Improvements in Sausage-filling Machines.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 28th June, 1890-Accepted, 9th Aug., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Sausage-filling Machines.
I, FREDERICK JOHN GARDNER, trading as John Gardner and Son, of Smithfield
Works, No. 11 Bradford Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of the improvements herein after described in sausage filling
machines which improvements are especially applicable to steam or other power
worked sausage filling machines, but are also applicable to hand worked sausage filling
machines.
I will describe my invention in connection with a steam worked sausage filling
machine.
The hollow cylinder in which the sausage meat is placed and the travelling piston
by which it is forced out of the said cylinder into the skin to be filled resemble
generally those in common use and I do not consider it necessary to describe these
and other parts in common use.
The cylinder rises to be filled and falls into a horizontal position in line with the
piston for filling the skin by the working of parts constructed as follows. The cylinder
turns upon centrès near its base. At or near its middle a lever is jointed and to the
frame of the machine another similar lever is jointed. The ends of these levers are
jointed together. When the cylinder is horizontal these levers are parallel or nearly
parallel and when the cylinder is raised they open out into nearly but not quite a right
line. By means of a coiled spring connected with an arm on the axis of the lower
lever the said levers are opened and the empty cylinder raised. When the cylinder is
filled with sausage meat its weight overcomes the said spring and it falls into its
horizontal position. By means of a spring snap fastening the cylinder may be fixed
in either position.
The advance and retiring motions of the piston in the cylinder are effected by a
screw which takes into a concave screw or screw box in the hollow piston rod. The
advancing motion of the piston for filling the skin is effected slowly and the retiring
motion of the piston to permit of the recharging of the cylinder is effected rapidly.
A short
These motions are effected by means of gearing constructed as follows.
horizontal shaft near the rear end of the machine carries a fixed and loose pulley.
One end of the said shaft has a sleeve working in a bearing in which sleeve that end
of the shaft turns freely. The other end of the shaft works in an ordinary bearing.
The said sleeve carries at one end a pulley fixed on it and at its other end carries a
pinion. The shaft also carries a pinion keyed to it. The pinion on the shaft gears
with a toothed wheel having the requisite number of teeth to produce the required
slow motion of the screw for advancing the piston and the shaft of this toothed wheel
carries at its end a pinion which gears with a large toothed wheel on the end of the
piston rod screw. The pinion on the end of the sleeve also gears with the said large
toothed wheel.
The action of the gearing is as follows. When the driving band is thrown onto the
fixed pulley on the pulley shaft the piston screw is advanced and driven slowly. When
the band is thrown onto the pulley on the sleeve a quick rotation is given to the
screw in a contrary direction through the pinion on the said sleeve which gears with
the large toothed wheel. This pinion is the driving pinion in the return motion of the
screw and the pinion keyed to the shaft is the driving pinion in the slow advancing
motion of the screw.
By means of a treadle and connecting rods the machine may be brought to rest a
spring throwing the band on to the loose pulley when by the removal of the toot
from the treadle it is not restrained. The machine is automatic so far as the

page_text: advancing motion of the piston is concerned. When the piston has nearly reached
the end of its stroke the connecting rod described is acted upon and the driving band
thrown onto the loose pulley and the machine brought to rest.
The machine may also be made automatic with respect to the raising of the empty
cylinder; the piston when withdrawn acting on the spring catch by which the cylinder
was held and liberating the cylinder. The light empty cylinder then rises by the
action of the spring herein before referred to.
Dated this 19th 1
1000
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Sausage-filling Machines.
I FREDERICK JOHN GARDNER trading as John Gardner and Son of Smithfield
Works No. 11 Bradford Street Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Machinist
do hereby declare the nature of my invention and the manner in which the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:--
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in sausage filling
machines which improvements are especially applicable to steam or other power
worked sausage filling machines but are also applicable to hand worked sausage filling
machines.
I will describe my invention in connection with a steam worked sausage filling
machine.
The hollow cylinder in which the sausage meat is placed and the travelling piston by
which it is forced out of the said cylinder and the skin to be filled resemble generally
those in common use and I do not consider it necessary to describe these and other
parts in common use. The cylinder rises to be filled and falls into a horizontal
position in line with the piston for filling the skin by the working of parts constructed
as follows. At or near one end of the cylinder a lever is jointed and to the frame of
the machine another similar lever is jointed. The ends of these levers are jointed
together. When the cylinder is horizontal these levers are nearly parallel and when
the cylinder is raised they open out into nearly but not quite a right line. By means
of a coiled spring connected with an arm on the axis of the lower lever the said
levers are opened and the empty evlinder raised. When the cylinder is filled with
sausage meat its weight overcomes the said spring and it falls into its horizontal
position. By means of a spring snap fastening the cylinder may be fixed in either
position.
The advance and returning motions of the piston in the cylinder are effected by a
screw which takes into a concave screw or screw box in the hollow piston rod. The
advancing motion of the piston for filling the skin is effected slowly and the retiring
motion of the piston to permit of the recharging of the cylinder is effected rapidly.
These motions are effected by means of gearing constructed as follows:-A short
horizontal shaft near the rear end of the machine carries a fixed and loose pulley.
One end of the said shaft has a sleeve working in a bearing in which sleeve that end
of the shaft turns freely. The other end of the shaft works in an ordinary bearing.
The said sleeve carries at one end a pulley fixed on it and at its end a pinion. The
shaft also carries a pinion keyed to it or made in one piece with the pulley. The
pinion on the shaft gears with a toothed wheel having the requisite number of teeth
to produce the required slow motion of the screw for advancing the piston and the
shaft of this toothed wheel carries at its end a pinion which gears with a large
toothed wheel on the end of the piston rod screw. The pinion on the end of the
sleeve also gears with the said large toothed wheel.
The action of the gearing is as follows: -When the driving band is thrown on the
fixed pulley on the pulley shaft the piston screw is advanced and driven slowly. When
the band is thrown onto the pulley on the sleeve a quick rotation is given to the screw

page_text: in a contrary direction through the pinion on the said sleeve which pinion gears with
the large toothed wheel. This pinion is the driving pinion in the return motion of
the screw and the pinion keyed to the shaft is the driving pinion in the slow advancing
motion of the screw.
By means of a treadle and connecting rods the machine may be brought to rest, a
spring throwing the band onto the loose pulley when by the removal of the foot from
the treadle it is not restrained. The machine is automatic so far as the advancing
motion of the piston is concerned. When the piston has nearly reached the end of
its back stroke the connecting rod described is acted upon and the driving band
thrown onto the loose pulley and the machine brought to rest. The machine may
also be made automatic with respect to the raising of the empty cylinder.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation partly in longitudinal section and Figure 2 in
plan a steam or power worked sausage filling machine containing my improvements,
the cylinder being represented in its horizontal position and the piston in its with-
drawn position; Figure 3 represents an elevation of the opposite side of the machine
to that represented in Figure 1, a portion of the said machine being represented in
longitudinal section. In the said Figure 3 the cylinder is represented in its raised
position for refilling it with sausage meat.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of the
drawings.
a is the hollow cylinder in which the sausage meat is placed and b is the travelling
piston of the same the said piston having a sliding reciprocating motion given to it by
which motion the sausage meat is forced out of the said cylinder for filling the skin
and the piston withdrawn from the empty cylinder. The cylinder a is capable of
turning on the pivots or centres c c at its base.
The mechanism for raising the cylinder a into the position represented in Figure 3
and for permitting it to take the horizontal position represented in Figures 1 and 2 is
constructed as follows. At each side of the cylinder a and near its mouth end a
lever d is jointed and to the lower end of each of the levers d a second lever e is jointed
the latter turning at e² on the frame of the machine. When the cylinder a is hori-
zontal the levers d, e at each side have the positions with respect to one another repre-
sented in Figure 1 and when the cylinder a is raised the said levers have the positions
with respect to one another represented in Figure 3. To the end of the arm d² on the
axis of one of the levers e a coiled spring is connected (see Figure 3) the opposite
end of the said spring being connected to the frame of the machine. By means of
the coiled spring the levers d, e are opened or separated into the position represented
in Figure 3 for raising the cylinder a. After the cylinder a has been filled with
sausage meat its weight overcomes the said spring fand the cylinder a falls into
its horizontal position in line with the piston bas seen in Figures 1 and 2. The
cylinder a is fastened in its lowered and raised positions respectively by the spring
snap bolt or fastening g best seen in Figure 2. The bolt g is withdrawn by the hand
lever g² and is pressed home by the coiled spring g³. The said spring bolt g snaps
into one or other of the holes represented in the quadrant shaped plate e³ (see Figure 1)
on one of the lower levers e to fasten the cylinder in its raised or horizontal position.
Before the cylinder a can be raised or lowered it is necessary to withdraw the bolt g
by means of the hand lever g².
I will now describe the mechanism and gearing for giving the reciprocating motion
to the travelling piston b, that is, for giving a slow advancing motion to the piston for
forcing the sausage meat out of the cylinder for filling the skin and for giving a rapid
retiring or back motion to the said piston for the recharging of the cylinder. The
hollow piston rod is screwed internally so as to convert it into a screw box and
in the said screw box the quick threaded screw works the said screw having only a
rotatory motion given to it and being driven by the gearing hereinafter described.
The piston 6 is only capable of a sliding rectilinear motion a pin 63 on the framing of
the machine working in the slot or key way in the hollow screwed piston rod b² so

page_text: that by the rotation of the screw h in one or other direction the hollow piston rod b²
is either projected from or drawn onto the rotating screw has is well understood.
i
The screw his rotated in opposite directions for giving a slow advancing motion
and a quick retiring motion to the piston in the following manner: ¡ is a short
shaft (see Figure 3) carrying the three pulleys k m, l. The middle pulley m is a loose
pulley and the end pulleys k,l are for driving and reversing the motion of the
screw h. The loose middle pulley m turns freely on the shaft and the end pulley k
is keyed to the said shaft the neck of the said pulley having connected to it the
pinion which gears with the large toothed wheel n on the axis of the screw h. The
other end pulley is not fixed to the shaft i but by its sleeve turns freely on the
said shaft. The sleeve part of the pulley carries the pinion 12 which gears with
the toothed wheel 13 on the parallel shaft (see Figure 3). The end of the said
parallel shaft carries a pinion which gears with the large toothed wheel n on the
axis of the screw h. By means of the gearing 12, 13, 15 and parallel shaft the
motion communicated to the toothed wheel n on the screw is in a direc-
tion contrary to that communicated to the said wheel n when the pinion 2 on
the pulley shaft gears directly with the said toothed wheel n, the use of the
intermediate toothed wheel 13 also giving a slower motion to the pinion 15 than
that given to the pinions 22, 12. Thus, when motion is given to the pinion ²
by the driving band working on the pulley a slow rotatory motion is communi-
cated to the large toothed wheel and to the screw and the slow advancing
motion of the piston in the cylinder a is effected; and when by the shifting of the
driving band from the pulley to the pulley rotation is given to the said
pulley k the direction of the motion of the toothed wheel n is reversed and a quicker
speed given to it by the direct gearing of the pinion 2 with the said toothed weeel n
and a quick retiring motion thereby given to the piston b so as to withdraw it from
the cylinder a. The driving band is thrown onto either of the two work pulleys
and or onto the loose pulley m by means of the fork ? sliding on the bar på and
pressed into its middle position when at liberty to move by the coiled spring p² around
the said bar 3. The sliding band fork is worked in the following way; q is a lever
centred to the frame of the machine at the upper end of the said lever bearing
against the pin q3 on the sliding band fork p; r is a treadle connected by the lever,
rod and crank to the band fork lever q. By the workman acting upon the
treadle the band carried by the sliding fork p can be thrown onto the work pulley
or onto the loose pulley m. For the purpose of automatically throwing the band from
off the pulley onto the pulley k for reversing the motion of the screw / when the
advance motion of the piston 6 in its cylinder a is completed I use the following
combination of parts. Fixed to the travelling piston b is a rod working in guides
in the framing of the machine the rear end of the said rod carrying an adjustable
block . Jointed to the frame of the machine is a levers the lower arm of which is
connected by the connecting rod s² with the band fork lever p. The upper arm of
the said levers is provided with a tappets in the line of the motion of the block 6°
on the rod . When the piston has nearly reached the end of its advance stroke
the block 6 on the rod b' acts against the tappet s³ and through the lever s and rod s²
fork lever and fork p the belt is moved from off the pulley 1 onto the pulley & for
reversing the motion of the screw and piston.
