IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING GLASS LIGHTS FOR STREET VAULTS. SHIPS, BUILDINGS, AND FRICTION BOXES. AND THE APPARATUS FOR LADLING OR CONVEYING THE MOLTEN GLASS FROM ONE FURNACE TO ANOTHER
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jacob Green, of the City and County of Philadelphia,.
and State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, for the Invention
of ** IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING GLASS LIGHTS FOR
STREET VAULTS. SHIPS, BUILDINGS, AND FRICTION BOXES. AND THE APPARATUS
FOR LADLING OR CONVEYING THE MOLTEN GLASS FROM ONE FURNACE TO
ANOTHER."
Sealed the 9th June 1857, and dated the 11th December 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jacob Green at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
December 185.
I, JACOB GREEN, of the City and County of Philidelphia, and State of
Pennsylvania, United States of America,do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING GLASS
LIGHTS FOR STREET VAULTS, SHIPS, BUILDING 3, AND FRICTION BOXES, AND THE APPA-
RATUS FOR LADLING OR CONVEYING THE MOLTEN GLASS FROM ONE FURNACE TO
ANOTHER," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists, firstly, in casting molten glass into iron or other
metal frames, the frames being made with a groove or projections to prevent
the glass leaving or shrinking from the frame after it has become solid and
annealed!

page_text: I prefer the frames being heated to a dull red heat previous to pouring in
the molten glass, for the purpose of expanding the frame or mould, and after-
wards, in cooling, contracts and fits close to the glass, without injury to
either.
The Invention consists, secondly, in the apparatus used for ladling or convey-
ing the molten glass from one furnace to another, or from the furnace to the
casting plate or moulds. An iron bar is suspended from the timbers or ceiling,
forming a railway for receiving a flanged pulley, to the axle of which is
suspended a chain or rod; to the end of this is attached a ladle, having at
one end a conveniently-shaped bowl for ladling the molten glass from the
furnace,aud at the other end a cross handle for the operator, this arrangement
enabling a single attendant to convey the molten glass from furnace to plate
or mould at a much less expenditure of time and labour than has been done
heretofore.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jacob Green in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
June 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME. I, JACOB
GREEN, of the City and County of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania,
United States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Jacob Green, Her special licence that I, the said Jacob Green, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jacob
Green, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF
MANUFACTURING GLASS LIGHTS FOR STREET VAULTS. SHIPS, BUILDINGS, AND
FRICTION BOXES, AND THE APPARATUS FOR LADLING OR CONVEYING THE MOLTEN
GLASS FROM ONE FURNACE TO ANOTHER," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Jacob Green, my executors or administrators, by an instru-

page_text: ment in writing under
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jacob Green, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The nature of my Invention consists, in the first place, of casting or
putting molten glass into iron, brass, copper, or other metal frames, the
frames being made with a groove or projection, to prevent the glass being
separated from the frame by external pressure that may be put upon it
after the glass has become solid and annealed.
My Invention consists, secondly, in suspending to the roof of the glass
manufactory, or to a framework erected therein, an iron bar, forming a rail-
road for receiving a flanged pulley, to the axle of which is suspended a chain
or rod; to the end of the latter is attached a ladle, having at one end a
conveniently-shaped bowl for ladling the molten glass out of the pots, and
at the other end a cross handle for the operator. The whole is so arranged
and constructed that a single operative can convey large quantities of
molten glass from the furnace to the frames, molds, casting plate, or from
furnace to furnace, or the pots can be filled with unmolten glass and crude
materials for making glass.
80
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my Invention, I
will proceed to describe its construction and operation, on reference to the
Drawing, which forms a part of this Specification, like letters referring to
like parts.
Fig. 1 exhibits a vault or deck light with one glass in. a, glass; b, frame.
Fig. 2, section of vault or deck light. a, glass; b, frame; c, groove; 9,
flange.
Fig. 3, section of friction box. a, glass; b, b, frame.
Fig. 4, vault light with seven glasses. a, a, glass; b, b, frame; i, i,
ventilator's holes.
Figs. 5 and 6 are views, in elevation, of the interior of a plate glass manu-
factory, shewing my improved apparatus, with sections of furnace pots and
casting table. h, h¹, rafter or beam; h, h, brackets to support rail; n, n, rail-
road; v, rod with pivot to allow railroad to move; m, flanged pulley; r, rod
or chain to connect pulley and ladle; o, cross hand; j, handle; s, the bowl;

page_text: go into'
io, a moveable collar, with set screw, to adjust the depth the ladle is to
the pot; z, a sliding ring to which the chain or rod is fastened. 2, q, Fig. 6,
are curved bars, fastened at w, w, to the bracket h. Fig. 8 exhibits the bracket
attached to the framework or beams above. The bracket h, Fig. 7, slides
upon the bars q, q, and supports the railroad n, n, and permits it to be moved
opposite any of the pots in the furnace. f,f, section of furnace; p, p, section
of pots; e, e, working holes to furnace; x, a, casting plate.
The frames for vault lights and friction boxes are made with a groove or
projection at c, for the purpose of holding the glass firm in its place previous
to putting the glass into the frame. The frame is put into a kiln or furnace
and heated (I prefer a dull read heat) for the purpose of expanding the frame,
then the frame is taken from the kiln or furnace and put upon the casting
plate. The glass is then taken out of the pot (either gathered or ladled) in
as hot a state as is convenient, and put into, the frame, remaining until the
glass becomes sufficiently solid to be removed into the annealing kiln. The
glass may be put into the frames in the kiln, but I prefer it being put in. the
frame upon the plate. Glass put into cold frames is chilled and breaks, and
is also loose in the frame; bur. on, the contrary, when the frames are heated,
and the molten glass run in and allowed to cool together in the annealing
kiln, the frame binds the glass and gives great strength and solidity to the
glass, making a suitable article for vaults, decks, walls, &c., where light,
strength and durability are desirable; the metal frames can be secured .in
their places by suitable device, and if desired can be ventilated, as seen
at i, i, Fig. 4, by drilling or casting holes in the frames.
Another advantage of my improvements, is, the glass can be made of any
desirable shape or pattern without fitting or glazing.
The antifriction properties of glass has long been known, but not
generally brought into use for heavy machinery, from the difficulty of
fastening the glass in the boxes. This; difficulty is overcome by this
Invention, the glass being put into the iron or metal frame in a molten
state, the frame and glass being annealed and cooled solidify together, the
frame serving as an external protection to the glass; while the revolving
shaft works upon the glass, requiring but little lubrication.
In the arrangement for ladling glass, the, bracket h, Fig.. 8, can be
fastened to the ordinary supports of the roof, or to framework put up
especially for it. The curved bars q, q, are used when the railroad n, n,
is required to be moveable...
یا
Fig. 7 shows the working arrangement of the
nection with the rail n, n, aud flanged pulley m.
sliding bracket in.con-
The hook u fits upon the

page_text: curved bar 1, 2, and can be moved from place to place when desired. At tho
other end of the bracket there is another hook, provided with flange at y
to receive the rail n, which are secured together by a rivet. Upon the
rail n is seen the flanged pulley m, with the strap & attached to its axle t.
In the Drawing I have shewn my improvement as adapted for lading glass
and conveying it from the furnace to the casting table. It will be readily
seen, however, that the same arrangement is, with a slight modification in
the position of the rail n, n, equally.applicable to the ladling of glass from
one furnace to another, and for filling the melting pots in the furnace with
unmolten glass and crude materials.
In some instances the rail n, n, may
be a fixture and the other part moveable, for the purpose of facilitating
the removal of the molten glass from one portion of the building to
the other.
By my improved apparatus one man can take more glass from the melting
furnace to the casting furnace than three men do in the ordinary way, in much
less time, and with greater ease; and in making solid rough plate glass one
man can take glass enough out of the pot to make large thick lights without
the danger of having the glass lapped or double, as is the case when more
ladles than one are used. It has also the same advantage in filling large.
frames for vaultlights or friction boxes. The bowls of the ladles can be made
different sizes to hold the quantity of glass required for different purposes.
(In using this ladle, the operator grasps the cross handle o and directs the
bowls through the working hole e into the pot of metal, fills the ladle, and
then withdraws it from the furnace, and with little exertion rapidly conveys
it to the casting plate or furnace.) It is also of great advantage infilling pots
with the mixture to be melted. In the ordinary way of filling the pots large
quantities of the mixture is wasted, some falling outside the furnace and
is thrown away, and some falling inside the furnace and is melted, and cuts or
wears away the front of the furnace and the beuches or seiges. Other advan-
tages will be too apparent to the manfacturer of glass to require further
description.
Claim. What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,-
First, the above-described improvement in the construction of vault and
deck lights and friction boxes, namely, casting or putting the molten glass
directly into the metal frame, said frame being in a heated state, and provided
with grooves or projections, so that when the frame contracts, on cooling,
it shall bind the glass tight,
Second, the employment of a suspended ladle, as above described, or any
modification thereof, for facilitating the removal of molten glass or crude

page_text: material from one portion of the building to another, substantially in
the manner set forth in the foregoing Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jacob Green, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
JACOB GREEN. (..S.)