IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS."-A communication.
Sealed the 1st April 1859, and dated the 23rd October 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd October 1858.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention of "Improvements in Pumps," relates to a novel mode of
constructing certain parts of pumps, whereby the ordinary clack valves are
dispensed with, and a peculiar contrivance adapted for admitting and
discharging the liquid or fluid into and from the body or cylinder of the
pump is employed in place thereof. This contrivance instead of being operated
by the liquid itself as it passes through the pump, as is the case with the valves
of an ordinary pump, receives an independent motion from the external
mechanism. This contrivance is nothing more than a two-way cock, and it
operates in a similar manner to the slide or throttle valve of a steam engine,

page_text: which are
and to which it is analogous, being furnished with two passages
cast in it, and communicate with the interior of the cylinder and the exit pipe
or cock.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st April 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," being a communication from abroad, upon
the condition (amongst others, that I, the said William Edward Newton, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention of "Improvements in Pumps," relates to a novel mode of
constructing certain parts of pumps, whereby the ordinary clack valves may
be dispensed with, and a peculiar contrivance adapted for admitting and
discharging the liquid or fluid into and from the body or cylinder of the pump

page_text: is employed in place thereof. This contrivance instead of being operated by the
liquid itself as it passes through the pump, as is the case with the valves of an
ordinary pump, receives an independent motion from the external mechanism.
This contrivance is nothing more than a two-way cock, and it operates in a
similar manner to the slide or throttle valve of a steam engine, and to which
it is analogous, being furnished with two passages which are cast in it, and
communicate with the interior of the cylinder and the exit pipe or cock.
In the accompanying Drawing, the various Figures represent different views
of a pump constructed according to this Invention, similar letters being marked
upon corresponding parts in all these Figures.
Fig. 1 is an external side elevation; Fig. 2 a longitudinal vertical section of
the pump taken through the passages of the exit pipe, and dividing the the cock
transversely; Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section taken in the line 1, 2, of
Fig. 2, shewing more particularly the construction of the interior of the exit
cock; Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the cock detached. It will be seen on
referring to these Figures that the cylinder or body of the pump A is mounted
upon a plate B. The driving parts consist of a crank shaft D, which acts
upon the piston rod E* and piston E of the pump, by means of a connecting
rod F. On one end of the cranked shaft D is mounted the driving pulley G,
by which it is actuated, and at its other extremity the shaft D is provided with
a crank or excentric II, which works the exit cock I by means of a connecting
rod J, acting upon a lever K, fixed upon the valve stem or rod of the cock.
The cock I is therefore one of the principal parts of the mechanism, and
premising that it has an oscillating motion from the manner in which it is
actuated from the outside as above mentioned, I will now proceed to describe
this cock, merely observing that its movements alternate with those of
the piston E in the same manner as the ordinary slide valve of a steam
engine.
From the different views of this cock, represented in the Drawing at Figs. 2,
3, and 4, it will be seen that the cock consists of a barrel I, inside which
works a conical plug P. The barrel of the cock is provided with two ways or
passages leading to the exterior, the one a across for the exit of the fluid
pumped up, and the other b, in a longitudinal direction for pumping the fluid
up. The plug P is provided with ways or apertures corresponding with the
ways in the barrel, and with the two passages c and d in the barrel. This plug
is in fact pierced in its centre with a circular opening or passage cominuni-
cating with the suction pipe; this opening or passage is bent at right angles
at 63, so as to open upon the cylindrical surface of the plug, and by reason of
the backward and forward movement will present itself alternately opposite to

page_text: the openings of the passages c and d. The plug has also a partially annular
opening a (in Figs. 2, 3, and 4), which being always in communication with
the exit passage a, has its interior extremetics alternately in communication
with the passages of the cylinder or body of the pump. A simple inspection
of the Figures will therefore suffice to render the working of this pump
intelligible; it will be seen that it forms a double-action pump, in which, as
above stated, the four valves which would be necessary are replaced by
a single piece operated from the outside, and which piece is the plug of
the cock.
Thus the piston in moving in either direction forces forward the liquid or
fluid through the central opening of the cock, and thence it passes into the
cylinder through the way , which is always in communication with one of
the passages c or d. At the same time the water driven forward enters the
annular passage a' and thence through the exit pipe a.
On referring to Fig. 2 of the Drawing, it will be seen that the piston E is at
the middle of its stroke, and is supposed to be moving in the direction of the
arrow; it will therefore draw water through the passage d, and at the same
time force out water on the other side of the piston through the way c. When
it has reached the end of its stroke, the plug P, having moved on its axis,
will have closed the two passages c and d, but on the piston again receding, the
plug P, by continuing its movement, will bring the way c into communication
with the suction pipe, and the fluid will be forced out from the cylinder
through the way d.
1 would observe that dispensing with the ordinary valves offers great
advantages, amongst which may be mentioned the possibility of pumping up
water at a height nearly equal to atmospheric pressure. This cock also is
not subject to the derangement or deteriorations to which the ordinary
valves are liable under heavy pressure. A pump constructed according
to this Invention admits of being set up in any position with equal facility.
I would also observe, without dilating further upon the merits of this
Invention, that a similar mode of constructing the passages or waterways may
be applied to other constructions of pumps.
I would also remark that I do not intend to confine myself to the arrange-
ment of parts above shewn and described for working pumps, as I have only
given them as an example of the manner in which the Invention may be
carried into effect, the arrangement admitting of variation according to the
purpose for which the pump is intended to be employed.
In conclusion I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as
aforesaid the application to pumps of a contrivance similar to that herein

page_text: shewn and described, or any mero modification thereof, for controlling the
entrance and exit of the water or liquid to be pumped; I also claim
actuating such or any analogous contrivance from the outside for the purpose
herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Nowton, have hercunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Nowton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)