IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FIGURED FABRICS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ROLLERS TO BE USED UPON THE PATTERN CHAINS OF SUCH LOOMS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfield, of 8, Sussex Place,
Loughborough Road, Brixton, in the County of Surrey, for the Inven-
tion, of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FIGURED
FABRICS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ROLLERS TO BE USED UPON THE
PATTERN CHAINS OF SUCH LOOMS."-A communication.
1.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tomlinson Bous-
field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th February 1855..
1.
1. I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sussex Place, Loughborough Road;
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FIGURED FABRICS,
AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ROLLERS TO BE USED UPON THE PATTERN CHAINS,
OF SUCH LOOMS," to be as follows:-.
This Invention has. for its object improvements in looms for weaving orna-
mental figured fabrics, and in the pattern surfaces used therein; and the
Invention consists of arranging two or more patterns on a single chain, and
causing the chain to be changed from time to time in its action, and thus to
produce one pattern at one. time, another pattern at another time, according
to the order in which the patterns on the chain are brought into action.
Also the using two or more patterns on the rod of a pattern chain side by:

page_text: side, and acting with them in succession by moving or vibrating the chain
laterally.
And also in arranging the bars used in the frames for raising and depressing
the vertical rods in such manner that they may pivot at one end, the other
end being made adjustable, for the purpose of better opening the shed in the
warp.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th July 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of 8, Sussex Place, Loughborough Road, Brixton, in
the County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing dato the Seventh day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth' year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, Her special licenco that I, the said
George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as 1, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the terin therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within tho United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING ORNAMENTAL
FIGURED FABRICS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ROLLERS TO BE USED UPON THE
PATTERN CHAINS OF SUCH LOOMS," (being a communication from abroad,) upon
the condition (aniongst others) that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the samo to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the dato of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the samo is to
bo performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, together with the Drawings hereto annexed, that
is to say-

page_text: The first part of the Invention consists in placing two or more patterns
upon a single chain, so that by bringing the rods of the chain into operation.
in a certain order one pattern is produced, and by operating them in a different
order another pattern is produced.
The second part of the Invention consists in placing two or more patterns
side by side upon the rod of a pattern chain, and operating them in succession
by vibrating the chain laterally.
The third part of the Invention consists in pivoting the rods which raise
and depress the jacks at one end, the other end being made adjustable for the
purpose, which will be hereafter described.
The fourth part of the Invention consists in certain improvements in the
construction of the rollers of pattern chains for looms.
To enable others skilled in the art to make use of the Invention, I will
proceed to describe the manner which I have adopted of carrying it out,
referring generally to the principal features of the loom where they do not
differ from those of similar looms as heretofore constructed, and describing
particularly only those parts which form the subject of the Invention, reference
being had to the annexed Drawings; in which, Fig. 1 is a side view of part of
a loom with the improvements attached; Fig. 2, an end view of the same;
Fig. 8, a plan; Fig. 4, a view of the opposite side of the loom, a portion of the
framework being removed in the various Figures, whero necessary, to show
the parts behind. Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, & 10 are details, which will be referred
to hereafter. Fig. 11 is an elevation of two of the rollers of the pattern chain
upon the spindle, on which they are cast; Fig. 12 is a longitudinal section
upon the same; Fig. 18 is an end view of one of the rollers; Fig. 14, an
end view of one of the tubes, upon which the rollers are cast; Fig. 15, a view
of one of the rollers of the smallest size.
In weaving ornamental figured goods, both colored and plain, it is often
desirable to repeat one pattern for a certain distance, and then to follow it by
another, which in like manner is repeated as far as required, and so on, with
four or more separate patterns, the complete series when finished being again
repeated in the same order. To weave such goods it has heretofore been
necessary to employ two or more pattern chains, which are operated in suc-
cassion, each one being run a sufficient length of time to complete the desired
length. of pattern before it is followed by the next one. By the use of my
present Invention, I am enabled to weave all such goods with a single pattern
chain in which the necessary changes required by the different Figures are all
automatically made by the loom itself.
In the accompanying Drawings, A is the framework of the loom; B, the

