IMPROVEMENts in the MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PENS, AND IN PRESSES OR MACHINES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PENS AND PENHOLDERS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVE- MENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE OF THE METALLIC PARTS OF PENHOLDERS AND TO WOOD SCREWS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah Mason, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENts in the
MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PENS, AND IN PRESSES OR MACHINES FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PENS AND PENHOLDERS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE OF THE METALLIC PARTS
OF PENHOLDERS AND TO WOOD SCREWS."
Sealed the 17th January 1873, and dated the 26th September 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah Mason at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
26th September 1872.
I, JOSIAH MASON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PENS, AND IN PRESSES OR MACHINES
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PENS AND PENHOLDERS, PARTS OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE OF THE METALLIC PARTY
OF PENHOLDERS AND TO WOOD SCREWS," to be as follows :--
My improvements in the manufacture of metallic pens consist in
making them of steel or of irou by the following process or combination

page_text: -
of processes I take sheet steel or sheet iron in the state in which the
said steel or iron is left by the bright rolling process, and I cut blanks
therefrom. I make the slit and the required piercings in the said blank,
and afterwards raise or give the required curved figure to the blank by
the machinery hercin-after described.
The pen is completed in the 5
ordinary way.
By the use of steel or iron, and the process or series of processes
described, the processes of hardening and tempering required in the
ordinary manufacture are dispensed with, and pens of good quality
produced. The pens thus made may have a rich durable black surface 1
communicated to them by being heated in contact with fatty or oily
matters, such as whale oil or tallow. By this treatment the pens are
also rendered less susceptible of oxidation than when the iron or steel is
left in its ordinary state.
The quality of the iron pens may be further improved by treating them 1
by a case hardening process, whereby the surface of the metal is car-
bonized and converted into steel, and great strength and elasticity
communicated to the
pens.
My improvements in presses or machines for the manufacture of
metallic pens and the metallic parts of penholders consist of the following 2
construction and arrangement or combination of the parts for working
the rams or plungers of the said presses or machines.
Instead of working the ram or plunger carrying the cutting, piercing,
slitting, or other tool of the press or machine by means of a screw as
usual, I work the ram or plunger in the following manner :-
2
According to my Invention I make the ram or plunger in the form of
a slide, the said slide working in a vertical dovetail in the side of the
frame of the press. The rising and falling motion is given to the said
ram or slide by means of a cranked arm on a rocking shaft, the said
rocking shaft being worked by means of a weighted lever on the outer 3
end of the said shaft. Motion is communicated to the said weighted
lever from the foot of the workman by means of a vertical connecting
rod connected at its upper end to one end of the weighted lever, the
bottom end of the said connecting rod being jointed to a treadle pressed
upon by the foot of the workmau. The stroke of the slide or ram is 3
adjusted by screw bolts and slots. The cranked arm of the rocking
shaft moves through the are of a circle, and the said arm is connected to

page_text: the slide or ram in the following way:-The pin or stud of the said
cranked arm works in a sliding plate or moveable bearing having a to-
and-fro horizontal motion in a slot in the slide or ram of the press or
machine. As the cranked arm performs its reciprocating motion through
the arc of a circle its pin or stud moves the sliding plate or bearing
across the horizontal slot in the slide or ram, and at the same time lifts
or depresses the said slide or ram and the tool carried by it. When
pressure is put on the treadle by the foot of the workman the motion is
transmitted through the connecting rod described to the weighted lever,
and from the weighted lever to the rocking shaft, and the cranked arm
of the said shaft gives the descending or advance motion to the slide or
ram. On removing the pressure from the treadle the weighted lever
gives the ascending or return motion to the slide or ram and parts
connected with it.
Instead of working the press by the foot it may be worked by one
hand or by steam power.
These improvements are especially applicable to presses or machines
used for cutting out, piercing, and slitting metallic pens and the metallic
parts of penholders, but may also be employed for other processes in the
manufacture of pens and penholders.
By my improvements the press or machine is not liable to the back
lash which is common to presses or machines worked by a screw; and
when worked from the foot or by steam power both hands are at liberty
for work. The slide or ram is also readily and expeditiously adjusted.
The metallic parts of penholders and screws of the kind called wood
screws may be treated by the processes herein-before described, for the
purpose of giving to them a durable black protecting surface, and
converting their surface into steel where great strength is required.
30
SPECIFICATION in pursuanco of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Josiah Mason in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 20th March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Joslah
MASON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, send
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, givė
and grant unto me, the said Josiah Mason, Her special license that I,
the said Josiah Mason, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Josiah Mason, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agreo with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
METALLIC PENS, AND IN PRESSES OR MACHINES FOR THE MANUFActure of METALLIC
PENS AND PENHOlders, Parts of wHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE Applied to the
MANUFACTURE OF THE METALLIC PARTS OF PENHOLDERS AND TO WOOD SCREWS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Josiah Mason,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Josiah Mason, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :—
My improvements in the manufacture of metallic pens consist in
making them of steel or of iron by the following process or combination
of processes-I take slicet steel or sheet iron in the state in which the
said steel or iron is left by the bright rolling process, and I cut blanks
therefrom. I make the slit and the required piercings in the said blank,
and afterwards raise or give the required curved figure to the blank by
the machinery herein-after described, or other machinery. The pen is
completed in the ordinary way.
By the use of steel or iron, and the process or series of processes
described, the processes of hardening and tempering required in the
ordinary manufacture are dispensed with, and pens of good quality

page_text: produced. The pens thus made may have a rich durable black surface
communicated to them by being heated in contact with fatty or oily
matters, such as whale oil or tallow. By this treatment the pens are
also rendered less susceptible of oxidation than when the iron or steel is
left in its ordinary state.
The quality of the iron pens may be further improved by treating them
by a caschardening process conducted in the ordinary way, whereby tho
surface of the metal is carbonized and converted into steel, and great
strength and elasticity communicated to the peus.
The metallic parts of penholders and screws of the kind called wood
screws may be treated by the processes last described for the purpose of
giving to them a durable black protecting surface, and converting their
surface into steel where great strength is required.
My improvements in presses or machines for the manufacture of
metallic pens and the metallic parts of penholders consist of the following
construction and arrangement or combination of the parts for working
the rams or plungers of the said presses or machines.
Instead of working the ram or plunger carrying the cutting, piercing,
slitting, or other tool of the press or machine by means of a screw as
usual I work the ram or plunger as follows:-
According to my Invention I make the ram or plunger in the form of
a slide, the said slide working in a vertical dovetail in the side of the
frame of the press. The rising and falling motion is given to the said
ram or slide by means of a cranked arm on a rocking shaft, the said
rocking shaft being worked by means of a weighted lever on the outer
end of the said shaft. Motion is communicated to the said weighted
lever from the foot of the workman, by means of a vertical connecting
rod connected at its upper end to one end of the weighted lever, the
bottom end of the said connecting rod being jointed to a treadle presser
upon by the foot of the workman. The stroke of the slide or ram is
adjusted by screw bolts and slots. The cranked arm of the rocking
shaft moves through the arc of a circle, and the said arm is connected to
the slide or ram in the following way :-The pin or stud of the cranked
arm works in a sliding plate or moveable bearing having a to-and-fro
horizontal motion in a slot in the slide or ram of the press or machine.
As the cranked arm performs its reciprocating motion through the arc
of a circle its pin or stud moves the sliding plate or bearing across tho

