AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR DEPHOSPHORATING AND PRO- DUCING FUSED STEEL OR FUSED IRON IN LARGE QUANTITIES FROM CRUDE IRON CONTAINING PHOSPHOROUS, AND IMPROVED APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Carl Glasor, of 92, Lindenstrasse, Berlin, in the
Kingdom of Prussia, and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR DEPHOSPHORATING AND PRO-
DUCING FUSED STEEL OR FUSED IRON IN LARGE QUANTITIES FROM CRUDE
IRON CONTAINING PHOSPHOROUS, AND IMPROVED APPARATUS IN CONNECTION
THEREWITH." A communication from Franz Würtenberger, of Ruhrort, in the
German Empire.
Sealed the 28th November 1879, and dated the 6th June 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Carl Glaser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th June 1879.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of 92, Lindenstrasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS
FOR DEPHOSPHORATING AND PRODUCING FUSED STEEL OR FUSED IRON IN LARGE
QUANTITIES FROM CRUDE IRON CONTAINING PHOSPHOROUS, AND IMPROVED
APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH." A communication from Franz Würten-
berger, of Ruhrort, in the German Empire.
This Invention relates to a novelty in the production in a gas regenerating
furnace of large quantities of molten iron or molten steel from crude phosphor-
containing iron by means of a dephosphorizing process, which is effected in the
interior of the metal bath by the introduction therein by blast of finely pulverised
reagents.
The process has for object the production of large quantities of molten steel or
molten iron from phosphor-containing white mixed (halved), or also grey descriptions
or kinds of crude iron, in a gas regenerating furnace.
For this purpose the crude iron to be treated is melted in the gas regenerating
furnace in quantities of from 5,000 to 10,000 kg. and upwards, the decarbonisation
and dephosphorisation being so effected that ly means of several specially con-
structed apparatus let into and opening on to the sole or base of the metal bath,
compressed air and with the same finely pulverised oxydising and scorifying
reagents, are introduced by means of a blast into the phosphorous in the interior of

page_text: the metal bath. Such reagents are finely pulverised oxides of iron, oxides of man-
ganese, or a mixture of the same with lime or magnesia, and the sole and walls of
the furnace which come in contact with the metal are constructed of a material
containing but very little silicic acid.
This material does not, however, react on the metal bath, but rather serves the
purpose of better preservation, and the sole or base is either not at all attacked, or
attacked to the least possible extent. The extraction of the phosphorous is only
effected by the introduction of the reagents into the interior of the metal.
Such an air and reagent blast apparatus for introducing the air and means for
dephosphorisation into the metal bath consists, substantially as represented in the
accompanying Drawing, of three parts well fastened together by flanges; 1, the
handle; 2, the cast iron intermediate part, being the distributing or injecting part;
and 3, the wrought iron pipe enveloped in refractory material, which is carried into
the furnace and down into the metal.
The cast iron distributing or injecting piece has 4 flanges, the two side flanges
serving to attach it to the handle and to the blast pipe leading into the furnace.
The upper and lower flanges, by means of easily connected india-rubber parts,
allow of the connection with the holder of the reagents in the upper portion of this
intermediate part, as also with the common conduit for air lying under the smelting
hearth.
The holders of the reagents are either fixed to the roof frame or to a suitable
scaffolding. A small air conduit connects the upper portion of the same with the
intermediate part (injection piece); the holders are closed at top by a cover, and
underneath by means of a cock. This intermediate or injection part is, in addition,
so arranged that either air by itself can be blown into the metal, or by means of
such air the reagents also. The latter can be blown in either in a continuous stream
or intermittently.
The blast is reg: ated by 3 cocks, which are worked by a lever connection
common to them all.
This intermediate piece may also be constructed and carried out in a manner
different to that shewn in the Drawing; for example, in a manner similar to the
ordinary injectors.
The wrought iron tube enveloped in refractory material, and which leads into the
furnace, is directed downwards on to the sole of the furnace by means of a rect-
angular bend formed on the same, and has at its end a mouth piece, through one or
inore small openings in which the air and reagents pass into the metal bath.
When this tube is worn out it can be easily replaced by a spare piece.
By means of a simple contrivance the apparatus may be attached to the frame of
the furnace door, in addition to which it is fastened to an upper gangway, equipoised,
and therefore easy and convenient to manage.
The process for the decarbonisation and dephosphorisation is so carried out that
at the commencement, through the introduction of the air an unfettling, and with it
also a partial decarbonization, is effected; the resulting slag is then carefully with-
drawn, and thereupon the dephosphorization and thorough decarbonisation is effected
by the introduction of the finely pulverised re-agents.
By an addition of specular iron ("spiegeleisen ") or of ferro manganese, the desired
quality of fused steel or fused iron is obtained. Scrap steel or iron may be added
to the crude iron or steel bath in such quantities as may be deemed fit.
If the crude iron used is sufficiently free from phosphorous, then molten steel and
molten iron can be produced in large quantities in the gas regenerating furnace from
white (halved), or also from grey crude iron, by the mere introduction of air by
means of several such apparatus.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Friedrich Carl Glaser in the Great Soal Patent Office on the 2nd December
1879.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of 92, Lindenstrasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR
DEPHOSPHORATING AND PRODUCING FUSED STEEL OR FUSED IRON IN LARGE
QUANTITIES FROM CRUDE IRON CONTAINING PHOSPHOROUS, AND IMPROVED
APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH." A communication from Franz Würten-
berger, of Ruhrort, in the German Empire.
This Invention relates to a novelty in the production of large quantities of fluid
steel or fluid iron in the reverberatory or gas generating furnace from crude iron
containing a variable amount of phosphorous by means of the blowing in to the
interior of the metal bath of finely pulverized reagents, by a separate specially
constructed tuyère or twyer apparatus leading into the metal bath.
In the case of crude iron sufficiently free from phosphorous air only is blown into
the metal bath; in the case of crude iron containing much phosphorous a dephos-
phorizing process is employed, in which the elimination of the phosphorous is so
carried out that by means of air or other media (steam, etc.) finely pulverized
reagents, which oxidate and scorify the phosphorous, are blown into the metal
bath.
Such reagents are iron and oxide of manganese, or a mixture of the same with
lime and magnesia, etc.
The process has for object the production of fluid iron and fluid steel from white
and halved or even grey crude iron. The crude iron in question, to which steel or
iron scrap may be added proportionately, is melted in the reverberatory or regene-
rating furnace in quantities up to 10,000 kilogrammes and upwards; the tuyère
apparatus, which debouch on to the sole or more towards the interior of the metal
bath, are now brought into the metal bath, and air is blown in either in a long
continuous blast or at separate intervals.
In the case of crude iron sufficiently free from phosphorous, purification and
perfect decarbonisation is effected by means of the continuous introduction of air.
In the case of crude iron containing much phosphorous, the complete decarbonisation
and separation of the phosphorous is effected by means of the introduction by blast
of the finely pulverized reagents after the desilication or taking out of the silica,
and partial decarbonisation has been brought about by the introduction of air. As
is known, the elimination of the phosphorous may also take place by continuous
introduction of air over the decarbonisation (over blast), for which purpose this
tuyère apparatus is a very suitable instrument. In this case however a considerable
loss of metal takes place (through oxidation), besides which a large quantity of
ferro-manganese is required for the separation of this oxide and the production of
a good quality, which drawback in the case of dephosphorization by means of the
reagents is diminished.
The decarbonised and dephosphorated metal is converted into the desired quality
of steel or fluid-iron by the addition of spiegeleisen or ferro-manganese.
The fireproof material of the furnace, as at the tuyère apparatus, is, in the case of
the employment of crude-iron, free from phosphorous, the ordinary silicious fire
proof material. On carrying out the dephosphoration or dephosphorization the sole
and walls of the furnace, as well as the fire proof material of the tuyère apparatus,
are set up with a material containing a little silicic acid. This material however
should not react on the metal bath, and also be not gripped at all, or as little as
possible by it.
With respect to the constitution of the slag it is only necessary to state that
before the commencement of the dephosphorization, the slag at hand rich in silica

page_text: inust be removed as far as possible, and that similarly after the process of dephos-
phorization and before the introduction of the ferro-manganese, the formed slag
containing phosphorous must be removed and replaced by suitable slag. For
carrying out the process (that is to say), for blowing in air (as also reagents), the
specially constructed tuyère apparatus is employed, the general arrangement and
details of which are represented in the accompanying 2 Sheets of Drawing, and are
hereinafter more particularly described.
As may be seen in the Drawings, this apparatus consists of three wrought iron
tubes enveloped in good fire proof material, which carry at the end bent to a right
or an oblique angle dipping into the metal bath a tuyère fitted up with some fire-
proof material. At the other end the same are screwed into a cast or wrought iron
joining or reception piece. These joining-pieces press into tightened up supports
corresponding exactly to them, and provided in the cast iron general distributing
part, and are attached by means of keys, so that they form with this part a fixed
whole, collectively directed by means of two handles. The fixing of the tube in
the joining piece, as well as in the distributing part, may also be effected by other
simple methods. In the Drawing 3 tubes are shown, but two more such tubes may
be grouped together for one apparatus, or one tube only of larger diameter may be
employed, the tuyère of which will be provided with air orifices corresponding in
number and size to this diameter.
The tuyères of the smaller tubes have either only one larger air orifice (in
diameter about from 15 to 30 millimetres), which is preferable for blowing in the
reagents, or they have several smaller air orifices (in the Drawing 3 aro shewn).
The tuyères may in cross section be of circular or other form, as, for instance,
rectangular, in which case the air orifices are correspondingly arranged to suit this
form. The tuyères dip either up to C in the middle, or on to the sole of the inetal
bath, and for this purpose suitable air pressure must be divided.
The separate tuyère tubes may, as is shown, be easily and conveniently set in
the distributing part and exchanged; in a similar way the tuyère at the end
of the tube is attached in a simple manner, and may be renewed without dis-
turbing the fire-proof covering.
The cast iron distributing part distributes the air of the general air conduit into
the separate tubes grouped in the apparatus. In front of this distributing part
there is a short tube, which is in connection with the reagent-holder by means of n
branch tube, from which holder the finely pulverized reagents are conveyed, their
passage being regulated by a cock. The air-passage is connected with the apparatus
in the manner shown in the Drawing by means of a tube, which at the end part of
the air passage turns on a pivot; in this tube there is another tube, adjustable with
a tube provided with a ball and socket joint, and carrying a ring or strap at its end,
which (on bringing the apparatus into the furnace) encircles the curved part at the
end of the apparatus, and brings the same into firm connection with the ball and
socket joint. On the depression of the apparatus the ball and socket joint and the
adjustable and turning tube follow the movement of the apparatus.
The connection of the apparatus with the air passage may also be carried out in
any other suitable manner.
For operating the apparatus two handles are provided, which are screwed in to
both sides of the distributing part. At the ends of the handles is an eye, through
which is passed a round rod or bolt (the turning axis of the apparatus). This axis
is mounted in forked holders, which are screwed into the working plate or any part
of the furnace and held fast by a pin. This fixed turning point of the apparatus is
a very advantageous arrangement, as by this means the manoeuvring of the appa-
ratus is very much facilitated. The turning point may also be provided in any
other simple manner.
The apparatus is transported either by means of an over heated travelling crane
or on small trucks, or by the workmen.
In carrying out the process from two to four, such apparatus, with corresponding
reserve or space apparatus, will be generally used, which are introduced into the

page_text: furnace through the doors arranged in the front long side of the furnace (the
apparatus may be easily carried into the metal bath out of the same or removed
from the furnace and introduced again as required, or replaced by reserve parts).
By the observation in the Provisional Specification that "steel or iron scrap may be
added in suitable quantity to the crude iron or steel bath" is meant, that with this
twyère apparatus, a process similar to the present "Martin" steel-process may be
carried out, and that the apparatus may be used as an auxiliary to the present
"Martin" process. For the latter object the apparatus will be very serviceable, as
it presents the advantage of, firstly, enabling the process itself (the decarbonisation)
to be much accelerated; secondly, a considerably higher daily product; and
thirdly, the employment therewith of a larger quantity of crude iron than is now.
customary.
"
In carrying out a process of dephosphorating or dephosphorization, this apparatus
and process allows of the use of phosphoric iron and steel materials, as for example,
old rails, etcetera.
The blowing in of the reagents for oxidising and scorifying the phosphorous may
also be employed for the dephosphorization of the crude iron, by allowing the
crude iron to flow away from the high furnace into a vessel to which several of
these apparatus are connected. After a corresponding duration of the blast, or of
the quantity of the reagents (iron oxides, etcetera) blown in, the crude iron is run
off from the vessel.
The process of dephosphorization may also find application in connection with
the "Bessemer" process in conveying by means of a ladle into a previously beated
regenerating furnace the charge of phosphoric crude iron blown by the blast to a
partial decarbonization and desilication in the ordinary "Bessemer" converter,
leaving the slag behind, and then carrying out the dephosphorization by means of
the apparatus described.
As previously mentioned, instead of compressed air the reagents may be blown
in by other media, as for example, steam or compressed gases.
On the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings, Figure 1. (Sheet I.) is a section
through the furnace and general arrangement of piping, and Figures 2 and 3,
sectional elevation and plan views of part of same. In Sheet II., Figs. 4 to 7 show
details drawn to a larger scale; Fig. 4 is a vertical section; Fig. 5, a plan view;
and Fig. 6 and 7, side and back views of parts corresponding to Fig. 5.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of the Invention communi-
cated to me as aforesaid, and in what mannor the same is or may be performed,―
I claim as secured to me by the bereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent,-
Firstly. The process of blowing air and finely pulverized reagents into the
interior of the metal bath by means of the above described separate tuyère apparatus
introduced into the metal bath for the purpose of effecting the dephosphorization
and production of large quantities of fluid steel or fluid iron from crude iron con-
taining varying quantities of phosphorous in the reverberatory or gas regenerating
furnace, substantially as herein before described.
Secondly. The use of the apparatus and process in connection with the present
Martin-steel-process" for the purpose of accelerating the process, increasing the
production, and the treatment of a larger quantity of crude iron, as also in con-
nection with the process of dephosphorization for the treatment of materials con-
taining phosphorous (old iron rails, etc.) and obtaining therefrom a product free from
phosphorous, substantially as hereinbefore specified.
Thirdly. The application of the process and apparatus for the dephosphorization
of the crude iron drawn off from a high furnace direct into a holder, substantially
as herein before specified.
Fourthly. The employment of the apparatus and process for the dephosphorization
of the "Bessemer-charge" blown in the ordinary "Bessemer" converter until
partially decarbonized and desilicated and transferred to a regenerating furnace, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore specified.

page_text: Fifthly. The separate specially constructed tuyère apparatus to be introduced
into the metal bath, the whole constructed and applied, substantially as and for
the purposes herein before set forth and shown on the accompanying Sheets of
Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Friedrich Carl Glaser, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty first day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.