PREVENTING THE INJURIQUE EFFECTS ARISING FROM THE SMOKING OF TOBACCO
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
.PHILLIPS, of Upper Park Street, Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Chemist, send greeting. :
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Eighteenth day of September, in the fifteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Phillips, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said George Phillips, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, and
such others as I, the said George Phillips, my exors, adññors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, and
in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, my Invention
for "PREVENTING THE INJURIQUE EFFECTS ARISING FROM THE SMOKING OF TOBACCO ;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
George Phillips, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, par-
.ticularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled
in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in

page_text: and by the same, reference being, thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Phillips, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):-
It is well known to chemists that tobacco contains two highly-poisonous
constituents, nicotine and nicotianine, and that these substances volatilize at
different temperatures, the former at about 320°, the latter at about 212°
Fahrenheit. In ordinary sınoking these substances, known as oils of tobacco,
distil over with other products and pass into the mouth of the smoker, a
portion of them being retained and absorbed by the system to the detriment of
the health and the comfort of the smoker. Now, the object of this Invention
is the separation of these deleterious substances from the smoke; and I effect
the desired result by first lowering the temperature of. the smoke. below the
volatilizing points of nicotine and nicotianine,..and then separating them from
the smoke by filtration. The condensation may be effected in, a variety, of
ways thus I have accomplished it by means of small tubes and sheets.of metal, s
arranged so as to form worms; these I surrounded with. substances that favor
condensation, such as water, damp flannel, sawdust, or other matters that will
abstract the heat from the smoke.. 'I have also arranged, the tubes or pipes so
that a current of air may pass over the exterior. of the tubes that form the
worms, all of which contrivances have answered the purpose. tolerably..well,
but I have found them objectionable on account of their bulk and weight,.and.
I therefore prefer another mode (viz.), to- pass the smoke..over an extended
surface of some suitable substance or material, and, thus cool down..the smoke
to the desired point, and then' filter. from it the matter. thus condensed. The
-material which I have found most convenient,. and which I prefers to use, is
unwashed wool, commonly known as "wool.in grease; but various other
fibrous substances or materials may be employed. as well, and.will.be.found
suitable for the purpose. Thus I have found..that. sawdust, raspings, or chips
of wood; cork, broken leaves of trees, .lay, bark, grass, paper, charcoal, thin
sheets of metal, 'wire gauze, and. fragments of.metal, pieces of. pumice:.and
other light stone, asbestos, and all kinds of textile fabrics,. such as woollen,
cotton, linen, silk, also cotton. Wool,, raw.silk' as from the worin, hair, feathers,
sponge, sand, or other pulverized niatérial, cool down the smoke,.and condense
the oils and act as filters, so as to separate the before-mentioned deleterious
G

page_text: matters from the smoke. The great desideratum, so far as condensing power
only is concerned, is extent of surface of the material or substance employed,
and its conduction of heat. The next point is filtration, and for this purpose
proper closeness of the material or substance used is required; these being
attended to, any suitable substance will effect the object. Beyond the mere
attainment of condensation and filtration by surface and closeness of material,
I have found that all fixed oils and fats may be used with advantage with the
material employed. This arises from the circumstance that fixed oils and fats.
unite with the oils of tobacco distilled over during the operation of smoking..
and retain them, but permit the empyreuma or true smoke to pass; thus I,
have found' that in drawing tobacco smoke through a cistern or reservoir of oil...
or soft fatty matter; or over or through any fabric or substance covered with
them, the oils of tobacco are retained, while the smoke is allowed to pass;
hence, the advantage of the "wool in grease" as a condensing and filtering.
medium. The oils of tobacco may also be separated from the smoke by means
of any alkaline substance or solution, either by-passing the smoke over frag-
ments of such-substances, or through diaphragms wetted with alkaline matter; -
but I have found that the flavor of the smoke was injured in a greater or less
degree, according as the substance was more or less alkaline with which it
came in contact. The manner in which I apply the material I prefer is as
follows: The wool is carded and placed moderately tight in a glass tube or
any other suitable vessel, and secured in any convenient manner so as to pre-
vent it from shifting. In the tubes I prefer the, use of perforated corks, fitted
inside-the tube, and placed close, to the wool. The corks are placed at con-
venient distances from the ends of the tube, so as to receive the pipe and
fittings-herein-after described. I have found, by 'numerous experiments, that a
certain quantity or continuous length of the filtering material is necessary to
secure à perfect action, and that a length of not less than three inches should
be applied in a tube, the diameter of which is three fourths of an inch and
upwards. If the tube be less than three fourths of an inch in diameter, the.
quantity of the wool or filtering medium must be increased according to; the
smallness of the tube. Diaphragms of flannel, cotton, linen, silk, hair, metal,
wire, or any other textile fabric, arranged singly or in a series, may be applied,
and, if properly constructed, answer pretty well as a condensing and filtering.
arrangement; but they are not so convenient for cleansing as the material I:
prefer.
To prevent the condensed oils, water, &c. from running into the pipe, bowl;
or meerschaum, as the case may 'be, I form a reservoir for their reception...
inside of the tubes, in the manner shewn in the accompanying Drawings,
1

page_text: a
in which Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal section of a pipe of the simplest and
cheapest form, constructed according to my improvements. The bowl of the
pipe is shewn at a, and for economy I construct it of clay; it has a stalk'b, on
which a cork c is fitted against the shoulder d. The glass tube ġ forms the
body of the pipe, and in the lower end of this tube the pipe stalk b is inserted,
and male tight by the cork c. The top or mouth-piece f is attached in a
similar manner to the upper end of the tube g by a cork that is fixed on the
perforated peg or tube h, and which peg or tube protrudes beyond the cork,
and when the mouth-piece fitting is attached to the tube g, a reservoir or
chamber is thereby formed when the pipe is laid down, and any condensed
matter is thus prevented from reaching the mouth-piece. When the parts of
the pipe are connected together the stalk of the pipe bowl stands up inside the
tube g, and forms a reservoir for the oils and condensed matter to collect in,
and which, by detaching the pipe and fittings, may be emptied at pleasure."
In the tube g is also placed the filter k for taking up and retaining the oils of
tobacco as the smoke is drawn through it. Perforated corks 1, 1, are placed
within the tube to keep the filter in its place. The stalk b, or projecting part
of the pipe, may be bent or made, as shewn in Fig. 2, with a cap i to 'cover'
the orifice e through which the smoke issues into the tube g. This cap or
cover may be formed either of clay, metal, wood, or any suitable substance, and
is intended to prevent the condensed oils, &c. from dropping into the orifice e
through which the smoke issues. A small vessel or cup j may also be fixed on
the stalk of the pipe, as shewn in Fig. 3, and fitted to the tube, so that wlien
the pipe is detached the condensed oil, water, &c. collected in the vessel or
cup may be brought out with the pipe and emptied. The cap i and cup
may be made of any shape and of any suitable material. In the Drawings,
however, I have shewn them as being constructed of wood. The tubes or
pipes for meerschaum bowls are similar in arrangement and construction; as
regards the reservoirs and other parts; to what has been described for the
common pipe, and they may be either fitted to the meerschaum bowl in the
the ordinary manner by means of a cork, or by means of screw joints, or in
any other convenient way.
At Figs. 2 and 3 I have shown sectional representations of my improved
pipe tubes intended to be applied to meerschaum bowls. The tube e máy.
have a cap and cup j attached to it, as in the case of the pipe, and which
may be made of any suitable form or material, and the mouth-piece is arranged
with fittings similar to those described for the pipe. The reservoir may be
made with fittings and attached to the tube without a cork either: by a
telescopic or screw joints; thus a plain ferrule or ring screw, as the case

page_text: may be, is cemented, as shewn in Fig. 2, to the glass or other tube used,
to which the fittings, having a cup or hollow vessel of any suitable shape,
are shut on or screwed. The hollow vessel forms the reservoir, and may
be arranged so as to have the reservoir either outside or inside the end of
the tube. This arrangement is somewhat more costly than the mode of
attaching the fittings to the tube by means of cork, but it has the advan-
tage of being more readily used, and also preserves the ends of the tube
when made of glass or other fragile material from being broken. In
the upper part of the tube that contains the filter, and next the mouth-
piece, both in the tube used with the pipes and also in meerschaum tubes,
a space is left for the insertion of a sponge, which may be wetted with
water when a mild or water pipe is required. The advantage of this mode of
forming a water pipe is both convenient and pleasant, as it may be used as
easily and with as little care as a common pipe, and when in use has no
unpleasant gurgling noise which is common to, and so objectionable in, water
pipes. For cigar smoking I arrange tubes similarly prepared to those used
with meerschaums, with the exception that the end of the tube or fitting next
the pipe, instead of having a cork, has a cavity for the reception of the cigar.
Having now described my Invention, and the best means with which I am
at present acquainted for carrying the same into effect, I would observe in
conclusion that I do not mean or intend to confine myself rigidly to the precise
arrangement or construction of parts herein set forth, as they may doubtless
be varied without departing from the nature and object of my improvements;
but that which I consider to be new, and therefore wish to claim as the
Invention secured to me under the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent, is,―
First, the use of any suitable material or substance applied to the various
modes of cooling down the smoke, condensing the oils, and filtering them from the
smoke, as herein described. I also claim the use of fixed oils and fats for the
purpose herein described.
Second, I claim the construction and arrangement of the several parts of a
pipe as shewn in the Drawings, and also the mode of adapting the bowl of the
pipe to the tube, as shown in Fig. 1, so as to form a reservoir for the reception
of the condensed oils, &c. I also claim the mode of forming the reservoir at
the bottom and top of the tubes for meerschaums, as described and shewn in
the Drawings, at Figs. 2 and 3, and also the mode of applying a wet sponge
at the top of the tube to form a water pipe. In applying the materials and
substances for condensation and filtration, I do not confine myself to the use

page_text: of glass tubes only, as any suitable substance made, in a convenient form! may
be used for the purpose. herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Phillips, have hereunto set
iny hand-and seal this Sixteenth day of March, in the year of four
Lord-One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two:
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