IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY."
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Augustus Applegath, of Dartford, in the County of
Kent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY."
sealed the 21st May 1858, and dated the 24th February 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augustus Applegath at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th February 1856.
1, AUGUSTUS APPLEGATH, of Dartford, in the County of Keni, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MA-
CHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in printing machinery, and
such improvements are applicable to machines where the type or printing
surfaces are fixed on a cylinder, and where the paper is fed into the machines
in the form of sheets. Heretofore, in such classes of machines the printing
rollers have been of larger circumference than the length of the sheets of
paper to be printed thereby; by which arrangement comparatively few printing
rollers can be ranged round the cylinder carrying the type or printing surfaces.
My improvements consist in reducing the size of the printing cylinders or
rollers so that they may be less in circumference than the length of the sheets
of paper to be printed thereby; and sometimes two more feeding apparatus
are applied to each printing roller or cylinder. In this way the number of
printing rollers or cylinders working with a given diameter of cylinder, and
D37

page_text: consequently the number of impressions obtained from each revolution of the
type cylinder, may be increased. It is preferred that each of the printing
rollers or cylinders should be wholly covered with blanket or felt. When
working with such descriptions of printing machines I, in some cases, apply a
small roller or rollers with type or printing surfaces thereon, together with
proper inking apparatus, to each of the printing rollers or cylinders; in this
way I am enabled, while printing the main portion of the sheet by the large
type or printing cylinder as heretofore, to introduce, for instance, a heading in
a different color, or, in fact, any matter which it is desirable to introduce, and
this introduced matter may be changed without interfering with the form on
the large printing cylinder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Augustus Applegath in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th August 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTUS
APPLEGATH, of Dartford, in the County of Kent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Augustus Applegath, Her special licence that I, the said
Augustus Applegath, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Augustus Applegath, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Augustus Applegath, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Augustus Applegath, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in printing machinery, and
such improvements are applicable to machines where the type or printing
surfaces are fixed on a cylinder, and where the paper is fed into the machines
in the form of sheets. Herefore, in such classes of machines the printing
rollers have been of larger circumference than the length of the sheets of paper
to be printed thereby; by which arrangements, comparatively few printing
rollers can be ranged round the cylinder carrying tlie type or printing surfaces.
My improvements consist in reducing the size of the printing cylinders or
rollers, so that they may be less in circumference than the length of the sheets
of paper to be printed thereby; and sometimes two or more feeding apparatus
are applied to each printing roller or cylinder. In this way the number of
printing rollers or cylinders, working with a given diameter of cylinder, and
consequently the number of impressions obtained from each revolution of the
type cylinder, may be increased. It is preferred that each of the printing
rollers or cylinders should be wholly covered with blanket or felt. When
working with such descriptions of printing machines, I, in some cases, apply
a small roller or rollers with type or printing surfaces thereon, together with
proper inking apparatus, to each of the printing rollers or cylinders; in this
way I am enabled, while printing the main portion of the sheet by the large
type or printing cylinder as heretofore to introduce, for instance, a heading
in a different color, or, in fact, any matter which it is desirable to introduce,
and this introduced matter may be changed without interfering with the form
on the large printing cylinder.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Sheet I. Figure 1 is a side elevation of an improved printing machine
having ten feeders. Sheet II.-Figure 2 is an end view of the same; Figures
3 and 4, are side views of the feed drums ou a larger scale; Figure 5 is a
diagram of the printing and impressing cylinders of a machine to print 24,000
from one form; Figure 6 is a diagram for a machine with small auxiliary
printing rollers in combination with the usual impressing or paper rollers;
Figure 7 is a diagram shewing an easy way of attaching the printing cloth to
a small impressing roller. Figures 1 and 2.-The same letters of reference
apply to each Figure."

page_text: A is the framing; b, the central cylinder, having upon it the form either
composed in taper types, or made with stereotype plates, which I prefer, and
it also has a distributing surface. Care the paper or impressing rollers, of
which there are five, and they may be of 5 or 6 inches diameter, and clothed
all round with printing cloth, as in four-feeder flat machines; but they are
shewn here as of 25 inches circumference, and may be made as seen in Figure
7, the central or printing cylinder is supposed to be 75 inches in circumference,
and it is connected with the impressing rollers by toothed wheels. Dare the
feed drums, furnished with the usual laying-on boards, feed rollers, dropping
spindles, and sets of tapes; they are placed in pairs, each pair supplying sheets
of paper to one of the impressing rollers; and their construction is shewn to a
larger scale in Figures 3 and 4, in which a is the feed roller, and a* is the
dropping spindle with its two small pullies; and its action is governed by the
cams b in the usual manner, they having toothed wheels, which are driven by
the pinions c, which are one-fourth of the diameter of the cam wheels; the
feed drum is supposed to be one-half the diameter of the central cylinder. dis
a bar of iron, which carries small strips of copper or other metale, e, which serve
to guide the sheets of paper when the sets of endless tapes f.f, leave them to
return to the feed rollers a, after passing round the small rollersg,g, one of which
may be seen at one of the feed drums in Figure 2; these rollers have shallow
grooves to receive the strips of metal while the full parts of the rollers convey the
tapes. The pair of feed drums are connected by toothed wheels G, G, and
motion is given to the feed drums, which have small bevil wheels upon their
spindles by corresponding bevil wheels on the upright shafts H, H, which are
driven through the bevil wheels I, I, by the horizontal shaft K, which receives
its motion from a bevil wheel Lon the spindle of the ceutral cylinder B, seen
in Figure 2, and which is twice the diameter of the bevil wheels on the shaft
K. M is the ductor or reservoir of ink, made in the usual manner and con-
nected to part of the frame indicated by ; N are toothed bars fixed to the
ductor frame, and moveable in proper guides Z, inside the fixed frame; O are
pinions on a spindle which act in the teeth of the bars N, and serve to lower
the ductor and its part of the frame in order to supply it with-ink, when raised
into its normal position the moveable part of the frame is secured to the
fixed part by bolts or pins. P in Figure 1 are the inking rollers, in the usual
kind of bearings Q, Q, having set screws, and also coiled or other springs R, R.
The two lower inking rollers are suspended by springs in moveable or waving
carriages which act on hinges at S, and these carriages and their inking rollers
receive an end motion from the distributing surface, whose edges are indented
and act against small friction pullies in the inside of the waving carriages in

page_text: the manner formerly frequently used. Tis the usual vibrating roller which
occasionally takes ink from the ductor and gives it to one of the lower inking
rollers, motion may be given to the vibrating roller and to the ductor by any
of the usual means.
The course of the sheets of paper from the feed boards to the impressing
rollers and from them when printed to the taking off places is indicated by the
arrows; it is usual to assist the passage of the sheets by more rollers than are
here shewn at E, E, so as to deflect the tapes a little from the straight line,
especially when the distances from roller to roller is near the length of the
sheet of paper; but these auxiliary rollers and their tapes are so well known
and also being dependant upon the size of the paper to be printed, it is not
necessary to encumber the Drawings with them, but I add one remark from
actual experience, which is, that distance from the feeder to the impressing
roller is not detrimental to the arrival of the sheet at the proper point of time
if the main tapes rollers are driven. I have therefore placed the rollers.E, E,
ina line, and supposed them to be half the diameter of the feed drums, so that
upright shafts similar to those at H, H, and furnished with bevil wheels may
(in case of need) drive them if the tape rollers are provided with proper bevil
wheels. And as this machine, when going at the rate of motion daily used at
the "Times Office" will print 4000 sheets per hour, or about 66 sheets per
minute from each impressing roller; it may be convenient to divide the sheets
as they issue printed into two deliveries, which I effect in the manner shewn
in Figure 3. The sheets are brought by the usual tapes to the pair of small
rollers at.V the arms or levers W which carry two sinall rollers and sets of
endless tapes are hinged to the frame at W, and when they are in a horizon-
tal position, as seen in Figure 3, the sheet passes from V between the sets of
tapes, and is carried by them and delivered at X, but when the levers are
raised, as seen in one place in Figure 1, the sheet issues at V. Motion is
given to the levers W; thus, one of the feed drums has a pinion on the wheel
side one quarter of the diameter of the toothed wheel, into which it works..
the spindle of this wheel has upon it two small camsl, which occasionally raise
a pair of levers l, which are hinged at one end to the frame; the other ends of
the levers are connected by links, seen in Figure 3, to the levers W, which
they alternately raise or lower; the pair of rollers at X may be driven by a
tape or band from the nearest feed drum, and a small roller is shewn in Figure
3 to bend the endless tapes on W from a straight. line; the pair of small
rollers at V have shallow grooves, and have thin strips of metal which guide
the sheets between the sets of endless tapes on W., these rollers and their
guides are supported in any convenient manner. Z, Zare stages or:boards

page_text: upon which the men who lay on the sheets stand, and I prefer to make them
about six feet apart in order that the layer-on may be perfectly unconstrained
in his action. When it is desired that a machine of this kind, and having 5
impressing rollers, shall have the form touched by 3 inking rollers the circum-
ference of the central printing cylinder B should not be less than one hundred
inches to allow space for the additional inking rollers. And when the form is
"set up "in ordinary type the circumference of the central cylinder B should be
200 inches, which will permit 14 or 15 impressing rollers C to be arranged
around it, instead of 9 of the ordinary size, as in one of the "Times" machines.
