IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FISHING NETS AND OTHER NETTING, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREFOR."ED THEREFOR.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Patrick, of Stevenston, in the County
of Ayr, North Britain, Draper, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FISHING NETS AND OTHER NETTING, AND IN THE
MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
"
MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
"
Sealed the 16th October 1875, and dated the 11th August 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Patrick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th August 1875.
I, WILLIAM PATRICK, of Stevenston, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, Draper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FISHING NETS AND OTHER NETTING, AND
IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention has reference to or consists generally in a new or
improved mode of manufacturing (or of netting, knotting, or weaving)
fishing or other nets, in long webs of any width and size of mesh usually
required, by two sets of continuous threads (or other strands of cordage
or yarn to be employed), the one set of threads stretching in a horizontal
A

page_text: "
or other plane, between a giving-off beam or roller on which it is first
warped" and the taking-up rollers, on or by which it is wound or
drawn up as the work or web of netting is being finished,
as the warp is
in a weaving loom, which set of threads will be herein-after termed the
warp or warp threads; and the other set of threads, which will be
termed the weft threads, being one more in number than the warp
threads, are each wound on a large spool (such as used for the under
thread in the Wheeler and Wilson" sewing machine), or it might be
in a ball or cop form or recl placed in a case or shuttle, in either case
ranged in longitudinal slots or spaces, as close together as possible, in
the upper side of a long narrow reciprocated rail or bar placed trans-
versely over the part of the net or web being netted or finished, to allow
of each loop of the last row of "kinches" or open slip knots (just
formed on the warp threads by a single row of a particular form of
crotchet or netting needles or hooks ranged across the whole, one to each
warp thread), being passed off their forming hooks respectively over
one of two spools or shuttles, with the thread of weft on it brought
laterally under the loop (or otherwise the spool threads might be
passed through the loops of the warp), so as to have these drawn tight,
and the knots formed on or with the weft threads, all simultaneously
and automatically right across the whole width of the net and machine,
or web and netting loom as it may now be termed, and which (cach
time these knots are formed and taken up at a regulated and uniform
distance) regularly completes a row of meshes of any desired size, all as
will herein-after more fully explained.
And in order that the nature and novelty of this Invention thus
generally stated may be fully understood, and the means employed, or
the construction and arrangement of the mechanism, and the sequential
movements of the respective parts thereof and of the warp and weft
threads to produce the said results in accordance with the improvements
of this Invention these will now be particularly described.
Under one modification or construction and action of the parts,
sufficient to illustrate the nature of this Invention as stated, the warp
beam is mounted at the back of the machine or net loom, with a
constant or uniform moderate friction or pacing tension sufficient to
resist the action of a heavy or weighted gravitating bar, working in side
guides and resting on or across the whole of the warp threads, for
taking up the slack of the warp loops, but so that it could be tightened

page_text: up for an interval while the whole row of knots were being tightened
and finished, and yet yield to give off thread for a new set of meshes at
the time the taking-up rollers in front are winding up or delivering the
finished part of the net. Each thread of warp after being led forward from
its said delivery "paced" beam at the back of the machine, and under
the said tension and tightening-up vertical sliding cross bar, is passed
over a guide beam or roller, which is placed a little in front of the slides
containing the vertical sliding cross bar, in the same plane and parallel
to the giving-off or warp beam, and through an eye in the top of a short
vertical stud, or one of a series of eyes (one to each warp thread) pierced
close to the upper edge of a rail fixed to the back edge of a long
transverse fixed rail termed the loop bar, and through vertical slits or
narrow divisions in double plates, or between angled or round-headed
thin stiles in the form of a wide spaced open-topped dividing reed
or comb, a little higher than the eyes and line of threads, and
with a long light reciprocating warp thread locking bar between
them, having a short transverse stud between each slit, which when
reciprocated forward over each thread holds it from rising while the
loop is being formed and drawn forward by the needles and passed over
the spool of weft thread; but when the loop has passed round the
spool the bar being drawn back allows it and the knot being formed to
pass through between the slits and be drawn forward by the winding-up
or delivery rollers, as will herein-after be more fully described.
warp thread passes on in the same plane from the said dividing and
retaining studs and slits above the loop bar, under a smooth rail rounded
at the under and back corners, and then over a corresponding rail, or
directly over and partially round the upper feeding roller, and under and
between it and the under feeding roller, both of which gripe and take
up the netted fabric at a uniform rate or distance at each action, equal
to the length of meshes, just after each row of these is completed, and
one or both rollers may be covered with india-rubber or other material
to assist the griping and delivering of the net.
Each
The weft thread spool bar is placed a little behind and above the fixed
smooth rail or rails, and is reciprocated, to the extent of one division or
spool, in guides in the side frames, which may be made of a strong open
form, tied together by cross stays, so as to carry all the said revolving
beams or rollers and their driving shafts or gear and fixed rails, all
much in the same manner as the side frames in a power loom. Each
A 2

page_text: needle or hook is formed on the lower end of a small cylindrical spindle,
which is reduced to about half the size a little above the hook, equally
from each side, looking in one direction or profile, but looking at right
angles thereto wholly to one side, where the extreme, lower, sharp,
tapered, or conical point is formed, and from which the barb or hook
part rises, and is twisted about 90° or so up into the hollow left by the
reduction of the spindle. A row of these spindles with their hooks arc
mounted in a long transverse reciprocating bar or rail, each with its
vertical axis over a corresponding warp thread, and so that the bar
carrying them is reciprocated vertically and longitudinally with the
needles in the line of their threads and over the slits in the dividing
combs, and over the spool rail, in the line of one or other of the two
adjacent spools (on the right and left of each warp thread), which is
brought in a line with each needle every alternate row of meshes and
knots being formed. The part of this bar carrying the needles is pre-
ferably formed with a slit in it, so that the needle revolves in the upper
and lower part as journals, while they are cach turned or oscillated by a
short lever fixed on them within the slit between the two journal
bearings, the free ends of these levers being all connected by pins at
equal radii to a single long connecting rod at the one side of the bar
carrying the needles. Each end of this needle bar is guided in vertical
slots or other equivalents in a horizontal reciprocating frame, in guides
at each side of the main frame, preferably vertically over the circum-
ference and axis of the two cams, which give the vertical motion to the
said needle bar and the longitudinal reciprocating motion to its said
carrying frames, as also the oscillatory motion to the connecting rod
and spindle of the needles by cam grooves formed in the ends of one of
these cams or their equivalents. These cams might be driven simul-
taneously in the same direction and at the same speed by a single first
motion shaft, mounted transversely at the front or back of the cams in
the horizontal line or plane of their axis, so as to be connected thereto
by bevel or mitre wheels, and driven by belts or other equivalents from
any prime motive engine or shaft, all so that each revolution of the two
cams would give the parallel, vertical, and horizontal motions to the
needle bar and the oscillatory to-and-fro or twisting motion to the
needles necessary for forming and finishing a single row of meshes and
knots, all as will be herein-after more fully described in reference to the
action of a single needle in forming a single knot and mesh.
In a machine for making ordinary fishing nets, each needle or hook in

