Improvements in Machines for the Preparation of Matrices or Moulds for the Production of Type for Printing.
Year: 1891

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for the Preparation of Matrices or Moulds
for the Production of Type for Printing.
We JAMES STENHOUSE SCOTT of North End House West Kensington in
the County of Middlesex Gentleman and FRANK BRACEBRIDGE MILLS of 8 Red
Lion Street, Clerkenwell in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention for improvements in machines for the preparation of matrices or
moulds for the production of type for printing has for its object to form matrices
or moulds for producing lines of type for letter press or other printing automati-
cally one line at a time so that one such whole line may be placed in position on
the cylinder or form of the printing machine complete, and thereby dispense with
the ordinary tedious method of composing with single type: and consists essentially
of a wheel or disc on the periphery of which are arranged single type, and one of
which may be caused by the depression of a corresponding finger key to be
impressed into a card which is traversed longitudinally underneath the said type
until a complete line of impressions is formed, when it is automatically arranged
in column form for examination and correction and conveyed to a reservoir ready
for removal to the casting apparatus, fresh cards being successively fed into position
to be impressed as required.
In the accompanying eighteen sheets of illustrative drawings two arrangements of
machines or apparatus for the preparation of matrices or moulds for the production
of type for printing are represented, one shown in Figs. 1 to 47 in which the
operations are entirely mechanical and in the other shown in Figs. 48 to 63 partly
electrical and partly mechanical.
Figs. 1 to 47 represent a machine constructed according to this invention in
which there are four type wheels, the spacing being controlled directly from or
by the finger keys. The four type wheels each containing forty-three type or
character punches comprise four distinct alphabets consisting of small text and
corresponding capitals, italics, and italic capitals, the numerals 0 to 9 and the signs
and stops commonly used in letterpress printing.
Fig. 1 is a plan of the machine, half the key board being removed to show the
spacing mechanism underneath.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation with parts removed and showing the position of the
impression mechanism under the type wheels.
Fig. 3 is a left hand end elevation the matrix reservoir being removed.
Fig. 4 is a right hand end elevation.
Fig. 5 is a cross section looking towards the left hand.
Fig. 6 is a front elevation partly in section showing the mechanism for columning
the impressed matrices and
Fig. 7 is a cross section of the matrix reservoir or magazine.
Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 represent to an enlarged scale the connections between the
finger keys and the impression mechanism and the relative positions of various parts
at different periods during one cycle of operations.
Fig. 13 is a back elevation of the impression mechanism.
Fig 14 is an end elevation of the same and
Fig. 15 is a front elevation of the same showing also means for correcting or
justifying the position of the type-wheel previous to taking an impression.
Figs. 16, 17, 18 are detail views of parts of the impression and correcting or
justifying mechanism.

page_text: Fig. 19 is a cross sectional elevation of the machine showing the spacing
mechanism.
Fig. 20 is a part section through the stop drum spindle, and
Figs. 21, 22, 23, and 24 are side and end elevations and details showing the means
for changing the type wheels and the unit of spacing simultaneously.
Fig. 25 represents a side elevation of a modified arrangement of spacing
mechanism.
Figs. 26 and 28 are side elevation and part plan respectively of another arrange-
ment of spacing mechanism, and Figs. 27 and 29 are cross-section and front elevation
respectively of details of the same.
Figs. 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 show details of the reservoir for blanks, the
travelling feed band, and the mechanism for guiding, bending, and feeding the blanks
under the type wheels.
Figs. 36 and 37 are plan and elevation respectively of an indicator for showing the
position of the impression punch on the matrix card.
Fig. 38 is a cross-section of a clutch pulley mounted on the stop drum spindle,
and
Figs. 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, and 45 are detail drawings of the various parts of
the same.
Figs. 46 and 47 are side and front elevation respectively of the standards for
supporting the machine, and the pedals for simultaneously changing the spacing and
type wheel.
In the form of machine or apparatus arranged and constructed as shown in
Figs. 1 to 47 inclusive the keyboard consists of forty-nine finger keys six of which
(three at each end) are spacing keys for producing the spaces between the words,
the remaining fortysthree corresponding to the punches in the type wheels. One
finger key a serves for four characters such as a small text letter, a capital, a small
italic, and an italic capital, one on each of the four type wheels shown.
The type wheel carrying the small text punches is normally over the matrix
card or blank c to be impressed but by depressing one of the three pedals d
Figs. 46 and 47 the corresponding type-wheel is brought into position over the
blank.
Turning about the type-wheel axis is the stop drum which is composed of forty
three arms or fingers e arranged helically around the spindle, there being one arm
or finger for every four corresponding type-punches which are in a line parallel to
the axis. The arms or fingers e constituting the stop drum are built up on a
tube g in which the part of the spindle ƒ carrying the type-wheels is allowed to
slide freely in the direction of its length, but is prevented from turning inde-
pendently of it by means of the flattened end of this part working in a corresponding
slot in the other part which is secured to the tube y by means of a pin, and at its
other end to a clutch pulley h connected by a belt to a pulley i on the main shaft /.
The shaft is continuously rotated from any suitable source of power, and the
stop drum and type-wheels b rotate with it and in the same direction until a
key a is depressed, when the motion of the stop drum and type wheels is arrested
with the punch corresponding to the depressed key pointing downwards over the
matrix blank. The rim of the clutch pulley / however continues to rotate, but the
boss which is keyed to the spindle remains at rest. The desired type or character
being thus brought into the required position is ready to give an impression to
the blank.