Figure 5 is a diagram of a central printing cylinder B, having four impress-
ing rollers C around it, of five or six inches diameter, which allows just
sufficient space for the inking rollers P and the small iron tape rollers. The
'circumference of the central cylinder is supposed to be 50 inches, so that, when
driven at Times" rate, or 300,000 inches per hour,, the central cylinder
would make 6000 revolutions, and print four sheets at each, or 24,000
impressions per hour, and would require 4 feeders to each impressing roller,
which might be in two lines, 2 pair of feeders in each line, and placed on each
side of the machine, as in Figure 1. Figure 6 is a diagram, to show how
small auxiliary printing rollers may be arranged in combination with the
roller which receives the black inkimpression, so that the title of a newspaper,
or the heading of other matter may be printed in three colors. The circum-
ference of the central cylinder in this case. is supposed to be 60 inches, and the
impressing rollers 30 inches. Such a machine at "Times" rate would make
5000 revolutions, and might print at two places, as shown, or more, if only one
colour roller is required. The carriage A* which supports the auxiliary
printing rollers (which have toothed wheels working into the wheel of C), and
their apparatus for supplying the ink or colour, is hinged to the main frame of a
machine at A. c is one of two shapes or cams, which are fixed upon the
central cylinder B, and as it revolves, they act against the friction rollers d,
which causes the carriage A* to revolve a little upon its spindle.or hinge-A,
so as to press the auxiliary rollers e, e, against the sheet of paper upon the
impressing roller C, which may thus be printed in two colors just before
receiving the black impression from the form upon the central cylinder B.
On the opposite side of the diagram the friction roller d will be seen in contact
with the surface of the central cylinder, and the two auxiliary rollers are then
sufficiently removed from the impressing roller, so as not to print, but not so
as to draw the connecting wheels out of gear. !, h, are rollers, which carry
sets of endless tapes which press upon and smooth the sheet previous to its
receiving the impression. The inking rollers p, p, are always in contact with

page_text: the printing rollers e, e, and also with the netal distributing rollers k, which
should have a slight end motion communicated by any of the usual means.
T, the vibratingrollers; M, the ductors, the position and driving of which must
depend upon the kind of machine to which the auxiliary rollers are to beapplied.
Figure 7 is an end view of an impressing roller C having a recess cast on it
to contain a spindle a, which is furnished with a ratchet and pall, as usual,
but not shewn, and moves in bearings; at the ends of the roller C the spindle
has two studs d, which hold the curved plate c, one side of which is perforated
with numerous holes, to which both ends of the printing cloth are to be sewn
in the following manner:-The piate is removed from the studs and taken
out of the recess, the printing cloth is passed around the roller C and sewn to
the curved plate, as near the roller as possible; the plate and printing cloth are
then passed into the recess and refixed by the studs upon the spindle; the
printing cloth is then drawn tight by revolving the spindle by means of a
spanner. Bis part of a central cylinder; and f,, represents the space in the
form which makes the back margin or fold of the paper; the impressing
roller C is an aliquot part of the cylinder B, and being connected by toothed
wheels, the recess in one will always meet the space or back in the other; this
improved method of drawing both ends of the printing cloth by one action,
will prevent any gathering or thickening of the cloth at the beginning and end
of the impression, or immediately remedy it should it occur.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the exact details described, but what I claim is, the use in printing
machines where the type or printing surfaces are fixed on a cylinder, and
where the paper is fed into the machine in detached sheets,of printing rollers
smaller in circumference than the length of the sheets of paper which the
machine is calculated to print; I also claim theapplication of small auxiliary
printing rollers, as herein-described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Augustus Applegath, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL..
AUGS APPLEGATH. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Augustus Applegath, of Dartford, in the County of
Kent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY."
PROVISIONAL SPICIFICATION left by the said Augustus Applegath at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th February 1858.
I, AUGUSTUS APPLEGATH, of Dartford, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MA-
CHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in printing machinery, and
such improvements are applicable to machines where the type or printing
surfaces are fixed on a cylinder, and where the paper is fed into the machines
in the form of sheets. Heretofore, in such classes of machines the printing
rollers have been of larger. circumference than the length of the sheets of
paper to be printed thereby; by which arrangement comparatively few printing
rollers can be ranged round the cylinder carrying the type or printing surfaces.
My improvements consist in reducing the size of the printing cylinders or
rollers so that they may be less in circumference than the length of the sheets
paper to be printed thereby; and sometimes two or more feeding apparatus.
are applied to each printing roller or cylinder. In this way the number of
printing rollers or cylinders working with a given diameter of cylinder, and.
of

page_text: consequently the number of impressions obtained from each revolution of the
type cylinder, may be increased. It is preferred that each of the printing
rollers or cylinders should be wholly covered with blanket or felt. When
working with such descriptions of printing machines I, in some cases, apply a
small roller or rollers with. type or printing surfaces thereon, together with
proper inking apparatus, to each of the printing rollers or cylinders; in this
way I am enabled, while printing the main portion of the sheet by the large
type or printing cylinder as heretofore, to introduce, for instance, a heading in
a different color, or, in fact, any, matter which it is desirable to introduce, and
this introduced matter may be changed without interfering with the form on
the large printing cylinder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions.of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Augustus Applegath in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th August 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME; I, AUGUSTUS
APPLEGATH, of. Dartford, in the County of, Kent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent,, bearing, date the Twenty-fourth day of February; in the year of our
Lord One thousand-eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant.unto
me, the said Augustus Applegath, Her special licence that I, the said
Augustus Applegath, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Augustus Applegath, my executors, administrators; and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no otliers, from time to time
and at all times thereafter: during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom,
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,, an
Invention for "MPROVEMENTS IN. PRINTING MACHINERY," upon the condition;
(amongst others) that I, the said. Augustus. Applegath, my executors, or,
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the.
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same. to be filed in the. Great Seal: Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that: I, the said Augustus Applegath, do,hereby declare,
the nature of the said Invention,, and. in what manner: the same, is to. be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in printing machiney, and
such improvements are applicable to machines where the type or printing
surfaces are fixed on a cylinder, and where the paper is fed into the machines
in, the form of sheets. Herefore, in such classes of machines the printing
rollers have been of larger circumference than the length of the sheets of paper
to be printed thereby; by which arrangements, comparatively few printing
rollers can be ranged round the cylindercarrying the type or printing surfaces.
My improvements consist in reducing the size of the printing cylinders or
rollers, so that they may be less in circumference than the length of the sheets
of paper to be printed thereby ; and sometimes two or more feeding apparatus
are applied to each printing roller or cylinder. In this way the number of
printing rollers or cylinders, working with a given diameter of cylinder, and
consequently the number of impressions obtained from each revolution of the
type cylinder, may be increased. It is preferred that each of the printing
rollers or cylinders should be wholly covered with blanket or felt.
working with such descriptions of printing machines, I, in some cases, apply
a small roller or rollers with type or printing surfaces thereon, together with
proper inking apparatus, to each of the printing rollers or cylinders; in this
way I am enabled, while printing the main portion of the sheet by the large
type or printing cylinder as heretofore to introduce, for instance, a heading
iu a different color, or, in fact, any matter which it is desirable to introduce,
and this introduced matter may be changed without interfering with the form
on the large printing cylinder.
When
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Sheet Figure 1 is a side elevation of an improved printing machine
having ten feeders. Sheet II.-Figure 2 is an end view of the same; Figures
3 and 4, are side views of the feed drums on a larger scale; Figure 5 is a
diagram of the printing and impressing cylinders of a machine to print 24,000
from one form; Figure 6 is a diagram for a machine with small auxiliary
printing rollers in combination with the usual impressing or paper rollers;
Figure 7 is a diagram shewing an easy way of attaching the printing cloth to
a small impressing roller. Figures 1 and 2.-The same letters of reference

page_text: A is the framing; B, the central cylinder, having upon it the form either
composed in taper types, or made with stereotype plates, which I prefer, and
it also has a distributing surface. C are the paper or impressing rollers, of
which there are five, and they may be of 5 or 6 inches diameter, and clothed
all round with printing cloth, as in four-feeder flat machines; but they are
shewn here as of 25 inches circumference, and may be made as seen in Figure
7, the central or printing cylinder is supposed to be 75 inches in circumference,
and it is connected with the impressing rollers by toothed wheels. Dare the
feed drums, furnished with the usual laying-on boards, feed rollers, dropping
spindles, and sets of tapes; they are placed in pairs, each pair supplying sheets
of paper to one of the impressing rollers; and their construction is shewn to a
larger scale in Figures 3 and 4, in which a is the feed roller, and a is the
dropping spindle with its two small pullies; and its action is governed by the
cams 6 in the usual manner, they having toothed wheels, which are driven by
the pinions c, which are one-fourth of the diameter of the cam wheels; the
feed drum is supposed to be one-half the diameter of the central cylinder. dis
a bar of iron, which carries small strips of copper or other metal e, e, which serve
to guide the sheets of paper when the sets of endless tapes f, f, leave them to
return to the feed rollers a,after passing round the small rollers g, g, one of which
may be seen at one of the feed drums in Figure 2; these rollers have shallow
grooves to receive the strips of metal while the full parts of the rollers convey the
tapes ff. The pair of feed drums are connected by toothed wheels G, G, and
motion is given to the feed drums, which have small bevil wheels upon their
spindles by corresponding bevil wheels on the upright shafts H, H, which are
driven through the bevil wheels I, I, by the horizontal shaft K, which receives
its motion from a bevil wheel L. on the spindle of the central cylinder B, scen
in Figure 2, and which is twice the diameter of the bevil wheels on the shaft
K. M is the ductor or reservoir of ink, made in the usual manner and con-
nected to part of the frame indicated by ; N are toothed bars fixed to the
ductor frame, and moveable in proper guides Z, inside the fixed frame; O are
pinions on a spindle-which-act in the teeth of the bars N, and serve to lower
the ductor and its part of the frame in order to supply it with ink, when raised
into its normal position the moveable part of the frame is secured to the
fixed part by bolts or pins. P in Figure 1 are the inking rollers, in the usual
kind of bearings Q, Q, having set screws, and also coiled or other springs R, R.
The two lower inking rollers are suspended by springs in moveable or waving
carriages which act on hinges at S, and these carriages and their inking rollers
receive an end motion from the distributing surface, whose edges are indented
and act against small friction pullies in the inside of the waving carriages. in

page_text: the manner formerly frequently used. T is the usual vibrating roller which
occasionally takes ink from the ductor and gives it to one of the lower inking
rollers, motion may be given to the vibrating roller and to the ductor by any
of the usual means.
The course of the sheets of paper from the feed boards to the impressing
rollers and from them when printed to the taking off places is indicated by the
arrows; it is usual to assist the passage of the sheets by more rollers than are
here shewn at E, E, so as to deflect the tapes a little from the straight line,
especially when the distances from roller to roller is near the length of the
sheet of paper; but these auxiliary rollers and their tapes are so well known
and also being dependant upon the size of the paper to be printed, it is not
necessary to encumber the Drawings with them, but I add one remark from
actual experience, which is, that distance from the feeder to the impressing
roller is not detrimental to the arrival of the sheet at the proper point of time
if the main tapes rollers are driven. I have therefore placed the rollers E, E,
in a line, and supposed them to be half the diameter of the feed drums, so that
upright shafts similar to those at H, H, and furnished with bevil wheels may
(in case of need) drive them if the tape rollers are provided with proper bevil
wheels. And as this machine, when going at the rate of motion daily used at
the "Times Office" will print 4000 sheets per hour, or about 66 sheets per
minute from each impressing roller; it may be convenient to divide thesheets
as they issue printed into two deliveries, which I effect in the manner shewn
in Figure 3. The sheets are brought by the usual tapes to the pair of small
rollers at V; the arms or levers W which carry two small rollers and sets of
endless tapes are hinged to the frame at W*, and when they are in a horizon.
tal position, as seen in Figure 3, the sheet passes from V between the sets of
tapes, and is carried by them and delivered at X, but when the levers are
raised, as seen in one place in Figure 1, the sheet issues at V. Motion is
given to the levers W; thus, one of the feed drums has a pinion on the wheel
side one quarter of the diameter of the toothed wheeli,, into which it works;
thespindle of this wheel has upon it two small cams l, which occasionally raise
a pair of levers ., which are hinged at one end to the frame; the other ends of
the levers are connected by links, seen in Figure 3, to the levers W, which
they alternately raise or lower; the pair of rollers at X may be driven by.a
tape or band from. the nearest feed drum, and a small roller is shewn in Figure
3 to bend the endless tapes on W from a straight line; the pair of small
rollers at V have shallow grooves, and have thin strips of metal which guide
the sheets between the sets of endless tapes on. W, these rollers and their
guides are supported in any convenient manner. Z, Z, are stages or boards

page_text: upon which the men who lay on the sheets stand, and I prefer to make them
about six feet apart in order that the layer-on may be perfectly unconstrained
in his action. When it is desired that a machine of this kind, and having 5
impressing rollers, shall have the form touched by 3 inking rollers the circum-
ference of the central printing cylinder B should not be less than one hundred
inches' to allow space for the additional inking rollers. And when the form is
"set up "in ordinary type the circumference of the central cylinder B should be
200 inches, which will permit 14 or 15 impressing rollers C to be arranged
around it, instead of 9 of the ordinary size, as in one of the "Times." machines
Figure 5 is a diagram of a central printing cylinder B, having four impress-
ing rollers C around it, of five or six inches diameter, which allows just
.sufficient space for the inking rollers P and the small iron tape rollers. The
circumference of the central cylinder is supposed to be 50 inches, so that, when
driven at "Times" rate, or 300,000 inches per hour, the central cylinder
.would make 6000 revolutions, and print four sheets at each, or 24,000
impressions per hour, and would require 4 feeders to each impressing roller,
which might be in two lines, 2 pair of feeders in each line, and placed on each
side of the machine, as in Figure 1. Figure 6 is a diagram, to show how
.small: auxiliary printing rollers may be arranged in combination with the
roller which receives the black ink impression, so that the title of a newspaper,
or the heading of other matter may be printed in three colors. The circum-
ference of the central cylinder in this case is supposed to be 60 inches, and the
.impressing rollers 30 inches. Such a machine at "Times" rate would make
5000 revolutions, and might printat two places, as shown, or more, if only one
-colour roller is required. The carriage A* which supports the auxiliary
printing rollers (which have toothed wheels working.into the wheel of C), and
their apparatus for supplying the ink or colour, is hinged to the main frame of a
machine at A. c is one of two shapes or cams, which are fixed upon the
central cylinder B, and as. it revolves, they act against the friction rollers.d,
which causes the carriage A* to revolve a little upon its spindle or hinge A,
so as to press the auxiliary rollers e, e, against the sheet of paper upon the
.impressing roller C₁. which may thus be printed in two colors just before
receiving the black impression from the form upon the central cylinder B.
On the opposite side of the diagram the friction roller d will be seen in contact
with the surface of the central cylinder, and the two auxiliary rollers are then
sufficiently removed from the impressing roller, so as not to print, but not so
as to draw the connecting wheels out of gear. h, h, are rollers, which carry
sets of endless tapes which press upon and smooth the sheet previous to its
receiving the impression. The inking rollers p, p, are always in contact with

page_text: the printing rollers e, e, and also with the metal distributing rollers k, which
should have a slight end motion communicated by any of the usual means.
T, the vibrating rollers; M, the ductors, the position and driving of which must
depend upon the kind of machine to which the auxiliary rollers are to be applied.
Figure 7 is an end view of an impressing roller C having a recess cast on it
to contain a spindle a, which is furnished with a ratchet and pall, as usual,
but not shewn, and moves in bearings; at the ends of the roller C the spindle
has two studs d, which hold the curved plate c, one side of which is perforated
with numerous holes, to which both ends of the printing cloth are to be sewn
in the following manner:-The plate c is removed from the studs and taken
out of the recess, the printing cloth is passed around the roller C and sewn to
the curved plate, as near the roller as possible; the plate and printing cloth are
then passed into the recess and refixed by the studs upon the spindle; the
printing cloth is then drawn tight by revolving the spindle by means of a
spanner.
B is part of a central cylinder; and f, f, represents the space in the
form which makes the back margin or fold of the paper; the impressing
roller C is an aliquot part of the cylinder B, and being connected by toothed
wheels, the recess in one will always meet the space or back in the other; this
improved method of drawing both ends of the printing cloth by one action,
will prevent any gathering or thickening of the clothat the beginning and end
of the impression, or immediately remedy it should it occur.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the exact details described, but what I claim is, the use in printing
machines where the type or printing surfaces are fixed on a cylinder, and
where the paper is fed into the machine in detached sheets, of printing rollers
smaller in circumference than the length of the sheets of paper which the
machine is calculated to print; I also claim the application of small auxiliary
printing rollers, as herein-described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Augustus Applegath, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
AUGS APPLEGATH. (L.S.)