page_text: commencing to form a knot and mesh is (by the first action of the cams
as before stated) brought down about 2 inches in its truc position, say
exactly over its corresponding tight warp thread (stretched and locked
by its locking bar and studs as before stated, during 30° of the revolution
of the cams) in front of the comb and locking bar when the bevelled
conical point forces the thread outwards or laterally over the twisted
hook part, so that it springs into the hollow of the spindle above the
hook, which is then raised (1½ inches or so during 25° of the revolution
of the cams) and draws the thread upwards in the form of a bow or loop,
which is thus twisted down the hook at right angles to the original line
of the thread, when the needle bar is then carried back (1½ inches or so
in or during 20°), and the spindle and loop turned 45° to 60°, giving the
loop a half twist; while the needle is descending (1½ inches or so, in or
during 15°) at the back of the holding comb and stud, the twisted
loop slides up the small part of the spindle when the bevelled point
presses the tight warp thread at the back to the opposite side, and
twists it in like manner so as to form another twisted loop on the hook,
which is then while rising turned back again 25° to 40°, and raised so as
to draw the second loop up through the first loop (about 2 inches
during 50° of the revolution of the cams) which slips over it off the
point of the hook altogether, and forms a "kinch" or slip knot with
the holding stud between the slit combs, when the needle bar is then
brought forward 4 inches or so; while moving forward each needle is
again twisted to the same position as when descending at the back of
the comb and locking bar, and down in front of the spool or weft thread
bar (during 80° and 30° of the revolutions of the cams respectively) so
as to draw this last loop over the spool, which is assisted by a pointed
stile or division plate behind each spool, cut away on one side towards
the bottom so as to allow the thread to pass out of the spool and loop
with it below the spool, when it has got off the hook at its lowest
descent without friction, and in a line with the warp threads. The
lockers are then withdrawn from the slip knots, which are then drawn
tight (during 15° to 35° respectively of the revolutions of the cams)
by the weight of the transverse tightening bar, and by hooks on them,
and cams or other equivalents on the first motion shaft acting on levers
intermittently, so as to tighten the knots when so formed over and with
the weft thread on the spools, which require so little tension to keep
them from turning that a light spring at the side of each is sufficient,
and which admits of the warp loop passing between it and the spool,

page_text: the previously formed row of knots in fact sustaining all the strain of
tightening the last row, which is effected while a cam on the first
motion shaft through a lever or other equivalent tightens up a brake on
the giving off warp beam at the back; all during the time the needle
bar is being raised again 2 inches or so, during 50° of the the revolution
of the cams. The whole row of finished meshes so formed is then finally
taken up by the front receiving or delivery rollers, while the needles are
travelling forward (4 inches or so, during 60° of the revolution of the
cams) ready for commencing the next row of loops or slip knots, all as
herein-before described.
The outer actuating end of the connecting rod, which turns the
needles, may pass out through a slot in the end of the needle bar and
vertical slides, and have a long vertical stud or rod working in a longi-
tudinal guide in one end of an oscillating lever or reciprocating frame,
or other equivalent, actuated by cam grooves, as before stated, in the
ends of one of the main cam rollers at each side. Both cam rollers lift
the needle bar by spindles fixed in its ends sliding vertically in its
guides, according to the depth of the cam grooves, which also shift
these spindles, and the longitudinal sliding frames and needle bar in
which they are mounted longitudinally, according to the surface contour
of the groove, annular or curved, in the cams, all so as to give the
vertical and longitudinal motions and pauses to the needles to form the
several loops or parts of the knots in their proper position and relative
times to complete the knots, as herein-before described.
A cam groove or surface on one or both ends of the cams at the
other side of the machine to the one which turns the needles may
either directly or through a lever shift and retain the warp locking bar
and studs to and in their two positions while forming the loops,
"kinches," or slip knots, while a groove or surface would be formed
on a cam driven at half the speed of the other cams (either by toothed
wheels direct from one of their spindles or from the first motion shaft
actuating these), so as to shift the weft or spool bar to its two positions
in slides in the side frame, and hold one of the two adjacent spools to
the right or left of each warp thread opposite it for forming each
alternate row of knots.
It will be understood that other arrangements of cams and cam
grooves than those described may be used for giving the necessary
sequential reciprocating motions to the loop holding bar, needle bar

page_text: and spool bar, and oscillating and reciprocating motion to the needles.
for forming the knots and meshes with the continuous warp and
weft threads in accordance with and forming the essentials of this
Invention, as described, as, for instance, separate cams or cam grooves
might be used at each side of the machine for giving the vertical and
the longitudinal motions to the needle bar instead of doing this by the
same cam groove.
It will be further understood that crochet needs of an ordinary
construction without barbs or hooks might also be used for forming the
kinches or slip knots by giving their spindles a greater rotation than
that described, as by using pinions on the spindle of each needle instead.
of levers, and actuating them by a rack instead of a connecting rod
moved by a cam or other equivalent.
In some cases several rows of meshes at the edges of the nets are made
with larger and stronger thread or twine than the body of the net, and in
such cases these heavier warp threads could be wound on different warp
beams or pulleys from that of the body part of the warp, so that they
might be paced and given off differently to suit the tension and different
size of warp and roll or beam required for this warp; and if found
desirable larger needles or spools might be used for forming the knots
with these heavier warp and weft threads at the sides of the net.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Patrick in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
PATRICK, of Stevenston, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, Draper,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Patrick, Her special licence, that
I, the said William Patrick, my executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: و,
or such others as I, the said Wiillam Patrick, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FISHING NETS AND OTHER NETTING, AND IN THE MACHINERY
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Patrick, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Patrick, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the several Figures
on the two accompanying Sheets of Drawings, which I have hereunto
appended for the purpose of showing the best modes and means I
am at present aware of for performing or carrying the Invention into
effect or practice, the same reference letters and numerals indicating the
same or equivalent parts in all the Figures, where shown.
Figure 1 is an end elevation of a net forming or weaving machine or
loom constructed in accordance with and illustrative of one modification
of my said Invention, and Figures 2 and 3 are respectively a back cleva-
tion and a plan of the same machine at right angles to Figure 1, but
with a part in the centre as broken away to shorten it longitudinally in
the Drawing, while Figures 4 and 5 are detached transverse sections of a
the warp thread knotting or holding rail E and locking bar H, h, and
the weft thread bolding rail D and spool holding and shifting bar C,
shown full size and respectively in their fixed working position in
relation to each other, and Figure 6 is a transverse section of the
rocking beam or frame J, J', carrying the warp twisting or revolving
knotting hooks I, I', with these in the position of lifting and forming
the first loop of a row of fresh knots.

page_text: Figures 4A and 4 B are a plan and front view of a part of the warp
holding and knotting rail E with the locking bar in the locked position
of holding down the warp threads, corresponding to Figure 4, and
Figure 4 C is a front section of a part of the said rail E, corresponding
to Figure 4B, but with the locking bar and warp holders in the
unlocked position and casting the double kinch or knot free for being
tightened up by the roller and frame A", A, 5, as will herein-after be
Figures 4A and 4 B are a plan and front view of a part of the warp
holding and knotting rail E with the locking bar in the locked position
of holding down the warp threads, corresponding to Figure 4, and
Figure 4 C is a front section of a part of the said rail E, corresponding
to Figure 4B, but with the locking bar and warp holders h in the
unlocked position and casting the double kinch or knot free for being
tightened up by the roller and frame A", A, 5, as will herein-after be
explained.
Figures 5 A and 5 B are a front and back clevation of the weft spool-
carrying rail D and shifting bar C corresponding to Figure 5, and
Figure 6A is a detached front view of a single hook I, I', at right
angles to that shown in Figure 6.
All these Figures 4 to 6 with their relative views show details of
important parts of the machine shown to a small scale in the general
arrangements or views, Figures 1, 2, and 3.
My said Invention has reference to or consists generally in a new or
improved mode of manufacturing (or of netting, knotting, or weaving)
fishing or other nets, in long webs of any width and size of mesh
usually required by two sets of continuous threads, herein-after
respectively termed the warp and weft threads (or cords or other strands
of cordage or yarn to be employed); the one set of threads (a) stretch
in in a horizontal or other plane between a giving-off beam or roller (A),
on which it is first "warped" or wound, and the taking-up rollers (Z, Z',)
on or by which it is wound or drawn up as the work or web of
netting (a, b) is being finished, much as the warp and finished fabric
are in a weaving loom, which set of threads are termed the warp or
warp threads, and are passed over and under intermediate rollers A', A",
and through a dividing and holding or knotting rail E; and the other
set of threads (b) termed the weft threads, which are one more in
number than the warp threads (a), are each wound on a large spool (B),
such as the smaller ones used for the under thread of the "Wheeler
and Wilson" sewing machine, or it might be in a ball or cop form, or
on a reel placed in a case or shuttle, in either case ranged in long rows
of slots or spaces B' as close together as possible in or on the upper side
of a long narrow transverse bar (C) reciprocated in a rail (D) or
equivalent guides over the part of the web or net (a¹, b',) just netted
or finished to allow each loop of the last row of "kinches" or open slip

page_text: knots, just formed on or with the warp threads (a) by a single row of a
particular form of crochet or netting needles or hooks (I) ranged across
the whole warp or net, one to each warp thread, to be passed off its
respective forming hook over one of two of the spools (B) (or shuttles)
with the weft thread or cord 6 previously wound on it and brought
laterally under the spool (or otherwise the spool threads might be passed
through the loops of the warp) so as to have these warp slip loops
drawn tight, and the knots formed on or with the weft threads, all
simultaneously and automatically right across the whole warp and width
of the net and machine, or web and netting loom as it may be termed.
Thus as cach row of knots is so formed it is taken up by the delivery
rollers Z, Z', at a regulated and equal distance, all so as to regularly
and successively complete a row of meshes of any desired size, as will
herein-after be more fully explained.
And in order that the nature, novelty, and mode of performing my
said Invention (so far generally stated) may be fully understood, I will
now proceed to describe the means employed, or the construction and
arrangement of the mechanism therefor; and the sequential movements
of the respective parts thereof, and of the warp and weft threads a
and b, to produce the said results, in accordance with the improvements
constituting my said Invention.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 3, on Sheet 1 of the accompanying
Drawings, this machine or netting loom consists of two main side frames
1, 1, secured together by transverse stays 2, 2, so as to carry all the
fixed and working parts of the machine. The warp beam A is mounted in
bearing brackets, secured at the back of the side frames 1, 1, and has
a constant or uniform friction or pacing tension kept on the beam A
by the friction pulleys 3 and weighted brake lever 4, sufficient to resist
the action of the heavy gravitating roller or bar A", carried in bearing
slides A¹¹¹, working in slots or guides A"" in the side frames 1, 1, and
resting on or across the whole of the warp threads a between the
guide rollers A', A', for taking up the slack of the warp loops; but so
attached by links 5¹ to the free ends of the counterweighted side levers 5
that the roller A" can be tightened up for an interval while the whole
row of knots are being drawn tight and finished, as will herein-after be
explained, by the cam 6 acting on the antifriction roller 5" of the two
levers 5. The back warp roller A then yields to give off thread for a new
set of meshes, by the lifting of the brake lever 4, through its links and

