IMPROVED COMBINATIONS OF INGREDIENTS FOR TREATING, PREPARING, STIFFENING AND THICKENING RAW, FELTED, SPun, AND WOVEN FIBRES AND FABRICS, ALSO FOR USE IN DYEING AND PRINTING SECH FABRICS AND FIBRES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas James Denne and August Hentschel,
both of Phoenix Works, Cambridge Road, Milo End, Middlesex,
for the Invention of "IMPROVED COMBINATIONS OF INGREDIENTS FOR
TREATING, PREPARING, STIFFENING AND THICKENING RAW, FELTED, SPun,
AND WOVEN FIBRES AND FABRICS, ALSO FOR USE IN DYEING AND PRINTING
SECH FABRICS AND FIBRES."
Scaled the 7th February 1873, and dated the 15th August 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas James Denne
and August Hentschel at the Office of the Commissioner of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 15th August 1872.
We, THOMAS JAMES DENNE and AUGUST HENTSCHEL, both of Phoenix
Works, Cambridge Road, Mile End, Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED COMBINATIONS OF INGREDIENTS
FOR TREATING, PREPARING, STIFFENING, AND THICKENING RAW, FELTED, SPUN,
AND WOVEN FIBRES AND FABRICS, ALSO FOR USE IN DYEING AND PRINTING SUCH
FABRICS AND FIBRES," to be as follows:-
Our ingredients consist of caseine, lactarine, glycerine, soap, and oil,
in combination, as herein-after shown. We take cascine or lactarine,

page_text: and dissolve it by the aid of ammonia in water or by other known
means to a required consistency, and add to it glycerine in required
quantity. To this composition we add for some purposes soap or oil.
We now proceed to show our method of thickening, and thickening,
We make our
dyeing and printing a woven fabric, presumably of wool.
composition by preference hot (although this is not a necessity) and put
the material into it, keeping it well stirred until sufficiently saturated,
and allow it to cool down, continuing the stirring; when sufficiently
cooled it is taken out, the superfluous quantity is pressed or squeezed
out, and it is allowed to dry. After this it is put into a tannin solution, :
or alum, or alum with chloride of zinc, or in other known mordants, and
again allowed to dry. After this it is well rinsed in clean water, and
soap is well worked into it, and then well washed in clean water and
dried. After this it can be finished for the market in known ways.
If we wish to dye the material at the same time that it is thickened, 1
we add the color to the composition before putting the material into
it; or if desired it can be dyed after it is thickened.
If instead of thus dyeing we wish to print the material, either before or
after it is thickened we do so in the known ways, with our composition,
to which color has been added; but when we thus print with the com-
position we add more glycerine to it, and fasten the color as previously
shown. For some purposes we also add soap or oil to this printing
composition. In all instances when the color is an earthern one we
prefer to grind the color in glycerine.
In dyeing and printing vegetable fibres or materials made from them
we prefer in some cases to pass the materials through a weak tannin or
acidulated solution before dyeing or printing it.
No precise quantities of any of these ingredients can be given as
fixed, as not only will different quantities give a required result, but
different materials will require different quantities, according to the
result that may be required to be obtained.
We prefer to use for these purposes caseine made as shown in our
Patent, No. 2461, dated September 13th, 1870.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas James Denne and August Hentschel
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th February 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
JAMES DENNE and AUGUST HENTSCHEL, both of Phoenix Works, Cam-
bridge Road, Mile End, Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Thomas James Denne and August Hentschel,
Her special licence that we, the said Thomas James Denne and August
Hentschel, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Thomas James Denne and August Hentschel, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVED COMBINATIONS OF INGREDIENTS FOR TREATING, PREPARING, STIFFENING,
AND THICKENING RAW, FELTED, Spun, and WovEN FIBRES AND FABRICS, ALSO FOR
USE IN DYEING AND PRINTING SUCH FABRICS AND FIBRES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Thomas James Denne and August
Hentschel, or one of us, our executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under our, or one of our, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW NOW YE, that we, the said Thomas James Denne and August
Hentschel, dọ hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is. to
say:
m
Tesantion solates to the combination of ingredients. for the

page_text: The ingredients consist of caseinc and glycerine or lactarine and
glycerine in combination, to which may be added soap and oil, as
herein-after described. We take caseine or lactarine and dissolve it by
the aid of ammonia in water, or by other known means, to a required
consistency, and add to it glycerine in required quantity. To this com-
position we add for some purposes soap or oil.
We now proceed to show our method of thickening, and thickening,
dyeing, and printing a woven fabric, presumably of wool. We make
our composition by preference hot (although this is not a necessity), and
put the material into it, keeping it well stirred until sufficiently saturated,
and allow it to cool down, continuing the stirring. When sufficiently
cool it is taken out, the superfluous quantity is pressed or squeezed out,
and it is allowed to dry. After this it is put into a tannin solution
or alum, or alum with chloride of zinc, or in other known mordants,
and again allowed to dry. After this it is well rinsed in clean water
and soap is well worked into it, and then well washed in clean water
and dried. After this it can be finished for the market in known ways.
If we wish to dye the material at the same time that it is thickened
we add the colour to the composition before putting the material into it,
or if desired it can be dyed after it is thickened.
If instead of thus dyeing wo wish to print the material either before or
after it is thickened we do so in the known ways with our composition,
to which colour has been added; but when we thus print with the com-
position we add more glycerine to it and fasten the colour, as previously
shown. For some purposes we also add soap or oil to this printing
composition.
In all instances when the colour is an carthern one wo prefer to grind
the colour in glycerine.
In dyeing and printing vegetable fibres or materials made from them
we prefer in some cases to pass the materials through a weak tannin or
acidulated solution before dyeing or printing it.
No precise quantities of any of these ingredients can be given as fixed,
as not only will different quantities give a required result, but different
materials will require different quantities, according to the result that
may be required to be obtained.
For scouring wool we take the mixture of cascine with ammonia and
water, plunge the raw wool into this, allow it to soak for a few minutes,
3

page_text: and then squeeze it out and pass it through soap and water, and after-
wards through water to wash the soap out in the usual and well-known
manner.
If we desire to thicken or add to the weight to this scoured wool we
treat it as described for woven wool.
What we claim as our Invention is, the employment of dissolved
cascine and glycerine or dissolved lactarine and glycerine in combination,
and with or without the addition of soap or oil for the purposes.set
forth.
We also claim the combination of the various ingredients in the
manner and for the several purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas James Denne and August
Hentschel, have hereunto set our hands and scals, this Tenth
day of February, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.