CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Young, of Grangemouth, in the County of
Stirling, North Britain, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS."
Sealed the 13th August 1867, and dated the 26th February 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Young at the
- Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1867.
I, GEORGE YOUNG, of Grangemouth, in the County of Stirling, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a novel arrangement and construction of the
burners of lamps to be used for the purpose of burning mineral and other oils
whereby a bright, clear, and smokeless flame is obtained. The burners are
constructed with a chamber surrounding the lower part of the wick holder or
tube, the side or sides of which are perforated. A metallic or other disc is
provided which passes down over the wick holder or tube, and at the same
time rests upon the top of the chamber sides; the disc is also perforated.
Above the chamber a cavity is provided, in the centre of which the wick tube
is situated, the top of this cavity having a moveable cap with an opening across
through which the flame issues; the sides of this cavity are provided with
openings which may be of any ornamental form.
be of any ornamental form. In burning, the air passes

page_text: in the perforations around the chamber, up through the perforations in the
dise, and thence mixes with the gas in the upper part of the cavity herein-
before referred to, and on issuing at the central orifice it is consumed, the
flame being of an exceedingly bright, steady, and smokeless nature, so that by
means of this Invention the use of chimneys is dispensed with.
The second part of this Invention relates to miners' lamps, and its essential
feature consists in making the "lamp body" and "wick spout" all in one
piece; this is effected by cutting out the plate from which the lamp is to be
produced with a projecting piece on it for the spout. As soon as the metal is
bent round to approximate the required form of the body the bent plate is
now put into a die of the required shape which forces the plate to assume the
finished form, after which the two edges of the plate are joined, and the upper
edges of the spout also united.
The object of this part of the Invention is to prevent the spout from being
melted off from the body of the lamp when the miner is at work, an occurrence
which frequently takes place with lamps wherein the spout is soldered to the
body.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Young in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th August 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
YOUNG, of Grangemouth, in the County Stirling, North Britain, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Young, Her special license that I, the said George Young, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Young, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree.
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed; should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LAMPS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Young, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-

page_text: ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Young, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates, firstly, to a novel arrangement and construction
of burners for lamps to be used for the purpose of burning mineral and
other oil whereby a bright, clear, and smokeless flame is obtained. The
burners are constructed with a chamber surrounding the lower part of the
wick holder or tube, the side or sides of which are perforated. A metallic
or other disc is provided, which passes down over the wick holder or tube, and
at the same time rests upon the top of the chamber sides; the disc is also
perforated. Above the chamber a cavity is provided, in the centre of which
the wick tube is situated, the top of the cavity having a moveable cap with
an opening across through which the flame issues; the sides of the cavity are
provided with openings which may be of any ornamental form. In burning,
the air passes in the perforations around the chamber, up through the per-
forations in the disc, and thence mixes with the gas in the upper part of the
cavity herein-before referred to, an on issuing at the central orifice it is
consumed, the flame being of an exceedingly bright, steady, and smokeless
nature, so that by means of this Invention the use of chimneys is dispensed with.
The second part of this Invention relates to miners' lamps, and its essential
feature consists in making the "lamp body" and "wick spout," all in one
piece; this is effected by cutting out the plate from which the lamp is to be
produced with a projecting piece on it for the spout. As soon as the metal
is bent round to approximate the required form of the body the bent plate is
put into a die or matrix of the required shape, which forces the plate to assume
its finished form, after which the two edges of the plate are joined, and the
upper edge of the spout also united.
The object of this part of the Invention is to prevent the spout from being
melted off from the body of the lamp when the miner is at work, an occurrence
which frequently takes place with lamps wherein the spout is soldered to the body.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood [
now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner in or
under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect,

page_text: reference being bad, for the sake of more complete elucidation, to the several
Figures upon the explanatory Sheet of Drawings, which I have hereunto
appended, that is to say :-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the lamp constructed in accordance with
this Invention; Figure 2 is a transverse central vertical section of the same;
and Figure 3 a plan; Figures 4 and 5 being details herein-after more par-
ticularly referred to.
The vessel A is constructed in the ordinary manner, and into the centre of
its upper side the tube or passage B for holding the wick is screwed. On one
side of the wick tube B a box or casing C is attached, containing a toothed
wheel carried on the shaft D, Figures 1 and 3, by turning which by means of
the thumb and finger, either in a right or left hand direction, the wick
accordingly is raised or lowered. The casing E is perforated near its lower
end by a row of holes a, through which the air passes to the interior, and
in escaping it passes up through the guide channel b to mix with the oil
and gas at the top of the burner, and thence issues from the wick. The
guide channel b is screwed to the cap c, which fits on or into the upper end of
the casing E, (as shown at Figure 2; whilst the whole of the guide channel
and upper part of the wick and wick tube are enclosed within the metallic cap
F; through an opening d the flame escapes. Additional air is supplied
through the openings e in the cap F; the direction of the currents of air will
be best understood from the arrows by which these are indicated in Figure 2.
In lieu of using the guide channel b, as herein previously described, this may
be dispensed with and the cap c may be perforated as shown at Figures 4,
and 5, the upward current of air passing through these perforations. It is
to be understood that the form or shape of the different details may be altered
from what I have shown to suit any particular cases, what I have herein shown
being well adapted for being placed within the lamp casing of a railway
carriage, railway signal, ship lamp, hand lamp, or lanthorn, the flame being
steady and extremely bright, besides being practically smokeless, so that lamp
chimneys are dispensed with.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider novel and original, and therefor
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
First, the arrangement and construction of lamps for burning oils, as herein-
before described and shown in the accompanying Sheets of Drawings, or any
mere modification thereof.

page_text: Second, the means for carrying the air to the top of the burners by which
the air is supplied in a heated state, and perfect combustion effected, as herein-
before described, or any mere modification thereof.
Third, the production of a practically smokeless flame so that lamp chimneys
are rendered unnecessary, as herein-before described.
Fourth, the mode of constructing miners' lamps, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Young, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-seven.
GEORGE YOUNG. (L.S.)
GEORGE YOUNG. (L.8.)