IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING PAPER BAGS.
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan of Kensington, Middlesex for an
invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING PAPER BAGS.-A
communication from abroad by Myron Nathaniel Stanley, of New York,
United States of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1882.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR MAKING PAPER BAGS," a communication from abroad by Myron Nathaniel
Stanley, of New York, United States of America,
This invention relates to machines for making paper bags from a continuous web
of paper.
In such machines the paper is drawn forward from a feed roller in a continuous
web, and is first passed between feed rollers which move it forward continuously,
thence between two rollers one of which carries in it a reciprocating knife for
cutting the paper off into blanks of proper length to form bags; thence between
folders which turn over or fold the sides of the blank so that they will lap over
each other to form the longitudinal seam; thence between a paste box and adjacent
roller, by which paste is applied to the end, and the flap at the bottom of the bag
is creased and turned up at an angle to the bag; and thence between other rollers
which turn over and pass down the flap to close the bottoms of the bags and which
deliver the bags from the machine.
The invention consists in a knife composed of a straight stock piece cut away
upon the under side, a bowed stock piece, slitted at each end to form two fingers,
the upper of which are detachably secured to the straight stock piece and the lower
of which lap under the same, and the sectional blade.
Also in the combination of a pair of rollers, a reciprocating knife in one roller,
yokes to which said knife is connected and which are adapted to slide upon the
ends of said roller, and cams for moving said yokes to operate the knife.
Also in the combination of two rollers between which the paper passes and which

page_text: have circumferential beads and corresponding grooves, and a reciprocating knife
carried in one of said rollers.
Also in the combination of a paste box, a reciprocating carriage supporting said
box, and guides therefor, and a crank shaft and a connecting rod or rods for
operating said carriage.
Also in the combination of a paste box, a plate for supporting bags while paste is
being applied, a shaft with which said plate rotates, and mechanism for moving
said plate towards and from the centre of the shaft.
Also in the combination of a creasing blade or knife, an elastic creasing roller, a
shaft with which said roller rotates, and mechanism for moving said roller towards
and from said shaft.
Also in the combination of a paste box, a creasing knife or blade a plate for
supporting the bags while paste is being applied, an elastic creasing roller, a shaft
with which said plate and creasing roller rotate, and mechanism for moving said
plate and roller towards and from said shaft.
Also in the combination of a reciprocating paste box, a plate for supporting bags
while paste is being applied, a shaft with which said plate rotates, yokes to which
said plate is attached and cams for moving said yokes and plate towards and from
the centre of said shaft.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th November 1882.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of Kensington, Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR MAKING PAPER BAGS," a communication from abroad by Myron
Nathaniel Stanley, of New York, United States of America.
This invention relates to machines for making paper bags from a continuous web
of paper In such machines the paper is drawn forward from a feed roller in a
continuous web, and is first passed between feed rollers which move it forward
continuously, thence between two rollers one of which carries in it a reciprocating
knife for cutting the paper off into blanks of proper length to form bags; thence
between folders which turn over or fold the sides of the blank so that they will
lap over each other to form the longitudinal seam; thence between a paste box and
adjacent roller, by which paste is applied to the end, and the flap at the bottom of
the bag is creased and turned up at an angle to the bag; and thence between other
rollers which turn over and pass down the flap to close the bottoms of the bags
and which deliver the bags from the machine.
The present invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of the
knife which cuts the belt or web of paper to form the blanks; also in an improved
construction of the roller in which said knife is carried and of the roller which
operates in combination therewith; also in an improved combination of mechanism
for reciprocating the knife in its roller; also in an improved combination of
mechanism for reciprocating the paste box so that it will move at the same speed
as the bags to which the paste is being applied; also in an improved arrangement
of a supporting plate which holds the bags against the paste roller carried by the
paste box; and further in an improved combination of mechanism for raising and
lowering the aforesaid paste plate, and an elastic creasing roller against which a
creasing knife or blade carried by the paste box works, so that after paste has been
applied to the bottom portion of the bags and the bottom flaps have been creased,
the remaining or upper portion of the bags will move freely between the paste
roller and supporting plate without being pasted or acted upon by the creasing
knife or blade. In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 represents a longitudinal
vertical section of the improved machine; Figure 2. represents a side view of the
roller which, rotates in contact with the roller which carries the reciprocating knife
for cutting the belt or web of paper into blanks; Figure 3. represents a partial
longitudinal section of said roller and its adjacent roller, between which the belt or
web of paper passes; Figure 4. represents an end view of said rollers and devices
for moving the knife. Figure 5. represents a plan of the complete knife; Figure 6.
represents a similar view of a portion thereof on a larger scale; Figure 7. represents
a side view of a portion of the knife on the same scale as Figure 6. Fig 8
represents a plan of a portion of the knife on the same scale as Figure 6. and 7,
Fig. 9 represents a transverse section of the knife on the dotted linex Fig. 7;
Fig. 10. represents a similar section of the knife on the dotted line y y Fig. 7;
Fig. 11. represents a plan of a portion of the paper belt or web, showing the lines
on which it is cut; Fig. 12. represents a plan of one of the blanks; Fig. 13. represents
a plan of a bag before the bottom flap is closed over the bottom; Fig. 14 represents
a longitudinal vertical section of the delivery end portion of the machine, including
the paste box and all its appurtenances, and upon a larger scale than Fig; 1; Fig. 15
represents a transverse vertical section on the dotted line z z. Fig. 14; and Figs. 16
and 17. designate detail views of yokes which support the paste plate, and end view
of the roller over which the paper passes while being pasted.

page_text: Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the Figures. A
designates the frame of the machine and B designates a driving shaft to which
motion may be communicated by a driving belt passing over pulleys thereon.
C designates a roll of paper and a designates the continuous belt or web of paper
drawn therefrom and passed around a roller a¹ and thence between a pair of feed
rollers bb', the first of which is rotated positively and the second of which rotates
by frictional contact with the web of paper. Motion may be transmitted to the
roller b in any suitable manner as for example by a shaft extending transversely to
the driving shaft B and the roller b.
After the paper is fed forward by the feed rollers bb', it is carried between to
rollers or cylinders D D¹ which rotate nearly in contact with each other, and the
upper of which carries a knife for dividing the web of paper transversely into
blanks of the proper lengths to form bags. The two rollers D) D' are geared
together by wheels c as seen in Fig. 3, and upon the shaft of the lower roller D is
a gear wheel c'. Motion is transmitted to the lower roller D by means of a gear
wheel c² on the main shaft B and an intermediate wheel cs engaging with the
wheels c¹ and c² as clearly seen in Fig. 1. In unwinding the paper from the
roll C it is found that the paper tends to curve or curl upwards after passing the
rollers D D¹.
When the roll C of paper is large in diameter the deflecting of the paper over
the roller a² is sufficient to take the curl out of the paper, but as the roll becomes
smaller it is insufficient to straighten the paper. To take this curve or curl out of
the paper I form the lower roller D with projecting circumferential beads d, and
the upper roller D' with corresponding circumferential grooves d', and as the paper
is passed between the two rollers it is slightly corrugated longitudinally near each
edge by the beads & and their corresponding grooves d' and such corrugation tends
to straighten the paper and prevents the blanks after being cut off by the knife
carried by the roller D¹ from curling up. These rollers with their beads and
corresponding grooves I regard as of great importance, as they accomplish effectively
the straightening of the paper, and they may be used in other machines for
straightening a continuous belt or web of paper.
I will now describe the construction of the knife which is carried in the upper
roller D' and the means whereby it is operated.
This knife is employed for cutting the belt or web of paper a transversely on
the lines a² as scen in Fig. 11. and it will be observed that the cuts a² are
irregular, and the blanks a³ into which the paper is divided have each a projecting
flap at which when the blank is folded on the lines a (see Fig. 12) so as to unite
the side edges, is folded over the open bottom and pasted down to close the
bottom.
It will be understood that the width of the flap a will vary in bags of different
sizes and hence a knife having a blade of different form must be used. The knife
is represented in Figs. 5 to 10 inclusive.
The stock of the knife is composed of a straight piece or bar e, and a curved
piece or bar e¹ attached thereto at both ends. The straight piece or bar e is cut
away in the middle of its length on the under side, and the piece el is slit longi-
tudinally at each end, as seen in Fig. 7, so as to form two fingers or projections e² e³.
The upper fingers e² are firmly secured to the piece e by screws e¹ or otherwise as
seen in Figs. 6 and 7, but the lower fingers es are bent farther inwards as seen in
Figs. 6 and 8, and project under the cut away portion of the piece e, at each end of
the piece e¹.
The blade of the knife is composed of three portions ff. The pieces or
portions are soldered to the inner side of the stock piece e at each end thereof
and the portion f¹ is soldered to the stock piece e¹ and is adapted to fit between
the pieces f. The manner in which the blade is fitted to the stock pieces e e¹ is
shown in Figs. 9 and 10.
It will now be understood that the bending of the lower fingers e³ of the piece e¹
farther inwards thau the fingers_63, brings the portions f¹ and ƒ of the blade end to

page_text: end and produces a continuous cutting edge which may be toothed or serrated as
seen in Fig. 7 if desired to increase its effectiveness. In order to produce the
blanks having flaps a of different widths I provide a single stock piece e with
sections ff of the blade permanently fixed thereto, and as many pieces e¹ with
attached blade sections f¹ as I desire to make sizes of bags. The pieces e¹ are all
of the same length from end to end, but their straight portions at the ends are of
different lengths and consequently their middle portions which are bowed outwards
from the picce e will vary in length, and are adapted to form flaps of different
widths. The piece el shown in Fig. 6. is bowed outwards nearly to the ends,
leaving only enough straight at the ends to fit on the piece e, and hence it is
adapted for cutting a wide flap. The piece e¹ shown in Fig. 6. is adapted for cutting
the widest flap for the widest bag which it is desired to make, and the piece e¹
shown in Fig. 8, and which is straight for a greater distance from the ends, is
designed to cut a narrower flap for a narrower bag. It will be seen that the
removable stock piece e' is of great advantage as it enables me to readily adapt the
knife for bags of various widths. The knife is fitted in a longitudinal slot in
the upper roller D₁ and is adapted to be reciprocated therein, so as to project
beyond the periphery thereof. The lower roller D is provided with a slot to
receive the edge of the knife, shown in Fig. 2, and composed of narrow end
portions gg, and a wider intermediate portion g' which receives the stock piece el
of the knife, and which is as long as the piece e', shown in Fig. 6, as having the
longest bowed or bent portion. Hence no modification of the roller is necessary
for knives of different sizes.
The knife stock e is provided at each end with a block f and is connected at
the ends to two yokes f* by means of screws or studs f5 which pass through the
said yokes and enter the blocks f³. The yokes fare slotted so as to receive the
hubs on the ends of the roller D₁ and are secured on the ends of the roller D' by
gibs f, between which they slide, as seen clearly in Fig. 4. When not otherwise
actuated the yokes are moved to draw the knife within the periphery of the roller
by means of springs f' which are secured in grooves in the periphery of the roller
as seen in Fig. 3, but springs might be otherwise arranged to produce the same
result. The yokes fare provided with friction rollers f8. and as the roller D¹
rotates, and when the knife is diametrically between the two rollers D and D¹ the
yokes are moved to cause the knife to protrude from its slot and cut the paper,
by means of stationary cams f° attached to parts of the frame and against which
the rollers bear. By this means the knife is projected from the roller at the
proper time and is then withdrawn.
At the end of the machine at which the paper enters is a small elevated table A¹
upon which may be supported a paste box for delivering paste upon one longi-
tudinal edge of the strip or web of paper so that when the two edges are folded so
as to overlap they will be stuck together. As this pasting of the longitudinal
edges forms no part of this Invention I have not here shown the appliances for
doing it.
After passing the rollers D D' the blanks which have been cut off enter between
a plate or platen E and an endless belt F, shown clearly in Fig. 1. The belt F is
carried by rollers F' to one of which motion may be communicated by gearing
from the driving shaft B or in any other suitable manner. The upper or carrying
part of the belt F passes over a series of rollers h which are mounted in stationary
bearings, and by them the said upper part of the belt is pressed against the
platen E and as the friction between the belt and the paper blanks is greater than
between said blanks and the platen or plate E, the blanks will be carried forward
by the belt.
I may here remark that the speed of the belt F should be slightly greater than
the circunferential velocity of the rollers D D'. so that the blanks will be moved
forward a trifle faster than the web of paper from which they are cut. On each
side of the machine are folders G which are spiral or twisted blades secured rigidly
in place, but capable of adjustment towards and from each other.

