matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONATE OF SODA
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Spencer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th October
1859.
I, THOMAS SPENCER, of 192, Euston Road, Euston Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Analytical and Consulting Chemist, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CARBONATE OF SODA," to be as follows:-
My Invention applies to the manufacture of carbonate of soda when this
substance is obtained by the action of carbonic acid on sulphide of sodium,
during which action sulphur in the state of sulphuretted hydrogen gas is
liberated; and my Invention consists in the absorption of sulphuretted
hydrogen gas so liberated in the manufacture of carbonate of soda, by means
of oxide of iron or oxide of manganese, thereby producing a compound con-
taining sulphur, from which such sulphur can be liberated either by distillation
or combustion, and applied to the production of sulphuric acid, suitable to be
used for the preparation of a farther quantity of sulphide of sodiam.
By these means I effect an important saving in the manufacture of carbonate
of soda. I wish it to be understood that as regards the necessary oxides of
iron or manganese, I do not confine myself to those that are pure, as I find
that the same oxides are available when in natural or artificial combination
with carbonic acid or carbon alone, and also when in combination with earthy
matters as ores.
AN IMPROVED CINDER SHOVEL OR CINDER SIFTER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Brymore Elkington Pym at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
December 1859.
I, BRYMORE ELKINGTON PYM, of King William Street, in the City of
London, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CINDER SHOVEL OR CINDER SIFTER," to be as follows:-
I make the pan of the shovel or sifter with two plates of metal so as to
form between the two a box or chamber; the upper plate I perforate to
admit of the cinder being seperated from the ash, and the latter passed through
into the chamber. With a portion of the upper plate I form a lid, to be
raised for the discharge of the ash into the ash-bin or elsewhere. In some
cases I form an opening at the side or bottom of the chamber for the dis-
charge of the ash, but I prefer the former mode. I attach a handle to the
sifter or shovel in the usual manner of attaching handles to fire shovels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EMPTYING CESSPOOLS, AND IN RAISING OTHER FLUID & SEMI-FLUID MATTERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February 1859.
-A communication from Pierre Téhophile Joly, jun", of Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 58, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EMPTYING CESSPOOLS, AND IN RAISING OTHER FLUID &
SEMI-FLUID MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved method of effecting on known
principles the emptying or raising liquid & thick or muddy matters, by means
of a vacium obtained in a vessel or capacity. I apply this improved method
especially for emptying liquids for irrigation, or for exhausting liquid or
muddy matters. For emptying fecal or other matters, I proceed as follows:-
I inject steam produced in any suitable generator into a metallic capacity,
which by means of valves or stop-cocks may be perfectly closed; the steam so
injected drives the air from the capacity, & the steam then fills the chamber.
When the chamber is so filled with steam, all the valves and cocks are shut;
the steam thus enclosed condenses and produces a vacuim, and the vacuum
chamber being placed by means of suitable tubes in connection with the space
from whence the liquid or muddy matters are to be drawn, the said matters
are thereby raised and enter the chamber or capacity. Thus, by any suitable
generator in a central establishment, barrels may have a vacuim produced in
them, & be afterwards removed and placed in connection with the matters
to be emptied by means of tubes plunging into the liquid or muddy matter

page_text: contained in the cesspool, which they will draw up. The condensation of the
steam may take place during the transit of the vessel. This improved method
of raising liquids may be applied for the purposes of irrigation, & raising
other fluid or semifluid matters. I make no claim to any particular apparatus
for the purpose.
AN IMPROVED HOBBY- HORSE OR CHILD'S EXERCISER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Philp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th August
1859.
I, JAMES PHILP, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HOBBY-
HORSE OR CHILD'S EXERCISER," to be as follows :—
My Invention consists in constructing in wood, iron, or other like suitable
material, a carriage or body capable of containing a child or children, with a
curved or rocking bottom, and terminating in front in an ornament or "figure
head" in the shape of a head and neck of a horse or other animal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED WITH MATCHES FOR OBTAINING INSTANTANEOUS LIGHT
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julien Donat at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1859.
I, JULIEN DONAT, of 6, Rue Paradis, Marais, Paris, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS USED WITH MATCHES FOR OBTAINING INSTANTANEOUS LIGHT," to bo
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used with
matches for obtaining instantaneous light, and is applicable where a length of
cotton saturated with wax or stearine, or of other suitable substance having
phosphorous deposited on it at intervals, is employed. The length of match is
formed into a spiral coil, and is placed within a cartridge of thin metal or
other suitable substance having an opening at one end, through which one end
of the spirally coiled match is made to project; this cartridge is placed within
a metal tube, one end of which is closed by a moveable cap; the other end of
the tubular case is formed conically, and at the point of the cone there is a
small hole through which the end of the match passes; a short distance below
this hole, and within the tubular case, there are two rollers covered with
caoutchouc or other suitable clastic material, between which the match is
pressed, and one of these rollers projects a short distance through a slot in the
tubular case, so that by rubbing with the finger against this roller it may be made
to turn and to project the match more and more from the case. On the exterior
of the tubular case another tube of glass, metal, or other suitable substanco

page_text: slides, and this tube, after the match has been slighted, is slid up so as to
project beyond the end of the tubular case, and protect the match from being
blown out by the wind; this sliding tube is prevented from falling off the
tubular case by its being attached by a thread or otherwise to the moveable
cap of the tubular case, and the interior of the moveable cap is made rough,
in order that the end of the match may be lighted by being rubbed on it.
The match is prevented from burning down into the interior of the tubular
case by reason of its passing through the small hole in the conical end of
the case.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN HEARTH PLATES OR ASH PANS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Morton and Henry Shaw
Morton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th April 1859.
We, JOSEPH MORTON and HENRY SHAW MORTON, trading under the style
or firm of Morton and Son, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Stove Grate
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN HEARTH PLATES OR ASH PANS," to be as follows:-
We propose to introduce a peculiar arrangement whereby alternate bars
radiating or parallel in the upper part or face of the hearth plate or ash pan
may be opened or closed at pleasure to admit of the ashes falling between
them. The outer bars, and those which form the frame of the plate or pan,
are fixed in the ordinary manner with openings between them; to the under
side of this frame bars are hinged or hung, with one edge attached to and
parallel with the corresponding edge of the fixed bars in such manner that
when unsupported they fall in a line vertical with the hearth plate or pan,
leaving the openings clear, but when pressed up close to the fixed bars they
present a continuous surface beneath the openings. To effect the opening
and closing of these hinged bars, we use a bar or bars fixed horizontally at
about a right angle with the face bars; this bar is formed with the top edge
toothed at proper intervals to admit of the hinged bars falling upon the back
of the tooth at any desired angle. This toothed bar is moveable horizontally
with cog wheels or other ordinary mechanical arrangement, and may be so
adjusted by a forward movement that all the apecis of the teeth shall be

page_text: under, and press the unattached edges of the hinged bars close up to the top
bars, thus presenting a continuous surface; or it may be adjusted by an
opposite movement, so as to move the teeth clear of the hinged bars, and
thus admit them to open to the extent desired. In this manner the hinged
bars may be raised or depressed at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EVER-POINTED PENCILS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Barnet Solomon Cohen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1859.
I, BARNET SOLOMON COHEN, of Magdalen Row, Great Prescot Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EVER-POINTED PENCILS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ever-pointed pencils, or
pencils in which the lead as it wears away is by suitable mechanical means
capable of being projected forward so that its point may always protrude from
the extremity of the nozzle. And the Invention consists in forming the
aperture at the end of the nozzle of an ever-pointed pencil of a pentagonal,
hexagonal, or other polygonal form, having a greater number of sides. In
manufacturing leads for use with such ever-pointed pencils, I make them of
a corresponding sectional form.
AN IMPROVED MOWING MACHINE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Coller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1859.
I, GEORGE COLLER, of Harlow, in the County of Essex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MOWING MACHINE," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain mechanism by the means of which grass
may be cut in a more speedy and efficient manner than heretofore with a great
decrease of labor, and is effected in the following manner :-
I employ a framing of wood or metal, of suitable height, mounted on
wheels, the front wheel of which is connected to a large toothed wheel which
communicates with other multiplying wheels, the last of which communicates
with a cross shaft having an universal joint in its centre; the other end of said
shaft is fitted with two grooved eccentrics, over which bands are passed
connected to a chain moving round a vertical roller. A scythe is affixed to
the bottom of said roller, consequently as the machine moves forward, motion
is communicated from the driving wheel in front to the scythe roller behind,
the scythe moving precisely the same as if in the hands of a mower.
