IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR DRESSING PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATIONSING AND FINISHING PILE FABRICS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Worrall, of Ordsall, Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Dyer, John Lawrence, of the same Place, Mechanic, and John
Lea, of Eccles, in the same County, Coppersmith, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR DRESSING
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Worrall, John Lawrence,
and John Lea at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th
December 1880.
JAMES WORRALL, of Ordsall, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer, JOHN
LAWRENCE, of the same Place, Mechanic, and JOHN LEA, of Eccles, in the same
County, Copper Smith. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY
FOR DRESSING AND FINISHING PILE FABRICS."
This Invention relates to improvements on the machinery for which a Patent
was granted to one of the present applicants, bearing date the 10th day of May
1880, No. 1910, in which card rollers are used for acting upon cut pile fabrics
while in a wet or saturated state, and in which also rotary brushes are used, the
fabric being at the time wet and in a heated state.
It has been found that the card rollers have a tendency to clog rapidly when
brought to act upon the wet fabric, and they present great difficulties to the
workmen employed to clear them of the accumulated matter.
With respect to the rotating brushes when brought to act upon wet and heated
fabrics, it has been found that the lags or bars of wood which carry the tufts of
bristles that form the brush are liable to warp, and thereby introduce irregularities
in the diameter of the brush, or they slit up and the tufts thus become loose in
their holders.
To remedy this metal bars have been used in the place of the wooden lags, but
their weight has formed a serious objection to their use, as the brushes require to
be sufficiently light to handle and to be driven by bands from overhead shafting.
The present Invention consists mainly in the use of a novel construction of lag
which it is proposed to use both for the rotary brushes and for the rollers which
will take the place of the card rollers.

page_text: Supposing the lag to be made of sheet copper it will have the appearance in
plan view of a bar extending the length required for the roller or brush, the longi-
tudinal edges of the sheet metal being bent over to form sides to the bar.
A number of these lags, when fitted together upon a roller, will form a hollow
cell shaped metallic covering for the roller, the depth of the cells being sufficient to
allow of the insertion of a sufficient length of the tuft to ensure a firm holding
thereof.
The segment shaped face of the lags or hollow bars is pierced to receive pendent
tubes which form sockets for the tufts. When inserted in these sockets the tufts
may be secured in place by wire ties or cement.
.
When constructing rollers to be used in place of the card rollers, the lags or
hollow bars with which they are faced will be fitted with tufts of fine brass wire
arranged in helical lines around the roller.
These wire tufts will be less liable to clog than the card clothing, and will offer
facilities for removing the accumulations as they occur.
In place of the bristles used in the manufacture of the rotary brushes it is pro-
posed to employ the vegetable fibres now used in making common whitewash and
nail brushes, it being found that besides their small cost they are less liable to
soften under heat and moisture than bristles.
A
A convenient mode of forming the hollow bars is to take a strip of sheet metal
of the required width and length, and to bend its side edges over a mandril.
pair of rollers so grooved as to form together a section required for the bar and its
mandril is provided, and between such rollers the metal, while still on its mandril,
is run until the metal is reduced in end section to the segment shape required.
Instead of forming the lags of hollow metal, they may be moulded in what is
known as vulcanite india rubber, which like the metal will have no tendency to
warp or split in the presence of moisture, or the drying heat to which the fabric is
subjected.
In either case the lightness required for the lags will be ensured.
The lags it is proposed also to employ in the construction of brushes, such as
those used in the machinery for colouring pile fabrics, for which a Patent was
granted to one of the present applicants, bearing date the 9th of April 1875,
No. 1294.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Worrall, John Lawrence, and John Lea in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 14th June 1881.
JAMES WORRALL, of Ordsall, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer, JOHN
LAWRENCE, of the same Place, Mechanic, and JOHN LEA, of Eccles, in the same
County, Coppersmith. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY
FOR DRESSING AND FINISHING PILE FABRICS."
This Invention relates to improvements on the machinery for which a Patent
was granted to one of the present applicants, bearing date the Tenth day of May,
One thousand eight hundred and eighty, No. 1910, in which card rollers are used
for acting upon cut pile fabrics while in a wet or saturated state, and in which also
rotary brushes are used, the fabric being at the time wet and in a heated state.
It has been found that the card rollers have a tendency to clog rapidly when
brought to act upon the wet fabric, and they present great difficulties to the
workmen employed to clear them of the accumulated matter.
With respect to the rotating brushes when brought to act upon wet and heated
fabrics, it has been found that the "lags" or bars of wood which carry the tufts of
bristles that form the brush are liable to warp, and thereby introduce irregularities
in the diameter of the brush, or they split up and the tufts thus become loose in
their holders.
To remedy this, metal bars have been used in the place of the wooden lags, but
their weight has formed a serious objection to their use, as the brushes require
to be sufficiently light to handle, and to be driven by bands from overhead
shafting.
The present Invention consists mainly in the use of a novel construction of lag
which it is proposed to use both for the rotary brushes and for the rollers which
will take the place of the card rollers.
Supposing the lag to be made of sheet copper, it will have the appearance in
plan view of a bar extending the length required for the roller or brush, the
longitudinal edges of the sheet metal being bent over to form sides to the bar.
A number of these lags when fitted together upon a roller will form a hollow
cell-shaped metallic covering for the roller, the depth of the cells being sufficient
to allow of the insertion of a sufficient length of the tuft to ensure a firm holding
thereof.
The segment shaped face of the lags or hollow bars is pierced to receive pendent
tubes which form sockets for the tufts.
In the accompanying Drawing this novel construction of metallic lag is illustrated
by several views; Fig. 1 is a plan or face view of a portion of a lag made from
sheet metal, preferably copper, which is easy to work, and will resist the action of
the liquids to which it may be exposed.
Fig. 2 is an end view of the lag; Fig. 3 is a partial longitudinal section shewing
some of the tufts in place; and Fig. 4 shews in end view a roller covered with
these metal lags.
A convenient mode of forming the hollow bars or metal lags is illustrated at
Fig. 5, which represents an arrangement of apparatus for rolling two lags
simultaneously. In this Figure, a, a, are two pieces of sheet metal of the required
width and length to form lags, with their side edges bent over a mandrel b ; C, C,
is a pair of rollers suitably grooved to lap the metal strips tightly over their
mandrils, and between these rollers the strips, while still on their mandrils, are
run until they are reduced in end section to the segment shape represented at
Fig. 2.
When the lags are thus brought to shape, the next operation is to drill them to
receive socket tubes for the tufts. This drilling we effect in any ordinary manner,

page_text: but we so arrange the holes as to obtain helical lines of tufts on the covered roller.
This distribution of the holes is illustrated at Fig. 1. In each hole is fitted a
metallic socket d, which is secured in place by rivetting or otherwise.
The inner ends of these sockets are pierced to allow of the passage through them
of binding wires for the tufts. Or the tufts when inserted in the sockets may be
secured by cement.
When constructing rollers to be used in place of the ordinary card rollers of
dressing and finishing machines, the lags or hollow bars with which they are faced
will be fitted with tufts of fine brass wire arranged in helical lines around the
roller, thus constituting a cylindrical metallic brush. These wire tufts will be less
liable to clog than the card clothing, and will offer facilities for removing the
accumulations as they occur.
Instead of forming the lags of hollow metal we sometimes make them from what
is known as vulcanite india rubber, which, like the metal, will have no tendency to
warp or split in the presence of moisture or the drying heat to which the fabric
is subjected.
In manufacturing the lags of vulcanite india rubber we prepare a metal mould
of suitable form and proportions to receive the plastic compound, and to this we
fit a cover which will give the curve or segmental form to the face of the lag, and
will also carry a series of metallic cores for moulding the socket holes for the tufts.
These cores, which will stand in the mould in radial lines to correspond to the
arrangement of the socket holes, as shewn in the diagonal end section, Fig. 6, may
be connected together in groups to facilitate their insertion in the cover and their
removal from the mould, the cores forming a group being arranged lengthwise of
the lag, as indicated by the black dots in the plan view, Fig. 7.
We may also, if thought desirable, core out the holes for the screws which are to
be used for securing these lags in place upon their cylinders.
The lags made on either of the plans above described, and possessing lightness
without the liability of warping or splitting, we use in the manufacture of the
brushes above referred to, and also in the construction of brushes used in the
machinery for colouring pile fabrics, for which a Patent was granted to one of
the present applicants, bearing date the 9th of April, 1875, No. 1294.
In place of the bristles used in the manufacture of the rotary brushes we propose
to employ the vegetable fibres now used in making common whitewash and nail
brushes, it being found that, besides their small cost, they are less liable to soften
under heat and moisture than bristles.
Having now set forth the nature of our Invention of "Improvements in Brushes
Applicable to Machinery for Dressing and Finishing Pile Fabrics," and explained
the manner of carrying the same into effect, we wish it to be understood that under
the above in part recited Letters Patent we claim,—
First. The construction of cylindrical metallic brushes or rollers, as above
described, for use in place of the card rollers of dressing and finishing machinery.
Secondly. In the construction of rollers for dressing and finishing machinery, the
use of lags made and furnished with brushing surfaces, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Worrall, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Eleventh day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
JAMES WORRALL. (L.S.)