The general action of the machine is as follows:-The parts being in the positions
represented in Figure 3 the raised cylinder a is filled with the sausage meat and on
withdrawing the spring bolt g the weight of the filled cylinder overcomes the springf
and the said cylinder falls into the horizontal position represented in Figures 1 and 2.
By releasing the spring bolt g it snaps into one of the holes in the plate and fastens
down the cylinder. By pressing the foot on the treadle r the driving band is shifted
from the loose pulley m to the fast or work pulley and the motion of the said pulley
through the gearing 12 13 14 15 and n and screw / causes the piston to advance slowly
in the cylinder a and force out the sausage meat into the skin.
The advancing piston having nearly reached the end of its stroke the driving band
is shifted automatically onto the driving pulley k by the action of the block 66,

page_text: tappet s³ levers and rod s² and the rotatory motion of the screw his reversed and a
quicker speed given to it for withdrawing the piston from the cylinder as before
described. On the piston b nearly reaching the end of its return stroke the workman
lifts his foot from the treadler when the parts of the treadle action return to the
positions represented in the Drawings and the driving band is shifted from the work
pulley k onto the loose pulley m and the machine is brought to rest. The spring
bolt 9 being withdrawn the hollow cylinder a is lifted by the action of the spring f
upon the arm d² of the lever e into the position represented in Figure 3 ready to be
refilled when the operations herein before described are repeated. When the driving
band is on the pulley and the foot is removed from the treadle the said band is shifted
onto the loose pulley m by the action of the spring p². The motion may be made
automatic with respect to the raising of the empty cylinder a by causing the piston
when in its back position to act on the spring bolt g by which the cylinder is held
down so as to liberate the said cylinder. The light empty cylinder then rises by the
action of the spring fas hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as
my invention of "Improvements in sausage filling machines " :-
First The arrangement or combination of the levers and spring herein before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings for raising the empty cylinder
of the machine for the purpose of refilling it the weight of the filled cylinder over-
coming the spring and causing the said cylinder to take a horizontal position substan-
tially as described and illustrated.
Secondly-The combination with the lifting mechanism referred to in the first
claim of the spring snap bolt or fastening hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings for fixing the cylinder in its horizontal and raised
positions respectively.
Thirdly The arrangement or combination of the parts of the gearing hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings for giving a slow advancing
motion to the piston in the cylinder and a rapid retiring motion to the said piston for
withdrawing it out of the cylinder.
Fourthly The arrangement or combination of the parts of the treadle motion
hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing for moving the
driving band from the loose to the fast or work pulley of the machine and the
reverse.
:-
Lastly The arrangement or combination of the parts hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings for automatically reversing the direction of
the motion and increasing the speed of the piston when the said piston has reached the
end of its advancing stroke.
Dated the 27th day of June 1890.
FREDRICK JOHN GARDNER.