matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
MENTS IN FIRE-BARS FOR FURNACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Preston at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
October 1871.
I, FRANCIS PRESTON, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Engi-
neer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIRE-BARS FOR FURNACES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist, firstly, in making the fire-bars cor-
rugated, whereby a much stronger and lighter bar is obtained; secondly,
in having a small projection and groove at the sides of the ends
of the bars, whereby the bars are kept in their proper position by
the projection of one bar fitting into the corresponding groove of the
adjoining bar.
These bars can either be made single, or two or more may be cast
together allowing the required space for air between them, and in some
cases where extra strength and stability are required three or more bars.
may be cast together.

page_text: By being corrugated sufficient strength is obtained to allow of the
bars being less in width or thickness than the space allowed for the air
to pass through.
They also admit of being placed wider apart without the small coal
being so liable to fall through, owing to the convex side of one bar being
opposite to or fitting into the concave side of the adjoining bar.
AN IMPROVED FERRULE OR TOP FOR UMBRELLAS, WALKING STICKS, AND PARASOLS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Sadleir Stoney at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1871.
I, FRANCIS SADLEIR STONEY, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent,
Captain Royal Artillery, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED FERRULE OR TOP FOR UMBRELLAS, WALKING
STICKS, AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention consists in making an umbrella, parasol, or walking
stick ferrule of angular or such other shape as may adapt it for use as a
key to open the locks of carriage doors.
For this purpose I make the extremity of the ferrule which is usually
made of steel, somewhat longer than usual, and instead of being cylin-
drical I make the same angular or of other form (square for instance)
and slightly tapered in order to enter the lock with facility.

page_text: Instead of making a ferrule of the ordinary kind I may apply a solid
end or top of considerable length to the umbrella or parasol stick
(which may be tubular), the said end or top being squared or made
angular and tapered as above described, or the stick, if of metal, may be
simply squared and tapered at the extremity to form a key.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO VESSELS INTENDED TO CONTAIN LIQUIDS, FLUIDS, OR SEMI-FLUIDS TO FACILITATE THE DISCHARGE OF THE CONTENTS OF SUCH SAID VESSELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Barns at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th November 1871.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BARNS, of Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO VESSELS INTENDED TO CONTAIN LIQUIDS, FLUIDS, OR
SEMI-FLUIDS TO FACILITATE THE DISCHARGE OF THE CONTENTS OF SUCH SAID
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The features of novelty of this Invention consist in adapting to the
upper part of such said vessels (by preference) a hollow sphere or ball of
vulcanized india-rubber or suitable elastic or flexible material, the said
sphere or ball resting loosely in a shallow dish or cup of corresponding
shape to that part of the sphere or ball that is to rest in the said dish
or cup.

page_text: making a small hole through the centre of the said dish or cup and cover.
I also make a hole in the aforesaid sphere or ball, and fix therein a short
piece of tubing, which I pass through the hole in the dish or cup and
cover. The lid of the pot may be screwed or hinged on to the said pot or
otherwise affixed thereto, so as to be air-tight or nearly, so, and to the
side of the said pot and near the bottom thereof I make a hole for the
discharge of the mustard, and into this hole I fix a small pipe, cock, or
valve so constructed and arranged as only to allow the mustard to pass
out when pressure is exerted on the aforesaid elastic or flexible sphere or
ball the effect of which is to cause the pressure of the air that is within
and beneath the said sphere or ball, to exert its pressure upon the surface
of the mustard' and thereby force it out of the discharge outlet.
The foregoing arrangements may also be applied with advantage to
larger vessels containing beverages, liquids, fluids, or semi-fluids for
discharging the contents therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MECHANISM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FISHING AND OTHER SIMILAR NETS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Enoch Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
November 1871.
I, ENOCH JONES, of Bridport, in the County of Dorset, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS OR MECHANISM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FISHING AND OTHER SIMILAR
NETS," to be as follows:
These improvements relate to arrangements of apparatus or mechanism
to be employed in the manufacture of fishing and other similar nets, by
which less room is occupied than by machines at present constructed,
the machines are also less costly to manufacture.
According to one method I arrange a curved or a semicircular frame
at one end of the machine, and fit rollers in it for bending and guiding
the shuttle in its to-and-fro movement, when it is acted upon by a treadle
or other lever through cords leading to a race, into which the shuttle
passes after its back end leaves the rollers in the end frame. The shuttle
passes through and is guided by a nozzle to direct it to the first set of
needles and fallers, so that it runs through the remainder. in a straight

page_text: line; the fore end of the nozzle at each side of the recess is rounded off
to prevent the shuttle being cut or injured by the bend it receives when
passing round the end piece. Two or more curved or semicircular ends,
shuttle, and shuttle races can be arranged in or to the same machine,
the shuttles for each one getting an independent action from its own
treadle or lever.
According to another method I use a wheel, into a groove of which the
shuttle is received for keeping it in working order, a fixed plate being
fitted into the groove to prevent the shuttle jumping or springing out of
place; the wheel may be actuated by the shuttle or its cord, or by a
separate cord leading from the treadle or lever.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING SELF-RAISING FLOUR of Preparinging
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Harding at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1871. A communication from abroad by Gorham Gray, of Boston,
in the State of Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, CHARLES HARDING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF PREPARING SELF-RAISING FLOUR" (a communication) to be as
follows:-
This Invention for "An Improved Method of Preparing Self-raising
Flour," consists in a thorough and intimate incorporation of the fer-
menting principle with the flour, when the grain is ground in a certain
proportion and at a low temperature not exceeding blood heat. The
meal or flour of wheat, corn, and all other kinds of grain may be
prepared to render it self-rising, that is to say, so impregnated with the
fermenting principle, that for making bread therewith it will be only
necessary to add and mix a little warm water to produce a dough that
will rise well and make superior light bread. The method of preparing
this self-raising flour is to make pure hop yeast in the form of cakes,

page_text: composed of meal or flour and thoroughly dried, and in the proportion
of one half pound of yeast, thus prepared and reduced to a powder, to
sixty pounds of clean grain, well mixed, with the yeast powder, grind
them together, care being taken to keep the temperature of the meal
in grinding below blood heat. The flour will be permeated in this
manner with the fermenting principle, which will retain perfectly its
full power to raise the dough and make a superior light bread, when-
ever desired, by mixing it with warm water and working the dough in
the usual manner before and after rising. The ready self-raising flour
will for this reason be a great convenience to housekeepers, as it will
save the trouble of providing and adding yeast to every batch of bread
made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGE- MENT OF THE PARTS OF TUBE CLEANERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Pearson Galloway at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th March 1871.
I, MATTHEW PEARSON GALLOWAY, of Leith, in the County of
Edinburgh, North Britain, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGE-
MENT OF THE PARTS OF TUBE CLEANERS," to be as follows, that is to say:―
This said Invention has reference to improvements in the classes of
tube cleaners which scrape and clean the internal surface of steam
boiler or other tubes by the use of a short hollow barrel or bulged body
formed of thin, narrow, longitudinal, or angular springs which press out
the scraping and cleaning edges or surfaces, either formed on or attached
to them, and which improvements make these classes of tube cleaners
more perfect, durable, and useful than they have been heretofore.
And these improvements consist substantially as follows:-First, in
forming a set or ring of longitudinal slots to fit and receive the ends
of the springs nearly but not quite through the end collars which
carry, tighten, and bulge out the springs, all without the necessity

page_text: of passing slots and pinching screws through the ends of each spring
as heretofore, which were most troublesome from soon wearing and
tumbling out.
A second improvement consists in the application of a light clastic or
steel ring within the hollow bulged central part of the set of springs so
directly or loosely attached to them as to hold them in shape and
position approximately, but still allow them to expand and contract as
usual by scrowing the end collars or bosses nearer to or further from
each other; or otherwise this central clastic ring might be made to act
as coiled or elastic springs to force out the bulged longitudinal blades,
and the scraping edges or blocks fixed on them to scrape against the
internal surface of the tubes either with or without the spring action
given by the shifting of the end collars, which in this case might be
made fixed or stationary. This segmental circular or score spring might
be cut or formed in one, two, or more places or parts when desired
respectively.
Another improvement consists in adding a disc or short cylindrical-
shaped wire or other elastic brush near the back end at the socket
which screws to the long rod or handle, cither instead of or in addition
to and along with the ordinary elastic disc of leather or india-rubber
which have sometimes heretoforo been used, but which latter ought only
to be used for cold or wet tubes, and for sweeping and cleaning out the
scraped off and loose dirt or dust from within the tubes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PENS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Robert Baker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1871.
+
I, FRANCIS ROBERT BAKER, of Leamington, in the County of
Warwick, Vulcanite Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PENS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing pens of ebonite, by the
process or combination of processes herein-after described.
Pens made of ebonite are anti-corrosive and wear much longer than
ordinary metallic pens.
In manufacturing pens of ebonite according to my Invention I
proceed as follows:-I take ordinary ebonite and roll it into thin sheets
of the required gauge. While the ebonite is in the sheet I subject one
side of it to a polishing process so as to give a bright and smooth surface
to the said side. The surface of the other side is left in the rough state
in which it comes from the rolls for the purpose herein-after explained.

