matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REMOVING OR ELEVATING CHAFF FROM CHAFF CUTTING MACHINES, AND FOR ANALOGOUS USES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Benjamin Chibnall at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th June 1875.
I, ALPRED BENJAMIN CHIBNALL, of Kempston, in the County of
Bedford, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REMOVING OR ELEVATING CHAFF FROM CHAFF CUTTING
MACHINES, AND FOR ANALOGOUS USES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to remove cut chaff and the cavings
from thrashing machines, and raise the same to any elevated position in
a barn or granary by mechanical means instead of by hand labour as is
now the case. The ordinary way of dealing with cut chaff is to deposit
it from the chaff-cutting machine in sacks which are carried on men's
backs, and deposited where the chaff may be required to be stored.
My Invention consists in adapting to the ordinary chaff-cutting
machine or to thrashing machines, an elevator provided with pockets or
cups for raising the cut chaff or cavings, and depositing the same in
suitable receptacles placed at any desired height.

page_text: The ordinary straw. or hay elevator consists generally of endless chains,
straps, or ropes, connected together by transverse bars armed with
tines which will catch hold of, retain, and carry forward. the straw or
hay, as the endless chains or ropes are made to travel onward by motion
communicated to the wheels or pullies round which they pass.
In order to adapt elevators of this description to the purpose of my
Invention, I attach to the endless ropes, straps, or chains, receptacles
composed, say of boards, pockets, or cups, to carry the cut chaff or
cavings. The chaff as it leaves the chaff-cutting machine, and the
cavings from the thrashing machines are conducted to a box into which
the lower end of the elevator dips, and as it is driven it will lift the
chaff or cavings, as the case may be, out of the box and deposit the same
into an elevated receptacle, the tines on the elevator serving to stir up
the chaff or cavings, and facilitate the entrance of the pockets into the
mass of material intended to be elevated. The ordinary grating in the
box of the elevator I cover with a removable bottom, when using the
elevator for raising chaff or cavings.
From the above description it will be understood that my improved
elevator is equally applicable to detached chaff-cutting machines, to
thrashing machines provided with chaff-cutting mechanism, and to
thrashing machines without such mechanism, in which case the cavings
or the grain may be removed and deposited in a raised receptacle by the
elevator.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR THE PREVENTION OF DEVIATION IN THE MARINERS' COMPASS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Atkin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
1875.
I, ROBERT ATKIN, of the "Jerusalem," Cowper's Court, Cornhill, in
the County of Middlesex, Master Mariner, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS FOR THE PREVENTION OF DEVIATION
IN THE MARINERS' COMPASS," to be as follows:-
-
This improvement has for its object in so placing the compass in such
a position in an iron vessel as to insulate it from local influences to
prevent deviation in such compass, for which purpose, when used in a
steam vessel, the ordinary funnel or chimney is to be constructed of copper
or other non-attractive material, instead of iron as generally adopted.
At a sufficient height from the base of such funnel a bracket is fixed,
upon which, by any convenient method the compass to be insulated is
placed, forming a standard compass by which all the other compasses in
the vessel are regulated.
The stays which steady the funnel may be formed into ladders as a
means to reach the comnase to make observations

page_text: When the funnel in the vessel is not advantageously placed to carry
the compass a pillar of copper (preferably made hollow) is erected in a
convenient part of the vessel, upon which a binnacle, with the other
parts of the compass (except the needle) made of glass is placed at the
top, which compass is to serve as the standard compass.
Another method may also be adopted. At the stern a pair of shears
are so attached to the vessel as to allow the head of the shears to swing
and project over the stern. At the head of the shears is fixed a spar
projecting beyond it, which carries at its end a binnacle & compass to
serve as the standard compass, clear of the local attractions of the vessel,
provided with guys and other necessary tackle, for which purpose all
the adaptations to carry the compass and all connected with it are made
of copper or other non-attractive materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE OREA-. MENTATION OF LADIES' SKIRTS OR COSTUMES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Baird Rodger, of Aldersgate Street, in the
City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE OREA-.
MENTATION OF LADIES' SKIRTS OR COSTUMES."
Sealed the 21st August 1875, and dated the 16th June 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Baird Rodger
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th June 1875.
.
'
I, ROBERT BAIRD RODGER, of Aldersgate Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF "LADIES' SKIRTS OR COSTUMES,"
to be as follows:―

page_text: produced on skirts by applying cloth of another color with which to fill
in the pattern, and to unite the two together by sewing along the
outlines with a raised embroidery stitch, which may be in a different
color both to the skirt and to the cloth applied thereto, so as to form an
ornamental outline to the design, besides uniting the two fabrics
together. The portions of the applied cloth which extend beyond the
design are then cut away, leaving only such parts as are comprised
within the said outlines. In the case of a floral or other design this
method, besides requiring considerable time, involves a great waste of
material, as the cloth or fabric used for filling in the pattern must be of
a width at least equal to that of the design to be produced. Now by my
Invention I dispense entirely with the cloth applied to form the filling
in of the design, and produce the same effect by first printing with
engraved blocks or other surfaces on the skirt or other article the design
it is desired to produce, and then producing around the outlines thereof:
the raised embroidery stitch to form the border. The printed design
thus serves both as a pattern or guide for the embroidery, and also as
filling in for the design. I am thus enabled to effect a considerable
saving in the cost, and the skirt or article when finished is lighter to the
wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE. CONSTRUCTION, RIG, AND EQUIPMENT OF LIFEBOATS, RAPTS, AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN MEANS. FOR LOWERING AND LAUNCHING THE SAME
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Atkin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
July 1875.
I, ROBERT ATKIN, of the "Jerusalem," Cowper's Court, Cornhill, in
the County of Middlesex, Master Mariner, do hereby declare the:
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE. CONSTRUCTION,
RIG, AND EQUIPMENT OF LIFEBOATS, RAPTS, AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN MEANS.
FOR LOWERING AND LAUNCHING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
=
The improvements consists in the construction of lifeboats or rafts
carried or attached to vessels, and so constructed that they may be casily
attached or detached to or from such vessels, and capable of stowing
the necessary equipments, provisions, water, and other necessaries,
always available in time of need.
The lifeboat proper is constructed in two portions, which when put
together form the boat.
The means adopted for putting them together is similar to that adopted
1

page_text: thro' their eylets fore and aft the whole length of such vessels, and
provided with keels to be lowered or raised. The boat also carries sails
the shape of a lug sail, with a yard at the head and a yard at the foot of
the sail, but the sail is in two peices of unequal proportions, the larger
being abaft and the smaller being before the mast, connected by hoops
round the mast, forming one sail when so connected. The head of the
sail abaft the mast is also attached to the yard with hoops and fitted
with an outhaul and a downhaul. The boat is also provided at its main-
mast head with an iron construction to push a signal pole up through to
shew a flag by day and a lamp by night. Such pole is made in parts,
capable of being screwed together, and when not in use stowed in the
boat. The boat is also provided with a lamp or stove, and distilling
apparatus and liquid combustible, properly stowed away, to distil sea
water for the use of the people in the boat. The masts, sails, and all
other equipments are so stowed in the boat, that when the boat is closed
by its two halves all its contents are perfectly secured and available when
required.
The improvement also consists in the construction of a raft which
shall occupy small space, and which may be utilized for other purposes,
such as seats on the poop, hammock nettings, and the like. Such raft
may be made of iron or other materials, and is formed of three or
more parts attached to each other the same as the lifeboat. The centre
part is double the width of the wing peices, which when turned up form
one block, carrying a self-acting signal apparatus, and provided with
stowage for provisions and other necessaries.
On the deck of the ship is a turntable, on which the boats and rafts
aro stowed, and from which they can be launched. The davits fitted to
the ship for lowering the boats are made to swing out at the head, and
when the boat is detached return to their original positions.
AN IMPROVED PLOUGH
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6. 19th November 1875.-A communication from abroad by Adjutor
Rabache, of Aunay-sur-Odon, Calvados, France.
İ, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PLOUGH," a communication to me
from abroad by Adjutor Rabache, of Aunay-sur-Odon, Calvados, France,
to be as follows:-
The accompanying Sheet of Drawing shows in elevation and in plan
view an improved plough embodying this Invention.
The plough beam will vary with the shape of the plough from about
8 feet 4 inches to 9 feet 4 inches; it should be square for about from
28 inches to 32 inches at the end towards the ploughman, and of
proportionate thickness. This square part is flanked with two pieces.
of wood of a thickness equal to that of this square, and of a breadth

page_text: to end on each side pieces of double breadth with three bolts, three
shares might easily be applied, and three times the work be done instead
of only double, but the weight and the swinging of the plough may be
found objectionable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gilbert Weir and Arthur
Charles Morgan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd September 1875.
We, JOHN GILBERT WEIR, of 9, Lyndhurst Road, Peckham, in the
County of Surrey, and ARTHUR CHARLES MORGAN, of East Dulwich
House, Peckham Rye, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING APPARATUS
FOR RAILWAYS," to be as follows:—
Our Invention is to render secure and safe at all hours, more
particularly during the existence of a fog, the signals at present in uso
upon the various railways, and consists in an arrangement of mechanism
whereby an alarm is communicated to either the engine driver or
guard in charge of the train in the event of danger or the line being
blocked.
Upon the sleeper at the side or between the rails we secure a bracket,
to which is attached a "swing arm" or "quadrant," so arranged as to be
raised or lowered corresponding with the signal by means of a lever and
counterweight, the lever being connected by a chain or wire to the

page_text: signal wire, and at any convenient position on the engine is attached a
cross shaft, on either end of which is secured a hanging lever or
"trigger" connected by means of a wire to a whistle, gong, or other
alarm upon the engine, and so arranged that upon the above-mentioned
quadrant being raised one of the said "hanging levers" or "triggers'
will come in contact with the same, thereby being deflected and
thus sounding an alarm by means of the wire attached to the same.
"
In order that our Invention may be more readily understood, we will
now proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, similar
letters of reference having reference to like parts throughout; Figure 1,
being a side view or elevation of a locomotive fitted with trigger
apparatus; Figure 2 is a front view of the same; Figure 3 represents
the "trigger" and quadrant apparatus detached drawn to an enlarged
scale. A is the bracket secured to sleeper; B, quadrant working on
same; C, counterweight for raising quadrant; D, wire connected to
signal wire; E, E, plates bolted on to engine for carrying cross shaft F;
F, cross shaft; G, G', triggers secured on to ends of cross shaft F;
H, wire attached to trigger G and connected to alarm I by means of the
cranks K, K¹.
Figure 4 illustrates an adaptation of our Invention so as to bo
worked on the block system. In this arrangement we employ two
separate levers and counterweights C, C', in liew of one for altering
the position of quadrant B; one lever being connected to the front
signal and the other to the back signal wire. The two levers C, C¹, and
quadrant B are so arranged that it is impossible for the latter to fall
until both the said levers occupy or assume the same relative positions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC OR OTHER PRESSES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL OR SEED CAKES, SUCH INVENTION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walkden Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st October 1875.
2
I, WALKDEN THOMPSON, of Hull, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC
OR OTHER PRESSES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL OR SEED CAKES, SUCH
INVENTION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention bas particular reference to hydraulic or other presses
used in the manufacture of oil or seed cakes. It may also be employed
for other purposes, and consists in the means or apparatus employed
for extracting the oil or other liquid from seed or other materials.
According to my Invention instead of having the "die" on the top
of the table and the "die box" underneath, I mount the "die box" on
the top of the table and the "die" underneath by this arrangement
the bag containing the seed or other substance can be placed at the
bottom of the "dic box" previous to the "die" being brought into
operation upon it, preventing the rubbing and cutting of the bags

page_text: against the "die box" sides, which takes place in the ordinary arrange-
ment of presses.
The "die box" is by preference made of steel, wrought or cast iron,
and consists of three sides or jaws which I by preference make of angle
iron, and within I provide another framework of suitable metal plates
forming thereby the "box" for receiving the bag containing the oil or
seed cake or other substance to be operated upon. When preferred I
make the three sided angle iron framework or jaws with mitre joints, and
securely fasten them together by any convenient known means.
I provide one or more openings through the side of each "die box,"
and when preferred a loose plate of rather less dimensions than the
" die box itself, the space between the sides of which and the "dic
box forms the gutter.
"
"
By these arrangements the oil or other liquid readily passes away
from the cake or other substance. Any required number of these "die
boxes "
may be employed in each press, the required pressure being
imparted thereto in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN 'TUBE WELLS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April
1875. A communication from abroad by Paul Schönlau, of Lage,
in Lippe-Detmold, in the German Empire.
3 29
I, PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lanc, London, do hereby declare tho
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
'TUBE WELLS,'
(a communication to me from abroad by Paul Schönlau, of Lage, in
Lippe-Detmold, in the German Empire), to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to collect pure water in a porous earth
stratum, such as sand or quicksand. For this purpose the ram tube or
tube well is constructed of three or more cylinders, one within the other,
and tapering below. The spaces between them are filled with compressed
sand of a fineness decreasing towards the interior. The interior of all is
empty of sand and serves as a water collector and recervoir. The outer
cylinder is preferably made of stout iron plate, and is perforated with
openings, say from %, to % inch in diameter. This cylinder is lined
with copper wire gauze or similar material; the next cylinder is made of
copper wire gauze or similar material, but with larger interstices, and the
innermost cylinder is best made of stout copper plate (or it might be iron)

page_text: perforated with openings of, say % to % inch in diameter. Into the
innermost cylinder the rising main or well tube itself is inserted or
might be made as a continuation. The rising main is surrounded by a
tube preferably of wood resting on the outer cylinder and serving to
receive the ramming blows.
The apparatus may conveniently be applied as follows:-A hole is dug
in the ground several feet deep, the tube well is then inserted, and fine
sand rammed down all round, which sand thus fills the holes in the
outer cylinder; when thereupon rammed into the required depth the
water has to pass through the several sand layers of the apparatus to the
interior with an increasing speed, because of the increasing coarseness of
the sand layers which are kept from intermingling and only allow pure
water to pass through.
conthe state it in host to bone a tubo bola fiunt
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES USED IN WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Martin and Wright Firth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 2nd June 1875.
We, EDWIN MARTIN, of the Wellington Mills, Lindley, near
Huddersfield, in the County of York, Manufacturer, and Wright
FIRTH, of the said Lindley, Power Loom Tuner, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES USED IN
WEAVING," to be as follows :-
In the ordinary arrangement of parts in connection with the use of
creeping temples the yielding thereof in the event of the shuttle sticking
in the shed is insufficient to prevent frequent injuries to the parts, whilst
difficulty also arises in adjusting the extent of tension desired to the
fabric being produced.
The object of the Invention is to remedy these evils, and to give
increased facility in working. For this purpose the frame carrying the
series or chain of points for each selvage of the fabric is supported to
turn upon the end of a lever, one end of which rises over the edge of the
fabric for that purpose whilst the other end extends some considerable

page_text: distance under the fabric and towards the centre of the loom, where it
turns upon a stud in a plate formed to be held by set screws in position
on a bracket or other part of the loom frame. This plate is also
provided with a set screw or set screws, by turning which the relative
position thereof and consequent extent of tension effected by the temple 5
on the edge of the fabric may be readily adjusted to any extent
desired.
The supporting lever is borne upon by a spring with a tendency to
bear it towards the batten, but which in the event of the shuttle sticking
in the shed or other derangement admits of yielding, and the motion of 1
the temple is in the segment of so large a circle as to be practically
almost parallel with the selvage.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND PROCESS FOR DISCHARGING AND RECOVERING OIL OR GREASE FROM FIBRES, YARN, OR FABRICS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter John Sykes at the
Office of the 'Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th August 1875.
I, WALTER JOHN SYKES, of Heckmondwike, in the County of York,
Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND PROCESS FOR DISCHARGING AND RECOVERING OIL
OR GREASE FROM FIBRES, YARN, OR FABRICS," to be as follows:-
In the process of "preparing " fibres for spinning, a considerable
quantity of oil is used, which after the spinning is completed, or when
the yarn so prepared is woven, it is very desirable should be extracted or
discharged therefrom, not only because the yarn or fabric is better
without the oil, but that the oil so recovered may be available for
further use.
The material, whether fibre, yarn, or woven fabric, from which oil or
grease is to be extracted or discharged and recovered, is placed within a
vessel containing a volatile solvent, such as benzoline, turpentine, or
coal tar neptha (of these I prefer to use benzoline) and agitated so as to
wash out the oil or grease; the material is then passed between

page_text: squeezing-rollers, and it may in some cases be necessary to repeat the
washing operation, employing fresh volatile solvent, but of the same
kind as those already named. The oil or grease will by this process,
and through the action of the volatile solvent, be extracted and dis-
charged and be left in the operating vessel; there will, however, be
volatile solvent in the material operated upon, to discharge and secure
which the yarn is to be placed within a closed vessel, connected to
which is a worm pipe or distilling coil. This closed vessel is encased so
as to be heated by steam for the purpose of vapourising the volatile
solvent which again condenses in the distilling coil. The oil or grease
and the volatile solvent contained in the "washing" vessel are to be
"run off" into another vessel or vessels and closed air-tight, within
which they are to remain for a time in order to admit of precipitation
of dirt or foreign matter removed from the yarn by the washing
operation. Afterwards the volatile solvent will be separated from the
oil by the application of heat so as to vapourise the solvent which will
thereon be condensed by coil or worm distilling and condense pipes, as
above described.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN CLOSING AND OPENING BOTTLES CONTAINING GASEOUS OR EFFER- VESCING LIQUIDS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Waugh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
January 1875.
I, JAMES WAUGH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN CLOSING AND OPENING BOTTLES CONTAINING GASEOUS OR EFFER-
VESCING LIQUIDS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved means for closing
and opening bottles containing gaseous or effervescing liquids, consists
of a hollow elastic ball made of caoutchouc or analogous elastic material
which is placed inside the bottle. The ball is formed with a hollow
stem or short pipe, which, when the bottle is charged with the gaseous
or effervescing liquid, serves the twofold purpose, namely, by its weight
of maintaining or balancing the ball in the required position, also of
admitting the carbonic acid or other gas with which the liquid is
charged to the interior of the elastic ball. The lower part of the neck
of the bottle is conical, so that the pressure of the gas when the bottle

page_text: is charged therewith and with the liquid both forces the ball into the
conical neck, and by passing to the interior of the ball expands it so
as to fill the neck, thereby closing the bottle. The upper part of the
elastic ball is thicker than its lower part, and the upper part is that upon
which the instrument for opening the bottle acts.
The opening instrument consists of a short hollow stem with a flanch
at the top. The under side of the flanch is provided with an elastic
face, and in opening a bottle the instrument is passed into the neck of
the bottle, and being pressed downwards by the hand forces in the elastic
ball. The elastic face on the instrument at the same time is brought 1
in contact with the mouth of the bottle, and so prevents waste of
the liquid or the wetting of the hand at the instant the bottle is
opened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOTH BRUSHES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Paul Truefitt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
.11th November 1875.
I, HENRY PAUL TRUEFITT, of London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOTH BRUSHES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
tooth brushes.
It has long been very desirable to counteract if possible the natural
tendency to corrosion and decay of the enamel of the teeth, and also to
strengthen the nerves in connection with them.
Now I have discovered that the following species of woods known as
gentiana lutea, xanthoxylum, clara hercules, quassiæ, amasæ, chinchona
regia vera possess the most valuable tonic and antiseptic properties in a
very high degree, and that by making the handle and head of a tooth
brush of any of the above woods, such properties are conveyed to, and
are absorbed by the bristles which form the brush thereof, and upon
0

page_text: using which they are conveyed to and act in the most salutary manner
upon the teeth and gums of the person using the same, at the same time
that it imparts a delightful fragrance to the breath, which latter quality
is in itself a very desirable advantage
using which they are conveyed to and act in the most salutary manner
upon the teeth and gums of the person using the same, at the same time
that it imparts a delightful fragrance to the breath, which latter quality
is in itself a very desirable advantage
:
By the use of my improved tooth brushes made as above described,
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN COLLECTING AND TYING CORN AND OTHER CROPS INTO SHEAVES OR BUNDLES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Hughes, of Brampton Ash, Market
Harborough, in the County of Northampton, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN COLLECTING AND TYING CORN
AND OTHER CROPS INTO SHEAVES OR BUNDLES.”
"
Sealed the 29th February 1876, and dated the 15th September 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th September 1875.
I, ALFRED HUGHES, of Brampton Ash, Market Harborough, in. the
5 County of Northampton, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN COLLECTING
AND TYING CORN AND OTHER CROPS INTO SHEAVES OR BUNDLES," to be as
follows:-

page_text: •
I provide a rake with long simicircular or curved teeth. To the head
of the rake a handle is attached in front, and three legs forming a
tripod are attached behind. Two of the legs carry near their lower ends
a pair of wheels which run upon the ground as the rake is drawn along
the swath to collect enough of the crop to form a sheaf or bundle.
Afterwards when the corn has been accumulated on the rake teeth by
being drawn along the swarth the apparatus is to be set up upon.its
legs. By this movement the sheaf is lifted to a convenient height and
it remains held in the hollow of the rake, whilst it is tied in the usual
A
SPECIFICATION_in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alfred Hughes in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
HUGHES, of Brampton Ash, Market Harborough, in the County of
Northampton, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
essors, give and grant unto me, the said Alfred Hughes, Her
special license, that I, the said Alfred Hughes, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alfred Hughes,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time-to-time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein-expressed, should and lawfully might make,
usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
¨and=Ireland, the “Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN COLLECTING AND TYING CORN AND
OTHER CROPS INTO SHEAVES OR BUNDLES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Alfred Hughes, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands

page_text: What I claim is the apparatus substantially as described to be used
in collecting and tying corn and other crops into sheaves or bundles.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Hughes, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand 'eight hundred and seventy-six.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DEFENSIVE ARMS OR SHIELDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond Sëches at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
July 1875.
I, EDMOND SẼOHES, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris, France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DEFENSIVE ARMS OR SHIELDS," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention consists in the construction and employment of
defensive arms or shields capable of resisting shots from fire-arms, which
not only cannot be pierced by bullets but cannot be upset by the blows
therefrom. For this purpose I employ steel plates of different thicknesses,
according to the distance at which it is intended they should resist the
bullets; the said plates are composed of one or several pieces which can
be folded or laid together when not required for use, but when opened
out are capable of wholly or partially shielding the body. The parts
composing the shield can be carried packed up together during the
march, and can be opened out and put together when required with the
utmost facility, in a word the shield or shields when so opened forms or
form an iron wall or walls to protect a single man or a regiment as the

page_text: case may be against shots fired from fire-arms, say 150 yards distant.
Each shield can in three minutes be put together and be ready for use.
Either piece can be joined to the other piece without the necessity of
searching for any particular piece. The Invention is applicable to belts,
breast plates, waistcoats, each piece forming a shield; they may be i
placed on the chest either lengthways or be secured by a belt holding
the top pieces with a support at bottom; the breast is thus entirely
covered and protected. When the shields are made in this way their
weight is considerably reduced, to such an extent in fact that the extra
weight a man would have to carry to possess a defensive shield would 1
not probably exceed a couple of pounds.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO FURNACES AND TO FIRING THE SAME
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Mudge Marchant at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th January 1875. .
I, ROBERT MUDGE MARCHANT, of Kirby Street, Hatton Garden, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO FURNACES AND TO
FIRING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
'
My Invention relates to the employment of a mixture of steam and
oil as fuel or firing for furnaces, and consists in carrying a steam pipe
into the furnace or combustion chamber and in connecting with such
pipe a pipe leading from an oil reservoir; the connection between the
steam and oil pipes is such that the oil is made to percolate slowly into
the steam pipe, and the said connection should be situated at such a
distance from the furnace or combustion chamber, that the oil shall have
time to become to some extent vaporized and thoroughly mixed with
the steam before reaching the combustion chamber. The pipe in the com-
bustion chamber terminates in one or more jets from which the combined
steam and oil vapor issue, and where they are burnt as the fuel of the

page_text: furnace. Exhaust steam of high-pressure engines may advantageously
be used for the purpose.
My Invention further consists in carrying the pipe in a serpentine or
other course through the furnace or combustion chamber, so that it may
be submitted to the action of the flame or heat, and the combined steam t
and oil vapor be thereby brought to a highly heated state before issuing
from the jets or burners.
My Invention further consists in the employment of a similar steam
pipe where coal or other solid fuel is used. The steam pipe is carried in
a serpentine or analogous course through the furnace, and terminates in
a series of jets through which the steam in a superheated state issues
among and mingles with the gases or vapors evolved from the burning
fuel, and is burnt therewith, at the same time effectually consuming or
preventing smoke.
My Invention further consists in making the chimney or chimneys of
the furnace deliver the exhausted products of combustion in their still
heated state underneath the fire or flame, so that such heated products
shall be continually circulated through the fire while the heavy and
uninflammable portion thereof becomes separated by virtue of its own
gravity, and is delivered into the external atmosphere, a further supply
of fresh air where necessary combining with the heated and inflammable
portion of the products with every renewed circulation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING WASTE HEAT
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stirling and Thomas
Peacock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th April 1875
We, JOHN STIRLING and TпомAS PEACOCK, both of Coatbridge, in
the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING WASTE HEAT," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which rolates to improvements in utilizing waste
heat, consists in the adaptation to the flues of furnaces generally, and
particularly to those from which the waste products of combustion pass
off in a highly heated state, of one or more retorts, around which the
waste heated products of combustion flow. The retorts are charged
with coal, shale, or other carbonaceous substances capable of evolving
combustible gas, and the gas so produced is conveyed by one or more
flues into the furnace and there burnt, or it may be burnt in another
furnace.
The retort is emptied of its coked contents from time to time, and
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRINTERS' TYPE CASES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Shaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
April 1875.
I, WILLIAM SHAW, of the Strand, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRINTERS' TYPE CASES," to be as follows
-
I form the "boxes" in printers' type cases so that the partitions
separating the boxes from one another may be moved or shifted from a
straight to a slanting or diagonal position. The said sides or partitions
in some or all of the boxes extend only a portion of the space now
usually occupied by them, so as to leave a vacant space for the com-
positor's finger to pass along the upper part of the said boxes. The said
partitions are at their lower part notched into, or hinged on to, or other-
wise so connected to the lower part of the boxes that they can be moved;
their upper part may be connected to one common traversing bar lying
in the bottom of the case, the partition may be made to shift so as to
vary the width of the boxes as required. When in a type case two or
more rows of boxes are arranged and formed according to this Invention

page_text: I connect the ends of the traversing bars so that they can be moved
simultaneously, this may however also be accomplished by connecting
them to the stand in which the case rests and shifting the case from onc
side to the other. All the partitions are simultaneously thrown from a
perpendicular into a slanting direction or vice versa.
The aforesaid spaces at the upper part of the boxes are for the more
convenient distribution of the type temporarily partially filled with
suitable bars or filling pieces, which may be connected together if
desired so that one action partially fills all the said vacant spaces.
The bottoms of the boxes may be made concave, so that the types first
thrown in will have a tendency to take their place in the centre of the
cavity, and the types fill the boxes in a straight or regular manner
The boxes or spaces between the aforesaid divisions are made so
narrow as that the types which are thrown in with their faces upper-
most shall maintain that position.
The different sections of the case may be made of different appearance
from one another in order to facilitate the compositor's discrimination,
this may be done by different colours or by other means
The bottom of the box in which the type rests is so formed that it
forms or becomes a bed somewhat shorter than the type itself, so that
the heads or tops of the type can be casily grasped by the finger.
The case may be divided into two or more parts, so that they can be
detached and each part turned on its end so that the partitions will
assume a lateral position instead of a vertical position relatively to the
compositor, thereby facilitating the distribution.
°
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY Couplings
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Sterne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
January 1875.
I, LOUIS STERNE, of 9, Victoria Chambers, in the Oity of West-
minster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY Couplings,” to be as follows:—
My Invention relates to those railway couplings in which the draw-
head is formed at the front with a cavity to receive the coupling link
of the adjoining carriage, and in which, by the entrance of the said link,
a vertical bolt or pin is freed from the device which holds it up, and
immediately falls into and secures the link, and the Invention consists
in the employment, for the purpose of holding up the bolt or pin, of a
ball or of a roller working freely on an incline at the back part of the
cavity in the drawhead. When the ball or roller is at the lower part of
the incline it holds up the bolt or pin, but when the coupling link of
the next adjoining carriage enters the drawhead it strikes against the
ball or roller, thereby driving it up the incline, and the bolt or pin being
then free immediately falls into and secures the link, while the ball or

page_text: roller will bear down upon the inner end of the link, and thereby steady
it. To uncouple it is only necessary to lift the bolt or pin out of the
link when the link may be withdrawn, and the ball or roller will imme-
diately follow the link, descending the incline, and again hold up the
bolt or pin.
If desirable, to prevent the bolt or pin being entirely withdrawn from
the aperture in the top of the drawhead in which it works, I form it
with a shoulder or enlargement near its lower end.
When I employ a ball it may simply be placed loosely in the cavity
of the drawhead and behind the bolt.
When I employ a roller, it may be formed with an axle or trunnions
to run in inclined slots or grooves in the sides of the drawhead, or it may
be made like a dumb bell, the middle portion being in the form of a
spindle to run under the bolt or pin, while the enlarged ends run in
inclined grooves or guides.
AN IMPROVED JACKET STRETCHER FOR PAPER MAKERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Redfern, Peter Smith,
and John Harvey Law at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th February 1875.
all
We, THOMAS REDFERN, PETER SMITH, and JOHN HARVEY LAW,
of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Paper Machinists, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVED JACKET STRETCHER
FOR PAPER MAKERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of a jacket stretcher
for paper makers as follows:- -We take a central bar of metal, and form
a screw at one of its extremities, which passes through and is screwed
against a head cross. At regular intervals along its length and on either
side this central bar is jointed by means of connecting links to a
stretcher, the longitudinal edge of which stretcher forms a segment of a
cylinder, and both of these stretchers are guided at one extremity in a
groove formed in the face of the cross head herein-before mentioned.
The mode of using this stretcher is as follows:-The jacket requiring
to be stretched is placed upon the parallel stretchers when they are in a
position closest together, and then by screwing the nut upon the screw

page_text: of the central bar against the cross head, such central bar is drawn
forwards, and at the same time the connecting links act altogether and
simultaneously upon the stretchers, which are thereby forced outwards
in a parallel direction, so stretching the jacket to any requisite
extent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WRITING AND DRAWING PENCILS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Lothar von Faber at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th January 1875.
I, JOHANN LOTHAR VON FABER, of Stein, near Nuremberg, in the
Kingdom of Bavaria, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WRITING AND DRAWING PENCILS," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in writing and drawing
pencils, and the improvements relate partly to the production of a pencil
the writing of which can be copied equally as well as the writing
produced with copying ink.
The pencils are produced from aniline, graphite, and kaolin, by a cold
process, and it is proposed to manufacture them of 4 degress of hardness,

page_text: The ingredients are reduced into a fine powder and mixed together,
sufficient water being then added to form a paste. After the paste has
been well and thoroughly worked little sticks of any desired length and
thickness are formed from the mass, which sticks are then dried in an
ordinary warm temperaturo of a room, and finally in the air so as to give 5
them the requisite firmness. By mixing aniline with the other
ingredients as above described the writing produced by the pencils can
be copied equally as well as writing produced with copying ink.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND REFINING TALLOW AND OTHER FATTY SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Lavender at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
April 1875.
I, ROBERT LAVENDER, of Kirkcaldy, in the County of Fife, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING
AND REFINING TALLOW AND OTHER FATTY SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating and refining
tallow and other fatty substances. For this purpose the tallow, suet, or
other fatty matter is melted and mixed with naptha, by preference, so
called mineral naptha; the mixing should be effected in a close vessel
connected with a worm in which any naptha passing off may be
condensed; the mixture of tallow and naptha is allowed to cool, and
previous to its becoming thick or semi-solid is drawn off into cooling
vessels. When cold it is, bagged and subjected to pressure, by which the
oily matter and its solvent naptha are expressed, and are collected in
suitable vessels. The solid matters remaining in the bags may be again
melted and treated as before as often as desired, and may be finally
melted, mixed with animal charcoal, and filtered. The solid matter thus
obtained is mainly stearine, and has a high melting point. The squeezings

page_text: obtained in the above processes may be again bagged and submitted to
gradual pressure, and the more solid portion obtained may finally, if
desired, be melted and mixed with animal charcoal and filtered. The
product obtained is afterwards submitted to heat and steam in the usual
manner to drive off the naptha or solvent employed, and will then have 5
a melting point of about 60° Fahrenheit.
The remainder, consisting of the oily matters and solvent naptha, is
distilled to drive off the naptha or other solvent, and is then treated with
animal charcoal and filtered as before, after which I prefer to cool it
down to a low temperature and filter to take from it any portion of the 1
two more solid substances previously separated. The result is a product
consisting mainly of olcine, and having a melting point of about 40°
Fahrenheit.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM OR HANd Circular SAW AND BAND SAW BENCHES OR MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Reynolds at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th February 1875.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM REYNOLDS, of Southwark Street, in the
Borough of Southwark, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM OR HANd Circular SAW AND BAND
SAW BENCHES OR MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to strengthen portions of the working
parts of the machinery on a circular saw bench in such a way that
should any undue strain be brought to bear on these working parts they
will be able to resist such strain effectually, thereby increasing greatly
the value of the saw bench, and adding materially to its efficiency in
cutting hard woods.
The circular saw, automatic feed, and other working parts of the
bench are supported in bracket pieces pivotted to hangers bolted to the
under side of the table. These bracket pieces are attached to a forked
lever, by means of which the whole of the working parts of the machine
may be raised or lowered, as may be found most suitable for the work to

page_text: be done. The feed wheel arm is prevented from rising (and thereby
causing an undue strain on its support) by means of a rigid bar which
bears against it. This rigid bar is carried by a cross shaft which is
supported by arms pivotted on the central shaft.
Counterbalance weights may be attached in any suitable manner to
the cross shaft, so that the feeding apparatus may not be dropped too
heavily on the work through the carelessness of the attendant.
In order further to increase the usefulness of the machine an arrange-
ment for facilitating the cutting of mitres may be attached to one corner
of the bench.