CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARASOLS AND UMBRELLAS
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ISAAC
ABRAHAM Boss, of Bury Street, in the City of London, Merchant, send
greeting..
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Sixteenth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and
forty-five, in the eighth year of er reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Isaac Abraham Boss, my exors,
admors, and assigns, Her especial license, full power, solo privilege and
authority, that I, the said Isaac Abraham Boss, my exors, admors, and assigns,
and such others as I, the said Isaac Abraham Boss, my exors, adñiors, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of Her Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland alled England, Her Dominion
of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in the Islands of Jersey,
Gurnsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her Majesty's Colonies
and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PARASOLS AND UMBRELLAS;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso, obliging me, the said Isaac Abraham Boss, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Isaac Abrahani Boss, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, is fully and accurately set
forth, and in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereto annexed, by the numeral figures and letters marked
thereon for the purpose of such reference.
The Figure 1 of the Drawing No. 1 shows an arrangement of parts for
opening and closing parasols. A, A, marks a metal tube, the lower end of
which is fixed into the handle B; at the upper part of the said tube the top
notch C is made fast for carrying the ribs D, D, such ribs being connected
to the stretchers E, E, and to the runner F, which passes round the tube A,
a slot being formed through the same to allow the pin G, which connects the
runner to the rod II, to slide freely therein; I marks a short piece of tubing
or slide, of any suitable material, having a pin K secured thereto, and working
through slots formed through the tube A, as shewn; the lower end of the
rod H passes over the pin K and moves therewith. L, a lever handle whose
fulcrum is a pin or rivet M, passing through the inner tube A, A; this handle
passes through an opening formed in the slide I, so that by depressing the
handle, the slide moving therewith will impart motion to the rod II and
runner F connected thereto, and from thence to the stretchers E, E, which are
peculiarly constructed, and arranged as follows.-From the top notch C tension
rods or stretchers N extend downwards, and are attached to the stretchers E
at the points 1, 2, which are the fulera of the said stretchers, the opposito
ends of which are attached to the pieces 3, 3, which slide freely upon the ribs
D, D. The intention of this arrangement is to shorten the range or distance
through which the runner slides or moves. The parasol may be opened
by the means above described, and be closed by a reverse movement of the
handle L*.
The Figure 2 represents a partial elevation of a parasol having additional
stretchers H, I, to those in the last-mentioned Figure, which do not in any
way alter the action of the severed parts, but are only employed to prevent the
ribs from dropping when the parasol is closed. In this parasol A, A, is a
tube of metal, the lower end of which is fixed into the handle B at the upper
part of the said tube.
The top notch C is made fast, carrying the ribs D, D,
such ribs being connected to the stretchers E, E, and to the runner F, which

page_text: passes around the tube A, slots being formed through the same to allow the
pin G, which connects the runner to the stick or rod H, to slide freely therein.
I, a pin fixed into the rod H, and at or near the lower end thereof; this pin
works through a slot formed in the tube A and handle B, and terminates in a
knob K, by pulling which in a downward direction the parasol will be opened;
a reverse movement will close the parasol.
The Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, & 9 shew other arrangements of parts constituting
parasols. The Figures 3, 4, 5 are partial elevations thereof as they would
appear when opened. It will be seen that the same principle of construction
is preserved in these parasols to that shewn at the Figure 1; similar letters of
reference are likewise placed upon and denote corresponding parts to those in
the last-mentioned Figure. At the Figure 3 an additional notch C* is fixed
on the tube A for retaining the inner ends of the stretchers E, E. The
parasol is opened by an upward movement of the runner G, and is closed by
a reverse movement. This movement applies also to Figures 4 and 5 in
whatever manner the runners be actuated.
Another modification of this principle of construction may be obtained by
fixing the rummer G to the tube A, and connecting the top notch C to the
rod II (in Figure 4), by depressing which the parasol will be opened, and will
be closed by a reverse movement of the rod H.
The Figure 6 represents a partial vertical section of a parasol in a closed
state, and the Figure 7 a vertical section of the same with the ribs and
stretchers distended. A, A, marks the tube or stick of the parasol, at or
near the upper part of which slots are formed to receive the lazytongs levers
B, B; these levers are attached to the said tube by a piu or rivet C, such pin
being the fulcrum of the system of levers, or point from which the said levers
move in an upward or downward direction. The Drawing shews the short
runner D connected to the levers B, B, at the points E*, E*; this runner
slides freely upon the long runner F, F, the upper end of which is
attached to the levers B, B, by the cross piece G. This runner may be
actuated in the following manner-At or near the lower end of the tubo
A a slot or slots are formed to admit the handle or lever II, such lever being
attached to the tube A by the pin or rivet I, which is the fulcrum of the said
handle, K, a projecting piece fixed around the long runner E, E; one
end of the handle or lever I takes a bearing on the piece K, as shown at the
Figure 7. It will appear evident that by depressing the handle H at the
point L the opposite end of the said handle or lever will cause motion of the
runner F, F, in an upward direction and of the runner D in a downward
direction, together with the parts in connection therewith, whereby the

page_text: parasol will be opened, and the closing effected by a reverse movement of
the handle II. By this peculiar arrangement of the several parts, and the
novel application of the lazytongs levers B, B, and parts in connection
therewith, the range or distance, through which the pin G (in the Figure 1)
or parts connected to the runner have to pass is considerably diminished, and
the opening and closing of the parasol is rendered more easy and effective, than
by the means hitherto employed for a similar purpose.
I would here remark
that the arrangement and disposition of the ribs and stretchers being precisely
similar to those shewn at the Figure 1, they are denoted by similar letters of
reference, being placed upon corresponding parts in all these Figures. The
Figure 8 represents a partial vertical section of an ordinary parasol in its
closed state with the last-mentioned improvements attached thereto.
Figure 9 is a vertical section of the parasol in its distended form; similar
lettors of reference are placed upon and denote corresponding parts to
those shown at the Figures 6 and 7. The opening of the parasol, shewn at
the Figures 8 and 9, is effected by pushing the runner F, F, in an upward
direction, and the closing by a reverse movement of the said runner.
erm.
The Figure 10 shows another arrangement and application of the lazytongs
levers B, D, (in the Figures 8 and 9, to a similar parasol to that shown at
the Figure 1, and is a partial sectional elevation of the parasol in its distended
The difference between the arrangements shown at the Figure 10
and those before mentioned is in the form of construction of the lazytongs
levers B, B, by arranging the said levers with respect to each other in such a
manner as that they encompass or surround the stick or tube A, as shown at
the Figure 10, their connection with the runners and other parts being in all
respects similar to the arrangements shewn at the Figures 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
In the Drawing marked No. 2 the several Figures exhibit different views of
umbrellas and parasols constructed and arranged upon the principles and
according to the nature and intention of my said Invention after the manner
herein-after described; similar letters of referenco are placed upon and denote
corresponding parts in all the Figures, in so far as such parts are shewn or
can respectively be seen at the different Figures. The Figure 1 represents a
vertical section of the upper portion of an umbrella as it appears when opened
or distended. A, A. is the tube or stick, at the upper part of which the top
notch B of peculiar construction is made fast; C, C, the runner, sliding freely
upon the tube or stick A; D, D, represents steel ribs attached to the top notch;
E, E, marks short rods, attached at their upper ends to the top notch B by the
same wire that passes through the ribs; the lower ends of the rods E, E, are
constructed with forks (see the detached Figure 12), which clip or hold the

page_text: stretchers, and are connected thereto by a rivet, which is the fulcrum of the said
stretcher; each of these stretchers so arranged and constructed is connected at its
lower extremities to the runner notch (a detached plan view of which is shewn
at the Figure 3), by a wire in tho ordinary manner. The upper extremity of
the said stretchers, which are forked (as shewn at the Figure 7), holds a piece
of metal G which fits loosely upon the ribs D, and is connected to the piece G
by a rivet, as shewn. The umbrella is opened or closed in the following
manner The runner C is connected to a sliding tube L placed within the
stick or tube A by a screw K, and a piece of wire or rod M is attached to the
sliding piece L (and piece g in Figures 28 and 29), and by pulling down tho
said rod the parts in connection therewith will be acted upon and effect the
opening of umbrella, which may be retained in this position or closed by spring
