CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER CLOSETS
Year: 1829

page_text: I TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HAYWARD.
TYLER, of Warwick Lane, in the City of London, Brass Founder, being one
of the people called Quakers, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-third day of September, in the tenth year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Hayward Tyler, His special licence that I, the said Hayward Tyler,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Hayward Tyler, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
WATER CLOSETS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging.
me, the said Hayward Tyler, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in. what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the
same to be enrolled in His said Majesty's High Court. of Chancery within.
two calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will.
more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Hayward Tyler, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into effect, are particularly described and
ascertained in manner following, reference being had to the Three Sheets of
Drawings hereunto annexed (that is to say) :-
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8; in Sheet I. of the Drawings; represents-a
water closet constructed according to me of my improvements, Figure 1 being
a perspective view thereof; Figure 2 a transverse section; Figure 8 a
horizontal plan of the closet, with the basin removed; and Figures 4,-5,
and 6, views_of_particular parts detached. R, R, S, S, Figures 1 and 2, is
the cast-iron frame on which all the parts of the machanism are mounted.
The part R, R, of the frame is an upright plate, with projecting ribs or
feathers to give it stiffness, and unite it strongly to the horizontal part S, S,
which is bedded, on the floor. where the water closet is to be fixed, and is
screwed fast down thereto. Both the parts R, R, and S, S, of the frame
are cast in one piece. Tis an upright lead pipe, passing down through a hole
in the ground plate S, S, to convey the soil and water down from the bason A
into the trap U, from whence it passes away through the soil pipe V, in the
usual manner of other. water,closets. The pipe T is fastened to the plate .S, S,
by a flange-and-screws. E-is-a-circular-leaden,dish, firmly-united-to-the-upper.
end of the upright pipe T. The dish Exis: steadied by an' upright_pillar,
affixed to the plate S, S. The bason A is nearly the same as-is usual, in other
water closets: It terminates at the bottom with a short neck, which is set,with,
putty or cement into a brass socket.b. That socket is 'fixed' on and soldered
to a circular brass plate B, which forms the cover of "the circular dish E, and
which cover 'is fastened to the dish, by screw bolts .applied around, their cir-
cumference. Under the circular plate B a flat circular plate or turning, valve
C is applied so as to be within the hollow of the dish E. A short central
axis g, which projects from the upper side of the plate C, passes up through
a corresponding socket in the centre of the circular plate B, the short s
axis 'g being fitted into the socket:.d in the manner of the, plug of a cock..
The upper surface of the circular turning valve C is accurately. fitted to the
under surface of the cover plate: B, and the two surfaces apply in'close contact
with each other. A circular hole f, Figure 4, is made through the circular
turning valve C, that hole being of the same size as the aperture-through the s
socket 6, under the neck of the. bason; The centre. of that aperture; and
the centre of the hole'fs are equally distant from the centre of the; axis g,..
and therefore by moving the circular turning valve C 'round' about, its centre g
the hole may be so placed as to correspond.exactly with the apperture.
-
"

page_text: through the socket beneath the bason, whereby a clear passage will be opened
to discharge the contents of the basin downwards through the pipe T, or
by moving the circular turning valve C round about its centre. g rather more
than one fourth of a revolution from the position aforesaid the hole f
will be carried away in a circular path from its correspondence with the
aperture under the basin, and a solid part of the circular turning valve C
will be brought beneath that aperture, so as to close the same; and completely
stop the passage from the bason A into the pipe T. To give motion to the
circular.turning valve C, and cause it to open and shut the passage from the
basin A, as above described, a sector or portion of a toothed wheel D is
fixed fast in a horizontal position upon a square part of the central axis g
of the turning valve, where that axis projects up through the socket d, see
Figure 2. The central part of the sector D applies upon the top of the
socket d, se Figure 2; and a nut i, which is screwed upon a screw formed in
the upper end of the axis-g, fastens the sector D firmly.ön the square of the
axis g. The same nut also holds the axis g in its socket, and thereby keeps
the circular turning valve-C in such close contact with the under surface of
the fixed plate B that water cannot pass between the two. surfaces, and yet
they are not-bound so tight together as to impede the motion which is required
to be given to the turning valve. The teeth of the sector D are engaged by
the teeth of another corresponding sector F, which is fixed.in.a vertical
position on a horizontal axis l. One end of that axis is supported in.a
suitable bearing: formed in the upright part R; R, of the cast-iron frame;
the other end is supported by a bracket t, which is screwed to that framé.
The extremity of the axis projects out beyond the frame (see Figures 1 and 2),
and a lever handle K.is fixed fast upon it. That handle rises up through
a long narrow opening in a flat pláte m, which is fastened by screw bolts to
the outside of the upright frame R. By moving the lever handle. K back-
wards or forwards from one end of the opening in the plate .m. to the other
end.thereof, the teeth of the sector F will communicate a proper extent of
circular motion to the sector D, and consequently to the circular turning.
valve C, to cause it to open or shut the passage completely; for instance, when
the handle is drawn as far as it can come towards that. end of the plate:m
which is marked "open (in Figure 1); the hole-f.through. the circular
valve C:will coincide exactly with the aperture beneath the basin, and leave
a clear passage from the basin A down through the pipe.T into the trap U;
but when the handle K is pushed-back as. fár as it will go towards that end
of the-plate m which is marked "shut," as it is represented in Figure 1,
the circular välve C will have been turned round about its axis g so as to

