IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON AND STEEL SHIPS OR VESSELS AND OTHER METAL STRUCTURES, AND IN HYDRAULIC RIVETTING MACHINES AND OTHER APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR, PARTS OF THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO PUNCHING MACHINES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hugh Smith, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, for an Invention of
18
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF IRON AND STEEL SHIPS OR VESSELS AND OTHER
METAL STRUCTURES, AND IN HYDRAULIC RIVETTING MACHINES AND OTHER
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR, PARTS OF THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING
APPLICABLE TO PUNCHING MACHINES."
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hugh Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1880.
HUGH SMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON AND STEEL SHIPS OR VESSELS
AND OTHER METAL STRUCTURES, AND IN HYDRAULIC RIVETTING MACHINES AND
OTHER APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR, PARTS OF THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS
BEING APPLICABLE TO PUNCHING MACHINES."
This Invention relates to improvements in building iron and steel ships, boilers,
bridges, and other structures, and to improvements in hydraulic rivetting machines,
and in cranes for suspending and moving the same from one position to another,
and to certain improvements in punching machines. In the building of iron and
steel ships as hitherto practised, the plates or streaks are first built up in a temporary
manner on the frames and held in position by service bolts, the inner plates being
first fitted and bolted, and then those which overlap them at the edges or joint,
after which the plates are rivetted by hand. Under this Invention the first streak
of plates. is fitted and temporarily bolted to the frames and then rivetted by
machine, as hereinafter described, then the second or overlapping streak is fitted
and bolted and thereafter rivetted, excepting one or two of the rivets nearest the
next plate, which are left out to allow the second streak to be wedged outwards to
admit the third streak of plates underneath it, and the third streak is then fitted
and bolted to the frames and rivetted, and so on, until the upper or last plate is
reached. It is also proposed under the Invention to run the plates constituting the
bulkheads horizontally across the ship instead of placing them vertically as hitherto,
Pin 971

page_text: and to rivet the said plates streak by streak; but the bulkheads may also be rivetted
streak by streak vertically, in which case a space is left to allow the crane
hereinafter described to pass through from end to end of the ship.
The rivetting of the plates, bulkheads, and other parts of the ship is or may be
effected by one or other of the improved rivetting machines, constructed in
accordance with the Invention, and which consist under one arrangement of a
curved or horse shoe frame, preferably of a double channel or double T shape in cross
section. At the extremity of one arm an hydraulic cylinder is cast on or attached to
the frame, and one of the rivetting tools may either be secured direct to the ram of
the said cylinder whilst the other or stationary rivetting tool is fixed in tho extremity
of the other arm of the frame; or instead of so attaching the movable rivetting
tool, it may be fixed to a slide block and be operated from the ram by three togglo
jointed levers, so arranged and constructed as to multiply the power of the ram,
thereby enabling a smaller hydraulic cylinder and accumulator to be used than
would otherwise be the case. The rivetting action is offected by the outward
motion of the ram from its cylinder, and aftor each rivet has been secured the ram
is returned to its inward position by a small or secondary hydraulic ram, the
cylinder of which is preferably cast on the larger cylinder. The two rams are
connected together by a ring, screwed, shrunk, or otherwise secured to the outer end
of the larger ram, the end of the smaller ram being passed through the ring and
held in position by a nut or otherwise.
Under another arrangement the machine is constructed with two separate
arms or jaws connected together by bridles or ties, which may either pass over
pins or studs cast on or fixed in the arms at a suitable point from their
extremities, or the bridles or ties may pass over and under the arms, clamps
being used to hold them in position. One arm or jaw is stationary and has
the hydraulic cylinders cast or fixed on it, the larger ram being attached
direct to the other and movable arm by a pin or stud, or it may be connected by
toggle jointed multiplying levers, as before described, the main ram being in either
case returned to position for re-commencing operations by a secondary ram as before
mentioned.
Under another arrangement the hydraulic cylinders, instead of being cast
in one of the arms or jaws, may be attached to one or both of the bridles or
ties, in which case the movable jaw is also operated by three toggle jointed
multiplying levers.
Instead of operating the rams by water power, oil or other liquid, which
will not freeze, may be used. In conjunction with the improved rivetting
machines an improved five way cock or valve operated by a single key is
employed to supply and exhaust the water to and from the larger and smaller
cylinders. The interior of the cock is divided by a diaphragm into an upper or
supply, and a lower or exhaust chamber. The supply chamber is always in
communication with the accumulator, and the openings from it and those from the
exhaust chamber are so arranged relatively with each other, that when the supply
part of the cock is open to the large cylinder it is closed to the small cylinder,
whilst the exhaust chamber is open to the latter, thereby allowing the water to
escape therefrom and vice versa.
A similar smaller machine constructed under any of the modes herein before
described is used to rivet the keel, frames, deck beams, and other parts of the ship.
The rivetting machines are suspended from a crane by a link made with a cross tail,
the central part of which is spherical, so as to enable the machine to be moved in
any direction.
A form of crane especially adapted for employment with the said machines when
rivetting the plates and other parts of ships, consists of a standard or post on which
a horizontal frame or jib is carried. On the said jib a saddle is placed an provided
with wheels which run on both the upper and under side of the jib; and on a pin or
stud in the centre of the saddle a lever is centred, from whose outer end the rivetting
machine is suspended from a Weston's or other block. When it is desired to raise

page_text: or lower the rivetter. the inner end of the lover is correspondingly operated, and in
order to hold the machine at the desired position the lever is provided with a spring
sneck or catch which enters notches formed in a quadrant attached to the jib.
Another lever is also provided to move the rivetting machine outwards or inwards,
the said lever being centred on the jib and attached by a link at its upper end to
the saddle. A sneck or catch and a quadrant are also provided for this lever.
Instead of the levers for raising and moving the rivetter horizontally hydraulic
mechanism may be employed for the purpose. In rivetting the lower plates or
streaks of a ship, the crane is suspended from the deck beams in channel irons in
which wheels attached to the pillar traverse. When used in rivetting the upper
plates the pillar of the crane is supported on a carriage, the wheels of which also
run in channel irons secured to the upper sides of the deck beams. By this means
the crane and rivetting machine are rendered capable of being traversed the whole
length of the ship, and to effect the said motion a worm wheel is secured on the
axle of two carrying wheels, and a worm fixed on a shaft and operated by a pulley
and endless chain or otherwise gears into the said wheel. A similar wheel and
worm are provided for turning the crane round. Although this forin of crane is
prefered, any other suitable crane capable of being traversed from end to end of
the ship may be used.
Another and stationary form of rivetter, specially applicable to rivetting boilers
and other like structures, consists of two vertical arms carried at their central parts
on pins or studs supported in bearings on a horizontal plate or sole and tied
together by bridles. The rivetting tools are secured in the upper extremities of
the arms, one of which is movable and the other rigidly fixed. The hydraulic
cylinder is carried on the fixed arm, and the ram is attached to the lower end of
the movable arm by three toggle jointed multiplying levers; or instead of having a
movable arm the movable rivetting tool may be connected direct by toggle jointed
levers to the ram, the cylinder of which is secured to a casting formed or fixed on
the sole plate.
The hydraulic cylinders and toggle jointed multiplying levers may also be
adapted to punching manholes or other large holes, either in conjunction with a
single punch or by a segmental punch, the punch and bolster being arranged to
move through an arc by means of a lover.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Hugh Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd
December 1880.
"IMPROVE-
HUGH SMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON AND STEEL SHIPS OR VESSELS AND OTHER
METAL STRUCTURES, AND IN HYDRAULIC RIVETTING MACHINES AND
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR, PARTS OF THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING
APPLICABLE TO PUNCHING MACHINES."
OTHER
My said Invention relates to improvements in building or constructing iron and
steel ships, boilers, bridges, and other structures, to improvements in hydraulic
rivetting machines for rivetting such structures, and in cranes for suspending and
moving the said machines from one position to another, certain of the said improve-
ments being applicable to punching machines.
In the building of iron and steel ships as hitherto practised, the plates or streaks
aro first built up in a temporary mauner on the frames and held in position by
service bolts, the inner plates being first fitted and then those which overlap them at
the edges or joint, which being effected, the plates are permanently rivetted by
hand.
Under my said Invention, instead of pursuing this course of building, the plates
are fitted on the frames and thereafter permanently rivetted by machine power
streak, by streak that is to say, the first streak of plates is fitted and temporarily
bolted to the frames, and then by the machines hereinafter described, permanently
rivetted all over excepting the horizontal line of rivets which passes through it and
the next upper streak. The second or overlapping streak is then temporarily fitted
and bolted, and thereafter permanently rivetted excepting the horizontal line of
rivets passing through it and the next or third streak, one or two of the rivets in the
vertical lines being also left out to permit the second streak to bo wedgod outwards
so as to admit the third streak of plates underneath it. The third streak is then
fitted and temporarily bolted to the frames, and thereafter permanently rivetted by
machine, and so on until the upper or last plate is reached.
In building the bulkheads it is preferred to run the plates with their greater
length extending across the ship instead of vertically as hitherto, and the said
plates are rivetted streak by streak as before set forth. The plates may however
also be rivetted streak by streak with their greater lengths placed vertically, in
which case an opening or space is left through the bulkhead to allow the crane,
hereinafter described, to pass from end to end of the ship.
The rivetting of the plates, bulkheads, and other parts of the ship is effected by
improved rivetting machines constituting part of my said Invention. And in order
that the construction and operation of the said machines may be properly understood
I have hereunto appended two explanatory Sheets of Drawings, on Sheet 1 of which
Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of one of the said machines. As
shown by the Figure the machine consists of a curved or horse-shoo shaped frame A,
preferably of a double channel or double T shape in cross section. On the back of
the frame a pin or stud is secured, on which a link J for suspending the machine is
fixed, and in the extremity of one arm of the frame an hydraulic cylinder B is cast.
In a socket D made in the piston or plunger C of the said cylinder, one of the snap
or rivetting tools E is secured, whilst the other snap or rivetting tool F, which is
stationery, is held immediately opposite in the other arm of the frame. The
rivetting action is effected by the movement of the ram or plunger C outwards from
the cylinder B, and after each rivet has been secured the ram is returned to its inward
position by a small or secondary hydraulic ram G, the cylinder of which is also cast in
the arm of the frame A alongside the larger hydraulic cylinder. The two rams C, G,

page_text: are connected together by a bracket or by a ring H, screwed, shrunk, or otherwise
fixed on the outer end of the larger ram, the end of the smaller ram G being passed.
through the ring and held in position by a nut I or its equivalent.
The hydraulic cylinders may be lined with brass or other metal.
Figure 2 illustrates, partly in side elevation and partly in vertical action, and
Figure 3 in back end elevation, another form of improved rivetting machine, in
which the movable snap or rivetting tool E, in lieu of being connected direct to the
piston or plunger C of the larger hydraulic cylinder, as in the preceding arrangement,
is connected to a block L, which slides in a sleeve made in one arm of the frame A.
The block is connected by togglo jointed or duplix multiplying levers K to tho
piston or plunger C of the larger hydraulic cylindor B, and in order that the stroke
of the movable snap or rivetting tool E may be rendered adjustable to such different
thicknesses of plates being rivetted, the pin or stud M, by which the lever K¹ is
attached to the jaw of the frame A is made in the form of an eccentric, a hand lever
N being secured to it at the outside of the frame, by actuating which the movable
snap E is moved outwards and inwards. After each stroko the larger ram or
plunger C is returned to the position shown on the Drawings by a smaller ram G,
as herein before described with reference to Figure 1.
8
To enable the machine to be canted so as to work horizontally the suspending link
J is attached to a link o, placed on a pin or stud P, projecting from the back of the
frame A, and formed with two horns or brackets. When the link J is secured to one
of these horns by the bolt x, the machine is in a vertical position, as seen on the
Drawings, and when by the said bolt it is secured to the other horn & the machine is
horizontal. The link o is capable of moving round the pin P, as is also the link J,
Figure 1, so that the position of the machine may be reversed as indicated by the
dotted lines, Figures 2 and 3, and in lieu of the link o being made with horns or
brackets it may be made in the form of a quadrant with a series of holes at or near
its periphery by which to adjust the inclination of the machine.
Figure 4, Sheet 1 of the Drawings, is a side elevation, partly in section; and
Figure 5, a front elevation of another improved rivetting machine constructed in
accordance with my said Invention, and in which the machine is adapted for "flush"
rivetting, and provided with apparatus for compressing the plates tightly against
each other. The improvement having reference to "flush" rivetting consists in
forming the movable snap E hollow, and in inserting in it a short steel bar or rod 1,
the said rod bearing against a spiral spring at its inner end. By this means, when
the snap E is, by the outward movement of the ram or plunger C, forced
downwards on the rivet, the point of the rivet acting on the steel bar r forces the
said bar upwards against the spring until the snap E bears hard upon the frame T
being rivetted. Such bearing of the snap on the frame forces the counter sink
headed rivet into the counter sunk hole on the under plate U until it is flush ;
and to retain it in the said position a presser R is brought down upon the frame T.
This presser consists of a rod having a foot capable of adjustment according to the
thickness of plates being rivetted. The presser is hung or centred in the jaw of
the frame A on a pin which forms an eccentric, and which is actuated by a lever w,
Figure 5, so as to raise and lower the presser; or instead of the eccentric an
hydraulic cylinder may be used. When the presser has been brought down upon
the frame T the snap E is drawn upwards by the action of the smaller ram G, and
to then enable it to form the head on the rivet a sneck or catch b is entered through
a slot in the side of the snap, and bears upon the bar r so as to provent the bar
from moving inwards, when, by the action of the ram C, the snap is again caused
to descend on the rivet; Figure 6 is an enlarged vertical section, and Figure 7 an
enlarged horizontal section of the snap E, showing more particularly the construction
of the rod, spring 8, and sneck or catch b. Between the rod r and the spring s a
length of rod t of lesser diameter is inserted. This apparatus may be employed in
rivetting when the rivets have snap heads as well as when they have counter sunk
heads as before set forth.

page_text: Figures 4 and 5 also illustrate another method of suspending the improved
rivetting machine so as to enable it to be inclined to any desired angle, and which
consists in attaching to or forming on the back of the frame A a toothed rack Q.
Into the said rack a worm V, which is supported in a box V' secured between the
two sides of the suspending link J, as shown, gears so that by turning the worm
the link J is moved backwards or forwards through an arc, and so depresses or
raises the snap or rivetting tools. The machine is also capable of a certain amount
of lateral motion by shifting the eye of the link J sideways along the pin or
bar m, by which it is attached to the link, as seen at Figure 5.
Figure 8, Sheet 1 of the Drawings, illustrates in side elevation a modification
of the improved rivetting machine shown at Figure 1, and in which the frame, in
liou of being curved or horse shoe shaped, is composed of two arms or jaws connected
together by a pin or stud at A. In one of the arms or jaws B, which is stationary,
the larger and smaller hydraulic cylinders are formed, the larger ram or plunge C,
being connected direct to one extremity of the movoble arm or jaw D. The pin A,
by which the jaws B, D, are connected together, is preferably not directly opposite
the centre of the thickness of plates being rivetted, that is to say, at the centre of
the machine, but at a point nearer the movable jaw D than it is to the jaw B, as
indicated by the dotted centre line, and it is so situated for the purpose of causing
the snap E to approach and recede to and from the snap F as nearly as possible in
a horizontal line. The link G, by which the machine is suspended, is attached to a
pin formed on one half of a strap H, which is bolted round a circular projection I
made for the purpose on the stationary jaw B; Figure 9, Sheet 1, shows more
particularly this method of attaching the link G, by which the machine is rendered
capable of being turned in a circle horizontally as well as vertically by reversing
the link as hereinbefore mentioned.
Figuro 9 is a vertical section, and Figure 10 a side elevation, showing the
application of toggle jointed or duplix multiplying levers K to this class of machine.
The levers are attached to the ends of the stationary and movable jaws B and D,
and to the ram C, of the larger hydraulic cylinder, which in this case, together with
the smaller hydraulic cylinder, is fixed to a flange made upon the stationary jaw B,
above the circular projection I, to which the suspending link G is attached. To
adjust the stroke of the movable jaw D, according to the thickness of plates being
rivetted, the lever K' is secured by an eccentric pin, as hereinbefore described with
reference to the lever K¹, Figure 4, and a quadrant K2 perforated with holos is
provided, into which a spring sneck or pin attached to the lever L enters to retain
the eccentric in the position to which it has been adjusted.
Figure 11, Sheet 1, shows a modification of Figures 9 and 10, wherein the
rivetting is effected by the downward or inward instead of the outward movement
of the piston or ram C of the hydraulic cylinder.
By the employment of toggle jointed or duplex levers, as hereinbefore described,
the power of the ram is considerably multiplyed, thereby enabling a smaller
hydraulic cylinder and accumulator to be used than would otherwise be the case.
To admit and exhaust water to and from the larger and smaller hydraulic
cylinders of the improved rivetting machines an especial construction of cock is
employed. The cock is illustrated in vertical section at Figure 12, Sheet 1, and in
horizontal sections at Figures 13 and 14, Figure 13 being a section on the line a, b,
and Figure 14 on the line c, d, Figure 12. In the position shown on the Drawings
the port d of the cock is in communication at d with the accumulator, and at f
with the larger hydraulic cylinder, whilst the port g is discharging the water from
the smaller hydraulic cylinder through the port e into the discharge pipe. When
the cock is moved a quarter turn the port d admits water from the accumulator by
the port into the smaller cylinder, whilst at the same time the water is
discharging from the larger cylinder through the ports and e into the discharge
pipe h. With the above arrangement a separate induction and eduction is provided
by the same cock or valve to the larger and smaller cylinders.

page_text: The position of the cock with reference to the cylinders is shown at X,
Figures 2, 3, 9, and 10, Sheet 1.
The improved rivetting tools hereinbefore described, besides being applicable to
rivetting purposes generally, are especially applicable to building or constructing
the keels, frames, deck beams, hulls, and bulk-heads of ships, in accordance with my
said Invention, and for the said purpose the machines are suspended from a crane,
illustrated in side elevation at Figure 15, Sheet 1, and which consists of a standard
or post A, on which a horizontal jib B is carried, and provided with a worm
wheel C, into which a worm screw actuated by the hand wheel D is geared for the
purpose of turning the jib round. On the jib B a saddle E is placed, and provided
with wheels F, which run on both the upper and under sides of the jib, and on a
pin or stud G fixed in the saddle, a lever H is centred, from whose outer end the
rivetting machine is suspended by a Weston's or other block, or by an hydraulic
lift. On the inner end of the lever H back balance weights are hung, and when it
is desired to raise or lower the rivetter the inner end of the lever is correspondingly
lowered or elevated, and in order to hold the machine at the desired position the
lever H is provided with a spring catch or sneck I, the point of which enters
notches or teeth made in the quadrant J formed on the saddle E; or, instead of
notches or teeth, the edge of the quadrant may be made slightly V or wedge shaped,
the catch being formed with a corresponding jaw which is drawn into contact with
the quadrant by the spring. The spring catch or sneck is operated by a rod K
attached to it and to a crank L, centred on the lover H, and to which a rod chain
or cord M is secured for the purpose of operating the catch.
Another lever N is also provided for moving the rivetter outwards and inwards
horizontally, the said lever being centred on the jib B and attached by a link O at
its upper end to the pin G of the sliding saddle E. A spring lever or catch P is
also provided for the lever N to retain the rivetter at the position to which it has
been adjusted horizontally.
Instead of the levers for raising and lowering and for moving the rivetter,
horizontally hydraulic mechanism may be provided on the crane for the purpose,
and instead of the worm wheel C and screw D the jib may be provided with a
pinching screw q actuated by the handle 7, to fix it at any desired position to
which it has been adjusted on the post A.
When the crane is to be employed in suspending heavy rivetters, another
horizontal lattice frame is attached to the socket B' of the jib, and on the said.
frame back balance weights are placed, the said frame and the jib B, being stayed
by diagonal struts extending from the lower end of the pillar A to their outer
extremities, and suspending rods also extend from the said ends of the jibs to the
upper end of the pillar. In rivetting between decks, when the space is confined,
the lover H, instead of moving the rivetter up and down, is placed between two
guide wheels, on which it runs horizontally, and the balance weights instead of
being on the lever are placed on the jib or frame, the raising and lowering of the
rivetter being effected by hydraulic or other lifts. The base or sole of the pillar A
stands upon or constitutes a carriage or truck, the wheels R of which run in channel
irons S secured to the deck beams T of the ship, or the crane may be hung from the
deck beams, by either of which means the rivetting machines can be traversed the
whole length of the ship. To effect this motion worm wheels U are secured on the
axies of the carring wheels R, and worms fixed on a shaft and operated by a hand
wheel V direct or through a spur wheel and pinion, or by a pulley and endless chain,
or equivalent mechanism, gear with the said wheels.
Figure 16, Sheet 1, is a general view representing the adaptation of the
improvements hereinbefore described to the rivetting of the hull and bulk head
plates of iron and steel ships, and with reference to the improved crane, although
it is preferred to employ it, any other suitable crane may be used to suspend the
rivetting machines. In rivetting the bulk heads, as seen at X, the frame of the
machine is laid on its side, and it is so suspended as to permit the rivetting tools
to be raised and lowered through a vertical arc, as indicated by the dotted lines.

page_text: On Sheet 2 of the Drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Figuro 2 an end
elevation of a stationary rivetting machine, constructed in accordance with my
said Invention, and which is especially adapted to the rivetting of boilers and
other like structures. The machine consists of two vertical jaws or frames, one of
which, A, is formed with flanges B at the sides to rest it upon a brick work or
other foundation. The flanges B extend out beyond the frame A so as to embrace
the sides of the frame or "holder up" C, which is held in position by a clamp
piece D and by bolts E passed through the piece D and frame A. In the upper
end of the "holder up "C the stationary snap F is secured, the movable snap G
for the purpose of adjustment to suit the thickness of plates being fixed in a
block H, screwed into the slide block I, to which one of the togglo jointed or
duplex multiplying levers J is attached, the other levers being attached to the
jaw or frame A and to the ram of the larger bydraulic cylinder, as hereinbefore
<Jescribed.
In the modification illustrated in side elevation at Figure 3, and in end elevation
at Figure 4, Shect 2, another method of regulating the stroke of the movable snap
is shown, and which consists in attaching the lever J' to a slide block L operated
by a screw and hand wheel M. This machine is also provided with a presser N
similar to that shown at R, Figure 3, Sheet 1, to hold the plates firmly together,
the said presser being secured on a flat scat formed on the frame A by brackets O,
which are removable so as to permit of angle irons being laid on the frame to be
rivetted as well as on the "holder up" C.
Instead of connecting the toggle jointed or duplex levers direct to the ram of the
larger cylinder, as herein before described and shown, one of them may be connected
to a lever jointed at one end to the frame A and at the other connected to the
hydraulic ram, the cylinder of which is carried on a sole or bracket made on the
frame A, as seen at Figure 5, Sheet 2, of the Drawings, and instead of being forced
upwards the duplex levers when rivetting may be drawn downwards, their positions
being in that case reversed.
The improved arrangement of direet acting hydraulic cylinders, seen at Figure 1,
Sheet 1, besides being adapted to rivetting machines, as herein before described,
may also be adapted to single or segmental punches for punching man holes or
other large holes in metal plates.
Figure 6, Sheet 2, shows the adaptation of the arrangement to a single punch,
which is lowered and raised by alternately admitting water to the larger and
smaller hydraulic cylinders C, D, cast on or secured to the frame E.
Figure 7, Sheet 2, shows in side elevation, and Figure 8 in front elevation, the
application of the aforesaid improvements to a new form of punching machine,
in which the punch A and bolster B are rendered capable of punching round an
entire circle or segment of a circle by securing on each of them a worm wheel into
which a worm C is geared, the worms being rotated simultaneously by the mitre
gearing D. The plate to be punched is secured by cramp screws E, and after each
punching operation has been effected the punch and bolster aro turned through an
are so as to act on a new part of the plate when the punch again descends. The
diameter of the hole to be punched is regulated by screws F which pass through
the punch and bolster, and by which they may be so adjusted as to describe a
larger or smaller cirlo in rotating.
Figure 9, Sheet 2, illustrates in side elevation, Figure 10 in front elevation,
and Figure 11 in horizontal section, the adaptation of the improved direct acting
hydraulic cylinders to a segmental punch, wherein the punch a and bolster 6 are
moved round by means of a double lever D centred at C, and connected to the
punch and bolster by rods E.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and several systems or modes in or under which the same is or may be
used or carried out in practice, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to bo novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein before in part recited Letters Patent is,―

page_text: First. Building or constructing the hulls and bulk heads of iron and steel ships
or vessels streak by streak, substantially as herein before described, by means of
the rivetting machines constructed in accordance with my said Invention.
Second. The several arrangements of hydraulic rivetting machines, hereinbeforo
described and shown on Sheets 1 and 2 of the appended Drawings, or any mere
modification or combination of the parts thereof, and the employment of the said
machines in rivetting, the hulls, bulk heads, keels, frames, deck beams, and other
parts of iron and steel ships, and for rivetting purposes generally.
Third. The arrangement and construction of the cock or valve, shown at
Figures 12, 13, and 14, Sheet 1, whereby a separate induction and eduction is
provided for each hydraulic cylinder, substantially as described.
Fourth. The apparatus herein before described and shown at Figures 4, 6, and 7,
Sheet 1, whereby the plates to be rivetted are forced close together and so
maintained until the rivetting (flush or snap headed) is completed, substantially
as set forth.
Fifth. The arrangement and construction of the crane, illustrated at Figure 15,
Sheet 1 of the Drawings, or any mere modification thereof, and the employment of.
the same, as and for the purposes described.
Sixth. The adaptation to and employment of the improved arrangement of
hydraulic cylinders and rams in actuating the punches in single punching machines,
substantially as bereinbefore described with reference to Figure 6, Sheet 2, of the
appended Drawings.
Seventh. The arrangement and construction of the segmental punching machines,
substantially as herein before described and shown at Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11,
Sheet 2 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hugh Smith, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twentieth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
HUGH SMITH. (LS.)