Improved Means for. Utilizing the Pressure of Water in Pipes for Household Purposes.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 24th May, 1898-Accepted, 6th Aug., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for. Utilizing the Pressure of Water in Pipes for
Household Purposes.
I, FORTUNATO BERARDI, of 6, Rue Chiatamone, Naples, Italy, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This motor proposes to fulfil the following objects:-
1st. To utilize the pressure of waters for household purposes at the same time
that they are employed for drinking or for household uses, so as to obtain gratui-
tously the power necessary to actuate such motor, seeing that the water is already
paid for for such household purposes, and is not diverted from such use, but caused
to pass to the delivery cock, without its purity being impaired, after having been
employed in the motor and imparted its power thereto.
2nd. To utilize such pressure of small quantities of water employed, and for
very short periods in all operations which may be intermittently carried on, so as
to suit the system of drawing off water for household purposes, which is effected
intermittently as the water is required.
To carry out these objects the following means have been devised:
1st. A system serving to prevent the passage of the water through the motor
from affecting its suitability for household use.
2nd. The arrangement of the water supply pipe in the path to the said motor
so as to impart its force thereto and the return to the supply pipe so as to employ
the same water for household purposes..
3rd. The motor itself, the principal part of which consists in the jet and its
direction against a special water wheel of such form and lightness that it can
utilize the smallest pressures, and it can be actuated almost instantaneously, or be
arrested instantaneously, each time that the water delivery tap is opened or closed.
4th. Several specially designed systems of direction and transmission between
the movement of the wheel and the objects to be actuated.
The following description explains the manner in which these objects are
attained.
In the accompanying drawings the same parts are indicated by the same letters
in all the figures.
Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 illustrate the small hydraulic motor respectively in front
elevation, longitudinal section, transverse section and in plan. The cock A
(Fig. 1) is applied to the basin B, and it forms a supply similar to that usually
employed in households, with the only difference that, when the cock is opened,
the water, instead of running directly from the cock into the receptacles in which
it is to be used, on the contrary issues from the pipe C which is the discharge pipe
from the motor and the mouth of which is quite close to the ordinary exit from the
cock, after having by means of the tube I passed through the motor and imparted

page_text: its power thereto. This discharge pipe C for greater convenience may be con-
structed so that it can turn in any direction. For this purpose, as is shown in
Fig. 31, to the lower wall of the motor is fixed a short tube 1, to which is secured
a small collar 2 supporting a catch 3 soldered to the turning tube C. By these
means the water delivery pipe may be turned in any direction, which makes it
much more convenient for filling receptacles (bottles, glasses etc.) in which water
is to be placed for family use.
Fig. 5 which is a plan view of the motor, shows the manner of applying same,
while utilizing a water delivery which is frequently interrupted, as in the usual
way.
Such application may be effected either by placing the axis of the motor in the
same direction and as a prolongation of the axis of the article to be actuated, the
two axes being connected by means of a small fork F of about the form of a horse
shoe, or by the aid of a pulley G and band H which transmits its movement to
the point desired. The application according to the first method is shown in Fig. 5,
where it will be seen that the stand or table I to which the motor is screwed, is
provided with two standards L L which support a sewing machine, the axis of
rotation of which is in the same line M M as the axis of the rotation of the motor.
Within the small flywheel of the sewing machine the two ends of the small
fork of horseshoe form screwed to the axle of the motor are introduced.
A guide N, shown in detail in Figs. 28, 29 and 30 serves to ensure the regularity
of the feed of the fabric to be sewn, so that the work may be effected without any
attention. The guide consists of a bar 4 which bears outside the base of the
sewing machine. Perpendicular to such bar is another bar serving to guide the
fabric on one side, whilst the small spring 6 which may be moved to any point
along the small rod 7 serves to guide the path of such fabric on the other side.