page_text: .
up
carry the hole f away from under the aperture beneath the basin into the
position marked by the dotted circle, Number 4, in Figure 6, and a solid part of
the turning valve C will be brought beneath that aperture, so as to entirely close
the passage from the basin to the trap, as in Figure 2.. G is the pipe
to bring water down from, an elevated reservoir or cistern, in order to wash
out the interior of the bason A every time that its contents are to be dis-
charged. The cistern is constructed in the usual manner, and a stop valve at
the bottom thereof must be opened to admit the water into the usual kind
of service box at the upper end of the pipe G, whenever the handle K is
moved to that end of the groove- which is marked "open" in Figure 1. To
open that stop valve a roller 1 is fixed on the axis 7 of the handle K, to wind
up a chain on the circumference of the roller 1. The upper end. of the
chain is made fast to the roller, and its lower end is connected by a wire or
rod 3 to one arm of a bell crank 4, which is mounted on a bracket 5, screwed
to the ground plate S. From the other arm of this bell crank a rod or wire
is carried up to the cistern, and is there connected in the usual manner with
the valve which admits water from the cistern into the service box at the
upper end of the pipe G. When the handle K is moved towards the word
open," see Figure 1, the roller 1, winding up the chain, draws up one
arm of the bell,crank 4, and the other arm pulls down the wire 7, so as
to open the valve at the bottom of the reservoir, and allow the water to flow
into the service box, from whence it descends through the pipe G, and
rushes through the opening n into the bason A. H is the usual over-flow
pipe from the upper part of the bason A, to allow the water to escape when
it rises too high. The pipe H joins with a loop or inverted syphon to the
pipe T below the circular turning valve C. Note. When the circular
turning valve C is shut, it should always retain a few inches depth of water in
the basin, as shewn in Figure 2, to prevent any smell arising up from
Figures 7 and 8 shew the manner of joining the water pipe G to
the bason. A projecting lip O is formed round the mouth of the upper part
of the basin where the pipe G is. to be joined, and the short length W, with
which the pipe terminates, is adapted to receive the projecting lip O within it.
The flange part P of W, which projects around its cavity, "applies flat against
the outside surface of the bason, the surface at that part not being glazed, but
made rough with cross cuts, in order to give hold to the putty or cement
which is interposed between the outside of the lip Ọ and the inside of the
cavity at the end of W, and also between the flange P and the rough outside
of the bason. The pipe W is firmly fastened to the basin by four screws,
which pass through holes in the basin, and screw into four bosses which
the trap.

page_text: project out from the flange of W, or nuts may be screwed on the ends of
those screws where they come through. Three of those screews also pass
through the usual plate of metal 6, and serve to fasten it withinside the
basin opposite to the entrance for the water, in order to distribute the stream
in a broad thin sheet around the inside of the basin, so as to wash it effectually.
The short length W of the pipe is made of brass, and it may be joined to the
end of the leaden pipe G, either by soldering, as shewn in Figure 2, or by a
screw joint of the kind called an union joint, as shewn in Figure 1. Note.-
The circular plate B, which forms the cover to the circular dish E, has a shall
rim projecting downwards from its under surface, to give strength to the
plate, and prevent it from springing or bending. The circular turning valve C
is surrounded by that rim, which, by entering into the hollow of the circular
dish E, retains the putty or cement that is imposed between the border of
the dish and its cover B from getting to the valve. And I do hereby declare
that the improvement which I claim as my invention, in respect to the water
closet represented in Sheet I., and herein-before described, is application of a
circular turning valve (of the kind herein-before described) in order to open
or shut the passage from the bottom of the basin. The toothed sectors and
other parts which I have applied to give motion to such circular turning
valve, and also the particular mode of putting the several parts together, may
be greatly varied without departing from the nature of my Invention.
Sheet 2 of the Drawings represents a water closet constructed according to
another of my improvements. Figure 9 is an outside view thereof, Figure 10
a section, and Figures 11 and 12 are plans of the lower parts. The construc-
tion of the basin A, with its water pipe G and over flow pipe H, is sufficiently
apparent in the Drawing. The neck at the lower part of the basin A is
cemented into a socket 6, at the upper side of a metal plate B, which forms
the cover of a close cast-iron box or container C. The form of the cover B
and container C are shown in the plans thereof (Figure 11 and 12). c, in
Figure 10, is a conical metal ring, which is put down into the socket 6 before
the neck of the basin is cemented in; a small rim, which projects around the
outside upper edge of the ring c, fits into the bottom part of the socket b, and
the lower part of the ring c descends through the cover B into the container C,
so as to form a continuation from the aperture of the bottom of the basin down-
wards, the lower orifice of the ringe being the passage by which the contents of
the basin are to be discharged downwards into the container C." That passage
is closed by means of a saucer valve e, which is affixed by one part of its
circumference to a horizontal axis g, that passes across the inside of the
container C; and one end of the axis projects through the side of the container,

page_text: in order to give motion, by suitable mechanism to the saucer valve.e, whenever
the passage is required to be opened and; shut. When the saucer valve is
turned by its' axis gso, as to stand in a horizontal position, its upper circular
edge applies closely beneath a circular ring of leather at the under side, of. the
cover B, around the outside of the metal ring c (Figure 10.) To fasten that
leather in its place, a spiral thread or screw. is cut on the outside of the
ring C, and a thin-brass-ring, with a corresponding-screw-cut-in-its-inside-is
screwed on the outside of the ring C, after the leather, in the manner of a nut,
so as to confine the leather, and also the ring. c-firmly against. the under side
of 'the cover plate.B. The edge of the saucer valve e, being pressed upwards,
in close contact with the leather with a sufficient force, will shut the passage
from the bottom of the basin in the manner of a valve, so as to, retain a
considerable depth of water within the basin, as represented in Figure 10.
But when the saucer valve is turned by its axis g into a vertical position, as
shewn by dotted lines in Figure 10, it leaves the passage from the bottom.of
the basin entirely open, in order to; discharge its contents.. The water, which
was retained in the basin whilst the saucer valve e was shut begins to run
out as soon as the edge of the saucer valve, descends. from .its, contact, with
the. leather, but the saucer valve. being opened suddenly, the water runs,out
with a gush, whereby the whole contents of the basin .are, carried down.
_with_ certainty, and nothing is likely to lodge in the saucer valve. But if
paper should change to hung to the edge of the saucer valve, or if any
other. impediment should prevent a proper contact between that edge and the
leather, nevertheless the, saucer will retain as much water within, it as will
keep 'the, lower orifice of the, ring c immersed beneath the surface, and thus:
prevent the ascent of any offensive smell from the container upwards.
The loaded lever D. by which the saucer valve e is retained in the horizontal
position, Figure 10, so as to close the passage, or by which the saucer. valve
is opened into the dotted position, Figure; 10; very similar to what is
commonly used in pan closets, and needs little description. beyond what is
obvious from the Drawing. The saucer valve is soldered by one part
of its circumference to a flap which projects out from the axis q. The
bearings for that. axis are fastened to the, under side of the cover plate B by
nuts on the outside of that cover. The end of the axis 9 which projects
out beyond the side of the container C has a grooved crank h, fixed fast upon
it. The loaded lever D is moveable, about a centre pin in a bracket i, which
is screwed to a projecting part of the cover. plate B and a pin n, which.
projects out sideways from the lever D, passes through the curved grooved of
the crank h. The pin is adapted to slide in that groove, so that it may act upon
'

page_text: the crank h at a greater distance from its centré of motion when the saucer
valve-is horizontal and shut, and at a smaller distance therefrom when the
saucer valve, is vertical and open. An upright rod K, with a handle m at its
upper end, isjointed to the loaded lever, D at 2, and a weight:3 is formed
on the extreme end of the lever to urge it downwards:: When the lever is in the
position, Figure 9,. the saucer valve, is horizontal, as in Figure:10, and its edge
is in close contact with the leather. The pin n of the lever. Dithen acts to press
obliquely to the direction of the groove in the crank h, in the manner of an inclined
plane, and also the pinnacts at that end of 'the groove, which is most distant
from the centre of motion. By the concurrence of those causes the weight of
the loaded lever D. acts with a great, increase of force to turn the crank h
round its axis, and press the saucer valve, firmly upwards against the leather;
so as to ensure the close contact of its edge with that leather! The handle:m,
at the upper end of the rod. K, is,lodged in a brass box l, which is let into, the
wood seat of the closet.. When the handle,m is pulled upwards it raises the
loaded lever.D, and the projecting pin n, which connects, the lever D with the
crank.h, rises within the curved groove of the crank obliquely to the direction
of that groove, so as to turn the crank, round; together with the axis 'g;ito
which the saucer valve e is fixed, whereby that saucer valve is turned down-
wards towards its vertical position; but as the pin in advances along the
groove, of the crank h, it approaches nearer to the center of motion thereof;
and also the direction of the pressure of the pin becomes/transversely, across:
the breadth of the groove. instead of obliquely, whereby the pinnacts.to.turn
the crank h,round in the manner of a lever,, instead of an inclined plane;" and
therefore it throws, the saucer valve down into its vertical position very sud-
denly,, so as to give the contents of the basin the best chance of being-com-
pletely discharged by, an instantaneous gush, which will carry everything, down,
and avoid any chance of the saucer valve affording a lodgement for soil or
paper. The water, cistern, and the pipe Gato convey water from it to the
basin, are constructed as usualyin other water closets, and need no description.
The wire by which. the water valve: is, opened is to be connected: with the
loaded lever Dat, the loop Win, the usual manner. Also the fixing of the
watercloset to the floor by screws through the projecting feet at the bottom 'ofi
the container C, and the joining of the pipe-át the bottom of the fcontainer to.
the trap, is done in the usual manner. The saucer e may be made of copper
or brass, tinned withinside, its upper edge being-truly turned to fit to.the
leather; and instead of leather india: rubber may be used: The ring; c'may
be made of brass. The container; C and its. cover B may be made, öntirely, of
cast iron, as usual in pap closets; but it is of a much smaller size. The cover B

page_text: has a border rim projecting downwards from its under surface all round near
its.outside, and the edge of the container has a corresponding groove all round
to, receive that rim, and, also to contain the cement by which the joint is made
air-tight. And instead of fixing the saucer valve e fast to the projecting flap of
the axis g, it may be attached thereto by means of a prominent knob at the
centre of the bottom of the saucer, that knob being lodged in a corresponding
cavity at the end of an arm which projects out from the axis 'g, as is shewn in
Figures 13.and 14, and the knob being retained within the socket by a screw
with a broad flat head. The end of the flap around the socket must be so
close under the flat bottom of the saucer as only to allow the saucer to rock or
move a very little about the knob, but just so much as to make the edge of
the saucer valve apply truly to the leather.
And I do hereby declare that the improvement which I claim as my Inven-
tion, in respect to the water closet represented in Sheet II., and herein-before
described; is the application of leather or other suitable substance for the upper
edge of the saucer valve, to fit to, in the manner of a valve, for the purpose of
retaining as much depth of water in the basin as can be required, such saucer
valve being at the same time adapted to retain as much water within its
concavity as will effectually immerse the lower orifice of the passage from the
_bottom of the basin, and thereby close that. passage in the manner of a-pan
closet, whenever the-fitting of the edge of the saucer to the leather (or other
suitable substance) becomes so imperfect as not to retain water, whereby this
improvement. combines all-the advantages of a valve water closet with those of
a pan water closet; (that is to say;). whilst the fitting of the edge of the saucer
valve to the leather (or other suitable substance) remains perfect, water will
be retained in the basin as.in a valve closet, and the saucer valve will not be
liable to become leaky by long use; but when it does leak from any causė
there will always be enough. depth of water retained in the saucer to stop the
passage of offensive smells: And whereas the structure of the various parts of
the water closet represented in Sheet II. is very similar to the parts of other
water closets which have been made heretofore, I make no claim to Invention
in respect thereof, beyond the making of the edge of the saucer fit close to the
under side of the leather or other suitable substance in the manner of a valve,
in order to obtain the good qualities of a valve water closet and of a pan water
closet, as above stated.
The construction of this my improvement may be greatly varied without
departing from the essential property of my Invention. For instance,
Figures 15,16, and 17, in Sheet III., represent another water closet, con-
structed according to my last-mentioned improvement. The action of the

page_text: different parts is the same as already described, and their forms and dimen-
sions, being apparent in the Drawing, need but little description. The basin A
is made with a long taper neck at bottom, which reaches down into the hollow
of the saucer valve e, near to the bottom thereof. The saucer valve e is made
deeper than that represented in Sheet II., in order that it may retain a greater
depth of water within its cavity, in case the edge of the saucer valve fails to fit
so close beneath the leather as to retain water; and in consequence of the
greater depth of the saucer valve, it must be larger in diameter, and the con-
tainer C must be larger than that in Sheet II. The saucer valve e may be
fixed fast to the flap which projects out from its axis g, as represented in the
Drawing, or it may be poised upon a prominent knob at the centre of the
circular bottom of the saucer in the manner herein-before described, of
Figures 13 and 14, that prominent knob being received into a corresponding
socket at the end of a projecting arm. The ring of leather is fastened to the
under side of the cover B of the container by means of a short brass tube c,
which passes up through the aperture in the leather, and also through the
cover plate B, into the socket 6, which is to receive the neck of the basin. The
brass tube c has a projecting rim round its lower edge, to hold the leather; and
a ring is screwed on the upper end of the tube c, in the manner of a nut, to
draw the tube upwards, and hold the leather in its place.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hayward Tyler, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine
HAYWARD (L.S.) TYLER.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-third day of November,
in the year of our Lord 1829, the aforesaid Hayward Tyler came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-third day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HAYWARD..
ITLER, of Warwick Lane, in the City of London, Brass Founder, being one
the people called Quakers, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date.
Westminster, the Twenty-third day of September, in the tenth year of His
eign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
he said Hayward Tyler, His special licence that I, the said Hayward Tyler,
by executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said.
Hayward Tyler, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
gree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
arm of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
xercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
WATER CLOSETS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging
me, the said Hayward Tyler, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the
sane to be enrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery. within
two calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference.being thereunto had, will
at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the mid
Hayward Tyler, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention
and the manner of carrying-the same into-effect,-are-particularly described said
ascertained in manner following, reference being had to the Three Sheets if
Drawings hereunto annexed (that is to say):-
..
S
through the socket bene
to discharge the conte
by-moving the circular
than one fourth of
will be carried away,
aperture under the bas
will be brought beneath
stop the
passage from
circular turning valve
basin' A, as above des
fixed fast in a horizont
of the turning valve,
Figure 2. The centr
socket d, se Figure 2
the upper end of the a
the circular turning val
they are not bound'so t
to be given to the turn
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, in Sheet I. of the Drawings, represents a
water closet constructed according to me of my improvements, Figure 1 being
a perspective view thereof; Figure 2 a transverse section; Figuro s
horizontal plan of the closet, with the basin removed;
and Figures
and 6, views of particular parts detached, R, R, S, S, Figures 1 and
the cast-iron frame on which all the parts of the machanism are mounte
The part R, R, of the frame is an upright plate, with projecting ribe
feathers to give it stiffness, and unite it strongly to the horizontal part S. S
which is bedded on the floor where the water closet is to be fixed, and
screwed fast down thereto. Both the parts R, R, and S, 5, of the frame
are cast in one piece. T is an upright lead pipe, passing down through a bolaxis 9. The same nut
in the ground plate S, S, to convey the soil and water down from the basan A
into the trap U, from whence it passes away through the soil pipe Vthe fixed plate B that
usual manner of other water closets. The pipe T is fastened to the plate SS,
by a flange and screws. E is a circular leaden dish, firmly united to the upper
end of the upright pipe-T. The dish E is steadied by an upright pillar,
affixed to the plate S, S. The bason A is nearly the same as is usual in
water closets. It terminates at the bottom with a short neck, which is
putty or cement into a brass socket b. That socket is fixed on and
to a circular brass plate B, which forms the cover of the circular dish.
which cover is fastened to the dish: by screw bolts applied around their
cumference: Under the circular plate B a flat circular plate or turning
Cis applied so as to be within the hollow of the dish E.. A short
9, which projects from the upper side of the plate C, passes:up:
a corresponding socket d, in the centre of the circular plate Bt
axis g being fitted into the socket d in the manner of the plug of a
The upper surface of the circular turning valve C..is accurately fitted to t
under surface of the cover plate B, and the two surfaces apply in close contact
with each other. A circular hole f. Figure 4, i made through the circ
turning valve C, that hole being of the same size as the aperture through
socket 6, under the neck of the boson. The centre of that aperture,
the centre of the hole f, are equally distant from the centre of the axis.
and therefore by moving the circular turning valve C round about its centre
the hole may be so placed as to correspond exactly with the apperture
axis
.i
the teeth of another
position on a horizon
suitable bearing forme
the other end is supp
The extremity of the a
and a lever handle K
a long narrow-opening
the outside of the upri
wards or forwards from
end thereof, the teeth
circular motion to th
valve C, to cause it to
the handle K is drawn
which is marked "
3315-valve C. will coincide
a clear passage from t
but when the handle
of the plate m which
the circular valve-

page_text: axis
rough the socket beneath the bason, whereby a clear passage w
discharge the contents of the basin downwards through the pipe T, or
y moving the circular turning valve C round about its centre g rather more
han one fourth of a revolution from the position aforesaid the hole f
ill be carried away in a circular path from its correspondence with the
perture under the basin, and a solid part of the circular turning valve C
will be brought beneath that aperture, so as to close the same, and completely
from the bason A into the pipe T. To give motion to the
stop the
passage
circular turning valve C, and cause it to open and shut the passage from the
basin A, as above described, a sector or portion of a toothed wheel D is
fixed fast in a horizontal position upon a square part of the central axis g
of the turning valve, where that axis projects up through the socket d, see
Figure 2. The central part of the sector D applies upon the top of the
socket d, se Figure 2; and a nut i, which is screwed upon a screw formed in
the upper end of the axis g, fastens the sector D firmly on the square of the
is g. The same nut also holds the axis g in its socket, and thereby keeps
the circular turning valve C in such close contact with the under surface of
the fixed plate B that water cannot pass between the two surfaces, and yet
they are not bound so tight together as to impede the motion which is required
to be given to the turning valve. The teeth of the sector D are engaged by
_the teeth of another corresponding sector F, which is fixed in a vertical
position on a horizontal axis l. One end of that axis is supported in a
suitable bearing formed in the upright part R, R, of the cast-iron frame;
the other end is supported by a bracket t, which is screwed to that frame.
5. The extremity of the axis 7 projects out beyond the frame (see Figures 1 and 2),
and a lever handle K is fixed fast upon it. That handle rises up through
a long narrow opening in a flat plate m, which is fastened by screw bolts to
the outside of the upright frame R. By moving the lever handle K back-
wards or forwards from one end of the opening in the plate m to the other
to end thereof, the teeth of the sector. F will communicate a proper extent of
circular motion to the sector D, and consequently to the circular turning
valve C, to cause it to open or shut the passage completely; for instance, when
the handle K is drawn as far as it can come towards that end of the plate m
which is marked "open" (in Figure 1), the hole f through the circula
15 valve C will coincide exactly with the aperture beneath the basin, and leav
a clear passage from the basin A down through the pipe T into the trap U
but when the handle K is pushed back as far as it will go towards that en
of the plate m which is marked "shut," as it is represented in Figure
the circular valve C will have been turned round about its axis g so as

