IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."-A communication from
abroad by Henry Sulzer, Albert Sulzer, and Jean Rodolphe Ernst,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th September 1875.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," a communication
to me from abroad by Henri Sulzer, Albert Sulzer, and Jean Rodolphe
Ernst, all of Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineers, to be as
follows:-
This Tunation caladonn sales asan fan dindaihatin the strom AM

page_text: power steam engines constructed with valves of the description referred
to in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to John Imray,
No. 2193, 1872.
One part of this Invention has reference to lever or screw mechanism
for reversing the engine and varying the expansion at the same time.
.
This part of the Invention is based upon the following fundamental.
principle: Assume a hand-lever or screw which by any intermediate
parts acts upon a mechanism for reversing the engine in such a manner
that the mean position corresponds with stop, the position to the right
with go-ahead or forward motion, and the position to the left reverses
the engine :
Assume also the lever and the screw to be connected respectively with
a variable expansion gear in such a manner that two extreme positions
correspond with minimum admission, and that intermediate positions
somewhat nearer the centre are identical with the maximum admission :
In these cases the engine may be controlled or worked without regard
to the expansion apparatus, as with an ordinary distributing apparatus,
while for expansion it is only necessary to push back the lever or the
'screw in the same way beyond the intèrmediate positions towards the
extreme positions.
Between the intermediate positions all influence of the expansion
apparatus upon the distribution is suspended, while at the extreme and
intermediate points this influence is exerted or is allowed when the
engine is provided with an automatic governor or regulator, which in
this case is arranged between the first connecting link of the expansion
apparatus and the apparatus itself.
The connection of the lever of the reversing gear with regard to the
screw.with-the expansion gear may be effected in a variety of ways; but
'according to the necessary local displacement-of-the-first link forming
part-of-the-expansion goar three different modifications may be distin-
guished, which may be classed as follows :—
+
1. The minimum admissions for starting or reversing or working in
either direction are situated on the same side.
2. The minimum admissions for starting or working in the forward

page_text: direction are situate at one extremity of the stroke of the expansion
link before referred to and those for reversing the action opposite.
3. The expansion should only be used in working in one direction
forward, for example, while in reversing expansion is not required.
The regulating or reversing lever is connected with the expansion
apparatus by means of a bell-crank lever and connecting rods, or in lieu
of the bell-crank lever being connected by means of a rod any other
mode of construction may be adopted by employing, for example, cams,
eccentric stops with springs and the like.
In applying the apparatus to small vertical engines with one cylinder
for the service of screw ships the two slide valves are worked by one
eccentric only (formed as a counter crank); the rod of the eccentric is
connected with another rod by a link, which describes an arc inclined
on one side for working forward or going ahead, and on the other side
for reversing or going astern, according to the position of the lever of
the starting or reversing gear.
The distributing valve receives its motion from another link or rod
attached to the eccentric rod, the expansion valve receives its motion
from the link, which describes the arc, as hercin-before referred to, by
means of a rod and a sliding link turning around a fixed point and the
valve connecting rod. The bell-crank lever is displaced by the rod
connecting it with the regulating or reversing lever, and a similar action
takes place on the expansion valve rod connected with the sliding link,
whence it results that the course of the expansion valve is variable.
Another part of this Invention relates to distributing gear for engines,
with separate valves or slides, with or without means of changing or
reversing the action.
This part of the Invention is assumed as applied to valves constructed
with two scats, but it is also applicable to any description of sliding
valve: Assume a body forming part of any lever or rod directly or
indirectly in connection with the valve of admission and a flat or round
slide or sector, herein-after called the "transporter," and which, always
governed by the distributing gear, describes continuous and variable
curves sliding in contact with the body before referred to. The valve is
opened in one direction by the motion of the transporter and closed in
the opposite direction (automatically) when the transporter has left the

