Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Refined Sugar, Applicable also to the Manufacture of Glucose, Starch, and similar Products.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Dec., 1886
Complete Left, 19th Sept., 1887
Complete Accepted, 25th Oct., 1887
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Refined Sugar,
Applicable also to the Manufacture of Glucose, Starch, and
similar Products.
1, HENRI VIVIEN, Engineer, of 100 Rue de Maubeuge, Paris, France, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention chiefly relates to apparatus for the manufacture of refined sugar in
the form of slabs or tablets, by means of a centrifugal machine.
The features of novelty, as compared with the appliances hitherto used for a similar
purpose, consist of a new form of mould which receives the saccharine matter (full
mass), and in improved trucks and centrifugal apparatus for transporting and
refining the sugar after it has been run into the moulds and thereby formed into the
shape of slabs. The same kind of moulds trucks, and centrifugal apparatus may,
however, also be used for the treatment of starch, glucose, and similar products.
The new or improved mould consists of two parallel plates of sheet metal, united
at the bottom and provided at the top with a kind of spring clasp. This clasp is
formed by a pair of bent flexible blades, riveted to the inside of the plates, and a cap
or lid binged to one of the two blades; this cap serving to unite the two blades and
thereby to hold the walls of the mould at the required distance from each other.
By opening the clasp, the two walls or plates of the mould are allowed to go apart,
so as to facilitate the removal of the slab. Near its upper end each plate has a short
inside flange or horizontal rib, serving to support a sliding frame or hollow partition,
which also serves as a stay between the upper ends of the plates, and is perforated in
the centre to allow the full mass to pass down into the mould. One or more sliding
frames or perforated horizontal partitions may be placed inside of the mould.
Instead of being united by a rigid bottom, each or both of the plates may be
connected with the bottom by a hinge joint, which allows the plates to be turned down
into a horizontal plane for removing the slab.
For filling the moulds and subsequently transporting them to the turbine, I use
three-wheeled or four-wheeled trucks, preferably mounted on rails. The moulds are
placed in these trucks vertically, and arranged in several rows, separated from one

page_text: Or
another by vertical partitions of sheet metal, in such a manner, that the narrow open
ends of the moulds abut against the said partitions, and are closed by the same.
different groups of moulds may be placed edge-wise to one another, so as to avoid the
necessity of partitions between them. One end of the truck is left open and provided
with a cover which may be made to close hermetically by the pressure exerted by
several screw spindles and nuts, each nut being formed by one end of a curved link
pivoted at its other end to the side of the truck. The joints may be rendered air
tight by india rubber or other suitable packing, and the necessary rigidity of the
moulds in the truck may be attained by means of wooden wedges.
For treating the slabs or tablets of sugar by a centrifugal machine having full sides
and two concentric drums, the moulds are placed upright in the annular space between
the drums and arranged in a peculiar manner. The angular space between adjoining
rows of moulds is filled by a tightening appliance, consisting chiefly of a double
wedge placed vertically, a pair of moveable cheeks placed right and left of the wedge,
and a vertical screw spindle having its nut in the interior of the wedge and serving
to raise or lower the wedge, so as to press the cheeks symmetrically outward against
the moulds.
At the outside, that is to say, towards the outer circumference of the drum, each
row of moulds rests against a metal plate adapted to slide between vertical guides
fixed to the circumference of the outer drum, and perforated for allowing the syrup to
escape from the moulds. The outside of this perforated plate is provided with ribs to
prevent the deformation of the same. One of the compartments occupied by the
tightening wedges is provided with a discharge valve situated at the bottom of the
drum.
Date this ɔɔnd day of Daconibor 1986
FAIRFAX & WETTER,.
433, Strand, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Applicable also to the Manufacture OI Glucose, Starch, and
similar Products.
I, HENRI VIVIEN, Engineer, of 100, Rue de Maubeuge, Paris, France, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF REFINED SUGAR, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE MANUFACTURE OF
GLUCOSE, STARCH AND, SIMILAR PRODUCTS," and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention chiefly relates to apparatus for the manufacture of refined sugar in
the form of slabs or tablets, by means of centrifugal machines, and by making use of
the fact, that porous bodies may be very rapidly and uniformly impregnated, provided
that the air contained in the pores has been previously removed.
The principal feature of novelty as compared with the appliances hitherto used for a
similar purpose consists of a new form of mould which receives the saccharine matter
(full mass), and in special appliances for refining the sugar after it has been run into
the moulds and thereby formed into the shape of slabs. The same kind of apparatus
may, however, also be used for the treatment of starch, glucose and similar products.
In the further description reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, of
which Fig. 1 is a vertical section and Fig. 2 a perspective view of a mould embodying
my invention, Fig. 3 a vertical section and Fig. 4 a plan of a truck for transporting
the moulds to the turbine or centrifugal apparatus; Fig. 5 a vertical section of a
centrifugal apparatus, Fig. 6 partly a plan and partly a horizontal section of the
same, and Fig. 7 a vertical section of an appliance for tightening or compressing the
inoulds in the centrifugal apparatus. The new or improved mould consists of two
parallel plates P, P of sheet metal united at the bottom by a narrow plate F or made
in one piece, and provided at the top with a spring clasp. The clasp is preferably
formed by a pair of bent flexible blades R, R rivetted to the inside of the plates and
a cap or lid hinged to one of the two strips, R, R and adapted to open sideways,
this cap serving to unite the two strips and thereby to hold the walls of the mould at
the required distance from each other.
By opening the clasp, the two walls or plates of the mould are allowed to go apart,
under the influence of their elasticity so as to facilitate the rapid removal of the slab.
The material of the plates and their connection with the bottom are therefore so
chosen, that the mould resembles a U shaped or open spring which tends to spread

page_text: out at the top. Near its upper end each plate has a short inside flange or horizontal
rib projection or groove o, o serving to support a rectangular sliding frame or hollow
partition which also serves as a stay or distance piece between the upper ends of the
plates and is open in the centre to allow the full mass to pass down into the mould.
Instead of one, two or more sliding frames or perforated horizontal partitions may be
placed between the two plates P, P.
Instead of being united at the bottom in the manner described, each or both of the
plates may be connected with the bottom by a hinge joint, which allows the plates to
be turned down into a horizontal plane for removing the slab.
For filling the moulds and subsequently transporting them to the turbine, I use
wheeled trucks, preferably mounted on rails. The moulds are placed in these trucks
vertically, and arranged in several rows separated from one another by vertical
partitions, c, of sheet metal in such a manner, that the narrow opon ends of the
moulds abut against the said partitions and are closed by the same, as shown in
Fig. 4. Or different groups of moulds may be placed edgewise to one another, so as
to avoid the necessity of partitions between them. As shown in Fig. 4, one end of
the truck is left open and provided with a cover y which may be made to close
hermetically by means of several screw-spindless and nuts, each nut being formed by
one end of a curved link pivoted at its other end to the side of the truck. The
joints may be rendered air-tight by.indiarubber or other suitable packing, and the
necessary rigidity of the moulds may be attained by means of wooden wedges, as
shown in Fig. 3, where wo is a wedge interposed between the mould and the side of the
truck, and provided with a handle w¹.
For treating the slabs or tablets of sugar by a centrifugal machine with full sides
and two concentric drums A and J, the moulds are placed upright in the annular
space K formed between the drums and arranged in groups or rows, as illustrated by
Fig. 6.
The angular space between adjoining rows of moulds is filled by a tightening
appliance shown in detail by Fig. 7. It comprises a double wedge R placed vertically,
a pair of movable checks S placed right and left of the wedge, a vertical screw-
spindle O, a nut Q held in a recess formed in the interior of the wedge, a pair of side
plates or partitions T, and a top plate or washer. By turning the screw-spindle, the
wedge is raised or lowered, and the cheeks may be pressed symmetrically outward
against the side of the moulds.
At the outside, that is to say, towards the outer circumference of the drum, each
row of moulds rests against a metal plate L adapted to slide in a groove or between
vertical guides L' fixed to the circumference of the outer drum, the plates L being
perforated for allowing the syrup to escape from the moulds (see Fig. 5). The
outside of this perforated plate is provided with ribs to prevent the deformation of the
same. One of the compartments occupied by the tightening wedges is provided with
a discharge valve situated at the bottom of the drum.
The
The centrifugal machine may be worked as follows. After the moulds P filled with
full mass have been placed into the annular space formed between the two drums and
secured therein by the tightening apparatus, the drum is set in motion.
centrifugal force now causes the green syrup to pass through the perforated plates L
and to rise up to the edge of the drum, so as to fall into the trough of the machine,
from which it is discharged in the usual manner. After having driven out the green
syrup, the machine is stopped, the drum is covered with the moveable lid B, and
a vacuum produced in the drum. Subsequently a certain quantity of clarifying
liquor is allowed to enter the drum by aspiration or under atmospheric pressure, so as
to impregnate the slabs of sugar and to penetrate the pores instead of the green
syrup and the air removed by the vacuum.
When the operation is completed, the air valve situated on the lid is opened, the
excess of clarifying liquor is driven back into the tank, either through a syphon
tube N, or (and preferably) through the valve situated at the bottom of the drum.
Finally the lid is removed, and the machine again set in motion, in order to drive out
the remaining syrup, and finish the process.

page_text: Having now particularly described the nature of my said invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A mould comprising in its construction a pair of plates united at the bottom so
as to form an open or U shaped spring, or connected by a hinge joint, and adapted to
be closed at the top, substantially as described and for the purposes specified.
2. AU or similarly shaped mould forming an open spring adapted to be closed at
the top by a clasp in the manner substantially as described and for the purposes
specified.
3. A mould comprising a pair of plates united in the manner described and
provided with one or more rectangular distance pieces or perforated partitions or
slides, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
4. A truck or car, having a side door adapted to be tightened by means of india-
rubber or other suitable packing, and by screw spindles and nuts which latter arc
hinged to the sides of the truck, as well as a system of wedges adapted to compress
or tighten the rows of moulds placed in the said tank, substantially as described and
for the purpose specified.
5. The appliances for tightening or securing the moulds placed in the turbine, said
appliances chiefly comprising wedges situated between adjoining groups of moulds,
and screw spindles adapted to operate the said wedges so as to exert a pressure on the
sides of the moulds, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
6. The combination of a centrifugal machine or turbine adapted to be used for the
purpose described, with tightening apparatus as described, and with a discharge valve
situated in the bottom of one of the compartments containing the tightening wedges.
7. A centrifugal machine provided with perforated plates of bronze or other
material, the said plates being adapted to slide in grooves or between guides on the
inside of the turbine, and strengthened by ribs or projections for the purpose of
preventing any deformation of the moulds while allowing an easy passage for the
syrup, substantially as described.
12 ☐ 1712
1
1003
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London,
Agents for the Applicant.