Year: 1886

page_text: I, GEORGE KINNAIRD, trading under the style or firm of Kinnaird & Ferguson,
at Queen's Park Foundry, Cavendish Street, Glasgow in the County of Lanark,
Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
It consists of a Heating apparatus containing a particular arrangement of chambers
and perforated gratings whereby the products from burning Coal (or other) Gas,
Oil or Spirit, consumed therein as a heating medium are rendered inodorous and
innoxious, and may be diffused in, even, a close apartment with safety and comfort.
This special arrangement of chambers and gratings is to aid the mixing of the
Caloric arising from the burning Gas, Oil or Spirit, with a supply of heated
atmospheric Air which is generated within the apparatus so that the several heated
currents may be so blended before they are diffused in the apartment that any or all
offensive odour arising from the flame (and other sources) may be rendered
imperceptible or absolutely destroyed.
This purpose is further assisted (for use as a Gas Stove) by the particular manner
and extent to which atmospheric Air is mixed with the inflammable Gas before it is
introduced into the Burner (or Burners).
The particular group of chambers, for use with Gas, may be thus further detailed.
Chamber No. I encloses the Burner or Burners (which are more or less on the
Bunsen principle) and rises or extends beyond or above it or them and is partially
divided by a perforated plate, plates or grating, placed some little distance beyond
or above the Burners and acts as the first Agent in the mixing or Blending process
above described.
The Caloric, or heated Air, generated by and given off from the flames is partially
mixed with a current of Atmospheric Air as it passes through the said grating and
is diffused within the extended or upper part of this first chamber; it afterwards
D
077

page_text: passes into the second chamber, (or series of chambers) which surrounds and encloses
the first one.
The second chamber is provided with a perforated belt or grating at
its lower extremity-nearest to the Burners-through which perforations the cold,
fresh air from the apartment is admitted into this chamber and is warmed as it comes
in contact with the heated outer surface of the first, or inner, chamber-and is then
mixed with the Caloric as it emerges therefrom. These two heated currents unite
within the second chamber and thence pass through a series of perforations into
another (or other) chamber or chambers and from which series of chambers the heated
air emerges into the apartment or may be conveyed through flues or pipes for the
purpose of heating distant rooms, &c.
The mixing of the Carbonized products of the burning Gas with the Caloric generated
in the outer chamber (or chambers) of the apparatus, as just described, is productive of
an inodorous and innoxious Caloric in every way suited for warming rooms or
compartments and as a consequence of its harmless character an exhaust flue or
chimney is unnecessary.
The apparatus is, or may be, adapted for heating small rooms in Dwelling houses,
Large Halls, Churches, Workshops &c.
The same arrangement of chambers and perforated gratings may be used with Oil,
Spirit or other inflammable or Combustible material, with similar results to those above
described.
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,
Agent for the said George Kinnaird,
Of Queen's Park Foundry, Glasgow.

page_text: 1, GEORGE KINNAIRD trading under the style or Firm of Kinnaird and Ferguson
at Queen's Park Foundry, Cavendish Street Glasgow in the County of Lanark North
Britain Ironfounder do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
It consists of a Heating apparatus containing a particular arrangement of chambers
and perforated plates or gratings whereby the products from burning Coal (or other)
Gas, Oil or Spirit, consumed therein as a heating medium-are mixed with hot air.
within the apparatus and are thereby rendered Inodorous and Innoxious and may be
diffused in even a close apartment with safety and comfort to the occupants.
This special arrangement of chambers and gratings is to aid insure, (without the use
of chemicals or any other such agent) the mixing within the apparatus, of the Caloric
arising from the burning Gas (Oil or Spirit) with a supply of heated Atmospheric Air
which is generated heated within the apparatus so that the two several heated currents
may be so blended within the apparatus before they are diffused in the apartment that
any, or all, offensive odour arising from the flame (and other sources) may be
rendered imperceptible or absolutely destroyed.
This purpose is further assisted (when Gas is used as the heating medium) by the
particular manner and extent to which Atmospheric Air is mixed with the inflammable
(Coal or other) Gas before it is introduced into the Burner (or Burners).
The particular group (or arrangement) of chambers (when gas is used as the heating
medium) may be thus further detailed. The first chamber, (principally but not
essentially) composed of Iron or other metal, encloses or covers over the Burner (or
Burners) the latter being more or less of the "Bunsen" character; namely, so
constructed that a current of Atmospheric Air is introduced, by natural and not artificial
pressure into the Burner at the same time as the Coal (or other) Gas.
"
I say more or less of the character commonly known as the "Bunsen" Burner,
because I find, in use, that it is sometimes advantageous to check the admixture of
Atmospheric Air with the Gas in the Burner and in such cases I control the current
of air admitted into it by means of a sliding grate, resembling a "Hit & Miss
ventilator, and other appliances. I also find, that occasionally this heating apparatus
works more efficiently without any atmospheric air being mixed with the Gas in the
burner and in such cases I cut off the current of air altogether, by the means just
described and referred to, or attach a Burner of the ordinary (and not of the "Bunsen")
character.
I also make provision for obtaining an increased admixture of air with the Gas in
the Burner, when required by a kind of Bellows (or store of air contained in an air
compressing Vessel, Bladder or elastic Bag) and discharge the same, by pressure, into
the Burner after the manner of a Braziers soldering Lamp. The air in this latter case
being admitted through a tap (or cock) in the same manner as the Gas.
The first chamber, already named, may be altogether vertical above the Burner or
only partially so, and thereafter oblique or horizontal, according to the varying
necessities in connection with the space to be heated by the apparatus.
It is, preferably, divided by a grating (or perforated plates) placed some distance
above or beyond the Burner in order that the said perforated plate (or plates) may
ach all or any of them, operate as an agent in the mixing within the apparatus

page_text: :
of the caloric arising from the consumed Gas with another current of air, heated by
the casing of the apparatus. This first chamber is completely open at the bottom but,
above or beyond the junction of the perforated grating, just described, it is composed
of a partially perforated tube which is formed of perforated metal walls and this
latter portion is again interrupted by a second grating or perforated plate which acts
as a grated cap or eover to the covering above or beyond the tube: the extreme upper
part of this tube is not perforated. When this tubular part of the first chamber is
vertical it is not intended that the perforations in its casing shall afford egress to the
caloric arising from the Burner but are designed to afford ingress to hot air contained,
and generated heated, in the second chamber which surrounds and encloses the whole
(or upper part) of the first one.
The second chamber, as just intimated is formed by a casing, external to that of the
first one, and like the former one, this outer casing is more or less perforated also.
There is a space between these two casings sufficient for the accumulation of a volume of
atmospheric air equal to the volume of caloric contained in the inner chamber, and as
the atmospheric air (which is admitted through the perforations in the outer casing)
comes in contact with the hot casing of the inner chamber it is heated, prior to being
drawn in, through the perforations before named, to the inner chamber where it
combines combined within the apparatus with the caloric arising from the Burner and
passes thence through the grated cap or covering into the third chamber and is thence
from whence it is emitted into the apartment, or may be thereafter passed, if required,
through a further series of perforated plates or gratings before it is thus discharged.
The perforations are partly within the plates and partly consist of appertures between
adjacent plates.
I do not find it necessary to interpose more gratings (or plates which operate as
gratings) than those supplied by the three chambers constructed as described but if the
apparatus was large and designed to heat a large apartment I consider that a fourth
chamber would be an advantage and in no sense a detriment.
By this simple method of mixing the carbonised products of the Burning (or Burnt)
Gas with heated Air within an apparatus of this nature I find that the carbonic products
are neutralised and rendered imperceptible, and a pure, beneficial and agreable warm
atmosphere is produced.
If the tubular chambers require to be placed horizontally or obliquely for the purpose
of carrying the heat in pipes to distant parts, I do not in any case perforate the whole
circumference of the tubes but only (as required) the under sides of them; the
subsequent intervening grates or perforated plates which act as gratings being used as
in the case of the vertical tubes.
Although the foregoing description has been confined to an apparatus for use with
Gas, the same apparatus may be used and the saine beneficial results obtained from it
if an oil or spirit Lamp (or other similar heater) be used instead of Gas.
The accompanying series of illustrations will make my invention better understood
and more readily carried into effect.
Fig. 1 is a sectional perspective view, shewing the interior of the apparatus with
perforated Cover, also a Gas ring burner.
Fig. 2 is a similar perspective and sectional view, shewing a slightly different
arrangement of chambers and gratings in the upper part thereof to that shewn in
Fig. 1: and shewing also an Air bag attached to the Gas pipe, and a water dish on the
cover of the apparatus.
Fig. 3 is an external elevation of one form of the apparatus.
Fig. 4 is a sectional perspective view shewing a weighted air Bellows attached to the
Gas service pipe a pan for holding water on top of apparatus and an open end to the
lower part of the second chamber.
Fig. 5 shews the apparatus with chambers partly vertical, partly horizontal and partly
inclined upwards, it also shews the sliding "Hit & Miss" valve for regulating the
influx of Air to the Burner.
Fig. 6 shews an interior perspective view of a combined vertical and horizontal
apparatus containing a lamp as a heating medium or heat generator.

page_text: In these illustrations the first chamber is indicated by the letters A. A. and the
perforated plate which divides it into two parts is indicated by the letter B. The
second chamber is indicated by the letters C. C. the third chamber by D, the fourth by
E and the fifth by F. The sliding "hit & miss" valve is marked G, the air bag H and
the Bellows J; the cover is indicated by K and the water dishes by L the Gas burners
by M and the Lamp by N. Pindicates a free inlet to the bottom of the second
chamber (Fig. 4) and the illustrations shew the kind of door provided for obtaining
access to the Burner or lamp for lighting and other purposes. The arrows indicate
the course taken by the various currents of air before and after heating.
I have designed this apparatus to. he used in warming inhabited apartments such as
dwelling houses, churches and Halls, as well as for affording heat for drying and
manufacturing purposes. The shape of the apparatus forms no part of the invention.
I wish to state here that I do not claim as any part of my invention the use of a
"Bunsen" or any other particular kind of Burner or Lamp as herein spoken of as
agents for heating purposes, but purpose using any such well known agents for
generating heat as I may find most convenient for my purpose.
Neither do I claim, generally, the use of an air compressing vessel, Bellows, or air
bag for mixing air with Gas before it is burned, as these means have been known and
used before now in connection with Gas appliances for Braziers Lamps, High Pressure
Miniature Engine Boilers &c, but to the best of my belief have never been used in
connection with a heating apparatus (for Rooms, including respiratory and drying
purposes) such as herein described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :
First. In a Gas Heating apparatus, for uses and purposes such as herein
described, the particular arrangement and combination of chambers composed of
perforated metal casings and gratings such as I have described herein and shewn in
Figures 1. 2. 4 and 5; such perforated casings, formed of metal internal plates
Gratings and chambers being for the purpose of aiding the admixture of the carbonised
products of the Burning Gas with heated atmospheric air, the heat being imparted to
this air substantially as herein described.
Second. In a heating apparatus, for uses and purposes such as herein described, the
particular arrangement and combination of chambers composed of perforated
casings and gratings such as I have described herein and shewn in Figures 1, 2, 4
and 5: such perforated casings, gratings and chambers being for the purpose of
aiding insuring the admixture within the apparatus of the carbonised products of
the heating medium (whether the latter be Gas, Oil, Spirit or other Agent,) with
heated atmospheric Air; the heat being imparted to this Air and the apparatus
constructed substantially as herein described.
Third. In a Gas heating apparatus, constructed as, and for the purposes herein
described and shewn, the use of forcing appliances such as a Bellows, Bladder, Elastic
Bag, or other Air Compressing Vessel, for the purpose of imparting a greater supply.
of atmospheric Air to the Burners than could be obtained by the use of a Bunsen,"
(or similar) Burner.
