Improvements in Boilers for the Manufacture of Sulphite Cellulose and in the Method of Heating the same.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 28th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 2nd Aug., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Boilers for the Manufacture of Sulphite Cellulose
and in the Method of Heating the same.
I, CARL KELLNER, of Bartensteingasse 8, Vienna, 1, in the Austrian Empire,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
It has heretofore been usual, in the manufacture of sulphite cellulose, to heat the
boiler either by steam injected directly into the lye, or by steam caused to pass
through heating coils or through a steam jacket surrounding the boiler.
Each of these methods of heating has its merits and its disadvantages.
Indirect heating causes much monosulphite of calcium to be precipitated from the
lye, and a long time is required for producing in the boiler the required pressure; on
the other hand, when heating by steam injected into the lye, this latter is diluted by
the water of condensation.
It is always dangerous to use boilers surrounded with a steam jacket, as the sulphuric
acid leaking from the boiler mixes with the water of condensation and unperceived
corrodes the sides of the boiler, until an explosion takes place.
This invention consists in a method of heating cellulose boilers which combines the
merits of direct and indirect steam heating, without being subject to the disadvantages
referred to; it also relates to an improved construction of boiler.
According to this invention, the object in view is attained by providing the boiler
with an easily and rapidly removable jacket and by filling the space between the
boiler and jacket with a liquid having a higher boiling point than water, such as oil,
molten fat, paraffin, salt solutions, or heavy hydrocarbons, for instance refuse of
petroleum refineries. As soon as the boiler has been filled with wood and lye, the
fiquid having a high boiling point is, with the aid of a pump or in any other known
manner, caused to pass through a heating apparatus by which it is brought to a
temperature somewhat higher than that existing inside the boiler.
Also while the wood is being boiled by direct injection of steam into the lye filling.
the boiler, care must be taken that the liquid of high boiling point surrounding the
boiler shall always have a higher temperature than the lye, in order that the internal
side of the boiler shall not be heated more than the external one. This has for its
object to restrict the dilution of the lye by condensed steam and to provide against
injury of the inner lining of the boiler by its becoming severed. The said lining
consists of any suitable acid-proof mass covered with plates of hardened or tempered
glass. By preference these plates are arranged in two layers and so as to break joint.
The lower or outer layer may also be formed of stone-ware plates, and a layer of
powdered fire-tile or fire-brick may be arranged beneath or outside the glass
plates.
The cement by which the plates of hardened glass are fixed and the joints filled.
up may with advantage be formed of a mixture of about equal parts of Portland
cement and sand, or of a mixture of quartz powder, glass powder, fire tile
powder, brick powder, carbonate of lime, phosphate of lime and soluble glass.
In the annexed sheet of drawings,
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a boiler constructed according to this
invention.
As clearly shewn, the boiler A is provided with a jacket B, composed of a number
of separate parts, which may be easily and rapidly removed whenever it is desired to
inspect the boiler.
The space between the boiler and jacket, which is filled with a liquid of high
boiling point, communicates with the outer atmosphere through an open pipe b, by
which the attendant is immediately apprised of lye or gases leaking from the boiler A;

page_text: while the said lye or gases are at once prevented from injuring the boiler surrounded
with the liquid of high boiling point.
In order to admit of the application of this invention to revolving boilers, the
construction shewn by Fig. 2 can be advantageously used; in this construction the
liquid of high boiling point is caused to enter and leave the jacket through pipes d
and e respectively and either of which encloses the other. The said pipes pass through
the tubular trunnions of the boiler and are provided with suitable stuffing boxes d¹
and e¹.
The outer surface of the jacket may with advantage be coated with a bad conductor
of heat in order to avoid, as far as possible, loss of heat by radiation; this coating
may be formed of cellulose pressed into a suitable shape.
If it be desired to avoid the direct contact of the liquid of high boiling point with
the outer surface of the boiler, the said liquid may be caused to circulate through
flat tanks, surrounding the boiler and connected with each other by pipes.
Dated this 29th day of March 1890.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Boilers for the Manufacture of Sulphite Cellulose
and in the Method of Heating the same.
I, CARL KELLNER, of Bartensteingasse 8, Vienna 1, in the Austrian Empire,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement
:-
It has heretofore been usual, in the manufacture of sulphite cellulose, to heat the
boiler either by steam injected directly into the lye, or by steam caused to pass
through heating coils or through a steam jacket, surrounding the boiler.
Each of these methods of heating has its merits and its disadvantages.
Indirect heating causes much monosulphite of calcium to be precipitated from the
lye, and a long time is required for producing in the boiler the required pressure;
on the other hand, when heating by steam injected into the lye, this latter is diluted
by the water of condensation.
It is always dangerous to use boilers surrounded with a steam jacket, as the
sulphuric acid leaking from: the boiler mixes with the water of condensation and
unperceived corrodes the sides of the boiler, until an explosion takes place.
This invention consists in a method of heating cellulose boilers which combines the
merits of direct and indirect steam heating, without being subject to the disadvantages
referred to it also relates to an improved construction of boiler.
According to this invention, the object in view is attained by providing the boiler
with an easily and rapidly removable jacket and by filling the space between the
boiler and jacket with a liquid having a higher boiling point than water, such as oil,
molten fat, paraffin, salt solutions, or heavy hydrocarbons, for instance refuse of
petroleum refineries. As soon as the boiler has been filled with wood and lye, the
liquid having a high boiling point is, with the aid of a pump or in any other known
manner, caused to pass through a heating apparatus by which it is brought to a
temperature somewhat higher than that existing inside the boiler.
Also while the wood is being boiled by direct injection of steam into the lye filling
the boiler, care must be taken that the liquid of high boiling point surrounding the
boiler shall always have a higher temperature than the lye, in order that the internal
side of the boiler shall not be heated more than the external one. This has for
its object to restrict the dilution of the lye by condensed steam and to provide
against injury of the inner lining of the boiler by its being severed. The said
lining consists of any suitable acid-proof mass covered with plates of hardened or
tempered glass. By preference these plates are arranged in two layers and so as to

page_text: break joint. The lower or outer layer may also be formed of stone-ware plates and a
layer of powdered fire-tile or fire brick may be arranged beneath or outside the
glass plates.
The cement by which the plates of hardened glass are fixed and the joints filled
up may with advantage be formed of a mixture of about equal parts of Portland
cement and sand, or of a mixture of quartz powder, glass powder, fire-tile powder,
brick powder, carbonate of lime, phosphate of lime and soluble glass.
In the sheet of drawings filed with my Provisional Specification, Fig. 1 is a
sectional elevation of a boiler constructed according to this invention.
As clearly shewn, the boiler A is provided with a jacket B, composed of a number
of separate parts, which may be easily and rapidly removed whenever it is desired to
inspect the boiler.
The space between the boiler and jacket, which is filled with a liquid of high
boiling point, communicates with the outer atmosphere through an open pipe b, by
which the attendant is immediately apprised of lye or gases leaking from the boiler A;
while the said lye or gases are at once prevented from injuring the boiler surrounded
with the liquid of high boiling point.
In order to admit of the application of this invention to revolving boilers the con-
struction shown by Fig. 2 can be advantageously used; in this construction the
liquid of high boiling point is caused to enter and leave the jacket through pipes d
and e respectively and either of which encloses the other. The said pipes pass through
the tubular trunnions of the boiler and are provided with suitable stuffing-boxes d'
and e¹.
The outer surface of the jacket may with advantage be coated with a bad conductor
of heat in order to avoid, as far as possible, loss of heat by radiation; this coating
may be formed of cellulose pressed into a suitable shape.
If it be desired to avoid the direct contact of the liquid of high boiling point with
the outer surface of the boiler, the said liquid may be caused to circulate through
flat tanks, surrounding the boiler and connected with each other by pipes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In the manufacture of sulphite-cellulose, heating the boiler containing the wood
and lye from without by means of a liquid the boiling point of which higher than
that of water and simultaneously heating the contents of the boiler from within by
means of steam introduced into the lye.
2. In a revolving boiler the introduction and eduction of the liquid, by which the
boiler is heated from without, by means of two pipes enclosed the one within the
other and passing through the trunnion, these pipes being kept tight by stuffing-
boxes, as described.
3. In a boiler for the manufacture of sulphite cellulose, an internal lining consisting
of plates of tempered glass.
