Improvements in Churning and Butter Making Apparatus.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Feb., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 12th Nov., 1894-1ccepted, 15th Dec., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Churning and Butter Making Apparatus.
1, THOMAS BRADFORD of 140, High Holborn, in the County of London, Dairy
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention consists in the combination with churning and butter making.
apparatus of means of injecting air into the apparatus during both the churning
and the subsequent butter making operations; with the respective objects of more
effectually and positively aerating the cream during the churning process and.
especially at the critical period when the cream is undergoing the granulating
change vital to the making of good butter, and of drying the granulated butter
after the butter inilk has been drained from it; which more than half prepares the
butter for the final working and salting and lessens the liability of the butter grains
losing their perfect texture in such final working.
The invention is hereinafter described as applied to a novel arrangement of
combined churn and butter-making apparatus. In such apparatus there are
combined a churning vessel which is rotated during the churning operation and is
held stationary in any desired position during the butter-drying operation:-
exchangeable partitions applicable to the churning vessel respectively during the
churning operation and during the butter-drying operation;-and a fan applicable
to the churning vessel for injecting air or air and water into the churning vessel
during the churning operation, effectually and positively aerating and ventilating
the contents at such time, and for injecting air upon the granulated butter
for drying the same after being drained;-as hereinafter more particularly
described.
'
In such apparatus, the churning vessel may be made round, square, rectangular
or barrel-shaped, with end or peripheral openings for the placement and removal
of the contents normally closed by suitable removable lids or covers. The churning
vessel is fitted with tubular journals of comparatively large size, (which are mounted
in a suitable frame which will permit of the speedy removal of the churning vessel)
through one of which journals the air for aerating the cream during the churning
operation is admitted, the other journal being internally provided with means for
preventing any particles of cream from being blown through, and being externally
fitted with a driving wheel so mounted thereon that it may be made fast thereto
during the churning operation, and may revolve loosely thereon without imparting
motion thereto during the butter-drying operation.
The periphery of the churning vessel is also formed with an opening or openings
through which the air for drying the granulated butter can be directed onto such
butter while supported in a suitably inclined position within the churning vessel,
which latter, at such time, is held stationary in the desired position by means of a
lever fitted with a pin acting upon and falling when required into corresponding
holes in one of said journals, or otherwise in any suitable manner.
The churning vessel is internally fitted with exchangeable diaphragms or
diametrical partitions which are inserted longitudinally into the churning vessel,
the one being adapted for use during the churning operation, and the other for use
during the butter-drying operation.
The former partition is made with angularly disposed louvre-boards supported at
their ends by side boards, those at each end of the partition being so arranged as

page_text: to form a rectangular hopper having a wide mouth and a narrow outlet. Thus,
when the churn.is rotated, these, hoppers act as buckets, and alternately lift the
cream which is scooped up by the wide mouth of each bucket and einpties through
its contracted outlet, the action of which in breaking up the mass of cream (which
falls through the churning vessel) is rendered still further effective by breaker rods
supported by the side boards of the partition, within and adjacent to the contracted
outlets of the hoppers, and which more effectually agitate the cream and subject
it to the novel method of aeration herein before mentioned and thereinafter further
referred to.
The secondly referred to partition is fluted upon the one side and is plain on the
other. After the butter has been formed, and the butter-milk has been drained
from it, the granulated butter is placed, for the drying operation, upon the fluted
side of this partition, which, with the churning vessel, is, at such time, secured at a
suitable inclination to facilitate the draining away of any freed moisture. The
drying operation is then effected by injecting air through said peripheral opening
or openings directly onto the butter lying on the inclined fluted partition, which
blows off and absorbs the moisture from the butter, and, while preserving the grain
and texture of the butter particles from injury, more than half prepares it for the
final working as previously stated. This partition may then be removed and its
plain side used for the final making up of the butter into condition for the
market.
The said aerating and drying operations are effected by the agency of a fan
apparatus, which may advantageously be supported by the framing above the
churning vessel, and communicates with one of the hollow journals, and, when
required, with the peripheral opening or openings into the churning vessel, by
suitable piping or tubing fitted with the requisite valves or cocks for controlling the
supply of air as required. The fan shaft may, advantageously, be driven either
directly or indirectly from the driving wheel on the churning vessel journal by a
flexible connection, or connections or other means, which will permit of the fan
being driven at a comparatively slow speed for injecting the air for aerating the
cream during the churning operation, and at a comparatively high speed for
injecting the air for drying the granulated butter while the churn is secured
stationary.
It will be seen that an important feature in this arrangement consists in the
ability to inject, through the tubular journals, into the churning vessel during its
rotation, a current of air or a stream of water, which the current of air may induce
and inject at any required temperature; and which may be used for the
of
purpose
raising or lowering the internal temperature according to the season of the year;
and will enable the churning operation to be commenced at a higher temperature
and to be finished at a lower temperature, thereby giving greater consistency to
the butter particles or granules than has hitherto been accomplished by any other
method of churning.
The tubular journals serve the further purpose of serving for the more direct
ventilation of the churning vessel during the process of churning, enabling all the
vitiated or impure air and also all taint arising from over-ripe cream to be, not
merely liberated, but actually expelled from the churning vessel.
By the improved means herein described, I ensure the more speedy production
of butter of a superior and more uniform quality.
Dated this 8th day of February 1894.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Onurning anɑ Dutto
I, THOMAS BRadford, of 140, High Holborn, in the County of London, Dairy
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention consists principally in the combination with churning and butter-
making apparatus of means of injecting air into the apparatus during both the
churning and the subsequent butter-making operations; with the respective objects
of more effectually and positively aerating the cream during the churning process
and especially at the critical period when the cream is undergoing the granulating
change vital to the making of good butter, and of drying the granulated butter
after the butter-milk has been drained from it, which more than half prepares the
butter for the final working and salting and lessens the liability of the butter grains
losing their perfect texture in such final working.
The means of injecting air into the churning vessel may also be used in injecting
water into the churning vessel, as hereinafter further referred to.
The invention is hereinafter described as applied to a novel arrangement of
combined churn and butter-making apparatus. In such apparatus, there are
combined a churning vessel which is rotated during the churning operation and is
held stationary in any desired position during the butter-drying operation;-
exchangeable partitions applicable to the churning vessel respectively during the
churning operation and during the butter drying operation;-and a fan applicable
to the churning vessel for injecting air (or air and water) into the churning vessel
during the churning operation, effectually and positively aerating and ventilating
(or moistening) the contents at such time, and for injecting air upon the granulated
butter for drying the same after being drained ;-as hereinafter more particularly
described.
The aforesaid arrangement of apparatus is represented on the accompanying
drawings, on which-
Fig. 1 represents a side elevation.
Fig. 2, represents a front elevation partly in section.
Fig. 3, represents a sectional elevation through the line 1-1, Fig. 2.
Figs. 4, represent views of the churning diaphragm-and-
Fig. 5, represents a perspective view of the drying and butter making
diaphragm.
a, represents the churning vessel which may be made of a barrel or other suitable
shape, rotated end over end and formed with one or more end or peripheral
openings a', for the placement and removal of the contents, each such opening
being normally closed by a suitable removable lid or cover a².
The vessel a, is fitted with tubular journals a³, (Figs. 1 and 2) of comparatively
large size which are mounted on anti-friction wheels h, or otherwise in such a
manner as to permit of the speedy removal of the vessel. Through one of the
journals a³, the air for aerating or the water for moistening the cream during the
churning operation is injected as hereinafter described, the opposite journal being,
if required, internally or at its inner end provided with a shield or other suitable
means of preventing any particles of cream from being blown therethrough. Such
lastly referred to journal is also fitted with a driving wheel c, which, by means of a
collar c', pinned to the journal and a thumb screw c, passing through its hub into
the journal, is so mounted therein that it may be made fast thereto during the.
churning operation, and may be allowed to revolve, loosely thereon without

page_text: .
imparting motion thereto during the butter drying operation, when the vessel a, is
required to be stationary and the air injecting apparatus driven at an enhanced
speed.
The vessel a is also formed with an opening at a', through which the air for
drying the granulated butter can be directed on to such butter while supported on
a drying diaphragm g, in a suitably inclined position within the vessel a, which, at
such time, is held stationary by means of a lever d, hinged to the frame e, and
fitted with a pin d', adapted, when required, to fall into a hole or holes in the
adjacent journal a', the lever being also fitted with a depending hinged arm d
which can be secured in any desired position so as to locate the lever d,, as
required by a thumb screw d.
The churning vessel is internally fitted with exchangeable diaphragms or
diametrical partitions f, g, which are inserted longitudinally into the churning
vessel, the one f, being adapted for use during the churning operation, and the
other 9, for use during the butter drying operation.
The partition is made with angularly disposed louvre-boards f1, supported at
their ends by side boards f, the pair at each end of the partition being so
arranged as to form an angular hopper having a wide- mouth and a narrow
outlet. Thus, when the churn is rotated, these hoppers act as buckets and
alternately lift the cream which is scooped up by the wide mouth of each bucket
and empties through its contracted outlet, the action of which (in breaking up
the mass of cream which falls through the churning vessel) may be rendered still
further effective by cross breaker rods (not shown) supported by the sides of the
partition within and adjacent to the contracted outlets of the hoppers, and which
if applied would tend to more effectually agitate the cream and subject it to
the novel method of aeration hereinbefore mentioned and hereinafter further
referred to.
The partition g, is longitudinally fluted upon the one side as at g', and is
plain on the other and is provided with numerous through holes g², for aerating
purposes.
After the butter has been obtained, and the butter milk has been drained from
it, the granulated butter is placed, for the drying operation, upon the fluted side
of the partition g, the vessel a, being at such time, as aforesaid, secured by the
lever d, at a suitable inclination to facilitate the draining away of any freed
moisture. The drying operation is then effected by injecting air through said
peripheral opening a, directly onto the butter lying on the inclined fluted
partition, which air blows off and absorbs the moisture from the butter, and
while preserving the grain and texture of the butter particles from injury, more
than half prepares the same for the final working as previously stated. The
partition g, may then be reversed and its plain side used for the final making-up
of the butter into condition for the market.
The said aerating, water injecting and drying operations are effected by the
agency of a fan apparatus, which may advantageously be supported by the
framing e, above the churning vessel, and communicates with one of the hollow
journals a³, by suitable connections h', and when required, with the peripheral
opening a into the churning vessel, by a flexible connection 2, the apparatus being
fitted with the requisite valves ³, h, for directing and controlling the supply of air
as required.
The water to be injected by the air injected through the journal a³, may be
supplied by a reservoir j, fitted with a tap or valve 1, adapted to deliver into a
funnel, which leads into the descending piping W. Or the water may be supplied
by any other convenient means to the journal u³, for injection therethrough by the
air current.
The fan shaft, may advantageously be driven directly from the driving
wheel c, by a strap or other flexible connection c³, or other means which will permit
of the fan being driven at a comparatively slow speed for injecting the air for
aerating the cream during the churning operation while the vessel a, is also being

page_text: rotated, and at a comparatively high speed for injecting the air for drying the
granulated butter while the churn is secured stationary.
The fan casing may advantageously be surmounted by a turntable i formed with
radiating arms adapted to support suspended cans of hot, warm or cold water
opposite the inlet to the fan casing, so that the entering air may be heated or
cooled or regulated in temperature as required.
An important feature in the aforesaid arrangement of apparatus consists in the
ability to inject through the tubular journals, into the churning vessel during its
rotation, a current of air or a stream of water which the current of air may induce
and inject at any required temperature; and which may be used for the purpose of
raising or lowering the internal temperature according to the season of the year,
and will enable the churning operation to be commenced at a higher temperature
and to be finished at a lower temperature, thereby giving greater consistency to the
butter particles or granules than has hitherto been accomplished by any other
method of churning.
The tubular journals serve the further purpose of serving for the more direct
ventilation of the churning vessel during the process of churning, enabling all the
vitiated or impure air and also all taint arising from over ripe cream to be, not merely
liberated, but actually expelled from the churning vessel.
By the improved means herein described, I ensure the more speedy production of
butter of a superior and more uniform quality.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination with churning and butter making apparatus of means of
injecting air into the churning vessel during both the churning and the butter
making operations, substantially in the manner herein before described.
2. The hereinbefore described arrangement of combined churn and butter making
apparatus, wherein are combined a churning vessel, exchangeable diaphragms, and
a fan, respectively adapted to co-operate as described.
3. In combination, a rotatable churning vessel provided with tubular journals and
a churning diaphragm, a fan, connections (under control) leading from the fan to
one of said journals, and means of driving such vessel at a low speed and the fan
at a high speed, so as to inject air or air and water into the vessel through its
journal during its rotation for aerating or moistening the cream during the churning
operation.
4. In combination, a rotatable churning vessel provided with a closable peripheral
opening and a butter-drying diaphragm, a fan, connections (under control) leading
from the fan to such opening in the vessel, and means of driving the fan at a high
speed while the vessel is held stationary, so as to inject air onto the butter supported
on the diaphragm for drying the same.
5. In combination, a rotatable churning vessel, provided with tubular journals
and a closable peripheral opening and with exchangeable churning and butter-
drying diaphragms, a fan, connections (under control) leading from the fan to one
of said journals and to said peripheral opening in the vessel, and means of driving
such vessel at a low speed and the fan at a high speed so as to inject air or air and
water into the vessel through its journal during its rotation for aerating and
moistening the cream during the churning, and of arresting the vessel and driving
the fan so as to inject air into the vessel through its peripheral opening while
stationary, for drying the butter.
6. In combined churning and butter making apparatus, a rotatable churning
vessel provided with tubular journals and a peripheral opening for the respective
purposes aforesaid, and exchangeable diaphragms respectively adapted as aforesaid
for use during the churning and the butter drying operations.
7. The novel and peculiar formation of the churning diaphragm hereinbefore
described.

page_text: 8. The novel and peculiar formation of the butter drying and making up
diaphragm herein before described.
Dated this 10th day of November 1894.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.