IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASHES, AND IN FASTENINGS FOR WINDOW SASHES AND SHUTTERS
Year: 1845

page_text: MACKIE, Or Dagg
reet,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-second day of April, in the eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Mackie, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial license, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William Mackie, my
exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Mackie,
my exors, adñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, usė, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WINDOW SASHES, AND IN FASTENINGS FOR WINDOW SASHES AND SHUTTERS;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said William
Mackie, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Mackie, do hereby declare that the following Specification, with
relative Drawings, is a true and explicit description of my said Invention or
improvements. The same letters of reference are put in all the different views
of the same parts in the Drawings, or on parts intended for the same use,
though somewhat different in form.

page_text: In order to disengage the under sash of any window from its sash frame,
and without removing the inside or stop beads A, I make the stile B of the
inside or under sash to terminate in a line with the said bead A, as in Figures
1 and 2, which are horizontal sections of one side of a sash frame, and of one
stile of the under and upper sashes, and to each of these stiles I fit on a slide
piece C to slide on the face of the pulley stile, or behind the inside bead A,
when the sash is pushed up or down, and I make the joining or seam between
the sash stile B, and slide piece C, impervious to the weather, but which piece
can be nevertheless easily separated from the sash, and reunited to it as
often as it may be wanted to take out and replace the sash. In order to
make the seam between the slide piece C and the sash stile B sufficiently air-
tight I overlap or rebat the outer edge of the slide and stile, as in Figure 1,
but in some instances, instead of this, I fit on to the outer edge of the slide and
stile a metallic plate D, as in Figure 2. I do not attach the pulley line to the
stile itself, as in the common window, but to the slide C, which, for the time,
is attached to the stile in the way about to be described, and it moves up and
down along with the sash, according as the window is opened or shut.
The meeting rails are of the usual form, as the section Figure 3.
Figure 4 is an elevation of the silde C, shewing that side of it which
when in its place applies to the edge of the sash stile B, and Figure 5
is an elevation of the stile of the sash, shewing that side of it which,
when in its place, applies to the slide piece C, and on which metallic
plates E, E, are screwed, having one or more clutches or hooks F, F,
corresponding in place and otherwise to a catch plate G, G, on the edge of
the sash stile.
away to shew the
hooks F, F, are
Figure 6 is an elevation of the slide C and catch plate G on the stile of the
saslı, and in contact with one another, and shewing the hooks F, F, in their
places behind the shoulders of the catch plates at G, G. Some of the timber
of the stile B and of the slide C is here supposed to be cut
internal plates, hooks, and catches now described. The
riveted into the plate E, E, and project beyond it fully one fourth of an inch,
and when the sash is about to be fixed to the slide C, the hooks are passed up
behind the shoulders of the catch plates, and thus support the sash, and the
hooks being made somewhat wider at their outer ends than at the bend, the
weight of the sash resting thus on inclined bearings brings the sash close and
still closer to the slide C' as the hooks become engaged with the catch plates.
The timber of the stile is cut down a little at H to admit of the slide C and
hooks F, F, being slid into engagements; and to prevent the sash from being
inadvertently unhooked when the sash is pushed up too violently at any time,

page_text: a pin K passes through the sash and into the hole M in the plate E, which
effectually locks the sash B to the slide C, and hence to the pulley line.
Figures 7, 8, 9, 10 shew a somewhat different form of the parts for
fixing the slide C to the sash stiles. In these Figures dovetailed dents or
projections F, F, on the edge of the slide C are made to fit into cavaties G, G,
sunk in the side of stile.
I have described the mechanism for one side of the sash, and am now to
describe that for the other side. It may have a slide similar to C in any of the
Figures now described, or it may have no such slide. In those instances in which
I do not use the slide C on both stiles I make one of them to slide up and down
behind the inside bead A, as in the common window, in which case, with the:
view to make the engagement of the stile with the pulley line, and disengagement
from it easily performed, I apply a variety of methods, such as the following:-
Figure 11 is an elevation of that edge of the sash stile which, when
in its place, applies to the face of the pulley stile, and N, N, is an iron
plate fixed to it, and which plate has catch holes P, P, and a hollow channel
up its middle, as in horizontal section, Figure 12.
Figure 13 is a mask plate made capable of fitting on and of coinciding with:
the parts of the plate N, N, so that its hooks Q, Q, Q, Q, pass into the holes
P, P, of the plate N, N, and thereby hold and connect the mask plate with the
plate N, N, and which mask plate being suspended by the pulley lines the
sash is also thereby suspended.
Figure 14 represents the back of the mask plate, or that side of it which,
when in its place, applies to the face of the pulley stile; and I make the
breadth of this mask plate three eighths of an inch more than the thickness of
the sash, and form a groove in the inside bead and outside casing to receive
this excess of breadth, which prevents this plate from being displaced at the
time the sash is being hooked on to it or off.
Figures 12 and 15 shew the plates N, N, and mask plate engaged with each
other in the way in which they are when the sash is in its place. When the
sash has been taken out of the sash frame the mask plate (Figure 13) remains
in the grooves of the sash frame suspended by the pulley line, and otherwise
held in its place, as has been and shall yet be further described.
Meanwhile, having specified the parts necessary to suspend the sash, and to.
admit of its being taken out of the sash frame, I am now to describe other
parts and operations which I employ in taking out and replacing the sash.
As already stated, the slide C at one side of the window, and the mask plate
(Figure 13) at the other side, are both attached to the pulley lines, so that
when the sash is unhooked from them they are apt to be drawn up by the sash

page_text: weights to an inconvenient height for again engaging the sash with them, and
to prevent this I employ metallic stops S, which are fixed flush in the face
of the pulley stile at each side of the window. The stop is mounted
on a pivot which works in a metallic plate, and by pushing back the top
R of the stop its foot comes forward over the head of the slide C, so
as to stop the upward motion of the slide C, and comes forward over the
head of the masked plate (Figures 13 and 14), or catches near to the
middle of that plate, as at Z, so as to stop its upward motion, and by
pushing up the sash a little further the hooks F and Q come out from
behind their catch plates G and N, on which the sash is disengaged from
the pulley lines and from the sash frame. In order to prevent the said stop
from losing its hold of the top of the slide C and mask plate by any accident,
I push down the small bolt (m) in Figures 16, 17, 18, and 19, which thereby
pressing back the head R of the stop prevents its foot from being disengaged
from the slide C and mask plate until wanted, and when the sash is to be
again replaced I pull up the small bolt (m), press back the foot S of the stop,
and again push down the bolt (m) in behind the head R of the stop, which
effectually prevents it from being accidentally displaced by the motion of the
sash up or down. Figures 17 and 18 are side views of these stops. But
insteal of this stop R, S, at both sides of the window, I use a different stop
at one or both sides of the window, in some instances, or in combination with
that now described. This different stop T, I insert in a hole U in the inside
bead, as in Figure 12, and which hole being opposite to a corresponding slit
V in the mask plate, the pin T passes through both, and also through a hole
in the parting bead W, Figure 3, which effectually prevents the mask plate
from being drawn up out of place by the sash weights when the sash is
removed from the sash frame. As already described, the mechanism and
method of operation for the upper sash are the same as for the under sash now
described, and need not be here repeated.
In addition to what is now specified, and which I now claim in my Patent
right, I am to describe other mechanism and methods I have invented for the
same purpose; that is to say, I make the parts as in the vertical section
(Figure 20), which represents the inside of the sash frame, the inside lining
and inside bead being taken off to shew the sash (a, b) in the grooves of the
sash frame and other parts. Here the pulley stile above the under sash is
recessed back sufficiently far to admit of the sash coming out from behind
the inside bead at the other side of the window when pushed aside into this
recess; I then fill up this recess by fitting into it a removeable piece X, X,
which when in its place is flush with the face of the pulley stile, so that the

page_text: stile of the sash slides up and down upon it as in the common windows.
I have also to observe that I form the parting bead W on the edge of this
removeable piece, the effects of which is, that on this piece being removed
from its recess the upper sash can also be removed from the sash frame; and
in order to disengage either sash from the pulley lines I attach these pulley
lines to parts such as has been already described, or instead of these I engage
them with a hook (b) screwed to the corners of the sash; or I attach the lines
by any other suitable means, and instead of recessing the upper part of the
pulley stile as now described, in some instances I recess the under part as in
Figures 16 and 17, and fit into it a removeable piece X, X, already described.
and whether the recess be made in the upper or under part of the pulley stile,
the pullies may be fixed at the top of the sash frame or in the pulley stile
itself, as in the common window, and the lines may be engaged with the sash
by means of catch and mask plates, as already described, and be stopped with
the stops R, S, or not, at pleasure. In those instances in which I do not use
the stop R, S, I prevent the end of the pulley line from being run up to an
inconvenient height merely by fastening a cord (e, f) to the pin (1) as in
Figures 20 and 21, and which cord being attached to the weight, and passed
through a hole in the top of the inside lining of the sash frame, effectually
prevents the descent of the weight and the displacement of the ends of the
pulley line until wanted. Again, instead of recessing a half of the pulley
stile as now described, in some instances I only recess a small part, as g and h,.
Figure 21, and which recesses receive the slide pieces i, k, which are metallic
plates fixed to the sash stile, and so placed that when the sash is drawn up or
down to a sufficient height they can be made to enter the recesses g and h,
and thus admit of the sash being pushed aside towards the pulley stile until
its other side or stile comes out from behind the inside bead or parting bead
at the other side of the window. The width of the space between i and k, or
the thickness of the slides i and k, are made fully as much as the thickness
of the inside and parting beads at the other side of the window, and from
behind which it is the object to bring either or both sashes; and what is here
stated is applicable to both sashes. Again, instead of either of the methods
now described I disengage the window sash from the sash frame by taking off
the inside and parting beads; and the manner of effecting this I am now
about describing, that is to say:-
Figure 22 is a horizontal section or plan of part of the under and upper
sashes of a window, and of a shutter and shutter box, and A is the inside bead
and W the parting bead, as in the examples already described; but instead
of fixing these with screws or nails to the face of the pulley stile, as in the

page_text: common window, I fix them in such a way as to come out easily when wanted,
without unscrewing anything; and to enable.me to do this, I serew in a metal
plate 1, 1, 1, to the face of the pulley stile, and opposite to this plate I screw a
nail into the back of the inside bead, leaving its conical head out far enough
to admit of its passing into the hole (m) in the plate l, and of becoming fixed
in that plate when the neck of said nail is pushed down into the narrow slit
(n) of the plate. I screw on three or more plates at convenient places in
the height of each sash at one side of the window; and the said screw nails
which catch in the plates being projected from the back of the bead at the
proper height to enter the hole m of each plate, I enter them, and then push
down the bead a little, on which the nails and bead become fixed to the
pulley stile; and when it is wanted to remove the bead so as to get the sash
out of the window frame I push up the bead until the heads of said nails
arrive at the holes m in each of the plates 1, to which the bead A is fastened.
The parting bead W is fixed to the pulley stile, and is removable at pleasure,
precisely in the same way as has been just described for the inside bead, with
this difference, that the catch nail is rivetted to the back of this metal parting
bead. To admit of both these beads being lifted up sufficiently far to admit of
their being disengaged from the plates l, I cut neat holes in the head of the
sash frame, so as to admit of the said bead being lifted up a little when
wanted. In this instance I disengage and re-engage the sash to the pulley.
lines by means of hooks, as already described in Figures 20 and 21.

page_text: SHUTTER FASTENER.
The object of this Invention is to prevent the shutter from warping, and to
take it out of winding when it has become warped, and to hold it in its place
in its box at all times. Figure 22 is a plan or horizontal section of a shutter
folded back into its boxing in the usual way, and K is a lever, the pivot
(M) of which passes through a groove in the lever, so as to admit of the lever
being engaged with and disengaged from the hook N, which is screwed to the
back of the shutter. These different positions of the lever are represented by
the full and by the dotted lines, as K, M, and L, M, and when the lever is
engaged with the hook N, and pressed back from the position L, M, into that
of K, M, the shutter is forcibly drawn into its boxing, and to prevent its
going too far in a fillet is nailed to the inside of the boxing at any part it
may be wanted to press the shutter against it, so as to take it out of winding.
This being done, the lever is made to act by bringing it into the position
K, M, and to hold it there; the plate P, Q, is screwed in the back of the boxing,
and the lever made to rest in the groove P or Q as the case may require.
In conclusion, I make each and all of the parts of any material best suited
to my purpose; and my claim of right in the said Letters Patent does not
include all methods of removing window sashes, and of replacing them in the
sash frames. But I do claim an exclusive right in the particular mechanism
and methods of using them now described, and of combining them with each
other in any window in the way I consider the best in any case.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Mackie, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of October, in the year of our
T