New or Improved Means and Apparatus for the Manufacture and Bottling of Aerated Liquids.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 20th July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 21st May, 1894-Accepted, 14th July, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Means and Apparatus for the Manufacture and
Bottling of Aerated Liquids.
I, ALFRED HENRY CANNON, of 32 King Street, Hammersmith, in the County
of Middlesex, Confectioner, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in that class of aerating machinery and
apparatus in which the water or other liquid is forced in a more or less finely
divided state through a vessel charged with carbonic acid gas at a high pressure on
its way to the bottle into which it is forced and the bottle closed by means of
corking, or, as is more usual, by that form of stopper which commonly consists of a
glass ball or other valve forced upwards by the internal pressure against an india
rubber or other washer in the neck of the bottle. The application of this class of
stopper necessitates the reversal of the bottle in order to bring the said valve to its
seat, and my invention is specially applicable in cases where such reversal of the
bottle is necessary.
According to my invention, each operation of the bottling, corking or other
stoppering apparatus is made to force into the gas chamber the exact quantity, or
thereabouts, of water or other liquid necessary to charge one bottle. For example
in cases where the stoppering is effected by the reversal of the bottle, I mount the
bottling and stoppering mechanism on a shaft revolving in bearings and having
thereon an eccentric or cam connected in any suitable manner with the piston or
plunger of a cylinder the valves of which cylinder are so arranged that at one
stroke of the piston or plunger the required charge of water is drawn from the
main, tank, or other source of supply, into the cylinder, and at the return stroke
the said charge is forced into the gas chamber where it passes through a series of
perforated pipes, gauze, or other device for ensuring its intimate contact, in a
subdivided form, with the gas, and thence to the bottling apparatus where, at the
required moment, it is admitted into the bottle through a plug-cock or valve also
actuated directly or indirectly by the rotation of the said shaft. A suitable back
pressure valve is provided for the purpose of preventing the gas in the gas chamber
from entering the water charging cylinder while water is being drawn into such
cylinder, but in some cases I provide means whereby as soon as the full charge of
water has been drawn in on one side of the piston, a certain quantity of high
pressure gas is admitted to the cylinder on the opposite side of the piston, thereby
assisting to force the charge of water into the gas chamber. This gas may be
drawn from the said gas chamber but I prefer to draw it from the "tube," bottle,
or other store of gas of a higher pressure than that contained in the gas chamber.
On the return stroke of the piston, this gas is allowed to escape into the gas
chamber or otherwise. The valve employed for the admission of high pressure gas
from the gas "tube," or bottle, preferably consists of a disc or other valve opening
inwards in such a manner that the pressure of the gas in such "tube or bottle keeps
such disc or valve normally closed, and it is preferably opened by a cam or tappet on
the shaft of the beforementioned bottling or stoppering apparatus acting on its
spindle. This valve may be arranged to discharge gas into the beforementioned.
water cylinder or into the gas chamber direct as may be desired.
Dated this 20th day of July 1802
""
A. H. CANNON.
W. H. Beck,
Per S. E. Gunyon,
115, Cannon Street, London, Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Means and Apparatus for the Manufacture and
Bottling of Aerated Liquids.
I, ALFRED HENRY CANNON, of 32 King Street, Hammersmith, in the County
of Middlesex, Confectioner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
This invention relates to improvements in that class of aerating machinery and
apparatus in which the water or other liquid is forced, in a more or less finely
divided state, through a vessel charged with carbonic acid gas at a high pressure,
on its way to the bottle, into which it is forced, and the bottle closed by means of
corking, or, as is more usual, by that form of stopper which commonly consists of a
glass ball or other valve forced outwards by the internal pressure against an india-
rubber or other washer in the neck of the bottle. The application of this class of
stopper necessitates the reversal of the bottle in order to bring the said valve to its
seat, and my invention is specially applicable to cases where such reversal of the
bottle is necessary.
According to my invention each operation of the bottling, corking or other
stoppering apparatus, is made to force into the gas chamber the exact quantity, or
thereabouts, of water or other liquid, necessary to charge one bottle. For example
in cases where the stoppering is effected by the reversal of the bottle, 1 mount the
bottling and stoppering mechanism on a shaft revolving in bearings and having
thereon an eccentric or cam connected in any suitable manner with the piston or
plunger of a pump, the valves of which are so arranged that at one double stroke
of the piston or plunger the required charge of water is drawn from the main, tank,
or other source of supply, and is forced into the gas chamber where it passes
through a series of perforated plates, wire gauze, or other device, for ensuring its
intimate contact, in a subdivided form, with the gas, and thence to the bottling
apparatus where at the required moment it is admitted into the bottle through a
plug cock or other valve, also actuated directly or indirectly by the rotation of the
aforesaid shaft.
And in order that my said invention may be fully understood I will now proceed
to describe the same with the aid of the accompanying two sheets of drawings in
which
Figure 1 is a front elevation of an aerating and bottling machine, of the kind in
which the stoppering is effected by reversing the bottle, with my improvements
applied thereto,
Figure 2 is an elevation partly in section, on line X-X of Figure 1,
Figure 3 a sectional plan taken on line Y Y of Figures 1 and 2, and
Figures 4 and 5 are detail sections.
A represents the stand of the machine the lower part of the legs being broken off
in Figures 1 and 2. B is the water and gas chamber or reservoir, and C is the
tube or bottle containing the store of carbonic acid. This tube or bottle may be
conveniently secured in place whilst in use in the machine by being placed between
the two diverging arms C' cast with or secured to the water and gas chamber 1,
and held there by the screw' clamp C² the ends of which are hooked and take over
the studs C³ on the said water and air chamber B. D is a shaft adapted to revolve
in bearings in the brackets D' connected with the chamber B. One end of this
shaft D is formed as the conical plug of a tap as shown at D2 in Figures 2 and 3.
This conical plug revolves in a corresponding shell D³ fixed in one of the
brackets D' and is pressed into the said shell by means of a conical centre point D*
pressed against the end of the shaft D by means of a spring D' the pressure of
which can be adjusted more or less by screwing the bolt D in or out in the fixed
crosshead D'. E is the bottling frame secured by its conically-bored boss E' un

page_text: the conically-turned end of the shaft D by the nut E2 and set screw E³, or by other
suitable means. E is an arm adjustable on the frame E and carrying the spring
support E on which the bottle Frests during the filling operation and by which it
is pressed with its mouth against the indiarubber washer Ex (see Figure 4).
surrounding the filling nozzle E. E' is a tap communicating with a chamber E
surrounding the nozzle E and which allows the air to escape from the bottle as it
is being filled. G is a pipe connecting the nozzle E with the shell D³ of the
aerated water tap.
H is a pipe connecting the shell D³ with the lower part of the
water and air chamber B, the part of the said pipe in the said chamber being
preferably perforated with small holes for the passage of the mixed water and gas.
I is a pump the piston J of which is actuated by the eccentric rod K moved by the
eccentric L on the shaft D. The pump I is shown double-acting and provided
with suction valves M M and delivery valves N N. P is a suction pipe leading
from any suitable source of water supply to the suction valve boxes, and Q is a
pipe leading from the delivery valve boxes to the top of the water and gas
chamber B.
R is a pipe leading from the outlet valve C, of the carbonic acid tube or
bottle C, to a valve box S containing a valve T which is opened for an instant at
each revolution of the shaft D by means of a cam U mounted thereon and acting
on the end of the spindle T¹ of the said valve which passes through a stuffing box
as shown. The valve T is closed again by the spring V and by the pressure of
the gas behind it.
It will now be understood that assuming that the lower part of the chamber B
is charged with a certain quantity of aerated water, say up to the point marked B*
in Figure 1, leaving the upper part of the pipe H above the level of the said water
(which level is generally indicated by a suitable gauge glass not shown in the
drawings) and that the upper part of the said chamber is charged with carbonic
acid gas at the required pressure, as indicated by a pressure gauge, not shown in
the drawings, also that the valve C' on the carbonic acid tube or bottle C is opened
to allow gas to pass to the valve box S; the bottling frame E, with the empty
bottle F mounted therein, is turned by the lever handle Es into the position shown
in Figures 1 and 2 and this brings a passage W in the tap plug D' to coincide with
a passage D8 in the tap shell D³ which communicates with the pipe H. (See
Figures 3 and 5, the latter figure being a vertical longitudinal section of the tap
plug D2 etcetera.) Passage W communicates with passage W¹ in the shaft D, and
this passage W communicates in turn through the boss E of the bottling frame
with the pipe G leading to the filling nozzle E. The pressure of the gas in
chamber B then forces aerated water along with gas from the lower part of the
chamber B through pipe H, the passage D8 in the tap shell D³, plug D³, boss E¹
and pipe G to the filling nozzle E, and the air tap E' being opened, the air escapes
from the bottle and the latter is filled with aerated water. The tap E is then
closed and the frame E and bottle F are then turned over by the lever handle E*
to allow the valve of the bottle to roll to its seat, and this movement takes the
passage W away from communication with the pipe H, and the supply of aerated
water to the bottle is thereby cut off. The frame E is then further rotated, either
in the same or the reverse direction, nearly, but not quite, to its first position;
the filled and stoppered bottle is removed, and an empty one put in its place, after
which the frame is brought again to the first position, and the fresh bottle is filled,
and so on.
It will be seen that each time a bottle is filled the shaft D is caused to
make either a complete revolution in one direction, or a half revolution in one
direction and back again, and consequently that the piston J of the pump I is
caused to make a double stroke, and as the capacity of this double stroke of the
piston is as nearly as may be equal to that of the bottle filled, that quantity of fresh
water is forced into the top of the chamber B, where it falls on the perforated
plate Z and is thereby subdivided and falling in that form through the gas in the
upper part of the chamber becomes thoroughly impregnated therewith. The
revolution, or partial revolution, as the case may be, of the shaft D, not only forces

page_text: water into the chamber B, but causes the cam or tappet U to open the valve T for
an instant and thereby to allow a certain quantity of gas at a higher pressure than
that in the chamber B to pass into the latter to make up for that which had been
withdrawn in the water last filled into the bottle.
It is obvious that the pump I may be made single-acting instead of double-
acting if preferred, and that the shaft D and bottling frame E may be turned by
any suitable gearing or other means instead of by the lever handle Es, for example
a spur wheel may be mounted on the shaft D in place of the lever handle E8 and
be turned by another spur wheel or pinion mounted on a second shaft arranged at
the back of the machine for example and rotated by means of a crank handle or
otherwise. And if preferred the pump for forcing the water into the chamber B
may be actuated from the said second shaft instead of from the shaft D.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. In apparatus for aerating and bottling liquid a rotatory shaft carrying
the bottling frame and adapted to serve as the tap or valve for admitting liquid
from the aerating chamber to the bottle and for cutting off the
and a pump
for supplying liquid to the aerating chamber, combined, arranged and operating
substantially as described.
same,
Second. In apparatus for aerating and bottling liquid a rotatory shaft carrying
the bottling frame and adapted to serve as the tap or valve for admitting liquid
from the aerating chamber to the bottle, and for cutting off the same, and a valve
for admitting gas from a store tube or bottle to the aerating chamber, combined,
arranged and operating substantially as described.
Third. In apparatus for aerating and bottling liquid a rotatory shaft carrying
the bottling frame and adapted to serve as the tap or valve for admitting liquid
from the aerating chamber to the bottle and for cutting off the same, a pump for
supplying liquid to the aerating chamber, and a valve for admitting gas from a
store tube or bottle to the aerating chamber, combined, arranged and operating
substantially as described.
Fourth. In an aerating and bottling machine the filling nozzle No, elastic
washer Ex, chamber E' and air tap E', combined and arranged as described, and
for the purpose set forth.
Fifth. The improved apparatus for aerating and bottling liquid constructed and
operating substantially as described.
10th
1001