IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sir David Salomons of Broomhill Tunbridge Wells in the
County of Kent Baronet for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC
LAMPS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sir David Salomons at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1882.
Sir DAVID SALOMONS of Broomhill, Tunbridge Wells, in the County of Kent,
Baronet IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
The Invention has for its object improvements in electric lamps.
In carrying my improvements into effect the lamp may be arranged to produce
light either in vacuo, or in any suitable gas or in the air and the light may be
protected by a glass globe, tube, cylinder or other shaped glass or other transparent
semi-transparent or opaque mineral or other covering, cither in contact with the
incandescent substance giving light or leaving a space around it; or giving light
indirectly through heating the covering or coverings as aforesaid in contact with
or in close proximity to the incandescent substance.
The incandescent substance may fill a small bored space or a space of any
convenient shape and size formed in any suitable transparent, semi-transparent or
opaque material of a fusible or other character.
The incandescent substance may consist of carbon powder, or solid carbon
enclosed in tubes or other covering of metal such metal being either a conductor or
a non-conductor, the carbon powder or solid carbon may be mixed with any other
conducting or non-conducting substance in powder, fibres or otherwise; or the
incandescent substance may consist of a tube or any other shaped hollow or solid
conducting or non-conducting body, or it may consist of a ball or other shaped
piece of wood charred or carbonized or it may consist of a conductor or non-
conductor deposited chemically, electrically or otherwise in or on a matrix or form
which may be either a conductor or non-conductor and which may remain for use
or be removed; in the event of the matrix or form being retained in the interior
or on the exterior of the incandescent substance it may require special arrange-
ments for allowing for expansion when the substance upon it is incandescent such,

page_text: for instance as being formed hollow, or hollow and split and the incandescent
substance around such matrix or form may also require to be split or otherwise
treated or to be of larger internal diameter or of larger volume than the matrix or
form, to allow for expansion and contraction of both itself and the matrix or form.
The Invention also relates to methods of burning carbon or other material arc
lamps or lights in vacuo.
When producing the are light in vacuo the conducting wires may enter the
vacuum chamber and there terminate in the carbons or other substance which
latter may be placed opposite to and at a short distance from each other, or they
may pass each other leaving a short space between them, and their ends may
terminate within the vacuum chamber or they may pass entirely across the vacuum
chamber and their ends be sealed at opposite sides thereof or one carbon or other
substance at one pole and a sphere of carbon or other substance at the other or a
sphere at each pole may be enclosed within the vacuum chamber.
The following are examples of the method in which this part of my Invention
may be carried into effect'
I may use a plated stone or porcelain sphere or a series of the same, the wires
being attached to poles. Or I may use a flat piece of non-conducting material
plated, the electric current passing to each side' thereof, or a drawn tube of
platinum filled with carbon and powdered glass or a thin spiral or straight metal
tube unfilled with material.
Or a glass or other transparent or semi-transparent sphere coated say with
carbon on the interior and a vacuum within or filled with nitrogen gas and wires
melted through glass or other sphere at poles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Sir David Salomons in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th September 1882.
Sir DAVID SALOMONS of Broomhill Tunbridge Wells in the County of Kent,
Baronet
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
"
The Invention has for its object improvements in electric lamps
In carrying my improvements into effect the lamp may be arranged to produce
light either in vacuo or in any suitable gas or in the air and the light may be
protected by a glass globe, tube, cylinder or other shaped glass or other transparent,
semi-transparent or opaque mineral or other covering, either in contact with the
incandescent substance giving light or leaving a space around it, or giving light
indirectly through heating the covering or coverings as aforesaid in contact with
or in close proximity to the incandescent substance. The incandescent substance
may fill a small bored space or a space of any convenient shape and size formed in
any suitable transparent, semitransparent; or opaque material of a fusible or other
character,
i

