New or Improved Machinery for Making or Moulding Dough into Loaves.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Jan., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Oct., 1890-Accepted, 8th Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Machinery for Making or Moulding Dough
into Loaves.
I, GEORGE LEWIS of Park Street Wellington in the County of Salop Baker and
Grocer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
My invention consists of machinery for making or moulding dough into loaves the
parts of the said machinery being constructed and combined and worked substantially
in the manner heroin after described. In combination with the moulding part of
the machinery I use automatic feeding mechanism herein after described for feeding
a determined quantity or weight of dough to the machine and also automatic
delivering mechanism herein after described for removing the moulded loaves from
the machine.
The moulding portion of the machinery consists essentially of a pair of horizontal
dies having in cross section when closed the figure of the vertical section of the
loaf to be moulded. The bottoms of the two dies are open and when the dies are
closed their open bottoms are closed by an endless belt or band having an inter-
mittent travelling motion given to it. Upon this endless travelling belt or band
the dough fed between the dies is supported during the operation of the dies upon
it; and after the dough has been moulded into a loaf it is delivered from the
machine by the motion of the said belt or band. The two dies have a rapid
reciprocating traversing motion given to them in opposite directions and have also a
slow motion at right angles to their traversing motion for opening and closing the
said dies. The said dies both in their traversing and cross motions work upon
dovetail or V slides. The rapid reciprocating traversing motion of the dies is
effected from a cranked shaft (which forms the driving shaft of the machine) and
connecting rods jointed to the dovetail or V slides and the cross motions by which
the dies are closed are taken from vertical cam shafts at opposite sides of the machine
the cams on the said shafts operating through roller levers upon the cross dovetail
or V slides of the said dies. When the cams no longer act upon the roller levers the
dies open by the action of springs.
The vertical cam shafts are actuated from a counter shaft driven by a band and
speed pulleys from the crank or driving shaft of the machine the ends of the said
counter shaft being provided with worms which gear with worm wheels on the said
vertical cam shafts.
The hopper into which the kneaded or prepared dough is placed to be fed to
the machine consists of a stationary vertical cylindrical chamber situated over the
dies the dough being pressed down in the said chamber by a close fitting piston
having a vertical rack with which a pinion gears the said pinion being actuated by
a worm and worm wheel or by hand or by motive power. The bottom of the
hopper is contracted and is circular in plan the said bottom being opened and closed
by a pair of horizontal cutters which also serve to cut off a determined quantity of
dough which has been delivered from the hopper. The opening of the hopper and
the closing of the said hopper and consequent cutting off of the delivered mass of
dough are automatically effected in the following manner. The cutters are carried on
the ends of the short arms of two cranked levers jointed together after the manner of
a pair of pincers. The long arms of the said cranked levers are connected together
by a curved or quadrant bar the ends of which work in slots in the said long arms of
the levers. The said bar has a sliding outward motion given to it by the action of
a cam situated on one of the cam shafts of the machine or on an independent shaft.
When this cam comes into action the long arms of the cranked levers are closed and

page_text: their short arms separated and the hopper is opened by the separation of the knives
on the said short arms. When the cam is taken out of action after a determined
quantity or weight of dough has been delivered from the hopper the long arms of the
levers open by the action of a spring and the short arms carrying the cutters approach
one another. The cutters are thereby made to close the bottom of the hopper and at
the same time cut off the mass of delivered dough which falls between the open dies
onto the endless supporting and delivering band or belt herein before described.
The endless travelling band or belt works over a pair of pulleys and motion is given
to the shaft of one of the said pulleys from one of the cam shafts of the machine by
means of a sliding clutch on the pulley shaft being thrown into and out of gear with
the pulley shaft at the proper times by the action of an eccentric or cam and adjuncts
on the cam or vertical shaft operating upon a collar and the latter upon the sliding
clutch. The clutch remains in gear with the pulley shaft sufficiently long to cause the
band to travel the required distance to carry the moulded loaf out of the machine.
The action of the machine is as follows. The dies being open a determined quantity
or weight of dough is delivered from the hopper between them into the now stationary
supporting and delivering band. The dies gradually closing while having a rapid
reciprocating motion in opposite directions give a rolling motion together with a
squeezing or kneading motion to the mass of dough and mould the said dough in the
dies into a loaf. The loaf having been moulded the dies open sufficiently wide to be
clear of the moulded loaf which is supported on the band which band now travels,
through such a distance as to remove the moulded loaf from between the dies. The
loaves as they are thus moulded may be conveyed by the travelling band near to the
mouth of the oven in which they are to be baked or elsewhere conveyed.
Dated this Fourteenth day of January 1890.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Machinery for Making or Moulding Dough into
Loaves.
I GEORGE LEWIS of Park Street Wellington in the County of Salop Baker and
Grocer do hereby declare the nature of my invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention consists of machinery for making or moulding dough into loaves
the parts of the said machinery being constructed and combined and worked sub-
stantially in the manner hereinafter described. In combination with the moulding
part of the machinery I use the automatic delivering mechanism hereinafter described
for removing the moulded loaves from the machine.
The moulding portion of the machinery consists essentially of a pair of horizontal
dies which have when closed the figure of the outline of the loaf to be moulded. The
bottoms of the two dies are open and when the dies are in their moulding position
their open bottoms are closed by an endless belt having an intermittent travelling
motion given to it. Upon this endless travelling belt the dough is placed and carried
between the dies and by the said belt is supported while the dies operate upon it;
after the dough has been moulded into a loaf it is delivered from the machine by the
motion of the said belt. The two dies have a rapid reciprocating traversing motion
given to them in opposite directions and they have also a slow motion at right angles
to their traversing motion for opening and closing them. The said dies both in their
traversing and transverse motions work upon dovetail or ✓ slides.
The rapid reciprocating traversing motion of the dies is effected by a double cranked
shaft (which also forms the driving shaft of the machine). The said cranks are fitted
upon connecting rods jointed to the dovetail or V slides and the transverse motions by
which the dies are closed are taken from vertical cam shafts at opposite sides of the

page_text: machine. The cams operate through roller levers upon the transverse dovetail or
V slides of the said dies. When the cams no longer act upon the roller levers the
dies open by the action of springs.
The vertical cam shafts are actuated from a counter shaft driven by a band and
speed pulleys from the crank or driving shaft of the machine, the ends of the said
counter shaft being provided with worms which gear with worm wheels on the
said vertical cam shafts; or bevil gearing may be employed in place of worm
gearing.
By the combination of the reciprocating motions in opposite directions with the
transverse motions which are given to the dies the dough fed between them has a
squeezing or kneading pressure given to it as the dies are gradually closed so
as to mould the dough between them and give to it the shape of an ordinary loaf
of bread.
The endless travelling belt works over a pair of pulleys and motion is given to the
shaft of one of the said pulleys from one of the cain shafts of the machine by means
of bevil gearing as hereinafter described.
I will now proceed to describe the manner in which my invention is to be performed
with reference to the accompanying drawings, corresponding letters being used to
indicate the same parts in the several figures.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation; Figure in plan and Figure 3 in end
elevation machinery constructed according to my invention for making or moulding
dough into loaves: Figures 4 and 5 represent in plan and end elevation two kinds of
dies which may be used in the machine, each die consisting of two longitudinal
halves having in transverse section, when closed, the figure of the loaf or half loaf to
be moulded (see the end elevations of Figures 4 and 5). The halves of the die are
marked respectively a and b. The bottoms of the halves of the die ab are closed by
the endless belt c to which an intermittent travelling motion is given by the mechanism
hereinafter described. The endless band c works over the two pulleys d' and d² and
the dough to be moulded into loaves is supported upon the said band while being
moulded by the dies a, b as hereinafter described. Each half die a, b is secured to a
carrier marked respectively a², 62 situated on opposite sides of the endless band c.
These carriers a² and 62 and the dies a and b which are connected to them have a rapid
reciprocating motion in opposite directions given to them by means of the cranks e, f
on the driving shaft g acting through the connecting rods / h the said carriers a², ²
working in their traversing motion upon the dovetail or ▼ slides i, i.
Instead of giving the rapid reciprocating motion in opposite directions to the.die
carriers and dies by means of cranks and connecting rods, the lever arrangement
situated below the bed of the machine represented in end elevation in Figure 6 and
side elevation in Figure 7 may, if preferred, be employed.
s is a lever turning on the centre t below the bed of the machine. The upper arm
of the lever s is connected by the link s² to the die carrier a² and the lower arm of
the said lever is connected through the crank rod with the crank e on the driving
shaft. By the rotation of the crank e a rapid reciprocating motion is given through
the levers and its connections to the die carrier a² as will be understood by an
examination of the drawing. The die carriers a³, 62 and the dies a, b besides the
traversing or longitudinal motions have also transverse motions given to them that is,
the two dies are made to approach one another during their traversing motion and
meet at the middle of the, for the time being, stationary belt c for moulding the loaf
and after the loaf has been moulded to retire from one another for the opening of the
dies. This is effected by mounting the die carriers a², 62 upon the cross upper dovetail
or V slides k, k (see Figures 1 and 2). The transverse notions of the die carriers a², 62
for closing the dies are effected by the mechanism next described and their return
motions, for cpening the dies, are effected by the coiled springs ll.
The mechanism for closing the dies during their traversing motion consists of the
upright rotating shafts m' and m² on opposite sides of the travelling belt c the said
rotating shafts m!, m² being provided with cams m³, m³ which give an outward motion

page_text: to the short arms of the roller levers m², m and thereby cause their longer arms to
operate upon the cross dovetail or V slides k, k and close the dies a b. When the
cams m³, m³ no longer act upon the roller levers m³, m¹ the dies a, b are opened or
withdrawn from one another by the action of the springs 1, 1 upon the cross dovetail
or V slides kk to which the die carriers are affixed. The vertical shafts m³, m² are
actuated from the countershaft m' by a band and speed pulleys m and m² from the
crank or driving shaft g of the machine, worms n n on the ends of the countershaft m³
gearing with worm wheels n², n² on the said vertical cam shafts m¹ m². Bevil gearing
may be substituted for the worm gearing represented if preferred.
The intermittent travelling motion of the endless band c onto which the dough to
be moulded is fed is taken from the rotating cam shaft m² in the following manner.
On the bottom of the cam shaft m² is a bevil' wheel pone half of the acting face of
which is provided with teeth, the other half being plain or without teeth. On the
cross shaft g of the pulley d of the travelling band c is a bevil pinion with which
the bevil wheel p gears. During one half of the rotation of the bevil wheel P motion
is given to the travelling band pulley by the teeth of the said wheel p gearing with
the bevil pinion r, but during the remaining half of the rotation of the said wheel p
no motion is given to the band pulley in consequence of the untoothed portion of the
said wheel p passing the pinion without operating upon it. While the bevil pinion p
is in gear with the pinion the band c is made to travel through a distance sufficient
to carry the moulded loaf out of the machine and while the band is stationary the loaf
is moulded. The action of the machine is as follows:-
The dies a, b on the carriers a², 62 being open or separated, a determined quantity
or weight of dough is delivered by hand or by mechanical means between them onto
the supporting and delivering band c when the latter is stationary, that is, during
the time that the pinion is not operated upon by the bevil wheel p. The dies a,
gradually closing while having a rapid reciprocating motion in opposite directions,
give a rolling motion together with a squeezing or kneading pressure to the mass of
dough and mould the said dough in the dies ab into a loaf or half loaf of the required
form. The loaf or half loaf having been moulded the dies a, b open sufficiently
wide to be clear of the same leaving it supported on the band c which band now
travels by the action of the bevil wheels p r through such a distance as to remove the
moulded loaf or half loaf from between the dies a, b. The said loaves after they are
thus moulded may be conveyed by the travelling band e near to the mouth of the oven
in which they are to be baked or elsewhere conveyed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my_inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim
as my invention :-
First Machinery for making or moulding dough into loaves the parts of which
machinery are constructed and arranged and worked substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the said machinery consisting
essentially of a pair of dies or of two horizontal half dies having when closed the
figure of the outline or a portion of the outline of a loaf or half loaf to be moulded
the said dies having a transverse motion for closing them and also a rapid reciprocating
traversing motion in opposite directions for producing during the closing of the dies a
rolling motion together with a squeezing or kneading pressure on the mass of dough
substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly-The combination with the dies referred to in the prior claim of an
endless travelling belt having an intermittent motion for closing the open bottoms of
the dies and for supporting the dough during the operation of moulding it
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Thirdly-The mechanism hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawing for giving a rapid reciprocating motion in opposite directions to
the dies and also a slow motion at right angles to their traversing motion for closing

page_text: them; and also the mechanism described and illustrated for giving the intermittent
motion to the supporting and delivering belt of the machinery.
Fourthly: The general arrangement or combination of the parts claimed in the
prior claims into a machine for the making or moulding of dough into loaves
substantially as described and illustrated.
DJ 201 1
Ր 2
1
1000
GEORGE LEWIS.