matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEREOSCOPES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Browning, of. 111, Minories, in the City of
London, Philosophical Instrument Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEREOSCOPES."
Sealed the 5th May 1857, and dated the 9th December 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Browning at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th December 1856.
I, JOHN BROWNING, of No. 111, Minories, in the City of London, Philoso-
phical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in wholly or partially coating the exterior of the
instrument with glass, either silvered, painted, etched, stained, engraved, or
otherwise ornamented, and in the employment of colored screens of glass to
intercept the light transmitted directly through glass or other transparent
slides, or reflected upon paper or other opaque slides, thereby producing effects
upon the pictures, when viewed with the improved stereoscope, resembling
those produced by what are known as Claude Lorrain glasses. These effects
have heretofore been obtained by either backing overy separate glass or other

page_text: transparent picture with colored gelatine or other colored medium, which
renders them heavy and expensive, or by imperfectly reflecting the light from
pieces of colored paper placed upon a shutter turning upon a hinge under-
neath the instrument. In my improved stereoscope, when it is used with
transparent slides, I place pieces of colored glass, of any required tint, in a
groove at the bottom of the instrument underneath the slide containing the
picture or other object. When opaque slides are used, the colored glass
screens are slid into a groove in front of the instrument, over the usual
aperture made for that purpose, and the picture is then viewed by light tinted
by the colored medium through which it passes, instead of the whole light
which would otherwise have been used.
The bottom portion of the front of the instrument being composed of glass, I
am enabled to dispense with the door and reflector at present in use, or to use
colored reflectors of metal or glass, as may be required. As, however, it is
necessary to close the aperture in front of the instrument when transparent
slides are examined, I provide an opaque glass, which can be concealed
within the instrument when opaque objects are viewed, but which can be
raised upon a hinge, thereby closing the aperture completely, and allowing
the transparent object to be examined by transmitted light only.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BENDING PLATES FOR THE FORMATION OF PIPES AND TUBES
Year: 1856

page_text: reca
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lemuel Wellman Wright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1856.
I, LEMUEL WELLMAN WRIGHT, of Sydenham, in the County of Kent,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BENDING PLATES FOR THE FORMATION OF PIPES AND
TUBES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in certain arrangements of levers and pressers driven
or guided by cams, in such manner as to press the plate from which the tube
is to be formed over and around a mandril supported in suitable frames. In
some cases the mandril is pressed into the plate, and the levers and pressers
are guided by cams in such manner as to form the sides of the plate over the
mandril.
The plates, previously to being bent over or round the mandril, are chamfered
at the edges, so that they form an even surface after being brought together,
and preparatory, to being welded.
By way of exemplification, I have annexed Drawings which represent the.
general construction and method of action of the machinery I employ.
In Sheet 1, Figures 1, 2, 8, 6 represents the mandril over and round which
the metal plate c is bent.
In Sheet 2, a is the mandril; b, the metal plate; and c, c, the pressers which
wind the plate round the mandril.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SASH BARS, COLUMNS, AND MOULDINGS FOR BUILDING AND DECORATIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: was not given counen VILO
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bunnett and Joseph
George Bunnett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th June 1856.
We, JOSEPH BONNETT and JOSEPH GEORGE BUNNETT, of Deptford, in the
County of Kent, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SASH BARS, COLUMNS, AND
MOULDINGS FOR BUILDING AND DECORATIVE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist, firstly, in the manufacture of sash-bars,
columns, and mouldings of sheet iron by drawing the iron between suitable
fixed or revolving dies, and such sash-bars may be formed with the tongue
or rebates complete from a single strip of iron, or from two or more strips
combined, or the sheet-iron sash-bar may be drawn with or attached to a solid
wrought-iron tongue, or with a wood or other suitable core.
The second part of these improvements consists in covering sheet-iron
sash-bars, columns, and mouldings (made as herein-before described) by the
ordinary modes of japanning and polishing, or with glass or vitreous enamels,
and producing on the same, or on sash-bars, columns, and mouldings of zinc,
brass, or other suitable metals, ornamental designs in imitation of woods,
marbles, bubl, or inlaid work, and other artistic devices.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNAL LAMPS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1856.
I, ARTHUR CLARK, of 83, High Street, Southampton, in the County of
Hants, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SIGNAL LAMPS," to be as follows:--
This Invention is more particularly applicable to those descriptions of signal
lamps which are used on board ship for signalling to the helmsman at night.
For this purpose it is necessary that the signal lamp should show a white,
green, or red light, as may be required. Now this Invention consists in doing
this with a single lamp, by surrounding the same with a rotating six-sided
lantern, each of the sides of which is glazed with glass of one or other of these
colours, and it is arranged that the opposite sides of the lantern be glazed with
glass of the same color. Surrounding the revolving lantern is an exterior case,
in which are two glass bulls'-eyes opposite to each other, one of which, when
the lantern is in use, directs the light to the helmsman, and the other to the
man on the look-out; thus the captain is able by turning the revolving lantern
by means of a handle to show a light of either color to the helmsman, who is
thus directed in the management of the helm, and the signal given to the
helmsman is also visible to the man on the look-out.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOKING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, AND FOR HEATING STEAM CLOSETS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Chapman and John
Henry Teager at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st March 1856.
We, WILLIAM CHAPMAN, Chemist, and JOHN HENRY TEAGER, Engineer,
both of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOKING ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, AND FOR HEATING STEAM CLOSETS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in apparatus, and in improved
methods of arranging apparatus for cooking animal and vegetable substances,
and for heating steam closets by means of steam. For this purpose we
employ a steamer or vessel, which is connected with a pipe from a boiler, by
means of a spicket joint or any other joint. The steam is conducted into the
steamer or vessel at the lower part. The lids or covers and moveable parts of
the steamer or vessel are made with projecting rims, which dip into troughs
formed on the steamer or vessel and on the lid or cover of the same. These
troughs are supplied with water, which makes them steam-tight joints, and
prevents the escape of steam by the lids or covers and moveable parts, and the
troughs are made with the outer sides higher than the inner sides, or so con-
structed that any condensed steam accumulating in them will run into the
steamer or vessel. The steam passes out of the steamer or vessel, through an

page_text: aperture and a spicket joint or any other joint, into an exit pipe or passage,
which is connected with a steam closet, or with a series of pipes enclosed in a
closet made of metal or any other material. The steam after passing round
and heating the closet, or through and heating the series of pipes, is conveyed
into the chimney or any other convenient place. When the steam closet is
not required, the steam which passes into the exit pipes or passages, is con-
veyed into the chimney or any other convenient place. When two or more
steamers or vessels are used, sliding valves are adapted to the exit pipes or
passages, to connect or disconnect the steamers or vessels as required, and to
prevent the escape of steam from any exit pipe or passage not in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COUNTING AND INDICATING THE NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONS PER- FORMED BY ROLLERS AND SHAFTS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bond at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th November
1856.
I, JOHN BOND, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machine and Tool
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR COUNTING AND INDICATING THE NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONS PER-
FORMED BY ROLLERS AND SHAFTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable for counting and indicating the number of revo-
lutions performed by the rollers or. shafts of machinery used in preparing,
spinning, and doubling cotton and other fibrous materials, whereby the quantity
of hanks or the work produced may be ascertained. This machinery consists
of a worm on the axis of the roller or shaft gearing into a worm wheel, on the
face of which is a scroll, this scroll gears into the teeth of a crown or toothed
wheel, the face of which serves as the dial plate. The finger which indicates
the number of revolutions on the dial plate is stationary, and may be fixed to
the end of the stud or pin on which the dial plate revolves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS, TO BE USED IN THE SEPARATION OF LIQUIDS FROM GRANULAR AND CRYSTALLINE MATTERS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1856.
I, JOHN THOMSON, of Newton-le-Willows, in the County of Lancaster, Sugar
Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS, TO BE USED IN THE SEPARATION OF LIQUIDS FROM GRANULAR
AND CRYSTALLINE MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object better means of separating liquids from
granular and crystalline matters than those heretofore employed. For which
purpose centrifugal apparatus is constructed with a chamber or chambers
contained between an outer and inner surface of reticulated or perforated
metal, or straining material, such surfaces being so arranged that the liquid
matter shall pass through the straining surface, whilst the more solid matter
shall pass on and be thrown by the centrifugal action into a separate
compartment of the apparatus, by which arrangement or combination the
feeding and separating may go on continuously without stopping the apparatus.
AN IMPROVED PETTICOAT
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léon Philéas Huteau at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th October
1856.
I, LEON PHILÉAS HUTEAU, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire
of France, and of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention of. "AN IMPROVED PETTICOAT,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in the mode of employing steel springs or hoops for
the construction of elastic petticoats. The springs or hoops are first covered
with a preservative composition, then with thick cotton cloth, and are attached
parallelly to the petticoat at equal distances apart, except the first spring,
which is placed very high on the hips near the waistband, the two ends being
made to meet at the lower extremity of the opening in the band. The waist-
band by which the petticoat is fixed is of caoutchouc, with an opening in front
corresponding with an opening in the front of the petticoat, and which may
be closed by lace passed through eyelet holes in its two sides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de
Fontainemoreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 17th December 1856.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINEMOREAU, of No. 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention consists in the construction of an apparatus with treadles,
which, when actuated by the feet of one or more men, put in motion a fly
wheel and pulley. The power thus obtained may be transmitted by any
suitable means.
The apparatus is composed of two standards, upon which are mounted in
suitable bearings a shaft provided with a fly wheel and pulleys. At the
middle of the shaft is a spur wheel, gearing with and receiving motion from
another wheel placed underneath, whose axis works in bearings on a central
standard. This axis is formed with, two reversed cranks. To each crank is
fixed a chain or band, fastened at the lower part to a treadle, consisting of a
lever working on a fulcrum at the centre. The two lever treadles are placed

page_text: opposite to each other, and their arms are connected together by cross pieces,
upon which the feet of two men opposite each other are placed, who, by giving
an alternate ascending and descending motion to the levers, actuate the cranks,
fly wheel, and pulleys.
Instead of tire levers one or any suitable number according to the number
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON FROM IRON ORES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Davies Margesson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th February 1856.
I, PHILIP DAVIES MARGESSON, of Woolwich, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON FROM IRON
ORES," to be as follows:-
By preference calcined ores are used, and they are reduced to a fine powder
and sifted to answer their being of the requisite fineness. A proportion of
pounded carbonaceous matter, coal or coke, &c., according to the nature of the
ore is mixed with it, and to these are added, if necessary, a proportion of
powdered lime, oxide of iron, or other fluxes. The whole of these substances
are to be thoroughly mixed together, when they will be ready for the furnace.
Quantities of the mixture may be subjected to pressure in moulds, so as to
consolidate the same, or the mixture may be used in the powdered state.
Instead of lighting the fire at the bottom of the furnace used, and making it
burn upwards, I light the fire at the top of the mixture, with which the furnace
is nearly filled, and make it burn downwards, by bringing the blast to blow
down upon it; so high a furnace as the blast furnace is not therefore required.
The furnace should be lined with a coating of pounded carbonaceous matter.
The ore with its admixtures are placed into the furnace, nearly filling it. A
concavity of about a foot in depth is made in the centre of the mixture, which
is filled with small coal, and the whole of the upper surface of the ore is covered

page_text: with pounded carbonaceous matter; on the top of this a fire is first kindled,
which must be made to burn very brightly by the gentle operation of the blast;
when it is thoroughly alight the blast is to be increased until the upper portion
of the ore melts. The air pipes are arranged so as to blow downwards into the
furnace, and the positions where the air is introduced must be lowered as the
fusing of the upper mass goes on. The fusion takes place very rapidly, and an
iron is produced which is quite malleable; it is run out into iron moulds, and
whilst it is red hot it is passed through the rollers, or hammered to form bar
iron. Instead of lighting a fire on the top of the prepared ore, I sometimes
pour molten iron over it so as completely to cover it, thereby preventing the
powdered mixture being blown away by the blast.
Another way I adopt is, to put the ore without its admixtures either in a
powdered or a compressed state into molten iron, and then force air into the
mass, so that the whole may be brought into a state of fusion. In this way
the
process may be continuous, as a portion of the metal may be drawn off,
and the furnace charged, and the operation proceeded with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FROM COAL, TAR, OR OTHER BITUMINOUS, RESINOUS, OR FATTY MATTER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Napier and John Millar at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
28th April 1856.
I, GEORGE NAPIER, of Bath Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, and
of the Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex, and I, JOHN MILLAR, of Cavendish
Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FROM COAL, TAR,
OR OTHER BITUMINOUS, RESINOUS, OR FATTY MATTER, to be as follows:-
Our improvements in the manufacture of gas from coal, tar, or other
bituminous, resinous, or fatty matter, relates to the method of introducing these
matters into the retorts, whereby the evolution of gas therefrom is facilitated,
which gas is also of improved illuminating power, and void of deleterious and
incombustible compounds, and the manufacture conducted with little or no
residuum in the retort.
We provide a number of retorts, which are placed in communication with
a main pipe to convey the gas, as usual. These retorts are also in com-
munication with another pipe, to supply the coal tar, or other resinous or
bituminous matters, which are kept in a reservoir near the retorts in a
heated state, in order that they may have sufficient fluidity for the purpose.
A force pump is in communication with the supply pipe, & placed between
the reservoirs & the retorts, whereby the fluid matter is forcibly injected into

