matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND PURIFYING WATER TO BE USED IN THE WASHING AND SCOURING OF WOOL, AND IN OTHER WASHING AND CLEANSING OPERATIONS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th September 1856.-A communication.
1, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND PURIFYING WATER TO BE USED IN THE
WASHING AND SCOURING OF WOOL, AND IN OTHER WASHING AND CLEANSING
OPERATIONS," (communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as
follows:-
The object sought to be attained by the present Invention is to treat and
purify water intended to be used for washing wool, and for scouring, bleaching,
cleansing, and various other purposes, by freeing it from the lime (and cal-
careous impurities) which it may contain, in order to economize the soap
employed therewith, and to expedite washing operations.
This Invention consists in treating water containing lime or calcareous
impurities with caustic soda (preferring that at 38° Beaumé) or caustic potash,
either alone or combined with unslacked lime or refuse wash waters (holding
greasy and soapy matters in solution), which wash waters may be added to the
water to be purified before introducing the caustic soda or potash. On treating

page_text: water with caustic soda or potash, the lime and calcareous impurities contained
therein will be precipitated and deposited, and the clear supernatant water,
when run off, will be found to be freed from lime, clean, slightly alkaline,
and well adapted for purposes of washing and bleaching. The precipitated
lime or sediment is allowed to remain in the purifying vessel, as it facilitates
the purifying operation when a fresh supply of water to be purified is intro-
duced.
In cleansing, scouring, or removing grease from wool and other fibres, I not
only previously purify the water to be employed by the means just described,
but I also add caustic soda or caustic potash to the bath or soapy waters in
which the wool or other fibrous matter is soaked and washed, whereby a saving
of soap and of time is effected.
IMPROVE- IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BRUISING OR BREAKING GRAIN OR OTHER MATTERS PREPARATORY TO GRINDING
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ashton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1856.
I, JAMES ASHTON, of Hyde Corn Mills, Hyde, in the County of Chester,
Miller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BRUISING OR BREAKING GRAIN OR
OTHER MATTERS PREPARATORY TO GRINDING," to be as follows:-
I use an additional pair of stones fixed horizontally above the ordinary
stones, each stone being secured in a metal casing, and connected to the main
spindle by an additional spindle, upon which the lower stone and casing, being
fastened by keys, revolve at the same speed as the ordinary stones; the top
stone being stationary, and adjusted by four or more steel spiral springs, con-
nected to a cross plate by bolts, the same plate being fitted with steps in the
centre, through which the spindle is kept perpendicular, the whole being pro-
tected and fixed to a metal casing, and of a conical form at the bottom, for
conveying the grain into the eye of the ordinary stones. I also employ to the
ordinary or lower stones a metal ring or segments as casing, perforated with
oblong holes, which holes being cut diagonally prevents the grain escaping,

page_text: and allows a free discharge of air for ventilating or cooling the stones. I
also apply to the top or running stone a brush or brushes, by which means
the space between the outside of the stone and casing is kept clear of the
matter ground, and assists in conveying the same to the spout or place of exit,
which tends to prevent the stones from heating.
AN IMPROVED RAMROD
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by André Gabriel Guillaumin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1856.
I, ANDRE GABRIEL GUILLAUMIN, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED RAMROD," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use & application of ratans, malacca, & other
canes in and for the manufacture of ramrods for fire-arms, instead of whale-
bone or wood, as hitherto used for that purpose. To prepare these canes for
this purpose, I first strip the bark or skin from the cane, & otherwise
reduce it in size and shape to suit the fire-arm required. When the ramrods
are of considerable length, & including some of the joints or knots, these
enlargements should be planed down, and afterwards painted, to make that
part of the cane agree in colour with the rest. I coat & colour these canes
to imitate whalebone with a varnish consisting of oil & copal mixed with
lamp black, which is dried in a stove, &, according to the more or less perfect
surface I require to produce, I apply a greater or less number of coatings of
the varnish.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL TYRES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Davies at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June 1856.
I, DAVID DAVIES, of Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Coach Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL TYRES," to be as follows:-
I take an iron tyre having flanges or projections at the sides, which I shrink
on to the fellies of the wheels in the usual manner. I then take a strip or
band of leather of sufficient thickness to fill up the space between the flanges
of the tyre and fasten it therein in any suitable manner. I then take a second
wider strip of leather, which I fasten round the former, securing them to each
other and to the wheel by nails or other fastenings passing through to the
fellies of the wheel, by which means I form a durable and noiseless tyre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING GAS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Louis Stott at the Unce
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th June
1856.
I, GEORGE LOUIS STOTT, of St. George's, in the County of Gloucester, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING
GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in purifying gas, by causing it to pass over or
amongst oxide of zinc, or the carbonate of the oxide, whereby the sulphur
contained in the gas is caused to combine with the metallic zinc, forming a
sulphide of that metal; and the oxide of zinc so produced may be reproduced
by roasting the resulting sulphide in a current of air, or by other means known
to metallurgists, so that the oxide of zinc reproduced can be used again.
IMPROVED MEANS OF ECONOMIZING THE WASTE HEAT OF FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1856.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF ECONOMIZING THE WASTE HEAT OF
FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
The principal feature of the present Invention consists in the utilization of
the waste heat carried off by the smoke of furnaces or fire-places. This object
is effected by the employment of metallic pipes, which are heated by the smoke
passing through them, and transmit the heat thus communicated to them to a
column of cold air, the air thus heated may be then applied to any useful
purpose where it may be required.
The following may be given as an example of the numerous applications of
which the Invention is susceptible. Between the register of the fire-place or
furnace and its chimney are placed a series of cast-iron pipes in rows one
above the other, and supported by wrought-iron bars. These pipes, which are
of suitable length and diameter, are set in a chamber of masonry or brickwork.
The smoke from the furnace, after having passed through the register, enters
the pipes, and passes from them to the chimney. A current of cold air is
made to enter the chamber containing the pipes from below, and from the side

page_text: opposite to that at which the smoke enters, which air rises to the upper part of
the chamber, and in so doing circulates through the vacant spaces between the
smoko pipes, and thus becomes heated, and passes into a heat-distributing
channel at the other extremity of the chamber, so that there is an inverse
movement, or rather a crossing of the air to be heated and the smoke which
communicates the heat to it.
The apparatus may be variously modified, both as regards dimensions and
arrangement, according to the nature of the furnaces or fire-places, the locality,
and other circumstances.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Spencer Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October 1856.
I, SPENCER SMITH, of Soho, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the construction of a second or dipping bridge
within the furnace, and in advance of the ordinary bridge; such new bridge
being reversed or so formed as to project the flame downward, and check it in
its passage to the back of the furnace. The new bridge may be made of fire
lumps, or in new boilers it may form part of the boiler, being in fact a water
space or bridge. I also introduce, in conjunction with the dipping bridge, a
current of air behind the ordinary bridge, by means of lateral or other openings
through the boiler setting, which permits the air to pass into a chamber or
space formed behind the ordinary bridge, and I give an inclination to the
chamber, or the longitudinal opening therein, by which the current of air is
projected at an angle of about 45 deg into the furnace, or against the dipping
bridge. In a boiler twelve feet long and three feet diameter, the back of the
new bridge should be about nine inches in advance of the ordinary bridge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP GLASSES OR CONDUCTORS OF LIGHT
Year: 1856

page_text: This invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Dobell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th February
1856.
I, EBENEZER DOBELL, of Hastings, in the County of Sussex, Jeweller, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMP GLASSES OR CONDUCTORS OF LIGHT," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to forming the glass chimneys or conductors of
light to lamps of a spherical form, with a cylindrical passage therethrough to
enclose the light, as when an ordinary glass chimney is employed, by which I
find beneficial illuminating effects are obtained. The surface of such light
conductors may be ground, or cut, or otherwise ornamented.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CANDLESTICK
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter George Whitehead and
Frederick Augustus Harwood at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 3rd June 1856.
