matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Griffiths at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1861.
I, SAMUEL GRIFFITHS, Ironmaster and Manufacturer of Iron, of Wolver-
hampton, in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of my said.
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in the use of certain chemicals for desulphurising
iron. The cause of disparity in regard to English over Swedish iron is mainly
owing to the presence of sulphur absorbed by the metal from the coal during
the process of smelting, the quality of the iron being deteriorated in preciso
ratio with the amount of sulphur in combination with it; hence the desirability
and great object of all ironmasters in this country, namely, to procure coal as
free from sulphur as possible for their use; but as all bituminous coal contains
sulphur, hence it is found that all English crude iron fused from the mine, and
subsequently manufactured into malleable iron, must be deteriorated by the
presence of sulphur, and hence the great desideratum and importance of my
Invention, which consists in the manufacture of iron entirely free from sulphur.
This result I obtain, first, during the process of reducing the iron from the
mine in the blast furnace, and, secondly, in the conversion of crude iron into
malleable iron in the process of puddling. I effect this important object, in
the first instance, by putting a chemical compound into the blast furnace with
every charge of mine, which acts upon the mine, and particularly the metal

page_text: when in a fused state, as an emetic, causing the metal to vomit or throw off
all the sulphur otherwise incorporated with it to the top of the metal or fused
mass in the furnace, to be collected and removed, as most convenient, in the
shape of solid sulphur; and, secondly, during the conversion of crude iron into
wrought iron in the puddling furnace, and this important result I effect by
mixing about one pound weight of another chemical compound with each
charge in the puddling furnace while the iron is in a boiling state, which com-
pound permeates in an instant the most minute infinitesimal parts of the iron,
and from its affinity it immediately combines with the sulphur, and instantly
passes off through the superincumbent cinder, in the shape of sulphuric acid
gas, to the chimney or draught way of the puddling furnace, and by these
means a highly superior quality of iron is produced; but it must be observed,
however, that if the dose or proportion of the chemical compound is not
properly adjusted, both in the blast and puddling furnaces, more particularly
in the latter, to the amount or quality of iron to be operated on, the result will
be uncertain and unsatisfactory; hence my Invention not only consists in the
nature of the compounds but also in the quantity, according to the proportion
of iron it is desired to desulphurise. The materials I use are certain chemical
salts, which will be hereafter fully explained in my Complete Specification.
A NEW OR IMPROVED REAPING AND MOWING MACHINE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Humpage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th August
1861.
I, JOSEPH HUMPAGE, of Balsall Heath, King's Norton, in the County of
Worcester, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED REAPING AND MOWING MACHINE," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of a reaping and mowing machine, constructed
essentially in the following manner :-The platform or base of the machine is
supported upon two wheels, upon which said wheels the machine is moved
when in work, and from the axis of one of the said wheels the motions of the
several moving parts of the machine are taken. On the axis of one of the
said wheels are two cams, one of the said cams being in the form of a wheel,
on the periphery of which a zig-zag depression is made. The toothed knife
or sickle which cuts the wheat or grass to be reaped or mowed is situated
horizontally at a short distance above the ground, and has a reciprocating
horizontal motion given to it by a stud on the end of a horizontal lever
engaging in the zig-zag depression in the cam, the knife or sickle being
jointed to the said lever. When used as a mowing machine the cut grass
falls over a bar connecting the two wheels; the platform, which is moveable,
being taken away. When used as a reaping machine the cut wheat is
received upon the platform, and two vertical gathering forks approach one on
either side, and closing upon the cut wheat take hold of it, and by retiring

page_text: carry the said wheat from off the platform; the said forks open and deposit
the wheat in a sheaf ready for binding. The motions of the said forks are thus
effected-The travelling motion of the forks is effected by a crank on the
same axis as the two cams. This crank is connected by a link with a lever
on a vertical axis. The last-named axis supports a horizontal arm on which
the two forks are supported; as the said crank turns it gives an alternating
motion through a quadrant to the arm carrying the said forks, which motion
constitutes the principal or travelling motion of the said forks. The opening
and closing motion of the said forks is effected by one of the two cams
already referred to. The said cam consists of a disc or wheel, the periphery
of which is concentric with the axis, but about two-thirds of the periphery are
cut away. The forks which hang from the before-mentioned-arm are carried
by levers jointed together. The end of one of the said levers is connected by
a rod to a bell-crank lever, which is acted upon by the last-described cam,
the said cam effecting the opening of the forks, their closing or return
motion being effected by a spring. The sickle and forks are thrown into and
out of gear with the travelling wheel by means of a crab. The horse or
moving power is applied behind, and the machine pushed in advance of the
horse or moving power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING, SWEETENING, PURIFYING, AND OTHERWISE IMPROVING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June
1861.
I, ALFRED SMITH, of Hull, in the County of York, Corn Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRYING, SWEETENING, PURIFYING, AND OTHERWISE IMPROVING WHEAT AND OTHER
GRAIN, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in cleaning, purifying, sweetening, & otherwise
improving the condition of wheat & other grain, by the application of steam.
For this purpose I pass the grain to be operated upon through a long close
chamber or channel in which a screw works & propels the grain from one end
to the other, and at the same time stirs and agitates the grain. I admit steami
to this chamber, it may be at an ordinary pressure of, say, twenty or thirty
pounds to the square inch, or even higher, & either dried & superheated or
otherwise. The grain being worked in the chamber aforesaid, while at the
same time subject to the action of steam, produces a greatly improving effect.
It is desiccated, brightened in appearance, purified, and rendered sweeter than
before. I fit suitable stop-cocks to admit the steam to the chamber & prevent
the escape of the condensed water. The chamber is also furnished with suit-
able double sluices for allowing of the entrance & exit of the grain before &
after being operated on. Other apparatus may be adopted for treating the grain
with steam to produce like effects.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRILLING, BORING, AND CUTTING METALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stanhope Perkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1861.
I, STANHOPE PERKINS, of Gorton Works, near the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRILLING,
BORING, AND CUTTING METALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention applies principally to the forming of holes through metal of
moderate thickness, and is intended more particularly as a substitute for the
centre drill and boring bar, its object being to save time, labour, power, and
material in the forming of holes in metal by making an annular cut, so that
the centre part of the metal in which the hole is to be formed can be re-
moved solid, or with only a small hole in it, instead of being cut entirely away
as in the ordinary method of drilling or boring. The means by which I make
an annular cut in metal in which my Invention consists are as follows,
namely, a shaft or axis, one end of which is formed into a cone centre, this
shaft forms the axis of a hollow shaft or boss, to which cutters of suitable
shape for cutting the annular space in the metal of the size of the hole
required are secured. The conical end of the central shaft or axis is placed and
pressed against a centre or hole formed in the centre of the metal around which
the annular cut is to be made; the hollow shaft carrying the cutter is then
rotated by any suitable means, and at the same time is made to slide endways
along the central shaft or axis so as to "feed" the cutters as the metal is

page_text: removed by them from the annular space. I prefer to make the central shaft
or axis to rotate with the hollow shaft carrying the cutters, but it may be
made stationary. This tool may be used in the common drilling or boring
machine, and in the lathe, and otherwise, and may also be used when the
metal to be cut is rotated, and the tool is without rotating motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DAMPERS FOR STAMPING PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 27th
August 1861.-A communication from abroad by Joseph Isidore Morel,
Postmaster, and Jules Lirondelle, Lamp Manufacturer, both of Peronne,
in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DAMPERS FOR STAMPING PURPOSES," a communication from
abroad by Joseph Isidore Morel, Postmaster, and Jules Lirondelle, Lamp
Manufacturer, both of Peronne, in the Empire of France," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in dampers for stamping purposes,
and consists in the employment of pieces of sponge covered with cloth or
felt placed in a suitable chamber, and operated in manner herein-after
described.
According to one modification a reservoir supplied with ink or other suitable
liquid is employed. In the upper part of this reservoir is fitted a perforated
metal plate. This plate forms the bottom of a chamber for containing sponge
or other suitable absorbent material, which sponge is covered with felt, cloth,
or other suitable material, secured to the chamber by a metal ring or collar.
The felt or cloth forms the surface of the damper, which, when not in use, is
covered by a cap provided for that purpose, thus protecting it from dust or
injury. The ink is supplied through an opening in the side of the reservoirs,
and is provided with a screwed cap or cover. The ink flows from the reservoir

page_text: through the perforations in the bottom of the chamber containing the sponge,
and keeps the sponge always damp and ready for use.
pump,
According to another modification it is proposed to employ a small
the piston or plunger of which is worked by a knob or handle. To the barrel
of this pump is fitted a small tube, which enters the chamber containing the
sponge, and by working the plunger up and down, the ink is forced through
the tube, and by this means the sponge is saturated and made ready
for usc.
According to a third modification it is proposed to construct the damper of a
cylindrical form, having in the upper part a chamber to contain the sponge,
provided with a screw thread for the purpose of screwing it into the lower
part containing the ink. The bottom of this chamber is perforated, and the
ink is forced through these perforations into this chamber by the action of a
plunger fitting into the lower chamber and operated by a helical spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF FASTENING IRON ARMOUR PLATES TO SHIPS SIDES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Burn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th August
1861.
I, CHARLES BURN, of Delahay Street, Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF FASTENING IRON ARMOUR PLATES TO SHIPS
SIDES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in securing or fastening iron armour plates at
the horizontal joints in the following manner:-A bolt hole tapering inwards,
that is, smaller at the inside of the plate than at the outside, is made to extend
equally from the joint into each plate; an iron plug tapered in like manner is
made to fit this bolt hole, and a bolt made of wire or wire rope, endless or
otherwise, passes round the same, thence through the side of the ship, and is
secured inside by a key or wedge, by which it may also be tightened. In
order that the plug may fit the bolt hole, and bear evenly on the plates, a
groove is made therein for the reception of the wire bolt or rope. The wire
bolt may also be tightened in the following mauner:-Let the inside extremity
pass through a socket or thick tube, which screws in a nut bearing against the
ship's side, and a key or wedge bearing against the socket or thick tube to
hold the wire bolt or rope, by turning the nut the wire bolt may be tightened
as casily as an ordinary bolt. As an additional support to the plates, they
may be supported by horizontal lines of T-iron fastened to the side of the ship
at the joints, suitable provision being made in the plates to bed or rest on the
same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OMNIBUSSES FOR STREET RAILWAYS, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Adams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1861.
I, SAMUEL ADAMS, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OMNIBUSSES
FOR STREET RAILWAYS, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER CARRIAGES," to be
as follows:-
My improvements consist in a contrivance for locking and disengaging the
pole of omnibusses for street railways, which greatly increases the safety and
speed, by facilitating the running on and off the metals as occasion may
require. This is accomplished by a double or two-ended lever which is acted
upon by the driver's feet, so that when the vehicle is off the rails or metals
the pole is fixed and the lock in action, and when on the rails the pole is
loose and the lock fixed; the fixing of the pole to the lock is by a pin or bar
of iron or steel having a fork at the lower end, the other end is a bolt; the
fork end fits on and partly clips the pole when down, and thus fixes it to the
lock; the forked pin is moved up and down by being connected indirectly to
the foot lever; when the forked bolt is up the bolt end slides into a socket
fixed to the landing.
Next, I have a break apparatus which can be worked by either driver or
conductor, or both; it consists of levers, two to each hind wheel, one on each
side; the levers are acted upon by rods and chains; the long ends of each
pair of levers are connected together by chains which have the form of a
rhombus or diamond; two opposite corners are connected to two of the levers,

page_text: and the other corners are connected to the rods, and so on to the rotating
break handles; the blocks or rubbers are prevented when not in use pressing
the wheels by a coil spring.
The next part is an improved roof stick or "principal," consisting of four
pieces of wood; the two supporting pieces are dovetailed into the cant rail
and are nearly straight, crossing each other at an angle of about 17°; the
upper ends are mortised to two segments which form an O. G. on each side,
the centre being of the most convenient, strong, and elegant form for the roof
of an omnibus. The travelling wheels revolve on fixed axles and have oil
:boxes.
Also a sweeping or scraping apparatus is fixed to the axle to pass in front
of the travelling wheels to clear the metals.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TYRES FOR WHEELS, HOOPS, AND RINGS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd January 1861.-A communication from abroad by the Société des
Forges, of Montataire, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TYRES FOR WHEELS, HOOPS, AND
RINGS," (communicated to me from abroad by the Société des Forges, of
Montataire, France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming a faggot built up of bars of iron in layers,
the bars in every successive layer crossing those in the preceding layer; and
in treating faggots thus prepared, as hereafter explained, to form tyres, hoops,
and rings without a weld or joint round the circumference thereof.
The faggots are by preference so built as to be of an octagonal shape in
plan, for which purpose bars of different lengths must be used. The faggot is
brought to a welding heat, and welded into a solid mass under a steam
hammer by the aid of dies and tools, which then, and by preference at the
same heat, round the block, and punch a hole through the centre. The
punching tool drives the greater part of the metal into the thickness of the
block, and removes only a small portion. The block is thus made cir-
cular with a hole through the centre. It is again heated, and is placed on a
shaft having two different diameters, and is there subjected to the blows of a
steam hammer carrying on its face a die formed to give the shape necessary

page_text: for the outer surface of the tyre, hoop, or ring in course of manufacture. The
ring becomes expanded, and when sufficiently the shaft carrying it is driven
forward, and the ring is shifted on to its larger diameter. The blows of the
hammer are repeated until the ring or tyre has been sufficiently beaten out,
when it is removed from the shaft, and may be finished by rolls or otherwise 5
in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' COMPASSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Adolph Ehrenberg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1861.
I, CARL ADOLPH EHRENBERG, of Altona, in the Kingdom of Denmark,
Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' COMPASSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to neutralise the effect of local attraction upon
ships' compasses, particularly upon those fitted in iron ships. To this end I
employ a compound magnetic needle composed of two short needles connected
together by a strip of copper, the needles being on opposite sides of the needle
cap, and the north pole of one being opposite to the south pole of the other
needle. In addition to this compound needle, which will tend to neutralise
antagonistic magnetic forces, I form the bowl of the compass of copper and
cover it at bottom with zinc, relying on the moisture of the atmosphere to
create by the contact of these metals a feeble electric current which will in
a measure isolate the needle from the influence of bodies calculated to induce
local attraction. The further to attain the end in view, I enclose the compass
in a wooden box composed of two thicknesses of wood, between which a layer
or coating of gutta percha or other good non-conductor is placed, and by these
means I produce a compass which will be comparatively unaffected by local
attraction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Trigwell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th July
1861.
I, JAMES TRIGWELL, of Terminus Street, Brighton, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to relieve slide valves, whether
employed for the admission of steam or fluids under pressure, from the
pressure acting upon the back or top side thereof, which, in the ordinary slide
valves produces greatly increased frictional wear and tear on the working faces,
and more especially in locomotive engines, where a great increase of working
pressure has, from time to time, been made. I effect the removal or transfer
of the pressure from the back of the moving slide valve, or place it in a state
of equilibrium for working purposes in the following manner :-
Upon or to the back of the slide I cast or attach carriage pieces or guides
for the purpose of holding in position a cylinder closed at the top; I connect
or fix to the back of the slide, at the centre or elsewhere, or in more than one
place, a rod, stud, or connection, by which a piston or disc made to accurately
fit the cylinder is connected therewith.
The cylinder with its steam-tight piston being thus connected with the moving
slide valve travels back and forth with it, but the cylinder is supported, main-
tained in position, and guided by means of rods working in fixed bearings, side
guides, or their mechanical equivalents. A communication between the

page_text: interior of the cylinder and the external atmosphere is effected by means of a
small tube fitted to the cylinder and working through a stuffing box in the slide
chest; or instead thereof, if preferred, one of the guide rods may be hollow.
Instead of a metallic packed piston being employed for working within the
equilibrating or back-pressure cylinder, a flexible diaphragm may be attached
to a plate piston, and to the sides of a cylinder steam-tight, so as to receive the
pressure of the steam admitted into the valve chest. The equilibrating cylinder,
its piston and connections, and the means of securing and guiding are contained
within the valve casing and the steam, whilst it acts upon the back of the slide
valve, is also, through the arrangement described, caused to press upward or
raise the piston (or its equivalent) which may be of any suitable area.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROPELLERS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS IN WATER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Philp and John Philp at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
22nd January 1861.
We, RICHARD PHILP and JOHN PHILP, of 9, Lower John St., Golden Square,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROPELLERS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS,
BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS IN WATER," to be as follows:-
Our improvement in propellers for propelling ships, boats, and other vessels
in water relates to the position and form of the screw blades on the boss, and
is as follows:-We place the opposite screw blades on the boss so that the
delivery edges shall lie in a plane parallel to the stern of the ship, while the
leading edges shall not lie in a plane parallel to the stern of the ship, but
incline forward towards the vessel from the front of the boss to the leading
corner, and form an angle, or nearly so, with each other at the point where
they would meet the shaft if continued to it. The blades being in this position
on the bass, we require that the delivery corners shall be farther from the
shaft than the leading ones, so that the angle made by the crown and delivery
lines should be about 45°, while the angle made by the crown and leading
ones should be about 90°. We do not confine ourselves to this precise mea-
surement of angles, but to the principle involved therein, or an approximation
to it, our object being to cause the screw to rotate in unbroken water, whereby
greater power is gained with less disturbance over previous screw propellers.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SILICATE OP LIME OR HYDRAULIC CEMENT
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Morton Eden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
April 1861.
I, FREDERICK MORTON EDEN, of No. 5, Hare Court, Temple, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SILICATE OP LIME OR HYDRAULIC CEMENT,"
to be as follows:-
This cement (which is chemically identical with Portland cement) is manu-
factured by first intimately mixing carbonate of lime or rich lime in suitable
proportions with silicate of alumina (fire-clay), the ingredients being in a dry
powered state. This mixture is then burnt upon hot plates or tiles, or in
ovens, kilns, or crucibles, or otherwise, until the alumina is set free and the
silica has combined with the lime. The product (silicate of lime) is then
ground to an impalpable powder, and is ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Scott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1861.
I, MICHAEL SCOTT, of Parliament Street, Westminster, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ordnance, and consists in
accurately fitting together a number of pieces of ordnance, formed and bored
separately, and securing them in such manner that their axes may be parallel
the one to the other, provision being made for firing them simultaneously.
The Invention also consists in combining hydraulic apparatus with the mass
formed, by securing together several pieces of ordnance in such manner that
by means of it the said mass may be rapidly traversed, run out and in, and
elevated or depressed as required. I prefer, when thus combining several
pieces of ordnance, to employ those of the largest size which can conveniently
be made, and to plane them externally, so that at the breech ends they may
fit accurately the one to the other, fitting pieces being employed between the
muzzles of the pieces to keep them at the required distance apart.
The hydraulic apparatus consists, by preference, of cylinders fitted with
plungers or pistons connected with the mass; the cylinders are arranged so
that when it is required to move the plungers or pistons water under pressure
may be admitted to them from an accumulator supplied by a pump or
pumps.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN GUN WADS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Scott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st October
1861.
I, JOHN WILLIAM SCOTT, of the City of Worcester, Button Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
GUN WADS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to obtain a gun wad which shall not be
easily compressible and absorb a portion of the effect of the powder, and
which shall at the same time tend to keep the barrel clean and the shot from
spreading.
My Invention consists in manufacturing gun wads from leather, by pre-
ference sole butt leather, compressed and fashioned into suitable forms for the
purpose. I form the under wad, or that which is to be placed on the powder,
dished or concave on one side, and intend the concave side to be placed
uppermost in the gun, while the upper wad need only be in the form of a
disc..
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS FOR WEAVING, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Roger Howorth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1861.
I, ROGER HOWORTH, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Reed Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS FOR WEAVING, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of a certain description of "healds,"
employed in weaving by machinery, and wherein the knots usually formed
at one end of the loop or eye through which the warp passes are dispensed
with. The improvement consists in giving a slight reciprocating motion to
the middle arm in a heald machine, upon which the loops or eyes are formed,.
the healds being knitted by the upper and lower knitting arms as usual, the
loop or eye being formed without knitting, and is thus effected. When the
middle arm is at its lowest point, and stationary, one of the lower heald threads
is passed over it, and the upper one passed between the loop so formed, the
arm then rises about the distance of the "eye" required, and the next top
and bottom threads are looped into each other, making their loop at a higher
point. It will be seen that if these two threads are placed behind each other,
and the warp passed through a loop or eye will be formed, and in continuing
the manufacture healds may be made by the double quantity of threads, or the
same effect may be obtained by using a double set of healds one behind the
other, and one being set slightly higher than the other.
A MORE CONVENIENT AND EFFECTUAL METHOD OF ATTACHING BROOCHES AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES, AND FOR IMPROVED FASTENINGS TO BE USED THEREWITH, AND POR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fulford Brown and
Walter Jeffery at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th March 1861.
We, WILLIAM FULFORD BROWN, of Westgate Street, Gloucester, and
WALTER JEFFERY, of Eastgate Street, Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A MORE CONVENIENT AND EFFECTUAL METHOD OF
ATTACHING BROOCHES AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES, AND FOR IMPROVED FASTENINGS
TO BE USED THEREWITH, AND POR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
First, as applied to brooches and such like articles, it consists in the
employment of a detached pin, with an improved fastening, to which the
brooch or other article is to be attached in the after-mentioned manner.
The brooch or such like article is to be provided with two loops, staples, or
studs in lieu of the attached "pin-and-joint" and catch as at present used.
The detached pin having been inserted in the required position, one loop,
staple, or stud is passed over the point of the pin; the other loop, staple, or
stud is to be secured to the head of the pin, which must be formed with
some such contrivance as the following:-
The head of the pin by this Invention is formed into a loop as a, Fig. 1,
over which is attached a sliding case b, Fig. 1, secured by a rivet at c;
Figs. 1, 2, 3, thus forming a fastening represented in Figs. 2 and 3, shut
at 2, and open at 3. The sliding case b, Fig. 1, is kept shut, as
a spring within it; or the head of the pin may consist of a
Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7. The pin may be fixed to either of these
in Fig. 2, by
tube as at a,
parts a or b,

page_text: Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, the other part being made to revolve. Through both of
these parts an opening is made for the admission of the loop, staple, or stud,
as at c, Figs. 4 & 6, and the loop, staple, or stud is then secured by the
circular motion of a or b, as in Figs. 5 & 7; Figs. 8 & 9 represent a slightly
modified form, in which the exterior is made with a projecting chamber c,
into which the loop, staple, or stud is secured by the revolution of a; Figs. 10
& 11 represent another form in which an interior projection d forms part
of the exterior tube a. The interior disc has a part cut away sufficient
to allow of the entrance of the loop, staple, or stud through the passage c,
Fig. 10. By a partial revolution of a, this passage is closed, and the loop,
staple, or stud falls into the enclosed part c, Fig. 11, where it prevents the
return of d and the re-opening of c.
We do not confine ourselves solely to these particular constructions of our
Invention, as the same may be made with various modifications, and we
purpose to apply its use to the fastenings of bracelets, necklets, and a variety
of other small articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1861. A communication from abroad by Mr. Jules Pacôme Alfred
Havard, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Mechanician.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a portable filter, which is formed, 1st, of a casing
of sheet iron or other material, which serves to enclose all the parts of a
filter when taken to pieces, and also for a stand for it when in use; 2ndly, of
a large bottle of thin india-rubber used as a reservoir; this comprises two
compartments, the lower one containing the filtered water, which is separated
from the upper and larger compartment containing the unfiltered water by a
diaphragm of filtering matter. To the reservoir containing the filtered water
is screwed an escape tap. When this tap is screwed on in fitting up the filter
an interior valve opens to permit the passage of the water, which valve again
closes when the tap is removed, and the filter dismounted. The thin reservoir
of india-rubber forming the body of the filter is terminated by a neck closed,
when necessary, by a plug or valve. The exterior is encircled at top and
bottom by an iron hoop, whereby to fix the filter to its stand in such manner
hat the reservoir is distended, and rendered suitable for a filter.
To dismount

page_text: the apparatus the stand or standards are removed, and the sides of the bottle
collapsed, so as to occupy very little space. This improved filter is also pro-
vided with an air escape tube, and with a pump or suction tube, by exhausting
which the water to be filtered is forced through.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE FORM OF IRON, STEEL, BRASS, COPPER, AND OTHER METALLIC ALLOY FOR MAKING NAILS, SPIKES, BOLTS, SCREWS, AND OTHER SIMILAR DRIVING ARTICLES, BOTH PLAIN AND TWISTED
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Montague Wigzell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June
1861.
MONTAGUE WIGZELL, of Friar's Green, Exeter, in the County of Devon,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE FORM OF IRON, STEEL, BRASS, COPPER, AND OTHER METALLIC ALLOY FOR MAKING
NAILS, SPIKES, BOLTS, SCREWS, AND OTHER SIMILAR DRIVING ARTICLES, BOTH PLAIN
AND TWISTED," to be as follows:-
The improvement consists in drawing, rolling, cutting, forging, pressing,
stamping, and indenting iron, steel, brass, copper, and other metallic alloy, in
the form of bars, rods, sheets, strips, and wire, so as to give them a fluted,
grooved, or indented form (whilst hot or cold, of any shape, size, diameter, or
thickness that may be required), for the purpose of making nails, spikes, bolts,
screws, and other similar driving articles, and also for twisting them in long
or short lengths for the purpose of manufacturing the twisted and fluted (and
fluted without being twisted) nails, and other similar driving articles of a fluted,
grooved, or indented section.
The forms herein described and shown in the accompanying Drawings as
sections Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, which I propose using,
may be given to the bars, rods, sheets, strips, and wire by hand or machinery,

page_text: by being formed, or shaped, or twisted by apparatus having the requisite
mechanical motion given by suitable machinery. Figs. Nos. 54, 55, & 56, in
the accompanying Drawings show various forms I propose giving to bars, rods,
sheets, strips, and wire made of iron, steel, brass, copper, and other metallic
alloy, for the purpose of making nails, spikes, bolts, screws, and other similar
driving articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALL TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Thomas Townsend at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
November 1861.
