IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO STEAM PUMPS FOR
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frank Pearn, Sinclair Pearn, and Thomas Addyman, of
West Gorton, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO STEAM PUMPS FOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frank Pearn, Sinclair Pearn,
and Thomas Addyman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
29th September 1880.
FRANK PEARN, SINCLAIR PEARN, and THOMAS ADDYMAN, of West Gorton;
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS IN OB
APPLICABLE TO STEAM PUMPS FOR PUMPING WATER, AIR, AND OTHER FLUIDS."
Firstly. Our Invention relates to that combination and arrangement of steam
pumps described in the Specification of a Patent granted to the said Frank Pearn
and Sinclair Pearn, numbered 3870, and dated the 19th October 1877, and this
part of our present Invention refers to the combination with the said direct acting
steam pump of a small cylinder and piston connected, so as to move to and fro
with the rod of the pistons actuating the main steam and exhaust slide valves of
the steam cylinder, the piston in the small cylinder drawing in air through a small
inlet valve at each end of it; but when the piston passes one of two small holes
in the middle part of the cylinder, the air in that end of the cylinder towards
which the piston is moving is enclosed and compressed, and thus acts as a cushion
against the sudden shock of the reversal of the said pistons and steam valve for the
main steam cylinder.
Secondly. Our Invention relates to direct acting steam pumps similar to those
above described, and consists in dispensing with the levers or tappets within the
steam cylinder for working the small steam valves which admit to and exhaust the
steam from the cylinders of the pistons that actuate the main steam slide valve, and
in bringing a piston rod from these small valves through a gland from the steam
chest and connecting it by a rod with one arm of an inverted T lever, two arms
of which are cam shaped, so as to be acted upon by the edge of a disc on the main

page_text: piston and pump rod to give oscillations to the T lever, and thus work the small
slide steam valves. The fulcrum of the T lever is carried on a piston or on a rod
or projection from it, and this piston moves to and fro in a cylinder so as to move
the fulcrum nearer to or further from the main piston and pump rod, which
movement will cause the cam surface of the T lever to be acted upon by the disc
upon the main steam and pump piston rod at a point nearer to and further from the
end of the stroke, and thus operate the small slide valves accordingly. The piston
and cylinder for the fulcrum of the T cam lever is connected with a small pump or
cylinder worked from the main piston rod or some part connected with it, and the
fluid pumped or displaced and passed into the cylinder flows back into a cistern
for the small pump, or into the cylinder through a small cock or valve, the opening
through which can be regulated.
At a given speed the piston for the T lever will be sustained at a given height
and will work the small valves to cut off accordingly; but if the speed increases
more water will be pumped or forced by the small pump than can flow back
through the passage in the cock in the same time, and this will accumulate in the.
cylinder and will change the position of the fulcrum of the T lever and the speed
of the engine accordingly. Another mode of governing the speed of direct acting
steam pumps, according to our Invention, consists in combining with the piston
rod connected with the small air cushion cylinder described under the first head of
our Invention, or with some moving part of the engine, a small pump to pump
water into the cylinder of a loaded ram or piston, from which the water can flow
back through a regulating valve or cock to a cistern to supply the small pump.
The loaded ram is connected with a throttle valve or regulator supplying steam to
the main cylinder.
When the engine begins to move too fast the loaded ram will rise and throttle
the steam supply, and vice versa, when the engine runs too slow,
Thirdly. Our Invention relates to a combination and arrangement of direct
acting steam ram pumps, and consists in a large ram working in a cylinder pro-
vided with inlet and outlet valves. This large moving ram forms the cylinder for
a fixed ram, half the area of the large ram. The large ram is worked directly by
a steam cylinder, the piston of which passes through a gland and through the fixed
ram, and is secured to the bottom of the large ram. Or the piston rod from the
steam cylinder is connected to a cross head, which is connected to the exterior of
the large ram by two side rods. The action of this direct acting steam ram pump
is such that the outlet stroke of the large ram discharges half the water in the
cylinder at the outlet, the other half passing into the cylinder of the smaller ram
(that is, into the inside of the large ram), and at the inlet stroke of the large ram
the water in the small ram (equal to half the capacity of the large ram cylinder)
is discharged at the outlet, the pump being thus double acting, with one set of
inlet and outlet valves.
This direct acting steam ram pump is arranged with an air vessel, and with the
rams and steam cylinder either in a vertical or horizontal position.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frank Pearn, Sinclair Pearn, and Thomas Addyman in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 25th March 1881.
FRANK PEARN, SINCLAIR PEARN, and THOMAS ADDYMAN, of West Gorton,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers.
APPLICABLE TO STEAM PUMPS FOR PUMPING WATER, AIR, AND OTHER FLUIDS."
Firstly. Our Invention relates to that combination and arrangement of steam
pumps described in the Specification of a Patent granted to the said Frank Pearn
and Sinclair Pearn, numbered 3870, and dated the 19th October 1877, and this
part of our present Invention refers to the combination with the said direct acting
steam pump of a small cylinder and piston connected so as to move to and fro with
the rod of the pistons actuating the main steam and exhaust slide valve of the
steam cylinder, the piston in the small cylinder drawing in air through a small inlet
valve at each end of it, but when the piston passes one of two small holes in the
middle part of the cylinder the air in that end of the cylinder towards which the
piston is moving is enclosed and compressed, and this acts as a cushion against
the sudden shock of the reversal of the said pistons and steam valve for the main
steam cylinder.
Secondly. Our Invention relates to direct acting steam pumps similar to those
above described, and consists in dispensing with the levers or tappets within the
steam cylinder for working the small steam valves which admit to and exhaust the
steam from the cylinders of the pistons that actuate the main steam slide valve, and
in bringing a piston rod from these small valves through a gland from the steam
chest and connecting it by a rod with one arm of an inverted T lever, two arms of
which are cam shaped, so as to be acted upon by the edge of a disc or other
projection on the main piston and pump rod to give oscillations to the T lever, and
thus work the small slide steam valves.
The fulcrum of the T lever is in one modification carried on a piston or ram, or
on a rod or projections from it, and this piston moves to and fro in a cylinder, so as
to move the fulcrum nearer to or further from the main piston and pump rod, which
movement will cause the cam surface of the T lever to be acted upon by the disc
or projection upon the main steam and pump piston rod at a point nearer to and
further from the end of the stroke (as the case may be), and thus operate the small
alide valves accordingly.
The piston and cylinder for the fulcrum of the T cam lever is connected with a
small pump or cylinder, or two pumps are used, worked from the main piston rod
or some part connected with it, and the fluid pumped or displaced and passed into
the cylinder flows back into a cistern for the small pump or into the cylinder
through a small cock or valve, the opening through which can be regulated.
At a given speed the piston for the T lever will be sustained at a given height
and will work the small valves to cut off accordingly; but if the speed increased,
more water will be pumped or forced by the small pump than can flow back
through the passage in the cock in the same time, and this will accumulate in the
cylinder, and will change the position of the fulcrum of the T lever and the speed
of the engine accordingly. Another mode of governing the speed of direct acting
steam pumps, according to our Invention, consists in combining with the piston rod
connected with the small air cushion cylinder, described under the first head of our
Invention, or with some moving part of the engine, a small pump to pump water
into the cylinder of a loaded ram or piston, from which the water can flow back
through a regulating valve or cock to a cistern to supply the small pump. The
loaded ram is connected with a throttle valve or regulator supplying steam to
the main cylinder. When the engine begins to move too fast the loaded ram

page_text: will rise and throttle the steam supply, and vice versa when the engine runs
too slow.
Thirdly. Our Invention relates to a combination and arrangement of direct
acting steain ram pumps, and consiste in a large ram working in a cylinder
provided with inlet and outlet valves; this large moving ram forms the cylinder for
a fixed ram half the area of the large ram.
The large ram is worked directly by a steam cylinder, the piston of which passes
through a gland and through the fixed ram, and is secured to the bottom of the
large ram.
Ŏr the piston rod from the steam cylinder is connected to a cross head, which is
connected the the exterior of the large ram by two side rods. Or two piston rods
are used, passing through the bottom of the steam cylinder, and then connected
with the ram.
The action of this direct acting steam ram pump is such that the outlet stroke of
the large ram discharges half the water in the cylinder at the outlet, the other half
passing into the cylinder of the smaller ram (that is, into the inside of the large
ram), and at the inlet stroke of the large ram the water in the small ram (equal to
half the capacity of the large ram cylinder) is discharged at the outlet, the pump
being.thus double acting, with one set of inlet and outlet valves.
This direct acting steam ram pump is arranged with an air vessel and with the
rams and steam cylinder either in a vertical or horizontal position.
Fig. 1 is a side sectional elevation of a steam pump, having applied to it the
improvements according to the first part of our Invention. The steam cylinder,
piston, and valve mechanism illustrated are similar to that described in the
Specification of the aforesaid Letters Patent No. 3870, A.D. 1877, granted to
Frank Pearn and Sinclair Pearn.
a is the pump; b, the pump and piston rod; b', the piston; c, the main steam
cylinder; d, the levers for actuating the small valves; c, the main valve for the
steam cylinder; e, the pistons; e', the piston rod; e³, the cylinders, and d', the
small valves for actuating the main valve c³.
All the pistons and valves are shown in mid position, but it will be understood
that the valve mechanism is only in this position for a moment, when passing from
one extreme to the other.
Our Invention consists in extending the piston rod e¹ through a gland, and
coupling it with the piston rod f' of a small piston f* and cylinder f, which is or
may be secured to any part of the framing; in the example shown it is bolted to
the side of the pump.
The air cylinder f has two small ordinary lifting valves ƒ³, which open into the
cylinder, and there are two small holes f* in the cylinder, so that when the
piston (f) in moving to one end of the cylinder (f) covers one of these
holes (*), the air then in the cylinder is compressed as the piston (f³) advances,
and this prevents the shock of the sudden reversal of the valve c¹.
Instead of a separate air cylinder (f) outside the steam cylinder, the two small
steam cylinders for actuating the main steam valve care or may be closed at
both ends, and the rod e' will then pass through a packing gland.
In this case a small valve (similar, to f³) is placed to admit air from the outside,
or steam from the steam chest into the inner end of each cylinder, there being a
small hole (similar to f*) provided in each cylinder, so that when the pistons are
moving, the piston after covering the small hole will compress the enclosed air or
steam which ever is used.
One piston e will thus act at one end to cushion the movement one way, and the
other piston at the other end to cushion the movement the other way.
Or one small cylinder is or may be double acting, and made to operate the main
valve both ways, while the other small cylinder and piston is arranged to cushion
the movements. In this latter case the steam passage from one small valve d' will
have to be made to pass to the other end of the main cylinder, and to communicate
with the inner end of the small steam cylinder e³.

page_text: Fig. 2 is a side sectional elevation illustrating the mode of carrying out the
second part of our Invention.
a is the pump; b, the pump and piston rod; c, the steam cylinder with an
ordinary slide valve; e, the valve spindle passing from the steam chest to the
piston rode of a small steam cylinder e³ for actuating the main alide valve of the
main steam cylinder a.
This small steam cylinder 2 is of ordinary construction, with an ordinary
slide valve and valve spindle passing out or the steam or valve chest, through a
stuffing gland to be jointed with a link g¹, which is also jointed with the end of one
arm of a T lever g, the long arms of which are curved.
The fulcrum of this T lever may be stationary, but in this case it is carried upon
a hollow box, piston, or ram 9, which can move up and down in a vertical
cylinder g secured on the framing.
Assuming that the fulcrum of the T lever g is stationary, a projection 6' carried
upon the piston and pump rod will come in contact with the curved arms of the
Tlever, at or near the end of each stroke of the main steam piston, and reverse the
small valve of the small cylinder, which will reverse the main valve of the main
steam cylinder; but if the fulcrum of the T lever g is raised or lowered, the
tappet b' on the pump rod will act sooner or later upon the T lever, as the case
may be.
Weights or springs (not shown) are arranged in any convenient manner to act
constantly to lift the fulcrum, and thus the ram g³ in connection with it, and water
is continually pumped into the ram cylinder by one double or two small single
acting ram pumps h (shown in dotted line), which are connected with the projection
from the pump rod. The weight or spring acts to force the water out of the ram
cylinder g through a pipe passing to a small cistern that supplies the small pump
or pumps, and by a cock, plug, or valve in this outlet pipe, the velocity at which
the water can pass out is regulated.
If the engine increases in speed or its stroke in length, more water is forced into
the cylinder g than can escape in the same time, and the T lever g is lowered, and
the steam valve is consequently moved earlier, and this will reduce the stroke or
speed of the engine, and vice versa, if the engine decreases in stroke or speed.
The connecting water and steam pipes are not shown in the Drawings. The
outlet water from the cylinder may be taken from the inlet pipe, so that one pipe
need only be used.
The piston rod of the small steam cylinder e³ passes to and is connected with the
piston of an air cylinder f, as herein before described in reference to Fig. 1, to cushion
the movements of the main steam valve and small piston.
Fig. 3 illustrates a similar arrangement to Fig. 2 for working and cushioning
the main steam valve and small piston, except that the fulcrum of the T lever g is
stationary.
It is or may be made adjustable by being arranged on a slide and actuated by
a screw or other means, or the tappet be carried on the pump rod is or may be
made adjustable to and from the lever g, and the connecting link g¹ may also
be made adjustable in length by a right and left handed screw coupling.
The modification, shown by Fig. 8, refers to means for actuating a superimposed
"cut off" valve upon the main steam slide valve c¹ by means of a small piston i¹
and cylinder i The cut off valve plate o has a rod that passes through a gland
and is connected with one end of a lever 3, the other end of which is jointed with
the piston rod of the small cylinder i.
The piston rod is acted upon by two springs or weight levers, so that when
the piston is moved from the central position towards one end, one spring or
weight lever will act to bring it back to the central position.
There are two small single acting pumps shown in dotted line, one pump
discharges into one end, the other into the other end of the small cylinder i.
The pipe (not shown) conveying the water from the small pump has an

page_text: outlet which can be regulated by a cock or lifting valve which may be loaded to a
given extent to allow the water to escape back out of the pipe from the cylinder to
the cistern for supplying the small pumps.
While the small piston remains in the central position, there is no earlier "cut
off" of the steam to the main valve c¹; but when it is moved towards either end,
more or less, or sooner or later, after the commencement of the stroke of the pump,
there is a more or less early "cut off."
The small pumps A will cause a movement in the small piston if the water
pumped in at each stroke does not all run back before the next stroke; and if the
speed of the engine increases, the piston i¹ is moved more quickly or to a greater 1
extent from its central position, and less quickly, or to a less extent, when the
speed of the engine diminishes, and thus the steam can be worked more or less
expansively as required, and also according to the speed of the engine, and the
speed is thus also governed or regulated.
By another modification there is a slide valve to admit and exhaust the fluid to 1
and from the small cylinder i, and the small valve is moved to and fro by
connection with the arm of the T lever g, the two pumps h by a pipe connected
with both force water into the valve chest of the small cylinder i, and it flows back
to the cistern of the small pumps from the exhaust of the valve, and the speed at
which it escapes is regulated by a cock or valve. There is also an orifice for 2
escape from the valve chest or from the pipe leading to it which can be regulated.
Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation, and Fig. 5 is also a sectional elevation, but one
elevation is at a right angle to the other, and these Figures illustrate our improved
combinations according to the third part of our Invention.
c is the main steam cylinder carried upon and secured to a box or chest, forming 2
parts hereinafter described.
The piston b' has in this case two rods b which pass through two glands,
and are connected with a part to which the moving ram is attached.
The main steam slide valve c', the small steam piston, and cylinder e³, air or
cushion cylinder f, T lever g, and tappet projection 6 for actuating it, are similar
to those herein before described in reference to Figs. 2 and 3.
The moving ram ; works through gland packing into the cylinder j', and works
by gland packing in the upper part of the ram upon the fixed hollow small
ram j³.
The liquid enters at the passage through the inlet valves at * (not shown), ;
enters the ram cylinder j', and passes out through the outlet valve at (not
shown), up the pipe to the interior of the hollow fixed ram and moving ram j;
but as while the liquid is being forced out of the large ram j, there is only space
in the small ram for part of the liquid discharged from the large ram cylinder 21;
the surplus passes out along the pipe 77 (shown by dotted line) to the air vessel 78
from which it is conveyed away.
When the large ram j is making its inward stroke to draw in liquid, that
in its interior and in the interior of the fixed ram is also fixed into the air
vessel.
Thus there is a discharge both at the up and down stroke of the ram j.
We have now particularly described the nature of our said Invention and the
modes of carrying the same into effect, and claim as our Invention,―
Firstly. The combination with direct acting steam pumps where the main
steam slide valve (c) is actuated by steam pistons (6) of an air or steam cushion
cylinder (f) and piston, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
the Drawings.
Secondly. The combination of valve gear for direct acting steam pumps to work
the valves of the small steam cylinder which operate the main steam slide valve (c¹),
and also the arrangements for varying the cut off according to the speed of the
steam pump, substantially as herein before described under the second head of our
Invention and illustrated by the Drawings.

page_text: Thirdly. The combination and arrangement of steam pumps, substantially as
herein before described under the third head of our Invention, and illustrated by
the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frank Pearn, on my own behalf and on
behalf of the said Sinclair Pearn and Thomas Addyman, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty first day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
FRANK PEARN. (L.S.)