IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OR FINISHING OF TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATERIALS
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME; I; DAVID
DICK, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Machine Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-second day of
May, in the fifteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said David Dick, Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said David Dick, my
exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said David Dick, my
exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OR FINISHING OF TEXTILE FABRICS
AND MATERIALS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I,
the said David Dick, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
shall particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, and shall cause the same to be
enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said

page_text: David Dick, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by this present instrument in writing as follows, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto attached, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates, first, to various mechanical arrangements on the
principle of the jacquard machine for weaving and manufacturing figured
fabrics, such arrangements having for their object the obtainment of economy
in the original construction of such machines, together with a superior rate of
working and greater certainty and accuracy of action.
Second, to a system of punching or perforating the pattern cards, webs, or
sheets of jacquard machines by means of a double row of punches; the fabric
to be punched being carried across a carriage beneath the punches, and at
right angles to the length of the piece, until the width of the latter is fully
punched across.
Third, to various arrangements of machinery, apparatus, or means for
mechanically twisting or finishing the fringes of shawls or other goods where
twisted fringes or other ornaments of a like character are used.
And in order that my Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed to describe the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings
hereunto attached. Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, is a front elevation
of one modification of my improved jacquard, as adapted to machines of the
ordinary kind; Figure 2 is a corresponding side view of the same; and
Figure 3 is an enlarged view of one of my improved vertical needles.
In its general features this machine is constructed like the common
jacquards. Its frame consists of a pair of vertical side standards A, connected
by an upper cross bar B and intermediate tie rods or stays. The traversing
frame C is actuated in the usual manner by the lever D, set on a fixed
centre E, and linked at its opposite end to the centre of the frame piece,
which is guided vertically by the pair of spindles F fast to the frame, and
working through the fixed guide bearings G. From the lower side of this
frame piece, three light bars H descend to carry the rows of "branders" or
lift plates J, which plates gear when necessary with the hooks K on the upper
ends of the vertical draught needles. These needles or wires are fitted up in the
usual way, being each passed through a loop or eye in their respective needles,
of the horizontal pattern series L, and resting by their lower ends in shallow
notches in the traversing retaining board or platform M; tail cords N being
attached to the bottom hooks of the needles and passed downwards to the
loom harness. The platform M is not fixed, as in the ordinary jacquard, but has

page_text: a vertical traverse equal to that of the upper frame piece C, motion from which
frame is communicated by means of the short links O. These links are jointed
at their lower ends to the piece C, and at their upper ends to the ends P of
the double levers oscillating on fixed centres Q, carried by the upper cross
bar B. The opposite ends of these levers are jointed at R to the vertical rods
S, passing downwards to the platform M, to which they are attached at T.
In this way, whenever the lift plates J for giving the upward draught to the
vertical draught needles rise up, the lower platform M simultaneously sinks
to a like distance; the horizontal pattern needle action is of the usual kind.
The pattern barrel U is carried in bearings in the lower end of the oscillating
frame V, and it is actuated for the horizontal traverse pattern action, by the
bracket W, fast on the platform or frame C. This bracket carries a transverse
cross head X, from the two ends of which a pair of links Y descend to the
long cross bar Z, the ends of which are entered into slots in the bent levers a.
These levers oscillate on fixed centres b on the framing, whilst their free ends c
are linked by the connecting rods d to the oscillating frame of the pattern
barrel at e. By this arrangement, each rise and fall of the platform C gives a
reciprocatory traverse to the pattern barrel to work the pattern card or sheet
surface thereon up against the projecting ends of the needles L. The
pattern barrel is turned by the duplex catch and detent apparatus g, and the
barrel is firmly held for the pattern traverse after each movement by the
rectangular lower end h of the vertical sliding rod j, fitting upon a square on
the end of the barrel. The rod j works in the fixed guides R, and is kept
down by the pressure of the blade spring 1 screwed at the end m to the
oscillating frame V, whilst its other end carries a small pulley n pressing
the back of the short link piece o. This link is hinged to a fixed centre p
on the framing, and presses by its lower side upon a pin or antifriction
pulley on the rod j. This spring pressure constantly tends to retain the
barrel from turning, but when the angles of the square come round to pass
beneath the holder h, the spring pressure is mitigated by the notch r coming
above the pin q, when the free end of the spring is borne up by the fixed pin s
on the oscillating frame, and the pattern barrel can thus easily turn at that
moment. The general action of the needles is similar to that in common use.
Such of the needles or wires L as meet with a pattern hole when the pattern
fabric is traversed up against the needle ends. are left in their original position,
so that the upper ends of the vertical needles are unmoved also, and the hooks
are thus caught and elevated by their lifters, and the warp threads in connection
with their needles are therefore shed to one side. On the other hand, those
needles L which do not meet with any pattern holes are pushed back by the

page_text: solid spaces of the cards carrying the hooks of the vertical needles clear away
from the line of vertical traverse of the lifters, and the descent of the lower
platforni therefore allows the counterweights of this set of needles to
draw their set of warp threads to the other side of the shed, so that a full
wide shed is secured with a slight traverse action.
Figure 3 on the same Sheet of Drawings exhibits an enlarged view of a vertical
draught needle, so shaped as to enable it to work satisfactorily without the aid of
the springs ordinarily fitted to the horizontal pattern needles. This is accom-
plished by means of the secondary bend A, by which the needle rests upon its
bottom traversing platform. The draught is from the bend B, where the tail
cord C is attached, so that the counterweight action constantly tends to traverse
the hooked end of the needle in the direction of the arrow by reason of the needle
being made to act like a bent lever. Hence the counterweights themselves
constantly retain the hooks up to the lifters until the solid portions of the
pattern cards push the horizontal needles, and with them the upper parts of
the vertical needles, back from the lifters.
Figure 4 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings is a side elevation of another arrange-
ment of my improved jacquard apparatus as remodelled entirely on the basis
of my improved system.
Figure 5 is a corresponding transverse vertical section of the same. The
needle action presents a combination of horizontal or inclined draught needles
with vertical drop needles. The drop needles are at A, being guided at the
top and bottom in the usual manner by fixed guides B, C, whilst their lower
extremities rest when necessary upon the pattern cards or sheets D as the latter
traverse over the barrel E. These needles are of round or cylindrical steel
wire, and have eyes F in them at their proper relative heights to permit the
inclined draught needles G to pass through and be connected with them. The
entire mechanism is contained within the framing H, suitably connected
transversely and bolted or fastened down at I. The inclined draught needles
G when at rest bear by their lower inclined ends against the fixed angular
bearing bars or stops J, whilst they are connected by cords at K with the loom
harness. The opposite ends of these needles G are hooked or bent as at L to gear
when necessary with the draw plates M set in a vertical row in the traversing
frame N. This frame of bars is carried on the ends of the two inclined sliding
rods O set one on each exterior side of the framing in the bearings P. The
opposite ends of these rods are linked at Q to the pins of the crank levers R
fast on the rocking shaft S, which works in end bearings Tin the framing, and
has fast upon it the large lever U in connection with the treadle action of the
loom, or to a crank or cam, or other motive detail, when applied to power

