Improvements in Scale and Bristle Detaching Machines.
Year: 1893

page_text: te of Application, 14th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 20th May, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Scale and Bristle Detaching Machines.
I, JOHN TOBIN, of No. 54, E. Huron Street, Chicago, County of Cook, State
of Illinois, and United States of America, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The purpose of this invention is to provide mechanism for detaching the scales
from fish and the bristles from hogs, and other analogous uses.
In the drawings, —
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a compound machine, that is, having a double set
of the scale or bristle detaching brushes, the position only of said brushes being
shown in dotted outline, the brushes themselves, in detail, being omitted from
the view.
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of the machine, the brushes being included in the
view, section being made at the line 2-2 on Fig. 1, the hoisting strap or chain
being omitted.
Fig. 3 is an end elevation, the brushes and their driving gear train being
omitted.
Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional detail of the brushes and their immediate
bearings, shown in the position and condition of use when a fish (represented in
outline) is between them and subject to their action, section being made through
the brushes at the horizontal plane of their axes.
Fig. 5 is an end elevation of one of the rotary brushes.
Fig. 6 is a perspective of one of the combs, a number of which are assembled in
circular order to constitute the brushes.
Fig. 7 is a sectional side elevation of a gripper by which the fish or other object
to be subjected to the action of the machine is grasped and drawn through the
machine, section being made axially with respect to the suspending swivel to show
the arrangement of the latter.
Fig. 8 is a perspective of the swivel for suspending the gripper.
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section of a form of the device containing but a single
rotary brush, and mounted upon the base on which the fish is intended to rest
while being subjected to the action of the machine, being such a form as would be
adapted to domestic use.
The primary feature of this invention is a device which I call a "comb,” which
consists of a flexibly and torsionally elastic back or rib, having rigid teeth set
into it projecting from it, adapted to engage and detach the scales or bristles. The
yielding character of the comb back, and particularly its character as adapted to
yield both flexibly and torsionally, makes it suitable in an especial manner for the
purpose to which it is applied, because, thereby, each tooth may yield to a greater
or less extent, according to the shape of the object subjected to the action of the
device, and every point of the surface of the latter may thus be reached with a
yielding but persistent pressure of the scale-detaching teeth, so that the scales or
bristles will be scraped or torn off without the application of greater force than
necessary, and without the application of materially greater force at any one point.
or by any one tooth than at any other point or by any other tooth, although, of
course, the more protruding portions do, in fact, experience somewhat greater
pressure.
$6
As the most effective means of employing the primary implement, which I term
comb," for the purpose in view, I organize a number of such combs into a
rotary brush, the backs of the combs being parallel to the axis of rotation of the

page_text: brush, and the teeth, in the normal condition of the combs, projecting substantially
or approximately radially with respect to said axis; such a brush being mounted
in proper bearings and retained against the object to be cleaned, fish or hog,-
the latter being in any suitable manner held in position subject to the action of the
rotary brush, and moved longitudinally past it, that is, tangentially with respect
to the rotation of the brush and in a contrary direction with such rotation.
For use on an extended scale, and particularly when employed for detaching
bristles from hogs or scaling large fish, I provide a pair of such rotary brushes,
each of which constitutes the means of holding the animal against the other, while
they are both rotated and both sides of the animal subjected to the cleaning
operation at once; and in connection with such an organization I prefer to provide
an automatic device for holding the animal, which, in that event, is moved vertically
between the brushes as the latter revolve.
The principal drawings represent the machine organized in the manner last
above indicated, the more simple form, involving a single rotary brush, being,
however, illustrated in Fig. 9. A A A are posts and bars of the rigid frame which
supports the mechanism. The corner posts of this frame may be connected by
sheathing plates of metal or wood B B, thereby constituting a case around the
lower part or extending downward from the brushes which are mounted upon the
top of the frame, as hereinafter set forth. C is a pan or tray, supported between
the four corners of the frame for the purpose of receiving the scales or bristles as
they are detached and thrown downward by the motion of the brushes. D D are
the heads or end discs of the rotary brushes, which comprise, in addition to said
heads, the combs Z Z secured in them in the manner shown in the drawings, that
is to say, the back or rib Z' of each comb, being inserted through one of the
apertures d in the heads D, is therein secured by a linch-pin e', inserted through
the protruding end of the comb back, and lodged in the notches d' formed in the
outwardly protruding bosses which encircle the aperture d, whereby the combs are
prevented from longitudinal displacement and also from rotation bodily in the
apertures in which they are secured in the heads, so that torsion of said comb
backs will result from resistance experienced by the teeth of the combs as the
brush revolves. The comb backs Zare preferably made of cylindrical rubber
rods, so that they have both flexile and torsional elasticity. The teeth of the
combs may be made of any rigid material, but metal wire is suitable, and a desirable
form is that shown in the drawings, wherein the end of each tooth is slightly bent
and the convex side is serrated. As ordinarily used, the convex serrated side of
the teeth is the operative side which comes into contact with the object
subjected to the action of the device, but in special instances, the direction of
rotation may be reversed and the forwardly pointing end of the tooth may
become the operative point, attacking the bristles or scales more aggressively than.
the serrated convex side or heel. The heads D of the rotary brushes are made
rigid with their shafts D' respectively, and one of them is mounted in
bearings D2 D2, which are fixed with respect to the supporting frame, being
mounted upon the upper plate A', which has the oblong aperture a', through
which the two brushes project and in which they operate. The other of the
two rotary brushes has its shaft mounted in bearings which are movable
horizontally toward and from the other brush. At the forward side, D³ repre-
sents such adjustable bearing. At the rear side, a corresponding bearing D
is formed in a yoke D, which contains other bearings hereinafter described.
Said journal bearings D'and D are similarly mounted upon horizontal rods D³ D',
made fast in lugs D D, which project upwardly from the top plate A, the
lower half of the journal boxes D³ and D', below the shaft bearing, being pierced
transversely to the direction of the shaft, so that said journal boxes may be
mounted on the rods D, as stated, and be adapted to slide thereon. For the
purpose of sliding these bearings and journal boxes equally, and thereby keeping
the shaft bearings in line, I provide a rock shaft E, mounted on the frame
below the level of the upper surface of the top plate, and to said shaft I secure

page_text: lever arms E' E, which extend upward, and are connected by links E³ E³ to the
journal boxes D and D* respectively. The forward lever arm E' is extended
to form a handle by which the shaft E may be rocked and thereby equal
movement given to both the links and both the journal boxes. On the rear end
5 of the shaft E, I secure the lever arms E' and E, projecting respectively inward
and outward, and upon one or the other of said lever arms
or connect the spring E the other end of which
hang the weight E,
the shaft, the tendency of which, as will be seen, is to rock the shaft in one
connected to the frame below
direction or the other, according as the weight or spring is connected to one arm
or the other, so that the movable brush may be held yieldingly either toward or
away from the other brush. The degree of pressure which will be exerted when
it is held toward the other brush and against the object which is being operated
upon between the brushes, may be regulated by varying the point of suspension of
the weight or spring to the lever arm E.
preferable to make the connection so that the movable brush shall be held away
In some instances, it will be found
from the other brush and may be forced toward it against the fish or other object
at the will of the operator, and with such varying or constant pressure as the case
may require.
But in other instances, the spring or weight may preferably be so
connected as to afford the desired pressure upon the object being operated upon,
such pressure being relaxed or discontinued at the will of the operator by forcibly
withdrawing the brush. Eyes e in the lever arm afford means for varying the
point of suspension or connection of the spring, and the tension of the spring may
be further varied by changing its point of connection on the frame, several
hooks being provided at different points for that purpose. The connection of
the links E E³ to the journal boxes E3 and D* respectively, is slightly different,
corresponding to the different form of the boxes, the connection to the forward
box D' being made by bolting onto the forward side of the box a bar d³, which
projects outward to the proper point to afford pivotal attachment for the link.
The rear box D', being formed on the bracket D, said bracket has suitable
lugs to which the rear link is pivotally connected.
the brushes, and communicating equal and opposite rotary motion to them to adapt
For the purpose of rotating
them to act in the same direction upon opposite sides of the body subjected to their
action, I provide the train of gearing which I will now describe :-
At the rear end of the brushes, on the top plate A', are mounted journal
bearings for the shaft F, located in the horizontal plane of the shafts of the
brushes and at right angles to said shafts. The yoke or bracelet D has two
bearings D D for the shaft F, between which, on the shaft, there is located the
bevelled gear G, which meshes with and drives the bevelled gear D", which is
made fast at the rear end of the shaft D' of the movable brush. A bearing for
the shaft F, at the opposite end, is obtainable in a journal box F', mounted at the
edge of the top plate A'. Another bevelled gear G is made fast on the shaft F
at suitable position to engage with and drive the bevelled gear D of the fixed
rush. The two gears are equal, and the two gears D are equal, and the
bevelled gears G, being faced opposite directions and engaging the gears Dio,
herefore, on the opposite sides, give to the brushes rotary motion in opposite
irections, that is to say, their tangential movement at their proximate sides is
Power is applied to rotate the shaft F by means of a suitable
ulley F, secured to the shaft at any convenient point, as outside the journal
ox F
he same.
When it is desired to reverse either brush to cause the teeth to act by their
oints instead of by their serrated heels, the bevel gear on the brush shaft may be
ianged to the opposite end of the shaft and the brush then reversed end for end
its bearings.
The construction thus far described may be operated without addition thereto,
it would require that the operator draw or push the object to be operated upon
ertically between the brushes while they are being rotated. This would be in
any cases inconvenient, and I prefer, therefore, to provide, as a part of the

page_text: mechanism, means for forcibly moving the fish or other object in the direction
between the brushes necessary to subject it to their action. The mechanism for
this purpose I will now describe :-
To the rear of the machine, there is suitably made fast an upright post H,
having a horizontal arm H' at its upper end, overhanging the frame or table in
which the revolving brushes are mounted, and on said arm I mount in suitable
bearings a shaft i, having fixed upon it a set of pulleys III, of graduated sizes
for the purpose of varying the speed, and also a sprocket wheel I', and over which
the chain J runs in a vertical plane which will pass between the two brushes
(though this precise position is not essential), the other end of the chain being
deflected through an opening in the top of the table, at the edge of which a guide
roller Jis suitably journaled, over which the chain J runs and froin which it hangs
freely, being provided, if necessary, with a weight J, to keep it taut. The shaft i
is driven by a band passing over one of the pulleys I, and one of the corre
sponding sets of pulleys K K K which is fixed on the horizontal shaft k, journaled
in the bearings K K on the top plate A' of the frame. To the rear end of the
shaft k, I make fast a bevel gear K³, and loose on the shaft F, and in bearings L'LA,
sécured to the top plate A', I journal the two equal bevel gears L L, facing each
other and meshing with the opposite sides of the bevel gear K. The hubs of the
bevel gears LL, at the ends facing each other, are provided with the clutch teeth 11,
and between said bevel gears, on the shaft F, there is feathered, so as to revolve with
but slide on said shaft, the double clutch L, having clutch teeth adapted to engage
the clutch teeth on the hubs of the gears L L respectively. The distance between
the toothed hubs of the bevel gears, relatively to the length of the clutch L2, is
such that the clutch may stand out of engagement with both of the bevelled
gears. This clutch is of simple construction in respect to the devices for sliding it
on the shaft to which it is feathered. It has an annular groove 12, and is provided
with a fork L³ which strides the collar overhanging the groove, and is pivoted at
the lower end to upstanding lugs on the top plate A', and is provided with
inwardly projecting studs from the branches of the fork, respectively, taking into
the groove, so that said fork, being rocked over its pivoted ends, shifts the collar
by the engagement of said studs in the groove. For the purpose of tilting the
fork and shifting the collar, I provide the horizontal rod L, pivotally connected
to the upper end of the fork L³, and extending toward the opposite end of the
frame, where it is connected to the lever L, fulcrumed on the frame and adapted
to be rocked in a vertical plane longitudinally with respect to the frame, and
thereby to rock the fork L'. A post A is secured to the top plate A', to afford a
fulcrum for the lever arm L, and a slotted cross arm A" at the top of said post,
in whose slot a", the lever arm L' plays, and which serves as a gauge by which it
may be set at intermediate position, being the position at which the lever L is
vertical. To the end of the chain J, which hangs over the interval between the
revolving brushes, there is secured the gripper M. For this purpose a clip N is
fastened to the end of the band, and has, at the lower end, an eye N', and the upper
end of one member of the gripper is provided with a swivel M', having the eye m¹
adapted to interlock with the eye N of the clip. The gripper is a device of the
nature of a pair of tongs or pincers, whose jaws are provided with teeth adapting
them to engage securely the object to be operated upon, a spring M being inter-
posed between the two members, tending to force them apart, and a latch M³ being
provided, pivoted to one member, and adapted to engage the other at any one of
the several notches m³, to hold the two jaws together or in engagement with the
object which may be gripped between them. The swivel M extends vertically
through an enlargement N at the upper end of one of the members of the tongues.
Said enlargement has, at its lower end, a projection or bead m, extending radially
with respect to the aperture through which the swivel extends vertically, and the
lower end of the swivel has a head N10, having upon its upper face two radial
recesses m¹º and m" at ninety degrees apart. When the bead m' at the lower end
of the enlargement N' of the gripper handle is lodged in the recess m² of the swivel
:

page_text: head, the pintle of the gripper jaws is parallel with the shafts of the brushes, and
the object, as, for example, the fish shown in the drawings, is held so as to present
its two broad sides to the action of the brushes. If the gripper be turned on the
swivel so as to lodge the bead m' in the recess m" of the swivel head, the object
held in the jaws of the gripper will be turned ninety degrees from its former
position, and will present, therefore, to the two brushes, the two edges or sides
which were not presented in the first position.
It is designed in operating this machine that the fish or other object shall be
grasped in the grippers while the latter are at the position shown in Fig. 1,
and after the grippers have been drawn up far enough to take them substan-
tially out of the range of action of the grippers (if allowed to act against
them) the lever E shall be operated by hand to slide the left hand brush over,
forcing the right hand brush into position to cause the fish or other object to be
grasped between the two brushes, the clutch being shifted into engagement with
the left hand gear wheel L, for the purpose of giving the grippers and thereby
the fish or other object the upward movement between the brushes, which are,
at the same time, being revolved downward at their opposite sides,-that is,
contrary to the upward movement of the fish, which is exposed between them to
the action of both. And that, after the entire length of the fish has been passed
upward between the brushes, the gripper will be turned a quarter way round,
and the bead m' lodged in the recess m" of the swivel head, and then the
position of the clutch, being shifted to bring it into engagement with the right
hand bevelled gear L, the direction of rotation of the shaft & and the sprocket
wheel being reversed, the gripper and fish therein will be passed. downward
between the brushes, which, since they revolve downward at their proximate and
operative sides, will assist the downward movement of the fish, which, being
restrained by the relatively slow movement of the strap or band which is controlled
by its engagement with the sprocket wheel, will, notwithstanding its downward
movement, he subjected to very effective scratching or scraping action of the brush
teeth during its entire descent. The broader sides of the object, whether a fish or
other body, are preferably exposed to the brushes during the upward movement,
leaving but little surface to be exposed during the downward movement because
of the difference in the effectiveness of the brushes in the two movements (the
actual relative movement between the fish and the brush while the former is
moving upward, being the sum of the vertical movement of the fish and the
tangential movement of the brush, whereas, in the downward movement, the actual
relative movement is the difference between said vertical and tangential move-
ments. This difference is, however, to a large extent, and, in many cases, wholly,
compensated by the fact that the teeth are deflected farther by the downward
movement, during which the greater of the two transverse dimensions of the object.
extends between the brushes, so that the torsional and flexile reaction of the
elastic backs of the combs is developed to a greater extent, and causes the teeth to
operate with more severe pressure upon the object. The shifting of the clutch and
the reversing of the feeding movement, may be effected wholly by hand, but I
prefer that the disengagement at the end of each movement be effected automati-
cally but by means of devices which may be adjusted according to the length of
the object, so that it may not occur too soon and leave the process incomplete, nor
e deferred too late, and needlessly delay the reverse movement and prolong the
process. For the purpose of such automatic shifting, I provide the levers Pland P2,
which are fulcrumed on the upright post H, and have a slight range of vertical
novement in loops P10 and P20, which are secured to the post. These levers, at
heir outer ends, are provided with the eyes p' and
hich the left hand or vertical ply of the chaind p², respectively, through one of
ight-hand ply passes through the other.
passes, while the oblique or
orward of the check loops, P1 and P, there are pivotally connected the
To these levers, at a short distance
ods R' and R*, respectively, which extend down through the top plate, in
hich they are guided vertically, and to said rods there are. secured respectively,

page_text: the cam blocks R1 and R20, which, in the vertical movement of the rods R¹
and R2, pass close to the horizontal rod or link L, and the latter is pro-
vided with an abutment L" projecting horizontally between the planes of said
-blocks, and the latter are provided at their proximate ends with a bevel facing
upwardly toward the said abutinent, which, when the clutch is at one limit of its
movement, in engagement, for example, with the left hand gear wheel L', is in
the vertical path of the said bevel of the left hand cam block R, so that the
upward movement of said cam block will bring its bevel against the said
abutment on the rod L, and impel the rod endwise toward the right, shifting the
clutch out of engagement with the left hand gear wheel, and leaving the clutch
disengaged between the gears, so that the further rotation of the shaft k, and
further upward movement of the fish, is checked, and the operator can then turn
the gripper ninety degrees to the second position on the swivel, and then, by means
of the lever L, can throw the clutch over still farther to the right, and bring it
into engagement with the right hand gear L, through which the shaft will receive
rotation in the opposite direction, and will lower the fish, now turned a quarter
round from its first position between the brushes which are still revolving in the
same direction as before, until the knot J encounters the eve at the arm of the
lever P2 and pulls up the rod R², whose cam block R20, by its bevelled left hand
-end, operates upon the abutment L40 on the rod L, and impels the latter end wise
toward the left, bringing the clutch into intermediate position between the gears
and arresting the feeding movement, thereby permitting the operator to detach
the fish and re-attach the next object to be operated upon, and then, by the lever I',
to re-engage the clutch with the left hand gear and repeat the operation.
It is desirable that the pulley I should stand no higher than necessary to allow
proper range of movement below it, but that it should be capable of adjustment to
any height necessary to accommodate objects of different size which may be
subjected to the action of the machine, and I therefore make the post H in two
sections, the upper of which telescopes in the lower, which is fixed in the
frame of the machine, a suitable set bolt n being provided to secure it when
adjusted. Also, the fulcrum block P of the levers P1 and P2, may be adjusted on
the post, said fulcrum block being made in two parts bolted together and thereby
clamped to the post, as illustrated. The rods R¹ and R' obtain guidance at their
lower ends in apertures in which they pass through the top plate A', and said rods
are each made in two sections, the upper of which telescopes into the lower and is
adapted to be secured as adjusted by the set nut r. The cam blocks R20 are also
adjustably clamped onto the rods R³ and R', respectively, so that the position of
the various parts may be relatively adjusted to accommodate their action to the
size of the object operated upon or the length to which it is necessary to move it
vertically in order to operate upon it.
Qis a brake device, which operates upon the shaft k, consisting of the two-part
friction box secured to the top-plate A', and adapted to have its two parts more or
less tightly clasped together upon the shaft to check its speed, as may sometimes
be necessary in order to retain the object longer in the presence and subject to the
action of the brushes in order to properly clean it and to control the chain when
the clutch is disengaged. Any familiar form of brake, applied to the shaft k, will
-serve the purpose.
The sliding journal boxes of the left hand brush, in addition to their bearing and
guidance on the horizontal rods, preferably rest upon the flat upper surface of the
top-plate A', so that the rods do not take all the weight. Some such support is
essential in the case of the bracket D, which would otherwise, by reason of the
weight overhanging rearward from the rod, tend to distort or cramp the shaft of
the brush in its bearings.
It is obvious that for the fixed brush there might be substituted a simple backing
-or support, against or upon which the fish or other object might rest while being
moved past the operating brush, the process being repeated to clean each side
separately, and that, in addition to the active function of cleaning or scraping, each

page_text: brush sustains to the other brush the relation which constitutes it a backing orð
For domestic use,
support for the object to be operated upon by the other brush.
construct a simple machine having a single rotary brush mounted over against,
or in opposition to, the base or back on or against which the fish or other object
may rest while the brush operates upon it. The most convenient form of such
machine is one in which the base is horizontal and the brush mounted above it and
adapted to be used by drawing the fish or other object through end wise from one
side to the other. Such a machine is represented in Fig. 9. B is the case, which
is designed to prevent the scattering of the scales, and is adapted to be lifted off
to clean the brushes. I provide also at the side towards which the scales will be:
thrown in the ordinary action, a swinging door H", on the inner side of which I
fix a pocket H, which is at such distance from the brush as to receive the
greater portion of the scales as they are detached and thrown by the rotary motion
of the brush toward that end. This trap door is hung on the pintle rod b, and
being removed by unhooking it after each fish has passed through and before
inserting the next one for scaling, the greater portion of the scales will be lifted
away with it and may be emptied from the pocket, so that the machine may be
kept comparatively clean and free from clogging while being continuously operated
for a long time. In this form of machine, W is the base or support upon which
the bearings of the rotary brush are mounted, and on which the fish rests when
subject to the action of the brush. The journal bearings D2 of the brush are
preferably made adjustable toward and from the support W. This may be effected
in a very simple manner, as illustrated, by securing each end of the journal box
between the two nuts d and d, respectively, above and below the box on the
vertical stud bolts d upon the upper end of the brackets do, on which the journal
boxes are by this means mounted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what.
I claim is :-
1. In a bristle or scale detaching machine, the scraping combs comprising a.
flexibly and torsionally elastic back or rib, and rigid teeth projecting therefrom,.
substantially as set forth.
2. In a bristle or scale detaching machine, a rotary brush consisting of a series.
of scraping combs arranged in cylindrical order about the axis of the brush, and
comprising each a flexibly and torsionally elastic back or rib and rigid teeth
projecting therefrom: substantially as set forth.
:
3. In a scale or bristle detaching machine, a rotary brush consisting of scraping
combs arranged in cylindrical order about the axis of the brush, and consisting
each of a rubber rod or bar and wire teeth embedded therein, and projecting
therefrom approximately radially with respect to the brush: substantially as set.
forth.
4. In a scale or bristle detaching machine, a rotary brush comprising combs.
arranged in cylindrical order about the axis of the brush, and consisting each of a
flexible back and rigid teeth projecting from the back, such teeth being bent at the
ends and serrated on the outer side of the bend substantially as set forth.
5. In a scale or bristle detaching machine, in combination with a supporting
frame, two rotary brushes having their axes parallel and provided with means for
rotating them simultaneously in their bearings, each brush comprising a series of
scraping combs arranged in cylindrical order about the axis of the brush, aud
consisting each of a torsionally and flexibly elastic back, and teeth projecting from
the back approximately radially with respect to the brush: substantially as set
forth.
6. In a scale or bristle detaching machine, in combination with the frame, a
rotary brush journaled in horizontal bearings thereon and adapted to scrape the
object subjected to its action; a draft band or chain operating vertically in a plane
substantially tangential to the brush, and a gripper at the lowe: end of such draft

page_text: chain whereby the object may be impelled tangentially with respect to the brush in
contact therewith substantially as set forth.
:
7. In a scale and bristle detaching machine, in combination with a frame, a pair
of rotary brushes journaled thereon in parallel horizontal bearings, having scraping
teeth or fingers, and a draft band or chain depending vertically between the brushes,
and the gripper at the lower end of such draft chain and suitable means for
actuating the chain longitudinally upward, whereby an object held between the
grippers may be impelled tangentially with respect to the brushes between the
same and exposed to them respectively at opposite sides simultaneously:
substantially as set forth.
8. In a bristle or scale detaching machine, a rotary brush consisting of a series
of scraping combs arranged in cylindrical order about the axis of the brush,
comprising each a flexibly and torsionally elastic back or rib and rigid teeth
projecting therefrom; in combination with a suitable support or backing for the
object to be operated upon, the brush being movable bodily at will toward and
from the support or backing: substantially as set forth.
