IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING THE SPRINGS AND OTHER PARTS OF CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES TO LESSEN VIBRATION OR JARRING
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of Chandos Chambers,
Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
" IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING THE SPRINGS AND OTHER PARTS OF
CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES TO LESSEN VIBRATION OR JARRING."-A. com-
munication from abroad by Gustave Anthoni, of Levallois, near
Paris, France.
Sealed the 18th January 1876, and dated the 11th August 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th August 1875.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING THE SPRINGS AND OTHER PARTS OF
CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES TO LESSEN VIBRATION OR JARRING," (a communication
to me from abroad by Gustave Anthoni, of Levallois, near Paris,
France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its general object to establish in carriages or
vehicles a triple suspension, giving elasticity in a vertical tractional and

page_text: transverse sense so as to deaden the shocks arising from inequalities of
the roads or ways over which such carriages or vehicles may be
travelling.
The springs most commonly employed in carriages are effective only in
a vertical sense, horizontal or lateral shocks being transmitted in their
integrity to the carriage, except in the case of carriages with eight
springs, the construction of which is so costly that their use is very
limited.
The triple suspension, according to this Invention, can be accom-
plished in different ways.
One plan is by the interposition of clastic bobbin-shaped tubes or
linings between the cycs and pins of the carriage springs, said clastic
tubes or linings being formed or provided with elastic flanges or washers
which are interposed between the ends of the eyes of the one part of the
spring, and the side cheeks carried by the extremities of the other part
of the spring.
The elastic tubes or linings may be in one part or in two parts, each
provided with one flange, and may be made of any suitable clastic
material, such as leather, gutta percha, caoutchouc, or similar material,
according to the degree of clasticity desired, but in practice caoutchouc
answers the purpose.
The clastic tube or lining may be notched to obviate increasing the
breadth of the eye, which may be made deep enough to prevent the
lining rubbing at the bottom.
To increase the durability of the elastic tube or lining a metal tube
may be interposed between it and the pin, and metal washers between
the clastic flanges and the eye ends and checks.
The Invention relates furthermore to various arrangements of carriage
springs and applications of clastic linings, elastic rings, and elastic
washers, to different kinds of carriage springs, spring shackles, swinging
cheeks, clips or straps, axles, cross bars between the axle boxes and
axle guards of railway carriages, and to other parts of vehicles, for the
purpose of deadening shocks, as above set forth.
transverse
In applying the Invention to patent axles to secure
elasticity the the wheel box is held between two elastic washers.

page_text: In applying elastic linings to the clips or straps of carriage springs
the elastic lining surrounds the axle, which has upon it projections,
against which the flanged ends of the linings abut.
The clastic lining is bounded on three sides by the metal clip or strap
which is bolted to the spring, and connects it to the axle, the upper side
of the elastic lining bearing against the lower plate or block of the
spring.
It is proposed to construct wheels in which elasticity is secured by
interposing bobbin-shaped elastic linings between the box and a rigid
circle in which rest the extremities of the spokes, the flanges of the
lining being between four metal washers. The two interior washers
connected by bolts press against the sides of the spokes, the two exterior
washers are fixed to the box.
It is proposed also in some cases to attach the harness to projecting
parts of those portions of the carriage springs which are attached to
the axles.
It will be obvious that the Invention is susceptible of modification in
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 9th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of Middle-
sex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Lloyd Wise, Her special
licence that I, the said William Lloyd Wise, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Lloyd
Wise, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there.

page_text: after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING THE SPRINGS AND OTHER PARTS OF CARRIAGES
OR VEHICLES TO LESSEN VIBRATION OR JARRING," (a communication to me
from abroad by Gustave Anthoni, of Levallois, near Paris, France,) upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Lloyd Wise,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Lloyd Wisc, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, and the Sheet of Drawings
therein referred to (that is to say) :—
This Invention has for its general object to establish in carriages or
vehicles a triple suspension, giving elasticity in a vertical, tractional,
and transverse sense, so as to deaden the shocks arising from inequalities
of the roads or ways over which such carriages or vehicles may be
travelling.
The springs most commonly employed in carriages are effective only
in a vertical sense, horizontal or lateral shocks being transmitted in their
integrity to the carriage, except in the case of carriages with eight
springs, the construction of which is so costly that their use is very
limited.
The triple suspension, according to this Invention can be accomplished
in different ways.
One plan is by the interposition of clastic bobbin-shaped bushes,
tubes, or linings between the eyes and pins of the carriage springs, said
elastic bushes, tubes, or linings being formed or provided with elastic
flanges or washers which are interposed between the ends of the cyes of
the one part of the spring and the side checks carried by the extremities
of the other part of the spring.

