Improvements in and relating to Combined Refuse Destructors and Steam Generators.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 1st Jan., 1894-Accepted, 24th Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Combined Refuse Destructors and
Steam Generators.
We, JOHN THOMAS WOOD, Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers and
JOHN ALEXANDER BRODIE, Associate Member of the Institution of Civil
Engineers, both of 3 Cook Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to combined refuse destructors and steam generators and
the objects of the invention are ;-First, to so arrange the destructor cells and
generators that, whilst ensuring a complete combustion and mixture of the gases
in the former, they may be led with as little reduction of temperature as possible to
the heating surfaces of the latter. Second to arrange the flues of a set of destructor
cells and generators so that individual generators or destructor cells may be taken
out of action for repair etc., and so that the cooled gases may be slowed and the
deposited dust removed. Third to provide arrangements for the combustion of
coke in the generators for auxiliary heating or to serve as fume cremators.
Fourth to provide for the cooling in the generator of the clinkers from the
destructor cells. Fifth to provide, in the case of the back to back destructors a
space between the destructors for the purpose of inspection and cleaning and for
the convenience of fitting the steam jet at the back instead of the front of the
destructors, and lastly, to arrange the destructor cells, generators and charging
platform so that the portable storage and charging trucks, described in the
Specification of a Patent No. 19803 dated 16 November 1891 granted to Henry
Percy Boulnois and the said John Alexander Brodie, may be employed to charge
the destructor cells and so that the charging platform may be used to store the
coke used in the generators.
+
We construct the combined refuse destructor and steam generator as follows ;-
The destructor cells may be of any of the usual types and the generators are
preferably of the tubulous type and the arrangement consists essentially in placing
each generator between two destructor cells so that in a set there are twice as many
destructor cells as generators and there are, between each generator two destructor
cells; in the case of back to back destructor cells the two cells between the
generators are in line and we prefer to arrange the generators with the fire
grates at opposite ends alternately so that while the one generator is supplied with
the gases from adjacent cells at the one end, the next generator is supplied from
adjacent cells at the opposite end. It will be seen that the brick work of the cells
serves to form the setting for the generators.
We lead the gases from the hottest portion of the destructor cells through a flue
leading directly to the heating surfaces of the generators or to a common hot
flue as may be desired, and the gases after passing the heating surfaces and
being cooled thereby are led to a common large cold flue where the velocity is
so reduced that any dust in suspension is deposited before passing out of the
chimney.
The arrangement of the common hot flue for the hot gases enables us to take
any generator out of action, the hot gases from its corresponding cells entering
the common hot flue and so being distributed among the remaining generators;
in the same way any individual cell may be taken out of action for repair,
cleaning etc. When the cells are arranged back to back we provide a space
between the charging holes extending down to the floor, this is found of great
value for the inspection of the tubes of the generator and for the removal of the
fine dust deposited below the tubes and is also useful when the mechanism of the

page_text: fire bars of the cells requires to be at the back thereof and for enabling us to fit
the steam jets used in connection with the air supply for the cells, at the back of
the cells instead of the front where they are very objectionable on account of the
hissing noise.
We arrange a travelling conveyer or bars to remove the clinkers from the
furnaces of the cells to the fire grate of the generators where they are cooled
and their heat utilised. We also provide coke fires in the fire grate space of the
generators which can be used either for auxiliary heating or to act as fume
cremators, in which latter case we place the coke fires on hollow furnaces the
interiors of which are in communication with the air supply to maintain the com-
bustion of the coke and round the exterior of which the empyreumatic vapours
from the destructor cells pass, being deflected by deflectors on to the tops of the
coke fires and so brought into close contact therewith.
We place the charging platform laterally above the cells and generators and we
arrange the portable storage and charging trucks before referred to, to traverse
each cell longitudinally so as to pass over the charging hole or holes and under the
charging platform.
We also provide for the storage of the coke over the ends of the generators so
as to be conveniently situated for supplying the fire grates.
Dated this 30th day of March 1893.
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, 26, Castle Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicants.
-
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Combined Refuse Destructors and
Steam Generators.
We, JOHN THOMAS WOOD, Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers and
JOHN ALEXANDER BRODIE, Associate Member of the Institution of Civil
Engineers, both of 3 Cook Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to combined refusé destructors and steam generators and
the objects of the invention are:-First, to so arrange the destructor cells and
generators that, whilst ensuring a complete combustion and mixture of the gases.
in the former, they may be led with as little reduction of temperature as possible
to the heating surfaces of the latter. Second to arrange the flues of a set of
destructor cells and generators so that individual generators or destructor cells
may be taken out of action for repair etc., and so that the cooled gases may be
slowed and the deposited dust removed. Third to provide arrangements for the
combustion of coke in the generators for auxiliary heating or to serve as fume
cremators. Fourth to provide, in the case of the back to back destructors a space
between the destructors for the purpose of inspection and cleaning and for the
convenience of fitting the steam jet at the back instead of the front of the
destructors, and lastly, to arrange the destructor cells, generators and. charging
platform so that the portable storage and charging trucks, described in the
Specification of a Patent No. 19803 dated 16th November 1891 granted to Henry
Percy Boulnois and the said John Alexander Brodie, may be employed to charge the
destructor cells.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate our invention,
Fig. I is a fragmentary plan;

page_text: Fig. III is an analogous section through a steam generator space, on the line B. B.
of Figs. I and IV; and
Fig. IV is a section on the line C. C. of Figs. II and III.
Throughout the drawings, the same parts are indicated by the same reference
figures, and in the case of sections, the direction in which they are viewed is
indicated by the small arrows placed adjacent to the letters denoting the plane of
section.
The arrangement shown in the drawings comprises a set of back to back destructor
cells and tubulous steam generators; the destructor cells and generators may be
of usual type, and the arrangement consists essentially in placing each generator,
as 1 (a), between two destructor cells, as 2 (a) and 2 (6), so that in the set there are
twice as many destructor cells as generators, and there are between each pair of
generators, as 1 (a) and (b), two destructor cells as 2 (b) and 2 (c).
The fire grates of the steam generators are preferably arranged; as shown, with
the fire grates at opposite ends alternately, so that the generator 1 (a), whose fire
grate is to the right is supplied with gases from the adjacent cells 2 (a) and 2 (6)
through the passages 3 at the right hand side, while the generator 1 (6), whose
fire grate is to the left, is supplied from the cell 2 (c) and a second cell beyond the
limits of the drawing through the passages 31 at the left hand side. At each
end of the set, a single destructor cell is placed (instead of a pair back-to-back) so
as to preserve the ratio of cells to generators.
It will be seen that the brick work of the cells serves to form the setting for the
generators.
The arrangement of one of the steam generators 1 (a), whose fire grate lies to
the right, is shown in Figs. III and IV, the arrangement of the other generators
being symmetrically similar.
4 is the generator furnace and 5 are the fire bars thereof, carried by the trough 6
of refractory material, which forms the ash pit; the furnace 4 is provided with the
fire-door 7, and the trough 6 with the ash pit door 8 through which the ordinary
air supply enters. The space 9 below the trough 6 communicates below with tlie
common hot flue 10, through the passage 11 controlled by the damper 12; and it
also communicates above with the furnace 4 through the passages 13 at the sides of
the trough 6.
3 are passages leading directly from the adjacent destructor cells to the heating
surfaces of the generator, and 14 are passages leading to the common hot
flue 10.
1
24 are deflectors of refractory material to prevent as far as possible the entry of
cold air into the passages 3 when the cell doors are open.
If it be desired to pass the hot gases directly from the adjacent cells to the
generator, the dampers 15 and 12 are placed in the positions indicated in full lines ;
the gases then flow through the passages 3, circulate round the heating surfaces of
the generator, are cooled thereby, and then pass through the passage 16 to the
common large cold flue 17, where the velocity is so reduced that any dust
remaining in suspension is deposited before the gases finally pass out of the
chimney.
If it be desired to take the generator out of action, it is only necessary to keep
the damper 12 closed and to turn the dampers 15 into the position shown in dotted
lines. The gases from the adjacent destructor cells, if they be in action, then pass
down the passages 14 to the common hot fiue 10, and are available for heating
some of the remaining generators. If it be desired to heat the generator from
some of the cells other than those adjacent to it, the dampers 15 are turned into
the positions shown in dotted lines, and the damper 12 is opened. The hot gases
then flow from the hot flue 10 into the space 9, up the passages 13 and over the
fire grate 5 into the furnace 4, the deflectors 18 being provided to bring the gases
into intimate contact with the fuel on the fire grate. From the furnace 4, the
gases pass as before to the common cold flue 17 through the passage 16.
It will be seen that the arrangement of the common hot flue and passages enables

page_text: us to take any generator out of action, the hot gases from its corresponding cells
then entering the common hot flue and so being distributed among the remaining
generators; in the same way, any individual cell may be taken out of action for
repair, cleaning etc.
The independent furnaces 4 may be kept in action continuously or as circumstances
dictate; they serve the double purpose of acting as fume cremators, or as sources
of heat independent or auxiliary to the destructor cells.
The arrangement of the alternate generators as 1 (6), with their furnaces,
passages and hot flue, is as already stated, symmetrically similar to that already
described, the corresponding parts, where shown, being indicated by corresponding
reference figures with dashes appended.
19 is a space between the backs of the destructor cells, which we find to be of
great service for the inspection of the tubes of the generators and for the removal
of the fine dust deposited below the tubes, and it is also useful when the mechanism
of the fire bars of the cells requires to be at the back thereof, and for enabling us
to fit the steam jets, used in connection with the air supply of the cells, at the back
instead of the front thereof where they are objectionable on account of the hissing
noise.
We place the charging platform 20 laterally above the cells, and we arrange the
storage and charging trucks 21 and charging holes 22 in accordance with the prior
Specification herein before referred to, so that the refuse can be tipped from the
cart 23 into the trucks and transferred into the destructor cells with a minimum of
labour.
While we have described our invention with respect to a set of double or back-
to-back destructor cells, it is clear that it may with equal facility be adapted to a
set of single cells, in which case only a single common hot flue is required.
We are aware that combined refuse destructor cells and steam generators have
been used prior to our present invention and further that auxiliary furnaces have
been fitted to the steam generators, the said furnaces being adapted to serve also as
fume cremators, and to such broadly we make no claim but ;-
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is ;-
1. The herein described arrangement of combined refuse destructors and steam
generators, in which the heated gases from any individual destructor cell may be
passed at will either directly to the adjacent generator or to a common hot flue
which may be in communication with any or all of the generators-substantially as
set forth.
2. In combination; a group of destructor cells and steam generators, each of
the latter being in communication with adjacent cells; a hot flue communicating
with the cells and generators; a cold flue communicating with the generators;
and dampers to determine the course of the gases; substantially as set forth.
3. The herein described arrangement of combined refuse destructors and steam
generators, in which each generator is placed between two destructor cells, the
generators communicating at alternately opposite ends with common hot flues, or
directly with the adjacent cells; substantially as described and illustrated.
4. The herein described arrangement of combined refuse destructors and steam
generators, in which the cells are placed back to back and the generators interposed
between and parallel to the cells, a space being left between the backs of the cells;
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. In combination; the destructor cells, the interposed generators, a laterally
arranged charging platform and the travelling storage trucks adapted to be charged
therefrom and which traverse under the platform and longitudinally over the
destructor cells; substantially as described and illustrated.
6. In combination with the destructor cells and steam generators, the arrange-
ment of the independent furnaces 4 and the troughs 6 and the passages 13 leading

page_text: from the hot flue 10, whereby the said furnaces in addition to serving as auxiliary
furnaces to the steam generators are also adapted to act as fume cremators;
substantially as described and illustrated.
7. The combination and arrangement of parts forming the improved combined
refuse destructor and steam generator ;-substantially as described and illustrated in
the drawings.
Dated this 30th day of December 1902
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, 26, Castle Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicants.