matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' SHAWLS AND CLOAKS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Parkinson at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October
1862.
I, FREDERICK PARKINSON, of the Firm of A. Goldsmith & Co., of 114,
Wood Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' SHAWLS AND CLOAKS," to be as
follows (that is to say)
My Invention has reference to "improvements in ladies' shawls and cloaks,
with the view of manufacturing the same so as to render them suitable for
being worn on either side and at the same time possess in appearance and
character two distinct shawls, and consists in forming or producing the same of
separate materials arranged and secured with their inner surfaces together,
admitting of the reverse sides being folded over or outwards as required, the
ends being left unsecured for that purpose, and edgings or trimmings corre-
sponding to the same employed in like manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF STOPPING OR RETARDING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Christian Meyer, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st May 1862.
I, HERMANN CHRISTIAN MEYER, of Ashford Street, Hoxton, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF STOPPING OR RETARDING RAILWAY AND
OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
I use the weight of the carriages or their motive power as brake power, to
which end I shift or turn the axles or bearings and use excentric axles or
bearings, or raise or lower the bearings by any other motion, or reverse the
excentric axles or excentric bearings generally, thus forcing the wheels
towards a brake fixed on the body of the carriage; or I lower the body of the
carriage (with fixed stays and brakes) on to the rails or roadway. The
bearings for railway carriages should be excentric and each have a moveable
stopper or pawl so as to prevent them from turning. The moveable stopper
or pawl is raised by a lever or other suitable motion. The levers to be con-
nected by connecting rods or chain couplings to a friction gear on the driving
axles of the locomotive or engine. The friction gear to be double acting for
both forwards and backward motion of the engine. The friction gear to have
a hand lever within reach of the driver or person in charge of the brake.
When the hand lever is moved it will act so as to wind up a chain connected
to the levers and so liberate the excentric bearings, when the latter will make

page_text: a partial turn, and so lower the brakes which are fixed under the frame of the
carriages above the wheels. Or the brakes are to be fixed before or behind
the wheels or stays, and are of such length that they will reach to within a
short distance of the rails, and in this case, by liberating the bearings which
will turn by the weight of the carriage, and so the latter will sink on to the
rails or road, and the wheels will then clear the rails or road. The excentric
bearings being made to give a greater throw than the distance of the said
stays from the rails or road. After having stopped or retarded the train or
carriage by the above means, to set them in motion again there is fixed on the
excentric bearings a lever connected by connecting rods and coupling chains
to a second double-acting friction gear drum, with hand lever in reach
of the driver or person in charge of the brake. By moving this lever
the drum will revolve and wind up the loose chain, and so with the
power of the engine or animal power turn all the excentric bearings into
their proper position, this moveable stopper drops and the carriages will
proceed.
Various motions may be applied which will have the same effect as
excentric bearings or
or excentric axles. On common road carriages, as
omnibusses and the like, the application of the excentric bearing or excentric
axles will cause the axle itself to make a partial turn when break power is to
be applied, although the axle will, as usual, remain fixed when the carriage is
in progress.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR GAINING OR ACQUIRING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
January 1862. A communication from abroad by Hugus Sarrazin, of
15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR GAINING OR ACQUIRING MOTIVE POWER," (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Hugus Sarrazin, of 15, Passage des
Petites Ecuries, Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
This apparatus consists of a trough partially filled with water. In this
trough is made to rotate (by means of cog wheels and pinions, pullies, or any
suitable gearing,) a wooden or metal drum or cylinder, supported on
horizontal shaft, and having on its outer surface a number of sacks or pockets
(of leather, caoutchouc, or some woven or other suitable fabric,) into each of
which enters a couple of tubes, the other ends of which are socketed on the
drum, and provided with a small toothed wheel, the rotation of which opens
or shuts a tap placed in the tube, accordingly as the motion sets in one
direction or the other. As the drum rotates it works a pair of bellows,
injecting into each pocket as it passes beneath the water sufficient air to fill
and swell it out, giving it a tendency to rise to the surface of the liquid, where
the air is permitted to escape, and the pocket collapses, to be again inflated,
when by the continued rotation of the drum it again passes beneath the water.

page_text: It will be readily understood that the pockets being filled with air, when under
water, naturally endeavour to rise to the surface of the liquid, and thus cause
the drum to continue its rotation at more or less speed according to the
number and capacity of the pockets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS APPLY TO SIGNALS USED WITH STEAM PLOUGHS OR CULTIVATORS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Green at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th February
1862.
I, JOHN GREEN, of Newtown, in the Parish of Saint Martin, in the County
of Worcester, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING, WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS APPLY TO SIGNALS USED WITH STEAM PLOUGHS OR CULTIVATORS," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in the employment of a cord or rope formed of wire
or other material through which signals from the ploughmen or anchormen
can be made to the engineer. In order to effect this, I attach one extremity
of the cord or wire to a pulley or drum, which is fixed on the framework of
the engine or windlass in any suitable manner. The other extremity of the
wire is attached to the anchor and plough, and consequently will be extended
from one side of the field to the other. By this means the ploughmen and
anchormen can signal to the man in charge of the engine or windlass. The
wire or cord is kept at the required tension by means of two cog wheels of
suitable diameters with corresponding pullies or drums acted on by a weight.
This last apparatus is fixed on the engine or windlass, and is connected with a
whistle or bell, or anything which can be conveniently used for the purpose of
attracting the attention of the man at the engine or windlass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF. BUTTONS, AND IN, THE MODE OF FASTENING THE SAME
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May 1862.-
A communication from abroad by Mr. Henry Dupont, of 29, Boulevart
St. Martin, Paris, Waistcoat Maker.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF. BUTTONS, AND IN, THE MODE OF
FASTENING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of buttons, which are secured by
means of screws to the fabric or other part to which they may be applied
without being sewn, as in ordinary. I have represented in the annexed
Drawing one arrangement of these improved buttons.
Fig. 1 shows a front view of a button, Fig. 2 an edge view, and Fig. 3 a
central vertical section of same; Fig. 4 shows a back view of the button; in
Fig. 5 the button is seen attached to a piece of cloth or other material; while
Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13, represent details to be herein-after
described. In these Figures the same letters of reference indicate the same
parts seen in different positions.
a, ordinary button, covered with suitable material 6, on a foundation or disc c
of wood or other suitable substance; d, shank, separately represented at Fig. 7,
formed of a hollow tube with an interior screw thread, it is further furnished
at one end with a screw e for fixing the shank to the button c; f, socket,

page_text: separately represented at Figs. 8, 9, and 10, which is made hollow like the
shank d, also having a screw g for screwing it into said shank d; h, space in
socket f; i, groove at one end of same; j, pin, represented in detail at
Figs. 11 and 12; this pin is furnished with a large head k, the stem being of
a conical form with a small part for entering the groove i in socket f;
m, fabric to which the button is secured.
From the foregoing description of the parts the method of fixing the button
in position will be easily understood. Thus, the parts being arranged as repre-
sented at Fig. 2, the socket f being connected to the shank d of the button, and
the pinj in socket f, in order to fix the button the head of the pin is turned,
or it may be the button itself, carrying with it the socket f, the latter, with the
pin, are then free to be withdrawn from the shank d. When the pinj and
socket fare in the position shown at Fig. 13, the pin j is withdrawn from the
socket by passing the small part of the pin through the groove i in said
socket. The pin is then thrust through the fabric at the part where the
button is to be fixed and replaced in position in the socket in the same manner
as for withdrawing it. The button is then turned, which causes the socket f to
re-enter the part d; in this manner the fabric will be secured between the
head of the pin and the flange n of the button shank d. The part n is
furnished with grooves to prevent the button becoming loose or detaching
itself.
1
An IMPROVED SCREW LINCH PIN FOR CARRIAGES AND AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
October 1862.
I, JOSEPH SMITH, of Egdon, near Worcester, in the County of Worcester,
Blacksmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "An
IMPROVED SCREW LINCH PIN FOR CARRIAGES AND AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention of an improved screw linch pin for carriages and agricultural
implements consists in making an aperture in the linch pin large enough to
receive a screw, a hole is then drilled from the end of the arm up to the linch
pin, and the screw is then applied and fixed in the aperture of the linch pin;
this arrangement preventing the possibility of the linch pin falling out. This
contrivance will prevent accidents occurring by the linch pin coming out of
its place, and the arm is always kept cool, thus preventing the wheels being
fired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA-RUBBER AND OTHER TOBACCO POUCHES OR PURSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Posener and Adolphe
Posener at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th September 1862.
We, DAVID POSENER and ADOLPHE POSENER, both of Rupert Street, Hay-
market, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA-RUBBER AND OTHER
TOBACCO POUCHES OR PURSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the construction of
pouches intended to contain tobacco, or for use as purses in such a manner
that the contents thereof shall be more securely enclosed, and that there shall
be less liability of losing such contents during the operation of opening and
closing the pouch than is the case with the pouches or purses at present in
use.
We propose to form the pocket of the pouch of the ordinary shape, but to
ensure the safety of the contents we add a flap to the mouth thereof, and
instead of it being necessary for the cover of the pouch to be turned inside
out as is now the case in order to enclose the pocket, we form the outer
covering by cutting out a crescent shaped or curved piece therefrom in order
that the pocket may be turned over, and its bottom part inserted or pushed
under the curved opening, whereby it is easily retained. Thus it is never
necessary to turn the protecting cover inside out, the pocket of the pouch
being merely folded over, and inserted as just described.
For tobacco pouches we propose to form a division in the centre of the

page_text: pocket for the purpose of holding two different kinds of tobacco, the flap before
mentioned covering both, or to prevent the partial admixture of the tobaccos,
the division may be continued into the form of a flap, or the flap or upper part
of the division may be made in duplicate for the purpose of covering the
mouths of both pockets.
For travelling purposes, where it is desired to carry a larger quantity of
tobacco than usual, we propose to form a duplicate pocket arranged back to
back, one having a flap, which is protected by the crescent-shaped opening,
and the other being protected by the turning over of the pockets in order
to insert the flap in the opening.
For tobacco it would be advisable to form the pocket of the pouch of india-
rubber, or of india-rubber and cloth combined, for the purpose of keeping the
tobacco moist, it not being necessary for the cover or crescent-shaped pieces
to be of an elastic material, as the cover is not required to be stretched or
turned inside out, the bottom of the pocket being merely inserted under such
piece, which may therefore be of leather or cloth, but for purses leather would
be the most suitable material, or a combination of leather, silk, or cotton
fabric.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Griffiths at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th April
1862.
I, JOHN GRIFFITHS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that system of propelling by water where motive-
power, steam, or other engines are employed to work pumps or propelling
cylinders, which take in and force out water through the hulls of the said ships
or other navigable vessels, such water being ejected under the water line at
an angle, or in direction towards the bow or stern, will cause a vessel to move
in the opposite direction to the ejected current ahead, astern, or otherwise, as
desired. The pumps may be single or double acting, and are placed by
preference athwart ship, alongside direct-acting engines in or about that part
of the vessel deepest in the water. To each of the said pumps, if single
acting, are two communications by tubes with the water outside the vessel, the
terminations of which are made to direct the water taken in by the action of
the pumps or propelling cylinders, and displacement of the vessel downwards,
and at an angle to the keel. In the tubes above-named, or in or about the
tubes or pumps, parts or the whole of which may be covered with water
confined in a tight compartment, are throttle or other valves so placed and
under the control of the engineer that by moving the necessary levers he
can alter or reverse the course of a ship without stopping or reversing the
engines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING SLIP, GLAZE, AND OTHER POTTERS' MATERIALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas John Robotham and
Nathan Hackney, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th January 1862.
We, THOMAS JOHN ROBOTHAM, of Burslem, Chemist, and NATHAN HACKNEY,
of Hanley, Agent, both in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING SLIP, GLAZE, AND
OTHER POTTERS' MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in purifying slip, glaze, and
other potters' materials. Heretofore, it has been proposed to purify slip, glaze,
and other potters' materials by passing them through a narrow trough in which
are placed a series of electro-magnets for the purpose of extracting any iron
or other magnetic substances incorporated with the materials, but the appa-
ratus has been so arranged as to carry the slip, glaze, and other materials.so.
rapidly out of the province of the magnets, that the clearing is but very im--
perfectly effected by them. Now our Invention consists in causing the slip,
glaze, or other potters' materials to pass through a box divided into compartments
by partitions, in one end of each of which partitions holes or passages. are so
formed that the materials being fed into a compartment at one end of the box,
may pass successively through each of the compartments, and the passages are
formed at alternate ends of the partitions, so that the materials are caused to
pass from end to end of each compartment, and the materials pass-away from

page_text: the bottom of the last compartment through a pipe, in which is a tap to
regulate the flow of the materials. In each compartment are placed two or
more "horse-shoe" electro-magnets, and the magnets are placed so that their
poles alternate, and the magnets in all the compartments are worked from
one battery, the wires from like poles of the magnets being all connected
together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wessely at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July
1862.
I, CHARLES WESSELY, of 22, Canterbury Place, Lambeth Road, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The load and weight of the body of the carriage rests wholly or chiefly upon
the nave of the carriage wheels without bearing upon the axletree, viz.,
cranked axletree. This is effected by means of antifriction wheels, which
bear upon the naves of the above-mentioned carriage wheels, and turn con-
centric around steel trunnions. These steel trunnions are fixed each in the
upper part of a vertical piece of flat iron, whose lower end encompasses, by
means of clutches, the vertical parts of the crank axletree in such a way as
to allow an up and down sliding of the former. Unto these pieces of flat iron
the body of the carriage is attached either by means of springs or directly.
A knuckle is formed on the piece of flat iron just above the highest point of
the crank axle, so as to form a rest for the whole load upon the crank axle
in case the trunnion of the antifriction wheels should give way, and thus
move on like common vehicles.
may
By this construction I effect, firstly, the possibility of moving heavy loads
by smaller power through application of my antifriction wheels and carriage
wheels of large size.

page_text: Secondly, great stability, by placing the centre of gravity comparatively
very low.
Thirdly, easy way of loading and unloading, by the low position of the body
of the carriage.
Fourthly, prevention of all accidents, in consequence of the peculiar sus-
pension of the body of the carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF COLOURS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Smith and Casimir Tiesset
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
27th January 1862.
We, WALTER SMITH, of the City of Manchester, Corn Factor, and CASIMIR
TIESSET, of Boulogne-sur-Mer, in the Empire of France, Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF COLOURS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING," to be as follows:-
The nature of our Invention consists in the application of an essential or
volatile oil or liquid produced by a distillation or preparation of oily, fatty,
oleaginous or saponaceous matters, to the manufacture of colours for dyeing
and printing. The essential or volatile oil thus produced, when acted upon
by certain chemical reagents, forms an organic basis by which the requisite
colours or shades of colours are produced. This organic basis whether derived
by the distillation or other preparation of oily, fatty, oleagenous, or saponaceous
matters or otherwise, is applied either alone or in combination with other
materials to the manufacture of colours.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Churchyard Steed at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
May 1862.
I, ROBERT CHURCHYARD STEED, of Aylesford Street, St. George's Square,
Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON
RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain arrangements whereby the attention of
engine drivers is readily attracted in cases of danger. In the centre of the
space between the "up" and "down" lines of rails, and at regular distances
from each other, wheels are fixed vertically, their axes being supported in
proper bearings, and having on their peripheries hand spokes or levers, for the
purpose of adjusting the positions of the wheels. At suitable parts of the
peripheries of the wheels projecting arms or flanges are attached, the same
being made of a partially elastic material, or so constructed as not to be abso-
lutely rigid. Each engine is provided with a bell attached thereto, so that when
the said wheels are placed with the arms or flanges at the top thereof, the bell
is struck, thereby giving the signal of "danger" to the engine driver. Tho
bell is fixed to an arm projecting from the side of the engine, such arm being,
if desired, partially elastic, and springs being placed on each side thereof, so as
to assist the same in returning to its position after the bell has been struck.
The wheels are connected together by means of ropes, wires, or chains

page_text: attached to the peripheries thereof and holding the same in position. By
turning the wheels a quarter round, the projecting arms or flanges can be raised
or depressed, and the signals put "on" or "off," as may be desired. As a
series of wheels can be actuated and placed in position at very considerable
distances from any given point, this Invention is particularly applicable in
tunnels, and at other parts of railways where caution is especially necessary.
