ImprovEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert Marcius Silber, of Wood Street, Cheapside,
in the City of London, Merchant, for the Invention of “ImprovEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES."

page_text: In one modification of my improved apparatus, I employ a wick con-
tained in a case, which I surround with an air conduit or air jacket
which separates the wick case from the surrounding chamber which
contains the oil or liquid. The air is supplied to the air jacket through
orifices or channels formed in the outer wall or case of the apparatus
and communicating with an air chamber formed beneath the oil chamber,
or tubular channels may be inserted at any convenient part of the case
of the oil chamber, and be used to convey air to the air jacket or air
conduit. The oil or combustible liquid is supplied to the wick through
passages connecting the surrounding chamber with the wick case, and
passing through the air conduit or air jacket. When an annular wick
is used it is contained in an annular case, in the centre of which is an
air passage which conducts air centrally of the flame, so that there is a
conduit for air on both sides of the case that holds the wick.
In constructing this modification of my improved apparatus, the
apparatus may be formed of concentric tubular cases placed one within
the other with spaces intervening. The inmost space is used as an air
passage, admitting air centrally of the flame. The next space contains
the wick. The third or surrounding space is another conduit for air or
an air jacket to which air is supplied from the lower part and from which
it escapes through suitable orifices formed in the upper part. The fourth
space, which is the largest, is the chamber containing the oil or com-
bustible liquid which is fed to the wick through passages or tubes
passing through the lower part of the above-mentioned air jacket.
In some cases it may be found advantageous to place in the space
forming the air jacket suitable substances, such as charcoal or cork,
which are nonconductors of heat.
case.
In another modification of my improved apparatus I employ a flat
wick and form a space for the air jacket on both sides of the wick
When I use a flat wick in a lamp or burner suspended from a
an arm through which the oil or combustible liquid flows I use an
ordinary cap or cone for confining the flame and insuring perfect
combustion, but instead of allowing the bottom of the flat wick to dip
into the body of the oil or liquid contained in an ordinary supply chamber
or vessel I employ a special receiver of comparatively small dimensions, 3
it has its bottom closed and receives from the supply chamber or vessel
only enough of the oil or liquid to saturate the lower part of the flat

page_text: wick. As the oil or liquid is drawn off to feed the flame, a corresponding
supply of oil or liquid is allowed to enter the receiver. By this means
the oil or liquid in the receiver is kept at a high temperature and is
fed to the flame in a partially or wholly vaporized condition. The
result is that a flame of greater purity and intensity is obtained than
has heretofore been practicable when flat wicks have been used with the
ordinary apparatus.
In some cases also it may be found advantageous to employ in com-
bination with the air jacket above-mentioned passages or tubes for
supplying air on the outer side of the wick.
In some cases the air supplied to the flame in my improved apparatus
may be with great advantage heated and the requisite heat may be
obtained by utilizing in any convenient manner the heat generated by
the apparatus. Instead of using wicks, other appliances or means may
be employed to convey the oil or liquid, or its vaporized or other com-
bustible products to the point of combustion.
In another modification of my improved apparatus, I dispense with
the air jacket and use an annular wick and wick case with a central air
passage.
I insert therein one or more additional tubes which form
divided air passages for supplying air to the central part of the flame,
the column or up-draft of air being divided into several currents. When
I use a single tube, I place it centrally in relation to the wick case, and
a central current is thereby supplied to the flame surrounded by an
annular current passing up between the said single tube and the wick
case. One or more of these additional air supplying tubes may be bell
mouthed at the top.
In another modification of my improved apparatus I employ the
additional air supplying tube or tubes, in combination with the air jacket
above mentioned as being made to surround the wick case.
My improved apparatus may be either constructed in the form of
lamps for lighting purposes, or as heating apparatus of a stove form.
Other modifications differing somewhat in the details of parts, but
involving the same principles of construction as those above respectively
described may be employed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Albert Marcius Silber, in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th June 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALBERT
MARCIUS SILBER, of Wood Street, Cheapside, in the City of London,
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Albert Marcius Silber, Her special
licence that I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Albert Marcius Silber,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS POR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings and to the figures and lettters marked thereon, that
is to say :-
My Invention relates to the construction of improved apparatus for
purposes of heating and lighting in an effective and economical manner
ho meno of the nombustion of combustible oils or liquids

page_text: In one modification of my improved apparatus I employ a wick
contained in a case which I surround with an air conduit or air jacket
which separates the wick case from the surrounding chamber or
chambers which contains or contain the oil or liquid. The air is
supplied to the air jacket through orifices or channels formed in the
outer wall or case of the apparatus and communicating with an air
chamber formed beneath the oil chamber, or tubular channels may
be inserted at any convenient part of the case of the oil chamber
and be used to convey air to the air jacket or the air conduit. The
oil or combustible liquid is supplied to the wick through a passage or
passages connecting the surrounding chamber with the wick case and
passing through the air conduit or air jacket. When an annular
wick is used it is contained in an annular case, in the centre of
which is an air passage which conducts air centrally to the flame, so
that there is a conduit for air on both sides of the case that holds
the wick.
In constructing this modification of my improved apparatus the
apparatus may be formed of concentric tubular cases placed one
within the other with spaces intervening. The inmost space is used
as an air passage admitting air centrally to the flame. The next
space contains the wick. The third or surrounding space is another
conduit for air or an air jacket, to which air is supplied from the
lower part, and from which it escapes through suitable orifices formed
in the upper part or through the cone in passing the flame. The fourth
space, which is the largest, is the chamber containing the oil or
combustible liquid which is fed to the wick through passages or
tubes passing through the lower part of the above-mentioned air
jacket.
In some cases it may be found advantageous to place in the space
forming the air jacket suitable substances, such as charcoal or cork,
which are non-conductors of heat.
In another modification of my improved apparatus I employ a flat
wick and form a space for the air jacket on both sides of the wick
case. When I use a flat wick in a lamp or burner suspended from
an arm through which the oil or combustible liquid flows, I use an
ordinary cap or cone for confining the flame and insuring perfect
combustion, but instead of allowing the bottom of the flat wick to

page_text: dip into the body of the oil or liquid contained in an ordinary supply
chamber or vessel I employ a special receiver of comparatively small
dimensions. It has its bottom closed and receives from the supply
chamber or vessel only enough of the oil or liquid to saturate the
lower part of the flat wick. As the oil or liquid is drawn off to feed
the flame a corresponding supply of oil or liquid is allowed to enter
the receiver. By this means the oil or liquid in the receiver is kept
at a high temperature, and is fed to the flame in a partially or
wholly vapourized condition. The result is that a flame of greater
purity and intensity is obtained than has heretofore been practicable
when flat wicks have been used with the ordinary apparatus.
In some cases also it may be found advantageous to employ in
combination with the air jacket above mentioned passages or tubes for
supplying air on the outer side of the wick.
In some cases the air supplied to the flame in my improved apparatus
may be with great advantage heated and the requisite heat may be
obtained by utilizing in any convenient manner the heat generated by
the apparatus. Instead of using wicks other appliances or means may
be employed to convey the oil or liquid or its vaporized or other com-
bustible products to the point of combustion.
In another modification of my improved apparatus I dispense with
the air jacket and use an annular wick and wick case with a central
air passage. I insert therein one or more additional tubes which form
divided air passages for supplying air to the central part of the
flame, the column or updraft of air being divided into several currents.
When I use a single tube I place it centrally in relation to the wick
case and a central current is thereby supplied to the flame surrounded
by an annular current passing up between the said single tube and the
wick case. One or more of these additional air supplying tubes may be
made bell-mouthed at the top.
In another modification of my improved apparatus I employ the
additional air supplying tube or tubes in combination with the air jacket
above mentioned as being made to surround the wick case.
It will be obvious to those who are experienced in the construction
of apparatus such as is herein described that by employing such adjuncts

page_text: as are well known and in ordinary use it may be employed as well
in the form of lamps for lighting purposes as for heating purposes
in the modified form of stove apparatus, the parts being made of the
requisite size.
The accompanying Drawings represent a modification of my improved
apparatus forming a lamp constructed according to my Invention.
Figure 1 is an elevation, Figure 2 a vertical section, and Figure 3 a
horizontal section of my improved lamp. (Figure 3 is a section taken
through the line x, y, of Fig. 2. A is the case or body of the lamp.
The lamp contains a number of concentric chambers. The outermost
chamber B contains the oil or combustible liquid to be supplied to
the burner. C is a tubular or annular space into which air is fed
and through which it circulates; it forms an air jacket. D is the
wick case, that is to say, an inner concentric, annular, or tubular
chamber, which holds the wick and which receives oil or combustible
material from the chamber B through the pipe E which traverses the
air jacket C and forms the communication between the chamber B
and the wick case D. The lower portion of the wick dips into the
oil supply through the pipe E from the chamber B. G are air tubes
inserted within and concentrically of the chambers B, C, D. They
consist of tubes held by struts t. These tubes are preferably bell-
mouthed at top.
.
It will be observed that the air jacket C is interposed between the
oil chamber B and the wick case D so as to keep the oil and wick
sufficiently cool and prevent the undue or immature evaporation of
the oil.
Air is supplied to the air jacket C and to the internal air tubes G
from a chamber H, which is in a space within the case A at the foot
of the lamp, which is supplied with air through orifices of plain or
ornamental shape h, h, h. I is the feed hole for supplying the
chamber B with oil or combustible liquid; J is a screw cap which
closes the feed hole; j* is an air hole through the plug of the screw
cap J forming a vent to the chamber B; % is a perforated conical
cap surrounding the wick; is a conical annular cap perforated
only near the lower part * also surrounding the wick. There
are intervals for the passage of currents of air between the wick

page_text: case D the cones k, l, and the outer shell or case A* of the burner.
M, M*, are the ordinary key and rack for raising and lowering the
wick.
Figure 4 is a vertical section of a modification of my improved
apparatus forming a lamp in which central air tubes are employed
without an air jacket. M is the outer case or wall of the lamp;
N, the chamber containing the oil or combustible liquid and also
containing the wick P. This wick P is annular or tubular. Q is
an inner air chamber; R, S, are tubes bell-mouthed at top for the
passage of air. Air is supplied to these tubes from orifices formed
at any convenient part at the bottom of the burner. Z, feed pipe;
t, t, are struts or stays for maintaining the sides or walls of the tubes
or tubular passages. T, cap or dome; U, gallery for supporting
chimney; v, key for raising and depressing wick by to rack connected
therewith.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention and in
what manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,—.
First. The combination of parts forming my improved lamp, con-
structed and arranged substantially as herein described and shewn in
Figures 1, 2, 3.
Second. The employment in apparatus constructed as and for the
purposes above set forth of an air conduit or air jacket between the wick
case and the chamber containing oil or combustible liquid, or of a casing
or jacket containing charcoal or other non-conductors of heat, sub-
stantially as above described.
Third. The use as and for the purposes above set forth of the
combined arrangement of a wick case for flat wicks and a jacket
or casing for air or other non-conductor of heat, substantially as
described.
Fourth. The combination and arrangement of parts whereby the
oil or liquid is fed to the flame in a partially or wholly vaporized
condition, substantially as and for the purposes above described.
Fifth. The employment of an annular wick and wick case in
combination with one or more central air passages, substantially as
described, whether used with or without an outer air jacket.

page_text: Sixth. The employment of my improved apparatus, constructed as
above set forth, when used in the requisite modified forms for heating
purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of June, in the
year One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
E. DE PASS,
68, Fleet Street,
A. M. SILBER. (L.S.)