An Improved Method of Making Glass-lined Metal Articles.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Mar., 1887.
Complete Left, 1st June, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 1st July, 1887,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of Making Glass-lined Metal Articles.
We, THOMAS ERNEST HALFORD of 16 Addison Road, Bedford Park, Chiswick in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer and ROBERT MORANT of 45 Regent's Square
London in the County of Middlesex Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Whereas the present method of forming glass-lined inctal articles, is by making
the glass lining & the metal article separately & complete in themselves, & then
placing the glass lining inside or adjacent to the metal leaving a space between the
two, which is afterwards filled with cement; our Improvements are the interposing
of porous non-conducting materials between the glass & the metal, during the
process of casting the metal round or partly round the glass. In some cases the
glass may be first covered to some extent with metal, but the non-conducting materials
must in all cases be used to prevent the glass from cracking when the cast metal is
poured around it. Among the uses to which our invention may be put, are the
making of fittings for glass-lined tubes, chemical apparatus, dairy utensils & the like,
where cleanliness or purity of the manufactured substance is required or where
chemicals are used which would corrode the metal unless protected by the glass
lining.
17:2
L
CML 1005

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of Making Glass-lined Metal Articles.
We, THOMAS ERNEST HALFORD of 16 Addison Road, Bedford Park in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and ROBERT MORANT of 45 Regents Square London in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object the production of metal articles lined with glass,
of such shapes and at such cost, as has been hitherto unattainable by the methods in
use, previous to this invention.
According to this invention the metal is cast round the glass lining, a thin layer of
non-conducting substance being interposed between the said glass lining and the
metal during the operation of casting. By this means the article is produced with
the minimum amount of metal.
The glass lining is wrapped with slag wool, asbestos cord or yarn, or coated with
a mixture of clay wash & diatomaceous earth or any other suitable porous non-
conducting substance, to the desired thickness & thoroughly dried. The glass lining
thus prepared is then placed in the mould (which is either the ordinary sand mould
or one of the special ones to be hereafter described) forming the core and the metal
cast round it.
When cool the article is taken from the mould and after being dressed in the usual
way to remove the runners and fin is ready for use.
If desired, as is sometimes the case when the article is to be subjected to internal
pressure; for tube fittings pump barrels and the like, the non-conducting material
may be removed after casting and the space between the glass and the metal filled in
with any suitable cement as at present.
In making tube fittings such as elbows, tees crosses and the like, in order to avoid
the risk of breaking the glass while screwing the ends of the metal, we prefer to
partly cover the glass before casting with pieces of tube which are already screwed
and to cast sufficient metal round the glass and the said pieces of tube to hold the
whole firmly together, the non-conducting material being used between the glass and
the metal as before to prevent the heat from the molten metal cracking the glass while
being cast. These fittings are cast in special moulds for the purpose.
In the accompanying drawing Fig. 1 shews a section of a tee piece suitable for
glass lined tubing made according to our invention.
Fig. 2, half a mould for casting same Fig. 3 half a mould for the same purpose but
made with loose collars Fig. 4 end view of same mould complete Fig. 5 view of an
S-trap partly in section.
In Fig. 1 A represents the glass lining B plastic cement. CDE short pieces of
tube screwed at their outer and roughly fitted together at their inner extremities, the
space between the glass and said pieces of metal tube being filled with a non-conducting
substance and placed in the mould shewn at fig. 2 the screwed ends of the pieces of

page_text: tube C D E lying in screwed portions of the mould which are bored accurately at
right angles to the branch the mould is held together by suitable clamps and the
brass iron or other suitable metal F cast round the short pieces of tube holding them
firmly together. In Figs. 3 and 4 the mould is accurately bored to the diameter of
the portion of metal F and truly at right angles and fitted with loose collars H. H. H.
screwed on the inside and turned to fit the mould G on the outside. These moulds
may be made of iron or other suitable metal.
In Fig. 5 I is the glass lining of the S-trap cement K metal Lunion nut
M brass collar screwed on end of short piece of inbe N washer for jointing. The
trap is cast with the nuts M M round it to avoid screwing the ends of the metal after
casting, said union affording means of readily examining and cleaning trap.
The other fittings such as crosses elbows, bends springs &c. are made similarly to
the tee piece above described and in similarly constructed moulds.
In the above process care must be taken to have the non conducting substance
thoroughly dry while casting or the steam given off during the operation will break
the glass.
Having now particularly described the nature of our said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is :-
:-
1st. The interposing of a porous non-conducting substance between the metal and
the glass while casting the said metal as and for the purpose specified.
2nd. The improved moulds substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3rd. The production of glass-lined metal articles and tube fittings by the process
hereinbefore described.