IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS AND MACHINERY FOR BENDING, BURNING, STAINING, AND ANNEALING GLASS, AND BURNING ART POTTERY. ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES BAD
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Thompson and William Henry Thompson, of
Queen Square, Leeds, in the County of York, Plumbers and Glaziers, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS AND MACHINERY FOR
BENDING, BURNING, STAINING, AND ANNEALING GLASS, AND BURNING ART
POTTERY. ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
THE BAD
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Thompson and
William Henry Thompson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 20th April 1881.
DAVID THOMPSON and WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON, of Queen Square, Leeds, in
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN
the County of York, Plumbers and Glaziers.
APPARATUS AND MACHINERY FOR BENDING, BURNING, STAINING, AND ANNEALING
GLASS, AND BURNING ART TILES OR POTTERY; ALSO APPLICABLE TO
PURPOSES.'
"
OTHER
The object of this Invention is to so improve the combined use or application
of "gas and air," that is, ordinary illuminating gas and the common atmosphere
combined, to the above purposes as to enable us to produce a more uniform, safe.
and certain result, with less labor, time, cost, and liability to damage than heretofore
and this without the employment of additional or mechanical force or pressure to
either the gas or the air, which has heretofore been considered necessary.
In carrying this Invention into effect we employ a specially constructed and
novel kiln or furnace, which will be understood from the following description :-
We first build or otherwise construct the furnace portion of the kiln and
apparatus, which is so simplified as to dispense with the heretofore necessary
internal walls and fittings, retaining only the rails and travelling carriage; and,
in lieu of the before-named omitted or dispensed with internal parts, we construct
a number of flues in such a manner as to enable us to govern or regulate the size
and intensity of the flames, and thereby to control the heat locally in any part of
the kiln.

page_text: By preference we arrange these flues to communicate with the kiln at equal
distances along its crown or longitudinal centre line (in plan), and whatever their
number may be, according to the size or length of the kiln, they have each a
separate, distinct, and controlable connection with the final or main chamber, into
which all the gases are collected which is at or near the bottom of the main
"take-up" or chimney; and to prevent down-draught, undue up-draught, or any
detrimental effects from gusty or stormy winds, we construct in this take-up or
chimney a number of openings at equal distances from from or above each other,
and in two opposite sides of the same; and into these openings we insert metal or
other louvres " at an angle of about forty-five degrees from the perpendicular, and
reaching about two-thirds of the space or distance across the said chimney.
"2
We next insert into the sides of the kiln or furnace, through holes or perforations
previously provided, a number of metal tubes, about three quarters of an inch
diameter, and these we fix firmly and substantially, and so as not to allow any
passage of air externally. The outside ends of these tubes are "screwed before
being fixed for the reception of the gas fittings and regulating cocks, one to each
tube, their number being ruled or regulated by the size or length of the kiln; and
the extent or intensity of the heat required. The gas supply pipes on each side of
the kiln may be placed as is most convenient, but it is desirable that the supply
be as direct and free from the obstruction of angles or bends as possible.
It may be well to explain that the admixture of gas and air takes place a short
distance from the ends of the before-named tubes, and immediately before entering
them; the strength of the inward current of draught with the pressure of the gas
being amply sufficient to insure both admixture and supply, and steadily maintained
flames and temperature.
The doors of the kiln are fitted to be as air-tight as possible, and are also pro-
vided with covered peep-holes at convenient places for examining the condition of
the flames and kiln, and the progress of the glass or other material under
treatment.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said David Thompson and William Henry Thompson in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 20th October 1881.
DAVID THOMPSON and WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON, of Queen Square, Leeds,
in the County of York, Plumbers and Glaziers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN
APPARATUS AND MACHINERY FOR BENDING, BURNING, STAINING, AND ANNEALING
GLASS, AND BURNING ART TILES OR POTTERY; ALSO APPLICABLE TO
PURPOSES."
OTHER
The object of this Invention is to so improve the combined use or application
of "gas and air," that is, ordinary illuminating gas and the common atmosphere
combined, to the above purposes, as to enable us to produce a more uniform, safe,
and certain result with less labor, time, cost, and liability to damage than heretofore,
and this without the employment of additional or mechanical force or pressure to
either the gas or the air which has heretofore been considered necessary. In
carrying this Invention into effect we employ a specially constructed and novel
kiln or furnace, which will be understood from the following description
:―
We first build or otherwise construct the shell or furnace portion of the kiln and
apparatus, which is so simplified as to dispense with the heretofore necessary
internal walls and fittings, retaining only the rails and travelling carriage, and in
lieu of the before-named omitted or dispensed with internal parts we construct a
number of flues in such a manner as to enable us to govern or regulate the size
and intensity of the flames, and thereby to control the heat locally in any part of
the kiln. By preference we arrange these flues to communicate with the kiln at
equal distances along its crown or longitudinal centre line (in plan), and, whatever
their number may be, according to the size or length of the kiln, they have each a
separate, distinct, and controllable connection with the final or main chamber, into
which all the gases are collected, which is at or near the bottom of the main" take
up or chimney; and to prevent down-draught, undue up-draught, or any
detrimental effects from gusty or stormy winds we construct in this "take-up" or
chimney a number of openings at equal distances from or above each other, and
in two opposite sides of the same, and into these openings we insert metal or other
"louvres
at an angle of about forty-five degrees from the perpendicular, and
reaching about two-thirds of the space or distance across the said chimney.
"
We next insert into the sides of the kiln or furnace, through holes or perforations
previously provided, a number of metal tubes, about three quarters of an inch
diameter, and these we fix firmly and substantially and so as not to allow any
passage of air externally.
"
"
The outside ends of these tubes are screwed before being fixed for the
reception of the gas fittings and regulating cocks, one to each tube, their number
being ruled or regulated by the size or length of the kiln and the extent or intensity
of the heat required.
The gas supply pipes on each side of the kiln may be placed as is most con-
venient, but it is desirable that the supply be as direct and free from the obstruction
of angles or bends as possible.
'
It may be well to explain that the admixture of gas and air takes place a short
distance from the ends of the before-named tubes, and immediately before entering
them, the strength of the inward current or draught with the normal pressure of
the gas being amply sufficient to insure both admixture and supply and steadily
maintained flames and temperature. The doors of the kiln are fitted to be as air-
tight as possible, and are also provided with covered peep-holes at "convenient
places for examining the condition of the flames and kiln, and the progress of the

page_text: glass or other material under treatment. In the accompanying illustrations
Figure 1 is a front elevation of our kiln, partly in section; Figure 2, plan of ditto ;
Figure 3, longitudinal sectional elevation without carriage, showing the compound
regulating flues and dampers; and Figure 4, an enlarged plan of one of the gas
cocks and "burner arrangements" for the admixture of the gas and air outside the
kiln. In all the above, a is the furnace or kiln; b, the compound or multiple
flues; c, the dampers in the same for controlling the draught and heat, as explained;
d, the openings and louvres in the chimney for preventing down-draught;
e, the metal tubes for conveying the gas and air combined into the kiln; f, the
gas fittings and regulating cocks; 9, the longitudinal gas supply pipes; h, the
doors of the kiln; i, the carriage; and, the rails. for the same.
ور
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not confine or restrict ourselves to
the precise details or arrangements which we have described or referred to, as
many modifications and variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of the said Invention, but what we consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,--
First. The application and use of illuminating coal or other gas and atmospheric
air, combined before entering the kiln or furnace, and without the use of additional
or mechanically supplied pressure to either the gas or the air, for bending, burning,
staining, and annealing glass, and burning art tiles or pottery; and
Second. The general arrangement and construction of kiln and apparatus
together respectively forming our new or improved kiln or furnace, with its
compound regulating flues, dampers, and down-draught preventing arrangement,
in combination with the gas pipes, cocks, burners and necessary accessories, for
the purposes and substantially as or after the manner of the foregoing description
and accompanying illustrations.
In witness whereof, we, the said David Thompson and William Henry
Thompson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty-
one.
Witness,
WILLIAM JOSEPH BOOER,
26, Delph Mount,
Leeds.
DAVID THOMPSON.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON. (L.S.)