Improvements in or Additions to Pneumatic Expansion Wheels for Auto-Motors, various kinds of Road Carriages, and other like rolling bodies.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Nov., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 12th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 12th Nov., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Additions to Pneumatic Expansion Wheels for
Auto-Motors, various kinds of Road Carriages, and other like
rolling bodies.
We, JOHN BALLANTYNE SMALL, Pneumatic-wheel Builder, of 7, Great George
Street, Hillhead, and JAMES WEDDERBURN OGILVY WALKER, Manager of Glasgow
Rubber Works, Maryhill, Glasgow, residing at 11, Huntly Terrace, North Kelvinside,
both in the City and County of Glasgow, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The said invention relates to a detatchable, telescopic or sliding nave with its
necessary pneumatic and rubber structure attatchments and other parts of nave and
hub structure connected, therewith.
In order that our said invention and the manner of performing or carrying same
into practice may be more readily understood, attention is here drawn to Small,
MacLellan and Walker's Patent No. 6202 of 20th March 1896 for a pneumatic
expansion wheel in which Complete Specification with its accompanying four sheets
of drawings as likewise in this Provisional Specification the same letters and numerals
are used in designating the respective parts of the aforesaid wheel in its relationship
with the improvements and additions, herein, contained.
The object of our detatchable telescopic or sliding nave is to render the pneumatic
structure more easy of access in the event of sudden deflation on the road whereby
the said structure can by ready and rapid means without interfering with the rigid or
iron structure of hub and nave be at once extracted and immediately replaced with
another undamaged pneumatic structure, or, as a substitute for same cylindric
buffers of solid rubber could be used. The said cylindric buffers of about half-an-inch
less diameter can also be solutioned inside the air-chamber, and, thus, in the event of
sudden deflation, the extraction of the telescopic nave and pneumatic structure from
the recess is not rendered absolutely necessary. It will now be apparent that two
naves are used; one permanent, and the other detatchable in the manner of the sliding
tubes of a telescope.
The permanent nave retains its shoulders K' as shewn in Fig. 1 of 62020 and the
telescopic or sliding nave with pneumatic structure attatched is composed of the
shoulders K² on outer side to the depth of the air-channel bed, C, the particular
construction of which and the pneumatic action thereon will all be specifically
described further on. The shoulders, K2, can be made of wood or of wood and metal
combined but is preferably made of indurated india-rubber, the inside diameter of
which being almost equal with the external diameter of the permanent nave.
Under the shoulders, K2, of the shifting nave there is fixed a number of ribs which
taken collectively is herein known as the rib-structure. These ribs are composed of
thin sheets of steel and run longitudinally with the plungers or the direct line of the
axle and are conveniently distanced from each other at about half-an-inch, this
seperation distance, of course, varying with the diameter of the nave which it
encircles. These ribs are also made round and of solid metal or of tubular metal and

page_text: .
can also be made of hard wood of sufficient elasticity. The rib structure is then
webbed with canvas or solutioned cloth or analagous material, the whole in combination
forming a circle giving a diameter of half-an-inch more than the permanent nave
over which it is placed, the shrinkage of this excess in diameter being regulated with
inflation.
The sliding nave is formed, it will now be seen, with the shoulders, K², in
conjunction with rib structure webbed with canvas or solutioned cloth all as already
described, the said webbing being covered inside or outside or with both sides with a
thin sheet or sheets of india-rubber with, at its off-side, a composite beading made of
rubber and string with attatchments fixed thereto for the purpose of holding the air-
sack in its proper place without any liability of shifting during the process of telescoping
the said sliding nave over the permanent nave.
In fixing the air-sack on to the sliding nave the inverse order is observed as compared
with the permanent nave now in use, the air-sack with its fixture arrangement being
slid on at the off side which is more easily effected there being no shoulder thereat
and is consequently drawn with its valve end towards the shoulder K whereat the
valve is adjusted and the off side of the sack likewise adjusted and tied down to
prevent shift of the air-sack and also to free it from creases in the cloth and rubber
in the process of telescoping.
This done, inflation is at once given to the pneumatic structure, the air under
compression, immediately dispersing itself throughout the whole circle with equal
force and regularity thereby causing the ribs and the webbing to immediately press
against the permanent nave holding the two naves in unison as one nave they being so
held and thereby rendered irremovable until deflation shall have been effected.
As a modification of the rib structure the ribs can be used without webbing; they
can also be made spiral with the thread running either right or left and with or
without webbing. The shoulders, K², are when used with structure as shewn
in Fig. 1 of 6202 screwed on either by means of an internal screw concentric
with the axle or by a number of external screws and washer attatchments. In
the shoulders, K, there is an incission made for the valve protruding herein
known as the lunette and protecting the valve there are fixed two rubber flaps
respectively known as the upper and lower valve flaps their object being to
prevent injury to the valve through excessive jolting of the wheel.
