IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR WORKING THE POINTS, SIGNALS, AND LEVEL CROSSING GATES OF RAILWAYS IN CONNECTION WITH LOCKING APPARATUS OR OTHERWISE.
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Telford Dutton, of the City of Worcester,
Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MECHANISM FOR WORKING THE POINTS, SIGNALS, AND LEVEL CROSSING GATES
OF RAILWAYS IN CONNECTION WITH LOCKING APPARATUS OR OTHERWISE.
"

page_text: working of the points or gates or stops, and others of the said levers
effecting the working of the signals.
The object of my Invention is to make one lever and one set of con-
nections do more than the ordinary single duty, and thus by reducing
the number of levers and connections, which at present are necessarily
of a complicated character, simplify both the construction and working
of such mechanism, and greatly reduce the cost thereof.
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of
the said mechanism in the manner herein-after described, whereby the
motion of one lever through a certain angle is made to work the points,
or gates, or stops, and the further motion of the said lever and con-
nections is made to work the signal or another set of points, as may be
required. The same lever being moved in the opposite direction may be
made to work the signal indicating the position of the points, and then
to reverse the position of the points, and in the case of gates also to
work the stops of the gates.
I will describe my Invention first in its application to points and
signals.
Where by the motion of one hand lever the working of the points
and the working of the signal is to be effected I construct and arrange
the parts in the following manner:-The hand lever is made by
suitable connections to communicate a sliding motion to a horizontal open
bar sliding or working in fixed guides. This open bar carries between its
inner faces a fixed block or tappet. A cranked lever connected with the
points has one of its ends forked, the said forked end entering the open
bar and engaging with the said block or tappet. When the hand lever
is moved by the pointsman, the said open bar is made to slide, and its
block or tappet being engaged in the fork of the cranked lever the said
cranked lever is moved, and the points brought to the required position.
When however this has been done the changed position of the cranked
lever permits the tappet to escape out of the fork of the cranked lever,
and the further motion of the bar acts upon the signal. The said further
motion of the bar however does not release the cranked lever, as that end
of the fork over which the tappet passes is so shaped that the tappet in its
motion continues to press upon it, and thereby to hold the points in a
their position. By reversing the motion of the hand lever the reverse
actions take place, that is, the signal is first reversed, and by the con-
tinued motion of the sliding bar the points are reversed.

page_text: The manner in which the sliding bar acts upon the signal is as follows:
-The said sliding bar is connected with a second sliding bar at or near
the signal by means of connecting rods or chains, or other connections.
This second sliding bar has a tappet, which acts upon the signal in the
following manner:-The cranked lever working the signal terminates in
a fork, one arm of which fork, when the signal is in its normal position
is at such a level that the said tappet bears against its under side and
fixes its position, the said tappet being capable of sliding along while
thus fixing the position of the said arm. When however by the sliding
of the bar the tappet is carried from under the arm described, it is
brought against the other arm of the said fork, which projects lower than
the first described arm, and the tappet by coming in contact with the
said projecting arm of the fork moves the cranked lever, and works the
signal. The return motion of the bar restores the signal to its original
position. When it is wished that the hand lever shall operate upon a
signal by motion in the latter portion of its path in either direction,
then both arms of the cranked lever by which the points are worked
are constructed in the manner herein-after described, so that the
tappet can escape over either end of the fork, and work one signal
when the hand lever is worked in one direction, and after the points
have been reversed another signal when it is worked in the opposite.
direction. When two sets of points are to be worked in succession by
one lever and one set of connections, the lever will make a first and
second movement both in the same direction, the first movement work-
ing one set of points, and the further movement the second set of points,
forked cranks similar to those already described being fixed on the
ground at the points for the purposes before explained.
wished to work two sets of points in succession by two levers, but with
one run of connections, two of the tappets described are fixed in the
hollow sliding bar, and two forked cranks similar to the cranked levers
described are employed in connection with the said tappets respectively.
The cranks work in the same direction but successively. The crank
which is to move first has a short preliminary motion to cause it to
engage with the tappet to give motion to the sliding bar to move the
first set of points, and bring the second tappet within range of the
second crank, which has a like motion to the first, the second motion
causing the tappet to escape from the first crank but not to release it.
Cranks with similar forked ends as described are required in addition to
When it is

