Improvements in Metal Sheets, in Securing or Fastening Sections of such Sheets together, and in Means therefor, the said Im
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 19th May, 1887
Complete Left, 18th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 29th Mar., 1888
Improvements in Metal Sheets, in Securing or Fastening Sections
of such Sheets together, and in Means therefor, the said
Improvements being Applicable to the Construction of
Buildings, Covered and other Vehicles, Close Fencing, and
other Purposes.
other Purposes.
We, WILLIAM ORR, Merchant, and PETER STUART BROWN, Manufacturer, both of
45 West Nile Street, Glasgow in the County of Lanark do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to provide simple and efficient means for securing
the sections or plates of sheet metal structures in position and to each other without
the necessity of overlapping the edges of the plates or sheets and employing bolts or
rivets passed through holes in the said overlapped edges as hitherto ordinarily practised.
In carrying out the invention say for roofing purposes the ends of the plates or sheets
which have heretofore been usually bolted or rivetted together are under one arrange-
ment bent downwards or upwards at a right or other angle to the plane of the sheet
the bent edges being butted against each other if desired."
Over the downwardly or upwardly projecting parts there is slipped a circular, oval
or other shaped tube which is of incomplete section that is to say the tube has a slot
from end to end through which the bent edges of two sheets are entered so as to
project into the interior of the tube.
When so entered the joint may be made tight by inserting wedges between the
edges of the sheets or the edges of the slot in the tube may be bent or curved inwards
to grip the sheets or other suitable means of making the joint tight may be adopted.
The fastening of the sheets is preferably in the direction of, from the ridge to the
eaves of the roof the fastening tubes being secured to the purline bars by bolts and
brackets or they may be carried in slots made in the bars for that purpose or
otherwise supported the tube in any case acting as a gutter to carry off moisture from
the roof.

page_text: Under a modification the fastener may be composed of a bar of double tee section
the roofing sheets being secured in position by inserting them between the upper and
under flanges or tables of the bar and then bending the lower and upper flanges or
tables respectively upwards and downwards so as to grip the sheets between them.
With this arrangement also the grip on the sheets may be increased by inserting
wedges between them and the downwardly projecting upper flanges of the bar, or the
double tee bar may have its flange or table at one side situated inside the tube herein-
before described the said flange being in length equal to the interior diameter of the
tube whilst the web of the bar projects outwards through the slot the fastening being
completed by bending or creasing the upper table or flange downwards on the
sheets.
Under another modification the tubular fastener may have a wing or flange pro-
jecting from each edge of the slot in which case the roofing sheet is secured in position
by passing the edge of it in between the outer circumference of the bulb part and the
surface or edge of the wing or flange and in addition to the said grip wedges may be
inserted between the sheet and the tubular or bulb part of the fastener.
With this form of fastener and also with the double tee form or with fasteners of
analogous construction the metal sheets employed in lieu of being plain or ordinary
corrugated flat sheets may be sheets constituting in transverse section an arc of a
circle one end of the arc being introduced under the wing or flange of the bulb or
tee fastener connected to one purline bar and the other end to the fastener connected
to the next bar. With this improved form of sheet in the act of tightening the
screws connecting the fasteners to the purline bars the arc is flattened causing the
longitudinal edges of the sheets to move laterally and so firmly grip on the fasteners.
At or near the ends of the sheets where two of them meet together in constructing
the roof a corrugation preferably extends across or partially across the sheet the
convex surface of the corrugation on one sheet fitting into the concave surface of
the corrugation on the next whereby a wind and rain tight joint is obtained.
The mode of fastening the metal sheets together as herein before described besides
being applicable to roofs is also applicable to the construction of walls of buildings
where these are made of sheet metal plates and it is equally applicable in the con-
struction of the body of close and open railway wagons and other vehicles where
such body is made of sheet metal and likewise in the formation of close fences and
for other like purposes.
Dated this lightaonth day of Man 1007

page_text: Improvements in Metal Sheets, in Securing or Fastening Sections
of such Sheets together, and in Means therefor, the said
Construction of
Improvements being Applicable to the
Buildings, Covered and other Vehicles, Close Fencing, and
other Purposes.
We, WILLIAM ORR, Merchant, and PETER STUART BROWN, Manufacturer, both of
45 West Nile Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention has for its object to provide simple and efficient means for securing
the sections or plates of sheet metal structures in position and to each other without
the necessity of overlapping the edges of the plates or sheets and employing bolts or
rivets passed through holes in the said overlapped edges as hitherto ordinarily
practised. In carrying out the Invention say for roofing purposes the ends of the
plates or sheets which have heretofore been usually bolted or rivetted together are
under one arrangement, illustrated in vertical section at figure 1 and in plan at
figure 2 of the accompanying drawings, bent downward at an angle to the body of
the sheet a.
Over the downwardly projecting parts b, there is slipped a circular, oval or other
shaped tube c which is of incomplete section that is to say, the tube has a slot from
end to end through which the bent edges of two sheets are entered so as to project
into the interior of the tube. When so entered the joint is or may be made tight by
inserting wedges d between the edges of the sheets or as seen at figure 3 the edges
of the slot in the tube c may be bent or curved inwards to grip the sheets or other
suitable means of making the joint tight may be adopted. The fastening of the
sheets is preferably in the direction of from the ridge to the caves of the roof the
fastening tubes c being secured to the purline bars f by brackets g and bolts or they
may be carried in slots made in the purline bars for that purpose or otherwise supported
the tube c in any case acting as a gutter to carry off moisture from the roof.
Under another modification illustrated at figure 4 of the drawings the fastener may
be composed of a bar of double tee section the roofing sheets a being secured in
position by inserting them between the upper and under flanges or tables c', c² of the
bar and then bending the lower and upper flanges or tables respectively upwards and
downwards so as to grip the sheets between them.
With this arrangement also the grip on the sheets may be increased by inserting
wedges between them and the downwardly projecting upper flanges c¹ of the bar, or
as seen at figure 5 the double tee bar may have its flange or table e situated inside a
tube c the said flange being in length equal to the interior diameter of the tube whilst
the web of the bar projects outwards through the slot the fastening being completed
by bending or creasing the upper table or flange c¹ downwards on the sheets.
Under another modification shewn at figure 6 the tubular fastener
may have a
wing or flange i projecting from each edge of the slot in which case the roofing sheet a
is secured in position by passing the edge of it in between the outer circumference of
the bulb part and the surface or edge of the wing or flange i and in addition to the
said grip wedges may be inserted between the sheet and the tubular or bulb part of

page_text: the fastener, or as seen in vertical section at figure 7 and in plan at figure 8 the sheets a
may be gripped between the edges of the wings i and a plate j bolted, rivetted or
otherwise secured to the fastener c. In cases where the distance from the ridge to
tho eaves of the roof is too great to permit of the convenient use of one length of
tubular fastener or otherwise where it is desired to join two lengths of the tubular
fastener together that may be done in the manner illustrated in vertical section at
figure 9 and in horizontal section at figure 10 of the annexed drawings that is to say
the end of one tube c is widened to permit of the end of the next tube being slipped
into it the edges of the sheets a, at the junction being gripped between the outer and
inner tubes.
The metal sheets employed in lieu of being plain or ordinary corrugated flat sheets
may as seen at figures 11 and 14 be sheets constituting in transverse section an arc
of a circle one end of the arc being held by a fastener connected to one purline bar
and the other end to the fastener connected to the next bar. With this improved
form of sheet in the act of connecting the fasteners to the purline bars the arc is
flattened causing the longitudinal edges of the sheets to move laterally and so firmly
grip on the fasteners. At or near the ends of the sheets where two of them meet
together in constructing the roof a corrugation preferably extends across or partially
across the sheet as seen at m figures 15 and 16 the convex surface of the corrugation
on one sheet fitting into the concave surface of the corrugation in the next whereby a
wind and rain tight joint is obtained, or as seen at figures 12 and 13 cross corrugations
may be made throughout tho length of the sheet and to afford additional stiffness
longitudinal corrugations n may be made between the ends of the cross corrugations
and the edges of the sheets.
The mode of fastening the metal sheets together as herein before described besides
being applicable to roofs is also applicable to the construction of walls of buildings
where these are made of sheet metal plates and it is equally applicable in the con-
struction of the body of close and open railway wagons and other vehicles where such
body is made of sheet metal and likewise in the formation of close fences and for
other like purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In a sheet metal structure the combination of a tube having a slot throughout
its length and means for securing it to purlino bars or supports with metal sheets
having their edges bent and entered into the interior of the tube the sheets being
secured in position by the insertion of rail shaped wedges or by squeezing or flattening
the tube until the edges, of the slot grip the sheets substantially as described with
reference to figures 1, 2 and 3 of the appended drawings.
2. In a sheet metal structure the several methods of fastening the sheets in position
substantially as described with reference to figures 4 to 8 inclusive of the annexed
drawings.
3. In a sheet metal structure a metal sheet arced in the direction of its breadth
and having at its ends or throughout its length cross corrugations the end corrugation
of one sheet being superposed on that of the next and the longitudinal edges of the
sheet being bent or curved at an angle and inserted in slotted tubes or otherwise held,
substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Seventeenth day of February 1888.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Agonts.