Improvements in Draught Appliances for Smoke Stacks and the like.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Draught Appliances for Smoke Stacks and
the like.
I JOSEPH CRAWHALL CHAPMAN Chartered Patent Agent of 70 Chancery
Lane, in the County of London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
which has been communicated to me by Taylors Improved Draught Company of
761 Broad Street, Newark, in the County of Essex State of New Jersey, United
States of America, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists in an attachment for smoke stacks, comprising a metallic
frame provided with a series of upwardly inclined metallic slats and fitted to the
wall of the stack. Such attachment can be applied to any stacks already in use
by cutting a suitable aperture or apertures in the side or sides of such stacks
and inserting or fastening the frame upon the exterior of the smoke flue. The
frame with its inclined slats may be applied directly to the apertures, so that the
air which enters obliquely through the draft openings is discharged directly
within the stack; or the slats may be applied to the front of a draft box
and a pipe led upward from such box within the chimney. The latter con-
struction is specially advantageous for use upon steam-ships, where large stacks
are used and where the draft is often defective. With either construction, the
air thus admitted to the stack tends to drive the gas and smoke upward and
thus greatly improves the draft.
In the annexed drawing, such frames are shown applied to locomotive and
steamship stacks, as well as to stationary chimneys; and a construction is also
shown for introducing currents of air into the centre of the gases within the
chimney, to dilute the smoke before it is discharged into the open air.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a sheet iron stack connected, by a breeching, with
one end of a boiler setting;
Fig. 2 is a plan of the sheet iron stack and breeching;
Fig. 3 is a transverse section of part of the stack upon a larger scale;
Fig. 4 is a vertical section of a square brick chimney with an intake partly in
section where it is connected with the chimney;
Fig. 5 is a plan of the chimney at the centre of the intake;
Fig. 6 is an edge view, and Fig. 7 an outside view of one of the slatted frames;
Fig. 8 is a section of the frame on line in Fig. 7 ;
Figs. 9 and 10 are similar sections showing corrugated slats.
Fig. 11 is a plan, and Fig. 12 a side view of the front end of a locomotive with
the stack provided with the slatted frame and an auxiliary deflector.
Fig. 13 is a plan, and Fig. 14 is an elevation of a steamship stack with draft box
attached; and
Fig. 15 an elevation in section on line ¹¹ in Fig. 13.
In Figs. 1 to 4, B represents the end of a boiler setting and C the breeching
from the same; forming the intake to the stack D. The stack, in Figs. 1, 2 and 3,
is shown of cylindrical form, as when made of sheet metal, resting at the bottom
upon a pier A. The pipes forming the stack and intake are shown provided with
inclined draft openings formed by a series of slats e attached to frames f, the frames
themselves being secured at the edges of suitable openings formed in the sides of
the pipes. A bottom plate g is inserted in the stack below its connection with the
intake, and a central pipe his projected from a hole in the middle of the plate g
upward past the inlet of the intake. Apertures i are formed in the sides of the
stack below the partition g to admit air to the pipes h, as indicated by the
arrows a.

page_text: The course of the smoke passing through the breeching or intake is indicated by
arrows e and enters the stack around the pipe h, mingling with the air which enters
such pipe; as both rise within the stack.
E
The stack in Fig. 1 is shown upon its nearer side provided with four vertical
series of draft openings, formed like those upon the breeching C, with curved
slats & attached to angle irons. The stack is strengthened vertically, between the
apertures, by trough shaped channel irons j, clearly shown in Fig. 3, which irons
stiffen the stack longitudinally. The wind, which may be blown from any
direction, enters the stack in an upwardly inclined direction through the openings
between the slats e, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1, and thus produces a
strong upward forced draft.
Air
The air entering the sides of the stack necessarily mingles with the smoke
inside the same, and a current of air is also by the upward draft, drawn into the
pipe h, and diffused within the smoke and gases entering from the intake.
is thus mingled with the smoke internally and externally as it passes upward in
the stack and is discharged from the stack in a highly diluted condition, so that
the smoke constitutes little, if any, nuisance.
The effect of the inclined openings in the breeching is of course the same as
in the stack itself, producing a strong upward draft of its contents into the
stack D, if the wind be allowed to strike the same; and otherwise admitting air to
dilute the smoke passing through the breeching.
Figs. 4 to 8 inclusive show the means of applying such attachments to brick
chimneys. The chimney D¹ is shown in section in Fig. 4, and a partition g is
shown fitted in below the intake C, but provided instead of the single tube h, with
a series of small tubes h' which are adapted to mingle the air thoroughly with the
entering smoke; the air being shown by the arrows a¹ and the smoke by the
arrows C.
An arched aperture i is shown in the brick chimney below the partition g, to
admit air to the pipes . The stack is shown provided upon several sides with
apertures E, in each of which would be inserted a metallic frame or casing f¹.
The casing consists preferably in a square casting like a door frame provided upon
its inner edge with strips or ribs f to which the inclined slats e may be secured in
the same manner as to the angle irons shown in Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive.
The slats e are partly omitted in Fig. 7 to show the strips or ribs
inner edges of the frames.
upon the
Figs. 9 and 10, show the slats corrugated transversely to form corrugated
openings e¹ where the lower edge of one slat overlaps the upper edge of another.
The corrugation of the slats serves to increase the length of the inclined openings
between the angle irons f to which the slats are secured.
The result of the draft device is two-fold; first, it improves the draft of the
furnace with which the stack is connected, and, second, it operates to dilute the
smoke and gases discharged from the stack so that they are less offensive both to
sight and to smell.
Figs. 11 and 12 show an additional device for increasing the draft when the stack
is attached to a moving vehicle, as a steam boat or locomotive, and providing, for
the maintenance of the draft when the motion of such vehicle is reversed.
One side of the stack, when upon such a vehicle, may be regarded as the forward
side, and the motion of the vehicle drives the air against such forward side only.
The additional device consists in a deflector projected at the sides of the stack
and extended around the rear side of the same, so as to throw the air into the draft
openings upon such rear side.
Such deflector may be termed a wind controller, and is shown in Figs. 11 and 12
of a semi-cylindrical shape sustained a little in the rear of the smoke stack D' with its
edges curved outwardly from the sides of the stack to intercept the air through which
the vehicle is moving. The wind controller is shown formed of upright angle
irons having their edges curved outwardly from the stack and provided at their
lower ends with feet m secured to the flange n at the bottom of the smoke stack.

page_text: The wind controller is formed with inclined slats e with their adjacent edges
overlapping, forming spaces el between which the air may enter and move upwardly
when the motion of the vehicle is reversed.
It is obvious that the deflector may be applied to a stationary stack as well as to
one in motion, and may be adapted to turn about the stack so as to catch the air
from any desired quarter.
As the wind controller is adapted to promote the draft whether the wind
approaches the inclined edges for the outer side of the controller which is
provided with the inclined openings e'; it will be seen that it is adapted to
increase the draft of a stationary smoke stack even if it be fixed rigidly in relation
thereto.
A
In Figs. 13 to 15, the frame carrying the inclined slats is shown of sufficient
width at its edges to form a draft box with the slats e upon its outer side.
draft conductor o is extended from such box through an aperture in the wall of the
stack upward into the same. Au arrow H' in Fig. 13 indicates the forward side
of the chimney, and two draft boxes are shown upon the quarters of the chimney
to catch the air from either side as the boat moves forward. A flap p is shown
hinged by a rod p' with operating handle q in front of the aperture through which
the conductor or conveyor o is extended, and cheeks s are arranged to direct the
air therein.
A partition is shown extended downward from the top of the box nearly to the
bottom, and a ventilating pipe t inserted through the bottom of the box upward
behind the partition. The flap p is shown closed in Fig. 15, and with the parts
thus constructed and arranged, the air which enters the inclined slats e is turned
downward beneath the lower end of the partition and thence moves past the
mouth of the ventilating pipe t into the conveyor o. The air is discharged from
the conveyor upward into the stack, and produces an increased draft therein as
desired; and the air from such conveyor operates more efficiently in a very large
stack than air delivered directly from an aperture to the interior of the stack
through the inclined slats.
The ventilating pipe t may be connected with the fire-room, saloon or hold of the
vessel which requires ventilating, and a considerable suction is induced in such
pipe by the passage of the air past its mouth. The partition is provided to
prevent the escape of sparks from the air inlets (between the inclined slats e) in
any case where a downward draft occurs, as in firing up before the steam-boat is in
inotion. Where special occasion arises for increasing the draft in the ventilating
pipe t, this can be done by moving the flap p inwardly to the middle of the
conveyor o, which increases the upward draft in such conveyor, and the suction in
the pipe t.
A damper t' is applied to the pipe t to close it when desired.
The constructions described herein all operate precisely the same in throwing an
upward current of air into the stack adjacent to the side of the same, and thus
driving the smoke and gases upward in the same manner as is practised with a jet
of live steam; but without the expense attending the use of steam.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to me, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The combination, with a smoke stack having apertures formed in different
sides, of frames applied to such apertures and provided each with a series of
upwardly inclined slats, as and for the purpose set forth.
2. An attachment for smoke stacks, consisting in a curved metallic frame provided
with a series of upwardly inclined metallic sluts and fitted to the exterior of a
cylindrical stack, as set forth.
3. The combination, with a smoke stack having an open top and provided with
a series of lateral draft openings inclined upwardly, of a breeching or intake

page_text: connecting the boiler with the stack, and provided in one or more sides with a
series of lateral draft openings, as and for the purpose set forth.
4. The combination, with a smoke stack provided in one or more sides with a
series of lateral draft openings inclined upwardly, of a breeching or intake con-
necting the boiler with the stack, a partition in the stack below the intake, and one
or more air pipes projected upward from the partition and supplied with air by
inlets from below the same, as and for the purpose set forth.
5. The combination, with a smoke stack having one or more apertures formed in
its side, of inclined slats corrugated transversely and applied to such apertures,
and forming a continuous series of lateral draft openings inclined upwardly, as and
for the purpose set forth.
6. The combination, with a smoke stack provided upon opposite sides with a
series of lateral draft openings inclined upwardly, of a wind controller fixed
adjacent to one side of the stack and provided with projecting edges adapted to
deflect the air inward against the stack, as and for the purpose set forth.
7. The combination, with a smoke stack provided upon opposite sides with a
series of lateral draft openings inclined upwardly, of a wind controller formed of a
series of inclined slats, and fixed adjacent to one side of the stack and provided
with projecting edges to deflect the air inward against the stack, as and for the
purpose set forth.
8. The combination, with a smoke stack having a lateral aperture, of a draft
box having a series of air inlets in its outer side, and a draft conveyor extended
from the box to the aperture and upward inside the stack, as and for the purpose
Bet forth.
9. The combination, with a smoke stack having a lateral aperture, of a draft box
having a series of air inlets in its outer side, a partition extended downward
within the box, a draft conveyor extended from the box upward within the stack,
and a ventilating pipe extended upward through the bottom of the draft box
behind the partition, as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 13th day of June 1893.
J. C. CHAPMAN,
Chartered Patent Agent.