AN IMPROVED HOT-AIR STOVE WHERE PEAT CHARCOAL IS THE FUEL EMPLOYED; AND FOR THE METHOD OF USING PEAT CHARCOAL OR OTHER SUITABLE FUEL IN CONNECTION WITH THE SAID STOVE OR OTHER STOVES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PURIFYING OR FILTERING THE GASEOUS PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Judge Hays, of Hitchin, in the County of
Hertford, Gentleman, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED HOT-AIR
STOVE WHERE PEAT CHARCOAL IS THE FUEL EMPLOYED; AND FOR THE METHOD OF
USING PEAT CHARCOAL OR OTHER SUITABLE FUEL IN CONNECTION WITH THE SAID
STOVE OR OTHER STOVES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PURIFYING OR FILTERING THE
GASEOUS PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION."
Sealed the 28th July 1863, and dated the 4th February 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Judge Hays at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1863.
I, JOSEPH JUDGE HAYS, of Hitchin, in the County of Hertford, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HOT-AIR
STOVE WHERE PEAT CHARCOAL IS THE FUEL EMPLOYED; AND FOR THE METHOD OF
USING PEAT CHARCOAL OR OTHER SUITABLE FUEL IN CONNECTION WITH THE SAID STOVE
OR OTHER STOVES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PURIFYING OR FILTERING THE GASEOUS PRO-
DUCTS OF COMBUSTION," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a stove suitable for burning peat charcoal,
and consists of an inner grate and ash-pan connected therewith and sur-
rounded by an air chamber, which is entirely insulated or separated from the
inner or fire compartment, so that none of the products of combustion can pass

page_text: or enter therein. The inner chamber containing the grate is supplied with
atmospheric air through a regulating valve in the ash-pan or other convenient
place at or near the bottom of the stove, and the burnt gases from the com-
bustion of the peat charcoal may be conducted by means of a pipe or tube into
a chimney or elsewhere, or the said products of combustion may pass through
the peat charcoal purifying or filtering appendage hereafter to be described.
The outer or air chamber which surrounds the grate communicates with the
external atmosphere by means of a suitable pipe, or other convenient method,
which is attached to the lower or under side of the said chamber, the upper
side or top of the chamber being provided with perforations through which the
air from the external atmosphere, after having been heated to a proper tem-
perature on its upward passage, escapes into the room or apartment free from
any burnt or obnoxious gases. These stoves may be ornamented to suit the
taste of the public, and may be made of any suitable material.
The second part of this Invention relates to the employment of peat charcoal
as a purifyer or filterer of the gaseous products of combustion. The apparatus
containing the peat charcoal is constructed in the shape of a vase, or any other
convenient or ornamental form, and is surmounted over the stove in the place
of the ordinary pipe or funnel, or placed in any other convenient position, so
that the burnt gases derived from the combustion of the fuel may be compelled
to pass through the peat charcoal before they can be emitted into the atmo-
sphere. This apparatus may be applied as an appendage to the above-
described peat charcoal stove, or to any other stove or furnace where it is
desirable to deodorize or purify the gaseous products arising from the com-
bustion of the fuel or fuels employed, and may be constructed of any suitable
material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Judge Hays in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th August 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
JUDGE HAYS, of Hitchin, in the County of Hertford, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for, Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto

page_text: me, the said Joseph Judge Hays, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph
Judge Hays, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Joseph Judge Hays, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others; from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make;
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
HOT-AIR STOVE WHERE PEAT CHARCOAL IS THE FUEL EMPLOYED; AND FOR THE
METHOD OF USING PEAT CHARCOAL OR OTHER SUITABLE FUEL IN CONNECTION WITH
THE SAID STOVE OR OTHER STOVES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PURIFYING OR FILTERING THE
GASEOUS PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,"
the said Joseph Judge Hays, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed; and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Judge Hays, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:
Fig. 1 is a plan shewing the internal arrangement of the stove; Fig. II. is
a plán having the purifyer removed, and shewing the apertures in the cover of
the stove through which the warm air ascends; Fig. III. is a vertical section,
and Fig. IV. an elevation of the same.
The stove which forms part of this Invention consists of an external case a,
of any form or device, and constructed of sheet iron or other suitable material;
b is the grate, composed of light bars or rods and fixed to the cover o of the
stove, where there is formed an opening d, through which the products of
combustion pass; the bottom of the grate is made of a conical form, by
preference, to facilitate the first lighting of the fuel, as hereafter to be
explained; e is a partition made of thin sheet iron, of the form of the stove, but
of less diameter; this partition' sérves to isolate the fire and prevent any of the
burnt gasses from mixing with the air that becomes heated between' the par-
tition and outer case of the stove. The bottom of the partition & is formed to
receive the ash-pañ f, which' is made in the fashion of a drawer, and furnished
with an air regulator 9, any convenient construction'; h is the purifyer;
this part of the apparatus may be made of any form, but of no less capacity'
than would contain the same quantity of charcoal that the grate is capable of

page_text: holding, and may be ornamented according to the taste of the manufacturer.
i shows a method for regulating the discharge of the gasses from the com-
bustion of the fuel, which are caused to pass into and through the purifyer
before entering into the atmosphere. This regulator may be made in any
approved way, but I prefer to construct it, as shewn, formed of two cylinders,
each having corresponding holes made in their sides, the inside cylinder i
being attached to the cover of the stove, and the outer cylinder j being fixed
to the purifyer; thus by turning the purifyer the holes will be opened or closed
at pleasure. I also place around the bottom of the regulator a graduated
index, whereby the amount of opening may be seen from the exterior. k, k, k,
are small apertures in the cover of the stove, to permit the air to pass into the
apartment after having become heated in its passage between the partition
and the external case of the stove.
The working of the apparatus may be explained as follows:-The purifyer
is removed and peat charcoal or other suitable fuel is placed in the grate
through the opening i; the purifyer is then to be filled with charcoal, peat
charcoal being preferred from its superior properties in absorbing gasses with
facility; the purifyer is then fixed in its place, and the amount of opening
regulated for the passage of the gasses. The charcoal in the grate may now
be lighted, and the most convenient method of performing the same is to draw
out the ash pan and substitute a small spirit lamp in its place, the flame of
which will rise up the conical bottom of the grate and speedily ignite the char-
coal. The gasseous products rise and percolate through the peat charcoal in
the purifyer or filterer, and are emitted into the apartment inodorous and per-
fectly free from carbonic acid gas, while the air between the outer case of the
stove and the partition which separates it from the grate becomes heated
and ascends, passing off by the apparatus k in the cover c, fresh air being
continuously replenished from below, drawn either from the apartment or
supplied by means of a pipe from the atmosphere without.
In conclusion, let it be understood that I do not claim any form or device
in particular for these stoves, nor the materials used in their construction; but
I claim,―
1st, a hot-air stove, having the grate so constructed that none of the
gaseous products derived from the combustion of the fuel employed shall pass
into the atmosphere until they have passed through the purifyer.
2nd, a purifyer for the purpose of absorbing the carbonic acid gas formed
from the combustion of fuel, composed of a vessel or chamber of any kind or
form, and filled or partially filled with charcoal, and, by preference, peat
charcoal.

page_text: 3rd, the mode of arrangement of a stove as above described, whereby air
is confined and heated in passing through the apparatus without coming in
actual contact with the fire.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Judge Hays, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JOSEPH JUDGE HAYS. (L.S.)