Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 24th June, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Mar., 1898-Accepted, 30th Apr., 1898
I, PAUL DUPLOS, of 8, Avenue de la République, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
This invention relates to an improved electric are lamp, in which the carbons are
attached to supports provided with pulleys arranged in such a manner that any
influence that the state of the atmosphere may have on their length may not cause
any derangement in the operation of the apparatus; the regulating mechanism is
also simple, secure and but slightly obstructive to the light.
The regulating mechanism comprises two parallel vertical plates - preferably
circular and conveniently mounted on pivoted points on supports which are them-
selves fixed on a bed plate which carries the mechanism. The one of the aforesaid
plates is affected by an antagonistic spring and has attached to it a small rod
articulated on the other end to a lever which carries counterweights at its
extremity this lever is keyed on an axle, on each of the extremities of which is a
lever which carries an arched bar of soft iron placed in the interior of the solenoid.
The two solenoids are connected electrically.
On the axle of the aforesaid plates keyed a toothed wheel conjointly with a
grooved wheel and gearing with a toothed pinion mounted on an axle and pivoting
on points between the plates which carry it. On the latter axle is also mounted. a
toothed wheel which gears with a pinion, the axle of which turns between points
on the plates and carries a ratchet wheel and a fly wheel. The teeth of the ratchet
wheel can engage with a fixed arm mounted at the extremity of one of the supports.
The positive carbon carrier rolls by means of rollers between two vertical tubular
guides provided with guiding grooves for these antifriction rollers; it carries a
grooved pulley on which is rolled a cord attached by one extremity at a fixed point
on the base plate and passing on one side to and over the pulley on the axle of the
plates and thence under a small grooved pulley movable in one of the guiding tubes
and is attached by its other end at another fixed point of the bed plate.
The small pulley last mentioned forms part of the negative carbon carrier guided
in the tubes.
The clamp of the positive carbon is connected with its carriage by means of rods
insulated electrically from the carriage by means of washers of vulcanised fibre or
of ebonite or of any other convenient material! On one of these rods is fixed the
positive terminal and the negative terminal is placed at any point on the negative
carbon carrier.
The solenoids have the same conducting wire rolled on them and connected by its
extremities with the positive and negative terminals of the lamp.
The operation is as follows:-
The current is led to the positive and negative terminals and passes in shunt
through the solenoids as in the usual regulators.
At the time of lighting, the carbons are separated, the current passes entirely

page_text: through the bobbins of the solenoids and draws the interior cores inwards. The
levers swing as well as the lever and operate a traction which makes the plates turn
so that one of the teeth of the ratchet wheel in engagement with the arm, slides
on this latter and abandons it; this ratchet wheel having thus got free turns under
the action of the weight of the positive carbon and its carriage which is greater
than that of the negative carbon and its carriage; this weight draws the cord and
turns the pulley and the toothed wheels, the last of which is mounted on the same
axle as the ratchet wheel and the fly wheel which moderates the rotation. The positive
carbon sinks raising the negative carbon and the two come into contact. At this
moment the spring no longer counterbalanced by the action of the solenoids draws
on the plates in the reverse direction and one of the teeth of the ratchet wheel
engages with the arm until this engagement takes place, the pinion rolls on the
wheel like a satellite and the ratchet wheel turns; but as soon as the engagement
is produced the ratchet wheel is stopped by the arm and one of its teeth slides on it,
the pinion is thus locked to the wheel and operates it in its displacement; this
wheel turns with the pulley in the reverse direction and operates in such a manner
on the cord that the positive carbon rises again whilst the negative carbon sinks;
the two carbons separate and the voltaic arc is formed between them. The depth
of the teeth of the ratchet wheel is so determined as to render this separation
sufficient.
this
With the combustion of the carbons the resistance increases between them and a
more intense current passes in the solenoids; the solenoid cores are drawn in and
the levers swing turning the plates, the pulley on the axis of the plates turns in the
same direction, and its action on the cord determines the approach of the carbons.
As the carbons become further used, the amplitude of the movement of the plates
is accentuated and the ratchet wheel leaves the arm; at this moment the weight
of the positive carbon and of its carriage operates the system;
carbon sinks whilst the lighter negative carbon rises; the pulleys and
wheels turn whilst the carbons are approached the resistance being nil or nearly so
botween the carbons, the cores are freed and the spring turns the plates in
the reverse direction, until the ratchet wheel re-engages with the arm;
separation of the carbons is then produced as previously explained and the operation
of the regulator continues.
the
As may be understood froni the above description, the regulator operates with
the same precision whatever be the change in the length of the cord due to
atmospheric variations.
Datad this 24th dor of June 1807
Improvements in Arc Lamps.
I, PAUL DUFLOS, Electrician, of 8, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, in the
Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved electric arc lamp, in which the carbons are
attached to supports provided with pulleys arranged in such a manner, that any
influence that the state of the atmosphere may have on their length may not cause
any derangement in the operation of the apparatus; the regulating mechanism is
also simple, secure and but slightly obstructive to the light.
In the annexed drawing:-Fig. 1 is a view in elevation of the regulating lamp.

page_text: Fig. 2 is a partial side view in projection of Fig. 1. The regulating mechanism
comprises a balance in two pieces or sides a a connected with one another and
mounted on pivotal points on supports bb fixed on a bed plate 6, in the axle of the.
points which carry the pieces a and a there is mounted a toothed wheel e conjointly
with a grooved wheel, carrying a cord, or with a toothed wheel e! carrying a
chain the wheel e gears with a toothed pinion f conjointly with an axle mounted
on points between the pieces a a' and carrying a ratchet wheel f' and when necessary
a heavy fly wheel in order to moderate the movement. The teeth of the ratchet
wheel f¹, one side of which has as radius the distance of the centers of the gearings e
and, can engage with a finger gi fixed on the support by means of the tooth g.
The positive carbon holder h can slide between two tubular guides ; it is
attached to the cord or chain e³ and may have rollers for facilitating its movement
between the guides ; the chain e is connected at its other end with the negative
carbon holder n by means of a rod a guided in the tube i.
Under the upper plate bª of the apparatus there is fixed the solenoid ₫ in the
interior of which there can be displaced a soft iron bar d' conjointly with an arm d²
articulated' at a fixed point d³ consisting of a small axle on which there is mounted
a lever d¹ carrying a counter weight e and connected by a small connecting rod c¹
with the plate a¹. The counter weight e balances at the same time the soft iron
bar d¹ and the ratchet wheel f¹, but this compensation could also be obtained by a
spring attached at one end to one of the plates a a¹ and on the other end to tho
plate bland by a conveniently arranged screw the tension of this spring could be
regulated.
The positive terminal X is connected by a conductor X' with a current receiver Xa
mounted on the plate bi, insulated from the latter and connected by a supple
conductor h¹ with the positive carbon holder which is electrically insulated from
the guides ¿¹.
T
The negative terminal y is electrically connected with the carbon 'holder n of
the same polarity by means of the cross bars of the plates b' and ba and the guides i¹.
The current is brought to the positive terminals and y by wires and passes into
the solenoid d. When the light is operating the carbons are removed from one
another and the current passes entirely in the bobbin of this solenoid and draws
the bar d on which rises and' draws the plates a a¹ on by means of the connecting
rod c', the tooth of the ratchet wheel which is in engagement with the tooth of the
finger g
slides on the same and abandons it; this ratchet wheel having become
free turns by the action of the weight of the positive carbon and of its support h
which is greater than that of the negative carbon and of its support this
weight effects a traction on the chain and turns the pulley e¹ and the wheel e
which gears with the pinion f mounted on the axle of the ratchet wheel f¹. The carbons
come into contact; at this moment the counter weight e being no longer counter-
balanced by the action of the solenoid moves the plates a a¹ in the reverse direction
and one of the teeth of the ratchet wheel comes into engagement with the tooth of
the finger g; as long as this engagement does not take place, the pinion rolls on
the wheel e' like a satellite and the ratchet wheel f¹ turns with the fly wheel, which
can be mounted on its axle and the inertia of which moderates the velocity; but
as soon as the engagement is produced the ratchet wheel f¹ is blocked by means of
the finger g and the one of its teeth slides on it; the pinion f is thus rendered
operative with the wheel e and carries it within its displacement; this wheel e turns
with the pulley el in the direction of the arrow F; it operates in such a manner
on the cords or chain ea that the positive carbon rises whilst the negative carbon
sinks. The two move thus apart from one another and the arc is formed between
them.
The depth of the teeth of the ratchet wheel is of course determined in order to
render this movement sufficient.
According to the wear of the carbons the resistance grows between them and a larger
quantity of current passes into the solenoid; the bar d' is drawn on and the lever d'
swings as well as the plates a a¹ in a reverse direction to the arrow F; the pulley e¹

page_text: turns in the same direction and its action on the chain e determines the approach
of the carbons. As the carbons become further used, the amplitude of the move-
ment of the plates aa' in the reverse direction to the arrow is accentuated and
the ratchet wheel f¹ leaves the finger g; at this moment the weight of the positive
carbon and of its support h operates the system, this carbon sinks again whilst the
negative carbon rises again; the wheel e turns as well as the wheel e and the
pinion and consequently the ratchet wheel fl; during this time the resistance
being nil or nearly so between the carbons the bar is free and the weight o
turns the plates aa¹ in the direction of the arrow F until the ratchet wheel fl
returns into engagement with the finger g; the carbons are then removed from one
another as it has been described before and the operation of the regulator is effected
normally.
As can be seen from the previous description the regulator operates with the same
precision whatever be the charge in the length of the cord or chains due to
atmospheric variations. When a cord is used instead of a chain a grooved pulley
is provided instead of the wheel el.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I déclare that what I
claim is:
1. An improved electric arc lamp, in which the supports of the two positive
and negative carbons are operated by a system of pulleys and gearings actuated by:
the core of a solenoid by means of an appropriate transmission of movement
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
'
2. In an electric arc lamp a regulating airangement for the carbons comprising
pulleys or toothed wheels.on which moves a cord or a chain supporting the carbon
holders; the principal pulley or wheel being integral with a toothed wheel, gearing
with a pinion mounted on the same axle as a ratchet wheel; this axle being
supported between the plates of a balance under the action of a counterweight or of
an antagonistic spring; any one of the teeth of the ratchet wheel being able to come
into engagement with a fixed finger and to slide on it or to abandon it in order to
regulate the displacement of the carbons from one another, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
Dated thin 02nd Jan 1 1000
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicants, 18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London.