IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen, of 4, Gordon Grove, Holland
Road, Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Engineer and Patent
Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES."-
A communication from abroad by Heinrich Pollack and Albert
Edwin Schmidt, Trading under the Name of Pollack, Schmidt,.
& Co., Hamburg.
Sealed the 1st January 1869, and dated the 6th July 1868..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th July 1868..
I, PETER JENSEN, of 4, Gordon Grove, Holland Road, Brixton, in-
the County of Surrey, Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare.
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES,'
to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to such sewing machines which are
generally designated spool machines. The combination of improvements
herein-after described consist in the following:-The employment of
tooth wheel gearing for the purpose of obtaining a right-handed

page_text: spool hook. The fly wheel (which may be grooved at its periphery
when the machine is not intended to be worked by hand) has fixed
to it by means of pins, screws, or similar means a tooth wheel, which
gears into a pinion on the spindle which works the needle bar.; it also
gears into a pinion on the spool hook spindle. To prevent noise the
wheel is made of one material and the pinions of another material of
a different hardness, for instance, the wheel of soft metal and the pinions
of a hard gutta percha. The needle bar is worked by means of a
slot crank, the crank pin of the same having a steel roller to diminish
the friction. The spool hook spindle carries a double eccentric or
similar contrivance, which actuates the feed bar in such a manner
that the fabric to be sewn passes in a direction contrary to that of
the spool hook, by which means a better stitch is obtained and with
less tension than with a left-handed spool hook. The upright pillar
carrying the bobbin is arranged in the following manner :-Being itself
at its lower extremity screwed in or otherwise removably fixed to part
of the frame carrying the wheel and pinion spindles, it has on its
lower part a ferrule which carries the bobbin. A dish-shaped washer
on the top of this ferrule receives the volute or other spring which
affords the required tension, the same being regulated by means of a
nut on the upper screwed part of the spindle, which nut can me made
to, compress the spring as required. By means of a head on the top
of the pillar the same can be lifted or screwed out of its place and a new
bobbin put on without disturbing the spring or the tension of it each
time. The stitch regulator consists in a lever the fulcrum of which
is fixed on the cloth plate. By taking hold of one end of the lever,
which here has a point and the cloth plate a graduated index, the other
end is made to press the feed bar more or less away from the 'feed
eccentric whichg
gives latéral motion, and thus régulating the length of
the stitch. The needle in this machine is straight and 'so formed that
it can only be put in one way. For this purpose both the needle and
the socket in which it is fixed by means of a set screw are formed
alike and by preference of a circular section, with exception of from
to of their peripheries which are made flat, forming chord 'to the
circle. The needle bottoms in its socket. The bobbin filler is placed
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in the frame of the machine, and is worked by the friction of a pulley
of indian-rubber or similar substance against the rim of "the Hy Wheel;
100.00
the spindle of this filler is so constructed that the same' along with
the indian-rubber pulley on the same "can "be "drawn out of gear. För

page_text: this purpose the spindle has two grooves turned in it, and the space
between them is turned a gentle slope towards each to allow the spring.
(which may be a straight piece of steel wire supported at each end
and pressing with its middle part against the spindle to slide into one
or other of the grooves, the outer sharp corners of said grooves
preventing the spring from letting the spindle be overdrawn one way
or the other. The form of this machine, by reason of the axially
straight and circumferentially round or rounded arm through which
the spindle that works the needle bar passes is such as to afford facility
for taking hold of the machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Jensen in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the Gth January 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
JENSEN, of 4, Gordon Grove, Holland Road, Brixton, in the County
of Surrey, now of 2, Chiswell Street, Finsbury Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, send greeting.
"
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Peter Jensen, Her special licence that
I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES,'
a communication from abroad by Heinrich Pollack and Albert
Edwin Schmidt, trading under the name of Pollack, Schmidt, and
Company, Hamburg, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Peter Jensen, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
1.

page_text: and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Jensen, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
These improvements relate to such sewing machines which are
generally designated spool machines. The combination of improvements
herein-after described consist in the following:-The employment of
tooth wheel gearing for the purpose of obtaining a right-handed spool
hook. The fly wheel (which may be grooved at its periphery when
the machine is not intended to be worked by hand) has fixed to it by
means of screws, pins, or similar means a tooth wheel which gears
into a pinion on the spindle which works the needle bar; it also gears
into a pinion on the spool hook spindle. To prevent noise the wheel
is made of one material and the pinion of another material of a
different hardness, for instance the wheel of soft metal and the pinions
of a hard gutta percha. The needle bar is worked by means of a slot
crank, the crank pin of the same having a steel roller to diminish the
friction. The spool hook spindle carries a double eccentric or similar
contrivance which actuates the feed bar in such a manner that the
fabric to be sewn passes in a direction contrary to that of the spool
hook, by which means a better stitch is obtained and with less tension
than with a left-handed spool hook. The upright pillar carrying the
bobbin is arranged in the following manner :-Being itself at its lower
extremity screwed in or otherwise removably fixed to part of the frame
carrying the wheel and pinion spindles, it has on its lower part a ferrule
which carries the bobbin. A dish-shaped washer on the top of this
ferrule receives the volute or other spring which affords the required
tension; the same is regulated by means of a nut on the
screwed part
of the spindle, which nut can be made to compress the spring as required.
By means of a head on the top of the pillar the same can be lifted
'or screwed out of its place and a new bobbin put on without disturbing
the spring or the tension of it each time. The stitch regulator consists
in a lever the fulcrum of which is fixed on the cloth plate. By taking
hold of one end of this lever, which here has a point and the cloth plate
upper

page_text: a graduated index, the other end is made to press the feed bar more
or less away from the feed eccentric which gives lateral motion, and thus
regulating the length of the stitch. The needle in this machine is
straight and so formed that it can only be put in one way. For this
purpose both the needle and the socket in which it is fixed by means
of a set screw are formed alike, and by preference of a circular section,
with exception of from one-third to one-half its periphery which is
made flat, forming a chord to the circle. The needle bottoms in its
socket. The spool filler is placed in the frame of the machine, and
is worked by the friction of a roller of india-rubber or similar substance
against the rim of the fly wheel; the spindle of this filler is so
constructed that the same along with the india-rubber roller on the
same can be drawn out of gear. For this purpose the spindle has two
grooves turned in it, and the space between them turned a gentle
slope towards each to allow a spring (which may be a straight piece
of steel wire supported at each end and pressing with its middle part
against the spindle) to slide into one or other of the grooves, the outer.
sharp corners of said grooves preventing the spring from letting the.
spindle be overdrawn one way or the other. The form of the machine
by reason of the axially straight and circumferentially round or
rounded arm through which the spindle that works the needle bar
passes is such as to afford facility for taking hold of the machine.
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the same with reference to the accompanying.
Drawings.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of my improved sewing machine;
Figure 2, a side elevation of the same; Figure 3 is part plan shewing
the tension arrangement only; and Figures 4 to 10 shew various details
of the machine.
Motion is communicated to the fly wheel A, Figure 2; fixed to that
is a spur wheel B gearing into the pinion C on the spindle E which
works the needle bar, and also into the pinion D on the spool hook
spindle F. The spindle E has on its other end a dise with a crank
pin having a roller, which works in a slot at the back of the cross bar G
which is fixed on the needle bar by means of a set screw g. The spool.
hook spindle F carries on its other cnd the spool hook I and the feed
eccentrics H, H; these latter work against the feed bar. Figures
:

page_text: 6 and 7 shew the feed arrangement. The regulator consists in a
One end of
lever J having its fulorum fixed to the cloth plate K.
this lever forms a stop for the feed bar; the other end can be adjusted
to graduated positions on the cloth plate by means of teeth on the edge
of the latter being allowed to fall into a corresponding hole in the
lever, which is so light as to easily be sprung from one hole to
the other as desired: The spool hook is right handed and right
working, as will be observed, while the feed causes the fabric to be
sewn to pass in a contrary direction. The needle is shewn to an
enlarged scale in Figures 9, 10, and 11, Figure 9 being an elevation,
Figure 10 a section near the point, and Figure 11 a section of the upper
part which fits and bottoms into a corresponding socket in the needle
bar. The section, Figure 10, may best be explained as forming the
letter H with the lower part of one side cut away, and to make up for
this loss of strength the other side is somewhat thickened. The spool
filler, shewn detached in Figure 8, is placed in the frame of the machine,
its spindle L has a roller of india-rubber M, which by pressing against
the inner rim of the fly wheel A gives motion to the spindle. The roller
with its spindle may be drawn out of gear. For this purpose the spindle
has two grooves o, o, turned in it; a small spring falls in either of
them, forming a stop according to the position of the spindle keeping
it in or out of gear. The tension is arranged in such a way that the
bobbin may be removed and replaced without disturbing it. One
modification of this arrangement is shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 3. The
bobbin P runs on a bent stud Q with a ferrule on fixed to or in
one with the bracket R which is secured to the frame by means
of a screw. The bracket carries a stud with a pair of small washers S, S,
pressed together by a spiral spring; it also carries the tension
washers T, T, pressed together by a volute spring held in compression
by a nut on a screwed stud. Figures 4 and 5 shew details belonging
to the spool holder arrangement. In some cases I impart a twisting
motion from right to left to the needle bar after it has passed the
needle through the fabric. This I accomplish by making one of the
guides of the needle bar with a curved slot in which works a stud
fixed on the needle bar. In that case the slotted cross bar is by
preference not fixed rigidly on the needle bar but permits the same to
swivel as directed by the aforesaid stud working in the curved slot.
The hole U in the lower part of the frame (Figure 2) is for the clamp
to fit in, which fixes the machine.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of the Invention, I would have
it understood that I am well aware that some of the parts used are
not new, but what I claim is,
-
Firstly. The use of a right-handed spool hook running in a contrary
direction to the cloth in the manner and for the purpose substantially
as described.
Secondly. The shape of the needle and its socket, substantially as
described.
Thirdly. The construction of the spool filler, substantially as described.
And, fourthly. The general arrangement and combination of parts
in the manner and for the purposes substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Jensen, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Sixth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
ninc.