page_text: The incandescent substance may consist of carbon powder, or solid carbon
enclosed in tubes or other covering of metal such metal being either a conductor or
a non conductor, the carbon powder or solid carbon may be mixed with any other
conducting or nonconducting substance in powder, fibres, or otherwise; or the
incandescent substance may consist of a tube or any other shaped hollow or solid
conducting or non conducting body, or it may consist of a ball or other shaped
piece of wood charred or carbonized or it may consist of a conductor or non
conductor deposited chemically electrically or otherwise in or on a matrix or form
which may be either a conductor or non conductor and which may remain for use,
or be removed, or dissolved out, in the event of the matrix or form being retained
in the interior or on the exterior of the incandescent substance, it may require
special arrangements for allowing for expansion when the substance upon it is
incandescent such for instance as being formed hollow or hollow and split; and the
incandescent substance around such matrix or form may also require to be split or
otherwise treated or to be of larger internal diameter or of larger volume than the
matrix or form to allow for expansion and contraction of both itself and the
matrix or form.
The invention also relates to methods of burning carbon or other material arc
lamps or lights in vacuo.
When producing the arc light in vacuo the conducting wires may enter the
vacuum chamber and there terminate in the carbons or other substance which
latter may be placed opposite to and at a short distance from each other or they
may pass each other leaving a short space between them and their ends may
terminate within the vacuum chamber or they may pass entirely across the vacuum
chamber and their ends be sealed at opposite sides thereof or one carbon or other
substance at one pole and a sphere of carbon or other substance at the other or a
sphere at each pole may be enclosed within the vacuum chamber.
The following are examples of the method in which this part of my invention
may be carried into effect.
I may use a stone plated with any suitable metal, or porcelain sphere or a series
of the same the wires-being attached to poles. Or I may use a flat piece of non
conducting material plated with any suitable metal the electric current passing to
each side thereof, or a drawn tube of platinum filled with carbon and powdered
glass or a thin spiral or straight metal tube unfilled with material. Or a glass or
other transparent or semi-transparent sphere coated say with carbon on the interior
and a vacuum within or filled with Nitrogen gas and wires melted through glass
or other sphere at poles.
And in order that my said invention may be more clearly understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed aided by the accompanying Drawings more fully
to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents an electric lamp constructed according to my invention-
a. a is a glass tube of any suitable size and proportions; in the interior of this
glass tube is a stick or block of baked pipe clay b coated about one millimetre
thick with a composition c formed, for example, of equal weights of plumbago,
charcoal powder and sugár a platinum wire d is fixed in each end of the parts b. c
and the entire is subjected to a white heat in a closed vessel for about 6 hours, the
glass tube a a is sealed around the wires d d and it is exhausted by a "Sprengle"
pump.
Figure 2 represents another arrangement constructed according to my invention
-a is a glass tube closed at each end with a cork a¹-in the interior of this glass
tube a is a stick or block of baked pipe clay inside a cylinder c of platinum about
1 millimetre larger diameter internally than the pipe or block b of fire clay-a
wire d is fixed in each end of the parts b, c and projects outside the tube a through
the corks a¹

page_text: Figure 3 represents another arrangement constructed according to my invention
- is a glass tube-b is a block or stick of opal glass of any suitable size and pro-
portions which is placed inside a cylinder c of carbon the internal diameter of
which is about 2 millimetres more than the opal block or stick-platinum wires d. d
are passed through the ends of the tube a which is sealed around such wires and
the tube a is exhausted by a "Sprengle" pump. The carbon cylinder is made
by moulding soft blotting paper into the required shape and subjecting it to a white
heat in a closed vessel for about 6 hours.
-a
Figure 4 represents another arrangement constructed according to my invention
a is a glass tube- d are platinum wires sealed into each end of the
tube a.
At the centre of the tube a is a cylinder b of quartz filled with a compo-
sition of, for example, equal parts of charcoal and plumbago into which the platinum
wires d d are fixed-the tube a is exhausted of air.
Figure 5 represents another arrangement constructed according to my invention
-a is the glass tube or bulb-d. d are two platinum wires sealed into its sides-
In the centre of the bulb or tube a is a sphere e of quartz with a channel e¹ bored
therethrough which is filled with a composition of for example, equal parts of
plumbago and charcoal,-the tube a is exhausted of air.
Figure 6 represents another arrangement constructed according to my invention
-a is a glass tube- d is a thick platinum wire sealed into the ends of the tube a
and thinned down at the centre to about a quarter the diameter which thin part
is coated with a composition of equal weights of plumbago, charcoal and sugar-
the tube a is exhausted of air.
Figure 7 represents another arrangement constructed according to my invention
-In this arrangement a is a glass bulb or tube-dd are platinum wires sealed into
each end of a and one of such wires terminates in a ball f of carbon, the other in a
thick point f the bulb or tube a is exhausted of air.
Figure 8 represents another arrangement constructed according to my invention.
In this arrangement a is a glass bulb or tube-d d are two platinum wires sealed
into each end of the bulb or tube a-a stick f² of carbon being connected to the
end of each wire d and fastened to the opposite ends of the bulb or tube u by wires
d. d as shown-The bulb or tube a is exhausted of air *
Having thus described the nature of my said invention and the mode in which I
carry the same into effect I would have it understood that what I claim is, the
improved construction of electric lamps substantially as herein shown and
described.
In witness whereof I the said Sir David Salomons have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Eleventh day of July One thousand eight hundred
and eighty two.
DAVID L SALOMONS. (L.S.)