AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR HEADING BOLTS, RIVETS, SCREWS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES REQUIRING TO BE HEADED WHILST HOT
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Spalding Parfitt, of 60, Boulevart de Strasbourg,
Paris, Practical Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MACHINE
FOR HEADING BOLTS, RIVETS, SCREWS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES REQUIRING
TO BE HEADED WHILST HOT."
Paris, Practical Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MACHINE
FOR HEADING BOLTS, RIVETS, SCREWS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES REQUIRING
TO BE HEADED WHILST HOT."
Sealed the 23rd March 1860, and dated the 27th September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Spalding Parfitt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th September 1859.
I, JOHN SPALDING PARFITT, of 60, Boulevart de Strasbourg, Paris, Practical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MACHINE FOR HEADING BOLTS, RIVETS, SCREWS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES REQUIRING TO BE HEADED WHILST HOT," to be as follows:-
The machine can be applied to heading bolts of any required shape, and
likewise heading rivet screws or other similar articles. The rods intended for
making the bolts or rivets are previously cut when in a cold state into pieces
of the required length by any machine used for that purpose; the said pieces
of iron rods so cut off are placed in a hopper grooved at its lower part, so that
only a single piece can enter the groove at a time, the sides of the hopper
being cut through opposite to the groove for the free passage of the said
pieces, which are pushed out by a pin actuated by a special organ of the
machine; as they issue from the hopper they enter into apertures cut through
the pheriphery of a rotating furnace suitably disposed and in connection with
the machine. On the outside of the furnace there are small spring nippers
which hold the pieces of iron while the furnace rotates; the inside of the

page_text: furnace contains fuel in an ignited state, and blown from underneath either
by bellows or by a fan; only the part of the piece of iron intended to make the
head is heated. After one revolution of the furnace the pieces of iron being
heated to a suitable degree are seized by special pincers, which take them
from the furnace and carry them to suitable dies held in sliding jaws, which
being then closed the hot part of the piece of iron is headed first by a punch
which gives it a preparatory shape; this punch is carried by a ram which
carries also another punch placed under the first one, and the ram being
raised by a lever movement the second punch is made to stamp the head to
its final shape, the ram is driven forwards and backwards by a crook of the
driving shaft. While the bolt is being headed a fresh piece of iron is
introduced into the furnace, which being made to move brings another hot
piece of iron to the pincers, and the latter carry it between the dies, which
at this moment are ready to receive it, the previously headed bolt being
dropped down.
The annexed sketch which is a side elevation of the machine shows its main
features; F, furnace; J, blowing tube; T, hopper; A, frame of the machine;
R, ram; S, S', heading punches; B, driving shaft; D, pincers carrying the
pieces of iron betwen the dies; P, L, combined levers and rods for raising
or lowering the ram; C, second shaft carrying several cams to actuate the
several organs, viz., the furnace pincers, dies, and ram; t, rod impelling the
furnace.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Spalding Parfitt in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 26th March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, JOHN
SPALDING PARFITT, of Paris, 60, Boulevart de Strasbourg, Practical Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Spalding Parfitt, Her special licence that I, the said John Spalding
Parfitt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Spalding Parfitt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times

page_text: thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR HEADING BOLTS, RIVETS, SCREWS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
REQUIRING TO BE HEADED WHILST HOT," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Spalding Parfitt, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Spalding Parfitt, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
The heads of bolts of any shape are usually made in heading tools by
hammering; and several blows are required in order to get a perfect head,
either by hand, with a fly press, or under a steam hammer. The machine
which I have invented performs this work quicker and in a more perfect
manner than has ever before been done. This machine can be applied to the
making the heads of bolts of any shape, as well as of rivets, screws, and other
similar articles. Pieces of iron of the proper size for the bolts or rivets are
cut off to the required length by any machine or process. The said pieces of
