Apparatus for that Purpose.
Year: 1887

page_text: 1887
Date of Application, 28th Apr.,
Complete Left, 23rd Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 24th Feb., 1888
and Apparatus for that Purpose.
I, OLIVER IMRAY, of 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in the County
of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates the system of incandescence burners described in the
Specifications to Patents Nos. 15286 of 1885 and 3592 of 1886, whereby a hood
composed of a fine network of the oxides of the rarer metals such as Lanthanum,
Yttrium Zirconium Thorinum &c. is heated to incandescence by the flame of a Bunsen
gas burner.
It has been found that the brilliancy of the light transmitted by such burners is
apt to decrease somewhat after long use and the present invention consists mainly in
effecting the regeneration of the said network hoods, by providing them with a fresh
coating of the metallic oxide or combination of oxides, this being effected either by
dipping the hood into the solution of a salt of the metal or by painting the hood with
the said solution or applying a spray thereto, after which the hood is subjected to
beat whereby the coating of salt solution is converted into the solid oxide; or the
bood while in position over the burner, is saturated with the salt solution by means
to be presently described.
It was stated in the specification to the said former patents that Lanthanum oxide,
when incandescent, afforded a very brilliant light, but that it was not sufficiently
stable to be employed by itself, and required to be mixed with a large proportion of
zirconium oxide or other oxides to be rendered available; now by the present
invention the advantage is obtained that, as a strong resisting foundation is supplied
by the hood which has already been used for a considerable time, such foundation can
A

page_text: be coated with the Lanthanum salt solution either unmixed or containing only a
small proportion of other salts, which, on application of heat, is converted into
Lanthanum oxide, and this has again the advantage, proved by experience, that hoods
containing a large percentage of Lanthanum increase in their resistance to the action
of the atmosphere in proportion to the time they have been in use.
In addition to Lanthanum oxide may also be used with advantage mixtures of the
same with other oxides, such as compounds of Lanthanum and Thorinum oxides the
Lanthanum being not less than about 50 per cent.; or Lanthanum, Zirconium and
Thorinum oxides, the Lanthanum being not less than about 70 per cent.; also
compounds of Lanthanum and Yttrium oxides, and all the other compounds mentioned
in the above named patents may be used for the purpose of this invention, but in
all cases where Lanthanum oxide is used, this should be employed in as large.
proportions as possible. For the production of a yellow light, a compound of
Lanthanum and Cerium oxides is very suitable, the Cerium not exceeding, however,
about 10 per cent. of the whole.
In treating the hoods according to this invention it is preferred to apply the salt
solution, such as Lanthanum nitrate, to the upper end of the hood where it is folded
over to form two or more thicknesses, as has been described in the said prior
specifications, and from this part the solution is allowed to flow gently downwards in
small quantities, until it is entirely covered and saturated thereby. After the
moisture of this coating has evaporated the flame of the burner is ignited whereby
the coating of finely distributed particles of the metallic salt is converted into the
Lanthanum oxide.
The above described process may also be applied with advantage to hoods that
have not become deteriorated by use, both in order to increase their percentage of
Lanthanum, and to strengthen them for transport, the conversion of the coating by
heat being effected when the hoods have arrived at their destination. If hoods
impregnated with such nitrates are exposed to an atmosphere of ammonia, there is
formed a hydrate in the pores thereof, which, when dry, forms a gum-like very
cohering mass, which will enable the hoods to effectually withstand all shocks to
which they may be subject during transport.
For effecting the impregnation of the hoods while in situ on the burner, the
following apparatus may be used with advantage. A cylinder of glass or other
material has its lower edge bent inwards, so as to fit into the ringshapod support of
the burner from which the hood is suspended and into this cylinder is inserted a tube,
over the lower end of which is secured a strip of porous fabric that rests upon the
upper end of the hood; within this tube is fixed a glass tube of small diameter the
lower end of which is drawn out to a nozzle with a small hole, while the upper end is
of funnel shape. Into this central tube a small quantity of the solution is allowed to
flow, so that it issues through the nozzle drop by drop on to the porous diaphragm,
which distributes the solution uniformly over the upper end of the hood and from
this it trickles slowly down the hood until this is perfectly saturated, after which the
supply is stopped, and the apparatus is then removed from the burner.
Instead of effecting the before described strengthening of the hood by the
formation of a hydrate by the use of ammonia vapour, other strengthening com-
binations may be formed by subjecting the saturated hood to the action of vapours or
aqueous solutions of organic acids, such as oxalic acid, benzoic acid, and the like.
D
11 LL
A A
1007
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
5

page_text: Treatment of Incandescence Bodies Formed of Metallic Oxides for
Increasing the Luminosity and Resisting Properties thereof
and Apparatus for that Purpose.
1, OLIVER IMRAY of No. 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in the County
of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly.
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the system of incandescence burners described in the
Specification to Patents Nos. 15286 of 1885 and 3592 of 1886 whereby a hood
composed of a fine network of the oxides of the rarer metals such as Lanthanum,
Yttrium, Zirconium, Thorium, is heated to incandescence by the flame &c. of a
Bunsens gas burner.
It has been found that the brilliancy of the light transmitted by such burners is apt
to decrease somewhat after long use, and the present invention consists mainly in
effecting the regeneration of the said network hoods, by providing with a fresh
coating of the metallic oxide or combination of oxides, this being effected either by
dipping the hood into the solution of a salt of the metal or by painting the hood
with the said solution or applying a spray thereto after which the hood is subjected to
heat whereby the coating of salt solution is converted into the solid oxide, or the
hood while in position over the burner is saturated with the salt solution by means to
be presently described.
My correspondent has found that compounds rich in Lanthanum oxide are
particularly applicable for this regenerating process, because the Lanthanum oxide has
the peculiar property of increasing in its power of resisting the influence of the
atmosphere the longer it is in use.
It has before been stated that Lanthanum oxide possesses very great light
emitting powers, but that it is not capable of being used by itself as an incandescence
body, but requires to be mixed with at least 30% of Zirconium oxide to form a
permanently cohering body, and I have found that such mixture actually possesses
greater light emitting powers than either of the bodies taken separately.
As the incandescence bodies that require regeneration offer already a comparatively
strong substructure to receive the fresh coating of Lanthanum oxide, the advantage is
gained that compounds may be used for this purpose containing a larger percentage
or Lanthanum oxide, than could be used for forming the incandescence body itself.
There may however be used for this purpose all the other incandescence bodies which
I have described in my former patents as having bigh light emitting powers.
In the following I will give a list of the more important bodies that may be used
for regenerating the mantles, giving at the same time the percentage of solid substance
(in the form of nitrate) that should be contained in the regenerating solution.

page_text: 1. Lanthanum oxide (40%).
2. Mixtures of Thorinum oxide and Lanthanum oxido, in which the latter should
not be below 50%.
3. Mixtures of Zirconium oxide, Thorinum oxide and-Lanthanum oxide in which
the latter should not be below 70%.
4. Mixtures rich in Lanthanum oxido-and--Yttrium oxide, and generally all
mixtures containing Lanthanum oxide described in my former patents in which
however the percentage of Lanthanum oxide-should be increased.
For the production of a permanently yellow light the use of Cerium oxide mixtures.
rich in Lanthanum oxide are particularly suitable, but the Cerium oxide should not
exceed about 10%.
In subjecting incandescence mantles to the regenerating process, the solution, say
of Lanthanum nitrate is dropped on to the upper end thereof whence it trickles
downwards so as to gradually cover the entire net work, the small apertures being
also covered by a thin film. This operation may be effected by means of a suitable
apparatus (to be presently described) in the course of about half an hour. Or in
-place of dripping on the solution, it may be applied to the mantle by a brush, or in
-the form of spray, or by dipping the mantlo into a bath of the solution.
If the first described method is adopted it is not necessary to remove the mantle
from its ordinary position in the burner, nor to remove the chimnoy glass. When
the water of the solution has evaporated there remains a crystalline coating-of-
Lanthanum nitrate in a finely divided stato upon and within the pores of the mantle.
Upon then lighting the flame of the burner this coating is at once converted into
Lanthanum oxide, which forms a continuous coating over the entire mantle.
Experiment made with this process showed that a mantle which had been burning
for 150 hours in a very dusty atmosphere gave a measured light of 8 normal
candles. After-regeneration the mantle gave under otherwise the same conditions, a
light of 18 candles.
This process may also be applied to mantles that have not decreased in their
powers of emitting light, for the purpose of strengthening the same for transport,
the final burning of the additional coating being effected after the mantle has arrived
at its destination. If mantles impregnated with nitrate in this way are exposed to an
atmosphere of ammonia a hydrate is formed in the pores thereof, which dries in the
air to a gum like, very colering mass, so that a mantle impregnated in this way can
_ effectually withstand shocks or strong vibrations.
The accompanying drawing shows a suitable construction of apparatus for applying-
the regenerating solution according to the first above described method. Fig. 1 is a
vertical section of the apparatus. Fig. 2 a plan of the underside, and Fig. 3-a
section of the same to a smaller scale as applied to the ordinary lamp.
a is a tube of glass, vulcanite or other suitable material, that is not affected by the
solution, within which is a second tube b of similar material, resting with its lower
end upon inward projections a¹ of the tube a, and carrying at the lower end a strip e
of some light porous material such as linen, or fiuo platiuum wire gauze, attached at
each end to the tube and sagging down slightly, as shewn at Fig. 3, so that when
the tube a is placed upon the wire support e of the mantle & the strip c will lie lightly
upon the top of the mantle.
Within the tube b is a third tube of small diameter f. supported centrally therein
in any convenient manner and formed with a funnel mouth at top while at its lower
end it is formed with a nozzle having a very small capillary opening which is
- situated a small distance from the strip c. On allowing the regenerating solution to
flow gently down the tube fit will issue thence by, drops on to the strip c from which
it will flow uniformly over the upper end of the mantle whenco it trickles down over
the whole surface thereof. The apparatus is then removed and the operation is
completed as above described.
Instead of employing an atmosphere of ammonia for producing the above described
gum like condition of the coating an atmosphere consisting of the vapours of oxalic
acid or benzoic acid or an aqueous solution of these may be used.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention and
in what manner the saine is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The method of regenerating the mantles of incandescence bodies, consisting in
first providing the same with an additional coating of the salt solution of the rare
metals, or compounds thereof, and then subjecting the mantle to heat so as to
convert the said coating into an oxide of the said metal or metals substantially as
herein described.
2. Subjecting the mantles when coated to with the regenerating solution as set
forth in the preceding claim to an atmosphere of either ammonia vapour, or of the
vapour of oxalic acid or benzoic acid in order to convert the said coating to a gum
like cohering mass for the purpose set forth.
3. Apparatus for applying the coating of regenerating solution to mantles,
consisting in the combination of tubes a, b. f. and strip of porous material c arranged
and operating substantially as described.
لبيد
1000
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.