IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW SWEDGING MACHINES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick John Cheesbrough of the Office for Patents
"
15 Water Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster Consulting Engineer
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW SWEDGING MACHINES
Communicated to him from abroad by Stephen A Davis and Robert Blako
both residing at Newark County of Essex State of New Jersey United States
of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick John Cheesbrough
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1883.
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of the Office for Patents, 15 Water Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SCREW SWEDGING MACHINES" [Communicated to him from abroad by Stephen
A Davis and Robert Blake both residing at Newark County of Essex State of New
Jersey United States of America]
This Invention relates to improvements in screw swedging machines, the
construction and operation of which will be understood from the following
description
Upon the side of a suitable vertical frame a cam shaft is placed and supported
vertically in suitable journal bearings, and upon the top of the said frame a main
driving shaft is placed and carried horizontally in suitable journal bearings. This
shaft is fitted with a fast and loose pulley and also a bevel wheel by which the
power is applied to drive the machine." In front of the frame a vertical spindle is
set in journal bearings. Upon this spindle a bevel wheel is placed to gear into the
bevel wheel on the main driving shaft, by which the spindle is made to rotate
about its own axis. This spindle has not only a rotating motion but it has also a
vertical motion upon the line of its axis. The upward motion of the spindle is
imparted to it by a screw thread revolving in a half nut. This half nut is operated
by means of a lever and cam on the vertical cam shaft and a spring which connects
the lever to a pin in the frame, the nut being pressed forward by the action of the
cam, and held against the thread on the vertical spindle until the time comes for
Price lid 1

page_text: the spindle to fall when the cam releases the lever and the spring draws it back,
But to overcome the friction
disengaging the nut and leaving the spindle to fall.
of the machinery on the spindle and to make it fall promptly a yoke lever is
applied to its upper end by means of a grooved collar. This lever is fulcrummed
to the top of the vertical frame and its opposite end acts against a cam on the end 5
of the vertical shaft by which the spindle is not only made to fall promptly and
quickly, but is also prevented from slamming and hammering upon the journals in
its descent.
In the end of the said spindle a screw driver is set and also a clutch, the screw
driver being set in the centre of the spindle and the clutch mortised in the periphery 1
and pivoted thereto. The screw driver is of course stationary in the spindle but
the clutch opens and closes upon the head of the screw, the screw driver having a
spring behind it to prevent injuring the head of the screw blank. The clutch is
made to grip the head of the screw by means of a grooved collar operated by means
of a forked end lever, the opposite end of which works in a cam on the vertical
cam shaft the cam operating to force the end of the lever up and the collar down
upon the clutch and to hold it there until the time comes to release the screw.
cam then releases the long end of the lever and the collar is drawn up by a spring
thus releasing the clutch which in its turn is forced open by means of a spring
placed in the spindle between the jaws of the clutch. This spring may be of any
suitable construction adapted to the work
The
Fixed to the frame of the machine and centred directly under the axis of the
spindle a die box is placed enclosing a set of swedging dies. The box consists of a
ring made to reciprocate about its own axis by means of a cam on the cam shaft
acting against an arm and by a spring, the cam throwing the ring forward and the
spring pulling it back the moment the arm is released by the cam.
The swedging dies consist of rollers the edges of which are made in the form
These dies are set in
desired to swedge the required style of thread on the screw.
blocks of steel morticed in a disc of metal and rotating from the centre, or axis of
the box. The inner ends of these blocks of steel carry the roller dies upon suitable
pivots, or centre bearing and their outer ends are sloped cam like, all in one
direction and against each of them a cam set screw is placed through the ring.
By these means it will be seen that when the cam strikes the arm all of the die
blocks are pressed forward by the cam set screws upon the screw blank to be
swedged, but the moment the cam releases the arm the spring drawas the arm back
releasing the blocks which in their turn are forced apart by springs acting against
a projection on the side of the block.
Directly under the centre of the die box and the axis of the spindle is placed a
receiving socket. This socket is supported upon a lever and is held in a sleeve. It
has an upward motion imparted to it by means of a spring and a downward
motion imparted to it by means of a cam on the cam shaft through a lever fulcrumed
to the frame.
Directly under the die box and in close proximity to the top of the receiving
socket a leader is set coming from a hopper. The object of this leader is to carry
the screw blanks from the hopper to the receiving socket by which they are fed
into the machine, a blank dropping into the top of the socket every time it is
drawn down by the cam. The jar of the machine at every rotation of the cam
being sufficient to shake one of the blanks off from the leader into the socket. All
of the rotating cams are placed on the vertical cam shaft and the motion is trans-
mitted to this cam shaft by means of a worm screw acting into a worm wheel and
a bevel wheel placed on a short horizontal shaft to gear into a corresponding wheel
on the cam shaft, the worm being carried by the hub of the bevel wheel of the
vertical spindle.
The operation of the machine is as follows: the receiving socket is drawn down
by the action of its cam, a screw blank is dropped into it, at that instant the dies
are opened by their spring, the socket is then drawn up by its spring and the
screw blank is received into the dies: the spindle then falls by the action of its