"
Fourth. In a heating apparatus constructed as, and for the purposes, and operated
by means substantially such as, herein those described and shewn herein; whether the
structure be composed, in whole or part of metal or other suitable material such as
fire-clay, Terra Cotta etcetera.
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,
Agent for the Inventor.

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Jan., 1886.
Complete Left, 30th Oct., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 21st Jan., 1887.
I, GEORGE KINNAIRD, trading under the style or firm of Kinnaird & Ferguson,
at Queen's Park Foundry, Cavendish Street, Glasgow in the County of Lanark,
Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
It consists of a Heating apparatus containing a particular arrangement of chambers
and perforated gratings whereby the products from burning Coal (or other) Gas,
Oil or Spirit, consumed therein as a heating mediam are rendered inodorous and
innoxious, and may be diffused in, even, a close apartment with safety and comfort.
This special arrangement of chambers and gratings is to aid the mixing of the
Caloric arising from the burning Gas, Oil or Spirit, with a supply of heated
atmospheric Air which is generated within the apparatus so that the several heated
currents may be so blended before they are diffused in the apartment that any or all
offensive odour arising from the flame (and other sources) may be rendered
imperceptible or absolutely destroyed.
This purpose is further assisted (for use as a Gas Stove) by the particular manner
and extent to which atmospheric Air is mixed with the inflammable Gas before it is
introduced into the Burner (or Burners).
The particular group of chambers, for use with Gas, may be thus further detailed.
Chamber No. I encloses the Burner or Burners (which are more or less on the
Bunsen principle) and rises or extends beyond or above it or them and is partially
divided by a perforated plate, plates or grating, placed some little distance beyond
or above the Burners and acts as the first Agent in the mixing or Blending process
above described.
The Caloric, or heated Air, generated by and given off from the flames is partially
mixed with a current of Atmospheric Air as it passes through the said grating and
is diffused within the extended or upper part of this first chamber; it afterwards
passes into the second chamber, (or series of chambers) which surrounds and encloses
the first one. The second chamber is provided with a perforated belt or grating at
its lower extremity-nearest to the Burners-through which perforations the cold,
fresh air from the apartment is admitted into this chamber and is warmed as it comes

page_text: in contact with the heated outer surface of the first, or inner, chamber-and is then
mixed with the Caloric as it emerges therefrom. These two heated currents unite
within the second chamber and thence pass through a series of perforations into
another (or other) chamber or chambers and from which series of chambers the heated
air emerges into the apartment or may be conveyed through flues or pipes for the
purpose of heating distant rooms, &c.
The mixing of the Carbonized products of the burning Gas with the Caloric generated
in the outer chamber (or chambers) of the apparatus, as just described, is productive of
an inodorous and innoxious Caloric in every way suited for warming rooms or
compartments and as a consequence of its harmless character an exhaust flue or
chimney unnecessary.
The apparatus is, or may be, adapted for heating small rooms in Dwelling houses,
Large Halls, Churches, Workshops &c.
The same arrangement of chambers and perforated gratings may be used with Oil,
Spirit or other inflammable or Combustible material, with similar results to those above
described.
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,
Agent for the said George Kinnaird,
Of Queen's Park Foundry, Glasgow.

page_text: I, GEORGE KINNAIRD trading under the style or Firm of Kinnaird and Ferguson
at Queen's Park Foundry, Cavendish Street Glasgow in the County of Lanark North
Britain Ironfounder do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
It consists of a Heating apparatus containing a particular arrangement of chambers
and perforated gratings whereby the products from burning Coal (or other) Gas, Oil
or Spirit, consumed therein as a heating medium-are rendered Inodorous and
Innoxious and may be diffused in even a close apartment with safety and comfort to the
occupants.
This special arrangement of chambers and gratings is to aid the mixing of the Caloric
arising from the burning Gas (Oil or Spirit) with a supply of heated Atmospheric Air
which is generated within the apparatus so that the two several heated currents may
be so blended before they are diffused in the apartment that any, or all, offensive odour
arising from the flame (and other sources) may be rendered imperceptible or absolutely
destroyed.
This purpose is further assisted (when Gas is used as the heating medium) by the
particular manner and extent to which Atmospheric Air is mixed with the inflammablo
(Coal or other) Gas before it is introduced into the Burner (or Burners).
The particular group (or arrangement) of chambers (when gas is used as the heating
medium) may be thus further detailed. The first chamber, (principally but not
essentially) composed of Iron or other metal, encloses or covers over the Burner (or
Burners) the latter being more or less of the "Bunsen" character; namely, so
constructed that a current of Atmospheric Air is introduced, by natural and not artificial
pressure into the Burner at the same time as the Coal (or other) Gas.
I say more or less of the character commonly known as the "Bunsen" Burner,
because I find, in use, that it is sometimes advantageous to check the admixture of
Atmospheric Air with the Gas in the Burner and in such cases I control the current
"Hit & Miss"
of air admitted into it by means of a sliding grate, resembling! a
ventilator, and other appliances. I also find, that occasionally this heating apparatus
works more efficiently without any atmospheric air being mixed with the Gas in the
burner and in such cases I cut off the current of air altogether, by the means just
described and referred to, or attach a Burner of the ordinary (and not of the "Bunsen ")
character.
I also make provision for obtaining an increased admixture of air with the Gas in
the Burner, when required by a kind of Bellows (or store of air contained in an air
compressing Vessel, Bladder or elastic Bag) and discharge the same, by pressure, into
the Burner after the manner of a Braziers soldering Lamp. The air in this latter case
being admitted through a tap (or cock) in the same manner as the Gas.
The first chamber, already named, may be altogether vertical above the Burner or
only partially so, and thereafter oblique or horizontal, according to the varying
necessities in connection with the space to be heated by the apparatus.

page_text: It is, preferably, divided by a grating (or perforated plates) placed some distance
above or beyond the Burner in order that the said perforated plate (or plates) may
operate as an agent in the mixing of the caloric arising from the consumed Gas with
another current of air, heated by the casing of the apparatus. This first chamber is
completely open at the bottom but, above or beyond the junction of the perforated
grating, just described, it is composed of a partially perforated tube and this latter
portion is again interrupted by a second grating which acts as a cap or cover to the
tube: the extreme upper part of this tube is not perforated. When this tubular
part of the first chamber is vertical it is not intended that the perforations in its casing
shall afford egress to the caloric arising from the Burner but are designed to afford
ingress to hot air contained, and generated, in the second chamber which surrounds
and encloses the whole (or upper part) of the first one.
The second chamber, as just intimated is formed by a casing, external to that of the
first one, and like the former one, this outer casing is perforated also. There is a space
between these two casings sufficient for the accumulation of a volume of atmospheric
air equal to the volume of caloric contained in the inner chamber, and as the atmospheric
air comes in contact with the hot casing of the inner chamber it is heated, prior to
being drawn in, through the perforations before named, to the inner chamber where it
combines with the caloric arising from the Burner and passes thence through the
grated cap into the third chamber and is thence emitted into the apartment, or may be
passed, if required, through a further series of perforated gratings before it is thus
discharged.
I do not find it necessary to interpose more gratings than those supplied by the three
chambers constructed as described but if the apparatus was large and designed to
heat a large apartment I consider that a fourth chamber would be an advantage and
in no sense a detriment.
By this simple method of mixing the carbonised products of the Burning (or Burnt)
Gas with heated Air within an apparatus of this nature I find that the carbonic products
are neutralised and rendered imperceptible, and a pure, beneficial and agreable warm
atmosphere is produced.
If the tubular chambers require to be placed horizontally or obliquely for the purpose
of carrying the heat in pipes to distant parts, I do not perforate the whole circumference
of the tubes but only the under sides of them; the intervening gratings being used as
in the case of the vertical tubes.
Although the foregoing description has been confined to an apparatus for use with
Gas, the same apparatus may be used and the same beneficial results obtained from it
if an oil or spirit Lamp (or other heater) be used instead of Gas.
The accompanying series of illustrations will make my invention better understood
and more readily carried into effect.
Fig. 1 is a sectional perspective view, shewing the interior of the apparatus with
perforated Cover, also a Gas ring burner.
Fig. 2 is a similar perspective and sectional view, shewing a slightly different
arrangement of chambers and gratings in the upper part thereof to that shewn in
Fig. 1 and shewing also an Air bag attached to the Gas pipe, and a water dish on the
cover of the apparatus.
:
Fig. 3 is an external elevation of one form of the apparatus.
Fig. 4 is a sectional perspective view shewing a weighted air Bellows attached to the
Gas service pipe-a pan for holding water on top of apparatus and an open end to the
lower part of the second chamber.
Fig. 5 shows the apparatus with chambers partly vertical, partly horizontal and partly
inclined upwards, it also shews the sliding "Hit & Miss" valve for regulating the
influx of Air to the Burner.
Fig. 6 shews an interior perspective view of a combined vertical and horizontal
apparatus containing a lamp as a heating medium or heat generator.
In these illustrations the first chamber is indicated by the letters A. A. and the 5
perforated plate which divides it into two parts is indicated by the letter B. The
second chamber is indicated by the letters C. C. the third chamber by D, the fourth by

page_text: E and the fifth by F. The sliding "hit & miss" valve is marked G, the air bag Hand
the Bellows J; the cover is indicated by K and the water dishes by L the Gas burners
by M and the Lamp by N. P indicates a free inlet to the bottom of the second
chamber (Fig. 4) and Q the kind of door provided for obtaining access to the Burner
or lamp for lighting and other purposes. The arrows indicate the course taken by the
varions currents of air before and after heating.
I have designed this apparatus to be used in warming inhabited apartments such as
dwelling houses, churches and Halls, as well as for affording heat for drying and
manufacturing purposes.
"
I wish to state here that I do not claim as any part of my invention the use of a
"Bunsen
or any other particular kind of Burner or Lamp as herein spoken of as
agents for heating purposes, but purpose using any such well known agents for
generating heat as I may find most convenient for my purpose.
Neither do I claim, generally, the use of an air compressing vessel, Bellows, or air
bag for mixing air with Gas before it is burned, as these means have been known and
used before now in connection with Gas appliances for Braziers Lamps, High Pressure
Miniature Engine Boilers &c, but to the best of my belief have never been used in
connection with a heating apparatus for Rooms, including respiratory and drying
purposes such as herein described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:
First. In a Gas Heating apparatus,for uses such as herein described, the particular
arrangement and combination of chambers composed of perforated metal casings and
gratings such as I have shewn in Figures 1. 2. 4 and 5; such perforated casings,
Gratings and chambers being for the purpose of aiding the admixture of the carbonised
products of the Burning Gas with heated atmospheric air, the heat being imparted to
this air substantially as herein described.
Second. In a heating apparatus, for uses such as herein described, the particular
arrangement and combination of chambers composed of perforated casings and
gratings such as I have shewn in Figures 1, 2, 4 and 5: such perforated casings,
gratings and chambers being for the purpose of aiding the admixture of the carbonised
products of the heating medium (whether the latter be Gas, Oil, Spirit or other Agent,)
with heated atmospheric Air; the heat being imparted to this Air substantially as herein
described.
herein
Third. In a Gas heating apparatus, constructed as, and for the purposes
described and shewn, the use of forcing appliances such as a Bellows, Bladder, Elastic
Bag, or other Air Compressing Vessel, for the purpose of imparting a greater supply
of atmospheric Air to the Burners than could be obtained by the use of a "Bunsen,'
(or similar) Burner.
Fourth. In a heating apparatus constructed as, and for the purposes, and operated
by means such as, herein described and shewn ; whether the structure be composed, in
whole or part of metal or other suitable material such as fire-clay, Terra Cotta etcetera.
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,
Agent for the Inventor.