and in Means and Apparatus for Producing the same.
Year: 1885

page_text: and in Means and Apparatus for Producing the same.
I, THOMAS ROBINSON of The Manor House Farnley Leeds in the County of York
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in shafts for screw propellors and
for other uses and in means and apparatus for producing the same.
I make such shafts hollow and in sections; the section held in the bearing being
separate from the section in the interval between the bearings. The sections in
the bearings I prefer to form in cast steel and to roll them with collars or flanges
at their ends by means hereinafter described. The intermediate sections I make of
cast or wrought iron, if of cast iron I form them with longitudinal holes or grooves
near the periphery and through these holes or grooves and the collars abutting
upon them at either end I pass long bolts which receive nuts at their ends.
When I make the intermediate sections of wrought iron I prefer to bend a
massive sheet to a cylindrical form by means of bending rolls and where the lips or
edges meet I secure them by drilling holes through them at short distances apart
tangentially and inserting bolts or rivets into these holes.
In fitting the sections together I allow the flanges of the sections in the bearings
to enter the ends of the intermediate sections and I secure the parts by screws
passing through the outer section and entering radial screwed holes in the flanges
within.
In order to relieve the thrust I provide flanges upon the shaft and a collar
embracing the shaft between the flanges. This collar is prevented from rotating
by a suitable stop and is connected by tie rods to a support of adequate strength.
Springs may be provided in connection with these rods.
The collar I build up in parts to enable it to be applied around the shaft and
when so applied to be rigid as if of a single piece.
I produce the flanged portions of the shaft from cast ingots. The ingots are
hollow and the flanges are cast upon them. I roll these ingots between three
rollers of corresponding form which receive the ingot between them with its axis
parallel to the axes of the rollers. The ingot is provided with a core consisting of
a case of sheet iron rammed full and hard with sand. The rollers are set in
towards each other as the rolling progresses and until the ingot is reduced to the
dimensions required. The core is afterwards removed.
A

page_text: As great strength is required in this rolling mill I make the standards or
housings of the rolls in the form of box girders and the girders have removeable
parts outside the necks of the side rolls. These parts are taken out for the purpose
of inserting the rolls and are afterwards firmly secured by bolts and nuts.
I also form hollow shafts by casting trough like ingots which fit together to
form a complete cylinder. The ingots are formed' with interlocking projections
and grooves. When they have been put together and are at a proper heat they are
rolled through eyes in a pair of rollers. The interior of the cylinder is supported
during rolling by a bulb or core within the cylinder and held stationary by a
holding rod connecting it with a suitable standard.
Sometimes I produce such hollow shafts by bending massive sheets of wrought
iron or steel in bending rolls to a hollow cylindrical form and these I then weld
between rollers and roll in the manner just described.
Or I wind up a rolled bar upon a core to a cylindrical form, I make this bar of
such a form that each convolution interlocks with the preceding to give longi-
tudinal strength to the shaft I roll the coil circumferentially in the manner first
described with a rammed core within it or it may be rolled longitudinally either on
a rammed core or on a supporting bulb.

page_text: and in Means and Apparatus for Producing the same.
I, THOMAS ROBINSON of The Manor House Farnley Leeds in the County of York
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what inauner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object improvements in shafts for screw propellors and
for other uses and in means and apparatus for producing the same.
I make such shafts hollow and in sections; the section held in the bearing being
separate from the section in the interval between the bearings. The sections in
the bearings I prefer to form in cast steel. The intermediate sections I make of
cast or wrought iron.
When I make the intermediate sections of wrought iron I prefer to bend a
massive sheet to a cylindrical form by means of bending rolls and where the lips or
edges meet I secure them by drilling holes through them at short distances apart
tangentially and inserting bolts or rivets into these holes.
In order to relieve the thrust I provide flanges upon the shaft and a collar
embracing the shaft between the flanges. This collar is prevented from rotating
by a suitable stop and is connected by tie rods to a support of adequate strength.
Springs may be provided in connection with these rods.
The collar I build up in parts to enable it to be applied around the shaft and
when so applied to be rigid as if of a single piece.
I produce the flanged portions of the shaft from cast ingots. The ingots are
hollow and the flanges are cast upon them. I roll these ingots between three
rollers of corresponding form which receive the ingot between them with its axis
parallel to the axes of the rollers. The ingot is provided with a core consisting of a
case of sheet iron rammed full and hard with sand. The rollers are set in towards
each other as the rolling progresses and until the ingot is reduced to the dimensions
required. The core is afterwards removed.
As great strength is required in this rolling mill I make the standards or
housings of the rolls in the form of box girders and the girders have removeable
parts outside the necks of the side rolls. These parts are taken out for the purpose
of inserting the rolls and are afterwards firmly secured by bolts and nuts.
I also form hollow shafts by casting trough like ingots which fit together to
form a complete cylinder. The ingots are formed with interlocking projections
and grooves.
When they have been put together and are at a proper heat they
are rolled through eyes in a pair of rollers. The interior of the cylinder is
supported during rolling by a bulb or core within the cylinder and held stationary
by a holding rod connecting it with a suitable standard.
Sometimes I produce such hollow shafts by bending massive sheets of wrought
iron or steel in bending rolls to a hollow cylindrical form and these I then weld
between rollers and roll in the manner just described.
Or I wind up a rolled bar upon a core to a cylindrical form, I make this bar of
such a form that each convolution interlocks with the preceding to give longi-
tudinal strength to the shaft I roll the coil circumferentially in the manner first

page_text: described with a rammed core within it or it may be rolled longitudinally either on
a rammed core or on a supporting bulb.
In order that my said invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a plan partly in section of a shaft constructed in accordance with my
invention and composed of several parts.
Figure 2 is a plan partly in section showing a length of hollow shafting
composed of a massive plate bent to a cylindrical form and having its edges
held together by tangential bolts or rivets.
Figure 3 is an end elevation of the shaft represented by Figure 2.
Figure 4 is an elevation of the collar provided to take the thrust of the shaft.
Figure 5 is an edge view of this collar and Figure 5ª is a similar view but with
the parts separated a short distance the one from the other.
Figure 6 is a front elevation, and
Figure 7 is an end elevation of a rolling mill for rolling shafts with flanges upon
them.
Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of a hollow shaft having a core within it to
support it during rolling.
Figure 9 shows in section a portion of this core.
Figure 10 illustrates the rolling mill which I employ for longitudinal rolling.
Figure 11 is an end elevation of two trough-like pieces of iron or steel, or they
may be ingots of steel such as I employ to produce a hollow shaft.
Figure 12 shows like forms closed together around a core.
Figure 13 shows the shaft as finished by rolling but with the core still within it.
Figure 14 shows similar trough-like forms but with the joints having inter-
locking parts.
Figure 15 shows the same but with these parts closed together around a core.
Figure 16 shows a complete shaft.
Figure 17 shows a rolling mill similar to Figure 10.
Figure 18 is an end elevation of the rollers and illustrates the method of rolling
when no core is employed but a bulb between the rolls for the purpose of sup-
porting the shaft from within.
Figure 19 shows a shaft produced by bending a massive plate to a cylindrical
form; it is shown ready for welding either upon a core or otherwise.
Figure 20 shows the same shaft in an earlier stage.
Figures 21 and 22 show other sectional forms for the production of shafts.
Figure 23 is an end elevation of the mill which I employ for rolling these shafts
circumferentially.
.
Figure 24 is a side view of the rollers with the shaft between them.
Figure 25 is an end view of the same.
"
Figure 26 is a longitudinal section of a shaft produced by coiling a rolled bar
having interlocking projections; it is shown with the core within it and ready for
rolling.
Figure 27 is an end view of Figure 26.
In Figure 1A is a length of hollow shafting having flanges upon it at A¹, A';
B is a thrust collar which is received between these flanges. C, C, are other lengths
of plain hollow shaft. D, D, are bearings in which the shaft is carried. E repre-
sents a portion of the shaft connecting the lengths C, C, in the portion E of the
shaft no bearings are supposed to be required.
This part E of the shaft may for the sake of cheapness be made of cast iron-
the large diameter to which it is made will render it as strong and reliable as the
other parts of the shaft which are made of a superior metal-or this part of the
shaft which is not included in the bearings may be made in the manner illustrated
by. Figures 2 and 3--a massive. sheet of wrought iron is bent to a cylindrical form.

page_text: so as to bring its two edges to abut together. Holes are drilled through the edges
where they meet tangentially to the centre line of the curved plate or at right
angles or thereabouts to a radial plain passing through the joint-these holes
receive rivets or bolts, as shown in Figure 3, by which the two abutting surfaces
are held firmly in contact-To connect the parts A and C I may insert a solid
cylinder G fitting them accurately and this may be put in cold whilst the ends of
the shaft are hot afterwards a ring H may be thrust on over the junction, and this
may be further secured by keys.
This method of forming the joint is also indicated in Figure 2. To connect the
parts C and E the one is forced upon the other then keys are inserted.
The thrust collar B shown by the Figures 1, 4 and 5 is made in four parts as
the drawing indicates so that it is easily applied when the shaft is in place.
I, I, are bolts connecting the thrust collar with a suitable stationary support. A
stop is provided to prevent the collar B from rotating with the collar on the shaft.
The method of assembling the parts as shown by Figure 1 is given only for the
purpose of illustration and I do not in any way confine myself thereto.
The part A is produced in the mill shown by Figures 6 and 7, it may be from a.
steel ingot preferably cast hollow and with flanges upon it; but the ingot may be.
cast without flanges in which case the flanges are produced entirely during the
operation of rolling in the mill shown by the Figures 6 and 7; I may also in this
mill produce a flanged shaft from a solid ingot or bar..
It will be seen that three rollers are employed-the shaft to be rolled lies upon.
the two lower rollers and these are driven by gear as clearly indicated in Figure 7.
The top roller can be raised or lowered by means of screws and this is brought
down to press the shaft in process of rolling.
In order that the side rollers may be easily introduced into the standards or
housings of the mill removeable pieces F F are provided; these are put in when
the rolls are in place and firmly secured by bolts F1, F¹, and so the strength
necessary to withstand the severe strain to which these mills are exposed is
obtained.
When operating upon a hollow shaft a core, such as is represented by Figures 8
and 9 and also by other figures of the drawings, is inserted into it-this core
consists of a cylindrical case of thin sheet iron provided with suitable covers or
ends and it is rammed full under considerable pressure with refractory material,
lime I find to be suitable, or sand may be employed. This core is inserted into the
hollow shaft and the whole is then heated together, brought to the rolling mill and
rolled as already described. The core after rolling can be removed.
The plain part C, C, of the shaft I similarly form of trough-like sections as
indicated in Figures 11, 12, 14, 15, 21, 22. These may be either of cast steel or
of wrought iron-they are placed together embracing a core such as that which
I have described, the whole is then heated together to a welding temperature and
passed between rolls, such as are shown by Figure 10. Or in place thereof the.
hollow shaft may be rolled circumferentially in a three roller mill in the manner
illustrated by the Figures 23, 24 and 25. Or again, the trough-like sections may
be placed together and heated but without a core and may then be welded in the
manner illustrated by the Figures 17 and 18 by passing them longitudinally
through the eyes of a pair of rollers whilst they are supported interiorally by a
bulb carried by a stem in the manner illustrated by Figure 18. Or in place of
using trough-like sections I sometimes employ a massive sheet bent to a cylindrical
form, as is indicated by the Figure 18, or again, I form such hollow shafts in the
manner illustrated by the Figure 26, that is to say, by winding a bar spirally upon
a mandrel this is done when the bar is hot. The bar has interlocking projections
upon it as the drawing shows. After winding the mandrel is withdrawn and a
core, such as I have described, is inserted in the place; the whole is then heated
together in a furnace to a welding temperature and the shaft is welded up by
means of rollers operating in the manner illustrated by Figures 23, 24 and 25.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The method of forming a flanged shaft from an ingot forging or bar by
rolling it circumferentially between rollers of a contour corresponding to that of
the shaft to be produced.
2. The method of forming flanged shafts consisting in preparing a hollow ingot
inserting a core and then rolling circumferentially between rollers of a contour
corresponding to that of the shaft to be produced.
3. The method of relieving or sustaining the thrust of the shaft by a collar
built up in parts and connected by the rods with a fixed support and a flange on
the shaft abutting on the said collar.
4. The method of forming a hollow shaft by bending a massive sheet to a
cylindrical form and joining the edges by inserting bolts or rivets into holes formed
tangentially in the substance of the sheet.
5. The method of rolling hollow shafts circumferentially consisting in inserting
a core formed of a case of sheet iron rammed full and hard with refractory
material, then heating the shaft with the core within it and when at a proper
temperature rolling with three or more rollers parallel to the shaft.
6. The method of forming hollow shafts by casting trough like ingots, closing
these ingots together, heating them to a welding temperature and welding them
between rollers.
7. The method of forming hollow shafts by casting trough-like ingots, closing
these together around a core heating them together with the core to a welding
temperature and welding them between rollers.
8. The method of forming hollow shafts by bending a massive sheet to a
cylindrical form, inserting a core, heating it with the core to a welding tempera-
ture and welding between rollers.
9. The method of forming hollow shafts by rolling trough like forms, closing
these together around a core, heating them together with the core to a welding
temperature and welding between rollers.
'
10. The method of forming hollow shafts by winding up a rolled bar upon a
mandril, inserting a core, heating the coil with the core to a welding temperature
and welding between rollers.
11. The method of forming hollow shafts by winding up upon a mandril a
rolled bar of such a form that each convolution interlocks with the preceding,
heating the coil to a welding temperature and welding between rollers.
12. The method of constructing three roller rolling mills consisting in providing
the standards or housings with removable parts outside the necks of the side rolls
which after the rolls are inserted are secured by bolts or like fastenings.
13. The improved shafts for screw propellors and for other uses substantially
as herein described.