Year: 1886

page_text: We, ROBERT SCHRADER, banker, and GUSTAV SANDER, organ-builder, both of
Brunswick, in the German Empire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a construction of organs and similar musical instruments,
so that those mechanical devices may be dispensed with which have been used hitherto
to cause the said musical instruments to sound, and by which devices the varieties of
expression and power of tone are obtained, that is to say, to dispense with the register
draw-stops, arranged at the side or above the manual, and to effect, by pneumatic
action, all functions, hitherto executed by drawing or pushing these mechanical
devices by hand, and thus to perform the different functions more rapidly and precisely
and with greater certainty, and also to render the playing on these instruments easier
and more convenient.
With this view the invention consists: firstly, in a new and complete construction
of a pneumatic wind-chest, by the arrangement of the several parts of which, as well
as by its simplicity and the insensibility to temperature, a certain function of all shut-off
devices, necessary to cause the pipes to sound, is warranted;
Secondly, in a simple apparatus by which, through pipes of of an inch in diameter,
air is admitted to, or let out of the wind-chest, by means of the claviers, and thus
the desired locking-devices of the pipe-holes are opened by the change of air-
pressure;
Thirdly, in a manual instead of the actual register-stops, with a device to cause
several registers, at pleasure, to sound or to be silent at the same time, the whole device
being called "balance-register-clavier";
Fourthly, in a pneumatic coupling of the different claviers to each other, that is to
say in a device by which the movements of any key of one clavier can be transmitted
to the pipe of the other claviers; this coupling may also be such as to unite the voices
of the claviers in octaves.
On the accompanying drawing the figs. 2 to 5 are given double the size of
1 and 6-8 and the figs. 9 to 12 showing details are cousiderably larger than those first

page_text: Sheet I, figure 1 is a plan of the wind-chest and its connections with the
claviers;
The part A represents the wind-chest and its connections with the balance-register-
clavier, the pneumatic-action-cylinders being taken off ;
The part B is a similar view, the air-ducts 11 being omitted; the part C represents
-the wind-chest, the cover being taken off in order to show the pneumatic-action-
cylinders with the apertures for admitting air;
The part D shows the cover provided with holes for the pipes;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the wind-chest following line E-F in the half
size figure 1;
•
Fig. 3 is a section following line G-H in fig. 1 in larger size, it being supposed
that each seperate tone is used for one clavier only;
Fig. 4 is a section in larger size, following line I-K in figure 1, the arrangement
being so that the same tone can be caused to sound by one pipe-valve only, indepen-
dently of one or the other of the claviers or by both simultaneously; fig. 5 is a
longitudinal section, following line L-M in fig. 1.
Sheet II, fig. 6 shows the arrangement of the mechanisms for playing on an upper
manual, a lower manual and a pedal, and their connections with the appertaining
wind-chests 6° and 6b.
Fig. 6 is the cross-section of the pneumatic wind-chest, following line N-O
through fig. 1 on sheet I, and its pipo leading to the balance-register-clavier-mechanism
fig. 6;
Fig. 6b is a view of the wind-chest for the pedal and its connection with the
mechanism of the balance-register-clavier fig. 6 ;
Fig. 7 is across-section of the clavier-beain:
Fig. 8 is a front-view of the same;
Figs. 9 to 11 represent the pressure-action on an enlarged scale by which all voices
can be caused to sound or to be silent, namely: fig. 9 in repose, fig. 10 after working,
fig. 11 in the moment of returning into repose;
Fig. 12 represents a key of fig. 6, considerably enlarged.
The pneumatic wind-chest represented by fig. 3, is supposed to be constructed for
four register-pipes and is arranged in such a manner as to allow of playing on
all four registers by one manual, or of playing on two of these registers only
by a second manual. The arrangement however, may also be so that all registers
or each of the same can be acted on, directly and at pleasure, by a second or third
manual.
As shown in the figs. 2 and 6ª the frame a a of the wind-chest is closed at the top
by the pipe-boards 6 which rest on cross-beams d, at their joints c.
To increase the capacity of bearing of the cross-beams d, they are provided
underneath with anglo-irons, in order to secure the pipes in an immovable and certain
position.
The bottom of the wind-chest is formed by the valve containing boards e upon
which are fixed the pneumatic-action-cylinders belonging to the relative register, the
wind-chest being closed airtight by this means.
In these boards e are arranged the small air-channels y communicating with the
interior of the wind-chest, the channels thus being provided with organ wind as soon
as the wind chest is filled with air which through the said channels g acts upon
interior parts of the cylinders f
the
Another series of smaller channels is arranged in the boards e; these channels h
being filled with air by the function of the register-keys. As soon as the entrance of
air is shut off from these channels, the relative register will be prepared for being
played on, so that the impulse, given by the clavier, acts upon all cylinders f communi-
cating with the said channels.
This arrangement is for providing each register with two or more channels,
and for connecting the same with two or more claviers, and thereby rendering
it possible to play on the relative register from different claviers independantly.

page_text: In order to close the pneumatic-action-cylinders airtight at both ends, stays i and
screw-bolts & are provided, by means of which the board e and the pipe-board 6 of the
wind-chest can be connected to each other.
Directly underneath the board e crossing the wind-chest at the bottom, wooden
ledges are placed, each of which contains, for every key, two channels and, the
channels belonging to one clavier and the channels to an other clavier.
These channels communicate, at each tone and at each register, with the interior of
the cylinder, situated above, and thus any change in filling these channels with
organ-wind or, after its dispersion, with atmospheric air, will act upon the interior of
the cylinders f
At the outer side of the wind-chest is arranged a controlling apparatus m containing
the necessary valves for the entrance and escape of air.
Figure 3 shows the interior of a cylinder in its position in the wind-chest, and
its connection with the controlling apparatus m, provided with channels n and o and
two valves and r.
7
In this figure a construction is supposed in which each single
tone of a register can be used for one clavier only, while figure 4 represents an
arrangement in which the same tone can be caused to sound, independantly of one or
other of the claviers or of both simultaneously, by one pipe-valve only.
As shown in the figs. 3 and 4, y is the bore in which the plunger u can play, up and
down easily according as the cylinder is used for one (fig. 3) or two claviers (fig. 4),
bores 6 which lead into the upper part of the bore y are arranged in such a manner
as to combine the top part of the plunger v with the exhaust channel 1, by the air-
duct 11.
Above the bore y, the cylinder f, is prolonged in the form of a thin cylindrical
post, provided with a vertical bore 7 and above the same with another bore 10.
through which the wind passes to the pipe-hole.
To prevent the compressed air which acts beneath the plunger v (fig. 4), from
passing over to the upper side of the same, a membrane 4 of leather is attached to
the lower side of the plunger; the rim of this membrane is glued over a wooden
ring 5.
ย
A wire 1 which passes through the plunger and the bores 7 and 10 of the post,
is fixed at the lower side of the plunger by means of a screw-nut. The upper end
of this wire supports the valve z by which an airtight closure of the bore 10 can be
effected. In the top of the post, two, three or more bores 8 are made, the number
of the same varying according to the diameter of the said top; thus, if the wind-chest
is filled with organ-wind, the pressure existing below the valve, endeavours to lift
the latter.
To prevent the valve from opening of itself and the air from escaping, a weight 2,
corresponding to the weight of the plunger and to the diameter of the bore, is arranged
on the upper side of the plunger. This weight must be such as to allow the plunger v
to rise easily and quickly as soon as air-pressure acts upon the same from below,
fig. 4, and in other cases, fo keep the hole 10 closed airtight by the valvez, fig. 3.
As air of the same pressure does not act only through the bores 9 which lead from
the bores S to the central bore 7 (intended for wire 1), upon the upper side of the
plunger, but also through the channel g upon the lower side of the plunger, the latter
will be kept down, if the weight 2 is properly regulated and the hole 10 thus kept
closed constantly.
As stated above the plunger is provided with a membrane by which the pressure-
air contained in the channel y is prevented from passing over to the bore y and is thus
forced to act upon the lower side of the plunger v, whilst the upper side of the latter,
during this action, comes into communication with the exhaust-channel l, through the
air-ducts 6 and 11, as soon as the small valve 12 hangs down perpendicularly in the
chamber 13, tigs. 3 and 4.
The valve 12 serves to close either the bores 6 and 11, leading to the exhaust
channel, or the channel h, leading to the register.
The above mentioned controlling or detaching apparatus m, fig. 3, consists of two
channels and o, the former of which is open at both ends, whilst the latter is closed

page_text: but remains in constant communication with the interior of the wind-chest, through
the air-duct o, and is thus supplied with organ-wind.
