Improvements in and relating to Fans for Mines, Smiths' Forges, and for other purposes, and to Centrifugal Pumps.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Fans for Mines, Smiths' Forges, and
for other purposes, and to Centrifugal Pumps.
I, GUSTAVE HANARTE, of 21 Rue de Bertaimont, Mons, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to fans for mines, smiths' forges and for other purposes.
I have ascertained by calculation and observation that the work of a fan acting
either by suction or by compression consists chiefly in re-compressing the air.
This work, is in fact as important as the effective work altogether.
It is performed badly in the fans heretofore constructed, in which eddies and
friction are produced which diminish the dynamic effect.
The work of re-compression takes place when the air displaced by the blades of
the fan encounters a surface more or less at right angles; for obviating useless
friction it should be performed in the shortest way possible.
For attaining this object with the maximum of dynamic effect, I employ the
devices hereinafter set forth with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Figures 1 and 2 represent a longitudinal and a transverse section of my improved
fan with the inlet aperture uncovered, that is to say with the turbine T arranged
outside the pedestals or bearings.
Figures and 4 show a longitudinal and a transverse section of my improved
fan with the turbine T placed between the pedestals or bearings and mounted upon a
recompression reservoir RR provided with a pressure gauge M designed for
enabling the attendant to ascertain whether the re-compression is complete.
Figure 5 shows the improvements made in accordance with my said invention in
the Capell, Rateau or similar fans by providing a convergent zone a indicated
in dotted lines or by providing a flap V V or a register adapted to close more or
less the outer orifice of the chimney.
Figures 6 and 7 illustrate diagrams of a fan provided with striated or corrugated
blades.
By the blades of the fan the air is forced into a convergent pipe or adjutage xxx
so as to effect its rapid re-compression before it is expelled into the divergent
chimney zzzz.
The outlet orifice of the convergent adjutage xxx may be regulated by an
obturator J J so that the air will be compressed more or less according to the
greater or smaller depression of the same as it passes into the fan. This
obturator J J may be operated either by a small windlass K as shown in Figure 1,
or by a screw L provided with a handle and nut, as represented in Figures 3 and 4,
or in any other suitable manner.
X
The convergent and divergent pipes x x x x and zzzz and the regulator J J may
also be arranged horizontally, as indicated by dotted lines in Figure 1.
These pipes are preferably of circular transverse section and have a parabolic
profile in order to obtain a gradual increase or diminution of velocity. They may
however be made of any suitable section.
The air may also be driven into a re-compression reservoir R R upon which may
or may not be placed a convergent pipe xxx and an obturator or regulator J J
for the purpose of regulating the discharge of the air and the pressure in the
reservoir. In this arrangement the re-compression is effected by the reaction of
air upon air instead of by the reaction of air upon a surface.

page_text: As shown in Figures 3 and 4, a gauge M may be placed upon this reservoir R R for
the purpose of indicating the pressure, which must be very little greater than that
outside.
The aforesaid regulator J J may also consist of a simple flap or register.
I place upon the convergent re-compression pipe xxxx on the reservoir R Ra
divergent chimney zz or the said pipe may pass directly in the atmosphere.
Similarly as herein before set forth the air may also be re-compressed by means
of a convergent adjutage or pipe in existing fans as for instance indicated in dotted
lines in Figure 5 showing the well known Capell fan.
A flap VV performing the part of convergent re-compression zone may be
employed for regulating the outlet of the air in old fans.
I use the same means in fans for smiths' forges and centrifugal pumps. In fans
for mines and more especially in fans for smiths' forges and centrifugal pumps
also employ striated or corrugated blades having channels in the longitudinal
direction, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, for the purpose of obtaining a greater
power of depression resulting from greater friction."
By reason of the employment of the convergent adjutage xxxx having its
outlet controlled by the regulator JJ according to the re-compression to be
produced, all the currents of air will have the same velocity and the same
compression on arriving in the divergent chimney zz and the effect stated by
Venturi will be obtained, the transformation of the force into useful work
augmenting the delivery of the fan, especially if the adjutage and the chimney are
of circular section and have a parabolic profile.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
First. In fans for mines and for other purposes the construction and arrangement
of a convergent pipe or adjutage xxxx designed for receiving the air injected by
the blades of the fan, in order to effect the rapid compression of this air before its
expulsion into the divergent chimney zzz, substantially as herein described and
shown in the drawing.
Second. In fans for mines and for other purposes the construction and
arrangement of the outlet orifice of the convergent pipe or adjutage x x x x
regulated by an obturator so that the air is re-compressed more or less according
to the greater or smaller depression of the air arriving in the fan, the said obturator
being operated by a small windlass, or by a screw with a handle and a nut, or by
any other suitable means, substantially as herein described and shown in the
drawing.
Third. In fans for mines and for other purposes the construction and arrangement
of the convergent and divergent conduits xxxx and zzzz and a regulator
arranged horizontally, the said conduits being by preference made of circular
section and a parabolic profile, substantially as and for the purposes herein described
and shown in the drawing.
Fourth. The employment and arrangement of a fan the air of which is passed
into a re-compression reservoir with or without a convergent pipe xxxx and an
obturator or regulator, substantially as, and for the purposes herein described and
shown in the drawing.
Fifth. The employment and arrangement of a convergent adjutage or pipe for
the re-compression of the air in existing fans, substantially as and for the purposes
herein described and shown in the drawing.
Sixth. The employment and arrangement in fans of a flap or register performing
the part of a convergent re-compression zone for regulating the outlet of the air,
substantially as herein described and shown in the drawing.
Seventh. The employment and arrangement of the means hereinbefore specified
in smiths' fans centrifugal pumps, and the like, with or without striated or undulated

page_text: blades having channels in the longitudinal direction, substantially as and for the
purposes herein described and shown by way of example in the drawing.
Dated this 17th day of April 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.