IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WINDING, UNWINDING, REELING, CLEANSING, MEASURING, SORTING. WEIGHING, TWISTING. AND DOUBLING SILK AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Rudolph Bodmer, of 2, Thavies Inn, Holborn, in
the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR WINDING, UNWINDING, REELING, CLEANSING, MEASURING,
SORTING. WEIGHING, TWISTING. AND DOUBLING SILK AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES." A communication from Friederich Buser, of Bâle, in
.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Rudolph Bodmer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 29th September 1857. pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RUDOLPH
BODMER, of 2, Thavies Inu, Holborn, in the City of London, send greeting,
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention which has been commu-
nicated to me by Friederich Buser, of Bâle, in Switzerland, for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WINDING, UNWINDING, REELING, CLEANSING,
MEASURING, SORTING, WEIGHING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING SILK AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my
executors,administrators,and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same,
and have made solemn declaration that the same has been communicated to
me, as aforesaid.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Rudolph Bodmer, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully
[Price 8d.]

page_text: describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed (that is to say) :-
These improvements relate, firstly, to a novel method of giving motion to
the spools or bobbins, whereby the tension of the thread is equalized and can
be regulated at pleasure; secondly, to the application of a very simple guide
motion; thirdly, to an improved coping motion, which produces a conical shape
of bobbin; fourthly, to a self-acting apparatus for regulating the motion of the
thread guide in proportion to the increase of the bobbin ; fifthly, to a peculiar
method of keeping the thread, on being unwound from the bobbin, at an
uniform tension; sixthly, to an improved disposition of the ordinary adjustable
reel; seventhly, to an improved adjustable reel, applicable to skeins of larger
sizes; eighthly, to a cleansing machine of a simple construction; ninthly, to a
novel method of measuring the length of the thread upon the bobbin, and
sorting the same by weighing, as well as to an apparatus in connection with
the winding machine for correctly measuring the length of each thread;
tenthly, to the application of bobbins of small diameter in the operation of
preparing and twisting silk, especially organsin, tram, and singles; eleventhly,
to a novel construction of the spindle, and to an improved system of driving
the same, as applied to machinery for twisting and doubling organsin, sowing
silk and thread, highly twisted weft, and so on; twelfthly, to a self-acting
stopping motion of the spindle, acting in the case of a thread breaking,
acquiring too strong a tension, or being spent ; thirteenthly, to a self-acting
apparatus for regulating the amount of twist, in combination with a stopping
apparatus acting upon the whole of the spindles at once; fourteenthly, to a
machine for effecting the doubling and twisting of weft, warp, knitting
yarn, &c., in one operation; fifteenthly, to an improved glass eyelet and a
combination of such eyelets, for the purpose of keeping the thread at an
uniform tension; sixteenthly, to an improved scale or weighing machine.
In order that these improvements may be more easily understood, and
readily carried into effect, I shall now proceed to describe the same, reference
being had to the annexed Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon. And I wish to observe, that as in some cases several of the
improvements separately mentioned in the preamble are applied to one and
the same machine, the various improvements will not be referred to in the
following description in the same order in which they are enumerated in
the preamble.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
The improved winding machine distinguishes itself from those which have
hitherto been employed for silk principally in this, that the spindles are placed

page_text: In such a position that the prolongation of their axis intersects the axis of the
driving shaft, whilst in the usual arrangement the spindles are parallel to the
axis of the driving shaft, although in this, as well as in the machines or
apparatus generally employed, the spindles are set in motion by friction
contact. This friction, and consequently the tension of the thread, could not
however be increased or diminished without either increasing the weight of
the spindle or the diameter of the whirl: now, owing to the improved con-
struction, the friction can, with the greatest facility and by the most simple
means, be adjusted according to the requirements of the case, and that as well
with reference to the weight of the spindle and the bobbin as to the diameter
of the whirl, consequently most of the difficulties which usually present
themselves with regard to the operation of winding can be thus overcome.
In Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is a sectional side view, and Fig. 2 an elevation, of one
mode of applying these improvements, the same lettersof reference designating
the same object. a is the spindle; b, the friction discs; c, the driving shaft ;
d, the shaft or rod which holds and supports the thread guides; c, the thread
guides themselves. The whole apparatus is moveable about the axis of the
driving shaft c, so that the spindles may assume any desirable position from
the vertical to the horizontal one; it is evident that when in the former
position, the whole weight of the spindle and bobbin rests upon the whirl, in
which case the friction will consequently be a maximum, and that on the
contrary, in the latter case the weight can exert no influence whatever upon
the whirl, owing to which circumstance the friction is reduced to zero;
therefore, by placing the apparatus in a suitable position upon its axis, the
friction can be adapted to any given circumstances, and to range from the
highest to the lowest point. This adjustment of the spindles may be effected
by moving the apparatus, that is, all the parts which give motion to or are
connected with the spindles upon the boss gas upon a centre, in a bearing in
the framework, and setting the same in any required position by means of
the set screw in the slot i. In addition to this, the friction discs b can be
made to drive the spindles at a greater or less velocity by moving the driving
shaft c either to the right or to the left, so as to cause the friction disc to act
upon the whirl 7 of the hobbin at a less or greater distance from the centre of
the latter. This may be effected by releasing the set screw and moving the
shaft e longitudinally in its bearings, or by any other suitable means. As the
tension of the thread increases or decreases (the friction remaining the same)
with the velocity of the spindle or bobbin, it is evident that the tension can
also be regulated by the greater or less velocity of the spindle. The apparatus.
for guiding the thread along the spindle consists of one or two excentrics,

page_text: according to the shape in which the thread is to be wound upon the bobbin,
one excentric only being used where the process of winding on is to terminate
on the same point at both ends, and two excentrics being employed in case the
range of the guide is intended to vary each time one layer has been formed.
The construction of the apparatus remains the same in both cases, with this
difference only, that in the latter case both m and n are cams or excentrics,
whilst in the former case m is simply a circular disc. The disc m revolves
upon a stud, and is connected with a spur wheel o, which gears into a pinion p
on the driving shaft; the cam n, on the other hand, turns upon an adjustable
'stud 2, , and the two gear into each other like spur wheels; both are provided
with teeth, but the number of teeth in the one must not be a multiple of the
number of teeth in the other. The stud 2 passes through a slot in the
bracket, which projects from the boss r, the latter forming the bearing for
the shaft or rod d, and thus an oscillating motion is imparted to the latter, and
thereby also to the wires e which guide the thread. By means of this simple
contrivance it is possible to give to the bobbin almost any desirable shape.
Fig. 6 represents an improved winding machine, which acts in connection
with the apparatus marked A, above described. The reels which are generally
used for this purpose may be assumed as well known, but as the quality of the
reel also depends upon its weight, the lightest being also the most useful, as it
acquires less momentum, and is therefore less objectionable in winding fine
threads. I shall proceed to describe the improved reel, represented half size,
with reference to Figs. 4 & 5. It is made of very light wood, with the exception
of the wire hooks, and the bands or hoops of light tin plate by which the
former are attached to the racks which constitute the arms of the reel. This
reel is applicable to skeins of from 4 to S and from 6 to 12 feet in circum-
ference; for skeins under 4 feet it would be too heavy. Two arms b, Fig. 6,
which carry the reel, are connected at their point of oscillation by means of a
cross piece c, so that the position of the reel with regard to the spindle can be
adjusted to suit its increased or reduced size, as shown in dotted lines. This
may be effected by a ratchet segment and clicks, or any other contrivance, or
as shown in the Drawing, by moving the arm b along the circular slot d to the
required position, and fixing it by a screw and nut. The same screw is also
intended to secure in its position the cross piece e on the arm f, by means of
the link g, the object of which mechanism is to protect the reel. The spindles
of the winding machine may either be rotating or stationary, in which latter
case the upper bearing is removed, and the whirl works upon the spindle by
means of a tube. Owing to the peculiar mode of driving the bobbins, any kind
of bobbin may be used, but bobbius of small diameter labor under the dis-
.. J

page_text: advantage that when the silk is uneven, and therefore owing to the threads
adhering to each other, almost unavoidably becomes tangled, the unwinding
becomes a matter of far greater difficulty than with bobbins with a larger
diameter. The latter also offer the advantage that the difference between the
empty and the full bobbin in not so great. When bobbins are used in which
the diameter increases gradually and considerably from each end towards the
middle, the body being therefore curvilinear, it is necessary both in winding
and unwinding constantly to vary the speed of the bobbin, and that so much
the more the less its diameter; bobbins of a large diameter however may
again become objectionable in consequence of their weight and the momentum
they acquire owing to it. All these considerations lead to the adoption of
bobbins of a large diameter, being at the same time as light as the nature of
the case will admit.
These improvements are calculated to combine all the advantages desired,
and they consist in substituting for the massive bobbin generally in use alight
tube of paper, or other material. These tubes can be made in any convenient
lengths and cut off to the dimensions required, and the bobbins may be con-
structed as shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, or even as in Fig. 3, where the shape
of the bobbin is determined by pieces of wire; the spindles or skewers, which
must be as light as possible, may serve both for winding and unwinding. A
winding machine suitable for all sizes of skeins is represented in transverse
section in Fig. 7, and in front elevation in Fig. 8; Fig. 9 showing in detail
on-an enlarged scale, and in ground plan, the frame which carries the upper,
and Fig. 10 that which carries the lower reels called "lantern reels." The
"lantern reels" a, b, c, & d, are adjustable on the guide bar i, the upper
brackets e&f being connected with each other by an angle piece, which
embraces the guide bar i on two sides, and is pressed against it by the spring
k (see Fig. 7), whilst the lower brackets g & h are each separately adjustable,
and are held against the guide bar i by a spring m (see Fig. 9). The lock nuts
n serve the purpose of placing each of the "lantern reels" in such a position
that the skeins shall occupy the middle of them. The bridles (see Fig :),
which are fixed into the brackets g&h by the caps l,serve as guards to prevent
the loose threads from getting entangled on their passing over the "lantern
reel," and also to keep the skeins away from the edge of the reel.. After the
"lautern reels" a & b have been placed on the guide bar i by means of their
brackets e&f, so as to stand at right angles with the reels c & d, the skein
can be passed over a, c, b, &d, as shown in the Drawing, and thus accomodate
a skein of more than 30 feet in length. When the "lantern reels" are placed
as shown with reference to a¹, b¹, c¹, & d¹ in Fig. 8, that is, the two pairs

page_text: .
immediately opposite and parallel to each other, they are intended to be used
for two skeins, the one passing over a¹ & c', whilst the other passes over
6' & d', in which case the length is one half of that before mentioned. These
reels may also be used in conjunction with the winding apparatus marked A.
The improved cleausing machine consists, as shown in transverse section in
Fig. 11, and in elevation in Fig. 12, in an arrangement for unwinding the
bobbins in a single or double cleansing machine, and in a winding apparatus.
The contrivance for unwinding can be adapted at pleasure for spindles placed
vertically or horizontally, which receive the tubes or bobbins whose threads are
to be cleansed. In the cleansing apparatus the theads pass each separately
between two bars, which are so placed as to arrest the thread to which
impurities cling, in order that it may be removed, and behind these a third
bar crossing the other two is fixed, over which the thread subsequently passes.
Fig. 13, sheet 2, represents in elevation, and Fig. 14 in ground plan, the
most simple construction of a cleansing machine of this kind. The bars a are
locked between the board fand the plate g, the cross bar 6 being let into the
boardf, and the set screw e with the wedge c serving as a means to regulate
the distance between the bars. In the case of single cleansing, the bars a
serve at the same time as guides for the threads, the threads passing from
thence directly upon the bobbiu or tube, as shown at B, Fig. 11. When
double cleansing is practised, the bars are fixed to the framing, and the thread
is supported by a hook h, covered with cloth or other similiar material, and
which serves at the same time as guide to the thread c. The winding
apparatus and coping motion described with reference to Figs. 1 & 2, are
here applied, with the exception of the peculiar mode of regulating the
position of the spindles, as in this case the change in the position of the
friction disc with regard to the whirl answers every purpose.
The measuring the single threads on their bobbins simplifies the sorting
considerably, not only because the difficult process of winding the measured
skeins once more upon bobbins is dispensed with, but moreover, because the
sorting is effected whilst the bobbins are being formed for the process of
twisting, and therefore involve no extra operation nor extra expense, with the
exception of the measuring and weighing apparatus.
Another favorable result is, that the bobbins can be placed upon the
doubling machineimmediately after being weighed; this prevents errors, which
are almost unavoidable when the sorting is effected in skeins which have to be
wound, to say nothing of the injury to which the threads are exposed by so
much handling,
It is a well-known fact, that it is almost impossible to produce a good

page_text: article, especially in silk, without sorting before the operation of twisting is
commenced.
The apparatus for measuring single threads does not apply to the measuring
upon bobbins only, but may be applied in conjunction with any other method
of winding even with the reel, as it is self-acting, and therefore renders the
accuracy of the measuring process independent of the workman, which is not
the case with the ordinary skein reel. It would take up too much time to
show and to describe all the modes of applying this improved measuring
system, the principles upon which it is based will therefore only be explained
with reference to one application of it as a sample. The thread is so passed
round a very light circular discs,(see Figs, 19 & 20,) (which, for the purpose
of guidance, is furnished on its circumference with a groove), that it com-
municates in its progress a rotary motion to the disc, the circumferential
velocity of which shall represent the length of the thread passed over. The
circumference of this disc representing a certain measure it is possible to
measure the length of every thread by any desirable combination of counters,
a great many kinds of which are known and used for various purposes. A
combination of wheelwork would probably answer best, the last wheel in the
series representing the measure of the length of the thread. The functions of
this counter must vary according to the mode of measuring required; for
winding skeins of cotton, for instance, on a reel, the thread guide must
after the first measurement is completed be moved forward a notch, the
same after the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, & 6th, whilst after the 7th measurement
the thread must be cut off. When measuring the length of a thread which
is being wound on a bobbin, it is only necessary, after the measurement is
complete, to stop the spindle, an object which can be effected in various
ways, according to the construction of the counter.
In the accompanying Drawing, Figs. 19 & 20, the peg f is raised by the
counter after the requisite length of thread has been wound upon the bobbin,
and lifts the spindle a out of reach of the friction disc or wheel b. In order
to ensure a correct result, it is necessary that the thread should be prevented
from becoming loose on the disc s; this may be done in various ways, amongst
others, by means of the lever g, to which I shall again refer. As has been
above observed, there is a great advantage in effecting the measurement of the
thread previous to commencing the operation of twisting, the measuring
apparatus ought, consequently,at once to furnish the bobbins for the doubling
machine; but as it is desirable, in order to avoid all interruptions during
the process of twisting, to wind the thread in the shape of a cone upon
its spool or bobbin, the coping motion, previously described, must be modified

page_text: in order to produce the desired result. It may consist of two scrolls or
eccentrics placed side by side, both of the same size, but revolving at different
velocities; an arrangement which, owing to its simplicity, is applicable and
serviceable in a great many cases. This coping motion is represented with
reference to Figs. 19 & 20. n & m are the two scrolls or excentrics which
turn loose upon the stud y, and are connected respectively with the spur
wheels o &p,the latter exceeding the former in diameter, which receive their
motion from the pinions q & r, the excentrics n & m acting upon a lever
which has its fulcrum at w, and which communicates motion to the thread
guide. This mechanism causes the thread to be wound up in the form
represented in Fig. 21; but as the bobbins to be suitable for weighing must
be very light, and therefore without ends, a coping motion, producing the
form of bobbin or cop represented in Fig. 22, will be required. And in order
to attain the highest perfection it becomes an essential condition that the
thread guide should in one direction always change its motion at the moment
when the lever rests upon the lowest point of the two scrolls; to attain which
object not only a periodical but a gradual permanent displacement of the
thread guide from the beginning to the termination of the winding process
must be effected. Since, however, the winding up does not take place simul-
taneously on all the spindles, but separately on each, this displacement of the
thread guide cannot be common, and the same with regard to all the spindles
at once, but it must be regulated so as to suit each particular spindle. This
movement may be made dependent upon the increase of the bobbin, and in the
case referred to, more conveniently upon the counter; for instance,in Figs. 19
& 20 the shaft d is in connection by means of the arm t and the link u,
the coping motion, whereby the. thread guide e receives its motion through
the arm 2. The guide e passes through an opening in the casing D of the
counter, and touches, when in its lowest position, the circumference of the
scroll, which is attached to or cast on the counter wheel, and as the arm
is not firmly connected with the shaft d, but merely to such an extent that
it can give way upon pressure being applied, and the scroll z making one
complete revolution for each filling of the bobbin, the thread guide will
during the process be gradually raised relatively to the spindle, and thus
tend to produce the required shape of bobbin or cop.
with
The improved sorting balance is shown with reference to Figs. 15 & 16,
(the division applying to "Deniers" as they are used in the weighing of silk).
is the prolonged working lever, and acts at the same time as indicator, the
needle being intended for the reception of the object to be weighed.
The axis consists of a sowing needle, which is held at both ends d & e

page_text: (see Fig. 15) in the framing; the lever a oscillates upon it by means of
the boss f,which may be lined with glass or jewels. By changing the position
of the screw g, which serves as a weight, placing it nearer to or further from
the axis, the weight to be indicated can be adjusted, the screw h serving to
make allowance for the paper tubes. The divisions are such as to indicate
correctly the unit of weight, as fractions are in this case left out of the question.
The even numbers are indicated by the marks, the odd ones, on the contrary by
the spaces between them, a system which, with a little practise, facilitates the
readings most considerably; for instance, the mark indicating 60 begins at
59, and terminates at 60; the intervening space 61 begins at 60, and
terminates at 61; the next division goes from 61 to 62, and so on. In
order to avoid the inconvenientoscillations of the indicator whenthe object to
be weighed is being changed, a kind of break i is applied, which, by means of
a spring,acts upon the boss, and is connected with the knob k by levers and a
link inside the framing. By applying the finger to the knob or button k with
a slight pressure the lever a is liberated, and will quickly indicate the weight
of the object suspended on b. The plumb bob 7 serves to place the weighing
machine in its proper position by means of the set screws m & n; as, in
order to insure a correct result, the needle 6 must be strictly parallel to the
axis c,a ruler o is fixed to the foot of the framing which runs parallel with the
axis c, and by depressing the indicator into its vertical position, and thus
placing the needle b against the ruler o, the least deviation from its true
position can be immediately detected and rectified. This is, moreover, the
most suitable position for the indicator when the scale is not being used, as
it protects it from injury.
