Improvements in Machines for Generating the Teeth of Bevel Gears.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 8th July, 1898-Accepted, 24th Sept., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Generating the Teeth of Bevel Gears.
A communication by THE LELAND AND FAULCONER MANUFACTURING COMPANY,
a corporation duly organized under the laws of the State of Michigan, and
domiciled at Detroit, County of Wayne, and State of Michigan, United States
of America.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester,
both in the County of Lancaster, 118, New Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, and 322, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has for its object a novel process and machine for forming or
generating the teeth of bevel gears. The invention more particularly, has in view
the generation of bevel gears for chainless bicycles, although I do not limit myself
solely thereto.
It is well understood that great difficulty has heretofore been experienced in
accurately and economically forming bevel gears, especially for this purpose.
That the teeth of bevel gears cannot be accurately milled has heretofore been
pointed out as a very serious obstacle to the practical success of gears of this class
in supplanting the chain driven gear.
It is well understood that it has been customary to form and accurately finish
the teeth of bevel gears from iron or soft steel, and then to subject the gears to
the proper hardening process, but it has been found that however perfect the teeth
may have been formed and finished in the soft metal, when these gears have been
subjected to the process of heating and hardening, the required accuracy and
perfection has been destroyed and the working faces or surfaces of the teeth are
not concentric with the axis of the gears and the spacing and form of the teeth
are untrue and imperfect, and consequently useless for the purposes above men-
tioned. This invention, however, contemplates forming the gears approximately
correct by ordinary means in soft steel or in the soft iron, and then correcting both
the original errors in the form of teeth cut by milling cutters or other means, and
the errors resulting from forming and hardening them, and by this means to
generate bevel gears that shall be perfect and true after being hardened, and thus
securing a product heretofore unknown to the art. It is obvious that after the
gears have been properly hardened, a milling tool or other ordinary means com-
monly used in forming the teeth of bevel gears can no longer be employed in the
correction of the errors above mentioned, so that other means nuust be found,
adapted to correcting and truing the gears after they have been hardened, in order
to carry out our improved process. I accomplish this result by means of a suitable
grinding wheel adapted to act upon the hardened gears in such a manner as to
correct all errors in the teeth, after the gears have been hardened, and so render

page_text: economy and
the completed goors purfoot thorahy provonting wasto promating
securing superior utility and efficiency and rendering the application of bevel gears
to bicycles more practicable and satisfactory than has heretofore been the case.
To these ends, my invention consists of the process and mechanism herein
described and claimed and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a side elevation.
L
securing superior utility and efficiency and rendering the application of bevel gears
to bicycles more practicable and satisfactory than has heretofore been the case.
To these ends, my invention consists of the process and mechanism herein
described and claimed and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which―
Figure 1 is a side elevation.
is a plan view.
Fig. 3 is a rear elevation.
Fig. 4 is a detail view in elevation of the indexing mechanism.
Fig. 5 is a detail view in side elevation of the same.
Fig. 6 is a detail view in pian illustrating the same.
Fig. 7 is a view of the cam for moving the grinding wheel toward and away
from the gear.
Fig. 8 an enlarged front elevation showing the slide that carries the grinding
wheel.
Fig. 9 is a view in section on the line 9-9, Figure 8.
Fig. 10 is a detail view showing the former and mechanism contacting therewith.
Fig. 11 is a view of the same at right angles to Figure 10.
Fig. 12 is an inverted plan of the same.
Fig. 13 is a detail view of the cam for reciprocating the grinding wheel.
Fig. 14 is a detail view illustrating the changed position of the grinding wheel
to grind on the adjacent faces of the two adjacent teeth."
Fig. 15 is a detail view showing devices for locking the micrometer screws R².
Fig. 16 is an enlarged plan view of the device for holding the former against
the roll.
Fig. 17 is an enlarged view of the same in side elevation.
Fig. 18 is a detail view in elevation showing the device for setting or testing
the adjustment of the grinding wheel.
Fig. 19 is a plan view of the same.
Fig. 20 is a view looking at either end of the slot R to more fully illustrate the
manner in which the projecting tongue 4 projects in said slot.
In the drawings, A represents any suitable support or frame. B denotes an
arbor to carry a bevel gear, indicated at B. The gear is held upon the arbor in
any suitable manner. The arbor B is engaged in a spindle 12 in any suitable
manner. For example, said spindle may be constructed with an orifice to receive
the adjacent end of the arbor, as indicated by the dotted lines at B', Figure 1.
B3 is an index plate to space the teeth, said plate carried on the spindle B2, and by
means of which said spindle with the arbor is rotated step by step. The spindle and
arbor are given a rocking movement by means of an oscillatory arm B6, carrying
at its outer end a former 17, said former being an enlarged reproduction or
pattern approximating the form of a correct tooth upon the gear, or so shaped
as to give a correct form to the teeth of the gear in the operation of the machine.
