Improvements in and relating to Boilers, Chiefly Designed for Hot-water Heating Apparatus.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 14th July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 14th May, 1895-Accepted, 22nd June, 1895
Improvements in and relating to Boilers, Chiefly Designed for
Hot-water Heating Apparatus.
We, FREDERICK BARKER HILL, Engineer, of 30, Glengall Road, 'Old Kent
Road, and ROBERT DANIEL BRETT, 'Engineer, of 4, Trafalgar Road, Old Kert
Road, both in 'thie County of Surrey, do 'hereby declare 'the 'nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to apparatus which is chiefly designed for beating water or
other liquids for warming rooms, conservatories and other apartments or
buildings.
The main object of our said invention is to provide an improved boiler so coh-
ructed that it can be very readily taken to pieces and put together again and can
be easily cleaned, and which can be manufactured at a low cost as compared with
those hitherto used for like purposes.
Our improved boiler is made with a flanged casting or shell inserted 'into another
flanged casting or shell in such a manner that 'the flange of one of the said castings
or shells rests upon that of the other casting or shell. These castings or shells are
of such relative dimensions that a suitable water-space is left between the same.
The flanges of the said castings or shells are firmly connected by means of screws,
bolts or equivalent fastenings, suitable packing being interposed between the said
flanges to make a fluid-tight joint. The said flanged castings are so formed and
united that the said screws, bolts or other fastenings can be readily withdrawn or
disconnected, and the outer casting can then be easily lifted and removed from the
inner casting, thus permitting ready access to the interior surfaces of the boiler.
The inner casting is preferably provided with tubes to increase the area of the
heating surface of the boiler. These tubes may extend across the said casting
either horizontally or at any suitable inclination and may all be arranged parallel
to each other, or there may be alternate' rows for 'series of such tubes crossing each
other. Or, if preferred, circulating tubes or "field"" tubes 'may be secured in the
top of the said casting so that they extend downward within the same.
In cases where the said tubes are all arranged parallel to each other with the
tubes of every alternate row below the spaces between the tubes of the row above
it, we make the inner flanged casting with corrugated sides or with suitable
projections on the interior of the sides, so that there is at each end of every such
alternate row of tubes a projection on the casting which partially fills the space that
would otherwise be left between the end tubes of the adjacent rows above and
below the same. We thus still further increase the area of the heating surface of
the boiler, and at the same time avoid having any straight upward path for the
products of combustion between the tubes and the sides of the said casting.
The outer flanged casting is provided with suitable inlet and outlet apertures for
the circulating fluid.
For boilers of large size, we sometimes make the inner and outer flanged.castings
or shells, or either of them, in sections, which are bolted together or otherwise
firmly united.
We sometimes make the castings or shells with flanges at their lower end and
provide the inner casting with an uptake or flue which extends through a stuffing-
box in the top or side of the outer casting, thus forming an expansion joint. In
other cases we arrange within the inner casting a suitable baffle-plate in such a
011

page_text: manner that the products of combustion will pass around the edge of the said plate
into a suitable flue connected with a chimney in any convenient manner.
Our said invention also comprises an improved method of securing the ends of
the aforesaid tubes in the tube-plates or sides of the inner casting. For this purpose
we form in the exterior of the said sides around each of the holes for the tubes, a
recess or cavity which, after the tube has been inserted, we fill up with a suitable
cement, such, for instance, as a mixture of black manganese or black oxide of
manganese and cil. This is a very efficient and economical method of fastening the
tubes in the tube-plates. In some instances we use for this purpose a cement, such,
for instance, as sulphur and graphite, which can be very readily removed, so that
a worn or damaged tube can be easily withdrawn and replaced.
Our improved boiler is chiefly designed to be heated by means of liquid fuel.
For this purpose we sometimes combine with our improved boiler a lamp or burner
in which liquid hydrocarbon is vaporized and mixed with air (either alone or
together with some other gas) in several consecutive stages, so that a very hot
flame will be produced, with the consumption of a comparatively small quantity of
hydrocarbon. We combine the said boiler and lamp or burner in such a manner as
to utilize the said flame in an efficient manner for heating the said tubes and the
interior of the inner casting. We sometimes make the inner casting with suitable
legs or supports, or we otherwise so construct the apparatus that the lamp or
burner can be readily removed and replaced. In other instances we mount the
said lamp or burner in a frame adapted to support the boiler, the said frame being
provided with a suitable door to permit access to the burner.
