AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MODE OF PRESERVING ANIMAL MEAT OR MATTER TO BE USED FOR FOOD OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by George Washington Scollay at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 19th May 1873, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Pateht Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
WASHINGTON SCOLLAY, of St. Louis, Missouri, at present residing at
No. One hundred and twenty-four, East Eleventh Street, in the City,
County, and State of New York, one of the United States of America,
send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OR MODE OF PRESERVING ANIMAL MEAT OR MATTER TO BE USED FOR FOOD
OR OTHER PURPOSES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent
for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the true and
first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Washington Scollay, do
hereby declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand.
and seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The principal object of my Invention is to preserve animal carcases,

page_text: My Invention consists-
First. In a novel method of treating or preparing the blood of the
animal by which it is made or maintained in a fluid state kept from
separating or putrifying, and rendered an antiseptic influence upon the
animal, meat, or matter subjected to its action or influence.
Second. In a novel method of treating or preparing the vegetable
proteine compounds by which they are rendered anti-putrescent, and
an antiseptic influence upon animal flesh or tissue treated with it, or
immersed in it, or subjected to its influence.
Third. In immersing, packing, dipping, or treating the flesh or tissue
of the animal into or with the blood or proteine compounds thus treated
or prepared for the purpose of preserving the same.
Fourth. In preparing the carcase of the animal for the more effectual
preservation of the same in or by the prepared blood or proteine
compounds by introducing into the arterial and venous system thereof
an antiseptic gas or vapour, and an antiseptic fluid, either separately or
in combination, or a gas or vapour and fluid which being so introduced
in the venous and areterial systems or incorporated with the tissue will
unite and exert an antiseptic influence upon the flesh and tissues of the
body or any part thereof.
Fifth. In combining the internal and external applications of the
aforesaid antiseptic influence to animal matter for the purpose of
preserving the same.
The proteine compounds of which the blood is in part composed are
so proportioned that the soluble parts of organized blood or flesh are not
soluble in blood which has been acted upon in such a way as to convert
the albumen into albuminose or proteine, and otherwise rendered anti-
putrescent. The blood when it has been thus acted upon does not
coagulate nor separate, but remains in a fluid state for a long time

page_text: without changing, and meat or portions of animal tissue immersed in
it or thoroughly subjected to its influence is preserved in a very natural
state.
To get the blood in this state it is first subjected to the action of any
of the gases or vapours that are known to be color restoring, antiseptic,
and harmless in the effect upon animal matter to be used for food, and
these gases may be introduced into the blood separately or mixed, and
the blood during the introduction of the gases should be continually
agitated.
The gases which I prefer to use for this purpose are carbonic, oxide,
and sulphurous acid gas, cither separately or combined; I prefer to
use them in combination, the sulphurous to follow the carbonic oxide,
or they may be introduced together, both gases flowing into a common
pipe leading to the reservoir of blood. The flow of gas should be
continued until the blood is thoroughly fluid and color restored. After
the blood has been brought to this state there is added to it, first, about
two ounces of a neutralized solution to about eight ounces of blood, the
solution to be of about 23% to 24° of Beaume in strength, and composed
of any of the alkalies neutralized with sulphurous acid gas, very slightly
impregnated with creosote or carbolic acid vapor, which should be
mixed with the sulphurous acid gas before it unites with the alkalies,
of which soda, potash, or ammonia are preferable.
In place of the neutralized salts used in making the solution above
described the bisalts may be used, though the neutral are preferable.
After this solution of blood and neutralized salts have been prepared
substantially as aforesaid there is added to it from 15 gr. to 20 gr. of
hydrochlorate of ammonia, which last, however, may be omitted though
it serves a very good purpose.
After the blood has been thus prepared there are various ways in which
the flesh and tissues of the animal may be subjected to its influence,
and there are various ways in which the flesh of the animal may and
sometimes is treated by me before it is brought under the influence of
this blood solution or any solution which I use for a substitute for it.
Thus, for example, after the animal is slaughtered the color restoring and
antiseptic gases may be introduced into the arterial and venous systems
prepared and introduced in the animal in substantially the same way
they are performed and introduced into the blood as above described,

page_text: and the gas may be followed by an injection of the neutralized solution
in the arterial and venous systems, the solution to be made of blood as
above described, or a solution may be made of water and the salts
neutralized as aforesaid and injected in the animal's arterial and venous
systems after the same has been injected with the gas as aforesaid, or
the animal may be infiltrated with the prepared blood or blood solution
above described, omitting the gas injection. This preparation of the
animal flesh or tissues, however, may be omitted, and the flesh and
tissues cut to the required size and packed in the prepared blood in
packages of the desired size.
If the animal is cut in larger pieces, say a quarter of beef in two
or three pieces, the prepared blood should be made stronger with the
antiseptic influence, say twice as strong as that above described, thus
relying upon the prepared blood to keep or preserve the meat packed in
it without the aid of previous preparation of the meat.
This plan will be found entirely efficient when the meat is cut in com-
paratively small pieces, and packed in comparatively small packages, and
will probably preserve the meat cut in larg pieces, and packed in casks
holding from four to five hundred pounds each. But where it is the
purpose to pack meat in hot and humid atmospheres for shipment to
remote points it is best to first treat the carcass in one of the methods
above described, and the best method is to first inject the gases, and
follow it or them with an infiltration of the blood solution or the neutral
solution, and afterwards dress and cut up the meat and pack it in the
prepared blood in packages of from one pound to tierces of five hundred
pounds each.
I do not intend to confine my claim or Patent to the method above
described of preparing the blood, nor to the method of making the
neutral solution, nor to the method of carbolating the gases, nor to the
uses of the gases above enumerated, nor to the use of the salts or bisalts
above enumerated, nor to the method of neutralizing the alkalies, nor do
I intend to confine my Patent and claim to the preparation and use of
the animal proteine compound to pack the meat in or to infiltrate it
with, as the vegetable proteine compounds may be selected in their
proper proportions, and subjected to the same treatment as the animal,
with a proper per-centage of water added; and these compounds may be
used in the same way substantially and for the same purpose as the
animal compounds of like character, and I do use them when the

page_text: supply of blood is not sufficient; and I have found that blood may be
made to keep in several ways after the action of the gas upon it, or even
without the action of the gas, and other gases may be used either with
or after those above specified, and any of the alkalics carbolated may be
used for this purpose, as may also the acetates or silicates of the alkalies,
of which soda is best, and also the boracic acid, the borates, and the
bi-borates of the alkalies, and these are other combinations and methods
of and for putting the blood in this state, and of making these solutions
and gases, which it is not necessary to enumerate here.
The best way of preparing the blood or other solution is that first
above described, to insure the most natural color and taste of the flesh.
The essential principle in the Invention is to keep the blood in a fluid
state, keep it from separating, render it anti-putrescent, and antiseptic,
put the flesh of the animal under the influence of antiseptic and color-
restoring gases and fluids, or either or both of them, and pack the
meat in the prepared blood either before or after it has been treated as
specified.
Witness my hand and seal this Third day of April AD 1872