Improved Means applicable for use in Forging, Sharpening and Finishing Drills and other Tools.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improved Means applicable for use in Forging, Sharpening and
Finishing Drills and other Tools.
I, GEORGE GATION MELHUISH HARDINGHAM, of 191, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention (a communication from Andrew Russell Ferns, of Johannesburg,
in the South African Republic,) to be as follows:-
This invention relates to means for forging and shaping, sharpening and
finishing, star and chisel drills, edge tools of various kinds and other instruments of
a like character, by hammering; forging under a drop hammer and finishing under
a series of rotating hammers, each of the latter hammers, after striking the metal
blank under treatment rebounding, passing the said blank and subsequently, under
the influence of centrifugal force, automatically resuming the striking position as
the rotating hammer-carrier revolves.
A machine adapted for accomplishing the objects of my invention may be
constructed substantially in the following manner. The forging hammer is
arranged to work in vertical guides and may be reciprocated by means of connecting
rods which engage with a revolving crank-shaft. The dies in the face of the
hammer are suitably fashioned; portions being used for forging chisel drills, and
another portion being used for forging star drills. Below the hammer is the
anvil, the face of which is fashioned to correspond with the face of the hammer.
The hammer and anvil do not touch each other, a small space being left between
the two.
Above the crank-shaft bearings are arranged springs which act vertically upon
the bearings and serve to lessen the shock when the hammer strikes a piece of cold
metal, the risk of accident to the machine being hereby considerably diminished.
As the hammer is apt by constant use to wear, and when replaned may not come
down sufficiently low, a set-screw is inserted just below the crank-shaft against
the brasse, whereby the hammer can be lowered to suit the distance between the
hammer and the anvil.
At the sides of the machine are arranged two sets of hammers fixed on arms
which project from bosses pivotally mounted on spindles. These spindles are
themselves mounted upon a rotating drum or carrier. As the latter revolves, the
hammers are thrown out by centrifugal force until the drill is struck. The hammers
then rebound to an approximately tangential position, pass the anvil and are then
again thrown out to a radial position, ready for the next blow. There are prefer-
ably two sets of these hammers arranged to revolve in opposite directions, and
they can he worked independently of each other.
When forging a chisel drill, the steel is placed between the hammer and the
anvil at the proper point according to the required size. When forging a star
Trill, the steel is first put between the hammer and the anvil at the proper point,
and the process of grooving is effected. The steel is first grooved on two sides.
and is then turned on its side and again worked so as to produce the four grooves
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page_text: forming the star. If the steel be brought already shaped as a star, the grooves can
be altered to the required size by forging under a suitably shaped part of the
hammer. After the grooves have been forged and the steel placed on the anvil,
the sides or wings of the star drill are shaped and proportioned and hammered
out to the required thickness. It is then put into one of the matrices according
to the size of the drill, and sized to gauge; after whieb, it is put into a larger drill
matrix and partly hammered so as to incline it to a point and thus to facilitate the
operation of the revolving hammers which are afterwards used to perfect this point.
The upper and lower sides of this matrix come close together in the centre; the
angle at the centre being made to correspond with the angle of the face of the
revolving hammers, thus forcing the end of the wings to an edge or dull point.
The drill in course of production is then placed under another part of the
hammer, where the corners between the wings are hammered into shape, thus
making it easier for the revolving hammers to do their work of sharpening.
In sharpening tools other than mining drills, the hammers and anvil are
built to suit the special conditions prevailing, without in any way departing from
the principle of the invention.
The drill having now been forged and shaped, it is placed in front of the
revolving hammers and hammered to a sharp edge or cutting point: the hammers
being so arranged as to admit of their being thrown into or out of action at the will
of the operator. The principal peculiarities in the arrangement of these hammers
are: Their working on a loose joint or hinge; their recoil on striking, which
enables them to pass the drill; and, their subsequent automatic resumption of
position under the influence of centrifugal force. The anvil lies at an angle, so
that the drill, whilst being sharpened, lies more or less at an inclination; thus
lessening the jar on the workman's hand, and more quickly bringing the point
to a cutting edge. The anvil is notched in the centre in the usual manner to
receive the upright wing of the star drill.
The hammers can be used to sharpen drills which have not been forged in this
machine. It will moreover be understood that, although I prefer to combine the
herein before described means for forging and sharpening in a single machine, the
two main parts are independent and are capable of being both used and constructed
independently.
00
1
1 1000
Improved Means applicable for use in Forging, Sharpening and
Finishing Drills and other Tools.
I, GEORGE GATTON MELIUISH HARDINGHAM, of 191, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention (a communication from Andrew Russell Ferns, of Johannesburg,
in the South African Republic, Engineer,) and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to nicans for forging and shaping, sharpening and
finishing, star and chisel drills, edge tools of various kinds and other instruments of
a like character by hammering: forging under a drop hammer and finishing under
a series of rotating hammers, each of the latter hammers after striking the metal
blank under treatment rebounding, passing the said blank and subsequently

page_text: under the influence of centrifugal force automatically resuming the striking
position as the rotating hammer-carrier revolves.
A machine adapted for accomplishing the objects of my invention is illustrated
in the accompanying drawings, whereof Fig. 1 is an elevation, certain parts being
in section or broken away to show the method of mounting. Fig. 2 is a plan
corresponding with Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side elevation, the right-hand pulley, in
Fig. 1, pertaining to the shaft which actuates the hammer, the pulleys and
revolving hammers being removed. Fig. 4 is a vertical section on the line -
in Fig. 1, some of the parts being removed. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on the
line yy in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is an end view of a die for a star drill end.
and 8 are respectively an elevation, with parts in section, and an end view and
partial transverse section showing an alternative mode of mounting the revolving
hammers so that they may be automatically thrown into and out of action.
Fig. 9 is a transverse section and Fig. 10 a plan of the under side of the clutch or
cam employed in Figs. 7 and 8 for automatically operating the hammers.
Figs. 7
The forging hammer A is arranged to work in vertical guides B B and may be
reciprocated by means of connecting rods CC which engage with a revolving crank-
shaft D. The dies in the face of the hammer are suitably fashioned, portions, as
at e e, being used for forging chisel drills and another portion e being used for
forging star drills. Below the hammer is the anvil E, the face of which is fashioned to
correspond with the face of the hammer. The hammer and anvil do not touch each
other, a small space (see Fig. 1) being left between the two. Above the crank-
shaft bearings d d are arranged springs d' d' which act vertically upon the bearings
and serve to lessen the shock when the hammer strikes a piece of cold metal, the
risk of accident to the machine being hereby considerably diminished.
As the hammer is apt, by constant use, to wear and, when replaned, may not
come down sufficiently low, a set-screw is inserted just below the crank-shaft D
against the brasses, whereby the hammer can be lowered to suit the distance
between the hammer and the anvil.
At the sides of the machine are arranged two sets of hammers FF fixed on
arms ff which project from bosses f¹ fi pivotally mounted on spindles ff. These
spindles are themselves mounted upon a rotating drum or carrier G. As the latter
revolves the hammers F F are thrown out by centrifugal force until the drill is
struck. The hammers then rebound to an approximately tangential position, pass
the anvil and are then again thrown out to a radial position ready for the next
blow. There are preferably two sets of these hammers, arranged to revolve in
opposite directions, and they can be worked independently of each other.
Referring to the alternative mode of construction illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8,
the hammers are shown mounted upon pivots of carried in discs or plates GG
mounted on the shaft G¹, each hammer being operated automatically by means of a
stationary clutch or cam H and vibrating arm or lever h. The outer end of the
arm is maintained in contact with the boss f¹ of the hammer by means of a
spring h¹. On imparting rotary motion to the shaft G and with it the discs or
plates G G the inner ends of the arms h are operated by the cam surface H with
the result that the outer ends of the arms h are successively drawn out of contact
with the bosses of the hammers, the latter being hereby permitted to assume a
radial attitude as illustrated by the uppermost and left-hand hammers in Fig. 7.
The boss of the hammer is formed with a toe f* for engaging with a stop g on
the disc or plate G. This toe f¹ also serves as a stop while the hammer is
inoperative; the inner end of the arm h by coming against the said toe maintaining
the hammer in a tangential position. The principal peculiarities in this arrange-
ment of the hammers are their working on a loose joint or hinge f, theis recoil on
striking whereby they are enabled to pass the drill, and their subsequent automatic
resumption of position under the influence of centrifugal force.
