Year: 1888

page_text: 1 THOMAS ANDREWS of the Wortley Iron Works, near Sheffield, Yorkshire, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My said invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of appliances
used in connection with a press for the purpose of consolidating into a compact mass
small scrap of wrought iron or steel such as turnings, drillings, borings or other
similar minute and loose scrap material for the purpose of subsequent manipulation in
the manufacture therefrom of various forms of iron or steel.
On the table of for instance a hydraulic press I place a hollow mould, consisting
of two or more sections, of such a construction that when the said sections are in
contact with each other their inner surfaces form a cavity of any desired shape.
One or more of the said sections are capable of lateral movement on the table of
the press which is provided for this purpose with guide pieces or slides. Means
are also provided for preventing the sections of the mould from receding when
pressure is applied to the material contained in the mould.
To another part of the press and opposite to the before mentioned mould I
secure a plunger having approximately the same cross section as the mouth of the
mould so that on the latter being caused to approach the plunger or vice versa it may
enter the mould and press upon the contents thereof.
In using the above mentioned sectional mould and plunger for the purpose herein-
before referred to the sections of the mould are secured together and a quantity
of the said small scrap material either alone or mixed with other iron or steel
scrap is placed in the mould.
Pressure is then applied so that the contents of the mould are consolidated and
rendered capable of subsequent treatment as a mass.
On the pressure being taken off the mould is opened and the pressed mass of
material is removed.
In some cases instead of using a mould opening by the lateral movement of one
or more sections I employ a mould open right through which can be closed at the
end opposite to the plunger by means of a moveable block so arranged that on the
removal of the said block the pressed mass can either fall or be pushed through
the mould.

page_text: Although for convenience of description only a single mould and plunger are
hereinbefore referred to I wish it to be understood that two or more may be used
in combination.
The compressive force need not necessarily be derived from water or other fluid
pressure but may be obtained in other well known ways.
Dated this Eleventh day of August 1888.
JULIUS ALLMANN & Co.,
Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Consolidating Small Iron or Steel Scrap.
I THOMAS ANDREWS of the Wortley Ironworks, near Sheffield, Yorkshire, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "APPARATUS FOR CONSOLIDATING
SMALL IRON OR STEEL SCRAP" and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement and
accompanying drawings:
My said invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of appliances
used in connection with a press or presses for the purpose of consolidating into a
compact mass small scrap of wrought iron or steel such as turnings, drillings, borings
or other similar minute and loose scrap material for the purpose of subsequent
manipulation in the manufacture therefrom of various forms of iron or steel.
On a bedplate attached to the table of a press capable of being raised and lowered
by suitable means I place a hollow mould consisting of two or more sections of such
a construction that when the said sections are in contact with each other their inner
surfaces form a cavity of any desired shape.
In order that my said invention may be more fully understood I will describe
several methods of carrying the same into practice referring at the same time to the
accompanying drawings in all the figures of which the same letters refer to
corresponding parts.
In the said drawings Fig. 1 represents an end elevation, Fig. 2 is a side elevation
and Figures 3 and 4 are plans of a press on the table A of which is shown a bed-
plate carrying a mould consisting of two sections a and b one of which a is rigidly
secured to the bedplate E. The other section b is movable laterally on the said bed-
plate E to which it is secured by means of slides or guides c. A screw d serves to
traverse the section b to and from the fixed section a and also to prevent it from
receding therefrom when pressure is applied to the material contained in the mould.

page_text: Additional means such as bolts, hooks, hoops or other contrivances may be used for
assisting in holding the sections of the mould together.
To another part of the press and opposite to the beforementioned mould I secure a
plunger B having approximately the same cross section at its lower extremity as the
mouth of the mould so that on the latter being caused to approach the plunger it may
enter the mould and press upon the contents. The lower extremity of the plunger
may be provided with a removable piece e which can be replaced by another piece of
a different size or shape to suit different sizes or shapes of moulds on the bed plate E.
The upper extremity of the plunger is preferably made cylindrical and fits into a
corresponding socket f so that when required the plunger may be turned round or
adjusted. One or more screws g entering into an annular groove in the cylindrical
part of the plunger secure it in the proper position.
In using the abovementioned sectional mould and plunger for the purpose herein-
before referred to the sections a and b of the mould are brought together and secured
in that position by means of the screw d.
A quantity of the said small scrap material either alone or mixed with other iron or
steel scrap is placed in the mould. Pressure is then applied in such a manner as to
cause the table to rise whereupon the plunger enters the mould and the contents
thereof are consolidated and rendered capable of subsequent treatment as a mass.
On the pressure being taken off, the table with the mould and its contents falls
away from the plunger. The mould is then opened and the pressed mass of material
is removed either by hand or by a suitable mechanical contrivance.
Figures 5 and 6 show one of the sections of the mould provided with wings or end
pieces which when turned inwards as at Fig. 6 enable a block of a shape or size
differing from that of the interior of the mould without such end pieces to be
formed. By hinging the said end pieces in the manner shown at ii they can be
turned outwards to allow of the pressed block being removed or to allow the whole
available space in the mould to be filled with scrap material.
Fig. 7 shows another way of modifying the size of block by the insertion of
loose pieces such as kk which are prevented from receding when subjected to
pressure by means of suitable projections on the side of the mould or the same
result might be obtained by projections on the loose pieces being made to fit into
corresponding recesses or grooves as indicated in dotted lines at a³.
In some cases to form the ends of the mould I cause such loose pieces to project
through one of the walls of the mould as at k¹¹ of Fig. 7 and by means of nuts
or internal screwed threads in such projections and a right and left hand screw
worked by a handle k a slight amount of lateral motion may be imparted to the
loose pieces kk of Fig. 7a for the purpose of loosening the pressed block from the
mould when the pressure has been removed.
When moul is arranged for forming blocks of different degrees of thickness as
shown at Fig. 7 are used it is desirable to provide means for readily adjusting the
fixed section a on the table of the press so that the centre of the plunger may
correspond with that of the mould. Various methods of doing this may be used as
for instance the bolts securing the section a to the table may fit into slots. Or the
section a may be traversed and held in position by a screw or other similar means.
Figs. 8 and 9 show an arrangement of the sections of the mould which I use
when it is desirable to subject the scrap material to lateral pressure before subjecting
it to the vertical pressure of the plunger. In this case hinged or fixed side pieces
as at or at ² are attached to one of the sections of the mould which is then
closed so far that the points of the side pieces come into contact with the other section
of the mould as shown in Figs. 8 and 9 so as to form a receptacle in which the
loose scrap material is put.
A sufficient amount of lateral pressure is then applied to one or both of the sections'
of the mould to bring them into the positions indicated by dotted lines in Figs. 8
and 9 when the table is caused to rise and the plunger enters the mould and further
consolidates the contents. If the side pieces are hinged as at h¹ they can be turned
outwards to permit the ready withdrawal of the pressed block.
.

