IM- ADAMIA WARD BAD MOMENTE BRICKS AND LUMP
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert Wentworth Conner, Engineer, of 3, Crooked
Lane, Cannon Street, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IM-
ADAMIA WARD BAD MOMENTE BRICKS AND LUMP"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albert Wentworth
Conner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th March 1854.
I, ALBERT WENTWORTH CONNER, Engineer, of 3, Crooked Lane, Cannon
Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED FOR MOULDING BRICKS AND LUMPS"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for moulding
bricks, where a chain or succession of moulds is used. For which purpose
the moulds, in place of being made of cast iron, are made of wrought sheet
iron, each mould consisting of three sides, the fourth side of each mould
being the outer surface of one side of the next mould. Sheet iron of the
proper width is bent so as to form three parts of a mould, but, in place of
bending the sheet at right angles simply, it is bent at the angles of the mould
into a cylindrical form, and the angles of the mould are formed by the coming
together of the sheet metal after the sheet metal has been bent into a cylin-
drical form; hence, each mould will at its angles be composed of two sides,
and where the sides come together and form the angles of the mould there

page_text: are cylinders outside of the angles which fit on studs formed on the chain,
which moves the moulds through the machine, and these cylinders also form
stops to the two sides of the next mould. These moulds are coated with
asphalte or bituminous matter and sand; and in order to sand the moulds as
they go up to be filled, a box or trough is used, with a perforated bottom
suspended on a spring or springs, and motion is given to such trough by a
connecting rod acted on by a cam. In order to remove any excess of clay
or brick earth from the moulds, as they pass along, a combined scraper is
used; the first portion is a straight edge of sheet iron which comes under
and in contact with the filling roller; the edge keeps the roller scraped, and
the under surface removes the excess of brick earth or clay, and the other
portion is a blade the edge of which stands across the mould at an angle, and
is pressed down by a weight or spring at one end, which removes any
clay or brick earth which may have risen after passing the other scraper.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Albert Wentworth Conner in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th September 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALBERT
WENTWORTH CONNER, Engineer, of 3, Crooked Lane, Cannon Street, in the
City of London, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her-Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four,.in the seventeenth year of Her.
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors; give and grant unto me, the
said Albert Wentworth Conner, Her special licence that I,, the said: Albert
Wentworth Conner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I; the said Albert: Wentworth, Conner, my executors, administrators, and
>assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED POR MOULDING BRICKS AND LUMPS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Albert Wentworth Conner, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Albert. Wentworth Conner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention; and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say): -
.:
*
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for moulding
bricks where a chain or succession of moulds is used. For which purpose
the moulds, 'in place of being made of cast iron, are made of wrought 'sheet
iron, each mould consisting of three sides, the fourth side of each mould being
the outer surface of one side of the next mould. Sheet iron of the proper
width is bent so as to form three parts of a mould, but, in place of bending
the sheet at right angles simply, it is bent at the angles of the mould into a
cylindrical form, and the angles of the mould are formed by the coming
together of the sheet metal after the sheet metal has been bent into a cylin
drical form; hence, each mould will at its angles be composed of two sides; and
where the sides come together and form the angles of the mould there are cylin-
ders outside of the angles, which fit on studs formed on the chain which moves
the moulds through the machine, and these cylinders also form stops to the two
sides of the next mould. These moulds are coated with asphalte or bitu-
minous matter and sand; and in order to sand the moulds as they go up to be
filled, a box or trough is used, with a perforated bottom suspended on a spring
or springs, and motion is given to such trough by a connecting rod acted on
by a cam. In order to remove any excess of clay or brick earth from the
moulds as they pass along a combined scraper is used; the first portion is a
straight edge of sheet iron which comes under and in contact with the filling
roller; the edge keeps the roller scraped, and the under surface removes the
excess of brick, earth, or clay, and the other portion is a blade, the edge of
which stands across the mould at an angle, and is pressed down by a weight
or spring at one end, which removes any clay or brick earth which may have
risen after passing the other scraper.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a right hand side view; Figure 2 is a left hand side view;
Figure 3, a longitudinal section; Figure 4, a plan; Figures 5 and 6, end
views; and Figure 7, a transverse section of a machine constructed according
to my Invention
is the nur mill (fitted with revolving kniens &\

page_text: which the clay or brick earth for the manufacture of bricks or lumps is sup-
plied. c, c, are the moulds which are placed upon pins or studs on the endless
chains d, d, which are caused to move in a horizontal direction by means of
the four toothed drums or barrels e, c, supported on axes at the extremities of
the machine. f is the driving shaft, which receives motion by a drum or
wheel at its outer end from a steam engine or other suitable motive power,
and which gives to the endless chain d (by means of the excentric g, the bell-
cranked lever h, and the paul and ratchet wheel i and i',) a step by step inove-
ment. j,j, are rollers, supported on bearings on each side of the machine,
which revolve in cavities or openings cast for that purpose in the sides of the
pug mill, in order that the brick earth, as it fills the moulds in succession at
the bottom of the pug mill, may be compressed into the mould, as they travel
underneath their rotating surfaces. 'These rollers, like the toothed drums
which actuate the chains, have a step by step motion communicated from the
_bell cranked lever h by means of the rod k, and ratchet wheel and paul
and l¹.
m is a bar for supporting two wrought iron or steel scrapers to act on
the rollers j, j; which scrapers are intended, by keeping their edges continually
in contact with the peripheries of the rollers, to remove any brick earth or
other material which may adhere to the surface of the rollers; and these
-scrapers also prevent any excess of clay or brick earth being carried forward
by the moulds. n, n, are additional scrapers which I employ to level the sur-
faces of the moulds as they come from under the rollers j, j; the additional
-scrapers n, n, being necessary to remove any excess of clay or brick earth which
may have risen above the surface of the moulds after passing the pressing
roller and scraper m; these scrapers are made of steel, wrought iron, or other
suitable material, and are placed obliquely, as shewn in the plan Figure 4, and
being attached securely to the framing of the machine on either side, and to
the bar m at the centre by chains or other suitable means, they produce a
.perfectly flat and even surface on the upper side of the mould. o is a water
tank, which, by means of the two perforated pipes, o', o', moistens the
scrapers n, n, and not only renders the superfluous clay or brick earth they
take up. from the surface of the moulds casily removable by hand, but prevents
the upper surface of the brick having a rough or uneven appearance by being
submitted to the action of a dry scraper. p is the sand box, perforated at the
bottom and suspended from the machine by the springs p', p'; when in use
. this box receives a vibratory motion from the connecting rod p², which is actu
rated by the cam p³, revolving on the shaft p, connected to the main driving
shaft by the spur wheels q, q. Figure 8 represents detached views on a
larger scale of an apparatus I employ for stopping or starting the machine

page_text: when required. is a plate firmly bolted by the bolt to the bell cranked
lever h; and s is the eccentric rod formed with a slot s¹, so that when the main
or driving shaft rotates, the lower end of the rod will slide freely backwards
and forwards without communicating motion to the machine. At this end of
the rod, a little above the slot, is a tumbler t, capable of receiving a partial
rotatory motion from the handle t¹; and this tumbler is so constructed that
when it is moved in the direction of the rod, it slides freely in the slot ²; but
when its length is turned across the rod, which it is permitted to do by the
eye in the plate 2, it will press against the resisting edges of the eye, and
thus actuate the lever h, and with it (if the paul and ratchet wheel i and i' are
connected) the chains and moulds.
When the machine is started for the purpose of making bricks or lumps, I
first cause a sufficient number of moulds to be attached to the chain to close
up. the bottom of the pug mill, and having placed them in the necessary
position immediately under the pug mill shaft, I cause the pug mill a to be
filled with the requisite quantity of clay or brick earth, and the machine is
then put in motion; as the moulds move along on the guide bars u, u, and are
filled in succession, the advancing chains are connected to the moulds by
means of the pins or studs d', d', and as they pass on they receive from the
perforated sand box p (immediately over them) a sufficient quantity of sand
to prevent the moulding clay or brick earth adhering to the moulds, and to
facilitate their removal from the moulds.
When the moulds thus filled have travelled beyond the scrapers n, n, in
front of the machine, they may be readily removed from the chains at the
front of the machine by withdrawing them from the studs d', d', and the bricks
or other articles may be deposited on pallets and removed to dry. The moulds
are then passed to the other end of the machine along inclined planes, and
again placed on the chains; and the operation of moulding is continuously
repeated, as before described.
Figure 9 shows separate views of the moulds made of wrought iron, bent
into the form shewn, in order to form the cylindrical corners c¹, c¹, by which
they are connected to the endless chains when passing through the machine;
and which cylindrical corners also form stops to the two sides of the next
mould, and I coat these moulds with asphalte or bituminous matter by first
heating the moulds to a dull heat, and applying a thin coating of asphalte
or other bituminous matter, in a melted state, with a brush or otherwise, over
the moulding surfaces of the moulds, and before they become dry I sift or
sprinkle fine dry sand over the surfaces so coated.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of

page_text: performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim are the
improvements herein described for moulding bricks and lumps.
!
In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Wentworth Conner, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE."
ALBERT WENTWORTH CONNER. (L.s.)