Improved Means and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Volatile Liquids and the Production of Mechanical Energy.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Sept., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 29th Nov., 1899-Accepted, 31st Mar., 1900
Improved Means and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Volatile
Liquids and the Production of Mechanical Energy.
CÉLESTE JOLY, 22-23, Lawrence Pountney Lane, London, E.C., Inventor.
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Almost all gases can be liquefied by the application of cold and pressure.
Some of them such as air, oxygen, nitrogen, acetylene, coal gas, laughing gas
and others can be condensed only by very intense cold and very great pressure
and the actual means of liquefying such substances are too expensive owing to
the great strength which the vessel in which the liquefaction takes place must
have or the great loss of power spent in compressing the gases the expansion of
which is to produce the required cold.
My invention consists of an improved system for liquefying such substances
and obtaining the required temperature by the self intensification of cold with a
minimum of power, of allowing the atmosphere to heat the liquids thus formed
so as to gasify them at a temperature higher than that at which they have been
liquefied and to enable them to produce, by their expansion, a quantity of power
greater than the quantity required to liquefy them and of perpetual motion for
all purposes.
For manufacturing the liquids, I compress the gases in a coil contained in
a tank in which a stream of cold water is allowed to run, or a current of air to
circulate, so as to absorb the heat produced by the compression. A valve hinders
the gases from escaping from this first coil as long as they are not compressed
to the required extent. They escape and are conveyed in another coil contained
in an insulated tank or receiver filled up with alcohol or any low freezing or
unfreezable liquid. A valve allows the gases to escape fm this coil when
the pressure exceeds a certain point and they descend to the bottom of the
receiver through a pipe from which they escape so that they ascend and expand
through the liquid absorbing from it the whole amount of the heat required for
their expansion. The liquid becomes exceedingly cold and cools the coil which
is filled with the compressed gas that has not escaped through the pressure main-
tenance valve. This gas liquefies. The temperature in this receiver cannot
change and the intensity of the cold maintained depends upon the substance
which is to be liquefied and the pressure maintained by the valve. It is always
equal to the degree required to liquefy the substance at such pressure. When
the temperature rises the tension augments in the coil and a part of the com-
pressed gas escapes and ascends through the unfreezable liquid from which it
absorbs a large quantity of heat. If the cold becomes more intense, a part of
the compressed gas liquefies in the coil, a large quantity of heat being produced
at the time of liquefaction. The liquid formed can be allowed out of the coil
and stored into such cases as described in the Provisional Specifications 11835/1899
and 15718/1899 or any suitable receptacles for its preservation in the liquid
state, for the production of mechanical energy or any other purpose.

page_text: It can easily be understood that if the temperature maintained in the case
in which the liquid is preserved is lower than that at which the gas has been
liquefied, the tension of the gas when allowed to expand will be smaller than
that which has been required to liquefy it and the amount of power given by
the expansion of the substance will be smaller than the quantity which has been
spent in liquefying it over and above that necessary to compress the gas whose
expansion has produced the required cold. There will therefore be a consider-
able and irreparable loss of energy and that which has been used in compress-
ing the gas to be liquefied instead of being stored by the process has simply
vanished away.
On the contrary, if the substance is allowed to expand at a
temperature higher than that at which it has been liquefied, the expansive power
produced will be greater than the power spent for the liquefaction and a large
quantity of power is produced from absolutely nothing but the difference of
temperature between the liquefying and the expanding apparatuses. This pro-
duces perpetual motion and the principle is an improvement on one part of the
invention a Provisional Specification for which was numbered 3932/1898.
My invention comprises therefore perpetual motion or the perpetual pro-
duction of mechanical energy for every purpose. It is successfully obtained
with every substance that liquefies by the application of cold and pressure and
I shall take air which is the cheapest of all substances as an instance. I first
compress air to say 100 atmospheres in a first coil contained in a vessel in which
air at the atmospheric pressure is caused to circulate in order to suck away the
heat produced by such compression. As soon as the pressure in this coil exceeds
100 atmospheres a valve opens and the compressed air escapes in another coil
or receptacle contained in such an insulated tank as described above, a part
of the air expands from 100 atmospheres to its former pressure thereby absorbing
such a large quantity of heat that the intensely cold liquid which surrounds the
coil forces the rest of the compressed air to liquefy. The pressure maintenance
valves being adjusted so that the compressed gas liquefies under such pressure at
the temperature produced by the expansion of a part of the compressed air.
Less than one half the compressed gas will expand for producing the cold and
the rest will be liquefied by the cold produced. The pressure maintained in
the coil by the valve is always greater than the critical pressure of 50 atmo-
spheres required and the expansion of the gas produces a degree of cold lower
than the critical temperature. When half the compressed gas expands for pro-
ducing the cold, if the cold costs one quantity of power, one quantity
of liquid air will cost two quantities of power. If I allow the liquid
in a strong and uninsulated vessel, the heat of the atmosphere will heat it and
as its critical temperature is about 124 degrees Centigrade, the whole will at
once gasify and the tension in a closed vessel will reach 688 atmospheres,
688 quantities of air at the ordinary pressure and temperature of the atmosphere
being required to produce one quantity of liquid air. According to the generally
accepted laws of the expansion of gases, if a valve hinders the air from escaping
from this vessel as long as its tension has not reached say 600 atmospheres the
power which can be given by the full expansion of one quantity of liquid air
will be equal to about 6 quantities of power and if I have spent only two quan-
tities to get the liquid at 100 atmospheres. I have 4 quantities left which I
can use for the perpetual production of liquid air, perpetual power for all kinds
of machines, perpetual electricity, light, heat, cold, magnetism or any other
purpose. The lower the temperature at which the air is liquefied and the higher
that at which it is expanded, the greater the number by which the original
quantity of power is multiplied.
My system of liquefaction, by means of the pressure maintenance valves which
can maintain different pressures in different vessels or receptacles in which the
gases are caused to pass enables me also to obtain several liquids from one quan-
tity of compound gas. As an instance, air is composed of 77 parts by weight
of nitrogen and 23 parts of oxygen and liquid air is therefore nothing but a
air. By hindering the gas from escaping from the boiler before the tension

page_text: mixture of liquid oxygen and nitrogen. The critical pressure of nitrogen is
42.1 atmospheres and that of oxygen is 50 atmospheres. The required degree of
cold being obtained by the expansion of compressed air, and the first valve main-
taining a pressure of say 45 atmospheres, the nitrogen will liquefy in a first coil
or receptacle and the remaining oxygen can be liquefied in another one where
the pressure maintained is above 50 atmospheres. 704 volumes of nitrogen at
the ordinary pressure and temperature of the air being required to produce one
quantity of liquid nitrogen and 6:39 volumes of oxygen gas for one volume of
liquid oxygen, 1000 volumes of air will give 1.0937 volumes of liquid nitrogen
and 0.3597 volume of liquid oxygen instead of 1.4534 volumes of liquid air.
My invention is not limited to any particular shape but the drawings are
given in order to show how my invention can be practically carried out.
Fig. 1 shows the section of an apparatus for making volatile liquids. The
gases entering by 1 are compressed by 2 and in the pipe and the coil 5 from
which they escape through the pressure maintenance valve i. Cold water is
allowed around 5 through 11 and out of the vessel through 12 to absorb the heat
produced by the compression. The gases escaping from pass through the
pipe 7 into the coil 8 contained in an insulated vessel filled with an unfreezable
liquid. As soon as the pressure exceeds a certain point, the valve 9 opens
and a part of the compressed gases escape through 10 and ascend and expand
into the unfreezable liquid absorbing a great quantity of heat by their expansion
and they are then free to escape through 14. 14 may be connected with 1 so
that the same gases can be compressed again without any loss. The intense cold
produced forces the rest of the compressed gases to liquefy and the liquid can
then be transferred into suitable receptacles through 13 which is provided with
a suitable valve.
Fig. 2 is a section of the principal working parts of a liquid air perpetual
motion engine which can also be used with any volatile liquids. is the admis-
sion of the air from the atmosphere to a first compressor 2 which transfers it
in a second compressor 3. The compressed gases pass through the pipe 4 into
the coil 5. The pressure maintenance valve 6 allows the air to escape from 5
when the pressure exceeds the required point and the air escapes through 7 into
a second coil 8. 9 is a pressure maintenance valve and when the tension in 7
and 8 exceeds a point a little lower than that maintained by 6, a part of the
air escapes through the pipe 10 and expands in ascending through the unfreez-
able liquid which surrounds the coil thereby absorbing a large quantity of heat.