page_text: "
antifriction pulley 4¹ and the cam 7 below it, just at the time the taking-
up rollers Z, Z', in front are winding up or delivering the finished part
a', b', of the net. The threads of warp a are led forward from their said
delivery "paced beam A at the back over the first guide roller A³,
down under the said tension and tightening up, vertical sliding cross roller
or bar A", and up over the second guide roller A¹ in front of the said
tightening roller A" and slide A", and in the same plane or parallel
with and passed through a row or set of small holes or eyes e formed
at equal distances apart in the upper edge of the back dividing plate E¹
(or it might be eyes in the top of a set of short vertical studs) secured
in the rail or loop bar E, which is fixed to brackets at 1' at the top
edge of the said frame 1. Each warp thread a being passed through
one of the said eyes, and then through vertical slits or narrow divisions
formed in a line with the eyes e in the upper edge of the double plates
F, F, between angled or round headed thin broad teeth or stiles f,f',
in the form of a wide spaced open topped dividing reed or comb ƒ,ƒ¹,
secured in the middle of the beam E, and a little higher than the eyes e
and line of threads a passed over the round edged guide feather G,
secured to the front edge of the beam E and down to the taking-up
roller Z, Z¹.
A long light reciprocating warp thread locking bar H is fitted to
reciprocate between the combs F, F, having a short stud working
laterally between each pair of slits over the cord a passed through them.
(as seen particularly in Figures 4, 4 A, 4 B), and which when recipro-
cated forward across each thread or cord a holds it from rising while the
loops or knots are being formed and drawn forward by the needles I,
and each passed over a spool of weft thread B, b; but when the loop
has passed round the spool B and been drawn close round the stud h
(by the tightening roller A", and levers 5 and cam 6) the holding bar H
is then drawn back by the lever H³, and a lateral projecting or cam
part H on the side of one of the cams 13, and allows the loop or knot
to be tightened up and formed; when the whole row of knots and
meshes so formed are then drawn forward through the front slits or
comb f¹, by the winding-up or delivering rollers Z, Z', by their taking-up
cam and ratchet pall lever, 2¹, working on the teeth of the ratchet
wheel keyed on the one end of the taking-up roller Z, so as to
deliver the finished net at the back into a receptacle by the weight of the
roller Z' working over the net and roller Z or be wound on to the
upper

page_text: roller Z¹ direct, much the same as in weaving looms. The warp thread a
and finished meshes pass on in the plane of the dividing and retaining
eyes c and combs f, f¹, of the loop bar E, over the smooth rail G rounded
at the upper and back corners, and then directly down over or under,
and partially round the feeding roller Z, or between it and the
feeding roller Z', which gripe and take up the netted fabric at a
uniform rate or distance at cach action of their feeding cam ≈ and
lever equal to the length of mesh desired, just after each row of knots
and meshes are finished; and one or both rollers may be covered with
india-rubber or other roughened or griping material to assist the griping
and delivering of the net.
The weft thread spool rail D is placed and fixed to flanges at 1', the
same as the bar E, to the upper edges of the said frames 1, 1, a little
behind and above the fixed smooth rail G, and carries the actual spool-
holding bar C, which is reciprocated to the extent of one division or
spool B to or fro after each row of knots and meshes is formed within a
slot D¹ in the rail D, or it might be guides in the side frames 1, 1, made
of a strong open form tied together by the cross stays 2, so as to carry
all the said revolving beams or rollers and their driving shafts and
gearing and fixed rails E and D, all much in the same manner as the
side frames in a power loom.
The hooked needles I, I¹, for forming the loops and knots with the
warp threads or cords may either be formed with their hooks and bars I
straight, as shown in Figures 6 and 6 A, or with twisted hooks I, as
shown in front elevation in their several positions of rising and falling to
form the loops in Figure 6 B, the straight needles being those which are
used in the machine shown in Figures 1 to 3, and as seen in the detached
front view, Figure 6 A. The hooked needle part I is considerably
reduced equally on each side of the cylindrical stem I' with the extreme
point in the centre, but as seen in the side view, Figure 6; this needle
part is reduced to about half the size of the stem in a straight line with
the rounded back thereof right down to the sharp point i at the back,
rising in an inclined plane or wedge shape towards the front and hook
part I. This form of hook requires a greater revolving or twisting
action to form the loops and knots than the twisted needle shown in three
positions in Figure 6 B, which has the needle part I formed on the
lower end of its small cylindrical spindle I reduced to about half the
size a little above the hook I equally from each side looking in one

page_text: carrying the needle I is
the needles I revolve in
direction, as seen in the right-hand Figure, with the sharp point i in
the centre, but looking at an angle or the profile of this turned round
at right angles to each other, as seen in the central and left-hand views.
It is formed and shown wholly to one side, where the extreme lower
sharp tapered or conical point i is formed, and from which the barb or
hook part I rises, and is twisted about 90° or so up into the hollow left
by the reduction of the spindle. A row of straight spindles I', Figures 6
and 6 A, with their hooks I, i, are mounted in a long transverse recipro-
cating bar or rail J, J', each with its vertical axis I' over a corresponding
warp thread a, and so that the rail or bar J, J', carrying them is recipro-
cated vertically and longitudinally with the needles I, I', in the line of
their threads, and over the slits in the dividing combs ƒ, ƒ¹, and over the
spool rail C in the line of one or other of the two adjacent spools B (on
the right and left of each warp thread), which is brought in a line with
each needle I, I, every alternate row of meshes or knots being
formed. The part J, J', of this bar J, J',
preferably formed with a slit in it, so that
journal bearings in the upper and lower parts or plates J', J¹, secured to
the back of the bar J, and are cach turned or oscillated by pinions I"
fixed on their spindles I¹ within the slit between the two journal
bearings, seen particularly in the back view, Figure 6 C, theso
pinions I being all geared into the reciprocating toothed rack Ju
working behind them within the said slot or space between the journal
plates J, J', with antifriction rollers Ju behind it. The rack J" is
reciprocated by the rod J, having its inner end connected to it by a
stud J working up through a slot in the upper plate J', while its outer
end is connected to the upper free end of its actuating lever J' oscillating
on a fulcrum stud J³ near the middle of this lever carried on one of the
rocking side levers K, actuating the needle bar or rail J, so that an
antifriction roller and stud Jo on the lower end of the lever J* works
into a cam groove J' in the periphery of one (or it might be both) of the
cams 10 (which give the longitudinal rocking action to the levers K and
rail or bar J), so as to reciprocate the rack J and turn the hooks
through their pinions I" at the proper sequential time and to the
required degree to form the loops and knots, as will be herein-after more
particularly described.

page_text: frames 1, 1, and are secured together at their upper ends by the
transverse stay K, so as to be reciprocated as a rocking frame
(analogous to that of the lathe of a loom) outside the main frame 1, 1,
by a lateral stud and antifriction roller K2 in each, working into the
groove K³ formed on the inside face of the two cams 10 keyed on the
first motion shaft 11, which carries all the other cams from which the
various motions are taken, and working in bush bearings in the upper
part of the side frames 1, 1, this shaft 11 being actuated from any
adjacent prime moving or motive power shaft by belts passed over the
fast and loose pulleys 12, 12', on it. The needle rail J receives its
longitudinal reciprocating motion from the rocking levers K by studs
and antifriction rollers j, j', secured to its outer end, inserted and
working in slots K™ in the upper ends of these levers K, and it receives
its vertical reciprocating motion in these slots through the rocking
frames and levers L, l, and cams 13. Antifriction rollers l¹ on the ends
of a transverse bar secured to the free ends of the levers 7 rest on the
cams 13, while the back ends of these levers 7 oscillate on fixed studs 711
projecting laterally from the upper back ends of the frames 1, 1, and the
front ends of the frame L, L, are secured at L' to the back of the bar J,
and the back parts are secured together by the transverse stay L", and
work by slots L on the lateral studs I³ projecting inwards from the
frame 1, 1, over the studs, and levers 7, 1, are connected to the
frame L, L, through the two links ", attached below to the bar and
above to studs in the frame L, all so that as the antifriction pulleys /
and levers rise and fall by the action of the cam 13 and weight of the
frame and levers L, 7, respectively; the needle bar J, J', is raised and
lowered in proper sequential time or periods with that of its lateral
reciprotating motion given to it by the rocking frame K, and cam 10,
and cam groove K³, all as will herein-after be more particularly described.
The cams 10 and 13 are revolved simultaneously in the same direction
and at the same speed on the shaft 11 mounted and actuated as before
described, or they may be actuated in any equivalent manner from any
other first motion shaft through gearing and wheels, so that the cams
may revolve or be driven at the same speed, and thus each revolution of
the cams 10 and 13 will give the parallel, vertical, and horizontal
motions respectively to the needle bars J, J'; and the cam groove J'in
the periphery of the front cam 10 gives the oscillatory to-and-frow or
twisting motion to the needles I, I', necessary for forming and finishing
a single row of meshes and knots, all as will herein-after be more fully

page_text: described in reference to the action of a single row of needles in forming
a single row of meshes.
In this machine Figures 1 to 3 for making ordinary fishing nets each
needle or hook I, I', in commencing to form a knot and mesh is (by
the first action of the cams 13 and weight of the frame L) brought
down about 2 inches in its true position, see Figures 4, 5, and 6, say,
exactly over its corresponding tight warp thread a (stretched through
the eyes e and combs f, f¹, and locked by its locking bar and studs H, h,
as before stated, during about 30° of the revolution or the cam) in front
of the comb f' and locking bar H, h, when the bevelled conical point i
forces the thread outwards or laterally over the hook part I, i, so that it
springs into the hollow of the spindle above the hook, which as it
descends is in the position indicated in Figure 6 A, when it is then raised
(1 inches or so during about 25° of the revolution of the cams 13 and
shaft 11), so as to draw the warp thread a upwards with it in the form
of a bow or loop, as seen in this position in Figures 1, 2, and 3, with
the shaft and cams on it, all corresponding thereto, and in Figures 4
and 6 nearly reaching the same position at the top of the front combf, the
dotted red line in the Figures 4 and 5 indicating the course of the point
of the needle I, and the spindle and hook while rising is turned about
of a revolution, as indicated by the arrow on it in Figure 6, so as to
give the warp a half twist or turn to form the first loop, when the
needle bar J, J', is then carried back by its cam 10, K³ (1½ inches or
so during about 20° of the revolution of these cams and shaft 11; and
while the needle is descending (1½ inches or so during about 15° of the
revolution of the cams 10, 10, and their shaft 11) it turns a quarter
revolution more in the same direction as before behind the back holding
combf (as indicated by the detached needle, Figure 6 A), and draws the
first twisted loop tight over the locking stud h, so that during this
descent this loop slides up the small part of the spindle, when the
bevelled point i, then presses the warp thread a stretched between the
dividing holes e and back comb f laterally to the side, and hooks and
twists it another quarter of a revolution in the same direction while
rising to form a second loop, which is then drawn up through the first
loop (about 2 inches during about 50° of the revolution of the shaft 11
and cams J and 13), which slides over it off the point of the hook I
altogether, and forms a "kinch" or slip knot over or round the holding
stud / between the slit combs f, f', when the needle bar J, J', is then

page_text: brought forward 4 inches or so by the cams 10, K³, during which for-
ward motion each needle I, I', is again twisted back half a turn in the
reverse direction to the arrows in Figures 6 and 6 A to the position shown
in dotted lines in Figure 5 descending at the front of the spool and weft
thread bar C about 2 inches (during about 80° and 30° of the revo-
lutions of the shaft 11 and its cams 10 and 13 respectively for the forward
and downward motions), all so as to draw this last loop over the spool B
(previously brought under it or in a line with its needle), this being
assisted by the pointed stile or dividing plate 6" behind each spool B
with an A shaped segmental guard 6 projecting forward from near the
top over the spool to guide the warp loop over it, and having a small
part cut away at 6 on one side near the bottom to allow the weft thread
to pass straight and freely out of the spool without friction, or a hole or
eye might be used for this through the lower part of the loose stile or
guide, which, as well as the spool, lifts slightly and allows the warp
loop to pass out below them after being pressed out of the hook I by the
shoulder c of the rail C at the lowest part of its descent, and embraces
and carries a loop of the weft thread 6 from the spool B with it forward
to the locking pin h, round which the knot is being formed by the
tightening roller A", and its levers and cams 5 and 6, as before stated. The
lockers are then withdrawn from the slip knots, which are now drawn
tight over or with the weft thread or loop 6 (during about 15° and 30°
respectively of the revolutions of the cams and their shaft 11), the
weight of the transverse tightening roller A", which yielded to com-
pensate for the forming of the loops, and drawing them over the spools,
now acts to take up the slack of the loops during the first part of the
revolution, and the cams 6 and levers 5, or other equivalent motion
taken from the shaft 11 during the last parts of its motion, tightens and
completes the row of knots.
So little tension is required on the spools B to keep them from turning
that the weight of the guide above, or a light spring at the side of
each is sufficient, and which admits of the warp loop passing between it
and the spool B, the previously formed row of knots in fact sustaining
all the strain of tightening the last row, which is effected, as before
described, during the latter small part of the revolution of the cams 6
acting on the antifriction rollers 5" of the levers 5 while the needle bar
is being raised again 2 inches or so in front of the spools during about
50° of the revolution of the cam shaft 11. The whole row of finished

page_text: meshes a¹, b¹, so formed is then finally taken up by the front receiving
or delivery roller Z, Z', while the needles I and needle bar J arc
travelling back (3 inches or so during about 60° of the revolution of
the cams) ready for commencing the next row of loops or slip knots, all
as herein-before described. The cams 10, K³, and 13 are all keyed or
fixed on the shaft 11 in proper positions to give the longitudinal and
vertical motions and pauses to the needles I and I', all for the purpose
of forming the several loops or parts of the knots in their proper
positions and relative times to complete the knots, as herein-before
described, while the cam groove J' in the periphery of the cam 10
turns the needles to and retains them in their proper positions suited to
the longitudinal and vertical motion or pauses of their carrying bar.
The weft or spool bar C is shifted to its two positions in a slide D' in
the upper face of its carrying bar D fixed to the side frames 1, 1, by a
cam or cam groove as C¹ driven at half the speed of the other cams,
carried and actuated by a toothed wheel as C" carried on the stud C",
projecting from one of the side frames 1 and actuated by a pinion Ca
keyed on the shaft 11, with half the number of teeth to that of the
wheel C indicated in red lines in Figure 1, so that an antifriction
roller c on the free end of the lever c" fulcrumed on a bracket project-
ing from the side frame 1 is connected by an oval joint to a pin c¹u
projecting up from the top of the bar C so as to move and retain it in
the two positions stated to hold one of the two adjacent spools B to the
right or left of each warp thread opposite or in a line with it for forming
each alternate row of knots as before stated.
The locking bar H and shown in its two positions, Figures 4 B and
4 C, with the locking studs & above the warp threads to hold them from
rising in the slots in the combs f and f¹ while the knot is being formed
round them, and back behind these, so as to allow the knots to be drawn
tight and carried forward through the front comb¹ when finished, is
held in its locked position by the antifriction roller (on one end of the
lever H fulcrumed on a bracket projecting from one of the side frames
1) working on the disc part of the cam 13 and for the greater part of
its revolution held there by the power of the spring h¹ at the other end
of the lever H¹ directly connected to the end of the rod H passing out
through a slot in its one end, while the bar H, ½, is shifted to the
unlocked position for the moment of letting the knots off the holding
studs by a small segmental piece H" on the said cam 13 acting on the
antifriction pulley of the lever H¹.

page_text: To prevent the warp threads a slipping on the under side of the
holding studs a small semicircular cross piece k is fixed between the
opposite combs and f' below, or to the one side of the slots and cords
in the combs, just under the studs in their locked position, as
indicated in red dotted lines in Figure 4, so that when the studs / are
pressed forward to this position they grasp the cord between their under
side and the holding piece k, either laterally or vertically, by an inclined
action or other equivalent, as by angled slotted holes with pins in the
bar H, as indicated at ¹ in red lines in Figure 4 C, which would lift the
studs when drawn back, and press them down when pushed forward by
the lever H¹.
In the finer class of netting the studs on the bar H can be made of
steel wire, in which case the front combf' can be made with an eye g, as
shown in the section figure F1, in which the studs are thrust when
the bar His in the locked position; and when it is necessary to gripe or
"check" the cord or loop a a slotted piece g¹ is used fixed to the
comb f¹, as seen in figure F2, instead of the cye g.
When this eye
or slot is used the back comb f may be dispensed with.
The warp beam A is held from turning by the brake and lever 4 while
the row of knots are being finally tightened by the roller A" and its
levers 5, but is slacked while the taking-up lever and pawls ¹, ", are
acting to take up as much warp as has been worked into meshes by the
needles just before the cam 7 relieves the levers 5 and roller A", the
weight of which is sufficient for yielding to form the loops and take up
the slack, or tighten them up to their holding studs ; but a regular
weighted pace might kept on the giving-off warp beam or roller A
sufficient for this, while a cam on the first motion shaft, through a lever
or other equivalent, might tighten a brake on the shaft of the roller A
at the moment of finally tightening up and finishing the knots, and be
relieved when the woven net has to be taken up by the rollers Z, Z'.
The cams 6, 7, and 13 might be made with grooves to act in both
directions, as the cams 10, K³, are, although they have only been shewn
in the Drawings as single-acting cams, a spring or weight acting on the
levers in the opposite direction, the annular parts of the cams giving the
pauses, while the rising and falling curved parts give the movements in
either direction respectively.
It will be understood that other arrangements of cams and cam

page_text: grooves than those described may be used for giving the necessary
sequential reciprocating motions to the loop-holding bar, needle bar, and
spool bar, and oscillating and reciprocating motion to the needles for
forming the knots and meshes with the continuous warp and weft
threads, in accordance with and forming the essentials of my said In-
vention as described, as, for instance, barrel cams or cam grooves might
be used at each side of the machine for giving the vertical and longi-
tudinal motions to the needle bar, instead of doing this by a separate
cam groove, as herein-before described, the cams on the surface of the
barrel giving one motion, while rising or radial cams on the ends of the
barrel might give the motions at right angles to the former; or the
depth of the grooves in the barrel cams might be made to give this
latter cam action, such as that of the longitudinal and vertical traverse
of the needle bar from the same cams.
The twisted hook needles shown in Figure 6B may be employed in
these netting machines instead of the straight ones shown in Figures 6
and 6A, and as they do not require to get more than a third of a
revolution to enable them to form the knots they may be turned or
oscillated through a short lever fixed on each spindle I by a simple
connecting rod connecting the free ends of all the short levers,
reciprocated or actuated in the manner described in reference to the
rod J, or by other equivalent means. The needle on the right of
Figure 6 B is shown in position as just going to pass down and press
out the warp thread a, indicated by two small dotted circles, over its
barb or twisted hook I in front view, and in front of the comb f¹, while
in rising it gets a quarter turn or so in the direction indicated by the
arrow on it before passing over the combs and holding studs / to
descend at the back of the combs, as indicated in the front view in the
central needle of the said Figure 6 B, which would come down on the
other side of the warp thread a indicated by the dotted circle, and then
hook it and bring it up through the first formed loop a, shown as slipped
up into the narrow part of the needle above the hook, after having
made th of a turn back in the opposite direction, as indicated by the
arrow on the needle to the left of Figure 6 B, and shown in the position
in which it is drawn up with the second loop, so that the barb would
pass up through the first loop without catching it.
Referring to the several Figures on Sheet 2 of the accompanying
Drawing Figure 7 is an end view of the main parts of a net making or

page_text: weaving machine, and Figure 8 is a corresponding front view of the
same machine with the central part shown as cut away to shorten the
Figure, both constructed in accordance with and illustrative of a different
modification or general arrangement and construction of my said
Invention or improvements from that shown on Sheet 1, the same
letters of reference indicating the same or equivalent parts in the several
Figures where shown, so that it will only be necessary to describe the
distinguishing features of difference between this and the former
arrangement.
In this arrangement, Figures 7 and 8, the needles and needle bar are
only reciprocated vertically direct by the cam and cam groove 10, K³,
the bar J reciprocating by end bushes J* in slots or guides 1' right over
the first motion shaft 11 in the stationary side frame 1, 1, continued up
for that purpose, rollers on end studs at K² projecting from the ends of
the bar J direct into the groove K³ of the cam 10, and as the needle
bar has no longitudinal motion the loop forming comb and locking
bar E, F, and H is mounted on end fulcrum journals at its lower
edge Ex in the side frames 1, 1, so that the locking bar and combs can
be oscillated half an inch or so to cach side of the needles, so that they
may come down in front and back of the combs alternately to allow the
needles to lift the warp a and form the second loops, all otherwise
substantially as described in reference to the Figures on Sheet 1. This
rocking action of the comb or loop bar E is effected by two sliding
rods m working in guides in the side frame indicated in dotted red lines
at m in the Figures, and an antifriction stud and roller M at one end
of this rod works into a cam groove formed on the inside of the cam M³,
while projecting pins F*, one at each upper end and edge of the bar E,
work into the fork m* of an arm on the upper sides of the sliding
bars M, so as to oscillate it at two parts of the revolution of the cam
groove M³, retaining it in the two positions on each side of the needles
until the first and second loops are formed and drawn tight on it; the
last part of the backward motion of the bar m, preparing for the forming
of the first loop, is made to actuate the taking up lever and pawls =, <¹,
of the ratchet wheel of the taking up rollers Z, Z', as indicated in
dotted lines in Figure 7.
The row of needles I, I', in this arrangement rise high enough with
the second loops of the knots for the row of spools B to be passed
through them, in this case ranged in front of a transverse bar C, fitted

page_text: and reciprocated to and fro, as before explained, to the extent of one
spool in front of each needle within a slide or guide D at the lower end
of an oscillatory hanging frame or lathe L, L, fulcrumed at the
top 1¹¹ of standards 1' formed by the continuation of the guides of the
needle bar J in the side frames 1, 1. The spools B are ranged in spaces
as close as possible, formed by thin division plates B₁ fixed in the
rail C, as in the modification on Sheet 1, but with the rail in front
instead of below, with the pointed loop, opening or dividing stems, or
fingers in this case forming the bottom of the spaces made concave
or segmental inside for the spools B to rest on with, the points
projecting beyond, as shown in the plan view of a part of the rail C,
full size in Figure 9, with the spools removed and shown in two spaces
in red lines. The spool lathe L, L, is oscillated by the cam grooves N
(also cut in the inner face of the cam wheels 10, as the others K' and M'
for actuating the needle bar J of the loop or knot making cam bar E
and F) through the stud and antifriction pulleys N¹ working within it,
and fixed in one end of the bars Nu sliding in guides in the side
frames 1, 1, and which by a stud N in them give motion to the lower
forked end of the lever N2 fulcrumed on a stud or rocking spindle at each
upper front corner of the two side frames 1, 1, so that their upper
ends N³, which are connected to the side frames of the rocking
lathe L, L, by the short links or connecting rods N* actuate it to and
fro, and bring the spools B back through the second long loops just as
the needles I, I', have raised them to their highest position, when the
needles make a short descent (by the curved part K³ of their actuated
cam groove K³) down into the groove c* in front of the spools and
narrow ledge c, which latter presses the warp loops off the needles I, so
that they are then drawn under the spools by the weight of the roller A¹¹
and levers 5, so as to take up all the slack of the loops and draw the
weft thread or loop 6 close up to the knot forming and locking or
holding studs h, which are then released (as will herein-after be
explained) just as the raised parts 6' of the cam 6 come round to the
antifriction rollers 5' of the levers 5, and press them and roller A" to
fully tighten and complete the row of knots, and hold the roller and
warp down while the bar m and ratchet pawls, ¹, and wheel z¹¹ take up
the finished meshes, when the cams 6 release the levers 5, and leave
them and the roller A" free to give off the warp, and take up the slack
as the loops are being formed, all otherwise as has been herein-before
described in reference to the Figures on Sheet 1. As the lower edge of

page_text: the loop bar E is close over the first motion shaft 11, and has very little
oscillating motion, advantage is taken of this to get a very simple motion
to work the locking bar H, h, either in a positive manner in both
directions, or with a spring to retain it locked, and a projection to
release it by the two small disc cams fixed on the shaft 11, and near
the two sides, so as to work up into two slots formed in the lower edge
of the bar E close to the tail or stud pieces h* projecting down from the
under side of the locking bar H, only indicated in dotted lines in
Figure 8, and which would hold the bar and locking studs h in their
locked position during the turning of the plain disc parts of these cams,
and only slack them back at the short cam or laterally raised segmental
part o¹.
The spools B may have an automatically holding bar be fitted to rest
softly along them when their rocking frame L is passing through the
outer part of its motion. By attaching this light spool holding bar ² to
the horizontal arms of two crank levers fulcrumed to studs at the
lower part of the frames L, L³, with cords or wires 6 attached to the
vertical arms of the bell-crank lever ³, and to some suitable fixed or
stationary part of the machine, so that as the lathe L moves towards
the needles I and their loops, the holder would rise and let the loops
pass over the spools, and as these and the frame L come out clear of the
loops and needles the holder would fall down again and retain them
steady with a little pacing or tension when that was found desirable.
The perimeter or periphery of one of the cam wheels 10 is made broad
and parallel to the cam groove K³, which raises the needle bar J with
a shallow cam groove s' cut in it for actuating the lever J* fulcrumed on
the bar for working the toothed rack or connecting rod J", which turns
the needles through the bar or rod J³, connected at its inner end to the
said lever, and working out through a slot in one of the end slides J¹, so
that a pin or antifriction pulley S on its outer end works into the
grooves in the edge or rim of the compound cam wheel 10, somewhat
analogous to the cam groove J' in Figures 1, 2, and 3, for the like
purpose of turning the needles, except that in this case the groove 8, s¹,
is cut in duplicate in reverse directions, crossing each other at the
points, just where the needles have to be turned to the position to a
begin a new row of knots, and where a shifting point or vane t is hinged
at t¹ with a back tilting and holding sector fitted with a rolling or
round holding spring bolt & fitted into a recess between the grooves, as

page_text: indicated more clearly in the large detailed front view, Figure 10, of the
crossing part of this double reverse groove 8, s', which is for reversing
the turning action of the needles and twisting of the loop of the warp
threads every alternate row, which is preferred in some cases to produce
and preserve the knots or angles of the meshes in even lines, parallel and
at right angles to the selvages.
Referring to Figures 8 and 10 the action of this reversing duplex cam
grooves, s¹, is as follows:-As the cam 10 turns in the direction of the
arrows on the Figures the acting pin or roller S on reaching the
▸ crossing 8" to begin a set of knots would take into the outer grooves by
gliding down the vane t in the position it is shown, and so draw the
slide bar out to turn the needles I in one direction, but as the pin or
pulley S passed the reversing and holding segment " it would reverse
and fix the vane, as indicated in red lines in Figure 10, so that the next
time the crossing comes round the roller would glide along the other
side of the vane t from the outside groove s into the entrance of the
inside groove s¹, which would shift the slide rod J inwards and turn
the needles I in the reverse direction before beginning this row of knots
from what it did on the former, and as the roller S passed the inside of
the back reversing segment t" it would tilt or set the vane t again to
the position shown in black lines in the two Figures 8 and 10, when
on the third revolution of the cam 10 and crossing s" the same sequence
would be observed of turning the needles successively in reverse
directions, that is, to the right every second revolution, and to the left
every intermediate successive alternate revolution of the reversing cam
groove.
In some cases several rows of meshes at the edges of the nets are
made with larger and stronger thread or twine than the body of the net,
and in such cases these heavier warp threads could be wound on different
warp beams or pulleys from that A carrying the body part of the warp,
so that they might be placed and given off differently to suit the tension
and different size of warp, and roll or beam required for it, otherwise
paced by equivalent mechanical arrangements to that described in
reference to the beam A, and if found desirable larger needles or spools
might be used for forming the knots with these heavier warp and weft
threads at the sides of the nets.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed or

page_text: carried into practice, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to
the precise details which I have herein described or delineated, neither
on the other hand do I desire to claim the mere principle of forming
nets with two continuous or endless threads, nor the whole of the parts
of net forming machinery which I have had occasion to describe or refer 5
to, except as combined with my new or improved mode and means or
mechanism herein specified for that purpose; but what I consider novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The general construction and arrangement of the parts of a 1
machine or mechanism for the weaving or forming of fishing and other
nets with a continuous set of warp threads, and of weft threads or cords,
all substantially in the new or improved manner herein described in
reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The forming of the double loops or kinches of the knots of 1
fishing and other nets wholly on the set of warp threads a by the
vertical and horizontal rocking or vertical reciprocating motion of a row
or set of rotating hooked needles before passing the last loop over the
weft spool or holder, whether the needles are made with straight or
twisted hooks, all substantially as herein described in reference to and 2
shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The construction of rotating needles for the making of fishing
and other nets with twisted hooks to lessen the rotation required, and
the forming of the points of rotating hooked needles (whether with
twisted or straight hooks) to the one side with an inclined point, so that 2
the needle can hook the cord on either side, although only traversed in
the vertical plane of the cord, all substantially as herein described in
reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The construction and use of a fixed bar of guiding combs e
with a reciprocating holding or locking bar for forming the loop knots of 3
fishing and other nets with the warp threads or cords, all substantially
as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Fifth. The construction and use of a transverse weighted roller or bar
on the top of the warp threads for tightening up the slack of the loops 3
and knots of fishing and other net making machines, either with or

page_text: without levers or cams for tightening and finishing the knots, all
substantially as described in reference to and shown in the accom-
panying Drawings.
Sixth. The constructing and arranging of the spools (with their con-
tinuous weft threads or cords) of fishing and other net making machines
in a close row or set, with divisions between them, and with pointed or
dividing fingers opposite the spools, and either with or without pro-
tecting covers to insure the warp loops passing freely over them,
whether the spools are reciprocated to and fro laterally in a fixed bar or
position, or in a rocking or oscillating frame for the passing of the
spools through the warp loops, all substantially as described in reference
to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Patrick, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
W. PATRICK. (L.S.)