Dated the 14th day of July 1894.
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Boilers, Chiefly Designed for
Hot-water Heating Apparatus.
We, FREDERICK BARKER HILL, Engineer, of 30 Glengall Road, Old Kent
Road, and ROBERT DANIEL BRETT, Eugineer, of 4 Trafalgar Road, Old Kent
Road, both in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to apparatus which is chiefly designed for heating water
or other liquids for warming rooms, conservatories and other apartments or
buildings.
The main object of our said invention is to provide an improved boiler so con-
structed that it can be very readily taken to pieces and put together again and can
be easily cleaned, and which can be manufactured at a low cost as compared with
those hitherto used for like purposes.
Our improved boiler is made with a flanged hollow casting or shell inserted into
another flanged hollow casting or shell in such a manner that the flange of one of
the said castings or shells rests upon that of the other casting or shell, the
said flanges being firmly connected by means of screws, bolts or equivalent
fastenings, and suitable packing being interposed between the saidflanges to make
a fluid-tight joint. These castings or shells are of such relative dimensions that a
suitable water-space is left between the same, and are so formed and united that the
said screws, bolts or other fastenings can be readily withdrawn or disconnected, and
the outer casting can then be easily lifted and removed from the inner casting, thus
permitting ready access to the interior surfaces of the boiler.

page_text: The inner casting or shell is provided with removable water-tubes to increase the
area of the beating surface of the boiler. And our said invention comprises an
improved method of securing the ends of the tubes in the tube-plates or sides of
the said casting or shell by means of a suitable cement, such for example as we have
hereinafter described, inserted in cavities cast in the inner shell around the holes
for the tubes, so that, when the outer shell is lifted off, the tubes can be easily
removed from the inner shell and new tubes inserted in place of them, without
having to employ skilled labour. The said tubes may extend across the said
casting either horizontally or at any suitable inclination and may all be arranged
parallel to each other, or there inay be alternate rows cr series of such tubes
crossing each other. Or, if preferred, circulating tubes or "field" tubes may be
secured in the top of the said casting so that they extend downward within the
same and can be easily removed and replaced.
Our said invention, moreover, comprises other improvements hereinafter
described.
In the accompanying drawing we have shown how our said invention may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a vertical central section of a boiler constructed according to our
said invention.
Figures 2 and 3 are vertical central sections showing modified forms of our
improved boiler.
Figure 4 is a vertical longitudinal section, drawn to a reduced scale, showing
another modification of our invention.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawing.
A is the outer casting or shell which is provided with a flange A¹ whereby it
may be secured to the inner casting or shell B which is provided with a corre-
sponding flange B'. C, C are the removable water-tubes. D is a stove serving as
the source of heat. The outer casting or shell A is provided with suitable inlet and
outlet apertures E, F for the circulating fluid.
The inner casting B, Figures 1 and 2, is provided with an uptake or flue G
which extends through a stuffing-box H in the outer shell A, thus. forming an
expansion-joint.
For boilers of large size, we sometimes make the inner and outer flanged castings
or shells, or either of them, in sections, which are bolted together or otherwise
firmly united.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 1, the tubes C are all arranged parallel to
each other, the tubes of every alternate row being below the spaces between the
tubes of the row above it.
We secure the ends of the tubes C in the tube-plates or sides of the inner shell B
as follows, that is to say:-1
-We form in the exterior of the said sides around each
of the holes for the tubes, a recess or cavity a, which, after the tube has been
inserted, we fill up with a suitable cement, such, for instance, as a mixture of black
manganese or black oxide of manganese. and oil or blacklead, or a mixture of
sulphur and graphite or black-lead, which can be very readily removed or melted
out.
A worn or damaged tube can therefore be easily withdrawn and replaced, as
the cement around a new tube can be put in by means of a soldering iron, or can
be simply melted and poured into the cavity. These cements will hold the tube
very firmly in place and consequently the holes for the tubes and the cavities
surrounding them can be cast in the inner shell without being drilled or broached.
The said cements will, morcover, effectually withstand the heat to which they are
liable to be subjected. It will, therefore, be seen that the above is a very efficient
and economical method of fastening the tubes in the tube-plates or sides of the inner
shell.
In making a boiler of small size according to our said invention, we sometimes
make the inner casting or shell of gun-metal or similar material and the tubes of
copper. In this case we sometimes solder the tubes in the inner shell.

page_text: We prefer to incline the said tubes slightly from the horizontal as shown, so as
to facilitate the circulation of the water in the boiler.
In Figure. 2 we have shown a boiler similar to that above described with the
exception that the tubes Care.arranged in horizontal rows crossing each other.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 3, we have shown a boiler. in which the
uptake F and stuffing-box G are dispensed with, and the inner shell B is provided
with an outlet or flue J at its lower end and with a baffle-plate K arranged
approximately parallel to the tubes C in such a manner that the products of com-
bustion will pass over the upper edge of the said plate before they escape through
the flue J into a chimney connected therewith in any convenient manner.
Our improved boiler is chiefly designed to be heated by means of liquid fuel.
For this purpose we prefer to combine with our improved boiler, a lamp or burner D
such as we have described in the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to
us and dated: 19th January-1894, No. 1231; in which liquid hydrocarbon is vaporized
and mixed with air (either alone or together with some other gas) in several
consecutive stages, so that a very hot flame will be produced, with the consumption
of a comparatively small quantity of hydrocarbon. We combine the said boiler.
and lamp or burner in such a manner as to. utilize. the said flame in an. efficient
mauner for heating the said tubes and the interior of the inner casting. W.e.some-.
times make the inner casting, with suitable legs. or supports, or we otherwise so
construct the apparatus that the lamp or burner can be readily removed and
replaced. In other instances we mount the said lamp or burner in a frame adapted
to support the boiler, the said frame being provided with a suitable door to permit
access to the burner.
According to a further modification of our said invention, we combine our
improved boiler with an ordinary hot-water boiler, so. as to utilize the heated
products of combustion. from the latter, for still further. heating the water in our
improved boiler, the water-spaces in the two boilers being, suitably connected.
In Figure 4, we have shown an arrangement of this kind in which our boiler is
used in combination with a cylindrical boiler. L of the ordinary type in use for hot-
water, heating. In this case, an. aperture E' is, formed. in, the upper part of the
boiler L, and the inner and outer shells B, A of our improved boiler are secured
above the same by means of screws or bolts, so. that the products of combustion
from the slow combustion furnace M. will pass along the flue N through the
aperture L' and thence into the inner shell B of our improved boiler and through,
the uptake or flue G. The water-spaces of the two, boilers are in communication
with each other through a pipe P connecting the outlet of the boiler L. with the
inlet E of the improved boiler, Q being the inlet of the boiler. L. lu this manner
we are enabled to utilize practically, the whole of the heat which would otherwise
be allowed to escape with the products of combustion- by reason of the small
heating surface of the cylindrical boiler, and thus produce a very efficient
combination.
It is obvious that our improved boiler may be combined with saddle-boilers, in a
similar manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:―
First. The improved multitubular water-heater in which the water-tubes are
secured in the inner casting or shell in such a manner that they can be readily
removed and replaced, substantially as herein before described.
Second. The modification of our invention wherein we employ sets of removable
water-tubes crossing each other at right angles, substantially as described with
reference to Figure 2 of the drawing.
Third. The modification of our invention wherein we make the inner casting or
shell with an outlet or flue at its lower end, and with a suitable baffle-plate or

page_text: bridge approximately parallel with the tubes, substantially as described. with
reference to Figure 3 of the drawing.
Fourth. The method of securing the tubes in the inner casting or shell by means
of a cement, such as we have hereinbefore described, inserted in cavities surrounding
the ends of the tubes, as above set forth.
Fifth. The modification of our invention wherein we combine our heater with an
ordinary hot-water boiler so as to utilize the heated products of combustion for
further heating the water, substantially as described.
Dated the 14th day of Me 1895
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.