The machine may be drawn by a man or horse with little exertion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James John Lyons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th September
1859.
I, JAMES JOHN LYONS, of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR," to be
as follows (that is to say):
This Invention consists in applying to the upper portions of the pans used
in the manufacture of sugar an open pipe or flue, into which an up current of
steam is introduced through a pipe connected with a boiler in which the steam
is generated.
In some cases, in any convenient position on the steam pipe, a vessel may be
carried to receive any condensed water that may arise in the steam pipe, from
which it may be re-conveyed to the steam boiler.
A NEW SYSTEM OF QUOINS (WEDGES) FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Armand Cabany at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March
1859.
I, ARMAND CABANY, of Anzin, Department of the "Nord," in the Empire
of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW SYSTEM OF QUOINS (WEDGES) FOR RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
I propose to substitute for the ordinary quoin or wedge used to maintain
railway chairs and rails in position one which I term a double or twin wedge
so arranged that the parts shall (as it were) dovetail the traction and lateral
jerks of the rolling stock at speed, serving more securely to fix the com-
bination of rail, wedge, and chair together, than to loosen the adhesion.
On single lines of rail these wedges (made of oak or any suitable timber
should be placed alternately one way and the other; but on double lines of rail,
where the traction is always (or nearly so) in one direction, the sharp end of
the wedge in contact with the rail should be in the sense of the traction.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Holgate and John Hen-
derson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 14th November 1859.
We, JAMES HOLGATE, of 33, Great Dover Street, in the County of Surrey,
Army Contractor, and JOHN HENDERSON, of Ramsgate, in the County of Kent,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER STEAM ENGINES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus for heating the feed water of steam boilers; to an improved means
of supplying such heated feed water to the boiler; and to a mode of main-
taining the heat of the steam cylinders. In applying our improvements to a
locomotive or traction engine, or to a travelling portable engine, with outside
or inside cylinders, we propose to use the smoke box or a cylinder casing for
heating the feed water, the heat being derived from the exhaust steam, and
the smoke box or the casing is extended downwards some distance below the
cylinders. The cold water from the tender is conducted by pipes on to a plate,
perforated or not, as desired, and fitted inside the lower portion of the smoke
box or casing; and this water, when heated, is pumped from the smoke box
or casing into the boiler by ordinary open bucket lift pumps placed inside the
smoke box or casing, in lieu of the ram and force pumps at present adopted.
By enclosing the cylinders within the smoke box, or surrounding them by a
casing, and allowing them to be enveloped in thin exhaust steam, they are

page_text: maintained at a higher temperature than they would be when exposed to the
atmosphere, and consequently a considerable saving of fuel is obtained. The
open bucket feed pumps herein-before referred to are equally applicable to all
steam boilers, whether locomotive, stationary, or marine, in substitution for
the ram force pumps, without involving any alteration in the existing feed
pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STRENGTHENING UMBRELLA AND WALKING- STICK HANDLES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OR DETAILS, WHEREIN THE CROSS OR TRANS- VERSE GRAIN OF THE WOOD OR OTHER MATERIAL IS SUBJECT TO STRAINS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th Sep-
tember 1859.
I, ANDREW SMITH, of Mauchline, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Manufacturer of Scotch Fancy Woodwork, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STRENGTHENING UMBRELLA AND WALKING-
STICK HANDLES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OR DETAILS, WHEREIN THE CROSS OR TRANS-
VERSE GRAIN OF THE WOOD OR OTHER MATERIAL IS SUBJECT TO STRAINS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a simple and most effective means of strengthening
the cross or transverse grained portions of wooden and other articles of various
kinds, so as to enable the articles or details so strengthened capable of with-
standing severe strains across or at right angles to the line of the grain of the
wood or other material so treated. The process or operation is most peculiarily
suited for strengthening the handles of umbrella, parasols, and walking-sticks,
but it may also be employed in strengthening the cross or angularly grained
portions of the stocks of fire-arms. In a walking-stick handle, where the
short horizontal, transverse, angular, or lateral portion grasped by the hand is
cut out of the solid wood forming the main body of the stick, such short
portion is necessarily weak and liable to break across, owing to the fibres of
the wood running across or at right angles to the axis of that portion.
According to the present Invention failure at this portion is prevented by the
insertion of a "dowell" of wood or other material, of straight or right line
grain, into a groove or bored hole in the side or centre of such weak part,

page_text: so as to supply it with a strong straight-grained support. The grain of the
inserted "dowell " or piece being set into the weakened part, so that its
fibres run as nearly as may be at right angles with those of that part, it is
clear that such part practically becomes a straight-grained one, and hence a
great power of resistance to transverse strains is secured. This mode of
strengthening is suitable for a great variety of articles and details, and its
principle may be carried out in many ways, the object always being the
giving a straight or right lined grain to cross or transverse grained portions
or details.
AN IMPROVED PREPARATION FOR KILLING BEETLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Wimmer at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1859.
I, LEOPOLD WIMMER, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Master Baker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PREPARATION FOR KILLING BEETLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar preparation to be employed for killing
beetles, crickets, and other similar vermin, which preparation is perfectly
harmless to animals. This improved preparation consists of a mixture of
alumina containing various dissolved or oxidised metals and earths, farina of
peas, borax, and sugar, in suitable proportions. These constituent parts are
separately reduced to a fine powder, and afterwards well mixed together.
When intended for use, the powder is to be made into a paste by the addition
thereto of water, and the paste is spread upon paper or other suitable sub-
stances, which are to be laid in those places where the vermin most abound.
The paste being devoured by the vermin will effectually poison it, whilst at the
same time it is perfectly harmless to animals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th February 1839.-A communication from Her Von Langen, Royal
Architect, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS," a communication from
Herr Von Langen, Royal Architect, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, to
be as follows :—
This Invention relates to all kinds of domestic ovens, but particularly to
large ones where extensive batches are baked requiring much space and fuel,
and consists of arranging two or more fires under the oven, the heat and
smoke of the lower fire passing through the one above it by means of the
grate bars, which bars may be made of fire clay or metal tubing, if the latter,
they must be filled or partially filled with water. Water is also placed in the
ash-pit under the bottom fire to extinguish the hot cinders and ashes that fall
and prevent prejudicial vapours that would arise therefrom.
From the top fire, flues or fire ways are so arranged that the heat will spread
under, over, or around the oven, and will be heated from without, or, if
preferred, the heat may be passed directly into it, and if desired the heat may
pass through the flues from one fire only, as some ovens may require no upper
heat and others no under heat.
Each of the said flues has two openings, with valves or similar contrivance

page_text: to regulate the flame and heat at pleasure, and also outlets to the chimney,
which have also valves to regulate the escape.
There are also one or more openings in the oven to allow the escape of
steam, which secures the necessary draught, and allows the smoke to escape if
the flame is passed through the oven, the said openings communicating with
the flues aforesaid.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Parker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th March
1859.
I, CHARLES PARKER, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the so arranging and working looms for weaving
that the warp threads may be slackened just prior to and during the forma-
tion of the shed, and again tightened for the beat up; this tightening and
slackening operation is wholly performed at the front of the loom, the necessary
motions being derived from the slay or lathe. The slay or lathe has jointed to
it a pair of short connecting or link rods, the front ends of which again are
joined by adjustable slot and stud connections to short pendant levers set on a
long cranked bar, roller, or shaft, carried in end bearings in the loom framing;
this bar or roller stretches entirely across the line of the newly woven fabric,
and either above or below it; and it is also arranged that when the beat up is
about to take place it is pressed by the action of the lathe or slay forcibly
against the woven cloth laterally; in this way the woven cloth and the warp
threads are at once tightened, so that the beat up of the weft may take place
in the most effectual manner. Then when the lathe or slay recedes, the
lateral pressure of the bar is removed from the cloth, and the warp threads are
thus at once slackened to allow of the formation of the warp shed.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TIME MEASURER
Year: 1859

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection only.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennon's
zin
at the Office of the Commissioners of "Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th January 1859.-A communication from Pasquale Perelli-
Ercolini, of Prémeno, in the Sardinian States.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED TIME
MEASURER," a communication, to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in applying to the construction of time-measuring
apparatus, the gradual flow or infiltration through porous bodies of fluids in
general, and especially of air and gases. This application of the principle may
be reduced to its simplest expression by enclosing a globule of mercury (for
instance) in a glass tube of the desired calibre and length, closed at each end
by a porous diaphragm or stopper, and placed in a vertical position. The
mercurial globule or piston is found to descend, slowly forcing through the
porous diaphragm below the air in its passage, while the displacement is
balanced by an equal quantity of air which enters the tube through the
diaphragm above. The tube being reversed on the completion of the first
descent of the piston, the latter retraces its course towards the opposite
extremity, and the time required for each descent being noted on the tube with
subdivisions in hours, minutes, &c., we obtain in its primary form a chrono-
metrical apparatus, the indications of which once determined will always, in a
similar condition of the atmosphere, correspond with the time occupied by the

page_text: .
transit of the index from one given point to another. To render it independent
of the atmospherical changes which would necessarily vary its action, it
suffices to enclose the apparatus in a second tube or sheath hermetically sealed,
and the circulation being thus limited to the air contained in this sheath,
the movements of the index become perfectly uniform under all ordinary
atmospheric or liquid pressures and temperatures. In this state the
apparatus may be employed for the measurement of fractions of time, or of
a limited number of days, hours, or minutes, the descent of the index being
arrested or reversed at will by changing from the vertical to the horizontal
position, and vice versa. When required for continuous work, the reversing
movement is effected by an auxiliary arrangement of any suitable kind
on the completion of each course of the index. It will be readily understood
from the preceding example, that the same results may be obtained by the
substitution of other simple or compound fluids to the atmospheric air employed
in the primitive form of apparatus above described, and that the porous bodies,
index, and general details of construction may be varied in nature and
arrangement according to circumstances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS, AND IN MOULDS FOR MAKING PROJECTILES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grainger at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th September
. 1859.
I, JOHN GRAINGER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gunmaker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS, AND IN MOULDS FOR MAKING PROJECTILES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, of the following method of opening and
closing the breech end of breech-loading fire-arms. I connect the barrel to
the break-off by means of two arms projecting from the said break-off; to
which arms the barrel is jointed so as to turn in a vertical plane. Through
the face of the break-off a screw having a double thread works. The conical
end of the said screw fits the breech end of the barrel, and closes it during
discharge; the said screw is made to protrude from and retire into the face of
the break-off by means of an arm working in a slot in the break-off by raising
and lowering which said arm a partial rotation may be given to the screw.
My Invention consists, secondly, in the following method of making moulds
in which to cast projectiles for hexagonal or polygonal rifles:-I make the said
moulds of a single block of metal, in which is sunk a cavity having the figure
of the projectile, the base of the projectile being uppermost; a plate, having a
hole through which the lead is to be poured, is made to turn over the open
top of the mould during the casting of the projectile. The said mould may be
made by swaging or drifting upon a model in steel of the projectile.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSTANS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Barlow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1859. A communication from abroad by Samuel Huse, of Boston,
United States of America.
I, CHARLES BARLOW, of the Office for Patents, 89, Chancery Lane, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CAPSTANS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of the use of a hollow shaft attached at one extremity
to the head or drum of a capstan, at the other extremity of which hollow shaft
is fixed a cog wheel, gearing into a moveable gear plate; in combination with
the hollow shaft and moveable gear plate are clutch bars or levers disposed in
such a manner that by means of a hand lever actuated from outside, the gear
plate and barrel can be connected, which at the same time disconnects the
head or drum, or vice versa, connects the head or drum and disconnects the
gear plate, by these means the accumulation of power by the capstan can be
varied at discretion, or a quicker action given without displacing any gear, and
whilst in motion. The drum can be turned in any direction and will work
equally well.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANING COTTON
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May
1859.
I, JOHN CHARLES WILSON, of 1, Langley Place, Victoria Park, Manchester,
do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CLEANING COTTON," to be as follows:—
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for cleaning
cotton. For these purposes two rollers, such as have before been employed
for the same purpose, are used in combination with a blade or bar which
constantly vibrates or oscillates in such manner as to keep or push back the
seeds until they are freed from the cotton, and fall down below the rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Prosser at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1859.
