IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING FILES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaino Moreau, of the
General Patent Offices, 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of
France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Patent Agent, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING FILES."—A
"communication from Pierre Alexandre Chacot, residing at 17, Ruo
Croix des Petits Champs, Paris, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 21st February 1865, and dated the 26th September 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Armand le Comte
de Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 26th September 1864.
I, PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the General Patent.
Offices, 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South.
Street, Finsbury, London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the:
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING FILES," to be.as
follows, that is to say :-
The Invention communicated to me. consists in the construction of a '
machine for cutting files, and is composed of four principal parts, viz., firstly:
the frame; secondly, the slide; thirdly, the tool holder; fourthly, the:
dividing guage:.
The frame is composed of two parts, the base being of.. the form of a.
parallelogram, on which are mounted four columns for receiving the second
part formed by two frames joined together by four cross pieces.
:

page_text: The slide is composed of the anvil, the stake, the file carrier, and the
dividing screw, at the extremity of which is fixed a bevil wheel receiving its
movement from the horizontal bevil wheel placed on the anvil, with which it
gears, whatever may be the angle of the slide.
The tool holder is composed of a small slide supported by two brackets,
the centre of movement of which is placed at the same elevation as the
surface of the file carrier, and whatever may be the inclination of the tool
or cutter its oblique edge will always be in the centre of the stake.
The dividing guage is composed of an excentric mounted on the principal
shaft, which gives by its continuous circular movement an alternate rectilinear
movement to the connecting rod, and communicates to a cranked lever an
alternate circular movement, and by means of a click acting on the teeth of
a wheel gives to the last a continuous circular movement which is transmitted
to the two bevil wheels of the dividing screw, by which means the file carrier
is made to advance.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters. Patent, filed
by the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 25th March 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the General Patent Offices,
10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, Her special licence that
I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Armand le
Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING FILES" (communicated to me by Pierre
Alexandre Chacot, a person resident at 17, Rue Croix des Petits Champs,

page_text: Paris, in the Empire of France, upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
Drawings hereto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that
is to say:-
The Invention communicated to me consists of improvements in the con-
struction of machines for cutting files, and is composed of four principal parts,
videlicet; firstly, the frame; secondly, the bed; thirdly, the tool holder;
fourthly, the dividing gauge.
The frame is composed of two parts, the base being of the form of a
parallelogram on which are mounted four columns for receiving the second
part formed by two frames joined together by four cross picces.
The bed is composed of the anvil, the stake, the file carrier, and the
dividing screw, at the extremity of which is fixed a bevil wheel receiving
its movement from the horizontal bevil wheel placed on the anvil with which
gears, whatever may be the angle of the bed.
it
The tool holder is composed of a small bed supported by two brackets, the
centre of movement of which is placed at the same elevation as the surface of
the file carrier, and whatever may be the inclination of the tool or cutter, its
oblique edge will always be in the centre of the stake.
The dividing gauge is composed of an eccentric mounted on the principal
shaft which gives by its continuous circular movement an alternate rectilinear
movement to the connecting rod, and communicates to a cranked lever an
alternate circular movement, and by means of a click acting on the teeth of
a wheel gives to the last a continuous circular movement which is transmitted
to the two bevil wheels of the dividing screw, by which means the file carrier
is made to advance.
. And in order to have the Invention more easily understood, I beg to refer
to the annexed Drawings, in which the same letters of reference in all the
Figures therein contained indicate parts which are similar.

page_text: Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal elevation of the machine; Figure 2,
Sheet 1, is a general plan of the machine, and represents the eccentric R,
mounted on the principal shaft H.
Figure 1, Sheet 2, a front elevation of the machine in its greatest.width;
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 represent the whole of the tool holder mechanism,
and its details. Figure 7 represents the hammer, its shaft or handle, and its
mode of rising. Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11 represent the bed, the file carrier,
the stake, and some of its details; Figure 12 represents the dividing gauge
employed for moving forward the bed; Figure 18 represents the system for
putting out of gear; Figure 14 represents the face and side of the brake;
Figure 15, Sheet 1, represents the plan of a different disposition of the bed;
Figure 16 is an elevation of the same, according to its length; and, lastly,
All the above
Figure 17 is a section according to A, B, of Figure 15.
Figures are drawn to a scale of one-fifth full size.
The frame is composed of two parts, firstly, of a parallelogram, on which
are four columns B, cast in one piece. On these four columns is placed the
second part C, fixed by means of bolts and nuts a. This second part is com-
posed of the frame C, made of two equal side pieces and joined by four
separate cross bars D and four brackets E, with the lugs F, also cast in one
and the same piece; at the sides of the frame are placed the plumber blocks G,
the brass bearings of which receive the principal shaft H. At the two sides
of the frame C, on the cross pieces i, are placed the plumber blocks J, the
brass journals of which receive the shaft K of the hammer Z, placed at the
end of the lever V. In front of the frame is placed the quadrant M, with a
groove in nearly the whole of its length for receiving the tenon L of the piece
G which slides freely, but without play and is held by a nut serving to
regulate the movement of the bed. At each end of the quadrant M is fixed
a stop o, and dog with lever P, serving to hold the bed when in its proper
position. On the principal shaft H is fixed by two keys the eccentric R,
which moves the lever of the hammer at each revolution of, this shaft; at one
extremity of shaft H are two other eccentrics A¹, K¹¹, one of which acts on
the dividing gauge, and the other regulates the height of the cutter; at the
other extremity of the said shaft H is fixed the mechanism S, the fly wheel U,
and the drum T, which receives its movement by any motive power. The
mechanism for putting out of gear is composed of two crown ratchet wheels
b, c, forming together a catching with a click. The part b is guided in its
rectilinear movement on the shaft H by two permanent, keys, and communi-
cates to it a rotary movement by means of the cranked lever A* having its
centre of movement at B. The ratchet teeth of gear with those of the

page_text: piece c, fixed on the fly wheel U, this fly wheel receiving its movement from
the drum T, which becomes loose when the machine ceases to be in gear.
The cranked lever A' is at its upper extremity furnished with two forked arms
d, e, which carry two screws C, D, each extremity of which is projecting about
three-fourths of an inch, so as to penetrate freely in the holes made for the
purpose in the washer E*, set into the flutings of the part b so that it follows
the movement which it receives from the lever A. The handle of the
hammer V is a curved lever, having its bearing on the point K; at one
of its extremities is fitted the hammer Z, fixed by two keys g, h, whilst the
other extremity of this lever m, presses on the buffer n, made of hard wood,
which being in contact with india-rubber packing rings contained in the cast
iron cylinder p reacts and accelerates the fall of the hammer. The lifter Y
formed at its base with a frame, between the arms of which is placed the
handle V of the hammer, is crossed at K in its hinge joint movement with tho
handle V by the hammer arbor K, and is held firmly by the shoulder S and
the screw t placed at each side bebind the lifter; a little above the frame is
placed a strong shoulder d through which passes a set screw p, the extremity
of which rests on the handle of the hammer and serves to lengthen and
shorten the lifter Y from the eccentric R, and to regulate the lift of the
hammer Z. The gauge employed for the division of the file and the move-
ment of the bed is composed of an ecentric A¹, its frame B', with its key a¹,
the connecting rod c¹, the cranked lever D¹ having its centre at 61, the catch
E and of the wheel F¹. The eccentric A¹ fixed on the main shaft by two
keys gives by its continuous circular movement an alternate rectilinear move-
ment to the connecting rod, which communicates to the cranked lever D¹ an
alternate circular movement, and the catch of which acting on the teeth of
the wheel F¹ gives to it a continuous circular movement, which causes the
bed to advance or recede, according to the position of the catch E'. The
extremity of the connecting rod linked at G³ to the tenon of the nut traversed
by the adjusting screw H¹ placed in the opening made in the arm I of the lever
causes the arm J holding the catch E' to oscillate, and causes also the wheel
to advance from 1 to 5 teeth, according to the cut that is required on the
file. For that purpose a division prepared on the arm of the lever corre-
sponds with the number of teeth the click is to catch, that is to say, the
nearer the nut to which is fixed the hinge of the rod is to the centre the greater
will be the run of the catch, and, on the contrary, the further it is from the centre,
the run of the catch will be so much less. The cranked lever D¹ in its alternate
circular movement has its centre fixed freely on the shaft K¹ on which is
fixed by two small keys the cog wheel F¹, upon which falls the catch E' at

page_text: each oscillating movement of the lever D¹ to which it is fixed freely by the
tenon R', the shaft K³ placed freely between the journals of the supports L',
fixed on the frame A, carries at its extremity (fixed by two keys) the bevil
wheel P¹ gearing with the wheel D", to which it communicates the continuous
circular movement that it receives from the wheel F. That movement is
produced by the action of the catch E', the lever D¹, the connecting rod c
and by the eccentric A¹.
Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11, Sheet 2, represent the bed, the stake, and the
anvil. The bed is composed of the anvil A", the stake B", and the file
holder o. The anvil A" which is fixed on a block by means of four bolts
with nuts is concentrically bored in the whole of its height for receiving the
stake B", which traverses it freely without play, to enable it insuring its
fulcrum on the block. On the top part of the anvil A" is placed the bevil
wheel D¹ supported in its horizontal rotary movement by the shoulder or
collar a fixed to the anvil; a little above the turned part of the stake B¹¹
are placed, and diametrically opposite, two strong bored lugs 11, to which are
fixed the extremities of the parallel columns or guides; the other extremities
are fixed to the piece G", by the nuts a", 6", the piece G" is also traversed
by the adjusting screw H" the nut of which being fixed to this piece by two.
screws; this adjusting screw serving as a counterpoint receives the end of
the dividing screw L", the other extremity of which crosses the stake B" and
carries the bevil wheel M", gearing with the bevil wheel D" from which it
receives its rotary motion. The dividing screw L" is fastened at each end at
equal distances from the guides F", and is on the same level throughout its
entire length.
It passes through the piece G, to which is fixed the brass
nut N (Figure 8, Sheet 2) of the dividing screw. That screw is formed
of two pieces for regulating the play that this screw is to have in its nut.
This piece G represented in section (Figure 8, Sheet 2) is traversed at its
base by the two columns F" which serve to guide the longitudinal movement
which is given to it by the screw L" in its rotary motion. The said piece G
carries on its upper part two journals fixed by a frame Y"; between the two
journals is placed the circular channel made at the end of the file carrier o",
which follows the movement of the piece G, the other end of the file carrier
rests in the circular channel of the stake B", in which channel it slides freely
with a longitudinal motion forwards and backwards when it follows the piece
G; at the extreme end Y" of the file carrier o¹¹ is prepared a square part
upon which is fixed the handle E by means of a nut which serves to place
the surface of the file parallel to the face of the cutter, in order that the filo
hould be cut equally in the whole of its width. At the back of this handle

page_text: is fixed a tenon e¹¹ with a hole in which slides freely in the whole of its length
the spindle f", fixed to the stop piece X" which is kept in its longitudinal
movement on the file carrier o¹ by the lugs h" which slide in the grooves
made in each side of the file carrier; a spiral spring is fixed on the spindle,
f", works against the stop piece X", and by pressing against the end of the
file keeps it on the file carrier, the file is also pressed flat on the file carrier at
the part submitted to the action of the cutter by a roller P", placed between the
frame R", and the cutter. The box R" is fixed by means of two keys on the
shaft S", turning freely in the journals of the two brackets T¹¹ fixed on the
stake at each side of the grooving; at the end of the shaft S", and outside the
brackets, is fixed the lever U" which serves to raise the roller and to.
disengage the file when it is cut, the end of the file carrier is traversed
in the whole of its height by the forked piece V₁ which receives the tang of
the file.
Figure 15, Sheet 1, represents the plan of a different mode in the con-
struction of the bed, and Figure 16 of the same Sheet is an elevation accord-
ing to the length of the same; and Figure 17 also of Sheet 1, is a section
according to A, B, of Figure 15. The anvil A", and bevil wheel Dч, are.
the same as I have herein-before described. But the two beds F" are replaced
by a semi-roller represented in section by Figure 17. This semi-roller serves to
cover the dividing screw L", and its nut N" to shelter them from the file or
any other metallic dust by which these two important pieces may be injured.
A collar K", K", K", K", forms one of the extremities of the bed F", and is
composed of two pieces having the shape of a journal and united by two bolts.
f, f, so as to allow the stake B₁ to slide freely between them. This stake
carries two permanent keys diametrically opposite, which by sliding freely,
but without play, within the grooves a, b, of the collar, cause the stake to,
follow the bed in its slanting movement. The stake being moveable in a
vertical direction can rise or fall without interfering with the movement of
the bed in case, as it may happen, that the block could be damaged by its
permanent contact with the stake. The box Yu fixed to the piece G", G",
serves to support one of the extremities of the file holder o", o", the other end
moves freely within the semicircular grooves of the stake B". The brass nut-
N", Figure 17, of the dividing screw L" is also fixed to the piece G", and
by its alternate rotative movement gives to that said piece an alternate move-
ment.
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, Sheet 2, represent the tool holder which is formed.
of two uprights D joined by a tie piece and supports a¹, the whole in one.
piece, and having its centre of movement on A¹. These uprights being

page_text: grooved nearly the whole of their height, contain in their centre the screws Eш,
by means of which the whole of the gearing of the cutter holder may be raised
and lowered; these screws have the same thread and pass through the brass
nuts F1, fixed to the part G, (Figure 2, Sheet 2); they are held freely at their
upper part by the screw 61, forming a counterpoint, and fixed at the upper
part of the piece or uprights D, whilst their lower ends, forming a pivot, are
made to turn in the lower part of the uprights D. A little above the part
forming a pivot are fixed the small brass worm wheels gearing with the adjusting
screw H¹¹, from which they receive their rotary motion. This endless screw H¹
turns freely in the journals fixed on the uprights D, and has at one end a
crank arm M which serves to regulate the height of the cutter holder when
it is necessary to change or replace the file after it has been cut. At the other
end of the worm His fixed the same appliance as the one used for the
dividing organ herein-before described, and which it is unnecessary to repeat
again, it serves here to regulate the distance of the cutter from the file for
each point of the curve that the file may take in the direction of its length;
at each side of the uprights D are placed the slides M* fixed by means of
three screws between which slides freely, but without play, the piece G™.
One of the faces of this flanged piece carries in its centre a rectangular groove
forming with the counterpart Nu, which has a similar groove, so that when
joined together by means of pins, they form the journals in which the tool
holder. Pslides freely. On the piece G™ is fixed a spiral spring R, the
end of which pressing on a key crossing the tool holder serves to raise it each
time it has acted. The counterpart N is fixed to the piece G by means of
four tenons 1, 2, 3, and 4, which traverse it, and are held by two keys which
it is only necessary to take off to disengage the piece Nu each time it is
required to take out the tool holder P. The tool holder P
form of a parallelopiped is made of hardened iron and its length exceeds the
height of the piece G, at its upper part a slightly conical hole is concen-
trically bored, in this hole is fixed the gudgeon S on which the hammer Z
strikes, and when it is worn out it is simply replaced by another gudgeon without
having to use a new tool holder. At its lower extremity is also concentrically
bored a rectangular hole of the depth of about one inch and three-quarters,
in which rests the top of the cutter e. Figure 14, Sheet 2, represents the
brake on the shaft K of the hammer, and at equal distances from the side of
the handle V are fixed by means of two keys, two iron washers m¹¹ against
which presses the bent wooden plates p fixed by means of bolts on each of
the flanges n", which form the extremity of the levers Ou fixed by means of
keys on the shaft d having its fulcrum on the frame E, in f¹ on the same
which has the

page_text: shaft du and at equal distance from two levers is fixed also by means of keys,
the lever e, the lower end of which is formed as a frame, and is joined by
hinges to the rod h, which is joined to the frame R by means of a screw
and a crank handle.
Having now described the nature of the Invention, communicated to me,
and the manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that I do
not confine myself to the exact details of construction herein described; as
many modifications may be made without deviating from the principle of
the Invention; but what I claim as new and intended to be protected by the
herein in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First, the combination or arrangements of parts by which the horizontal
bevil wheel D", communicating the movement to the wheel M", catches
always with it, whatever position the file holder o" may take as herein-before
described, reference being had to the Drawings.
Secondly, the arrangements of parts causing the center of the tool holder
Pu to correspond always with the center of the stake B", whatever be the
degree of inclination of the said tool holder P", as herein-before described,
reference being had to the Drawings.
Thirdly, the mode of rendering the stake B" independent from all the
organs of the machine as herein-before described, reference being had to the
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third
day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-five.
Witness,
H*. GILBEE,
10, Rue de la Fidélité,
Paris,
28 March 1865.
L. DE FONTAINEMOREAU. (L.S.)