Improvements in the Tyres of Wheels.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 14th July, 1893-Accepted, 14th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Tyres of Wheels.
I GEORGE BARKER of Sutton Coldfield in the County of Stafford Consulting
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
-
My invention has for its object improvements in the tyres of wheels and is
specially applicable to pneumatic tyres but it may be applied to either cushion or
solid tyres and is for the purpose of limiting the tread to a small area without
substantially reducing the resiliency of elastic tyres. The result will be less
slipping both lengthwise and crosswise. Wheels have been made with a pneumatic
tyre having a ridge upon them or an extra solid rubber tyre continuous and also
with ridges encircling the tyre for say half or thereabouts of its cross section but
both modes reduce the resiliency and neither entirely prevents slipping in all
directions.
According to my invention I form studs upon the outer casing of the rubber
itself either of the rubber itself or by placing some other material inside or
underneath the rubber or the studs may be put on outside the tyre either by cement
or sewing or rivets and in that case they may be of leather or any hard substance
or something flexible and they may be hollow or solid. By this means the studs
when running being some distance apart do not prevent the tyre from yielding in
all directions but they do prevent slipping in both directions and reduce to some
extent the liability to puncture.
Deted this 12th day of October 1802
GEORGE BARKER.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Tyres of Wheels.
1, GEORGE BARKER, of Sutton Coldfield, in the County of Stafford, Consulting
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention has for its object improvements in the tyres of wheels and is
specially applicable to pneumatic tyres but it may be applied to either cushion or
solid tyres and is for the purpose of limiting the tread to a small area without
substantially reducing the resiliency of elastic tyres. The result will be less
slipping both lengthwise and crosswise. Wheels have been made with a pneumatic
tyre, having a ridge upon them or an extra solid rubber tyre continuous and also
with ridges encircling the tyre for say half or thereabouts of its cross section but
both modes reduce the resiliency and neither entirely prevents slipping in all
directions. According to my invention I form studs upon the outer casing of the
rubber itself either of the rubber itself or by placing some other material inside or
underneath the rubber or the studs may be put on outside the tyre by cement and
in that case they may be of leather or any hard substance or something flexible and
they may be hollow or solid. By this means the studs when running being some
distance apart do not prevent the tyre from yielding in all directions but they do
prevent slipping in both directions and reduce to some extent the liability to
puncture.
.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood and more easily carried

page_text: into practice I have appended hereunto a double sized sheet of drawings upon
which I have fully illustrated the nature of my said improvements.
Figure 1, is a plan showing my improved studs in elevation.
Figure 2, is a longitudinal section through part of a wheel.
Figure 3, is a cross section through Figure 2.on the line 1-2.
Figure 4, is a similar cross section to Figure 3 but showing a modification in the
shape of the stud.
Figure 5, is a section through Figure 1 showing the studs in elevation.
Figure 6, is a similar section to Figure 5 but showing three rows of studs.
Figure 7, is a part section through a tyre showing.one form of stud in section.
Figure 8, is a similar section to Figure 7 but showing a modification in its
formation.
Figure 9, is also a similar section to Figure 7 showing a further modification.
Figure 10, also shows a further modification.
Figures 11, & 12 shows plans of tyres illustrating various shapes and arrange-
ments of the studs.
In carrying my invention into effect I form a number of studs a' worked up into
the outer casing A of the pneumatic tyre in solid rubber as shown at Figure 7 or
by placing some other material inside the rubber where studs a² of harder substance
such as wood, metal, cane, ivory solid or hollow or other material are inserted
between the canvas B and outer covering A as shown by Figures 2 and 3 and these
studs may be varied in their section and height as illustrated by Figure 4 where
the end of the studs are made more pointed. The harder substance may be
inserted during the manufacture of the outer covering as shown by a³ Figure 8 so
that the hard substance would not be seen on either side of the cover or the
material may be raised and hardened in the particular parts indicated the buttons
of whatever material they may be made may be inserted between the outer
covering A and canvas B without any projection being formed in the outer covering
to receive it as shown by a Figure 10 the natural tendency of the stud while in
wear being to project beyond the softer surrounding material of the cover and thus
obtain a bite of the road. The stud may be formed hollow on the outer casing as
shown by a Figure 9 or the studs may be put on outside the tyre by means of
cement. There may be other than one row of studs as per a Figure 6 and they
may be arranged so as to be moderately close to each other or a greater distance
apart, various examples of the arrangement being shown by Figures 11 & 12.
The projections on the rubber or other casing or the harder substances inserted
may be round, square, oval, rectangular, or other equivalent shape so long as they
are never continuous in any direction and when they are oval it is a short oval as
any form of continuous projection must cause a stiffness either in a transverse or
longitudinal direction. My studs therefore prevent the tyre from slipping in any
direction and by reason of the insertion of the hard studs the chance of puncturing
is considerably reduced while the resiliency of the tyre is not affected as in the case
of ribs which run in any direction.
In cases where ribs are formed on the tyre these may be produced in the same
manner as the studs that is to say, by placing hard material underneath as herein-
before explained for the studs but it must be understood that I never claim forming
such ribs in whatever directions they may run from the casing material itself.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion & in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. In tyres for wheels the studs formed upon the surface whether of the same
or a harder material substantially as & for the purpose herein set forth and shown
upon the accompanying sheet of drawings.
2nd. In tyres for wheels studs or projections formed by means of a harder
substance placed under the cover whether solid or hollow substantially as and for
the purpose herein set forth and shown upon the accompanying drawings..

page_text: 3rd. In tyres having ribs formed upon their face out of the same material as the
tyre producing or stiffening such ribs by placing underneath or inside the casing
harder portions.
GEORGE BARKER.