CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OP ROTARY MOTION FOR OBTAINING MECHANICAL POWER, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR RAISING AND IMPELLING FLUIDS
Year: 1841

page_text: HOLT AND JACKSON'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
HOLT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and
ROBINSON JACKSON, of the said place, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Second day of November, One thousand eight hundred and
forty-one, in the fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Robert Holt and Robinson Jackson,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the.
Robert Holt, Robinson Jackson, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
and such others as we, the said Robert Holt and Robinson Jackson, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
other, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION
OP ROTARY MOTION FOR OBTAINING MECHANICAL POWER, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR RAISING AND IMPELLING FLUIDS;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said Robert Holt and Robinson
Jackson, or one of us, shall cause a particular description of the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
Robinson Jackson, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly de-
scribed and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the
following explanation thereof (that is to say) :-
Our Improvements in the Machinery or Apparatus for the Production of Rotary
Motion for Obtaining Mechanical Power, which said Improvements are also
applicable for Raising and Impelling Fluids, consist in certain novel arrange-
ments of mechanism adapted to such purposes, and constituting a rotary engine or
machine, whereby impelling or driving power may be communicated to ordinary
millwork or machinery, or the apparatus may be employed as a pump or
engine for raising or impelling water or other fluids either for domestic, manu-
facturing, or other purposes. But in order that the nature and operation of
our improvements may be fully understood and explained in detail, we have
attached to these presents two Sheets of Drawings, each of which contain a
different arrangement of mechanism or construction of engine, but both being
similar in principle. In Sheet 1, Fig. 1 represents an external front view
of one of our improved rotary engines or machines, adapted either for the
purposes of acting as a steam engine for driving machinery, or a common force
pump. Fig. 2 is a similar view of the interior, merely having the front plate
or side removed. Fig. 3 is an external side view of the engine, and Fig. 4 is
a transverse section taken vertically through the engine at the dotted line A, B,
in Figure 2. The cylinder or casing a, a, a, a, is elliptical, and supported by
the foundation plate b, b, and may be bolted down to framework or flooring,
as circumstances require. c, c, is a moveable piston, also elliptical in its
form, and tightly packed at its ends and sides, so as to be perfectly steam or air
tight. This piston has a mortice or opening d, d, formed entirely through it,
through which the shaft e, e, passes; this shaft also passes through the side
plates a, a, of the cylinder or casing, and is supported in pedestals or bearings
on each side of the machine. Upon the shaft e, e, are formed two projecting
or carrier pieces f,f, in which are mounted friction rollers, 9, 9; now supposing
steam or other elastic vapour or fluid to be admitted through the pipe h, into.
the interior of the casing or cylinder a, a, it will act against the piston c, c, and
force it round in the direction of the arrows, (shewn in red lines in Fig. 2),
and as the shaft e, e, is revolving in its fixed pedestals or bearing the piston as.
it rotates, having the pair of rollers sliding in its parallel mortice or guide, will
thus impart driving power to the said shaft, the exhausted steam passing off by
the exit pipe i, at the opposite side; such power may be readily communicated
to machinery by placing a spur wheel or other connecting medium upon one

page_text: end of the shaft e, when used as a stationary engine, or if it is to be employed
for locomotive purposes, the engine may be placed at once upon the axis or
shaft of the driving wheels, or in any other suitable connection with the same.
If this construction of engine is to be used as a pump for raising or impelling
fluids, the power must be applied to the shaft e, either by a winch handle (for
domestic uses) or any mechanical arrangement (for larger works), the water-
or other fluid being then drawn into the cylinder on one side of the piston and
ejected upon the other side as the piston revolves. An ordinary slide valve or
steam cock must be applied to any suitable part of the machine, when used
as a steam engine, in order that that the engine may be reversed at pleasure,
that is, the revolving direction of the shaft & changed, but if used as a pump
this will not be necessary, as the direction of the current may be reversed by
changing that of the shaft.
Another modification or arrangement of apparatus to be employed for
similar purposes is shewn in Sheet 2 of the Drawings, in which Fig. 1
represents a plan or top view of the machine, is adapted for a steam engine;
Fig. 2 an external side elevation of the same; and Fig. 3 a longitudinal
section of the machine taken vertically at the dotted line A, B, in Fig. 1.
The casing or cylinder is shewn at a, a, a, a, fixed to the foundation plate
b, b, and having two elliptical pistons c, c, working at right angles to each
other within it, the ends of one working or gearing into the sides of the other
alternately, similarly to the tooth and space of ordinary spur gearing. The
pistons must be packed all round the edges and sides, so as to fit the cylinder
or casing perfectly steam or air tight; they are mounted respectively fast upon.
two horizontal shafts d and e, passing entirely through the machine, and sup-
ported in pedestals or bearings outside the side plates of the cylinder a, a. Upon
one extremity of the shafts & and e, a pair of spur wheels, f and g, are fixed,
which are of equal diameters and gear into each other, thereby coupling the
pair of pistons c, c. Now supposing steam or other elastic vapor to be intro-
duced through the pipe h, and through the passage i, into the cylinder, its
force will be exerted against the piston c, which is now in the vertical
position, and drive it round, and at the same time cause the other piston c
to assume the vertical position, when it will act against that and com-
plete the circuit; the exhausted steam passing out by the passage k, and
exit pipe, as shewn by the arrows. Now as each piston thus makes a
revolution, and they are connected together, the rotary motion thus imparted
to the shafts d and e may be communicated from either of them by means
of a spur wheel or other mechanical arrangement, and it will be perceived
that the same concluding remarks as above made with reference to the

page_text: former, described arrangement are equally applicable thereto. A common
slide valve for conveniently, reversing the motion of the engine is shewn as
applied at m, m. A simple arrangement of this rotary machine, as applicable
for a pump, is shewn in Fig. 4, where similar letters denote corresponding
parts of the apparatus, the water or other fluid being drawn up through the
pipe h, and discharged through the pipe l.
Having now particularly described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be understood
that we claim as our Invention the particular arrangement and construction
of the machinery or apparatus as exhibited in the two Sheets of Drawings
attached and herein distinctly set forth, either for the production of rotary
motion for obtaining mechanical power, or the application of the same for
raising or impelling fluids.
Inrolled the Second day of May, in the year above written.