IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN.
Year: 1877

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Gustavus Adolphus John Schott, of Bradford, in the
County of York, Spinner, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED
THEREIN.
"
Sealed the 6th October 1877, in pursuance of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, and
1
Sealed the 6th October 1877, in pursuance of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, and
dated the 10th March 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustavus Adolphus John
Schott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March
1877.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS JOHN SCHOTT, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Spinner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND
IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN."
My Invention relates to the production of yarns or threads consisting of a con-
tinuous ground yarn or yarns with which is or are twisted one or more threads of
yarn, which I term the top yarn or yarns, in such a manner that the combined
twist continues a greater length of the top yarn than of the bottom yarn, the con-
sequence being that the top yarn is wound or twisted round the ground yarn.
In order to more firmly attach the top yarn to the ground yarn, so as to prevent
the top yarn from shifting or being loose upon the ground yarn, I twist or wind
another thread round the combined top and ground yarn for the purpose of the more
firmly binding the two together.
The peculiar effect or novelty of my yarn is owing to the top yarn not being
ordinary yarns of the average thickness or evenness, but consisting of a succession
of thick and thin places, which effect is produced in the roving or spinning of the
yarn, and owing to this uneven nature of the yarn the twist which the yarn
receives in the process of spinning runs all into the thin places, leaving the thicker
places very soft. I produce this unevenness by changing the ordinary and regular
inotion or revolutions of the back rollers of the roving or spinning frame into an
alternately acculated and diminished motion, or into an intermittent motion, that
is to say, I cause the said back rollers to revolve and stand at regular intervals by
means of a ratchet wheel or other equivalent gearing.

page_text: The unevenness may also be produced by cutting the surface of the top or bottom
rollers of the front drawing or delivery rollers of the roving or spinning frame in
such a manner as not to grip or take hold of the yarn at the places which have
been cut, the consequence being that the drawing action of the rollers is suspended
at the cut places, and an uneven yarn is produced, the unevenness being made more
apparent by the twist running into the thin places and leaving the thick places soft,
as before explained.
When I have obtained the uneven top yarn, as explained, I twist it, together
with the ground yarn with the unequal delivery, as before explained, and I employ
for this purpose not an ordinary twisting frame, but the twisting frame patented
by me, dated January 31st, 1867, No. 262, by which I am enabled to twist together
the ground and top yarns in such a manner that the thick and soft places of the top
yarn form soft and prominent spots or tufts upon the ground yarn, having the
appearance of soft tufts of wool, and upon this combined yarn or twist being woven
or otherwise manufactured into stuffs a novel effect is produced.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Gustavus Adolphus John Schott in the Great Seal Patent Offico
on the 8th October 1877.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS JOHN SCHOTT, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Spinner "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN
THE APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN."
My Invention relates to the production of yarns or threads consisting of a con-
tinuous ground yarn or yarns with which is or are twisted one or more threads of
yarn, which I term the top yarn or yarns, in such a manner that the combined twist
contains a greater length of the top yarn than of the bottom yarn, the consequence
being that the top yarn is wound or twisted round the ground or bottom yarn.
In order to more firmly attach the top yarn to the ground yarn, so as to prevent
the top yarn from shifting or being loose upon the ground yarn, I twist or wind another
thread round the combined top and ground yarn for the purpose of the more firmly
binding the two together.
The peculiar effect or novelty of my yarn is owing to the top yarn not being
ordinary yarns of the average thickness or evenness, but consisting of a succession
of thick and thin places, which effect is produced in the roving or spinning of the
yarn, and owing to this uneven nature of the yarn the twist which the yarn receives
in the process of spinning runs chiefly into the thin places, leaving the thicker places
very soft.
For the sake of conciseness and clearness of description, I shall hereafter refer to
"slub
this uneven yarn, which is the most essential part of my Invention, as
yarn,"
terming the thick and soft part of it "slubs," and the smaller harder twisted parts
of it between the slubs, that is to say, connecting each slub with the next slub
spaces." I produce this unevenness by changing the ordinary and regular motion
or revolutions of the back rollers of the roving or spinning frame into an alternately
accelerated and diminished motion, or into an intermittent motion, that is to say, I
cause the said back rollers to revolve and stand at regular intervals by means of a
ratchet or catch wheel, or other equivalent gearing.
The unevenness may also be produced by cutting the surface of the top or bottom
rollers of the front drawing or delivery rollers of the roving or spinning frame in
such a manner as not to grip or take hold of the yarn at the places which have been
cut, the consequence being that the drawing action of the rollers is suspended at
the cut places. and an uneven yarn is produced, the unevenness being made more
apparent by the twist running into the thin places and leaving the thick places soft,
us before explained. Of these three ways of producing the slub yarn I find the first

page_text: way to be the most practicable and reliable, and I have therefore adopted it by
preference for the further illustration of the production of the slub yarn by means
of the accompanying Drawings.
When I have obtained the uneven top yarn, as explained, I twist it, together with
5 the ground yarn with unequal delivery, as before explained, and I employ for this
purpose not an ordinary twisting frame, but the twisting frame patented by ine
dated January 31st, 1867, No. 262, by which I am enabled to twist together the
ground and top yarns in such a manner that the thick and soft places of the top
yarn form soft and prominent spots or tufts upon the ground yarn having the
appearance of soft tufts of wool or other material, and upon this combined yarn
or twist being woven or otherwise manufactured into stuffs a novel effect is
produced.
As I have fully described in the Specification of my Patent No. 262, dated 31st
January, 1867, the means adopted by me for twisting together the ground or bottom
yarn and the top yarn with unequal delivery, I need not here describe this arrange-
ment at length. As, however, the essential point in twisting together the ground
yarn and top yarn in order to form the combination afore described is merely that
the combined twist shall contain a less length of the ground yarn than of the top
yarn; this may be done upon any twisting machine, allowing of the unequal delivery
of such ground yarn and top yarn.
Whereas novel effects may be obtained by using the slub yarn by itself in the
manufacture of textile fabrics or stuffs without it being provionsly twisted or com-
bined with other yarns or threads in the manner afore described, or as it may be
used in combination with yarns or threads in different manner from that afore
described, I wish it to be understood that what I claim as my Invention is not solely
the combination of the slub yarn twisted as top yarn, with a continuous ground
yarn upon which the slubs of the slub yarn form soft and prominent spots or tufts
as afore described, but the application and use of the slub yarn in the manufacture
of textile fabrics or stuffs, either by itself or in combination with other threads
or yarns irrespective of the manner in which such combination may be brought
about.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
In order that my Invention may be the better understood, reference is made to
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and the letters and figures marked thereon.
Figure IV. shows the relative positions of the delivery and drawing rollers upon
an ordinary spinning or roving frame; m and m² are the back pair of delivery
rollers, m being the bottom roller, A the bottom roller shaft, and m³ the top roller;
n and n' are the front pair of rollers, n being the bottom, and n¹ the top roller. The
rollers in the ordinary process of spinning revolve in the direction of the arrows by
means of suitable gearing, the back rollers m and m³ revolving slower and thereby
delivering a less length of yarn than the front rollers n and n¹, the consequence
being that the yarn is drawn longer between the back and front rollers; and on
issuing from the front rollers n and n¹ is twisted by the revolutions of the spindle o
and wound upon the bobbin p in the ordinary manner. m and part of m¹ are
drawn in dotted lines, to indicate that they are shut out from sight by the toothed
driving wheel D, which is mounted upon the back roller shaft A, and being turned
in the direction of the arrows by other toothed gearing is the means of turning the
back roller shaft A and the back bottom rollers in the same direction. In the
ordinary process of spinning the revolution of the toothed wheel D, and consequently
of the back bottom rollers, upon the shaft A of which the wheel D is fastened,
proceeds at a uniform speed, but for the purpose of producing the slub yarn I change
this uniform revolution of the back rollers into a revolution or motion alternately
increased and diminished in speed, which I bring about in the following manner :-
I leave the toothed driving wheel D in the position in which it is shewn, mounted
upon the bottom roller shaft A, in Fig. IV., but I sever the connection between it
and the back roller shaft A in such a manner that it is not fastened upon the shaft A,

page_text: but at liberty to revolve round or pivot upon it, the consequence being that when
the wheel D is revolving in the ordinary manner it will not carry round with it the
shaft A and the bottom rollers m, but leave them at rest and pivot upon the shaft A
as its centre. I further mount and fasten upon the bottom roller shaft A, close to
the toothed wheel D, a catch wheel B, Figures I. and III., in such a manner as
to be acted upon by the catches h¹, h, h, and he, fixed to the wheel D, as shewn in
Figure I. These catches being fixed or fastened to the wheel D, and held in position
upon the catch wheel B by springs (not shown in the diagram), when the wheel D
is revolving in the ordinary uniform manner in the direction of the arrows, will act
upon and cause to revolve along with them and the wheel D, the catch wheel B,
and this being fastened upon the bottom roller shaft A, as before mentioned, also the
bottom rollers m.
I further mount and fasten upon the bottom roller shaft A, either at the end
where the catch wheel B and the toothed wheel D are mounted, or at the opposite
end another catch wheel C, Figures II. and III., together with a lover K pivotting
upon the. shaft A, and provided with a catch i fixed to the lever K in such a
manner as to act upon and push round the catch wheel C on the lever K being
lifted up by the revolution of the eccentric E with which the lever K is connected
by means of the eccentric strap and arm 7, as shewn in Figure II. The eccentric E
is mounted, together with a toothed wheel F, upon a socket turning upon a stud
fastened to the frame side, and is caused to revolve by suitable gearing connecting
the wheel F with the main driving or cylinder shaft of the spinning or roving
frame.
It will readily be understood from this description of parts that when the wheel D
is set in motion it will cause the back bottom rollers m to revolve in a uniform and
continuous manner, and when the eccentric E is set in motion it will cause the
rollers m to revolve in an intermittent inanner, that is to say, they will be set in
motion with every upstroke of the eccentric E and lever K by the catch i acting
upon and turning catch wheel C, and they will stop with every down stroke of the
eccentric E and lever K by the catch i, and acting upon but slipping over the teeth
of the catch wheel C. When however both the wheels D and the eccentric E are
set in motion at the same time, D being geared so as to revolve slowly, and E so as
to revolve considerably quicker than D, the result is that the back bottom rollers m,
and through them the top rollers m', will revolve continuously, but at varying
speed, namely, at an accelerated speed when impelled by the action of the eccentric E,
and at a comparatively slow speed when acted upon by the revolution of the wheel D
during the period in which they would be at rest if they were connected solely with
the eccentric E. The back rollers m and m¹ will thus deliver the roving to be
drawn and spun into yarn by the front rollers n and n¹ unequally, whilst m and m¹
are slowly turned by the action of wheel D, they will just deliver the normal length
of roving which the front rollers n and n¹ are capable of taking up, drawing out,
and thus spinning into yarn; but when m and m² are quickly impelled by the action
of the eccentric E a greater length of roving is suddenly delivered than the uniformly
and regularly revolving front rollers n and n¹ can take up and draw out, and a thick
place is thus left and passed through the front rollers, as a consequence of every
accelerated motion of the back rollers m and m¹, and on this uneven yarn issuing
from the front rollers n and n¹, and being twisted by the revolutions of the spindle o,
the twist run naturally more into the thin than into the thick places, leaving the
latter soft. The length of the slubs and spaces of the slub yarn can be regulated
and varied in accordance with the frequency and length of stroke with which the
eccentric E is made to act. Instead of an eccentric, a tappet or cam plate, or other
equivalent motion may be employed, and the roving to be spun into slub yarn may
be composed of two or more rovings of different colours, thus giving a desirable
variety of effects.
Having thus fully set forth the nature of my said Invention, and described the
manner in which the same is performed or carried into practical operation, I would
have it understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details as herein set

page_text: forth and illustrated by the Drawings, but I wish it to be clearly understood that
what I claim as my Invention is,-
Firstly. The application and use of the uneven yarn composed of alternately thick
and thinner places described by me herein and termed slub yarn.
Secondly. The means or apparatus herein shewn and described for producing such
yarn, or any modification thereof, by means of which a yarn or thread composed of
alternately thin and thick places is produced.
Thirdly. The forming the combined twist, consisting of a continuous ground yarn
with which is twisted the slub yarn, in such a manner that the soft thick places or
slubs of the slub yarn form soft and prominent spots or tufts of wool, silk, cotton,
or whatever other material the slub yarn may consist of, upon the ground yarn by
means of my improved twisting frame, as herein-before described.
Fourthly. The method and means of preparing such combined twist by delivering
and twisting together upon the twisting machine a greater length of the top or slub
yarn with a shorter length of the ground yarn, by means of two sets of delivery
rollers geared at different speeds, or other equivalent apparatus.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustavus Adolphus John Schott, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.