Improvements in the i Manufacture of Rigging, Rope and analogous .. Cleats, and in Tools to be used in connection therewith.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Mar., 1899.
Complete Specification Left, 14th Nov., 1899-Accepted, 6th Jan., 1900'
Improvements in the i
Manufacture of Rigging, Rope and analogous
..
"
Cleats, and in Tools to be used in connection therewith.
I, THOMAS SMITH, Managing Director of Smith's Stamping Company Limited,
of Wharf Street, Aston, near the City of Birmingham, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of, or method of making, ordinary
cleats principally used on board ship for the purpose of fastening the ends of
haliards running rigging, and other ropes to. a .mast or other fixed objects to
which the cleat is attached...Such ordinary cleats consist generally of a T-piece,
or a double or single arm surmounting a shank, carried by a base or foot plate
which provides the means of attachment..
Such cleats are usually made by casting, but according to my improvements,
it is proposed to make the same, from wrought metal and by stamping in the
ways and by, the special tools as hereinafter described.
J.
In carrying out one of my improved methods of manufacture, I take a rough
blank of steel or iron and place it between two profile' half dies with sinkings
representing or comprehending a hollow or matrix of the shape of the article to
be produced. The said blank, which is in. a heated and soft state, is operated
upon by a number of blows and the metal is made to flow and be forced into the
interstices of the dies, after which the fin or web of superfluous metal left by the
coming together of the dies is afterwards removed by a clipping process.
In another process, the dies are formed to produce a cleat having a foot-plate
of greater thickness than is really required, but containing sufficient metal to
admit of it being subsequently fashioned to the desired shape and size. The
partly-fashioned article is then placed upside down between a pair of split dies
which embrace or enclose the head or branches and shank of the cleat, but the
part to be fashioned into the base plate lies within a sinking in the said dies
corresponding to the depth or thickness and size which the finished plate is to
have. suitable plunger, hammer or plate is then caused to descend upon the
thick base or foot and forces outwards or flattens down the same and causes it
to spread and fill up the sinking, thus forming a base of the required dimensions.
Any webs or fins that may be formed, are subsequently formed by ordinary
clipping tools.
I may observe that the split dies are held within an open ended sinking of
bed, said sinking having over-hanging inclined sides conforming to a like.
nclined outer side of one of the dies whilst the outer side of the other die. is' or
may be straight. The dies are secured in this sinking by a wedge or key having
an inclined side and adapted to be driven in longwise.
According to another process, a foot plate or base of the required size and
hickness is produced, having upon the middle of it, an integrally formed up-
ight post, of a diameter about equal to that of the shank of the cleat and of a
uitable height. The upper part of this post is divided vertically which are

page_text: opened out and turned down in opposite directions at right angles to the shank
and thereby roughly form the arms or branches to the cleat which afterwards is
finished by operating upon it between dies whose combined sinkings are of the
figure which the arms and shank are to acquire. During this operation, the
base plate may be disposed in sinkings or clearances in the dies and be there
secured by driving a supplementary clamping or wedge plate between the back
of the base and the opposite wall of one of the sinkings.
The processes hereinbefore described are equally applicable to the manufacture
or production of cleats having only a single arm depending or proceeding at a
right or other angle from the shank.
1000
+
Improvements in the Manufacture of Rigging, Rope and analogous
Cleats, and in Tools to be used in connection therewith.
I, THOMAS SMITH, Managing Director of Smith's Stamping Company Limited,
of Wharf Street, Aston, near the City of Birmingham, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
-
This invention relates to the manufacture of, or method of making, ordinary
cleats principally used on board ship for the purpose of fastening the ends of
haliards running rigging and other ropes to a mast or other fixed objects to
which the cleat is attached. Such ordinary cleats consist generally of a T-piece,
or a double or single arm surmounting a shank, carried by a base or foot plate
which provides the means of attachment.
Such cleats are usually made by casting, but according to my improvements,
it is proposed to make the same from wrought metal and by stamping in the
ways and by the special tools as hereinafter described.
I will first describe my invention as applied to the manufacture or production
of double-armed rigging cleat, such as is represented in elevation in Figure 1.
in plan in Figure 2 and in end view in Figure 3, a being the double armed
head, b the shank and c the base or attachment plate.
To produce such a cleat by a stamping process, and by the aid of dies and
pressure, I take a rectangular block of wrought metal, preferably iron or steel
such as represented in end view and plan in Figure 4 and I forge or otherwise
roughly fashion the same into the shape represented in elevation and plan in
Figure 5. The roughly fashioned block is marked d, is then subjected to the
action of dies whose matrices are so formed as to produce a cleat having a foot
plate of greater thickness than is really required, but containing sufficient metal
to admit of it being subsequently fashioned to the desired shape and size. The
partly-fashioned article is then placed upside down between a pair of split dies
which embrace or enclose the head or branches and shank of the cleat formed by
the first pair of tools, but the part to be fashioned into the base plate lies within
a sinking in the said dies corresponding to the depth or thickness and size which
the finished plate is to have. A suitable plunger, hammer or top die is then

