Automatic Chromatropes as Shades for Oandles, Lamps, Gas, and other Sources of Light.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 13th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 25th May, 1889
Automatic Chromatropes as Shades for Oandles, Lamps, Gas, and
other Sources of Light.
I, RICHARD RAYNER, French Teacher, 5 Grosvenor Street, Beverley Road Hull,
Yorkshire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
1. My Chromatropes are on the same principle as those used in Magic Lanterns ;
moreover, they are Automatic, being worked by Hot Air, Clockwork, electricity or by
a Spring Candle (like a carriage candle), &c.
2. They are in the shape of Truncated Cones (like ordinary Lamp-shades,) of
Cylinders, of Discs & any other shape.
3. They are made of Cardboard or thick paper cut out & filled in with transparent
or semi-transparent substance such as thin paper or gelatine &c. They may be made
also of glass, mica or talc &c.
4. In each pair, (two Truncated Cones, Cylinders, Discs &c. being necessary to
produce Chromatrope effect,) one only or both may revolve.
5. In each pair of every shape one is rendered semi-transparent to diffuse the light.
6. They are supported and made to revolve at their axis or at their circumference ;
at their summit or at their base.
7. I also particularly claim as a novelty this application of the Chromatrope
principle to a pair of superposed lamp, gas or candle shades, this combination of utility
and ornament.
8. The present model which I have is in the form of a Truncated Cone; to the
under shade is attached (at the central point of its summit) a pivot pointed like a
needle, to the upper one is attached a revolving smoke-consumer or Hot Air Motor;
they are superposed on a common candle-shade holder or on a transparent gas globe.
23rd January 1889.

page_text: other Sources of Light.
I, RICHARD RAYNER of 5 Grosvenor Street Beverley Road Hull in the County of
York, French Teacher do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to produce a shade or screen for candles gas or oil
lamps, and other sources of artificial light, whereby the pleasing and entertaining
effects of the chromatrope are produced by the rotation of a part or parts of the whole
of the said shade or screen around an imaginary perpendicular axis passing through
the centre of the candle or other light.
This rotation is effected automatically by utilizing the hot air generated by the
combustion of the light producing material or other suitable means.
And in order that my invention may be well understood and carried into practice [
will now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings
in which similar letters indicate corresponding parts throughout.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of my chromatrope shade fitted on a candle shade holder.
Fig. 2 is a section of the same.
Fig. 3 is a modification of Figure 2.
Fig. 4 is a plan of Fig. 1 Figs. 5 and 6 shew details and Figs. 7 shews another
modification of my invention.
As shewn in Figs. 1 to 6 the chromatrope shade or screen is produced by superposing
two truncated cone shaped shades A and B with slits or aportures CD therein one of
which said shades revolves. The outer shade A is provided with slits or apertures C
into which, are gummed or otherwise affixed colored strips of thin paper, gelatine or
other transparent material. The inner shade B is also provided with slits or
apertures D cut in a different direction to the apertures C in the outer shade. These
slits or apertures D are also provided with coloured transparent material gummed or
otherwise affixed therein.
If desired however, the apertures D may be open and the apertures C provided with
coloured transparencies or vice versa. On the top of the ordinary shade holder I place
a light metal frame consisting of three or more radial arms E each turned down at its 3
extremity as shewn in Fig. 6 for the purpose of clipping or holding on to the top of
the ordinary lamp chimney or shade holder. This frame carries a vertical più or
pivot on which I place an ordinary talc or mica hot air motor G provided with a
recess or bush in the centre of the underside for this purpose and such as are usually
employed for carrying off the products of combustion of an oil lamp. This motor & 8
is provided with propellor vanes, and the hot air impinging against these vanes causes
the motor to revolve on the pin or pivot F as is well understood.
Figures 4 and 5 shew in plan different forms of these motors, and Figure 6 is an
edge view of Figure 5. To the circumference of the motor G I rigidly affix the

page_text: shade A or B whichever it is desired shall rotate and place the other shade over the
ordinary shade holder. In Figure 2 the inner shade B is shewn affixed to the motor G
and the outer shade A is placed on the shade holder H. In Figure 3 the shades are
reversed the inner shade B is placed on the shade holder and the outer shade A is
affixed to the motor G.
In Figure 7 I have shewn a means whereby the shades may rotate by clockwork.
The outer shade A is affixed at its base to the shade holder and the inner shade B
which rests on a pivot fixed to the top of the lamp chimney is actuated by a small
dented wheel J coming into contart with the bottom of the inner shade B. The
dented wheel J is actuated by another wheel which other wheel is actuated by a
main spring contained in the drum L affixed to the side of the ordinary shade
holder. When both shades are required to move the dented wheel is placed between
them at their base. Or as a further modification three shades may be used one
stationary one rotated by the hot air and the third rotated by the clockwork mechanism.
In the drawings, the shades are shewn in the form of truncated cones but they
may be made cylindrical or other suitable shape, and of any suitable material
strengthened if desired by a wire or thin strip of metal round the base. I prefer
however to make one at least of the shades transparent or semi transparent so as
to diffuse the light.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
(1) The combination of two or more shades or screens with slits or apertures therein
one or more revolving and producing the chromatrope effect substantially as and for
the purpose hereinbefore set forth.
(2) The combination of an ordinary hot air motor G supporting frame F and shade
holder H with two or more superposed shades with slits or apertures therein one of
which is affixed to and rotates with the motor G substantially as und for the purpose
herein before set forth and illustrated in Figures 1 to 6 of accompanying drawings.
(3) The modified form of chromatrope shade or screen described and shewn with
reference to Figure 7 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 10th 1
1 1000