The front disc is by way of modification enlarged and can be made to cover
the whole of the air space and is fitted with three or more radial arms projecting
about an inch beyond the outer hub ring H2 and in like manner the rear disc
is fitted with these projecting arms keeping the inner or rear hub ring Has
in 6202 in its place. Dispensing with this enlarged disc the same arrangement
as in Fig. 1 of 6202 with disc H can be used along with auxiliary arms projecting
from disc H all as therein specifically described.
Improvements in or Additions to Pneumatic Expansion Wheels for
Auto-Motors, various kinds of Road Carriages, and other like
rolling bodies.
4
We, JOHN BALLANTYNE SMALL, Pneumatic-wheel Builder, of 7, Great George Street,
Hillhead, and JAMES WEDDERBURN OGILVY WALKER, Manager of Glasgow Rubber
Works, Maryhill, Glasgow, residing at 11, Huntly Terrace, North Kelvinside, both in 5

page_text: the City and County of Glasgow, do hereby declare the nature of this, our
invention, to be as follows:-
The said invention relates to a detachable, telescopic or siding nave with its
necessary pneumatic and rubber structure attachments and detachinents, and, other
parts of nave and hub structure connected therewith. Our telescopic nave has, as a
consequence, its detachable, pneumatic air-chamber of cylindric or telescopic shape
as will be specifically described, further on, along with the other parts of the nave and
bub structure. In order that our said invention and the nanner of performing or
carrying same into practice may be more readily understood, attention is here drawn
to Small, MacLellan & Walker's Patent, No. 6202 of 20th March 1896 for a pneumatic
expansion wheel in which Complete Specification, with its accompanying four sheets
of drawings, as likewise in this Complete Specification, the same letters and numerals
are used in designating the respective parts of the aforesaid wheel, as relating to the
improvements and consequent additions, herein, contained.
For the sake of clearness, and in order to preserve the continuity of the original
Patent, No. 6202 9, clash or repeating letters and numerals are, herein, as far as
possible, avoided, that is to say, while retaining the old designations for the old parts,
the new parts, or improvements embodied, herein, are designated by letters and
numerals not made specific use of in the aforesaid original Patent No. 6202 of 1896
granted to Small, MacLellan and Walker.
The object of our detachable, telescopic or sliding nave with its detachable
cylindric-shaped air-chamber is to render the pneumatic structure more easy of access,
in the event of sudden deflation on the road, whereby, the said structure can, by ready
and rapid means, be at once extracted and immediately replaced with another
undamaged pneumatic structure, carried in the carriage or vehicle to meet
emergencies, or, as a substitute for same, cylindric buffers composed of solid rubber
could be used, in such cases of emergency. The said cylindric buffers of about
half-an-inch less diameter can also be solutioned inside the air-chamber, and, thus
in the event of sudden deflation the extraction of the telescopic nave and pneumatic
structure, from the recess, is not rendered absolutely necessary. The construction
of this concentric ring of rubber, fitted inside the cylindric-shaped air-chamber
and placed at or near the centre thereof; will all be specifically described, further on.
Two naves, it will be seen, are used one of which is the permanent nave as hitherto
used, or, as in the case of a padded boss, a rudimentary nave serving all the purposes
of said nave is used and for the accomplishment of which a boss of specific size and
shape is necessary, it being much longer than the boss in present use, and, as a
consequence, the axle, in like manner, is longer and made of the finest tempered
steel to bear the extra strain by reason of its being of less diameter than the ordinary
axle now in use. The other nave is detachable, in the manner of the sliding tubes of
a telescope, and, in consequence of which, the air-chamber is, in like manner, of
telescopic or cylindric shape. The permanent nave is as shewn in Fig. 1 of 6202 D
and comprising the shoulder, K1, on the inner side towards the rotatory points, while,
on the other hand, the sliding or telescopie nave comprises the shoulder, C³, resting
upon the ring, K², on the outer side towards the plunger-circle, or, in other words,
to the depth of the air-channel hed, C, the particular construction of which and the
pneumatic action, thereof, will be particularly described, further on. The shoulder, C³,
resting upon the iron ring, K2, or, as in the event of a padded boss, resting upon the
padding thereof, can be made of wood, or of wood and metal combined but is
preferably made of indurated india-rubber the inside diameter of which being almost
equal with the external diameter of the permanent_nave.
Under the shoulder, C5,
resting upon K, or its equivalent, in the case of a padded boss, under the said
shoulder, C, of the shifting nave, there is fixed a number of ribs which, taken
collectively, is, herein, known as the rib-structure. These ribs, which are composed
of sheets of steel or other suitable metal or of hard-wood, run longitudinal with the
plungers or the direct line of axle and are conveniently distanced from each other at
about half-an-inch though, of course, this distance, in seperation, has to vary, making

page_text: the rib-structure conmensurate with the nave or rudimentary nave which it
encircles.
The usual number of ribs are three pairs, or, with grooves made for the inception
of said ribs three could be used; but, they are preferably made in pairs as will be
specifically described, each pair of ribs gripping the bolts which rest between the pair
of ribs which, with the inflation of the air-chamber, render the said rib-structure
unmoveable.
To prevent the plunger-circle from creeping or moving round, while the wheel is
in rotatory motion, the plunger buffers of rubber, inaiked L L in Figs. 3 and 4 of
62020, are, as a preventative to this tendency to creep, made to protrude about the
eighth (or more) of an inch so that the air-sack, fitted with rubber rings concentric
with the axle, acts on these protruding plunger buffers and thus prevent any creep
while the wheel is in rotatory motion. These ribs of the rib-structure are also made
round and of solid metal or of tubular metal or of hard-wood of sufficient elasticity.
The said rib-structure is then webbed with canvas or with solutioned cloth or of
other analogous material, the whole, in combination, forming a circle giving, for easy
manipulation, about half-an-inch more than the permanent nave over which it is
placed, this excess, in diameter, of say half-an-inch is, with inflation, regulated by
the shrinkage that at once ensues, the inner wall of pneumatic structure being
blown inwards towards the axial points while the outer wall of same is blown outwards
towards the plunger-circle. As a modification of the rib-structure, the ribs can be
used without webbing; they can also be made spiral with the thread running
either right and left and with, or without, webbing; but, with this modification, it
is necessary to have the wheel taken out of the axle until the process of telescoping
the nave shall have been effected. The shoulder, C, resting on K2 is, when used
with structure as shewn in Fig. 1 of 6202, screwed on either by means of an
internal screw, concentric with the axle, or by a number of internal screws and washer
In the shoulder, C5, resting upon K², there is an incision made for the
valve protruding and which is, herein, known as the Lunette it being half-moon-
shaped and in protecting the valve there are fixed two rubber flaps, one at top and
the other at bottom, respectively known as the upper and lower valve flaps, their
objects being to prevent injury to the valve through excessive and continuous con-
cussions given to the wheel in rotatory motion.
attatements.
The internal expansion spoke, shewn in Fig. 12 of 6202, has its plunger made
oblong similar to the other plunger, but its length and breadth is, of course, con.
siderably less than that of the plunger, P, upon which the stability of the wheel
mainly depends.
In order that our said invention and the manner of performing or carrying same
into practice may be understood, we have, hereunto, appended three sheets of
drawings in which the same letters and numerals are used to designate the respective
parts in all the figures, wherein, shewn.
The first sheet contains Figs. 1 and 2; the second sheet contains Fig. 3 up to
Fig. 8, and, the third sheet contains Fig. 9 up to Fig. 15.
Fig. 1, on Sheet 1, is an elevation view of the outer side of our pneumatic ex-
pansion wheel, partly broken away, and, shewing the complete wheel, relative
to Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of Fig. 1, and is partly broken away.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the inner and outer hub rings, composed of rubber
and other material, and fitted with necks or flanges of same or analagous
material.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the upper portion of Fig. 2 shewing the new arrange-
ment of the braces and also of the internal rubber cylinder, C, fixed on inside of air-
chamber, and also the outer and inner rings of rubber, C3 and C4, affixed respectively
to the discs, 1 and H³.
Fig. is a view of, C, our pneumatic chamber of cylindric shape, composed of india-
rubber or analagous material, as shewn in Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is an end view of Fig 5.

page_text: Fig. 7 shews our cylindric air-chamber of rubber, as shewn in Fig. 6, with said
cylindric rubber air-chamber, eucased in canvas cover of same shape.
Fig. 8 is the same as Fig. 5, shewing, C12, our concentric ring of rubber, otherwise
called a cylindric buffer, solutioned on to the inside of the air-chamber, and, thus in
the event of sudden deflation the use of this internal rubber buffer, at or about the
plunger centre, renders the abstraction of the pneumatic structure unnecessary.
Fig. 9 is a view of Fig. 11, with flaps shewn as similtaneously open.
Fig. 10 is a spread-out plan-view of our automatic clench flaps, used in our pneu-
matic structure, automatically clenching, under air pressure, and, when deflated,
rendering the air-chamber detachable.
Fig. 11 is a view of Fig. 9, with flaps closed.
Fig. 12 is a sectional view of our canvas air-sack as seen in Fig. 11. In this figure
it is assumed that the air-chamber of rubber is inserted and the letter, C, desiguates
the space that in such a case would be allocated to the said air-chamber. In every
instance, in this specification, when the air-chamber is stated to be inserted the
assumption is to be taken for descriptional facility that the said air-chamber is
inserted, also it is to be taken for the same specific reasons that the said air-chamber
is either inflated or deflated, as the case may be in the narrative, herein, given.
Fig. 13 is an end view of the inner side of Fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is an end view of the outer side of Fig. 12.
Fig. 15 is a triple-slide view of our telescopic nave giving, in triple-expansion,
the three principle seperable parts of what, taken in combination, constitute our
triple-expansion telescopic nave each of which will be specifically described, in rotation
order, further on.
