IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROVING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING COTTON, FLAX, SILK, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1838

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
RAYNER and JOSEPH. WHITEHEAD RAYNER, late of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, but now of Coventry, in the same County, Civil Engineers, and
HENRY SAMUEL RAYNER, of Ripley, in the County of Derby, Civil Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Thirty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and thirty-eight, and in the second year of Her reign, did, for
Herself and Her successors, give and grant unto us, the said Joseph
Rayner, Joseph Whitehead Rayner, and Henry Samuel Rayner, our exors,
admors, and assigns, especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that we, the said Joseph Rayner, Joseph Whitehead Rayner, and Henry
Samuel Rayner, our exors, adiñors, and assigns, by ourselves or themselves,
or by our or their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as
we, the said Joseph Rayner, Joseph Whitehead Rayner, and Henry Samuel
Rayner, our exors, adññiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in
all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, our Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROVING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING COTTON,
FLAX, SILK, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso obliging us, the said Joseph Rayner,

page_text: Joseph Whitehead Rayner, and Henry Samuel Rayner, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us,
particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
enrolled in Her Majesty's IIigh Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and inmediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Joseph Rayner, Joseph Whitehead Rayner, and Henry Samuel Rayner, do
hereby declare that the nature of our said Invention and improvements,
and the manner in which the same are to be performed, are described and
set forth in the following description thereof, and in the Drawings hereunto
annexed (that is to say):-
Sheet 1. Figure 1 represents our improved polygon regulator, with move-
able segments acted upon by curved or inclined surfaces, by which the dragg
or taking-up capacity of the bobbin may be adjusted to any assignable space
or part of an inch that. may be required. This Figure shews the connection
of the several parts, and in what manner, they act together. In the process
of roving and spinning, yarn or thread being delivered at a fixed and uniform
rate, the delivery of roving or yarn, &c. is always a constant quantity in a
given portion of time. The bobbin on which it is laid or coiled increasing in
diameter by the laying on of each successive lap or core, the regulator is
constructed so as to adjust the speed of the bobbin in the ratio of its increasing
diameter, that the dragg or speed may be uniform and the take-up regular.
a, a, is a metallic cylinder of suitable dimensions; b, b, b, are the moving
segments, which permit expansion and contraction; c, c, are collars or
bearings which suspend the ends of the cylinder on its bearings; s, s, is a
screw moving in a nut d in the end of the frame f, f, acting. upon the shaft g,
and which causes the expansion or contraction of the arms b, b, b, thereby
increasing or diminishing the diameter of the polygon regulator, by which the
speed of the bobbin is regulated in the ratio of its increasing diameter in the
manner afterwards described.
Sheet 2.--Figure 2 is a section of the polygon regulator, indicating the
method by which it is increased or diminished in diameter by the action of the
screw s, s. a, a, is the metallic cylinder; b, b, sections of the polygon arms
which pass through the cylinder a to the curved or inclined groove h; h, h, h,
in the metallic plates i, i, inserted in the disks of metal k, k. .The form of
this groove should be the curve traced or generated by a point intersecting
the extremities of the successive ordinates or radii of an assumed series of

page_text: pullies or wheels, of dimensions adapted or proportioned to give the required
taking-up power to the speed of the bobbin (an inclined line or groove might
be used, but would produce the required effect irregularly and with less pre-
cision).. e, e, are the ends of the cylinder, which are fitted to support (in the
cylinder) the shaft g by their bearings. The steel pins p, p, are made to fit
and slide freely in the grooves h, h. The interior box A, formed by the four
plates of metal i, i, i, i (more fully represented in Sheet 3, Figure 1), and by
the ends or disks k, k, is fixed on the shaft g, which, being moved by the screw
s, s, acting in the nut d, the arms b, b, will expand or contract agreeably to
the direction in which the screw moves, which arms are kept in their position
by the guiding flanches n, n, n, n.
Sheet 3. Figure 1 is a cross section of the box A when placed in the
cylinder a, a, a, a. b, b, b, b, are the polygon arms; i, i, i, i, the metallic
plates p, p, p, p, the steel pins that move in the groove h, h, in the plate i, i,
as seen in Sheet 2, Figure 2, and more distinctly at Sheet 3, Figure 2, which
indicates the metal plate and polygon arm in connection. Sheet 3, Figure 3,
is a separate view of the polygon arm placed across the cylinder. Figure 2 iş
another view of a single arin. The whole of the several parts connected
appear as seen in Figure 1. The several parts are moved by the wheel L, L,
(Sheet 2, Figure 2,) fixed on the screw s, s, and which movement is regulated
by a ratchet wheel equally divided into teeth, which teetli, are adapted to the
thickness of the yarn or thread intended to be made or spun.
Sheet 4.--Figure 1 represents an end view, and Figure 2 a front view (in
part), of a roving or spinning machine constructed of cast iron or other suit-
able material; and Figure 3 represents a flat and sectional view of the
polygon regulator and machinery connected with it, and the apparatus for
carrying the length of the lift or traverse motion. Figure 4 represents part
of the machinery described in Figure 2 upon an enlarged scale. a, a,
Figure 1, is an end view of the polygon regulator; 7, 7', represents a wheel
and pulley on the same shaft, moved by the regulator through the medium of
a strap B passing round the latter and the pulley. The wheel 2', connected
with the pulley, drives the wheel o on a shaft on which is fixed the bevel
wheel (see Figure 2), which moves another bevil wheel 1 on the bottom of
the upright shaft S, S. t is a pinion or wheel, six or seven inches long,
which moves the spur wheel u, on the same axis; the pinion v moves the
wheels w, w, &c. &c., which are fixed in the spindle box 32, 32, through
which-the spindles pass, and each of which wheels is attached to a plain
disk a, x, to receive the bobbin and give motion to the same. This motion
will be varied according to the expansion or contraction of the polygon

page_text: regulator. When the machine is in operation, as the regulator expands
it moves the pinion 9 (on the shaft 42, 42 (see Figure 4), which shaft
works in bearings in the ends of, and is supported by, the connecting pieces
41, 41) on the exterior of wheel o, the shafts or axis on which they move being
connected by the arms 41, 41, to which arms are attached a weight 40
(Figure 1), which produces a uniform tension on the strap B in a direction
opposite to the expansion of the polygon regulator. The spindle and fly y, y',
are put in motion by the horizontal shaft a, and the oblique bevels z, z¹, fixed
on the said shaft and spindle y. 1, 1, is an iron shaft, on which are placed the
driving pullies 2, 2. This shaft passes from one end of the machine to the
other, receiving motion by the pullies 2, 2, and which pullies communicate
motion to the wheels 7, 7, and, by a carrier or carriers, motion is given to the
lifting shaft 3, see Figure 1, which is moved by the wheel and pinion 8 and 9,
and 8 and 9, to reduce the speed of the shaft as required. The rollers 4, 4,
see Figure 2, are moved by the wheels 5, 5, and the bobbins are moved by the
long pinion or wheel t on the shaft S, S, the carrier wheels, u and v communi-
cating motion to w, w, &c. &c.; these severally, in connection, derive motion
themselves from the regulator through the medium of the strap B, and a, a, the
regulator, is put in motion by the shaft 1, 1, and the wheel 5 acting on the
pinion y on the end of the polygon regulator. (This shaft may be placed in
any situation most convenient for the general arrangement.) 7, 71, will also
move a polygon to adjust the up and down or traverse motion moved by the
shaft and wheel 91, 9, and the-wheel 8 on the shaft 3. The regulator may be
here introduced to perform all the operations, and will produce the effects
of the segment of a cone (sometimes used), but in a superior way, and with
greater accuracy. The changes of speed required by the increasing diameter
of the bobbin, as the yarn or roving is laid in successive coils, is effected by the
apparatus seen in Figures 1 and 3. 12 is a pinion on the end of a screw s, s,
and which pinion should be changed when the thickness of the yarn or roving
is changed. The pinion 12 is moved by the weight 20, acting by a strap or
cord 18 passing over the guide pullies 19, 19, to a grooved pulley on the
shaft 14, to which the cord 18 is fixed fast, and which cord, when the ratchet
wheel is set at liberty by the levers 15 and 16 being thrown out of gear as
after described, moves it over a space regulated by the size of the teeth which,
it has been already stated, are to be adapted to the thickness of the yarn
or roving to be made or spun. 17 is a plain wheel or disc of metal on the
shaft 3; in this wheel or disc are inserted pins of iron which act upon the bent
lever or levers 15, 16, and these levers work into the teeth of the ratchet
wheel alternately as the bobbin is moved up and down by the hearts and heart

page_text: levers 21, 21, which rise and fall the spindle and bobbin bar or box 32, 32.
221 is a spur wheel conducting motion by the shaft 14 to the spur pinion 23
(see Figure 3), which communicates motion to the wheel 24, and thence by
the shaft 38 to the bevel wheels 26 and 27; the latter wheel being attached
to the end of a screw working in a nut 30, fixed in the frame 28 and 29, moves
the axis of the heart lever 21. This apparatus shortens the lift as the bobbin
fills.
The draft rollers, not here described, are moved by the wheel 5, 5, and are
the same in all respects as the drawing head introduced by Arkwright, and
which are in general use.
In Figures 1 and 2 the application of a single polygon regulator is particu-
larly described and ascertained, a, a, being the polygon regulator with expanding
arms.
In
But the adjusting motion at q, q', and o, including the weight 40,
may be superseded by another polygon regulator, by which the strap or band
will be kept at equal tension throughout the entire filling of the bobbin.
this case one polygon will expand at the same instant that the other contracts,
which expansion and contraction will, by the means above described, be adjusted
to the exact ratio of the thickness of the yarn or roving to be laid or coiled on
the bobbin.
Instead of using two polygons, as above described, a similar effect may be
produced, but in a much less perfect manner, by adapting in any convenient
mode two blocks of wood, metal, or other suitable material, their surfaces
being turned according to the curve above described, as generated or traced
in the manner before mentioned for the groove in the regulating polygon.
In all the above Drawings the same parts of the machine are represented
by the same letters and figures, so far as they are represented in each
Drawing.
Figures 2 and 3, Sheet 5, represent our improved twisters, introduced
between the delivering rollers and the spindle and flyer (the spindle and
flyer may be of the usual construction). The twister is supported by the
bearings o, o, p, p, in a metallic frame, placed vertically or at right angles to
the delivering roller. a, b, a, b, are tubes through which the yarn is to pass,
and from thence to c and c', in Figure 2, and from 6 to c, c', in Figure 3; thence
the yarn passes to d, and by the tube d, through i, to the spindle and flyer, to
be coiled on the bobbin, as indicated by Figure 1. By the action of the
improved twister, particularly as it applies to silk spinning, it conducts the
twist to the delivery by the roller or otherwise, which will give strength and
uniform twist in the silk; and also in the case of yarn or other threads made
from fibrous materials, the twister may be put in motion by a tin cylinder

page_text: passing from one end of the frame to the other, or by any other convenient
method.
The regulating machinery herein described, and the improved twister, are
applicable in the process of spinning any description of fibrous material, in
conjunction with the machinery now in use, particularly sheep's wool, cotton
wool, and waste or inferior silk when reduced to a flossy or fibrous material,
for the purpose of making therefrom the article termed spun silk; and to a
mixture of the said last-mentioned material and fine wools, for yarn, usually
spun for the shawl trade; and, in particular, to all fine and delicate yarns.
In compliance with the proviso contained in the aforesaid grant we have
herein particularly described the nature of our Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, and in such a way and manner that by reference
to the Drawings any competent machine maker, having a knowledge of spin-
ning machinery, will be able to construct the same; and this our improved
machinery may be made of any suitable material convenient to the machine
niaker.
Those parts of the machinery which have not been particularly described are
such parts as are common to spinuing machinery. In the description of our
improvements, and the application of them to perform the operations intended,
we have described certain parts of the machinery at present in use; we, however,
distinctly disclaim any right in the Invention of those parts which are common
to spinning machinery in general; and we proceed to state our claims to be as
follows:-
First, we claim as our Invention a regulating polygon or expanding wheel,
by which the speed of the roving or spinning bobbin can be adjusted to its
increasing circumference caused by the laying on of successive coils of yarn or
roving of cotton, silk, wool, or any other fibrous substances or material, whether
applied to those purposes, or to any other machinery or purpose where an
increasing and decreasing motion is required.
Second, we claim as our Invention the application of the curve, traced or
generated by a point intersecting the extremities of the successive ordinates
or radii of a series of pullies or wheels, of dimensions adapted or proportioned
to give the required taking-up power in the speed of the bobbin, such curve
being applied by grooves traced in iron or wood, or any other material adapted
to secure the object, or by means of blocks of wood or other material turned
according to such curve.
Third, we claim as our Invention our described method of constructing,
working, and applying the single and double polygon regulator with curved
grooves, and the application of the same to give motion to spinning and roving

page_text: bobbins, so as to give the required speed for winding, coiling, or laying
uniformly the yarn or roving from one end of the bobbin to the other, and for
adjusting and regulating the motion for lifting or moving the bobbin up and
down.
Fourth, we claim also our Invention of a twister introduced between the
delivering roller and the spindle and flyer, by which the twisting is at once
carried up to the delivering rollers, whether the same be made in the form
described, or in any other form adapted to produce the same effect.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Whitehead Rayner, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Thirty-first day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirty-first day of January,
in the year of our Lord 1839, the aforesaid Joseph Whitehead Rayner came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that nuruose