IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC TELEGRAPHS TO BE WORKED BY AIR, STEAM, OR GAS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert Jaynor, of Regent's Park, in the County"
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF AUTOMATIC TELEGRAPHS TO BE WORKED BY AIR, STEAM, OR GAS."
Sealed the 6th June 1873, and dated the 9th December 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albert Jaynor at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th December 1872.
I, ALBERT JAYNOR, of Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC TELEGRAPHS TO BE WORKED BY AIR, STEAM,
OR GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed to simplify the construction and working of
automatic telegraphs worked by air, and at present employed for trans-
mitting signals or orders on board ship, and further in rendering such
said telegraphs more certain in their action and less costly than automatic
telegraphs as heretofore constructed.

page_text: I propose to accomplish the above objects by the following means:—
The telegraph is composed of three principal parts common to all
automatic telegraphs, namely, a transmitting and recording instrument,
connected together by a small pipe or tube to contain the transmitting
agent, air. The transmitting instrument which I employ consists of an
air chamber with a flexible top enclosed in a frame of brass or other
material. Connected with this frame and bearing on the aforesaid
flexible top of the air receiver or chamber is a screw-cut cam worked on
a stop nut and fitted with a spindle and index hand or lever to move the
said cam either to the right or left, which motion turns round the cam,
causing the aforesaid flexible top to move up or down as the motion is
to the right or left. The aforesaid air chamber has also on its side or
other convenient part a valve acted upon by a lever, which being con-
nected with the cam causes the said valve to be always open when the
instruments are at rest. This movement is for the purpose of compen-
sating for any rarefication, expansion, or contraction of the air, so that
onc instrument may be in the hot engine room of a ship and the other
may be on deck in the cold air without deviating at all from its accuracy
and correctness. The receiving instrument consists also of an air receiver
or chamber of about one-tenth the size of the transmitting instrument,
having also a flexible top with a pointed pillar in its centre, on which
rests the short end of a bell-crank lever, the long end of which is con-
nected by an upright piece to a shorter horizontal lever fixed in a socket,
having another lever placed at right angles to it. Affixed to this last
mentioned lever is a small winding chain leading to the barrel of the
pintle, on which the indicating hand is placed. The air passing through
the aforesaid tube from the transmitting instrument acts upon the
flexible top of the receiving instrument, which in its turn acts upon the
short arm of the lever projecting over it, and thus through the combined
action of the mechanism causes the chain which is attached to the pintle
on which the indicating hand is affixed to be drawn transversely, thereby
revolving the pintle in a given direction. The said pintle is revolved in
the opposite direction by the action of a spring, which always keeps the
winding chain taut, and consequently the hand in its proper place and
always on its proper order. A bell movement is placed alongside of tho
aforesaid mechanism, and is acted upon by a straight wire laying across
the flexible top of the receiving chamber, the movement of which dis-
engages a catch from a toothed wheel so arranged as to strike the bell

page_text: forcibly, or the regulation stroke or number of strokes corresponding to
cach respective order as may be desired and determined upon.
I would here remark that I do not intend to limit or confine myself
to the use of air only as the transmitting agent, but reserve to myself
the use of water, steam, and gas separately as the transmitting medium,
which I consider new in combination with my improved mechanism, and
a great improvement in. the mode of working automatic telegraphs.
And further, telegraphs constructed as above described are equally
well adapted for transmitting signals or orders in private and public
buildings, manufactories, warehouses, and such like places, or between
one building and another, as well as on ship board.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Albert Jaynor in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th June 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALBERT
JAYNOR, of Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Albert Jaynor, Her special licence
that I, the said Albert Jaynor, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Albert Jaynor, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC TELEGRAPHS TO BE WORKED BY AIR, STEAM, OR
GAS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Albert Jaynor,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the

page_text: Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
.diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Albert Jaynor, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say :—
This Invention is designed to simplify the construction and working
of automatic telegraphs worked by air, and at present employed for
transmitting signals or orders on board ship, and further in rendering
such said telegraphs more certain in their action and less costly than
automatic telegraphs as heretofore constructed.
I propose to accomplish the above objects by the following means:-
The telegraph is composed of three principal parts common to all
automatic telograplis, namely, a transmitting and recording instrument,
connected together by a small pipe or tube to contain the transmitting
agent, air. The transmitting instrument which I employ consists of an
air chamber with a flexible top enclosed in a frame of brass or other
material. Connected with this frame and bearing on the aforesaid flexible
top of the air receiver or chamber is a screw-cut cam worked on a stop
nut and fitted with a spindle and index hand or lever to move the said
cam either to the right or left, which motion turns round the cam,
causing the aforesaid flexible top to move up or down as the motion is to
the right or left. The aforesaid air chamber has also on its side or other
convenient part a valve acted upon by a lever, which being connected
with the cam causes the said valve to be always open when the instru
ments are at rest. This movement is for the purpose of compensating
for any rarefication, expansion, or contraction of the air, so that one
instrument may be in the hot engine room of a ship, and the other
may be on deck in the cold air without deviating at all from its accuracy
and correctness. The receiving instrument consists also of an air
receiver or chamber of about one-tenth the size of the transmitting.
instrument, having also a flexible top with a pointed pillar in its centre
on which rests the short end of a bell-crank lever, the long end of which
is connected by an upright piece to a shorter horizontal lever fixed in a
socket, having another lever placed at right angles to it. Affixed to
this last mentioned lever is a small winding chain leading to the barrel
of the pintle on which the indicating hand is placed. The air passing