page_text: cam and the clutch and screw driver grip the head of the screw blank. The die is
then closed by the action of their cam and the screw nut is moved forward by its
cam and engages the thread on the spindle. The spindle then raises with a left
hand rotating motion forming the thread on the screw blank as it raises and backs
out of the die. The screw is then released from the clutch by the action of its cam
and spring and drops into a small pan by which action it is removed. It is then
succeeded by another blank as before.
In the operation of the machine the spring in connection with the receiving
socket performs two functions. It not only draws the socket up to the die, but
also yields to the spindle in its downward motion in case the screw blank is a trifle
too long, thus allowing the screw driver to find its hold in the crease of the screw
without danger of breaking it, or tearing the head of the screw.
In constructing the die chasers may be substituted for the steel blocks for the
purpose of cutting the thread on the screw instead of swedging it on as above
described.
In the construction of the above described machine the gearing wheels are
proportioned with reference to each other so as to cause the spindle to make about
thirty six revolutions to one of the cam shaft, but this proportion of speed may be
modified as circumstances may require.

page_text: The construction and operation of this machine will be understood from the
following description, the points of novelty being pointed out in the claims
concluding this Specification.
Similar letters of reference represent corresponding parts of the different figures
of the Drawing.
The frame is shown by A upon the side of which a cam shaft e is placed and
supported in suitable journal bearings J and upon the top of said frame a main
driving shaft B is placed carried in the journal bearing K said shaft being fitted
with a fast and loose pulley C and C¹ and also a bevel wheel D by which the power
is applied to drive the machine. In front of the frame a spindle E is set in the
journal bearing K. Upon this spindle a bevel wheel N is placed to gear into the
wheel D by which the spindle is made to rotate about its own axis. This spindle
has not only a rotating motion but it has also a vertical motion upon the line of
its axis. The upward motion of this spindle is imparted to it by a screw thread L
working in a half nut R. This half nut is operated by means of a lever Q and a
cam Q on the shaft e and a spring Q" connecting the lever to a pin in the frame,
the nut being pressed forward by the action of the cam upon the lever and held
against the thread L until the time comes for the spindle to fall, when the cam
releases the lever and the spring Q" draws it back disengaging the nut and leaving
the spindle to fall as shown by Figure 6, but to overcome the friction of the
machinery on the spindle and to make it fall promptly, a yoke lever F is applied
to its top by means of a grooved collar G. This lever is fulcrumed at i and has a
roller in its opposite end acting against a cam H by which the spindle is not
only made to fall promptly and quickly, but is also prevented from slamming and
hammering upon the journals in its descent.
In the end of said spindle a screw driver is set and also a clutch TT the screw
driver being set in the centre of the spindle and the clutch mortised in the periphery
and pivotted at t. The screw driver is of course stationary in the spindle but the
clutch opens and closes upon the head of the screw, the screw driver having a
spring behind it to prevent injuring the head of the blank.