We, WALTER GEORGE WHITEHEAD, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, and FREDERICK AUGUSTUS HARWOOD, of Birmingham
aforesaid, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED CANDLESTICK," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a candlestick in which the candle is raised and
lowered by means of a screw in the following manner:-We make the body
and foot of the candlestick in separate pieces; the body turns upon the foot,
and by its turning motion raises or lowers the candle. The socket on which
the candle rests is fixed on the top of a screw. The lower end of the said
screw is made square or angular, and enters a hole or guide of a corresponding
form in the foot of the candlestick. The said screw can rise or fall verti-
cally, but is incapable of a rotatory motion. A screw box engaging with
the said screw is fixed in the body of the candlestick, and by turning the said
body while the foot is held stationary, the screw may be raised or lowered, and
with it the socket and candle. We make the socket of two discs or plates of
metal, between which a disc of vulcanized caoutchouc is enclosed, which latter
fits the candlestick tightly and prevents grease from passing the said socket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PAPER, CARDEOARD, MILLBOARD, SCALEBOARD, LEATHER, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES OP A LIKE NATURE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ollis, junior, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November
1856.
I, THOMAS OLLIS, junior, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer
and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PAPER, CARDEOARD,
MILLBOARD, SCALEBOARD, LEATHER, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES OP A LIKE NATURE," to
be as follows:-
My said Invention consists, firstly, in using to the cutting machine an
adjustable table, so that its position can be varied from the level to an angular
or bevilled position, as may be required to alter the downward course of the
cut and correct any inclination of the paper drawing the knife inwards or
pressing it outwards, which I effect by placing a shaft or bearing under the
table, so that it can vibrate or shift to any position required, and be held fast
by screws, levers, or any suitable contrivance.
Secondly, in the application of a side guide, whereby the squaring of tho
material or other desired angle is easily obtained, the said side guide being
placed on the table behind the knife and adjusted to any angle by screws, or
placed in a slide traversed with a screw and nut.
Thirdly, in giving a leverage and fulcrum action and a peculiar descending
motion to the knife, by means of a groove or other guiding arrangement
placed at any angle between 45 and 90° degrees between the sides of the

page_text: machine, which action and motion are assisted by an eccentric crank or other
mechanical movement, for the purpose of causing one end of the knife to rise
higher and quicker than the other.
And, fourthly, in the employment of a holder or holders in addition to the
ordinary platen or support, for the purpose of giving an additional back
pressure or support to the material to be cut behind the said platen, to which
is fastened brackets or supports having plates or rods which press on the
material, thereby partially or entirely covering it. By this arrangement the
material is held more firmly, and inequalities of size are prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING BOATS OR OTHER FLOATING BODIES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hale at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February 1856.
I, WILLIAM HALE, of Swan Walk, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PROPELLING BOATS OR OTHER FLOATING BODIES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in propelling by means of a forcible stream or
volume of fire acting below the water line. The stream of fire is produced by
the combustion of an inflammable composition compressed into an iron tube,
one end of which is contracted to about one-third of the diameter of the inside
of the tube through which the flame escapes when the composition is ignited,
while the opposite end of the tube is entirely plugged up sufficiently secure
that none of the composition may blow out at that end. The tube, containing
the composition, is attached or fixed to the bottom of the boat or floating body
in a direction fore and aft, with the contracted end of the tube placed aft, so
that the force of the stream or jet of fire shall act to propel the boat forward.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING YARNS OR FABRICS, APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR SIZING OR DRESSING YARNS OR THREADS TO PREPARE THEM TO BE WOVEN
Year: 1856

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith Churchill and James
Bradshaw at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th November 1856.
We, WILLIAM SMITH CHURCHILL, of Stalybridge, in the County of Chester,
Cotton Spinner, and JAMES BRADSHAW, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR DRYING YARNS OR FABRICS, APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR SIZING OR
DRESSING YARNS OR THREADS TO PREPARE THEM TO BE WOVEN," to be as follows :-
Our Invention consists in a certain combination of mechanism or apparatus,
namely, in a cylinder or pipe, or in a series of cylinders or pipes, heated by
steam; but we prefer a series of pipes arranged in a circle to form a skeleton
cylinder, or the segment of a cylinder. We surround this skeleton cylinder
or segment of a cylinder by a skeleton cylindrical frame or cage, which is
placed in suitable bearings, so as to rotate round the pipes, which are fixed.
