IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING AMMONIACAL SALTS AND OTHER VALUABLE PRODUCTS FROM LIQUORS OR SUBSTANCES CONTAINING AMMONIA, AND FOR UTILIZING THE RESIDIUM
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Noyes Kernot, of Gloucester House, West
Cowes, in the Isle of Wight, in the County of Southampton, Gentleman,
and Martin Diederich Rucker, of 116, Fenchurch Street, in the City of
London, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
OBTAINING AMMONIACAL SALTS AND OTHER VALUABLE PRODUCTS FROM LIQUORS
OR SUBSTANCES CONTAINING AMMONIA, AND FOR UTILIZING THE RESIDIUM."
Sealed the 26th December 1861, and dated the 11th October 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Noyes Kernot and
Martin Diederich Rucker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 11th October 1861.
We, CHARLES NOYES KERNOT, of Gloucester House, West Cowes, in the
Isle of Wight, in the County of Southampton, Gentleman, and MARTIN
DIEDERICH RUCKER, of No. 116, Fenchurch Street, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING AMMONIACAL SALTS AND OTHER VALUABLE
PRODUCTS FROM LIQUORS OR SUBSTANCES CONTAINING AMMONIA, AND FOR UTILIZING
THE RESIDIUM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the obtaining ammoniacal salts and other
valuable products without the application of heat from all liquors or substances
containing ammonia, as urine or any other ammoniacal liquor, the liquor (or in
case of substances or solution thereof) is to be placed in a suitable vessel or tank
together with crude sulphate of zinc, about four pounds to the two hundred

page_text: gallons of urine, or any other ammoniacal liquor; or other sulphates may be
substituted for the sulphate of zinc; or a liquid specially prepared from
animal or mineral substances, as bones and other phosphites of lime and
magnesia, coprolites, apatite, or other mineral phosphates acted on by a weak
solution of acids. We add of this solution a sufficient quantity to precipitate
all the ammonia contained in the urine or any other ammoniacal liquor used;
the clear liquid can then be drawn off or filtered, and the solid portion used
as a fertilizing agent, or for making sulphates, muriates, and other salts and
liquids of ammonia.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Noyes Kernot and Martin Diederich Rucker in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th December 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
NOYES KERNOT, of Gloucester House, West Cowes, in the Isle of Wight, in
the County of Southampton, Gentleman, and MARTIN DIEDERICH RUCKER, of
116, Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said Charles Noyes Kernot and Martin Diederich Rucker, Her
special licence that we, the said Charles Noyes Kernot and Martin Diederich
Rucker, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Charles Noyes Kernot and Martin Diederich Rucker, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING AMMONIACAL
SALTS AND OTHER VALUABLE PRODUCTS FROM LIQUORS OR SUBSTANCES CONTAINING
AMMONIA, AND FOR UTILIZING THE RESIDIUM," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Charles Noyes Kernot and Martin Diederich Rucker, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Noyes Kernot and Martin
Diederich Rucker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
Any liquor containing ammonia (or in case of substances, a solution thereof,)
being placed in a suitable vessel or tank, crude sulphate of zinc or other
sulphates, or a liquid specially prepared from animal or mineral substances
acted upon by a solution of acid or acids, as bones and other phosphites of
lime and magnesia, coprolites, apatite, phosphorite, or other mineral phosphates
being added, a copious' precipitate is thrown down; the liquor or solution can
then be passed through filters or drawn off; the precipitate is then dried and
can be used as a fertilizing agent, or for making sulphates, muriates, and other
salts and liquids of ammonia.
When we use bones for the purpose we proceed as follows:-They are
picked and sorted, then crushed or broken by any suitable machine, whereby
the acid or acids is caused to act with greater effect upon them for the purpose
of dissolving more readily the earthy constituents and facilitating the process of
obtaining gelatine. The bones cut, crushed, or broken as aforesaid, are then
to be placed within any suitable vessel and covered with the acid solution at
about six degrees Twaddle, which is allowed to act upon them till the earthy
constituents are dissolved out and the gelatine left as a residium; the gelatine
being removed, the liquid is then ready to deposit the ammonia from any
ammoniacal liquor.
When using phosphites of lime and magnesia, coprolites, apatite, phos-
phorite, or other mineral phosphates, we proceed in the same manner as above
described. The acids we use are hydrochloric, or a mixture of hydrochloric
and sulphuric, at about six degrees Twaddle. When we use the sulphate of
zinc we find four pounds sufficient for two hundred gallons of any liquid
containing ammonia.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention and exemplified in
what manner the same may be performed, we desire it to be distinctly under-
stood that we do not confine ourselves to the exact specific gravity of the acid
solution or the quantity of sulphate of zinc given above, nor do we claim the
dissolving of bones as described; but what we claim in our Invention as
secured to us under the above in part recited Letters Patent, is the precipi-
tation of ammonia and obtaining its salts and other valuable products from
solutions or substances containing ammonia, by sulphate of zinc or other

page_text: sulphates, and by solutions prepared from bones and other phosphites of lime
and magnesia, coprolites, apatite, phosphorite, or other mineral phosphates,
with hydrochloric, sulphuric, or other acids, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Noyes Kernot and Martin
Diederich Rucker, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this First
day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-one.
CHARLES N. KERNOT. (L.s.)
M. D. RUCKER.
(L.S.)
Witness to both signatures,
Geo. Offor,
116, Fenchurch St., London, E.C.
Witness to both signatures,
R. H. HUGHES.