Improvements in Arrangements and Mechanism or Apparatus Applicable to and to be Used in Connection with Lamps Generating Gas or Vapour for Lighting or Heating from Oils or Combustible Liquids, also Applicable to other Lamps.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 10th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 28th Sept., 1888
Improvements in Arrangements and Mechanism or Apparatus
Applicable to and to be Used in Connection with Lamps
Generating Gas or Vapour for Lighting or Heating from Oils
or Combustible Liquids, also Applicable to other Lamps.
We, ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK, of the firm of Henry Wallwork & Co., of Union
Bridge Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounders, and
ARTHUR COLLINGS WELLS, of Ogden Street, Manchester, aforesaid, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention, to be as follows:-
Letters Patent No. 15,382 and dated 22nd November A.D. 1884, were granted to
the said Roughsedge Wallwork for supplying oils to ordinary self generating gas or
vapour burners.
A Complete specification Numbered 15,328 A.D. 1886, has been filed by the said
Roughsedge Wallwork, for improvements in self generating gas or vapour burners
and in arrangements or apparatus for supplying the same with oils or combustible
liquids.
A Provisional Specification has been recorded with an application Numbered 3543,
A.D. 1887, by the present applicants, for improved arrangements for supplying oils
or combustible liquids to lamps having self generating gas or vapour burners,
applicable more particularly to portable lamps, that is, to such lamps as have to be, or
may be moved about from place to place where light is required.
In the last named Provisional Specification Numbered 3543 A.D. 1887, among
other means, air is described as an elastic medium for forcing the oil or combustible
liquid from the vessel or cistern which contains it, to the burner of the lamp and the
air is forced in by a pump or other propeller, into the vessel or cistern partly filled
with oil, or oil is forced into a cistern or vessel empty of oil, but full of air, or both
air and oil are forced into the cistern or vessel but leaving a sufficient space therein
unoccupied by oil for air under sufficient pressure.
With the last described arrangements a pump or other air or oil propeller is required
for each separate lamp or oil cistern, and a pressure gauge or other arrangement is
required to show the pressure of air or elastic fluid in the cistern.

page_text: The object of our present invention is to make more simple and less costly lamps,
where compressed air or other elastic fluid is used for forcing the supply of oil to the
burner or burners, by dispensing with a separate pump and gauge for each lamp, our
invention being more particularly applicable to portable lamps, which have to be
moved from place to place, and is especially advantageous where a number of lamps
are in use.
We construct the lamps with an air tight cistern or vessel for containing the oil or
combustible liquid and with a pipe from the burner descending to nearly the bottom of
the interior of the oil cistern or vessel.-This vessel or cistern is provided with an
inlet junction and cock or valve which can be opened when air or oil is to be charged
into the vessel or cistern, and closed when it is charged with oil under air or other
elastic fluid pressure.
For charging these lamps we provide a pump separate from the lamp and connect
a pressure gauge with it.
This pump apparatus is or may be on a carriage with an oil cistern so as to be taken
to the lamp to be charged.
The pump is connected by hose or other coupling pipes with the lamp to be charged,
the pump drawing oil from a cask or other source of supply and forcing it into the
lamp cistern, or drawing and forcing air therein when required.
Hand pumps are or may be used, if desired, instead of the pump apparatus and oil
cistern on wheels, and the lamps are or may be brought to a stationary pump for
supplying oil or air or oil and air or other elastic fluid. Or oil is or may be supplied
to a large closed cistern, and the pressure of water from a Towns main, a pump or
other source of pressure, is arranged to act upon the oil in the closed cistern. If the
oil is of less weight than water it is supplied to the lamps from the top of the cistern,
and if of greater weight, then from the bottom of the cistern, the lamps to be charged
being connected by hose or other pipes with the cistern, thus under pressure.
Instead of water being used air under pressure is or may be used to act upon the
oil in the cistern from which the lamps are to be charged as above described, and
arrangements are made to either supply oil or air or both combined from the
cistern.
The lamps may be filled to the required extent with oil, and then air or other
elastic fluid under pressure is supplied to them, by a hand pump coupled with the
lamp or from a cistern charged with air or other elastic fluid by a pump or other
means. The charging arrangements in each case herein before referred to have a
pressure gauge connected therewith to show when the required pressure in the lamp
has been attained, but in charging lamps empty of oil but full of air, or recharging
lamps before the lamp is empty of oil it will only be necessary to charge them with
oil to a given level, or to charge a given measure of oil into them, which will
correspond with the air pressure desired, which level when to be filled thereto, can be
ascertained, if required, by means of a glass tube connected with the lamp or other
arrangement.
In the case of oils heavier than water a certain amount of water may if desired be
pumped or otherwise forced into the lamp cistern when empty of oil, but full of air,
to compress the air to the minimum pressure required by the burner, then oil is forced
in until the desired maximum pressure is obtained in the lamp cistern.
Atmospheric air is most convenient as an elastic fluid medium, but carbonic acid
gas or other elastic fluid may be used in place of air.
The arrangements above described may be varied without departing from our
invention.
Dated this Ninth day of November 1887
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.

page_text: Improvements in Arrangements and Mechanism or Apparatus
Applicable to and to be Used in Connection with Lamps
Generating Gas or Vapour for Lighting or Heating from Oils
or Combustible Liquids, also Applicable to other Lamps.
We ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK, of the firm of Henry Wallwork & Co. of Union
Bridge Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounders, and
ARTHUR COLLINGS WELLS, of Ogden Street, Manchester, aforesaid, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Letters Patent No. 15,382, and dated 22nd November A.D. 1884 were granted to
the said Roughsedge Wallwork for supplying oil to ordinary self-generating gas or
vapour burners.
A complete specification numbered 15,328 A.D. 1886 has been filed by the said
Roughsedge Wallwork for improvements in self generating gas or vapour burners,
and in arrangements or apparatus for supplying the same with oils or combustible
liquids.
A complete specification has been filed with an application Numbered 3543 A.D). 1887
by the present applicants for improved arrangements for supplying oils or combustible
liquids to Lamps having self generating gas or vapour burners, applicable more
particularly to portable Lamps, that is, to such Lamps as have to be or may be moved
about from place to place where light is required.
In the last named complete specification Numbered 3543 A.D. 1887 among other
means air is described as an elastic medium for forcing the oil or combustible liquid
from the vessel or cistern which contains it to the burner of the lamp and the air is
forced in by a pump or other propeller, into the vessel or cistern partly filled with oil,
or oil is forced into a cistern or vessel empty of oil, but full of air, or both air and oil
are forced into the cistern or vessel but leaving a sufficient space therein unoccupied
by oil for air under sufficient pressure.
With the last described arrangements a pump or other air or oil propeller is required
for each separate Lamp or oil cistern, and a pressure guage or other arrangement is
required to show the pressure of air or elastic fluid in the cistern.
The object of our present invention is to make more simple and less costly lamps
where compressed air or other elastic fluid is used for forcing the supply of oil to the
burner or burners, by dispensing with a separate pump and guage for each lamp
(though the pressure guage may be used) our invention being more particularly
applicable to portable lamps, which have to be moved from place to place and is
especially advantageous, where a number of lamps are in use in the same locality.
We construct the lamps with an air tight cistern or vessel for containing the oil or
combustible liquid and with a pipe from the burner descending to nearly the bottom

page_text: of the interior of the oil cistern or vessel; this vessel or cistern is provided with an
inlet junction and cock or valve which can be opened when air or oil is to be charged
into the vessel or cistern, and closed when it is charged with oil under air or other
elastic fluid pressure.
For charging these lamps we provide a pump separate from the lamp and connect a
pressure guage with it.
This pump apparatus is or may be on a carriage with an oil cistern so as to be taken
to the lamp to be charged.
The pump is connected by hose or other coupling pipes with the lamp to be charged
the pump drawing oil from a cask or other source of supply and forcing it into the
lamp cistern, or drawing and forcing air therein when required.
Hand pumps are or may be used, if desired, instead of the pump apparatus and oil
cistern on wheels, and the lamps are or may be brought to a stationary pump for
supplying oil or air or oil and air or other elastic fluid.
Or oil is or may be supplied to a large closed cistern, and the pressure of water,
from a Towns main, a pump or other source of pressure, is arranged to act upon the
oil in the closed cistern. If the oil is of less weight than water it is supplied to the
Lamps from the top of the cistern and if of greater weight then from the bottom of
the cistern, the lamps to be charged, being connected by hose or other pipes with the
cistern thus under pressure.
Instead of water being used air under pressure is or may be used to act upon the
oil in the cistern from which the lamps are to be charged, as above described and
arrangements are made to either supply oil or air or both combined from the cistern.
The lamps may be filled to the required extent with oil and then air or other elastic
fluid under pressure is supplied to them by a hand pump coupled with the lamp or
from a cistern, charged with air or other clastic fluid by a pump or other means-The
charging arrangements in each case bereinbefore referred to have a pressure guage
connected therewith to show when the required pressure in the lamp has been attained,
but in charging lamps empty of oil but full of air, or recharging lamps before the
lamp is empty of oil it will only be necessary to charge them with oil to a given level
or to charge a given measure of oil into them which will correspond with the air
pressure desired, which level when to be filled thereto can be ascertained, if required,
by means of a glass tube connected with the lamp or other arrangement.
In the case of oils heavier than water a certain amount of water may if desired be
pumped or otherwise forced into the lamp cistern, when empty of oil but full of air
to compress the air to the minimum pressure required by the burner, then oil is forced
in until the desired maximum pressure is obtained in the lamp cistern.
Atmospheric air is most convenient as an elastic fluid medium, but carbonic acid
gas or other elastic fluid may be used in place of air.
The arrangements above described may be varied without departing from our
invention.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a lamp cistern for supplying oil or combustible
liquid by air compressed therein to self generating gas or vapour burners.
Fig. 2 is a detached view of the cock for adjusting the supply of oil, and showing
the guage.
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a pump valve mechanism and bucket.
Fig. 4 is an elevation of a cistern on wheels having a hand pump and pressure
for charging combustible liquid to lamp cisterns.
guage
Fig. 5 is an elevation showing part of a lamp cistern (one side) and the section of
a detachable pump, and fig. 6 is a section of the cock at a right angle to that shown
in fig. 5, and fig. 7 a detached plan section of the pump and holder.
Fig. 8 is an enlarged detached section of the pump piston and valve for the pump
shown in fig. 5.
Fig. 9 is a side elevation of a cistern for storing oil or combustible liquid and
charging it into lamp cisterns supplying combustible liquid by air compressed therein.
In fig. 1a is the lamp cistern which is a closed air and oil tight vessel; a the pipe
from which the oil or combustible l'quid is supplied from it, descends to nearly the

page_text: Dottom of the interior of the cistern, from a casting a secured to the upper part of
the cistern, this casting a² having a cock a³ formed in or applied to it for regulating
the flow of combustible liquid, and there is or may be a branch from this cock or
casting (see fig. 2) for a pressure guage
when used. The oil or combustible liquid
is forced out of the cistern to the burner by the air imprisoned in the cistern under
pressure.
a is a screw plug to allow air to escape when required, or for other purposes.
c is a cock having a screwed nozzle for a coupling connected with a flexible or
other pipe d.
The cock or tape is for admitting oil or other fluid to, and preventing its escape
from the lamp cistern a.
Fig. 3 shows by a sectional elevation a portable hand pump and bucket for oil or
other liquid.
The bottom of the bucket is or may be formed in one casting e with valves and
valve passages in it.
e is the inlet orifice from the bucket which is or may be covered with a small wire
guaze cylinder e² to pass the oil but keep back lumps from entering.
From the inlet there is a passage to an ordinary inlet conc valve e³; e is a screw
plug to give access to it-From the valve e there is a passage to the pump barrel f
which is screwed into a boss in the casting e and the upper end of the barrel has
a cap screwed upon it through which the pump rod f2 works freely, f³ is a
handle at the upper end of the pump rod.
The upper end of the pump barrelf is held in a boss f having arms passing to a
rim secured to the sides f of the bucket the lower edge of the sides of the
bucket being secured by rivets or otherwise to the flange round the casting e at the
bottom.
The pump is a simple piston f' screwed upon the end of the rod f with a leather
washer turned at the edge to come against the sides of the barrel secured with a
metal washer, and screw nut.
From the pump there is a passage to the outlet valve e to which access is also given
by a screw plug e and into the outlet passage from the valve e a nozzle is screwed
against a bevel washer, and the outer end of this nozzle is screwed to be connected
with a coupling on a flexible or other pipe d.
fis the handle for carrying the bucket and pump, and 6 a pressure guage which
is or may be used.
Fig. 4 represents a side elevation of a cistern g for combustible liquid to be carried
on an axle having wheels g² and handles g³ for wheeling it to the position required,
and a foot or feet g¹ to rest upon.
This cisterng has a pumpf with inlet and outlet valves of ordinary construction
or like those hereinbefore described and illustrated by fig. 3.
pump rod, fx connecting rod jointed to the rod and lever handle fƒ³ which
has its fulcrum f on a bracket f' secured to the sides of the cistern g, d flexible tube.
With this cistern there is or may be a pressure guage & connected by a pipe or
passage with the outlet passage from the pump.
This pump cistern is connected by a flexible or other pipe having suitable couplings
with the nozzle of the tap of the lamp cistern when combustible liquid is to be charged
into it.
Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of part of a lamp cistern with a detachable hand
pump applied to the cock on one side of the cistern.
The cock c is shown in a plan section in fig. 6.
It is a cock with a hollow cone plug cl with a port in one side of it that can be
turned to a vertical junction or to the horizontal junction (see fig. 5) or opened to
admit or to shut entirely to keep the fluid in the lamp cistern.
The pump barrel at its lower end is screw tapped to screw upon the nozzle formed
upon the tap c there being a leather or other suitable washer between the end of the
pump barrel and the shoulder on the cock c.
The pump barrel may be made with any suitable valve opening from the barrel,

page_text: or made and arranged as shown in the fig. 5 where the stem of the valve f³ is across
the barrel and is guided in a screw plug f giving access to it, against which one
end of an helical spring comes which is round the stem of the valve the other end
coming against the disc of the valve to hold it against its seating.
The piston of the pump is an ordinary one with a valve or valves in it.
The piston and valve, is or may be arranged as shown in fig. 8 a section of the
piston and valve on an enlarged scale-h is a disc screwed on the end of the rod h¹
this disc has notches round its edge to allow the fluid to pass freely. There is a
leather ² of the shape shown and then a ring h³ with a boss is screwed on the end of
the rod h¹.
The cylindrical part of the leather h² fits close against the sides of the barrel fand
the disc part of the leather 2 presses against the upper disc on the descent of the
piston and prevents fluid from passing it; but in the ascent of the piston the leather *
leaves the upper disc h and comes against the lower ring h³ the fluid then freely passing
through the annular space in the leather disc and the holes in the ring h³.
The upper part of the pump barrel fis or may be enlarged as shown at fig. 7 to fit
a guide secured to the side of the lamp cistern to hold and steady the pump as
shown by the plan section fig. 7.
The pump rod has a handle h at its upper end and the rod works. through a
gland packing as shown, screwed air tight into the end of the barrel f which has
arms or handles for screwing it on and off the nozzle or junction of the tap c, one
arm being tubular, as shown, to which the coupling at one end of a flexible tube
is attached, by a screw coupling, the other end of the flexible tube having a cylinder
of wire guaze secured to it, to keep back lumps and other impurities, this end of the
flexible hose pipe (of any desired length) being placed in the vessel containing the
oil or combustible liquid which is to be charged into the lamp cistern.
There is or may be a small pressure guage b secured to the exterior of the pump
barrel the guage being connected by a pipe or passage with the outlet from the pump
to show the pressure of fluid in the lamp cistern.
Fig. 9 is an elevation partly in section of a cistern which is or may be used as a
stationary store cistern for oil, and placed in any convenient position.
It is by preference a cylindrical fluid tight vessel k having a funnel k¹ at its upper
end through which oil or combustible liquid is supplied to it, through a screw plug k²
which is unscrewed when oil is to be supplied which then passes through holes in the
side and enters the cistern through the centre of the hollow plug k².
The screw plug is screwed tight against its seating when the cistern has been
supplied with combustible liquid.
There is a cock ³ and k at the upper and lower end of the cistern and there is or
may be a glass tube or guage ³ to show the depth of oil or liquid in the vessel k.
If an adequate pressure of water from any main is convenient and the combustible
liquid is of less specific gravity than water it will float therein, then the water pressure
from the main is connected with the lower cock 4 by a screw coupling and flexible
or other tubing and the oil is forced out at the required pressure by connecting by a
flexible hose or pipe or other pipe with the cock k³ and the lamp cistern to be charged.
If the combustible liquid is of less specific gravity than water and sinks in it, then
the above described connections of the pipes between the cistern and lamp cistern to be
charged are reversed-the water being connected with the upper and the lamp cistern
with the lower cock.
If the cistern k is permanently placed and a known specific gravity of oil is to be used,
then it may be permanently connected with the water main giving sufficient pressure
there being a cock to turn on and shut off the communication with the water main.
The cistern is emptied of water when oil is to be supplied to it, by gravity, except
when the oil is pumped in against the pressure of the water.
If the water drawn from the cistern, when to be filled with oil is taken through a
pipe having its outlet sufficiently below the cistern & the water may be arranged to
draw in oil, by connecting the inlet for oil with the barrel or other source of oil
supply.

page_text: If air is to be used to give the pressure in the store cistern k to charge the
lamp cisterns it is or may be pumped or supplied from any convenient source or
apparatus in which case the outlet from the store cistern to the lamp to be charged
will be from the bottom or lower part of it. But if air is required to be charged
into the lamp cistern then the latter will be connected with an outlet at the upper
part of the store cistern where the air is above the oil in it.
There is or may be a pressure guage b upon the store cistern to show the
pressure thereon and which if the full pressure is allowed to enter the lamp cistern
will also show the pressure to which it has been charged.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is.
1. The combination and arrangement of lamp cisterns for supplying oil or other
combustible liquid, by imprisoned air therein under pressure, to self generating gas
or vapour burners, without connected pumps, substantially as herein before described,
such lamp cisterns being so arranged as to be readily connected with a detachable or
portable pumping apparatus for charging the lamp cistern, or with a cistern con-
taining a store of oil or combustible liquid under sufficient pressure, to be charged
into the lamp cistern, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the
drawings.
2. For charging oil or other combustible liquid or other fluid into lamp cisterns
supplying combustible liquid by air imprisoned therein under pressure to self
generating gas or vapour burners, the combination of hand pump and bucket (fig. 3)
pump and cistern on wheels (fig. 4) or pump applicable to and detachable from
the lamp cisterns (figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8) substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by fig. 3 and fig. 4 and figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the drawings.
3. The charging of oil or other combustible liquid or other fluid into lamp cisterns
supplying combustible liquid by air imprisoned therein under pressure to self
generating gas or vapour burners by means of a store cistern arranged substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
Dated this Ninth day of August 1888.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.