IMPROVEMENTS IN TYRES FOR THE WHEELS OF CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, ROBERT PICKIN of Hockley near Birmingham in the County of Warwick
Coach Builder do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TYRES FOR THE WHEELS OF CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES" to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to Tyres made of Iron, Steel, or other metal either made
whole or welded, and capable of being securely attached or firmly secured to the
Wood body of an Ordinary Carriage or other Wheel without the use of nails,
screws, or rivets, and, has for its object a modification of the construction of such
Tyres for rendering them more convenient and economical in application than in
the manner described in the Specification filed in pursuance of Letters Patent
granted to me and dated the 19th day of October 1874 and to afford greater
security in use than by the method of construction hitherto adopted. The ribs or
webs formed on the inner circumference of such tyres for securing same by means
of corresponding grooves in the wheel rims or felloes, have hitherto been made
square or rectangular in Section, and of much greater depth than necessary thus
rendering the tyres difficult to fix and less secure when fixed, the shrinkago of the
tyre in cooling not being sufficient to make a firm grip unless the tyre is first
over heated and the felloes or wood body of the wheel in this way may be much
damaged.
.In constructing 'tyres in accordance with this Invention whether they are made
from straight bars turned by hand to the required diamoter, and the ends welded,
or whether they are each made out of one piece or ring of metal and rolled to the
required size and section by continuous or endless rolling I roll or otherwise form
the cross section of the tyre as follows:-The tyre is made of a suitable width for
the Wheel required and for securing the same firmly to the felloes rim or body of
Carriage or other Wheels I form the rib or web constructed on the inner circum-
ference of tyre of a triangular or flat V shape section or of the section of a short
sided right angled triangle the base being next the body of the tyre the short
perpendicular side springing therefrom.
In this way the sloping face of the triangular shaped rib, or of the sides of the
flat V shape help materially in getting the tyres into position. Besides the above
Sections of rib or web or of any triangular or wedge shaped sections I propose to

page_text: use if preferred ribs or web of a cross section similar to a segment of a circle or
semi-elliptical curve for the same purpose. One or more of such ribs or webs may
be used in the width of the tyre, but one is sufficient in all ordinary cases and
I prefer such ribs or webs to have a projection from the inner circumference of the
tyre of not more than half the width of the base of such rib at its junction with
the tyre.
These means are applicable to any variety of tyres for wood Carriage or other
Wheels including those for carrying supplemental India rubber or elastic tyres and
on these the Iron tyres may be rolled of sufficient thickness for comprising a flat or
half round circumferential groove or bed for gripping the said elastic tyre and the
sides of the Iron tyre tapered from the base inwards if necessary to prevent undue
weight. By these means I can secure such tyres much more firmly than hitherto,
and with greater economy and, for the purposes above described I can render
carriage and other wheels exceedingly durable and fit for use in any climate or
country without the usual risk of damages or trouble with frequent repairs.
The felloes rim or wood body of a wheel are prepared by forming a groove
corresponding to the bead by turning same out in a lathe in any convenient
manuer, or by any suitable tool, and the tyre is heated and shrunk on in the
usual way.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
"
I ROBERT PICKIN of Hockley near Birmingham in the County of Warwick
Coach Builder do hereby declara the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TYRES FOR THE WHEELS OF CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by tho following Statement:-
My invention relates to the construction of holeless tyres made of iron steel or
other metal either made whole or welded and capable of being securely attached or
firmly secured to the felloe of an ordinary carriage or other wheel without the use
of nails screws or rivets to weaken their cross section.
My present improvements relate to modifications of the construction or formation
of such tyres for rendering them more convenient and economical in application
than in the usual method or in the manner described in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to me and dated the 19th day of October 1874 N° 3592
and to afford greater security in use than by the method of construction hitherto
adopted.
My improved tyres being thicker in the centre than ordinary flat tyres they keep
the joints from moving or dropping down as is frequently the case.
The ribs webs or beads formed on the inner circumference of such tyres for
securing same by means of corresponding grooves in the wheel rims or felloes, have
hitherto been made square or rectangular in section and of much greater depth
than necessary thus rendering the tyres difficult to fix and less secure when fixed,
the shrinkage of the tyre in cooling not being sufficient to make a firm grip unless
the tyre is first over heated, and the felloes or wood rim of the wheel may by this
means be much damaged and for wheels of small diameter cannot be got on.
In constructing tyres in accordance with my present improvements whether they
are made from straight bars turned by hand to the required diameter, and the ends
welded or whether they are each made out of one piece or ring of metal and rolled
to the required size and section by continuous or endless rolling, I roll or otherwise
form the cross section of the tyre as follows.
The tyre is made of a suitable width for the wheel required and for securing the
same firmly to the felloes or rims of carriage or other wheels and I either form
the rib web or bead on the inner circumference of the tyre of a triangular or
flat V shape section as represented at a in the section of the rim of a wheel at
Figure 1 of the drawings annexed or of the section of a short sided right angled
triangle as represented at 6 Figure 2 the base being next the body or inner surface
of the tyre the short perpendicular side springing therefrom.
In this way the sloping face of the triangular shaped rib or of the sides of the
flat V shape help materially in getting the tyres into position in the process of
shrinking by sudden cooling.
Besides the sectional forms of ribs or webs or of any other triangular or wedge
shaped sections I use if desired ribs or webs of a cross section similar to a segment,
of a circle or semi-elliptical curve for the same purpose as represented by c and d
Figures 3 and 4.

page_text: One or more of such ribs or webs may be used in the width of the tyre but onc
is sufficient in all ordinary cases.
These ribs webs or beads are applicable to any variety of tyres for wood carriage
or other wheels including those for carrying supplemental India rubber or elastic
tyres and on these the iron tyres may be rolled of sufficient thickness for comprising
a flat or half round circumferential groove or bed for gripping the said elastic tyre
and the sides of the iron tyre may be tapered from the base inwards if necessary to
prevent undue weight.
The felloe or rim of a wheel is prepared by forming a groove corresponding to
the rib web or bead on the inner circumference of the tyre by turning same out in
a lathe in any convenient manner or by any suitable tool, and the tyre is heated
and shrunk on in the usual way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to bo performed I declare that what
I claim is
-
-
The improved construction of holeless tyres for the wheels of carriages and other
vehicles by forming them with ribs beads or webs on their inner circumference
substantially such as herein described and represented by the sections a b c and d
of the drawings hereto annexed.