IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS AND IN METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING AND UTILIZING THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION FROM SUCH COKE OVENS
Year: 1885

page_text: We, ARTHUR MARSHALL CHAMBERS, of Thorncliffe, Colliery Proprietor, and
THOMAS SMITH, of Chapeltown, Foreman, both in the County of York do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS AND IN
METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING AND UTILIZING THE PRODUCTS OF
COMBUSTION FROM SUCH COKE OVENS " to be as follows:—
Our present invention relates to ovens used for burning coal in order to convert
it into coke, and for collecting and utilizing the valuable products of such coking,
such as gas, tar, heavy or light hydrocarbon oils, ammoniacal liquor, and other well
known products; and it relates more especially to improvements in the ovens and
apparatus described and shewn in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to us
dated March 11th A.D. 1884 and numbered 4708.
It has for its objects novel methods of constructing the ovens and apparatus
connected with them, so that the gas and other products of the coking process can
readily pass away and are collected, whilst the parts through which they so pass
allow their ready passage without being liable to be choked or stopped, and are
easily fixed, cleaned, and renewed when necessary, whilst the coke when made and
the ovens can be readily damped with water to the necessary extent and such water
allowed to escape without affecting or interfering with the pipes and chambers to
which the gas and other products pass.
The ovens and other apparatus combined with them are simple, cheap, and easily
constructed and kept in order, and a large quantity of the oils and other products
obtained in coking is obtained without injuriously affecting the quantity and
quality of the coke
In our present invention we make one or more coke ovens of any convenient
shape but preferably circular or beehive shaped, arranged side by side in sets or
rows where more than one is used, and each having an opening or doorway in front
through which coal or other material to be coked or carbonized can be introduced
into it and the coke withdrawn from it, this opening being built up or otherwise
closed whilst the operation of coking is proceeding.

page_text: The top of the oven also has a central opening closed by a cover, through which
coal may be introduced.
A pipe, preferably of fireclay or other refractory material is arranged round the
upper part or crown of the oven close to the firebrick lining of the latter so that
it becomes sufficiently highly heated, and one of the ends of this pipe is brought
forward and connected with an air supply pipe arranged in front of the oven or
row of ovens, into which pipe air is forced at a moderate pressure by a fan or other
suitable air forcing machinery, a regulating valve being interposed by which the air
can be admitted or cut off from the pipe surrounding the oven.
The inner end of the pipe after passing round the oven is directed inward through
the front wall of the oven, and slightly upward so that the current of heated air
forced in is directed upward across the oven without coming into objectionable
contact with the surface of the coking coal.
A flue communicating with a chimney may be arranged exactly opposite the
mouth of the air pipe, and may be closed when desired by a suitable regulating
valve, or the flue may be built up.
The floor of the oven slopes gradually down from the back to the front and is
formed of rectangular tiles or fireclay slabs fitting together and against the wall of
the oven.
These tiles may be perforated, but preferably in order to allow the
passage through them of the gases and other products of coking they are made so
as to touch each other only at their corners, the remainder of the length of their
sides being cut away so that when they are fitted together a narrow slit is left
between them (except at the corners) and in this way provision is allowed for the
passage of gas and other products whilst the tiles can be very readily made and
cleaned. The slits are preferably made wider below than above. These tiles rest
upon a series of parallel walls, extending from the back nearly to the front. of the
oven, and having a second floor of tiles or fireclay below or between them, such
second floor preferably sloping more quickly down than the tiles above, so that a
series of parallel channels is formed between the walls, these channels being of
greater depth in front than at the back of the oven.
The doorway in front of the oven is provided with a floor plate level with and
extending to the upper floor of tiles, and beneath this plate is an opening provided
with hinged or other moveable doors through which access can be had to the parallel
flues for the purpose of cleaning them when necessary; and to facilitate this cleaning
the front ends of the parallel walls do not reach quite to the wall of the oven so
that cleaning brushes or implements can be directed through the door round their
ends and along the sides of the oven to the back, and the flues are thus readily and
thoroughly cleaned.
