Improvements in Dyeing Wool or other Animal Fibres in either the Raw or Manufactured State.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Dec., 1896
Complete Specification Left 16th Sent 1897-Accepted, 30th Oct., 1897
PROVISIONAL
Improvements in Dyeing Wool or other Animal Fibres in either the
Raw or Manufactured State.
We, F. A. GATTY AND COMPANY LIMITED, of Bannister Hall Works, near Preston,
in the County of Lancaster, Bleachers and Dyers, and VICTOR HERBERT GATTY, of
the same place, Bleacher and Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in dyeing wool or other animal fibres
(hereinafter referred to as wool) either in the raw state or spun into yarn or woven
into cloth, certain colours or shades ranging from green or olive to brown.
In carrying the improvements into effect we take a soluble salt of chromium
and a soluble salt of iron and to their solutions or a mixture of them we add
sufficient alkali to render the solutions basic. In a bath thus formed we immerse
the. woollen cloth or yarn or wool to be dyed until saturated and wring or squeeze
out the surplus liquor. The wool absorbs the basic oxides from their solution. a
longer immersion giving a fuller shade and vice versa but we prefer to regulate
the shade by the strength and proportions of the liquor used.
The wool is then dried in any suitable way and washed to remove any surplus
or unfixed colouring matter.
Dated this 18th day of December 1896.
H. B. BARLOW & GILLETT,
Agents for Applicants.
COMPL
Improvements in Dyeing Wool or other Animal Fibres in either the
Raw or Manufactured State..
We, F. A. GATTY AND COMPANY LIMITED, of Bannister Hall Works, near Preston,
in the County of Lancaster, Bleachers and Dyers, and VICTOR HERBERT GATTY, of
the same place, Bleacher and Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to improvements in dyeing wool or other animal fibres

page_text: (hereinafter referred to as wool) either in the raw state or spun into yarn or woven
into cloth, certain colours or shades ranging from green or olive to brown.
In carrying the improvements into effect we take a soluble salt of chromium
a soluble salt of iron and to their solutions or a mixture of them we add
sufficient alkali to render the solutions basic. :
or
For example we take a solution of any soluble salt of iron such as the sulphate
or acetate of a strength of about twenty degrees Twaddles Hydrometer and mix
therewith an equal amount of a solution of any soluble salt of chromium such as
the chloride or bisulphite of the same strength, and add thereto sufficient of a
solution of carbonate of soda or other suitable alkali to render the solutions basic.
In performing this we take the solutions of the normal salts and add thereto
a strong solution of carbonate of soda or other suitable alkali gradually and with
constant stirring until the point is reached where the precipitate which is at first
formed is no longer redissolved. We find that in the case of a mixture of equal
parts of the solutions of sulphate of iron and chloride of chromium at twenty
degrees Twaddle's hydrometer, an addition of three pounds of carbonate of soda
crystals to each four gallons of the mixed solutione is necessary to produce the
required result.
Where other salts or other proportions are used the requisite amount of alkali
must be determined experimentally.
Or we take basic solutions of the two salte produced in any other suitable and
convenient way such for instance, as by adding to the solutions of the normal salts
as much of the hydroxides of the respective metals as the solutions will dissolve.
We vary the strength and relative proportions of the two solutions of iron and
chromium salts according to the colour required. In a bath thus formed we
immerse the wool or woollen cloth or yarn to be dyed until saturated, and wring
or squeeze out the surplus liquor. The wool absorbs the basic oxides or salts
from their solution, a longer immersion giving a fuller shade and vice versa, but
we prefer to regulate the shade as well as the colour by the strength and proportions
of the iron and chromium salts in the liquor used. The wool (or woollen goods)
may then be packed together and left wet for several hours (suitable precautions
being taken to prevent uneven drying) to complete the absorption of the basic
oxides or salts, or the wool may be subjected to the action of steam or ammonia gas,
or of steam and ammonia
ammonia gas together, to complete the fixation of
the basic oxides or salts, or it may simply be dried in any suitable way after
wringing out the surplus liquor, or we may use any of these methods in combina-
tion. The wool is then washed to remove any surplus or unfixed colouring matter,
and after drying is then ready for use.
In like manner we may employ a single solution of either a soluble salt of iron
or of chromium, and after rendering it basic with an alkali or otherwise proceed
to dye wool or woollen cloth or yarn with it as described for the mixed basic
solutions.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
We wish it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves to any particular
proportions or strengths of the materials or substances employed but we declare
that what we claim is:-
1. Dyeing certain fast and permanent colours on wool or other animal fibres
either in the raw or manufactured state by fixing on the said wool or other animal
fibres basic oxides or salts of iron and chromium substantially in the manner
herein described.
2. Dyeing certain fast and permanent colours on wool or other animal fibres
either in the raw or manufactured state by fixing on the said wool or other anima
fibres a basic oxide or salt of either iron or chromium substantially in the manner
herein described.

page_text: 3. Wool or other animal fibres either in the raw or manufactured state having
fixed thereon basic oxides or salts of iron and chromium or iron alone or chromium
alone by either of the dyeing processes herein described.
Dated this 15th day of September 1897.
H. B. BARLOW & GILLETT,
17 St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for Applicants.