IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING METAL
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Morewood
and George Rogers at the office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their petition, on the 1st October 1852.
We EDMUND MOREWOOD and GEORGE ROGERS, both of Enfield, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING METAL" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of employing two or more pairs of rollers in
succession, so that the metal as it passes from one is taken by the next,
and so on, each succeeding pair of rollers revolving at the same or at
greater surface speed, according to the effect to be obtained. This
mode of rolling is applicable in making sheets, bars, wire, and other
forms; and we sometimes combine the processes of rolling and drawing
when making wire.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Edmund Morewood and George Rogers, in the
Great Seal Patent Office, on the 30th March 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, We,
EDMUND MOREWOOD, of Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, and
GEORGE ROGERS, of the same place, Gentlemen, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Edmund Morewood and George Rogers, Her
especial licence, that we, the said Edmund Morewood and George Rogers,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Edmund Morewood and George Rogers, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING METALS
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Edmund Morewood
and George Rogers, or one of us, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edmund Morewood and George
Rogers, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
Our Invention consists in the employment of two or more pairs of rollers
in succession, to be applied in the extension or flattening of iron, zinc,
lead, tin, copper, or the alloys or combinations of those metals, so as to
get through more work, or to obtain a combination of the advantages
of rolling and drawing; and also in some cases, such as with sheets, the

page_text: production of a flatter surface than is obtained by the ordinary methods
of extension. And in carrying out our Invention, we prefer to proceed
in the following manner. If, for instance, we wish to extend bars of
iron into thinner forms, or into rods or wire, we place in a frame two
or more pairs of rollers, one pair behind the other; we drive each
succeeding pair of rollers at a somewhat greater speed than the pair
preceding them, and in the case of the tougher metals, such as iron and
copper, the difference between the speed of the pairs of rollers we prefer
to be such that there shall be a strain on the iron or copper between
them, so as to extend it, and to assist in laying the fibres of the metal
in one direction. The end of the bar or other piece of metal is intro:
duced between the first or slowest pair of rollers, and by their revolution
it is carried forward until it reaches the succeeding pair, which, taking
hold of the metal and revolving at a greater speed than the first, causes
an extension of the metal by drawing it out, as well as by compression
between the rollers. When the metal being so treated is light, we
place a bed or guide-bar between the pairs of rollers to guide the metal
from one pair of rollers to the other. In some cases, as in the
manufacture of wire, we can substitute a die for the first pair of
rollers; but we consider the rollers preferable.
In the case of iron and copper, we prefer that those metals should be
hot; a workman, however, will understand the temperature best suited
to the metal he is operating upon (as we work at the usual temperature).
By rolling out sheets through successive pairs of rollers, as thus described,
we avoid the necessity of after cold-rolling or flattening, which tends to
harden the iron, and by the combined action of such pairs of rollers, or
combining the rolling and drawing of wire as described, we are enabled
to extend it at a more uniform temperature than by rolling with one
pair of rollers. We also obtain the advantage of drawing the fibres of
the metals in one direction.
Although we have described this mode of proceeding, which combines
the advantages of rolling and drawing, we would have it understood,
that we do not confine our claim to it, but that the drawing may be
dispensed with, and the use of the several pairs of rollers alone retained.
The rollers must be made of the materials best suited for the work

page_text: they have to perform; in most cases iron will be found the best material
for them.
When the object is only to flatten the surface of the sheets of metal,
we use much lighter rollers for the second pair than for the first, and
we work them under much less pressure than where the object is to
extend the metal by drawing it out.
In 'witness whereof, I, the .said George Rogers, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this thirtieth day of March in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
GEORGE ROGERS. (L.S.)
Witness, FRED HARRIS.