IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORCING AND RAISING LIQUIDS, AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernst Körting, of Hanover, in the German Empire, and of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer; for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORCING AND RAISING
LIQUIDS, AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
Sealed the 9th September 1876, and dated the 15th March 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernst Körting at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1876.
ERNST KÖRTING, of Hanover, in the German Empire, and of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS
FOR FORCING AND RAISING LIQUIDS AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
The object of this Invention is the construction of steam jet apparatus for forcing
liquids to work in a more economical and reliable manner than heretofore, and to
render their application more fit for some purposes in practise. For this purpose I
employ two or more steam nozzles of differential or graduated diameters or sectional
areas, instead of one only, all of which are fitted centrally one into the other, the
inner one always projecting some distance beyond the nozzle into which it is
fitted.
The liquid to be forced meets the steam in the usual condensing nozzle or chamber,
into which it may flow either through one annular space centrally surrounding the
steam nozzle, or through several consecutive annular spaces or slits, or through a
number of openings in the condensing nozzle of any shape, which may serve at the
same time as a filter to keep back any impurities in the liquid from the interior of
the condensing nozzle. Through the steam not meeting the liquid in one single
place, but working on it in as many places as steam nozzles are provided for, the
whirling and collapsing of the liquid at the place of condensation of the steam,
which is very prejudicious to a good and reliable effect, is to a great extent avoided.
To render this apparatus fit for use on board ships for throwing out or discharging
bilge water when the nature of the ship requires the discharge of the water under
the water line, it is desirable to have them arranged in such manner that they may
be started without having to overcome the full back pressure of the water from the
beginning of the work; also that no back pressure valve at the outlet from the
hull may be required, which is always liable to stick, and may just then fail to
Price 6d1

page_text: answer its purpose when most required. For this purpose I arrange the delivery
pipe of the apparatus in such manner that it is conducted inside the ship and
above the water line of the same, where it terminates in a vessel, from which
another pipe loads down below the water line and out of the ship.
The above-mentioned vessel may be opened or closed, but then au outlet at the
top is desirable, with an arrangement to open and shut it, and to give exit to the
air when the apparatus is started; also to avoid the formation of a syphon by this
double pipe drawing the outside water into the ship's hold.
In case a back pressure valve is not objected to, it is not necessary to have the
full back pressure at once in the apparatus. I therefore arrange a sufficiently large
air vessel in the course of the delivery pipe, or I take a sufficiently large branch
pipe from the delivery pipe and up inside the ship above the water line, in which
the water will gradually rise when the apparatus is started until its column over-
comos the outside column; then the back pressure valve will open, and the water
pass into the sea.
This arrangement of several. central steam nozzles may likewise be applied to
apparatus for raising liquids, also to apparatus for feeding boilers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Ernst Körting in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th September
1876.
ERNST KÖRTING, of Hanover, in the German Empire, and of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS
FOR FORCING AND RAISING LIQUIDS, AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
The object of this Invention is the construction of steam jet apparatus for forcing
liquids to work in a more economical and reliable manner than heretofore, and to
render their application more fit for some purposes in practise. For this purpose
I employ two or more steam nozzles of different or graduated diameters or
sectional areas, instead of one only, all of which are fitted centrally one into tho
other, the inner one always projecting some distance beyond the nozzle into which
it is fitted.
The liquid to be forced meets the steam in the usual condensing nozzle or
chamber, into which it may flow either through one annular space centrally sur-
rounding the steam nozzle, or through several consecutive annular spaces or slits, or
through a number of openings in the condensing nozzle. Through the steam not
meeting the liquid in only one place, but working on it in as many places as steam
nozzles are provided for, the whirling and collapsing of the liquid at the place of
condensation of the steam, which is very prejudicious to a good and reliable effect
if the condensation of the whole mass of steam takes place at once, is to a great
extent avoided.
To render this apparatus fit for use on board ships for throwing out or discharging
bilge water when the nature of the ship requires the discharge of the water under
the water line, it is desirable to have them arranged in such manner that they may
be started without having to overcome the full back pressure of the water from the
beginning of the work; also that no back pressure valve at the outlet from the hull
may be required, which is always liable to stick, and may just then fail to answer
its purpose when most required. For this purpose I arrange the delivery pipe of
the apparatus in such manner that it is conducted inside the ship and above the
water line of the same, where it terminates in a vessel, from which another pipe
leads down below the water line into the water and out of the ship.
The above-mentioned vessel may be open or closed, but then an outlet at the top
is desirable, with an arrangement to open and shut it, and to give exit to the air

page_text: when the apparatus is started; also to avoid the formation of a syphon by this
double pipe drawing the outside water into the ship's hold.
In case a back pressure valve is not objected to, it is not necessary to have the
full back pressure at once in the apparatus, I therefore arrange a sufficiently large
air vessel in the course of the delivery pipe, or I take a sufficiently large branch
pipe from the delivery pipe and up inside the ship above the water line, in which
the water will gradually rise when the apparatus is started until its column over-
comes the outside column; then the back pressure valve will open and the water
pass into the sea.
This arrangement of several central steam nozzles may likewise be applied to
apparatus for raising liquids, also to apparatus for feeding boilers.
The accompanying Drawings illustrate apparatus constructed according to my
Invention.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of an apparatus with two central steam nozzles
and annular water nozzles surrounding them. a is the steam inlet and b the inlet
for the liquid; c is the external steam nozzle, and d the internal steam nozzle; e is
the combining chamber of the steam from the nozzle e with the liquid entering the
combining chamber through the annular passage x; fis the combining chamber of
the steam coming from the nozzle & with the liquid already impelled by the steam
from the nozzle c; g is the narrowest cylindrical part of the combining chamber to
which the diverging tube h is connected. Instead of two steam nozzles there may
be more, all of which are placed concentrically one within the other so as to divido
the action of the steam still more on the liquid to be acted upon.
The action of this apparatus is as follows:-The liquid entering at b is impelled
by the steam issuing from c and flows with a certain velocity through the chamber e
and the passage y, and having passed this passage it is further impelled by the jet
of steam issuing from the nozzle d, which increases its already received velocity.
The velocity is gradually reduced in the diverging tube h and converted into the
corresponding pressure. This apparatus may however be varied according to
circumstances. By this arrangement the shocks and the whirling motion of the
water, and the resulting losses of power, are effectually reduced, which are other-
wise inevitable if the whole quantity of steam is condensed at once by the liquid,
which has to fill all at once the thus afforded empty space.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a modification of the apparatus for causing
the jet of water to pass through to the open atmosphere by a passage k at the place
where it has to enter the diverging tube, the same as with ordinary boiler injectors.
Similar letters of reference represent similar parts to those in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of a double apparatus for causing the steam to
act twice on the liquid. a is the steam inlet; 6 is the inlet for the liquid; and
c, the steam nozzle of the first apparatus. is the annular orifice or passage through
which the liquid enters its combining chamber e with the steam, of which the
narrowest part g forms the passage into the diverging tube h; k is a passage leading
from the end of the diverging tube h to the annular orifice or passage y forming the
entrance for the liquid into the combining chamber f of the second apparatus. dis
the steam nozzle of the same, and is the narrowest part of the combining chamber,
forming at the same time the entrance of the diverging tube m from which the
liquid is led away by the pipe o. n and i are two starting cocks placed at the
delivery ends of the diverging tubes h, m. Instead of only one steam nozzle there
may be several, and all arranged in the same manner, as shown in Figure 1. Instead
of two apparatus, the second impelling again the liquid already impelled and
delivered with a certain pressure by the first, there may be arranged three or more
apparatus, the third again impelling in a similar manner the liquid already impelled
and discharged with pressure by the second, and so forth. All these apparatus
may be arranged and placed in a similar manner to each other as illustrated in
Figure 4, or in any other convenient manner, as the chief object is to lead the liquid
from the diverging tube of one apparatus to the inlet of the combining chamber of
the following or successive one.

page_text: The action and working of the combined apparatus is as follows.-Through the
steam acting on the liquid in the combining chamber of the first apparatus the
liquid receives a certain velocity which is converted into pressure in the diverging
tube of the apparatus, and with this pressure the liquid is forced through the annular
passage y into the combining chamber of the second apparatus, and there its so
acquired velocity being increased by the steam issuing from the nozzle d this
velocity is again converted into an increased pressure by leading the liquid through
the diverging tube m. The cocks i and n facilitate the starting of the apparatus
by opening them at the beginning, as they allow at first free exit to the liquid into
the atmosphere. The cock n is specially desirable if the apparatus is to be used for
feeding steam boilers. For this purpose the first apparatus is easily arranged by
reducing the area of the steam nozzle in proportion to the area of the water nozzle,
and the narrowest part of the combining nozzle as to deliver the water into the
second apparatus at a rate increasing with the pressure of the steam and the tem-
perature of the water. In this manner the first apparatus is the governor of the
second, furnishing it with the water just in the proportion as the second requires it
at the increasing or decreasing back pressure existing in the boiler. This is a most
important feature with boiler feeders genorally, as in ordinary injectors this regula-
tion of water admission to the apparatus has always to be effected by hand and
requires skill and attention. Another important advantage of my Invention is that
the first apparatus furnishes the water to the second with a certain pressure; the
action of the second therefore is quite independent of any vacuum in the combining
chamber, and even if the water entering it be nearly boiling the steam will bo
condensed by it because the combination takes place under pressure. The first
apparatus heating the water very little by reason of its small steam nozzle will
work and start easily even with very hot water.
These apparatus owing to their construction and the employment of several steam
nozzles can start and work with much hotter water (up to 160° F) than any other
injector at present in use. If more than two apparatus are arranged one after the
other, the circumstances are still more in favour to the working with hot water.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the upper part of an apparatus, as illustrated
in Figure 3, only so modified that the area of the steam nozzles is made adjustablo
by two conical spindles q, which may be made moveable by screws and provided
with hand wheels z, or levers, as found convenient. Similar letters of reference
indicate similar parts to those shown in the arrangement in Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a inodification of the upper part of the apparatus shewn in Figure 4;
here valves winstead of conical spindles are used for admitting the steam separately
to the two nozzles. This arrangement of separate steam admission may be modified
in many ways as circumstances require.
Figure 6 is a further modification of the apparatus shown in Figure 4. The first 4
of the two apparatus is provided with an overflow passage or orifice p near the
narrowest part of the combining nozzle, such overflow passage or orifice communi-
cating with the water inlet b through the pipe tube or canal . This communication
has for object the filling of the empty space that might be loft in the throat g by
the jet of water arriving there from the combining nozzle, so that all the orifices are 4
running full. The same letters of reference indicate similar parts as those in Figure 3.
The arrangement of this pipe tube or canal may be modified in many ways.
Figure 7 represents another modification of the apparatus shewn in Figure 3.
Here the combining nozzle of the second apparatus is separated from the diverging
tube by an overflow passage & communicating with the atmosphere through the
pipe t. By the use of this overflow passage the starting cock n is unnecessary in
cases where the temperature in the combining chamber of the second apparatus
does not rise above 212° F. The pipe may be supplied with a self-acting valve so
as not to allow any air to enter the overflow passage or orifice 8. The same letters
of reference indicate similar parts as in Figure 3.
Figure 8 is a modification of the lower part of the apparatus of Figure 3. Here
the delivery of both apparatus are in direct communication by means of a self-
E

page_text: acting valve v opening from the delivery of the first apparatus into that of the
second. This valve will shut by itself as soon as the pressure in the delivery
passage or orifice of the second apparatus is higher than in that of the first. It
will make the starting easier, and at the same time the starting cock i may bo
dispensed with. The same letters of reference indicate similar parts to those in the
preceding Figures. All the arrangements and modifications as explained in reference
to Figures 3 and 8 may be combined with each other according to circumstances.
Figure 9 represents the arrangement of a steam jet apparatus applied inside a
ship for discharging the bilge water. a is the steam jet apparatus; f, the steam
pipe; b, the suction filter; and c, the discharge pipe of the apparatus leading above
the water line and placed inside the ship; & is a pipe leading downward from the
discharge pipe c, and discharges the bilge water through the ship's hull into the
water. At the end of the discharge pipe c, an opening e is provided to admit air
so as to prevent the pipes c and d forming a syphon, and to admit water from the
outside into the interior of the ship.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the
same may be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First. The construction, arrangement, and employment of steam jet apparatus
with more than one central steam nozzle of differential or graduated diameter or
sectional area, as shewn and explained with reference to Figure 1 of the accompany-
ing Drawings.
Second. The combination of two or more steam jet apparatus for forcing liquids
in such manner that the first delivers the liquid with pressure into the combining
chamber of the second, and the second delivers the liquid with increased pressure
into the combining chamber of the third, and so forth, as described.
Third. The arrangement or employment of a starting cock at the delivery end of
one or more of the combined steam jet apparatus as shewn and explained in refer-
ence to Figure 3.
Fourth. The arrangement and employment of a self-acting valve placed between
the delivery chambers of combined steam jet apparatus for the purposes described
and shewn in Figure 8.
Fifth. The employment or use of a steam jet apparatus for discharging bilge
water out of ships in combination with an ascending discharge pipe rising above
the water line inside the ship and connected to a down pipe for discharging such
bilge water through the ship's hull and below the water line, as described and shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernst Körting, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of July, in the year one thousand eight hundred
1
1975-LATTALOS ANG
Witness,.
E. SCHLATTER.
E. KÖRTING. (LS.)