Upon any accident or obstruction occurring, the wheels are placed in position
with the danger signals" on," thus giving-warning to the drivers of succeeding
engines. When all danger, has ceased, the signals are put "off," and the
engines pass without any alarm being given.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Martin Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th March 1862.
I, ROBERT MARTIN ROBERTS, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex,
Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as fol-
lows:-
This Invention consists in using for obtaining and applying motive power
or force a weighted wheel, the weight being placed at a given point of the
circumference thereof (or only a projecting lever or radius weighted at its end)
such wheel (or lever or radius) having affixed to the axis or shaft thereof
and turning therewith an eccentric so set on the aforesaid axis or shaft that
the rim of such eccentric shall always be nearest to the weight on the wheel (or
lever or radius aforesaid). This eccentric to be arranged so as to continuously
work into an eccentric opposite thereto, fixed in the like manner as aforesaid
on the axis of another and similar weighted wheel (or lever or radius). The
two wheels and eccentrics so arranged as aforesaid cause the weights to traverse
a portion of the circle (the one weight pulling opposite to the other), and
in order to traverse the other part of the circle two, four, or more precisely
similar weighted wheels (or levers or radii) and eccentrics working in conjunc-
tion as aforesaid are connected (by wheel gearing for instance) with the afore-
said arrangement of weighted wheels or levers or radii and eccentrics. The

page_text: weights on the wheels are to be so placed and the eccentrics so arranged with
regard to each other that whilst (upon the first impetus being given by moving
one of the wheels) one weight will carry on rotation through one arc of
the circle, another weight shall carry on through another until the entire
circle of rotation shall be effected, when another circle of rotation will begin,
From one of the axles power may be applied to any purpose
required. Instead of weights applied to the circumference of the weighted
wheel, electric or magnetic force might be applied to the wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF BEVERAGES IN CONNECTION WITH BREWING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Welton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1862.
I, THOMAS WELTON, of No. 18, Grafton Street, Fitzroy Square, in 'the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF BEVERAGES IN CONNECTION WITH BREWING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a new series of beverages or
drinks, the base to be of beer or ale brewed in the usual manner of malt (but
I prefer pale malt), with or without hops, and I then mix or flavor the same
with the vegetable juices, syrups, or flavorings extracted or expressed from
fruits or dried fruits. Those fruit juice flavorings may be mixed either at the
time of mashing the malt or afterwards, as at the time of fermentation or after
fermentation has ceased. The fruits I prefer are cherries, raspberries, straw-
berries, and pine apples; and of dried fruits, raisins, prunes, and figs.
By this Invention I manufacture beer or ale flavored with any desired fruit,
thus producing a series of new beverages or drinks.

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Welton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1862.
I, THOMAS WELTON, of No. 13, Grafton Street, Fitzroy Squaro, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF BEVERAGES IN CONNECTION WITH BREWING,"
to bo as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a new series of beverages or
drinks, the base to be of beer or ale brewed in the usual manner of malt (but
I prefer pale malt), with or without hops, and I then mix or flavor the samo
with the vegetable juices, syrups, or flavorings extracted or expressed from
fruits or dried fruits. These fruit juice flavorings may be mixed either at the
time of mashing the malt or afterwards, as at the time of fermentation or after
fermentation has ceased. The fruits I prefer are cherries, raspberries, straw-
berries, and pine apples; and of dried fruits, raisins, prunes, and figs.
By this Invention I manufacture beer or ale flavored with any desired fruit,
thus producing a series of now beverages or drinks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COLOURING OR DYEING OF HORSEHAIR TRESSES, HATS, OR ORNAMENTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacques Dothée at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th February
1862.
I, JACQUES DOTHÉE, of Paris, France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COLOURING OR DYEING
OF HORSEHAIR TRESSES, HATS, OR ORNAMENTS," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in colouring or dyeing horsehair tresses, bats,
or ornaments in any required colour or shade by means of vegetable or
mineral colours, mixed up or diluted with spirits of wine, collodium, or other
suitable rapidly volatilizing menstruum, or a mixture of two or more of such
menstrua, which, by rapidly volatilizing do not allow sufficient time for the
horsehair to crisp or distort, as would be the case of other non-rapidly
volatilizing menstrua were to be made use of. For colouring or dyeing, for
instance, a horsehair hat, the same is put in the usual manner on the block,
and then rubbed all over with a brush dipped into a solution or mixture of the
pigment with spirits of wine, or other suitable rapidly vaporizing menstruum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING CHARGES FOR FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Willis Fleming at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
June 1862.
I, THOMAS WILLIS FLEMING, of No. 10, Lancaster Gate, Bayswater, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING CHARGES FOR FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing charges for
fire-arms. When preparing charges for fowling pieces I enclose the shot in
a cylindrical case of paper or other thin and easily broken material; this case
I make of a diameter to correspond with the bore of the gun. To the rear
end of this case I attach the propelling charge, consisting of a cylinder of
compressed gunpowder with a hole in one end of it, and I provide the rear
end of the shot case with a projecting peg which I make by preference by
screwing up the paper of which the shot case is formed; this peg I introduce
into the hole in the compressed cylinder of gunpowder, which thus becomes
attached. In order to protect the compressed cylinder of powder from injury
from being carried in the pocket or otherwise, I employ a cap of pasteboard,
which fits over the cylinder of powder and on to the projectile or case con-
taining the projectiles. In making ball cartridge I paper the projectile in
the usual manner and screw up the paper so as to make a peg at the rear of
the projectile, and this peg I make to enter a liole in a charge of compressed
gunpowder, as in the case of the sporting cartridge, and thus I attach the

page_text: propelling charge to the projectile. The peg need not necessarily be formed
of paper, but is most conveniently so made. The connection between the
compressed propelling charge and the projectile or case containing projectiles
may be made by cement, but this is not desirable as it more or less injures
the gunpowder. Charges for cannon of small size may be similarly
prepared.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PROTECTING STEAM BOILERS FROM INCRUSTATION
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Webster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June
1862.
I, JOHN WEBSTER, of 142, Woodbridge Road, Ipswich, in the County of
Suffolk, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MEANS OF PROTECTING STEAM BOILERS FROM INCRUSTATION," to be as
follows:-
In the use of steam boilers considerable inconvenience is now commonly
caused by the earthy and saline matters contained in the water being deposited
on the interior of the boiler; various chemical means have been employed for
the prevention of such deposit, but all of these are more or less injurious to
the boiler.
Now my Invention consists in causing the earthy and saline matters
which heretofore have been deposited on the boiler to be precipitated by electric
currents on another surface. One mode of carrying out the said Invention
is to set up an electric action by the contact of two metallic surfaces; thus in
an ordinary steam boiler I place in contact with each other a sheet of copper
and a sheet of zinc (these I mention as the metals I believe to be most suitable);
these I immerse in the water in the boiler, and I insulate them, as far as
metallic contact is concerned, from the boiler; it will then be found that all
the earthy and saline matters held in solution in the water will be deposited
on the said copper plate or plates, which can from time to time be taken out of

page_text: the boiler for the purpose of cleansing; the entire interior surface of the boiler
will thus be preserved clean. In tubular boilers tubes of copper and zinc
placed in contact and arranged so as to be readily removeable, may be used
as the means of collecting or throwing down the earthy and saline matters. Or
a chain or wire rope of zinc and copper in contact can be made to travel round
the surface of the boiler or between the tubes. Other metals and substances
may be used in order to set up the requisite electric action, and the forms
and arrangements in which they are applied may be varied.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th March
1862.
I, JAMES JONES, of Mersey Bank, Warrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in raising and forcing liquids by
means of a piston and cylinder, which is closed at the top, and provided with
a stuffing box for the passage of the piston rod, which is acted upon by a
screw or other equivalent for regulating the position of the piston in the
cylinder. The lower end of the cylinder is either entirely open, or furnished
with a lid, having an opening for the pipe, through which the liquid to be
raised enters the cylinder; the piston is brought down in the cylinder till it
bears upon the liquid, which is then forced up a pipe in communication with
the cylinder, and elevated to the required level by the force of the ascending
liquid, or by the action of the piston; the piston is provided with valves to
allow the liquid in the upper part of the cylinder to pass when the piston is
being raised.
AN IM- PROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING SURFACES OF WOOD
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Amphlet at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October
1862.
I, SAMUEL AMPHLET, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING SURFACES OF WOOD," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in ornamenting surfaces of wood by mounting
directly thereon photographs of objects from which the background has been
cut away, the surface of the wood on which the said photographs are mounted
constituting the background to the said photographs. Or the said photographs
may be mounted upon plain, colored, or ornamented paper or fabric secured to
the middle or other part of the surface of wood to be ornamented, the size of
the said paper or fabric being larger than that of the photograph to be
mounted thereon, and having any desired figure, but leaving part of the
surface of the wood exposed. The photographs I prefer to use are photo-
graphic portraits, or groups, or photographs of sculpture or statuary, or other
detached object or objects, the background of which has been cut away. I
use positive photographs taken on paper or other flexible material, and I
attach the photographs to the surface of the wood or the background on the
surface of the wood by paste or size, or other adhesive material. The photo-
graphs are then sized and varnished, and may afterwards be polished in the

page_text: manner commonly employed in finishing surfaces ornamented with tartan or
Scotch plaid patterns. The surfaces of wood which, among others, I orna-
ment according to my Invention are surfaces of plane tree or sycamore, satin
wood, maple, walnut, and mahogany.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF REMOVING AND PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Henry Townsend, James Young, and James
Hankins, all of the City of Bristol, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF REMOVING AND PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS."
Sealed the 12th September 1862, and dated the 29th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Henry Townsend,
James Young, and James Hankins, at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th March 1862.
We, CHARLES HENRY TOWNSEND, JAMES YOUNG, and JAMES HANKINS, all
of the City of Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF REMOVING AND PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN
STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:- -
Our Invention has for its object the removal and prevention of incrustation
in steam boilers, and consists in the use of valonia, sumach, and potash.
Quantities. Ground valonia 26 lbs., sumach 1 lb., potash 1 lb., mixed
together. When the boiler is empty put in through the man-hole two pounds
of the composition to every nominal three-horse power of the boiler, and
after it has been in use one month the boiler should be washed out, and a
fresh supply of the composition be put in, and by its continual use, as stated
above, all incrustation will be removed and prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHELLS FOR WAR PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
September 1862.-A communication from abroad by Edwin Eastbrook, of
Jersey City, in the County of Hudson, and State of New Jersey, United
States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHELLS FOR WAR PURPOSES," a communication from abroad
by Edwin Eastbrook, of Jersey City, in the County of Hudson, and State
of New Jersey, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates either to spherical or elongated shells, and consists,
firstly, in forming the main cavity of the shell by using a core of the form of
a regular or nearly regular polyhedron so as to leave the cavity with several
plane or nearly plane faces forming angles or corners at the junctions of these
planes. By this means the shell is ruptured at cach angle, and breaks into
as many parts as there are planes in the walls of the cavity.
Another improvement consists in causing the fuse plug or tube to extend
back into the centre of the cavity, thereby ensuring the firing of the charge
at the centre of the shell first. This end of the plug is made of thinner metal
so that it will collapse, and close so soon as it is acted upon by the explosion
of the charge, thus preventing any loss of gas through the fuse.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY WHEELS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Martin Rowan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1862.
I, JOHN MARTIN ROWAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY WHEELS, AND IN APPARATUS TO
BE USED THEREIN," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention comprises further modifications of the improvements for
which the present applicant has obtained Provisional Protection, dated 28th
November 1861, (No. 3000); and the present Invention consists in forming
a dovetail groove on each side of the rim of the spoke frame, the groove on
one side fitting a dovetail rim projecting inwardly from the outer edge face of
the tire, whilst a dovetail groove is formed round the inside cylindrical face of
the tire near the inner edge face, and in this groove there are inserted a
series of segmental keys, which are formed with duplex dovetails, so as to be
held firmly in the tire groove, and to clip and hold the spoke rim by locking
in the dovetail groove formed upon it. To admit the segmental keys, the part
of the tire forming the outer side of the groove is cut away at intervals, and
the keys are introduced at the cut away parts, and forced round under the
uncut parts. This improved mode of fixing the tire is applicable in renewing
the tires of old wheels, as well as in the manufacture of entirely new wheels.
To facilitate the manufacture of wheels according to the herein-before
described and similar modes, a machine is by this Invention constructed for

page_text: removing by a cutting or punching process portions of the tire, or wheel rims,
or flanges to admit of the introduction of keys or holding flanges. This
machine, comprising an adjustable chuck, upon which tires or wheels of
various sizes may be mounted and centred, so that each part may in succession
be turned round into position to be acted upon by the cutting or punching
details; such details being likewise made adjustable to suit different diameters.
AN IMPROVED SEMAPHORE TARGET MARKER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Harris at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th January
1862.
JOSIAH HARRIS, of Ess Hill House, Newton Abbot, in the County of
Devon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SEMAPHORE TARGET MARKER," to be as follows:-
An instrument to denote the position where the bullet strikes the target, at
whatever position or angle, and is composed of a dial with an indicator hand
worked by a winch handle operated upon by the marker. The dial and
indicator is placed in such a position, and so made as to be seen at long
distances. A vane and cardinal points with signal flags can be attached when
required.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO PROPELLING CARRIAGES ON COMMON ROADS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Neall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May
1862.
I, GEORGE NEALL, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO PROPELLING
CARRIAGES ON COMMON ROADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain apparatus for obtaining and applying
motive power, more particularly applicable to carriages on common roads or
for general purposes where motive power is required. I propose to use a very
long and powerful helical steel spring, wound up in a barrel and attached by
suitable gearing to a driving wheel, either for the purpose of working machinery
or more especially for the purpose of propelling carriages on common roads.
The spring will by its length and power exercise its influence for a
lengthened period, and when exhausted or nearly so it may be rewound,
whereby in a small compass a motive power may be obtained and applied to
various useful purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF IMPEDING THE ENTRANCE OF SHIPS AND VESSELS, AND IN PARTICULAR OF SCREW SHIPS, INTO CHANNELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Walter Eddy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th July 1862.
I, CHARLES WALTER EDDY, of 8, Warwick Terrace, Belgrave Road, in
the Parish of St. George's, Hanover Sqr, Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF IMPEDING
THE ENTRANCE OF SHIPS AND VESSELS, AND IN PARTICULAR OF SCREW SHIPS, INTO
CHANNELS," to be as follows:-
I construct several nets of rope, and, in particular, some of coir or manilla
rope, or of other light material which will float horizontally on or a little below
the surface of the water without the aid of buoys, or, at least, with but little
aid from them. I place these nets across or partially across the channel to be
impeded, where they may be secured by anchors or other fastenings; and I
propose that when the nets are required to be of considerable length, they may
be manufactured in squares, which may be towed separately to their proper
positions, and there laced together, the whole thus forming one net or system
of network.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS FOR FURNITURE, AND PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Burton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
December 1862.
I, HENRY BURTON, of Prince's Terrace, Prince of Wales Road, Kentish
Town, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS FOR FURNITURE, AND
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in castors suitable for
furniture or other purposes where any apparatus is desired to be moved from
one position to another by aid of castors. I propose instead of employing a
wheel rotating on an axis set in a curved and moveable arm at the bottom
of the socket of the castor to substitute a globe or ball of brass, or other
suitable metal or material nearly one half of which protrudes through a
circular aperture at the bottom and centre of the socket, within the socket
a circular plate or disc is to be placed, underneath which three or other
number of projections in pairs are to be screwed or fixed, forming bearings for
the reception of three or other number of similar, but smaller, metal or other
balls furnished with trunnions entering the bearings in the projections, these
balls forming bearing surfaces for the larger ball. The disc is fixed in the
interior of the socket by means of screws, and above the disc the foot of the
piece of furniture or other object is fixed by screws and glue or other adhesive
solution.
By this Invention furniture may be readily moved in any direction, the

page_text: ball turning readily like an universal joint in every direction, and another
advantage from the adoption of this castor will be that the bearing surface
of the ball on the floor is in a vertical line with the centre of the leg of
the furniture instead of being removed a few inches therefrom as is the
case in the ordinary castors, which thereby strain and loosen the sofa, chair,
or other object to which they are applied.