The method of imparting to the thread, as it is being wound off from
moveable or stationary spindles, an uniform tension is shown in Fig. 25. a is
the spindle, and the apparatus which is intended to produce tension consists of
a slender finger, rod, bar, or lever b, through an eyelet on the upper end of
which the thread passes on its passage to the spindle. The lever b has a
tendency, either by its gravity or by the force of a spring, to draw the thread
away from the spindle,and as the thread has an opposite tendency a uniformity
of tension is established. The winding off proceeds until the thread forms a
certain angle with the spindle; when more thread is being wound off than can
be taken up, this angle is exceeded, owing to the increased distance of the
lever from the spindle, when consequently the process of unwinding becomes
for the moment interrupted, and until the finger b reassumes its former posi-
tion. The tension regulator can be rendered still more sensitive by making

page_text: use of more than one finger, for instance, two on opposite sides of the spindle,
and so that the thread passes from thefirst to the second,and from thence back
again to the first finger or tension rod. It is scarcely necessary to mention
that the spindle may be placed either in a horizontal position, as indicated in
the Drawing, or in any other convenient position.
The novel combination and mode of driving the spindles for twisting
organism and for other double twists is represented in Figs. 23 & 24, where a
represents the spindle which effects the preparatory twisting, and to which
the above-described tension regulating apparatus is applied. The whirls are
marked d; they revolve in bearings e & f,and are driven by an endless band
g which passes over them (see Fig. 23). The whirl h of the receiving spindle
for the second twisting rests upon the strap or band g with its whole weight,
immediately opposite and between two of the former ones, so that the band is
compelled to drive the upper as well as the lower spindles in opposite direc-
tions. It is evident that any convenient number of sets of spindles can be
driven by the same band with a very small space between them. The whirl
his hollow, and within it the bobbin moves backward and forward, in the
usual manner, and the horizontal position of the spindles offers the advantage
of impressing the gravity into the service, and thus simplifying the construc-
tion of the machine; nevertheless these improvements can be applied to any
other position of the spindles. The apparatus for stopping the machine in the
case of the tension becoming too strong, or a thread being spent, consists
simply in so connecting the finger or tension bar with a stopping mechanism,
that when the stopping bar too far exceeds the limits of its original position
the stopping apparatus is called into play. For the horizontal position of the
spindles, assumed in Figs. 23 & 24, a catch o hinging on pins r on each side
of the bearing f, leans when in a state of rest against f. On one end of the
whirls by which the spindles are set in motion an excentrics is fixed, and as
soon as the catch o, by the mechanism, which will be hereafter described, is
pushed beyond the bearing f, the excentric s strikes against it and raises the
whirl from its horizontal position, whereby it is removed from contact with
the band 9, which therefore ceases to drive either of the three spindles, the
removal of the pressure upon the band g having deprived it of its driving
power. That end of the tension rod b which is opposite to the loop through
which the thread passes is in connection with a lever t which hinges on the
pin u, so that on there being too much tension on the thread the tension rod
will approach the spindle a more than usual, the lever t will therefore depress
the catch o and bring it in contact with the exenctric s,and the consequence

page_text: will be an instantaneous stoppage of the whole set of spindles. On the other
hand, when a thread is spent or run off, the tension rod b drops, and the lower
part of the levert presses the catch o forward with the same result.
For simplicity's sake the apparatus for regulating the twist is shown as
being common to the whole system, it must therefore possess the property of
allowing the thread to continue to move regularly so long as the respective
spindles revolve, and of causing all action upon the thread to cease as soon as
the spindles are stopped. This is effected in the following manuer :-The
cylinder and bar m extend from one end of the machine to the other; the
threads are separately passed round both of them several times, and after
meeting in the eye n they are once more passed over the cylinder 1, from
thence they are passed into the head of the spindle i, traversing the whirl h,
and finally issuing through the eye k, whence they are wound upon the spool
or bobbin, which by means of the spindle rail v receives a reciprocating
motion, at the same time that through h a rotary motion is imparted to it.
