IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Clapham, of Leeds, in the County of York, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS."
Sealed the 27th September 1878, and dated the 20th July 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Clapham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1878.
JOHN CLAPHAM, of Leeds, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS."
My improvements prevent waste and breakage during the operation of drawing
and twisting yarns, such yarns being composed of cotton, woollen, silk, linen, or
other fibrous substances.
By this Invention the ordinary twisting mule is dispensed with, the process of
drawing and twisting being performed on one mule.
According to my system a thread that has previously been spun is conducted
between pressing and delivery roller nearest the spindles, the spun thread being
supplied from what is known as a "copping" or other convenient source, and is
twisted together with the drawn and unspun condenser thread or "sliver." By this
means the drawn condenser thread or "sliver " is much strengthened, and the breakage
which takes place on ordinary mules and spinning frames is entirely prevented.
In some cases I supply or provide two or more threads between the delivery
rollers in combination with the condenser thread or "sliver," and whilst the con-.
denser thread or "sliver" is being drawn the spun threads are twisted round it and
with it. By this means as strong a yarn is produced, and as many varieties of color
and pattern can be manufactured by varying the colors of the condenser and other
threads, as by ordinary means.
Suitable guides are provided for the spun threads in order to separate them and
keep them in their proper position for. twisting round the condenser thread or
" sliver."
The delivery rollers for some kinds of material are provided with grooves round.
the periphery for receiving and guiding the spun thread or threads prior to being
twisted in the manner herein-before mentioned.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Clapham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
January 1879.
JOHN CLAPHAM, of Leeds, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS."
My improvements prevent waste and breakage during the operation of drawing
and twisting yarns, such yarns being composed of cotton, woollen, silk, linen, or
other fibrous substances.
By this Invention the ordinary twisting mule is dispensed with, the process of
drawing and twisting being performed on one mule.
According to my system a thread that has previously been spun is conducted
between pressing and delivery roller nearest the spindles, the spun thread being
supplied from what is known as a "copping" or other convenient source, and is
twisted together with the drawn and unspun condenser thread or "sliver." By this
means the drawn condenser thread or sliver is much strengthened, and the breakage
which takes place on ordinary mules and spinning frames is entirely prevented.
In some cases I supply or provide two or more threads between the delivery
rollers in combination with the condenser thread or sliver," and whilst the con-.
dénser thread or "sliver" is being drawn the spun threads are twisted round it and
with it. By this means as strong a yarn is produced and as many varieties of
colour and pattern can be manufactured by varying the colours of the condenser
and other threads as by ordinary means.
"
Suitable guides are provided for the spun threads in order to separate them and
keep them in their proper position for twisting round the condenser thread or
" sliver."
The delivery rollers are provided with grooves round the periphery for receiving
and guiding the spun thread or threads prior to being twisted in the manner herein-
before mentioned.
And in order that my Invention may be more completely understood reference
is given to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and marks thereon.
Figs. 1, 2, and 3 represent respectively an end elevation, a part side elevation,
and plan looking at the top of portion of a mule with my improvements applied
thereto.
Fig. 4 shews a much magnified view of yarn in course of construction.
Fig. 5 is a detail of my improvements.
And, Fig. 6 is a modification in the application of such improvements.
a represents the back part of the framework of a mule; b, the condenser bobbin ;
c, the cylinder on which the condenser bobbin rests, all of which are of ordinary
construction.
.
I supply threads from the bobbins d and d', either arranged together as shewn at
Fig. 1, or as shewn at d and d¹, Fig. 6.
In Fig. 6 bobbins & may be mounted on any convenient rail attached to the
machine or any other convenient place. The fluted delivery rollers are shewn at e,
and over them the pressing rollers f, each of which is grooved, as shewn at 9 and g',
for the purpose of guiding and allowing the small spun threads h to travel at any
required speed independently of that of the condenser thread i, which thread is
taken from the condenser bobbin b between the delivery roller e and pressing
roller f
After passing between the rollers e and f a twisting operation takes place, such
twisting operation being performed, by the means usually provided on mules or
spinning frames. The travelling carriage of the mule and parts connected therewith

page_text: for giving the desired twist are not shewn, their construction being well understood
and known by all practical persons in the trade.
I find in practice that it is necessary in all cases to employ the grooves g and gl
in the delivery rollers e and pressing rollers f, so as to allow the small spun threads h
to travel at any required speed independently of that of the condenser thread i,
thereby permitting the spun threads h (these being travelled at a much higher
speed) to steal or draw off the fibres from the condenser thread separately, as shewn
at j and k, Fig. 4. These threads being charged with fibres are carried along in
front of the delivery rollers e in the direction shewn by arrow l, and are twisted
together as shewn at m, and afterwards become intermixed and twisted
round and with the fibres of the condenser thread i, and become so blended together
that the small spun threads h are so enveloped in the condenser thread fibres that
they are quite imperceptible.
I employ the guide rollers n and o, as shown at Fig. 1 or Fig. 6, for conducting
spun threads to the delivery rollers e.
It will be obvious by this mode of manufacturing the yarn that condenser threads
having the shortest of fibres may be employed with very little waste or breakage
during the operation of drawing and twisting.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and described by the
aid of Drawings how the same may be carried into practice, I would have it under-
stood that I do not limit myself to the exact limits, details, or configuration of the
parts I have expressed and shewn, as the same may be varied or modified without
departing from the nature of the said Invention, but what I claim and desire to be
secured to me by Letters Patent is,--
First. The arrangement and application of grooves g and g' in fluted delivery
rollers and pressing rollers f, for the purpose of allowing the spun threads to
travel at any required speed independently of that of the condenser thread i,
substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
Second. The arrangement of the various parts for supplying the thread h to the
delivery rollers e and f, in combination with the means employed for twisting and
blending them together, substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Clapham, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
TATTY
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