page_text: When the two opposite sides of the blanks meet these folders they are gradually
turned up from a horizontal position to a vertical position and then inwards upon
each other, thus folding the blank on the lines a³ Fig. 12.
Over the roller F. nearest the delivery end of the machine, and over which the
belt F, passes, is a small stationary roller h¹, under which the blanks pass and
which, in connection with the belt F, feeds them forward until they escape from
under it.
I will now describe the mechanism for pasting the end of the bag and for
creasing the blank preparatory to folding over the flaps a' (see Fig. 12) and which
is best shown in Figs. 14 and 15 but also in Fig. 1.
H designates the paste box which is mounted in a movable carriage H¹. which is
adapted to reciprocate along guides or slides H².
I designates a shaft extending transversely across the machine and carrying a
gear wheel I which engages with a wheel 12 upon a shaft I³. The shaft 13 may
have rotary motion imparted to it in any suitable manner, as for example by a
shaft extending from and transversely to the main driving shaft B and bevel
gearing. Upon the shaft I are two cranks i, and J designates connecting rods by
which the crank pins of the cranks are connected with wrist pins or studs ¿¹
projecting from the sides of the carriage H' as seen in Fig. 15.
In the open throat of the paste box H is a paste roller j and upon the end of the
shaft of said roller is a ratchet wheel j' seen in Fig. 15, which is adapted to strike
against a stationary pawl or arm as the box reciprocates, whereby a fresh surface
of the roller is brought into use. Upon the paste box H is a blade or gate k
which may be adjusted towards and from the roller j by means of set screws k¹
to cause its edge to press with more or less force upon the surface of the
roller and thereby regulate the quantity of paste carried out of the box of the
roller.
Below the paste box H is a shaft K mounted in stationary bearings and upon
this shaft is secured a roller L, and immediately below the shaft K is another
shaft M also mounted in stationary bearings. The shaft K derives motion from
the shaft Is by means of a wheel K¹ engaging with the wheel I".
The shaft M derives motion from the shaft Is by means of a gear wheel M¹.
engaging with the wheel I*.
Upon the ends of the roller L are hubs L, and designate yokes which are
slotted so as to fit over said hubs and slide thereon transversely to the shaft K and
said roller L.
If desired the yokes l' may be held upon the ends of the roller L by means of
gibs which form guides or slideways in which the yokes may move freely. The
two yokes are connected at their ends by a supporting plate 12 for the bags, so
that both yokes are caused to move simultaneously.
Upon the lower shaft M are two cams N placed opposite the yokes and as said
shaft is rotated these cams raise the yokes and the supporting plate 2 so as to
raise the latter into contact with the paste roller ; or rather to cause it to press a
bag up tightly against said roller.
When the yokes l'are not acted upon by the cams N they are drawn down or
in the opposite direction to move the supporting plate 12 nearer the shaft K. by
means of a spring 13 which extends from one yoke to the other as seen in
Figure 15 and is secured in a groove in the roller L.
From the above it will be seen that the paste box H is moved forward with its
roller immediately over the bottom portion of the bag where it is desired to
apply the paste and when the movement of said paste box brings the roller j
immediately over the plate 12 the latter having been raised gradually by the
action of the cams N on the yokes reaches its highest position and presses the
bng against the roller ; to deposit paste upon it. At this instant however the
drop or let off of the cams N pass the cam-shaped ends of the yokes 1 and
the yokes are drawn down by the spring 3, lowering the plate 12 away from the
roller j. When the plate 12 moves away from the paste roller j the bag might

page_text: stick to the roller, and to prevent this I employ a guard m, which consists of a
plate pivoted at n and slotted so as to fit over the roller; The bags pass under
this guard and as soon as the plate l³ moves away from the roller j the guard m
falls by its own weight, assisted by a spring o, if desirable, and carries the bag
directly away from the paste roller.
Attached to the box H on the side opposite the blade or scraper k is a creasing
blade or knife p which may be adjusted downwards by screws p¹ and in the
yokes just forward of the plate 12 is mounted a creasing roller p² composed of
India rubber or other elastic material which is soft and into which the blade or
knife p may indent itself. When the yokes and the supporting plate 12 are
moved up so also is the creasing roller p² moved up against the blade or knife p,
and thereby is the bag creased at the juncture of the flap a with the bag so that
the said flap will stand up at an angle of about 45 degrees to the bag.
The sudden movement of the plate 12 away from the paste roller j prevents the
paste from being applied to too large a portion of the bag and the roller L is of
such small diameter that ample space is left between it and the paste roller j for
the passage of the bag forward while the paste box moves backward without any
danger of pasting the bag beyond its extreme lower or bottom portion.
In order to bring the paste roller j over the supporting plate 12 at precisely the
right time I preferably make the connecting rods J adjustable in length and this
may be done by making them in two pieces connected by a screw threaded sleevo
and jam nuts as clearly seen in Figure 14.
After the bag is released from between the paste roller j and the plate l² and has
been creased it is still held between the small roller ' and the travelling endless
belt F and said roller and belt do not release their hold upon the bag until it enters
between pressing rollers 00¹ the former of which may be rotated positively by
any suitable gearing from some other shaft of the machine and the latter of which
rotates by frictional contact with the bags These pressing rollers 0 0¹ press the
flap a down upon the pasted portion of the bag and complete all the operations of
making the bag and before the bag leaves the rollers 001 it enters between two
rollers P P which again press it and aid in smoothing and finishing the bags.
The lower roller P is rotated positively while the upper roller P³ rotates by
frictional contact with the bag
From the final pressing rollers the bags are delivered into a box or other suitable
receptacle and are tied together in bundles after which they only require to be
dried to prepare them for sale
1st A knife for a paper bag Machine composed of a straight stock piece, a
bowed stock piece detachably secured thereto and a sectional blade substantially
as herein specified.
2nd A knife for a paper bag machine composed of a straight stock piece cut
away upon the under side, a bowed stock piece slitted at each end to form two
fingers. the upper of which are detachably secured to the straight stock piece
and the lower of which lap under the same and the sectional blade substantially as
herein specified
3rd In a paper bag machine the combination of a pair of rollers a reciprocating
knife in one roller, yokes to which said knife is connected and which are adapted
to slide upon the ends of said roller and cams for moving said yokes to operate
the knife substantially as herein specified.
4th The combination with the roller D¹ of the knife e c' the sliding yokes f¹
the friction rollers f8 the springs f' and the cams f substantially as herein
specified
5th The combination with the rollers D¹ carrying a reciprocating knife of the
roller D, having a slot composed of the narrow end portions g, and wider, inter-
mediate portions g¹ substantially as herein specified.

page_text: 6th In a paper bag machine the combination of two rollers between which the
paper passes and which have circumferential beads and corresponding grooves
and a reciprocating knife carried in one of said rollers substantially as herein
specified.
7th In a paper bag Machine the combination of a paste box a reciprocating
carriage supporting said box and guides therefor and a crank shaft and a connecting
rod or rods for operating said carriage substantially as herein specified.
8th The combination of the paste box H the Carriage H¹ with wrist pins ¹ the
guides H the shaft I and cranks i and the connecting rods J adjustable in length
substantially as herein specified
9th In a paper bag machine the combination of a paste box, a plate for
supporting bags while paste is being applied a shaft with which said plate rotates
and mechanism for moving said plate towards and from the centre of the shaft
substantially as herein specified.
10th In a paper bag machine the combination of a creasing blade or knife an
elastic creasing roller, a shaft with which said roller rotates and mechanism for
moving said roller towards and from said shaft substantially as herein specified.
11th In a paper bag machine the combination of a paste box a creasing knife or
blade, a plate for supporting the bags while paste is being applied an elastic
creasing roller a shaft with which said plate and creasing roller rotate and
mechanism for moving said plate and roller towards and from said shaft
substantially as herein specified:
12th In a paper bag machine the combination of a reciprocating paste box a
plate for supporting bags while paste is being applied a shaft with which said
plate rotates yokes to which said plate is attached and cams for moving said yokes
and plate towards and from the centre of said shaft substantially as herein
specified
13th The combination of the paste box H the creasing blade or knife p the
plate 12 the sliding yokes ¹ the elastic creasing roller p² and the cams N substantially
as herein specified
In witness whereof I the said Herbert John Haddan have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twentieth day of October A.D. 1882.