AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OR ARRANGEMENT OF SPRINGS FOR CARRIAGES
Year: 1836

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BOULNOIS the younger, of Gower Street, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire,
send greeting.
+
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Thirtieth day of January, in the sixth year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Boulnois the younger; His especial licence, full power;
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William Boulnois the younger,
my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Boulnois, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any agree. with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times hereafter during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OR ARRANGEMENT OF SPRINGS FOR
CARRIAGES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I,
the said William Boulnois, shall cause a particular description of the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Létters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will.
more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
I, the said William Boulnois, do hereby declare-the nature of my Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had
to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon (that is to say):--
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows four springs combined according to my Invention; Figure 2,
an end view of Figure 1; and Figure 3 shows the plan of certain blocks here-
after described, by which the springs are attached to a carriage. a, b, are two
ordinary bent springs which, if combined in the usual manner, would only have
elastic play up and down, but by the application of part of my improved
combination these springs are also capable of lateral movement, which is
accomplished in the following manner:-c, c, are two blocks, one affixed to the
proper part of the carriage, the other to the axle; and d, d, are two blocks
affixed to the springs a, b, as is clearly shown in the Drawing. e, e, are two
pins or axes which combine the blocks c and d, and allow of such blocks
having a rocking motion, and thus permit of lateral movement to the springs a
and: b. This lateral action may also be obtained in other ways, thus:-
ff, are small axes affixed to the outer end of the spring 6, 6, and 9,.g, are
straps or collars which receive the axes f, f, and those axes work within such
straps or collars which form proper bearings for the axes f, f, the straps or
collars g, g, being affixed to the spring a, a, as is clearly shown in the Drawing.
h and i are a pair of springs combined in like manner to the springs: a and b,
that is, having the capability of moving laterally; but these springs h and i,
have an elasticity in an opposite direction to the springs a and b, as is indicated
by the arrows, the black arrows indicating the direction of the pull-of the
springs h, i, and the red arrows indicate the direction. of the elasticity of the
springs a and b. The object of thus loading the springs a and b by the
elastic force of the springs h, i, is to render the whole more easy when the
carriage to which such improved combination of springs are applied has, a light
load; and it should be stated that when the carriage has a heavy load, then the
springs h, i, being pressed inwards to a position when they will no longer act
as a load on the springs a and b, but will assume the position from which they
have been drawn in the first instance by affixing them to the springs:a, b),
and then the springs h, i, become resisting springs to assist the springs a and b
in sustaining the load in the carriage.
Having thus explained the nature of my Invention, I would remark that it

page_text: will be evident that it is not essentially necessary that the whole combination
of springs should be at all times used together, as my Invention may in some
instances be usefully employed by separately employing the lateral motion
above described without the loading springs h, i; and the loading springs h, i,
may be used as part of my improved combination, distinct from the part of the
combination by which springs like a, b, obtain a lateral movement as well as
their natural elastic movement up and down; but I prefer the combination
to be used entire; and further, it is not necessary that the two springs a and b
should be used when combined with the means of obtaining lateral motion
and the other object of my Invention, but to some carriages only one spring,
a or b, may be used; and I would remark that I lay no claim to the parts
separately, they being well known, and in some instances the springs a and b
need not have the parts f, f, and g, g, but only obtain their lateral movement
by the blocks above described, whilst in others, the parts ƒ and g may be
retained and the blocks dispensed with. But what I claim as my Invention of
an improved combination of springs, is the giving them a lateral motion
according to the principle herein described, and also the using of the loading
springs h and i, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Boulnois, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.