page_text: horizontal slot in the slide or ram, and at the same time lifts or depresses
the said slide or ram and the tool carried by it. When pressure is put on
the treadle by the foot of the workman the motion is transmitted through
the connecting rod described to the weighted lever, and from the
weighted lever to the rocking shaft, and the cranked arm of the said
shaft gives the descending or advance motion to the slide or ram. On
removing the pressure from the treadle the weighted lever gives the
ascending or return motion to the slide or ram, and parts connected
with it.
Instead of working the press by the foot it may be worked by one
hand or by steam power.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents in side elevation,
Figure 2 in plan, and Figure 3 in front elevation a press or machine,
the parts of which are combined or arranged according to my Invention ;
Figures 4 and 5 are parts of the same. The same letters of referenco
indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
a is the slide or ram carrying at its bottom the cutting or other tool b,
the said slide or ram working in the vertical dovetail c in the frame of
the press; d is the rocking shaft by which a rising and falling motion is
given to the slide a, the said shaft working in the long bearing & on the
frame of the machine. On the outer end of the rocking shaft d is a
weighted lever e, by which motion is given to the said shaft d. The
inner end of the shaft d is cranked at d³, and is provided with a pin or
stud d'. This pin or stud works in the sliding plate or moveable
bearing f, the said plate or bearing having a to-and-fro horizontal motion
in the slot of the slide or ram a of the press.
I
The manner in which the pin d' of the cranked arm d³ engages with
the plate or bearing of the slide a will be best understood by an
examination of the front elevation of the slide a, a portion being repre-
sented in section in Figure 4, and the horizontal section of the rocking
shaft d, weighted lever e, slide a, and moveable bearing plates, in
Figure 5. Motion is communicated to the weighted lever e by the con-
necting rod ½, the lower end of the said rod being jointed to a treadle
which is pressed upon by the foot of the workman; or motion may be
given to the connecting rod by hand. The stroke of the slide or ram a
is adjusted by the fixed screw bolts i, i, on the frame of the machine,
slots k in the slides working upon the stems of the said bolts. When

page_text: pressure is put on the treadle at the bottom of the rod h motion is
transmitted through the weighted lever e to the rocking shaft d, and
the crank pin d' moves through the are of a circle, and thereby gives the
descending motion to the ram or slide a, the sliding plate or bearing
during the motion of the crank pin moving in the horizontal slot g in
the said ram or slide a. When the pressure is removed from the treadle
the weighted lever e gives the ascending or return stroke to the slide or
ram a, and parts connected with it.
Instead of a weight on the lever e a spring may be connected to the
said lever for giving the return motion.
Instead of working the slide or ram of the press or machine by means
of a cranked lever, as before described, a link may be substituted therefor.
This modification of my Invention is represented in side elevation in
Figure 6, plan in Figure 7, and front elevation in Figure 8 of the
Drawings.
« is the ram or slide working in the dovetail c in the frame of the
machine. Jointed at d to the front of the frame of the press is a lever d,
the outer end of which is connected by the connecting rod e to the
treadlef, or the lever d may be worked by hand. The lever d is con-
nected to the ram or slide a by means of the link g, the said link being
jointed to the said lever and to the slide in the manner best seen in
Figures 6 and 8. On pressure being put on the treadle the slide or
ram a make its down stroke, the motion of the treadle being transmitted
through the connecting rod e, lever d, and link g, as will be understood
by an examination of the Drawings. The stroke of the slide or ram a is
adjusted in this machine by a single bolt in the frame of the machine,
the stem of which bolt works in the slot i in the said slide or ram.
The machines or presses herein-before described and illustrated in the
Drawings are specially applicable for cutting out, piercing, and slitting
metallic pens and the metallic parts of penholders, but may also be
employed for other processes in the manufacture of pens and penholders.
By my improvements the press or machine is not liable to the back
lash which is common to presses or machines worked by a screw; and
when worked from the foot or by steam power both hands are at liberty
for work. The slide or ram is also readily and expeditiously adjusted.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated,
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention; but I claim as my Invention,―
pens
Firstly. The improvements in the manufacture of metallic lierein-
before described, that is to say, cutting blanks from sheet steel or sheet
iron in the state in which it is left by the bright rolling process, next
slitting and piercing the blanks, and afterwards raising or giving the
required curved figure to the said blanks, whereby the ordinary processes
of hardening and tempering are dispensed with.
Secondly. Giving a durable black protecting surface to metallic pens
and the metallic parts of penholders, and to wood screws, by heating the
same in contact with fatty or oily matters, as herein-before described.
Thirdly. Increasing the strength and elasticity of iron pens made as
herein-before described, and increasing the strength of wood screws by
casehardening them, so as to convert the surface of the iron into steel,
as herein-before described.
Lastly. The improvements in presses or machines for the manufacture
of metallic pens and penholders, herein-before described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, making the ram or
plunger carrying the cutting, piercing, slitting, or other tool in the form
of a slide, and working the said slide by means of mechanism, the parts
of which are arranged or combined substantially as described and
illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Josiah Mason, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Fifteenth day of March, in the year of our
Taal Own thousand eight hundred and seventy-three
Witness,
JOHN SINCOCK.
JOSIAH MASON. (L.S.)