CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN TWISTING MACHINERY USED IN THE PREPARATION, SPINNING, OR TWISTING OF COTTON, FLAX, SILK, WOOL, HEMP, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1836

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WRIGHT, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-second day of June, in the sixth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Wright, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, His especial licence
that I, the said William Wright, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Wright, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN TWISTING
MACHINERY USED IN THE PREPARATION, SPINNING, OR TWISTING OF COTTON, FLAX,
SILK, WOOL, HEMP, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said William Wright,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
רים....מ

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Wright, do hereby declare the nature of my certain improvements to
consist in the construction and application of an elastic medium or support to
the collar or bolster in which the spindles of twisting machinery revolve,
whereby the vibration of such spindles is materially decreased when running at
high velocities, together with various other improvements in the construction
of twisting machinery for the purpose of increasing the speed and decreasing
the weight of the spindles used in such machinery, as well as improving the
drag or taking-up motion, and effecting various other improvements as herein-
after described; and the manner in which the same is to be performed and
carried into effect will be seen by reference to the annexed Drawings, and the
following description.
The scale to which the Drawings are made is marked thereon, and the same
letters and figures of reference are used to indicate the same parts throughout
the whole of the Drawings.
Figure 1 represents a front view, and Figure 2 an end view, of part of an
ordinary throstle, delineated for the purpose of shewing the position in which
some of my improvements are applied to such machines.
In these Figures
A represents the drawing shaft provided with fast and loose pullies; and B, the
drum from which rotatory motion is imparted to the spindles C, C, C, C, by
means of bands in the ordinary manner. D are the drawing rollers, and E the
creel containing the rovings. It will be remarked that the spindles represented
in these Figures are much smaller than those of ordinary throstles, and the
step rail
gg, and bolster rail d, d, much nearer to each other.
The first of my improvements which I shall now proceed to describe, as
represented at full size at Figure 3, and a sectional elevation at Figure 4, con-
sists in an elastic medium or support, as seen at f, for the bolster or collar in
which the spindle revolves, and a represents a brass tube, bolster, or collar,
through which the spindle passes. This brass collar or bolster is supported in
the elastic washer of leather, which fits into a small groove cut in the hori-
zontal flange of the bolster or collar a, as seen at Figure 4, and the exterior of
the round washer of leather f., rests in a countersunk hole in the bolster rail
d, d, where it is held fast by means of the metallic ring or hoop e, e, which fits
firmly into the countersunk hole in the rail, and holds the leather washer f, ƒ,
firm in its proper position. Through the bolster or collar a the spindle is
passed in the ordinary manner; and it is by means of the partial elasticity of
the leather washer, that I am enabled to run spindles supported in this
mauneratan increased speed, without materially increasing the vibration; and
in experience 1 find that I can run ordinary throstle spindles supported on

page_text: this improved arrangement at a speed considerably faster than spindles sup-
ported in the ordinary manner, without any material increase of vibration.
My second improvement, which I generally use along with the élastic
medium for supporting the bolster or collar, is, the hooded warves, as shewn in
section at Figure 5. In this Figure g.g,is the step rail supporting the ordinary
brass in which the foot of the spindle C is placed, aud covered by the hooded
warve, as there represented. By this arrangement of the driving warve the
step or lower support of the spindle is kept free from dust or waste, at the same
time that the driving band, being nearer the point on which the foot or end of
the spindle is supported, causes less vibration. This arrangement of the driving
warve may be further modified by substituting a brass, constructed as shewn
at Figure 6, in which the upper part of the brass is slightly contracted. to act
as a collar or support to the part of the spindle marked h, when placed in it,
so that the bearing of the spindle, when placed in the brass, rests between
the lower extremity or foot at i, and the collar at h, while the position of the
hooded warve causes the tension of the band by which it is driven to act in an
intermediate position between the two bearings h and i, at the same time that
it acts as a covering and protection to the step or brass in which the spindle
revolves. This modification of my second improvement also enables me to
dispense with the support of the ordinary bolster rail altogether when it may
be desirable so to do.
.
My third improvement consists in the application of a metallic disc to the
top of the spindle, as represented at Figure 7, and separate in plan at
Figure 8, which may either be attached to the flyer or not, the effect being
in both cases the saine, namely, the steadying the spindle in its revolution
by the increased inertia caused by the additional weight of the disc.. K, K.
Another modification of this improvement is shewn at Figure 9, which repre-
sents an arrangement of spindles suitable for spinning pin cops. In this
Figure the disc K, K, is moveable, and the parallel arms which represent the
flyer fit into openings in the disk K, as there represented. On one of these
arms is placed the forked piece, which slides freely up and down, but is held
stationary as regards the perpendicular traverse of the cop by means of the
stationary ring 21, shewn in dotted lines and in plan above this Figure, so that
the copping motion of the spindle distributes the yarn regularly on the surface
of the pin cop.
My fourth improvement consists in applying the drag to the flyer instead of
the bobbin, and is represented at Figure 10, in which improvement the bobbin
is supported fast on the spindle; and the flyer, resting free on the copping rail,
effects the drag or winding on by the friction of the surface on which it rests.
•

