Improved Apparatus and Means for Extracting, Washing, and Con- densing Fat, Grease, Glue, Oil, or other Substances from Bones, Wool, Organic or Inorganic Substances, for Drying the same, and Recovering the Solvent Employed.
Year: 1887

page_text: Improved Apparatus and Means for Extracting, Washing, and Con-
densing Fat, Grease, Glue, Oil, or other Substances from Bones,
Wool, Organic or Inorganic Substances, for Drying the same,
and Recovering the Solvent Employed.
WILHELM BÜTTNER, of Gummersbach in the Empire of Germany, Engineer,
JOHN GEORGE HALLEB, and ISIDOR MAGNUS trading as George Haller & Co. of 86
Leadenhall Street in the city of London Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:--
Our Invention is carried into effect by means of the apparatus hereinafter described,
and represented by the annexed drawings; in which:-
--
Fig. 1, Shews an improved apparatus for extraction by means of a solvent lighter
than the substance to be treated.
Fig. 2, Shews an Improved apparatus for extraction by means of a solvent heavier
than the substance to be treated.
Fig 3, An apparatus for preventing the loss of the solvent; and for reconducting
the collected gases into an extractor, or for using these gases as illuminants if so
desired.
Fig. 4, An apparatus for washing, degreasing, and otherwise treating woolen and
other Fabrics:
The extractor A, Fig. 1, which is jacketed as at K, or is fitted with a steam coil as
at W, is filled with the substance to be extracted, or treated; The coil W, and W¹,
or the jacket K, are then supplied with steam by valve d; cock d', d³, are opened
towards and the suction apparatus a, which is connected with the perforated pipo,
is set to work; thereby the heat produced by jacket K, or coil W₁, is drawn to the
pipe Z, in the centre of extractor A, and thence through valve d, cocks d', and d, to u,
till the substances are warmed, or dried, and a vacuum formed in the extractor A.
The solvent contained in the lower part of the tank B, is now admitted into
extractor A, by the cock and pipe f. The solvent flows from top, to bottom, through
the substances to be treated, and passes mixed with extract, and dirt, through cock o¹,
into space 1, of chamber D.

page_text: This chamber is divided into three spaces 1. 2. 3. the middle one being fitted with
metal filters, or other filtering material, suitable for filtering the extract obtained.
The mixture of extract, and solvent after passing through filtering space 2, reaches
space 3, and runs through cock, and pipe o, in a finely divided state into the pipe
system, in receptacle c, which is heated with steam, by which the solvent is
evaporated, and separated from the extract.
The vapourized solvent enters the vertical pipe system 7. and passes either through
the valves a, a, or through valve a, cock d², and 2, tank B, and cock, into the
extractor A, in order to again take its course in a purified state through the substances
under treatment until the extraction is complete. When the operation is complete, all
valves and cocks except d, d¹, and d², in condenser, are closed, and the suction
apparatus, is again set in motion.
When the heat produced by coil W, or jacket K, draws the solvent contained in the
substances, and water as steam towards the perforated pipe Z, until all water, and
solvent, is separated from the substances under treatment, and the solvent recovered
into the lower part of tank B, the water separates from the benzine, or other solvent
employed, and runs off at e, and the purified solvent is used again.
If bones are to be steamed, or the glue extracted from them, this can be done in the
extractor A, and the extract may be filtered as was done with the fat.
If it is desired to dry the bones, this can be done by admitting warm air, or any
suitable gases may be made to enter by cock m. The warm air, or other suitable gases
enter the extractor partly through the perforated floor 7, and partly through the
cocks, into the perforated pipe Z, through which it is conveyed outwards in an
evenly divided condition towards coil W, or the jacket K.
The moisture contained in the substance under treatment is thrown outward on to
the surrounding wall, or surface, and evaporated by the steam coil W₁, or the jacket K.
The moist air, or steam formed, issuing by manliole y, which is left open until the
substances are quite dry. The resulting extract is now boiled in vacuo in vessel C,
the suction apparatus. being employed until all the solvent is recovered therefrom.
The suction apparatus can be connected if desired to pipo Z, from below, and warm air,
or suitable gases driven in from above, the moisture contained in it being condensed on
an inner perforated jacket provided for it, or on the outer jacket, where it then
runs off.
The extraction by means of a solvent heavier than the substance to be treated, is
carried out in the apparatus shown in Fig. 2, in the following manner.
The extractor A, having two sinking floors 61, 62, is filled with the substance to bo
treated; the top floor 2, being removed for the purpose. This floor is now replaced,
and the apparatus hermetically closed with the exception of the valve o'. The solvent
is then run in through cocks ff, to the lower part of A, from tank B, and heated by
steam coil W. The solvent now rises in a heated condition and permeates the
substances lying between the two floors b1, b2, carrying the extracted inatter with it
towards the top, where they mix, and pass out by valve o', into space 1, of chamber I),
which is fitted up as already described, the extract and solvent are here filtered, and
passes out by cock o², into the top of vessel C. Here the solvent is again evaporated,
and separated finally by means of coil h, in tank B, from the extract, when it is ready
for further use, until the extraction is completed. Any gases escaping during the
process, and which are not condensed, pass through coil ¹, and cock ³, into vessel E
under water; and any solvent which collects under, or above the water, is then periodically
conveyed through cock and et into the lower part of tank B. The gases which are
not condensed in E, pass through 3 way cock c³, pipe 13, into the gas holder F, Fig. 3,
and are cooled by the spray pipe K³. The height of water in tank is regulated by a
waste pipe. When the gas holder is full, it is only necessary to produce a vacuum in
the extractor A, open cocks c³, a³, d', and valve a', and the gas and liquid solvent
contained in gasholder F, are drawn automatically upwards, the gas going into
extractor A, the liquid solvent into the lower part of tank B. The chamber C, serves
for mixing, and cleansing the gases, and one or several can be employed as may be
required.

page_text: If air be forced into the water in the tank F, it will absorb oxygen, and hydro-
carbon gases, a mixture which in proper proportions may be used for illuminating, or
other purposes.
By means of the combinations shewn in Fig. 1, 2. 3. extraction, drying, and other
processes are carried on the atmosphere being excluded, and the solvent employed
recovered.
The apparatus shewn in Fig. 4, is used for treating substances like wool, or fabrics
of a similar type.
Inside the Extractor A is fitted a chamber A', which revolves upon a perforated
hollow spindle Z, passing through a gland, or glands fitted to the underside of A.
The chamber is perforated with a number of small holes, and within it are placed the
soft materials for treatment, the spindle Z, is fitted with a pulley, and revolves upon a
step, or pedestal, which also takes it weight, and that of chamber A'.
The Solvent is contained in space S, in tank B, and may consist of benzine, or
other suitable solvent, this space may have a small steam coil, or be fitted with other
means for heating the solvent. In space S, water is used for cooling, and we prefer to
use two cooling coils which are carried upwards and terminate in the air. These coils
condense any gases arising from the heating of the benzine, or other solvent and
conducting them into space S². The second coil receives any vapours that may come
from chambers C, or A, condenses thein and conducts them into the space S¹ of tank B,
in which any water that has been carried over with the benzine is again separated, and
run off, the benzine being finally collected in space S²
If now the Extractor A, is opened, and the chamber A', filled with woolen or
other similar fabrics, the cover y being replaced, and secured by the clampscrews
shewn Cocks o¹, o³, d', are then opened, towards h, and the solvent is heated by the
coil before referred to. As soon as the desired temperature is reached, cock f, is
opened and the benzine runs by the tube into the upper chamber in A, passing down
the perforated hollow spindle Ž, and diffuses through the substances to be treated the
inner chamber A¹ is caused to revolve by putting the strap upon pulley R., and by
this means the heated benzine is thrown outwards, and forced through the materials
passing into the lower part of the extractor, by means of holes provided in the wall
of A. The benzine extract and refusé matter run down by means of cock o¹, into
space 1, of filter D. The solid refuse remains in space 1, but the benzine, and extract
go through space 2, and 3 and fall in a finely divided state on the pipe system r,
which is heated by steam, here the benzine is evaporated, and is drawn by the suction
apparatus a, to the tank B, in which it is condensed, and received in space S³.
The extract consisting of fat, oil, and other soluable matters collects in the lower
part of chamber (, and is removed therefrom when the process is completed.
There is a continuous circulation of the solvent through the materials treated until
they are perfectly degreased, and purified. Cock f, is now closed, and any solvent
contained in the materials treated is swung outwards by the centrifugal force
engendered by the rapidly rotating vessel A', the materials treated are now taken out
and dried, or water can be admitted to them by cock f¹, and hollow spindle Z, and the
benzine be washed out.
The same operation described for Fig. 1, can also be carried on in this apparatus;
that is to say, the steam coil W, is fed with steam; cocks a, a, d. are opened towards n,
and the heat produced thereby together with any remains of benzine may by suction
apparatus a, be sucked through the substances to the centre of the extractor into
hollow spindle Z, and thence through cocks a, a, d, h, being collected in a liquid
state in space S2, of tank B. The suction apparatus is connected with the perforated
axle Z, and condenser B, through layer i, which is provided with canals as already
described. This apparatus may also be arranged for treating small quantities by
manual labour, for washing small articles of attire by means of cold benzine, dis-
pensing with steam, or cold benzine may for some time be forced through the materials
by a pump, situated between chamber C, and cock a, in which case the benzine takes
its course through cock a, a', axle Z, to the substances to be treated. The mixture of
benzine and fat coming from the substances so treated collects in chamber C, where

page_text: . the fat settles at the bottom, whilst pure benzine which is on top is pumped into axle Z,
until the process is complete. In this case the condenser B, spaces S, S1, S2, also coil
in chamber C, can be dispensed with: The dirt, and refuse would have to be removed
from time, to time and the grease cleansed separately.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we would wish it understood that
we do not confine ourselves to the exact arrangement, and detail shewn, and described,
as the various forms are susceptable of variation, without affecting the carrying out
of the same, what we believe to be novel, and therefore declare that we claim is.
CLAIMS.
1st. The Improved method of extracting, washing, and condensing, Fat, grease,
glue, oil, or other substances from bones, wool, or other organic,or inorganic substances
for drying the same, and fully recovering the solvent employed, by means of the
improved combinations shewn in Figs. 1 to 4, substantially as described, and set forth.
2. The Improved combination shewn in Fig. 1 consisting of tank B, Extractor A,
fitted with jacket K, perforated pipe Z, coil W, W, connected as shewn to receptacle D,
having chambers 1. 2. 3. fitted with metal or other filters, said receptacle being
connected to vessel C, having pipe system », and q all working together for the purpose
described, a solvent lighter than the matter extracted being employed and fully
recovered thereby.
3. The combination shewn under Fig. 2, and 3. The tank B, fitted with suction
apparatus a, and coils, connected by pipe system a, a' with extractor A, having
coils W, W¹, and perforated tube 2, said extrator being connected in the manner
shewn to the filter device D, placed near its top, and connected to vessel C, all working
together for the process of extraction described, by means of a solvent heavier than
the extract as set forth.
4. The combination with Fig. 2, of the tank and gas holder shewn in Fig. 3 for the
purposes of preventing loss of the solvent used, and storing any collected gases, also
for mixing air or other gases with such, for illuminating purposes substantially as
set forth.
5. The combination shewn in Fig. 4, consisting of Tank B, connected as shewn to
extractor A having inner perforated vessel A' revolving upon hollow perforated axle z.
operated by pulley R, the filter D connected to A, and vessel C, in the manner shewn, and
by means of the cocks a, a', to suction apparatus a, all for the purpose of degreasing,
carbonizing, disinfecting and washing woolen, and other fabrics in the way, and
manner, and substantially as set forth.
6. The concentration of substances extracted by means of throwing them by
centrifugal power or by a pumping arrangement, in a finely distributed state through
the action of the perforated hollow spindle z, on to the heated surfaces of one, or several
steam coils W; whereby vapours will be formed which may be sucked up in the same
manner as before described.
FRANCIS M. ROGER,
Applicants' Agent.