9. In a scale or bristle detaching machine, in combination with the rotary
brushes of the character set forth, one of said brushes having its bearings movable
toward and from the first; the horizontal rock shaft on the frame and suitable
connections from the same to the movable bearings; said rock shaft having two
lever arms extending in opposite directions and adapted to receive the stress of the
weight or spring connected to either of them at preference; whereby the movable
brush may normally be held from or toward the other brush at the will of the
operator substantially as set forth.
10. In a bristle or scale detaching machine, in combination with the frame, a
pair of rotary brushes journaled thereon in parallel horizontal bearings, the
bearings of one of said brushes being fixed and the bearings of the other brush
being movable toward and from the first brush; a horizontal rock shaft on the
frame and suitable connections from the same to the movable journal boxes
respectively, whereby the rocking of the shaft slides the boxes, said rock shaft
being subject to a continuous stress tending to rock it in a direction to force the
movable brush toward the fixed brush, and provided with a handle by which it may
be operated at will: substantially as set forth.
11. In combination with the frame and the brushes journaled thereon in
horizontal parallel bearings, the bearings of one brush being fixed and the other
movable toward and from the fixed brush; the bevelled gears on the shafts of the
brushes respectively; the horizontal shaft F journaled on the frame and having on
it the bevelled gears which mesh with and drive the gears on the shafts and brushes
respectively; the gear which drives the movable brush being feathered on the
shaft, and one journal bearing of the movable brush having stops which engage
said feathered gear to slide it on its shaft: substantially as set forth.
12. In combination, substantially as set forth, the two parallel rotary brushes,
the journal bearings of the one being fixed and of the other being movable; the
gears on their shafts respectively, and the counter-shaft from which they derive
motion, the bearing of the movable brush at the geared end and of the counter-
shaft at the corresponding end being obtained in one rigid yoke or frame, and the
gear on the counter-shatt which drives the movable brush being feathered on said
shaft and stopped end wise between the bearings of the shaft on said yoke or frame :
substantially as set forth.
13. In combination with the two parallel rotary brushes, the counter-shaft and
intermeshing bevelled gear by which they are driven; the shaft k at right angles
to said counter-shatt; the wheel thereon adapted to operate the feeding device; a
bevelled gear at the end of said shaft; a pair of bevelled gears loose on the
counter-shaft meshing with the gear on the shaft k, and provided on the facing ends
of their hubs, respectively, with clutch teeth; a double clutch feathered on the
shaft between said toothed hubs; and suitable shipping devices for throwing it
into engagement with either of said gears, whereby the feed shaft k is rotated in

page_text: one direction or the other, according to the engagement of said clutch, without
change in the rotation of said brushes: substantially as set forth.
14. In combination with the parallel rotary brushes, the draft chain or strap Jand
the guide over which it passes, located above the interval between the brushes; a
shaft journaled on the frame parallel to the brushes, and a sprocket wheel therein
adapted to engage the draft chain; the counter-shaft and the bevelled gears by which
it drives the brushes; the bevelled gears on the counter-shaft and the bevelled gear
on the shaft k, which meshes with them, and the clutch feathered on the counter-
shaft between them: the shifting lever or fork for shifting the clutch, and the
horizontal rods L' extending therefrom and provided with the abutment L40, the
vertically operated rods R' and R' having cams adapted to engage said abutment;
the levers P and P, which operate said rods respectively, having loops or eyes
through which the two ply of the draft chain pass respectively; and the adjustable
knots on said chain, whereby the movement of the chain to either limit determined
by the knots operates the clutch to disengage it from its driving gear: substantially
as set forth.
15. In combination with the parallel rotary brushes, the hoisting or draft chain
and the grippers swiveled to the end of the same, the swivel head and the handle
of the gripper to which it is connected having respectively grooves and projections
adapted to become engaged by the downward stress of the gripper at either of the
two positions which are ninety degrees apart about the swivel axis: substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 14th day of March 1802
JOHN TOBIN.
R. Haddan,
Herbert Haddan & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, Agent for Applicant.