Improvements in Looms for Weaving Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 1st D.c., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 31st Aug., 189:-Accepted, 17th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving Pile Fabrics.
We, WILLIAM TERRY and FESTUS RAWNSLEY of Dudley Hill near Bradford,
in the County of York, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:-
.
Our invention has reference to looms, which we propose to adapt by a new form
of apparatus for the purpose of weaving looped pile fabrics such as hearthrugs,
doormats, imitation skin rugs, and other like fabrics.
In carrying out our invention we employ warp and weft of cotton or suitable
material for forming the back of the fabric, whilst the pile of the fabric may be
composed of a warp of worsted or other suitable material.
We also mount a
suitable number of blades or other form of instruments upon a shaft situated behind
the "going part" of the loom, but independent of it, such blades passing through
the reed a dent of which may be removed to permit this to be done.
These blades
are triangular in shape and are arranged at suitable distances apart upon the
shaft which carries them, and upon the shed being formed the shuttle is sent
across the loom, passing under the triangular shaped blades and through the shed,
after which the healds which operate the pile warp are made to move laterally by
cams, spiral springs, or other contrivance, so as to carry a thread of the pile warp
over or across the top of each blade, after which the shed is closed, carrying the
warp down over the knife, forming a loop thereby, which is afterwards secured into
the fabric by the weft and the beating up of the slay in any well known manner.
The length of loops formed in the manner described is determined by the depth of
the blades; if, however, a long loop is required, the blades may be made to rise for
this purpose, so as to lengthen the loops, the upward movement of the blades being
performed by giving a rocking motion to the shaft upon which they are mounted.
The loop thus formed on each blade is removed by a brush or other device. If the
loop is required to be cut, this may be done by forming a sharp edge at the end of
each blade, or the loops may be severed in any other convenient manner.
By the apparatus above described, looped pile rugs, doormats, and imitation skin
rugs can be expeditiously manufactured, and as the loops are interwoven with the
fabric, the fabric will be found very durable.
Dated this 29th day of November 1890.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Halifax, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving Pile Fabrics.
We, WILLIAM TERRY and FESTUS RAWNSLEY of Dudley Hill, near Bradford
in the County of York, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
Our invention has reference to looms, which we propose to adapt by a new
form of apparatus, for the purpose of weaving looped pile fabrics such as hearth-
rugs, doormats, imitation skins, rugs, and other like fabrics.
In carrying out our invention we employ warp and weft of cotton or suitable
material for forming the back of the fabric, whilst the pile of the fabric may
be composed of a warp of worsted or other suitable material. We also mount

page_text: a suitable number of blades or other form of instruments upon a shaft situated
behind the "going part" of the loom, but independent of it, such blades passing
through the reed, a dent of which may be removed to permit this to be done.
These blades are triangular in shape and are arranged at suitable distances
apart upon the shaft which carries them, and upon the shed being formed the
shuttle is sent across the loom, passing under the triangular shaped blades and
through the shed, after which the healds which operate the pile warp, or one
or more combs, are made to move laterally by cams, spiral springs, or other
contrivance so as to carry a thread of the pile warp over or across the top of
each blade, after which the shed is closed, carrying the warp down over the
knife, forming a loop thereby, which is afterwards secured into the fabric by
the weft and the beating up of the slay in any well known manner.
In order that our invention may be better understood, we will now proceed
to describe the same more fully, and for that purpose make reference to the
accompanying drawings illustrative thereof, wherein
Fig. 1 is end elevation of a power loom having our improvements applied
thereto;
Fig. 2 is cross section thereof, and
Fig. 3 is front elevation of some of the parts.
A represents the framework of the loom, B the crank shaft, C the slayboard
carried upon the upper end of the double lathe sword or swords D working
backwards and forwards upon the fulcrums E. The warp for forming the back
of the babric comes off the beam F, whilst the warp for forming the pile of the
fabric is supplied by the bobbins G, passing around drum G₁ and under rod G²
carried by lever arms G³, one at each side of the loom, which said lever arms
are operated by other levers G from a cam on the tappet shaft of the loom
as hereinafter explained. H represents the breast beam and I the taking up
roller. Behind the slayboard is a horizontal rod J, supported by brackets J¹
bolted to the framework A, upon which rod J are mounted any suitable number
of triangular shaped plates or blades K, the forward points of which pass through
or between the dents of the reed I, the said plates being secured on rod J by
a key or other means; washers of suitable thickness being employed to separate
each blade, and the whole series of blades being kept together and tightened
up by nuts J2 (see Fig. 3). In front of the heald shafts M is a horizontal
bar N to which is attached a small grate or comb O, between the prongs or
spaces of which, each thread of the pile forming warp enters as shewn clearly
in front view Figs. 3 and 4. The pile forming warp which is governed by
heald M' is made to enter between the prongs of the said comb at every pick,
or every alternate pick, or every third pick, or otherwise, according as the pile
is required to be fine or coarse, this being determined by a box cam on shaft R*,
which cam, at one part of its revolution, lifts the heald M' a little distance
above the other healds, and thus places the pile warp into the teeth of the
comb O. Each thread of warp also lies between each blade K, so that when
the shed is opened, the bar N, together with the comb O, are made to move
endwise or laterally in the direction of the arrow P in Fig. 3; the effect of
such endwise movement of the said comb being to cause each warp thread to
cross each blade so as to pass onto the other side thereof as shewn in Fig. 4;
and simultaneously with such lateral movement of bar N the shuttle is sent
across the loom, and the shed closed, in doing which the pile forming warp
which has been crossed over the blades is formed into a loop over each blade,
as shewn in Fig. 5, the length of warp required to form the loop being drawn
off the spools or bobbins G by the oscillating movement of the lever G3 so that
when the free ends of the blades are raised as shewn in full line in Fig. 2, the
pile warp, which has just been drawn off the spools by the lever G³, is in a
slack condition, and therefore can be drawn up by the upward movement of the
blades so as to lengthen the loop. The crossing of the warp and the introduction
of the weft makes the loops secure in the fabric, as will be well understood by those

page_text: conversant with weaving. It will be understood that by the beating up of the slay
towards the breast beam, the newly formed loops will be carried forward to the
extreme point of the triangular blades K, and within reach of the oscillating stripping
brush Qwhich strips the loops from the blades, which at this particular time are
elevated as shewn in Fig. 2. The blades K, which are fixed upon the horizontal
shaft J, are elevated or caused to rise by means of the said shaft J being made to
rock, which is effected by means of lever arm R, connecting rod R' attached to
levers R2 and R3, the latter of which is oscillated by means of a box cam on the
shaft R, shewn in dotted lines of Fig. 1. Where a short pile or loop is to be
formed, the blades K do not rise, but it will be understood that any length of loop
or pile can be formed by causing the blades to rise to various heights which is
determined by the extent of movement made by the arrangement of cams and levers.
The stripping brush Q is made to reciprocate to and from the points of the blades
by means of another cam fixed on the shaft R* (see Fig. 1) and levers and
rods S, S', and S2, the latter of which works upon a fulcrum S³, and is connected to
the end of a lever arm S*, carrying the brush Q and also a friction bowl a. In
order to give the necessary sweep or combined to and fro and up and down motion
to the brush Q for the purpose of stripping the loops off the blades, a bowl a carried
by lever arm S rides or travels up the moveable inclined plane hinged at c; the
bowl then follows down the path or fixed inclined plane d and finally underneath
the forward end of the said moveable inclined plane ō which falls behind to be
ready for the next forward movement of lever arm S4, and this goes on at each
reciprocatory movement of lever S². The end wise or lateral movement is given to
the bar N and comb O by means of bell crank lever T (see Fig. 3) operated by
cam T made to revolve by hooked finger U connected to lever U, Fig. 2, which is
operated at every backward movement of the slay by finger U2, attached to slay,
coming into contact with the bowl on the upper end of lever U¹, such movement
drawing down the hooked finger U, which engages with a stud on cam T¹, and
rotates it a distance equal to the distance between the studs on said cam. The
levers last mentioned are brought back in the opposite direction by means of the
spiral spring U3 (see Fig. 3).
It will be seen that at every revolution (or at every alternate or third revolution,
as previously determined) of the crank shaft, the pile forming warp is passed over
the blades, and that loops are formed and made secure by the weft, the length of
such loops being determined by the depth of the blades. When a longer loop is
required than the depth of the blades will allow, the said blades are made to rise
after the warp has crossed over them, which is effected by giving a rocking motion
to the shaft upon which they are mounted as previously described. The loops thus
made, if required, may be severed by means of a knife formed at the upper end of
each blade, or the loops may be severed in any other convenient manner.
By the apparatus above described, looped pile rugs, doormats, imitation skin rugs
and other pile fabrics can be expeditiously manufactured, and as each loop is inter-
woven with the fabric, it will be found very durable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
Firstly. In looms for weaving pile fabrics, the use of blades or plates arranged
lineable with the warp, employed in the manner and for purposes substantially as
shewn and described in the drawings.
Secondly. In looms for weaving pile fabrics, the employment of blades or plates
arranged lineable with the warp, in combination with a comb or its equivalent,
having a lateral movement for transferring the warp from one side of the blades to
the other, substantially as herein shewn and described.
Thirdly. In looms for weaving pile fabrics, the employment of blades or plates
arranged lineable with the warp, and a comb or its equivalent having a lateral
movement for transferring the warp from one side of the blades to the other, in

page_text: combination with a brush for removing the loops from the points of the blades,
substantially as herein shewn and described.
Dated this 29th day of August 1891
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Halifax, Agents.