Improvements in Apparatus for Dyeing, Scouring, and otherwise Treating Fibrous Materials, Yarns, and Fabrics.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 27th May, 1889-Accepted, 29th June, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Dyeing, Scouring, and otherwise
Treating Fibrous Materials, Yarns, and Fabrics.
I WILLIAM BROWN, of Ettrick Lodge, Selkirk, in the County of Solkirk, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows,
that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object the dyeing of fibrous materials, yarns, or
fabrics, in an improved manner, more particularly in cases in which the dyeing
operation has to be conducted at a boiling or high temperature, and in which it is
desirable to avoid an objectionable mechanical action on the fibres which is apt to be
produced by the violent ebullition and strong currents taking place in ordinary dyeing
apparatus. In the case of wool, violent ebullition and strong currents have a kind of
felting or fulling action which objectionably alters the appearance and condition of the
wool; and it is injurious action of this kind which my improved apparatus is designed
to avoid. My improved apparatus may however also be advantageously used for various
dyeing, scouring, and other analogous operations in which it is desirablo to avoid
agitating the goods.
In carrying out my Invention 1 employ a vessel or vat of a goblet-like or other
convenient form and which is provided with a steam jacket for the application of heat.
I place the goods within an inner vessel or shell of a forin similar to that of the main
vessel, and of a size to leave a space between it and the main vessel round the sides and
at the bottom. The inner shell is made with perforations at its bottom and round the
upper parts of its sides; and when dye stuffs are used from which the coloring
matter has to be extracted by the hot liquor these are by preference put below the
inner shell. When the goods are in place and the apparatus is filled to a suitable
height with water or dyeing or other liquid, the application of heat to the main vat
or vessel causes ascending currents between the vat and inner shell on all sides, and a
gentle flow takes place into the interior of the inner shell through the perforations at
the upper parts of its sides, the currents returning through the perforations at
the bottom of the inner shell into the space between the inner shell and the main
vessel. In this way the liquid circulates through the goods in the inner shell, but in
a gentle manner and without violent agitation; and the goods, however delicate they
may be, are acted on in a thorough, and uniform manner without injury.
Dated this Twenty-ninth day of August 1888.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Dyeing, Scouring, and otherwise
Treating Fibrous Materials, Yarns, and Fabrics.
I, WILLIAM BROWN, of Ettrick Lodge, Selkirk, in the County of Selkirk, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :—
My said Invention has for its object the dyeing of fibrous materials, yarns, or
fabrics, in an improved manner, more particularly in cases in which the dyeing
operation has to be conducted at a boiling or high temperature, and in which it is
desirable to avoid an objectionable mechanical action on the fibres which is apt to be
produced by the violent ebullition and strong currents taking place in ordinary dyeing
apparutus.

page_text: In the case of wool violent ebullition and strong currents have a kind of felting
or fulling action which objectionably alters the appearance and condition of the
wool; and it is injurious action of this kind which my improved apparatus is designed
to avoid. My improved apparatus may however also be advantageously used for various
dyeing, scouring, and other analogous operations which it is desirable to avoid
agitating the goods.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a vessel of the kind shown in vertical
section on an accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings. This vessel, A, is shown
as of a goblet-like form, but it may be of any other convenient form. It may he
heated by direct fire heat or by means of a steam jacket; it being shown as arranged
for direct fire heat, heing supported by means of a flange, B, round its edge, upon
brickwork, C, in which a flue space, D, is formed so as to allow the fire gases to act
on the bottom and sides of the vessel. The goods are placed within an inner vessel or
shell, E, of a form similar to that of the main vessel, A, and of a size to leave a
space, F, between it and the main vessel round the sides and at the bottom. The inner
vessel, E, is supported by a flange, G, formed on or fixed to its top edge, and which
resting on the flange, B, of the main vessel, A, closes the top of the space, F, between
the two vessels. The bottom part of the inner vessel, E. below the lower dotted
line, H, is perforated and the part between the upper dotted linc, J, and the
flange, G, is also perforated. The perforations in both parts are by preference
small, say nds inch holes spaced about 3ths inch apart, the dimensions of the
holes and the spacing may however be varied in different cases. When dye stuffs
are used from which the coloring mattor has to be extracted by the hot liquor, these are
by preference put below the inner shell, E.
When the goods are in place and the apparatus is filled to a suitable height with
water or dyeing or other liquid, the application of heat to the main vat or vessel, A,
causes ascending currents to pass up the space, F, between the vat, A, and inner
shell, E, on all sides, and a gentle flow takes place into the interior of the inner
vessel, E, through the perforations at the upper parts of its sides, the currents return-
ing through the perforations at the bottom of the inner vessel, E, into the space, F,
between the inner vessel and the main vessel, A.
In this way the liquid circulates through the goods in the inner vessel, E, but in a
gentle manner without violent agitation or unequal action; and the goods, however
delicate they may be, are acted on in a thorough and uniform manner without
injury.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
The improved apparatus for dyeing, scouring, or otherwise treating fibrous
materials, yarns, and fabrics and consisting of an externally heated outer vessel and
an inner vessel, with a space between them, the lower and upper parts of the inner
vessel being perforated the parts being arranged and operating substantially in the
manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
. Dated this Twenty-fourth day of May 1889.
EDMUND HUNT,
Per pro. D. Ferguson,
Applicant's Agent.