At the front of the oven below the floor plate and lower floor of tiles is built an
opening or well communicating at its lower end with a channel in the masonry in
which lies and fits a pipe, preferably of metal, of suitable size and inclining slightly
down in front so that any liquids draining through the slits between the tiles
forming the floor of the oven pass into and flow down the pipe. This inclined
pipe is provided with a regulating stop valve of any convenient kind, and its outer
end is then connected with a pipe also inclined downward, the outer end of which
is also preferably provided with a stop valve and is then turned down into a tank
of the ordinary kind for collecting the liquids which pass from the oven.
From the top of this tank a pipe rises and communicates with the lower end of
a vertical tubular condenser through which a large number of vertical tubes pass,
in which water is made to circulate in the usual manner, the gas being made to
pass up and down between the tubes and a further quantity of condensible oils
and products is thus condensed and passes off through a pipe into a tank whence
they can be collected. From the vertical condenser the gas then passes into a
scrubber of the usual kind where it is freed from the remainder of the hydro-
carbons and other products which it still contains, which pass into a tank where
they collect and can be withdrawn, and the gas finally passes away from the
scrubber and can be utilized for heating boilers or for other purposes.

page_text: It will be seen that by the novel arrangements described, the apparatus is very
simple and easily made and used, can be very easily cleaned, and is not liable to
get out of order, and it is found that when the valuable oils and other products of
coking are collected in the manner described the quantity and quality of the coke
obtained are not injuriously affected. It is evident that the relative positions and
character of the different parts of the apparatus for condensing, washing, and
separating, may be varied and modified more or less to suit different circumstances,
such as the number and relative position of the ovens and the character of the
coal used.
"
In order that when necessary the coke may be conveniently-watered in the usual
way before it is withdrawn from the oven, we make the inclined pipe which lies
as described in the channel below the floor of the oven, moveable so that it can
be readily, removed and replaced, the stop valve outside it being of course closed
when it is being so moved. And at the same level with and by the side of the
moveable pipe we arrange a second pipe, which may be of smaller diameter and
the front end of which passes through the wall or foundation of the oven and
is conducted away into any suitable drain or place where the water can be
discharged.
The inner end of this pipe is arranged in such a position in the channel which
carries it and the moveable pipe, that when the latter pipe is removed as already
described, a moveable board or plate can be inserted into a position diagonally
across the channel, so that when water is admitted into the oven for the purpose of
damping the coke as described, such water after passing through the slits between
the upper tiles and down the inclined channels between the walls below, instead of
passing into and filling the inclined gas delivery pipe is diverted into the drain
pipe along which it passes and is discharged, without the main gas pipe being
affected.
When the oven has been recharged with coal, the inclined board is removed and
the moveable pipe replaced, and when air is forced into the upper part of the oven,
the stop valve can be opened, and the gases and other products of the coking process
are forced through the slits in the upper tile floor, and thence along the channels
between the walls, and down through the moveable pipe and the open valves to the
tanks, condenser, and scrubber, as already described.
It will be seen that gas is not admitted into the oven, as the heated air forced
through the pipe into its upper part is sufficient to carry on the process of coking,
and the surface of the coal is not burned away or injured.
The lowest part of the floor of the oven may be at its centre or other convenient
part, instead of in front.

page_text: for Collecting the Products of Combustion from such Coke
Ovens.
We, ARTHUR MARSHALL CHAMBERS, of Thorncliffe, Colliery Proprietor, and
THOMAS SMITH of Chapeltown, Foreman, both in the County of York do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS AND IN
METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING AND UTILIZING THE PRODUCTS &
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings (that
is to say):-
Our present invention relates to ovens used for burning coal in order to convert
it into coke, and for collecting and utilizing the valuable products of such coking,
such as gas, tar, heavy or light hydrocarbon oils, ammoniacal liquor, and other well
known products; and it relates more especially to improvements in the ovens and
apparatus described and shewn in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to us
dated March 11th A.D. 1884 and numbered 4708.
It has for its objects novel methods of constructing the ovens and apparatus
connected with them, so that the gas and other products of the coking process can
readily pass away and are collected, whilst the parts through which they so pass
allow their ready passage without being liable to be choked or stopped, and are
easily fixed, cleaned, and renewed when necessary, whilst the coke when made can
be readily watered to the extent necessary and such water allowed to escape,
without affecting or interfering with the pipes and chambers to which the gas and
other products pass.
The ovens and other apparatus combined with them are simple, cheap, durable,
and easily constructed and kept in order, and a large quantity of the oils and other
products obtained in coking is collected without injuriously affecting the quantity
and quality of the coke.
In the accompanying drawings which are in illustration of our invention,
Figure 1 is a vertical section and figure 2 a horizontal section through an improved
coke oven, shewing the apparatus connected with it. Figure 3 is a front view
partly in section and figure 4 a section on line A. B. (figure 5), and figure 5 a
horizontal section shewing the drain pipe.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures.
a represents the body of the coke oven of any convenient shape, but preferably
circular or beehive-shaped as shewn, arranged side by side or in rows where more
than one is used, and having an opening or doorway b in front through which coal
or other material to be carbonized can be introduced and the coke withdrawn, the
opening being built up or otherwise closed whilst the operation of coking is
proceeding. The top of the oven also has an opening c, closed by a door, through
which coal can be introduced.
A pipe d, preferably of fireclay or other refractory material is arranged round
the upper part or crown of the oven close to the firebrick lining e of the latter so
that it becomes sufficiently highly heated, and one of the ends of this pipe is
brought forward and connected at f to the air supply pipe g arranged in front of
the oven or row of ovens, air being forced into the supply pipe g at a moderate
pressure by a fan or other suitable air-forcing machinery, a regulating valve being

page_text: preferably interposed by which the air can be admitted to or cut off from the:
pipe d.
The other end of the pipe, after passing round the oven is directed inward
through the front wall of the oven, and slightly upward as shewn at i so that the
current of heated air forced in is directed upward across the oven without coming
into objectionable contact with the surface of the coal being coked.
1
A flue at k (figure 1) communicating with a chimney may be arranged exactly
opposite the mouth of the air-pipe i and may be closed when desired by a suitable
regulating valve, or the flue may be built up as shown. h is a small pipe and
cover, through which the state of the interior of the oven can be observed.
The floor of the oven at 7 slopes gradually down from the back to the front, and
is formed of rectangular tiles or fireclay slabs fitting together and against the wall
of the oven.
These tiles may be perforated, but preferably-in order to allow the.
passage through them of the gases and other products of coking-they are made as
shewn in figures 1 and 2 so as to touch each other only at their corners the
remainder of their sides being cut away so that when they are fitted together a,
narrow slit (as shewn in black lines in figure 2) is left between them (except at -
the corners) and in this way provision is allowed for the passage of gas and other,
products whilst the tiles can be very readily made and cleaned. The slits are
preferably made wider below than above, as shewn in figure 1. These tiles / rest.
upon a series of parallel walls m extending from the back nearly to the front of
the oven, and a second floor of tiles or fireclay n is arranged below preferably
sloping more quickly down than the floor 7, (as shewn in figure 1) so that a series
of parallel channels o are formed between the walls m, the channels being of.
greater depth in front than at the back of the oven. The doorway b is provided
with a floor plate p level with and extending to the upper floor of tiles l, and
beneath this plate is an opening provided with hinged or other moveable doors 8
through which access can be had to the parrallel channels o for the purpose of
cleaning them when necessary, and to facilitate this cleaning the front ends of the
parallel walls m do not reach quite to the wall of the oven (as shewn in figures 2
and 5) so that cleaning brushes or implements can be directed through the door 8
and round their ends and along the sides of the oven to the back, and the
channels o are thus readily and thoroughly cleaned.
=
At the front of the oven below the floor plate p and lower floor of tiles n is built
an opening or well communicating at its lower end with a channel in the
masonry, in which lies and fits a pipe u preferably of metal, of suitable size and
inclining slightly down at its front end so that any liquids draining through the
tiles pass into and flow down the pipe. This pipe u is provided with a regulating
stop valve v of any suitable kind, and its outer end is then connected with the
pipe w, also inclined downward, the outer end of which is also preferably provided
with a stop valve x, and opening and cover by which it can be cleaned, and it is
then turned down into a tank y of the ordinary kind for collecting the liquid
matters which pass from the oven.
From the top of the tank y a pipe z rises and communicates with the lower end
of a vertical or other tubular condenser A through which a large number of tubes
pass in which water is made to circulate in the usual manner, the gas being made :
to pass up and down between the tubes as shown in figures 1 and 2, and a further
quantity of condensible oils and products is thus condensed and passes off through
pipes into a tank B whence they can be collected and withdrawn.
From the condenser A the gas then passes through the pipe C into a scrubber D
of the usual kind, where it is freed from the remainder of the bydrocarbons and
other products which it still retains, which pass into a tank E where they collect
and can be withdrawn, and the gas finally passes away from the scrubber D by the
pipe F, and can be utilized for heating boilers or for other purposes.
It will be seen that by the novel arrangements described, the apparatus is very
simple and easily made and used, can be very easily cleaned, and is not liable to
get out of order; and it is found that when the valuable oils and other products of
کان باند

page_text: the coking are collected in the manner described the quantity and quality of the
coke obtained are not injuriously affected.
It is evident that the relative positions and character of the different parts of the
apparatus for condensing, washing, and separating, may be varied and modified
more or less to suit different circumstances, such as the number and relative
positions of the ovens, and the character of the coal used.
In order that when necessary the coke may be conveniently watered in the
usual way before it is drawn from the oven, we make the inclined pipe u moveable
so that it can be readily removed and replaced, the stop-valve outside it being of
course closed when it is being so moved. And at or near the same level with and
by the side of the moveable pipe u we arrange a second pipe H which may be of
smaller diameter and the front end of which passes through the wall or foundation
of the oven at K (figure 2) and is conducted away to any suitable drain or place
where the waste water can be discharged.
The inner end of the pipe H is arranged in such a position in the channel which
carries it and the pipe u, that when the latter is removed, as shewn in figure 5, a
moveable board or plate I can be inserted into a position diagonally across the
channel, so that when water is admitted into the oven for the purpose of damping
the coke as described, such water after passing through the slits in the floor land
down the channels o; instead of passing into and filling the pipe u is diverted into
the drain pipe K, along which it passes and is discharged without the main gas
pipes being affected.
When the oven has been re-charged with coal, the inclined board I is removed
and the moveable pipe u replaced, and when the air is forced into the upper part
of the oven, the stop valve v can be opened and the gases and other products of
the coking process are forced through the slits in the floor 7, and thence along the
channels o and down through the moveable pipe u and the open valves to the
tank y, condenser A, and scrubber D, as already described.
It will be seen that gas is not admitted into the oven, as the heated air forced
through the pipe i into its upper part is sufficient to carry on the process of coking,
and the surface of the coal is not burned away or injured.
The lowest part of the floor of the oven may be at its centre, or other convenient
part, instead of in front.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :—
1. The coke oven and apparatus, consisting of the coke oven having the pipe d
surrounding it through which heated air is forced in through the open upturned
end, the perforated-floor 7, walls m, channels o, opening t and inclined discharge
pipes u and w.
2. Also, the combination with the oven a, pipe d, perforated floor 1, and
discharge pipes u and w of the condensing, cleaning, and separating apparatus g,
A, B, D, and E.
3. Also, the moveable pipe u, in combination with discharge pipe for water H,
and the moveable board or plate I.
All substantially as and for the purposes herein described and shewn in the
drawings.
Dated this 16th day of March 1886.
EDWARDS & Co.,
Agents for the Patentees.