IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING AND PREPARING YARN, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Pilling, of Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING AND PREPARING YARN, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 29th January 1875, and dated the 2nd December 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Pilling at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1874.
I, JOHN PILLING, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING AND PREPARING YARN, AND IN THE
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,” to be as follows:—
In sizing yarn it is customary to pass it through a mixture of fari-
naceous or other size combined with tallow or other fatty matter, and
great difficulty has been found hitherto in combining the ingredients.
Now my Invention consists in melting the tallow or other fatty matter

page_text: in a separate vessel, through which a perforated steam pipe passes, and
causing the said melted tallow to flow direct into the boiling chamber,
the quantity admitted being regulated by a tap; the farinaceous or other
size flows into the said boiling chamber through a separate tap, and the
whole become thoroughly combined by the agitation produced in boiling.
The warps are passed through the boiling size in the ordinary manner,
thereby distributing the fatty matter evenly on the yarns.
My improvements in preparing warp yarns consist also in causing
them to pass over a block of stearine or other suitable matter for greasing
or waxing them and to lay the fibres, which block is placed on the 1
beaming machine or other machine in which the warp is wound on a
beam ready for the loom. The stearine or other suitable material is
placed in a box with a false bottom and regulating screws or other
suitable apparatus, by which the level of the block can be kept to the
proper height, so that when the yarn is drawn over it it bears on the 1
stearine or other material and applies a certain quantity thereof to the
yarn.
Warps prepared in this manner are found to economise the healds in
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Pilling in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 31st May 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PILLING, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner and 2
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and 3
successors, give and grant unto me, the said John Pilling, Her special
licence that I, the said John Pilling, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Pilling, my exe-

page_text: "
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SIZING AND PREPARING YARN, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,'
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Pilling, my
executors, or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Pilling, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
In sizing yarn it is customary to pass it through a mixture of fari-
naccous or other size combined with tallow or other fatty matter, and
great difficulty has been found hitherto in combining the ingredients.
Now my Invention consists in melting the tallow or other fatty matter
in a separate vessel, through which a perforated steam pipe passes, and
causing the said melted tallow to flow direct into the boiling chamber,
the quantity admitted being regulated by a tap; the farinaceous or other
size flows into the said boiling chamber through a separate tap, and the
whole becomes thoroughly combined by the agitation produced in boiling.
The warps are passed through the boiling size in the ordinary manner,
thereby distributing the fatty matter evenly on the yarns. This part of
my Invention is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying Sheet
) of Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation; and Fig. 2, an end elevation of an ordinary
apparatus for sizing yarn to which my improvements are applied.
a is the boiling cistern containing the farinaceous or other size; and
b, b, are the troughs or boiling chambers, which are made as usual.
Above each trough b, and secured to the cistern a, is a vessel c, into
which the perforated steam pipe d enters. At the bottom of the vessel c
is the tape, and near the bottom is the sieve f, the object of which is to

page_text: prevent the passage of any impurities with the melted tallow or other
fatty matter.
When the apparatus is in operation the farinaceous or other size flows
into the trough through the tap g, and the melted fatty matter through
the tap e.
The amount of size and fatty matter passing through both
these taps can be regulated according to the proportions required.
The yarn to be sized enters the trough at h, and after passing around
guide rollers, as usual, it is taken between squeezing rollers and deposited
into a box in the ordinary manner. By thus boiling the fatty matter,
and rendering it perfectly fluid in a separate vessel, and then mixing it
with the boiling size, the ingredients become thoroughly mixed, and the
warps made from yarns so prepared are very strong and particularly
adapted for weaving.
My improvements in preparing warp yarns consist also in causing
them to pass over a block of stearine or other suitable matter for greasing
or waxing it and to lay the fibres, which block is placed on the beaming
machine or other machine in which the warp is wound on a beam ready
for the loom. The stearine or other suitable material is placed in a box
or on a plate, and regulating screws or other suitable apparatus are
applied, by which the level of the block can be kept to the proper
height, so that when the yarn is drawn over it it bears on the stearine
or other material, and applies a certain quantity thereof to the
yarn.
Fig. 3 is an end view, and Fig. 4 a plan of part of an ordinary winding-
on frame to which this part of my Invention is applied. i, i, are the
friction rollers and ; the warp beam resting upon them as usual; % is
the wraith which is moved to and fro laterally by the plate on the
upright shaft 7, as now customary, but I find it more advantageous to
move the wraith to and fro faster than heretofore; and m is a bar across
the machine, over which the warp passes before it goes on to the warp 2
beam. All these parts are made in the usual manner. 1 represents the
which may
have been sized in the manner above described or in
any other convenient manner. The warp after passing between the dents
of the wraith k, which divides it into any suitable number of parts, is
taken over the block o made of stearine or other suitable matter for 3
greasing or waxing the yarn. This block is shewn detached in Figs. 5
and 6, and rests upon the plate p, the level of which can be varied to
warp,

page_text: when the ascent of
compensate for the wearing away of the block o in the following or other
convenient manner:-On the shaft is a worm gearing into the
pinion q¹ on the horizontal shaft q, on which are worms q² gearing into
the wheels p', the bosses of which form nuts for the screws p² fixed to
the plate p. When the machine is at work the worm 1, and parts
actuated by it, impart a very slow ascending motion to the block o to
compensate for the wearing away of the said block by the friction of the
warp passing over it. As it may sometimes be desirable to stop the
ascending motion of the block o I connect the pinion q' to the shaft q
by a pin fitting in a slot, and I make a groove in the boss of the pinion,
in which groove a key from the lever enters. By this means the
pinion q¹ can be moved out of gear with the worm
the block o is required to be stopped. The ascent of the block o can
also be regulated by varying the diameter of the pinion q'. I also placo
a hand wheel q³ on the end of the [shaft 7 to enable the attendant to
vary the level of the block, by hand when required. The block o is held
on the plate p by the angle plate p³ and set screws passing through slots,
and when the block is nearly worn away the level of the plate p³ is
lowered to prevent the warp touching it. By this contrivance the block
can be worn down until it is nearly all consumed away. When the warp
beam is nearly full, and the warp passes about in a straight line from
the block o to the beam, I place a rod across the warp to hold it in
contact with the block to increase the friction on the block. A similar
rod may be placed behind the wraith & for the same purpose.
Warps prepared in this manner are found to economise the healds in
the loomis, to produce cloth of a better appearance than heretofore, and
to facilitate the weaving.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do
not intend to limit myself to the details given, as they must be varied or
modified according to the peculiar construction and arrangement of the
machinery or apparatus to which they may be applied, and I claim,―
First. Combining tallow or other fatty matter with farinaceous or
other size by melting the fatty matter in a separate vessel and mixing it
with the size in the boiling chamber, in the manner and for the purposes
described.
Secondly. Applying stearine or other substance for preparing sized

page_text: which warps are wound on a beam ready for the loom, in the manner
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Pilling, have hereto set my
hand and scal, this Twenty-eighth day of May, Onc thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five:
JOHN PILLING. (L.S.)