matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARMOUR PLATING AND SHEATHING OF SHIPS OF WAR AND FORTIFICATIONS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodore Anthony Rochussen at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th April 1867.
I, THEODORE ANTHONY ROCHUSSEN, of Abchurch Lane, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ARMOUR PLATING AND SHEATHING OF SHIPS OF WAR AND FORTIFICATIONS,"
to be as follows:-
The armour plating of ships of war as at present constructed consists of
slabs of metal of which the front and back faces are parallel.
Now according to my Invention I roll or form the face of each plate into
ridges and furrows, whilst the back remains flat, as is usual. The ridges are
placed sufficiently near together to prevent any shot competent to penetrate
the plate entering between them. The ridges may either be arranged
vertically or horizontally, or they may be run in an inclined direction, or two
sets of grooves crossing each other may be employed. By this arrangement
the progress of the shot is resisted at a greater distance from the back of the
plate than with ordinary plates of a like weight, and so the strain is distributed
over a greater area of metal. The furrows or grooves on the face of the
plates I fill with wood, then over the whole I fix wooden planking, and I
apply sheathing of copper or other metal over the planking. Fortifications
may be armour-plated in a similar manner, and if desired sheathing may be
also applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Walker and Andrew Walker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 22nd October 1867.
We, PETER WALKER and ANDREW WALKER, both of No. 32, Brougham
Road, Dalston, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER
ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to render unnecessary the use of nails
passing into the hoofs of the animals for securing shoes to their feet, and to
give ease and freedom to the action of the feet. For this purpose each shoe
is provided with a projection, standing up at or near the front thereof and
lying against the front of the hoof for receiving by a catch connection part of
a band of iron or other metal. This band thence passes round the lower part
of the wall of the hoof to the back thereof, and at its ends is by nuts and screws
secured to lugs or projections standing up at the back ends or the heel of the
shoe, in order that the band may be tightened to the extent desired to retain
the shoe in position on the foot. . By these means ease and freedom is given
to the soft parts of the foot, and the nip for retaining the shoe in position is
confined to the lower or thicker part of the hoof, whilst the danger arising
from piercing the hoof with nails is avoided and simplicity of construction and
application is attained.
The shoe may have projections to serve as roughings.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEP CHAIRS, LADDERS, AND STEPS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Leake Worth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
December 1867.
I, SAMUEL LEAKE WORTH, of 293, Oxford St., London, Brush Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEP CHAIRS, LADDERS, AND STEPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a chair constructed as follows:-The seat is cut
across parallel with front and jointed with hinges, the said cut being carried
on both sides down to bottom of back leg. The back part of chair being
thrown over the front forms steps for libraries, halls, and other purposes.
Now my Invention consists in placing a locking bar from the front leg to
the back which secures the chair, or when turned over and used as steps the
said bar turns the opposite way, fastening on back of chair, keeping the steps
perfectly secure. I also place a handrail in an upright position, which can
be turned down forming part of the top step when used as a chair. The
locking bar and rail is also applied to ladders at full length or when folded as
step ladders as a stretcher bar.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I declare that what I
claim is, the placing a locking bar to secure the chair, steps, or ladder steps,
and fixing a handrail to ensure safety in using such steps and ladder steps,
and also the use of double jointed hinges to secure the seat of the chair.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCREW PROPELLERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Simmons at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th June
1867.
I, EDWARD SIMMONS, of Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SCREW PROPELLERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of screw
propellers for steam vessels whereby greater speed can be attained than by
the propellers in ordinary use. I propose to apply and fix to the periphery
of the blades of the screw metallic arcs of circles in such position and of such
width and length that the curve or pitch of the blade shall meet and fit the
internal periphery of the arc and divide it obliquely from one corner to the
other; the arcs on the blades therefore will form with the blades true
segments of a circle, the circumference of which is drawn from the centre of
the boss. By the application of these arcs to the screw blades a greater
pressure is created against the blades by the revolution of the propeller, the
water being prevented from leaving the blades in a plane with their surfaces,
and being thrown more directly from them parallel with the line of the axis of
rotation, and therefore greater propelling power is acquired by the screw with
the same amount of engine power.
AN IMPROVED CHEMICAL PREPARATION OR COMPOUND TO BE USED IN PREPARING MIXED TEXTILE FABRICS FOR DYEING OR COLORING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Baylis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November
1867.
I, JAMES BAYLIS, of Kiuburn Cottage, Durdham Down, in the City and
County of Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CHEMICAL PREPARATION OR COMPOUND TO BE USED IN PREPARING
MIXED TEXTILE FABRICS FOR DYEING OR COLORING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a compound chemical substance possessing the
property of imparting a disposition to receive a fast color of equal shade
simultaneously upon animal and vegetable fibres; thus a mixed textile
fabric of cotton, wool, or silk, or any of them, may be dyed into various colors
by one process instead of a separate process for each fibre, as in the practice
generally in use.
The advantages effected by the use of the Invention are a saving in time
and labor, as well as in the plant now required for dyeing, and a large saving
in the cost of materials. I produce this substance by the chemical reduction
of cuperiferous arsenic, mundic containing traces of vanadium, by means
of either sulphuric, nitric, hydrochloric, or acetic acid, either singly or in
any combination the one with the other of them, as may be suitable for the
production of various colors or shades. The proportions of acid used are
variable in accordance with the shades of color intended to be produced;
such shades of color being constantly varying no exact combination can be

