IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING HEAVY BODIES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE RAISING AND FORGING OF FLUIDS GENERALLY
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stephen Holman, of Lawrence Pountney Lane,
in the City of London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING HEAVY BODIES, PARTS OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE RAISING AND FORGING OF
FLUIDS GENERALLY."
Sealed the 15th April 1878, and dated the 16th November 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stephen Holman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th November 1872.
I, STEPHEN HOLMAN, of Lawrence Pountney Lane, in the City of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING HEAVY BODIES,
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE RAISING AND FORCING OF
FLUIDS GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists mainly of a novel construction of crane
worked by the direct application of hydraulic power without the
intervention of wheels or other gearing, whereby a powerful, simple, and
efficient crane is produced; also to a peculiar construction of hand
pump and steam pump for working the said crane or other hydraulic
machinery, or for raising and forcing fluids generally.

page_text: One form of construction of hydraulic crane, according to my Inven-
tion, will consist of a hydraulic telescopic strut or crane post, and a
hinged or moveable lifting jib or beam, these several parts may be
variously disposed so as to obtain any desired mechanical effect. The
general mode of operation will be as follows:-One end of the lifting
lever or beam will be hinged or otherwise held to the crane post so that
it shall be free to rise or fall at the other or outer end. At any deter-
mined distance from the fulcrum, and at any required angle in relation
to the crane post I place a hydraulic strut consisting of a ram turned
true at one end and fitted to a cylinder to work and reciprocate therein,
and to be operated (by preference) by hydraulic pressure obtained either
from a self-contained pump or by any other suitable method of
supplying the required power. The outer end of the ram or strut is
connected to the moveable lifting jib by means of a jointed pin or other
pivot action or bearing, and the cylinder when used to form a part of
the strut will be attached (say for convenience, although not always
essential) to the crane post near to its base and also to work on a joint
pin or pivot.
The mode of operation will be as follows:-For example, take the
lifting jib or beam to be ten feet long and the telescopic hydraulic strut
to be placed for lifting within one foot of the fulcrum or hinged end of
the jib, it will be obvious that so applying a hydraulic lifting power
equal to 10 tons to the ram of the telescopic strut, that a load equal to
about one ton will be lifted at the outer end of the jib and a pro-
portionately greater weight at any lesser distance from the fulcrum, and
also by literally lengthening the hydraulic strut, say one foot, by
applying the necessary pressure to raise the load the outer end of the
moveable jib together with the load will be raised about ten feet; the
lowering of the load will be effected by a simple releasing valve.
Various modifications of this crane may be made to adapt it to various
requirements without departing from the main feature of the Invention.
Some modifications are as follows:-
-
First. The purchase may be applied to the lifting jib or beam by
placing the telescopic strut beyond the fulcrum, and by pushing down
the end of the jib which would be carried beyond the fulcrum to receive
the thrust, and thus raise the other end with or without the load, as the
case may be,

page_text: '
Secondly. A pulling hydraulic jack may be applied to the end of the
jib just described instead of a pushing hydraulic strut described in the
first modification.
Thirdly. The lifting jib or beam may be substituted by suspension
rods, and the telescopic strut may be made to perform the necessary
traverse equal or nearly equal to the rise of the load.
Fourthly. The hydraulic telescopic strut may be applied to large
shears used at wharves to effect any radial traverse required.
One or more cranes according to this Invention may be operated by
means of pipes. taken from detached pumps made to force either direct
to the cranes or into a hydraulic accumulator, whence the power may be
transmitted.
In some cases where a double lift is required two hydraulic struts
may be applied working on opposite sides of the fulcrum of a balance
jib or beam.
According to one arrangement of my improved hand process for
working the herein-before described crane or other hydraulic appliances,
such as hydraulic jacks or lifts employed in raising heavy ordnance and
trailing gun carriages, I employ one or two pump barrels, by preference
two, fitted from the outside into a fluid cistern or reservoir; and I fit the
delivery valves in valve boxes on the outer ends of such barrels, so as to
be readily accessible for repairs. In each of these barrels works a ram
or plunger, which may or may not be fitted with a cup leather on its
front end. Each ram is gripped by a metallic, leather, india-rubber, or
other suitable ring, which is let into an annular groove inside the
cylinder, such groove being rather wider than the ring, in order to allow
it to play freely therein with the to-and-fro motion of the ram. At the
front part of this annular groove there is an opening or openings com-
municating directly with the interior of the cistern, so that when the
ram is moved outwards the ring will uncover the said opening or
openings, and allow water to enter the cylinder or barrel; and when the
ram is forced inwards the ring will slide over and close the opening or
openings, whilst the water in the barrel is forced out through the
exhaust valve along a pipe or passage to the cylinder of the crane or
into the cylinder of a hydraulic jack or lift, or other like appliance.
An adjustable check valve in the form of a screw plug is screwed into
the said pipe or passage for the purpose of controlling the descent of the

page_text: A
load, the said valve being adjusted to the weight of the load operated
upon. The ordinary releasing valve is also employed in addition to the
check valve for lowering the apparatus, as is well understood.
vibratory lever situate outside the cistern serves to actuate the rams or
plungers before mentioned.
The improved steam pump for working the herein-before described
hydraulic crane, and which is applicable also for other purposes where a
steam pump may be required, comprises a novel mode of operating the slide
valve of the actuating cylinder, which consists in making the working
piston with a projecting ram or plunger on each side, which fits
accurately into a corresponding bored chamber made in each of the
cylinder covers. A small passage provided with a valve opening out-
wards communicates with the end of the slide valve, chest, or chamber.
When steam is admitted to either side of the steam pistons the ram or
plunger on the exhaust (which is of smaller diameter than the main:
body of the piston) is forced into its corresponding chamber in the
cylinder cover, and compresses the steam or other fluid therein, causing
it to attain a greater pressure than the normal pressure of the steam or
other fluid operating the piston. This increased pressure operates through
the passage in the cylinder cover upon the end of the slide valve, forcing it
by its elastic pressure without the intervention of any external mechanical
appliance into its proper position for the admission on to the opposite
side of the piston, the same effect taking place at the end of each stroke.
If required a division may be placed transversely in the middle of the
exhaust chamber to form a resistance against the exhaust steam, and
thereby enable the exhaust steam to assist the full opening of the slide
valve.
When desired an expansion or cut-off valve worked by a lever acted

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Stephen Holman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th May 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, STEPHEN
HOLMAN, of Lawrence Pountney Lane, in the City of London, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
36th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Stephen Holman, Her special license
that I, the said Stephen Holman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Stephen Holman, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING HEAVY BODIES, PARTS OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS AND
APPLICABLE TO THE RAISING AND FORCING OF FLUIDS
GENERALLY, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Stephen Holman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Stephen Holman, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:—
My said Invention consists, first, of a novel construction of crane
worked by the direct application of hydraulic power without the In-
vention of wheels or other gearing, whereby a powerful, simple, and
efficient crane is produced; secondly, to a peculiar construction of hand

page_text: pump and steam pump for working the said crane or other hydraulic
machinery, or for raising and forcing fluids generally.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed three Sheets of Drawings,
the corresponding parts in all the Figures throughout the several Sheets
of Drawings being marked by similar letters of reference.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) of my Drawings represents a side clevation of one
arrangement of my improved hydraulic crane; and Figure. 2 is a cor-
responding front elevation of the same. This improved construction of
hydraulic crane consists of a hydraulic telescopic strut A, and a hinged
or moveable lifting jib or beam B, which parts may be variously arranged
or disposed so as to obtain any desired mechanical effect. The general
mode of construction is as follows:-One end of the lifting lever or beam
B is hinged or otherwise held to the crane post O, at a, so that it shall
bo free to rise or fall at the other or outer end b. At any determined
distance from the fulcrum a, and at any required angle in relation to the
crane post C I place the hydraulic strut A, consisting of a ram c turned
true at one end and fitted to a cylinder d to work and reciprocate therein,
and to be operated by hydraulic pressure obtained either from a self-
contained pump, as herein-after described, or by any other suitable
method of supplying the required power. The outer end of the ram or
of the cylinder d of the strut, as shewn in Figure 1, is connected to the
moveable lifting jib B, by means of a jointed pin e or other pivot action
or bearing, whilst the cylinder or ram of the strut, as the case may be,
is attached to or takes its bearing upon (say for convenience, although
not always essential) the crane post near to its base, and also works on a
joint pin or pivot, as shown at f, in Figure 1. The mode of operation
will be as follows, for example take the lifting jib or beam B to be ten
feet long, and the telescopic hydraulic strut A to be placed for lifting
within one foot of the fulcrum or hinged end a of the jib, it will be
obvious that by applying a hydraulic lifting power equal to ten tons to
the ram of the telescopic strut A, a load equal to about one ton will be
lifted at the outer end 6 of the jib B, and that a proportionately greater
weight may be similarly lifted at any lesser distance from the fulcrum a,
and also that by lengthening the hydraulic strut A (say one foot), and by
applying the necessary pressure to raise the load the outer end 6 of the
moveable jib B, together with the load, will be raised about ten feet, the

page_text: lowering of the load being effected by the ordinary releasing valve,
governed by a check valve, as herein-after described.
Various modifications of this crane may be made to adapt it to various
requirements without departing from the main feature of the Invention,
some of these modifications may consist as follows:-First, the purchase
may be applied to the lifting jib or beam by placing the telescopic strut
beyond the fulcrum (see diagram, Figure 1, Sheet 2), and by pushing
down the end of the jib which would be carried beyond the fulcrum to
receive the thrust, and thus raise the other end with or without the load,
as the case may be; secondly, a pulling hydraulic jack may be applied to
the end of the jib just described (see Diagram, Figure 2) instead of a
pushing hydraulic strut, as described in last modification; thirdly, the
lifting jib or beam may be replaced by suspension rods B', and the
telescopic strut may be made to perform the necessary traverse equal or
nearly equal to the rise of the load (as shewn in Diagram Figure3); fourthly,
the hydraulic telescopic strut may be applied in the form of an adjustable
tension rod to large shears B used at wharves to effect any radial traverse
and lift required, as shown by the Diagram Figure 4 (Sheet 2)..
One or more cranes, constructed according to my Invention, may be
operated by means of pipes taken from detached pumps made to force
either direct to the cranes or into a hydraulic accumulator whence the
power may be transmitted.
In some cases where a double lift is required two hydraulic struts may
be applied working on opposite sides of the fulcrum of a balance jib or
beam.
Figure 8 (Sheet 1) is a longitudinal section, and Figure 4 a trans-
verse section of one arrangement of my improved hand pump, which is
combined with the cylinder of the herein-before described hydraulic strut
for working the herein-before described crane, and which may also be used
for working other hydraulic appliances such as hydraulic jacks or lifts
employed in raising heavy ordnance, and training gun carriages, as
herein-after described. In my improved hand pump I employ one or
two tubular plungers g, g, and pump barrels h, h, (by preference two,)
the said plungers g being fitted from the outside, as shewn in my
Drawing, into a fluid cistern or reservoir i formed on the top of the
cylinder d of the hydraulic strut or jack, or, if preferred, the pump
barrels may be so fitted as herein-after described. The delivery

page_text: spring valves k, k, which are grooved on their peripheries to allow of the
passage of the fluid when lifted from off their seats, are fitted into valve
boxes on the outer ends of such plungers or barrels (as the case may be)
so as to be readily accessible for repairs. The plungers g, over which the
said barrels h work may be fitted with a cup leather or other packing on
their front or inner ends. 7, 1, are the suction valves connected together by
a spindle at such a distance asunder that when one valve is closed down
against the bottom of its pump barrel / the opposite valve of the second
barrel will be open and vice versa; the peripheries of these two
valves 7, 1, are also grooved to afford free passage of the fluid past their
sides when moved away from their seats at the bottoms of the barrels by
the ingress of the fluid from the cistern i through the suction inlet m,
which is common to both barrels, as is clearly shewn in Figure 3. The
two pump barrels in the arrangement shewn in my Drawings are caused
to reciprocate longitudinally over the two fixed plungers g, but if the
barrels be fixed into the sides of the cistern i, then the rams will
be caused to reciprocate longitudinally within the barrels, the re-
ciprocation of the barrels or rams (as the case may be) may be
accomplished by a short lever arm n engaging into a notch or recess in
the casting containing the said barrels or rams, such arm being by
preference forged in one with a rocking spindle o in the upper part of
the cistern which spindle passes out at one side, where it has fitted on to
it a convenient actuating hand lever p, shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 4
(Sheet 1). The fluid is introduced into the cistern by an orifice closed
by the screw plug q.
In lieu of the arrangement of suction valves 1, 2, and suction inlet m,
already described, the arrangement shown in the sectional detail at
Figure 1 (Sheet 3) may be employed. In this arrangement each
plunger is gripped by a metallic leather, india-rubber, or other suitable
ring which is let into an annular groove inside the barrel h of the
pump, such groove being rather wider than the ring r in order to allow
the said ring to play freely therein with the to-and-fro motion of the
plunger. At the front part of this annular groove one or more openings &
are formed communicating directly with the interior of the cistern i,
so that when the ram is moved outwards the ring, will uncover the
said opening or openings 8, and thereby allow water or other fluid em-
ployed to enter the cylinder or barrel h of the pump as soon as the
plunger has been withdrawn a sufficient distance in the barrel, and when
the plunger is forced inwards the ring will slide over and close

page_text: the opening or openings 8, whilst the fluid in the barrel is forced out
through the exhaust or delivery valve k along a pipe or passage t, shewn
also in Figures 3 and 4 (Sheet 1), to the cylinder d of the crane, or into
the cylinder of a hydraulic jack or lift or other similar appliance. This
passage t communicates with an annular chamber or passage a¹, into
which the fluid first enters on its escape through the delivery valves k, k.
The annular form of the passage &² is produced by first boring a chamber
in the side of the cistern and then turning a bevel on the enlarged end
of the plunger or barrel (as the the case may_be) through which holes
are drilled transversely for the passage of the fluid from the barrel to
the cylinder of the ram. An adjustable check valve u (Figure 4,
Sheet 1) in the form of a screw plug is screwed into the pipe or passage v,
which communicates directly between the cylinder d and the cistern i
for the purpose of governing and preventing the too sudden or rapid
descent of the load, the said valve being adjusted to the weight of the
load operated upon, and being out of the control of the attendant. The
ordinary releasing valve w worked by the handle is also employed in
addition to the check valve u, as shewn in Figures 1 and 4 (Seeet 1), for
lowering the apparatus as is well understood.
Figure 1 (Sheet 3) of my Drawings represents an arrangement
whereby I work the hydraulic telescopic strut of my improved crane by
a hand pump contained in a separate cistern or tank in lieu of in a
cistern contained within the casting of the cylinder of the strut, as
herein-before described; Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same taken
along the line 1-2; Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of the
cistern and hand pumps drawn to a larger scale; Figure 4 is a corre-
sponding transverse section of the same, and Figure 5 is a plan thereof.
The beam or jib B is mounted precisely as described in reference to
Figures 1 and 2 (Sheet 1), and is here shown in its lowest position.
The ramo of the hydraulic strut A is connected at e to the beam B,
whilst the cylinder d works in a socket at ƒ on a projection cast on the
side of the crane post C. The fluid is supplied to the cylinder & by a
pipe coupled either rigidly to the cylinder d (which has very little
rocking or oscillating motion on its pivot at f), or by a jointed pipe, as
found most desirable.
The supply pipe & passes inside the crane post, and out at the bottom
to the cistern i (shown more clearly in Figures 3, 4, and 5, Sheet 3).
This cistern contains the two barrels h of a double hand pump, such

page_text: t
barrels being inserted from the outside into cases h¹ bolted for that
purpose on the sides or ends of the cistern, so as to afford easy access to
the delivery valves k, which open direct into the pipes or passages
leading to the hydraulic strut. The plungers 9 are tubular, and are
provided with a suction inlet m and suction valves 1, caused to operate
like the same valves in Figure 3 (Sheet 1); p is the actuating hand
lever fitted in a socket on the spindle o, either inside or outside
the cistern i, the Drawing shewing the lever working inside the cistern.
A short forked arm n is formed on the said lever, and embraces the
middle portion of the plungers, shoulders, or projections being cast
thereon to form a recess n¹ to receive the forked ends of the said arm n.
In Figure 5 (Sheet 3) the actuating lever and its spindle are removed.
The check valve is shewn at u for controlling the return flow of the
fluid from the cylinder d of the strut by the passage or pipe o back into
the cistern, such pipe branching from one of the pipes t, t, which
pipes may both unite in one before entering the cylinder d of the
hydraulic strut or ram A; wo is the releasing valve, and x the handle
for operating the same. The object of the check valve u is the same
as herein-before described.
My improved steam pump is shewn in longitudinal vertical section
at Figure 6 (Sheet 3). Figure 7 is a transverse section of the steam
cylinder detached, taken along the line 1-2, in Figure 6; Figure 8 is a
horizontal section of the valve chest showing the valves and steam and
exhaust ports; and Figure 9 is a sectional detail shewing the mode of
moving the said valves by hand at starting. This part of my Invention
comprises a novel mode of operating the slide valve D of the actuating
cylinder E, such valve being shewn as a piston valve in my Drawings.
For this purpose I make the working piston F with a projecting ram or
plunger G, G, on each side which fits accurately into a corresponding
bored chamber H, H', made in each of the cylinder covers. Passages pro-
vided with valves I, I', opening outwards communicate with each end of
the slide valve when steam is admitted to either side of the steam piston F,
the ram or plunger G on the exhaust side (which is of smaller diameter
than the main body of the piston) is forced into its corresponding
chamber H in the cylinder cover, and compresses the steam or other
fluid therein, causing it to attain a greater pressure than the normal
This
pressure of the steam or other fluid operating the piston.
increased pressure operates through the passage and valve I or I¹ in the

page_text: cylinder cover upon the end of the slide valve D, forcing it by its elastic
pressure without the intervention of any mechanical appliance into its
proper position for the admission of steam or other fluid on to the
opposite side of the piston F, the same effect taking place at the end of
each stroke. If required a division K may be placed transversely in the
middle of the exhaust chamber to form a resistance against the exhaust
steam, and thereby enable the exhaust steam to assist the full opening of
the slide valve.
In Figure 6 the steam is supposed to be compressed in the chamber H
(the piston moving in the direction of the arrow), and about to exert its
extra pressure upon the left-hand end of the piston slide valve, forcing
such valve over, so as to open the cylinder port 1, and cut off the steam
inlet at the right-hand end of the port 2, and at the same time allowing
the steam to exhaust through the cylinder port 3, thus admitting the
exhaust steam either through the side of the valve, as shewn in the
Drawing, or past the inner end of the valve, as preferred, into the
exhaust chamber 4, whence it escapes by the passage 5¹ of the two
exhaust passages 5, 5¹. The same operation takes place at each traverse
of the piston F. If preferred the division or block K may be dispensed
with, in which case there will be only one exhaust passage at 5, 5'. A
spindle 6 with a short lever arm 7 taking into a slot in the slide
valve spindle enables the said valve to be moved by hand at starting.
p is the piston rod connected directly to the double plungers g of the
pumps, similar to those shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5 (Sheet 3), such rod
working through a stuffing box in the side of the cistern i.
Figure 10 shews the combination of a steam cylinder E having steam
slide valves, such as last described, with two pumps situate one at each
end, and in a separate cistern of its own, the plungers g of the pumps
being connected directly to the piston rod working through stuffing
boxes in both the cylinder covers.
Figures 11 and 12 (Sheet 8) representing longitudinal section, an end
view, and arrangement for working an expansion or cut-off valve L
suitable for steam pumps by a lever M acted upon by a connection at N
on the piston rod p, which arrangement may be used either in com-
bination or not with the before-mentioned slide valve actuated by the
compressed steam or other fluid. The lever M is jointed to the piston
rod, and its upper end works freely through the boss of the disc O,
which turns freely on a centre in the standard P. This disc is slotted

page_text: on its face to receive the pin Q, which connects it to the connecting
rod R jointed to the rod of the expansion valve L. By adjusting the
pin Q nearer to or further from the centre of the disc O any determined
stroke or cut-off may be effected.
.
Figure 13 represents the combination of expansion chambers in
lieu of expansion or cut-off valves with a steam pump, cylinder, and
slide valves constructed and operated as herein-before described.
8,8¹, are two separate expansion chambers which may be either formed as
shewn or made to encircle the steam cylinder, or be detached, into which
the steam is admitted direct from the generator by connecting pipes or
passages 9, 9¹, fitted with regulating cocks 10, 10'. These expansion
chambers each communicate by a passage or opening 11, 11', with the
opposite ends of the slide valve, chest, or chamber. The steam fills these
expansion chambers and then expands from them alternately at each
traverse of the piston into opposite ends of the cylinder E, the chamber 8
in my Drawing filling with steam, whilst the steam in the other
chamber 8 is expanded into the cylinder (the piston moving in the
direction of the arrow). The exhaust takes place as herein-before
described. The inlet orifices to the chambers 8, 8¹, should be so regu-
lated by the cocks 10, 10¹, as to admit more or less steam, as may be
determined, the steam in all cases having a greater discharge through
the ports 11, 11³, than the regulated or contracted inlets at 9, 9¹, thus a
partial and proportionate degree of expansion will be effected as steam
being continually admitted into the chambers there will never be any
absolute "cut-off." 12 is the ordinary steam stop valve.
Figure 5 (Sheet 2) represents in plan one mode of applying my
improved telescopic hydraulic struts A to the training of a heavy gun
carriage; these struts consist as before described of rams c, and
cylinders d, worked by hand pumps in a separate cistern i. According
as either ram is operated the gun carriage will be moved to the right or
left.
Figure 6 is a plan of a mode of applying my herein-before described
improved hand pumps to the training of a heavy gun carriage.
Figure 7 is a plan with the gun removed, and Figure 8 is a detail herein-
after referred to. A, A, are two ordinary hydraulic rams worked by my
improved hand pumps placed in a separate cistern at i, the whole being
mounted on the gun carriage. A chain y is attached to each side of the
carriage and passes over pullies in the ends of the rams, leading thence

page_text: to two guide pullies 2, which guide the chain over two or more of the
main wheels 13, 13, of the carriage, as shewn in Figure 8; as one or
other of the rams is forced outwards the carriage will be moved to the
right or left as the case may be.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,—
First. The combination of one or more hydraulic telescopic struts or
hydraulic rams or jacks with a hinged or moveable lifting jib or beam, or
with suspension rods, or with shear legs when arranged and operating
substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein-before described
and illustrated by my drawings.
Second. The peculiar construction and arrangement of hand pumps
for working the herein-before described cranes or other hydraulio
appliances, such for example as hydraulic jacks and lifts for raising
heavy ordnance and other purposes, and for training gun carriages,
substantially as herein-before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Third. The application and use of the adjustable check valve, substan-
tially as and for the purpose herein-before described.
=
Fourth. The peculiar mode of and arrangement for operating the
slide valve of the actuating steam cylinder of a steam pump substantially
as herein-before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Fifth. The mode of operating an expansion or cut-off valve, and of
working expansively substantially as and for the purpose herein-before
described and illustrated by Figures 11, 12, and 18 (Sheet 3) of my
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Stephen Holman, have to this my