Dated this 28th day of Auril 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 28th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 2nd Aug., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Boilers for the Manufacture of Sulphite
Cellulose and in the Method of Heating the same.
I, CARL KELLNER, of Bartensteingasse 8, Vienna 1, in the Austrian Empire,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
It has heretofore been usual, in the manufacture of sulphite cellulose, to heat the
boiler either by steam injected directly into the lye, or by steam caused to pass
through heating coils or through a steam jacket surrounding the boiler.
Each of these methods of heating has its merits and its disadvantages.
Indirect heating causes much monosulphite of calcium to be precipitated from the
lye, and a long time is required for producing in the boiler the required pressure; on
the other hand, when heating by steam injected into the lye, this latter is diluted by
the water of condensation.
It is always dangerous to use boilers surrounded with a steam jacket, as the sulphuric
acid leaking from the boiler mixes with the water of condensation and unperceived
corrodes the sides of the boiler, until an explosion takes place.
This invention consists in a method of heating cellulose boilers which combines the
merits of direct and indirect steam heating, without being subject to the disadvantages
referred to it also relates to an improved construction of boiler.
According to this invention, the object in view is attained by providing the boiler
with an easily and rapidly removable jacket and by filling the space between the
boiler and jacket with a liquid having a higher boiling point than water, such as oil,
molten fat, paraffin, salt solutions, or heavy hydrocarbons, for instance refuse of
petroleum refineries. As soon as the boiler has been filled with wood and lye, the
liquid having a high boiling point is, with the aid of a pump or in any other known
manner, caused to pass through a heating apparatus by which it is brought to a
temperature somewhat higher than that existing inside the boiler.
Also while the wood is being boiled by direct injection of steam into the lye filling
the boiler, care must be taken that the liquid of high boiling point surrounding the
boiler shall always have a higher temperature than the lye, in order that the internal
side of the boiler shall not be heated more than the external one. This has for its
object to restrict the dilution of the lye by condensed steam and to provide against
injury of the inner lining of the boiler by its becoming severed. The said lining
consists of any suitable acid-proof mass covered with plates of hardened or tempered
glass. By preference these plates are arranged in two layers and so as to break joint.
The lower or outer layer may also be formed of stone-ware plates, and a layer of
powdered fire-tile or fire-brick may be arranged beneath or outside the glass
plates.
The cement by which the plates of hardened glass are fixed and the joints filled
up may with advantage be formed of a mixture of about equal parts of Portland
cement and sand, or of a mixture of quartz powder, glass powder, fire tile
powder, brick powder, carbonate of lime, phosphate of lime and soluble glass.
In the annexed sheet of drawings,
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a boiler constructed according to this
invention.
As clearly shewn, the boiler A is provided with a jacket B, composed of a number
of separate parts, which may be easily and rapidly removed whenever it is desired to
inspect the boiler.
The space between the boiler and jacket, which is filled with a liquid of high
boiling point, communicates with the outer atmosphere through an open pipe b, by
which the attendant is immediately apprised of lye or gases leaking from the boiler A;

page_text: while the said lye or gases are at once prevented from injuring the boiler surrounded
with the liquid of high boiling point.
In order to admit of the application of this invention to revolving boilers, the
construction shewn by Fig. 2 can be advantageously used; in this construction the
liquid of high boiling point is caused to enter and leave the jacket through pipes d
and e respectively and either of which encloses the other. The said pipes pass through
the tubular trunnions of the boiler and are provided with suitable stuffing boxes d
and e'.
The outer surface of the jacket may with advantage be coated with a bad conductor
of heat in order to avoid, as far as possible, loss of heat by radiation; this coating
may be formed of cellulose pressed into a suitable shape.
If it be desired to avoid the direct contact of the liquid of high boiling point with
the outer surface of the boiler, the said liquid may be caused to circulate through
flat tanks, surrounding the boiler and connected with each other by pipes.
Dated this 29th day of March 1890.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Boilers for the Manufacture of Sulphito
Cellulose and in the Method of Heating the same.
