Improvements in Means and Appliances for Administering, Govern- ing and Measuring Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen for the Purposes of Inhalation.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 24th July, 1998
Complete Specification Left, 24th Apr., 1897-Accepted, 3rd July, 1897
Date VI
T
Complete Specification Left, 24th Apr., 1897-Accepted, 3rd July, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means and Appliances for Administering, Govern-
ing and Measuring Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen for the Purposes
of Inhalation.
WE MANCHESTER OXYGEN (BRINS PATENT) COMPANY LIMITED, of Great
Marlborough Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, and WILLIAM MORTON
JACKSON, of the said Company, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows.
Our said invention relates to improved apparatus for use in administration
by inhalation of nitrous oxide or oxygen, for example during dental or surgical
operations or for restorative purposes, and in means for measuring the amount with-
drawn from or remaining in the cylinder or receptacle containing the gas.
In such apparatus as at present used, the outlet from the cylinder is usually
connected with a screw down tap or valve and the gas is led directly into a bag
from which the gas inhaled by the patient through the medium of a mouth piece.
To compensate for the deflation of the bag by the inhalation of the patient, the
operator is, under present circumstances and in most cases, accustomed to move
the aforesaid tap or valve by means of his foot so as to supply more or less gas to the
bag.
According to our invention we provide a governor composed of a collapsable
chamber or bellows having base with an inlet on one side and an outlet on the
other. The inlet leads into a short upright in the bellows the said upright
terminating in a removable inverted valve seating. A hall or other valve fits this
seat and the valve stem projects upward through the seating and screws into a cover
forming the upper end of the bellows. Between the valve seat shell and the cover
there extends a coiled spring which presses against the cover and keeps the bellows
extended. The gas outlet passes through the base of the bellows to a bag situated
between the said bellows governor and the face piece. The bellows with base and
cover as described is placed in a case or stand and between the cover and the top of
the case we place a coiled spring with a plate at the top. This spring is introduced
in a state of compression between the cover and the top of the case and by pressing
on the cover modifies or balances or overbalances the pressure of the spring within
the bellows, this adjustment of the pressure of the top spring being effected by the
manipulation of a set screw passing through the top of the case.
Thus by regu-
lating the screw the valve may be balanced so that a very slight inhalation by the
patient will suffice to open the inlet valve and admit gas, or the screw may be set.
so far down as to positively open the valve and supply gas to the patient under
pressure if necessary.
Between the said governing means and the face piece we introduce an elastic bag
or receiver of any convenient capacity strung upon a perforated tube which passes
through the centre of the bag. The connection between the two ends of the tube
and the bag is made with sufficient care to prevent leakage. The perforations in the
tube are of sufficient aggregate area to allow easy inhalation of the contents of the
bag. The function of the bag is to re-administer the gas if desired. The governor
hereinbefore described is adjusted so that an easy inhalation is sufficient to open the
inlet valve in the governor. The patient inhales through the face piece and the bag

page_text: collapses around the tube, the gas being drawn directly through the tube from the
governor until the lungs are full. By manipulating the usual two-way valve in the
face piece the gas breathed back or returned from the lungs, may either be allowed
to escape to the atmosphere or it may be returned to the bag through the perforated
tube, the bag becoming inflated by the respired gas. At the next breath the gas is
again inhaled and this may be repeated as often as the operator thinks fit. In order
to provide a supply of gas to the bellows inlet under constant low pressure say at
1 or 2 lbs. on the square inch we attach to the cylinder in the ordinary manner an
automatic high pressure gas governor or reducing valve and deliver the gas from the
cylinder through the reducing valve. As it is important to be able to gauge the
contents of the cylinder and the amount drawn off hy the inhalation of the patient,
we propose in the case of nitrous oxide to suspend the cylinder or vessel containing
the nitrous oxide to a spring balance the bar of which will give an index of the
weight of the cylinder and its contents, while a dial with an adjustable indicator on
the face of the balance will thereafter show what quantity of gas has been withdrawn
from the cylinder or how much remains therein.
For example a cylinder containing 600 gallons of compressed nitrous oxide weighs
with its fittings about 50 lbs. When hung on the scale the weight would be indi-
cated on the bar of the balance and at the same time the movable dial index would
be moved by the operator and set to indicate 600 gallons. As the bottle emptied it
would lighten and the dial index would travel towards zero. When the operator sees
that the bottle is nearly empty he removes the old bottle and connects a new one,
re-setting the dial at the same time.
The dial is conveniently graduated into multiple and fractional parts of 30 oz. as a
unit, this being the weight of 100 gallons of nitrous oxide and the indicator is
pivotted on the dial so that by means of a screw it can be fixed in any given position.
Dated the 23rd day of July 1896
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents, 5 John Dalton Street, Manchester,
For the Applicants.
Improvements in Means and Appliances for Administering, Govern-
ing and Measuring Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen for the Purposes
of Inhalation.
WE MANCHESTER OXYGEN (BRINS PATENT) COMPANY LIMITED, of Great
Marlborough Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, and WILLIAM
MORTON JACKSON, of the said Company, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what mauner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
drawings.
Our said invention relates to improved apparatus for use in administration by
inhalation of nitrous oxide or oxygen, for example during dental or surgical operations
or for restorative purposes, and in means for measuring the amount withdrawn
from or remaining in the cylinder or receptacle containing the gas.
In such apparatus as at present used, the outlet from the cylinder is usually
connected with a screw down tap or valve and the gas is led directly into a bag from
which it is inhaled by the patient through the medium of a mouth piece. To
compensate for the deflation of the hag by the inhalation of the patient, the operator
is under present circumstances and in most cases, accustomed to move the aforesaid
tap or valve hy means of his foot so as to supply more or less gas to the bag.
According to our invention we provide a governor composed of a collapsable
chamber or bellows having a base with an inlet on one side and an outlet on the
other. The inlet leads into a short upright in the bellows the said upright

page_text: terminating in a removable inverted valve seating. A ball or other valve fits this
seat and the valve stem projects upward through the seating and screws into a cover
forming the upper end of the bellows. Between the valve seat shell and the cover
there extends a coiled spring which presses against the cover and keeps the bellows
extended.
A coiled spring is introduced in a state of compression between the cover and the
top of the case containing the governor, the pressure of which modifies or balances,
or overbalances the spring within the bellows. The gas outlet passes through the
base of the bellows to a bag situated between the said bellows governor and the face
piece.
And in order that our said invention may be fully understood we will now refer
to the annexed sheet of illustrative drawings.
In the said drawings Fig. 1 represents an elevation of the governor with its case
in section together with an elastic bag or receiver.
Fig. 2 shows the governor in section.
Fig. 3 shows in reduced scale a view of a spring balance for ascertaining the
contents of the nitrous oxide cylinders.
Referring to the drawings the bellows a of the governor A with its base a¹ and
cover a² as described is placed in a case b and between the cover a² and the top
of the case b, we place a coiled spring c which is loosely carried by a collar d. Access
to the interior of the case b is provided for by means of the door b¹.
The governor A may be conveniently placed upon or secured to a table e or secured
to the wall of the room, or in any convenient situation. The spring e is introduced
in a state of compression between the cover and the top of the case band by
pressing on the cover a modifies or balances or overbalances the pressure of a spring
within the bellows a, this adjustment of the pressure of the top spring e being
effected by the manipulation of a set screw passing through a nut g¹ in the top
of the case. The collar d is secured to a reduced extension of the set screw g. Thus
by regulating the screw a ball valve à may be balanced so that a very slight
inhalation by the patient will suffice to open the inlet valve and admit gas through
the short upright A' and removable inverted valve seating 4, or the screw g might
be set so far down as to positively open the valve and supply gas to the patient
under pressure if necessary.
An inlet ³ secured to the upright h¹ is connected by means of suitable tubing ha
to the cylinder containing the gas, whilst an outlet a allows the gas to pass from the
bellows a along the tube h³ to the face piece.
Between the said governing means and the face piece we introduce an elastic bag
or receiver i of any convenient capacity strung upon a perforated tube; which passes
through the centre of the bag. The face piece may be of any suitable or ordinary
construction and is not illustrated in the drawings. The connection between the
two ends of the tube j and the bag i is made with sufficient care to prevent leakage.
The perforations in the tube are of sufficient aggregate area to allow easy
inhalation of the contents of the bag i. The function of the bag i is to re-administer
the gas if desired. The governor hereinbefore described is adjusted by means of
the screw g so that an easy inhalation is sufficient to cause the bellows to slightly
collapse and thus open the inlet valve & in the governor.
The patient inhales through the face piece and the bag i collapses around the
tube j, the gas being drawn directly through the tube from the governor A until the
lungs are full.
By manipulating the usual two-way valve in the face piece the gas breathed back
or returned from the lungs, may either be allowed to escape to the atmosphere or it.
may be returned to the bag through the perforated tube j, the bag becoming
inflated by the respired gas."
At the next breath the gas is again inhaled and this may be repeated as often as
the operator thinks fit.
In order to provide a supply of gas to the bellows inlet a³ under constant low
pressure say 1 or 2 lbs. on the square inch we attach to the cylinder in the

page_text: ordinary manner an automatic high pressure gas governor or reducing valve p and
deliver the gas from the cylinder k through the reducing valve. As it is important
to be able to gauge the contents of the cylinder and the amounts drawn off by the
inhalation of the patient, we propose in the case of nitrous oxide to suspend the
cylinder or vessel containing the nitrous oxide to a spring balance the bar m of
which will give an index of the weight of the cylinder and its contents, while a dial
n with an adjustable pointer on the face of the balance will thereafter show
what quantity of gas has been withdrawn from the cylinder or how much remains
therein.
For example a cylinder containing 600 gallons of compressed nitrous oxide weighs
with its fittings about 50 lbs. When hung on the scale the weight would be
indicated on the bar m of the balance and at the same time the movable pointer n¹
would be moved by the operator and set to indicate 600 gallons. As the bottle k
emptied it would lighten and the pointer n¹ would travel towards zero. When the
operator sees that the bottle is nearly empty he removes the old bottle and connects
a new one, re-setting the dial at the same time.
The dial is conveniently graduated into multiple and fractional parts of 30 oz. as a
unit, this being the weight of 100 gallons of nitrous oxide and the pointer ¹ is
pivotted on the dial n so that by means of a milled nut o it can be fixed in any
given position.
To operate the pointer n the bar m is provided with a rack, gearing with a pinion
or other gearing mounted on the pivot of the pointer n¹.
The number of teeth in the pinion is so proportioned as that
gallons of nitrous oxide have been withdrawn from the cylinder the
m consequent on the loss of weight of 30 oz. will cause the pointer n
consumption upon the dial n.
when, say 100
rise of the bar
to indicate this
Instead of a rack and pinion any convenient means well known to spring balance
makers for operating the pointer n upon the consumption of the nitrous oxide may
be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is.
1) The general arrangement, construction and combination of parts comprising
the improved apparatus for administering, governing and measuring the supply of
nitrous oxide, oxygen or the like in dental, surgical or
substantially as described and illustrated.
restorative treatment
2) In apparatus of the indicated nature the employment of a governor such as
A for the purposes and substantially as described and shown.
3) As means for controlling or governing the supply of nitrous oxide, oxygen or
the like the governor A composed generally of a collapsable bellows a provided with
an inlet and outlet controlled by a valve h held on its seat by means of a coiled
spring f, and balanced or overbalanced by a spring c, adjusted by a set screw y and
arranged and acting in the manner and substantially as described and illustrated.
4) The combination with the bag i, of the perforated tube j for the purposes and
substantially as described and illustrated.
5) The improved spring balance provided with graduated indicator bar m
dial n and movable pointer arranged and acting for the purposes and
substantially as described and illustrated with reference to Fig. 3 of the
drawings.
Dated this 110 of Amil 1007
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents, 5, John Dalton Street, Manchester,
For the Applicants.