IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COPPER TUBES, AND ALSO OF COPPER ROLLERS FOR CALICO PRINTING
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Balleny Elkington and Charles Edwin
Ryder, both of Newhall Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF COPPER TUBES, AND ALSO OF COPPER ROLLERS FOR CALICO PRINTING,
Jealed the 2nd August 1870, and dated the 24th February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Balleny Elkington
and Charles Edwin Ryder at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th February 1870.
We, JAMES BALLENY ELKINGTON and CHARLES EDWIN RYDER, both
of Newhall Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF COPPER TUBES, AND ALSO OF COPPER ROLLERS FOR CALICO PRINTING,
EMBOSSING, AND SIMILAR USES," to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
copper tubes, and also of copper rollers for calico printing, embossing,
and similar uses.

page_text: In order to produce a plain copper tube suitable for a boiler tube it is
now usual to cast an ingot of copper in the form of a hollow cylinder,
and to draw such ingot through dies until it is brought down to the
size of the tube required. These ingots have to be cast of considerable
thickness in order to obtain a sound casting, and consequently the t
drawing process and the annealing which it necessitates have to be
frequently repeated.
According to our Invention in the manufacture of such tubes we
substitute for a cast ingot a hollow cylinder of copper, which we obtain
by electro-deposition from a solution of the sulphate or other salt of the 1
-metal. We-take-a-cylindrical-core-and-deposit copper thereon until a
sufficient thickness is obtained; we then drive out or remove the core,
and the hollow cylinder of copper so obtained we draw down to the
size of the finished tube.
As we can by the process of electro-deposition
obtain a sound cylinder of any desired thickness we prefer to stop the 1
process of deposition when the thickness is much less than that of the
cast ingots now used, and by so much we shorten the drawing and
annealing operations. We however always draw sufficiently to give a
true finished surface to the tube both outside and inside.
In order to produce a copper roller with a pattern on its surface we 2
take a cylindrical mould, by preference of metal, but it may be of other
material sufficiently rigid and impervious to keep its form accurately.
This cylindrical mould is divided into two or more parts longitudinally,
and the required pattern is produced. upon its interior surface. By
preference we make these moulds by electro-deposition. The surface 2
of the mould is prepared so that whilst it may be able sufficiently to
conduct an electric current yet that the metal deposited upon it may
not adhere. The mould is then immersed in a bath containing a solution
of a salt of copper, and by an electric current metallic copper is
deposited on the inner surface of the mould. When a sufficiently solid a
shell is thus obtained a solid or hollow centre is introduced concen-
trically within it, and the space between the two is filled with melted
metal or other material.
A centre with an accurately formed passage through it, such as is
required for a calico printing roller, we produce by depositing copper on a
to a metal core suitably prepared to prevent adhesion of the deposited
metal, and if desired with a feather or ridge upon it. When a sufficient
thickness has been deposited on to this core it is placed inside the

page_text: deposited shell obtained as already described, and the interval between
the two is filled with melted metal. Or solid ribs of metal may be
formed between the two by electro-deposition, suitable means being
taken to cause a circulation of the depositing solution between the
surfaces to be connected.
Plain rollers of copper with a true hole or passage through them¸ may
be made by depositing metallic copper on to a metal core suitably
prepared as above described, and then driving out or removing such core.
We prefer to prepare the cores by coating them with paper having a
surface of metal foil or leaf.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Balleny Elkington and Charles Edwin
Ryder in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th August 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
BALLENY ELKINGTON and CHARLES EDWIN RYDER, both of Newhall
Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said James Balleny Elkington and Charles
Edwin Ryder, Her special licence that we, the said James Balleny
Elkington and Charles Edwin Ryder, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said James Balleny Elkington and
Charles Edwin Ryder, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, au
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COPPER TUBES, AND
ALSO OF COPPER ROLLERS FOR CALICO PRINTING, EMBOSSING, AND SIMILAR USES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Balleny
Elkington and Charles Edwin Ryder, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or
under the hand and scal of one of us or them, should particularly

page_text: describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Edwin Ryder, on behalf of
myself and the said James Balleny Elkington, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture 1
of copper tubes, and also of copper rollers for calico printing, embossing,
and similar uses.
In order to produce a plain copper tube suitable for a boiler tube it
is now usual to cast an ingot of copper in the form of a hollow cylinder,
and to draw such ingot through dies until it is brought down to the 1
size of the tube required. These ingots have to be cast of considerable
thickness in order to obtain a sound casting, and consequently the
drawing process and the annealing which it necessitates have to be
frequently repeated.
According to our Invention in the manufacture of such tubes, we 2
substitute for a cast ingot a hollow cylinder of copper, which we obtain
by electro-deposition from a solution of the sulphate or other salt of
the metal. We take a cylindrical core and deposit copper thereon until
a sufficient thickness is obtained; we then drive out or remove the core,
and the hollow cylinder of copper so obtained we draw down to the size 2
of the finished tube. The tubes are drawn on a mandril, and in the
drawing operation either rollers or dies may be employed as is well
understood. As we can by the process of electro-deposition obtain a
sound cylinder of any desired thickness we prefer to stop the process
of deposition when the thickness is much less than that of the cast 3
ingots now used, and by so much we shorten the drawing and annealing
operations. We, however, always draw sufficiently to give a true
finished surface to the tube both outside and inside, and we prefer in
the deposition of the metal to use a core of such a length as to render
further drawing unnecessary.
We claim as respects this part of our Invention the manufacture
of copper tubes by the combination of the processes of electro-deposition
and drawing down by rollers or dics, substantially as described.

page_text: Another part of our Invention relates to the production of a copper
roller with a pattern on its surface. For this purpose we take a cylin-
drical mould, by preference of metal, but it may be of other material
sufficiently rigid and impervious to keep its form accurately. This
cylindrical mould is divided into two or more parts longitudinally; and
the required pattern is produced (in reverse) upon its interior surface.
By preference we make these moulds by electro-deposition upon a model
roller. The surface of the mould is prepared so that whilst it may be
able sufficiently to conduct an electric current yet that the metal
deposited upon it may not adhere this may be done by tarnishing it
with sulphur fumes. The mould is then immersed in a bath containing
a solution of a salt of copper, and by an electric current metallic copper
is deposited on the inner surface of the mould. When a sufficiently solid
shell is thus obtained a solid or hollow centre is introduced concentrically
within it, and whilst both are held in a truly made frame the space
between the two is filled with melted metal or other material. We prefer
to use a centre with an accurately formed passage through it, such as is
required for a calico printing roller, we produce by depositing copper
on to a metal core suitably prepared to prevent adhesion of the
deposited metal, and if desired with a feather or ridge upon it. When a
sufficient thickness has been deposited on to this core it is placed inside
the deposited shell obtained as already described and the interval between
the two is filled with melted metal. Or solid ribs of metal may be
formed between the two by electro-deposition suitable means being taken
to cause a circulation of the depositing solution between the surfaces
to be connected. This may be done by varnishing the interior of the shell
or outer cylinder and the exterior of the core in corresponding longitu-
dinal lines. The copper then will not deposit on these lines, but is
deposited so as to form ribs between these lines connecting the shell and
the core.
These spaces are kept open between the ribs to receive the
battery terminals consisting of a number of narrow strips of copper lying
in the spaces and held out of contact with the shell and core. A stream
of sulphate of copper solution is caused to flow constantly from a cistern
between the shell and core until the connecting ribs are completely
formed and the roller is complete. We prefer to prepare the cores
by coating them with wax, on which bronze powder is laid.

page_text: a cylindrical mould with the pattern upon it, then inserting a solid or
hollow centre into the shell so obtained, and filling the space between
the two with melted metal or other material or by electro-deposition,
substantially as described.
We also claim the production of a copper roller with a pattern on its
surface by depositing copper within a cylindrical mould with a pattern
upon it and by depositing copper on to a metal core and then connecting
the shell and the hollow core so obtained by filling the space between
the two with melted metal or other material, or by electro-deposition,
substantially as described
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Edwin Ryder, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of
August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy.