Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Aug., 1888
Specification Accepted, 9th Nov., 1888
A communication from JAMES FRANCIS MCLAUGHLIN, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
United States of America, Electrician.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
M.I.M.E. do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has reference to improvements in electrical type-writers which are
adapted for use in connection with a suitable local transmitter as recorders of outgoing
messages sent by said transmitter over a line to a distant station; and also as receivers
of incoming messages sent to the home station by a suitable transmitter located at a
distant station. In addition to this the improved apparatus may be used for the
same purposes as an ordinary mechanical type-writer but its operation differs from
the latter in that the printing is effected electrically.
The transmitter used in connection with this improved type-writer is preferably of the
character described in Letters Patent No. 7202 dated 17th May 1887; but other
suitable transmitters operating upon the same principle, may be used without
departing from this invention.
In other pending applications numbered 12063, 12064 and 12065 filed of even date
herewith I have shown and described the fundamental features thus briefly defined, and
this present invention has reference to improvements in the construction of the more
essential parts of the apparatus, whereby the functions of the same are performed,
with greater ease and certainty.
In the accompanying drawings which form a part of this specification I have
illustrated this invention with special regard to clearness, and have omitted such
parts as are not necessarily parts of these present improvements, but the co-operation
of which with the latter will be easily understood by those skilled in the art. Other
parts of the apparatus are only indicated diagrammatically or by conventional signs,
as will appear from the detailed description.

page_text: Fig. 1 represents a side elevation, partly in section, of this improved type-writer.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a portion of this improved type-writer connected with
the local transmitter.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a part of the improved type-wheel.
Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the same.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of portion of the lever support.
Fig. 7 a like view of the casting serving as a support for the stop levers and for the
magnets actuating the same, and
Fig. 8 is an elevation of the gearing connecting the synchronal motor with the
transinitter and type-writer.
The general arrangement of the apparatus will more clearly appear from
Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
Upon the base plate 1 of insulating material the various parts of the apparatus are
assembled. They consist in the main of a key-board, a rotary type-wheel controlled
thereby, a printing lever or mallet, type and line-spacing mechanism, and electro-
magnets actuating the several parts. The key-board is arranged in two sections 22
each of which consists of a casting 3 with key-levers 4, 4' pivotted therein. Each key-
lever corresponds to a letter, numeral or punctuation mark used in writing, and is
provided with a button 5 having such letter etc., marked upon its face as in ordinary
mechanical type-writers; the two sections of the key-board are separated from each
other by a space, the width of which is adapted to the construction of the other parts
of the apparatus which are hereinafter described.
At the outer ends of the castings 3,3 are standards 6,6 which form the frame of
the apparatus, and support the bearings 7,7 of the shafts 8, 8 of two cylinders or
drums 9, 9. Each cylinder extends from one of the standards to about the inner end
of its corresponding casting 3, and in the space between the inner ends of these
cylinders is located a type-wheel 10 which may be of any ordinary or improved
construction, but which is preferably constructed as hereinafter more fully described.
As will be seen in fig. 2 the type-wheel is mounted upon a portion 11 of main
shaft of both cylinders, and is secured thereon so that when the drums are rotated,
the type-wheel will rotate with them.
The standards 6 are of such height as to support the cylinders a suitable distance
above the base plate as shown; and they are also provided with V-shaped guide-bars 12
for supporting and guiding the carriage 12' of the type-writer by means of a grooved
roller as shown. The drums 9,9 are preferably made of metal, and they are provided
with a series of stops 13 arranged helically upon the surface of the drums and the
position of each stop corresponds to the position of one of the levers of the
two sections of the key-board and it also corresponds to one of the types upon
the type-wheel.
The castings 3 have the general shape of an I-rail; they are constructed with a
base 14 by which they are secured to the base-plate 1, a central stand 15, two lateral
branches 16, 16, and a central bearing branch 17. The central bearing branch is
divided by slots 18 into a number of lugs; and perforations 19 passing in a single line
through the lugs serve for the reception of a pivot rod passing through all of them,
and upon this rod are pivotted the key-levers, 4, 4' which are received in the slots 18.
Each alternate key-lever is curved upwardly from its outer end; it then extends in a
straight line through and beyond one of the slots in the casting 3 and is then again
curved upwardly and terminates in an upwardly curved projection 20 which engages
with a downwardly curved arm 21 formed at the end of a corresponding stop lever 22
pivotted in a bracket 23. Between these key-levers are others, the front arms of
which terminate with the straight portions of said levers, to which the type-buttons
are secured; thus, while there is only a single row of key-levers in each section of
the key-board, there are two parallel rows of type-buttons as is clearly shown in
the drawing.
From the construction thus far described it follows: that, if a key-lever is depressed
by hand, one of the lateral branches 16, of casting 3, will form its front stop, and if

page_text: the lever is rocked in the opposite direction, the other lateral branch 16, of casting 3,
will form its back stop. Each lever is normally held in contact with its back stop by
a counter weight or swelling 20' formed under the projection 20. Thus, if any
one of the key-levers is first depressed in front and is then released, the
weight 201 will return such lever automatically to its normal position in contact
with its back stop.
While this construction is found very convenient and preferable to others, it
will be clear that in place of the weight 20¹ a retractile spring might be used.
There are two castings 23 each corresponding to one of the castings 3 and parallel
with the latter; each casting 23, is fastened by screws passing through a flange 24
formed at its lower edge, to the platform, and it terminates on top in a slotted plate 25
which is at right angles to flange 24. The slots 25¹ are equal in number and
correspond to the stop-levers 22, and serve as a means for securing electro-
magnets, for actuating the stop-levers, to casting 23. This slotted plate 25 is joined
to flange 24 by a web 23¹, and at the juncture of the two extends a rib 26 parallel
with flange 24, and projecting from the main body of the casting. The outer edge of
this rib 26 resembles in general outline the shape of an upwardly curved hook and is
divided into lugs 27 which correspond each to one of the lugs on the central bearing
branch 17 of casting 3. These lugs however are joined at the upper edges by
a web 271 which is cast in one piece with the lugs as is clearly shown in
fig. 7.
The stop-levers 22 are pivotted upon a rod passing through all the lugs of rib 26,
and the parts are so proportioned and arranged that in its normal position, the vertical
arm of each lever 22 leans forward and is arrested by web 27¹.
When one of the
k-y-levers is depressed in front, its projection 20 by engaging the arm 21 of its
corresponding stop-lever, will tip the vertically extending arm of lever 22 rearwardly
until the same arrested by contact with the surface of one of the cylinders 9, and
when the key-lever is released, its projection 20 by disengaging the arm 21 of its
stop lever, will allow the latter to move to its original position under the influence
of the weight of the arm 21 which for this purpose is made comparatively thick
and heavy.
The normal position of the lever 22 (shown in solid lines in Fig. 1) is insured by so
distributing the weight of said lever that its centre of gravity is at all times to the left
hand side of its fulcrum (as seen in view shown in fig. 1) and this may be effected
either by making the arm 21 sufficiently heavy, as stated above, or in any other
suitable manner.
upon
The web 27¹ in each casting 23 constitutes the front stop for each of the levers 22
mounted in that casting, and the surface of the cylinders 9, 9 constitutes the corre-
sponding back stop; and it will now be seen that when a key-lever 4 or 4¹ is its
front stop, the corresponding stop-lever will be upon its back stop, while when a key-
lever is upon its back stop, the corresponding stop-lever will be upon its front stop.
The latter is the normal position, and in this position the vertically extending arms of
the stop levers are all in one plane, which plane slightly inclines from the vertical, and
their upper ends are all in one straight line parallel to the axis of the cylinders. In
addition to the weight of the arm 21, a spring 26¹ is secured to the rib 26, and bearing
with its free end against the lever 22, is employed for returning each of the said
levers to its normal position. The upper end of each lever 22 is faced upon its inner
side, where it makes contact with the surface of the cylinder 9, with a strip of
insulating material 22¹.
The metallic stops 13 upon each cylinder are arranged upon a helical line, and are
so spaced longitudinally that whenever a key-lever is depressed the corresponding
stop lever will intercept with its metallic portion one of these stops and will stop the
cylinders and the type-wheel rotating with the same. There are, therefore, as many
stops upon each cylinder, as there are key-levers to the corresponding section of the
key-board; and the number of types upon the type-wheel is equal to the total number
of key-levers. In addition to this, there is a spacing lever which occupies the place of
a key-lever; this spacing lever is constructed exactly like a key-lever, and has its

page_text: corresponding stop lever 2211 which corresponds to one of the stop levers, made shorter
than any one of the latter, so that when the spacing lever is depressed, lever 22" will not
make contact with the cylinder (being too short for that) but will strike against the
end of a metallic pin 26 secured to, but insulated from, slotted plate 25, of casting 23,
as is clearly shown in figs. 1 and 3. There is, therefore, no stop 13 upon the cylinders 9
and no type upon the type-wheel corresponding to the spacing key, the function
of the latter and its co-operation with pin 26" will be hereinafter more fully
described.
A printing lever or mallet 100, with its striking head 27¹¹ of soft rubber, or other
elastic material facing the periphery of the type-wheel is pivotted to the frame 29;
one arm 28, of this lever carries an armature 30, of an electro-magnet 31, so that
when the latter is energized, the armature will be attracted and the head of the
mallet will strike upon the rim of the type-wheel, and if a sheet of paper 101 is
interposed between the type-wheel and the head of the printing lever, the letter,
numeral, or other character formed upon that part of the type-wheel which happens to
face the printing lever, will be printed upon such paper. The types upon the type-
wheel are so spaced, and are in such sequence, that if a key or key-lever marked
with a certain letter or character is depressed, and the rotating cylinders are stopped
by the interception of one of the stops 13 by the stop lever corresponding to the
depressed key, the same letter or character upon the type-wheel will face the head of
the printing lever. This same letter or character upon the type-wheel will, therefore,
be printed upon the paper if the magnet 31 be energized at the proper time; and if
a word or sentence be spelled out by the successive depression of the proper keys,
this word or sentence will be printed upon the paper as in ordinary mechanical type-
writers.
The arm 100 of the printing lever is curved as shown, to bring its centre of gravity
to one side of the fulcrum 32, and an adjustable stop-screw 33 in a standard 34 limits
the outward movement of the printing lever and armature; it constitutes the back
stop of the printing lever. The carriage 12' which supports the paper 101 is indicated
in Fig. 1, but for the sake of clearness of illustration, the letter and line-spacing
mechanism is not shown in the drawing. Electro-magnets 35, 36, however, which
actuate the letter- and line-spacing mechanism are shown in conventional signs in
fig. 3. It is not necessary here to describe these magnets and their adjuncts any
further than to say that they are designed to move the carriage after each imprint
into a position for the paper to receive the next imprint, and to shift the
paper after
the completion of a line into a position to receive another line of writing.
To one end of the common shaft 8 of the cylinders 9, 9, is secured a bevelled
gear 38 meshing with another bevelled gear 39, keyed to a vertical shaft 40, which is
driven by a suitable motor, not shown, in unison with a similar shaft in an apparatus
constructed substantially like the one here described, located at a distant station. The
synchronal motor is not here shown, but it will be understood that I may use any
ordinary or improved motor of that kind, although it is preferable to use the synchronal
motor secured to me by Letters Patent No. 11200 dated 16th August 1887. Another
bevelled gear 41 (see fig. 8) also meshes with bevelled gear 39 and drives the shaft 42
which in turn gives motion to shaft 43 of the transmitter 102 (see fig. 3) constructed
substantially in accordance with the Letters Patent No. 7202 of 1887.
Upon reference to said Letters Patent it will be seen that the central shaft which
corresponds to shaft 43 shown in this case, carries a trailing brush which makes
contact successively with a number of circularly arranged contact plates, and that a
number of type-keys constituting the key-board are arranged above the contact plates,
and are adapted, upon being depressed, to stop the trailing brush in contact with the
corresponding contact plate, and to establish electrical connections with a line pro-
ceeding from each key, or from springs connected therewith.