I, ISAAC THOMAS TOWNSEND, of Attleborough, in the County of Warwick,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HARNESS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALL TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in harness for weaving textile fabrics consist in forming
it of metal wire, in lieu of cotton, flax, or other fibrous substances as hereto-
fore; these wires are used to attach the mails to the bars, between which they
are stretched instead of the cords usually employed. Instead of the lower
bar independent weights may be attached to each, as is sometimes usual. I
make the mails more elongated than usual, & point them more at the ends
to avoid their presenting a shoulder by reason of the smallness of the wire,
whereby to prevent their offering an obstruction to their passage through the
warp. The wires may either be single or in two or more strands. The wires
& mails are made of different sizes according to the fabric to be woven, & the
former coated with different substances, if required.
AN IMPROVED UMBRELLA
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adrien Jean Daumont at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
August 1861.
I, ADRIEN JEAN DAUMONT, of Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED UMBRELLA," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to prevent an opened umbrella from being
upset or losing its shape by the action of the wind; for this purpose, towards
the outer end each rib of the frame of the umbrella is connected by means of
a string, tape, small chain, or other similar tie either to the runner or slide
of the stick, or to a special moveable ring or runner. It is desirable the
above-mentioned ties should offer sufficient elasticity for allowing the ribs to
yield sufficiently to the impetus of the wind, and they must be arranged in
such manner that when the umbrella is shut they may be hidden from sight
in the interior thereof.
AN IMPROVED STEEL BUSK OR STAY FASTENING
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harras Elvans at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th August
1861.
I, JOHN HARRAS ELVANS, of No. 7, Guildford Place, Lower Kennington
Lane, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED STEEL BUSK OR STAY FASTENING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing a steel busk or stay fastening opening
down the centre, and so arranged to readily fasten and unfasten by means
of three catches locking on to a spring slide. The busk is formed of two steels
each about five-eights of an inch in width, of the usual length and substance.
One of these steels or sides has a metal stud riveted on in the centre about
two and a half inches from the top; below this stud is a narrow steel slide
extending down to about half an inch below the end of the steel, on this slide
are two similar metal studs riveted at equal distances. This slide is also
provided with three small slots, and is fastened on to the steel by three studs
or rivets which pass through the three slots and enable the slide to shift up
and down on the steel with ease, at the same time keeping it in its place when
Attached to the upper end of this slide is a slip of vulcanised india-
rubber forming a spring; this india-rubber is riveted (at the end) to the steel
just below the metal stud, by which means the two studs on the slide shift
with the slide by the action of the spring. The other steel or side has a metal

page_text: clutch rivetted on so as to project out from the inner side about two and a
half inches from the top, and also two metal catches riveted on (in a similar
way as the clutch) one in the centre and one near the lower end. This steel
or side is provided with a rule joint between the two catches to admit of a
more ready fastening of the lower catch on the stud of the spring slide.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS SUITABLE FOR PAINTING, VAR- NISHING, AND COATING
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Joseph Hector Fajole and
Pascal Achille Agostini at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 27th December 1861.
We, JEAN JOSEPH HECTOR FAJOLE, of Courbevoie, in the French Empire,
Gentleman, and PASCAL ACHILLE AGOSTINI, of the same Place, Doctor of
Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS SUITABLE FOR PAINTING, VAR-
NISHING, AND COATING," to be as follows:-
We manufacture our improved composition of the following ingredients,
namely, essence of turpentine, caoutchouc, sulphate of zinc, and copal resin,
preferring to use the following proportions:-15 litres (about 26 pints)
essence of turpentine; 250 grammes (about 8 oz. 12 dr.) caoutchouc; 250
grammes (about 8 oz. 12 dr.) sulphate of zinc; 1000 grammes (about 2 lbs.
3 oz. 4 dr.) copal resin, or sulphuric ether, to which rectified alcohol is
added, may be substituted for the turpentine, preferring to take 2000 grammes
(or about 4 lbs. 6 oz. 8 dr.) thereof. We recommend that the ingredients
should be dissolved in a warm state.
For painting we generally filter the product, and saturate or combine with
powdered colouring matters. We sometimes mix with empyreumatic oil of
gas, or the fat or unctuous oils of coal tar, and other gas yielding matters,
instead of using essence of turpentine. We may mention that with our com-.
positions the salts of lead used in white paints may be almost wholly dispensed
with.

