IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PREVENTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Sanderson Hall, of the Circus,
Minories, in the City of London, Ship Broker, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PREVENTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Sealed the 19th July 1853, and dated the 25th May 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Sanderson
Hall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 25th May 1853.
I, SAMUEL SANDERSON HALL, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PREVENTING RAIL-
WAY CARRIAGES RUNNING OFF THE RAILS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use and application to railway car-
riages of certain new mechanical arrangements and combinations of
parts, and having for their object the keeping of the flanges of the
wheels of such carriages within the rails. and thereby preventing the

page_text: train from running off the line.
But in order that the nature of this
Invention may be better understood and ascertained, a Drawing is
attached hereto explanatory of this Invention, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Fig. 1, exhibits a side elevation of a piece of mechanism to be
attached to the under side of a railway carriage. Fig. 2, is an end
elevation of such mechanism. Fig. 3, is a top plan view thereof; and
Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, are detached portions thereof, hereafter referred to.
At each of these Figures the same letters of reference are employed
to denote corresponding parts, in so far as such parts appear or can be
seen at each of the Figures respectively. A, A, mark one of the rails upon
which the wheels of the carriages run; B, the under framing of the car-
riage; C, the axle guard; D, the wheel; d, the flange thereof; E, the
axle box, in which the journals of the axles revolve; 11, is a spring of
the ordinary construction, of which there are several, for supporting the
weight of the body of the carriage; 8, is an iron bar attached by straps
19, to the under side of the spring 11; this bar supports one end of
a bar 3, and to the lower end of said bar a piece of flat iron 1, is
attached, said piece being so placed as to run inside of the rails, and
such piece is also formed rounded at the part, so that should the sides
of the rails not be flush with each other. or have sunk or given way a
little on one side, by which the end of one rail would project beyond the
end of the next and adjoining rail against which it abuts, it will appear
evident that but for the piece 1, the flanges of the wheels coming into
contact with such said projecting parts of the rails would be thrown off
the same; this, however, is prevented by the rounded part *, of the
piece 1, as it slides against the inner side of the rails, being gently
pushed on one side, and thereby allowing the flanges of the wheels to
pass clear of the projecting parts of the rails; the bar 3, is retained in
a vertical position by stay rods 9, & 10, through which the bar 3, slides,
for adjusting the height of the plate 1, from the rails by means of the
screw box 6, and screw 13. The piece marked 2, is for the purpose
of cleansing the surface of the rails, or for removing any obstruction

page_text: therefrom. These pieces are shewn in plan at Figs. 4, & 5. It
should be observed, that an important feature in this Invention consists
in so connecting the bar 3, to the carriage as that it does not partake
of the vertical movement of the body thereof. I desire it to be
understood that I have only shewn the foregoing arrangements for the
purpose of assisting the explanation, without in any way limiting or
confining myself to such arrangements, as the same results may be
obtained by other mechanical arrangements.
This Invention consisting in the use and application of a piece of
metal sliding and moving along the inner side of the rails for keeping
the flanges of the wheels within the lines of rails, and thereby to
prevent the carriages from running off.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Sanderson Hall in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 25th November 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
SAMUEL SANDERSON HALL, of the Circus, Minories, in the City of
London, Ship Broker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Sanderson Hall, Her special
licence that I, the said Samuel Sanderson Hall, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Sanderson
Hall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention

page_text: for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PREVENTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES
RUNNING OFF THE RAILS," (a communication.) upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Sanderson Hall, by an in-
strument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Sanderson Hall, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
My Invention consists in the use and application to railway carriages
of certain new mechanical arrangements and combinations of parts,
having for their object the keeping of the flanges of the wheels of such
said carriages within the rails, and thereby preventing the train from
running off the line. In order, however, to explain my said Invention
as completely as possible, I now proceed to describe the best means I
an acquainted with for carrying my said Invention into practical effect,
reference being had to the illustrative Drawing hereunto annexed, and
to the numeral figures and letters of reference marked thereon respec-
tively, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1, exhibits a side elevation of a piece of mechanism to be
attached to the under side of a railway carriage. Figure 2, is an end
elevation of such said mechanism. Figure 3, is a top plan view thereof;
and Figures 4. 5. 6. 7, are detached portions thereof, herein-after referred
to. At each of the foregoing Figures I employ similar letters of
reference to denote corresponding parts, in so far as such parts appear
or can be seen at each of the Figures respectively. A, A, marks one
of the rails upon which the wheels of the carriages run; B, the under
framing of the carriage; C, the axle guard; D, the wheel; d, the
flange thereof; E, the axle box, in which the journals of the axles

page_text: revolve; 11, is a spring of the ordinary construction, of which there
are several, for supporting the weight of the body of the carriage; 8,
is an iron bar attached by straps 12, to the under side of the spring 11:
this bar supports one end of a bar 3, and to the lower end of said bar
a piece of flat iron 1, is attached, said piece being so placed as to run
inside of the rails, and such piece is also formed rounded at the
part so that should the sides of the rails not be flush with each other,
or lave sunk, or given way a little on one side, by which the end of one
rail would project beyond the end of the next and adjoining rail against
which it abuts, it will appear evident that but for the piece 1, the
flanges of the wheels coming into contact with such said projecting parts
of the rails would be thrown off the same; this, however, is prevented by
the rounded part, of the piece 1, as it slides against the inner sides of
the rails, being gently pushed on one side, and thereby allowing the
flanges of the wheels to pass clear of the projecting parts of the rails;
the bar 3, is retained in a vertical position by stay rods 9, and 10,
through which the bar 3, slides, for adjusting the height of the plate 1,
from the rails by means of the screw Box 6, and screw 13. The piece
marked 2, is for the purpose of cleansing the surface of the rails, or for
removing any obstruction therefrom. These pieces are shown in plan at
Figures 4, and 5. It should be observed that an important feature in
this Invention consists in so connecting the the bar 3, to the carriage
as that it does not partake of the vertical movement of the body thereof.
I desire it to be understood that I have only shown the foregoing
arrangements for the purpose of assisting the explanation, without in
any way limiting or confining myself to such arrangements, as the same
results may be obtained by other mechanical arrangements.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be and may be performed, I declare my Inven-
tion to consist in, and I claim the use and application to railway
carriages of, a piece of metal sliding and moving along the inner side or
surface of each of the rails whilst said carriages are in motion, as
herein-before particularly described, set forth, and represented by the
illustrative Drawing hereunto annexed, and for the purpose set forth as

page_text: constituting "Improvements in the Means of Preventing Railway
Carriages Running off the Rails."
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Sanderson Hall, have here-
unto set my band and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
Witness,
ALEX PRINCE,
Patent Agent,
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross.
S. S. HALL. (L.S.)