IMPROVED INSPECTION OPENINGS FOR DRAINS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, FRANCIS ARMSTRONG of 69 Irish Street Dumfries Scotland, Architect Land-
surveyor and Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for IMPROVED INSPECTION OPENINGS FOR DRAINS, to be as follows:-
•
I. The invention has for its object the obtaining of easy access to the drains at
any time for cleaning flushing and examining them.
II. They are made of fireclay salt glazed and are nine inches by nine inches by
nine inches deep inside being square or diamond shaped boxes placed diamond
ways on the drain pipe the bottom forming the channel for main drain which may
be nine, six, five, four or three inches wide suitable for drain pipes nine, six, five,
four, or three inches diameter inside and the branches may be six five, four or
three inches diameter inside flowing into the main with separate curved channels
and there may be one branch as in Figure number two or twentyfive on
accompanying drawing or two branches as in Figures number one, sixteen or
seventeen or three branches as in figures number twenty or two heads as in
figure number twenty three or without branches as in figure number thirteen
being the channel of the main drain curved to change the direction of it at a right
or other angle to the right or left side and the branches may be on the right or
left side according to the requirements of the positions the junctions may be
placed in.
III. The square or diamond shaped openings they form on the drains will be.
built up to the surface of the ground with bricks or stones plastered with cement
or lime or with a square or diamond shaped fireclay glazed pipe and have on the
top covers of freestone six or four inches thick, or fireclay or cement two or three
inches thick or iron plates with handles for lifting them.
IV. The drains will be laid in straight lines from opening to opening and at any
time the covers can be lifted a rod and brush put down the drain or a strong.flush
of water and thereby easily cleaned and cleared. They may also be examined by
putting a lamp in one opening and a looking glass in the next one thus shewing
any defect which may have taken place with the pipes.
V. The Improved Inspection openings may be made any size, the main channel
therein straight or curved to any angle and the branches one or more on one or
both sides of the main channel and may join at any angle.
... 115 AT 11 1
FRANCIS ARMSTRONG,
Architect, &c.

page_text: Improved Inspection Openings for Drains.
I FRANCIS ARMSTRONG of 69 Irish Street Dumfries Scotland, Architect, Land-
surveyor and Sanitary Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for IMPROVED INSPECTION OPENINGS FOR DRAINS and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My Invention has for its object the obtaining of easy access to the drains at
any time for cleaning flushing and examining them.
They are made of fireclay salt glazed and are nine inches by nine inches by
nine inches deep inside being square or diamond shaped boxes placed diamond
ways on the drain pipe, the bottom forming the channel for main drain which
may be nine, five, four, or three inches wide, suitable for drain pipes, nine, six, five,
four or three inches diameter inside, and the branches may be six, five, four, or
three inches diameter flowing into the main with separate curved channels, at one,
two or three inches above the main, and there may be one branch as in Figure
number two, or number twenty five on drawings accompanying Provisional
Specification, or two branches as in Figures number one, sixteen, or seventeen, or
three branches as in Figure number twenty, or two heads as in Figure number
twenty three, or without branches as in Figure number thirteen, which forms a
curve for the channel of the main drain, to change the direction of it, at a right or
other angle, to the right or left side and the branches may be on the right or left
aide according to the requirements of the positions the junctions may be placed in.
The square or diamond shaped openings thus formed on the drains will be built
up to the surface of the ground with bricks or stones plastered with cement or
lime, or formed with a square shaped fireclay glazed pipe, and have on the top
covers of freestone, six or four inches thick, or fireclay or cement two or three
inches thick, or iron plates with handles for lifting them.
The drains will be laid in straight lines from junction to junction, and at any
time the covers may be lifted, a rod with brush put down the drain, or a strong
flush of water, and thereby be easily cleaned and cleared They may also be
examined by putting a lamp in one junction and a looking glass in the next, or if
not deep drains, a looking glass in each which will show daylight through them,
showing any defect, or breakage which may have taken place in the pipes.
The Improved Inspection openings may be made any size, the main channel
therein straight, or curved to any angle, and the branches one or more, or one or
more on both sides of the main channel, and may join at any angle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The opening forms a point at which the main and branch drains can be
curved to follow any direction combined with the advantage of having one, two,
three or more branch connections at the same point,

page_text: 2. The drains being in straight lines between each opening the openings form
easy access for cleaning the drains by putting in a rod with a brush or hook, or by
filling them as a flushing tank with water.
"
3. The openings give the opportunity of putting lamps or lights and mirrors
down into the drains wherewith to look through them, and
4. Access is readily obtained by them, to one or more drains at once, and the
point where drains have been stopped, or where the constructions of joints, or pipes
have given way readily discovered thereby saving labour opening the drains to
find stoppages.