The descriptive account is as follows:-
Fig. 1 is an elevation view of the outer side of our pneumatic expansion wheel,
partly broken away, shewing a complete wheel relative to Fig. 2. The wheel is
composed of twelve spokes, and, when finished, would be fitted with ordinary wooden
felloes encircled by the ordinary iron tyre now in use, and, for convenience of a more
explicit description the outer disc, H, is here left out. Á is the axle or space for
axle surrounded by nave, K, or, as in the case of a padded boss, it would then forin a
rudimentary nave, and, therefore, serve all the purposes of an ordinary nave. The
boss we use is one of specific manufacture and padded with soft material such as
solutioned cloth wound round with string or tape; H are the rods or bolts clasping
together the inner and outer discs, H³ and it is a concentric ring of solid
india-rubber, on the outer side, serving the same purpose as C³ on the inner side
which, in the event of sudden deflation, enable the wheels to be run without sus-
taining damage to the plunger tips. Cis the circular space, wherein, the pneumatic
air-chamber of cylindric shape is placed.
When in expansion, this circular space is regular all round the plunger-circle.
PP are the plungers, and, in combination, are called the plunger-circle. F F are
the spokes mortised into the plungers. The spokes and plungers are all of one
kind shewn in this wheel. W is the outer hub ring of rubber. He is the outer
hub ring of iron, covering W2. W is the neck or flange of W2; and, H³ is the
flange or neck of outer hub ring, H, holding in position W. Hare bolts uniting
H7 and H. These bolts are here shewn, twelve in number, but, with blanks, in
alternation, only six would be used, in which case they would be made correspondingly
stronger. V is the valve and O is the outer side of the wheel.
Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of Fig. 1 and is partly broken away.
○ is the
outer, the near or the inflation side; these being all interchangeable terins. I is the
inner, the off or non-inflation side. A is the axle or axle space. K is the nave, or,
as in the case of a padded boss, it is the rudimentary nave, but, herein, for descriptive
convenience, simply designated the nave.
For wheels designed for heavy burden, a regular nave is made of wood into which
the boss is in the usual manner boxed, but in the case of light wheels paddings around
the boss, as already explained, form the rudimentary nave.

page_text: C is our cylinder-shaped air-chamber of specific make and construction, all to be
more fully explained and described, herein. 03 is a concentric ring of solid rubber, on
the inner side, and, 0, a concentric ring of solid rubber, on the outer side.
PP are the plungers, into which are mortised the wooden spokes, F F. W¹ is
the inner hub ring of rubber, with neck or Hange, W8. W is the outer
hub ring of rubber, with neck or flange, W. 11 is the inner hub ring of
iron, or, of aluminium, or, of composite metal, for the sake of lightness. H7 is
the flange or neck of inner hub ring, H¹, covering W and W. He is the outer hub
ring corresponding in shape and utility with H, and, having neck or Hange,
H8, covering W2 and W. Ho are bolts, uniting the necks, H7 and 11s respectively,
covering the buffering necks of rubber, W³ and W. These bolts, Hº, are preferably
screwed on, at the off side, leaving only the button or knob exposed, on the outer
side, and, within the interspaces, between the spokes, looking down upon the wheel,
are placed rubber blocks which, in turn, are covered over by thin metal sheeting all
of which is painted and varnished, or enameled, or otherwise embellished. V is the
valve which is here shewn protruding through the disc, H, but it can be made so as to be
totally enclosed, and, in the event of inflation being required, the disc is screwed off, and,
afterwards replaced. In the shoulder, C. resting on Ke there is an incision made for
the valve protruding, herein, known as the Lunette, and, protecting the valve, there
are fixed two rubber flaps, respectively known as the upper and lower valve flaps, their
object being to prevent injury to the valve through excessive concussive action of
the wheel, while in motion, on specially rough surface or stony roads. 1 is one of
the rods or bolts, clasping together the outer dises, H³ and H. 1 is the inner dise
and H is the outer disc completely covering the outer side.
These two discs, H3 and H4, are, by way of modification, fitted with projections, as
will be explained in Fig. 4.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the inner and outer hub rings of rubber and other
material when fitted with necks or flanges of same or analagous material, W¹ is the
inner hub ring of rubber, and, W is the outer hub ring of rubber. W3 is the neck
or flange of W1, and, W is the neck or flange of W². Ws are solutioned linen tapes
composed of the strongest linen of about 1 inch broad and running in line of axle
and placed at intervals of about 1 inch, or so, apart. The object of these strips of
linen is to give strength and also to prevent the outward creep of the rubber rings
caused by the excessive vibration of the iron hub rings against the rubber buffer hub
rings.
As a substitute for linen tape, we also use strips of cloth solutioned, but the tape
by reason of its extra strength is preferably used. I is the inner side, and 0 the
outer side.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the upper portion of Fig. 2 shewing the new arrange-
inent of the braces, G, and also of the internal rubber cylinder, C, fixed on by means
of solution in the internal portion of the air-chamber; and, also the outer and inner
rings of rubber, C¹³ and C, affixed respectively to the dises, H and 113. The front
disc is, by way of modification, enlarged and can be made to cover the whole of the
air space in this drawing it is shewn as covering the whole of said space-and is
fitted with three, or more, radial arms projecting about an inch beyond the outer
hub ring, H, and, in like manner, the near dise, with three projecting arms, keeping
the inner or near hub ring, H', as shewn in 6202, in its place and, as a consequence
of these projecting parts, a modification in the placement of the braces is here
shewn.
Dispensing with this enlarged disc, the same arrangement as in Fig. 1 of 6202 90
with disc, H, can be used along with auxiliary arms projecting from dise, H³, all as
therein specifically described.
F is the spoke; G the hub brace shewing the novel use, thereof, that is, instead
of bracing the outer portions of H2 and H', the flanges, HS and H³, are braced. He is
the outer hub ring; H', the inner hub ring; Hs, the flange or neck of I, and, 117, the
flange or neck of H; H, the bolt uniting H and H; W2 is the outer hub ring of
rubber with W, the neck or flange of saine; W is the inner hub ring of rubber

page_text: with W3, the neck or flange of same; P is the plunger with, F, spoke soketed and
mortised, therein. C is the air-chamber; C the concentric ring of rubber, on the
outer side, with C3, the same, on the inner side; C is the concentric ring of rubber
fitted on inside the cylinder of the cylindric air-chamber and placed at, or near, the
centre, thereof. C¹³ is an outer ring of rubber attatched or fixed on to disc, Ht, and
used for the prevention of chafing the plunger ends; C is a ring of rubber, on the
inner side, and attatched to disc, H³, and used for similar purposes as that of C. K
is the nave, or, as an equivalent therefor, is the rudimentary nave, all as already
specifically described. I is the inner side and the outer side. H10 is a projection
of H, preventing H" revolving at a greater rate than H10. II" being attatched to
the nave belongs to the inner revolving portion of the wheel; and H10 attatched to H,
belongs to the plunger-circle, and, therefore, to the outer revolving portion of the
wheel. Without the projections, H10 and H", the wheel, in the event of deflation of
air-chamber, would have two rates of rotation, that is to say, the ratio of the inner
revolving portion and that of the outer revolving portion would differ. 11, pro-
jection attatched to H', is, on the inner side, the equivalent of H10, on the outer side.
H13, projection attatched to H³, is, on the inner side, the equivalent of H", on the
outer side.
Fig. 5 is a view of, C, our pneumatic chamber of cylindric shape composed of
india-rubber or analagous material, as shewn in Fig. 2. C is the outer wall of
rubber, as seen in Fig. 6; C is the inner wall of rubber, and, C10 the rubber disc, all
as seen in Fig. 6. V is the valve.
Fig. 6 is an end view of Fig. 5. C is the rubber disc of the cylindric air-chamber
which has solutioned on to it, C, the outer wall and C7, the inner wall, both of rubber.
In constructing this eylindric air-chamber, we obtain a block of wood of the exact
size and mould required for the inner circle upon which we place C', after which a
wooden tube, or preferably two halves of same, fits into the place to be covered by C10,
and, over this we draw, C, the outer wall, after which the process of building one of
the ends is gone on with, after which the wooden moulds are withdrawn and the
disc, C, on the other end put on. To thoroughly strengthen the ends of the
rubber cylinder, strips of patch rubber are solutioned on, wherever necessary.
V is the valve.
Fig. 7 shews our cylindric air-chamber of rubber, as in Fig. 6, with said cylindric
rubber air-chamber encased in canvas cover of same shape, all ready to be put on to the
telescopic nave, further on to be specifically described and detailed. Cs is the outer
cover of the air-chamber sack, likewise cylindrically shaped, and made the exact size
for inception of the air-chamber of rubber, the said air-chamber sack, made of
canvas, is solutioned, at the edges and wherever necessary. C is the inner cover
of C3, and C the canvas disc of the said air-chamber sack or cover, and, inside of
which is the rubber air-chamber, all as already said and specifically described,
in Fig. 6. C is the outer wall of rubber of air-chamber and the inner wall of
same and Co the rubber disc, while V is the valve.
Fig. 8 is the same as Fig. 5, shewing C, our concentric ring of rubber or
cylinder-shaped internal rubber buffer, fitted inside the cylindric air-chamber of
rubber, and placed at or near the centre, thereof. C is the outer wall of rubber and
C7 the inner wall of same, with Co the rubber discs, at either end, all as already
specifically described, in Fig. 5. V is the valve. This cylindric buffer, concentric
with the axle, is made commensurate, in size, with the air-chamber, and is solutioned
inside said air-chamber, and, thus in the event of sudden deflation buffers the
plunger-circle, in the same manner as do the external cylindric rubber buffers,
Cand C³, as will be seen in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, and in this manner the extraction of
the telescopic nave, and, with it, the pneumatic structure from the recess is not
rendered absolutely necessary, the projections, H10 and H", as already described
in Fig. 4, preventing the change of rate in the rotation of the inner and outer
circles of the wheel, all as already specifically described.
Fig. 9 is a view of Fig. 11, with flaps shewn similtaneously open, the same
being the canvas air-sack or cover for holding the air-chamber, C, as shewn in

page_text: Figs. 5 and 8. Cs is the outer cover, and, C, the inner cover while C is the canvas disc.
O is the outer clench flap and 03 part of the outer clench flap solutioned on to the
inner side of the outer end which also applies to the rudimentary or short, auxiliary
flaps, 0, as in Fig. 10. 1 is the inner clench flap and 13 part of the inner clench flap
solutioned on to the inner side of the inner end which also, in like manner, applies
to the rudimentary or short, auxiliary flaps 1, as in Fig. 10.
I is the inner side and 0, the outer. This cover, it will be seen, renders the
air-chamber readily detachable, and, with inflation, it is rendered a rigid elench. In
order to insert the air-chamber, C, the outer and inner clench flaps are all drawn out
and the air-chamber inserted, after which the flaps are closed as seen in Fig. 11
with the inner flap 1 first closed, and, after which operation, the outer flap, 01, is,
in like manner, closed, and afterwards slid on to the telescopic nave, as seen
in Fig. 12. The flaps, in this figure, would assume the places and angles shewn, in
alternation, but, of course, not similtaneously that is to say if the ilap, 01, were
drawn out, the flap I would, in alternation, assume the position shewn, and, on
the other hand, if I were drawn out O¹ would, in its turn, assume the position here
shewn, and both flaps placed in their proper order would assume the positions, as
shewn in Fig. 11.
Fig. 10 is a plan view of the flaps, O and I, spread out flat. O is the outer clench
flap and the inner clench flap. 02 is a rudimentary or short, auxiliary Hap, on the
outer side, and, 12 is, in like manner, a rudimentary or short, auxiliary flap, clenching
on the inner side. These rudimentary flaps are only necessary when a large diameter
nave is used, but with a nave of small diameter the initial grip of the ordinary flaps
is quite sufficient.
The length and breadth of these clench flaps, as also the interspaces between each
Hap, are all regulated by the diameter of the nave, and, therefore, must vary
accordingly. I is the inner side and the outer.
Fig. 11 is a view of Fig. 9, with flaps closed. C³ is the outer cover and the inner
cover, while C" is the canvas disc. is the outer clench flap and O part of the
outer clench flap solutioned on to the inner side of the outer end, as already explained
in Fig. 9. 1 is the inner clench flap and 1 part of the inner clench Hap
solutioned on to the inner side of the inner end, as already explained in Fig. 9. Iis
the inner side and the onter.
Fig. 12 is a sectional view of our canvas air-sack, as seen in Fig. 11.
For convenience of description, all the details, as contained in Fig. 5, are here
omitted except V the valve, the letter C designating the air-chamber in its
entirety.
C3 is the outer cover of air-chamber; the inner cover of CE. C is the
pneumatic chamber of cylindric shape, and, taken here in its entirety, as already
explained. That is to say the space designated C is the space wherein the rubber
air-chamber is placed, and may be either iuflated or deflated, as specified. C is the
canvas dise of air-chamber sack; 0, the outer clenel flap; 11, the inner clench flap;
O, part of outer clench Hap; 13, part of inner clench flap. R are the ribs enclosed
in canvas webbing; K are prongs or rectangular projections attatched to ribs, R. R
is segment of circle attatched to prongs, R; R is the canvas pocket, wherein, Ro
and Rare pocketed. RB is the canvas webbing enclosing ribs, R, which are
comprehensively called the rib-structure, and, in combination with Cis, in its entirety,
designated the telescopic nave. I is the inner side and Q, the outer. The sliding
nave is formed, it will now be seen, with shoulders, C³, resting on iron ring, K, in
conjunction with rib-structure webbed with canvas or solutioned cloth, all as already
described, the said webbing being covered inside or outside, or with both sides, having
a thin sheet or sheets of india-rubber with, at its off side, a composite beading made
of rubber and string with attatchments fixed, thereto, for the purpose of holding the
air-sack in its proper place without any liability of shifting during the process of
telescoping the said sliding nave over the perm ment nave. A ring similar to ring, K
formning a shoulder, can be retained along with the rubber ring, C, but this is only
necessary when the said ring is to be screwed on to the nave, the whole structure

page_text: without said K, belonging to the telescopic nave, can be held or, and, completely
obscured from view by means of the disc, H, and bolts, H.
With C made of rubber sufficiently bard towards the axle, the iron ring, K2, can
thus be dispensed with as an adjunct or auxiliary to our telescopic nave, and, in
which case, it belongs, as hitherto, to the permanent nave.
In fixing the air-sack on to the sliding nave, the inverse order is observed, as
compared with the permanent nave shewn in 6202, the air-sack, with its fixture
arrangements, being slid on, at the off side of the sliding nave, which is more easily
effected, there being no shoulder, thereat, (the shoulder, C³, belonging to the
permanent nave) and is consequently drawn with its valve end towards the
shoulder, K, upon which C rests, and, whereat, the valve is adjusted, and, the off
side of the sack likewise adjusted and tied down to prevent shifting of the air-sack
and also to free it from creases in the cloth and rubber, in the process of telescoping.
