IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND FIRE PLACES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Livermore Shorland, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Sanitary and Ventilating Engineer, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND FIRE PLACES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Livermore Shorland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1881.
GEORGE LIVERMORE SHORLAND; of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Sanitary and Ventilating Engineer. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND FIRE
PLACES."
"
My Invention relates principally to the stoves, which are employed in the
warming of the air in schools and other buildings, and has for its object to increase
the efficiency of such stoves. To form the sides and back of the stoves I employ
air warming chambers, which are provided with horizontal partitions, which cause
the air to take a circuitous course when flowing through the said chambers. The
two side chambers are by preference each divided into compartments, and are
connected together by means of two or more arched pipes, which are formed with
exit openings through which the warm air issues. The heated gases from the fire
flow under and over the said arched pipes, and thereby warm the air which is
flowing through them. A warming chamber of similar construction constitutes the
back of the fire place, and the air flowing through this chamber issues upwards
through a ring pipe which is crossed with a vertical pipe, which I prefer to make
of a lozenge shape in section. The heated gases pass through the openings in the
said ring pipe and flow downwards to the flue, or are otherwise conveyed to the
flue according to the position of the stove. The supply of air to be warmed is
conveyed from the outer air or is admitted from the room in which the stove is
placed as preferred. In some cases I cause the said gases to flow through a
chamber containing water, in order that soot may be deposited therein. The gases
are deflected downwards towards the water by means of a vertical adjustable
damper or partition, or a revolving fan or washer is mounted in the chamber, and
Din 677

page_text: may use the
dips into the water, being revolved by the action of the gases, or
deflecting partition and chamber without the water. In some cases I provide the
smoke pipe or flue with an air inlet pipe or with air inlet pipes, which I arrange at
an angle of about forty-five degrees with the said flue, dampers or a regulating
damper or valve being provided, the inlet of air governing the action of the stove
and ventilating the apartment. When it is necessary to convey tho warmed air
away from the stove or fire-place, I prefer to employ sheet metal pipes galvanized
and provided with cast iron sockets. In order that the air conduit pipes may be
cleaned internally, I prefer to form them with pockets situated at the lower ends
of vertical lengths of pipe, and provided with openings fitted with doors or
removable caps. To connect together parts of my apparatus I employ flanched
pipes fitting one into the other, and attached by their flanches to the parts to be
connected.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Livermore Shorland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd September 1881.
GEORGE LIVERMORE SHORLAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Sanitary and Ventilating Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND FIRE-
PLACES.
"
My Invention relates principally to the stoves which are employed in the.
warming of the air in schools and other buildings, and has for its object to increase
the efficiency of such stoves. To form the sides and back of the stoves I employ
air warming chambers, which are provided with horizontal partitions, which cause
the air to take a circuitous course when flowing through the said chambers. The
two side chambers are by preference each divided into compartments, and are
connected together by means of two or more arched pipes, which are formed with
exit openings through which the warm air issues. The heated gases from the fire
flow under and over the said arched pipes, and therby warm the air which is
flowing through them. A warming chamber of similar construction constitutes
the back of the fire place, and the air flowing through this chamber issues
upwards through a ring pipe which is crossed with a vertical pipe, which I prefer
to make of a lozenge shape in section. The heated gases pass through the openings
in the said ring pipe and flow downwards to the flue or are otherwise conveyed to
the flue according to the position of the stove. The supply of air to be warmed is
conveyed from the outer air or is admitted from the room in which the stove is
placed as preferred. In some cases I cause the smoke and heated gases to flow
through a chamber containing water in order that soot may be deposited therein.
The gases are deflected downwards towards the water by means of a vertical
adjustable damper or partition. In some cases I provided the smoke pipe or flue.
with an air inlet pipe or with air inlet pipes, which I arrange at an angle of about.
forty-five degrees with the said flue, dampers or a regulating damper or valve being
provided, the inlet of air governing the action of the stove and ventilating the
apartment. When it is necessary to convey the warmed air away from the stove
or fire-place, I prefer to employ sheet metal pipes galvanized and provided with
cast iron sockets. In order that the air conduit pipes may be cleaned internally I
prefer to form them with pockets situated at the lower ends of vertical lengths of
pipe and provided with openings fitted with doors or removable caps. To
connect together parts of my apparatus I employ flanched pipes fitting one into
the other, and attached by their flanches to the parts to be connected.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood I have attached hereunto.
a Sheet of Drawings made to a scale of about one inch to the foot and marked'
with letters of reference, to which Drawings I will refer in this place. Fig. 1
represents a sectional ground plan of the improved stove; Fig. 2 represents a
vertical section on the line A; Fig. 3, a section on the line B; Fig. 4, a section on
the line C, and Fig. 5, a section on the line D in Fig. 1. In the said Figs. e is the
fire place, which is surrounded on three sides by the air heating boxes or
chambers f, g, and h, which are enclosed within an outer shell or casing which
may be made ornamental in form and appearance. The said heating boxes are by
preference cast or formed in parts which are independant of the outer casing, in
order that they can be removed therefrom or be replaced with new ones when
desirable, and also that the parts will not be so liable to be injured by expansion
and contraction, In the example the boxes ƒ and g at each side of the fire are cast
or formed in one piece, but in some cases I may form them in separate parts.
Each box is provided with horizontal partitions which are arranged so that air
:
:

page_text: entering at the bottom is caused to take a circuitous course in flowing upwards,
as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2, wherein the boxes f and g are represented in
section. In Fig. 3 the boxes ƒ and g are seen in section at the line B, Fig. 1, and
the box h in Fig. 4. For convenience of representation the air is represented as
flowing towards and from the fire in the boxes fand g, but the openings may be
so arranged as that the air flows towards and from the front of the stove, as such a
construction permits the boxes to be cast open at the side which is towards the outer
shell. The front chambers of the boxes ƒ and g are connected together at the top by
means of an arched pipe i, through which the air flows from the boxes and issues
upwards through a straight branch of the said pipe. The back chambers are
similarly connected by means of an arched pipe, which is provided with a
partition, and is formed with two side branches 2, which form passages / for
the flames and heated gases. The air flowing through the back box h issues
upwards through a ring pipe m, which is formed with a vertical branch m². The
three vertical branches open into a space n below a perforated grating n¹, seen in
Fig. 6, which is a plan view of the top of the stove. The said grating is formed
with tubular openings, which are surrounded with water. The flames and heated
gases from the fire impinge on the lower part of the arched pipe i, and flow partly
below the pipe k and partly through the passages 7, and pass out of the stove
through the opening in the ring pipe m. I prefer to form the last named pipe with
a vertical pipe m² of a lozenge shape in cross section, which pipe crosses the
opening and furnishes an additional air passage. It will be seen that the air
pipes i, k, and collectively expose a large surface to the heat of the fire, and
therefore that the air already warmed by flowing through the boxes absorbs
additional heat before escaping through the grating. The gases pass from the
stove through a pipe o into a chamber or casing p containing water, and furnished
with a partition p¹, which deflects the gases downwards towards the water, as
indicated by the arrow. This partition may be fixed or be made adjustable by
means of a screw p². I prefer that the pipe o shall be formed with end flanches,
and the connection with the stove and chamber be effected by means of the
flanches in such a manner as that expansion and contraction is permitted. This
method is also applicable to other connections of the stove and flue. I also prefer
to form the pipe o with gills, as represented in Fig. 5. The gases flow from the
chamber p downwards through a pipe or through a horizontal pipe, or in any
suitable manner into a flue. In the example the stove is mounted upon a hollow
base 8, into which air from the outside of the building can be conveyed through a
pipe t, the air passing out of the base into the aforesaid heating boxes. I may
dispense with the chamber p and with the water grating n. Fig. 7 illustrates the
application of air inlet pipes u, u, to the pipe which conveys the gases from the
stove into the flue. Each inlet pipe is provided with a stopper, which when
drawn out to some extent admits air to enter the pipe in order to ventilate the
room and to govern the action of the stove. Any suitable damper or valve may
be used instead of the said stopper. Fig. 8 illustrates the formation of an air
conduit pipe having a pocket v, which intercepts any dust or dirt which may
descend the upper length of the pipe. The accumulated matter can be removed at
any time through an opening at v¹, which opening is closed with a cap.
some cases a deflecting branch may be applied to this pipe, as shewn in dotted
lines.
In
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of my said Invention and
the manner in which I carry the same into effect, I would have it to be understood
that I claim,―
First. The combination of parts forming the complete stove or apparatus for
warming air, substantially as set forth and indicated hereinbefore, and in and by
the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The stove provided with side and back air warming boxes or chambers;
and with the air warming and delivery pipes exposed to the heat of the fire, sub-
stantially as set forth and indicated.

page_text: Thirdly. A stove fitted with pipes i, k, l, in connection with air-warming
chambers f, g, h, substantially as set forth and indicated.
Fourthly. The chamber p containing water, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth and indicated.
And, Lastly. The arrangement, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
set forth and indicated with reference to Fig. 7 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Livermore Shorland, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
in the presence of
ARTHUR LEDGER,
(Clerk to Edward K. Dutton,)
41, John Dalton St.,
Manchester,
(Agent for the Patentee).
GEOE. L. SHORLAND. (L.S.)