page_text: Our compositions are applicable to metal, wood, textile fabrics, and other
materials and substances; and for obtaining damp-proof and water-proof
surfaces, and surfaces capable of resisting the deleterious action of the air and
certain acids. Before painting or coating, holes may be stopped with the
composition when requisite.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES, WHEREBY BETTER TO ADAPT THEM TO BURN ALL KINDS OF COAL, MORE ESPECIALLY ANTHRACITE ON STONE COAL
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Juxon Hesketh and David
Parsell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 16th September 1861.
We, WILLIAM JUXON HESKETH and DAVID PARSELL, both of Saundersfoot,
in the County of Pembroke, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES, WHEREBY
BETTER TO ADAPT THEM TO BURN ALL KINDS OF COAL, MORE ESPECIALLY ANTHRACITE
ON STONE COAL," to be as follows:-
The annexed Drawings represent our improvements in furnaces and steam
boilers, in which A is a revolving chamber, which we term a roaster, into which
the coal is put and ignited; the roaster is turned, and discharges the coal on
the fire; C is the fire-place, and D, tubular fire bars supplied with water,
which is also evaporated; E is the ash-pit, and F, F, F, a range of tubes
enclosing the roaster and fire; B is the furnace box, to ensure better results;
in this furnace we heat the air before it is passed into the fire-grate.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR DOUBLING AND TWISTING THE THREADS OF ANY TEXTILE MATTER WITH ANY MATERIAL SUSCEPTIBLE OF BEING CARDED OR COMBED
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
June 1861. A communication from abroad by Joseph Seraphin Mansion,
of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, Spinner.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVED MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR DOUBLING AND TWISTING THE THREADS OF ANY TEXTILE MATTER
WITH ANY MATERIAL SUSCEPTIBLE OF BEING CARDED OR COMBED," (communicated
to me from abroad by Joseph Seraphin Mansion, of No. 15, Passage des
Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, Spinner, to be as follows:-
This Invention is very simple; its object is to utilize waste wool and old
woollens which have been carded afresh, but which cannot advantageously be
again spun alone. This is effected in the following manner :-To an ordinary
throstle frame is adapted a cylinder carrying the material which has under-
gone the usual carding preparations, and a creel or bobbin holder on which
is rolled the cotton or other threads intended to serve as standing warp for the
materials it is desired to spin; the threads on the bobbins are so arranged
that in their rotation (which may be accelerated at will) they slightly graze
or touch the carded material placed upon the before-mentioned cylinder, so
that these cotton threads cover or coat themselves with wool, and thus a
thread or yarn is obtained, the exterior of which is wool and the interior

page_text: cotton. The product thus obtained in no wise resembles that which is obtained
by twisting a thread of cotton and one of wool together, but is a thread of
cotton (or other material) coated with wool as iron wire is covered with tin,
if such comparison be allowable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARMOUR PLATES FOR THE PROTECTION OF VESSELS OF WAR, FLOATING OR OTHER BATTERIES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Napier at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September
1861.
I, JOHN NAPIER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARMOUR PLATES FOR THE PROTECTION OF VESSELS OF WAR,
FLOATING OR OTHER BATTERIES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of armour plates for the
protection of vessels of war, floating or other batteries, by means of direct
pressure, instead of the usual mode of making them under the hammer or by
rolling.
In manufacturing armour plates, according to my Invention, I take a large
forged or otherwise made slab or bloom, or a number of such, or a number of
rolled or otherwise made plates and heat them, and then by means either of
hydraulic pressure or pressure produced by screw or lever, or by a combination
of mechanism, I squeeze them down to the required size, and by making
these hydraulic screw or lever presses, or a combination thereof, with the top
or bottom, or both of the plates between which the metal operated on is to be
squeezed, either flat or with projections or recesses thereon, I am able to
produce either plain armour plates, as at present in use, or plates with flanges
or projections or thickened up pieces on either side and on any part of their
surface. Armour plates so made may be bolted together round their edges in
the same manner as a cast-iron tank is generally made. Or I forge thicker

page_text: parts here and there on the armour plate, and bolts are tapped into these
thicker parts for fastening on the plates, so that the strength would be little or
no less at the tapped part than at the other parts. Or projections similar to
short bolts or studs may be so formed on the inside surface of the plate, which
are screwed and fitted with nuts, thus forming the bolts for fastening the plate
to the skin of the vessel where there is little or no wood or other backing. Or
where there is backing, this short stud may be made of a little larger size, so
that a hole tapped in its centre for receiving the screw bolt from inside for
fastening on the plate will not pass beyond the ordinary surface of the plate,
and consequently will not weaken it in the slightest degree.