Improvements in and relating to Telegraphy.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 30th June, 1896-Accepted, 8th Aug., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Telegraphy.
I, SAMUEL VAN BUREN ESSICK, of Hawthorne Avenue, in the City of
Yonkers, County of Westchester, and State of New York, United States of
America, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to certain improvements in and relating to telegraphy and
consists in certain transmitting and receiving instruments of improved types which
may be used separately or in combination with each other, and the object of the
invention is to provide instruments which are capable of use with the most delicate
and retarded currents, and which at the same time shall be practicable when used
either in combination or otherwise.
In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated the preferred construction and
arrangement of the various instruments and shown them as combined in a single
system, in which:
Fig. 1, is a side elevation showing the working parts and their relations to each
other;
Fig. 2, is a diagram showing the same, together with the circuit connections;
Fig. 3, is an enlarged section of the relay, showing part of the inking device on
the line 3-3, of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4, is an enlarged part view of the relay and plan of the inking device,
showing also in dotted lines a means of substituting an ordinary Morse sounder for
the ink-recorder ;
Fig. 5, is a perspective view of a portion of the ink tube and connections;
Fig. 6, is a sectional view of the inking device;
Fig. 7, is a horizontal section of the same on the line 7-7, Fig. 6; .
Fig. 8, is a side view, partly in section, showing the transmitter, contact springs,
and motor for driving the same;
Fig. 9, is an enlarged top view of the contact springs or perforated strips;
Fig. 10, is an enlarged side view of the inking apparatus and receiver;
Fig. 11, is a plan view of the same;
Fig. 12, is an enlarged side view of the relay;
Fig. 13, is a vertical section of the same;
Fig. 14, is a plan view showing a way of adapting the relay to other circuits or
receivers ;
Fig. 15, is a part section of the relay and ink recording receiver ;
Figs. 16, 17, 18 and 19 are details thereof.
I will first describe the general features of construction of the different parts and
set forth their relations to each other so that their operation and use either alone
or together will be understood by those skilled in the art.
Referring to Fig. 1, H, indicates generally a transmitter of that kind in which a
perforated strip of paper is fed over a contact roller f¹, connected in the circuit,
and over the strip of paper and bearing thereon are the springs g, h, shown more
fully in Figs. 8 and 9. The paper is fed between the springs and contact roller at
a predetermined rate of speed, by a suitable motor M', as shown in Figs. 2 and 8.
The contact springs are connected in separate branch circuite and at opposite ends

page_text: It will
of the battery C¹, Fig. 2, and the springs are so adjusted that whenever a per-
foration in the paper is reached, the spring passes through the perforation and
makes electric contact with the contact roller f¹, and this roller is connected by
the wire to the transmitting relay A', B', through the coils of the magnets of
the same, and thence by the wire i, Fig. 2, to the center of battery C¹.
thus be seen that as either one or the other of the springs bears on the contact
roller through a perforation in the paper a positive or negative current is sent over
the wire , through the relay A', B', back to battery, and thus operating the
armature or armatures of the transmitting relay in accordance therewith.
The transmitting relay may be of any desired construction, but I prefer to use
the double relay shown best in Fig. 2, in which there are two armatures J', K',
operated by the coils of the magnets A', B', and controlling the current from the
main battery E', and sending it through the contacts of the transmitting relay to
the main line or cable D¹, to the receiving relay D, at the distant station in
accordance with the pulsations or reversals in the circuits including the springs g', h¹
and contact wheel, of the transmitter. By this arrangement it will be seen that
alternating impulses are transmitted to the line, securing more rapid and certain
action of the receiving relay.
The receiving relay D, is of peculiar construction and is especially adapted to
be operated by the most delicate currents, and its construction is best illustrated
in Figs. 12 and 13. Mounted on the base A2, is a bracket D2, to which are
attached the permanent magnets D³, by means of screws a¹². To these magnets
are attached four adjustable pole-pieces d³, so that they may be set in the best
position with relation to the armature m of the relay to get the greatest efficiency.
The armature m, is preferably made hollow, with a light pole projecting from each
end between the adjustable pule-pieces d³, and only sufficient iron is used to secure
the necessary strength, and preferably it should be constructed of pure Norway
iron, thoroughly annealed, so as to be charged and discharged rapidly. The
armature m, is suspended and steadied on a wire m', which is firmly attached to
the screws m², adjustable in brackets D2, D', by nuts m³, and this affords a delicate
adjustment for the armature, and a means of keeping the wire supporting it taut.
The armature thus being made very light and delicately suspended, is exceedingly
sensitive, so that a very diminutive current sent in alternating directions through
the coils of the relay is sufficient to cause the armature to vibrate between the
adjustable pole-pieces d³, and make contact with the local circuit terminals. The
coils are mounted on hollow cores d', made preferably of fibre or hard rubber,
having two head pieces one at each end, and having near its center the tubes or
passages do, and through which pass the wire ml suspending the armature m. The
terminals of the coils are connected to binding-posts d, included in the main
line D'. The core can be supported in any desired manner in connection with the
permanent magnets, but as shown is held in position by the screws d².
At the left-hand end of the armature m, are located the contact screws d',
mounted on a support d³, and connected to the terminals or posts do, to which the
loca! battery B, is connected by the wires do. The central portion of the
battery B4, is connected by a wire d¹¹, to a post d12, and this is connected to
the bracket D', and thence to the armature m, through the supporting wire m'.
A sounder, relay or other similar device may be located in the circuit. d, as
indicated at E, or anywhere between the armature and the center of the battery,
and it will, of course, respond to the alternating impulses set in motion by the
vibratory action of the armature between the contact screws d'. It will be seen
that this construction affords a very delicate means of suspending the armature, as
all friction is thereby avoided and there is a means of adjusting said armature
through the screws m² and nuts m³. Preferably one end of each of said screws
is flattened so that a wrench may be used to hold them in position while the nuts
are being adjusted, or to turn said screws from one direction to the opposite in
adjusting the armature.
My invention is not confined to the exact form of mechanism shown anl

page_text: described, as it is obvious that two separate tubes with end pieces attached, each
tube carrying a coil, could be used, leaving enough spice between the inner ends of
the tubes to allow the wire m' to be suspendel between them, but I prefer to use
the tubes as above described. Other modifications in the details will suggest
themselves, and need not be specifically described.
It will thus be seen that this relay may be used in connection with a local
circuit, as shown in Fig. 14, or may be used in connection with my improved
receiver, the construction of which I will now describe.
The base A, may support all the parts of the receiver, or they may be mantel
on separate bases and connected together. My receiver may be said to embody,
generally speaking, a pneumatic inking device, with means for controlling the
inking device in accordance with the impulses sent, and for feeding the paper on
which the record is made. It comprises an ink tube l, preferably made of
aluminium and rigid, which is connected to be operated by the relay, and the ink
is supplied to the ink tube under air pressure and preferably in pulsations, so that
the ink tube does not necessarily impinge upon the paper strip, but may be
arranged immediately above it but out of contact therewith so as to be more
readily actuated by the diminutive currents which move the armature of the relay
when the tube is connected directly thereto, so that the ink may be said to be
pumped or thrown onto the paper, forming a practically continuous record
following, however, the movements of the tube. While various means may be
used to cause this flow of ink through the tube, I have shown an ink reservoir B,
having an inverted reciprocating cup C, (Fig. 6), which cup is provided with an
air valve a, and a regulating device b, to govern the flow of ink. The cup is also
provided with an orifice c, through which the ink is poured in filling the reservoir,
and this can be closed by a cap. There is also a valve o, the lower portion of
which is surrounded by a beveled projection which fits a seat in the lower portion
of the shell in which it works, and is so adjusted that it moves only about one-
sixtyfourth of an inch in its upward and downward motion. The shell surrounding
the valve is screwed into the top of the cup C. There is a pin p, which stops the
downward motion of the valve by striking the shell. There is a governing device
comprising an inner tube 9, surrounded by an outer tube or regulating device b,
and these tubes are respectively provided with the orifices rand, so located with
reference to each other that they may be wholly or partially closed, and thus
operate as a valve to regulate the pressure of air in the reservoir, and thereby
regulate the amount of ink forced through the tube for making light or heavy
lines upon the paper, the ink being forced through the tube k, at the bottom of the
reservoir, which tube is connected with the ink tube l before described.
The cup is connected with devices which impart to it a reciprocating motion,
and these are shown in the present instance as comprising a shaft t, carrying a
pinion h, which is driven by a cog wheel f, on the shaft g, and band wheel e, which
band wheel is connected by a band d, with a suitable motor, which may operate to
feed the paper of the receiver in the manner indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, and
operate the ink reservoir at the same time. The cup C, is connected by a rod j, to
an eccentric or crank i, mounted on the shaft t, by which a reciprocating motion
is imparted to the cup C, and it will be seen that by this means the air is
alternately compressed and rarefied in the ink reservoir B, and the degree of
compression is regulated by the devices connected therewith, so that ink is forced
through the tube k into the ink tube l, arranged over the traveling paper and
moved out of its normal position to one side or the other by the relay or other
means.
The paper from the roll E, passes over the roller u, and under the roller v, and
is held tight on the periphery of the roller u, so that it may preserve an exact
relationship to the point of the ink tube l, preventing such tube from impinging on
the paper and preserving an exact distance for receiving the ink from the tube.
The roller r, is preferably grooved, as seen in Fig. 15, and the paper is drawn

page_text: over the roll by the motor M, in a manner clearly understood by reference to
Figs. 1 and 2.
The ink tube (see Fig. 5) is preferably in the form of a rigid tube mounted on
a pivoted bar or rod supported in a bracket L, Fig. 4 and there is a rod n, one
end of which has a recess to receive the armature of the relay, and the other end
has an orifice which drops over a needle-point on the tube 1, and is secured in any
suitable manner. The tube is supported between springs w, x, which tend to hold
the tube at the zero position when the relay is not actuated, and also to aid the
movement of the tube in its lateral excursions, so as to supplement and cause quick
reversals. At the front end of the springs are located the screws y, z, by means of
which the slides y, z, containing pins a, b, can be adjusted to control the
springs w,, thereby enabling the operator to give the tube its proper excursion.
I prefer to give the tube a short space in which to pass in leaving one spring
before striking the other.
c, d, Figs. 10. 11. 18. 19 constitute an adjustable clamp for holding the flexible
tube k, so as to prevent its vibrating by the action of the reciprocating ink device,
and this is located at a point between the ink reservoir and the bracket L, so that
no pulsatory motions will be transmitted to the ink tube.
Having thus described and illustrated the details of construction of the various
features of my invention, it is unnecessary to describe fully the operation, as it will
be largely understood by those skilled in the art on reference to Figs. 1 and 2. It
will be seen that the combination represents a complete system of apparatus
working together as a harmonious whole, although as above intimated, parts of the
system may be used separately or in connection with other parts. I have shown
two electric motors M, M', for driving the apparatus for moving the paper strip of
the receiver and transmitter, and one of them is used also to operate the ink device,
but of course, other means will readily suggest themselves. As arranged in Fig. 2,
the motor M', drives the perforated strip over the contact roller ', under the
contact springs g', ', and impulses are sent to line over the wire of one polarity
or another according to the spring which finds contact with the roller through a
perforation. It will thus be seen that alternating impulses of opposite polarity are
sent over the wire to the transmitting relay. This relay is delicately arranged
in the manner indicated or any equivalent way to quickly respond to the
alternations and to cause like alternations or reversals from the main battery E',
to flow into the main line or cable D' to the distant station, it being understood
that one terminal of the main battery E' is connected to ground as indicated.or
return wire as the case may be.
At the distant station the relay D, receives the diminished impulse coming over
the line, but owing to its peculiar construction, heretofore explained, it quickly and
instantly responds to the alternations, and when used in connection with the ink.tube
moves said tube to one side or the other of a medium line according to the nature
of the impulses.
The paper of the receiving instrument is moved by the motor M, under the ink
tube l, and the inking device is operated by the said motor M to cause a practically
continuous flow of ink from the tube l onto the paper, and this will make a record,
clearly indicated in Fig. 2.
The parts are so delicately.constructed and arranged that they will operate under
exceedingly faint currents and produce accurate records.
When the pneumatic inking device is operated by the same motor which feeds
the receiving strip, they will automatically adjust themselves to each other, so that
the more rapidly the paper moves, the greater amount of iuk can be deposited,
and this, of course, can be regulated by the adjusting devices in the cup of the
reservoir.
Among the advantages which are apparent from the use of my invention, I will
call especial attention to the fact that the relay is so constructed that the resistance
of the coils may be increased without increasing the inertia of the instrument. The

page_text: armature being hollow, is very light, overcoming inertia and at the same time
presenting larger magnetic surface, thus avoiding disadvantages of the ordinary
relays, in which it is necessary to add to the weight of the armature when the
resistance is increased. The pneumatic inking device works mechanically and is
automatic in its action and is positive in depositing its ink, and does not depend
upon the action of an electro-static device sending impulses through the paper to
cause the current to flow, and does not require an adjusting device to cause the ink
tube to synchronize with the rheotome, by the interruptions of which it is kept in
vibration, as in the ordinary device. In sending currents through the dry
paper to
cause the ink to flow, great difficulty is often experienced, and to
adjust the line to meet the demands of the rheotome requires great skill and
attention, and all of these difficulties are overcome by the use of my receiving
device.
From this general description it will be obvious that my invention is not confined
to the exact details of construction or arrangement or connections, and all of these
may be varied more or less by those skilled in the art without departing from the
spirit of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
1st. A telegraphic transmitter characterized by a contact wheel, contact springs
connected to opposite poles of a battery, the contact wheel being connected to a
transmitting relay to direct the impulses of the main battery to line, substantially
as described and pointed out in connection with Figs. 1 and 2.
2. A telegraphic relay comprising permanent magnets carrying pole pieces, a
hollow armature suspended and steadied by a wire between said magnets, means for
adjusting the wire, coils suitably mounted surrounding said arinature and tubes or
passages in said coils through which the armature suspending and steadying wire
is passed, substantially as described.
3. A telegraphic relay constructed substantially as described and illustrated
in Figs. 12, 13 and 11, whereby delicate currents may be utilized in the manner
set forth.
4. A telegraphic receiver characterized by an ink tube and means for mechanically
causing the ink to flow through said tube and to be deposited on a strip of paper
travelling in relation to the tube, in the manner set forth.
.
5. A telegraphic receiver characterized by an ink tube through which the ink is
mechanically forced, and an ink reservoir and means for forcing the ink from the
reservoir through the tube in connection with the paper moved in relation thereto,
substantially as set forth especially in connection with Figs. 1, 2 and 6.
6. In a telegraphic receiver an ink supplying device consisting of a reservoir b
and inverted cup C, provided with a valve and a regulating device to govern the
flow of ink, and means for reciprocating the inverted cup, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
7. The combination in a telegraphic system of a relay substantially of the
character indicated in Figs. 12, 13 and 14, and a receiving instrument having an
ink tube through which ink is forced to flow, the ink tube being connected to and
operated by the armature of the relay, as set forth and described in connection
with Figs. 4 and 5.
8. A telegraphic system comprising in combination a transmitter substantially
of the character set forth adapted to send alternating impulses to line, a delicately
operating relay constructed substantially as set forth, to be affected by slight
alternating currents, a receiving instrument having an ink tube operated by the
relay and mechanically supplied with ink, and means for supplying ink to the
tube and feeding the paper on which the record is made, the arrangement
being substantially as indicated more particularly in Figs. 1 and 2 of the
accompanying drawings.

page_text: 9. In a telegraphic system the arrangement and construction of parts sub-
stantially as described and illustrated in the drawings.
Dated the 30th day of June 1896...
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Chartered Patent Agent, London,
For the Applicant.