Improved Means for Preventing the Bursting of Stand and Water Pipes in Frosty Weather.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Sept., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 14th June, 1897-Accepted, 31st July, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Preventing the Bursting of Stand and Water
Pipes in Frosty Weather.
I JOHN WATSON of Wentbridge near Pontefract in the County of York, Land Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention is designed more especially for use in connection with stand and
other pipes in situations which are exposed to the action of frost but it is also useful
in connection with stop taps for houses and for other purposes. Its object is to
prevent the bursting of the pipes by draining away or discharging the whole of the
water or other liquid left in the pipes on the delivery side of the stop cock or valve or
tap on the closing of such cock or valve or tap. For this purpose I use a cock
of special construction hereinafter described or an escape valve also hereinafter
described.
The cock to be used for the above purpose may be of the ordinary plug construction
but in addition to the main water passage through the plug I drill a small drain hole
in one side of the plug at right angles to the main water passage through it and
leading into it. I also drill or otherwise form a drain hole in the body or outer
portion of the cock so that when the cock is closed the main hole in the plug allows
the water or other fluid on the delivery side of the cock to pass down the small drain
hole into the main water passage and out at the drain hole in the body of the cock
which in order to prevent escape must be at the opposite side of the body to that to
which the drain hole in the cock points when the cock is open. I provide a stop pin
to allow the cock to turn a quarter round only. But the drain holes in the plug and
also in the body may be so arranged as that the cock may be allowed to turn both up
and down.
When an escape valve is used then instead of a cock with drain holes as herein-
before described an ordinary cock or stop valve may be used but in that case I provide
a separate escape consisting of a ball or other outlet valve fixed on the delivery side
of the cock and so adjusted that the pressure of the supply will close it when the
cock or stop valve is open, whilst the back pressure when the cock is closed will be
insufficient to keep the valve closed and so the water above the stop cock or stop valve
or tap will escape.
My invention is equally applicable to pipes in horizontal as well as vertical positions
and so far as relates to the use of drain holes is equally applicable with obvious
modifications to any other form of stop cock or valve.
I place my apparatus, whether cock or valve, either underground or in some suitable
chamber so as to protect it from the action of frost and it may be worked by means
of a handle of any convenient length to make it easily accessible. And I provide
suitable drainage to allow the escaped water to flow freely away.
OLL day of Santambor 1906

page_text: Improved Means for Preventing the Bursting of Stand and Water
Pipes in Frosty Weather.
I JOHN WATSON of Wentbridge near Pontefract in the County of York Land Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what inanner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention is designed more especially for use in connection with stand and other
pipes in situations which are exposed to the action of frost but it is also useful in
connection with stop taps for houses and for other purposes.
Its object is to prevent the bursting of the pipes from the action of frost by
draining away or discharging the whole of the water or other liquid left in the pipes
on the delivery side of the stop cock or valve or tap on the closing of such cock or
valve or tap.
For this purpose I use a cock of special construction hereinafter
described or an escape valve also hereinafter described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
The cock to be used for the above purpose may be of the ordinary plug construction
and such a cock is shown in the drawings but in addition to the main water passage
through the plug, I drill or otherwise formn a small drain hole in one side of the plug at
right angles to the main water passage through it and leading into it. I also drill or
otherwise form a drain hole in the body or outer portion of the cock so that when the
cock is closed the drain hole in the plug allows the water or other fluid on the
delivery side of the cock to pass down the small drain hole into the main water
passage and out at the drain hole in the body of the cock which in order to prevent
escape must be at the opposite side of the body to that to which the drain hole in the
cock points when the cock is open. I provide a stop pin to allow the cock to turn a
quarter round only. But the drain holes in the plug and also in the body may be so
arranged as that the cock may be allowed to turn both up and down.
In the drawings Fig. 1 is a horizontal section showing the cock open. Fig. 2 is a
horizontal section showing the cock closed and Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a cock or
tap constructed according to my invention.
A is the body of the cock, B is the plug, C is a hole formed by drilling casting or
otherwise in the plug at a right or other convenient angle to the direction of the main
waterway D. E is a hole formed in the body A of the cock but so arranged that when
the cock is open, the hole C does not come into communication with the hole E (the
course of the water through the cock when open is indicated by the arrows and the
stand pipe, or pipe to the interior of the house or otherwise is attached to the outlet.
end of the cock).
In Fig. 2 the cock is shown shut and it will be observed that while the water from
the supply cannot pass the plug in the position shown, yet the water on the delivery
side of the plug B can pass freely through the hole C, the main waterway D and
through the hole E, and so escape, the stand pipe being thus effectually drained.
When an escape valve is used then instead of a cock with drain holes as hereinbefore
described an ordinary cock or stop valve may be used but in that case I provide a
separate escape consisting of a ball or other outlet valve fixed on the delivery side of
the cock and so adjusted that the pressure of the supply will close it when the cock
or stop valve is open whilst the back pressure when the cock is closed will not keep
the valve closed and so the water above the stop cock or stop valve or tap will escape.
Fig. 5 shows such an arrangement A is an ordinary valve or cock through which the
water runs in the direction from J to G. B is an attachment containing my escape
valve, which may obviously be of any convenient dimensions or whose form may
be modified to suit any particular case.

page_text: I have shown a ball valve C but it is evident that any other known form of valve
which is applicable may be used. The valve C is so arranged that when the water is
turned on the pressure of the water forces the valve to the position C¹ and closes the
opening H. When however the water is turned off and the pressure is thereby
removed the valve will drop by its own weight to the position C thereby permitting
the escape of water from the pipe G to the opening H. F is a narrow bar to keep
the valve in position and the form of the body B may be obviously modified for
convenience of manufacture.
In applying ny invention to a screw down valve or bib cock I prefer to fix the cock
so that the water runs through from the under to the upper side of the valve. Such
a cock or valve is shown in Fig. 4. In this case I may make a groove D upon the
valve spindle placed in such a position and of such dimensions that when the valve is
closed or nearly closed (but not otherwise) the groove D has one end outside the
gland E and clear of the same and the other end inside the gland E and clear
of the saine in which case the water remaining on the outlet side
of the valve can escape through the groove D and the standpipe be thus effectually
drained. It will be obvious that instead of the groove D a hole down the centre of
the spindle communicating with a suitable hole in the side of the same will effect
the same purpose. It will also be obvious that a similar arrangement may be effected
in a valve having the water running through it in the opposite direction by prolonging
the valve spindle downwards through the body of the cock and providing in
such elongated spindle a groove or hole similar to the groove or hole above
described.
My invention is equally applicable to pipes in horizontal as well as vertical
positions and as far as relates to the use of drain holes is equally applicable with
obvious modifications to any other form of stop cock or valve..
I place my apparatus whether cock or valve either underground or in some suitable
chamber so as to protect it from the action of frost and it may be worked my means
of a handle of any convenient length to make it easily accessible and I provide
suitable drainage to allow the escape water to flow freely away.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of any said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is-
1
.
1. The use in stop valves or cocks for water or other fluid of drain holes for the
escape of water or other fluid from the pipe on the outlet side of the valve or cock so
arranged that the drain hole is closed when the valve is open, and open when
the valve is closed, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore and in the
drawings described.
2. The use in connection with stop valves or cocks for water or other fluid of an
escape valve for the escape of water or other fluid from the pipe on the outlet. side of
the valve or cock so arranged that the escape valve is closed by the pressure of the
water when the valve or cock is open, and open when the valve or cock is closed,
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore and in the drawings described.
3. The general arrangement and combination of parts to forin an apparatus for the
escape of water or other fluid from the outlet side of valves and cocks for water or
other fluids substantially as hereinbefore and in the drawings described.
Dated this 12th day of June 1807
THOS. DALTON,
Solicitor, 65, Albion Street, Leeds, Agent for Applicant.