IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OVAL MIRRORS
Year: 1884

page_text: We, HYPPOLITE BESSON and ERNEST N KENT Brush Makers of 46 Bonner Road,
Bethnal Green in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OVAL MIRRORS to
be as follows:-
The main objects of this invention are to fix oval glass either flat or bevelled in
solid frame of wood or any similar material, with more security from breakage, and
more economically than has heretofore been possible with beaded Mirrors.
Our invention consists in manufacturing the frame of mirror in wood or other
similar material with a deep recess with lateral grooves to receive the glass and
secure it in combination of a cushion of india-rubber or any other elastic material,
placed between the glass and the back of the deep recess.
:
According to our invention, the Wood is cut, shaped, and is recessed in the
ordinary way on the elliptic chuck, or by the recessing machine, nearly a quarter
of an inch smaller in width than the size of the glass and the depth of the said.
recess will be nearly double the thickness of the glass. In the side of the said
recess a groove is undercut by suitable tools to the depth of a quarter of an inch, in
which groove near the edge of the recess, a fine rabbet is cut slightly larger than
the glass. The frame then is finished and polished in the usual manner. The
india-rubber or other elastic cushion is glued at the back of the recess either in
small pieces or in a ring.
The glass is inserted in the undercut in the following manner; by placing the
longer diameter of the glass slightly oblique to that of the recess and inserting .the
small end of the said glass in the large groove.
The glass is then gently twisted with the thumb until the quater of an inch
difference (between the size of glass and recess) passed underneath one side of
the rim of the groove.
The glass will then fall into the recess, when it is pressed underneath the other
side of the rim, while the india-rubber cushion will press it into the rabbet-groove
where it will be firmly secured.
The glass in brush-backs is fixed in a similar way.
We are aware that glass has been set into Ivory frames only, after being recessed
and slightly undercut; the Ivory having been softened in water, the recess is
expanded sufficiently to allow the mirror to enter and as it drys it will contract
enough to hold the glass. It is necessary here to state that neither safety of the
glass, nor the economy sought by us could be practically attained by the said
process.

page_text: We, HYPPOLITE BESSON and ERNEST NEILD KENT Brushmakers of 46 Bonner
Road, Bethnal Green in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OVAL MIRRORS
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The main objects of this invention are to fix oval glass either flat or bevelled in
solid frame of wood or any other material with more security from breakage and
more economically than has heretofore been possible with beaded mirrors.
Our Invention consists in manufacturing the frame of Mirror in wood or other
similar material with a deep recess with lateral grooves to receive the glass and
secure it in combination with a cushion of india rubber tubing or any other elastic
material placed between the glass and the back of the deep recess.
In order that our Invention may be clearly understood reference is hereby made
to the accompanying drawings in which similar letters of reference indicate similar
or corresponding parts in the several figures.
Fig 1. is a diagram of a finished frame B without glass. Fig. 2. is a section on
the line x, x of Fig. 1.-Fig. 3 is a diagram showing how the glass A is inserted in
its Frame B Fig. 4. is a section 'on the line x, x of the Fig. 3, Fig. 5 is a
diagram of a brush at the back of which is a glass' fitted according to our Invention.
Fig 6 is a section on the line x², x². of the Fig. 5.
In order to carry our Invention practically the wood is cut and shaped in the
ordinary way after these processes the frame is fixed in the Elliptic chuck or on
recessing machine, well known machines in wood trade, the recess C Fig 1 and 2 is
turned or cut out nearly a quarter of an inch smaller than the size of the glass,
and the depth of the said recess will be nearly double the thickness of the glass A.
Fig 3 & 4 or Fig 1. and 2.
"
In the side of the recess C a groove g is undercut by suitable tools to the depth
of a quarter of an inch, in which groove near the edge of the recess C a fine Rabbet
groove is cut slightly larger than the glass. A, then, the frame B Fig 1 and 2' is
finished and polished in the usual manner. After these treatments we proceed as
follows, we glue five or more pieces of india Rubber tubing in ring forms
as i, i, i, i-Fig 1, either sideways or lengthways in the recess C.
Sometimes we use small spiral springs S. Fig 7 having cushions of india rubber
or soft pads p. at each end so as to protect the glass A. and the recess C
The glass. Fig. 3 is inserted in its frame in the following manner by placing the
larger diameter d d Fig 3 of the glass A slightly oblique to the diameter D, D of
the recess C, and by inserting the small end d' of the Glass A in the groove g Fig 3
and 4, the glass A is then gently twisted with the thumb until the quarter of an
inch difference or nearly so (between the size of the glass A and recess C) is passed
underneath one side of the groove as shewn Fig. 3 and 4. the glass A will then fall
into the recess C, when it is pressed underneath the other side of the rim, while the
India Rubber cushion i, i,-or spring.S will press it into the rabbet groover where
the glass A will be firmly secured.
* The glass is taken out of its frame by a vice-versa method. The glass A is
pressed down with the thumb against the recess, then twisted gently in an oblique
direction in line of the larger diameter D, D¹ of the recess C, until the excess of the
size between glass A and recess C is passed underneath one side of the frame in the
groove g, then by passing between the Edge of the glass A & Recess C a thin piece

page_text: of card board or stout paper thus by pulling the glass with this said card board the
said glass will slide out easily.
Fig 5 and 6 represent an application of our invention to brushes, in this case we
carry our invention as follows. The Brush stock is cut, shaped to the form of the
pattern desired after which operation the face of the stock is bored, when the
recess C, grooves g`and r are cut out by the same method already mentioned.
After these processes the Brush is finished, polished, and the bristle fixed in the
usual manner; after these operations we fix the glass by the same method as in
fixing the glass in mirror's frames, but to protect the glass from dampness or water
which can be carried to the back of the glass by the bristle we lay a coat of shellac
dissolved in spirit at the bottom of the recess C.
Having described the nature of our Invention and the manner by which the same
is to be performed, we would have it to be understood that we are aware that glass
has been set into Ivory frames after being recessed and slightly undercut, the
Ivory having been softened in water, the recess is expanded sufficiently to allow
the glass to enter and as it dries it will contract enough to hold the glass, but such
attempt to produce a mirror in wood or other material suitable to make frames in
which the glass could be fixed with security or taken out when necessary without
fear of breaking either the glass or the frame has generally failed and we claim.
1st The use and manufacture of frames for mirrors or glass constructed
substantially as and for the purpose herein before described and shewn on the
drawings or any mere modification.
2nd In the construction of frames for mirrors or glass the employment of a deep
recess C with the large groove g to slide the glass and the rabbet groover with the
India Rubber to hold the glass applied substantially in the manner and for the
purpose herein described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings..
Dated this 22nd day of September 1884.