iron thus cut off are put into a hopper grooved in the lower part, so as to
admit only one piece of iron at a time. The ends of the hopper are perforated
or cut open on one side in the direction and opposite to the groove, in order
to give a free passage to the pieces of iron which are pushed out by a rod
actuated by a special organ of the machine. One end of the said pieces of
iron as they issue from the hopper enters a moveable cast-iron round furnace,
which has an intermittent revolving motion on its axis. Small apertures are
cut around the periphery of the said furnace, and each aperture stops in its
turn, to allow the pieces of iron from the hopper to enter it. Fixed on the
outside of the furnace, opposite to every aperture, are small spring pincers,
which hold the pieces of iron while the furnace is moving round. The furnace
is supplied within with charcoal or any other kind of fuel, and the fire is kep
up either by bellows or by any other blowing apparatus, the tuyer of which
enters the centre of the shaft on which the furnace revolves. When the
pieces of iron which are carried round. by the furnace have travelled a whole
revolution, the portion of them which is in the burning coal being heated to

page_text: a suitable degree, they are seized by a pair of pincers, which bring them
between dies carried by sliding jaws lodged in the head or stoutest part of
the frame of the machine. The jaws are closed by cam-formed levers, so as
to hold firmly the end of the piece of iron, which receives a first pressure from
a punch, which gives it a preparatory shape. This first punch is carried by
a ram, which also carries a second one, placed below the first one. A crank
of the main shaft actuates the ram, giving it a horizontal forward and back
motion, and this produces the successive stamping of the head by both stamps,
whilst another crank of a lower shaft raises and lowers alternately the end of
the ram carrying the punches, in order to bring them opposite to the red-hot
iron which they are to stamp. During this time, the furnace having moved
the piece of iron which was carried away is replaced by a fresh piece from
the hopper, and the pincers which carried the first piece between the dies
having moved back, take hold of another piece, and carry it between the
same dies, which open to receive it, the finished bolt or rivet being knocked
out by a small lever, which causes it to fall under the machine.
The three first Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed exhibit the machine
of my Invention in all its features. The Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, being various
views of the whole machine, are to the scale of one-sixth; all the other Figs.
are views of separate pieces on a larger scale. The same letters of reference
indicate the same pieces in all the Figures.
Fig. 1, general elevation on the side of the gearings; Fig. 2, plan; Fig. 3,
general elevation on the side of the fly wheel; Fig. 4, vertical section through
the axis of the driving shaft, shewing the cam shaft; Fig. 5, vertical section
on the line 1, 2, shewing the piuching dies; Fig. 6, vertical and longitudinal
section through the middle of the machine. The whole apparatus is sup-
ported by a cast-iron frame A, A. Another cast-iron frame or stand resting
on some mason's work M, bears the furnace R. This round furnace is
shaped somewhat as a wash basin, with a convex centre, as shewn Fig. 1
and 3. The bottom is a ring-like recess, containing the ignited coal, which
is blown by the wind supplied either by bellows or by a blowing fan. This
wind passes through the pipe J into a boss N formed on the upper part of
the frame E. A vertical hollow tube, upon which the furnace F sets, runs
through the boss N, in which it can freely turn, so that the furnace may be
capable of receiving in the apertures cut around its periphery the pieces of
iron previously cut off and placed in the hopper T. The said hopper is shewn
separately half-size, Fig. 9 and 10. The furnace F is embodied with a ratchet
wheel, divided in as many teeth d as there are apertures cut around the
furnace. An intermittent rotating motion is imparted to the furnace by means

page_text: of a catch or pall e, carried by a vibratory lever I, shewn separately half-size,
Fig. 11 and 12; the centre of movement thereof is the furnace's shaft.
The vibratory movement is imparted to the lever I by the rod t, as will be
described hereafter. The machine is actuated by a belt running over the
pulley V, acting at the same time as a fly wheel. The said pulley is keyed
fast on the main shaft B, running in brass bearings x, x, fitted in the frame.
The shaft B carries a pinion P, gearing with a wheel R, the diameter of
which is double the first one. The said wheel is keyed fast on a lower
shaft C, running in bearings X, X, fitted in the frame A. The shaft C
carries all the cams which produce the various motions for moving and feeding
the furnace, transporting the heated iron to the dies for pinching and opening
the jaws which carry them, and for raising and lowering the punch holder
or ram.
To set the machine working, coal being put into the furnace and ignited,
pieces of iron cut off to the required length are placed in the hopper, which
pieces sliding down the inclined side fall into the grooved bottom 9 shewn,
Fig. 9 and 10, Sheet III, which are a plan and section of the hopper through
the line 3, 4; only one piece of iron can enter at a time into the groove g, where
it is pushed forward by the rod G, which forces it into the furnace through
the apertures o', o', cut all round it, the various motions are so combined
as to have an aperture of the furnace stopped opposite to the groove of the
hopper at the precise moment when the rod G pushes forward the piece of
iron which enters partly into the furnace; each aperture of the furnace is pro-
vided with small pineers p, p, shewn separately half size; Fig. 8 and 8 bis,
Sheet 2nd, which open for the passage of the pieces of iron, and which hold
the said pieces whilst the furnace is moving round, and carrying them
out of the groove of the hopper as shewn Fig. 3 and 9, the piece of iron is
stopped with the furnace at each movement given by the catch e; this catch
is carried by lever I, as already mentioned; the centre of vibration of said
lever is the centre of the furnace; the motion is imparted through the
connecting rod t, actuated by the cam b, Fig. 4. The cam c fixed beside the
first one actuates the connecting rod a, which rod works the pincers D shewn
half size, Fig. 13, 14, 15; the said pincers, the hinge of which is at b', are
fixed to a shaft W, on which a pinion c" is fixed; this pinion gears with a
segment d", carried by the bent lever el worked by the rod a, actuated by the
cam 6 through the medium of the lever f¹, Fig. 3. When the cam ceases to
push the lever f¹, it is pushed back by the spring s¹; the lever e" receives
thus a vibratory inotion at each passage of the cam 6; this vibratory or swing
motion is transformed into an alternate rotary motion given to the pinion c",

page_text: and consequently to the pincers D carried by its shaft W; these pincers move
alternately down on one side to take hold of the piece of iron which the rota-
tion of the furnace brings within their reach, and on the other side to bring
it between the dies C, which are opened at this moment to receive it. Now,
the pincers D are kept open by the spring a', but at the moment when they
are brought down to the furnace to seize the hot piece of iron, the wedge Z,
Fig. 13 and 15, is pushed between their lower branches by means of the rod Y,
which running through the hollow shaft W, and bearing upon the wedge
at a, causes it to oscillate at 6". It is the inclined plane k, which moves
the rod Y through the medium of the rod a and its branch l, as shewn sepa-
rately half size, Fig. 15; the branch hinges on the shaft W, with a double
bent piece carrying the inclined plane k, which in its motion presses on the
end of the rod Y, which rod pushes the wedge at all as already stated; now
the pincers D being closed, take hold of the hot piece of iron and carries it
between the dies C2; at this moment the wedge Z ceasing its action, the pincers
open through the impulse of the spring a", and moves up to fetch another
piece of iron whilst the one it had just brought is being stamped successively by
the punches, S2, S3, Fig. 6. The same rod a hinging with the branch through
the shaft h, Fig. 15 and 16 bis, actuates the lever K2 by means of combina-
tion of levers and of the rod Q. The end of the lever K2, forms a toothed
segment gearing with the rack F2 bearing the rod G, the motion of the seg-
ment brings back this rod when its work is performed; the spiral spring N
pushes it forward for introducing into the furnace the piece of iron which is
in the groove of the hopper T. This motion is repeated after two successive
stampings, or two revolutions of the wheel. The ram M' which carries the
stamping punches is lodged, and moves forth and back inside of the frame A
as shewn, Fig. 2 and 6; it is solid at its fore part, within which the two
punches S2, S3, are fitted and placed above one another for the successive
stampings as will be described hereafter; the hind part of the ram M is forked
as shewn, Fig. 6 bis, Pl. II., where it is represented alone in plan; the
branches u, u, have trunnions t', t¹, which move back and forth in guides g', g³,
fastened to the frame A; when the rod T imparts a motion to the ram, the
rod T'is actuated by the crank m¹ of the shaft B, on which crank it is fitted
as usual by means of a collar G, Fig. 2 and 6; Fig. 7 bis is a section of said
rod through the line 5, 6, a spindle à runs through the other end h'; the said
spindle moves forth and back in guides 9", 9", fixed to the frame.
In the position in which the ram M³ and rod T2 are shewn, Fig. 6, the upper
punch S is pressing upon the head of the bolt or rivet r", held betwixt the
dies C³, that is the first stamping which gives the preparatory shape to the

page_text: head; the second stamping to bring the head to its final shape is operated by
the under punch, which is brought up to the place of the first one as shewn
by the red view of the ram and upper punch in Fig. 9. The cam K on shaft C
operates the change of the position of the punches S*; this cam as it rotates
bears against the rollers v¹, v¹, carried by the sliding rod H, which imparts an
oscillatory motion to the lever L hinged on the frame; the end of this lever is
embodied with a toothed segment U gearing with a pinion Vs keyed on the
lower crank shaft D2, Fig. 5; the cranked part m' upon which the forked
rod I is fitted causes the said rod to move the ram M' alternately up and
down for the purpose of bringing the heading punches opposite to the head
they have to stamp. The cam K must be so shaped that during one-fourth
of the revolution of shaft C, the ram M² be maintained in its lower position
for the first stamping, and that during another one-fourth it is maintained in
its upper position for the second stamping, the two remaining quarters of the
revolution operating the raising and lowering movements of the ram. The
connecting rods 12 and H are provided with double setting nuts, allowing to
modify their length according to the requirements, so as to bring the heading
punches to the centre of the heads. Fig. 7, Sheet 3rd, is an outline sketch of
the movements of the ram M³, and actuating forked rod I*.
There now remains to describe the motion of the dies holding the piece of
iron during the stamping of the head; the said dies C2, Fig. 5, are fitted in
properly disposed jaws A3, A3, which slide in the solid head part S of the frame;
the jaws are closed by levers j, j, hinged at b', b'; they are opened by the
helical springs i, i, fixed on one part to the frame, on the other part to the
jaws; the spindles of levers j are carried by bearings moveable in the lugs 0, 0,
of the frame where their position is regulated by setting screws B³, B*, so as to
get the required degree of pressure. The small arm of the levers ; has the
form of a cam, which presses on the end o, o, of the jaws A³, so as to press them
against each other when the longer arm of said levers ; is pushed to the right
by the transverse slider R2, which is actuated by the grooved cam W2, Fig. 4
on the shaft C, the extension of which cam is shewn half size, Fig. 17. Two
grooves x, y', are cut into the cam W2; the first groove works the closing and
opening of the dies by means of the vibrating longitudinal shaft J³, shewn
separately half size, Figs. 18, 19, and 20, Sheet 3rd; this shaft vibrates in
bearings s, q, carried by the frame; the shaft J2 has an arm d", provided
with a roller c¹¹, which engaging into the groove a³ of cam W³, causes the
vibratory motion of said shaft; another arm at the other end of shaft J³, the
end P² of which is engaged in the slider R³ drives it alternately to the right
and to the left side, so as to close the jaws A³, or to allow them to be opened

page_text: through the action of the springs i, i. A second shaft E³, placed inside of
shaft J³, so as to move loosely is provided with an arm, hinging with a
forked rod m¹, the end of which bears a roller 8, which runs in the groove g¹
of cam W. At the other end of the shaft E an upright arm p' hinges with a
rod l', the end of which actuates the lever¹; the latter moving on a centre pin
fitted in a lug n of the frame pushes forward a slotted piece o", behind the
dies E, when the said dies are closed, in order to support the pressure of
punches S. The movements are so combined that the wedge o" moves back
as soon as both stampings are over, in order to allow of the passage of the
pincers D, by which the piece of iron is brought into the proper position to be
seized by the dies. Fig. 5 bis shews separately the organs of this last movement.
At the same time as the dies are opened on account of the effect of the back
motion of the slider R³ on the levers j,j, and of the action of the springs i, i,
this same slider R, Fig. 6, impels a rod t by the help of a stud k², hinged
at ", which is shewn separately half size, Fig. 20; the rod R³ in its motion to
the left imparts thus a perpendicular forward motion to the rod t"; which
pushes the lever ; the latter is kept at its normal position by a spring ¹¹; the
lever is connected to another sliding piece " by a regulating screw, which
brings them either nearer to or farther from each other, according to the length
of the bolt or rivet held between the dies C', so that when the lower arm of the
lever receives the impulse of the rod t", the upper arm transfers it in an
inverted direction to the slide", which striking the end of the stamped bolt ll
knocks it out from the dies, which are then wide open, and causes it to fall
down under the machine into a box provided for the purpose.
The dies generally used for stamping bolts, rivets, and similar articles are
made either of steel or of malleable iron and tempered; but as their being
continually in contact with red hot iron would in a short time soften them,
and they would then be unfit for use, a small stream of water must be conveyed
on the jaws which held them; but in spite of every care taken for avoiding it,
they do not last long without being untempered, and besides, it is not possible
to prevent some of the water falling on the red hot iron, which hardens it,
forming a stratum of oxyde always prejudiciable to the following operations to
be performed.
For the purpose of avoiding this inconvenience, I was induced to adopt
another system of dies, which I make of chilled iron; to effect this, I cast
them in cast-iron moulds, such as the one shewn, Fig. 20, which moulds are
composed of several pieces with suitable cores; in order to form in each die a
half round groove, and a recess for half of the head of the bolt, the said moulds
are cooled in the usual way; and to finish the dies, two of them are held

page_text: together in a suitable frame, and the hole is ground with emery on a copper
rod, in order to bring it to the required size. The dies being made in that
way last a long time in good condition.
Now, through a modification which I will presently describe, and which is
represented in Sheet 4th of the annexed Drawings, I can also stamp screws
with a collar under the head, such kind of screws called in France "vis tète-u-
chapeau," is shewn full size at Fig. 9 in the said Sheet; the head of said screws
can be square or hexagonal.
Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of the machine, with the required
modifications or alterations for stamping the said screws with a collar; the
pieces that have not been modified are marked with the same letters as in the
three first Sheets. The principal alteration consists in the disposition of
the rain, shewn in detail, Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, & 7. The heads of the screws
of that description are stamped by a single pressure of the ram; for this reason,
the said ram M³ carries only one punch or header S, and the driving shaft B
not requiring to revolve twice, while the shaft C carrying the grooved cam for
shutting the dies revolves once, the pinion P keyed on the first shaft has the
same diameter as the wheel R keyed on the second one; the connecting rod I*
used in the first instance to raise or lower the ram requires no longer to have
its oscillating centre on a cranked shaft; this shaft D' is straight, but the
regulating nuts e, e¹, of the rod I are preserved for the purpose of regulating
the heading punch S. Fig. 5 is the plan, and Fig. 6 the side elevation of the
detached ram with all its appendages, and the driving rod T connecting
it with the cranked shaft. The Figs. 2, 3, 4, are three similar vertical
sections of the ram through the line X, Y, of Fig. 5, shewing the various steps
of the stamping process of the screw V¹. Within the head of the ram a
pincer P is fitted, carrying a pair of dies R, in which the square or hexagonal
head q is shaped; the pincer P is hollow in the hinging side, for the free
passage of the punch holder K, and the hinge motion takes place on two
distinct centre pins i, i, screwed into the inner part of the hinge's head, as
shewn, Fig. 8, which is a section of the pincers through the line x, y, Fig. 3.
The levers L, L, moveable on the centre pins 9, 9, cause the pincer P to shut
and to squeeze the head of the screw between the dies R; this shutting motion
is worked by the forward motion of the ram M² yielding to the impulse of the
connecting rod T, driven by the cranked shaft B. The rod Te does not impel
directly the ram; two pieces are interposed between the rod and the ram's
head, or cross pin and slider N, and helical springs Q, Q, lodged in recesses
properly disposed in the said head repulse the slider N, which does not touch
the ram in the position shewn, Fig. 2, the rod being then in its remotest

page_text: position. In Fig. 3 the rod having moved enough forward to make the punch
K touch the piece of iron V', the pin i has driven forward the slider N after
having first compressed the springs Q, Q; in this forward motion of the slider,
the inclined planes r, r, fitted in lugs m, in which they can be adjusted to the
right pitch by means of setting nuts, catch similar inclined planes s, 8, carried
by the knobs O at the end of levers L, which levers being thus raised on
one end, cause the shutting of the pincer P by the lowering of the other end,
through the action of the double hinged rods a, a; the jaws of the pincer P
then squeeze the hot piece of iron V', which is firmly held by the dies C³; the
latter have a recess for forming the collar of the screw, which is stamped down
by the progressive forward motion of the pincer P; the end of the dies thereof
enter closely in a hollow cut into the centre of the former, so as to stamp the
collar exactly in the centre; but as the ram keeps on its forward motion, the
dies R being stopped in this motion, the helical springs maintaining the centre
pin of the pincer yield, and the said pincer is pushed backwards, but the
punch K hitting against the steel key D fitted into the head of the ram, the
square punch is forced between the dies R till the head is completely stamped,
as shewn, Fig. 4, when the punch holder is stopped by the dies R, so that the
pincers P is not exposed to any pressure from the ram; its centre or hinge
pins slide freely in slots cut in the ram, where they are maintained, as already
stated, by helical springs, shewn Fig. 6. When the stamping is completed,
the driving rod Ts moves back, the springs Q drive back the slider N, the
levers L being no longer pressed by the inclined planes r, are driven back by
springs to their first position, as shewn Fig. 2; in their motion they cause the
pincer P to open, which pincer releases the head q of the stamped screw, and
as the dies C are also open, the screw V' is knocked out, as it has been
herein-before described; a fresh hot piece of iron is supplied from the furnace
by the pincer intended to perform that work, as before described.
The work of the various organs composing my heading machine being now
described, I will proceed to point out what is new, and what I claim as my
Invention. I must at first declare that I do not confine or restrict myself to
the precise details or arrangements, nor to the particular forms or shapes
of the mechanical contrivances before described, so long as the general
features and character of the said Invention are preserved; but what I
claim is,―
First, the general arrangement and combination of all the organs com-
posing the machine, such as it is represented in the annexed Drawings, for
stamping or heading in a hot state bolts, rivets, screws, and all similar
articles.

page_text: Second, employing a moveable furnace connected with the machine, for the
purpose of heating to a suitable degree the pieces of iron intended to be
stamped for forming the heads of bolts or rivets, or analogous articles requiring
to be stamped in a hot state.
Third, the particular arrangement of this furnace, in which the only portion
of the pieces of iron required to give the head is heated to the required degree,
whilst the stem or body of the bolt remaining outside of the furnace is not
heated, (at least, practically speaking,) and preserves its primordial hardness
as in issuing from the rolling mill, avoiding thus the inconvenience of the
machines hitherto used for this kind of work where the piece of iron is heated
in its whole length.
Fourth, the arrangement of organs, by means of which the pieces of iron
put into a hopper are introduced in the furnace, seized by pincers, and carried
between dies, where they are stamped to shape.
Fifth, the means to obtain two successive stampings of the heads of bolts or
rivets, by the combination of the movement of a ram carrying the heading
punches with the movement of a connecting rod, causing the heating punches
to work by turns.
Sixth, the means of regulating the length of the heading punches in fitting
them by screwing in the ram's head, as shewn in the Figures of Sheets 1st,
2nd, and 3rd.
Seventh, the modification of the ram, as shewn in Sheet 4th, disposed with
a pair of special pincers fitted inside of its head part, which pincers are closed
by the motion of the driving rod itself, so as to take hold of the red hot part
of the iron intended to make the head of the screw.
Eighth, the crushing and swelling of the red hot iron held by the pincers
for forming the round collar under the head.
Ninth, the stamping of the square or hexagonal head by a punch of a
similar shape between dies, which dies hold the said head whilst the collar is
being made.
Tenth, the process for perfecting chilled iron dies, in order to have them of
a great resistance and duration.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Spalding Parfitt, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
JOHN SPALDING FARFITT.
(4.8.)