matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING PUBLIC AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Whitehead and George
Cummings at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th
November 1879.
"
FRANCIS WHITEHEAD and GEORGE CUMMINGS, both of Blyth, in the County.
of Northumberland. IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING PUBLIC
AND OTHER BUILDINGS."
Our Invention relates to a method of and apparatus for heating or warming
public buildings, private houses, conservatories, hot houses, and the like, and it
has for its object to avoid the use of costly stoves, furnaces, and metal piping
generally employed in heating by a circulation of hot water, and to substitute in
lieu thereof a cheap and simple apparatus, consisting of sheet iron flues, in which
a current of hot air is established by means of one or more gas or other burners
contained in boxes communicating with such flues, whereby a great saving in first
cost and in fuel is effected, as the thin sheet metal flues heat rapidly with a very
moderate consumption of gas. It is therefore unnecessary to commence to heat a
place of worship or other public building overnight, as is now commonly done,
about 2 hours before the building is required for use being sufficient with our
Invention to establish a comfortable temperature therein. In carrying out our
Invention in practice we provide one or more sheet iron boxes connected at top
with sheet iron flues led round inside the building wherever required, and finally
outside the building or into a chimney or flue. Two or more tubes can run parallel
into a cross tube or tubes leading to one outlet, and the sheet iron boxes may
communicate with the same or different flues for the circulation of the hot air,
which may all lead into the same chimney or outlet. The sheet iron boxes in
which the burners are contained are closed, with the exception of their connection
with the flues and of a series of perforations at the lower part for the inlet of fresh
air, controlled by sliding door or damper in order to regulate the draught. By
placing the gas boxes, which occupy but a very
small space, at proper intervals in
the flues in the case of a large building a regular current of hot air is kept up. By
this arrangement a regular and equable heat is maintained, and all impurities and
bad smell resulting from the combustion of the gas are carried off.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN TUBE-WRENCHES OR APPLIANCES FOR GRIPPING AND TURNING TUBES AND PIPES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wills at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1879.
JAMES WILLS, of Sheffield, in the West Riding of the County of York. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TUBE-WRENCHES OR APPLIANCES FOR GRIPPING AND TURNING
TUBES AND PIPES."
This Invention relates to tube wrenches or appliances for gripping and turning
(rotating) tubes and pipes.
The object of this Invention is to produce an efficient and cheap form of tube-
wrench.
The simplest form of my improved tube wrench consists of a cylindrical handle
or shaft with a solid L. shaped head or claw, and a moving jaw in the form of a
sliding ferrule or collar with a serrated face, the said face being set at an angle to
the shaped head or claw, and the said moving jaw sliding on the shaft or handle,
and being secured in position by a set-screw fitting into a slot in the said shaft or
handle. In using a tube wrench of the above description the tube will be inserted
between the claw and the serrated face of the moving jaw, the said moving jaw
being pressed against the tube with one hand whilst the handle is being pulled
round by the other hand, by which means the tube is gripped firmly by the wrench,
and can be rotated by it without the wrench slipping round the tube.
As a modification of this simple form of wrench the moving jaw aforesaid can be
used with a spring (for instance a helical spring), in which case the shaft or handle
would be made with or fitted with a flange, against which one end of the spring
would act, the other end of the said spring acting against the moving jaw aforesaid
forces it up against the tube, thus obviating the necessity of using the hand for this
purpose.
As a further modification the wrench, as firstly described, can be fitted with a
lever working on a pin fixed to the shaft, one end of the said lever bearing against
the moving jaw, and the other end being placed conveniently for the hand of the
operator, so that when pressed by the hand the said lever will force the moving jaw
against the tube.
The tube wrench, as secondly and thirdly described, can be used with one hand
only.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOP VALVES AND LUBRICATORS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Nicholas Floyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1879.
JOHN NICHOLAS FLOYD, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Machinist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOP VALVES AND LUBRICATORS."
In constructing a stop valve according to my Invention I form a flexible
metallic vessel having the figure of a bulb flattened in the direction of its axis, the
flexibility of the metal of which the said vessel is made permitting it to collapse or
expand, so as to bring its disc like sides nearer to or further from each other. The
openings at the middles of the discs are furnished respectively with axial pipes. A
vessel constructed as described virtually constitutes a tube capable, by virtue of a
flattened bulbous part near its middle, of being slightly lengthened or shortened.
In one end of the said tube a valve seat is fixed, and in the other end of the said
tube the valve is affixed by its stalk. When the tube is shortened the valve is
brought onto its seat, and the water way of the valve closed, and when the tube
is lengthened the valve is removed from its seat, and the water way opened. In
order to give the required motion to the valve, I enclose the elastic vessel and its
pipes in a casing of the same figure and capable of rotating upon it. The casing
is connected with the elastic vessel by screws in its upper and lower ends taking
upon right and left handed screws formed on the carrier of the stalk valve and the
valve seat respectively. Or the screwing action may be limited to one end of the
casing, the other end rotating without an advancing or retiring motion.