catches O and P (see Figures 5 and 6), the action and arrangement of which
is as follows: To the sliding tube or piece L springs O and P are attached;
this tube may be slided in an upward or downward direction until the point of
one or other of the springs O and P are brought opposite to a hole formed in
the tube or stick A, when the point of the spring will immediately enter the
said hole, and projecting beyond the outer surface of the stick or tube, will
arrest the passage of any thing coming in contact therewith. For instance, to
keep the umbrella open or distended, as at Figure 1, the sliding tube or piece
I must be moved downwards, when the spring P, entering the hole in the stick
or tube A, will retain the umbrella in that position. This spring may bo
released by pushing the rod M and piece L in an upward direction, when the
spring O, entering the hole in the stick or tube A, will keep the umbrella
closed, as shewn at Figure 5. In order to prevent the dropping of the ribs,
the top notch B is bevilled at its under side, as at I, I, Figures 1, 2, 5, to
receive the ends II of the stretchers F, which are made to a corresponding
angle (as shown detached at Figure 8), and so cause the surfaces 1 of the top
notch and the ends of the stretchers to be brought into close contact, they
being retained by the means above described. Should it be found more con-
venient in practice, the inclined surfaces I, I, at Figures 1, 2, 5, may be made
to act as springs, or the ends of the stretchers may be made elastic, as at
Figure 9. As an additional security, a frill or slotted piece Q (shewn in plan
at Figure 4) is attached to the runner C and receives the ribs, as shewn. The
Figure 10 exhibits a modification of the arrangement of the parts shewn at the
Figures 1 and 5, and constituting an umbrella or parasol. A, A, marks the
tube or stick; B, the top notch; C, the runner; D, the ribs; E, E, the
stretchers; F, tension rods connected to the stretchers, as shewn ; and G, slides
connected to the said stretchers. The construction of this umbrella or parasol

page_text: is as follows: The top notch B is flat at its under side, and the diameter of
the notch is made nearly equal to the diameter of the frame or combination of
parts when closed. The stretchers E, E, are constructed at their inner ends
Hat right angles, or nearly so, to the sides of the stretchers, as shewn detached
at the Figure 11, in order that the ends of the said stretchers may abut against
the under side of the top notch, as shown, whereby the ribs are prevented from
dropping, and by this form of construction the several parts are brought into a
smaller compass than by the arrangement shewn at the Figure 5.
The Figure 13 exhibits a partial vertical section of a parasol, the construction
of which is a modification of the form shewn at the Figure 1, and differs there-
from in the following respects:-The rods E, E, according to this arrangement
are placed below the stretchers F, F, as shewn, and connected to the stick by
a fixed notch B*. C, C, marks the runner, fitting loosely upon the stick or
tube A, A; this runner is constructed and arranged as follows:-To the upper
part of the said runner the top notch B is fixed for carrying the immer ends of
the ribs D, D. Below this notch another notch B is fixed, and carries one
end of the stretchers, the other end being connected to the ribs by the slides
G, G, as shown; or the slides G, G, may be attached to the stretcher and rib at
the point 1 of the rod E, or the stretchers F and the rod E may be separately
connected to the slide G at the points a, a, as shewn in the detached Figure
13. The operations of opening and closing this paraso! are effected in the
following manner, viz., by pulling and pushing respectively the rod M in oppo-
site directions. The runner C, C, is connected thereto by the screw K, and
will be acted upon, carrying with it the inner ends of the ribs and stretchers
F, and the parasol will thus be closed. It is sufficiently obvious that a
reverse movement of the parts will open the parasol. The red lines show
a similar arrangement to that lastly mentioned, with the exception of the
rods E, E, which are made somewhat longer, thus affording more space or
head room. The Figure 14 exhibits a vertical section of the last-mentioned
parasol as it would appear when closed.
The Figure 15 exhibits another arrangement of some of the parts of an
umbrella or parasol having a solid stick, and the same arrangement may also
be applied to umbrellas or parasols having hollow sticks or tubes, such as those
herein-before described, and represented at the Figures 1, 5, 7, 10, 13, 14.
At the Figure 15, A, A, marks the stick; B, the top notch, to which the
inner ends of the ribs D are attached; C, the runner, to which the inner ends
of the stretchers Fare attached. The runner C is constructed with a solid
ring or flanch F (shewn in plan view at Figure 15*), which is an abutment
for the inner ends of the stretchers. Thus, as the runner C is slided or moved

page_text: in an upward direction, it will carry with it the inner ends of their the
stretchers, until the said stretchers rest upon the ring or flanch F*. By this
arrangement the stretchers are capable of being moved considerably nearer to
the top notch, whereby greater space is obtained below the stretchers.
of construction.
The Figures 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 20, shew different arrangements of parts
to be employed for retaining umbrellas or parasols in an open or closed state.
The Figures 16, 20, & 20, shew arrangements applicable to umberellas
and parasols of the above-mentioned constructions, and the Figures 18, 19, 20
shew arrangements applicable to umbrellas and parasols of the ordinary forms
At the Figure 16, A, A, marks the tube or stick; C, C, a
runuer, fitting loosely upon the said stick, so as to be easily slided thereon. The
peculiar construction and arrangement of this runner is as follows:-To one
part of this runner a spring catch R is fixed by one end, the other end being at
liberty to move, so as to hook or take into holes 1 and 2, formed in the runner
and stick, as shewn at the above Figure. This catch is disengaged from the
stick in manner following:-To the slide L. (shewn at the Figure 6) a ring S is
connected by a screw K. This ring encompasses the runner loosely, and upon
being slided or moved in an upward or downward direction by the agency of
the rod M, and the parts in connection therewith, the ring will be brought into
contact with the curved incline of the catch R, and the spring become disen-
gaged from the hole 1 (as shewn by the red lines), the elasticity of the spring
forcing the catch into the hole-2 when it has arrived at that point, and is dis-
engaged therefrom in manner before stated. At the Figure 17, A, A, marks
the stick or tube; g, g, a slide fitting loosely therein; X, a spring catch, fixed to
the said slide; W, a sheath or cover, fitting loosely upon the outside of the tube
or stick. This sheath is connected to the slide 9, 9, by a screw K. The
Drawing shews the catch when locked to the stick, by entering a hole formed
therein, and it is disengaged therefrom in the following manner-The sheath
W has inclined surfaces or indentations 3 and 4 formed therein, into which the
end of the catch X takes, having inclined surfaces corresponding to those in
the sheath formed for that purpose. The space 5 above the screw K is pro-
vided in order that the catch X may be released before the slide y is acted
upon. It will be sufficiently obvious that this is effected by moving the slide
into the position shewn by the red lines. The inclined surface or indentation 4
will force the catch into the stick, and then the point 5 will be brought into
contact with the screw K, and the slide thus acted upon until it has passed
through the extent of its range, when the catch X will enter a hole 2 and the
upper indentation 3 of the sheath W. A reverse movement will release the
catch. At the Figure 18, A, A, marks the stick of an umbrella or parasol of

page_text: the ordinary form of construction; C. C, the runner, upon which a slide
D*, D, fits loosely; S, S, are hooked catches, attached to the upper and
lower ends of the runner C, C, as shewn. One end of each of these catches
takes into a projecting piece, attached to or formed upon each end of the slide
D*, D. The catches are kept in close contact with the stick or tube by
pressure of the springs T, T; thus, as the slide is actuated, the catches S,S,
will be alternately acted upon, and have the effect of fastening the umbrella or
parasol in the desired position.
The Figure 19 exhibits two corresponding views of another arrangement
of parts, to be employed for retaining umbrellas and parasols in an open and
closed position. A, A, marks a portion of the stick or tube, and B a runner
fitting loosely thereon. Attached to tho said runner at the points 1, 2, is the
spring catch S, S, the extremities of which hook upon projections 3 and 4,
formed or placed upon the upper and lower part of the said stick, and at or
near the precise point where the hooked or curved ends 1, 2, of the spring
catch would be when the umbrella or parasol was opened or closed. The
catches are disengaged from the stick or tube by pressing the spring catch S, S,
at the point 5.
At the Figure 20, A, A, marks the stick of an umbrella or parasol of the
following construction:-At that part of the stick where the runner is when
the umbrella or parasol is open, as shown by red lines, the stick is made some-
what larger, whereby the upper part of the runner is forced into contact with
this part of the stick, the said runner being divided or split for that purpose.
The Figure 20 exhibits another arrangement of parts to be employed for
retaining umbrellas and parasols in an open or closed position. X marks a
spring, similar to that used in the handle of a penknife, in which the blade
is made to slide in and out of the handle; the screw K, which is connected to
the said spring, is made to fit the holes 1 and 2, formed at the upper and
lower extremities of the slot h; by pressing the screw into the tube A the
catch will be disengaged from the hole 1, and the screw, which is made smaller
at one part, will be at liberty to pass along the slot until it arrives at the
opposite hole 2, when the elasticity of the spring will force the catch into the
hole, thereby retaining the umbrella or parasol in the required position.
The Figure 22 exhibits an elevation of a double top notch, to be employed
with the arrangements shown at the Figures 1, 5, 7, 10; the upper portion B
of the said top notch (Figure 22) receives the inner ends of the ribs, and
the under portion 13** receives the upper ends of the rods marked E in the
Figures 1, 5, 7; this notch is substituted in the place of the notch marked B
in the last-mentioned Figures.

page_text: The: Figure 22 exhibits another form of construction of top notch. i marks
the part to which the ribs are attached, and the part to which the silk.or
top of the cover is made fast.
The Figure 23 exhibits two views of a steel rib for umbrellas or parasols:
C is a side elevation, and D an edge view of the said rib; the construction of
this rib. is as follows:-The inner end D¹ of the rib, or that part which is
attached to the top notch, is made forked, for the purpose of keeping the ribs
steady in the notch; D, the outer end of the rib; or that part to which the
cover is fastened; from this point the rib is made smaller than the upper part.
of the rib, as at C, Figure 23, whereby great facility is afforded to the opening
of the frame composed of such ribs; and further, by rendering the rib elastic;
by making it thinner at any intermediate peint between E and F, as for
instance, at either of the points marked 1, 2, 3.. different figures of flexure or
shapes may be produced. Another mode of forming the ribs is by tapering
them from the top D¹ to the end F, which will terminato nearly in a point;
this form of rib, as well as. that before mentioned, applies to ribs constructed
without the forked ends, shewn at Figures 23 and 24, and without reference
to the material or materials of which such ribs are composed.
The Figure 24 exhibits two views, similar to those lastly above mentioned
of the mode of constructing ribs composed chiefly of whalebone.. D marks the
whalebone, surmounted by a forked cap D'; G* marks a piece of metal, the
ends of which are inserted and made fast in the bone for the piece G to slide
upon.
The Figures 25 and 26 shew an improved mode of constructing the ends of
parasols and umbrellas, and is as follows:-A, A, mark the tube or stick ;
Y, a metal plug, securely fixed to the said stick by soldering or otherwise, the
lower end of the said plug has a screw. cut around it, upon which the piece Z
fits; the upper edge of this piece abuts against the under edge of the tube.or
stick A, as shewn.
The Figure 26 shews another construction of plug, the upper portion of which
fits into the tube or stick A, and the lower portion is of the same diameter
as the outside of the stick; by these arrangements the stick is not weakened
by rivet holes, and the splitting of the tube entirely obviated.
Tho Figures 27, 28, 29, 30 exhibit several views of an arrangement for
opening and closing parasols and umbrellas. The Figure 27 is a partial
elevation of the stick or tube of an umbrella. The Figure 28 is a vertical
section of the said stick, exposing to view the internal arrangement and
disposition of the several parts contained therein. The Figure 29 is a similar
section to Figure 28, shewing the action of the springs, hereafter mentioned.

page_text: A, A, marks the stick or tube of an umbrella or parasol; C, the runner,
fitting loosely upon the said stick; a, a screw which connects the runner to
the pioce c; the screw a works in a slot of peculiar construction, formed in
the stick, as shewn at the Figure 27. M, M, a metal rod, the upper part of
which is made square, in order that it may pass through the picco c, which has
a square holo formed therein, without advancing the said piece; d, a cylindrical
piece, fixed upon the rod M, and fitting loosely in the stick or tube A; upon
the upper side of this piece a helical spring f* rests; a corresponding helical
spring rests upon the upper side of the piece c, and is contained between it
and the screw collars c, upon the upper end of the rod M, which has a serew
cut around it to receive the said collars. g, a slide, attached to the lower end
of the rod M; K, a screw, inserted in the slide g; this screw works in a slot
of peculiar construction formed in the stick, as shewn at the Figure 27,
where h marks the slot; and 9 and 10, the slot diverted from a straight line,
for the following purpose:-Suppose the parts to be in the position shewn at
the Figures 27 and 28, it will appear evident that by moving the screw K
down the sloth the rod M will pass through the piece c without advancing it,
at the same time the upper spring will be collapsed, and retained in that
position by the shoulder 7, until the screw K is passed down the part 10 of
the slot h, which will cause the rod M to turn, together with the piece c,
thereby releasing the screw a from the shoulder upon which it rests, and
bringing it into the slot 6; the helical spring will by its elasticity force down
the runner and parts in connection therewith, whence the opening of the
parasol; to close which, the screw K. must be pushed up the slot h, the screw
in its passage up the part 10 of the said slot will cause the screw a to be
forced into the recess 8, and will be retained there until the screw has arrived
at the top g of the slot h, when it will be brought into the slot b, and the
helical spring f*, which has been collapsed by pressure of the piece d, will be
released, and the runner and parts in connection therewith forced upwards,
whence the closing of the parasol.
