IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF MORDANTING, DYEIng, and Sizing YARNS.”
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Maximilian Bacrlein, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF MORDANTING, DYEIng, and Sizing YARNS.”
METHOD OF MORDANTING, DYEING, AND SIZING YARNS.
Sealed the 16th October 1875, and dated the 14th August 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Maximilian Baerlein
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th August 1875.
I, MAXIMILIAN BAERLEIN, of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF MORDANTING, DYEING, AND SIZING YARNS,"
to be as follows :-
My Invention relates to an improved method of mordanting and
dyeing yarns whilst in an extended state, as in the sizing or dressing
machine, and also at the same time, if desired, sizing the same, so that
they may be simultaneously dressed and wound on to a roller or beam
for weaving. I am aware that this has been attempted before by
running the yarn successively through a series of boxes containing the
different astringent mordanting, dyeing, and washing and sizing

page_text: materials in the usual order of succession as employed for warp dyeing
and sizing, but it has invariably failed, the machine being impracticable,
it being impossible to keep the yarn from becoming mixed or twisted
together, so that it is greatly injured (or if weak, much broken) when it
comes to be opened by the dividing rods. There is also a great waste,
as the yarn (notwithstanding intermediate squeezings) always carrics a
certain amount of liquor from each box into the next, acting dele-
teriously upon its contents, which thus require constant renewing, and
also in consequence of this deterioration a variety of shades is given to
the yarn.
To make this process practicable, without departing from the essential
properties of the ordinary method of tanning, mordanting, and dyeing to
produce what are commonly called "fast colors," I employ in my
improved process two or at the utmost three boxes, and I mix such
articles or ingredients together as will form no precipitation or otherwise
chemically act upon each other. I also use the said ingredients in such
succession that their deterioration caused by the yarn passing from one
box to the other is reduced to a minimum.
I finally dispense with the washing cisterns altogether. For example,
to dye the warp what is called "fast" black for half woollen goods, or
to mordant the yarn for them (so that the black color will be given by
cross dyeing), and at the same time to size the yarn, I proceed as
follows I employ two boxes, using in the first the tanning or astrin-
gent (for mordanting alone), or a mixture of tanning and logwood (for
mordanting and dycing), whilst in the second box I use the mixture of
solution of salts of iron and size.
:-
The salts of iron which I use for this purpose (the employment of
which in this process forms another part of my Invention) are such salts
as do not require washing off after use, as is the case with acid salts
such as the sulphate of iron ordinarily employed, which would act
injuriously on the yarn if the free acid matter were not washed off.
I make use for this purpose of the acetate of iron or such other
volatile salt or chemical combination wherein the acid matter is volatile,
and will consequently fly away itself and thus require no washing.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Maximilian Baerlein in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 11th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Maxı-
MILIAN BAERLEIN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Maximilian Baerlein, Her
special license that I, the said Maximilian Baerlein, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Maximilian
Baerlein, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF MORDANTING, DYEING, AND
SIZING YARNS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Maximilian Baerlein, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Maximilian Baerlein, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying Drawings:-
My Invention relates to an improved method of mordanting and
dyeing yarns whilst in an extended state, as in the sizing or dressing
machine, and also at the same time, if desired, sizing the same, so that
they may be simultaneously dressed and wound on to a roller or beam

page_text: for weaving. I am aware that this has been attempted before by
running the yarn successively through a series of boxes containing the
different astringent mordanting, dyeing, and washing and sizing
materials in the usual order of succession, as employed for warp dyeing
and sizing, but it has invariably failed, the machine being impracticable,
and it being impossible to keep the yarn from becoming mixed or twisted
together, so that it is greatly injured (or if weak, much broken) when it
comes to be opened by the dividing rods. There is also a great waste,
as the yarn (notwithstanding intermediate squeezings) always carrics a
certain amount of liquor from each box into the next, acting dele-
teriously upon its contents, which thus require constant renewing, and
also in consequence of this deterioration a variety of shades is given to
the yarn.
To make this process practicable, without departing from the essential
properties of the ordinary method of tanning, mordanting, and dyeing to
produce what are commonly called "fast colors," I employ in my
improved process of mordanting, dyeing, and sizing only two troughs or
boxes containing the liquids or pastes necessary for the operation. In
these boxes I use a mixture or mixtures of such ingredients as will
give the necessary "bottom" and color for mordanting or dycing,
and will size the yarn without forming amongst themselves any precipi-
tation or otherwise chemically acting upon each other.
In the accompanying Drawing (which represents the apparatus in
longitudinal section) are shown two boxes or troughs a, a, and b, b,
which are preceded by an ordinary creel holding weavers' beams c, c,
(part of which only is shown), and are followed by the hot-air drying
machine d, d, and ordinary head stock e, e. The boxes a and barc
themselves arranged according to the Specification of my former Patent
dated 5th December 1873, No. 4014. In the first box a, a, I put a
solution or decoction of astringent matter, such as tannic acid, sumac,
catechu, &c., and (in case of dyeing) I mix with it the coloring matter,
vz., for black, a decoction of logwood or other wood or other coloring
matters. In the second box b, b, I put the mordant salt mixed (in case
of sizing) with the size.
ני
The salts which I use are what are generally called acetates, such as a
cantate of nawavila
f :

page_text: neously, the metallic oxide separating from the acetic acid by heat or by
simply drying by exposing to air, the acid passing away and the oxide
of the metal remaining behind. By this means I dispense entirely with
the necessity for washing cisterns.
The salt which I generally use is the peroxide of iron, but as it is not
to be readily obtained pure in the market, and as it causes the dyed yarn
to have an unpleasant smell if not pure, I make it from sulphate of iron
which I dissolve in water, and cause a precipitation of peroxide of iron
by the addition of caustic soda, and I then wash the precipitate and add
thereto the acetic acid.
To prepare
the yarn better for receiving the mordant or dye I steam
it previously to putting it into the creel, or whilst it is in the creel,
according to the Specification of my former Patent of December 5, 1873,
above referred to.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention,
together with the manner in which the same may be carried into
practical effect, I would remark in conclusion that I claim as my
Invention,-
First. The dyeing or mordanting and sizing of yarus in an extended
state, as explained by the employment of astringents, mordants, dyes,
and size in only two boxes.
Secondly. The mixing together of the astringent and dye in the
first box, and of size and mordant in the second box for such purposes.
Thirdly. The employment of acetic metal salts in combination with
astringents for dyeing or mordanting yarn in the extended state, as
explained.
Fourthly. The employment in connection with the above described
process of the chemically pure acetate of peroxide of iron.
Fifthly. The dyeing or mordanting and sizing of yarn, as herein-
before described, without the use of washing cisterns.
Sixthly. The employment of an air-drying machine in combination
with the employment of astringents and acetic metal salts for this
process.

page_text: And, Seventhly. The improved process, as before described, or any
mere modification thereof, operating in substantially the same or a
similar manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said Maximilian Baerlein, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
similar manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said Maximilian Baerlein, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
MAXIMILIAN BAERLEIN.