page_text: The clastic bushes, tubes, or linings may be in one part or in two
parts, cach provided with one flange, and may be made of any suitable
clastic material, such as leather, gutta percha, caoutchouc, or similar
material, according to the degree of elasticity desired, but in practice
caoutchouc answers the purpose.
The elastic bush, tube, or lining may be notched to obviate increasing
the breadth of the eye, which may be made deep enough to prevent the
lining rubbing at the bottom.
To increase the durability of the clastic bush, tube, or lining, a metal
tube may be interposed between it and the pin and metal washers
between the elastic flanges and the eye ends and cheeks.
The Invention relates furthermore to various arrangements of carriage
springs and applications of elastic linings, elastic rings, and elastic
washers to different kinds of carriage springs, spring shackles, swinging
cheeks, clips or straps, axles, cross bars between the axle boxes and
axle guards of railway carriages, and to other parts of vehicles for the
purpose of deadening shocks, as above set forth.
In applying the Invention to patent axles to secure transverse
elasticity, the wheel box is held between two clastic washers.
In applying elastic linings to the clips or straps of carriage springs
the elastic lining surrounds the axle, which bas upon it projections
against which the flanged ends of the linings abut.
The elastic lining is bounded on three sides by the metal clips or strap,
which is bolted to the spring and connects it to the axle, the upper side
of the elastic lining bearing against the lower plate or block of the
spring.
It is proposed to construct wheels in which elasticity is secured by
interposing bobbin shaped elastic linings between the box and a rigid
circle, in which rest the extremities of the spokes, the flanges of the
lining being between four metal washers. The two interior washers
connected by bolts press against the sides of the spokes, the two exterior
washers are fixed to the box.
It is proposed also in some cases to attach the harness to projecting
parts of those portions of the carriage springs which are attached to the
axles.

page_text: It will be obvious that the Invention is susceptible of modification in
various ways without departing from its distinguishing characteristics.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of part of a double carriage
spring in which a bobbin-shaped bush or lining made in two parts of an
elastic substance is inserted in the elliptic ends of the double spring, in
such a manner as to completely isolate from each other the two portions
of the spring; Fig. 2 is a plan of the under side of the spring; and
Fig. 3, a horizontal section.
In these Figures A represents the axle or bearing spring which
terminates in the eye D; and B, the upper portion of the double spring
terminating in the ears E.
It is easy to comprehend, by an inspection of the Drawing, that
shocks caused by the unevenness of the ground either in a horizontal
direction, a vertical direction, or in the direction of the traction will be
transmitted in their entirety to the axle or bearing spring A and to the
eye D, and that their effect will be deadened either by the cylindrical
portion C of the clastic bush or lining or by the flanges G, in such a
manner that the upper portion B and its ears E cannot be influenced by
these shocks or transmit them to the carriage, which will thus be in the
most perfect state of suspension.
The bush or lining may be made of any suitable elastic substance,
leather, gutta percha, india-rubber, or other similar material, according
to the degree of clasticity that may be desired; in practice india-rubber
will be found to answer well.
Fig. 3 shews the elastic bush or lining in two parts, each being
composed of a tubular portion having a circular flange at one end; but
the lining may be all in one piece, of tubular form, its two ends being
turned outwards into positions corresponding to the flanges shewn; or a
flange may be formed at one end and the other end be turned up, as
just explained, in lieu of a second flange.
The flanges or turned up parts act as washers, and in the arrange
shewn in Fig. 3 the india-rubber bush or lining with washers formed in
a piece with each half tube affords an elasticity in the joint, which
increases the yielding of the spring in a high degree.
In order not to increase the width of the jaw (of the elliptic end) the
eye may be recessed to receive the end of the bush or lining. The

page_text: In the two seated vis-a-vis, Fig. 18, the hind "carriage" is mounted
framewise with four springs having double bends connected by
shackles.
66
The "fore carriage" is fitted with springs with double bends. The
two cross springs support in their middle the top fore carriage" or
bed without coupling, with patent disc and with double hoop (Fig. 19).
The superstructure of the fore carriage is of ordinary construction.
The traction is from the points R, R; and with this arrangement triple
suspension is completely obtained by the springs.
The "fore carriage" may be of the form shewn in Fig. 20; the top
carriage or bed is placed in the direction of the length of the vehicle.
These same fittings may be applied in conjunction with ordinary
springs furnished with india-rubber linings or bushes, and connected by
shackles.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
of carrying it into practical effect, as communicated to me as aforesaid,
I hereby declare what I consider to be novel and original and therefore
claim as secured to me under the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent to be,―
1st. The application to carriages or vehicles of the herein described
system of triple suspension, consisting in the adaptation to elliptical
springs having jaws to shackles (single and double), to axles, and to the
naves of wheels, of bushes or linings and washers of india-rubber or
other elastic substance, as herein-above set forth.
2ndly. The combination of parts constituting the improved carriage
spring, constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as shewn in
and described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawings.
3rdly. The combination with the axle and box of the elastic
washers R and R', the whole being constructed and arranged sub-
stantially as shewn in and described with reference to Fig. 8 of the
Drawings.
4thly. The combination of parts shewn in and described with reference
to Figs. 9 and 9* of the Drawings, for the purpose specified.
5thly. The particular arrangements of carriage springs having elastic
bushes or linings, described with reference respectively to Fig. 10,

page_text: Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 14*, Fig. 15, Figs. 16 and 17,
and Figs. 18, 19, and 20, of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
six.