matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Orlando Tucker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1881.
FREDERICK ORLANDO TUCKER, of Hartford, Connecticut, United States of
America, but at present residing in Huddersfield, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to self-acting apparatus. employed in stopping the loom
when the weft is absent. My present improvements consist in using the weft
fork or needles and upright rod referred to in previous Letters Patent granted to
me on the 9th of November, A.D. 1880, No. 4592. This upright rod is connected
by levers to a dagger in such manner that when the weft fork lowers and the
weft is absent, the dagger would come in contact with a segment, to which is
connected a cord, tape, rod, or chain, attached to the boss or other part of a rocking
lever fastened on a horizontal shaft or stud, so that when the segment is moved by
the dagger, the cord, tape, rod, or chain, is pulled in such manner as to place the
rocking lever in contact with the strap guide, and move the strap from the fast to
the loose pulley and stop the loom, while at the same time the motion of the rocking
lever causes another lever or levers placed in a horizontal position, so that when the
slay board is moving towards the breast beam it will strike against this lever or
levers placed in a horizontal position and prevent the crank shaft moving any part
of another revolution, by which means no more picks can possibly take place after
the knocking off apparatus is set in motion.
When the weft is present, the dagger is locked by means of a pin entering a hole
formed in the dagger, by which means the dagger passes clear of the segment, and
the loom proceeds. The locking pin may be attached to a flat spring actuated by a
cord, tape, or chain from the breast beam, or the said pin may be operated by means
of a lever, cam, or other mechanical device.
That part of the lever or levers placed into a horizontal position against which
the slay strikes may be provided with springs, india-rubber or other material,
forming a cushion. The weft fork, upright rod, and dagger are raised on the
return of the slay board by means of a cam or inclined plate.
TREATING A CERTAIN PLANT OR VEGETABLE MATERIAL, AND APPLYING THE FIBRE OBTAINED THEREFROM AND NOT BEFORE USED FOR THE PURPOSE FOR SPINNING INTO YARN OR THREAD, CORDS OR ROPES, AND FOR MANUFACTURING CLOTH AND MAKING FELTED FABRICS AND PAPER, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, EITHER ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Hilton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1881.
MATTHEW HILTON, of Parkside, Prestwich, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer. "TREATING A CERTAIN PLANT OR VEGETABLE MATERIAL,
AND APPLYING THE FIBRE OBTAINED THEREFROM AND NOT BEFORE USED FOR
THE PURPOSE FOR SPINNING INTO YARN OR THREAD, CORDS OR ROPES, AND FOR
MANUFACTURING CLOTH AND MAKING FELTED FABRICS AND PAPER, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES, EITHER ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER FIBRES."
The vegetable material forming the subject of my Invention is the inner bark of
a plant or tree known botanically as broussonetia papyrifera, Vent, and is an
abundant and cheap material. I subject the said vegetable material to a boiling
or "retting" process, according to the purpose to which it is to be applied, to
remove the starch, gum, or resinous matter, and then treat it by machinery
to split, divide, and separate the fibre, which is subsequently acted upon by
preparing and spinning machinery, the machinery employed for the above processes
being similar to that used in the manufacture of flax or cotton, or other fibrous
materials, when such fibres are to be made into yarn or thread, or to be manu-
factured into cloth.
When the fibre is to be used for making felted fabrics, the treatment is varied
accordingly, and by means and machinery similar to those used in the manufacture
of felted fabrics; and when for making paper it is first subjected to a boiling
process to remove starch, gum, or resinous matter if required, and is then pulped,
or the boiling process is omitted if desired.
This new fibre may be used alone or combined with cotton, flax, or other fibres
for manufacturing purposes.
IMPROVED PROTECTOR FOR GLASS BOTTLES AND OTHER SUITABLE ARTICLES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aimable Michel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1881.
AIMABLE MICHIEL, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Dentist.
IMPROVED PROTECTOR FOR GLASS BOTTLES AND OTHER SUITABLE ARTICLES."
"AN
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved apparatus to bo
applied to bottles, vases, and other fragilo utensils for the purpose of protecting them
from injury.
The said protecting apparatus can be made of caoutchouc only, or of caoutchouc
and felt combined, and when dosired it can be strengthened with metal; and it
consists of several arms or branches, the lower ends of which are joined together at
the bottom, whilst their upper ends are connected by a circular band or ring.
Although it is desirable that the bottles or other utensils should be made with
recesses or grooves on the surface for the portions of the protecting apparatus to
partially fit into, it is not absolutely necessary for the bottles and other utensils to
be so constructed, as the said apparatus can also be applied to such articles of
ordinary construction. The size and form of the apparatus will vary according to
circumstances.
I will now refer to the accompanying Drawings, from which the nature of the
apparatus forming the subject of my said Invention and the method of applying
the same will be more clearly understood:-Figure 1 shows a bottle with one of
the protecting apparatus applied thereto; Figure 2 is a view of a protector
constructed with four arms or branches; Figure 3 is a view of a vessel for
containing acids with a protecting apparatus applied thereto, the apparatus in this
case being doubled by a thickness of felt, and strengthened by a metal band;
Figure 4 is a bottom view of a bottle with the apparatus arranged thereon. The
same letters of reference indicate like parts in all the Figures. A is the circular
band or ring connecting the upper ends of the arms or branches B; and C is tho
bottom of the apparatus at the junction of the said arms or branches. As the
protecting apparatus is only applied to the base and protruding parts of the said
articles, it leaves to glass its transparency and to porcelain its appearance, whilst it
possesses the great advantage of lightness of construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kenyon and Egerton Deakin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th December 1881.
JAMES KENYON of Blackburn in the County of Lancaster Gentleman and
EGERTON DEAKIN of Darwin in the samo County Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND CONNECTED WITH LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
The objects of our improvements are first to regulate the taking up motion so
that a greater number of picks may be put in any given length of cloth when
required and secondly in an improved method of fitting the pegs in the lags of the
dobbies.
To regulate the taking up motion we make use of a lever fixed on the catch
or stop rod, at one end of this lever is attached a movable lever or projection
which when required may be placed in a position to come in contact with the
"greyhound tail or weft fork hammer in order to make the catch miss every
second tooth of the ratchet wheel for taking up.
To fit the pegs in the lags we form a groove in the face of the lag extending
from one end to the other and form the pegs to fit in this groove, in each side of
the pegs we cut a narrow groove that will be level with the surface of the lag
when the pegs are in their places; on the surface of the lag we place a slotted
metal plate; the edges of the plate where the slot is made extend partly over the
groove in the lag and enter the narrow grooves in the pegs and secure the pegs in
the lag. The pegs are pushed into the groove at one end and dummies are pushed
into the groove to fill the spaces where the pegs are not required. The metal plate
is_bent over the ends of the lag to prevent it from wearing.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Hodgson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1881.
RALPH HODGSON, of 65, Grant Road, Clapham Junction, London, S.W. " A NEW
OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS."
This new or improved apparatus consists of an air vessel or pontoon with a
longitudinal bearer secured to the under side thereof. The said pontoon may be
constructed of iron plates rivetted together into any suitable form, such as that of
a cylindrical steam boiler for example, and made prefectly air tight, the ends being
by preference of conical or other suitable form, adapted to facilitate the passage of
the air vessel or pontoon through the water when it is required to move the same
from place to place.
The said air vessel or pontoon may be strengthened with encircling straps or
bands externally, and stayed internally in any suitable manner according to its
shape and other circumstances.
The longitudinal bearer under the air vessel or pontoon may be made of wrought
iron in the form of an ordinary bridge girder, adapted to support loads at various
points of its length; it may be connected to the air vessel or pontoon by means of
the aforesaid encircling straps or bands, or otherwise, and it carries a series of
wrought iron rings, to which are fastened chains connected by grappling irons or
otherwise to the vessel to be raised or to other chains passed thereunder.
The air vessels or pontoons in any required number being submerged by the
admission of water into them and secured as above described to the vessel to be
raised, air is forced into them by suitable pumps and the water displaced from the
said air vessels or pontoons through orifices provided for that purpose, suitable
cocks or valves being employed to close or open such orifices and the air pipes
according to requirements. When the water has been displaced from the air
vessels or pontoons sufficiently, the buoyancy of the latter will cause the vessel to
-be raised.
The apparatus may be fitted with a rudder, anchors, and other appliances for
guiding or securing it as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GEARING AND REVERSING GEAR FOR PLANING MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Ambrose Brydges at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1881. A communication
by J. C. Eckardt, of the City of Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of Würtemberg,
German Empire.
"
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Brydges & Co., Engineers and
Patent Agents, of 73, Koeniggraetzer Str., in the City of Berlin and German
Empire. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GEARING AND REVERSING GEAR FOR PLANING
MACHINES." A communication by J. C. Eckardt, of the City of Stuttgart, in the
Kingdom of Würtemberg, German Empire aforesaid.
This Invention relates to improvements in the gearing and reversing gear for
planing inachines, in order to attain a perfectly straight guide for the back ward
and forward movement of the table in planing machines by continuous revolution
of the driving shaft.
This shaft which is revolved by means of a hand crank or strap and drum
transmits motion to a second shaft by means of two toothed wheels.
Two further wheels or pinions are attached each one to one of the aforenamed
shafts, and are in constant gearing with the rack.
Each of these said shafts is provided with a suitable toothed coupling, which said
couplings are arranged so that the one half of each coupling slides on the said shaft
or shafts, but is or are prevented from turning on the said shaft or shafts by means
of a suitable key or keys, or tongue and groove, or tongues and grooves, whereas
the other halves of the said couplings are fixed to the toothed wheels or pinions.
As the shafts revolve in opposite directions it is only necessary to bring the
couplings alternately in gear, in order to transmit a reciprocal movement to the
rack.
The reversing of the motion is carried out by means of two projections or noses
which operate on a suitable lever, so that this said lever is moved a suitable
distance.
.
A thread with very high pitch is so cut in the nave or hub to the lever that a
fork which acts as the segment of a nut gears into the same. In this manner the
D...971

page_text: forks, the rod, and also the halves of the couplings can be given an axial movement
.so that they come alternately into operation.
The thread has so much play or dead movement that the gearing of the one
coupling only ceases when the lever has passed its highest point, and effectuates
the gearing of the second coupling by means of its own weight.
Instead of the toothed couplings, as abovementioned, friction couplings can be
employed. The rack can be located either above or beneath the driving shaft:
The proportions of the speed of the reciprocal movement can be regulated by means
of the gear wheels, or by changing the size of the pinions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING SMOKE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Griffiths at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th July 1881.
JOHN. GRIFFITHS, of Weobley, in the County of Hereford. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING SMOKE"
The object of my Invention is to purify the smoke produced by the combustion
of coal or other fuel by extracting from it the soot and other solid matter.
My Invention consists in causing the smoke to pass between a series of plates
from which water is continually dropping or flowing, or against a plate or plates
the surface of which is kept moist by water continually flowing over it, by which
means the soot and other solid matter in the smoke is taken up by the water or
by the wet surface of the plate or plates, and the hot air and gases pass into the
atmosphere, their temperature being reduced by contact with the water.
In
For this purpose I fix a plate or plates either in the chimney or funnel, or in a
chamber connected with the chimney or flue through which the smoke passes.
some cases I use one or more plates kept moist by water continually flowing over
the surface thereof. In other cases I use two or more plates fixed on each side
alternately of the chimney or of the said chamber, and overlapping each other so
that the water which is admitted in any suitable manner at the top will drop or
flow from the top plate on to the one next below it and opposite to it, and so on
to the bottom of the chimney or chamber. The smoke may be drawn through the
chimney or flue, or through the chamber by means of a fan, and thereby be caused
to pass between the said plates from which the water is continually dropping or
flowing, or to come in contact with the plate or plates moistened by water.
The smoke may be drawn through in the same direction as the water is flowing
or in the opposite direction.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CHECKING AND RECORDING THE USE OF POSTAGE AND OTHER STAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Stanley Willoughby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1881.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY, of Heaton Chapel, in the County of Lancaster.
"NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CHECKING AND RECORDING THE USE OF
POSTAGE AND OTHER STAMPS."
The object of this Invention is to provide a means of checking the number of
postage, receipt, or other stamps used in an office or other establishment, and also to
indicate or record the purpose for which each stamp has been used, and thus to
render the pilfering of stamps impossible.
Now this Invention consists of a tablet, leaf, or other suitable surface divided
into squares or divisions corresponding to the size of the stamps, and upon which
surface the stamps are laid and caused to adhere, by preference at their blank edges,
and so that each stamp covers exactly one of the squares or divisions. Upon a
stamp being torn off it leaves a blank square, and it becomes the duty of the clerk or
party using the stamp to write either his initials upon such blank square to indicate
who has used the same, or to write in the name of the party to whom the letter
is addressed or for whom the receipt is intended, or otherwise, as the case may be.
It will be obvious that this Invention may partake of the form of a book in which
each leaf would be divided as aforesaid, and so afford a perfect record or indication
of the stamps used, or it might be in a tablet, slate, or other form, so that the same
division could be used over and over again, the writing being washed off after being
examined by the principal.
AN IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR FLAVOURING AND COLOURING BEER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Bayley Worthington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1881.
ARTHUR BAYLEY WORTHINGTON, of Beccles, in the County of Suffolk, Brewer.
"AN IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR FLAVOURING AND COLOURING BEER."
The Invention has for its object the preparation of an improved material for
flavouring and colouring beer, to be used in lieu of the malt or sugar hitherto
employed for such purposes.
For this purpose I take barley, either malted or unmalted, and add thereto a
solution of saccharine during the roasting process. By the employment of my
improved material in brewing, a finer flavour and more brilliant and sparkling
colour are imparted to the beer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PICKLING AND SWELLING PLATES OF IRON USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN PLATE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIO AL SPECIFICATION left by David Rosser and William Rosser
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1881.
DAVID ROSSER and WILLIAM ROSSER, both of Cilfrew Tin Plate Works, near
Neath, Glamorganshire, South Wales. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR PICKLING AND SWELLING PLATES OF IRON USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF TIN PLATE"
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for pickling
and swelling plates of iron used in the manufacture of tin plate.
According to our Invention the pickling and swelling vats are placed side by
side, each containing the cradle for the sheets of iron. Above these cradles are
placed two horizontal rails parallel and in the direction in which the cradles are
moved through the vata. These rails have an undulating upper surface, and the
cradles are hung on to these rails by vertical rods attached at their lower ends to
the cradles and at their upper ends being hooked onto the spindles of rollers running
on the said rails, the rollers being united in a framework. This frame is then
taken hold of by a connecting rod attached to a crank of an engine (or other
suitable mechanism) and is thereby drawn backwards and forwards carrying the
cradles with it through the vats, the undulating surface of the rail under the rollers
imparting at the same time a continuous up and down motion to the cradles. By
the great agitation produced in the liquid in the vats by this double motion
imparted to the cradles and plates of iron the plates are most effectually cleaned
without the use of sawdust or branning or other equivalent process. The cradles
being only hooked on to the framework carrying said rollers can be easily lifted
off by the ordinary machinery to be changed from the pickling to the swelling
vats.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC BATTERIES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felician Rola de Wolski at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st April 1881.
FELICIAN ROLA DE WOLSKI, of Fort Blockhouse, Gosport, in the County of
Hants, Captain Royal Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC BATTERIES."
The object of this Invention is to reduce the internal or fluid resistance of the
cells of electric batteries, to increase their electro motive force, to diminish local
action, to render more constant both the electro motive force and the resistance of
such cells, and thus to increase their efficiency, and diminish the cost of working.
This I do by limiting the electric action to the opposing surfaces of the plates
forming the electrodes of the cells, the reverse surface of either or both plates being
rendered inactive, either by being coated with an insulating material, or by so
arranging the elements in the cell as to render inactive the reverse surface of
either or both plates. Every form of cell can be modified or converted on this
principle.
For example, when using suspended plates in a cell, I coat the reverse surface of
both the generating and collecting plate with an insulating material, such as sealing
wax, varnish, in order to render those surfaces inactive.
Again, for example, when I use cylindrical plates, I can treat them in a similar
manner, or I form the jar or vessel containing the cell of one of the plates, or I line
the jar or vessel with one of the plates, so that the reverse surface of this plate is
out of action, the other plate being also in the form of a cylinder concentric with
the outer plate inside which it is placed, its exterior surface only being brought
into action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING FIBRES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Morley and Hiram Jagger
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th December 1881.
EDWIN MORLEY, of the Firm of John Morley & Sons of Halifax in the
County of York Worsted Spinners, and HIRAM JAGGER, Manager in the employ
of the said John Morley & Sons. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING
FIBRES."
Heretofore in the spinning of fibres of a class producing soft twisted or "tender
yarn serious loss of time and waste of material resulted from the "ends coming
down" that is to say-the breakage of the yarn, when and so often as the machine
or spinning frame was started or set in motion, especially so when newly "doffed "
and restarted, because as will be seen and is well understood by persons practically
acquainted with spinning, that when the action of the flyer or spindle ceased
simultaneously with the action or rotation of the drawing rollers there was some
portion of the length of yarn between the nip of the front drawing rollers and the
flyer cap or ring in which there was little or no twist consequently on restarting
the frame the drag separated the fibres between the parts indicated necessitating
'piecing up" with consequent loss of time and waste of material.
LE
Now according to this our Invention we so construct machines for purpose
aforesaid that when stopping the machine the action of the drawing rollers is
suspended a little time before the spindle ceases to rotate, so that the latter will
sufficiently "twist "the length of yarn between the flyer and the drawing rollers,
and this sufficiently twisted portion of yarn will resist the strain on restarting the
machine and breakages are avoided, and the snarls usually made or resulting from
the stoppage of the machinery are drawn out again and wound on the bobbin.
For the purpose of admitting of the stoppage of the drawing rollers we employ on
the axis of the bottom drawing roller shaft an ordinary gear wheel operated or
acted on by clutch box or other like intermittent inotion device and having
trimining spaces or blocks which along with connecting shaft and gear deterinine
the length of time the spindles shall revolve and so the amount of twist put in
the yarn.
This Invention is equally applicable to cap, spindle and flyer, or ring spinning.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POTATO DIGGERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dowar at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd June 1881.
WILLIAM DEWAR, of Strathmartin, Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, Agricultural Implement Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN POTATO DIGGERS."
This Invention has for its object to improve the construction and action of
potato diggers, and in carrying it out according to one modification the rotating
digging instrument, which is of the well known Hanson kind, is carried as usual at
the back of a wheeled frame, and is driven by means of bevil wheels from the axle
of the main carrying wheels, but instead of being upon a rigid shaft, as heretofore,
it is upon a tube or tubular shaft running on a spindle fixed to the framing. This
improved construction is adopted in order to obtain a convenient means of fixing
the shank of the sock behind the digging instrument, such shank being by the
present Invention fixed on the end of the fixed spindle which projects behind the
digging instrument. In Hanson diggers, as. heretofore constructed, the shank of
the sock is in front of the digging instrument, and becomes clogged by the potato
shaws so as to impede the action of the machine, but in the improved machine tho
digging instrument operates in front of the shank of the sock and clears the shaws
out of the way.
In other modifications of the machine, when the digging instrument is not
placed at the extreme back end but so that a part of the wheeled frame is behind
it, the shank of the sock may be fixed to such part of the framing.
Another improvement consists in forming the sock with the middle of its front
edge projecting, and with a raised point or cutting edge which is by preference
made of steel, and which serves to divide the potato drill along the middle of which
it passes.
MENTS IN VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rigg at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1881.
"IMPROVE-
THOMAS RIGG, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic.
MENTS IN VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
It is well known that all ordinary slide valves when working under pressure
consume a large amount of power in consequence of the pressure of steam pressing
such valves with great force upon the valve face, and causing very much frictional
resistance to motion. Now the object of my said Invention is to relieve such valves
of pressure, and enable them to be worked with the least possible expenditure of
power; the means whereby I effect such object being equally applicable to steam
stop valves, hydraulic valves, and valves for other analogous purposes.
In constructing steam valves or regulators for steam engines, I fit upon the steam
pipe an ordinary stop valve with a slide, which can be raised and lowered in a
rectangular space, but surrounding the back and two sides of such slide I fit in
such rectangular space also a metallic saddle piece or casing, which is so constructed
as to relieve the slide of the pressure which would otherwise be exerted thereon.
The said saddle piece is carefully made, and the slide is fitted therein so as to work
freely and yet be steam tight. The saddle piece does not partake of the motion
of the slide. Suitable passages or spaces are provided so that the steam passes
round the saddle piece when the stop valve is opened. In applying my said'
Invention to the slide valves of steam engines I surround the back and two sides
of the slide valve with a similar saddle piece or casing to the foregoing; the two
sides of the saddle piece rest upon the valve face, and sustain the back of the saddle
piece, and the pressure of the steam is sustained by the back of such saddle piece.
the valve being thereby enabled to slide with the minimum of friction. The valve
is accurately fitted in the recess of the saddle piece, so that the back of the valve
is a steam-tight fit with the inner face of the saddle piece. The face of the
valve is thus prevented from being unduly pressed upon the valve face, yet it is
kept sufficiently close to prevent steam from escaping.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SECURING WINDOW BLINDS TO THE ROLLERS.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Brierley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1881.
RICHARD BRIERLEY, of Higher Walton, near Preston, in the County of
Lancaster, Joiner and Builder. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SECURING
WINDOW BLINDS TO THE ROLLERS.".
This Invention relates to improvements in the mode of securing window blinds
to the rollers, and consists in providing a groove running lengthwise of the roller
to receive the end of the window blind, which is held fast in the groove by a strip
of wood or metal fitting easily therein. The fastening strip is deeper than the
groove, so that its outer edge projects somewhat, and is caused to press upon the
end of the blind by means of one or more elastic bands or rings passed over each
end of the roller. By the arrangement above described the blind may be quickly
attached to and detached from the roller without damage to the fabric.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN METALLIC UPPERS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
་
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1881. A communication
from abroad by Charles Joseph Tisserand, of Saint Dié, in the Republic of
France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN METALLIC UPPERS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES." A communication from
abroad by Charles Joseph Tisserand, of Saint Dié, in the Republic of France.
The Invention relates more particularly to uppers for boots and shoes with
wooden soles, and consists in the combination of metal lined with stuff, felt, or
other convenient material to be used for uppers in lieu of leather uppers, some-
times the lining being of waterproof material. The Invention is performed by
making the lining adhere to the inetal by any convenient means and allowing the
lining to overlap at the edges and at the soles to secure joining the parts. The
metal is made in sheets cut to the required shape, may be ornamented and painted, .
varnished or enamelled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC ACCUMULATORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Imray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1881. A communication
from abroad by Jules Carpentier and Dr. Oscar de Pozzer, both of Paris,
France.
JOHN IMRAY, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC ACCUMULATORS." [A communi-
cation from abroad by Jules Carpentier and Dr. Oscar de Pezzer, both of Paris,
France.]
In electric accumulators in which equal surfaces of lead are employed the
negative plate has formed on it a suboxide such as P₁O and when this plate is
fully oxidised there still remains on the positive plate a peroxide such as P₂O²
unreduced and consequently useless. In order to lighten and simplify the accuinu-
lator its plates are according to this Invention so proportioned in thickness and
surface that useless material is avoided and more complete and uniform action is
ensured. For this purpose the negative plate is made very thin and the positive
plate has about twice the thickness and about half the surface area of the negative
plate. Each plate instead of being made in one piece consists of a number of
blades bent double and placed side by side within a porous cell of rectangular
shape all the blades of a cell being soldered to a conducting wire or bar at the top.
A number of these cells are placed side by side in a water tight case of noncon-
ducting material or lined therewith this case being charged in the usual way with
water acidulated with sulphuric acid. The porous cells may be dispensed with, the
blades being coated with porous pulp or with porous fabric. It is also of
advantage to form the blades with corrugations obliquely across them these
corrugations serving to retain better the oxide while they allow the gas to escape.
When the accumulator consists of sheets wound into a roll the desired proportions
of surface area and of thickness are maintained by making the positive portion
consist of several bands having double the thickness of the negative sheet
but presenting half its superficial area. These bands being arranged at intervals
apart on the negative sheet, are wound along with it and with the interposed
porous material.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF TELEPHONES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Burton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1881.
ISAAC BURTON, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF TELEPHONES."
'IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention consists in the construction and use of what I call an "anti-
induction diaphragm " between the end of the telephone magnet and the metallic
diaphragm at present in use in the instruments employed for telephonic communi-
cation, the object of the Invention being to decrease the induction and thus to
prevent the sound or voices from other wires being heard by the operator.
The "anti-induction diaphragm "consists of a disc or discs of paper, parchment,
papier maché, or other suitable material (of a smaller diameter than the ordinary
metallic diaphragm) placed between the latter and the end of the telephone
magnet.
The number of discs required will depend on the amount of extraneous sound
heard, and which it is required to overcome. If it be found that with one disc
only applied between the magnet and the metallic diaphragm the noise is not
decreased sufficiently, another disc must be ad led, and so on, until the voice of the
operator is heard distinctly without being interrupted by other sounds or voices.
More discs however must not be applied than are required to deaden the
extraneous sounds, and to enable the operator to be distinctly heard. Care must
also be taken to place the centre of the dise or discs exactly on the centre of the
magnet before screwing on the cap of the telephone.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE WASHING OF CLOTHES AND FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas West Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1881.
THOMAS WEST WALKER, of Hanley, in the County of Stafford. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE WASHING OF CLOTHES AND FABRICS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of what are
commonly known as "self acting washing machines" or portable circulating
clothes boilers, and has for its object the rendering the apparatus cheaper and more
cleanly.
Hitherto this class of washing apparatus has been constructed of sheet metal,
each component part, namely, the bottom, top, or knob and tube requiring to be
separately formed and then permanently united to each other by soldering or
brazing. The soldering or brazing is found in practice to be liable to become
worn and detached, thereby rendering the entire apparatus useless. Moreover the
separate construction and formation of the parts of sheet metal, and their sub-
sequent uniting together by solder renders the manufacture more costly, whilst the
apparatus is less cleanly, and cannot be taken asunder for the purpose of thoroughly
cleaning each part separately.
According to my Invention I am enabled greatly to simplify and cheapen the
manufacture by moulding, or if preferred shaping on the potters' wheel the bottom
chamber or that part which rests upon the hottest portion of the boiler or copper,
and the top or cap, or that part of said apparatus by or through which the
ascending water escapes, and as these parts can be thus manufactured of glazed
porcelain, stoneware, or other like fictile and more cleanly material, they can be
united to the tube by ground joints instead of solder, and be consequently easily
taken asunder for cleaning, and any separate part can be readily replaced and put
together in case of fracture without involving the loss of the entire apparatus.
The rising tube or pipe itself which connects the top and bottom parts together
is constructed of either metal or of earthenware, or porcelain, and can be made
telescopic or sliding, thus enabling the apparatus to be adapted to any depth of
boiler or copper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND COM- BINATION OF APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND STORING ELECTRICITY IN RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES AND STEAM BOATS, FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT THEREIN
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clarke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1881. A
communication from abroad by Madame Joséphine de Changy, née de Deyn, of
Paris, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND COM-
BINATION OF APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND STORING ELECTRICITY IN
RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES AND STEAM BOATS, FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
LIGHT THEREIN." [A communication from abroad by Madame Joséphine de
Changy, née de Deyn, of Paris, France.]
The lighting of railway carriages by electricity, whether produced by batteries or
by magneto electric machines has not been practically feasible hitherto, in consequence
in the one case of the limited duration of the battery, and in the other case of the
complete extinction of the light at every stoppage of the train.
The object of this Invention is to equalise the current produced and prevent the
extinction of the light during stoppages, and thus to enable railway and other
carriages and steam boats to be lighted by electricity for an indefinite period of
time.
The Invention consists in the combination of secondary batteries with a magneto
electric machine driven by an axle or shaft of the railway carriage or steam boat,
the office of the machine being to keep the batteries fully charged during the
running of the carriage or steam boat, in order that they may furnish the necessary
current to maintain the light during stoppage of the machine.
In carrying out the Invention as applied to an installation upon a railway train,
I place in the guard's van or other carriage, 1st, a small Gramme or other magneto
electric machine, and arrange it to be driven by one of the axles of the carriage;
and, 2ndly, a series of secondary batteries, which are arranged to receive and store
the current of electricity generated by the electric machine. From these secondary
batteries, which are thus always kept charged to saturation, the current is conducted
to lamps on the incandescence system installed in the various carriages of the
Prins 31

page_text: train. At every stoppage of the train the machine of course stops also, but at
these times the current is furnished by the secondary batteries and the light is not
extinguished.
By this arrangement the lighting may be continued without interruption for an
indefinite period, and as the secondary batteries are not exhausted, they are
capable of very prolonged use without any change in the installation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN THE FELTING OF HAT BODIES OR OTHER FELTED ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Giles Atherton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th June 1881. Partly a communication
from abroad by George Yule, of Newark, New Jersey, in the United States of
America.
GILES ATHERTON, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Hat Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN THE FELTING OF HAT BODIES OR
OTHER FELTED ARTICLES." [Partly a communication from abroad by George Yule,
of Newark, New Jersey, in the United States of America.]
My Invention relates to the apparatus wherein rollers are employed in the
felting or "planking" of hat bodies and other articles. In the first place, the
upper roller is loaded by means of a lever, upon which is mounted or fitted to slide
a movable weight, which can be shifted along the lever by means of a screw or by
other suitable means so as to vary the downward pressure of the said roller as may
be required. The said upper roller is mounted in a hinged frame, and is raised
for the removal and insertion of the goods by means of a treddle lever which is
connected by means of links with the said frame. The downward movement of the
frame is regulated by means of stops, which, by preference, are made of vulcanized
caoutchouc, and are arranged to be raised and lowered as required, either separately
or together. Three ribbed or fluted rollers may be employed.
In the second place the frame in which the rollers are mounted is arranged to
be raised and lowered in order that the goods may be immersed in the liquid in
the kettle during the felting operation, or during a portion of the period of
each operation. The frame or frames may be fitted to slide up and down upon
the side standards or fixed framing, and the rollers be actuated by means of a
vertical shaft and a sliding bevel wheel, or by other suitable means, or the rollers
may be mounted upon a lever frame which vibrates upon a fulcrum to raise. and
lower the rollers. An apparatus may be single, having only one set of rollers, or
be double having two sets of rollers, in which latter case one set may be arranged to
ascend as the other set descends. The raising and lowering of the rollers or frames
may be effected by hand or by means of a treddle, lever, or cams, or parts of the
apparatus may effect the said movements. To check the outward splashing of the
liquor the upper sides of the "kettle "may be curved or inclined inwards. This
part of my Invention may be used either with or without the first part thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THROTTLE VALVES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert David Napier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th August 1881.
ROBERT DAVID Napier, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THROTTLE VALVES."
This Invention has for its object to improve the construction and arrangement of
throttle valves so as to allow of their being moved with extremely little power
even when they are of large size, and to insure their responding quickly and easily
to speed governors exerting moderate force.
In the improved apparatus the valve piece is an elliptical or oval disc, placed in
a cylindrical pipe or passage through which steam or other fluid under pressure
flows. This disc is fixed on a spindle placed across the middle of the passage,
which is an ordinary arrangement intended to render the pressure nearly equal on
the two parts of the disc on each side of the spindle. As throttle valves are
commonly fitted, however, the surface of the disc on which the pressure acts and
the spindle are in such relation as not to give exact balance or equality of
pressure, but to cause a considerable preponderance to act on one side so as to tend
to close the valve or to keep it closed. By the present Invention, on the contrary,
the valve is fixed on the spindle, so that the axis of the spindle is at a slight
distance outside of the plane of the disc's surface on the side of the valve on which
the pressure acts; and in consequence of this arrangement the tendency is for the
valve to open and this greatly facilitates the action of the governor. If preferred
the parts may be arranged so as to be as nearly balanced as possible.
The spindle has as usual one end in a footstep or bearing socket which does not
go through the side of the pipe, whilst the other end passes out through a stuffing
box, and has a lever fixed on it externally for connection to the governor. When
the valve is closed or nearly closed there is a very heavy pressure acting upon the
spindle, and this pressure has at one end to be sustained by the stuffing box, which
has consequently to be packed very tightly to prevent leakage. The result of this
is that a considerable frictional resistance has to be overcome when turning the
spindle and prevents the valve from responding quickly to the governor. To
overcome this difficulty antifriction rollers of steel or other suitable metal are by
this Invention applied to both ends of the valve spindle, each set of rollers being

page_text: encircled by a bush or ring which is fitted into a recess or chamber formed for it
in the side of the pipe or valve box. The rollers and bushes are inserted into
their chambers from the outside, and then the chamber for the short end of the
spindle is completely closed by a cover bolted on, whilst the stuffing-box piece
through which the longer end of the spindle passes is bolted over the other 5
chamber.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPLIANCES FOR CONVEYING GOODS FROM RAILWAYS OR TRAMWAYS INTO SHIPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ingleby at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th July 1881. A communication from
abroad by Johann Pechar, of Teplitz, in the German Empire.
JOSEPH INGLEBY, of No. 7, St. Peter's Square, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPLIANCES FOR CONVEYING GOODS
FROM RAILWAYS OR TRAMWAYS INTO SHIPS." [A communication from abroad by
Johann Pechar, of Teplitz, in the German Empire.]
According to the present Invention goods are conveyed from a railway or
tramway to the ships or barges that are to receive them by running the loaded
trucks or vans along one or more lines of rails or trams or to a pier, and thence
on to a large lighter or vessel moored alongside having a deck or staging on
which are laid corresponding lines of rails or trams to receive the truck. The
lighter or vessel with the truck or trucks is then floated out to the ships or barges
that have to receive the goods, which are moored at any convenient distance from
the pier, and the lighter being moored alongside such vessels, the goods are then
discharged from the truck or trucks directly into the latter. After discharging
the goods the lighter is floated back to the pier, and the empty trucks are then
conveyed over the latter back to the railway or tramway.
It will be seen that by this arrangement the loading of a number of vessels can
be carried on with much greater dispatch than if they were moored alongside the
pier, as a number of trucks can be conveyed in quick succession on to a corre-
sponding number of lighters, which can then each be floated to a different vessel,
so that a number of these can then be loaded simultaneously.
Also each lighter may have two lines of rails, on each of which are run one or
more trucks, and the lighter being then moored between two of the vessels to be
loaded, these can both be loaded simultaneously.
The above method of conveying goods also has the advantage of considerable
economy over the present arrangements for loading a number of vessels
simultaneously alongside a wharf, as the considerable and consequently expensive
wharf frontage, as also the number of branch lines of railway and other plant
required in this case, are dispensed with.