When forging a chisel drill, the steel is placed between the hammer A and the
anvil E at the proper point according to the required size. When forging a star
drill, the steel is first put between the hammer and the anvil at the proper point

page_text: say at e, and the process of grooving is effected. The steel is first grooved on two
sides, and is then turned on its side and again worked so as to produce the four
grooves forming the star. If the stcel be brought already shaped as a star, the
grooves can be altered to the required size by forging under a suitably shaped part
of the hammer, as shown at ee. After the grooves have been forged and the
steel is placed on the anvil, the sides or wings of the star drill are shaped and
proportioned and hammered out to the required thickness. It is then put into one
of the matrices e according to the size of the drill, and sized to gauge after which
it is put into a larger drill matrix and partly hammered so as to incline it to
a point and thus to facilitate the operation of the revolving hammers which are
afterwards used to perfect this point. The upper and lower sides of this matrix &
come close together in the centre; the angle at the centre being made to correspond
with the angle of the face of the revolving hammers, thus forcing the end of the
wings to an edge or dull point.
The drill in course of production is then placed under another part of the
hammer or at the point e3 where the corners between the wings are hammered into
shape, thus making it easier for the revolving hammers to do their work of
sharpening. In the drawings the several dies are shown integral with the
hammer A and anvil E. The dies may however be made interchangeable as shown
in the detail view Fig. 6, the hammer and the anvil being adapted to receive
them. In using interchangeable dies, the die e³, for example, is removed and the
die, Fig. 6 inserted in its place.
In sharpening tools other than mining drills the hammers and anvil are built
to suit the special conditions prevailing without in any way departing from the
principle of the invention.
The drill having now been forged and shaped, it is placed upon an anvil such as
shown at I in front of the revolving hammers F and hammered to a sharp edge or
cutting point; the hammers as hereinbefore described being so arranged as to
admit of their being automatically thrown into or out of action.
The anvil I lies at an angle so that the drill whilst being sharpened lies more or
less at an inclination, thus lessening the jar on the workman's hand, and more
quickly bringing the point to a cutting edge. The anvil is notched in the centre in
the usual manner to receive the upright wing of the star drill.
The hammers can be used to sharpen drills which have not been forged in this
machine. It will moreover he understood that, although I prefer to combine the
hereinbefore described means for forging and sharpening in a single machine, the
two main parts are independent and are capable of being both used and constructed
independently. The machine may also be employed for tapering the ends of rock
drills ready for the "chuck" by inserting a suitable gauge.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
invention and in what manner the some is to be performed, I claim:--
my said
1. The herein described method of forging and shaping, sharpening and finishing
star and chisel drills, edge tools of various kinds and other instruments of a like
character by hammering: consisting in producing the same by forging under
a drop hammer and finishing under a series of rotating hammers, whereof each
latter hammer, after striking the metal blank, rebounds, passes the said blank and,
subsequently. under the influence of centrifugal force, automatically resumes the
striking position as the rotating hammer-carrier revolves, substantially as set
forth.
2. For forging, shaping and sizing star and chisel drills and other edge tools 5
by means of hammering, the combination with a reciprocating hammer A of an
anvil E, constructed and operating substantially as described.
3. In a machine for forging, shaping and sizing star and chisel drills and other
edge tools by means of hammering, the combination with the crank-shaft
bearings d d of springs dd', substantially as and for the purpose described.
5
7
4

page_text: 4. In a machine for forging, shaping and sizing star and chisel drills and other
edge tools by means of hammering, the combination with the crank-shaft
bearings dd of set screws dd, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
5. For sharpening star and chisel drills and other edge tools by means of
hammering, a series of revolving hammers carried by arms pivoted in a revolving
disc, the latter carrying arms whereof the outer ends work against the bosses of the
hammers while the inner ends work against a stationary cam surface, substantially
as and for the purposes specified.
6. Apparatus for forging, shaping and sizing, and for sharpening star and chisel
drills and other edge tools by means of hammering, constructed or operating
substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawings.