matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY LOCKS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd July 1861.-A communication from abroad by François Julien
Toulze, of Paris (France).
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, and tem-
porarily of Furnival's Inn, in the City of London, E.C., do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY LOCKS," to
be as follows:-
These improvements consist, firstly, in the application to locks of different
descriptions of a spiral spring, fixed to the external plate by means of a
metallic scutcheon, and giving movement to a spindle, on which fits the barrel
of the key.
Secondly, in the application to such locks of an independent ward, similar
to those of the key, set at the lower extremity of the spindle, which is either
squared off or provided with one or several stops corresponding with an
equal number of slots formed at the open end of the barrel of the key.
The size, form, and distribution of these stops (by means of which the
independent ward is forced to follow the movement of the key) may be varied
at will. They may, for instance, be fitted to the interior of the key barrel,
instead of to the exterior of the spindle; the form of which is, modified
accordingly, and may, in short, be arranged in any position which the general
mechanism of the lock may require, so long as they are kept within range of
the action of the key.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHAVING BRUSHES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Patey and James Richard-
son at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 5th September 1861.
We, WILLIAM PATEY, junior, of Lombard Street, in the City of London,
Perfumer, & JAMES RICHARDSON, of Brewer Street, Clerkenwell, in the County
of Middlesex, Brush Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHAVING BRUSHES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates principally to improvements in the manufacture of
shaving brushes.
We form different classes of shaving brushes, having the handles or rigid parts
of glass, either blown, moulded, or otherwise fashioned by ordinary or suitable
methods of working that material as follows:-As a simple & inexpensive
brush we take a piece of glass tube, & contract it a little at or near the end;
we insert the bristles or hair at the larger end, & draw them through into
proper position, when we cement them by means of any suitable cement intro-
duced from the larger end of the tube, or it may be at both ends. The con-
traction at the hair end of the tube may be a gradual taper or a sudden
contraction, forming, if desired, an ornamental moulding thereon or otherwise.
Instead of a parallel tube contracted as described, the handle may be more or
less tapered throughout its length or of other suitable form more or less
ornamental, provided it be contracted at or near where the hair emerges, that
is to say, of an enlarged form within to facilitate the fixing of the hair r

page_text: bristles. In the cheaper kinds of brushes this handle may be left open at the
top, but a plug may be cemented or fitted therein if desired, to render the
brush more perfect. In better classes of brushes we place the hair or bristles
in a socket or ferrule piece, in which they are cemented or fixed, it being
suitably constructed for fixing & holding the hair, for example, enlarged
internally. This ferrule piece we fix, by cement or otherwise, into a handle
formed of glass, which may be more or less ornamental.
Another arrangement of shaving brushes we make is what is usually termed
the turn-back brush. In this case we make the ferrulo piece containing the
hair as before, but instead of fixing it in the handle we simply fit it into a
contracted part at one end, from which it may be removed at pleasure. The
other & enlarged end of the handle is open to receive the ferrule piece &
hair, which are inserted therent entirely within the handle. A cover, plug, or
stopper may be fitted into or on this end, which will close & complete the
handle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PENDENT LAMPS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cook at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th November
· 1861.
I, JOHN COOK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Brass-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PENDENT LAMPS," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention relates to the class of pendent lamps in which three, four,
or more burners project outwards "star fashion," or in different radial directions
from the lower part of the pendent pipe in the case of gas, lamps, or of the
central oil vessel in the case of oil lamps, and consists in arranging within the
burners, and so as to overhang them a series of three, four, or more segmental
reflectors. These reflectors are shaped so as to present in both horizontal
and vertical section curved lines, which are hollow and concave, outwards and
downwards towards the burners. The reflectors are made to overhang in
order to reflect the light chiefly in a downward direction to render the
lamps suitable for overhead or elevated positions in shops, railway stations,
and similar situations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR GLOVES, BELTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Alexandre Janvier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
August 1861.
I, VICTOR ALEXANDRE JANVIER, of Wilton Square, New North Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Die Sinker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR GLOVES, BELTS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
I form a fastening so contrived that the parts of the glove which it
immediately connects may be brought nearer to or farther from each other at
pleasure. For this purpose I employ a rack and cause a piece to travel
thereon or work therein to open or close the fastening to the required extent,
preferring to connect the portions of the fastening to the glove by forming
them with bent parts which hook into holes in the opposite sides of the
opening of the glove, whereby the fastening may be easily connected and
detached. In the arrangement preferred I form one portion of the fastening
with a rack and the other portion with a tongue or spring, one portion sliding
in the other, and each portion having a curved part to hook into the glove.
The tongue or spring is caused to engage in the rack when forced down by a
stem, tail, or piece attached to a knob, button, or like contrivance, plain or
ornamented, by raising which the tongue or spring is released from the rack
and the fastening can be opened. I sometimes use a gem or jewel for the
upper or outer part of the fastening. My fastening may also be applied to
belts, stays, and other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICKS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Simpson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March.
1861.
I, THOMAS SIMPSON, of Darfield Fire Clay Works, in the County of York, do-
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICKS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to arrange apparatus that after a brick
has been moulded in the ordinary manner mechanical pressure may be applied
thereto before removing it from the mould, thus forming a brick mould and
press in combination. In the manufacture of pressed bricks it has been
usual first to mould them by hand or otherwise, and then to subject them to-
pressure in a separate machine suitably constructed for the purpose. Now
according to my Invention the ordinary brick mould is so constructed that
after the clay has been moulded therein, and the upper surface made even,
a suitably formed lever moving on a fulcrum attached to the mould, or to
the frame by which it is supported, is brought down, so as compress the brick
in the mould, after which the lever is raised out of the way, and the brick.
thus moulded and pressed is raised vertically out of the mould by means.
of a lever or treadle also carried by the frame or stand, one end of the
lever being connected to a pallet at the bottom of the mould. The
arrangement of the parts may be varied, and in place of a lever the
may be caused by a screw, or by other mechanical means, and the direction
pressure

page_text: of the pressure may be upwards against a lid or cover fixed over the moulded
clay or from the sides if desired, but I prefer the arrangement first described
as the most convenient for carrying out my Invention. The apparatus may be
worked by hand, steam, or other power.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FIXING THE WINDOWS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES AT ANY REQUIRED HEIGHT
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Arrowsmith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1861.
I, JOHN ARROWSMITH, of Bilston, in the County of Stafford, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FIXING THE WINDOWS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER
CARRIAGES AT ANY REQUIRED HEIGHT," to be as follows:-
On the side of the carriage window frame I fix a strip of brass or iron in
which a series of holes are made, the said series of holes extending from
nearly the top to the bottom of the said frame at about two inches apart.
In the part of the door in which the window slides is a small lever, the
upper end of which is pressed by a spring against the strip of brass or iron
on the window frame. A thumb plate connected with the said lever enables
the occupant of the carriage to raise the end of the lever from the said
plate. In order to fix the window at the required height the thumb plate
is pressed and the window raised to the required position. By now liberating
the thumb plate the end of the lever is pressed into one of the holes in
the brass or iron plate on the window frame, and the window is thereby
fixed. By pressing the thumb plate the window may be allowed to fall,
but the sudden fall of the window is in this case prevented by the lower
end of the lever pressing against the brass or iron plate in the window
frame, the same action of the thumb plate which liberates the upper end

page_text: of the lever causing the lower end to press upon the plate. One of the
said plates with holes may be fixed on either side of the carriage window
frame and a lever provided to engage in each of the said plates. The said
levers may be worked from one thumb plate fixed on an axis connecting the
said levers.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LAMPS AND UTENSILS THEREOF
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pacifico Tagliacozzo at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th November
1861.
I, PACIFICO TAGLIACOZZO, of 41, Saint-Mary-at-Hill, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LAMPS AND UTENSILS THEREOF," to be as follows:-
1st, the dome or cone apparatus of the burner, either with or without the
chimney gage and globe supporter attached to it, will be to open and shut by
an hinge or similar plyer instead of removing it.
2ly, the fastening and unfastening of the same apparatus by catch, latch,
spring, screw, or similar fastenings.
3d, the rach and pinion to raise & lower the wick will consist of a sharp-
edged broad wheel instead of the usual pointed or toothed wheel or wheels.
4th, the utensil for trimming the wick will be similar to a pair of small
tongs, the nipping edges of which, furnished with india-rubber, cloth, or
similar material representing more or less the action of the fingers.
By these improvements great facility, simplicity, cleanliness, and safety will
be secured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BELLS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July
1861.
I, THOMAS SMITH, of No. 4, Bolton Place, Upper Church Street, Fulham
Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BELLS," to be as follows:-
Instead of, as heretofore, constructing bells of bronze, steel, or any other
metal, I construct them of glass, by first casting them in a mould in a similar
manner to metal bells, and then annealing them so as to prevent them from
cracking through sudden changes of temperature; or when the bells are of
small dimensions, I sometimes form them by the operation of blowing or by
pressing them in a mould from sheet glass. When heated so as to become
plastic, such bells I have found to give a much purer tone than bells made of
metal, and they may be made of any suitable shape or size, and may be
employed as clock, turret, or house bells, or for any other purpose for which
bells are used. They may be hung and stuck in the ordinary way, but if the
hammer or tongue for striking such bells is of iron or any other hard sub-
stance, I prefer to plug it, where it comes in contact with the bell, with soft
metal, or any other suitable substance, or I cover it with leather or any other
suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRAVATS AND THEIR MODE OF ATTACHMENT
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lazare Aron at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th October
1861.
I, LAZARE ARON, Merchant, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris, (Empire of
France), and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the nature
of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRAVATS AND THEIR MODE OF
ATTACHMENT," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the employment of a ring or slipping noose,
having one or several fixed or jointed small bars through which pass the two
ends of the cravat, the small bars forming the point of support; by this means
the rumpling of the stuff is prevented, at the same time keeping the cravat
tight at the proper place; this ring or noose can also serve as an ornament and
even be furnished with a pin, the whole being made of metal, jewellery, stones,
ivory, mother-of-pearl, or other material. I can also use ends of a cravat
imitating a knot, rosette, or other ornament, and retain only the body of the
cravat, which it is easy to tighten by means of the ring or noose. It some-
times happens that the shirt is not dirty, but the front has become stained or
rumpled, in this case I apply to the cravat, by means of buttons, hooks and
eyes, or other mode of fastening, pieces of stuff arranged in such a manner as
to produce the effect of a long cravat which only shows small portions of the
front of the shirt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE FOUNTAINS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bartholomew and William
Bissett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 25th April 1861.
We, GEORGE BARTHOLOMEW and WILLIAM BISSETT, both of Hoxton Square,
Middlesex, Tin Plate and Zinc Workers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE FOUNTAINS," to be as
follows:-
To
This Invention relates more particularly to the mode of working the pump
or pumps of portable fountains, and consists in making a double crank on the
driving shaft, which gives reciprocating motion to a connecting rod.
this connecting rod is jointed another rod, forming a continuation of the same,
which serves as the piston rod of the pump. The pump may be of the
ordinary or any description suitable to the purpose. Motion may be given to
the driving shaft by any suitable motive power, and when required to be orna-
mental, a squirrel in an ordinary squirrel wheel can drive it, either a single.
one, or one at each side.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER & OTHER FLUIDS, WHICH SAME APPARA- TUS MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED AS A PRIME MOVER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Moore at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th May
1861.
I, THOMAS MOORE, Engineer, of 99, Southwark Bridge Road, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER & OTHER FLUIDS, WHICH SAME APPARA-
TUS MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED AS A PRIME MOVER," to be as follows, & consists in
a series or number of blades or plates, varying according to the size of the
apparatus, & are either flat or curved, attached to a revolving shaft in an
oblique manner, best suited to the capacity of the apparatus (which is also
determined by its capacity). This shaft & blades revolves in a cylinder or
barrel placed either horizontal or other position best adapted to the require-
ments. This cylinder or barrel may also be attached to the blades or buckets
within a case & rotate with the axis.
The advantages arising from the above are reduced size & consequent
economy of space, a greater quantity of fluid raised in a given time than by
ordinary pumps or other methods now in use, & with a less expenditure of
power.
THE USE OF JOINERS, CABINET MAKERS, AND OTHERS, CALLED A BENCH HOOK
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Coulter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th January
1861.
I, WILLIAM COULTER, 148, Everton Road, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, Man-
chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE USE
OF JOINERS, CABINET MAKERS, AND OTHERS, CALLED A BENCH HOOK," to be as
follows:-
That the hook is placed in a box of iron or any other metal through
which a screw is fixed, the said screw to be turned by means of a screw-driver
or other instrument at the top, and by its revolution will raise or lower the
hook, as may be required, and can be screwed down level with the top of the
bench when out of use, so that the bench may be used for any other purpose.
It will supersede the use of the wedge hitherto used, which required to be
knocked up and down with a hammer, and which is considered to be clumsy
and inconvenient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- PACTURE OF SODA, CARBONATE OF SODA, AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Pierre Gillard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1861.
I, JOSEPH PIERRE GILLARD, of Paris, France, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
PACTURE OF SODA, CARBONATE OF SODA, AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
These improvements in the manufacture of soda, carbonate of soda, and
hydrochloric acid, consist in submitting common sea or rock salt (chloride
of sodium), in a suitable retort, to a high temperature and projecting at
the same time on the salt in the retort jets or streams of superheated steam,
hydrogen gas, carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide gas, or suitable combinations of
either two or more of the said gaseous fluids, by which means the decom-
position of the salt will take place and hydrochloric acid be evolved, which
may be drawn off from a proper condenser connected with the decomposing
retort, whilst, according to circumstances, either soda or a carbonate of soda
will be left behind in the retort. For superheating the steam or the other
above-mentioned gaseous fluids I cause them to pass through tubes formed of
a suitable alloy of platinum and iridium, which tubes are inserted in a proper
superheating furnace, one or more layers of wire cloth made of the same
iridized platinum being situated in the interior of the said tubes, through the
mashes of which wire cloths the fluids to be superheated are obliged to pass
before reaching the decomposing retort.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marcelin François Cavalerio at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1861.
I, MARCELIN FRANÇOIS CAVALERIE, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in
the Empire of France, Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY CENTRIFUGAL
FORCE," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improved apparatus for developing & utilizing the
motive power derived from centrifugal force. This apparatus consists of a
balance lever supported on any suitable frame; this lever is formed of twin
plates, united at the centre by a hollow cylinder, in which is placed the rotating
axis of the balance lever. At the two extremities of the lever between the
twin plates are pivotted small shafts, carrying at their centre a lever bent
at right angles, the extremity of which is weighted in proportion to the amount
of motive power to be developed; one extremity of each of these small shafts
is terminated by a crank, as also the axis of rotation of the balance lever, &
these three cranks are attached to a common connecting rod, so as to render
their motion dependant one on the other. The crank on the axis of the balance
lever carries a second connecting rod, which is connected to a crank on the
shaft of a fly wheel, which crank is governed by another rod connecting the one
end of the balanco lever by imparting motion to the fly wheel; 1st, one of the
connecting rods will impart a movement of rotation to the cranks of the

page_text: balance lever and to the weights attached to the ends of said lever; 2ndly,
the second connecting rod, on the other hand, will impart an alternating move-
ment of rotation to the balance lever, which combined action produces the
motive power desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GIVING LUSTRE TO WRITTEN AND PRINTED LETTERS, FIGURES, AND DEVICES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Knight at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd September
1861.
I, GEORGE KNIGHT, of Foster Lane, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GIVING LUSTRE TO
WRITTEN AND PRINTED LETTERS, FIGURES, AND DEVICES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in giving lustre to written
and printed letters, figures, and devices. For these purposes such letters,
figures, and devices, or such parts of them as are intended to be rendered
lustrous according to my Invention are to be written or printed with adhesive
compounds, paints, or inks, or have such substances applied to them, after
being written or printed, in order that pulverized lead ore (native sulphuret
of lead or galena) may be dusted thereon, or be otherwise applied thereto, so
that when dry the compounds, paints, or inks used may securely hold the
pulverized lead ore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER FURNACES AND IN SETTING CERTAIN KINDS OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Tonks and Job Brookes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
29th November 1861.
We, SAMUEL TONKS, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Builder,
and JOB BROOKES, of West Bromwich, aforesaid, Smith, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER FURNACES AND
IN SETTING CERTAIN KINDS OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in building steam-boiler furnaces with the fire-bars
or fire-place in front of or on the side of the boiler, so that the fire of the
furnace does not strike directly on the bottom of the boiler. Beyond the bars
or fire-place is a wall or bridge rising a short distance above the level of the
said bars or fire-place, and still further protecting the boiler from the action of
the fire. The furnace is covered in over the fire-place with an arched top.
In setting, according to our Invention, such steam boilers as have large internal
flues we build in the front ends of the said flues a lining of fire brick, so as to
defend the said flues from the injurious action of the fire. Our Invention
preserves steam boilers from the rapid injury which they suffer when set in
the ordinary manner and in furnaces of the ordinary construction. The fuel
is also burned very economically in furnaces constructed according to our
Invention.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH CORNISH AND OTHER SIMILAR BOILERS FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONSUMING THE SMOKE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jobson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April 1861.
I, JOHN JOBSON, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Ironfounder, do herebý
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH CORNISH AND OTHER SIMILAR BOILERS
FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONSUMING THE SMOKE," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists of certain apparatus by which the fire in Cornish
and other similar boilers is fed from underneath, thus causing the smoke from
the fresh charges to pass through the bright fire on top. To effect this, I
employ a second set of fire-bars extending beyond the bridge, and attached to
the front set of bars. These front bars are made in two parts longitudinally,
each part being capable of lowering at one side from the centre towards the
periphery of the furnace, or in the reverse direction, describing an arc from
the point at which the bars meet horizontally to that at which they would
rest when charging the fire, two chambers are formed in the furnace, thus
(a, a,) [see Drawing], these receive the fresh charge of fuel when the fire
requires it.
In charging, the whole apparatus is drawn forward from the furnace door
by means of a rack and pinion worked by a winch. The charging chamber
being mounted upon A-wheels running upon a A-rail secured to the bottom of
the furnace. The old fire is received and kept up by the supplemental bars
at the end of the front set, whilst fresh fuel is being supplied. The front bars
are then turned down right and left by means of a spur wheel and pinion, and

page_text: the fuel fed in upon the bars, the apparatus is returned into the furnace, the
supplemental bars return to their position beyond the bridge, and the bright
fire is received upon the fresh charge. As this is being consumed, the stoker
by means of the spur wheels and pinions occasionally raises the front bars
towards the horizontal position until a fresh charge is required. The smoke
from the fresh fuel is thus caused to pass through a bright fire, and the
operation of stoking much less frequently required.
I do not confine myself to the exact mechanical appliances herein named,
for working the apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BAROMETERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Browning at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th October
1861.
I, JOHN BROWNING, of the Minories, Optician, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAROMETERS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to those barometers in which hands or needles are
used to indicate the state of the atmosphere, and consists in adding two
loose hands or indicators which will yield without offering appreciable resist-
ance to the barometer needle, and be pushed thereby, and remain stationary
(until reset) at the points where so pushed, and thus register the extremes of
the barometer needle in both directions since the setting of the instrument.
AN IMPROVED TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Smith and Sydney Arthur
Chease at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 19th March 1861.
We, JAMES SMITH, of Seaforth, near Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, Gentleman, and SYDNEY ARTHUR CHEASE, of Liverpool, aforesaid,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS," to be as follows (that is to say):
This Invention consists of two or more beams, the fulcrums of which rest
on friction wheels or other convenient bearings set on the upper ends of
vertical standards, or on other convenient supports. A moveable slide is
attached on one side of each beam, to which a weight is fixed. A thumb
screw passes through each slide, by means of which the weight may be moved
backwards and forwards on the beam in order to produce a perfect balance
with a connecting rod and piston attached to the other side of the beam. The
pistons are fitted into glass or metal cylinders united to each other by means
of tubes filled with air, mercury, or a compound of essential oils, nut oil, and
neats'-foot oil. Stop-cocks and regulators are fixed to the bottoms of the
cylinders for the purpose of adjusting them for work. The outer ends of the
beams act as pointers, and work in front of indice faces, and are capable of
being elongated so as to indicate to any number of curved columns of cha-
racters on the faces of the indice.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GENTLEMEN'S SCARFS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Joslin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th May
1861.
I, ROBERT JOSLIN, of No. 36, King William Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GENTLEMEN'S SCARFS," to bo as follows:-
This Invention consists in so making gentlemen's scarfs or neck-tics as
that one scarf shall serve the purpose of four scarfs. This I propose to effect
by making the long ends of the scarf of four different colors, that is to say,
I make cach side of the aforesaid long ends of materials of different colors and
designs, or one side plain and the other figured, or it may be of four different
materials. A scarf thus made, when in use should be so adjusted as that one
of the aforesaid long ends covers every part of the other long end, and thus
only end is exposed to view, by which it will be readily understood that accord-
ing as one or other of the sides of the aforesaid long ends are fixed outwards
in like manner one of four different colors, and if necessary patterns or
designs, may be exposed. That part of the scarf which is to go round the
neck of the wearer may be of any color, such part being intended to be
concealed from view by a turn-down collar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES AND LETTERS AND IN THE MODE OF SECURING THEM, ALSO IN THE SEALS OR SEAL IMPRESSIONS OR WAFERS USED FOR SUCH PURPOSE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pidding at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1861.
I, WILLIAM PIDDING, of the Borough Road, Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES AND LETTERS AND IN THE MODE OF SECURING THEM,
ALSO IN THE SEALS OR SEAL IMPRESSIONS OR WAFERS USED FOR SUCH PURPOSE," to be
as follows:-
I cause a line of perforations to be placed near to the sealing part of the
flaps of envelopes, or over folding portion of letters, for the purpose, when
opening such envelopes and letters, of the perforations being divided as is done.
with those between postage stamps. I sometimes place an adhesive substance on
the outside of the tongues of envelopes or sealing part of letters for the purpose
of adhering thereto the following described seals, or seal impressions, or wafers,
and which, being impervious to moisture, will prevent their being clandestinely
opened, and the envelopes and letters will have the appearance of being sealed
in the ordinary way, saving thereby also to consumers time, trouble, and
expense.
The seals, seal impressions, or wafers which I use for the purpose herein
described, I make of molten glass in moulds, and I also make them of por-
celain and other appropriate powders, by compressing them in moulds to the
required form, and then firing, burning, or vitrifying them; in such process I

page_text: prefer to render the sides of them which are to be adhered to envelopes or
letters rough, by placing them on flat plates or trays having evenly spread
thereon fine sand, and which will become incorporated with them. I also form
seals, seal impressions, or wafers in moulds of any plastic, oleaginous, resinous,
or gelatinous materials or compounds for the purpose described.
In my Complete Specification I shall shew diagrams to exemplify the fore-
going described envelopes and letters, their seals, or seal impressions, or wafers,
and their adhesion to envelopes and letters.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Holland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June
1861.
I, HENRY HOLLAND, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufac-
turer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
The improvement consists of securing the ivory finish or ornament which is
affixed to the end of the tubular ribs of umbrellas and parasols, by passing
through the said ornament a metal pin headed somewhat like an escutcheon
pin, which pin, after having been passed through the ornament to the extent
of about a quarter of an inch, is inserted and fastened in the end of the rib by
compression of the said rib. That part of the pin on which the end of the
rib is closed is of somewhat less diameter than the other part, so that when
the end of the rib is closed thereon the pin cannot be drawn out of the rib.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE- ARMS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Paris at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1861.
I, MATTHEW PARIS, of Hill Side, Wimbledon, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-
ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fire-arms, and consists in
substituting for the trigger ordinarily employed a piece of metal or other
material projecting underneath the stock, and terminating in a stud or other
convenient prominence for the finger to press. This trigger or piece bears
directly upon the arm of the sear, the usual leverage of the ordinary trigger
being thus avoided, or the sear itself may be prolonged and directed down-
wards so as to project from the stock for the finger to press. This trigger
may be jointed or fastened to the sear or merely be made to impinge upon
it as found convenient; and its action not being nearly parallel, but almost at
right angles to the piece, the trigger cannot be pulled, but must be pressed,
thereby insuring greater accuracy in shooting, the aim being less likely to be
disturbed than is the case in the pulling of the ordinary trigger; there is also
more safety attending its use.
COLORING MATTERS DERIVED FROM NAPTHYLAMINA, BINITRO-NAP- THALINA, AND TRINITRO-NAPTHALINA, AND APPLICATION OF SUCH COLORING MATTERS TO THE DYEING AND PRINTING OF FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Zacharie Roussin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
May 1861.
I, FRANÇOIS ZACHARIE ROUSSIN, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris,
France, Professor of Chemistry, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "COLORING MATTERS DERIVED FROM NAPTHYLAMINA, BINITRO-NAP-
THALINA, AND TRINITRO-NAPTHALINA, AND APPLICATION OF SUCH COLORING MATTERS
TO THE DYEING AND PRINTING OF FABRICS," to be as follows:-
I prepare napthylamina by causing minute grains of pewter and bydro-
chloric acid to react on nitro-napthalina. The hydrochlorate of this element
being brought in contact either with the azotite of potash, or with the elements
of the azotous or hypoazotic acid, yields a red coloring matter immediately appli-
cable to dyeing processes, as follows:-The fabrics or substances to be dyed
are first dipped into an aqueous solution of hydrochlorate of napthylamina,
then into a solution of azotite of potash, & afterwards washed in water. This
red coloring matter being acted upon by acids yields a violet color of great
beauty applicable to dyeing, which I fix by means of fixed and non-volatile
acids, such as oxalic, tartric, citric, lactic, and other acids, or by means of
salts with acid reaction. By heating in a bath of oil at 250° centigrade (482°
Fahrenheit) a mixture of chloride of pewter and hydrochlorate of napthy-
lamina, there remains a residue, which is soluble in alcohol and wood spirit ; the
solution is of a beautiful violet color unattackable by air, acids, or soap. The

page_text: action of reducing agents, such as soluble sulphurets, protosalts of pewter,
cyanuret of potassium, on the binitro-naphthaline yields coloring matters, red,
violet, and blue, applicable to dyeing purposes. I obtain biuitro-napthalina
by the action of azotic acid, smoking or monohydrated on napthalina. All
the coloring matters above alluded to yield red and violet colors of all hues,
and are immediately applicable to dyeing fabrics.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MATERIALS TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS OF DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Riley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th May
. 1861.
I, JOHN RILEY, of Hapton, near Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MATERIALS TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS OF
DYEING AND PRINTING," to be as follows:-
Instead of mixing stannate of soda with other materials to make a compound
salt for the purpose of calico printing or dyeing, I make a compound salt by
mixing tungstate of soda or any compounds of tungsten or tungsten acid with
stannato of soda and other materials, as heretofore used. The said tungstate
of soda or compounds of tungsten or tungsten acid not having been hitherto
used for those purposes.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SUCCOURING PERSONS INTERRED BEFORE LIFE IS EXTINCT
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hippolyte Lecaudey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th August
1861. A communication from abroad by Raymond Maleville, residing
at Bordeaux, in the Empire of France, Merchant.
I, HIPPOLYTE LECAUDEY, residing usually at Paris, in the Empire of France,
but now of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR SUCCOURING PERSONS INTERRED BEFORE LIFE IS EXTINCT," com-
municated from Raymond Maleville, a person resident at Bordeaux, in the
Empire of France, Merchant, to be as follows:-
I screw on the inside or through the lid of the coffin a tube, which is so
arranged as to cover or be near the mouth of the recumbent. The outer end
of the tube is to be so placed as to allow the outer air to penetrate into the
coffin; at this end of the tube is placed any means of conveying sound, such
as a pistol, a gong, or a dark lantern may be so arranged that when the spring
which will be so placed as at the slightest movement of the hand it will act on
the means of sound, light, or any contrivance that I may elect to use for the
purpose of giving effect as signals.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOXES FOR CONTAINING EARTH FOR GROWING SHRUBS OR TREES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR PAVING, FLOORING, BUILDING, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Georgo Sanders at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
January 1861.
I, FREDERICK GEORGE SANDERS, of Poole, in the County of Dorset, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOXES FOR CONTAINING EARTH FOR GROWING SHRUBS OR
TREES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR PAVING, FLOORING, BUILDING,
AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in the construction of boxes for containing earth for
growing shrubs or trees consist in making the said boxes with skeleton frames
and bars of cast iron or other suitable material, with the spaces between the
said frames and bars filled up with tiles, slate, coloured or ornamental glass,
or other material, ornamental or otherwise. The form of the boxes thus con-
structed, and the arrangement of their bars, may be greatly varied so as to render
the same ornamental. By constructing cast-iron frames of a suitable shape,
my Invention may be made applicable for paving, flooring, building, and other
purposes, both useful and ornamental.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING METALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1861. A communication from abroad by Mr. Aaron Bonehill, of Paris,
in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING METALS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement of circular saws or
cutters mounted in an oscillating frame for cutting and shaping all kinds of
iron, such as round or square iron rails, sheet iron, or other forms.
The sawing machinery is composed of a suitable upright framing of iron, to
which is fixed a steam cylinder for giving motion to a rigger keyed on a shaft
fitted in bearings of the frame. Another rectangular framing is mounted and
oscillates on this shaft, having at the lower part a shaft on which two circular
saws are fixed by means of screw nuts. In this manner the distance between
the two saws may be regulated at will. A small pulley is mounted near the
middle of this shaft, which receives rapid motion from the rigger on the main
shaft by means of a strap. Thus the circular saws receive a rapid rotary
motion, and at same time may have an oscillating motion imparted to them
when required. If the position of the saws be now adjusted, and a bar of
iron fixed rigidly within their traverse, and further, if the saws are allowed to
act themselves, they preponderate and receive an oscillating motion, and so act
upon the bars of iron.

page_text: For cutting sheets of iron parallel with their lengths I use two apparatus
or sets of saws or cutters, one for cutting the sheets lengthwise, and the other
for cutting them endwise. For this purpose the two apparatus are placed over
a kind of tramway, the one apparatus acting in the direction of the length of
the rails, and the other at right angles thereto. The sheets of iron are rigidly
fixed on carriages placed on the rails, which are caused to travel under the
first sawing apparatus; this cuts the iron on both sides in the direction of its
length. The sheet of iron is then (without altering the position of the
carriage) passed under the other sawing apparatus, which cuts at at both ends.
It will thus be understood that the sheet of iron will be cut on all its four
sides. When one sheet has been suitably cut and shaped, the carriage
bearing it is removed, and another with a similar sheet introduced, and so on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLADES FOR KNIVES, RAZORS, SWORDS, BAYONETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th January
1861. A communication from abroad by André Nadal, of Paris,
Cutler.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLADES FOR KNIVES, RAZORS,
SWORDS, BAYONETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN
SUCH MANUFACTURE," (a communication to me from abroad by André Nadal,
of Paris, Cutler,) to be as follows:-
The process of manufacture which forms the subject of the present Inven-
tion consists of certain mechanical means, intended to form (with great
economy of material and manual labor), all kinds of blades, such as those of
knives, scissors, razors, penknives, lancets, and so forth, and blades and other
objects of larger dimensions, such as blades for daggers and hunting knives,
sabres, bayonets, swords, and so forth. These results are obtained by the use
of a rolling mill constructed as follows:-Two cylinders, grooved or divided by
zones, alternately projecting and receding, are geared together, so that the
projecting parts of the one correspond exactly with the recessed parts of the
other. On each of these zones or grooves (balf on one and half on the other
roll) are impressed or recessed the forms of the different blades or other articles

page_text: to be produced in such a manner as that they shall strictly correspond. These
impressions or matrices are so arranged as that the thick and thin parts of the
blades occur alternately, and that the metal between the same shall be rolled
as thin as possible, so as to facilitate their subsequent detachment from each
other as much as possible to economize the material employed.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UPHOLSTERERS' FRINGES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Barnwell, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho 15th June
1861.
I, STEPHEN BARNWELL, junior, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UPHOLSTERERS' FRINGES,"
to be as follows, that is to say:
My Invention consists in manufacturing fringes for upholstery of chenille,
either plain and by itself, or variegated or mixed, or powdered with buttons or
drops of plain silk, or trimmed with bullion tips and hangers, by which a rich
and ornamental fringe for window cornices and other upholstery purposes may
be produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1861. A communication from abroad by Hubert Bosch, of Maestricht,
Netherlands.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," (a communication to me from abroad by
Hubert Bosch, of Maestricht, Netherlands), to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is greatly to increase the illuminating power of
the various gas burners, and at the same time to economize the quantity of
gas consumed. To obtain this result the gas burner ordinarily employed is to
be covered with a metallic nipple or capsule, in which the gas expands before
arriving at the extremity thereof. By these means the gas (not becoming
carbonized, as in the case of the ordinary burners,) arrives without pressure at
the extremity of the nipple or capsule, where it passes through one or more
openings and burns with a much brighter light, effecting an economy of about
40 to 50 per cent., the illuminating power being in the proportion of from
6 to 13 candles. Instead of placing these nipples or capsules over the ordinary
burners a burner producing the same effect may be formed in one piece by
the use of a perforated division, leaving a chamber for the gas to expand in
before it arrives at the orifice where it is burnt.