matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kent at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March
1871.
.I, JOHN KENT, of the Town and County of Nottingham, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improved means of securing the bristles
or fibres in the back or stock of a brush, so that each tuft is firmly
embedded therein, and cannot even be pulled out without great difficulty.
Bristles or fibres have been sometimes secured without glue or adhesive
material by means of a wire staple bound round each tuft, and placed
with the points downwards in a hole drilled partly through the back
or stock in which the points of the staple are embedded.
My Invention consists in securing each tuft of bristles or fibres by
means of an eyelet in combination with a wire placed with the ends or
points upwards in a hole in the back or stock into which the points are
forced or embedded by pressure applied to the cyclet.

page_text: In making a brush the bristles or fibres are first sorted into bundles,
cach sufficient to form a tuft by doubling it at the middle so as to bring
the ends of the bristles together. A short length of wire is bound
round each bundle of bristles at the middle, and a tuft formed by
doubling them, as above mentioned, the ends or points of the wire and
of the bristles being laid in the same direction. The doubled end of
the tuft and the wire are then passed together through a collar or cyclet,
by which the bristles are confined, leaving the ends or points of the wire
free, one at either side of the cyclet. The back or stock of the brush
has holes drilled partly through it at proper distances apart, each of
suitable depth and size to receive a tuft, which is secured therein inde-
pendently of the rest by means of its wire, as hercin-after described,
the holes being slightly countersunk to receive the flange of the cyclet.
The doubled end of the tuft with its wiro is inserted in the hole in the
back, and the collar or cyclet surrounding the tuft being also pressed
down into the hole, the ends of the wire are thereby splayed outwards
in opposite directions and forced into the substance of the back, forming
barbs which prevent the withdrawal of the tufts. This result is also
aided by the flango of the cyclet, which is spread by the pressure and
firmly embedded in the back (the hole being slightly countersunk as
above mentioned), whereby the tuft is held with great security.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DIP CANDLES AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOB
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pickering at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
September 1871.
I, JOHN PICKERING, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Chandler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DIP CANDLES AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOB,” to be as follows, that is to say :—
My Invention refers to improvements in the manufacture of dip
candles by which the regularity and true cylindrical form of moulded
candles may be obtained.
With this view I employ in connection with the dipping operation
a hollow plate perforated and each perforation lined with a thimble of
a double cone form, the two cones meeting at their smaller diameters.
This perforated hollow plate is heated by steam or hot air, and is placed
in the bath of tallow in such position that the lengths of wick
hanging from the rods in the dipping frame each pass through one of
the perforations in this hot plate in the descent of the wicks into the
tallow and again on emerging from it, and thus as the wick becomes

page_text: loaded with the tallow a true cylindrical form is given to the tallow
by its passage through the plate. During this operation the molten
tallow is kept in constant agitation by any suitable means, so that all
the elementary constituents of the tallow may be kept intimately
combined and prevented from separating.
At a suitable depth and regulated by the length of candle I am
making, a plate acting as a false bottom is placed in the tallow bath,
and the candles in their descent touch this plate and are thus formed
flat at the bottom.
As it is essential that the wicks should be in a position to pass through 1
the hollow plate, their verticality with the perforations in this plate must
be ensured by so placing and maintaining them upon the dipping rods
that they cannot readily shift.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING RANGES, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FLUES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Mines at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th April 1871.
I, HENRY EDWARD MINES, of Cheltenham, in the County of
Gloucester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING RANGES, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FLUES
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the prevention of the smell of
cooking in houses where close kitchen ranges are employed, and consists
in carrying off the smoke and products of combustion from the range by
a flue or flues separate and distinct from the chimney or passage along
which the effluvium arising from cooking escapes, so that the latter
passage can remain always fully open without interfering with the
draught of the fire.
In applying this Invention to an existing range I fit on to the upper
mouth of the existing fire flue or flues a metal or other pipe, which is
caused to extend, say, from seven to eight feet up the chimney, and I
remove the brickwork and register door which usually closes the arch
over the range in order to afford free escape of the effluvium into the