The yarn, threads, or fabric passes over and rests upon this skeleton cylin-
drical frame or cage, which is carried round by it as it passes through the
machine, being employed to bring the yarns, threads, or fabric as near the
drying steam cylinders or pipes as possible without touching, and without
friction upon them. We combine with the arrangement of mechanism and
apparatus described, a fan placed outside or axially within the skeleton cylinder
of pipes, to produce a current of air upon the passing yarns, threads, or fabric,
and thus facilitate the drying thereof.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CASTING IRON AND OTHER METAL
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Adcock at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July 1856.
I, HENRY ADCOCK, of the City Road, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CASTING IRON AND OTHER METAL," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in casting iron and other
metals, and consists in employing highly-heated moulds, and in causing such
moulds to be heated in the following manner :-Sand moulds are to be made
in the ordinary manner, and then placed in an oven or muffle, but at some
inches above the bottom of such oven or muffle, so that the drying may be by
the moulds being heated on all sides and at the bottom by the heated air in
the oven or muffle. After the drying process has been carried on sufficiently
long for the moulds.to be gradually dried, and the moisture dispersed from
them, the fire is to be increased until the moulds are brought to a very high
degree of heat; the iron or other metal is run into the moulds, and then the
oven or muffle, together with the moulds and castings therein, are to be allowed
to cool down.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE, OR PREPARING FOR USE 'FOUNDERS' CHARCOAL BLACKING,' 'COAL DUST,' 'LOAM,' AND 'FACEING SAND
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ambrose Archer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd September
1856.
I, AMBROSE ARCHER, of Old Swan, near Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Corn Factor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE, OR PREPARING FOR USE 'FOUNDERS'
CHARCOAL BLACKING,' 'COAL DUST,' 'LOAM,' AND 'FACEING SAND,'" to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the use or application of a pair (or pairs) of
mill stones and a "dressing cylinder," (or cylinders) like those in ordinary use
for grinding and dressing wheat, to the grinding and sifting of charcoal, coal,
loam, and "faceing sand" for the use of foundries.
AN IMPROVED ENVELOPE, AND WHICH SAID ENVELOPE I PROPOSE DESIGNATING AS THE DESPATCH OR RETURN ENVELOPE
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Septimus Cockings at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd March 1856.
I, JAMES SEPTIMUS COCKINGS, Civil Engineer, of 26, Ann Street, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED ENVELOPE, AND WHICH SAID ENVELOPE I PROPOSE DESIGNATING AS
THE DESPATCH OR RETURN ENVELOPE," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My improvement in envelopes mainly consist in making them with an addi-
tional fly or leaf, by which means the envolope may be used a second time, still
affording every facility for closing up and protecting the letter or writing within;
or the fly or leaves may be written on, and in that case the envelope may be
used to convey a message, opened and read, and the fly on which such massage
may have been written, as also the first direction, must be removed, when it
is in every respect fit for receiving the reply, or the reply may be written on
the remaining fly, closed up, and posted or returned. The second directions
and stamping might have been done by the original sender, by being printed
or written, or may be added by the party to whom it may have been sent.
And when such flies are not. used for correspondence, they can be used as an
efficient advertising medium, or to convey mercantile; trade, or other notices,

page_text: and may be printed before the envelope is made up, without at all interfering
with the efficiency of the envelope for receiving regular correspondence. And
in making these envelopes one fly or leaf may be cut and formed with the rest
of the envelope, or the two flies may be cut out separate and added to the other
part of the envelope; and in this case very little paper will be cut to waste in
their manufacture, thus enabling them to be made nearly if not quite as cheap,
according to size, as the ordinary envelope.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOISTS BY COMBINING STEAM AND A HYDRAULIC COLUMN
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ternie at the Office of
the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1856.
I, JOHN TERNIE, of Forrester Street, Derby, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOISTS BY COMBINING STEAM
AND A HYDRAULIC COLUMN" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a peculiar combination of mechanism for hoisting
or moving a platform from a lower to a higher level, so that loaded carriages
or vessels may be moved on to such platform, and then be raised to a higher
level, and be run or moved off from the rising platform on to the higher level.
By reversing the action the platform loaded or unloaded may be again lowered
to the lower revel. For this purpose a steam cylinder is placed or fixed in
any convenient locality. At one end of such cylinder a pipe is connected, the
other end of such pipe being connected to the lower end of 'a second or water
cylinder of small section, but of much greater length than the steam cylinder.
