Improvements in Incandescent Vapour or Gas Burners
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Jan., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 24th Oct., 1899-Accepted, 13th Jan., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incandescent Vapour or Gas Burners
I, PERCY RICHARD JULIUS WILLIS, of Fairfield, Kingston-on-Thames, in the
County of Surrey, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention (a communication to me from abroad by Alfred Arden Arnott, Inventor,
of Topeka, Kansas, and William Anthony Granville, Professor, of New Haven,
Connecticut, U.S.A.) to be as follows:-
This invention relates to hydro-carbon burners, and its objects are, first, to
produce a burner of this character in which the supply-tube is cast integral with
the burner, in order to obviate a joint at the point of connection, which has
been found in practice in similar burners, after a short service, to cause the
burner to assume a position other than the perpendicular in order to screw it
sufficiently tight upon the pipe to prevent leaking, and as the burner is ordinarily
provided with a chimney, it is obvious that the burner is rendered useless in
such connection.
Second; To produce a cheap and serviceable burner by employing a vaporizing
tube or coil which describes almost a circle, but which may be more or less
extended, that is to say, may describe a smaller segment of a circle or more
than a circle.
Third; To provide a burner of this character wherein the mixing chamber
tube or extension is cast integral with the burner.
Fourth To provide a wire-gauze cap or tip provided with a flame spreader
which extends both above and below the cap or tip.
Fifth To provide a removable cap or nozzle, through which the gas is dis-
charged up into the mixing chamber, and dispense with the valves. to control
this discharge; it having been found in practice that the valve which is usually
located at this point is a useless adjunct, and affords simply an extra joint
through which the oil or gas may in time leak or escape.
Sixth-To provide a sectional casement of ornamental appearance, and ser-
viceable in that it prevents a draught from interfering with the discharge of
gas or vapour into the mixing chamber, and consequently insures a perfect
flame whether burning in or out of doors.
A burner constructed in accordance with this invention, comprises a tubular
body portion formed at the end of and integral with the oil or gas supply pipe.
The interior of the body forms the chamber in which air mixes with the gas
before combustion. The wall of the body is thickened on one side and is longi-
tudinally perforated to form two adjacent and parallel passages. These passages
extend from the upper edge of the mixing chamber, and one of them terminates
in an extension of the wall which is formed into a nozzle having an opening
immediately below the mixing chamber, whilst the other passage opens into the
supply nipe which is situated near the lower end of the mixing chamber or
body. The upper ends of both passages are connected by a tube passing around

page_text: the top of the mixing chamber in an annular groove. The tube may just con-
nect the two passages as described, or may be coiled several times before having
its ends connected to the passages.
A gauze cap rests on the top of the mixing chamber and the tube, and is kept
in place by an annular flange formed integral with the body.
A flame spreading device is suspended over and extends centrally through the
cap, and consists of an inverted conical piece of metal or suitable substance sus-
pended from a bracket or arm extending upwardly and horizontally from the
upper part of the body portion.
The burner is provided with a protective casing consisting of a tubular shell
formed in two parts. The lower part is formed with slots which engage pins
on the upper part making what is known as a bayonet joint" therewith. The
upper part has an aperture in its side to permit of its being passed over the
supply pipe, and from said aperture to its upper edge, it is split so that it can
be readily sprung around the upper part of the body of the burner.
The burner is provided with the usual gallery to support the chimney, and
also with upwardly extending wires to support a ring near the upper part of
the chimney to steady it.
A vertical sleeve on the body portion of the burner adjustably holds a wire
support for a mantle of the Welsbach type which rests over the upper part of
the body portion and the gauze cap.
In operation, oil admitted through the supply pipe, passes upwardly through
one of the vertical passages to the connecting tube at its upper end, and, whilst
passing through the same, it becomes heated-in the first instance by means of
a bye-pass and converted into gas, which passes down the other passage to
the nozzle which is fitted with a centrally perforated cap which is preferably of
hexagonal form to adapt it to be readily removed and adjusted by means of a
spanner. From the nozzle the gas is projected upwardly into the mixing cham-
ber, drawing with it a proportion of air. The combined air and gas ignites
beneath the gauze cap and is projected by the spreader onto the connecting tube,
heating it to a sufficient extent to produce enough gas to produce complete
incandescence of the mantle.
D1
041
£ Tonno 1800
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incandescent Vapour or Gas Burners.
I, PERCY RICHARD JULIUS WILLIS, of Fairfield, Kingston-on-Thames, in the
County of Surrey, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention (a communication to me from abroad by Alfred Arden Arnott, Inventor,
of Topeka, Kansas, and William Anthony Granville, Professor, of New Haven,
Connecticut, both of U.S.A.) and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement;
This invention relates to hydro-carbon lamps and its objects are, first, to pro-
duce a lamp of this character in which the supply tube is cast integral with the
burner, in order to obviate a joint at the point of connection, which has been.
found in practice in other lamps of this character, after a short service, to cause.
the lamp to assume a position other than the perpendicular in order to screw it
sufficiently tight, upon the pipe to prevent leaking, and as the burner is ordi-

page_text: narily provided with a chimney, it is obvious that the lamp is rendered useless
in such connection.
Second: To produce a cheap and serviceable burner by employing a vap-
ourizing tube or coil which describes almost a circle, but which may be more or
less extended that is to say may describe a smaller segment of a circle, or more
than a circle; the segment shewn however being preferred, as it has been found
in practice that it is of sufficient length to fully vapourize the oil passing through.
Third: To provide a lamp of this character wherein the mixing tube or
extension is cast integral with the burner.
Fourth: To provide a wire gauze tip or cap provided with a flame spreader
which extends both above and below the cap or tip.
Fifth To provide a removable cap or nozzle, through which the gas is dis-
charged up into the mixing chamber, and dispense with the valves to control
this discharge; it having been found in practice that the valve that is usually
located at this point is a useless adjunct, and affords simply an extra joint
through which the oil or gas may in time leak or escape.
:
Sixth To provide a sectional casement of ornamental appearance, and
serviceable in that it prevents a draught from interfering with the discharge of
gas or vapour into the mixing chamber, and consequently ensures a perfect flame
whether burning in or out of doors.
With this object in view, the invention consists in certain novel and peculiar
features of construction and combination of parts, as will be hereinafter described
and claimed.
. In order that the invention may be fully understood I will proceed to describe
it with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-
Figure 1 represents a vertical central section of a burner constructed in accord-
ance with my invention, as used in connection with a mantle of the Welsbach
type. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the burner. Fig. 3 is a section of the burner
taken on the line 111-111 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a section of the burner taken on
the line IV-IV of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a side view of the burner casement.
In the said drawings, 1. designates the body-portion of the burner. It is of
the customary circular form, and is provided with the depending mixing
chamber. tube 2, which preferably is cast as an integral extension of the body-
portion, so as to obviate a joint between the two.
At one side the body portion is also provided with an extension 3, cast
integral with the extension 2, but not reaching from the coil quite to its lowest
end, preferably, and provided with a vertical passage 4, which communicates
with the passage of the supply pipe 5, at one side of the latter, as shewn most
clearly by the relative positions of the parts in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, and for a pur-
pose which will be presently explained.
The supply pipe 5 is cast integral with the burner, as shewn clearly in Fig. 1.
for the purpose hereinbefore explained, and it is provided at its opposite end
with thread 6, whereby it may be screwed easily and quickly into the cock 7,
this cock being mounted upon a tube leading from the oil supply (not shewn)
or from the gas supply if it be desired to use it in connection with manufactured
or. natural gas.
Cast integral with and depending vertically from the extension 3 is a stem 8,
provided with a vertical channel or passage 9, which is parallel with the pas-
sage 4, and continues through the horizontal arm or foot portion 10, of the stem 8,
said foot portion projecting radially of the burner.
At a point axially below the burner is the vertical continuation (see Fig. 1)
of the passage 9, which extends upwardly through the threaded boss 11, cast
integral with the arm or foot portion 10, and screwed down upon said boss is
a gas cap or nozzle 12 said gas cap or nozzle being formed with a rounded top and
hexagonal body (see Figs. 2 and 4) for convenient engagement with a wrench,
and with a central opening registering with the passage in the threaded boss 11
which tapers. to the extremely fine orifice 13, through which the gas or vapour

page_text: is discharged under pressure up into the mixing chamber, so as to draw with it
therein air in sufficient quantity to insure a perfect combustion at the burner
cap.
If desired, instead of employing the cap 12 I may drill up through the bottom
of the arm or foot portion 10, so as to provide the boss 11, with the gas discharge
orifice, and in this case said boss should not be threaded, of course.
The opening of the burner at its upper end is enlarged so as to provide the
annular horizontal shoulder 14, and the thin encircling flange or wall 15; the
shoulder 14 is rimmed out, so as to provide the circular groove 10, in which is
'welded or otherwise secured the pipe or coil 17, the ends of which are very close
together, so as to complete a circle as nearly as possible, and depend vertically
downward, the end 18 communicating with the
sage 4, and the end 19 communicating with the upper end of passage 9. In
upper end of the pas-
this coil the oil is completely vapourized. As above stated, this coil may
describe a smaller segment of the same circle, or one may be caused to lap the
other one or more times, but in practice I prefer the construction shewn, as it
has been demonstrated that the oil is always thoroughly vapourized by the time
it reaches the outlet end 19 of said coil.
The shoulder 14 or coil 17 also forms a support for the wire-gauze burner
tip 20, and arranged vertically and centrally of said tip is an inverted conical
spreader, which extends both above and below said tube, and consists of the upper
portion 21 and the lower portion 22, the latter being provided with a threaded
stem 23, which extends up through the tip and into the upper portion 21.
This spreader thoroughly and efficiently deflects the flame of the burner tube
outwards, so that it will impinge upon the flange or wall 15 which serves as a
quick and reliable conductor of heat to the vapourizing coil, in order that the
vapourization of the oil may be thorough as described.
The burner is provided with a cylindrical casement, which at the same time,
as herein before stated, serves as an ornament and protector for the burner.
This casement or shield consists of an upper member 24, provided with an
opening 25 near its lower end, to encircle. the supply pipe 5 and has also oppo-
sitely projecting pins 26.
It is also split vertically from the opening 25 to its upper edge, and is of such
metal that the split edges may be sprung apart in order that it may be easily and
quickly slipped into place around the burner and upon the supply pipe, and a
lower member 27, which is provided with right angled slots 28, in its upper
edges and opposite sides to engage the pins: said pins and slots having what
is known as a "bayonet joint" connection, which can be made or broken easily
and quickly: It will thus be seen that the lower member can be moved easily
if necessary to get at the gas cap or nozzle nut and may be easily replaced.
29 designates what is known as the gallery or chimney support. It is of skeleton
form, and rests upon an external shoulder of the burner in the customary
manner, and 30 designates the chimney thereon, the chimney is maintained in
the requisite position by means of a series of vertical rods 31, usually three in
number, which are secured at their lower ends to the brackets or arms 32 pro-
jecting from the gallery and at their upper ends to the band 33, which encircles
the globe at a suitable height.
34 designates a vertical sleeve, provided with a set-screw 35, which impinges
upon a rod 36, extending adjustably through said sleeve, and supporting in the
customary manner the mantle 37, of Welsbach type, which under the flame from
the burner becomes incandescent, and produces a beautiful white light; the
lower end of the mantle embracing the upper part of the burner and gallery as
shewn.
In practice, when used with hydro-carbon oil, the burner is first heated to a
degree sufficient to vapourize the oil, and the latter is then permitted, by the
proper manipulation of the valve or cock 7, to pass to the burner, and by the
time it passes in a thin stream up through the passage 4 and coil 17, it is com-

page_text: pletely vapourized and passes in the form of a gas down through the passage
and is discharged up through the passage 11 and orifice 13 into the mixing cham-
ber 2, drawing up with it sufficient air to produce a highly inflammable gas,
which, as it begins to escape through the burner tube, is ignited, and in a moment
or two heats the mantle to incandescence in the customary manner.
When the oil supply is cut off the flame of the burner is extinguished and
the light goes out.
It will be noticed by reference to Figs. 2, 3, and 4 in particular, that by caus-
ing the passage 4 to intersect with the supply pipe at one side of the latter, the
companion passage 9 may be formed very close to said passage 4, and conse-
quently the coil 17, having its ends communicating with said passage, describes
almost a full circle.
From the above description it will be apparent that I have produced a hydro-
carbon burner which embodies the features of advantage enumerated and
described in the statement of invention, and it is to be understood, of course,
that such changes as fairly fall within the scope of the invention, I reserve
the right to make.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
(1) An incandescent vapour lamp, comprising a circular body-portion, a
vapourizing coil, a mixing chamber, a gas-discharge orifice, a passage connect-
ing the vapourizing coil with said orifice, a supply pipe cast integral with the
burner, and a passage connecting said supply pipe with the other end of the
vapourizing coil, substantially as described.
(2) An incandescent vapour lamp, provided with an integrally formed mixing
chamber, and integral supply pipe, one mixing coil, a passage connecting one
end of said coil with the supply pipe, a discharge orifice, and a passage connect-
ing said discharge orifice with the other end of said coil, substantially as described.
(3) In an incandescent vapour lamp, a burner tip provided with a conical
inverted deflector extending both above and below said tip, substantially as
described.
(4) In an incandescent vapour lamp, a body-portion provided with an integral
supply pipe, a mixing chamber, a vapourizing coil, a passage connecting one
end of said coil with the supply pipe, a stem depending from the body-portion,
and provided with an arm or foot below the mixing-chamber, and provided with
a passage connected with the other end of said vapourizing coil, and with a boss
through which said passage extends, and a cap nut provided with a vapour jet
orifice vertically below the mixing chamber, and registering with said boss,
substantially as described.
(5) An incandescent vapour lamp, provided with a shield or casement, con-
sisting of an upper portion clasped around the burner and the lower portion
detachably connected to the upper portion, and encircling the lower end of the
mixing chamber, and the vapour jet orifice of the burner substantially as
described.
(6) An incandescent vapour lamp, provided with an integrally formed mixing
chamber and a supply pipe, a vapourizing coil, a passage connected with the
vapourizing coil and supply pipe, a stem having a passage connected to the
other end of the vapourizing coil, and provided with a foot portion through which
said passage extends, a vapour-jet orifice or cap nut upon said portion, a burner
tip provided with a flame deflector or spreader extending above and below the
tip, a gallery upon the burner, a mantle embracing the upper part of the burner
and gallery, a chimney upon the gallery, and rods maintaining the chimney in
position, substantially as described.
(7) An incandescent vapour lamp, provided with a groove, and a wall sur-
rounding and projecting above the same, a vapourizing tube 17, fitting in said

page_text: groove, a passage communicating with the oil supply and one end of the vap-
ourizing tube, a mixing chamber surrounded by said groove, a vapour passage
connected to the opposite end of said tube and arranged to discharge gas into
the mixing chamber, and a burner cap surrounded by said wall and resting upon
said tube, substantially as described.