page_text: looms. In this way the periodical vibration of the lever U actuates, the,
drawbars in an inclined direction. The pattern card barrel E is a wooden
cylinder, having on its periphery a series of longitudinal metal strips running
from end to end, parallel with the barrel's axis, so as to form a series of spaces,
into which the needles A drop when in action. These strips or division pieces
are each set at such distance asunder as corresponds to the scale or arrange-
ment of the needles; and as the pattern sheet material which I use is of slight
body, thin wires are placed at regular intervals round the periphery of the
division pieces as a support against the downward pressure of the drop needles.
And as a further safeguard against the depression of the pattern sheet by such
needles as rest upon the solid or unperforated portions thereof, I also propose
to encircle the barrel with a perforated sheet, so that it may permit the needles
to come through into the spaces when necessary, whilst it will sustain the
needle pressure on the solid portions of the pattern sheets. During the action
of the machine, as the barrel E periodically revolves, the proper vertical drop
needles fall through their intended holes in the pattern sheets, each drop
needle thus lowering the front end of its draught needle G so as to cause the
hook L of the latter to gear with its draw plate M. At the same time the
receding of the frame V, carrying the back stops J, permits the counterweights
to draw back the draught needles connected with such drop needles as have
not entered any holes. In this way a short traverse of the inclined rods o
opens the shed of the warp in the loom very widely for the reason that
the shed is opened or drawn to one side by the needles W, whose drop
needles have penetrated into pattern holes, whilst it is also equally opened to
the other side by the back action of the draught needles X, whose drop
needles have not entered any pattern holes. In other words, each movement
gives twice the effect in opening the shed with a certain length of traverse
action as compared with the ordinary plans in use. The traverse of the back
stops J is effected by setting them upon a frame V, on the outer ends of the
inclined guide rods Y working in fixed bearings Z. The rods are actuated
from the main lever U by pins a in the levers R on the rocking shaft, such
pins being entered into slots in the lower ends of the double levers working on
fixed centres 6 in the framing, the upper slotted ends being similarly entered
upon pins c fast on the rods. In this way the back stops J always move
simultaneously with the draw plates, but in a reverse direction. The inclined
action of the draw plates M in bearing up against the draught needles from
beneath dresses up the vertical needles out of their holes at each traverse for
the succeeding action. In the reverse movement of the draw plates the drop
needles are kept out of their holes in the pattern fabric by the vertical

page_text: traverse of a range of lifters d, actuated by the revolving cams e. These cams
are driven by pins f fast on the rods O, and carrying detent links g for gearing
with side pins h, to turn the cams, so that at each movement the cam pro-
jections cause the vertical rise and fall of the lifting frame.
Figure 6 is a detail of another arrangement for this purpose. In this case
the lifting frame has a top pin A, beneath which a hinged wedge B is tra-
versed for the elevating movement, this wedge being earried by the draw-plate
frame C. At the termination of the elevating movement the top bar A drops
over the other end of the wedge, so that the latter is thus enabled to return
clear of the bar. In the opposite action a horizontal wedge D carried by the
draw-plate frame, gives the necessary elevation for a similar purpose. The
pattern barrel may be worked by a jointed detent on one of the rods O, so
arranged as to actuate the duplex detent of the barrel by means of its stop
joint in one direction, and to miss it in the other. But in the arrangement
here delineated the movement is given by the differentially slotted lever piece i,
carried by the rocking shaft S, the slot being entered upon a pin or pulley j
fast on the sliding rod k. The end of this rod is fast to the central curved
portion of the duplex detent arrangement m, one of the arms of which thus
drives the barrel by its side pins n in either direction as the upper or lower arm
may be brought into gear. The barrel is securely held in position after each
action by the catch o on the lower end of the vertical sliding rod p, this stop
being adjustable for gearing with the ratchet teeth 9 of the actuating wheel
of the barrel. This sliding stop is held down when necessary by the long blade
spring r, fixed at the end s, and carrying at its other end a pulley t pressing
on the top of the hinged piece u, which again rests upon a pulley v in the
sliding rod. The piece u is hinged at one end to the rod o, and it has a piece
cut out at w on the under side, in order to relieve the action from the severe
spring pressure when the notch comes over its pulley v, the spring being then
-borne up by a fixed pin x.
Figure 1 on Sheet 2 of my Drawings represents a front elevation of
my improved machine for punching or perforating the pattern cards or
sheets of jacquard machinery; Figure 2 is a corresponding side or end
elevation of the same; Figure 3 is a plan of the punching cross beam
reversed to show the under side; Figure 4 is a plan of the guide plate and
arrangement of horizontal stops for the punches; Figure 5 is a plan of a
pattern card or a portion of a sheet on the scale of half the real size; and
Figure 6 is a transverse vertical section of the upper portion of the whole
machine in correspondence with Figure 2. The framing is composed of two
vertical side standards A bolted transversely, to form a rectangular frame

page_text: with the tie rods B. The upper inner edges of the side standards are cast
with narrow flanges as a base for the traversing carriage C, over which
is laid the cloth or fabric to be punched, and a short guide standard .D
is bolted outside each main standard, the two pieces D being secured
transversely across the top by the cross bar E. The guide pieces D have
each a pair of guide eyes F to receive the vertical spindles G, connected at
the top by a punching cross bar H. The lower ends of the spindles G
are jointed at I to the upper ends of the connecting links J, which pass
downwards outside the frame standards to the cross bar R on the long treadle
lever L. This lever is set to oscillate on a fixed centre in the short bracket
M, being worked by a footboard at N, whilst its opposite end O is jointed to
a connecting rod P, passing upwards to an adjustable screw link piece Q.
The latter is jointed to the end R of an unequal armed double lever, carried
on a stud centre in a short pendant bracket S. The opposite short arm T of
the lever is passed through a slotted link piece U, the upper end of which has
a duplex catch or detent for holding and slipping the horizontal edge toothed
rack V. This rack is attached at each end to the pair of vertical standards C
of the travelling carriage; and the detent being contrived in the ordinary way,
each time the treadle is worked the carriage slips along its platform to the
extent of one of the rack teeth; the counterweight W having its suspending
line, passes over the guide pulley X, and attached to the rack detent to press
forward each rack tooth as required. In punching sheets or webs by this
machine the fabric Y is wound upon the horizontal roller Z, and thence
passes up through a long narrow trough piece a fust to the framing. From
this point it passes through or between the tension guide rollers b, and thence
over the top of the punching base c on the central fixed standard d to the
roller e.
This roller has three sets of guide pins f to fall into the two outside
lines of guide holes g and the centre line h. From this roller the perforated
portion of the web descends, and is wound upon the second roller j, parallel to
the roller Z, the two being connected to work in concert by an endless belt
passed over their reversed cone or fusee pulleys k.
forward during punching by the handle 1, fast on the
The fabric is traversed
end of the upper. hori-
zontal shaft m, the opposite end of this shaft having a short crank lever n
jointed to a detent piece o. The notched catch of this detent gears with the
circle of side or face pins p on the notched or ratchet wheel q, carried by the
shaft of the roller e. This roller is held at each movement by the detent r
hinged to a centre at s, and carrying a back pulley t, on which the link u is
pressed by the blade spring v. As the crank n is periodically moved, the pin
wheel is pushed to the required distance round, and at the moment of the

page_text: ratchet tooths clearing its detent the spring-detaining pressure is relieved, as
described in reference to my improved jacquard apparatus, by the notch w in
the link u.
Figure 3 and 4 exhibit the details of the punch-engaging mechanism.
The punches are nine in number, in two rows x, y, of four each for
the actual pattern holes, and one larger central side punch z for punching
the central line of guide pin holes h. Each of these nine punches has an
engaging pin 1, working horizontally in guides at 2, 3, and encircled by a
helical spring for keeping the pins pushed outwards free of the heads of
the punches. The punches are inserted into loose guide holes in the plate or
cross bar H, being formed with square heads, by which they are loosely sus-
pended when not engaged in punching. Then when the operator wishes
any particular punch to be brought into action he presses with his fingers
upon the heads of the pins 1, so as to force the inner ends of such pins
over the top of the square heads of their corresponding punches. In this
condition the treadle action brings down the punching bar H, and the punches
whose heads are so held are then compelled to descend and perforate the
fabric beneath them, whilst those which are not engaged are merely caused to
fall upon the fabric without perforating the resistance of the sheet, causing
them to slide upwards in their loose guides. The fabric is punched across
its width instead of longitudinally or lengthwise, as is usual, the length of the
pattern web being at right angles to the traverse of the carriage c. The two
outside lines of guide holes 9 are first punched by the initial action of the
handle. The shaft on which this handle is placed carries two differentially
slotted disc pieces 4, into which pins 5 are entered carrying the vertical guides
of a pair of punches 6. In commencing to punch, these two side punches
being elevated, the fabric is passed in, and the back turn of the handle in the
direction of the arrow carries round the slotted discs 4, thus causing their
pins 5 to descend and bring down with them their punches. In this way two
opposite holes of the line g are made, and the punches remain down in such
holes as detaining guides for the fabric, whilst the row of pattern holes is
This transverse
punched across its width, as from a to b in Figure 5.
punching is effected entirely by the treadle action, which as I have before
described, both brings down the engaged punches for perforating, and traverses
forward the carriage C in the direction of the arrow from the end a to the end
b of the framing, the fabric with its rollers and the whole of the actuating
details being thus carried forward a certain determined step after each per-
forating action. When the two rows of pattern punches have thus acted
throughout a line across the fabric's width, the fabric is carried forward another

page_text: step by the action of the roller e, the attendant moving the handle / forward.
for the purpose.
And to effect this the slotted discs 4 are so contrived that
they shall elevate their side. punches to permit of the disengagement of the
pattern fabric for this traverse. The rack detent for the carriage traverse is then
ungeared, and the carriage is retraversed back to the end a for perforating a
second line of pattern holes. This system of perforation is repeated and con-
tinued by a series of successive alternations of the longitudinal traverse forward
of the sheet of pattern fabric across the line of traverse of the carriage for
bringing a fresh blank line beneath the punches, and the transverse traverse
of the fabric for each line of perforations. The use and arrangement of
two rows of punches instead of one, as usually practised, is important, for
whilst the engaging pins on each side of the punching platform are casily got
at and fingered, a great saving of time is effected by punching two rows or
lines of holes at once.
And I have also to remark, that great practical benefit is derivable
from the use of punches of oblong or elliptical transverse section, as at
1, 1, in Figure 3. The effect of this is shewn in the plan of the card or
pattern sheet, Figure 5, the four external or corner holes 1, 1, in each set of
eight, or the two external lines of holes in each series, as punched transversely
over the fabric, being oblong. The object of this is that there may be less
chance of any pattern needles missing their holes at or near the angles of the
polygonal surface of the pattern barrel, where it is intended that these lines of
holes shall fall during working, the lengths of the ellipses being in the
direction of the length or traverse of the pattern fabric.
The last portion of my Invention is to be described in reference to Sheet 3 of
my Drawings. Figure 1 on that Sheet is a transverse vertical section of my
shawl fringe twisting machine; and Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the
same, as broken away in the middle to shorten the figure. The fabric whose
fringe is to be twisted is placed so that its fringe shall hang vertically between a
pair of horizontal sliding bars, on which are a pair of plates slotted out to form
dividing clearers or combs. The teeth of these dividers are set towards each
other, and made to correspond, the teeth of one with the hollows of the other,
and are so contrived as to separate and divide the required series of threads or
portions of fringes, whilst a pair of longitudinal fringe twisters effect the
necessary twisting action upon a long series of fringe threads, as, for example,
the whole of the fringe on one side of a shawl at once. The machine consists
of the two vertical end standards A, held together transversely by the tie
rods B. The intermediate space comprehended between these standards is
filled up by the pair of twisting fingers and their corresponding dividers. The

page_text: actual twisting surfaces consist of two long parallel strips of india-rubber,
or other elastic friction-surfaced material C, C. These strips are each recessed
into grooves along the inner contiguous parallel edges of the twisting frames
or bars D, which are arranged so as to be capable of both a longitudinal
traverse and of oscillation upon the axes of their end spindles E. These end
spindles are each entered through brass bearings E, set in horizontal slots
opposite to each other, on the external edges of the main standards, and the
whole of these bearings are kept pressed into their traversing slots towards the
centre line of the machine by the action of the pendant weights F. These
weights are hung from the longer arms of a set of bent levers, oscillating on
fixed centre studs at G, whilst their short curved arms press on the outer
edges of the brasses. Each spindle also passes through the boss of a short
crank lever H, set immediately outside the main standards, and held from
traversing horizontally by a pin or stud I on the brass E, projecting into a
short groove J if the crank boss. As the four cranks H remain stationary,
whilst the spindles of the twisting bars have liberty to traverse longitudinally
through them and through their own bearings, each crank boss has an
internal feather fitting to a longitudinal groove in the spindle. Thus the
required traverse movement may take place whilst the cranks cannot be
turned round without carrying the spindles with them. The whole of the cranks
are actuated by the long treadle board K, on the ends of the levers L,
oscillating on fixed centres M, whilst their opposite ends are jointed at N to
link pieces O. These links pass upwards, and are again jointed at P to the
lower ends of the two pairs of diverging rods Q, which are again jointed at
R to the pins of the cranks H. By this means the necessary oscillating
traverse is given to the twisting fingers, and also to the dividers S, whilst the
longitudinal traverse is given to the twisters by the short horizontal shaft T.
This shaft carried in end bearings at U, and actuated by a winch handle V,
has two cords W wound upon it in opposite directions; the loose ends of
these cords being respectively attached to eyes X in the projecting ends of
the spindles E. Similar eyes X at the ends of the spindles on the opposite side
are connected to cords Y passing over fixed guide pulleys Z, and terminating
in counterweights a. In this way a short revolution of the shaft T in either
direction, by coiling up one cord and uncoiling the other, produces a simul-
taneous traverse of the pair of twisters in opposite directions. The dividers
or fringe separators S are each in two pieces, one above and one below the
twisting bars, in which short pins b, b, are fastened, the ends of these pins
being entered through differential slots or openings c, c, in the dividers. The
inner edges of these dividers are formed into long pointed teeth d, e, like comb

page_text: teeth, one set of teeth being thicker than the other, and so arranged that they
shall gear with one another, as represented in the plan, Figure 2. In twisting
the fringes of goods in the piece, or where such fringes occur in the body of long
lengths of fabric, the piece is wound upon an overhead beam S, and the end is
conducted down from the beam in the centre line g, the counterpressure
roller hand inclined slot i being employed for keeping the vertical line of
descent of the piece always in its true centre between the lines of dividers.
A similar arrangement is also provided at the bottom, where the fabric, as its
fringe is twisted, is wound upon a beamj, against which a guide roller k presses.
In commencing to twist, the operator first depresses the treadle K for the
disengagement of the divideing teeth by causing the four cranks H to turn
upwards in the direction of the arrows, and the same movement of course
disengages the figures from contact in the centre line g. The same movement
also first traverses the four bearings E simultaneously outwards in their grooves
against the pressure of their counterweights. This is effected by the reverse
actions of the two studs I in the treadle levers. These studs gear respectively
with the differential grooves m in the lower ends of the vertical levers n
oscillating on fixed studs o set in the end standards, the upper curved ends
of these levers being arranged to press against the inner sides of the bearings E.
When this is done the whole length of the line of fringe being stretched
vertically in the line g, the treadle is allowed to resume the position shown in
the Drawings, so that the opposite dividing teeth d, e, fall into gear, their
points entering through and selecting the required divisions of the fringe threads
whilst the twisting fingers also come together simultaneously, pressing the
fringe between them. In this action the differential form of the curved
slots in the levers n allows of the oscillatory movement of the dividers and
fingers to come into play a little before the horizontal traverse of the bearings E,
so that the teeth actually slide horizontally into gear to embrace and divide the
strands or threads of the fringe after the oscillatory movement is completed.
In this way the required number of threads are engaged between the teeth;
and the attendant then turns the winch V to traverse the twisting bars on
each side in opposite directions, as pointed out by the arrows.
The pressure
of the fingers thus gives the first twist to the fringe threads just as if the
threads were acted on by the fingers of the human hand, and when near
the termination of the stroke the traversing pins 6 in the twisting bars come
into operation to shift the dividers transversely, the pins b on one side acting on
the inclines p of their slots to push out the dividers on that side quite clear of
the line of fringe, as well as of the dividing teeth on the opposite dividing bar.
At the same time the pressure of the pins b on the other side acts against the

page_text: inclines
This
to push the dividing teeth on that side.still further into gear.
2
action, as will be understood from the plan, Figure 2, then causes each
contiguous pair of primarily twisted strands to fall into a single space between
the teeth on this side; and the twisting fingers being still in contact the reverse
action of the winch V carries back the fingers in the reverse direction to give
the back twist for the combination of each pair of strands. This effects the
reverse traverse of the pair of dividers transversely, and they are then taken
out of gear as before, ready for another fringe. When the external or outside
edge fringes are to be twisted, the fabric is to be wound upon the two beams
r, 8, the fringe being stretched vertically across between the two, as in the
former instance, whilst the vertical fringe line is kept in the proper centre
line by the tension of the counterweights t. Cords from these weights are
passed over guide pulleys u, and are attached to the horizontal sliding bearings
of the beams so as to keep the latter constantly pressed up against the fixed
rollers v.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I may observe in conclusion that I do not confine or restrict myself to
the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or
refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of my Invention; but what I consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of the machinery, apparatus,
or means for the manufacture and treatment or finishing of textile fabrics, as
herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of constructing and working jacquard machines
for weaving, wherein a duplex shed action is obtained by the combined
effect of those pattern needles which are in action with those out of action.
Third, the system or mode of obtaining a full wide shed of the warp by
means of the pattern needles which are out of action or have not entered any
pattern holes in combination with the needles in action.
Fourth, the system or mode of constructing and working jacquard machines
with the upper and lower frames or needle platforms, connected to work
simultaneously in reverse directions.
Fifth, the application and use of my differential spring or wedge action
for. the pattern barrels of jacquard machines and for jacquard punching
machines...
-Sixth; the application and use of the notched wedge or the relief spring

page_text: detent action for pattern barrels and similar movements, as herein-before
described.
Seventh, the system or mode of actuating and holding the pattern and other
barrels of jacquard mechanism; as herein-before described.
Eighth, the system or mode of constructing draught needles with back
heels or lever projections, so as to work without the aid of springs.
Ninth, the system or mode of dressing up jacquard pattern needles, by
means of rotatory cams, as herein-before described.
Tenth, the system or mode of dressing up the pattern needles by means of
my differential wedge action, as described in reference to Figure 6, on Sheet 1
of my Drawings.
Eleventh, the system or mode of supporting the pattern fabric in its passage
over the cells of the pattern barrel by means of perforated sheets or foundation
pieces, as herein-before described.
Twelfth, the system or mode of forming pattern sheets or cards with oblong
or elliptical holes, as herein-before described.
Thirteenth, the system or mode of arranging jacquard punching or per-
forating machines to work with two rows of punches, as herein-before
described.
Fourteenth, the system or mode of arranging punching machines with
external or corner punches of elliptical or oblong section, as herein-before
described.
Fifteenth, the system or mode of punching pattern fabrics nsversely
across such fabrics.
Sixteenth, the system or mode of guiding and retaining the pattern fabric
in punching machines by means of the side guide-pin punches.
Seventeenth, the system or mode of reading off and engaging the selected
punches by means of spring-engaging pins, as herein-before described.
Eighteenth, the system or mode of effecting the twisting of all or a
long line of the fringe threads of a shawl simultaneously, as herein-before
described.
Nineteenth, the system or mode of twisting fringes by means of reverse
traversing fingers.
Twentieth, the system or mode of effecting the first and secondary or
combined twists by means of opposed engaging dividing teeth, as herein-before
described.
Twenty-first, the system or mode of transferring the primarily twisted
strands from one divider to the other for the secondary or back twist, as
herein-before described.

page_text: Twenty-second, the system or mode of guiding and retaining the proper
vertical position of the fabric by means of fixed retaining rollers and traverse
slots for the beams, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Dick, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Twentieth day of November, in the year of our Lord 5
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twentieth day of November,
in the year of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid David Dick came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
.