Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Feb., 1886.
Complete Left, 23rd Nov., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 21st Jan., 1887.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of
53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this said Invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved process and apparatus for roasting and
treating Coffee without direct contact with the fire, by means of which the whole of
the aroma is retained and the caffeine also extracted by distillation.
The essential feature of the Invention consists in the particular arrangement of the
different parts of the apparatus, which is represented, by way of example, in the
accompanying drawing.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of the roasting and distilling apparatus ;
Figure 2 a perspective view, and Figure 3 a cross section of the same. Figure 4
represents the apparatus for cooling the coffee used in combination with the roaster.
A is a rectangular casing, in the interior of which is a furnace D of circular form,
mounted on rollers B running on rails C, and which is introduced into the casing at
the door T. The furnace, which may be heated by gas or other fuel, is composed of
an ash-pit, grate-bars, door and sliding bottom for regulating the heat, whereby
the coffee is roasted and the aroma distilled without causing the caffeine to undergo
any change. The products of combustion pass out through the flue E. F. is a
globular vessel provided with a sliding door, and stirrer, rotated by a winch-handle.
I, pipe by which the aroma is conducted from chamber F, and d a diaphragm in the
mouth of the pipe to prevent the berries choking the outlet while allowing of a free
escape for the vapors. G. cover of vessel F made in two parts opening outwards.
The pipe I is protected from the action of the heat and is made in two parts so as to
facilitate the removal of the globular vessel F; it is also provided with a packing to
prevent any loss of vapors. J. is a vessel kept filled with cold water, in which the

page_text: coffee essence is condensed. To prevent the condensation, and therefore the distilla-
tion, of the aroma being imperfectly effected in the event of too large a quantity of
the essence being introduced into the condenser J, a worm tube a is disposed in its
interior, communicating with a chamber 6 of elliptical form, into which the vapors
from the globular vessel F are introduced by pipe T. The distillation is effected for
the most part in chamber b, the uncondensed vapors passing into worm a where the
condensation is completed; the essence being drawn off by a cock N into a vessel V
of any kind. K, vessel closed by a cover U at bottom of which is a perforated conical
tube open at top, and serving to concentrate the essence or dry vapor in the coffee
contained in said vessel. O, emptying cock of condenser. Q feed pipe by which cold
water is introduced by means of a funnel, or it may be connected to a service or other
cock. By means of this pipe the cold water at the bottom part of the condenser J is
constantly renewed, and forces the hot water out at top through the discharge pipe P.
A space is provided in the casing A closed by a door Reither for holding a supply of
coffee, or for containing the cooler, (Figure 4) The side door S is for establishing a
current of air beneath the vessel F and for completing the distillation of the coffee, at
which stage the furnace D is moved along the rails Caway from beneath the globular
roaster F.
Figure 4 represents the apparatus for cooling the coffee, and at same time pre-
serving its aroma, thus completing the treatment effected by the roaster. It consists
of a cylinder a preferably of tin plate, provided with a shaft having stirrers 66¹ and
mounted to rotate in a tank g filled with cold water which is kept in constant circula-
tion. The cylinder, which is filled with equal parts of cold coffee and hot coffee from
the roaster, is rotated for a few moments during which the temperatures of the two
coffees becomes equalized, the aroma of the hot coffee being absorbed by the cold
coffee until the whole is completely cooled. The cylinder is filled and emptied by its
mouth c which is closed by a cap d.
This treatment forms the complement of the system of roasting, distillation, and
concentration herein described.
A. M. CLARK.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London,
Patent Agents.

page_text: CUM LEID DI MUIFICATION.
An Improved Process and Apparatus for Treating Coffee.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of
53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention (a communication to me from
abroad by Antoine Louis Saint Aubin, of Rheims, (Marne) France, Pharmaceutical
Chemist, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:
This Invention relates to an improved process and apparatus for roasting coffee
without direct contact with the fire, and in such a way that the whole of the aroma is
retained and the caffeine recovered by distillation.
The invention consists in the particular arrangement and combination of the different
parts of the apparatus, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying
drawings forming part of this specification, wherein Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical
section of the roasting and distilling apparatus; Figure 2 a perspective view, and
figure 3 a cross section of the same. Figure 4 represents the apparatus for cooling
the coffee used in combination with the roaster Figure 5 is a central vertical section of
a modified arrangement of the roasting and distilling apparatus, figure 6 a plan, and
figure 7 an end elevation of the same. Figure 8 is a vertical section and figure 9 a
plan of the mixer Figure 10 shews a vertical section and figure 11 a plan of the
cover of the spherical roasting vessel. Figures 12 and 13 shew a vertical section and
plan of a sight hole, and also the mode of mounting the spherical roaster upon its
journals.
Referring to figures 1 to 4 inclusive, A is a rectangular casing containing a
furnace D of circular form mounted on wheels B running on rails C the furnace
being introduced at a door T. The furnace, which in this example is heated by means
of wood, coal, or coke, may also be heated by gas supplied to a ring or other burner
disposed within the furnace. It comprises an ash-pit, grate bars, door, and regulator,
for so moderating the heat that the coffee shall be roasted and the aroma distilled
without the caffeine undergoing any change. The products of combustion pass out
through the flue E. F. is a globular vessel provided with a sliding door and rotating
stirrer. The outlet pipe I, by which the aroma is conducted from the vessel, has a
diaphragm d preventing the berries H choking the outlet while allowing the free
escape of the vapors. The vessel is enclosed by a cover G made in two parts opening
outwards. The pipe I is beyond the action of the fire and is made in two parts to
permit the removal of the vessel F, the joint being packed to prevent loss of vapors.
J is a condenser containing a chamber 6 of lenticular form in connection with the
pipe I and a worm tube a connected to chamber 6 and leading to cock N the worm
and chamber a b being kept covered with cold water supplied intermittently or con-
stantly at Q, the heated water flowing out at P. It is also provided with an
emptying cock O. The vapors from the roaster enter the chamber 6 wherein the
condensation is for the most part effected, the uncondensed vapors passing thence into

page_text: worm a where the condensation is completed, the condensed essence being drawn off
at cock N into a vessel V. Above the condenser is a vessel K in which rises a per-
forated conical open tube into which rises the open mouth of the chamber b. The
vessel K is closed by a cover U and contains coffee which surrounds the perforated
cone and in which the dry vapor or essence becomes concentrated.
A space is provided in the casing A closed by a door R (figure 2) either for holding
a supply of coffee or for containing the cooler (figure 4). The side door S is for
establishing a current of air beneath the roaster F and for completing the distillation
of the coffee, at which stage the furnace D is moved along the rails C away from
beneath the roaster F.
Figure 4 represents the apparatus for cooling the coffee and at same time preserving
its aroma, thus completing the treatment effected by the roaster. It consists of a
cylinder a preferably of tin plate, provided with a shaft having stirrers bb' and
mounted to rotate in a tank g filled with cold water which is kept in constant circula-
tion. The cylinder which is filled with equal parts of cold coffee and hot coffee from
the roaster is rotated for a few moments during which the temperatures of the coffee
becomes equalized, the aroma of the hot coffee being absorbed by the cold coffee
until the whole is completely cooled. The cylinder is filled and emptied by its
mouth c which is closed by a cap d, the cylinder being for this purpose removable so
that it may be stood upon end.
This treatment forms the complement of the system of roasting, distillation, and
concentration, herein described.
Figures 8 and 9 shew the mixer for effecting the reabsorption by the coffee of the
juice or sap produced in the distillation. It consists of a sheet metal cylinder closed
at both ends. When the coffee has been sufficiently roasted in the vessel F, the
furnace B is moved into the space C, figure 5, and the mixer introduced in its place at
the door D. The coffee is then allowed to fall from the roaster into the mixer through
the funnel mouthed top E, the mixer is removed and hung in the supports hh
figures 5, 6, and 7, which can be slid in and out of the furnace in which position it
can be rotated by means of the winch handle J figure 6. The mixer is traversed by
several perforated tubes, of which one is shewn at L figure 8, situated at its pivotal
axis, and communicates with a filling funnel K (figures 6 and 8). The sap is poured
into the latter and is supplied under the control of a screw M to the perforated tubes
by which it is distributed through the coffee. The coffee, after absorbing the sap, is
discharged into any suitable receptacle by removing cover n which, like cover f, is
secured by bayonet fastenings. The portable furnace B, is in this case, composed of a
circular chamber 6, figure 5 supported on a truck o mounted on wheels as in the
preceding arrangement. P is a diaphragm formed preferably of a cylinder provided
with a cap or cover of wire cloth p fitting on the cylinder at q, so as to be readily
removable, said cylinder also having a tubular neck fitting in the end of pipe R by
screw coupling at s. y, is a sampling or testing device provided with a spring
T, figure 5 is the condenser of lenticular form as before, but in lieu of the worm
employed in the former arrangement, three small lenticular shaped chambers t, t¹,
are superposed and connected with chamber T, and each other as shewn. The vapors
are introduced to the condenser T by the bent pipe R. The vessel U is placed in
communication with condenser T by means of a valve V operated by a handle X
figure 6.
a
The roasting vessel F is closed in the following manner :-a frame b (figures 10
and 11) is rivetted around the mouth of the vessel and a cover a ground thereon, so as
to make a tight joint, the cover being held in place by lugs n taking under springs c, c¹
upon the ring frame b and engaging therewith by partially rotating the lid.
In order that the roasting operation may be overlooked, the journal a of the roaster
(see figures 12 and 13) is made in the form of a hollow cone at its inner end which is
rivetted over an opening in the roaster and provided with a sight hole ; which may be
closed by a sleeve b' having a corresponding hole in it. The sleeve is rotated on the
cone and provided with a button c and guide pin and slot g.
The journal a of the roaster F turns in a bearing d, and is rotated by the handle e.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :—
1. The combination with a coffee roaster of a distillatory apparatus into which the
coffee essence is introduced, consisting of a receiver placed in communication with a
worm tube immersed in water, and surmounted by a perforated tube rising in an upper
vessel containing dry coffee, as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompany-
ing drawings.
2nd. The herein described process of treating coffee which consists in extracting
the essence from the vapors escaping from the roaster, and condensing and collecting
a portion of the same by distillation, the remainder of the said vapors being con-
centrated in the dry coffee, and the treatment being afterwards completed by the
refrigeration of the coffee in a rotating cylinder containing cold coffee, the cylinder
being cooled externally, as, and for the purpose specified.
3rd. In a coffee roasting and distilling apparatus, effecting the closure of the roasting
vessel by means of a frame b and cover a having their surfaces truly faced and of
springs c c¹ for securing said cover in position, whereby the roasting vessel is hermeti-
cally closed as shewn and described.
4th. In a coffee roasting and distilling apparatus, the means for enabling the
progress of the roasting to be superintended consisting in a hollow conical journal of
the roaster, provided with a sight hole j having covering ring as shewn and
described.
5th. The employment in connection with a coffee roasting and distilling apparatus,
of a rotary mixer provided with a perforated tube through which the sap is distributed
among the coffee while the mixer is being rotated as shewn and described.
6th. In a coffee roasting and distilling apparatus as herein described, constructing
the condenser of a series of superposed lenticular chambers t t¹t" united by tubes in
combination with a lenticular condensing chamber T of larger dimensions into which
the vapors from the roaster are admitted, all substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in the drawings.
A. MELVILLE CLARK.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London,
Patent Agents.