IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRINTING APPARATUS OF RAILWAY TELEGRAPHS.
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre Antoine Joseph Dujardin, of the Town of
Lille, France, Physician, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PRINTING APPARATUS OF RAILWAY TELEGRAPHS.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierre Antoine Josephi
Dujardin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 19th February 1859.
I, PIERRE ANTOINE JOSEPH DUJARDIN, of the Town of Lille, France,
Physician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRINTING APPARATUS OF RAILWAY TELEGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
My printing telegraph is illustrated by the annexed Drawing, which is a
front view of the receiving apparatus; it consists of two trains of wheelwork,
inclosed in the box A, B, C, D; they are brought into operation by the action
of two telegraph wires. One of these trains gives motion to the letter wheel
E, F, and the other to the printing roller X, Y; the wheel E, F, is very thin,
and the alphabetic letters or figures are cut through it. O, P, is a paper
ribbon, placed close behind the letter wheel, and upon which the dispatch is
printed; S, T, powerfull electro-magnets, actuated by a local galvanic battery,
the action of which is to put the printing roller X, Y, in contact with the
paper ribbon O, P, through the perforated letters of the wheel E, F, thereby
producing an impression of the said letters.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Pierre Antoine Joseph Dujardin in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th August 1859..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
ANTOINE JOSEPH DUJARDIN, of the Town of Lille, France, Physician, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Pierre Antoine Joseph Dujardin, Her special licence that I, the
said Pierre Antoine Joseph Dujardin, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Pierre Antoine Joseph Dujardin, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRINTING APPARATUS OF
RAILWAY TELEGRAPHS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Pierre Antoine Joseph Dujardin, my executors or administrators, by an
.instrument in writing under my or their, or one of their hands and seals,
-should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
.to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent. :
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Pierre Antoine Joseph Dujardin, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
.same is. to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained. in
and by the following statement:-
My Invention consists, first, of an apparatus conveying and printing
dispatches; second, of an apparatus receiving and printing dispatches.
The first apparatus, for conveying and printing, is represented Fig. 1, 2,
and 3 of the annexed Drawing. Its construction is precisely similar to the
conveying apparatus of the French railway dial telegraph, to which I have

page_text: added a printing organ. Fig. 1, side elevation; Fig. 2. plan, shewn from
over; Fig. 3, plan, from underneath. A, A, board or pole plate, supported
by four legs; B, B, dial, fixed upon the board A by means of four columns;
C, C, rotating shaft, perforated through its whole length; D, socket or ring,
fixed upon the board A to receive the lower end of the shaft C. The bottom
of the socket D is perforated, and a hole cut through the board A corresponds
to the perforation of D. E, E, and F, F, type wheels fitted on the shaft C
(a single type wheel might be used), the said wheels carry at their periphery
the 26 usual alphabetical types and an additional one in the form of a cross;
the types are arranged in an order the reverse of that of the letters ingraved
around the dial. G, G, support of the handle; it is composed of a ring fixed
on the shaft C and two end pieces, one of which hinges with the handle, the
other serves to guide it; H, H, handle; I, appendix to H; J, rod, hinged
with H, running through the shaft C, and hinged with lower horizontal rod N.
The rod J is composed of two partial rods standing over each other, end to
end, and maintained in their proper place by a piece of tube or ring fastened
to one of them. K, K, inking cylinder, which is covered over with woollen
cloth imbibed with oily ink; this cylinder is carried by a moveable bearing;
it is kept in contact by means of a spring with the type wheels, which thus
carry it along in their rotating motion by mere adhesion. L, paper roller,
round which a band or ribbon of paper is rolled up, which band follows the
direction shewn by arrows; M, shaft, revolving on two bearings carried by the
sole plate A, Fig. 1 and 3. The said shaft bears three branches or levers, one
of which N is horizontal, and hinges with the rod J; the other two branches
are vertical, one of them is directed upwards and the other downwards, the
former serves to bring the band of paper against the types by means of the
additional pieces O, P, Q, the last one of which slides between two guides
and carries a flannel cushion; whilst the upwards branch serves to pull
forward the band of paper after each letter has been printed through the
medium of the hooked piece R, pulled back by two helical springs, a clock-
work trundle S, and rollers T, U, between which the band of paper is engaged..
W, undulated grooved wheel, with thirteen undulations; X, lever, which
oscillates by the effect of the undulated groove, for the purpose of breaking
contact or interrupting the currents of electricity.
The dispatches are transmitted with this apparatus in the same manner as
with the apparatus used in the French railways. When the handle is stopped
above one of the letters of the dial, the operator presses upon it for the
purpose of causing its additional piece I to enter the corresponding notch, and
during this downwards motion the letter is printed.

page_text: When the operator ceases to press on the handle, it returns to its original
horizontal position by the action of a spring, not shewn on the Figures, and
during this ascending motion the paper ribbon progresses forward so as to
allow the next letter to be printed on it.
Figs. 4 and. 5 shew a modification of the apparatns just described. A, A,
sole plate; B, alphabetical dial; C, hollow rotating shaft; D, bridge piece,
carrying the lower end of the shaft C; E and F, bevel wheels of a same
diameter gearing with each other, the latter is fixed on the horizontal shaft G;
H, H, type-carrying wheel; I, support of the handle J; K, K, rod, composed
of two pieces standing over each other end to end, and traversing shaft C;
Linking cylinder; M, paper-carrying roller; N, N, horizontal shaft, moving
on two suitable bearings and carrying two branches, one of which is hori-
zontal, the other is vertical; the horizontal branch hinges with the rod K. The
lever O, P, similar to one of the keys or valves of a wind instrument, being
pressed upon at its extremity O by the horizontal branch, the end P of which
is provided with a flannel or india-rubber cushion, brings the paper ribbon in
contact with the types. The function of the vertical branch is to impell the
paper ribbon after the impression of each letter by means of the hooked rod
Q of the clockwork trundle Q and rollers S, T, through which the paper
ribbon is engaged. This apparatus is worked precisely as that which has
been already described.
The receiving and printing apparatus is represented on a scale of one-fourth
of its size, Fig. 6 and 7; Fig. 6 being a front elevation, and Fig 7 a plan.
A, A, sole plate; B, B, electro-magnet, fixed upon the plate A; C, C, soft
iron pieces, intended to bring the poles of the electro-magnets B, B, near cach
other. Two permanent magnets D and E are fixed upon the plate A, both
have their northern pole turned towards each other; D is bent once at a right
angle, and E is bent twice so as to form two right angles. F, soft iron finger,
oscillating at its ends between the two magnets D, E, and at the other end
-between the soft iron pieces C, C. The finger F, on account of its proximity
.to D. and E, becomes permanently magnetic; it is pulled by a spring towards
one of the iron pieces C; an escapement rod G is fixed on F. A clockwork
H, fixed upon the plate A, is provided with a thirteen-teeth ratchet escapement
wheel. I, letter wheel, through which all the alphabetical letters and a cross
sign are cut through all round; this wheel, made of a thin and pliable sheet of
'metal, is fixed on the shaft of the escapement wheel. Fig. 8 is the plan of
this letter wheel full size; J, roller, fitted on a rod carried by the shaft K,
moveable on the upright bearings L, L; the roller J is surrounded by an
india-rubber ring, or by any other similar soft substance. I the roller J

page_text: A small
printing hammer, because it prints by striking, as will be explained. M, Fig. 6,
larger roller, covered up with flannel charged with a suitable oily ink; a
spring brings constantly the roller M in contact with the printer J.
pinion is mounted on the shaft of J, which pinion gears with the rack N; the
hand lever O actuates the printing hammer, through the connecting rod P.
A lever Q, provided with a clockwork to its end, is impelled by the hand
lever O, its motion is thus communicated to the rollers R, S, causing the
paper ribbon to progress. T, bobbin, round which the paper ribbon is wound
up; U, stumpy piece, fixed upon the plate A, which I call anvil, because the
hammer strikes upon it to print the dispatches, the paper ribbon passing between
the letter wheel and the anvil.
The receiving apparatus is worked by a galvanic battery and one or the other
of the conveying apparatus above described; its function is to cause the letter
wheel to move round and to stop when the letter to be printed is opposite a
fixed point, which result is obtained by means of the vibrations of the finger
E, the attendant receiving the dispatches causes them to be printed in the
following manner :-Each time he hears the letter wheel stopping, he should
press the lever O, the printing hammer drops then down quickly, striking
upon the letter wheel, causing it to yield, and bringing it in contact with the
paper. ribbon. The ring of india-rubber or other soft material surrounding the
hammer being impregnated with oily ink, which it receives from the roller M
as it ascends, then enters all the hollow portions of the letter it strikes upon
and transmits its impression to the band of paper underneath. As soon as
the letter is printed, the hammer reascends by the action of a spring placed
under the lever O; the lever Q being impelled by the lever O, causes the paper
ribbon to advance after the impression of each letter.
Two concentric sets of alphabetical letters can be cut through the letter
wheel, so as to print at once two copies of each dispatch, which may some-
times prove advantageous.
Fig. 9 shows a modification of the receiving apparatus just described; it is
similar to the dial receiving apparatus in actual use in the French railways, to
.which I have added a printing organ, working, as already described, partly by the
impulse of the apparatus itself and partly with the help of the attendant entrusted
with the receipt of the dispatches. A, A, sole plate of the dial receiving apparatus,
from which the dial and hand have been removed; B, type wheel, made of
aluminum, used in lieu of the hand; C, ink cylinder, acting by its own
weight upon the periphery of the type wheel; D, paper bobbin, round which the
paper ribbon E, E, is wound up; F, G, rollers, causing the paper ribbon to
progress; the said rollers are actuated by a similar contrivance, as previously

page_text: :
described. H, H, rod, provided with india-rubber or any other similar
substance at its upper end; the paper is brought in contact with the types by
the action of the rod H, which is driven up by the lever I, the same lever
causing the rollers F, G, to move by means of the pieces J, K, L.
This receiving and printing apparatus works as the preceding one. Each
time the receiving attendant hears the type wheel stopping, he should bear
upon the lever I, the rod H is thus brought up, causing the letter to be
printed. The impression having taken place, the rod II moves back and
downwards by the action of the spring M, and the band of paper advances a
.suitable distance, so as to allow the next letter to be printed in its proper
place.
Two type wheels can be placed near each other on the same shaft, by which
means two copies of the dispatch may be printed, as in the case with the
.conveying and printing apparatus represented Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
In telegraphic stations, where several apparatus work at the same time, in
which case the noise caused by the motion of each of them might be easily
mistaken, and cause some confusion to the attendants, each receiving
apparatus should be provided with an india-rubber tube, enlarged and trumpet
shaped at its extremity, so as to serve as an acoustic trumpet, which the
'attendant should place near his ear during the reception of dispatches for the
purpose of hearing distinctly the noise of his own apparatus.
To resume, my Invention comprises two apparatuses :-
First, an apparatus for transmitting and printing the dispatches at once,
the novelty of which consists in the addition of a printing organ to a well
known conveying organ, by means of which the conveyed dispatches being
registered, this apparatus can be verified; such an apparatus is represented in
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the annexed Drawing.
Second, an apparatus for receiving and printing the dispatches, the novelty
of which consists, 1st, in a disposition which restrains the action of the
électro-magnetic fluid to the preparation only of the impression of the letters,
by causing a letter or type wheel partially to rotate or to stop at the proper
place, obliging the receiving attendant himself to concur in the printing of the
letters of the dispatch, or a band of paper by means of a lever, which at the
.same time causes the band of paper to progress; 2nd, the use of a letter
wheel made of thin sheet of metal, through which the alphabetical letters aro
cut all round; 3rd, using a hammer of a particular kind, surrounded by a ring
of india-rubber or any suitable soft substance, provided with suitable ink at its
periphery, and performing the operation of printing by striking through the
hollow letters of the wheel on a paper ribbon placed underneath the said

page_text: wheel, in the manner or substantially in the manner herein-before described,
as represented in the annexed Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierre Antoine Joseph Dujardin, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of August, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Signed and sealed in the presence of
L. D'AUBREVILLE, C.E.,
P. A. J. DUJARDIN. (L.B.)
60, Boulev. de Strasbourg,
Paris.