IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY PUMPS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," No. 12, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROTARY PUMPS."-A communication from abroad by Abiather Haydn
Knapp. of Newton Centre, Massachusetts, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1864.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ROTARY PUMPS," a communication, to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to that class of pumps which operate by means of
one or more pistons revolving within an enclosing case, and relates, firstly, to
the use of a complementary "butment wheel" in combination with the main
piston wheel of a rotary pump as a substitute for the usual secondary
piston wheel.
And, secondly, to the use and arrangement of auxiliary inlet and outlet
chambers upon the same side of the case, distinct from the main piston
chamber, but communicating therewith by means of suitable induction and

page_text: eduction apertures placed near each other in nearly the a me horizontal plane.
The outer case of the pump encloses a cylindrical space, which extends
upwards into a sinaller semi-cylindrical recess. An interior vertical transverse
partition separates a portion at one end of the case from the main piston
chamber of the pump, and this end space is again sub-divided by an oblique
partition into a lower induction chamber (which occupies the larger portion of
the space), and an upper eduction passage for the outward flow of the water.
The mouth of the pipe connecting the lower water chamber with the reservoir
is furnished with a valve. The main wheel which revolves within the lower
cylindrical portion of the large chamber of the pump is furnished with simple
pistons projecting from its circumference at opposite points thereof, so as to
sweep closely in their revolution against the inner perimeter of the case. The
circumference of the wheel between the pistons is toothed, and engages with
the toothed periphery of a "butment wheel," which revolves in the semi-
cylindrical recess above. The diameter of the "butment wheel" is equal to
that of the main wheel, and its toothed periphery passes closely against the
inner surface of its case. Two concave recesses are cut in the periphery of
this "butment wheel" to allow the passage of the pistons when in their
revolution they would otherwise come in contact therewith. The configuration
of the exterior surface of the pistons and of the interior surface of these
concavities is such that each piston bears continuously against the surface of
the concavity while passing the same. The ends of both the "butment" and
piston wheels fit closely and accurately against the two ends of the piston
chamber, so as to allow but little leakage at these points. As the teeth of
the main wheel engage the teeth of the "butment wheel" until the surface of
one or other of the pistons begins to bear upon its complementary concavity
in the latter, there is constant contact between the two, and the motion of the
main wheel is communicated directly to the "butment." The induction and
eduction apertures are both pierced in the partition which separates the piston
chamber from the smaller water compartments in the end of the case, and are
so placed as not to extend above the axis of the "butment wheel," or below
the circumference of the piston wheel, and the pistons in each revolution
sweep alternately over the one and the other. As each piston immediately
after reaching the eduction aperture passes into the cavity made in the
"butment wheel" to receive it, the following projecting circumference of this
wheel prevents the water from passing beyond the eduction passage, through
which it is thereby forced to flow. The ends of the shafts both of the
"butment" and piston wheels are supported in extending bearings upon the

page_text: outer side of the partition in the case at one extremity, and in the head or
end plate thereof at the other, and are properly packed to prevent leakage.
The shaft of tho piston wheel extends outwardly through its bearings to
receive the application of power by which it is made to revolve. By the
direct gearing of the piston and "butment" wheels with each other the
necessity of spur wheels is obviated, and great simplicity in the construction
and operation of the pump is obtained, and by their peculiar arrangement
and combination, as herein described, there is such an uniformity and
coincidence of movement as to cause entire evenness and facility of action
in every position of the respective parts of the pump. The novel arrangement
of the auxiliary water chambers in the end of the case by permitting the
induction and eduction openings of the piston chamber to be placed in nearly
the same plane, so distributes the pressure of the water in the working of the
pump as to cause it to bear uniformly upon the entire circumference of the
shaft instead of at one point only, and in combination with the peculiar
arrangement of the "butment wheel." secures an almost uniform flow of
water. It also permits ready access to the valve at the mouth of the supply
pipe without disturbing the operative movements of the pump. Auxiliary
water chambers may be formed at each end of the pump, and double induction
and eduction pipes be used if deemed expedient. The water which will
otherwise remain in the piston chamber of the pump because of the position
of the induction and eduction apertures in its upper part, may be at pleasure
drained therefrom by means of a cock fitted to a small aperture in the
bottom thereof..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Pateut, filed
by the said George Haseltine in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd October 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the ." International Patent Office," No. 12, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send
greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant.

