CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXPRESSION OF OIL FROM OIL- YIELDING SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF OIL CAKE AND OTHER RESIDUARY MATTERS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Marshall, of No. 126, Pentonville Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXPRESSION OF OIL FROM OIL-
YIELDING SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF OIL CAKE AND OTHER
RESIDUARY MATTERS."
Sealed the 15th January 1864, and dated the 27th October 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Marshall at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the
27th October 1863.
I, JOHN MARSHALL, of No. 126, Pentonville Road, in the County of Middle-
5 sex, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXPRESSION OF OIL FROM OIL-
YIELDING SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF OIL CAKE AND OTHER RESIDUARY
MATTERS," to be as follows:-
I use a strong metallic chamber (preferring the cylindrical form as the
strongest), closed at one end by a moveable perforated plug plate. Within this
chamber or cylinder, and either attached to or separate from but in parallel
contact with the inner surface of the said plug plate, I place a strainer composed
of one or more discs or layers of metallic gauze, perforated metal, textile or
porous fabric, or any other suitable straining or filtering material or medium,
which discs or layers may be all of the same nature or of different natures
combined, and laid singly, collectively, alternately, or otherwise. At the
other end of the chamber or cylinder I introduce an accurately fitting piston
or plunger, to which I apply hydraulic or other motive power. In case the
assistance of heat to the substance under compression should be required, I
surround the chamber or cylinder with a jacket or covering, leaving a sufficient

page_text: space between them, into which I admit steam or other convenient heating
agent. Thus, if between the piston or plunger and the strainer, the chamber
or cylinder be charged with any oil-yielding substance, the piston or plunger
will, upon application of the motive power, proceed towards the perforated
plug plate, gradually compressing the charge between the said piston or
plunger and the said strainer, and forcing the oil through the strainer out at
the said perforated plug plate, leaving the concrete or non-fluid matters
behind in the chamber or cylinder. In place of the said perforated plug
plate I likewise use a solid plug plate, and in place of a piston or plunger
with a solid end a perforated piston, in which case, instead of placing the
strainer as before described in parallel contact with the plug plate, I place it in
parallel contact with the face of the said perforated piston, forcing the oil back-
wards through the said strainer and perforated piston, and out through a tubular
piston rod or plunger, leaving, as in the preceeding case, the residuary matters
behind in the chamber or cylinder. Or, again, I use a perforated plug plate
and strainer simultaneously with a perforated piston and strainer, forcing the
oil at one and the same time through both the said perforated plug plate and
the said perforated piston, and leaving the residuary matters behind in the
chamber or cylinder as herein-before described. Finally, by opening the
chamber at the moveable plug plate and sufficiently continuing the power, the
residuum may be forced out by the piston or plunger (or it may be withdrawn
by any other convenient means), to be afterwards cut into slices, broken in
pieces, crushed, ground, melted, or otherwise dealt with according to its
nature and the purpose for which it is intended.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Marshall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th April 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MARSHALL, of No. 126, Pentonville Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil and Mechanical Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Marshall, Her special licence, that I, the said John Marshall,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Marshall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any

page_text: time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter,
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE EXPRESSION OF OIL FROM OIL-YIELDING SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE PRO-
DUCTION OF OIL CAKE AND OTHER RESIDUARY MATTERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Marshall, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Marshall, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
Hitherto it has been the practice to express oils from seeds and other
substances by screw or hydraulic presses, the oil escaping at the sides of the
presses.
Now my Invention consists in expressing oil from seed and oil-yielding
substances, and at the same time straining or filtering the oil by means of
hydraulic or other power made to act upon a ram or piston, and exert its
pressure upon the seed or other oil-yielding substance contained in a vessel,
by preference a cylinder, the seed or substance resting or being pressed
against a resisting medium formed by a hollow plug, the face of which carries
a perforated block which is furnished at front with layers of wire gauze per-
forated metal, textile or porous fabric, or other suitable straining or filtering
material, all as herein-after described with reference to the accompanying
Drawings.
For the purposes of my Invention 1 prefer to use seed which has been
simply "cracked" or bruised in contradistinction to the employment of seed which
has been previously crushed by edge runners or otherwise, and in all cases I
prefer to use the seed cold, and I dispense with steam or other heat, as I find that
when seed has been steamed or heated the steam or other heat liberates certain
elements or matters injurious to the oil. By my cold process I express the oil
only, consequently obtain it pure or purer than heretofore.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a section of a press intended for
hydraulic power, showing all those parts necessary to the comprehension of

page_text: my Invention; Figure 2 is an view, shewing the upper end of the press;
Figure 3 is a face view of the inner end of the hollow plug.
and
B is a
A is a cylinder constructed to form the head of a hydraulic press;
hollow plug accurately coned and fitted into the cylinder A; C is a minutely
perforated block also accurately coned and fitted into the face of the plug B;
Dare the columns of an ordinary hydraulic press; F is a taper plug inserted
in the conically chambered face of the ram E; upon pressure being applied
this plug is driven into the face end of the ram; this form I prefer, as the
thin edge of the ram is driven into close metallic contact with the sides of the
cylinder A; G is a strainer or filter composed of one or more discs or layers of
metal gauze, perforated metal, textile or porous fabric, or other suitable
straining or filtering material, the layers of which may be all of the same
material or of different materials combined, and placed alternately or other-
wise parallel with the head of the perforated block C; H, H, is a jacket or
casing forming one continuous space or two or more spaces round the cylinder A
into which steam or other heating agent may be admitted to heat the cylinder
should any particular substance require heat.
The mode of operation is as follows, videlicit :-The ram E is drawn back
to the front of the cylinder A, and the seed or substance to be acted upon is
inserted therein. The plug B with the perforated block C and the filter G
thereon, are then placed in the further end of the cylinder A, the projecting lugs
a, a, a, Figure 3, on the plug pass through the spaces b, b, b, Figure 2, in the
end of the cylinder until the conical end of the plug becomes firmly seated in
the conical chamber made for its reception in the cylinder A, when by turning
the plug one-sixth of a turn, the projections a, a, a, on the plug B, which are
cut with inclined surfaces, lock under the lugs c, c, c, Figure 2, on the
cylinder A, which are also cut with inclined surfaces, thereby forcing the
conical end of the plug B into intimate contact with the sides of the cylinder A.
On the application of the power the ram E proceeds towards the plug B,
gradually compressing the seed or other substance contained in the cylinder A
and forcing the oil out therefrom through the strainer or filter, the perforated
block, and the hollow plug, when by means of a connecting pipe it is led into
tanks or receivers, while the concrete and non-fluid matters remain behind in
the cylinder.
In order to remove the concrete residuary matters I simply turn the plug B
back one-sixth of a turn, whereby the projections a, a, a, are unlocked from
the lugs c, c, c, and I draw out the plug together with the perforated block and
strainer or filter. By continuing the power on the ram E, the residuum is
forced out at the further end of the cylinder A.

page_text: Instead of applying the power to a traversing ram in a fixed cylinder, I
sometimes apply it to a traversing cylinder against a fixed ram or piston, in
which case in order to remove the residuum I unlock the plug as before
described, and continue the power on the cylinder until the ram forces the
residuum out of the cylinder. I sometimes use instead of a solid ram as
berein-before described, a hollow piston I, Figure 4, and fit the entering end
thereof with the perforated block K, Figure 4, similar to the perforated block C,
Figure 1, and also with a strainer or filter L, Figure 4, similar to the strainer
or filter G, Figure 1. I make the plug B, Figure 1, solid instead of hollow,
and the block C, Figure 1, also solid instead of perforated, and then the fluid
matters upon expression are forced backwards through the strainer or filter L
and passage e, Figure 4, in the piston I, Figure 4, and out through a con-
necting pipe into tanks or receiving vessels, and I remove the concrete
residuary matters in the same way as stated in regard to Figure 1. Again, I
sometimes use the hollow plug B, Figure 1, and strainer or filter G, Figure 1,
conjointly with a hollow piston I, Figure 4, and filter L, Figure 4, whereby
the fluid matters when expressed escape both through the passage d in the
plug B, Figure 1, and through the passage e, Figure 4 in the piston I,
Figure 4, leaving the concrete and residuary matters behind in the cylinder to
be afterwards withdrawn as herein-before explained.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention, and the manner in which I believe the same can best be carried into
practical effect, I declare that I do not confine myself to the precise details of
construction herein-before described, as the same may be considerably varied
without however departing from the nature and purport of my said Invention ;
but what I claim is, the expression of oil from oil-yielding substances and the
production of oil cake and other residuary matter by means of machinery
consisting of a chamber with ram and plug, each carrying the appliances
herein-before set forth, and all acting substantially in manner and for the
purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Marshall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of April, One thousand eight
JOHN MARSHALL. (L.B.)