IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TYRES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Jackson, a Partner in the Firm of James
Jackson & Son, & Co., of St. Seurin-sur-l'Isle, in the Department of the
Gironde, France, Steel Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Jackson, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
September 1857.
I, JAMES JACKSON, a Partner in the Firm James Jackson & Son, & Co.,
of St. Seurin-sur-l'Isle, in the Department of the Gironde, France, Steel Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TYRES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing tyres for railway and other wheels,
by casting in a suitable mould a ring of cast steel, and expanding the ring so
cast, so as to produce a tyre by rolling it between rolls, such as are at present
employed in the manufacture of railway tyres.
The steel ring is cast of a form corresponding with that of the tyre to be
produced, but considerably smaller in diameter and thicker.
In place of casting the steel into the form of a ring, a disc of steel, may be
cast, and a ring produced therefrom by cutting or punching out the centre of
the disc.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Jackson, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd
March 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
JACKSON, a Partner in the Firm of James Jackson & Son, & Co., of St. Seurin-
sur-l'Isle, in the Department of the Gironde, France, Steel Manufacturers,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Jackson, Her special licence, that I, the said James Jackson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Jackson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF TYRES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS," upon the condition, (amongst
others), that I, the said James Jackson, my executors. or "administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my or their or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Jackson, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing tyres for railway and other wheels,
by casting in a mould a circular mass of steel, which is either plain on its
edge if an ordinary tyre is to be made, or flanged if a railway tyre is to be
made; from the centre of the mass so cast a circular piece is cut or punched
by suitable tools, and the ring of steel thus obtained is extended by passing it
between rollers, arranged in the same manner as the rollers which are now
used for extending and finishing ordinary welded up tyres.
Figure 1 is a transverse section of a cast-iron mould, such as I employ for
casting circular masses of steel to be manufactured into railway tyres, in the

page_text: manner above mentioned. The mould is made in two halves or parts a and b,
fitting closely together, and secured to each other by screw bolts, one of which
is shown at c. In the interior of the mould is a space of the form of the mass
of steel to be cast, which is of a thickness corresponding with the width of
the tyre to be made, but very considerably less in diameter, as is shown by the
Drawing. d, is the running hole through which the melted metal is poured
into the mould. When the mould has been filled, as soon as the metal is solid,
the mould is opened by unscrewing the bolts c, the mass is turned out, and the
"get" or "runner" broken off; it is then removed to a furnace and reheated,
when the requisite heat is obtained the mass is removed to the anvil e, shown
in section at Figure 2, on which it is laid and fixed accurately in position, and
the large punch f, carried by a powerful steam hammer, is caused to descend
upon it, so that by a few blows the central portion is removed, and a ring,
such as is shown at g, in the Drawing, is obtained. This ring is solidified by
a few blows of the hammer, which now strikes with the face h; afterwards the
ring is removed, and when it has been again heated it is rolled out to the
required diameter, in the same way as welded up tyres are rolled. In place
of producing the ring 9, in the manner before described, it may be at once cast
by the use of a suitably formed mould.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section; and Figure 4 is.a transverse section of a
cast-iron mould, suitable for casting a ring of steel to be rolled into a tyre for
a railway wheel. The mould is made in two halves or parts a and b, which
are, when casting, secured together by bolts at c, c. Each of the parts a and b
has an opening at its centre to receive a core, of which d and e are the two
principal parts; f, is a key or wedge, which is driven in between the parts
d and e, when these parts are passed through the mould. The casting opera-
tion is conducted in the following manner :-The two parts of the mould are
bolted together, and melted cast steel is poured in at the middle running hole
9, until the metal comes nearly up to the central hole, the core is then put in
and wedged up, and the pouring is continued through the running holes h, h,
on the two sides until the mould is filled. In this way a ring is obtained of
the same width as the tyre to be manufactured, but smaller in diameter and
thicker in section. As soon as the metal is set, and before it cools, the core
is removed by driving out the wedge f with a sledge hammer, and then the
mould is opened, and the ring is removed to a furnace and heated, it is then
conveyed to a rolling mill, such as those used for rolling ordinary welded-up
tyres, and it is extended lengthwise until the requisite diameter is attained.
Before the rolling operation the ring may be consolidated by hammering, as in
the former case. Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of a mould, by which an
,

page_text: oval ring may be cast in place of the circular ring produced by the mould
shewn at Figures 3 and 4; this ring is, before rolling, bent to a circular form
by forcing it on to a mandril, afterwards the operation is conducted in the
way before described, when the ring is produced in other ways.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Jackson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
T. BASSET.
JAMES JACKSON. (L.B.)