The keys a oscillate upon a fixed rod m and their outer ends are maintained in an
elevated position by helical springs n (Figs. 8 and 19). The inner end of each
key a is provided with a sliding rod or buffer o against which the corresponding
finger of the stop drum strikes when the key is depressed by the operator. The
force of the blow is communicated to a vibrating buffer lever which runs
the whole length of the key board behind the inner ends of the buffers
of the forty-three keys, thus causing it to turn through a small angle against the
force of a spring . The end of the buffer lever p nearest the type-wheels is

page_text: connected mechanically to a catch which is released by its vibration, such release
putting into action the justifying and impression mechanism in a manner herein-
after explained. The six spacing keys are not provided with buffers as it is
obviously not necessary to arrest the motion of the stop drum in order to effect
a space between the words. The remaining forty-three keys are cach provided on
their bottom edge with an oblique tooths which, on the depression of a key engages
in a slot in a tubet turning by the pressure of the tooth and locking the key when
it reaches its lowest position by means of the pawl u engaging with the notched
Thus the tooth is secured and the
disc w fixed on the spindle of the tube t.
finger key a prevented from rising, and consequently the stop drum e from rotating.
When the impression is taken from the punch corresponding to the depressed
finger key, the pawl is disengaged from the notched disc w by the shoe ie so that
the finger key is released and the stop drum and type wheels are again free to
rotate. When one key is depressed a second one cannot be operated until that
previously depressed has been released owing to the tooths of the second finger
key striking foul of the tube t.
The blank matrix cards are stored in a magazine or reservoir a (Figs. 30 to 35)
at the back of the machine from which the successive lowest cards are abstracted
by the projections y on an endless travelling band on its passage beneath it. The
motion of this band is effected and regulated by the spacing mechanism, and it
conveys the blanks under the type wheels, passing over the top of the impression
table or wheel, and rising with it when the card is forced up to take an
impression.
In the machine shown in Figs. 1 to 47 the letter spacing is effected by the
downward motion of the finger keys in the following manner-Each key is
When a
provided with a screw a which passes vertically through its shank.
finger key is depressed this screw comes in contact with a platform ab running the
whole length of the key-board and supported on two oscillating arins ac pivotted at
the back of the frame. The screws au protruding downwards from the shanks
vary in length according to the differences in the spaces required by the various
type corresponding to the keys. When a key is depressed the screw aa at a certain
point strikes and carries with it the platform ab which turns with the arms ac about
their pivot against the force of the spring ad (Fig. 19). As the screws a vary in
length, and as the angular motion allowed to all the keys is the same, the down-
ward motion of the platform ab will vary according to the length of the screw of
the key depressed. The depth of the descent of the platform regulates the extent
of the forward motion of the card previous to the impression of the punch to which
the depressed key corresponds. The arms ac terminate in the inclined cam
surfaces ue which press against a roller af extending the whole length of the key-
board and carried by a rocking frame ag pivotted to the two crank arms ah mounted
on the shaft ai pivotted in the main casting. When the platform ab descends the
cams de engage with the roller af and displace it a certain amount according to
the extent of their descent. Supported in brackets at, and running along the back
of the machine is the shaft am on one end of which is keyed a broad ratchet
wheel an, and on the other end directly under the blanks reservoir is mounted
a flanged pulley ao around which the endless travelling band passes. Working
freely on the said shaft am are four radial arms ap, ap, aq, ar connected together
by a rod as passing through their outer ends: the arms aq, ar carrying on a pin
eight pawls at of varying length in order to obtain a circumferential motion of the
ratchet wheel equal to any multiple of one eighth part of the pitch of its teeth.
The outer arm ar is a double one projecting diametrically on opposite sides of the
ratchet shaft um, and having its upper half connected by a pin sliding in the long-
slotted hole av to the rod aw, the other end of which is connected to the projecting
pivot of the roller af.
When the roller af is displaced by the cams ae its motion will be imparted
through the rod aw arm ar and pawls at to the ratchet wheel an to actuate the
endless steel inatrix band z to move forward the blank card under the type wheel

page_text: a distance varying according to the particular punch impressed. On the.release of
the finger key, the feed mechanism is returned to its normal position by the
spring ac as shown.
As the type characters of the different wheels vary in width the unit of
spacing is readjusted simultaneously with the operation of bringing a fresh type
wheel into position over the card. This is effected as follows:-The crank
shaft (Figs. 19 to 24) carrying the two cranks ah projects beyond the left hand
side of the frame and carries another crank ay provided with a roller az which
bears against the cam ba. In the base of the machine are the three foot levers or
pedals by which the required type-wheel is brought into position over the blank,
and the unit of spacing simultaneously changed to suit the type or character on
the said wheel. The pedals are connected by rods (Figs. 46 and 47) having
elongated holes to crank levers be on the shaft bl each pedal being held normally
in its elevated position by a spring be. On the shaft bd is also mounted another
crank lever which is connected to the oscillating cam lever by by the rod bh, the
said lever being also returned to, and held in its normal position by the spring hi
on the rod bh as is clearly shown. On the lever by is mounted a roller bl engaging
in a notch in the side of the vertical slide bm which when the lever by oscillates is
caused to move endwise in its guides . The upper part of the slide bm is formed
with an oblique guide bo in which slides a block mounted on a pin on a
horizontal slide by working in the outer bearing br of, and connected to, the type-
wheel spindle so that it slides lengthwise with it, and, according to the distance of
travel, which varies according to the vertical travel of the rod bh and slide bm, so
either type-wheel is adjusted over the blank.
Simultaneously with the above action the cam ba on the end of the lever by.
presents a different surface to the roller as which is caused to follow the surface of
the cam by the pull of a spring bs attached to the, crank bt on the shaft ai. By
means of the cam ba the shaft ai is caused to take up a definite position corre-
sponding to the particular type-wheel in use, and as the crank arms al carrying
the rocking frame ag and roller af are also secured to the same shaft, it also
follows that this roller af must also occupy a definite vertical position with
regard to the cams ae on the arms ac according to which type-wheel is. in use.
The pivots of the roller af carried by the rocking frame ag work in. guides
(Figs. 22, 23 and 24) against the insides of which they are pressed by the
spring aa. If the roller af is low (near the bottom of the cains ae) the said
cams ae must descend a considerable distance comparatively before they come
in contact with the said roller af, and cause it to move horizontally, and so
effect a spacing movement: but if the roller is high and nearly touching the
top of the cams ae when the latter are at rest in their highest position, the
cams in their descent will move the roller af a much greater horizontal distance,
and so effect a much greater spacing movement from the depression of the same
key. When the capital type-wheel is in use a deep hollow surface in the cam ba is
presented opposite the roller az, which causes the space roller af to rise to near the
top of the cam ac: whereas when the small text type-wheel is in use, a shallower
hollowed surface is opposite the roller as causing the space roller af to take up a
position lower down the cains ue. The three corresponding spacing keys at the
two ends of the keyboard are used from the most convenient end for effecting
three different lengths of spacings between the words at the judgment of the
operator, so that, all the lines of impressions may be of the same length.
In the modified arrangement of spacing gear shown in Fig. 25, the finger keys
control the amount of the feed, but the power necessary to cause rotation of the
feed shaft and the forward motion of the card is obtained through a link. motion
operated by a cam on the driving shaft, and the spacing is effected by two. separate
movements, one before, and the other after the impression. A bell crank lever ge gd
mounted on the stud ge has its arm ge forked to clip the roller spindle af a pin in
its other arm gd engaging with the bifurcated end of the rod aw to which a.block y
sliding in the slotted lever yg is connected by the pin gh. The lever gg oscillates

page_text: about its centre of suspension gi, the roller gl on its lower end following the cam gm
on the main shaft against which it is pressed by the spring gn acting through a
stop lever go, one end of which is pivotted to the said lever gg while the other is
forined with a step to engage with stop gp. A small lever gq secured to one en:l
of a spindle gr passing through the casting and carrying on its other end a finger gs
which is caused to follow the motion of the toggel arm du by the action of
the spring gt so that, when the toggel arm is held free of its cam dy the
lever 99 is in the position shown and free of the lever go. On the depression of a
finger key a the roller pivot af is displaced as hereinbefore described, depressing
the arm gd and lowering the block of in the slot gr the toggel arm falling into
engagement with its cam as hereinafter described and allowing the end of the
lever g to strike the lever go and to lift it out of engagement with its stop gP,
When
and thereby permitting the roller gl to follow the surface of the cam gm.
the lever go is released the roller gl falls on the lowest part of the cam gm and is
raised on its rotation to the first step thus effecting a spacing movement when the
impression of the matrix is next effected, the roller gl then passing on to the
second step as shown, and carrying forward the pawls at for the second time.
On the completion of an impression the toggel arms dr. dw are removed and
locked free of their cams and withdraw the lever gy by means of the finger ge, the
stop lever go falling into an engagement with its stop gp and holding the lever 99
free of the cam gm, thus rendering the spacing mechanism inoperative until again
released by the depression of a fresh finger key.
In the further modification of the spacing gear shown in Figs. 26 to 29 it is
possible to get a much longer space rod aw and the spacing platform ab with its
supporting arms ac is now entirely removed. To the rod or roller af is fastened
a platform ge which stands out nearly horizontally and runs the whole length of
the key-board: When a finger key is depressed the screw aa comes in contact
with the platform ge and causes the rod af to turn through a certain angle
according to the length of the screw aa on the particular key operated. On the
end of the rod af is keyed the arm gd carrying a pin working in the fork, in the
end of the rod aw. When the finger key rises, the platform is returned to its
normal position by the pull of a spring ge at either end. The unit of spacing, to
suit different type-wheels is adjusted by raising or lowering the platform ge by the
pedal levers d in the manner previously described the rod af being guided in two
vertical parallel slots ge instead of in a wide open.slot.
:
In order to move the matrix feed band rapidly under the type wheels when
passing the blank spaces at the beginning and end of a line of impressions, on
the right hand end of the machine is a bell crank lever be, bw, (Figs. 4
and 22) working on a fixed stud, the upper arm bw of which lever is provided
with a handle, the lower arm by being connected by the rod be with slotted
hole to the pawl lever arm ar. When the arm bu of the bell crank lever, is
depressed the feed mechanism is actuated and. causes a card to be moved. rapidly
forward a considerable distance at one step.
In order to vary the length of the blank spaces according to the length of
the line of impressions, and consequently to the blank spaces at the beginning
and end of the card, the angular motion of the bell crank lever bu, bw, is varied
by means of an adjustable stop by on the quadrant be against which the arm ibw
strikes at the end of its downward motion. For ordinary letter spacing the pawl
arm ar is given only a small angular motion, and in order that this motion may
not be impeded by the blank spacing mechanism the lower rod bx is slotted: to
allow the pin of the arm ar to travel freely in it. Similarly when the blank
spacing mechanism is operated the pin upon which the pawls at work travels freely
in the slot ac in the rod aw.
.:
The matrix blanks travel in the direction of their length and in the plane of
5 rotation of the type wheels: and, in order that when a blank is raised to take an
impression from the desired punch, the adjacent punches shall not come in-contact
with the blank and so injure the preceding impression or the surface of the blank

page_text: following, the strips of card are bent slightly at that part immediately between
the impression wheel or table and the type wheel. The card or blank therefore
presents a convex surface to the type wheel. For convenience and in order that
the part of the steel band carrying the completed matrices towards the front of the
machine may be horizontal, the bend in the band and cards is produced by so
placing the shaft am carrying the wheel ao around which the steel band passes,
that the latter rises in an incline from the wheel ao to the impression wheel or
table ca as shewn.
The blanks reservoir. (Figs. 30 to 35) is supported by a lip projecting from the
bracket carrying the shaft am. At the bottom of the reservoir a its two ends are
cut away to a depth equal to the thickness of about cards, to allow the steel
band z with its projections y to pass through, catch and abstract the successive
lowest cards c as they drop from the reservoir and propel them forward to be
impressed. The band is also provided with notches cb which engage with corre-
sponding teeth on the wheel ao to prevent the steel band from slipping. Pivotted
on the side of the reservoir is a hinged guide bracket cd which embraces the
blank as it leaves the reservoir and presses it firmly on the steel band by the
spring ce. On the left side of the type wheel and screwed to the top of
the main casting, is a hinged shoe of which extends about one third of the
distance across the matrix card and is kept pressed down on it by the spring cg,
while on the opposite side of the steel band is a spring ch which bears against
the edge of the matrix card and keeps it firmly pressed against the under
shoulder of the shoe cf. The matrix card is thus held firmly in every direction
when it is receiving impressions, and any irregularity in the length or width of
the blanks will not affect the regularity of the lines of type when cast: the
differences in the margins of the matrices all occurring at the front end and right
hand side (looking from the front of the machine). The position of the matrix
blanks as shewn in Figs. 30 to 35 represents them in about the middle of the blank
space movement at the end of a line, while the arm bw of the spacing lever is being
.depressed.
The matrix card being abstracted from the reservoir is bent and guided
under the shoe cf as follows:-Working in the top of the main casting of the
machine is slide ci carrying a pin cl capable of adjustment along a slot in
the slide ci. On the inner end of this slide is screwed a plate em thin at. the
point and projecting across the matrix blank as shewn. The slide ci is kept out
by the spring en against a stop pm fixed to the main casting and working in a
slot as shown which determines the extent to which the slide can be withdrawn by
the said spring en. The radial arms ap on the shaft am and the rod as are shewn
in about their middle position, corresponding with the position of the matrix
blanks, but by completing the downward motion of the rapid spacing bell crank
lever arm bw, the slide ci will be pushed in by the rod as, the plate cm passing
under the type wheels and carrying forward and beuding the fresh matrix blank
and guiding its end under the shoe cf. On the release of the arm bw the slide ci is
drawn back by the spring cn and the further motion of the blank is effected by the
spacing mechanism.
When the impressed strips of card or matrices pass from under the type wheel
and are conveyed forwards towards the front of the machine by the steel band,
they are at a certain point pushed off the band and built up in column forin and
ultimately fed into a reservoir or magazine which, when full, cau be removed to a
casting machine, and an empty reservoir substituted: or, instead of this reservoir
being provided, the matrices can be fed directly into a casting machine by the same
operation. When the matrices are in column form they can be read by the operator
and faulty ones, if any, removed and blank cards substituted: corresponding
numbers being placed on the faulty matrix and blank so that a correctly impressed
card can be substituted in the proper place at a future time.
The columning mechanism (Figs. 6 & 7) is actuated by the rapid spacing
mechanism at the completion of each line. Running along the front of the machine

page_text: is a rod co connected at the right hand end with a pair of oscillating arms cp, cq
working together on a fixed stud. To the outer end of the arm cy is pivotted a
catch cr which is pressed outwards by a spring. The opposite end of the rod co is.
connected to an arm cs on a short spindle ct on the inner end of which are keyed
two arms cu, cw. The arm cu carries a spring as shewn, and the arm cw is provided
with a pin working in a vertical fork ca passing through a slot in the main casting,.
and adjustably attached to the slide cy and also with a second pin upon which is.
hung by a slotted hole a horizontal rod cz, working in and protruding through the
left side wall of the main casting. On the bell crank lever arm bio of the rapid
space gear is a tooth da, which on the depression of the arm bu rides over the
catch cr but which on raising the arm bu engages with it and causes the arm cp
and eq to turn about their axis Just before the arm bo reaches its highest
position the catch or is released from the tooth da by coming in contact with the
pin db, by which it is displaced and released. The motion of the lever cp, cq is.
communicated to the arms cs, ce, cu by the rod co which causes the slide cy to move
forward towards the matrix, pushing it off the steel band into the column
guides de, and thus the successive matrices forming the column are propelled
forward until the top one reaches the reservoir dd into which it is pushed by a.
vertical weight or plunger de in a manner to be next described.
Immediately under the column guides de is a short shaft or spindle df provided
in the middle with an arm da projecting over the end of the before-mentioned
horizontal rod cz, and at either end with an arm dh, one extending on either side of
the matrix reservoir dd and connected to the vertical weight or plunger de by
two links di. The removable matrix reservoir dd comprises a flat rectangular case-
and slides by its lips on the ledges dl secured to the column guide de. The cover dm
is provided with openings through which two springs da press having slots in which
the ends of the plunger de slide. A piston or platform do is forced upwards by the
coiled spring p connected to the rod dy so that, as cach card is successively
admitted and forced past the springs da by the plunger, the column is held compactly-
and in order. When the arm cu oscillates and causes the slide cy on the top of the
machine to approach the card and finally push it off the steel band into the column
frame de, the pin of the arm cu travels along the slot in the rod cz until the matrix
is in the mouth of the column guide de and nearly touching the preceding card. At
this point the pin comes in contact with the end of the slot causing the rod ez to.
move outwards, turning the shaft df, and lifting the weight or plunger de to receive.
under it the top card of the column, which, on the descent of the plunger, forced'
down under the spring catches dn and is so prevented from rising when the weight
is again lifted to receive the next following matrix.
The impression mechanism (Figs. to 18) is situated on the under side of the-
top plate of the main casting of the machine. Sliding freely between the legs
of the hangers dr are two brasses ds which carry the end of the main driving shaft..
In two similar brasses dt work the journals of the impression wheel ca. The
impression wheel and its journals are in one piece, and axially through them passes.
a spindle de which works freely through them, and has secured to its ends the.
toggel arms du de which turn with it and fit against the faces of the brasses it so -
that the impression wheel is supported by, and is free to rotate in the said brasses
whilst the spindle connecting the two toggel arms due, da is free to rotate within,.
but independently of the impression wheel ca, also, the brasses dt are free to slide
up and down between the legs of the hangers dr. On the shaft are secured
coincidently two similar cams dy which rotate in the direction indicated, and are
situated immediately under the toggel arms de, dw. The main shaft and the-
cams dy are continuously rotated by any suitable means: and when the toggel arms
are in the position indicated they engage with the projecting teeth of the cams dy..
By the particular shape of the surfaces of contact, the toggel arms dw, de, are first
made to rise and are then displaced to the right (Fig. 15.) and effect an impression
on the matrix card by the rise of the impression wheel. The toggel arms are
locked in their displaced position free of the cams dy by the pawl z falling into.

page_text: the step ea in the projecting arm on the toggel arm dw, which prevents them from
again falling into engagement with their cams and another impression being made
until the pawl da bas been disengaged. The pawl de works upon a fixed stud and
is pushed forward: by a spring as shown. The left hand pivot of the buffer lever p
projects through its bearing and carries the small steel mounting eb, which is
shown separately in Fig. 17. The spring 9 exerts a downward pressure on the
horizontal arm of the mounting eb, and acting through the lever p serves as the
buffer spring to the buffer o of any key a, which, when depressed, is struck by its
corresponding finger e of the stop drum. The other arm of the mounting eb which
projects obliquely upwards is connected by a link ec to the catch working on a
stud and provided with a spring to force it forward; the end of the link ec attached
to the mounting eb being slotted.
Working on a similar stud in the face of the hanger dr is an arm or lever ed
provided with a projecting tooth or hook ee which engages with the catch on
the lever .
Connected to this lever ed is another catch ef which engages
with and withdraws the before-mentioned pawl d from the step ea on the
toggel arm dw at the proper time. The lower end of the lever ed is curved
and forced to follow the surface of the cam eg which is keyed to the main shaft l
and consequently rotates continuously with the cams dy. When the finger keys
are not being operated, the catch of the lever r engages with the hook or tooth ee,
so preventing the lever ed from following the motion of the cam eg, the toggel
arm dw being also held in the displaced position shown in Fig. 12 by the pawl dr.
The action of the apparatus during one cycle of operations between the successive
depression of any two keys is as follows. In Fig. 8 the end of the key a is shown
in its normal or raised position in which it is maintained by the spring n until it is
depressed by the finger when it turns upon the rod m and the buffer o is brought
into the path of the rotating stop finger e as shown in Figure 9. The inner end
of the key a is provided with a spring eh which on the depression of the keys lifts
a pawl ei working in a semicircular groove et in the top of the main casing (one
pawl being provided for every finger key except the six space keys) into the path
of the rotating stop finger e, the said pawl being displaced as shown in dotted lines
in Figure 9 by the stop finger e before the latter can strike the buffer o. and again
rising and holding the finger e between its end and the buffer o. The length of
the back pawls ei are varied so as to adjust within reasonable limits the position in
which any particular punch shall be held over the matrix during the impression.
When the stop finger e strikes the buffer o the force of the blow is communicated
to the lever p which turns upon its axis, thereby compressing the spring which
bears upon the horizontal arm of the mounting eb. This small angular motion of
the buffer lever p is communicated to the catch by the link ce so as to withdraw
the said catch from the lever ed which is then forced by its spring to follow the
surface of the cam ey, carrying with it the catch of which engages with and with-
draws the pawl dz from the toggel arm dw when both toggel arms dz and dw fall on
their respective cams dy so that an impression is effected when the projection on the
cams dy meet the toggel arms da, dw. The catch ef is provided on its under side
with an inclined projection which when the arm ed oscillates rides over a pin el
which lifts the catch ef out of engagement with the pawl dz immediately after it
has released the toggel arm dw and leaves the pawl free to again engage with the
toggle arm when it is displaced by the cam. Fig. 11 shows the position of the
above parts when the impression wheel ca is raised to its highest position, and
the type punch consequently buried in the matrix card. Fig. 12 shows the com-
pletion of one cycle of operations, with the pawl dz on the point of falling into the
step ea of the toggle arm dw and so locking it free of the cam dy.
When the toggel arm due is released by the pawl dz the shoe ic pivotted to the
said arm is raised and forced over the end of the lever by the spring ie so that on
the cam dy displacing the toggel arm die the short arm of the lever is depressed
and its opposite end withdrawn from the disc w which together with the locking
tube tis returned by the spring id to its normal position.

page_text: The justifying or correcting mechanism, rigs. 9, 12, 14 2015
position of the type wheel prior to taking an impression in the event of any
inaccuracy existing either in the division of the type wheel or the position of the
punches relatively to their respective arms e on the stop drum, and locks the type
wheels firmly in their correct position while the impression is being made. Keyed
on the stop drum tube g and just inside the middle bearing is a ratchet wheel em
with teeth corresponding to the punches on the type wheels and to the number of
arms on the stop drum, the radial faces of the said teeth facing towards the back of
the machine. Mounted on a short spindle en working in the hanger dr and lug co
are two arms ep, eq. The arm ep projects obliquely upwards and is provided at its
end with a foot which, when the toggel arm die falls on the cam dy on the depression
of a finger key is caused by the spring er (Fig. 16) to press upon the back of the
teeth of the ratchet wheel, thus tending to rotate it, and consequently the stop
drum and type wheels through a small angle in the contrary direction to that in
which it is rotated from the main shaft. The shorter arm eq projects downwards and
engages with a horn es projecting from the top of the toggel arm dw and which when
the toggel arm is displaced by the cam dy, withdraws the arm ep from the wheel em
Figure 12.
The indicator which shews the length of line impressed and what remains to be
impressed (Figs. 36 & 37) and which is situated on the top of the cover of the
machine, about the middle of the key-board as shown in dotted circles in Fig. 1,
consists of two bevelled divided discs et ea rotating at the back of a fixed
pointer ey.
The discs work together on a fixed vertical stud ez in a casting fa
secured to the top of the cover ev. The relative positions of these two discs are
adjusted by sliding the top one on the lower one and clamping them together by
means of the milled clamping nut fb working on a screw projecting from the lower
The disc ex is connected to the matrix
disc through the slot fe in the upper disc.
feed shaft am by the spur wheels fd, fe secured to the disc boss f, and spindle fg
working in the casting fu, and by the screw wheels fh, fi mounted on the ratchet
shaft am, and spindle f, working in the back of the main casting and being coupled
The indicator discs will be
by a socket joint to the spindle fg as clearly shown:
thus rotated step by step with the feed ratchet as the finger keys are depressed,
one complete
and the gearing is so proportioned that the indicator makes
revolution for every card which passes the type wheels. The periphery of the
bottom disc thus corresponds to the length from centre to centre of the projections
on the feed band. That part of the peripheries of the two discs corresponding to
the greatest length of line to be impressed in a single card is divided, leaving blank
portions corresponding to the distance between the end of one line and the beginning
of the next.
By sliding one disc on the other, the completion of a shorter line can
be indicated. The indicator denotes the number of units of space still to be
impressed, and the width of the spaces between the words is adjusted by the
operator as he proceeds so that all the lines are of the same length.
The friction clutch pulley h (Figs. 38 to 45) is constructed so as to allow the
motions of the stop drum to be arrested when a finger key is depressed, and also
to give the stop drum an initial forward impulse on its release in order to obtain
rapidity of action. The pulley proper h provided with a flanged rim is mounted
freely on the sleeve fm of the disc f which is keyed to the stop-drum spindle f
The disc fn carries loosely on the pins fy two rollers fp which work in the inclined
races fg on the disc fr and also two studs fs which take into recesses ft in the
disc fr and abut against the ends of the springs fv. A metal disc fw is attached
to the back of the disc fr and is caused to rotate with it by pins fa engaging in
holes or otherwise; a third disc jy of felt leather or other elastic material saturated
with tallow and black lead being placed between the disc fu and the pulley
proper, and the whole of the three discs fr, fw, fy, being loosely mounted on
the sleeve fz of the pulley proper h. The casing and discs are held together with
any desired degree of pressure by the nut ga on the spindle f acting through
the feathered ferrule or washer gb against the end of the boss of the pulley as
R

page_text: clearly shown. When the stop drum and pulley. are rotating together the
rollers fp are wedged between the races fg and the inside of the rim of the pulley
proper by the pressure of the springs fe against the studs fs and the pulley
acts as an ordinary solid pulley. When the rotation of the stop drum, and
consequently of the disc fn is arrested, the friction between the pulley proper h
and the disc fy, and that between the discs fy. and fw drags the disc fr
round, so releasing the rollers fp and permitting the pulley proper h to
rotate while the discs fn and fr remain at rest. When the disc fr moves
forward to release the rollers the springs fo are further compressed, this
compressive force being balanced by the frictional resistance between the discs f
and fy.
On the release of the stop drum on the release of the finger key, the
springs fe immediately thrust forward the studs fs thereby rotating the disc fr
and the stop drum, and jamming the rollers fp again between the pulley proper h
and races, when the condition of ordinary driving is re-established.
In the modified form of machine shown in Figs. 48 to 63 only one type wheel
is employed and the spacing is automatically effected and controlled by mechanism
independent of the finger keys.
Fig. 48 is a plan of the machine with part of the middle removed.
Fig. 49 is a front elevation, parts being broken away or removed for clearness.
Fig. 50 is a left side elevation, the cover plate being broken away to show the
spacing and correcting mechanism inside.
Fig. 51 is a cross section of the machine looking towards the impression mechanism.
Fig. 52 is a right hand end view of the machine shewing the driving gear, and
the mechanism for feeding the cards forwards over the blank spaces &c.
Figs. 53, 54, and 55 show the construction of the reciprocating block or plunger
of the impression mechanism.
Figs. 56, 57 and 58 are details of the spacing mechanism.
Fig. 59 is a side view of the impression table.
Figs. 60, 61, 62, and 63 show the positions of the cams and sliding block or
plunger at different periods during one cycle of operations.
The main shaft is driven by any suitable mechanism such as an ordinary belt
and pulley, and is connected to the stop drume by a strap and friction clutch
pulley h, and is carried by brasses ds sliding freely in the three hangers dr bolted
to the main casting as shewn two of which carry the impression mechanism.
A second brass ha above the two brasses de extends across and slides in the two
hangers dr and carries a square steel pillar hb passing through the top of the main
casting centrally under the travelling feed band and type wheel, and forms the
impression table. A steel spindle de works freely in the brass ha and carries the
toggel arms dw, de which are keyed firmly to it. On the shaft are keyed
coincidently two eccentrics he which impart a reciprocating motion to two sliding
blocks hd, working in dovetail slides and having each on its top edge a projection he
which, when the said blocks are at their highest point, come into contact with
the ends of the toggel arms da, dw, so raising them and causing the impression
table to force the band z and matrix card c upwards against the type punch. As
the shaft continues to rotate, and just as the eccentric has withdrawn the blocks hd.
from contact with the toggel arms dc, dw, the single tooth cam hf strikes the
projecting piece hg on the toggel arm dw causing the arm to be displaced and held
up free of the reciprocating blocks hd by the pawl dz falling into the step ea cut
in the toggel arm dw as shown in Figure 63 until again released by the depression
of a finger key. The distance between the shafts and spindle f and consequently
the depth of the impression on the matrix card is regulated by the screws hh.
The finger keys are all provided with a steel tooth s on their under side to engage.
in the slot of the locking tube t, and as the tube is rotated it operates an electric
switch hi to close an electric circuit containing the magnet hl.
The switch may
be operated by the buffer lever p instead of by the tube t and may be any ordinary
rapid make and brake contact switch suitable for small currents. The tail of the
catch 7 carries a small armature him which is attracted by the pull of the electro

page_text: magnet, when the current is closed on the depression of a finger key, thus effecting
the release of the impression mechanism.
On the type wheel spindle f is the wheel em which serves as the correcting wheel,
These pins
and also to carry the pins hn for regulating the spacing movement.
are equal in number to the punches on the type wheel band vary in length according
to the space required by their corresponding type punches. The points of the
pins are chisel-shaped and extend all round the wheel em as do also the ratchet
teeth.
Passing through an opening in the top of the main casting is a vertical rod ho
which is supported at its lower end by a lug hp (Fig. 49) on the cover plate and is
held at the top in the bracket hy. Upon this rod ho slides freely the tube hr
carrying at its bottom end a wheel s rolling on the cam ht against which it is
pressed by the spring he. Projecting from the tube hr are two arms hw connected
to the spacing link aw by the pin ha. A third arm hy projects from the tube hr
at right angles to the arms hw and has a double inclined surface h which rides
over the pins hn projecting from the wheel em when the tube hr is slid lengthwise
on the rod ho. A rib ia on the tube hr engages with the pawl ib fixed to a
spindle which passes through the two hangers dr and carries on its other end. the
pawl d of the impression mechanism. When no finger key is depressed, the
tube is held up by the step of the pawl ib falling under the rib ia so that
the arm hy is above the spacing pins and free of them: the roller hs being then
free of the cam ht. On the depression of a finger key the pawls dzib arc drawn
back and the tube hr follows the surface of the cam ht. The relative positions of
the cams on the shaft are so arranged that this release occurs when the greatest
radius of the cam ht is under the wheel hs; then, on the continued rotation of the
shaft the tube hr falls, the wheel hs descending the incline on the cam. During
the next period the tube hr is stationary and the impression is made on the card.
After the impression, the tube hr is again lifted by the opposite incline of the
cam ht and locked up by the pawl ib.
When the tube hr is released and falls as above described, the inclined
surfaces h ride over the bottom pin n on the wheel em, which causes the tube hr
to turn an amount which varies with the length of the said pin. This motion is
communicated to the arm ic carrying the feed pawls at by the rod aw and effects
a forward movement of the band carrying the matrix cards. Similarly, when the
tube is lifted another spacing movement takes place half the spacing is thus
effected before the impression and the remaining half after the impression operation,
and the toggel arm du is hooked up free of the reciprocating block hd until
another key is depressed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that
what we claim is :-
In a machine for the preparation of matrices for the production of type for
printing.
1. Causing the impression, justifying, or spacing mechanism to be actuated by
the driving mechanism on the depression of a finger key which acts to bring the said
mechanism into operation but not to directly effect the said operations, substantially
as described.
2. The arrangement of the type wheels carrying different types on the same
axis and to rotate with the stop drum and capable of being slid endwise to
place the desired type wheel over the matrix card to be impressed, substantially
as described.
3. The arrangement of the stop drum comprising a number of arms threaded
upon a tube, each arm corresponding to types on one or more typewheels, and
whose motion is capable of being arrested in such position that the required type is
opposite the matrix on the depression of the proper finger key substantially as
described.

page_text: 4. The arrangement of the finger keys for arresting the motion of the stop drum
with a sliding bolt, which, when struck by an arm of the stop drum operates to
release and render operative the justifying impression or spacing mechanism
substantially as described.
5. The means for locking the finger keys when depressed until an impression has
been effected. comprising, a tooth on each key except the spacing keys which,
when no other key is depressed engages with a slotted or cleft tube by which
it is held until released by the action of the impression toggel arm substantially as
described.
6. The employment of a flexible traversing band working over pulleys and
provided with projections for extracting the matrix cards from a magazine or
reservoir and conveying them to and from the type wheels before and after
impression, the said cards being guided by means of attachments substantially as
described.
7. Effecting the traverse of the matrix band by means of ratchet feed mechanism
operated by the finger keys, the whole arranged constructed and operated substan-
tially as described."
8. Effecting the variation in the spacing of the letter by means of adjustable
projections on the finger keys substantially as described.
9. Changing the type wheel by sliding the spindle in its bearing and in the stop
drum tube substantially as described.
10. Changing the unit of spacing to correspond to a change in the type employed
by raising or lowering a spacing cam roller and thus increasing or diminishing the
amount of its motion, substantially as described.
11. Effecting simultaneously the change of type wheel and the corresponding
change in the unit of letter spacing, substantially in the manner described for the
purpose specified.
12. The construction of the letter spacing mechanism so arranged that the
depression of the finger key determines the length of spacing only, the feed ratchet
being operated by the driving mechanism, substantially as described with reference
to Fig. 25 and to Figs. 26, 27, 28, and 29 of the drawings..
13. The rapid feed device comprising a hand lever connected to the ratchet feed
mechanism in combination with an adjustable stop for limiting the forward step
substantially as described for the purpose specified.
14. The device for bending and guiding the matrix cards while in position
for impression, comprising, the hinged guide bracket of, shoe cd and guide
spring ch, all arranged constructed and operated substantially as described.
15. The device for hending and placing in proper position for impression a fresh
matrix card comprising, the slide ci, plate cm and adjustable stud cl arranged,
constructed, and operated substantially as described.
16. The means for automatically removing the impressed matrices from the
traversing feed band, arranging them successively in columnar form, and ultimately
depositing them into a reservoir or magazine, the whole arranged constructed, and
operated substantially as described.
17. The employment of the vibrating toggel arms operated by cams to raise the
impression wheel or table to press the matrix card against the type wheel substan-
tially as described.
18. Maintaining the toggel arms through which the impression is effected
disengaged from their driving cams after one impression until a second finger key
is depressed by means of a pawl engaging with a step on the toggel arm substan-
tially as described.
19. Automatically releasing the finger key from its depressed position after
an impression of the matrix has been performed by means of a projection on
the toggel arm which displaced a catch lever engaging with a ratchet wheel
on the grooved locking tube, thereby permitting the locking tube to return to
its normal position and to release the finger key substantially as described.
20. Rendering the impression mechanism operative on the depression of a finger

page_text: key by the release of a cam lever by means of the stop buffer mechanism which:
permits the said lever to follow its rotating cam and to disengage by means of a.
catch the pawl which previously maintained the toggel arms out of engagement.
with their driving cam substantially as described.
21. Locking the type wheels firmly in their correct position before and during an.
impression by means of a ratchet pawl lever, which, when the toggel arms are free
to engage with their cams is forced against a ratchet wheel mounted on the stop-
drum spindle, thereby forcing the engaged stop arm firmly against a justifying
pawl until the impression is complete, when the said ratchet pawl lever is again
disengaged from the ratchet wheel by the action of a projection or horn on the
toggel arm, substantially as described.
22. The indicator for indicating to the operator the progress of the line of
impressions on the matrix card, arranged constructed and operating substantially as.
described.
23. The employment of the friction clutch pulley for rotating the stop drum and.
type wheels, arranged and constructed substantially as described and for the:
purpose set forth.
24. The arrangement and construction of machines for the preparation of matrices.
or moulds for the production of type for printing substantially as described with
reference to Figs. 1 to 47 of the drawings.
25. Actuating the toggel arms for raising the impression table by means of
sliding blocks to which a reciprocating motion is imparted by eccentrics on the main.
shaft substantially as described.
26. Displacing the toggel arms after an impression by means of a projecting cam
on the main shaft striking a projection on the toggel arm and locking them free of
their reciprocating blocks until again released by the depression of a finger key
substantially as described.
27. Releasing the impression mechanism by means of an electro-magnet.
energised by an electric current controlled by the finger keys substantially as
described.
28. Effecting the letter spacing automatically by means of a pawl or cam.
connected to the ratchet feed mechanism and to which a reciprocating motion is.
given over the ends of projecting pins whose lengths correspond to the various.
spacings of the letters the whole arranged constructed and operating substantially
as described.
29. Rendering the spacing mechanism inoperative until a key is depressed by.
holding the spacing tube cam roller free of its operating cam, substantially as.
described.
The arrangement and construction of a machine for the preparation of matrices.
or moulds for the production of type for printing substantially as described with.
reference to Figs. 48 to 63 of the drawings.
Dated this 13th day of August 1891.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents.