Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Feb., 1898-Accepted, 20th May, 1898

page_text: fabric, and the layer 4 may be provided on both sides with a layer
and 8,
(Figure 3) respectively of vulcanised indiarubber, the latter also extending over
the layer 5 of the fabric.. The layers 5 and 6 of fabric may if desired be employed
for forming the large air chamber 2, or the layer 5 may be interpolated between
the layers 4 and 6 so that the latter serve for forming the large air chamber 2,
(see Figure 3). On the side of the tyre facing the tread the two layers of fabric 5
and 6 have a special peculiarity which enables the fabric to be easily fitted on the
periphery of the tyre, and consists in the warp threads in the layers of fabric being
omitted at this part to a width of about 20 millimetres, as shown in Figure 1.
By means of this arrangement the weft threads 10 may run radially to the centre
and thereby the shape of the tyre is most favourably affected. In order however.
to allow the layers 4 of fabric to also fit closely on the periphery of the tyre, a
diagonal strip of fabric is employed as shown at 11 in Figure 2. The use of this
diagonal fabric for the strips 4 also has the advantage that the meshes of the fabric
may be made narrower, thicker and less liable to injury as the said layers bend
towards the interior of the tyre, that is to say the centre of the wheel and the
periphery of the layer 4 diminishes towards the crown of its arc.
A layer of fabric 12 consisting of knitted fabric or elastic webbing may also
be inserted between the two layers 5 and 6 of fabric in the manner shown and
solutioned on the layer 5. In the form of construction shown in Figure 7 the
fabric insertion 12 is omitted but covered rubber threads 13 are employed as
warp threads in the two layers of fabric 5 and 6 at those places where in Figure 6
the warp threads are omitted, so that by means of this arrangement the said
layers are rendered elastic.
In Figure 8 the strip or layer 4 formed of diagonal fabric is secured by being
stitched and solutioned to the two layers 5 and 6 similar to that shown in Figure 3.
In the form of construction shown in Figure 8 the insertion 12 shown in Figure 6
is solutioned on the outside of the layer 6.
The modification shown in Figure 9 only differs from the others by the outer
fabric cover 6 alone being provided with elastic warp threads 13, and the diagonal
strips 4 capable of being used for forming the large air chamber 2.
The ends A and B of the layers of fabric 5 and 6 and if desired of the diagonal
strips 4 which remain after forming the small air chamber 1 are, as shown in
Figure 3, also employed for forming the larger air chamber 2. The solutioned
cover 7 of the small air chamber 1 also extends onto the inside of the large air
chamber 2. The outer layer of fabric 6 is provided with a layer 14 of rubber
which serves as a rubber tread, and all the parts, namely, the layers of fabric 5
and 6, solutioned cover 7 and rubber layer 14 form the upper body 16 which fits
into the rim of the wheel. This body as shown in Figure 3 is divided and the
left hand part is provided with a small air tube 3 to which may be connected
a pipe 17 extending to the outside for the purposes of inflation. The said air
tube 3 is also provided with an aperture 18 so that the air can enter into the
chamber 2. In the right hand part of the upper body 16 is arranged a flap 19 running
longitudinally inside the large air chamber 2 and roughened longitudinally on
that side which faces the small air tube. This flap which presses against both
the lug or aperture 18 and air tube 3 closes the chamber 2 to the outside.
pipe 20 connected to a flexible pipe 21 covered with fabric and leading to the
air chamber 1 may also be arranged in the body 16.
A
It will be readily seen in Figure 3 the shape of the tyre may be brought into
any suitable form by exposing both chambers 1 and 2 to suitable air pressure.
As is well known any medium of pressure always tends to force the walls of a
vessel in which it is confined into a circular form. If therefore the chamber 2
be first inflated the rubber tyre which is of different thicknesses will assume an
approximately circular form so far as the flexibility of the same will allow. If
the chamber 1 be then inflated it will also have a tendency to assume a circular
form thus causing a counter movement against each other of the walls of the
chamber 2 to take place, so that the tyre assumes the sectional form shown approxi-

page_text: "
mating to a circular or a more pointed oval form. This form is attained by
means of the chamber 1, but it may also be greatly facilitated by the layers 5
and 6 of fabric being elastic, either by the omission of the warp threads at
the places mentioned or by the insertion of elastic warp threads 9, Figure 1. If
the tyre shown in Figure 3 be injured on its tread in such a way that the air
escapes to the outside from the chamber 1 the partition formed of the diagonal
strip 4 and the rubber layers and 8 will be pressed against the cover 8 in con-
sequence of the pressure existing in the chamber 2 by which means the tyre may
continue to be used without necessitating immediate repair and also without an
interruption of the journey. In this case the tyre will assume a round or circular
form.
The air tube 3 has for its object to press the two parts of the upper body 16
into the rim 15 of the wheel. When not inflated said air tube is of an elliptical
form and thus the tyre may be very easily and conveniently inserted in the rim.
When this has been done the tube 3 is inflated and simultaneously the large air
chamber 2 is fully and tightly closed to the outside. No separate air tube is
employed for the large chamber 2 and consequently any injury to the tyre can
be repaired from the inside, as shown in Figure 3.
In place of the solutioned rubber layer 8 of the small chamber 1, an air tube
drawn into said chamber may be employed. To enable said chamber 1 also to
be repaired from the inside it is preferable to form the diagonal strip 4 in two
halves laced or connected with each other in the manner shown in Figure 4. In
case the tyre should get damaged on the tread it can also still be used without
immediate repairs precisely in the same way as with the form of construction
shown in Figure 3, the repairs being effected from the inside by allowing the air
to escape from the chambers 1 and 2 and tube 3, opening the tyre and discon-
necting the lacing or fastening of the two flaps of the layer 4 of fabric at the
point in question.
As shown in the modification in Figure 4, the chamber 1 may also be filled
with light material such as cork, felt or the like, the chamber 2 in such case
acting as a resilient cushion, thus preventing hardly any damage to the chamber 2
as the chamber itself acts as a covering or shield.
The arrangement of air tube 3 shown in Figure 5 may be employed in cases
where cycle tyres are only provided with the large air chamber 2. Where single
tube tyres only are used and to enable the fabric cover to fit closely on the peri-
phery, said cover may also be made without warp threads for a suitable width
on the side facing the tread of the tyre, and in case warp threads are employed
such warp threads may consist of covered rubber threads similar to those em-
ployed for the small chamber 1 (Figures 6 to 9). An indiarubber strip 22 may
if necessary be applied in the interior and a layer 23 of soluble rubber placed
between said layer 22 and the solutioned cover 8 in the ordinary manner so that
the tyres are most resistant on the side facing the tread.
In such cases where no separate air tube is contained in the chamber 2
(Figure 5) it will be readily understood without further explanation that any
injuries may be repaired from the inside in the simplest possible manner.
As shown in Figure 3 a separate air supply pipe 23 may also be provided for
the large air chamber 2 whereby said chamber may be separately inflated to a
given pressure, and the shape of the tyre altered thereby as desired.
The canvas or fabric insertions hereinbefore described and the process for
making the tyre lining or cover may be utilised for all cycle tyres no matter
for what rim they are required.
VALVE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT.
In Figure 10 a form of valve employed in the tube 17 of Figure 3 is shown on
an enlarged scale but only for adapting it to another form of rim such as shown
at 15. The valve body 24 is rigidly connected with said rim by soldering or the
like. The feed pipe 25 connected with the air tube 3 is arranged in the valve

page_text: body 24 and secured in the latter by means of a washer or the like 26 of vulcanite
or metal carrying nozzle 27, which latter is fastened by means of a nut 28 as
shown in the right hand side. This washer 26 may however be made separate
from the nozzle 27 as shown in the left hand side in which case the nut 28 and
also the nozzle 27 may be made in one piece, and washer rings 29 of elastic
material inserted between said nut and washer. In said washer 26 a valve cone
or plug 30 is arranged which plug carries a valve spindle 31 rigidly or loosely
connected therewith, the spindle being so acted on by the closing cap 32 on the
nozzle 27 that after the air tube 3 has been entirely inflated, said valve cone 30
is pressed into the tube 25 thus producing a tight closing of the air tube 3 to the
outside. Should it be desired to connect this valve arrangement with an air
pump and to inflate the air tube 3, the wheel is turned until the valve arrange-
iment stands at 180° to the position shown in Figure 10, that is to say the closing
cap 32 hangs in a downward position. If the cap 32 be then removed the valve
plug 30 descends by its own weight into the washer 26 and closes the air tube 3
to the outside. If however the said air tube already contains some compressed
air the automatic closing is facilitated.
The form of construction shown in Figure 11 is very similar to that shown in
Figure 10 only in the former the valve plug 30 has an elastic covering 33 the
joint being formed in the plug 26 and not in the feed pipe 25.
In Figure 12 an elastic lip valve 34 is shown arranged in the feed pipe 25 so
that the valve plug 30 may be dispensed with, said lip valve consisting of a funnel
shaped tube the lower end of which is provided with an automatically closing
central aperture which, in case of not closing automatically is closed by the pres-
sure existing in the air tube 3.
In the form shown in Figure 13 the valve body 35 is constructed of rubber and
provided with a lip valve such as shown in Figure 12. Where the valve body
merges into the lip valve, a metal tube 36 is inserted in the rubber mass so as
to allow of the pipe 37 being drawn over and connected with the valve body, which
latter in this form of construction is inserted in the wall of a single tube tyre,
the tyre thus being connected with the wheel rim by no tubular part.
The tube or pipe 37 which is drawn over the lip valve 34 and may be provided
externally with a canvas cover, opens directly into either the air tubes 3 or 1. To
prevent dirt entering the lip valve a plug 39 formed in the manner shown in
Figure 14 may be inserted in the opening 38 of said valve body 35, the plug being
provided at the end projecting to the outside with an aperture for the purpose of
withdrawing the plug from the opening 38 by the insertion of a screw key. In
this form of valve arrangement, in case the tyre is not sufficiently inflated and
moves or slips on the rim, the valve pipe is not wrenched off, as the valve has
no longer anything to do with the rim of the wheel. By means of this valve
arrangement it is also possible to immediately place the tyre on the rim without
first having to make a connection between the valve and the rim. A second valve
is of course essential for inflating the chamber 2 of the tyre and also where a
chamber 1 (Figure 3) is used.
Both these valves may however be combined as shown in Figure 15 by pro-
viding the valve body 35 also with one or more attachment pipes 43, opening
into the air tubes 2 and 1 of the tyre. Only one attachment pipe 43 is shown in
Figure 15. Said air chambers 2 and 1 and also air, tube 3 may be inflated simul-
taneously or separately, in this latter case however the pipe 43 must for safety's
sake be provided with a valve. For separate inflations an insertion 41 such as
shown in Figure 16 must be arranged in the opening 38 of the valve body 35,
said insertion having a side opening 42. According to whether the passage 42
communicates with the lip valve 34 or attachment pipe 43, the latter being also
provided with a valve, the air tube 3 or air chamber 2 may be inflated. To allow
the air to escape in case of need from the air tube or the air chamber, a pipe 45,
shown in Figure 17, provided with a handle 44 and hole 55 leading to the outside,
may be employed by means of which the lip valve 34 is simultaneously opened.

page_text: This pipe may if desirable be used in combination with a manometer shown in
Figure 18 to ascertain the pressure existing in the air tube or air chamber. The
hole 55 which is kept closed with the hand allows the air to escape in case the
pressure in the tyre be too great.
The opening 38 is closed by means of a plug in the manner described in con-
nection with Figure 13.
The modifications shown in Figures 19 and 20 differ from that described in
Figure 15 merely by the plug stopper or joint. In Figure 19 the valve body 35
is of metal and connected by means of a screw thread with the tyre. : A valve
cone-or plug 46 with an elastic covering is inserted in the opening 38 and used
as the stopper, said plug 46 being held in its lowest position by means of a nut
or cap 48. A nozzle 43 is also provided with a lip valve 49. A conically ground
valve plug 51 may however be provided in the tube nozzle 50 instead of a lip
valve, said plug being pressed on the valve seat by means of a spiral spring 52.
In the modification shown in Figure 20, which is assumed to be of metal coated
with rubber and which is connected with the valve arrangement in the manner
shown in Figure 15, there is in place of the cap 48 a nut 53 engaging in the valve
body and also the closing valve 46 is made semi-spherical so that the valve body
may not stand so high.
The modification shown in Figure 21 may like those shown in Figures 13,
15, 19 and 20 be inserted in the wall of the tyre. In this arrangement however
it must be noted that each chamber may be separately connected with the pump
so that the insertion 41 (Figure 16) is entirely dispensed with. For this object
the valve body is provided in its interior with a disc 54 to receive the pipes 43
and 50 inserted in said valve body the ends of said pipes which project to the
outside threaded internally for attachment to the pump and the inwardly projecting
end provided with a suitable valve. As another example a ball valve 55 may be
inserted in the pipe 50. The closing valve 46 is disc shaped in contrast to the
forms shown in Figures 19 and 20 and also retained by a nut 53. The air supply
pipes 20 and 23 (Figure 3) may be provided with the valve arrangement shown
in Figures 10 to 12 or with other suitable ordinary valves. The valve such as
shown in Figure 13 may also be employed with a tyre of the section such as shown
in Figure 3 and such form of valve may be selected that all three chambers i.e.
chambers 1 and 2 and air tube 3 may be inflated thereby.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
-
1. The method of manufacturing pneumatic cycle tyres having canvas or the
like insertions, consisting in forming said insertions either of a diagonal or cross
woven strip of fabric (Figures 1 and 2) the warp threads in the latter case being
entirely omitted on that side facing the tread, or replaced by covered rubber
threads for the purpose of rendering elastic those parts of the fabric insertion
which lie in the greatest diameter of the wheel, and enabling the wheel tyre to
assume any desired form of cross section and also of producing a pressure as even
as possible in the body of the tyre, substantially as described and shown.
2. A modification of the method of manufacturing cycle tyres having canvas
or the like insertions consisting in providing the warp-less fabric insertions with
an elastic cover (12, Figures 6 and 8) of knitted fabric or elastic webbing whereby
an elastic connection is formed between the weft threads of the fabric insertion,
substantially as described.
3. A cycle tyre consisting of the inner air chamber being divided into two
separate chambers (1 and 2) by means of a strip (4) of fabric formed of a diagonally
woven material for bringing the cross sectional form of the wheel tyre to a suitable
pointed oval form, by means of the inflation of both air chambers and the elasticity
of the fabric insertions, and thereby obtaining a narrower tread for the tyre, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described and shown in the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 4. In a cycle tyre the arrangement of a rubber coating on the inner fabric in-
sertion and a separate air tube (3) in the divided upper body (16) held in the
wheel rim for automatically pressing said body (16) into the rim by the inflation of
said air tube (3) and tightly closing the large air chamber (2) to the outside thus
rendering unnecessary a separate air tube for said chamber (2) and enabling the
tyre to be repaired from the interior of said air chamber (2), substantially as
herein before described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
5. In an air tube for tyres the arrangement of an aperture (18) leading into
a large air tube (2) and a ribbed or corrugated indiarubber flap (19) bearing
against said air tube, for inflating the larger air tube (2) by means of the
smaller air tube (3) said smaller tube being securely closed to the outside by the
flap (19) substantially as described and shown.
6. In a tyre forming the strip of fabric (4) which divides the air chamber into
two parts, of two flaps solutioned or vulcanised on their outer surfaces and capable
of being united, by lacing or otherwise fastening the joint for enabling repairs
in case of injury to that part of the wheel containing the air chamber (1) to be
effected from the inside substantially as herein before described and shown.
7. In a cycle tyre, the arrangement of air supply valves in the wall of the tyre
(Figures 1421) for avoiding any weakening of the rim by perforation, and any
tearing of the air tube in case the tyre slips off the rim, substantially as herein-
before set forth.
8. In a cycle tyre, the combination of two or more air chambers (1, 2 and 3)
with a single valve mounted in the rim or the wall of the tyre for enabling all
said chambers to be inflated simultaneously or separately, substantially as described
and shown.
9. In a cycle tyre, a valve for inflating the air tube (3), consisting of a
washer (26) inserted in the air supply pipe (25) and serving as valve seat, and
a valve plug (30) inserted in said cone (26) capable of being pressed by a closing
cap (32) through the intermediary of a valve spindle (31), for closing the air
tube (3), either into the air supply pipe (25) or into the washer (26) substantially
as described.
10. A modification of the valve hereinbefore described arranged in the wall
of a cycle wheel tyre, consisting in forming said valve as a lip- spherical- or
conical valve and connecting it by a separate pipe (37) with the air tube (3) of
the upper body (16) of the tyre, substantially as set forth.
11. A modification of valve hereinbefore described consisting of the valve body
being simultaneously provided with two closing devices, one of which opens into
the air tube (3) the other into the air chamber (2), whilst to allow the air chambers
(2 and 3) to be separately inflated either a separate insertion piece (41) provided
with a bent passage (42) and connected with the air pump pipe, is inserted in the
opening (38) of the valve body, or the two valve joints are provided with separate
feed pipes lying in said valve body, whereby each of said pipes may be separately
connected with the air pump, substantially as herein before set forth.
12. In a cycle tyre an arrangement for closing the valve body, consisting of
a plug (39) inserted in the opening (38), or of a valve plug (46) pressing against
the apertures of the valve body, for preventing the escape of air from the tyre in
case of the valve joints not fitting tightly, substantially as described and shown
with reference to Figures 13 to 21.
13. In a cycle tyre an arrangement for deflating the air chambers consisting
of a bent pipe (45) entering the valve body (35) and the corresponding valve joint,
said pipe being provided with a hole (55) and connected with a manometer for
ascertaining the pressure of the compressed air in said chamber substantially as
described and shown.