Year: 1885

page_text: I JAMES BLAKE of the Britannia Foundry, Newton Heath, Manchester in the
County of Lancaster, Boiler Maker do hereby declare the nature of this Invention
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus adapted more particularly for use as prime
movers but applicable also for use in the measurement of and in the raising or
forcing of water or other fluid. In carrying into effect my invention I employ
pistons which are controlled in their movements by being connected with parts
which revolve upon axes which are inclined with respect to the line of movements
of the pistons. In an apparatus provided with two pairs of cylinders each pair
would revolve around an axis the axis of one pair being inclined with respect to
that of the other pair or both pairs having a common axis. In the former case
each pair of cylinders would be formed in or carried by a body or frame fitted to
revolve and jointed to a cross or coupling head the axis of one joint being at right.
angles to that of the other as in the case of the so termed universal joint. Each
pair of pistons is connected by means of jointed links or connecting rods with the
said cross head the axes of the joints made by one pair of links with the cross head
being at right angles to the axis of the joint made by the said cross head with
the body or frame which carries or contains the other pair of cylinders. The effect
of this combination is that the pistons are moved to and fro in their cylinders and
the two bodies or frames are caused to revolve or on the other hand when the
two bodies or frames are caused to revolve the pistons are moved to and fro. In
the case in which the two pairs of cylinders revolve around a common axis each
pair of pistons is connected with a separate coupling head which revolves upon an
inclined axis the two sets being arranged back to back. Each of the two coupling
heads is compelled to rotate upon its axis by being mounted to revolve in a turned.
annular bearing which is formed in or carried by a fixed bracket or part. The two
bodies or frames carrying the pairs of cylinders are secured upon a shaft. Inlet
and discharge ports and passages are provided so that as the bodies or frames
revolve the steam or other fluid is admitted to and discharged from the cylinder as
the bodies or frames revolve. When dispensing with separate valves for controlling

page_text: the movements of the fluid I mount each body carrying or containing a pair of
cylinders or a part of such body or of a frame when such is used to revolve within
a cylinder or bearing or in contact with a surface and provide ports and passages
in the parts so that the inlet and discharge passages are opened and closed by the
revolving movements of one part within or upon another. In a modification only
one pair of cylinders is used and the coupling head swivels upon a fixed fulcrum
in which the inlet and discharge passages may be formed. A connecting link
swivels upon the said coupling bead upon an axis at right angles to the axis of'
motion of the coupling head and the said connecting link is connected by means of
a ball bearing with the pin of a crank upon a shaft whose axis is parallel with the
axes of the cylinders. This arrangement may be varied by fixing or forming
connecting rod which takes hold of the crank pin upon a coupling head or disc
which is free to swivel in all directions as when mounted upon a ball joint and is
acted upon by any convenient number of pistons having their axes arranged around
the axis of motion of the said coupling head or diso.
a

page_text: עגעJL
BOITICATION,
Improvements in Motive Power Engines, Applicable also to
Meters and Pumps.
I JAMES BLAKE of the Britannia Foundry, Newton Heath, Manchester in the
County of Lancaster, Boiler Maker do hereby declare the nature of this Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings:-
My Invention relates to apparatus adapted more particularly for use as prime
movers but applicable also for use in the measurement of and in the raising or
forcing of water or other fluid. In carrying into effect my invention I employ
pistons which are controlled in their movements by being connected with parts
which revolve upon axes which are inclined with respect to the line of movements
of the pistons. My invention will be best described with reference to the accom-
panying drawings wherein are illustrated two examples of steam moters constructed
in accordance with my invention. In the said drawings Fig. 1. represents a vertical
longitudinal section and Fig. 2. a cross section of a motor having two pairs of
cylinders each pair revolving around an axis which is inclined, with respect to the
axis of the other pair. Figs. 3. and 4. are corresponding views of a motor having
the cylinders revolving around a common axis. In Figs. 1. and 2. a. a¹ are two
cylinder blocks which are turned and fitted to revolve in seatings in fixed
supports b. b which are secured to or formed in one piece with the foundation
casting or plate c. Each cylinder block is formed with two lugs a* which are
bored to suit joint pins d. whereby the blocks are jointed to a cross or coupling
head e.
It will be seen that the axis of the joint which one cylinder block makes
with the cross is at right angles to the axis of the joint of the other cylinder
block the arrangement being similar to a so termed universal joint or coupling.
This method of coupling together the two cylinder blocks permits of the concerted
rotation of the two cylinder blocks although the two axes of rotation are inclined
with respect to each other. In each cylinder block are formed two cylindrical
chambers which are bored to receive pistons f. f¹ and each piston is connected by
means of a jointed link g. g' with the said cross. The axes of the joints made by
the links g. with the cross are parallel with the axis of the joint which the cylinder
block a. makes with the cross and are at right angles with the axes of the corre-
sponding joints made by the links g¹ and block a¹ with the said cross. The effect
of this combination and the described arrangement of the joints is that when
the pistons are inoved to and fro in their cylindrical chambers the two cylinder
blocks are caused to revolve or on the other hand if the two cylinder blocks be
revolved the pistons will be moved to and fro. Each cylinder block is provided
with a shaft h. which is turned to be concentric with the axis of the block
and is fitted to revolve in a bearing in the part b. Upon one of these shafts
is fixed a fly wheel i. If the apparatus be designed for use as a motor one or

page_text: each of the shafts may be provided with any suitable means for imparting move-
ment to machinery as is usual. Inlet and exhaust passages are provided for
the impelling fluid which I will suppose to be steam. The steam is admitted
through a passage j. which communicates with a curved passage k. which extends
partly around the interior of the chamber in which the cylinder block revolves.
An exhaust passage l. communicates with a curved passage m. which also extends
partly around the said chamber. As each cylinder block revolves a port n.
establishes a communication between the interior of each piston chamber and
the passages . and m. alternately so that each piston chamber is supplied with
steam for a suitable period of the revolution and is afterwards relieved from
the steam pressure during a portion of the remainder of the revolution so that the
two cylinder blocks are caused to revolve. and being coupled together with the
coupling joints at right angles they have a concerted action one block assisting
the other over the dead points as will be well understood. The example illustrated
by figs. 3. and 4. differs from the example just described in that the two cylinder
blocks revolue on a common axis and are each jointed to a separate cross or
coupling head which is mounted to revolve upon an inclined axis the angles of
inclination corresponding and converging to the vertical centre line of the engine
as will be seen from an inspection of Fig. 3. Each coupling cross is connected by
means of joint pins d. with a turned ring o. which is fitted to revolve in a turned
seating formed in a standard p. and each cross is also connected by means of joint
pins d. with the lugs a². upon the cylinder blocks as in the other example the
joints connected with one cylinder block having the herein before described right
angled relation with the corresponding joints, connected with the other cylinder
block. A single shaft h. extends through both cylinder blocks and also through
both of the rings o. and revolves in bearings formed in the standards p. p. and in
the central standard b. Steam is supplied to the piston chambers and is exhausted
therefrom by the passages which are designated by the same letters of reference as
åre used in Figs. 1 and 2. the circulation of the steam being similar in both
examples. When steam is admitted the pistons by thrusting upon the rings o.
cause them to revolve in their seatings and this revolving motion is communicated
to the cylinder blocks and from such blocks to the central shaft. It will be obvius
that when constructing a motor according to either of the two examples the steam
passages must be so arranged as that the steam shall be admitted to a piston for
some suitable portion of the half revolution during which the connection of the
piston with the coupling cross is receding from the cylinder or cylinder block in
which such piston is fitted to slide and that on the contrary the exhaust passage
shall be open during a large portion of the other half revolution whilst the said
connection is approaching the said cylinder or cylinder block. I may arrangé for
the steam to be expanded from one cylinder into another or into others. In the
examples the passages and ports for controlling, the flow of the steam are formed
within the parts in such a manner as that the inlet and exhaust passages are
opened and closed by the revolving of the cylinder blocks within their seatings but
in some cases I might prefer to employ ordinary or suitable slide or other valves
actuated by means of excentrics of cams or by suitable means for effecting the
same object. Water or other fluid may be used in place of steam to supply
the motive force and also by applying force by suitable means to the shaft h.
the apparatus may be used in the pumping exliausting measuring or forcing of
fluids. The examples illustrated are supposed to be small motors of the simplest
construction but it will be understood that when constructing larger motors or
pumps the details would be varied as for example instead of the parts a. a¹ being
each in the form of a cylindrical block bored to receive the two pistons they
might be frames or rings to which bored cylinders would be bolted or secured.
I do not confine myself to the number of pistons that each part corresponding
to the block a or a¹ may carry as such part may be provided with more than
two pistons,
3.4

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
(1) The combination of parts forming the apparatus constructed and acting
substantially as and for the purposes set forth and indicated herein before and in
the accompanying drawings.
(2) In apparatus of the indicated character two sets of hollow cylinders fitted
with pistons and carried by revolvable cylinder carriers each set of cylinders
revolving around an axis which is inclined from the axis of revolution of the
other set the said carriers being jointed to a coupling cross or piece to which also
the piston connecting links are jointed the axes of the joints for one cylinder
carrier with its pistons being at right angles to the axes of the corresponding
joints of the other cylinder carrier and pistons passages for controlling the flow of
fluid being provided substantially as set forth and indicated with reference to
figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
(3) In apparatus of the indicated character two sets of pistons mounted in
carriers which are arranged to revolve around the axis of a shaft and which are
jointed to rings which are mounted to revolve upon inclined converging axes and
to which the connecting links of the pistons are also jointed the joints of one
carrier and set being at right angles to the joints of the other carrier and set
substantially as set forth and indicated with reference to Figs. 3. and 4 of the
drawings attached hereto..