IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER-COCKS OR HYDRANTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st May 1866.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsinan, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
WATER-COCKS OR HYDRANTS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct water-cocks or hydrants in a
very simple and economical manner, and to work the valves in such a way
that the several working parts will not be so liable to derangement as the
valves and other working parts of water-cocks and hydrants now made. To
this end the box or casing of the cock or hydrant is made of cast iron in one
or two pieces which are connected together by bolts. The valve is, by pre-
ference, of a circular form, and is made with an india-rubber or leather
ГД... 071

page_text: packing which fits against a ground'seat. The valve is secured to the lower
end of a long stem or vertical rod which passes through a stuffing box so
as to form a perfectly water-tight packing, and extends from the hydrant
or cock which is enclosed in a chamber below the ground up to the level
of the ground or above.
In order to admit of the action of the valve being adjusted to any desired
extent the valve stem is made in two parts which are to be connected
together by a screw union or other equivalent mechanical device so that
the length of the stem may be regulated at pleasure. To the upper end
of the valve stem is adapted a hand lever whereby it may be raised or
lowered for the purpose of opening and closing the face valve at the lower
end of the stem. To facilitate the action of the parts, and in order to keep
the valve down on its seat when not required to be maintained in an open
position, a weighted lever or levers is or are adapted to the upper end of
the stem of the valve, and acts as a counterbalance.
In order to open the valve it may be made either to rise from its seat or
to fall from its seat according to the mode of constructing the internal parts
of the cock or hydrant, but under all circumstances the valve when shut
will be kept in place by the counterbalance or weighted lever or levers.
Instead of a hand lever for working the valve a pedal lever or treadle
may be used, or the stem may be moved up and down by a cord, chain, or
rod if the cock or hydrant be inconveniently placed for working direct with
a hand lever. Any convenient number of orifices may be made in the exit
pipe or chamber to receive a corresponding number of nozzles or jet pieces,
and if required filtering diaphragms or screens may be placed inside the
casing to prevent extraneous matters from obtaining access to the valve
chamber and stopping up the valve opening, or otherwise deranging the
apparatus. Suitable openings must of course be made in the sides of the
casing in order to obtain access to the filtering diaphragms or screens so
as to clean the same when required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th November 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henry Edward Newton, Her special licence that I, the said Henry
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such other's
as I, the said Henry Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER-COCKS OR
HYDRANTS," being a communication to me from abroad by Jean Baptistė
Denans, of the Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris, in the Empire of France,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Edward Newton,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands, and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within. six. calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
1
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner, the: same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures. marked thereon, (that is to say)
The object of this: Invention is to construct water-cocks or hydrants in a
very simple and economical manner, and to work. the valves in such a way
that the several working parts will not be so liable to derangement as the
valves and other working parts of water-cocks and hydrants as now made;
to this end the box or casing of the cock or hydrant is made of cast iron in
one or two pieces which are connected together by bolts. The valve is, by
preference, of a circular form and is made with an india-rubber or leather
packing which fits against a ground seat. The valve is secured to the lower
end of a long stem or vertical rod which passes through a stuffing box so as
to form a perfectly water-tight packing, and extends from the hydrant or
cock which is enclosed in a chamber below the ground up to the level of the
ground or above.
%
In order to admit of the action of the valve being adjusted to any. desired

