An Improved Plastic and Incombustible Material to be Used as a Substitute for India-rubber, Celluloid, Leather, Oil-cloth, Linoleum, Mother-of-Pearl, Tortoise-shell,,, and the, and
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 6th June, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Mar., 1897-Accepted, 3rd Apr., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Plastic and Incombustible Material to be Used as a
Substitute for India-rubber, Celluloid, Leather, Oil-cloth,
Linoleum, Mother-of-Pearl, Tortoise-shell, Amber, Ivory, and
the like, and capable of being Moulded, Drawn, or Made into
Threads, and in the Form of Plates, Tubes, Cylinders, or Soft
and Silky Threads, Resembling Silk in Appearance.
I, EUGÈNE CADORET, of 15% Boulevard St. Denis, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My present invention has for its object the manufacture and industrial application
of a new material which for the convenience of description, may be called
Textiloid.
This textiloid is a plastic material which has for its base, products which I have
obtained by the saponification and oxidation of oils, and which I call "Résinolines"
to distinguish them from natural resins.
Preparation of Résinolines.-To obtain the "résinoline," a suitable oil is saponified,
hot, by a metallic carbonate (in my experiments, I have given the preference to
carbonate of lead), which is decomposed by nitric acid taking care to keep it
continually stirred, and to introduce the acid very slowly into contact with the
mixture, an active effervescence being produced, and when this is over, the
supernatant liquid is decanted and saturated with an alkali such as potash, soda,
or the like.
On cooling, the soap thus produced takes a colour so particular that it forms a
special indication by which the origin of the oil employed can be determined.
For instance :-
Olive oil gives a vermilion soap,
Nut
"
"
orange yellow soap,
Poppy oil gives a yellow soap,
Colza
vermilion soap,
"
""
Sesame,,
pale yellow do.,
Neat's foot oil gives a scarlet red do.,
Earth nut (Arachide) oil gives a yellowish red do.,
Cod liver oil gives an orange do.,
Croton oil gives a red do.,
Médicinier (Jatropha) oil gives a lemon yellow do.,
Linseed oil gives a reddish brown do.,
Sweet almond oil gives a dark yellow do.,
Fish oil gives a scarlet red do.,
Millepertius (Hypericum) oil gives a little colour.
When decomposed by a suitable acid and then treated with a solvent such as
alcohol, ether, and the like, these oxydized soaps lose by evaporation their
"résinoline." According to the degree of oxidation to which the oil has been
submitted, the "résinoline" thus obtained is semi-fluid, pasty, or solid. In practice

page_text: the "résinolines" are obtained by decomposing one part of any suitable oil, by
three-quarters of a part of metallic carbonate and one part of nitric acid of
36 degrees. After a contact of 30 to 35 minutes, and when the bodies present
have re-acted upon one another, the liquid is decanted and is saponified by one
part of potash, soda, or the like, dissolved in two and a half parts of water.
The soap thus formed is treated with acid in quantity sufficient to set free the
resinoïd body, which is then purified by dissolving it in alcohol, ether, or the like, and
evaporating the solution.
Properties of the "Résinolines."-The "résinolines" produced in the way described
present great analogy in their physical properties to natural resins. Like the latter
they are either semi-fluid, pasty, or solid; soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone, and the
like and saponifiable by alkalies. The distinctive character of these "résinolines"
is that of becoming easily decolourized under the influence of small quantities of
sulphurous acid, oxygenated water, or other decolourizers.
When solid the "résinolines" are remarkable for their flexibility. Combined with
either ;-
ulose,
(4) Organic substances of animal origin, or of similar chemical composition,
(5) A mixture of one or more of the substances enumerated,
they constitute " textiloid."
Properties of "Textiloid."-The "textiloid" may be either transparent like glass,
or white, or coloured according to the colour of the "résinoline" employed, which
serves as base, and according as it is mixed with transparent or colourless
substances.
Whatever the substances may be with which the "résinolines" are combined, the
resulting "textiloid" is uninflammable, or at least burns like a piece of wood or of
cotton, as the résinolines in burning disengage considerable quantities of carbonic
acid.
The "textiloid" has no appreciable smell, excepting of course, when, to the
mixture of résinolines with the bodies which have been mentioned above, a perfume
or any scented product is added which recalls the special properties of any natural
body which the textiloid is intended to imitate.
The textiloid is very elastic, in this particular property greatly resembling india-
rubber. If submitted to heat, it softens and can easily be drawn out into fine
threads.
Uses. Being transparent as glass, the "textiloid" may be used as a support for
substances sensitive to light, and to be used for many purposes in photography, (such
as films, a substitute for glass plates, and the like). Coloured in different ways, it
may be made to imitate indiarubber, celluloid, leather, oil-cloth, linoleum, mother-
of-pearl, tortoise shell, amber, ivory, marble, and the like, in fact all natural
objects.
From the flexibility and fusibility of the material, the "textiloid" may also be
moulded directly for the reproduction of objects of art, for mantles for incandescent
gas-lamps and the like, or rolled and cut into the form of sheets and used for the
manufacture of collars, cuffs and the like; oil-cloth, linoleum, and the like; and
when drawn out, or made into thread, the "textiloid" may be used in very many
ways, such as the manufacture of cylinders, the handles of sticks and umbrellas, of
tubes, and for making imitation silk.
Manufacture of "Textiloid."-Textiloid has for its base "résinolines"; its
composition varies according to the purpose for which it is intended, and on this
point it is desirable to point out here the different combinations which form the
'résinolines."
(1.) "Résinolines," oxides and earths; in combination with oxides or with earths
(oxides of zinc, or magnesia, kaolin, ochres, and the like), the "résinolines" may be

page_text: used for the manufacture of "textiloid"; the following is the process for this
purpose:
To 100 parts of "résinoline" (obtained from a suitable oil) are added,
20 to 30 parts of oxide of zinc, magnesia, kaolin, ochre, or the like, 60 parts of
methylated alcohol at 90°, and a sufficient quantity of colouring material, (if the mass
to be produced is intended to be coloured)."
The whole is left in contact for three or four hours, after which the mass is
divided and is taken to a rolling machine with horizontal cylinders slightly warmed
(30° to 40°).
The rolling machine in which the "textiloid" is worked is precisely similar to
those employed in the manufacture of indiarubber. The object of the rolling is to
give to the material consistence and homogeneity. In point of fact, the different
substances present have to be united by a graduated and progressive heating which is
easily obtained by the regular heating of the cylinders. Under the influence of the
heat the alcohol evaporates and the mass, worked in every direction, becomes coherent
and firm. After one or two hours' working the paste is removed from the machine
and is submitted to pressure, of from 2 to 300 atmospheres, in a hydraulic press heated
to 80° to 90°. Under this great pressure, which is kept up for five or six hours, the
"textiloid" acquires all the properties necessary either to be cut up, or to be moulded,
drawn, or to be made into threads.
(2.) "Résinoline" and Natural Resins.-I have already stated that the "résinolines"
may be combined with natural resins. The "textiloid" which results is remarkable
for its vitreous lustre and the facility with which it can be worked; it is hard without
being fragile or brittle. A good "textiloid" can be obtained with natural resins by
using the following composition
parts any natural resins,
60 parts of a solvent (alcohol, ether, acetone, and the like, according to the
solubility of the natural resin in one or other of these solvents).
This composition can be rendered opaque or coloured by an oxide or an earth.
Rolled and then compressed, the material can afterwards be worked according to the
purposes for which it is intended.
(3.) "Resinolines" and Cellulose.-For certain applications a very light "textiloid"
is required, in which case, instead of natural resin and oxides or earth, there may be
incorporated in the mass finely divided cellulose, such as paper pulp or saw-dust for
example. For this purpose, the following is the process :-
To 100 parts of cellulose are added
60 parts of "résinoline," and
50 parts of methylated alcohol,
(together with oxides, earths, or colouring materials, as desired, and in such quantities
as may be thought useful.)
The incorporation of the cellulose with the "résinoline" would not however give
good results unless certain conditions are observed.. To obtain the object desired the
mixture described above is introduced into an apparatus of a special form upon the
principle of that shewn in Figure 1 in the accompanying drawing, consisting of a
boiler A capable of being heated, an agitator B which can be set in revolution by
means of the handle C, a discharge opening D for the escape of the mixture, and a
lens or sight-hole E by which the progress of the operation can be observed. The
composition being introduced into the apparatus, the cover F is adjusted in place
having a pipe communicating with the worm S in a reservoir G which is kept
constantly supplied with water.
The apparatus is slowly heated, taking care to keep the handle C continually
turning. The alcohol is evaporated with the heat and the vapour is condensed in the

page_text: "
of acetone, or acetic ether, or acetate or amyle, or
the like, and if the whole be left in contact for some hours (five to six hours) the
bodies re-act upon one another and soon form à paste which can be rendered
homogeneous by working it between rollers and in a hydraulic press. In this way is
obtained a "textiloid" which is transparent, flexible, and elastic. The nitric cellulose
incorporated with the "résinolines" loses its explosive properties. The "textiloi!"
thus obtained may be rendered opaque by oxide of zinc, magnesia and the like, and it.
may be coloured either by metallic oxides or by colouring matters.
(5.) "Résinolines" and Animal Substances, or other substances having the same
chemical composition as the latter.-The "résinolines" may be incorporated with
organic substances of animal origin, such for instance as proteïne, albumen, gelatine,
fibrin, and the like.
In their natural state these substances would be incapable of combining with the
"résinolines"; when slightly oxidized however they combine on the other hand very "
freely. For this purpose one part of the gelatine, proteïne, or the like, in one part of
glycerine at 28°, is placed in a close vessel in a water bath, and 60 grammes of nitric
acid at 36° are added.
When the organic matter, gelatine, proteïne, or other substance employed is melted
three parts of "résinoline" are incorporated with it and kept continually stirred.
After about an hour of contact the ."textiloid" formed is allowed to cool; when it is
quite cold it is placed in a solution of tannin (8 per rent.), alum, .or other chemical
compound having the property of preventing the decomposition of animal substances,.
where it is left 48 hours, after which it is removed and worked in a rolling press, and
then in a hydraulic press hy which it is rendered homogeneous.
(6.) "Résinolines," Nitric Cellulose, Natural Resins, and Animal Substances, or others
having the same chemical composition.-In case it is desired to produce a "textiloid".
of complex composition, the following is the method of procedure. (1) The substances
of animal origin are oxidized and incorporated with the "résinolines" as already
described in (5.)- Résinolines' and Animal Substances,"-but the "textiloid" thus
produced instead of being placed in a solution of tannin, alum, or other body capable
of preventing the decomposition of animal substances, it is brought in contact with
two parts of crystallizable acetic acid.
2. The nitric cellulose and the natural resins are treated by their solvents in the
way already explained in the special treatment of each of these substances by the
"résinolines."
The two masses thus obtained are mixed in the rolling press, and pressed in a
heated hydraulic press, and their union is then perfect and the "textiloid" which
results, has the new properties possessed by the materials which have been united.
After leaving the press and when the "textiloid" has been cut up (by means of
any suitable cutting machine) it is plunged into a solution of tannin, alum, or other
chemical material capable of préventing the decomposition of organic substances.
I should mention that, whenever it is required to obtain a "textiloid" (1) white,
there should be added to the material 20 to 30 per cent. of either oxide of zinc,
carbonate of magnesia, kaolin, or the like, according to the degree of flexibility which
is desired. In order to develope the lustre of the textiloid," there may be added to
the mass 90 to 100 grammes of ultramarine blue to every 100 kilogrammes of

page_text: Indazine M,
Bleu de Bâle, R,
Violet de Paris,
-15 parts,
15 parts,
2 parts.
These are dissolved in alcohol at 36° and the solution filtered and evaporated, the
composition being treated with cold water."
(2) To imitate indiarubber, yellow sulphur and antimony in different proportions
are used according to the effect which it is desired to obtain.
(3) To imitate leather, tobacco brown (colouring material) will be employed.
(4) For black, bone black or lamp black will be used.
give these as sufficient examples, for it is impossible to give a list of all the
colouring materials which may be used, the number of which is far too great,
as well as their proportions, depending mainly upon the operator and the object
which he desires to attain. I may, however, add that the "textiloid" used for
imitating linoleum should be coloured with 30 per cent. of ochre in preference to
other-materials...
The manufacture, of linoleum and oil cloths having "textiloid" as a base is
carried out as follows:-
Upon a cylinder H. (Figure 2) is rolled. the material which, during its unrolling,
is kept tightly stretched by being passed between the cylinders. I, I', of a calender;.
whilst stretched horizontally the material passes between the plates P. and P. of.
a hydraulic press; these plates being heated by steam.
"
The "textiloid" cut into extremely thin sheets by a suitable machine is placed
upon, the material (between J and K) between the two plates of the press; the
plates, P, P, are then brought forcibly together producing a great pressure. Under
the influence of the heat the "textiloid" adheres to the material or fabric, which
is, brought forward from time to time for a space equal to J, K, by setting in,
movement the calender, the two cylinders I, I' of which draw the fabric forward.
The sheets of the "textiloid may be made continuous by thinning their ends
and fitting them together after having brushed over them a little of the following
composition:-
Methylated alcohol of 90°
Acetone,
Ether,
-
Crystallizable acetic acid
1 parts,
.5
"
2층
"
When it is required that the "textiloid" should have a high polish, a polished
plate of nickel is placed upon the part which is to be polished, and above it is
placed a very thick piece of woven stuff. The parts thus arranged are prešsēd
for about 15 minutes, and the plates of the--press.. being heated are..those which
communicate the polish.
It will be seen from what I have said in the above description that, according
to the purpose for which the "textiloid" is intended, it may be either moulded
direct, or worked in a rolling press and afterwards compressed in hydraulic presses
and then cut up into sheets or leaves of greater or less thickness. The" textiloid"
may also be drawn into the form. of-solid or hollow cylinders, or it may be made into
fine threads which can be woven and dyed. To obtain these results the means
and apparatus ordinarily used for the manufacture of similar products. driven by
steam or by hydraulic power....
It will be seen that my invention consists substantially.. of (1) the.. manufacture of
the material described as "textiloid.". by means..of the preparation..of." résinolines "
as described; (2) the applications of these "résinolines to all industrial purposes;
(3) the application of the textiloid.". to the imitation of indiarubber, celluloid,
leather, oil-cloth, linoleum, tortoise shell, amber, ivory, marble, photographic films,
mantles for incandescent gas-lamps, and all other articles to which it is applicable;

page_text: (4) the manufacture into tubes, cylinders, or flexible and silky threads, of all plastic
substances formed in the manner described in the above specification, by suitable
appliances and apparatus, or by those ordinarily used for the manufacture of
analogous substances.
Dated this 6th day of June 1896.
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Plastic and Incombustible Material to be Used as a
Substitute for India-rubber, Celluloid, Leather, Oil-cloth,
Linoleum, Mother-of-Pearl, Tortoise-shell, Amber, Ivory, and
the like, and capable of being Moulded, Drawn, or Made into
Threads, and in the Form of Plates, Tubes, Cylinders, or Soft
and Silky Threads, Resembling Silk in Appearance.
I, EUGÈNE CADORET, of 15 Boulevard St. Denis, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, and accompanying drawing, that is to say:-
My present invention, has for its object the manufacture and industrial application
of a new material which for the convenience of description, may he called
Textiloid.
This textiloid is a plastic material which has for its base, products which I have
obtained by the saponification and oxidation of oils, and which I call "Résinolines " to
distinguish them from natural resins.
Preparation of Résinolines.-To obtain the "résinoline," a suitable oil is saponified,
hot, by a metallic carbonate (in my experiments, I have given the preference to
carbonate of lead), which is decomposed by nitric acid taking care to keep it
continually stirred, and to introduce the acid very slowly into contact with the
mixture, an active effervescence being produced, and when this is over, the
supernatant liquid is decanted and saturated with an alkali such as potash, soda, or
the like.
On cooling, the soap thus produced takes a colour so particular that it forms a
special indication by which the origin of the oil employed can be determined.
For instance:-
Olive oil gives a vermilion soap,
Nut
32
orange yellow do.,
Poppy oil gives a yellow do.,
Colza
"
"
Sesame,,
vermilion do.,
pale yellow do.,
Neat's foot oil gives a scarlet red do.,
Earth nut (Arachide) oil gives a yellowish red do.,
Cod liver oil gives an orange do.,
Croton oil gives a red do.,
Médicinier (Jatropha) oil gives a lemon yellow do.,
Linseed oil gives a reddish brown do.,
Sweet almond oil gives a dark yellow do.,
Fish oil gives a scarlet red do.,
Millerpertius (Hypericum) oil gives a little colour.
When decomposed by a suitable acid and then treated with a solvent such as

page_text: (3.) Nitric cellulose,
(4.) Organic substances of animal origin, or of similar chemical composition,
(5.) A mixture of one or more of the substances enumerated,
they constitute "textiloid..".
Properties of "Textiloid: "The "textiloid" may be either transparent like glass,
or white, or coloured according to the colour of the "résinoline" employed, which
serves as base, and according as it is mixed with transparent or colourless substances.
Whatever the substances may be with which the "résinolines" are combined, the
resulting "textiloid" is uninflammable, or at least burns like a piece of wood or
of cotton, as the résinolines in burning disengage considerable quantities of
carbonic acid.
The "textiloid "has no appreciable smell, excepting of course, when, to the mixture
of "résinolines" with the bodies which have been mentioned above, a perfume or any
scented product is added which recalls the special properties of any natural body which
the "textiloid" is intended to imitate.
The "textiloid" is very elastic, in this particular property greatly resembling india-
rubber. If submitted to heat, it softens and can easily be drawn out into fine threads.
Uses. Being transparent as glass, the "textiloid"
glass, the "textiloid" may be used as a support for
substances sensitive to light, and to be used for many purposes in photography, (such
as films, a substitute for glass plates, and the like). Coloured in different ways, it may
be made to imitate indiarubber, celluloid, leather, oil-cloth, linoleum, mother-of-pearl,
tortoise-shell, amber, ivory, marble, and the like, in fact all natural objects.
From the flexibility and fusibility of the material, the "textiloid" may also be
moulded directly for the reproduction of objects of art, for mantles for incandescent
gas-lamps and the like, or rolled and cut into the form of sheets and used for the
manufacture of collars, cuffs and the like; oil-cloth, linoleum, and the like; and when
drawn out, or made into thread, the "textiloid" may be used in very many ways, such
as the manufacture of cylinders, the handles of sticks and umbrellas, of tubes, and
for making imitation silk.
When applied by rollers or calendering machines, either in a solution or in a pasty
state, the textiloid" may be used for very many purposes. For example, if spread
upon the surface of paper it renders the latter waterproof so that it can be used in the
manufacture of paper-hangings, wrapping for articles which have to be protected from
damp, artificial flowers, and cartridge papers and the like. Applied to cords, ropes,
and string, it prevents decay. Upon linen, cloth, or other woven fabrics, the

page_text: "textiloid," various coloured and stamped, may be applied to furniture and decorations,
and it may be advantageously used instead of linoleum, oil-cloth and the like.
For imitation leather it is very valuable for boots and shoes, driving belts and the
like, and for hat-making and as a substitute for morocco leather.
Finally, the textiloid" can be used for waterproof garments, in imitation of
indiarubber instead of the natural material, especially in its application to the wheels
of vehicles of all kinds.
Laid on with a brush or pad it can be used in a liquid state-as a substitute for
varnish in all the purposes for which the latter is used.
Manufacture of "Textiloid."-Textiloid has for its base "résinolines"; its
composition varies according to the purpose for which it is intended, and on this
point it is desirable to point out here the different combinations which form the
résinolines."
(1.) "Resinolines," Oxides and Earths.-In combination with oxides or with earths
(oxides of zinc, or magnesia, kaolin, ochres, and the like), the "résinolines" may be
used for the manufacture of "textiloid"; the following is the process for this
purpose:-
To 100 parts of "résinoline" (obtained from a suitable oil) are added, 20 to 30 parts
of oxide of zinc, magnesia, kaolin, ochre, or the like, 60 parts of methylated alcohol
at 90°, and a sufficient quantity of colouring material, (if the mass to be produced is
intended to be coloured).
The whole is left in contact for three or four hours, after which the mass is
divided and is taken to a rolling machine with horizontal cylinders slightly warmed
(30° to 40°).
The rolling machine in which the "textiloid" is worked is precisely similar to those
employed in the manufacture of indiarubber. The object of the rolling is to give to
the material consistence and homogeneity. In point of fact, the different substances
present have to be united by a graduate and progressive heating which is easily
obtained by the regular heating of the cylinders. Under the influence of the heat the
alcohol evaporates and the mass, worked in every direction, becomes coherent and
firm. After one or two hours' working the paste is removed from the machine and is
submitted to pressure, of from 2 to 300 atmospheres, in a hydraulic press heated to
80° to 90°. Under this great pressure, which is kept up for five or six hours, the
"textiloid" acquires all the properties necessary either to be cut up, or to be moulded,
drawn or to be made into threads.
(2.) "Résinoline" and Natural Resins.-I have already stated that the "résinolines"
may be combined with natural resins. The "textiloid" which results is remarkable
for its vitreous lustre and the facility with which it can be worked; it is hard without
being fragile or brittle. A good "textiloid" can be obtained with natural resins by
using the following composition :-
60 parts "résinolines,"
40 parts of any natural resins,
60 parts of a solvent (alcohol, ether, acetone, and the like, according to the
solubility of the natural resin in one or other of these solvents).
This composition can be rendered opaque or coloured by an oxide or an earth.
Rolled and then compressed, the material can afterwards be worked according to the
purposes for which it is intended.
(3.) "Resinolines" and Cellulose. For certain applications a very light " textiloid"
is required, in which case, instead of natural resin and oxides or earth, there may be
incorporated in the mass finely divided cellulose, such as paper pulp or saw-dust for
example. For this purpose, the following is the process:
To 100 parts of cellulose are added
60 parts of "résinoline," and
50 parts of methylated alcohol.

page_text: way already explained in the special treatment of each of these substances by the
" résinolines."
The two masses thus obtained are mixed in the rolling press, and pressed in a
heated hydraulic press, and their union is then perfect and the "textiloid" which
results, has the new properties possessed by the materials which have been united.
After leaving the press and when the "textiloid" has been cut up (by means of any
suitable cutting machine) it is plunged into a solution of tannin, alum, or other
chemical material capable of preventing the decomposition of organic substances.
I should mention that, whenever it is required to obtain a "textiloid" (1) white
there should be added to the material 20 to 30 per cent. of either oxide of zinc,
carbonate of magnesia, kaolin, or the like, according to the degree of flexibility which
is desired. In order to develop the lustre of the textiloid," there may be added to
the mass 90 to 100 grammes of ultramarine blue to every 100 kilogrammes of
"textiloid." I prefer, however, to use the following composition, which I have used
and which gives more brilliancy and regularity to the blue:
Indazinè, M-
Bleu de Bâle, R
Violet de Paris
15 parts,
15 parts,
2 parts.
These are dissolved in alcohol at 36° and the solution filtered and evaporated, the
composition being treated with cold water.
(2) To imitate indiarubber, yellow sulphur and antimony in different proportions
are used according to the effect which it is desired to obtain.
(3) To imitate leather, tobacco brown (colouring material) will be employed.
(4) For black, bone black or lamp black will be used.
I give these as sufficient examples, for it is impossible to give a list of all the
colouring materials which may be used, the number of which is far too great, as well
as their proportions, depending mainly upon the operator and the object which he
desires to attain. I may, however, add that the "textiloid" used for imitating
linoleum should be coloured with 30 per cent. of ochre in preference to other
materials.
The manufacture of linoleum and oil-cloths having "textiloid" as a base is carried
out as follows:-
Upon a cylinder H (Figure 2 in the drawing) is rolled the material which, during
its unrolling, is kept tightly stretched by being passed between the cylinders I, I', of
a calender; whilst stretched horizontally the material passes between the plates P
and P of a hydraulic press, these plates being heated by steam.
The "textiloid" cut into extremely thin sheets by a suitable machine is placed
upon the material (between J and K) between the two plates of the press; the
plates P, P, are then brought forcibly together producing a great pressure.
Under the influence of the heat the "textiloid" adheres to the material or fabric,
which is brought forward from time to time for a space equal to J, K, by setting in
movement the calender, the two cylinders I, I' of which draw the fabric forward.
The sheets of the "textiloid" may be made continuous by thinning their ends
and fitting them together after having brushed over them a little of the following
composition :-
Methylated alcohol of 90°
Acetone
Ether
-
Crystallizable acetic acid
-
5
1 parts,
"
2
"
"
When it is required that the "textiloid" should have a high polish, a polished
plate of nickel is placed upon the part which is to be polished, and above it is placed
a very thick piece of woven stuff. The parts thus arranged are pressed for about
15 minutes, and the plates of the press being heated are those which communicate

page_text: It will be seen from what I have said in the above description that, according to
the purpose for which the "textiloid" is intended, it may be either moulded direct,
or worked in a rolling press and afterwards compressed in hydraulic presses and
then cut up into sheets or leaves of greater or less thickness. The "textiloid" may
also be drawn into the form of solid or hollow cylinders, or it may be made into fine
threads which can be woven and dyod. To obtain these results the means and
apparatus ordinarily used for the manufacture of similar products, driven by steam.
or by hydraulic power, may be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The manufacture of the material described as "textiloid" by means of the
preparation of "résinolines," substantially as described.
2. The applications of these "résinolines" to all industrial purposes, substantially
as described.
3. The application of the "textiloid" to the imitation of indiarubber, celluloid,
leather, oil-cloth, linoleum, tortoise shell, amber, ivory, marble, photographic films,
mantles for incandescent gas-lamps, and all other articles to which it is applicable,
substantially as described.
4. The manufacture into tubes, cylinders, or flexible and silky threads, of all
plastic substances formed in the manner described in the above specification, by
suitable appliances and apparatus, or by those ordinarily used for the manufacture of
analogous substances, all substantially as described.
Dated this 3rd day of March 1897.
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.