IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING FACTORIES, SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, AND OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ALSO PRIVATE HOUSES OR APARTMENTS
Year: 1874

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LETTERS PATENT to Stephen Ballard, of Colwall, in the County of
Hereford, and Matthew Pitts, of the Firm of Pitts and Binner, of
Stanningly, near Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING
FACTORIES, SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, AND OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ALSO PRIVATE
HOUSES OR APARTMENTS."
Sealed the 10th November 1874, and dated the 28th May 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stephen Ballard and
Matthew Pitts at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th May 1874.
We, STEPHEN BALLARD, of Colwall, in the County of Hereford, and
MATTHEW PITTS, of the Firm of Pitts and Binner, of Stanningly, near
Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR WARMING AND
VENTILATING FACTORIES, SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, AND OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ALSO
PRIVATE HOUSES OR APARTMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an arrangement of apparatus through

page_text: which a large quantity and a continual supply of fresh air slightly warmed
may be brought into the room or apartments without draught.
The air is brought in from the exterior of the building through large
openings in the outside walls, is passed through between or around
copper or other metal casings, tubes, or vessels through which warm or
hot water is circulating. The air by this means is warmed as it passes
round the metal casings, tubes, or vessels, the effect of which is the
warmed air rises rapidly upwards through a conductor which is provided
into the rooms.
The admission of air is regulated by doors or other suitable means.
The warm air coming into the room or apartment in large quantities
drives out the vitiated air which passes away up the chimney or at any
other outlet.
The temperature of the air may be varied at pleasure by regulating
the heat in the warm water circulating boiler. By this process of warming
the air when it is required that a room or building should be speedily
warmed, the external air is shut off and not admitted to the apparatus,
but the air contained in the building or room is made to circulate and
pass through the heating apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Stephen Ballard and Matthew Pitts in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 28th November 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, STEPHEN
BALLARD, of Colwall, in the County of Hereford, and MATTHEW PITTS,
of the Firm of Pitts and Binner, of Stanningly, near Leeds, in the
County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Stephen Ballard and Matthew Pitts, Her
special licence that we, the said Stephen Ballard and Matthew Pitts,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
"

page_text: Stephen Ballard and Matthew Pitts, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR WARMING
AND VENTILATING FACTORIES, SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, AND OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS,
ALSO PRIVATE HOUSES OR APARTMENTS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Stephen Ballard and Matthew Pitts, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or one of our or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Stephen Ballard and Matthew
Pitts, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked
thereon, that is to say:
This Invention consists in an arrangement of apparatus through
which a large quantity and a continual supply of fresh air slightly
warmed may be brought into the room or apartment without draught.
The air is brought in from the exterior of the building through large
openings in the outside walls, is passed through between or around
copper or other metal casings, tubes, or vessels through which warm or
hot water is circulating. The air by this means is warmed as it passes
round the metal casings, tubes, or vessels, the effect of which is the
warm air rises rapidly upwards through a conductor which is provided
into the rooms.
The admission of air is regulated by doors or other suitable means.
The warm air coming into the room or apartment in large quantities
drives out the vitiated air which passes away up the chimney or by aný
other outlet.
The temperature of the air may be varied at pleasure by regulating
the heat in the warm water circulating boiler. By this process of
.

page_text: warming the air when it is required that a room or building should be
speedly warmed, the external air is shut off and not admitted to the
apparatus, but the air contained in the building or room is made to
circulate and pass through the heating apparatus.
In order that our Invention may be more completely understood
reference is given to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of apparatus with the covering removed;
Fig. 2, a side elevation; Fig. 3, a side elevation of casings, tubes, or
vessels; and Fig. 4, a sectional plan through A, B, of Fig. 1.
a is a pipe which we connect or couple to a boiler placed in any con-
venient position. To this pipe a we attach the casings, tubes, or
vessels b. At the top or upper part of these casings, tubes, or vessels, wo
attach another pipe c in a similar manner to the pipe a. The pipes a
and c are attached to the boiler in such a manner that the water when
heated is continually circulating through pipe a, casings, tubes, or
vessels 6, pipe c, and boiler. These casings, tubes, or vessels b, being
arranged and connected to the pipes a and c, as shewn at Fig. 1, form
what we term a "water battery" and enclose it within suitable covering
or box of wood, as shewn at d.
"
When preferred a brick or other equivalent covering or box may be
employed. We admit the cold air from the exterior through the inlet e,
which air takes the upward course, as shewn by arrows, but in order to
retard it for heating purposes we provide projecting pieces or deflectors f.
The air passing up, as shewn, through the heated "water battery
becomes warmed, continues its course upwards, and passes off at the
outlet g into the building required to be heated. The cold air inlet c
and the warm air outlet g may be closed at pleasure by means of the
doors and i. When the air from the interior of the building is required
to be heated with rapidity the cold air inlet e is closed and the door j
from the interior of the building is opened causing the air in the
building to circulate through the "water battery," and becomes much
more quickly heated than by the admission of cold air.
"
It will be readily understood that by a constant flow of fresh warm
air heated while passing through the warm “water battery as herein-
before described, produces a continuous change of atmosphere in the
various rooms in the buildings without the very oppressing influence
occassioned by the air becoming burnt as it does whilst in contact with
hot air stoves.

page_text: Our Invention does not merely warm the existing atmosphere in the
building as is the case when warm water pipes are employed, but
provides a constant supply of fresh (but warm) air which is exceedingly
healthy and invigorating.
We wish it to be understood that the "water battery "is by preference
made of copper, but not necessarily so, as other materials may be used
for that purpose; also any required number of casings, tubes, or vessels 6
may be employed in accordance with the size of the building or
apartment to which it is applied, and the amount of heat or ventilation
required, and the casings, tubes, or vessels b, may be placed when
preferred horizontally instead of vertically, as shewn on Drawings, and
in conclusion we would remark that we do not limit ourselves to the
exact limits, details, and configuration of parts we have explained and
shewn, as the same may of course be varied, or modified without in any
way departing from the nature of our Invention, but what we do claim
and desire to be secured to us by Letters Patent is,―
Firstly. The arrangement, construction, and application of the
casings, tubes, or vessels 6 for warming the air, substantially as hercin
set forth.
Secondly. The arrangement and combination of the various parts
forming the apparatus for warming and ventilating purposes, sub-
stantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Matthew Pitts, for myself and on
behalf of the said Stephen Ballard, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
MATTHEW DIV