IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ormerod, of Whaley Bridge, in the
County of Chester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 24th June 1870, and dated the 3rd May 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ormerod at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd May 1870.
I, JOHN ORMEROD, of Whaley Bridge, in the County of Chester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to the delivery of the yarn from the yarn beam
in looms for weaving, and consists of a simple arrangement of mechanism
which causes the tension of the yarn itself to ease the friction on the
yarn beam, and thus at all times to allow the yarn to deliver itself
just as fast and as much as is needed, and no more; and the arrange-
ment of the mechanism is such that should any extraordinary or undue

page_text: pressure be brought to bear on the yarn by the sticking of the shuttle
in the shed, or from any other cause, the yarn itself will at once slacken
the friction cords, and by thus releasing the yarn beam will prevent the
breakage of the yarn.
In carrying out my Invention I dispense with the use of weights and
levers in connection with the yarn beam, and remove entirely from the
loom the fixed back rest over which the yarn passes from the yarn beam
to the healds, and I substitute therefor a transverse bar or rod (by
preference tubular), which is carried at each extremity by the free ends
of two springs which are fixed by their other extremities to the side
frames of the loom. Through each of these springs passes an eye bolt
provided above the spring with a winged nut, and connected below the
same to the friction cord, band, or chain, which, after taking two or
three turns round the end of the yarn beam is connected to the back
rail or other part of the loom frame. It will be evident that as the
pull of the cloth or the beating up of the slay puts pressure or tension
on the warp the latter will communicate the pressure to the bar or rod
above named, and causing it to depress the springs in a proportionate
degree, and slacken the friction, so as to allow the yarn beam to give off
exactly as much as is wanted, and the springs will then raise the bar
or rod and tighten the friction cords. The amount of friction may be
regulated at any time by tightening or slackening the winged nuts on
the eye bolts. Instead of the springs weighted levers may be employed
having a fulcrum in the centre and carrying the rod or bar at one end
and their other ends notched for carrying adjustable weights. Spiral
or other springs might also be substituted, but I prefer the arrangement
first described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said John Ormerod in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 3rd November 1870.
3
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
ORMEROD, of Whaley Bridge, in the County of Chester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third 3
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and

page_text: grant unto me, the said John Ormerod, Her special license that I, the
said John Ormerod, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said John Ormerod, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Ormerod,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Ormerod, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to the delivery of the yarn from the yarn beam
in looms for weaving, and consists of a simple arrangement of mechanism
which causes the tension of the yarn itself to ease the friction on the
yarn beam, and thus at all times to allow the yarn to deliver itself
just as fast and as much as is needed, and no more; and the arrange-
ment of the mechanism is such that should any extraordinary or undue
pressure be brought to bear on the yarn, by the sticking of the shuttle
in the shed or from any other cause, the yarn itself will at once slacken
the friction cords, and by thus releasing the yarn beam will prevent the
breakage of the yarn.
In carrying out my Invention I.dispense with the use of weights and
levers in connection with the yarn beam, and remove entirely from the
loom the fixed back rest over which the yarn passes from the yarn beam
to the healds, and I substitute therefor a transverse bar or rod (by
preference tubular, which is carried at each extremity by the free ends
of two springs which are fixed by their other extremities to the side
frames of the loom. Through each of these springs passes an eye bolt
provided above the spring with a winged or other nut, and connected
below the same to the friction cord, band, or chain, which after taking

page_text: two or three turns round the end of the yarn beam is connected to the
back rail or other part of the loom frame. It will be evident that as the
pull of the cloth or the beating up of the slay puts pressure or tension
on the warp the latter will communicate the pressure to the bar or rod.
above named, and causing it to depress the springs in a proportionate 5
degree, and slacken the friction, so as to allow the yarn beam to give off
exactly as much as is wanted, and the springs will then raise the bar
or rod and tighten the friction cords. The amount of friction may be
regulated at any time by tightening or slackening the winged nuts on
the eye bolts. Instead of the springs weighted, levers may be employed, 1
having a fulcrum in the centre and carrying the rod or bar at one end
and their other ends notched for carrying adjustable weights, spiral or
other springs might also be substituted, but I prefer the arrangement
first described.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention for "Improve- 1
ments in Looms for Weaving," I will now proceed to describe more
in detail the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or
carried into practical effect, and in order that the same may be clearly
understood I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of Drawings illustrative
thereof, and have marked the same with figures and letters of reference 2
corresponding with those in the following explanation thereof.
Fig. 1 in the annexed Drawing is a side elevation of part of a power
loom with my improvements shown as applied thereto; and Fig. 2 is a
back view of the same.
a, a, is the framing of the loom, and b, b, the yarn beam; c, c, is the 2
transverse tubular rod or bar which I substitute for the fixed back rest
and over which the warp threads pass from the yarn beam to the healds.
This tubular rod is carried at each extremity by the free ends of two
flat springs d, d, the other ends of which are fixed by brackets to the
side frame of the loom. Through each of these springs is passed an g
eye
bolt e, e, provided above with a nut ƒ, ƒ, the lower end of the said
bolts being connected to the friction cords y, g, which after taking two
turns round the yarn beam are connected at their other ends to spring
levers h, h, fixed to the back rail of the loom. Fig. 3 shows the appli-
In order to 3
cation of weighted levers i, i, in place of the springs d, d.
prevent the stop rod catch from slipping off the "frog" when the
shuttle stops in the shed, or from other causes does not "box," I
propose to employ a small finger or projection k, k, (see Fig. 1) which

page_text: when the stop rod catch 1, 1, falls holds it down and prevents it from
flying off the notch on the “
frog."
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention,
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be per-
formed or carried into practical effect, I wish it to be understood
that I claim as my Invention, the use of the apparatus shown in the
annexed Drawings, for causing any undue tension of the yarn to case
the friction on the yarn beam, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Ormerod, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witnessed by,
GEORGE DAVIES, C.E.,
Office for Patents,
Manchester.
JOHN ORMEROD. (L.S.)