CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS OR METHOD OF HEATING THE AIR IN BUILDINGS, HEATING AND EVAPORATING FLUIDS, AND HEATING METAL
Year: 1831

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANGIER
MARCH PERKINS, of Harper Street, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Thirtieth day of July, in the second year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Angier March Perkins, His especial licence, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Angier March Perkins, my exors, admors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Angier March Perkins, my exors, adñiors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE APPARATUS OR METHOD OF HEATING THE AIR IN BUILDINGS, HEATING AND
EVAPORATING FLUIDS, AND HEATING METAL;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that I, the said Angier March Perkins, shall cause
a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Angier March Perkins, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:
My Invention relates to that description of apparatus or method of heating
which is now largely employed in heating buildings and for other purposes
by the circulation of hot water, and the object of my improvements thereon
is to obtain considerably higher degrees of temperature to the water circu-
lated; and thus I am enabled to apply my apparatus to a variety of purposes
which require the heating medium to be at a higher degree of temperature
than that of boiling water; and my improvements consist in circulating water
in tubes or pipes which are closed in all parts, allowing a sufficient space
for the expansion of the water which is contained within the apparatus,
by which means the water will at all times be kept in contact with the metal,
however high the degree of heat such apparatus may be submitted to,
and yet at the same time there will be no danger of bursting the apparatus,
in consequence of the water having sufficient space to expand. But in order
that my Invention may be fully understood and carried into effect I will now
describe the Drawings hereunto annexed, which represent the improvements
applied in various ways.
a
Fig. 1 shows the section of the description of furnace I prefer, and Fig. 2 is
plan, also in section. In each of these Figures the same letters of reference
indicate similar parts, and such is the case in the other Figures in the
Drawings. The description of tubes which I have used, and find to answer,
are what are called drawn gas tubing, and the size I most commonly employ
is about one inch outside diameter, and the diameter of the inner area is
about 5/8 of an inch; but I do not confine myself to the use of this size
tubing.
In Figures 1 and 2, a, a, a, is a coil of tubing which is placed within the
furnace, as shown in the Drawing. b is a tube by which the water passes
from the coil a when in a heated state, and c is the tube by which the
water is returned to the coil after having given off the heat to effect the
object to which the apparatus is applied, whether for heating the air in
buildings, evaporating fluids, or heating metal, as will be more fully described
hereafter. The furnace consists of two compartments, & and e; the com
partment is that in which the fuel is burned, and the compartment
surrounds that at d, and is a sort of hot chamber into which the coil o

page_text: tubes a is placed, and the water therein becomes heated by the heat
which is generated in the compartment d, the smoke and heated air passing
from the ignited fuel at f into the compartment e, and thence passes into
the chimney g.
The description of fuel which I prefer is coke or stone
or other coal as free from bituminous matter as possible, which is put into
the compartment d at the upper part at h, over which there is placed at
all times a cover, to prevent any draft passing in that direction, by which
means, when the fire is lighted, and the fuel filled up to the top of the
compartment d, and the opening at h covered, the air which produces the
combustion will pass up through the fire-bars at i, and the fuel on such
bars will in a short time become an ignited mass. j is an opening or door
in the front of the furnace which the same may be stoked or the fire
lighted.
Figs. 3, 4, and 5 show the manner in which I construct the joints of
the apparatus, which are shown on a larger scale for the purpose of making
them more clear. Fig. 3 shows in section the manner of connecting two
tubes, k and l. It will be seen that the end of the tube k is tapered off, both
inside and out, to a sharp edge, which buts against the straight surface of
the end of the tube 1. On the ends of these tubes are cut screws, the
one having a right-hand screw, the other a left-hand screw, and by means
of the coupling piece m, which has a female screw, cut right and left, the
two ends of the tubes k and are brought together, and by this means a
strong water-tight joint is made; and in this manner I connect any number
of tubes together, according to the purpose to which the apparatus is to be
applied. Figures 4 and 5 are two views of the connections of other parts
of the apparatus, and also of the part of the apparatus which is intended
for the expansion of the water. n is an upright tube closed at the top,
having a small screw hole to let out the air when the apparatus is filled
with water, but which is kept perfectly closed when the air is driven out.
This tube 2, usually made of a larger size than those in which the circulation
takes place; and in this tube there should be an area equal to the quantity of
expansion which will take place in the water contained in the outer tubes; and
as water expands to about one twentieth without being converted into steam, I
leave at least double that quantity of capacity in the tube or vessel n. 0, 0,
are two short tubes formed into cones at their two ends; these cones enter
into holes perforated in the tube n, and into the ends of the tubes
the tube p.being the one by which the hot water is conveyed from the coil
a after it has become heated, and the tube or pipe 7 is the point at which
the apparatus is filled with water, and by which the height of the water is
P and

page_text: regulated, and this tube q is to be placed in such a position that there shall be
sufficient space above it in the tube n to allow for expansion. On the tubes p
and are two collars formed; and by means of the two plates s, s, and the
screw bolts and nuts t, t, there will be a strong water-tight joint formed to all
the parts. At the top v of the pipe there is a collar formed, and by the plates
w and screws and nuts a the cone y is strongly held in the opening of the
tube q, by which the same is made water-tight when the apparatus has been
filed with water. To the bottom of the expansion tube n is connected
the pipe 6 by a similar coupling as that described in Figure 3.
Having now described the manner in which I conceive it best to construct
the various parts of the apparatus, I will now proceed to describe some appli-
cations of the same.
Figure 6 shows a longitudinal view, and Figure 7 shows a plan of an
arrangement for applying my improvements to hot plates which are intended
to be used by copper plate and other printers for the purpose of heating
the plates from which impressions are to be taken. I have not thought it
necessary to show the presses or any other parts of the machinery used for
printing. The plates A, A, being intended to be used in place of the charcoal
fire grates heretofore employed for heating the plates at the time the ink is
being rubbed in, one of these heated plates A is placed in the proper position
at each press, if more than one is to be heated; and it will be evident that a
large number of presses may have their plates A heated by one set of tubes.
The tube p is the one which, as above described, conveys the heated water
from the furnace, and the tube c returns it back to the coil after it has given
off its heat. The manner in which I construct the plates A is as follows:-
I make a rectangular mould to the size required, and place therein the bent
part of the tube p, and then fill the mould with melted lead or other metal,
according to the degrees of heat such plates are intended to bear, by which
means I produce metal surfaces which become heated by the passage of the
heated water through the tubes p; and it is evident that such heated plates
may be applied in a variety of ways and for a variety of purposes, such, for
instance, as hot plates for cooking purposes.
Fig. 8 shows the manner of applying the apparatus to a rectangular boiler,
and which boiler is shewn in plan, and is applicable to the boiling of syrup in
the making or refining of sugar, by which it will be seen that the heated water
is made to circulate through a series of tubes, and give off its heat to the fluid
contained in the boiler, or these tubes may be made to pass into steam or
other boilers in a similar manner, and will cause the fluid contained in such
boilers to become heated and evaporated. In heating the air of rooms of

page_text: buildings the tubes p and c may be made to pass around the flooring of such
and where a large quantity of heat is desired it will sometimes be
desirable to have more than one pipe passing to and from the coil of pipes
contained in the furnace, whereby a larger quantity of heated surface will be
presented, which being heated to a high degree of temperature will give off
the same to the air contained in the room or buildings and warm the same;
and I have found that when the circulating tubes present a surface equal to
three times to that of the coil of tubes in the furnace I have not been able to
burst the tubes.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I lay no claim to
the various parts of which such apparatus is composed; neither do I claim
the application of the circulation of hot water to the purposes above described;
but what I claim as my improvements in such apparatus or method of heating
the air in buildings, heating and evaporating fluids, and heating metal, consist
in circulating water in tubes or pipes which are closed in all parts, and
having sufficient space allowed for the expansion of the water, as above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Angier March Perkins, have hereunto
set. my hand and seal, the Twenty-seventh day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-two.
ANGIER MARCH (L.S.) PERKINS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-seventh day of January,
in the year of our Lord 1832, the aforesaid Angier March Perkins came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and speci-
fied, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Thirtieth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-two.