This done, inflation is, at once, given to the pneumatic structure, the air, under
compression, immediately dispersing itself throughout the whole circle, with equal
force and regularity, thereby, causing the ribs, R", enclosed in canvas webbing, R13,
to immediately press against the pneumatic sliding nave, R13, holding the two
naves in unition as one nave they being so held and, thereby, rendered
irrenovable until the deflation shall have been effected. The ribs of the pneumatic,
sliding on telescopic nave are made of metal or of hard wood, and, webbed in
canvas. They can also be made tubular, and, are preferably made in pairs, three
pairs of these ribs being the commonest combination, though of course a greater.
number, with larger diameter naves, could be used. If the ribs be used singly,
instead of in pairs, a grooving is made for their inception to prevent creep, but that
difficulty is all obviated by making the ribs in pairs, as will be seen in Figs. 13
and 14, wherein, the ribs, R, are placed on either side of the bolts, H, which they
clasp, before inflation, and, under inflation, remain irremovably fixed, with
centripetal grip, and, as for centrifugal grip, that is secured by means of the tips of
the plunger buffers, 1 L, as shewn in Figs. 3 and 4 of 6202
I is the inner side. R13 is
Fig. 13 is an end view of the inner side of Fig. 12.
the canvas webbing enclosing ribs, R. R° are the ribs enclosed in the canvas
webbing, herein, shewn by pairs. 10 are prongs made of steel attatched to ribs.
When wood, instead of metal, is used, the air-sack is simply tied down by means of
string or other similar fixing. K is the segment of a circle, made of the same
metal as the prongs, and, consequently forming one piece with prongs and ribs, or,
of one piece, with one prong and one rib. R is the pocket, wherein, R1 and Ru
are pocketed.
This pocket is made of canvas solutioned, but, for further strength-giving power,
These little iron dises
is composed of an iron disc or dises, worked into the canvas.
are preferably segmentary and, in all cases, made of less diameter than the rubber
ring, C, and are, thereby, not subject to injury, in the event of sudden deflation.
C is the canvas disc of the air-chamber sack or cover. Hare the bolts gripped on
either side by the dual ribs, R. In putting the segments, R", through the
channel, C and O¹, it will be at once seen that this is easily effected, as the
segments, R and the canvas webbing R13, readily yield for the work of telescoping
the air-sack on to the telescopic nave, and, in like manner, is the latter with the
former, in combination, slid on, or telescoped on to the permanent nave. In Fig. 15,
a triple-slide view of all this is given.
Fig. 14 is an end view of the outer side of Fig. 12 shewing the telescopic nave
A is the axle or axle space.
enclosed in the plunger-circle. O is the outer side.
Cis a concentric
C is the space occupied by the air-chamber, as shewn in Fig. 1.
ring of rubber. Ho are rods or bolts clasping together the inner and outer discs,
H3 and I. 1º are the dual ribs enclosed in canvas webbing, one on either side of
bolts, Ho, which, under inflation, are all immovably held together, no creeping of the
pneumatic structure being possible, either in line of traction or in line of axle.
Rs is the canvas webbing enclosing ribs, R, which are comprehensively called the
rib structure and in combination with C is herein designated the telescopic nave.
R

page_text: V is the valve and K is the nave. P are the plungers which, taken in combination,
is, herein, called the plunger-circle.
Fig. 15 is a triple-slide view of our telescopic nave shewing the three expansions
respectively, from the outer side, as follows:-The first portion being the telescopic
nave, composed of C, R and R13, as shewn in Fig. 12, the prongs, R10, being here
broken off, in order to shew the similtaneous triple-expansion and thereby a com-
prehensive view of our invention. The second portion being the air-chamber sack
or cover, in its entirety, as shewn in Fig. 11 and enclosing the air-chamber, in its
entirety, as shewn in either Fig. 5 or in Fig. 8, and the third portion being K, the
nave, or, as in the case of a padded boss, a rudimentary nave, serving the same purpose
as a nave, all as already specifically described. C is the concentric ring of solid rubber,
on the outer side; C is the air-chamber, in its entirety; C is the outer wall of the
air-chamber sack; C, the canvas dises of the air-chamber sack; V is the valve and
K the nave, or the rudimentary nave, as already explained; I is the inner side and
O the outer. These three parts, as above detailed and here shewn in triple-
expansion, can be held in the manner shewn, under air compression, the pneumatic
structure having, in itself, the clench power necessary for even a high inflation,
without the aid of the plunger-circle, as seen in Fig. 1. The inflation we ordinarily
use is that of three atmospheres, or, about forty-five pounds per square inch, but of
course that necessarily varies with size of wheel, or nature of load, or with both.
The ribs, R, and the prongs, 110, as well as their attatched segments, R, can all
be insulated with india-rubber or gutta-percha or other insulating material, and, for
further deadening means, we can use, around the skeleton boss, either india-rubber or
gutta-percha. And, for the various portions of wheel, we use, for the sake of light-
ness, aluminium or the various compounds made therefrom, particularly that
compound which is now commercially known as alcolite. The term air-sack, herein-
hefore used, is a contracted form for air-chamber-sack or cover.
The term triple-slide view, as seen in Fig. 15, is used herein, in giving a com-
prehensive view of our invention, with its first second and third portions, all as
already specifically described, in said Fig. 15.
In that figure, it will be seen that the first portion consisting of the telescopic
nave, in combination with the rigid nave or rudimentary nave, can, with an indepen-
dent inflation, be held under air pressure, in the position as shewn in said Fig. 15,
aud, in said position, under normal inflation of say forty-five pounds per square inch,
held in that position, until released by deflation. By "independent inflation" is
meant an inflation out of the plunger-circle, and, by "simultaneous triple-expansion"
is meant an inflation, out of the plunger-circle, of the three constituents composing
our invention, as seen in Fig. 15, in so far as it relates to that particular portion of
our said invention, that is to say (firstly) the nave or rudimentary nave (secondly)
the sliding, the detatchable or the telescopic nave, and, (thirdly) the air-chamber, with
its necessary adjuncts, encircling the two former which are held by the pneumatic
force of the latter, the three, in simultaneous placement, as seen in Fig. 15, give
the aforsaid comprehensive or triple-slide view of our detachable or telescopic nave,
rigidly held by independent inflation.
We, hereat, desire it to be known that the reference letter, K2, in every instance,
denotes a part described in Small, Mac Lellan and Walker's Specification, No. 6202
A.). 1896, and, not a part described in the present specification. As already stated
in this specification, the said ring, K, can be dispensed with as an adjunct or
auxiliary to our telescopic nave, and in which case it belongs as, hitherto, to the
permanent nave and in consequence of which the rubber ring, C, is indurated
towards the axle by means of a series of concentric rings of rubber of variable hard-
ness and softness, the hardest being as already stated towards the axle and graduat-
ing from hard, on the axle side, or on that side towards the axle, to soft, at the
buffering point, or at that point towards the plunger tips.
In Figs. 12, 14 and 15 designating the air-chamber of rubber, we, hereat, desire
it to be known that although the air-chamber, C, is not shewn in the drawings
the letter, C, designates the allocation of same or the space to be occupied by said.

page_text: air-chamber. In every instance in this specification when the air-chamber is stated
to be inserted it is then, of course, to be assumed that the said air-chamber is
inserted, inflated or deflated, as the case may be, all as specified, herein, and that it
occupies the space or locality allocated to it, in the drawings, hereof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and, in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :—
First. The method of manufacturing, or constructing, a pneumatic, expansion, or,
telescopic, sliding nave for our pneumatic expansion wheel, or, other pneumatic
wheels, substantially as, herein, described in reference to and shewn in the accompany-
ing drawings.
Second. The cylindric shaped pneumatic chamber with outer and inner walls and
discs of rubber, with valve, all as specifically described and shewn in Figs. 5 and 6 of
the accompanying drawings.
Third. The cylindric shaped pneumatic chamber with, C2, the concentric ring of
rubber fitted inside of said chamber, all as specifically described and shewn in Fig. 8
of the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. The canvas air-sack or envelope, otherwise called the air-chamber sack or
cover, with clench flaps solutioned or otherwise fixed, therein, all as specifically
described and shewn in Figs. 9, 10 and 11 of the accompanying drawings.
Fifth. The cylindric shaped pneumatic chamber, as shewn in Figs. 5, 6 and 8,
enclosed in canvas air-sack or envelope, as shewn in Fig. 11, forming, in combina-
tion, an inflatable air-chamber, all as specifically described and shewn in Fig. 7 of
the accompanying drawings.
Sixth. The telescopic or sliding nave composed of members R, R¹s and C³, all as
specifically described and shewn in Figs. 12 and 15 of the accompanying drawings.
Seventh. The telescopic or sliding nave composed of members R, R¹³ and C, in
combination with R and R", the latter two being pocketed in R, all as specifically
described and shewn in the accompanying drawings, in Figs. 12 and 13.
Eighth. The telescopic or sliding nave, as per sixth and seventh claims, hereof, in
combination with enveloped air-chamber, as per fifth claim, hereof, and, surrounding
the nave, K, all as specifically described and shewn in Fig. 15 of the accompanying
drawings.
Ninth. The necks, W³ and W, of the inner and outer hub rings of rubber or
analagous material, with tape structure, W, all as specifically described and shewn
in Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Tenth. The novel arrangement of the braces, G, binding together the metallic
necks, and Hs, and buffering the necks, W³ and W, all as specifically described
and shewn in Fig. 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Eleventh. The hub ring necks, and H8, welded or otherwise fixed to their
respective hub rings, Hand H², holding together, for lateral buffering purposes, the
necks, W3 and W, held together by the bolts, Hº, all as specifically described and
shewn in Fig. 2 and in Fig. 1, hereof.
Twelfth. A telescopic or sliding nave resting in the recess of plunger-circle, as seen
in Figs. 1 and 2, and, surrounding the nave, or, its equivalent, a rudimentary nave,
all as already specifically described in the aforenamed drawings, and, in this
specification.
T
1000
JOHN BALLANTYNE SMALL.
JAMES WEDDERBURN OGILVY WALKER.