page_text: given. I then precipitate the arsenic contained in the solution & submit
the supernatant liquor to the action of muriate of ammonia.
In some cases I complete the neutralization of the product by the use of
alkali.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER TUYERES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Ford and Thomas Ford
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 21st June 1867.
We, BENJAMIN FORD and THOMAS FORD, the younger, both of Wednesfield
Heath, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER TUYERES," to be as
follows:-
The disadvantages of the water tuyeres generally used are found to be that
the tubes become so frequently furred up that much expense is entailed and
inconvenience caused before the evil can be remedied.
Our improvements consist substantially in providing a cistern or tank in
connection with the tuyere, the tuyere being attached to the said cistern or tank
in such manner that both its ends are inserted through the sides of the said
cistern or tank, which being kept constantly supplied with water, and the
said tuyere being so attached that the water may always flow freely therein,
the tubes of the tuyere are always kept full of the liquid. Ordinarily when
the nose of the tuyere gets so hot as to cause the water contained therein
to boil, steam is generated, and so there is much danger of the tuyere
exploding, or if this does not happen it becomes so damaged from the fire as
to be afterwards practically useless..
Now, by our improvements, although the water may be caused temporally

page_text: to boil at the nose of the tuyere, the flow of water coming from the cistern or
tank will be sufficient to force a continually fresh supply of cold fluid to the
nose, and to all the other parts of the tuyere exposed to the great heat
referred to, and so all danger of explosion is avoided.
A NEW REVOLVING SHUTTER OR BLIND TO BE APPLIED EITHER INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF HOUSES OR OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Welton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July 1867.
I, THOMAS WELTON, of 13, Grafton Street, Fitzroy Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Maker of Artificial Limbs, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW REVOLVING SHUTTER OR BLIND TO BE APPLIED
EITHER INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF HOUSES OR OTHER BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
I take a piece of metal sheet (iron or steel in preference), and cut out of
each edge of it a piece sufficient to be turned over and round a metal wire or
wires or rod or rods, and so on with each strip or piece of metal, so that the
piece left on shall fit into a corresponding plate, and by turning over and down
the said rods or wires form a continuous binge the whole length of the shutter,
see Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 (sectional view), which may be perforated to admit
light and air where absolute security is not required, but where privacy or
security be.requisite laths of wood may be affixed by means of rivets or screws
to the front side of the said shutter or blind, so that they may overlap each
other or otherwise, see Fig. 4, sectional view; or straight, flat, or other
shaped bars of metal or sheet iron or steel may be so affixed to the said plate
or plates forming the said shutter or blind, which may be covered with other
metal or alloys, zinc in preference, and' by the process commonly called 'gal-
vanizing, see Fig. 5, sectional view, so as to apparently form one plate and by
repetition. plates, which when connected together will form a shutter or blind.
I likewise claim as part of my Invention to make the aforesaid plate or plates
either flat or sectionally curved, as may be convenient; and I hereby declare