I, WILLIAM PROSSER, of No. 24, Dorset Place, Dorset Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT," to
be as follows:-
The Invention refers to apparatus employed in the production of light by
the combustion of oxygen and hydrogen or carburetted hydrogen gases on
lime or other suitable material, and consists in so arranging and securing the
lime or other suitable material in a metallic or other suitable case or frame,
parts of which are cut away where necessary to expose the lime or other
suitable material to the action of the jet or jets of flame by which the lime or
other suitable material, ordinarily in convenient pieces, is held together and
moved as one piece, thus preventing the separation of the pieces of lime or
other suitable material, should they become cracked by the action of the flame
or otherwise, and avoiding the displacement of the pieces of lime or other
suitable material sometimes consequent on the friction of the same against
the interior surface of the metal or other guiding case or guard in which it is
enclosed, and through which it is progressively moved to and from the jet or
jets of flame, and thereby more completely conducing to the continuity of
the light.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF VENTILATING COAL AND OTHER MINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Lancaster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1859.
J, ROBERT LANCASTER, of Orrell, near Wigan, in the County of Lancaster,
Mining Engineer and Viewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF VENTILATING COAL AND OTHER MINES," to
be as follows:-
In ventilating mines it is now customary to use a furnace placed in the
mine for the purpose of rarefying the air in the up-cast shaft, the atmospheric
air descending the down-cast shaft, to fill up the partial vacuum thus produced,
causes the requisite current of air for ventilating the mine. Now, my Invention
consists in supplying heated air to any portion of the up-cast shaft, by which
means the air is rarefied therein, and the atmospheric air descending the down-
cast shaft, to fill up the partial vacuum thus formed, produces, as before, the
requisite current of fresh air for ventilating the mine.
In performing my Invention the air is highly heated by a suitable furnace
placed at the mouth of the pit, and forced the requisite distance down the
up-cast shaft by a blast engine or other means. I prefer to surround the pipe
by which the heated air is supplied to the up-cast shaft with a steam casing
to retain the heat. The heated air is admitted into the up-cast shaft through
holes in a circular pipe, or in any other convenient manner. By means
of this improved mode of ventilating the liability of explosions is greatly
reduced.
Iы- PROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS FOR TILLING LAND
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Delany at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1859. A communication from abroad by Lodner D. Phillips, of Chicago,
in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM DELANY, of Norfolk Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iы-
PROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS FOR TILLING LAND," a communication from abroad by
Lodner D. Phillips, of Chicago, in the United States of America, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for breaking up and ploughing land, and consists in
the employment of a number of wheels or cylinders fixed upon stationary
horizontal axles carried in a rectangular or other frame. A cam groove is
formed in the periphery of each wheel or cylinder, which groove is in a plane
at right angles to the axle, excepting at one part, where it is made to diverge
slightly out of its course and to return to it again. These stationary cylinders
are each enclosed by a pair of discs formed with flanges at their peripheries,
and rotating loosely upon the axles; the flanges enclosing and surrounding the
cylinders. These discs carry at their peripheries a series of cutters or knifo
edged plates, which radiate from the axles and revolve with the discs so as to
cut the surface of the soil into strips, and then to turn such strips over, after

page_text: the manner of the ordinary mould board of a plough, this latter operation
being accomplished by the diverted portion of the groove, which, acting upon
the shanks of the cutters, inclines them, and causes them to turn the soil or
sod, and so form furrows.
A SMOKE CONSUMER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cook at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1859.
I, WILLIAM COOK, of the Town and County of the Town of Kingston-upon-
Hull, Coppersmith, do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for
"A SMOKE CONSUMER," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention, which has reference to a mode of consuming smoke by
causing it to pass through the fire or furnace on its passage to the shaft or
chimney, consists in constructing furnaces or fire-places to which the same may
be applied, with an opening or aperture at the lower portion or base of the
grate or furnace communicating with the shaft or chimney in such manner
that the smoke which is prevented from passing into the shaft, as at present,
is thereby carried downwards through the fire and consumed, the inconsumable
gases or vapours only being passed off into the atmosphere.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FORTIFICATIONS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Chapman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th May
1859.
I, HENRY CHAPMAN, of Battlebarrow, Appleby, in the County of West-
moreland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FORTIFICATIONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting to fortifications a novel contrivance for
the purpose of protecting same against injury from shots, shells, and other
warlike projectiles, the object and intention of such said contrivance being to
present a yielding surface to the action of the projectiles, for the purpose of
destroying the effect thereof.
