AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR 'DIPPING' CANDLES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Mallory, of the Firm of Mallory Brothers,
of Warwick, in the County of Warwick, Candle Manufacturers, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR 'DIPPING' CANDLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Mallory at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th December 1870.
I, SAMUEL MALLORY, of the Firm of Mallory Brothers, of Warwick,
in the County of Warwick, Candle Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR 'DIPPING'
CANDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention which relates to improved apparatus for dipping
candles consists chiefly of a flat rod of suitable length constructed of
wood or other suitable material, in which rod on the upper part or
surface thereof is formed a shallow groove extending centrally from end
to end of the rod. At one corner (say, the right-hand top corner) a
hole is pierced, through which a string, catgut, or other pliable material

page_text: is passed and secured thereto; and across this corner at the back of the
rod a niche or groove is cut in a suitable manner for the string or other
material to lie in. At another corner (say, the left-hand bottom corner)
another hole is pierced, a niche also being similarly cut at the back of
the rod at this end. When it is required to " dip" the candles the
cottons or wicks are laid across the rod or stick with the ends hanging
downwards.
It has hitherto been the practice of twisting the two cottons together
and making one, but according to this Invention the cottons or wicks
after being cut in the usual way are placed over the flat rod or stick, 1
with each end of each cotton hanging downwards. After being laid as
above described the cottons or wicks are held and secured, as hercin-after
described, by the string, catgut, or other pliable material of suitable
nature, which is held in the first-mentioned hole. This string or other
material is then made to lie in the first niche at the back of the rod, and 1
is brought over to the front and along the longitudinal groove in the
front of the rod to the end of the same, and then made to lie in the
niche at the other end of the rod, being firmly held thereby. The
cotton or wicks are then ready for dipping in the tallow or other com-
position. At about the centre of the rod is placed a short piece of wire
extending nearly across the groove, serving principally to keep the string
in its place. When one end of the rod is worn out by having the string
continuously coiled round it (to secure and hold the cottons or wicks),
the string may be fastened at the second mentioned hole and coiled
round or held at the other or first mentioned end, the ends being thus :
reversed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Mallory in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 6th April 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Samuel 8
MALLORY, of the Firm of Mallory Brothers, of Warwick, in the County
of Warwick, Candle Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty. 3

page_text: fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Samuel Mallory, Her special licence that
I, the said Samuel Mallory, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Samuel Mallory, my executors, adminis-
5 trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
0 FOR 'DIPPING' CANDLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Samuel Mallory, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
5 cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Mallory, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
> be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement in writing, and on reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, that is to say:—
This Invention which relates to improved apparatus for dipping
candles consists chieffy of a flat rod of suitable length constructed of
5 wood or other suitable material, in which rod on the upper part or
surface thereof is formed a shallow groove extending centrally from end³
to end of the rod. At one corner (say, the right hand top corner) of
this rod a hole is pierced, through which a string, catgut, or other
pliable material is passed and secured thereto, and across this corner at
O the back of the rod a niche or groove is eut in a suitable manner for
the string or other material to lie in. At another corner (say, the left
hand bottom corner) another hole is pierced, a niche also being similarly
cut at the back of the rod at this end. When it is required to “ dip'
the candles the cottons or wicks are laid or pulled across the rod or
5 stick with the ends hanging downwards.
It has hitherto been the practise of twisting these two ends together
and making one, but according to this Invention after being cut in the
usual way and placed on the flat rod or stick with each end of each

page_text: wick hanging separately, the cottons or wicks are held and secured, as
herein-after described, by the string, catgut, or other pliable material
of suitable nature which is held in the first mentioned hole. This string
or other material is then made to lie in the first niche at the back of
the rod, and is brought over to the front and along the longitudinal
groove in the front of the rod to the ond of the same, and then made to
lie in the niche at the other end of the rod, being firmly held thereby..
The cottons or wicks are then ready for dipping in the tallow or other
composition. At about the centre of the length of the rod is placed a
short piece of wire extending nearly across the groove, and serving 1
principally to keep the string in its place. When one end of the rod is
worn away by having the string continuously coiled round it (to secure
and hold the cottons or wicks), the string may be fastened at the other
or second mentioned hole, and coiled round or held at the other or first
mentioned end, the ends of the rod being thus reversed.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention for "An
Improved Apparatus for 'Dipping' Candles," I will now proceed to
describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to be or may be
performed or carried into practical effect; and in order that the same
may be distinctly understood I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of 2
Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with figures
and letters of reference corresponding with those in the following;
explanation thereof, that is to say :-
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Figure 1 represents an
isometrical projection of the flat rod or stick, and Figure 2 a similar?
illustration of part of the rod on a larger scale, showing more clearly the
ends of the same; Figure 3 illustrates an isometrical projection of one of
the blocks in which the ends of the dipping rods are placed or held when
the wicks are about to be dipped in the tallow or other composition, and.
showing the end of one rod so placed or held. Figure 1 is drawn to the
scale of 4 inches, equal to one foot, and Figures 2, 3, and 4 are drawn.
full size.
a represents the flat rod along which the shallow groove 6 extends
from end to end of the same (see Figure 1). At (either) two opposite
corners holes c, d, are pierced, and across these corners at the back of
the rod and up the sides and ends extend two similar niches or
grooves e, f; one of these is shown in a back view of the rod in.
Figure 4.

page_text: The mode of procedure when it is desired to "dip" the cottons or
wicks so as to make the candles is as follows:-The cottons or wicks o
are first simply laid or pulled across the rod or stick a (the proper
distance apart) with the ends hanging downwards; and instead of these
ends being twisted together, as has hitherto been the practice, they are
allowed to hang separately (each length of the cotton or other wick
being first cut in the usual way); by this means two candles are formed
or manufactured at once to each length of wick. After being thus laid
a string or other pliable material which is firmly kept in either of the
holes c or d, and niches e, e, or f, f, ready for use, (say, the holo c and
niche e, for example) and secured there by a knot, is brought along the
longitudinal groove b, and being passed under the wire (Figure 1)
which keeps it in position is brought to the other end of the rod and
secured in the niche f. f. The cottons or other wicks are then ready
for the usual process of "dipping" in the tallow or other composition.
It will be readily understood that the object of having the holes and
niches at either end of the rod is, that when one niche or groove (say, ſ,
for example,) is worn away by having the string continuously coiled
round it (to secure and hold the cottons or wicks), the other niche e
may be used and the string knotted or fastened to the hole d, the
ends of the rod being thus reversed. For suitably holding these rods
previous to dipping the wicks "blocks"; are provided, in each of which
there are (say) three slots or recesses k. The recesses are covered by
a metal plate 1, secured to the block by screws or other suitable
means m. The ends of the rods are placed or held in the slots & (see
Figure 3), and when there are three slots in each of the two blocks, as
there shown, and three rods are thereby held, the whole is then called a
" hand."
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention
for "An Improved Apparatus for 'Dipping' Candles," together with
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried
into practical effect, I would remark in conclusion that I claim as my
Invention,-
Firstly. The peculiar construction or combination together with the
application and use of the rods a and blocks j, for the purposes herein set
forth, substantially as herein-before described and as illustrated on the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, or any modification or adaptation
thereof.

page_text: Secondly. The improved method of placing the cottons or wicks of tho
candles with their ends hanging down separately on each side of the rod
instead of twisting them together, as heretofore practised, substantially
as herein-before described and shown.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Mallory, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Twenty-fourth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.