IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF FURNACES FOR PUDDLING, BALLING, HEATING, AND MELTING METALS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT: to. David Caddick, of Ebbw Vale, in the County. of
Monmouthshire, Furnace, Builder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF FURNACES FOR PUDDLING, BALLING,
HEATING, AND MELTING METALS."
Sealed the 12th January 1866, and dated the 19th July 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Caddick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
July '1865.
I, DAVID CADDICK, of Ebbw Vale, in the County of Monmouthshire,
Furnace Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF FURNACES FOR PUDDLING,
BALLING, HEATING, AND MELTING METALS," to be as follows:-
*.This Invention' has for its object the construction of furnaces of greater
durability than those in common use: Such furnaces as are herein-after
described can also be worked with more comfort to the men employed in pud-
dling and balling;- because of their radiating less heat than ordinary furnaces;
and in order to attain these desirable objects, I make the "jamb-blocks" of
such furnaces hollow; in the form of a box, and supply the same with water.
from four-cast-iron columns, two of which are placed in front of the furnace
on each side of the door, and two at the back of the furnace, such columns
being cast with projecting sockets for receiving the ends of bearing bars for
carrying the furnace bottom. The columns at the back of each pair of
furnaces-are so arranged as to form a foundation or support for a small steam

page_text: engine for driving any apparatus for puddling, charging, or drawing. To the
columns aforesaid water is supplied in any convenient manner, and from the
columns by means of pipes to the hollow "jamb blocks," each of which is
provided with two overflow pipes, one of such pipes to feed the jamb plates,
and the other to supply the bridge plates with water. I therefore keep up a
constant circulation of water through the columns and "jamb blocks," and
from the jamb blocks to the "jamb" and bridge plates for keeping the
same cool. When the furnaces are to be employed for heating or melting, I
propose removing the parts herein-before described, except the four cast-iron
columns, suitable openings being left for running out the iron and slag. I also
propose to construct the chimney for such furnaces of a cylindrical form with
four external buttresses, which when hooped with bar iron are intended to give
greater strength with less material than the present form of chimney.
Secondly, my improvements in working furnaces consist in forming under
each pair of furnaces a rail or tramway, so that trucks can be run underneath
each pair of furnaces for receiving the ashes and slag as they fall from the
bars, the trucks when full to be removed and replaced by others. The bearing
bars of such furnaces are made hollow, with lateral openings for supplying the
furnace with air or blast.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Caddick in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
January 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
CADDICK, of Ebbw Vale, in the County of Monmouthshire, Furnace Builder,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said David Caddick, Her special licence that I, the said David Caddick, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said David
Caddick, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION

page_text: AND WORKING OF FURNACES FOR PUDDLING, BALLING, HEATING, AND MELTING
METALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said David Caddick,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and 'ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was.to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent-Office
within six calendar months next and immediatley after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
"
}
: NOW KNOW YE, that the 'said David Caddick, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be -per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say
..
- This Invention has for its object the construction of 'furnaces of greater
durability than those in common use.. Such furnaces as are: herein-after
described can also be worked with more comfort to the men employed in pud-
dling and balling, because of their-radiating less heat than ordinary furnaces;
and in order to attain 'these desirable objects, I make the "jamb blocks", of
such furnaces hollow; in the form of a box, and supply the same with water
from four cast-iron columus, two of which, are placed in front of the furnace
on each side of the door, and two at the back of the furnace, such columns
being cast with projecting sockets for receiving the ends of bearing, bars for
carrying the furnace bottom. The columns at the back of each pair of furnaces
are so arranged as to form à foundation or support for a small steam engine.
for drawing any apparatus for puddling, charging, or drawing. "To the columns
aforesaid water is supplied in any convenient manner, and from the columns
by means of pipes to the hollow "jamb blocks," each of which is provided with
two overflow pipes, one of such pipes to feed the jamb plates, and the other to
supply the bridge plates with' water... I.therefore keep up a constant circula-
tion of water through the columns' and jamb blocks," and from the jamb
blocks to the jamb plates and bridge plates for keeping the same cool. When
the furnaces are to be employed for heating or melting, I propose removing the
parts herein-before described, except the four cast-iron columns, suitable
openings being left for running out the iron and slag. I also propose to con-
struct the chimney for such furnaces of a cylindrical form, with four external
buttresses, which when hooped with bar iron are intended to give greater
strength with less material than the present form of chimney.
Secondly, my improvements-in-working furnaces consists in forming under
each pair of furnaces a rail or tramway, so that trucks can be run underneath
each pair of furnaces for receiving the ashes, and slag as they fall- from-the

page_text: And in order that my invention may be most fumy understood and reauny
carried into practice, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a front elevation of a puddling furnace constructed
according to my Invention; Figure 2. represents a longitudinal vertical section
taken through the centre of the furnace; Figure 3, a horizontal section taken
through the line A, A, of Figure 1, shewing the water, jamb boxes, and back
wall box herein-after to be described, and also a section of the lower part of
the chimney; Figure 4 is a horizontal section of the furnace taken through
the line B, B, of Figure 1, shewing the foundation plates and mode of tying
the framework together. In all of these Figures, which are drawn to a scale
of inch to 1 foot, similar letters will be found to denote corresponding parts;
a, a, a, a,. are four cast-iron columns, which serve to support the outer casing
or side plates b, b, and by means of projecting lugs c, c, c, c, the bearing bars
e, e, e, which latter carry the bridge plates f,f, jamb plates g, g, and furnace
bottom h; i, i, i, i, are four cast-iron boxes, which I call the jamb blocks; k
(see Figure 3) is a similar box, which I call the back wall block; each of these,
jamb blocks are connected by means of pipes 1, 1, (see Figure 1) with the
columns a, a, for the purpose of being supplied with water, as is also the back
block. Each block is provided with an overflow pipe m, for the escape of
water which falls upon the jamb plates 9, 9, and bridge plates f,f, which plates
are provided with a trough, shewn in section at f, f, Figure 2. A constant
circulation of water is therefore maintained, and such water is kept running
through the columns and jamb blocks, also through the back wall block and.
over the jamb and bridge plates for keeping the same cool. By this arrange-
ment it will be observed that a considerable portion of the back and front
parts of my improved puddling furnace is formed of water spaces; such
furnaces will consequently radiate less heat, be more durable, and will be
worked with less fatigue to the men than furnaces of the ordinary construction.
The columns a, a, a, a, may be supplied with water in any convenient manner,
and provided with stop-cocks for cleaning out the same. Again water may, if
desired, be caused to flow through the bottom bearing bars, and the surplus water
from the jamb and bridge plates conducted through the ash-pit to any convenient
outlet, or allowed to flow through pipes, as shewn at a, a, Figure 5. The

page_text: columns.marked 1, 2, 3, 4, at the back of each pair of furnaces are so arranged
as to form a support for the sole plate of a small steam engine for driving any
apparatus for puddling, charging, or drawing. When the furnaces are to be
employed for heating or melting, I dispense with the parts herein-before
described, except the four columns (which are open for the passage of a current
of air) and the side plates, leaving suitable openings for running out the iron
and slag. My improvements in chimney stacks for such and other like furnaces
consist in building them of a cylindrical form with four external buttresses
r, r, stayed with wrought-iron vertical tie rods 8, s, and hoops t, t, as shewn
partly in elevation at Figure 1 and horizontal section at Figure 3.
Secondly, my improvements in working furnaces consist in forming under
each pair of furnaces a rail or tramway, so that trucks can be run underneath
each pair of furnaces for receiving the ashes and slag as they fall from the
bars. The nature of this improvement will be readily understood on referring
to Figure 5, which represents an end elevation and section of a pair of furnaces
with a truck underneath, which truck when full of ashes can be removed and
replaced by another. With a view of increasing the draft and intensity of the
flame, I propose to make the bearing bars of such furnaces as herein-before
described of the form shewn at y, y, Figures 2 and 4. These bars, which
are made hollow and rectangular in section, are connected with a blast pipe,
and being provided with a number of lateral openings will discharge a current
or currents of air into the fire below the grate bars.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise nature of the details herein-before described, so long as
the peculiar character of my Invention be retained; but that which I do claim
as of my
Invention is, the use of water spaces or boxes of any form or shape,
and for the purposes berein-before described, as applied to puddling furnaces.
"I also claim as of my Invention the mode of building chimney stacks for
puddling, balling, heating, and melting furnaces as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Caddick, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.