IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR TURNING ARTICLES OF IRREGULAR. FORMS IN THE DIRECTION OF THEIR LENGTH
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton,. of the Office for Patents,.
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention. of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR TURNING ARTICLES OF IRREGULAR.
FORMS IN THE DIRECTION OF THEIR LENGTH."-A communication..,
Sealed the 14th April 1857, and dated the 12th February 1857:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward. Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th February 1857.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR TURNING ARTICLES. OP.
IRREGULAR FORMS IN THE DIRECTION OF THEIR LENGTH," to be as follows:-
This Invention is mainly intended for turning the tips for umbrella whale-
bones, but it is applicable to the turning of various articles that are of an
irregular figure in the direction of their length. The block to be turned is
shifted in succession from one to another of a series of cutters, each one of
which operates upon the entire length to be turned, for the purpose of gradually
reducing the block to the required form, and there are a series of mandrils, so
that a series of blocks may be operated upon at the same time, that is to say,
when one mandril is brought to the required position to discharge one com-
pleted block and to receive a fresh block another mandril is in the position
to present another block to the first rangling cutter, a third is in the position to
present its block to the second rangling cutter, a fourth is presenting its block.
to the third rangling cutter, and a fifth to the finishing cutter, and so on-to any
desired number, more or less, there being always one more mandril. than there

page_text: are cutters or sets of cutters in the machine. By this means the operations
are subdivided, and yet. one article is delivered completed, and a rough block
put in at the end of each one of the series of operations performed on any one
block. The particular features of novelty of the present Invention are,
1st, the use of a series of rotating and shifting mandrils for rotating the
blocks to be turned, and shifting them from one operation to another, in
combination with a series of traversing cutters guided by patterns or moulds
to determine the form to be produced, whereby a series of blocks are simul-
taneously subjected to the series of operations, and each in succession subjected
to all the operations.
2nd, rolling the cutting edge of the finishing cutter along the surface of the
block that is being turned, so that a small portion only of the cutting edge is
cutting at any one time, and immediately relieveil and followed by another
portion of the said cutting edge.
3rd, in combination with the series of shifting mandrils is employed a series
of shifting and sliding spindles or central supports, whether rotating or non-
rotating, for holding.the blocks on to the mandrils"; "the sliding motion of the
said spindles or central supports for the purpose of liberating the blocks when
finished, and griping the rough blocks when put in, being imparted by means
of a cam, or any equivalent therefor..
4th, a spring is interposed between the sliding spindles or central supports
and the face cam by which they are operated, whereby the said spindles are
rendered self-adapting to any slight variation in the length of the blocks to bo
turned.
5th, the use of: a sliding segment ring provided with slots, and its com-
bination with the cutters and their appendages for carrying the rangling
cutters nearer to the axis of the blocks at each successive cutting action:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the 'Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th August 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for. Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said William
Edward Newton; my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with,. and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make,. use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands,. and. Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR TURNING ARTICLES OF IRREGULAR FORMS IN THE
DIRECTION OF THEIR LENGTH," being a communication from abroad, upon the
condition. (amongst others) that I,. the said William Edward. Newton,..by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly. describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immédiately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward. Newton, do hereby declare:
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention of improved machinery for turning articles of irregular forms
in the direction of their length is mainly intended for turning the tips för
umbrella whalebones, but it is applicable to the turning of. various articles that
are of an irregular figure in the direction of their length. The block to be
turned is shifted in succession from one to another of a series of cutters, each:
one of which operates upon the entire length to be turned, for the purpose of
gradually reducing the block to the required form, and there are a series of
mandrils, so that a series of blocks may be operated upon at the same time,.
(that is to say,) when one mandril is brought to the required position to dis-
charge one completed block and to receive a fresh block another mandril is in
the position to present another block to the first rangling cutter, a third is in
the position to present its block to the second rangling cutter, a fourth is pre¹.
senting. its block to the third rángling cutter, and a fifth to the finishing.
cutter, and so on to any desired number, more or less, there being always' one:
more mandril than there are cutters or sets of cutters in the machine. By this
means the operations are subdivided, and yet one article is delivered completed,
and a rough block put in at the end of each one of the series of operations.
performed on any one block.

page_text: In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the machine,
with the framework removed to exhibit the working parts below the table;
Fig. 2, a vertical section, taken at the line A, a, of Fig. 1, and looking in the
direction of the arrow; Fig. 3, an elevation of the left-hand end of the machine;
Fig. 4, a separate elevation of the finishing cutter, with the mechanism for
operating it; Fig. 5, a longitudinal section, taken at the line B of Fig. 2; and
Fig. 6, an enlarged view of the finishing cutter in the actual form, and as
developed on a flat plane.
a represents a shaft mounted in suitable boxes in two standards b, b, of the
frame, and this shaft carries four plates arranged. in. two pairs c, c, and d, d..
In the pair c, c, are mounted five parallel mandrils e, e, e, e, e, arranged at equal
distances apart, and at equal distances from the axis of the shaft a. The
mandrils are each provided with a suitable pulley f to receive a band g (colored.
blue) from a band wheel h, Fig. 1, on the driving shaft i. This band passes
from the band wheel h around a guide pulley j, thence around the series of
pulleys, Figures 1 and 2, on the mandrils around another guide pulley k, by
the side of the one j, and then back to the wheel h. In this way this band
drives all the mandrils except the one that happens to be in front, which is in
the position required for discharging the finished article, and to receive a rough
block, at which time the mandril should not turn. The inner end of each
mandril is to be suitably constructed to receive and hold the block to be turned,
and in this case for turning umbrella tips it is of a conical shape to receive the
block of bone or other material, which is previously bored out at one end, and
with the required conical socket to fit on the end of the whalebones.
In the two other plates d, d, Figures 1, and 5, are mounted a series of
spindles l, corresponding in number with and in the line of the mandrils above
described. These spindles are provided with pulleys m (Fig. 1,) like the
mandrils, and are rotated by a band n from a band wheel o on the driving
shaft, which band passes around guide rollers arranged to rotate the spindles,
in the same manner as the band 9 rotates the mandrils e. The spindles are
so mounted that they can slide longitudinally in the plates, and the outer-end
of each, beyond the outer plate, is connected with a sliding frame-p by means of
an adjustable collar q, which can be shifted to. adapt the distance between the
spindles and mandrils to suit the length of blocks to be turned, and an adjust-
able centre screw r, which bears against the end of the spindle. Each one
of these frames is provided with two guide rods s and t, fitted to slide in
suitable holes in the outer plate, and the rod s is of sufficient length to slide
also in a hole in the inner plate, a spring u being coiled around the rod s to
force the frame with its spindle outward against the face of a cam plate v.
.

page_text: a.
attached to the frame, and the face of this plate from the point 1 to 2 in the
direction of the arrow is perfectly flat to keep the inner end of the spindles
against the end of the several blocks, and thus hold them on the mandril in a
true central position; but from the point 2 to 1 the face is cut out cam-like by
a gradual inclination in opposite directions, to permit the tension of the springs u
to force back the frames and their spindles when each in succession comes to
that part of the circuit, for the purpose of liberating the block on the corre-
sponding mandril. As the blocks to be turned may vary slightly in length, the
frames do not bear directly against the face of the cam plate v; but instead,
there is a spring w of sufficient tension interposed to render each spindle self-
adjusting to any slight variation in length. The springs w may bear directly
against the face of the cam plate, or each may carry a conical friction roller to
reduce the friction.
An intermittent rotary motion is given to the shaft a with its plates to shift
the mandrils and corresponding spindles from one position to another, which is
done by means of a cogged sector a, Fig. 1, on a cam shaft y. This shaft
carries a cog wheels on the opposite end, which receives motion from a pinion
a¹ on a belt wheel, that receives motion in turn by a belt b¹ from the driving
shaft. Once in every revolution the cogged sector & engages a cog wheel c' on
the shaft a, and turns it to the extent of the distance between the centres of
any two of the mandrils, and as the sector wheel leaves the wheel c¹, the shaft a
with its appendages is locked, to hold the mandrils in position until the next
shifting operation, and this locking is effected in the following manner, viz* :-
On the shaft a there is another plate with recesses e' in its face and near the
periphery. The number and distance apart of these recesses corresponds with
the mandrils. When any one of these recesses is brought to the required'
position, a vertically sliding bolt f, that passes through a mortise in the table of
the frame, enters the recess, and there locks the whole in position until the
next shifting operation is required to take place, at which tine the bolt is
drawn out. This bolt is operated by a lever h¹, connected with the bolt by a
jointed rod i¹, and at the required time the lever is depressed by a tappet j¹ on
the shaft y, which keeps the lever depressed during the shifting motion, and
then liberates it to permit the bolt to be forced into the next recess by the
tension of a spring k².
The plate ď² is just beyond the back end of the mandrils, and it is provided
with screws, one for cach mandril, and in line therewith, to form central pivots
to take the friction of the mandrils. When the machine is used for turning
umbrella tips, or other articles which are to be left with a round or pointed end, the
end of the spindles 7, which form the central support to hold the blocks on the

page_text: mandrils, are to be cup-shaped, as represented in the Drawing, Fig. 5, and as
the spindles turn with the mandrils no friction will be developed between the
spindles and the blocks; but when the articles to be turned are not so shaped
at the end, the spindles may be pointed to form centres, as in ordinary lathes,
and in such case the spindles need not be made to rotate. Three rangling
-cutter wheels d, e, f; are. arranged outside of the series of mandrils in such
positions that the three can act simultaneously on three different blocks. The
three cutter wheels are mounted in the same manner, and hence the description:
of one will suffice for all. The cutter wheel I prefer to make of two plates
with the cutting edges formed on the edge, and one side of the edge of each, so
that when the two, are placed 'face to face and secured on the end of the
arbor g',. the edge and the two faces near the edge will present a series. of
cutting edges; but the cutters may be formed in any other suitable manner.
The arbor g¹ is fitted to turn in a sleeve h* on the lower end of a plate i*, fitted
to slide radially in ways j", attached to the face of a segment ring k³, placed
outside of the series of mandrils, and the lower ends of this segment are formed
into horizontal sliding bars P, F, fitted to slide horizontally in ways m³, m³, in
the table of the frame, and below the table the sliding bars are connected
together by a plate n¹. The object of this connection is to carry the series of
rangling cutter. wheels longitudinally over the length of the block to be turned
and back again, so that the cutters may act upon the said blocks along the
length to be turned. The required longitudinal motion is given to this
apparatus by a lever o', 'one end of which is connected by a connecting rod p¹
with the plate n¹, and the other end with a sliding rod q', which carrics a roller
or wrist pin, that runs in the groove of a cam s¹ on a shaft t', which receives
motion by bevil cog wheels u', u', from the cam shaft y. The form of the
cam groove sis, represented. in Fig. 1, and causes the rangling cutters to
traverse back and forth over the length of the blocks on the mandrils three
times for every complete revolution of the shaft t¹, and then hold the cutters in
a stationary position for a sufficient length of time to allow the series of
mandrils and the blocks which they carry to be shifted from one position
to another, as before described. The fulcrum pin of the lever o passes
through an elongated hole in the said lever, so that it can be shifted to increase
or decrease the range of motion of the rangling cutters to suit the length of
blocks to be turned.
As the rangling cutters, traverse back and forth over the length of the
blocks they are made to rotate at a high velocity by a pulley w¹ on the
opposite end of each arbor g', each pulley receiving a band a¹ from a band
wheel y¹ on the driving shaft; and as the said rangling cutters so traverse

page_text: back and forth they are made to approach the axis of the blocks that are being
turned, and also to recede therefrom, to determine the form to be produced by
a mould or former ³, the face of which presents the configuration required to
be given to the blocks, as seen best in Fig. 5. There is one such mould, for
each rangling cutter, and the outer end of the plate *, which carries the arbor
of the cutter, is formed so as to slide against the face of the mould, against
which it is made to bear by the tension of a spring a, which acts on the under
part of the sleeve; in this way the rangling cutter wheels are made to reduce
the block. to. a. form corresponding with the form of the mould; but as.each
cutter wheel traverses back and forth three times over each block, making six
cuts along the entire length, (although the number may be increased or
decreased,) it is necessary that the cutters should be made to approach the axis
of the, blocks at the end of each longitudinal motion, which is effected by
advancing the moulds at the end of each cut. To do this, each mould is fitted
to and held by a screw or key in a socket, made in the inner. end of. a plate
62, which slides radially in suitable ways c, attached to an outer segment
ring d², permanently attached to the table of the frame. Each plate b³ is
provided with a pin e³, which projects from its face, and. passes through a hole
in the, segment ring d³ of sufficient size to allow the required extent of motion:
This pin fits accurately in a long slot in a plate f³, attached to. another
segment ring 9, fitted to slide in the direction of its curvature in a recess in
the face of the outer segment ring d³, so that when this ring 9 slides in either
direction, the slot in, the plates f² attached thereto will slide on the pins e² of
the plates that carry the moulds, and thus move the moulds in or out,. in
proportion to the inclination of the line of the slots in the plates f%, to the
line of motion of the segment ring. 93. To vary this inclination of the slots, to
increase or decrease the extent of motion to be given to the cutters, that they
may be set to cut more or less at each. operation, the plates: f³ are made
with a journal-like projection h² on their inner faces, which fit and turn in corre-
sponding holes in the segment ring 93 and the screws 1, by which they are
secured to the sliding ring, pass through, elongated. holes, so that the. plates
can be shifted on the ring; and for the purpose of setting the moulds to
turn blocks. of greater or less diameter, the pins of the plates be, Fig. 5,
instead of being permanently attached to the plates, have an enlargement fitted
to slide in a longitudinal slot j* in the plate 63, and an adjusting screw * is
tapped in the enlargement, and is fitted by suitable journals to turn. in the said
plate, so that by taking hold of the head of the screw by a wrench or other
means and turning it, the pin being. held in the slot of the plate ƒ³, the plate
6 with the mould is moved in or out, which. has the effect of carrying the

page_text: cutters nearer to or further from the axis of the blocks, and thus turn them to
a greater or less diameter. As the sliding of the segment ring 9* in one direction
draws out the moulds to permit the springs to force the cutters away from the
blocks, and in the other direction to force the cutters towards the blocks, it is
necessary at the end of each complete series of cutting operations to slide the
segment ring in the direction of the arrow (see Fig. 3), so that the cutters may
be carried out to the furthest required position from the axes of the blocks.
The motion in the direction of the arrow is imparted by the weight of the sog-
ment ring (which may be assisted by a spring), the greater part of which is on
one side of a vertical line passing through the axis of the circle, and the extent
of the motion in that direction is governed by a roller on the end of the seg-
ment ring coming in contact with the section 1 of a cam m² on the cam shaft y.
This cam is divided into seven sections, correspondingly numbered, each
successive section being at a greater distance from the axis of the shaft; and
the position of this cam on the shaft is such, relatively to the other movements,
that at the end of each motion of the cutters along the length of the blocks
the next section of the cam 'm³, Fig. 2, comes into action to move the
segment ring g³, and thereby advance the moulds, and at the end of the series
of traversing motions of the cutters, section 7 of the cam passes off and allows
the roller to run on to section 1, and thereby move the segment ring in the
direction of the arrow to draw back the moulds-preparatory to a new series of
opérations. The three rangling cutters should be set in succession further from
the axis of the blocks as each in succession cuts deeper into the block; tho
one d' makes the first cut, e* the second cut, and f* the third cut, as the block is
shifted in succession from the first to the second and third; after the block
leaves the third rangling cutter it is shifted to the fourth position, where it is
acted upon by the finishing or smoothing cutter n².
The said smoothing cutter n is peculiar in its mode of operation. It
is in the form of a tube, either entire or a segment, and in this instance
a segment with the cutting edge' on the end. It lays against the upper
part of an arbor o³, and is there held by a surrounding thimble and
temper screw, but may be otherwise secured, or may be a part of the arbor.
The cutting edge of this cutter is represented at Fig. 6, so that if developed
on a flat plane it will be' the reverse of the figure to be produced on the
article to be turned, and in the case of an umbrella tip the cavity 1 will form
the bulb or knob on the end of the tip, and the gradual curvature from
the cavity 1 to the point 2 corresponds with the form of the body of a tip;
but it will be seen that any other configuration may be given to the cutter, at
the pleasure of the constructor..

page_text: turns.
The arbor o³, Figures 2 and 4, stands slightly inclined from a vertical line,
so that the face of the cutter is in a line tangential to the block when turned,
as is the case with a hand turner who holds a gouge to the block which he
The said arbor turns freely but accurately in the base of a stock p³,
which slides horizontally on ways made in the face of a standard 7, attached
to the upper face of a carriage r, by means of a screw or other suitable means.
The stock p³ is connected by a joint pin s³ with one end of a rod t, that slides
horizontally in suitable ways. This rod is provided with an arm u³, Fig. 1,
which slides thereon, and is connected therewith by an adjusting screw v³,
journaled in the rod t, so that by turning the said screw the position of
this arm u³ on the rod can be shifted for adjustment.
The arm us carries a roller w³, which is made to bear against the face of a
cami a on the shaft t', before named, and the form of this cam (as represented
in Fig. 1) is such as to move the plate q³ with the cutter n³ in the direction of
the arrow (see Fig. 1), and to the required distance, to cause the cutter to pass
along the length of the block while. the series of rangling cutters are per-
forming their series of operations on other blocks, and then to permit the
tension of the spring to draw it back. When the rod t is drawn back, it is
gauged in its back motion by a stop a', which comes in contact with the end
of a set screw 6, which gauges and regulates the point where the cutter is
advanced to begin its operation. I propose in some instances to make this
smoothing cutter act on the material in both directions, in which case either
the return spring must have sufficient tension or the return motion must be
given by a reversed cam, or other equivalent. As the cutter is moved along
the length of the block, it is made to rotate on its axis by means of a cogged
pinion y, Figures 2 and 4, on the lower, end of the arbor o; this pinion works
in a rack z², attached to the carriage r³, and as the pitch line of the pinion is
of the average of the radius of the cutter, it follows that the face of the said
cutter instead of sliding on the block which it cuts, will roll on the surface,
and in this way constantly change the active part of the cutting. edge, instead
of having the same part of the cutting edge in action during the whole time of
cutting. The carriage slides on ways a³, Figures 1 and 2, on the table at right
angles with the motion of the plate p³, and the said carriage is connected by au
adjusting screw & with the arm c³ of a horizontal sliding bar d'under the table,
which said bar is drawn forward to draw the cutter away from the block which
is being turned by the tension of a spring e³, Fig. 4; and this sliding bar is also.
provided with a roller f³, which by the tension of this spring is kept in contact
with the face of a cam g³ on the cam shaft y, which cam is so formed as to
advance the carriage with its cutter n to the block just before the cutter.

page_text: begins to move laterally. And although I have stated that the cutting edge of
the cutter when developed on a flat plane is the reverse of the form to be
turned, it will be obvious that the mode of operation of this part of the Inven-
tion can be applied by making. the cutting edge a true circle or segment of a
circle, and developing the figure desired to be produced on the face of the cam
9, so that as the cutter is made to traverse from end to end it will be moved.
towards and from the axis of the block that is being turned, the compound
motion causing the axis of the cutter to describe a line corresponding with the
desired form..The form thus imparted either by the figure of the rolling cutter
or by cam should correspond with the form of the moulds which direct the
rangling cutters.
In front of the series of mandrils there is a rocking and sliding shaft h³,
Fig. 1, with an arm 2³, the extreme.end of which arm is bifurcated, and the
prongs extend within the circle.of mandrils, so that when the shaft a is turned
to shift the mandrils from one position to another, the projecting end of the
mandril which carries the finished block shall enter the bifurcation of the arm,
which is so located as to pass on to the mandril just back of the turned block..
There is a helical spring on the rock shaft h³, the tension of which tends to
rotate and also to draw the shaft endwise and hold the bifurcated arm in the
required position, which position is gauged by another arm (see Fig. 3) on
the other end of the rock shaft, which comes in contact with a stop k³. As the
mandrils are shifting their place, the one which carries the finished block first-
enters the bifurcation of the arm, and as the mandril continues to move it.
carries the arm with it; and the spring yields to allow the shaft h³ to turn, and
this carries another arm ct on the said rock shaft in front of the segment ring
k*, so that when this segment ring is put in motion to traverse the rangling
cutters it moves the rock shaft endwise, to make the fork on the arm 1³ force
the turned and finished block from the end of the mandril to discharge it the.
opposite end thereof, having just before been liberated by the corresponding
spindle, in the manner already described. So soon as the finished block is
discharged, the operative can put a rough block on the mandril, and as he puts
it on and holds it in line the spindle is forced forward against the opposite-
end to hold it on the mandril by the action of the cam plate v, before described..
And as soon as the rough block. is brought into proper position, the first:
rangling cutter wheel d' acts upon it to rough it down. It is then shifted to
the second rangling cutter c, which brings it nearer to the required size and
form, and while this operation is being performed the first cutter d' is acting
on another. rough block, and so in succession to the third rangling cutter f*,
thence to the finishing, cutter, and, finally, to the place of discharge; and.

page_text: although there are five stopping places in the. circuit, and each block is
in succession subjected to the operation of four successive cutters,-yet every
time the shaft a turns to shift the mandrils a finished block is discharged and a
rough block put in.
It will be obvious from the foregoing, that instead of three rangling.cutters
and five mandrils, the number may be increased or diminished at the pleasure
of the constructor. Instead of having one rangling cutter wheel on each arbor,
and one finishing cutter to act upon the entire length of each.block, there.may
be two or more, each acting on a section of the length of the block; and there
may be two or more finishing cutters to act simultaneously on different parts of
the same block, and only one rangling cutter wheel for each. division,..such
modifications being wholly at the discretion of the constructor, who in such
matters will be in a great measure governed by the length of the articles to be
turned, and the character of the form to be produced. So, with reference to
the moulds for directing the line of motion of the rangling cutters to
determine the configuration of the article to be turned; instead of the moulds
above described for directing the cutters; the required form may be developed
on the several sections of the cam m³, which operates the sliding segment
ring g' with its slots, so that the said cam may move the said sliding ring, and
thereby move the axes of the rangling cutters toward and from the axes of
the blocks as they traverse over the length of said blocks.
And with regard to the detailed construction of the several parts, it will be
obvious that many changes may be made by the substitution of equivalent
means without changing the character of the Invention; as, for instance,
instead of the cogged sector to impart an intermittent rotary motion to the
series of mandrils and spindles, an arm with a pin may be substituted to act in
radial recesses cut in the periphery of the cog wheel on the end of the shaft a.
This is only given as an example of the changes which may be made without
changing the principle or mode of operation of the Invention.
Having now described the Invention of improved machinery for turning
articles of irregular forms in the direction of their length, and having explained
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would observe, in conclusion,
that the particular features of novelty in the above-described machinery, and
which I intend to claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, as
aforesaid, are,
First, the series of rotating and shifting mandrils for rotating the blocks to
be turned, and shifting them from one operation to another, in combination
with the series of traversing cutters, guided by patterns or moulds to determine
the form to be produced, substantially as described, whereby a series of blocks

page_text: are simultaneously subjected to the series of operations, and each in succession.
subjected to all the operations as set forth..
I claim, secondly, the mode, substantially as described, of operating the
cutter, termed the finishing cutter, which said mode of operation consists
in rolling the cutting edge of the finishing cutter along the surface of the block
that is being turned, so that a small portion only of the cutting edge is cutting
at any one time, and immediately relieved and followed by another portion of
the said cutting edge, as set forth.
I claim, thirdly, the combination of a series of shifting mandrils with a series
of shifting and sliding spindles or central supports for holding the blocks on
to the mandrils.
I claim, fourthly, the interposition of a spring between the sliding spindles.
or central supports and the face cam. by which they are operated, whereby the
said spindles are rendered self-adapting to any slight variation in. the length of
the blocks to be turned.
Lastly, I claim the sliding segment ring provided with slots, and its com-
bination with the cutters and their appendages for carrying the rangling
cutters nearer to the axis of the blocks at each. successive cutting action,
as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twelfth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON.. (L.S.)