Condensing appar
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 2nd Dec., 1887
Complete Accepted, 6th Jan., 1888
I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention refers to improvements in Condensing apparatus as used for
converting gaseous bodies, steam, or vapour into a liquid state, and especially to
condensing apparatus in which the effect or action of the cooling liquid upon the
vapours or steam is transmitted through undulated sheets of iron, copper, or any
other material. In such apparatus, in which each condensing chamber is formed by
two undulated sheets placed not far from each other, the arrangement hitherto
provided for the entrance of the gaseous bodies into the chambers, and the manner in
which the vapours or steam passed through the chambers, viz., at right angles to the
undulations, and in serpent-like windings through the chamber, did not suffice to
cause a sufficiently high degree of vacuum.
It has been proved in practice that the steam, in traversing the chambers in the
direction at right angles to the undulations, and in the zigzag way, found too great
an obstacle in its way through this chamber, so that the vacuum could not be reached
to such a degree as is necessary for the desired working of the apparatus.
As it is however desirable to have a large area of contact between cooling liquid
and steam in a small compass, the use of undulated sheets is maintained by the
inventor, as the said condition is fulfilled by undulated sheets in a perfect manner, if
the use of pipes is excluded.
This invention has for its object to so arrange condensing apparatus of undulated
sheets, that the vapour, steam, or gaseous body to be condensed, passes the chamber
longitudinally with, or parallel to the undulations, by which arrangements the difficulty
hitherto experienced is overcome, and the desired result is arrived at.
The apparatus consists of a chamber or series of chambers, the entrance and exit of
steam into which is so arranged that the steam passes the chamber longitudinally, or
parallel with the undulations of sheets forming the sides of the chamber, whereas
the cooling liquid passes mainly at right angles to this direction within the inter-
mediate spaces formed by several chambers being put side by side.

page_text: Two vertical placed undulated sheets are, at their sides, kept together by bars, and
are placed within a frame having at the sides brackets, at top a hollow steam inlet,
and at bottom an exit for the products of condensation. The frames thus constructed,
and a series of them brought together facing each other, form the condensing
apparatus, the intermediate spaces between the condensing chambers communicating
with the entrance and the outlet for the cooling liquid.
The sheets of which the chambers are composed are bent at right angles, or nearly
so, at their top and bottom ends, and these bent ends are cast into Hanges which
form the bottom part of the inlet and the top part of the exit, a serpent-like or
zigzag way remaining betweon said sheets, forining the chamber into which the
steam enters, leaving the chamber as a product of condensation by the exit.
flanges at top of the chamber, with the sheets cast into them, are preferably cut off
obliquely, so as to offer to the steam coming as little resistance as possible on its
passage in a downward direction.
The
The plates or sheets with their rods or bars are kept between extensions forming
one part with the inlet and outlet.
In apparatus of circular form, the steam, vapour, or gaseous body, finds its way
longitudinally, or parallel with the undulations of the sheets or plates forming the
condensing chamber. The undulations in the circular form may be placed horizontally,
in which direction the steam passes the apparatus, or vertically, in which direction
the steam passes the apparatus. The condensing chambers may be placed between
the cooling chambers, all chambers be arranged concentrically.
The apparatus may also be closed at top and bottom by covers, one being
provided with the steam entrance, and communicating with the vertical condensing
chambers, the other being provided with the entrance for the cooling liquid, and
communicating with the cooling chambers. In all these constructions the steam
flows parallel with the undulations.
The condensing and cooling chambers may be multiplied at will, and according to
requirements.
The condensing chambers may be contracted towards the outlet end, that is to say,
to place the two undulated sheets in such manner that the entrance side of the
chamber is wider than the exit side, for the purposo to cause the cooling liquid to
better exert its influence on that part of the condensing chamber where the vapours
become liquefied.
Again, it is to be remarked that the sheets or plates which are shown as placed
vertically with their undulations, may be situated so as to show horizontal undulations,
in which case the steam, vapour, or gaseous body has to traverse the chamber
horizontally.
Datad this 2nd day of March 1887
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention refers to improvements in condensing apparatus as used for
converting gaseous bodies, steam, or vapor, into a liquid state, and especially to
condensing apparatus in which the effect or action of the cooling liquid upon the
vapors or steam is transmitted through undulated or corrugated sheets of iron,
copper, or any other material. In such apparatus, in which each condensing
chamber is formed by two undulated sheets placed a short distance apart, the
entrance of the gaseous bodies into the chambers, as hitherto provided for, and the
manner in which the vapors or steam pass through the chambers, viz., at right angles
to the undulations and in serpent-like windings through the chamber, did not
produce a sufficiently high degree of vacuum.
It has been proved in practice that the steam, in traversing the chambers in the
direction at right angles to the undulations, and in the zigzag way, found too great
an obstacle in its way through this chamber, that is to say, the friction was too
great, so that the vacuum could not be reached to such a degree as is necessary for
the proper working of the apparatus.
As it is, however, desirable to have a large area of contact between cooling liquid
and steam, in a small compass, the use of undulated sheets is maintained in the
present invention, as the said condition is fulfilled by undulated sheets in a perfect
manner, if the use of pipes is excluded.
This invention has for its object to so arrange condensing apparatus of undulated
sheets, that the vapor, steam, or gaseous body to be condensed, passes the chamber
longitudinally with, or parallel to, the undulations, by which arrangements the
difficulty hitherto experienced is overcome, and the desired result is arrived at.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is an elevation, partly in section,
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line A B, Fig. 1, and
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section on line CD of Fig. 2, of a chamber of a condensing
apparatus constructed according to this invention.
The entrance and exit of steam into this chamber is so arranged that the steam
passes the chamber longitudinally, or parallel with the undulations of sheets forming
the sides of the chambers, whereas the cooling liquid passes mainly at right angles
to this direction within the intermediate spaces formed by several chambers being
put side by side.

page_text: Two vertically placed undulated sheets c are, at their sides, secured together by
bars o, and are placed within a frame consisting of the side pieces, a hollow top
piece or chamber forming the steam inlet g, and a corresponding hollow bottom
piece or chamber forming the exit k for the products of condensation. A series of
frames thus constructed, placed side by side, forms the condensing apparatus, the
intermediate spaces between the condensing chambers communicating with the
entrance and the outlet for the cooling liquid.
The sheets c are bent outwards at right angles, or nearly so, at their top and
bottom ends, as seen in Figs. 2 and 3, and these bent ends are cast into flanges n,
which form the bottom part of the inlet chamber g and the top part of the exit
chamber k, a serpent-like or zigzag way remaining between said sheets c, forming
the chamber into which the steam enters from g, passing downwards, and leaving
the chamber as a product of condensation at k.-The flanges n at top of the chamber,
with the sheets c cast into them, are preferably cut off obliquely (see Fig. 3), so as to
offer to the steam coming from g as little resistance as possible to its passage in a
downward direction.
The plates or sheets c c, with their rods or bars o o, are held between the side
bars formed in one with the parts g and k. In Figs. 4 and 5, a condensing
apparatus of circular form is shewn in horizontal section and side view respectively,
in which apparatus the steam, vapor, or gaseous body finds its way longitudinally,
or parallel with the undulations of the sheets or plates forming the condensing
chambers. The same is the case with the condensing apparatus, of which Fig.
shews a horizontal section, and Fig. 7 a vertical section. There is but this difference
between these two condensing apparatus of circular form, viz., that the undulations
in Figs. 4 and 5 are placed horizontally, in which direction the steam passes the
apparatus, whereas in Figs. 6 and 7 the undulations are placed vertically, in which
direction the steam also passes the apparatus. In Figs. 4 and 5, the condensing
chambers pare placed between the cooling chambers q, all chambers being arranged
concentrically. is the inlet for the cooling liquid, s inlet entrance for the steam,
being the exit for the warmed cooling liquid, s¹ being the exit for the product of
condensation.
In Figs. 6 and 7, the apparatus is closed at bottom and top by the covers t and u
respectively, the latter, u, being provided with the steam port, and communicating
with the vertical condensing chambers p, the product of condensation leaving at u', the
other, t, being provided with the inlet opening for the cooling liquid, and communicating
with the cooling chambers 7, the warmed liquid leaving at t. In all these
constructions, the steam flows parallel with the undulations. The number of
condensing and cooling chambers may be increased or decreased according to
requirement.
The condensing chambers may be contracted towards the outlet end, that is to say,
the two undulated sheets may be placed in such manner that the entrance side of the
chamber is wider than the exit side, for the purpose of causing the cooling liquid to
better exert its influence on that part of the condensing chamber where the vapors
become liquefied.
Again, it is to be remarked that the sheets or plates c, which are shewn as placed
vertically, may be arranged with the undulations in a horizontal position, in which
case the steam, vapor, or gaseous body will have to traverse the chamber horizontally.
Instead of constructing the apparatus with horizontal undulations, the undulations
may have a spiral or helical form. This arrangement is shown in Figs. 8, 9, 10
and 11. Fig. 8 is a vertical section on the line ef, Fig. 10.-Fig. 9 is a sectional
elevation taken at right angles to Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a horizontal section, and Fig. 11
a detail view of a spiral chamber.
The steam to be condensed enters at a, passes through the small pipes 61 62 63 64,
and is distributed into the chamber c¹ c² c c.-The chambers consist of spiral shaped
circular sheets of metal, and are connected and jointed at top and below by bolts and
nuts e¹ to curved flat iron bars f³, so that they may easily be taken apart for cleaning
purposes. Each of the spiral chambers is formed in two halves, each half being

page_text: provided witli flanges g¹ by which they can be connected together. In order that
the steam shall be compelled to flow parallel with the spiral way of the sheets, a
wire is inserted in some of the undulations, say, for example, in every fourth
undulation. This wire d¹ follows the spiral form of the chambers, and forms, in
the chamber, a spiral passage through which the steam passes parallel with the
undulations.
The product of condensation will flow off by the small pipes h¹ h² 13 h into the
main a, and is conducted away by the latter. Inside the enclosing cylinder i¹, and
outside the outer enclosing cylinder, annular chambers of semi-circular cross
section are arranged, openings being provided in the cylinders to allow
the cold water employed to enter into the apparatus. Into said semi circular chambers
the water is conducted by pipes m² m², rises in the intermediate spaces between the
chambers of undulated sheets, and flows off by the apertures n' into the gutters o¹ o²,
from which it is drawn off by pipes pl p². It is obvious that in this construction,
the steam is caused to pass parallel with the undulations of the sheet metal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
:―
1. In condensing apparatus in which the action of the cooling liquid upon the
steam, vapor, or gaseous body, is transmitted by means of undulated or corrugated
plates or sheets, the condensing chambers open at both ends the entire width or
depth of the chamber for the entrance of the steam, and the exit of products of
condensation respectively, and so arranged that the steam, vapor, or gaseous body
shall pass longitudinally with, or parallel to the undulations of the sheets or plates
forming the said chambers, as and for the purposes set forth.
2. The condensing apparatus as described and shown with reference to Figs. 1, 2,
and 3, and consisting of a series of elements arranged to form consecutive condensing
and cooling chambers, in which condensing chambers the stean flows parallel with
the undulations.
3. Arranging the condensing chambers in circular form, either with horizontal
undulations as shewn in Figs. 4 and 5, or with vertical undulations as shewn in
Figs. 6 and 7, for the purpose above specified.
4. The circular shaped apparatus for the purpose specified, arranged in such a
manner that the undulations form helices through which the steam, vapor, or gas to
be condensed is caused to pass parallel with the undulations, as shown and described
with reference to Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11.
13
1
0
10 1
1007
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.