Year: 1886

page_text: I CHARLES WIGGINS Ashley place Wood Lane Handsworth in the County of
Warwick School Master do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention consists in an arrangement of parts forming a frame-ruler suitable
for ruling. lines on school slates, also applicable for ruling parallel lines on paper,
wood, metal or other substance.
In some cases I form a handle plate from which projects horizontally two scribing
prongs, the whole being in one solid piece, either out of cast metal or pressed
metal; I next fix to the handle plate a suitable handle; the complete ruler so
formed can then be used for scribing or cutting parallel lines on slates within
which the scholars can form words of an inch in height, similar rulers can be
made with fixed scribing prongs of a greater or less width than of an inch from
centre to centre.
.
In some cases I prefer to make the handle plate permanently connected to but
one scribing prong, forming the other scribing prong to slide in the handle plate
so that the two prongs can be set to any required distance apart either an inch
or any other desired distance.
For cheapness of construction and lightness I in some cases prefer to make or
form the handle plate out of sheet metal folded into a box shape and bent over to
form both scribing prongs or I can form only one prong or leg and utilize the box
shape for a slide in which to move the travelling adjustible prong or leg, this
travelling adjustible prong can in some cases be so made that it will fit sufficiently
tight in the box for practical use when adjusted, but I prefer in other cases to
provide a set screw either inside the box or outside the box by means of which
the travelling leg can be adjusted to any desired distance.
In some cases instead of making scribing prongs, I provide a leg suitable to
receive a lead pencil crayon or chalk or I make a leg similar to a compass regu-
lating pen in either of these cases the legs can be used for making parallel pencil
crayon, chalk or ink lines on paper, wood, or other material
My invention made in the manner herein before described will be adapted for
general use in schools to rule slates, black-boards, paper or other such like substance
or article on which it is advantageous to rule parallel lines expeditiously.
Dated this 21st dose of Inl- 1986
ALFRED WILLIAM TURNER,
Cobden Buildings, Corporation Street, Birmingham,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Ruling Parallel Lines.
I CHARLES WIGGINS Ashley Place Wood Lane Handsworth in the county of
Stafford School Master do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RULING PARALLEL LINES and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in' and.
by the following statement:-
This invention consists in an arrangement of parts forming a frame ruler suitable
for ruling lines on school slates, also applicable for ruling parallel lines on paper;
wood; metal or other substance.
In some cases I form a handle plate from which projects horizontally two scribing
prongs, the whole being in one solid piece, either out of cast metal or pressed
metal: I next fit to the handle plate a suitable handle; the complete ruler so
formed can then be used for scribing or cutting parallel lines on slates within
which the scholars can form words of an inch in height; similar rulers can be
made with fixed scribing prongs of a greater or less width than of an inch from
centre to centre.
In some cases I prefer to make the handle plate permamently connected to but
one scribing prong, forming the other scribing prong to slide in the handle plate
so that the two prongs can be set to any required distance apart, either an inch
or any other desired distance.
For cheapnes of construction and lightness I in some cases prefer to make or
form the handle plate out of sheet metal folded into a box shape and bent over to
form both scribing prongs. I can form only one prong or leg and utilize the box
shape for a slide, in which to move the travelling adjustable prong or leg, this
travelling adjustable prong can in some cases be so made that it will fit sufficiently
tight in the box for practical use when adjusted, but I prefer in other cases to
provide a set screw, either inside the box, or outside the box, by means of which
the travelling leg can be adjusted to any desired distance.
In some cases, instead of making scribing prongs, I provide a leg suitable to
receive a lead pencil, crayon or chalk or make a leg similar to a compass regulating
pen, in either of these cases the legs can be used for making parallel pencil, crayon,
chalk-or ink lines on paper wood or other material.
My invention made in the manner bereinbefore described will be adapted for
general use in schools to rule slates, black-boards, paper or other such like sub-
stance or article on which it is advantageous to rule parallel lines expeditiously.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings
the various modifications and combinations constituting my invention.
Figure 1 represents a plan of a single ruler.
Figure 2 represents figure 1 covered with a case.
Figure 3 represents a section of the case or cover.
Figure 4 represents a side elevation of figure 1.
Figure 5 represents a side elevation of figure 2.
Figure 6 represents a plan of narrow gauge ruler.
Figure 7 represents a plan of figure 6 covered with a case,

page_text: ruler.
Figure 13 represents a plan of figure 11 entirely covered with its case ready to
put in the pocket.
•
Figure 14 represents an edge view of figure 13.
Figure 15 represents a side view of. a bar adjusting ruler.
Figure 16 represents an edge view of figure 15.
Figure 17 represents a side view of adjusting ruler made to form its own handle.
Figure 18 represents a plan of figure 17.
Figure 19 represents a side view of adjusting ruler suitable for use with crayons
on black-board.
Figure 20 represents an end view of figure 19.
Figure 21 represents a plan of figure 19.
Figure 22 represents a front view of adjusting ruler made like a box.
Figure 23 represents the sliding leg of figure 22.
Figure 24 represents an adjusting ruler made with compass end.
Figure 25 represents broken view of an adjusting ruler made with tongs
bow end.
Figure 26 represents broken, view of adjusting ruler made with curled bow end.
The rulers as represented at figures 1 and 6 would be stamped or otherwise
formed out of steel and afterwards sharpened and polished and in some cases
plated; the boxes or covers figures 3 and 8 are to protect the points and enable
the ruler to be carried in the pocket of waistcoat or dress.
The rulers as represented at figures 11, 12, 13 and 14 are double ended, the wide
end a is suitable for ruling slates for large hand, to be used by first standard
scholars; the narrow end 6 is suitable for ruling slates to be used by second
standard or other scholars.
"
The adjusting ruler represented at figures 15 and 16 can be used for ruling
parallel lines of varying widths the leg c and the bar d are formed out of one piece
of metal; the long end can be made as represented, or it may be made to screw
into the handle; the moveable leg g and the slide box h are formed out of one
piece of metal, the moveable leg g is secured in position on the bar d by means of
the set screw j.
The adjusting ruler represented at figures 17 and 18 is made out of flat steel as
indicated at figure 18. I can in some cases make it out of round steel, in such
cases the width of the section of the wire at A B would be similar to k, the
adjustment of the width is attained by moving the ring along the tapered
part m
The adjusting ruler represented at figure 19 20 and 21 is for the purpose of
using to mark parallel lines on black boards such as are used for class lessons in
schools. is a flat plate pierced with the slot o¹. I provide a leg suitable to grip
a crayon in some cases I make or form this stationery leg on the plate n, in other
cases I prefer to make it separate with a screwed end and collar as represented
at o pin such cases I can form a tapped hole in the plate n and screw the end o
of leg through the plate n, I can then utilize the projecting screw o to screw into a
loose handle.
The moving leg q, and the slide plate p, form one piece, the top of the leg q is
formed into a box to slide over the plate n: I provide a suitable handle and drive
or screw into it the back end of the adjusting screw. t; I provide a square neck on
the screw t and pass it through the plates and n-I provide an adjusting nut u.
and thread it on to the screw t-the leg q can then be moved to any desired
distance in the plate n and be secured in position by means of the adjusting nut u
binding and pressing the plates rn together; when using the leg g close to the end

page_text: of plate n I can use the doose handle screwed over the projection o; the leg pis
made to tighten on the crayon by means of the ring v. I should usually make the
stationary leg and the moving leg to correspond with each other and can adopt
either of the configurations represented at p or q.
The adjusting ruler represented at figures 22 and 23 is formed out of flat metal
pressed and folded into a box shape, the stationary leg w being folded over at right
angles to the flat top, the moving leg is provided with projections & ¹ to steady it:
the adjusting screw takes into the moving leg y at b b and travels along the slot co,
the handle d d is secured in position as represented at ee the flap ff is merely
turned up to show the inside of the box and would be turned down after the
placing of the leg y in position.
The adjusting ruler represented at figure 24 is formed with a compass joint and
is adjusted by means of the nuts g g on the pin hh; the neck jj is square thus
securing the pin in position so that the nuts gg will turn on the pin hh to
regulate the distance from point to point.
Figures 25 and 26 would be extended with points similar to k k,ll and regulated
by a pin and nuts similar to h h g.g. The leg o of figure 15 and also the moveable
legg may be provided with a socket similar to that in the leg q, inside the sockets
can be fixed the shoulder of a compass pen, the adjusting ruler can then be used for
ruling ink lines, a pencil can when desired be fixed in the beforementioned socket;
compass pens can also be fixed in the sockets of the leg q and its "duplicate
The set screw m m is for the purpose of tightening the ruler on and in the case.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1st. The invention as illustrated and described for the purpose illustrated and
described.
2nd. The single rulers and cases as illustrated and described in reference to
figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
3rd. The double rulers and cases as illustrated and described in reference to
figures 11, 12, 13, 14.
4th. The adjusting ruler as illustrated and described in reference to figures 15
and 16.
5th. The adjusting ruler as illustrated and described in reference to figures 17
and 18.
6th.
The adjusting ruler as illustrated and described in reference to figares 19
20 and 21.
7th. The adjusting ruler as illustrated and described in reference to figures 22
and 23.
8th. The adjusting ruler as illustrated and described in reference to figures 24,
25 and 26.
Dated this 1st day of October 1886.
ALFRED WILLIAM TURNER,
ALFRED WILLIAM TURNER,
Cobden Buildings,
Corporation Street, Birmingham,
Agent for the Applicant.