Improvements in Mechanical Movements applicable to Drills and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Aug., 1898-Accepted, 2nd Sept.,
1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by HARVEY DANIEL WILLIAMS, of Ithaca, New York,
United States of America, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, and
HORACE GEORGE HOADLEY, of Waterbury Connecticut, United States of
America, Manufacturer.]
Improvements in Mechanical Movements applicable to Drills and
the like.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
45, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained, in and by the following statement:―
The object of the improvement is, in general terms, to produce the rotary move-
ment of a shaft by means of the vibratory movements of a lever, which vibration
may be in various planes as well as in the plane at right angles to the shaft,
which is the plane in which the lever is ordinarily moved in such mechanism.
Ratchet drills are a familiar instance where this improvement is applicable.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a view of the exterior of a mechanism embodying said improvement.
Fig. 2 is a view in central lengthwise section of the mechanism shown in
Fig. 1 on the plane denoted by the dotted line with the lever dropped
down so that said section cuts it.
Fig. 3 is a view in cross section of the mechanism shown in Figs. 1 and 2 on the
plane denoted by the dotted line y—y Figure 2.
Fig. 4 is a view of the exterior of a mechanism in which the action of the
mechanism shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is practically duplicated, and made approxi-
mately continuous.
Fig. 5 is a view of the same mechanism which is shown in Fig. 4 from the
side A.
Fig. 6 is a view of a mechanism which is shown in Figs. 4 and 5 in central
vertical section on the plane denoted by the line z z, Figure 4.
Fig. 7 is a side view of a mechanism, the action of which is similar to the
mechanism shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, with the wrench socket shown in central
longitudinal section.
Fig. 8 is also a side view of the same mechanism shown in Fig. 7, but turned
a quarter way round--and here the wrench socket is not shown in section.
Fig. 9 is a modification view in central vertical section of the lower end of the
rotatory shaft and certain appurtenances.
In the accompanying drawings the letter a denotes a central rotary shaft-in
the case of a drill it forms a drill-holder or tool-holder. The letter b denotes

page_text: a circular ratchet fixedly attached to said rotary shaft, of course, thereby made
rotary therewith. The letter c denotes a sleeve surrounding said shaft, and
adapted to rotate thereon. The letter d denotes a pawl or pawls hung in an
annular chamber in said sleeve upon pins e, and pressed to contact with the
ratchet by springs f passing wholly or partly around said pins--preferably
entirely around said pins.
The letter g denotes a lever (practically an operating handle) pivotally attached
to the sleeve c through the medium of a bifurcation fixedly attached to said lever
and taking hold of the trunnions c¹ which project from said sleeve diagonally
from the axis thereof. The letter h denotes a feed-screw taking into and through
the nut i which, by means of an exterior thread, is adapted to screw into a suitable
chamber in said central rotary shaft; it is desirable to keep this feed-screw from
escaping from its nut undesignedly, to accomplish which end there is provided
the Hange screwing-by a threaded pintle attached thereto-to the inner end
of said feed-screw. The letter g¹ denotes a screw which is taken into a bush or
sleeve by means of an exterior thread, and is adapted to be adjusted so that
its forward point will project into a recess in sleeve c as shown in Fig. 1, thereby
holding the lever g in a fixed position in relation to the sleeve c so as to be
operated more comfortably when the lever is to be moved in the ordinary plane.
The sleeve is forced into or otherwise held securely in lever g. By giving
the lever g a vibratory motion-the plane of which may be one embracing the
axis of said central rotary shaft--that shaft is made to rotate when the lever moves
in one direction, and the pawls slip backward upon the ratchet teeth when the
lever moves in the other direction, for supposing the axis of the shaft to be
vertical and the relative position of the parts except the screw or pin g¹ to be
that shown in Figure 1, as the lever is moved upward in a vertical plane, or in
any plane except the one at right angles to the trunnions e, the upper trunnion
is caused to move around backward and the lower trunnion is caused at the
same time to move around forward.
Therefore the effect of the motion of the lever upon both trunnions alike is
to cause the sleeve to rotate on the shaft in the left hand direction, so that the
pawls are inoperative. But when the lever is moved downward in any plane,
except the one at right angles to the axis of the trunnions, the upper trunnion
is caused to turn around forward and the lower trunnion to turn around back-
ward, carrying the sleeve with them in the right hand direction of rotation, so
that the sleeve, through the medium of one of the pawls, which is engaged in a
ratchet tooth, drives the shaft. If there is a plurality of pawls, it is well
to so space the ratchet teeth that the pawls will engage therewith at different
times or intervals, thus, to a degree, preventing lost motion. It will be under-
stood that the feeding or advancing motion may be given to the central rotary
shaft by proper rotation of the feed-screw.
The description so far has applied to what is shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the
drawings. That same description with the same letters, applies to what is shown
in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, but there are other and additional features shown in Figs. 4,
5 and 6, now to be described-the mechanism of those figures being, as already
said, one in which the action of a mechanism as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is
practically duplicated and the operation made approximately continuous. The
letter denotes another sleeve similar to sleeve c, surrounding the central rotary
shaft and adapted to rotate thereon. The letter m denotes another circular
ratchet, similar to ratchet b, fixedly attached to central shaft a; the letter n
denotes another pawl or set of pawls, similar to pawls d, hung in a similar
manner in an annular chamber in the sleeve 7; the lever g operates this sleeve
ratchet and pawls by means of the member o and has a pivotal attachment to a
trunnion on the sleeve ; in this case the sleeve c is operated by the bifurca-
tion P pivotally attached to lever g and trunnions c¹.
The effect of this practically duplicate construction is that the central rotary
shaft has advancing rotary motion given to it in both of the vibratory move-

page_text: ments of the lever g; for, supposing the axis of the shaft to be vertical, as the
lever is moved upward in a vertical plane, or even in a plane nearly vertical, the
upper trunnion on the right of the mechanism, Figure 6, is caused to move
around backward, so that the pawls of the upper sleeve slip back over the ratchet
teeth, while the lower trunnion at the right of the mechanism, is at the same
time caused to move around forward so that one of the pawls of the lower sleeve
drives the shaft. Now when the lever is moved downwards the upper trunnion
moves around forward and causes one of the pawls of its sleeve to drive the shaft,
while at the same time the lower right hand trunnion moves around backward,
and the pawls of its sleeve slip back over the ratchet teeth. The purpose of the
bifurcation with its two pivotal connections with the sleeve c is to prevent loose-
ness of the lever at its pivotal attachments with the trunnions and also to secure
greater strength. The sleeve c can be operated as just described, or by means
of a single connection leaving off one member of the bifurcation P and trunnion
shown at the lower left-hand side.
We have now described Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6; in Figs. 7, 8 and 9, the
mechanism, as we have already stated, accomplishes the same motion as the
mechanism in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, with further modification of the mechanism. The
letter r denotes a bearing handle for the rotary shaft a, it being a handle intended
to be grasped by the hand of the operator, and held stationary while the rotary
shaft has its step by step rotation given thereto. The lever g is directly pivoted
to the rotary shaft through the agency of the trunnion ; and the axis of the
trunnion is at other than right angles to the axis of said rotary shaft, and it
results from this relation that when the lever is vibrated vertically, or in any
direction except in the plane at right angles to the axis of the trunnion the rotary
shaft makes corresponding rotary movements back and forth. In order to permit
a lengthened vibration of this vibratory lever, the body of the rotary shaft is
reversely offset above and below the point of the pivotal attachment of the lever
to the shaft. Such back and forth rotary movements of the rotary shaft can be
made available for the rotation of a nut, as well as for other purposes. In
Figs. 7 and 8 the rotary shaft is shown equipped with a socket-piece s, adapted
for such step by step rotation of a nut; in this use of the device as a wrench,
it is necessary to detach the socket-piece from the nut under operation at every
backward movement of said socket-piece.
For after raising the lever to its highest position (the shaft being supposed
to be vertical) the operator places the lower end of the wrench over the nut and
then bears down on the lever, either in a vertical plane or in a plane approxi-
mating thereto. The shaft is caused to rotate in the right hand direction and the
nut is screwed up. Now if the wrench should continue to cover the nut and
the lever should be moved upward to its first position, the nut would be unscrewed
as much as it had been screwed up. Since the operator desires to screw up the
nut more and more he must, after the downward stroke of the lever, take the
wrench from the nut, move the lever up to its first position, put the wrench onto
the nut, bear down on the lever, and so on. If a nut is to be unscrewed, the operator
puts the wrench onto the nut when the lever is down. By raising the lever he
unscrews it. He then takes the wrench from the nut lowers the lever to its first
position, puts it onto the nut, raises the lever, and so on.
In Figure 9 there are shown parts which avoid such detachment of the socket-
piece in the backward movements of said rotary shaft. This figure shows the
form of the mechanism which would be used for unscrewing right hand nuts.
The letter denotes a socket-piece, corresponding to sleeve in Figure 1, (but
in this case the sleeve is the follower instead of the driver), suitable for engaging
a nut, and rotarily attached to the rotary shaft a. The mechanism for rotating
said socket-piece consists of ratchet b, pawls d, pins e and springs f connected
in the same manner as in sleeve c.
When the shaft a rotates in the left hand direction it drives the socket-piece t

page_text: through the medium of the ratchet and pawl. When the shaft a rotates in the
right hand direction, while the lever is being moved downward, the socket-piece t
is not rotated at all, for the pawl or pawls simply slide back over the ratchet
teeth. The lever is now at its lower position ready for another upward stroke
which will result in further unscrewing the nut.
Thus the device shown in Figure obviates the necessity of removing the
wrench from the nut when the direction of the motion of the lever is changed in
order to return it to the proper position for a new driving stroke.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is;-
-
1. In combination, the central rotary shaft, the sleeve surrounding said shaft
and adapted to rotate thereon, the rotary ratchet wheel and co-operating pawl or
pawls intermediate of said shaft and sleeve; and the lever pivotally attached
to said sleeve by trunnions diagonally located with respect to the axis of said
sleeve, all substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.
2. In combination, the central rotary shaft, the sleeve surrounding said shaft
and adapted to rotate thereon, the rotary ratchet wheel and co-operating pawl or
pawls intermediate of said shaft and sleeve, the lever pivotally attached to said
sleeve by trunnions diagonally located with respect to axis of said sleeve, and the
feed-screw with its co-operating nut, all substantially as described and for the
purposes set forth.
3. In combination, the central rotary shaft, sleeves surrounding said shaft and
adapted to rotate thereon, the corresponding plurality of rotary ratchet wheels
and co-operating pawl or sets of pawls interposed between said shaft and said
sleeves, and the lever pivotally attached to a plurality of said sleeves, one of
said sleeves being connected by bifurcation pivotally attached to said sleeve and
to said lever, all substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.
4. In combination, the central rotary shaft carrying the circular ratchet wheel
on its exterior, and interiorly chambered sleeve surrounding said shaft adapted
to rotate thereon, and the spring-pressed pawl or pawls pivotally hung to said
sleeve within said chamber, and the lever pivotally attached to said sleeve by
diagonally placed trunnions, all substantially as described and for the purposes
set forth.
5. In combination, the central rotary shaft, the sleeve surrounding said shaft
and adapted to rotate thereon, the ratchet intermediate of said shaft and sleeve,
the plurality of pawls arranged in an annular chamber in said sleeve and adapted
to engage the ratchet teeth at separate times or intervals, and the lever pivotally
attached to said sleeve by diagonally placed trunnions, all substantially as
described and for the purposes set forth.
6. In combination, the central rotary shaft, a sleeve-containing an internal
annular chamber surrounding said shaft and adapted to rotate thereon, the rotary
ratchet wheel and co-operating pawl or pawls intermediate of said shaft and
sleeve and located within said chamber, and a lever pivotally attached to said
sleeve by diagonally placed trunnions adapted to give rotation to said sleeve,
all substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.
7. In combination, the central rotary shaft with the vibratory lever pivotally
attached thereto on an axis at other than right angles to the axis of said shaft,
all substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.
8. In combination, the rotary shaft, the bearing handle for that shaft, and the
vibratory lever pivotally attached to said rotary shaft on an axis at other than
right angles to the axis of said shaft, all substantially as described and for the
purposes set forth.
9. In combination, the bearing handle, the reversely offset rotary shaft and the
vibratory lever pivotally attached to said shaft on an axis at other than right

page_text: angles to the axis of said shaft, all substantially as described and for the purposes
set forth.
Dated th: 1 do S August 1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.