Improvements in or relating to Watering-carts and the like.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 14th July, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 14th May, 1900-Accepted, 16th June, 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Watering-carts and the like.
I, EDWARD SHRAPNELL SMITH, Chemical Engineer, of 35, Botanic Road, Waver-
tree Park, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to watering-carts and the like, its object being the employ-
ment in such vehicles of pressure to cause the water to issue at the outlet orifices
with a velocity greater than that which it would possess if it issued under the
influence only of its natural head; by this means the effective range or spread of
the water is increased to practically any desirable extent without involving the
weight, expense and complication attendant upon mechanical methods such as
paddles and other forms of mechanical spreaders.
In carrying out the invention the tank or cart body or other vessel containing
the water is made gas tight in its upper portions as well as liquid tight in its
lower portions and the pressure is provided by any suitable means.
For example,
a pump or other compressing apparatus actuated preferably from the road wheel
of the vehicle or a hand pump or equivalent would supply the requisite pressure.
Other means however, differing widely from these may be employed for the same
purpose, and as an instance of this the exhaust from an oil or other engine could
be utilized for this purpose, and where the van was motor driven this could be
used with useful effect. Another instance would be the charging of the vessel
from the water mains under pressure, air vessels, spring compressors or other
means being, if necessary, employed to maintain the pressure to the end. By
this method of charging the tank or vessel may be usefully arranged to rise bodily
as the water enters it so as to utilize the weight of the tank itself for the purpose
of expelling the water under a pressure greater than that of its normal head.
Any suitable relief, safety, non-return and cut-off valves may be employed as
and where desired, and these may be arranged so as to maintain the pressure and
compensate for the loss by weight of water if required. The discharge tube or
rose may be made in sections if desired, and these may be adjustable independently
or together to vary the direction or height of the discharge.
Where a motor van is employed the motor may be utilized for obtaining the
compression either by its exhaust as above stated or by driving a pump or equi-
valent means; where the exhaust is utilized for the pressure the tank or vessel
will serve as a very efficient exhaust silencer. Where found desirable the air or
equivalent pressure may be separated from the water or other liquid to be dis-
charged by a collapsible bag, movable partition, piston, or other suitable means.
Dated this 14th day of July 1899:
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Watering-carts and the like.
I, EDWARD SHRAPNELL SMITH, Chemical Engineer, of 35, Botanic Road, Waver-
tree Park, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to watering carts and the like, its object being to provide
improvements, in such vehicles, in the means of providing pressure for causing
the water to issue at the outlet orifices with a velocity greater than that which it
would possess if it issued under the influence only of its natural head; by these
means the effective range or spread of the water is increased to practically any
desired extent without involving the weight, expense and complication attendant
upon mechanical methods, such as paddles and other forms of mechanical spreaders.
When applying this invention to a motor driven watering cart, the motor
exhaust may be led into the interior of the tank containing the water in order to
provide the pressure above mentioned. Preferably the initial pressure for the
expulsion of the water is obtained by compressing the air in the filling of the
tank from a water main, and this pressure is maintained by other means, such.
for example, as the exhaust from an engine or by providing a separate air
reservoir in which air is compressed by means of pumps, driven either from the
motor, or, where such a motor is not available, from the road wheel. Where the
air reservoir is employed, it is connected to the interior of the tank and this con-
nection may be controlled by means of a non-return valve, in which case the
admission of compressed air to the tank from the reservoir would be automatic,
or by means of a cut-off valve operated by any convenient means under the control
of the driver. If desired, a direct connection may be made between the pump and
the tank, this connection being provided with a valve also under the control of
the driver. It is preferred to provide a safety valve upon the tank in order to
prevent the pressure from exceeding a predetermined maximum.
Where the exhaust from the motor is employed the tank will serve as a very
efficient exhaust silencer. An ordinary silencer however may also be used so that
when the desired pressure within the tank has been reached the exhaust may be
led direct to the silencer, either by valves under the control of the driver, or
automatically by making the silencer adjustable or so proportioning its orifices
that the exhaust will maintain the desired pressure but not exceed it.
If desired the compressed air, or other medium which supplies the pressure in
the tank, may be separated from the water therein by means of a collapsible bag,
a piston or in any other convenient manner.
In the accompanying drawings: :―
Figure 1 is an underside plan of a motor driven watering cart to which this
invention is applied;
Figure 2 is an elevation, and
Figure 3 a plan of a watering cart similar to that shown in Figure 1 but
illustrating a modification.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
The general construction of the vehicle is best seen in Figure 2, A being the
tank which is made air tight in its upper portions as well as water-tight in the
lower parts and is secured to the frame B carried on the wheels C. Water under
pressure from the mains is admitted to the tank A through the inlet D, and in
filling the tank will compress the air contained therein so that the water will be
caused to issue from the orifices E at a velocity greater than it would possess

page_text: if it were under the influence only of its natural head. A man-hole A¹ may be
provided for cleaning purposes, and it is preferred to secure a safety valve A² to
the tank in order to prevent the pressure from exceeding a predetermined maxi-
mum. This safety valve is shown as one of the screw-down type, but any other
construction may be employed.
Referring now to Figure 1, the motor F, which preferably comprises two
cylinders G, G', operates a transverse crank shaft H, motion being communicated
to the road wheels from the crank shaft H through the pinion H³, chain H2 and
sprocket wheel C¹. As the water in the tank A is expelled by the pressure of the
air, as hereinbefore described, it will follow that the pressure will gradually be
lowered, and to maintain this pressure the exhaust from the motor F is utilised.
The exhaust from the cylinders G, G¹, is led into the upper portion of the
interior of the tank through a common exhaust pipe J, back pressure being pre-
vented by the safety valve A (Figure 2). A silencer K may also be provided and
is connected to the exhaust pipe J by the pipe K', so that if desired the exhaust
may be led into it instead of into the interior of the tank, the direction of the
exhaust being controlled by the two-way cock K2; this cock is under the control
of the driver and is operated by him through any convenient means such as a
series of links, bell crank and other levers.
If desired the safety valve A2 and cock K² may be omitted. In this case the
silencer is made adjustable, or its orifices so proportioned that the exhaust from
the cylinders G, G₁, will maintain the desired pressure within the tank A but
will not exceed it.
Figures 2 and 3 illustrate a modification of this invention applied to a watering
cart propelled by means in which an engine exhaust is not available for creating
or maintaining pressure within the tank. In this case a separate compressed air
reservoir L is provided and is secured to the cart in any convenient position. The
compressed air is supplied to the reservoir L from pumps M, which may be either
double or single acting, by means of a pipe M'. The pumps M are operated from
the driving motor or from the road wheel C through the sprocket C', chain H²,
pinion H and transverse crank shaft H. The compressed air from the reservoir L
is led into the upper portion of the interior of the tank A by means of the pipe L',
the admission of the compressed air being controlled either by a non-return valve
or by a cock L² operated by the driver.
If desired a direct connection may be made between the tank A and the pumps M
by means of a pipe M2; a valve M³ operated by the driver is situated in the
Pipe M
Arrangements may be made for throwing one or both of the pumps out of
action either by disconnecting them from the shaft H or by opening their delivery
outlets to the atmosphere.
By the employment of a separate compressed air reservoir, such as L, under the
control of the driver, it will be possible to increase the effective range of the
watering cart at will.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In a motor driven watering cart connecting the motor exhaust to the in-
terior of the tank for the purpose described.
2. The combination in a watering cart of a motor for propelling the vehicle a
tank for containing the water and a connection between the two whereby the
exhaust from the motor is utilised to create pressure in the tank for the purpose of
expelling the water.
3. In a watering cart obtaining the initial pressure for the expulsion of the
water by compressing the air in the filling of the tank from a water main and
maintaining the pressure by other means such for example as the exhaust from
an engine.

page_text: 4. In a watering cart the combination with the tank of an exhaust branch from
the engine and a safety valve or a silencer such as K for the purpose described.
5. In a watering cart the combination with the tank of an engine exhaust
silencer.
6. In a watering cart the employment of the water tank as a silencer for the
exhaust of an engine.
7. In a watering cart the combination with the tank containing water under
pressure of a separate compressed air reservoir communicating with the tank for
the purpose described.
8. In a watering cart the combination of a tank an air pump driven from the
road wheel and an air reservoir with or without a direct connection between the
pump and tank substantially as and for the purpose described.
9. In a watering cart separating the compressed air or other medium which
supplies the pressure from the water in the tank.
10. The complete watering cart substantially as described or illustrated in
Figure 1 or in Figures 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
י.-.
..
1
1000
E. SHRAPNELL SMITH.
Boult, Wade & Kilburn,
Agents for the Applicant.
E. SHRAPNELL SMITH.
Boult, Wade & Kilburn,
Agents for the Applicant.