I, CARL KELLNER, of Bartensteingasse 8, Vienna, 1, in the Austrian Empire,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
It has heretofore been usual, in the manufacture of sulphite cellulose, to heat the
boiler either by steam injected directly into the lye, or by steam caused to pass
through heating coils or through a steam jacket, surrounding the boiler.
Each of these methods of heating has its merits and its disadvantages.
Indirect heating causes much monosulphite of calcium to be precipitated from the
lye, and a long time is required for producing in the boiler the required pressure:
on the other hand, when heating by steam injected into the lye, this latter is diluted
by the water of condensation.
the
It is always dangerous to use boilers surrounded with a steam jacket, as
sulphuric acid leaking from the boiler mixes with the water of condensation and
unperceived corrodes the sides of the boiler, until an explosion takes place.
This invention consists in a method of heating cellulose boilers which combines the
merits of direct and indirect steam heating, without being subject to the disadvantages
referred to it also relates to an improved construction of boiler.
According to this invention, the object in view is attained by providing the boiler
with an easily and rapidly removable jacket and by filling the space between the
boiler and jacket with a liquid having a higher boiling point than water, such as oil,
molten fat, paraffin, salt solutions, or heavy hydrocarbons, for instance refuse of
petroleum refineries. As soon as the boiler has been filled with wood and lye, the
liquid having a high boiling point is, with the aid of a pump or in any other known
manner, caused to pass through a heating apparatus by which it is brought to a
temperature somewhat higher than that existing inside the boiler.
Also while the wood is being boiled by direct injection of steam into the lye filling
the boiler, care must be taken that the liquid of high boiling point surrounding the
boiler shall always have a higher temperature than the lye, in order that the internal
side of the boiler shall not be heated more than the external one. This has for
its object to restrict the dilution of the lye by condensed steam and to provide
against injury of the inner lining of the boiler by its being severed. The said
lining consists of any suitable acid-proof mass covered with plates of hardened or
tempered glass. By preference these plates are arranged in two layers and so as to
•

page_text: break joint. The lower or outer layer may also be formed of stone-ware plates and a
layer of powdered fire-tile or fire brick may be arranged beneath or outside the
glass plates.
The cement by which the plates of hardened glass are fixed and the joints filled
up may with advantage be formed of a mixture of about equal parts of Portland
cement and sand, or of a mixture of quartz powder, glass powder, fire-tile powder,
brick powder, carbonate of lime, phosphate of lime and soluble glass.
In the sheet of drawings filed with my Provisional Specification, Fig. 1 is a
sectional elevation of a boiler constructed according to this invention.
As clearly shewn, the boiler A is provided with a jacket B, composed of a number
of separate parts, which may be easily and rapidly removed whenever it is desired to
inspect the boiler.
The space between the boiler and jacket, which is filled with a liquid of high
boiling point, communicates with the outer atmosphere through an open pipe b, by
which the attendant is immediately apprised of lye or gases leaking from the boiler A;
while the said lye or gases are at once prevented from injuring the boiler surrounded
with the liquid of high boiling point..
In order to admit of the application of this invention to revolving boilers the con-
struction shown by Fig. 2 can be advantageously used; in this construction the
liquid of high boiling point is caused to enter and leave the jacket through pipes d
and e respectively and either of which encloses the other. The said pipes pass through
the tubular trunnions of the boiler and are provided with suitable stuffing-boxes d'
and e¹.
The outer surface of the jacket máy with advantage be coated with a bad conductor
of heat in order to avoid, as far as possible, loss of heat by radiation; this coating
may be formed of cellulose pressed into a suitable shape.
If it be desired to avoid the direct contact of the liquid of high boiling point with
the outer surface of the boiler, the said liquid may be caused to circulate through
flat tanks, surrounding the boiler and connected with each other by pipes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In the manufacture of sulphite-cellulose, heating the boiler containing the wood
and lye from without by means of a liquid the boiling point of which is higher than
that of water and simultaneously heating the contents of the boiler from within by
means of steam introduced into the lye.
2. In a revolving boiler the introduction and eduction of the liquid, by which the
boiler is heated from without, by means of two pipes enclosed the one within the
other and passing through the trunnion, these pipes being kept tight by stuffing-
boxes, as described.
3. In a boiler for the manufacture of sulphite cellulose, an internal lining consisting
of plates of tempered glass.