page_text: my Invention to be a long continuous hinge, hinges, or series of hinges
formed as before described, to the front of which may be screwed or rivetted
wooden laths, iron hooping, or other shaped metal, which may or may not
overlap each other, as may be found most convenient. The said shutter or
blind may be caused to rotate by hand after the manner of a roller blind, or
by fitting machinery by any convenient means, and may be drawn down from
a facia or other place raised below a stallboard or other place, or drawn laterally
as most convenient.
In conclusion I wish to state that my Invention consists in making a shutter
or blind of metal (sheet iron or steel of fitting thickness), so that each part
(described as plates) interlocks with the other and others, and so forms a
continuous hinge or hinges, to the front of which may be affixed laths of wood,
metallic bars of the required thickness and of any sectional form or width.
either as regards the plates, otherwise hinges, or the outside covering (if any)
of iron or wood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cook at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March
1867.
I, THOMAS Cоок, of Pitt Street, Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is comprised under four separate heads.
Under the first head the improvement consists in rendering sewing machines
self-acting instead of having to impart motion thereto by the feet, hand, or or
steam, as heretofore practised, I propose to effect this by means of a powerful
spring or heavy weight which when wound up shall impart motion to the
machine; I propose also to adapt a weighted or spring brake to the fly wheel
of the machine for stopping the same when necessary, and this brake I intend
to apply to sewing machines of all kinds, whether worked by self-acting means
as above stated or otherwise.
Under the second head the improvement relates to the mechanism employed
for carrying the needle thread round the bobbin, and the present improvement
consists in causing the spindle employed to carry the thread round the bobbin
to move in an universal joint or socket so that the spindle does not rotate but
its extremities have a circular movement imparted thereto by means of a
crank arm driven by a worm and worm wheel motion presently described;
the aforesaid crank arm is connected to one end of the aforesaid spindle, and
the other end of the said spindle has a hook fixed therein for catching hold of

page_text: the thread, a movement well known to sewing machine makers; this hook
always remains upright, and in that position describes a circular motion by
means of the crank arm, as before described, and thus carries the thread
round the bobbin.
Under the third head the improvement relates to hand sewing machines,
and consists in adapting thereto a worm wheel acting on a screwed shaft or
spindle, similar to the mechanism commonly used in musical boxes for regu-
lating the speed thereof; by these improved means the driving wheel can be
placed at the side of the machine instead of the back thereof, as at present
practised.
Under the fourth and last head these improvements relate to hand sewing
machines, and consist in employing only one rotating shaft instead of two
rotating shafts, one shaft being employed to drive the needle and the other
shaft for driving the looping mechanism. By these improvements the shaft
employed to drive the looping mechanism I place at the bottom of the machine
so as to be capable of rotating, and the other shaft employed to drive the
needle I place above the former shaft, and I connect these two shafts together
by a connecting rod driven by a crank or excentric, and I connect the nee‹lle
shaft to the rock shaft by a solid bent piece of metal formed with a pin at
each end, one pin taking into a hole in the needle shaft, and the other into
the crank on the end of the rock shaft, thus producing a rocking movement
of the upper shaft and causing the needle shaft to move up and down.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Lungley Dickins and
Harvey Heywood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st September 1867.
We, ALBERT LUNGLEY DICKINS and HARVEY HEYWOOD, of Middleton, in the
County of Lancaster, Dyers and Printers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN
APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in printing yarns or threads by passing hanks
thereof between rollers, such hanks being held parallel to the axes of the said
rollers. These rollers we provide with projecting rings or other suitable parts
disposed along the rollers at intervals according to the design intended to be
produced, and when more than one colour is desired we use two or more
colour boxes provided with rollers for conveying the colours, and with pro-
jecting rings or parts corresponding to those upon the printing roller to which a
particular colour is appropriated. The hanks may be opened upon wires by
which they are fed to the machine, but we also propose to use an endless
belt or other travelling surface to which the hanks are successively adapted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF WALLS, BUILDINGS, AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES
Year: 1867

page_text: Ն
TISSIONCIS
ولماعان
1867.
I, SAMUEL HARWOOD, of Northfleet, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF WALLS, BUILDINGS, AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of walls,
buildings, and other such structures composed of layers of blocks or slabs of
material in the nature of cement compositions, whereby complete ventilation
is effected and great strength afforded to the structure with a less weight and.
quantity of material than has hitherto been the case.
I propose to form the blocks or slabs in any shape or size required by
means of moulds, the materials consisting of concrete, pure Portland cement,
Roman cement, or any other cement or lime, or lime and cement, or other
known compounds suitable for the manufacture of hard and durable blocks of
artificial stone, and to build the wall or other structure of a hollow or cellular
form by placing or laying the blocks or slabs in courses side by side with a.
space or interval between the rows, which may be two, three, or other number,
and by binding the courses with similar blocks or slabs either touching each
other or with a space between each. By this method of construction a com-
plete system of ventilation will be established throughout all the walls of the
building, and by leaving openings in the finished walls of the rooms the systein

page_text: of ventilating the entire house will be effected. The blocks may be of a
perfectly solid form, or they may be perforated or hollow, according to the
nature of the structure to be erected. The blocks may be made of suitable
sizes, thicknesses, and designs, either for cottages or for lofty buildings, and
according to the plan of the structure so the number of blocks can be com-
puted and taken from stock sufficient to erect the building. The window
fronts, ledges, copings, and other portions of the house are also to be cast or
moulded to a proper length, according to the plans; they may be made of
stone or any other such material if required. Many other advantages will
occur by this improved system of construction, for example, a building may be
erected with greater rapidity and cheapness than by the ordinary bricks or
blocks, and the walls will never be damp by reason of the constant current of
air passing through the spaces between the blocks.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR DYEING TEXTILE FABRICS, YARNS, AND FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Hanson and James
Charles Ellison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th November 1867.
We, WILLIAM JAMES HANSON and JAMES CHARLES ELLISON, of Rawfolds,
Cleckheaton, in the County of York, Dyers, Printers, and Stovers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR DYEING TEXTILE FABRICS, YARNS, AND FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a series of lattice sheets,
endless aprons, or "brats" of any suitable material carried on rollers in or
through the dyeing vessel, so arranged that two of such endless sheets,
aprons, or brats will move in contact with each other, and thereby convey and
conduct textile fabrics, yarns, or fibrous substances betwixt their surfaces
through the dye liquor and deliver the same betwixt another similar pair of
surfaces, and so on through the whole series of surfaces. Or for the dyeing
of hanks of yarn or fibrous substances we may employ two or more rollers for
the said hanks to be placed upon or around, and which are caused to rotate
in the dye liquor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FLYERS OF SPINNING AND TWISTING FRAMES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Charles Addy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1867.
I, ROBERT CHARLES ADDY, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland,
Flax Mill Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FLYERS OF SPINNING AND TWISTING FRAMES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of a new and improved mode of constructing the
flyers of spinning and twisting frames, dispensing with the use of the ordinary
thread plate, and bringing the thread in a direct line from the delivering
roller to the top of the flyer. The flyer consists of two broadened legs, having
an eye at the lower extremity of one or each leg, and is furnished also with
an eye at the top in the line of the axis of the spindle and above the socket
of the flyer, and through which eye the thread passes from the delivering roller
to the eye at the lower extremity of either of the legs.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF DECORTICATING, CRUSHING, AND TREATING DRY PEAS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Sezille at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1867.
I, ALEXANDRE SEZILLE, residing at Noyon, Town in the French Empire,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED PROCESS OF DECORTICATING, CRUSHING, AND TREATING DRY PEAS," to be
as follows:-
The decortication and splitting of dry peas has heretofore been effected by first
driving off all moisture from the peas by placing them in drying stoves heated
to a considerable degree, after which they are passed between millstones to
remove the cuticle and to split them. By the first process a loss of from
ten to fifteen per cent. of moisture is experienced, while by the latter process
the peas become very much broken up instead of being only split, and the
surfaces thereof also are considerably rubbed, thus occasioning a second loss
of about ten per cent. In addition to this the apparatus employed is very
expensive and requires considerable power to work.
My present Invention consists in treating the peas by a moist instead of a
dry process, whereby the before-mentioned losses are obviated, and the apparatus
is rendered inexpensive and easy to work. For this purpose I immerse the
peas in vats filled with pure water until they are perfectly saturated, which is
effected in about from 10 to 15 hours according to the temperature of the
water; the peas are then decorticated by being passed between two smooth
cylinders made either of cast iron, wood, india-rubber, or of any other suitable

page_text: material; the cuticle of the pea which by the saturation has become perfectly
loosened from the inner tissues is by this means readily removed and the pea
is split in two halves; the peas and their cuticles then pass into a cylinder
provided with brush surfaces, which effect the complete separation of such
portions of cuticle as may still adhere to the peas, after this the sorting of the
peas from the cuticles is effected by passing them through sorting sieves, and
the peas are then dried in stoves at a much lower temperature than is required
for the dry process. By this system I effect a saving of 7 or 8 per cent. in
the volume or mass, while all loss from crushing or the production of flour is
obviated, whereby a further increase of 10 per cent. in the produce is effected
and a mechandize of greater value obtained. By this
retain their green colour.
process also the peas
AN IMPROVED RICE UNHUSKING MILL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October
1867.
I, JOHN CHARLES WILSON, of 5, Lime Street, in the City of London, Civil
and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED RICE UNHUSKING MILL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to a mill or machine for unhusking rice..
It is constructed with two rollers, one of which is made of or covered with a
hard substance such as a metal, or hard wood, or stone, or ebonite, &c.,.
roughened on its periphery or external surface, and the other of (or with) a
soft material, such as india-rubber; the periphery of the latter rubbing or
squeezing, or both, the rice with the husk on it against the periphery of the
former, whereby it is immediately unshelled. Instead of the hard surface.
being made in the form of a roller it may be a flat surface, such as a file..
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING WORTS AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1867

page_text: I, GEORGE SEVERN, of Hampstead Road, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REFRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING WORTS AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement and construction
of refrigerators for cooling worts and other liquids, together with the means.
employed for the purpose of cooling.
In constructing refrigerators according to my improvements within a vat or
tank of a size suited to the quantity of wort or liquid to be cooled I arrange
tiers of pipes with sufficient space between the tiers and between the ends
thereof and the tank for a man to pass for the purpose of readily cleaning the
vat and pipes when required. The pipes of each tier are connected by return
bends formed with openings closed by suitable stoppers opposite each line of
horizontal pipe for the purpose of cleaning them out by introducing a brush.
or otherwise when required. The tiers of pipes which come against the
ends or sides of the vat or tank I prefer to form with angular surfaces or
semicircular, so that they may lie flat against the surface of the vat to facilitate
cleaning. The hot wort or liquid to be cooled is caused to flow in at the upper
part of the vat containing the series of tiers of pipes, being drawn off at or
near the bottom. One or more thermometers may be fixed to the side of the

page_text: vat, the bulbs passing through into the liquor to indicate the temperature
thereof. Into the lower part of each of the series of tiers of pipes a jet or
jets of water is forced, or injected currents of air being also forced in, at, or
near the same point in order to distribute the water in the form of spray
through the series of tiers of pipes so as to absorb the heat from the hot
liquor and conduct it away. When the length of pipe in each tier is consider-
able additional jets of water and air may be introduced at suitable distances
apart. The spaces between the tiers of pipes may have cases of hollow metal
or other material placed therein to fill or partly fill up such spaces, and thus
reduce the capacity of the vat for the time being if required; the vat may be
closed by a cover or not as preferred.
I would remark that although I prefer to arrange the pipes for cooling the
liquor in the manner herein-before described the arrangement of the same
may be greatly varied, and that my improved method of forcing air and water
combined through a series of pipes for the purpose of cooling the liquid
surrounding such pipes is appliable to all refrigerators where currents are
caused to flow through pipes for the purpose of cooling the liquid surrounding
them.
Where water is abundant then in place of forcing air and water through
the arrangement of cooling vat or tank constructed as herein described, and
constituting the first part of my improvements, a current of water only may
be employed to circulate through the series of pipes arranged as previously
described.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING GLASS IN ORDER TO PRODUCE TABLETS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Rees at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June 1867.
I, GEORGE REES, of Holloway, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
TREATING GLASS IN ORDER TO PRODUCE TABLETS AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is carried out in the following manner:-I take glass in a
state of powder either dry or as a paste, and mix the same or not with
inetallic or mineral oxides or other material suitable for the production of
various colours; I place this glass either in the mixed state or not in a mould,
having a design or part of a design in or on its surface, or plain if a plain
surface is required, and after having filled the cavities or covered the surface,
if plain, I build up or make a backing to the required thickness of the same
material (glass mixed or not); I then cover the material with a suitable,
cover which may have indentations or projections upon it, and I press these
parts of the mould together with sufficient pressure to conglomerate the
material between them; the material can then be removed from the mould
and vitrified in a kiln in the ordinary manner, or it may be burnt in the
mould. The articles so vitrified may be polished or otherwise operated upon,
or they may be left in the rough.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LIFTING, LOWERING, AND TRANSPORTING HEAVY BODIES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Meiklejon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st September
1867.
I, JOHN MEIKLEJON, of Dalkeith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LIFTING, LOWERING, AND TRANSPORTING HEAVY
BODIES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to certain improved apparatus to be used in
warehouses, dead meat markets, and elsewhere, for lifting, lowering, and
transporting heavy bodies, consists as follows:-At the entrance, one end or
other convenient part of the building a wheel is placed centrally or there-
abouts between the adjacent sides. An endless chain or band passes over the
wheel, by pulling which the wheel is actuated. On the same axis as that to
which the wheel herein-before mentioned is placed there is attached a drum,
whose periphery is formed to receive the links of a chain, the two ends of the
chain being passed thence over pulleys and downward through guide eyes at
each side of the building. To each end of the chain a hook is attached for
holding the body or bodies to be lifted. On either side of the building in
which the hoisting apparatus is erected angle, T, or channel iron guides are
placed, upon each of which a travelling carriage is placed, and which is
provided with hooks, so that when it is desired to transport a body it is raised
by the lifting gear and attached to one or more hooks on one of the travelling
carriages; and when so placed the transportation is easily effected by an