page_text: main chimney, whilst the smoke and products of combustion pass wholly
up the before-mentioned pipe.
"
In new houses I prefer so to construct the smoke flue and the flue for
carrying off the effluvium that they shall be separate and distinct from
the bottom to the top. The smoke flue or flues in the new range is or
are cast on the back plates or coves," and open into that passage or
chimney which is intended for the smoke, whilst the open mouth of the
arch above the range communicates with the other flue or passage
which carries off the effluvium.
IMPROVED CLOTH OR MATERIAL TO BE USED AS OR FOR CALICO PRINTERS' BLANKETS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Walker at the Office of.
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1871.
I, JOSEPH WALKER, of Clayton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED CLOTH OR MATERIAL TO BE USED AS OR FOR CALICO
PRINTERS' BLANKETS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a cloth or material from
which washing blankets used by calico printers may be made.
In the manufacture of cloth for calico printers' blankets I apply to
a groundwork of cotton or linen cloth india-rubber in the soft state,
that is, previous to vulcanizing; the india-rubber surface is afterwards
covered with powdered leather, the leather is then partially imbedded
in the india-rubber by the pressure of rollers. This cloth has an
absorbant surface well adapted for absorbing superfluous colour.
The powdered leather referred to is obtained from curriers' shavings
and other waste or refuse leather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF COLD
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gamgee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May
1871.
I, JOHN GANGEE, of No. 1, Great Winchester Street Buildings, in
the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF COLD," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the artificial production of
cold by the use of certain volatile liquids, and consists in the applica-
tion and use in suitable proportions or quantities of crude wood naphtha,
methylic alcohol, acetone, and organic liquids of low atomic weight,
either alone or in combination with ether, formiate or acetate of methyl,
or other volatile substances, and I propose to employ the same either
with the refrigerating or ice-making machine for which I applied for
Letters Patent on the 16th day of December 1870, No. 3296, or with
any other refrigerating or ice-making machine or apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISHES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert James Steele at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th December 1871.
I, ROBERT JAMES STEELE, of No. 7, Bankside, Sculcoates, Hull, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISHES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE
USED FOR THIS PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of varnishes according to this Invention I employ
superheated steam or heated air for melting the gums and resins used in
the manufacture of varnish, and for heating the oils with which such
gums and resins are to be amalgamated. For this purpose the lower
part of the pan or vessel in which the gums or resins are to be melted
is surrounded by a jacket or casing, and superheated steam or heated
air is introduced into the space between the jacket and the pan
or vessel. From the jacket the steam or air is conducted away by a
pipe to be employed for heating the oil, the pipe for this purpose being
by preference formed into a coil within the pan or vessel in which the

page_text: oils are to be heated, and the waste steam or air is led away from the
end of the coil by a suitable escape pipe.
By this arrangement the superheated steam or heated air is first
employed for melting the gums and resins for which a high temperature
is required, and subsequently for heating the oil for which it is not
necessary to use so high a temperature. In order to keep the gums or
resins and the oil agitated while they are being heated each pan has
mounted centrally within it a vertical axis having arms or blades
standing out from it, and these axes at their upper ends are driven
by suitable gearing. When the gums or resins have been thoroughly
melted, and are ready for amalgamating with the oil, the liquid gum
is run off through an outlet pipe into the oil vessel in which the oil has
been previously prepared.
For supplying superheated steam to the jacket or casing of the pan
in which the resins are melted steam is led from a steam boiler through
a coil of pipe placed in the flue from the furnace of the boiler, and the
steam thereby becomes superheated in its passage to the jacket or
casing.
casing.
The lower part of the jacket
surrounded by such flue.
ог
casing may also if desired be
IMPROVEMENTS FOR OBTAINING VENTILATION IN WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Abrahams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
October 1871.
I, JULIUS ABRAHAMS, of Sydney Street, Commercial Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for
"IMPROVEMENTS FOR OBTAINING VENTILATION IN WEARING APPAREL," to be
as follows:-
:-
These improvements relate to all kinds of wearing apparel, but more
particularly to waterproof garments, and have for their object the
obtaining of ventilation, that is to say, allowing air to get to the inside
of the coat by means of suitable openings.
The improvements consist in furnishing all sorts of garments, but
more particularly waterproof coats, with openings made in the seams,
or what I call "open seams," that is to say, that certain openings are
left in the seams at any desired intervals; the seams are kept apart
at the desired intervals by the introduction of another piece of the same
material as that of which the garment is made, or other material may
be used

page_text: In some cases piping may be used, or the seam may be left altogether
open and other material put underneath to connect the two parts. The
openings can be made not only in existing seams, but false seams or
joints may be made to allow of the openings being left. The openings
arc intended in some cases to be inade in the lower side of or all round
the seam of the sleeve, in which case these improvements comprise the
making the top scam of the sleeve to join on to and meet the side seam
of the coat, so as not to have the scam of the sleeve where the "open
seams are; otherwise, if made in the ordinary way the wet might
"under the seam. These openings or
pass through the “ open seams
"
"6 open seams
"
may be applied to any kind of garment, whether
waterproof or otherwise, but they are particularly adapted to waterproof
coats.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CARRYING AWAY THE REFUSE PROM SEWERS IN TOWNS AND MANUFACTURIES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Harrison Granger and
Jean Paul Louis Hyan at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 31st May 1871.
We, THOMAS HARRISON GRANGER & JEAN PAUL LOUIS HYAN, of
Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF
CARRYING AWAY THE REFUSE PROM SEWERS IN TOWNS AND MANUFACTURIES," to
be as follows:-
We cause the sewage gases to be led away by means of a partial
vacuum in the smaller sewers into the main sewer, and conveyed through
it to a place of treatment, so that instead of gases from the sewage
issuing from the sewer openings in streets, sculleries, and closets, as at
present, and thereby infecting the atmospheric air in streets, harbours,
and houses, the scullery and closet openings are turned into exhausters
and help to clear the air. The suction of the sewage gases to the place
of treatment is caused by a chimney at the opening of the main sewer
of about the same cross section as the sewer, there being a furnace in
which the sewage gases are burnt, and the heat caused by their com-
bustion establishes a strong draught in the chimney. In order to avoid

page_text: the unnecessary suction of atmospheric air which would impair the
strong draught in the system of sewers through the openings of the
street sewers and the openings in closets and sculleries, all these openings
are furnished with self-acting hermetic fastenings which are only opened
when their respective pipes are to be used, and afterwards closed to
prevent the entrance of atmospheric air. The keys of the fastenings of
the street sewers may be given to authorized persons, who can when
required let the water into the sewers. We cause the waste steam of
the working engine of the establishment for treating sewage to be let
into the before-mentioned chimney. by means of a blast pipe in order
to increase the draught in the sewers. In order not to be entirely
dependent on draught to draw off the sewage gases we employ when
required an air pump or blowing machine which draws the air out of
the sewers and forces it through the grate of the furnace.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF EXTRACTING THE EDIBLE PART OF SHRIMPS FROM THE SKIN, AND OF TREATING THE SAME FOR ITS PRESERVATION, WHICH PROCESS MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HERRINGS, SPRATS, AND OTHER FISH,
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Durand at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1871.
I, FRANÇOIS DURAND, of No. 10, Muscum Street, Bloomsbury, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF EXTRACTING THE
EDIBLE PART OF SHRIMPS FROM THE SKIN, AND OF TREATING THE SAME FOR ITS
PRESERVATION, WHICH PROCESS MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PRESERVATION OF
HERRINGS, SPRATS, AND OTHER FISH," to be as follows :—
It has hitherto been the practice, firstly to boil the shrimp and then
to remove the skin. This method of operating is very tedious, and when
large quantities of shrimps are to be prepared also very expensive,
further the flavour of the shrimp is greatly deteriorated by the process.
I propose to take shrimps in their live state when the shell or skin is
soft and the body a semi-fluid, to place them in a bag or envelope of any
suitable fabric having a web sufficiently open to permit the passage of a
pulpy semi-fluid substance, and to submit them in this state to pressure
in any kind of press which I may find suitable until all the edible portion

page_text: of the shrimps has exuded from the bag or envelope, nothing being
retained therein but the skins or outer shells.
I gather this extract into any suitable vessel which I cover and placo
in another vessel containing boiling water.
When the extract is sufficiently cooked, I propose to pot or bottle it
in porcelain, glass, or other vessels; or it may be cooked in closed tins
or glass or other vessels after the ordinary manner of tinning preserved
meats. This extract will keep good for an indefinite period, and may be
caten like other potted comestibles, or be used for flavouring sauces for
which it will be found greatly superior to the ordinary boiled shrimp.
Shrimps may be thus treated in any quantities; it will only be
necessary to have pressing and cooking apparatus of suitable dimensions.
Herrings and other fish, often caught in such immense quantities that
they rot before they can be properly cured, and are either entirely
wasted or simply spread over the land as manure, may also be treated in
a similar manner to the shrimp, and the edible matter expressed may
be preserved as previously described for shrimps and in various other
ways, and the scales and refuse left in the bag may be dried to form a
valuable manuro portable in small bulk.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Marshall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1871.
I, GEORGE MARSHALL, of Russell Street, Darlington, in the County
of Durham, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in the construction of walls are as follows:-I
propose to build walls nine inches and half thick with bricks of the
following dimensions. In length nine and half inches by three inches
and seven-eights square on section, with a cavity or space of one inch
and three-quarters between the bricks that are laid parallel or side by
side, and I bind or bond them together with bricks laid in the form of
a header, or at right angles to the longitudinal walling, or in some
instances I bind the two parallel lines of bricks together by cramps
fitted into prepared bricks for receiving the ends of the cramps.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING CALCULATIONS APPLICABLE TO WEIGHTS, MEASURES, TIME, AND MONEY
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Sellers, of Cleckheaton, and Edwin
Hopkinson, of Bradford, both in the County of York, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING
CALCULATIONS APPLICABLE TO WEIGHTS, MEASURES, TIME, AND MONEY."
Sealed the 19th April 1872, and dated the 21st October 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Sellers and Edwin
Hopkinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st October 1871.
WE, JOHN SELLERS, of Cleckheaton, and EDWIN HOPKINSON, of
Bradford, both in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING
CALCULATIONS APPLICABLE TO WEIGHTS, MEASURES, TIME, AND MONEY," to be
as follows:-
:-
This Invention consists of a cylinder enclosed in a case, having a
longitudinal slit or aperture to exhibit a portion of the cylinder.
The

page_text: numbers for multiplicand or amount to be calculated from are marked
at one end of the cylindrical surface, and the multipliers are marked on
the side of the slit in the case, and the quotients are also marked on the
cylinder opposite the multipliers, so that by turning the said cylinder to
bring the required number of the multiplicand opposite the slit, and
then by looking at the number or amount of multiplier marked on the
side of the slit, the quotient will be found opposite to it on the said
cylinder.
For example: In calculating the wages of workpeople, for which
this machine is more especially intended, supposing the number of hours
per week to be sixty the side of the slit is divided equally into sixty
parts and numbered in consecutive order, and these parts may be
subdivided into quarters, and supposing the rate of wages to range from
thirty shillings per week down to one shilling per week, then the
circumference of the cylinder is divided into thirty and figured, and
those divisions lined longitudinally and calculated quotients properly
arranged therein in consecutive order, so that if it be required to find
the wages for, say, forty hours at thirty shillings per week by turning the
cylinder until the number thirty on the said cylinder appears at the slit
aperture of the case then the amount of twenty shillings will be found
marked on the cylinder opposite to forty on the case, and so on for any
other number of hours and at any other rate of wages, the amounts
being all calculated and marked on the cylinder in proper arrangement
and relative position to the figures on the case.
So also if the machine is to be used for reckoning weights or measures
the cylinder and its case will be suitably divided and marked or ficured
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR STIRRING, AGITATING, OR MIXING DYE LIQUORS ANd Matters USED IN PREPARING INDIGO VATS FOR DYEING FABRICS OR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Oldroyd, Mark Oldroyd,
and Joshua Woodcock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th May 1871.
We, JOHN OLDROYD and MARK OLDROYD, junior, of the Firm of
Mark Oldroyd and Sons, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, Woollen
Manufacturers, and JOSHUA WOODCOCK, of the same Place, Dyer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR STIRRING, AGITATING, OR MIXING DYE LIQUORS ANd Matters
USED IN PREPARING INDIGO VATS FOR DYEING FABRICS OR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an upright shaft or spindle upon which
are fixed one, two, or more arms, blades, or paddles, and this shaft is
mounted in suitable bearing placed in the bottom of the vat. On the
upper end of said shaft is formed a socket or other suitable form, to
which a portable shaft may be readily coupled, such shaft being of
sufficient length to extend above the top of the vat and to gear with a
cross shaft, which may be driven by either hand or power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richards, George Law-
rence, and Joseph Lingard at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th April 1871.
We, JOHN RICHARDS, GEORGE LAWRENCE, and JOSEPH LINGARD,
trading under the Style or Firm of Richards, Lawrence, and Lingard,
of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Jewellers, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN
ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
Our improvements apply to such articles of jewellery that may be
conveniently handled and admit of sufficient bulk to give effect to our
Invention, which consists in adapting and combining a scent bottle with
lockets, brooches, bracelets, rings, or other articles of jewellery.
In giving effect to our Invention we may make the receptacle for
holding the scent bottle proper (for holding the scent or perfume) of
cut glass, metal, or other material that will contribute or add to the
any suitable
general appearance; and the said receptacle we ornament in
or approved manner, a stopper, either screwed or otherwise, and con-
nected if preferred with a suitable ornamental chain, being provided for

page_text: When using
confining the scent or perfume within the said receptacle.
this combination as a brooch we apply the pin and catch for attachment
at the back of the receptacle by filigree work or other means of attach-
ment, and a loop or ring for a chain or ribbon connection when adapted
for a locket. In like manner our improved combination may be arranged
and fashioned for ready adaptation to bracelets by connecting the part
that encompasses the arm suitably to a glass, metal, or other hollow
receptacle for holding the scent or perfume, the stopper or cover being
arranged accordingly; and this arrangement also applies when carrying
out our Invention in a diminished form for finger rings.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF ATTACHING STEEL OR IRON SHOES TO THE FEET OF HORSES WITHOUT THE USE OF NAILS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Craufurd Crossman and Joseph
Henry Ferguson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th January 1871.
We, CRAUFURD CROSSMAN, of Number 12, Dawson Street, in the City of
Dublin, a Major late in Her Majesty's Bengal Army, and JOSEPH HENRY
FERGUSON, of Number 105, Grafton Street, in the said City of Dublin,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF ATTACHING STEEL OR IRON SHOES TO THE FEET OF
HORSES WITHOUT THE USE OF NAILS," to be as follows:-
The said shoes are to be attached to the feet of horses by means of
leather or other straps, metal rings, and buckles, such straps, rings, and
buckles to be attached to the shoes by brass, metal, or other rings and
plates fastened by brass or metal screws or rivets to such shoes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Charles Lennox Lenox
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition,
on the 28th September 1871.
I, GEORGE CHARLES LENNOX LENOX, of Millwall, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in anchors which have for
their object to obtain a better hold on the ground, to facilitate the
operation of catting and fishing the anchor, and to enable it to be
stowed in a convenient position flush with the ship's side.
In caying out my Invention I connect the stock to the shank of the
anchor so that it is free to slide a short distance along the same, the
extent of this movement being limited by suitable stops or collars on the
shank. Upon the latter is formed a slow spiral or guide, upon which the
stock fits, so that in moving along the shank from one stop to another
as above mentioned the stock is caused to turn a quarter round, that
is, to assume a position at right angles to that which it before occupied.
When moved towards the head of the shank the stock stands at a right

page_text: angle to the arms or flukes (its proper position for use), and when it
slides down the shank it is caused to turn until it is in the same plane
with the flukes, thereby enabling the anchor to be snugly stowed
close against the ship's side. The stock is connected to the cable
by chains or their equivalents, which draw the stock up to its proper
position at the end of the shank immediately the anchor is let go.
In weighing anchor the chains which keep up the stock slacken and
allow the stock to descend and turn as soon as the cat hook is attached,
and the anchor is suspended from the cat head.
I prefer to make the palms of the flukes of the well known "bay
leaf" form, as they are less liable to foul the cable; and to facilitate the
operation of "fishing" I make a small recess at either side at the base
of the palm, where it springs from the fluke, of such size and shape as
to hold the cat hook and prevent its slipping off, but without presenting
any projection on which the cable could foul.
I also make the arms or flukes of the anchor somewhat egg shaped
in cross section, with an edge extending along the fluke from the throat
to the point, the blade being in front of the palm. This edge facilitates
the entrance of the fluke into the ground, and as it does not break it
up
in advance of the fluke the jumping of the anchor out of the ground
when under strain is prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNING OR CONSUMING SMOKE AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
September 1871.
I, JOHN WHITE, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Mill Master, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNING OR CONSUMING SMOKE AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to burn or consume the smoke
escaping from the combustion of fuel in furnaces, thereby effecting
economy in fuel;
and the apparatus or means by which the said object is
effected consists of a chamber situated in that portion of the flue beyond
the fire-grate.
The chamber is situated so that the flame and burning gases pass
onwards through it from the fire-grate to the flues, and in the sides of
the chamber a series of openings are formed through which the unburnt
gases escape into side receptacles. The chamber is formed of fire-brick
or other refractory material, and beneath it another chamber is situated
divided throughout the greater portion of its length by a diagonal

page_text: diaphragm, and air is drawn or forced by a fan or otherwise in under
the lower side of the diaphragm, and arriving at its end furthest from
the fire-bars rises to the upper side thereof, where coming into contact
with the hot under surface of the chamber first referred to the air
becomes heated and escapes through one or more openings at the fire 5
bridge as heated air, which mixing with the gases escaping from the fuel
on the grate effects their more perfect combustion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND MEANS OF TURNING THEM INTO TRAVELLING BUFFETS OR REFRESHMENT SALOONS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
December 1871.-A communication from abroad by Cavalier
Francesco Martorelli, of Naples, in the Kingdom of Italy.
I, JOHN DENCE, of 78, Gracechurch Street, in the City of London,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND MEANS OF TURNING THEM INTO
TRAVELLING BUFFETS OR REFRESHMENT SALOONS," a communication to me
from abroad by Cavalier Francesco Martorelli, of Naples, in the
Kingdom of Italy, to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in making a railway carriage into two
floors. To accomplish this purpose the floor of the carriage is lowered
to nearly the level of the axles of the wheels, or lower if required,
and then the whole space thus gained is divided into two floors in
the following manner:-The lower floor has the standing room in the
middle of the carriage longitudinally, having the two side spaces of
less height, so as to be used only for sitting, or as spaces in which to fit
dining tables, when the carriage is used as a travelling buffet. The
upper floor has a corridor running round the entire carriage, excepting

page_text: that portion where the entrance to the carriage is, and it has its seats
over the roof of the standing room of the lower floor.
One or both the ends of the lower floor may be used as kitchen when
required. Provision is made in one or both the floors for a toilet room,
watercloset, smoking, reading, or sleeping rooms, according to the 5
purpose for which the carriage is made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING PRECIPITATED SEWAGE AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Parry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th August
1871.
I, FRANCIS PARRY, of Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING PRECIPITATED SEWAGE AND OTHER
LIKE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for drying precipitated sewage known as "mud"
and applicable to the drying of other moist substances, and consists,
essentially of a large shallow receptacle of wrought iron or other
material and of a circular form resting upon wheels running upon a cir-
cular tramway, a slow rotatory motion being imparted to such receptacle.
by any convenient or well known arrangement of gearing worked by .
steam or other power, or, if desired, the receptacle may be stationary.
Above this receptacle there is fitted a stationary hood which envelopes..
the entire area of the same, and inside this hood there is a conical
chamber communicating at its upper contracted portion with a hot air

page_text: "
pipe or with a flue pipe leading direct from a furnace. An intervening
space is left between the hood and the inner conical chamber, up which
the vapour and heated gases and air pass off to a chimney, and, if
necessary, through a charcoal box or other well known means for
deodorizing the same. The hot air should be forced down on to the
surface of the "mud or other substance to be dried by means of a'
powerful draught obtained either by the use of a tall chimney, or by a
fan or other blower, or both combined. On the under side of the said
receptacle there is fitted a steam chamber, into which exhaust or other
steam or hot air, if desired, enters by a central pipe, suitable cocks being 1
provided for the escape of the water of condensation when steam is used.
The “mud” is thus simultaneously subjected to top and bottom, heat
and becomes dried in a very short time. The substance to be dried may
be fed in either intermittently or continuously from a feed box or trap
which fits into one side of the hood or cover, to which a spreader may
also be attached, and by giving a sufficiently slow motion to the circular
receptacle the substance may be dried at one or more revolutions, the
caked and dried substance being scraped off the bottom by a stationary
scraper and discharged..
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING AND IN LOOMS THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th June 1871.-A communication from abroad by Joshua
Heilmann and Paul Heilmann, both of Mulhouse, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING AND IN LOOMS THEREFOR," to be
as follows:
1
The Invention consists in dispensing with the ordinary shuttle, and
weaving with one or more weft threads wound on bobbins and disposed
at either side of the warp, which threads are introduced and laid between
the two webs of the warp by means of pickers or needles mounted at
either side of the loom, and which are driven to and fro by suitable
mechanism in and out through the warp somewhat in the manner of
a shuttle. Each picker or needle is slightly grooved at its point to
catch a weft thread and carry it through the warp to the opposite side.
The weft threads so introduced are beaten up by the reed as usual. The
selvedges produced may vary according to the number of leaves employed,

page_text: or according as the strokes of the pickers or needles are made alternately
or otherwise. When a series of weft threads are employed they are
arranged and operated by suitable mechanism, so that any particular
thread may be brought in line with the picker to be worked into the
fabric as required. .
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRODUCING CURRENTS OR OTHERWISE DEVELOPING MOTIVE POWER BY MEANS OF HEAT, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Anderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
September 1871.
I, JAMES ANDERSON, of Newbuildings, in the County of Londonderry,
Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRODUCING CURRENTS OR OTHERWISE DEVELOPING MOTIVE POWER BY
MEANS OF HEAT, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to
say :-
This Invention has for its object to secure increased economy and
advantage in producing currents or otherwise developing motive power
by means of heat, and it consists mainly in igniting a mixture of com-
bustible gas and air in a continuous manner in a chamber or channel
near a nozzle or orifice through which the gases of greatly increased
volume due to the combustion issue in the form of a jet. Such jet may
be applied to produce a current of air or other fluid (for the
purpose
blast, for example), by means of any suitable apparatus selected from the
numerous kinds already in use or proposed for producing currents by
means of jets of steam; or the gases resulting from the combustion
of a

page_text: and issuing from the ignition or combination chamber or channel, or a
current of mixed gas and air produced by the jet action of the gases
is led into a reaction turbine so as to thereby impart rotation to
machinery. Or again, the ignition or combination chamber may be
the hollow arms or body of the turbine itself. The ignition or com- !
bination chamber or channel is to be lined with fire-clay or other
suitable refractory and non-conducting material to retain heat sufficient
for insuring the continuous ignition or combustion of the gas and to
prevent loss of heat. The combustible gas and the air are led to the
ignition or combustion chamber under a suitable pressure by separate 1
pipes, or they may be led to it in a mixed state by one pipe, but in this
latter case a diaphragm of porous material must be interposed at the
inlet into the ignition chamber to prevent the ignition from extending
back along the supply pipe. There may of course be two or more
nozzles, orifices, or outlets to one ignition chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE JOINTS OF METALLIC BEDSTEADS, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER METALLIC FURNITURE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Geering and Samuel
Tidmarsh at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th November 1871.
We, HENRY GEERING, of the Firm of Geering and Leather, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Bedstead Manufacturers, and
SAMUEL TIDMARSH, also of Birmingham aforesaid, Foreman in the
employ of the said Firm, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE JOINTS OF METALLIC BEDSTEADS, WHICH
SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER METALLIC FURNITURE," to be
as follows (that is to say) :-
Our improvements in metallic furniture such as bedsteads, couches,
cots, and other like articles entirely relate to the joints of the same, that
is to say, the mode of connecting the rails to the posts or legs of such
bedsteads or corresponding parts of such like articles, and consist in so
fashioning the rail that it shall readily engage or connect itself with the
cast angle so as to avoid the necessity of two castings as generally
adopted

page_text: In giving effect to our Invention we divide, slit, or otherwise free the
ends of the sides of the angle rails, and bend the said freed parts into a
curve or angle, but by preference we adopt the curve, which curved
part may be so continued in its curvature as to form a circular joint or
knuckle like a hinge, or it may be curved in any less degree as may be
preferred. A rail end thus formed is used as a chill, around which the
molten metal is poured, forming the angle or joint, and through or to
which the leg or post of the bedstead or other like article is secured, so
that by adopting this process the cast joint becomes perfectly uniform
so as to be capable of receiving the end of any foot or side rail made
after the same pattern as the rail end chill or metal mould before
referred to. The upper surface of the angle iron forming the rail may
terminate square or of any suitable shape, but we prefer curving the
inner corner and sinking such part into the iron of the cast angle or
joint by forming a corresponding recess in the same for receiving it.
We have not thought it necessary to describe the means we adopt for
curving or bending the ends of the rails, as this may be effected in
various ways provided that exactness is obtained.
If bent into a continuous knuckle the same process now practised in
the manufacture of wrought-iron hinges will answer well, as the knuckle
so formed will be of an uniform shape and size.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING SASH FRAMES AND SASHES, AND HANGING THE SAME SO AS TO PERMIT THE SASHES TO BE REVERSED OR REVOLVED AT PLEASURE FOR CLEANING OR REPAIRING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Davis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
August 1871.
I, HENRY DAVIS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Pattern
Maker to Messrs. Hart, Son, Peard, & Co., of London and Birmingham,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING SASH FRAMES AND SASHES, AND
HANGING THE SAME SO AS TO PERMIT THE SASHES TO BE REVERSED OR REVOLVED
AT PLEASURE FOR CLEANING OR REPAIRING," to be as follows (that is
to say):-
My improvements consist in constructing the sash frame with the
parts against which the sashes slide sufficiently thick to permit the
formation of sunken grooves, and which parts may be rabbeted or other-
wise treated for receiving the front and outside of the sash frame, as
well as to receive the sash beads and pulley frames, which must be
placed in a line with the grooves herein-before referred to.
The sashes differ very little from sashes ordinarily constructed with
the exception that metal plates with strong pins attached or connected

page_text: •
with the same are secured on each side of the sashes so as to form axes
between the top and bottom of the sash rails; and to these axes hollow
metal links are applied; that is, two to the top sash, and two to the
bottom sash, one on each side, and at the top ends of these hollow
loops holes are formed for passing in the ends of the sash cords, which
ends by preference I untwist and place within the untwisted part a
small cone, after which I tie the untwisted strands together by a small
cord being laid around the surplus part being trimmed off; the ends will
lie buried within the cavity formed in the metal link before referred to,
and form a substantial and enduring mode of connecting the sashes to the
sash cords: Sash frames and sashes thus constructed permit by the
removal of the beads the sashes to be readily reversed so as to turn the
inside out and the outside in at pleasure, for the convenience of
cleaning and repairing.
The rectangular metallic links and the sash cords occupy and work
up and down in the grooves first described in the sides of the sash frame.
It is not essential that a parting bead should be used, as the metal
links working in the grooves before referred to confine the sashes in their
respective positions for vertically elevating or lowering the same. On
the top rail of the top sash and bottom rail of the under one I apply
'pins and sockets so placed that when the sashes are respectively up and
down all looseness is prevented at the top and bottom of the sashes,
the action of the sash fastener securing them in the middle.
For the purposes of ventilation one or both sashes by a suitable.
arrangement of the sash beads may be converted into louvres by their
depression inwards or outwards from their vertical position, working on
the lateral axes before referred to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING GAS, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE FOR REGULATING AND MEASURING THE PRESSURE OF STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Campbell Eyton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th March 1871.
I, WILLIAM CAMPBELL EYTON, of the Albert Iron Works, Warring-
ton, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING GAS,
PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE FOR REGULATING AND MEASURING THE PRESSURE OF
STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows: —
My Invention is applicable to gas cooking apparatus, to laboratory,
and other purposes requiring a steady heat, and one that can be easily
regulated according to the temperature required.
My improved apparatus consists of a series of burners to which a
mixture of inflammable gas and air is supplied, and the burners are
supplied with a current of air that has been heated in passing through a
chamber or chambers forming part of the apparatus and heated by the
gas that is being consumed.
In order to ensure a constant supply of gas at uniform pressure I cause
the gas to pass through a a vessel in which is an inverted cup fitting
in a mercury or other lute, this cup is perforated and is balanced by a

page_text: float in a water column, one end of which column is exposed to the
pressure of the air, and the other to that of the gas. This regulating
apparatus may be used to regulate the pressure of steam and other
fluids.
My improved guage for ascertaining the pressure of gas and other
fluids consists of a U-shaped vessel, in each leg of which is a piston
resting on mercury or other fluid; one of these pistons is connected by a
rod to another piston of a larger or smaller size, on which the gas or
other fluid whose pressure is to be indicated acts, the other piston is con-
nected to the index by which the pressure is indicated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS, CAPS, AND COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert William Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th April 1871.
I, HERBERT WILLIAM HART, of Victoria Street, Westminster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS, CAPS, AND COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as
follows:-
:―
My Invention of improvements in hats, caps, and coverings for the
head has for its object to ventilate or cause a circulation of air in these
articles so as to carry off the heat or vapours that may arise from the
head and keep the latter cool in sultry weather. To this end I form a
narrow open space between the lining and body of the hat both at the
front and the back so that air may pass in at the front near the forehead,
rise up between the lining and body of the hat, and after passing over
the top of the head will finally escape at the back through a long narrow
opening between the lining and the body of the hat. At the sides of the
head the hat is lined or padded with thin sheets of cork or other suitable
substance, so as to make the hat fit the head. By constructing the hat
or other covering in this manner a current of air will be caused to pass

page_text: through the hat and over the top of the head without creating an
uncomfortable draught.
In very cold weather and when a draught through the hat is not
desired the spaces at back and front may be partially or wholly closed
by moving round the cork padding or other slide or a portion thereof 5
from the sides to the back and front.