An Improved Means of Obtaining Rotary Motion in Machines.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 4th May, 1887
Complete Left, 4th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 29th Mar., 1888
An Improved Means of Obtaining Rotary Motion in Machines.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of 68 Bridge Street, Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention,
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in obtaining rotary motion by means of pulleys so arranged
on the shaft of the machine to be driven that they bind on the shaft when turned in
one direction and run loose, or turn on the shaft when turned in the reverse direction.
These pulleys may connect with the shaft by means of pawls and ratchet teeth, or
by eccentric rollers, or equivalent known devices and are provided with means such
as a rope and weight or a spring to give a back, or reverse action. The pulleys are
driven by means of reciprocating ropes, chains, flexible rods, toothed racks, or their
equivalent, which are arranged to give the pulley one, or more turns for each effective
stroke, the pulleys reversing on the return stroke into position for the next effective
stroke.
In the carrying out of my Invention, I prefer to use the pulleys in duplicate, side
by side and so arranged that when one pulley is turning the shaft, the other pulley
is reversing on the shaft into position to again connect with the shaft. Thus the
motion is continuous.
My Invention is particularly applicable to transmitting rotary motion when it is
required to obtain a greatly increased speed over the speed of the prime mover, for
example in driving dynamo, electric machines, circular sawing machines, or other
fast running machines from a steam, or other engine. The rotary motion is obtained
by a reciprocating device such as above mentioned in connection with a revolving
disc on the prime mover, or by other equivalent means which will give reciprocating
movement to the ropes, chains, flexible rods, or toothed racks, which work the pulleys
and which will give the pulleys one, or more turns for each stroke, the pulleys thus
being rotated a number of times equal to their circumference multiplied into the
length of the stroke of the reciprocating device and thus driving the shaft of the
machine.
Dalth: Th: 1. of M... 1007

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Means of Obtaining Rotary Motion in Machines.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of 68, Bridge Street, Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention consists in obtaining rotary motion by means of pulleys so arranged 5
on the shaft of the machine to be driven that they bind on the shaft when turned in
one direction and run loose, or turn on the shaft when turned in the reverse direction.
These pulleys may connect with the shaft by means of pawls and ratchet teeth, or
by eccentric rollers or equivalent known devices and are provided with means such
as a rope and weight, or a spring to give a back, or reverse action. The pulleys are
driven by means of reciprocating ropes, chains, flexible rods, toothed racks, or their
equivalent, which are arranged to give the pulley one, or more turns for each effective
stroke the pulleys reversing on the return stroke into position for the next effective
stroke.
In the carrying out of my Invention, I prefer to use the pulleys in duplicate, side 1
by side and so arranged that when one pulley is turning the shaft, the other pulley
is reversing into position to again connect with the shaft. Thus the motion is
continuous.
My Invention is particularly applicable to transmitting rotary motion when it is
required to obtain a greatly increased speed over the speed of the prime mover, for a
example in driving dynamo electric machines, circular sawing machines, or other
fast running machines from a steam, or other engine. The rotary motion is obtained
by a reciprocating device, such as above mentioned in connection with a revolving
disc on the prime mover, or by other equivalent means which will give reciprocating
movement to the ropes, chains, flexible rods, or toothed racks which work the pulleys
and which will give the pulleys one, or more turns for each stroke, the pulleys thus
being rotated a number of times equal to their circumference multiplied into the
length of the stroke of the reciprocating device and thus driving the shaft of the
machine.
In order that my Invention may be clearly understood, I have hereunto attached
two sheets of Drawings which make a part of this Specification and which are marked
with figures and letters of reference corresponding with those used in the following
explanation, like letters and figures being used to denote like, or corresponding parts
throughout the several views and figures.

