IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING THE COLOURS OF DYED FABRICS."
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Fleming, of Newlandsfields, in the County of
Renfrew, North Britain, Bleacher, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PRESERVING THE COLOURS OF DYED FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Fleming at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
August 1863.
I, JAMES FLEMING, of Newlandsfields, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Bleacher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING THE COLOURS OF DYED FABRICS," to be as.
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the clearing and subsequent preservation of the.
colours of starched and dyed goods by the adaptation, application, and use
of chloride of lime, or what is commonly and commercially termed "bleaching.
powder." After the dyed goods or fabrics are starched, or during the process
of starching, the goods or fabrics are passed through a bath of chloride of lime
or bleaching powder, and whilst the starching process is entirely uninterfered
with, the colours arising from the dyeing process are left uninjured, and in
fact preserved in their full beauty and richness.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Fleming in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th February 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
FLEMING, of Newlandsfields, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Bleacher, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Fleming, Her special license that I, the said James Fleming, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Fleming, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE-
SERVING THE COLOURS OF DYED FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said James Fleming, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal
of one of them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Fleming, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to the clearing and subsequent preservation of
the colours of starched or dyed goods by the adaptation, application, and use
-of chloride of lime, or what is commonly and commercially termed "bleaching
powder." After the dyed goods or fabrics are starched, or during the process
of starching, the goods or fabrics are passed through a bath of chloride of
lime or "bleaching powder," and whilst the starching process is entirely
uninterfered with, the colours arising from the dyeing process are left uninjured,
and in fact preserved in all their full beauty and richness.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, and
readily carried into effect in manufacturing practice, I shall now proceed to

page_text: describe the best means with which I am acquainted for performing the
same.
According to one mode or system of carrying out my Invention, the goods
or fabrics after having been starched are immersed in a bath, tub, or other
vessel containing a solution of chloride of lime or "bleaching powder" of a
"chlorimeter" strength, sufficient to remove the starch from the surface of the
goods or fabrics, also preserving the requisite amount of starch or stiffening
material inherent in the body or substance of the goods or fabrics, but at the
same time preserving the colours in dyed goods or fabrics uninjured or
possessing all their original qualities of beauty or richness intact.
According to a second mode or system of carrying my said Invention into
practical effect, the goods or fabrics are passed through a double mangle, the
first box, vessel, or chamber containing starch, and the second having in it
chlorine, the action of the chloride of lime or "bleaching powder" as well as
the operation of mangling being performed in the same machine and at the
same time.
In each of the herein-before recited systems or modes of carrying out my
said Invention in actual practice, or by the use of any other apparatus that
may be used for the realizing of the action produced by the solution of chloride
of line or "bleaching powder," the goods or fabrics are dried after having
undergone both of the processes herein-before described. And I wish it to be
fully understood that, in place of using a double mangle, two separate and
distinct mangles or machines of a similar class may be employed in carrying
cut my said Invention, the essential object of such Invention being the appli-
cation of chloride of lime or "bleaching powder" to goods or fabrics after
the same have been starched by any process, according to the terms herein-
after expressed.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not confine or restrict myself to
the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or
refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of my Invention; but what I consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is, the application and adaptation,
after the goods or fabrics are starched, of a solution of chloride of lime or
"bleaching powder" of a "chlorimeter" strength, sufficient to remove all
superfluous starch, but at the same time preserving the necessary amount of
starch in the body or substance, as well as preserving the colours possessed of

page_text: all their original beauty in dyed goods or fabrics, as herein-before described,
or any mere modification of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Fleming, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of February, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-four.
JAMES FLEMING. (L.s.)