The rotation of the casing is effected by a handle attached to it, and by moving
the said handle in one or other direction the valve is opened or closed. Stop valves
made according to my Invention are applicable to the regulation of the flow of
water and other liquids, steam, and other vapours and gases.
The arrangement of parts hereinbefore described as a stop valve may with slight
modification be used as a lubricator. In this application of my Invention I employ
the elastic vessel as the reservoir for the lubricant, and use a stopper screwed in
the stalk of the valve to regulate the supply of the lubricant.
A COMPOSITION FOR SHAVING THE FACE OR OTHER PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Kratz at the Office of the Com-·
missioners of Patents on the 24th October 1879.
PAUL KRATZ, of Zug, Switzerland, but temporarily of No. 66, Coleman Street, in
the City of London. "A COMPOSITION FOR SHAVING THE FACE OR OTHER PARTS
OF THE HUMAN BODY."
The Invention relates to a composition or artificial stone for shaving the face or
other parts of the human body without requiring the use of a razor.
The composition or artificial stone may be prepared in the following manner :-
In a bottle containing a suitable quantity of filtered rain water or condensed water
I place from twenty five to thirty grammes of clear powdered lime free from any
chemical admixture.
The bottle is closed and allowed to stand until the surface is covered with a film,
the clear lime water is then filtered, and about three pints thereof is placed in a
suitable vessel, and to this lime water I add about two grammes of tartar, two
grammes of alum, fifteen grammes of isinglass, thirty grammes of gum arabic, all
of the best quality. This mass is then boiled and stirred for about an hour. It is
then poured into a vessel and left for about half an hour to cool, and I then
gradually add about six hundred and twenty five grammes of dry pulverized
pumice stone. When the mixture is formed into a kind of dough it is placed on a
table and kneaded, after which I add the white of an egg well beaten, and the
dough is again kneaded, when it is ready to be formed into cakes or tablets of.
the required size and form, and is dried at gradually increasing temperatures and
then hardened by heat.
The tablets thus formed are then ready for use, and the shaving operation is
effected by rubbing the parts, to be shaved with the said composition or stone until
the hair is removed.
Should the surface of the composition lose its sharpness from the effects of
grease or otherwise it may be restored by rubbing with a brush or by other suitable
means.
It is to be understood that in making use of this composition or shaving stone.
dampness or moisture must be avoided; and it is advisable that the face or other
part of the body to be shaved should be washed before the composition or stone is
used.
IMPROVED MANURE FOR HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Charles Leventon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1879.
"AN
EDWIN CHARLES LEVENTON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVED MANURE FOR HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER
AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to the production and manufacture of a manure for horti-
cultural purposes, being a flower food, and consists of a chemical admixture, the
basis of which is albumen, being blood brought to a semi soluble condition, by
preference without the use of acids. This albumen or blood is mixed with guano
in the proportion of about three parts of blood to one part of guano. The blood is
brought into a semi soluble condition by admixture with water, by preference hot
water, in which it is dissolved into a smooth paste, and then mixed uniformly with
the guano, or the blood and guano may be mixed at one process together. The
mixture thus made is packed in bags, tins, or cases, and in use is applied thus:-
In or about four ounces of the mixed blood and guano to every gallon of water.
This is well and frequently stirred up, and allowed to stand before using, at which
time it is again stirred up, and is given to the flowers or plants out of a watering
can when required.
By preference no acid is employed in dissolving the blood, which is done by using
water alone, but occasionally with some albumen it may be necessary to use acid,
in which case I prefer a small proportion of sulphuric acid.
The application of this manure to flowers has an extraordinary effect in increasing
the size of the blooms and the brilliancy of the colours.
For vegetables and shrubs the effect of this manure is most marked, creating
rapid growth and plants of unusual size.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOREENS OR OTHER WATERED CORDED FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Telford Smith and William
Binns at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December
1879.
CHARLES TELFORD SMITH and WILLIAM BINNS, Directors, of the Firm of Samuel
Smith and Company, Limited, of Bradford, in the County of York, Dyers and
Finishers. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOREENS OR OTHER
WATERED CORDED FABRICS."
This Invention has reference to that class of water marked corded goods known
as worsted moreens, worsted cords, or summer moreens, and cotton warp, worsted
cords, or summer moreens, and the improvement therein consists in sewing or
stitching, with cotton or silk thread, a selvage or "list" on the edges of such goods
either in a straight or wavy line. These sewn solvages may be put on either
before or after the operation of hot pressing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BENZALDEHYD, BENZOIC ANHYDRIDE, AND BENZOIC ACID
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Heinrich Jenssen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th March 1879.