page_text: lathe, which is operated in the usual manner by cranks II upon the crank shaft
D, to which the power is applied which sets the loom in motion; E is the
pattern chain, the rollers a upon which govern the motions of the harness in
the customary manner. The rods are raised for the purpose of operating the
heddles by the following means:-G is a bar attached to the vertical sliding
rods I, which are secured at top to the bar or evener K, and slide vertically
in bearings L. The frame G, I, K, is vibrated up and down by the arm N
and crank M upon the shaft D. A similar frame, composed of the horizontal
bars O, P, and vertical rods R, serves the purpose of depressing thoso rods
which require to be carried down the bar P, taking into the hooks b upon the
rear of the rods F and the bar G in the hooks c upon the front of the same
rods. These two frames are so connected with each other by the lever S,
pivoted at d, that as one of them rises the other falls, in a manuer similar to
that employed upon other looms of this kind.
In order that the shed may be evenly and uniformly opened, I have adopted
the following plan of giving an increased motion to those leaves of the harness
which are farthest from the shuttle race. The bar G, instead of being con-
nected rigidly with the rods I, is pivoted at t to an adjustable socket u, the
other end is raised or lowered by the nuts w, to, by which means the bar
may be set at any desired inclination. One end of the bar P, which depresses
the rods F, is made similarly adjustable, and thus the shed is evenly and
uniformly opened, which would not be the case were the lifting bar G to
be horizontal.
I will now describe the manner in which the pattern chain is operated.
It is carried in the usual manner by notched wheels fupon the shaft T,
which are caused to revolve by the following means:-U, Fig. 7, is a ratchet
wheel upon the shaft T, having a number of teeth, equal to the number of
notches in the carrying wheels f; V is a bent lever, which is allowed to
move freely upon the shaft T', and is vibrated by the rod W, which is set
in motion by B pin in the crank g, which plays in the slot h. The lever
V carries a pawl i, which engages with the teeth of the ratchet wheel U,
and thus, as the crank 9 revolves, the shaft T, and with it tho pattern
chain, is set in motion. X is a lever, pivoted at 4, of the form represented
in Fig. 7, which projects over the shaft T, and lies immediately at the side
of the ratchet wheel U. is a pin, projecting from the side of the pawl i,
which rests upon the top of the lever X. The object of this lover, which
may be placed in three different positions, is to regulate the distance which
the ratchet wheel is vibrated by the pawl when in its lowest position, as
scon in Fig. 7; the pin does not touch it as the pawl i vibrates, and

page_text: the latter is allowed to rovolve the ratchet wheel U a distance equal to the
length of three teeth. When the lever is raised into its second position,
as seen in red in Fig. 7, the pin is raised from out of contact with the
ratchet wheel for a portion of its vibration, and the latter is moved two
teeth; and when the lover X is raised into its third position, as seen in
blue in Fig. 7, the pawl is thereby raised so high that it is made to pass over
two teeth of the ratchet wheel, and the latter is moved a distance equal to the
length of but one tooth. As the number of teeth in the ratchet wheel is the
same as the number of the notches in the wheels which carry the pattern
chain, it is evident that whon the ratchet wheel is moved but one tooth, the
rollers upon each successive rod of the chain are brought to bear upon
the rods F. When, however, the ratchet wheel is moved two teeth, the rollers
upon every alternate rod are brought into operation; and when the ratchet
wheel is moved three teeth, the pattern chain is moved a corresponding distance
only, every third rod of rollers being brought into operation. The object of
communicating these different degrees of motion to the pattern chain will now
be explained.
Suppose A', A', Fig. 9, to be the pattern, which is first to be woven for a
specified distance, and that the pattern for weaving one of the diamonds m be
arranged upon the rods 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, of the chain. Let the chain
bo in such a position that the rollers upon the rod 1 bear upon the rods F,
and let the lever X be in such a position that the pawl i shall move the ratchet
wheel two teeth each time the crank shaft revolves: it is evident now that the
pattern upon the rods 1, 3, 5, &c. will be repeated so long as the lever X
remains unmoved. Suppose now that after a certain interval it be required to
follow this pattern by another, B', Fig. 9: the pattern for weaving one of the
diamonds m³ is arranged upon the rods 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14; the lever X is
then thrown into the position seen in black in Fig. 7, the pawl i being thereby
permitted to revolve the ratchet wheel three teeth, and the pattern chain is
moved from 13 to 2, or so that the rollers upon the latter rod bear upon the
rods F; the lever X is immediately returned to the position which permits
the ratchet wheel to be revolved two teeth at a time, and the pattern upon
the rods 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 is repeated so long as the lever X continues
unmoved. If now it be desired to repeat the pattern A' after a sufficient
quantity of the pattern B' is woven, it is evident, as the former must begin with
the rod 1, while the latter ends with the rod 14 in order to make this transition
from 14 to 1, the ratchet wheel must be revolved one tooth only; to accomplish
this, the lever X is raised to its highest position (as seen in blue in Fig. 7),
and before the next pick the lever is again returned to its intermediate position,

page_text: and the pattern upon the rods 1, 3, 5, 7, &c. continues until the lever X is
again changed. It now remains to show the manner in which the lever X
is thrown into the desired positions at the proper time to govern the motions
of the pattern chain. This is accomplished by the pattern wheel Z having
two circles of holes, n & o, into which are inserted pins p, q, the latter
being double the length of the former, Fig. 3. The wheel Z is revolved
in the following manner-a' is a pawl, which engages with teeth upon
the periphery of the wheel Z, and is operated by dogs b₁ upon the pattern
chain. Whenever it is required that tho pawl i shall move the ratchet
wheel U two teeth, for the purpose of bringing every alternate rod of the
chain into operation, one of the pins 9 is allowed to strike upon the toe r of
the lever X, and throw the latter into the position represented in red. When
it is required to move the ratchet wheel U but one tooth, one of the outer
circle of pins p is allowed to bear upon the lever X at S, by which means the
latter is raised into the position represented in blue, Fig. 7, and the pawl i is
held up, so that the ratchet wheel U is moved but one tooth. If it be required
to pass over two rods of the chain and to bring the third one into operation,
the lever is allowed to drop upon the shaft T, which is accomplished by
leaving the holes 1, 0, in the wheel Z vacant, which permits the lever X to
take the position shown in black in Fig. 7, so as not to interfere with tho
operation of the pawl i. The pins p & q aro so arranged in the holes of the
wheel Zas to give the proper succession of Figures, by governing the motion
of the pattern chain, as required.
The second part of the Invention consists in placing two patterus side by
side upon the rods of the pattern chain, the latter being vibrated longitudinally
at propor intervals, so as to bring one or other of these patterns into operation
at a time, the lateral vibration of the pattern chain being governed by a pin
wheel, similar to the one described above, for the purposo of regulating the
revolving motion of the pattern chain.
By a referenco to Fig. 2 it will be seen that there are two separato patterns
arranged upon the chain, a portion of the rollers being of a sufficient width
only to allow them to enter between the rods F; these patterns are so arranged,
that when the chain is in one position one only of tho patterns is brought into
operation, and when it is vibrated slightly to one side, this pattern is thrown
out of operation and the other is brought into use. The vibration of the pattern
chain at the proper time is eflected in the following manner :-E' is a lever,
pivoted to the frame of the loom at c', and which is vibrated once for every
rovolution of the crank shaft in the following manner is a shoc attached
to this lover by a pin; this shoo ruus in a double groove e, f, Fig. 5, of the

page_text: wheel F, upon the crank shaft D. This groove is so formed, that on the
arrival of the shoe at the point x, it is switched into the groove of smaller
diameter f¹; and again, at the arrival of the shoe at the point y' it is switched
into the groove of larger diameter el; a vibratory motion is thus communicated
to the lever E' up and down once for every two revolutions of the crank shaft.
The shaft T, which carries the pattern chain, is vibrated in its bearings g' in
the following manner:- is a spring fork, which is made to play in one of
two grooves i on the shaft T; this spring is attached to the short shaft G'.
I is an arm, projecting from the shaft G, and connected with the lever E¹ by
the rod H¹; by these connections it will appear that when the lever E' is
vibrated by the revolution of the cam F¹, the shaft G¹ will also be vibrated,
and a longitudinal vibratory motion will be communicated to the shaft T of the
pattern chain, except when this shaft is held stationary, by means to be
presently described, in which case the spring fork his allowed to bend as the
shaft G' vibrates, and no motion is communicated to the shaft T; this latter is
held stationary when it is not required to be moved in the following manner:-
J' is a lever, pivoted at k', one end of which is allowed to rest in one or other
of the grooves ; K' is a wheel, having a circle of holes l' near its periphery;
into these holes are inserted at suitable intervals pins m³, which strike upon
the rear end of the lever J', and raise it from out the grooves i of the shaft T.
n is a spring, which presses the lever into the grooves whenever it is
not raised by the pins in the wheel K'; O' is a spring, which presses upon
the periphery of the wheel K', and prevents it, as well as the wheel Z, from
moving, except as they are driven by the dogs 61 and the pawl a', in the
manner described.
It has been stated that some of the rollers of the pattern chain project
between the rods F, and it becomes necessary before the pattern chain can be
moved laterally that these rods' should be pressed back out of its way. This
is effected in the following manner: The lever E', which effects the lateral
movement of the pattern chain, is allowed to extend upon the opposite side of
its pivot, and is connected by, the rod L to a vibrating frame, M', Fig. 7;
having fingers p', which project between the rods F. A horizontal rod g¹
passes through these fingers, and as the frame M' is vibrated, in the manner
before described, these rods are pressed back out of the way of the rollers
upon the pattern chain, which latter is thus left free to be moved laterally if
required.
Let us suppose now that the requisite amount has been woven of the
patterns A', B', and that it be desired to follow them by the patterns C, D¹,
Fig. 9: the pattern Ci is arranged upon the rods 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12; '14; by tho

page_text: side of the pattern B', and upon the completion of the latter pattern, a pin m
in the wheel K' raises the lever J' from out the grooves i', and the rods F
having been pressed back by the rod q', as described, the shaft T is vibrated
by the spring h', and the next instant the lever J' falls into the next groove i',
and the shaft of the chain is again prevented from being vibrated laterally
until a suflicient quantity of the pattern C' has been woven. The pattern D
is arranged upon the rods 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, by the side of the pattern A',
and the pattern C' being completed, the chain is shifted, so as to bring the
rods 1. 8, 5, &c. into operation, in the manner already described, each entire
révolution of the pattern chain, as before, being sufficient to complete one of
the squares mt. On the completion of the requisite amount of this pattern,
the pattern chain is moved laterally, in the manner before described, and the
series is again repeated, beginning at A', as before. It is evident that the
number of patterns which may be arranged upon a single chain by either
of the above methods is not limited to two or four, but that a greater number
may be employed, the size and proportions of the parts immediately connected
therewith being varied in accordance.
The above described improvements are not alone applicable to those loomis
which work with pattern chains, but may also be applied to those using other
varieties of pattern, as jacquard looms, or to those working with pin chains, as
the well-known witches, wizards, &c.
Heretofore it has been customary to cast pattern chain rollers solid, and
subsequently to turn them down to a uniform length, the hole through the
centro being bored to accommodate the rod upon which the rollers were strung;
the object of the fourth improvement is to do away with both these operations,
and to produce a roller which shall require no further labor than is necessary
to dress off its rough surface. This part of the Invention consists in casting
the rollers upon a previously formed wrought-iron tube, which is made of
the exact length necessary to bring the rollers when strung upon the rods
into the required positions; these tubes are seen at a³ of the accompanying
Drawings. The mould for casting the rollers having been prepared, the tubes
are strung upon a rod of the size of one of the carrying rods of the chain,
and are inserted in the mould; the rollers C are then cast upon the tubes, as
seen in Figs. 11 & 12, tho tube being allowed to project upon one side
of the mould a distance suflicient to keep the rollers at the required distance
apart when strung upon the rods of the chain without the use of washers,
extra tubes, or other similar contrivances, for the purpose of adjusting their
position on the rods. It will be perceived that rollers thus constructed will
possess many advantages, independent of the economy of their original con-

page_text: struction, over those heretofore in use:-1st, owing to the exact and unvarying
length of the tubes a², each roller finds its proper position upon the rods
of the pattern chain without the use of the washers or short tubes heretofore
employed. 2d, the length of bearing of the rollers upon their carrying rods
is much increased, which is an important item, particularly with the narrow
rollers, the bearing of which is thereby doubled, as seen in Fig. 15.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I would have it understood that under the
above recited Letters Patent I claim,-
1st, arranging two or more patterns upon a single chain, so that by bringing
the rods of the chain into operation in a certain order one pattern is produced,
and by operating them in a different order another pattern is produced, in the
manner described.
2d, I claim placing two or more patterns side by side upon the rods of a
pattern chain, and operating thein in succession by vibrating the chain laterally,
in the manner described.
3d, I claim pivoting the lifting and depressing rods G, P, at one end, the
other end being made adjustable, in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
I do not claim as new the process of uniting cast and wrought iron by
casting the ono upon the other, neither do I claim any metallurgical process
whatever; but what I do claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is, the
within-described improvements in pattern chain rollers, a wrought-iron tube
being made use of for the bearing of the roller, the body of the roller being
secured thereto by casting in the manner set forth, whereby the rollers when
strung upon the chains are caused to fall into the exact positions required to
operate the hooked jacks without the necessity of gauging and turning down
the roller, as has heretofore been done.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have hero-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
W. S. HARRISON,
New Court, St. Swithin's Lane,
London.
GEO. T. BOUSFIELD. (L.B.)