page_text: attendant pushing the carriage along the guides to the place desired, after
which the body or bodies may be detached and lowered by means similar to
that used for raising it, or by other lowering arrangement at present in use.
In lieu of using a fixed hoist, as herein-before set forth, it may be placed upon
an ordinary traveller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING MINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert James at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January
1867.
I, ROBERT JAMES, of Poole, in the County of Dorset, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS
FOR VENTILATING MINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object an improved mode of ventilating mines,
whereby fresh air is supplied to all passages thereof, and the foul air or gas
extracted therefrom in a more perfect manner than has been effected
heretofore.
For these purposes I arrange a series of pipes passing down the shaft or
shafts and main passages of the mine with branch pipes leading into the
workings, where they have openings provided with regulating valves, through
which series of pipes the foul air is drawn out of the mine by means of any
suitable known arrangement of pumps or exhausting fans, and I arrange
another similar series of pipes passing down the shaft or shafts and main
passages with branches extending into the workings, also having openings
provided with regulating valves, through which series of pipes fresh air is
forced into the passages and workings by means of one or more other pumps
or fans. By thus simultaneously supplying fresh air to all parts of the mine.
and exhausting the foul air therefrom a most perfect ventilation of the mine

page_text: is attained. The said two sets of pumps or fans for blowing in the fresh air
and exhausting the foul air are both by preference placed at the top of the
pit, and worked by one and the same steam engine, the exhaust steam of
which may with advantage be caused to escape from a jet situated in the up
cast shaft of the mine, so as to increase the upward draught therein.
AN IMPROVED GAS BURNER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Churchill. at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th Decem-
ber 1867. A communication from abroad by Willis Churchill, of the
City and State of New York, United States of America.
I, CHARLES CHURCHILL, of Norwood, in 'the County of Surrey, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GAS
BURNER," & communication, to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists chiefly in a novel construction and arrangement
of the parts of a gas burner, by which the gas and air are well heated before
coming in contact with the flame, thereby securing the most perfect com-
bustion; also in a peculiarly formed cock, and an independent supply aperture
whereby a small flame is kept burning when the main flame is extinguished;
thus with trifling aditional cost avoiding the annoyance of relighting and
the danger arising from the escape of unconsumed gas. The burner is con-
structed with a main tube or chamber into which the gas for ordinary con-
sumption is admitted through a suitable cock. The latter is provided with
two holes which when the plug is turned full on are in line with two apertures
in the main tube, this chamber holds the gas in check till it is properly
warmed. At the top of the main tube or chamber are fixed two tips or
burners with narrow apertures or slits in their heads, the size of the slits
being varied according to the quality of the gas. The said tips are arranged
together at such an angle that the gas discharged from each one impinges
upon that discharged from the other, thus preventing a too rapid delivery

page_text: insuring the consumption of every particle of carbon and forming a broad thin
sheet of flame. The tips or burners are surrounded by a hood or cap which
forms an air chamber open at the top and provided with perforations to admit
the air which is warmed as it passes up inside the chamber, and then flows
through the aperture in the apex of the cap to the burning gas. A small
tube having no communication with the main tube is fitted to the plug of
the cock, and extends upward a little above the base of the air chamber.
This plug is formed with a small groove or channel extending partially around
its surface. This groove is so formed on the plug that when the latter is
turned to admit the gas into the main tube or chamber, the said groove is turned
away from the end of the small tube which is then closed by the plug, but
when the said plug is turned to close the apertures leading to the main tube,
the groove admits the gas to the small tube. A small jet of gas is thus
lighted when the main flame is, extinguished, and this jet will continue to
burn till the cock is again turned to admit the gas into the main tube or
chamber, the said jet then re-lighting the main flame and being itself
extinguished.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRYING CORN, MALT, OR OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stonehouse Williamson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th October 1867.
I, JOHN STONEHOUSE WILLIAMSON, of Long Hill, West Hartlepool, in the
County of Durham, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRYING CORN, MALT, OR OTHER SIMILAR
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in passing corn or other substances upon a screen
or screens through an intensely heated chamber constructed either of iron or
brick, whereby the smoke and gases generated by the fire are prevented from
coming in contact with them. The screen or screens have perforated bottoms,
and have a reciprocating motion imparted to them by a crank or other
mechanical contrivance. Said screens can be raised or lowered at either or
both ends of the chamber to allow the corn or other substance to pass through
with any required degree of speed. This machine can be mounted on wheels
and rendered portable, so that it can be applied in any place and at any time
where it may be required.
The main body of this machine is constructed in two divisions, one of
which forms the chamber through which the corn or other substances are
passed upon the screen or screens as before mentioned, and the other division
is that in which the furnace is placed for heating the above chamber. The fire
traverses along the bottom of this chamber to the other end of the machine
where it divides, returning again by the sides and top of the chamber to be

page_text: heated, and escapes by a chimney. The corn or other substances may be
raised by means of elevators into one end of the screens from a hopper placed
on the ground.
In making large machines it might be necessary to use steam power for
driving the said elevators and screens, and for that purpose I should prefer
having a boiler placed on the top of the machine, constructed of thin steel
plates, so that the waste heat before it escaped into the chimney would raise
sufficient steam to drive the elevators and screens.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS OR MEANS FOR STOPPING THE EARS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1867. A communication from abroad by Joseph Porter Michaels, of 29,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS OR MEANS FOR STOPPING THE EARS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a means of hermetically closing the ears at same
time without preventing sound entering easily. These ear stoppers are suitable
for use in swimming or bathing where the water is liable to enter the ears and.
cause disagreeable sensations and even deafness. These stoppers are also
applicable for preventing air from entering the ears which is often prejudicial
or unpleasant. The stopper is made of india-rubber, gutta percha, or other
supple elastic and impervious material, and consists of a closed tube rounded
at the end which is inserted in the aural conduit and there held in position by
reason of its elasticity. The tube I usually form with a small bell mouth which
protects the parts adjacent to the tube, and being moulded to the form of the
ear may be attached thereto by reason of its elasticity. In some cases I simply
widen the end of the tube instead of making it bell mouthed. These ear
stoppers are made in pairs and of all sizes to suit different ears; the india-

page_text: rubber or other material of which these stoppers are made may be varnished,
painted, or otherwise made to imitate a flesh tint. These stoppers may also
be made of various forms, although I have only described one example, but I
reserve the right of applying any similar means for closing the aural passage
to air and water without or only with slight obstruction to sound, the same!
being placed in the ear and secured in any suitable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Wolf at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th April
1867.
I, EDWARD WOLF, of the Firm of J. and E. Wolf, of Fore Street, in the
City of London, Merchants and Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to pipes for smoking, and it has for its object, first,
to allow of the stem being readily cleaned, and, secondly, to permit of the pipe
being made to stand on a table or other surface when not in use without
danger of spilling the contents of the bowl or bringing the stem or the mouth
piece in contact with such surface. For these purposes 1 close the stem at
its lower end by a socket made removeable at pleasure, that is to say, the
socket may be screwed, fitted, or otherwise attached to the bottom of the stem
so as to be readily connected therewith and disconnected therefrom. The
base of this socket is spread out or wider than the stem, and is made flat, and
is thereby or by other means contrived for resting on a table or other surface.
The bowl is formed on or fixed to the stem above the socket, the orifice of
communication between the two being also above the socket. By removing
the socket the stem can be readily cleansed. When the pipe is to be placed
in a standing position it is rested on the bottom of the socket and thereby.