For
The exhaust tube is in communication with the air-duct o by the bore to.
each tone is arranged, below the said channel o, a separate little bore which can be
closed by a corresponding valve r; and which remains open as long as no tone is
produced.
Circular valves q are arranged in the interior of the channel n, for each key; these
valves are connected with the valves r, by thin wires, in such a manner that the
valve r closes the corresponding bore at the same time as the valve 9 opens the bore
below it. Below the bore closed by valve q, another larger bore u is provided which
bore has two divisions formed by a membrane t. The upper division communicates
with the exhaust-tube l, the lower with the tubes which is led as far as the clavier.
Tube s is filled with atmospheric air, the mechanism being in repose.
The membrane t is connected to the lower end of the wire 1 which combines
valves 9 and r and therefore at the time with channel n. Supposing the wind-chest is
filled with organ-wind, this wind will enter through the channels o', o, the opened
valve T, and the channel 10, and the exhaust tube, whence it passes into the bore u
and causes pressure upon the upper side of the membrane t, the lower side of which is
acted upon only by light atmospheric air contained in the tube s. In fixed proportion
to the greater diameter of exhaust tube I compared with the bottom of valve g, the
membrane t is, forced down; thus the valve g is pressed upon its seat and the exhaust-
tube closed airtight.
If now one cylinder or all cylinders are to be set in action, the exhaust-tube /
must be put in communication with the upper side of the plunger v; this will be
arrived at by opening the channel h at one end to allow the atmospheric air to enter
said channel h.
The small valve 12 rests on the hole which leads to channel h, figs. 3 and 4, and
thus the air-ducts 11 and 6 are opened, and communication obtained between exhaust-
tube and the upper side of the plunger v. In a possible change of the air's weight
in the tubes 1, this change will act upon the little plungers which are in connection
with them by the said valves.
On the pressing down of a clavier-key, organ-wind is admitted into the corre-
sponding tube 3; this wind enters below the membrane t, and air of the same pressure
acts upon the upper surface of the membrane. Under these circumstances the air-
pressure in tube 1 acting on bore u, suffices to lift valve q, by which the motive-air
enters the channel n and lifts at the same time the valve ŕ in such a manner as to
close the channel o airtight, and to prevent the rushing in of wind from the wind-
chest through bore w, to tube l. Therefore tube is filled now with air of atmospheric
pressure which, as the valve 12 is open, passes through bores 11 and 6 to the upper
side of plunger v, but as in this moment, the air beneath plunger and beneath
valve z is of greater density than the air above plunger v, the latter is lifted with great
velocity, whereby valve is opened and the organ-wind allowed to pass through the
bores 8 over to the pipe arranged above these bores. At the same time bore 7 is
closed airtight by the leather-plate 3 on weight 2 so that the rushing in of air at this
point is rendered impossible, fig. 4.
As soon as the key is liberated, atmospheric air enters again tubes; the air-pressure
in the channel o opens valve r and allows the entrance of the compressed air
through w and into u, closing at the same time valve 9 by the descension of
membrane t; therefore the communication through channel n is cut off. The organ-
wind passes again from over plunger v, which falls now by the pressure of weight 2,
drawing with it valve z and closing bore 10 so that the rushing in of air to the pipe
ceases, fig. 3.
The closing of hole 10 by valvez, that is to say the descension of plunger v can be
performed also, whilst the key is kept pressed down, by allowing the organ-wind to
pass (by means of a device hereinafter referred to) into channel by drawing a
register key 18. The air enters by valve 12 into chamber 13 and closing at the same
time air-duct 11, that is to say the communication between tube and the space above

page_text: the plunger o, it passes through 6 and enters the space over this plunger v, whereby
the pressure from below is balanced, so that the plunger is pressed down by
weight 2 the hole 10 is closed by valve z, and the sound stopped.
By the descending of plunger the leather-plate 3 on weight 2 opens immediately
bore 7 and consequently allows wind enough to enter into the bores 9 and over the
plunger v, so that its descension and the closing of hole 10 is secured in the same sure
and precise manner as its opening.
In fig. 3, where only one cylinder ƒ is arranged for one clavier, it is supposed that
neither a tone nor a register is prepared for playing. Fig. 4 on the other hand shows
a cylinder arranged for two claviers; channel h, on the right hand, is filled with wind
and therefore valve 12 closes tube 1, that is to say the way to the space over the
plunger in this case it is not possible to play upon the register by using the
relative clavier. On the left side however, valve 12 is in such a position as to allow
free communication through tube to the space over the plunger », thus it will be
possible to play upon the register.
ひ
The air-duct 11, on the right, discharging into tube of one clavier while air-
duct 11 on the left, is in communication with tube 1 of the other clavier, it will be
possible to make one tone sound on two claviers by using only one stream of air.
In fig. 6 the pneumatic-action apparatus I II III are shown, in a small size, in
their construction, viz. for the upper manual 14, for the under manual 15, for the pedal,
and their pneumatic couplings IV and connections with the wind-chests. It can be
seen in fig. 6 that pneumatic couplings IV join the apparatus II and III and that
instead of the usual stop-pulls there is a balance-register-clavier V arranged between
the manuals 14 and 15. The keys 18 of this clavier V are arranged on double-armed
levers, (fig. 12,) their surface forming with that of the manuals an angle of 45 degrees,
and in such manner as to allow of their being moved up and down about half an inch
in the notches of the clavier-beam, (fig. 7.)
In proportion to the size of the organ, harmonium, or other instruments of the same
sort, the clavier-beam 17 can be of any length and may project on both sides beyond
the key-board of the manuals; therefore it is easy to arrange 50 or more keys in one
line.
With a greater number of registers two claviers may be placed one above the
other.
One, two or more small knobs 20, fig. 8, are below each of the keys, and serve to
prepare the desired registers for any kind of tone or sound desired, by pushing in
these knobs so that all voices can be made to sound, or to be silent by one pressure on
the knobs 29, which are under the manual of the lower clavier 15-by which action
all registers played upon before remain still in readiness for playing on-as well after,
as hefore the combination.
All registers played upon before can be caused to be silent simultaneously by means
of the pressure-knob, 29a similar to those 29, wind is prevented by means of tube 45
from entering channel 22, so that the tone-coloring prepared by the combination is
alone heard.
The knobs 29 correspond with those 20 which are placed below the keys 18. Two
or three knobs 21 are placed between the keyboard of the upper manual 14 and that
of the under manual 15 (fig. 6), according as to whether two or more preparation-
knobs 20 are found under each register key. These knobs 21 are always pushed off,
as they are pushed out by the double lever 27, mounted on a shaft, as soon as a
combination is prepared by one or more knobs 20. In case it is desired to stop this
preparation for combinations, it requires only a slight pressure on one of the knobs 21
to force out all the corresponding knobs 20, which action will cause the preparation
of the registers to cease.
Small plates 28 of china, metal or any other suitable material with the names of the
registers corresponding to the keys 18, are placed over each of them.
The clavier-beam (fig. 7), consisting of three parts 17, 30 and 31 screwed together,
is provided with grooves 22, 24 and 25. Between these grooves is a small closed
slit 23 for each key, provided with a bore for tube 26 which has a diameter of of an
inch. This tube 26 is, as shown in Fig. 6, connected with the wind chest of the great

page_text: organ or the pedal organ, and leads in front of the channel, into a releasing device
(not shown, but arranged similarly to that before the channel (,) or into a similar
device with double valve, by means of which the channel can be brought into
communication with compressed air, or with atmospheric air, the arrangement being
such that when compressed air is admitted to tube 20, such compressed air causes the
valves in front of channel to open the same and bring it into communication with
atmospheric air.
A small bolt 32 having a longitudinal slit 33 jointed, by a link 19, to the one arm
of register key 18 (fig. 12). Such bolts are also to be found in the interior of the
clavier-beam on the knobs 20 (fig. 6, V). The bolts 32 slide easily between the upper
part 17 and the middle piece 30 of the clavier-beam, the same as the bolts on the
knobs 20 do, between middle piece 30 and under part 31 of said beam.
Slit 33 of bolt 32 communicates (figs. 6 and 7) with channel 22, through middle
piece 30 with slot 23, and the slits in the bolts of knobs 20 (fig. 6) communicate with
those in the middle piece 30 and under part 31 of the clavier-beam; they thus join
slot 23 with channel 24 or channel 25 in accordance as to whether the first or the
second knob is to work.
Channel 22 is always supplied with organ-wind when the knob 29" is at rest;
if 29 be pressed in, the compressed air is cut off from pipe 80 and channel 22, while
the channels 24 and 25 receive active wind only by pressing in knob 29; therefore it
can be worked only on such voices, as are prepared by knobs 20 for combination
purposes. In the case of stopping the admission of air by one of the said knobs, the
corresponding voices are silenced immediately.
The register keys 18 (fig. 12) are double-armed levers with the pivot in the middle
and project with their front ends about half an inch over the under edge of the
vaulted clavier-beam (fig. 6).
It suffices to press slightly on the lower end of the key 18 in question to make the
corresponding register ready to be played upon; on the contrary a slight pressure
at the upper end is sufficient to get the register out of action.
All organs and musical instruments of this kind have been provided till now with
stops by which the voices are prepared for playing. These stops arranged over the
keyboard are to be drawn out from one to four inches, when it is desired that the keys
played upon may produce the corresponding tones. By pushing in these stops, the
voices are set out of action and caused to be silent.
For combination purposes two knobs have been hitherto arranged, namely, either
for sounding or for being silent so that one knob produces a contrary effect to the
other or one knob is arranged for detaching the others: for instance, the third
detaches the second, the fourth the third and the first both the fourth and second.
All these arrangements are very inconvenient for the performer and are now entirely
replaced by the knob contrivances (figs. 6, 9, 10 and 11) described hereafter.
Instead of the usual stop-pulls the present invention makes use of the "balance-
register-clavior (fig. 6, V) which has so many keys 18 as the organ has registers
and couplers.
23
The figures 9 to 12 represent, details for the knob-arrangement 29 in a larger size.
As may be perceived in fig. 9, knob 29 can slide in box 79 which is made of ebony or
other suitable material and attached to clavier-board 78. At the interior end of
knob 29 a wire 81 is fastened and wooden nuts 83, 84 and 88 are attached. The
singularly formed nut 83, when in repose, its oblique level is in perpetual contact with
stopping latch 90 on spring 82. This latch slides over the level of nut 83.
Spring 87 pressing on nut 84 now also reaches the adjusting screw 86 and the
performer, is conscious of a perceptable resistance, by which he knows that the
stoppage is effected-and that on the withdrawal of his finger, knob 29 and those
devices connected with it, cannot return to their former position (fig. 11).
"
By pushing, in knob 29, the movable wooden arm 85 which at first was laying
on 91, lifts spring 82 provided with latch 90, and remains in a fixed position to this
spring. In the moment of stopping, female screw or nut 83 reaches the arm 85
(fig. 10).

page_text: A slight pressure only on knob 29 suffices to cause the registers, in readiness by,
knobs 20, to sound, and to continue this sounding in the position arrived at (fig. 10).
As already mentioned organ-wind is found in the channels 24 and 25 only when
its entrance is effected by knob 29 that is to say by pressing down this knob.
Wire 81 is firmly connected with a bolt, which is arranged precisely in the same
manner as bolt 32 already described (fig. 12) and leads according to the number of
contrivances for combinations in each register, into one, two or three channels 80,
which are in the ledge (fig. 6). These channels are always filled with organ-wind
and communication is established between them and the channels 24 and 25, or as
it is shown in the drawing, with one of them by slots in the bolt, which slots agree
with tube 44. By the pressure on knob 29 the said slots will be free and the organ-
wind can pass without obstacle through tube 44 into channel 24 or channel 25.
If it is desired to silence the registers, the pressure on knob 29 must be repeated
a little harder, by which action, wire 81 is pushed rather more; nut 83 now draws
with it arm 85 which lifts spring 82 little by little until wire 81 and said arun 85
form a right angle (fig. 11), and spring 82 is in such a position that nut 83 can pass
freely under latch 90 by which movement the pressure-devices are detached and
brought back to their former state. By releasing knob 29 metal spring 87 causes
wire 81 to spring back; spring 82 is held up by arm $5 until latch 90 reaches its
former position behind female screw 83 (fig. 9). Knob. 29 is thrust out until wooden
nut SS touches ledge 92.
