IMPROVEMENTS IN ACTUATING PUNCHING, SHEARING, AND SIMILAR MACHINES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, JOHN FIELDING of the Atlas Works Gloucester, in the County of Gloucester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ACTUATING PUNCHING, SHEARING, AND SIMILAR MACHINES" to be as follows:—
This invention relates to improvements in machines, operated by hydraulic
pressure to be used for punching, shearing, cutting and stamping and such like
operations, and consists in an improved method of applying the moving force to
the machine whereby the force is approximately proportioned to the resistance,
In one form of machine, to be used for instance as a punching machine, the punch
is carried by a slide which recieves motion from a lever, such lever having a
constant length and working on a fulcrum pin at the side or back of the slide, one
edge of the opposite end of this lever is inclined relatively to the path through
which a roller moves, such roller being connected to and moving with a hydraulic
ram, the roller may either move upon a straight guide or path, or it may be
pivotted to one end of a swinging link, the other end of which may be pivotted
in a fixed pin or pivot. The movement of the roller is so arranged in relation to
the inclined edge of the lever that at the commencement of its traverse it acts
against the inclined edge of the lever at a maximum radius or distance from the
fulcrum pin as the roller advances it approaches the fulcrum pin and the leverage
decreases, the power of the punch being correspondingly diminished.
Thus as the punch approaches its bolster or die its power becomes less, so that
when punching a thick plate it exerts its maximum force at the point where it is
most desirable, viz. during the earlier part of its travel, after the metal has been
sheared around the periphey of the hole much less power is required to push out
the burr or punching-When thinner plates have to be punched the punch acts at
a point nearer the bolster and its power is therefore proportionally less, a similar
arrangement may be used for shearing and rivetting. The power being varied by
adjusting the roller to move upon any desired part of the inclined edge of lever.
The angle of this inclined plane may be so arranged as to be readily varied.
When shearing machines are of the scissors type such as are frequently used for
shearing plates and bars, the shears may be arranged on the same side of the
fulcrum as the inclined edge, in which case the latter would be upon the back of
one of the arms carrying the shears. I prefer however to extend the shearing
n

page_text: arms on the opposite side of the fulcrum pin and arrange rollers working upon a
pin between the inner edges of the arms, the pin is connected to and receives
motion from a hydraulic ram, one arm may be double and the other single three
rollers being provided on one pin, the centre roller bearing against the single arm
and the outer rollers against the double arm. By arranging the inner edges of the
arms at a suitable angle with relation to each other any desired proportion may be
secured between the motive of the ram and that of the shearing arm. In this
arrangement I prefer to make the ram and rollers commence to act at a point
nearest to fulcrum pin and more in a direction from it towards the outer end of
levers because the shears on the other side of fulcrum begin to cut at a point near
to the fulcrum pin and finish at their outer extrémites. This being the case the roller
always acts at approximately equal in proportion distances from the fulcrum to
that at which the shears are cutting. By arranging the inclined faces of the levers
so that the angle can be readily varied the machine may be made to cut thick or
thin plates with a proportionate comsumption of power.

page_text: r
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
I, JOHN FIELDING of the Atlas Works, Gloucester, in the County of Gloucester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUNCHING, SHEARING, AND SUCH LIKE OPERATIONS" and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
•
This invention relates to improvements in machines, operated by Hydraulic
power, to be used for Punching, shearing, cutting and stamping and such like
operations, and consists in an improved method of applying the moving force to
the machine whereby the force is approximately proportioned to the resistance to
be overcome, in one form of machine, to be used for instance as a punching
machine, the punch is carried by a slide which recieves motion from a lever, such
lever having a constant length and working on fulcrum pin at the side or back of
the slide, one edge of the opposite end of this lever is inclined relatively to the
path through which a roller moves, such roller being connected to and moving with
a hydraulic ram, the roller may either move upon a straight guide or path, or it
may be pivotted to one end of a swinging link, the other end of which may be
pivotted in a fixed pin or pivot. The movement of the roller is so arranged in
relation to the inclined edge of the lever that at the commencement of its traverse
it acts against the inclined edge of the lever at a maximum radius or distance
from the fulcrum pin, as the roller advances it approaches the fulcrum pin and the
leverage decreases, the power of the punch being correspondingly diminished.
Thus as the punch approaches its bolster or die its power becomes less, so that
when punching a thick plate it exerts its maximum force at the point where it is
most desireable, viz. during the earlier part of its traverse, after the metal has
been sheared around the periphey of the hole much less power is required to push
out the burr or punching. When thinner plates have to be punched the punch
acts at a point nearer the bolster and its power is therefore proportionatley less, a
similar arrangement may be used for shearing and rivetting. The power being
varied by adjusting the roller to move upon any desired part of the inclined edge
of lever.
The angle of this inclined plane may be so arranged as to be readily varied.
When shearing machines are of the scissors type such as are frequently used for
shearing plates and bars, the shears may be arranged on the same side of the
fulcrum as the inclined edge, in which case the latter would be upon the back of
one of the arms carrying the shears. I prefer however to extend the shearing
arms on the opposite side of the fulcrum pin and arrange rollers working upon a
pin between the inner edges of the arms, the pin is connected to and recieves
motion from a hydraulic ram, one arm may be double and the other single three
rollers being provided on one pin, the centre roller bearing against the single arm
and the outer rollers against the double arm. By arranging the inner edges of the
arms at a suitable angle with relation to each other any desired proportion may be
secured between the motive of the ram and that of the shearing arm. In this
arrangement I prefer to make the ram and rollers commence to act at a point
nearest to fulcrum pin and more in a direction from it towards the outer end of
levers because the shears on the other side of fulcrum begin to cut at a point near
to the fulcrum pin and finish at their outer extremites. This being the case the
roller always acts at approximately equal distances from the fulcrum to that at
which the shears are cutting. By arranging the inclined faces of the levers so that
the angle can be readily varied the machine may be made to cut thick or thin
plates with a proportionate consumption of power.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1. is a longitudinal vertical section of a punching machine constructed
according to the present invention.
Figure 2. is a plan of the same, the main frame being shewn in horizontal
section through the line y. %. the inclined lever and bydraulic cylinder being shewn &
in elevation.
Figure 3. is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a scissors shearing machines and
Figure 4 is a plan of the same.
In Figures 1 and 2. A is the main frame of machine. B the slide carrying
punch. C. the actuating lever. D the roller and E the hydraulic cylinder. F the 1
ram. G is the swinging link which serves to control the path through which the
roller D moves.
H is a heavy weight attached to the roller gudgeon d for the
purpose of effecting the return of the hydraulic ram. e is the pipe leading from
the cylinder to the working valve. I the punch. J. the die or bolster.
In Figures 3 and 4. A is the main frame, upon which are formed the planed 1
roller paths, a a, and with which also is formed the hydraulic cylinder E. Bis the
moving lever working upon centre gudgeon C. and carrying the upper shear blade I.
The lower shear blade j being fixed to the main frame A immediately above the
cylinder E. D is the roller and -F the hydraulic ram. e is the pipe leading to the
working valve, b is an adjustable inclined path attached to lever B, the angle being 2
adjusted by means of the screw H or some equivalent means. The inclined path
is shewn in the position suited for shearing thin bars or plates, a short stroke of
ram F only being required to give the full movement to the arm B, when the
path b is brought close to the arm B by means of the screw H the full stroke of
ram F will be required to give the full movement to arm B. It is obvious that 2
rivetting or stamping tools may be substituted in lieu of the punch and die shewn
in Figure 1 or the shear blades shewn in Figure 3, or that a punch and die might
be substituted in lieu of the latter, also that shear blades might be used in place of
the punch and die in Figure 1 without departing from the spirit of this invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said 3
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The combination of the frame A, slide B, lever C, roller D, Cylinder E ram F,
and links G, G, as and for the purposes herein set forth and described.
•
2. The combination of the frame A. roller paths a, a, Cylinder E, ram F; arm B, 3
adjustable roller path b and roller D. substantially as and for the purposes herein
set forth and described.