Treatment of Press and Extraction Residues of Oil Manufacture for Obtaining Valuable Products therefrom.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Jan., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 9th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 29th Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Treatment of Press and Extraction Residues of Oil Manufacture for
Obtaining Valuable Products therefrom.
I, HUGO NOERDLINGER, of Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, Germany, Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
It is well known that the residues of oil manufacture are rich in fatty matters,
protein compounds and hydrocarbons and consequently meet with extended application
as horse and cattle food. These residues, namely the oil cakes as also the oil cake
meals, are obtained as bye products in the production of oils, and at present enter at
once into commerce in the form in which they leave the presses or extracting
machinery. An improving operation does not occur, and it is consequently not
possible to utilize the great wealth of nutritious elements contained in these residues
for other alimentary purposes than for horse and cattle food, as the mixture of mealy
and branny substances saturated with rancid oil, though suited for cattle, is not suited
for human food.
The fat contained in the residues consists, according to investigations made by me;
With Rape seed cake, of about 10 per cent. free acid
Palm nut cake
14
"
"
"
"
Cocoa nut cake
"
"
16+
"
"
Earth nut cake
18
"
"
"
"
Sesame cake
41
"3
"
"3
"
"
Poppy seed cake
51
وو
"
"
and the high percentage of acid in these products on the one hand, and the mechanical
constitution thereof on the other hand, are the cause of their unsuitability as food.
If on the other hand these residues, after having been used for the oil production
are, according to my present invention, subjected to a chemical and a mechanical
treatment, it is possible to obtain from them various valuable substances.
The chemical treatment is not absolutely necessary in the case of residues from
which the fat has been more or less completely extracted, as the free fatty acids,
which cause the bad flavour, are not contained in such meals; it must, on the other
hand, be used in the case of fatty residues, whether from pressing or from extracting
processes.
Such treatment consists in an extraction by means of alcohol; the alcobol may be
of from 50 to 100 per cent. strength; in employing strong alcohol, less sugar is
dissolved than with weaker alcohol; if only saccharine compound is to be obtained,
the extraction may be effected with water only, or with water and steam combined.
The alcohol extracts from the residues mainly the free fatty acids, some neutral fats
and raw sugar syrups; the treatment with water is effected for obtaining raw sugar
syrups.
If fat and raw sugar syrups are simultaneously extracted, they can be readily
separated after removal of the solvent, as the raw sugar syrup sinks to the bottom,
while the fatty constituents swim on top.
The latter can be used, for example, in the manufacture of soap, while the raw
sugar syrups can be used for the manufacture of sugar, or of saccharine preparations,
or for fermenting purposes.
The extraction residues only yield to the alcohol a portion of their fats, principally
the free fatty acids, and according to the duration of the extraction, it is possible to
extract the sugar entirely or only partially.
TUL L
meal exceedingly rich in nitrogenous

page_text: treatment is of shorter duration a product is obtained rich in nitrogen, fat, and
hydrocarbons, which is of good flavour.
The mechanical treatment consists in reducing the residues according to the
principles of milling, and sorting the same according to the size of the granules,
whereby there are obtained coarse grained bran-like particles of indifferent flavour,
together with fine-grained meal of good flavour.
The meals consist, of course, of the inner particles of the fruit, the bran, fruit
cuticles, particles of husks &c. These meals contain about 50 per cent. of protein
compounds &c.; the bran serves as cattle food. &c.
The mechanical treatment is best effected after the chemical treatment, but it can
also precede the same.
1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Treatment of Press and Extraction Residues of Oil Manufacture for
Obtaining Valuable Products therefrom.
I, HUGO NOERDLINGER, of Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, Germany, Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
It is well known that the residues of oil manufacture are rich in fatty matters,
protein compounds and hydrocarbons and consequently meet with extended application
as horse and cattle food.
These residues, namely the oil cakes as also the oil cake meals, are obtained as bye
products in the production of oils, and at present enter at once into commerce in the
form in which they leave the presses or extracting machinery. An improving
operation does not occur, and it is consequently not possible to utilize the great wealth
of nutritious elements contained in these residues for other alimentary purposes than
for horse and cattle food, as the mixture of mealy and branny substances saturated
with rancid oil, though suited for cattle is not suited for human food.
The fat contained in the residues consists according to investigations made by me:
With Rape seed cake, of about 10 per cent. free acid
"
Palm nut cake
14
"
"
"
"
Cocoa nut cake
"
16专
"
"
"
Earth nut cake
18
"
"
"
Sesame cake
41
"
"
"
"
"
Poppy seed cake
51
"
"
"
and the high percentage of acid in these products on the one hand, and the mechanical
constitution thereof on the other hand, are the cause of their unsuitability as food.
If on the other hand these residues, after having been used for the oil production
are, according to my present invention, subjected to a chemical and a mechanical
treatment, it is possible to obtain from them various valuable substances.
The chemical treatment is not absolutely necessary in the case of residues from
which the fat has been more or less completely extracted, as the free fatty acids,
which cause the bad flavour, are not contained in such meals; it must, on the other
hand, he used in the case of fatty residues, whether from pressing or from extracting
processes.
Such treatment consists in an extraction by means of alcohol; the alcohol may be
of from about 50 to 100 per cent. strength, in employing strong alcohol, less sugar
is dissolved than with weaker alcohol, if only saccharine compound is to be obtained,
the extraction may be effected with water only, or with water and steam combined.
The alcohol extracts from the residues mainly the free fatty acids, some neutral fats
and raw sugar syrups; the treatment with water is effected for obtaining raw sugar

page_text: syrups. After the residues are extracted with alcohol or with water they can be dried
and sterilized by steam or by dry heat etc.
If fat and raw sugar syrups are simultaneously extracted, they can be readily
separated after removal of the solvent, as the raw sugar syrup sinks to the bottom,
while the fatty constituents swim on top.
The latter can be used, for example, in the manufacture of soap, while the raw
sugar syrups can be used for the manufacture of sugar, or of saccharine preparations
or they may be fermented and then distilled. The residues may also be fermented
while containing the saccharine matter and be then subject to a distilling process.
The extraction residues only yield to the alcohol a portion of their fats, principally
the free fatty acids, and, according to the duration of the extraction, it is possible to
extract the sugar entirely or only partially.
With the complete extraction of the sugar, a meal exceedingly rich in nitrogenous
constituents (suitable for those suffering from diabetes) is obtained; when the
treatment is of shorter duration a product is obtained rich in nitrogen, fat, and
hydrocarbons, which is of good flavour.
The mechanical treatment consists in reducing the residues according to the
principles of milling, and sorting the same according to the size of the granules,
whereby there are obtained coarse grained bran-like particles of indifferent flavor
together with fine grained meal of good flavor.
The meals consist, of course, of the inner particles of the fruit, the bran, fruit
cuticles, particles of husks &c. These meals contain about 50 per cent. of protein
compounds &c., the bran serves as cattle food.
The mechanical treatment is best effected after the chemical treatment, but it can
also precede the same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The treatment of press and extraction residues of oil manufacture, for the
production of edible meal therefrom, by treatment with alcohol for removal of the
fatty acids, and separation of the product by crushing and sorting according to size,
into meal-like and bran-like constituents, with or without bye products consisting of
raw sugar syrup, fats, fatty acids and bran, substantially as described.
2. The treatment of the residues of oil manufacture from which the fats have been
removed for the production of edible meal and coarse bran therefrom, by reducing
the same by crushing and subsequent sorting according to size of the particles,
substantially as described.
3. The treatment of the residues of oil manufacture for the production of raw
sugar syrups and crystallised sugar, by extracting the residues by means of alcohol or
aqueous liquids and subsequent removal of the solvent or crystallisation substantially
as described.
4. The treatment of the residues of oil manufacture for the production of fermented
liquids, by fermenting either the saccharine solutions referred to above or the
residues containing the saccharine matter, and then subjecting the product to
distillation substantially as described.
Dated this 9th day of October 1890
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.