IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING METALLIC NUTS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," No. 12, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING METALLIC NUTS."-A communication
from abroad by Richard James Dewhurst, of the City, County, and
State of New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 6th June 1865, and dated the 23rd December 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
December 1864.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12, South-
ampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engi-
neer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING METALLIC NUTS," a communication, to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture automatically from heated
bars of metal nuts for screw bolts by means of cutting, punching, and forging
dies with corresponding counter dies or die beds, so combined and operated
that the nut blank is cut from the bar, punched, and forged by successive
operations, and discharged from the machine completed for tapping. The bed

page_text: plate of the machine is made of cast iron or other suitable material, and is
supported at a convenient height for use. For convenience, the bed plate is
formed nearly square. The parts liable to wear by the operations of the
machine are formed of cast steel, properly tempered for the purpose, and
other parts of cast or wrought iron. The blanks are cut from the bar by
means of two dies, the lower one being stationary in the bed plate. The
upper die works vertically in a guide box fixed to the bed plate in any suit-
able manner.
This moveable die is forced downward, thereby severing the
blank from the bar by means of a lever, operated by a cam on the main shaft,
the latter being located above the bed plate, and said lever working on a ful-
crum secured to the bed plate. This die is carried upward by the force of a
spring placed under the bar from which the blanks are cut. This spring is
provided with guide lips, which are made sufficiently long to pass above the top
of said bar. Behind the moveable cutter attached to the said guide box is an
adjustable gauge for regulating the size of the blank and for holding it steady
while it is being severed from the bar. The punching apparatus has also a
stationary and moveable part, the stationary part or counter die being fixed in
the bed plate, with a hole for the punch, which hole is continued through the
bed plate for the cores to pass down. The moveable part of this apparatus
consists of a stock, into which is properly fitted a round punch. This stock
and punch are forced downward by means similar to those employed with the
moveable cutter, and is carried upward by a spring or other suitable device.
The swaging apparatus to which the nut is passed after being punched con-
sists of a bed die and a champering die. The champering die is operated by
means similar to those described in reference to the moveable cutter. This
die shapes the upper part of the nut. The nut is then passed to the side
swages and lateral hammers, for the purpose of properly forging the sides.
The two lateral hammers are secured to horizontal bars of iron or stocks and
the two side swages are let into the bed plate of the machine, forming a recess
of a depth equal or somewhat greater than the thickness of the nut, and
adapted to the contigous sides opposite the said hammers, which hammers
work below the surface of the bed plate, so as to come directly opposite. the
side swages. The hammers are placed at right angles with the said swages,
forming a square recess, and are drawn away from the nut by means of camis
and thereby compressing strong springs, suitably placed, the recoil of which
causes the hammers, on being liberated from the cams, to impinge the sides
of the nut with great force. These cams are firmly fitted on arbors or shafts
in the same plane, one being placed parallel and the other at right angles to
the main shaft. Motion is given to the former by gearing from the main

page_text: shaft at the opposite or left side of the machine, and from the former con-
veyed to the latter by mitre gear wheels at the right side of the machine.
These cams are so shaped that the hammers are made to give four alternate
blows at each revolution, or two blows each upon the two adjacent sides of
the nut. On the outer end of the hammer stocks are fitted discs, the inner
surface of which are covered with india-rubber or other elastic material, to
act as buffers, and thereby preventing the striking of the hammers against the
opposite side dies when there is no nut in position to receive the impact of the
blow. The square recess in the bed plate formed by the side dies and the
faces of the hammers is somewhat larger than the nut, and has a round
mandril or pin in the centre, capable however of lateral vibrations. This
centre pin has the same diameter as the punch. Its top is level with the
surface of the bed plate, and the bottom is sustained by a carrier fixed to the
under surface of the bed plate. The punched centre of the nut coming
directly over this pin, a presser operated in a manner similar to the cutter
forces the nut down upon the pin and into the aforesaid recess, said presser
being immediately raised up by a spring or other convenient means to wait
the advent of the suceeding nut. The centre pin is made to vibrate laterally
for the purpose of permitting the blow of the hammer to drive the nut against
the opposite side of the recess, by which means the nut is forged in the most
perfect manner. Around the mandril or centre pin is fitted a sliding sleeve,
made to work in a vertical direction by a guide hole in the bed plate. This
sleeve is elevated as required, so as to raise the forged nut out of the recess,
and clear of the centre pin to the level of the upper surface of the bed plate,
which is accomplished by means of a forked lever hung on a fulcrum attached
to the bottom of the bed plate, said lever being operated by a cam fixed on
the arbor before mentioned, parallel with the main shaft. The forged nut
being elevated clear of the centre pin is passed under a finishing hammer, the
face of which is of the same form as the champering die, being intended to
give the finishing blow to the top surface of the nut. The finishing hammer
is attached to a handle, the latter being hung to a pin fixed in a support
resting on the upper surface of the bed plate, and operated by a rod which is
elevated by a cam fixed to the arbor at right angles to the main shaft which
operates the hammer located at the right hand of the machine. This cam is
so shaped that the finishing hammer is left free to fall, and the force of the
blow may be increased by a spring, if desired. In descending, the handle of
said hammer falls upon a block of india-rubber placed on the bed plate, which
immediately elevates the hammer clear of the nut. When the blank is first
cut from the heated bar it is pushed along to the punching dies by a sliding

