IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR FACILITATING THE TURNING OVER AND REFERENCE TO LEAVES OR SHEETS OF BOOKS, PAPER AND OTHER MATERIAL, PRINTS, DOCUMENTS, AND PATTERNS, AND IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION THEREOF."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Rigg, of Swaine Street, Bradford, in the County
of York, Designer and Merchant, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS FOR FACILITATING THE TURNING OVER AND REFERENCE TO LEAVES
OR SHEETS OF BOOKS, PAPER AND OTHER MATERIAL, PRINTS, DOCUMENTS,
AND PATTERNS, AND IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE
PRODUCTION THEREOF."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Rigg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1880.
WILLIAM RIGG, of Swaine Street, Bradford, in the County of York, Designer
and Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR FACILITATING THE TURNING
OVER AND REFERENCE TO LEAVES OR SHEETS OF BOOKS, PAPER AND OTHER
MATERIAL, PRINTS, DOCUMENTS, AND PATTERNS, AND IN THE PROCESS AND
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION THEREOF."
The Invention has for its object improvements in means for facilitating the
turning over and reference to leaves or sheets of books, paper and other materials,
prints, documents, and patterns, and in the process and apparatus employed in the
production thereof.
For facilitating the turning over of the leaves of a book or of a collection of
sheets, leaves, prints, documents, or patterns, either bound or otherwise held
together, or even loose, when in bulk I cut off a corner or angle, or make a small
excision from the edge of each sheet or leaf; that of the first leaf or sheet, and each
alternate sheet following, being made at or near the upper part thereof, and that of
the second leaf or sheet and each alternate sheet or leaf following, being made at or
near the lower part thereof; thus by pressing the thumb or finger against the
leaves or sheets at the parts where the said cuts or excisions are made, the leaves or
sheets will readily separate from each other.
For facilitating reference to a page last read, or to any page, sheet, or leaf, print,
pattern, or document, I string across each corner cut as above described of the
book, or collection of leaves or sheets, prints, documents, or patterns, an elastic
band which will hold the leaves or sheets together sufficiently firmly, but will
enable each leaf or sheet to be readily withdrawn therefrom when required.

page_text: In the process of printing, books a number of sheets or leaves are printed at
one impression upon a large sheet of paper, and such large sheet is afterwards
folded so as to bring the sheets or leaves of the book in proper order side by side.
Whilst this large sheet of paper is spread out in readiness for printing, or during
or after such printing, I cut out from each division forming the leaf or sheet of the
book a triangular shaped piece, so that when the large sheet is folded into book
form, every alternate sheet or leaf will appear with its upper corner cut off, and
the intermediate sheets or leaves will appear with their lower corners cut off.
The machinery or apparatus I employ to effect this purpose consists of a number
of cutters arranged or shaped in the form of the triangular pieces required to be
cut out. These cutters are mounted and guided in a suitable frame, and in some
cases are combined with the printing machinery so as to effect the printing and
cutting at one operation; or they may be arranged in a separate machine so as to
perform the cutting operation before or after the printing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Rigg in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th April
1881.
WILLIAM RIGO, of Swaine Street, Bradford, in the County of York, Designer
and Merchant, "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR FACILITATING THE TURNING
OVER AND REFERENCE TO LEAVES OR SHEETS OF BOOKS, PAPER AND OTHER
MATERIAL, PRINTS, DOCUMENTS, AND PATTERNS, AND IN THE PROCESS AND
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION THEREOF."
The Invention has for its object improvements in means for facilitating the
turning over and reference to leaves or sheets of books, paper and other materials,
prints, documents, and patterns, and in the process and apparatus employed in the
production thereof.
For facilitating the turning over of the leaves of a book or of a collection of
sheets, leaves, prints, documents, or patterns, either bound or otherwise held
together, or even loose, when in bulk I cut off a corner or angle, or make a small
excision from the edge of each sheet or leaf, that of the first leaf or sheet, and each
alternate sheet following, being cut at or near the upper part thereof, and that of
the second leaf or sheet, and each alternate sheet or leaf following, being cut at or
near the lower part thereof; thus by pressing the thumb or finger against the leaves or
sheets at the parts where the said cuts or excisions are made, the leaves or sheets
will readily separate from each other.
For facilitating reference to a page last read, or to any page, sheet, or leaf, print,
pattern, or document, I string across cach corner cut as above described of the
book, or collection of leaves, or sheets, prints, documents, or patterns, an elastic
band, which will hold the leaves or sheets together sufficiently firmly, but will
enable each leaf or sheet to be readily withdrawn therefrom when required.

page_text: Figure 1 represents a plan, and Figure 2 an edge view of an open book provided
with my improved means for facilitating the turning over of the leaves thereof;
Figure 3 represents a plan, and Figure 4 an edge view of an open pocket or note
book provided with my improved means for facilitating the turning over and
reference to the leaves thereof, and Figure 5 represents a sheet of paper cut at the
required places either before, during, or after the printing thereon, and previous to
its being folded; Figure 6 represents a plan of an open book, showing another
modification of my Invention. According to my Invention, as represented at
Figures 1 to 4, I cut off a corner or angle a' or a² from each sheet a; that (a) of
the first leaf or sheet and each alternate sheet following being cut, say, at the upper
part thereof, and that (a) of the second leaf or sheet, and each alternate sheet or
leaf following, being cut at the lower part thereof.
In carrying my Invention into effect, as represented at Figures 1 to 4, any
suitable means may be employed for removing the corners of the leaves or sheets,
but in its application to a printed book I either before or after, or during the
printing of each sheet, cut out therefrom the forms a³, represented at Figure 5;
then on folding the sheets at the dotted lines such excisions will be found at the
top or bottom or outer corner of each leaf or sheet in the order above stated.
The excisions as may according to my Invention be produced during the process
of printing a sheet of paper, by means of suitable cutters made up with the
'form," or such cutting may be effected either before or after the printing
by means of suitable cutters mounted in a machine specially adapted for the
purpose.
According to the modification represented at Figure 6, instead of removing the
corners of the sheets or leaves, as before described, excisions a, a, are made in
the outer edge of each sheet or leaf, the excision a, say, of the first leaf or sheet a,
and each alternate sheet following, being made near the upper part thereof, and
that of, say, the second leaf or sheet, and each alternate sheet or leaf following,
being made near the lower part thereof. These excisions inay be made in any
convenient manner, but the method and means described with respect to Figure 5
are those which I prefer to employ. I have not thought it necessary to show a
Drawing of the above means or apparatus for cutting the sheets, as such will be
readily understood by a competent mechanic. Thus by pressing the thumb or
finger against the leaves or sheets at the parts where the said cuts a¹, a², or
excisions a, a, are made, the leaves or sheets can be readily separated from each
other.

page_text: . For facilitating reference to a page last read, or to any page, sheet, or leaf, print,
pattern, or docuinent, I according to my Invention, as represented at Figures 3
and 4, string across each corner a', a², cut, as above described, of the book or
collection of leaves, sheets, prints, documents, or patterns, an elastic band b, which
will hold the collection of leaves or sheets together sufficiently firmly, but will
leave the cut off corner of the uppermost sheet of such collection free so as to
enable each leaf or sheet to be readily withdrawn therefrom when required. Or if
desired the plan represented at Figures 1 and 2 may be employed for facilitating
reference to the sheets or leaves, but which I do not claim as part of my present
Invention.
In this arrangement a tape, riband, or cord is fastened to one cover of the book
and threaded through holes formed in the leaves, by which means, as the pages are
consecutively read, the leaves or sheets are turned over, and the tape, riband, or
cord withdrawn therefrom, leaving the latter still threaded through the leaves
or sheets not read, or a particular page to which future reference is required to be
made can be indicated in like manner.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the mode in
which I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim
is,—
First. The improvements in means for facilitating the turning over and reference
to leaves or sheets of books, paper and other material, prints, documents, and
and
patterns, substantially as herein shown and described;
Second. I claim the process and apparatus employed in preparing the leaves or
sheets cf books, paper and other material, prints, documents, and patterns, to
facilitate the turning over of the same leaf by leaf, substantially as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Rigg, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.