matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STAIR RODS OR FASTENINGS FOR STAIR CARPETS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Morcombe Bromley Baker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1878.
JOHN MORCOMBE BROMLEY BAKER, of Southsea, Hants, Marine Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STAIR RODS OR FASTENINGS FOR STAIR CARPETS.”
This Invention of improvements in stair rods or fastenings for stair carpets
consists,―
First. In articulating the rod or bar to the part holding the rod, or, as it is called,
the stair eye.
Second. In certain cases in adding thereto a spring, so that when the carpet is
placed down the rod or bar is turned down upon it, and the spring holds it in place
upon the carpet in the angle where the stair rod lios; two of them are used, one on
either side of the carpet, and the rods or bars may be made to nearly or quite meet
in the centre of the carpet.
Third. In articulating the rods so that if slightly in access of the length between
the articulations they can be made to spring past the line, passing through the
articulations, and by this tension only hold the carpet in its place.
The stair eyes are solidly fixed to the risers and treads, and the articulation may
be made in any of the usual forms of hinged joints.
The spring may also be fitted in any of the usual known ways, and may be of
any convenient form.
Where the rods meet in the centre a small fastening, either a button or a bolt,
may be employed for greater security, but generally the tension of the springs will
bo amply sufficient to keep the carpet in place.
These stair rods give great facility for removing the carpets, it being only necessary
to turn them up, and the carpet can be removed at once, and the rods turned down
again.
This form of stair fastening gives a great scope for ornamenting the rod, being
made either round or square, and the termination may be made foliated, or to any
pattern to suit the taste of the purchaser.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING UP LONG ELLS
Year: 1878

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Furneaux at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1878.
JOHN FURNEAUX, of the Firm of Hamlyn Brothers, of Buckfastleigh, in the
County of Devon. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING UP LONG ELLS."
The present and only method of making up long ells, a recognized article of
commerce in China and other markets, is and has always been finished and made
up in a particular manner, viz., dyed, hot pressed, and to fold the piece in the
middle through the entire length, and then to plait them in folds across the narrow
way of the piece, and then put under geat pressure, thus causing the long ell when
open to be full of folds of about 19 inches by 15 inches.
Now the object of my improved method of making up long ells is to improve
the appearance of these goods by entirely doing away with the unsightly creases.
My Invention consists in making up long ells the full width of the piece, about
31 inches wide, either by blocking, rolling on wood, or any suitable substance, and
of any convenient width or thickness, or any other suitable method, so as not
in any way to fold or crease the material, thus improves the value and appearance
of the goods, and in securing a much more sightly appearance than is given to
them by the present method. I entirely do away the creases, also with handling
of the material, and much time and labour is saved by my improved method.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the.
same is to be performed, I wish it to understood that I do not limit myself to any
particular material for blocking or rolling the long ells on, but I claim as my said
Invention, the improved method of making up long ells for the China and other
markets without creases or folds, substantially as herein described, or any mere
variation or modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Furneaux, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this 25th day of [January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO STAYS OR CORSETS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leethem Reynolds at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th November 1878.
LEETHEM REYNOLDS, of Landport, in the County of Hants, Stay Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO STAYS OR CORSETS."
My Invention consists of improvements in or additions to stays or corsets by
means of the application of straps and buckles for contracting the upper or lower
or both parts of the stay or corset, the straps and buckles being fastened to the
said stay or corset for the purpose of altering, adapting, and improving the con-
figuration of the stay or corset to meet the shape or figure of the wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RHEOPHORES, IN COMMUTATORS, AND IN GALVANIC BATTERIES CONNECTED. THERE- WITH, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO MEDICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Arnold and John Arnold, and
James Sandy and John Henry Sandy at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 29th July 1878.
JAMES ARNOLD and JOHN ARNOLD, of the Firm of Arnold and Sons, of West
Smithfield, in the County of Midddlesex, and JAMES SANDY and JOHN HENRY
SANDY, both of Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RHEOPHORES, IN COMMUTATORS, AND IN GALVANIC BATTERIES CONNECTED. THERE-
WITH, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO MEDICAL PURPOSES."
A rheophore is a sponge holder, spine brush, or other similar appliance used in
nedical galvanism. For medical purposes two are attached to a galvanic battery
by wires. One wire connects one rheophore with the positive pole, and another
wire connects the other rheophore to the negative pole.
In the application of medical galvanism, the rheophore connected with the one
pole is usually placed at rest in some part of the body, while the other rheophore is
carried along the part affected.
In some cases it is necessary that the opposite pole should momentarily take the
place of the former, and vice versa; to accomplish this, pole changers are attached to
the batteries, but in this way a third hand is required to effect the change..
According to our Invention the commutating rheophore is a pole changer and a
rheophore combined. We attach for this purpose a cable composed of two or more
wires or conductors to each rheophore, one wire being connected with the positive,
and the other with the negative pole, so that they can be changed at will. Inside
this new rheophore are springs and contact pieces or "cocks" connected to the
aforesaid wires, and by means of a small key, button, or other appliance, the springs
are acted upon in such a way that the poles are changed.
Another part of this Invention consists in the application of means for increasing
or decreasing the strength of the currents by connecting the instrument to varying
numbers of battery cells. For this purpose we use a third wire or conductor, or set
of conductors, which is or are attached to contact springs, or levers, or pieces,
arranged in connection with the rheophores, and a series of electro-magnets or other
appliances or mechanism for actuating levers or springs, which connect any

page_text: required number of the cells of a battery, and vice versa, release any required
number of same: This part of the Invention is also applicable to induction coils
for medical and other purposes.
In connection with the wire arrangement first described, we prefer to use the
following construction of battery.
Instead of passing the wires connected with the battery cells through the tray or
lid of the battery, we pass them through suitably marked holes or notches through
the edge of one of the sides of the cabinet or case containing the cells; by this
means we do not disturb the wires when the cells have to be examined or
recharged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF EFFERVESCENT BEVERAGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Harrison at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1878.
ARTHUR HARRISON, of Penge, in the County of Surrey, Analytical Chemist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF EFFERVESCENT BEVERAGES."
My Invention relates to an improved mode of preparing aerated, vinous, or
spiritous liquors, whereby the refreshing tonic and stomachic properties of wine or
spirits and natural or artificial mineral waters when mixed together are secured
unimpaired, whilst at the same time the liquor is rendered more grateful to the
eye and the palate.
'
In carrying out my Invention as applied, for example, to natural spa water, I
first eliminate from the water any lime, iron, or organic impurities which may
be held in solution therein by subjecting the same to the action of sulphuric acid
or other chemical agents, or by any other convenient means, and I then add the
desired proportion of wine or spirit, after which I reduce the temperature of the
vinous or spiritous mixture to, say, about 47° Fahrenheit, by surrounding the
vessel in which it is contained with freezing salts or other refrigerating agent
or otherwise, and finally I aerate the said vinous or spiritous mixture by sur-
charging it with carbonic acid gas.
It is preferred to perform the whole of the operations in vessels composed of
earthenware or glass.
My Invention is applicable to soda water, seltzer water, lemonade, and other
like waters, of which iron does not form a necessary constituent.
By separating the lime, iron, and organic impurities from the water before
blending the wine or spirit therewith, I prevent the decomposition which would
otherwise ensue in the mixture by contact with the tannic acid contained in the
wine or spirit, and by refrigerating the said mixture it is rendered capable of
absorbing an increased volume of carbonic acid gas.
PROVEMENTS IN LIFE-PRESERVING VESTS FOR SAVING LIVES AT SEA
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick O'Carroll at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1878.
PATRICK O'CARROLL, of Lime House, Cobham, in the County of Surrey.
PROVEMENTS IN LIFE-PRESERVING VESTS FOR SAVING LIVES AT SEA."
曹
"IM-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of vests for men, and women, and
children of both sexes, which are easily inflated with air, thereby rendering the
wearers safe from drowning in the event of their being immersed in water.
For this purpose when intended for men's and boys' use I employ two thin sheets
or a doubled sheet of india-rubber or other light flexible waterproof material, I lay
both sheets together one over the other, and at one part cut them out of the same
form as and so as to coincide with the front portion of the waistcoat, I cut out the
part forming the back so as to pass under the arms round the back in a belt-like
form, such back being inflateable as well as the front portion.
I then sew such sheets firmly together at the edge except at a single point where
a small opening is left for the purpose of inflation and where a small elastic mouth-
tube and screw stopper are attached for that purpose, thus completing the life-
preserving vest properly so called. I then make up the vest by interplacing the
double waterproof inflateable sheet between the outer material and the inner lining
of the front portion of the vest by which its ordinary appearance remains unaltered;
the back of the life-preserving vest being attached or not to the back of the ordinary
vest. Having done which the inflateable vest is made to possess great buoyancy
in water by inflating the same with the mouth of the wearer and preventing the
escape of the air therefrom by screwing down by the stopper provided for the
purpose when it is fully capable of supporting the wearer in water, and thus avoids
all risk of drowning.
I also make such life-preserving vests separate and distinct from the ordinary
vest, that is to say, the waterproof inflateable vest is worn under but separate from
the ordinary vest.
These life-preserving vests when intended for the use of women and children may
be modified in shape according to the shape of the dress worn, and may either be

page_text: made up in the dress itself or may be worn separately under the dress with an
opening at the front of the same through which the inflating tube may be drawn
to the mouth of the wearer whenever occasion may require.
Such life-preserving vests may also be kept separate from the person as life belts
or other means for saving life from drowning generally are.
In order to make the life-preserving vests ventilating I sew or otherwise fasten
the double sheet of waterproof material together at any convenient place or places,
and within the limits of surface so sewn together I make perforations through which
the ventilation takes place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSPORTING WEIGHTS FROM PLACE TO PLACE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stewart Smyth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1878.
JAMES STEWART SMYTH, Capt. 2nd Batt., 17th Foot, of the Caledonian United
Service Club, Edinburgh. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSPORTING
WEIGHTS FROM PLACE TO PLACE."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for transporting
weights from place to place.
For these purposes I employ a rope strained between the places from and to
which the weights are required to be transported. On this rope I arrange pulleys
in such manner that they can traverse freely along the rope, but cannot escape
from it. To the frame containing the pulleys I connect the weight to be conveyed,
and also a balloon competent to lift the weight. When the weight has to be taken
from a lower to a higher level, the balloon in rising will carry the weight from end
to end of the rope.
When the ground is level or nearly level, the rope may in some
cases be left somewhat slack, so that the balloon may rise somewhat, and in so
doing draw the load a distance along the rope, after which the balloon may be
caused to descend and a fresh start made.
In some cases in descending from a higher to a lower level, advantage may be
taken of gravitation to cause the weight to travel along the rope from the higher
to the lower end; the balloon in this case relieving the rope from the greater part
of the load, but leaving a preponderance in a downward direction.
Sometimes the balloon and its load may be hauled by means of ropes, or
advantage may be taken of a favourable wind.
In this way for military purposes guns and other heavy weights may be
transported with facility to places otherwise practically inaccessible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING SMALL-ARMS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hammond and Edwin Hammond
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1878,
HENRY HAMMOND and EDWIN HAMMOND, both of Winchester, in the County of
Hants, Gun Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING SMALL-ARMS."
According to this Invention we cock the striking hammer or hammers in snap-
action or drop-barrel guns by and from one or both of the "lumps" on the barrel,
but by preference from the front lump. The back end of the front lump, according
to one arrangement, acts as a cam or eccentric against the locking slide or cocking
slide, or parts connected therewith. The locking slide may on the point of contact
be fitted with a friction roller; the other end of the locking slide acts upon the
striking hammer or hammers directly or indirectly, so that when the barrel is raised
the hammers are forced back or "cocked," in which position they are held by the
sear in the usual manner.
The locking or cocking slide also when forced back by the lump actuates a safety
appliance for preventing the striking hammers from being accidentally let go against
the cartridge. This appliance may be in the form of a lever having its fulcrum on
the breech part. The locking slide bears against one end of this lever, and the
other end of the lever is connected to a safety lever (or a couple of levers for a
double barrel) which holds the striking hammer against accidental discharge.
On the top of the breech break-off we provide a knob, which can be pushed back-
wards and forwards to lock or unlock the safety lever or levers.
We provide indicators to show when the gun is in the cocked or discharged
position, and these indicators are raised or lowered by the mainsprings, or by the
hammers, and brought back to their normal position by a spiral or other spring, say,
a spiral spring on a small screw adjoining each indicator. The indicators may be
sliding pins, the protruding part being made of gold, or silver, or brass, or partly one

page_text: and partly the other, to show their exact position and signification. We prefer to
let these pins protrude on the top of the breech action.
For the sake of strengthening the breech we carry up solid outer corners between
the face of the false breech and the bed plate of the action, and carry them up about
to or above the centre of the false breech.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS FOR ROOMS AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Cogan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th September 1878.
LEWIS COGAN, of the Firm of Cogan and Son, of Torquay, in the County of
Devon. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS FOR ROOMS AND OTHER PLACES."
The object of this Invention is to afford a ready and simple means for getting
rid of the vitiated air in a room or other place. For this purpose I place a fan
inside a case communicating with the ordinary chimney flue. This fan is mounted
horizontally on two centres, so as to revolve freely in one direction, so that the
vitiated air which accumulates in the room is carried into the chimney through the
apertures of the fan between the slanting blades thereof as it revolves.
The ventilator may be closed partly or wholly when desired by means of a
spring lever connected to a disc with sector apertures corresponding with the
ventilator front. A cord may be attached to this lever if out of reach from the
floor of the room.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING REFUSE AND SEWAGE WATERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Adamson and Henry Booth at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1878.
JOSEPH ADAMSON and HENRY BOOTH, both of Hyde, in the County of Chester.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING REFUSE AND SEWAGE WATERS."
In carrying our Invention into operation we run the refuse or sewage water into
a tank, where it is submitted to the action of milk of lime or other suitable
ingredient for precipitating the soluble matter; the mixture is now run into a
filter press of the ordinary construction, but modified to suit this particular purpose,
the modification consisting of the application of hydraulic rams and cylinders for
closing the press, and the application of springs or other equivalents for parting the
filter chambers when the end pressure is taken off. By this means the solid
portions of the.refuse or sewage waters are collected in the press, while the clear
water is allowed to flow off, thus dispensing with the usual setting tanks and filter
beds.
MENTS IN HOLDERS FOR MOPS, BRUSHES, AND ANALOGOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Olrick at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1878. (A communication from
abroad by John O. Montignani, of Albany, in the County of Albany, and State
of New York, United States of America.)
HARRY OLRICK, of 10, Great Saint Helen's, in the City of London. " IMPROVE
MENTS IN HOLDERS FOR MOPS, BRUSHES, AND ANALOGOUS ARTICLES." (A com-
munication from abroad by John O. Montignani, of Albany, in the County of
Albany, and State of New York, United States of America.)
This Invention consists in the combination of a solid wooden split handle, a
sliding fastening ring or ferrule, and a pair of clamping jaws of novel construction,
whereby a brush, mop, or other article may be readily placed and held between the
jaws, and as readily removed when desired.
.
The
The handle consists of a solid piece of wood, having one end split for the required
distance so as to form two branches, and provided with a pin glued in a corrc-
sponding hole at the end of the split to prevent it from extending farther. On the
extremity of each branch is a clamping jaw made of metal in skeleton form, and
provided with a socket fitting the end of the branch, which may be shouldered to
correspond with the socket, or the latter may be secured by a pin or screw.
clamping jaws are notched or serrated to facilitate the holding of the brush, mop,
or other article placed between them. If desired the inner face of each jaw may
be provided with a concave depression to fit over a corresponding knob or pro-
jection on the back of a brush, so that the working surface of the brush, when
attached, may be adjusted at any desired angle with relation to the handle, after
the manner of a ball-and-socket joint.
The wood composing the handle is elastic, and the jaws have a tendency to
spring toward each other, but in order to hold them together, and also as a security
against further extension of the split, provide a ring or ferrule, which works
between the pin and the sockets. A brush, or a mop, cloth, chamois skin, or other
article may be placed between the jaws, and by sliding the ring to the proper
position securely held and prevented from displacement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MA- CHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SEWING SACKS AND OTHER COARSE AND HEAVY GOODS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Powley Alexander at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1878. A communi-
cation from abroad by Karl Schultheiss, of Vienna, Austria.
EDWIN POWLEY ALEXANDER, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SEWING SACKS AND OTHER COARSE AND HEAVY
GOODS." A communication from abroad by Karl Schultheiss, of Vienna, Austria.
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of sewing
machine for sewing sacks of jute, diaper, and similar strong material, applicable also
for joining all kinds of coarse strong woven goods.
The driving axle of the improved sewing machine, which may be driven either
from a hand wheel or a treadle, is fitted with an eccentric or cam for actuating the
looper, and carries also the eccentric or cam for driving the needle arm; the former
is provided with three differently shaped guide curves, one of which is at the front
face of the eccentric and imparts to the looper a reciprocating movement longi-
tudinally, whilst a pin and antifriction roller on an arm firmly connected with the
rocking shaft follows the last-named guide curve and is moved horizontally, thereby
noving the rocking shaft and with it the looper lever (carried on an arm on the
rocking shaft), which thus receives a to-and-fro inotion.
Of the two guide curves which are sunk at the back of the looper eccentric, the
one serves to impart to the looper lever an oscillating horizontal movement by
means of a pin with roller working in the said guide curve, whilst the other has an
oscillating vertical movement.
The looper eccentric with the said three guide curves forms one piece, which is
fast on the driving shaft.
The needle bar eccentric, which is also fast on the driving shaft, pushes the needle
bar with its needle horizontally to and fro longitudinally, so as to cause it to enter
and withdraw itself from the material. The needle bar rests in two bearings, and
by means of a saddle and screw is fastened to a horse-shoe shap. carrier working
in the guide groove of the needle bar eccentric, which moves it backwards and
forwards.

page_text: A third eccentric, also fast on the driving shaft, serves to actuate the feed
appliance for propelling the material; this appliance consists of a feed wheel
without break spring, a feeding claw with pusher bar, a break claw, and two
traveller rollers.
An adjustable screw at the side of the machine serves to regulate the length of 5
the stitch.
The two traveller rollers (one of which is fast on the pusher spindle) are moved
apart by means of a lever appliance in order to facilitate the introduction and
removal of the material to be operated on.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SELF-MEASURING TAP OR 'METER' TAP
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Peyton and John
Salmon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April
1878.
JOHN WILLIAM PEYTON, of Exmouth, in the County of Devon, Gentleman, and
JOHN SALMON, of the City of Exeter, in the same County, Gentleman. "A NEW
OR IMPROVED SELF-MEASURING TAP OR 'METER' TAP."
The object of this Invention, which relates to a new or improved self-measuring
or meter tap, is to enable any definite measure or quantity of wine, spirit, or other
liquid to be drawn from a cask or vessol containing a larger quantity with a better
certainty than by the usual taps is possible, that the quantity intended to be drawn
off shall not be exceeded to the loss of the proprietor; the Invention is therefore
applicable to or is intended to be used in bars, restaurants, and other public places
where wines, spirits, or other liquids are retailed or sold in certain small or other
definite quantities.
In carrying the Invention into practice we adapt and apply to an ordinary plug
tap a tube, which is inserted into the cask, barrel, or other vessel containing the
liquid from which the definite quantities are intended to be drawn for retail sale.
This tube is formed with apertures which communicate with the larger barrel or
other vessel and with a small meter or measuring glass, barrel, or chamber formed
to hold any definite quantity of liquid, say, for example, a gill. Within the tube
we arrange an air-tight valve, which permits of communication from the larger
barrel to the meter barrel (when the tap from the latter is turned off), and of the
latter being then filled from the former, but which covers the apertures and prevents
any such communication when the tap from the meter barrel is turned on to draw
off the liquid from the latter. The valve is withdrawn from covering the said
apertures (and to enable the meter barrel to be filled from the larger barrel) by a
chain or wire connecting it to the plug, and which draws the valve back upon the
tap being turned off; and the returning of the valve to cover the said apertures
and close the communication upon the tap being turned on is caused by a spiral
spring arranged within the tube.
The object of the Invention is thus attained by the liquid being allowed to flow
from the larger barrel or vessel into the meter barrel only during the time that the

page_text: tap from the latter is turned off, and being prevented from flowing thereinto while
the tap is turned on to empty the meter barrel of its contents, which are discharged
through the usual tap hole.
The meter barrel is provided with a small air or vent pipe to allow of the necessary
communication with the air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOWS AND APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by John Frederick Cooke Farquhar at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1878.
JOHN FREDERICK COOKE FARQUHAR, of No. 24 and 25, Long Acre, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOWS AND APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND
CLOSING THE SAME."
This Invention has for its object improvements in windows and apparatus for
opening and closing the same.
The windows of railway and other carriages I make to work on two centre pins
which are fixed at the top and bottom of the window frame, so that the window
moves about a vertical axis.
I open and close the windows by the use of a worm wheel attached to the
bottom or top centre pin of the window, and working with this worm wheel I have
a worm of suitable dimensions fitted with a handle on the inside and outside of the
window frame if required; or I may use quadrants having holes or notches, into
which a spring of the window frame will fit.
By a contrivance of this kind when a carriage is travelling at any velocity, the
window can be opened in such a manner that wind, rain, or dust striking against it
will be sent off at an angle from the surface of the glass, and so be prevented
from entering the carriage without interfering with the ventilation.
In railway carriages it would be of great advantage to have the means of closing
the windows from the outside.
Similar windows may be fitted in houses.
As regards house windows, if wind, rain, or dust be blowing in an oblique
direction, the windows can be opened at such an angle that without hindrance to
ventilation the wind or dust can be prevented from coming into the rooms.
A further advantage of this plan is that in warm weather the windows can be
turned to such an angle as to catch the wind and deflect the draught into the room
or carriage, thereby increasing the circulation of the air.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE FORMATION OF SHEETS OR PIECES OF MUSIC, FOR FACILITATING THE TURNING OVER THEREOF, WHICH I TERM 'DAVIS'S DIGITATED MUSIC
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Charles Hart Davis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th March 1878.
WALTER CHARLES HART DAVIS, of Parkrunge, Durdham Down, Bristol, in the
County of Gloucester. " IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE FORMATION OF SHEETS
OR PIECES OF MUSIC, FOR FACILITATING THE TURNING OVER THEREOF, WHICH I TERM
'DAVIS'S DIGITATED MUSIC."
The object of my Invention is to so form sheets or pieces of music as to facilitate
the turning over of the said sheets.
In carrying out my Invention, I adopt mainly the following arrangements
(taking as a instance a piece of music of several pages):-The title page will remain
as at present, the sheet or sheets of music being formed or cut so that each page is
left with a projecting portion ready to be caught up for turning over the sheet.
Thus in a piece of music, the first page is left with a projecting portion, say, at the
bottom. When the performer desires to turn the sheet, he catches hold of such
projection, the projection or formation on the next page being turned by its
projection, and so on.
The projections are so formed that each page. has its projecting part, by which
the same can be readily turned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC AND ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC BELL INDICATORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua William Edmundson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1878.
JOSHUA WILLIAM EDMUNDSON, of No. 35, Capel Street, Dublin, Ireland; Merchant.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC AND ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC BELL INDICATORS."
My Invention relates to the indicators used in connection with bells sounded by
electric currents, either directly by making contact of conductors in various apart-
ments of a building, or pneumatically by the transmission of air pressure through
tubes, causing contact to be made at or near the bells, the purpose of the said
indicators being to shew from which apartment the impulse is sent that causes the
sounding of the bell.
:-
The indicator which I employ is a pendulum which I arrange in the following
manner In the electric circuit, which includes the bell and the contact actuated
from an apartment, I introduce an electro-magnet having its polar ends projecting
horizontally. On these ends, by two fine points, I poise an iron armature, from
which a pendulum hangs, the armature being attached to the pendulum rod at such
an angle that when the pendulum is hanging vertically the armature lies in an
attitude inclined to the polar ends of the magnet, the one edge of the armature
resting on the two points in close proximity to the poles, and the other edge some-
what raised from them.
When contact is made by pressing a knob or otherwise in an apartment the
electro-magnet in the particular circuit commanded from that apartment is rendered
active by the passage through its coils of the electric current that works the bell,
and the armature being thereby attracted gives a swing to the pendulum, which,
continuing to swing after the bell has ceased to sound, indicates to the attendant
the apartment from which the impulse was sent.
There may be only one electric bell common to all the apartments, or several bells
each common to a group of apartments, but a separate pendulum with its electro-
magnet and armature is provided for each apartment, so that the attendant is

page_text: informed by the movement of one of the pendulums where his services are
required.
In order to shew more delicately the measurement of any of the pendulums I find
it advantageous to place a glass or transparent screen in front of them, and to mark
lines thereon corresponding with one or more lines or marks on each pendulum, so 5
that a very small amount of movement can be detected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD & MEANS OF ROUGHING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Atterton & Joseph Johnson
Mills at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December
1878.
WALTER ATTERTON, & JOSEPH JOHNSON MILLS, of 15, Tibberton Square,
Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Stationer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
& MEANS OF ROUGHING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS."
This Invention consists of three pieces of iron or other metal or metals called
respectively the toe piece, heel piece, and screw. The toe piece is made so as to
clip the inside of the front of the shoe. The heel piece is a cross bar, bridge
shaped or otherwise, made so as to clip the inner part of each side of the heel of the
shoe. The screw is turned through a tappet hole in the centre of the heel piece by
means of a key or spanner fitting on the squared end of it (the screw) and revolves
in a hole in the toe piece, thereby forcing the heel and toe pieces apart, and so
jamming them on the shoe. The screw may also be fastened by means of nuts.
The toe and heel pieces are made or fitted with bobs or spikes, which prevent the
animal from slipping. The bobs or spikes can either be made as a part of the heel
and toe pieces, or can be inserted afterwards by means of holes tapped or punched
in the said heel and toe pieces, and may be made of any metal or mixture of
metals.
We claim for this Invention that it is a more effectual and simple method of
roughing than has hitherto been used, and can be more quickly applied or removed
by any person, and is not liable to work loose on the shoe.
COMBINED GARDEN ROLLER AND FOLDING CHAIR
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAI, SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ansell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February 1878.
CHARLES ANSELL, of 75, Chadwick Road, Grove Park, Peckham, S.E.
COMBINED GARDEN ROLLER AND FOLDING CHAIR."
"A
A garden roller, which in place of the ordinary framed T handle for purposes of
drawing shall be a square framed back, latticed to form back of chair, and to
be fixed to this back hinged or jointed sides with legs hinged to same, which form
seat or chair when let down for garden purposes. When the Invention to be used
as roller these parts can be folded up and fastened to framed back.
The advantages claimed for this Invention are, that in place of the old garden
roller when not in use being in the way, as a nuisance and unsightly in thousands
of gardens of small dimensions, and also dangerous to children, the above may be
folded up as conveniently as a drawing room chair when used as a roller, and not
detrimental in use of same, and when required may be let down, adjusted readily,
and form at once both an ornamental and useful object as a garden chair. It is
also further intended to be made as a fixed chair roller.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FIRE-BOXES AND TUBES OF STEAM BOILERS TO INCREASE THE HEATING SURFACE THEREOF, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO COPPERS, PANS, AND OTHER APPARATUS OR UTENSILS FOR HEATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Sheppard Bigg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th January 1878.
EDWARD SHEPPARD BIGG, of Blackheath, in the County of Kent. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIRE-BOXES AND TUBES OF STEAM BOILERS TO INCREASE THE HEATING
SURFACE THEREOF, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO COPPERS,
PANS, AND OTHER APPARATUS OR UTENSILS FOR HEATING WATER AND OTHER
LIQUIDS."
My Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in fire-boxes and tubes of steam
boilers, and has for object the attaining of increased heating surface. It consists in
forming or constructing the sides or the circumference of the fire-box or tubes of
plates or sheets of metal, having an undulated, corrugated, angulated, indented,
zig-zagged, or other like uneven or wavy surface, so that the water circulating or
flowing in or around the spaces or recesses formed between the undulations, inden-
tations, angles, or other like uneven surfaces shall receive a greater amount of heat
from the fire than is at present obtained from plates, sheets, and tubes, having plane,
flat, or even surfaces.
The undulated, corrugated, angulated, indented, zig-zagged, or other like uneven
or wavy surface may be continued around the entire circumference of the fire-tubes
or fire-box, or may be formed on all the sides or walls and top of the fire-box or on
any portion or side thereof.
My Invention is also applicable to coppers, pans, and other apparatus or utensils
employed for heating water and other liquids, and in applying the Invention to such
apparatus the sides or bottoms, or both, may be also undulated, corrugated, angulated,
indented, zig-zagged, or formed with other like uneven or wavy surfaces, so that
they would receive a greater amount of heat from the fire than is at present obtained
by the plane, flat, or even surfaces now in use.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR CONCENTRATING ARTI- FICIAL LIGHT, APPLICABLE TO DENTAL AND SURGICAL OPERATIONS, OR TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Greeves Fisher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1878.
JOHN GREEVES FISHER, of Number Thirty-seven, Ella Street, Leeds, in the County
of York, Oil Merchant. "AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR CONCENTRATING ARTI-
FICIAL LIGHT, APPLICABLE TO DENTAL AND SURGICAL OPERATIONS, OR TO OTHER
PURPOSES."
My improved instrument is intended for concentrating and intensifying the light
from a gas flame or other source of artificial light for use in dental and surgical
operations, or for other purposes.
The effects of this instrument are,-
First. To collect and concentrate for the required purpose nearly all the rays of
light issuing from the flame.
And, Second. To screen or shade the light and heat from other direction than
where it is so concentrated.
My improved instrument is constructed as hereafter explained:-I employ two
concave reflectors, which form a kind of dark lantern, and which, with the exception
of an opening in the centre of one of them, enclose the light upon all sides, suitable
openings being provided at the bottom and top for the ingress and egress of
air.
The shape and position of the reflectors are adapted to concentrate and direct the
rays of light falling upon them so as to cause the said rays to issue in a condensed
beam through the opening in one of them above mentioned.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Spencer Hayward at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1878.
SPENCER HAYWARD, of Number 2, Old Prospect Place, Peckham Rye, in the
County of Surrey, Architect. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER."
My Invention relates to obtaining motive power by means of the rising in
water of an air-tight cylinder or vessel, or a series of air-tight vessels or cylinders,
connected together by bands, chains, links, or other convenient methods, and
passing over a wheel or wheels.
One mode of carrying out my Invention is as follows:-I construct a well, tube,
or waterholder, at the bottom I fix a wheel, and also another at the surface of the
water. The series of vessels or cylinders connected together, as above mentioned,
pass round these wheels, forming an endless band or chain. The vessels or cylinders
are closed at the end which is uppermost when they rise in the water and open at
the other. As the vessels or cylinders descend they are of course full of water.
Each vessel or cylinder is fitted with a piston or sliding plate actuated by a
screw, ratchet, and cog wheel, or other mechanical contrivance.
When the vessel or cylinder is descending the piston or sliding plate is at the
closed end. When the vessel or cylinder arrives at the bottom of the tube or
waterholder, a wheel fixed to the apparatus for actuating the piston passes along a
curved guide rail or other similar apparatus, which causes the wheel to rotate and
withdraw the piston, excluding the water and admitting in its place air supplied in
the manner herein-after stated.
The withdrawal of the piston is so graduated that each vessel or cylinder as it
acquires a perpendicular position and is prepared to ascend becomes an air-tight
vessel, which is carried to the surface of the water by specific gravity and with a
lifting power proportionate to its size and depth from the surface.
As each vessel arrives at the surface of the water, the wheel attached to the
apparatus actuating the piston passes over another curved guide rail or similar
apparatus, which reverses the action of the piston and forces it up to the closed end
I Union 211

page_text: of the vessel or cylinder, which thus becomes ready to be filled with water as it
descends again; or I can fit in each cylinder a piston plate sliding within the
cylinder, being of sufficient weight to overcome the pressure of water, and descend
to the open end of the cylinder by its own weight, being kept from falling out by
a stop.
Or the vessels or cylinders may be so made that they expand and become filled
with air when rising through the water, and collapse or contract in descending.
One method of conveying air to the vessels or cylinders is by an endless flexible
tube passing round with the vessels, and having connecting tubes to an aperture at
the closed ends of the vessels.
This endless flexible tube will have cocks which would be closed whilst under
water, but on arriving at the surface would be opened by any suitable mechanical
contrivance, and in a similar manner closed when about to enter the water again.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DEXTRINE AND GLUCOSE, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Johnson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1878.
JOHN JOHNSON, of No. 3, Elm Villas, Cedars Road, Stratford, in the County of
Essex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DEXTRINE AND GLUCOSE, AND
IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
The Invention applies to the treatment of maize and other starch producing
matter for the production of dextrine and glucose, and in carrying out my improve-
ments I first subject the matter to be treated to the action of a solution of acid, as
is well understood, and such as will by the subsequent process effect the desired
conversion. The matters thus acidulated to the extent desired I then place in a
closed vessel capable of resisting a pressure of, say, 150 pounds to the square inch
(of cold testing pressure), and I then inject amongst such acidulated matters water
heated to a temperature of from, say, about 300° to 320° Fahrenheit, and I also in
some cases especially when the matters under operation are in a fluid or semi-fluid
condition, act upon such matters by a jet or jets of steam applied at a suitable
pressure in directions adapted to produce complete agitation or violent action in
vertical and horizontal or other directions.
The extent of conversion into dextrine, or analagous matter, or into glucose, will
depend upon the character and duration of the heat employed, as well as on the
extent of previous acidity imparted to matter under operation.
I also in some cases supply the acidulated matters; when such matters are in a
semi-fluid condition, through a separate vessel capable of being closed, and from
which when desired such matters are by the action of steam thereon forced through
a passage capable of being opened for the purpose to conduct it into the converting
vessel, and this transfer is also aided by a jet or jets of steam which, whilst
imparting heat to such acidulated matter, may also be used in giving motion to it
in the converting vessel. By these means the cellulose or cellular tissue as well as
the starch proper becomes acted upon.
MENTS IN BRAKES APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND FOR OTHER USES
Year: 1878

page_text: "IMPROVE-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Thomas Haggard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1878.
FREDERICK THOMAS HAGGARD, of Eltham, in the County of Kent.
MENTS IN BRAKES APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND FOR OTHER USES."
'This Invention has for its object improvements in brakes applicable to railway
and for other uses.
These
In order to avoid the skidding of wheels to which brakes are applied I sub-
stitute rolling surfaces for the ordinary brake blocks. These rolling surfaces may
be either wheels on axes or rollers or balls contained in sockets or holders.
rolling surfaces are applied with pressure to the peripheries of the wheels, which
are thus retarded without the possibility of skidding. In order to obtain greater
retardation the rotation of the rolling surfaces may be in turn resisted. In some
cases in arranging brakes for use upon railways I cause the pressure of the rolling
retarding instruments to be applied to the rails instead of or in addition to applying
the pressure to the peripheries of the wheels.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Perry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th April 1878.
WILLIAM ROBERT PERRY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO."
The object of this Invention is to prevent the nicotine or oil from the tobacco
from being drawn up with the smoke into the mouth, and also to prevent the saliva
from entering the bowl of the pipe.
I bore out the stem of the pipe much larger than usual, so as to form a chamber,
and I provide the mouth-piece with a cork or other plug to fit in the end of the same.
Inside this plug is fitted a small tube, which projects about 3/, of an inch (more
or less) into the chamber.
At the junction of the stem with the bowl I fit another plug (preferably of bone
or ivory) provided also with a small tube projecting about the same distance into
the chamber. These two small tubes are opposite to each other, but their ends do
not meet. The consequence is, that in whatever position the pipe may be placed,
any nicotine or oil which may proceed from the tobacco, and passes up the second-
named tube, falls into the chamber, but cannot reach the mouth-piece; and on the
other hand, any saliva from the month which may flow into the first-named tube
will fall into the chamber also, but cannot flow into the bowl of the pipe and
moisten the tobacco.
The chamber can be cleared out any time by removing the mouth-piece, which
draws out the plug with it.