Improvements in Stone Cutters' Mauls.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Apr., 1899-Accepted, 20th May, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Stone Cutters' Mauls.
We, JOHN ALEXANDER TULLOCH, Gentleman, and JAMES GEORGE HARRIS,
Surgeon, citizens of the United States of America, residing at 9, West 1st
Street, in the City of Duluth, County of St. Louis, State of Minnesota, United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement;
Our invention relates to mauls especially designed for the use of stone cutters.
One of the essential features of the invention is to provide a maul which will
provide striking surfaces of two different materials, one to give a somewhat
vibrant blow and the other to give a dead or non-vibrant blow.
To accomplish this result, the invention consists in providing a series of
novelly constructed, horizontally arranged courses composed of wood or wood
fiber, on the one part and of leather or rubber or rawhide on the other part,
the courses composing the striking surfaces being glued or cemented together
and apertured to receive bolts or rivets for securing the parts firmly together
and for the insertion and securing of a handle.
The invention also consists of certain other novel constructions combinations
and arrangements of parts, as will be hereinafter described and specifically claimed.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through a maul constructed in accord-
ance with our invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagrammatical view showing the arrangement of the courses of
the striking surfaces.
Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view through the body of the maul in the
line of the courses.
Fig. 4 is a detail plan view of a striking course of full diameter.
Fig. 5 is a detail plan view of a segmental course.
Fig. 6 is a plan view of the lower metal securing plate.
Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view of the upper end of the wedge, and
Fig. 8 is a sectional view through the upper end of the handle.
In most mauls heretofore constructed, only one striking material is presented
and the exterior caps have been provided with projecting nuts or rivets, which
injured the hands and the courses of the material employed were not so con-
structed as to effect tight joints and the construction would not admit of the
employment of distinctly different striking materials. Another objection to
mauls now in use, where several courses are employed, is that the metal binding
plates are too far apart and the handles are insecure, the construction lacking
solidity, comfort and efficiency. Our invention is designed to overcome these
difficulties.
A maul constructed in accordance with our invention which is now to be
described, will have two striking surfaces, which would give a somewhat vibrant
blow and two striking surfaces which would give a dead or non-vibrant blow.
D
037

page_text: The courses which are secured together to produce a vibrant blow are composed
preferably of layers of wood or wood fiber and the courses which are secured
together to produce a dead or non-vibrant blow, are composed of leather or raw-
hide. The striking surfaces thus produced, are composed of courses arranged
alternately of layers of full diameter approximately of the shape as shown in
Fig. 4 and of segmental pieces of approximately the shape as shown in Fig. 5.
The first vibrant course a is of wood or wood fiber and extends integrally from
one side of the implement to the other and is provided with a central aperture
for the passage of a handle D and with apertures bb for the passage of rivet
bolts . The first non-vibrant course c is composed of leather or rubber or
rawhide arranged on the same plane as the course a¹ and is divided into two
segmental parts as shown in Fig. 5. The second vibrant course a² is of wood
or wood fiber and is divided into two segmental parts, the same as shown in
Fig. 5 and the second non-vibrant course 2 which is on the same plane as the
second vibrant course a², is of leather or rubber or rawhide and extends integrally
from one side to the opposite side of the said implement as shown in Fig. 4. A
sufficient number of these courses thus arranged, are employed to complete the
striking surfaces of the desired sizes and the courses are glued or cemented on
their upper and lower faces and on their contacting edges, which edges are ver-
tically bevelled as shown in Fig. 2. The effect of thus bevelling the edges is
that when the parts are pressed together vertically the leather or rubber or
rawhide will wedge horizontally against the adjoining wood courses and make
tight joints. We regard this as an important feature of our invention. The
leather or rawhide or rubber courses are each made up of a suitable number of
pieces preferably laid and glued upon each other horizontally.
