IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES OR CYLINDERS FOR WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Robert Samson, of No. 8, Old Chapel Row,
Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES OR CYLINDERS FOR WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS."
66
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES OR CYLINDERS FOR WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS."
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Robert Samson at.
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th April 1862.
I, GEORGE ROBERT SAMSON, of 8, Old Chapel Row, Kentish Town, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES OR CYLINDERS FOR WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a new and improved system of valves for wind
musical instruments. These valves form a part of the main tubeing of the
instrument to which they are attached or applied in lieu of the ordinary
systems hitherto used (which are at all times additional material added to the
instrument, and form no portion of the same). The air enters vertically at
the top or horizontally in the middle of these valves and comes out at the
bottom, or vice versa, in a direct passage with the main tubeing. The air
passes at all times through these valves, whether pressed down or not. lo
ordinary valves the air only passes horizontally through them when pressed

page_text: down or opened. By the application of my system of valves all musical
instruments are improved in their tone and intonation, the bore of the instru
ment never being interfered with, the valve being at all times the same size as
the part of the tubeing to which it is applied.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Robert Samson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th October 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
ROBERT SAMSON, of No. 8, Old Chapel Row, Kentish Town, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Robert Samson, Her special licence, that I, the said George Robert
Samson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or sucli others as I, the said
George Robert Samson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN VALVES OR CYLINDERS FOR WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said George Robert Samson, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Robert Samson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
This Invention consists of a new and improved system of pistons or valves,
made out of and forming a portion of the main and added tubing of each
instrument, and is measured and calculated as a portion of the sounding part
of the same.

page_text: In my system of pistons or valves the air enters into them vertically at the
top or bottom, or horizontally in the middle on one side of the piston only,
coming out at the top or bottom, but never going through them from one side
to the other, as in ordinary systems. The air passes through one end of my
piston at all times, whether it is pressed down by means of a rod or not, and
when the same is pressed down, bringing the added tubing into use, then the
air passes through both ends of the piston.
By the application of my system of pistons, instruments are improved in
their tone and intonation. This arises from the bore of the tubing being
always preserved entire, that is, it is not contracted to enable the air to pass
through the pistons as in the old systems hitherto used; the improvement is
also derived from the pistons being of different sizes, according to the part of
the instrument in which they are placed.
The piston for bringing on the half-tone added tube is situated nearest the
mouth-piece, or small end of the tube, the whole tone next, and so on, cach
piston used increasing in size as it approaches near the bell or large end of
tube.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents a front view of an instrument constructed according to:
my Invention. Fig. 2 back view, and Fig. 3 a sectional view, of an instru-
ment constructed according to my Invention, and shewing the interior
arrangement thereof, the parts colored red representing the moving parts of
tubing made to act as pistons or valves. The same letters of reference denote
similar parts in all the Figs. The letters A shew arrangement of main tubing;
letters B arrangement of added tubing; C, C, C, shows end of piston forming:
part of and joining main tubing A', A', A¹; D, D, D, shews end of piston,
joining and forming part of added tubing B¹, B', B'; E, E, E, shews slots
cut in outer casing, which allow the pins or screws F, F, F, to move up or
down as required; F, F, F, pins or screws inserted in back of piston, the
heads F' of which pins or screws are brought under rods G, G, G, these rods
are attached to heads of pins F', F, F, shewn more clearly on Fig. 1;
H, II, H, are spring boxes through which rods G, G, G, pass, and these rods
are made by means of a spring h in the said box to return to their original
position after being pressed down; one of the rods G', Fig. 3, attached to
piston D', is represented down, the other two rods being represented up; I,
mouth-piece end of tubing or instrument.
In performing on this instrument, or any wind instrument made on this
principle, the air passes from mouth-piece I, and takes the direction through

page_text: main tubing A, as indicated by the arrows, and when the added tubing is
brought into use the air passes through the added tubing B, where piston D¹ is
shewn pressed down as before described.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which
the same is or may be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do
not confine myself to the instrument shewn on Drawing, or to the shape or
configuration thereof, as the principle is equally applicable to all kinds of wind
instruments, such as the cornet-a-piston, trumpet, horn, euphonion, bombardon,
trombone, and all other instruments acted upon by pistons; but what I claim
and desire to be secured by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,--
1st, the system of internal pistons or valves open at both ends, made out of
and forming a portion of the main tubing and added tubing of wind musical
instruments, to be measured and calculated as a portion of the sounding part
of the same, substantially as herein-before described.
2nd, the introducing or attaching of the added tubing to main tubing in
wind musical instruments by means of a single internal piston or valve, shewn
on Drawing, Fig. 3, and herein-before described.
And, 3rd, the general arrangement and combination of parts, substantially as
herein-before described and illustrated on Drawings, or any mere modification
thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Robert Samson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
GEORGE ROBERT SAMSON. (L.S.)