page_text: caused to descend upon the thick base or foot and forces outwards or flattens
down the same and causes it to spread and fill up the sinking, thus forming a
base of the required dimensions.
Any webs or fins that may be formed are subsequently removed by ordinary
clipping tools.
Figure 6 represents a section of the dies e and f, by which the first stage of
the process, viz., the shaping of the head and shank with a thick base of foot
plate, is performed, the same being shown separated and with the roughly shaped
block d (which is heated and softened prior to being operated upon) between
them Figure 7 is a plan of the bottom die with the block d, resting on its matrix
whilst Figure 8 shows another sectional view of the said tools, but with the same
closed together and with the fashioned metal filling up their matrices e, f¹,
which are of such a shape and depth as to transform the wrought iron or steel
block d into the partly fashioned cleat represented in elevation in Figure 9 and
in plan in Figure 10, a being the head and the shank, both of which are of
approximately the finished shape, whilst c¹, is the thickened part at the bottom
of the shank and from which the base or foot plate is made by the next stage
of the process.
Figure 11 represents the partly fashioned article clamped between a pair of
vertically split dies g, h, with the base c', which comes uppermost, lying within
a recess i, in their top face, corresponding to the finished shape which the base
plate is to have.
Figure 12 is a transverse vertical section of Figure 11 upon the dotted line a,
showing also the flat-faced plunger or top die j, by the descent of which, the
base e, is flattened and spread out to completely fill up the recess i and form an
attachment or base plate of the finished size and shape:
Figure 13 is a similar cross section to that represented in Figure 12, but show-
ing the base fully spread out and the top plunger coming right down onto the
opposed flat faces of the split clamping dies, which are held within an open
ended sinking, of a bed k, to which the one half of the said dies may be secured
by bolts such as 2, whilst the other half is removable and is clamped or secured
within the said sinking of the bed by a driven-in wedge such as m.
Figure 14 is a plan of the bottom or clamping dies, with the finished article
between them, showing the base c, filling up the recess i.
Figure 15 represents a longitudinal vertical-section of Figure 13 upon the
dotted line, showing how the matrices gl, h¹, in the vertical faces of the clamp-
ing dies conform to the shape of the shank and head of the article as fashioned
by the first stage of the process.
Figure 16 represents a transverse vertical section of Figure 15 upon the dotted
line x².
1+
After the spreading out of the base has been completed the clamping wedge_m
is knocked out lengthwise, which frees the one section of the die and enables
the finished article to be removed.
.
According to another process, a foot plate or base of the required size and thick-
ness is produced, having upon the middle of it, an integrally formed upright post,
of a diameter about equal to that of the shank of the cleat and of a suitable
height. The upper part of this post a¹, is divided vertically as represented in
Figure 17 and the opposite sides a³, a³, are opened out and turned down in op-
posite directions at right angles to the shank as represented in Figure 18, thereby
roughly forming the arms or branches to the cleat, which afterwards is finished
by operating upon it between dies whose combined sinkings are of the figure
which the arms and shank are to acquire.
The dies may consist of a top and bottom pair each having a matrix compre-
hending one half longitudinally of the finished article, and such as represented
in Figure 19, which shows a plan of one of the dies, with the article shown in
Figure 18 lving in the matrix thereof, whilst Figure 20 represents a section of
the pair of dies separated and Figure 21 shows the dies as coming together after

page_text: the shaping operations have been completed and with the finished cleat between
them.
1.
Or instead of the matrices corresponding throughout to the shape of the
finished article, they may only correspond in so far as relates to the head and
shank, whilst the base plate, which is already of the desired figure before being
placed in these, finishing dies, may, lie within a longitudinal cleft or channel
formed on the bottom die, and be there clamped and-held by a wedge plate driven
in either longitudinally or vertically, with a coincident channel or cleft being
formed in the top die. to provide a clearance for the projecting part of the base
plate and the wedge.. h
"
ATT
The processes herein before described are equally applicable to the manufacture
or production of cleats having only a single arm depending or proceeding; at 'a
right or other angle from the shank, such as represented in Figure 22. Cleats
of any other shape than those shown may also be produced by my invention to
simply varying the configuration of the matrices in the dies to conform to the
shape of the articles to be produced.:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
"it
E
/
First: The manufacture of cleats from wrought metal by subjecting a solid
blank or block to the action of a pair of dies adapted to fashion the head and
shank of the cleat and form a thick base, which is subsequently flattened and
spread into the desired shape and thickness by a second set of tools, consisting
of a plunger or top die and a pair of split bottom dies adapted to clamp the
fashioned head and shank and having a recess or sinking in the top within which
the metal of the base is spread by the plunger, substantially as herein described
and also as set forth in Figures 1 to 16:
Secondly: The improved process of manufacturing or producing wrought
iron cleats from a solid block of metal, substantially as herein described, and
as set forth in Figures 1 to 16.
Thirdly The improved process of manufacturing or producing wrought
iron cleats from a blank such as Figure 17 which is cleft and fashioned or oper-
ated upon by finishing dies, substantially as herein described and as set forth
in Figures 17 to 21.
.:
r
Dated this 13th day of Novalin 1800.
Doted this 12th day of Novambion 1200
THOMAS SMITH,
By Henry Skerrett,
24, Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.