matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING THREAD OR YARN UPON PIRNS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pinkerton Kerr and
William McGee at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 30th September 1869.
We, JOHN PINKERTON KERB, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM MCGEE,
Engineer, both of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WINDING THREAD OR YARN UPON PIRNS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the winding of thread or yarn upon pirns for.
shuttles in an improved manner, and is more particularly although not
exclusively applicable to polished thread or other hard or stiffened thread
or yarn, which on account of its great liability to become entangled
cannot be conveniently wound by the ordinary pirn winding apparatus
in which the yarn is led directly from the hank to the pirn. In the
process ordinarily practised with the stiffened thread or yarn it is first
wound in one machine from the hank upon-comparatively-large-bobbins,
and it is then wound in a second machine from the bobbins upon the
pirns; but by the present Invention the intermediate process of winding
upon the bobbins and the attendant expence is dispensed with, and the

page_text: thread or yarn is wound in a single machine directly from the hank upon
the pirn. To admit of this being satisfactorily accomplished the pirn
winding machine is fitted with appliances to hold the hanks in such a
stretched state as to prevent the entangling and twisting of the threads.
For this purpose there are provided for each hank two bobbins or small
reels, one being on a fixed spindle whilst the other one is set on a spindle
carried by a lever acted on by a weight or spring, with which arrange-
ment one bobbin can be moved near the other for the hank to be put on,
whilst the weight or spring by tending to separate the bobbins keeps the
hank stretched to the desired extent.
In another modification the bearings of the two bobbins are adjusted
more or less apart by screws, whereby the requisite tension is put upon
the hanks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard William Pyne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st December 1869.
I, RICHARD WILLIAM PYNE, of Belvedere Road, Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing carriages or vehicles worked or
propelled by the hands or feet in the following manner, that is to say:
Suppose the carriage to be mounted on three wheels, namely, one in
front as a steering wheel and the other two behind under the body of
the carriage, which is mounted on springs, I fix these two wheels on
separate axles by preference, and fix the box or nave of each wheel on
its respective axle, I also fix a grooved pulley on each axle under the
back seat of the carriage, and connect these pulleys by means of endless.
chains to two other pulleys mounted on short axles fixed to each side of
the body of the carriage at such a height as is convenient for a person to .
impart rotatory motion to the said pulleys by means of a winch handle
fixed on each of the last-mentioned axles, one handle being turned round.
by the right hand and at the other by the left hand, and by these means -

page_text: I impart rotatory motion to the back or running wheels in the pro-
portion of two, three, or more revolutions of the said wheels. to one
revolution of the winch handles, and to the front or steering wheel I
affix by rods a plate of metal, which by pushing with the feet from right
to left, or vice versa, by the person in the carriage the steering wheel
may be moved so as to direct the carriage in the required course so as to
go round corners or otherwise.
In connection with the above mechanism I employ a brake of the
following construction:-To, the back of the carriage I attach a bar so
fixed as to be capable to be pressed against by the back of the person in
the carriage, and I connect to. the said lever two skids or brakes, one to
the tire of each wheel, so that when the said lever is. pressed against by
the back, as before stated, these skids will be pressed against the wheels
and their progress checked or stopped, and when the pressure is removed
the skids may be pushed away from the wheels by a spring suitably
placed..
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING STATIONS TO PASSENGERS BY RAIL OR TRAMWAYS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Watts and Thomas
Watts at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st July 1869.
We, CHARLES WATTS and THOMAS WATTS, both of 46, St. Mary's
Terrace, Paddington Green, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR INDICATING STATIONS TO PASSENGERS BY RAIL OR TRAMWAYS,'
to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is that passengers by rail or tramway may
be able to ascertain in the carriages the respective stations as they are
approached. For this purpose an inclined or other suitable surface is
placed by preference near the approach to a station in position to act on
a lever or sliding rod or a series of them applied to one or more of the
carriages of a train, and such lever by links or connecting rods acts
by ratchet or other suitable gear on a surface or series of surfaces to
produce a step-by-step movement to such surface or series of surfaces
so as to bring into view a fresh surface or portion of surface. Each
surface may be composed of a disc capable of rotating on a centre, and
having the names or other indications of the respective stations the

page_text: train has to pass marked in radial lines thereon, and the disc may be
enclosed in a case adapted to show only one of such radial indications
at a time. Supposing the disc to be set so that the turning of it by a
step-by-step movement will bring into view the name or other indication
of each succeeding station on the line, then as the train approaches
each station the incline or other surface on the line of rails or tramway
will act on the apparatus carried by the carriages to cause a partial
rotation of the discs to bring into view the name or other indication
representing the station which the train is approaching. The change of
indication may take place immediately after leaving one station so as
to indicate at once the next of them, and in place of a rotating disc a
sliding plate or a chain or other series of plates, names, or indications
may be used. The names of all the stations in the order of approach
may be at all times apparent and the special indication may be by a
stationary or moveable pointer.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF UTILIZING THE WASTE HEAT OF PUDDLING AND BALL FURNACES FOR THE CALCINATION OF CINDER INTO BULL DOG FOR FURNACE FETTLING, AND AN IMPROVED MEANS FOR PREVENTING THE ADHESION OF THE SAME SUBSTANCE IN LARGE MASSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1869.
I, THOMAS SMITH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MEANS OF UTILIZING THE WASTE HEAT OF PUDDLING AND BALL
FURNACES FOR THE CALCINATION OF CINDER INTO BULL DOG FOR FURNACE FETTLING,
AND AN IMPROVED MEANS FOR PREVENTING THE ADHESION OF THE SAME SUBSTANCE
IN LARGE MASSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is fully set forth in the title, and the
manner in which the Invention is carried into effect is substantially
as follows:-I do not propose to alter the construction of the furnace
proper, but the flue of the furnace instead of being walled up in a solid
manner I propose to perforate on three sides. Between this perforated
fire-brick work and the outer casing there is provided a hollow chamber
for the reception of the cinder which is to be converted into bull dog,
and which is supplied through one or more mouth pieces at the top
of the flue. The outlet or outlets are placed at the bottom of the

page_text: chamber, and the metal is caused to run from thence into a tank filled
or partly filled with water, and which is provided for the purpose of
squenching or cooling the heated metal and preventing the adhesion of
the whole in one solid mass. The bricks which form the lower sides
of the perforations in the sides of the flue are bevelled in such manner
as to prevent the metal from entering the inner flue. It should be also
mentioned that there are two or more clearing out doors provided near
the bottom of the chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ashcroft at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1869.
I, GEORGE ASHCROFT, of Alexandria, in Egypt, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to give greater facilities in the working
of hydraulic presses at greater speeds with more freedom from the effects
of sudden shocks or concussions.
The manner in which I effect this is as follows:-First, I construct a
cylinder, and in that cylinder a piston made to work along its length
water-tight under considerable pressure. Attached to this piston is a
rod or plunger which fits the neck of a second smaller cylinder so
placed on a common axis as that the piston with its rod moves up
and down through their respective cylinders freely. If water from an
ordinary accumulator be admitted below the piston of the larger cylinder
it will cause this same to move along the length of the respective
cylinders. If the smaller cylinder be kept filled with water a pressure

page_text: will be communicated thereto increased in the same proportion that the
area of the larger cylinder exceeds that of the smaller. Thus if the
area of the larger cylinder exceeds by five times that of the smaller
the pressure on the square inch in the small cylinder will exceed five
times that in the larger, and so on in any proportion. The water
admitted to larger cylinder may be supplied direct from hydraulic
pumps when considered advisable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR SECURING BALES OF FIBROUS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th December 1869.-A communication from abroad by Allan
McDougall Clark, of Calcutta, British India.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of 35, Southampton Buildings,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR SECURING BALES OF
FIBROUS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," a communication to me from abroad by
Allan McDougall Clark, of Calcutta, British India, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a tie or ties that will connect
or fasten iron hoops or rope lashings used to pack fibrous and other
substances into bales or that may hereafter be used to pack such with
facility and without loss of time. One form of tie consists of a piece of
metal made with eyes or loops somewhat in the fashion of part of a
hinge and with a slotted opening. One end of the lashing is passed
through the slotted opening and bent over, whilst the other end is bent
into the form of a loop, through which and through the eyes or loops of
the "tie" a solid or split pin is passed to connect the parts firmly

page_text: together, after which the end or ends may be turned up to prevent the
pin accidentally falling out; or if desired such pin may be cut with a
screw thread. The aforesaid "tie" may be made of sheet metal bent
and cut into the shape desired, or it may be otherwise formed.
Another form of "tie" is made of round metal bent somewhat into
the form before described so as to form eyes or loops to enable it to be
connected to one end of the lashing, whilst around the other part the
other end of the lashing is passed and bent in the manner before
described. This "tie" may be formed entirely by bending, in which
case a part of it will be formed double, as the links of some descriptions
of chains; or if desired it may be made of single round metal, in which
case the eyes or loops would be secured by welding, brazing, or
otherwise.
Another form of "tie" consists of round or other suitable section of
metal made to form three sides of a parallelogram as before, but without
loops. The ends of the lashing are attached to two opposited sides
thereof, and to prevent the ends of the "tie" parting a strap is passed
around their ends. This strap may be formed of round or flat metal, and
the ends may be rivetted, welded, or otherwise secured. After the strap
has been placed on the ends of the "tie" such ends are bent so as to
prevent the parts separating from each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix Lejeune at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1869.
I, FELIX LEJEUNE, of 14, Brownlow Street, Drury Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved method of constructing
weighing machines, and adapted for general business and mercantile
purposes, and for the better comprehending its arrangement reference is
made to accompanying Drawing.
A is the stand or pedestal upon which is placed a curved and weighted
lever B, this lever can be either solid or merely weighted at the bottom,
as shown at C; D are rods forming part of the construction of the lever;
E is the pivot on which the said lever works upon pedestal A; F is a
small wheel (attached to the lever B) which acts upon the tongue
piece G of segment of cog wheel H. This wheel (H) being fixed behind
dial plate I and its cogs or teeth work into the cogs or teeth of small

page_text: wheel J, this latter wheel (J) being connected with the hand or pointer
in front of the dial, the weight is thereby ascertained; the article to
be weighed being placed or hung from the point K which causes the
lever to tilt up and act upon the small wheels and tongue above
described. L, L, L, are wheels, handle, rope, and pulley for raising
any heavy body to be weighed.
This principle of weighing machines can be adapted to any size and
strength, and for weighing articles of a light nature, such as letters, or
heavy and ponderous bodies, its details and arrangements being modified
to suit circumstances.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND. APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PAPER HANGINGS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th May 1869.-A communication from abroad by Charles
Hermann Rost, of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND.
APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PAPER HANGINGS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce wall papers that will admit
of being washed like painted surfaces without injury thereto.
To this end instead of using distemper colour for the ground of. paper
hangings oil colour is applied to the ordinary paper by mechanical means
in the following manner :-An elastic bed composed of a sheet of leather
cloth or its equivalent, held at tension, is employed to receive the paper
to be coated, and over this sheet is mounted a "doctor" which serves to
spread the colour at a uniform thickness over the paper. The sheet of
leather cloth is supported between side frames on tension bars or rollers
carried by the side frames. The front end of the sheet is set somewhat

page_text: lower than the rear end for a reason that will presently bo obvious.
Transversely of this sheet stands the doctor which is capable of vertical
adjustment by means of screws pendent from the cross heads of the
side frames. The paper in the form of a roll is mounted on a horizontal
axle at the front of the machine and the paper without having received
any previous preparation is drawn over the elastic bed or sheet and
under the doctor by hand or otherwise. In front of the doctor and
upon the paper is laid the oil paint that is to form the ground colour.
The paper is then drawn rapidly through the machine, rapidity being
necessary to prevent the oil from penetrating the paper. It will now
be understood that the traverse of the paper under the doctor will bring
forward the mass of colour which will be held back by the doctor, only
so much passing under with the paper as will suffice to form an even
waterproof surface upon the paper. As the paper rolls are thus coated
they are taken away and the coated surface is exposed to the air or an
artificial temperature to expedite the drying of the same. When dry the
paper may receive any desired ornamentation whether of embossing or
printing, but when printing is resorted to oil colours will be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PAVEMENTS FOR STREETS, BRIDGES, AND OTHER PLACES, AND IN THE MEANS OF TAKING UP SUCH PAVEMENTS WITH FACILITY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reginald Hennell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
November 1869.
I, REGINALD HENNELL, Lieutenant in Her Majesty's Twenty-fifth
Regiment of Bombay Native Light Infantry, in the Presidency of
Bombay, now residing at Sussex Gardens, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF PAVEMENTS FOR STREETS, BRIDGES, AND OTHER PLACES, AND
IN THE MEANS OF TAKING UP SUCH PAVEMENTS WITH FACILITY," to be as
follows:-
I fit blocks of wood of a truncated wedge shape into iron or metal
cells, such a number only of cells being united as to form a convenient
frame. These frames are then laid side by side, and the pavement may
rest either on the formation level of the road on sand, or sleepers if
necessary, or on girders. The blocks of wood should be cut so that the
roughness of the grain may be exposed to the traffic on the surface of
the road. It is evident that each block will be supported by the sides of
its cell, to which end the same should be bevilled inwards towards the
lower surface of the frame. In laying the road allowance should be

page_text: made for the contraction and expansion of the iron or metal frames.
Again, if desirable, the frames can be so formed as to allow the drainage
of the road to pass off at once from the surface to a system of drainage
below, which may, for example, be effected by having small circular
holes at the junction of every four frames, namely, at every six feet and
three feet, or other convenient position, the rain water being thus
conveyed off from the surface of the pavement on to corrugated iron
sheeting running between the ends of the sleepers or every six feet
longitudinally across the roadway, and being conveyed into gutters at
the sides; or these gutters might be dispensed with, and the waste water
and drainage conveyed at once direct into the main sewer, thereby
doing away with a quantity of small and useless pipes. The corrugated
iron sheeting could be made to slope either towards the sides or centre
according to the position of the main sewer.
By my Invention a very great saving in the yearly expenditure for
reparation will be effected, and pavements can be taken up and laid
down with very considerable celerity, especially when the arrangements
and instrument hereafter described are adopted, thereby affording
advantage to the systems of piping below as well as to the traffic above,
The arrangements for securing celerity in the removal of the blocks
may be as follows:-Openings are to be left at the corners of the frames
into which an instrument can be inserted made as a spring hook, which
closes up so as to allow of its being inserted in such an opening, and
when fully inserted springing open and allowing the hook to come
into action in order that the frames and blocks may be lifted up with
facility..
Ax IMPROVED ROD TO BE EMPLOYED FOR CLEANING RIFLED OR SHOOTH BORE GUN BARRELS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fowkes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th January
1869.
I, HENRY FOWKES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax IMPROVED ROD
TO BE EMPLOYED FOR CLEANING RIFLED OR SHOOTH BORE GUN BARRELS," to be
as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of expediting the process
of and more effectually cleaning "smooth boro" or "rifled " gun
barrels, and the improvements consist in the novel employment and uso
of a stick or rod, the length of which is somewhat greater than the gun
barrel it is designed to clean; the lower end of this rod is formed of an
hollow cylindrical recess, into which is placed a spiral brush or other
expanding material that is connected with a sliding rod passing up the
centre or core of the first rod, and terminating in a knob or handle out-
side a distance equal to the length of the cylindrical recess formed in tho
bottom of the larger rod, thus when it is desired to clean the barrel
the rod containing the spiral brush or other suitable expanding mate-
gun

page_text: rial is inserted in the barrel up to the "breach," at which time the central
sliding rod to which the spiral brush is attached is held, whilst the rod
with its cylindrical end is withdrawn, the action of which forces the
brush from the cylindrical recess, causing it thereby to expand and press
upon the interior surface of the gun barrel containing it, which when 5
being withdrawn thoroughly and effectually cleanses the barrel from all
foul or extraneous matter..
AN IMPROVED FEED APPARATUS ADAPTED TO CARDING AND CONDENSING MACHINERY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Kilner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
80th January 1869.
I, THOMAS HENRY KILNER, of Lepton, near Huddersfield, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED FEED APPARATUS ADAPTED TO CARDING AND CONDENSING
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
Much difficulty has hitherto been experienced in so regulating feed
apparatus that the "feed" may be tolerably if not perfectly uniform, or
may
if required be varied at given points in the course of traverse. To
accomplish these results I use an endless travelling feed sheet which
passes round a supporting roller (having its bearings in a travelling
carriage on the frame at either side of the apparatus) over pulleys at the
end of the frame, and around a travelling roller working in "races" at
the bottom part of the frame. To the travelling carriage I connect a
chain at either side, which is caused to pass over a toothed disc on a
revolving shaft, over a second similar one near the bottom of the frame,
and thence to the travelling roller (working in the race at the bottom of

page_text: the framework), to the axis of which it is connected. It will thus be
seen that the endless sheet and the chain are each in connection with
the top and bottom traversers, therefore that which affects the one affects
the other. Upon a stud secured to the side of the frame I place a scroll,
the diameter of the grooves of such scroll being uniform or varying at |
either edges as desired, and I pass a cord over such scroll and pass it
over a pulley secured to the shaft at the top end of the frame, over
which the previously named chains pass, the scroll itself being actuated
through spur gearing. The result is that when in motion the endless
sheet reciprocates from end to end of the traverse alternately (a suitable
return motion being applied) of the receiver, the scroll regulating the
supply of the feed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC BAROMETRICAL APPARATUS FOR RAISING BEER, WINE, AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Bourchani at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
April 1869.
I, PIERRE BOURCHANI, of Paris, Empire of France, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC BAROMETRICAL APPARATUS FOR RAISING BEER,
WINE, AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of the barometrical vacuum
for raising beer, wine, or other liquid from the cellar to the bar or
counter.
The apparatuses which I employ for creating the vacuum are susceptible
of great variation, and I will therefore confine myself to an enunciation
of the principle.
A main reservoir is provided with two openings, one for the entrance
of the water which is to fill this reservoir, the other for the exit of the
water and the emptying of said reservoir, this latter opening having a
pipe at least 12 yards in length, and plunging for this purpose into a
well, or drain, or other conduit. The first reservoir is in direct com-
munication with a recipient which, fitted near the bar or counter, is

page_text: intended for the reception of the raised liquids. For this purpose it is
also in communication with the casks containing the liquid to be
raised, that is to say, a tube soldered to the recipient descends into
the cellar, and is placed in the cask the liquid in which is to be
raised.
The working of this apparatns is as follows:-The first reservoir is
filled with water by means of a pump or from the ordinary water supply.
When it is full the discharge cock is opened, and the water runs off by
the outlet pipe, in which it will remain in suspension at a height
equilibrating the atmospheric pressure, and a vacuum is produced above
the liquid. It is then that the air contained in the receiving recipient
passes into the reservoir equilibrating the pressures; nevertheless a partial
vacuum will be produced in the first, which vacuum will be sufficient to
raise the liquid from the cellar; returning valves will keep it in this
position, and it will be easily drawn off for consumption or sale by taps
suitably arranged.
I also employ the pressure of water for expelling air contained in a
reservoir, causing it to pass into a cask in the cellar, where its compression
will result in the ascension of the liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF FISHING OR CONNECTING RAILWAY RAILS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sexton Sarney at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th December 1869.
I, THOMAS SEXTON SARNEY, of Catherine Street, Sheffield, in tho
County of Yorkshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF FISHING OR CONNECTING RAILWAY
RAILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the means of fishing
or connecting railway rails.
In fishing or connecting railway rails intermediate of the chairs or
sleepers which support the rails I employ fish plates placed one on either
side of the ends of the rails and bolted through. The fish plate on the
inner side of the line I make of the usual form, but the outer plate, in
order to stiffen the joint, I deepen, carrying it up around the head of the
rail nearly to the tread of the wheel. In a similar manner I deepen
this plate also on its under side, continuing it downwards so as to make
it embrace the bottom flange of the rail, beneath which it passes,
terminating near the vertical contre line of the rail.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR SIGNALLING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Preston and John
Prestige at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st May 1869.
I, GEORGE PRESTON and JOHN PRESTIGE, of the Firm of J. Stone
and Company, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS FOR SIGNALLING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to exhibit coloured lights from dioptric
lamps by the employment of coloured glasses fitted in a frame within
the lamp.
It has heretofore been the practice when employing dioptric lamps for
signalling purposes to colour or tint the lens itself; by this means from
the thickness of the glass the brilliancy of the colour has been materially
diminished. Now our Invention is to make the lens of uncoloured glass,
fluted or not, and to fit the interior of the lamp with thin coloured
glasses in a frame, which may be moveable or not.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND ADDITION TO LOCKS OR FASTENINGS FOR BAGS, WRITING, DRESSING, AND OTHER CASES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fabian James Knewstub at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th February 1869.
I, FABIAN JAMES KNEWSTUB, of the Firm of Jenner and Knewstub,
of Saint James' Street, Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND ADDITION TO LOCKS OR FASTENINGS
FOR BAGS, WRITING, DRESSING, AND OTHER CASES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, first, to spring locks or fastenings usually
applied to travelling bags, writing, dressing, and other cases, whereby
the hasp is released from the bolt by pressing in or down or by turning
the nozzle or keyway or a projection, and consists in the employment of
an additional face plate for the purpose hereafter explained. It has
hitherto been the practice in constructing locks and fastenings of this
nature to make the nozzle, keyway, or projection and face plate in one
piece, fixing the mechanism of the look at the back thereof, and then
to firmly secure the plate to the bag or other receptacle by pins or other
fastenings.
Now my Invention consists in making the nozzle and face plate
apart from the plate which is secured to the bag, and I connect this

page_text: plate to the nozzle in such a manner that it is free to be turned or
otherwise moved in order to release the hasp, or the nozzle may be
connected to or form part of the plate which is secured to the bag, and
the face plate which operates the lock may be secured to the first-named
plate in any suitable manner; by turning, moving on one side, or
otherwise operating this plate the hasp is released. I sometimes fit over
the nozzle a cap or cover; this cap corresponds in shape to the nozzle;
it has an impression of the keyhole in its front, and is so formed
that it fits tightly on the nozzle end serves to prevent dust getting into
the keyholo.
Another improvement, which is chiefly applicable to writing and
other similar cases where a flap is secured to the side of the case, consists
in making the portion of the metalwork in such a manner that the flap
shall be secured at more than one point. This I accomplish by carrying
out the metal from the centre towards the edges of the case, and then
having two legs or strips at right angles thereto; these two legs or
strips are perforated or have holes in them for the hasp to pass through.
The bolt or bolts of the lock corresponds or correspond in shape to the
above metal piece, and is or are connected at the back by means of loops
or saddle pieces.
A NOVEL MODE OF PUTTING UP OR INCASING PACKETS OF NEEDLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th October 1869.-A communication from abroad by Eugène
Bédé, of 39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son,
of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NOVEL MODE OF PUTTING UP OR INCASING PACKETS OF NEEDLES," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Eugène Bédé, of 39, Faubourg St.
Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
Numerous as are the methods which have been adopted for supplying
several packets of needles in one envelope, and the arrangements and
ornamentations employed, these latter have not yet been combined to
the utmost profit, the difficulty lying particularly in the manufacture,
because this kind of box or case must be obtained at a very low price.
The case or envelope the subject of this Invention has the merit of
combining elegance and convenience with economy; it has the shape of
a butterfly or of a winged animal; it is composed of two sheets of thick

page_text: paper or cardboard placed in juxtaposition and joined by a band
following the entire outline; this band may be of cloth, parchement, or
paper. At the extremities of the wings are openings in each of which is
placed a packet of needles. The upper face of this case is decorated in
harmony with the shape either by chromography, lithography, photo-
graphy, or otherwise.
The Drawing hereunto annexed represents a butterfly, but it is
proposed to employ any form which will admit of the same arrangement.
Instead of pasting or otherwise applying a decoration upon the paper or
cardboard it may be ornamented by stamping, and metal, wood, or other
suitable material may be used in lieu of paper or cardboard.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PUMP FOR DOMESTIC, HORTICULTURAL, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Byrne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1869.
I, LUKE BYRNE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PUMP FOR DOMESTIC, HORTICULTURAL, AND
OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I construct a frame or stand in the upper part of which is a circular
stationery ring, and in the interior of the said ring I affix a flexible
tube, there is also a spindle with a pulley thereon passing through its
centre. The ends of the flexible tube project from the frame or stand
in order that one end can be immersed in water and the other end used
for the dispersion of water. When the several parts are fitted together
and rotary motion is communicated to the spindle, then the pulley being
contiguous to the flexible tube exerts upon it an equal and continuous
pressure; by these means water is drawn in and through the tube inde-
pendent of cylinders and valves such as are now used in pumps for
purposes above indicated.
AN IMPROVED HURDLE FOR FOLDS FOR LAMBS AND SHEEP
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bryant Rushbrook at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd February 1869.
I, JOHN BRYANT RUSHBROOK, of Saint Andrew's Street North, Bury
Saint Edmunds, in the County of Suffolk, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HURDLE FOR FOLDS FOR LAMBS
AND SHEEP," to be as follows:-
The novelty of this Invention consists in constructing an iron hurdle
with two openings, capable of being adjusted wider or narrower at will,
to suit the size of the lambs and sheep that have to pass through them.
Another feature of novelty consists in providing the top and sides of
such said openings with rollers to prevent injury to the lambs, and also
to enable them to pass freely through the said openings. It is proposed
to use one of these hurdles at each side of the pen or fold, and to con-
nect wooden hurdles of the ordinary kind with the metal hurdles above
mentioned in the construction of the fold. By these means the lambs
only can go in and out of the fold, the openings when adjusted for the
lambs being too small to allow the sheep to pass out.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRILLING, TURNING, OR CUTTING AND SHAPING METALS OR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Pitt, Joseph Pitt, Edward
Pitt, and William Pitt at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th March 1869.
We, JAMES PITT, JOSEPH PITT, EDWARD PITT, and WILLIAM PITT,
of Cleckheaton, in the County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR DRILLING, TURNING, OR CUTTING AND SHAPING METALS OR
OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to apparatus or means of effecting what
is technically known as "square centreing" bars of iron or other metals
to be turned or formed into shafts, or for other similar purposes by
turning, that is, drilling a centre hole at each end of the bar so that it
may be held properly or centrally betwixt the centres of the turning
lathe, but the apparatus is also applicable for other purposes, such as
facing or cutting the ends of such bars of metal square, drilling a
hole centrally, and turning or shaping the outer surface thereof to some
extent.
The apparatus consists of a rotary spindle mounted in a headstock
fixed upon a suitable bed or frame, and on one end of which is fixed a

page_text: drill cutter or shaping instrument suitably formed for the purpose
required to be effected. On this spindle are also ordinary cone pullies
for driving the same. Also another headstock is supported upon the
said frame which is moveable or capable of sliding thereon towards or
further from the former, and carrying an excentric clutch or compound
face plate having clams, jaws, grippers, or holders capable of sliding or
being moved nearer to or further from its centre simultaneously by
projections thereon entering excentric grooves formed in one part of the
said plate, and by turning or twisting the other part thereon the said
clams are expanded to receive and contracted as required so as to grip
and hold the bars of metal or other material which may be placed
betwixt them to be operated upon by the drill or other cutting
instrument employed, the moveable headstock being moved towards
the drill or cutter by screw spindle, lever, or other suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR SCUTCHING, BREAKING, AND PREPARING FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND FOR THRASHING CORN OR GRAIN
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tate at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th July
1869.
I, JOHN TATE, of Portadown, in the County of Armagh, in Ireland,
Timber Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR SCUTCHING, BREAKING, AND PREPARING
FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND FOR THRASHING
CORN OR GRAIN," to be as follows:-
In a suitable framing I mount two revolving shafts at a short distance
apart from each other, and upon the opposite ends of each of the said
shafts I fix two or more corresponding radial arms, carrying at their
outer ends an equal number of blades or beaters parallel to the shafts.
I arrange the radial arms on each shaft in such a manner that while the
shafts are revolving simultaneously in opposite directions the blades or
beaters carried by the radial arms of one shaft pass between the blades
or beaters carried by the radial arms of the other shaft, that is to say,

page_text: the blades or beaters attached to each shaft alternately pass through a
common space between the two shafts, so that any flax, hemp, jute, or
other fibrous substance, or any corn or grain presented to the said
machine would be beaten first on one side and then on the other by the
operation of a blade or beater of each shaft alternately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RECOVERY OF SUBSTANCES USED IN THE PURIFICATION OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATION, AND OF WASTE PRODUCTS ARISING THEREPROM
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Holroyd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
February 1869.
I, SAMUEL HOLROYD, of Newton Heath, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RECOVERY OF SUBSTANCES
USED IN THE PURIFICATION OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATION, AND OF WASTE PRODUCTS
ARISING THEREPROM," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a method of treating substances which have
been used for the purification of gas, whereby I am enabled to restore
such substances or some of them to a proper condition for being again
used in the purifiers or for other purposes, and to separate for use other
substances with which they have become combined. To effect these
objects I take the substance which is commonly employed for abstracting
sulphur from the gas, oxide of iron for instance, and place it within a
suitable vessel to which steam or air is admitted, and the temperature
thereof being raised the sulphur is detached from the iron and may be
recovered for the manufacture of sulphuric acid or other ordinary purpose.
In like manner I treat. the substance used for extracting ammonia from

page_text: the gas, sulphate of iron for instance, from which ammonia in the form
of sulphate may be recovered for ordinary use. Or and by preference
I mix the two substances together before they are used for the purifying
process, and afterwards place them in a suitable vessel to which steam is
admitted at a temperature sufficient to dissolve out the sulphate of
ammonia, after which I raise the steam (or in this case it may be air)
to a higher temperature for the separation of the sulphur.
AN IMPROVED SLIP Hook
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1869.
I, GEORGE BRAY, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SLIP Hook," to be as
follows:-
My improvement in the construction of slip hooks for attaching the
traces or other parts of the harness of horses to carriages, or for other
purposes, such as cables, to which slip hooks are generally applied where
a ready means of instantous release is desirable, consists in hinging,
swivelling, or jointing the loop of the hook so that one-half of it shall
turn back sideways. One means of forming this hinge or joint is to use
a hinge pin having its axis in the same plane with the hook, and the
effect of dividing and hinging the hook is that in case of accident when
a considerable strain is put on the trace or other attachment the upper
or under half of the hook, as the case may be, is free to turn on the
hinge pin without any increased strain on either part or on the point of
the hook, which I latch to the standing end either as herein-after
described or in any other convenient manner. The arrangement of

page_text: latch which I design specially for those hooks consists in fitting a pin on
the point of the turning half, the axis of which pin is at right angles
to the general line of that part, and which enters a loop or eye formed in
the standing part of the hook when the turning half is closed. To the
end of this pin I fix a swivelling point so arranged that when the turning 5
part of the hook is shut to, the point shall fall over and shut or latch it
into the eye. I do not however confine myself to the adaptation of this
latch alone to the hinged hook above described, but propose to use any
other known latch with it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR INTERCOMMUNICATION ON RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles French at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
January 1869.
I, CHARLES FRENCH, of Omega Terrace, Blandford Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR INTERCOMMUNICATION ON
RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus
for intercommunication on railway trains whereby the passengers may
be enabled to communicate with the guard and engine driver, or the
guard and engine driver may communicate with each other.
For this purpose I employ a length of chain, cord, rope, or wire
for each carriage provided with a spring hook at each end for connecting
one length with another, and in order to prevent the slackening or
straining of the rope or other communicator upon the carriages
approaching or receding from each other I pass it around pulleys at
each end of each carriage, one of such pulleys being carried by an
arm and the other being fixed to a plate to which such arm is connected.

page_text: The arms are each provided with a coupling or pin joint so as to
facilitate their connection with each other, and they are connected
to the carriages by double pin points, one being in the contrary direction
to the other (or a universal joint may be used), so as to facilitate the
passage of the carriages around curves without injuring the connections.
When a train is made up the arms at each end of a carriage are
connected to similar arms carried by adjoining carriages, and the cords
or other communicators are connected to each other so that as the
carriages approach or recede from each other the arms shall be caused
to rise or fall and so carry the cord or other communicator with them.
By means of a handle or bell-pull in each compartment carried by a
ring through which the communicator passes the passengers may sound
a bell or other signal at either end of a train, such handle or bell-pull
being also connected by a cord with a spring catch on each side of
the carriages, so that when pulled the spring catches are released from
arms which by means of springs are forced out from both sides of the
carriage to indicate the compartment at which the attention of the
guard is required. The guard may also communicate with the engine
driver, and vice versa, by the same means, and in order to indicate
that the communication is from either of them and not from the
passengers I employ a second bell or other indicator, to operate which
a greater pull is required on the rope than that which can be given
by the passengers
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Hartley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
January 1869.
I, EDMUND HARTLEY, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the adaptation of certain apparatus to looms
whereby the resistance offered by the trap to the shuttle on its entering
and leaving the box is removed. For this purpose I propose to employ
a stop, which when the lathe retreats acts against a spring, through
the medium of which the shuttlo is then trapped, but when the lathe
begins to move forward the stop retires from the said spring, and the
shuttle is relieved from pressure. I propose to use the "stop rod finger"
for the spring to act upon, and to employ the usual swell as an inter-
mediate part or to dispense with it. By reversing the above-described
arrangement the spring may be carried by the lathe and arrive in contact
with a fixed stop.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF IRON KEELSONS, AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO WOODEN SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Humphrey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1869.
I, JOHN HUMPHREY, of Inches, Aberdeen, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF IRON KEELSONS, AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO WOODEN
SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing keelsons of iron, and applying
and fitting the same to wooden ships and vessels, whereby great strength
is obtained, whilst the keelsons possess much greater durability than
when formed of timber, as hitherto practised.
The keelson is constructed of T angle iron, and the foundation plate
thereof is fitted on planking formed, by preference, of East India teak.
In order to secure the keelson in its position bolts of yellow metal
cast with round heads thereto are driven through the keel and flooring,
and passed through holes formed for the admission thereof in the
keclson.