Year: 1885

page_text: I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of N° 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for object improvements in bakers' ovens, and has reference
to an oven in which the baking may go on continuously and without interruption.
This continuous heating is effected by sets of pipes partly filled with liquid, and
raised to a considerable temperature by a furnace. The oven is divided into
compartments each of which has a movable bearth or table and is independent of
the others. The waste heat is applied to a boiler for the purpose of producing a
moist atmosphere in the baking compartments.
An oven according to this invention is shewn on the accompanying drawing
which is annexed by way of example only.
In this drawing Fig. 1 shews a front view of the oven provided with its heating
appliances and accessories; Fig. 2 is a side view of the same; Fig. 3 is a transverse
and Fig. 4 a longitudinal section.
In these figures the same letters of reference indicate the same parts.
As will be seen, the oven is heated by three series of closed and inclined pipes a
containing half their volume of water or of any other suitable liquid and entering
in a heating chamber or furnace b provided with a grate c. The chamber H which
forms the oven proper is divided into two compartments by a partition o. Each
compartment is provided with a movable hearth or table e mounted upon rails f;
these are therefore in a manner of speaking two distinct compartments to which
heat is applied in common. It is possible to fill or empty either of the compart-
ments without interference with the working of the other. Two doors g and h
guided by uprights i and operated by pinions and rack rods serve to open and close
the two compartments. These doors are balanced by the counterweights F F¹. To
enable the hearths or tables to be withdrawn from the oven they are mounted on
wheels running upon the rails f; the upper tramway is narrower than the lower
and can oscillate upon the axis n. It is turned down as shewn in dotted lines,
when it is only required to withdraw the lower hearth or table.

page_text: All the operations preceding or following that of baking can be effected outside
the oven. This permits of the doors being kept closed to avoid loss of heat.
open to
In case the heat is too intense in the upper compartment, the valve y is
allow the escape through the pipe t into the chimney A of the hot gases of this
compartment. The valves q and q answer the same purpose for the lower
compartment.
The waste heat of the furnace or fire place bis utilized for heating a boiler p;
the steam produced in this boiler is conveyed by the pipes r, u controlled by the
valves D and D¹ into each of the compartments of the oven, so as to produce
therein a certain amount of moisture favorable to the proper baking of the bread.
This boiler has a movable lid or cover x which is raised when the pressure of the
steam is too high.
The hot gases of combustion pass through a series of channels previous to
reaching the chimney A, in order to maintain the upper part of the oven at a
sufficient temperature to avoid the loss of heat by radiation. The draught of the
chimney is regulated by the damper B moved by means of the wheel C. The walls
of the oven 8 are formed of two sheet iron plates the space between which is filled
up with non-conducting material. A manometer constantly indicates the pressure
in the pipes, and thermometers indicate the temperature of the oven and that of
the fire place.

page_text: I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of N° 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention (a communication to me from abroad by A. Van der Schuyt
of 26 Oosterstraat, Rotterdam, Merchant,) and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has for object improvements in baker's ovens, and has reference
to an oven in which the baking may go on continuously and without interruption.
This continuous heating is effected by sets of pipes partly filled with liquid and
raised to a considerable temperature by a furnace. The oven is divided into
compartments each of which has a movable hearth or table and is independent of
the others. The waste heat is applied to a boiler for the purpose of producing a
moist atmosphere in the baking compartments.
Referring to the accompanying 2 sheets of drawings fig. 1 shews a front view of
the oven provided with heating appliances and accessories according to this
invention; fig. 2 is a side view of the same; fig. 3 is a transverse and fig. 4 a
longitudinal section.
In these figures the same letters of reference indicate the same parts.
:
As will be seen, the oven is heated by three series of closed and inclined pipes a
containing half their volume of water or of any other suitable liquid and entering
in a heating chamber or furnace b provided with a grate c. The chamber H which
forms the oven proper is divided into two compartments by a partition o. Each
compartment is provided with a movable hearth or table e mounted upon rails f;
there are therefore in a manner of speaking two distinct compartments to which
heat is applied in common. It is possible to fill or empty either of the compartments
without interference with the working of the other.
Two doors g and h guided by uprights i and operated by pinions and rack rods
serve to open and close the two compartments. These doors are balanced by the
counterweights F F¹.
To enable the hearths or tables to be withdrawn from the oven they are mounted
on wheels running upon the rails f; the upper tramway is narrower than the lower
and can oscillate upon the axis N. It is turned down as shewn in dotted lines,
when it is only required to withdraw the lower hearth or table.
All the operations preceding or following that of baking can be effected outside
the oven.
This permits of the doors being kept closed to avoid loss of heat.
In case the heat is too intense in. the upper compartment, the valve y is opened
to allow the escape through the pipe t into the chimney A of the hot gases of this
compartment.
The valves g and g¹ answer the same purpose for the lower compartment.
The waste heat of the furnace or fire place 6 is utilized for heating a boiler p;
the steam produced in this boiler is conveyed by the pipes r, u controlled by the
valves D and D¹ into each of the compartments of the oven, so as to produce
therein a certain amount of moisture favorable to the proper baking of the bread,

page_text: This boiler has a movable lid or cover which is raised when the pressure of the
steam is too high.
The hot gases of combustion pass through a series of channels previous to
reaching the chimney A, in order to maintain the upper part of the oven at a
sufficient temperature to avoid the loss of heat by radiation. The draught of the
chimney is regulated by the damper B moved by means of the wheel C.
The walls of the ovens are formed of two sheet iron plates the space between
which is filled up with non conducting material.
A manometer v constantly indicates the pressure in the pipes, and thermometers
indicate the temperature of the oven and that of the fire place.
In order to diminish the velocity of the hot gases coming from the furnace, so
that the action of the flues is combined with that of the inclined tubes so as to
effect an appropriate distribution of the heat in the oven there is employed by
preference the arrangement shown in Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings.
: Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of a modified form of the oven. Fig. 6 is a cross
section along the line A. B.
a. a: are the tubes for distributing the heat in the oven. bb are vertical flues
through which the hot gases coming from the furnace care led into the horizontal
flue m which serves a portion of the tubes a, the other portion of these tubes being
served by the flues m', which communicate at the end with flues b, and at the
centre, with the flue o, in which the gases coming from the furnace c are led by the
flue m. A is the chimney, the opening of which is regulated by the damper B.
It is evident that the gases, being caused to pass through flues of different
directions, and offering a much greater surface than a straight flue, are of greater
efficiency for heating.
Valves q, in combination with the damper B, allow the heating to be regulated
as desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. A baker's oven in which continuous heating is effected by heat transmitted
from an external furnace to sets of pipes partly filled with liquid substantially as
described and shewn.
2. In a continuously heated baker's oven compartments each provided with a
movable hearth or table and independent of one another, substantially as described
and for the purpose specified.
3. In a baker's oven a boiler heated by the waste heat of the oven and so
arranged as to produce a moist atmosphere in the baking compartments substantially
as described with reference to the annexed drawings.
4. In a baker's oven with continuous heating, and capable of baking without
interruption, the arrangement of the flues m¹¹, o, m³, b, m substantially as described
with reference to Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings.
5. The improved baker's oven constructed, arranged and operating substantially
as described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the drawings.
Dated this 10th day of Tune 1906