Improvements in Apparatus for Heating (Pasteurizing) and Cooling Liquids.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Oct., 1896-Accepted, 21st Nov., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating (Pasteurizing) and
Cooling Liquids.
1, WOLFF FREDERIK ENGELBRETH CASSE of 16 Hortensiavej Copenhagen
in the Kingdom of Denmark, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of the present invention is an apparatus for Pasteurizing and cooling
liquids by means of water, constructed in such a manner, that the liquid treated on
its way through the apparatus, does not come into contact with the atmosphere
and that the water used as a heating or cooling agent flows in a direction opposite
to the one taken by the liquid treated. Through this arrangement is obtained,
that the heating or cooling of the liquid takes place by degrees and uniformly.
Furthermore the construction of the apparatus is such, that it may easily be
cleaned and sterilized.
The apparatus consists of the combination of two groups of tubes A and B that
are constructed alike and of which one serves to warm and the other to cool the
liquid.
On the accompanying drawing the apparatus is shown in Fig. 1 seen from the
side and partly in section.
Fig. 2 shows part of the apparatus also in side view and partly in section, but on
a larger scale.
Fig. 3 shows part of the apparatus seen from the end, partly in section and partly
with the covers removed.
The groups of tubes A and B consist each of a number of horizontal tubes a,
each of which tubes is surrounded with a mantle or tube b.
The liquid that has to be treated, is led into the apparatus at c and flows through
the tubes a,
that are connected with each other by means of small chambers d.
Through this arrangement the liquid is compelled to pass through all the tubes a
belonging to the inner system of tubes one after the other, and issues from the
apparatus ate after having passed through both the groups A and B.
The water that is used for heating and cooling the liquid is led into the
apparatus at for f' respectively and passes through the tubes b, that are connected
with each other by means of the connecting pieces h. The water used as a
heating and cooling agent is therefore compelled to pass through all the tubes b
belonging to the outer system of tubes, one after the other in a direction opposite
to the one taken by the liquid, and issues from the apparatus respectively
at g and gl.
The chambers d are provided with close-fitting lids or covers i, kept in place by
means of screws p and pivoted yokes o; the covers may therefore with ease be
turned up or down and thus allow room for passing a tube brush through the
tubes a
At those places, where the liquid is fed into the apparatus and issues
from same, there are plugs k k' in order to facilitate cleaning. At the outlets e, e¹
are fixed thermometers II' in india rubber rings or sockets.
The groups of tubes A that serves to heat the liquid is connected with the
group
B that serves to cool it by means of the pipe m which pipe may be unscrewed
for cleaning purposes.
At the place where the liquid issues from the apparatus,
is arranged a cock n, by means of which the quantity of the liquid may be

page_text: regulated. As already mentioned the water for heating purposes is led into the
apparatus at f, and issues at g, whilst the water for cooling purposes enters at f¹
and issues at g'.
If the temperature of the liquid as well as that of the water is kept constant at
the entering into the apparatus and it be further arranged, that always the same
quantity of liquid and water is allowed to pass through the apparatus, the
thermometers will show a constant temperature.
If for instance the water for heating purposes is led into the apparatus with a
temperature of 95° C., the liquid will be heated to about 90° C. and if ice water is
used as a cooling agent the temperature of the liquid will then sink to about,
freezing point.
In order to prevent unnecessary loss of heat the group of tubes A is surrounded
with a lagging of hair, felt or any other suitable material.
The cleaning and sterilizing of the apparatus may be made in the following
manner;
Immediately after having used the apparatus the tubes a of both groups are
filled with a solution of water and soda or lime and the cock n is closed.
Boiling
water is now allowed to pass through the tubes 6 of both groups, until the
thermometers are standing near boiling point whereupon the admission of water is
stopped. After a little while the soda or lime water is emptied through the cock n,
the covers i and plugs k k¹ are removed and the tubes a are cleaned with a tube
brush. The connecting pipe m the cock n as well as all the covers and screw links
must be cleaned and left for some time in boiling water, whereupon the apparatus
is again put together. The tubes a are now filled with clean water which for some
time is kept at boiling point through letting boiling water pass through the mantles
or tubes b. If then the water is emptied through the cock n the apparatus will be
perfectly clean and sterilized and consequently ready for use again,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
Apparatus for Pasteurizing liquids characterized by the combination of two
alike-constructed groups of tubes, one for heating and the other for cooling
purposes which groups are connected by means of a pipe and each consisting of
horizontal tubes a, being connected two and two by means of chambers d provided
with covers i, the liquid passing through said tubes, one after the other, each tube a
being surrounded by a mantle or tube b, these latter tubes being connected two
and two by means of hollow connecting pieces thus allowing the water to pass
through the apparatus in a direction opposite to the direction of the liquid,
whereby this latter gets heated or cooled by degrees, without the liquid coming
into contact with the atmosphere, all arranged in such a manner, that all surfaces
touched by the liquid may easily be cleaned and sterilized substantially as
.described and shown.
JENSEN & SON,
77 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.