page_text: remains upright, the mouth piece and bowl being elevated in the air, which is a
considerable advantage. The socket may however extend beneath the bowl, the
bottom of which may be closed and opened by the same or by a similar socket.
The bowl may be made to unscrew from the stem. In one arrangement the
bowl is nearly separate from or scarcely connected with the stem and the
draft hole is much higher than the bottom of the bowl, thereby freeing the
smoke from oil and nicotine.
COMMUNICATING OR SIGNALLING IN AND WITH RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Dunne Kyle at the Office
. of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August
1867.
'
I, DAVID DUNNE KYLE, of Victoria Street, Westminster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "COMMUNICATING OR SIGNALLING IN AND
WITH RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the following improvements in effecting the
method of communicating or signalling in and with railway trains described in
the Provisional Specification left by me at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 15th day of February 1862, intituled "An Improved Method
of Communicating or Signalling in and with Railway Trains," and therein
described as consisting "in the production and maintenance of a continuous
sound or alarum in any part or parts of a railway train, and in effecting the
communication or signal by the interruption or stoppage of this continuous
sound or alarum," namely, in producing the continuous sound or alarum by
maintaining air or steam at any required pressure in tubes and chambers
extended along the train, so as to sound or actuate whistles or other apparatus
in any part of the-train-by-the-discharge-or-action of this.air or steam through
or-against-them-instead of producing the continuous-sound-or-alarum-by-a-
current of air or steam as proposed in the above-mentioned Specification, and
in effecting the communication or signal by the interruption or stoppage of

page_text: the continuous sound or alarum through any ordinary mechanical means,
applicable by persons in the train or external to it.
Also in the use of valves or openings having springs, weights, or other
adjustments in connection with the tubes or chambers for regulating the
pressure therein.
Also in arranging when required the valves and chambers in connection
with the carriages, so as to form a double tube or circuit of the train.
Also in the use when required of engines for forcing the air into the tubes
and chambers independently of the motion to be derived from the engine or
wheels or axles of the carriages for that purpose.
Also in the use of auxiliary reservoirs or chambers for compressed air for
use if required when the train is in slow motion or at rest.
Also in the use of triggers or of similar appliances to the carriages on or by
which any prearranged or accidental cause either in or external to the train
may act and produce a signal.
Also a system or code of signals to be effected by variations in the duration
of the interruptions of the continuous sound or alarum..
Also in arrangements by which the application of the signal may fasten the
doors of a compartment or sound a whistle therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHOES FOR HORSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Bouverie Mulliner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
February 1867.
I, ROBERT BOUVERIE MULLINER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Coach Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHOES FOR HORSES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to obviate the necessity for frequent removal
and refixing of horses shoes (as in frosty weather), and the chances of injury
to their hoofs consequent thereupon. For this purpose I provide two thin shoes
for each hoof the inner or hoof shoe being so fashioned that it can be attached to
the hoof in any ordinary manner, and the outer or wearing shoe being so made
that it can be securely and easily affixed to the former. The wearing shoe
can be affixed to the hoof shoe by constructing the latter with projecting
screwed pins, and the former with corresponding apertures, and then binding
the two together by screwed nuts or screwed bolts, or rivets may be employed
to bind and hold them together. It will be obvious the wearing shoe can be
frequently renewed without disturbing the hoof shoe or changed so as to be
suitable for the roads or grounds over which the horse has to travel. In
some cases I place a pad of leather or other slightly elastic or yielding
material between the shoes to lessen the shock to horses running on hard
roads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF BUCKLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Evans at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th November
1867.
I, THOMAS EVANS, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF BUCKLES," to be as follows (that is
to say) :-
This Invention consists in making double buckles in such manner that both
the parts of the buckle are moveable upon a centre or centres; this centre
may be formed by flattening and piercing the ends of the meeting parts of the
buckle, and springing them on to the points of the centre bar, or by pronging
the ends of the centre bar into two centres or points, upon each of which
prongs or points one half of the double buckle turns.