page_text: The flyer in this improvement is provided with a small tube thro' which the
spindle passes, & thereby assists in steadying it. This tube, which is shewn in
dotted lines at o¹,0', proceeds up the interior of a sheath a', a', also shewn in
dotted lines, which latter carries the bobbin, & is identified with the spindle
above the imaginary line b1,61, by which arrangement I am enabled to effecta
given amount of copping motion with a shorter spindle. Having enumerated
and described four of my separate improvements, I would remark, that they
may be used either separately or together, as circumstances may require,
according to the nature of the twisting machinery to which they are to be
applied, all which must depend on the nature of the twisting machinery to
which such improvements are to be applied; and the application of my two
first improvements are sufficiently set forth and described, as regards the ordi-
nary throstle, at Figure 1 and 2, to enable persons conversant with machinery
of this nature to apply any one or more of my improvements to the various
arrangements of twisting machinery, where such may be required.
I shall now proceed to describe my fifth improvement in twisting machinery,
which consists in a new arrangement of parts for the purpose of manufacturing
cordage of hemp, flax, or other similar material in a more compact and
uniform manner than at present performed by the ordinary machines used for
that purpose. Figure 14 represents a front view of part of a preparation
machine for twisting the raw material into a thread or strand.
In this,
Figure Q represents a series of revolving or twisting tubes similar to those in
common use in the cotton preparation machine called Dyer's Frame, into one
end of which the hemp or flax is supplied by hand from the back of the
machine at R; from the opposite end of these tubes it proceeds to a set of
drawing rollers D, where it is drawn down and elongated according to the draft
required for the material under operation. From this point it proceeds
forward, and is spun into a thread by incans of the revolving spindles C, C, and
finally deposited on the bobbins O, O. These bobbinsare also geared together
by the wheels p and q to equalize their revolutions, and thereby equalizes the
amount received on to each bobbin, while the spindle receives the rotation
by bevil gearing from the front drawing rollers, as seen in the Drawing. As
soon as the bobbins O are filled by the machine they are removed, and three
or more are placed loose on the spindles C, C, as seen at Figure 15, where
they partake of a twofold motion, one around the centres of the spindles in
a direction to unwind or give off the yarn or strand which they contain, and
the other around the centre of the shaft S, at the upper extremity of which
the strands are gathered together, and by its rotation formed into a rope or
cord, which is received in a finished state on the revolving cylinder T, the

page_text: rotation of which keeps it in a state of tension, and delivers it as it is com-
pleted at the point u. This machine is driven by the pulley A, which imparts.
the taking-up motion to the cylinder T placed on the same shaft, and also an
equal motion to the two perpendicular shafts V and W, by means of bevils at
their upper extremity, as seen in the Drawing. The shaft W imparts motion
to the shaft S by means of the spur wheel X and Y, at the same time that
the upright shaft V drives the spindles C, C, by the spur wheel Z, r, s, the
latter of which geers into the pinions t, t, which are fast to the spindles,
while the wheels r and s are fast on the collar u, which moves freely on the
shaft s. The arms for supporting the spindles C, C, are represented at n, n,
and m is a spur wheel gearing into each of the small wheels, on which on
which the bobbius are supported, and thereby equalizing their rotation and
the consequent giving off of each strand which is ultimately to form the rope
or cord on the cylinder T, as there represented.
My sixth and last improvement consists in a new arrangement for pro-
ducing the drag or retarding action on the bobbins of every description of
doubling machine, but peculiarly so to machines.used in the manufacture
of heald yarn, in which it is essential that every strand of which the yarn is
composed should be of equal length and sustain an equal tension. Figure 11
represents a front, and Figure 12 an end view, of part of my first doubling
machine for twisting together yarn for the purpose of forming a threefold
strand,. to be afterwards used as one of the strands of the heald yarns to be
manufactured. In these Figures,E is the creel containing the bobbins of yarn
to be doubled, D the rollers through which the ends are passed, and O,O, the
bobbins on which they are received in a doubled state. The spindles which
impart the twist in this machine are driven in the ordinary manner by wheels
or bands, but the bobbins O, O, are severally placed on the face of small spur
wheels marked p, to which they are attached by means of a small stud or pin
so as to carry each wheel p in the same direction of rotation as the respective
spindles. Intermediate, or between each spur wheel p, is placed a carrier
wheel marked q,supported on a fixed stud, which gears into the spur wheel p.
The speed of rotation of each bobbin O is necessarily alike and equal.
The last of these carrier wheels 2 (at one extremity of the frame) is placed on
a short spindle, the lower part of which is provided with a screw or worm,
taking into the worm wheel G, to which it imparts a slow rotation on its centre
(in the direction of the arrow) from the rotation of the bobbin O, O. This
rotation is impeded by the weight H, the amount of which determines the
resistance or drag of the bobbin by means of the helical scroll or spiral on the
face of the wheel G on which the weight H is supported. This helical scroll

page_text: or spiral is so calculate as to elevate the weight H near to the centre of the
wheel G, as soon as the bobbin O shall have received the proper quantity of
doubled
yarn,
which, as before stated, is necessarily equal, from each bobbin
having performed an equal number of revolutions. In this state tie bobbins O
are removed to a similar machine, an end view of which is shewn at Figure 13,
in which three strands of the bobbins O are twisted or doubled in a reverse
direction to the former twisting, and finally form the heald yarn on the bob-
bin P. In this machine the bobbin O, as well as the bobbins P, are equalized
and governed in their rotation by a similarapparatus to that already described
at Figure 11, so that an exact quantity is given off from each bobbin O, and
an exact quantity taken up or doubled on to each bobbin P, the tension on
every strand remaining uniformly alike on every part throughout the whole
operation. Another modification of the means of applying the weight Has
a drag to the bobbins of twisting machinery, and one which I consider more
applicable to spinning machinery, is represented in side view at Figure 16,
where, instead of gearing the bobbins together by means of the spur wheels p
and q, as already described at Figure 11, the bobbins are severally supported
on a series of warves w, provided with bands which pass round the drum or
cylinder x, the retarding motion of which is governed or actuated by a worm
on its axis, taking into the worm wheel G, provided with weight H, as in the
former arrangement represented and described at Figure 11.
Having now described my certain improvements, together with the mode of
application to the twisting machinery known as the throstle frame, the
application of such improvements, either separately or combinedly to other
twisting machinery, will be sufficiently obvious to persons conversant with
machinery of this nature; and although I have in the above Specification
described several well-known parts of ordinary machinery to render the
application of my improvements better understood, I do not claim any such
well-known parts. But what I do claim in my first improvement in twisting
machinery is, the application of an elastic support or medium to the collars or
bolsters in which the spindles revolve, as represented at f, Figures 3 and 4,
which support or medium may be applied in various ways, and be constructed
of leather as there represented, or of other suitable elastic substance, the
elasticity of which materially decreases the vibration of the spindles when
running at high velocities. And as regards my second, third, fourth, and fifth
improvements, I claim the general arrangement and application of such im-
provements as there set forth and described to twisting machinery. In my
sixth and last improvement I claim the application of one uniform weight for
equalizing the drag or taking-up motion on the whole of the bobbins used

page_text: in any one machine, as well as the application of the same improvement for
regulating the giving-off motion of any number of bobbins used for supply-
ing the material to the drawing rollers; the action of such retarding
weight being conveyed to the various bobbins by the means herein-before
described, or any modification thereof. And all such improvements being, to
the best of my knowledge and belief, entirely new and never before used
within England, Wales, or Berwick-upon-Tweed aforesaid, I do hereby
declare this to be my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe
this my Specification doth comply, in all respects, fully and without reserve or
disguise, with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent contained; wherefore I do claim exclusive right and privilege to the
said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Wright, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twentieth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.
WILLIAM (L.S.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twentieth day of December, in
the year of our Lord 1836, the aforesaid William Wright came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
Andalso the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-second day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.