Improvements in Glazing Horticultural Buildings, Railway Stations, and other Buildings and Structures, which Improvements may also be Applied to the Fixing of Slates, Metallic Sheets, and Sheets of other Materials for Roofing and Structural Purposes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 30th Nov., 1837
Complete Accepted, 30th Dec., 1887
Improvements in Glazing Horticultural Buildings, Railway Stations,
and other Buildings and Structures, which Improvements may
also be Applied to the Fixing of Slates, Metallic Sheets, and
Sheets of other Materials for Roofing and Structural Purposes.
I SAMUEL TAYLOR of Nos. 145, 146 and 147 Lionel Street Birmingham in the
County of Warwick Zinc and Galvanized Iron Worker do hereby declare the nature
of this Invention to be as follows:-
My invention has reference to the supporting of the edges of the sheets of glass and
sheets of other materials and slates upon and securing them to the rafters or supports
and my said invention consists of the construction and combination of the parts of
the said rafters or supports and appliances connected therewith hereinafter described
for effecting those objects.
My invention is applicable to the glazing and covering of roofs or inclined
structures as well as to the glazing and covering of horizontal and vertical
structures.
For convenience of description I will describe my invention as applied to the
glazing of a roof.
I use wooden rafters or bars in the upper part of each of which a longitudinal
groove or channel is made in any convenient way. This groove or channel forms a
gutter or conduit for condensed moisture from the roof or for water which may enter
between the joints of the glazing. I form the said groove or gutter in the rafter or
bar preferably of a lozenge or dovetail shape in cross section that is the upper part
of each side of the groove is cut away inwards so as to form a dovetail or undercut
inclined shoulder extending from end to end of the rafter the bottom of the groove
joiuing the side dovetail or undercut shoulders being of an angular or V figure but
the bottom of the groove may be semi circular or of other figure in cross section. In
every case however the upper part of the sides of the groove or gutter must be
constructed with dovetail or inclined or undercut shoulders.
In order to protect the said groove or gutter I line it by preference with a zinc

page_text: lining the said lining having the same configuration as and closely fitting the said
groove or gutter. I however extend the upper edges of the zinc lining beyond the
top of the groove and bend the said edges upon the flat horizontal edges of the rafter
or bar so as to cover the said edges. Upon the zinc covered edges of the rafter or
bar the edges of the sheets of glass are supported and fixed.
In fixing the edges of the sheets of glass upon the zinc covered edges of the rafter
or bar I use an arch shaped cap extending from end to end of the rafter the edges of
the said cap being made to bear upon the upper edges of the sheets of glass. The
fixing cap is secured in its place by means of screw bolts and nuts. The said screw
bolts have cross pieces at their bottoms which are made to engage under and are
supported by the inclined or dovetail or undercut shoulders in the lined groove or
gutter of the wooden rafter or bar.
In glazing or fixing the sheets of glass according to my invention the several screw
bolts are engaged by a sliding motion under the shoulders of the grooved rafter or
bar and the edges of the sheets of glass having been laid upon the flat zine covered
edges of the rafter or bar the fixing cap is put in its place holes in the said cap
passing over the projecting screwed ends of the bolts. By screwing screw nuts upon
the ends of the bolts the foot or cross piece of each of the bolts is drawn forcibly
against the shoulders in the groove or gutter of the rafter or bar and the cap is fixed
in its place and the edges of the sheets of glass are at the same time held firmly by
the said cap on the supporting zine covered edges of the rafter or bar.
The longitudinal edges of the zine lining of the groove or gutter in the rafter or
bar may be extended downwards on the vertical sides of the said rafter or bar so as
to form side gutters for conveying away condensed moisture or water from between
the edges of the glass and the supporting edges of the rafter or bar.
Dated this Twenty sixth day of March 1887.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Glazing Horticultural Buildings, Railway Stations,
and other Buildings and Structures, which Improvements may
also be Applied to the Fixing of Slates, Metallic Sheets, and
Sheets of other Materials for Roofing and Structural Purposes.
I SAMUEL TAYLOR of Nos. 145, 146 and 147 Lionel Street, Birmingham in the
County of Warwick, Zinc and Galvanized Iron Worker do hereby declare the nature
of my Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has reference to the supporting of the edges of the sheets of glass
and sheets of other materials and slates upon and securing them to the rafters or
supports and my said invention consists of the construction and combination of the
parts of the said rafters or supports and appliances connected therewith herein after
described for effecting those objects.
My invention is applicable to the glazing and covering of roofs or inclined
structures as well as to the glazing and covering of horizontal and vertical
structures.
For convenience of description I will describe my invention as applied to the
glazing of a roof.
I use preferably wooden rafters or bars in the upper part of each of which a longitudinal
groove or channel is made in any convenient way. This groove or channel forms a
gutter or conduit for condensed moisture from the roof or for water which may enter
between the joints of the glazing. I form the said groove or gutter in the rafter or
bar preferably of a lozenge or dovetail shape in cross section that is, the upper part
of each side of the groove is cut away inwards so as to form a dovetail or undercut
inclined shoulder extending from end to end of the rafter, the bottom of the groove
joining the side dovetail or undercut shoulders being of an angular or V figure but
the bottom of the groove may be semi circular or of other figure in cross section.
every case however the upper part of the sides of the groove or gutter must be
constructed with dovetail or inclined or undercut shoulders.
In
In order to protect the said groove or gutter I line it by preference with a zinc
lining the said lining having the same configuration as and closely fitting the said
groove or gutter. I however extend the upper edges of the zinc lining beyond the
top of the groove and bend the said edges upon the flat horizontal edges of the rafter
or bar so as to cover the said edges. Upon the zinc covered edges of the rafter or
bar the edges of the sheets of glass are supported and fixed.
In fixing the edges of the sheets of glass upon the zinc covered edges of the rafter
or bar I use an arch shaped cap extending from end to end of the rafter the edges of
the said cap being made to bear upon the upper edges of the sheets of glass.
The fixing cap
secured in its place by means of screw bolts and nuts. The said
screw bolts have cross pieces at their bottoms which are made to engage under and

page_text: are supported by the inclined or dovetail or undercut shoulders in the lined groove or
gutter of the wooden rafter or bar.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents partly in transverse vertical
section and partly in longitudinal section, a portion of the roof of a horticultural
building glazed according to my invention. For the purpose of exhibiting the modi-
fications which my invention is susceptible of the left hand side of the glazing
appliances Figure 1 are provided with arch shaped caps and those on the right hand
side are provided with flat caps or strips and the longitudinal grooves or gutters in
the wooden glazing rafters or bars at the two sides of the roof are differently shaped
but it must be understood that generally the same kinds of caps and bars are used in
the same roof.
Figure 2 represents in cross section the wooden rafter or bar at the left hand side
of the roof Figure 1, drawn to a larger scale; Figure 3 represents the said rafter
Figure 2 in conjunction with the metal lining to the groove or gutter, the metal cap
and bolting arrangement together with the edges of the sheets of glass supported on
the rafier and fixed down by the cap: Figure 4 represents the grooved rafter or bar
at the right hand side of the roof and Figure 5 represents the same with the glazing
appliances, the said Figures 4 and 5 being drawn to the same scale as Figures 2
and 3 Figure 6 represents in perspective the right hand side of Figure 1 in which
flat caps or strips are used; Figure 7 shows in perspective, drawn to a large scale,
the arrangement of the lap of the flat caps and Figure 8 represents in perspective
one of the shoes or stops used to prevent the slipping down of the sheets of glass at
the eaves of the roof.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of the
drawings.
a, a are the wooden rafters or bars of the roof and b, bare the grooves or gutters
in the said rafters or bars, which grooves or gutters form conduits or channels for
collecting and conveying away condensed moisture or water as before described.
prefer to make the grooves or gutters of either of the sectional forms repre-
sented in Figures 2 and 4 but as before stated I do not limit myself to those sectional
figures. The dovetail inclined or undercut shoulders at the sides of the groove bare
marked c, c
d is the zinc or sheet metal lining for protecting and preserving the
groove or channel or gutter b in the glazing bar a the said lining d having the same
configuration as and closely fitting the said groove or gutter.
It will be seen by an examination of the drawing that the lining d of the groove
or gutter extends beyond the top of the said groove and the edges of the said lining
are bent at d², d2 upon the flat horizontal edges of the rafter or bar a so as to cover
the said edges and upon the zine or metal covered edges at d², d² of the rafter or bar
the edges of the sheets of glass e, e are supported and fixed.
The longitudinal edges d², d of the zinc or metal lining of the groove or gutter b
in the rafter or bar a, may be extended downwards on the vertical sides of the rafter
or bar so as to form side gutters for conveying away water or condensed moisture
from between the edges of the glass and the supporting edges of the rafter or bar.
fis the arch shaped fixing cap at the left hand side of the roof and is the flat
fixing cap at the right hand side of the roof Figure 1. The said caps extend from
end to end of the rafter or bar the edges of the arch shaped cap bearing on the
upper edges of the sheets of glass in the manner seen in Figure 3, and the flat caps"
bearing on the upper edges of the sheets of glass in the manner seen in Figure 5.
The caps and are fixed in their places by the screw bolts g and nuts h. It will
be seen that the screw bolts g have cross pieces or feet g² at their bottoms which
engage under and are supported by the inclined or dovetail or undercut shoulders c, c
in the lined gutter or groove in the wooden rafter or bar a as best seen in Figures 3
and 5.
In glazing or fixing the sheets of glass according to my invention the several screw
bolts
9, 9 are engaged by a sliding motion under the shoulders c, c of the grooved
rafter or bar and the edges of the sheets of glass e, e having been laid upon the flat
zinc or metal covered edges d², d² of the rafter or bar the fixing cap for f is put

page_text: in its place holes in the said cap passing over the projecting screwed ends of the
bolts g,g. By screwing screw nuts h, h upon the ends of the bolts the foot or cross
piece of each of the said bolts is drawn forcibly against the shoulders c, c in the
groove or gutter of the rafter or bar and the cap for is fixed in its place and
the edges of the sheets of glass e, e are at the same time held firmly by the said cap
on the supporting zine covered edges of the rafter or bar as seen in Figures 3 and 5.
I prefer to arrange the fixing bolts g, g of the caps, two or three feet apart, the cap
having a corresponding number of holes in it, but I do not limit myself thereto and
the said fixing bolts, as seen in the cross sections, are situated between the longi-
tudinal edges of the sheets of glass. The stems of the bolts above the screw nuts h
may be slit or opened out for securely fixing the said nuts in their places. By an
examination of Figures 3 and 5 it will be seen that the sides of the upper half of the
grooves or gutters in the glazing bars are inclined outwards and that the longitudinal
edges of the sheets of glass overhang the mouth of the said grooves or gutters. By
this means the collection of any water drippings or condensed moisture from the
sheets of glass into the gutter or trough is ensured.
The feet or cross pieces g² of the bolts have preferably the arch shaped form
represented whereby increased space is gained for the passage of water along the
groove or gutter in the glazing bar and out at the bottom of the said glazing bar.
To prevent the sheets of glass slipping down at the eaves of the roof and for
effectually holding them in position, shoes or stops i (preferably metallic) are used
which shoes or stops are secured in any convenient manner to the roof framing and
the slipping of the sheets of glass at the laps is prevented by the upper edge of the
covering cap at the lower level being formed into a stop marked f³. The cap at the
two levels of the glass is stepped (see Figure 1) so as to fit closely upon the said glass
the said cap being prevented from slipping by the bolts at the lap bearing against
the cap at the lower level.
By the construction and combination of parts described and illustrated the whole
of the glass is made very secure and the glazing appliances are free to expand and
contract by changes of temperature and the leakage of wet at the joints and the
condensed moisture are readily carried away. In order to renew a broken sheet of
glass the fixing caps can readily be removed and refixed.
Instead of lining the grooves of the wooden glazing bars a with zine or other metal
lining the said grooves may be protected by a waterproof solution applied to them;
and instead of inetallic caps or covering strips caps or covering strips made of wood
or other non metallic material may be used.
I do not limit myself to any particular size of the gutters or grooves in the glazing
rafters or bars nor to the sectional figure of the said gutters or grooves but in all
cases the said grooves or gutters must be provided with the inclined shoulders or
under cui parts described and represented. Neither do I limit myself to the sectional
figure of the metallic or non-metallic caps. Although I generally make the grooved
rafter or glazing bar of wood yet I wish it to be understood that the said grooved
rafter or glazing bar may be made of metal in which case no protecting lining need
be used.
I apply my invention to the glazing of the roofs of railway stations and other
buildings and structures and to the fixing of slates, metallic sheets and sheets of other
materials for roofing and structural purposes substantially as herein before described
and illustrated with respect to the glazing of the roof of a horticultural building.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed declare that I claim as
my invention of "Improvements in glazing horticultural buildings railway stations
and other buildings and structures, which improvements may also be applied to the
fixing of slates metallic sheets and sheets of other materials for roofing and structural
purposes" ;-
First Making in each of the rafters or bars on which the edges of the sheets or
pieces of glass are supported and fixed a longitudinal groove channel or outter

page_text: having on each side and preferably near the lower part a dovetail or inclined or
undercut shoulder for the purposes and substantially as herein before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly Protecting the groove channel or gutter in the rafter or glazing bar by
means of a zinc or other lining, preferably metallic, the said lining having the same
configuration as and closely fitting the said groove channel or gutter substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly Bending the upper edges of the metallic lining of the groove, channel or
gutter in the rafter or glazing bar upon the flat horizontal edges of the said rafter or
glazing bar and supporting the edges of the sheets of glass upon the covered edges
of the rafter or glazing bar substantially as herein before described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings. Also the combination with the longitudinal bent edges
of the metallic lining, of gutters at the vertical sides of the rafter or glazing bar as
herein before described.
Fourthly Fixing the flat arch shaped or other shaped metallic or non metallic
caps or strips by which the sheets of glass are secured upon the edges of the rafter
or glazing bar by means of screw bolts and nuts the bottoms of the screw bolts being
provided with cross pieces or feet which are made to engage under and are drawn
forcibly against the inclined or dovetail or undercut shoulders in the grooved rafter
or glazing bar substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings.
Fifthly The adaptation or application of the grooved or grooved and lined rafters
or bars and the appliances claimed in the prior claims to the fixing of slates, metallic
sheets and sheets of other materials for roofing and structural purposes as herein
before described.
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