IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING GREEN, SEMI-GREEN, OR UNDRIED VEGETABLES OR PLANTS IN ORDER TO REDUCE THEIR FIBROUS PORTIONS TO A PULP, AND ALSO IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAID PULP, WHEN SO MADE, TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Walker Rennel, of Plumstead, in the County
of Kent, Licensed Victualler, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING GREEN, SEMI-GREEN, OR UNDRIED
VEGETABLES OR PLANTS IN ORDER TO REDUCE THEIR FIBROUS PORTIONS TO A
PULP, AND ALSO IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAID PULP, WHEN SO MADE, TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
Sealed the 26th April 1861, and dated the 7th November 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paul Walker Rennel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th November 1860.
I, PAUL WALKER RENNEL, of Plumstead, in the County of Kent, Licensed
Victualler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING GREEN, SEMI-GREEN,
OR UNDRIED VEGETABLES OR PLANTS IN ORDER TO REDUCE THEIR FIBROUS PORTIONS
TO A PULP, AND ALSO IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAID PULP, WHEN 80 MADE, TO
THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
I propose to manufacture pulp for paper from green or undried fibrous
vegetables or plants in contradistinction to the usual mode of using such
vegetables in a dried state after the silica has become solidified and almost
insoluble. I take such green or growing vegetables or plants as from their

page_text: fibrous nature are suitable for producing pulp, and having first washed or
softened them in water, I introduce them into a pulping machine composed of
a hopper on the mouth, which leads to a pair of crushing or squeezing rollers,
which has the effect of separating their fibres one from another. It then
passes on to another pair of rollers whose action is to disintegrate still further
the fibres, and express all the liquid colouring matter from the mass, which
falls down and is received in troughs, and is then thoroughly washed; if still
coloured, it is treated with the usual chemical means to complete the extrac-
tion and to bleach it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters, Patent filed
by the said Paul Walker Rennel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th May 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PAUL
WALKER RENNEL, of Plumstead, in the County of Kent, Licensed Victualler,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Paul Walker Rennel, Her special licence, that I, the said Paul Walker
Rennel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Paul Walker Rennel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING GREEN, SEMI-GREEN, OR UNDRIED
VEGETABLES OR PLANTS IN ORDER TO REDUCE THEIR FIBROUS PORTIONS TO A PULP,
AND ALSO IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAID PULP, WHEN SO MADE, TO THE MANU-
PACTURE OF PAPER," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Paul
Walker Rennel, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Paul Walker Rennel, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:—
I propose to make use of, for the purpose of making paper pulp, green,
semi-green, or undried fibrous vegetables or plants, in contradistinction to the
practice hitherto adopted of using the plants in a dried state, after the silica
or other hardening principle is matured in them, thereby rendering them
difficult of solution.
The particular class of vegetables or plants which I prefer, and claim the
application of, are the ordinary grasses, hay, broom, and such like, not hitherto
so used, and such as, from their fibrous nature, are suitable for producing
pulp.
Having first thoroughly washed and steeped the plants to be operated upon,
I boil them in a weak alkaline solution;. I then disintegrate their fibres one
from another by putting the softened plants through a pulping machine, which
consists of one or more pairs of rollers, either of the same or slightly different
diameters, between which they pass. In order to decolorize the pulp, I
bleach it with the usual bleaching ingredients.
Having now described my Invention, and shewn in what the same consists,
and how it is made and applied, I now state that what I claim, and wish
secured by the before in part recited Letters Patent is, the use of green, semi-
green, or undried fibrous vegetables or plants, such as are described in this
Specification, and not hitherto so used for the purpose of being applied to the
manufacture of paper pulp; and also the mode of and means for treating and
converting the same into the said pulp, substantially as herein set forth and
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Paul Walker Rennel, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
PAUL WALKER KENNEL. (L.8.)