page_text: extent the valve stem is made in two parts which are to be connected
together by a screw union or other equivalent mechanical device, so that the
length of the stem may be regulated at pleasure. To the upper end of the
valve stem is adapted a hand lever whereby it may be raised or lowered for
the purpose of opening or closing the face valve at the lower end of the stem.
To facilitate the action of the parts, and in order to keep the valve down on
its seat when not required to be maintained in an open position, a weighted
lever or levers is or are adapted to the upper end of the stem of the valve,
and acts as a counterbalance.
In order to open the valve it may be made either to rise from its seat or to
fall from its seat according to the mode of constructing the internal parts of
the cock or hydrant, but under all circumstances the valve when shut will be
kept in place by the counterbalance or weighted lever or levers.
Instead of a hand lever for working the valve a pedal, lever, or treadle
may be used, or the stem may be moved up and down by a cord, chain, or
rod if the cock or hydrant be inconveniently placed for working direct with a
hand lever. Any convenient number of orifices may be made in the exit pipe
or chamber to receive a corresponding number of nozzles or jet pieces, and if
required filtering diaphragms or screens may be placed inside the casing to
prevent extraneous matters from obtaining access to the valve chamber and
stopping up the valve opening or otherwise deranging the apparatus. Suitable
openings must of course be made in the sides of the casing in order to obtain
access to the filtering diaphragms or screens so as to clean the same when
required.
.
The supply of water to towns from canals or aqueducts is generally effected
by means of hydrants which can be turned on at pleasure; these hydrants
offer the advantage of only giving out the quantity of water required at the
'moment, which is very important especially in times of drought.
The inconveniences attending the apparatus hitherto employed arise more
especially from the rapid wear of the springs or boxes of the cocks intended
to open and close the waterways, and also the difficulty which is experienced
in working a box cock. of large diameter; moreover, during winter the
freezing of the liquid contained in the pipe often causes it to burst, and the
water in escaping causes damages which it is found expensive to repair.
These evils are obviated, according to the present Invention, by sinking into
the ground a pipe or water box .cast in two pieces, and which is intended to
receive a valve furnished with a conducting rod acted upon by a double
counterweight lever which closes the valve upon its seat in a vertical direction.
The arrangement of these levers is such that their wear is inappreciable even

page_text: after having been used for several years, and does not affect the working
of the apparatus.
Valves have been before employed for this purpose, but hitherto they
have not been made to fall plumb upon their seats; in fact, it is not only
necessary that the rod which works them should be perfectly guided, but
also that the' effort which tends to apply then to their seats shall act in a
line at right angles to the plane of the valve plate; this result is obtained
by means of the double counterweight lever, hereafter described. This
arrangement of hydrant also allows of the water being filtered at an eleva-
tion, that is to say, after having passed through the valve. A special
arrangement allows of the flowing off of the liquids exposed to frost and
heat as soon as the valve has closed upon its seat which avoids all rupture
of the conducting pipe. The double counterweight lever also neutralises
the effect of the shock caused by the sudden closing of the waterway.
I would here remark that the improvements herein described are equally
applicable to cocks and hydrants of all descriptions, whatever may be their
dimensions, these arrangements allowing of the supply and flow being
regulated at pleasure.
I will now proceed to describe successively the different parts of this
Invention and the various applications of which it is susceptible, reference
being liad to the accompanying Drawings, in which similar letters, of
reference are marked upon corresponding parts
of s
It will be understood that in all these apparatus the relative dimensions
of the various parts are optional, and depend solely upon,, first, the pressure
or load of the column of water; second, the volume of water to be obtained
Jimited or arrested; third, the depths at which the water is to be kept below
the ground; and, fourth, the length to be given to the levers in order to
diminish or augment their power.
4
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Fig. 1, Sheet I., represents an arrangement of hydrant complete, in which,
the levers and valves are represented in the closed position. A is the flanged
water supply pipe; B, a cylindrical passage with ribs or rings on, its
periphery; C is the flanged pipe for the upward escape of the water at D
through an orifice made in the side; E are pieces of iron or bronze fixed, to
the rod by screws E', and following its upward and downward motions (that
is to say) closing the orifice D, when the water escapes and leaving the said
orifice open as soon as the flow ceases, the stopper E" is compressible. The
effect of this arrangement is to empty or run off underground the water from
the ascending column and thus avoid the freezing and heating of the water.
F is a stuffing box made of zinc; G is the valve rod acted upon by the

page_text: levers; His the valve or stopper with a plate of leather or india-rubber H
which is forced into a groove in the valve; I, I', are guides for the rod G
J, J, are steel screws by which the upper part of the rod is fixed to the lower
part, and thus facilitating the regulation of the opening of the valve; K is a
lever of the first order provided with a counterweight L; M is a pressing
lever for applying the pressure necessary for opening the valve which is
effected by pressing down the handle M, which is capable of removal by
unscrewing it at M" when it is required to stop the working of the hydrant;
N, N¹, are bolts and a collar for fastening the bottom of the box; O is the
casing of the apparatus; all the working parts are fixed to the bottom of the
casing; P, P¹, are bolts fastening the water box to the foundation plate
which is fastened to the bed plate or slab by bolts Q. Fig. 1 represents
the levers and valve in the position they would assume with the valve open.
Fig. 2 represents an arrangement in which the working parts are essen-
tially, the same as in the preceding Figure, except that the lever K is double
and the counterweight is common to both. arms. The simultaneous action of
these arms insures perpendicularity to the up-and-down motion of the valve
rod, and thus by avoiding friction and wear a tight packing is obtained;
Fig: 2 shows the position of the levers and valve when this latter is open.
Fig. 3 represents another arrangement in which the working levers are
mounted upon a column A. bolted at B, B, to a semicircular band C.cast
on the body opposite to the exit orifice D, on which are also cast pipes E, E¹,
for irrigation or other purposes.. Fig. 3 shews the position of the levers
and valve when open.
:
Fig. 4. shews another arrangement in which the lever K is acted upon by
the pressure of the foot of a person upon the step or pedal B through a
systein of jointed levers C, C1, C, C; the step B is hinged at D. This
arrangement, which will be found very convenient in many cases, may also
be applied to waterclosets. Fig. 4b shews in front elevation the position
of the parts when the valve is open.
Fig. 5 shews another arrangement in which the action is transmitted
through double crossed levers, Fig. 5 representing the parts with the valve
open.
Fig. 6 represents another arrangement in which the opening of the valve
is effected through the action either backwards or forwards of the forked
cam A, B, upon the double inclined piece at the top of the rod C; Fig. 6b
shews the same with the valve open...
Fig. 7 shews: an arrangement in which the disposition and action of the
levers are such as to effect the raising of the rod and its valve from its seat,

page_text: the arrangement and action being the reverse of that shewn in the preceding
Figures. The two parts of the box are fastened together by means of flanges
and bolts. A filtering plate A is provided near the exit orifice and also a
pipe B below for the purpose of cleansing and expelling the refuse. Fig. 7bis.
shews the same with the valve open.
Fig. 8 shews an arrangement in which the levers are disposed in the
same manner as in Fig. 2. The water enters at A upon the valve and flows
off at B. Fig. 8bis shews the same with the valve open.
In Fig. 9 the arrangement of the box and valve is the same as in Fig. 7,
the raising of the valve being effected by a set of jointed levers. Fig. 9 bis
shews the parts with the valve open.
The three arrangements.shewn in Figures 7. 8, and 9 have for their object
to neutralize the shocks consequent upon the sudden closing of the exit orifice,
which shocks prove injurious to the pipes and the joints when the pressure of
the water is considerable. This effect is obtained by proportioning the weight
of the counterweights to the weight of the water or its pressure to the diameter
of the feed pipes, and to that of the valve orifice, the closing of this latter
taking place at the proper moment the shock produces its effect instan-
taneously against the surface, causing several opening movements which are
sufficient to neutralize injurious shocks, at the same time that very little water
is allowed to escape.
"
In all the preceding applications the form, number, and dimensions of the
levers may be varied, whether they act directly upon the valve rod or outside
upon pins, rollers, or other means of transmitting their motion. In all these
applications also the rod is divided into two parts, the lower part being
introduced into the upper in order to limit or regulate at pleasure the course
of the valve and allow of its.introduction into the compartments; this regú-
lation of the valve is insured by means of keys, adjusting screws, or bridle
pieces and bolts.
Having thus described different arrangements of levers which form the
subject of this Invention, I will proceed to give an explanation of Figures 10,
11, and 12, which representvarious forms of boxes, all, however, characterized
by this fact, that they are cast in two parts, one of which constitutes the box
proper carrying its pipes, openings, and valve-seat, the other forming simply
the bottom, and being bolted to the upper part. This arrangement of box
has the advantage of being very economical both as to construction and
placing in position, and also affords great facilities for cleaning and keeping
in order.
The five examples shewn at Figures 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8 are all constructed

page_text: upon the same principle, and only differ from each other in the position of
their induction and eduction water pipes.
Figures 10, 11, and 12 shew special arrangements of boxes adapted to
boxes of small dimensions, double hydrants, and water supply fountains.
Figures 13, 14, 15, and 16 represent on a larger scale some of the pre-
ceding arrangements, to which are adapted arrangements allowing of the
filtering of the water.
In Fig. 10 the water box is made in two distinct compartments A, A', for
receiving and distributing the water in order to render the feed and supply cf
the water independent of each other. Pipes C, C, are disposed at the side,
and may be augmented in number at pleasure; all the constituent parts of
the box proper and the bottom are bolted together. The working parts are
mounted on a central column or pillar bolted to the top of the box or casing;
the application of this apparatus will be found particularly useful where space
is an object or where there are a great many inhabitants. Fig. 10s shews a
front view of the box with one action and the valve open.
Fig. 11 shews an arrangement of apparatus applicable to pipes for the
supply of water. The supply is regulated by the graduated pressure put upon
the rod N, whether the flow out takes place above or below the valve. In
the former case the weight of the counterweights and their distance from the
centre of gravity are subordinate to the pressure of the water up to the point
when the apparatus is employed in such manner as only to obtain the com-
plete closing of the valve with heavy pressure of water so that the shock shall
have no injurious effects upon the pipes and joints.
T
The system of closing by means of a valve worked by a rod passing through
a stuffing box which prevents the escape of water possesses over sliding clack
or plug valves worked by a screw the following advantages:-First, the
working of it is always easy; second, the apparatus is always firm; third, the
closing is either limited or perfect; fourth, sticking or oxidation are avoided;
fifth, the opening or closing of the valve is obtained simply by means of the
rod and lever N, the regulating pin M, and the click O, according to the
difficulties presented in setting up the apparatus and the depth to which it is
required to sink it.. Valves or openings may also be provided at the sides in
order to obtain facilities for cleaning and supply. Fig. 11 bis represents this
apparatus with the valve open.
Figures 12 and 12b represent an arrangement in which it will be seen
that in order to filter the water a plate A is cast with the casing, which plate
is afterwards perforated by a drilling apparatus with holes of a diameter
sufficiently small to retain the filtering matters. In the centre of the plate is

page_text: a hole of larger diameter through which the valve rod works; there is also
on the top of the exit pipe D,and fixed in the joint a perforated metal
plate B, having holes of the same size as the plate A, the space between
these two plates being intended to receive the filtering matters employed
to purify the water and retain the residuum.
The cleansing of the compartment thus formed is effected by means of
the aperture or manhole E which is kept closed by a cover and screw. D¹..
Several of these apertures might, if necessary, be made round the box in
order to clean it more perfectly and quickly. It will be seen that a metal
plate is fixed at C pierced with holes for preventing extraneous matters
from interfering with the action of the valve or getting between this
latter and its seat. An orifice F allows of cleaning the chamber under-
neath the grating C..
Figures 13 and 13 bis represent a modification of the preceding arrange-
ment, which also carries the fixed perforated plate A, the removeable per-
forated plate B, and a third plate C for preserving the valves: In this
apparatus, which is more simple in construction than the preceding, the
grating is simply interposed in the lower joint of the casing, the cleaning
of which is facilitated by means of apertures G and H suitably provided
for the purpose.
'
Figures 14 and 14 shew an arrangement when it is required to effect
the filtration of the water which flows in a section of pipe forming part of
a water conduit. The box which carries the valve is provided, like, the
preceding, with a plate A cast solid with the casing, and, afterwards per-
forated with holes for the passage of water and also of the valve rod. Two.
removeable perforated plates B and C, are also set in the joints for the same
purpose as in the preceding arrangements; openings K. and L are also
provided for running off and cleansing purposes. This novel arrangement
of exterior perforated plates has for its object to prevent the passage of any
extraneous matters through the conducting pipes.
Figures 16 and 15 bis shew the Invention applied to a screw tap in which
the plate A is first cast solid and afterwards perforated by any suitable means;
this arrangement allows of filtering media being placed between the valve and
the opening for the outflow of water..
Fig. 16 represents an improved arrangement of the apparatus represented
at Figures 12 and 12 bis with the view of avoiding the too violent outflow of
water when the valve is entirely lowered. The three ribs upon which the
perforated plate for arresting impurities was fixed are replaced by a circular
rim 6 which forms a seat for the valve. When pressure is applied
'

page_text: to this latter in order to force it to the bottom of its course it bears upon
this seat and prevents the passage of water in the same way as if it bore
upon the upper seat.
In order to put the valve in place the joint of the box is ate and forms one
piece with its bottom; the box thus modified is therefore always made in two
pieces, only the perforated plate is cast therewith. The valve is arranged as
seen in the Drawing so as to form a water-tight joint at top and bottom.
Figures 17 and 17 bis represent a kind of water-box constructed with the
object of obtaining perfect filtration by forcing the liquid to penetrate
throughout all parts of the filtering matters which are placed in a perforated
receiver p inside; also, in order to draw the liquid into all the points of
this space and force it to pass through the filtering matters in all directions
the box h carries at its upper part four orifices e, e¹, el, el, for the passage
of water set at equal distances apart.
It will be understood on inspecting the Figure that the water in dividing
in order to pass at once through these four passages is obliged to pass through
the different parts of the filtering matters, and is thus more completely
deprived of the impurities which it contains. These four pipes e, e¹, ell, e111,
are united, in a single pipe which conducts the water out of the apparatus
and is fastened on to the hydrant. In order to facilitate the renewal of the
filtering matters, the upper part of the box is constructed in two parts and
united by the joint g. It is only necessary to undo this joint g and slide the
cup upon the valve rod in order to withdraw the receiver p and change the
filtering matter; this operation is not, however, required to be very frequently
performed, as by a special arrangement the filtering material is washed at
each evacuation of the water. It will be seen on referring to the Figure
that all that part which surrounds the valve forms a double casing, and is
separated from the receiver which contains the filtering matters by a per-
forated plate; the result of this arrangement is that at the moment when the
valveris,closed the quantity of water which is below the filtering matter
re-descends through this latter and carries down the impurities which it had
in ascending carried up the mouths of the pipes e, e¹, e", e, into the annular
chamber i, passing through the perforations of the plate k, and running off
freely to the outside through the perforations 1. Moreover, at the moment
of opening the valve the pressure which is established in the capacity i causes
the expulsion of the residuum; for this purpose perforations might be made
for establishing a direct communication between the chamber i and the exit
pipe at the moment of opening the valve. The impurities may be removed
when necessary from the compartment i through openings m closed by
薄

page_text: stoppers n which are tightened up by means of screws o. At the extremity
of each of the four pipes e, e¹, ell, ell, is a perforated plate for the purpose of
preventing the carrying upwards of the filtering matters
In order to keep the stoppers n in place instead of the pressing screws o
they may be provided with a hook which is engaged in any suitable fastening
on the casing. The pressure of the screw is sufficient. to keep the whole in
place, and when the chamber i is required to be cleaned it is only necessary
to unscrew the screw and remove the pads or stoppers n which close the
orifices.
*
Figures 18 and 18bie shew an arrangement intended to be used as a cock
for pipes of small dimensions, and is particularly applicable for kitchens and
other apartments. It may also be placed above or under ground, and either
visible or out of sight. Motion is transmitted to the lever a or rod 6 either
direct or through bell-crank levers, and the jet may be lengthened by means
of pipes so as to conduct the water to a greater or less distance. This cock
is arranged so as to stop, the flow of water in too great abundance when the
valve is pushed down.to the bottom of its stroke; in fact, where the pressure
is considerable, water coming from a very high reservoir might spring from
the vessel placed under the cock to receive it, and which would thus never
become filled. In order to remedy this the cock is constructed in such manner
that the valve a is situated between two seats b, c, the result of which
arrangement is that the valve a on being pressed down to the bottom of its
course the leather or india-rubber washer which it carries bears upon the
upper edge of the hollow cone c, through which the water. flows and pro-
duces a water-tight joint as well as when it bears upon the upper seat bl
The valve a has upon each of its faces a conical projection d, d, which
serves to facilitate the movement of the water which before entering the box
passes through a shell in the form of a cone pierced with holes intended to
arrest the impurities in the liquid, and prevent them from entering between
the valve a and the seats b and c. Two standards e, e, furnished with
mortises support the levers which have their fulcra therein; these standards
have a horizontal arm h at top, on which is mounted the lever intended to
act upon the valve rod k, the extremity of which enters a tube / fixed on the
extremity of the arm h, and receives its action from a small vertical rod m
having a milled head or button at top.
It will be here observed that this arrangement has for its object to obtain
a continuous instead of an intermittent jet of water, and to enable the 'supply
to be regulated at pleasure; for this purpose inside the tube is a hollow
screwed.rod n, inside which, the rod m works. It will be seen by referring

page_text: 2
to the Drawing that on turning the screw n by means of the milled head at
top the rod m will be depressed upon the lever j and the valve thereby
opened; by this means the flow will be continuous and may be regulated
with great precision. By turning the screw n still further the valve may be
depressed on to its lower seat and the cock kept closed in that position.
This arrangement for obtaining a continuous flow will be found of great utility,
especially where the flow is required to be of long duration, as it avoids the
necessity for keeping up the pressure on the button of the rod m, which is
very convenient when cleansing gutters, filling baths, or such like purposes.
In order to bring the valve back upon its upper seat an arrangement of
counterweights o is employed consisting of a heavy ring or drum of metal
which surrounds the apparatus, and which is suspended from two rods at
the extremities of the levers p jointed to the standards e and acting upon
the rod k, in the boss g of which they enter to a certain extent.
Another arrangement of the same cock is represented at Figures 19
and 19bs, in which instead of the annular counterweight two coiled springs r,r',
are employed enclosed in casings q, q', cast at each side of the box.
**Instead of the pressing lever j (Figures 18 and 19) a hand lever might be
employed jointed directly to a projection on one of the standards e.
The mode of construction of the lower part of the cock is shewn at Figures
18, 18, 19, and 19bis. The screwed socket u is disposed in such manner as
to effect a double joint by means of two india-rubber washers v, x, the
washer vabutting against the plain ring c of the perforated cone, and the
washer against the lower part of the box. The screwed socket u is disposed
in such manner as to screw into and form the means of attachment to the
water pipe; the orifice y is also tapped so as to receive either a nozzle z or a
pipe.
In order to protect the mechanism from injury the cock is generally
enclosed in a metal casing of any suitable form, and more or less ornamental
according to fancy or the purpose for which it is intended to be employed. A
casing of this kind is shewn at s, Fig. 19, cast in two parts.
Having now described this Invention of "Improvements in the Construction
of Water-cocks or Hydrants," and having explained the manner of carrying
"the same into effect, I desire it to be understood that under the above in
part recited Letters Patent, I claim,―
13
First, the employment (as a means of closing cocks or hydrants) of a valve
furnished with a conducting rod acted upon by a double counterweight lever
which causes it to close upon its seat in a perfectly vertical direction, whereby
the wear is rendered inappreciable, or at any rate without effect upon.the

page_text: working of the apparatus, and which arrangement also has the effect of
neutralizing sudden shocks.
Secondly, I claim the arrangement herein shewn, and described of water-
boxes cast in two pieces, one of which contains the valve seat, the induction
and eduction pipes, the orifices for cleaning purposes, and the stuffing box for
the valve rod, and the other is composed of a plate which forms the bottom of
the box, and carries the bolts for fastening up the apparatus if necessary.
Thirdly, the arrangements, above shewn and described, by which the water
may be filtered while rising into the hydrant, and which consist in casting a
plate above the valve seat, which plate is afterwards perforated and allows of
filtering matters being introduced.
Fourthly, the arrangement of valves with double seats which allows the
speed of the outflow and consequently the supply of liquid to be regulated.
Fifthly, the application of the arrangements, above shewn and described,
to water mains, and also to taps or cocks of small dimensions.
Sixthly, the arrangement or construction of cocks with valves, as above
shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-sixth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
H. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)