IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC VESSELS INTENDED TO PREVENT ALL LIQUID OR SOLID INFLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES FROM IGNITING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Felix François Samier, of No. 4, Rue du Boulois,
in the City of Paris, Chemist, and Alphonse Anthoine, of No. 3,
Rue Corbeau, in the City of Paris, aforesaid, Chemist, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC VESSELS INTENDED TO PREVENT
ALL LIQUID OR SOLID INFLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES FROM IGNITING."
Scaled the 29th April 1870, and dated the 3rd November 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Felix François Samier
and Alphonse Anthoine at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 3rd November 1869.
We, FELIX FRANÇOIS SAMIER, of No. 4, Rue du Boulois, in the City of
Paris, Chemist, and ALPHONSE ANTHOINE, of No. 3, Rue Corbeau, in the
City of Paris, aforesaid, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC VESSELS INTENDED TO PREVENT
ALL LIQUID OR SOLID INFLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES FROM IGNITING," to be as
follows:-
The vessels herein mentioned are intended to protect all combustible
and explosive compounds from combustion during transport or whilst in

page_text: store, and consist of a cylindrical or other shaped barrel of sheet iron
tinned inside and out, and the thickness of which would vary with
the capacity of the vessel, which is supported in the interior of an outer
casing of a similar form and substance by means of bolts passing through
the ends of both case and vessel. One of the ends which is movable is
furnished with movable caps corresponding with bung holes supplied
with metal bungs fixed by screws or otherwise, the one for filling the the
interior vessel and the other for admitting of the insertion of a tap for
drawing off the liquid when desired. The external casing is provided
with three or more iron hoops for additional strength and to keep the
case off the ground. At cach end of the outer case are two or more
openings to allow free passage to the air all round the external or
-suspended vessel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Felix François Samier and Alphonse Anthoinc
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th April 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, FELIX
RANÇOIS SAMIER, of No. 4, Ruc du Boulois, in the City of Paris,
Chemist, and ALPHONSE ANTHOINE, of No. 3, Rue Corbeau, in the City
of Paris aforesaid, Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Third day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, givo
and grant unto us, the said Felix Francois Samier and Alphonse
Anthoine, Her special licence that we, the said Felix Francois Samier
and Alphonse Anthoine, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Felix Francois Samier and Alphonse
Anthoine, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC VESSELS INTENDED TO PREVENT ALL LIQUID OR SOLID

page_text: INFLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES FROM IGNITING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Felix Francois Samier and Alphonse Anthoine;
or one of us, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or one of our or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Felix Francois Samier and
Alphonse Anthoine, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hiereunto annexed, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists in the construction of a new kind of metallic
cask or vessel intended to contain all kinds of combustible, inflammable,
or explosive solid or liquid compounds in such a manner as to render
them quite safe and innoxious whilst in store and during transport, and so
that shippers may be enabled to load their vessels without risk with
the oils of petroleum and such liquid compounds as benzine, essence of
terebenthine ether, sulphurate of carbon, schistes, nitro-glycerine, and
others, and such solid compounds as fulminating cotton, picrate of potass,
gunpowder, and generally all fulminates and other substances which
inflame and explode immediately upon coming into contact with tho
smallest particle of lighted body.
Hitherto for the transport of the crude or distilled mineral oils obtained
from natural sources in America and elsewhere wooden casks have been
employed, which soon becoming impregnated with their contents have a
tendency to inflame the moment they come into contact with any lighted
body however small. In order to avoid this and minimise the disastrous
effects produced by such explosions we construct vessels or barrels of a
cylindrical or other shape of sheet iron, tinned inside and out, of a
thickness varying according to the size of the vessel, which are supported
in the interior of an outer preserving envelope or casing of a similar
form and substance by means of bolts passing through the ends of both.
the exterior casing and the vessel.

page_text: The accompanying Drawings show clearly the nature of our Invention
and the advantages to be derived therefrom.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of our metallic vessel; Figure 2, a
transverse section, and Figure 3 an end view thereof; while Figure 4 is
an exterior view of our preserving casing or envelope.
a is a cylindrical reservoir of sheet iron, but which may be of any other
shape, square, rectangular, or otherwise. Upon one of the ends of this
reservoir are placed by screwing or otherwise the bung 6 and a second
stopper c, the latter of which is easily removed by means of a key and
replaced by a tap. The bung is provided with a nut d in order that the
vessel a may be easily managed, and this bung is removeable by a key in
order to permit the introduction of liquid within the cylinder. The
vessel a is placed in the interior of the preserving casing of the same
form and metal. At the end of the cylinder and opposite to the bung
upon the side is placed a little plug o, which is unscrewed in order to
admit air to the vessel when drawing off without the necessity of
removing the cylinder from the preserving casing. The vessel a is
supported by means of bolts g, g, attached to the ends h, h, of the casing f
and thus all shaking of the vessel within it is prevented. The end h, h,
of the casing is pierced with holes m, m, so as to cause a permanent
current of air around the cylinder a, and thus isolate all inflammable
action. The side h is also perforated at n and n' for the entrance and
exit of the bung 6 and plug c, or of the tap, which may be put in the
place of the latter. These perforations are provided with covers or
stoppers n, n', in order to close them when desired. The external
casing fis provided with four or more hoops p, p, of solid or hollow iron
for additional strength and to keep the case off the ground.
Having thus enumerated the different parts of our metallic vessels, the
putting it in place will be readily understood. The side h of the casing
is moveable, and the vessel a is introduced into the casing therethrough.
The bung 6 and plug c afford a means of filling and emptying the vessel,
whether within or without its casing f. After the filling the moveable
side h of the casing is put in place, and the apparatus thus arranged
may be sent the longest voyages or stored up for any length of time
without risk of explosion or fire.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the
means of carrying it into effect, we declare that we claim, the manufacture

page_text: substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings, and the employment as described of our improved
metallic vessels for containing inflammable and explosive compounds,
whether in store or during transport.
In witness whereof, we, the said Felix Francois Samior and Alphonse
Anthoine, have hereunto set their hands and scals, this Twenty-
ninth day of April One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
F. F. SAMIER. (L.S.)
A. ANTHOINE. (L.S.)