Improvements in Centrifugal Machines
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 17th Nov., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Centrifugal Machines
1, FRANZ HUGERSHOFF, of Leipzig, in the Kingdom of Saxony, and German
Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
aud by the following statement :-
My invention has relation to small or hand power centrifugal machines; and it
elates more particularly to driving mechanism for such type of inachines
The principal objects of my invention are first to provide a simple, durable and
efficient mechanism for actuating small or hand power centrifugal machines such as
employed for bacterio-logical investigations and examinations of lacteal and other
somewhat similar fluids; second, to provide a driving mechanism for such machines
that in the actuation of the same means are brought into action automatically for
storing up energy so as to permit of a further hand manipulation of the said
mechanism to cause an actuation of the machine for the intended purposes; nud
third to provide a centrifugal machine with actuating means manually operated to
not only cause a centrifugal action of the machine, but also a storage of energy
sufficient to permit of the operation of the machine.
My invention stated in general terms, consists of the improvements in centrifugal
machines hereinafter described and claimed.
The nature and scope of my invention will be more fully understood from the
following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming
part hereof, and in which
Figure 1, is an elevation of the driving mechanism embodying features of my
invention, adapted for actuating a hand power centrifugal machine.
Fig. 2, is a view partly in section and partly in elevation of a housing or frame
for the reception of a grooved pulley provided with a belt and a spring adapted for
actuating the driving shaft of a hand power centrifugal machine and also showing
an appliance for elevating and depressing the said grooved pulley.
Fig. 3, is a vertical central sectional view on the line w-w, of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4, is an elovation of the lower end of Fig. 2, illustrating a spring controlled
pawl-and-atchet connection for permitting of the rotation of the driving shaft of
the machine.
Fig. 5 is a view partly in section and partly in elevation of a modified form of
mechanism embodying features of my invention.
Fig. 6, 18 a transverse section on the line r- of Fig 5.
Fig 7 is an elevation of the underside of the top plate of the housing or frame
for the driving shaft.
Fig. 8 is an elevation of Fig. 5 and
Fig. 9 is a similar view of the lower end of Fig 8.
Referring to the drawings with reference noie particularly to Figs. 1 to 4, t, is
a framo provided with a foot t', suitably forked at its end to allow of the connection
of the same to a table, window sill or the like by means of a screw, clamp, or other
preferred device, not shown. is a vertical shaft located in the frame t, and
having preferably at its upper and lower ends ball bearings a and b, as shown in
Fig. 1. At the upper end, of the shaft, is adapted to be secured a drum, not
shown, for the reception of a lacteal fluid, urine, blood, sputum or the like to be
examined.
Within the frame t, and secured thereto is a
mounted on the shaft, in such manner as to be
ment, for example as illustrated in Figs. 1 and {
housing g h, is a grooved roll
afforded a range of vertical move-
In the upper groove of the roll h,

page_text: 18 secured one end of a steel band, strap or the like 1, and in the lower groove of the
said roll is mounted a spring A, one end of which is connected with the roll h, and
the other end is led through an opening g³, and connected with a hook ¹, of the
housing g, illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3.
1, is a pawl controlled by a leaf springs, and located in a circular groove h³, at
the lower end of the roll h, which, in the lowest position of the toll h, within the
housing 9, meshes with a ratchet wheel m, rigidly secured to the driving shaft, as
illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4.0 is the top plate of the housing g, with an opening
for the reception of the upper end of the roll h, and at the underside thereof is
located a spring q, adapted to press the roll h, with its flange 2, downward on to a
ing o', which is secured to the lower end of the housing g. n, is an eccentric or
cam located in a slot o, of the bottom ring o', which is adapted to be brought in
engagement with the flange of the oll so as to actuate the same in the
housing 9, to overcome the tension of the spring g, and thus to bring the pawl 7, out
of its engagement with the ratchet wheel m, of the shaft ', as illustrated in Fig 1.
P, is a button or handle connected with the cam », by means of which said cam or
eccentric is operated from the exterior of the housing g, as shown in Fig. 2
The mode of operation of the driving mechanism hereinbefore described is as
follows.-
The drum, not shown, located at the upper end of the shaft, is filled with the
liquid or the like to be examined and the cam or eccentric, is operated by the
handle p, so as to cause the pawl I, of the toll h, to be brought into engagement
with the ratchet wheel m, of the shaft f, and the roll h, in contact with the ring o',
by the pressure of the spring y, against the roll h. The strap of steel spring, is
drawn at its fice end outward and the roll, thereby set in rotation which by
means of the pawl (, and ratchet-wheel m, is transferied to the shaft, and thence
to the drum rotated by the said shaft in one direction The spring k, through
said rotation is simultaneously wound up. After the release of the strap or
spring, the roll h, is set in 1otation in a reverse direction. The strap 1, will by
this time he wound up again and ready to actuate said shaft in the inauner heiein-
above explained. By pulling the strap, the shalt 7, and also the drum released
through the intervention of the spring, will be set in quick rotation in one
direction, until the examination of the liquid in the drum, has been completed.
By then tuning the handle, the roll, will be elevated and the pawl, will be
disengaged from the ratchet-wheel m, and thus the said driving mechanism and
drum brought to a standstill.
In Figs 5 to 9 inclusive, is illustrated a modification of the herembefore
described driving mechanism of my invention. In these hgures the handle p, and
cam n, to raise the roll, and to disengage the pawl 7, from the ratchet wheel m
are dispensed with and the strap 1, 15 provided with a wedge-shaped piece of
metal, and the housing g, is provided with a funnel shaped opening 9', as
illustrated in Fige 5 and 6. When the strap 1, is released and the wedge,
through the intervention of the spring, is drawn inward in the housing g, the
projection of the wedge, will be brought into engagement with the curved
part g, of the opening g'. The slanting projection, of the wedge, will be
brought into engagement with the flange h', of the grooved roll h, so as to elevate
the same as illustrated in Fig 3 The pawl of the grooved roll h, will be caused
to disengage the ratchet wheel m, of the shaft, and the roll, will thereby be
automatically detached from the said shaft. By drawing outwardly the strap,
the wedge, will be disengaged from the opening g', and the grooved roll h, will
be allowed to move downward by its own weight and the pawl t, will be brought
again into engagement with the ratchet-wheel m.
The mode of operation of the before described modified form of driving
mechanism of my invention is the same as herein before described with reference
to that of Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive of the drawings.
After the completion of the examination of the liquid contained in the drum,
the strap is released so as to bring the drum not shown to a standstill T'ne

page_text: wedge, of the strap, through the intervention of the spring k, is drawn
completely into the funnel shaped opening g', and the grooved roll h, is thereby
automatically elevated
It will be manifestly obvious that as to inmor details, modifications may be
made without departing from the spirit of my invention, and hence I do not wish
to be understood as limiting myself to the exact construction and arrangement of
the parts as herembefore explained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
consider novel and desire to claim is
1. The combination of a frame provided with a shaft, a roll having a band or
strap and a spring connected therewith a sping controlled pawl-and-ratchet con-
nection with said shaft and means for elevating said roll, substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
2. The combination of a vertically supported shaft provided with a grooved
roll adapted to be afforded a range of movement thereon, a pawl-and-ratchet
connection a cam or eccentric and pull or handle, substantially as and for the
pui poses set forth.
3. The combination of a frame provided with a housing, a shaft Journalled in
said fraine a double grooved roll afforded a range of movement on said shaft, a
band connected with one of the grooves of said roll and a spring with the other, a
spring controlled pawl-and-ratchet connection an eccentric or cam and a button or
bandle, substantially as and for the purposes set forth
4 The combination of a revoluble shaft having a grooved roll loosely mounted
thereon, a strap with a wedge shaped device and a spring connected with said roll,
a pawl-and-ratchet connection and means for automatically disengaging said roli
from its shaft, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
5. The combination of a shatt provided with a roll controlled by a pawl-and-
ratchet connection, a strap provided with a wedge shaped piece, a housing provided
with an opening, a spring connected with said roll, and means for actuating said
shaft and disengaging said roll therefrom, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
Dated this 5th day of October 1894.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.