IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INTEGRATING THE INDICATIONS OF MEASURING APPARATUS
Year: 1884

page_text: I JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London Patent
Agent do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR INTEGRATING THE INDICATIONS OF MEASURING APPARATUS to be as follows:-
The apparatus which forms the subject of this invention has the characteristic
advantage of being capable of integrating during an indefinite time the indications
given by measuring apparatus which are without energy of their own; it is
therefore applicable to the most delicate and most sensitive instruments such for
examplo as galvanoineters.
The apparatus is constructed as follows:-
The indicating needle or hand whose angular variations it is required to integrato
which I will suppose always less than 90° oscillates between the faces of a fixed
dial plate and of a frame which is movable on hinges, the said faces being covered
with emery paper. The upper part of the frame is curvilinear and is thinner at
and near the two ends of the arc. Upon a spindle coincident with the axis of the
needle is mounted a toothed wheel having a constant uniform rotary motion; to
the felloc of this wheel are fixed a roller and a paul. To the axis or pin of the
paul are connected two elastic tappets placed in opposite directions and which for
distinction I will call respoctively Nº 1 and Nº 2. There is a fixed stop at a given
point of the travel of tappet N° 2. A ratchet wheel is mounted loosely on the
same spindle as the toothed wheel before mentioned and is actuated at intervals by
the paul as hereinafter described. In the rotary motion of the toothed wheel the
roller runs at a given moment upon the thicker portion of the frame, but as the
distance at this place between the frame and the toothed wheel is less than
the extent to which the roller projects from the wheel the roller presses upon the
frame causing it to yield and to turn on its hinges. The needle is thus nipped
between the face of the frame and that of the dial plate and is consequently held
immovable in the position which it occupied. It is during this period of completo
fixity that the paul comes into action. As it passes before the needle the tappet

page_text: N° 1 moots it, riscs, and lowers the paul which immediately takes into the teeth of
the ratchet wheel and draws the latter into the rotary motion of the toothed wheel.
By virtue of its elasticity the tappet N° 1 frees itself after its contact with the
needle, which regains its freedom of oscillation as soon as the roller having reached
the end of the thick portion of the frame ceases to press it and allows it to return
to its normal distance from the dial plate. The ratchet wheel continues to turn
with the paul until the tappet N° 2 by coming against the stop above mentioned
releases the paul by lifting it out of the ratchet teeth. The parts of the apparatus
are now in the same relative situation as before the passage in front of the needle.
The result of the action above described is that at each turn of the toothed wheel
the ratchet wheel turns to an extent equal to the angle which the indicating needle
makes with the fixed stop. If therefore the ratchet wheel be connected with an
ordinary counter this will register with precision the deflections of the needle
during the time the apparatus is kept in action and by a simple reading off will
give the total.
In applying the invention to a dynamometer with an epicycloidal train of wheels
the arrangement may with advantage be somewhat modified. The movable line
of the centres of the epicycloidal train carries in a prolongation thereof a sector
which transmits its displacements to a toothed plate intimately connected to a
semi-circular disc. A second and similar disc separated a slight distance from the
first occupies a fixed position. On the exterior contour of the two discs a paul
always presses this paul being carried by a toothed wheel in direct relation with
the horizontal shaft of the dynamometer which transmits its motion to it by any
suitable gearing, for example by the second pair of wheels of the epicycloidal traio.
There is a ratchet wheel on the spindle of the wheel above mentioned and actuated
at intervals by the paul as hereinafter explained. The second disc being always
fixed and the first disc following the movements of the toothed plate to which it is
connected it is evident that the angular displacements of the first disc in relation to
the fixed disc are strictly in proportion to those of the line of centres and therefore
to the different tensions of the flexible blade or spring of the dynamometer. To
register for each revolution of the wheel above mentioned the variable angle
formed by the two discs is therefore to integrate the efforts or strain exerted upon
the pulley of the dynamometer. But at each turn the paul on reaching the end
of the movable disc takes, under the action of a spring, into the ratchet wheel
which is therefore drawn into the movement of the toothed wheel until on reaching
the end of the fixed disc the paul is lifted out of the ratchet wheel which
immediately stops; and in order to prevent any chance of its acquired speed
preventing its sudden stoppage there is a second paul which is pressed by a spring
constantly upon the teeth which the power of the wheel will be unable to lift.
During its rotary movement the ratchet wheel has thus turned a distance only
equal to the angle formed by the two discs. The result is that the angular
displacement of the line of centres-the expression of the tangential effort or strain
on the pulley of the dynamometer-is registered for each turn of the wheel. An
ordinary counter connected to the ratchet wheel will shew at any time the sum or
total of the indications.

page_text: I JonN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London Patent
Agent do hereby declare the nature of any invention for IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR INTEGRATING THE INDICATIONS OF MEASURING APPARATUS and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The apparatus which forms the subject of this invention has the characteristic
advantage of being capable of integrating during an indefinite time the indications
given by measuring apparatus which are without energy of their own; it is
therefore applicable to the most delicate and most sensitive instruments, such for
example as galvanometers.
The apparatus is constructed as follows:-
The indicating needle or hand whose angular variations it is required to
integrate which I will suppose always less than 90° oscillates between the faces of
a fixed dial plate Q and of a frame C (see Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the annexed
drawings) which is movable on hinges cel the said faces being covered with emery
paper. The upper part of the frame is curvilinear and is thinner at and near tho
two ends of the are (see Figure 2). Upon a spindle coincident with the axis of
the needle is mounted a toothed wheel A having a constant uniform rotary
motion; to the felloe of this wheel are fixed (see Figure 4) a roller G and à paul .
To the axis or pin of the paul are connected two elastic tappets and placed in
opposite directions. There is a fixed stop B at a given point of the travel of the
tappet. A ratchet wheel R is mounted loosely on the same spindle as the toothed
wheel A. and is actuated at intervals by the nose of the paul as hereinafter
described. In the rotary motion of the toothed wheel A the roller G runs at a
given moment upon the thicker portion of the frame C; but as the distance at
this place between the frame and the toothed wheel A is less than the extent to
which the roller G projects from the wheel the roller presses upon the frame C,
causing it to yield and to turn on its hinges c c. The needle a is thus nipped
between the face of the frame C and that of the dial plate Q and is consequently
held immovable in the position which it occupied. It is during this period of
complete fixity that the paul & comes into action. As it passes before the needle
the tappet t meets it, rises and lowers the nose b which immediately takes into the
teeth of the ratchet wheel R and draws the latter into the rotary motion of the
toothed wheel A. By virtue of its elasticity the tappet frees itself after its
contact with the needle a which regains its freedom of oscillation as soon as the
roller G having reached the end of the thick portion of the frame C ceases to press
it and allows it to return to its normal distance from the dial plate. The ratchet
wheel R continues to turn with the paul until the tappet by coming against the
stop B releases the paul by lifting it out of the ratchet teeth R. The parts of the
apparatus are now in the same relative situation as before the passage in front of
the needle a. The result of the action above described is that at each turn of the
toothed wheel A the ratchet wheel R turns to an extent equal to the angle which
the indicating needle makes with the fixed stop B. If therefore the ratchet
whee! R be connected with an ordinary counter this will register with precision
the deflections of the needle during the time the apparatus is kept in action
and by a simple reading off will give the total.
In applying this invention to a dynamometer with an epicycloidal train of
wheels the arrangement may with advantage be somewhat modified. The movable

page_text: line of the centres of the epicycloidal train carries in a prolongation thereof a
sector S Figure 5 which transmits its displacements to a toothed plate G intimately
connected to a semi-circular disc B. A second and similar disc F separated a
slight distance from the first occupies a fixed position. On the exterior contour
of the two discs a paul always presses, this paul being carried by a toothed
wheel A in direct relation with the horizontal shaft of the dynamometer which
transmits its motion to it by any suitable gearing, for example, by the second pair
of wheels of the epicycloidal train. There is a ratchet wheel R on the spindle O
actuated at intervals by the paul as hereinafter explained. The disc F being
always fixed and the disc B following the movements of the toothed plate C to
which it is connected, it is evident that the angular displacements of the disc B in
relation to the disc F are strictly in proportion to those of the line of centres L
and therefore to the different tensions of the flexible blade or spring of the
dynamometer. To register for each revolution of the wheel A the variable angle
formed by the two discs F and B, is therefore to integrate the efforts or strain
exerted upon the pulley of the dynamometer. But at each turn the paul k on
reaching the end of tho movable disc takes, under the action of a spring r, into
the ratchet wheel R which is therefore drawn into the movement of the wheel A
until on reaching the end of the disc F the paul is lifted out of the ratchet wheel
which immediately stops; and in order to prevent any chance of its acquired speed
preventing its sudden stoppage there is a second paul which is pressed by a
spring constantly upon the teeth and which the power of the wheel will be
unable to lift. During its rotary movement the ratchet wheel R has thus turned
a distance only equal to the angle formed by the two discs. The result is that the
angular displacement of the line of centres-the expression of the tangential effort
or strain on the pulley of the dynamometer, is registered for each Lurn of the
wheel A. An ordinary counter connected to the ratchet wheel R will show at any
time the sun or total of the indications.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
-
1. An integrating apparatus in which the needle although normally free is held
at the required time between a movable frame and a fixed dial and is thereby fixed
at its point of indication so as to actuate a paul which turns a ratchet wheel a
distance corresponding to the deflection of the needle, substantially as herein before
described and represented in Figures 1 to 4 of the annexed drawings.
2. The integrating apparatus hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 5
to be used in connection with dynamometers.
Dated the seventh day of October 1884.