page_text: I take the sheet ebonite thus prepared, and heat it to a temperature of
from 100 to 150 degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer, so as to soften the
said ebonite and remove the brittleness from it. While in this soft
state I cut from it by means of press tools blanks of the required shape.
The blanks are then pierced and slit. I next take these blanks and
place a series of them side by side and clamp them together and polish
their edges so as to give such a finish to the said edges that they will
not require when made into pens a further treatment. The blanks are
next warmed on a heated plate so as to make them flexible, and while
so heated are shaped or raised into pens by press tools. Pens thus made
have a bright and smooth surface externally, and a rough surface inter-
nally, the said rough surface enabling the pen to take up the ink readily
and deliver it to the nibs in writing.
Instead of making the pens from sheet ebonite by the process or
combination of processes described, the said pens may be made by
shaping or moulding ebonite while in a soft state, and afterwards
hardening the pens in the way in which ebonite is usually hardened.
My Invention is applicable to the manufacture of slip pens, barrel
pens, and pens in which the pen proper and holder part are made in one
piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING YARN
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Howard Blamires at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st October 1871.
I, THOMAS HOWARD BLAMIRES, of Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Yarn Spinner and Woollen Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING
OR TWISTING YARN," to be as follows:-
"
"
This Invention relates to machinery for spinning and twisting that
class of yarn for which the "mule" or "jenny" is usually used, and
my improvements consist in so constructing machinery for this purpose
as to dispense with the "carriage," and its traverse or running in'
and out, and thus to greatly reduce the space required for working
yarn
of
machinery employed for effecting the spinning and twisting of
the class referred to. This construction of machinery is equally appli-
cable to the cotton spinning jenny.
I construct the machine as follows:-The spindles are placed in or
near a vertical position as on the "mule" or 'jenny," or may be at an
angle, and are driven from the ordinary tin roller, the slubbing or

page_text: roving passes between the "letting in" rollers to and thence through
revolving guide eyes to the spindles, fallers being employed for guiding
the yarn thereto. These guide eyes are supported on a cross rail to
which a rising and falling motion is imparted, so as to secure the required
traverse or drawing out and spinning the yarn, without occupying the t
room or space required for the "running in" and out of the carriage,
as on the spinning "mule" or "jenny."
3.
I■- PROVEMENTS IN RECIPROCATING SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1871.
I, WILLIAM ROBSON, of Blaydon-on-Tyne, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "I■-
PROVEMENTS IN RECIPROCATING SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to reciprocating valves used in steam, air, gas,
or other engines, and has for its object the diminution or removal of
friction.
In place of constructing valves in the form now commonly in use,
I employ a cylindrical case having a piston or plunger working therein.
This piston is made steam-tight by metal rings or other contrivances
at each end, and the middle is hollowed out so as to admit the exhaust
steam to escape to the condenser or into the air. The piston is actuated
in a similar manner to that at present employed, receiving reciprocating
motion from the eccentric or other mechanical contrivances. In the
working of the piston valve the steam is admitted alternately at the top
and bottom of the cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES FOR FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Nicholas Sanders at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th March 1871.
I, GEORGE NICHOLAS SANDERS, of the State of Kentucky, in the
United States of America, now resident at 5, Albion Place, Blackfriars
Road, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES FOR FIRE-ARMS," to
be as follows:-
I propose to attach to the base of an elongated shot or shell for
cannon, or bullet for muskets, a tail or tube of metal, prepared paper,
or other substance, as a fuse charged with rocket powder. For this
purpose I cast the musket bullet with an annular space, quarter inch,
more or less, in depth, leaving a core sufficiently long and thick 'to be a
base for the tube. The bullet and tube or tail are to be encased in the
shell of the cartridge as in the ordinary manner. The bullet is thus
made lighter in itself, and the tube or tail (which can be made of any
convenient length and may be winged), will serve as the feather to the.
arrow, superseding the necessity for rifling the gun.

page_text: For shell the tube will serve as a time fuse and be inserted into the
opening at the base of the shell where the explosive charge is introduced.
For clongated solid shot the tube or tail will be attached in a similar
manner to that above described for musket bullets.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Budworth Sharp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st January 1871.
I, THOMAS BUDWORTH SHARP, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS FOR STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows:
In constructing injectors it has heretofore been customary to provide
an overflow passage between the end of the combination or water nozzle
and the back pressure valve at the mouth of the pipe leading to the
boiler, now this overflow is objectionable as it allows a portion of the
steam to blow off.
My Invention consists in dispensing with the overflow. The feed
water is now caused to pass through a valve opening inwards to a
chamber provided with a stop-cock at its lower end, which chamber is
in communication with the upper end of the combination or water
nozzle, the lower end of which is closed by the back pressure valve
leading to the boiler; by this arrangement in consequence of the water

page_text: falling by gravity into contact with the steam the steam is condensed
and caused to impart the requisite momentum to the water for forcing
it into the boiler and no steam is wasted.
Another of my improvements in the construction of injectors consists
in placing the steam and water pipes concentric to each other and in
communication with the boiler, thereby simplifying the construction
and requiring only one opening into the boiler instead of two, namely,
one for steam and the other for delivery as heretofore. This arrange-
ment may be used in combination with the improvements above
described or with injectors of other construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING FANCY GOODS, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
December 1871.
I, ROBERT SMITH, of Longridge, near Preston, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING FANCY GOODS, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED
THEREFOR," to be as follows :—
This Invention applies principally to the manufacture of that class of
fancy goods called "leno stripes," wherein the pattern is produced by
the greater slackness of the cords or threads which produce the
pattern as compared with those that produce the cloth or back-
ground, and consists mainly in the employment of two beams, on one
of which the threads or cords for the pattern are wound, whilst those
for the ground or cloth are wound upon the other. The threads or
cords from the first beam pass over the second, and then over an "iron
rod," which latter is caused to rise or fall as required by means of springs

page_text: "
and weights, and is connected by an upright or vertical rod or cord with
the treadles which are attached to the "
dobby" or "index machine'
which works the pattern. By these means the slackness of the threads
or cords forming the pattern which is the essential feature of all "leno"
goods is effected, and a greater variety of patterns may be produced than
by the method hitherto practised.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES, CIGAR TUBES, AND CIGARETTE TUBES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Blumfeld at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
May 1871. A communication from abroad by Franz Hiess, of
Vienna, in the Austrian Empire.
I, LOUIS BLUMPELD, of the Firm of Adolph Frankau and Company,
of Wood Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, Merchants, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PIPES, CIGAR TUBES, AND CIGARETTE TUBES," communicated to me
from abroad by Franz Hiess, of Vienna, in the Austrian Empire, to be
as follows:-
:-
The object of this Invention is to effect a convenient junction
between the mouthpiece and bowl of a pipe or smoking tube, instead
of using the usual means of screw or smooth fitting which have many
objections.
According to this Invention a slot of an angular shape is formed in
one part of the stem or in the mounting thereof, and on another part
of the stem or on the mounting thereof a pin or stud is fixed or formed.
The pin or stud engages and disengages in the slot, and by moving
the parts of the pipe the pin is brought from one limb of the angular

page_text: slot into the other and the fastening and unfastening actions are
effected. The arrangement is in effect a sort of bayonet joint. There
may be two or more such fastenings. The parts may thus be readily
disconnected when the pipe has to be cleansed, and afterwards as readily
connected together, and when so connected they are firmly held and a 5
stanch joint is effected.
The same arrangement may be applied in similar manner for
connecting the parts of a cigar tube and cigarette tube.
In one arrangement the pin and slot may be interior of the mounting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING APPARATUS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Allec Purkis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th December 1871.
I, ROBERT ALLEE PURKIS, of Cheam, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for cooling
liquids by the aid of a volatilizable medium.
I have found by experiment that the surface employed to abstract
the heat from the water, brine, or other liquid under treatment is only
effective while wet with the volatilizable medium.
Now the object of my Invention is to maintain a large evaporating
surface within a limited area, and thus greatly to reduce the cost of the
apparatus, while at the same time its efficiency is greatly enhanced.
To this end I mount in bearings in the tank that contains the liquor
to be cooled a closed metal drum (copper by preference) which drum
is to receive the volatilizable medium. This drum I fit with a core