Full discs cc of any suitable material as leather, rubber, rawhide, wood or
wood fiber, are laid next to the striking courses and glued thereto and the whole
is then firmly pressed under heavy pressure between two full size disc metal
plates BB, which plates are suitably apertured for the passage of rivet bolts & bl
and also apertured and threaded for the reception of screws 6862 as shown in
Fig. 6. The upper plate B and disc c are centrally apertured to form an air
vent and the lower plate B and the disc care centrally apertured for the passage
of the handle 1). It is obvious that the upper plate B might be located on
outer surface of the maul instead of between the outer cap and full size disc c.
When the parts have thus been arranged, the rivet bolts 161 are then inserted
and the rivet heads hammered out on their upper ends respectively, preferably
while the parts are still held together tightly in a proper press.
A lower cap A preferably constructed of wood or wood fiber is secured to the
outer surface of the lower circular metal plate B by means of screws 62 62 as
shown in Fig. 1. The handle D is then inserted into place, the handle being
preceded by a conical shaped wedge, the wedge being seated into a socket d
formed in the handle; the inner end of the handle being bored out for this pur-
pose and is sawn vertically into quarters as downwardly from the top, as
shown in Fig. 8, the extreme inner edge of the said handle being also preferably
bevelled as shown at in Fig. 7. The wedge is made preferably conical
in shape to fit into the socket d formed in the handle and splay or wedge the
quartered walls of the same, when the handle is driven in and thus firmly secure
the handle in place. The central aperture of the striking courses for the recep-
tion of the handle, is made of slightly greater diameter than the handle for a
portion of the distance of said aperture downwardly from the top plate B to
accommodate the expansive or splayed end of the handle when the handle is
inserted and wedged. In inserting the handle, the conical wedge strikes the
top plate B and is forced into the socket end of the handle and wedges or splays
the circular portion of the same, and thus permanently and firmly keys the
handle in place. If desired, the top plate B may be secured in place before
the handle 1) is inserted, in which case, it is advisable to centrally aperture
the cap A with a continuation of the air vent E so that the air cushion will not

page_text: be formed at the end of the handle 1). A soft rubber cloth or leather cushion F
may if desired, be affixed by any suitable means to the under side of the lower
cap A as a protection to the hand of the operator, the hand frequently coming
in contact with the under side of the tool in operating the same.
The striking courses may be of uniform thickness or of a relatively varied
thickness and may be of the same relative number or otherwise, that is, if so
desired one course of leather may be of the same thickness as two courses of
wood or vice versa so long that the completed instrument presents substantially
the same appearance and striking surface. Before the final pressure, the leather
courses are a trifle deeper vertically than the wood courses, which causes them
to wedge together when pressed against the wood and the pressure levels the
mass and drives the glue into the pores of the materials. We contemplate using
such other materials in place of wood and leather respectively, as may be found
suitable and desirable, where the same object sought can be obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is;-
1. A maul for stone cutters use, comprising in its construction a single cylin-
drical body portion having two or more striking surfaces, formed of different
kinds of material which adjoin each other and are of entirely different composi
tions, one of the striking surfaces being composed of wood, wood fiber or other
analogous material and giving a vibrant blow; and the other striking surface
being composed of leather, rubber, rawhide or other analogous material and
giving a non-vibrant blow, and a suitable handle which enters the body portion
from the end, the whole being properly secured together substantially as
described.
2. A maul for stone cutters use, comprising in its construction a body portion
proper having two or more striking surfaces one of which gives a vibrant blow,
and the other a non-vibrant blow, the vibrant striking surface being formed
of courses composed of wood or wood fiber or other analogous material arranged
alternately to extend continuously from opposite sides of the implement and
in segments, and the non-vibrant striking surface being formed of courses com-
posed of leather, rubber, rawhide or other analogous material, arranged alter-
nately to extend continuously from opposite sides of the implement and in
segments, the courses being glued or cemented together and further held in
place by bolts or rivets, substantially as described.
3. A maul for stone cutters use, comprising in its construction a body portion
proper having two or more striking surfaces, one of which gives a vibrant blow
and the other, a non-vibrant blow, the vibrant striking surface being formed
of courses composed of wood or wood fiber or other analogous material arranged
alternately to extend continuously from opposite sides and in segments, the seg-
ments resting within the continuously extending portions, and the non-vibrant
striking surfaces being formed of courses of leather, rubber, rawhide or other
analogous material arranged alternately to extend continuously from opposite
sides of the implement and in segments, the segments resting within the con-
tinuously extending portions, and the courses being glued or cemented together
and further held in place by bolts or rivets, substantially as described.
4. A maul for stone cutters use, comprising in its construction a body portion
proper having two or more striking surfaces, one of which gives a vibrant blow,
the other a non-vibrant blow, the vibrant striking surface being formed of
courses composed alternately of wood or wood fiber or other analogous material
arranged to extend continuously from opposite sides of the implement and in
segments, and the non-vibrant striking surface being formed of courses com-
posed of leather, rubber, rawhide or other analogous material arranged alternately
to extend continuously from opposite sides of the implement and in segments,
the courses being glued or cemented together on their upper and lower faces

page_text: and on their contacting edges, which edges are vertically bevelled to form tight
joints, and are further held in place by suitable bolts or rivets, substantially as
described.
5. A maul for stone cutters use, comprising in its construction a body portion
constituting a striking surface composed of courses of suitable material each
course being formed of segmental pieces, the courses being cemented together
on their upper and lower faces and the segmental pieces constituting a course,
being cemented on their contacting edges, said edges being bevelled vertically
to form tight joints, metal circular plates arranged at the top and bottom of
the courses rivet bolts passed through the said courses and caps composed of
wood or wood fiber or other analogous material applied on the circular metal
plates and secured in position by screws, substantially as described.
6. A maul for stone cutters use, comprising in its construction a body portion
proper constituting a striking surface composed of courses of suitable material,
each course being formed of segmental pieces, the courses being cemented
together on their upper and lower faces and the segmental pieces on their con-
tacting edges, said edges being bevelled vertically to form tight joints, metal
circular plates arranged at the top and bottom of the courses, rivet bolts passed
through the said courses, caps composed of wood or other analagous material
applied on the circular metal plates and secured in position by screws or rivets,
the upper cap being provided with an air vent, a handle secured in said portion,
said handle being quartered at its inner end and provided with a socket, and a
wedge inserted in the said socket, substantially as described.
7. A maul for stone cutters use, comprising in its construction a body portion
proper, constituting a striking surface composed of courses of suitable material
each course being formed of segmental pieces, the courses being connected
together on their upper and lower faces and the segmental pieces on their con-
tacting edges, said edges being bevelled vertically to form tight joints, metal
circular plates arranged at the top and bottom of the courses, rivet bolts passed
through the said courses, caps composed of wood or other analagous material
applied on the circular metal plates and secured in position by screws or rivets
and a cushion applied to the lower cap for protecting the hand of the operator,
substantially as described.
8. A maul for stone cutters use comprising in its construction a body portion
proper having two or more striking surfaces of different kinds, one of which gives
a vibrant blow, and the other a dead or non-vibrant blow, the vibrant striking
surface being formed of courses composed of flat pieces of wood, wood fiber or
other analogous material arranged with their flat faces adjoining each other and
the non-vibrant striking surfaces being formed of courses composed of leather,
rubber, rawhide or other analogous material and with their flat faces adjoining
each other, and a suitable handle, the whole being properly secured together,
substantially as described..
9. A maul for stone cutters use comprising in its construction a body portion
proper having two or more striking surfaces of different kinds one of which
gives a vibrant blow and the other, a dead or non-vibrant blow, the vibrant sur-
faces being formed of segmental courses composed of flat pieces of wood, wood
fiber or other analogous material, arranged with their flat faces adjoining each
other, and the non-vibrant striking surfaces being composed of flat pieces of
leather, rubber, rawhide or other analogous material and with their Hat faces
adjoining each other and a suitable handle, the whole being properly secured
together, substantially as described.
1
1
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicants.