IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO DRIVING MECHANISM FOR BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Williams, of 58, Cowbridge Road, Engineer,
and Daniel Lloyd Lougher, Gentleman, of Manor House, both of Cardiff, in the
County of Glamorgan, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE
TO DRIVING MECHANISM FOR BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Williams and
Daniel Lloyd Lougher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
1st March 1880.
BENJAMIN WILLIAMS, of 58, Cowbridge Road, Engineer, and DANIEL LLOYD
LOUGHER, Gentleman, of Manor House, both of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO DRIVING MECHANISM FOR BICYCLES AND
OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in driving mechanism for bicycles
and other velocipedes, the object being to gain speed and at same time to reduce
the exertion of the rider, and to apply the necessary mechanism so that the same
shall be under cover and shall not appreciably alter either the weight or appearance
of the machine.
The crank or treadle shaft passes through a hollow hub of the driving wheel, and
bas keyed thereon or otherwise fastened thereto a toothed or spur wheel, said spur
gearing with a pinion mounted upon a fixed stud, which stud is bolted securely to
the fork of the bicycle or bearing of the machine, and extends inwards therefrom
into a boxing of the hub of the driving wheel wherein the gearing is enclosed.
Also upon
the said fixed stud, and pinned or secured to or formed of a piece with
the said pinion thereon, is a second spur wheel which gears in its turn with and
acts as driver to a pinion formed in and upon or attached to the hub boxing
concentrically-with-the crank shaft, so that the wheel of the bicycle will be driven
at a speed exceeding the rotation of the crank or treadle shaft by so much as is the
difference between the crank shaft driving wheel and the pinion of the hub of the
wheel driven by the spur driver of the crank shaft's driver pinion. Thus the whole
mechanism may be applied within a small compass and enclosed within the boxing
of the hub, and the relative sizes of the spurs and pinions may be made so as to
gain any required number of revolutions exceeding that of the crank shaft.

page_text: To particularize we may form the first set of wheels with diagonal edge teeth so
as to secure silence, and the other wheels may be bevils of greater or less angle,
whereby greater breadth of tooth will be obtained, whilst the thickness of wheel
may be very considerably reduced, and also less depth of boxing of hub will be
required.
Upon the outer edge of the hub boxings provision must be made for reception of
the ends of the spokes, and for this purpose we provide upon the said outer edge of
the boxing a flange which at the same time that it gives sufficient depth of metal
for the spoke ends will brace and strengthen the said boxing sufficiently for any
possible amount of tension for the said spokes and requisite rigidity of the wheel,
thus securing all requisite strength with all possible lightness. The mechanism in
the case of a bicycle may be upon one or other or both sides of the hub of the
wheel.
This construction of mechanism is equally applicable to tricycles with double
driving wheels or otherwise and to water velocipedes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Benjamin Williams and Daniel Lloyd Lougher in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 1st September 1880.
BENJAMIN WILLIAMS, of 58, Cowbridge Road, Engineer, and DANIEL LLOYD
LOUGHER, Gentleman, of Manor House, both of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO DRIVING MECHANISM FOR BICYCLES AND
OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in driving mechanism for bicycles
and other velocipedes, the object being to gain speed and at same time to reduce.
the exertion of the rider, and to apply the necessary mechanism so that the same
shall be under cover and shall not appreciably alter either the weight or appearance,
of the machine.
The main wheel shaft passes through a hollow hub of the driving wheel, and
has keyed thereon or otherwise fastened thereto a toothed or spur wheel, said
spur gearing with a pinion mounted upon a fixed stud, which stud is bolted
securely to the fork of the bicycle or bearing of the machine, and extends inwards
therefrom into a boxing of the hub of the driving wheel wherein the gearing is
enclosed. Also upon the said fixed stud, and pinned or secured to or formed of a
piece with the said pinion thereon, is a second spur wheel which gears in its turn
with and acts as driver to a pinion formed in and upon or attached to the hub
boxing concentrically with the crank shaft, so that the wheel of the bicycle will be
driven at a speed exceeding the rotation of the crank or treadle shaft by so much
as is the difference between the crank shaft driving wheel and the pinion of the
hub of the wheel driven by the spur driver of the crank shaft's driver pinion. Thus
the whole mechanism may be applied within a small compass and enclosed within
the boxing of the hub, and the relative sizes of the spurs and pinions may be made
within the the limits of the strength of the rider so as to gain any required number
of revolutions exceeding that of the crank shaft.
To particularize we may form the first set of wheels with diagonal edge teeth so
as to secure silence, and the other wheels may be bevils of greater or less angle,
whereby greater breadth of tooth will be obtained, whilst the thickness of wheel
may be very considerably reduced, and also less depth of boxing of hub will be
required.
Upon the outer edge of the hub boxings provision must be made for reception of
the ends of the spokes, and for this purpose we provide upon the said outer edge of
the boxing a flange which at the same time that it gives sufficient depth of metal
for the spoke ends will brace and strengthen the said boxing sufficient for any
possible amount of tension for the said spokes and requisite rigidity of the wheel,
thus securing all requisite strength with all possible lightness. The mechanism in
the case of a bicycle may be upon one or other or both sides of the hub of the
wheel.
This construction of mechanism is equally applicable to tricycles with double
driving wheels or otherwise and to water velocipedes.
In the Drawings, Fig. 1 represents in cross section the hub of the wheel, the
spokes not being shown, and the driving gearing is shown at one side only; Fig. 2
is section of the intermediate gearing fitted with roller bearings; Figs. 3 and 4 are
edge and side views of bearing at end of fork carrying the driving shaft and
cranks.
Fig. 5 is face view of arrangement for using chain gearing.
Fig. 6 is detached view of the fork end bearing.
Fig. 7 illustrates kind of chain employed.
Fig. 8 shows the bevil wheels and diagonal, toothed wheel gearing.
The hub A is bored and fitted with ball bearing B running in steel casings: the

page_text: wheel C is formed upon a disc which will cover the ball casings and be pinned
to the inner face of hub boxing. The wheel D is keyed upon the shaft E;
F, F, are pinion and driver for D and C respectively, and are carried upon steel
pin G which is fitted with ball bearings, as shown, and the outer free end of
the pin G passes first through the cover plate H of the hub boxing, and then
to and is bolted rigidly in the part I of the fork end and neck of bearing K of
the driver shaft. The fork end I is laid into a groove of the neck of the bearing K
to strengthen the fork end and give greater hold for the pin G. In Fig. 8 is
shown bevil and diagonal toothed wheel gearing for securing greater length of
tooth.
In Figs. 5, 6, and 7 is shown use of chain gearing in combination with the
improved hub fitting a special fork end bearing is employed, as shown, and the
crank or driving shaft is in this case the stud or pin G', the wheel shaft is
carried in the bearing below the ends of fork. The chain is carried over the driver
wheel D¹ or pin G¹³, and over a pinion C₁ mounted as before described for
wheel C of Fig. 1.
The cover plate of the boxing is a free fit so as to be carried by the pin G
or G¹ according to the case, and allow the hub to turn freely. The gearing is
shown on in side only of the hub.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention, we
claim,-
First. The hub boxing A fitted with ball bearing B and wheel C, in combination
with the intermediate gearing F, F', carried on pin G mounted as specified
and driven off the gear D of the shaft, as herein set forth and shown by the
Drawings.
Second. In combination with the hub boxing A the fork end bearing carrying
the driver D' and pin G¹ driving by crank the hub gear G³, as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Lloyd Lougher, for and on behalf of the
said Benjamin Williams and myself, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this First day of September, One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
In presence of
WALTER A. BARLOW,
Patent Agent & Engineer,
6, St. Paul's Churchyard,
London,
E.C.
DANIEL LLOYD LOUGHER. (L.S.)