IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SHAPING METAL ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SHAPING METAL ARTICLES."-'A
communication from abroad by Robert Heapey Butcher, of Lowell,
Massachusetts, in the United States of America, Bolt and Nut Manu-
facturer..
Sealed the 6th March 1866, and dated the 16th September 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th September 1865.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SHAPING METAL ARTICLES,"
a communication to me from abroad by Robert Heapey Butcher, of Lowell,
Massachusetts, in the United States of America, Bolt and Nut Manufacturer,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for shaping by compression metal articles, and which
is particularly applicable to the heading of bolts.
According to this Invention, as applied, for example, to the forming or
shaping and finishing of the heads of bolts, it is proposed to employ two or
more horizontal compressing and shaping dies which are caused to advance

page_text: upon the work by the action of cranks, eccentrics, or cams on separate shafts
which are geared together, and are all driven from one main driving shaft.
In conjunction with the horizontal dies, above referred to, there is a vertical
die which exerts a downward pressure upon the heated metal blank. All
these dies are made adjustable in their slides by adjusting screws so as to
enable heads of various sizes to. be shaped, and by varying the forms of the
lies it is obvious that articles of different shapes may be formed in this
machine.
In making bolt heads it is preferred to use four horizantal dies.and-one-
_vertical-die--The blank to be headed is held between a pair of nipping dies,
a sufficient quantity of metal being left projecting above them to form the
head, which is effected by the descent of the vertical die followed by the
advance of each opposite pair of the horizontal dies, one pair operating after
the other. The head being shaped, the nipping or holding dies, are, opened
and the bolt is removed to be replaced by a fresh blank; the several shaping
dies are held back when not in action by helical or other springs. The dogs
which actuate the horizontal slides are covered to engage into a notch therein
by the action of a foot lever, which lever is held up by springs so as 'to keep
the dogs disengaged from the notches until required for action. The dog
which works the vertical slide engages into two notches successively, the first
notch bringing down the die to a certain extent sufficient to spread the metal
slightly at the first stroke, but at the subsequent strokes the dog is moved by
a bell-crank lever into the second notch which enables the die to descend its
full stroke. The nipping dies are opened and closed by a hand--lever and
toggle-joint arrangement, and they are. capable of vertical adjustment by
means of four vertical adjusting screws worked by a, worm shaft and worm
wheels underneath the table or bed plate of the machine. The length of the
bolt is gauged or regulated by a central vertical screw spindle which enters a
space made for that purpose in the jaws carrying the nipping or holding dies,
and which serves as the support for the end of the bolt to rest.

page_text: .
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the 29th year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John
Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John Henry Johnson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-.
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SHAPING METAL ARTICLES," a commu-
nication to me from abroad by Robert Heapey Butcher, of Lowell, Massa-
chusetts, in the United States of America, Bolt and Nut Manufacturer,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same.to be filed in the Great, Seal Patent Office within six calendar months.
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same.
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
The said Invention relates to a peculiar combination of machinery or
apparatus for shaping metal articles by compression, and which machinery is
particularly applicable to the heading of bolts.
According to this Invention, as applied, for example, to the forming or
shaping and finishing of the heads of bolts, it is proposed to employ two or
more horizontal compressing and shaping dies which are caused to advance
upon the work by the action of cranks, eccentrics, or cams carried on separate
shafts which are geared together, and are all driven from one main driving
shaft. In conjunction with the horizontal dies, above referred to, there is a
vertical die which exerts a downward pressure upon the heated metal blank;
all these dies are made adjustable in their slides by adjusting screws so as to
enable heads.of various sizes to be shaped, and by varying the forms of the
dies it is obvious that articles of different shapes may be formed in this
machine.

page_text: In making bolt heads it is preferred to use four horizontal dies and one
vertical die. The blank to be headed is held between a pair of nipping dies,.
a sufficient quantity of metal being left projecting above them to form the
head, which is effected by the descent of the vertical die followed by the
advance of each opposite pair of the horizontal 'dies, one pair operating after
the other. The head being shaped, the nipping or holding dies are opened,
and the bolt is removed to be replaced by a fresh blank: The several shaping.
dies are held back when not in action by helical or other springs. The dogs:
which actuate the horizontal slides are caused to engage into a notch therein
by the action of a foot lever, which-lever is held up by springs so as to keep
the dogs disengaged from the notches until required for action. The: dog
which works the vertical slide engages into two notches successively, the first.
notch bringing down the die to a certain extent sufficient to spread the metal
slightly at the first stroke, but at the subsequent strokes the dog is moved by
a bell-crank lever into the second noteb, which enables the die to descend. its
full stroke. The nipping dies are opened and closed by a hand lever and
toggle-joint arrangement, and they are capable of vertical adjustment.by.
means of four vertical adjusting screws worked by a worm shaft and worm
wheels underneath the table or bed plate of the machine. The length of the
bolt is guaged or regulated by a central vertical screw spindle which enters as
space made for that purpose in the jaws carrying the nipping or holding dies,.
and which serves as the support for the end of the bolt to rest upon.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now:
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose Ishall.
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the.
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures..
i
Fig. 1 of the Drawings is a sectional elevation of the machine taken along
the line 1, 2, 3, 4 in Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of the side dies and
their appurtenances, or, in other words, a plan of the machine with the
upsetting die and its adjacent parts removed at the line 5, 6, in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 s
is an elevation of the upper part of the machine at right angles to Fig. 1, or
looking in the direction of the red arrow in Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 is a plan of
the jaws that hold the bolt, with their supporting bed and working lever.
The Drawings are all made to the same-scale, namely, one-sixth the full
size, such dimensensions being adapted for making small heads; for larger s
heads the dimensions may be proportionally increased.
A is the upper bed firmly secured to the lower one B, which is supported
by the frame C, C; D is the driving shaft running in the bearings a, a, a, a*, .
three of them being supported by pillow blocks fast on the bed A, whilst the

page_text: bearing a is supported on the separate standard b (Fig. 2). 6, 6', 'are
driving pullies for driving the machinė, one of them being fast on the shaft;
and the other loose on it. E is a'spur wheel fast on the shaft D, and gearing.
into and driving two others of the same size, E, E", which are fast on the
shafts D¹, D; F and G are mitre bevels fast on the shaft D,.and driving the
corresponding wheels 'F' and G', which are fast on the shafts F and Gu
respectively. The shafts D', F", and G" run in the bearings a, a, a', 'and.
a, a, a, a, supported on pillow blocks on the bed A,. as shewn in Fig. 2.
The shafts D, D, F, and G" have cranks c, c¹, c¹, and c¹ formed on.
them respectively which carry the dogs d, d', d", and d¹¹; e, e¹, e¹, el, are:
the side formers or dies bolted to the carriers 1, 1, 1, 1, which are held in;
the 'slides s, s¹, s¹, s, in which they are adjusted to suit different sized
articles by their respective adjusting screws, two of which only, t, t', are seen.
in the Drawings. v, v, v11, 111, are set screws for holding the carriers in their
places, as shewn. in section on the right in Fig. 1. The slidės s, s¹, s¹¹, s
move in suitable ways fast on the bed A, and are each of them made with a
notch a, a, a, a, for the dogs d; d', d", d, to carry them forward when
pressed down, and also have lugs y, y¹, y", y, projecting up through slots in
the dogs d, d, d", d", by which the slides are drawn back.
L, L', are the jaws with their dies J, J' (shewn in plan detached at Fig. 4).
for holding the. work; these dies J, J', are made to conform to the size and
shape desired for the under side of the head and the shank near it, making it
square if desired. The jaw 'L' is firmly bolted to the supporting bed M, and
Eis hinged at one end to L, and connected at the other to the lever.N, which
lever is connected to the 'short lever or swivel arm N¹, one end of which is
pivoted. to the bed M. These levers are so arranged as to form a toggló;
joint which keeps the jaws L, L', firmly closed when they are in the position
shewn in Fig. 4, and when the handle of N is moved in the direction,
indicated by the arrow, they open the jaws to allow the putting in or removing.
of the work. I
The bed M is supported on four screws, two of which o, o¹, are shewn in
Fig. 1, and is retained in position by the braces or lugs P, P, and is held
down to the bed B by the bolts p, p¹. The screws o, o, one of which is right
and the other left-handed, are tapped through the bed B, and are operated
by the worm wheels o", o, which are connected by a sliding feather and
groove to their respective screws, the worm wheels being operated by the
worm shaft r, and supported by the brace R'; the shaft extends across to
both pairs of worm wheels, so that by turning it the four screws act in
unison.

page_text: '
R is one half of an inverted arch bolted to the under side of the bed B,
and through which the screw S. is tapped, which screw extends up through an
opening in Band.M, and into the jaws L, L', under the dies J, J', and serves
both as a guage and rest for the end of the bolt or other article in the said
jaws. T (Figs. 1 and 3) is the upsetting or heading die held in the
chuck T', in which it is adjustable by the set screws i, i. The chuck T is
carried by the slide a* which moves inways fast to the standard V, and has
two notches ff, against which the dog W acts, and has also a lug Vi
passing through a slot in the same dog W which raises-it. X is a spring
_connected-to-the slide to hold it up when the dog descends, and is not
thrown on to the notches. *** is a stop screw to prevent the spring-from-
raising the slide too high to allow the dog to enter above the notches. The
dog W is carried by a crank on the shaft D", which runs in bearings on the
standards V (Fig. 3). Z is a bell-crank lever turning on a stud in V, and
having one end connected to the dog W, whilst the other end is attached to a
spring w, from which a rod w¹ extends down to and connects with the
treadle w. A spring 6" is connected to the same end of the lever Z to raise
it and throw the dog W off the notches ff. The dogs d, d', du, d, are
provided with slotted side levers h, h, h", h, turning on pins in the adjacent
pillow blocks, and having a slot in which a stud or pin from the dog slides,
The levers
and by which the levers raise and lower the said dogs.
h, h, h, h, are operated by rods passing down to the bars n¹, n", and
connected to their ends, and the bar n is linked at each end to the middle
of n¹ and n¹¹, and at its middle is connected by the chain on to the treadle w
the bars n, n, being connected to four springs which are sufficient to raise
them with the several levers and dogs and treadle when not held down.
The operation of the side dies is so arranged as to make the opposite ones
of each pair strike together or at the same time, and the two pairs and the
upsetting die divide the time equally, and all operate in one turn of the driving
shaft; this, however, is not absolutely necessary, as the upsetting die might
be made (by a suitable arrangement of the gearing) to give a stroke between
each stroke of the pairs of side dies, or in such other order as may be best for
different kinds of work.
In operating the machine, motion is given to the several shafts carrying the
dogs, which dogs move without moving the slides, until the heated metal is
placed in the jaws and the treadle pressed down; the dogs then catch their
several slides, the upper one, catching first on the lower notch f¹, upsets the
head partially at the first stroke, and as the treadle is pressed hard down it
catches on the other notch f, and the treadle is then held until the head is

page_text: completed, when it is released, and the springs raise it and the dogs from
their work. The jaws are then opened by the lever N, and the finished work
is removed by the attendant.
In some kinds of work it may be better to have the head partially upset
before putting into the machine, but in general this is not necessary.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
hercin-before in part recited Letters Patent.is,
First, forming the heads of bolts or shaping similar metal articles by the
squeezeing action of the dies e, e', el, el, operating in pairs in connection
with the die T, substantially as herein-before described.
Second, the application and use of the dies e, e¹, é¹¹, e¹¹, arranged in com-
bination with each other, and with their respective adjusting screws, so as to
be readily adjustable to suit articles of different sizes and shapes, substantially
as herein-before described.
Third, the application and use of the dogs d, d', d", d, and W, slides
s, s¹, s, &, and a*, with their respective shoulders or notches, and the
several shaping and upsetting dies in combination with the connecting bars
n, n,, or their equivalent, and the foot lever w, when constructed
and operating substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described.
Fourth, the combination of the hand lever N, swivel arm N', and move-
able jaw L, when constructed and operating substantially as specified and for
the purposes set forth.
Fifth, the upsetting or heading down the metal gradually at the will of the
operator by means of the two or more notches f, f, in the slide a of the
upsetting or heading die or tool T, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Sixteenth day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-six.