page_text: or filling block so proportioned as to leave only a narrow space on
all sides between it and the drum. The inner periphery of the drum
I provide with annular channels, the openings to which will be
somewhat narrower than the channels themselves; or I otherwise form
the inner periphery so as to give it an irregular surface, and thereby
ensure that the volatilizing medium shall while the drum is rotated
hang about the surface and keep it constantly wet. This drum is
connected with an air pump, which by its action will cause the æther
or other volatile substance to volatilize, and the metal of the drum will
thereby be caused to take up with rapidity the heat from the liquid in
which it rotates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING CASKS, BARRELS, AND OTHER WOODEN VESSELS FOR THE PURPOSE OF RENDERING THEM MORE HIGHLY AIR-TIGHT AND IMPERVIOUS TO THE SUBSTANCES CONTAINED WITHIN THEM
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Harman Furlong at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st September 1871.
I, CHARLES HARMAN FURLONG, of 18, Billiter Street, in the City of
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING CASKS, BARRELS, AND OTHER
WOODEN VESSELS FOR THE PURPOSE OF RENDERING THEM MORE HIGHLY AIR-TIGHT
AND IMPERVIOUS TO THE SUBSTANCES CONTAINED WITHIN THEM," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
It is well known that all liquids when enclosed in barrels, casks; or
wooden vessels, will more or less penetrate the pores of the wood and
the seams, causing in some cases a considerable amount of leakage.
The object of my Invention is to obviate this imbibition or infiltration
of the liquid by the containing vessel, and also to prevent the wood from
communicating any flavour to the liquid, and for that purpose I propose
to coat or inject into the interior surface of the vessel any well-known
compound highly impervious to or insoluble by the liquid contained in

page_text: it. The compound will of course depend upon the nature of the liquid
enclosed, but may consist of a liquefied glue or compounds of glue with
tannin or tannic acid, or compounds of tar or other bituminous sub-
stances mixed with siliceous matters, and my method of applying this to
the vessel is as follows:-The cask or barrel to be operated upon is
raised to a high temperature so as to expand the interstices or pores in
the wood, the coating liquid is then introduced and the surface covered,.
compressed air is then forced into the barrel, which acting upon the
coating liquid forces it into the interstices or pores of the wood, the
normal temperature being resumed the substance solidifies and the
barrel becomes totally impervious to the liquid within or to the air or
liquids outside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING PRECIPITATED SEWAGE AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1871

page_text: .PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Parry at the Office
'
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
September 1871.
I, FRANCIS PARRY, of 102, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING PRECIPITATED SEWAGE AND OTHER
LIKE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to improvements on the Invention for which
Provisional Protection was granted to me bearing date the 25th of August
last, No. 2233, and consists essentially in disposing a flat plate or cover,
perforated or otherwise, close to the surface of the mud or other sub-
stance to be dried. If desired this flat cover may be made hollow so as
to form a top chamber, and be perforated on its under side to admit hot
air or steam therein and direct it through the perforations down upon
the surface of the mud. The said flat plate or cover may be applied
either to a rotatory or to a stationary receptacle. In the latter case there
will be a sand joint or other convenient tight joint formed between the
edges of the flat plate or cover and the sides or edges of the receptacle

page_text: to prevent any escape of effluvium or loss of the hot air or steam
employed in drying the mud.
When using a receptacle of very extended area the plates or covers
may be subdivided, and each be attached to a chain and counterweight
so as to enable any one or more to be readily elevated and lowered
again. With a view to prevent loss of heat by radiation these flat plates
or covers should be coated with any well known good non-conducting
material.
The mud to be dried is run in a thin layer over the floor of the
receptacle, which may or may not be subdivided into compartments, and
provided with footways for the workmen along the middle and sides;
and the plates or covers having been lowered into their places a rapid
current of hot air or dried steam, produced either by a fan or other
forcing or extracting apparatus or by the mere draught of a long flue
and chimney, is caused to traverse a space or chamber underneath the
floor of the receptacle and thence to pass along the surface of the mud,
that is to say, between the mud and the flat cover plates, and finally to
pass off to the chimney. Or the hot air or steam may first pass along
the surface of the mud and then traverse the space beneath the floor,
or the current of hot air or steam may pass directly along the top and
bottom of the receptacle at the same time in lieu of passing from one to
the other; or the hot air or steam may be alternately applied to the top
and bottom of the receptacle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR SUPPLYING WATER TO CISTERNS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th December 1871.
I, WILLIAM ROBERTS, of Westferry Road, Millwall, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR SUPPLYING WATER TO CISTERNS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is, firstly, to construct valves for
supplying water to cisterns in such a manner that the quantity delivered
can be regulated from a few drops per hour to the largest quantity
that can pass through the full bore of the inlet, and also so to construct
such valves that neither washers or stuffing boxes are required in their
construction.
For this purpose the shell or casing of the valve is formed of a
cylindrical or other chamber having a inlet pipe standing out from one
of its ends, and also an outlet pipe at right angles thereto. Around the
end of the inlet passage a valve seat is formed, and at the opposite
side of the case or shell is a screw plug having a hole bored centrally

page_text: through it. Through this hole is passed a stem carrying at its end
a valve, which is ground into the valve seat. The arm or lever which
carries the ball float is coupled to the stem of the valve, so that when
the ball falls the valve is drawn away from the valve seat and the back
of the valve brought against the end of the screw plug, and thereby
prevents the passage of water through the hole which is bored through
it, and at the same time forms a stop to prevent the ball from falling
after the valve is fully open, even though the tank or cistern were
entirely emptied of water.
If the valve is required to be adjustable so 'that the amount of
water delivered by it can be varied, this can be effected by screwing
the screw plug more or less into the case. The distance the valve is
allowed to open when the ball falls can thereby be regulated, and the
screw plug can be fixed in the position desired by a lock nut screwing
upon it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES EMPLOYED IN SMOKING TOBACCO
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Duncan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1871.
I, HENRY DUNCAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES EMPLOYED IN SMOKING TOBACCO," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to pipes in which the smoke
is drawn through water or other liquid contained in a portion of the
stem or connecting passage between the bowl and mouthpiece, and has
for its object to provide pipes which (1) can be easily charged with or
emptied of water or other liquid; (2) prevent the water or other liquid with
which they are charged from reaching the bowl or mouthpiece when
laid on their sides; (3) can be easily cleaned and made sweet; (4) are
convenient for holding in the hand or suspending from the mouth of
the smoker; and (5) effectually "break" the water or other liquid
through which the smoke has to pass, and prevent it from being drawn
into the mouth of the smoker.
For these purposes I (A) construct the water or liquid containing
stem of glass or other suitable material of a loop-like form,, laying the

page_text: end of one limb over the other limb.
The mouthpiece or mouthpiece
portion of the stem is fitted into one limb and the bowl or bowl portion
of the stem is fitted into the other. The water or other liquid is con-
tained in the lower part of the loop. (B) construct the water or liquid
containing stem of glass or other suitable material of a loop-like form
with a bulb in the mouthpiece limb. The mouthpiece and bowl and
the water or liquid are attached and contained as in modification A.
(C) construct the water or liquid containing stem of a loop-like form,
making the bowl of sufficient size, and fitting to the stem near the
mouthpiece or to the stem limb a flange or collar to cause the pipe
when laid down on a flat surface to rest in an angular position, and so
prevent the water or liquid from flowing out. (D) construct the bowl
limb with a ball or other valve to prevent water from reaching the bowl
during smoking.
The second part of my Invention relates to further means for
preventing the water or liquid contained in the loop-like stem from
flowing out through the bowl or mouthpiece, and consists in fitting
to the bowl and to the mouthpice, or to either of them, inner tubes or
an inner smaller tube; these pass into any of the liquid containing stems
described in the above first part, but their ends do not enter amongst the
water or liquid.
Pipes constructed under the above first and second parts may be
used without water or other liquid, they are convenient to handle,
are easily cleaned, and provide ample space for condensation of vapours.
A DOUBLE-ACTION SELF-SUPPLYING SYRUPING OR MEASURING MACHINE FOR ALL KINDS OF LIQUIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Eagles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1871.
I, WILLIAM EAGLES, Copper Smith and Brass Founder, 21, Sandon
Street, Salford, Lancashire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A DOUBLE-ACTION SELF-SUPPLYING SYRUPING OR MEASURING
MACHINE FOR ALL KINDS OF LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of a chamber or cup con-
taining a double-action valve to the pipe that conducts the liquid or
syrup from the barrel, cask, or other like vessel containing liquid, and
from which measured or equal quantities have to be taken, the said
chamber being constructed as follows:-For convenience of manu-
facture the shape is cylindrical, the liquid being conducted to the
interior thereof at the top or end. The chamber contains a double-
action valve, which by its own weight keeps the outlet of chamber
closed and when the outlet is closed the liquid from the barrel is free
to enter the chamber. Fixed to the bottom of double-acting valve
is a tube which passes through the bottom end of chamber, and on

