IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BLACKENING' FOR FOUNDRY PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ebenezer Bow, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Coal Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BLACKENING' FOR FOUNDRY PURPOSES."
Sealed the 22nd June 1855, and dated the 9th January 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ebenezer Bow at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th January 1855.
I, EBENEZER BOW, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Coal Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BLACKENING FOR FOUNDRY
PURPOSES" to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the application and use of what is commonly
known as the "Boghead or Torbane Hill mineral" or coal, as blackening for
foundry purposes. In preparing this mineral for use by the founder, it is first
burned, distilled, or otherwise subjected to the action of heat in such a manner
as to carry off its chief volatile constituents, and the solid residuum or cinder
alone is retained for the preparation of the blackening. This residuum is
ground or reduced in any convenient manner, and the powder so prepared

page_text: is then applied in the usual manner as blackening, for the use of the founder
in casting iron and other metals, as is well understood by practical men.
Although the Torbane Hill and Boghead minerals" have been mentioned
herein as the material specially suited for use in this way, it is to be under-
stood that these names or terms are merely guides to indicate the general
character of the mineral coals which have been found to be available for the
purpose.
All minerals of the class or family referred to, or embodying the
general constituents of these minerals, are suited for carrying out the Inven-
tion. The blackening so prepared is of excellent quality, whilst it is inuch
cheaper than the ordinary material used for the purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ebenezer Bow in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th July 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EBENEZER
Bow, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Coal Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Ebenezer Bow, Her special license that I, the said Ebenezer Bow, my
exécutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Ebenezer
Bow, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR
PRODUCTION OF BLACKENING FOR FOUNDRY PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Ebenezer Bow, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ebenezer Bow, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, that is to say:-
"
My said Invention relates. to. the application or employment and use of
what is commonly known in Scotland as the "Boghead or Torbane Hill
mineral" or coal, in the manufacture or production of what is technically
known by the iron founder as "blackening," used for foundry purposes in
the preparation of the moulds in which castings in metal are to be made. The
argillaceous bituminous mineral, hitherto conventionally known amongst prac-
tical men by the names or terms herein-before referred to, is prepared for use
in the manufacture of "blackening" by subjecting it to the action of heat.
It is taken as dug from the earth, and is primarily burnt or distilled or other-
wise treated by a heating process in such a manner as to evolve and carry off
its chief volatile constituents, the solid residuum or cinder alone being retained
and applied in the preparation of the blackening. This residual matter or
cinder is ground or reduced to the condition of a powder in any convenient
manner, and the reduced mass so prepared is treated in the ordinary manner
as pursued with the substances hitherto used in the manufacture of blackening
of the common kind. The blackening prepared in this manner is of excellent
quality, and it is much cheaper than that usually employed. Although the
"Boghead and Torbane Hill minerals" have been herein-before mentioned as
the material especially suited for the manufacture of blackening according
to my Invention, yet as there has hitherto been much difficulty and many
differences of opinion on the subject of the nomenclature of the mineral sub-
stances referred to, I wish it to be understood that the names or terms which
I have herein-before used are merely guides to indicate the general character
of the minerals or coals which I have found to be practically available for
the
purposes of my Invention. All coals or mineral substances of the class
or family which I have indicated, or embodying the general constituents of
these minerals, and parrott coals generally, are suited for carrying out my
Invention.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself
to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe
or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of my Invention; but what I consider to

page_text: be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein before in part recited Letters Patent, is, the application and use of
what is commonly known as "Boghead or Torbane Hill mineral" or coal,
or other argillaceous bituminous minerals embodying the general constituents
of such substances in the, manufacture..or.. preparation of. "blackening" for
foundry purposes.
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein before in part recited Letters Patent, is, the application and use of
what is commonly known as "Boghead or Torbane Hill mineral" or coal,
or other argillaceous bituminous minerals embodying the general constituents
of such substances in the, manufacture..or.. preparation of. "blackening" for
foundry purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ebenezer Bow, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of July, One thousand eight hundred
EBENEZER BOW. (L.S.)