matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED VENTILATING SHAFT OR CHIMNEY
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Altona Binney at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December 1882.
FREDERICK ALTONA BINNEY of Elcho Road Bowdon in the County of Chester,
[Cheshire] Patent Agent, "AN IMPROVED VENTILATING SHAFT OR CHIMNEY
"
I construct a ventilating shaft or chimney of an angular shape having 3 or
more sides, by preference 6 or 8 and I make narrow (vertical) openings or slits
into the shaft or chimney and parallel thereto for the admission of air by preference
at 4 or more of the angles such slits being by preference about 1 foot from the top
of the shaft. In order to guide the current of air so that it may enter these
openings I have curved shields or metal plates projecting from the outerside of
these vertical slits parallel with the main shaft so as to catch the current of air
which is then forced between such plate or shield and the side of the shaft or
chimney and is thus compressed as it enters the vertical slits.
In order to give an upward direction to the air thus entering these slits and
thereby ascend (when in the shaft or chimney) also to further guide and increase.
the air entering the shaft or chimney I have a projecting collar running round the
said shaft or chimney and joined to these projecting shields or plates above and
below and projecting round the shaft or chimney as far as the shields or plates do
and I cause the lower collar to be inclined upwards in the direction of each vertical
slit or opening.
By reversing the foregoing apparatus the air can be drawn downwards when
required for ventilating buildings sewers and other confined spaces.
The mode of construction of the foregoing apparatus enables a larger volume of
air to be compressed and injected into the shaft or chimney than any other existing
apparatus obtains.
IMPROVE- THREE MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO CYLINDER STEAM STEERING ENGINES AND IN PART TO LIKE ENGINES USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE MOTIVE POWER IS REQUIRED
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Watson Pattie and George
Washington Robertson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
2nd September 1882.
ALEXANDER WATSON PATTIE Engineer and GEORGE WASHINGTON ROBERTSON
Engineer both of Glasgow in the County of Lanark North Britain " IMPROVE-
THREE
MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO
CYLINDER STEAM STEERING ENGINES AND IN PART TO LIKE ENGINES USED
FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE MOTIVE POWER IS REQUIRED,"
This Invention relates to improvements in steam engines and it consists first as
regards improvements in three cylinder steam steering engines of a further
development of the invention for which the present applicants made application
for Letters Patent bearing date the 23rd day of May A.D. 1882. No 2424.
Instead of carrying the worm, gearing with the worm wheel, by which the chain
or rope barrel is actuated, on the crank shaft of the engine as described in the said
previous specification the said worm is formed with a sleeve or bearing at one side
by which it is supported in a bracket, the sleeve and bracket having corresponding
projections formed on them.
The crank shaft passes through the sleeve and worm to which it is connected by
a simple feather and groove and by this means the crank shaft is relieved of thrust
which is taken up by the sleeve and bracket.
The Invention relates secondly to improvements in three cylinder engines the
cylinders of which are arranged and constructed substantially as described in the
specification filed in pursuance of Letters Patent granted to George Washington
Robertson one of the present applicants bearing date the 5th day of April 1881
No 1472 and the improvement consists in connecting the said cylinders to a
condenser which may be the condenser of the ships main engine or a separate
condenser. This connection is effected by forming a passage, leading from that end
of the cylinder which is opposite the end at which steam is admitted, into the
blind trunnion that is the trunnion opposite the one in which the valves are
placed. From the said trunnion the passage is continued by a pipe into the
.
D

page_text: pipe through which the steam exhausting from the engine passes and thence to the
condenser.
A cock is or may also be provided by which the passage through the said
trunnion may be brought into communication with the atmosphere when desired.
The improvement constituting the second part of this Invention is applicable
to engines of the like class when used for other purposes where motive power is
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES DRESS BODICE FORMS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sarah Stott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1882. Partly communicated
to her from abroad by C. I. Haley of New York United States of America
and is partly the result of her own invention.
SARAH STOTT of Manchester in the County of Lancaster.
* IMPROVEMENTS
IN LADIES DRESS BODICE FORMS:' Partly communicated to me from abroad by
CI Haley of New York United States of America and partly the result of my
own invention.
The object of this invention is the manufacture of an article to be used by a
lady over the corset for improving the form or shape of the bodice of her dress and
also the appearance of her figure.
The article consists of two loose hollow hemisphers or convex frames made of
straw manilla or other similar material plaited or woven together into the desired
form or the same may be constructed of any other light substance and be cast or
moulded into the desired shape.
These frames are placed side by side within covers of muslin calico or any other
fabric and may be withdrawn therefrom for the purpose of washing the said
cover. Facility is also afforded by the covers for adjusting the width of the
article to suit various sized figures.
It will be obvious that these articles are designed to take the place of the padding
or other dress improvers hitherto used for filling out the dress bodice.
ADAPTING PENCIL CASES, PENHOLDERS, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, SO THAT THEY MAY BECOME CONVENIENT RECEPTACLES FOR, OR HOLDERS OF, POSTAGE STAMPS OR OTHER LIKE LABELS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Collard Augustus Drake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th November 1882.
COLLARD AUGUSTUS DRAKE, of 3 Bedford Square, London, in the County of
Middlesex ADAPTING PENCIL CASES, PENHOLDERS, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES,
SO THAT THEY MAY BECOME CONVENIENT RECEPTACLES FOR, OR HOLDERS OF,
POSTAGE STAMPS OR OTHER LIKE LABELS
My invention consists of a tube of metal or other suitable material somewhat
longer than the length of a postage stamp affixed concentrically to the outside of
the pencil case or penholder or other like article to be adapted to my invention,
so that it may revolve casily round it. This tube, which I call the Holder, must be
so much larger than the pencil case or penholder as to admit of a strip of about a dozen
(or more) stamps to lie easily between the pencil case or penholder and the aforesaid
tube or holder when rolled round the pencil case or penholder itself. This tube or
holder has an opening in it longitudinally of the length of a stamp, and in width
about one third of its own circumference. When fixed in its required position to
the pencil case or penholder, one end of the gummed surface of a strip of stamps is
wetted, and passed through the longitudinal opening in the holder until it touches
the surface of the pencil case or penholder, to which it is made to adhere by pressure,
and it is then wound round the pencil case or penholder by turning the same until.
the whole strip is contained within the holder or outside tube. When not required
for use, the pencil case or penholder is turned round until the end of the strip of
stamps is concealed within that part of the holder which has not been cut away to
make the longitudinal opening aforesaid. To use the invention the pencil case or
penbolder is turned round until the end of the last stamp appears at, or comes round
to, the opening in the holder, when it can be taken hold of and the strip of stamps
unrolled and as many stamps torn off for use as may be required. This tube or
holder may be covered with another tube fixed concentrically over it having a
longitudinal opening made in it corresponding to the opening previously described
in the holder. When not in use this outer tube is turned round the holder until
the opening in the holder is covered over. By this means the stamps are kept
clean.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SANITARY TROUGH CLOSETS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Holroyd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1882.
JAMES HOLROYD of Leeds in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SANITARY
TROUGH CLOSETS."
My invention has reference to the means employed for preventing accumulation
of excreta in the sanitary troughs or closets for which Letters Patent were granted
to Thomas Holroyd dated 17th day of July 1879 No. 2915. According to this
present invention I provide an outlet or suitable trap from the trough at a point
above the bottom thereof so that a few inches of water may be always allowed to
remain there for the purpose of preventing the excreta adhering to the bottom.
One end of the trough or closet is curved or inclined upwards so as to lead or direct
the material to the outlet or trap.
In combination with the above arrangements I cause at suitable times water to
be discharged into the trough or closet by preference at the end farthest from the
outlet for the purpose of flushing the trough and carrying off the excreta.
The flushing may be effected automatically by combining with the trough or
closet a flushing syphon or tumbler trough.

page_text: and shewn as the same may be varied or modified without in any way departing
from the nature or principle of my Invention, what I do claim is:-
Firstly. The arrangement and construction of trough a having the incline or
curved part & substantially as and for the purpose herein set-forth.
Secondly. The arrangement and combination of flushing apparatus, with the
glazed earthenware or stoneware trough a substantially as and for the purpose
herein set-forth.
In witness whereof I the said James Holroyd have hereunto set my hand
and seal this eleventh day of July in the year of Our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.
JAS. HOLROYD. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WOOD PULP
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Max Jordan and Augustus Egestorff
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1882.
MAX JORDAN of Manchester in the County of Lancaster and AUGUSTUS
EGESTORFF of Hanover in the Empire of Germany, at present residing at Pendleton
in the said County. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF WOOD PULP
"
Our Invention relates to the manufacture from wood of the pulp or fibrous
matter principally used in the manufacture of paper. We slice the wood or reduce
it to chips or shavings as is usual and we employ sulphide or Bi-sulphide of lime
to effect the reduction of the wood into the required condition. We place the
wood in a suitable kier or vessel within which steam pressure can be maintained
and we boil the wood or subject it to the action of steam in presence of the
sulphide or Bi-sulphide of lime until the reduction is effected a higher or lower
steam pressure being employed according to the nature of the wood or as may be
found to be most suitable. The resulting pulp is washed and treated by ordinary
or suitable means according to the purpose for which it is intended.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING OR "CAULKING" FOR PIPE JOINTS, AND THE LIKE AND IN CAULKING TOOLS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wheeler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1882.
CHARLES WHEELER of Newbury in the County of Berks
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
PACKING OR "CAULKING" FOR PIPE JOINTS, AND THE LIKE AND IN CAULKING
TOOLS
"
This improved caulking or packing consists of a piece of soft wire such as lead
wound spirally around the spigot end of the pipe leaving a space between each coil
in which may be wound hemp, cord, or the like, with as much red lead, or other
putty, or equivalent as necessary-Where desired a double layer of cord may be
placed between the coils of wire. When the joint is ready it should be well rubbed
over with the putty and then placed in the socket of the next pipe and ramined
home in the usual manner. I find this forms an excellent joint and can be made
much quicker than the usual sort. Any suitable section of wire may be used but
round is convenient and suitable; when a number of joints of the same size have
to be made (as in laying gas mains) the wire can be cut to the proper length
beforehand.
The caulking tool consists of a heavy ring or collar having an internal diameter
slightly in excess of the outside diameter of the pipe with which it is to be used
this ring is divided and hinged at one side and has a convenient fastening at the
other side. A number of arms preferably three project from the ring parallel to
the length of the pipe; these arms are thin and rounded so as to go into the
annular space where the packing is. Their ends are preferably thickened with a
fitting strip" which can be filed down if too thick to enter the space.
The arms
are preferably attached to the ring with set screws one of which does not enter the
metal of the ring, so that it serves to adjust the arm as by screwing it in that end
of the arm is forced out and the free end is forced inwards. Set screws may also
be placed in the ring so as to be adjustable to suit the variations in diameters of
different pipes. The whole tool is preferably made of iron. When the packing is
arranged and the pipes placed in position this tool is run up to the joint the arms
forcing the packing up; it is then withdrawn a sufficient distance and pushed

page_text: rapidly up against the packing again the heavy ring acting as a ram. This is
repeated as often as necessary the ring (and arms) being partly turned round so as
to strike the packing at all points.
For caulking straight or slightly curved joints the tool is made of the required
shape, straight or slightly curved instead of circular, it is used in a similar manner
to that already described.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN INDICATORS FOR PILLAR, WALL AND OTHER LETTER BOXES.
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph William Lawrence and
Alfred Lawrence at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th
March 1882.
JOSEPH WILLIAM LAWRENCE of Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Tool
Maker and ALFRED LAWRENCE of Birmingham aforesaid Tool Maker IMPROVE-
MENTS IN INDICATORS FOR PILLAR, WALL AND OTHER LETTER BOXES.
Our invention has for its object to make the indicators of letter boxes automatic,
so that on the locking of the door of the letter box after the box has been cleared
the hour at which the next clearance is due will be automatically indicated
Our invention is especially applicable to pillar, wall and other Post Office letter
boxes, but may be applied to other letter boxes.
In constructing a letter box indicator according to our invention we proceed as
follows: In the door of the letter box is a small opening at which the numerals
indicating the hours of clearing are in succession presented. On the inside of
the door is a disc turning upon a centre immediately below the hole in the door.
In the rotation of this disc its marginal portion travels behind the hole in the
door and numerals indicating the hours at which the several clearances take place
are painted or otherwise delineated upon that portion of the disc which passes the
said hole. The edge of the disc is provided with a series of teeth and on the back
of the disc a ratchet wheel of less diameter than the disc is fixed. A spring on
the upper edge of the lock bolt presses upon the teeth of the ratchet wheel and on
the shooting of the bolt acts as a pawl carrying round the disc through such an
angle as will remove the numeral presented at the hole in the door and bring the
next numeral in its place. A fixed arm on the rear end of the bolt engages with
the teeth on the edge of the disc after each motion of the disc and holds the disc
firmly in the position to which it has been brought. On unlocking the door of the
letter box the fixed arm is by the motion of the bolt disengaged from the teeth on
the edge of the disc and the spring pawl is drawn over the incline of the tooth on
which it bears and snaps behind the base of that tooth onto the incline of the next
tooth. When the bolt is shot forward by the locking of the door of the letter box
the spring pawl and fixed arm on the bolt act in the manner already described,
displacing the numeral which had been exhibited at the hole in the door and
replacing it by the next numeral in the disc, which next numeral indicates the time
at which the next clearance of the letter box will be made. A spring presses the
disc against the back of the door maintaining it in its position during the with-
drawing motion of the bolt
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO-PIPES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edouard Lorge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1882.
EDOUARD LORGE, of St Claude France at present residing at Upland House
Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex Pipe Manufacturer, "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO-PIPES "
This Invention relates to that class of Tobacco pipes which consists of two pieces
joined in the centre.
