IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING OR HOISTING MACHINERY
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Thomas Powell, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Mechanical Draughtsman, and Thomas Joseph Granger, of
Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Mechanical Draughtsman, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING OR HOISTING MACHINERY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Thomas Powell and
Thomas Joseph Granger at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
30th January 1880.
CHARLES THOMAS POWELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Mechanical Draughtsman, and THOMAS JOSEPH GRANGER, of Handsworth, in the
County of Stafford, Mechanical Draughtsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING OR
HOISTING MACHINERY."
Our Invention consists of the construction and arrangement of the parts of
lifting or hoisting machinery herein after described, whereby a powerful and
efficient lift or hoist is produced.
In constructing lifting or hoisting machinery according to our Invention we
proceed as follows:-On the bed plate or frame of the machine we mount a tubular
ring, having teeth in its interior. The said tubular toothed ring is situated in a
vertical plane and constitutes a fixed hollow toothed wheel. In the axis of this
hollow toothed wheel the shaft or axle by which the machine is worked is situated.
This axle may be turned by hand by means of a winch, or otherwise rotated.
Upon this axle the drum by which the suspending chain is wound up is situated, the
said drum turning freely upon the said axle. The said axle is capable of a limited
sliding motion in its bearings, and may be fixed in one or other of two positions
by a pin passing through one of its bearings, taking into one of two grooves in the
axle; this pin does not interfere with the rotatory motion of the axle. Upon the
axle are two similar pinions, and a square or angular part of the axle may by
sliding the said axle home in one or other direction be made to engage in the
square or angular hole in the axis of one or other of these pinions. By sliding the
axle into an intermediate position it may be disengaged from both pinions. When
the axle is drawn out it engages in and turns the front pinion. This front pinion
gears with a toothed wheel situated between it and the fixed hollow toothed wheel.
The bearing in which the toothed wheel rotates is carried by an arm or bracket
.
31

page_text: rigidly fixed to the back pinion. When the axle is turned by its winch or
otherwise the front pinion causes the toothed wheel to roll round the hollow
toothed wheel, carrying with it its supporting bracket, and giving through the
said bracket a slow rotation to the back pinion. The back pinion takes into a
second or rear toothed wheel between it and the fixed hollow toothed wheel.
The second or rear toothed wheel works in bearings carried by an arm or
bracket fixed on the end of the winding drum. The rotation of the axle
is transmitted through the front pinion, the first named toothed wheel, the
bracket by which the said toothed wheel is carried, the back pinion, to which the
said bracket is fixed, the back toothed wheel with which the back pinion gears
and through the bracket, carrying the said back toothed wheel to the winding
drum to which the said bracket is fixed; there is thus communicated a very slow
rotatory motion to the winding drum. When it is wished to give a less slow
motion to the winding drum the axle is pushed inwards when it engages in the
back pinion, and its motion is transmitted from the said back pinion through the
back toothed wheel and its bracket to the winding drum. The front pinion and
the first toothed wheel with which it gears take no part in this case in the motion
of the winding drum.
Instead of one hollow toothed wheel two of the said hollow toothed wheels may
be employed, one fixed to the framing of the machine and the other to the winding
drum. The bracket carried by the winding axle carries in this case a compound
pinion consisting of two pinions, having a different number of teeth. One of these
pinions gears with the fixed hollow toothed wheel, and the other with the rotating
toothed wheel fixed to the winding drum. By turning the driving axle the rolling
of the compound pinion within the two hollow toothed wheels causes the moveable
one to advance slowly, and with it the winding drum.
The winding drum cannot run down when the compound pinion is in one piece
or its two parts fixed together. By making the two pinions separate but capable
by screwing, or otherwise of being fixed together or liberated from one another, the
winding drum is made capable of running down or not running down according
as the pinions are loose or fixed together.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent med by
the said Charles Thomas Powell and Thomas Joseph Granger in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 28th July 1880.
CHARLES THOMAS POWELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Mechanical Draughtsman, and THOMAS JOSEPH GRANGER, of Handsworth, in the
County of Stafford, Mechanical Draughtsman. IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING OR
HOISTING MACHINERY."
"
Our Invention consists of the construction and arrangement of the parts of lifting
or hoisting machinery herein after described, whereby a powerful and efficient lift
or hoist
produced.
In constructing lifting or hoisting machinery according to our Invention we
proceed as follows:-
On the bed plate or frame of the machine we mount a tubular ring, having teeth
in its interior. The said tubular toothed ring is situated in a vertical plane and
constitutes a fixed hollow toothed wheel. In the axis of this hollow toothed wheel
the shaft or axle by which the machine is worked is situated; this axle may be
turned by hand or by means of a winch or otherwise rotated. Upon this axle the
drum by which the suspending chain is wound up is situated, the said drum
turning freely upon the said axle. The said axle is capable of a limited sliding
motion in its bearings, and may be fixed in one or other of two positions by a pin
passing through one of its bearings, taking into one of two grooves in the axle.
This pin does not interfere with the rotary motion of the axle. Upon the axle
are two similar pinions, and a square or angular part of the axle may by sliding
the said axle home in one or other direction be made to engage in the square or
angular hole in the axis of one or other of these pinions. By sliding the axle into
an intermediate position it may be disengaged from both pinions. When the axle
is drawn out it engages in and turns the front pinion; this front pinion gears with
a toothed wheel situated between it and the fixed hollow toothed wheel. The
bearing in which the toothed wheel rotates is carried by an arm or bracket rigidly
fixed to the back pinion. When the axle is turned by its winch or otherwise the
front pinion causes the toothed wheel to roll round the hollow toothed wheel
carrying with it its supporting bracket, and giving through the said bracket a slow
rotation to the back pinion. The back pinion takes into a second or rear toothed
wheel between it and the fixed hollow toothed wheel. The second or rear toothed
wheel works in bearings carried by an arm or bracket fixed on the end of the
winding drum. The rotation of the axle is transmitted through the front pinion,
the first named toothed wheel, the bracket by which the said toothed wheel is
carried, the back pinion to which the said bracket is fixed, the back toothed wheel
with which the back pinion gears, and through the bracket, carrying the said back
toothed wheel to the winding drum to which the said bracket is fixed. There is
thus communicated a very slow rotary motion to the winding drum.
When it is wished to give a less slow motion to the winding drum the axle is
pushed inwards, when it engages in the back pinion and its motion is transmitted
from the said back pinion through the back toothed wheel and its bracket to the
winding drum. The front pinion and the first toothed wheel with which it gears
take no part in this case in the motion of the winding drum.
Instead of one hollow toothed wheel two of the said hollow toothed wheels may
be employed, one fixed to the framing of the machine and the other to the winding
drum. The bracket carried by the winding axle carries in this case a compound
pinion, consisting of two pinions having a different number of teeth. One of these
pinions gears with the fixed hollow toothed wheel, and the other with the rotating
toothed wheel fixed to the winding drum. By turning the driving axle the rolling
of the compound pinion within the two hollow toothed wheels causes the moveable
one to advance slowly, and with it the winding drum.

page_text: The winding drum cannot run down when the compound pinion is in one piece
or its two parts fixed together. By making the two pinions separate, but capable
by screwing or otherwise of being fixed together or liberated from one and another,
the winding drum is made capable of running down or not running down according
as the pinions are loose or fixed together.
And in order that this our said Invention may be readily understood we will
now proceed to describe the same in reference to the annexed Drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 (Sheet 1) is a sectional elevation, and Fig. 2 an end elevation of a hoisting
machine, Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, being details of the same. In this particular machine,
A, Figs. 1 and 2, is a hollow internal toothed wheel, which serves the purpose of
not only being a toothed wheel but carries also a bearing A¹ at its axis for central
shaft G, and at the same time constituting in itself the fixed side or end of the
machine. A forms the other end or frame of the machine, being connected to A
by means of stay rods As in the usual manner. Upon the axle or shaft G at each
end are secured the handles or other means of communicating motion to the
machine; also on the said shaft G at G¹ is situated a square or angular part or
projection, which is made to fit into a corresponding recess or angular part of
pinions B and D, Figs. 1, 3, and 6, and thereby communicate motion to the said
pinions when desired. There is however an intermediate position where there is
no angular part or recess in the pinions B and D, and where consequently there
would be no communication from the shaft to the said pinions. Further, there is
also upon the said shaft G grooves G³, which by means of pin H keep the shaft in
either of three positions in relation to the pinions B and D. Other suitable catch
may be used to effect this purpose.
Upon shaft G is mounted drum F, Figs. 1, 4, and 5, to receive chain, or rope, or
other means of hoisting. Attached to said drum is arm or bracket F¹, which is
made to receive and carry wheel E, which wheel gears respectively into hollow
internal toothed wheel A and into pinion D. Upon pinion D (which has recess
or angular part before mentioned in it) is situated arm or bracket D', see Figs. 1,
6, and 7, which carries wheel C, which again gears into hollow internal toothed
wheel A and into pinion B; the said arm or bracket also forming in itself the brake
wheel. Upon the pinion B is secured ratchet wheel.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The rotation of the axle is transmitted
through the front pinion B to the toothed wheel C, which then rolls around internal
toothed wheel A, carrying with it the arm D¹, thus cominunicating motion to the
pinion D, which again gears into toothed wheel E, which again rolls around A,
and thus communicating a slow but powerful motion to the arm F¹, thence to the
drum F. Although internal toothed wheel is shewn as being cast in one piece, and
having a common pitch of tooth or diameter it does not necessarily follow that this
should be the case, as the pitch of tooth or the diameter may be varied and the
wheel A in more than one piece. Further, frictional wheel may be substituted for
the toothed wheels.
When it is wished to give a less slow motion to the winding drum the axle is
pushed so as to engage with the back pinion D, and its motion is transmitted from
the said back pinion through the back toothed wheel E and its bracket to the
winding drum. The front pinion B and the first wheel C take no part in this case
in the motion of the winding drum, but are simply idle wheels.
Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 represent respectively sectional elevation, end elevation,
and details of a machine nearly similar to the last described.
Two hollow toothed wheels are here employed, the one J, Figs. 8 and 9, secured
to the frame of machine and thereby constituting a fixed wheel; the other, K,
being secured to the drum. L is handle or other motor shaft upon which is
secured arm or bracket M, Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11, the said arm carrying concentric
with and gearing into hollow toothed wheels a compound pinion N, O, Figs. 8

page_text: and 11, the pinion N gearing into fixed wheel J and pinion gearing into
wheel K. The pinion O is keyed or otherwise fixed to its spindle, while pinion N
is made to run loosely upon its spindle. Upon the same spindle is placed a bush
or frictional piece P, Figs. 8 and 11, or its equivalent, which is made to rotate in
harmony with pinion O by means of feather key or otherwise, and is further made
to cramp pinion N between itself and pinion O, and thereby constituting one whole
piece as regards motion by means of screw upon spindle and screw nut hand
wheel R, Figs. 8 and 11. The arm M is further made to afford means of attaching
handle.
.
The action of this machine is as follows:-By arranging a difference in the
number of teeth or diameter of wheels J and K, and making the number of teeth
or diameter of pinions N and O to correspond, then by rotating handle shaft L
and causing pinions N and O to roll around wheels J and K, J being a fixed wheel
would cause pinion O to travel at its pitch line a distance equal to its own circum-
ference at pitch line, while pinion N being so much larger or smaller, as may be
thought fit, would travel so much faster or slower, and thus give out its difference
upon wheel K, which slow motion would be communicated to drum.
By this arrangement of wheels the drum cannot unwind of itself, so long as the
compound pinions are firmly secured one to another by means of the screw or its
equivalent, and therefore it forms a self sustaining hoist; but upon releasing the
grip or contact of the two pinions the drum would then freely unwind itself,
which motion may be arrested at any moment by means of turning the screw hand
wheel.
Figs. 1, 2, and 3 (Sheet 2) represent another similarly constructed machine,
showing its application to a hoist fixed to a wall or elsewhere. In this case
externally toothed wheels are employed, and the arm or bracket B swings loosely
upon the central spindle or shaft of drum. The drum C being keyed to shaft, and
also the wheel D is keyed to the same shaft, while the wheel E is the fixed wheel
secured to the frame of the machine. The action of this machine is so similar to
that of the last nained as not to require further explanation.
Figs. 4, 5, and 6 represent another modification of these improvements as
applicable to the lifting of very heavy weights. In this case we employ a drum,
drum shaft, and wheel in the ordinary manner. The said drum wheel gears into
its pinion F which is mounted freely upon hollow spindle G, the said hollow spindle
being also carried by handle shaft H. Upon the said hollow spindle and on either
side of pinion F are situated frictional discs P and R, which may be variously
constructed with or without wooden blocks, grooves, or otherwise, but made to
come into contact with sides of pinion in order to transmit their motion to the said
pinion when required. Upon this said hollow spindle is situated also the screw
nut hand wheel R. for releasing or gripping the pinion F. Upon this said hollow
spindle also is carried the fixed wheel J, which is made to rotate freely upon the
said spindle, but which is kept stationary at will by means of a catch K or other
suitable means which is made to engage with or disengage itself with the said
wheel J; wheel L is keyed firmly to this hollow spindle. Upon bracket M, which
carries compound pinion N, there is also attached a suitable catch at O, by which
the wheel L may be made to rotate identically with arm or bracket M at pleasure
or independently of it, the reason or purpose of which we will explain hereafter.
Compound pinion may or may not in this case be made of one piece.
The action of this machine is as follows:-Upon the rotation of the handle shaft
the compound pinion (being carried with the same) rolls round the wheel J, which
is made not to revolve by means of catch K, at the same time the compound pinion
also gears into wheel L, which is allowed without interference with catch at O to
revolve slowly, due to the differential arrangement of teeth in the wheels, trans-
mitting the same slow motion through hollow spindle to pinion F which is made
to revolve with hollow spindle by means of frictional discs P and R, the said
pinion F transmitting its motion further to the drum wheel and thence to the
winding drum.

page_text: The lowering arrangement is controlled and effected by means of the screwed
nut hand wheel and frictional discs, in the same manner as before described for
Figs. 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 2.
By releasing wheel J and allowing it to revolve freely, and locking wheel L to
the arm or bracket M, a very quick motion is produced which may be useful for
many purposes.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which the
same may be constructed, we wish it to be understood that we do not limit
ourselves to the precise details herein described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of our
Invention, and we further wish it to be understood that we do not limit the
application of our Invention to crab winches, as such might be inferred from the
illustrations being made to only show its application thereto; but we claim as our
Invention of improvements in hoisting machinery,-
Firstly. The multiple arrangement of wheels working into one fixed internal
wheel, for the purpose and substantially as herein before described and illustrated
in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, Sheet 1, of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The combination of parts constituting the driving shaft with its
angular parts or projections in their relations to the pinions, as herein before
described and illustrated in Figs. 1, 3, and 6 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The arrangement of wheels wherein a compound pinion is made to
produce a slow motion, as herein described and illustrated in Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11,
Sheet 1, and Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, Sheet 2, of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The releasing or gripping together of the two pinions, thereby making
one compound pinion and thereby affording means of lowering, as herein before
described and illustrated in Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11, Sheet 1, and Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
and 6, Sheet 2.
Fifthly. The application of our Invention to cranes, crab winches, hoists, and
other lifting or similar purposes whether actuated by hand or power.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Thomas Powell, on behalf of myself
and the said Thomas Joseph Granger, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Twenty seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
TA
DAWATT
CHARLES THOMAS POWELL. (L.S.)