CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Emery, of No. 6, King Street, St. James's
Square, in the City of Westminster and County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS."
Sealed the 7th October 1859, and dated the 13th April 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Emery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
April 1859.
I, RICHARD EMERY, of No. 6, King Street, St. James's Square, in the City
of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR COMMON
ROADS," to be as follows, reference being had to the Drawings annexed.
My Invention relates to the form and construction of springs for carriages,
as well as the manner of hanging the bodies and attaching such spring or
springs to the various points, as shewn in the Drawing.
It will be seen by reference to Fig. 1 that the after part of the body is hung
on two springs, one end of which is fastened to the body, and is bent around
& tapering in thickness until the thin end reaches the axis, and is there fastened,
as shewn by the letter B. The spring marked C is also fastened to the body,
while the thin part terminates at the axis.
Figure 2 represents a carriage or what is commonly called a gig on two
wheels, the body of which is hung from two springs B, C, as before described,

page_text: the only difference being that the forward spring C is fastened on at one end
to the shaft, while the thin end is fastened to the axle, at the same time the
forward part of the body is hung with a swivel link to the shaft also.
Claim. The form and construction of the springs, in addition to the mole
of hanging the bodies of carriages to the shaft and axle, or axle alone, as fully
shewn in the Drawings.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Emery in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th October 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, the said
RICHARD EMERY, of Number 6, King Street, St. James' Square, in the City
of Westminster and County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster
the Thirteenth day of April, in the
year of Her reign, did
give and grant unto me, the said Richard Emery, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege, and authority
that I, the said Richard Emery, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times hereafter during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Ireland,
Scotland, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS," in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso that I, the said Richard Emery, shall cause
a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Richard Emery, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, and particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
My Invention consists of improvements in carriages for common roads, and

page_text: relates to the form and construction of springs, as well as the manner of
hanging the bodies and attaching such springs to the body and axle of the
carriage, which are fully shown in the accompanying Drawings, Figures 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, and 6. It will be seen by reference to Figure 1, which is a Drawing
of a carriage with four wheels, that the after part of the body of the vehicle is
attached to the axle of the hind wheels, by means of my improved springs, two
of which are attached to the under side of the body; the spring is strongest
where it is attached to the body, and thinnest where it is attached to the axle
of the carriage. It will be seen by reference to Figures 2 and 3, that b, b,
being the axle, c, c, lugs or projections forming recesses to receive the ends
of the springs d, d, which are attached to the axle by means of a pin passing
through the lugs and the end of the springs at the same time; this forms the
connection between the lower or central part of the body and the back axle of
the carriage. Another connection is made between the back part of the body
at the point e, e, and the axle at b, b, by the curved spring f, f; the thinnest
part, or that portion which will deflect easyest, is also attached to the back
axle at the point c, c, Figure 3, where is also a pin passing through the lugs,
and a hole in the loop of the spring, the after part of the body is hung, and the
connection to the back azle is by the four springs before mentioned. It will
be readily seen that, as the most flexible part of the springs are in contact with
the axle, and are curved and formed in the manner shown in Figures 1 and 5,
that the waves of vibration caused by the rapid succession of shocks which the
axle receives from the wheels while they roll over rough roads, are absorbed
and nearly lost before the waves reach the body of the carriage, thereby
making a perfect and easy motion to the main part of the body of the
carriage. The back springs f, f, are bolted on to the body of the carriage,
and pass through a loop iron at the point g, g, or by means of a series of loop
irons, so constructed as to answer the purpose of auxiliary springs, in addition
to affording means of fastening the main spring to the body of the carriage, as
shown in Figure 6. The form of the loop iron will be seen by reference to
Figure 4. The lower springs also pass through a loop iron at the point h.
The forward part of the carriage may be hung or placed on eliptical or any
other form of springs when a carriage of four wheels; but when a carriage of
two wheels, as shown in Figure 5, the curved or back spring fis fastened on
to the back part of the body at the point e, e, as in the case of the four-wheel
carriage, while the other end of the spring is fastened to the axle. The
spring (a) is fastened to the under side of the shaft, and connected to the
axle by the thin end of the spring, producing the same effect on a two-wheel
as on a four-wheel carriage.

page_text: What I claim as of my Invention is the arrangement and form of springs
for hanging bodies of carriages to the axle, or to the axle and shaft, as is fully
shown in the Drawings, and described in this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Emery, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witnessed by
THо. F. HODGE.
RICHARD EMERY. (L.S.)