page_text: lifting said tube the outlet valve is opened and at same time by same
operation the inlet to the chamber closed; the liquid contained in said
chamber is thus allowed to run out through the tube. When the tubo
is released the valve closes the outlet and roopens the communication
from the barrel to the chamber which is again re-filled. An equal
quantity of liquid or syrup is thus run off at cach operation of a measure
equal in capacity to that of the chamber.
AN IMPROVED PAPER DAMPER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Tebbitt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
October 1871.
I, CHARLES TEBBITT, of Paris, in the French Republic, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PAPER
DAMPER," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to an improved self-feeding paper damper,
especially designed for use in letter copying and other analogous
operations in which moistening is effected by a continuous but moderate
flow of liquid.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing is a side view of the
apparatus; Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same; Figure 3 is an
end view. In all these Figures similar parts are indicated by the same
letters of reference.
a is a reservoir in metal, porcelain, glass, gutta percha, vulcanite, or
other suitable matter, the sides of which are inclined from the base b, b,
to the top c, c, or otherwise so arranged as to leave at the latter point
a longitudinal slot d of a diameter corresponding with the thickness of

page_text: the strip e, e, formed of felt or other capillary material, which if so
desired may be enclosed in a sheath. is a tubulure for the intro-
duction of the liquid, closed by a stopper of any convenient description.
The upper end of the capillary strip e, e, projects to a certain distance
beyond the slot d, which it fills throughout its length, thus forming a
species of continuous brush as shewn in 9, 9. Its lower extremity is
immersed in the water or other liquid used h, h, which by the capillary
action is brought to the surface g, g, securing the constant moistening
of the latter.
When in use the apparatus is inverted, and the free end 9, 9, of
the strin e e is passed over the surfaces to be moistened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF VARIEGATED OR MIXED COLORED THREADS SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS OF A NOVEL CHARACTER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Garrett Tongue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th November 1871.-A communication from abroad by
Guillaume Meynier, of Paris, France, Merchant.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck,
Patent Agents, and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF VARIEGATED OR
MIXED COLORED THREADS SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS OF A
NOVEL CHARACTER," to be as follows:-
:-
Heretofore in the manufacture of fabrics from mixed colored threads
or particolored threads, either a hard and sharp or a dull monotonous
effect has been produced when woven or worked up into fabrics, such
threads being incapable of giving to the fabrics made therewith the
appearance or softness required.
Now the object of these improvements is to produce variegated threads
of such a character as to obviate these defects by combining parti-
colored filaments or threads with plain or colored threads before they

page_text: are milled or twisted, so as to obtain various effects as may be desired.
For this purpose filaments of raw silk or the fibres of wool, cotton, or
other fibrous materials, are printed or dyed of any colour in different
places before they are milled or twisted, and then by milling and
twisting them with coloured or uncoloured threads, variegated threads
of a novel character are produced, which may be woven or worked up
into fabrics so as to produce novel and improved effects.
These mixed threads may be made with several threads of wool, or
with several threads of wool, silk and cotton, or with several threads of
wool and silk, or several threads all silk, or all wool, or other fibres.
For the twisted threads (coloured or dyed differently or not) one
colour or several colours may be employed in order to vary the effects.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF JOINTS OR HINGES FOR SILVER PLATE, PLATED GOODS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Robert Wood, of Sheffield, in the County
of York, Silversmith, and William Wilde, of Whittington, in the
County of Derby, Surveyor, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF JOINTS OR HINGES FOR SILVER PLATE,
PLATED GOODS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 23rd January 1872, and dated the 28th July 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Robert Wood
and William Wilde at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 28th July 1871.
We, JOHN ROBERT WOOD, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Silver-
smith, and WILLIAM WILDE, of Whittington, in the County of Derby,
Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for “ Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF JOINTS OR HINGES FOR
SILVER PLATE, PLATED GOODS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture or production of joints or
hinges in German silver or other metals which are used extensively by
manufacturers of silver, silver plated, and other similar articles.

page_text: According to this Invention the joints are first cast, a number of
such joints may if desired be connected together by a thin strip of metal
called the "runner;" they are then if so cast in a series as above cut
into single joints roughly filed, and each joint is placed between a pair
of accurately cut and hardened steel dies, and subjected to considerable
pressure. This operation has the effect of rendering the metal more
solid and compact, an advantage which cannot be obtained in simple
castings; it also causes all the superfluous metal to be squeezed out, and
leaves the joint perfectly accurate for fitting into its opposite half without
any further filing or shaping. The two pieces forming one seamless
joint are then put together, and a hole drilled through the knuckles to
receive the pin which is then inserted. A smooth file may be then
passed over the top of the knuckles, and the joint is complete.
By this Invention a seamless joint or hinge of compact hard metal
durable and uniform in its accuracy is obtained with considerable
economy over the manufacture at present in use.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING SIGNALS TO DRIVERS AND CON- DUCTORS OF ROAD VEHICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Arthur Warner Sleigh
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st April 1871.
I, WILLIAM ARthur Warner SLEIGH, of "The Temple," in the City
of London, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING SIGNALS TO DRIVERS AND CON-
DUCTORS OF ROAD VEHICLES," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to a combined apparatus for sounding and
indicating the direction or instructions of the occupants to the drivers or
conductors of road vehicles, and consists in arranging a quadrant or
other shaped index plate upon the dashboard of, say, a brougham, and in
front of the driver; this plate is divided into divisions, over which a
pointer or index hand can be made to travel by moving the axis or
central pin by means of cords leading from the inside of the vehicle
where a similar apparatus is also fitted. The inside apparatus has in
connection with it a bellows or blower for sending a current of air
through a pipe to a whistle or other sound-giving instrument near the
driver's seat, so that when the index is moved the driver's attention is
called thereto.
-

page_text: The index plates are divided into, say, five divisions bearing the
following instructions, stop left, turn left, go on, turn right, stop right,
and the fingers can be retained at either of those divisions by a spring
catch taking into a notch provided for it.
I have referred to cords being employed for communicating the
movement from one index to the other, but pinions and shafts can be
used, if necessary.
The division plates may be of metal or other material, and either
opaque or transparent, so that a light can be thrown upon or through
them for night travelling.
In lieu of a whistle and pipe with the bellows a slip paul on the dash-
board index can be made to operate upon a small bell or gong.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING SELF-RAISING FLOUR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Cheesbrough at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th May 1871.-A communication from abroad by Gorham
Gray, of Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, United States of
America.
I, FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of 15, Water Street, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING SELF-RAISING FLOUR,"
to be as follows :-
This Invention for "An Improved Method of Preparing Self-raising
Flour" consists in a thorough and intimate incorporation of the
fermenting principle with the flour when the grain is ground in a
certain proportion and at a low temperature not exceeding blood heat.
The meal or flour of wheat, corn, and all other kinds of grain may be
prepared to render it self-rising, that is to say, so impregnated with the
fermenting principle that for making bread therewith it will be only
necessary to add and mix a little warm water to produce a dough that
will rise well and make superior light bread.

page_text: The method of preparing this self-raising flour is to make pure hop
yeast in the form of cakes composed of meal or flour, and thoroughly
dried, and in the proportion of one-half pound of yeast thus prepared
and reduced to a powder to sixty pounds of clean grain well mixed
with the yeast powder, grind them together, care being taken to keep
the temperature of the meal in grinding below blood heat. The flour
will be permeated in this manner with the fermenting principle which
will retain perfectly its full power to raise the dough and make a
superior light bread whenever desired by mixing it with warm water
and working the dough in the usual manner before and after rising.
The ready self-raising flour will for this reason be a great convenience
to housekeepers as it will save the trouble of providing and adding yeast
to every batch of bread made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PENS FOR WRITING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Laurence Stewart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
August 1871.
I, LAURENCE STEWART, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PENS FOR WRITING," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in pens for writing,
consists in the employment of vulcanite or vulcanised caoutchouc or
india-rubber combined or not with gutta percha, asphalte, or other
similar ingredient as the material of which the said pens are constructed.
In constructing pens according to this Invention the vulcanite or
vulcanised caoutchouc or other material is reduced or rolled to the form
of a sheet, and blanks of the requisite shape are cut, punched, or pressed
out from the same; these are afterwards curved to the shape of an
ordinary writing pen and the points split by a splitting machine.
In using the pens constructed according to this Invention they are
held in an ordinary penholder similar to those used for holding steel
pens.