The bearing B5 of the spindle B2 is provided with forks b, b, at its forward end,
said forks fulcrumed, as indicated at b, in line with the cone center of the gear,
and cone center being indicated at the intersection of the dotted lines in Figure 2,
as at Q. The bearing B is also carried rearward toward the opposite end of the
spindle 133, as shown more particularly in Figure 1. The rear end of the bear-
ing B is secured in any suitable manner upon a quadrant 18, as by bolts bª,
entering a T-shaped slot 64 in the quadrant. The quadrant 138 is formed with a
guide arm B10 in which the outer end of the lever D is guided, as indicated more
particularly in Fig. 2. The guide arm B10 is shown provided with a gib 65.
The support or frame A is shown provided with brackets, indicated at a, upon
which said forks are fulcrumed. By this means, the arbor is oscillated upon said
fulcrum points b¹, as may be required to bring gears of different sizes and angles
into proper position.
C is a rotatable grinding wheel made of any suitable material and having a

page_text: reciprocatory movement on the cone line of the gear. C₁ is the shaft of the
grinding wheel which may be driven by any suitable device, as by a pulley C³
thereupon actuated from any suitable source of power.
and
pro-
The
D is a lever made oscillatory on line with the cone center of the gear
vided with a slide D' carrying the grinding wheel. Said lever is pivoted, as
indicated at d, in line with the cone center of the gear, and is provided with
ways in which a slide D¹ carrying the grinding wheel reciprocates.
slide D' is provided with a suitable housing D³ to carry the shaft C of the grinding.
wheel. To reciprocate the slide D carrying the grinding wheel on the cone
line of the gear, any suitable means may be provided, as a cam E, upon a rotatable
shaft which is driven by a pulley Es which may be belted with any suitable
Bource of power, as with a counter shaft. The slide D₁ is provided with a cam
roll projecting into a suitable cam groove e of the cam E, shown in Figure 13.
The lever D carrying the slide and the grinding wheel is also given an oscillatory
movement to carry the grinding wheel toward and away from the bevel gear,
as for example, when the gear is to be rotated. This oscillatory movement may be
accomplished in any suitable manner, as by a cam F upon a shaft f, the cam F
being indicated in detail in Figure 7. The lever D is provided with a cam roll
projecting into a cam groove fl of the cam F. The shaft f is preferably actuated
by a gear F1 meshing with a pinion F2 upon a shaft f2, which latter shaft may be
driven in any suitable manner, as by a pulley F³, which may be belted to a.
counter shaft. The pinion F is interposed to reduce the speed of the shaft f
and cam F.
D is an oscillatory arm pivoted as indicated at d, upon an extended portion
of the lever D, said arm D³ carrying a roll, indicated at D', said roll contacting
with the former B. As the outer end of the lever D adjacent to the former is
carried downward or toward the spindle B2 by means of the cam F, as herein before
described, the roll D will travel about the edge of the former, giving a corre-
sponding oscillatory movement to the arm B6, and a rocking movement to the
spindle B. By this means, it will be evident that the tooth being operated upon
by the grinding wheel, will be given a rocking movement to secure the proper
curvature of the tooth in the action of the grinding wheel thereupon. It will be
understood that the grinding wheel contacts with the tooth, in operation on the
edge of the wheel, as indicated in Figure 14, for example, and by thus rocking the
gear the proper curvature to each tooth will thereby be secured in a perfect
manner.
The parts are so arranged that the roll I will always contact with the former
on a line passing through the cone center, said line being indicated by the single
arrow head. As the parts are located in the machine illustrated in the drawings,
this line is in a vertical plane. It might, however, be in any other desired plane.
It will be evident from Figure 3, for example, that when the end of the lever D
is lifted so as to carry the grinding wheel away from the gear, the arm 13 with
the roll D will be carried into position, indicated in dotted lines in Figure 3,
the roll D being in position whereby the operator may oscillate the arm D³ to
either side the line, indicated by the single arrow head, so as to contact as it
descends with either edge of the former, the former being rocked when the roll D'
is lifted, so that its outer point will be on said line, thereby the grinding wheel
may be guided to act on either side of a given tooth, as may be desired.
The center of the arbor carrying the gear is also on the line, indicated by the
single arrow head, as is also the contacting or grinding edge of the grinding wheel.
It will be observed that the spindle carrying the index plate B3 also has its center
on said line. When the roll D is lifted, a step by step rotation is given to the
spindle B2 and the arbor carried thereby to turn the gear 11 from one tooth space
'to another. When so moved, the index plate is locked in its relation to the former.
The index plate is spaced or toothed accurately on its periphery, as shown, to
correspond with gears having the same number of teeth or multiples thereof,
the index plate being interchangeable on the spindle B³, so that an index plate

page_text: corresponding to any given gear to be formed may be engaged upon said spindle.
The index plate is provided with a ratchet wheel, indicated at G, with which
engages a pawl G₁ to give rotation to said plate. The pawl is carried by a bar Ga
having an adjustable engagement upon a slide G³, as indicated at g. The slide G³
reciprocates upon a guide G4 carried by or integral with the bearing B³. The
slide G³ is actuated by a lever H fulcrumed to the bearing 135, as indicated at h,
its opposite end engaging a collar H₁ upon a shaft H³ forming the pivot for the
adjacent portion of the forks b of said bearing, and upon which pivots the adjacent
portion of said fork is fulcrumed, as indicated at b₁, as herein before described.
The longitudinal center of the shaft H2 is on a line passing through the cone
center of the gear, which line is indicated in the drawings by the double arrow
heads and intersects at the cone center the line indicated by the single arrow head.
Engaging said collar H is an additional lever H3 which is fulcrumed, as shown
at 1, to the support A, the opposite end of the lever H³ engaging a cam groove j
of a cam Jengaged upon the shaft f which carries the cam F. The cam F is
provided with a concentric portion, as shown in Figure 7, the parts being so
arranged that when the cam F is raised, the adjacent end of the lever D and the
cam roll of said lever will ride in said concentric portion of the cam groove, during
which time, obviously, the lever is at rest, meanwhile the cam J actuates tlie
lever H³ shifting the collar H on the shaft H2, thereby shifting the lever H and
actuating the slide G³ to actuate the pawl G to correspondingly actuate the ratchet
wheel G. The opposite movement of the related parts will, of course, retract the
slide G³ and the pawl G¹. To regulate the throw of the pawl or its engagement
with the ratchet wheel, a governing slide gl may be employed which may be
carried by the guide G. The slide g₁ may be held in place by a screw, and may
be so adjusted that when the pawl is retracted it will lift the pawl out of engage-
ment with the ratchet wheel, and will, obviously, prevent the pawl from engaging
the ratchet wheel in the opposite movement thereof until the end of the pawl has
passed beyond the end of said slide. In this manner, the engagement of the pawl
with the ratchet wheel may be governed as may be desired to throw the ratchet
wheel to approximately the correct position.
To accurately locate the index plate, a plunger K is provided to engage any given
space upon the periphery of the index plate. The adjacent end of said plunger
is shown wedge-shaped so as to readily engage a given space upon said plate. The
plunger is carried by an arm K¹ sleeved upon the spindle 132, and upon which
arm the former arm B36 is secured, as by bolts k. The former arm B with its
former is made interchangeable, as a different shaped former will be required
on different gears, and by uniting the former arm B6 to the arm K it may readily
be interchanged as desired. The plunger K may be actuated in the following
manner:
L is an oscillatory arm fulcrumed as at 7 upon the slide G³, said arm formed
with a projecting cam flange portion 1. L2 denotes a bell crank, fulcrumed as
at to the guide G. The bell crank L2 is provided at one extremity with a
shoulder to engage the can flange . The opposite end of the bell crank is
engaged with a plunger bar K². As shown in Figure 6, the plunger K and the
plunger bar K2 have a toothed engagement the one with the other, in such a
manner that as the plunger bar K2 is reciprocated in the actuation of the bell
crank L, the plunger K may be forced out of engagement, with the index plate,
a retracting spring K³ restoring the plunger into engagement with the index
plate. It will also be observed that the toothed engagement of the plunger with
the plunger bar is such that when the arm K¹ is oscillated by means of the
plunger arm B6, the plunger K may readily ride out of engagement with the
plunger bar K, the plunger remaining in locked position in relation to the index
plate. A spring K serves to retract the plunger bar K2 into normal position.
Adjusting nuts K³ bearing against a bracket K6 serve to adjust the position of the
plunger bar. As the oscillatory arm L is reciprocated or carried backward and
forward upon the slide G³, the shoulder upon one movement of the slide L will,
24

page_text: obviously, ride under the cam flange and there past, the opposite movement of
the arm L causing the shoulder to ride upon the upper or opposite edge of the
cam flange 1. In the position shown in Figure 4, the first movement of the
slide G will obviously cause the shoulder to ride under the cam flange, thereby
tilting the slide L without actuating the bell crank. After the arm L has retracted
beyond the shoulder, the opposite movement of the slide G³ will cause the
shoulder to ride upon the upper edge of the can flange, thereby tilting the bell
crank L³ to retract the plunger bar K³ and the plunger K. A spring
to retract the arm L.
serves
The arm K preferably has a divided bearing on a sleeve or bushing B upon the
spindle 132, said sleeve or bushing having a fixed engagement with the bearing B.
A spring g³ serves to keep the pawl G₁ into normal engagement with the ratchet G.
In order to removably engage the index plate in place upon the spindle 18, said
spindle may be provided with a flange, indicated at M. The ratchet wheel G may
be formed, as of a ring, integral with the index plate to set over the flange M.
The index plate is also provided with a suitable number of arc-shaped slots,
indicated at m, through which screws m¹ may be passed engaging the index plate
with the flange M. By removing said screws, the plate with its ratchet wheel
or ring may readily be detached from the spindle. By means of said arc-shaped
slot, also the index plate when applied to the flange M, may be turned into proper
position to align the teeth of the index plate with the teeth of the gear to be ground.
When the arm D³ has been adjusted into desired position, as hereinbefore
described, it may be locked upon the projecting end of the lever arm D by means
of a suitable latch or spring plunger, indicated at d.
By making the cam E, as indicated in Figure 13, with a heart-shaped cam
groove e, the slide upon the lever D) carrying the grinding wheel will be recipro-
cated with uniform speed. The oscillatory arm is guided as shown at din its
oscillation upon a gib secured upon the lever D. Upon the end of the lever D
adjacent to the arm D³ are engaged stop plates N which may be secured in place
by screws n. The arm D³ is provided with a pin, indicated at N' to contact with
the stop plates N. As the arm D³ is shifted upon either side of the former, as
hereinbefore explained, the stop N striking against the corresponding stop plate N
will bring the periphery of the roll D4 upon the line indicated by the single arrow
head, hereinbefore described.
To keep the former in contact with the roll D, and to bring the point of the
former to a central position on a line passing through the cone center when the
roll is not acting thereupon, any suitable means may be provided, as for example,
the uide P secured to the frame of the machine and carrying slides P1, P2, each of
said slides carrying a sheave 7. P is a connecting rod suitably connected at one
end with the arm of the former, and at the other end with a sliding stud p³ recipro-
catory in said guide and arranged to contact with either of said slides, and thereby
actuate said slides in a corresponding direction. To one of the slides is attached
a cord P, said cord running over said sheaves and attached at its opposite end
to a spring, as indicated at P³. Obviously, a weight might be substituted for the
spring, if desired. Po is a stop located intermediate the ends of the guide between
the adjacent ends of said slides to limit the inward movements of said slides. When
the former is moved away from the line passing through the cone center in either
direction, the connecting rod P³ will be moved in a corresponding direction causing
the sliding stud p¹ to contact with the corresponding slide to move said slide and
take up the cord. In so doing, the spring is obviously extended, and when
extended will retract the corresponding slide when free to move.
In this manner,
the former will be held properly in contact with said roll, and on said center line
when the roll is out of contact therewith.
The front end of the slide D¹ is provided with a transverse guide 10, upon
which is a laterally reciprocatory cross head R in sliding engagement therewith,
said cross head constructed with a hub r.
R is a guide carrying the housing D³, hereinbefore mentioned, which housing
carries the grinding wheel. The cross head R is limited in its travel by means of

page_text: stop screws R2, the same being preferably micrometer adjusting screws to accu-
rately limit the lateral adjustment of the grinding wheel carried by said housing,
so as to bring the cutting edge of the grinding wheel upon the center line,
indicated by the single arrow head passing through the cone center of the gear.
The screws R are locked in their adjustment in any suitable manner, as by means
of plugs engaging the threads of said screws, locking screws being engaged
upon said plugs. By this means, the grinding wheel may be laterally adjusted
with greatest accuracy.
The ends of the micrometer screws preferably enter
recesses in the hub of the cross head, said recesses forming a housing to protect
the points of the micrometer screws against any foreign matter that might prevent
the accurate adjustment of the cross head.
R is a bolt securing the guide R¹ to the cross head R. Said cross head is
formed with an arc-shaped slot R through which the bolt R* passes. The
guide has projecting tongues » projecting into the arc-shaped slot R. Fig. 20.
By this means, the guide R may be tilted in the arc of a circle in said arc-
shaped slot R to tilt the grinding wheel, and thereby produce the necessary
clearance of the wheel in its operation upon the teeth and the gear, as illustrated
more specifically in Figure 14, to shape the teeth of the gear in required form.
Upon the end of the bolt R is a nut R6 actuated by a lever R for tightening the
bolt to lock the guide R¹ to the cross head R. R³ is a screw for traversing and
holding the cross head in contact against the micrometer screws.
To give the housing 12 a vertical movement on the guide R', a screw S may be
employed, said screw preferably being a micrometer screw, to vertically adjust the
grinding wheel, so that as said grinding wheel reciprocates, it will reciprocate on
a line passing through the cone center. The guide R¹ is provided with a plate r
through which said screw passes, the screw being shouldered upon said plate and
also threaded into the housing carrying the grinding wheel. By this means, as
the screw is adjusted, the housing will move on the guide R. By this means,
the grinding wheel may be vertically adjusted to any required adjustment, as for
example, to compensate for any wear upon the grinding wheel, as well as from
any other cause.
To insure the grinding wheel being accurately adjusted or set so that its cutting
edge will be upon a cone line of the gear both vertically and horizontally, a
bracket T may be employed. The ends of the lever I forming the bear-
ings on the shaft H2, may be provided the one with V-shaped grooves, indicated
at t, and with threaded sockets, indicated at t¹, to receive a clamping screw T
passed loosely through the bracket and having a clamping collar 2. At the
opposite end, the bracket is secured upon the portion by a clamping screw T2
entering the threaded recess t³. The end of the bracket adjacent to the grinding
wheel when in place is provided with a longitudinal straight edge or tongue 1,
either lateral face of which might be located on the line indicated by the single
arrow head passing through the cone center of the gear, and to which line the
grinding wheel is to be adjusted. The bracket adjacent to the grinding wheel
is also constructed with horizontal shoulders t, said shoulders, when in place,
being on a cone line, indicated by the trips arrow heads in Figure 18.
bracket is constructed, with a V-shaped lug, indicated at to enter and locate in
the grooves t of the part ". It will be evident that when said lug has entered
the right hand groove shown in Figure 18, one lateral face of the tongue T4 will
be on the line indicated by the single arrow head, and the shoulder thereabove
will be on a horizontal line, indicated by the triple arrow heads. When the lug t
engages in the left hand groove shown in Figure 18, the opposite lateral face of the
tongue Twill be on the line indicated by the single arrow head, and the horizontal
shoulder thereabove will be on the line of the triple arrow heads. By means of a
straight edge or parallel piece T5, the operator may readily test the position of the
grinding edge of the grinding wheel by applying said parallel piece against the
tongue and corresponding shoulder of the bracket.
The
In the operation of the machine, the operator puts the bevel gear upon the arbor

page_text: and properly aligns it into, proper relation to the teeth of the index wheel. It
will be obvious that the grinding wheel must be speeded faster than other parts
of the machine, and that the wheel must be set into rotation before the other parts
begin to move. The lever D will be given an oscillatory movement, and the
grinding wheel a reciprocatory movement, on the cone line of the gear simul-
taneously. It will be evident that thereby the former will be caused to act to
rock or partially rotate the arbor carrying the gear, for the purposes hereinbefore
mentioned. In due succession, a vertical reciprocation will also be given to the
grinding wheel, and when said wheel is in raised position, a step by step move-
ment will be given to the bevel gear by means of the index plate, above described,
and mechanism connected therewith. The various parts of the machine, it will
be understood, will be operated in relation one to another to produce the required
results, either synchronously or in due succession, as required. It will be perceived
that the grinding wheel has a rotary, movement, a reciprocatory movement on the
cone line of the gear, a vertical movement, a swivel movement to give clearance
thereto in its work on the side of the teeth of the gear, while it also may be later-
ally and vertically adjusted. It will be evident that the bracket T is removable
when the machine is in operation.
It is well known that various things destroy the efficiency of bevel gears, as
they have ordinarily been constructed, wherein the gears have been formed and
finished of soft metal and then hardened by heating and cooling the same, as for
example, the working surfaces of the teeth have been thrown out of concentricity
with the axis; there is also a winding or twisting or warping of the faces of the
gear as a whole, in consequence of which one tooth may lean in one direction and
an adjacent tooth in another direction. So also the spacing or pitch of adjacent
teeth is changed in the hardening process. In consequence of these changes, no
bevel gear can be made by the ordinary means heretofore in use theoretically or
geometrically correct, but by my improved process, and mechanism the gears may
be made both theoretically and geometrically correct, and with facility.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is:
1. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, and a rotatable grinding wheel reciprocatory on a cone line of the gear,
substantially as set forth.
2. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, and a rotatable grinding wheel reciprocatory on a cone line of the gear,
and means to carry the bevel gear having a rocking movement, substantially as
set forth.
3. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, and a rotatable grinding wheel reciprocatory on a cone line of the gear,
and means to carry the bevel gear having a step by step, movement, substantially
as set forth.
4. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a gear,
and a rotatable grinding wheel having a tilting movement, substantially as set
forth.
5. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a rotatable grinding wheel, and means to direct the position of the teeth of
the gear to give the correct curvature to said teeth, substantially as set forth.
6. In a machine for generating the teeth of hevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, and a rotatable grinding wheel having a movement toward and away from
the bevel gear, said grinding wheel also made reciprocatory on a cone line of the
gear, substantially as set forth.
7. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a rotatable arbor to
carry a gear, means to give to said arbor a step by step rotation, and means to
rock said arbor, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 8. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a device to carry a gear,
and a former to actuate said device, substantially as set forth.
9. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a rotatable arbor to
carry a gear, an arm to actuate the arbor, and a former to actuate said arm,
substantially as set forth.
10. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a device to carry a
bevel gear, a rotatable grinding wheel reciprocatory on a cone line of the gear,
and means to tilt the grinding wheel, substantially as set forth.
11. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a lever oscillatory on a line passing through the cone center of the gear, and
a grinding wheel carried by said lever, substantially as set forth.
12. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a lever oscillatory on a line passing through the cone center of the gear, and
a grinding wheel carried by said lever, said grinding wheel reciprocatory on a cone
line of the gear, substantially as set forth.
13. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor to carry a
gear, and an indexing device to rotate said arbor to space the teeth of the gear,
substantially as set forth.
14. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a device to carry à
bevel gear, a lever oscillatory on a line passing through the cone center of the
gear, and means to oscillate said lever, substantially as set forth.
15. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a device to carry a
bevel gear, a lever oscillatory on a line passing through the cone center of the
gear, a former to actuate said device, and a roll carried by said lever to contact
with said former, substantially as set forth.
16. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor to carry a
bevel gear, a lever oscillated.,on a line passing through the cone center of the
gear to move toward and away from the gear, and means to give a step by step
rotation to said arbor when 'said lever is moved away from the gear, substantially
as set forth.
17. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arm to actuate the
arbor, a former carried by said arm, and means co-operating with said arm to
actuate said arm, substantially as set forth.
18. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a rotatable arbor to
carry a bevel gear, an index plate rotatable with said arbor, an arm to actuate said
arbor, and a former to actuate said arm, substantially as set forth.
19. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a rotatable arbor
to carry a bevel gear, an index plate rotatable with said arbor, an arm to actuate
said arbor, a former to actuate said arm, and means to lock said arm upon the
index plate, substantially as set forth.
20. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a rotatable arbor
to carry a bevel gear, an index plate rotatable with said arbor, means to give a
step by step rotation to said arbor, an arm to actuate said arbor, a former to actuate
said arm, and means to lock said arm upon the index plate after each step by step
movement thereof, substantially as set forth.
21. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, and a rotatable grinding wheel, said grinding wheel being laterally and
vertically adjustable, substantially as set forth.
22. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a rotatable grinding wheel, and a housing to carry said grinding wheel,
said housing being laterally and vertically adjustable, substantially as set forth.
23. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a laterally adjustable grinding wheel, and adjustable stops to govern the
adjustment of the grinding wheel, substantially as set forth.
24. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a rotatable grinding wheel device to laterally adjust said grinding wheel,
and means to cover said adjusting devices, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 25. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, and a grinding wheel arranged to actuate upon the cone line of the gear,
substantially as set forth.
26. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, and a grinding wheel, said gear and grinding wheel the one arranged to
actuate in relation to the other to form the proper curvature of the teeth upon said
gear, substantially as set forth.
27. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, and a grinding wheel, said gear and grinding wheel the one arranged to
have a rocking movement to form the proper curvature of the teeth upon said gear,
substantially as set forth.
28. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, and a grinding wheel, said gear and grinding wheel the one arranged relative
to the other to give the proper clearance to the sides of the teeth, substantially
as set forth.
29. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, an adjustable grinding wheel to act upon the teeth of the gear, and adjust-
able stops to regulate the adjustment of the grinding wheel, substantially as set
forth.
30. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a laterally adjustable grinding wheel, and micrometer adjusting screws to
laterally adjust said wheel, substantially as set forth.
31. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a laterally adjustable grinding wheel, adjusting screws to laterally adjust
said wheel, and means to lock said adjusting screws, for the purpose set forth.
32. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a quadrant, and an
arbor to carry a gear adjustable upon said quadrant, substantially as set forth.
33. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an oscillatory arbor
to carry the gear, and a grinding wheel to act upon the teeth of the gear, substan-
tially as set forth.
34. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an oscillatory arbor
to carry the gear, and a grinding wheel to act upon the teeth of the gear, said arbor
made oscillatory on the line passing through the cone center of the gear, substan-
tially as set forth.
35. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor to carry the
gear, a grinding wheel, and a spindle to carry the arbor, substantially as set forth.
36. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor to carry the
gear, a grinding wheel, and a spindle to carry the arbor, said spindle oscillatory on
the line passing through the cone center of the gear, substantially as set forth.
37. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor, a spindle to
carry the arbor, and a bearing to carry the spindle, said spindle fulcrumed on
a line passing through the cone center of the gear, substantially as set forth.
38. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a quadrant, an arbor,
a spindle to carry the arbor, and a bearing to carry the spindle adjustable on
said quadrant, substantially as set forth.
39. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor to carry the
gear, a spindle to carry the arbor, and an index plate upon said spindle, substan-
tially as set forth.
40. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor, an index plate
to give a rotatable movement to the arbor, and means to lock the index plate,
substantially as set forth.
41. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor, an index
plate, means to actuate the index plate step by step, and means to lock the index
plate, substantially as set forth.
42. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor, an index
plate, devices to actuate the index plate step by step, means to regulate the move-

page_text: ment of said index plate, and locking, mechanism to lock said plate, substan-
tially as set forth.
43. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor, an index
plate, and pawl and ratchet mechanism to actuate said plate, substantially as
set forth.
44. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor, an index
plate, a reciprocatory locking plunger to lock said plate, and means to actuate
said plunger, substantially as set forth.
45. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor, an index
plate, an oscillatory locking device, and means to reciprocate the locking device,
substantially as set forth.
46. in a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor, an index
plate, an oscillatory arm, and a locking device carried by said arm to lock said
plate, substantially as set forth.
47. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor, an index
plate, an oscillatory locking plunger, and a reciprocatory slide to engage and
actuate said plunger, substantially as set forth.
48. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor, an index
plate, pawl and ratchet mechanism to actuate said plate, and a reciprocatory slide
to carry said pawl, substantially as set forth.
49. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an arbor, an index
plate, a shaft on a line passing through the cone center of the gear, a shifting
device upon said shaft, a device to actuate said index plate, and means connected
with said shifting device to actuate said shifting device, substantially as set forth.
50. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a gear,
an index plate, a slide to actuate said plate, a shaft on a line passing through the
cone center of the gear, a shifting device upon said shaft, a cam, and levers con-
necting said cam and said slide with said shifting device, substantially as set forth.
51. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a device to carry a
gear, and a toothed index plate having an adjustable connection with said device
to give thereto a step by step movement, thereby the teeth of the index plate may
be aligned with the teeth of the gear, substantially as set forth.
52. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a device to carry a
gear, a former arm to actuate said device, and an intervening arm connecting the
former arm with the gear carrying device, substantially as set forth
53. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gear, a spindle to carry the
gear, and an interchangeable former arm provided with a former engaged upou
said spindle, substantially as set forth.
54. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, and a former to actuate the gear, substantially as set forth.
55. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a gear,
a grinding wheel, and a former to govern the position of the gear whereby the
action of the wheel will produce the correct curvature to the teeth of said gear.
substantially as set forth."
56. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a grinding wheel, a former to govern the action of the grinding wheel upon
the gear, and a traveling device to actuate said former, substantially as set forth.
57. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a grinding wheel, a former, an oscillatory lever to carry the grinding wheel,
and a traveling device carried by said lever to actuate said former, substantially
as set forth.
58. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a gear,
a grinding wheel, a former to govern the action of the grinding wheel upon the
gear, and an oscillatory traveling device to actuate said former,; substantially. as
set forth.
59. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a gear,
a grinding wheel, a former to govern the operation of the grinding wheel upon

page_text: the gear, an oscillatory traveling device to actuate said former, and means to
limit the oscillation of said traveling device, substantially as set forth.
60. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a former, and a device to travel on a line passing through the cone center
of the gear to actuate said former, substantially as set forth.
61. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a former, a traveling device, and means to carry said traveling device to
actuate said former, substantially as set forth.
62. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a former, an oscillatory lever to carry a grinding wheel, an oscillatory arm
carried by said lever, and a traveling device carried by said arm to actuate said
former, substantially as set forth.
63. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a gear,
a former, an oscillatory lever to carry a grinding wheel, an oscillatory arm carried
by said lever, a traveling device carried by said arm to actuate said former, and
means to limit the oscillation of said arm, substantially as set forth.
64. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a device to carry a
gear, and an oscillatory former to actuate said device, said former centering on
a line passing through the cone center of the gear, substantially as set forth."
65. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, the combination of a
device to carry a gear, a former, and means to hold the former when in normal
position on a line passing through the cone center of the gear, substantially as
set forth.
66. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, the combination of a
device to carry a gear, a former, a traveling device to actuate said former, and
means to hold the former in the operation of the machine in contact with said
traveling device, substantially as set forth.
67. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, the combination of a
device to carry a gear, a grinding wheel having a vertically reciprocatory move-
ment, a former, a traveling device to actuate the former, vertically with the grind-
ing wheel, and means to hold the former in contact with the traveling device and
to restore the former on a line passing through the cone center of the gear when
the traveler is raised out of contact therewith, substantially as set forth.
68. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, the combination of a
device to carry a gear, a former to actuate the gear, a traveling device to actuate
the former, a guide, slides engaged with said guide, sheaves carried by said slides,
a connecting rod connected with the former to actuate said slides, a cord engaged
with one of said slides and passing over said sheaves, a tension device connected
with the opposite end of said cord, and a stop between the adjacent ends of said
slides, substantially as set forth.
69. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a grinding wheel, a
device to carry the grinding wheel, a guide carrying said device, a reciprocatory
cross head carrying said guide, and means to limit the movement of the cross head,
substantially as set forth.
70. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a gear,
a laterally adjustable grinding wheel, a device to carry the grinding wheel, a
guide carrying said device, a reciprocatory cross head, means to limit the move-
ment of the cross head to secure the lateral adjustment of the grinding wheel to
bring the cutting edge of the grinding wheel upon a line passing through the cone
center of the gear, substantially as set forth.
71. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a grinding wheel,
a device to carry a grinding wheel, a guide carrying said device, a reciprocatory
cross head, screws to limit the movement of said cross head, and means to lock said
screws, substantially as set forth.
72. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a grinding wheel,
and means to laterally adjust said wheel to bring its cutting edge upon a line
passing through the cone center of the gear, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 73. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a grinding wheel,
a housing to carry sal wheel, a guide to carry said housing, a cross head to carry
said guide, a slide to carry said cross head, and means to limit the movement of
said cross head upon said slide, substantially as set forth.
74. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a grinding wheel,
a housing to carry said wheel, a guide to carry said housing, a cross head to carry
said guide, a slide to carry said cross head, and means to engage said guide upon
said cross head, substantially as described.
75. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a grinding wheel,
a housing to carry said wheel, a guide to carry said housing, a cross head to carry
said guide formed with an arc-shaped slot, a slide to carry said cross head, and a
bolt passing through said slot engaging said guide upon said cross head, whereby
the guide may be tilted in the arc of a circle to tilt the grinding wheel, substan-
tially as set forth.
76. In a machine for genèrating the teeth of bevel gears, a grinding wheel,
a housing to carry said wheel, a guide to carry said housing, a cross head to carry
said guide, means to reciprocate the cross head, a slide to carry said cross head,
and means to engage said guide upon said cross head, substantially as set forth.
77. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a grinding wheel,
a housing to carry said wheel, a guide to carry said housing, a cross head to carry
said guide, a slide to carry said cross head, and screws to limit the adjustment
of said cross head, and means for reciprocating the cross head to hold it against
said screws, substantially as set forth.
78. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a grinding wheel,
a housing to carry said wheel, a guide to carry said housing, a cross head to carry
said guide formed with an arc-shaped slot, and a slide to carry said cross head,
said guide formed with tongues projecting into the arc-shaped slot, substantially
as set forth.
79. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a gear,
a grinding wheel, and means to tilt the grinding wheel, substantially as set forth.
80. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a device to carry a
grinding wheel, a guide to carry said device, and means to give a vertical move-
ment of said device upon said guide, substantially as set forth.
81. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a gear,
a reciprocatory grinding wheel, and means to give a vertical adjustment to the
grinding wheel, whereby as it reciprocates it will reciprocate on a line passing
through the cone center of the gear, substantially as set forth.
82. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a grinding wheel, and means to adjust the grinding wheel, whereby its
cutting edge will be upon a cone line of the gear, substantially as set forth.
83. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a grinding wheel, and means to adjust the grinding wheel whereby its
cutting edge will be upon lines passing through the cone center of the gear both
vertically and horizontally, substantially as set forth.
84. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a grinding wheel, means to adjust the grinding wheel whereby its cutting
edge will be upon a cone line of the gear, and a testing device to test the adjust-
ment of said wheel, substantially as set forth.
85. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a grinding wheel, means to adjust the grinding wheel whereby its cutting
edge will be upon a cone line of the gear, and a removable bracket provided with
a straight edge to test the adjustment of the grinding wheel, substantially as
set forth.
86. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a gear,
a grinding wheel, a lever to carry the grinding wheel, means to adjust the grinding
wheel whereby its cutting edge will be upon a cone line of the gear, a bracket to
test the adjustment of the wheel, and a clamping screw engaging said bracket

page_text: upon said lever, said lever formed with V-shaped grooves to engage said clamping
screw, substantially as described.
87. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a device to carry a
bevel gear, means to give to the gear a step by step rotation from one tooth space
to another, and means to automatically lock the gear in position, substantially
as set forth.
88. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a device to carry a
bevel gear, said device centered on a line passing through the cone center of the
gear, substantially as set forth.
89. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a device to carry a
grinding wheel, said device fulcrumed on a line passing through the cone center
of the gear, substantially as set forth.
90. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a device to carry a
bevel gear, and means to give to the gear a rocking movement, substantially as
set forth.
91. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a grinding wheel,
and means to bring a peripheral edge of the grinding wheel into contact with
the teeth of the gear, substantially as set forth.
92. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a grinding wheel,
and means to bring the edge of the grinding wheel into contact with the teeth of
the gear on a line passing through the cone center of the gear, substantially as
set forth.
93. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a former to rock the
gear, substantially as set forth.
94. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a former, a traveling
device to contact with the former on a line passing through the cone center of
the gear, substantially as set forth.
95. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an index plate having
its center on a cone line passing through a cone center of the gear, substantially
as set forth.
96. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, the process of gener-
ating the teeth of bevel gears herein described, consisting of forming the teeth
of the gears approximately correct in the soft metal, then hardening the same,
and then correcting the errors of the teeth as formed in soft metal and the errors
resulting from heating and cooling the same in hardening the gears after the
gears have been hardened, substantially as set forth.
97. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, the process of
generating the teeth of a bevel gear herein described, consisting of forming the
teeth of the gears approximately correct in soft metal, then hardening the same,
then correcting the errors of the teeth as formed in soft metal and the errors result-
ing from heating and cooling the same in hardening the gears by grinding the
teeth to correct form after the gears have been hardened, substantially as set forth.
98. An improved bevel gear having its teeth corrected and trued after the gear
has been hardened, substantially as set forth.
99. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, means to carry a bevel
gear, a reciprocatory grinding wheel, and means to adjust the grinding wheel
both vertically and horizontally, whereby its cutting edge will reciprocate on a
cone line of the gear teeth, substantially as described.
100. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a grinding wheel
having a rotary movement, a reciprocatory movement on a cone line of the gear,
and a vertical movement, substantially as set forth.
101. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a grinding wheel
having its sides parallel throughout to the periphery of the wheel, and means to
bring a lateral peripheral edge of the grinding wheel into contact with the teeth
of the gear, substantially as set forth.
102. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, a rotatable grinding

page_text: wheel, and a rocking device to carry the gear, said gear and said grinding wheel
the one having a reciprocatory movement on the cone line of the gear in the
operation of the grinding of the gear, substantially as set forth.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents.