matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING THE FOULING OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1865. A communication from abroad by William Bolivar Davis, of
Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, State of New York, United States
of America.
GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING THE FOULING OF SHIPS AND
OTHER VESSELS," (a communication to me from abroad by William Bolivar Davis,
of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, State of New York, United States
of America,) to be as follows:-
This composition consists of arsenic, acetate of copper, acetate of zinc,.
linseed oil, spirits of turpentine, or benzine, or other equivalent substance,.
and the residuum of palm oil or tallow after distillation. The substances are
mixed in about the following proportions:-
Residuum of palm oil
Acetate of copper
Acetate of zinc
Arsenic
-
15 parts.
. 20 do.
-
10 do.
-
20 do.
Spirits of turpentine, benzine, or equivalent substances - 25 do.
Linseed oil
10
do.

page_text: In order to coat any surface such as that of the bottom of a vessel with the
composition, that portion to be coated should first be painted over with two
coats of the residuum of palm oil or tallow after distillation. This effectually
prevents the water from coming into contact with the metal, and consequently
precludes any galvanic action or oxidation. A coating of the composition is
then applied over the tallow or palm oil.
It has been ascertained by practical experiments that when coated with the
composition as above described a vessel may remain for months in waters noted
for the destructive effect of their animalculæ without being injuriously affected
in the slightest degree, and that when so protected there is no accumulation
whatever upon the bottom of the vessel of barnacles or vegetable deposit.
The metal sheathing when coated with this composition has also been found
to be entirely free from oxidation and unaffected by galvanic action.
The composition may be applied with good results to piers or other objects
which are injuriously affected by the action of sea water or animalculæ.
Arsenic has been heretofore used in protective compositions for the purpose
of destroying the animalculæ, but it has not been found possible. heretofore to
-prevent the water from dissolving the arsenic and removing it from the
composition.
It has been found that the palm oil or tallow acts as a perfect shield for the
arsenic, and effectually prevents the water from acting on it in any manner.
The greater portion of the arsenic, however, combines with the copper and
zine, forming a combination which is not only a very active poison, but is also
almost insoluble in water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th October 1865.-A communication from abroad by Laurent de
Montgolfier, of Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC
PAPERS," to be as follows:-
These improvements in the manufacture of photographic papers have for
their object more particularly to simplify the operations relative to the
obtaining of positive proofs, and also to effect considerable economy in the
cost of producing such proofs by dispensing with the use of the chloride of
gold or platinum usually employed in the developing process. For this
purpose, a small quantity hypophosphorus acid, phosphorous acid, phosphoric
acid, or any salt having such an acid for its base, such as phosphate or phos-
phite of soda, potash, or ammonia, is to be mixed with the albumen prepared
for covering the surface of the paper. The proportion of acid or salt employed
in relation to the albumen may vary from 2 to 20 per cent.
In order to effect an intimate mixture, the albumen and salt or acid are beaten
up together and left to settle for about 24 hours before being used. In order
to render the paper sensitive it is sufficient to lay it upon a solution of nitrate
of silver; this paper will require precisely the same exposure as ordinary
albumenized paper. The proofs will take different shades of brown according

page_text: to the length of time they are in the press. After two or three successive
washings in distilled or rain water, the proof without undergoing the changing
or developing process is submitted for from 15 to 20 minutes in the dark to a
bath of hyposulphite of soda containing, if desired, a small quantity of chloride
of silver in order to remove all the phosphate of silver and leave the lights
white; the proof is then to be exposed to light for several hours while
immersed in the hyposulphite bath, and then washed dark shades will thus be
produced which nearly resemble those produced by printing from copper-plate
engravings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Valentine Baker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1865.
I, VALENTINE BAKER, Lieutenant-Colonel of Her Majesty's 10th Regiment
of Hussars, of Cahir, in the County of Tipperary, Ireland, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates firstly to an improved system or mode of supplying
water to hydraulic motive-power engines worked by a head pressure, and
consists in bringing the water from lakes, reservoirs, streams, or rivers in
elevated localities by means of syphon pipes of increasing strength in
proportion to the depth of fall, and causing such water to operate upon
suitable hydraulic motive-power engines situate at a lower level.
According to one form of engine, which constitutes another portion of the
Invention, two cylinders are combined together, each being furnished with a
single-acting reciprocating piston, which pistons work in opposite directions,
and are alternately subjected to the head pressure of the water by means of
two-way valves or cocks provided for that purpose. These valves or cocks may
be worked either by the water pressure which supplies the engine, or by
weights or springs acted upon by any convenient moving part of the engine
itself.

page_text: The motion of the pistons may be transmitted in any well-known manner
to machinery of all kinds for the purpose of driving the same. The valves
or cocks are so arranged that when the one opens to allow of the water
pressure acting upon one piston, the other is simultaneously closed to the
water pressure, but opened to an escape pipe which allows the water which has
previously done its work and been cut off to escape from the cylinder and allow
of the back or return stroke of the piston, which is produced by the stroke
of the other piston, and vice versa. Or in lieu of the reciprocating motion
of pistons in cylinders a continuous rotatory motion may be obtained by
causing the water to flow through a mouth-piece directly into the buckets
of an overshot or of a breast water wheel, such mouth-piece being
of a corresponding shape to the mouth of the buckets, but of slightly
smaller area. Or the water so obtained may be used for driving turbines
of any well-known construction by bringing it through a pipe in connection
therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Colley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1865.
1, ABRAHAM COLLEY, of Enfield Highway, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE
TO BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements applicable to breech-loaders,
whether rifled or otherwise, and consists of a novel construction of breech
forming a compound or compensating valve breech, the object of which is to
prevent the possibility of any escape of gas from the breech at the moment of
discharge.
The principle of the Invention is the formation of an expanding breech
plug, capable of yielding laterally at the instant of discharge, so as to tighten
up and perfectly close the breech, and yet capable of returning to its former
dimensions, in order that it may be released for the succeeding charge.
I propose to form the compound breech plug of five parts composed of
steel, as follows:-Firstly, a centre ring plain; secondly, a solid conical plug.
with a screw inserted therein through the larger face, and projecting beyond
the apex; thirdly, a conical split ring, that is, a ring whose outer periphery is
cylindrical, and its inner surface conical, to adapt itself for the reception of
the solid conical plug; fourthly, a second conical split ring similar to the
former; and, fifthly, a solid cone back plug formed like the other solid
conical plug, but with a female screw thread to receive the screw of the other
conical plug.

page_text: These pieces are put together as follows:-the central ring forms the middle
of the plug, the two split rings are placed one on each side thereof, then
the two solid conical screw plugs to form the back and front of the breech plug;
by turning the male screw plug into the other, all the pieces are tightened up
and form a solid piece; thus, at the moment of discharge the conical plugs are
driven towards each other and force the conical rings outwards, thus tightening
the breech and preventing escape of gas. The split rings enable the expansion
-to take place more readily, and the central ring also prevents escape of gas.
As a modification of the above principle I propose to construct a gun-metal
plug having a conical recess and female screw for the reception of the conical
plug and male screw. The action is similar to that of the compound steel plug.
Other suitable metals may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAIL AND DESPATCH BAGS, AND BAGS FOR OTHER SIMILAR USES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th March 1865.-A communication from abroad by Thomas James
Claxton, residing at Montreal, Canada.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MAIL AND DESPATCH BAGS, AND BAGS FOR OTHER SIMILAR
USES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in mail and despatch bags,
and bags for other similar uses. The body of the bag is formed of double
canvas waterproofed with india-rubber, or of other suitable strong and water-
proof material; round the mouth of the bag a number of slits are formed, and
a leather strap is threaded in and out through them. Just beneath the slits
for the strap there is attached to the inside of the bag what may be termed
a false mouth; it is a cylinder or sleeve of thin india-rubber, or macintosh
fabric, or similar material, of the same diameter as the mouth of the bag, and
at one end it is fixed all round to the mouth of the bag, as before mentioned.
When the despatches or other articles have been placed in the bag it is
secured by rolling up the false mouth tightly on itself until the roll comes
within the mouth of the bag and below the strap; the strap is then drawn
tight, and is secured by a padlock passed through eyelet holes in the strap.

page_text: By this method a water-tight closing is obtained, so that the contents of the
bag are effectually preserved from injury by water, and if the bag falls
accidentally into the sea it will float, and in most cases its recovery will
be easy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING SCRAPS OR SMALL PIECES OF LEATHER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Farmerley Dickson and
John Barrs at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th December 1865.
We, JOHN FARMERLEY DICKSON, Manufacturing Chemist, and JOHN BARRS,
Grocer, both of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING SCRAPS OR SMALL
PIECES OF LEATHER," to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of boots and shoes and other articles there exists
considerable waste in scraps or small pieces of leather, and the object of our
improvements is to utilize these scraps or small pieces by connecting together
two or more of such pieces, so that when united they may be applied in the
manufacture of heels and other parts of boots and shoes, and for other pur-
poses where single pieces have heretofore been employed. For this purpose
the edges or surfaces to be connected are cut and let into each other in a
notched or dovetail figure, and this union of the parts thus effected is aided
by the application to them of paste or other suitable cement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR VALVES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Woodward Moore at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 23rd
December 1865.-A communication from abroad by Henry Moore,
residing at Centre Street, New York, United States of America.
I, CHARLES WOODWARD MOORE, of 12 and 13, Little Earl Street, Sobo, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR VALVES," to be as follows:-
The arrangement consists in a valve provided with an elastic seat operating
similarly to an ordinary poppet or check valve and rotating key working an
excentric in its rotation. The pressure of the water or fluid is behind or on the
top of the valve, and tends to press it on an elastic seat, consequently it is
always tight. The rotation of the excentric or the key below the valve in its
opening motion raises the valve from its seat and allows the fluid to discharge,
but in its closing motion it simply withdraws the support from underneath the
valve, and leaves it free to close by its own gravity and by the pressure of the
fluid behind it; consequently the valve is self-adjusting, and it cannot be
dragged or forced down to injure its elastic seat as may happen with any
closing mechanism. Thus the grinding and squeezing action due to all com-
pression valves now in use which close against the pressure of the fluid is
entirely avoided, and perfect tightness and durability are obtained in a simple
manner. The parts are few and cannot become deranged, and all the working
parts of the cock may be detached from the shank without unsoldering it
from the pipe. For water heated by the ordinary arrangement of copper

page_text: boilers in houses, or any other arrangement not generating high-pressure
steam, these cocks or valves are as good and durable as with cold water. For
steam cocks or extremely hot water direct from a high-pressure boiler they
are made with metal seats and ground in valves.
AN IMPROVED STAY OR CORSET BUSK
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
May 1865. A communication from abroad by Telesphore Genty, of
39, Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STAY OR
CORSET BUSK," a communication from abroad by Telesphore Genty, of 39,
Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The busks in ordinary use are all open to objection, the button busk,
which is the one most commonly used because of its cheapness and the facility
with which it is clasped, sometimes unclasps of itself either top or bottom, and
also compels the wearer when suffering from indisposition to partially undress
in order to unfasten it entirely. Mechanical busks amongst other objections
are costly and somewhat difficult to manage, they however permit the
instantaneous opening of the corset. The object of this Invention is to
unite the advantages of both the methods above cited without their defects.
The main characteristic of this improved busk is the use of the open clasps
shewn Figs. 1 and 3 of the accompanying Sheet of Drawing (forming
part of this Provisional Specification), which while permitting this busk to be
clasped as readily as the ordinary button busk does not permit it like the
latter to open of itself, while it can be opened instantaneously like the mechanical

page_text: busk, but without placing the wearer under the necessity of seeking at the
bottom of the corset the mechanism by which it is opened. Further the cost of
the manufacture is as nearly as possible the same as that of the ordinary button
busk. This improved busk may be made of steel or any metal presenting
sufficient resistance. A, Figure 1, indicates a small clasp placed at the top
of this improved busk, and which serves to keep it closed or to open it at
pleasure. This clasp may be made in different ways, but the form shewn is
deemed the most preferable. The wearer when inconvenienced by the corset
and desiring to unfasten it has but to turn the small catch a, b, Figure 2, as
shown in dotted lines at Figure 1, and the busk opens of itself.
A COMBINED KEY AND WEAPON OF DEFENCE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th February 1865.-A communication from abroad by Timoleon de
Bourrousse de Laffore, of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A COMBINED KEY AND WEAPON OF DEFENCE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming a key and weapon of defence in one. I
hinge the shaft of the key to the ring or handle, within or upon which it folds
when the key is not required for use. The ring or handle may be then firmly
held by the fingers or hand, and forms a good weapon of defence. When the
key is required to be used it is opened out from the ring or handle, which
may be of various shapes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Oliver Chapman Phillips at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th September 1865.
I, JOHN OLIVER CHAPMAN PHILLIPS, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Surgeon Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements. herein-after described in
constructing submarine telegraph cables, the object of my Invention being so
to construct the said cables as to give them a certain buoyancy, and thereby
prevent them sinking to the same extent as ordinary cables, and to facilitate
the raising of the cable for repair.
In constructing submarine telegraph cables according to my Invention, I
take a cable made in the ordinary or other convenient way, and surround or
unite with it tubes or chambers containing air or other gaseous mixture.
The air tubes or chambers may either be fixed around the outside of the cable
and parallel thereto, or they may be passed around the outside of the cable
in a helical or corkscrew like direction, or the said air tubes or chambers
may be embedded in the insulating or protecting material of the cable.
When the air tubes or chambers are used outside the cable they may be

page_text: fixed thereto by bands or ribbons, or in any other convenient way. I prefer
to divide the air tubes or chambers into compartments, so that injury to one
part of the tube or chamber shall only affect that compartment in which the
injured part is situated. By constructing submarine cables in the manner
described, a certain amount of buoyancy is given to the cable so as to cause
it to float or sink to such a slight depth as will considerably reduce the strain
during the paying out of the cable or during the raising of the cable for
repair.
Boot and Shoe Manufacturer.
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st February 1865.-A communication from abroad by Louis Lopera,
junior, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, Boot and
Shoe Manufacturer.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PORTABLE FOLDING ARM CHAIR OR SEAT," (a communication to me from abroad by
Louis Lopera, junior, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France,
Boot and Shoe Manufacturer, to be as follows:-
This seat or chair is intended especially for the use of travellers by boat or
railway, and is composed of four moveable parts united by hinges, and so
arranged as to form at will and instantaneously a seat or chair, and be after-
wards folded back the one in the other into the shape of a box enclosing all
the parts, which are calculated not to exceed the space usually allowed to a
second or third class railway passenger.
The four parts are, firstly, the actual seat, that is to say, the part on
which the traveller seats himself; secondly, a frame forming the back, both
of these parts being comfortably stuffed; thirdly, two other frames, one to the
left and the other to the right, forming chair arms. All the parts may be

page_text: of wood, metal, or other suitable material, and be covered with any sort of
stuff, leather, or other material according to taste:
When the traveller by boat or rail no longer requires the apparatus as a
seat or chair he folds the four parts the one in the other so as to form a box,
which is closed by a couple of catches or otherwise, and may be carried in the
band by a leather handle like a carpet bag.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS OR RECEPTACLES FOR CONTAINING OIL AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Svend Svendsen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1865.
I, SVEND SVENDSEN, of Suffolk Grove, Great Suffolk Street, Southwark, in
the County of Surrey, Manufacturer of Metallic Casks, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS OR RECEPTACLES
FOR CONTAINING OIL AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in making vessels or receptacles for containing oil
and other liquids in two pieces, in such a manner that when the two pieces are
fitted one within the other they form a square or rectangular-shaped vessel or
receptacle. This I effect by taking a piece or strip of sheet metal and turning
it up at its sides, so as to form a projecting flange. I next bend this piece or
strip of metal into a shape so as to form two sides, and one end of the said
vessel or receptacle. I next take a second piece or strip of metal of
dimensions slightly smaller than the first, and form along its sides also a
projecting flange, and bend it in the same manner as the first piece, thus
forming the remaining two sides and end of the said vessel or receptacle. I
then place the second piece within the first, when the flanges of the outer
piece overlap the inner piece, and are soldered together in the usual manner,
thus making one complete and strong vessel for containing liquids. These
vessels or receptacles from their form possess a great advantage in capacity

page_text: over the round ones at present in use, and they can be packed or stowed quite
closely, without leaving spaces between, as necessarily is the case with the
round ones.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC- TION OF FLYING TOYS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the-
28th August 1865.-A communication from Charles Edmond François
Couturier,, residing at 4, Rue du Mont Thabor,, Paris, in the Empire-
of France.
1, HENRY ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,.
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF FLYING TOYS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," communicated.
from Charles Edmond François Couturier, a person residing at 4, Rue
du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, aforesaid, to be as
follows, that is to say:--
This Invention consists in an improved construction of flying toys under
different forms, which is also applicable to those aërial conveyances known as
parachutes,
For toys this construction is as follows:-Wings of suitable size, made of
thick paper or cardboard, are attached to a central body of any required form,
and of proportionable weight. The whole is disposed so that the centre of
gravity falls near the front part of the body, and the extremities of the wings.
are bent slightly backward and downward. A rudder is placed at the hinder
extremity of the body which serves to aid its flight. When these bodies are-
wished to fly rigidly, that is, with only the amount of play on the wings to be-
obtained from the elasticity of the material, the body, tail, and wings are fixed.

page_text: in the same plane, and form one right line; but when the wings are wished
to flap to imitate the movement of a bird's wings, I make them hinged to
the front and upper part of the body, and give the front part of the body an
inclined plane downwards, its centre a horizontal plane, and the tail an inclina-
tion upwards. I also control the flapping of the wings. by a thread, a piece of
wire, or other suitable means. When the principle is intended to be applied
to a parachute, the wings would be made of silk mounted on a suitable frame-
work..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF RIPLING MUZZLE-LOADING CANNON, AND IN PROJECTILES FOR THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Spence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1865. A communication from abroad by John Seipel, a Citizen of the
United States of America, now residing at St. Petersburg, in the
Empire of Russia.
I, WILLIAM SPENCE, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF RIPLING MUZZLE-LOADING CANNON, AND IN
PROJECTILES FOR THE SAME," (being a communication to me from abroad by John
Seipel, a Citizen of the United States of America, now resident at St. Peters-
burg, in the Empire of Russia,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in dividing the interior of the cannon into alternate
portions, composed respectively of larger grooves, along which the projectile is
caused to enter the bore and pass to its chamber, and sets of smaller rifle
grooves for the purpose of giving the required spiral motion to the projectile.
The pitch or twist of the rifling may be varied as required.
The rifles are all removed from the inner end of the bore, leaving the
loading chamber free, and the projectile chamber is also left free except that
ridges are formed to act as stops for regulating the position of the projectile as
required. There is also a short space between the projectile chamber and the
rifled part of the bore, in which the rifle grooves are tapered in order to
facilitate the entrance of the projectile into them.
The projectile is as usual of the size required to fit the bore, having its

page_text: coating of lead or composition divided so as to correspond with the divisions
of the bore parts of the coating being cut away, so as to leave projecting ribs
corresponding with the larger grooves of the bore. There are also two ears
on the front end of the projectile, by means of which it is turned by the
rammer into the position required for firing after it has been forced along the
larger grooves of the bore. The rifling of the bore may also be made so as to
dispense with the necessity of turning the projectile after it has been forced
down the bore by arranging the larger grooves and the sets of smaller grooves
in such a manner as to impart the required turn gradually to the projectile
during its passage down the bore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ATMOSPHERIC BUFFING APPARATUS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Williams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1865.
I, THOMAS WILLIAMS, of Number 20, Lacy Terrace, Newington. Butts, in--
the County of Surrey, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ATMOSPHERIC BUFFING APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of a cylinder, open at one end, and free to slide to
and fro upon a frame to which it is connected. One end of the frame carries.
a cross bar, to which a rod, armed at its inner end with a piston, is secured.
This piston fits accurately in the cylinder, and the cylinder is free to move
along the piston on the body to which it is attached receiving any shock or
blow. An air cock is connected to the closed end of the cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF LACE OR NET IN TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wilkie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March 1865.
I, JOHN WILKIE, of Orchard Street, Nottingham, Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF LACE OR NET IN TWIST LACE MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is more peculiarly applicable when making lace or net in
Lever's machines, but is not absolutely confined thereto. In working, according
to this Invention, two warp threads are employed to each bobbin thread, and
the warp threads are each caused to twist with neighbouring bobbin threads,
the one warp thread twists on one neighbouring bobbin thread, whilst the other
warp thread twists on another neighbouring bobbin thread on the other side of
their common bobbin thread. The crossings at the tops and the bottoms of
the meshes are produced by the crossing of two warp threads from one bobbin
thread to another. These arrangements are however common to other lace
or net grounds made in twist lace machines. The peculiarity in the present
Invention is in the manner and in the order in which the warp threads are
caused to twist with the bobbin threads. Each warp thread is caused at the
alternate times of its crossing from one bobbin thread to another after twist-
ing with one bobbin thread to rest two motions before crossing to twist with
another bobbin thread, and then to rest two motions after having crossed to

page_text: such other bobbin thread before commencing to twist. The two warp threads
of a bobbin thread work in a similar manner one to the other, but in opposite
directions and at alternate times, so that when one of a pair of warp threads
is resting immediately before and immediately after crossing from one bobbin
thread to another, the other of the pair of warp threads is twisting with a
bobbin thread in the ordinary manner. By this method of making lace or
net in twist lace machines the lace or net produced presents a clearer ground
than when made in the ordinary way with a like number of motions to a hole,
and thus lace or net may be made to appear as clear or nearly as clear as
lace or net made by a larger number of motions in the old mode of working.
The Invention is applicable to the manufacture of lace or net when using four,
six, eight, ten, twelve, or more motions to a hole.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING GREASE FROM SOAPSUDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Peel and William Har-
greaves at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 7th July 1865.
ISAAC PEEL, of Bowling, in the Borough of Bradford, in the County
of York, Grease Manufacturer, and WILLIAM HARGREAVES, of Little Horton,
in the Borough of Bradford, in the said County of York, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURING GREASE FROM SOAPSUDS," to be as follows:-
1st, we provide a retort made of iron, clay, or other suitable material. In
the retort we produce sulphurous acid gas or sulphuric acid gas by burning
sulphur and nitre, either jointly or separately, or other minerals that will
produce sulphurous or sulphuric acid gas.
2nd, our mechanical process is to provide a blast cylinder, air pump,
bellows, or other well-known mechanical means to force through or draw
from the retort the chemical gas, and propel or force it through the soapsuds
in pipes made of iron, lead, or other suitable material. These pipes will be
so arranged as to distribute the chemical gases in small proportions in

page_text: various places in the tank where the soapsuds are deposited to be operated
upon.
3rd, the object of this Invention is to obtain magma or crude grease
from the suds at a less cost and a better quality than has hitherto been done
by the old process, that is by breaking suds with oil of vitriol or spirits of 5
salts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING CHINA AND EARTHENWARE, AND IN PREPARING MATERIALS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Joseph Emery at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th February
1865.
I, FRANCIS JOSEPH EMERY, of Cobridge, in the County of Stafford, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING
CHINA AND EARTHENWARE, AND IN PREPARING MATERIALS TO BE EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ornamenting china and
earthenware, and in preparing materials to be employed therefor. In orna-
menting china and earthenware according to this Invention I apply the color
to the surface of the china or earthenware to be ornamented by means of
crayons compounded of a color suitable for being employed for ornamenting
china and earthenware, and also a flux suitable for vitryfying the color when
subjected to heat; these materials I, by preference, make up into the form of
crayons by combining them together with wax, but they may be otherwise
compounded together into crayons. The design to be produced is drawn on
the surface of the china or earthenware with the crayon; the china or earthen-
ware is then submitted to heat, by which the colors are fixed. The surface of
the china or earthenware to be ornamented may be either glazed or unglazed,
when glazed the surface of the glaze should be rendered rough by applying a
further glaze to the surface, which is only partially vitrified. When the color
is applied by the crayon to an unglazed surface the surface may be glazed
after the colors have been applied to it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERS FOR ROLLERS USED IN SPINNING COTTON
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Taylor and Joseph Crossley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 21st July 1865.
We, GEORGE TAYLOR, of ley wood, in the County of Lancaster, and JOSEPH
CROSSLEY, of Bury, in the same County, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERS FOR ROLLERS USED IN SPINNING
COTTON," to be as follows.-
Our improvements consist in using cotton or linen cloth coated with india-
rubber in the place of leather for covering rollers used in spinning cotton.
We first coat the metal roller over that portion to be covered with common
paint, made by mixing linseed oil, turpentine, and white or red lead together
to a proper consistency, and then dust it over with wood sawdust, or cause
the sawdust to adhere by any other means, and when the paint is dry, and
the sawdust firmly fixed to the roller, the before-named cloth covered with
india-rubber is cut of the required size and firmly cemented at the joint and
fixed on the painted surface of the roller by means of glue or other adhesive
material with the india-rubber surface outward, which surface is finally coated
with varnish to prevent the fibres of cotton adhering to the said covering
when the rollers are at work. This method of covering rollers is cheaper and
more efficient when at work than rollers covered with leather and woollen
cloth as in common use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mylius Cohen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1865. A communication from abroad by Louis Phillip Cohen, of
Hanover, in the Kingdom of Hanover.
I, MYLIUS COHEN, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in locomotive, marine, and stationary
furnaces, whereby the combustion of fuel may be economically effected
without the emission of smoke. In each arrangement the fire bars are set
transversely of the fire-place, and they form an inclined bed for the fuel.
The air for supporting combustion enters above the fuel, and passes with the
gases evolved from the fuel out of the fire box through horizontal spaces
formed by the fire bars. These bars are cast with rectangular lumps at their
ends, which lumps fit into slots formed in inclined side supporting bars. The
bars are so arranged that they overlap the one the other, and thus prevent
portions of coal from falling through, while ample space is left between them
for the gases of combustion and flame to escape. The face of the bars pre-
sented to the fuel is inclined and slightly hollowed longitudinally, and the rear
is wedge shaped. This description of the form of grate applies to marine,
locomotive, and stationary furnaces.

page_text: In the case of locomotive furnaces it is preferred to bring the air from an
under ash-pit (which is capable of being closed by a valve), and leading it
upwards in front of the ordinary ash-pit to the upper part of the fire box.
The air will then permeate the ignited fuel on the fire bars, and the flame
and heated gases passing between the bars as above explained will enter the
tubes of the boiler as usual.
In marine and land or stationary furnaces the air will be supplied through
the openings provided for the supply of fuel, or in the direction of the supply
of fuel, and the flame and gases issuing from below, the grate will circulate
through the boiler flues as usual.
By the above described arrangement it will be understood that all inflam-
mable gases will be burned as soon as generated, and thus the formation of
smoke or its emission from the furnace chimney when the furnace is properly
working will be rendered impossible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW GILL BOXES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hodgson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th November
1865..
I, WILLIAM HODGSON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Machine and
Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW GILL BOXES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means of conducting or lowering the fallers of
screw gill boxes from the upper bed to the lower bed in such manner as to
avoid concussion, and consequently prevent the noise now produced by a
sudden drop, and the wear and tear occasioned thereby.
The improvements consist in the employment of a slideable frame, which is
lifted into position to receive each faller when projected by the top screws
from the upper bed, and then lowered, carrying the said faller to the lower
bed, when a short dwell occurs to enable the bottom screws to seize and take
it off the frame. This frame is operated or lifted and lowered at proper times
by a cam or tappet (of suitable form according to the throw and variation of
speed required), which is mounted on a shaft driven by or receiving motion
from the back shaft or other shaft of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTO- SCULPTURE AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David' Gay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th January
1865.
I, DAVID GAY, of Cheapside, in the City of London, Photographer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTO-
SCULPTURE AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates' to an improved method of treating photographic
portraits when intended to be employed for obtaining sculptured models there-
from, and consists, first, in cutting the material on which the portrait is taken
or printed, as may be found most desirable, and in using the marginal or outer
portions of the material as templates, which I propose to arrange and operate
with in the following manner :-For example, upon a circular table or bed
plate I arrange or dispose, say, a dozen blocks capable of sliding in radial
grooves, by means of screws or otherwise, towards and from the centre of
the circular table aforesaid, and in each of said blocks I fix an upright rod
with clips affixed thereto for holding the before-mentioned templates; I also
mount the aforesaid circular table on an upright pivot, the principal length
whereof is formed square, and the extremities round. The upper end of said
pivot carries a loose collar with slots about its periphery to receive and hold
steady the several templates aforesaid. The material to be sculptured is
placed in a plastic state on the aforesaid upright pivot, and said plastic
material roughly shaped by hand previous to operating thereon by the several
templates, as follows:-Having obtained by any suitable means the requisite

page_text: number of photographic pictures from different points of view of the person
or object to be sculptured, I then proceed to cut out the picture, for example,
suppose it to be a profile, I carefully cut along the outline of the forehead,
nose, mouth, and chin, and use the outer divided portion of the material as a
template, which I place in the clips of one of the upright rods aforesaid, and in
this manner I proceed with each different photographed position of the person
or object to be sculptured, and having fixed all the templates thus obtained
in proper position I commence to operate therewith, as follows:-I take first
that template containing the most prominent outlines, and pushing it into
contact with the plastic material aforesaid hold this template steady with
one hand, and with the other hand move the plastic material partly round
backwards and forwards until the template has scraped the material at this
part to the shape of the template, or partly so, and in like manner I proceed
successively with all the other templates, until I bring their edges close
together in the collar. that supports them, after which the sculptured model
may be finished by hand; and where several copies are required, I take a
mould thereof by any of the well-known means, and pour plastic material
therein in the manner commonly practised of moulding objects in plastic
materials.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING OR RECEIVING PULVERIZED FLINT OR DUST
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elias Leak at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March 1865.
I, ELIAS LEAK, of Longton, in the County of Stafford, Lathe Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR COLLECTING OR RECEIVING PULVERIZED FLINT OR DUST," to be as follows:-
This improved apparatus (which I propose to call a "dust collector")
consists of a screw or other fan mounted upon a vertical or other spindle or
shaft in a cylindrical case having a perforated top. The spindle or shaft is
mounted in suitable bearings at each end, so as to be capable of revolving,
and is furnished with a grooved wheel or pulley round which an endless
band or strap passes, by which means the spindle or shaft with the screw
or other fan is caused to revolve, and by the action of the latter the
pulverized flint or dust is drawn in through the perforated top and
collected or received into the case or box. The case or box containing the
fan is placed against the outside wall of the room, and a vent hole is cut
through the same by which the air drawn in by the fan with the pulverized
flint or dust escapes, and also such particles of flint or dust as do not remain
in the box. The object of the Invention is to collect or receive minute
particles of pulverized flint or dust which may be floating about in the
atmosphere of a room during any process of manufacture, and either to collect
them into a box or to discharge them into the open air. In cases where it
is desirable that all the dust should be collected into the box, and only the air
discharged, I propose to cover the vent hole with fine wire gauze.
AN IMPROVED DOG LEASH OR SLIP
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Davis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May 1865.
I, SAMUEL DAVIS, of No. 33, Strand, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Saddler and Harness Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED DOG LEASH OR SLIP," to be as follows:-
I first make of steel, iron, gun metal, or other suitable material, a stiff
spring in the form of an elongated hook with parallel or nearly parallel sides.
The dimensions of this spring are about four to five inches long, by about one
inch to one and a quarter inches wide, but these dimensions are variable
according to circumstances. The thickness of the piece of steel, iron, or gun
metal of which this is made is governed by the degree of stiffness required
in the spring. I then make of the same or any other suitable material a
sort of fork, provided with either one or two prongs accordingly as the appa-
ratus may be intended for use with either one or two dogs. The shank part of
this fork is made to terminate in a circular boss, which is situated in the centre
between the two forks, and stands with its axis at right angles to the plane
of the prongs thereof. Through the axis of this boss I make a hole sufficiently
large to receive freely into it the centre or bent part of the elongated spring
hook. I attach the fork by means of this hole to the spring hook in such
a manner that the bent portion of the hook passes through the hole in the
boss of the fork, and serves it as a centre or bearing, whereon it is at liberty
to swing freely through not less than half a circle, and whereby it is retained.
within the lateral area of the sides of the spring hook and in a position always
parallel thereto.

page_text: I next form of brass or other suitable material a flat or oval ring of
sufficient interior capacity to enclose the two sides of the spring hook, together
with the prongs of the fork when the latter are placed in position between
them; this ring is attached in such a manner upon the spring hook as to
form a slider to pass up and down over the length of the spring. The slider
is adjusted to exercise just a sufficient amount of compression upon the spring
as to keep the former true and steady in working, and prevent it slipping
from casual or accidental causes before its time. When the prongs of the
fork are placed in position between the two sides of the spring hook, and the
slider is moved up till it embraces these together with the sides of the spring,
the prongs to which the dogs are secured by suitable attachments adapted to
the spring, are securely fastened. When it is intended to release the dogs,
the slider is drawn back by means of a string fastened thereto and held in the
hand. This movement leaves the fork unsecured, in which condition the
pull of the dogs upon it instantly reverses its position, which allows the brass
eyes attached to the neck straps to slide off their respective prongs, and the
dogs are thereby simultaneously set free.