matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LADDERS TO BE USED IN CASE OF FIRE, AND ALSO FOR PAINTING, SCULPTURING, MASONRY, AND BUILDING PURPOSES GENERALLY."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Allison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1880. A communication
from abroad by Jean Baptiste Joanne-Rousseray, of Paris, in the Republic
of France.
HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of the Firm of Allison, Brothers, Patent Agents, of
41, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LADDERS TO BE USED IN CASE OF FIRE, AND ALSO FOR PAINTING,
SCULPTURING, MASONRY, AND BUILDING PURPOSES GENERALLY." A communi-
cation from abroad by Jean Baptiste Joanne-Rousseray, of Paris, in the Republic
of France.
This Invention consists of a ladder composed of three. wooden supports or
uprights, each formed of two sections, one sliding on the other, the three top
sections being united at their upper extremities to a central platform, upon which
a box or chamber of sheet metal is formed for the fire-man to direct the hose, and
to facilitate the escape of people in the case of fire, or for the workman when
the ladder is employed for building or other similar purposes.
The ladder can be adapted to any incline or to a flat surface, as the feet of the
three lower sections of the supports can be separately adjusted and fixed by means
of pegs. These feet recede from each other as the top sections are raised, and
move towards each other when the top sections are lowered. A small wheel is
mounted on a pivot at the foot of each lower section, and can be turned in any
direction, by means of a pivotted handle, so as to facilitate the moving of the
ladder in any desired direction.
In order to raise or lower the top sections of the supports, and with them the
platform and box or chamber, a winch is fitted near the bottom end of each lower
section, and a rope from the drum of the winch passes up over a system of pulleys,
arranged at the top end of cach lower section, and at the bottom end of each top
section, the upper end of the rope being secured to a fixed point. A stop is fitted
to the drum of the winch, so as to enable its movement to be stopped, and
consequently the height of the ladder to be regulated as desired.
The sliding surfaces of the two sections are provided with small rollers, so as to
reduce the friction as much as possible.
When the ladder is open to its full extent, that is, when the top part is raised
to its highest position, the bottom ends of the lower sections are connected

page_text: together by iron rods, which hook into eyes placed beside the drums of the
winches.
On the top of the ladder are fixed two arms with pulleys at their outer ends,
over which cords pass to enable any objects to be raised to the man in the box
or chamber on the platform. One cord may be used for raising and lowering a
cage or basket for enabling people rescued from a fire to be lowered to the ground,
and the other for raising the hose.
So as to give greater rigidity to these arms they are connected by tie-rods to
the platform or base of the box or chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SWIVELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Albert Vaughton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February 1880.
THOMAS ALBERT VAUGHTON, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Jeweller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SWIVELS."
My Invention relates principally to swivels used for connecting watches to
watch chains, and my said Invention consists of the improvements herein after
described, whereby a watch is more securely connected to its chain than by the
use of the ordinary swivel. Although my Invention is especially applicable to
swivels for watches, yet it is also applicable to swivels for other purposes.
In making a swivel according to my Invention I form the loop or rotating ring
of the swivel, and connect it with the body of the swivel in the ordinary way, the
body of the swivel consisting of an open elastic hook instead of a hook capable of
opening and closing as commonly employed. To the back of the hook or body a
cross metallic band is fixed, the ends of the said band being turned into a tubular
form. In these short tubes or eyes the two parallel branches of a wire doubled at
its middle are inserted and slide. The said two parallel arms or branches of the
doubled wire are parallel to the axis of the swivel. The lower part of the doubled
wire containing the bend is turned at right angles or thereabouts to the other part.
One of the tubes or eyes in which the parallel arms slide is open at its inner side,
so that when the arms are pressed together the arm in the open tube or eye can
pass out, and the folded wire can then turn upon the other arm. The arms are
prevented from sliding out of the tubes by small knobs at their onds.
In using the swivel to protect a watch the loop or rotating ring is attached to
the chain in the ordinary way. The arm of the doubled wire capable of removal
from its tube is removed therefrom. The lower part of the doubled wire can now
be hooked around the neck of the pendant of the watch. The arm of the doubled
wire is now replaced in its tube, and the hook of the swivel is by a sliding motion
engaged with the ring of the watch. The watch is thus held by the book of the
swivel engaging with the ring of the watch, and by the doubled wire engaging
with the neck of the pendant of the watch.
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR NAILING BOXES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November 1880.
A communication from abroad by Joseph Henry Swift, of Brooklyn, King's
County, in the State of New York, in the United States of America.
BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and Mills, of 23,
" IMPROVE-
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent:
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR NAILING BOXES." A communication from abroad by
Joseph Henry Swift, of Brooklyn, King's County, in the State of New York, in the
United States of America.
The said improvements are constructed upon a frame consisting chiefly of two
standards connected to each other by cross rods or braces.
In front of the machine attached thereto is an adjustable platform upon which
the box to be nailed, or a section thereof, is placed and held against an upright
back.
The nails are fed to the machine through nail tubes leading from the top of the
machine to nail guides or ways forming a part of a number of nail die holders.
The dies within the die holders each consists of two parts held together by
springs placed between the sections of the dies and the die holders.
Above the dies within the die holders are plungers adapted to slide down in the
die holders and drive the nails through them into the box, the dies being opened by
the nails.
In another modification the die holders serve only as a passage for the nails, the
dies being placed beneath and opened by positive mechanism instead of by
the nail.
The said die holders are arranged and made adjustable upon a carrying bar that
reaches across the machine, passing through the die holders in front of the dies,
sustaining said die holders immediately over that part of the box in process of
being nailed.
The platform aforesaid is adjusted at any desired height by an adjusting rod
arranged behind the die blocks in the centre of the machine.
The plungers are operated by a reciprocating cross-head which has a groove
formed in the face thereof, open at both ends, in which groove are inserted the
heads of the plungers.

page_text: The plunger cross-head is reciprocated by a revolving crank fixed on the main
shaft of the machine, the said crank giving motion to the cross-head through
toothed segments, and links or levers, or otherwise.
To start and stop the machine a friction clutch and a brake, with or without a
notched stop wheel are employed, the brake and clutch being operated alternately
by a lever communicating with a handle or treadle. When a stop-wheel is used it is
placed on a shaft running at a lower speed than that which carries the clutch and
driving pulley.
For rapid work there is combined with the nailing machine a nail feeder, to the
under plate of which feeder the nail tubes connect. at the top of the machine.
The nails placed upright in perforations formed in an intermittently moving
plate or endless chain are automatically deposited in perforations in the under plate
corresponding to the number of nail tubes employed, and pass thence into the nail
tubes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ACCUMULATORS, AND IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING HYDRAULIC POWER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Wadsworth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1880.
ALFRED WADSWORTH, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN ACCUMULATORS, AND IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING
HYDRAULIC POWER."
In performing my Invention I apply the pressure downwards instead of upwards
as is now customary, and I make use of an accumulator provided with a table
which fits inside the accumulator. This table slides on a centre rod or pillar to
keep it steady; to the table are connected rods which pass through stuffing boxes
in the top and bottom of the accumulator; to the top rods are attached chains
passing over pulleys and then completely round two sprocket wheels (one at
each side of the accumulator), and then are connected to the bottom rods. On the
outside of the two sprocket wheels and connected to them are two other sprocket
wheels, all revolving loose on their shafts; the outer sprocket wheels are connected
together by an endless crossed chain to ensure a simultaneous action at each side
of the table. On one of the sprocket wheel shafts, which is the first motion shaft,
is keyed a pinion working into a spur wheel keyed on to another shaft, on which
is also keyed a pinion working into a spur wheel on the first motion shaft, and
fixed to and revolving with the two sprocket wheels. When the first motion shaft
revolves in one direction the table is raised and allows the accumulator to be filled
with water, the motion is then reversed to compress the water and give the power
required. By means of my improvements the requisite pressure is obtained with
much less power than is possible in accumulators of the present construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING SPILES AND VALVES FOR CASKS OR OTHER CLOSED VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan, Richard Crocker,
and Richard Brett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
20th August 1880.
WILLIAM MORGAN, Agent, RICHARD CROCKER, Plumber, and RICHARD BRETT,
Timber Merchant, all of the Town of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING SPILES AND VALVES FOR CASKS OR OTHER
CLOSED VESSELS."
This Invention has reference to spiles and valves used in casks or other closed
vessels from which the contents in a liquid state are drawn at intervals or
otherwise. In carrying out this Invention we make the said spiles and valves of
wood, metal, or other suitable material. The object of this Invention is, first, to
allow the escape from the casks or vessels of any gasses, &c., caused by
fermentation, chemical action, or otherwise; secondly, to allow the automatic
admission of atmospheric air or other gasses above the liquid in the vessel from
which such liquid is being drawn. We prefer to make the improved spile and valve
of a form resembling the letter T but hollow, the opening at end of lower limb
being connected to the cask or vessel which is being drawn from; at one end of
upper cross limb is inserted a porous plug or other means of allowing the escape
of the gasses, &c., mentioned above, such opening or other means being hermetically
closed when necessary; at the opposite end of the top limb is fitted a small valve
opening inwards, and may be kept closed by a spring or otherwise, except when
the liquid is being drawn from the said cask or closed vessel, at which times a
partial vacuum will be formed above the liquid, and thus cause the valve to open
and admit of atmospheric air or other gasses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SECURING BOTTLES OR VESSELS IN BINS OR SUCH LIKE RECEPTACLES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ÅDAPTED TO SECURING DOCUMENTS AND OTHER ARTICLES IN RECEPTACLES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Bedborough at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1880.
"
ALFRED BEDBOROUGH, of 18, Abingdon Street, Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, Architect. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SECURING BOTTLES OR
VESSELS IN BINS OR SUCH LIKE RECEPTACLES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ÅDAPTED
TO SECURING DOCUMENTS AND OTHER ARTICLES IN RECEPTACLES."
At present bottles or other vessels are secured in bins or suitable receptacles by
means of gates or doors turning on hinges, and capable of being locked when
closed.
According to my Invention a frame of bars, or other closing means adopted for
operating as the gate or door, is applied with capability of being slided vertically
or horizontally, and so that at one time the passage may be clear for introduction
or removal of bottles or other vessels, and at another time such passage may be
closed, and the closing means then locked to prevent access for removal of the
bottles or vessels.
Such frames of bars or other suitable sliding closing means is also applicable
to securing closed the lids or covers of receptacles for documents or other articles.
The sliding of the frame of bars or other form of closing means adopted over or
clear of the passages to be protected or secured, so that one fastening will secure
the whole of a series of separate receptacles without the necessity for separate
locks to each, is readily effected in either direction by a lever or winch handlo.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS USED IN THE BOTTLING OF LIQUORS AND LIQUIDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Stanley Willoughby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1880.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY, of Stockport, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS USED IN THE BOTTLING OF
LIQUORS AND LIQUIDS."
My Invention relates to the syphons which constitute part of apparatus used in
the bottling of wines, liquors, and spirits. Such syphons are ordinarily so mounted
as that when a bottle is placed upon the longer leg of the syphon the weight keeps
the syphon in position to cause the flow of liquor, but when the bottle is removed
the said leg rises, and the flow censes. The syphon should remain full of liquor
until another bottle is placed upon it, but in some cases the syphon loses its charge,
and it is necessary to recharge it by applying the mouth to the end of the syphon.
To avoid the necessity for such application of the mouth is the object of my Invention.
I attach to or connect with the syphon a hollow elastic vessel or ball, made of
caoutchouc or other suitable material, and when it is necessary to charge the syphon,
I compress the said vessel and close the orifice at the outer end of the syphon. On
releasing the said vessel, its expansion has the effect of creating a partial vaccum in
the syphon, and it thereby becomes charged. I may screw or fix the elastic vessel
to the syphon or apply it thereto when its action is required. I prefer to provide a
chamber of glass or other suitable material between the elastic vessel and the
syphon, so that the liquor need not enter the said vessel. In place of the elastic
vessel, a chamber having an elastic diaphragm, or a diaphragm or piston acted upon
by means of a spring, may be employed, but I prefer to use a hollow ball, as
being a simple appliance.
AN IMPROVED NON-PNEUMATIC SELF FEEDING AND DISCHARGING SKEP
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Reginald Parkes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1880.
CHARLES REGINALD PARKES, of East Ferry Road, Engineering Works, Millwall.
"AN IMPROVED NON-PNEUMATIC SELF FEEDING AND DISCHARGING SKEP."
This skep or bucket is suitable for loading and discharging grain, mud, and other
substances.
The machine consists of a cylinder, which may either form the bucket or be
fixed inside the bucket itself. This cylinder is fitted with an air tight piston and
piston rod, to which the crane chain is attached.
The bottom of the bucket is provided with doors, either sliding or working on
pivots or hinges. These doors may be either opened and closed automatically or
worked by suitable mechanism, and they may be provided with counterweights if
necessary. The piston is also provided with air valves, and the cylinder may either
be closed at the top or open.
The action of the machine is as follows:-
The bucket is lowered onto the grain, mud, or other material, and the weight of
the bucket will then be supported by the said material; the piston or plunger and
rod will then descend to the bottom of the cylinder, and at the same time the
valves in the piston or plunger will open to allow the air underneath to escape,
and the doors of the bucket will also open, and a certain amount of material will
enter. As soon as the piston or plunger has reached the bottom of its stroke,
which may be seen by the slackness of the chain attached to the piston rod, the
piston or plunger is raised, closing the air valves connected to it, and the material
will then fill the bucket, either by the suction of the partial vacuum formed in the
bucket and cylinder, or by the pressure of the air on the top of the bucket, and its
own weight forcing it in to the material.
When the piston reaches the top of its stroke the doors are closed, either by the
weight and pressure of the material when the bucket is raised, or by suitable
mechanism connected with the piston rod or piston; the bucket is then ready for
discharging where required.
This is effected by lowering the bucket into a suitable support or rest, that is to
say, the support will press against the doors either directly, or by means of suitable
mechanism; the weight of the bucket pressing on the support through the
medium of the doors will cause the doors to open, and discharge the material.
Shortly, this Invention consists of the exhaustion of the air from a bucket or
cylinder by suitable machinery, the space so exhausted, being filled by the material
to be raised, and the discharging automatically by suitable mechanism.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Hacking and Edward
Grube at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October
1881.
WILLIAM HENRY HACKING, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
and EDWARD GRUBE, Draughtsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
As
Our Invention has for its object in the first place to impart to "fast-reed" looms,
all or some of the advantages possessed by "loose-reed" looms. To this end we
arrange for the warp to be slackened when the shuttle fails to enter the box.
the sley approaches the cloth a finger or feeler feels for the shuttle. This finger is
in connection with a tongue, which during the ordinary working of the loom clears
the end of a catch or trigger, which sustains a lever; the back-rest for the warp is
binged or mounted to swivel or yield at times, so as to slacken the warp. The
aforesaid lever is connected by a link with a lever arm upon the back-rest. When
the shuttle fails to enter the box the end of the tongue is lowered and strikes the
catch, whereby the lever is released and the back-rest swivels, thereby slackening
the warp.
At the same time the movements of the loom are arrested by means of
the stop-rod. The said finger or feeler is sustained or kept out of action by means
of a bowl running on a fixed curve or cam rail during the times when the shuttle
is passing from one box to the other, and is allowed to feel for the shuttle when
the said tongue nears the catch. The aforesaid catch may be arranged to act
directly upon the said link. A second part of our Invention relates to the shedding
motion. For some purposes, as, for example, to produce corded effects, we connect
the tappets with the shaft by means of a releasing and locking clutch, which is
governed in its action by means of a suitable pattern chain or equivalent appliance.
At the times when it may be desirable to make three or more consecutive picks
with the same shed, the tappets are released, and at the same time are locked to
prevent independent movement, and the said tappets then cease to act until the
clutch is moved to re-engage the tappets with the shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VENT PEGS AND SPILE PEGS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Marshall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1880.
HERBERT MARSHALL, of Dewsbury, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VENT PEGS
AND SPILE PEGS."
The object of my Invention is to produce well finished spile and vent pegs in a
more convenient and cheaper manner than hitherto.
My Invention is as follows:-Instead of employing the ordinary lathe as now
used, I mount on a suitable stand or frame a spindle having a holder or recess for
the wood splints from which the vent or spile pegs are to be made. Opposite and in
a line with the recess is a projection or bracket in which a taper or conical hole
is cut of the exact size and form of the required vent or spile peg; a portion of the
conical or taper hole is cut away, preferably longitudinally, so as to admit a knife
or blade which can be set as required.
The wood is then placed in the holder; the spindle being rotated and move.l
forwards, the wood enters the larger end of the conical hole and is cut to the form
required. I also employ a lever working in a guide, and to the guide is fastened
a square or round knife, upon which the wood is placed and cut into the required
size of strip of a uniform thickness for making into spiles or vent pegs.
A series of spindles and knives may be used on one frame.
OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY MEANS OF COMPRESSED AIR, HEATED OR OTHERWISE, OR ON THE HYDRAULIC PRINCIPLE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Stephens and Frederick
Broughton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March
1880.
ROBERT STEPHENS and FREDERICK BROUGHTON, of 18, Green Street, Paddington,
County of Middlesex. "OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY MEANS OF COMPRESSED
AIR, HEATED OR OTHERWISE, OR ON THE HYDRAULIC PRINCIPLE."
The construction of an engine of mechanical construction for obtaining motive
power by compressed air from an engine or machine for giving direct rotary
or reciprocating motion or otherwise to various kinds of machinery, such as
engines, locomotives, marine engines, carriages, tram-cars, tricycles, omnibuses, or
any other vehicle whero steam is or is not used, and consists of an air chamber to
which is attached an air pump, which forces the air into the air chamber, which is
heated by a flame produced by any kind of coal, coke, or any other combustible
material of what kind soever.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the means of performing
and working the same, we would have it understood that we claim the right of
manufacture of a mechanical engine or machine for giving motive power by
compressed air, heated or otherwise, or on the hydraulic principle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Quarmby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th May 1880.
THOMAS QUARMBY, of Linthwaite, in the County of York, Loom Tuner.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates, firstly, to apparatus used in conjunction with the pattern
links of change shuttle box looms; secondly, to improved apparatus for holding
down and steadying the box lever when depressed by the tappet.
The eccentric or tappet part of the links when worn impart less motion to the
connections and lever which slide the box tappet, the latter is thus not moved into
In order to utilize or continue use
proper position until tappet links are renewed.
of worn pattern links, I employ a lever for moving the tappet having one or more
stepped inclined surfaces. A friction bowl in the end of a second pendant lever,
operated by bell crank adjustable connections with the link rods, acts upon one or
both the inclines, so that the wear of the links is by the adjustable connections
and inclined surfaces compensated for; springs are applied to the respective levers
for returning them to their original positions.
For holding down and steadying the box lever I employ a curved or cranked
arm hinged at one of its ends; to the other end is attached a spiral or other spring,
and the curved arm above referred to is passed over and across the lever, which
latter by the arm and spring is held down and steadied.
A NEW SURFACE PRINTING PLATE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Evans and Samuel John
Hodson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June
1890.
EDMUND EVANS, of Raquet Court, Fleet Street, and SAMUEL JOHN HODSON, of
7, Hillmarton Road, in the County of Middlesex. "A NEW SURFACE PRINTING
PLATE"
The object of our Invention is to produce a surface plate suitable for ordinary
letter press printing.
"
For this purpose we take a plate of copper, zinc, steel, or other metal, and lay
upon its surface an ordinary prepared etching ground, over the entire surface of
which we then rule by a machine a series of lines in such a manner as to expose
the metal to the action of the acid afterwards employed for biting it to the required
depth, and thereby to produce the necessary gradation. When the plate is in this
state, a drawing is made upon it by the artist in prepared varnish, or a transfer
taken from stone, wood, or other drawing, etching, or photograph is laid down on
it, and it is subjected to the repeated action of nitric, sulphuric, or other acid, until
a sufficient depth of the metal is bitten away to render it available for printing by
letter press in the same way as an ordinary, wood engraving.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLING AND FULLING MACHINES FOR WOOLLEN AND OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR STOCKING, UNHAIRING, AND SOFTENING HIDES, SKINS, OR LEATHER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Armitage at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1880.
JOSEPH ARMITAGE, of Hanging Heaton, near Dewsbury, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLING AND FULLING MACHINES FOR WOOLLEN AND OTHER
WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
STOCKING, UNHAIRING, AND SOFTENING HIDES, SKINS, OR LEATHER."
My Invention has reference to "stocks" of ordinary construction and is parti-
cularly applicable to those having a horizontal, radial, or direct motion, the
object of it being to simplify the mode of transmitting motion, at the same time
providing, in connection therewith, a simple and effective means for increasing or
reducing the stroke of the "stock" feet, and for this purpose I mount within the
framework a rocking shaft having fixed thereon any required number of arms or
levers, these varying in accordance with the number of "stock" feet. I couple the
arins to the "stock" feet by means of suitable connecting rods. In order to impart
the required rocking motion I mount on the framework a crank shaft which is
caused to revolve by ordinary means, and in order to transmit the rocking motion
to the rocking shaft I employ a connecting rod coupled to the crank at one end,
and to a lever or arm attached to the rocking shaft, and in order to regulate or vary
the stroke of the rocking shaft I make the connecting point between the lever or
arm on the rocking shaft and connecting rod adjustable in such a manner that the
connecting rod may be fixed or coupled to the arm or lever at any required
distance from its centre; this can either be effected by the operator or be self-
acting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINATION OR LETTER Harwich, in the County ofx. Locks
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile du Sart at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1880. A communication from
abroad by Emile Alleboss, of Rue d'Allemagne, Brussels.
EMILE DU SART, of 4, Rue du Pont de la Carpe, Brussels, at present residing at
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINATION OR LETTER
Harwich, in the County of Essex.
Locks." [A communication from abroad by Emile Alleboss, of Rue d'Allemagne,
Brussels.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in combination or letter locks.
The improvements are illustrated by the Drawings annexed.
Figure 1 is a front view, and Figures 2 and 3 show parts which are behind.
a is a central button or handle; its stem engages with a small drum furnished
with two projecting pegs j¹¹ and
b, b, b, b, are alphabetical ratchet buttons; c, a slider actuated by the stem
of the button or handle a, and engaging with the buttons b, b¹, b¹¹, bill.
d, a stump in connection with an ordinary lock, which may, or may not, be
used.
e, screws supporting the double clicks f, f'.
ff, the double vertical clicks.
9, 9, g, g, spring washers, receiving the pivots of the buttons b, 61, 61, 611
h, h, h, h, fingers in connection with the ratchet buttons b, b', 11, 1
1,, axes, against which the springs of the fingers h, h³, h", h, rest.
j, pins projecting from the drum of the central button or handle.
>
,,,, horizontal and vertical bolts moved by the pins of the central
drum.
l, foundation plate.
The door also carries four auxiliary buttons, two of which serve to fasten and
unfasten a small slide in the centre of the door, masking the complete lock, and
the others to put the central handle or button into and out of action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1880. A
communication from Hugo Moeller, of the Firm of Möeller and Schreiber, of
Berlin, in the German Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German Empire.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS." A communication from Hugo
Moeller, of the Firm of Möeller and Schreiber, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
The Invention has for its object the manufacture of finished or half finished
nails from red hot iron bars by passing the latter between rollers, and is more
especially intended for the manufacture of horse shoe nails. The machine consists
chiefly of two pairs of rollers or discs placed at right angles to each other, and
between which the iron bar passes. The edges of these rollers are chamfered so as
to form conical surfaces which touch each other, a rectangular space being left
between them, which varies during the revolution of the rollers corresponding to
the varying section of the nail (being largest at the top thereof and diminishing
gradually towards its point), and as many times as there are nails produced by one
revolution of the rollers. The said rectangular space diminishing during the
revolution of the rollers in the manner required determines thereby the shape of
the nail-shank, while the head of the nail is produced by corresponding recesses in
the circumference of the rollers. One pair of rollers carries cutters, which separate
the finished nail from the iron bar; and as the formation of a new nail commences
immediately afterwards no loss of material occurs by this operation. Motion is
communicated to the rollers by means of bevel wheels, in such a manner that the
rollers draw the iron bar in the same direction, and with the same speed. The
axles of the four rollers revolve in bearings which can be shifted by means of set
screws, and are then fixed to the frame in the required position by bolts and nuts,
an adjustable position of the rollers being necessary in order to maintain the
required contact between the rollers in the centre of the machine. Since tho
contact between two rollers takes place only at a point or a short line, the hot iron
tends to escapo at the four corners into the spaces left by the rollers, which is
prevented by four guard plates attached to the machine frame. These plates fill
with their projecting noses the spaces between the rollers, thus affording a guide

page_text: for the iron bar and allowing the formation of a smooth and sharp edged nail. The
rollers are made of three parts so as to avoid the necessity of using new rollers for
changing the shape or size of nails. The central part is firmly keyed to the roller
shaft, and provided at its circumference with a projection. On the central part is
mounted a steel ring carrying the discs or forms, and held in position on both sides
by the said projection and a projecting plate fastened with screws.
TREATING AND TRANSMUTING WOOD AND OSSEOUS MATERIALS INTO ARTICLES OF UTILITY, INCLUDING WOOD PULP FOR PAPER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Boggett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1880.
WILLIAM BOGGETT, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman.
"TREATING AND TRANSMUTING WOOD AND OSSEOUS MATERIALS INTO ARTICLES
OF UTILITY, INCLUDING WOOD PULP FOR PAPER."
Under the first part of the above title, Letters Patent were granted to me on
the 14th day of February, 1880, No. 663, wherein the primary object in treating
the materials described in the Specification of the said Letters Patent was to bring
them into a finely divided condition.
Now, the main object of this part of my Invention is to supplement the processes
therein described by the use of improvements for that purpose which have not
heretofore been employed with the same object.
These improved processes consist in passing the materials through a machine,
which will comminute them more rapidly and effectually than by any other known
means.
Several desintegrating machines are in use, but I find that Jordan and Son's
pulverizing machines advantageously accomplish the objects of the above mentioned
improvements.
My Invention has also for its object the conversion of pulverized saw-dust and
shavings into pulp suitable for making paper and kindred commodities, by means
of the following processes, namely:-Submitting them to a high temperature in
a digester, boiling in lard oil, and immersing them in diluted acids or other suitable
matters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SLATES AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR, MORE ESPECIALLY FOR GRINDING AND POLISHING THE SAME
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th August 1880. A communication from
abroad by Robert Arthur Coffin, of Slatington, Pennsylvania, United States
America.
SAMUEL JONES, of Glandinorwig, in the County of Carnarvon.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SLATES AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR, MORE ESPECIALLY
FOR GRINDING AND POLISHING THE SAME." A communication from abroad by
Robert Arthur Coffin, of Slatington, Pennsylvania, United States America.
In grinding or reducing the thickness of slates, more especially writing slates or
those for school use, a great amount of power and of the material used for grinding
is expended in the machines now employed.
This Invention is designed to furnish a machine that will take much less power
to drive, and prevent the waste of sand consequent upon the methods at present
adopted.
It consists in passing the slates between a series of rollers covered with emery,
These rollers are
running at a high speed, say, 2000 revolutions per minute.
mounted in pedestals in pairs; I use preferably two pairs of these emery covered
rollers. The slate to be ground or reduced is first passed through a pair of india-
rubber rollers of about two inches and one eighth in diameter, which hold it firmly
and pass it on through the first pair of the emery covered rollers, which can be set
at any required distance apart by strips inserted between their steps; a second pair
of india-rubber rollers receive it as it comes from between the emery rollers, and
hold it while the latter part of the slate is being ground. The slate is thus in
succession passed through two or more pairs of etnery covered rollers, the emery
varying in degree of fineness at each succeeding pair, and, lastly, to polish it, the
slate is passed through a set of rollers similarly arranged, but covered with india-
rubber. These india-rubber rollers revolve in a trough of water, into which is
stirred flour of emery, pumice stone, or other finely comminuted abrasive substance,
which give the slates a fine polish and finish.
To prevent the rollers scratching the slates, I give them a lateral motion by
means of a connecting link attached by a stud to the pedestal and driven from an

page_text: eccentric, the top roller moving to the right when the bottom one is moving to the
left. The small india rubber rollers are driven by means of a shaft and worm
wheels, the shaft running the length of the machine.
The rollers I prefer to use are of wood mounted on an iron shaft and covered
immediately below the emery with india-rubber of about half an inch in thickness,
which renders them less rigid on the surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DUMB-BELLS.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December 1880.
A communication from abroad by Jean Marie Alfred Despagnat, of Melun,
in the Republic of France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors
of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DUMB-BELLS.' A communication from abroad by Jean Marie
Alfred Despagnat, of Melun, in the Republic of France.
وو
The Invention relates to dumb-bells or, apparatus for exercising the muscles of
the arms, and commonly made of a handle provided with a heavy ball at each end.
The improvements consist in making the handle of an iron bar having a hook at
each end for suspending a sand bag of variable weight. This sand bag is preferably
made of strong linen, and in the shape of a double bottle, suspended in the centre
like a saddle (one bottle hanging down on each side). The sand is introduced into
the bag through a narrow longitudinal slit placed in the centre of the underside.
By increasing or decreasing the quantity of sand in the bags, the weight of the
dumb-bell may be varied as desired. This construction also diminishes the price
and increases the facility of transport.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR CUTTING SPICE OR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1880. A communication
from abroad by Alexander Peithmann, of Freiburg, in Baden, in the German
Empire.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR CUTTING SPICE OR OTHER MATERIALS."
A communication from abroad by Alexander Peithmann, of Freiburg, in Baden,
in the German Empire.
The improvements are specially intended for grinding nut megs or other spice,
but may also be used for other substances, and consist in pressing the material to
be ground or cut against a revolving disc having sharp projections, or against
revolving cutters by turning a screw spindle provided with a piston or plate,
between which and the grinding surface the material to be cut or ground is placed.
For producing very small quantities it is preferred to construct the apparatus with
a cylindrical casing, and to attach the grinding surface to the hollow cover of the
same while the spindle is turned by hand from the other end, and the piston moves
in a chamber parallel to the axis of the casing. The cover is turned to and fro by
hand, and the grinding surface kept clean by a brush which touches a part of
the same, the product being removed from the apparatus through an opening in the
cover. Instead of moving the piston by hand it may be made to advance by the
motion of the cutting disc, the latter being attached to the end of the spindle, the
axial motion of which is prevented by a bearing or bearings, while the piston forms
a nut and is guided in a straight line. The casing in which the working parts are
enclosed may be placed vertical and made in two parts, the material being inserted
at the top and withdrawn at the bottom, or it may be placed horizontal and
provided at the top with an opening (to be closed by a slide) through which the
materials are introduced, while the product is withdrawn through a bottom opening
near one end of the casing. The spindle may be turned by hand, by a crank, or by
a pulley, or in any other suitable way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF DRIVING PROPELLERS MADE UP OF Two SCREWS ON CONCENTRIC SHAFTING, SO AS TO ALLOW OF DIFFERENT PITCHES BEING USED IN THOSE TWO SCREWS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Spruyt de Bay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1880.
CHARLES SPRUYT DE BAY, of 9, Victoria Chambers, Victoria Street, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MODE OF DRIVING
PROPELLERS MADE UP OF Two SCREWS ON CONCENTRIC SHAFTING, SO AS TO
ALLOW OF DIFFERENT PITCHES BEING USED IN THOSE TWO SCREWS."
My Invention consists in improvements in the mode of driving propellers made
up of two screws on concentric shafting, so as to allow of different pitches being
used in those two screws.
In driving two screws on concentric shaftings it is necessary to use a hollow
shaft surrounding the solid one, the movement in contrary directions of those two
shafts, one the solid one, the other the hollow one, is given, that to the solid shaft
by the main shaft, from the engine of which it is only a continuation at a reduced
diameter, that (the movement) to the hollow shaft by first transmitting the
movement of the main shaft to an auxiliary one placed parallel to and above. the
main one, which may be done by having those two shafts, the main one and the
auxiliary one cranked, thus having given to the auxiliary shaft its rotary movement
in the same direction as that of the main shaft, it is transmitted in a contrary
direction to the hollow shaft by means of two spur wheels, one on the auxiliary
shaft and one on the hollow shaft. If these two spur wheels are of the same
diameter the number of revolutions of each shaft will be the same, but if the
diameters of these spur wheels are not the same, then one of the shafts will make
a number of revolutions smaller than the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN FURNACES USED IN THE METALLURGY OF COPPER, AND IN THE METHOD OF VARYING THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIBILITY OF COPPER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1880. A com-
munication from abroad by Jules Garnier, of Paris, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN FURNACES USED IN THE
METALLURGY OF COPPER, AND IN THE METHOD OF VARYING THE ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIBILITY OF COPPER." [A communication from abroad by Jules Garnier,
of Paris, France.]
The first part of this Invention relates to the employment of basic linings in
furnaces used in the metallurgy of copper. When black copper is treated in the
reverberatory furnace, the iron and other metals more readily oxidizable than
copper are eliminated in the form of oxides, but the silicious lining of the furnace
becomes rapidly attacked, especially if a high temperature be employed.
This Invention has for its object to prevent this rapid deterioration of the
furnace, and to this end it consists in lining the reverberatory or other furnaces in
which the operations of refining and toughening copper are performed with a basic
material, such as lime, magnesia, calcined dolomite, bauxite, &c., made into bricks or
merely laid on with or without the addition of binding materials. When the
furnace is thus provided with a basic lining the elimination of the impurities
contained in the copper, such as bismuth, lead, manganese, iron, sulphur, arsenic,
antimony, and phosphorus, severally or collectively, is much more rapidly effected
by contact with the oxides, &c., forming the bed of the furnace, and this without
deterioration of the furnace.
The second part of this Invention has for its object to improve or reduce the
electrical conductibility of copper according to the purpose for which it is to be
used. It is known that copper containing a small proportion of oxygen is a poor
conductor of electricity, and this Invention consists in eliminating the last trace of
oxygen contained in the copper, and thus greatly improving its conductibility by
adding to the copper in the reverberatory furnace, just before tapping, phosphorus
in the form of phosphide of copper or other suitable phosphorus compound in
proper proportion to eliminate the excess of oxygen.
It is also known that copper sheathing is rapidly destroyed by galvanic action,
and it is evident that if the conductibility of the copper be lessened it will last
longer. Now the presence of phosphorus in copper renders the latter
a poor
conductor of electricity, the proportion of phosphorus being such as not to effect the
malleability of the copper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH PLOUGHS FOR PLOUGHING LAND
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hancock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1880.
RICHARD HANCOCK, of Dean, Westdown, Ilfracombe, in the County of Devon.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH PLOUGHS FOR PLOUGHING LAND."
This Invention relates to improvements in and connected with ploughs for
ploughing land.
In ploughs of ordinary construction one coulter or knife is employed with one
moulding brest, by which the furrow is turned over in a mass, which requires
inuch labor in cutting up or pulverising, but by my improvements the furrow is
cut up into slices before it is turned over by the moulding brest, thus saving
considerable labor in preparing the land for the seed after the operation of ploughing
is completed.
My improvements consist in fixing to or fitting to the beam or other portion of
the plough in front of the moulding brest two or more knives or coulters (I propose
to use four knives for some descriptions of land), the said knives or coulters being
placed side by side in, one plane or otherwise in such a manner as that they will
cut the furrow into slices corresponding to the number of knives employed. The
knives can be straight or of other suitable form, and can have cutting edges in
front only, or may be made with cutting edges back and front, so as to be
reversible.
As a modification of the above described improvements and for some descriptions
of land the knives or coulters may be circular, revolving freely on axes fixed to
the beam or other portion of the plough; or, as a further modification, the said
circular knives or coulters may be rotated by any ordinary arrangement of spur,
rope, or frictional gearing from the leading wheel or other wheel of the plough, the
said wheel being rotated on the land as the plough is moved by horse or other
power as ordinarily employed.