The Figure 30 exhibits an elevation of the runner C, C, shewn at the
Figure 7; this runner has a long hole formed therein to receive the screw a,
and admit of its moving indipendently of the runner in a horizontal direction.
The Figure 31 is a partial vertical section of the upper portion of an
umbrella or parasol, exhibiting an arrangement for retaining it in an open or
closed state; the above Figure represents it closed; and the Figure 32
represents a portion of two ribs as they would appear when distended.
The Figure 83 exhibits the upper part of a rib detached from the parasol
or umbrella.

page_text: The Figure 34 is a horizontal section of a top notch of novel construction,
shewing the arrangement and mode of attaching the ends of the ribs thereto.
The Figure 35 is an elevation or profile of the said notch, and the Figure 36
is a vertical section of the above-mentioned notch, shewing the mode of
securing the ends of the ribs; similar letters of reference are placed upon and
denote corresponding parts respectively in all these Figures. A, A, marks the
tube or stick of the umbrella or parasol; B, the runner; C, the runner notch,
to which the inner ends of the stretchers E are attached; F, F, the ribs,
peculiarly constructed, as follows:-at the detached Figure 33, P marks a pin
securely fixed in a hole formed through the rib, as shewn at the above Figure.
The Figure 34 shews the heads of the ribs placed in the top notch D, the
construction of which is shown at the Figures 35 and 36, where R marks the
upper and under projections or flanches of the said notch brought into close
contact, as at the Figure 36, the pin of the rib being previously placed
between the said flanches or projections; the means employed for retaining
the umbrella or parasol in its distended form is as follows:-Immediately
above the top notch D, and around the tube or stick A, a piece of metal or
flanch N, shewn at the Figures 31, 32, 37, is placed; the under side of this
piece is kept in close contact with the ends of the ribs F, F, as at the
Figure 31, at which Figure the ends of such ribs are shewn of peculiar
construction, in order that they may have a firm bearing against the picce N,
when the umbrella or parasol is closed; and when open, as at the Figure 32,
the ends of such ribs may take or hook into holes 0, 0, formed through the
piece N, as shewn at the detached Figure 37. The following arrangement of
parts is employed for disengaging the ends of the said ribs :-The rods M
and M are made half round, or nearly so, and when together assume the
appearance of a round rod; the rod M is attached at its upper and lower ends
to the slides L, L, and to the runner B, as shewn at the Figure 32. The
rod M has liberty of vertical movement through the said slides, and is
connected at its upper extremity to a piece Q, which is attached to the
piece N by a screw or pin working through a short slot or opening formed in
the tube or stick A; the lower extremity of the rod M' being attached to a
ring U, it will appear evident that by pressure of the said ring in an upward
direction the piece N will be forced upwards, and the ends of the ribs
disengaged thereby; the pressure of the helical spring W prevents the rib
from dropping when the umbrella or parasel is closed, and secures the picce N
upon the ends of the ribs when open, as shewn at the Figure 32.
Having thus described the nature and intention of my said Invention, and
also in what manner the same is to be ascertained and performed, I now

page_text: declare that I claim as of my Invention the particular modes of arrange-
ment, and the particular combinations of parts, together with the principles
of construction upon and according to which such particular modes of arrange-
ment and such particular combinations of parts are made, and by which the
same are carried into practical effect; and I declare such the aforesaid cir-
cumstances of modes of arrangement, combinations of parts, and principles
of construction to be in the manner, and, in fact, as I have herein-before
specified, described, and set them forth in this my said Specification and
Drawings thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac Abraham Boss, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.