CERTAIN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING MECHANICAL POWER, ALSO CERTAIN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR IMPELLING OR RAISING FLUIDS
Year: 1837

page_text: WHEREAS His late most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of March, in the seventh year of
His reign, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-seven, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Henry Davies, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Henry Davies, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, and such others as I, the said Henry Davies, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING MECHANICAL POWER, ALSO
CERTAIN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR IMPELLING OR RAISING FLUIDS; "
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
Henry Davies, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, par-
ticularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and.immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
[Price 821

page_text: as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Henry Davies, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of Certain Improved Apparatus or Machinery for obtaining
Mechanical Power, also certain Improved Apparatus or Machinery for im-
pelling or raising Fluids, consists in improved constructions and arrangements
of machinery to be worked by the force of steain or by the pressure of water.
Also in improved constructions and arrangements of machinery for raising,
impelling, or forcing water, air, or other fluids. As I shall have occasien to
describe various modifications of these constructions and arrangements, I will
observe that certain parts of the apparatus or machinery are similar in the
several modifications, and that these parts are also similar to certain parts
of a rotatory engine for which I, the said Henry Davies, in conjunction with
William Taylor, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Engineer, obtained
His late Majesty's Royal Letters Patent, dated the Twenty-sixth day of April
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six, the Specification of which was
duly inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery, and to which Specifi-
cation I now refer for the better illustration of my present Invention. I would
also observe that one of the similar parts now referred to was called by way of
distinction (though not quite correctly) in the said Specification the cylinder,
and the other similar parts were called respectively the disc, the ball, and the
piston plate. I shall therefore adopt the same names for these similar part
in my present Specification. The first improved construction and arrange-
ment of apparatus or machinery I shall describe as an improvement on the
rotatory engine which is exhibited by the Figures numbered from 1 to 12
inclusive in Sheet 5 of the Drawings attached to the said Specification of the
said William Taylor and myself, and fully described in the said Specification
This improvement consists in a method of adapting the induction and eduction
ways or passages to what we call the cylinder of the engine by means of a
conical collar through which the shaft of the working disc passes, the induction
and eduction passages being formed within the cone, as will be more par-
ticularly described hereafter; and in an improved mode or method of packing
the centre ball within the cylinder to prevent the escape of steam or other
fluid. The several Figures in Sheet I of the accompanying Drawings repre-

page_text: sent this my first improved construction. Fig. 1 is a plan or horizontal view of
the engine; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through the same on one side of the
steam stop (or as I call it the piston), taken in the direction of the red dotted
line a, b, in Fig 4, in order to shew perfectly the induction and eduction
passages of the engine. Fig. 3 is another horizontal section taken on the
other side of the steam stop in the direction of the dotted line c, d, in Fig. 4,
which latter Figure is a vertical section taken through the side casing of the
engine in the direction of the dotted line e, f, in Fig. 2, for the purpose of
exhibiting the induction and eduction ways or passages; and Fig. 5 is another
similar section taken in the line g, h, in Fig. 2 for the same purpose. Fig. 6
is a sectional representation of the interior of the engine, one half of the
periphery of the outer case or cylinder being removed to expose the inlet and
outlet passages in the conical side of the cylinder. Figures 7 and 8 are
representations of the conical collar through which the ways or passages are
formed, shewn detached from the engine on an enlarged scale. Fig. 9 is
a longitudinal section taken vertically through the same in the line i, k, in
Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a transverse vertical section taken in the line l, m, in Fig. 7;.
and Fig. 11 is a similar section taken in the line n, o, in the same Figure.
A and B are the two parts or halves of what I have called the cylinder
connected together in the manner described in the before-named Specification
of Taylor and Davies. C is the shaft of the cylinder turning in proper
bearings; D is the steam stop, or what I have called the piston; E is the
disc or plate which divides the interior of the cylinder, and is securely con-
nected with its ball G to the shaft F passing through the conical collar, and
also turning in proper bearings; H is the fixed or stationary conical collar
through which the induction and eduction passages are formed, and upon
which the cylinder revolves, instead of the cone being fixed upon the cylinder.
and revolving with it as described in Taylor and Davis's before-named
Specification. I is the induction and K the eduction passage leading to and
from the steam box at L. The operation of the engine is as follows:-
Supposing the parts to be in the situation shewn in the Figures, the steam or
other impelling fluid will pass along the induction passage I into the way
or passage a, a,a, formed within and around the conical collar H, from whence
t will pass through the way or passage b, b, formed within and around one
half of the conical side of the cylinder B, and enter the interior of the cylinder
by the way or passage c, c, c, opening from the narrow way b into the interior
of the engine close alongside of the transverse stop or piston D, and there,
y exerting its impelling force upon the surface of the cylinder stop, or piston
nd disc, will cause the disc to perform its required movements as stated in

page_text: the Specification of Taylor and Davies before referred to. At the same time
the steam or other fluid which occupies the other part of the interior of the
cylinder will make its exit by the opening or way d formed in the conical
part of the cylinder on the reverse side of the stop or piston D, and passing off
by the other way or passage e formed within and around the other half of the
conical part 1 of the cylinder, will enter the other way or passage f, formed
within and around the conical collar H, and from thence escape by the exit
pipe k. As soon as one half of the interior or chamber of the cylinder has
been filled with induction fluid the change in the sides or chambers takes
place, and that which has now been described as containing induction fluid
will be occupied with eduction, and the other half of the chamber which was
occupied with eduction fluid will be filled with induction, and so on, the half
chambers being occupied alternately with induction and eduction fluid,
there by keeping up the continuous rotatory motion of the engine, as described
in the before-mentioned Specification of Taylor and Davies. In order that
the conical collar H may remain packed tight upon the ball G, in case of
any wear, I have provided a packing or stuffing box at M around the
induction and eduction pipes, which will allow of their being forced up to
the ball by any convenient means. The packing on the other side of the ball
G is effected by metallic or other suitable packing at N; it may be formed
as a cup, and fitted into a recess in the side A of the cylinder. O is a rod
passing through a hollow part of the shaft C, and is moved towards the ball
as required by means of cotters or screws at P.
My second improvement consists in the adaptation of the improved appa-
ratus or machinery just described to the purpose of impelling or raising water
or other fluids, or to the purpose of impelling or forcing a blast of air or other
gas. This adaptation will be readily understood when it is considered that for
such purpose it is only necessary to communicate rotary motion to the cylinder
(so called) by means of some motive power applied thereto, when an action
similar to that just described, when this apparatus is used as an engine for
obtaining power, will take place, and fluid will be drawn into the cylinder
through the induction passages and expelled therefrom through the eduction
passages.
The next modification I shall describe of my improved construction
of apparatus and machinery is applicable only to the purpose of impelling
or raising fluids, and the construction of this is shewn in several Figures
in Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings. In this construction the cylinder
(30 called) is,stationary, and must be placed in the fluid to be impelled, and
motion is communicated to the disc by means of vibrating rods, which are

page_text: driven by a crank impelled by suitable motive power. Fig. 1 is a side
elevation of the engine as constructed and arranged for this purpose. Fig. 2
is a top or plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken in the
dotted lines a, b, in Figures 1, 2, and 5; and Fig. 4 is another similar section
taken in the line c, d. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the interior of the engine, the
upper half of the cylinder being removed to expose the parts. Fig. 6 is a'
detached representation of the disc with its pin. A, B, are the two parts of
the cylinder, which are fixed in any convenient manner; D is the piston or
stop; E, the disc or plate; G, the centre ball; F, the pin on the periphery of
the disc projecting through the slot I formed in the side of the cylinder. To
this pin the cross arms or levers K, K, are securely attached, their extremities
being connected to the rods L, L, jointed to the crank M upon the shaft N,
which is mounted, turning in proper bearings at 0, 0, and is to be actuated
or set in motion by a rigger and band passed from a steam engine or other
first mover, or by toothed gear, as most convenient. The slot or opening I
forms the induction passage for the fluid into the interior of the cylinder, the
fluid having free access through the slot to both sides of the disc, next to one
side of the piston or stop; and as the disc is made to perform its oscillating
movements the fluid on the other side of the piston or stop is forced by the
disc out of the interior of the cylinder through the exit passage P, and thence
through the discharge pipe Q, the peculiar movements of the disc or plate
being effected by the crank M. moving the pin F from side to side of the
cylinder, at the same time by means of the levers or arms K the pin is turned
alternately a portion of a revolution, and with it the disc, which is at all times.
during its movements kept in the same line or direction as the levers or arms.
K, K. I would here remark, that when this arrangement and construction of
engine is to be used for impelling a blast of air to the furnace of a cupola, or
for other purposes, the slot or opening I will be left open to the atmosphere,
and when it is to be used for impelling water or other liquid, it is to
be immersed in the liquid to be impelled, so that the same has free access
to the interior through the opening or slot I. It will be observed that in this
application of the engine there is no occasion for the ways or passages
c and d formed in the disc or plate next the stop or piston D, as in the former
instances when the engine is used as an engine for obtaining power, as the
fluid has free access into the engine on both sides of the disc.
My fourth improvement consists in an improved construction, arrangement,
or modification of the above improved machinery or apparatus to be applied to
the purposes of a forcing engine for impelling fluids from one situation to
another. In this modification the dividing plate or disc is made stationary

page_text: with its central ball and shaft, (which are hollow to form the induction and
eduction passages for the fluid), the cylinder being made to perform the requi-
site movements instead of the disc, by means of cranks and connecting rods
applied to its exterior, and which may be actuated by a steam engine or other
first mover. This improved construction is shewn in the several Figures in
Sheet 3 of the accompanying Drawings. The central ball is fixed or sta-
tionary, and is made hollow, with a partition dividing it into two chambers or
compartments. One of the chambers is open to a suction or supply pipe, and
is furnished with an induction passage for the fluid to the interior of the
cylinder, and the other chamber or compartment has an opening or way for
the exit of the fluid from the interior of the engine into the chamber of the
ball, which is also open to the discharge pipe; the cylinder, with its piston
or cross plate, being made to perform an oscillating and vibrating movement
on the ball as a centre, by means of cranks and connecting rods jointed to the
outer periphery of the cylinder or case, and actuated by a steam engine, water-
wheel, or other first mover. Fig. 1 is a top view of the forcing engine. Fig. 2
is a vertical section of the same, taken in the line a, b, in Fig. 1, shewing
the interior and the ways or passages of the engine, and the hollow ball.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken through the disc or plate and the hollow
ball in the line c, d, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a side view of the disc or plate with the
ball detached from the engine; and Fig. 5 is a plan view of the same.
Figure 6 is a section taken through the ball in the line e, f, in Fig. 4. A, B,
are the two parts of the engine. D is the disc or plate cast solid, with the
hollow ball G, which is divided by the partition a into the two compartments
c, d. The chamber c is open to the supply pipe e, and to the interior of the
cylinder by the induction passage f, f, formed within the disc, by which the
fluid makes its entrance into the interior of the cylinder through the narrow
slot or opening g, on one side of the piston or stop D, and fills this half or
portion of the interior of the cylinder. The fluid occupying the other half or
portion of the interior of the engine makes its exit by the way or passage à of
the disc on the other side of the piston or stop D, and flows by the eduction
way i of the disc into the other chamber d of the ball, and goes off by the exit
or discharge pipe k. H is a crank shaft, to be mounted upon proper bearings
or plummer boxes, in any convenient situation, and actuated by means of
toothed gear, or a rigger and band passed from a steam engine or other first
mover. Upon this shaft are to be mounted two cranks or excentrics I, I,
connected by rods K, K, to the outer flanges or rims of the cylinder by ball
and socket or other universal joints at L, L, the points of connection of
the rods to the cylinder forming a right-angled triangle with the centre of the

page_text: ball G, and as the crank shaft H is made to revolve, the cylinder will be made
to move with a vibrating and oscillating movement about the centre ball
G, without its performing a rotary motion, whereby the fluid will be drawn
up the supply pipe e through the induction passages ff, by the partial
vacuum formed within the cylinder on the one side of the disc, and the fluid
occupying the other half of the cylinder will be forced out by the disc through
the eduction passages h and i, and off by the discharge pipe k. The cylinder
of the engine is packed around the ball G at M, M, by metallic packing, or
in any convenient manner.
In my fifth modification the cylinder is made stationary, and the interior
disc or plate is caused to perform its required movements by means of a crank
and connecting rods applied to the edge or periphery of the plate through a
shot or opening in the cylinder. This modification is shewn in Sheet of the
accompanying Drawings, and consists in the application of the second described
engine for impelling or forcing fluids, and which is also shewn in this Sheet of
the Drawings) to the purposes of a forcing engine for impelling water or other
fluids without requiring that it should be placed in the fluid to be impelled.
The necessary alterations being made in the construction and arrangementand
adaptation of some of the parts for this purpose, for instance, the slot or
groove I, which is open in the former engine, is closed in this application, and
a supply pipe adapted to the cylinder on the opposite side of the piston or stop
to that next the discharge pipe, the disc being made to perform its requisite
movements by means of cranks and connecting rods attached to cross levers or
arms on the pin on the periphery of the disc in any convenient manner.
Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the engine. Fig. 8, a plan or horizontal view of
the same, and Fig. 9 is a partial cross section, to shew the cover of the slot I.
A, B, are the two parts of the cylinder. F, the pin fixed on to the periphery
of the disc, to which the levers or arms K, K, are securely attached, the ends
of the arms or levers being jointed to the connecting rods K* K* leading to
the cranks on the shaft, to be put in motion by the steam engine or other first.
I, I, is a sliding cover fitting into dovetailed grooves formed across
the cylinder, and is connected to the pin F by a proper stuffing box Q, by
which means the cover is made to slide with the pin in its movements across
the cylinder, and keep the aperture or slot I closed. R is the supply pipe
leading to the interior of the engine; and S is the discharge pipe. The action
of the workings parts in the interior of the engine will be understood from those
of the engine formerly described, and therefore it is not necessary for me to
repeat them. And in conclusion I would remark, that I propose to cover the
sides of the disc and also the conical sides of the cylinder with leather, in
mover.

page_text: both blast and pumping engines, to prevent the escape of fluid past the
junctions, and also to apply leather or other packing in all situations where
it is requisite.
And further, in conclusion, I would remark, that I claim as my Invention,
First, the improved construction and adaptation of induction and eduction
ways or passages, as applied to the rotary engine of Taylor and Davies before
mentioned, and the mode of packing the centre ball within the cylinder
thereof as described in this my Specification.
Secondly, the adaptation of the said improved rotary engine, apparatus, or
machinery to the purpose of impelling or raising water or other fluids, or to
the purpose of impelling or forcing a blast of air or other gas.
Thirdly, the various improved constructions of apparatus, machinery, or
engines, applied to the purpose of impelling or raising fluids, and described as
my Third, Fourth, and Fifth modifications in this my Specification, and shewn
in Sheets 2 and 3 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Davies, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven.
HENRY (L.S.) DAVIES.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of September,
in the first year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said Henry
Davies came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknow-
ledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained
and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of
the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Fifteenth day of September, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-seven.