IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE ROOF. SIGNAL. AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Poole, of Lewisham, in the County of
Kent, Lamp Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAILWAY CARRIAGE ROOF. SIGNAL. AND OTHER LAMPS."
Sealed the 7th October 1873, and dated the 8th May 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Poole at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
Sth May 1873.
I, WILLIAM POOLE, of Lewisham, in the County of Kent, Lamp
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE ROOF, SIGNAL, AND OTHER LAMPS," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct a signal or other lamp
which is capable of burning hydrocarbon oils without a glass chimney.
To this end an air chamber is constructed at the bottom of the lantern
which is constructed of metal with glass sides, and is supplied with air
from the outside through perforations or holes made by preference
at the four corners of the lantern above the level of the burner and

page_text: communicating by means of down pipes or channels with the air
chamber below. An opening is made in the top of air chamber to
receive the oil reservoir and burner.
I prefer to construct these parts separately and connect them together
by means of a bayonet joint so that they can be easily detached.
The burner, including tlie wick holder and its appendages, is fixed on
the top of a small air chamber which is open at bottom, and is secured
on a flat plate which rests on the edges of the opening made in the
top of the fixed air chamber at the bottom of the lantern.
As the oil reservoir is connected to the burner by a bayonet joint as
above mentioned it will of course be suspended in the air chamber of
the lantern, and therefore as cold air is supplied to the latter from the
outside it will play all over the surface of the oil reservoir and will keep
it cool. The air after passing over the tops of the oil reservoir will
enter the air chamber of the burner and be caused by the dome or
deflector to impinge on the flame at or near the point of ignition, and
will consequently produce perfect combustion.
In order to promote draught through the burner a metal external
chimney is adapted to the top of the lantern. The exit aperture of this
chimney should of course be protected by suitable wind guards or
bonnets from down draughts or gusts of wind.
In constructing the lamp and lantern or external case care should be
taken to prevent as far as possible any air from entering except through
the proper channels which will conduct it to the air chamber below, so
that all the air will be made to pass through the burner and escape by
the chimney.

page_text: our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her lcirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Poolc, Her special licence
that I, the said William Poole, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Poole, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agrco with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter, during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might makc, usc, exercise and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ircland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE ROOF, SIGNAL, AND OTHER LAMPS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Poole, my exccutors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Poole, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):
:-
The object of my Invention of improvements in railway carriage
roof, signal, and other lamps is to construct a signal or other lamp
which is capable of burning hydrocarbon oils without a glass chimney.
In the accompanying Drawings I have shewn sectional views of four
different forms of lamp all constructed on the principle of my Invention
and adapted for different purposes.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and Fig. 2 a sectional plan. view of a
signal lamp.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a street lamp.
Fig. 4 is a similar view of a railway carriage roof lamp, and Fig. 5 is
a sectional view of a hand signal lamp.
In all these lamps an air chamber a is constructed at the bottom of
the lantern which may either be constructed of metal with glass sides

page_text: as shewn at Fig. 3, or with metal sides and back and bull's eye front, as
shewn at Figures 1 and 2. In Fig. 4 the burner is enclosed within a
glass envelope c, while in Fig. 5 the lantern is formed of a metal frame
with glass front and back. The air chamber a is supplied with air from
the outside through perforations or holes in the bottom of the lautern
at d in Figures 1 and 5, or through holes at the upper part as at d¹,
Figures 3 and 4. From these openings the air passes upwards in the
one instance and downwards in the other to passages arranged by
preference at the four corners of the lautern as shewn at e, e, in
Figures 1, 2, and 3. It will be seen that the air will enter these
passages e, e, above the level of the burner and is conducted by the
pipes or channels e to the air chamber a below. An opening is made
in the top of the air chamber to receive the oil reservoir ƒ and burner b.
I prefer to construct these parts separately and to connect them together
by means of a bayonet, telescope, or other suitable joint, so that they can
be easily detached. The burner b, including the wick holder and its
appendages, is enclosed in a small air chamber g, Fig. 1, which is open
at bottom or at the sides and is secured on a flat plate g' which rests
on the edges of the opening made in the top of the fixed air chamber a
at the bottom of the lantern. As the oil reservoir is connected to tho
burner by a telescope or bayonet joint as above mentioned it will of
course be suspended in the air chamber of the lantern, and therefore
as cold air is supplied to this air chamber from the outside it will play
all over the surface of the oil reservoir and will keep it comparatively
cool. The air after passing over the top of the oil reservoir will enter
the air chamber g of the burner, as indicated by the arrows, and will
be caused by the dome or deflector to impinge on the flame at or
near the point of ignition and will consequently effect perfect combustion
of the oil. In order to promote draught through the burner a metal
external chimney i is adapted to the top of the lantern as shewn in the
Drawing. The exit aperture of this chimney should of course be
protected from down draught or gusts of wind by suitable wind guards
or bonnets j, as shewn in Figures 1, 3, 4, and 5. In constructing the
lamp or lantern or external case care should be taken to prevent as far
as possible any air from entering except through the proper channels
which will conduct it to the air chamber below, so that all the air will
be made to pass through the burner and to escape by the chimney.
"l
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in Railway
Carriage Roof, Signal, and other Lamps," and having explained the

page_text: manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention
secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, the arrangement of parts
above shewn and described, or any mere modification thereof, for
supplying air to the burners of lamps for burning hydrocarbon oils;
I claim particularly enclosing the oil reservoir in a chamber which is
supplied with air by means of channels which draw it in from openings
situated above the level of the burner, as and for the purposes hercin
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Poole, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Sixth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.