The cold thus produced forces the air to liquefy in 8. The valve 11 allows the
liquid air to run out of the coil through the pipe 12 from which it is transferred
by the insulated pump 13 into the pipe 14 which conveys it to the uninsulated
and strong liquid air vessel 15. The liquid air gasifies into 15 by the effect
of the heat of the atmosphere and the compressed air finds its way to the pipe 16
and the pressure maintenance valve 17 which hinders it from escaping as long
as its pressure is not a certain number of times greater than that maintained
by G.
The compressed air escaping through 17 is expanded first by 18 and next
by 19 from which it escapes through the pipe 20 which can be connected with 1
so that the same air can be used over and over again. 21 is a vessel containing
the coil 5, 22 another one surrounding the receptacle for the liquid air, 23 the
vessel which contains the unfreezable liquid around the coil 8 and 24 another
vessel containing the insulating material. 25 is an air propeller which causes
the air of the atmosphere to circulate through 21 and cool the coil 5 warmed
by the compression of the air. 26 and 27 are air circulation vessels which
surround the cylinders of 18 and 19 and the propeller 28 forces the air to circu-
late inside in order to keep the cylinders, which are continually cooled by the
expansion of the compressed air, at the atmospheric temperature so as to obtain
as much power as possible from the expansion. The gases issuing from 26
and 27 and which have been cooled by 18 and 19 are then conveyed into 21
by the pipe 29 in order to cool the coil 5 and render the compression easier.

page_text: The air expanding in the liquid contained in 23 is of course as cold as the liquid
itself, therefore the pipe 30 conveys it to the propeller 25 which forces it to
circular inside of 21. 31 is the escapement of the air from the air circulation
vessel 22 and as heat tends to augment the tension or hasten the gasification of
the liquid air of 15 the gases heated in 21 escape from there to surround it
in 22 through the pipe 32. The valve 6 hindering the air from escaping out
of 5 before the pressure is raised to 1500lbs. per square inch, at least half the
compressed air will liquefy in 8 and the rest will escape through and 10 to
produce the required cold. If the valve 17 hinders the air from escaping
from 15 as long as the tension has not reached 9000lbs. per square inch, the
quantity of power which can be obtained from the expansion of the air will be
about tinies greater than the quantity spent for compressing it in the first
instance and if one quantity is required for producing the cold and another
quantity for liquefying a part of the air compressed by 2 and 3, 4 quantities of
power remain for moving the pump 13, the propellers 25 and 28, for friction
and for giving perpetual motion to the moving parts of the machinery. The
number by which the quantity of power required for compressing the air in
the first instance depends therefore of nothing but the difference of tension main-
tained by the valves 6 and 17 and the amount of power given by the machine
is augmented or diminished by augmenting or diminishing the resistance of 17.
As the tensions of liquid air are comparatively enormous, acetylene, nitrous
oxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia or other volatile liquids of smaller tensions
can be used for portable or small perpetual motion engines.
My improved system for the manufacture of volatile liquids consists therefore
in obtaining a degree of cold lower than the critical temperature of the sub-
stance to be liquefied by the full expansion of a gas compressed to the required
extent and cooled during such compression, the expansion being automatic and
governed by suitable pressure maintenance valves in such a way that the tem-
perature of the liquid or substance which surrounds the coil or receptacle which
contains the compressed gases which have not expanded for producing the cold
is latent and constant and my invention comprises the manufacture of several
liquids from the same bulk of gases and every kind of machine which will enable
the atmosphere to warm the volatile liquids, to expand them and obtain from
the expansion a quantity of power greater than the quantity required for manu-
facturing them and perpetual motion with all accessories and modifications for
every purpose.
”ד
11.1 1900
Improved Means and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Volatile
Liquids and the Production of Mechanical Energy.
I, CELESTE JOLY, 22-23, Laurence Pountney Lane, London, E.C., Inventor-
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:---
Almost all gases can be liquefied by the application of cold and pressure.
Some of them whose critical temperature is below the ordinary temperature of
the atmosphere, such as air, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen or not much above that
temperature such as acetylene, coal gas, laughing gas and others can be liquefied
only by very intense cold, equal in intensity to the critical tomperature required

page_text: and by very great pressure equal to that which is required to condense the sub-
stance at such temperature.
To compress gases is also to warm them. The atmosphere can act as a per-
petual cooler upon such compressed gases absorbing the heat produced by the
compression. When gases are compressed and afterwards cooled down to the
temperature of the atmosphere, they produce by their expansion a quantity of
cold equal to the quantity of heat absorbed from them by the atmosphere. This
cold can be used for any purpose and it is successfully utilized to produce the
temperature required to liquefy the most refractory gases. The temperature
of the atmosphere causes volatile liquids to evaporate and it acts upon all such
liquids as would a furnace do upon water.
The atmosphere is therefore a perpetual cooler able to absorb the heat pro-
duced by the compression of gases and a perpetual source of heat able to gasify
any volatile liquid. This is one of the reasons why I have succeeded to carry
out this invention, that is the manufacture of volatile liquids with a minimum
of power and the perpetual production of mechanical energy.
I obtain the perpetual production or the perpetual reproduction of mechanical
energy by means of every substance that can be liquefied by the application of
cold and pressure and which the heat of the atmosphere is able to gasify under a
pressure greater than that of the atmosphere. I succeed it also with every sub-
stance which heat can gasify under pressure when the expansive energy given
by the compressed gases is greater than the energy required to produce the
necessary heat.
**
The power given by heat in gasifying water is as widely known as the steam
engine. A very great quantity of heat may be spent in gasifying water and the
power produced will be nil and the self same quantity of heat can thus be
applied that it will create a very great amount of energy. It simply depends
upon the pressure at which that gasification is effected and the greater the pres-
sure of the steam produced, the greater the amount of power it gives by its
expansion. Power produces electricity, electricity produces heat and heat pro-
duces power.
When the heat produced by electricity is applied to gasify a liquid
under such a pressure that the power produced by the expansion of the gases is
greater than the power required to generate the electricity, the engine by which
this is done is a perpetual motion engine, since it will continually give a surplus
quantity of power which can be used for any purpose.
This my invention consists of an improved system for the manufacture of
volatile liquids with a minimum of power and of perpetual motion for every
variety of purpose. Since energy can be used for making volatile liquids, pro-
ducing cold, heat, electricity and the like, my invention comprises therefore
the perpetual manufacture of volatile liquids, the perpetual production of cold,
heat, electricity, electric light and the like.
To liquefy refractory gases with a minimum of power I first compress them to
the required extent in a coil of sufficient length and cooling surface to allow the
atmosphere, a current of cold water or any cooling medium to absorb the heat
produced by the compression. After they have been cooled, the gases are allowed
to enter into a suitable cylinder or a coil surrounded with a brine or any unfreez-
able liquid contained in a vessel well insulated on all sides. The liquefaction is
automatic and self effected through the working of a pressure maintenance valve
which allows a part of the compressed gas to escape and expand in the brine
from which it absorbs a quantity of heat equal to that previously absorbed from
the gases after their compression. Through this valve, the temperature main-
tained in the liquefyer is always equal to that which is required to liquefy the
substance at the pressure maintained.
To obtain perpetual motion by liquid air, I compress the air of the atmo-
sphere to about 100 atmospheres. The compressed air passes in a coil of sufficient
length to allow the atmosphere to absorb all the heat produced by the com-
pression. About half that compressed air is then allowed to expand and that

page_text: expansion produces enough cold to liquefy the other half which remains under
pressure. About 700 volumes of air at the temperature and pressure of the
atmosphere being required to make one volume of liquid air, I compress
1400 litres of air every time 1 require one litre of liquid. The quantity of heat
absorbed by the atmosphere from 700 litres of air compressed to 100 atmospheres
is equal to about 116,00 gramme heat units and this is also the amount of cold
produced by the full expansion of that quantity of cooled compressed air. The
quantity of cold required to liquefy the other 700 litres remaining under pres-
sure is only about 14,380 gramme heat units. There is therefore, according to
such proportions, an ample provision for cold lost through incomplete expan-
sion, imperefet insulation, cooling of the machinery and other causes.