.:
The pneumatic-action-apparatus I, II, III, represented in fig. 6, consist chiefly of
the cases 58, 59 and 60 which when used are filled with organ-wind. For each
key corresponding circular metal-valves 61, 62; 63, 64; 65 are found in these cases
and the weight of such valves is so calculated that the touching of the claviers is
rendered easy and precise.
Beneath these cases and under said valves other metal valves 53 of half the size,
but the same number, are arranged and connected, by wire, with valves 61-62, or
63, 64 or 65 respectively and with the corresponding levers 66, 67 and 68.
Both valves are adjustably fixed on a pushing wire 69, 70 or 71, which is arranged
with the top end in a perforated ledge and with the bottom end is guided in the small
lever in such a manner that valves 61, 62, or 63, 64 cover and close the bore beneath
and valve 53 that above it. To ensure a good closing of the bores and an elastic
touch on the clavier, the valves are provided with felt or leather.
Levers 66, 67 and 68 are either in direct contact with the keys, or they are connected
with their corresponding keys by wire.
The working of the apparatus is as follows:
When a key is pressed down, one of the metal valve-pair 61, 62, or 63, 64 or
valve 65 is lifted; these valves 61, 62, 63, 64 and 65 open the bores beneath, whilst
valves 53, at the same time, close the small bore above. Valve 53 already closes this
bore when valves 61, 62 or 63, 64 or 65 are lifted about 4 of an inch, but by the
elasticity of the felt or leather, valve 53 allows the lifting of the other valves till
an inch or more.
of
Organ-wind is admitted by opening valve 65 into the bore underneath it and into
leading-tube 39, according as one or the other clavier is to be played on, the wind will
enter into tube 37 or 38.
+
As the tubes 37, 38 and 39 need only to be connected with air-duct s that is to say
to establish communication between the pneumatic-action-apparatus and its corre-
sponding wind-chest, it is of no consequence how and where the claviers are arranged
in the organ, if there are two, three or more claviers and if two, three or more pneumatic-
action-apparatus are placed one above the other connected with their corresponding clavier.
A diameter of of an inch is sufficient for all air-ducts to connect wind-chest and
pneumatic-action-apparatus even supposing the greatest distance occurring in practice
to be between them, the tones will be repeated correctly and entirely.
Pneumatic coupling-apparatus IV, consisting substantially of a thin wooden
board 34 of the same length as the clavier, is arranged below the pneumatic action
apparatus I and II. For each key, compartment's 35, 36 are cut in board 34; tubes

page_text: 37 and 38 lead, the first from compartment 35, the second from 36 to tubes of the
common wind-chest of the great and the upper organ. If these organs have each a
separate wind-chest, tube 38 leads them into the wind-chest of the great organ and 37
into that of the upper one.-Air-ducts 40, 41, 42, cut into wooden plates, lead to the
compartments 35 and 36; air-duct 42 discharging into bore 50 of action-apparatus II
intended for the upper organ whilst the air-ducts 40 and 41 communicate with bore 49
of apparatus for the great organ. Besides this, bore 49 is connected directly by
air-duct 43 with compartment 36 and therefore also with tube 38.
Air-duct 41 is so arranged, and with the compartment 35 and air-duct 37 so
connected, that the bass C of the upper organ and the c of the great organ are
combined. This air-duct, coming from the first clavier of apparatus I discharges into
the thirteenth cell of compartment 35. For instance if wind be admitted through the
first valve 61 into air-duct 41 of apparatus I, it will enter the thirteenth air-duct 37.
Striking now the first tone of the lower clavier, the 13th tone of the upper organ will
sound and the same happens in corresponding manner with all the rest of the
claviers 14 and 15.
Concerning the pneumatic action-apparatus III serving for the pedal organ, an
air-duct 46 leads to the cell 52, which branches off to the outlets 48 and 47, the first
leading to compartment 35 of the upper organ and the second 47 to cell 36 of the
great organ.
In order to keep the apertures 40, 41, 42, 43, 47 and 48 continually open, the
valves of the air-ducts, discharging into the compartments 35 and 36 are so arranged
that they hang down freely. Orifices 42 and 43 which serve for direct communication
only with the air-duct 37 or 38 respectively, are provided with valves only to prevent
the wind, after entering by an other air-duct, from returning by 42 or 43 to the
pneumatic action apparatus and from rushing out by the open valve 53 beneath.
Behind the compartments, that is to say cells 35 and 36 are long straight
channels 54, 55, 56 and 57 which are closed on one side and divided in their middle
by adjustable leather-plates. These plates are provided with wire-rods which push
the corresponding valves hanging over the apertures 40, 41, 47 and 48.
The righthand compartment of these channels 54, 55, 56 and 57 is always filled
with organ-wind as long as the bellows are working. At the time of this action, the
valves are pressed closely on the apertures by the wires for preventing the rushing in
or out of wind through them.
If now one of the pueumatic couplings is to be set in action, organ-wind must be
let in on the left side of the leather-plate, that is to say the side where are the pins
or wire-rods and this plate will take the position as in 54 and 56. The wire connected
with the leather-plate liberates the corresponding valve as shown before the orifices 41
and 48, that is to say opens the aperture, and allows the action-wind entering the
corresponding air-ducts, and setting in action the pneumatic apparatus appertaining
thereto. If organ-wind be let into the right-hand division of the channels by a suitable
arrangement so that the leather-plates take the position as shown at 55 and 57-the
coupling is thereby put out of action.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1.) In organs and all instruments of the organ kind, the pneumatic-action-wind-
chest, by which
a) The closing and opening of the reed-valves z (figs. 3 and 4) is effected by
air-dncts of of an inch in diameter, solely and automatically in using the
difference of the air pressure, and not as hitherto by the usual stops;
b) Two or more channels are arranged for only one register (fig. 4); the
channels being provided with valves 12 which hang freely and close them and
connecting two or more claviers with this register so as to be able to play
upon the same by two or more claviers independently, only one reed-valve
being required.

page_text: 2.) The cylinders ƒ (figs. 3 and 4), being placed between the valve containing
board e and pipe-board & consisting of cylinder z, plunger e, moving inside it, with
weight 2, leather-plate 3 and valve z, mounted upon wire 1, further consisting of the
wooden ring 5, placed within fand having glued to it a membrane 4, fastened to the
under-side of the plunger v.
3.) The detaching contrivances m (fig. 3) consisting of the channels n and o,
provided with valves 9 and r respectively, of the air-ducts o¹, w and u, and the
membrane t, connected with valves and by wire, in combination with the wind-
chest, exhaust-channel and tube s, all arranged in such a manner that by playing on
the claviers, the equilibrium of the air-pressure in tubes and cylinders can be
maintained or released at pleasure.
4.) The balance-register-clavier (fig. 6), arranged over the manuals in place of the
stops hitherto used and consisting of: the register-keys 18 (fig. 12), being double-
armed levers, which move in the notches of the clavier-beam (fig. 11); the knobs 20
(figs. 6 and 8) for combination-register-action, being in connection with channels 22, 24
and 25; the knobs 21, necessary for liberating the combination-knobs 20 in combina-
tion with levers 27; the knobs 29 and 29 with the contrivance represented in
figs. 9, 11 and 12, by which-from pressure knob 29-the voices prepared by
knobs 20 can be set in action to sound or be silenced by automatically detaching-
action, and by which-from knob 29-the entrance of wind through tube 45 to
channel 22 is prevented.
5.) The pneumatic-action-apparatus I, II and III (fig. 6), consisting of the
cases 58, 59 and 60, for each key in combination with the coupling apparatus V and
with metal tubes of of an inch in width which connect them with the wind-chests.
6.) The apparatus IV (fig. 6) for coupling the claviers to each other, by the
arrangement of which the wind coming through tubes 37, 38 and 39 can work at
the same time upon the air contained in the air-ducts of another clavier; this
apparatus consisting chiefly of a board 34 having for each key a compartment 35
or 36 into which lead tubes 37 and 38 respectively; air-ducts 40, 41, 42 43, 46, 47, 48
connected with the pneumatic-action-apparatus I, II and III; the channels 54, 55, 56
and 57, which are divided each by movable leather-plates, provided with wire pins,
for pushing the corresponding valves hanging over the discharge of the tubes 40, 41, 47
and 48, that is to say closing and opening the discharge of the said tubes into the
compartments 35 and 36 and so preventing or allowing the air coming from thence to
enter the said compartments and tubes 37 and 38 so that the coupling-on and off of
the different claviers is to be done pneumatically and therefore, as soon as one tone is
made to sound by playing upon several claviers, independently of the others, one
reed-closing-valve sufficient.
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