In this second cylinder a cupped piston works, and on the upper end of the
piston rod the platform is fixed. The length of stroke of the piston in this
water cylinder depends on the height between the lower and upper level.
Steam is admitted into the steam cylinder so as to act on the other side of
the piston to that in contact with the water, by which the piston in the steam
cylinder will be moved towards, the other end of the cylinder, which will cause

page_text: the water to be forced through the pipe, and to act in the cupped piston in the
other or water cylinder; and, thus, will the platform be raised from the lower to
the upper level. The steam is supplied by a steam pipe, having thereon a
three-way cock or valve, so that when the platform is to be again lowered the
steam is permitted to escape from the steam cylinder. The platform may
have rails fixed thereon to correspond with rails on the lower and higher
levels; or the platform may simply consist of a plain surface or other form,
according to the use to which it is to be applied.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOCKS FOR BAGS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1856.
I, HENRY HILL, of Stepney, in the County of Middlesex, Lock Maker,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN LOCKS FOR BAGS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:
In the most approved bag locks, as at present made, the bolt is drawn down
by the thumb or finger nail pressing upon the spindle or key pin when the
bolt has been only single shot; on the bolt being double shot, then the key
must be used to bring it back to the single shoot, and the key removed to
enable the bolt to be entirely drawn back by the finger. Now, these locks
have many disadvantages, which my present improvement will overcome.
My Invention consists in acting upon the bolt, when only singly shot, by a
stud connected to the bolt and brought up at the top of the lock, or at right
5 angles, or nearly so, with the lock spindle. As before, a key must be used to
double shoot the bolt and bring it back to the single shoot; it need not, how-
ever, be removed from the lock, as the opening or unlocking is completed by
pressing down the stud above alluded to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOVES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Rogers Toms at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1856.
I, SAMUEL ROGERS TOMS, of No. 3, Church Villas, Croydon, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN GLOVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing gloves with a small pocket-purse,
bag, or receptacle to contain money, railway tickets, memoranda, and other
small articles, such as are usually carried in the hand, particularly by ladies
whilst shopping, riding in public vehicles, &c.; the intention of this Invention
being to afford a perfectly secure and readily accessible pocket or compart-
ment in which to place money, &c., instead of carrying the same loose in the
hand, or thrusting the same between the glove and the palm of the hand, as
commonly practised. The above improvement improvement may either be
produced by sewing a separate piece of kid to the palm of an ordinary glove,
or by cutting a slit therein and attaching a pocket thereto; or in the case of
knitted or washable gloves, the pocket may be formed therewith. In either
case the peculiar feature of novelty in this Invention consists in manufac-
turing gloves with the before-mentioned pocket-purse, however said pocket
may be produced or disposed in the glove.
IMPROVEMENT IN OIL AND SPIRIT LAMPS, BY THE FORMATION OF BURNERS OBVIATING SHADOW
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sherar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th September
1856.
I, JOHN SHERAR, of Aberdeen, North Britain, Ironmonger, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENT IN OIL AND SPIRIT
LAMPS, BY THE FORMATION OF BURNERS OBVIATING SHADOW," to be as follows:-
The outer part of the burner, between which and the centre part of the
burner holding the wick the air passes to support the flame, is made of a
conical shape, and at such a distance from the flame as to allow the rays
of light from the flame passing beneath as well as above this outer part,
and without throwing any shadow therefrom below or round the lamp. The
glass may be supported on a narrow rim or shoulder at the lower end of this
outer part of the burner, the glass being steadied by a support raised from the
centre part or tube of the burner.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SPINNING WORSTED
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescrived
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1856.
I, HENRY BROWN, of Halifax, in the County of York, Worsted Spinner, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SPINNING
WORSTED," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in spinning worsted.
Heretofore in spinning worsted yarn the speed has been limited by reason of
the ends of the fibres being liable to fly off from the surfaces of the yarn if
the flyers of the spindles have been caused to revolve at a materially highe
velocity than that ordinarily practised.
Now my improvement consists of employing flyers, when spinning worste
yarn, with hollow limbs, in order to enclose the fibres, and thus to retain the
fibres from the action or pressure of the atmosphere, by which the ends of the
fibres will be kept from flying off by the centrifugal force and the pressure
of the atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPRESSED-AIR LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th January
1856. A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPRESSED-AIR LOCOMOTIVE
ENGINES," a communication from 'Jean Pierre Louis Florimond Datichy, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Mechanician, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of loco-
motive engine to be worked by compressed air in place of steam, whereby a
great econony of fuel is effected, and the expence of a tender obviated.
The improvement consists in the employment of a small steam engine and
boiler, to be carried on the main framing of the locomotive, for the purpose of
working two or more double-action air pumps, which compress the air into a
receiver or magazine, whence such compressed air is delivered by suitable
stop valves to the main actuating cylinders of the locomotive, such cylinders
being of the ordinary size and construction, and fitted with slide valves and
gear precisely similar to those usually employed in locomotive engines.
The small cylinder for working the air pumps, with the pumps themselves
and main actuating cylinders, are carried on the framework immediately in

page_text: front of the locomotive, the framing being continued forward for that purpose.
The small steam engine boiler may be placed in the same position as ordinary
locomotive boilers, and the compressed air receiver or magazine may be
situated below the boiler and parallel thereto. In the after end of the
receiver is formed a water tank for supplying the small boiler, whilst the coke
or other fuel may, by reason of the small dimensions of the boiler, be stowed
away on each side of it; leaving, however, a free passage, or platform round the
engine for the driver to walk along when inspecting the machinery. By this
arrangement of locomotive engine a smaller engine and boiler will be required;
consequently, a proportionate economy of fuel will be effected, whilst at the
same time the motive power will be, increased previous to starting, by the
working of the air pumps during the stoppages at stations, in place of such
power being wasted, as is the case at present, by blowing off through the
safety valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CAST STEEL TYRES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bennett Howell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
June 1856.
I, JOSEPH BENNETT HOWELL, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CAST STEEL TYRES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in submitting rings of cast steel, or ring ingots, cast
by centrifugal force, or by any other suitable method, to rolling and annealing
processes for the production of tyres, so as to free them from brittleness
and give greater strength to the metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Haslam and James Haslam
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 3rd October 1856.
We, ROBERT HASLAM, Weaver, and JAMES HASLAM, Timber Dealer, of
Preston, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the stopping of the loom upon that defect
usually termed floating taking place. This we accomplish by causing the
weft thread to be severed or removed from the action of the usual detector
apparatus. In order to illustrate this, we will describe certain mechanism
which may be employed.
Above the shuttle is placed a curved spring or small vibrating lever so
situate as to pass freely through the shed during the operation of weaving,
excepting when the defect termed floating has taken place, the said spring
cr lever is then pressed down, and is thus made to bring a piece of metal
or other material into action upon the weft, by which the latter becomes
broken.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Auguste Thérèse at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
January 1856.
I, LOUIS AUGUSTE THÉRÈSE, of Paris, in the French Empire, Saddler, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN HARNESS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a new form of buckle, an improved construction
of saddle bow, and of harness pad. I form my buckle with a frame of any.
desired form, and substitute for the ordinary moveable tongue or tongues,
fixed studs, which I prefer to be of brass or of some other metal which will
not readily oxydize. Holes in the traces, or other parts of the harness, aro
made at required distances in the usual manner, and these are held by the
studs. Harness pads and saddle bows are now generally made of wood or
iron covered with leather; these materials being rigid, frequently hurt the
animal's back, while such as are of iron have the additional defect of destroy-
ing the leather from oxidation. Now, my improvement consists in forming
saddle bows and pads in stout leather, which I previously bend upon shapes
to the required form.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FOLDING OR ADJUSTABLE ARTICLES OF FURNITURE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Naar at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th April
1856.
I, WILLIAM NAAR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Upholsterer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FOLDING OR ADJUSTABLE ARTICLES OF FURNITURE," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
This Invention relates to the mechanical arrangement and construction of
couches, sofas, and articles of furniture of a generally similar character, in
such manner that they may be be easily and accurately adjusted at different sup-
porting angles, to accommodate the wishes of the user. As applied to an
ordinary couch the Invention is carried out by making both the back and the
arm or end piece moveable.
