IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION, STORAGE, DISTRIBUTION, REGULATION, MEASUREMENT AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR MEANS THEREFOR, AND IN METHODS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH APPARATUS OR PARTS THEREOF "
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Stokes Williams, of Riverton New Jersey,
United States of America, now of 8 Southampton Buildings, London, for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION,
STORAGE, DISTRIBUTION, REGULATION, MEASUREMENT AND UTILIZATION OF
ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR MEANS THEREFOR, AND IN METHODS OR
MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH APPARATUS OR PARTS
THEREOF
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Stokes Williams
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st Januuary 1883.
JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS of Riverton, New Jersey, United States of America
now of 8, Southampton Buildings London "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING
TO THE GENERATION, STORAGE, DISTRIBUTION, REGULATION, MEASUREMENT, AND
UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR MEANS THEREFOR AND IN
METHODS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH APPARATUS
OR PARTS THEREOF
"
My invention consists in improvements in and relating to the generation storage
distribution regulation measurement and utilization of electricity and apparatus or
means therefor and in methods or means to be employed in the construction of such
apparatus or parts thereof.
I have provided for constructing and working an electrical system of distribution
somewhat similar to the method of constructing and working a water or gas
system of distribution. The improvements described in the specifications of my
former Letters Patent dated February 13th 1882 N° 700, February 16th 1882
No 766, February 22nd 1882 N° 856. March 10th 1882 No 1174 March 30th 1882
N° 1556 May 30th 1882 N° 2558 and in my Provisional Specification filed
|August 22ª 1882 Nº 4034, provide for such a result.
I propose to utilize these various improvements and methods of working and to
provide further improvements methods or means and apparatus to be used in

page_text: connection therewith or independently thereof in an apparatus or system of electrical
distribution so as to enable me to utilize the carth railway lines or tracks water
and gas conductors or water channels (provided by boring or otherwise) for con-
ducting or transmitting electric currents with a return insulated conductor or
conductors and I place the translating devices in a derived circuit from the earth
or uninsulated conductor or conductors or from the electric magazine or magazines
charged through the medium of such electric circuit. The translating devices can
be adapted to operate in such circuit in multiple are multiple series parallel circuit
or series or upon a loop from the series or derived circuit so as to provide for the
independent working of different translating devices adapted to be utilized or
operated in such circuit through the medium of automatically operated switch
devices or otherwise. I provide for regulating the current flowing through such
circuit by automatically operative resistances or the variation of resistances
induction condensing converting or accumulating devices or any combination of
them which I sometimes so construct or arrange as to provide for charging one of
their parts while the other part or series may be discharging into the working or
translating circuit. And I sometimes provide automatic cut offs or switching
mechanism operated by hand, time devices electrically or otherwise or any
combination of such methods or means and adapted to so operate as to provide
for cutting out or regulating the charging or prevent the overcharging of the
accumulating storing or converting and regulating devices adapted to discharge into
a translating or working circuit or adapted to hold energy in reservo at fixed
points or places for the purposes of charging other reservoirs or magazines
either stationary or portable or both or adapted to supply the energy for the
propulsion of vehicles trains or other devices equiped with electric appliances and
adapted to move or be operated from or over fixed or determined points or places.
Such devices are adapted to provide for the translation of such energy into motive
or brake power light heat or any one or more of such purposes upon such portable
objects and also through motors heaters electric lamps (either arc or incandescent)
or other electric translating devices coupled in multiple arc multiple series or series
as desired. I provide for utilizing the energy at stationary or fixed points or
places throughout a district or a series of districts or throughout a city along
railway lines at stations or in connection with signalling appliances and movable
mechanism required or applicable along the lines for the shunting of trains or the
crossing of trains from one line into or over to another line or any number of linos
at junctions or stations or any combination of such mechanism or devices with
signalling devices at one or more or a series of stations or places. And by the
employment of the rails of the line the circuit may be completed through them
and through the reservoirs upon the vehicles or other portable objects or devices
when the negative element or elements are electrically connected in series parallel
circuit or otherwise by an insulated return conductor or circuit to a suitably
arranged conductor which is insulated from the earth and is connected with the
negative element or elements of the generator or battery of them or with the
electric magazine or magazines at the generating station or distant points or places
or any combination of generating and conserving or accumulating devices dis-
tributed throughout the electrical system along lines or in independent or separate
districts adapted solely for the purposes of the railway or the purposes of traction
over lixed or determined lines or places or adapted to form part of or operate in
conjunction with a fixed electrical system of distribution (for the production of
light heat or motive power or for the electro doposition or heating of metals ores
or other materials or for the reduction or extraction of metal or metals from
metallic ores or other purposes or any combination of them) in combination with
portable objects such as trains vehicles vessels boats torpedoes or signalling
appliances adapted to be operated froin or over some fixed or determined line or
place the stationary and portable portion or both portions of the electrical system
having the accumulating or translating devices placed in multiple series multiple
arc or series or any combination of such circuits with returns by the insulatod

page_text: return conductor or circuit or such electrical or translating devices may be in
independent discharging circuits from the accumulating or storing devices adapted
to supply and make independent in their working certain districts or sections or
certain groups or kinds of translating devices or devices for utilizing electric energy
in the electrical system of distribution. The aforesaid accumulating or translating
devices have their positive element or elements connected to the earth or to an
uninsulated conductor.
In order to accomplish this last named object I employ accumulating storing
converting or regulating devices preferably adapted to provide for the conservation
or accumulation of energy at certain points stations or places. These devices have their
positive elements connected with the earth or with uninsulated conductors or connec-
tions as set fortli, and their negative elements connected with the insulated return
conductor or portion of the circuit. As the current flows through the earth with a
minimum resistance and seeks the return circuit one or more of the reservoirs of
the system become charged by such current. I sometimes employ automatic cut
offs to regulate the charging or to prevent overcharging of such reservoirs and I
regulate the resistance in accordance with the position of the accumulating devices
in the circuit or I sometimes couple them in multiple series and charge them from
the most distant point of the external circuit when the system is not too extended
or I can so operate or charge independent groups or series of such accumulating
devices arranged at a station or at any number of stations or places in the system.
The cut offs are adapted to be operated by hand electrically telegraphically or by
time mechanism or the pressure of gases or otherwise. Or they may be operated
by a column of liquid by the decomposition and recomposition of liquids or material
by heat by expansion or contraction or by light or by the vibration or undulation
of air or gases suitable mechanism being provided to combine the devices with a
resistance or a series of them adapted to operato in such a manner as to cut the
magazine out of the charging circuit. In cases where I employ electro chemical
batteries condensers or magazines I sometimes make use of a series of these devices
adapted to operate in such a manner that one part or series of such batteries
condensers or magazines will be in the discharging or translating circuit when
some other part or series are in the charging circuit and when they both become
charged they will be cut out of such charging circuit leaving the discharging or
translating circuit always free to supply energy to the translating devices employed
therein. I prefer that such devices should be arranged in multiple arc multiple
series or series the circuit being insulated. Or instead of employing the series of
magazines operated as above described I sometimes so construct them as to provide
for always charging into one part and discharging from another part. This may
be readily accomplished by the utilization of the gases caused by the decomposition
of a liquid as more fully set forth in the specification of my aforesaid Letters
Patent No 2558. Or I sometimes construct batteries with one electro chemical
element and one in which I utilize the gas evolved by conducting it into the
adjoining cell (preferably inverted) which may be composed of a porous metallic
material say lead moulded either as pure lead or lead alloyed with other metal
(with or without granulated carbon or coke mixed therewith) which other inetal
may be removed chemically electrically or otherwise. The pressure from the gas
evolved is utilized for operating upon the circuit maker either directly through a
pressure valve or by the pressure operating to complete the circuit through an
electro magnet solenoid or thermo device connected with the circuit maker in the
charging circuit through the medium of an armature or part adapted to provide for
such movement. I preferably employ a conical curved or convex piece in combi-
nation with a corresponding part and employ a liquid of high resistanco say water
or the best insulating liquid obtainable or I provide for working through a per-
manent or immovable resistance between the parts; one of these parts are attached
to or arranged in a derived circuit from the earth or main charging circuit. I form
these fitting or corresponding parts so that they may be placed in an enclosing
case or chamber of insulating material liquid tight; the circuit maker may be

page_text: operated in one direction by a spring or weight so as to be normally in the charging
circuit with the earth circuit or charging conductor. I sometimes operate this
circuit maker by employing a mercurial tube as a pressure indicator and according
to the height or column of mercury I regulate the charging. I employ a circuit
through this column of mercury. One conductor of the circuit for operating the
resistance or cut off terminates above the mercury or liquid column in its normal
condition or in the reservoir not charged or filled. This column of mercury is
preferably enclosed in a bent glass tube or the equivalent thereof and the bent
portion of the said tube is placed in communication with the gas chamber The
upper portion of the tube may contain air which acts as a cushion or agent as
against the compression one end of the conductor terminating in such air
chamber.
In order to provide for the utilization of. gas reservoirs and operate more
economically and practically than hitherto, I provide for working with much
higher pressure in the part directly connected with the charging circuit and supply
the part adapted to operate in the discharging circuit from the first named part;
between these parts I employ pipes or tubing for conducting the gas or gases from
the decomposing chamber into the recomposing chamber and I employ automatic
cut offs or pressure gauges which may be operated in a similar manner to the
resistance or circuit making devices just described with or without the electrical
.combination to accomplish it. I prefer the electrical combination as the joints
couplings or valves can be made with less difficulty; the valves are adapted to
operate across the pipes so that the pressure of the gases from the chamber con-
taining the gases at the greatest pressure serves to hold the valve tight to its seat
and thus close the orifice suitable packing being provided if found necessary This
valve is adapted to be raised and lowered or to move in an insulated and perfectly
gas tight chamber in which an electro magnet or other translating device is
adapted to operate in such a manner as to control the movement of the valve
which is forced across, or moved so as to close the opening or the reverse and the
electric current through the medium of the electrical circuit completed through the
liquid column provides for controlling the position of the valve or valves dependent
upon the pressure in the second chamber or discharging circuit portion of the
magazine. Theso devices are valuable for all purposes as pressure gauges governors
or cut offs for steam engines gas or compressed air engines or chambers or for
regulating the generation of steam or the evolution of gases or the accumulation
of power in any form. The said valve or valves may be of any suitable construc-
tion and may be conical spherical or semipherical flat, or of any other appropriate
form or shape and may be adapted to rotate or to move lengthwise of the opening
or inlet or across it. By these means I am enabled to provide a reserve of power
or high pressure or potential in reservoirs in the decomposing chambers or parts
and to work with less pressure in the discharging or recomposing chamber for
instance I can work with say double the pressure at times in the decomposing
chamber that I may employ in the recomposing chambers.
By such means I am enabled to apply the principle of high pressure in an
electrical system of distribution and such a system of working may prove
invaluable for the operation of railways or for traction purposes or for portable
electric systems or devices equipped with electrical connections and translating
devices for the production of light heat and motive power or for the purposes of
traction or impeding motion or any combination of them.
I may provide for charging reservoirs or receivers with a gas or gases through
-the medium of pipes and suitably arranged cut off's or valves these reservoirs being
adapted to be employed as portable devices and to furnish the gases necessary for
gas batteries or converters connected or combined therewith or adapted to form
part of the equipment of a wagon vehicle or train either as a primary holder or
both as a primary holder and converter. When such reservoirs or receivers form
part of the equipment of an electric engine or one or more of the wagons or
vehicles of a train they may be charged from gas reservoirs arranged at fixed

page_text: points or places along a line of railway or elsewhere by providing a pipe adapted
to be brought in communication with the opening or inlet to the reservoir on the
portable object. I provide in such cases check valves adapted to operate in a
reverse manner between these reservoirs that is to say when the check valves or
cut offs which governs the supply of gas or gases from the stationary reservoir is
open the said gas or gases will automatically open the other valve against the
pressure of the gases contained in the reservoir to be charged and will hold such
valve open until the pressure or potential in both the stationary and portable
reservoirs becomes equalized When however the gas supply pipe is disconnected
from the portable reservoir the pressure of the gas or gases in both of the reservoirs
will immediately close the said valves and thus prevent the escape of any gas or
gases therefrom. The connection between the reservoirs may be made by telescopic
hinged or flexible connections adapted to be united by a gas tight coupling or
union.
I sometimes provide for furnishing power for the operation of tramcars or other
vehicles or for lighting and heating purposes by charging the portable reservoirs or
receivers from the holders at fixed points or stations and I so construct such
reservoirs that they may be placed in connection with and supply the energy
necessary for the development of light heat or motive power in either a portable or
stationary electrical system or device. It will be understood from the foregoing
description that through the medium of electrical connections such reservoirs upon
the wagons vehicles or train can be charged or revivified electrically, worked
at high pressure and with varying pressures and such pressures automatically
regulated or cut out of the charging circuit from the permanent or fixed primary
or charging reservoirs or magazines or the generating devices. The reserves of
power along the line may be provided by employing devices or means for converting
any natural force such as the wind the tide or water or the heat or rays of the
sun into electric energy and accumulating such energy or by the direct evolution
of gases from carbonaceous or other suitable materials or otherwise as herein more
fully set forth and provided for in the aforesaid specifications
In connection with the magazines or reservoirs above mentioned I employ an
electric meter or two of them where such device is employed in an electrical
system (for the development of light heat or motive power) of distribution I can
employ the well known devices for this purpose but I prefer to employ novel
devices for this purpose, for instance I employ in connection with the gas magazine
or with independent magazines at the generating station and throughout the
electrical systein of distribution devices, adapted to measure and register the storage
or accumulation of gas at one or more points of the electrical system. Recording
mechanism may be connected therewith or arranged in the circuit or a derived
circuit and may be adapted to operate electrically dependent upon the amount of
gas decomposed. Or I may register the amount recomposed electrically or by a
pumping device operated electrically for injecting the solution from the recomposing
chamber back into the decomposing chamber or I sometimes so construct and
combine these chambers as to provide for automatically accomplishing this result
and at the same time to provide for increasing or decreasing the resistance in the
discharging circuit dependent upon the pressure of the gases in the chambers.
Under another arrangement I provide for the use of a mercurial or liquid
column (with or without an air chamber adapted to provide for the expansion
and contraction of the gas or air) which I cause to pulsate or vary in height in
accordance with the current passing and this pulsation or variation in tho
height of the liquid provides the means for communicating motion to registering
mechanism which is actuated through the medium of reducing gear.
I may
operate against the tension or force of a spring or weight or the movement may be
positive in both directions. Or I can employ two mercurial columns adapted to
operate so as to make and break the circuit alternately with or without a vibrating
armature designed to actuate the recording mechanism I employ switching devices
as is usual in the discharging circuits from the reservoirs or magazines so as to

page_text: provide for controlling the translating devices in the discharging circuits and I
vary the radiating surface or surfaces of my electric lights (either incandescent
lamps electric gas lamps or electric phosphorescent lamps) principally in width from
a given or predetermined standard of width and section of material in thickness of
conducting or illuminating material (and supporting material insulating or other-
wise when employed) or I maintain a uniform standard of surface of width in
section and increase the length as I wish to vary the candle or illuminating power
of different lamps. I prefer to employ lamps of the construction described in the
Specification of aforesaid former Letters Patent N° 224 and N° 2558 as I am
enabled to develop light with greater economy and efficiency than heretofore
practicable and instead of working with high resistance lamps, I prefer lamps of
low resistance with an extended surface in width and a minimum and uniform
length, which object is attained by using a mere film or sheet of conducting or
illuminating material in thickness. The conducting material may be supported
upon an insulating and indestructible base and may consist of carbon iridium
nickel iron platinum or other suitable material or compounds pulverized or fuzed
together and moulded and compressed into the desired form or shape with a
minimum section of material in thickness or cross section and of such width (either
standard or variable) as may be determined upon in accordance with the material
employed as more fully set forth in the Specifications of my former Letters Patent
for the construction of incandescent lamps or lighting apparatus or such as is
herein provided for. I am enabled to employ light emitting portions of low
resistance and with an extended surface in width and thereby to concentrate and
better support the conducting material either of high or low resistance and develop
a greater amount of light than at present with the same consumption of energy as
under my system of distributing electric currents I can vary and regulate the
tension of the currents in the charging and discharging circuits and to render the
discharging circuits independent of the charging circuits I accomplish this object
through the medium of converting accumulating and regulating devices as herein
described or as provided for in the specifications of my aforesaid former Letters
Patent. I also effect further improvements in practising such method of
distributing and utilizing electric currents as more fully hereinafter explained but
I may say that either in conjunction with or independently of the accumulating
or storing device or devices I provido for converting the tension of the current by
the following means that is to say I employ conductors provided with increasing
or decreasing sections which are preferably conical for a certain distance or I can
employ conductors of increased carrying capacity; by this means I am enabled to
reduce the forco of the current from high tension to low tension or vice versu.
The variation in the sectional area of the conductors can be made in proportion to
the desired supply or variation of the tension of the current in the charging circuit
and the tension of the current to be used in the translating circuit which variation
of resistance or variation of sectional area or carrying capacity can be made to a
standard in accordance with the tension of the current to be utilized in the lamps
motors heaters or other translating charging discharging or working circuits. In
order to utilize such means I sometimes employ a derived circuit from the main
charging circuit having the resistance or sectional area desired to convey the
current from the main or charging circuit or from the earth circuit (under my
herein described improvements) and I provide the necessary variation in the
resistance or sectional area of the conductors in such derived circuit which may
consist of a loop or of a multiple are or multiple series circuit or a loop or derived
circuit between parallel or multiple are circuits. These improvements are applicable
either with alternating or continuous currents in a system in which electric
reservoirs may or may not be employed. They are especially applicable for the
charging of the reservoirs in an electrical system wherein high tension currents are
transmitted through the electrical main charging circuits for the charging of
magazines. Low tension currents or currents of reduced tension may be discharged
from the magazine through the discharging or translating circuits by employing

page_text: the improvements described in my said former Letters Patent in which I have
provided for the construction and use of electric magazines having conductors of
varied conductivity or resistance or sectional area in the charging and discharging
circuit; these improvements are applicable in connection with such method of
constructing and working and can be applied to any number of circuits or derived
circuits so as to vary the tension of the current in different parts of the same
circuit or independent circuits as may be desired in the system either to or from
the accumulating devices or in a system without them I reverse the construction
as I wish to increase or decrease the tension and I sometimes employ a circuit
maker or sliding piece adapted to form such a device and a movable variablo
resistance preferably through the medium of a bad conducting or insulating liquid
or through the medium of a film of solid material as a resistance and a good liquid
conductor. These devices may be automatically operated electrically and they may
be employed for disconnecting derived or branch or translating circuits from the
earth or charging circuit or otherwise. These regulating devices may be so
constructed as to provide for reducing the force of the current at certain points
and for again transmitting the current with a high force through the continuation
of a conductor.
I preferably employ for this purpose a double cone or a sphere or the equivalent
of the saine and according to the length of the cone and the conductivity or
carrying capacity of the conductor at the base of the said cone or in other words
according to the increased section or carrying capacity of the conductor I provide
for reducing or varying the force of the current. I may employ such a device in
connection with each lamp or other translating device so that such device will be
adapted to convert and regulato the tension of the current at each apparatus.
Or I provide for reducing the tension of the current so as to be suited to a group
of devices or lamps as may be desired or to regulate the tension of the current in
certain districts or for certain uses or for the various applications or combinations
for lighting heating or motive power or traction purposes as will be necessary in a
system of electrical distribution stationary or portable or both such as is herein
provided for. I construct these devices to a certain standard in accordance with
the section of the conductor with which they aro to be employed and the force of
the current to be transmitted and in accordance with the resistance and radiating
surface preferably in the width or from a standard width lamps of different candle
power can be employed and I provide for varying the conductivity or carrying
capacity of such conductor or converter. These converting devices may be
combined with and form part of each lamp. The form of conductors which I
prefer to employ for the development of light are such as are herein described
or such as are set forth in the Specifications of some of the aforesaid Letters
Patent.
I provide for constructing my electric motors to a certain standard and work or
vary from such standard as I wish to increase or decrease the power of such motors
and I vary the resistance or inducting surface in the different motors as I wish to
provide for increasing or decreasing the power of the different motors and as I
wish to provide for the subdivision or utilization of the electric currents where
motors are adapted to be used in an electrical system of distribution either portable
or stationary or both either coupled in series or inultiple arc or parallel circuit.
And I provide in combination with such circuit converters which I construct to
such standard and vary their carrying capacity or conductivity in accordance with
the motors or circuits with which they are to be employed. The converting device
may form part of the electric motor and I sometimes employ a series of such
converters in combination with the motor circuit; these converters are adapted to
provide for the utilization of the currents through the motor or series of electric
motors so as to permit the reversal of the movement of such motors or other
electric appliances adapted to be so operated. The said converters may bo
arranged in combination with a circuit maker or otherwise for transmitting the
current to the motor of reduced or increased force in either or both directions.

page_text: I construct the electric heaters to a certain standard and prefer to employ the
improvements described in the specifications of the herein before mentioned Letters
Patent relating to heaters and in the heaters provided with the transparent or
semi-transparent casing covering or part I preferably construct the heating portion
by the deposition of carbon upon an insulating indestructible base or support.
The deposited metal or material is preferably distributed in thin layers or with
a minimum or standard section of material and thickness so as to provide an
extended surface from which light can be developed. This conducting material
may or may not be conted with a pyro insulating material.
"
I construct the heaters so that the terminals may extend in opposite directions
or in the same direction through the enclosing case or chamber wherein a vacuum
is preferably produced. And I provide for varying the radiating and conducting
surface in my electric heaters in accordance as I wish to provide for the subdivision
or utilization of the electric current for heating and lighting purposes and so as to
be adapted for use in parallel circuit in series or in multiple series or in scries in
the parallel circuit or multiple series.
I construct these heaters to certain standards so as to be adapted to a certain
force of current and so that they may be coupled in multiple are or parallel circuit
and I may employ the converters in combination with such heaters as set forth.
I construct the accumulating or storing devices adapted for use in an electrical
system of distribution to a certain standard and with a certain standard accumu-
lating surface (having a certain section of material in thickness preferably a
minimum thickness with a standard width) and resistance and in accordance with
the resistance and surface in the accumulating or storing devices I provide for
varying the conductivity of the conductors or converters in independent charging
and discharging circuits or either of them. I vary the width or conductivity of
the accumulating surface as I wish to provide for constructing accumulating
devices from a certain standard or of different capacities I increase the resistance
by increasing the length of the accumulating surface or material as I wish to
provide for increasing the resistance in the external circuit with or without
increasing the width of such accumulating surface as before stated. The accu-
mulating surface may be spiral or in the form of a coil or may consist of a
number of concentric rings or of plates or folds the positive and negative
surfaces being arranged in close proximity to each other with an insulating
sheet or material between them. This material may be pulverized pumice stone,
glass asbestos alag wool or similar materials so as to provide for a minimum
resistance between the elements. At various points throughout the length of
such elements I may provide independent terminals adapted to provide for
charging the elements from the source or store of electric energy with a current
of low force. Such charging circuit may be alternately interrupted and com-
pleted so as to provide for cutting such terminals out of the charging circuit
and placing another set of terminals or a series of them in the charging circuit.
This may be effected automatically electrically by time mechanism or by
the rotation or movement of the axis or shaft of the generator or some part
connected therewith or adapted to be moved thereby. This construction is also
applicable in the formation and working of condensers constructed to a certain
standard and varied from such standard in accordance with the resistance of
the external circuit. The materials employed in the accumulating devices may
be metallic salts or oxides or metals with or without being mixed with carbon or
one element may be carbon and the other metal or I may employ metallic sheets
cut stamped or moulded or deposited electrically chemically or by fusion and such
accumulating material may be deposited upon sheets of insulating material which
will give the desired form or upon which the desired form is provided by stamping
or forming a base having an affinity for the deposition of the metal or material to
be employed. Such accumulating surface may represent miles in length so as to
overcome the resistance of the external circuit and an accumulating and discharging
capacity in accordance with the conductivity or carrying capacity of the conductor

page_text: or conductors in the discharging circuit therefrom. This method of constructing
and working the accumulating devices is also applicable in the working of gas-
batteries so as to provide an extended length of conducting material adapted to
form part of the external circuit for the purposes above stated.
Where I employ alternating currents or a current adapted to be sent first through
one conductor and at other times through another conductor through the means of
a compound circuit making or equivalent devices, I sometimes employ the
converting devices in combination with each circuit or a series of devices in
combination with each device adapted to be used in such circuits. Under my
improved system of distributing energy I am enabled to employ any number of
generating or storage stations or devices for supplying the electrical system and I
regulate the generation or production or the storage transmission or utilization. of
electric energy without the defects of the ordinary systems. To illustrate an
extended system of electrical distribution in which I employ the earth for the
transmission of the currents I muy provide devices and means at a coal pit or at
some distant point for the conversion of the coal into gas and utilize such gas or
such agent for the accumulation of gas adapted to operate as a gas battery as more
fully described in the specification of my aforesaid Letters Patent No 2558. I
prefer to construct the prime holder or reservoir in such a manner as to provide a
reserve under high pressure for supplying my recomposing or utilizing chamber or
retorts adapted to operate as herein before described. I also can or may provide
for utilizing the heat for the production of thermo electric currents by constructing
the furnace and retorts in such a manner as to provide for the generation and
utilization of such currents. I store the energy so produced by the accumulation
of gases as herein provided for and I may regulate the tension of the current from
the reservoirs by the employment of converting devices as herein set forth or
described in the specifications of my said former Letters Patent. I employ one or
more insulated conductors extending throughout the electrical system.
This may
consist of one conductor or system of conductors with or without branches and
sub branches
In some cases I connect such insulated conductor conductors or circuit with the
earth through the medium of such derived circuits branches or subbranches or any
combination of them and I connect incandescent lamps or lighting apparatus (of
the same or different candle power or resistance) preferably such as are herein
described or provided for in the Specifications of the aforesaid Letters Patent and
arranged in multiple arc or parallel circuit or series or series in parallel or multiple
series circuit. I also adapt are lamps to be utilized in such circuits. I also provide
for utilizing in such system means for the production of motive power and I
subdivide the current flowing from the earth to the return circuit by varying the
conductivity of the conductors and utilize resistances and regulating induction and
condensing or converting devices as may be found desirable to provide for
controlling regulating or converting the tension of the current in different parts of
the system in accordance with the use or purpose for which it is to be employed
The motors may be adapted to be operated in series in loop or derived circuits or
in multiple arc or parallel circuits or series in such circuits I adapt electric meters
in the circuit between the earth and the translating devices. I employ a meter
adapted to measure the current supplied to each consumer and I may or may not
employ regulating devices to vary the supply in accordance with the consumption
of different consumers in the various translating branches or derived circuits or the
Blow of the current through the circuit may be regulated by the resistance of the
lamps or heaters or the electric motors may be provided with a governor having
combined with it a resistance which will act as a cut off in accordance with the
speed or the work being done of the motor. Any device which will provide for a
variation of movement dependent upon the current passing will provide for this
result either in the motor circuit or lamp or heater circuit or any combination of
translating electric energy utilizing devices. I preferably employ independent
circuits for the motors and in some cases independent measuring and recording

page_text: devices. I sometimes so arrange the derived or branch circuits as to be coupled
with the main return circuit by arranging the branches above under or at one sido
of the main within an insulated box or chamber and I provide a vertically sliding
or moving piece in the form of a cone or wedge which can be forced into closo
contact with the two conductors; this wedge shaped or sliding piece may be
adapted to fit into a socket or slot or loop in connection with cach conductor or
may be adapted to fit over the two, these chambers I line with insulating material
and are adapted to receive the meeting ends of the conductor which I preferably
so form as to provide for their being brazed or fused or united by a metal in a
molten state or I so form them as to dovetail one into the other I provide a
coupling or coupling box into which the molten metal may be forced The coupling
box may be adapted to form a loop and may be provided with an insulated support
for a lover or screw which is adapted to force the circuit maker into contact with
the conductors. I sometimes employ a liquid in the junction boxes to prevent
firing and also use an independent switching device for controlling the circuit. I
also sometimes employ a junction box containing mercury or other conducting liquid
so as to make better contact. In operating such a system I prefer to provide a
reserve of power at the generating station and to connect the clements of the
reservoir or a series of them with the earth so as to transmit the currents thereby.
In some cases I provide for so constructing my electric generator or a battery of
them as to provide for utilizing the inductive action of the earth and I connect the
clements of the magazine or magazines with earth and the positivo element or
elements of my generators but in such cases I provide for transmitting the currents
through the electrical system by earth from the reservoirs and so adapt these
reservoirs as to provide for one part thereof being charged while somo other part
or series is being discharged into the earth circuit. When however I provide for
insulating my generating device or devices from earth I may so arrange or construct
the generating and storing devices as to provide for discharging one or both at the
same time and so as to provide for the storing or accumulating device or devices
being practically the governor of the entire system and the governor or regulator
for the generation or consumption of gas fuel compressed air or the evolution of
gases as fully set forth in the Specification of my aforesaid foriner Letters Patent.
In order to economize the prime cost of the return conductor I transmit the
current with high tension and I convert such current in the translating or dis-
charging circuits, or I arrange electric reservoirs at or near the place or places where
the energy is to be utilized either as central stations or at each house manufactory
or place or groups of such places at which translating devices such as lamps (either
incandescent or arc lamps) electric heaters electric motors or other appliances aro
placed and adapted to operate so as to translate electric energy into light heat or
motive power or for any or all of such purposes. These electric magazines have
their positive elements connected with the earth portion of the circuit the electrical
circuit being completed through these magazines by connecting their negative
clements with the insulated portion of the circuit. It will be understood that as
the generating or storage devices' or both are connected in a similar manner and
insulated from earth otherwise than by the terminals and as the potential of the 4
prime store generator or other distributor of the system is higher than that of the
subsidiary or auxiliary stores or parts of the electrical system the current flows
freely with a minimum resistance along the water or gas pipes throughout a city
or along a water course or deep substrata of the earth, or along a railway line or
any combination of them I arrange my reservoirs so as to provide for their being
charged by a current so transmitted and they may be. connected with such water
main or other conductor directly and preferably through the medium of carbon or
coke terminals granulated or otherwise the current can by such means be trans-
mitted to supply a city or a railway line however extended with less loss and less
prime cost than would otherwise be necessary and I am enabled to more effectually
and economically provide for distributing energy with high or low tension currents
and for the regulation and utilization of the curronts in an clectrical system, I

page_text: preferably work with an accumulation of power in the form of electric energy at
my generating station or at various points throughout the system as by these
means I not only provide a reserve but reduce the prime cost of my generating
devices as such devices can be constantly employed under such method of working
and the earth provides a conductor of unlimited capacity for transmitting and
storing the energy the currents being conducted into the various circuits mains
branches and sub branches in accordance with the consumption or translation of
energy into light heat or motive power or in accordance with the accumulation or
storage of energy and the utilization of such energy in or throughout the electrical
system either to be utilized upon portable systems or devices or otherwise as herein.
provided for or set forth in the said former Letters Patent. And by the employ-
inent of the improvements herein provided for and constructed to a mathematically
correct or uniform standard I am enabled to provide for regulating or varying the
tension or force of the current in one or more of the discharging circuits or in one
or more of the main charging circuits or in any combination of circuits in an
electrical system or for any application or use for which such energy may be
employed or be designed to be employed. And by constructing the translating
accumulating converting or regulating and measuring devices or the generating
devices so as to provide for working to a uniform standard or thickness of
material and with an extended width I am enabled to provide for generating
accumulating or translating electric energy with mathematical correctness and with
greater economy than hitherto practised and I vary the conductivity of the conducting
elements of such generating accumulating or translating devices by varying princi-
pally or entirely the width and length or length alone of the conducting parts of
the generators motors or incandescent lamps magnets solenoids or similar devicos
adapted to form part of or be connected in an electric circuit of an electrical
system of distribution and by varying principally or entirely the width and
length or length alone of the conducting and accumulating parts of the storing
or conductiug devices adapted to form part of an electric circuit either as a
charging or discharging part or both so as to provide for varying or regulating
the force of the current in one or more charging or discharging or other
circuits of the system in accordance with the conductivity and radiating surfaco
of an incandescent lamp constructed as herein described for minimizing the
consumption of electric energy per candle power or in accordance with the
conductivity or inducing surface or surfaces of the element or elements of an
electric motor or a series of them constructed as herein described for minimizing
the consumption of electric energy per unit of motive power developed from each
unit of electric energy converted, or in accordanco with the conductivity or
inducing surface, surfaces or parts of a magnet solenoid or similar device con-
structed under my method for minimizing the consumption of electric energy
per unit of power developed by such device in the translation of each unit of
electric energy converted thereby or in accordance with the conductivity or
resistance in the formation or maintenance of a voltaic are between the electrodes
of an arc lamp or series of them or in accordance with the conductivity or
carrying capacity of one or more of the conductors in the electrical charging or
discharging circuit or in accordance with the tension of the current employed in
one or inore of such circuits or with the external resistance in the charging or
discharging circuits.
Under this method of constructing the appliancos to be used in an electrical
system of distribution I am enabled to materially reduce the consumption of energy
for the development of light by incandescence and to reduce the consumption of
energy per unit of electric energy translated into motive power through the medium
of electric motors or engines and to reduce the consumption of energy in the
working of regulating devices cut offs circuit makers or other appliances adapted to
be operated through the agency of electric energy through the medium of magnets
and armatures solenoids or the like either for the regulation of arc lamps or for
governing the supply of electric current in the main branch sub branch or derived or

page_text: loop circuits or any combination of them with return circuit by earth or the reverse
or coupled in parallel circuit parallel series or series with an electrical insulated
circuit or with return by earth or the reverse or any combination of such electrical
circuits with or without storing or accumulating devices in or adapted to be operated
in such circuits or any combination of such circuits as is herein provided for. In
proportion as I provide for reducing the consumption of electric energy for the
development of light or heat or motive power or for any or all of such purposes
I provide for decreasing the carrying capacity of the electrical conductors of the
system or of the main electrical conductor or conductors of the system whether
such conductors shall be an insulated circuit with the translating devices connected
therewith in series parallel circuit multiple series or series in the derived circuits or
with the translating devices adapted to operate singly or in series or in parallel
series or in multiple series with the return circuit by earth or by an insulated
conductor or with the translating devices adapted to operate in one or more circuits
supplied from one or more accumulating or storing devices adapted to be charged or
revivified from one or more of the main charging circuits adapted to operate with
an insulated circuit or with a return circuit by earth or any combinations of such
circuits.
In order to provide for the construction of such a system and of devices and
means to be used therefor therein or therewith or adapted to operate so as to
provide for such results I construct my generating devices say a dynamo or
magneto electric machine or a battery of them with its or their conducting
elements or parts adapted to form part of the electrical circuit of the system or
adapted to provide for the production of the energy used by constructing or
forming the conducting elements or parts in which the currents are induced of a
minimum or uniform section of conducting material in thickness and with an
extended width or of such width as to provide for conveying the current induced
under the inductive action of the poles of the magnets into the external circuit or
into accumulating storing or converting devices adapted to operate in conjunction
therewith. These conducting surfaces are arranged and adapted to operate so as to
provide the most extended surface possible under the inductive action of the poles
with a minimum amount of conducting material in section as before stated. The
edges of the conducting material may be presented to the inductive pole or poles of
the magnetic fields or the surface of the conducting material in width principally
or entirely may be adapted to operate in close proximity to or under the inductive
action of the pole or poles in the magnetic fields. Or I may provide a series of
superposed layers or a continuous coil or a series of rings of different diameters
arranged at the ends of the armature or upon the periphery or a series of them
between the periphery and the axis built up or formed by deposition moulding
stamping or otherwise and of magnetic or non magnetic material or both magnetic
and non magnetic material the magnetic and non magnetic material being insulated
from each other or not.
In some cases I simply increase the diameter of the armature or rotating part
and form the conducting material upon such part with a minimum section of
conducting material in thickness and the width of the conductor will regulate the
conductivity or internal resistance in the machine or the internal resistance or
conductivity of the material employed for magnetizing a magnet or a series of
them in such machine. The inductive pole or poles are also increased in size or
built up or formed with a series of bars of magnetic material or a series of magnets
adapted to operate as one magnet or as a series and arranged at the sides or ends of
the armature which preferably has the form of a thin disc or fly wheel with or
without apertures or openings between the faces of the poles through the magnetic
ring plate coil or cut disc or ring or series of them combined so as to form a coil
which may be connected with the external circuit by terminals extending from the
ends thereof to rings collectors or commutators mounted on the shafts of such
armature and the conducting material may be deposited in a thin layer electrically
chemically by fusion moulding or otherwise upon such magnetic ring or coil. and in

page_text: accordance with the width of the conducting material in section I regulate the
carrying capacity of such conductor or element or the internal resistance of the
machine and I provide an extended surface with a minimum amount of
conducting material in sectional thickness and I provide for having an extended
surface adapted to operate in conjunction with or under the influence of the
inductive pole or poles of the magnets. The shape of the conducting material may
be that of the surface of a series of bars united together alternately so as to form a
continuous conductor or in sections or a continuous conductor in sections with the
ends thereof extending to the rings or commutators upon the axle when such
conducting material shall be mounted upon the moving part or such conducting
material adapted to form part of the external circuit may be formed upon the
stationary rings magnets or elements and arranged to operate in conjunction with
movable or rotating magnet or magnets so that the current will be induced in the
inducting and conducting portion of the stationary element or elements connected
with or adapted to form part of the external circuit.
I preferably employ a class of machines for this purpose described in my former
Letters Patent Dated the 6th day of January 1882 No 85. by which I obviate the
necessity for the reversal of the current through the elements adapted to form part
of the external circuit.
I construct the motors in a similar manner having its elements constructed or
formed with a minimum amount of conducting material in section or thickness
with an extended width of conducting material in section and adapted to have a
series of strips or parts with a minimum section with the edges in close proximity
to the inductive pole or poles or with the width or coil of such clement or elements
in close proximity to the inductive pole or poles or upon the ends or periphery or
inductive parts of the magnetic poles or elements of the machine.
These conducting elements may have the form of a continuous coil on the ends of
the armature or be a continuous coil or fold of conducting material as a single
conductor adapted to operate in conjunction with a pole or poles of the same
denomination upon one or both sides or ends of the armature or with poles or a
series of poles of opposite denomination arranged at the ends of the armature and
opposite each other so that the lines of force will be directly across the conducting
material so as to form but one and an intense magnetic field the conducting
element being connected with the external circuit at its ends extending to the
circuit maker rings or commutator upon the axle or one conductor may be formed
on each side of a form or magnetic ring so that the current at one side will be in a
reverse direction through the conducting element to that on the other side each
conducting element having its distinct terminals extending to the rings or com-
mutators upon the axle and the currents may be utilized independently or be
combined through a grouping box or the external circuit
In order to provide for the construction of magnets electro magnets solenoids or
the elements of electrical machines and to provide for an extended conducting and
inductive surface with a minimum amount of conducting material in thickness and
to provide for a greater surface of the inductors armatures or parts adapted to
operate in conjunction with an electro magnet or a solenoid or adapted to form the
elements of an electrical machine for the generation of electric currents or the
translation of electric currents into motive power I sometimes build up or form a
magnet by employing a very thin sheet or layer or a series of sheets or layers of
magnetic material which I sometimes coat or cover with insulating material and
apply upon such insulation a material which has an affinity for metal and I place
such pieces or parts in an electro-plating or chemical bath which will provide for
the deposition of the conducting material in a thin layer over the parts so treated.
The parts so treated may be subsequently so placed or packed together with or
without insulation between them or with or without alternate bars or strips being
connected at their alternate ends or parts so as to form a continuous circuit and be
applicable for use as a magnet or a solenoid either in a generating machine or
electric motor or for other purposes or I may employ a sheet of magnetic material

page_text: coated or covered with insulation and with conducting material with or without
subsequent insulation and coil or fold such sheet upon itself with the terminals
extending from the two ends of the sheet. Or the conducting material may be
poured into or forced into moulds with or without pressure so as to provide for
the conducting material permeating all the interstices between the bars or plates
or folds of magnetic material which in some cases are coated with pyro insulation.
Or I may build up or form a series of discs of magnetic and conducting material
so as to form a central aperture adapted to receive and act upon a coro or
armature.
I sometimes form a solenoid or magnet having a central opening or portion in
the form of a cross or with recesses adapted to receive the wings or projections
attached to or forming part of the core of such device and instead of making the
body of the solenoid circular I may provide for it having a similar form on its
outer part and I deposit the conducting material in a thin layer with an extended
width around the body or form of the solenoid or secure the conducting material
in the desired position within recesses or upon projections or upon the body of the
armature by pouring or forcing the conducting material into a mould with or
without pressure
In the construction of these magnets solenoids motors or generating machines I
work to a given standard of conducting material in thickness and with an extended.
-width in accordance with the standard motor solenoid magnet or generating
machine and vary the width and length of or the length alone of the conducting
material employed in the construction of such devices as I vary the inductive
surface, surfaces or parts adapted to operate in conjunction with each other for the
development of an electric current or for the translation of an electric current into
motive power or as I wish to provide for varying from a certain standard or power
of the machine or device or as I wish to provide for varying the consumption of
electric energy through the medium of such devices or as I wish to provide for the
distribution subdivision and utilization of electric currents in an electrical system.
It has been hitherto the practice to materially increase the resistance in the con-
ducting material or elements of such devices or of electric lamps or to work with
high resistance in such devices, but I prefer to reverse the method of working and
operate in the translating circuits especially within houses works or upon railway
trains or portable objects with apparatus adapted to translate electric currents of
low electro motive force as my method of constructing the devices or parts and
working an electrical system especially provides for and renders such method of
working practicable as well as the utilization of currents of high tension or force if
desired especially for lighting streets, coasts harbours railway lines or other uses
by the employment of reservoirs in or throughout the system and at various parts
of the system, or by varying the conductivity or charging surface of the conductors
..connected with earth and by utilizing the conducting surface of minimum section
or thickness and an extended width I am enabled to carry my improvements into
practice and distribute and utilize energy more economically than hitherto and I
also construct my electrical conductors in a somewhat similar manner of a series of
thin sheets of conducting material or of a sheet creased or folded upon itself with
a minimum amount of material in section and I enclose such conductor within
suitable insulation with or without metallic coverings or the outer covering may bo
connected with or form partly or entirely the portion of the electrical circuit con-
nected with the positive element of the generators or accumulators or any
combination of them as herein provided for.
In constructing the light emitting portions of conductors for electric lamps I
sometimes compress mould or form the conducting material of metal or carbon or
metal iridium iron nickel platinum or other suitable metal or alloy of metals mixed
or amalgainated by fusion or otherwise with a material or compound which is
indestructible and by which the resistance of the conducting material will be
increased in proportion to the amount of such material so amalgamated with the
metal metallic alloy or other conducting material I may employ basic materials for

page_text: instance chalk lime fluor-spar french chalk or calcined material or compounds or
the compounds of magnesiuin calcium or metallic oxides basalt or any combination
of such materials which may be mixed with the conducting material in certain
quantities by fusion preferably through the medium of the electric current such
material being then compressed while heated into thin sheets layers or films per-
forated angular or otherwise preferably of the desired shape to constitute the light
emitting portion of the conductors with increased amount of material at parts of
the same so as to provide for the terminal attachments which may be fused or
carbonized to form a perfect union the terminals may be adapted to extend in the
same or opposite directions through the enclosing chamber as usually employed for
incandescent lighting the conductors may have the form of a flat loop with or
without a flat circular head or a loop with angular projections, corrugations or
apertures or perforations or a ring with the material distributed in a layer
principally as a flat surface with or without corrugations perforations apertures, or
angular projections or in the form of a cone double cone sphere semi spherical
or equivalent surfaces curved with or without corrugations apertures or angular
projections or in the form of a sheet ribbon or cross the sheets blades or wings
having straight or curved edges presenting principally a Hat surface or curved or
angular surface or a surface with or without corrugations, apertures or angular
projections or such last named forms may be built up of such sheets or surfaces so
as to present an illuminating surface in the form of a triangle cone pyramid sphero
with or without the central portion semisphere H shaped or having two three or a
greater number of wings or projections adapted to constitute the light giving
portion of the conductor. Theso various forms may provide for the deposition of
iridium platinum iron nickel or other suitable metal or alloys of these or other
metals or carbon or 1 may provide by the deposition of such materials mechanically
electrically chemically or through the direct application of heat or by a combination
of such means. I also provide for building up or forming the chambers of trans-
parent or semi-transparent material of these various forms so as to provide for the
distribution and supporting of conducting materials of a low resistance mixed or
amalgamated with phorescent materials or compounds. Or I mix or amalgamato
phosphorescent materials with motal say silver mercury carbon or other metals or
inaterials.
The metal may be fused amalgamated or mixed with such phosphorescent
material and rolled or stamped into sheets or thin layers with a minimum or
uniform amount of material in section or thickness with an extended radiating
surface in width or in sectional width and preferably of the special forms of con-
ductors herein provided for or these phosphorescent materials or compounds may
be applied upon a conducting or non conducting base having the special forms or
shape herein provided for and adapted for the development of light from an extended
surface with a minimum consumption of electric energy. The terminals may be
compressed moulded imbedded or otherwise secured to these conductors adapted to
develop light partly or entirely from the phosphorescence material. These terminals
may be adapted to extend in the same direction from the light emitting portions of
the conductor. Or they may extend in opposite directions.
I preferably enclose these conductors within a transparent globe or chamber and
exhaust the air or deleterious gases from such chamber by the direct application of
heat through the medium of the electric current or otherwise and a liquid or
liquifiable conductor or material. Or by the ordinary process of a vacuum pump
the terminals being sealed to the neck or some portion of such chamber or globe so
as to provide for supporting such light emitting conductor or such material may
be distributed in a thin layer over or upon a suitably formed transparent surface
either flat curved angular convex spherical semispherical or other form as herein
specially provided for and molten glass or other suitable covering material may be
compressed moulded or applied so as to provide for hermetically sealing or enclosing
such conducting material
Under this last construction I preferably apply the portions designed to admit

page_text: light upon the base or form when in a heated condition and subsequently apply
the material designed to coat cover or encase the same while such material shall
be in a heated condition and by compressing the parts within a mould of the
desired form or by rolling I provide for the completion of such lighting apparatus
with the terminals extending therefrom.
This method of constructing the lamps is also applicable for the construction of
lighting apparatus in which the conducting material or materials or conducting
material and form which supports the same is composed of other substance or
materials. Or such conducting material in which a phosphorescent substance or
compound is employed may be coated or covered with a transparent or semi-
transparent material applied in solution and caused to adhere to such light emitting
portions by heat or otherwise with or without pressure. The coating may be
applied when heat is developed by an electric current; under such conditions I
may provide for supporting such a fine film of conducting material as would
otherwise be difficult and also provide for protecting the conductors
In some cases I provide for building up or forming the light emitting portions of
the lamp by the employment of basic or metallic salts or oxides in solution mixed
with carbon or metal or both with or without metallic oxides or indestructible
material in a finely divided state distributed in thin layers mechanically or by
pressure within moulds and by the passage of the electric current the parts become
united into one and supported by the indestructible material through the agency
of the electric current, preferably being compressed in the desired shape while so
treated the terminals being secured therewith.
In some cases I provide for building up or forming the light emitting portions of
a conductor by the deposition of carbon or metal or both in solution with a solution
of some material or metal which is indestructible under the heat designed to be
applied in the incandescent lamps such materials can be applied mechanically or
electrically through the agency of heat or may be applied upon an insulating and
indestructible form or support or can be deposited upon a suitable surface from
which they can be removed through the medium of chemical agents or heat or such
solutions may be poured into moulds and by the application of heat and pressure
the particles remaining can be compressed into a solid and homogeneous structure
filament or structure the terminals may be extended into the mould and adapted to
provide for the completion of the conductors with enlargements at the points of
union or light defining portions or basis materials metallic oxides may be employed
to form the light emitting portions from solutions or by fusion, the terminals being
combined therewith while the material is in a liquid or molten condition.
1 sometimes arrange the terminals of the conductors within a mould either as a
continuous conductor or otherwise or insert such conductors through a suitable
aperture or in suitable recesses so that the material can be compressed formed or
united upon or with the terminals and the light emitting portions formed or
distributed in thin layers as herein provided for. The light emitting portions may
be formed from paste of carbonaceous or metallic substance or both with or without
being amalgamated with basic or indestructible material in solution.
I sometimes form the light emitting portions of the lamp by the deposition of
carbon mechanically chemically or through the agency of heat or any combination
of them upon thin sheets of indestructible material formed from the solutions of
basic or metallic substances, these forms are of a minimum section in thickness
with an extended width with or without angular projections preferably of the
forms as herein set forth and such form or support may be secured to the terminals
with enlargements and the conducting material may be deposited as before stated.
The base may be formed upon a suitably prepared surface having recesses and
projections of the desired depth to provide for holding the material in solution and
giving the desired form or one part may be made to fit into another so as to
constitute a mould. This same method is applicable for forming the conducting
materials from solutions or pasty materials, beat may be applied to such mould to
complete the form or conductor. In some cases I provide a support for the light

page_text: emitting portion or conductor or for forming the light emitting portion by the
employment of french chalk cut or turned or moulded under pressure into the
shape herein specially provided for giving an extended surface with a minimum
.section of conducting material in thickness I deposit the conducting material or
uny of them as herein provided for upon such form either partially or entirely.
I sometimes provide a support composed of similar material through which the
conductors may extend or be formed upon. These forms or supports may be
adapted to develop light from a loop-ring or other surface as herein stated and the
terminals may be first attached to the form; for my standard lamps I prefer to
reduce the amount of material to a uniform and minimum section of indestructible
and insulating material in thickness so as to reduce to a minimum the consumption
of energy for a given amount of light. Under my system of forming the light
emitting portions of the conductor it is possible to obtain several hundred candle
power more of light per horse power expended from incandescent lighting than by
other systems.
I also provide for the building up or forming of the conducting materials in thin
films or layers by the photographic process the conducting portions may be
composed of metal or carbon or both and the terminals combined therewith in any
preferred manner.
By this means I am enabled to form and construct the light emitting portions of
the conductors with a rapidity uniformity and of a minimum section of material
in thickness and width with an extended surface in width.
These forms may be subsequently coated with carbon or metal the terminals or
conductors being combined by-carbonizing electro plating or fusion. Enlargements
may also be provided upon such formed conductors by the employment of the
surfaces or plates provided with the recesses containing the necessary excess of
material or as a modification of this process I provide the form of the conductors
upon plates coated or covered with a pyro-insulating material or a suitable
insulating baso, or I stamp the form of the conductors by the employment of
carbonaceous or metallic solutions or compounds or upon an insulating base or upon
metallic sheets not insulated. Or I stamp the form by depositing carbonaceous or
metallic materials or a combination of such materials upon suitable surfaces
somewhat similar to a process of printing. This deposited material may be forced
onto the plates or surfaces by passing then one or more times between rolls or
stamping devices. Or such deposited material may form the groundwork for the
deposition of metal or carbon and the base or support may be detached from the
so formed conductors by the application of heat, chemical agents, mechanically or
otherwise.
I sometimes utilize extended surfaces adapted to provide for the passage of the
electric current through phosphorescent material amalgamated with metallic or
other conducting material with or without being conted with a varnish or a
vitreous or transparent coating. This material may be applied in a similar manner
to paint or varnish, to a railway carriage or compartment or a part of the same or
to some object or device therein or to some part or parts of a room or building
such as the ceilings or walls or to devices arranged in such room or building. Or
this material may be applied to mirrors picture frames or ornaments or to other
devices designed for use. The electrical connections may be combined with such
devices and extend through or into or around them and thence to the generating
device or devices or a store or stores of electric energy preferably the store or
reserve of energy. 1 interpose a circuit maker or resistance or both in the electrical
circuit between the source or store of electric energy and the device or devices so
as to provide for illuminating spaces rooms compartiments or objects and regulating
the intensity of such illumination and the consumption of electric energy.
I sometimes apply a. phosphorescent and metallic amalgam as a thin film or
layer upon an extended surface of transparent material the terminals extending
therefrom being united with the light emitting portions by enlargements...These
C

page_text: materials may be cemented together or covered by a pyro-insulating material
which may be adapted to permeate and form part of the conductor preferably of
the forms herein specially provided for and adapted to operate in or in conjunction
with an electrical system in a similar manner to other lamps as herein stated.
When I employ transparent or semi-transparent chamber so as to provide for
supporting especially the fluorescent or phosphorescent material amalgam or com-
pound forming the conductors or light radiating surface or surfaces I preferably
form them so as to present a surface or surfaces somewhat similar to the surface or
surfaces of the conductors moulded or otherwise formed and supported as herein
set forth. I preferably form these chambers within moulds or dies to the desired
shape and provide for one part fitting into or over another part so as to distribute
the radiating surface for the development of light in a thin layer or layers and I
preferably work to a minimum and uniform section of material in thickness and to
a standard width and conductivity of the conductor in accordance with the candle
power desired as per the standard lamp and I vary the length of the conductor
maintaining a minimum or standard section of material in thickness and a standard
width of material as I wish to vary the candle power of different lamps or I vary
both the width and length of the conductors from a certain standard as I wish to
provide lamps of different candle power and as I wish to provide for sub-dividing.
or utilizing electric currents in an electrical system of distribution. I sometimes
employ conductors presenting the appearance of a coil and with thoir edges 'upon
the same plane and in accordance with the number of convolutions I provide for
varying the candle power; or the edges may be at an angle to each other, or I
may provide a coil having exteriorly the form of a cone or other shape as may be
desired and in accordance with the length of the conductor or both the length and
width thereof I provido for varying the candle power and working to a minimum
or standard section of material in thickness.
I sometimes build up support or form the incandescent or light emitting portions
of lamps or lights by the employment of sheets or conductors which have a
minimum section in thickness with an extended width and composed of carbon or
carbon mixed or amalgamated with a metal or metallic alloy or with basic material
or metallic oxides or other indestructible material or compound or any combination
of such materials. And I coat or cover such sheets or conductors with a pyro-
insulating material which may be applied to the said conductors when they are
heated by the electric current or may be itself heated and applied in a liquid
condition or the conductors may be dipped into such materials. And I sometimes
construct chambers adapted to be employed for the development of light through
the medium of gases or gaseous compounds or liquids so as to provide for the
distribution of material in thin layers or sheets somewhat of the forms herein
provided in the formation of the conductors by moulding compression or otherwise
The light being developed from such gas I regulate and vary the resistance and
radiating surface as before stated; each set of the terminals or conductors may
extend into chambers where the gas is contained at one or more points and tlie
points may be in close proximity and arranged equidistant from each other or the
conductors may be coiled around the inside and outside or the two opposite surfaces
or parts.
I sometimes provide for compressing basic or metallic oxides or other indestruc-
tible materials or compounds in the construction of the supports or forms or the
parts themselves designed to form partly or entirely the incandescent or light
emitting portions of the conductors. For this purpose I preferably employ the
electric current so as to fuse the material or compounds or some part of them so
that the stamping die will readily compress such material into thin layers or sheets
preferably of the forms herein stated.
In constructing these various conductors adapted to provide for the development
of light and for use in an electrical system of distribution I provide for varying the
radiating surfaces and resistances and regulating the resistances of the conductors

page_text: and for forming or building or supporting the same as herein provided for. I also
provide for utilizing such conductors in or in combination with an electrical system
or the improvements and methods of working an electrical system or apparatus for
the development of light as herein set forth or provided for in the specifications of
the former Letters Patent or any combination of them.
I sometimes employ the phosphorescent materials in connection with electric
heaters either as a coating or covering to some part of the same or for building up
the heating or lighting portion or I may employ such materials as a casing or
covering
The construction of these various special forms of conductors or lighting apparatus
herein described provides for utilizing the entire or most of the surface of the
conducting material, or provides for the most extended surface and the development
and radiation of light from such surface with a minimum amount of conducting
material in thickness reducing to a mathematical question the consumption of
electric energy per candle power.
These conductors may be made of such resistance as to be suited for the
transmission of such electric energy. direct from the generating devices where the
pressure is maintained at a uniformity with or without the employment of.accumu-
lating devices at the generating source or in the electrical system of distribution
and with or without other regulating devices than the accumulating devices for
regulating the flow of the electric current into one or more or all of the translating
circuits of the electric system. But I prefer to provide for regulating the force or
tension of the current in the discharging or translating circuits as herein set forth
irrespective of the force of the current transmitted from the generator or prime
storage system.
By such means I am enabled to provide for the generation distribution and
translation of electric energy for lighting purposes and for the use of a minimum
section of conducting material in the length of the main electrical circuit. And I
am further enabled to provide for the translation of electric energy either for
electric lighting or any other purposes in the translating or working circuits with
economy and safety and. to employ electric lamps of low resistance with an extended
Burface in width or cross section and with a minimum section of material in
thickness and from the construction of the lamps herein described I can provide for
a large reduction in the consumption of electric energy for the development of
light as I am enabled to employ a minimum or standard section of material in
thickness and I regulate the conductivity of the conductor by varing from or
employing a standard width of radiating surface as set forth as I wish to provide
for subdividing the current in the working or translating circuits. This method of
constructing electric lamps provides for materially decreasing or diminishing the
amount of metal in section required in the lengths of the main conductors of an
electrical system of distribution and the conductivity or carrying capacity of the
conductors in the loop derived or translating or working circuits can be increased
so as to provide for the reduction or regulation of the tension of the currents in
such circuits as herein, set forth. Or I may work with a conductor of high
resistance having a standard section in width with a minimum amount of material
in thickness and I may vary the width and length of such conductor in certain
proportions as I wish to provide for varying the candle power of different lamps in
an electrical system of distribution and where I provide for accumulating energy
for the discharging or translating circuits I construct the accumulating or converting
devices to a certain standard and vary the charging surface or capacity of such
device as I wish to provide for the accumulation of energy in or throughout an
electrical system of distribution. And I provide for varying the resistance in such
accumulating or converting devices in accordance with the resistance in the
external or discharging circuit and I provide for regulating or varying the
resistance in the derived loop or translating circuits by the employment of electric
lamps constructed to a certain standard and adapted to operate. in series multiple

page_text: are multiple series or parallel circuit or in series in such parallel circuit by varying
.the resistance and radiating surface in different lamps and working to a standard
section or conductivity in thickness of light emitting or conducting material. The
conducting material or light emitting parts may have any of the forms herein
specially provided for. And in such an electrical system of distribution I provido a
storing or accumulating device or devices constructed to a certain standard with
conductors leading to and from the elements of such device or devices of a standard
conductivity in accordance with the capacity of such storing or accumulating
device or devices and in accordance with the internal resistance of the same or in
accordance with the tension of the current in the charging circuit or the tension of
the current in the discharging circuit and the apparatus or devices adapted to
operate in such discharging circuits for the development of light heat or motive
power or for other purposes or applications or. for any or all of such purposes that
is to say in accordance with the radiating surface and resistance in the light
emitting portions of an electric lamp (incandescent,) in multiple are or multiple
series or lamps in series I provide for regulating the tension of the current in the
working or translating circuit or circuits by the employment of accumulating or
converting devices constructed to a certain standard with the parts in connection
therewith adapted to operate as herein stated. And I provide for varying the
supply of electric energy at different points or places or in independent or translating
circuits and for varying the electro motive force or tension of the current in such
circuits in or throughout the electrical system either as a stationary system or as a
portable one. (for instance in the equipment of vehicles wagons or railway trains
vessels boats or steamers) or any.combination of the same by varying the charging
or storing capacity of the accumulating storing or converting devices and the
internal resistance of such devices from a certain standard and varying the
conductivity of the conductors to or from the elements of such devices in accordance
with the internal resistance use or position of such device or in accordance with the
tension of the current in the charging circuit to such device or devices or the
tension of the current designed to be used in the discharging circuit and the
apparatus or devices adapted to be charged from or operate in the discharging or
working circuits as herein stated.
I provide for regulating the supply of energy by the employment of the
'accumulating or converting devices and I regulate the force of the current in the
discharging or working circuits in which one or more electric motors are adapted to
operate either in parallel circuits or series by the employment of an accumulating
or converting device devices or a series of them constructed to a certain standard
or arranged or adapted to operate so as to provide for such result as may be
desired so that the tension of the current in the discharging or working circuit
containing one or more motors will be of such force as to be suited to the motors in
such circuit that is to say in accordance with the inductive surface or surfaces and
internal resistance of such motors I provide for regulating the tension of tho
current in the discharging circuits. And I provide for varying the supply and
.tension of the current in the motor circuits and varying the conductivity of the
conductors or resistance in such circuits by varying the resistance or conductivity
of the accumulating storing or converting devices or any combination of such
devices in accordance with the inductive surface or surfaces and the internal
resistance in the motors or devices adapted to provide for the translation of electric
energy into motive power.
I provide for constructing my electric heaters to a certain standard or varying
from such standard and regulating the supply of electric energy and tension of the
current in such translating circuit in accordance, with the resistance of the con-
ductors in the heater circuit or in accordance with the radiating surface and
.resistance in such circuit.
When I employ electric reservoirs in which I provide for the accumulation of a
ons or anses ₤·sometimes provide for varving the electro motive force partly or

page_text: entirely by varying the pressure in independent accumulating devices as will be
understood from the description herein.
In order to provide for the charging of electric reservoirs forming part of a
portable electric system or device I provide a special arrangement of conductors in
the construction of such reservoirs forming part of the portable device and also
provide reservoirs at fixed points or places in some instances adapted to operate in
conjunction therewith and employ special arrangements of conductors in com-
bination with such devices so as to provide for the desired result for instance in
case the generating devices or prime store is at some distant point I provide for
transmitting the current with high force through one or more insulated conductors
to one or more electric reservoirs at one or more points or places where I wish to
provide a reserve for instance along a highway tramway or railway line or at a
wharf or along a canal or other place where it is designed to provide for accumu-
lating power upon the portable device say a wagon vehicle train vessel or other
portable object or system as herein provided for or set forth in some of the specifi-
cations of hereinbefore mentioned Letters Patent. The stationary accumulating
device and the portable device are constructed or adapted to operate in such a
manner as to provide for the force of the current from the permanent device
overcoming the internal resistance of the portable accumulating device and in order
to provide for charging the portable devices with rapidity I reduce the resistanco
in the electric circuit between these devices to a minimum by the employment of
one or more. sets of conductors adapted to provide for such a result and the
accumulating device or devices upon the portable device or devices as before stated
are provided with electrical connections of less conductivity so as to provide for
being suited to conveying the current into the translating working or discharging
circuits with less rapidity or with less force so as to permit discharging over a
greater period of time than that required for charging and so as to be adapted to
supply and regulate the current in the lamp heater or motor circuit or any or all
of them in accordance with the radiating surface and resistance of the lamps
employed or in the lamp circuit or the number of lamps in series whether
incandescent or are lamps or other kinds of lamps or in accordance with the
inductive surface and resistance of the motor or series of motors or muotor circuits
or in accordance with the resistance and radiating or resistance solely in the
heaters or heater circuit ns herein described.
I may employ a series of independent accumulating devices upon different
vehicles of the train or in different parts of a vessel adapted to provide for the
translating circuits being independent of each other and the construction of these
reservoirs may be similar to those described. I may employ a charging circuit for
all these reservoirs so that they may be placed in electrical communication with
the permanent or fixed reservoirs as before stated and I provide electrical couplings
between the different vehicles so as to enable me to detach the vehicles without
interfering with the translating circuits to the lamps motors or heaters or any or
all of them if so desired. I provide automatic cut offs in the circuit or in con-
nection with these various devices so as to regulate the charging of one or more or
all of such devices as will be understood from the description herein and I employ
circuit making and breaking devices in the translating circuits adapted to control
automatically or otherwise the consumption or utilization of electric energy in such
circuits or adapted to provide for controlling one or more translating devices in
such circuits or any combination of such circuit controlling devices.
The accumulating devices may be adapted to operate through the medium of
gases with high or low pressure or with varying pressures as herein provided for
· I sometimes arrange these accumulating devices or electric reservoirs to operate
through the medium of gas electro chemically or otherwise and I sometimes
arrange such devices in groups or series or a combination of such devices with
others for regulating or converting the force of the current in groups or series at
the fixed points so as to provide for regulating or varying the force or supply of
the current at will through the medium of a commutator or circuit making device

page_text: automatically or otherwise operating so as to provide for charging portable
reservoirs on trains wagons vehicles tricycles or other objects and I sometimes
employ similar means arranged upon the train or other portable object so as to
provide for regulating or varying the resistance against the force of the charging
current or for regulating or varying the force of the current in one or more
discharging or translating circuits upon the vehicle or train or upon different
vehicles of the train.
The improvements in connection with the accumulating devices are also applicable
in the construction of portable electric lamps. I connect the terminals of
an incandescent conductor or other form of conductors say phosphorescent or
fluorescent gas of electric lamps with the elements of the accumulating device or
devices and adapt the same to be charged through conductors of greater conduc-
tivity than the discharging conductors or through the medium of devices for
charging with greater rapidity or in less time than the energy can be consumed in
the development of the light I vary the conductivity in the charging and discharging
circuits from the elements of the accumulating device connected with and forming
part of the equipment of a lamp stand or holder and I provide a circuit maker for
controlling the circuit to the conductor which emits light. I preferably employ the
forms of conductor hercin provided for to develop light with economy and I also
construct these conductors to a certain standard width and a minimum or uniform
section of material in thickness of low resistance.
I preferably work in my electrical system of distribution in a somewhat similar
manner that is to say instead of employing lamps of high resistance in houses
works and the like, or in the equipment of steamers railway carriages or trains or
other portable objects. I employ the special forms of conductors herein provided
for and work with an extended width of conducting material in section and a
minimum section in length for my standard lamps the length not being less than
the width and I vary from this standard as I wish to provide for varying the
radiating surface and consumption of energy as herein stated.
Under this method of working an electrical system of distribution I am enabled
to employ standard lamps say having a resistance of 5 to 20 ohms or any other
number of ohms of low resistance and provide an extended radiating surface and
without materially affecting the prime cost of my electrical system of distribution
as I am enabled to provide for utilizing any tension of current in the main electrical
circuits and to provide for utilizing any form of generator or any natural force
without being dependent upon a uniform speed of the generator or even a uniform
generation of current as I regulate the tension of the current through the medium
of converters or accumulating devices so as to practically render the generation
distinct from the translation
In the construction of the elements of my motors or generators I work to a
standard with a minimum or uniform amount of conducting material in thickness
and a standard width of material in section and a standard length in accordance
ns I wish to provide for the construction of my standard motor and as I wish to
increase or decrease the power of different motors I vary the inductive surface in
width and length or solely in length in certain proportions and by such means I
am enabled in a system for distributing regulating and utilizing electric currents
to provide for mathematically regulating the translation of electric energy into
motive power and in accordance with the conducting and inducting surfaces under
this construction (which provides for utilizing a given amount of current over a
greater surface than hitherto practised thereby giving greater efficiency) I am
enabled to construct my electric motors according to a somewhat similar method of
providing an extended surface with a minimum or small amount of conducting
material in section and an extended width or inductive surface in the elements of
the motor as herein more fully set forth. Various modification or details of
construction in order to provide for such a result in the construction of the elements
of electric motors or electrical machines or the elements of magnets or solenoids or

page_text: parts adapted to operate in conjunction therewith and their various applications,
combinations and uses in an electrical system of distribution will be included in
subsequent applications for Letters Patent.
The improvements herein described or any portion or combination of them are
intended to be used in combination with or independently of the improvements set
forth in the Specifications of the aforesaid former Letters Patent and Provisional
Specification or as set forth in the Specifications of former Letters Patent N° 5233
dated November 30th A.D 1881. N° 5742 December 31st A.D. 1881. N° 85 dated
January 6th A.D 1882 and N° 224 dated January 16th A.D 1882 or any combina-
tion of them

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Stokes Williams in the Great Seal Patent Office on 'tho
30th June 1883.
JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS of Riverton, New Jersey, United States of America
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION, STORAGE, DISTRIBUTION,
REGULATION, MEASUREMENT, AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND
APPARATUS
OR MEANS THEREFOR AND IN METHODS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH APPARATUS OR PARTS THEREOF
"
My invention consists in improvements in and relating to the generation storage
distribution regulation measurement and utilization of electricity and apparatus or
means therefor and in methods or means to be employed in the construction of
such apparatus or parts thereof
I have provided for constructing and working an electrical system of distri-
bution somewhat similar to the method of constructing and working a water or
gas system of distribution. The improvements described in the specifications of
my former Letters Patent dated February 13th 1882 N° 700 February 16th 1882
No 766 February 22nd 1882 N° 856 March 10th 1882 No 1174 March 30th 1882
N° 1556 May 30th 1882 N° 2558 and in my Provisional Specification filed
August 22 1882 N° 4034 provide for such a result.
I propose to utilize these various improvements and methods of working and to
provide further improvements methods or means and apparatus to be used in
connection therewith or independently thereof in an apparatus or system of
electrical distribution so as to enable me to utilize the earth railway lines or tracks
water and gas conductors or water channels (provided by boring or otherwise)
for conducting or transmitting electric currents with a return insulated conductor
or conductors and I place the translating devices in a derived circuit from the
earth or uninsulated conductor or conductors or from the electric magazine or
magazines charged through the medium of such electric circuit. The translating
devices can be adapted to operate in such circuit in multiple are multiple series
parallel circuit or series or upon a loop from the series or derived circuit so as to
provide for the independent working of different translating devices adapted to be
utilized or operated in such circuit through the medium of automatically operative
switch devices or otherwise. I provide for regulating the current flowing through
such circuit by automatically operative resistances or the variation of resistances
induction condensing converting or accumulating devices or any combination of
them which I sometimes so construct or arrange as to provide for charging one of
their parts while the other part or series may be discharging into the working
or translating circuit. And I sometimes provide automatic cut offs or switching
mechanism operated by hand, time devices electrically or otherwise or any com-
bination of such methods or means adapted to so operate as to provide for cutting
out or regulating the charging or prevent the overcharging of the accumulating
storing or converting and regulating devices adapted to discharge into a translating
or working circuit or adapted to hold energy in reserve at fixed points or places
for the purposes of charging other reservoirs or magazines either stationary or
portable or both or adapted to supply the energy. for the propulsion of vehicles 4
trains or other devices equipped with electric appliances and adapted to move or be
operated from or over fixed or determined points or places. Such devices are
adapted to provide for the translation of such energy into motive or brake power
light heat or any one or more of such purposes upon such portable objects and also
through motors heaters electric lamps (either arc or incandescent) or other electric 5

page_text: translating devices coupled in multiple arc multiple series or series as desired. I
provide for utilizing the energy at stationary or fixed points or places throughout
a district or a series of districts or throughout a city along railway lines at stations
or in connection with signalling appliances and movable mechanism required or
applicable along the lines for the shunting of trains or the crossing of trains from
one line into or over to another line or any number of lines at junctions or stations
or any combination of such mechanism or devices with signalling devices at one or
more or a series of stations or places. And by the employment of the rails of the
line the circuit may be completed through them and through the reservoirs upon
the vehicles or other portable objects or devices when the negative element or
elements are electrically connected in series parallel circuit or otherwise by an
insulated return conductor or circuit to a suitably arranged conductor which is
insulated from the earth and is connected with the negative element or elements
of the generator or battery of them or with the electric magazine or magazines
at the generating station or distant points or places or any combination of gencrating
and conserving or accumulating devices distributed throughout the electrical
system along lines or in independent or separate districts adapted solely for the
purposes of the railway or the purposes of traction over fixed or determined lines
or places or adapted to form part of or operate in conjunction with a fixed elec-
trical system of distribution (for the production of light heat or motive power or
for the electro deposition or heating of metals ores or other materials or for the
reduction or extraction of metal or metals from motallic ores or other purposes or
any combination of them) in combination with portable objects such as trains
vehicles vessels boats torpedoes or signalling appliances adapted to be operated
from or over some fixed or determined line or place the stationary and portable
portion or both portions of the electrical system having the accumulating or trans-
lating devices placed in multiple series multiple arc or series or any combination of
such circuits with returns by the insulated return couductor or circuit or such
electrical or translating devices may be in independent discharging circuits from
the accumulating or storing devices adapted to supply and make independent in
their working certain districts or sections or certain groups or kinds of translating
device or devices for utilizing electric energy in the electrical system of distribution.
The aforesaid accumulating or translating devices have their positive element or .
elements connected to the earth or to an uninsulated conductor or in other words
to provide for the induction or conduction of the current from the earth or unin-,
sulated portion of the circuit.
In order to accomplish this last named object I employ accumulating storing
converting or regulating devices preferably adapted to provide for the conservation
or accumulation of energy at certain points stations or places. These devices have
their positive clements connected with the earth or with uninsulated conductors or
connections as set forth and their negative elements connected with the insulated
return conductor or portion of the circuit. As the current flows through and from
the earth with a minimum resistance to the return or insulated circuit one or more
of the reservoirs of the system become charged by such current. I sometimes
employ automatic cut offs to regulate the charging or to prevent overcharging of
such reservoirs and I regulate the resistance in accordance with the position in uso
of the accumulating devices in the circuit or I sometimes couple them in parallel
circuit or multiple_series and charge them from the most distant point of the.
external circuit or I can so operate or charge independent groups or series of such
accumulating devices arranged at a station or at any number of stations or places
in the system. The cut offs are adapted to be operated by hand electrically
telegraphically by time mechanism or the pressure of gases or otherwise. Or they
may be operated by a column of liquid by the decomposition and recomposition of
liquids or material by heat by expansion or contraction or by light or by the
vibration or undulation of air or gases suitable mechanism being provided to
combine the devices with a resistance or a series of them adapted to operate in
such a manner as to cut the magazine out of the charging circuit. In cases where,

page_text: I employ electro-chemical batteries condensers or magazines I sometimes make use
of a series of these devices adapted to operate in such a manner that one part or
series of such batteries condensers or magazines will be in the discharging or
translating circuit when some other part or series are in the charging circuit and
when they both become charged they will be cut out of such charging circuit
leaving the discharging or translating circuit always free to supply energy to the
translating devices employed therein. I prefer that such devices should be
arranged in multiple are multiple series or series the circuit being insulated. Or
instead of employing the series of magazines operated as above described I some-
times so construct them as to provide for always charging into one part and
discharging from another part. This may be readily accomplished by the
utilization of the gases caused by the decomposition of a liquid as more fully
set forth in the Specification of my aforesaid Letters Patent Nº 2558.
Or I
sometimes construct batteries with one electro chemical element and one in which
I utilize the gas evolved by conducting it into the adjoining cell (preferably
inverted) which may be composed of a porous metallic material say lead moulded
either as pure lead or lead alloyed with other metal (with or without granulated
carbon or coke mixed therewith) which other metal may be removed chemically
electrically or otherwise. The pressure from the gas evolved is utilized for
operating upon the circuit maker either directly through a pressure valve or by
the pressure operating to complete the circuit through an electro magnet solenoid
or thermo device connected with the circuit maker in the charging circuit through
the medium of an armature or part adapted to provide for such movement.
I preferably employ a conical curved or convox piece in combination, with a
corresponding part and employ a liquid of high resistance say water or the best
insulating liquid obtainable or I provide for working through a permanent or
immovable resistance between the parts; one of these parts are attached to or
arranged in a derived circuit from the earth or main charging circuit. I form
these fitting or corresponding parts so that they may be placed in an enclosing case
or chamber of insulating material liquid tight; the circuit maker may be operated
in one direction by a spring or weight so as to be normally in the charging circuit
with the earth circuit or charging conductor. I sometimes operate this circuit
maker by employing a mercurial tube as a pressure indicator and according to the
height or column of mercury I regulate the charging. I employ a circuit through
this column of mercury. One conductor of the circuit for operating the resistance
or cut off terminates above the mercury or liquid column in its normal condition or
in the reservoir not charged or filled. This column of mercury is preferably
enclosed in a bent glass tube or the equivalent thereof and the bent portion of the
said tube is placed in communication with the gas chamber. The upper portion of
the tube may contain air which acts as a cushion or agent as against the
compression one end of the conductor terminating in such air chamber.
In order to provide for the utilization of gas reservoirs and operato more
economically and practically than hitherto I provide for working with much higher
pressure in the part directly connected with the charging circuit and supply the
part adapted to operate in the discharging circuit from the first named part;
between these parts I employ pipes or tubing for conducting the gas or gases from
the decomposing chamber into the recomposing chamber and I employ automatic
cut offs or pressure gauges which may be operated in a similar manner to the
resistance or circuit making devices just described with or without the electrical
combination to accomplish it. I prefer the electrical combination as the joints
couplings or valves can be made with less difficulty; the valves are adapted to
operate across the pipes so that the pressure of the gases from the chamber con-
taining the gases at the greatest pressure serves to hold the valve tight to its
seat and thus close the orifice suitable packing being provided if found necessary.
This valve is adapted to be raised and lowered or to move in an insulated and
perfectly gas tight chamber in which an electro magnet or other translating
device is adapted to operate in such a manner as to control the movement

page_text: of the valve which is forced across, or moved so as to close the opening
or the reverse and the electric current through the medium of the electrical circuit
completed through the liquid column provides for controlling the position of the
valve or valves dependent upon the pressure in the second chamber or discharging
circuit portion of the magazine. These devices are valuable for all purposes as
pressure gauges governors or cut offs for steam engines gas or compressed air
engines or chambers or for regulating the generation of steam or the evolution of
gases or the accumulation of power in any form. The said valve or valves may be
of any suitable construction and may be conical spherical or semispherical flat, or
of any other appropriate form or shape and may be adapted to rotate or to move
lengthwise of the opening or inlet or across it. By these means I am enabled to
provide a reserve of power or high pressure or potential in reservoirs in the
decomposing chambers or parts and to work with less pressure in the discharging
or recomposing chamber for instance I can work with say double the pressure at
times in the decomposing chamber that I may employ in the recomposing chambers.
By such means I am enabled to apply the principle of high pressure in an
electrical system of distribution or for traction purposes or for portable electric
systems or devices equipped with electrical connections and translating devices for
the production of light heat and motive power or for the purposes of traction or
impeding motion or any combination of them.
I may provide for charging reservoirs or receivers with a gas or gases through
the medium of pipes and suitably arranged cut offs or valves these reservoirs being
adapted to be employed as portable devices and to furnish the gases necessary for
gas batteries or converters connected or combined therewith or adapted to form
part of the equipment of a wagon vehicle or train either as a primary holder or
both as a primary holder and converter. When such reservoirs or receivers form
part of the equipment of an electric engine or one or more of the wagons or
vehicles of a train they may be charged from gas reservoirs arranged at fixed
points or places along a line of railway or elsewhere by providing a pipe adapted
to be brought in communication with the opening or inlet to the reservoir on the
portable object. I provide in such cases check valves adapted to operate in a
reverse manner between these reservoirs that is to say when the check valves or
cut off's which govern the supply of gas or gases from the stationary reservoir is
open the said gas or gases will automatically open the other valve against the
pressure of the gases contained in the reservoir to be charged and will hold such
valve open until the pressure or potential in both the stationary and portable
reservoirs becomes equalized. When however the gas supply pipe is disconnected
from the portable reservoir the pressure of the gas or gases in both of the
reservoirs will immediately close the said valves and thus prevent the escape of
any gas or gases therefrom. The connection between the reservoirs may be made
by telescopic hinged or flexible connections adapted to be united by a gas tight
coupling or union.
I sometimes provide for furnishing power for the operation of tramcars or other
vehicles or for lighting and heating purposes by charging the portable reservoirs
or receivers from the holders at fixed points or stations and I so construct such
reservoirs that they may be placed in connection with and supply the energy
necessary for the development of light heat or motive power in either a portable or
stationary electrical system or device. It will be understood from the foregoing
description that through the medium of electrical connections such reservoirs upon
the wagons vehicles or train can be charged or revivified electrically, worked at
high pressure and with varying pressures and such pressures automatically
regulated or cut out of the charging circuit from the permanent or fixed primary
or charging reservoirs or magazines or the generating devices. The reserves of
power along the line may be provided by employing devices or means for.con-
verting any natural force such as the wind the tide or water or the heat or rays
of the sun into electric energy and accumulating such energy or by the direct

page_text: evolution of gases from carbonaceous or other suitable materials or otherwise as
herein more fully set forth and provided for in the aforesaid specifications.
In connection with the magazines or reservoirs above mentioned I employ an
electric meter or two of them where such device is employed in an electrical
system (for the development of light heat or motive power) of distribution I can
employ the well known devices for this purpose but I prefer to employ novel
devices for this purpose for instance I employ in connection with the gas magazine
or with independent magazines at the generating station and throughout the
electrical system of distribution devices adapted to measure and register the
storage or accumulation of gas at one or more points of the electrical system.
Recording mechanism may be connected there with or arranged in the circuit or
a derived circuit and may be adapted to operate electrically dependent upon the
amount of gas decomposed. Or I may register the amount recomposed electrically
or by a pumping device operated electrically for injecting the solution from the
recomposing chamber back into the decomposing chamber or I sometimes so
construct and combine these chambers us to provide for automatically accomplishing
this result and at the same time to provide for increasing or decreasing the
resistance in the discharging circuit dependent upon the pressure of the gases in
the chambers. Under another arrangement I provide for the use of a mercurial or
liquid column (with or without an air chamber adapted to provide for the
expansion and contraction of the gas or air) which I cause to pulsate or vary in
height in accordance with the current passing and this pulsation or variation in
the height of the liquid provides the means for communicating motion to
registering mechanism which is actuated through the medium of reducing gear.
I may operate against the tension or force of a spring or weight or the movement
may be positive in both directions. Or I can employ two mercurial columns
adapted to operate so as to make and break the circuit alternately with or without
a vibrating armature designed to actuate the recording mechanism I employ
switching devices as is usual in the discharging circuits from the reservoirs or maga-
zines so as to provide for controlling the translating devices in the discharging
circuits and I vary the radiating surface or surfaces of my electric lights (either in-
candescent lamps electric gas lamps or electric phosphorescent lamps) principally in
width from a given or predetermined standard of width and section of material in
thickness of conducting or illuminating material (and supporting material insulating
or otherwise when employed) or I maintain a uniform standard of surface of width
in section and increase the length as I wish to vary the candle or illuminating
power of different lamps. I prefer to employ lamps of the construction described
in the Specification of aforesaid former Letters Patent N° 22+ and N° 2558 as I am
enabled to develop light with greater economy and efficiency than heretofore
practicable and instead of working with high resistance lamps I prefer lamps of
low resistance with an extended surfaco in width and a minimum and uniform
length per candle power which object is attained by using a mere film or sheet of
conducting or illuminating material in thickness. The conducting material may
be supported upon an insulating and indestructible base and may consist of carbon
iridium nickel iron platinum or other suitable material or compounds pulverized or
fused together and moulded and compressed into the desired form or shape with a
minimum section of material in thickness or cross section and of such width
(either standard or variable) as may be determined upon in accordance with the
material employed as more fully set forth in the Specifications of my former Letters
Patent for the construction of incandescent lamps or lighting apparatus or such as
is herein provided for. I am euabled to employ light emitting portions of low
resistance and with an extended surface in width and thereby to concentrate and
better support the conducting material either of high or low resistance and develop
a greater amount of light than at present with the same consumption of energy as
under my system of distributing electric currents I can vary and regulate the
tension of the currents in the charging and discharging circuits and to render the
discharging circuits independent of the charging circuits I accomplish this object

page_text: through the medium of converting accumulating and regulating devices as herein
described or as provided for in the Specifications of my aforesaid former Letters
Patent I also effect further improvements in practising such method of distributing
and utilizing electric currents as more fully hereinafter explained but I may say
that either in conjunction with or independently of the accumulating or storing
device or devices I provide for converting the tension of the current by the
following means that is to say I employ conductors provided with increasing or
decreasing sections which are preferably conical for a certain distance or I can
employ conductors of increased carrying capacity; by this means I am enabled
to reduce the force of the current from high tension to low tension or vice versa.
The variation in the sectional area of the conductors can be made in proportion to
the desired supply or variation of the tension of the current in the charging circuit
and the tension of the current to be used in the translating circuit which variation
of resistance or variation of sectional area or carrying capacity can be made to a
standard in accordance with the tension of the current to be utilized in the lamps
motors heaters or other translating charging discharging or working circuits. In
order to utilize such means I sometimes employ a derived circuit from the main
charging circuit having the resistance or sectional aren desired to convey the current
from the main or charging circuit or from the earth circuit (under my herein
described improvements) and I provide the necessary variation in the resistance or
sectional area of the conductors in such derived circuit which may consist of a loop
or of a multiple arc or multiple series circuit or a loop or derived circuit between
parallel or multiple arc circuits. These improvements are applicable either with
alternating or continuous currents in a system in which electric reservoirs may or
may not be employed. They are especially applicable for the charging of the
reservoirs in an electrical system wherein high tension currents are transmitted
through the electrical main charging circuits for the charging of magazines. Low
tension currents or currents or reduced tension may be discharged from the magazine
through the discharging or translating circuits by employing the improvements
described in my said former Letters Patent in which I have provided for the
construction and use of electric magazines having conductors of varied conductivity
or resistance or sectional area in the charging and discharging circuit; these
improvements are applicable in connection with such method of constructing and
working and can be applied to any number of circuits or derived circuits so as to
vary the tension of the current in different parts of the same circuit or independent
circuits as may be desired in the system either to or from the accumulating devices
or in a system without then I reverse the construction as I wish to increase or
decrease the tension and I sometimes employ a circuit maker or sliding piece
adapted to form such a device and a movable variable resistance preferably through
the medium of a bad conducting or insulating liquid or through the medium of a film of
solid material as a resistance and a good liquid conductor. These devices may be auto-
matically operated electrically and they may be employed for disconnecting derived
or branch or translating circuits from the earth or charging circuit or otherwise.
I preferably employ for this purpose a double cone or a sphere or the equivalent
of the same and according to the length of the cone and the conductivity or
carrying capacity of the conductor at the base of the said cone or in other words
according to the increased section or carrying capacity of the conductor I provide
for reducing or varying the force of the current. I may employ such a device in
connection with each lamp or other translating device so that such device will be
adapted to convert and regulate the tension of the current at each apparatus. Or
I provide for reducing the tension of the current so as to be suited to a group of
devices or lamps as may be desired or to regulate the tension of the current in
certain districts or for certain uses or for the various applications or combinations
for lighting heating or motive power or traction purposes as will be necessary in a
system of electrical distribution stationary or portable or both such as is herein
provided for.. I construct these devices to a certain standard in accordance with
the section of the conductor with which they are to be.employed and the force of

page_text: the current to be transmitted and in accordance with the resistance and radiating
surface preferably in the width or from a standard width lamps of different candle
power can be employed and I provide for varying the conductivity or carrying
capacity of such conductor or converter. These converting devices may be combined
with and form part of each lamp. The form of conductors which I prefer to
employ for the development of light are such as are herein described or such as are
set forth in the Specifications of some of the aforesaid Letters Patent.
I provide for constructing my electric motors to a certain standard and work or
vary from such standard as I wish to increase or decrease the power of such motors
and I vary the resistance or inducting surface in the different motors as I wish to
provide for increasing or decreasing the power of the different motors and as I wish
to provide for the subdivision or utilization of the electric currents whero motors
are adapted to be used in an electrical system of distribution either portable or
stationary or both either coupled in series or multiple arc or parallel circuit. And
I provide in combination with such circuit converters which. I construct to such
standard and vary their carrying capacity or conductivity in accordance with the
motors or circuits with which they are to be employed. The converting device may
form part of the electric motor and I sometimes employ a series of such converters
in combination with the motor circuit; these converters are adapted to provide for
the utilization of the currents through the motor or series of electric motors so as
to permit the reversal of the movement of such motors or other electric appliances
adapted to be so operated. The said converters may be arranged in combination
with a circuit maker or otherwise for transmitting the current to the motor of
reduced or increased force in either or both directions.
I construct the electric heaters to a certain standard and prefer to employ the
improvements described in the specifications of the herein before mentioned Letters
Patent relating to heaters and in the heaters provided with the transparent or
semi-transparent casing covering or part I preferably construct the heating
portion by the deposition of carbon upon an insulating indestructible base or
support. The deposited metal or material is preferably distributed in thin layers
or with a mininium or standard section of material and thickness so as to provide
an extended surface from which light can be developed. This conducting material
may or may not be coated with a pyro-insulating material.
I construct the heaters so that the terminals may extend in opposite directions
or in the same direction through the enclosing case or chamber wherein a vacuum
is preferably produced. And I provide for varying the radiating and conducting
surface in my electric heaters in accordance as I wish to provide for the subdivision
or utilization of the electric current for heating and lighting purposes and so as to be
adapted for use in parallel circuit in series or in multiple series or in series in the
parallel circuit or multiple series.
I construct these heaters to certain standards so as to be adapted to a certain
force of current and so that they may be coupled in multiple arc or parallel circuit
and I may employ the converters in combination with such heaters as set forth.
I construct the accumulating or storing devices adapted for use in an electrical
system of distribution to a cortain standard and with a certain standard accumu-
lating surface (having a certain section of material in thickness preferably a
minimum thickness with a standard width) and resistance and in accordance with
the resistance and surface in the accumulating or storing devices I provide for
varying the conductivity of the conductors or converters in independent charging
and discharging circuits or either of them. I vary the width or conductivity of
the accumulating surface as I wish to provide for constructing accumulating
devices from a certain standard or of different capacities increase the resistance
by increasing the length of the accumulating surface or material as I wish to
provide for increasing the resistance or the force of the current in the external
circuit with or without increasing the width of such accumulating surface as before
stated. The accumulating surface may be spiral or in the form of a coil or may
consist of a number of concentric rings or of plates or folds the positive and
-

page_text: negative surfaces being arranged in close proximity to each other with an insulating
sheet or material between them. This material may be pulverized pumice stone,
glass, asbestos, slag, wool, or similar suitable materials so as to provide for a
minimum resistance between the elements. At various points throughout the
length of such elements I provide independent terminals adapted to provide for
charging the elements from the source or store of electric energy with a current of
low force or in other words to constitute an independent circuit. Such charging
circuit may be alternately interrupted and completed so as to provide for cutting
such terminals out of the charging circuit and placing another set of terminals or
a series of them in the charging circuit. This may be effected automatically
electrically by tine mechanism or by the rotation or movement of the axis or
shaft of the generator or some part connected therewith or adapted to be moved
thereby. This construction is also applicable in the formation and working of
condensers constructed to a certain standard and varied from such standard in
accordance with the resistance of the external circuit. The materials employed in
the accumulating devices may be metallic salts or oxides or metals with or without
being mixed with carbon or one element may be carbon and the other inetal or I
may employ metallic sheets cut stamped or moulded or deposited electrically
chemically or by fusion and such accumulating material may be deposited upon
sheets of insulating material which will give the desired form or upon which the
desired form is provided by stamping or forming a base having an affinity for the
deposition of the metal or material to be employed. Such accumulating surface
may represent miles in length so as to overcome the resistance of the external
circuit and an accumulating and discharging capacity in accordance with the
conductivity or carrying capacity of the conductor or conductors in the discharging
circuit therefrom. This method of constructing and working the accumulating
devices is also applicable in the working of gas-batteries so as to provide an
extended length of conducting material adapted to form part of the external circuit
for the purposes above stated.
Where I employ alternating currents or a current adapted to be sent first
through one conductor and at other times through another conductor through the
means of a compound circuit making or equivalent devices I sometimes employ the
converting devices in combination with each circuit or a series of devices in combi-
nation with each device adapted to be used in such circuits. Under my improved
system of distributing energy I am enabled to employ any number of generating
or storage stations or devices for supplying the electrical system and I regulate the
generation or production or the storage transmission or utilization of electric
energy without the defects of the ordinary systems. To illustrate an extended
system of electrical distribution in which I employ the earth for the transmission
of the currents I may provide devices and means at a coal pit or at some distant
point for the conversion of the coal into gas and utilize such gas or such agent for
the accumulation of gas adapted to operate as a gas battery or more fully described
in the specification of my aforesaid Letters Patent N° 2558. I prefer to construct
the prime holder or reservoir in such a manner as to provide a reserve under high
pressure for supplying my recomposing or utilizing chamber or retorts adapted to
operate as herein before described. I also can or may provide for utilizing the heat
for the production of thermo electric currents by constructing the furnace and
retorts in such a manner as to provide for the generation and utilization of such
currents. I store the energy so produced by the accumulation of gases as herein
provided for and I may regulate the tension of the current from the reservoirs by
the employment of converting devices as herein set forth or described in the
specifications of my said former Letters Patent. I employ one or more insulated
conductors extending throughout the electrical system. This may consist of one
conductor or system of conductors with or without branches and sub branches.
In some cases I connect such insulated conductor conductors or circuit with
the earth through the medium of such derived circuits branches or subbranches or
any combination of them and I connect incandescent lamps or lighting apparatus

page_text: •
(of the same or different candle power or resistance) preferably such as are herein
described or provided for in the Specifications of the aforesaid Letters Patent and
arranged in multiple are or parallel circuit or series or series in parallel or multiple
serios circuit. 1 also adapt arc lamps, to be utilized in such circuits. I also provide
for utilizing in such system means for the production of motive power and I sub-
'divide the current flowing from the earth to the return circuit by varying the
conductivity of the conductors and utilize resistances and regulating induction and
condensing or converting devices as may be found desirable to provide for con-
trolling regulating or converting the tension of the current in different parts of the
system in accordance with the use or purpose for which it is to be employed. The
motors may be adapted to be operated in series in loop or derived circuits or in
multiple arc or parallel circuits or series in such circuits I adapt electric meters in
the circuit between the earth and the translating devices I employ a meter
adapted to measure the current supplied to each consumer and I may or may not
employ regulating devices to vary the supply in accordanco with the consumption
of different consumers in the various translating branches or derived circuits or the
flow of the current through the circuit may be regulated by the resistance of the
lamps or caters of the electric motors may be provided with a governor having
combined with it a resistance which will act as a cut off in accordance with the
speed or the work being done of the motor. Any device which will provide for a
variation of movement dependent upon the current passing will provide for this
result either in the motor circuit or lamp or heater circuit or any combination of
translating electric energy utilizing devices. I preferably employ independent
.circuits for the motors and in some cases independent measuring and recording
devices I sometimes so arrange the derived or branch circuits as to be coupled
with the main return circuit by arranging the branches above under or at one side
of the main within an insulated box or chamber and I provide a vertically sliding
or moving piece in the form of a cono or wedge which can be forced into close
contact with the two conductors, this wedge shaped or sliding piece may be adapted
to fit into a socket or slot or loop in connection with each conductor or may be
adapted to fit over the two these chambers I line with insulating material and are
adapted to receive the meeting ends of the conductor which I preferably so form us
to provide for their being brazed or fused or united by a metal in a molten state
or I so form them as, to dovetail one into the other I provide a coupling or
coupling box into which the molten metal may be forced. The coupling box may
be adapted to form a loop and may be provided with an insulated support for a
lever or screw which is adapted to force the circuit maker into contact with the
conductors I sometimes employ a liquid in the junction boxes to prevent firing and
also use an independent switching device for controlling the circuit I also some-
times employ a junction box containing mercury or other conducting liquid so as
to make better contact In operating such a system I prefer to provide a reserve
of power at the generating station and to connect the elements of the reservoir or
a series of them with the earth so as to transmit the currents thereby. In somo
cases I provide, for so constructing my electric generator or a battery of them as to
provide for utilizing the inductive action of the earth and I connect the elements.
of the magazine or magazines with earth and the positive element or elements of
my generators but in such cases I provide for transmitting the currents through
the electrical system by earth from the reservoirs and so adapt these reservoirs as
to provide for one part thereof being charged while some other part or series is
being discharged into the earth circuit When however I provide for insulating t
my generating device or devices from earth I may so arrange or construct the
.generating and storing devices as to provide for discharging one or both at the same
time and so as to provide for the storing or accumulating device or devices being
practically the governor of the entire system and the governor or regulator for
the generation or consumption of gas fuel compressed air or the evolution of guses 5
as fully set forth in the Specification of my aforesaid former Letters Patent. In
order to economize the prime, cost of the return conductor I transmit the current
-

page_text: with high tension and I convert such current in the translating or discharging
circuits, or I arrange electric reservoirs at or near the place or places where the
energy is to be utilized either as central stations or at each house manufactory or
place or groups of such places at which translating devices such as lamps
(either incandescent or are lamps) electric heaters electric motors or other appli-
ances are placed and adapted to operate so as to translate electric energy into light
heat or motive power or for any or all of such purposes. These electric magazines
have their positive elements connected with the earth portion of the circuit
the electrical circuit being completed through these magazines by connecting their
negative elements with the insulated portion of the circuit. It will be understood
that as the generating or storage devices or both are connected in a similar manner
and insulated from earth otherwise than by the terminals and as the potential of
the prime store generator or other distributor of the system is higher than that of
the subsidiary or auxiliary stores or parts of the electrical system the current flows
freely with a minimum resistance along the water or gas pipes throughout a city
or along a water course or deep substrata of the earth or along a railway line or
any combination of them I arrange my reservoirs so as to provide for their being
charged by a current so transmitted and they may be connected with such water
main or other conductor directly and preferably through the medium of carbon or
coke terminals granulated or otherwise the current can by such means be
transmitted to supply a city or a railway line however extended with less loss and
less prime cost than would otherwise be necessary and I am enabled to more
effectually and economically provide for distributing energy with high or low
tension currents and for the regulation and utilization of the curronts in an
electrical system, I preferably work with an accumulation of power in the form of
electric energy at my generating station or at various points throughout the
system as by these means I not only provide a reserve but reduce the prime cost of
my generating devices as such devices can be constantly employed under such
method of working and the earth provides a conductor of unlimited capacity for
transmitting and storing the energy the currents being conducted into the various
circuits mains branches and sub branches in accordance with the consumption or
translation of energy into light heat or motive power or in accordance with the
accumulation or storage of energy and the utilization of such energy in or
throughout the electrical system either to be utilized upon portable systems or
devices or otherwise as herein provided for or set forth in the said former Letters
Patent. And by the employment of the improvements herein provided for and
constructed to a mathematically correct or uniform standard I am enabled to
provide for regulating or varying the tension or force of the current in one or more:
of the discharging circuits or in one or more of the main charging circuits or in
any combination of circuits in an electrical system or for any application or use
for which such energy may be employed or be designed to be employed. And by
constructing the translating accumulating converting or regulating and measuring
devices or the generating devices so as to provide for working to a uniform
standard or thickness of material and with an extended width I am enabled to
provide for generating accumulating or translating electric energy with mathematical
correctness and with greater economy than hitherto practised and I vary the
conductivity of the conducting elements of such generating accumulating or.
translating devices by varying principally or entirely the width and length or
length alone of the conducting parts of the generators motors or incandescent
lamps magnets solenoids or similar devices adapted to form part of or be connected
in an electric circuit of an electrical system of distribution and by varying
principally or entirely the width and length or length alone of the conducting and
accumulating parts of the storing or conducting devices adapted to form part of an
electric circuit either as a charging or discharging part or both so as to provide for
varying or regulating the force of the current in one or more charging or dis-
charging or other circuits of the system in accordance with the conductivity and
radiating surface of an incandescent lamp constructed as berein described for

page_text: minimizing the consumption of electric energy per, candle power or in accordance
with the conductivity or inducing surface or surfaces of the element or elements of
an electric motor or a series of them constructed as herein described for minimizing
the consumption of electric energy per unit of motive power developed from each
unit of electric energy converted, or in accordance with the conductivity or
inducing surface, surfaces or parts of a magnet solenoid or similar device con-
structed under my method for minimizing the consumption of electric energy per
unit of power developed by such device in the translation of each unit of electric
energy converted thereby or in accordance with the conductivity or resistance in
the formation or maintenance of a voltaic are between the electrodes of an arc
lamp or series of them or in accordance with the conductivity or carrying capacity
of one or more of the conductors in the electrical charging or discharging circuit or
in accordance with the tension of the current employed in one or more of such
circuits or with the external resistance in the charging or discharging circuits
Under this method of constructing the appliances to be used in an electrical
system of distribution I am enabled to materially reduce the consumption of energy.
for the development of light by incandescence and to reduce the consumption of
energy per unit of electric energy translated into motive power through the medium
of electric motors or engines and to reduce the consumption of energy in the
working of regulating devices cut offs circuit makers or other appliances adapted to
be operated through the agency of electric energy through the medium of magnets.
and armatures solenoids or the like either for the regulation of arc lamps or for
governing the supply of electric current in the main branch, sub branch or derived
or loop circuits or any combination of them with return circuit by earth or the
reverse or coupled in parallel circuit parallel series or series with an electrical
insulated circuit or with return by earth or the reverse or any combination of such
electrical circuits with or without storing or accumulating devices in or adapted to
be operated in such circuits or any combination of such circuits as is herein provided
for. In proportion as I provide for reducing the consumption of electric energy
for the development of light or heat or motive power or for any or all of such
purposes I provide for decreasing the carrying capacity of the electrical conductors
of the system or of the main electrical conductor or conductors of the systein
whether such conductors shall be an insulated circuit with the translating devices
connected therewith in series parallel circuit multiple series, or series in the derived
circuits or with the translating devices adapted to operate singly or in series or in
parallel series or in multiple series with the return circuit by earth or by an
insulated conductor or with the translating devices adapted to operate in one or
more circuit supplied from one or more accumulating or storing devices adapted to
be charged or revivified from one or more of the main charging circuits adapted
to operate with an insulated circuit or with a return circuit by earth or any
combination of such circuits.
In order to provide for the construction of such a system and of devices and
means to be used therefor therein or therewith or adapted to operate so as to
provide for such results I. construct my generating devices say a dynamo or
magneto electric machine or a battery of them with its or their conducting
elements or parts adapted to form part of the electrical circuit of the system or
adapted to provide for the production of the energy used by constructing or
forming the conducting elements or parts in which the currents are induced of a
minimum or uniform section of conducting material in thickness and with an
extended width or of such width as to provide for conveying the current induced
under the inductive action of the poles of the magnets into the external circuit or
accumulating storing or converting devices adapted to operate in conjunction
therewith. These conducting surfaces are arranged and adapted to operate so as
to provide the most extended surface possible under the inductive action of the
poles with a minimum amount of conducting material in section as before stated.
The edges of the conducting material may be presented to the inductive pole or
poles of the magnetic fields or the surface of the conducting material in width.

page_text: principally or entirely may be adapted to operate in close proximity to or under
the inductive action of the pole or poles in the magnetic fields. Or I may provido
a series of superposed layers or a continuous coil or a series of rings of different
diameters arranged at the ends of the armature or upon the periphery or a series of
them between the periphery and the axis built up or formed by deposition moulding
stamping or otherwise and of magnetic or non-magnetic or both magnetic and
non-magnetic material the magnetic and non-magnetic material being insulated
from each other or not.
In some cases I simply increase the diameter of the armature or rotating part
and form the conducting material upon such part with a minimum section of
conducting material in thickness and the width of the conductor will regulate the
conductivity or internal resistance in the machine or the internal resistance or
conductivity of the material employed for magnetizing a magnet or a series of
them in such machine. The inductive pole or poles are also increased in size or
built up or formed with a series of bars of magnetic material or a sories of magnets
adapted to operate as one magnet or as a series and arranged at the sides or ends
of the armature which preferably has the form of a thin disc or fly wheel with or
without apertures or openings between the faces of the poles through the magnetic
ring plate coil or cut disc or ring or a series of them combined so as to form a coil
which may be connected with the external circuit by terminals extending from the
ends thereof to rings collectors or commutators mounted on the shafts of such
armature and the conducting material may be deposited in a thin layer electrically
chemically by fusion moulding or otherwise upon such inagnetic ring or coil and in
accordance with the width of the conducting material in section 1 regulate the
carrying capacity of such conductor or element or the internal resistance of the
machine and I provide an extended surface with a minimum amount of conducting
material in sectional thickness and I provide for having an extended surfaco
adapted to operate in conjunction with or under the influence of the inductive pole
or poles of the magnets. The shape of the conducting material may be that of the
surface of a series of bars united together alternately so as to form a continuous
conductor or in sections or a continuous conductor in sections with the ends thereof
extending to the rings or commutators upon the axle when such conducting material
shall be mounted upon the moving part or such conducting material adapted to
form part of the external circuit may be formed upon the stationary rings magnets
or elements and arranged to operate in conjunction with movable or rotating magnet
or magnets so that the current will be induced in the inducting and conducting
portion of the stationary element or elements connected with or adapted to form
part of the external circuit.
I preferably employ a class of machines for this purpose described in my formuer
Letters Patent dated the 6th day of January 1882 N° 85 by which I obviate the
necessity for the reversal of the current through the elements adapted to form.
part of the external circuit.
I construct the motors in a similar manner having its elements constructed or
formed with a minimum amount of conducting material in section or thickness
with an extended width of conducting material in section and adapted to have a
series of strips or parts with a minimumn section with the edges in close proximity
to the inductive pole or poles or with the width or coil of such element or elements
in close proximity to the inductive pole or poles or upon the ends or periphery or.
inductive parts of the magnetic poles or elements of the machine.
These conducting elements may have the form of a continuous coil on the ends.
of the armature or be a continuous coil or fold of conducting material as a single
conductor adapted to operate in conjunction with a pole or poles of the same
denomination upon one or both sides or ends of the armature or with poles or a
series of poles of opposite denomination arranged at the ends of the armature and
opposite each other so that the lines of force will be directly across the conducting
material so as to form but one and an intense magnetic field the conducting element:
being connected, with the external circuit at its ends extending to, the circuit maker.

page_text: rings or commutator upon the axle or one conductor may be formed on each side
of a form or magnetic ring so that the current at one side will be in a reverse
direction through the conducting element to that on the other side each conducting
element or portion having its distinct terminals extending to the rings or
commutators upon the axle and the currents may be utilized independently or bo
combined through a grouping box or the external circuit.
In order to provide for the construction of magnets electro magnets solenoids or
the elements of electrical machines and to provide for an extended conducting.
and inductive surface with a minimum amount of conducting material in thickness
and to provide for a greater surface of the inductors armatures or parts adapted to
operate in conjunction with an electro magnet or a solenoid or adapted to form the
elements of an electrical machine for the generation of electric currents or the
translation of electric currents into motive power. I sometimes build up or form
a magnet by employing a very thin sheet or layer or a series of sheets or layers
of magnetic material which I sometimes coat or cover with insulating material and
apply upon such insulation a material which has an affinity for metal and I place
such pieces or parts in an electro plating or chemical bath which will provide for
the deposition of the conducting material in a thin layer over the parts so treated.
The parts so treated may be subsequently so placed or packed together with or
without insulation between them or with or without alternate bars or strips being
connected at their alternate ends or parts so as to form a continuous circuit and be
applicable for use as a magnet or a solenoid either in a generating machine or
electric motor or for other purposes or I may employ a sheet of magnetic material
coated or covered with insulation and with conducting material with or without
Bubsequent insulation and coil or fold such sheet upon itself with the terminals
extending from the two ends of the sheet. Or the conducting material may be
poured into or forced into moulds with or without pressure so as to provide for the
conducting material permeating all the interstices between the bars or plates
or folds of magnetic material which in some cases are coated with pyro insulation.
Or I may build up or form a series of discs projections or arms of magnetic and
conducting material so as to form a central aperture adapted to receive and act upon
a core or armature,
I sometimes form a solenoid or magnet having a central opening or portion in
the form of a cross or with recesses adapted to receive tho wings or projections
attached to or forming part of the core of such device and instead of making the
body of the solenoid circular I may provide for it having a similar form on its
inner and outer part and I deposit the conducting material in a thin layer with an
extended width around the body or form of the solenoid or secure the conducting
material in the desired position within recesses or upon projections or upon the
body of the armature by pouring or forcing the conducting material into a
mould with or without pressure.
I
In the construction of these magnets solenoids motors or generating machines I
work to a given standard of conducting material in thickness and with an
extended width in accordance with the standard motor solenoid magnet or
generating machine and I vary the width and length of or the length alone of the
conducting material employed in the construction of such devices as
vary the
inductive surface, surfaces or parts adapted to operate in conjunction with each
other for the development of an electric current or for the translation of an electric
current into motive power or as I wish to provide for varying from a certain
standard or power of the machine or device or as I wish to provide for varying
the consumption of electric energy through the medium of such devices or as I
wish to provide for the distribution subdivision and utilization of electric currents
in an electrical system. It has been hitherto the practice to materially increase
the resistance in the conducting material or elements of such devices or of electric
lamps or to work with high resistance in such devices but I prefer to reverse the
method of working and operate in the translating circuits especially within houses
works or upon railway trains or portable objects with apparatus adapted to

page_text: translate electric currents of low electro motive force as my method of constructing:
the devices or parts and working an electrical system especially provides for and
renders such method of working practicable as well as the utilization of currents
of high tension or force if desired especially for lighting streets, coasts harbours
railway lines or other uses by the employment of reservoirs in or throughout the
system and at various parts of the system or by varying the conductivity or
charging surface, of the conductors connected with earth and by utilizing the
conducting surface of minimuin section or thickness and an extended width I am
enabled to carry my improvements into practice and distribute and utilize energy
more economically than hitherto and I also construct my electrical conductors in a
somewhat similar manner of a series of thin sheets of conducting material or of a
sheet creased or folded upon itself with a minimum amount of material in section
and I enclose such conductor within suitable insulation with or without metallic
coverings or the outer covering may be connected with or form partly or entirely
the portion of the electrical circuit connected with the positive element of the
generators or accumulators or any combination of them as herein provided for.
In constructing the light emitting portions of conductors for electric lamps I
sometimes compress mould or form the conducting material of metal or carbon or
metal iridium iron nickel platinum or other suitable metal or alloy of metals
mixed or amalgamated by fusion or otherwise with a material or compound which
is indestructible and by which the resistance of the conducting material will be
increased in proportion to the amount of such material so amalgamated with
the metal metallic alloy or other conducting material I may employ basic
materials for instance chalk lime fluor spar French chalk or calcined material or
compounds or the compounds of magnesium calcium or metallic oxides basalt or
any combination of such materials which may be mixed with the conducting
material in certain quantities by fusion preferably through the medium of the
electric current which material being then compressed while heated into thin
sheets layers or films perforated angular or otherwise preferably of the desired
shape to constitute the light emitting portion of the conductors with increased
amount of material at parts of the same so as to provide for the terminal attach-
ments which may be fused or carbonized to form a perfect union the terminals
may be adapted to extend in the same or opposite directions through the enclosing
chamber as usually employed for incandescent lighting the conductors may have
the form of a flat loop with or without a flat circular head or a loop with angular
projections corrugations or apertures or perforations or a ring with the material
distributed in a layer principally as a flat surface with or without corrugations
perforations apertures or angular projections or in the form of a cone double cone
sphere semi spherical or equivalent surfaces curved with or without corrugations
apertures or angular projections or in the form of a sheet ribbon or cross the sheets
blades or wings having straight or curved edges presenting principally a flat
surface or curved or angular surface or a surface with or without corrugations
apertures or angular projections or such last named forms may be built up of such
sheets or surfaces so as to present an illuminating surface in the form of a triangle
cone pyramid sphere with or without the central portion semisphere H shaped or
having two three or a greater number of wings or projections adapted to constitute
the light giving portion of the conductor These various forms may provide for
the deposition of iridium platinum iron nickel or other suitable metal or alloys of
these or other metals or carbons or I may provide by the deposition of such
materials mechanically electrically chemically or through the direct application of
heat or by a combination of such means. I also provide for building up or
forining the chambers of transparent or semi-transparent material of these various
forms so as to provide for the distribution and supporting of conducting inaterials
of a low resistance mixed or amalgamated with phorescent material or compounds.
Or I mix or amalgamate phosphorescent materials with metal say silver mercury
carbon or other inetals or materials.
The metal inay be fused amalgamated or mixed with such phosphorescent

page_text: material and rolled or stamped into sheets or thin layers with a minimum or
uniform amount of material in section or thickness with an extended radiating
surface in width or in sectional width and preferably of the special forins of
conductors herein provided for or these phosphorescent materials or compounds may
be applied upon a conducting or non-conducting base having the special forms or
shape herein provided for and adapted for the development of light from an
extended surface with a minimum consumption of electric energy. The terminals
may be compressed moulded imbedded or otherwise secured to these conductors
adapted to develop light partly or entirely from the phosphorescent material.
These terminals may be adapted to extend in the same direction from the light
emitting portions of the conductor. Or they may extend in opposite directions.
I preferably enclose these conductors within a transparent globe or chamber and
exhaust the air or deleterious gases from such chamber by the direct application
of heat through the medium of the electric current or otherwise and a liquid or
liquifiable conductor or material, or by the ordinary process of a vacuum pump
the terminals being scaled to the neck or some portion of such chamber or globe so
as to provide for supporting such light emitting conductor or such material may be
distributed in a thin layer over or upon a suitably formed transparent surface
either flat curved angular convex spherical semispherical or other form as herein
specially provided for and molten glass or other suitable covering material may be
compressed moulded or applied so as to provide for hermetically sealing or enclosing
such conducting material.
Under this last construction I preferably apply the portions designed to admit
light upon the base or form when in a heated condition and subsequently apply
the material designed to coat over or encase the same while such material shall be
in a heated condition and by compressing the parts within a mould of the desired
form or by rolling I provide for the completion of such lighting apparatus with
the terminals extending therefrom.
This method of constructing the lamps is also applicable for the construction of
lighting apparatus in which the conducting material or materials or conducting
material and form which supports the same is composed of other substance or
materials Or such conducting material in which a phosphorescent substance or
compound is employed may be coated or covered with a transparent or semi-
transparent material applied in solution and caused to adhere to such light emitting
portions by heat or otherwise with or without pressure. The coating may be
applied when heat is developed by an electric current under such conditions.
I may provide for supporting such a fine film of conducting material as would
otherwise be difficult and also provide for protecting the conductors.
In some cases I provide for building up or forming the light emitting portions
of the lamp by the employment of basic or metallic salts or oxides in solution
mixed with carbon or metal or both with or without metallic oxides or inde-
structible material in a finely divided state distributed in thin layers mechanically
or by pressure within moulds and by the passage of the electric current the parts
become united into one and supported by the indestructble material through the
agency of the electric current preferably being compressed in the desired shape
while so heated the terminals being secured therewith.
In some cases I provide for building up or forming the light emitting portions of
a conductor by the deposition of carbon or metal or both in solution with a solution
of some material or metal which is indestructible under the heat designed to be
applied in the incandescent lamps such materials can be applied mechanically or
electrically through the agency of heat or may be applied upon an insulating and
indestructible form or support or can be deposited upon a suitable surface from
which they can be removed through the medium of chemical agents or heat or such
solutions may be poured into moulds and by the application of heat and pressure
the particles remaining can be compressed into a solid and homogeneous structure
filament or structure the terminals may be extended into the mould and adapted to
provide for the completion of the conductors with enlargements at the points of

page_text: union or light defining portions or basis materials metallic oxides may be employed
to form the light emitting portions from solutions or by fusion, the terminals being
combined therewith while the material is in a liquid or molten condition.
I sometimes arrange the terminals of the conductors within a mould either as a
continuous conductor or otherwise or insert such conductors through a suitable
aperture or in suitable recesses so that the material can be compressed formed or
united upon or with the terminals and the light emitting portions formed or
distributed in thin layers as herein provided for. The light emitting portions may
be formed from paste of carbonaceous or metallic substance or both with or without
being amalgamated with basic or indestructible material in solution.
I sometimes form the light emitting portions of the lamp by the deposition of carbon
mechanically chemically or through the agency of heat or any combination of them
upon thin sheets of indestructible material formed from the solutions of basic or
metallic substances, these forms are of a minimum section in thickness with an
extended width with or without angular projections preferably of the forms as
berein set forth and such form or support may be secured to the terminals with
enlargements and the conducting material may be deposited as before stated. The
base may be formed upon a suitably prepared surface having recesses and projections
of the desired depth to provide for holding the material in solution and giving the
desired form or one part may be made to fit into another so as to constitute a
mould. This same method is applicable for forming the conducting materials from
solutions or pasty materials, heat may be applied to such mould to complete the
form or conductor. In some cases I provide a support for the light emitting portion
or conductor or for forming the light emitting portion by the employment of French
chalk cut or turned or moulded under pressure into the shape heroin specially
provided for giving an extended surface with a minimum section of conducting
material in thickness I deposit the conducting material or any of them as hercin
provided for upon such form either partially or entirely.
I sometimes provide a support composed of similar material through which the
conductors may extend or be formed upon. These forms or supports may be
adapted to develop light from a loop-ring or other surface as herein stated and the
terminals may he first attached to the form; for my standard lamps I prefer to
reduce the amount of material to a uniform and minimum section of indestructible
and insulating material in thickness so as to reduce to a minimum the consumption
of energy for a given amount of light. Under my system of forming the light
emitting portions of the conductor it is possible to obtain several hundred candle
power more of light per horse power expended from incandescent lighting than
by other systems.
I also provide for the building up or forming of the conducting materials in thin
films or layers by the photographic process the conducting portions may bo
composed of metal or carbon or both and the terminals combined therewith in any
preferred manner.
By this means I am enabled to form and construct the light emitting portions
of the conductors with rapidity uniformity and of a minimum section of material
in thickness and width with an extended surface in width.
These forms may be subsequently coated with carbon or metal the terminals or
conductors being combined by carbonizing electro plating or fusion. Enlargements
may also be provided upon such formed conductors by the employment of the
surfaces or plates provided with the recesses containing the necessary excess of
material or as a modification of this process I provide the form of the conductors
upon plates coated or covered with a pyro insulating material or a suitable insulating
base or 1 stamp the form of the conductors by the employment of carbonaceous or
metallic solutions or compounds or upon an insulating base or upon metallic sheets
not insulated. Or I stamp the form by depositing carbonaceous or metallic
materials or a combination of such materials upon suitable surfaces somewhat
similar to a process of printing. This deposited material may be forced into the
plates or surfaces by passing them one or more times between rolls or stamping

page_text: devices. Or such deposited material may from the groundwork for the deposition
of metal or carbon and the base. or support may be detached from the so formed
conductors by the application of heat chemical agents mechanically or otherwise..
I sometimes utilize extended surfaces adapted to provide for the passage of the
electric current through phosphorescent material amalgamated with metallic or
other conducting material with or without being conted with a varnish or a vitreous
or transparent coating. This material may be applied in a similar manner to paint
or varnish to a railway carriage or compartment or a part of the same or to some
object or device therein or to some part or parts of a room or building such as the
ceilings or walls or to devices arranged in such room or building. Or this material
may be applied to mirrors picture frames or ornaments or to other devices designed
for use. The electrical connections may be combined with such devices and extend
through or into or around them and thence to the generating device or devices or
a store or stores of electric energy preferably the store or reserve of energy. I
interpose a circuit maker or resistance or both in the electrical circuit between the
source or store of electric energy and the device or devices so as to provide for
illuminating spaces rooms compartiments or objects and regulating the intensity of
such illumination and the consumption of electric energy.
1 sometimes apply a phosphorescent and metallic amalgam as a thin film or layer
upon an extended surface of transparent inaterial the terminals extending therefrom
being united with the light emitting portions by enlargements. These materials
may be cemented together or covered by a pyro-insulating material which may be
adapted to perineato and from part of the conductor preferably of the forms herein
specially provided for and adapted to operate in or in conjunction with an electrical
system in a similar manner to other lamps as herein stated. When I employ
transferred or semi-transparent chamber so as to provide for supporting especially.
the fluorescent or phosphorescent material amalgam or compound forming the
conductors or light radiating surface or surfaces I preferably form them so as to
present a surface or surfaces somewhat similar to the surface or surfaces of the
conductors moulded or otherwise formed and supported as herein set forth. I
preferably form these chambers within moulds or dies to the desired shape and
provide for one part fitting into or over another part so as to distribute the
radiating surface for the development of light in a thin layer or layers and I
preferably work to a minimum and uniform section of material in thickness and
to a standard width and conductivity of the conductor in accordance with the
candle power desired as per the standard lamp and I vary the length of the
conductor maintaining a minimum or standard section of material in thickness and
a standard width of material as I wish to vary the candle power of different lamps
or vary both the width and length of the conductors from a certain standard as
I wish to provide lamps of different candle power and as I wish to provide for
sub dividing or utilizing electric currents in an electrical system of distribution.
1 sometimes employ conductors presenting the appearance of a coil and with their
edges upon the same plane and in accordance with the number of convolutions I
provide for varying the candle power; or the edges may be at an angle to each
other, or I may provide a coil having exteriorly the form of a cone or other shape
as may be desired and in accordance with the length of the conductor or both the
length and width thereof I provide for varying the candle power and working to
a minimum or standard section of material in thickness.
1 sometimes build up support or form the incandescent or light emitting portions
of lamps or lights by the employ ment of sheets or conductors which have a
minimum section in thickness with an extended width and composed of carbon or
carbon mixed or amalgamated with a metal or metallic alloy or with basic material
or metallic oxides or other indestructible material or compound or any combination
of such materials. And I coat or cover such sheets or conductors with a
pyroinsulating material which may be applied to the said conductors when they
are heated by the electric current or may be itself heated and applied in a liquid
condition or the conductors may be dipped into such materials. And 1 sometimes.

page_text: construct chambers adapted to be employed for the development of light through
the medium of gases or gaseous compounds or liquids so as to provide for the
distribution of material in thin layers or sheets some what of the forms herein
provided in the formation of the conductors. by. moulding compression or
otherwise. The light being developed from such gas I regulate, and vary the
resistance and radiating surface as before stated; each set of the terminals or
conductors may entend into chambers where the gas is contained at one, or inore.
points and the points may be in close proximity and arranged equidistant from
each other or the conductors may be coiled around the inside and outside, or the
two opposite surfaces or parts.
I sometimes provide for compressing basic or metallic oxides or other inde-
structible materials or compounds in the construction of the supports, or forms
or the parts themselves designed to form partly or entirely the incandescent or.
light emitting portions of the conductors. For this purpose I preferably employ
the electric current so as to fuse the material or compounds or some part of them
so that the stamping die will readily compress such material into thin layers or
sbects preferably of the forms herein stated.
i
In constructing these various conductors adapted to provide for the development
of light and for use in an electrical system of distribution I provide for varying”
the radiating surfaces and resistances and regulating the resistances of the
conductors and for forming or building or supporting the same as berein provided
for. I also provide for utilizing such conductors in or in combination with an
electrical systein or the improvements and methods of working an electrical system
or apparatus for the development of light as herein set forth or provided for in the
specifications of the former Letters Patent or any combination of them.
I sometimes employ the phosphorescent materials in connection with electric
heaters either as a coating or covering to some part of the same or for building
up the heating or lighting portion or I may employ such materials as a casing
or covering.
The construction of these various special forms of conductors or lighting
apparatus herein described provides for utilizing the entire or most of the surface
of the conducting material, or provides for the most extended surface and the
development and radiation of light from such surface with a minimum amount of
conducting material in thickness reducing to a mathematical question the
consumption of electric energy per candle power.
These conductors may be made of such resistance as to be suited for the
transmission of such electric energy direct from the generating devices where the
pressure is maintained at a uniformity with or without the employment of
accumulating devices at the generating source or in the electrical system of
distribution and with or without other regulating devices than the accumulating
devices for regulating the flow of the electric current into one or more or all of the
translating circuits of the electric system. But I prefer to provide for regulating
the force or tension of the current in the discharging or translating circuits us
herein set forth irrespective of the force of the current transmitted from the
generator or prime storage system.
By such means I am enabled to provide for the generation distribution and
translation of electric energy for lighting purposes and for the use of a minimum
section of conducting material in the length of the main electrical circuit. And I
am further enabled to provide for the translation of electric energy either for
electric lighting or any other purposes in the translating or working circuits with
economy and safety and to employ electric lamps of low resistance with an
extended surface in width or cross section and with a minimum section of material
in thickness and from the construction of the lamps herein described I can provide
for a large reduction in the consumption of electric energy for the development of
light as I am enabled to employ a minimum or standard section of material in
thickness and 1 regulate the conductivity of the conductor by varying from or
employing a standard width of radiating surface as set forth as I wish to provide

page_text: for subdividing the current in the working or translating circuits. This method of
constructing electric lamps provides for materially decreasing, or diminishing the
amount of metal in section required in the lengths of the main conductors of an
electrical system of distribution and conductivity or carrying capacity of the
conductors in the loop derived or translating or working circuits can be increased
so as to provide for the reduction or regulation of the tension of the currents in
_ such circuits as herein set forth. Or I may work with a conductor of high resistance
having a standard section in width with a minimum amount of material in
thickness and I may vary the width and length of such conductor in certain
proportions as I wish to provide for varying the candle power of different lamps in
an electrical system of distribution and where I provide for accumulating energy
for the discharging or translating circuits I construct the accumulating or
converting devices to a certain standard and vary the charging surface or capacity
of such device as I wish to provide for the accumulation of energy in or throughout
an electrical system of distribution. And I provide for varying the resistance in
such accumulating or converting devices in accordance with the resistance in the
external or discharging circuit and I provide for regulating or varying tho
resistance in the derived loop or translating circuits by the employment of electric
lamps constructed to a certain standard and adapted to operate in series multiple
are multiple series or parallel circuit or in series in such parallel circuit by varying
the resistance and radinting surface in different lamps and working to a standard
section or conductivity in thickness of light emitting or conducting material. The
conducting material or light emitting parts may have any of the forms herein
specially provided for. And in such an electrical system of distribution I provide
a storing or accumulating device or devices constructed to a certain standard with
conductors leading to and from the elements of such device or devices of a standard
conductivity in accordance with the capacity of such storing or accumulating device
or devices. and in accordance with the internal resistance of the same or in
according with the tension of the current in the charging circuit or the tension of
the current in the discharging circuit and the apparatus or devices adapted to
operate in such discharging circuits for the development of light heat or motivo
power or for other purposes or applications or for any or all of such purposes that
is to say in accordance with the radiating surface and resistance in the light
emitting portions of an electric lamp (incandescent) in multiple are or multiple
series or lamps in series I provide for regulating the tension of the current in the
working or translating circuit or circuits by the employment of accumulating or
converting devices constructed to a certain standard with the parts in connection
therewith adapted to operate as herein stated. And I provide for varying the
supply of electric energy at different points or places or in independent or
translating circuits and for varying the electro motive force or tension of the
current in such circuits in or throughout the electrical system either as a stationary
system or as a portable one (for instance in the equipment of vehicles wagons or
railway trains vessels boats or steamers) or any combination of the samc by
varying the charging or storing capacity of the accumulating storing or converting
devices and the internal resistance of such devices from a certain standard and
varying the conductivity of the conductors to or from the elements of such 'devices
in accordance with the internal resistance use or position of such device or in
accordance with the tension of the current in the charging circuit to such device
or devices, or the tension of the current designed to be used in the discharging
circuit and the apparatus or devices adapted to be charged from or operate in the
discharging or working circuits as herein stated.
I provide for regulating the supply of energy by the employment of the
accumulating or converting devices and I regulate the force of the current in the
discharging or working circuits in which one or more electric motors are adapted
to operate either in parallel circuit or series by the employment of an accumulating
or converting device devices or a series of them constructed to a certain standard
or arranged or adapted to operate so as to provide for such result as may be

page_text: desired so that the tension of the current in the discharging or working circuit
containing one or more motors will be of such force as to be suited to the motors
in such circuit that is to say in accordance with the inductive surface or surfaces
and internal resistance of such motors I provide for regulating the tension of the
current in the discharging circuits. And I provide for varying the supply and
tension of the current in the motor circuits and varying the conductivity of the
conductors or resistance in such circuits by varying the resistance or conductivity
of the accumulating storing or converting devices or any combination of such
devices in accordance with the inductive surface or surfaces and the internal
resistance in the motors or devices adapted to provide for the translation of
electric energy into motive power.
I provide for constructing my electric heaters to a certain standard or varying
from such standard and regulating the supply of electric energy and tension of
the current in such translating circuit in accordance with the resistance of the
conductors in the heater circuit or in accordance with the radiating surface and
resistance in such circuit.
When I employ electric reservoirs in which I provide for the accumulation of a
gas or gases I sometimes provide for varying the electro motive force partly or
entirely by varying the pressure in independent accumulating devices as will be
understood from the description herein.
་
In order to provide for the charging of electric reservoirs forming part of a
portable electric system or device I provide a special arrangement of conductors in
the construction of such reservoirs forming part of the portable device and also
provide reservoirs at fixed points or places in some instances adapted to operate in
conjunction therewith and employ special arrangements of conductors in combi-
nation with such devices so as to provide for the desired result for instance in case
the generating devices or prime store is at some distant point I provide for
transmitting the current with high force through one or more insulated conductors
to one or more electric reservoirs at one or more points or places where I wish to
provide a reserve for instance along a highway tramway or railway line or at a
wharf or along a canal or other place where it is designed to provide for
accumulating power upon the portable device say a wagon vehicle train vessel or
other portable object or system as herein provided for or set forth in some of the
Specifications of bereinbefore mentioned Letters Patent. The stationary accumu-
lating device and the portable device are constructed or adapted to operate in such
a manner as to provide for the force of the current from the permanent device
overcoming the internal resistance of the portable accumulating device and in
order to provide for charging the portable devices with rapidity I reduce the
resistance in the electric circuit between these devices to a minimum by the
employment of one or more sets of conductors adapted to provide for such a result
and the accumulating device or devices upon the portable device or devices as
before stated are provided with electrical connections of less conductively so as to
provide for being suited to conveying the current into the translating working or
discharging circuits with less rapidity or with less force so as to permit discharging
over a greater period of time than that required for charging and so as to be
adapted to supply and regulate the current in the lamp heater or motor circuit or
any or all of them in accordance with the radiating surface and resistance of the
Inmps employed or in the lamp circuit or the number of lamps in series whether
incandescent or are lamps or other kinds of lamps or in accordance with the
inductive surface and resistance of the motor or series of motors or motor circuits
or in accordance with the resistance and radiating or resistance solely in the heaters
or heater circuit as herein described.
I nay employ a series of independent accumulating devices upon different
vehicles of the train or in different parts of a vessel adapted to provide for the
translating circuits being independent of each other and the construction of these
reservoirs may be similar to those described. I may employ a charging circuit for
all these reservoirs so that they may be placed in electrical communication with

page_text: the permanent or fixed reservoirs as before stated and I provide electrical couplings
between the different vehicles so as to enable me to detach the vehicles without
interfering with the translating circuits to the lamps motors or heaters or any or
all of them if so desired I provide automatic cut offs in the circuit or in connection:
with these various devices so as to regulate the charging of one or more or all of
such devices as will be understood from the description herein and I employ circuit
making and breaking devices in the translating circuits adapted to control
automatically or otherwise the consumption or utilization of electric energy in
such circuits or adapted to provide for controlling one or more translating devices
in such circuits or any combination of such circuit controlling devices.
The accumulating devices may be adapted to operate through the medium of
gases with high or low pressure or with varying pressures as herein provided for.
I sometimes arrange the accumulating devices or electric reservoirs to operate
through the medium of gas electro chemically or otherwise and I sometimes arrange
such devices in groups or series or a combination of such devices with others for
regulating or converting the force of the current in groups or series at the fixed
points so as to provide for regulating or varying the force or supply of the current
at will through the medium of a commutator or circuit making device auto-
matically or otherwise operating so as to provide for charging portable reservoirs
on trains wagons vehicles trycicles or other objects and I sometimes employ similar
means arranged upon the train or other portable object so as to provide for
regulating or varying the resistance against the force of the charging current or
for regulating or varying the force of the current in one or more discharging or
translating circuits upon the vehicle or train or upon different vehicles of the train.
The improvements in connection with the accumulating devices are also appli-
cable in the construction of portable electric lamps. I connect the terminals of an
incandescent conductor or other form of conductors say phosphorescent or fluorescent
gas of electric lamps with the elements of the accumulating device or devices and
adapt the same to be charged through conductors of greater conductivity than the
discharging conductors or through the medium of devices for charging with greater
rapidity or in less time than the energy can be consumed in the development of
the light I vary the conductivity in the charging and discharging circuits from the
elements of the accumulating device connected with and forming part of the
equipment of a lamp stand or holder and I provide a circuit maker for controlling
the circuit to the conductor which emits light. I preferably employ the forms of
conductor herein provided for to develop light with economy and
also construct
these conductors to a certain standard width and a minimum or uniform section
of material in thickness of low resistance.
I preferably work in my electrical system of distribution in a somewhat similar
manner that is to say instead of employing lamps of high resistance in houses
works and the like, or in the equipment of steamers railway carriages or trains or
other portable objects. I employ the special forms of conductors herein provided
for and work with an extended width of conducting material in section and a
minimum section in length for my standard lamps the length not being less than
the width and I vary from this standard as I wish to provide for varying the
radiating surface and consumption of energy as herein atated.
Under this method of working an electrical system of distribution I am enabled
to employ standard lamps say having a resistance of 5 to 20 ohms or any other
number of ohms of low resistance and provide an extended radiating surface and
without materially affecting the prime cost of my electrical system of distribution 5
as I am enabled to provide for utilizing any tension of current in the main
electrical circuits and to provide for utilizing any form of generator or any natural
force without being dependent upon a uniform speed of the generator or even "
uniform generation of current as I regulate the tension of the current through the
medium of convertors or accumulating devices so as to practically render the 5
generation distinct from the translation.
In the construction of the elements of my motors or generators I work to a

page_text: standard with a minimum or uniform amount of conducting material in thickness
and a standard width of material in section and a standard length in accordance
as I wish to provide for the construction of my standard motor and as I wish to
increase or decrease the power of different motors 1 vary the inductive surface in
width and length or solely in length in certain proportions and by such means I
am enabled in a system for distributing regulating and utilizing electric currents
to provide for mathematically regulating the translation of electric energy into
motor power and in accordance with the conducting and inducting surfaces under
this construction (which provides for utilizing a given amount of current over a
greater surface than hitherto practised thereby giving greater efficiency) I am
enabled to construct my electro motors according to a somewhat similar method
of providing an extended surface with a minimum or small amount of conducting
material in section and an extended width or inductive surface in the clements of
the motor as herein more fully set forth. Various modification or details of
construction in order to provide for such a result in the construction of the
elements of electric motors or electrical machines or the elements of magnets or
solenoids or parts adapted to operate in conjunction therewith and their various
applications, combinations and uses in an electrical system of distribution will bo
included in subsequent applications for Letters Patent.
The improvements herein described or any portion or combination of them
are intended to be used in combination with or independently of the improve-
ments set forth in the Specifications of former Letters Patent and Provisional
Specification or as set forth in the Specifications of former Letters Patent N° 5233
dated November 30th A.D. 1881, Nº 5742 December 31 A.D. 1881, Nº 85 dated
January 6th A.D. 1882, and N° 224 dated January 16th A.D. 1882 or any
combination of then.
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan of a system of electrical distribution and
Figure 2 is an elevation of a portion of the devices included in such system.
a a represent generating machines which may be driven from any source of
power either natural or otherwise. I have shown them adapted to be driven by a
steam engine b (supplied with steam from a boiler c) In connection with the
shaft of the said machines a I have shown a governor as at d Figure 2 which is
combined with a circuit maker and breaker e so arranged in a trough or chamber e¹
containing mercury or other conducting liquid preferably covered with an insulating
liquid that the circuit from the machine or machines a to the devices to be charged
or supplied with electric energy is normally broken or interrupted until the
armaturo or armatures of the said machine or machines obtains or obtain a
predetermined speed of rotation or in other words until a certain current is
developed.
1 represents a conductor extending from the part e or el to a chamber ƒ within
which a circuit maker and breaker or plunger f' is adapted to operate. This
circuit maker and breaker f¹ is shown maintained in its normal position by a
spring (or weight) which provides for interrupting the circuit designed to be
completed through or within the chamber for the liquid contained therein until
the circuit through the conductor 1 is completed at ee The circuit between the
parts ffis adapted to be completed by the action of an electro magnetic or other
suitable device adapted to be rendered operative by an electric current. Such
device is shown as consisting of a solenoid g which is arranged on a branch or
derived circuit 2 from the charging circuit or conductor 1. 3 represents the return
conductor represents a vessel containing mercury or other suitable conducting
liquid preferably covered with a film or layer of glycerine or non conducting fluid
or material and i is an auxiliary vessel or chamber connected with the vessel h by
a pipe or channel . These chambers are preferably composed or lined with
insulating material represents an additional chamber or receptacle for the
purpose hereinafter described j represents a circuit controller or circuit maker
and breaker for regulating the charging and discharging of a series of electric
accumulators or storage devices ke This circuit controller may be operated by

page_text: an electric meter as at 7 in such a manner that its rotation in a given time
will be dependent upon the current passing through the charging circuit or the
discharging circuit or both j* represents a small pump (for exhausting or pumping
air gas or liquid) connected with the device ; in such a manner that in the
revolution of the latter air (or a liquid) is forced or pumped into the vessel h so
that in accordance with the number of revolutions of the device j so will be the
amount of air (or liquid) forced into the Vessel The air (or liquid) entering the
said vessel h forces the liquid (preferably mercury) therein downwards and causes
the liquid in the chamber i to rise; the liquid in this chamber i is also preferably
covered with an insulating liquid. It follows therefore that as the device continues
to revolve or he operated the liquid in the chamber i is caused by the pressure in
the chamber h to gradually rise and as soon as the pressure in the said chamber h
reaches a predetermined point or limit in other words so soon as one or more of
the reservoirs accumulators or storage batteries / included in the charging circuit
become fully charged the liquid in the Vessel or chamber i rises to such an extent
as to close the circuit between the conductor 4 connected with the part f' and the
conductor 5 communicating with an auxiliary storage battery reservoir or
accumulator m or a series of the same adapted to provide for the conservation of
any excess of electric energy passing through the charging conductors 1 beyond that
capable of being conserved in a given time in the storage devices k or utilized
therefrom. As soon as the battery or batteries k included in the charging circuit
become fully charged I provide for shunting the current into the auxiliary battery
or series of batteries m which are provided with suitable cut offs and circuit
making devices. I provide for the utilization of the electric energy in one or more
discharging or working circuits extending therefrom as desired or into the main
discharging circuits. In order to provide for interrupting the main charging
circuit to the storage device or devices & as soon as the same becomes or become
fully charged I arrange in the chamber or vessel is a plunger i³ which is attached
in any suitable manner to a float in the chamber or vessel i This float is
adapted to be raised by the rise of the liquid in the vessel or chamber i and in its
upward movement carries with it the plunger 13 which when in its normal position
causes the liquid in the chamber ³ to rise to such an extent as to complete the
circuit between the two ends of the main charging circuit at 6 but which in its
ascent allows such liquid to descend so as to break the connection between the
part and the continuation of the charging conductor 1 extending to the switching
or circuit controlling devico j. This device j may be provided with a series of
contact making strips or pieces upon which brushes or contact makers j¹ are
adapted to bear or I may employ contact pieces adapted to operate through the
medium of a liquid and as shown in the drawings the said device is arranged to
provide for alternately charging each set of batteries & in quantity and alternately
discharging the same in series In order to provide for regulating the degree of
compression of the air within the vessel or chamber h or in other words to control
the amount of electric energy passing into the storage battery or batteries or
magazines k in accordance with the discharge of electric energy therefrom at any.
given time 1 employ a valve n attached to a weighted lever n which is connected
at one end to the core of a solenoid o included in the discharging or working circuit
or circuits from the storage batteries or from the storage device or devices at m.
This valve n is provided with a series of holes or apertures and slides in a seat or
tube in the vessel h so that according to the resistance in the discharging or
working circuit or circuits so will the position of the said valve be regulated so
as to control the escape of the gas air or liquid the vessel h in a given time
dependent upon the energy consumed or discharged in or through the discharging
or translating circuit. It follows therefore that the degroe of compression of the
air in the chamber or the height or column of liquid is regulated according to the
amount of electric energy utilized in the discharging circuit or circuits or in other
words the aforesaid valve n serves as an automatic regulator for determining the
time of the making and breaking of the main charging circuit in accordance with.

page_text: the amount of electric energy which at any given time is discharged from the con-
serving accumulating or storing devices and if combined with a resistance may be
made to operate as a cut off in the charging circuit or for increasing and decreasing
or proportioning the resistance in such circuit dependent upon the work done or
resistance in the discharging circuits and such device can be combined with the cut
off of a steam or gas engine so as to regulate the consumption of steam or gas admitted
to the cylinders of the engines or such devices can be combined with the damper of
n firing chamber directly or electro magnetically so as to prevent limit or vary the
consumption of fuel in accordance with the limit of energy to be stored at any
given time or in accordance with the variations in quantity of the energy used or
stored at any or all times. This device can also be connected with the valves in
the pipes from gas or liquid fuel holders or chambers to the firing chambers for
steam boilers or to the firing chambers for a thermo electric generator or a
combination of them or to the valves or gates to a turbine or water wheel or with
the governor of a wind mill. In order to provide for cutting off the supply of
steam from the boiler to the engine so soon as the storage batteries or accumulators
as at k or at k and m become fully charged I in some cases employ in connection
with a throttle valve p in the steam supply pipe p' a device adapted to be operated
by an electric current which device is shown as a solenoid q. This solenoid q is
included in a discharging circuit from the batteries magazines or accumulators k
ork and m or in a branch from the main discharging circuit from the same; such.
circuit is normally broken or interrupted but is completed by the rise of the liquid
in the chamber or vessel i as soon as the batteries magazines or accumulators have
become fully charged. In some cases I provide means for automatically controlling
the position of a damper or air inlet to the firing chambers of the boiler by which
I provide for regulating the draught_through_the_furnace. I can accomplish this
result by the arrangement shown in Figure 2 for instance I can employ an electro
magnetic device as at r (shown as a solenoid) included in the discharging circuit
from the magazines kor m in a derived circuit from the magazines or from tho
discharging circuit thereof or in the discharging circuit of a special controlling
magazine or the equivalent thereof. Under this arrangement when the batteries
or magazines become fully charged the circuit to the solenoid r will be completed.
by the rise of the liquid in the chamber or vessel i and the damper at a will be
closed or partially closed through the medium of the rods or connections 8' 8' In
some cases I employ gas or fuel for raising steam in the steam boiler. In such a
case I provide for cutting off the supply of gas to the said boiler as soon as the
storage batteries magazines or accumulators become fully charged. This may be
effected by connecting the core of the solenoid r with a throttle valve in the
pipe connecting the gas holder t with the builer c or I nay employ a separato.
solenoid for this purpose the current thereto being normally broken but closed as
soon as the liquid rises sufficiently in the chamber or vessel i to break the main
charging circuit to the storage batteries or magazines as at k or as at k and m.
When I employ a gas engine for operating the generating device or devices at a
I provide between the gasometer or holder and the said engine an automatic cut,
off for cutting off the supply of gas to the engine when the batteries kor k and m
are fully charged. I may employ for this purpose a solenoid arranged in a dis-
charging circuit from the said batteries or in a derived circuit from the main
discharging circuit therefrom such solenoid being adapted when energized to.
actuate a stop valve or check valve so as to cut off the supply of gas to the engine.
as described, in fact the supply of any agent as motive power or the machinery
operated thereby or the consumption of fuel can be controlled and proportioned to.
the work done or being done.
Figure 3 is an elevation partly in section of modified arrangement of the devices.
represented in Figures 1 and 2. In this arrangement the plunger or circuit.
maker f when in its normal position completes the electrical circuit through the.
receptacle or part f to the switching or circuit making devices; and thence to the,
storage batteries or magazines at k or as at k and m. When however such storage,

page_text: batteries or magazines become fully charged the liquid in the chamber or vessel
rises and completes the circuit from the branch or derived circuit 2 from the main
charging circuit 1 to the solenoid whose core or armature is connected with the
movable plunger or, part which is thereby actuated so as to break the circuit'
between the parts ff. and consequently cut the storage batteries or magazines
fully charged out of the main charging circuit from the generator or generators.
As soon however as the liquid in the chamber i descends by reason of the escape
of gas air or liquid from the chamber has permitted by the valve n (which is
controlled by the consumption of electric energy in the discharging circuit as above
explained) the circuit to the said solenoid g will be broken and the circuit maker
or plunger caused to spring to or to assume its normal position that is to say to
provide for the conservation of sufficient energy in the storage batteries or
magazines to supply the deficiency of electric energy therein due to the discharge.
'
I have shown the batteries magazines or accumulators connected with the
generating or developing circuit through the medium of a commutator or switching
device and electrical connections so as to provide for reducing the internal resistance
in the elements of the magazines connected in the generating or developing circuit
and I have shown a discharging circuit q from the magazines which is adapted to
be connected with the elements of the magazines & in tension or in series or in
other words with greater internal resistance or length of the elements in the dis-
charging circuit than when such elements are so connected as to be in the charging
circuit This device or a series of such devices may provide for storing all the
energy or power converted by the generating medium or device or a series of them
of whatever character and with any source of power or the means employed in
utilizing the power natural or otherwise as I can provide for regulating the
resistance in the elements connected with the developing circuit suited to the
minimum force or generating capacity of the producers or generators (whether
dynamo or magneto electric therino electric or other form of generators or any
combination of them for converting wind power water power coal gas fuel or heat)
by combining them in the circuit with the elements of the magazines or trans-
formers ork and m through the medium of the connections 1, and I provide
through the medium of the switching or cominutating device ; for varying the
conductivity or resistance in the elements connected with the external circuit and
the circuit 1 so as to provide for transmitting the current for any (or the desired)
distance with any speed or tension as may be desired either for use through the
medium of translating devices supplied directly therefrom regulating devices u¹
for varying the conductivity of the Circuit being employed-I prefer to provide
for the accumulation or storage of power at distant points places or stations nearer
to the place or places where it is to be utilized in order to provide means for a
more constant employment of the electric mains and to provide a quantity where
and when necessary either of high or low force currents so as to permit the
utilization of the current with safety through buildings upon Railway trains and
for other purposes and to provide for regulating the force of the current on the
engine vehicles or trains at the station or elsewhere for the production of light heat
motive power or for the purpose of traction or any combination of them in the
stationary portion of the system as well as the portable portion. These require-
n.cuts are essential in order to provide for the transmission and utilization of
electric energy efficiently and economically and under such conditions and methods
of working any source can be employed natural or otherwise
Under my method of working I construct and use one or more conserving
accumulating storing regulating or converting device k with electrical conductors
terminals or parts which constitute or form the charging circuit and the discharging
or translating circuits these conductors being of different proportions in section or
carrying capacity or of varied conductivity or resistance so that one or more
charging Conductors 1 are adapted to convey the current of low electro motive force
or tension from the source or any one or more generating devices to one or more
conserving accumulating regulating or converting devices as at k or at R and m

page_text: or u which are adapted to receive the current transmitted and the other conductor
'or conductors or discharging circuit 9 through which the electric energy is trans-
mitted from such conserving accumulating regulating or converting device or
devices k of less area in section of length for conveying the current of increased
electro motive force or tension through the discharging circuit q
In the above named Figures as well as in other Figures of the drawings I have
shown an apparatus or system for. generating storing distributing and utilizing
electric energy in which the electric energy is conveyed from one or more generating
devices with or without, one or more electric reservoirs as at' kor k and m or u
(with or without convertors) to one or more distant Stations where one or more
electric reservoirs as at u with or without convertors are placed or to reservoirs on
magazines F upon an engine vehicle or train or from one set of eléctric reservoirs
to another set or sets of electric reservoirs situated. at a distance from each other
through one or more conductors 9 of lighter section than would be required pro-
viding such electric reservoirs u or Fi or any combination. of them were not
employed in the system
I therefore obtain important advantages under this method of transmitting
electric energy to one or more distant points places or stations (as at 11) where one
or more electric reservoirs as at F¹ or u are placed or adapted to operate upon the
engine vehicle or train or in the stationary portion of the system so as to conserve
the electric energy at one or more points places or stations as set forth whereby I
regulate the supply and tension of the current passing from the said reservoirs to
the discharging or translating circuits or to one or more translating devices in
such Circuits or to one or more magazines F¹ or translating devices Li forming
part of the equipment of a wagon vehicle or train or any combination of them
In Figure 1 I have shewn batteries magazines or accumulators u at a distant
point connected in the main electrical circuit through the medium of a derived
circuit or branch which limits the quantity of the current passing into the
storage or accumulating devices or magazines dependent upon the force or tension
of the current in the main circuit, these accumulators or storage devices u aro
provided with two sets of terminals or conductors which provide for varying the
conductivity or working resistance in the charging circuit 9 and discharging
circuit u so as to provide for varying the force of the current in the translating
or discharging circuits u³ from the force of the current in the main circuit' 9 or
for regulating the force of the current in the discharging or working circuits
irrespective of the force of the current in the main current The arrangement of
this device may be such that the working resistance in the charging circuit 9 will
be greater than in the discharging circuit u: any arrangement of the connections
which will provide for this result or the reduction of the price of the current in
the discharging or working circuit or the variations of the force of the current
in the discharging or working circuit u² from the force of the current in the main
circuit 9 or the variation of the conductivity in the charging circuit and
discharging terminals u² of the accumulating and storing magazines u compounded
and adapted to operate as current transformers or regulators or as simple magazines
for the accumulation or storage of energy at distant points or stations in the circuits
or for use upon vehicles or trains, provides for the practical subdivision distribution
and utilization of electric energy in a system however extended I therefore con-
struct or use for such purpose at the distant stations works houses or other places
such conserving accumulating storing regulating or converting devices u (alone or
in combination with the devices u¹ as herein more fully described) with electrical
conductors terminals or parts which constitute or form the charging and discharging
or translating circuits of different proportions in cross section or carrying capacity
so as to be adapted to supply into or through the discharging circuit u³ electric
energy suited (with or without the employment of the Circuit controlling
devices as described with reference to u") to the translating devices in such circuit
irrespective of the carrying capacity of the charging conductor or conductors
9 or for a given time as herein described

page_text: In my electrical system of distribution I may use any number and various
combinations of the electric reservoirs or accumulating devices Flu adapted to
operate as electric potential regulators or current transformers (with or without
the employment of the devices u in connection therewith) upon the engines
vehicles or trains or on the stationary portions of the system or both and obtain
important advantages which are not otherwise obtainable
I have shown at 12 an electrical circuit from the developing or generating circuit
connected or extending to the portion of the circuit G which is adapted to provide
for the completion of an electrical circuit through the electrical connections forming
part of the equipments of the engine vehicle or train; this section of conductor is
shewn extending but a short distance along the line Under this arrangement tho
magazines F will necessarily be employed as working resistances to store the
energy in the electrical circuit of the engine as will be understood from the descrip-
tion herein given-I can employ continuous circuits or lengths or sections G as
described and illustrated with reference to other figures of the drawings-I have
shown a Circuit making device at ud for controlling this Circuit and u³ represents
an electro magnetic device in the return circuit which operates upon an armature
or core mounted upon a lever u³ carrying on its other end a circuit making device
or resistance which is adapted to operate upon the portion of the circuit extending
to the magazine / The normal position of this Circuit making device may be
such as (through the agency of a spring or weight or through the agency of a
current passing through a derived circuit from the developing circuit) to com-
plete the circuit 1 as described with reference to the automatic cut off at ff'g
Figure 1-In order to provide for the operation I use the electric magnetic
device u of sufficient strength to overcome the force of the electric magnetic
device or spring in connection with the automatic cut off or circuit making and
breaking device g-When the Circuit is closed at G through the magazine F' or
electric circuit on the engine vehicle or train the device u is rendered operativo
and places a resistance in the circuit (or breaks the circuit entirely) just in pro-
portion to the amount of energy which can be utilized in the electrical circuit
of the vehicle in other words the electrical circuit of the vehicle short circuits the
developing circuit if the resistance in the circuit of which G is a part is less
than the resistance of the circuit 1 through the magazine or transformers k or R
and mor u or the like-This automatic working of these circuits is easily
determined and as the position or movement of the vehicle automatically completes
the circuit at G providing the circuit maker u occupies a position in conformity
with such portion or this circuit maker u may be electrically operated
automatically by arranging the same in proximity to the rails so that some
movable part will be operated upon by the passing vehicle but I prefer to control
the circuit G from the cabin in most cases so as to decrease to a minimum the loss
from leakage or rather from moisture or imperfect insulation which must exist in
the ordinary methods proposed for the working of Railways electrically When the
Circuit is broken at G (irrespective of the position of the circuit maker u) the
electro magnetic device u ceases to be effective and the electro magnetic device
spring or weight at g causes the rocking of the armature w³ and the completion of
the circuit or decrease of resistance in the circuit 1 to the magazines-I can employ
a similar arrangement to that just described for transmitting the current through
the main circuit 9 from the developing circuit 1 and when the resistance in the
circuit becomes too great for the generative capacity of the producer or generator
the current is directed into the magazine k and I practice this method of charging
one magazine or group of magazines after another magazine or group or series of
them have been charged at the generating source or station or elsewhere in the
system (stationary or portable) or any combination of them and I cut the
magazines ku or the like or any combination of them out of the charging circuit 1
(or any other supply circuit) by the automatic cut off device as described with
reference to g Figure 2 and other Figures of the drawings or the equivalent
thereof I prefer however cut offs electro magnetically operative as they are more

page_text: active in their operation and provide for preventing the backward flow of the
current to the source or into the uninsulated circuit or source of supply I have
shewn a circuit connected with the main circuit 9 as at 13 with a cut off
device u all of which is adapted to operate substantially as described with
reference to the Circuit 12 other than working from the magazine k instead of
from the developing Circuit 1. Under this arrangement the electric devices
motors L and magazines F will be adapted to operate as working resistances in
the discharging circuit G (from 13) from the magazine at the generating source
At uu u I have shewn electric translating devices placed in derived circuits
from the main circuit 9; under these conditions and the usual arrangements the
working resistances in these circuits would be suited to the current transmitted
through the main circuit 9 but I prefer to employ devices as described with
reference to u thermo electrically or electro magnetically operative or the
resistance of the working resistances may be utilized in combination with the force
of the current in the main or derived circuit by the employment of means as
at u with or without the combination of the device u" for reducing or regulating
the force of the current in the translating working or discharging circuits By the
employment of these devices I provide for making the translating devices or
discharging circuits at the distant points for supplying energy for the operation of
railways or for use upon the vehicles as well as for other purposes practically
independent for a given time of the generating or developing source or of the prime
store or magazine or magazines kor k and m at the generating source when the
current passes from the main circuit 9 into the branch u The magnetic or electric
translating device at g is operated upon so as to complete the circuit through the
medium of the plunger f¹ against the force of a spring or weight and the current
is directed into the elements of the devices u through the medium of the switching
or commutating device (except when Gas Magazines are employed) which is shewn
as being netuated by an electro magnetic or meter device combined with the
device and the pump j* which is adapted to pump or force air or liquid into the
Chamber h and thereby cause the rise of the liquid conductor in the chamber i in
exact proportion to the conservation accumulation or storage of energy in the
Magazines u. The Magazines u continue to operate as working resistances in the
circuit uu until the liquid in the Chamber h is forced downwards by the
compression in or weight of the air or liquid therein to some predetermined limit
thereby causing the rise of the circuit closing device (through the medium of
the liquid rising in the Chamber ) which carries a circuit controller or plunger
as at operating in the Chamber to break the charging circuit u either
directly or by breaking the derived circuit including the Electric Magnetic
or translating device as at g thereby providing for the spring or weight
operating the plunger f¹. The Electro Magnetic device can be operativo
in a derived or branch circuit from the circuit u¹ or the discharging circuits
u or both of desired. In some cases I employ a derived circuit from
the discharging circuit of the Magazines to operate upon the valve n so as to pro-
portion the escape of air or liquid from the chamber h to the consumption or
discharge from the magazine u into the discharging circuits G and translating or
working circuits u³ and in some cases I employ in lieu thereof the regulating
device adapted to provide for varying the conducting of the circuit u¹ in
accordance with the variation or resistance or consumption of energy in the
circuit u or the like. I have shown electric lamps heaters and motors adapted to
operate as working resistances in the circuit u u" represents a regulating device
electruically operative magnetically or otherwise u¹ represents circuit controllers
in such derived circuit and us represents a circuit controller for cutting out or
putting in the entire length of such circuits. I have shown at 14 connections from
the main circuit of extending to the portion of the circuit G with a circuit con-
troller us (of simple or compound for adapted to provide for the reversal of the
current or otherwise) I have also shown a discharging circuit from the devices

page_text: connected as at 15 with the conductor or rails G and à circuit controller in such
circuit at u. These arrangements provide for placing the magazines F¹ the
motors L or both as working resistances in the circuit G from the Magazines kat
the generating source or as working resistances in the discharging circuit from the
Magazines transformers regulators or reduces u or u¹³ or a combination of them
when the circuit makers EE' E' hereinafter described and the electrical connections
are adjusted upon the Engine Vehicle or elsewhere (or continuously as herein
described) The circuit makers u° for controlling the supply to the portion of the
circuit at G and consequently to the electrical circuits or working resistance upon
the Engine Vehicle or Train the motors L the magazines F' or the brake blocks (if
desired) or to a series of Magazines F upon independent Vehicles combined or
constituting a train by being coupled together as is usual (with coupling devices
between each vehicle preferably for the completion of a main electrical circuit
extending throughout the length of the train in which magazines are included so
as to be adapted to operate as working resistances when in the main electrical
circuit from the developing circuit 1 or the main circuit 9 from the Magazines
regulators or current transformers k u or w¹ or a combination of any two or more
of them or the discharging circuits (of which G is a part) from the Magazines or
electric potential regulators or currents transformers I have shown at 11* a derived
circuit u an electric meter at u18 and motor heater and lamp circuits and regu-
lators in each circuit respectively and I prefer to vary the conductivity of those
circuits on each side of the regulator or resistance or through the medium of the
regulating devices u" so as to provide for reducing the force of the current in the
translating portions of the circuit At 11' I have shown induction condensing
accumulating or storing devices connected with the main circuit 9 through the
derived circuit u'. Those devices u. u or the elements thereof are adapted to be
alternately or consecutively charged and discharged and cut out of the main circuit 9
when fully charged and the current is adapted to be measured and regulated as
described with reference to the operation of the devices in conjunction with k u
with or without the employment of the regulating device u" and preferably with
such device when induction or condensing devices are employed-At 22 I have
shown a veleicle with an electrical equipment for the utilization of electric energy
thereon (for lighting heating brake power and for propelling such vehicle) as will
be understood from the description herein given with reference to Figure 4 and
other Figures of the drawings I have shown a series of circuit makers E. E'. E'.
Es. E. E. and K or the equivalent thereof for the following purposes viz K provides
for placing the magazine F in electrical communication with one or both of the
rails or a conductor G so that the magazine F¹ will be adapted to operate as
working resistances in the main electrical circuit from the source or developing
circuit or from the magazines k with or without other converters or current trans-
formers or electric potential regulators k or u with or without the device u¹ being
continued with and adapted to operate in the charging circuit to the magazines F¹
or u or a combination of them on the vehicle or from the magazines or any combi-
nation of them connected in the circuits to the magazines F1 or u upon the vehicle.
These magazines may be charged at intervals along the line as at the Stations or
terminals of the line without removal from the vehicle as herein described and by
the employment of an automatic cut off device S as hereinafter described with
reference to Figure 4 I prevent loss of energy from the electrical circuits of the
vehicle in case of accident or mistakes of any kind or in case the magazines F¹
shall become fully charged or in case the electric potential in the uninsulated or
stationery circuit shall be too low to overcome the resistence or electric potential
upon the vehicle E' and E' represent the circuit makers for controlling the motion
and direction of the vehicle and adapted to place the motor in parallel circuit or
Beries, or for varying the conductivity of the motor circuits and for varying the
supply and resistence or conductivity in the elements of the Magazines or the force
and supply of the current therefrom as described with reference to these circuit

page_text: making devices in Figure 4 and other Figures of the drawings. The part E also
operates in a similar manner to that described with reference to Figure 4 and others
of the drawings
The connections of the circuits with the switches E. E'. E². are not shown but
may be similar to those hereinafter described with reference to Figure 4. The
circuit maker E³ is shown for controlling the heater circuit v. The circuit maker E
controls the Lamp circuit v¹ and the circuit maker E. 5 controls the brake circuit v².
represents regulating devices in these circuits and adapted to operate as
described with reference to other Figures of the drawings E' E' represents
witching devices in the heater and lamp circuits in each department or com-
partment
The circuit makers ES E E³ can be controlled by electro magnetic devices as
at E' which are shown adapted to operate in the discharging circuits v. v'. vª. from
the Magazines F¹
The arrangement of these magazines F¹ can be similar to those at ¼ and w. or as
at F Figure 4 but in order to always have a supply for lighting and heating
purposes when the Magazines F are electro chemical batteries it is desirable to
provide auxilliary magazines for this purpose so that the main magazines F¹ for
propelling the vehicle engine or tramcar can both or all of them be thrown into the
circuit at the stations or as the vehicle may be moving over or along the electrical
sections G For lighting purposes when employ electro chemical batteries or
magazines I provide for charging them alternatively when the lights are in
operation but by the employment of a suitable arrangement of conductors inde-
pendent of the alternatively operative circuit I am enabled to charge the Magazines
under other conditions collectively for lighting purposes by the employment of
gas Magazines electrically or otherwise operative or by a suitable arrangement to
provide for such a result when electro chemical batteries are employed. Such
connections may be thrown into the circuit of the system at the station or elsewhere
by the guard Engine Driver or attendant through a main charging circuit extending
throughout the train or the Magazines on such vehicle may be thrown into the
circuit separately so as to pass the current through the electrical circuit of cach
vehicle I provide automatic cut offs in the charging circuits to these Magazines Fl
as herein described and the letters on the drawing indicate the employment of
devices similar to those described at k. or u. (with or without u.) but I do not limit
myself to these arrangements as I may use gas magazines or batteries and automatic
cut offs in the circuit to cut the Magazines out of the charging Circuits when some
predeterinined limit of Storage shall be reached or when some predetermined
amount of work shall be accomplished in a governing device electrically operative
as a meter device as herein described It will be seen in the working of my system
howover extended for the operation of Railways as well as for other uses, that
my Magazines operate to secure the following important and essential advantages.
1. To decrease the capital outlay in producers or generators and in devices or
means for their operation
2. To decrease the amount of Metal in the main electrical Circuit or Circuits
3. To regulate and make the translation of energy independent of the generation
production or conversion for a given time
4. To regulate the supply and electric potential or to vary the electrical potential
in independent translating discharging or working circuits
5. To render the generators of whatever character simply producers and not
regulators of electric potential
6. To make the inain Circuit or Circuits practically independent of the
working of the translating Circuit and reduce the force of the current suited to
all purposes
7. To use currents of high tension in the main circuit obviate danger within
houses or at the place of use to obviate the difficulties of insulation in the working
of Railways and to extend an electrical system to any limit or to utilize power
however distant and of any character

page_text: 8. To make the conversation or accumulation of electric energy the Governor
and regulator of the entire system, however extented (with or without the
employment of the devices u") and to cut off the producers or generators or the
force or power employed when some predetermined maximum of accumulation or
storage shall be reached
9. To reduce to a minimum the electrical resistance between the distributing
source and the working resistances at distant points by the employment of the
earth or an uninsulated circuit as an element in the electric circuit with which one
or more insulated circuits is or are adapted or combined to operate in such a
manner as to oporate a conductor of unlimited capacity from which the current
can be conducted or induced so as to flow into the insulated circuit at various
points throughout its length
Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating a system of electric distribution wherein I
have shewn at 30 Magazines u adapted to operate as working resistances in a
branch or derived circuit from the main circuit 9; the operation of this device will
be understood from the description of other Figures of the drawings as operating to
provide for the conservation or storage of the energy (transmitted through the
main circuit which is preferably so combined with this device as to provide for a
current being conducted or induced from the earth or uninsulated portion of the
circuit into the insulated portion 9* of the circuit in which the device u is
adapted to operate) at 30 nearer to or at the place of utilization or discharge so as
to provide a reserve at such place Cut off regulating, charging meter devices and
charging and discharging circuits are arranged at this point as indicated by letters
as at B g... but I can employ any device adapted to conserve accumulate or store
electric energy (whether gas batteries, electro chemical batteries or otherwise) for
such purpose and provide for cutting out the charging circuit thereto with or
without the employment of condensing or induction devices or regulating devices u¹¹
or a combination of them adapted to operate in or upon the circuit u³ or u' or both
or a branch or loop from either one or both. By such means I regulate the
charging and discharging and regulate or vary the electric potential in the
discharging circuits or working circuits u³ G and the working circuits T. and
working resistance L F1 with or without the employment of the condensing
indication or regulating devise u forming part of the electrical equipment of the
engine vehicle or train so that there will be no conflict in the working of my
system or any part thereof either stationary or portable or both I have shown a
Circuit as from the magazine u extending to the portion of the circuit G. thence
through the electrical connection 1. as at 33. (as described with referenco to
Figure 5.) where I have shown a series of circuits and controlling devices E E¹ Eª.
combined with the circuits and adapted to operate as described with reference
thereto. and other figures of the drawings The device E. controls the inortor
circuit T. for reversing the direction of the current and the direction of movement
of the vehicle and for varying the conductivity of the circuit T to the motors L. E'
controls the current or circuits from the stationary source or supply from the main
circuit 9 or developing circuit or in the discharging circuit or circuits u² or
from the magazines or convertors as to u. k. or other accumulating storage or
induction devices u. or regulating devices u¹ or a combination of them in the
election circuit for transferring or regulating the force or varying the electrical
potential of the current or force of the current or the supply in the charging and
discharging circuits The circuit maker E2 is adapted to provide for varying the
internal resistance of the magazines F. or the supply of energy or force of the
current from such magazines F when placed in the circuit T through the medium
of the circuit maker E. as before described. The Circuit controller E is adapted to
operate in the main charging circuit between the Magazine E' and the stationary
source of supply I have shown the circuit at 35 connected therewith and I have
shown a main charging circuit at 33 with coupling devices at 37 extending to the
magazines F upon the independent vobicles I have shown these magazines F
adapted to be charged discharged and regulated in charging and discharging and to

page_text: be cut out of the main charging circuit in a similar manner to the devices or
with or without the employment of the regulating devices u" described in other
figures of the drawings I can employ gas Magazines adapted to operate as a
working resistence in the same charging circuit 35 and 36 for the conservation of.
energy upon the Vehicles and engines and to be cut out of the circuit as described
with reference to other Figures of the drawings I have shown the magazines F'
provided with discharging or working circuits vvv with controlling devices E' and
independant controlling devices gº and controlling devices E³ in each department
or for each light or heater
At 39 I have shown a circuit controller for placing the magazines in the charging
circuit and for throwing both or all of the mggazines F' into the charging circuit
I have shown circuit makers E E which may be employed for controlling the
light and brake circuits v³ ³.
I sometimes employ an independent circuit maker upon an electric engine
vehicle or train for controlling the electrical connections with are adapted to place
a motor or series of motors L in circuit with a part or a set group or series of
devices F coupled or connected so as to be adapted to provide for the accumulation
or storage of power in the form of electric energy when such mortor or series of
them is or are so connected in an electrical circuit as to serve for the retardation of
the motion of the engine vehicle or train and with another set or series of electrical.
connections or an electrical circuit as described with reference to the circuit
maker Es for utilizing a motor L or a series of them for the propulsion of the
engine vehicle or train when such motor L or series of them be placed in an
electrical Circuit with a set group or series of devices coupled or adapted to operato
in tension series or so as to transmit and regulate the electric motive force of the
current in the motor circuit T suited to the resistance in such motor circuit and
suited to the power or speed required in driving the engine vehicle or train or
when the motors L are placed in the electrical circuit G and adapted to operate as
working resistance in such circuit for propelling the engine vehicle or train. In
order to provide for controlling the current passing from the developing source or
circuit through the conductors G I employ a circuit maker as u with or without
circuit controlling devices adapted to operate in the circuit at a distance other than
the circuit controlling device in the engine K* (with or without the employment of
the automatic cut off and circuit controlling device S or the pressure gauge of a gas
magazine or governor) or the completion or interruption of the electrical circuit G
through the electrical connection established or broken automatically by the
position or movement of the vehicle or train.
I have shown at 40ª circuit maker E' and 'elctrical connections T to the
motor L as described the end of view at 41 shows such circuit maker in its
normal position so as to provide for an interrupted circuit from the magazine F¹
or from the main supply circuit G dependent upon the position of the circuit
maker as described.
I have shewn at 42 an electric engine equipped with motors L electrical
connections T circuit controllers at 43 adapted to be operated over a continuous
conductor G from the magazine u' or others of the drawings without magazine F
upon the engine In an extended system or where the conductors extend across
roadways or through crossings lines serious difficulties arise of insulation could be
provided but it will be seen that even with this system I obtain important
advantages by providing means at fixed points or stations for the conservation
or accumulation of energy at various points along the line I have shown
magazines indicated by the number 44, these magazines are shown adopted
to be connected and disconnected through the electrical connectious upon the
engines vehicle or train as the vehicle passes over the sections of the conductor G
and the circuit is shown as further controlled by the compound circuit maker S
which is electro magnetically operated by independent circuit or circuit which
circuits are shown as controlled from a central point or signalmans cabin as
herein described The circuit making devices S are shown provided with an

page_text: electro magnetic arrangement as at S' which is adapted to be energized so as to
close the circuit to the conductor G and cut out the main charging circuit
(which may be the uninseulated earth circuit) providing the supply circuit shall
not have been previously. cut out automatically I have shown at 45 double
conductors G for the rails of the line adapted to be connected with the
magazines u and to provide for the completion of an electrical circuit through the
motor circuits T I have shown a compound circuit maker for reversing the
current through the conductor G if desired for stopping a train or for propelling
the same
I have shown a compound electro magnetic device carrying a compound
circuit maker which is shown maintained in its normal position by a spring or the
equivalent thereof This device is shown adapted to operate to operate in the dis-
charging circuits G and to be controlled from the central station by the circuit
making devices S³ connected therewith by independent circuit it will be seen that in
accordance with the direction of the currents transmitted the direction of rotation
will depend therefore I employ a compound circuit making device S³ to provide for
such a result. I have shown the circuit making or commutating device 46 with
the contact parts arranged upon a shaft and adapted to fit into recesses or
grooves S' in which I employ a liquid. The metallic portions aro mounted upon,
or in, insulating material adapted to provide for such a separation of the parts S
as may be necessary or suited to the special arrangement or working of the
circuits and the devices in connection therewith I prefer to employ such means
for my circuit makers E E or the like and for charging and discharging my
magazines or converters in fact for all rises through an apparatus or system as I
am enabled to provide for utilizing high tension currents and to issure the
efficiency and conductivity of my circuits and to obviate or minimize firing.
Under another arrangement as illustrated in the diagram Figure 10 I employ
condensers or induction devices u or a combination or series of the same adapted
to be connected in the motor circuit T, through the medium of the switching or
accumulating devices j operated by the device and 1 employ means in the supply
circuit from the stationary source or main magazines F1 for varying the
conductivity of the circuit, it being regulated preferably through the medium of
the tapered conical or pointed device indicated at 45 with or without the
employment of the device u¹³.
The operation of these devices will be understood from the description before
given. By such means I can at will increase or vary the force of the current, in
the discharging circuit T and thereby provide for obtaining important advantages
both in point of construction and efficiency
I also in some cases employ a similar arrangement at the stations 1. 2. or 3ª or
in the circuit G, for regulating the force in the said circuit G from the developing
or primary source or at the subsidiary stations or places.
Under another arrangement I provide for varying the force of the current, from
the magazines k, u or the like by the employment of a switching or comulating
device; adapted to provide for varying the number of elements of the magazines
or devices u adapted to operate in the stationary supply circuits at the stations or
élsewhere.
I have shown a plan of an engine and tender with the circuits indicated by
letter. One set of circuits shews means for varying the internal resistance in the
magazines For the force of the current in the discharging circuits therefrom the
devices uu and circuit controller and other parts in connection therewith provide
for a similar result with less complication. As the force of current can he
regulated without requiring the complication of the circuits from the magazines F¹
which may be of low internal resistance.
Figure 5 is a digrammatic view and Figure 6 a partial elevation wherein I bave
shown an Engine or Vehicle equipped with electrical connections or electrical
circuits including magarines batteries or accumulators and electric moters part
or all of which are adapted to be placed in electrical communication or operate
as working resistances in an electrical circuit with or without utilizing the

page_text: earth as a portion of the circuit to the return insulated circuit on the reverse or
through an insulated circuit from the generating developing or storage source or
any combination of them providing the electric potential or force of the current is
sufficient to overcome the resistance in the circuit or circuits upon the vehicle or
train G represents a portion of the stationary electrical circuit in or adapted to be
placed in communication with the developing or storage source through the
medium of a circuit and preferably under the control of an Operator but by
suitable arrangements upon the engine such circuit making devices can be
dispensed with or used in conjunction with the arrangements upon the engine or
vehicle so that the circuit will be automatically completed through the insulated
connections upon the engine vehicle or train by short circuiting the current or
creating or completing a derived circuit on the engine vehicle or train as it
occupies certain sections of the line. I have shown a circuit making device K
under the control of the engine driver or attendant. This device is represented as
a vertically moving piece K° which carries a wheel K. adapted to operate in a
trough or groove formed in the portion of the electrical circuit G extending from
or in communication with the developing source or store or both as the return
circuit or otherwise In order to prevent firing in making and breaking the circuit
I sometimes use a liquid in this trough channel or chamber of the conductor G.
This trough is composed of or supports any suitable conducting metal or material
and is connected or adapted to be connected in the circuit with the developing
source or store or both and constitute a portion of an insulated circuit or a derived
circuit from the main circuit or branch from the main or discharging or working
the circuit with the current flowing from an insulated circuit
earth or the
reverse through an insulated circuit from one or more or a group of magazines
batteries or accumulators devices U 12 and condensing or production devices in
continuation therewith adapted to provide for the conservation or accumulation
of energy in the stationary circuit or circuits for use partially or entirely through
the circuits containing the working resistances forming part of the electrical
equipment of an engine vehicle or train. I have shown the device K supported
in its normal position by a spring. The piece K is provided with or carried by
a lever K. In the drawing the lever is shown provided with teeth or gearing
adapted to fit into and operate in conjunction with a rack upon the piece K-The
lever is shown supported by a spring and carrying the piece R. and locked in
position by the spring catch K, so as to interrupt the communication between the
electrical circuit circuits connections or devices employed in the electrical system or
equipment of an engine vehicle or train and the stationary circuit or circuits as
herein described. When it is described. When it is desired to put the two systems
in communication by the movement of the lever from the position shown in the
drawings the pieco K will be thrown in contact with the part G and will thereby
provide for the current passing providing there shall be no other interruption in
the stationary circuit or in the circuit upon the engine vehicle or train. When
the lever K is moved so as to compress the spring at K2 and to make contact
at G the spring catch K' upon the lever locks the same at K³. This lock or
engaging face is mounted upon a support which is maintained in position
by a Spring K* on the equivalent thereof so as to provide an elasticity to
compensate for any wear of the parts or variations in height of the surface G
over which the contact (part) or wheel K operates. I have shewn the piece K
carrying a plunger K³ adapted to fit into a chamber K containing a liquid.
I have also shown a series of other chambers or parts K' which are connected
with the main supply chamber K. In such chambers K' I fit a plunger
or moveable piece K adapted to be brought into contact with the mercury
or liquid contained therein under certain conditions as herein described and
I mount each of these plungers moveable contacts or displacers upon the armaturo
ог core of a solenoid S or other electro magnetic device the energizing
coils or coils of which may at all times be in contact with the mercury in the
chambers (or at such times as the main displacer or plunger or plunger causes the

page_text: rise of the liquid in the Chambers K K' that is to say when the piece K³ is in
such a position as to provide for the completion of an electrical circuit between the
stationary and moveable portions of the circuit as at G or the equivalent thereof)
except when the circuit is broken at K or at the circuit controlling device E.
I have shown each magnetic device provided with a core and energizing element
or coil extending from K. to the device F in connection with each battery or
magarine although one such device is sufficient for all practical purposes when the
magazines are charged as one or alternatively and consecutively and discharged in
a similar in a similar manner. This device F2 is shown as a Chamber in which a
liquid such as mercury is employed and adapted to be operated by the presure of
gas evolved by electrolytic Action in the electro chemical batteries F' or by the
decomposition of a liquid as in a gas battery but I wish it understood that I may
employ any device for such purpose that will represent the work done in the
magazine for instance I can employ merealy a column of water mercury or other
means adapted to be heated in a similar chamber by an electric current which
when heated will cause the interruption of the circuit in the energizing coil or
conductor of the salenoid or electro magnetic device. The Action will therefore
be as follows when the piece K is thrown in contact with the conductor at G the
current flows through the piece K (which is entirely insulated from the upper part
of the rod carrying the piece K) to the mercury cups K K' through the device E
to the solenoid (which represents a derived circuit) and then through system upon
the engine vehicle or train-When the circuit between the stationary portion of the
system and the electrical connection upon the vehicle or train is closed-In
accordance with the arrangement in Figure 5 the current passes from the
connection k. ³. through the mercury in the Chambers . k². (or other suitable
contacts) through the main charging circuit on the vehicle or through a
series of circuits leading therefrom to the magazines F'. as before described and
through the contact plates or circuit making device E if properly adjusted for such
purposes. This device E is shewn in its normal position as interrupting the circuit
to the magazine F' and I have shown an arrangement of the Contact plate or part
of this Circuit making device which may be summarized as follows This device E
is shown in its normal position as interrupting the circuit to the magazine F¹.—I have
shown an arrangement of the contact plates or parts of this circuit making device
which may be summarized as follows-When the handle 2 is turned from its norinal
position in one direction the circuit is completed through the Contacts 3 to one of the
magazines F' and when still further moved in the same direction both magazines F' F'
will be thrown into the Circuit Q of the stationary system through the medium of the
contacts 3 and 4 coupled for a minimum resistance in such circuit and will be
adapted to operate as a working resistance for the conversation of energy upon the
engine couservation of energy upon the engine under such condition-It will be
seen that the contacts 3, 4, lap each other to provide for the result stated.—It will
be understood that I am thereby enabled to place either one or both of the
magazines F¹ as a working resistance in the electric circuit of the stationary
bystein and by moving the lever 2 back to its normal position and in the opposite
direction to that first named one set of the magazines F¹ can be placed in the
circuit through the medium of the contact 5 in a similar manner to that described
with reference to the contacts at 3 by still further movements in the same
direction and through the medium of the sectious or contacts 6, 6, the magazines
are placed in the electric circuit of the stationary system as a working resistance
double of what was the case under the first named conditions-Therefore it follows
that the electric potential or force of the current in the main circuit must of
necessity be much higher than would be required under the first method of
charging and in order to provide for such method of working I sometimes provide
somewhat similar arrangements of circuit making devices adapted to operate in the
Stationary portion of the system so as to provide for varying the working
istence and for varying the force of the current transmitted through the
main charging circuit or circuits as herein fully described with or without special

page_text: connections adapted to operate in conjunction with magazines other than those
combined with a switching device. I have shewn the circuit maker E provided
with contact plates to which the coils or elements for the energising of the solenoides
or magnetic devices S extend to that when the circuit maker E is moved from its
normal position and so as to provide for the charging of the magazine or
magazines F¹ the electrical circuit for energizing the magnetic device S will be
completed and the core or armature connected with the device will be operated
as stated E' represents a circuit making device provided with suitable contact parts
and arrangements of electrical connections to provide for the following results as
will be understood from the previous description.
1. For placing the motors L' in electrical communication with the stationary
portion G of the electrical circuit (providing the circuit makers E. E' will permit
of same) I prefer to make the normal position of the circuit makers E' provide through
the contact 7 7 for the completion of circuit so as to make the cut off at F2 thereby
energizing the solenoid and acting upon one of the coils or armatuers carrying the
displacers circuit makers or plungers K³ so as to cause the rise of the liquid thereby
completing the main electrical circuit to one or both of the magazines which are
adapted to operate as a working resistance in such Circuit until some pre-
determined or maximum accumulation of energy is reached when the circuit at F
will be broken by the pressure of gas liquid or otherwise thereby causing the
demagnetication of the electro magnetic device or solenoid S. A spring or the
equivalent thereof forces the core or armature carrying the plunger K³ into such a
position as to interrupt the charging circuit to the magazine and decrease or cut
out partly or entirely the working resistanco or the electrical circuit upon the
wagon vehicle or train previously in communication with the stationary portion of
the circuit or circuits extending from the developing source or store or both as
herein provided for irrespective of the condition of or relative position of other
portions of the circuit at G or elsewhere. This same arrangement also acts as an
efficient cut off to prevent any backward flow or loss of current from the magazine
or electrical circuit upon the engine vehicle or train in case the electric potential
or pressure in the stationary portions G of the circuit should be less than that of
the magazine or magazines or in the electrical circuit or circuits upon the engine
vehicle wagon er train.
In order to provide for utilizing the energy direct from the main circuit for
motive power while running and charging the magazines or for charging inde-
pendent sets or groups of magazines on different vehicles I employ branches or
derived circuits from the main connections for establishing communication between
the stationary and portable parts or circuits-At each set or group of magazines
I employ devices to regulate the charging and overcharging and to prevent the
backward flow of the current in case of accident or the fall of electric potential
in the main charging circuits-Time mechanism may be employed (electro
magnetically or otherwise operated for charging the magazines upon the vehicles
but I prefer ortomatically operative devices as herein described or illustrated or the
equivalent thereof.
I have shewn a series of circuit makers under the control of the Engine driver
adapted to operate in the charging and discharging circuit of the magazines and
the supply circuit from the stationary system or portion of the electrical circuit or
circuits from the developing sources stores or magazines converters transformers
or regulators a kuu" or any combination of them adapted to operate as electric
potential regulators or converters for the maintenance or developinent of a higher
electric potential in the stationary portion of the circuit so that the motors or
magazines or both respectively when in circuit therewith will be adapted to
perform their respective functions-The motors to operate working resistances for
the propulsion or operation of vehicles or traffic and the magazine or magazines
as working resistances for the conservation or accumulation of energy in one or
more of the electrical circuits derived circuits or branches of the portion of the
electrical

page_text: Figure 11 is a diagrammatic view representing an arrangement of electric
circuits and devices employed in connection therewith for the distribution
regulation measurement and utilization of electric energy.
In this apparatus or system of clectrical distribution I have shewn means for
utilizing the earth Railway lines or tracks water and gas conductors or water &
channels or an insulated conductor or portion of the circuit which may be con-
nected with the substrata or watercourses by extensions from the metallic portions
of the circuit to or in connection with the uninsulated portion. These conditions
may be adapted to be led to the substrata by boring or otherwise so as to provide
for conducting transmitting or inducing electric currents so as to cause them to
flow into or through a return insulated conductor or conductors The uninsulated
conductor or portion of the circuit is indicated and the main insulated return
circuit or circuits is or are indicated at 9*. I have shown at various points the
translating devices or working resistances (such as electric lamps heaters motors
electric magazines storing accumulating converting commutating reversing
regulating resistance and cut off and measuring devices) adapted to operate in
a circuit or derived circuit or circuits from the carth or uninsulated conductor
or conductors 9 to the insulated or return conductor or conductors 9* or from an
electric magazine or magazines accumulating condensing or induction devices or
combination of them adapted to be charged through the medium of the current
conducted or induced from the earth or uninsulated circuit 9. The translating
devices are shown adapted to operate in such circuits in multiple arc multiple
series or parallel circuit or series and upon a loop or a series of loops from the main
or derived circuit (the multiple arc circuits being indicated at A the multiple series
circuits at A' the series circuits at A' and the loop circuits at A³) so as to provide
for the independent working of the translating devices to be utilized or operated
in such circuit or circuits through the medium of automatically operative switch
devices (as at us for instance). In some cases I provide for regulating the current
flowing through these circuits by these automatically operative and variable
resistances u. Or by the induction condensing converting storing or accumulating
devices u. or any combination of them. I sometimes so construct or arrange these
accumulating storing or induction devices or any combination of them as to provide
for charging one or more of their parts while one or more other parts may be
discharging into the working or translating circuit or circuits And I sometimes
provide switching reversing commutating or automatic cut off devices or mechanism
as at j and
or a combination of them (or as shewn in and described with
reference to other figures of the drawings) operated by hand some devices
electrically or otherwise and adapted to so operate as to provide for cutting out
or regulating the charging and prevent the overcharging of the accumulating
storing or converting and regulating devices as at u which are so constructed or
combined in the circuits as to provide for regulating the discharge into a trans-
lating or working circuit or circuits or adapted to hold energy in reserve at fixed
points or places for the purpose of charging other reservoirs or magazines either
stationary or portable or both or adapted to supply the energy for the propulsion
of vehicles trains or other devices equipped with electric appliances and adapted to
move or be operated from or over fixed or determined points or places. Such
devices may be adapted to provide for the translation of such energy into
motive power or into light or heat or for any one or more of such purposes
through the mediuin of motors brake blocks or appliances having connected or com-
bined with them electro magnetic devices electric lamps (either are or incandescent
or heaters or other electric translating devices coupled in multiple are multiple
series series series or otherwise as desired. I provide for utilizing the energy at
stationary or fixed points or places throughout a district or a series of districts o
throughout a city along railway lines at stations or in connection with signalling
appliances and movable mechanism required or applicable along the lines for the
shunting of trains or the crossing of trains from one line into or over to anothe
line or any number of lines at junctions or stations or any combination of such

page_text: mechanism or devices with signalling devices at one or more or a series of stations
or places And by the employment of the rails of the line connected with or
forming part of an uninsulated circuit which is adapted to be completed through
an insulated circuit the circuit may be completed so as to provide for the reservoirs
or other devices forming part of the equipment of the vehicles or other portable
objects or devices operating as a working resistance or resistances for the conser-
vation or utilization of the current caused to flow from the uninsulated portion of
the circuit or from the magazines accumulating or induction devices charged
therefrom through the electric circuit or circuits of the vehicle when such circuit
or circuits is or are electrically connected with the element or elements of the
working resistance or resistances connected in series parallel circuit or otherwise
with the main insulated return conductor or a derived circuit therefrom or from
an independent circuit or circuits from the magazines accumulating or induction
devices or any combination of them adapted to provide for the conservation
accumulation or induction of electric energy in such independent circuit or circuits.
The main insulated conductor or conductors is or are connected with the element
or elements of the generator or a series of them or with the electric magazine or
magazines or accumulating induction or condensing devices or a combination of
them at the generating or distributing station or stations in such a manner as to
cause the current to blow from the uninsulated portion thereof at one or more
points through the medium of one or more connections derived circuits branches or
sub branches so as to provide for the distribution and utilization of power in such
circuits preferably through the medium of conserving accumulating condensing
induction or converting devices along lines or independent or separate districts
adapted solely for the purposes of the railway or the purposes of traction over
fixed or determined lines or places or adapted to form part of or operate in con-
junction with a fixed electrical system of distribution (for the production of light
heat or motive power or for the electro disposition or heating of metals ores or
other materials or for the reduction or extraction of metal or metals from metallic
ores or other purposes or any combination of them) in combination with portable
objects such as trains vehicles vessels boats torpedoes or signalling appliances
adapted to be operated from or over some fixed or determined line or place tho
stationary and portable portion or both portions of the clectrical system having
the accumulating or translating devices placed in multiple series multiple are or
series or any combination of such circuits with return by the insulated return
conductor or circuit or some of the working resistances or translating devices may
be in independent discharging circuits from the accumulating storing induction or
condensing devices adapted to supply and make independent in their working
certain districts or sections or certain groups or kinds of translating devices for
utilizing electric energy in the electrical system of distribution.
In order to accomplish this last named object I employ accumulating storage
converting or regulating devices preferably adapted to provide for the conservation
or accumulating of energy at certain points stations or places-These devices have
their elements connected with the earth or with insulated conductor or con-
nections connected with the insulated return conductor or portion of the circuit so
as to provide for the utilization conversion or accumulation of the current as it
passes from the earth into or through the return or insulated portion of the circuit
towards the device or elements which are employed to cause the current to flow.
As the current flows through or from the earth with a minimum resistance and
seeks the return circuit one or more of the reservoirs accumulating conserving or
induction devices or a combination of them of the
or such of
them as are adapted to operate as working resistances in the circuit become charged
by such current. I employ automatic cut offs to regulate the charging or to prevent
overcharging of such reservoirs and I regulate the resistance in accordance with
the position and use of accumulating devices in the circuit or I sometimes
couple them in multiple series or in a loop form and the main return circuit on
loop from a branch or sub-branch circuit and charge them from the most

page_text: distant point of the external circuit or I can so operate as to charge independent
groups or series of such accumulating devices arranged at a station or at any
number of stations or places in the system. The cut offs are adapted to be
operated by hand electrically telegraphically or by time mechanism or by the
pressure of gases or otherwise. They may be operated by a column of liquid by
the decomposition and recomposition of liquids or material by heat by expansion
or contraction or by light or by the vibration or undulation of air or gases suitable
mechanism being provided to combine the devices with a resistance or a series of
them adapted to operate in such a manner as to cut the magazine out of the
charging circuit. I prefer to employ the translating devices in insulated derived
circuits when the extend through buildings towns or the like in which the trans-
lating devices may be coupled in multiple are multiple series or series. I sometimes
so construct the magazines as to provide for always charging into one part thereof
and discharging from another part. This may be readily accomplished by the
.utilization of the gases caused by the decomposition of a liquid as more fully set
forth in the Specification of my aforesaid Letters Patent N° 2558.
I have shewn dynamo or magneto electric machines at a adapted to provide for
causing the current to flow from the uninsulated circuit 9 or earth into the return
circuit 9 of the system through the medium of one or more connections or the
derived circuits in which the translated devices are adapted to operate as working
resistances to the current flowing from the uninsulated circuit 9 direct the transla-
tion of energy and the amount of current flowing in such circuit boing regulated or
varied by the employment of translating devices.
which are arranged
upon loops or derived circuits or branches
devices u are employed from the derived circuits u¹ or from earth or from the
uninsulated circuit 9. The flow of the current or consumption of energy may be
regulated at each translating device by hand or automatically or both or by the
employment of an electro magnetic or other current regulating device adapted to
provide for varying the conductivity of the circuits K* or a group of such trans-
lating devices may be regulated by the employment of a regulating device u²
adapted to provide for varying the conductivity of the circuit or the force of the
current or the conductivity of the circuit may be varied through the medium of an
automatically operativo device combined with or adapted to operate in tho
discharging circuit from an electro chemical or gas battery or other form of
accumulating device or a combination of them as herein more fully described. Or
may provide for varying the force or flow of the curront by the employment of a
regulating device as at u" in the derived circuit or the circuit in which the
elements of the induction condensing or accumulating devices are adapted to
operate as current regulators or transformers as described with reference to other
figures of the drawings. I prefer to so construct and arrange these devices u12 as
to provide for the utilization of currents of high force or tension flowing through
the main circuit 9. 9 and materially reducing such force or tension in tho
translating or working circuits prior to the subdivision and passage of the current
into or through the buildings so as to provide for reducing to a minimum the
risk in conducting and utilizing electric currents in occupied compartments or
spaces. I have shewn in the building 1* an automatically operative regulating
device u adapted to provide for such a result I have shewn the portions of the
circuit u' as a derived circuit connected with or extending from the uninsulated
portion 9 of the circuit the direction of the current being indicated by the arrows.
I have shewn this device provided with a conical wedge shaped pointed or tapered
part 30 which is adapted to form part of the supply circuit. The
of this cone or pointed part 30 is so proportioned as to provide for limiting the
amount of current passing into the translating circuit u to the smallest possiblo
amount that can be utilized through the medium of one or more of the working
resistances adapted to operate in such circuit for the development of light heat or
motive power or for other purposes. The part 30 is also so formed and propor-

page_text: tioned relatively to the position of the circuit u leading thereto as to represent
some definite fractional proportion to the sectional area or conductively of the said
circuit a¹ which is shewn as adapted to provide for leading into the block or
building 1 A fractional portion of the main current, The part 25 is shown as
fitting into a vessel or chamber containing mercury and its point or end may be
normally in contract with such mercury or the continuation of the circuit u¹ 31
represents a plunger or moveable piece connected to a rocking arm or lever 32
combined with the core 33 of a solenoid 34 which is adapted to provide for the
mercury being at its lowest level when the said piece 31 is in its normal position
or in other words to provide for a minimum conductively in the portions
of the circuit indicated at 30, The moveable part of the device u when
in its normal position rests upon a stop 35 which may be adjustable
being maintained in such position by a weight or spring or the equivalent thereof
the force of which is so proportioned to the variation in the amount of metal or
conducting material in the part 30 and the power of the solenoid 34 or other
suitable device adapted to be operated by the electric current as to provide for the
maintenance and the variation of conductively in the circuit at 30 in exact pro-
portion to the variations of resistance in the translating circuit u³ or in other
words in exact proportion to the consumption of energy
and in
exact proportions to the force of the current or in other words the amount of
energy conducted or induced to flow through the circuit u'. Therefore the force
or amount of the current flowing through the portion of the circuit u' at 30 to
working circuit u will be regulated by and in accordance with the resistance or
resistances of the translating devise or devises in operation at any given time.
By such means I am enabled to vary to any extent the force of the current in tho
working portion u' of the circuit from the time of the current in the derived
current By the employment of the circuit u' of such conductivety as to be
adapted to provide for conveying the requisite amount of energy into theso
circuits u with a force say of 1000 Volts and the point of the cone or piece
30 represents and provids for conveying only say one thousandth
1. H
Tou part of
the quantity of current which can be transmitted through the circuit u' and
part 30 and the electro magnetic device 33, 34 adapted to so operate as to provide
for varying the conductivety of the circuit as at 30 in the determined relative
proportions to the variation of the resistance in the circuit u as the lamps heaters
or other translating devises may be included in or cut out of the circuit through
the medium of the devises u" I am enabled to provide for regulating the quantity
and varying the force of the current in the circuit u² from the force of the current
in the main circuit 9 9* or ' irrespective of the variations or fluctations in or
the force of the current in the latter and by such means provide for the reduction
of the force of the Current in the circuit u and the employment of incandescent,
are or other kinds of electric lamps heaters motors or other electrical translating
devises of low resistance in such circuit Instead of employing mercury in con-
nection with this device I may employ a moveable piece or part constituting a
portion of the circuit which piece or part is adapted to operate in a similar
manner but to slide over or in contract with the surface of the part 30 (which may
have a tapered or wedge shaped form with flattened sides) Or I may employ the
tapered piece or conical or pointed piece 30 to be operated and to slide or nove
over the continuation of the circuit or into or from mercury in accordance with
the variation of resistance in the working circuit u and the force of the current
from the supply circuit. I sometimes employ an insulating liquid between the
variable contact surfaces to obviate or lessen firing. At 36 I have shewn in a
derived circuit from the circuit u³ for
the current by the
employment of power for the decomposition and recomposition of suitable solutions.
The decomposing chamber 37 is adapted to be connected in a loop circuit from the
derived current u* or u and the recomposing chambers or elements at 38 con-
nected in the working or translating circuit u In the tubes or connections

page_text: between the decomposing and recomposing chambers I provide a devise similar to
an ordinary gas meter as more fully hereinafter described.
In the building or block 2* I have shewn the regulating devices u" similar to
those last described adapted to operate in the main derived circuit u³ for regulating
and varying the supply to a series of derived circuits in which are shewn
devises u" for regulating the supply and with or without varying the force of the
current a magazine u consisting of a battery which provides for the decomposition
of suitable solution the decomposing chambers 39 being connected with the derived
circuit u¹and the recomposing chambers or elements 39 with the working circuits u³.
The chambers 37, 38 aro connected by suitable pipes in which I have shown
employed a gas meter us to measure and record the current tension conservation
and utilization of the energy caused to flow through the circuit u¹ and the working
circuits u I have shewn an automatic cut off at
adapted to be
operated by the accumulation of gas electrically evolved in the chamber 87 and
interrupted thereby providing for a spring or weight operating the device in a
reverse direction to that in which such devise is operated by the passage of an
electric current and so that in the normal condition the circuit may be completed
to such electro magnetic device. I may sometimes employ the device u¹ in the
circuit u so as to vary the conductivety of the latter in accordance with the
variation of resistance or the consumption of energy in the circuits u² I have also
shewn regulating devises u" in the independent discharging derived circuits u³ u
¹³ represent meters for measuring the consumption of energy in these circuits.
The electro magnetic device for operating the device j. may be combined with
recording mechanism for regulating the total amount of energy passing through
the circuit u¹ the speed of this device may be rugulated in accordance with the
variations in the conductivety of the circuit u' through the medium of the
device u¹ which may be controlled and rendered operative by being connected in
the circuits u² from the magazine accumulating or regulating devices u and when
electro chemical or gas batteries are employed as at u to provide for the conservation
or storage of electric energy. I provide automatic cut offs adapted to operate in
the circuits u¹ when some predetermined amount of energy is stored and I provide
an automatic cut off to prevent the backward flow or the discharge of electric
energy from the device u into the main circuit provided the electric potential in
the supply circuit u' falls below the electric potential or discharging force from
the elements of the magazines or accumulating devices u u¹ represents a circuit
making and breaking device for controlling the flow of the current into the
circuit u'.
In the block or building 4* I have shewn a some what similar arrangement of
circuits with the device j for alternately or consecutively throwing the magazines u
into the charging and discharging circuits. This device is shown as consisting of n
rotating shaft or drum carrying suitable contact strips through which the circuits
are adapted to be completed and interrupted so as to provide such a result through
the medium of an electro magnetic device connected or combined with such
commutating device as herein fully described, The arrangement of the derived
circuits is similar to that described with reference to the block 3*
In the block or building 5* I have shewn in such independent derived circuits or
branches suited to the devices and use for which the working resistances are to be
einployed.
In the block or building 3* I have shewn magazines accumulators condensers or
induction coils u adapted to operate so as to make the translating or working
circuits intermittently consecutively or alternately independent of the supply
circuit u¹ I have shewn a device j. adapted to provide for alternately throwing the
devises u into the charging circuit u¹ and discharging circuit u³. This device is
adapted to be operated by an electro magnetic device to which the current is
intermittently completed.
In the block or building 6* I have shown three sets of devises u which may be
employed as electro-chemical batteries or as induction or condensing devises

page_text: adapted to be consecutively thrown into the charging and discharging circuits u' u³
as described with reference to other figures of the drawings. I have also shown
a device u adapted to operate as before described for measuring the current and by
the employment of an automatic cut off. I provide for cutting the devices u out
of the circuit u' when some predetermined storage or accumulation is reached when
such devices u consist of electro chemical batteries Or instead of using such
device u as a motor solely it may be employed in conjunction with the devices u
whether induction or condensing devices At 39 I have shewn a circuit u² con-
nected directly with the gas battery-The other circuits are shewn connected with
the devices u which may be so adapted as to provide for utilizing the current with
high or low tension from the gas battery or from the main circuit u¹ as may be
desired.
In the block or building 7* I have shewn induction devices u. one of which is
connected to the lamp circuit u in which alternating currents are employed,-In
another circuit u' I have shewn motors adapted to be open or I form an indepen-
dent device y which is shewn connected with a motor heater and magazine circuit
through the medium of the switching or commutating device ; which provides for
causing the current to flow in one direction through the working circuits connected
therewith. In order to provide for varying the conductivity of the circuit leading
to the device u I employ means in such circuits adapted to provide for varying
the conductivity of the same in accordance with the resistance in the working
circuit u³ by the employment of a device adapted to operate in a somewhat similar
manner to the devico u and to be operated by the current in a portion of the
current passing through the working circuit u².
In the block or building 8° I have shewn the derived circuits u³ connected
directly to the supply circuit u' without the medium of induction or accumulating
devices in such derived circuits. The resistances in such circuits are adapted to be
regulated by the resistance of the electric translating devices and the circuit con-
trolling device in connection with each translating device or a series or group of
such devices thrown into the same circuit In such case I may employ a circuit
controlling device similar in its working to the device described with reference to
u or I may employ a taper conical or pointed piece carried by the core of a
solenoid and supported in some defined position so as to provide some defined
conductivity of the circuit by a spring or the equivalent thereof and the core of
the solenoid may be adapted to be included in the circuit or a loop from the circuit
including the lamp or other translating device and thereby regulate and vary the
conductivity of the circuit to the lamp or other working resistance. In order to
provide for the current flowing through the circuits I have shewn dynamo or
magneto electric machines a which are shewn connected in the circuits with the
magazines & adapted to provide for the conservation of the energy produced by the
generators partly or entirely-The Generators i may be connected directly with
the electrical circuits 9, 9* and be adapted to operate on such circuit at the same
time as the devices. These devices & are adapted to operate in the circuits 9 9*
as described with reference to other Figures of the drawings. This magazine k is
formed of a series of elements adapted to be connected in the charging and the
discharging working or main circuits alternately or consecutively through the
medium of the switching or commutating device j so so that when one part is in the
charging circuit another part or series of parts is in the discharging circuit-I have
shewn the elements of the devices & provided with a series of terminals throughout
their length adapted to provide for varying the conductivity of the circuit-Each
set of three of these magazines is shewn as connected in one continuous length in
one circuit as indicated at 41 and provided with three independent sets of terminals
as at 40-These terminals 40 and 41 are shown leading to a series of independent
contacts so as to make the charging and discharging circuits independent and the
conductivity of the charging and discharging circuits are therefore varied in
accordance therewith. It will be understood that any number of these termin ils
s at 40 may be employed so as to reduce the resistance in a circuit as constituted.

page_text: In the drawing I have shewn the series of terminals 40 and adapted to be placed
in the circuit with the generators or developing source and the terminations or
connections 41 are shewn adapted to be connected with the clectrical circuit 9 9*
thereby providing for a greater resistance in the discharging circuit than in tho
charging circuit which provides for transmitting a current through the electrical &
circuit 9 9 with higher tension or greater rapidity than that from the developing
sourco a. I have shewn the switching device ; adapted to be operated by
an electro magnetic device which may have combined with it measuring and
recording devices or the said dovico j. may, be operated by time mechanism or from
tho shaft of the generator or engine or otherwise.
Figures 2, 3 and 4 ropresent an induction device u constructed in a somewhat
similar manner to the devices k the armatures being indicated by like figuros of
reference The electro-magnetic device is shewn provided with a reciprocating
armature combined with or carrying a series of plungers or blades 42 which are
represented as adapted to work in chambers in which the continuation of the con-
ductor (shown as mercury) is placed-Or these plungers may be adapted to operate
in or with an insulating liquid in the chambers between the metallic contacts-By
a suitable arrangement of the circuits as indicated I am enabled to provide for the
current flowing in the discharging or working circuit and from this device
continuously in one direction and by the employment of the terminals or connec-
tions 43 I am enabled to provide for varying the internal resistance or reducing
the resistonco in the device u. I have shown that two distinct terminals 40
part of the device u but it will be understood that any number of such
terminals may be employed-The terminals or connections 40 are shown extending
from the primary coil of the device u to the continuation of the circuit completed
or interrupted through the parts 42. I have shown a device u" as before described
adapted to operate in the charging circait to the devices u so as to provide for
varying the conductivity of the charging circuit whether it bo a dorived circuit as
at u¹ or the main circuit 9, 9* in accordance with the consumption or utilization
of energy in the discharging circuit from the device u.
43 represents a spring or weight adapted to maintain the reciprocating arm j in
or force it back to its normal position so as to provide for the device u always
being operative when required or when the working resistances in the discharging
or working circuits are brought into operation by the adjustment of the light heat
or speed controlling devices so as to permit the current to flow
In figure 5 I have shewn condensers or in other words accumulating devices u
adapted to operate as described with reference to Figures 2 and K.
Like letters and figures indicato corresponding parts.
These devices are described as applicable for regulating the force' of the current
from low force producers such as dynamo or magneto electric machines thermo
electric generators gas, batteries or magazines or other devices adapted to provide
for converting power or material for causing a current to flow through an electric
circuit.
In figure 6 I bave shewn a reciprocating arm or switching device ; adapted to
provide for alternately making and breaking the circuit so as to operate the
plungers or blades 42-this arm being operated in one direction by the attractive
force of a magnet and in the opposite direction by a spring 43 or weight-This
device is applicable for use in operating the switching device employed in com-
bination with electro chemical batteries or condensers or induction devices or any
combinations of them.
I have shewn in Figure 7 magazines & adapted to provide for the conservation o
the energy in combination with such device (Figure 6) and I have shown at 4
the devices u for regulating the speed or force of the current flowing in th
discharging circuit irrespective of the speed or force of the current from the sourc
or supply and I have shewn the device u adapted to operate in the charging
circuit to the devices u at 44 so as to provide for the conductivity of the circui
through the device u" being regulated or varied in accordanco with the variation

page_text: of resistance or the consumption of energy in the discharging or working circuit
or circuits connected with the devices u at 44.-At 45 I have shewn a circuit
controlling device for interrupting or controlling the flow of the current at will
through the circuit to the devices u at 44. In order to prevent the backward flow
of the current from the reservoirs u towards the source of supply. or from tho
uninsulated circuit or carth when such circuit is employed.
Figure 1 is an elevation partly in Section of an electrica machine to be
employed for the development of an electric current or for the translation of
an electric current into motivo power and
Figure 2 is a face view of the armature of the said machine
This machine has poles a of opposite denominations arranged on opposite sides of
a continuous conducting element b which is connected with the rings o from the
opposite sides of the armature, the latter supports the conductor and is adapted to
be revolved with the shaft d The said armature is shown as mounted upon a
hub e to which it may be secured by bolts and nuts e¹ or rivets which force the
clamp or clamps e firmly against the body of the armature or, support for the
conducting element b
Figures 3 and 4 present in face view partly in section and in transverse section
(drawn to an enlarged scale) portions of the armature.
It will be seen by reference to these Figures that the conductor b is arranged in
grooves or recesses with its greatest width towards the poles and by reference to
Figure 1 it will be seen that the conductor b constitutes a continuous circuit for
the reason that the sections or parts of the same on the opposite sides of the
support or magnetic ring b¹ are connected so as to provide for the current induced
in the conductor b flowing in opposite directions on each side of the said support or
magnetic ring be b-b³ represents insulating material which is placed between
the conductor b and the body of the support 6 when such support is composed of
metal.
In Figures 5° and 6° which are similar views to Figures 3 and 4 I have shown
the Conductor b so arranged that its edges are in closest. proximity to the polos
and its greatest width is on a line receding from the said poles
Under another modification which is illustrated in face view in Figure 7* I
provide a combination of these arrangements and widen the conductor 6 from the
axis towards the periphery as shown.
Figure 8 is a face view partly in section wherein I have shewn the magnets a*
constructed in a somewhat similar manner to the armature above described that is
to say with the conductor 6* extending into the recesses of the metal constituting
the magnet so as to increase the surface thereof brought under the influence of
the current passing through the circuit including the said magnet and reduce to a
minimum the resistence between the metal of the magnets and the conducting
metal b* by the distribution of the metal so as to utilize from one half to three
fourths of the entire surface of the conductors 6 or 6* in direct proximity to and
equidistant from the magnetic metal constituting the body of the magnet. The
conducting material constituting the conductors 6 6* may be formed within
moulds or be deposited by the process of electrolysis or by decomposition and
recomposition or by or combination of such means The conductor or conductors b*
of the magnets a* can be connected in series multiple series or parallel circuit.
I have shown in Figures 9 and 10° which are side and end views partly in
section and drawn to an enlarged scale the rings with which the conductor b is
connected. These rings are insulated from the axle as at c¹ and are adapted to fit
into chambers or boxes c* which are shown as containing a liquid conductor
Or I may employ in the said chambers or boxes an insulating liquid and make
close contact through a suitably formed piece held in contact with the ring c
through the medium of a spring or the equivalent thereof.
In Figure 1ª I have shown the axle d provided with enlargements at d'¸ which
it into the corresponding recesses in the journal boxes so as to retain a supply of

page_text: lubricant as described in the Specification of my former Letters ratent
dated March 10th A.D. 1882.
Figure 11 is a face view and Figure 12 a transverse section of an armature
wherein I have shewn the conductor b like a series of cut discs or rings. connected
at their alternate ends so as to form a continuous circuit or coil on one side of the
support or magnetic ring b¹. The end of the conductor b is shewn extending
towards to axle so as to be adapted to be connected to one of the rings c
At 6° the conductor b is shown as leading to the opposite sides of the support or
magnetic ring b and I arrange the conductor on the opposite faces of the said
magnetic ring in a similar manner and connect the same so that the current will
flow in the same direction towards the external circuit at all times as long as the
armature is driven in one direction I have shewn the conductor b in Figure 12" and
in Figures 13 (which is a section of a portion of the armature shown in Figure 11
drawn to an enlarged scale) upon the support 6' and having its greatest width
adapted to operate in close proximity to the poles a I have shown insulating
material at 6 Figure 13º.
In Figure 14° 15° and 16 which are similar. views to Figures 11* 12 and 13ª I
have shown an armature similar in construction to that shewn in the last named
Figures excepting that the conductor b has its edge presented to and adapted to
operate in close proximity to the pole or poles a.
In Figure 17 is a vertical section of an electrical machine and Figure 18" a face
view of the armature of the same. In this machine the conductor b is adapted to
be operated between poles of opposite denomination upon opposite sides of the
body or support b' or faces of the element b. This conductor b'is shewn connected
It will be seen
in the external circuit (including the field magnets a*) in series.
that the current flows in opposite directions upon each side of the armature and in
opposite directions through the conductors b* upon each side of the armature and
in the opposite directions to the current flowing through the portion of the
conductor b arranged in proximity to the poles of opposite denomination which
are adapted to operate as permanent magnets or as electro magnets having
conductors b¹ arranged to provide for the current flowing through in reverse
directions upon each side of the armature and reversely to the current flowing
through the conductor b upon the armature the direction of the current being
indicated upon the drawing by the arrows, the armature employed is similar in
construction to that described with reference to Figures 1* to 7 and 11° to 16* or
as shewn in Figures 18° 20° 22° and 23ª or similarly operative armature Instead
of employing poles of opposite denomination on cach side of the armature I may
arrange or connect the conductors 6* in such a manner as to establish poles of the
same denomination on each face of the armature but in such a case I so arrange
the Conducton b as to be connected with the conductors b* in such a manner that
they may be included in a continuous circuit in series or otherwise when so desired
so that the current will pass in the same direction through both parts of the
Conductor badjacent to the poles. This can be accomplished by connecting one
end of the conductor extending from one ring c and terminating towards the
periphery to the other end of the conductor on the opposite side and extending
towards the axis and then leading the end of the last named portion of the
conductor terminating towards the periphery towards the axis and connecting it
to the other ring c or independent circuits may extend to the external circuit
through grouping commulating or current regulating devices.
Figure 19 is an elevation partly in section of another construction of machine
This machine
and Figure 20 represents a face view of the armature of the same
is adapted to be employed with poles a of like or unlike denomination or opposite
sides of the armature & The elements b b* in these Figures are shewn adapted to
be connected and form part of the external circuit so as to establish poles of the
opposite denomination on each side of the armature there being two complete
circuits b practicable through which the current is indicated as flowing in opposite
directions all of which are shown thrown into the same circuit with the conductors 6*.

page_text: of the magnets a through the medium of the connections or rings c so that the.
current always flows in one direction into the external circuit or from the external
circuit but it will be understood that they may be arranged in multiple are multiple
series or independent circuits or the magnets a* may be permanent and I may
employ a series of circuits from the armature through the medium of a series of
rings and with or without including the magnets a* in the circuit in series or
otherwise
Figure 21 is an elevation of another electrical machine and .
Figure 22 is a face view of its armature.
Figure 23 represents a central section the armatures of the said machine
In this machine I have shewn a series of armatures supporting the conductor
element 6 as illustrated in Figures 22 and 23 and other figures of the drawings
The poles a are shewn so arranged that poles of opposite polarity are prosented to
the opposite faces of the elemonts b The elements b and b are shewn connected
in the same circuit in series These connections will be understood from the
previous description.
Figure 24 is a longitudinal section and
Figure 25 a transverse section of another. machine
In this machine the poles a are of opposite denomination and are so arranged as
to operate upon the periphery or if desired both the periphery and the edges or
sides of the armatures.
The connections of this machine are illusted and the direction of the current is
indicated by arrows, reference letters corresponding to those or other figures of the
drawings indicate similar parts to those described with reference to other machines
in which the current is designated to flow always in one direction through the
elements I have shewn the poles a established at opposite sides of the periphery
of the armature..
Figure 26 is an elevation of another machine and
Figure 27 is a face view of the armature of the same
In these Figures I have shown a machine with poles of opposite denomination
arranged and adapted to operate in conjunction with the conductor b This Con-
ductor is shewn in Figures 27 in the form of a cut disc the ends of which are
shewn connected and continuing at b* so as to form a continuous conductor or
circuit through the medium of a similar portion on the opposite side of the support
or armature 6' the connection may be such as to provide for the current flowing in
opposite directions upon the opposite side of the support b¹ (magnetic or otherwise)
and in the same direction at all times during an entiro revolution of the armatures
or the connection at b** may be so made as to provide for the current flowing in
the same direction on both sides of the armature or support when only one pole or
poles of the same denomination are employed on opposite sides The conductors b
in the machine are shown as extending to a series of rings at c upon the axle or
shaft d and the conductors b are shewn extending to a switching commutating or
connecting device -The Conductors b* of the magnets a* are also shewn extending
to the said device f which may be adapted to be operated by hand or automatically
or both so as to provide for varying the internal resistence of the machine or to
vary the force of the current employed in accordance with the work to be done or
the resistance in the circuit or the force of the current designed to be employed
as found necessary to meet the requirements The direction of the currents through
the various conductors is as indicated by arrows and through the medium of the
device the conductors b may be thrown into series with or without the conductors b
being in the same circuit in series or otherwise.
It will be understood that as the circuits are outside of the machine they can be
nanipulated through such device which may operate as a grouping box or be
employed in conjunction therewith so as to regulate or vary the force of the
current or the resistance in the circuits as may be desired. This device ƒ may be.
ombined with a speed regulator or governor of an electric motor or otherwise so

page_text: as to vary the conductivity of the circuit in accordance with the variations in
speed
Figure 28 and 29" are face views of armatures P wherein have shown the
conductors 6 mounted upon sections secured to the support or body b of the
arinature. In both cases the conductors b are connected with conductors on 5
the opposite sides so as to form a continuous conductor in sections. I have shown
the connections in Figure 28 extending to a series of rings c upon the axle d ånd
through the medium of a grouping box or device or a series or combination of
them the force of the current can be converted or regulated as described
automatically or otherwise.
1
Figure 30 is a sectional view of a mould or casing g adapted to provide for
forming the body or support b of an armature (similar to. those above described)
under pressure and Figure 31 is an interior view of a portion of the said mould.
Figure 32 shows the support b' enclosed in the casing or mould g This part b¹
may be of magnetic material coated with an earthy or other suitable insulating 1
material which will withstand the head of the molten metal or I may employ a
form or support b' which can be removed after the formation of the conductor b.
At h I have shewn a chamber which is adapted to receive the molten metal and is
in communication with the interior of the mould or casing g and through the
medium of the plunger or piston h' or by other suitable means hydraulically
manually or mechanically operative. I provide for forcing the metal into all
interstices and filling the spaces unoccopied within the mould i represents an
enclosing case or chamber adapted to provide for the heating of the mould or
casing g by the employment of any suitable heating medium.
Figure 33 is a vertical section and Figure 34 a transverse section of a machine
in which the current is caused to flow in reverse directions through the conductor b
on each opposite face of the armature and in reverse directions thereto around
the magnets a and around the extensions or part thereof adapted to be in close
proximity to the respective parts or face of the armature and conducting elements b
The method of constructing or mounting the elements b and b* are herein more
fully described
The elements b b are shown connected in series with the external circuit but it
will be understood that any preferred combination of these conductors may be
made with or without the employment of commutating or converting devices or a
grouping box in the external circuit.
In Figures 35 and 36° 1 have shewn in elevation and perspective an armature
adapted to be employed in machines as herein described with the conductors b
connected with the external circuits through the medium of rings c upon the axle
the conducting elements being adapted to operate in close proximity to the
inductive poles of the magnet or magnets of opposite polarity as indicated at
N and S
The current (wben electro magnets are employed) is adapted to flow through
the conductors of the magnets in a reverse direction opposite each face of the
conductor band by arranging the poles upon portions of the periphery I am
enabled to utilize the reverse action continuously upon the armature when
employed as a motor. A similar arrangement can be employed with the armature
in which the conductor or conductors b is or are adapted to operate in conjunction
with poles of opposite denomination upon opposite sides of the armature faces or
parts of the element b arranged to be under the influence of the said poles at the
end faces of the armature with or without the poles operating upon the periphery
upon the opposite sides
In Figures 37 and 38* I have shown in transverse and longitudinal section a
support or armature provided with recesses adapted to receive the conductor b so
as to form a continuous circuit.
Figure 39 represents in section a mould wherein the form or support 6' for the
conductor b may be moulded and figure 40 represents in section and enclosing
case or chamber wherein the form or support 61 is placed so as to provide for the

page_text: completion of the conductor 6 by electro deposition or by moulding in a similar
manner to that described with reference to Figures 30° to 3 of the drawings
Figure 41 is an elevation of a machine wherein a series of armatures carrying
the conducting element bare adapted to operate in close proximity to the
induction pole or poles a of like or unlike denomination on opposite sides or faces
of the said armatures or the elements b on different portions of its length so as
to prevent as more extended length and surface of the elements of the machino in
close proximity to and under the inductive influence of the poles a than hitherto
practicable
I prefer to construct or form the conducting elements bb with their edgos or
faces so arranged as to be adapted to operate in close proximity to the inductive
poles a. The elements 6" with the conducting elements 6 may have their greatest
width or body of metal receding from the pole a or the greatest width of material
of the conductor b may be exposed to the inductive action of the pole or poles
and be adapted to operate in close proximity thereto and as I am by such con-
struction enabled to expose a maximum surface of tlie elements of the armature
and magnets adapted to operate in close proximity with each other I am enabled to
reduce in the same proportion the distance and resistance between the elements b¹b
and a with or without the conductors 6* being exposed on the face of the pole a
and provide for efficient and economical induction or translation of electric
currents.
Figure 42ª is an elevation of a machine wherein the conductive element b is
shown secured to the body or support b' by rings.
Figure 43 is a face view of the armature of the said machine and
Figures 44 and 45 represent such an arrangement of the Stations of the
conductive elements b that they lap each other when secured upon the body or
support of the armature as shown in Figure
In these Figures the conductor is shown as extending radially or practically so.
Figure 46 shows the Sections of the conductive element arranged concentrically
or practically so and lapping each other and
Figure 47" is a central transverse section of an armature provided with such
Sections.
Figure 48 shows a similar arrangement of the conductive element b wherein
the sections do not lap each other.
Figure 49 is an elevation partly in longitudinal section of a machine having a
series of armatures and poles-In this machine the conducting elements b and b*
are shown arranged in close proximity to each other.
Figures 50 and 51° represent face views of armatures which may be used in
such a machine and whose construction will be readily understood from the
description of similar armatures hereinafter given.
Figure 52 is an end elevation of a machine wherein armatures such as are herein
described may be employed.
I have shown the conducting elements 6 formed by deposition upon the end
surfaces of the armature like a continuous coil or a series of rings connected in a
continuous circuit as herein described and adapted to operate between poles of the
same or opposite denominations so as to provise for the current flowing in the
same direction to or from the external circuit.
In the arrangements illustrated in Figures 42 to 48" (for instance) each strip or
length of the conductors b may be connected to or form a continuation of a similar
strip or part or section of the conductor b, on the opposite side of the support plate
or magnetic ring b* these rings or supports 6* which may be formed either of
magnetic or nonmagnetic material are constructed by the smallest amount of
material in transverse section consistent with the strength required for maintaining
the conductor b in its proper relative position and equidistant from the inductive
poles of the magnets a* arranged upon the opposite sides of the said armature
and the continuous section of the conductor 6 or an independent conductor in the

page_text: same circuit in series or in parallel circuit or multiple series circuit in which the
circuit is adapted to flow or be induced without the reversal of the current one or
more times during each revolution or in other words without necessitating the
employment of commutating devices upon the axle.
I construct or form the conducting elements or parts b in which the currents are
induced of a minimum or uniform section of conducting material in thickness with
an extended width or of such width as to provide for conveying the current
induced under the inductive action of the poles of the magnets a* into the external
circuit or into accumulating storing or converting devices adapted to operate in
conjunction therewith-These conducting surfaces b are arranged and adapted to
operating as to provide the most extended surface possible under the inductive
action of the poles a* with a minimum amount of conducting material in section
as before stated-The edges of the conducting material b may be presented to the
inductive pole or poles a of the magnetic fields or the surface of the conducting
material b in width principally or entirely may be adapted to operate in close
proximity to or under the inductive action of the pole or poles in the magnetic
fields Or I may provide a series of superposed layers or a continuous coil b or a
series of rings of different diameters arranged at the ends of the armature or
upon the periphery or a series of them between the periphery and the
built up or formed by deposition moulding stamping or otherwise and of magnetic
or non-magnetic material or both magnetic and non-magnetic material the magnetic
and nonmagnetic material being insulated from each other or otherwise.
In some cases I simply increase the diameter of the armature or rotating part b'
as 1 wish to provide for varying the power of the machines either as a generator
or motor and 1 form the conducting material a upon such part with a minimum
section of conducting material in thickness and width a proportionate variation in
width of conducting materials
from the standard motor or generator by
such means the width of the conductor will be increased in proportion to the length
of the conducting element and the conductivity or internal resistance in the
machine or the internal resistance or conductivity of the material employed for
magnetizing a magnet or a series of them in accordance therewith and the con-
ducting material or elements of the machine vary in some proportion and along
the same relative position with a maximum surface and a minimum or working
resistance between the elements b and b and a* and between the
element b' supporting the conductor b and the pole or poles of the magnets a*
with or without the conductors b* being coiled around or upon the poles or rings
or faces of the magnets a adjacent to the conductor b' the pole or poles are
also increased in size or built of or formed with a series of bars of magnetic material
or a series of magnets adapted to operate as one magnet or as a series and arranged
at the sides or ends of the armature which preferably has the form of a thin disc
or fly wheel or I may employ a series of the same without
the face of the poles through the magnet or ring plate or cut disc or ring
or series of them combined so as to form a coil which may be connected with the
external circuit by terminals extending from the ends thereof to rings or collectors
or commutator mounted on the shaft d of such armature b' and the conducting
material may be deposited in a thin layer electrically or chemically by poison by
moulding or otherwise upon such magnetic ring or coil and in accordance with the
width of the conducting material in Section I regulate the carrying capacity of
the conductor or element b or be or the internal resistance of the machine and I
provide an extended surface with a minimum amount of conducting material 6 in
sectional thickness and I provide for having an extended surface adapted to operate
in conjunction with or under the influence of the inductive pole or poles of the
magnets a. The shape of the conducting material may be that of the surface of
a series of bars or parts united together alternately or otherwise so as to form a
continuous conductor as illustrated in various figures of the drawings or in section
or a continuous conductor or section as illustrated in Figures 28 and 29ª and

page_text: .Figures 42 to 48 with the ends thereof extending to the rings or commutators
upon the axle when such conducting material should be mounted upon the moving
part or such conducting material adapted to form part of the external circuit may
be formed upon the stationary rings magnets or elements a* and be arranged to
operate in conjunction with a movable or rotating magnet or magnets b¹ so that
the current will be induced in the inducting and conducting portion of the
stationary element or elements 6* connected with or adapted to form part of the
external circuit..
By the above construction of machines I obviate the necessity for the reversal of
the current through the elements adapted to form part of the external circuit as
set forth in the Specifications of former inventions herein before referred to I
construct a motor in a similar manner its clements being constructed or formed
with a minimum amount of conducting material in section or thickness and with
an extended width of conducting material in section and adapted to have a series
of strips or parts b with a minimum section and width the edges in close proximity
to the inductive pole or poles a or with the width or coil of such element or
elements b in close proximity to the inductive pole or poles or upon the ends or
periphery or inductive parts of the magnetic poles or elements a* of the machine as
illustrated in various Figures of the Drawings herein before described.
These conducting elements may have the form of a continuous coil on the ends
of the armature as illustrated in several figures of the Drawings or be in continuous
coil or fold of conducting material as a single conductor adapted to operate in
conjunction with a pole or poles of the same denomination upon one or both sides
or ends of the armaturo b' or with poles or a series of poles of opposite denomina-
tion arranged at the ends of the armature and opposite each other so that the lines
of force will be directly across the conducting material in a straight line or at angle
so as to form but one or a series of intense magnetic fields the conducting element
being connected with the external circuit at its ends extending to the circuit maker
rings as illustrated in Figure in the drawings or to a commutator upon the
axle or one conductor may be formed on each side of the form or magnetic ring b¹
or a series of them so that the current at one side will be in a reverse direction
through the conducting element b to that on the other side each conducting
element or portion having its ends or distinct terminals extending to the rings c or
commutators upon the side and the current may be utilized independently or be
combined through a grouping box or the external circuit as described with reference
to Figure
In order to provide for the construction of magnets, electro magnets solenoids
on the elements of electrical machines and to provide for an extended conducting
and inductive surface with a minimum amount of conducting material in thickness
for a greater surface of the inductors armatures or parts (as illustrated for
instances in Figures 1ª and 8) adapted to operate in conjunction with each other
as an electro magnet or a solenoid or adapted to form the elements of an electrical
machine for the generation of electric currents or the translation of electric
currents into motive power. I sometimes build up or form a magnet by employing
a very thin sheet or layer or a series of sheets or layers of magnetic material
which I sometimes coat or cover with insulating material (as at 6 for instance and
apply upon such insulation a material which has an affinity for inctal and I place
such pieces or parts in an electro plating or chemical bath which will provide for
the deposition of the conducting material b in a thin layer over the parts so
treated. The parts so treated inay be subsequently so placed or packed together
with or without insulation between them or with or without alternate bars or
strips conductors or sections being connected at their alternate ends or parts so as
o form a continuous circuit in series parallel or multiple series and be applicable
for use as a magnet or a solenoid either in a generating machine or electric motor
or for other purposes or I may employ a sheet of magnetic material coated or
overed with insulation and with conducting material with or without subsequent
nsulation and coil or fold such sheet upon itself with the terminals extending

page_text: from the two ends of a sheet. Or the conducting material may be poured into or
forced into moulds with or without pressure so as to provide for such material
permeating all the interstices between the bars or plates or folds or arms of
magnetic material which in some cases are coated with pyro insulating material.
Or I may build up or form a series of discs projections or arms of magnetic and 5
conducting material so as to form a central aperature adapted to receive and act
upon a core or armature.
I sometimes form a solenoid or magnet having a central opening or portion in
the form of a cross or with recesses adapted to receive the wings or projections
attached to or forming part of the core of such device and instead of making the 1
body of the solenoid circular I may provide for it having a similar form on its
inner and outer part and I deposit the conducting material in a thin layer with an
extended width around the body or form part of the solenoid or secure the
conducting material in the desired position within recesses or upon projections or
upon the body of the armature by pouring or forcing the conducting material into 1
a mould with or without pressure as illustrated by the drawings.
In the construction of these magnets solenoids motors or generating machines I
work to a given standard of conducting material in thickness and with an
extended width in accordance with the standard motor solenoid magnet or
generating machine and I vary the width and length or the length alone of the
conducting material employed in the construction of such devices or I vary the
inductive surface surfaces or parts adapted to operate in conjunction with each
other for the development of an electric current or for the translation of an electric
current into motive power or as I wish to provide for varying from a certain
standard or power of the machine or device or as I wish to provide for varying the
consumption of electric energy through the medium of such devices or as I wish
to provide for the distribution subdivision and utilization of electric currents in
an electrical system.
Figure 53 is a longitudinal section and
Figure 54 an end view of a solenoid wherein I obtain a maximum surface with
a minimum amount of material.
In these Figures the body of the solenoid or support a* for the conductor b® is
so formed as to be adapted to fit over the arm core or block 6'. The conductor b*
is shown in the recesses of the body a* of the solenoid or magnet.
In figure 55 and 56ª have shown in perspective a solenoid provided with a
series of blades or arms b' adapted to fit into the magnet or coil b thereby
increasing the surface and power of the devices in exact proportion as the
amount of the metal is increased for the construction of the devices or machines of
increased power.
Figure 57 is an elevation partly in longitudinal section and
Figure 58 an end view of another construction of solenoid and armature in
which the armature b' is formed with wings adapted to fit into or between the
correspondingly shaped parts of the magnets which are adapted to fit over the said
armature and thereby increase the force of the magnet adapted to operate in
conjunction therewith.
Figure 59 is an end view of a solenoid and armature provided with a greater
number of arms or wings than that shown in Figures 57 and 58ª.
Figure 60 is an elevation partly in longitudinal section and
Figure 61 an end view of a solenoid and armature having a series of wings or
blades b' adapted to fit into and between the recesses wings or blades of the
magnets a with which the parts b' are adapted to operate
In Figure 62 I have shown an exterior view partly in section wherein the
conductors bare formed upon the body a* of the magnet upon both sides or
upon the inner or outside.
These conductors may constitute a continuous coil connected at alternate ends
so as to be in series or in multiple series with the current flowing in the same
'direction on the inner and outer side of the body a®

page_text: I have shown the greatest width of the conductor in the same plane as the axle
line of the magnet.
I preferably form the conductors b* by deposition or by moulding under
pressure or by the employment of moulded or stamped sections adapted to provide
for the main body of the metal constituting the conductor being equidistant from
and parallel or nearly parallel to the edges or greatest width of the continuation
of the conductor forming the continuations of the coils so that a surface of the
conducting material equal to or in excess of its width on one or more sides or
edges will be in close proximity to about an equal surface of the metal to be
magnetized which metal is separated therefrom by the insulating material only
Figure 63 is an exterior view partly in section and Figure 64 an end view of
a magnet formed by moulding or electro deposition in which the conductor b* is
shown as partly covering the poles of the magnet and formed or supported within
recesses. The said Conductor 6* may extend through the body of the magnet a
for connection as may be desired and both ends or poles may be formed in a similar
manner.
•
If desired magnets similar to that shewn in these Figures may be utilized in a
machine such as is illustrated in Figure 1ª or other Figures of the drawings so
that the polar extensions thus formed will be adapted to operate in close proximity
to the sides of the armature carrying the conductor or conductors b or such
magnets may be employed or the rotating clement of the machine and connected
with the ring c Elements of this construction are shown in the machine illustrated
in Figures 38 34* and Figure 49ª.
Figure 65 is an elevation partly in section of a magnet of similar construction
to that last described with the conductor 6* supported in recesses; the sides and
surfaces of such conducting material are adapted to be separated from the magnetic
body or support a* by insulating material and be parallel or nearly parallel with
the sides or surfaces by which the recesses are defined.
The conductors b* may be deposited electrically or otherwise upon the inetallic
carbonaceous or other suitable material having affinity for metal which material is
applied to the parts of the insulation whereon the conductor bor b is to be
formed any of the forms of armaturo illustrated superposed, layers, coils, circuits or
parts thereof may be formed in a similar manner or both the magnetic portion of
the element and the conducting portions may be thus formed so as to constituto
the magnets and armature suitable insulating material and material having affinity
for metal being applied between each process of formation and I can employ a
magnetic or non-magnetic base.
I have shown in Figures 1* 2° 11° 14° 15° 26° 27° 28 and 29ª of the drawings
means for securing the rings or sections of the arinatures plates or supports b' to
the hub e 1 have shown these hubs e provided with recessess (projections however
may be employed instead of recesses) adapted to fit and secure the armature or
sections thereof firmly in the position so as to provent the displacement or
movement of the latter around the hub or support on the axis and to prevent the
displacement. I employ a projecting part formed upon or with the hube or as a
separate piece which is adapted to provide for securing the armature b¹ or sections
thereof in position through the medium of the bolts and nuts e² or screw bolts or
rivets with or without the employment of a clamping ring or section.
I sometimes employ a ring or rings at or near the periphery of the armature (seo
Figures 43 and 47 for instance) which ring or rings is or are also adapted to
strengthen the armature or support or the sections thereof so as to provide for
placing the poles in close proximity to the centre line of the body a support 61 of
the armature. I may employ a series of magnetic rings or plates one on each face
of the armature b₁ and bolted or clamped together at the line and through the
body of the armature and at the periphery.
In Figures 1b and 1° I have shown the generator a adapted to be operated by a
turbine or water wheel M.
I have also shewn the water supply or inlet to the turbine controlled by an

page_text: electro magnetic device M¹ included or adapted to be included in an electric circuit
from the magazines k, when such magazines are fully charged or this device may be
adapted to operate in a reverse manner so as to interrupt the circuit or cut off the
supply of water to the turbine as soo as the said magazine at k becomes fully
charged. Or instead of employing the electro magnetic device a float or device may
be combined with such valve to close the water channel when the magazine is fully
charged or the supply of water may be varied in accordance with the variation of
resistance in the electrical circuit from the generator or generators a.
I may employ for this purpose a valve having a series of apertures or openings
combined with an electric motor or other electric translating device which is
included in the discharging or return circuit or a branch thereof. The circuits
from the generators are not shown but are adapted to be connected with the
electric circuit so as to provide for the transmission and utilisation of electric
energy in or under any of the combinations or applications herein described or
illustrated in the drawings.
In Figure 1 and 1° I have shown a windmill at O adapted to provide for
utilising the force of the wind and for converting such power into electric energy
through the medium of a dynamo or magneto electric machine a adapted to operate
in connection with the electrical circuit as herein described or illustrated in or
under any of the applications or combinations for transmitting and utilizing electric
power.
5 I have also shown devices a P for automatically stopping and regulating the
speed of the wind engine and for throwing such engine into the wind or for varying
the position of the blades, or working resistances of the engine depended upon the
speed or velocity of the said engine.
These devices are shown as a weighted tail piece or vans P¹ and a governing
device P³. I have also shown a governing device P which may be automatically
operative so as to operate on the vane P¹ to provide for stopping the wind engine
when the magazines & become charged. The device for utilizing this natural force
may be adapted to operat in conjunction with electro-chemical or gas batteries u.
I may employ devices operated by the pressure of gas or gases or by the height
of a column of liquid for cutting off the water supply or for varying the position of
the blades or working resistances of the wind engine dependent upon or in
accordance with the conservation or accumulation of power or the resistance of the
magazines or working circuits of the system
Having thus fully described the said Invention and the manner of performing
the same I wish it understood that I claim
First: The mode or method herein described of distributing power in the form
of electric energy by the employment of an uninsulated conductor or earth and of
one or more insulated conductors provided with branches or feeders placed in or
adapted to be placed in electrical communication with earth and of one or more
devices as generators producers developers or current inducers connected with or
adapted to be connected with one or more of such circuits in such a manner as to
cause the current to flow from earth through one or more insulated branches or
feeders which are adapted to operate as return circuits or feeders to the system
having working resistances adapted to operate for the development of light, heat
or motive power or for traction or other purposes, or any combination of same with
or without devices or means being employed at the developing or inducting station
to provide a reserve of electric energy through the medium of electro-chemical or
gas batteries or otherwise and with or without the employment of one or more
electric reservoirs or magazines adapted to operate as working resistances in one or
more of the derived or feeding circuits so as to provide for holding a reserve of
energy for use or otherwise through the independent discharging or working
circuits in which working resistances are adapted to operate permanently or at
intervals as for the purposes of traction or the like or for any or all of the purposes

page_text: Second-The method herein described of furnishing power to one or more
points places or distant stations by the employment of one or more electric
magazines at one or more of such points places or stations connected in an electrical
circuit of supply in such a manner as to provide for such magazines or magazines
6 operating as a working resistance or resistances in an electrical circuit or a derived
circuit in which the current is conducted or induced to flow from the uninsulated
circuit or earth by the employment of one or more producers developers or current
inducers or electric magazines or devices holding a reserve of electric energy
connected or combined directly or indirectly with the insulated return circuit with
or without commutating or switching devices adapted to operate between the earth
and the insulated portion of the circuit or feeders in such a manner as to provide
for automatically or otherwise alternatively intermittently or consecutively placing
one part or series of the magazines in the circuit from earth so that the current
will be caused to flow from the uninsulated circuit, or earth through the elements
of the working resistance or resistances adapted to provide for the conservation of
energy at the distant point place or station through the medium of the subsidiary
magazine adapted to operate as an electrical gas magazine or otherwise or as single
or compound electro-chemical magazines and placing one part or series of the
magazine in the discharging circuit in which working resistances such as lamps
motors heaters or other devices are adapted to operate for the translation of
electric energy into light heat motive power or for traction or other purposes.
Third: An apparatus or system of electrical distribution in which the following
elements are combined or adapted to be combined and rendered operative or be
supplied by the currents caused to flow from an uninsulated circuit or carth
namely one or more insulated return conductors any number of derived circuits or
feeders therefrom one or more producers generators developers or current inducers
with or without devices or means at the prime developing or inducting station
or stations for holding a reserve of power in the form of electric energy so
as to provide for the employment of such reserve to be the agent employed
partly mainly or entirely or intermittently for causing the current to flow or be
induced into the insulated portion of the circuit or circuits from the uninsulated
portion of the circuit or earth with or without devices or means for varying the
conductivity of the supply circuit to such condensing or induction device or
devices or a combination of them in accordance with the variation of resistance or
the consumption of energy in the working or translating device or devices adapted
to operate in the circuit or circuits supplied therefrom with or without independent
circuit controlling devices or automatic operative regulating devices for regulating
the supply of the current to each translating device or for interrupting at will the
current adapted to flow as through a parallel or parallel series circuit or upon a
loop to cach device with or without the employment of a speed governor adapted
to represent the speed of a motor in a derived circuit or the work being done by
the same having combined therewith a regulator having conical pointed tapered or
any other or equivalent form or a portion of the circuit so formed or adapted to
operate as to be the equivalent thereof or other well known forms of resistance or
regulating device adapted to operate upon the circuit of supply in such a manner
s to vary the conductivity of the circuit in accordance with the variations in the
peed of the motor with or without devices or means adapted to operate in or upon
he circuit of supply or the derived circuit in such a manner as to provide for the
ariation of resistance in accordance with the temperature in a compartment, room
hamber or space or liquid with or without one or more meter devices adapted to
perate in one or more of the circuits or derived circuits for measuring and
ecording the current passing or consumed in such circuit or circuits and the
mployment of one or more automatic cut offs. adapted to operate in the circuit
rom earth to a working resistance in such a manner as to prevent the backward
ow of the current to the source from which it has been transmitted or induced to
OW.

page_text: Fourth-The mode or method of distributing power for lighting heating motive
power traction or other purposes upon an engine vehicle or train by the employ-
ment of an insulated section conductor or scries of sections or conductors branches
or feeders connected with or forming part of and an electric circuit of supply
connected or the developing generating devices employed to cause the current to 5
flow combined in or with the distributing circuits in such manner as to provide
the current flowing from the uninsulated portion of the circuit in which the
working resistance or resistances are forming part of the electrical equipment of
the engines vehicles or trains are adapted to operate when they occupy a position
or section of the circuit by which the current can be short circuited through thẻ 1
insulated portion of the circuit upon the engine vehicle or train or a series of
vehicles so as to complete an electric current with the developer or producer or
from the reservoirs or magazines from the generating station or from the elements
of condensing or inducing devices with or without the employment of regulating
devices for varying the conductivity of the supply circuit thereto or from the
subsidiary magazines or reservoirs at fixed and distant points or stations with or
without utilizing the earth as a portion of the electrical circuit with returns by
carth or the reverse or any combination of such circuits,
Fifth The mode or method of regulating or varying the force of the current in
derived or branch circuits by which I provide for reducing the force of the current
in a derived or working circuit below that of the main circuit without necessitating
the employment of secondary or subsidiary circuits from accumulating condensing
induction storing or accumulating devices or a combination of them adapted to
make the working portion of the circuits practically independent of the supply
portion for a given time.
Sixth-The mode or method of regulating or varying the force of the current
in an electric circuit by the employment of a regulating device adapted to operate
as described in or under the preceding claim combined with a circuit supply to one
or more induction or condensing or accumulating devices or any combination of
them in such a manner as to regulate and vary the conductivity of the supply
circuit to the induction or accumulating device in accordance with the variation of
resistance or the variation in consumption of energy in a lamp heater motor or
other translating or working circuit.
Seventh-The mode or method of regulating or varying the speed of an electric
engine of a train by the employment of one or more devices adapted to operate
automatically or otherwise or both in the supply circuit to one or more induction
condensing or accumulating devices with or without the employment of magazinos
therewith or any combination of them whose solenoid or elements are included
in a circuit in which one or more motors are adapted to operate as working
resistances
Ninth. The construction or use of an electric motor whose circuit of supply is
adapted to provide for having its conductivity varied through the medium of a
speed regulator or governor electro magnetically or otherwise operative from an
ineffective minimum to the maximum of conductivity through the medium of a
tapered conical or pointed piece or part or the equivalent thereof with or without
the employment of a conducting liquid substantially as described.
Tenth The construction or use of a current regulating device adapted to operate
in an electric circuit and have its position controlled by the variation of resistance
in the working circuits so as to provide for reducing the force of the current in
the continuation of a parallel circuit substantially as set forth. .
Eleventh. The employment in connection with an electric circuit of supply o
gas magazines or holders one of which is adapted to provide for the recomposition
of the gas or gases led into its elements and the other of which constitutos the
main holder, between which holders is employed a pressure regulator or cut of
which provides for varying the supply passing from the elements of the recomposing
holder in accordance with the work performed in the translating circuit
л

page_text: Iweuth The method of varying the supply of gas electrically or otherwise
evolved from a decomposing chamber of a gas magazine to the recomposing
chambers or elements by the employment of variable cut off or pressure devices
adapted to provide for the pressure in the recomposing chamber being less than
that in the recomposing chamber
JOS S WILLIAMS (L.S.)

page_text: FIG. 625