Improvements in Liquid Hydro-carbon Engines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left. 14th Nov., 1892-Accepted, 31st Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by JOHANNES SPIEL, of Berliner Petroleum
Motoren-Fabrik, Waldstrasse 56, Berlin, N.W., in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer.]
Improvements in Liquid Hydro-carbon Engines.
I, HENRY HARINGTON LEIGH, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., Fel. Ch. Inst. P.A.,
practising as Phillips & Leigh of No. 22 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in liquid hydro-carbon engines and its
objects are to provide for improvements in the supply of the liquid hydro-carbon
for vapourizing and aerating the same, for effecting the ignition of the gaseous
mixture and otherwise generally improving the construction of and providing for
the better performance of the engine.
In carrying this invention into effect the following provisions are made and with
reference to the supply of the liquid hydro-carbon and its admixture with the
necessary volume of atmospheric air the following arrangement as to the con-
struction of the engine cylinder and its closely related parts is provided.
In respect of the ignition device there is to be made use of an arrangement of
any convenient type or figure or material provided that it be strongly impregnated
with or that the bulk of it be asbestos.
The asbestos in question may be replaced by any substance which possesses
equivalent properties in respect of its relation to heat.
In applying the asbestos to the present invention it is preferred to use it in
a sheet form and to roll the said sheets up with spaces between them, or there
may be made some other or any other equivalent provision for providing for
the passage through or over the layers of asbestos or their equivalents in respect
of this part of the invention of the
influence.
gaseous
There may also be provision for the supply into the body of the above
mentioned asbestos igniter of atmospheric air by means of perforations made
therein or therethrough in directions more or less at right angles with the axis
of the igniter or in any other directions capable of yielding analogous results.
The exact position of this asbestos igniting mechanism is not, according, to
the nature of this invention strictly limited, provided that it or its equivalent
material be close up or within reach of the calorific effect of the exhaust from
the cylinder.
The further objects of this invention are accomplished as follows:
On one end of engine cylinder is fixed the vapourizing and mixing chamber
which consists of a tube opening at one end into the cylinder and at the other
end to an atmospheric valve. and contracted in the middle the said contraction
being for the purpose of more effectually heating and mixing the petroleum and
air by retarding their passage on their induction into the motor cylinder.
To the top end of said tube is screwed a smaller tube to which is fitted the
automatic air inlet valve opening inwards and held against its seat by a suitable
spring, and above which is connected the petroleum injection pipe. In an engine.
constructed according to this invention the periods of suction compression, ignation
and expulsion of the products of combustion are effected in two revolutions of the
engine.
Motion is transmitted from the crank shaft to a distributing shaft by means
of two toothed wheels geared two to one within the space formed by the projection
of the rim of the larger of these wheels, is situated the centrifugal governing

page_text: apparatus for regulating the supply of petroleum, and comprises a pair of radial
arms pivotted at one end to studs attached to the said wheel, and connected at their
other ends by small links and a lever; fixed to one of these arms is a small pro-
jecting stud or stop which at normal position and speed engages in a slot or
against a step formed in a disc affixed to the petroleum pump shaft or spindle
which passes through the centre of the distributing shaft thereby communicating
motion to the petroleum pump.
When the engine exceeds its normal speed the radial arms will by reason of
centrifugal force fly outwards, by which action the projecting stud is raised out of
the slot in the disc and the petroleum pump therefore remains stationary until the
speed of the engine again falls to its normal rate.
The radial arms are connected together by a suitable spring which is arranged
to be adjusted by screws for the purpose of regulating the speed of the motor.
The petroleum pump is adapted to oscillate upon a bolt or stud fixed to a
convenient part of the engine base, or the bolt is sometimes fixed to the pump
allowing the bolt which carries the pump to oscillate in a suitable hole drilled in
the above mentioned couvenient part of the engine. The pump is held against its
faces by a suitable spring and there are arranged on one of these faces (preferably
the bottom one) the necessary suction and delivery ports which are alternatively
placed in communication, by reason of the oscillatory motion of the said petroleum
pump, with the port situated in the corresponding face of the pump, thus dispensing
with the usual valves.
The pump plunger is operated by a crank pin which passes through a longitudinal
slot in the head of the plunger. The head of plunger is fitted with a bolt or screw
to regulate the stroke of same. The said crank pin is affixed to a disc on the end
of the pump spindle which passes through the centre of the distributing shaft and
is operated by the governor.
The pump is connected by suitable pipes from the oil reservoirs and to the
vapourizer. Upon the distributing shaft is fitted a cam which operates through the
medium of a push rod, the exhaust valve; the said valve being held against its
seat by a suitable spring.
Dated this 13th day of February 1892.
HENRY H. LEIGH.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Liquid Hydro-carbon Engines.
I, HENRY HARINGTON LEIGH, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., Fel. Ch. Inst. P.A.,
practising as Phillips & Leigh, of No. 22, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in liquid hydro-carbon engines, and more
particularly to improvements in
1. Mechanism for supplying the liquid hydro-carbon:
2. Apparatus.for vapourizing the liquid hydro-carbon :
3. Apparatus for aërating the charge of liquid hydro-carbon :
1. The igniting device, and
5. The governing mechanism.
In order that the invention and the means by which it is to be carried into
practical effect may be thoroughly understood, I will now describe it and them in
detail, referring in so doing to the accompanying drawings which are to be taken as
part of this Specification and read therewith. They shew the application of the
present invention to a single acting inverted engine working according to the well
known Otto cycle. It must be understood that the type of engine illustrated in no

page_text: way indicates a restriction of the invention to that type for it may be applied with
advantage to any reciprocating engines working according to any cycle.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the cylinder and the igniter, omitting the
atmospheric valve.
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a modified form of igniter.
Fig. 4 is an end elevation illustrating the means for keeping the plug of the
igniter shewn in the previous figure in its barrel.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section along the line 5-5 of Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the engine with the vapourizer shewn in section.
Fig. 7 is a sectional front elevation of the engine.
Fig. 8 is an elevation shewing the inner face of the governor and the governor,
wheel.
Fig. 9 is a plan of the governor flyer coupler.
Fig. 10 is a plan of the inner edge of the governor flyer shewn in Fig. 8 as above
the shaft.
Fig. 11 is a sectional plan along the line 11-11 of Figs. 6 and 7.
Fig. 12 is a vertical section along the line 12-12 of Fig. 6.
Fig. 13 is a side elevation of the hydro-carbon pump, the bearing behind it and
the disc to which the pump is connected.
Fig. 14 is an elevation of the face of the block against which the
Fig. 15 is an elevation of the working or port face of the pump.
pump works.
.
a is the crank shaft of the engine: and b, the distributing shaft. The latter
stands above and parallel with the former from which it is driven by spur gearing
of the usual two to one type. The bearings of the shaft b are formed upon the
opposite faces of the central web of a pillow block d which stands upon the pillow.
block of the adjacent crank shaft arm.
1. MECHANISM FOR SUPPLYING THE LIQUID HYDRO-CARBON.
This is illustrated in Figs. 6, 7 and 12 to 15. e is the supply pump; e¹its
plunger; and e³, the head of the latter. The pump itself is an oscillating one, its
centre of oscillation being provided by a special stud which projects for that
purpose from some convenient part of the engine. This stud may be fast to the
latter, in which case the pump will oscillate upon it, or to the pump, in which case
it will work in a bearing formed for it in the said convenient part. Referring to
Figs. 6, 12, 13, 14 and 15, f is a block bolted to, or an extension of, the pillow
block d which is treated in the figures as the convenient part above mentioned.
ƒ¹, fare two arc shaped bearing surfaces formed in relief upon the side of the
pump. They are both in the same plane which is one parallel with the axis of the.
pump cylinder, and are both set out from the axis of the pump's rotation as a centre.
is a stud fast to the pump and projecting from it at right angles on every side of
it with the plane in which stand the two surfaces f¹ƒ ƒ^ƒ are two further
symmetrical bearing surfaces formed upon the outer face of the block.f. They are
counterparts in respect of size radius and relative position with those on the pump
cylinder already described and stand in the vertical plane. The block is bored out
to receive the stud fs and to furnish a bearing for it. The stud is long enough to
project beyond the block f. f is a resilient spiral spring. It is passed over the
projecting stud and is held up to the block and kept in compression by adjustable
set and lock nuts and a washer f'. The resilience of the spring serves to keep the
bearing surfaces f¹, up to the surfaces f," respectively.
The pump is actuated from the governor as follows. g is a spindle lying in a
central bore formed in the distributing shaft b and axially coincident therewith.
So long as the governor, the construction and operation of which are described
further on, is running at a normal speed, the spindle g is rotated and at the same
rate as the larger wheel c of the two to one spur gear. The spindle projects beyond
the hollow shaft 6 in the direction of the pump far enough to receive a disc g' which
,

page_text: It
is there made fast to it. 9³ is a pin projecting eccentrically from the said disc.
stands within a vertical slot in the head of the plunger e¹. e is an adjusting
screw the function of which is to regulate the amount of free motion which the
ping can have in the said slot.
his the suction pipe leading from the oil reservoir. It terminates in a port h¹ in
the block f h is a second and the delivery port in the same block. The latter
leads from the bearing surface f³ to the delivery pipe h³. These ports stand side
by side but do not communicate with each other. The delivery pipe is led from the
port to the vapourizer described further on. is suction and delivery port in
the foot of the pump. It opens out through the face f' with the same radius
from the axis of oscillation as the ports h¹, h² with each of which it coincides
alternately at the respective ends of its throw."
2 AND 3. APPARATUS FOR VAPOURIZING AND AËRATING THE CHARGE OF
LIQUID HYDRO-CARBON.
The
This is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 6, and 7. i is the combined vapourizer and
aërating chamber. It stands upon the cover of the engine cylinder being axially
coincident therewith and communicates with the cylinder by a port in the cylinder
cover. The cavity of the vapourizer is circular in plan excepting in the centre
where it is contracted at into an oblong shape as shewn in Fig. 11.
vapourized hydro-carbon is first aërated in the vapourizer above the contracted
portion and the mixing of the air and it is perfected below the said portion. j is a
tubular air chamber. are ports in its side through which air can flow freely.
is a valve adapted to control the communication between the air chamber and the
vapourizer. It has its seat upon the bottom end of the former, and opens under the
pressure of the outer air into the latter against the resilience of a closing spring j³
which surrounds a prolongation of the valve spindle projecting through the top
of the air chamber and acts between the said top and the washer and adjusting nut
on the end of the said prolongation. The oil delivery pipe A³ delivers into the air
chamber through its side.

page_text: 3. The combination of asbestos rings or perforated block external device for
rendering the same incandescent and port for admitting the explosive mixture
thereto, as set forth.
4. The combination of incandescent asbestos igniter, port establishing a com-
munication between its interior and the engine cylinder, and controlling valve, as
set forth.
5. The combination of wheel a pair of flyers pivotted upon the side thereof
eccentrically and symmetrically with reference to its axis, hollow distributing shaft
upon which the said wheel is made fast and device by means of which the position
of the flyers due to the normal speed of the engine keeps them in operative contact
with a device operatively connected with the supply pump, as set forth.
Dated this 14th day of November 1892.
H. H. LEIGH, C.P.A.