Improved Apparatus for Indicating the Speed of and Distance Run by a Vessel.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Nov., 1887
Complete Left, 5th Apr., 1888
•Complete Accepted, 18th May, 1888
Improved Apparatus for Indicating the Speed of and Distance
Run by a Vessel.
I, CHARLES SPERRY, of 280 Broadway New York, in the County and State of New
York United States of America, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to provide an instrument that will indicate the speed
of a vessel and be operated by the varying pressures in tubes projecting from the
bottom of the vessel, produced by the resistance of the water when the vessel is in
motion.
The indicator mechanism whereby a pointer is caused to move over a dial, comprises
a pressure chamber divided into two compartments by a flexible diaphragm against
which bears one arm of a bell crank lever whose other arm is connected to an arm on
a shaft passing through a stuffing box bearing in the cover of one of the compartments.
Upon the exterior portion of this shaft is a curved arm which is caused by an
adjusting screw to partake in the motion of the shaft. This curved arm acts on a
friction roller carried by a scroll sector hung on another axis and in gear with a scroll
wheel on the axis of the pointer, whereby the scroll wheel and pointer are allowed to
be revolved by a volute spring about said axis. Another spring takes up lost motion
and holds the bell crank against the diaphragm. The bearings of the sector shaft are
adjustable to allow of the sector being properly adjusted to the scroll wheel and the
scroll gear is so proportioned as to cause a uniform movement of the pointer over
equal spaces on the dial for equal variations in the speed of the vessel, the adjusting
screw serving to bring the scroll gear in a position to normally hold the pointer at
zero when the indicator is quiescent. The movement of the pointer is regulated to.
indicate correctly, by an adjusting screw which varies the radial distance of the
friction roller thereby varying the proportional radii of the curved arm and the roller.
The surface of the curved arm in contact with the roller is always parallel with the
adjusting screw, so that the neutral position of the pointer will always be at zero
wherever the roller may be placed in adjusting. The dial may be graduated in knots,
miles, or any other lineal measure.

page_text: To the two compartments of the pressure chamber, are connected two tubes
provided with stop cocks and connected with the upper ends of two mercury
reservoirs, the bottom ends of which communicate by two tubes with the tops of two
other mercury reservoirs at a higher level than the first, the upper ends of which
communicate by two other tubes with a vertical tube divided into two passages by a
partition athwartships through the centre, as a substitute for two tubes. This divided
tube is passed through a tube which is permanently secured through the bottom of
the vessel and is provided with a stop valve and packing box, the divided tube
projecting a little below the bottom of the vessel. The divided tubo is closed at tho
outer end, but has holes on the fore and aft sides communicating with the passages
and so through stop valves, with the two tubes above referred to.
The mercury reservoirs are so arranged as to support a column of liquid to the
height of the indicator, the reservoirs being equal in horizontal area and concentric in
order to prevent the pitching and rolling of the vessel from producing vibrations of
the indicator, and the upper reservoirs are parallel with the lower and on the same
vertical axis.
.
The arrangement of the different parts is as follows;-The indicator is placed
wherever desired in the vessel and the quantity of mercury is regulated so that it will
stand at about the centre of the roservoirs and sustain the liquid in the tubes to the
highest indicator, of which several may be used in connection with one set of
roservoirs. The reservoirs are used so that when the diaphragm is moved by
variations of pressure on each side there will only be a slight difference in the
elevations of the surfaces of mercury.
The operation is as follows;-As long as the vessel is at rest, the pressures at the
fore and aft apertures of the divided tube, through all the connections and on each
side of the diaphragm, are equal on both sides, consequently the diaphragm and
therefore the pointer, will not move. When the vessel starts or increases her speed
ahead, the pressure increases through the one set of connections and reservoirs leading
to the compartment at one side of the diaphragm, and decreases at the other side.
This excess of pressure in the one compartment springs the diaphragm forward,
moving the mechanism and pointer indicating the speed on the dial. As the vessel
increases in speed, the pressure will increase as the square of the velocity. To
compensate for this variation of pressure, I employ the scroll gear and segment so
that when the diaphragm moves least, the pointer will be carried over a relatively
greater distanco so that the graduations upon the dial may be made equi-distant
apart.
-
The Invention further relates to the combination with the speed indicator of a
chronometer and a counting device. Small dials, the one graduated in measures of
time and the other in measures of length, are provided on the main dial, and a
revolution counter geared with the pointer moving over the distance dial shews the
aggregate number of revolutions made by said index the number of knots sailed
in a given time. A chronometer moves its pointer over the time dial and revolves
a friction disc at a regular speed. A friction wheel is in contact with the face of
said wheel and is thereby revolved whenever it is moved from the centre of the disc,
this movement being facilitated by mounted transversely-radial anti-friction discs in
the circumference of the friction wheel which roll across the face of the disc and
increase the adhesion between the face of the disc (which may be covered with rubber
to increase the friction) and the periphery of the wheel which it drives. This wheel
slides on, and turns, a shaft which drives the pointer of the distance dial and also the
counter. The position of the wheel relatively to the face disc which drives it, is
regulated by a shifting device operated by a sector gearing with a pinion on the axis
of the speed indicator, the point of connection with the sector being variable to
permit of adjusting the mechanism so that the time mechanism will move the pointer
around the distance dial an equal number of revolutions per hour, to the speed
indicated by the speed pointer on the large dial.
The combined operation of the chronometer register and counting device, in
connection with that of the logometer before described, is as follows;-The time

page_text: mechanism or chronometer running regularly, indicates uniform time on its dial and
revolves the face disc continuously at a regular speed. As long as the speed-
indicating pointer remains at its zero point, the friction wheel will remain on the
centre of the disc and consequently will not revolve, and the registering mechanism,
viz. that which revolves the pointer over the distance dial, and the counting device
will remain at rest. When the speed indicator pointer is caused to move around the
large dial by the pressure of water, as above described, the friction wheel is moved
from the centre of the face disc, and will be revolved at a speed directly in proportion
to its distance from the centre of the face of the disc, and this distance will be directly
in proportion to the distance which the speed pointer has moved around the large
dial. By the revolution of the friction wheel, the pointer is moved over the distance
dial one revolution for each knot the vessel runs, and the counter is actuated to
correspond, the figures appearing in the apertures in the dial plate, indicating the
total number of revolutions or knots.
.
If the speed pointer points to ten knots for one hour, the pointer of the distance dial
will make ten revolutions in that hour and the counting device will shew the figures 10
at the end of the same time. The data thus obtained by the logometer is therefore;-
the speed of the vessel per hour indicated on the large dial, uniform time on the
chronometer dial, the number of knots run, registered by the counting device, and
the fraction of a knot, on the distance dial.
Dated this 8th day of November 1887.
C. SPERRY.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London,
Patent Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Indicating the Speed of and Distance Run
by a Vessel.
I CHARLES SPERRY of 280 Broadway New York, in the County and State of New
York, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
"
The objects of my invention are to provide an instrument that will continuously
indicate the speed of a vessel to which it is attached, and register the distance, or
count the number of knots or miles that the vessel sails, composing a completo
logomoter" to constantly indicate uniform time, the speed of, and the distance run
by, the vessel; the instrument to be operated by the varying pressures, in tubes
projecting from the bottom of the vessel, produced by the resistance of the water when
the vessel is moving through it, in combination with a chronometer, or time measuring
mechanism.
I accomplish these objects in the manner specified and by the mechanism illustrated
in the accompanying drawings in which figure 1 is a face view of the logometer
shewing the position of the details and the register or counting device. Figure 2 is
a front elevation of the instrument, with portions of the dial plate and case broken
away, to show the mechanism for moving the pointer indicating the speed. Figure 3 is
a sectional plan representing a top view of the pressure chambers with the flexible
diaphragm and part of the mechanism. Figure 4 is a front elevation with portions
of the dial plate removed, to shew the mechanism for operating the counter registering
the distance. Figure 5 is a sectional elevation in side view, shewing the pressure
chambers, flexible diaphragm, and the mechanism. Figure 6 is a front elevation of
the counter and register removed from the casing. Figure 7 is a central longitudinal
section of one of the counting or number-wheels, and a pinion. Figure 8 is an end eleva-
tion of a number-wheel and pinion, and figuro 9 is the opposite end view of a number
wheel and the single-tooth wheel of the counter. Figure 10 is a transverse section of
the bottom of a vessel, the mercury chambers, stop valve, and packing box, shewing
the tubes projecting through the vessel's hull, and representing the way by which the
pressure of water on the outside of the vessel is transmitted to the instrument.
Figure 11 is a central, longitudinal section of the outside double tube. Figure 12 is
a plan section of one of the mercury chambers, and figuro 13 is a diagram showing
how the logometer, mercury chambers, and the outside tube are connected and
arranged in a vessel. Similar figures and letters refer to similar parts throughout
the several views.
Referring to figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; the external caso 1 of the logometer has a
glass front 2 over a dial plate 3 on which are graduated dials A, B, and C. D is the
register or revolution counter. The dial A is shewn with two circles of graduations;
the inner circle for knots and the outer circle for miles speed of tho vessel per hour.
Dial B is graduated in measures of time similar to a clock, to shew regular time,

page_text: and dial C is graduated in measures of length to measure the distance which the
vessel sails.
In this description of my invention, the knot will be considered as the measure of
length for which the instrument is adjusted to indicate, while it may be arranged for
foreign or other measures as well, when desired. The circuit of the dial C represents
one knot and the graduations fractions of a knot sailed. The counter D counts the
number of revolutions made by the pointer of dial C and therefore registers the
distance shewing the aggregate number of knots that the vessel has sailed since
the counter was started from naught, where it may be placed at any time.
The front plate 4 of the case 1 is secured by bolts 5, and a flexible diaphragm 6 is
secured by bolts 7 around their circumferences to internal annular flanges of the case
forming the two pressure chambers 8 and 9. 10 is a bell crank turning on a pivot 11.
The long arm of this bell-crank is in contact with the centre of the flexible
diaphragm 6 and the short arın is connected by a link 12 to an arm 13 fast on a
shaft 14 which extends through a packing box 15. On the shaft 14 is a collar 16
which has a lug 17 in contact with the end of an adjusting screw 18 which screws
through a projection on, and thereby carries, a curved arm 19. The upper end of
this curved arni moves in contact with a wheel 20 which is attached to, and turns, a
scroll gear sector 21 and this scroll sector, gearing with a scroll gear wheel 22 on a
shaft 23 on which is a pointer 24, moves this pointer around the dial A indicating the
speed of the vessel. A spiral spring 25 takes up lost motion and holds the long arm
of the bell-crank 10. against the flexible diaphragm 6. The scroll sector 21 is fast on
a shaft 26 which has its bearings in adjustable plates 27 which, by loosening screws 28,
may be moved on the frame pieces 29 and the sector properly adjusted to the scroll
wheel 22. The scroll gear 21 and 22 are proportioned to cause an equable movement
of the pointer 24 over uniform spaces on the dial A for equal variations in the speed
of the vessel. The adjusting-screw 18 is to bring the scroll gear 21 and 22 to their
proper relative, positions, and the pointer 24 to the zero-mark, when the instrument
is quiescent. The movement of the pointer 24 is regulated to indicate correctly by
a regulating screw 30 which, by turning, moves the arbor carrying the wheel 20 toward
or from the shaft 26 thereby varying the proportional radii of the point of contact of
the curved arm 19 with the wheel 20 and the arc on whichi wheel 20 moves. When
the pointer 24 is at the zero-point, the surface of the curved arm 19 which comes
in contact with the wheel 20 is parallel with the regulating screw 30, so that the
neutral position of the pointer will remain at zero wherever wheel 20 may be placed
in regulating. The chronometer or clock work 3.1, which moves the pointers 32 over the
dial B indicating time, also revolves a friction disc 33 at a certain regular rate. 34 is
a friction wheel perpendicular to, and in contact with, the face of the friction dise 33.
This friction disc may be faced with rubber to increase the friction and the friction
wheel 34 is thereby revolved whenever it is moved from the centre and across the
face of the friction disc 33. Transversely to and on the circumference of the friction
wheel 34, are small dises 35 which roll on the face of the friction disc 33 to allow the
friction-wheel to be moved easily across its face with little friction and to increase the
friction in the direction which the friction-disc tends to revolve the friction wheel.
To permit it to be moved from and to the centre of the face of the friction-disc 33,
the friction wheel 34 is made to slide on a shaft 36, being moved thereon by a shifting
device 37 which slides in guides 38. One arm of this shifter works in a groove 39
on the hub of the friction wheel 34, the other arm is connected by a pin 40 to a
link 41 and this link connects with a regulating-slide 42 on an arm 43 of a gear
sector 44 which turns on an arbor 45, and gears with a pinion 46 which is fast on
the shaft 23. The shaft 36 has a bearing 47 pivoted at 48. so that the friction wheel
34 on this shaft may be pressed against the friction disc 33 by a spring 49. The
pressure, and consequently the friction between the friction disc 33 and the friction
wheel 34, may thereby be made more or less by turning a pressure screw 50 down
or up and adjusting it to the proper amount which will be just enough to revolve the
friction wheel without its slipping on the face of the friction disc. When the friction
wheel 34 is revolved it turns the shaft 36 and a bevel gear 51 on this shaft revolves

page_text: a bevel gear 52 secured on a shaft 53 on which is a pointer 54 of the dial measuring
the distance as sailed by the vessel. The bevel gear 51 also revolves a bevel gear 55
with a shaft 56 which, by bevel gears 57 and 58, turns a shaft 59. On the end of
the shaft 59 which connects with the counter D is a wheel 60 having one tooth which
at every revolution of the wheel enters between the teeth of a counting or number
wheel 61 and turns the number wheel two teeth, equal to one-tenth of a revolution.
Referring to figures 6, 7, 8, and 9; The circumference of the wheel 60 entering
between two teeth on the number wheel 61 serves as a stop or lock to this whicel
while the tooth of the wheel 60 is ont of operation... At every revolution of
the number wheel 61, a single tooth 62 on its circumference, turns a pinion 63 two
teeth, and this pinion which is loose on a fixed shaft 64 and gears with a second
number wheel 65, turns this wheel two teeth or a tenth of a revolution. When the
tooth 62 leaves the pinion 63 the circumference of the number wheel 61 enters
between two teeth of the pinion, thereby locking it and the number wheel 65. At
every revolution of the number wheel 65, a pinion 66 and a third number wheel 67
are revolved two teeth and stopped in the same manner as described for the pinion 63
and the number wheel 65. A pinion 68 and a fourth number wheel 69 are revolved
and locked in a similar way. Equidistant apart on the circumferential faces of the
number wheels are the numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, which appear in their
regular order through apertures 70 in the dial plate 3 alternately with each movement
of the wheel, registering the distance sailed by the vessel.
The drawings shew four number-wheels which will register or count from one up
to ten thousand knots; but more or less number wheels may be used as desired.
The measuring and registering mechanism-vizt.: that which moves the pointer 54
of the dial C and the counter D, is regulated by moving the regulating slide 42
on the arm 43 (the curvo of this arm being concentric with the pin 40 when the
pointer 24 is at zero point) to a position which will cause the clock work to move
the pointer 54 around the dial as described, an equal number of revolutions
per hour, as the speed indicated by the pointer 24 on the dial A-that is if the
pointer 24 points to ten knots speed for one hour the pointer 54 will make ten
revolutions over the dial C in that hour and the counter D counts them and shews
the number 10 at the end of the same time.
Referring to figures 10, 11, 12, and 13; A tube 71 is permanently secured through
the vessel's bottom and connected to the inner end of this tube is a stop-valve 72
with a packing box 73. Through this packing box, stop-valve, and tube, and pro-
jecting a few inches below the bottom of the vessel, is another tube 74 divided into
two passages, 75 and 76 by a partition 77 athwartships through the centre, as a sub-
stitute for two tubes, and having the lower end closed. Near the lower end on the
forward and after sidos of the tube 74 are openings 78 and 79 communicating with
the passages 75 and 76 and connecting with the upper end of these passages are
stop-valves 80. Mercury chambers 81, 82, 83, and 84, are provided for mercury to
support a column of liquid in tubes 85 and 86 to the elevation of the instrument.
These mercury chambers are equal in their horizontal areas and the inner and outer
ones are concentric to prevent the pitching and rolling of the vessel from producing
oscillations of the pointer 24; and the upper chambers 81 and 82 are parallel with
the lower chambers 83 and 84 and on the same vertical axial line. The forward
passage 75 is connected by a tube 87 to the mercury chamber 81 and the after
passage 76 connects by a tube 88 to the mercury chamber 82 through the stop
valves 80. A tube 89 connects the mercury chamber 81 with the chamber 83
and a tube 90 connects the chambers 82 and 84. The mercury chamber 83 is
connected by the tube 85 to the pressure chamber 8 and the chamber 84 connects
by the tube 86 to the pressure chamber 9 of the instrument.
The arrangement of the different parts is as follows;-The instruments are placed
wherever desired in the vessel, and the mercury chambers 81 and 82 are secured at
such a height above the chambers 83 and 84 that the surfaces of the mercury will
stand at about the centre of all the mercury chambers and sustain the liquid in the
tubes 85 and 86 to the highest instrument to be used on the vessel. The mercury

page_text: chambers are used to increase the superficial area of the mercury, so that when the
flexible diaphragm 6 is moved by variations of pressure on each side there will be
but a slight variation in the elevation of the surfaces of the mercury. The stop
valve 72 being closed, the double tube 74 is placed in position by pushing it through
the packing box 73 to the stop valve, then opening this valve and pushing the tube
down as far as desired. The tubes 87 and 88 are connected to the stop valves 80
which are closed. The mercury chambers 83 and 84 are filled full of mercury also
the tubes 89 and 90 to the same height. Then oil or any liquid suitable for the
purpose is poured into the top of the instrument at openings 91 and 92 until the
pressure chambers 8 and 9, the tubes 85 and 86 and the upper half of the mercury
chambers 83 and 84 are filled; the mercury having been forced up through the
tubes 89 and 90 to about the centre of the chambers 81 and S2. A stop valve 93,
connects the tubes 85 and 86 and a stop valve 94 connects the tubes 89 and 90 to
cause an equality of pressures in the two series of connections and chambers while
open, and there being a perfect equilibrium of the liquids in all of the tubes and
chambers, the openings 91 and 92 and the valves 93 and 94 are closed. The upper
half of the mercury chambers 81 and 82 and the tubes 87 and 88 are filled with
the liquid at opening 95 and 96. These openings are then closed and the stop
valves 80 opened when the pressure from the outside of the vessel will be transmitted
through the connections described to each side of the flexible diaphragm in the
instrument.
If the outside tube 74 becomes obstructed by the vessel grounding in soft material,
it may be pulled up through the stop valve 72 which is then closed and the tube taken
entirely out and cleaned. The tube is put back by pushing it through the packing
box, opening the valve and shoving the tube down; this preventing any water entering
the vessel. If the tube 74 has been injured or bent so that it cannot be pulled up
the stop valves 80 with the tubes 87 and 88 may be disconnected from it and a
duplicate tube put down, forcing the damaged one out.
Several legometers may be used on the same vessel and all be connected to one
set of mercury chambers and outside double tube. With one in the pilot house or
where those having control of the vessel can see the instrument, they can ascertain at
all times by simply looking at it, how fast their vessel is sailing and the distance
which has been traversed on the voyage. Instruments in the captains' engineers' and
other officers' rooms will enable them to know without even rising, whether the vessel
is running at her usual rate of speed, and if she has made the proper distance during
the elapsed time. Its use on sailing vessels besides indicating the speed and distance
run will be to shew when the sails are trimmed correctly and the vessel is sailed
properly so as to keep the pointer 24 as far around the dial A as possible, thus
obtaining the fastest speed practicable. The position of a vessel running in foggy
or obscure weather may be very accurately ascertained by observing the compass and
the logometer.
The operation will be as follows ;-As long as the vessel is not moving through tho
water, the pressures at the openings 78 and 79 are equal. The pressures are therefore
equal through both series of tubes and mercury chambers, and in the pressure
chambers 8 and 9 on each side of the flexible (liaphragm 6, consequently there will
be no movement of the flexible diaphragm or the speed indicating pointer 24. When
the vessel starts and increases her speed forward, the pressure increases at the
opening 78, in the passage 75, tube 87, mercury-chamber 81, tube 89, mercury
chamber 83, tube 85 and the pressure chamber 8. At the same time the
pressure decreases at the opening 79. in the passage 76, tube 88, mercury-
chamber 82, tube 90, mercury-chamber 84, tube 86 and the pressure-chamber 9.
This excess of pressure in the chamber 8 springs the flexible diaphragm 6 forward
thereby moving the bell-crank 10; and this movement transmitted by the link 12,
arm 13, shaft 14, curved arm 19, and the scroll gear 21 and 22, as described,
As the
moves the pointer 24 over the dial A, indicating the speed of the vessel.
vessel increases in speed, the pressure will increase nearly as the square of the speed.
To compensate for this variation of pressure, I employ the scroll gear-sector 21 and

page_text: the scroll gear-wheel 22, so that when the flexible diaphragm 6 moves loast the
pointer 24 will be carried over a relatively greater distance and that the graduations
upon the dial A may be made equidistant from each other. The chronometer or clock-
work running regularly, indicates time by the pointers 32 on the dial B and revolves
the friction disc 33 continuously at a regular speed. While the speed indicating
pointer 24 remains at its zero-point, the friction wheel 34 will remain on the contre of
the friction disc 33 and therefore will not be revolved, consequently the measuring and
registering mechanism will remain at rest. When the pointer 24 is moved around tho
dial A, the pinion 46 on its shaft 23 turns the gear-sector 44 and this, by the link 41
and the shifter 37 in the groove 39 moves the friction wheel 34 from the centre of the
friction disc 33. The friction wheel will then be revolved at a speed directly in
proportion to its distance from the centre of the face of the friction disc, and this
distance will be directly in proportion to the distance which the pointer 24 has moved
around the dial A. When the friction wheel 34 is revolved, it turns the shaft 36 and
this shaft by the bevel gears 51 and 52, revolves the shaft 53 with the pointer 54 of
the dial C making one revolution for each knot that the vessel runs. The bevel
gear 51, through the bevel gear 55 shaft 56 and the bevel gears 57 and 58, turns the
shaft 59 the same number of revolutions as is made by the measuring pointer 54. At
cach revolution of the shaft 59, the single-tooth wheel 60 revolves the first number
wheel 61 two-teeth or one tenth of a revolution, equal to the space occupied by one
figure on its circumference. These figures appearing through the apertures 70 in the
dial plate 3 indicate the number of revolutions of the pointer 54 which will be the
number of knots sailed. When the number wheel 61 has been revolved until
the figure 9 on its circumference is at the aperture 70, the tooth 62 reaches the
pinion 63, and with the next movement of the number wheel 61 the second number
wheel 65 is revolved one space or figure, registering the tens. After the figure 9 on
the number wheel 65 reaches the aperture in the dial plate, the next movement
revolves the third number wheel 67 one figure, registering the hundreds. Other
number wheels are revolved in the same manner. When it is desired to bring the
ciphers in view to begin a new count, the pinions on the shaft 64 are removed out of
gear with the number wheels which may then be placed as desired. The data obtained
by the logometer is the speed of the vessel per hour, indicated on the dial A; uniform
time, on the dial B; number of knots sailed, by tho register D; aud the fraction of a
knot, on the dial C.
I do not limit myself to the exact construction of the parts, as illustrated in
the drawings and herein described, as the samo can be varied as may be
required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;
1. A logometer, to indicate the rate of speed of a vessel and measure and register
the distance which the vessel. moves through the water and adapted to be operated by
the varying pressure of the water incident to the varying speed of the vessel in
combination with a chronometer or clock movement, substantially as shown and
.specified.
2. A logometer, comprising a speed indicator, a chronometer, a distance measure, a
counter, and registering mechanism, all combined and arranged to operate as.
one device or machine, substantially as shewn and described and for the purposes set
forth.
3. In a logometer, a double pressure chamber 8 and 9 with a flexible diaphragm 6
in combination with a bell crank lever 10 connected by a link 12 to an arm 13, a
shaft 14 extending through a packing box 15 and adjustably connected with an
arm 19, a scroll. sector 21, and a scroll wheel 22, with means for adjusting and
regulating, to move a pointer 24, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
4. In a logometer, a speed indicator in combination with a chronometer connected