Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Feb., 1887
Complete Left, 14th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 27th Dec., 1887
We FREDERICK NOEL MACKAY of Oakwood Kings Lynn in the County of Norfolk,
Engineer, and ADOLPH GOTHARD CHRISTIANSEN of Holyrood Villa Peckham in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Our invention relates to means and apparatus whereby refrigeration or lowering of
temperature is secured by the evaporation of a solution of liquid ammonia, the
separation of the ammonia from the water, the liquifaction of the ammonia gas, the
expansion into gas of the liquid ammonia, and the absorption of the ammonia
gas and the re-evaporation of the same for the production of ice and for other
purposes.
The general arrangement, connection and functions of the various parts,
constituting the complete apparatus are similar to those heretofore in use. The main
objects of our invention being to so improve the construction and action of various
parts that increased refrigerating effect is obtained from a given consumption of fuel,
durability and efficiency is increased, loss of heat and ammonia diminished and more
regular and steady action obtained.
The first part of our invention relates to the means of separating ammonia in the
gaseous form from weak ammoniacal liquor in which it is absorbed and consists
(a) In boiling in stages the ammoniacal liquor, within the same boiler. (b) In
effecting the same by constructing the said boiler, with an internal heating chamber,
into which the weak liquor flows before passing into the main body of liquor in the
said boiler. (c) In heating the weak ammoniacal liquor within the boiler by means
of pipes immersed in or in contact with the said liquor and heated internally by
steam when the said pipes are provided with external rings, flanges, or projections,
fitted or secured thereto.
The second part relates to the construction of apparatus called an Analyser for
separating Ammonia in the gaseous form, from strong Ammoniacal liquor in which it
is absorbed and consists (a) In constructing the said apparatus of a chamber having
horizontal superposed spirally corrugated plates provided with ways for the passage
of the liquid from plate to plate downwards alternately at the center and circum-

page_text: ference and with openings at convenient positions for the passage of gas from plate
to plate upwards. (b) In a modification of the above apparatus we fit the interior of
the chamber with uncorrugated plates having cast or fixed on them projections
forming a continuous spiral way for the passage of the liquor over their surfaces, all
with perforations, or openings in the said projections for the passage of the gas.
(c) In a further modification we fit the interior of the chamber with a plane or
corrugated plate forming a continuous spiral way from top to bottom of the chamber
and we fit baffle plates within the said way if desired.-(d.) We fit under a further
modification the said chamber with a series of superposed plates corrugated
concentrically and having each an opening for the passage of liquid downwards and
suitable perforations or openings for the passage of gas upwards.-(e.) In another
modification we place the plates either constructed with corrugations, or projections,
over the other, so as to form a way for the ascending gas between them,
corresponding to the liquor way, for the descending liquid, openings being made at
the termination of the ways for both gas and liquid.
one
Under the third part--We combine within one chamber an ammoniacal liquor
boiler under the first part of our invention with an Analyser; or an Analyser under
the second part of our invention, with an ammoniacal liquor boiler. Or both
Analyser and boiler may be constructed in accordance with our invention.
The fourth part relates to apparatus called a rectifier which consists of a coil or
coils, through which the mixed Ammoniacal gas and water vapors evolved from the
boiler and Analyser flow, and which we so connect, at the termination of the said coil
or coils, to each other and to the condenser, that the gas takes an upward direction
while the liquid takes a downward course.
The fifth part relates to the construction of rectifying apparatus and consists.
(a) In constructing the said apparatus of a coil or coils, through which the mixed
Ammoniacal gas and water vapor flow together, so that at their terminations, the gas
takes an upward direction, while the liquid condensed in the coil or coils, takes a
downward course. (b) In constructing liquid traps fitted to the said coils so as to
effectually separate the course of the gas from that of the liquid and through which
the gas passes off in an upward direction, while the liquid is arrested and runs away
in the reverse direction-(e) In so constructing and arranging the said apparatus as
here set forth, that the surface of the coils may be maintained at any desired
temperature.