page_text: the foregoing and to be fixed on the ground at the points. When two
sets of points are to be worked by one run of connections, so that one
set of points only may be moved or opened at a time, the arrangement
last described is modified by fixing the tappets at a greater distance
apart, the cranks working in contrary directions but only one at a time.
The hand levers are provided with double spring handle catches and
quadrants, which limit the two or three motions (as the case may be)
within certain angles, one of the spring handle catches being used for
the ordinary motion (as for working the points), the other for the
further motions of the lever forward or backward for working the signal
or additional points.
In applying my Invention to the working of level crossing gates,
instead of employing a hand lever for each operation I fix at the top
of the acting lever a quadrant rack, and work the same by means of a
hand wheel and pinion on the axis of the hand wheel gearing with the
said quadrant rack. The said hand wheel and pinion are provided with a
clutch arrangement for disengaging the gate gear, and continuing the
motion of the hand wheel through other wheels then engaged for the
purpose of moving the gate stops or fastenings, such stops or fastenings
being moved by the hand wheel alternately before and after as well as
during a certain part of the travel of the gates. The stops for the gates
are worked by two sliding bars, portions of which are formed into racks
on their upper sides. The racked portions of the bars engage with
racked quadrants on the under side of the stops. By the motion of
the said bars the racked parts raise or lower the stops at the required
times, and the plain portions of the bars fix the stops in the raised
or lowered positions to which they may have been brought by the
racked portions of the bars.
My Invention may be applied to mechanism already existing on
railways for working the points, signals, and level crossing gates,
whether the said existing mechanism contains or does not contain the
ordinary locking apparatus.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Telford Dutton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th February 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
TELFORD DUTTON, of the City of Worcester, Mechanical Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Samuel Telford Dutton, Her special
licence that I, the said Samuel Telford Dutton, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Telford
Dutton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR WORKING THE POINTS, SIGNALS, AND
LEVEL CROSSING GATES OF RAILWAYS IN CONNECTION WITH LOCKING APPARATUS OR
OTHERWISE,” upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel
Telford Dutton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,.
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same.
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months.
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Telford Dutton,, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same.
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The mechanism ordinarily employed for working the points,, signals,
and level crossing gates, and stops connected therewith of railways, is
actuated by a series of levers, some of the said levers effecting the
working of the points, or gates, or stops, and others of the said levers
effecting the working of the signals.

page_text: The object of my Invention is to make one lever and one set of
connections do more than the ordinary single duty, and thus by reducing
the number of levers and connections, which at present are necessarily
of a complicated character, simplify both the construction and working
of such mechanism and greatly reduce the cost thereof.
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of
the said mechanism in the manner herein-after described, whereby the
motion of one lever through a certain angle is made to work the points,
or gates, or stops, and the further motion of the said lever and con-
nections is made to work the signal or another set of points, as may be
required. The same lever being moved in the opposite direction may be
made to work the signal indicating the position of the points, and then
to reverse the position of the points, and in the case of gates also to
work the stops of the gates.
I will describe my Invention first in its application to points and
signals.
Where by the motion of one hand lever the working of the points
and the working of the signal is to be effected I construct and arrange
the parts in the following manner :-The hand lever is made by
suitable connections to communicate a sliding motion to a horizontal
bar sliding or working in fixed guides. This bar carries a fixed block or
tappet. A cranked lever connected with the points has one of its ends
forked, the said forked end engaging with the said block or tappet.
When the hand lever is moved by the pointsman the said bar is made
to slide, and its block or tappet being engaged in the fork of the cranked
lever the said cranked lever is moved and the points brought to the
required position. When, however, this has been done the changed.
position of the cranked lever permits the tappet to escape out of the
fork of the cranked lever, and the further motion of the bar acts upon
the signal. The said further motion of the bar however does not release
the cranked lever, as that end of the fork over which the tappet passes
is so shaped that the tappet in its motion continues to press upon it and
thereby to hold the points in their position. By reversing the motion.
of the hand lever the reverse actions take place, that is, the signal is
first reversed, and by the continued motion of the sliding bar the points
are reversed.
The manner in which the sliding bar acts upon the signal is as
follows: The said sliding bar is connected with a second sliding bar

page_text: at or near the signal by means of connecting rods or chains or other
connections. This second sliding bar has a tappet which acts upon the
signal in the following manner :-The lever working the signal ter-
minates in a fork, one arm of which fork when the signal is in its
normal position is so formed that the said tappet slides along its surface
and fixes its position, the said tappet being capable of sliding along
while thus fixing the position of the said arm. When however by the
sliding of the bar the tappet is carried beyond the arm described it is
brought against the other arm of the said fork, which projects lower
than the first described arm, and the tappet by coming in contact with
the said projecting arm of the fork moves the cranked lever and works
the signal. The return motion of the bar restores the signal to its
original position. When it is wished that the hand lever shall operate
upon a signal by motion in the latter portion of its path in either
direction, then both arms of the cranked lever by which the points are
worked are constructed in the manner herein-before described, so that
the tappet can escape over either end of the fork and works one signal
when the hand lever is worked in one direction, and after the points
have been reversed another signal when it is worked in the opposite
direction. When two sets of points are to be worked in succession
by one lever and one set of connections the lever will make a first
and second movement both in the same direction, the first movement
working one set of points, and the further movement the second
set of points, forked cranks similar to those already described being
fixed on the ground at the points for the purposes before explained.
When it is wished to work two sets of points in succession by two
levers, but with one run of connections, two of the tappets described are
fixed on the sliding bar and two forked cranks similar to the cranked
levers described are employed in connection with the said tappets
respectively. The cranks work in the same directions, but successively.
The crank which is to move first has a short preliminary motion to
cause it to engage with the tappet to give motion to the sliding bar
to move the first set of points and bring the second tappet within
range of the second crank, which has a like motion to the first, the
second motion causing the tappet to escape from the first crank, but
not to release it. Cranks with similar forked ends as described are
required in addition to the foregoing, and to be fixed on the ground at
the points.

page_text: When two sets of points are to be worked by one run of connections
so that one set of points only may be moved or opened at a time, the
arrangement last described is modified by fixing the tappets at a greater
distance apart, the cranks working in contrary directions, but only one
at a time.
The hand levers are provided with double spring handle catches and
quadrants, which limit the two or three motions (as the case may be,)
within certain angles, one of the spring bandle catches being used for
the ordinary motion (as for working the points) and the other for the
further motions of the lever forward or backward for working the signal
or additional points.
In applying my Invention to the working of level crossing gates,
instead of employing a hand lever for each operation I fix at the top of
the acting lever a quadrant rack and work the same by means of a hand
wheel and pinion on the axis of the hand wheel gearing with the said
quadrant rack. The said hand wheel and pinion are provided with a
clutch arrangement for disengaging the gate gear and continuing the
motion of the hand wheel through other wheels then engaged for the
purpose of moving the gate stops or fastenings, such stops or fastenings
being moved by the hand wheel alternately before and after, as well as
during a certain part of the travel of the gates. The stops for the gates
are worked by two sliding bars, portions of which are formed into racks
on their upper sides. The racked portions of the bars engage with
racked quadrants on the under sides of the stops. By the motion of the
said bars the racked parts raise or lower the stops at the required times,
and the plain portions of the bars fix the stops in the raised or lowered
positions to which they may have been brought by the racked portions
of the bars.
My Invention may be applied to mechanism already existing on
railways for working the points, signals, and level crossing gates, a
whether the said existing mechanism contains or does not contain the
ordinary locking apparatus.
Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to
describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in
which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a plan showing a cross-over road leading from a
siding into a main line with outgoing signal for the same, and exhibiting

page_text: my improved arrangement of cranks and slide bars for working the points
and signal by one hand lever and rod.
Figure 2 is an enlarged view of crank and slide bar A on the signal
post, Figure 1, for actuating the signal by the further motion of the
hand lever. In the said Figure 2, a is a portion of the signal post; b is
the lever or crank plate and guide; c is the forked lever or crank; d is
the slide bar; e is the tappet fixed to the sliding bar and engaging in
the fork of the lever or crank c; fis the rod actuated from the hand
lever (not shown), and g is the rod to the signal to be worked. After
the hand lever has effected the required motion of the crossing points
its further motion by drawing down the rod f brings down the tappet e,
which tappet engages with the fork c and brings it and the weighted
lever to the dotted position c², lifting the rod g jointed to the weighted
lever, and thereby causing the arm of the signal to fall. The reverse
motion of the hand lever operates upon the crossing points and signal
in the reverse order to that described, that is, it first effects the raising
of the signal arm, and by its further motion reverses the points.
Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the crank and slide bar B for
actuating the points by the first motion of the hand lever. In the said
Figure 3, 6 is the plate and guide; c is the forked crank; d, the slide
bar; e, the tappet fixed on the slide bar d, and engaged in the fork of
the crank c; fis the rod from the hand lever; and g, the rod to signal.
From the dotted position c² of the forked crank c it will be seen that
the tappet e may slide along the flat end of the fork, as shown at e²,
and while thus having the power of sliding hold the crank c and con-
sequently the points actuated thereby in a firm position while the slide
bar d is actuating the signal.
Figure 4 is a plan of an ordinary junction into a double main line
of railway with the usual junction home signals showing my improved
arrangement when each set of points and its two up or down signals
are worked by one hand lever and rod.
Figure 5 shows the modified form of both ends of the forked or
cranked lever when it is required to cause the hand lever to actuate
alternately the two junction signals before and after the movement of
the points respectively, that is, the motion of one set of points and two
signals. By an examination of the Drawing it will be seen that when
the forked lever is in the position c the tappet e taking the position e²
fixes the forked arm in its position, the rod d having freedom of motion

page_text: so as to operate on one signal; also that when the forked arm e is in
the dotted position c², the points having been previously moved, the
tappet e while travelling from the position e³ to e* fixes the lever in
the dotted position while the rod d by its position actuates the second
signal.
Figure 6 is a plan of a through road from a siding and cross-over
in main line of railway, showing my improved arrangement of slide
bar and cranks for working two sets of cross-over points in succession
by one lever and rod. In the said Figure 6 the points B and B are
worked simultaneously, and the points B2 and B³ are also worked
simultaneously. The first motion of the hand lever actuates the
points B, B¹, and the second motion of the hand lever actuates the
points B and B³ and the reverse.
Figure 7 is a plan of a cross-over in main line and a cross-over from
siding to main line, showing my improved arrangement of cranks and
slide bars for working the points of the cross-overs alternately by one
or two hand levers and one rod. In the said Figure 7 the lines are
shown in their normal positions. By motion of the lever rod from
right to left the siding will be put into communication with the main
up line. By the return motion of the lever rod to the normal position
the siding is disconnected from the main line by the continued motion
of the lever rod from the normal position to the right, the up-and-
down main lines are connected by the cross-over.
Figure 8 is a plan view of the cranks and slide bar for working two
sets of points alternately, but by two hand levers. The parts are
represented in their normal positions. By moving the cranked lever f
into the dotted position the slide bar d is carried into the dotted
position on the left. When it is wished to move the other cranked
lever into the dotted position it is necessary to bring back the
cranked lever f from the dotted to the normal position. By then
moving the cranked lever f² from the normal to the dotted position
the slide bar d is brought into the dotted position g³ on the right.
Figure 9 is a plan view of cranks and slide bar for working two
sets of points in succession, but by two hand levers. The parts are
shewn in their respective normal positions. When the lever fis
brought into the dotted position the slide bar d is brought into the
dotted position g² on the left. By now operating upon the lever f
and bringing it into the dotted position the slide d is brought into the

page_text: dotted position 9³ on the left. By restoring the cranked lever ƒ2 from
the dotted position to its normal position the slide bar d will be brought
from the dotted position 93 to the dotted position g². By next bringing
the lever from its dotted to its normal position the slide bar d is
brought into its normal position g.
Figure 10 is an elevation showing my arrangement of spring catches
and quadrants for limiting or determining the respective ranges of
motion to be given to the hand lever for working a signal following
the points, as in Figure 1, Sheet 1. In the said Figure 10, k is the
hand lever; 1, the front spring catch lever; m, the back spring catch
lever; n, the front catch and rod; o, the back catch and rod; p, the
indented quadrants. Bv grasping the top k of the hand lever and at
the same time raising the front catch and rod n by the spring catch
lever 1, the catch is liberated from the notch p² of the quadrant p in
which it is represented engaged in the Drawing. On raising the said
front catch and rod n the hand lever / can be moved backward to the
first dotted position k² for working the points. On raising the back
catch and rod o the hand lever can be moved further backward to the
second dotted position ³ for working the signal. The further motion
of the hand lever from 2 to 3 is effected by releasing the front catch
and rod n and raising the back catch and rod o by the spring catch
lever m; the catch is thus liberated from the notch p' of the quadrant p,
and the hand lever can travel to the position. The quadrant p has
at p² an indentation in which the bottom of the catch and rod n may
engage as before described. The upper edge of the quadrant p is from
the indentation p³ continuous until it reaches the point p³, when there
is an indentation continued from p³ to p*. From p* to p³ the edge of
the quadrant resumes its raised position. The indentations described
refer only to the edge of the near side of the quadrant, in which edge
the bottom of the catch rod n engages. The edge of the back or
distant side of the quadrant with which the bottom of the catch rod o
engages is shaped in the following manner :-The said back edge of
the quadrant follows the curvature of the near top edge until it reaches
the point p, when it has the indentation represented by the dotted line
commencing at p, the said indentation extending from p to p' when
the edge of the said back or distant side of the quadrant rises to the
normal curvature as indicated at p³, and continues from 2 to 2º, at
which point p there is a small indentation similar to that at p² in which

page_text: indentation p the bottom of the catch and rod o engages. The front
and back spring catch levers are so formed at the heel that when one is
raised the other is for the time being fixed in its normal position.
Figure 11 is a similar arrangement to Figure 10 but with a forward
motion of the hand lever for working an additional signal before any
movement of the points takes place, the points being already over or
in their proper position for the main line, as in Figure 4, Sheet 1. In
Figure 11 the position k of the hand lever is the normal position. By
moving the lever from the position k to the position k² the main line
signal is lowered, but without making any change in the position of
the points. By moving the lever from the position ² to the position k
the main line signal is raised. By moving the lever from the position k
to the position ³ the points are moved over for the branch line, and by
the further motion of the lever from the position to the position **
the signal of the branch line is lowered. By motions the reverse of
those described contrary actions upon the signals and points are pro-
duced. The quadrant p has indentations in its front and back edges
suitable for fixing the lever k in the required positions or liberating it
when the spring catch levers are operated upon. As the indentations
in the edges of the said quadrant p differ only in number and length
from those described with reference to the quadrant in the arrange-
ment Figure 10, I believe that the said description together with an
examination of Figure 11 will make the same sufficiently understood.
Figure 12 is a similar arrangement to Figure 10, but instead of the
further motion for working the signal it is used for working an additional
set of points, as in Figure 6, Sheet 1. As this arrangement so nearly
resembles the arrangement, Figure 10, I believe it will be sufficiently
understood by an examination of the Drawing in conjunction with the
description given with reference to Figure 10.
Figure 13 is a side elevation of my improved arrangement of apparatus
for working the gates and stops at level crossings, the positions
represented of the several parts being those they respectively occupy
when the gates are across the road and the stops raised; Figure 14 is a
side elevation of the same showing more clearly the mechanism for
actuating the gate stops.
Figure 15 is a sectional elevation of my improved gate stop arrange-
ment, the stops or tumblers being shown in their raised position ;
Figure 10 is a plan of the same.

page_text: Figure 17 is a front elevation of the ordinary sympathetic crossing
gates provided with my improved stop arrangement; Figure 18 is a
plan of the same, shewing the connections to the stops; and Figure 19
is a cross section of the railway showing the stops raised, and the
gates thereby secured.
In Figures 13 and 14, A is the lever for working the gates; B is a
toothed sector on the top of the lever A gearing with the pinion E;
C is the hand wheel; D is the spring catch and handle for connecting
and disconnecting by pressure as may be required the hand wheel with
or from the pinion E; F is an intermediate wheel having a portion of
its teeth widened to gear with the semi-wheel G fixed to the axis
of the chain wheel H for actuating the gate stops, motion being
given to these wheels by the pinion I on the hand wheel C; K are the
connections to the gates; L, the connections to the gate stops.
The operation of the parts is as follows:-Suppose the man stand
behind the hand wheel at X, the catch rod D bearing on the periphery
of the plain portion or flange of the pinion E, he will push the said
hand wheel from him in the direction of the arrow until the catch D
drops into the notch in the periphery of the pinion at d¹. The motion
prior to the engagement of the catch D in the said notch d' lowers
the inside tumbler or stop b, and the further motion of the hand wheel
gives motion to the sector B and lever A, and through the connecting
rods K, K, gives motion to the gates. As the gates move over the
railway the outside tumblers or stop b², Figure 18, are lowered in the
manner herein-after described, and the semi-wheel G is disengaged from
the wide portion of the intermediate wheel F during the remaining
travel of the gates to their position across the railway. The inter-
mediate wheel F gears with and ungcars itself from the semi-wheel G
in the following way:-The teeth of a portion of the intermediate
wheel F are of double the breadth of those of the other part, and the
semi-wheel G being situated in the plane in which the broad part of
the teeth of the wheel F are situated, the said wheel F gears with the
semi-wheel G when its broad teeth are presented to the said semi-wheel,
and ungears when by its rotation its broader teeth have passed from
the said semi-wheel G.
To move the gates again across the road the reverse operation takes
place, namely, when the gates have been moved a portion of the way
the broad teeth of the wheel F engage with the semi-wheel or pinion

page_text: G, and actuate the chain pulley H, and so move or raise the outside
tumbler or stop to arrest the gate as soon as it is over the road, or in
its final position. By thus disengaging the wheel or pinion E from the
hand wheel C by raising the catch rod D the further motion of the
hand wheel which is now disengaged from the gates raises the inside
stop, and so secures the gates. The mechanism by which the tumblers
or stops are immediately acted upon is constructed as follows, and as
represented in Figures 15 and 16. a is the frame or box in which the
stops or tumblers 6, 6%, partially revolve on the centres c, c²; d, d², are
sliding toothed bars working through the box a, and gearing respectively
with the toothed tumblers or stops b, 62; e is a chain pulley, and f, a
chain for connecting together and working the toothed bars d, d², the
said bars being so connected together that they move together, but
in contrary directions. To lower the stops or tumblers the bars d, d²,
are moved. By their motion the tooth of the bar d first engages with
the teeth on the inside tumbler b, causing it to move on its centre until
the said tumbler is brought down level with the top of the box a and
roadway, at which time the tooth on the bar passes out of gear with the
teeth of the tumbler or stop. By this time the tooth on the bar d² is
ready to engage, and engages with the teeth on the outside tumbler
or stop b², and the contined motion will in like manner lower it down
level with the top of the box a, the upper surface of the sliding
bars d, d², retaining the tumblers or stops in both positions up and down.
On the reverse motion of the sliding bars the tumblers or stops are
raised. M, Figures 13 and 14, is a pawl taking into the notches N of
the toothed sector B for retaining the lever A in its position when it
is moved over, so as to bring the gates across the road.
Although I have only described the stops as worked by the hand
wheel by which the gates are moved, yet stops constructed according
to my Invention may be worked by a lever independent of the said hand a
wheel.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illus-
trated as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
of my Invention; but I claim as my Invention of improvements in
mechanism for working the points, signals, and level crossing gates
of railways in connection with locking apparatus or otherwise.

page_text: Firstly. The construction and arrangements of the parts of mechanism
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of
the accompanying Drawings, for causing the hand lever by which the
points are worked also to effect the working of a signal or signals,
substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly. The construction and arrangement of the parts of mechanism
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the
accompanying Drawings, for moving two pairs of points in succession
or alternately, by the use of one or two hand levers, substantially as
described and illustrated.
Thirdly. The construction and arrangements of the parts of mechanism
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 10, 11, and 12 of the
accompanying Drawings for limiting or determining the respective
ranges of motion to be given to the hand lever for working signals and
points.
Fourthly. The construction and arrangement or combination of the
parts of mechanism herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 of the accompanying Drawings for working
the level crossing gates of railways, whereby the gates themselves as
well as the tumblers or stops which require to be moved on the working
of the said gates, are worked by the motion of the same hand wheel.
Also the arrangement of mechanism whereby the tumblers or stops
are raised, lowered, and fixed, as described on the working of the said
crossing gates, whether the said mechanism be worked by the hand
wheel by which the motion of the gates is effected or by an independent
lever.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Telford Dutton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
SAMUEL TELFORD DUTTON. (L.S.)