page_text: bar operated by a cam fixed on an arbor or shaft at right angles to the main
shaft on the left side of the machine. This bar is forced back by means of a
spring, when the cam ceases to act. Motion is conveyed to this arbor by
suitable gearing. The nut having been punched is drawn rearward by a
second sliding bar to a proper range for the suceeding operations. This
movement of this bar is obtained by the action of a cam on the arbor under
the bed plate parallel with the main shaft, and the return movement is made
by a cam on the main shaft acting against a rod connected with said bar.
The nut is thus brought in contact with a spring guide running parallel with
the main shaft, and is then acted upon by a third sliding bar operated by a
cam fixed on the same shaft as the cam operating the first. By this means
the nut is forced forward to the champering dies, and afterwards to the recess
containing the mandril or centre pin. By a fourth sliding bar, which is worked
by a cam on a bent lever, the latter being acted upon by a spring and a cam
on the main shaft, the nut having been discharged from the centre pin is
moved under the finishing hammer. A suitable spring and spring guides are
employed for steadying the nut, as its position is being changed in the suces-
sive operations; and when completed each nut is forced to an opening in the
bed plate by the suceeding nut; the whole being done by the machinery with-
out an intervening manipulation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Haseltine in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th June 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said George Haseltine, Her special licence that I, the said
George Haseltine, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said George Haseltine, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully

page_text: might make, use, exercise and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING METALLIC NUTS," a
communication, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Georgo
Haseltine, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the annexed Sheet of Drawings, making a
part of this Specification :-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture automatically from heated
bars of metal nuts for screw bolts, by means of cutting, punching, and forging
dies with corresponding counter dies so combined together and operated
that the nut-blank is cut from the bar, punched and forged by successive
operations, and discharged from the machine completed for tapping.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the machine as seen from over the right
hand corner of the bed plate.
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the left-hand half of the bed plate showing
the relative positions of the horizontal dies or hammers, together with the
cam sand gear wheels by which they are operated.
Figure 8 is a vertical section of Figure 1 through the guide or holding box
of the cutting die, and at right angles to the main shaft, or from front to rear
of the bed plate.
Figure 4 is also a vertical section of Figure 1 through the stock and counter
die of the punch, and from front to rear of the bed plate, shewing one of the
sliders, and the mode of operating the same.
Similar letters are used to designate the corresponding parts in all the
Figures.
The bed plate B, B, is made of cast iron or other suitable material, and is
mounted on legs or other supports so as to place the machine at a proper
heighth for use. The dies should all be made of a superior quality of cast steel
and be properly tempered; and in each place where the blank or nut is operated

page_text: upon, either by cutting, punching, pressing, or hammering, the blank or nut
should rest upon or against a steel face or counter die, which should also be of
superior material, and be properly tempered.
The lower cutting die a, Figures 1, 2, and 3, is secured to the bed plate in
a groove or channel by means of a set screw, as shown at 6, or in any other
suitable manner, so as to bold it in place, but the upper cutting die.c has a
vertical movement, and is made to work in or through the guide box C, and
is operated or forced downwards so as to cut off the blank nut from the end
of the heated bar g by means of the cam d acting on the rear end of the
lever e, as shown in Figure 1. The upward movement of the die c is effected
by the recoil of the spring f on which the bar 9 rests, and which is furnished
with guide lips at the place of bearing, which are made higher than the
thickness of the bar g, so that the bar g may pass between the spring f and
the cutting die c when pushed into the machine, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
Bebind this movable cutter c, and attached to the block C, which contains
its guiding recess, is the adjustable gauge h, Figure 3, to gauge or limit the
size of the nut, and to hold it steady while being cut off from the bar. The
punching apparatus has also a stationary and a movable part; the stationary
part or counter die i is fitted into the bed plate B, as shown in Figure 4, and
has a hole through its centre for the punch, directly under which there is a
bole made through the bed plate for the cores or punchings to drop through,
as shown at i, Figure 4. The movable part consists of the stock D, into
which is properly fitted the round punch j, Figure 4. This stock D and its
punch are forced downwards so as to perforate the blank nut by means of
the cam k, which acts on the rear end of the lever l, and are elevated so as to
withdraw the punch from from the iron by means of a spring or cam or other
suitable device as is usual in such operations, the punch in the meantime
being kept cool with water. After being punched the nut is passed to the
swaging apparatus, consisting of a bed die and a chamfering die. The
chamfering die is made with a concave face, and is attached to the lower end
of the stock E, which is made to work in a vertical position, as before
explained in reference to the cutting die c, and is forced downwards so as to
shape the upper surface of the nut, by means of the cam m acting on the
rear end of the lever o, as shewn in Figure 1; its upward movement is effected
by means of a spring or by the over balancing weight of the rear end of the
lever o, or by any other means that will answer the purpose. The nut being
swaged upon the face, and its top corners rounded or chamfered down, it is
passed to the side swage and lateral hammers, by which it is forged upon the
sides.
The lateral hammers F and G are composed of or faced with steel,

page_text: properly tempered, and square or oblong in cross section. These hammers
are secured to suitable bars of iron F and and G¹, as stocks or handles, as
shewn in Figures 1 and 2. The side swages in this process are let into the
bed plate B, forming a recess of a depth equal or somewhat greater than the
thickness of the nut, and adapted to the two contiguous sides opposite to the
two hammers F and G, which hammers and their stocks or handles also work
below the level of the bed plate so as to be directly opposite to the side swages
in horizontal guides or recesses cut or fitted into the bed plate for that pur-
pose. The hammers F and G are placed at right angles to each other, their
faces forming a square recess with the faces of the side dies or swages, and are
operated by the cams H and I, Figure 2, which draw them outwards against
the springs K and L or their equivalents, the recoil of which causes the
hammers on being liberated from the cams to impinge the sides of the nut
with great force. The cams E and I are firmly fitted and secured to the
arbors or shafts M and N, which are geared together by their mitre wheels
O and P. The arbor M being driven or revolved by the spur wheels Q,
Figure 2, and R and S, Figure 1; the wheel S, being on the main cam shaft T,
on which also is the fly-wheel U, Figure 1. These cams have two similar
projections and depressions respectively, as shown at p, p, and q. q', by which
means the hammers F and G are made to give four alternate blows at each
revolution, or two blows each upon the two adjacent sides of the nut. On the
outer ends of the stocks or handles F¹ and G' are fitted the discs or plates
V and V, Figures 1 and 2, upon the inner sides of which discs or plates are
placed pieces of india-rubber, or other elastic substance, to serve as buffers, by
which to prevent the striking of the hammers against their opposite side dies
when there is no nut present to receive the impact of the blows. The square
recess in the bed plate, formed by the side dies and the faces of the hammers,
is somewhat larger than the nut, and has a round steel pin or mandrel in the
centre, but so as to be capable of lateral vibration, for a purpose that shall be
presently explained. This centre pin or mandrel has a diameter corres-
ponding to that of the punch; its top is level with the face of the bed
plate, and it extends down through and below the bed plate to the carrier v,
which is secured to the under side of the bed plate, as shown in Figure 2, and
to which it is firmly attached. The nut on being swaged, as before explained,
is moved forward till its punched centre is directly over the top of the centre
pin or mandrel v, when the presser a¹, Figure 1, immediately descends
upon it and forces it down upon the pin and into the recess, when
it rises up again, and remains suspended till required for the succeeding
nut. The presser a is operated by the cam Y, upon which the rear

page_text: arm a¹ of the presser a rests, either by reason of its overbalancing weight
or by means of a spring. The nut being within the recess of the bed plate
and transfixed upon the centre pin or mandrel v¹, is acted upon by the
hammers F and G as described, and as there is a small space between the
nut and the side swages or dies the action of the hammer drives the nut across
this space alternately against the faces of the opposite side swages, thus
virtually giving the nut two blows at once on its opposite sides, thus completely
and thoroughly forging and consolidating the material of the nut upon all its
sides externally and internally as in the manual process. Around the centre
pin or mandrel v', Figure 2, is fitted the sliding sleeve w made to work in a
vertical position by the guide hole in the bed plate through which it operates.
This sleeve is elevated as required so as to raise the forged nut out of the
recess and clear of the centro pin to the level of the bed plate, which is
accomplished by means of the forked lever a, which is hung on a fulcrum pin
at y, and is vibrated by the cam Z as shewn in Figure 2. The forged nut
being elevated from the recess and clear of the centre pin is passed to the
finishing hammer W, which has its face formed substantially like that
of the chamfering die E, Figure 1, and is intended to give a finishing blow
to the top surface of the nut as it sits in the machine. The finishing
hammer W is attached to a handle, as shewn in the ordinary manner of a
trip or tilt hammer being hung on a fulcrum pin v¹¹, in a stud attached to the
top face of the bed plate, and is operated by the pin or rod S¹, Figures 1 and 2,
which is elevated by the cam t, Figure 2, and when the point t¹ of this cam
passes the lower end of the rod s, the hammer W will in descending by its
own gravity, or by the further aid of a spring give the blow required on the
said upper surface of the nut. In descending the handle of this hammer will
strike on the block of india-rubber or other suitable substance u, Figure 1,
which will immediately elevate it clear of the nut so that the nut may be
moved away. A space A, Figures 1 and 2, is left in the front of the bed
plate in which is secured the spring f, Figures 1, 2, and 3, over and between
the lips; at the rear end of this spring is passed by hand the heated end of the
bar g into the gauge h of the cutting dies as particularly indicated in Figure 3.
And as the cutting action of the dies forms a slight scarf or bevel at the end
of the bar where the blank was cut off, the bar should be turned upside down
every time a blank is cut off. The blank nut being cut off by the action of
the cutting dies c and a as explained, it is pushed along to the punching
dies ; and i by the sliding bar or slider b¹, Figures 1 and 2, in the direction
indicated by the arrow, in which direction it is caused to move by the action
of the cam Z, and having reached the limit of the motion it is thrown back

page_text: again by the recoil of the spring c¹, Figures 1 and 2. The nut being punched
is drawn rearwards by the slider d¹, as indicated by the arrow upon it,
Figures 2 and 4, till in proper range for the remaining operations. This
movement of the slider d' is accomplished by the action of the cam e¹ on the
pin e", it is then carried back to its first position by the cam m² acting on the
rod mu, Figure 2. (The cam e' is on the shaft M, Figure 2, beneath the
bed plate, and the cam m¹ is on the left-hand side of the cam m, they are
therefore not seen in Figures 1 and 2.) The nut being in the position last
stated and in contact with the spring guide f¹, it is acted upon by the third
slider or pusher 9', which is parallel to the slider as shewn in Figures 1
and 2. This slider g¹ is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow firstly
so as to push the punched nut to the chamfering or swaging dies E, and
secondly on completion of the chamfering process to the recess in the bed
plate n, and centre pin or mandrel v¹, where it is pushed down upon the
centre pin or mandrel by the presser ¹, and then forged on the sides by the
horizontal hammers F and G. The slider g¹ having pushed the nut to this
position is immediately drawn back to the position shown in Figure 2, all
which movements of this slider are accomplished by the cam groove n¹ as
indicated in Figures 1 and 2. On completion of the forging process by the
lateral bammers F and G, the nut is elevated from the recess in the bed plate,
and from the centre pin v¹ by the upward movement of the sleeve w, when it
is moved by the fourth slider ¹, Figure 1, which is directly over the hammer F,
and is worked by the cam k, on the bent lever j, so as to push the nut from n¹¹,
the place of the last-named operation to n¹, where it receives the finishing blow
from the hammer w. The rear end of the back arm of the lever j¹ is pressed
against the face of the cam by a spring as shewn in Figure 1.
A long
spring, Figure 1, secured to the covering plate of the hammer F, and
parallel with A, acts as a steadier to the nut, while approaching the position
over the recess in the bed plate and centre pin n", and also from that position
to the next position 21, where the nut receives the finishing blow. This
spring is pressed outwards by the action of the cam o¹ on the rod 7¹, so as to
allow the presser x to come freely down upon the nut as shown in Figure 1.
There are also three spring guides f¹, s, t, attached to the face of the bed
plate as shewn, for the purpose of guiding and steadying the nut while passing
from place to place. The several levers e, l, and o, should be properly attached
to the die stocks c, D, and E, and have their rear ends or arms retained in
contact with the surfaces of the cams d, k, m, respectively, as shewn in
On the left-hand end of
the shaft M, Figure 2, and outside of the spur wheel Q, is fitted a bevel
Figure 1, which may be done by means of springs.

page_text: wheel A¹, gearing into a corresponding bevel wheel B', of twice the diameter
on the shaft which carries the cams h' and Z, (the cam Z is accordingly made
with two throw points which are on its opposite sides) therefore, through the
spur wheel Q all the gearing of the machine is connected with the main cam
shaft T', upon which also is the fly wheel U, which shaft T being put in motion
as indicated by the arrow either by a band upon the periphery of the said
wheel, or by any other convenient means, the whole machinery is thereby put
in motion. The machine being constructed and arranged as described and
put in motion with proper speed, that is a speed of about fifty revolutions per
minute, but a somewhat slower or faster speed, as circumstances may suggest
may be used; the heated end of the bar g is passed by hand over the spring f,
and between the lips on its end into the gauge h, so that when the movable
part of the cutting dies is forced downwards it will sever the blank nut from
the end of the bar g, the bar g should then be turned upside down for another
cut, and so on for every succeeding cut. The slider 6 pushes the detached
blank into the recess n of the slider d', Figure 4, and over the stationary
counter die i, of the punch j; the punch j then descends through an orifice in
the slider d', and is forced through the blank and immediately withdrawn, the
nut being held down to the slider d'. The slider d then moves or draws the
punched nut to the space between the guide springs f¹ and s¹, when the
slider g' approaches and pushes it out of the recess in d¹ to the position n¹ under
the swaging die E, Figure 1, when this die immediately descends upon the
nut and rounds down the corners and acts upon the whole face of the nut,
and by reaction on the opposite side of the nut also upon the counter die.
The nut being swaged or compressed upon its top or bottom surfaces as
described, it is pushed by a second movement of the slider g' till it is directly
over the centre pin or mandrel v³, as shewn at n¹¹, Figures 1 and 2, when the
presser comes down upon it and forces it upon the centre pin and into the
recess formed by the faces of the side dies and lateral hammers F and G, in
this position it is held by the centre pin or mandrel while the lateral hammers
F and G are made to act upon two of its adjacent sides by giving two blows
each alternately with each other in the order F, G, F, G, as described. The
nut being forged upon its sides is elevated from the recess in the bed plate,
and from its centre pin by the upward action of the sleeve w by means of
the cam on the lever x, when the slider i, Figure 1, will push the nut
forward between the two guide springs s' and t¹, to the position n¹¹¹ as shewn in
Figure 1, when it is struck by the hammer W upon the upper surface, thus
finishing the face and bottom of the nut by the same blow. The nut being
completely finished in the forging is pushed by the suceeding nuts to the

page_text: opening made through the bed plate into which it falls, and passes to a
proper receiver, where it may be allowed to cool, after which it is ready for
tapping, thus by the automatic operation of the machine it will cut the blanks
from the bar and punch, swage, and hammer them into beautifully and
accurately forged nuts.
In constructing this machine most of the details may be varied without
however changing its character or principle, 1 therefore do not confine myself
to the specific devices herein described, but claim the right to vary the same as
I may see fit so long as the principal parts and their combination and general
character are retained.
Having thus described the construction and operation of said Invention as
communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I claim,-
First, the cutting dies, blank gauge, the top and bottom swaging dies,
and the side dies and lateral hammers, in combination with each other,
and with mechanism by which the blanks or nuts are moved from place
to place as required in the progress of the operations, substantially as
described.
Second, the centre pin or mandrel and ts sliding sleeve, together with the
mechanism by which it is operated in combination with nut forging machinery,
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, hath hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
5 Witness,
ROWLAND GREEN.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)