THREE DIFFERENT ENGINES OR CONTRIVANCES FOR CUTTING SHEET LEAD INTO ANY REQUIRED BREADTHS, FOR THE MAKING Or WATER PIPES OF ANY DIAMETER AND STRENGTH, ACCORDING TO THE SERVICE REQUIRED, AND FOR THE COVERING OF CHURCHES, HOUSES, AND ALL OTHER BUILDINGS WITH BUCH LEAD, OR WITH COPPER OR BRASS, AFTER A MANNER NOT HITHERTO USED; AND ALSO A NEW PUMP, ENGINE, OR FORCER, FOR RAISING OF WATER WITH A PER- PENDICULAR STROKE, WHICH WILL ANSWER THE PURPOSE OF A COMMON PUMP, OR OF AN ENGINE TO RAISE WATER TO ANY USUAL HEIGHTH, OR FOR EXTINGUISHING OF FIRE
Year: 1741

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
CREED, of East Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Second did, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Ninth day of September last past, give and grant unto me, the said
James Creed, licence, full power, sole priviledge and authority, to make, use,
exercise, and vend, my Inventions of "THREE DIFFERENT ENGINES OR CONTRIVANCES
FOR CUTTING SHEET LEAD INTO ANY REQUIRED BREADTHS, FOR THE MAKING Or
WATER PIPES OF ANY DIAMETER AND STRENGTH, ACCORDING TO THE SERVICE
REQUIRED, AND FOR THE COVERING OF CHURCHES, HOUSES, AND ALL OTHER BUILDINGS
WITH BUCH LEAD, OR WITH COPPER OR BRASS, AFTER A MANNER NOT HITHERTO USED;
AND ALSO A NEW PUMP, ENGINE, OR FORCER, FOR RAISING OF WATER WITH A PER-
PENDICULAR STROKE, WHICH WILL ANSWER THE PURPOSE OF A COMMON PUMP, OR OF AN
ENGINE TO RAISE WATER TO ANY USUAL HEIGHTH, OR FOR EXTINGUISHING OF FIRE,"
to hold to me, the said James Creed, my executors, administrators, and assignes,
for the term of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent; in
which Letters Patent is contained a proviso that if I, the said James Creed,
should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Inventions,
and in what manner the same are to be performed, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in the
High Court of Chancery within four calendar months after the date of the
said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent should cease and become

page_text: void, as by the said Letters Patent, relation thereunto being had, may more
at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Creed, in pursuance of the
said proviso in the said Letters Patent contained, do describe and ascertain
the nature of my said Inventions, and in what manner the same are to be
performed, as follows (that is to say):-
The said three different engines or contrivances for cutting sheet lead into
any required breadths, for the making of water pipes of any diameter and
strength according to the service required, and for the covering churches,
houses, and all other buildings, with such lead, or with copper or brass,
after a manner not hitherto used; the nature thereof, and manner of per-
forming the same is by knives or cutters, either streight or circular, the streight
knives or cutters to be fixed by screws and nutts in one or more peices of
wood, iron, or other mettall, and the circular knives or cutters to be made
either to turn round on a pinn or axis in an iron frame like a pulley, such
frame to be fixed in one or more such like peices of wood, iron, or other
mettal as aforesaid, or circular knives or cutters made to slip on and fixed
with rolers between them upon a square axis of wood or iron, such axis to
turn round with the said knives or cutters thereon; the knives or cutters of
either sort to be placed at such distances as are the breadths of the slipps,
which the sheets are required to be cut into; then fixing the said axis, (with liberty
of turning round), or any of the said peices of wood, iron, or other mettal with
the said knives or cutters therein, by screws or bolts, or otherways, cross the
frame of a lead mill or such like frame. And the said sheets of lead are cutt
by drawing the same against the edges of the said knives or cutters and
between the same by means of the iron rolers of the lead mill or by rolers to
be fixed for that purpose, or the same may be performed by drawing such
knives or cutters through the sheets of lead opened on a platform for that
purpose. And the slipps of lead so cut are turned up into pipes by means of
rolers of wood, iron, or other metal, turned with a wynch or otherways, one
with grooves or channels made therein round the same, suitable to the diameter
of the outward surface of the pipe, another roler made with couver ledges or
ridges thereon round the same, answerable to the cavities of the said other
roler, so as to turn therein, and draw the lead through the same, and then
passing it between two rolers, both made with groves or channels to form the
outward surface of the pipe; between which two last-mentioned rolers is
placed a ball, whose magnitude is proportioned to the inside diameter of the
pipe, which ball the intended pipe passeth over, by which means the inside of
the pipe is formed, and at the same time the edges are scraped fit for soldering

page_text: by a tool fixed on the frame which holds the ball. The above will answer for
thin lead, but for thick lead the slips to be turned up by hollow circular
moulds, and pinched or pressed together on cylindrical cores, and scraped for
soldering by a tool fixed in a kind of plain like such as joyners or carpenters
use, then soldering the same, the pipe will be made. These pipes to be secured
and strengthned by inclosing them in a hollow case of timber, wrought to fit the
pipe exactly, and uniting such timber case composed of two or more peices,
and the pipe with or without paint by wood screws, screws with nutts of iron,
copper, brass, or other metall, or with hoops made with wood, iron, copper,
brass or other metall. By this timber case less substance of lead will be suf-
ficient, and the pipes in buildings will be better supported, and the same
timber may be a strength and support to the building, whereas the weight of
lead pipes as commonly made, if of large diameter, becomes a load to the build-
ing, and is difficult to keep from sinking. And the said covering of buildings,
as aforesaid, is by laying on boards prepared with ledges raised thereon, or
small, channells sunk therein at the distance of two, three, four or more feet
from one another; thin sheets or slips of lead, copper, or brass, the lengths
thereof to lye cross the rafters of the roof, and the breadths down the slope of
the roof, such, breadths to be of one or two feet, more or less, and lap over
each other, and the lengths to be in such proportion to the spaces or distances
between the said ledges or channells that the ends of the slipps may turn over
or up against the said ledges or down into the said channells. And if the said
slips be made only to turn up against the said ledges, or down into the said
channells, and not to cover them, they are to be covered with other slipps of
such lead, copper, or brass, the same folding over the ends of the slipps that
lap up against the sides of the ledges, or turning up under the ends of the slips
in the channells, or the roof being boarded in spaces alternately higher and
lower by the thickness of the boards, the lower spaces to be covered with the
aforesaid slips, turning up their ends, and the higher spaces to be covered with
the same, turning down their ends over the ends of the other slips into the
lower spaces; and the said slipps may be laid on the boards with or without
paint, and suitable to any form which the roof may be of.
And the said new pump, engine, or forcer, for raising of water with a
perpendicular stroke, which will answer the purpose of a common pump, or
of an engine to raise water to any usual heighth, or for extinguishing of fire,
the nature thereof and manner of performing the same is as follows (that
is to say):-
The body of this pump, engine, or forcer, is made up or put together into one
peice, consisting of an air vessell, with one, two, three, or more barrells, each

page_text: barrell having a sucker and buckett, with a rod working through a small hole in
a cap, which screws on, or is fastned by nutts and screws to and covers the head
of the barrell with leathers for the rod to work through, fastned by screws or
otherways to the cap, that little or no water may come through the same; and
as the water rises in the barrell, it is delivered into a pipe lett into the barrell
near the top, and soldered thereto, which pipe extends down the side of the
air vessell to the bottom thereof, where the said pipe is open, and communicates
with the air contained in the said vessell; and the said pipe also extends up-
wards into an open cistern at the head of the said barrell, with a stopcock or
screw at the head of the said pipe, which being open, the water as it rises in the
said barrell is delivered through the said stopcock or screw unto such open
cistern, and thence through a nossill, as in common pumps; but by turning the
said stopcock, or fixing a cap on the said screw, the water is forced, by means of
compressing the air contained in the said air vessell, into another or additional
pipe lett in and joined to the said first-menčoned pipe, near the top thereof,
and is conveyed through such additional pipe in a continual stream to any
usual heighth or with a great velocity through a brass or copper elbow and
pipe for extinguishing of fire, and with or without leather pipes, as used in
such cases; or any of the said last-mentioned pipes may be screwed or fastned
on to the stopcock or screw in the pump cistern, or to any stopcock, screw,
or pipe placed in any other part of the said first-mentioned pipe communicating
with the air vessell. The above is the method of working this engine as a
lister, and it may be worked as a forcer by omitting the cap to the barrell and
changing the buckett for a plunger or forcer, and changing the place of de-
livering the water out of the barrell into the pipe, by letting such pipe into
the barrell near the bottom thereof instead of near the top, and with the
addition of a valve in such pipe, fixing the pin which passes through the lever,
and on which the same works, on the farther side of the perpendicular rod
from the handle, which, in the case of a lifter, is fixed on the side nearest the
handle. The barrells, pipes, air vessell, and pump cistern are made with
copper, brass, or lead, or part of one and part of the other, fixed in a frame or
case of timber, strengthened with iron work; and this pump, engine, or forcer
is to be worked by lever, pendulum, or swing handle, wheel or crank, and by
the power of men, horses, wind, water, fire, or any other power. The me-
chanicall contrivance for working with a perpendicular stroke is by means of
a slit or eye in the leaver or handle working on a roler, or a plain handle or
leaver working between two rolers, the roler or rolers for this purpose being
placed in a slitt or eye in the rod of the pump engine or forcer; and for guiding
the rod perpendicularly, there are two wheels working against upright peices

page_text: and turning on their axes, which pass through the rodd. The said wheels
placed either on each side of the said roler or rolers, on which the handle
works, or one above and the other below the same, or those wheels may be
omitted, and it will work perpendicularly, being guided by cross peices for the
rodd to work through as regulators, with or without wheels in such cross
peices; and by means of shifting the pin or center of motion on which the
leaver or handle works, the stroke may thereby be lengthned or shortned, and
consequently more or less water delivered at each stroke, in proportion to the
heighth it is to be delivered at, or to the velocity with which it is to be thrown,
and to the power to be applyed.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Creed, have hereunto sett my hand
and seal, this Seventh day of January, One thousand seven hundred and
forty-one, and in the fifteenth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord
George the Second, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain, France,