page_text: the retorts through suitable jet apertures, which distribute these matters
over the interior surface of the retort. The retorts being kept in a heated state
suitable for the conversion of these matters into gas, the whole injected matter
is immediately converted into gas, & passes off through the main pipe by
its generated pressure in the retort. Sufficient time having elapsed to allow
.the greater portion of the gas to pass away from the retort, the injection of the
matter is repeated, & so on, an almost continuous evolution of gas from the
matter so injected takes place. Instead of injecting into a number of retorts
by one force pump, it is better that each retort be provided with a separate
pump or injecting chamber, in order that the injected matters may be sepa-
rately measured, & injected with certainty into the respective retorts, which
would not be so strictly the case where one pump supplies a number of retorts.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SOAP FRAMES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Thom and George Alderoft
Phillips at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th September 1856.
We, DAVID THOM and GEORGE ALDCROFT PHILLIPS, both of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Soap Manufacturers, do hereby declare the naturo
of our said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SOAP FRAMES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to a novel means of fastening the ordinary metal soap
frames, and consists in the application of "wedge cotters" to such purpose.
The "tie rods," which secure the opposite sides of the "frame" together, are
furnished at one extremity with a stud or nut, and having near the opposite
termination a slot or hole formed therein, through which the "wedge-
shaped cotter" passes. These tie rods are passed through the eyes for their
reception in the opposite sides of the frame, and when the sides are required
to be fastened against the ends of the frame, the "wedge-shaped cotters"
placed in the slots, and tightened up until the sides are firmly secured. By
the employment of these "wedge cotters," in lieu of the ordinary method of
screwing the sides up, much less time is required for fastening and un-
fastening the said sides, and consequently a considerable economy in time and
labour is effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-REGISTERING THERMOMETERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR INDICATING INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis John Pastorelli and John
Gibb at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 2nd October 1856.
We, FRANCIS JOHN PASTORELLI and JOHN GIBB, of 208, Piccadilly, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SELF-REGISTERING THERMOMETERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR INDICATING INSTRUMENTS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of the use of that metal recently introduced to
commerce, and known as aluminium, in self-registering thermometers, and
other similar meteorological instruments. The non-liability of this metal to
oxidation, its small specific gravity, and other peculiar properties, render it of
much value in the construction of these instruments, more especially as a
substitute for the steel index used in self-registering thermometers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE DELIVERY OF COALS TO CELLARS AND OTHER SUCH PLACES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Horrex at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 18th
September 1856.
I, THEOPHILUS HORREX, of South Square, Gray's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE DELIVERY OF COALS
TO CELLARS AND OTHER SUCH PLACES," to be as follows:-
By the present practice adopted in the delivery of coals to cellars & such
places, they are simply shot from the sack in which they have been conveyed
through a hole in the pavement or other way, by which they are not only
scattered about, to the inconvenience of passers by, but considerable dust and
dirt is occasioned, to the annoyance of the purchaser & neighbours.
And my Invention has for its object means by which, if not altogether to
remove these evils, at least greatly to mitigate them, and my improvements
consist in the adaptation of an inclined trough as a shoot in combination with
a hopper or conductor placed over the opening to the cellar or other receptacle
for the coals, as a means of conducting the coals at once from the cart or
waggon, when that is practicable, or otherwise direct from the mouth of the
sacks, whereby the scattering of the coals will be avoided, and the amount of
dust and dirt created will be greatly reduced.

page_text: The inclined trough with the conductor may have a cover, so as wholly or
partially to enclose the coals shot therein, and the trough may be made in
several pieces to facilitate transport, as also to adapt it to the various lengths
required in different cases, and the parts may also be made to fold.
AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF PHOSPHORIC ACID
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May
1856. A communication from Even Norton Horsford, of the State of
Massachusetts, in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF PHOSPHORIC ACID, to be as
follows.
This improved preparation of phosphoric acid is made from carefully washed
and burned bones, which, after being finely ground, are sifted with continual
stirring into freshly diluted oil of vitriol. The mass is stirred from time to
time for three days, when ordinarily the action will be complete, and there
will have resulted phosphoric acid, superphosphates, and sulphate of lime, with
a small proportion of salts of magnesia and soda. The pasty mass may be
mixed with flour or starch, or any farinaceous substance while moist, and per-
mitted slowly to dry in the sun, or with the aid of artificial heat carried up
to the limit beyond which farinaceous matters are affected by acid, or it may
be mixed with freshly burned gypsum, and then dried in the sun; or by arti-
ficial heat; or it may be mixed with stearine or other fatty bodies and dried,
or the mass may be leached, and the concentrated extract mixed with burned
gypsum or stearine and dried, all of which have been found to give desirable

page_text: results. When dried, the preparation should be packed in close boxes or
barrels, to prevent the absorption of hygroscopic moisture.
The proportions of the agents employed may be varied somewhat, without
essentially affecting the result. Corn starch, and other farinaceous substances,
as rice flour or farina, may be substituted for wheaten flour and potatoe starch;
bone black may be used instead of burned bones.
The object is to attain available phosphoric acid in such form that it may be
intimately mixed with dry alkaline carbonates, or other sensitive chemical
compounds, without decomposing them or entering into combination with
them, except upon the addition of moisture or the application of artificial heat.
This requires that the acid or acid phosphates be mixed with a neutral
diluting agent, as flour or starch, to increase the extent of surface, that the
action may be prompt when moisture or heat is applied, and at the same time
to more or less invest the particles of acid, to prevent them from action on
contact while dry.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GIVING ADDITIONAL COHESIVENESS AND TORSION TO FIBROUS SUBSTANCES IN THE DRAWING AND OTHER PROCESSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Pearcy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th November
1856.
I, RICHARD PEABCY, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GIVING ADDITIONAL COHESIVENESS AND
TORSION TO FIBROUS SUBSTANCES IN THE DRAWING AND OTHER PROCESSES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates principally to the kind of machinery or apparatus
commonly known as the drawing or tube frame, in which the sliver or slivers
are drawn out and the fibres laid side by side in a longitudinal and even
direction to prepare them for the spinning process; but in the said frames,
machinery, or apparatus as hitherto used a twist is put into the sliver before it
enters the tube that is between the drawing rollers and the tube, but is com-
pletely untwisted or taken out again as it is laid upou the bobbin, the
consequence being that a great difficulty is experienced in using the sliver
from the bobbin on account of its softness.
Now, the object of my Invention is to give this sliver as it is put on the
bobbin if not a perfect twist at least a sufficiently cohesive torsion for the
purpose required, which I accomplish by making the ordinary tube with

page_text: the two holes for the sliver to pass through some distance apart (not close
together, as heretofore), by which I am enabled to pass the sliver round the
tube in a spiral direction from one hole to the other, either half round, wholly
round, or more than onco round, according to the amount of cohesiveness
required, as I find by experience that if the sliver be passed once round the
tube it will have considerably more cohesion or consistency than if it is passed
only half way round. And instead of keeping the end of the tube in contact
with the sliver as it is laid on the bobbin, I keep it at a distance from it,
arranging the machine to that effect. Of course I do not confine myself to the
application of this improved tube, and the manner of using it, to the tube frame
only, as it is applicable to other machines used in the processes of drawing,
spinning, and doubling.
THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE IN ENGINE AND OTHER FIRES
Year: 1856

page_text: μιου
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fleming and George Fyfe
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 29th January 1856.
We, JAMES FLEMING, Engine Keeper, of Glasgow, and GEORGE FYFE, Mill-
wright, also of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE IN ENGINE AND
OTHER FIRES" to be as follows; and consists in placing a wall or division upon
or between the centre of the furnace bars and nearly the length of the bars.
Each side of the wall or division is provided with a damper (at the bridge),
so that at the time of firing on one side of the wall the damper on that side
is to be closed, and the smoke made to come back and travel over the fire on
the other side of the wall and then consumed, the damper on that side being
opened.
IMPROVED RAILWAY SIGNAL APPARATUS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine-
moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th December 1856.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINEMOREAU, of 99, Rue de l'Echiquier,
Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention of "IMPROVED RAILWAY SIGNAL
APPARATUS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of forming telegraphic signals
for railways, which method consists in fitting to the rails at suitable distances
a rod, which projects a little above the rail, so that when the wheels of a train
pass over it they depress it, and thus put into action the "manipulator," pro-
vided with a suitable spring playing between two metal conductors, so as to
establish a current of electricity (generated from batteries placed at convenient
distances on the line) between the manipulator and "receiver" connected with
the signalling apparatus. The receiver consists of a box or case containing
an electro-magnet provided with wires in communication with the battery,.
earth, and manipulator. Upon the top of the magnet is an armature, for
putting in action, by levers, the wheelwork connected with the signals. "In
working the apparatus the current is made to pass through a relay magnet
placed in the case.

page_text: Upon the axis of the escapement wheel is fitted the signal arm, which
rotates on its centro before a disc one quarter of a revolution at a time, so as
to indicate "danger" when the arm is in a horizontal position (the electric
current being then closed), and "all right" or "line clear" when the arm
is in a vertical position, the current being then broken.
One or more of the manipulators and receivers may be placed at suitable
distances from each other on the line of railway.
The electro-magnets of the signals which precede each station in closing
the line shut a special circuit by means of two contact springs within reach
of the armature. In this circuit and in the station itself is interposed a bell
arrangement, which announces the arrival of the train, until on entering the
station it acts on the manipulator of the signal within.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL LAMPS, WHICH I CALL THE CONTINUAL LAMP
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodule Cavé at the Office to
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1856.
I, THEODULE CAVE, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL LAMPS, WHICH I
CALL THE CONTINUAL LAMP, to be as follows:-
My improved lamp consists of a cylindrical vessel forming a reservoir for
the oil; a piston or plunger is fitted within the cylinder to force the oil up to
the wick. In the centre of the piston is a tube, to which a chain or piece of
catgut, or other suitable cord, is attached; the chain is fastened to a spindle, put
in motion by a key; by this means the piston is raised to the upper part of the
cylinder. In order to cause the piston to exert a downward pressure upon
the surface of the oil, a piece of vulcanized india-rubber tubing, or other suit-
able elastic material, is secured to the bottom of the cylinder; the other end is
carried up within the central tube of the piston and fastened to the upper part
of the same. When the piston is raised, by turning the key which winds the
chain upon the spindle, the india-rubber tube is stretched, and the downward
force which it exerts causes the piston to force the oil up the supply tube to
the wick. In this arrangement, the spring used for depressing the piston of the
ordinary moderator lamp is dispensed with, and thus greater space is obtained
within the reservoir; the flow of the oil is also more regular. Lamps made
upon this plan will burn from 16 to 24 hours without requiring attention.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BEATING, CLEANING, NAPPING, AND DRESSING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, Tow, AND OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND STUFFS, OR WOOLLEN CLOTHS
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Jacques Lebaillif at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
June 1856.
I, JEAN JACQUES LEBAILLIF, Manufacturer, of Falaise, Town in the French
Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BEATING, CLEANING, NAPPING, AND DRESSING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, Tow,
AND OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND STUFFS, OR WOOLLEN CLOTHS," to be
as follows:
My Invention consists in employing the fibres of a plant growing in the
Brazils, called piassava or piazava, for beating and scutching, cleaning, napping,
and dressing flax and other fibrous and filamentous substances and textile
fabrics.
The fibres of the piassava or piazava are formed into bundles and placed
round a drum or cylinder, and project about 2 or 3 inches from the surface
thereof; or the fibres are fixed on the arms of beaters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS FOR RAISING WATER
Year: 1856

page_text: по
Office of the Commissioners' of Patents, with his Petition; on the 21st
August 1856.-A communication from Monsieur Poujade, of Lyon.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS FOR RAISING WATER," to be
as follows:-
The improved construction of pump, which forms the subject of the present
Invention of improvements in pumps for raising water, is founded upon the
principle of the mobility of the ascending column of water, which is enclosed
in a cylinder, that is, moved up and down, while the fixed base may on the
contrary be considered as the piston of the pump.
The pump, which is double-acting, having duplicate parts connected by
means of a vibrating beam or lever, consists principally of two hollow columns
or cylinders, made of sheet iron or other suitable material, and precisely similar
in construction and operation. To the lower end of each of these columns
is attached the body or cylinder of a pump, which works on a fixed cylinder
placed at the bottom of the well or vessel containing the water to be pumped.
The fixed cylinder is pierced at the side with holes to admit water into the
interior, and the upper end of the fixed cylinder is packed so as to fit the internal

page_text: diameter of the moveable pump cylinder, but so as to leave a space below between
the fixed and moveable cylinders, for the purpose of allowing the water to gain
access through the lateral openings to the interior of the fixed cylinder; or, if
preferred, the water may be admitted through a clack valve placed at the lower
part of the fixed cylinder, the upper part of which is open, supposing the
water is admitted through openings at the side, or is provided with a clack
valve opening upwards. The moveable pump cylinder is also furnished with a
valve opening upwards, and it will now be understood that upon causing the
moveable column and pump cylinder to descend, the water will rise therein
through the clack valve, which will close immediately the pump cylinder
begins to ascend, and this ascension will of course cause a vacuum below the
valve, and water will rush through the valves or openings in the fixed cylinder
to fill up this void. Upon the second descent of the moveable cylinder a fresh
quantity of water will pass through the valve at bottom, and of course cause
an overflow from an opening at top. The two moveable cylinders being con-
nected together by a vibrating beam, it will be understood that when one is
ascending the other is descending, and vice versa.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PORIFICATION OF COAL GAS, THE RESIDUUM OF SUCH PURIFYING PROCESS BEING APPLICABLE EITHER AS A MANURE OR FOR MANUFACTURING GAS PROM
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Ross, James Vallentine,
Alexander Murray, and Alexander Don at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd December 1856.
We, ALEXANDER Ross, Blacksmith, the Burn, Parish of Fettercairn, JANES
VALLENTINE, Factor, on the Estate of the Burn, residing at Woodmyre Cottage,
Parish of Fettercairn, ALEXANDER MURRAY, Teacher of the Free Church
School, Fettercairn, and ALEXANDER DON, General Merchant, residing at
Fettercairn, all in Kincardineshire, Scotland, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PORIFICATION OF
COAL GAS, THE RESIDUUM OF SUCH PURIFYING PROCESS BEING APPLICABLE EITHER
AS A MANURE OR FOR MANUFACTURING GAS PROM," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a new process for purifying coal gas, by which
that process is rendered less expensive, more cleanly, and the gas more pure
and of greater illuminating power than by the processes at present employed
for purifying gas. And this I propose to effect by the use and employment of
all kinds of pine tree and hard wood, either in a state of sawdust or in a
chopped or bruised condition, to be used in lieu of the matters or ingredients
hitherto employed for purifying coal gas, the same ordinary purifying.
apparatus, without alteration, serving for the purposes of purifying gas
according to this Invention, as follows:-The gas upon coming into contact

page_text: with the sawdust or wood in any other state, chemical action ensues, and
effects the purification of the gas, and the purifying matter (wood) is converted
into a substance suitable as a manure or fertilizing agent, or if not used for
that purpose it may be employed with advantage in the retorts in lieu of coal
in the ordinary process of manufacturing coal gas, when it will be found to
yield a considerable quantity of an excellent gas, and the residuum in the
retorts will be pure charcoal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLS FOR ROLLING STEEL, COPPER, LEAD, OR OTHER MALLEABLE MATERIAL
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Martin Stanley, George
Bellamy, and Williain Booth, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th March 1856.
We, JOHN MARTIN STANLEY, GEORGE BELLANY, and WILLIAM BOOTH,
trading under the styl or firm of "Stanley, Bellamy, and Company," of Sheffield,
in the County of York, General Iron Founders, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLS FOR
ROLLING STEEL, COPPER, LEAD, OR OTHER MALLEABLE MATERIAL," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar mode of casting rolls for the purpose of
rolling steel, copper, lead, or other malleable material. The rolls at present
in use are cast solid, in one mass, in a cast-iron chilling cylinder; the chilling
or hardening process affects injuriously the crystallization of the axle of the
roll and renders it brittle. To avoid this, we purpose to cast the axle sepa-
rately of tough metal, and when cold, to cast upon it the perimeter or shell
of a harder metal, of finer texture, and of such thickness as may be necessary.
The cold axle will effect the chilling or hardening of the perimeter, so that no
cylinder will be required. The whole may be cast in open sand, thus render-
ing the process of manufacture cheaper than the ordinary mode. To prevent

page_text: the fracture of the perimeter from contraction during the process of cooling,
the axle is cast smaller in diameter in the middle than at the extremities, so
that when it is acted upon by the hot material composing the perimeter cast
upon it, it lengthens and accommodates itself to the action of the contracting
surface in contact with it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEEL AND ITS MANUFACTURE
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Davie Morries Stirling, Esquire, of Blackgrange,
Clackmananshire, N. B., for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEEL
AND ITS MANUFACTURE."
Sealed the 12th September 1856, and dated the 19th March 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Davie Morries
Stirling at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th March 1856.
I, JOHN DAVIE MORRIES STIRLING, Esquire, of Blackgrange, Clackmanan-
shire, N. B., do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEEL, AND ITS MANUFACTURE," to be as follows :—
I take equal parts of cast-iron suited for steel making, and of good quality;
and of wrought-iron, also of good quality, and fit for steel making. I then melt
the cast-iron in any convenient manner, and pour it upon the wrought-iron
previously reduced into small portions, and I either cool it by jetting water
upon it or allow it to cool spontaneously. It is afterwards broken up and
melted once or oftener in crucibles, or in any other convenient mode, with
as pure an oxide of iron as can be obtained, in such quantities as will give
the requisite quality. The more oxide used the softer the resulting steely
compound.

page_text: The oxides of zinc and tin, manganese, chromium; and of other metals, will
produce the same effect on this as on steel made in the ordinary way, and are
to be used in the same proportions and for the same purpose; the oxide of tin
for hardening, and the oxide of zinc for strengthening. Metallic tin and zinc
can also be employed. The resulting compound of the melted cast and wrought-
iron is to be treated by tilting and rolling, in the same way as other cast steel.
The proportions above given are those that are found to answer well, but
can be varied according to the quality of the cast-iron and of the wrought-iron
employed.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINES FOR SPINNING CALLED "THROSTLES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Bleasdale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1856.
I, RICHARD BLEASDALE, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MACHINES FOR SPINNING CALLED "THROSTLES," to be as follows:-
In throstles of the usual construction a piece of flannel is introduced
between the bottom of the bobbin and the copping rail, to produce the re-
quisite drag or friction for winding the yarn on to the bobbin.
Now, my Invention consists in dispensing with the flannel, and in using in
its stead a metal washer, from which a pin projects, fitting in a hole in the
flange of the bobbin. The metal washers bear upon a strip of leather laid on
the copping rail. By making the metal washer more or less concave, the
drag or friction can be regulated to wind the yarn more or less tightly on
the bobbin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILER AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th February 1856.
I, CHARLES FROW, of Wakefield, in the County of York, Engineer and
Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILER AND OTHER PURPOSES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a new method of arranging furnaces for steam
boilers, and for other purposes. The furnace is arranged with two or more
tiers of fire bars, the lower fire bars are of the ordinary description, and the fire
has an up draft, but the upper fire has a downward draft; the flame and smoke
being caused to pass downwards through its own fire and over the fire on the
lower bars. And I construct the upper fire grate of water tubes, which com-
municate at both ends with larger tubes connected with the steam boiler, or
with other vessel containing water; or, in some cases, of boilers in which the
furnace or fire box is surrounded by water spaces, as in locomotive and similar
boilers, I connect the water tubes forming the upper fire grate at one end with
the external water space of the furnace or with a large tube, and at the other
end with a water space connected with the sides and upper part of the fire box
or furnace; and this projecting water space is continued downwards below the
level of the grate, so that the flame has to pass under it before it reaches the
tubes or flues. In place of continuing the descending water space below

page_text: the level of the tubular fire grate, I sometimes construct a similar projection
of fire resisting materials, so arranged as to terminate at its bottom in a hori-
zontal line across the furnace, and parallel with the surface of the lower fire
grate; and I feed furnaces by means of a hopper, through which the fuel
descends into a chamber, from which it is forced on to the fire bars by means
of a plunger moving laterally. I apply a means of obstructing the free escape
of the atmosphere from within the furnace by means of water through or in
contact with which it must pass off, or by adaptation of the form of the chimney,
flue, smoke box, or other part, at the time that air is forced into the furnace,
by which means compressed atmosphere may be obtained within the furnace
at the desire of the fire attendant.