IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS AND IN APPARATUS THEREWITH CONNECTED "
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Guest of Brooklyn in the State of New
York, United States of America for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS AND IN APPARATUS
THEREWITH CONNECTED
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Guest at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th May 1883.
JOHN HENRY GUEST of Brooklyn in the State of New York United States
of America "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC
LAMPS AND IN APPARATUS THEREWITH CONNECTED
ין
This invention relates to the manner of removing atmospheric air from the glass
globe containing an incandescing light giving body, and of sealing the glass
without the use of a vacuum pump.
-
The lamp is made in any ordinary or desired manner, preferably with conductors
sealed into rods of glass and provided with a carbon filament between the
conductors to form the light giving body and the same is introduced into a glass
globe and properly secured in place and a teat or. nipple is provided in the glass
through which inert gas such as hydrocarbon is introduced by a small tube until
the atmosphere is entirely displaced.
The opening is stopped and an electric current passed through the conductor to
gradually bring the carbon filament or other light giving body to a state of
incandescence this causes the light giving body to harden and become uniform
because the carbon will deposit the most where the heat is the most intense.
The gases in the globe expand and escape, the stopper being removed; after
which the globe is sealed by melting the glass of the teat.
In order to prevent atmospheric air re-entering the globe I invert the lamp into
a vessel with a movable cover, the joint of the cover being sealed in a trough of
water or mercury. A gas is introduced into this vessel and the air displaced and
....מ

page_text: a burning gas is introduced into an annular space around the opening at the top of
the cover and ignited.
The flame prevents atmosphere entering the vessel containing the globe while
the incandescing filament is being treated for its completion. The lamp is
suspended by its conductors from clamps and the melting of the glass to
hermetically seal the globe is effected by an electric current acting through
movable forceps introduced through the flame into the vessel. The heat is
produced by incandescence or by an electric arc.
The vessel is made of glass or with a transparent window so that the building
up of the incandescent conductor by the deposit of carbon can be observed as it
progresses.
GI

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Henry Guest in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th November 1883.
.
JOHN HENRY GUEST, of Brooklyn in the State of New York, United States of
America, " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC
LAMPS AND IN APPARATUS THEREWITH CONNECTED
"
This invention relates to the manner of removing atmospheric air from the glass
globe containing an incandescing light giving body and of sealing the glass without
using a vacuum pump.
The lamp is made in any ordinary or desired manner, preferably with conductors
sealed into rods of glass and provided with a carbon filament between the,
conductors to form the light giving body and the same is introduced into a glass
globe and properly secured in place and a teat or nipple is provided in the glass
through which inert gas such as hydro-carbon is introduced by a small tube until.
the atmosphere is entirely displaced.
The opening is stopped and an electric current passed through the conductors to
gradually bring the carbon filament or other light giving body to a state of
incandescence; this causes the light giving body to harden and become uniform
because the carbon will deposit the most where the heat is the most intense. The
gases in the globe expand and escape, the stopper being removed, after which the.
globe is sealed by melting the glass of the teat. In order to prevent atmospheric;
air re-entering the globe I invert the lamp into a vessel with a movable cover; the.
joint of the cover being sealed in a trough of water or mercury. A gas is intro-
duced into this vessel and the air displaced and a burning gas is introduced into
an annular space around the opening at the top of the cover and ignited.
The flame prevents atmosphere entering the vessel containing the globe while
the incandescing filament is being treated for its completion. The lamp is
suspended by its conductors from clamps and the melting of the glass to hermetically;
seal the globe is effected by an electric current acting through movable forceps.
introduced through the flame into the vessel. The heat is produced by incan-
descence or by an electric arc. The vessel is made of glass or with a transparent
window so that the building up of the incandescent conductor by the deposit of:
carbon can be observed as it progresses.
In the drawing Fig. 1. is a vertical section of the apparatus and of the lamp.-
Fig. 2. is a side view. Fig. 3. is a sectional plan at x. x. fig. 1. Fig. 4. is a plan of
the holder for the electric conductors and Figs. 5 and 6. represent the electric tongs
for fusing the glass in finally sealing the globe.
The vessel A. is of suitable size and shape; it is preferably cylindrical and only;
large enough to receive freely into it the glass globe B. containing the carbon C..
to form the incandescent lamp: this lamp is of any desired pattern. I have
shown the conductors d. e. as passing through and encased by glass supports and.
the globe as formed with a small nipple f. which is left open until the lamp is.
otherwise completed; it is then hermetically sealed. It is to be understood that.
the carbon C. may be made of a thread, of a piece of paper or of any suitable
material: it is partially carbonized or sufficiently so to make it a conductor of.
electricity and the ends of the carbons are secured to the conductors d. e. by electro.
plating or in any other suitable manner.
I provide standards G. G. in which are movable slides H. H. and at the top.
there are spring holders I. I. for receiving the electric conductora d. e. and by which

page_text: the conductors and lamp are suspended within the vessel A. The holders are made
as spring forceps that can be opened by pressure of the fingers or closed by the
action of the springs 2. and there are joints 3. between the forceps or holders and
the slides H. which allow the holders to be swung aside out of the way. In the
sides of the vessel A. there should be a window K. of mica or glass made air tight
by a frame l. and rubber or other packing at 5. or this vessel A. may be wholly of
glass and on the top of the vessel there is an annular trough m. to receive the.
lower edge of the movable cover N: Into this trough, water, mercury or any
suitable liquid is placed to form an air tight seal between the vessel A. and
cover N.
I
This cover N. is preferably hinged at 13. to the vessel A. and.it is contracted at
the upper end and there is an annular orifice around the same through which gas
is supplied which will burn and form a flame shown by dotted lines in fig. 1. rising
above the orifice of the cover and excluding the atmosphere effectually from the
vessel A. and its contents.
Previous to the globe B. being inserted into the vessel A. the same is by
preference filled with a hydro-carbon or non-inflamable gas; this is easily done
by a fine tube running up into the globe through the nipple f. the gas being lighter
displaces the air and expells it through the nipple.
-After this is done the stopper or plug o. is applied to the nipple to retain the
gas, the lamp is placed in the vessel A. in the inverted position shown, the.
cover N. is put on, the forceps or holders are turned over and they grasp and hold
the conductors and by preference the globe is suspended by them. .
A non-combustible or inert gas such as carbonic acid is now by preference turned
on so as to fill the vessel A. and the inside of the cover, a pipe 8. and cock being
provided for this purpose. The burning gas is now turned on by the pipe r. the
stopper o. removed and the gas ignited. The flame as it burns- keeps out
atmospheric-air from the vessel A. and any vacuum action of the flame only serves
to lessen the pressure or to remove any traces of air in the vessel A. and to replace
the same by hydro-carbon gas or carbonic acid or carbonic oxide or other
inert gas.
"
An electric current is now turned on to the lamp, the same for convenience
passing through the standards G. holders I. and conductors d. e. The portion of
the light giving body that is the smallest offering the most resistance will become
the highest in temperature and upon the same the carbon will be deposited from
the hydro-carbon gas in the globe and in this manner the carbon filament will be
built up and rendered uniform throughout. This operation can be observed and
the temperature gradually increased to the desired extent.
When the carbon filament has been perfected the globe is to be sealed by
melting the glass at the nipple by an electric arc or by suitable heat generated by
the electrical current or by any other source such as an oxyhydrogen flame while
the atmosphere is excluded from around the nipple. The contents of the
globe having been rarified by the heat will remain at less than atmospheric
pressure...
It will be evident that the carbonic acid or other inert gas in the vessel A.
around the nipple may be depended upon for excluding atmosphere but I prefer to
use the flame in addition.
I provide two conductors t. u. that are hinged together at 8. by an insulating
hinge and there are carbon or platina electrodes v. a spring at 9. to close the
electrodes, an insulating covering to the conductors t. u. and a stop-screw 10. to
adjust the length of the electric arc between the electrodes v. The electric current
is to be applied to these electric tongs and they are inserted through the top of the
cover N. the tongs being bent as seen in fig. 6. so that the handles will not be in
the flame: the handles are pressed, the electrodes separated and a small electric
are is established in which the glass at the upper end of the nipple f. is fused to.
hermetically seal the globe of the lamp and the operation is completed..
By this improvement the use of a vacuum pump is rendered unnecessary and

page_text: the carbon is finished in the most perfect manner and the atmosphere entirely
excluded from the globe.
It will be apparent that the globe can be filled with gas, the light giving body
raised to incandescence and the gases allowed to expand and pass off, the
atmosphere being excluded in any convenient manner and then the glass nipple
melted to hermetically seal the globe.
Any suitable device for connecting the electric conductors to the wires of the
lamp may be used and the electric forceps allow the necessary heat to be applied
for melting the glass of the nipple without requiring a flame or risking the
admission of atmospheric air.
I claim as my Invention
First The vessel A. and movable cover in combination with the holders for the
conductors of the lamp and the gas supply pipes for a flame at the opening in the
movable cover, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Second. The method herein specified of finishing electric lamps consisting in
filling the globe containing the light giving body with a gas, heating the light
giving body gradually, causing the surplus gas to pass out of the globe, excluding
the atmosphere and then sealing the globe while the light giving body is incan-
descent, substantially as set forth.
Third. The method herein specified for finishing and sealing electric lamps
consisting in rarifying the gas within the glass globe by the heat of the
incandescent conductor, excluding the atmosphere from the opening or nipple of
the globe by a flame and then sealing the lamp by melting the glass of the nipple,
substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The combination with the vessel A. of a movable cover, a liquid seal
for the lower edge thereof, an annular burner for gas at the top of the cover, the
electric forceps and conductors substantially as set forth for finishing and
sealing the electric lamp that is placed within the vessel A. substantially as set
forth.
Fifth. In combination with the conductors, the light giving body and the glass
globe containing the same, the holders for the electric conductors by which the
lamp is suspended and the electric forceps for melting the glass at the nipple of
the globe while the filament is in a state of incandescence, substantially as set
forth.
Sixth. The method herein specified of sealing electric lamps and excluding
atmosphere consisting in surrounding the nipple or orifice of the glass globe with
an inert gas and melting the glass by an electric arc within such gas, substantially
as set forth.
In witness whereof I, the said John Henry Guest have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Nineteenth day of October A.D, 1883.