Improvements in Turning-lathes, Chiefly Designed for the Manu- facture of Wheel-spokes and similar Articles.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Dec., 1887
Specification Accepted, 20th Jan., 1888
[Communicated from abroad by WILLIAM HOOPES, of West Chester, Pennsylvania,
United States of America, Manufacturer.]
Improvements in Turning-lathes, Chiefly Designed for the Manu-
facture of Wheel-spokes and similar Articles.
I HENRY HARRIS LAKE of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co. Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to machines for turning irregular forms, and especially for
turning wagon and carriage spokes; and my object is to construct such machines so
that their action shall be more nearly automatic than has heretofore been the case,
and to generally improve their construction and mode of operation.
My invention consists in the devices, improvements, and combinations hereinafter
fully described, and which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, where they
are shown in connection with a well-known form of machinery for turning irregular
forms, and in which―
Figure 1, is a front elevation of my improved machine.
Figure 2 is an end elevation of the machine, taken at the left end of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an elevation of the other end of the machine.
Figure 4 is a cross section of my machine on the line x x of Figure 1, looking
towards the left.
Figure 5 is a section through one of my improved tracers on the line y y of
Figure 4.
Figure 6, a section of one of my guides on the line of Figure 4.
Figure 7, is a perspective view of the left-hand end of my machine, showing the
devices for controlling and stopping the forward motion of the carriage, causing
the frame to move back from the cutters, and arresting the model in the desired
position.

page_text: Figure 8 is a side view of the cam-wheel, by means of which the mechanism which
applies the device for stopping the model in a determined position is actuated.
Figure 9 is a view of the mechanism by which the carriage is caused to return to
the starting-point and of the brake and its actuating mechanism..
Figure 10, an enlarged view of a portion of the device shown in Figure 9.
Figure 11, a view of the levers shown in Figure 10, on the section-line v v of
said figure.
Figure 12, is an enlarged view of the shaft C of Figure 9, with its connected cranks.
Figure 13 is an enlarged view of the clutch and druni at the left of Figure 1,
whereby at the end of the movement of the carriage the frame is thrown back from
the cutters and the tension on the driving-belt released.
Figure 14, is a perspective view at the left of Figure 1, showing a portion of the
mechanism by which the motion of the carriage is made to change the speed of
rotation of the work to arrest its own motion and to insure the stoppage of the
model in correct position.
Figure 15, is an enlarged view of the sliding bar M of Figure 1, which bar is
secured in bearings in the frame of the machine and actuated by the movement of
the carriage.
Figure 16, is a side view of my eccentric device for moving the dead-centre
holding the work in and out.
Figure 17, shows the mechanism which throws the driving-belts of the work-
revolving gears in and out of operative connection in the position in which the
belt-tightening pulleys are both out of operation; and
Figure 18, shows the same devices in the position occupied just before the pulleys
are thrown to the non-operative position shown in Figure 17.
A is the frame of the machine. B B are uprights, secured at their lower ends to
a square shaft, C, and forming, with the square shafts D D, the frame for holding the
work and model, D' representing the model, and D the work. The devices by which
the model and work are secured in the frame are old and well known, with the single
exception of my improved double eccentric Et, with straps and links e, connected
with the spindle E¹ on each side, as shown, so that the downward movement of the
lever e will force the centre point of spindle E¹ into the work with directness and
precision. The spring e², connected with lever et, serves to press it downward and
keep the centre E in place. The mechanism secured upon the work-holding frame,
which serves to revolve the model and work, is of ordinary construction. The short
upright B is secured to the square shafts D D, and serves, together with the
neighboring upright B, to support the journals of the short shafts S, F, and E.
Upon the shafts
and E are secured gear-wheels F2 F2, these gears engaging with
a pinion, F¹, on the driving-shaft F, which shaft receives its motion from a pulley-
wheel, F. The working-holding frame B B C D D is movable, its motion being to
and from the cutters P and upon the journals of the square shaft C. The guides
and tracers are supported in the ordinary way upon an upright bar or stack," 0",
which is pivoted in a bearing surrounding and concentric with the shaft C and moving
along it as the carriage moves. A spring O, (see Figs. 3 and 4) is provided, which
causes the guides and tracers to press against the model and work and follow the
movements of the work-holding frame.
All of the above-described structure is of ordinary construction with the exception
of my use of the three square shafts CD D, forming the work-carrying frame.
These shafts, in combination with the uprights B B B', add greatly to the rigidity
and stiffness of the frame, and hence effect an improvement both in the durability of
the machine and the character of the work done by it.
O (see Figs. 1, 3, and 4) is the frame and carriage upon which the cutters Pare
supported. This frame is supported on tracks oo on the frame A of the machine.
(See Fig. 4.) It is also, at its lower end, provided with a sleeve, O¹, through which
the shaft C passes, (see Fig. 3.) and it derives its motion from a screw-shaft, K. In
all of the above particulars the carriage O does not differ materially from those in
The upper part of the carriage O, which supports the cutters, is a hollow frame,
usc.

page_text: as shown in Figure 1. The two side pieces of this frame are fitted to receive the
bearings p which sustain the shaft pl, upon which are secured the cutters P and the
driving-pulley P. I make each of these bearings p vertically and independently
adjustable by means of a set-screw, as shown in the drawings, or any well-known
equivalent device for such set-screw. By this means I am enabled to keep the
shaft p' in correct alignment with the driving-shaft G, from which, by means of the
pulley P³, (which is secured upon the square shaft G and attached to the carriage O.
so as to move with it along said shaft.) the pulley P¹ is driven by means of a belt.
This device of adjustable bearings for the shaft pl also enables me to adjust the
tightness of the driving-belt with great nicety, and has been found in practice to
be a great improvement over the old devices, in which the journals of the shaft p'
were not adjustable.
The general plan of the guiding and tracing mechanisms, which, as I have already
pointed out, follow the movements both of the cutter-carriage 0 and of the work-
holding frame, is of the usual type. I have, however, made an improvement in this
part of the mechanism which I have found improves the character of the work and
at the same time avoids the necessity of so often changing the guides and tracers,
as is requisite with the old constructions. This improvement is shown in Figures 4, 5,
and 6, and consists of providing wearing-shoes Q, provided with tenons conforming
with a line of their wearing-faces, these tenons being adapted to slide in slots in the
arms or levers to which the guides and tracers are secured, and to be clamped in said
slots at any desired point by adjustable clamps, as shown in the drawings. The
shoes are made considerably longer than has heretofore been the case with the
wearing-face of the guides and tracers, and as they become worn the clamp is
loosened and the shoe moved slightly in the curved or straight slot and then reclamped
therein, so as to present a new and unworn face to the model or work, as the
case may be.
The main driving-shaft of the machine is that indicated on the drawings (see
Figs. 2 and 3) by the letter G. This shaft receives its motion through pulleys H,
Fig. 1, and, as already pointed out, communicates motion to the cutters by means
of the pulley P³, which turns with the shaft G while it moves along with the
carriage O.
At one end of the shaft G pulleys G' G2 are secured, which, by intermediate
gearing, are so connected with the pulley K upon the shaft K as to actuate the
shaft in the direction which causes the carriage O to move forward. (See Figs. 1
and 2.) At the other end of the driving-shaft is secured a pulley, K, with belt
running to a pulley, K³, at the other end of the shaft K³, said belt, when tightened,
being adapted to reverse the motion of the shaft K³.
upon
The pulleys G G2 are of different diameters, and they connect, by means of
belts gg, with pulleys G4 G3, of different diameters, said pulleys being secured
a sleeve running on the end of the shaft C. The outer end of this sleeve is provided
with a pulley, preferably of the cone form shown, a belt, J', connecting this pulley
with a pulley, K, also preferably of the cone form shown, and this pulley K can be
made to engage or disengage the shaft K' by means of the clutch k. The other end
of the sleeve secured to the pulleys G G3 is provided with a pulley-wheel, J2, from
which a belt, J³, communicates motion and power to the driving-pulley F³, which, as
I have already explained, actuates the gearing which turns the model and work. It
is, as is well known, necessary to change the speed of the cutters and of the carriage
during the process of turning a spoke, the high speed which is suitable for the turning
of the rounded portion of the spoke not being suitable for the square end thereof. It
is for this reason that the two sets of pulleys G G G G³ are provided, one pair being
for high and the other for low speed. The large pulley G of the shaft G connects,
by means of the belt g, with a small pulley, G³, secured upon the shaft C, and the small
pulley G connects, by belt g¹, with the large pulley G4. Both these belts g g' run
loosely on the pulleys, and to bring them to a driving tightness it is necessary to
use a pressure pulley.
G and G (shown in Figs. 1, 2, 17, and 18) are tightener-pulleys provided for

page_text: .
this purpose, G being adapted to press upon the belt g, and G to press upon belt g¹.
Generally speaking, the arrangement which I have just described is old: but I
believe it to be new with me to place both pressure-pulleys on the slack side of
the respective belts upon which they are intended to operate, and to secure the same
upon a centrally-pivoted frame, G7, operated by means of a lever, G8, and connecting-
rod g, as shown. As is shown in the drawings referred to, the upward motion of
the lever G causes the pressure-pulley G to press upon the fast-running belt, while
the downward motion of the lever lifts the pulley G° out of contact with its belt and
causes the pulley G to press upon the slow, running belt, the medium position of
the lever relieving the pressure from both belts, so that no driving-power is applied
to the pulleys G³ G' from the shaft G.
The hereinbefore-described improvements can be used with advantage upon
machines which have not the other and more radical improvements in their mode
of operation, which I will now proceed to describe, although, as will be seen, they
are well and, indeed, peculiarly adapted for use in connection with these other
improvements.
It will be most convenient in describing my invention to consider the different
parts as they would come into action during the turning of a spoke, although, as the
apparatus is somewhat complicated, it may be necessary, for the sake of clearness, to
depart somewhat from this plan.
To begin, then, the frame B B C D D is thrown away from the cutters when it is
desired to insert a new blank, the frame moving forward or toward the spectator
looking at the machine, as in Fig. 1. The blank E2 is inserted and clamped between
the live spindle E and the dead-centre E by means of the cam E, as already
described. The carriage O being then at the extreme right of its throw, the operator
takes hold of the lever L', (see Figs. 1 and 3.) and by its means turns the shaft L,
to which it is attached. The crank-arm L, secured upon the shaft L, has attached
to it a link or connecting-rod, L³, curved, as shown in Fig. 4, at the end attached
to the crank L³, and at its other end provided with a slot, l, which engages with a
pin, , on one of the uprights B of the work-holding frame. The revolution of the
shaft. I, acting through this crank-arm L and link ³, throws the frame back against
the cutters P. The function of the slot in the link L³ is to permit the normal
oscillating or reciprocating movements of the frame holding the work without
interfering with the shaft L. At the end of the shaft L is secured another crank-
arm, L, which, before the shaft L is turned by the handle L', is in the position
shown in full lines in Fig. 17-to wit, with a pin or projection at its end, directly
under a projection, 1, of a rod, I. As the shaft L turns to throw the work-holding
frame back against the cutters, this rod I is raised by the end of the crank I to the
position shown in the dotted lines of Fig. 17 and in full lines in Figs. 2 and 7.
The rod I is pivoted at its lower end to the free end of the lever G, which, through
the connection g², actuates the pressure pulleys G5 G6, and, as shown in the drawings
referred to, the elevation of the rod I upon the end of crank-arm L raisos the
lever G8 and depresses the pressure-pulley G, bringing the pulley into operative
pressure upon the belt g, and thus setting the pulleys at the end of the shaft C into
rapid motion through the high-speed pulley G³. This motion is communicated
through the pulley J2 and belt J³ to the driving-pulley F³, which, by means of its
connected gearings, rotates the model and blank. The motion is also communicated
through the pulley J and belt J to the pulley K on the outer end of the shaft K¹.
Referring now to Figure 7, where it is most clearly shown, it will be seen that
a spring, 1', is secured upon the upper end of the rod I. The lower end of this
spring is arranged so as to be but slightly above the level of the table when the
rod I is in its highest position. On the outer edge of the table a slot, 12, is
provided, which permits the rod to move to and fro across the table and prevents
it from moving away from the table. As the rod I is elevated in this slot, the
spring is pressed against the rod until its end comes above the level of the slot,
when it springs out and against a lever, K', which is pivoted at k³ and connected at
its shorter end with the clutch k. (See Fig. 1.) A light spring, k², serves to keep

page_text: the clutch & disengaged before the spring 1', being more powerful and acting against
the spring k throws it into connection with the pulley K. The action of the
spring is such as to throw the lever K2 over until it engages with the catch k',
which retains the lever and clutch in position. The engagement of this clutch k,
which is secured by a feather upon the screw-shaft K¹, causes the said shaft to
revolve and the cutter carriage O to move forward, and the cutters P being always
in operation, the machine now is at full work and the process of cutting the spoke
going on.
Upon the front edge of the frame or table A, I secure a bar, M, in suitable
guides, which permit it to slide up and down the table. This bar is best shown in
Figs. 14 and 15. An adjustable shoulder, M³, in the present case, is adapted to
engage with a projecting finger from the carriage O, (see Fig. 4,) so that the
carriage in moving forward at a suitable time engages with the bar M and causes it
to move forward with it.
As the bar M moves forward, its end m comes in contact with one arm of a bell-
crank lever, M, (see Fig. 7.) and as the bar continues to advance it causes the
said lever to turn, and by means of its other arm, which presses against the outer
edge of the rod I, pushes the said rod backward until it is thrown off of its resting-
place on the end of the crank L. A suitable slot being provided to permit the
spring to clear the table in this position, the rod I falls of its own weight to the
position shown in Fig. 18, carrying the lever Go down with it, and through this
lever throwing the high speed pressure-pulley G³ out of connection and the low-speed
pressure-pulley G into connection, thus changing instantly both the speed of the
revolution of the model and blank and the speed with which the carriage O is
advancing. This of course takes place at the end of the oval part of the spoke and
when the machine is about to turn the square portion thereof. I would also note
at this point that the bell-crank lever M is provided with a spring, m*, which causes
it to return to a normal position when the rod M is not in contact with it.
Upon the bar M is secured a spring-bolt, M m³, and in connection with it a
wedge, M². As the bar M continues to advance, the end of the spring-bolt M' comes
in contact with the lever K, and its spring is compressed as the bar advances and
until the wedge M², sliding underneath the lever K, lifts it out of its detent
projection, when the compressed spring flies rapidly out, throwing the lever with
it and withdrawing the clutch from the pulley K, thus instantly stopping the
advance of the carriage O. Before, however, the motion of the carriage is stopped
the wedge-shaped adjustable appliance m³ passes beneath the arm N³ (see Figs. 7
and 14) and raises it and the shaft N up to a height where the other end of the
bar №3 is above the hook F. The purpose of this will be more conveniently
explained hereinafter.
Returning now to the movable frame of the machine, it will be noticed that I
continue the shaft E out beyond the frame and secure upon its end a cog-wheel, R.
The end of the square shaft D, below the shaft E, is also correspondingly prolonged
outside of the frame, and upon this prolongation, which is turned round, I secure
another cog-wheel, R', and inside of it a drum, K2, both running loosely upon the
shaft. A clutch arrangement, r, is provided between the cog-wheel R¹ and the
drum R, but is normally kept disengaged by means of a spring, V. (See Fig. 13.)
The cog-wheel R¹ is of course kept in constant operation as long as the shaft É
rotates. The pivoted lever V₁ is attached to a collar on the hub of the cog R³, and
at its lower end is pivoted to a rod, V2, which said rod has a hook, u, at its end,
passing around and outside of a projection, u', upon the lever K. (See Fig. 7.)
Secured to the drum R² is a chain, R³, which passes around a sprocket-wheel, R,
said sprocket-wheel being permanently fastened upon the fixed frame of the machine
and having secured upon it, or in such way as to move with it, a cam, R. After
passing from this sprocket-wheel, the chain is continued downward and connected at
its lower end with a lever, R, which has a weight, R, secured at the extremity of
the same end to which the chain is attached, and a hook, R', secured at its other end.
As will be noticed in Fig. 7, the movable work-holding frame has secured to it a

page_text: curved arm, t, at the end of which is a roller, T, which is in contact with the cam R
of the sprocket-wheel R. In this same drawing will be noticed a bell-crank lever, W,
pivoted upon an arm, W1, of the movable frame at a point, w. One arm of this bell-
crank is adapted to engage with a prolongation of the rod V2. The other arm is
adapted to come in contact with the stop Wunder the conditions which I am about
to describe.
Returning now to the operation of the machine, as the lever K² is thrown over, as
already described, to release the clutch and stop the motion of the carriage, the
projection u engages with the hook u of the rod V2 and pulls the rod outward. This
causes the pivoted lever Vito turn and press the cog-wheel R' in toward the drum R
until the clutch is engaged. The drum R2 then revolves with the cog-wheel R' and
winds up the chain R³. As the chain is wound up, it of course rotates the sprocket-
wheel R and cam R. Said cam, pressing against the roller T forces the working-
holding frame forward and away from the cutters, and by means of the link L³,
secured to the frame and to the crank-arm L³, turns the shaft L back to the position
in which we first considered it, the curvature at the end of the link L³, which connects
with the crank L, permitting a greater revolution of the shaft than would be possible
were the link straight. While the work-holding frame is being thrown forward in
this way
the chain is also elevating the end of the lever Re, to which it is attached, and
depressing the opposite end with its hook R. This hook in its downward motion
passes beneath the pin i on the rod I and engages it, as is shown in Fig. 18. As the
work-holding frame is pressed forward by the cam, bell-crank lever W approaches
the stop Won the main frame of the machine, and at the end of the throw of
the frame the end of the bell-crank comes in contact with the stop and is turned by it,
so that its other end, engaging with the prolongation of the rod V2, acts to press the
said rod back to its first position. This throws the gear-wheel R' away from the drum
and disengages the clutch the spring V also co-acting to accomplish the same result;
and either the bell-crank or spring could be used alone for this purpose. The dis-
engagement of the clutch permits the drum to revolve freely on its bearing, and the
chain R³, by means of its own weight and the weighted lever to which it is attached,
runs rapidly downward, the lever It returning to its normal position and raising the
rod I, and its attachments with it, to the position shown in Fig. 17, said position
being that in which both of the pressure-pulleys G³ and Gare out of operative contact
with the belts gg, and such being the case, of course the gearing driven from the
pulley J2 and that driven from the pulley J soon come to rest. Before, however, the
driving-pulley F³ and its attached gearing have come to a standstill, they have
another function to perform.
It will be noticed that in Figs. 1 and 8 a cam projection,, is shown as secured
upon the gear wheel F2, and that in Figs. 1, and 14, there is shown a hook-like
projection on the edge of the driving-pulley F3, (said projection being marked f¹) A
spring-hook, F, secured to the frame of the machine, is adapted to engage with this
projection under the following conditions, and for the purpose described.
Referring now especially to Figs. 7 and 14, it will be seen that 1 secure upon the
frame of my machine an upright standard, N', which supports the bearings of an
upright shaft, N. This shaft is free to slide up and down to some extent in its
bearings, but is provided with a spring, n, which keeps it normally in its downward
position. At the upper end of the shaft N is a crank, to which is secured a projecting
stop device, N2. At its lower end is a cross-bar, N³, one end of which passes over
the bar M and the other end across a projecting rod, F³, secured at one end to the
spring-hook F and having a hook, F, at its other end. In normal position the cross
bar N engages with this hook Fe; but as I have already pointed out, it is raised up
out of engagement with the hook by means of the wedge m³, which lifts it just at
the end of the forward movement of the bar M. Now, as the work-holding frame is
thrown forward, the cam f on the wheel F' comes in contact with the end of the stop
projection N2 as the wheel F revolves, and each revolution of the wheel thus causes
the shaft N, with its cross-bar N³, to turn in its bearings, the spring n serving to
bring it back to its normal position when the cam passes out of contact with N²,

page_text: Before the gearing (of which the wheel F forms a part) comes to a rest, the bar M
is moved backward by means which I will hereinafter describe, and wedge m³ thus
withdrawn from beneath the cross bar N³. permitting it to fall back to its normal
position, when it engages with the hook F, and when next oscillated by the contact
of the cam with the stop N it throws the spring-hook F forward close to the rim
of the driving-pulley F³, so that when the projection " comes in contact with the
hooked end of F4 it grasps it and stops the driving-pulley and all of the gearing
driven by it in a fixed and regulated position. The model and work are by this
means always stopped in the same position, so that the operator knows without exami-
nation exactly how to place the next blank in the machine.
Returning now to the operation of throwing the work-holding frame forward and
away from the cutters, as this frame is moved away by the cam R³ the supporting-shaft C
turns with it. Attached to the end of this shaft C is a crank-lever, C₁, rigidly secured
upon the shaft C, and having at its upper end a bar, C², projecting from it, as shown
in Figs. 10 and 11. Across the top of this projection Clies a rod or bar, C³, which
is provided with a lug or projection, c', preferably secured upon it so as to be
adjustable, as shown in Fig. 9, and so placed as to engage the bar 02 when said bar
is in the position it occupies when the frame against the cutters. (See Figs. 3, 10,
and 11.) One end of this rod or bar C3 is secured to a hanger, K, which (see
Figs. 3 and 9) is suspended on a projection from the frame of the machine at ko, and
has at its other end a pressure pulley, K. The other end of the bar (3 lies across the
path of the sliding bar M. As will be at once seen, (see Fig. 3,) the revolution of
the shaft C and crank-lever C will, by means of its engagement with the projection c¹
on the bar C³, draw the pressure-pulley K³ against the belt k*, thus placing the
pulley K upon the shaft G and the pulley K³ upon the shaft K' in operative con-
nection and causing the shaft K' to turn in such wise as to move the carriage O back
to place of beginning. As this carriage moves backward, it again engages the bar M
through a stop, M', (see Fig. 1.) and causes the said bar M to slide backward until a
wedge, M, at its end elevates the end of rod C³ sufficiently to disengage the pro-.
jection c¹ from the bar and lever C, when the pressure-pulley is at once
released from its operative contact with the belt **.
In Fig. 9 the lever C, bar M, bar C³, and the connected mechanism are shown in
the relative positions they occupy when the carriage O has moved back to the place
of beginning, the wedge-surfaces M² and M have raised the bar (³ high enough to
elevate the lug c above the bar (2, and the bar 3 has moved forward, relieving the
pressure of pulley K on belt k¹. It is while the various parts are in the position
shown in Fig. 9 that the work-holding frame is thrown back into operative position,
and of course the rod 02 on lever C₁ will pass under lug e without touching it, as the
bar M is not withdrawn from under bar 3 till the carriage O is well advanced on its
forward movement. I have, however, made the back of lug c' curved, as shown in
Fig. 9, so that even if the bar (2 should strike against it in its backward movement
(as would be the case, for instance, if the frame was thrown forward for any reason
after bar M was withdrawn from under bar (3) it would raise the bar 03 and pass
under said lug. I have found, however, that it is desirable to check the revolution of
the shaft K by means of a brake, and I therefore provide a braking device, the
details of which are shown in Figs. 3, 9, 10, 11, and 12.
In a proper bearing upon the frame of the machine I secure what is in effect a
bell-crank lever, C. (See Figs. 9 and 12.) To the short arm or crank of this
lever C, attach a bent bar or frame, C6, which passes beneath the pulley K³ and
supports a brake-shoe, C. The other end of this rod C is supported by means of a
pin, upon the rod C³. To the other or long arm of lever C, I attach a bar, 04,
which I provide with a detent, c, adapted to engage with the cross-bar 02 of lever (
The length of the bar is adjustable by means of a screw at its end connecting
with the crank-arm of C³. Now, as the work-holding frame moves away from the
cutters, the lever C, turning with it, will throw the rod forward and turn the crank C³,
bringing the brake-shoe C nearly, but not quite, into contact with the periphery of
the driving-pulley K³. This same motion of the lever C³, as I have already explained,

page_text: tightens the belt and sets the shaft K¹ in action to return the cutter-carriage to the
place of beginning. The bar M having, as aforesaid, been engaged by the carriage O
on its return motion, the wedge M' at its end first lifts the bar ³, so as to disengage
its projection c¹ from the cross-bar C2 and free the pressure-pulley K'. This elevation
of the end of the bar C³, acting through the rod C, which rests upon it, brings the
brake-shoe (7 into still closer proximity with the periphery of the pulley K³, and as
the bar M continues to advance the wedge M, passing under the end of bar C³,
raises it still higher and clamps the brake-shoe tight against the wheel, thus effectively
checking its rotation and any further movement of the carriage Q. When now it is
desired to again start the machine, and the work-holding frame is thrown back toward
the cutters, the lever C, turning with the frame and toward the bell-crank C, permits
the rod to move in the same direction, and the bell-crank C is thus turned,
and the brake-shoe C7 drops away from the periphery of the pulley K³, permitting
the shaft K to revolve freely.
The operation of my machine is, by the above-described appliances, made automatic
from the beginning of each operation of turning a spoke until the return of the
mechanism into position to begin the turning of another spoke, and the machine
therefore requires much less attention from the operator than is the case with any of
the machines in use for similar purposes. Many of the devices by which I attain
this desirable result can be modified in form, and for several of such devices other
equivalent mechanism could readily be substituted. Many of such are also
independently useful and essential, even if the machinery is not organized to be
automatic in its actions to the same extent that I have shown and described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to. me by my
foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is:
First In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the
combination, with the movable spindle or centre E', of the double eccentric E, having
links ee¹, secured to both sides of said spindle, and the actuating-lever e', all
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Second: In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified,
guides or traces consisting of wearing-shoes having their surfaces prolonged and pro-
vided with tenons conforming in line with their wearing-faces, and clamping arms or
holders provided with slots curved or straight to conform to the tenons of the shoes
and provided with adjustable clamps, whereby the shoes can be moved and secured
at will in the clamping-arms, substantially as specified, so that the contact-surfaces
of said guides or tracers can be adjusted to present different wearing-surfaces to the
model and blank.
Third: In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the
combination, with the driving-pulleys G G2 and the belts gg, of the pressure-
pulleys G G, secured in a centrally-pivoted frame, G', and placed, as shown and
described, so as to act on the slack sides of belts g g', and mechanism for actuating
said frame to bring the pressure-pulleys into operation, as desired.
Fourth In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the
combination, with the driving-pulleys GG and the belts g g', of the pressure-
pulleys Go Go, secured in a centrally-pivoted frame, G', and placed, as shown and
described, so as to act on the slack sides of belts g g', the pivoted lever G8, connecting-
rod g², and mechanism for actuating the lever to bring the pressure-pulleys into
operation as desired.
:
Fifth In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the
combination of the rod I, pivoted on the free end of the lever G", which controls the
adjustment of the pressure-pulleys G and Go, substantially as specified, the guide
slot 12, secured on the frame of the machine, a stop or shoulder upon which the rod
is sustained in its highest position, the bell-crank M, and the sliding bar M, whereby
the motion of the carriage is made to effect an immediate change in the speed of the
machine at the desired point.

page_text: :
Sixth In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as spécified, the
combination of the rod I, having shoulder, and pivoted on the free end of a
lever, G, which controls the adjustment of the pressure-pulleys G and G. substan-
tially as specified, the guide-slot I, which limits the are through which the rod I can
turn on its pivot, and the crank-arm I, secured on the shaft 1. and arranged to
engage the shoulder of rod I and elevate the rod and its attached lever G when
the shaft L is rotated to throw the frame into operative position with the cutters.
Seventh In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the
combination of the rod I, having shoulder and pivoted on the free end of a
lever, G³, which controls the adjustment of the pressure-pulleys G and G6, substan-
tially as specified, the guide-slot 12, which limits the are through which the rod I can
turn on its pivot, the crank-arm L', secured on the shaft L and arranged to engage
the shoulder of rod I and elevate the rod and its attached lever G³ when the shaft L
is rotated to throw the frame into operative position with the cutters, the sliding
bar M, actuated by the carrriage, and the bell-crank lever M, which, when pressed
by the end of har M, throws the rod I away from the crank L, freeing the
shoulder and allowing the rod and lever Go to fall and change the speed of the
gearing in the frame.
Eighth In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, in
combination with the rod 1, pivoted on the free end of lever G, which actuates
and controls the adjustment of the pressure-pulleys G G", the lever R, having a
hook, R', secured at one end in such manner as to engage a pin, ¿, on rod I when said
rod is at its lowest position and the end of lever It is depressed, said lever having a
weight, RB, secured at its other end in such manner as to counterbalance the weight
of rod I and its attachments, a cord or chain. R³, by which the weighted end of
lever R is elevated, and the hook R', engaged with pin and mechanism for actuating
said cord or chain.
Ninth In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the
combination of the pressure-pulleys GG, arranged to act upon the driving-
belts g g', as specified, and actuated through a pivoted lever. G³, the rod I, pivoted
on the end of lever G and having a spring, 1, secured to it, the clutch-lever K2,
actuating the clutch k, whereby the screw-shaft K¹ is engaged or disengaged and
the detent k¹, secured upon the frame A so as to engage and retain lever K² when
forced over by spring 1, all substantially as shown and described, so that the
elevation of the rod I at the same time causes the engagement of a pressure-pulley
with a driving-belt connected with and driving the gearing of the work-holding or
movable frame, and also, by means of its spring I, forces the clutch-lever K2 over to
engage the screw-shaft K
Tenth In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the
combination of the rod I, pivoted on the free end of lever Go, which actuates the pressure-
pulleys G³ Gº, substantially as specified, said rod having shoulder, pin i, and
spring 1, the weighted lever R, having hook R7, and cord or chain R³, for actuating
it, the shaft L, having crank-arm L', the bell-crank lever M6, the sliding bar M, the
frame A, having guide-slot 12 and detent k, and the clutch lever K2, all substan-
tially as and for the purpose specified, so that at the proper point in the travel of
the carriage the bar M, acting through lever M, will throw the rod I off the
arm 1, allowing it to fall and change the speed of the gearing in the work-holding
frame, then, by means of hook R7, elevating rod I to a point where both pressure-
pulleys will be disengaged and sustaining it there until the revolution of shaft L
raises it again to its first position by means of crank 1, said elevation bringing
the force of spring 1 to bear on lever K² to engage its clutch and force it into
detent ¹.
Eleventh In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified,
the combination of the rod 1, pivoted on the free end of lever G, which controls
the adjustment of the pressure-pulleys G5 G6, the weighted lever R6, having hook R',
adapted to engage with a pin on rod I, as specified, and a chain or cord, R3, to
elevate it, a drum, R, running loosely on shaft D and attached to chain R³, a gear-
B
}

page_text: with
wheel, R', also loosely journaled on shaft D, and geared with a pinion on a spindle, E.
forming part of the mechanism which rotates the blank, a clutch, V, whereby the
drum Rand gear-wheel R¹ are engaged, pivoted lever V₁, for engaging and
disengaging the clutch V bent rod V2, having a projection, u, adapted to engage
a lug, u, on clutch-lever K2, clutch-lever K2, having lug u, arranged to engage
projection u of rod V2 and through it engage the clutch V when lever K2 is thrown
to disengage the clutch directly controlled by it, and mechanism, substantially as
described, for disengaging clutch V and allowing the weighted lever R6 to fall and
elevate rod I when the frame is thrown away from the cutters, all substantially as and
for the purpose specified.
Twelfth In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the
combination of the rod 1, pivoted on the free end of lever G, which controls the
adjustment of the pressure-pulleys G³ G, the weighted lever R, having hook R',
adapted to engage with a pin on rod I, as specified, and a chain or cord, R³, to elevate
it, a drum, R2, running loosely on shaft D and attached to chain R³, a gear-wheel, R¹,
also loosely journaled on shaft D and geared with a pinion on a spindle, E, forming
part of the mechanism which rotates the blank, a clutch, V, whereby the drum R²
and gear-wheel R¹ are engaged, pivoted lever Vi, for engaging and disengaging the
clutch V, bent rod V2, having a projection, w, adapted to engage with a lug, u, on
clutch-lever K², clutch-lever K2, having lug w, arranged to engage projection " of
rod V2 and through it engage the clutch V when lever K2 is thrown to disengage the
clutch directly controlled by it, and a bell-crank lever, W, arranged in connection
with rod V2 and a stationary stop, W2, so as to return rod V2 to its first position
and disengage clutch V when the frame is thrown away from the cutters, all
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
:
Thirteenth In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified,
the combination of drum R2 and clutch mechanism for throwing it in gear by the
disengagement of the lever K2, which controls the clutch by which connection is
-made between screw-driving shaft K and the pulleys K, arranged substantially as
shown and described, the chain or cord R, actuating the lever R, as described, and
the sprocket-wheel R, having a cam, R5, adapted to engage with the frame holding
the model, &c., and thrust said frame away from the cutters when the clutch V is
engaged, substantially as shown and described.
:
Fourteenth In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified,
the combination of the clutch-lever K2, adapted to engage in a detent, ¹, in the
frame of the machine, and the sliding bar M, having spring-bolt M1 and wedge M²,
whereby the bolt M' is pressed against the lever K2, compressing the spring m' as the
carriage advances until the wedge M² releases the lever from detent k¹, when the
spring forces the lever over quickly, releasing the clutch k.
Fifteenth In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified,
the combination of clutch lever K2, having spring ², tending to hold the lever in
position to keep the clutch K uncoupled and the rod I, having spring I', which, when
said rod is elevated, presses against lever K2, overcoming spring and forcing the
clutch to engage.
Sixteenth In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the
combination of the clutch-actuating lever K, having spring ², arranged to keep the
clutch disengaged when the lever is free from its detent, the sliding bar M, having
spring-bolt M and wedge M², for releasing the lever from its detent and throwing
it rapidly to disengage the clutch, and the rod 1, arranged in connection with the
mechanism controlling the pressure-pulleys, substantially as specified, and having a
spring, 1', which engages the lever K² when rod 1 is elevated and forces it into the
detent, all substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Seventeenth In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified.
the spring-clutch F4, having a hooked arm, FF, and the driving-pulley F3, having
a deient-lug, f, secured near its periphery, in combination with a shaft, N, journaled
in a frame, N¹, so as to have a turning motion therein, and having a crank-arm and
stop, N2, at its upper end-and a lever, N³, at its lower end, and a cam, f, secured on

page_text: one of the gear-wheels of the work-holding frame, all substantially as shown and
described, so that when the frame is moved away from the cutters the said cam will
come in contact with the stop on crank-arm N2, causing the shaft N to turn and
drawing the clutch F" into position to engage the detent by means of the lever N³
and the hooked bar F F6.
:
Eighteenth In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified,
the spring-clutch F', and having a hooked arm, F F, and the driving-pulley F³,
having a detent-lug, ", secured near its periphery, in combination with a shaft, N,
journaled in a frame, Ni, so as to have both a turning and sliding motion therein,
and having a crank-arm and stop, N2, at its upper end and a cross-bar or lever, N³,
at its lower end, a cam, f, secured on one of the gear-wheels of the work-holding
frame, and so placed as to come in contact with and actuate the stop on crank N'
when the frame is thrown away from the cutters, and a wedge secured on the sliding
bar M, as specified, so as to elevate the bar-lever N³ above the hook F" before the
cam fengages with the stop N2 and to drop the said bar-lever, permitting it to engage
the hook F and apply clutch F at a determined point in the backward movement of
har M, all substantially as shown and described, so that the motion of the gearing in
the frame may be arrested in a fixed and determined position immediately after the
driving-belts which actuate it are released.
Nineteenth In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified,
the combination, with the frame B B D D C, which holds the model and work and
the mechanism for actuating them, and the shaft L having handle-lever L' and
lever L, of the link or connecting-rod L³, having one end curved and attached to
lever L, so as to permit said lever to turn with shaft L to a line parallel to or below
the line of the points of attachments of the link L³, and its other end provided with a
slot, 7, adapted to engage with a pin, 7, on the frame, all substantially as shown and
described, and so that the frame can be thrown toward the cutters by means of
the rotation of shaft L, while at the same time the oscillations of the frame in
following the model take place independently of and without moving the connecting-
link L³.
:
Twentieth In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the
shaft I, having handle-lever Land levers L and L', the frame B B D D C, and the
lever G, actuating and controlling the pressure-pulley G5 G6, substantially as specified,
in combination with the hent and slotted link L³ and the rod I, pivoted on the end of
lever G and provided with a stop, , and guide-slot in the frame of the machine, all
substantially as shown and described, so that the turning of shaft L by means of
lever L will simultaneously throw the frame toward the cutters and apply the pressure-
pulley to the driving-belt which actuates the gearing in said frame.
:
Twenty-first In a machine for turning irregular forins, substantially as specified,
the shaft L, having handle-lever L' and levers L2 and L, the frame B B D D C, the
lever G, actuating and controlling the pressure-pulley G5 G6, substantially as specified,
and the lever K, controlling the clutch which connects the carriage-driving shaft K¹
and the pulleys which drive it forward, in combination with the bent and slotted
link L and the rod I, pivoted on the end of lever G³ and provided with a stop, ¹.
spring 1, and guide-slot in the frame of the machine, all substantially as shown and
described; so that the turning of shaft L by means of lever L' will simultaneously
throw the frame toward the cutters, apply the pressure-pulley to the driving-belt
which actuates the gearing in said frame, and throw lever K² in to position to engage
clutch and start the carriage on its forward travel.
Twenty-second: In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified,
the screw-shaft K', having pulley K³, geared with the driving-shaft G so as to be
turned by said shaft in the direction to reverse the motion of carriage O, the suspended
pressure-pulley K', controlled by bar C3³, having detent c¹, adapted to engage with
lever C, attached to-shaft C of the frame, and the wedge M on sliding bar M, all
substantially as shown and described, in combination with shaft (, having crank-
arms, as specified, rod C, attached to one of said crank-arms, and having detent co,
whereby it is engaged and drawn back by lever C when the frame is thrown away
:

page_text: i
from the cutters, rod C, attached to the other crank-arm or shaft C at one end and
resting on bar at the other, said rod carrying a brake-shoe, C7, and a wedge, M6,
on bar M. situated behind and above wedge Mo, all substantially as and. for. the
purpose specified, so that the throwing of the frame away from the cutters will,
through lever C, at the same time apply the pressure-pulley K³ to belt k*, causing
the carriage to return, and by drawing the bar forward cause the shaft (³ to
rotate, bringing the brake-shoe C close to the pulley K³, the releasing of detent c¹ of
bar 3 by the action of wedge M will at the same time that it releases pressure-
pulley K³, bring the shoe closer to the pulley by elevating the end of the rod C,
resting on the rod C³, the further elevation of the rod C³, by means of wedge Me, will
cause the application of the brake to pulley K³, and the throwing back of the frame
and lever toward the cutters will release the brake by allowing bar C to move
forward, the shaft C³ to turn, and the shoe-carrying bar (to fall.
:
Twenty-third In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified,
the combination of the work-carrying frame supported and pivoted upon shaft C,
having an arm, t, and the drum R2, secured upon it and adapted to engage with the
gearing of said frame by means of a clutch, V, and having also a lever, C¹, engaged
with a pressure-pulley adapted to engage the carriage-driving shaft, with a belt
geared to drive it in the reverse direction, the belt-gearing connecting the gearing of
the frame with the driving-shaft. said gearing being controlled by the pressure-
pulleys G' G, actuated by lever Gs and rod I, as specified, the cuiter-carriage O,
actuated by screw-shaft K, the clutch-lever K2, controlling the clutch k, which con-
nects the shaft K with the forward driving-pulleys, the sliding bar M, having
appliances, as specified, which operate successively to change the speed of the gearing
in the frame to throw off the clutch k and its return motion to throw off the pressure-
pulley acting to return the carriage to the starting-point the chain R³, attached to
drum R² and lever R° and passing over a cam sprocket wheel, R4 R', secured to the
frame of the machine, the weighted lever Re, having hook R', and the shaft L, having
handle L, lever arms L2 and L, said shaft being connected with the movable frame
by a link, L3, all substantially as and for the purpose specified, so that the throwing
of the movable frame toward the cutters by the rotation of shaft L causes the pressure-
pulleys to engage the gearing of the said frame with the driving-shaft, and the
driving-shaft K to engage with the driving-pulleys, which drive it in the direction
which causes the carriage 0 to move forward, said carriage in its forward motion,
and by means of bar M, first throwing down rod I and changing the speed of the
gearing in the movable frame by means of the pressure-pulleys G5 G6, and then, by
means of lever K², throwing out the clutch K, releasing the shaft K' from the driving-
pulley, and stopping the carriage, the throwing of lever K2 engaging the drum R2 and
winding up chain R³, which rotates cam R, thrusting the movable frame away from
the cutters, and lowering the hook R7 on weighted lever R to engage rod 1, the
motion of the movable frame releasing drum R2 and allowing the weighted lever R
to elevate rod I to a position where it holds the pressure-pulleys Go Go out of contact
with the driving-belts, and the said frame in moving away from the cutters, also by
means of lever C, applying the gear, which rotates the shaft K¹ to cause the carriage Ö
to move backward to the starting-point, said gear being released at the end of the
return of the carriage by the engagement of the wedge on bar M with the rod holding
the pressure-pulley in contact with the reverse motion belt.
Dated this 9th day of December 1887.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.