page_text: "
carry the hole faway from under the aperture beneath the basin into the
position marked by the dotted circle, Number 4, in Figure 6; and a solid part of
the turning valve C will be brought beneath that aperture, so as to entirely clase
up the passage from the basin to the trap, as in Figure 2. Gis the pipa
to-bring-water down from an elevated reservoir or cistern, in order to wash s
out the interior of the bason A every time that its contents are to be dis
charged. The cistern is constructed in the usual manner, and a stop valve as
the bottom thereof must be opened to admit the water into the usual kind.
of service box at the upper end of the pipe G, whenever the handle. Kis
moved to that end of the groove which is marked "open" in. Figure 1.
open that stop valve a roller 1 is fixed on the axis of the handle K, t
up a chain on the circumference of the roller 1. The upper end of
chain is made fast to the roller, and its lower end is connected by a
rod 8 to one arm of a bell crank 4, which is mounted on a bracket
to the ground plate S. From the other arm of this bell crank
is carried up to the cistern, and is there connected in the usual manner
the valve which admits water from the cistern into the service-box at
upper end of the pipe G. When the handle K is moved towards the word
"open," see Figure 1, the roller 1, winding up the chain, draws
arm of the bell crank 4, and the other arm pulls down-the-wire 7,
to open the valve at the bottom of the reservoir, and allow the water,
into the service. box, from whence it. descends through the pipe
rushes-through-the-opening. n into the bason A. H is the usual
pipe from the upper part of the bason A, to allow the water to escape v
it rises too high. The pipe H joins with a loop or inverted syphon to
pipe T below the circular turning valve C. Note: When the
turning valve C is shut, it should always retain a few inches depth of wate
the basin, as shewn in Figure 2, to prevent any smell, arising
the trap. Figures 7 and 8 shew the manner of joining the water pipe
the bason. A projecting lip. O is formed round the mouth of the upper
of the basin where the pipe G is to be joined, and the short length W
which the pipe terminates, is adapted to receive the projecting.lip O within it
The flange part, P of W, which projects around its cavity, applies-flat agains
the outside surface of the bason, the surface at that part not being glazed,
made rough with cross cuts, in order to give hold to the putty or cen
which is interposed between the outside of the lip O and the inside of
cavity at the end of W, and also between the flange, P-and the rough outside
of the bason. The pipe W is firmly fastened, to the basin by four.
which pass through holes in the basin, and screw into four bosses. which
project out fr
those screws
through the
: basin, opposite
5 in a broad thi
The short leng
end of the le
screw joint of
The circular
10 rim projectin
plate, and pre
is surrounded
dish E, retai
"the dish and
15 that the imp
closet repres
circular turni
or shut the
other parts:
20-valve, and al
be greatly va
Sheet 2 o
another of m
a section, ar
25 tion of the 1
apparent in
cemented in
the cover of
and contain
30 Figure 10,
the neck of
outside upp
the lower...p
so as to form
35 wards, the
the basin a
isclosed
circumfere
container

page_text: roject out from the flange of W, or nuts may be screwed on the ends of
hose screws where they come through. Three of those screews also pass
hrough the usual plate of metal 6, and serve to fasten it withinside the
asin opposite to the entrance for the water, in order to distribute the stream
n a broad thin sheet around the inside of the basin, so as to wash it effectually.
The short length W of the pipe is made of brass, and it may be joined to the
end of the leaden pipe G, either by soldering, as shewn in Figure 2, or by a
screw joint of the kind called an union joint, as shewn in Figure 1. Note.-
The circular plate B, which forms the cover to the circular dish E, has a shall
rim projecting downwards from its under surface, to give strength to the
plate, and prevent it from springing or bending. The circular turning valve C
is surrounded by that rim, which, by entering into the hollow of the circular
dish E, retains the putty or cement that is imposed between the border of
the dish and its cover B from getting to the valve. And I do hereby declare
that the improvement which I claim as my invention, in respect to the water
closet represented in Sheet I., and herein-before described, is application of a
circular turning valve (of the kind herein-before described) in order to open
or shut the passage from the bottom of the basin. The toothed sectors and
other parts which I have applied to give motion to such circular turning
0 valve, and also the particular mode of putting the several parts together, may
be greatly varied without departing from the nature of my Invention.
Sheet 2 of the Drawings represents a water closet constructed according to
another of my improvements. Figure 9 is an outside view thereof, Figure 10
a section, and Figures 11 and 12 are plans of the lower parts. The construc-
25 tion of the basin A, with its water pipe G and over flow pipe H, is sufficiently
apparent in the Drawing. The neck at the lower part of the basin A is
cemented into a socket b, at the upper side of a metal plate B, which forms
the cover of a close cast-iron box or container C. The form of the cover E
and container C are shewn in the plans thereof (Figure 11 and 12). c, i
30 Figure 10, is a conical metal ring, which is put down into the socket 6 befor
the neck of the basin is cemented in; a small rim, which projects around th
outside upper edge of the ring c, fits into the bottom part of the socket b, an
the lower part of the ring c descends. through the cover B into the container (
so as to form a continuation from the aperture of the bottom of the basin dow
35 wards, the lower orifice of the ring c being the passage by which the contents
the basin are to be discharged downwards into the container C. That passa
is closed by means of a saucer valve e, which is affixed by one part of
circumference to a horizontal axis g, that passes across the inside of t
container C; and one end of the axis projects through the side of the contain

page_text: in order to give motion by suitable mechanism to the saucer valve e, whenever.
the passage is required to be opened and shut. When the saucer valve is
turned by its axis g so as to stand in a horizontal position, its upper circuler,
edge applies closely beneath a circular ring of leather. at the under side of the
cover B, around the outside of the metal ring (Figure 10.) To fasten that
leather in its place, a spiral thread or screw is cut on the outside of
ring C, and a thin brass ring, with a corresponding screw cut in its inside, in
screwed on the outside of the ring C, after the leather, in the manner of
so as to confine the leather, and also the ring c firnily against the under
of the cover plate B. The edge of the saucer valve; e, being pressed
in close contact with the leather with sufficient force, will shut the
from the. bottom of the basin in the manner of a valve, so as to
considerable-depth-of-water-within-the-basin,,-as-represented
.
in.)
But when the saucer valve is, turned by its axis.g into a vertical
shewn by dotted lines in Figure 10, it leaves the passage from the bo
the basin entirely open, in order to discharge its contents. The
was retained in the basin whilst the saucer valve was shut begins
out as soon as the edge of the saucer valve descends from its contact
the leather, but the saucer valve being opened suddenly, the-water runs
with a gush, whereby the whole contents of the basin are carried down
with certainty, and nothing is likely to lodge in the saucer valve & Bat if
paper should change to hung to the edge of the saucer valve, or if
other impediment should prevent a proper contact between that edge and the
leather; nevertheless the saucer will retain as much water within it as wil
keep the lower orifice of the ring c immersed beneath the surface, and thus
prevent the ascent of any offensive smell from the container, up
The loaded lever D by which the saucer valve e is retained in the hor
position, Figure 10; so as to close the passage, or by which the sau
is opened into the dotted position, Figure 10; is very similar to
commonly used in pan closets, and needs little description beyond
obvious from the Drawing. The saucer.. valve is soldered by one
of its circumference to a flap which projects out from the axis 7.
bearings for that axis are fastened to the under side of the cover plate
nuts on the outside of that cover. The end of the axis g which projects
out beyond the side of the container C has a grooved crank.h, fixed fast
it. The loaded lever D is moveable about a centre pin in a bracket i,
is screwed to a projecting part of the cover plate B and a pin wh
projects out sideways from the lever D, passes through, the curved grooved of
the crank h. The pin is adapted to slide in that groove, so that it may act upon

page_text: crank h at a greater distance from its centre of motion when tuo
e is horizontal and shut, and at a smaller distance therefrom when the
cer valve is vertical and open. An upright rod K, with a handle m at its
per end, is jointed to the loaded lever D at 2, and a weight 3 is formed
the extreme end of the lever to urge it downwards. When the lever is in the
ition, Figure 9, the saucer valve e is horizontal, as in Figure 10, and its edge
in close contact with the leather. The pin n of the lever D then acts to press
liquely to the direction of the groove in the crank h, in the manner of an inclined
ane, and also the pin n acts at that end of the groove. which is most distant
om the centre of motion. By the concurrence of those causes the weight of
e loaded lever D acts with a great increase. of force to turn the crank. h
und its axis, and press the saucer valve firmly upwards against. the leather,
as to ensure the close contact of its edge with that leather. The handle-m,
the upper end of the rod K, is lodged in a brass box l, which. is let into the
ood seat of the closet. When the handle m is pulled upwards it raises the
aded lever. D, and the projecting pin n, which connects the lever D with the
rank h, rises within the curved groove of the crank.obliquely to the direction:
of that groove, so as to turn the crank round, together with: the axis g, to
which the saucer valve e is fixed, whereby that saucer valve is. turned.down-
wards towards its vertical position; but as the pin n advances along the
groove of the crank h, it approaches nearer to the center of motion. thereof,
and also the direction of the pressure of the pin becomes transversely across:
the breadth of the groove instead of. obliquely, whereby the pin n acts to turn
the crank h round in the manner of a lever, instead of an inclined plane, and.
therefore it throws the saucer valve down. into its vertical position very sud-
denly, so as to give the contents of the basin the best chance of being com-
pletely discharged by an instantaneous gush, which will carry everything down,
and avoid any chance of the saucer. valve affording a lodgement for soil or
The water cistern, and the pipe G to convey water from it to the
paper.
basin, are constructed as usual in other water closets, and need no description.
The wire by which the water valve is opened is to be connected with the
loaded lever D at the loop W in the usual manner. Also the fixing of the
watercloset to the floor by screws through the projecting feet at the bottom of
the container C, and the joining of the pipe at the bottom of the container to
5 the trap, is done in the usual manner. The saucer e may be made of coppe
or brass, tinned withinside, its upper edge being truly turned to fit to th
leather; and instead of leather india rubber may be used. The ring c ma
be made of brass. The container C and its cover B may be made entirely
cast iron, as usual in pan closets, but it is of a much smaller size. The cover

page_text: has a border rim projecting downwards from its under surface all round near
its outside, and the edge of the container has a corresponding groove all round
to receive that rim, and also to contain the cement by which the joint is made
air-tight. And instead of fixing the saucer valve e fast to the projecting flap of
the axis g, it may be attached thereto by means of a prominent knob at the
centre of the bottom of the saucer, that knob being lodged in a corresponding
cavity at the end of an arm which projects out from the axis g, as is shewn in
Figures 18 and 14, and the knob being retained within the socket by a screws.
with a broad flat head. The end of the flap around the socket must-be-so-
close under the flat bottom of the saucer as only to allow the saucer to rock of
move a very little about the knob, but just. so much as to make the edge of
the saucer valve apply truly to the leather.
And I do hereby declare that the improvement which I claim as my Inven
tion, in respect to the water closet represented in Sheet II., and herein-before
described, is the application of leather or other suitable substance for the upper
edge of the saucer valve 'to fit to, in the manner of a valve, for the purpose
retaining as much depth of water in the basin as can be required; such saucer
valve being at the same time adapted to retain. as, much water within its
concavity as will.effectually immerse the lower orifice of the passage from the
bottom of the basin, and thereby close that passage in the manner of a pan
closet, whenever the fitting of the edge of the saucer to the leather (or other-
suitable substance) becomes so imperfect as not to retain water, whereby this
improvement combines all the advantages of a valve water closet with those of
a pan water closet (that is.to say,) whilst the fitting of the edge of the sauc
valve to the leather (or other suitable substance) remains perfect, water w
be retained in the basin as in a valve closet, and the saucer valve will not be
liable to become leaky by long use; but when it does leak from any causo
there will always be enough depth-of water retained in the saucer to stop
passage of offensive smells. And whereas the structure of the various parts
the water closet represented in Sheet II. is very similar to the parts of other
water closets. which have been made heretofore, I make no claim to Invention
in-respect thereof, beyond the making of the edge of the saucer fit close to the
under side of the leather or other suitable substance in the manner of a valve
in order to obtain the good qualities of a valve water closet and of a pan water
closet, as above stated.
The construction of this my improvement may be greatly varied without
departing from the essential property of my Invention. For instance,
Figures 15, 16, and 17, in Sheet III., represent another water closet, con
structed according to my last-mentioned improvement. The action of the
13
10
5
15 t
1
1
(
S
C
H
20 d
25
in
61
&
30 to

page_text: different parts is the same as already described, and their forms and dimen-
sions, being apparent in the Drawing, need but little description. The basin A
is made with a long taper neck at bottom, which reaches down into the hollow
of the saucer valve e, near to the bottom thereof. The saucer valve e is made
5 deeper than that represented in Sheet II., in order that it may retain a greater
depth of water within its cavity, in case the edge of the saucer valve fails to fit
so close beneath the leather as to retain water; and in consequence of the
greater depth of the saucer valve, it must be larger in diameter, and the con-
tainer C must be larger than that in Sheet II. The saucer valve & may be
o fixed fast to the flap which projects out from its axis g, as represented in the
Drawing, or it may be poised upon a prominent knob at the centre of the
circular bottom of the saucer in the manner herein-before described, of
Figures 13 and 14, that prominent knob being received into a corresponding
socket at the end of a projecting arm. The ring of leather is fastened to the
5 under side of the cover B of the container by means of a short brass tube c,
which passes up through the aperture in the leather, and also through the
gover plate B, into the socket b, which is to receive the neck of the basin. The
brass tube c has a projecting rim round its lower edge, to hold the leather; and
a ring is screwed on the upper end of the tube c, in the manner of a nut, to
o draw the tube upwards, and hold the leather in its place.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hayward Tyler, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine.