CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bullough, of Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 14th February 1865, and dated the 31st August 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bullough at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the
31st August 1864.
I, WILLIAM BULLOUGH, of Blackburn; in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:
My improvements relate to the letting-off, and taking up motions of the
loom. I give a positive letting-off motion to the roller around which the
warp passes on leaving the warp beam by means of a tappet acting on a lever,
which gives motion to another lever having a catch taking into a ratchet
wheel which is fast tola worm gearing in a wheel on the axle of the said
roller. The taking-up motion is also worked from the tappet lever above
referred to, a link from which works the catch of the usual ratchet wheel
for driving by a pinion and wheel the cloth roller. This cloth roller is allowed
to vibrate by a coiled spring, one end of which is fast to the axle of the roller
and the other is connected by a pin to the driving wheel, which is loose on the
axle. The motion of the cloth roller is governed, according to the diameter

page_text: of the cloth wound on it, by a rod pressing on the cloth and acting on the
point of connection of the link from the tappet lever. The tension of the
cloth is given by a weighted lever acting on the rod pressing on the cloth.
Or the roller around which the warp passes and the cloth roller may be
driven by worms on a side shaft and worm wheels, one of the worms being
loose on the shaft but connected to it by a friction apparatus.
The last part of my Invention consists of an improved apparatus to protect
the selvage of the cloth. To the ordinary fixing of the temples or to any
other convenient fixing is attached the fulcrum of a double lever, one arm of
which is worked by the lay sword or other moving part of the loom, and the
other arm, which is bent down and is pointed, enters at every pick into the
warps near the selvage. The weft, is doubled round this pointed lever, and if
the weft catches on the cop the strain is put on the point of the lever instead!
of on the selvage, as now customary.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of 'the. Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Bullough in the Great Seal Patent Office on the,
25th February 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BULLOUGH, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send.
greeting.
1.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Bullough, Her special license that I, the said William Bullough,
my executors, administrators, and assigns; or such others. as I, the said
William Bullough, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exér-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,-
the said William Bullough, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature, of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed.

page_text: in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Bullough, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement (that is to say) :-
1. My Invention consists, first, in the combination of a positive letting-off
motion and a yielding or compensating taking-up motion; and, secondly, in
an improved apparatus to protect the selvage of the fabric when in the loom.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a loom to which part of my improvements is
applied; Fig. 2 is a side view of the same.
2
a is the crank shaft; b, the tappet shaft; c, the warp beam; d, the breast
beam; and e, the cloth roller; these parts and all the other parts requisite to
complete the loom, but which are not shewn or not particularly referred to
hereafter, are made in the usual manner. 6' is an eccentric or tappet fixed
to the end of the tappet shaft b, this eccentric or tappet acting on the forked.
leverf gives an oscillating motion to the horizontal lever f', the left-band
end of which moves up and down the link g, which is jointed above to an
adjustable stud fitting in a slot in the lever g¹. This lever is hinged to the
shaft h, to which are fixed the ratchet wheel h' and worm 'h. In the lever g¹
is a second slot for the adjustable stud of the catch g², which gives motion to
the ratchet wheel h', and this motion is communicated by the worm h to the
worm wheel i fixed to the axle of the roller . The warp on leaving the
warp beam c is taken over the roller j and then around the roller i¹, and
these two rollers are pressed together by springs or otherwise, consequently.
the positive motion given to the roller by the lever f³, as above described,
imparts a positive letting-off motion to the warp. The right-hand end of the
leverf gives an upward motion to the weighted rod k, the down stroke of
which is governed according to the tension of the cloth by the weights k'. The
upper end of the rod k is hinged to an adjustable stud passing through a. slot
in the elbow, lever 1, to the upright arm, of which is jointed the catch.¹ for
driving the ratchet wheel m, which is connected as usual to the pinion m³,
gearing into the wheel e' on the taking-up roller e. The retaining catch 1³ is
jointed to the fulcrum stud of the elbow lever 7. The fabric after passing over
the breast beam d is taken under the roller o, and then it is. wound on to the
cloth roller e; the ends of the axle of the roller o pass through slots in the frame.

page_text: sides, and the roller is weighted and held horizontal by the links o²; see Fig. 2,
and levers o³, which are connected by toothed segments. Above the roller o
is the lever o¹, connectcil by a link to the catch . The pressing bar p bears
upon the fabric on the cloth roller e, and one end of the bar p is connected by.
the link to the stud of the rod k, consequently as the cloth accumulates on
the roller e the stud is moved further from the fulcrum of the lever 1, and the
pressure of the weights is increased in proportion to the increasing diameter
of the cloth on the roller e.. When the taking-up motion exceeds the length
of warp let off, the roller o, which is supported in a loop of the cloth, is
drawn up, and tlic-lever o! then raises the catch and stops. the taking up
until the roller o is lowered, when the catch again drops into gear with the
ratchet wheel mand. the taking-up motion proceeds as before.
+
Fig. 3 represents a modification of my Invention. The eccentric 6-acts on
the forked lever f, and the lever f¹gives the upward and downward. motion.
to the rod k, the upper end of which is connected to an adjustable stud in the
lever g', similar to that shewn in Fig. 2. The catch g² gives motion to the
ratchet wheel-h-fixed to one end of the shaft h, at the other end of which is
fixed the worm for giving the positive letting-off motion to the warp by
means of the worm .wheel i and rollers i¹ and j, as before described... At the
end of the axle. of the cloth roller e-is the worm wheel e, the axle and wheel
being connected together by the coiled spring e, one end of which is secured
to the. worm wheel e², and the other end to the axle. The worm h³ gears
into the wheel e²; this worm is loose on the shaft: h, but connected to it when
required by tlie clutch box h', which slides to and fro on a key, and the upper.
end of the lever o' takes into a groove in the clutch box.
⚫ The mode of operation is as follows:-When the roller e takes up too fast
the roller o rises, and the axle thereof acting on the inclined slot in the lever o'
moves the sliding clutch box h* out of gear- with the clutches on the worm-h²,
which being loose on the shaft h then ceases to act on the worm wheel e³ and
the taking-up roller remains .inactive until the roller o descends; the sliding
clutch box is thus again brought into gear and the roller-e proceeds to take
up as before.. The object of the coiled spring is to allow the worm wheel e
to revolve partly round without giving motion to the roller c, in order to
prevent any injurious strain on the fabric. I wish to observe that a friction.
apparatus may be applied instead of the clutch box shewn. - - ..
Fig. 4 represents a modification of my Invention when my improvements
are applied to the ordinary taking-up motion. To the ordinary retaining
catch is fixed the bar ", having an incline bearing against the axle of the
roller o.
When the roller o rises owing to the taking up being in excess

page_text: of the letting off, the retaining catch 12 is lifted off the ratchet wheel m and
the taking up on the cloth beam ceases until the roller o descends sufficiently
to allow the catch to drop on the ratchet wheel m. I wish to observe here
that the taking-up motion is always set so as to take up rather faster than
the warp is let off.
Fig. 5 represents my improved apparatus to protect the selvages of the
fabric in the loom. is a temple of the ordinary construction; s, the lay or
batten, and s, the lay sword; t is a lever fixed to the cross shaft t³, a similar
lever being placed at the opposite side of the loom; the bearings for the shaft t³
are secured to the breast beam d or to any convenient part of the loom; the
outer ends of the lever tare bent over the temple and are pointed to enter
between the outer warp threads; to the shaft t3 or to one of the levers t is
fixed the lever t', having an incline upon it, against which the stud s³, fixed to
one of the lay swords, acts.
The mode of operation is as follows:-When the shuttle is crossing the
shed the pointed ends of the levers t are down, as shewn in the Drawing, so
that if the weft catches on the cop in the shuttle the strain instead of being
given to the outer warp threads, to the injury of the selvage, is put on the
points of the levers t, and when the reed is nearly in position for beating up
the weft, the stud & acting on the incline of the lever t¹ lifts the lovers & clear
of the reed.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention and described the means of
performing the same, I declare that I claim,-
First, the combination of a positive letting-off motion and a yielding taking-
up motion, and particularly the roller o supported in a loop of the fabric, as
described.
And, secondly, the apparatus described or any modification thereof for pro-
tecting the selvages of the fabric in the loom.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Bullough, have hereto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-first day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
WILLIAM BULLOUGH. (L.S.)