Improvements in and relating to Churns.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 27th May, 1839
Complete Specification Left, 27th Feb., 1890-Accepted, 19th Apr., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Churns.
WILLIAM HOLDCROFT, George Street Pottery, Tunstall, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My invention relates to churns; and my said invention has for its object improve-
ments in the construction, and in the materials employed therein, whereby I am
enabled to produce a churn which will churn easily and quickly and can be kept clean
with very little trouble.
At
According to my invention 1 make the churn of earthenware and in the form of a
barrel, its plane of revolution being vertical, causing it to revolve end over end.
one end of the barrel I fix a tap to release the gas or steam and to draw off the
buttermilk. The other end has an opening large enough to admit the hand to remove
the butter, this opening is closed by a suitable cover, the joint being made by a
flexible ring. To hold the cover in its place and press it against the barrel to make
the joint tight, 1 employ a bridge of suitable material. This bridge has three
projections which fit into bayonet shaped slots formed in the end of the barrel. In
the centre of this bridge is a screwed hole in which 1 fit a screwed spindle provided
with a T head for turning it with. This spindle is screwed against the cover and
presses it against the end of the barrel. The barrel is held by two hoops which are
kept in their places by plates carrying the trunnions, the whole being supported by a
stand of iron or other suitable material.
Dated this 21th day of May 1880
BILLINGTON & NEWTON,
Potteries Patent Agency,
Longport, Staffordshire, Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Churns.
WILLIAM HOLDCROFT George Street Pottery Tunstall County of Staffordshire
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My Invention relates to churns and has for its object improvements in the
construction, and in the materials employed therein, whereby I am enabled to produce
a churn which will churn easily and quickly, and can be kept clean with very little
trouble.
According to my Invention I make the churn of earthenware and in the form of a
barrel its plane of revolution being vertical, causing it to revolve end over end.
At one end of the said barrel shaped churn I fix a tap to release the gas or steam,
and to draw off the butter milk. The other end has an opening large enough to admit
the hand to remove the butter, this opening is closed by a cover made of any suitable
material, the joint being made by a flexible ring. To hold the cover in its place
and press it against the barrel to make the joint tight I employ a bridge of metal,
wood or other suitable material and dimensions having three projections which fit
into bayonet shaped slots formed in the end of the barrel. In the centre of this
bridge is a screwed hole, into which I fit a screwed spindle provided with a T shaped
head for turning it with. This spindle is screwed against the cover and presses it
against the end of the barrel. The barrel is held by two or more hoops which are
kept in their respective places by plates of metal carrying the trunnions, which said

page_text: trunnions are caused to revolve in suitable bearings supported by a stand or frame-
work of metal, wood or other suitable material, by means of a handle attached to the
outer end of one of the said trunnions, or by a band passing around a pulley fixed on
one of the trunnions.
The hardest and best seasoned wood, no matter how thoroughly it is scrubbed and
scalded, barbours in its grain and pores, minute particles of sour milk and decomposing
fat, which give taint to all butter it comes in contact with. By my Invention
I produce a churn which is impervious to moisture and is very easily cleaned. There
are no beaters used, the inside of my improved churn is perfectly plain and has no
nooks or crannies where sour milk and butter can lodge, the outside surfaces of the
churn may be left quite plain, or decorated in any approved style.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The construction of barrel shaped churns from earthenware, having a plain internal
surface, and fitted with hoops of metal, wood or other suitable material on the outside
periphery which are attached to plates carrying trunnions, which trunnions revolve
in suitable bearings fixed to a framing or stand of metal, wood or other suitable
material, the said churns having vertical plane or path of revolution, being caused
to turn end over end (for the purpose of producing butter from milk which has been
previously placed therein) by means of a handle attached to the outer end of one of
the said trunnions, or by a band passing around a fixed pulley on same, as herein
substantially described and set forth.
Dated this 26th day of February 1890.
BILLINGTON & NEWTON,
Agents for Applicant.