A METHOD OR METHODS OP CASTING METALLIC AND OTHER BODIES, TOGETHER OR ELPARATELY, IN MOULDS, IN THE STATE OF FLUIDITY OR SOFTNESS, IN ORDER THAT THE SAID BODIES MAY PRESERVE THE FIGURES THUS OBTAINED WHEN THEY SHALL AFTERWARDS BECOME SOLID OR CONSISTENT, BY COOLING, OR BY ANY CHEMICAL OR OTHER CHARGE WHICH SHALL OR MAY TAKE PLACE OR BE PRODUCED IN THE NATURE, ORDER, PROPORTIONS, OR QUANTITIES OF THE COMPONENT PARTS OR INGREDIENTS OF THE SAME
Year: 1809

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANTHONY
GEORGE ECKHARDT, of Berwick Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, and Member of the Royal Society of London and of the Society
of Haarlam in Holland, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, in and by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-eighth day of January last, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, did give and grant unto me, the said Anthony George Eckhardt,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, His special licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Anthony George Eckhardt, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and
themselves, or by my or their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such
others as I, the said Anthony George Eckhardt, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A METHOD OR METHODS OP CASTING
METALLIC AND OTHER BODIES, TOGETHER OR ELPARATELY, IN MOULDS, IN THE STATE OF
FLUIDITY OR SOFTNESS, IN ORDER THAT THE SAID BODIES MAY PRESERVE THE FIGURES
THUS OBTAINED WHEN THEY SHALL AFTERWARDS BECOME SOLID OR CONSISTENT, BY
COOLING, OR BY ANY CHEMICAL OR OTHER CHARGE WHICH SHALL OR MAY TAKE PLACE OR
BE PRODUCED IN THE NATURE, ORDER, PROPORTIONS, OR QUANTITIES OF THE COMPONENT
PARTS OR INGREDIENTS OF THE SAME;" in which said Letters Patent there is

page_text: contained a proviso obliging me, the said Anthony George Eckhardt, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within one calendar month next and immediately after the
date of the said recited Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Anthony Eckhardt, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained as follows (that is to say) :-
Instead of placing my moulds for casting metallic or other bodies upon a
motionless or quiescent support, I do connect or fix the same with or to such
fit machinery or apparatus as shall produce a motion or motions of rotation or
revolution, or one or more of such motions, in the said mould or moulds, during
the time in which the said metallic or other bodies may or shall pass from the
fluid to the solid or consistent state; and in order that the said method or
methods, and the application and use thereof, may be more clearly understood,
I have hereunto annexed certain Drawings in explanation of the same.
Fig. 1 represents a mould standing upright, and capable of moving or
revolving on pivots, spindles, or centres, either at the moment the fluid sub-
stance is poured into the mould, or before the same shall be so poured. The
centrifugal force of the rotation causes the fluid to press against the interior
surface, and renders the cast more perfect and neat. Fig. 2 represents a
cylindrical mould placed in an inclined position, and capable of revolving upon
its axis or spindle for the like purposes; and in this, as well as in every other
application of my said method, if the quantity of metallic or other body
made use of be not sufficient to fill the mould the said body will recede from
the axis of rotation, and leave a cavity or perforation within the said mould."
Fig. 3 represents a cylindrical mould; to be turned horizontally upon the axis
of its figure. By this mode of operation, if the mould be not filled, a cylindrical
tube of uniform thickness will be cast; and in the same manner, by altering
the form of the mould, column, and other articles may be cast hollow and of
any desired strength or thickness. Figs. A, B, C, exhibit moulds of different
forms. Fig. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, represent moulds of which the revolutions are
performed at a distance from or out of the axis. The said moulds may be of
various forms, and the axis and other parts may have various dimensions and
positions, and the action which may be conceived to take place in the appa-
ratus here delineated is of use to direct the pressure of the included fluid
material to all such part or parts of the mould as may be required. Fig. 10,

page_text: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, represent moulds which perform revolutions with regard to
a fixed axis, and at the same time the moulds themselves are made to perform
rotation, which will be readily understood from the Figures, in all which the
letter A represents a motionless or dead wheel or pulley connected with B,
another wheel or pulley carrying or driving the mould round; and the said
moulds, with their relative positions or motions, as well as the figures thereof,
are also susceptible of much variation according to the effects intended to be
produced. And I do further declare that in some cases where the same may
be advantageous in casting cylindrical pipes with a core, I do cause the core
to perform a rotation by the means herein last described (or by other fit and
obvious means) instead of the mould itself, or otherwise along with the said
mould. Fig. 16 shows the method of casting a hollow globe or other figuro
by double rotation, as in Figure 15, the two axes crossing in the centre of the
mould. Fig. 17 is a cylinder having grooves longitudinally made in its inner
surface, in order that the same, being duly charged, may cast bars or strait
pieces; and Fig. 18 is a like cylinder, grooved circularly to cast rings or hoops.
And lastly I do declare that I have not thought it needful to exemplify or
explain my said method or methods by any other Figures or elucidations, foras-
much as the same may without difficulty be carried into effect in all the various
and needful forms of the moulds and of the machinery, from the instructions
berein-before contained, by any person of competent skill to be intrusted with
works of this or the like nature.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-
eighth day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
lundued and ning