The contrivance above mentioned consists of a tube or several tubes fixed ta
the masonry of the building, into each of which a piston fits and presses
against a piece of india-rubber or other suitable elastic material or substance.
The aforesaid pistons are to be fixed four, five, or more ta piece of wood or
other suitable material of any desired size, and there may be several of such
pieces connected together, so as to obtain the combined resistance of the
several elastic pistons above mentioned; or instead of fixing the tubes as
above described, the whole may be suspended from the walls of the fortifi-
cations, and raised or lowered to any desired height by chains and pulleys, or
other convenient means.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF DESTROYING INSECTS IN GRAIN AND OTHER ORGANIC MATTERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th November 1859.-A communication from Louis Poret, residing at
Mans (Depart de la Sarthe, France.)
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS OF
DESTROYING INSECTS IN GRAIN AND OTHER ORGANIC MATTERS," (a communication)
to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the application of carbonic acid gas to the
destruction of the insects contained in grain, and other organic matters. To
this end the grain or other product to be operated on is enclosed in a granary
or chamber of any convenient form and dimensions, rendered as air-tight as
possible throughout, but thoroughly so in its lower part. A conducting tube
from a generator or recipient placed at the outside opens in the centre of the
mass to be treated. The current of carbonic acid gas on being admitted
displaces by its high specific gravity the atmospheric air and finishes by
envelopping the entire mass, destroying in its passage the insects and larvae
which may be present. When the gaseous saturation is completed the com-
munication with the generator or recipient is shut off, and the matter operated
on left in permanent contact with the gas evolved, which from its density
maintains its position at the lowest possible level of the chamber or granary.
AN IMPROVED COVERLET CALLED ZEPHYR EIDER-DOWN COVERLET
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Grand de Chateauneuf, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
July 1859.
I, HECTOR GRAND DE CHATEAUNEUF, of Paris, France, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COVERLET
CALLED ZEPHYR EIDER-DOWN COVERLET," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an improved coverlet to which I intend giving
the name of zephyr eider-down coverlet because of its perfect lightness and
warmth. The coverlet is formed of any suitable tissue rendered impervious to
air by means of any suitable varnish or composition but for which I prefer
employing common oil varnish with the addition of some gum copal. The
tissue is sewn up in such manner as to form an air-tight recipient of any
suitable size or form and resembling when properly filled with air an ordinary
feather or cider-down coverlet all the seams having been properly and her-
metically closed by glueing or otherwise applying over them strips of impervious
tissue. A screw tassel inserted in one of the corners serves for insufflating and
keeping air in the interior of the coverlet. The Invention consists conse-
quently in replacing the eider-down or other feathers, wadding, horse hair, or
wool, with which coverlets were hitherto stuffed, by air insufflated in the
coverlet.
Feathers or other similar materials have no peculiar warmth of their own,
but serve only as a medium for keeping the air confined between them, and

page_text: this air in coming in contact with the human body substracts heat therefrom,
and being a bad conductor of heat prevents this latter from diffusing; in my
coverlet the air confined in the interior thereof will consequently replace with
great advantage the above-mentioned stuffing materials and render them
superfluous.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WADDED OR QUILTED FABRICS, AND IN THEIR IMITATION
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Nicolas Royer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th June 1859.
I, JOSEPH NICOLAS ROYER, Tailor, of Paris, France, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
WADDED OR QUILTED FABRICS, AND IN THEIR IMITATION," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate, 1ly, to the manufacture of fabrics obtained by
stiching a wadding or other lining against any suitable tissue, and consists in
impressing on the tissue the lines or dots, according to which the wadding or
lining is to be stitched against the tissue for forming the fabric, and 2ly,
impressing on the outside surface of the tissue suitable lines or dots, so
that a glueing or otherwise fixing the wadding or other lining against the
opposite surface, the entire will imitate a fabric with a wadding or lining
stitched to it. The lines or dots may be impressed on the tissue by plates,
rollers, or other printing surfaces, on which the pattern is cut out, which
plates, rollers, or other printing surfaces may be caused to act on the tissue, or
this latter on them, by hand, or by any suitable mechanical means, and, if
required, two or more tissues may receive the impression simultaneously.
Wadding or lining may also be interposed between two or more layers of the
tissue provided with the above-mentioned impressions. The fabrics obtained
by my methods may be either used by themselves as quilting, or otherwise, or
serve for the lining of wearing apparel or other articles, or for other purposes.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING FLY PRESSES USED FOR RAISING METALS, COINING, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ward at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th April
1859.
I, JOSEPH WARD, of King's Norton, in the County of Worcester, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
OR IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING FLY PRESSES USED FOR RAISING METALS, COINING,
AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the method or methods herein-after explained of
applying steam power to fly presses, for the purpose of facilitating or assisting
the workmen in working the said presses. In carrying my Invention into
effect, I apply a steam cylinder to the top of the screw of the press, the piston
of the steam cylinder passing through both the bottom and top of the cylinder.
The lower end of the piston rod is coupled to the top of the screw by means
of a coupling, which permits the screw to rotate without the rotation of the
piston rod. The upper end of the piston rod acts upon the slide valve of the
cylinder in such a manner as to admit steam under the piston when the screw
is rising, and to admit steam above the piston when the screw is descending.
By this arrangement the workmen are assisted in raising and lowering the
screw. The slide valve may also be acted upon by hand, so as to let on and
shut off the steam at pleasure. Instead of connecting the piston rod and the
screw of the press by the coupling described, the piston rod and screw may be
keyed together, and the piston rotate with the screw. I prefer, however, the
arrangement first described.

page_text: My Invention is especially applicable to fly presses of large size. Although
I prefer that a workman or workmen should urge the fly in presses constructed
according to my Invention, yet the said presses may be used without a
workman or workmen urging the said fly, as the application of steam in the
manner described effects the working of the press without the application of
power to the fly.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE REVERSING GEAR OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Belpaire at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1859.
I, ALFRED BELPAIRE, Engineer, of the City of Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE REVERSING GEAR OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES,"
to be as follows:—
The reversing lever of the engine has a bearing piece, which turns on two
pivots or journals, and it has also two ears through which the screw passes,
and by which it is held at the bottom of the bearing piece. A piece, sliding in
grooves of the bearing piece has a screw thread at its lower part, and gears
into the screw, from which it can also be disconnected according as it is raised
or lowered by the catch. When the engine driver wishes to work the lever
without the aid of the screw, he presses the catch, and when on the other hand
he wishes to displace the lever by means of the screw, he turns a wheel
properly arranged for the purpose in the required direction. The screw is
mounted on a piece moving on pivots so that it can accommodate itself to any.
inclination corresponding with the position of the lever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADDERS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN MAKING THEM
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Maryon, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th December
1859.
I, WILLIAM MARYON, of No. 9, Stanhope Street, Hampstead Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LADDERS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN MAKING THEM," to
be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to make ladders much stronger, stiffer, and
more united than when made in the ordinary manner. My Invention consists
in making the several rounds of a ladder with a shoulder at each end, and
letting in or housing the same a little way into the inner sides of the ladder,
and at the same time letting in the pins or reduced ends of the rounds into
holes bored quite through the sides, the said holes being made to taper
inwardly, so as to allow for the expansion of the pins caused by wedges driven
into the ends of the pins from the outside, the said ends being finished
flush with the outside. The shoulders and pins herein-before mentioned are
made or turned by the machine herein-after described, and are let into the
sides of the ladder with white lead, and the wedges driven into the several
ends of the pins are secured to the same with glue. The machine above
referred to for turning the ends of the rounds and forming the shoulders and
pins consist of a double-stocked turning plane worked by two hand screws
alternately fitted one on each side of the plane, in order to seperate or bring

page_text: together the two stocks. A spiral spring is fitted round each of the screws,
and placed between the stocks so as to facilitate their seperation. A plano
iron and wedge is fitted in one of the stocks, the cutting edge of which turns
or cuts the pins to the required size. A pair of steel plates with circular
cutting edges is fixed on one side of the plane, one on each stock, through
which the round of the ladder is introduced, and on adjusting the screws and
turning the machine the shoulder and pin are turned or cut to the required
size. An iron plate, with slot and adjusting screw, is fitted on the opposite
side of the plane to form a stop, so as to enable the pins and shoulders to be
cut or turned to the required length.