Improvements in Bearings and Journals.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 31st May, 1892-Accepted, 13th Aug., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bearings and Journals.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS CARROLL of 13 Sever Street Worcester, in the County
of Worcester, State of Massachusetts, United States of America, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to non-metallic bearings and journals, and more particularly to
the wooden bearings of spindles, spinning rolls, or other similar devices, and the object
of my invention is to make a non-metallic bearing which will not require the
constant application of oil, as a lubricant, to lubricate the spindles, spinning rolls,
or other devices running in, or on said non-metallic bearings.
wax,
My invention consists in combining with a non-metallic bearing or journal, a
such as beeswax, paraffine wax, or myrtle wax, (sometimes called bayberry
tallow,) and thoroughly saturating the non-metallic bearing with the wax, as will
be hereinafter fully described.
The drawing represents one form of a non-metallic bearing embodying my
invention.
Heretofore when non-metallic bearings or journals have been used for spindles,
spinning rolls, etc., the bearings, generally made of wood, have been soaked in oil
for the purpose of lubricating the metallic surfaces which turn in or on said
non-metallic bearings or journals.
I have found in practice, that by reason of the great speed at which the metallic
surfaces are revolved in or on non-metallic bearings or journals, the heat produced
by friction will cause the oil to ooze, or work out from the bearing on to the metal
surfaces, and to become gumined thereon, and thus interfere with the free operation
of the same; and in the case of spinning rolls, the oil will work out of the bearing
on to the metal surfaces of the roll, and on to the exterior surface thereof, and stain
the cotton, or other material which is being spun.
And further, where oil is used as a lubricant on non-metallic bearings, a constant
application of the oil is required, and in the case of spindles means must be provided
by which the oil may be applied whenever desired.
To avoid the objections above mentioned, to the use of oil as a lubricant on non-
metallic bearings and journals, I have substituted for the oil, a wax, preferably
beeswax, or paraffine wax, or myrtle wax.
I have found that neither beeswax, or paraffine wax, or myrtle wax can be used
as a lubricant on a metallic bearing as there is no oil or grease in them, but in
the case of non-metallic bearings made of wood, vulcanized fibre, leatheroid, or
other similar substances, a wax, such as beeswax, paraffine wax, or myrtle wax,
may be used as a lubricant.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown one form of a non-metallic bearing
embodying my invention, to wit:-A bearing or arbor 1, for spinning rolls,
which may be made of any non-metallic material, and preferably of maple, or
other wood.
In carrying out my invention, I prefer to first boil the wax, causing the same to
be in a soluble or liquid state. I then put the non-metallic bearing or journal into
the same, and let it remain there until it is soaked in the wax, and thoroughly
saturated therewith. The bearing is then removed and is ready for use.
I have found in practice, that after the non-metallic bearings or journals have
been thoroughly saturated in the wax, as above described, the wax will be sufficient
for the purpose of lubrication for an indefinite period of time; and further, the
wax remains in the bearing or journal and does not ooze or work out no matter at

page_text: how great speed the spindle, or other metallic device is revolved in or on said
bearing.
I have specified beeswax, paraffine wax, or myrtle wax, and 1 prefer to use said
materials, or one of them, but I may use any equivalent material, as stearic acid,
spermaceti, or natural or fossil wax, which is a mineral substance.
The myrtle wax referred to is made from the bayberry, and is sometimes called
bayberry tallow.
The great advantage of my improvements will be fully appreciated by those
skilled in the art, after the same has been tried.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
A non-metallic bearing or journal thoroughly saturated with a wax, such as
beeswax, paraffine wax, or myrtle wax, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 26th day of March 1892.
WILLIAM THOMAS CARROLL,
Per H. D. Fitzpatrick,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.
WILLIAM THOMAS CARROLL,
Per H. D. Fitzpatrick,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.