IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TENONING OR RELISHING SASH, BLIND, DOOR, AND OTHER RAILS OR FRAMES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Gardner, of the Firm of Robertson,
Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
TENONING OR RELISHING SASH, BLIND, DOOR, AND OTHER RAILS OR FRAMES."
—A communication from abroad by William Abercrombie,. of
Market Street, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Gardner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th May 1875:
I, HENRY GARDNER, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR TENONING OR RELISHING SASH, BLIND, DOOR, AND OTHER RAILS
OR FRAMES," communicated to me from abroad by William Abercrombie,
of Market Street, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, to be as follows :—
This Invention is designed to provide a simple and efficient machine
to cut the tenons of sash, blind, and door rails, and other frames, and at

page_text: the same time cut out the recess between the ogee shoulders of the
tenon where the cutter cannot work without destroying the shoulders to
reduce the width of the tenons to fit the mortices.
A rotary cutter is mounted upon a horizontal shaft on a frame or
bench, and driven by a belt from a driving pulley. A work holding
table is fitted for holding the rails to be relished; it is arranged on ways
on a vertically adjustable table, this being made to slide toward and
from the rotary cutter.
A boring tool is arranged alongside the end of the 'cutter at right
angles to its axis, but in the same horizontal plane, and is driven by a
belt from a pulley on the driving shaft; this boring tool is for cutting
out the recess between ogee projecting shoulders where the cutter cannot
work, while the cutter dresses off the rest of the tenon between the boring
tool and the end in the process of reducing it to the width required for
fitting the mortise.
The table can be adjusted up and down to adapt it for holding rails of
different thicknesses at the proper height relatively to the boring tool
and the cutter to be presented to them, so that the boring tool will
work to the centre of the tenon.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Gardner in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
GARDNER, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166,
Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Thirteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Gardner, Her special license
that I, the said Henry Gardner, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Henry Gardner, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time

page_text: to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
TENONING OR RELISHING SASH, BLIND, DOOR, AND OTHER RAILS OR FRAMES,”
communicated to me from abroad by William Abercrombie, of Market
Street, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Henry Gardner, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe, and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE; that I, the said Henry Gardner, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention is designed to provide a simple and efficient machine
to cut the tenons of sash, blind, and door rails and other frames, and at
the same time cut out the recess between the ogee shoulders of the
tenon where the cutter cannot work without destroying the shoulders to
reduce the width of the tenons to fit the mortices.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the improved machine; Figure 2 is
a side elevation; Figure 3 is a sectional elevation taken on the line
x, x, of Figure 4; Figure 4 is a plan view; Figure 5, is a horizontal
section of a joint of a sash or blind frame, showing the narrowed tenon
and the recess; and Figure 6 is a side elevation of Figure 5.
A represents a rotary cutter mounted on a horizontal shaft J on a
frame or bench K, and driven by a belt h from a driving pulley M; B
is the work holding table for holding the rails to be relished; it is
arranged on ways N on a vertically adjustable table O, this being made
to slide toward and from the rotary cutter; and C is a boring tool
arranged alongside the end of the cutter at right angles to its axis, but
in the same horizontal plane; it is driven by a belt P from a pulley Q
on the driving shaft. This boring tool is for cutting out the recess R
between ogee protecting shoulders D, where the cutter cannot work,.
.

page_text: while the cutter dresses off the rest of the tenon between the boring
tool and the end in the process of reducing it to the width required for
fitting the mortise S.
The table O is to be adjusted up and down to adapt it for holding rails
of different thicknesses at the proper height relatively to the boring tool
and the cutter to be presented to them, so that the boring tool will work
to the centre of the tenon.
Figures 7 to 12 show an improved apparatus to be attached to machines
for relishing door rails, and consists in the combination of a bracket
frame provided with a sliding carriage and moveable saws, and is
intended principally as an attachment to Abercrombie's relishing
machine, although it may be attached to any other suitable machine.
Figure 7 is an end view of my Invention, and an end view of the
frame of a machine (supposed to be Abercrombie's relishing machine),
to which it is attached, showing how it is bolted to the latter; Figure 8
shows a front view, and Figure 9 is a top view of the same, showing the
saws, mandrel, spindle supports, and sliding carriage.
Figure 10 represents a side view of the device for tightening and
guiding the belt that drives the pulleys on the spindles that carry the
cross cut saws.
Figure 11 is a section view of Figure 10 on a line of Y to Y, and
Figure 12 is a top view of the relishing machine.
A, A, A, represents the end of the frame of a machine, to which the
Invention is attached. The uprights b, b, connecting pieces b', and bª,
rods 6³, 6³, and cross bars 6º, 6º, and bª, 6ª, constitute the bracket frame B,
which contains the working parts of this Invention, and constructed so
as to rest on the floor and bolt to the side of the machine, to which it
forms an attachment, and should be substantially built of iron. The
slides c, c, and cross pieces c¹ and c³ constitute the sliding carriage O.
The front cross piece of the sliding carriage is provided with a
vertically adjusted stop c³, and the back cross piece o³ is provided with a
horizontally adjustable gauge c'. The slides c, c, move in a dovetail
formed in the top of the cross bars 6º, 6º, Figure 9.
Nis the mandrel, upon which are three upright saws D, D, D, each of
which is fastened to a sliding collar a; the latter is held by a set screw.
The mandrel N is provided with a pulley Q, which. is driven by a belt

page_text: from a pulley on the countershaft of the machine to which the attach-
ment is attached.
E, E, are spindle stands that slide on the rods &³, 6ª, and are held by
set screws e, e. Each stand E is provided with an upright spindle e'
that passes upward behind the mandrel N, and at right angles to the
latter, and carries a small cross cut saw. Each of the spindles e¹, e¹, is
provided with a pulley e', and works in the step e³, and is adjusted
vertically by raising and lowering the step e* with the hand screw e³.
F, F, are horizontal cross cut saws fastened to the head of the
spindles e', e', at right angles to the upright saws D, D, D, and should
be in the same horizontal plane as the upper edge of the latter.
The saw F can be exchanged for a larger one to suit different sized
relishes.
H, H, are spindle supports, with a screw on one end that passes
through a slot cut in the frame piece 6*; the other end is concave, and
embraces the spindles e¹, e¹. Each spindle support H is held by two
nuts, one on the outside and the other on the inside of the frame picce 6³,
and can be adjusted to suit the position of the spindles. These supports
are intended to prevent any displacement of the spindles when the rail
to be relished comes in contact with the saws.
The brackets, hand screws s¹, upright sliding pulley &³, and upright
friction rollers &³, ³, constitute the device P (as shown by Figure 10 of
the Drawings) for guiding, tightening, and slackening the belt that
drives the pulleys e*, e', on the spindles e², e¹. The bearings st, s*, of the
sliding pulley & move in a groove, as shown in Figure 11, and by the
dotted lines in Figure 10.
82
By means of device P the spindle pulleys e', e, may be driven by
the same belt, which will not require to be lengthened or shortened in
adjusting the cross cut saws F and F¹ to any width of relish, as it is
only necessary to slack back or move forward the sliding pulley &² by
means of the hand screw s' in increasing or lessening the distanco
between the spindles e¹, e', and the saws F and F¹ can be stopped and
started in the same way without stopping any other part of the machine.
This belt may be driven by a pulley on a shaft that is driven by a belt
from the pulley R on the mandrel N, or it may be driven by any other
pulley of the machine to which the attachment is attached, and the.

page_text: bracket 8, which is held on the rods 63, 68, by set screws (as shown in
Figure 8 of the Drawings) may be moved a short distance cither way
between the stands E, E, to suit the position of the pulleys.
To operate this machine set the saws D, D, D, and F and F to cut
the tenons the desired size, and set the gauge c' and stop c³ to their
proper places; then drop the rail to be relished between the cross pieces
c and c² of the sliding carriage, with the worked edge against the
gauge c' until the shoulder of the tenon rests on the stop c³, then holding
the worked edge of the rail close against the gauge c', move the sliding
carriage forward, and bring the tenon in contact with the saws which 1
will cut out the relish.
I am aware that in the construction of relishing machines three saws
have been run on the same mandrel, having cross cut saws running at
right angles to them, and I do not desire to claim this as new, but to
confine myself to the construction as set forth in the claim.
As will be observed there are three attachments in my sash and blind
relishing machine, viz., the mortising attachment to cut the mortices for
the montants and bars of each sash, the door relishing attachment, and
the perpendicular cutting tool in the end of the upright spindle for
cutting the recess for the end of the blind rod.
Figures 13, 14, and 15 show the attachment for making the mortise
for the montants and bars of window sashes. The hollow chisel i is held
by a thumbscrew j; the bit k that works in the hollow chisel is on the
end of the shaft 7; the rotary cutter A is mounted on the other end of
the same shaft; the sliding table B, on which the rail or bar is laid to
be mortised is operated by the treadle 28; when the treadle is released
the coiled spring m throws the table back to its place. The table is raised
and lowered by the device shown in Figure 14; and is locked and held at
the desired height by the bolts n, n.
Figures 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 show the door relishing attachment.
This attachment is on the back side of the machine sce Figure 17, and
'as you look at it (when standing behind the machine) the mortising
attachment will be at the left hand and the driving and loose pulleys at
the right, as shown in Figure 17, which gives what may be called a front
view of the attachment. The attachment has three circular saws D, D, D,
as before described, on the horizontal arbor N. These saws are screwed.

page_text: to collars that are held to the arbor by countersunk screws, and may be
readily adjusted. It has also two small saws F, F, for cutting out the
relish that run at right angles to the larger saws; the small saws are
screwed on the end of the spindles e', e¹; these spindles work in the spindle
steps e, e³, and are driven by a quarter twist belt from pulleys 9, 9, to
pulleys 8, 8; the saws may be adjusted to the desired height by raising
or lowering the spindle step e³, e³, by the hand screws e³, e, which work
into the bottom of the steps. The distance between the small saws is
regulated by sliding the spindle stands E, E, by hand on the round
braces 63, and 63. The stands are held in place by thumb screws.
.
By the position of the saws, as shown in Figures 17 and 18, the rail
may be relished by one movement, and by lengthening the arbor, and
adding the necessary saws, the wedges may be cut; also the rail being
tilted to the right or to the left for the purpose. The rail to be relished
is dropped in an upright position between the pieces 22 and 23 of the
carriage or slide, Figures 16 and 19, until the shoulder rests upon the
stop 13, Figures 17 and 19. The slide is then moved forward by hand,
bringing the rail in contact with the saws. The stop 13 is held by a
thumb screw, and may be adjusted to any depth of relish. This slide or
carriage moves backward and forwards in dovetails 21, 21, 24, 24.
The arbor N is driven by a belt from pulley 10 on the driving shaft;
a belt from pulley 26 of the driving shaft drives the shaft on which the
rotary cutter is mounted; a belt from pulley 19 drives the horizontal
boring tool that is at right angles to the rotary cutter; a quarter twist
belt from pulley 20 drives the vertical spindle p, as shown.
Having thus fully described the said Invention what I claim as new
and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,―
Firstly. The general construction and arrangements of parts forming
an apparatus for tenoning or relishing sash, blind, door, and other rails
or frames, as herein-before set forth and shown.
Secondly. The combination of the bracket frame B, constructed as
described, provided with sliding carriage C having a vertically adjustable
stop cs, and horizontally adjustable gauge c', with mandrel N and saws
D, D, D, as shown and described for the purpose specified.
Thirdly. The combination of device P for guiding, tightening, and
slackening the belt, with the stands E, E, spindles e¹, e¹, and saws F and
F¹, as and for the purpose specified.

page_text: Fouthly. The combination of the bracket frame B, constructed as
described, provided with sliding carriage C, with mandrel N, saws
D, D, D, stands E, E, spindles e', e¹, saws F and F, and belt guiding,
tightening, and slackening device P, as and for the purpose specified.
Fifthly. The combination of parts as referred to with reference to
Figures 13 to 20 of the Drawings annexed, as and for the purposes set
forth..
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Gardner, have hereunto set
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of November One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.
U'ENDY CAPONED