The
temperature maintained in the liquefyer is much lower than the critical tem-
perature of 124 degrees Centigrade and the pressure is greater than the critical
pressure of 50 atmospheres required. The liquid air is transferred into a
cylinder able to stand a very great internal pressure and which is fully exposed
to the heat of the atmosphere. That heat will at once gasify the volatile liquid
and the tension in the atmospheric boiler will be equal in number of atmospheres
to the number of volumes of air required to make one volume of liquid, that is,
700 atmospheres. A pressure maintenance valve hinders the compressed air
from escaping as long as it is not compressed to the required extent and opens
the passage to the expanding machinery when the maximum tension is reached.
Two quantities by weight of air compressed to 100 atmospheres produce therefore
one quantity of air compressed to 700 atmospheres. The maximum power
required to make one litre of liquid is about equal to one horse power during
147 minutes and its full expansion at 700 atmospheres can exceed one horse
power during 435 minutes. An engine compressing air to 100 atmospheres and
able to make one litre of the liquid per minute, under such circumstances will
therefore be a 288 horse power per minute perpetual motion engine. This
result, as is the case with every volatile liquid perpetual motion engine is
obtained because the atmosphere acts as a perpetual cooler upon the compressed
gases and as a perpetual furnace upon the liquid and because such cold and
heat cost nothing.
To obtain the perpetual production of energy by liquid acetylene, nitrous
oxide, coal gas, carbon dioxide, ammonia and all other volatile liquids, I compress
them to such an extent that they will liquefy under such pressure by the cold
produced by the expansion of a part of the compressed gas after it has been
cooled by the atmosphere. As the critical temperature of all these liquids is
not, or not much, below the temperature of the air, I liquefy them also by the
cold produced by the expansion of a quantity of compressed air and I gasify them
at high pressures by the heat produced by the compression of the air, the
intensity of that heat being greater than their critical temperature when the
pressure to which the air is subjected exceeds two atmospheres for the more
volatile ones and four atmospheres for ammonia and others.
Perpetual motion engines by carbon dioxide in which the gas is compressed
to 12 atmospheres and half allowed to expand to produce the cold required to
liquefy the rest and in which the liquid is expanded at 50 atmospheres through
the heat of the atmosphere are very simple and efficient.
As in the case of carbon dioxide and a few other liquids, I do not want to
liquefy them again after their having been gasified. I simply warm the boiler
with the heat produced by the compression of air and cool the liquefyer by the
expansion of that compressed air after it has parted with all the heat of com-
pression. In the case of carbon dioxide as an instance by maintaining a tem-
perature of above 30 degrees Centigrade in the boiler and of 0 in the liquefyer,
by alternately compressing air to atmospheres and expanding it after, I have
a pressure of over 13 atmospheres in the boiler and one of less than 36 atmo-
spheres in the liquefyer. The expansive power of the gases from the boiler to
the liquefyer is very much greater than that which is required to compress the

page_text: reached is 100 atmospheres, the temperature in the boiler will be greater than
the critical temperature of the liquid, viz.-31 degrees Centigrade and the power
given can be more than five times greater than that which is required to pro-
duce the difference of temperature. An injector or a feed pump transfers the
liquid from the liquefyer to the boiler.
To obtain perpetual motion by the effect of electrical heat, I cause that heat
to act upon a liquid, say water, so as to gasify it under such a pressure that the
expansive power of the steam will be greater than that which is required for
producing the electricity. One horse power of energy will easily produce
10,000 available gramme units of heat. It requires 637,000 thermal units to
gasify one litre of water at the pressure of the atmosphere, 662,000 at 10 atmo-
spheres, 670,000 at 20 atmospheres, 674,000 at 25 atmospheres, 683,000 at
40 atmospheres, 692,000 at 60 atmospheres and 708,000 at 100 atmospheres. It
is why these engines will not work at a pressure of less than about 27 atmospheres
because below such pressure, the power produced by the heat is smaller than that
which is required for producing the heat which simply escapes with
the steam in the atmosphere without giving the required result. The
greater the pressure of the steam in the boiler, the
greater the
amount of power given for а certain quantity of heat and for 21
certain volume of water gasified. Thus, for every litre of water gasified at
40 atmospheres, there will be a surplus of energy of .1 horse power, 39.6 at
60 atmospheres, 75.5 at 80 atmospheres. 128.3 at 100 atmospheres and so on
according to the pressure. Owing to loss of power for moving the feed pump
for the boiler, incomplete expansion and escapement of steam and friction in
the machinery, the pressure maintained in the boiler should always be between
80 and 100 atmospheres and a suitable number of pistons and cylinders are used
in order to obtain as much power as possible from the expansion of the steam.
I use my perpetual motion engines for the perpetual manufacture of volatile
liquids and specially for the perpetual manufacture of liquid air which can be
stored in suitable receptacles for the production of power, cold and other purposes.
Allowing a large amount of energy for loss through incomplete expansion and
other causes, one quantity of liquid air can very easily be used to make two
quantities of it provided that the air compressed by the machine is cooled by the
atmosphere before entering the liquefyer and that the atmosphere is allowed to
warm the liquid once it is made.
I use them also for the perpetual production of cold for ice making, cold storage
purposes and every cooling, freezing or preserving purpose. This result is
obtained when the power of the engines is used to compress gases which pro-
duce cold by their expansion after the heat of compression has been absorbed
or to make volatile liquids which absorb heat by their expansion.
The power which is perpetually produced by my engines is efficiently used
for the production of electricity when they are connected with a dynamo or
any other electrical machine. By the perpetual production of electricity, they
give perpetual electrical heat and electric light and these advantages are of
very great value.
I make my perpetual motion engines according to the tastes and requirements
of the persons who use them and of any size, shape and form. The drawings
accompanying this specification are given to show how it is possible to carry out
my invention with success.
Fig. 1 shows how my liquefying apparatus can be constructed so as to be
efficient. The air or the gas to be liquefied is first compressed to the required
extent by any ordinary gas compressing machine. That compressed gas enters
the cooler which is a part of the apparatus through the pipe I and it passes through
the coil 2 contained in the vessel which is filled with water.
Water is con-
stantly caused to circulate in the vessel 3 and it enters in it through the pipe 4
and runs out through pipe 5. That water absorbs the heat produced by the
compression so that the temperature of the gas that passes through the pipe 6 is
the same as the water's. The pipe 6 conveys the gas into the liquefyer and that

page_text: gas enters into a cylinder 7 provided with a stop valve or any suitable pressure
maintenance valve 8. As the compressing machine goes on working, the pres-
sure augments and if the temperature in the liquefyer is not intense enough
for that gas to liquefy, a part of it escapes through the valve 8 and it expands
in the pipe 9 and the coil 10. The gas, by that expansion absorbs a quantity
of heat equal to that which has been abstracted from it after its compression
and an intense cold is thereby produced. The gas escapes through the pipe 11
and it can be compressed again to do the same duty over and over again. The
coil 10 is contained in a vessel 12 which is itself surrounded by a larger vessel 13.
The space between the vessels 12 and 13 is filled with a sufficient quantity of
suitable insulating material such as slag wool, asbestos, felt or any other. The
vessel 12 is filled with some unfreezable or low-freezing-point liquid such as alcohol
a solution of chloride of calcium or any other. The intense cold produced in
the coil 10 by the gas escaping through the valve 8 is stored in this liquid which
surrounds the cylinder 7. The gas remaining under pressure in 7 is thereby
cooled down to the required point and it liquefies. The liquid thus produced
is obtained by opening the valve 14 and it can be transferred into suitable
receptacles or used for any purpose.
Fig. 2 is a section of the principal working parts of a volatile liquid perpetual
motion engine. This engine with suitable proportions and accessories can also
be used for the self manufacture of volatile liquids, the perpetual production
of cold heat, electricity, light and the like. 1 is the admission of the air from
the atmosphere to a first compressor 2 which transfers it into a second com-
pressor 3. The compressed gases pass through the pipe 4 into the coil 5. The
pressure maintenance valve 6 allows the air to escape from 5 when the pressure
exceeds the required point and the air escapes through 7 into the coil 8. 9 is a
pressure maintenance valve and when the tension in 7 and 8 exceeds a point a
little lower than that maintained by 6, a part of the air escapes through the
pipe 10 and expands in ascending through the unfreezable liquid which surrounds
the coil, thereby absorbing a large quantity of heat. The cold thus produced
forces the air to liquefy in the coil 8 and the cylinder 33. The valve 11 allows
the liquid air to run out of the cylinder through the pipe 12, from which it is
transferred by the insulated pump 13 into the pipe 14 which conveys it to the
uninsulated and strong liquid air vessel 15. The liquid air gasifies in 15 by the
effect of the heat of the atmosphere and the compressed air finds its way to the
pressure maintenance valve 17 and to the pipe 16. The valve 17 hinders it
from escaping as long as its pressure is not a certain number of times greater than
that maintained by 6. The compressed air escaping through this valve 17 is
expanded in the cylinders 18 and 19 from which it escapes through the pipe 20.
which can be connected with 1 so that the same air can be used over and over
again. 21 is a vessel containing the coil 5, 22 is another one surrounding the
receptacle for the liquid air, 23 the vessel which contains the unfreezable liquid
around the coil 8 and the vessel 33 and 24 another vessel containing the insulat-
ing material. 25 is an air propeller which causes the air of the atmosphere to
circulate through 21 and cool the coil 5, warmed by the compression of the
air. 26 and 27 are air circulation vessels which surround the cylinders 18
and 19 and the propeller 28 forces the air to circulate inside in order to keep the
cylinders, which are continually cooled by the expansion of the compressed air,
at the atmospheric temperature, so as to obtain as much power as possible from the
expansion of the air. The gases issuing from 26 and 27, and which have been
cooled by 18 and 19, are then conveyed into 21 by the pipe 29, in order to cool
the coil 5. The air expanding in the liquid contained in 23 is, of course, as cold
as the liquid itself, therefore, the pipe 30 conveys it to the propeller 25, which
forces it to circulate inside of 21. 31 is the escapement of the air from 22 and
as heat tends to augment the tension, or hasten the gasification, of the liquid
air of 15, the gases heated in 21 escape from there to surround it in 22, through
the pipe 32,

page_text: The valve 6 hindering the air from escaping out of 5, before the pressure is
raised to 100 atmospheres, at least half the compressed air will liquefy in 8 and
the rest will escape through 9 and 10 to produce the required cold. If the
valve 17 hinders the air from escaping out of 15 as long as the tension has not
reached 600 atmospheres, the quantity of power that can be obtained from the
expansion of the air will be about 6 times greater than the quantity spent for
compressing it, and if one quantity is required for producing the cold and
another quantity for the liquefaction, four quantities remain for moving the
pump 13, the air propellers 25 and 28, for friction, and for giving perpetual
inotion to the machinery. The number by which the power required for com-
pressing the air to 100 atmospheres is multiplied depends therefore on nothing
but the difference of tension maintained by the valves 6 and 17, and the amount
of power given by the machine is augmented or diminished by augmenting or
diminishing the resistance of 17.
The same machine is also successfully used for the perpetual manufacture of
liquid air and other volatile liquids. For this purpose, the surplus power given
by the machine is used to compress air which is cooled and liquefied as explained
by Fig. 1. Since cooled compressed air produces cold by its expansion, the
machine represented by Fig. 2 is also a perpetual freezing machine since the
power of that machine can be used for compressing air. For the perpetual
production of electricity electric light and the like, the machine is connected
with a dynamo or any suitable electrical machine.
All the parts of such a machine as that represented by Fig. 2 change according
to requirements. As instances, the heating surface of the vessel 15 depends
upon the quantity of compressed air required in a given time. If a large quan-
tity of compressed air is required in a short time, the liquid is first caused to
pass through a coil fully exposed to the air of the atmosphere or surrounded with
water at the ordinary temperature of the atmosphere and the result required is
obtained. The respective size of the compressing and expanding cylinders
depends upon the quantity of power or liquid or cold required. When the
machine compresses two quantities by weight of air to say 100 atmospheres it is
simply a perpetual motion engine but if it compresses say four quantities of air,
it becomes a perpetual liquid air making machine or a perpetual air compressing
engine or a perpetual freezing machine and so on.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. An improved system for the manufacture of volatile liquids whereby the
heat produced by the compression of gases is absorbed by the atmosphere, or
any cooling medium, so that the expansion of a part of the compressed gas in
an unfreezable brine contained in an insulated vessel and surrounding the rest
of the compressed gas, will produce enough cold to force the rest of the com-
pressed gas to liquefy, this liquefaction being automatic and self effected through
a pressure maintenance valve, substantially as set forth in the specification.
2.-Apparatuses or engines for the self production of mechanical energy and
the like.
3. The use of perpetual motion engines and engines constructed after the
principles which produce perpetual motion for the perpetual manufacture of
volatile liquids, the perpetual production of cold, electricity, heat, light and all
purposes, as described in this my specification.
1000