IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE AND THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonathan Green, of Brymbo Iron Works, near
Wrexham, in the County of Denbigh, Furnace Manager, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE AND THE
APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH."
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonathan Green at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th April 1870.
I, JONATHAN GREEN, of Brymbo Iron Works, near Wrexham, in the
County of Denbigh, Furnace Manager, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE AND
THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows (that is to say): :-
This Invention has for its object an improved plan of making coke
for blast furnaces and other purposes, whereby a large quantity of the
sulphur in the fuel is driven off, and much of the waste incidental to
the ordinary open fire avoided, as well as great saving both in time and
labour on the usual modes of manufacture. These advantages are

page_text: obtained by the use of a kiln constructed with a solid floor of brick,
or other suitable material or materials, so as to be water-tight or
approaching thereto, surrounded by vertical side walls of, say, not less
than five feet in height, by preference placed so as to form a rectangular
enclosure. An enterance is left in the permanent brickwork of one of
the end walls of the kiln for introducing the coal to be coked, and
removing the coke, but which opening is walled up during the coking
process. The side walls are pierced by a number of horizontal openings
extending to the interior of the kiln a little above the floor, which are
used to ignite the charge, and with one or more series of small air ports,
in a line or lines above the lower and larger passages, and which small
air induction ports are provided with moveable covers, capable of being
opened or closed collectively, partially, or singly, whereby the supply of
atmospheric air admitted to the charge may be regulated to a great
nicety. The coal to be coked is filled in permiseuously between the
side walls from trucks travelling on a tramway either on a level with
the bottom of the kiln or above it, as may be found most convenient,
or in any other way. The opening at the end of the kiln being bricked
up, fire is applied to the side openings near the bottom, which ignites
the mass of coal inside the kiln. After the gas has been driven off,
which is known by the cessation of the bright flame on the top the
bottom holes are stopped up, and after the coke has been allowed to
bake a sufficient time water is let into the bottom of the kiln, which
being water-tight or nearly so prevents its passing away, as water
generates a large volume of steam, which ascending through the
incandescent mass carrics off with it a large portion of the sulphur
contained in the coke, and when this is thoroughly accomplished the
coke is ready for drawing out.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said 3
Jonathan Green in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th
October 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JONATHAN
GREEN, of Brymbo Iron Works, near Wrexham, in the County of
Denbigh, Furnace Manager, send greeting.
3

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Jonathan Green, Her special licence that I,
the said Jonathan Green, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Jonathan Green, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF COKE AND THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Jonathan Green, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jonathan Green, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
This my said Invention has for its object an improved plan of making
coke for blast furnaces and other purposes, whereby a large quantity of
the sulphur in the fuel is driven off and much of the waste incidental
to the ordinary open fire avoided, as well as great saving both in time
and labour on the usual modes of manufacture. These advantages are
obtained by the use of a kiln constructed with a solid floor of brick or
other suitable material or materials, so as to be water-tight, or approach-
ing thereto, surrounded by vertical side walls of, say, not less than five
feet in height, by preference placed so as to form a rectangular enclosure,
an entrance being left in the permanent brickwork of one or both of
the end walls of the kiln for introducing the coal to be coked, and
removing the coke, but which opening or openings are walled up during
the coking process. The side walls are pierced by a number of hori-
zontal openings extending to the interior of the kiln a little above the

page_text: floor, which are used to ignite the charge, and with one or more series
of small air ports in a line or lines above the lower and larger passages,
and which small air induction ports are provided with movable covers
capable of being opened or closed collectively, partially or singly,
whereby the supply of atmospheric air admitted to the charge may be
regulated to a great nicety. The coal to be coked is filled promiscuously
between the side walls from trucks travelling on a tramway, either on a
level with the bottom of the kiln or above it, as may be found most
convenient, or in any other way. The opening at the end of the kiln
being bricked up, fire is applied to the side openings near the bottom,
which ignites the mass of coal inside the kiln. After the gas has been
driven off, which is known by the cessation of the bright flame on the
top, the bottom holes are stopped up, and after the coke has been
allowed to bake a sufficient time water is let into the bottom of the
kiln, which being water-tight or nearly so prevents it passing away, as
water generates a large volum of steam, which ascending through
the incandescent mass carries off with it a large portion of the sulphur
contained in the coke, and when this is thoroughly accomplished the
coke is ready for drawing out.
When my improved kilns are constructed with one or more series of
air induction ports above the openings through which the kiln is fired
the ports should be closed when fire is just applied to the charge, then
when the lower portion of the charge is fully ignited the lower openings
are to be closed and the air ports immediately above opened and allowed
to remain so until the charge become fully candescent, when they arc
to be closed and the next set above opened and closed in like manner.
That this my said Invention may be the more clearly seen and
understood I have hercunto annexed Drawings illustrating one of
my improved kilns. Like letters marked thereon are used to indicate
similar parts.
Figure 1 is a side elevation; Figure 2 is a plan or top view, and
Figure 3 is an end elevation shewing the entrance walled up.
A, the external walls forming the kiln which are perforated by B
firing holes, and C small air induction ports fitted with sliding covers;
D, entrance to the kiln, seen on the plans walled up; E, supply trucks;
F, water supply pipes, which convey the water from any convenient
source.

page_text: Having now fully ascertained the nature of this my said Invention
and the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same into
practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself
to the relative detail, proportions, or dimensions of the several parts of
the kiln herein-before described and illustrated, as it will be readily seen
to those acquainted with the art that the same may be considerably
varied without departing from the Invention, but what I claim as my
improvements are,-
First. The construction of coke kilns or ovens, with a water-tight
or nearly water-tight bottom surrounded by walls having perforations in
said side walls for the purposes of igniting the charges and supplying
air for supporting combustion, which openings can be closed or opened
at will to regulate the ignition of the charge as herein-before described
and set forth.
Secondly. The introduction of water into the bottom of the kiln,
which water passing up as vapour through the charge effects the
disengagement of the sulphur contained in the coke as herein-before
described and set forth.
And lastly. The general arrangement, combination, and construction
of kilns for the making of coke, operated substantially in the manner
and for the purposes herein-before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonathan Green, have hereunto set
my hand and affixed my scal, this Nineteenth day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
JONATHAN (L.S.) GREEN.