The entire back is hinged at its outer end to a horizontal stud in the couch
frame, this joint being so arranged as to afford the back a trifling amount of
horizontal end play or traverse; the other end of the back, where it ter-
minates in an ornamental scroll, is jointed to the corresponding upper scroll end
The arm itself again is hinged upon a horizontal spindle on the
couch frame, so that the moveable parts comprehend three separate joints.
The bottom joint of the arm is fitted with a ratchet-detaining apparatus, such

page_text: as an ordinary ratchet segment, with a detent catch gearing in it to hold up the
arm and the back to whatever height may be desired. When the arm is quite
erect, or nearly so, the parts are, of course, in their most elevated position, and
the couch has the appearance of an ordinary unadjustable article of furniture.
When the user desires to lower the parts to obtain a different and more con-
venient inclination, he raises the ratchet detent by a string or other attachment
disposed beneath the couch pillow; this allows the arm to turn outwards and
downwards upon its bottom centre, taking with it the corresponding end of
the back, the traverse joint of which allows of the necessary shift. When
sufficiently low, the ratchet detent is again put in gear to retain the parts in
their desired position. When the parts are to be set up, all that is necessary
is to press up the arm from the outside. In the back is a curved or seg-
-mental slot, in which is entered a stud pin fast on the main frame. This
steadies the back, whilst it can still work freely. With this arrangement
the couch or whatever article is thus treated may have five or more separate
inclinations given to it, and in each of these inclined portions it preserves
uninjured all the grace of the original design.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Simon Holland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1856.
I, JOHN SIMON HOLLAND, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to render iron fibrous, and for this purpose,
after it has been smelted, I run the iron in a molten state into a circular.
cupola, and cause it to partake of rotary motion, by forcing into it from the
sides or bottom of the cupola air or steam, or both, through tuyeres placed at
a tangent to a circle drawn within the metal. I sometimes employ air that
has passed through a furnace instead of steam, for communicating rotary
motion to the metal. Instead of making my cupola circular it may bo
elliptical, or circular in parts only, or of such form as would admit of an easy
circulation or revolution of the metal. It will be better that the cupola have
a circular or other suitably-shaped core in the centre, but such may or may
not be employed, as desired.
My Invention further consists in raising the air employed to the full pressure
of which one fan is capable, then subjecting it in that state to the action of a

page_text: second fan, by which its pressure is increased, and then conducting it into the
cupola; or it may be subjected to a third fan, or more, until raised to any
desired pressure.
second fan, by which its pressure is increased, and then conducting it into the
cupola; or it may be subjected to a third fan, or more, until raised to any
desired pressure.
This mode of forcing air may be applied to other purposes for which com-
A SYSTEM OF SUBMARINE COM- MUNICATION
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed.
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Coddé at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March 1856.
I, LOUIS CODDE, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France,
and of 4; South Street, Finsbury, London, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention of A SYSTEM OF SUBMARINE COM-
MUNICATION, to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in a mode of constructing submarine railways. I
employ iron tubes A, A, Figures 1 and 2, from about fifteen to eighteen feet in
length and four inches in thickness and eighteen feet in diameter, and which,
when united together, form a single continuous tube, in which the railway is
to pass. The tubes are provided internally at proper intervals with joints C.
To prevent water from entering the tubes when being sunk and previous to
their junction, I close the extremities of the tubes with an iron plate a,
Figure 1, about one-third of an inch in thickness, and which is screwed or
bolted to the joints C, with which one of the extremities of each of the tubes
is provided,
The plate of tube A, Figure 2, is concave, and that of tube A, Figure 1, is
convex. By this arrangement, when the tubes A, A, are united together, the
plates a, b, fit into each other completely, and the tubes being screwed or
bolted to the joint C, the interior of the tubes becomes hermetically closed.

page_text: When all the tubes are united together, communication is opened through the
whole length of the railway by removing the plates a, b; the rails are then laid
down by the ordinary means. The external surface of the tubes is coated with
hydraulic cement, and, as a farther precaution, previous to applying the cement,
gutta percha, or other analogous substance, may be laid over the points of
junction of the pipes. When the depth of the sea renders it impracticable to
place the railway on the bottom,. the tubes may be supported in sections on
floats, placed at the necessary parts, and the usual means of suspension are
employed.
The supports D (one of which is seen in side view, Figure 4,) are cast in one
piece, or, if in separate pieces, they are properly united; they may be solid or
hollow, and are employed whenever the depth of the sea is not too great to
allow of their being set on the ground..
Figure 5 represents a portion of the tube; A is an arch or tunnel in the earth
near the place for the admission of the tube containing the railway; C, C, the
joints of the various sections of the tubes; D, D, masonry or iron supports, to
be used whenever the ground permits of it.
Ventilators and thick glass windows, not shewn in the Drawing, are placed
at intervals, to permit the admission of air and light.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CEMENT
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Oldham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
March 1856.
I, WILLIAM OLDHAM, of Southam, in the County of Warwick, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CEMENT, to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of cement from lias lime, heretofore the practice has
been to slack the lime, and subsequently to calcine, mix, and grind it with clays
or other suitable matters; and my improvements consist in first grinding
the white or blue lias lime to a powder, either separately or with a suitable
admixture of clays; these materials are then rendered plastic, and formed
into suitable shapes, for the purpose of burning or calcining, after which
they are reduced to powder by grinding to a state suitable for cement, when it
is fit for use. By this means the lias lime is never slacked until it is used in
the state of cement, when it will set better and more readily under water,
and will possess other properties as a cement, superior to that of ordinary
manufacture.
A MATERIAL FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF FLIES, GNATS, AND OTHER INSECTS
Year: 1856

page_text: ICES
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June 1856.-
A communication.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of Hastings, in the County of Sussex, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MATERIAL FOR THE
DESTRUCTION OF FLIES, GNATS, AND OTHER INSECTS," (communicated to me by a
foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
My material is paper made from pulp of cotton and wool, prepared by being
steeped in a solution of ingredients destructive to insect and not to human life,
with sugar and honey added; the paper on being removed must be allowed
to drain, and is then dried. When required for use, a sheet of paper, prepared
as above mentioned, is placed on a plate or dish, and must be kept damp.
By way of example, I prepare a solution as follows:-Distil 40 lbs. hore-
hound, 40 lbs. nux vomica, 40 lbs. ceradilla, 40 lbs. quassia excelsa, 40 lbs.
Indian berry (coccus menispermium), in 800 quarts of water, for 12 hours;
decant and distil again for 12 hours in 200 quarts of water; mix these two
infusions together and dissolve 30 lbs. common sugar, 2 lbs. potash, and 10 lbs.
honey; when this is finished then dip unsized paper in the infusion. The
paper should be made from cotton and woollen rags. The paper is then
strained for six hours, and next dried by exposure to hot air. It may then be
cut into sheets.
AN IMPROVED COUPLING FOR CONNECTING CARRIAGES, LOCOMOTIVES, AND ALL VEHICLES USED ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
March 1856.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for AN IMPROVED COUPLING FOR CONNECTING CARRIAGES,
LOCOMOTIVES, AND ALL VEHICLES USED ON RAILWAYS, to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its main object the connection of the several
carriages of a railway train, and of the front carriage with the locomotive, in
such a manner, that while all remain upon the line of rails, all the connections
of the several carriages will remain perfect; but if the locomotive or any
carriage gets off the line, it will disconnect itself from the carriage or carriages
immediately connected with it, and thus prevent them also from getting off the
line; at the same time that the above object is obtained, the coupling is self-
connecting when the carriages are run up to each other on the line. One of
the connecting links of the coupling is made of wrought iron, in the same way
as the ordinary coupling link, and when about to be coupled, the end thereof is
brought against curved or cam pieces of the corresponding part of the coupling,
and thereby lifts up the coupling pin and allows the link to pass under it; the

page_text: pin then falls into the link, and the latter cannot be withdrawn until the pin is
lifted up again. The cam or curved pieces connected with the coupling pin are
so arranged, that when the link is any great distance out of a straight line, as
it would do if one of the carriages were to run off the line, then the link would
come under the cam pieces, and lift up them as well as the coupling pin, and
the link would then be free to be drawn away from the coupling, and would
therefore be easily detached in case of any accident.