page_text: unto me, the said George Haseltine, Her special licence that I, the said
George Haseltine, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said George Haseltine, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY PUMPS," a communication, upon the con
dition (amongst others) that I, the said George Haseltine, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, or
under the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, forming a part
of this Specification, and to the letters and figures marked thereon:-
"
This Invention relates, firstly, to the use of a complementary "butment'
wheel in combination with the main piston wheel of a rotary pump, as a
substitute for the usual secondary piston wheel.
And, secondly, to the use and arrangement of auxiliary inlet and outlet
chambers upon. the same side of the case, distinct from the main piston
chamber, but communicating therewith by means of suitable induction and
eduction apertures placed near each other in the same horizontal plane, or
nearly so.
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation of the improved
pump; Figure 2 is an end view of the pump with the head or end plate upon
the side of the induction and eduction compartments removed, illustrating the
arrangement of said compartments, and the position of the inlet and outlet
apertures opening into the piston chamber; Figure 3 is a vertical transverse
section of the pump through the piston chamber in the line a, a, of Figure 1;
Figure 4. is a vertical longitudinal section through the axis of the piston wheel
of the pump.
.
. A, Figure 1, is the cylindrically-shaped case of the pump, crowned by a
semi-cylindrical recess, substantially as shown in Figures 2 and 3. The ends of

page_text: this case A are covered and closed by end plates or heads a, a', which being
secured in place by means of screws may be readily removed at pleasure. A
vertical transverse partition E cast in one piece with the case A, or firmly and
tightly secured therein parallel to the ends thereof, divides it into two unequal
parts. Within the larger chamber formed in the interior of the pump by the
vertical partition E a piston wheel H and a cylindrical "butment" or water
stop I, Figures 3 and 4, equal in their diameters, are placed, and revolve upon
parallel shafts C and D, whose axes are in the same vertical plane. The ends
of these shafts extend through the partition E on one side, and the head a³ of
the case A on the other, and are supported in projecting bearings or journal
boxes d, d¹, c, c¹, which are secured or formed upon the outer faces of the
partition E and head a¹ respectively, as is clearly illustrated in Figure 4 of
the Drawings. The piston wheel H secured upon the driving shaft C revolves
in the centre of the larger chamber of the pump. The two pistons h, h, are
! cast or formed upon the piston wheel at opposite points of its circumference,
and they project therefrom a distance not quite equal to one-half the diameter
of the wheel. Their extremities sweep closely around the inner curved
surface of the lower portion of the chamber without touching.it; this surface
being made to coincide with the arc of a circle having the axis of the shaft C
as its centre. In the "butment" wheel I, which revolves upon the upper
shaft.D in the curved recess formed in the upper part of the piston chamber,
and at opposite points of its circumference, two transverse grooves or con-
cavities i, i, are formed, of a depth equal to the length of the projecting
pistons h, h, of the piston wheel. The peripheries both of the piston and
"butment" wheels between the pistons on the one and the grooves or con-
cavities in the other are cogged, so as to gear one with the other, and the form
and configuration of the pistons and of the interior surfaces of the concavities
are so designed (as illustrated in Figure 3 of the Drawings) as that each
piston upon the main wheel H will in its revolution not only pass into its
complementary concavity in the. " butment" wheel I, but will be in constant
easy contact with its surface until it passes out therefrom. This even pressure
of the ends of the pistons within their complementary cavities communicates
the motion of the piston wheel H to the "butment" wheel I whenever the
cogs upon the intermediate portions of their peripheries are not directly
engaged. The piston and "butment" wheels will thus always revolve in
perfect unison with equal velocity, but in opposite directions, as indicated by
the arrows in Figure 3. The ends of the cogs n, n, upon the grooved
".butment". wheel I glide in. their revolution over the curved inner surface of

page_text: the upper recess of the chamber, without, however, touching it, said recess being
arched upon the arc of a circle, having the axis of the shaft D for its centre.
As both of the wheels H and I fit closely and accurately against the head a
on the one side of the piston chamber and the partition E on the other, the
leakage of water at these points, although sufficient to obviate friction, is quite
imperceptible. The ends of the journal boxes c, d, which project from the
outer face of the head plate a' are packed and made perfectly water-tight by
means of caps f, b, screwed firmly thereon. The packing cap 6 fitted upon
the journal box c³ of the main shaft is annular in form, and embraces the
shaft C, which extends outwardly through it to receive the application of
power by which the pump is operated. The remaining journal boxes d, c,
formed upon the outer face of the partition E extend through the smaller
compartment of the pump, far enough to be covered and packed by the end
plate a of the case, closing said compartment, as illustrated in Figure 4. This
smaller compartment is subdivided into two water chambers G & T by an
oblique curved partition S embracing the projecting journal box of the
upper shaft D, and so placed as that the two, orifices P and Q which form
the communication between the water chambers G and T respectively and
the piston chamber shall be completely separated by the partition, and yet be
placed in the same horizontal plane just below the end of the upper shaft D,
and on either side, thereof, substantially as illustrated in Figure 2 of the
accompanying Drawings. The supply or suction pipe e of the pump is fitted
directly to the bottom of the lower or induction chamber G, Figures 2 and 4,
which communicates with the interior of the main piston chamber through
the induction aperture P, as clearly shown in Figure 2. The mouth of the
supply pipe e may be covered by an ordinary clack valve L to prevent the
reflow of the water, but this is not in all cases required. The upper or
eduction chamber T, into which the water is forced from the piston chamber
of the pump through the eduction aperture Q, terminates at the top in a
discharge pipe g, to which a nozzle or spout R may be attached, as shown in
Figure 1, or other suitable connection be made. A small aperture is pierced
through the partition E at the bottom of the chamber G, and another in the
bottom of the piston chamber, through which all water remaining in the pump.
when at rest may be drained therefrom to avoid any danger from frost, or for
other purposes. The aperture in the bottom of the piston chamber is closed
by a stop-cock, so as not to interfere with the working of the pump. By the
novel and peculiar arrangement of the piston and "butment" wheels H and I
in this improved pump, the action of the pistons h, h, upon the complementary

page_text: concavities i, i, of the "butment" wheel is exerted uniformly in a tangential
direction, creating a perfectly regular movement of said "butment" wheel,
which is continued and maintained by the engagement of the cogs upon the
intermediate peripheries of the two wheels, thus obviating the objection which
arises to the ordinary forms of rotary pumps in which two piston wheels act
directly upon each other, because of the fact that at certain points in their
revolutions the action of the pistons becomes so nearly radial in its direction
as to make a "dead point" or lock, which can be only overcome by great
exertion of power, a defect which increases as the pump becomes worn
by use.
In the rotary pumps heretofore constructed the induction & eduction
apertures have been placed at opposite sides of the case, so that the pressure
both of the weight of the column of water drawn from the well and of that
expelled from the pump is exerted upon the shafts wholly in one direction,
causing their bearings to wear away at one point, and so deranging their
operation as to create excessive friction in the work of the pump. By the
arrangement and combination of the auxiliary induction and eduction chambers
with a rotary pump, as herein described, this difficulty is entirely obviated, for
the inlet and outlet apertures being placed upon the same side of the case,
and at the same height, cause the weight of the column of water on the
receiving side which draws upwards against the pistons to balance more or
less the downward pressure of the water forced out on the expelling side, so
that when the water is forced up to a height equal to the depth from which it
is drawn the pressure of the two columns will exactly balance each other in
the pump, and thus reduce the friction of the shafts to a minimum.
It will be also readily perceived that the position of the inlet and outlet
apertures in the same plane tends to create an almost uniform flow of water
in the operation of the
pump.
'
Having thus fully described the improvements made by my correspondent
in rotary pumps, and explained how they may be carried into effect, what I
claim therein as my Invention is,-
First, the novel form and arrangement of the piston and "butment" wheels
H and I of a rotary pump, as herein described, and their peculiar combination
with each other, substantially as herein set forth.
Second, the arrangement and combination of separate auxiliary induction
and eduction chambers G, T, in connection with the main piston chamber
of a rotary pump, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein
set forth.

page_text: Third, placing the induction and eduction apertures of the piston chamber
of a rotary pump near each other in the same plane, and upon the same side
of said chamber, so as to balance the pressure of water upon the bearings 'of
the piston wheel, substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seven-t
teenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four.