IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS.
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Pawson, of Westgate, Grantham, in the
County of Lincoln, Plumber, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN
WATERCLOSETS.".
Sealed the 28th May 1872, and dated the 21st December 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Pawson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st December 1871.
I, WILLIAM PAWSON, of Westgate, Grantham, in the County of
Lincoln, Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows:-

page_text: The outlet of the closet is fitted with a valve which can be lifted from
its seating when the passage to the drain is opened, the valve working in
a casing in direct communication with the container through a trap of
bent or other form. The valve rod is in connection with the water supply
pipe, and the lifting of it allows the water as it rushes in to force the soil
through the bend or trap and away to the drain, the valve is then
hermetically closed upon its seating by lowering the piston rod, and
thus prevents the up or back draught of effluvia.
filed by the said William Pawson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st June 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
PAWSON, of Westgate, Grantham, in the County of Lincoln, Plumber,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in
the thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said William Pawson, Her
special licence that I, the said William Pawson, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Pawson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Pawson, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said

page_text: The valve in the cistern is of special construction, as seen more
particularly in Figure 3, it consisting of a pipe t with a cap or disc u, on
the under side of which I provide three or more wings or feathers which
act as guides to return the pipe and the valve v preferably of rubber on
to its seat w when the handle n is pushed down to return the valve f
within the case d to its seat. In the case of a constant service supply
the ball x is held up with the valve ʊ while the overflow takes place, and
on that being completed and the valves returned to their seats, the ball
would fall and open the re-supply to the cistern A. The pipe t is continued
upwards by a connection which is weighted, this weight y being heavy
enough to ensure the positive sealing of the valve, which is here shown as
a ring to be sécured into the bottom of the cistern, and without the usual
cross bars, so that a clear opening is made into the pipe j, which enables
small floating bodies to pass without blocking the valve aperture, and im-
pairing the efficiency of the valve, as is the case where cross bars are
used; another advantage is that the flow of water is more direct and
unbroken in its passage, so that the full effect of the head of water is
more positive than in any existing arrangement.
The closet shown in Figures 1 and 2 can be made of earthenware, or
a combination of earthenware and other materials, and is suitable
specially for private houses, but for large establishments, railway stations,
and other places, the closet shown at Figure 4 is more suitable, the bend
in this case being dispensed with so that hard, solid, or other bodies
which will pass the neck c, will pass through the valve to the drain
without choking it, their being a direct sloping passage from the pan a
to the valve box d. This closet can have the water supply arrangement
before described if desired attached.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,—
Firstly. The construction of waterclosets in the manner shown and
described.

page_text: from and forming part of the outlet of the closet, such valve being used
for hermetically closing or sealing the same against the back rush of
effluvia, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Pawson, hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
5
Witness,
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street,
London.
W. PAWSON. (L.S.)