The ordinary mode of attaching such pipes together at the joint is by fitting the
bowl-stem with a metallic collar or mount, which collar has a cylindrical attach-
ment thereto, on the outside of which a screw is cut to screw into the end of the
pipe stem, and the inside of which mount has an internal screw cut therein for
the attachment of the mouth tube, at the end of which is another metallic mount,
which screws into the first mentioned mount.
This arrangement necessitates the bowl stem, and also the mount. attached
thereto, being of large diameter, making it heavy and unsightly, and in order to
reduce this unsightliness the wood or other material around the mount is made
very thin and thereby rendered weak, At the same time this large diameter
renders it unsuitable for small stems, whereby the lightness and graceful appearance
of the pipe, so much appreciated by smokers, are unattainable.
Now the object of my said invention is to avoid these disadvantages by fitting
the mounts in a neat and superior manner. My said improved mounts consist of
three pieces of metal. The first of these is a collar or simple plate, preferably of
soft white metal, which can be cut externally to the exact shape of the stem to
which it is adapted. The second piece consists of a short tube, one end of which
is provided with an external screw, which passes through the plate or collar, and
is firmly and permanently screwed into the stem attached to the bowl, and having
a shoulder to keep the collar in position. The outer end of this tube has an internal
screw cut therein. These two pieces form the mount on the bowl stem. The
mount upon the mouth piece consists of a small piece of tube suitably and

page_text: permanently attached thereto, having an external screw cut thereupon, which fits
into the mount upon the bowl stem, having a suitable shoulder to make a neat
joint.
Instead of the internal screw being in the pipe stem, and the external screw
upon the mouth piece, the latter may be fitted with an internal screw, and the
former with an external screw.
Also one mount may fit into the other with a bayonet joint, or a simple
telescopic joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIRS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1882. A communi-
cation to him from abroad by Erwin Schmidt, of Leipzig, in the kingdom of
Saxony.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIRS,"
a communication to me from abroad by Erwin Schmidt, of Leipzig, in the Kingdom
of Saxony.
This invention relates to that class of chairs in which the seat can be raised or
lowered by turning
Instead of mounting the seat on a screw-spindle which turns in a thread, I
connect it with a disc placed between the legs and provided externally with a
screw thread or threads, while the legs carry inclined teeth or parts of a screw
thread or screw threads between which fits the screw-thread of the disc, so that by
turning the disc, it is screwed up and down.
The object of this arrangement is to obtain a better guide, more uniform
distribution of the load, and consequently greater durability than in ordinary
screw-chairs.
RO AND DOOR SPRINGS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Lenzberg at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1882.
LOUIS LENZBERG of Euston Road, in the county of Middlesex
IN DOOR RODS AND DOOR SPRINGS.
ㄗˋ
"IMPROVEMENTS
This invention relates to improvements in what are known as door rods, that is
to say in the rods used to carry curtains hung on 'doors for the prevention of
draught the object of the improvements being to so construct such rods that they
shall automatically close the door after it has been opened and thus do away with
the inconvenience at present existing in closing doors having curtains; the
improvements are also partly applicable to door springs.
In carrying out my invention as applied to door rods I employ a door rod of the
usual construction, but that end of the rod which is connected to the bracket on
the hinge side of the door I form with a spring hinge joint so adapted to the rod
that it always tends to close the door after it has been opened and to keep it
closed when shut.
The said spring hinge joint is provided with a number of slots or holes and a
spring bolt or catch operated by a cord is provided forming a stop arrangement to
allow of fixing the spring binge joint and prevent it acting when it is required
that the door shall remain open.
In some cases the spring and stop arrangement are fixed to the bracket or side
of the door instead of being connected with the rod.
The herein before described stop arrangement may be applied to ordinary door
springs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR SECURING WINDOWS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mc Nicol at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1882.
WILLIAM MO NICOL, of Leith, in the County of Midlothian, North Britain,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR SECURING WINDOWS,"
This Invention relates to improvements in appliances or devices for securing or
fastening windows, or window sashes, against attempts at opening from the outside.
The improved appliances which are fitted in combination with the window
sashes or the framings of the window, comprise a short bolt of iron or other metal
which is fitted loosely in a tube or tubular recess set or formed in the inside sash,
or sliding window frame. Attached to the back of this bolt, which in length is
only about half the thickness of the sash, is a spiral or other spring fitted also
within the tubular recess, and attached at its outer end to a hinged plate opening
like a door. This hinged plate is held closed by a small spring catch, with a knob
by which it may be opened from the inside when opening the window, and when
closed, tends to compress the spring and push out the bolt, which in this outer
position enters partly into a tubular recess or tube fitted in the outer sash or
window frame and secures it so that it cannot be opened from the outside. The
tube or tubular recess in the outer sash, is by preference fitted with a spring or
spring piston, which when the inside hinged plate is opened to free the spring on
the inner sash, presses the bolt inwards and entirely out of the tubular recess in the
outer sash, so that the window may be opened.
This construction of fastening for window sashes cannot be displaced by inserting
a thin blade or bar between the joints of the sashes, and as the only part visible is
the hinged plate on the inside of the inner sash, which may be sunk flush with the
sash to be out of sight, there is no opportunity offered to burglars to unfasten the
securing bolt by breaking the glass.
The improved appliances may be fitted at any part of the sash..
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH WINDING OR HAULING APPARATUS.
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th February 1382.
munication from abroad by Antonin Lausies of Bordeaux, France.
A com-
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of Kensington, Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
CONNECTED WITH WINDING OR HAULING APPARATUS. A communication from
abroad by Antonin Lausies of Bordeaux France
This Invention relates to apparatus for hauling or winding long ropes and has
for its object to dispense with the necessity of holding the rope tight by hand in
order to produce the necessary friction on the drum over which it is wound and
preventing it from slipping back.
The apparatus consists of two parallel discs mounted on the horizontal shaft of
the windlass or other hauling apparatus and kept at the required distance by a
number of bolts, in combination with a system of movable wedges arranged radially
in grooves provided on the inner face of the discs.
The inner face of each disc is oblique, so that the opposite parts of the two discs
converge towards the centre of the latter, and the wedges are hinged together in
pairs. The base of each wedge projects over the circumference of the disc when
the wedge is laid in its groove, while the faces which are rectangular to the base
touch each other, the hinge being placed at their inner end, that is to say adjoining
the hubs of the discs. In order to prevent the wedges from falling down, when
they are drawn away from the centre and opened, a small plate or bracket is fixed
to the circumference of the disc (one for each groove) and a T shaped holder
hinged thereto, which holder projects into a slot in the longest or oblique side of
the wedge.
The apparatus operates as follows: When the two discs are turned round with
their horizontal shaft the wedges on the upper half of their circumference fall into
their grooves and remain there by their own weight, while on the lower half of the
circumference the wedges fall down. The rope to be hauled is passed over a guide
pulley fixed to the floor, and from there upward between the two rows of wedges,

page_text: between which it is clipped in passing over the upper half of the circumference of
the disc.
When, by turning the discs the rope has arrived on the other side below the level
of the shaft, the wedges slip out or are drawn out by a hoop provided for that
purpose, thereby releasing the rope. The arriving parts of the rope are thus
continually clipped between the wedges and beld fast until they have left the
upper half of the circumference.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING CIGARS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Weston of Flat Street Sheffield in the County of
York Machinist for an Invention of AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
CIGARS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Weston at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1882.
GEORGE WESTON of Flat Street Sheffield in the County of York. AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING CIGARS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Upon a square iron frame or table two standards are cast through which a
spindle is placed so that it can revolve, upon said spindle a cutting knife is secured
the shape of said cutter is made to increase in projection from the centre of rotation
as it is made to revolve, upon the other end of the spindle to that upon which the
cutter is fixed and at the outer end of the Standard a spiral-spring is used and
kept in place by a nut at the end of the spindle to constantly hold cutter close to
the bed or trough.in which the cigar is placed to be cut.
I claim the use of revolving cutter the cutting edge of which advances from
centre by rotation.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Weston in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th April
1883.
GEORGE WESTON of Fat Street Sheffield in the County of York CUTTING
CIGARS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
.
Upon a square iron frame or table two standards are cast through which a
spindle is placed so that it can revolve upon said spindle a cutting knife is secured.
The shape of said cutter is made to increase in projection from the centre of
rotation as it is made to revolve upon the other end of the spindle to that upon
which the cutter is fixed and at the other end of the standard a spiral spring is 1
used and kept in place by a nut at the end of the spindle to constantly hold cutter
close to the bed or trough in which the cigar is placed to be cut.
I claim the use of revolving cutter the cutting edge of which advances from
centre by rotation.
In witness whereof I the said George Weston have hereunto set my hand 1
and seal this 24 day of April-in the year of our Lord 1883.
ΔΙΟΡΑ
HIDSON
IMPROVEMENTS IN WICKS USED IN OBTAINING ILLUMINATION OR HEAT
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Thomas Reeve of No 18 Little Marylebone Street
in the County of Middlesex for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN WICKS
USED IN OBTAINING ILLUMINATION OR HEAT.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Thomas Reeve at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1882.
JAMES THOMAS REEVE of No. 18 Little Marylebone Street in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS. IN WICKS USED IN OBTAINING ILLUMINATION OR
HEAT."
The object of the Invention is to secure durability in the wick when in use and
consequent uniformity in the light obtained. For this purpose I employ asbestos,
preferably with cotton or other fibre woven together, or applied end to end, or
otherwise combined so as to aid the capillary action and thereby maintain the
requisite supply, through the wick tube or tubes, of the liquid to be burnt.
By these means greatly increased durability to the wick, with steadiness of
illumination is obtained.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Thomas Reeve in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th December 1882.
JAMES THOMAS REEVE of No. 18 Little Marylebone Street in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN WICKS USED IN OBTAINING ILLUMINATION OR
HEAT."
The object of the invention is to secure durability in the wick when in use and
consequent uniformity in the light obtained-For this purpose I employ asbestos
with cotton or other fibre woven together or applied end to end or otherwise
combined so as to aid the capillary action and thereby maintain the requisite supply
through the wick tube or tubes of the liquid to be burnt.
In carrying out my improvements I apply the asbestos fibre sewn or laced
together and connected end wise to the upper end of the tube or other portion of
cotton wick or I apply the asbestos to the wick fibre by interweaving or inter-
layering or otherwise combining the asbestos and fibre together or I apply the
asbestos as prepared in block or otherwise, fastened to the upper or lighting end or
other part of the cotton or other fibre of the wick-or the asbestos may, in block,
or sheet, or otherwise, be applied to the cotton or other fibre-In all cases it is
desirable that care be taken to ensure in the combination that the cotton or
other fibre used aids by its capillary action to conduct the liquid to be consumed
to or with the asbestos employed.
By these means greatly increased durability to the wick with steadiness of
illumination is obtained.
Having thus described my invention and means which I adopt in carrying the
éame into effect I would have it understood that What I claim is, the improve-
ments in wicks used in obtaining illumination or heat by the combination of
asbestos with cotton or other fibre in the manufacture thereof, substantially as
described.
In witness whereof I the said James Thomas Reeve have hereunto set my
hand and seal this fourth day of December in the year One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.
JAMES T. REEVE (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN LEADS FOR PENCILS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Daubenspeck at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1882.
GUSTAV DAUBENSPECK of 6 Allmner Villas Cherboro Road Stamford Hill
Middlesex Ink Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LEADS FOR PENCILS."
The object of my invention is to make a new and improved lead for use in that
class of pencils known as copying pencils.
Instead of using graphite, nitrate of silver and other expensive substances in the
manufacture of my leads I propose to make them by combining together Violet of
Aniline Oxide of Alumina or some equivalent substance and soap and I find that
the best results are obtained when I use them in about the following proportions-
viz. Violet of Aniline-100 parts by weight Oxide of Alumina 92 parts and 12
parts of the ordinary soap of commerce may be used.
These substances are intimately mixed together and the mixture is then placed in
a mould where it is pressed and subsequently the mixture is dried.
The violet of Aniline is the coloring matter in the above composition but if I
require a lead of another color, I use a different Aniline compound.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UNDER CARRIAGES FOR OMNIBUSES AND OTHER VEHICLES HAVING THEIR WHEELS UNDER OR WITHIN THE BODY OF THE VEHICLE
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Solomon Androws at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1882.
SOLOMON ANDREWS of Cardiff in the County of Glamorgan.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
UNDER CARRIAGES FOR OMNIBUSES AND OTHER VEHICLES HAVING THEIR WHEELS
UNDER OR WITHIN THE BODY OF THE VEHICLE."
"
This invention relates more especially to that form of omnibus referred to in my
former application No 2511 of this year and is designed to enable the wheels to
project upward under the seats of the carriage.
To accomplish this I form the frame with a wheel plate inside the wheels and
both under carriage and frame are cut away where they would come in contact with
the wheels so that said wheels can project up through them into the body of the
carriage under the seats.
To enable me to do this the better, the under carriage frame is made broader in
the front and back direction so that as the under carriage swivels the wheels shall
not come in contact with them.
The spaces left in the frame and the under carriage for the wheels are bounded
in front and back by a stout curved sole plate or beam and are each traversed
front and back by a very stout central beam with framework or two curved or
straight beams to carry the wheel plate or transoms.
The travel of the undercarriage is stopped at its extreme limit by a strong lock
stop to prevent it turning too sharply.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS COVERINGS FOR THE KEYS OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorentz Albert Groth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1882. Communi-
cated to him from abroad by Bruno Kohl, and Karl Voigtritter, trading as
Kohl and Voigtritter, at Dresden in the Kingdom of Saxony, in the German
Empire.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTH, K.G.V. Civil Engineer and Managing Director of The
Universal Inventors and Patentees Financial Company Limited. 30 Finsbury
Pavement London E.C. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS
COVERINGS FOR THE KEYS OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS A communication to ine
from abroad by Bruno Kohl and Karl Voigtritter, trading as Kohl and Voigtritter,
at Dresden in the Kingdom of Saxony, in the German Empire.
"
By the improvements hereafter described glass is made to serve as a cheap
substitute for the ivory beretofore in use for covering the keys of musical
instruments
Important difficulties have until now stood in the way of the production of
glass coverings for keys because the nature of that material necessitates a process
of manufacture quite different from that heretofore in use for ivory coverings.
As glass coverings unlike those of ivory cannot be worked after they are glued in
their places it is necessary to manufacture them most carefully to exact size before
fixing them in place and especially as regards the breadth of the heads which must
not differ materially from one another or from the fixed size.
According to the present invention the requisite exactitude is produced in the
following manner. Glass plates of suitable thickness are cut into pieces by means
of diamonds such pieces having as exactly as possible the length and breadth of the
key coverings to be produced. They are then sorted according to thickness by the
help of a guage of oak-wood.
The pieces of equal thickness are then worked to the requisite length and breadth
by means of a grinding apparatus specially constructed for that purpose Next, the
two long and the two short sides of the coverings are polished. Afterwards the
upper and front edges are rounded off by good hand work and the requisite
shaping is then effected.

page_text: The lustre of the glass covering is then so far removed that light is no longer
reflected but the smooth upper surface (which must remain snow white) is not
disturbed or destroyed.
This is effected by laying the glass coverings in an aqueous solution of
hydrofluoric acid for which process the required time and the strength of the
solution must be ascertained by careful experiment. By this process the
susceptibility of the glass covering to sweat is so far removed that the unpleasant
shivering sensation experienced when a warm finger touches a highly polished
glass surface is no longer observable.
The fixing of the glass coverings in their places is effected by the employment of
a mixture consisting of
30 per cent of hot melted white glue
30 per cent of hot liquid white resin and
40 per cent of fine sifted and washed crystal quartz sand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS.
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bowen Mayers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1882.
JOHN BOWEN MAYERS of Kidderminster in the County of Worcester Gentleman.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS.
This Invention refers to apparatus acting automatically on the passage of a train
to operate a gong or bell as a sound signal.
The apparatus consists of a bar traversing from the inside of the outer rail across
the side of the permanent way to a signal post on which is mounted a gong or
bell To the end of this bar which is under the rail is attached a bent lever which
is depressed from its position by the passage of every wheel over it; this depression
turns the bar and with it actuates a striking rod and clapper causing the latter to
sound the gong or ring the bell, a balance weight being used with the striking rod
to return it to its normal position.
The apparatus is kept out of action when not required by a line from the signal
box suspending the striker of the gong and the lever over which the wheels travel.
A light worked upon similar principles to that of the ordinary semaphore signals
is attached to the top of the upright carrying the gong or bell.
PLAQUE" FOR THE USE OF ARTISTS AND FOR THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Holt Sharp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1882.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED
SAMUEL HOLT SHARP of Leeds in the County of York
"PLAQUE" FOR THE USE OF ARTISTS AND FOR THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING
THE SAME
"
This Invention relates to a new or improved "plague" for the use of artists the
object being to produce such articles in imitation of those hitherto made in "terra-.
cotta "ware.
My improved "plague" is formed of mill-board which is first cut or stamped to
the required size and then softened by damping after which it is embossed and
coloured in imitation of terra-cotta and then embossed or moulded a second time so
as to preserve the required form. The embossing apparatus consists of a metal
mould and a dio to correspond therewith the die or plunger being formed of a
mixture or amalgam of metals so as to be capable of yielding when in operation.
Plagues" constructed in this manner are equal to those made of terra-cotta,
presenting a very similar surface to work upon and being both cheaper and more
durable.
"
I also apply the same invention to designs in relief embossed on plain or uncut
board, so that the designs will stand out in relief to any desired shape or size.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LABEL HOLDERS FOR PLANTS AND THE LIKE
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Parker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1882.
JOHN PARKER of Woodstock in the county of Oxon, Builder and Upholsterer
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LABEL HOLDERS FOR PLANTS AND THE LIKE"
My invention relates to improvements in label holders for plants and the like
the object of the said improvements being to provide a holder which will effectually
protect the label inserted therein from injury from the effects of the weather or
from syringing in greenhouses or other places so that the name of the plant, fruit,
flower or the like on the said label shall always remain legible, at the same time
that the label may be removed and replaced by another with facility, and the holder
may be easily attached to or removed from the plant or the like and be placed in
any other suitable position.
In carrying out my invention the label holder is constructed of a sheet or cast
metal sheath or case so as to enclose and hold a suitable piece of transparent glass
and also to enclose a second sheath made to fit inside the first named sheath; this
second sheath is made so that a piece of paper, cardboard, parchment or zinc or any
such suitable material forming.the label proper can be inserted therein and upon
which label is written with ordinary or special ink the name of any plant, fruit,
flower or the like for the information of persons inspecting the same.
The object
of this second sheath is to protect the paper, card or parchment from the effects of
the weather so that the name of the plant, flower, fruit or the like shall at all times
remain legible and easy to read and shall not be liable to damage from the
effects of rain, snow, sleet, wind, heat or cold or from syringing in greenhouses or
in any other position or place; the inner sheath can be easily and quickly with-
drawn for the purpose of inserting a new card when a label is to be applied to any
fresh plant, flower, fruit or the like; if it is necessary to register another name it
is only required to cut the card, paper, or parchment to the proper size and, having
written the name upon it, to insert it in the inner sheath; the sheath, with the
label in it, is then placed in the outer sheath or case under the glass; and to
further lessen the risk of the label becoming illegible if written with ink that
will fade or die out the card can be written also on the back, inside.

page_text: The label holder may also be made with a beaded or fluted edge, one flute to.
hold the label and the other flute or flutes or beads to hold a piece of glass or
two pieces of glass to be placed in front of the label to protect it from all
weatliers.
By this arrangement the hereinbefore described inner sheath would not be
required.
The label holder is provided with a leg or legs to be inserted into the earth or it
may be made with a ring or wire by which it may be hung on to stakes or to the
plants or trees themselves. When legs are employed the back of the outer sheath
is slotted such slot sliding over a stud or studs on the leg.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO SCREW PROPELLERS FOR SHIPS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE VESSELS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis John Croft at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1882.
26
FRANCIS JOHN CROFT, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND RELATING TO SCREW PROPELLERS FOR SHIPS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE
VESSELS"
My Invention has for its object certain inprovements in and relating to Screw
Propellers for Ships and other Navigable Vessels and consists essentially in a novel
combination of four distinct features, which for the purpose of description may be
separated under the following heads.
First The inclining forward of the leading edge of the propeller blades, namely
that part of the propeller blade which first takes the water when going a head.
Second Setting the propeller blade at its root on the boss at the same angle to
the central axis of the boss, that such blade has at its periphery
Third Slightly concaving, or spooning the after side of the propeller blades,
correspondingly convexing the forward side of the blades and slightly setting aft
the trailing edge of the blades.
Fourth Forming the boss on the forward end of the propeller only, so that the
after surface of the blades may be said to commence from the central axis of the
boss.
The combination of the four features above set forth constitutes the Improvements
to which my Luvention relates
THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET LEAD
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Burr at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1882.
WALTER BURR of Long-ditton in the County of Surrey.
THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET LEAD"
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relating to Improvements in the Manufacture of Sheet Lead,
consists chiefly in directly casting such sheets of metal of almost the ultimate
thickness required, so as to demand but little subsequent lamination or treatmont,
whereby the present expensive and laborious method of manufacture from ingots
of considerable thickness is effectually avoided.
For this purpose I provide a travelling crucible which may be in the form of a
truck or wagon mounted on rails or guiding surfaces formed on or conveniently
arranged over a casting bed or table of the required dimensions. One end of the
said bed or table communicates with a furnace of any suitable known construction,
and the other end with an arrangement of rollers or rolls for receiving and finishing
the sheets of lead cast upon the shallow recessed surface of the aforesaid bed or
table.
The furnace is provided with a horizontal platform arranged in the same plane
as the casting bed or table, so that the before mentioned travelling crucible may be
run to and from the interior of the former.
The said crucible may be used for the purpose of directly melting the pig metal,
or it may receive its supply of molten metal from a stationary crucible or cupola
according to convenience or requirements.
The travelling crucible is constructed with a secondary or subsidiary compartment
having a false or adjustable bottom to which access is controlled by a conical or
other suitable valvular or equivalent device, so that the molten lead allowed to pass
from the main compartment or reservoir to the former is caused to flow upon the
casting bed or table in a thin film of the required thickness.
The said "false bottom " may consist of an adjustable plate capable of being
fixed so as to leave any desired aperture or space for the egress of the molten
metal.
In front of the travelling crucible is mounted a roller or equivalent device,
capable of angular or other other necessary adjustment, and which being always

page_text: heated and moved with the former over the sheet during casting imparts thereto a
smooth and polished surface.
Other similar or additional means of applying suitable degrees of heat to the
upper surface of the cast-film or sheet may be adopted, whilst conversely air or
water may be caused to circulate through the casting bed or table so as to cool the 5
metal at the proper place and time ready for reception of the rolling apparatus, by
which the necessary homogeneousness and finish of the lead is obtained