IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH CENTRIFUGAL MACHINERY
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR CONNECTED WITH CENTRIFUGAL MACHINERY."-A communication.
Sealed the 7th October 1856, and dated the 22nd April 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd April 1856.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH CENTRIFUGAL MACHINERY," (communicated
to me by a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in a method of driving the shaft of centrifugal
machines by means of levers, or by a gin or horse gear, acting directly on
toothed wheels in gear therewith, whereby the employment of angle gearing,
or of independent means of obtaining and transmitting motion, is dispensed
with, the consequent loss of power by friction avoided, and space economized.
The annexed Drawings exemplify the manner of carrying my Invention into
effect, Figure 1 being a plan of a centrifugal machine actuated by levers;
Figure 2, an elevation partly in section, and Figure 3, section through pinion
2 and wheel 8, shewing how it is fixed to frame H, and the mode of lubri

page_text: cation. A is the shaft; B, B', levers actuating the crank b, and so arranged
that when one lever is at its dead point the other may be in the position in
which it exerts its greatest power, so that a continuous action is kept up.
Motion is transmitted to the centrifugal machine by the toothed wheels 1,2,3,4,
which, as also the fulcra of the levers, are immersed in a vessel containing oil
or other lubricating material, whereby the parts become perfectly lubricated.
D is an apparatus for throwing the wheels out of gear; the wheels 1, 2, and 3
are connected with this apparatus, and by moving it these wheels are brought
nearer to or further from the wheel 4, and thus brought in or out of gear
with it, according as it may be desired to work or stop the machinery. C is a
spring for keeping D in place; E, E, connecting rods for transmitting motion
from the levers B, B', to the wheel 1; F, break for stopping the machine
when the wheels 1, 2, 3, are disengaged from the wheel 4. The levers are
centered at the point G, G', in the frame H. J is a flange which prevents the
lubricating material from falling into the machine. The lines K, K', indicate
the stroke of the levers. I is the vessel in which are placed the substances to
be operated upon; L, general casing to which the frame H and wheel 1 are
bolted.
Figures 4 and 5 shew a similar machine fitted with gin. or gear, which may
be worked by manual or horse power. B is the arm or lever; 1, main driving
wheel turning on its axis a. The lever B drives the drum of the machine
through the toothed wheels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6; the lever may be simple or
double. The lubricating material used for the bearing and collars of the shaft.
of the machine serves also for the bearing at the bottom of the shaft by solder-
ing a funnel to the shaft and fitting thereto a tube placed in a groove in the
shaft. When horses are employed to work the gin, a spring is connected to
each trace to prevent them from jarring the machinery.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st October 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,

page_text: did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH CENTRIFUGAL MACHINERY," communi-
cated to me by a foreigner residing abroad, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my my executors or
adminstrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in a method of and arrangements for driving the
shaft of centrifugal machinery by means of levers or arms, or by means of a
gin or horse gear acting directly on toothed wheels in gear with the shaft,
instead of employing bevil gearing or independent means of obtaining and
transmitting motion, thereby avoiding loss by friction and economizing space.
The improvements also include the use of a break for stopping the machine,
and arrangements for lubricating the bearings and other parts in which the
lubricating material is prevented from falling into the substances under treat-
ment, and the machinery is so arranged as to be readily taken to pieces for
purposes of repair.
The manner in which the Invention is carried into effect is exemplified in
the annexed Drawings.
Figure 1 is a plan of a centrifugal machine driven by means of levers;.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the same; and Figure 3 a section through
two of the wheels, shewing the socket and oil cup. A is the shaft; B, B', are
levers actuating the crank b, and so contrived that when one lever, as B, for
example, is at its dead point, the other lever B' is in the position in which it

page_text: exerts its greatest action, and vice versâ, so that by these means a continuous
action is kept up. Motion is transmitted to the centrifugal machine by means
of toothed wheels 1, 2, 3, 4, which, as also the axes of the levers B, B', 'work
in a vessel containing oil or other lubricating material, which is thrown on or
over the sockets, &c., by the action of these parts, and falls back into the oi!
vessel when the machine stops, and thus the parts are continuously lubricated.
D is a contrivance for throwing the levers out of gear with the centrifugál
machine; C is a spring for keeping the contrivance D in place. The wheels
1, 2, and 3, are connected with the apparatus D, and by moving it those wheels
are brought to or from the wheel 4, and are thus thrown in or out of gear
with it according as it may be desired to work or stop the machine. E, E',
are connecting rods for transmitting the action of the levers B, B¹, to the
wheel 1; F is a break for stopping the machine when the wheels 1, 2, and 3,
are disengaged from the wheel 4. A flange is provided for preventing the
lubricating material from falling into the machine. The levers are centered at
G, G, in the frame H. The lines K, K', indicate the stroke of the levers.
L is the outer casing of the machine, to which the frame H is bolted; I is the
vessel containing the substances to be operated upon. The stud of the wheel 1
is secured to the top of the casing for additional strength.
Figure 4 is an elevation, and Figure 5, a plan, of a similar machine worked
by gin or gear actuated by manual or animal labour. B is the lever or arm
through which the action is communicated, and which is fixed directly to the
toothed wheels. The driving wheel 1 is mounted on a shaft a, which revolves
in a step or socket at bottom; at top this shaft works in a journal placed
directly over the wheel, which prevents the wheel from oscillating. The lever
B transmits motion to the shaft of the centrifugal machine by means of toothed
gearing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. F is the break; and D, disengaging apparatus.
A double lever may be employed if preferred. A funnel may be soldered to
the shaft, and a tube placed in a groove in the shaft fitted thereto, by which
means the lubricating material used for the journal and collars of the shaft
may serve also for lubricating the bearing or step at bottom. When horses
are employed to work the gin, a spring is connected to each trace in order to
prevent them from jarring the machinery.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the improved method of and arrangements for driving centrifugal
machinery by means of levers or arms, gin or horse gear, directly connected
with toothed wheels, as herein-before described with reference to the Drawings
annexed.

page_text: Secondly, the employment of a break, as herein-before described.
And, thirdly, the arrangements for lubricating the parts herein-before
described and represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of October, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)