The sixth part consists under certain modifications of our invention, in interposing
between the rectifier and Analyser a pump, or pumps for forcing into the Analyser
the condensed liquor separated from the Ammonical gas in the rectifier.
The seventh part relates to condensers or apparatus for liquifying Ammoniacal gas
and consists (a) in connecting the coils through which the ammonical gas passes, in
such manner that the gaseous Ammonia passes from coil to coil in an upward
direction, whilst the condensed liquid ammonia flows in a downward direction.-
(b) In so connecting the coils that the Ammonia gas and condensed liquid Ammonia
pass in one and the same direction through the same coil, but are at their terminations
made to pass away in different directions, so that the condensed liquid is drained
away at the termination of cach coil, while the gas passes in to the coil imme-
diately following. (c) In constructing multiple coil condensers with a single
throughway.
The eigth part relates to rectifiers and condensers and consists (a) In constructing
rectifiers and condensers of chambers containing coils having all joints outside the
chambers and passing from the interior to the exterior of the chambers through
glands and stuffing boxes, or like devices (b) In dividing the rectifier and condenser
into compartments and providing water inlet and outlet connections so that the
temperature of the water in the various compartments can be regulated independently
of each other.
Under the ninth part we combine an Analyser with a rectifier: When the
Analyser or rectifier, or both are constructed under our invention, so as to form one
apparatus.

page_text: The tenth part relates to apparatus which we call an auxilliary cooler, for
condensing and cooling the Ammonia after it leaves the condenser and before it
enters the vapourizer or refrigerator by means of gaseous Ammonia passing from the
said vapourizer, or refrigerator to the absorber, and consists in constructing such
auxilliary cooler of a chamber containing a coil through which liquid Ammonia
flows and running into a regulator is conducted to the vapourizer or refrigerator.
The Eleventh part relates to vapourizers and refrigerators and consists (a.) In
constructing them of a chamber, through which brine, or liquid to be refrigerated
flows containing tubes in which Ammoniacal gas expands When liquid Ammonia is
admitted into each tube through a perforation, or perforations so arranged and of
such a diameter that the liquid Ammonia is evenly divided amongst the tubes, (b.) In
a modification of the above apparatus the Ammonia expands in the chamber while a
perforated plate distributes the liquid Ammonia entering it, whilst the brine or liquid
to be refrigerated flows through the coils.
The Twelfth part relates to absorbers, or apparatus in which Ammoniacal gas is
absorbed by water and consists (a) constructing such apparatus of corrugated
concentric chamber or chambers forming an annular space cooled on one or more
sides by water and fitted with inlet ways for the gas and weak liquor, (b) In a
modification the absorber consists of a chamber cooled externally by water and
internally by pipes containing water, perforated ways and spray pipes being provided
to bring the Ammoniacal gas and weak liquor into contact, (c) under a further
modification we construct an absorber having internal water pipes arranged one
within the other, inside of pipes containing the gas to be absorbed and constructed in
single, or a series of pipes.
The Thirteenth part relates to pumps for forcing the strong Ammoniacal liquor
from the absorber to the Analyser, and the invention consists (a). In constructing
such pumps with spaces between stuffing boxes, or otherwise so disposed and
connected that the suction to the pumps is connected to the said chamber so that the
Ammonia liquor from the absorber to the pump may pass through the said spaces.
(b) In constructing the said pumps, with pump barrels connected to a centric
chamber through which the crank shaft passes and to which the suction pipes are
connected and in so arranging the delivery valves that the suction valve can be
withdrawn from the exterior by the removal of a cover and that stuffing boxes round
the rods or plungers are dispensed with-In constructing the said chambers in
Ammonia pumps and connecting them with that part of the absorber, or Exchanger,
that contains cold weak liquor.
The fourteenth part relates to apparatus called an exchanger for heating the strong
Ammoniacal liquor proceeding from the absorber to the analyser and at the same
time cooling the weak Ammoniacal liquor flowing from the boiler to the absorber and
consists (a). In causing the said liquors to flow in opposite directions through spaces
and over surfaces of equal, or nearly equal area divided from each other by metallic
walls. (b) In constructing such apparatus of a spiral metallic coil containing a
second spiral metallic coil, the cross section of the way through the internal coil
being equal in area to the annular space between the two coils By Spiral coils we
mean coils of uniform pitch and diameter throughout.
EL LI J
Jam 1007
JAMES JOHNSON,
Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means and Apparatus for Effecting Refrigeration.
We FREDERICK NOEL MACKAY, of Oakwood, King's Lynn, in the county of
Norfolk, Engineer, and ADOLPH GOTHARD CHRISTIANSEN of Holyrood Villa,
Peckham in the county of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
The first part of our invention relates to means for separating ammonia in the
gaseous form from weak ammoniacal liquor in which it is absorbed and consists
(a) In boiling in stages the ammoniacal liquor within the same boiler.
(b) In effecting the same by constructing the said boiler with an internal heating
chamber into which the weak liquor flows before passing into the main body of liquor
in the said boiler.
(c) In heating the weak ammoniacal liquor within the boiler by means of pipes
immersed in or in contact with the said liquor and heated internally by steam when
the said pipes are provided with external rings flanges or projections fitted or secured
thereto.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section and fig. 2 a horizontal section of an ammonia boiler
under the above first part of our invention. 1. main body of boiler 2. cover
3 internal heating chamber 4. inlet for weak liquor to the chamber 3. 5. outlet for
exhausted liquor from the boiler 1. 6 ammoniacal gas outlet-7 steam inlet leading
to coils of pipes. 8. surrounding the internal chamber 3. 9 steam outlets. 10 external
rings flanges or projections on the coils 8. 11 openings for guage glass.
The action of the above apparatus is as follows-Weak ammoniacal liquor from the
analyser enters the chamber 3 through the way 4 and owing to the heat of the
boiler gives off ammoniacal gas, the liquor then flows into the main body of the boiler
where it comes into contact with the steam coils 8 and where practically the residue
of absorbed ammoniacal gas is given off-The exhausted liquor passes through the
way 5 to the absorber. The ammoniacal gas evolved from the weak liquor in the boiler
passes by the way 6 into the analyser-The necessary temperature is maintained in
the boiler by means of steam admitted into the coils 8 and radiation of heat from the
steam to the liquor is facilitated by the large surfaces of contact afforded by the rings
flanges or projections 10.
The second part relates to the construction of apparatus called an Analyser for
separating Ammonia in the gaseous form from strong ammoniacal liquor in which it is
absorbed and consists (a) In constructing the said apparatus of a chamber having hori-
zontal superposed spirally corrugated plates provided with ways for the passage of the
liquid from plate to plate downwards alternately at the centre and circumference and
with openings in convenient position for the passage of gas from plate to plate
upwards (6) In a modification of the above apparatus we fit the interior of the Chamber
with uncorrugated plates having cast or fixed on them projections forming a con-
tinuous spiral way for the passage of the liquor over their surface and with
perforations or openings in the said projections for the passage of the gas. (c) In a

page_text: further modification we fit the interior of the chamber with a plane or corrugated
plate forming a continuous spiral way from top to bottom of the chamber and we fit
baffle plates within the said way if desired (d) we fit under a further modification
the said chamber with a series of superposed plates corrugated concentrically and
having each an opening for the passage of liquid downwards and suitable perforations
or openings for the passage of gas upwards (e) In another modification we place the
plates either constructed with corrugations or projections one over the other so as to
form a way for the ascending gas between them corresponding to the liquor way for
the descending liquid, openings being made at the termination of the ways for both
gas and liquid.
Fig. 3 is a view part in elevation and part in vertical section and fig. 4 a plan of
apparatus under division (a) of the second part of our invention 12 are plates con-
structed to fit one on to the other within a chamber to form an analyser, 13 are spiral
corrugations along the bottoms of which the strong liquor from the absorber
flows 14. 14 are openings alternately at the centre and circumference of the plates
through which the liquid flows from plate to plate downwards-15 are perforations
in the upper ridge of the corrugations through which the gas passes from plate to
plate upwards-16 are projections in the circumference of the plates to retain them
in central position within the walls 17 of the analyser chamber. Instead of corru-
gating the plates they may under division (6) have cast or fixed on them spiral
projections as shown at 13x fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a vertical section of an analyser under
division (c) where a plate 12 forms a continuous spiral way from the top to the
bottom of the chamber 17 two or more pieces of metal may be used to form the plate-
Fig. 6 is a plan and Fig. 7 a section through a, b of an analyser plate under
division (d) here the plates 12 have concentric corrugations 13. 14 are openings for
the passage of liquor downwards and 15 openings for the passage of gas upwards.
Fig. 8 is a plan and Fig. 9 an elevation of a plate under division (e) 12 plate,
18 projections, 14 liquid openings 15 gas openings.
Under the third part we combine within one chamber an ammoniacal liquor boiler
under the first part of our invention with an Analyser, or an analyser under the
second part of our invention with an ammoniacal liquor boiler or both analyser and
boiler may be constructed in accordance with our invention.
Fig. 10 is an elevation of apparatus in which an ammonia boiler 1 such as that
described in figs. 1 and 2 and analyser 17 such as those described in figs. 3 to 9 are
combined in one chamber.
The fourth part relates to apparatus called a rectifier which consists of a coil or
coils, through which the mixed ammoniacal gas and water vapour evolved from the
boiler and analyser flow which we so connect at the termination or terminations of the
said coil or coils to the analyser and to the condenser that the gas takes an upward
direction while the liquor takes a downward course.
The fifth part relates to the construction of rectifying apparatus and consists
(a) In constructing the said apparatus of a coil or coils, through which the mixed
ammoniacal gas and water vapour flow together, so that at their termination or
terminations the gas takes an upward direction while the liquid condensed in the coil
or coils takes a downward course (6) In constructing liquid traps, fitted to the said
coils so as to effectually separate the course of the gas from that of the liquid through
which the gas passes off in an upward direction while the liquid is arrested and runs
away in the reverse direction (c) In so constructing and arranging the said apparatus
as herein set forth that the surface of the coils may be maintained at any desired
temperature.
The sixth part consists under certain modifications of our invention in interposing
between the rectifier and analyser a pump or pumps for forcing into the analyser the
condensed liquid separated from the ammoniacal gas in the rectifier.
The seventh part relates to condensers or apparatus for liquifying ammoniacal gas
and consists (a) in connecting the coils through which the ammoniacal gas passes in
such manner that the gaseous animonia passes from coil to coil in an upward direc-
tion whilst the condensed liquid ammonia flows in a downward direction (b) in so
connecting the coils that the ammonia gas and condensed liquid ammonia pass in one

page_text: and the same direction through the same coil but are at their terminations made to
pass away in different directions so that the condensed liquid is drained away at the
termination of each coil while the gas passes on to the coil immediately following
(c) In constructing multiple coil condensers with a single through way.
The eighth part relates to rectifiers and condensors and consists (a) in constructing
rectifiers and condensors of chambers containing coils having all joints outside the
chambers and passing from the interior to the exterior of the Chambers through
glands and stuffing boxes or like devices (b) in dividing the rectifier and condensers
into compartments and providing water inlet and outlet connections so that the
temperature of the water in the various compartments can be regulated independently
of each other.
Figure 10 is a view part in elevation and part in section of apparatus under the
fourth fifth sixth seventh and eighth parts of our invention 18 coil connected at one
end with the analyser 17, the other end of the coil is connected to a down pipe 19
leading to the analyser 17 and with an uptake 20 leading to the Condensor, 21 is a
pump for forcing the liquor flowing down the pipe 19 into the analyser 17 This
pump is only required when it is desired to keep the apparatus of limited height and
the outflow pipe 19 at a lower level than the inlet to the analyser. 22 22× condensor
coils, the coil 22 opens into a down pipe 23 connected to the condensed ammonia
pipe 24 and to an uptake 25 leading to the coil 22*. It will be observed that in this
condensor the ammoniacal gas and condensed Ammonia travel through the coils in the
same direction the condensed liquid being separated from the gas at the termination
of each coil. 26 chamber containing the rectifier and condensor. 27 stuffing boxes
for allowing the pipes to be placed in position when all joints are made outside the
said chamber as shown. 28 partitions dividing the chamber 26 into compartments
28* agitater.
Water inlet and outlet ways (not shewn in the drawings) of any usual or desired
form are provided for each compartment so that the temperature of each compartment
may be regulated independently of the other. The uptake 25 may be connected to
the bottom instead of to the top of the coil 22× in this case the uncondensed gas
would ascend through 22× whilst the condensed liquid was running down.
Figures 11 12 13 and 14 are sectional views of apparatus under the fifth head division (b)
for separating strong liquid from ammoniacal gas in rectifiers they may also be used
for the separation of liquid and gaseous ammonia in condensers 29 inlet for gas and
liquid 30 outflow for liquid 31 outlet for gas.
C
Figure 15 illustrates a modification of a condensor under division (c) of the seventh
part of our invention here four coils 22 22" 22" 22° are superposed and connected by
traps 29 so as to form a single through way and so that as the ammonia is condensed
it passes into the pipe 30 whilst the uncondensed gas flows on through the next coil.
Under the ninth part we combine an analyser with a rectifier when the analyser or
rectifier or both are constructed under our invention so as to form one apparatus.
This part of the invention is shown in figure 24 illustrating complete apparatus
under our invention here is the analyser and c rectifier. The rectifier may be com-
bined with an analyser and boiler as shown in figure 10. The tenth part relates to
apparatus which we call an auxiliary cooler for condensing and cooling the ammonia
after it leaves the condensor and before it enters the vapourizer or refrigerator by
means of gaseous ammonia passing from the said vapourizer or refrigerator to the
absorber and consists in constructing such auxiliary cooler of a chamber containing a
coil through which liquid ammonia Hows into a regulator from which it is conducted
to the vapourizer or refrigerator. In this way the liquid ammonia is kept under
pressure until it enters the vapourizer.
Figure 16 is a vertical section of apparatus under the tenth part, 32 chamber
through which gaseous ammonia from the vapourizer passes to the absorber 33 inlet
for the gaseous ammonia 34 outlet 35 coil in the chamber 32 through which liquid
ammonia flows from the condensor to the regulator 36.
The regulator contains a ball 37 which floats in the liquid ammonia and actuates the
valve 38 through the lever 39. 40 gauge glass 41 way leading from the regulator
to, the vapourizer.,

page_text: The eleventh part relates to vapourizers and refrigerators and consists (a) In con-
structing them of a Chamber through which brine or liquid to be refrigerated flows
containing tubes in which ammoniacal gas expands when liquid ammonia is admitted
into each tube through a perforation or perforations so arranged and of such a
diameter that the liquid ammonia is evenly divided amongst the tubes. (b) In a
modification of the above apparatus the ammonia expands in the chamber while
a perforated tube or plate distributes the liquid ammonia entering it. The brine or
liquid to be refrigerated flows through the coils.
Figure 17 is a vertical section of a vapourizer under division (a) of the eleventh
part of our invention 42 chamber through which brine to be refrigerated flows
43 inlet 44 outlet 45 liquid ammonia inlet 46 small perforations leading from the
inlet 45 to the tubes 47 here formed into coils. 48 expansion chamber at the outlet
end of the coils 47. 49 ammonia outlet. Instead of the brine flowing through the
chamber it might be caused to flow through coils therein the ammonia would then be
admitted into the chamber through a perforated pipe or plate 43* as set forth in
division (b) of the above head. The expansion chamber 48 would not then be used
and the coils would have full bore openings at the ends, the top of the chamber would
be closed & fitted with a pipe 49.
is
The twelfth part relates to absorbers or apparatus in which ammoniacal gas
absorbed by water and consists (a) In constructing such apparatus of a corrugated
concentric chamber or chambers forming an annular space cooled on one or more
sides by water and made with inlet ways for the gas and weak liquor and an outlet for
the strong liquor, (b) In a modification the absorber consists of a chamber cooled
externally by water and internally by pipes containing water perforated ways and
spray pipes being provided to bring the ammoniacal gas and weak liquor into contact
(c) under a further modification we construct an absorber having internal water pipes
arranged one within the other inside of pipes containing the gas to be absorbed and
constructed singly or as a series of pipes.
Figure 18 is a vertical section of an absorber under division (a) of the twelfth part
of our Invention 50 casing 51 51× corrugated concentric chambers. 52 water
inlet 53 58 water overflow pipes. 54 inlet and distributor for exhaust liquor from
the Ammonia Boiler 55 inlet for ammonia gas from the vapourizer. 56 outlet for
strong liquor.
Figure 19 is a vertical section of an absorber under division (b) 57 are tubular
chambers connected at alternate ends by necks 58, 59 water supply for external
cooling, 60 tank, 52 water supply for internal cooling by means of coils 61, 54 inlet
and perforated pipe for exhaust liquor from the ammonia boiler, 55 gas inlet, 56 strong
liquor outlet.
Figure 20 is a vertical section of an absorber under division (c) This absorber
consists of a series of tubular chambers 57 cast together and closed at their ends by
covers 62. 62× The cover 62* has ways 63 which communicate with tubes 64. 65
within the chambers 57, 52 water inlet to the ways 63, 53 over flow from the ways 63,
54 inlet and perforated pipe for exhausted liquor from the ammonia boiler.
55 ammonia gas inlet from the vapourizer. 56 strong liquor exit. Water enters
through the inlet 52 flows through the pipes 64. 65 and then overflows down the
outside of the chambers 57 into the tank 60.
The thirteenth part relates to pumps for forcing the strong ammoniacal liquor from
the absorber to the analyser. And the invention consists (a) In constructing such
pumps with spaces between stuffing boxes or otherwise so disposed and connected that
the strong ammonia liquor from the absorber passes through the said spaces to the
pumps (b) In constructing the said pumps with barrels connected to a centre chamber
through which the crank shaft passes and into which the suction pipe opens and in so
arranging the delivery valves that they can be withdrawn on removal of the covers.
Stuffing boxes round the rods or plungers are dispensed with (c) In constructing
chambers in ammonia pumps substantially as above set forth and connecting them
with that part of the absorber or Exchanger that contains cold weak liquor.
Fig. 21 is a view part in elevation of a pump under division (a) of the thirteenth
head of our invention 67 pump barrel and plunger of any usual construction

page_text: 68 chamber between stuffing boxes 69. 69× 70 inlet from absorber to the chamber 68.
71 passage from the chamber 68 to the suction way, 72 discharge way.
Fig. 22 is a view partly in section and partly in elevation of a pump under division (b)
68 Central Chamber. 70 suction pipe. 72 exhaust pipes. 73 pistons fitted with
discharge valves 74 75 covers. It will be observed that the valves can be withdrawn
through the covers 75.
The fourteenth part relates to apparatus called an exchanger for heating the strong
ammoniacal liquor proceeding from the absorber to the analyser and at the same time
cooling the weak ammoniacal liquor flowing from the boiler to the absorber and
consists (a) In causing the said liquors to flow in opposite directions through spaces
and over surfaces of equal or nearly equal area divided from each other by metallic
walls (b) In constructing such apparatus of a spiral metallic coil containing a second
spiral metallic coil, the cross section of the way through the internal coil being equal
in area to the annular space between the two coils. By spiral coils we mean coils of
uniform pitch and diameter throughout.
I
Fig. 23 is an elevation of an exchanger under the above fourteenth head 76. 77 are
two spiral metal coils one within the other finished at each end with connections 78, 79.
Fig. 24 is an elevation of the various parts of our apparatus combined to make a
complete refrigerating machine. a is the ammonia boiler first part, the analyser
second part the rectifier fourth part d the condenser seventh part e the auxiliary
cooler tenth part the vapourizer eleventh part, the absorber twelfth part. h the pump
thirteenth part, the exchanger fourteenth part. In addition to the above parts there
is a steam generator not shewn for supplying steam to heat the boiler a for giving
motion to an engine, for actuating the pump h and for circulating brine through the
vapourizer, pipe leading from the steam generator to the ammonia boiler / steam and
other shut off valves. steam exhaust pipes from ammonia boiler. m guage glasses
on boiler a and cooler e. n way for ammoniacal gas from the boiler a to the analyser b.
o way for ammoniacal gas from the analyser b to the rectifier c, p way for ammoniacal
gas from the rectifier c to the condenser d. pipe for liquor from the rectifier c to
the analyser, pipe for liquid ammonia from the condenser d to the auxiliary
cooler and regulator e, s pipe for liquid ammonia from the cooler e to the vapourizer,
t way for ammonia gas from the vapourizer to the cooler e. u pipe for ammonia
gas from the cooler to the absorber g. pipe for exhausted liquor from the ammonia
boiler to the exchanger w pipe from the exchanger i to the absorber g. pipe for
strong liquor from absorber g to stuffing box of the pump h from the stuffing box
of the said pump to the suction way, and from the discharge way to the exchanger i.
pipe for strong liquor from the exchanger to the analyser b. pipe for weak
liquor from the analyser to the boiler a. 1. Water circulation pipes. 2. pipes for
the circulation of brine through the vapourizer.
Strong liquor drawn by the pump is forced up through the exterior pipe of the
exchanger into the analyser through which it runs from plate to plate until it passes
reduced in strength into the ammonia boiler a here the remainder of the ammoniacal
gas is drawn off by steam heat and passes by the way n into the analyser where
it rises through ways in the plates and imparts heat to the strong liquid flowing
down so as to deprive it of a large quantity of the ammoniacal gas absorbed. The
liquor reduced in strength passes into the boiler a as before mentioned. The gas
rising up through the analyser passes by the pipe o into the rectifier where it is
cooled so as to condense and separate water vapour therefrom the condensed
water with its absorbed ammonia flows by the pipe q back into the analyser.
When the rectifier is on the same level as the analyser a pump as described
and illustrated under the sixth part is used to force into the analyser the
liquor flowing from the rectifier. The ammoniacal gas freed from water vapour
passes by the pipe p through the condenser d where it is liquified the liquified
ammonial gas flows by the pipe r from the condenser through a coil in the cooler e
into the regulator from the regulator it is admitted directly into the vapourizer f
where it is allowed to expand into vapour or gas and take heat from the brine circulating
therethrough. The vapourized ammonia passes by the way t into the cooler e around
the coil of liquid ammonia and reduces the temperature of the said liquid ammonia

page_text: efore it enters the vapourizer from the cooler the vapourized ammonia passes by the
ipe u into the absorber g. The heated liquor in the ammonia boiler from which
ractically all the ammonia gas has been driven off flows by the pipe v through the
terior coil of the exchanger i and imparts heat to the strong liquor passing from
e pump h to the analyser, the said exhausted liquor reduced in temperature then
ows through the pipe u into the absorber g where it meets with the ammoniacal
as from the vapourizer and absorbtion of the said gas ensuing a strong liquor is
rmed which passes to the pump h as before stated. The rectifier condenser and
bsorber are kept cool by the circulation of water through the pipes 1.
It will be readily understood that the construction of the various appliances under
ur invention may be modified within certain limits to suit circumstances and
onvenience in manufacture and that we do not confine ourselves to the precise
etails.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
on and in what manner the same is to he performed we declare that what we
aim is
First. (a) Separating ammoniacal gas from liquor in which it is absorbed by boiling
the said liquor in stages within the same boiler.
(6) Constructing boilers for weak ammoniacal liquor with an internal heating
chamber for the purpose set forth.
(c) Heating weak liquor in ammonia boilers by means of pipes heated by steam
when the said pipes are provided with external rings flanges or projections.
Second. (a) Analysers consisting of a chamber containing superposed, spirally
corrugated plates provided with perforations or openings for the purposes set
forth.
(6) Analysers consisting of a chamber containing superposed plates having
spiral projections and perforations or openings for the purposes set forth.
(c) Analysers with a plate forming a continuous spiral way substantially as set
forth.
(d) Analysers consisting of a chamber containing superposed concentrically
corrugated plates having perforations or openings for the purposes set forth.
(e) Analysers consisting of a chamber containing superposed plates having corru-
gations or projections and openings substantially in the manner and for the
purposes set forth.
Third. The combination within one chamber of an ammonical liquor boiler and
nalyser substantially as set forth.
Fourth. Rectifiers consisting of a coil or coils so connected to the analyser and
ondenser that the gas takes an upward direction and the liquid a downward
irection.
Fifth. (a) Constructing rectifiers of a coil or coils in such manner that the gas takes
an upward direction and the liquid a downward direction substantially as set
forth.
(b) Constructing liquid traps substantially as described and illustrated in connec-
tion with figures 11 12, 13 and 14 for the purposes set forth.
(c) Constructing rectifiers under our invention in compartiments the temperature
of each of which may be separately regulated.
Sixth. The pump 21 fig. 10 between the rectifier and analyser for the purpose set
rth.
Seventh. (a) Condeners consisting of coils so connected that gaseous ammonia
passes from coil to coil in an upward direction whilst liquid ammonia flows in
a downward direction.
(b) Condensers consisting of coils so connected that ammonical gas and condensed
ammonia flow in the same direction through the coils and that the condensed
liquid is drawn off substantially as set forth.
(c) Constructing multiple coil condensers with a single through way substantially
as set forth.

page_text: Eighth. (a) Rectifiers and condensers of chambers containing coils in which all
the joints are outside.
(b) Dividing rectifiers and condensers into compartments and regulating the
temperature of each independently.
Ninth. The combination of an analyser and rectifier substantially as set forth.
Tenth. An auxiliary cooler consisting of a chamber coil and regulator provided
ith connections substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Eleventh. (a) Vapourizers and refrigerators in which brine flows through a chamber
whilst liquid ammonia expands through small perforations into tubes contained
in the said chamber.
(b) Vapourizers in which brine flows through a coil or coils and liquid ammonia
expands through a perforated pipe or plate into a chamber surrounding the
coil or coils.
Twelfth. (a) Absorbers of concentric corrugated chambers substantially as
forth.
set
(b) Absorbers cooled externally and internally substantially as described and
illustrated in connection with figures 19 and 20.
Thirteenth. (a) Constructing pumps with a chamber through which ammonia liquor
from the absorber passes substantially as set forth.
(b) Constructing pumps with a central chamber substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
(c) Constructing pumps with chambers connected to the absorber or exchanger
substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
Fourteenth. (a) Causing ammonical liquor from the absorber to cool ammonical
liquor from the boiler substantially as set forth.
(b) Exchangers consisting of spiral coils one within the other substantially as
set forth.
Fifteenth. Apparatus for refrigerating constructed combined and operating sub-
antially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
Data Namba 1041 1007
JAMES JOHNSON,
Agent.