IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN AND OTHER SOFT METAL TUBES
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
RAND, of Howland Street, Fitzroy Square, in the County of Middlesex, Artist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twentieth day of April, in the sixth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John
Rand, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said John Rand, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Rand, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,.
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN AND OTHER SOFT METAL TUBES;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said John
Rand, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by "
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said John
Rand, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascertained in

page_text: and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon that is to say a
My Invention relates, first, to a mode of manufacturing tin and other soft
metal tubes, by causing short tubes to be elongated by pressure in suitable dies
Secondly, my Invention relates to a mode of manufacturing tubes of tin or
other soft metal, for organs and other purposes, by using a conical plug or
mandril, and in such manner, that the space between the plug or mandril and
the die with which it works may progressively be varied, and produce conical
tubes.
Thirdly, my Invention relates to a mode of making soft metal tubes, each
with a closed end.
And, fourthly, my Invention relates to a mode of construction of dies for
such purposes.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood, I will proceed
to describe the means pursued by me. A tube of tin or other soft metal
is to be first made, such as is shewn at a, and the substance and diameter
of the tube will be varied according to the size and length of tube desired
to be produced therefrom. The tube or short ring of metal a may be
made by casting or by other convenient means, but not by casting it in the
die, and on the mandril used in elongating the tube, because it is impor-
tant, according to my Invention, that the dies and the mandril should be
capable of being lubricated with oil, grease, or other matter, in order to facili-
tate the working of the parts, and that the dies used should not be injuriously
acted on by the heat of running molten metal into the same, a practice which
has been heretofore attempted; my Invention requiring that the short tube to
be elongated should be made separate from the dies or instruments used for
elongating a tube. The short tube of soft metal being prepared suitable in
size for the particular dies which are to operate on it, is to be introduced into
the hollow die and the mandril of the upper die, and also the interior of the
hollow die should be well lubricated, and the upper die is then caused to
descend by hydraulic or other suitable pressure.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 cis the punch or upper die, which fits into the upper part g
of the lower die g, and to the upper die is affixed or formed therewith the
mandril c', which does not fill the opening through the lower part of the
die g, and the space between the mandril and the die g will be the thick-
ness of the tube produced. In using these dies a thick tube of tin or
other proper metal a is to be introduced into the lower die, so as nearly
to fill the space between it and the mandril, and the mandril being passed

page_text: through the tube so placed in the die at g', the pressure of the die or punch c
will cause the tube to be elongated by pressing the metal through the space
between the mandril and the die g.
my
Figure 2 shows suitable dies for carrying out the second part of Inven-
tion. The dies being similar to those shown at Figure 1; but in place of the
plug or mandril c¹ being cylindrical, it tapers or is conical, as is shown; hence,
as the conical plug or mandril moves through the opening at the bottom of the
hollow die
between the mandril and the die will constantly be
9. the space
varying, and consequently the thickness of metal of the tube will be varying,
as the thickness will be at all times equal to the space between the mandril
and the die; by this means conical tubes may be made with facility. In using
these dies, similar rings or short tubes a of soft metal are to be used, as before
described.
Figure 3 shews suitable dies for carrying out the third part of my Invention.
In this instance the dies are similar to those at Figure 1, but of a larger size;
in place of the short rings or tubes a of metal, Figure 4, being perforated
throughout, as in Figure 1, they are to have a closed end, as is clearly shewn
at Figure 4, and the consequence will be, that in elongating the short tube a,
Figure 4, into a long tube, that the closed end will be retained, as it will recede
from the plug or mandril as the tube elongates, and is pressed through the
lower die.
Figure 5 shews dies made according to the fourth part of my Invention.
They consist of a series of plates as is shewn; in other respects they are similar
to Figure 1; and Figure 6 shews another arrangement of dies, wherein the
part c is inverted, and is made hollow, so that the tube as it is elongated may
pass through it, whilst the hollow die is the uppermost; this die is shewn to be
of plates or several separate pieces, but when not liable to great strains, they
may be made similar to Figure 1.
In constructing dies for the manufacture of tubes according to this Invention,
it is important that the dies should be very strong, and of hardened or tempered
steel, particularly when for making tubes of the metal tin; and for this purpose,
in place of making each die of one piece of metal, whether of cast iron or steel,
I cause such die to be composed of several parts or layers of steel, of such
thickness as will allow of each separate piece to be hardened and tempered,
and then combined, as is shewn in the sections, Figures 5 and 6, where the
parts of each die are composed of thin layers of steel tempered and then com-
bined together, in the manner shewn, or by any convenient means, the parts or
plates of steel being made to go together with great accuracy, for grinding the
surfaces together.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means)
I am acquainted with for performing the same, I would have it understood,
that I do not claim the making of soft metal tubes, by passing the metal
through orifices, so long as the metal is run in a molten state into the
dies or instruments used for expressing the metal from orifices in such
dies. And I wish it to be understood, that I do not confine myself to the
precise details, provided the peculiar character of either part of my Invention
be retained; but what I claim is,-
First, the mode of making tubes by first forming short tubes, and then intro-
ducing them into suitable dies, in the manner above described.
Secondly, I claim the making of tubes of tin and other soft metal, by com-
bining the use of a conical plug or mandril with the other die, in such manner,
that the space between the die and the plug or mandril may be constantly
varying, and whereby the thickness of metal passing between the die and the
mandril may be constantly varying in thickness.
Thirdly, I claim the mode of making tubes of tin or other soft metal, each
tube having a closed end as above described.
And, fourthly, I claim the mode of constructing dies for the manufacture of
tubes of tin and other soft metal in the manner above described, by making
the dies of several pieces, as above explained.
And I also claim the mode of arranging dies, as shewn at Figure 6.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Rand, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Nineteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand night bud