matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING, BLEACHING, OR PRINTING OF COTTON OR OTHER YARNS OTHER THAN FROM THE HANK OR CHAIN, AND IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Johnston at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1877.
FRANCIS JOHNSTON, of Peel Mill, Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Power
Loom Cloth Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING, BLEACHING, OR PRINTING
OF COTTON OR OTHER YARNS OTHER THAN FROM THE HANK OR CHAIN, AND IN
APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME."
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for a more economical and
efficient mode of dyeing, printing, and bleaching of cotton or other yarns prepa-
ratory to weaving.
Instead of dyeing, printing, and bleaching of cotton or other yarns in the bank or
chain the yarns are wound on to a yarn beam or beams, technically called "warper's
beam," or equivalent or equivalents; the said yarn (or "warper's") beam or beams,
or equivalent or equivalents, are placed on suitable bearers or equivalents; the said
yarns are then wound on to another beam or beams, or equivalent or equivalents, at
the same time passing over or under or under and over suitable rollers or equivalents
placed into a vat or vats, or equivalent or equivalents, containing dyeing, printing,
or bleaching liquid, and between squeezing rollers or equivalents placed in the said
vat or vats or equivalents, or at any other convenient part of the said vat or vats, or
equivalent or equivalents, or at any convenient part of the said apparatus, and each
thread of the yarns when dried passes through guides or equivalents, then passing
between suitable rollers or equivalents, if necessary, then on to the winding-on or
'warper's" beam or beams, or equivalent or equivalents. Now if a darker shade
is required the process is repeated, after which the yarns are ready for sizeing or
other processes necessary preparatory to weaving; and further, if necessary, I connect
an apparatus for regulating the tension of the yarns during the process of dyeing,
printing, and bleaching, or any other process necessary before sizeing such yarns,
which I accomplish by fixing a small friction pulley or equivalent on the end of the
axle of the winding-on shaft or at any other convenient part of the winding-on
apparatus, and another on the end of the squeezing roller or rollers, or equivalent or
equivalents, or placed at any other part or parts of the apparatus driven by the
winding-on shaft or equivalent by means of a strap, band, or any other equivalent or
equivalents thereof.
"

page_text: In addition to the above-named arrangements or mechanical equivalents thereof
the said guides or equivalents act as an automatic stop motion; the breaking of
one or more threads displaces the guide or guides, and thereby causing the said
guide or guides to act when displaced on a suitable roller or rollers, or lever or
levers, or the mechanical equivalents thereof, and thereby stopping the motion part t
of the said machine, and preventing the winding on of the yarns until the thread or
threads previously broken be reunited.
IMPROVED APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF EFFLUVIA OR EXCRETA FROM SANATORY PANS OR BOXES DURING REMOVAL OR WHEN AT REST
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hughes, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Wrought-iron Work Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF EFFLUVIA OR EXCRETA FROM
SANATORY PANS OR BOXES DURING REMOVAL OR WHEN AT REST."
Sealed the 16th July 1878, in pursuance of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, and
dated the 29th December 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hughes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th December 1877.
GEORGE HUGHES, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Wrought-iron
Work Manufacturer. "IMPROVED APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE of
EFFLUVIA OR EXCRETA FROM SANATORY PANS OR BOXES DURING REMOVAL OR WHEN
AT REST."
A grooved lid or cover (which groove may contain some elastic or other material),
having wedges on one of the rims forming the groove, and also wedges on the sides
of the pan or box, arranged so that when the lid or cover is moved in the proper
direction the pairs of wedges act and bind the lid or cover down firmly upon the
pan or box, so as to prevent the escape of effluvia or excreta from the interior of
the pan or box during removal. Also a grooved lid or cover with wedges arranged
as above described, and with a hole in it (having wedges on the sides of this hole)
to receive a smaller lid or cover, having wedges and groove to fasten as above
described, to prevent the escape of effluvia from the pan or box when it is at
rest.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Hughes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th July
1878.
GEORGE HUGHES, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Wrought-iron
Work Manufacturer. "PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF EFFLUVIA OR EXCRETA FROM
SANITARY PANS OR BOXES DURING REMOVAL OR WHEN AT REST."
The said improved appliance for the escape of effluvia or excreta from sanitary
pans or boxes consists of a mechanical arrangement, as shown in the accompanying
Drawing.
Figure 1 is an under side view of the lid or cover, shewing the wedges B, B².
Figure 2 is a section of half a box or pan, shewing the wedges in action and the
lid in position, wedged down.
Figure 3 is an elevation of one side of the pan or box, shewing the wedge A.
A, Figure 3, is a wedge with its horizontal side parallel with the top of the pan;
B', Figure 1, is a wedge fixed on the lid or cover in an opposite direction to
wedge A in Figure 3. When lid or cover is brought to the top of the pan or box,
and then revolved in a proper direction, it becomes wedged firmly down by the
pressure of the wedges A, Figure 3, B', Figure 1, one upon the other.
Having fully described my said improvements, I claim the application of wedges
to sanitary pans or boxes to fix the lid or cover firmly thereon.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hughes, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
TÄITHA
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TILTING AND EMPTYING VESSELS CONTAINING LIQUIDS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ishmael William Lister and Albert
Edward Shepherd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th
August 1877.
ISHMAEL WILLIAM LISTER, of Merefield Street, and ALBERT EDWARD SHEPHERD,
of Mitchel Street, both of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR TILTING AND EMPTYING VESSELS CONTAINING LIQUIDS."
Our Invention consists,
Firstly. In tilting the vessel by means of an open spiral spring, the coils of which
are wound side by side, but so as not to touch each other, one end of which spring
is fast to or abuts against a fixed substance, and the other is fast to or abuts against
a lever, pulley, or wheel which is connected to the vessel being tilted by means of
a rod, rack, chain, cord, or other flexible substance.
Secondly. We propose when chains, cords, or other flexible substances are used, to
have pullies attached to the hooks which take hold of the vessel being tilted, for
the chain, cord, or other flexible substance to pass over. To one of these pullies we
attach a rack wheel which is held by a catch, so that the chain, cord, or other
flexible substance can be wound on to this pulley.
Thirdly. In apparatus that are actuated by springs we propose to wind them up
by means of a lever, ratchet wheel, and catch attached to the apparatus.
Fourthly. We propose to fix a pipe or tap in the vessel from which the liquid has
to be drawn in a diagonal position, so that by pushing this pipe or tap more or less
into the vessel the end of it is nearer to or further from the bottom of such vessel;
or instead of the pipe being placed in a diagonal position, the pipe may be curved
downwards.
Fifthly. In some cases in place of drawing the liquid from the vessel containing
it by a pump, or run it off by its own gravity, we propose to force or push it out of
the same by means of pressure applied to the surface of such liquid; this vessel we
propose to make with a loose end which presses on the liquid, and thus forces it out
of the vessel through some convenient aperture.
FOR RAISING BEER OR OTHER LIQUIDS."NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Heyworth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th June 1877.
ROBERT HEYWORTH, of the City of Manchester.
FOR RAISING BEER OR OTHER LIQUIDS."
"NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS
The object of this Invention is the construction of an apparatus for raising beer
or other liquids from the cask or other receptacle in which it is contained to a
higher level, without such liquid having to pass through a pump, or being first
transferred to a separate vessel, and consists in the use and application of an air
vessel of cylindrical or other convenient shape, which at its upper extremity is
provided with a pipe capable of being connected to the top of the cask or other
receptacle, and which air vessel, at or near the bottom, is connected by means of a
pipe to a cistern containing water, such cistern being placed at a higher level than
that to which the liquid is required to be raised. The lower end of the cask being
now connected by means of another pipe (herein-after called the discharge pipe) to
a tap or valve situated at the required level where the beer or other liquid is
required to be drawn off, it will be apparent that if a communication is opened by
means of a suitable stop-cock between the cask, air vessel, and water supply, the water
entering such air vessel will exercise a pressure upon the air contained within it,
and which pressure, acting also upon the surface of the beer or other liquid, will
cause the same to rise in the discharge pipe, and thus the beer or other liquid may be
drawn off through the tap or valve in large or small quantities, as required.
In situations where it would be inconvenient to employ a column of water
acting by hydraulic pressure upon the air contained within the air vessel, an air
pump may be employed to charge the air vessel with compressed air, with similar
results.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRUSSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1877. A communication from
Emil Edel, Doctor of Medicine, residing at Hannover, in the Empire of
Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRUSSES."
[A communication from Emil Edel, Doctor of Medicine, residing at Hannover, in the
Empire of Germany.]
In carrying this Invention into practice I construct my improved truss of small
pieces of metal rivetted together and overlapping each other somewhat in the
manner of tiles on the roof of a house, the said pieces being fastened in such a
manner as to allow of a horizontal movement.
In each piece or plate of metal a rivet is fastened, and passes through the plate
immediately above it, in which an elongated and somewhat curved opening is made,
thus allowing the truss a little play in a vertical direction, although the head of the
said rivet projecting beyond the sides of the said openings prevents the plates from
becoming detached from each other at this point. In this manner I obtain a horizontal
as well as a vertical movement or play without however occasioning any but a very
small movement of the head of the truss.
I also improve the truss heads as follows, that is to say -For a dislocated thigh
I employ a head which I construct somewhat in the form of a half moon in order
to avoid rubbing and chafing in the movement of the thigh; for bubonocele in men,
a half canal (sulcus) is introduced to prevent unnecessary and dangerous pressure on
the spermatic cord, this however has to be fitted to its place by measurement. In
order that the sides of the head of the truss shall not chafe the flesh, and to facilitate
a flat padding, the curve of the head is inclined towards the injured side and carried
in a direction away from the body. The strap which connects the end of the truss
with the button on the head of the same is provided with a double row of holes,
those in the one row coming opposite the spaces of the other row; this, although
apparently a small improvement, is of very great advantage.
This improvement may be adapted to all trusses, mutatis mutandis, whatever
may be their form, and the construction may be strong or light, and the truss

page_text: cannot be easily broken. The cost is but a very little more than that of an
ordinary truss.
This improved truss possesses in addition to the advantages which are the subject
of this Invention all the advantages of my tongued truss, now well known, and for
which Letters Patent were granted to me the Twentieth day of May, A.D. 1876,
No. 2133.
It has the advantages of being sure in its operation, comfortable to the wearer,
not in the least injurious, very durable, and of small cost in construction.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Groom at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1877.
CHARLES GROOM, of No. 2, Liquorpond Street, Gray's Inn Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Tin Plate Worker. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF BICYCLES."
This Invention consists of improvements in the construction of bicycles, and has
reference to the front wheel of bicycles, whereby jarring is obviated or considerably
lessened.
That part of the bicycle known as the fork is made to terininate in two rods or
pins, extending downwards through the upper and lower bearings of the front
wheel. Upon these pins and above the bearings are buffers of india-rubber or
other suitable elastic material. When the machine encounters any irregularity in the
road, the shock, having an upward tendency, is arrested by the buffers and pre-
vented being communicated to the rider.
The bearings are similar to those in ordinary use, the lower being secured to the
upper one by a nut on the end of the fork.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUNTING APPARATUS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Spence at the Office of the
A communication from
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1877.
abroad by Ernst Lompert, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, Engineer.
WILLIAM SPENCE, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middle-
sex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUNTING APPARATUS." A communication
from abroad by Ernst Lompert, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, Engineer.
This Invention relates to a counting apparatus adapted for indicating the counted
number by an ordinary numeral as used in arithmetic, so as to be readily understood,
and may be worked either by rotary or reciprocating motion. This apparatus is
also economical in its construction.
All the dial wheels are applied to the same axis, and made separately moveable
around it. A portion of the width of each wheel is formed with ratchet teeth
adapted for being worked forwards, as required, by means of a suitably-formed pawl
(moveable by itself), which is only in gear with the ratchet when the wheel has to
be moved forward. For this purpose a retainer is made to rest on a cylindrical
surface, fixed to the preceding dial wheel in the series, and is only allowed to drive
its wheel when it drops into gaps formed in the said surface for the purpose.
The dials are represented by a polygonal surface on each wheel, bearing either
raised or engraved ciphers, in order to use the polygonal faces, also for catching or
holding the wheels by means of retainers separately moveable. If necessary, how-
ever, special discs may be used for this purpose.
The impelling pawls, as well as the retainers, may be either weighted levers or
springs.
The apparatus can be worked either by imparting to the impelling pawls an
uniform alternative motion around the axis of the dial wheels, or by imparting a
similar motion to the dial wheels while the pawls are stationary, except that they
are separately moveable.
The return motion is effected by means of weighted springs. By this alternative
motion the dial wheels will be caused to proceed in such a manner that the ciphers
appearing behind apertures in the casing will indicate the total number of these
movements.
The apparatus may be worked either by the reciprocating motion of a rod applied

page_text: to the impelling pawls, or by a hand lever applied to the axis of the dial wheels, or
by turning a crank in combination with such rod or lever respectively.
In order to return all the dial wheels to their starting position after any move-
ment, a second spindle, parallel to that of the dial wheels, is employed, such spindle
carrying toothed sectors that are brought into gear with the said wheels; then, by
removing from that tooth of each of the dial wheels which is at zero the gearing
part, and making two turns with the toothed sectors (of five teeth), all the dials will
be returned to zero simultaneously.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRYING COFFEE AND OTHER ANALOGOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1877. A communication
from abroad by John Sherrington, of Rio de Janeiro, in the Empire of Brazil.
WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRYING COFFEE
AND OTHER ANALOGOUS SUBSTANCES." [A communication from abroad by John
Sherrington, of Rio de Janeiro, in the Empire of Brazil.]
Heretofore coffee and other produce has usually been dried in closed vessels by the
external application of a suitable degree of heat in combination with a current of
hot air, or air at the ordinary temperature of the atmosphere, which is forced
through the vessel by means of a fan, blower, or other suitable device.
The present Invention has for its object to carry off or evaporate the aqueous
particles or moisture contained in the substance to be operated upon by creating a
partial vacuum in the vessel containing the substance, and applying a moderate
degree of heat, either externally or internally, to the close vessel.
The apparatus consists of an air-tight compartment or vessel, either fixed or
inovable, in which is placed the material to be operated upon, and which is
introduced by means of a hopper, or otherwise, as found most convenient.
The
coffee or other substance may be deposited either in one mass or in layers upon
trays, or in any other convenient manner.
To obtain the desired temperature in the recipient or compartment, tubes con-
taining water or steam, or both, are placed therein, so that the desired temperature,
whether above or below the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere, may be
obtained.
Heat or cold may be applied directly to the vessel in any way or by any
means considered suitable to the particular case, and in such a manner as to be
able to maintain the material at any desired temperature.
The interior space containing the coffee or material to be dried is placed in com-
Dassen 77

page_text: munication with an air pump or exhauster, or an air pump and condenser, for the
purpose of creating and maintaining in such space a more or less perfect vacuum.
The recipient or vessel is provided with a vacuum gauge, and the boiler with a
pressure guage or thermometer, so as to be able at all times to control the tem-
peratures and pressure in the vessel containing the coffee or other substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE TENSION OF THE WARP IN THE LOOM
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Sowden at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1877.
DAVID SOWDEN, of Thornton Road, Bradford, in the County of York, Machine
Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR REGULATING
THE TENSION OF THE WARP IN THE LOOM."
The object of my Invention is to regulate the tension of the warp from the front
of the loom. When the warp has become deranged through any cause, such as the
weaver having to pull the piece back, when the tension of the warp can be removed,
and when the defect in the piece or warp has been attended to, the tension to
the warp can be applied and regulated to a nicety without the weaver having
occasion to go to the back of the loom to remove the weights or springs from the
warp beam.
Also to arrange the journals that carry the front or piece roller of the loom, so
that the weaver can remove the pressure between the piece, and the fluted or top
roller, to facillitate the pulling back or releasing of the tension in order to remove
the piece.
I accomplish my object in the following manner :-I fix a diagonal or horizontal
shaft at the end of the loom in a transverse direction, running from the front to the
back part of the loom; this shaft is carried by brackets having suitable journals
formed therein; at the end of this shaft next the front of the loom I fix a hand
wheel or lever; to the other end of the said shaft I secure a bevel pinion which
gears into a bevel wheel that is secured on a short shaft carried by a bracket
secured to the end of the loom; on the other end of this short shaft is the ordinary
spur pinion, which gears into the ordinary spur wheel that is secured to the warp
beam, or to what is commonly known as the beam gudgeon.
By turning or revolving the before-named hand wheel or lever, the bevel pinion
will actuate the bevel and spur wheels, and cause the warp beam to revolve the
distance required, and thus remove the tension of the warp without the weaver
having occasion to go to the back of the loom to remove the weights or relieve the
pressure from off the warp beam,

page_text: The second part of my Invention is accomplished in the following manner :-
To the ordinary spring journals for carrying the front or piece beam I fix a catch
which is centred or jointed to the journal or bearer that carries the piece beam ;
this catch, which I call the long catch, extends down to the ratchet formed on the
casting containing the spring for pressing the piece to the fluted or top beam; to
the long catch is fixed another catch, which extends down to the said ratchet, and
is of such a length that when the long catch has hold of a tooth in the ratchet the
other catch will be in the centre of a tooth, by which means the possibility of the
catch slipping is reduced, and the weaver is enabled to remove the piece from
the beam without having to contract or depress the spring the full distance from
tooth to tooth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING IN MINES AND SHAFTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bernoulli Barlow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1877. A communication
from abroad by Emil Henrich, of Kupferdreh, in Germany.
HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING IN MINES AND SHAFTS."
A communication from abroad by Emil Henrich, of Kupferdreh, in Germany.
This Invention consists in a mode of signalling between the cage in which miners
descend and ascend and the top of the shaft, by which means the people in the cago
can at any time communicate with the engineer or other person above, and vice
versa, whether the cage be ascending or descending or stationary. To accomplish
this the rope to which the cage is suspended is provided with one or more insulated
electric conducting wires, the ends of which project beyond the ends of the rope, and
are connected above to the ordinary bells and battery, fixed to the drun on which
the rope is wound, or connected to the axis of the drum, and below to a signalling
apparatus in the cage, or the signalling apparatus can be above and the bells and
battery below, or both may be employed above and below.
When the cage is at the bottom of the shaft the signalling apparatus can be
used to communicate messages between the bank or mouth of the shaft and the
workings in the mine.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR MIXTURE FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN BOILERS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abraham Jay, of Lower Soundwell, Kingswood, in the
County of Gloucester, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR
MIXTURE FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN BOILERS."
Sealed the 11th June 1878, and dated the 12th December 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abraham Jay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1877.
ABRAHAM JAY, of Lower Soundwell, Kingswood, in the County of Gloucester.
"AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR MIXTURE FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN
BOILERS."
The object of my Invention is to manufacture a composition or mixture for
preventing incrustation in steam or other boilers.
My improved composition or mixture for this purpose is formed of molasses, lime
water, and caustic soda, which ingredients I mix together in hot water.
I do not limit myself to any particular proportions of the above ingredients, but
I have found the following to answer well, viz. :-Molasses 4 parts, lime water 14
parts, and caustic soda 70 parts
My composition or mixture is applied in the form of a liquid, being added to the
feed water or poured into the boiler.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Abraham Jay in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th June
1878.
ABRAHAM JAY, of Lower Soundwell, Kingswood, in the County of Gloucester.
"AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR MIXTURE FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN
BOILERS."
The object of my Invention is to manufacture a composition or mixture for
preventing incrustation in steam or other boilers.
My improved composition or mixture for this purpose is formed of molasses, lime
water, and caustic soda, which ingredients I mix together in hot water.
I do not limit myself to any particular proportions of the above ingredients, but
I have found the following to answer well, viz. :-Molasses 4 parts, lime water 14
parts, and caustic soda 70 parts.
My composition or mixture is applied in the form of a liquid, being added to
the feed water or poured into the boiler.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the composition or mixture
herein-before described for preventing incrustation in boilers.
In witness whereof, I, the said Abraham Jay, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eleventh day of June, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-eight.
A NEW OR IMPROVED STENCH TRAP FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF EFFLUVIA FROM DRAINS, SEWERS, AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Smith and Eli Baker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September 1877.
JOSIAH SMITH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Wood Turner, and
ELI BAKER, of Birmingham aforesaid, Engraver. "A NEW OR IMPROVED STENCH
TRAP FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF EFFLUVIA FROM DRAINS, SEWERS, AND
OTHER PLACES."
Our said Invention consists of the construction and arrangement of parts of a
stench trap, herein-after described, whereby great simplicity and economy in con-
struction, and efficiency in action are secured.
The body or basin of the stench tráp may either be circular or of other figure.
It is provided with an inner shoulder at top, on which a loose grating rests. The
bottom of the said body or basin is slightly conical, and terminates in a central
pipe, open at bottom. On the outside of this pipe, and at some distance above its
lower end, are three or other number of radial arms. These radial arms support a
hemispherical dipping cup, open at top, the bottom of the central pipe of the body
or basin dipping into and being situated a short distance above the bottom of the
said dipping cup. The body or basin with its central pipe, radial arms, and dipping
cup, may be formed in one piece by the casting process.
We prefer to make our improved stench trap of cast iron, but we do not limit
ourselves thereto.
In addition to the top or loose grating, herein-before described, a second grating,
by preference fixed, is situated in the bottom of the body or basin. This lower
fixed grating is provided with smaller perforations than the upper loose grating,
and prevents any solid matter, excepting very small particles, from passing down
the central pipe into the dipping cup. Any solid matter passing through the lower
grating into the dipping cup may be removed by flushing.
The body or basin of the stench trap is fixed in the top of the drain, sewer, or
other place where it is to be used, being secured therein by an air-tight junction.
When liquid is poured into the trap through the loose upper grating it passes
through the lower finer grating into the central pipe, and from thence into the
dipping cup, and by overflowing the edge of the said dipping cup passes away. The
ГРміла 071

page_text: said dipping cup is thus kept filled with liquid, and as the central pipe terminates
near the bottom of the said dipping cup there is formed a water valve or water
joint, which effectually prevents the rising of effluvia through the trap.
By the removal of the upper loose grating access to the body of the trap is
obtained, and any solid matter which has accumulated on the lower grating may :
be removed.
IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING POTTERY, EARTHENWARE, AND OTHER FICTILE MANUFACTURES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugo Shaw and John Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1877.
"
HUGO SHAW, of Beswick, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Pottery and
IMPROVEMENTS
Tile Manufacturer, and JOHN JONES, of the same Place, Manager.
IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING POTTERY, EARTHENWARE, AND OTHER FICTILE
MANUFACTURES."
Our Invention relates to apparatus employed in the moulding of articles formed
of clay, such for example, as bread pans, milk pans, and certain other articles which
can be formed of clay by means of a revolving mould. Previously to our said In-
vention such articles have been formed in a revolving mould, and when completed,
or sufficiently moulded, have been discharged from the mould by raising the bottom
of the mould, whereby the moulded article has been raised or pushed out of the
mould. Difficulties have been experienced in discharging the articles in the manner
indicated owing to the said articles adhering to the interior of the mould, and to
obviate these difficulties is the object of our said Invention. To this end we form
the mould or the inner lining of the mould in two or more sections, and we arrange
that one or more of these sections shall be capable of being rotated to some extent
around the central axis of rotation and of formation of the article.
In the simplest arrangement a section or ring of the inner lining of the mould
is arranged to be capable of being revolved to some extent within the outer casing
of the mould, the said movable or revolvable part being at or near the bottom of
the mould. When the moulding is completed the said revolvable part is rotated
sufficiently to detach its moulding surface from the moulded article. The effect of
this is, that when the said article is pushed out of the mould, air can enter the lower
part of the mould, and the separation of the article therefrom is facilitated.
The movement may be imparted to the movable ring or section through a pin,
stud, or part projecting through a slot in the mould casing, and acted upon directly
by the hand, or otherwise acted upon by a fixed or movable incline, or by a suitable
mechanical arrangement.
When applied to hinged moulds, or to moulds formed to open, it will be
necessary in some cases to form the movable ring or section, or each movable ring

page_text: or section, in two or more parts, each part receiving motion directly, or one part
receiving motion from another part.
In some cases more than one movable or revolvable ring or section may be
applied to one mould; and in some cases one ring or certain rings may be revolved
in one direction, and another ring or other rings be revolved in the contrary i
direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR DRAWING, ROVING, AND SPINNING FRAMES, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR OTHER ANALOGOUS PUR- POSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Washington Robertson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1877.
GEORGE WASHINGTON ROBERTSON, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR DRAWING, ROVING, AND
SPINNING FRAMES, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR OTHER ANALOGOUS PUR-
POSES."
<
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the pressing rollers of drawing,
roving, and spinning frames, as well as to those rollers of carding engines, some-
times called the "doffing rollers," and to other analogous rollers, consists in the
construction of such rollers of the material known as elamite." In applying this
material to the pressing rollers of drawing and roving frames, I use the soft or
flexible "elamite," which I affix thereto by making a band thereof of the requisite
diameter and width so as to cover the main central portion or body of metal con-
stituting the rollers; and in order to secure the band of "elamite" thereto, I make
screws with counter-sunk heads of the hard "elamite," which pass through corres-
ponding counter-sunk holes in the band of soft "elamite," and enter tapped holes
in the body of the rollers.
In applying "elamite" for the pressing rollers of spinning frames I construct
these of the hard "elamite" in the following manner-The spindle which carries
the rollers has cast or otherwise formed on it two discs of the required diameter
and width apart, to correspond with the distance apart of the drawing roller on
which they press. The periphery of these discs has a recess formed in it so as to
leave a flanch at one side, and into this recess a ring of hard elamite" is
placed.
"
Holes at any desired intervals are formed through the ring of hard "elamite"
as well as in the flanch of the disc, the latter being tapped to receive screws or
bolts passing through the holes in the "elamite" ring, or other equivalent means-
of fixing the "elamite" ring may be employed. It is however preferred when
fixing it by means of bolts or screws in the manner herein-before described, to
place a ring corresponding with the flanch on the disc between the heads of the
bolts of the screws and "elamite" ring.

page_text: The advantages resulting from the constructing of presser rollers of "elamite" in
the manner herein-before described are,-
(1.) Diminishing the expense which at present obtains in the use of leather
for those rollers.
(2.) In the production of a much more durable roller, and one which in the case
of spinning frames maintains its form which the wooden rollers at present used
do not.
(3.) An economy in time by saving the changing of the pressing rollers which as
at present constructed is a frequent necessity by virtue of their getting out of a
true cylindrical shape.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF PULP FROM ANIMAL SUBSTANCES TO FORM A NEW MATERIAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ARTICLES SHAPED BY MOULDING OR PRESSURE AND THE LIKE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th March 1877. A communication
from abroad by Lemuel Coburn, of Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of
America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. 'AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF PULP FROM
ANIMAL SUBSTANCES TO FORM A NEW MATERIAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
ARTICLES SHAPED BY MOULDING OR PRESSURE AND THE LIKE." A communication
from abroad by Lemuel Coburn, of Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of
America.
This Invention relates to a material called "raw hide pulp" for manufacturing
purposes, and made of the glutinous and fibrous parts of animals without change,
other than mechanical subdivision, solution, and desiccation.
This new pulp is made by subjecting the parts of animals (and for economy I use
the refuse, as intestines, sinews, and bits of all parts) in their natural state to the
action of machines similar to those in use for making paper or leather pulp, and
adding water, as may be necessary, to make the pulp of the desired consistency, and
work it sufficiently uniform for the purpose designed, using antiseptics or other
means, if necessary, to keep the pulp from any decay or change. Its varied and
different uses and applications allow great difference with regard to its fineness in
preparation; for instance, for large, stout or coarse work it can be used much coarser
than for fine, delicate and highly finished articles. The essential difference between
this and other animal products, such as glue, gelatine, and the like consists in the
absence of any change in its glutinous or fibrous parts from their natural condition,
such as are made or induced in them by heat, cold, or chemical action used in their
manufacture.
This improved pulp may be used alone or with coloring matter, or with a great
variety of other materials, either mineral or vegetable; it may be moulded or pressed
into the desired form and dried, making very strong, durable articles, capable in certain

page_text: conditions of a high polish and finish, and may be used in a great variety of work,
as heels and other parts of boots and shoes, furniture, pails, and other household
articles, spools and bobbins, shuttle pickers, emery wheels, card cylinders, handles,
tags, harness work, carriage trimmings, door knobs, book covers, hats, caps, boxes,
ornaments, and a great variety of other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES OR APPARATUS FOR REDUCING FRICTION IN SCREW AND PADDLE SHAFTS, AND OTHER ROTATING AXLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Edward Crickitt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th May 1877.
ROBERT EDWARD CRICKITT, of 34, Craven Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES OR APPARATUS FOR REDUCING FRICTION
IN SCREW AND PADDLE SHAFTS, AND OTHER ROTATING AXLES."
This Invention relates to improvements in appliances or apparatus for reducing
friction in screw and paddle shafts, and other rotating axles, and consists in fitting
in one or more rings a series of rollers of large and small diameters in alternate
order around the shaft or axle, and preferably in a reduced part thereof, to maintain
the position of the rollers therein.
The larger rollers bear with their outer peripheries upon the bearing or plummer
block ring or strap, and rotate under the action of the rotating shaft or axle upon
their own peripheries, and also travel round to continually take up fresh positions
for the equal distribution of the wearing faces.
The small rollers bear against the larger ones and take up the friction which
would otherwise be put upon the axles or centres of the larger ones.
The axle or centre of each roller is fitted loosely in a slotted portion of a ring as
a retaining ring, one of which is at each end of the rollers.
In fitting my ring of rollers they can run upon the outer surface of the shaft, or
upon the face or end, or against a face plate, or within a thrust block to receive
the thrust of the shaft should the Invention be applied to the shaft of a screw
propeller.
The Invention is applicable to all kinds of shafts and axles in which it is desired
to reduce friction.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BINDING CUT CROPS AND STRAW
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bernhard Samuelson, of Banbury, in the County of
Oxford, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BINDING
CUT CROPS AND STRAW." A. communication from abroad by Monsieur Gabreau
Breton, of St. Etienne à Arnes, in the Republic of France.
aled the 15th September 1877, and dated the 14th April 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bernhard Samuelson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1877.
BERNHARD SAMUELSON, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Engineer.
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BINDING CUT CROPS AND STRAW." A communica-
tion from abroad by Monsieur Gabreau Breton, of St. Etienne à Arnes, in the
Republic of France.
This Invention consists, first, of an endless chain or chains moving horizontally,
or nearly so, parallel to a disc or plate, the said chain delivering the cut grain or
straw to revolving arms or rakes, which in their revolution lift, and together with
the plate and a compressing spring form the bundle to be tied, the size of the bundle
being regulated by the relation between the movement of the endless chain and
that of the revolving arms, and this latter can either be continuous, or interrupted
by the act of the attendant, or by self-acting mechanism. Whilst one bundle is
being formed by the revolving arms the materials for another are being gathered
by the endless chains. The endless chain may either gather the cut crop from the
ground with the assistance of fingers, or so-called lifters, under-running the crop,
or it may receive the same direct from the cutting apparatus or platform of a
harvesting machine, or it may be attached to a thrashing machine so as to tie up
the straw as delivered from the thrashers.
And it consists, 2ndly, in combination with the preceding of a reel and a telescopic
tube, which tube slides in an outer tube or in bearings. The reel contains the wire

page_text: or cord to be used in binding, which wire passes through the inner tube, and is
presented by it to a jaw which holds the wire, when a self-acting motion of the tube
carries the wire round the bundle, the jaw which holds the wire making part of a
revolution at the same time, so that the ends are brought together, when a rotating
movement of the tube causes the wire to be tied, and a nipper at the same time cuts
it off. The bundle is then released by the spring and allowed to drop clear of the
apparatus.
The various motions of the parts described are derived by appropriate gearing
from the revolution of the driving wheel or wheels of a harvesting machine, or
from a separate carrying wheel or wheels, or from the gearing or driving power of 1
a thrashing or other machine to which a binder can be applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCISSORS AND SHEARS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claude Tebbitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th December 1877. A communication
from abroad by Claude Henry Ardouin, of Paris, France.
CLAUDE TEBBITT, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SCISSORS AND SHEARS." [A communication from abroad by Claude Henry Ardouin,
of Paris, France.]
According to this Invention the blades are made separate from the shanks, and
to slide in or along the shanks which are jointed together at thoir outer ends.
A suitable mode of carrying this Invention into effect is as follows:-The sbanks
are made to form each the half of a sheath for the blades; when the latter are
pushed right into the sheath the points of the blades are enclosed therein, thus pro-
tecting them, and causing the scissors to be shorter in length, and to be more
portable and convenient for the pocket or otherwise; when thus closed up the
shanks of the scissors cannot be moved apart. When the blades are wholly pushed
out of the sheath the fulcrum of the blades coincides with that of the shanks, and
the scissors may then be used. There is a projecting flango along the inner edge on
one side of each shank, and the back prolongations of the scissor blades are thereby
kept from falling out. The blades are by preference kept against one another by a
flat spring, which also serves to create the required amount of friction against the
inside of the sheath; the latter may be formed with a small hole, and one of the
blades with a corresponding stud, which enters the said hole when the blades aro
pushed out of the sheath; the pressure of the thumb against the blade fulcrum
button forces the stud out of the hole, and the blades can then be pushed into the
sheath; there may be a similar hole at the other end of the sheath for the stud
to enter for holding the blades in the sheath.
The bows may be at the ends of the shanks as usual, or at the sides to save

page_text: length, or they may be dispensed with altogether, in which case a spring is fitted
between the two shanks tending to open the scissors.
The side or sides of the sheath may be formed suitable for the application of a
pin case, or needle case, or knife, pencil, tooth pick, or other pocket appliances, or
dressing-case fittings.
This Invention is applicable to scissors and shears in general.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS MOTORS.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ashley Wilson, George Duncan,
and William Ashley Wilson, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 16th August 1877.
GEORGE ASHLEY WILSON, GEORGE DUNCAN, and WILLIAM ASHLEY WILSON, all
of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS
MOTORS.'
This Invention relates to engines or motors operated by the expansion due to the
explosion of a mixture of inflammable gas, or vapour and air, or by atmospheric
pressure and vacuum consequent upon explosion, the former being preferred, and
has for its object to produce a cheap and efficient engine or motor, in which the
full effect of the explosion of the mixed gas, or vapour and air, shall be utilized.
In order to obtain an engine or motor having the above advantages we proceed
as follows:-
First. To ensure a thorough admixture or diffusion of the inflammable gas, or
vapour and air, to be exploded in the cylinder, we so arrange the motor or engine
that one stroke of the piston shall draw inflammable gas, or vapour and air, into
one end of the cylinder through a number of small holes or perforations, whilst
another stroke shall cause such mixed gas, or vapour and air, to pass through a
number of holes or perforations to the other end of the cylinder, where it is
exploded by any ordinary or desired means used in gas engines. Valves are used
to prevent the return of the mixed gas, or vapour and air, after it has once entered
the cylinder.
Second. In order that the mixed gas, or vapour and air, may pass through a large
number of holes or perforations in its passage into the cylinder, we form the said
holes or perforations in the cylinder cover and in the piston, and thus are enabled
to obtain a great number of holes or perforations so as to facilitate the admixture
and diffusion of the gases.
Third. To ensure that the explosion of the mixed gases in the cylinder shall be
of the most efficient kind, the size and number of holes or perforations for the
supply of gas, or vapour and air, are so regulated that the gas and air shall be

page_text: drawn into the cylinder during the stroke of the piston in the requisite proportions,
and further, we so arrange the governor that it shall act only so as to cut off the gas
or vapour from the cylinder before the stroke commences, or allow the gas or vapour
to enter the cylinder for the whole or a fixed portion of the stroke, thus ensuring
that the quantity and proportions of gas, or vapour and air, supplied to the cylinder
for an explosion shall be constant.
Fourth. To simplify the means whereby the mixed gases are exploded, we employ
an oscillating cylinder, and let the oscillating motion itself work apparatus to cause
the explosion of the mixed gases at the desired times.
Exhaust and admission valves are provided and operated in the usual or any
desired manner. Means, as is well known, is provided for keeping the cylinder
cool.