In the diagrammatic representation of the transmitter shown in Fig. 3, the lines 104,
proceeding from the same, are shown connected with the springs 103, which are
supposed to establish connection with segmental contact plates located below the same,
if depressed by the operation of a key arranged above said spring. The trailing

page_text: brush is indicated in dotted lines at 105 and in addition thereto there is shown a
brush 106 bearing upon the shaft 43 and connected with switch arm 107 by a con-
ductor 108. This switch arm is adapted to make contact with two buttons 109
and 110, which constitute the terminals of an electro-magnet 111 and button 110 is
also connected with the line going to the distant station.
By reference to the said Letters Patent 7202 of 1887 it will also be seen that to
the central shaft of the transmitter is secured a disc of soft iron, and that this disc
rotating with the said central shaft extends between the two poles of an electro-magnet
When this electro-
which corresponds to electro-magnet 111 shown in this case.
magnet is energized by the passage of a current through its coil one part of the
magnetic disc is suddenly surrounded by a dense magnetic field, and its motion will
be ordinarily retarded by the resistance of said field; and if the electro-magnet is
powerful enough, the passage of the disc through the magnetic field of the same will
be arrested.
In pursuance of the objects of this invention the electro-magnet 111 is made strong
enough to arrest the motion of the iron disc through its field of force whenever a
suitable current is passed through its magnetizing coil, and the construction herein
described is specially adapted to aid this operation.
In other applications Numbered 12063, 12064 and 12065 filed of even date here-
with are shown electrical type-writers serving the same purpose as that herein shown,
and among other features similar to those found in the present invention there is also
the transmitter herein indicated with a magnetic dise moving through a magnetic
field; but in those other applications there is in addition, a disc of comparatively
large diameter driven by the shaft and provided with stops corresponding to the
stops 13 upon the cylinders 9 shown in this case, and the momentum of a disc of
such size as is necessary to provide room for the stops would carry the same and the
magnetic disc, beyond the point where it is necessary to stop it, unless the brake-
magnet (corresponding to inagnet 111 in this case) were very powerful and the
energizing current very strong.
In the construction herein shown a cylinder or cylinders are employed in place of
a disc, and this enables me to reduce the mass set in motion by the shaft to which
the magnetic dise is secured, and to bring that mass closer to the mathematical axis
of rotation. For both reasons the momentum is greatly reduced, and the electro-
magnet 111 may be comparatively weak and will promptly arrest the motion of the
magnetic disc, and the parts connected therewith. The reduction of the momentum
of the rotating parts has also another beneficial effect in that the shock received by
the stop-levers is thereby lessened.
In addition to this, the use of cylinders in place of a disc enables me to place the
stop levers in such position that the direction of the blow of the stop upon the same
will pass through the fulcrums of these levers; the latter may, therefore, be made
comparatively light, without danger of bending; whereas, in the construction with a
dise the stop levers are of necessity arranged to receive the blow of the stops in such
manner as tends to bend these levers.
To plate 25 of casting 23 are secured a series of electro-magnets 44 one for each
stop lever 22, and these stop levers being made of magnetic material constitute the
armatures of magnets 44, as shown, each magnet is secured to plate 25, with its yoke,
by screws passing through the slots 251, or otherwise, and one terminal of each of
these magnets is united to a rod 46 passing through metallic standards 47 while the
other terminals are connected with the local lines 104, 104 connected with the
springs 10% of the transmitter.
The other electrical connections of the apparatus are as follows:
A main battery is connected with one pole to ground, the other pole of which is
connected by a conductor 48 to one of the standards 47. One pole of the local
battery 49 is connected by wire 10 with casting 23, and if any one of the stop levers
intercepts its corresponding stop upon one of the cylinders, the circuit proceeds from
casting 23, by stop lever 22, to the cylinders, by stop 13, and by a collar 51 secured

page_text: at one end of the common shaft of the cylinders, to a brush 52, and by wire 53, to
and through magnet 31, and by wire 54, to a screw 5. From this point the circuit
continues by wire 56, to the spacing magnets 35, 36 and returns by wire 57 to the
other pole of the local battery.
In addition to this, pin 26¹¹ is connected by a conductor 58, with wire 56, which it
joins either at the screw 55, as shown in fig. 1, cr at some other point 59, as shown
in fig. 3.
Before describing the operation of this apparatus, it will be well to have a clear
conception of the relation of the moving parts of the transmitter and type-writer
proper at one end of the line, with the same parts in the similar apparatus at the
other end of the line at the distant station. The apparatus at the two stations are
supposed to be identical in every respect except that the opposite poles of the two
main batteries are connected with the ground and with the line respectively so that
the two batteries are connected in series.
The synchronal motors at the two stations are supposed to rotate shafts 40 in unison,
and the stops upon the cylinders 9 and the types upon the two type-wheels are
supposed to be at both stations in the same relations to the stop levers and to the
heads of the printing levers, so that if a given letter, say the letter "A," upon the
type-wheel at one station, faces the striking head of the printing lever, the same
letter upon the type-wheel at the other station will also face the head of its printing
lever. Besides this, the trailing brushes of the two transmitters will always pass
simultaneously over conducting segments corresponding to the same type-keys of said
transmitters. It should also be remembered that the stops upon the cylinders are so
arranged that if any one of them is intercepted by a stop lever corresponding to a
key-lever, the button of which is marked with a given letter, say the letter "A," the
same letter "A" upon the type-wheel will face the striking end of the printing lever,
and that at the same time the trailing brushes in the transinitters at both stations will
he upon the conducting segments corresponding to the letter "A."
The operation of the apparatus will now be easily understood.
If the apparatus is to be used as a transmitter, switch arm 107 is turned upon
contact button 110 and the message is spelled out by the successive depression of the
type keys of the transmitter. Suppose the type-key bearing the letter "A" upon its
face to be the one which corresponds with the spring marked 103' and that this key
be depressed; by the depression of this key, spring 103¹ is put into electrical con-
nection with one of the segments placed below the same and the trailing arm 105 is
stopped mechanically when the brush carried by the same is in contact with the segment
with which spring 103' is now in electrical connection. All this is supposed to be
understood and is clearly set forth in the aforesaid Letters Patent No. 7202 of 1887.
By the operation thus far described the circuit of the main battery is closed as
follows:
From one pole of said battery by wire 48 to standard 47, and from rod 46 mounted
in said standard, by one of the wires 45, to that magnet 44, which is connected by
local line 104', with spring 103¹, and to the transmitter. After passing through the
coils of this magnet 44, the current proceeds by a local line 104¹ to spring 103¹,
trailing brush and arm 105, shaft 43, contact brush 106, connections 108, switch
arm 107, contact button 110, to the line and distant station, where it traverses the
apparatus there located and returns by ground to the other pole of the battery, in a
manner presently to be described.
.
By the passage of the current through the coils of electro-magnet 44 said magnet is
energized and attracts its armature which is one of the stop levers 22, namely that
stop-lever which corresponds to a stop upon one of the cylinders 9, 9, corresponding
to the letter "A" upon the type-wheel. The said stop lever 22 will now be in
position to intercept its corresponding stop upon one of the cylinders, but this
interception will not be necessary for stopping the cylinder and type-wheel, for the
same have already been stopped with the letter "A" on the type-wheel facing the
printing lever, by the interception and stopping of trailing arm 105 connected with

page_text: shaft 43, which, as has been shown, is geared to the cylinders. But by contact of
stop lever 22 with its corresponding stop 13 a local circuit including the battery 49 is
closed as follows:
From one pole of said battery by wire 50, through casting 23, stop lever 22,
cylinder 9, collar 51, brush 52, and wire 53, to and through electro-magnet 31, and
then by wires 54 and 56 to the spacing magnets 35, 36, from which the current
returns by wire 57, to the other pole of the battery. Magnet 31 being thus energized,
the printing lever 100 is actuated and the letter "A" is printed upon the paper.
This printing lever is somewhat elastic and rebounds from contact with the paper and
type.
Spacing magnets 35, 36 are constructed with a heavy solid core so as to be
sluggish in their action, and acquire their maximum strength some little time after
magnet 31 has been energized; the spacing magnets will therefore, move the carriage
only after the imprint has been made upon the paper.
If now the type-key, which had been depressed at the transmitter, is released, the
line circuit will be broken, magnet 44 will be de-energized, stop lever 22 will be
returned to its front stop by the combined action of the weight of arm 21 and by
spring 261 and the local circuit will be broken; whereby the printing lever is allowed
to assume its normal position against the back stop 33.
If it is desired to make a space between one word of the message and the next, a
key in the transmitter is depressed which is connected by one of the local lines 104,
with such magnet 44 as is in operative relation with the short lever 221 and
which in turn is in operative relation with pin 26 the circuit from the main
battery is then completed through that particular magnet 44 in the manner
berein before described, and the short lever constituting the armature of said magnet,
is attracted and making contact with its back stop 261 it closes a local circuit through
battery 49 as follows
From one pole of said battery by wire 50, and casting 23, to lever 2211. pin 2611
wire 58, either to clamp screw 55, as shown in Fig. 1, or to a point 59 in wire 56, as
shown in Fig. 3, and by wire 56, through the spacing magnets, and by wire 57 back
to the other pole of the battery. Thus, it will be seen, that the printing-magnet 31 is
cut out, while the spacing magnet is energized; the carriage will, therefore, be moved,
making a clear space upon the paper.
if the apparatus is to be used as a receiver, switch arm 107 is turned upon
contact 109, and the incoming electrical impulse will pass from the line to switch
button 110 to and through the coil of magnet 111, and by switch button 169, and the
switch arm, by connection 108, to brush 106, shaft 43, trailing arm 105, and by the
brush connected with said arm, to the segment with which at that time it is in contact.
Now, it will be understood that the brush of the trailing arm at the home station is at
all times in contact with that segment which corresponds to the segment in the
transmitter at the distant station, which at that moment is in contact with its trading
brush. Consequently, if the incoming electrical impulse has been produced by the
depression at the distant station, of the type-key "A" of the transmitter, said impulse
will pass at the home station to the segment corresponding to the type-key "A" in
the home transmitter; and at the same moment, the letter A" upon the type-wheel
will face the striking head of the printing-lever. The incoming electrical impulse will
therefore find the trailing brush upon the segment corresponding to the spring 1031,
and the current will continue over local line 104' to its corresponding magnet 44, and
then by terminal 45 of said magnet to rod 46, standard 47, wire 48 to the main
battery at the home station and to ground.
The printing at the home station is then done precisely in the same manner as in
transmitting; but an additional action takes place by reason of the incoming current
passing through magnet 111, for said magnet being energized, the magnetic disc which
passes through its field of force will be arrested, and will relieve stop lever 22 of a
part, at least, of the shock which it would otherwise receive by the impact therewith
of its corresponding stop upon one of the cylinders.
If the apparatus is to be used for the purpose of an ordinary type-writer, that is
without transmitting electrical impulses over a line, the switch 107, is operated as

page_text: shown in Fig. 3, and the key-board 2, 2 is manipulated similar to the key-board of an
ordinary mechanical type writer. The depression of any one of these keys will bring
its respective stop lever in position to intercept a stop upon one of the cylinders, and
will thereby close a local circuit including the printing magnet 31 and spacing
magnets 35, 36 as can now be traced without difficulty.
It will be noticed that by the construction shown the shock received at the free end
of stop lever when a stop of one of the cylinders is intercepted by the same, passes
through the fulcrum of such lever, and is consequently, not transmitted to the key-
lever; the finger of the operator resting upon the button of the key-lever does not
therefore receive a shock, which greatly adds to the ease and comfort of operation,
and also prevents the bending of the type-levers and the loosening of their pivots.
The type-wheel which it is preferable to use in this improved apparatus, is illustrated
in Figs. 4 and 5.
The shaft 11 upon which the type-wheel is mounted, has a number of segmental
recesses 59 separated from each other by ridges 60. The type-wheel itself is com-
posed of a number of sectors 61 each sector composed of a part of the rim of the
wheel and a segmental part 62 of the hub of the same. The hub portion of each
sector fits exactly into one of the recesses 59 and the projecting inner ends 63 of the
web of the sector overlap each one-half of a ridge 60. When the sectors of a type
wheel are assembled as indicated in Fig. 4, a sleeve 64, having a longitudinal slit, is
passed over the hub segments and is tightened about the same by clamp screws, as
shown. The type-wheel has then the appearance of being made of one piece but may
be removed from the shaft without removing the cylinders 9 9. As shown in the
drawing, each segmental part 62 of the hub, while it fits exactly into one of the
recesses, is thicker than the depth of such recess, and therefore, projects above
the surface of the shaft 11. The sleeve 64 is formed to pass with one half 64' over
the assembled segments 62 while the other half is made of the same diameter as and to
fit the body of the shaft.
The rim of each sector is enlarged to extend on each side beyond the face of the
web, and upon each segmental section of the rim are formed letters of the alphabet,
numerals and other characters, corresponding to the like characters represented by
the key-board of the type-writer proper, and of the transmitter. When the sectors
are united and clamped together by sleeve 64 the rim of the whole wheel has upon its
surface a full complement of all the letters of the alphabet, numerals, punctuation
marks, etc. in types raised above the surface of the rim.
An inking apparatus 65, is mounted upon a post or pillar 66 close to the type-wheel
and with the inking roller 67, in light contact with the raised type; any suitable
form of inking apparatus may however be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is:-
1. An electrical type-writer comprising an electric main line circuit; electro-
magnets severally included in said main line circuit; circuit-controlling mechanism
for directing current through a particular electro-magret; stop-levers severally con-
trolled by said electro-magnets; and mechanical key-levers also for severally
controlling said stop-levers.
2. An electrical type-writer, comprising an electric main line circuit; electro-
magnets severally included in said main line circuit; stop-levers controlled severally
by said electro-magnets; mechanical key-levers also for severally controlling said
stop-levers; and a local circuit operated by a movement of any stop-lever.
3. An electrical type-writer comprising a series of armature-stop-levers; electro-
magnets for severally actuating said stop-levers; a main line circuit including said
electro-magnets; circuit-controlling mechanism for said main-line circuit; a series of
mechanical key-levers also for severally controlling said stop-levers; and a local circuit
controlled by the movement of any stop-lever.
4. An electrical type-writer comprising a series of pivotted armature-stop-levers;

page_text: electro-magnets for severally attracting said stop-levers; a series of mechanical key-
levers for severally actuating said stop-levers; and a revolving cylinder provided with
stops arrested by the movement of any stop-lever.
5. An electrical type-writer comprising a series of pivotted armature-stop-levers;
electro-magnets for severally attracting said stop-levers; circuit-controlling mechanism
for directing current through a particular magnet; a series of mechanical key-levers
severally controlling said stop-levers; and a revolving cylinder provided with stops
arrested by the movement of any stop-lever.
6. An electrical type-writer comprising a series of armature stop-levers; electro-
magnets for severally actuating said stop levers; and included in a main line circuit;
and a series of mechanical key-levers also for severally actuating said stop-levers, in
combination with a transmitter provided with circuit controlling keys for directing
current through a particular electro-magnet; and a local circuit operated by the move-
ment of any stop-lever.
7. An electrical type-writer comprising a series of armature-stop-levers; electro-
magnets for severally actuating said stop-levers; a mechanical key-board also for
severally actuating said stop-levers; and a revolving stop-cylinder arrested by the
actuation of any stop-lever, in combination with a series of circuit closing keys for
directing the current through a particular electro-magnet.
8. An electrical type-writer comprising a series of armature-stop-levers; electro-
magnets for severally actuating said stop-levers; a series of mechanical key-levers also
for severally actuating said stop-levers; a revolving stop-cylinder arrested by the
actuation of any stop-lever; and a local circuit operated also by a movement of any
stop-lever.
9. An electrical type-writer comprising a series of circuit-controlling armature-
stop-levers; electro-magnets for severally attracting said stop-levers; circuit controlling
mechanism and an electric circuit for directing current through a particular electro-
magnet; a series of mechanical key-levers for severally actuating said stop-levers; a
rotary type-wheel and rotary cylinders in fixed relation to each other; contact-stops
upon said cylinders corresponding to types upon the said type-wheel; and a local
circuit including a printing magnet, and controlled by said stop-levers and stops as
specified.
10. In an electrical type-writer, the combination with a rotary type-wheel; and
metallic cylinders rotating with the same provided with metallic contact-stops
corresponding with the types upon said type-wheel; of a circuit-controlling stop-lever
for each stop pivotted to move in the plane of rotation of, and to intercept, the stop ;
an electro-magnet controlling each stop-lever; a mechanical key-lever controlling each
stop-lever; and a local circuit including a printing-magnet, and controlled by said
stop-lever and stops.
11. In an electrical type-writer, the combination with a local circuit including the
electro-magnetic printing mechanism; a series of circuit-controlling stop levers
therefor; and rotary cylinders provided with contact-stops in operative relation, and
corresponding to said stop-levers; of a system of levers controlling the action of
said stop-levers; electro-magnetically; and a system of levers for mechanically
actuating said stop-levers.
12. In an electrical type-writer, the combination of a rotary type-wheel and
cylinders rotating with the same, provided with stops corresponding with the types
upon the wheel; with an independent gravity stop-lever for each stop pivotted to move
in the plane of rotation of the stop, but normally out of contact with the same; an
electro-magnet for each stop-lever, in operative relation to the latter, for moving the
same into the path of its corresponding stop; and a mechanical key-lever also
controlling each stop-lever; substantially as described.
13. In an electrical type-writer, the combination of a type-wheel and cylinders
rotating with the same about a common axis, and provided upon their surfaces with
stops corresponding to the types upon the wheel; with an independent stop-lever
movable about a pivot to intercept the stop at a definite point, said pivot being
located in the line of impact of the stop with the lever; an electro-magnet for each
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page_text: stop-lever for actuating the same; and a mechanical key-lever also controlling each
stop-lever; substantially as described.
14. In an electrical type-writer, the combination of a type-wheel and cylinders
rotating with the same about a common axis, and provided with stops corresponding
to the types upon the wheel; with a stop-lever for each stop; an electro-magnet for
each stop-lever, for controlling the saine electrically; and a key-lever for each
stop-lever controlling the same mechanically; substantially as described.
15. An electrical type-writer comprising a series of armature-stop-levers; electro-
magnets for severally actuating said stop-levers; a series of mechanical key-levers
also for severally actuating said stop-levers; a revolving stop-cylinder arrested
by the actuation of any stop-lever; and a local circuit operated also by a move-
ment of any stop-lever.
16. In an electrical type-writer, the combination of a rotary shaft having a series of
segmental recesses with separating ribs between; with the segmental parts of the
type-wheel with their hub portions seated in the segmental recesses, and with their
edges in contact with each other; and a clamp for securing the sectors together and
to the shaft; substantially as described.
17. In an electrical type-writer, the combination of a rotary shaft, with segmental
recesses, and ribs between; with segmental sections of the type-wheel seated in the
recesses with their radial edges in contact with each other; and a sleeve fitting
over the shaft, and over the hub sections of the type-wheel, for clamping the same;
substantially as described.
18. In an electrical type-writer, the combination of the shaft of a rotating type-
wheel, and the shaft of the transmitter, with a rotary shaft geared, and imparting
motion to both the type-wheel-shaft, and transmitter shaft; and a synchronal motor for
actuating said rotary shaft.
19. In an electrical type-writer, the combination with a transmitting instrument
having a circuit-controlling spacing-key; of a receiving instrument provided with a
circuit-controlling spacing stop-lever; a magnet for actuating said stop-lever and
controlled by the transmitter spacing-key; a fixed contact for said spacing stop-lever;
a local circuit including said stop-lever and fixed contact; and spacing magnets in said
local circuit.
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