page_text: puncy nown in gear.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of the pulley shown out of gear.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a hand and foot power apparatus, the power being
transmitted to the shaft by means according to my Invention.
Figure 5 is an elevation of an apparatus in diagram showing an application of my
Invention when the motion is derived from pulleys and an endless belt.
Figure 6 is a plan of the apparatus shown at Figure 5.
Figure 7 is an elevation of an apparatus in diagram showing an application of my
Invention when the motion is derived from a disc crank and a weight.
Figure 8 is an elevation of an apparatus in diagram showing an application of my
Invention, when the motion is derived from a steam, or like engine.
Figure 9 is a plan of the apparatus shown at Figure 8.
According to my Invention I obtain rotary motion in machines by means of pulleys
in which a free shaft movement is permitted when the speed of the shaft exceeds that
of the device, or pulley. The device, or pulley which I prefer to employ is illustrated
at Figures 1, 2 and 3. It consists of a series of lever pawls a hinged on the pins b
by elongated holes 99. between two carriers which take the form of discs c. These
discs c are mounted loose on the shaft d. Inside these discs c are other two discs e
to which the pawls à are connected by pins f. These discs e are also mounted loose
on the shaft d. Keyed, or otherwise attached to the shaft d, or forming part of the
shaft d and placed between the discs e there is a polysided sleeve, or device h having
its sides i hollowed to correspond with the bearing surfaces a¹ of the pawls a. Stops e¹
are provided on the discs e against which the pawls a rest when out of gear as shown
in Figure 3. When the discs c are moved in the direction of the arrows k the pawls a
engage with the device h, by pressing against the sides i, and turn the shaft d. When
the discs c are moved in the reverse direction, or when the speed of the shaft d is
greater than the speed of the discs c the shaft d runs free. To throw the pawls a out
gear with the sleeve h and disengage them, there is provided a lever i fulcrumed
on one of the discs c and connected to the disc e by a slot and pin l. When the
discs c are moved in the direction of the arrows & they move past the discs e and
overrun the discs e and throw the pawls a onto and in gear with the device has shown
in Figure 2.
of
C
The binding surfaces of the pawls a and the sides i of the device h may be plain as
shown in the Drawings, or they may be serrated, or formed with teeth.
Instead of mounting the pawls a between two discs c c and e e as shown in the
Drawings they can be mounted on the face of a single disc c and a disc e as will be
understood, and instead of the pawl carriers being formed as discs, they may take
any other suitable form, for example they may be a series of radial arms springing
from a boss.
The device as above described may be driven in any suitable way, for example the
discs c may be connected to form a rope, band, chain, or other pulley.
In the carrying out of my Invention the pulley above described, or a like device
is placed on the shaft of the machine to be driven (and when a continuous motion is
required the pulleys are in duplicate). In Figures 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 and 9 of the Drawings
c represents the pulleys above described. They are placed on the shaft d of the
machine to be driven. For example A Figures 5. 6. and 7 represents a dynamo
electric machine having pulleys c c on its shaft d. These pulleys e c¹ are driven by
the ropes m, the ropes m being connected to and wound on the pulleys c c¹ in reverse
directions and the ends connected to the motor pulleys n n' as shown at Figures 5
and 6, or to the disc crank n and weight n¹ as shown at Figure 7.
By winding the ropes m on the pulleys c c¹ in the reverse direction and connecting
them to the pulleys n n' as shown in Figures 5 and 6 or to the pulley n and weight n²
as shown in Figure 7. The motion imparted to the shaft d and the machine A is
continuous.
In Figure 4 there is illustrated an example of my Invention arranged as a hand
and foot power apparatus. The shaft d is provided with pulleys c c¹ having ropes m
wound in reverse directions thereon, the ends of the ropes being connected to the

page_text: arms n n of the rocking frame p which is actuated by the handles p' and the foot
levers p³, the motion imparted to the shaft d being continuous.
In Figures 8 and 9 there is illustrated an example of my Invention arranged as a
steam or other like motor machine. n n' are two cylinders. is a piston rod common
to both cylinders and provided with two crossheads 8 s. d is the shaft to be driven.
It may be the shaft of any machine, or it may be the propeller shaft of a navigable
vessel. The shaft d is provided with ratchet pulleys c c¹ constructed as above described
and these pulleys are connected to the cross heads h by the ropes m which are wound
on the pulleys c c¹ in reverse directions so that the forward and backward strokes of
the piston rod impart through the pulleys cc' a continuous rotary motion to the
shaft d.
The above are given as examples of the carrying out of my Invention, but I would
have it clearly understood that the means employed to give motion to the pulleys c c¹
may be any suitable reciprocating device, such as a rope, chain, rod, or toothed rack.
And the proportion between the stroke of such device and the pulleys c may be varied,
the pulley c being rotated, as its circumference can be multiplied into the stroke of
the reciprocating device.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
First. The means substantially herein described of obtaining rotary motion in
machines, which means consist of imparting rotary motion to machines by ratchet, or
equivalent pulleys actuated by a reciprocating device, as set forth.
Second. The construction of apparatus herein described in reference to the annexed
Drawings for obtaining rotary motion in machines.
Dated this 3rd day of February 1889
JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS.
By Cheesbrough & Royston,
15, Water Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents.