IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING PRESSURE
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Augustus Hely, of Manbey Grove, in the
County. of Essex, Gentleman, and John Marshall, of Trafalgar Road,
Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Civil: and Mechanical Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING
PRESSURE."
Sealed the 19th November 1867, and dated the 22nd May 1867..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Augustus Hely
and John Marshall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 22nd May 1867.
We, ALFRED AUGUSTUS HELY, of Manbey Grove, in the County of Essex,
Gentleman, and JOHN MARSHALL, of Trafalgar Road, Greenwich, in the
County of Kent, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of Le said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING
PRESSURE," to be as follows:―
Our Invention consists in the combination of percussive force with hydraulio
power for pressing and compressing purposes by one or more of the arrange-
ments herein-after set forth and described.
The hydraulic parts of the machine consist of a head, supports, base,
cylinder, and ram as usual, with one or more intermediate tables, trays, boxes,
or chambers (according to the nature of the substance or material to be

page_text: pressed or compressed) sliding between the pressing ram and the resisting
head of the machine.
Our proposed combination is effected as follows:-
First, by means of a platten or movable head placed under the resisting or
main head of the machine, having one or more plungers or pistons working
either through or outside the said main head, and baving one or more weights
elevated aliove the said one or more plungers or pistons, so as to fall direct
upon it or them when required, and thereby cause the said platten to exert
percussive force upon the substance or material contained on or in the one
or more compressing tables, trays, boxes, or chambers of the machine.
Secondly, by means of one or more steam or tilt hammers instead of the
one or more weights above referred to acting direct upon the one or more
lungers or pistons of the plattens before described.
Thirdly, by means of one or more inclined planes or wedges acting when in
jairs in contrary directions placed between the one or more plungers or
pistons of the platten, and a supplementary resisting head or any extraneous
block or mass above them affording sufficient resistance; the said wedge or
wedges being driven by one' or 'more steam hammers acting when in pairs
simultaneously upon the same..
Fourthly, by means of one or more inclined planes, or wedges, acting when
in pairs in contrary directions, placed between the resisting head of the
machine and the compressing table, tray, box, or chamber, or (when two or
more such are used) between the head of the machine and the uppermost
table, tray, box, or chamber; the said one or more wedges being driven by
one or more steam hammers acting when in pairs simultaneously upon the
same.
Fifthly, by means of one or more inclined planes or wedges, acting, when in
pairs in contrary directions, placed between each or either compressing table,
tray, box, or chamber (when two or more such are used); the said one or
more wedges being driven singly or simultaneously when in pairs by one or
more steam hammers, which may be made to travel vertically up, and down
the machine, or horizontally backwards and forwards, so as to act upon the
said wedge or wedges either in succession or upon any particular wedge' or
pair of wedges required.
Sixthly, by means of one or more inclined planes or wedges acting when in
pairs in contrary directions placed between the head of the pressing ram and
the compressing table, tray, box or chamber, or (when two or more such are
used) between the head of the pressing ram and the lowermost table, tray,

page_text: box, or chamber; the said one or more wedges being driven by one or more
steam bammers acting when in pairs simultaneously upon the same.
Seventhly, by means of one or more inclined planes or wedges placed under
the pressing ram, which is extended so as to pass through the bottom of the
bydraulic cylinder, the point of resistance at that end of the machine being
formed by a supplementary base similar in effect to the resisting head at the
other end, and likewise attached to the supports; the said one or more
wedges being driven by one or more steam hammers acting when in pairs
simultaneously upon the same.
Eighthly, by means of one or more double inclined wedges reaching from
one machine to another, so as to couple them together, placed at any point or
points between the resisting heads of the machines and the existing supple-
mentary bases of their extended pressing rams; each said double inclined
wedge having effect through the medium of a pair of single inclined wedges,
as before described, placed one to the right and the other to the left of such
coupled machines and driven from contrary directions by two steam hammers
acting simultaneously upon the same.
The machines, except under the first arrangement, may be worked vertically,
horizontally, or inclined, and they may under any of the arrangements be
either stationary or traversing. The weights or hammers may be made to
travel from one machine to another, and the hammer from one pair of
machines to another pair, and one steam cylinder instead of two may be made
to serve both hammers.
Finally, in working our Invention the hydraulic power is by preference
first applied, and whilst the pressure is full on the percussive force, whether
of the falling weight, the striking hammer, or the driving wedge, as herein-
before variously set forth and described, is brought into operation, thus
the useful effect produced by the combination of two pressures is obtained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Augustus Hely and John Marshall in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 22nd November 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ALFRED
AUGUSTUS HELY, of Manbey Grove, in the County of Essex, Gentleman, and
JOHN MARSHALL, of Trafalgar Road, Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Civil
and Mechanical Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: .
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Alfred Augustus Hely and John Marshall, Her special licence
that we, the said Alfred Augustus Hely and John Marshall, our executors;
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Alfred Augustus
Hely and John Marshall, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should. and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
““IMPROVEMENTS¸ IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING PRESSURE," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Alfred Augustus Hely and John Marshall,
or one of us, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or one of our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention; and in
what manner the same was to be performed; and cause the same to be
filed. in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Alfred Augustus Hely and John Marshall,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say:
Our Invention has for its object the combination of percussive force with
bydraulic power, for pressing and compressing purposes. The bydraulic parts
of the machine consist of a head, support, cylinder, ram, and base, as usual,
with one or more intermediate receptacles for holding the substance or material
to be pressed or compressed sliding upon the supports between the pressing ram
I and the resisting head of the machine; and the annexed Drawings shew so
much of such a machine as is necessary to illustrate the application of our
improvements constituting the said combination.
:-
This combination is variously effected, as follows, viz. Firstly, by means
of a platten or false movable head, placed under the resisting or true head
.(herein-after also called the main head) of the machine having one or more
plungers or pistons working either through or outside the said main head, and
having one or more weights or one or more steam or other hammers placed

page_text: above the one or more plungers or pistons so as to fall or strike upon or against
it or them when required, and thereby cause the platten or false movable head
to exert percussive force upon the substance or material contained in the one
or more receptacles of the machine.
"
Figure 1 represents in section the resisting or main head of a vertical
machine A, with a platten or false movable head B, sliding between the supports
placed under the same, having a plunger or piston C working through the main
head, so as to receive percussive force from a falling weight or steam or other
hammer striking direct upon it and transmit the same to the platten or false
head.
Secondly, by means of one or more inclined planes or wedges acting when
in pairs in contrary directions placed at any part of the machine between :a
supplementary head and the plunger or piston passing through the resisting or
main head, and a false or supplementary base and the pressing ram, the ram
being extended so as to pass through the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder
whilst the false or supplementary base forms the point of resistance at that end.
Figure 2 represents in section the resisting or main head of a vertical
machine D with two inclined planes or wedges E and F, placed between the
resisting or main head D and the false or movable head G, and driven, in
contrary directions by two steam or other hammers striking simultaneously
upon the same.
Thirdly, by means of one or more double inclined planes or double wedges
reaching from one vertical machine to another, so as to couple two machines
together, placed at any point or points of the machines between the resisting
heads, whether main or supplementary, and the resisting bases, whether supple-
mentary or actual; each double inclined plane or double wedge having effect
through the medium of a pair of single inclined planes or wedges as before
described, placed one to the right and the other to the left of such coupled
machines, and driven from contrary directions by two steam or other hammers
striking simultaneously upon the same.
Figure 3 represents in section the resisting or main heads Ḥ and I of two
vertical machines coupled together by the double inclined plane or double
wedge K, the single inclined planes or wedges L and M being placed between
the double wedge and the false or movable heads N and O, and driven in
contrary directions by two steam or other hammers striking simultaneously
upon the same.
Fourthly, we do not however confine our combinations to machines of
vertical action only, but we also work the same horizontally or otherwise,

page_text: single or double. In single horizontal action we use a single inclined plane
or wedge placed vertically between the resisting or main head and the platten
or movable head, the face of the movable head being constructed to the same
angle as that of the inclined plane or wedge.
Figure 4 represents in section the resisting or main head P, Q; being the
inclined plane or wedge, and R. the movable head sliding between the supports
of the machine, the wedge Q being driven by a steam hammer or other per-
cussive. force striking vertically upon the same. For double horizontal action
the resisting or main heads are dispensed with, and in place thereof a second
hydraulic cylinder and ram are placed at the opposite end of the supports, and
in place of one movable head two such heads are used having the inclined plane
or wedge placed between them.
-...
==
Figure 5 represents in section part of a double horizontal machine in which
S and T are the. movable heads, and U the inclined plane or wedge placed
between them, driven by a steam hammer or other percussive force striking
vertically upon the same.
In working the several combinations or modifications of combination above
described, the inclined planes or wedges (when such are employed) are first
drawn out to the full extent required, and the substance or material to be
pressed or compressed having been placed in the receptacle or receptacles of
the machine, the hydraulic power is applied, and so soon as the full pressure
has been attained, or whilst it is being so attained, the platten or moveable
head either by blows from steam hammers or other percussive force directly as
in Figure 1, or indirectly through the medium of inclined planes or wedges
variously driven as in Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, exerts percussive force upon the
substance or material contained in the receptacle or receptacles of the machine.
In horizontally acting machines, as in Figures 4 and 5, the receptacles in which
the substance or material to be pressed or compressed is contained, together
with the movable heads, require to be drawn back to their normal positions
after the pressure or compression is completed. This is simply effected by
pumping into the annular space V round the hydraulic rams, which draws
the said rams back simultaneously with the various parts connected with them,
the said parts being attached to the said rams and to one another by links or
chains. -
1. And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim the combination
of percussive force with hydraulic power for the purpose of obtaining pressure
by one or more. of the arrangements herein-before described and represented

page_text: in the accompanying Drawings, or any modification thereof, and we claim
especially the plattens or false movable heads, and the inclined planes or wedges
substantially as herein-before described, whether single or double, vertical,
horizontal, or otherwise acting, for transmitting the percussive force in the
combination aforesaid.
In witness whereof, we, the said Alfred Augustus Hely and John
Marshall, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-first
day of November, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
ALFRED AUGUSTUS HELY. (L.S.)
JOHN MARSHALL.
(L.B.)