CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR IMPREGNATING LIQUIDS WITH GAS, INCLUDING BOTTLES FOR RETAINING, KEEPING, AND PRESERVING LIQUIDS SO IMPREGNATED, ALSO IN THE MANNER OF FILLING AND CLOSING SUCH BOTTLES
Year: 1840

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HAYWARD
TYLER, of Milton Street, Fore Street, Cripplegate, in the City of London, Brass
Founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS I did, by petition, humbly represent unto Her present most
Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, that after considerable application and
expence, I had invented "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR IMPREGNATING LIQUIDS WITH GAS, INCLUDING BOTTLES FOR RETAINING, KEEPING,
AND PRESERVING LIQUIDS SO IMPREGNATED, ALSO IN THE MANNER OF FILLING AND
CLOSING SUCH BOTTLES ;" and Her said Majesty being willing to give encourage-
ment to all arts and inventions which may be for the public good, was
graciously pleased by Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great
Britain, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventh day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and forty, in the third year of Her reign, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, to give and grant unto me, the said Hayward Tyler, my exors,
admors, and assigns, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I or they, by myself or themselves, or by my or their
deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I or they should agree with (and
no others), during the term of fourteen years from the date of the said
Letters Patent, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, my
said Invention within that part of Her said Majesty's Dominions called
England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
in such manner as to me, my exors, admors, and assigns, should seem
meet, and so that I or they should enjoy the whole profit and advantage
arising by reason of the said Invention during the said term of fourteen years,

page_text: and for that end Her said Majesty required and strictly commanded all Her
subjects whatsoever within England, Wales, and Berwick-upon-Tweed afore-
said, that they should not, neither directly nor indirectly, make use or put
in practice my said Invention or any part thereof, nor in any wise counterfeit,
imitate, or resemble the same, nor make any addition thereto or subtraction
therefrom, whereby to pretend himself or themselves to be the inventor or
inventors thereof; and whereas the said Letters Patent contain a proviso,
obliging me, the said Hayward Tyler, particularly to describe and ascertain
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and to cause the
same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear..
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Hayward Tyler, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described and
ascertained in manner following, and by the aid of the four sheets of Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
I will first describe the complete machinery and apparatus represented in
those Drawings, which machinery is constructed according to and contains my
said improvements; and I will afterwards point out the particular nature of
these improvements. Sheet I., Figure 1, is a lateral elevation; and Sheet II.,
Figures 2 and 3, are end elevations of a complete machine for making what is
commonly called soda water, and also for making what is commonly called
aerated lemonade, which operations being performed, one at one end of the
machine, and the other at the other end thereof, either one way, may be per-
formed by itself, or both operations may be carried on at the same time. The
whole machine is put in motion by turning the axes A of the crank C, and fly
wheel B either by manual labour applied to winch handles at one or both ends
of the axes A, as shewn in Figure 3, or else the axes A may be turned by
steam or other power in lieu of manual labour. The crank C, by means of a
connecting rod D and lever E, actuates the rods a and b of two pumps F and
G with alternate motion. The pump F is for making soda water, see Figures
1 and 2, and it is also shown in section of its real size in Figure 4, Sheet III.
The pump G is for making lemonade, see Figures 1 and 3, and it is also shewn S
in section of its real size in Figure 5, Sheet III. The section pipes d and e, c, of
the two pumps F and G, draw the requisite supplies of gas and of liquid from
suitable recepticles, and their forcing pipes f and g, j, convey the gas and liquid
into two receivers H and I, which appear like one in Figures 1, 2, and 3, but

page_text: are in reality distinct vessels. They are shewn in section of their real size in
Sheet IV., Figure 6, where the internal partition which separates them into
two vessels is shewn. Each receptacle has within it a revolving agitator K,
Figure 6, consisting of four blades or vanes projecting out from a horizontal
axes h, which is situated in the centre of the receiver, and one end of each axis
passes through a stuffing box or collar of leather to the outside, and on that
end of the axes is fixed a grooved pulley wheel k, Figures 1, 2, 3, to be
turned round by an endless band from a corresponding pulley wheel i fixed on
the main axes A of the crank; or, note, the wheels h and i may be cog wheels
with intermediate cog wheels to transmit motion from one to the other instead
of an endless band. The gas which, together with the liquid, is forced by
either pump F or G, into the corresponding receiver H or I, is retained
therein until it becomes accumulated to a very great degree of compression,
and the agitation of the liquid by the continual revolving motion of the four
blades of the agitator K, causes the liquid to absorb' the gas, so as to become
impregnated therewith; q, Figures 1, 2, 3, is a safety valve to each receiver
to permit the escape of superabundant gas, and avoid bursting the receiver in
ease the compression should be too great. A pipe proceeds from the lower
part of each receiver II, I, one towards one end of the machine, and the other
towards the other end, and each pipe ends with an upright spout L or M, to
which a bottle is to be applied to receive the liquid which has been impreg-
nated with gas, and on opening a cock or screw stop valve l or m, just above
the spout L or M, the liquid is allowed to pass out from the receiver into the
bottle, all which being the well-known mode of making soda-water, requires no
further explanation. The pump F, for making soda-water operates by an inverted
cylindrical plunger N, which is fitted into a leather collar at the lower end of
the pump barrel F, the lower end of the plunger N being fixed to a Lorizontal
cross bar n, Figures 1 and 2, which is suspended by two side rods o, o, from
another cross rod r, to the middle part of which the double pump rod a, a, is
jointed, in order to suspend the plunger N from the lever E, so that it may be
moved up and down therewith. The pump F takes in gas and liquid from its
suction pipes d into its barrel F, when the plunger N moves downwards, and
that gas is compressed as the plunger ascends again, and is then forced in its
compressed state together with the liquid out from the upper end of the
barrel F, through the forcing pipe finto the receiver H. The interior con-
struction of the pump F is explained by Figure 4, Sheet III., where the
plunger N, and the collar of leather through which it works, is clearly shown
with the screw gland, by which the leathers are held in place at the lower end
of the pump barrel F, which barrel is held fast by its projecting flange or case

page_text: standing upon and fastened by screws to a fixed cross bar of the framing, a
shewn in Figures 1 and 2. The pump has two suction valves P and Q, and tw
distinct suction pipes p and d, one bringing gas from a suitable receptacle, and
the other bringing liquid from a suitable receptacle; the gas and liquid are no
brought together until they enter into the barrel F; the two suction valves P and
Qare exactly alike, and then operate together simultaneously. They are situated
in two valve chambers R and S, which are joined to the barrel F at opposite
sides thereof at about half way up the height of the barrel. The valves P and Q
are conical plugs fitted into corresponding conical seats at the lower part of their
valve chambers R and S, and the upper ends of the valves P; and Q are four
leaves which fit into the cylindrical interior of the valve chamber, so as to
retain the valves in perpendicular positions. The suction passages connect
with the two suction pipes p and d below the conical seats, and the horizontal
R and S
side passages proceeds from the valve chambers le chamese seats, to
enter into the barrel E. The upper ends of the
R and S are
closed by screw plugs, which can be removed when required to give access to
the valves. The pump has only one forcing valve T, placed in a valve chamber
V, at the upper end of the barrel F, its construction being similar to the other
two valves P and Q. The exit passage from the upper end of the barrel E is
beneath the conical seat into which the conical plug of the valve T fits, and
the forcing pipe f is connected to the upper end of the valve chamber V by
a union joint. The valve chamber V is joined to the upper end of the barrel
by screwing. The pump G for making lemonade is double acting, or in fact
it is two distinct pumps combined in one barrel G; at the upper part of that
barrel is a collar of leathers, in which a cylindrical plunger W is fitted, and the
upper end of the plunger W being jointed to the lower end of the double
pump rod b, b, Figures 1 and 3, the plunger is moved up and down in its
S collar of leathers, and at the lower end of the plunger is a piston U, which
fits into the barrel, and the plunger W and piston U together act as a forcing
pump at the upper end for liquid (but not for gas). The interior construction
of the pump G is shewn in Figure 5, Sheet III. When the plunger W with
its piston U is moved down it takes in liquid from a suitable receptacle through
its suction pipe e, and suction valve s, into the upper part of the barrel G ; but
when the plunger W, with its piston U, is drawn up, it displaces that liquid
from the barrel G, and forces it out through the forcing valve 6 and forcing 3
pipe g, into the receiver I, that being one action of the pump G; the other
action is produced entirely by the piston U, which is surrounded with double
upped leathers fitted into the barrel G, and the piston U is fixed to the lower
nd of the plunger W, which serves as a piston rod for it to move it up and

page_text: down in the barrel G. When the piston U is drawn up it draws in gas but
without liquid) from a suitable receptacle through its suction pipe c, and
suction valve u, into the lower part of the barrel G, beneath the piston U. and
when that piston is forced down it compresses the gas which is beneath it, but
then forces the same in its compressed state through the forcing valve v,
and forcing pipe j, up into the receiver I, wherein the liquid and compressed
gas come together for impregnating the liquid with the gas. The
of the plunger W has a stem w projecting up above the joint of the double pump
upper end
rc b, b, and that stem wis received in a fixed guide to keep the plunger
perpendicular when it moves up and down. There is no connection between
the two pumps F and G or their respective pipes, and they have nothing in
common, except being mounted in the same frame and actuated by the same
lever E. But note, they may be in two distinct machines, one for making
soda water and the other for making lemonade, if that be preferred. One of
those machines would be the same as Figures 1 and 2 would be if the pump G
and its pipes together with its rods b, b, and receiver I, and pulley or cog
wheel i, (for turning its agitator,) and its spout and cock m, M, were wheily
removed or omitted; that would be a machine for making soda by the pump F
and receiver II, which would be retained and its spout and cock l, L. The
other machine would be the same as Figures 1 and 3 would be if the pump F
and its pipes, together with its rods a, a, and receiver H, and pulley or cog
wheel i, (for turning its agitator,) and its spout and cock 1, L, where wholly
removed or omitted; that would be a machine for making lemonade by the
pump G and receiver I, which would be retained and its spout and cock
m, M; or if the machine is constructed as represented in the Drawings, either
pump can be detached by disjointing its pump rod a, a, or b, b, from the
ever E, and removing the endless band from the two wheels i, k, belonging to
that pump which is so disconnected. And note, although I have mentioned
soda water and aerated lemonade, that is only by way of example, for either
kind of pump F or G may be used for impregnating with gas any kind of
iquid that is or may be required to be so impregnated for any useful purpose,
and that with any kind of gas wherewith it is desirable to impregnate a liquid
or any useful purpose, the apparatus for and the mode of obtaining and
reserving such gas being the same as is usually practised, and the gas is to be
conveyed from the receptacle wherein it is collected or retained by a pipe which
oins to one or other of the suction pipes d or p of the pump F, on to the
uction pipe c of the pump G, and so of the liquid. It is to be pressed or
etained in a suitable receptacle, as usual, and conveyed therefrom by a pipe
which joins to the contrary one of the two suction pipes d or p of the pump F, to

page_text: that one of those two to which the gas pipe, before mentioned, is joined, or to th
suction pipe e of the pump G, and each of the said suction pipes d, p, c, and e
(as well those for gas as for liquid) is provided with a regulating cock having
a handle to open or shut it, and a dial plate with an index to show how much
the cock is opened as is apparent in the Drawings, and by due regulation
of the opening of the cocks for gas and for liquid the relative quantities of eacl
is admitted into the pump, the admission of gas being regulated so as to keep
up the accumulation of gas within the receiver to its intended degree of pressure
as is shewn by the safety valve q being always nearly on the point of lifting to
allow gas to escape, but without allowing any considerable quantity to escape
in waste, all which is well known in the management of ordinary machinery of
a like nature; and respecting the double-acting pump G it is to be further
observed that its piston U operates as a forcing pump with a barrel of the
diameter of that piston to compress and force gas in the lower part of the
barrel G beneath the piston U; but the
conjoined action of the plunger W and
Jiston U, which forces liquid, operates only by the difference between the area
of the piston U and of the plunger W, which difference. by using a larger
plunger may be rendered as small as is desirable to suit the small quantity of
liquid that is required in proportion to the larger quantity of gas. The valves
of the pump G, Figure 5, are the same in construction as already described,
and may have screw plugs over them, as there shewn, to give access to them
when required. Or the forcing pipes j and g may be connected by union screw
joints, as shewn by the separate Figures, Figure t and Figure v, to the upper
ends of the valve chambers wherein the valves t and v are contained.
mode of connection is shewn in Figures 1 and 3, and then there will be no
lateral pipes and g from the valve chambers, as in Figure 5; also the suction
pipe c. Figure 5, is really in a direction at right angles to what is there shewn,
as is explained by Figures 1 and 3. The suction valve u, Figure 5, is lodged
in a cell at the bottom of the barrel G, with a perforated cover screwed into the
cell over the valve to limit its rising motion. The liquid in the upper
part of the barrel G will keep the cupped leathers of the piston v moist sc
as to render them airtight and prevent the passage of gas by the piston.
The double receiver H, I, is sufficiently explained by Figure 6, Sheet IV.;
the central partition is common to both receivers which are both of a
hemispherical form and fastened to the partition by screws and flanges. The
four projecting blades or vanes of each revolving agitator K are perforated with
holes, as shewn in Figure 6, and the four vanes of each agitator K produce
a more effectual agitation than two blades or vanes, as commonly used, and
that agitation facilitates the absorption of the compressed gas by the liquid.
This

page_text: And note, in ordinary machines as heretofore constructed for making soda
water, the pump has but one suction valve to take in both the gas and the
liquid; for although there are two separate suction pipes coming from the two
receptacles for gas and for liquid with a regulating cock in each pipe, one for
regulating the flow of gas, the other for liquid, yet those two pipes join into one
in the passage that is beneath the conical seat of the suction valve, and there
is only one such suction valve for both gas and water. Part of my said
improvements is to employ two suction valves P and Q, as already described,
one for gas and the other for liquid, which I find to operate with more certainty
than one valve with two valves. On my plan there is no admixture of the gas
and liquid until they both get into the barrel of the pump; but with only one
suction valve, the gas and liquid mix together beneath that valve which has to
operate on a mixture of gas and water, and does not operate so well as two
will do. And note, in the usual mode of making aerated lemonade or other
aerated liquids which are not quite limpid like water, but have any degree of
viscidity, it would not answer to pump both the gas and the liquid together
through the same pump into the receiver, in the manner of making soda water,
because the viscid liquid in passing along with the gas through the valves and
pipes would, by action of the pump, become converted into a froth unfit for
bottling; wherefore it is usual to introduce a proper quantity for a charge of the
liquid into the receiver, and then to force gas into the remaining upper part of
the receiver until a suitable compression of the gas is produced for impregnating
the liquid therewith by aid of the agitation by the revolving agitator, and then
the drawing-off and bottling of that charge of impregnating liquid is commenced,
but as soon as the said charge is drawn off from the receiver, the operation
must be interrupted in order to introduce a fresh charge of liquid into the
receiver, and also gas is wasted; or in some cases gas and limpid water are
bumped into the receiver together, in the same manner as for making soda
rater, so as to impregnate that water with gas, and then previous to bottling
he same, a suitable small portion of strong syrop of lemonade or other liquid
luly prepared, is put into each bottle, which is then filled up with the said
vater impregnated with gas, and by the admixture thereof with the said
ortion of prepared liquid previously put into the bottle, the required aerated
emonade or other like liquor is produced, but this latter mode of proceeding is
ot much approved. Now, another part of my said improvements is the double
cting pump G, already described whereby gas and liquid are continually pumped
to the receiver in due quantities, but without any mixture of the gas and
quid being permitted until they meet together in the receiver, the gas being
ompressed by itself and then forced in its compressed state into the receiver,

page_text: before the liquid meets it, and by that means the objection of the liquid being
converted into froth is so far obviated that the operation of making aerated
lemonade or of impregnating viscid liquids with gas may be carried on without
interruption, but continuously in like manner as in making soda water.
And note, although I prefer the double-acting pump G for this purpose,
yet, as before mentioned, that pump G is, in fact, two distinct pumps,
although combined in one barrel, and therefore the same effect n
obtained by using two distinct pumps, one of the two being a small
sized pump for forcing the liquid into the receiver, and the other a larger
sized pump for compressing gas and forcing the same in its compressed
state into the said receiver; those two pumps being both worked by the
same machinery so as to keep time one with the other, will force into
the receiver the proper relative quantities of compressed gas and liquid. The
exact regulation of those quantities being obtained by due adjustment of a
regulating cock in the suction pipe which conveys gas to, one cock, and of
a like regulating cock in the other suction pipe which conveys liquid to the
other pump. Two such pumps may be constructed according to any well-
known manner of forcing pumps. A very suitable construction for the smalle-
pump for the liquid will be the same as an ordinary plunger pump, which is
used in common soda-water machines, but with a small sized plunger, and
the other pump for the gas may be of the same construction, but with a
plunger of larger size, or else the pump for the gas may be of the same
construction as Figure 5 would be if the collar of leathers and valve boxes
at the upper part of the barrel G were omitted, leaving that barrel open at
top in the manner of an ordinary forcing pump. One of the said two pumps
may be placed in the situation of the pump F, Figure 1, and worked by the
pump rod a, and the other of those pumps may be placed in the situation of
the pump G in the said Figure, and worked by the pump rod b.
The forcing
pipes from both those pumps being joined to the same receiver either H or I,
but only one of them, the other being omitted, together with its spout, stop-
cock m, M, or 7, L, one of which is retained for bottling the liquid, which is
impregnated with gas. A machine so constructed would do for making either
soda-water or lemonade by turns, and it is another part of my said improve-
ments to employ two distinct forcing pumps in manner aforesaid, one for
liquid and the other for gas, in order to force due quantities of each into the
same receiver, without allowing the liquid to mix with the gas until the gas
is become compressed; and in cases when peculiar flavoured liquids are
required to be impregnated with gas, or whenever there is any risk or
apprehension that the liquid would receive the slightest taint from the interior

page_text: an interior
surface of the receiver, which is supposed to be tinned as usual, the receiver
itself being made of copper or else of brass, or of an alloy of copper and
tin called gun metal, or whenever the liquor would cause an objectionable
flavor in future by adherence of some of the liquor to the inside of the
5 receiver; in such cases I make the receiver to contain an interior vessel of
glass pottery or clean metal within it for holding the liquid, as represented
in section in Figure 7, Sheet III., where H is the receiver, made of sheet
copper in a cylindrical form, with the hemispherical top and bottom. The
top dome being removable by withdrawing the screws from the flange
joint x, a, by which the said dome is fastened to the receiver, and thus
vessel X, X, of glass or other suitable substance can be
introduced into and shut up close within the receiver II, by replacing and
screwing down its dome top by the screws of the flange joints x, x, there
being no fastening or connexion of the said interior vessel X, X, with the
receiver, which has the usual connexion of a pipe to convey compressed gas
into it from the pump, also for a safety valve, but no pipe, for conveying liquid
into it. Instead of that it has a short neck Y, in the dome top, closed with a
screw tap, which can be removed in order to pour in the liquid through a
corresponding hole or neck in the interior vessel X, X, by means of a funnel
so as to fill the same, without any of the liquid coming in contact with any
part of the receiver H; then the neck Y being closed and gas being
forced into the receiver by the pump as usual, that gas will become
compressed in the space around the interior vessel X, X, between it
and the receiver H, and will press on the surface of the liquid contained
in the interior vessel so as to impregnate the same same with the gas, which
being done after due time, then the impregnated liquid can be drawn off
for bottling through a pipe z, which descends within the interior vessel X,
early to the bottom thereof; the upper end of the said pipe z, passing
hrough a hole or neck in the upper end of the interior vessel, and being
oined to the pipe y, which proceeds from the receiver for drawing off
iquid therefrom for bottling. On opening the cock in that pipe y
he impregnated liquid will be forced up through the pipe z by the pressure
f the gas on the surface of the liquid in the interior vessel X, X, until the
ame is emptied as low as the lower end of the pipe 2, and when a charge of
quid has been thus impregnated and disposed of, then a fresh charge of
quid is to be introduced as before. The pipe may be of glass or of tin or
Iver, and the pipe y may be tin, or lined with tin, or with silver, and the
terior vessel may be made of tin, or may be of silver, or plated with silver,
may best suit the purpose; and if a variety of liquids which are liable to

page_text: give taste to the vessel are to be impregnated from time to time, a distinct
interior vessel may be kept for each liquid, and changed when required by open-
ing the flange joint x, x; and if agitation of such liquids is required a revolving
agitator may be applied by vanes projecting out from the pipe z, which will
serve as an axis, and that part of the pipe y to which it is joined must be
fitted through a stuffing box, so as to permit of being turned round from the
outside. It is another part of my said improvements to apply such an interior
vessel as aforesaid, respecting bottles for retaining, keeping, and preserving
liquids impregnated with gas, and in the manner of filling and closing such
bottles; and my improvement therein, which is included in the Invention for
which the said Letters Patent were granted to me. I make such bottles with
an additional small neck at the bottom or opposite end. to that where the
usual neck is made, see a section of the real size, Figure 8, Sheet IV, where
Z is the said additional neck, having a very small passage into the bottle, but
the outer orifice of that work is adapted to be stopped. by a small cork, which,
after being driven in, is tied in, and secured by a wire in the usual manner of
fastening the corks of soda-water bottles. The use of such additional neck Z
is for filling the bottle with the liquid impregnated with gas, the usual large
neck being previously closed with a proper cork, driven in very tight, and tied
in, and secured with wire. Then the bottle is held in an inverted position,
and its small additional neck Z applied to the spout M or L, Figure 1, of the
machine, which spout is adapted to fit in the interior of the neck Z at the
outer orifice thereof, where the small cork is to enter, the spout being covered
with leather as usual to render the fitting tight.
The new manner of filling the bottle consists in doing it at this additional
small neck Z, through the contracted orifice thereof, instead of at the usual
large neck, and when the bottle is so filled a small cork is properly inserted
into the small neck Z, and driven in tight, then tied and fastened by wire, all
which can be done with less loss of gas than usually takes place in filling at
the ordinary large necks, and closing the same with its cork; and although
it is thought requisite to have a neck and cork of the usual size, to enable the
contents of the bottle to be poured out quickly after the cock is removed,
nevertheless, that usual size of neck is larger than would be desirable for
filling the bottle, and it is an improvement to have a small additional neck Z
for filling the bottle, together with the usual large necks for emptying the
bottle.
Having now described my said improvements, I, the said Hayward Tyler,
do hereby declare that the new Invention, whereof the exclusive use is granted
to me by the said Letters Patent, consists, first, in the improvement herein-

page_text: before described, and represented at P, Q, Figure 4, of applying two distinct
suction valves to the forcing pump, by which gas and liquid are to be forced
together into a receiver for the purpose of impregnating such liquid with the
gas, one of those suction valves being for the gas, and the other for the liquid.
Second, in the improvement herein-before described, and represented at
Figure 5, of a double-acting forcing pump, by which gas and liquid are to be
forced separately into a reservoir, for the purpose of impregnating such liquid
with the gas, but without allowing the liquid to mix with the gas until the
has become compressed.
gas
Third, in the improvement herein-before described of applying two distinct
single-acting force pumps for the same purpose as secondly mentioned, one of
those pumps being for gas, and the other for liquid.
Fourth, in the improvement herein-before described, and represented at
Figure 7, of applying an interior vessel within the receiver, to contain the
liquid that is to be impregnated with gas.
Fifth, in the improvement herein-before described, and represented at
Figure 8, of an additional small neck to the bottles for retaining, keeping, and
preserving liquids impregnated with gas, and filling the bottles at that neck,
and closing the same with a smaller cork than usual to avoid loss of the gas.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hayward Tyler, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and forty.
(L.S.) TYLER.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the said
Hayward Tyler, in the presence of
CHA EVANS,
2, Gray's Inn Square, London, Sol*.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventh day of September, in
the year of our Lord 1840, the aforesaid Hayward Tyler came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in the form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was duly stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord One

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HAYWARD
TYLER, of Milton Street, Fore Street, Cripplegate, in the City of London, Brass
Founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS I did, by petition, humbly represent unto Her present most
Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, that after considerable application and
expence, I had invented "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR IMPREGNATING LIQUIDS WITH GAS, INCLUDING BOTTLES FOR RETAINING, KEEPING,
AND PRESERVING LIQUIDS SO IMPREGNATED, ALSO IN THE MANNER OF FILLING AND
CLOSING SUCH BOTTLES ;" and Her said Majesty being willing to give encourage-
ment to all arts and inventions which may be for the public good, was
graciously pleased by Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great
Britain, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventh day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and forty, in the third year of Her reign, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, to give and grant unto me, the said Hayward Tyler, my exors,
admors, and assigns, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I or they, by myself or themselves, or by my or their
deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I or they should agree with (and
no others), during the term of fourteen years from the date of the said
Letters Patent, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, my
said Invention within that part of Her said Majesty's Dominions called
England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
in such manner as to me, my exors, admors, and assigns, should seem
meet, and so that I or they should enjoy the whole profit and advantage
arising by reason of the said Invention during the said term of fourteen years,

page_text: and for that end Her said Majesty required and strictly commanded all Her
subjects whatsoever within England, Wales, and Berwick-upon-Tweed afore-
said, that they should not, neither directly nor indirectly, make use or put
in practice my said Invention or any part thereof, nor in any wise counterfeit,
imitate, or resemble the same, nor make any addition thereto or subtraction
therefrom, whereby to pretend himself or themselves to be the inventor or
inventors thereof; and whereas the said Letters Patent contain a proviso,
obliging me, the said Hayward Tyler, particularly to describe and ascertain
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and to cause the
same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Hayward Tyler, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described and
ascertained in manner following, and by the aid of the four sheets of Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
I will first describe the complete machinery and apparatus represented in
those Drawings, which machinery is constructed according to and contains my
said improvements; and I will afterwards point out the particular nature of
these improvements. Sheet I., Figure 1, is a lateral elevation; and Sheet II.,
Figures 2 and 3, are end elevations of a complete machine for making what is
commonly called soda water, and also for making what is commonly called
aerated lemonade, which operations being performed, one at one end of the
machine, and the other at the other end thereof, either one way, may be per-
formed by itself, or both operations may be carried on at the same time. The
whole machine is put in motion by turning the axes A of the crank C, and fly
wheel B either by manual labour applied to winch handles at one or both ends
of the axes A, as shewn in Figure 3, or else the axes A may be turned by
steam or other power in lieu of manual labour. The crank C, by means of a
connecting rod D and lever E, actuates the rods a and b of two pumps F and
G with alternate motion. The pump F is for making soda water, see Figures
1 and 2, and it is also shown in section of its real size in Figure 4, Sheet III.
The pump G is for making lemonade, see Figures 1 and 3, and it is also shewn
in section of its real size in Figure 5, Sheet III. The section pipes d and e, c, of
the two pumps F and G, draw the requisite supplies of gas and of liquid from
suitable recepticles, and their forcing pipes f and g, j, convey the gas and liquid
into two receivers H and I, which appear like one in Figures 1, 2, and 3, but

page_text: are in reality distinct vessels. They are shewn in section of their real size in
Sheet IV., Figure 6, where the internal partition which separates them into
two vessels is shewn. Each receptacle has within it a revolving agitator K,
Figure 6, consisting of four blades or vanes projecting out from a horizontal
axes h, which is situated in the centre of the receiver, and one end of each axis
passes through a stuffing box or collar of leather to the outside, and on that
end of the axes is fixed a grooved pulley wheel k, Figures 1, 2, 3, to be
turned round by an endless band from a corresponding pulley wheel i fixed on
the main axes A of the crank; or, note, the wheels h and i may be cog wheels
with intermediate cog wheels to transmit motion from one to the other instead
of an endless band. The gas which, together with the liquid, is forced by
either pump F or G, into the corresponding receiver H or I, is retained
therein until it becomes accumulated to a very great degree of compression,
and the agitation of the liquid by the continual revolving motion of the four
blades of the agitator K, causes the liquid to absorb the gas, so as to become
impregnated therewith; q, Figures 1, 2, 3, is a safety valve to each receiver
to permit the escape of superabundant gas, and avoid bursting the receiver in
case the compression should be too great. A pipe proceeds from the lower
part of each receiver II, I, one towards one end of the machine, and the other
towards the other end, and each pipe ends with an upright spout L or M, to
which a bottle is to be applied to receive the liquid which has been impreg-
nated with gas, and on opening a cock or screw stop valve l or m, just above
the spout L or M, the liquid is allowed to pass out from the receiver into the
bottle, all which being the well-known mode of making soda-water, requires no
further explanation. The pump F, for making soda-water operates by an inverted
cylindrical plunger N, which is fitted into a leather collar at the lower end of
the pump barrel F, the lower end of the plunger N being fixed to a horizontal
cross bar n, Figures 1 and 2, which is suspended by two side rods o, o, from
another cross rod r, to the middle part of which the double pump rod a, a, is
jointed, in order to suspend the plunger N from the lever E, so that it may be
moved up and down therewith. The pump F takes in gas and liquid from its
suction pipes d into its barrel F, when the plunger N moves downwards, and
that gas is compressed as the plunger ascends again, and is then forced in its
compressed state together with the liquid out from the upper end of the
barrel F, through the forcing pipe finto the receiver H. The interior con-
struction of the pump F is explained by Figure 4, Sheet III., where the
plunger N, and the collar of leather through which it works, is clearly shewn
with the screw gland, by which the leathers are held in place at the lower end
of the pump barrel F, which barrel is held fast by its projecting flange or case

page_text: standing upon and fastened by screws to a fixed cross bar of the framing, as
shewn in Figures 1 and 2. The pump has two suction valves P and Q, and two
distinct suction pipes p and d, one bringing gas from a suitable receptacle, and
the other bringing liquid from a suitable receptacle; the gas and liquid are not
brought together until they enter into the barrel F; the two suction valves P and
Qare exactly alike, and then operate together simultaneously. They are situated
in two valve chambers R and S, which are joined to the barrel F at opposite
sides thereof at about half way up the height of the barrel. The valves P and Q
are conical plugs fitted into corresponding conical seats at the lower part of their
valve chambers R and S, and the upper ends of the valves P; and Q are four
leaves which fit into the cylindrical interior of the valve chamber, so as to
retain the valves in perpendicular positions. The suction passages connect
with the two suction pipes p and d below the conical seats, and the horizontal
side passages proceeds from the valve chambers R and S above these seats to
enter into the barrel E. The upper ends of the valve chambers R and S are
closed by screw plugs, which can be removed when required to give access to
the valves. The pump has only one forcing valve T, placed in a valve chamber
V, at the upper end of the barrel F, its construction being similar to the other
two valves P and Q. The exit passage from the upper end of the barrel E is
beneath the conical seat into which the conical plug of the valve T fits, and
the forcing pipe f is connected to the upper end of the valve chamber V by
a union joint. The valve chamber V is joined to the upper end of the barrel
by screwing. The pump G for making lemonade is double acting, or in fact
it is two distinct pumps combined in one barrel G; at the upper part of that
barrel is a collar of leathers, in which a cylindrical plunger W is fitted, and the
upper end of the plunger W being jointed to the lower end of the double
pump rod b, b, Figures 1 and 3, the plunger is moved up and down in its
collar of leathers, and at the lower end of the plunger is a piston U, which
fits into the barrel, and the plunger W and piston U together act as a forcing
pump at the upper end for liquid (but not for gas). The interior construction
of the pump G is shewn in Figure 5, Sheet III. When the plunger W with
its piston U is moved down it takes in liquid from a suitable receptacle through
its suction pipe e, and suction valve s, into the upper part of the barrel G ; but
when the plunger W, with its piston U, is drawn up, it displaces that liquid
from the barrel G, and forces it out through the forcing valve 6 and forcing
pipe g, into the receiver I, that being one action of the pump G; the other
action is produced entirely by the piston U, which is surrounded with double
cupped leathers fitted into the barrel G, and the piston U is fixed to the lower
end of the plunger W, which serves as a piston rod for it to move it up and
S

page_text: down in the barrel G.
When the piston U is drawn up it draws in gas but
without liquid) from a suitable receptacle through its suction pipe c, and
suction valve u, into the lower part of the barrel G, beneath the piston U, and
when that piston is forced down it compresses the gas which is beneath it, but
then forces the same in its compressed state through the forcing valve v
and forcing pipe j, up into the receiver I, wherein the liquid and compressed
gas come together for impregnating the liquid with the gas. The upper end
of the plunger W has a stem w projecting up above the joint of the double pump
rc b, b, and that stem w is received in a fixed guide to keep the plunger
perpendicular when it moves up and down. There is no connection between
the two pumps F and G or their respective pipes, and they have nothing in
common, except being mounted in the same frame and actuated by the same
lever E. But note, they may be in two distinct machines, one for making
soda water and the other for making lemonade, if that be preferred. One of
those machines would be the same as Figures 1 and 2 would be if the pump G
and its pipes together with its rods b, b, and receiver I, and pulley or cog
wheel i, (for turning its agitator,) and its spout and cock m, M, were wholly
removed or omitted; that would be a machine for making soda by the pump F
and receiver H, which would be retained and its spout and cock l, L The
other machine would be the same as Figures 1 and 3 would be if the pump F
and its pipes, together with its rods a, a, and receiver H, and pulley or cog
wheel i, (for turning its agitator,) and its spout and cock l, L, where wholly
removed or omitted; that would be a machine for making lemonade by the
pump G and receiver I, which would be retained and its spout and cock
m, M; or if the machine is constructed as represented in the Drawings, either
pump can be detached by disjointing its pump rod a, a, or b, b, from the
lever E, and removing the endless band from the two wheels i, k, belonging to
that pump which is so disconnected. And note, although I have mentioned
soda water and aerated lemonade, that is only by way of example, for either
kind of pump F or G may be used for impregnating with gas any kind of
liquid that is or may be required to be so impregnated for any useful purpose,
and that with any kind of gas wherewith it is desirable to impregnate a liquid
for any useful purpose, the apparatus for and the mode of obtaining and
preserving such gas being the same as is usually practised, and the gas is to be
conveyed from the receptacle wherein it is collected or retained by a pipe which
joins to one or other of the suction pipes d or p of the pump F, on to the
suction pipe c of the pump G, and so of the liquid. It is to be pressed or
retained in a suitable receptacle, as usual, and conveyed therefrom by a pipe
which joins to the contrary one of the two suction pipes d or p of the pump F, to

page_text: that one of those two to which the gas pipe, before mentioned, is joined, or to the
suction pipe e of the pump G, and each of the said suction pipes d, p, c, and e,
(as well those for gas as for liquid) is provided with a regulating cock having
a handle to open or shut it, and a dial plate with an index to show how much
the cock is opened as is apparent in the Drawings, and by due regulation
of the opening of the cocks for gas and for liquid the relative quantities of each
is admitted into the pump, the admission of gas being regulated so as to keep
up the accumulation of gas within the receiver to its intended degree of pressure,
as is shewn by the safety valve q being always nearly on the point of lifting to
allow gas to escape, but without allowing any considerable quantity to escape
in waste, all which is well known in the management of ordinary machinery of
a like nature; and respecting the double-acting pump G it is to be further
observed that its piston U operates as a forcing pump with a barrel of the
diameter of that piston to compress and force gas in the lower part of the
barrel G beneath the piston U; but the conjoined action of the plunger W and
piston U, which forces liquid, operates only by the difference between the area
of the piston U and of the plunger W, which difference by using a larger
plunger may be rendered as small as is desirable to suit the small quantity of
liquid that is required in proportion to the larger quantity of gas. The valves
of the pump G, Figure 5, are the same in construction as already described,
and may have screw plugs over them, as there shewn, to give access to them
when required. Or the forcing pipes j and g may be connected by union screw
joints, as shewn by the separate Figures, Figure t and Figure v, to the upper
ends of the valve chambers wherein the valves t and v are contained. This
mode of connection is shewn in Figures 1 and 3, and then there will be no
lateral pipes and g from the valve chambers, as in Figure 5; also the suction
pipe c, Figure 5, is really in a direction at right angles to what is there shewn,
as is explained by Figures 1 and 3. The suction valve u, Figure 5, is lodged
in a cell at the bottom of the barrel G, with a perforated cover screwed into the
cell over the valve to limit its rising motion. The liquid in the upper
part of the barrel G will keep the cupped leathers of the piston v moist sc
as to render them airtight and prevent the passage of gas by the piston.
The double receiver H, I, is sufficiently explained by Figure 6, Sheet IV.;
the central partition is common to both receivers which are both of a
hemispherical form and fastened to the partition by screws and flanges. The
four projecting blades or vanes of each revolving agitator K are perforated with
holes, as shewn in Figure 6, and the four vanes of each agitator K produce
a more effectual agitation than two blades or vanes, as commonly used, and
that agitation facilitates the absorption of the compressed gas by the liquid.

page_text: And note, in ordinary machines as heretofore constructed for making soda
water, the pump has but one suction valve to take in both the gas and the
liquid; for although there are two separate suction pipes coming from the two
receptacles for gas and for liquid with a regulating cock in each pipe, one for
regulating the flow of gas, the other for liquid, yet those two pipes join into one
in the
passage that is beneath the conical seat of the suction valve, and there
is only one such suction valve for both gas and water. Part of my said
improvements is to employ two suction valves P and Q, as already described,
one for gas and the other for liquid, which I find to operate with more certainty
than one valve with two valves. On my plan there is no admixture of the gas
and liquid until they both get into the barrel of the pump; but with only one
suction valve, the gas and liquid mix together beneath that valve which has to
operate on a mixture of gas and water, and does not operate so well as two
will do. And note, in the usual mode of making aerated lemonade or other
aerated liquids which are not quite limpid like water, but have any degree of
viscidity, it would not answer to pump both the gas and the liquid together
through the same pump into the receiver, in the manner of making soda water,
because the viscid liquid in passing along with the gas through the valves and
pipes would, by action of the pump, become converted into a froth unfit for
bottling; wherefore it is usual to introduce a proper quantity for a charge of the
liquid into the receiver, and then to force gas into the remaining upper part of
the receiver until a suitable compression of the gas is produced for impregnating
the liquid therewith by aid of the agitation by the revolving agitator, and then
the drawing-off and bottling of that charge of impregnating liquid is commenced,
but as soon as the said charge is drawn off from the receiver, the operation
must be interrupted in order to introduce a fresh charge of liquid into the
receiver, and also gas is wasted; or in some cases gas and limpid water are
pumped into the receiver together, in the same manner as for making soda
water, so as to impregnate that water with gas, and then previous to bottling
the same, a suitable small portion of strong syrop of lemonade or other liquid
duly prepared, is put into each bottle, which is then filled up with the said
water impregnated with gas, and by the admixture thereof with the said
portion of prepared liquid previously put into the bottle, the required aerated
lemonade or other like liquor is produced, but this latter mode of proceeding is
not much approved. Now, another part of my said improvements is the double
acting pump G, already described whereby gas and liquid are continually pumped
into the receiver in due quantities, but without any mixture of the gas and
liquid being permitted until they meet together in the receiver, the gas being
compressed by itself and then forced in its compressed.state into the receiver,

page_text: before the liquid meets it, and by that means the objection of the liquid being
converted into froth is so far obviated that the operation of making aerated
lemonade or of impregnating viscid liquids with gas may be carried on without
interruption, but continuously in like manner as in making soda water.
And note, although I prefer the double-acting pump G for this purpose,
yet, as before mentioned, that pump G is, in fact, two distinct pumps,
although combined in one barrel, and therefore the same effect m., be
obtained by using two distinct pumps, one of the two being a small
sized pump for forcing the liquid into the receiver, and the other a larger
sized pump for compressing gas and forcing the same in its compressed
state into the said receiver; those two pumps being both worked by the
same machinery so as to keep time one with the other, will force into
the receiver the proper relative quantities of compressed gas and liquid. The
exact regulation of those quantities being obtained by due adjustment of a
regulating cock in the suction pipe which conveys gas to one cock, and of
a like regulating cock in the other suction pipe which conveys liquid to the
other pump. Two such pumps may be constructed according to any well-
known manner of forcing pumps. A very suitable construction for the smalle
pump for the liquid will be the same as an ordinary plunger pump, which is
used in common soda-water machines, but with a small sized plunger, and
the other pump for the gas may be of the same construction, but with a
plunger of larger size, or else the pump for the gas may be of the same
construction as Figure 5 would be if the collar of leathers and valve boxes
at the upper part of the barrel G were omitted, leaving that barrel open at
top in the manner of an ordinary forcing pump. One of the said two pumps
may be placed in the situation of the pump F, Figure 1, and worked by the
pump rod a, and the other of those pumps may be placed in the situation of
the pump G in the said Figure, and worked by the pump rod b. The forcing
pipes from both those pumps being joined to the same receiver either H or I,
but only one of them, the other being omitted, together with its spout, stop-
cock m, M, or l, L, one of which is retained for bottling the liquid, which is
impregnated with gas. A machine so constructed would do for making either
soda-water or lemonade by turns, and it is another part of my said improve-
ments to employ two distinct forcing pumps in manuer aforesaid, one for
liquid and the other for gas, in order to force due quantities of each into the
same receiver, without allowing the liquid to mix with the gas until the gas
is become compressed; and in cases when peculiar flavoured liquids are
required to be impregnated with gas, or whenever there is any risk or
apprehension that the liquid would receive the slightest taint from the interior

page_text: surface of the receiver, which is supposed to be tinned as usual, the receiver
itself being made of copper or else of brass, or of an alloy of copper and
tin called gun metal, or whenever the liquor would cause an objectionable
flavor in future by adherence of some of the liquor to the inside of the
receiver; in such cases I make the receiver to contain an interior vessel of
glass pottery or clean metal within it for holding the liquid, as represented
in section in Figure 7, Sheet III., where H is the receiver, made of sheet
copper in a cylindrical form, with the hemispherical top and bottom. The
top dome being removable by withdrawing the screws from the flange
joint x, x, by which the said dome is fastened to the receiver, and thus
an interior vessel X, X, of glass or other suitable substance can be
introduced into and shut up close within the receiver H, by replacing and
screwing down its dome top by the screws of the flange joints x, x, there
being no fastening or connexion of the said interior vessel X, X, with the
receiver, which has the usual connexion of a pipe to convey compressed gas
into it from the pump, also for a safety valve, but no pipe, for conveying liquid
into it. Instead of that it has a short neck Y, in the dome top, closed with a
screw tap, which can be removed in order to pour in the liquid through a
corresponding hole or neck in the interior vessel X, X, by means of a funnel
so as to fill the same, without any of the liquid coming in contact with any
part of the receiver H; then the neck Y being closed and gas being
forced into the receiver by the pump as usual, that gas will become
compressed in the space around the interior vessel X, X, between it
and the receiver H, and will press on the surface of the liquid contained
in the interior vessel so as to impregnate the same same with the gas, which
being done after due time, then the impregnated liquid can be drawn off
for bottling through a pipe z, which descends within the interior vessel X,
nearly to the bottom thereof; the upper end of the said pipe z, passing
through a hole or neck in the upper end of the interior vessel, and being
joined to the pipe y, which proceeds from the receiver for drawing off
liquid therefrom for bottling. On opening the cock in that pipe y
the impregnated liquid will be forced up through the pipe z by the pressure
of the gas on the surface of the liquid in the interior vessel X, X, until the
same is emptied as low as the lower end of the pipe z, and when a charge of
liquid has been thus impregnated and disposed of, then a fresh charge of
liquid is to be introduced as before. The pipe may be of glass or of tin or
silver, and the pipe y may be tin, or lined with tin, or with silver, and the
interior vessel may be made of tin,.or may be of silver, or plated with silver,
as may best suit the purpose; and if a variety of liquids which are liable to

page_text: give taste to the vessel are to be impregnated from time to time, a distinct
interior vessel may be kept for each liquid, and changed when required by open-
ing the flange joint x, x; and if agitation of such liquids is required a revolving
agitator may be applied by vanes projecting out from the pipe z, which will
serve as an axis, and that part of the pipe y to which it is joined must be
fitted through a stuffing box, so as to permit of being turned round from the
outside. It is another part of my said improvements to apply such an interior
vessel as aforesaid, respecting bottles for retaining, keeping, and preserving
liquids impregnated with gas, and in the manner of filling and closing such
bottles; and my improvement therein, which is included in the Invention for
which the said Letters Patent were granted to me. I make such bottles with
an additional small neck at the bottom or opposite end to that where the
usual neck is made, see a section of the real size, Figure 8, Sheet IV., where
Z is the said additional neck, having a very small passage into the bottle, but
the outer orifice of that work is adapted to be stopped by a small cork, which,
after being driven in, is tied in, and secured by a wire in the usual manner of
fastening the corks of soda-water bottles. The use of such additional neck Z
is for filling the bottle with the liquid impregnated with gas, the usual large
neck being previously closed with a proper cork, driven in very tight, and tied
in, and secured with wire. Then the bottle is held in an inverted position,
and its small additional neck Z applied to the spout M or L, Figure 1, of the
machine, which spout is adapted to fit in the interior of the neck Z at the
outer orifice thereof, where the small cork is to enter, the spout being covered
with leather as usual to render the fitting tight.
The new manner of filling the bottle consists in doing it at this additional
small neck Z, through the contracted orifice thereof, instead of at the usual
large neck, and when the bottle is so filled a small cork is properly inserted
into the small neck Z, and driven in tight, then tied and fastened by wire, all
which can be done with less loss of gas than usually takes place in filling at
the ordinary large necks, and closing the same with its cork; and although
it is thought requisite to have a neck and cork of the usual size, to enable the
contents of the bottle to be poured out quickly after the cock is removed,
nevertheless, that usual size of neck is larger than would be desirable for
filling the bottle, and it is an improvement to have a small additional neck Z
for filling the bottle, together with the usual large necks for emptying the
bottle.
Having now described my said improvements, I, the said Hayward Tyler,
do hereby declare that the new Invention, whereof the exclusive use is granted
to me by the said Letters Patent, consists, first, in the improvement herein-

page_text: before described, and represented at P, Q, Figure 4, of applying two distinct
suction valves to the forcing pump, by which gas and liquid are to be forced
together into a receiver for the purpose of impregnating such liquid with the
gas, one of those suction valves being for the gas, and the other for the liquid.
Second, in the improvement herein-before described, and represented at
Figure 5, of a double-acting forcing pump, by which gas and liquid are to be
forced separately into a reservoir, for the purpose of impregnating such liquid
with the gas, but without allowing the liquid to mix with the gas until the
gas has become compressed.
Third, in the improvement herein-before described of applying two distinct
single-acting force pumps for the same purpose as secondly mentioned, one of
those pumps being for gas, and the other for liquid.
Fourth, in the improvement herein-before described, and represented at
Figure 7, of applying an interior vessel within the receiver, to contain the
liquid that is to be impregnated with gas.
Fifth, in the improvement herein-before described, and represented at
Figure 8, of an additional small neck to the bottles for retaining, keeping, and
preserving liquids impregnated with gas, and filling the bottles at that neck,
and closing the same with a smaller cork than usual to avoid loss of the gas.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hayward Tyler, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and forty.