page_text: 2.
In many cases it is preferable that both sections should be capable of movement
to and from each other. For instance in making a prismatic block of square section
the arrangement shown in Figs. 10 and 11 may be adopted. In this case the two
sections 100 are both traversed by screws do. The other parts of the arrangement
shown in Figs. 10 and 11 perform the same functions as the corresponding parts in
Figs. 1 to 4 to which the same letters but with different indices are applied so that
a further description of these figures is unnecessary.
Figures 12 and 13 show other modifications of my said invention. In Fig. 12 the
mould has four sections moving laterally; two of them ³ ³ are pivoted at one end
to the bedplate E12 so that they may be swung outwards to permit of the removal of
the pressed mass: the other two sections are in this case moved by hydraulic
rams d¹³ d¹² which may be utilised for bringing the sections into juxtaposition so as to
form a receptacle for the scrap material and further to exert a lateral pressure thereon.
One or both of the sections a2 and 12 may be provided with stops for regulating the
traverse; and if found more convenient one of the sections a2 or 12 may remain
stationary.
Fig. 13 shows a method of applying my said invention in the production of two
blocks simultaneously. In this case two movable sections a3 and 613 are employed
between which is a plate w dividing the mould into two parts so that when the sections
of the mould are brought together two separate receptacles are formed in which the
scrap material is then placed and pressed. The plunger or plungers are shaped so as
to correspond to the mould.
More than two sections any or all of which may move laterally on the bedplate can
be used according to the shape of the block to be produced.
In the foregoing description I have assumed the plunger to be fixed and the bed
plate carrying the moulds to move vertically to and from the plunger. This arrange-
ment is however merely a matter of preference and my said invention may be also
carried into effect by imparting movement to the plunger and keeping the table
containing the mould stationary.
"
Although for convenience of description single and double moulds are hereinbefore
referred to I wish it to be understood that I do not limit the application of my
invention thereto. Two or more moulds and plungers may be used in combination or
simultaneously in the same press and the said moulds need not necessarily be of the
shape or proportions shown in the accompanying drawings but may be varied in those
respects to suit the nature of the scrap material or the particular purpose to which it
is to be applied.
Besides screws and hydraulic or other rams other wellknown mechanical devices,
such as levers, racks and pinions, or wedges may be used for traversing and holding
the sections of the mould in position and also for the purpose of exerting pressure on
the mass of scrap material through one or more of the sections.
Instead of placing the moulds on a bedplate attached to the table of the press they
may be placed directly on the table of the press without the intervention of a
bedplate.
I make no claim to the use of a press for consolidating scrap material and the
compressive force need not necessarily be derived from water or other fluid pressure
but may be obtained in other well known ways.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a press used for the consolidation of scrap material of iron or steel a vertical
plunger acting in combination with a receptacle or mould for holding the material
constructed in sections one or more of which are movable laterally on a bed plate on
the table or on the table itself of the press substantially as hereinbefore described and
shown.
2. In a press for the consolidation of scrap material of iron and steel the construction
and use of the receptacles or moulds shown in Figs. 8 and 9 in which fixed or hinged

page_text: projections on one section coming into contact with the other section form a receptacle
for the scrap material on which lateral pressure may then be exerted through one or
both sections of the mould prior to the plunger entering the mould substantially as
herein before described and shown.
3. In a press for the consolidation of scrap material of iron and steel provided with
moulds constructed in sections which are movable laterally the use of loose pieces as
shown at k k in Fig. 7 for the purpose of modifying the size and shape of the pressed
block.
4. The use of loose pieces in the interior of moulds employed in the consolidation of
iron or steel scrap in combination with a right and left hand screw for the purpose of
facilitating the removal of the pressed blocks.
JULIUS ALLMANN & Co.,
70, Deansgate, Manchester,
Agents for Applicant.