page_text: body with which it works in contact, and whiCH IS
left free to the action of the closing medium.
The improved gear, which also serves for changing the action or
reversing is constructed upon the following principles, viz'. :-
The transporter describes continuous curves in the shape of a heart 5
resulting from two different motions, one of which is the opening
motion.
In reversing the action the motion will be always reversed-relatively-
to the direction of the rotary motion of the engine, but the direction of
the displacing motion undergoes no alteration.
In altering the expansion either with or without a governor the whole
curve described by the transporter will be displaced in the longitudinal
direction, whilst the slide connected with the lever or rod is not displaced
in this direction.
By employing a governor the resistance will be reduced to a 1
minimum.
The closing of the valves is cffected by springs, the shock of these
springs upon the seats being softened by a piston compressing air.
]
In the case of engines with reversible action safety springs are
employed, below which presses the "transporter" against the end of the a
rod which displaces it in the longitudinal direction, so that the union is
sufficiently firm to overcome the resistance of the friction.
The Invention is applicable to horizontal winding engines with
governor and reversing gear, horizontal marine engine for a screw with
return connecting rod, vertical engine for marine work winding and
the like oblique marine engine, horizontal engines without governor
and without reversing gear, horizontal engines with a governor but
without.reversing-gear.-- -

page_text: normal working and towards the other side for reversing the action, and
towards the centre of the shaft for stopping.
A rod jointed to the eccentric rod imparts motion to a rocking shaft
carrying a disc or levers provided with pins, the arcs described by
which are utilized for controlling the inlet valves in the following
manner-To the pins before-mentioned there are jointed the extremities
of rods, to the opposite extremity of one of which is connected with a
lever, which by means of the transporter and a bell-crank or other
lever effects the opening of the valve.
The "transporter" acts as a detent, and the lever last-mentioned forms
a catch by liberation of which from the detent and by the arcs which
they are both caused to describe the desired action is obtained.
The displacing motion is best taken from the eccentric in a direction
perpendicular to a line which cuts the centre of the shaft, a separate
counter crank for the displacing motion may however be employed.
This motion is transmitted by a rod and a bell crank or other lever
directly to the transporter.
.
The latter lever may be constructed the form of a shaft, with levers
keyed or otherwise attached to one end, & if the motion of the 4 valves is
effected by a single eccentric, the rod for the first valve may be attached
at one end, and that for the second at the other end of the said shaft.
.
In the case of the rocking shaft actuated by the eccentric as before
mentioned, the oscillation of one end will effect the opening of the front
valve, that of the other end will effect the opening of the rear valve.
The shaft may also be employed for opening the outlet valves either
directly or by means of a cam mechanism in the case of horizontal
stationary winding engines, and engines to be employed for similar
purposes with reversible action, and with or without a governor; the
eccentric is replaced by a crank situate at the extremity of the
distribution shaft making as many revolutions as the engine. The
displacing shaft is carried by, levers keyed upon a shaft which is
supported in bearings in the frame, and it will be raised and lowered
according to the degree of admission.
In the case of twin engnies two shafts similar to the latter are
employed which are connected by rods and levers and a cross shaft.
The latter shaft is controlled by the governor to the extent that the
position of the reversing lever and the rod connected with it allow.

page_text: On the cross shaft herein-before mentioned there is mounted a crank
arm to which the rod last-mentioned is connected; the connection of this
rod with the crank arm is not fixed but adjustable, whereby full admission
can be given when it is required by the governor even in the extreme
positions of the reversing lever.
If also the connection between the governor and shaft are not quite
fixed or rigid, but somewhat flexible it will-be-possible at any moment
to remove the controlling influence of the governor when required, and
even to rapidly reverse the direction of the action of the engine.
The displacing rod is placed on the side opposite to the transporter in
consequence of the more advantageous arrangement of the safety springs,
and the catch lever is secured to a tube connected with a piston working
in a suitable air cylinder. Around this tube there is fitted in the
interior of the cylinder a disc having a boss screwed into the cylinder
cover, which disc serves as a receiver in order to prevent the pendent
arm of the catch lever from descending beyond a given distance. An
india-rubber exhaust valve is provided, by the aid of which together
with an adjusting screw the compression of the air in the small cylinder
can be easily regulated in such a manner that the piston shall not come
into contact with the disc which will always be fixed at a short distance
below the lowest position the valve would require. A spring.may be
employed in substitution for the disc.
In the case of horizontal marine screw engine the rod connected with
the regulating lever is displaced by means of the slotted arm connected
with the eccentric rod, so as to give a more or less inclined position to
the bell-crank lever which receives an oscillating motion by means of a
-series-of.connecting links or rods, for as the lever arms or sectors are
moved-from-the same side the motion towards one side is utilized for
effecting the escapement of the anterior lever arm. The outlet valves
are-situate-on-the-same-level behind the inlet valves, and arc worked in

page_text: common with the outlet valve, the rod of which eccentric transmits its
motion by means of a pin carried on a projecting spur of the eccentric
to a rocking arm or lever, the opening rod being directly connected to
such pin as in preceding arrangements.
The bell-crank lever of the "transporter" may be provided with a
flat slide at its lower part, moved or actuated from the eccentric by the
intervention of a connecting rod. The slide may however be replaced
by a lever arm actuated from an extension of the eccentric.
When a governor is employed the displacing rod is not directly con-
nected with the eccentric rod, but through the intervention of a small
bell-crank lever connected with the eccentric rod by a pin.
The rocking arms or levers lastly herein-before mentioned may be
advantageously placed on the axis of the governor itself whence the
lever may be moved, the displacement being effected by means of an
intermediate lever and small adjustable rod.
The outlet valve is also worked from the projecting spur of the
eccentric by means of a cam and a roller, in such a manner as to obtain
a rapid opening and closing of this valve, and to admit of its being
retained in its open position for a sufficient length of time.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 9th March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the 39th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her
special license, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times' there-

page_text: "
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," a communication to
me from abroad by Henry Sulzer, Albert Sulzer, and Jean Rodolphe
Ernst, all of Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineers, upon the
condition_(amongst others)-that-I, the said John Henry Johnson, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
The said Invention relates to valve gear for distributing the stream or
other motive fluid, and reversing or not the motion of the engine, and
it is applicable to steam engines in general, but more particularly
to motive power steam engines constructed with valves of the descrip-
tion refered to in the Specification to Letters Patent granted to John
Imray, No. 219372.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the three annexed Sheets of
Drawings, the same-letters-of-reference-indicating corresponding parts
in all the corresponding Figures.
.
Cirence to lever of screw mechanism
for reversing the engine and varying the expansion at the same time.
This part of the Invention is based upon the following fundimental
principle-Assume a hand lever or screw, which through the inter-
vention of any intermediate parts acts upon a mechanism for reversing
the engine in such a manner that the mean position corresponds with
stop, the position to the right with go ahead or forward motion, and the
· position to the left reverses the engine:

page_text: 2nd. The minimum admissions for starting or working in the forward
direction are situate at one extremity of A, B, and those for reversing
the action opposite.

page_text: Figure 4, Sheet 1, shews an example of the apparatus applied to a
small vertical engine with one. cylinder for the service of screw ships,
and which offers principally the advantages of convenience and safety
in those cases in which the engineer has to control two engines at once
(as, for example, for twin screws). The two slide valves are worked by
one eccentric only (formed as a countercrank); the rod 11 of the
eccentric is connected with the rod 2 by the pin 10 which describes an
arc m, n, inclined on one side for working forward or going ahead, and
on the other side for reversing or going astern, according to the position
of the lever of the starting and reversing gear 1.
The distributing valve receives its motion from the pin g, the expansion
valve receives its motion from the pin 10 by means of the rod 5 and of
the sliding link 6 (which turns around the fixed point 7), and of the
rod 8. As in Figures 2 and 3 (Sheet 1) the bell-crank lever 4 is
displaced by the rod 3, and a similar action takes place on the rod 8 in
the sliding link, whence it results that the course of the expansion valve
is variable and can be reduced even to zero. Thus for working in either.
direction the minimum admission corresponds to the maximum course
of the expansion valve and to the extreme positions of the lever of the
starting or reversing gear 1. It is immaterial if the movement of the
distributor even changes slightly in displacing the lever from a to b
(Figure 2, Sheet 1), for in most cases, even when the maximum
admission is used, a less opening of the ports is desirable.
This simple apparatus, which can be adopted in the case of any system
of distribution, requires no additional attention on the part of the
engineer beyond what is necessary for reversing or changing the action
in the ordinary way with one slide valve only, and it is especially
applicable to winding engines, marine engines, locomotives, and the
like. By means of this mechanism in the case of locomotive engines the
use of special apparatus for expansion, such, for example, as a second
slide valve and the like, will no longer offer any obstacle. The com-
bination in this case will be always very simple, but it will be necessarily
changed in form according to the construction of the distributing or
valve gear and the expansion desired.
Another part of this Invention relates to distributing gear for engines
with separate valves or slides with or without means of changing or

page_text: In the annexed Sheets of Drawings the distributing valve gear is
shewn applied in conjunction with lift valves, but it is equally applicable
to flat or round sliding valves, assuming that the opening of the ad-
mission apparatus is effected by the distributing mechanism, and that
it is automatically closed.
The arrangements herein-after_described-are-those-adapted for double-
"beat valves or valves constructed with two seats. Let A, Figure 5
(Sheet 1), represent a slide forming part of any lever or rod directly or
indirectly in connection with the valve of admission, and let B represent
a flat or round slide or sector, herein-after called the transporter, and
which being constantly controlled by the distributing gear describes
continuous and variable curves, the valve is opened in the direction
indicated by the arrow b¹, and when the transporter B has left A the
valve is closed in the opposite direction, as indicated by the arrow b².
In the distributing gear described in the Specification of the said
former Letters Patent the transporter B described ellipses derived from
a single eccentric, the rod of which at its upper part was guided in a
straight line, the governor caused the slide A to advance more or less
in the direction x, x¹, and thus changed the admission.
The improved gear, which also serves for changing the action or
reversing, is constructed upon the following principles, videlicet:-
1st. The transporter B describes continuous curves in the shape of a
heart, resulting from two different motions, one of which is the opening
motion (in the direction y, y',) and the other the displacing motion (in
the direction x, x³‚).
2nd. In reversing the action the motion. will be always reversed
relatively to the direction_of_the_rotary-motion of the engine, but the
direction of the displacing motion undergoes no alteration. Thus the
engine_working-in-a-forward-direction, and the reversing lever being in
the-corresponding position, the transporter B will travel in the direc-
tion z, z¹. The same action takes place when the engine is reversed
and the lever is in the reversed position, but in giving back or counter-
pressure, that is to say, by reversing the lever rapidly while the engine
is still working in its original direction, the motion of the transporter
takes place in the direction 2¹, z.
3rd. By altering the expansion either with or without a governor the
whole curve described by the transporter will be displaced in the direc-

page_text: tion x, x, (that is to say, x, x¹, by diminishing, and x¹, x, by augmenting
the admission,) while A is not displaced in this direction.
4th. The curves, 2, is selected of such a form that the speed of B on
coming in contact with A shall not be too great, but at this moment the
speed of B should increase rapidly. By reason of this property the
improved apparatus is applicable to a tolerably high rate of speed, the
shocks which are unavoidably caused by the sudden admission of the
steam being diminished without incurring loss of pressure or the liability
of abnormal indications in the indicator diagram.
5th. The part 2, ', of the curve should always be of sufficient extent to
ensure even in the case of the minimum admissions that the transporter'
B shall be in contact with a considerable part of the surface of A, and
also that the small variations in the displacement of the curve shall
effect small variations in the admission, which is especially necessary in
working with a small supply of steam.
6th. The contact of the surfaces of the transporter B, and of A, is
absolute, whereby their wear is diminished.
7th. By employing a governor the resistance which has to be over-
come will be reduced to a minimum.
8th. The closing of the valves is effected by springs, the shock of
these springs upon the seats being deadened by a piston compressing air,
but no claim is made to this arrangement as forming any part of this
Invention.
9th. For engines with reversing gear it is preferred to employ the
mechanism first herein-before described.
No escape will take place between the positions b, b, (Figures 1, 2,
and 3, Sheet 1,) and the engineer can manipulate, reverse rapidly, give
counterpressure, and so on without the risk of a shock of B against A,
even when B describes the curve z, z, in the opposite direction.
In the case of engines with reversible action, safety springs c, Figure 6
(Sheet 1), are employed, which spring press the transporter B against the
end E of the rod D, which displaces it in the direction x, x¹, so that the
union is sufficiently firm' to overcome the resistance of the friction of A
on B. Should a shock of B against A occur, no injury can result.
Such a shock however can only take place when the engineer rapidly

page_text: The opening-motion is obtained in the following manner:-An
eccentric 12 is keyed upon the main shaft, or upon a shaft specially
provided for working the distribution. The point 10 on the extended
rim of the eccentric (or upon the eccentric rod) moves along a grooved
or slotted arm 13, forming a slideway and capable' of turning on its axis;
the arc m, n, which the point 10 describes is inclined towards one side
for the normal working, and towards the other side for reversing the
action, and towards the centre of the shaft for stopping. Starting from

page_text: the point 9 the rod 14 imparts motion to a shaft 17, and the arcs
described by the pins 19 (upon the levers 13) are utilized for controlling
the inlet valves.
If L, L, Figure 4, Sheet 2, indicate the direction of the rod 20 in its
middle position, the end of 20 travels from as far as c, and returns
while the inlet valve remains closed, that is to say, during the return of
the piston.
The rod 20 approaching d commences to open the inlet
valve, the point e may represent the dead point, and at another point g
it is necessary that the sectional area necessary for the admission should
be already attained, while the point 19 still moves as far as f, and
afterwards commences its return. This opening motion when the
dimensions are suitably arranged answers perfectly to the conditions
indicated above. This movement can be reversed by the grooved or
slotted arm, that is to say, for working forward (lever in the forward
position) the point 19 passes from the dead point e towards ƒ and
returns, and for reversing the action (lever in the reverse position)
also. When the counterpressure is to be applied, the point 19 travels
relatively to the same dead point e towards c. It is on this account that
the curve 2 ¹, Figure 5 (Sheet 1), will be reversed in this case. No
special chaim is made to the arrangement of the grooved or slotted arm
or slideway 13 apart from its combination with the other portions of the
apparatus, as any other system of reversing gear may be employed in
substitution for that herein-before described.
The rod 20 is connected with the lever 21, which by means of the
transporter B, and the bell-crank or other lever 22 causes the valve to
open.
If the transporter does not escape, the positions 6 and 6 of the
reversing lever (Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 1), the expansion will only.
take place according to the choice of the dead pointe (Figure 4, Sheet 2)
of the point d, and the proportions of the eccentric rod, and it will
usually correspond with an admission of from 75 to 90 per cent.
The displacing motion is best taken from the eccentric 12 in a
direction perpendicular to a line which cuts the centre of the shaft
carrying the eccentric and the centre of the arm 13.
In the arrangement Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 2, a separate counter-
crank is employed for the displacing motion. This motion is transmitted

page_text: by the rod 5, and a bell-crank or other lever 6 directly to the trans-
porter B. The position of the lever 6 in most instances will not be
fixed, but it will be changed either by the reversing gear (rod 3) or by
the governor. This lever 6 may be constructed in the form of a shaft
as in the arrangement, Figures 1 and 2 (Sheet 2), with levers keyed or
otherwise attached at either end, and afterwards (if the motion of the
4-valves-is-effected-by-a-single-eccentric), the rod 8 for the first valve
may be attached at one end, and that for the second at the other end of
the shaft 6. A similar arrangement is adopted in the case of the shaft
17, the oscillations of one end effecting the opening of the front valve, 1
and that of the other end effecting the opening of the rear valve. The
shaft 17 may also be employed for opening the outlet valves either
directly, or by means of a cam mechanism, an example of which modi-
fication is shewn in Figures 3 and 4 (Sheet 3).
I shall now proceed to describe more fully the arrangements of the 1
distribution for horizontal stationary winding engines with reversible
action and with or without a governor, reference being had to Figures
1, 2, and 3 (Sheet 2), and Figure 8 (Sheet 1).
'
The arrangements for actuating the valves lastly herein-before.
described are specially adapted for this class of engine. It simply 2
remains to be stated that the excentric is replaced by a crank situate at
the extremity of the distribution shaft, making as many revolutions as
the engine. The displacing shaft 7 is carried by two levers 49 keyed
upon the shaft 48, and it will be raised and lowered according to the
degree of admission. In this special case (assuming the employment of
twin engines) the two shafts 48 are connected by rods 50, levers 51, and
a shaft 52. This shaft is controlled by the governor to the extent
allowed by the position of the reversing lever and the rod 3. The
_connection_of_3-with-53-is-therefore-rendered-adjustable, as-shewn-in¯¯
Figure 1 (Sheet-2), and full admission can thus be given when the
governor requires it, even in the extreme position of the reversing lever.
If also the connection between the governor and shaft are not quite
fixed or rigid but somewhat flexible, it will be possible at any moment
to remove the controlling influence of the governor when required, and
even to rapidly reverse the direction of action of the engine. This is an
important point in the working of winding engines, and this system thus
provides absolute security.

page_text: In Figure 8 (Sheet 1) there are illustrated the details of construction
of the transporter and the spring box of the engine herein-before
described.
The displacing rod 8 is placed at the side opposite the transporter B.
In consequence of the more advantageous arrangement of the safety
springs the lever 22 is secured to the tube 31 and to the air-tight
piston 33. The disc 46 serves as a receiver in order to prevent the arm
A from descending beyond a given distance. An india-rubber exhaust
valve 43 is provided, by the aid of which and of the adjusting screw 44
the compression of the air in the small cylinder can be regulated with
facility in such a manner that the piston shall not come in contact with
the disc 46, which will therefore be always maintained at a short
distance below what the lowest position the valve would require.
In the arrangement shewn in Figure 1 (Sheet 2) a spring is sub-
stituted for the receiver 46.
Figure 7 (Sheet 1) illustrates the application of the Invention to a
borizontal marine screw engine. In this case the rod 3 is displaced by
means of the grooved or slotted arm 13, and moves the bell-crank lever 4
into a more or less inclined position to one side or the other. The lever
4 receives an oscillating motion by means of the connecting parts 5, 6,
and 7, for as the lever arms or sectors are moved from the same side,
the motion towards one side is utilized for effecting the escapement of
the anterior lever arm. As one of the rods 8 is drawn or pulled out and
the other pressed or pushed. back at the moment of escaping, the con-
struction of the safety springs is different in the two. The outlet valves
are situate on the same level behind the inlet valves, and are worked in
a similar manner by the shaft 17. For very large engines valves with
4 seats are employed so as to receive or be worked by a short stroke.
Figure 1 (Sheet 3) illustrates the application of the Invention to.
vertical marine screw engine. One half only of the distributing appa-
ratus is shewn in this Figure, that is to say, one upper inlet valve, and
one under outlet valve; the upper outlet valve and the lower inlet valve
are arranged at the side, and worked in an exactly similar manner.
The various parts operate in a similar manner to the arrangements
described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3 (Sheet 2).
Figure 2, Sheet 3, shews an inclined or oblique marine engine which
corresponds in its arrangement with the engine illustrated in Figure 7,

page_text: Sheet 1. The displacement is effected by means of the eccentric 12,
and in an oblique direction for greater simplicity; inequalities result
therefrom in the admissions for the same positions for working in
opposite directions, so that the scales for the two admissions will be
different for the two directions of rotation; additional rods and bell-
crank levers 3″, 3, and 4º, are also required for transmitting the dis-
In applying the distributing apparatus without the reversing action,
there is employed in the case of horizontal engines a special eccentric
for each inlet valve and in common with the outlet valve, the rod of
which eccentric transmits its motion by means of a pin 9, Figure 4
(Sheet 3), to a rocking arm 54, the opening rod being directly connected
to the pin 9 in the manner herein-before described.
In Figure 3 (Sheet 3) the lever 21 is shewn provided with a flat
slide at its lower part, moved or actuated from the point 55 on the
eccentric by the rod S. The effect is the same as that of the lever arm
or sector, and safety springs are not required.
'In Figure 4 (Sheet 3) the slide is replaced by a lever arm actuated'
from a point 55 situate on an extension of the eccentric. As this point
55 describes a motion which relatively to the point 9 is applicable to the
displacement, the lever arm may be arranged with facility in the manner
indicated. When a governor is employed as will usually be the case,
the displacing rod 8 is not directly connected with the eccentric rod,
but to a small bell-crank lever connected with the eccentric rod by a
pin 55. The rocking arms or levers 54 may be advantageously placed
on the axis of the governor itself, whence the lever may be moved, the'
displacement-being-effected-by-means-of the--lever 56-and the small'
adinstable rod 57
The-outlet-valve-is-also-worked-from-the point 9-by means of a cam
and a small roller in such a manner as to obtain a rapid opening and 3
closing of this valve, and to admit of its being retained in its open
position for a sufficient length of time.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to 3
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to

page_text: me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the com-
binations, constructions, and details, substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, the Eighth day of
March, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.