IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY -- OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Pearcy, of Manchester, in the County of
:
Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
-- OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 9th September 1856, and dated the 2nd May 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Pearcy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1856.
I, the said RICHARD PEARCY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to that description of mechanism used for preparing
cotton, wool, and other fibrous substances, commonly known as "Dyer's
frames," and consists in constructing the tubes so that the sliver or yarn
is caused to pass over and around part of their circumference in a spiral direc-
tion. To accomplish this object, the tubes are formed with two apertures as
passages for the yarn or sliver, one situate near the bobbin or roving end, and
the other towards the roller end, a line drawn from one to the other forming a
portion of a spiral; along which the material passes, guided by a groove, if
necessary. The tubes, thus formed, are mounted in traversing bearings at a
suitable distance from the bobbins upon which the sliver or yarn is to be
wound, and are driven by warves and bands or other convenient mechanism,

page_text: The above alludes particularly to an ordinary. "Dyer's frame," but our
Invention is also applicable to twisting or consolidating the material as it.
passes from the carding engine or other machine, and also to spinning and
doubling machinery.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Richard Pearcy in the. Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st November 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
PEARCY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me; the said
Richard Pearcy, Her special licence that I, the said Richard Pearcy, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I; the said Richard
Pearcy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel-
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Pearcy, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Royal Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Pearcy, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
My Invention relates to twisting, spinning, and doubling fibrous materials,
as cotton, wool, flax, &c., the said fibres having been subjected to several
previous operations to make them into a sliver or roving previous to being
twisted or spun into yarn. For this purpose, the material, in a state of bulk.
must be drawn out. and the fibres laid in straight lines side by side, which

page_text: operation is repeated several times to take out all the lumps, in fact the oftener
the drawing process is repeated the more even the yarn will be when twisted
or spun. Now, the object of my Invention is to put either much or little
permanent twist into the sliver or roving at the roving or tube frame, according
as it may be required for the purposes intended; for instance, in very coarse
yarn I put sufficient twist in it at this process to dispense with the jack frame,
mule, or throstle; but if it is intended for fine yarn, and to be further drawn.
out and twisted by the throstle or mule, I only give it the requisite amount of
twist to suit it for the spinning operation.
1
The nature of my said Invention will be easily understood by all persons.
conversant with the machine called "Dyer's tube frame," in which a tube is:
used to conduct the roving from the front or delivery rollers to the bobbin, the
roving passing through the tube which revolves, and by its rotary motion gives.
twist to the roving behind the tube, that is, between the tube and the delivery
rollers, but untwists it again as it delivers it at the other end and lays it on the
bobbin. In this tube there are two small holes near its point or end, through
both of which the roving passes before it escapes at the end, that is to say, the
roving is passed into the tube and up through the first hole, and then down
through the second hole, and out at the end of the tube in a straight direction..
To make the twist permanent, I pass the sliver spirally round the tube from
one hole to the other, to effect which the holes differ from those ordinarily used
in Dyer's tube frames, as they must be made a much greater,distance apart, by
which the strain on the roving is lessened. If I wish to put in very little twist
I pass the roving only half way round the tube from one hole to the other, and
to encrease the amount of twist I pass it once or more times round, according
to the amount of twist required. I also place the back part of the tube parallel
and nearly in contact with the delivery rollers, and keep the front cr delivery
part of the tube a distance from the bobbin, instead of pressing against the
roving on the bobbin, as is the case in Dyer's frame. To double yarns or
threads I pass two or more threads through the tube and spirally round it, as
already described, and by the rotary motion of the tube the doubling process is
accomplished.
The manner of carrying this my said Invention into practical effect will be
clearly understood by reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and
the letters of reference thereon; in which Fig. 1 is a transverse section of a
tube frame, shewing my improved tube and the manner of threading the sliver
into it; Fig. 2 is a front elevation of two of the tubes with their parts attached;
Fig. 3, an end view of one of the tubes in its frame, with the bobbin and
friction drum; Fig. 4, a tube detached; Fig. 5, another tube with a whorl or

page_text: wharve instead of the pully, as seen in Fig. 4; and Fig. 6 is a view of the
usual tube as used in Dyer's frame, shewing the roving through the tube in a
straight direction, that is to say, without the spiral. a represents the feed
rollers; b, the whorl or pully by which the tube is made to revolve; c, my
improved tube, having the holes some distance apart so as to allow the roving
or sliver to coil round the tube in an elongated spiral direction, either partially.
or wholly round, as seen in Figs. 3, 4, and 5.
Fig. 6 shews Dyer's tube, with the roving or sliver passing down the tube,
up through the first hole, and down the second, out of the end of the tube in a
straight direction, the holes being near the end of the tube and almost close
together.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly understood that.
I do not confine myself to the exact details herein described, but I claim as the
Invention, whereof the exclusive use is intended to be secured by the said
Letters Patent, machinery or apparatus in which the sliver roving thread or
threads pass round the tube in the processes of twisting, spinning, or doubling
in an elongated spiral form, through two holes at a distance asunder, as herein
described, and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Pearcy, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
RICHARD PEARCY. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named Richard Pearcy, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.