Improvements in Drying Brewers' and Distillers' Grains and the like, and in the Means or Apparatus Employed therein.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 20th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 20th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Drying Brewers' and Distillers' Grains and the
like, and in the Means or Apparatus Employed therein.
We HERBERT FIELDER of 4 Crossfield Road; South Hampstead, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, and THE DAILUAINE-GLENLIVET DISTILLERY
LIMITED, of Carron, Strathspey, North Britain, Distillers do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:
:-
This invention has for its object the better drying and preservation of brewers
and distillers' grains and the like and the retention therein of their nutritions
qualities unimpaired and to provide improved means or apparatus for effecting the
same.
In carrying out the invention we employ a number of troughs or channels
preferably arranged in series one above another, and communicating at alternate
ends, one with the next.
The grains to be dried are supplied to the first chamber of the series by means of
a hopper, or like means and thence they pass in succession across each trough or
channel aided in their transit by blades or paddles arranged at an angle on axes
parallel with the channels, and rotating.
These blades or paddles we prefer to form with a portion of their surfaces turned
at an angle to the rest so as to effect a tossing or turning action on the grains, or
the like, as well as a conveying motion. The air we may supply through an
opening in an outer or enclosing casing and draw it thereinto by a suitable fan or
pump, which forcing means drives the air through a chamber or series of chambers
heated by means of pipes or like conveyers of steam, hot air, or other heating
means and from thence the hot air passes successively through the channels.
Steam may be used to heat the axes of the stirrers or even the stirrers also.
The air may enter and leave at one or more entry and delivery openings or may
be caused to pass also around or between the inner and outer casings.
The dried grains are delivered by a suitable means of delivery into sacks or
otherwise, suitable screening means being provided to separate escaping air and
solid matters. The discharging end of the final chamber or chambers may be of
increased diameter so as to cause decrease of velocity of current and slacken the
flow of grains.
By avoidance of heating the surfaces of the channels to warn the air current, we
avoid difficulties inherent to machines so arranged, as the grains are apt to adhere
to the heated metal surfaces such as when these are steam jacketted.
Baffle plates may be arranged on the sides of the channels to work with the
rotating paddles to break up or distribute the body of matters, as well as air
directing fins or projections.
The air heating chambers may have communicatious one with the next at
alternate ends so as to prolong contact of air and air heating surface and prevent
too rapid passage of the air.
Dated the 28th day of December 1893.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: -
COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Drying Brewers' and Distillers' Grains and the
like, and in the Means or Apparatus Employed therein.
We HERBERT FIELDER, of 4 Crossfield Road South Hampstead, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer and THE DAILUAINE-GLENLIVET DISTILLERY
LIMITED of Carron, Strathspey North Britain, Distillers do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object the better drying and preservation of brewers'
and distillers' grains and the like and the retention therein of their nutritious
qualities unimpaired and to provide improved means or apparatus for effecting the
same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of an arrangement of the apparatus taken
longitudinally through the heating chamber taken on the line E, F, Fig. 3.
Fig. 2 is a like view the section being taken on the line A. B. of Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view taken on the line C. D. of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is an end view shewing the arrangement of pulleys and belts.
Fig. 5 shews a part cross sectional view of the troughs drawn to a larger scale
than the previous figures.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view shewing in detail a portion of a hollow shaft with its
bearing and driving pulley.
Fig. 7 is a horizontal sectional view shewing some of the scoops or paddles
disposed along the shaft. The arrow in this figure indicating the direction of
flow of the material to be dried.
Figs. 8 and 9 shew by cross sectional view and plan view respectively another
arrangement in which the troughs are disposed horizontally about the heating
pipes. Fig. 10 is a detail.
In carrying out the invention as shewn in Figs. 1 to 7 we employ a number of
troughs or channels a arranged in series one above another, and communicating at
alternate ends, one with the next as at b, b, b.
The grains to be dried are supplied to the first chamber of the series by means
of a suitably perforated hopper e. This hopper e is provided with rotating arms e
for feeding the grain into the first chamber said arms being carried by the shafts c²,
driven by belts around the axis e. The water from the grain which passes
through the hopper e falls into a collecting pan et having a drain pipe e³.
From the hopper c the grains pass in succession across each trough or channel a
aided in their transit by scoops or paddles d arranged on axes e
parallel with the
channels a. e are fast and loose pulleys rotated by suitable driving means, not
shewn, and transmitting power by means of belts es to pulleys e upon the axes e.
These axes e are carried by bearings e, Fig. 6, upon the ends of the casing as
well as by bearings eat suitable distances apart along the channels. The scoops
or paddles d shewn best in Figs. 5 and 7, we prefer to form with a portion of their
surfaces turned at an angle to the rest so as to effect a tossing or turning action
on the grains, or the like, as well as a conveying motion. The air we may supply
through an opening in an outer casing and draw or force it thereinto by a
suitable fau or pump, which forcing means drives the air through a chamber or
series of chambers g, g, g heated by means of pipes or like conveyors of steam,
hot air or other heating means and from thence the hot air passes through the
opening and successively through the channels a. Some of the hot air which
enters through the opening passes along the upper troughs in a direction

page_text: the direction of the grains being indicated by the long arrows Y. But the air
which passes into the lower troughs a is forced in the same direction as the grains
thereby aiding the conveyance. By this method a greater amount of heat is
taken from the hot air thus thoroughly drying the grains. Steam may be used to
heat the axes e of the scoops or paddles d or even the stirrers also. The heating
pipes are provided with an inlet valve and a drain cock /².
The air may enter and leave at one or more entry and delivery openings or may
be caused to pass also around or between the inner and outer casings.
The external surfaces of the casing may be covered by suitable heat protecting
composition or materal.
The dried grains are delivered by a suitable means of delivery into sacks or
otherwise, suitable screening means may be provided to separate escaping air and
solid matters. The discharging end of the final chamber or chambers may be
increased so as to cause decrease of velocity of curreut and slacken the flow of
grains.
By avoidance of direct heating of the surfaces of the channels to warm the air
current we avoid difficulties inherent to machines so arranged, as the grains are
more apt to adhere to the heated metal surfaces when directly heated such as when
steam jacketted and consequently permeation of the heat is impeded and the air
is not heated uniformly whereas by our arrangement the air heating tubes remain
free and unaffected.
Baffle plates may be arranged on the sides of the channels to work with the
rotating paddles to break up or distribute the body of matters, as well as air
directing fins or projections, generally these are not found necessary.
The air heating chambers g may have communications one with the next at
alternate ends g² ², so as to prolong contact of air and air heating surface and
prevent too rapid passage of the air. In the modification shewn in Figures &
and 9 the troughs or channels a are arranged side by side above the heating
chambers and are connected at alternate ends b, b, for the continuous passage of
the grains. The fan j, driven by means of the belt k, forces the air into the
chambers g heated by means of steam pipes h.
The lower heating chambers communicate with each other at alternate ends,
the last one being in communication with the upper heating chamber y. The hot
air passes from the upper heating chamber into the troughs through an
opening a formed between the covers al along the top of the troughs a and the
upper edge of the division plate E.
The axes e of the paddles d have at one end bevel gear wheels engaging
with other bevel gear wheels e upon a driving shaft provided with fast and
loose pulleys e¹, Said shaft also operates the stirrers e' by means of the
chain is a sliding door for regulating the feed of grain from the hopper to
the first trough a the supply of hot air to the troughs a is regulated separately to
each trough by slides G placed between the brick support and the framing. His
the outlet from the final trough for the passage of the dried grain into suitable
receptacles.
The troughs from the ends where entry takes place are closed by the covers al
which for convenience of access are removable and extend to within a short and
adjustable distance from the opposite end where they are left open for a short
distance to permit of the exit of the damp air charged with the moisture from the
drying material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is-
1. The combination or arrangement and use for drying distillers grains and the
like of apparatus comprising a series of communicating tortuous unjacketted
chambers through which the material to be dried is caused to travel by means of
scoops radially flanged on one side thereof (as shewn in Fig. 7) carried on rotatory

page_text: shafts suitably mounted and driven and through which chambers the drying
heated air is caused to flow in the earlier sections of the chambers against, or
alternately with and against the flow of the material and in the later sectious
where the final drying is effected with the flow of the material, means for heating
the drying air by tubes below the drying chambers which tubes effect direct
transmission of heat thereto as well as by communication to the interiors thereof
all substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. The method of and combination or arrangement and use of apparatus for
drying brewers and distillers grains and the like as herein before described and
shewn by the drawings.
3. The combination or arrangement and use for drying brewers and distillers
grains and like matters of the parts of means or apparatus shewn and described
by Figs. 8 and 9 whereby the amount of inlet of hot air to each section of the
chambers can be separately regulated and the direction of the currents of air and
the direction of flow of the material is alternately in the same and in opposite
directions, access to the material by removable covers is facilitated and increased
surface of the chamber is exposed to the radiatory heat of the air heating tubes.
Dated the 20th day of September 1894.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for Applicants.