page_text: through the aforesaid tube from the transmitting instrument acts upon
the flexible top of the receiving instrument, which in its turn acts upon
the short arm of the lever projecting over it, and thus through the
combined action of the mechanism causes the chain which is attached to
the pintle on which the indicating hand is affixed to be drawn trans-
versely, thereby revolving the pintle in a given direction; the said pintle is
revolved in the opposite direction by the action of a spring which always
keeps the winding chain taut, and consequently the hand in its proper
place and always on its proper order. A bell movement is placed along-
side of the aforesaid mechanism, and is acted upon by a straight wire
laying across the flexible top of the receiving chamber, the movement
of which disengages a catch from a toothed wheel so arranged as to strike
the bell forcibly, or the regulation stroke or number of strokes correspond-
ing to each respective order as may be desired and determined upon.
I would here remark that I do not intend to limit or confine myself
to the use of air only as the transmitting agent, but reserve to myself
the use of water, steam, or gas separately, as the transmitting medium
which I consider new in combination with my improved mechanism,
and a great improvement in the mode of working automatic telegraphs.
And further, telegraphs constructed as above described are equally well
adapted for transmitting signals or orders in private and public buildings,
manufactories, warehouses, and such like places, or between
building and another, as well as on ship board.
onc
And in order to explain this Invention more clearly, I now proceed to
describe the manner of constructing telegraphs according to this Inven-
tion as represented by the accompanying Drawing as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of an indicating ship's tele-
graph; Figure 2, a top plan view of the outside of a receiving instrument
to be used in conjuction with the aforesaid transmitting instrument;
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of Figure 2; and Figure 4 a top plan
view of Figure 3, the dial at Figure 2 being removed to expose to view
the mechanism beneath; Figure 5 is a detached view of one of the parts
of the instrument shewn at Figure 1.
Figure 6 represents an elevation of an alphabetical receiving instru-
ment adapted for spelling words, and Figure 7 is an elevation of a
transmitting alphabetical instrument to be used in conjunction with the

page_text: receiving instrument shewn at Figure 6. Figure 8 is a top plan view of
a portion of the dial of these instruments.
Figures 9 and 10 are detached parts hereafter described.
Similar letters of reference are employed to denote corresponding parts
of each of the aforesaid instruments.
As regards the indicating ship's telegraph represented at Figure 1, a,
α, a, a, mark the air chamber having a flexible top or diaphragm 1,
which can be moved up or down with facility, the receiving instrument
being operated by forcing and withdrawing the air through the pipe b, b.
Now it will be seen that as the pressure of the air on the diaphragm 1 is
very unequal, I place a saucer c, c, c, inside the air chamber a, just
sufficiently raised to let the air pass around and under it to equalize the
motion of the air, the air pipe connection 6 being underneath the saucer c
and centering in the saucer, as represented. The air being forced down-
ward by the flexible diaphragm 1 is displaced equally and distributed by
passing over and around the saucer c, and thus enters the pipe 6 in equal
films. The diaphragm 1 is moved up and down by the screw-cut cam A,
having a hand or handle d securely fastened thereto; when the instru-
ment is at rest the valve B is kept open by the lever e, which fits in the
cam A, and is moved up or down, as represented in the Drawing. This
prevents condensation, and the instruments cannot be affected by changes
in the temperature of the atmosphere. The box enclosing the trans-
mitting apparatus has the orders starboard, hard starboard, port, steady,
&c., cut or printed on the top or dial to indicate where to place the hand,
as represented in Figure 8. Figures 3 and 4 represent the interior of
the receiving instrument. a, a, is a small air chamber connected to the
transmitting instrument by the pipe b, b, having a flexible top also, in
the centre of which an upright pillar A is fastened. c, c, is a lever, one
end of which rests on the pillar A, the other end being connected to the
pivot B by the upright bar d, the pivot B having a rocking motion and
an upright bar e secured fast to it. To this bar e is fastened a chain f
leading to the pinion C, on which the index hand 2 is placed. The
pinion C has a circular spring g, which moves it in the opposite direction
from the chain.
It is evident that by moving the diaphragm 1 up and down motion
will be imparted to the pinion C, and therefore the index hand 2 by the
combined mechanism. This instrument should be accurately adjusted

page_text: to the transmitting instrument, and the accuracy is maintained by
having the quadrant-shaped piece D laying by a gentle spring against
the upright bar e. This quadrant has notches or corrugations on its
inner edge corresponding to each order on the dial under the index
hand, and serves to always keep the hand in the centre of the order
until the transmitting hand is moved again. Also connected with the
pivot B is a lever F. The lever F has a hammer at one end adjusted so
as to strike the bell G at any motion up or down of the pivot B. This
serves to call attention to any order being given.
As regards Figure 6, which represents the movement of the alpha-
betical receiving instrument. A, A, is the movement wheel to which
the index hand and other machinery for striking a bell is attached, as
hereafter described; B represents a flexible air receiver, which may
be made of either rubber or thin sheet metal; c is a piece having
three arms with a rocking motion; d, d, d, are the attachment pieces
to the diaphragm B; F, F, are the pillars to which the movement is
fastened; and e is a spring acting against the rocking piece c; g is a
screw stop to prevent the piece c from being forced too far one way
by the spring e. Now to impart motion to the wheel A, A, air must
be forced into the receiver B from the connecting pipe X, the air
will inflate the flexible diaphragm B, raising the lever d, which
being an angle piece connected with the rocking piece c will move it
one way, say to the left, as long as the air receiver remains inflated.
As soon as the air is withdrawn the spring e will act to move the
rocking piece c the other way, say to the right. Attached to the rocking
piece c are two straight bars or pawls H, H, pointing on to the teeth
of the wheel A, A, and held therein by small springs in their pivot
fastenings. As motion is imparted by B to the rocking piece c, one of
the bars H are pushing on a tooth while the other is being withdrawn
to the next tooth and so on, as fast as the pulsations are imparted to
and withdrawn from B. This motion may be regulated so as to move
the wheel A half a tooth at each motion, either to the right or left.
Thus, if you wish to indicate the letters of the alphabet the 26 letters
will require only 13 teeth in the movement wheel. By suitable gearing
the dial can be made so that the instrument can indicate any number
of letters, signs, or orders.
As als the alabokati

page_text: B is a large air receiver with flexible top. Now to impart motion to
the little diaphragm B in Figure 6 it will be seen at a glance that
nothing more is required than to move the flexible diaphragm in the
large receiver B in Figure 7 rapidly up and down, and to have both
the sender and receiver register alike. To accomplish this a horizontal
spindle d, shewn at Figure 10, is mounted in bearings over the receiver
B, fitted with a crank handle c; e is an eccentric wheel, shewn
detached at Figure 9; F, a pinion cogged and geared into the large
cog wheel 9, 9, 9, pivotted at 3 to the framework a, a, a, a, and having
an index hand H attached to the pivot 3. Now by taking hold of the
crank c and turning round the eccentric wheel e an up and down
motion will be imparted to the diaphragm B, at the same time the
pinion F will impart circular motion to the large cog wheel g, I, I,
and index hand H, under which is a dial, shewn at Figure 8,
corresponding to that of the receiving instrument; J represents a
valve which is always opened at zero on the dial by a raised lump k
on the large wheel g, g, g, acting on the point 4. By these means the
instruments cannot be affected by the changes in the temperature of
the atmosphere; L, represents a two-way cock; m being the escape
pipe and n the connection pipe, with the receiving instrument
represented in Figure 6. By turning the handle O the connecting
pipe n may be closed, and the air will then escape out of the waste
pipe at m. This arrangement is for regulating the two instruments
together. The action of the wheel e may be regulated by a pin 5
in the spindle & taking into one or other of the holes 6 in the wheel'e,
as at Figures 9 and 10; by these means the wheel e can thus be made
to act more or less on the diaphragm, as occasion and distance may
require.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention for "Improve-
ments in the Construction of Automatic Telegraphs to be Worked by Air,
Steam, or Gas," and the means by which it may be effected, I hereby
declare my Invention to.consist in, and I claim, as follows:-
First. The valve B, and manner of arranging the same in the
construction of automatic telegraphs for the purpose of rendering such
instruments more efficient in practice than heretofore, substantially as
above described and represented at Figure 1.
Second. The use of one pipe only for working the bell signal and
indicator of automatic telegraphs, as being cheaper and less liable

page_text: to get out of order than automatic telegraphs as heretofore constructed,
substantially as above described and represented.
Third. The corrugated quadrant piece D in the receiving. instrument,
represented at Figures 3 and 4, for regulating the index hand 2 and
keeping it on the centre of each respective order until the hand of
the transmitting instrument is moved again, substantially as above
described.
Fourth. As regards the transmitting instrument, represented at
Figure 1, I claim the inverted saucer c for regulating the flow of air
through the pipes b, b, and
Fifth. As regards the arrangements, represented at Figures 6, 7, 8, 9,
and 10, I claim the whole of the mechanical arrangements there shewn
for indicating the alphabet, with both the transmitting and receiving
instrument, substantially as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Jaynor, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.