A glass of water passing through the motor will represent a given number of
stitches in straight sewing, which may be effected without any assistance; a
pitcher will effect a greater number, and so on, and the work will be executed with
very little supervision as the drawing off of the water proceeds.
The work will be entirely free of cost and generally speaking will produce an
effect of certain importance.
By means of the pulley G and the band H slightly less effect will be produced
but more simply. The driving band may be applied to the same pulley of the
sewing machine as when it is driven by pedals.
By means of this transmission with this power which is quite free of cost
numerous applications for household purposes may be obtained for all small
machines for grinding coffee, pepper, etc., niincing machines etc., which operations
may be effected intermittently. This free power obtained by utilizing water drawn
off intermittently in the household may be regarded as possible even with the most
limited pressures of 2 or 3 metres, even for certain industrial applications, such for
example as for winding, to place threads in skeins, etc. One can even actuate any
appliances such as turn-spits, ice machines, dynamos for electric currents, even for
lighting, if the pressure at command permits it, fans for rooms, pianos or
mechanical musical instruments &c. The constant power requisite for the applica-
tions will be free of cost to the limit of the amount of the rate for the supply of
water, which will flow into receptacles of a given capacity.
Figs. 32 and 33 are end elevations and a plan view showing the application of
the motor for winding the small spools of thread for shuttles. The spool carrier 8
is carried by a support 9 to which is applied a plate 10 which is screwed through
its holes 11 to the strap or bande surrounding the motor case. From the multiple
pulley 12 of the motor the power is transmitted by means of a band or cord 13 to
pulley 4 of the spool-carrier. So that such driving cord may be placed on one or
other of the pulleys of different diameter and which constitute the multiple
pulley 12 of the motor, the plate 10 is provided with several holes 11-so as to be
able to displace same as required, and thereby bring its pulley 14 to exactly cor-
respond with one or other of the motor pulleys, according to the speed desired to

page_text: be imparted to the machine. This arrangement of spool-carrier will have to be
varied to suit the different forms of spool-carriers commercially in use.
The fact that the water is not deteriorated is due to the nature of the motor
itself, as the interior surfaces of the case enclosing the motor, and also the wheel,
are constructed of metal which cannot impair the purity of water; they may be
even coated with a varnish which does not affect water, or they may be nickeled.
The water is so protected from the lubricating oil by means of a separate out-
How arrangement, which will be afterwards described.
But so as to meet the requirements of those persons who in a matter so important
wish to only draw out the drinking water directly from the tap, without allowing
it to first pass through the motor, a screw 0 (Figs. 6 and 7) may be employed,
which serves to readily attach and detach the tube 1) (Figs. 1 and 2) to and from
the mouth D¹ of the cock. It is composed of three parts; the first part 0, P¹, P¹,
having the form of a T with two holes P1, P1 at the ends of its short arms, in
which are soldered and fixed the two ends of a metallic wire Q which is twisted
into a spiral form so as to be able to introduce therein the india rubber tube which
is to be connected to the mouth or nose D¹ of the cock. In the long arm of the
part 0, P is a screw which enters the second part, consisting of a drum R
pierced in the middle and cut away so as to permit of the insertion of the short
arms of the part 0, P. When the nose of the cock I has been inserted inside the
india rubber tube and the screw has been placed above such tube, if the wing
nut S is tightened, the latter will in its turn press on the drum R; this pressure
causes the spiral Q to shorten, which then binds the india rubber tube round the
nose 1 of the cock. When it is desired to draw water direct from the cock, the
screw S is loosened, and the india rubber tube is then easily detached. So as to
prevent the spiral metallic wire Q from damaging the india rubber tube a metallic
sleeve Qis placed inside such spiral. This sleeve prevents the metallic wire Q
from cutting the tube and further serves to produce greater friction without
excessively forcing the screw S. An oval metal plate S¹ is also added to the appa-
ratus and serves to prevent the hand being hurt in operating the screw.
Having thus described the method of application of the motor to water supplies
which are habitually interrupted (which does not interfere with the uses made of
constant and fixed quantities of the same water when it is delivered to receptacles)
and the system of attaching and detaching the tube, we will now pass to the de-
tailed description of the motor.
One part of the motor (Figs. 2 and 3) consists in a nozzle shown separately in
Fig. 8. The liquid issues through tube T which is an extension of tube D coming
from the water delivery cock, and the jet thereof strikes the angularly formed
paddles or blades U of the wheel V (Figs. 2 and 3). In Fig. 2 it will be seen that
the nozzle is situated so that the direction of the jet is perfectly normal to the
face of each blade at the moment when the blade itself is in such a position as to
receive the jet directly, without the latter striking against another blade.
The nozzle consists in a water delivery tube T, having on one end a small pro-
jection W which enables the india rubber tube D to attach itself thereto when
bound with an iron wire, and on the other end a screw thread Y serving to receive
the head X of the nozzle terminating in a cone, the apex of which is pierced with
a hole whose diameter is proportioned to the force the jet should receive from the
central core without any loss and which can be adjusted to the fraction of a milli-
metre.
This jet of water acts against the concave face of the blades of the wheel, and
as the orifice through which it issues should be changed in diameter according to
requirements, I make the base of the head X of the nozzle with faces like a nut
to enable it to be readily unscrewed and replaced by another of a different diameter.
To unscrew this nut-shaped head X of the nozzle, the bent spanner shown in Figs. 9
and 10 may be used, the head a of same entering the case of the motor E and
readily engaging the sides of the nut.
The nozzle should be soldered to the small case of the motor at such inclination

page_text: necessary to ensure that the jet of water only strikes one blade at a time, always
in a direction normal to the blade as above described. In order to retain this
direction with exactitude which is very important, it is necessary that the change-
able heads of the nozzle X should all be of absolutely equal dimensions and
especially have the same screw threads, so that the jet strikes the blades always
in a position normal to such blades and at the same point, all that is changed
being the diameter of the hole by which the water issues and consequently the
size of the jet, according to the different pressures of the water and the different
applications which require a greater or smaller power. As, in the manipulation
necessary for changing the heads X of the nozzle, in unscrewing one head to re-
place it by another, such head might fall inside the case E of the motor, which
would give great trouble to recover such head, I have thought of providing a small
receptacle of thin sheet iron, shown in plan, front elevation and side elevation in
Figs. 34, 35 and 36. The iron forming this receptacle is bent over right round
its edge at a right angle so as to form a rim 15 which rests on the edges of the
case of the motor. By means of this rim the small receptacle is supported inside
the case of the motor beneath the head X of the nozzle; if such head should by
chance fall, as will be seen by the dotted line 16 in Fig. 2, it will be caught in
such receptacle. After having screwed on the said head X of the nozzle, the
receptacle is removed, which would otherwise prevent the action of the jet of water
upon the blades of the motor wheel.
There are some cases in which the motor may be applied to machine tools which
require variable speed. In these cases it is advisable to divide the tube which
directs the jet of water on to the blades of the wheel into two or more branches,
and applying to each of these branches a nozzle having a different orifice, each
branch having a jet controlled by a special cock. When great power is required,
the nozzle having the largest orifice is employed, when less force is required the
nozzle having the smaller opening is employed, such arrangement preventing the
loss of the store water. If a very great power is required two or more jets or
nozzles may be employed simultaneously, acting together upon several blades of
the wheel.
The water wheel which is the most important part of the motor is applied
to a revolving axle 6 (Figs. 2 and 3), which in its turn is supported on a strip of
iron c which surrounds the wheel in the form of a rectangular figure, and to which
is attached the base of the machine by means of standards e e, which may be
made in several different forms; either upright as in Fig. 2 or lateral as in
Fig. 11, or of semicircular form or otherwise; they are attached to the
strip
c on the shortest sides of the rectangle: The iron strip c which
serves to support the axis of the wheel serves also for attaching
the complete motor to the- wall. In fact to this strip may be attached
two supports e e (see Figs. 37, 38 and 39 which respectively show a
front elevation, side view and plan of the system for attaching the motor to the
wall) of angular form, which may be introduced with great facility between the
wall and the vertical parts 17 of two hooks driven into the wall, similar to those
which are employed for attaching pictures. With equal facility the motor may
be taken from its position. In order that the small casing of the motor bears
straight against the wall and does not remain in an inclined position, to the wall of
such case may be attached one or more rods 18 of equal length the extremity of
which bears against the wall. If it is desired that the small case of the motor
instead of bearing entirely against the wall should on the contrary be situated
obliquely thereto, so that it makes a variable angle with such wall, the said small
case may be fixed to a bar of wood or iron 19, (see Fig. 40 which is a plan view of
the motor), which at 20 turns upon another bar 21 fixed to the wall; when the
motor has been placed in the desired position, it is fixed by means of a pressure
screw 20 which fixes the pivot. The motor might also be placed upon a table as
shown in Fig. 5.
The wheel V (Figs. 2 and 3) is formed of a drum f upon which at equal

page_text: distances apart are soldered the blades U of angular form, that is to say formed
from a strip bent to an angle, as will be seen in Fig. 12, where a blade is repre-
sented separately in transverse section. The number of blades may be twelve,
either more or less, according to requirements.
These blades are connected towards their ends by a metallic wire g, the drum
and the blades are formed of very thin plates of metal such as, nickeled zinc, or
aluminium or other suitable metal, of the smallest possible thickness, so that they
are very light, and they may be even of less weight than 70 grammes when they
are constructed of nickeled zinc and when the wheel has a diameter of 23 centi-
metres, and the blades a width of 3 centimetres. The diameter of the wheel and
the width of the blades may be further increased or diminished, and a greater
lightness may be attained by constructing the wheel of aluminium or other metal.
In the centre of the drum of the wheel is a prolonged rectangular guide hh
into which is introduced and soldered the square axis b of English steel or
aluminium or other metal. This axis is round only at the part where it is jour-
nalled, one of its round ends is screw threaded at its extremity; to this screw
thread is screwed the small fork For the pinion G (Figs. 5 and 15) in the opposite
direction to that of the rotation which the motor makes in order to transmit its
movement to the machine tools. The system of application of the wheel to the
axis may be modified by placing in the centre of the drum of the wheel a square
bush of brass or other metal i having a central screw threaded hole to which is
screwed the axis shown separately in Fig. 13, and which differs from the other
axis inasmuch as it is entirely round and screw threaded in its centre so as to be
able to screw the bush i thereto in the direction of the rotary movement which it
is to make, and which at the point where the screw terminates, ends in a small
collar. The wheel thus mounted being presented to the jet of water in the direc-
tion in which it is screwed, if it is turned in the opposite direction it can be taken
apart with ease. The other projecting parts m serve to afford a greater exactitude
in the rotation of the axis, preventing the smallest horizontal displacement in the
rotation of the said axis within the bearings shown separately in Figs. 14 and 15.
These bearings are fixed to the middle and central part of the longest sides of
the strip in the form of a paralellogram, as will be seen in Figs. 3 and 16.
They may he replaced by simple collars n Fig. 16. Each of these
bearings represented in Figs. 14 and 15 is composed of two parts;
the lower part is fixed to the strip e by means of two screws ? P.
oval instead of being
The holes through which these, screws pass are
round, the longest axis of the oval being vertical, with the object of per-
mitting of their being raised when the under part becomes worn, the two screws
sufficing to hold them. The upper part o¹ is connected to the lower part by means
of two vertical screws p² p¹ which enable the bearing to descend in the case of the
upper part of the hole wearing away. The holes q g of the bearing (Fig. 15)
should at the two extremities terminate in two conical holes having a larger
diameter than that of the said hole so as to diminish the friction of the axis: these
two holes further serve to make the flow easier of the lubricating oil which is
delivered from the small tuber to the axis, passes into the said holes a q, and
by means of a channels passes into the reservoir (Fig. 16), without soiling the
outer part of the bearing and consequently the water which is contained in the
motor. A disc s situated upright in the centre of the reservoirs t serves to pre-
vent with great certainty the oil from passing from the axis into the water which
is in contact with the motor. Figs. 16 and 17 represent this apparatus for the
separation of the oil from the water.
two
Figs. 2 and 3 show the envelope E or small casing of zinc or other metal covered
inside with tar or other suitable material, which encloses the small motor; it is
surmounted by a cover which carries below an inclined plane which prevents
the water being spread out.
Beneath the casing there is a mouth for the discharge of water, which may be
either lateral or vertical, that is to say at the bottom of the small casing E. accord-

page_text: ing to whether it is desired to place the motor against the wall or upon a table.
The vertical discharge has been already shown in Fig. 31. The two reservoirs t
(Figs. 15, 16 and 17) existing in the middle of the two wide sides of the casing or
envelope E, and which are prolonged down to the bottom of such casing, are situated
beneath that part of the axis of the wheel which projects outside the casing E, and
which is no longer supported by the bearings or on the collars. Two other half
collars zz situated above this part of the axis, the one z of which is within the
casing and the other outside same, serve to prevent the water which has been
thrown near to the wall while sliding along the axis and consequently become less
pure from being sent back again by the centrifugal force of the rotation within the
case. On the other hand by reason of these two half collars z 2¹ this water is
directed with the drops of oil into the reservoirs t. These two reservoirs t are con-
nected together by means of a small pipe A" (Fig. 17) which communicates with
such reservoirs by communication holes B", so that the discharge of the two small
reservoirs will take place at the outer end of the small tube Cu (Figs. 3 and 16).
Fig. 18 shows the small metal casing indicated above, surrounded by other rect-
angular frame " connected together. The object of these frames is to diminish the
extent of the oscillations of the metallic plate of the casing, and for this purpose they
are provided on the interior with india rubber, leather, or other suitable material;
the stays EE" serve to hold together the metallic plate of the envelope of the
iron casing DD". In Fig. 19 the motor is shown covered with a second envelope,
which can only be employed with the bearings and the screwed axis, a fitting
together and dismounting by screw being necessary. In the space existing be-
tween the first and the second envelope (Figs. 18 and 19) sand or cotton may be
placed to diminish the noise which is produced by the motor.
The distance between the first and second envelopes may also be greater, as
shown in Fig. 20, which represents a section of the motor in a horizontal plane,
and in which the small casings G"G" filled with sand, surround on all sides the
interior of the motor, and the axis prolonged so as to be able to pass through same,
is surrounded by a tube H" to protect it from the sand.
If desired the cock may be manipulated by means of a pedal, by an automatic
system, when the motor is applied to a sewing or other similar machine situated
on a flat surface or table I.
In such case the cock I (Figs. 21 and 21bis, showing in side elevation and
front elevation such application) which opens or closes the communication of the
water with the motor and which consequently controls the motor, is applied to an
angle piece M¹. The lever N" N" which actuates the cock is controlled by a
pull attached to the pedal P; when pressure is exerted on this pedal a free
way is opened to the water which places the wheel of the motor in motion; if the
pressure on the pedal P is removed the counterweight Q causes the position of
the bar to change, the cock turns and the water no longer passes to the motor so
that the machine will stop automatically. This arrangement is very useful when
the motor controls the direction of the sewing machine, that is to say when the
axis of the motor is the prolongation of the axis of rotation of the machine, and
it is desired to actuate the sewing machine sometimes with the motor and some-
times by foot. At the times when it is desired that the motor should cease to
actuate the machine, the pressure on the pedal is removed, the fork F (Fig. 3) is
moved away from the wheel of the sewing machine, and such sewing machine is
actuated by means of the same pedal P". It sometimes occurs that the cocks for
water for domestic purposes are situated in special positions in which machine
tools which it is desired to actuate by means of the motor cannot be placed. It is
then necessary to place the motor near to the taps and to employ a transmission
by pulley for imparting movement to the tools, but with the object of being able
in such cases to arrest or to diminish the speed of the tool, without being obliged
to go to another point to close the water cock, I have devised a special means based
on the smaller or greater tension of the means of transmission.

page_text: Figs. 22 and 23 are two vertical sections of the apparatus designed to fulfil this
object. Beneath the table I on which the machine is supported, the nut R" is
applied through which passes the screw S11 actuated by the handle T. This
screw extends through the table I and terminates in a head U" which is in contact
with the bed V1 of the machine tool. This head is loose on the end of the screw
so that it makes the lifting easy, producing no friction on the lower surface of the
the bed that it is desired to raise. If the handle is turned in the direction in
which the screw is raised, the head U" lifts the bed V of the machine tool, the
driving belt is loosened, the transmission ceases to be actuated, and the tool stops,
or at least its speed slackens according to the greater or smaller tension of the
band. To restart the movement the handle is turned in the opposite direction.
Such a system renders one of the tools independent, when several are actuated by
the same transmission.
Instead of the screw $1 and the nut R¹¹ for raising the bed of the sewing machine
or other machine tool with the object of rendering such machine independent of the
motor, the mechanism shown in side elevation and in front elevation in Figs. 26 and
27 may be employed. If one bears with the foot on the pedal P1, such pedal by means
of the pull Ou will actuate the lever 22 which causes the pivots 23 to fall and con-
sequently the bed of the machine V which then places the band 24 in tension so
that the machine is operated. If the pressure on the pedal Pl is reduced, or if it
is entirely removed, then the spiral springs 25, 25, cause the bed of the machine
to again rise and the band 24 at the will of the operator loses its tension little by
little, thus reducing the friction, and it imparts to the tool a continually diminish-
ing speed, until, when it is desired, it can be stopped. With this same system
one can also, by increasing the pressure, increase the speed of the tool. The
two springs 25, 25 are connected together by means of the rod 26. The parts
might also be disposed so as to open or close the cock for delivering the water from
a place at a distance from such cock, for example, from the place where the tool
is situated if the latter for any reason is not close to the cock. This arrangement
is shown in Figs. 41 and 42 in front elevation and plan. On the centre of the
At the other
plug of the cock is fixed one. extremity of the metallic plate 32
extremity of this plate in two holes are fixed two pins 28 and 29. To pin 28 is
attached a cord 30 passing over several pulleys 31, 31, suitably situated; this
cord terminates at the place where the tool is situated; if the cord is pulled by
its extremity, the plate 32 acts as a lever and causes the cock to open; the end of
the cord may be provided with a ring 33- which may be employed to hold the cord
in tension to a nail and hold the cock open during the whole time the tool is
required to work. When it is desired to stop it, the ring is detached and the cord
remains free; then the counterweight 34 which is attached to the other end of
another cord 35 passing over the pulley 36 and attached to the other pin 29 passing
through the hole in the plate, causes the plate 32 to turn in the opposite direction,
and the cock closes; the motor and consequently the tool then remain at rest.
Instead of two holes for inserting the pins in the plate a larger number may be
formed, so as to change the position of the pins and cause the plate to make a
large movement, in case of the wearing of the packing, which would necessitate
a greater turning of the cock to close same. To the two pins two horizontal
rods 37, 37 may be applied and serve to bear against the wall when the cock has
turned sufficiently to open or close same, thus preventing it from opening further
or from pressing on the packing when it is closed. The pulleys which in the
arrangement above describes support the vertical parts of the cord, should be
pivotted to their supports, but in perfect alignment with each other. In such
case these said pulleys will be able to turn at will, which renders it possible to
shift the tool to any place, always leaving the motor in its position, for the reason
that the vertical cord, when the pulleys turn on their pivots, is only submitted to
a simple torsion which in no way prevents the action of the transmission of power.
In order to ensure that the cords which serve either for opening the cock from

page_text: a point removed from the motor, or for transmitting the power of the motor to
the tool, shall not be in the way in their passage through the room where they are
situated, upon the table supporting the tools employed (sewing machine, knitting
machine, etc.) I fix an upright shown in front elevation and plan in Figs. 43 and
44. This upright at its upper end is provided with a metallic arc 38 to which are
secured two pulleys, one of which 45, serves for supporting the cord which effects
the opening and closing of the cock from a distance (Figs. 41 and 42) and the
other double one 46, serves for the passage of the two driving cords from the
motor to the same pulley 46 and from the pulley to the tool. The height of
the upright secured to the table is calculated so that persons may pass under the
cords in tension without touching them.
The instantaneous stopping of the tool which is actuated by the driving cord
might also be effected by means of a brake which is independent of the motor, and
which is shown in side elevation and plan in Figs. 45 and 46. This brake consists
of a hollow column 49 fixed to the bed of the tool; within same is a vertical rod 50
which may be fixed at the height desired by means of a pressure screw 51, but
sufficiently loose that it may turn within the column with a slight friction. To
this rod is fixed an iron wire 52 of a certain thickness, one part of which is hori-
zontal, and one part bent so that it may bear on the bed of the tool. In the hori-
zontal portion of this iron wire is inserted a small india rubber cylinder 53, which
must be placed in such a position that by imparting a very slight turn to the
extremity 54 of the iron wire it will exert a pressure upon the driving wheel 55
of the tool; so that with the same hand which regulates, for example, the travel
of the fabric beneath the needle in a sewing machine, or other work in other
machines, one can immediately seize the said extremity 54 of the iron wire and
exert pressure upon the circumference of the wheel in such a way as to instan-
taneously stop the tool or even diminish its speed. For greater convenience one
may add another arm of iron wire above, for example at 55, and which serves to
put the brake in operation from a point above the bed of the tool.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A small motor having for its object to utilize the pressure of waters even in
small quantities, without affecting the purity, at the same time as they are em-
ployed for domestic purposes, consisting in a wheel with very light blades or
paddles bent to an angle, upon which is delivered a jet of water under pressure
issuing from a tube having a very small delivery orifice, such jet having a direc-
tion perfectly normal to the blade at the moment when each of them receives the
jet directly; the axis of the wheel resting upon bearings arranged so that the
lubricating oil falls into two separating reservoirs, serving to prevent the water
employed for the motor from becoming soiled by the oil; this wheel with its axis
being placed within a casing or box in which collects the water which has been
employed to actuate the motor, from which casing such water, still pure and clean,
is conveyed by means of a pipe from whence it may be drawn off for domestic or
other uses; the cock for the supply of the water which is to act upon the blades
being arranged in such a way that the motor may be set in motion or arrested
instantaneously, even from a distance by means of suitable transmission; and
further such cock being capable of arrangement so that the water may with ease,
be at will drawn off directly from the supply without causing it to pass through
the motor; the axis of the paddle wheel being provided with a fork serving to
couple the wheel of any apparatus it is desired to actuate by power free of cost (the
water being already paid for for domestic purposes), the axis of rotation of this
-apparatus forming a prolongation of the axis of the motor wheel, the movement
being capable of being imparted to the apparatus either continuously or only when
the water is drawn off for domestic uses, all substantially as specified.
.
2. A small motor as described in Claim 1, the axis of the paddle wheel of

page_text: which is provided with a pulley serving to transmit the motion by means of a cord
to any apparatus, such cord being capable of arrangement in such a way as to
enable the movement of the tool to be arrested from any point, all substantially
as described and as shown in the accompanying drawings.
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.