In- PROVEMENTS IN STEERING APPARATUS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Paul, of Dumbarton, in the County of
Dumbarton, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "In-
PROVEMENTS IN STEERING APPARATUS."
Sealed the 3rd February 1874, and dated the 7th August 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Paul at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th August 1878.
I, ANDREW PAUL, of Dumbarton, in the County of Dumbarton, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for “IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING APPARATUS," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention relates principally to improvements designed to be
used in combination with portions of the steering apparatus described
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Matthew Paul and John
Haythorn, and dated the 27th June 1872 (No. 1939),

page_text: In an arrangement comprising the improvements a worm on the
crank shaft gears with a worm wheel on a vertical shaft, and on the
lower end of this vertical shaft there is a pinion gearing with a spur
wheel on a second vertical shaft, which last has fast on it a double
grooved pulley or sector to which are attached the chains for trans- 5
mitting the movements to the rudder, and which pulley is large enough
for putting the rudder over from port to starboard with less than a
complete revolution.
When the apparatus is required to be workable by manual power a
second worm wheel is fitted on the first vertical shaft, and a clutch 1
is arranged between the two worm wheels to admit of one or other
being put in gear with the shaft, as required. The second worm wheel
has in gear with it a worm on a shaft having on it one or more manual
steering wheels.
When the gearing is applied at the ship's stern the grooved pulley 1
may be dispensed with, and the worm wheel shaft be directly geared to
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Andrew Paul in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th February 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW
PAUL, of Dumbarton, in the County of Dumbarton, North Britain,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Andrew Paul, Her special
licence that I, the said Andrew Paul, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Andrew Paul, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the

page_text: Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEERING APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Andrew Paul, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Andrew Paul, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates principally to improvements designed to be
used in combination with portions of the steering apparatus described
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Matthew Paul and John
Haythorn, and dated the 27th June 1872 (No. 1939). At the same time.
my present improvements or some of them are applicable to steam
steering apparatus, more or less differing from what is described in the
said earlier Specification.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, I hereunto append two Sheets
of explanatory Drawings to be herein-after referred to, and representing
two examples of the application of my improvements. In these Drawings
the same reference numerals are used to mark the same or like parts
wherever they are repeated.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 is a sectional plan, and Figure 2 is a sectional
side elevation of a steam steering machine, whilst Figure 8 is a
transverse vertical section, and Figure 4 is an end elevation. In this
arrangement a pair of cylinders 1, 2, inclined at right angles to each
other act on a horizontal crank shaft 8, which carries an eccentric 4
for working the valves through rocking shafts (not shown). The
eccentic 4 is mounted on a stud 5 held in a boss on the shaft, so
that it can swing accross the shaft, and it is movable by an inner
eccentric formed in one piece with the tubular centre of a pinion 6,
which is in gear with a spur wheel 7 fast on a horizontal shaft 8,
having on it a hand wheel 9. This arrangement of the eccentrics

page_text: causes the engines to work, in a well understood way, in accordance
with the movement imparted by the steersman to the hand wheel 9.
The admission of steam is regulated in accordance with the more
or less advanced position into which the eccentric is moved, as described
in the earlier Specification herein-before referred to, but in a simplified
and more direct manner. A part of the hollow centre of the pinion 6
and inner eccentric is formed with internal screw threads working
on a tube 10 formed with corresponding external screw threads, and
this tube is fitted with a groove and key so that it can move along
the crank shaft 3 whilst turning with it. The tube 10 is connected
by a loose strap or ring to a lever 11 so as to act thereon when moved
along the shaft by the turning of the pinion 6 in advance, and the
lever 11 is connected by a rod 12 to a bell-crank lever 13, which has
jointed to it the rod 14 of the regulator valve.
An important feature of my present improved arrangement consists 1
in placing a worm 15 on the crank shaft 3 in gear with a worm
wheel 16 on a shaft 17 in a plane at right angles to the crank shaft..
In this way a simple and very convenient disposition or combination
of the various parts is obtained, and one possessing practical advantages.
The position of the worm wheel shaft 17 in its plane will in each 2
case depend on the position of the crank shaft (3) relatively to the
other parts.
In the example shown in Figures 1 to 4 of the Drawings the worm
wheel shaft 17 is placed vertically and has fixed on its lower end a
pinion 18 which is in gear with a spur wheel 19 fast on a second 3
vertical shaft 20. This shaft 20 has fast on it a double-grooved
pulley 21 (or it might be a sector) to which are attached the chains
for transmitting the movements to the rudder, and which pulley 21 is
large enough for putting the rudder over from port to starboard with
less than a complete revolution.
When the steam apparatus is required to be also workable by manual
power a second worm wheel 22 is fitted on the same shaft 17 as the
other one, and a clutch 23 is arranged between the two worm wheels
16, 22, so that one or other (but only one at a time) can be put into
gear with the shaft 17, as may be required. The second worm wheel 22 3
has in gear with it a worm 24 on a horizontal shaft having on it a
manual steering wheel 25 (or more than one such wheels).

page_text: In the example shown the shaft 8 that the second worm 24 is on
is a continuation of that used for handing the engines, and when
the steam is not being used the wheel 7 is disconnected from that
shaft.
The framing of the apparatus may of course be variously arranged;
it is represented in Figures 1 to 4 of the Drawings as consisting of
three transverse frame standards 25, 26, 27, arranged to be bolted
down to the ship's deck, and connected by longitudinal frame pieces
and tie bars. The intermediate frame 26 is lower than the others,
and is connected by brackets 28 to the after frame 27. The vertical
worm wheel shaft 17 is carried in a lower bearing in the intermediate
frame 26, and in an upper bearing in a longitudinal frame piece 29.
The after bearing of the crank shaft 3 is formed with collars to sustain
the end strain due to the action of the worm 15.
•
When the steam steering apparatus is applied at the ship's stern
the double-grooved pulley (21) may be dispensed with, and the worm
wheel shaft 17 be directly geared to the rudder stock 30, as shown
in Figures 5 and 6 on Sheet 2 of the Drawings. These Figures are
respectively a sectional plan and a transverse vertical section, showing
the intermediate frame 26 with a part of the worm wheel shaft 17,
and the wheels 18, 19, gearing it to the rudder stock 30. The - rudder
stock 30 is also shown as having a tiller 31 fixed on it, as is usual.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I have to state that I do not restrict
myself to the precise details herein described or delineated, but that
what I believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,—
1. The arranging or combining together of the parts of steam steering
apparatus in the improved manner substantially as herein described and
delineated.

page_text: over from port to starboard with less than a complete revolution, as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Paul, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
ANDREW PAUL. (L.S.)