IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC APPARATUS." A communication from
abroad by Alexis Dobrochotoff Maikoff and Nicolas de Kabath, both of Paris,
France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st October 1881.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent
Agents, Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC
APPARATUS." [A communication from abroad by Alexis Dobrochotoff Maikoff and
Nicolas de Kabath, both of Paris, France.]
My Invention relates to improvements in electro-magnets, and is designed to
provide such magnets so constructed and arranged that the core surrounded by
the wire coil acts not as heretofore upon an exterior armature, but upon an
arinature placed within the coil. This action is characterized by the fact that it is
produced not by the attraction exerted by the current upon the armature, as in
the solenoids hitherto employed, but by the repulsion caused by the polarity of
like nano imparted both to the coil and to the armature, as will hereinafter
appear.
This manner of operating is obviously precisely opposite to that of ordinary
electro-magnets.
For the purpose of clearly explaining our Invention I have represented in the
accompanying Drawing merely as examples of the principle thereof several
arrangements whereby the said Invention may be carried into practical effect.
Figure 1 represents in vertical section an electro-magnet in which the movement
of the armature takes place in an upward direction parallel to the axis of the
coil.
Figure 2 shows in vertical section an electro-magnet in which the movement of
the armature takes place perpendicularly or at right angles to the axis.
Figure 3 shows a top or end view of the armaturo illustrated in Figure 2.

page_text: Figure 4 represents in section, and Figure 5 in plan, an electro-magnet in
which the motion of the armatures also takes place perpendicularly to the axis of
the coil.
Like letters indicate the same parts in all the Figures.
In all cases the coil is formed with a tubular soft iron core a, upon which the
wire b is wound between two flanges c of any suitable material, such as iron,
copper, wood, or the like. The core a becomes polarized when an electric current
flows through the wire b.
In Figure 1 the armature consists of a cylinder & having a tapering end c. In
whichever direction the current passes it will impart to the core a and to the
armaturo d, e, polarity of the same kind or name, and poles of like naine facing
each other will cause the armature to move outward in the direction of the
arrows f.
In the arrangement shewn in Figure 2 the coil has the form of a truncated cone,
and the armature consists of two pieces d and e capable of turning upon pivots g.
When the current flows through the wire of the coil the pieces d and e become
polarized, and their poles of like name being opposite, the said pieces move away
from each other, turning upon the points g, as is indicated by the arrows.
In the modification illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 the coil contains a series of
armatures d, e, and to this end is made of an oblong shape. The action is the
same as that above described, excepting that the armatures or pieces & and e being
suitably guided by any appropriate means move away from one another, but in
such a direction that they remain parallel, as is indicated by the arrows f.
The form of the coils and of the armatures may however vary without in any
manner affecting the nature of this Invention. Stops may be provided for limiting
the course of the armatures,-and-the-latter_may_be_furnished with springs, causing
the-same-to-re-assume_their_normal position. The arrangements shewn-in-the-
Drawing serve only as typical examples.
In its application to apparatus requiring an electro-magnetic armature my
Invention offers the advantage that the armature has a more extended movement
than that of electro-magnets of the ordinary construction, and that it operates in
the centre of the coil without leaving the same.
In apparatus in which a high degree of sensitiveness and absolute precision are
required, and in which for these reasons complicated mechanism is generally
employed, the use of my improved electro-magnet permits such mechanism to be
considerably simplified, and even in some cases to be dispensed with altogether.
This electro-magnet is applicable to all kinds of electro-magnetic apparatus, such
as apparatus for lighting, regulators, lamps, incasuring apparatus, telegraphic and
signalling apparatus, and dynamo-electric machines.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
31st March 1882.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent
Agents, Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC
A communication from abroad by Alexis Dobrochotoff Maikoff and
APPARATUS."
Nicolas de Kabath, both of Paris, France.
This Invention relates to improvements in electro-magnets, and is designed to
provide such magnets so constructed and arranged that the core surrounded by the
wire coil acts not as heretofore upon an exterior armature, but upon an armature
placed within the coil. This action is characterized by the fact that it is produced
not by the attraction exerted by the current upon the armature, as in the solenoids
hitherto employed, but by the repulsion caused by similar polarity being imparted
both to the coil and to the armature, as will hereinafter appear.
This manner of operating is obviously the inverse of that of ordinary electro-
magnots.
For the purpose of clearly explaining the said Invention I have represented
in the accompanying Drawing merely as examples of the principle thereof several
arrangements whereby the said Invention may be carried into practical effect.
Figure 1 represents in vertical section an electro-magnet in which the move-
ment of the armature takes place in an upward direction parallel to the axis of
the coil.
Figure 2 shows in vertical section an electro-magnet in which the movement of
the armature takes place perpendicularly or at right angles to the axis.
Figure 3 shows a top or end view of the armature illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure represents in section, and Figure 5 in plan, an electro-magnet in
which the movement of the armatures also takes place perpendicularly to the axis
of the coil.
In all cases the coil is formed with a tubular core a, upon which the wire b is
wound between two flanges c of iron, copper, wood, or other suitable material. In
Figure 1 the core a is of soft iron, and the armature consists of a cylinder d having
a tapering end e. In whichever direction the current passes it will impart to the
core a and to the armature d, e, polarity of the same name, and the poles of like
name facing each other will cause the armature to move outward in the direction
of the arrows ƒ.
In the arrangement shewn in Figure 2 the coil has the form of a truncated cone,
and its core is of copper, wood, or other non-magnetic substance; the armature
consists of two pieces d and e capable of turning upon pivots g. When the current
flows through the wire of the coil the pieces d and e become polarized, and their
poles of like name being opposite, the said pieces move away from each other,
turning upon the points g, as indicated by the arrows.
In the modification illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 the coil contains a series of
armatures d, e, and to this end is made of an oblong shape. The action is the
same as that above described, excepting that the armatures e being suitably guided
by the pins i attached to the fixed pieces & move away from the said pieces d,
but in such a direction that they remain parallel thereto, as indicated by the
arrows f. Electro-magnets so arranged are in practice placed horizontally, as
shown in the Drawing.
The form of the coils and of the armatures
manner affecting the nature of this Invention.
the stroke or travel of the armatures, and
may however vary without in any
Stops may be provided for limiting
the latter may be furnished with

page_text: springs, causing the same to re-assume their normal position when the passage of
the current ceasos. The arrangements shown in the Drawing serve only as typical
examples.
In its application to apparatus requiring an electro-magnetic armature the said
Invention offers the advantages that the armature has a more extended movement
than that of electro-magnets of ordinary construction, and that it operates in the
centre of the coil without leaving the same.
In apparatus in which a high degree of sensitiveness and absolute precision are
required, and in which for these reasons complicated mechanism is generally
employed, the use of my improved electro-magnet permits such mechanism to be
considerably simplified, and even in some cases to be dispensed with altogether.
This electro-magnet is applicable to all kinds of electro-magnetic apparatus, such
as apparatus for lighting, regulators, lamps, measuring apparatus, telegraphic and
signalling apparatus, and dynamo electric machines.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, as communicated to me by
foreign correspondents, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it under-
stood that I claim,-
First. An electro-magnet in which an iron core acts by magnetic repulsion upon
an internal armature, substantially as hereinbefore described and for the purpose
specified.
Second. An electro-magnet in which a current through a coil of wire wound
round a non-magnetic core magnetizes two or more soft iron armatures placed
within the said coil, and acting upon one another by mutual magnetic repulsion,
substantially as herein before described.
Third
In-an-electro-magnet-with-a-soft-iron-core-and an internal armature the
_combination_of_the_tubular_core a, the coil b, and the armature d, e, substantially
as hereinbefore described in reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing.
Fourth. In an electro-magnet in which internal armatures are placed in the
centre of a non-magnetic core, and act upon one another by repulsion, the com-
bination of the tubular non-magnetic core a and armatures d, e, mounted upon the
pivots g, g, with a coil of wire b wound round the said core a, substantially as
herein before described in reference to Figures 2 and 3 of the accompanying
Drawing.
Fifth. In an electro-magnet in which internal armatures are placed in the centre
of a non-magnetic core, and act upon one another by repulsion, the combination
with the tubular non-magnetic core a and the coil b of the fixed armatures d, and
movable armatures e guided parallel to the first by pius i, the whole arranged
substantially as hereinbefore described in reference to Figures and 5 of the
accompanying Drawing, and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Twenty first day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.