IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS, OR GLOWLAMP'S
Year: 1884

page_text: I, JAMES SWINBURNE, of 41 Manor Road, St. John's in the County of Kent
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENT IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS, OR GLOWLAMP'S " to be as
follows:-
My invention has for its object the joining of carbon filaments to leading-in
wires in incandescent, or, as I call them, "glowlamps.”
Carbon filaments are usually joined by a mechanical grip, or by electro deposition
of metal over the junction. They have also been joined by heating the carbon by
an electric current in contact with a gas, liquid, or vapour which decomposed and
deposited carbon over a mechanical junction. In this case the whole length of the
carbon was heated.
According to another method which is sometimes adopted, the end of the filament
is inserted in a platinum socket formed on the leading-in wire; the junction is then
locally electrically heated and carbon from a surrounding liquid or vapour is
deposited over the junction.
Now, according to my invention, a metallic socket is dispensed with and a
touching contact is made of the carbon filament end and the leading-in wire.
Then the juxtaposed ends of the filament and leading-in wire are locally heated by
current or otherwise. In this way I can make a butt, or a lap, or a cross joint.
The carbon filament may be first attached by a suitable cement such as moistened
black lead, and the junction be afterwards locally heated. The carbon filainent
may be joined to iron, nickel, gold, or cobalt or any conductor that will stand the
heat. A small carbon sleeve may be used to attach the carbon and make contact to
start with. When a tubular carbon is used its hollow cnd may be slipped over the
leading-in wire.
Dated this 10th day of January 1884
W. LLOYD WISE,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: I, JAMES SWINBURNE, of 41 Manor Road Brockley in the County of Kent,
Electrician do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF INCANDESCENT LAMPS and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My-invention has for its object the joining of carbon filaments to leading in
wires in incandescent, or as I call them glowlamps.
Carbon filaments are usually joined by a mechanical grip or by electric deposition
of metal over the junction. They have also been joined by heating the carbon by
an electric current in contact with a gas liquid, or vapour, which decomposed and
deposited carbon over a nechanical junction. In this case the whole length of the
filament was heated.
According to another method which is sometimes adopted the end of the
filament is inserted in a platinum socket formed on the leading in wire, the
junction is then locally electrically heated, & carbon from a surrounding liquid or
vapour is deposited over the joint.
Now according to my invention a metallic socket is dispensed with. A contact
is made of the carbon filament end & the leading in wire, or else the ends are
put close together & electrical contact is made by a suitable cement. Then the
juxtaposed ends of the filament and leading in wires are heated by current or
otherwise in the presence of gas or carbonaceous vapour or liquid.
If coal gas is used it may be passed over gazoline or petroleum ether to
enrich it.
If the leading in wires are already fixed to a glass stem it is difficult to make
two contacts good, & it is advisable to touch the points of contact with cement.
Graphito with a littlo dextrin and water make a good cement which may be
applied with a camel's hair pencil. The current should be increased gradually. If
the leading in wires are separate it is easier to secure two good contacts. The
pieces may be supported so as to rest on their ends on the ends of the filament,
& the junction can be short circuited under benzole, aniline, oil or other liquid.
When gas is used as the depositing medium the filament & wires may well be
horizontal, but when liquid is used it is best to have them vertical with the wires
uppermost.
I may make the joints without the aid of electrical heating, by placing tho
wire & carbon ends close together & applying cement which conducts when
carbonized, & then heating the whole in a little furnace. By the above methods
butt, lap, or cross joints can be made. The filaments may be joined to iron, nickel,
gold, platinum, cobalt, or any other conductor that will stand the heat. A small
carbon sleeve may be used to make initial contact for shortcircuiting; or if the
filament is hollow, the end may be slipped over the leading in wire.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, & in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a glowlamp, a joint of the filament and leading in wire made without a
metallic socket.
2. In a glowlamp, a butt, cross, or lap joint of the filament & leading in wires.

page_text: 3. In a glowlamp, a butt, cross, or lap joint of the filament & leading in wires
made by shortcircuiting substantially as set forth.
4. In a glowlamp, a butt, cross, or lap joint of the filament & leading in
wires made by cement carbonised by heating the whole substantially as set forth.
5. In a glowlamp, a joint made by a small carbon sleeve hardened on by
shortcircuiting in carbonaceous gas or vapour.
Dated thie 0th day of October 1881