NEW AND IMPROVED METHODS OF AND FURNACE FOR HEATING, HARDENING, AND TEMPERING CLOCK SPRINGS, WATCH SPRINGS, BAND SAWS, STEEL FOR DRESSES, SUCH AS CRINOLINE STEEL, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Chesterman, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "NEW AND IMPROVED METHODS
OF AND FURNACE FOR HEATING, HARDENING, AND TEMPERING CLOCK SPRINGS,
WATCH SPRINGS, BAND SAWS, STEEL FOR DRESSES, SUCH AS CRINOLINE STEEL,
AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
Sealed the 1st May 1860, and dated the 4th November 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Chesterman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th November 1859.
I, JAMES CHESTERMAN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW AND IMPROVED
METHODS OF AND FURNACE FOR HEATING, HARDENING, AND TEMPERING CLOCK SPRINGS,
WATCH SPRINGS, BAND SAWS, STEEL FOR DRESSES, SUCH AS CRINOLINE STEEL, AND
OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in a new kind of furnace made of metal or
earthenware plates or boxes, having grooves through which the steel is passed
to be heated, from thence it is passed between cold plates or through fluid to

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, hled
by the said James Chesterman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th May 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
CHESTERMAN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Chesterman, Her special licence that I, the said James
Chesterman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
the said James Chesterman, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"NEW AND IMPROVED METHODS OF AND FURNACE FOR HEATING, HARDENING, AND
TEMPERING CLOCK SPRINGS, WATCH SPRINGS, BAND SAWS, STEEL FOR DRESSES, SUCH
AS CRINOLINE STEEL, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Chesterman, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Chesterman, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in a new kind of furnace made of metal or
earthenware plates or boxes, having grooves through which the steel is passed
to be heated; from thence it is passed between cold plates or through fluid to

page_text: harden it; secondly, after leaving the plates or fluid it is conveyed over the
top of the furnace, by which means it is tempered.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a longitudinal section of a
furnace constructed according to my Invention for heating, hardening, and
tempering steel. A, A, is the outer brickwork of the furnace; B is an iron
tube extending from end to end of the furnace, and although only one tube is
shown yet several may be employed. The iron tube is surrounded for nearly
the whole of its length by a casing or casings of fire-brick A¹, A¹. As before
stated grooved earthenware plates or boxes may be substituted for the iron
tube. D, D, are flues leading from the fires C, C, they pass round the fire-
brick casings A', A', and meet at E, from which point the products of com-
bustion pass off to a chimney; F is a grooved metal plate, a plan and side
elevation of which are given at Figures 2 and 3 respectively. The plate F is
placed in the flue E and forms part of the cover thereof, in order that it may
be heated by the waste heat passing off from the furnace. G is a die or cover
which fits into and upon the plate F; K, K, are cold dies of a similar
construction to those described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me
dated 1st November 1853, No. 2528; L, L, are rollers, the lower of which
revolves in a trough containing oil; M is a pulley free to revolve on its axis.
The steel spring or band to be tempered is led from a roller H to the mouth J
of the tube B, and through this tube wherein it becomes heated by the action
of the furnace. On the steel leaving the tube B it is passed between the cold
dies K, K, where it becomes hardened, then between the oiling rollers L, L
round the pulley M, back over the furnace, and between the heated die G and
plate F, at which point the oil is blazed off and the steel is tempered; it is
then carried round a drum or drums, and so far as regards hardening and
tempering the steel is finished. In some cases instead of the cold dies K, K,
I pass the steel through liquid lead, oil, or any other fluid. If oil is the fluid
employed then the oiling rollers L, L, can be dispensed with.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the construction of a furnace for heating, hardening, and tempering
steel springs, band saws, and bands, with a tempering plate forming a cover or
part of the flue thereof, as herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.
Second, heating, hardening, and tempering steel springs, band saws, and
bands, by passing them through heated tubes, plates, or boxes, cold dies, and
oiling rollers, or through oil or other liquid, back over the furnace used to
heat the tubes, plates, or boxes, and through plates placed in the furnace flues

page_text: so as to become heated by the waste heat passing off from the furnace,
essentially in manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Chesterman, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Second day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty.
JAMES CHESTERMAN. (L.B.)