FRIEDRICH HEINRICH JENSSEN, of Hamburg, in the Empire of Germany, Ana-
lytical Chemist, Doctor of Philosophy. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BENZALDEHYD, BENZOIC ANHYDRIDE, AND BENZOIC ACID."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of benzaldehyd,
benzoic anhydride, and benzoic acid.
The decomposition of chloride of benzole C, H, CH Cl, and trichloride of benzolo
C, H, C Cl, by means of water and muriatic acid at a high temperature, or by
means of alcalis and fossil alcalis into (aldehydic benzoate) benzaldehyd and benzoic
acid is well known.
According to this Invention I prepare the benzaldehyd or artificial oil of bitter
almonds C, H, CHO from chloride of benzole, acting upon it by concentrated sul-
phuric acid at an ordinary temperature (about 30° Centigrade 96° Fahrenheit).
=
I separate the artificial oil of bitter almonds from the sulphuric acid while the
production of muriatic acid is terminated, and then I purify it afterwards by a
distillation with steam of water.
H.CO
I prepare also the benzoic anhydride CH.CO10 from the trichloride of benzole
acting upon the latter by concentrated sulphuric acid, which contains about 4-5 %
of water at the same temperature as above described. The reaction being finished
the anhydride will crystallize under the form of small needles; I then separate it
from the sulphuric acid by means of any pressing machine, and dissolve it in benzole,
separate it from the latter by distillation.
The ordinary benzoic acid C, H, CHO, will be prepared in the same manner, the
only difference being that I add to the mixture of benzoic anhydride and sulphuric
acid a certain quantity of water, or I employ sulphuric acid containing a larger
quantity of water than that above named. I obtain by means of this manipulation
directly and immediately a white product, which I wash with water for separating
it from the sulphuric acid, and I purify it afterwards by a sublimation.
Instead of the sulphuric acid I can also employ phosphoric acid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE 'PICKING' APPARATUS OF POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Marchant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1879.
ROBERT MARCHANT, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, India-rubber
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE 'PICKING' APPARATUS OF POWER LOOMS
FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to the picking apparatus employed in power looms for
propelling the shuttle, and is principally applicable to woollen looms wherein heavy
shuttles are employed, the picker itself consisting of a metal casting sliding upon
two spindles, to which is attached a leather strap, which is also attached to the
picking shaft
Owing to the manner in which the straps have bitherto been connected to the
picker they have very quickly worn out and become useless, which is a considerable
source of expense.
To remedy this I attach to each end of the strap a link of metal, preferably
malleable iron, and these links pass over hooks formed or fixed on the top of the
picker, and on the end of the picking shaft, forming altogether a strong but flexible
attachment.
The strap itself may consist of leather, as heretofore, or it may consist of a com-
bination of canvass, leather, and india-rubber, or of india-rubber alone, or either of
these with a thin strip of metal. Or it may be of whale-bone, spiral-springs, wire,
or small metal rods attached to the links by any suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONTRIVANCES FOR CLOSING POCKETS AND BAGS OF LADIES' AND CHILDREN'S WEARING APPARELS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
(A
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1879.
communication from Valentin Manheimer, of Berlin, German Empire.)
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Patent Agents. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONTRIVANCES FOR CLOSING POCKETS AND BAGS OF LADIES' AND CHILDREN'S
WEARING APPARELS." (A communication from Valentin Manheimer, of Berlin,
German Empire.)
This Invention mainly consists in the application of a closing contrivance to the
externally visible pockets of the jackets or overcoats for ladies and children, of
ladies' and children's dresses or frocks, and of other ladies' wearing apparel.
Such pockets are generally so applied that the wearer cannot well see them, and
they thus afford facilities for pickpockets to steal the things contained therein, and
are otherwise unsafe.
According to this Invention the pocket is made with a flap or part folding on
to the pocket and fastened thereto by a suitable purse or bag closure. The flap
and the part it folds with may have metal frame edge, and be fastened together by
a reticule fastener. Or the flap may fold down over the pocket and be fastened
thereto by a spring clasp, and a peg entering an eyelet hole in the flap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER SIMILAR ROLLING STOCK."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hampton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1879.
"
THOMAS HAMPTON, of Sheffield, in the County of York; and JOHN BAKER, of
Rotherham, in the County of York aforesaid. IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR
RAILWAY AND OTHER SIMILAR ROLLING STOCK."
Our Invention relates to improvements in couplings for rolling stock, the object
being to provide a coupling which renders it unnecessary for the operator to go
between the carriages to secure it, which also when placed in a certain position is
automatic, and will work either on a curve or on a straight road, and should
therefore be of great use both in shunting and in ordinary traffic.
In carrying out our Invention as applied to railway passenger carriages, for
example, the draw bar is provided with a long horizontal slot in which slides a bar,
the front end of which carries a peculiar pear shaped link which hangs under the
hook on the draw bar. By means of a cross shaft and suitable handles on each side
of the carriage, the link can be raised above and dropped over the hook of the next
carriage, a suitable catch, which can also be raised without going between the
carriages, prevents the link from becoming disengaged. The slide bar carrying the
link can be drawn back by a second cross shaft, thus tightening up the couplings.
When desired to act automatically the link is raised to a horizontal position or
thereabouts, and when the carriages come together the front part of the link slides
up the inclined front of the hook of the opposite carriage and drops over the point,
thus coupling the two carriages.
If both links should accidentally be left up in the horizontal position the peculiar
shape of the link allows either one or the other to pass through the opposite one, and
engage with the hook.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TICKET HOLDERS AND EXHIBITORS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antoine Gache and Frédéric Bertrand
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1879.
ANTOINE GACHE and FRÉDÉRIC BERTRAND, both of the City of Marseilles, in
the Republic of France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TICKET HOLDERS AND EXHIBITORS."
This Invention consists in an improved form of ticket holder and exhibitor,
whereby the tickets of persons travelling by railway, tramway, steamboat, or other
means of conveyance in which tickets are employed shall bo securely held and
exposed to the view of the guard, conductor, or other person charged to examine
the tickets of travellers.
The improved ticket holder and exhibitor has the form of a solitaire or button
for cuffs, and the head or exposed part may be of any suitable form or shape, and
ornamented in any suitable manner. It is to be worn in one of the button-holes
of the coat, jacket, or other article of attire. The top or head of the solitaire is
made in two parts, the outer one working on a hinge, and a spring is inserted
between the two parts to force the outer part open when disengaged from a fastening
which secures it in its closed position. This fastening consists of a hook secured
to the inner face of the outer part of the head of the solitaire, and a similar hook
placed in the shank of the solitaire, which is hollow. The latter hook is formed
on the inner end of a rod, the outer end of which projects beyond the back part
of the solitaire, and is capable of being moved slightly up and down, so as to
engage or disengage with the hook on the outer part of the head. A spring is
placed inside the shank, so as to bear on the rod and secure the fastening when
locked. To open the head of the solitaire the projecting end of the rod is pushed
upwards, thereby disengaging the hooks and allowing the outer part of the head
to be forced outwards by the spring between the two parts of the head. The ticket
is placed with its top edge across the lower part of the head, and the outer part is
closed upon it, a point or projection formed thereon piercing the ticket and entering
a hole in the lower part, whilst at the same time the two hooks become engaged,
thereby firmly securing the ticket.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Fig. 1 shews a front view of the
improved ticket holder and exhibitor with a round head; Fig. 2 shews the same
view with a square head; Fig. 3 shews a side elevation; Fig. 4 shews a section
through a, b; Fig. 5 shews a section through c, d, the outer part of the head being
closed; Fig. 6 shews a section through c, d, with the outer part of the head open;
and Fig. 7 shews a front view of the solitaire and the position of the ticket when
secured therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TABLE WARE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Bennett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1879.
FREDERICK BENNETT, of Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, Manufacturer and
Importer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TABLE WARE."
This Invention relates to improvements in table ware intended for use wherever
ordinary plates are now used. In carrying out this Invention I form a plate of any
desired material, and of such a construction that the meat, vegetables, sauces, or
condiments, are contained or confined to separate compartments of the plate. This
may be effected in various ways by depressing or raising or otherwise dividing the
plate or portions of the plate as may be desired.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF UTILISING MATCH- BOXES FOR ADVERTISING PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th February 1879. A communication
from abroad by Charles Lasne, of Paris, France.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED MODE OF UTILISING MATCH-
BOXES FOR ADVERTISING PURPOSES." [A communication from abroad by Charles
Lasne, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to an improved mode of utilising match-boxes for adver-
tising purposes by the employment of the process of chromo-lithography.
The mode of practising the said Invention will vary according to the nature of
the material of which the match boxes are made, that is to say, the chromo-litho-
graphic impression may be effected either directly upon the said material before or
after it has been manufactured into boxes, or may be effected upon paper, card-
board, or similar material, which is to be afterwards gummed or otherwise fixed
upon the said boxes, the essential feature of the said Invention being the applica-
tion of advertisements of various kinds by means of chromo-lithography to the
exposed surfaces of all sorts of match-boxes, by which means a new kind of match-
box is produced.
It is to be understood that the said advertisements will be printed in various
colours. For example, the back ground will be of one colour, and the letters and
words of another colour; or the different letters and words may be of different
colours.
For card-board boxes designed to contain wax-matches the chromo-lithographic
impression may be effected directly upon the card-board of which the boxes are
made; and for boxes to contain what are known as "Swedish" matches the said
impression may be effected upon sheets of paper, which are afterwards cut into
strips and gummed or otherwise stuck upon and around the boxes.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WICKS FOR OIL LAMPS, ESPECIALLY FOR THOSE USED IN LIGHT- HOUSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Freeman and Absalom Elijah
Webb at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th June 1879.
JOHN FREEMAN, of Canonbury Lodge, Canonbury, and ABSALOM ELIJAH WEBB,
of Culford Road, Kingsland, both in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF WICKS FOR OIL LAMPS, ESPECIALLY FOR THOSE USED IN LIGHT-
HOUSES."
This Invention relates to an improved manufacture of wicks for oil lamps,
especially those used in lighthouses, the object being the formation of a wick that
shall be indestructible.
According to our Invention we arrange strips of porous fibrous stone, unglazed
pottery, or china biscuit ware, of a free porous character, within a casing of cotton
or like fabric, these being covered or coated with a wire gauze exterior tube. Lamp
wicks being thus manufactured can be in pieces suitable for lamp burners of any
construction, and can be wound up or down by the usual lifting appliances to
expose sufficient of the wick above the burner tube for the flame.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE FITTED TO VESSELS AND STEAMERS FOR INCREASING THEIR SPEED AND IMPROVING THEIR BUOYANCY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by Stephen Davies at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1879.
STEPHEN DAVIES, of Chapel House, Ebbw Vale, Monmouthshire. "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS TO BE FITTED TO VESSELS AND STEAMERS FOR INCREASING THEIR SPEED
AND IMPROVING THEIR BUOYANCY."
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus to be fitted to vessels and
steamers for increasing their speed and improving their buoyancy, and consists in
placing two shafts across a vessel and passing through and projecting on each side.
One is placed preferably below and the other above the water line.
The shaft below the water has a plate or disc keyed on each end, the said disc
being provided with a stud which forms a centre for a vibrating link.
The shaft which is above the water has a lever or crank arm keyed on each end,
and the free end of the said crank arm and that of the before mentioned vibrating
link (forming a pair on each side of the vessel) are connected by a link or links
which have propellers, preferably of cone shape, fixed to them.
The shaft carrying the discs is provided within the ship with a plate and lever
by which it can be set at any angle and be there held in any well known way.
This enables the propellers to be arranged to act at any angle according to the
direction required.
The mode of action is as follows:-The propellers are set to the angle required so
as to drive the vessel forward or backward or to act vertically to prevent the vessel
sinking
A vibratory motion is given to the shaft above water by any prime mover within
the ship, and by means of the crank arms at each end of it a similar or a recipro-
cating and propelling motion is imparted to the cone propellers.
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF FORMING THE SEAMS OF IMITATION FURS AND OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Wilford Paling at the Office
of the Cominissioners of Patents on the 12th June 1879.
FRANCIS WILFORD PALING, of Jewin Street, in the City of London.
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF FORMING THE SEAMS OF IMITATION FURS AND OTHER
SIMILAR FABRICS."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the method of forming tho
seams of imitation furs and other similar woven fabrics, by which the joinings are
rendered imperceptible on the face thereof, and the tendency of the edges of the
several parts or pieces of the fabric which it is desired to combine to fray out or
unravel during the operation of forming the seam or subsequently, as would other-
wise be the case from the manner of joining adopted, is entirely avoided.
In accordance with this Invention the pieces of fabric which it is desired to
unite or combine are laid with the face downwards on a suitable table and the
desired shape marked thereon. A layer of india rubber solution or other suitable
adhesive material is applied over the markings thus made, so as to cover the same
to a sufficient distance from each intended edge. The pieces of woven fabric having
been respectively cut so that the edges thereof will exactly coincide and be capable
of being "butted" against each other with perfect accuracy, are sewn together, all
risk of the edges fraying or unravelling being entirely obviated by the employment
of the solution of india rubber or other adhesive material, as hereinbefore mentioned,
whilst the seam so formned is not perceptible on the face of the woven fabric so
united.
This Invention is applicable to the treatment of such woven materials as are
intended to represent furs, and to plushes and other similar piled fabrics, whether
cut or otherwise.
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TOOTHING SAWS, AND OTHER SIMILAR OPERATIONS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Theaker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1879.
" IMPROVE-
HENRY THEAKER, of of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer.
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TOOTHING SAWS, AND OTHER SIMILAR OPERATIONS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the machinery for toothing saws and
other similar work, and its object is to simplify the mechanism of such machines
and to enable such work to be more quickly. executed than is usual, and in order
to attain this object I construct my improved machine for toothing saws (for
example) in the manner following:-I do away with the slides as used in the
ordinary punching machines, and use a revolving punch or punches instead of one
having a reciprocating motion. A bedplate, by preference of cast iron, is made of
sufficient length for the work intended to be done in the machine, at one end the
bed or die is fixed, and a strong support or headstock to carry the revolving head,
in which are fixed the punch or punches, and which also carries the feed worm.
The revolving head is secured to a strong shaft passing through the support or
headstock, and through a somewhat similar support at the other end of the bed-
plate, and is usually provided with a driving pulley or pulleys and a flywheel.
The feed worm which propels the saw plate forward after each punch has
operated on the saw plate is formed on the outside of the revolving head, and, by
preference, consists of about one turn of a screwthread of such a shape that
it will engage with the first indentation made in the saw plate and force the plate
forward as it revolves. The pitch of the worm determines the pitch of the saw
teeth. A suitable slide is provided to hold up the plate to the cutters.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING AND MANUFACTURING ALUMINIUM, ALUMINIUM BRONZE, AND GOLD FROM CLAY, DROSS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, SUCH INVENTION HAVING ALSO REFERENCE TO COLLECTING AND PREPARING THE SAME FOR USE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peter Kagenbusch at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1879.
JOHN PETER KAGENBUSCH, of Leeds, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN EXTRACTING AND MANUFACTURING ALUMINIUM, ALUMINIUM BRONZE, AND GOLD
FROM CLAY, DROSS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, SUCH INVENTION HAVING ALSO
REFERENCE TO COLLECTING AND PREPARING THE SAME FOR USE."
To extract and manufacture the metal aluminium from clay, I take pure clay, or
nearly so, containing a small per centage of ninerals, and employ the requisite
fluxes for bringing the clay into a liquid state in a crucible or furnace, then is
added copper and zinc to create electricity in order to decompose and separate the
alumina into the metal known as aluminium. After this stage I add lead which
combines with the metal aluminium; the alloy of lead and aluminium is then
separated from the slag in the usual way, being then cupelled in the same manner
as lead with silver or gold, the aluminium remaining in the cupel.
In order to extract and manufacture aluminium bronze direct from clay, I employ
the same process and fluxes as for aluminium, but add copper instead of lead, the
quantity being in accordance with the percentage of aluminium required for the
aluminium bronze.
In order to extract and manufacture gold from clay or slag, I proceed at first to
apply the requisite known fluxes to bring the material into a liquid state, this
being effected in a crucible or furnace; copper and zinc is then added to create
electricity, by which means the gold (chemically combined with the silica and
alumina in the iron slag or clay) is separated from the above elements, then I add
lead which combines with the gold, and this alloy is separated from the slag in the
usual way. The above alloy of lead and gold is then cupelled, the gold remaining
in the cupel
A NEW OR IMPROVED EARRING LOCK AND FASTENER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parsons and Henry Allen
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1879.
WILLIAM PARSONS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Jeweller, and
HENRY ALLEN, of Birmingham aforesaid, Die Sinker. "A NEW OR IMPROVED
EARRING LOCK AND FASTENER."
The object of our Invention is explained in the title. We first construct a
suitable tube or barrel, within which we fit a small helical spring. We attach to
the top of this tube or barrel a square tube of suitable size. The bow (which is to
pass through the ear) is formed with a hook or catch at its forward end, and at
the other end we form a square which fits into the before mentioned square tube,
and it is bent at right angles to form a stop. The catch of the before mentioned
bow takes into a suitable loop at the upper end of a link or connecting piece, which
link or connecting piece is hinged at its lower end, to the lower part of the before
described tube or barrel.
When the said parts are in their respective positions the helical spring forces the
said bow upward by pressing against the lower end thereof, and so holds the catch
securely in the loop at the end of the before described link.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC BANDS OR HOOPS USED FOR THE STRENGTHENING OR PROTECTION OF TUBES, BOBBINS, OR OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lawrence Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th August 1879.
LAWRENCE WILSON, of the City of Manchester, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN METALLIC BANDS OR HOOPS USED FOR THE STRENGTHENING OR PROTECTION OF
TUBES, BOBBINS, OR OTHER STRUCTURES."
My improvements relate to the manufacture of tubes and bobbins used for
preparing and spinning cotton, wool, and other fibres, and are also applicable to
other tubular and otherwise formed structures, where strength or durability is
desired to be combined with lightness. And the improvements consist in applying
to tubes, bobbins, and other tubular or otherwise formed structures, one or more
external and internal metallic spring bands or hoops in such manner that the
external bands or hoops clasp the tube or other structure with an elastic pressure,
and the internal bands or hoops exert an elastic outward or resisting pressure; by
which means the bands or hoops can be sprung on to the structure, so as to fit into
grooves which I prefer to prepare for that purpose. Bands or hoops thus formed
may be composed of steel, brass, or other metals having suitably elastic qualities,
and may be allowed to overlap their extremities or not as may be found most
convenient, and may be constructed of such design as is suitable to the object
required to be strengthened or protected by this means. In some cases one or
more external bands or hoops only are used, in others internal only, and in others,
both kinds are preferred. I am aware that metallic rings or hoops of various kinds
have been adopted with the same object in view; but these are entirely different
from this my present Invention, which I would have it understood may be varied
both in the form and substance, together with the mode of securing the bands or
hoops employed, without departing from its peculiar character.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC RINGS USED FOR INSERTING INTO GROOVES OR RECESSES FORMED AROUND THE INTERIOR OF THE MOUTHS OF JARS AND BOTTLES FOR THE STOPPERS OF THE JARS OR BOTTLES TO FIT AGAINST TO FORM A TIGHT JOINT
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hiram Codd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1879.
HIRAM CODD, of No. 58, King William Street, in the City of London, Bottle
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC RINGS USED FOR INSERTING INTO
GROOVES OR RECESSES FORMED AROUND THE INTERIOR OF THE MOUTHS OF JARS
AND BOTTLES FOR THE STOPPERS OF THE JARS OR BOTTLES TO FIT AGAINST TO
FORM A TIGHT JOINT."
This Invention has for its object improvements in elastic rings used for inserting
into grooves or recesses formed around the interior of the mouths of jars and bottles
for the stoppers of the jars or bottles to fit against to form a tight joint.
At the present time the clastic rings used for this purpose are composed entirely
of flexible elastic material, usually vulcanized india rubber, and are by reason of
their flexibility and elasticity liable to be drawn out from the grooves or recesses
in the bottle when the bottle is opened. To remedy this I form the rings partly of
a comparitively rigid material, which will in pede the ring from altering its circular
form, and so prevent it from being withdrawn. This may be effected by forming
the elastic ring with a ring of thin metal embedded in it, in which case the ring
may be inserted into the groove or recess in the mouth of a jar or bottle by first
bending the ring to allow it to be partially inserted into the groove, and then
opening out the ring by inserting a suitable expanding tool into it to press it into
the groove, and cause it to resume its circular form; or the ring may be made partly
of permanently elastic and flexible material, such as vulcanized india rubber, and
partly of other compound of india rubber or other material that will become flexible
when warmed but is comparatively rigid when cool. In this case a layer of the
rigid material may be interposed between two layers of the ordinary flexible
vulcanized india rubber, so that both the interior and exterior circumferences of
the ring shall be elastic and capable of adapting themselves, one to the bottom of
the groove or recess in the bottle or jar, the other to the surface of the stopper. To
insert such a ring into a groove or recess in the mouth of a jar or bottle it is first
warmed to render its central portion flexible; it can then readily be inserted into
the groove or recess, and when it cools the central portion of the ring will set and
become comparatively rigid, and impede the ring from being withdrawn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Vaughan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1879. A com-
munication from abroad by Eugéne Roman and Nicolas Louchet, of Paris, in
the Republic of France.
GEORGE EDWARD VAUGHAN of 67, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER." [A communication from abroad by Eugéne Roman and Nicolas
Louchet, of Paris, in the Republic of France.]
This Invention relates to the obtainment of motive power by the action of
running water on pallets or paddles applied as shewn in the accompanying
Drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 represents in elevation a simple form of hydraulic engine constructed
on this principle, and Figures 2, 3, a plan and end view of the same.
In these Figures a, a, are longitudinal beams of wood or iron to which are fixed
the paddles or pallets d, d. These pallets are shewn of a concave shape, but may
be flat or otherwise as desired.
b, b, are cranked shafts (one of which is seen apart in Fig. 4) which carry the
beams a, a, in the bearings c, c; e, e, are tie rods connecting the pallets of each
series. g, g, are tubular or other floats on which the apparatus is mounted, and
which when required may be replaced by piles or other stationary supports.
h, h, crossbars maintaining the spacing of the floats; f, a winch arrangement by
which the pallets may be raised out of the water when at rest, and which may be
replaced by any other appropriate elevating mechanism.
The action of the above apparatus will be understood by reference to Figures 1, 3,
the former representing the first series of pallets immersed in the stream, the
current of which in the direction of the arrows carries these pallets forward until
the crank on which their sustaining beams are mounted has sufficiently revolved to
allow the second series to penetrate to a certain depth, followed in due course by
the third, and so on continuously, the entry of the one series corresponding with
the egress of the other. The power thus obtained is transmitted to the main shaft
(say d) which, as indicated in Figure 2, may be made stronger than the rest.
The form, construction, dimensions, number of pallets, or shafts, and general
arrangement of the apparatus may be varied according to the locality, and to the
nature of the current of which the power is to be utilised.
AN IMPROVED AIR-MOTOR ENGINE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Imray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1879. A communication from
abroad by Jean Claude Blain, of Paris, France.
JOHN IMRAY, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED AIR-MOTOR ENGINE." [A communication from abroad by Jean
Claude Blain, of Paris, France.]
.
This Invention relates to an air motor engine applicable to the driving of
machinery or propellers. The engine consists of a hollow wheel having a rim, in
which are arranged six circular equidistant openings, each constituting a cylinder
fitted with a piston and its rod. The piston rod in each case enters a small hole in
a hollow segment of the boss or nave in which a vacuum is maintained. As the
wheel revolves each piston is caused to make a short stroke in the one direction by
atmospheric pressure, and in the opposite direction by a suitable spring. The
pistons are provided with caoutchouc packings to prevent ingress of air, these
packings acting as flexible diaphragms, secured at their middles to the pistons and
at their edges to the rims of the cylinders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR GLOVES, BOOTS, SHOES, AND GAITERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Blackwell at the Office of.
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1879.
GEORGE BLACKWELL, of Kingscote, Wotton under Edge, in the County of
Gloucester, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR GLOVES, BOOTS, SHOES,
AND GAITERS."
This Invention refers to improvements in springs for gloves, boots, shoes, and
gaiters to render them capable of clesing and opening without buttons, straps, or
ties of any kind, and it consists in forming a spring of two pieces of curved steel,
each having a head or extended portion at the top. One part is furnished with a
crank formed arm at the head, upon or through the end of which arm is formed a
stud, and in the corresponding part at about the same position are pierced boles,
into which this stud is received. The two parts are combined by a rivet through
each at the head, and the projection of the stud upon the one part keeps it apart
from the other part, unless when it meets the holes in the second part, into which
by the action of the spring it snaps, and thus secures the parts of the glove or other
article open or shut, as the case may be. The two parts of the spring are attached
to the article in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUCIFER MATCHES AND VESUVIANS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henry Howard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1879.
JAMES HENRY HOWARD, of Bow Road, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVED
APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUCIFER MATCHES AND
VESUVIANS."
This Invention relates to a novel construction of frame for holding match splints
while being dipped in the igniting composition, and consists of two perforated
plates held at suitable distances apart in any convenient manner, and having
between them a third perforated plate which is capable of being slidden backwards
and forwards.
The external plates I form of wood, metal, cardboard, or other suitable material,
but the central plate I prefer should be of thin steel, and it is held in guides
formed on the back of one of the external plates, or is otherwise secured thereto in
such a manner that it may be slidden backwards and forwards.
When using my improved frame with what is known as the wire match splint
machine, the frame is supported in any convenient manner in front of the splint
machine; the first row of the perforations in the three plates corresponding with
one another and with the splint boles. The splints are then pushed forward into
the frame, and the frame is lowered to bring the second row of perforations opposite
the splint holes, when a fresh lot of splints are pushed in and the frame is again
lowered, the same operations being repeated until the frame is full of splints. The
central frame is then drawn up either by hand or automatically, and firmly locks
the rows of splints in the plates. The tips of the splints at both sides of the plates
are then dipped in the igniting composition, and the plates hung up to allow the
composition to dry.
In some cases the movable central plate may be used as a knife for cutting the
splints in half instead of cutting them with a saw or knife as is now the case.
The improved frame may also be readily adapted to other kinds of match splint
machines, and it may be made with only two plates, one fixed and one movable,
or with five, two on either side of the movable plate, but the frame as above
described is most suitable for general use.
The frame may be also employed in the manufacture of wax matches or vesuvians
the stems of which are of glass, porcelain, or other material.
IMPROVED APPLIANCES EMPLOYED FOR SUPPORTING THE ROOFS OF COAL SEAMS DURING MINING OPERATIONS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Scott Wallace at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1879.
GEORGE SCOTT WALLACE, of Seaham Harbour, in the County of Durham, Cooper
and Earthenware Dealer. "IMPROVED APPLIANCES EMPLOYED FOR SUPPORTING
THE ROOFS OF COAL SEAMS DURING MINING OPERATIONS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO
OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to the means employed during mining or tunnelling
operations for supporting the roof of the excavation.
The means usually employed consist of chocks and supports, which being of wood
are liable to becoine decayed or in some instances to shrink and leave the work
unsupported, or the chock by improper usage become worn out of shape, and the
uprights not obtaining thereby a proper bearing become unsteady and dangerous
to life. To remedy these defects I construct a number of hollow brick like castings.
The shell is perforated with suitable holes, bolt holes or hand, so that a bar or
bolt may be passed through any of them either transversely or longitudinally.
When employed, they may be built up from the floor of the excavation to the roof
in the manner of bricks, either in open or close order as the locality or the
circumstances of the case demand, where great stability is required, they may be
laced or bound together by a bolt and nut.
In some cases these hollow brick like bodies may have but five sides instead of six
as is the case with bricks.