IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Henry Varley of Mildmay Park Works in
the County of Middlesex Electrical Engineer John Ronald Shearer of
10 Basinghall Street in the city of London Chartered Accountant William
Beale of 370 Holloway Road in the County of Middlesex Confectioner and
Robert Henry Padbury of 24 Mildmay Grove in the County of Middlesex
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Henry Varley,
John Ronald Shearer, William Beale, and Robert Henry Padbury at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September 1883.
:
FREDERICK HENRY VARLEY of Mildmay Park Works in the County of
Middlesex Electrical Engineer, JOHN RONALD SHEARER of 10 Basinghall Street
in the City of London Chartered Accountant, WILLIAM BEALE of 370 Holloway
Road in the County of Middlesex Confectioner and ROBERT HENRY PADBURY of
24 Mildmay Grove in the County of Middlesex Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES"
Our invention has for its object the construction of Dynamo machines based
upon the discoveries of Faraday and Ampère whereby a continuous current is
developed in a conductor placed parallel to a central magnet so long as the
conductor is rotated round the magnet. The best effect is obtained when the
direction of rotation is at right angles to the magnetic rays passing radially from
the magnetic centre. A similar effect is also obtained by rotating a disc conductor
between the poles of a horse shoe magnet. The reason why these discoveries so
long since known, have not been practically applied to the production of continuous
currents without commutation is no doubt due to the lowness of potential of the
current thus developed precluding their application to the arts and industries.
To render these currents available for the production of the Electric light and
generally to the arts and industries it is necessary to couple a series of movable
conductors together in such a manner as to effect an accumulation of potentials.
One method of effecting this is as follows:-A fixed cylindrical magnetic core is

page_text: Burrounded by a cylindrical magnetic shell sufficiently large to leave an annular
space in which a cylindrical cage made of bar conductors placed parallel to each
other. and to the axis of the magnetic cylinder may rotate freely. The ends of the
cage are formed of discs made of papier mache, ebo ite or other suitable material
to insulate and keep in position the separate bars forming the cage. These discs
bave a concentric hole sufficiently large to pass over a stationary axis and are
attached to a rotating tube or sleeve which carries a series of separate conducting
discs insulated by a suitable substance or space.-These discs correspond in number
to the number of the bars and each disc is connected to a separate bar and forms a
rotary terminal or connection. Against the margin of these terminals contact
rubbers or springs are placed which serve to conuert by an external sy-tem of leads
the bars of the cage in continuous service and at the same time to cause the current
flowing through each of these bars to pass in the same direction. The magnetic
core and shell are preferably magnetized by electro-magnet generally termed field
magnets but they may be magnetised with permanent magnets. When permanent
magnets are employed we generally construct them as follows:-A col of steel
wire is unwound and passed through a reverberatory furnace or hearth to render
it of a bright red heat. It is then led through a cooling trough and a powerfully
magnetized helix and tempered by passing under oil or other suitable means of
cooling at the magnetizing or focal area. This tempering may also be effected
under magnetism. The wire thus passed through is magnetized in continuous
-length and can then be cut or broken into suitable lengths to form the permanent
field and as the amount of magnetism will be in proportion to the number of the
wires thus grouped and magnetized very highly it is possible to obtain a compound
permanent magnet having very nearly the same power as is obtained from electro
magnets in which case the loss of current absorbed in charging the field is obviated.
We also employ a series of disc-conductors placed in continuous series by an
external system of connection so that the potential raised in one of the discs is inade
to increase the potential of the next and so forth such discs rotating in suitably
constructed magnetic fields.
Another form by which we obtain a continuous current is by mounting a helix
on an iron core and rotating the same at a high speed on its axis such axis also
revolving round a magnetized centre or core. These motions are generally expressed
as axial and orbitual. In other words the motion of the earth round the sun
supposing the axis of the earth to be in the same plane as the orbit will represent
this the sun representing a magnetic pole and the axis of the earth an iron core
with wire wound equatorially. We also use this invention in conjunction with
Frederick Henry Varley's patent of the 24th day of October 1882 No 5055 for the
purpose of obtaining alternating currents with or without commutation. Likewise
We employ
we employ any or all of these forms of our invention as motors.
also a motor driven by continuous currents having rocking armature shaped
like a segment of a cylinder and capable of moving on a plane. The plane is
constructed with a series of electro-magnets which come successively into play
and by commutation the armature is made to r ck to and fro. We utilise the
rocking motion by employing it through a connecting rod to drive a crank or throw
pin or other suitable mechanical contrivance to give motion to a fly wheel and
shafting which likewise may be made to drive the commutator.
By inversion we employ this form also to convert motion into current in which
case the moving segment takes the part of the field-magnet and the stationary coils
that of the armatures from which the current is derived.
It is also obvious that the electro-magnets can be fixed on a circular plane the
direction of the poles being radial or nearly so and the armature in the form of a
roller moving freely against the poles.

page_text: .
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederick Henry Varley, John Ronald Shearer, William Beale, aud
Robert Henry Padbury in the Patent Office on the 26th March 1884.
FREDERICK HENRY VARLEY of Mildmay Park Works in the County of
Middlesex, Electrical Engineer, JOHN RONALD SHEARER of 10 Basinghall Street
in the City of London, Chartered Accountant WILLIAM BEALE of 370 Holloway
Road in the County of Middlesex, Confectioner:-and ROBERT HENRY PADBURY of
24 Mildmay Grove in the County of Middlesex, Engineer; IMPROVEMENTS IN
DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
Our Invention has for its object the construction of dynamo machines based
upon the discoveries of Faraday and Ampère whereby a continuous current is
developed in a conductor placed parallel to a central magnet so long as the
conductor is rotated round the magnet. The best effect is obtained when the
direction of rotation is at right angles to the magnetic rays passing radially from
the magnetic centre. A similar effect is also obtained by rotating a disc conductor
between the two poles of a horse shoe magnet. The reason why these discoveries
80 long since known have not been practically applied to the production of
continuous currents without commutation is no doubt due to the lowness of
potential of the current thus developed precluding their application to the arts and
industries. To render these currents suitable for the production of the electric
light and generally to the arts and indu-tries it is necessary to couplé a series of
movable conductors together in such a manner as to effect an accumulation of
potentials. Our method of effecting this is as follows-A fixed cylindrical magnetic
core is surrounded by a cylindrical magnetic shell sufficiently large to leave an
annular space in which a cylindrical cage made of bar conductors placed parallel to
each other and to the axis of the magn-tic cylinder may rotate freely. The en Is
of the cage are formed of discs male of papier mache ebonite or other suitable
material to insulate and keep in position the separate bars forming the cage. These
discs have a concentric hole sufficiently large to pass over a stationary axis and
attached to a rotating tube or sleeve which carries a series of separate conducting
discs insulated by a suitable substance or space. These discs correspond in number
to the number of the bars and each disc is connected to a separate bar and forms a
rotary terminal or connection. Against the margin of these terminals contact
rubbers or springs are placed which serve to connect by an external system of
leads the bars of the cage in continuous series and at the same time to cause the
current flowing through each of these bars to pass in the same direction. The
magnetic core and shell are preferably magnetized by electro magnets generally
termed field magnets but they. may be magnetized with permanent magnets.
When permanent magnets are employed we generally construct them as follows-A
coil of steel wire is unwound and passed through a reverberatory furnace or hearth
to render t of a bright red heat. It is then led through a cooling trough and a
powerfully magnetised helix, and tempered by passing under oil or other suitable
means of cooling at the magnetizing or focal area. This tempering may also be
effected under magnetism. The wire thus passed through is magnetised in
continuous length and can then be cut or broken into suitable lengths to form the
permanent field and as the amount of magnetisin will be in proportion to the
number of the wires thus grouped and magnetized very highly it is possible to
obtain a compound permanent magnet having very nearly the same power as is
obtained from electro magnets in which case the loss of current absorbed in charging
the field is obvinted. We also employ a series of disc conductors placed in con-
tinuous series by an external system of connection so that the potential raised in

page_text: one of the discs is made to increase the potential of the next and so forth such discs
rotating in suitably connected magnetic fields.
Another form by which we obtain a continuous current is by mounting a helix
on an iron core and rotating the same at a high speed on its axis such axis also
revolving round a magnetic centre or core. These notions are generally expressed
as axial and orbital. In other words the motion of the earth round the sun-
supposing the axis of the earth to be in the same plane as the orbit will represent
this the sun representing a magnetic pole and the axis of the earth an iron core
with wire wound equatorially. We also use this invention in conjunction with
Frederick Henry Varley's patent of the 24th day of October 1882 N° 5,055 for the
purpose of obtaining alternating currents with or without commutation. Likewise
we employ any or all of these forms of our Invention as motors. We employ also
a motor driven by continuous currents having rocking armature shaped like a
segment of a cylinder and capable of moving on a plane. The plane is constructed
with a series of electro magnets which come successively into play and by cominu.
tation the armature is made to rock to and fro. We utilize the rocking motion
by employing it through a connecting rod to drive a crank or throw pin or other
suitable mechanical contrivance to give motion to a fly wheel and shafting which
likewise may be made to drive the commutator. By inversion we employ this form
also to convert motion into current in which case the moving segnient takes the
part of the field magnet and the stationary coils that of the armatures from which
the current is derived. It is also obvious that the electro magnets can be fixed on a
circular plane the direction of the poles being radial or nearly so, and the armature-
in the form of a roller moving freely against the poles.
"
Having thus far described the nature of our Invention, we will now proceed to
further and particularly describe same by reference to the accompanying drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig 1 is sectional elevation of the fixed cylindrical magnetic core shewn by S S
which is attached to the fixed shaft Battached to the frame of the machine A A A A
and conduct the magnetism from the field magnets N N forming a magnetizing,
annulus more clearly shewn in sectional plan Fig 2 in which the cylindrical cage
made of bar conductors placed parallel to each other and to the axis of the
magnetizing cylinders is made to rotate. This cage is shewn isometrically in
Fig 3. The number of rotary terminals however corresponding with the bar
conductors. Only a certain number are shewn in the drawings..
Fig 4 represents the mode of coupling the bars of the cage (Fig 3) in series.
Two bars are only shewn for clearness the arrows ind cating the direction of
current d d and d¹ d' represent the connecting disco rings or rotating terminals
by which and through the contact rubbers or springs shown in Figs 4 and 5 the
external system of leads connect the bars of the cage (Fig 3) in continuous series
and at the same time causes the current flowing through each of the bars of the
cage to pass in the same directions shown in Fig 4.
The magnetic cores N N shewn in Figs 1 and 2 are wrapped with insulated
wire II 11 and the frame A A A A serves to connect the magnetism developed
by these poles to the fixed shaft B and internal cylinder S S by which a magnetic
annulus is obtained for producing the field in which the cage (Figs 3 and 4) can
rotate freely
O Fig 1 represents the driving pulley attached to the sleeve E and through the
framing of the cage is attached to the lower sleeve E¹ These sleeves E E¹ carry
the separate insulated discs forming the rotary system of connections shewn in
Figs 4 and 5 by d and d'. When motion is given to the cage the bars of the
cage move across the magnetic field between N and S and cut the magnetic rays
at right angles. This cutting of the rays in a uniformly magnetizing field
generating a continuous current in the bars of the cage armature which How in
one direction only whereby we obtain a constant current machine in which no

page_text: commutators are employed but in place of which the rotating discs or terminals
enable each bar of the cage to be coupled in series for the accumulating of
potentials.
Fig 6 shews by sectional elevation the method by which we magnetize steel
wire for constructing permanent magnets when such are used in place of electro
magnets for exciting the field.
The coil c of steel wire is unwound and passes through a reverberatory furnace
or hearth shewn in drawing as a tube t heated by the flame f. b is an oil bath
through which the wire c passes under roller and thence through the oil trough
which is of sufficient, length and heated at its further extremity e serves to temper
the hardened wire c. The graduation from hardened to tempered wire taking
place within the helix as the position of the helix on the trough is adjusted so
that the magnetizing or focal area acts upon the wire at the point where it
changes from the hardened to the tempered state. There may be two helices in
place of one as shewn one at the point where the wire enters the bath b and the
other where the wire is tempered. Or a system of helices may be employed.
Figs 7 and 8 are diagrams showing the arrangements and position of coils for
producing a continuous current by axial and orbitular movement N N represents
a stationary pole of the electro magnet around which the helix hh move in the
direction of the arrows Fig 8 rotation being given at the same time to the
helix hh shewn by arrows Fig 7.
Fig 7 shewing the axial direction of rotation and Fig 8 the orbitular motion.
The direction of rotation may be reversed.
The ends of the helix h h¹ are brought to rotary terminals from which contact
springs carry off the current.
Fig 9 shows a motor to be driven by continuous currents having a rocking
armature a shaped like a segment of a cylinder capable of moving on a plane
formed by electro magnets 1 to 5, which come successively into play by a
commutator mounted on axis or crank and shaft.
This commutator has twice the number of segments to that of the coils on the
attracting plane shown in drawing 1 to 5. These sections are joined across in the
manner shewn in Fig 10 and ensures the reversal of the movement when the
segment has arrive at each end of the stroke. It is obvious that any number
of magnets may be employed.
Beginning at 1 it successively brings into play 2. 3. 4. and 5 and when at 5
then 4. 3. 2. and 1 come successively into play thus a continuous rocking motion
of the arinature a is maintained and by means of the link b acting on the
throw pin c to give the continuous rotation to the fly wheel F and likewise the
commutator.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature and object of our
invention we hereby declare that we claim
1 The construction of a continuous curient dynamo electric machine substantially
as described and shown in Fig's 1 to 5 or any mere modification thereof.
2 The cylindrical cage made of bars placed parallel to each other and to the
axis of magnetized cylinders in so far as the same be employed with rotary
terminals in place of commutators whereby a continuous current is obtained
substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth and described
3 The use of rotary terminals for coupling the bars of the cage armature in
series for the accumulation of the potential of the currents developed in each bar
whether the cage be of the form shown or equivalent or other arrangements be
employed substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
4 The means and appliances for magnetizing wire or rods substantially as
shown and described in Fig 6 or any mere modification thereof.
5 The employment of an axial and orbitular movement for producing continuous
current substantially as described and illustrated by Fig's 7 and 8 or any mere
modification thereof.

page_text: 6 The motor as shown in Fig 9 driven by rocking armature substantially as
and for the purpose described or any mere modification thereof.
7 And generally we claim the said invention and the combination of the several
parts substantially as and for the purposes berein set forth and described and
illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
In Witness whereof I the said Frederick Henry Varley, for myself, and on
behalf of John Ronald Shearer, William Beale, and Robert Henry Padbury
have hereunto set my hand and seal this twentysixth day of March in the
year of our Lord One Thousand eight hundred and eighty four