page_text: The clutch T is made to grip the head of the screw by means of a grooved collar
O' operated by means of a crotch end lever O, the opposite end of which works in
the cam P, the cam operating to force the end of the lever up and the collar down
upon the clutch and to hold it there until the time comes to release the screw, the
cam then releases the long end of the lever and the spring draws up the collar
releasing the clutch, which in its turn is forced open by means of a spring placed in
the spindle between the jaws of the clutch. This spring is not shown in the
Drawing, but may be of any suitable construction adapted to the work.
Fixed to the frame of the machine and centred directly under the axis of the
spindle a die box U is placed enclosing a set of swedging dies.-A horizontal
sectional view of this die box and the dies is shown by Figure 4 upon an enlarged
scale. The box consists of a ring U made to reciprocate about its own axis by
means of a cam U" on the shaft e acting against an arın U' and by a spring Uiй
the cam throwing the ring forward and the spring pulling it back the moment the
arın is released by the cam,
The swedging dies consist of rollers 6' the edges of which are made in the form
desired to swedge the required style of thread on the screw. These dies are set in
blocks of steel b morticed in a disc of metal and rotating from the centre, or axis of
the box. The inner ends of these blocks of steel carry the roller dies upon suitable
pivots, or centre bearing and their outer ends are sloped cam-like all in one direction
and against each of them a cam set screw j is placed through the ring U. By these
means it will be seen that when the cam U strikes the arm U₁ all of the die
blocks b are pressed forward by the screws ; upon the screw blank to be swedged,
but the moment the cam releases the arm, the spring U draws the arm back
releasing the blocks b. which in their turn are forced apart by the springs h acting
against a projection V on the side of the block in the manner shown. The
spring u is an auxiliary spring to assist the spring U₁ in moving back the ring U
as described.
Directly under the centre of the die box and the axis of the spindle E is placed
a receiving socket W. This socket is supported upon a lever and is held in the
sleeve; it has an upward motion imparted to it by means of a spring Z and a
downward motion imparted to it by means of a cam d through the lever Y
fulcrumed at a
Directly under the die box and in close proximity to the top of the socket W, a
leader e is set coming from a hopper not shown in the Drawing The object of
this leader is to carry the screw blanks c' from the hopper to the socket W by which
they are fed into the machine, a blank dropping into the top of the socket every
time it is drawn down by the cam, the jar of the machine at every rotation of the
cam being sufficient to shake one of the blanks off of the leader into the socket.
All of the rotating cams, it will be seen are placed on the shaft e and the motion
is transmitted to this shaft by means of a worm screw M acting into a worm wheel
P and a bevel wheel placed on the shaft I to gear into a corresponding wheel on
the shaft e, the worm M being carried by the hub K" of the wheel N
The operation is as follows: the cam a draws down the socket W, a screw
blank e¹ drops into it, at that instant the dies are opened by the spring U; the
spring Z then draws the socket up and the screw blank into the dies. The spindle
then falls by the action of the cam H and the clutch T and screw driver f grips the
head of the screw; the dies then close by the action of the cam U" and the nut R
is moved forward by the cam Q' and engages the thread L the sprindle raises with
a left hand rotating motion forming the thread on the screw T' as it raises and
backs out of the die. The screw is then released from the clutch by the action of
the cam P and spring r and drops into a small pan (not shown in the Drawing) by
which it is removed and succeeded by another blank as before.
In the operation of the machine the spring Z performs two functions, it not only
draws the socket W up to the die, but also yields to the spindle in its downward
motion, in case the screw blank is a trifle too long,-thus allowing the screw driver

page_text: to find its hold in the crease of the screw head without danger of breaking it, or
tearing the head of the screw.
In constructing the die, chases may be substituted for the steel blocks for the
purpose of cutting the thread on the screw, instead of swedging it on as above
described. In this construction of the above described machine, the gearing wheels
are proportioned with reference to each other, so as to cause the spindle to make
about thirty six revolutions to one of the cam shaft, but this proportion of speed
may be modified as circumstances may require.
What I claim as the Invention communicated to me by my Foreign Corre-
spondent is
First A screw swedging machine consisting of the combination of a spindle (E)
having a clutch (T) and collars (G and O') and a rotating and reciprocating motion,
a set of swedging dies (6¹ b¹ b¹) having an opening and closing motion, a feeding
socket (W) having a reciprocating motion, a cam shaft (e) having a rotating motion
and fitted with cams (HQ P U₁ and d), a set of cam connecting and operating
levers (F QO U³) and Y), a set of retractile springs (U" Zr) a connecting nut (R),
a driving shaft and pulleys (BC), a pair of gear wheels (ND) a connecting shaft (I)
between the spindle and cam shaft fitted with a worm wheel (S) acting into a
worm (M) and a bevel wheel gearing into a corresponding wheel on the cam shaft,
all of the several parts being supported upon a suitable frame (A) and made to
coact substantially as described.
Second In a screw swedging machine the combination of a set of opening and
closing dies (6' 66') a feeding socket (W) a supporting lever (Y) a rotating
cam (d) and a spring (Z) the several parts coacting substantially as described.
Third In a screw swedging machine the combination of a set of opening and
closing dies, a spindle fitted with a screw driver and clutch, a rotating cam (P) and
a lever (0) connecting the clutch and cam, the several parts coacting substantially
as described.
Fourth In a screw swedging machine, a set of rotating swedging dies (b¹ b' b')
set in metal cam blocks (b b b) and radiating from a common centre combined with
springs (h) and enclosed in a reciprocating ring fitted with cam screws (j j ) the
several parts coacting substantially as described.
Fifth In a screw swedging machine the combination of a rotating cam (Q¹),
a spindle (E) having a screw thread (L) cut in its periphery a nut (R) to open and
close on the thread, a lever (Q) and spring (Q") to operate the nut, the whole
coacting substantially as described.
Sixth In a screw swedging machine the combination of a spindle (E) having a
clutch collar (G) combined with a rotating cam (H) and a connecting lever (F)
substantially as described for the purpose specified.
Seventh In a screw swedging machine the combination of a cain shaft (e), a screw
cutting spindle (E), a connecting shaft (I) a worm wheel (S) and a worm (M)
working on the spindle (E), the shafts (I and e) being fitted with gear wheels and
the several parts coacting as described.
In Witness whereof, I the said Frederick John Cheesbrough have hereunto set
my hand and seal this twenty first day of July in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.