Improvements in and relating to Machines for Manufacturing Bolts and Rivets.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 7th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 13th Apr., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by the Firm of MACCHI, IZAR & Co., of Milan, in
the Kingdom of Italy.]
Improvements in and relating to Machines for Manufacturing Bolts
and Rivets.
1, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to machines for manufacturing bolts and rivets.
The friction and other machines heretofore employed for forging bolts and rivets
cannot, in a single heating, stamp carriage bolts and in general bolts and rivets in
which the difference between the diameter of the shank and that of the head is
very considerable. It is necessary in this case to have recourse to two forging.
operations and consequently to two successive heatings.
The output of friction machines, even in the case of bolts or rivets which can be'
forged in a single operation, is comparatively small, because their operative parts
receive only alternating movements.
In my improved machine for stamping and forging bolts and rivets, more
especially carriage bolts, the bar heated to a white heat receives two successive
blows, whereby I am enabled to produce bolts and rivets of any dimensions required
in commerce by a single heating of the heads.
This machine is characterized by the employment of a shaft to which rotary
movement is imparted for operating the stamps by means of cams which
communicate to them a positive movement so as to obviate the shocks which are
produced in the ordinary forging machines. Rotary shafts also place alternately
in front of the stamp either the rough iron bar or the bar which has already
received a first blow, which shafts also introduce into the machine the bar to be
forged and discharge the finished piece.
On the two sides of the machine are arranged two driving shafts which carry
similar parts arranged symmetrically. Two pairs of bevel wheels keyed to the
extremities of the driving shafts actuate a longitudinal shaft arranged at the rear
part of the machine, that is to say at the part opposite to that where the workman
is and from where the rough bar is introduced. The number of revolutions of the
longitudinal shaft is double that of the driving shafts. As the longitudinal shaft
actuates the stamps while the driving shafts actuate the device for introducing the
rough iron, discharging the forged bolt, and effecting the movement of translation™
of the swage, it follows that the stamps finish two complete strokes while the
swage makes only one movement, and the plungers do the same; this must in fact
take place in order that each piece which traverses the machine may undergo two
successive compressions.
The driving shafts operate the feed plungers, discharge plungers and swage.
With the said plungers I use counter-weights which by bell-crank levers and
return-motion rods tend to keep the plungers pressed towards the interior of the
machine, causing two levers to turn upon their fulcrums. In a certain position
these two levers are prevented from yielding to the action of the counter-weights by
springs of levers which are kept raised by counter-weights.

page_text: The aforesaid two levers and the plungers are disengaged and move towards
the interior of the machine under the action of the counter-weights as soon as
heel-pieces provided on cams applied to the extremities of the driving shafts
encounter, as they turn, the levers kept raised by the counter-weights and disengage
the two levers from the springs.
As the driving shafts continue to turn, the peripheries of the aforesaid cams
encounter shoulders on the two levers which have just turned upon their fulcrums.
These peripheries conduct the two levers back to their former position, raising the
counter-weights and engaging these two levers with the levers under the action of
the counter-weights.
The swage is formed of two parts, between which the bolt or rivet is pressed,
while it receives the blows_from_the_stamps. The swage receives a transverse
to-and-fro movement, for it must alternately be brought now opposite the stamp on
the left hand side carrying the counter mould for the head of the rough bolt, and
then opposite the stamp on the right hand side carrying the finishing counter-
mould for this head. This movement is transmitted to the swage by means of two
cams acting through the intervention of two rollers and adjustable wedges by rods
between which the swage is enclosed.
It may be observed that the before-mentioned two cams do not quite fulfil the
law of the constancy of the sum of the radii vectors at a given moment, for it is
necessary to proportion these radii in such a manner that the swage shall be
strongly pressed at the moment when the stamp strikes the head of the bolt. and
relaxed a little while it is displaced transversely. For this reason I arrange on
the two sides of the said rods bell-crank levers actuated by counter-weights and
designed to maintain the parts upon which these levers act in contact with that of
the said cams the radii of which gradually diminish.
The longitudinal shaft, through the medium of a cam, rollers and adjustable
wedges, effects the to-and-fro movement of the stamps. The outer periphery of
the said cam,, through the medium of the rollers, causes the stamps to advance
towards the central part of the machine, while a pin acts upon a bell crank lever
for causing the stamps to move back towards the longitudinal shaft.
The mode of operation of the machine is as follows: Into an open channel is
introduced the rough bar of iron which is placed opposite the feed plunger.
At this moment the plunger is disengaged under the action of the before-
mentioned counter-weight. The bar, as it proceeds, encounters a conduit comprised
between the two halves of the swage. This swage, continuing its movement to the
left, brings the bar to be forged to the left of the opening of the said channel
and opposite the stamp on the left hand side, which strikes it and roughly forms
the head of the bolt. By the movement of the cams the swage is then trans-
ported to the right; during this time one of the stamps (whose driving shaft
has made a complete revolution while that of the swage has made only half a
revolution) again strikes the bolt so as to completely finish the head. Then the
swage commences its backward movement to the left and the stamps also move
backwards towards the longitudinal shaft. When the swage is placed opposite the
discharge plunger the latter, which already occupied the whole length of the
open channel, is disengaged under the action of the aforesaid counter-weight and
forces out the finished bolt or rivet, causing it to leave the swage and fall into an
empty space.
During this time the discharge plunger moves back, while the feed plunger
prepares for another disengagement, whereupon the described phases are repeated.
It remains to describe an arrangement having the double object of limiting the
forward movement of the bar introduced into the said channel at the time of the
action of the feed plunger, and of preventing the departure of the feed plunger in
case any obstacle may have prevented the discharge plunger from leaving previously,
the object being to avoid a fresh rough bar being passed into the machine before
the discharge of the previously finished piece.
The limitation of the forward movement of the rough bar is obtained by an

page_text: arrangement in which the discharge plunger, as it is disengaged, causes a mitred
lever to be lowered. Then the rough bar introduced cannot advance beyond a
stop. This result is obtained in the following manner: As the counter-weight for
the discharge plunger falls it pushes a slide to the left by means of au inclined
plane, overcoming the resistance of a spring which tends to retain it in the position
on the right hand side. The said slide carries a hook which serves as a support
for a lever; when the slide moves away to the left this support will be away so
that the lever falls, carrying away a stay which served as a support for the mitred
lever. The falling lever is successively conducted to its previous position by a
crank mounted upon the shalt carrying the bell-crank lever which effects the
backward movement of the stamps.
For preventing the disengagement of the feed plunger before the departure of
the discharge plunger I use a lever which prevents the disengagement of another
lever by means of a tooth. This second lever can be disengaged from the first
only after the fall of the mitred lever. But the mitred lever in its turn can
fall only when the departure of the discharge plunger has caused the aforesaid
stay to fall.
By easily devised modifications 1 obtain a machine which, while preserving the
positive movement of the stamps and the operation of the other parts by means
of rotary shafts and the mechanism described, may be used for the rapid
manufacture of large quantities of ordinary bolts and rivets which can be stamped
by a single blow.
Dated this 7th day of June 1894.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicaut.
Improvements in and relating to Machines for Manufacturing Bolts
and Rivets.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to machines for manufacturing bolts and rivets.
The friction and other machines heretofore employed for forging bolts and rivets
cannot, in a single heating stamp carriage bolts and in general bolts and rivets in
which the difference between the diameter of the shank and that of the head is
very considerable. It is necessary in this case to have recourse to two forging
operations and consequently to two successive heatings.
The output of friction machines, even in the case of bolts or rivets which can be
forged in a single operation, is comparatively small, because their operative parts
receive only alternating movements.
In my improved machine for stamping and forging bolts and rivets, more
especially carriage bolts, the bar heated to a white heat, receives two successive
blows, whereby I am enabled to produce bolts and rivets of any dimensions required
in commerce by a single heating of the heads.
This machine is characterized by the employment of a shaft to which rotary
movement is imparted for operating the stamps by means of cams which
communicate to them a positive movement so as to obviate the shocks which are
produced in the ordinary forging machines. Rotary shafts also place alternately
in front of the stamp either the rough iron bar or the bar which has already
received a first blow which shafts also introduce into the machine the bar to be
forged and discharge the finished piece.

page_text: In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a general plan of the machine as seen from above;
Figure 2 is a transverse section on the line A-B of Figure 1 ;'
Figure 3 is a transverse section on the line C-D of Figure 1;
Figure 4 a longitudinal section on the line G-H of Figure 1;
Figure 5 an elevation of the machine seen from the front from the side where
the workman is and from where the crude bar is introduced ;
Figure 6 a section on the line E-F of Figure 1;
Figure 7 a section on the line I-K of Figure 1 ;
Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11, represent details hereinafter referred to.
:
On the two sides of the machine-are-arranged two driving shafts 1, 1' similar to
each other which carry similar parts arranged symmetrically. Two pairs of bevel
wheels 2, 2 and 2', 2', keyed to the extremities of the driving shafts 1, 11
respectively, actuate a longitudinal shaft 3 arranged at the rear part of the
machine, that is to say at the part opposite to that where the workman is and from
where the rough bar is introduced. The number of revolutions of the longitudinal
shaft 3 is double that of the driving shafts 1, 1. As the longitudinal shaft 3
actuates the stamps while the driving shafts 1, 1¹ actuate the device for introducing
the rough iron, discharging the forged bolt, and effecting the movement of
translation of the swage it follows that the stamps finish two complete strokes
while the swage makes only one movement, and the plungers do the same; this
must in fact take place in order that each piece which traverses the machine may
undergo two successive compressions.
The driving shafts 1, 1 operate the feed plungers 4 discharge plungers 4'
and swage.
With the said plungers I use counter-weights and 5 which by bell-crank
levers 6 and 6¹ and return-motion rods 7 and 71 tend to keep the plungers pressed
towards the interior of the machine, causing two levers 8 and 81 to turn upon their
fulcrums 9 and 9. In the position of Figure 1 these two levers 8 and 8' are
prevented from yielding to the action of the counter-weights 5 and 5¹ by
springs a a' of levers ¹ which are kept raised by counter-weights c
Figure 6.
C¹
The aforesaid two levers 8, 81 and the plungers 4, 4' are disengaged and move
towards the interior of the machine under the action of the counter-weights 5, 51
as soon as heel-pieces 12, 12' provided on cams 10, 10' applied to the extremities
of the driving shafts 1, 1¹ encounter, as they turn, the levers bb kept raised by
the counter-weights, and disengage the two levers 8, 8' from the springs a a¹.
As the driving shafts 1, 1 continue to turn, the peripheries 10, 10¹ of the
aforesaid cams encounter shoulders 11, 11¹ on the two levers 8, 8' which have just
turned upon their fulcrums 9, 9'. These peripheries conduct the two levers 8, 81
back to their former position, Figure 1, raising the counter-weights, 5, 5' and
engaging these two levers 8, 8' at a a¹ with the levers b¹ under the action of the
counter-weights.
The swage is formed of two parts, 13 and 131 (Figures 1 and 4) between which
the bolt or rivet is pressed, while it receives the blows from the stamps. The
swage receives a transverse to-and-fro movement, for it must alternately be brought
now opposite the stamp on the left hand side (Figure 1) carrying the counter mould
for the head of the rough bolt, and then opposite the stamp on the right hand side,
carrying the finishing counter-mould for this head. This inovement is transmitted
to the swage by means of two cams 14 and 14' acting through the intervention of
two rollers 15 and 15' and adjustable wedges 16 and 161 (see detail Figure 9) by
rods 17 and 17 between which the swage is enclosed.
It may be observed that the before-mentioned two cams 14 and 14 do not quite
fulfil the law of the constancy of the sum of the radii vectors at a given moment,
for it is necessary to proportion these radii in such a manner that the swage shall
be strongly pressed at the moment when the stamp strikes the head of the bolt and
relaxed a little while it is displaced transversely. For this reason I arrange on

page_text: the two sides of the said rods 17 and 17' bell-crank levers 19 and 19¹ actuated by
counter-weights 18 and 181 and designed to maintain the parts upon which these
levers act in contact with that of the said cams 14 and 14¹ the radii of which
gradually diminish.
The longitudinal shaft 3, through the medium of a cam 20 (represented apart in
Figure 8), rollers 21, 21' and adjustable wedges, 22, 221 (see the detail Figure 10)
effects the to-and-fro movement of the stamps 23. The outer periphery of the
said cam 20 through the medium of the rollers, 20' 21' causes the stamps to
advance towards the central part of the machine, while a pin 24 acts upon a bell
crank lever 25 (Figure 3) for causing the stamps to move back towards the
longitudinal shaft 3.
The mode of operation of the machine is as follows: Into an open channel 27
(Figures 1 and 7) is introduced the rough bar of iron which is placed opposite the
feed plunger 4.
At this moment the plunger is disengaged under the action of the before-
mentioned counter-weight 5. The bar, as it proceeds, encounters a conduit 25'
comprised between the two halves 13 and 13 of the swage. This swage continuing
its movement to the left, brings the bar to be forged to the left of the opening of
the said channel 27 and opposite the stamp on the left hand side (Figure 1) which.
strikes it and roughly forms the head of the bolt. By the movement of the
cams 14 and 14' the swage is then transported to the right (Figure 1), during this
time one of the stamps (whose driving shaft has made a complete revolution while
that of the swage has made only half a revolution) again strikes the bolt so as to
completely finish the head. Then the swage comniences its backward movement to
the left and the stamps also move backwards towards the longitudinal shaft 3.
When the swage is placed opposite the discharge plunger 4' the latter, which
already occupied the whole length of the open channel 28 (Figure 3) is disengaged
under the action of the aforesaid counter-weight 5', and forces out the finished
bolt or rivet, causing it to leave the swage and fall into an empty space 26.
(Figure 3).
During this time the discharge plunger 4' moves back, while the feed plunger
prepares for another disengagement, whereupon the described phases are repeated.
It remains to describe an arrangement having the double object of limiting the
forward movement of the bar introduced into the said channel 27 at the time of
the action of the feed plunger 4, and of preventing the departure of the feed
plunger 4 in case any obstacle may have prevented the discharge plunger 4¹ from.
leaving previously, the object being to avoid a fresh rough bar being passed into.
the machine before the discharge of the previously finished piece.
The limitation of the forward movement of the rough bar is obtained by an
arrangement in which the discharge plunger 4' as it is disengaged, causes a mitred
lever 29 (Figures 1 and 2) to be lowered, bringing it to the position indicated in
dotted lines (Figure 2). Then the rough bar introduced cannot advance beyond.
a stop f. This result is obtained in the following manner: As the counter-weight
5' for the discharge plunger 4' falls it pushes to the left (see Figure 11 which is a
section on the line L M Figure 1) by means of an inclined plane, the slide 33.
which can be displaced in the interior of the guide 31 and which, as long as the
counter-weight 5' is raised is retained on the right by the spring 311 (Figure 5)
attached by its right hand extremity to the fixed piece 31 and by its left-hand
extremity to the movable piece.33. The slide 33 carries a hook. 331 which serves
as a support for a lever 32 (Figure 2); when the slide 33 moves away to the left
this support will be away so that the lever 32 falls, and passes to the position
indicated in dotted lines Figure 2, carrying away a stay 34 which served as a support
for the lever 29. The falling lever 32 is successively conducted again to the
position represented in full lines Figure 2 by a crank 35 mounted upon the shaft
carrying the bell-crank lever 25 which effects the backward movement of
the stamps.
.
For preventing the disengagement of the feed plunger 4 before the departure of

page_text: the discharge plunger 4¹ I use a lever 36 Figure 2 which prevents the disengagement
of another lever 8 by means of a tooth shown in Figure 2. This second lever 8
can be disengaged from the lever 36 only after the fall of the lever 29, namely
when the latter occupies the position indicated in dotted lines in Figure 2. But
as has been seen the lever 29 in its turn can fall only when the departure of
the discharge plunger 41 has caused the aforesaid stay 34 to fall.
By easily devised modifications I obtain a machine which, while preserving the
positive movement of the stamps and the operation of the other parts by means of
rotary shafts and the mechanism described, may be used for rapid manufacture of
large quantities of ordinary bolts and rivets which can be stamped by a single
blow.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
A machine for stamping and forging bolts and rivets and especially carriage
bolts and all those whose head can be forged only by two successive operations
characterized by
1st. The positive movement of the stamping device actuated by cams either in
the percussion phase or in the return phase;
2nd. The transverse displacement of the heating tool operated by a double play
of cams for the purpose of causing the conduit provided therein to coincide with
two successive stamps of the stamping device, namely à rough-forging stamp and
a finishing stamp.
3rd. The disengagements of the feed plunger and of the discharge plunger
succeeding each other so that a raw bar may be fed into the machine only after the
expulsion of the bolt or rivet which has previously been finished.
4th. The apparatus for ensuring the safety and limitation of the movement
herein before described.
ր
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.