The tension which is necessary for winding the thread is produced as usual by
friction on the spool or bobbiu itself, or on the tube on which the bobbins are
stuck; and as this teusion of the thread extends as far as the cylinder, and
therefore also affects the several folds or windings referred to, the cylinder
causes its circumferential velocity to be communicated to the thread. On the
spindles coming to a stand-still, however, this tension is neutralized, and the
thread in all its windings becomes loose, so that the cylinder revolves without
producing any effect upon the thread. In order to keep the threads separate
until they meet in the loop ", a number of pins forming a kind of rake w
may be fixed between 7 & m.
The above-described apparatus for doubling and twisting will also answer
the purpose when the spindles for preparatory twisting are made stationary
instead of moveable. When, however, a great many threads are to be
twisted into one, this arrangement would occupy too much room. The modi-
fication shown with reference to Figs. 26 & 27 would be more suitable
under such circumstances. The winding-off spindles p, which are intended
to supply one winding-up spindle, are in this case placed one over the
other. The tension bar b, which may be made simply of wire, hinges upon
a pin, a short branch of it extending from the pin downwards and sideways,
on both sides, within a short distance of a wire z, which moves on gudgeons
at q, and is in contact with the bent piece y, which in its turn is in connection
with the catch o; therefore, as soon as the wire z is pushed in the direction of
the arrows it presses upon the piece y which hinges in u, and that again on
the catch o which is hinged in r, whereby the winding-up spindle, through the

page_text: tension bar belonging to which this pressure has been effected, is immediately
stopped, in the manner already described. Each unwinding spindle being
provided with its tension bar, whose lower branches are so disposed as to act
upon the wire z when it exceeds its legitimate distance from the spindle,
either upwards or downwards, as shown in the Drawing, it is evident that
the winding-up spindle will be stopped whether the tension exceeds its limit
or whether the thread be spent. It will also be seen that the number of
unwinding spindles may be increased at pleasure without any more room
being occupied, except in the direction of the height of the machine. The
ordinary height of a machine will accomodate 16 spindles. The wire z can
be prolonged at pleasure, as indicated in Fig. 26, without parting with any
of its sensitiveness.
In order to be able to employ spools or bobbins which revolve whilst the
thread is being wound off, the threads must be taken over a rod R, as
shown in dotted lines,
When the machine is to be fed exclusively with spools which revolve during
the process of unwinding, these improvements can be applied in a more
simple manner, as shown in Fig. 17 in front view, and Fig. 18 in a side
view, partly in section. The stop catch o has, in this case, its fulcrum at r;
the tension bar bis affixed to the disc t, and the angle piece m turns upon
the same axis with the disc t, the weight of which preponderates sufficiently
to cause it to press the stop catch o forward, by means of the angle piece m
as soon as it ceases to be upheld by the thread, whereby the spindle is
immediately stopped, as above explained.
The property which threads, and especially silk threads, have of cutting into
metal by continued friction, may become very troublesome, and for this reason
it has long been customary to line or surround the parts where such an effect
is likely to be produced with glass or porcelain materials, which are less subject
to be so acted upon, but more fragile. It is therefore essential, where glass
eyelets are used, that they should be made as durable, and at the same time
as easy of replacement, as possible. The improved eyelet of glass appearing
to fulfill these conditions,shall now, in conclusion, be described, with reference
to Fig. 28 & 29. It consists in a short glass tube (see Fig. 28), and its
setting consists also of a short metal tube, into which the eyelet is inserted as
into a box, after the latter has been permanently placed in its position. This
tube
may either be closed and the eyelet firmly secured in it, for instance, by
the invertion of a piece of paper, or it may be cut open, as shown in the
Drawing, in which case the eyelet is held fast by the elasticity of the tube.
When a number of these eyelets are so arranged (see Fig. 30) in two

page_text: opposite rows, which are kept asunder by a small force, that on their being
brought together they form one continuous tube, with larger or smaller inter-
stices, so that the thread can be drawn through the whole series of them at
once, by means of a small hook, a contrivance is produced which admits of the
most varied and useful applications for producing a tension of the thread. An
application of this kind is indicated in the measuring machine described with
reference to Figs. 19 & 20, and marked g, as also in the doubling machine,
Fig. 27, at 61 & 61.
Having now described the nature of these improvements, and the mode of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I claim
as the Invention intended to be secured to me by the above in part recited
Letters Patent, is, -
Firstly, the peculiar method of regulating the friction of the whirl upon
the friction disc, by placing the bobbin in any suitable position from the vertical
to the horizontal one, according to the amount of tension which may be
required, as shown and described with reference to Figs. 1 & 2 of Drawings.
Secondly, the peculiar combination of parts which constitute the winding
or coping motion, described with reference to and marked m, n, r, 'd, & e, in
Figs. 1 & 2 of Drawings.
Thirdly, the making the body of the bobbin of paper instead of solid wood,
so as to ensure lightness, as shown and described with reference to Fig. 1, a,
and to Fig. 3.
Fourthly, the peculiar construction of the reel. as shown and described in
detail with reference to Figs. 4 & 5 of Drawings; also the peculiar method
of protecting the reel by means of the bar e, lever f,and link g, as described
with reference to Fig. 6 of Drawings.
Fifthly, the peculiar combination of parts forming the reel, shown and
described with reference to Figs. 7, 8, 9, & 10 of Drawings, as adapted for
large skeins, the drums or pulleys over which the skeins pass being adjustable
on a bar.
Sixthly, the peculiar disposition and arrangement of the bars marked a in
the cleansing machine, shown and described with reference to Figs. 11, 12,
13, & 14 of Drawings, by which the threads to which impurities attach are
arrested, as well as the method of regulating their distance from each other
by means of the wedge c and screw 6.
Seventhly, the application of a disc (marked s in Figs. 19 & 20 of Draw-
ings), over which the thread passes during the process of winding, and
which indicates the length of the thread by means of suitable counters, with
which it is connected in the manner herein-before described.

page_text: Eighthly, the application of bobbins of small diameter in the preparation
and twisting of silk, especially organsin, tram, and singles.
Ninthly, the peculiar arrangement of parts shown and described with refe-
rence to Figs. 19 & 20 of Drawings, and marked m, n, o, p, q, 1, 1, u, t, a, e,
and which constitute the coping motion, for winding the thread on the
spindle in the shape of a cone.
Tenthly, the peculiar construction and arrangement of parts constituting
the sorting scale, as shown and described with reference to Figs. 15 & 16
of Drawings.
Eleventhly, the peculiar mechanism by which the tension of the thread is
regulated, by means of the tension bar, finger, or rod, marked 6 in Figs. 17,
18, 24, & 25, and b, 61, 61, in Figs. 26 & 27 of Drawings, in the manner
described.
Twelfthly, the peculiar combination of parts marked m, t, o, s, in Figs. 17
& 18, t, o, s, in Figs. 23 & 24, and u, y, z, o, s, in Figs. 26 & 27 of Drawings,
which constitute the apparatus for throwing the spindles out of gear, and
act in combination with the tension bars, fingers, or rods, marked respectively
b, b, & b, b', & 61, in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
Thirteenthly, the peculiar combination of parts marked & m in Figs. 17
& 18, 23 & 24, 26 & 27 of Drawings, by which the twist is regulated, in the
manner herein-before described.
Fourteenthly, the peculiar arrangement of the stationary unwinding spindles
marked P, in Figs. 26 & 27 of Drawings, by which the machine becomes
adapted for twisting a great number of threads into one without occupying
more room than is compatible with the advantages gained.
Fifteenthly, the peculiar method of driving the spindles of machinery for
twisting organsin, &cc., as shown and described with reference to Figs. 23 &
24 of Drawings.
Sixteenthly, the peculiar construction and combination of eyelets, as shown
and described with reference to Figs. 19 & 20, 28, 29, & 30 of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Rudolph Bodmer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
RUDOLPH BODMER. (1.s.)