Improvements in Kneading and Mixing Machines.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Jan., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 25th Nov.. 1896-Accepted, 24th Apr., 1397
PROVISIONAL SPE
Improvements in Kneading and Mixing Machines.
I, PAUL PFLEIDERER of Throssel House West Norwood London S.E.
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
This invention is an application of the fundamental idea on which my Patent
No. 4166 of 26th February 1895 is based to systems forming the subject matter of
Patents (1) No. 1509 A.D. 1858 5th July (2) No. 7641 A.D. 1892 22nd April
(3) No. 18959 A.D. 1892 22nd October and it consists in making the arms or
beaters bb and d d of the first patent, those 5 and 51 of the second and those F' of
the third patent, of unsymetrical or unequal shape i.e. of unequal axial length so
as to remove or reduce the chances of a more or less dead core or centre being
formed in the middle of the axes of the 'troughs or receivers. I counteract the
tendency of heaping up the material at one end "by reversing the direction of
rotation or by giving unequal pitch or inclination to the opposite arins or blades
on every axis. I do not bind myself to the particular shape or form of
Hodgkinson blades or beaters or to the imitations shown in Patents No. 7641
and 18959 of 1892 but apply my invention 'to my own and all the many shapes
and forms employed after Hodgkinson's and my own patents were published 'in
which two or more blades are described as revolving independently from each
other in troughs of one or more horizontal axes in opposite directions at the same
or at different speeds. This class of mixing machines with more than one blade
in which the revolving blades are nevertheless independent from each other and
may therefore be worked with any relative velocity in an empty trough, while
they became united and to a certain extent dependent on each other only through
the medium of the dough or mass itself which they operate upon, might be called
differential speed mixers or mixers with blades of independent orbits. My present
invention is confined to this class of mixing and kneading machines which also
includes Thomsons Saccos and all other systems with one revolving axis and two
or more concentric beaters arranged or shaped symetrically relative to a vertical.
plane halving the length of the axis inside the trough and describing paths which
never intersect each other, and it consists as indicated above in disturbing the
symetry and arranging and working symetrical or congruent blades out of 'line or
symetry or shaping them unsymetrically, substantially, as described in my Patent
No. 4166 of 26th February 1895 either by applying scrapers of different axial
length or axially oscillating the blades in an axially longer trough in both cases
the blades may themselves be of the old symetrical or of the new symetrical
shape.
1000
GEO.
DOWNING,
8 Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.

page_text: Improvements in Kneading and Mixing Machines.
I, PAUL PFLEIDERER, of Throssel House, West Norwood, London S.E.,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention is an application of the fundamental idea on which my Patent
No. 4166 of 26 February 1895 is based, relative to systems forming the subject
matter of Patents No. 1509 A.D. 1858, 5th July; No. 7641, A.D. 1892,
22nd April, No. 18959 A.D. 1892 22nd October, and others to which it may be
suitable; and it consists in improved methods of constructing and working the
arms or beaters described in 150958 marked b, b, and d, d; also in 7641"
marked 5, 5, and 51, 51; and in 189599 marked F in Fig. 2, by forming the same
of unsymmetrical or unequal shape i.e. of unequal axial length, so, as to remove or
reduce the chances of a more or less dead centre or core being formed in the
middle of the axes of the troughs or containers. I counteract the tendency of
heaping up the material at one end, by reversing the direction of rotation, or by
giving unequal pitch or inclination to the opposite arms or blades. I do not
confine myself to the particular shape or form of Hodgkinson blades or beaters
or to those shewn in Patents Nos. 7641 and 18959 of 1892, but apply my invention
to my own, and all the various shapes and forms employed after Hodgkinson's aud
my own patents were published, in which two or more blades are described as
revolving independently in troughs on one or more horizontal axis or axes in
opposite directions at the same or at different speeds. The class of mixing machines
with more than one blade is characterised by these blades revolving independently
of each other, and therefore capable of being worked at any relative velocity;
nevertheless the actions of the blades become to a certain extent blended, and
depend on each other, through the medium of the dough or mass itself, upon which
they operate. They might be classified as "differential speel" mixers, or as
mixers "with blades of independent or non-intersecting orbits." My present
invention relates to this class of mixing and kneading machines, and includes also
machine described in Sacco's Patent No. 12,559, and all other systems with one
axis of revolution and two or more concentric beaters, arranged or shaped
symmetrically, relatively to a vertical plane halving the length of the axis inside
the trough and describing paths which never intersect each other, and it consists as
indicated above in disturbing the symmetry, and arranging and working symmetrical
or incongruent blades, out of line or symmetry, or shaping them unsymmetrically,
substantially as described in my Patent No. 4166 of 26 February 1895, either by
applying scrapers of different axial lengths or causing the blades to traverse and
retraverse, and thus sweep the whole length of the trough. In both cases the
blades may themselves be of the old symmetrical or of the new unsymmetrical
shape.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and
ascertained, reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 illustrates the application of my improvements to the apparatus described
in Hodgkinson's Specification No. 150958, and shown in Fig. 2 of the same
specification.
Fig. 2 illustrates the application of my improvements to the apparatus described
in Baker's Specification No. 7641, and shown in Fig. 3 of the same specification.
Fig. 3 illustrates the application of my improvements to the apparatus described
in Baker's Specification No. 18,959, and shown in Fig. 2 of the same
specification.

page_text: Referring to Fig. 1, a, a, are the side standards or framing of the machine;.
b, b, are one set of the beaters or arms mounted upon the short shaft or stud c;
and d, d, and n, n, are four other arms or beaters mounted upon the short shaft or
stud e, so as to rotate together; the blades n, n, acting as scrapers. But in some
cases I mount the blades d, d, at the end of the stud e, and the blades or
scrapers n, n, upon a sleeve, and rotate all the blades at different speeds by
differential gearing, (that is to say) the blades b, b, at one speed, the blades d, d, at
another speed, and the blades or scrapers n, n, at a speed differing from the speeds
of revolution of both b, b, and d, d. All three pairs of blades may be driven in-
similar directions, or one pair in one direction and two pairs in an opposite direction,
or otherwise.
Referring to Fig. 2, the lengths of the arms are varied
Fig. 3 of 7641, the arm a being shortened, and the arm
arm c is lengthened and the arm d shortened.
from those shown in
lengthened, while the
Referring to Fig. 3, the lengths of the arms are varied from those shown in
Fig. 2 of 18,959, the pair of arms b, b, being of equal lengths, and the pair of
arms d, d, being also equalised in length. To these are added the pair of arms,.
blades, or scrapers n, n.
The arms and blades shown in Figs. 2 and 3 are driven at various speeds, and in
various directions, as described in relation to Fig. 1.
By these arrangements the effective action of the blades upon the material is
improved, the blades and scrapers being caused to revolve in independent orbits,
whereby the material to be mixed and amalgamated, is driven in a number of
corresponding and contrary directions, and vortex motions occur in connection with.
the revolving blades, resulting in a more perfect mixing than would be effected by
the arrangements shown and described in the above recited specifications.
It is obvious that the driving gear shown in the drawings may be varied to suit.
the speeds and direction of rotation of the shafts and sleeves, such methods of
driving being well known, and not requiring detailed description.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The combination with, and the use in the troughs or containers of certain mixing
machines, of new blades or beaters of different axial lengths, or of old blades of
equal lengths, but combined with scrapers, or provided with axial traversing
movements, substantially as described.
Dated 25th November 1896
GEO.
DOWNING,
8 Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent..