Improvements in Pug Mills for Making Bricks, Tiles, and such like.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Feb., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 20th Nov., 1996-Accepted, 20th Feb., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pug Mills for Making Bricks, Tiles, and such
like.
DENIS DOYLE Workhouse Youghal Co. Cork Workhouse Master and THOMAS
FARRELL Brick Manufacturer Youghal Co. Cork do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in lubricating the interior surface of the cylinder
& hopper head or conical end, as well as the surface of the propeller with water in
a manner somewhat like the die is at present lubricated.
The lubricating cloth may be covered over with a perforated plate of steel or
zine or brass, the perforations to be so formed as to incline towards the die end of
pug. The water to the surface of propeller will pass through a pipe or bore in
the spindle of same & be governed by a stop cock. The lubricating cloth may also
be covered over with plates of steel &c. overlapping each other like the slates of
a house.
The next improvement is to fix one two or more, plates at the end of the pug
mill so that they may just graze the end of the propeller. The edge of each plate
next the propeller to coincide with the radius of the end of cylinder, its surface to
be set obliquely so that when the clay is revolving by the action of the propeller
this plate takes it off the end like an ordinary scraper deflecting it on a direct line,
or like the iron of a carpenter's plane takes off the wood chip. This plate is also
to be lubricated in the inanner aforesaid.
In using a die 9" x 9" instead of 9 x 4 & splitting the double column by
a wire fixed transversely on the die.
For making perforated brick to mount each line of the perforating pins on two
lines of steel rope stretched transversely across the die which may be fixed to the
sides of the die : or better still may be fixed at either end to a carriage moving
outside the die, the sides of the die being slotted for the wire rope. This carriage
moves on a horizontal line backwards & forwards to & from the pug end, telescope-
like outside the die frame..
. It moves forward being carried by the column of clay issuing from the pug, when
it has gone say six inches (which must be the length of the slots at the sides of the
die frame) the carriage is drawn suddenly backwards by suitable reciprocating
gear to which it is attached. It then goes forward with the column as before &
the backward motion is repeated.
This will considerably economize power as the force required to drive back the
perforating pins, through the column of clay will be far less than the increased
power requisite to force out the column through the pins which greatly impede
when as at present they are fixed to transverse straps.
The pins & steel rope to be lubricated with water governed by a stop cock.
The clay cannot come out through the said slots as it is prevented by a plate at
either side of die fixed on the wire ropes close to the side & sliding outside slots.
Dated this 21st day of February 1896.
D. DOYLE.
THOMAS FARRELL.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pug Mills for Making Bricks, Tiles, and such
like.
We DENIS DOYLE of Youghal Co. Cork Workhouse Master, and THOMAS
FARRELL J.P. Youghal Co. Cork Brick Manufacturer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
These improvements consist in lubricating the interior surface of the cylinder &
screw or propeller so as to obviate the loss of motive power required to overcome
the friction of the moistened clay which at present adheres with great force to
these surfaces.
We have observed that when brick earth is being tempered the operator every
now & then dips his shovel in water in order to prevent the adhesion of the clay to
the surface of the implement which adhesion he knows by experience would cast
much extra labour on him; and he does the same when removing the tempered
clay.
Now the office fulfilled by the knives & propeller of pug mill correspond to
that of the shovel, and hence keeping the operating surfaces of these constantly
moistened with water has a corresponding advantage of relieving the motive power;
aud as the amount of water thus added does not appreciably affect the mass of clay
as applied by the shovel, so neither will it make the mass appreciably softer as
applied by the knives & propellers of the pug mill.
We accomplish this lubrication of the surface of the knives & propeller by
conveying the water or steam through a passage in the shaft which branches to
the different knives & propeller blades.
Figure 4, represents the ground plan view of a pug mill, Figure 3 the cross
section at 31 (viewed from die end D) Figure 2, exhibits the vertical section of
same, and Figure 1, section of the hopper H.
Now the steam or water with suitable pressure enters from the boiler or tank
at 22, its quantity being regulated by the stop cock 9 and passing through the
socket joint 8 at end of shaft 22 it proceeds through the hollow in shaft 23 to the
branches 4. 6. 7. 3 inserted in the knives. In order to control locally the quantity
of water or steam, each of these branches is fitted with stop cocks shown at 6 & 7.
Each of these branch pipes have perforations & for further uniform distribution
there may be a casing of cotton material around it. A section of this knife
blade is shown Figure 5. f is the face of the blade which presses against the clay.
b the back, the water passes from the pipe p through perforations (shown by dots
in knives 6 & 7 Fig. 4) to cotton casing c & oozes out through orifice o near edge
of knife & thence along the face where it effects the object of this invention so far
as the knives are concerned. A like provision is made for the lubrication of the
propeller blades & sc. The section of the pipes are respectively shown at 27
& 28.
LUBRICATION OF CYLINDER.
This is effected by steam or water entering at 12 under suitable pressure.
Thence it finds its way through the several branches as shown on Figure 2 &
Fig. 1 the branches being controlled by stop cocks 10, 11, 13, 14, 15. It then is
delivered through pipes 31 & 32 to the fixed blades or plates 1 & 2 where the
distribution is effected in a manner similar to the shaft (revolving) blades above
described. Fig. 3 shows how the pipe is curved to coincide with edge of blade at
either side of shaft.
Pipes 17, 16, convey the water to the surface of the hopper head H and 13 & 11

page_text: convey it to the cylinder C L. The cylinder & hopper head are lined with rings
of sheet iron or steel 21, overlapping each other as shown at 18, 18, 18, 18,
18, 18, 18, 18. Between these & the cylinder wooden staves W & cotton material B
are laid, the cotton next the sheet iron or steel. Chanuels are formed in the staves
to convey the water to the cotton which oozing out at 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18,
lubricates the interior surface of hopper head & cylinder.
The next improvement is the fixed plates shown at 1 & 2. They are set
contrariwise to the propeller blades, they prevent the clay's revolving with the
motion of propeller consolidate it & aid in giving it a forward motion whilst the
water or steam with which they are lubricated conduces to better adhesion of
the reunited parts thus effectually preventing "coring" or "lamination" in the
column of clay issuing from the die D. It will be understood that the said
plates 1 & 2 are inclined in the opposite direction at the bottom of the pug mill
similar to any ordinary propeller blade but being fixed at both ends.
Blade 2 is represented as having a bearing at the centre for shaft but this may
be dispensed with, as the plate at either side may be held in its place by the ends
only without any connection at the centre; and this .arrangement will suit best
for pug mills with the die at one side of shaft as we have found by experience at
Piltown brick works Youghal where a plate thus fixed is working with great
advantage since last February.
Instead of wooden staves described in the foregoing wire netting may be used
with the cotton material to allow the water to flow more freely to all parts of the
cotton or the interior surface of metal cylinder itself may have the required channels
for the water distribution.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, & in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The application of steam or water as a lubricant between the clay and interior
surface of pug mills for making brick tiles & such like (except the die portion) and
the surfaces of said pug mill blades & propellers in the manner substantially as
above explained, thereby saving considerable motive power hitherto wasted on
friction between said surfaces & said clay.
2. The addition to said pug mills of a plate or plates fixed with obliquity
contrariwise to the obliquity of the propeller blades, thus holding the clay against
the edge or edges of propeller blades and by its or their obliquity giving the said
clay a forward motion towards the die, substantially as above set forth.
Dated 18th day of November 1896.
D. DOYLE.
THOMAS FARRELL.