IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR REDUCING ORES AND SIMILAR MATERIALS, AND FOR COMPOUNDING DIFFERENT INGREDIENTS SUCH AS THE OLEAGINOUS AND RESINOUS MATTERS USED IN MAKING SHEEP SMEARS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Girdwood, of Edinburgh, in the County.
of Mid Lothian, North Britain, Wool Broker, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR REDUCING ORES AND
SIMILAR MATERIALS, AND FOR COMPOUNDING DIFFERENT INGREDIENTS SUCH AS
THE OLEAGINOUS AND RESINOUS MATTERS USED IN MAKING SHEEP SMEARS.".
Scaled the 22nd May 1869, and dated the 5th December 1868..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Girdwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th December 1868.
I, ROBERT GIRDWOOD, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Wool Broker, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR REDUCING
ORES AND SIMILAR MATERIALS, AND FOR COMPOUNDING DIFFERENT INGREDIENTS
SUCH AS THE OLEAGINOUS AND RESINOUS MATTERS USED IN MAKING SHEEP-
SMEARS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in imparting a longitudinal reciprocating
motion to one or both of a pair of rollers used for crushing or reducing
ores or similar materials or for compounding different ingredients such
as the oleaginous and resinous matters used in making sheep smears..
In the application of the Invention to ore crushing rollers the longi-
tudinal reciprocating motion will cause the materials to be more

page_text: thoroughly reduced so as to require no subsequent stamping, whilst the
rollers will tend to keep each other's surface true and avoid the pitting or
roughening which occurs with ordinary crushing rollers, and is in fact
the cause of the incompleteness of their crushing effect. The application
of the Invention to rollers for compounding different ingredients admits
of these being dealt with in their cold and solid or semi-solid condition
which is of importance in the case of sheep smears, as the compounds.
are apt to become objectionably colored by the heat that it has hitherto
been considered necessary to usc. Whilst the rollers by their ordinary.
action simply crush the ingredients into fine particles the longitudinal
reciprocating motion causes the reduced particies in addition to be rubhod
amongst cach other, and thereby become intimately mixed or compounded.
The longitudinal reciprocating motion may be imparted to the roller or
rollers in a variety of ways. In one simple plan the end of the-roller-or
a drum fast on the journal thereof has an undulating groove formed
round it, and a pin fixed to the framing projects into the groove, and
causes the roller to move longitudinally as it turns. In another plan a
lever made to reciprocate by a revolving crank, eccentric, or cam, acts
between collars on the journal or shaft of the-roller, and thereby produces
the desired effect.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Girdwood in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 4th June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
GIRDWOOD, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, Wool Broker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty. Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the. thirty-
second year of Her, reign, did, for Herself, Her licirs and successors, give
aud grant unto me, the said Robert Girdwood, Her special licence
that I, the said, Robert Girdwood, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert, Girdwood, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein

page_text: expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend;
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR CRUSHING ORES AND SIMILAR MATERIALS, AND FOR COMPOUNDING DIFFERENT
INGREDIENTS SUCH AS THE OLEAGINOUS AND RESINOUS MATTERS USED IN MAKING
SHEEP SMEARS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Robert Girdwood, my executors or administrators by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to he
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Girdwood, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manuer the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say :--
My said Invention consists in imparting a longitudinal reciprocating
motion to one or both of a pair of rollers used for crushing or reducing
ores or similar materials, or for compounding different ingredients such
as the oleaginous and resinous matters used in making sheep smears.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood I have hereunto appended a Sheet
of explanatory Drawings to be herein-after referred to and representing
two examples of my improved apparatus.
Figure 1 is a plan, and Figure 2 is an end elevation of a modification
suitable for crushing hard or gritty materials such as ores. In this
arrangement there is a first motion shaft 1, with a fly wheel 2, and
with a pulley 3, to receive motion from any suitable prime mover by.
means of a belt, or this shaft may be actuated directly by a steam
engine. This first motion shaft 1, has fast on it a pinion 4, gearing
with a spur wheel 5, on a shaft 6, which is connected by a coupling
to the spindle or shaft 7, of one of the crushing rollers 8. This
and the other roller 9 have their axes in the same horizontal plane, aud
their spindles revolve in suitable bearings in massive frames or
housings 10, connected by the rods 11, and bolted down upon timbers 12.
The roller S causes the other 9 to revolve by contact, and the bearings of
the latter are adjusted towards the former by screws 13. The longitudinál.

page_text: reciprocating motion is most conveniently applied to the roller 9, which
is not directly driven, and for this purpose one end of its shaft 14 i
formed with collars 15, between which there is applied a ring 16, put
together in halves and held by pins in the ends of a forked lever 17
This lover 17 is set on a vertical stud, and has formed in one piece with
it an arm 18, at right angles that is jointed to the rod of an eccentric 19
on the shaft 6. The rotation of the eccentric causes the bell-crank
lever 18, 17, to vibrate and to impart the desired longitudinal recipro-
cation to the roller 9. The eccentric 19 may be on a shaft geared to the
shaft 6, and running at a different rate if preferred.
The second modification is partially shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5,
which are respectively a plan, an end elevation, and a vertical section.
Parts-corresponding to those already described for the first modification
are marked by the same reference numerals. In this second modification
the second roller 9 or the one not directly driven runs loose on its
shaft 14 between collars, of which one, 20, is shown in Figures 3 and 5.
The shaft 14 is squared at the part where it rests in the framing 10,
and it has on its end a crosshead 21 formed with a vertical cross guide
slot for brasses upon a crank 22 on a transverse shaft 23 carried--in-
bracket bearings 24, and driven by means of a bevil wheel and pinion 25
from the shaft 7 of the other roller 8. In this example the required
longitudinal reciprocation of the roller 9 is obtained by the direct action
of the revolving crank 22. The reciprocation of either of the rollers
may be obtained in various other ways, thus for example, in one simple
plan a drum or pulley fixed on the shaft or journal of the roller has an
undulating groove formed round it, and a pin fixed to the framing
projects into the groove and causes the roller to move longitudinally as it
turns.
My improvement will be found advantageously applicable wherever
either smooth or fluted or otherwise roughened rollers are used or
proposed to be used for crushing or reducing hard or gritty materials of
any kind. Thus in crushing ores, and in any cases wherein it is desired
to reduce the materials at once to a fine powder, smooth rollers being
used, the longitudinal reciprocating motion will cause the materials to be
more thoroughly reduced so as to require no subsequent stamping, whilst
the rollers will tend to keep cach other's surface true, and avoid the
pitting or roughening which occurs with ordinary crushing rollers,
and is in fact the cause of the incompleteness of their crushing effect.

page_text: My improvement will also be found very advantageous when applied
to apparatus for compounding different ingredients, and its applications
in this way are innumerable. The longitudinal reciprocation of the rollers
promotes the intermingling of the ingredients at the very time when
they are being reduced by the crushing action to a state adapting them
for combination. The ingredients are passed through the rollers in a
roughly mixed state, and may in some cases be passed through twice or
oftener. The compounding of sheep smears affords a striking example
of the utility of my improvement. Hitherto it has been considered
necessary to use heat in making such compounds when comprising solid
or semi-solid fats, such hent causing them to be objectionably colored
and otherwise injured. With my improved apparatus, however, the
ingredients may be compounded or combined in their cold and solid or
semi-solid condition, whereby the coloring and other objectionable effects
are avoided.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I have to state that I do not
restrict myself to the precise details herein described or delineated, but
that what I believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention
secured to iné by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
1. The imparting of a longitudinal reciprocating motion to one or both
of a pair of rollers used for crushing or reducing hard or gritty materials,
or for compounding different ingredients.
And 2. The mixing of solid or semi-solid ingredients with the like or
with other ingredients in the cold state to form sheep smears, with the
aid of apparatus substantially such as is herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Girdwood, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this First day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
ROBERT GIRDWOOD. (L.s.)