Apparatus for Ascertaining and Registering the Force or Pressure of Wind, Water, and Steam, the Weight of Goods or Substances, and the Velocity of Car- riages, &c.
Year: 1849

page_text: Apparatus for Ascertaining and Registering the Force
or Pressure of Wind, Water, and Steam, the Weight
of Goods or Substances, and the Velocity of Car-
riages, &c.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
ALLIOTT, of Lenton Works, Nottingham, Bleacher, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventeenth day of
April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in
the twelfth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Alexander Alliott, my exors, admors, and assigns,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the
said Alexander Alliott, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, and such others as
I, the said Alexander Alliott, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING AND
FOR MARKING OR REGISTERING THE FORCE OR PRESSURE OF WIND, OF WATER,
AND OF STEAM, THE WEIGHT OF GOODS OR SUBSTANCES, AND THE VELOCITY OF
CARRIAGES; ALSO AN APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING, UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES,
THE LENGTH OF TIME ELAPSED AFTER CARRIAGES HAVE PASSED ANY GIVEN PLACE,
AND FOR ENABLING THE PLACE OR DIRECTION OF FLOATING BODIES TO BE ASCER-
TAINED;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that I,

page_text: the said Alexander Alliott, should cause a particular description of the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance. with the said proviso, I, the said
Alexander Alliott, hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the present Specification thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:
My improvements in apparatus for ascertaining and registering the force
of wind have relation to apparatus for ascertaining and registering the force
of wind both natural and artificial. And these improvements consist,-
Firstly, in employing an independent column of atmospheric air to transmit
the pressure produced on the exposed part of the apparatus to the registering
part of the same. An apparatus embodying this part of my Invention is
represented in Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed. A is a hollow vessel
affixed to an upright hollow spindle B, which is acted upon by a vane or fan
wheel, so as to keep the mouth of the vessel A directed towards the wind.
C is a flexible. diaphragm of vulcanized, india rubber, shewn in section,
Figure 2, which is jointed air-tight, upon the mouth of the vessel A by means
of a flanged ring D. Diaphragms of vulcanized india rubber have been before
used as parts of apparatus for ascertaining the pressure of fluids, but never, to
the best of my knowledge and belief, of the peculiar form shewn, which
possesses the advantage of having a greater range of motion without any
material stretching of the substance than either flat diaphragms or tubes.
E is a pipe which connects the interior of A with the spindle B; F, a tube
which, is jointed to the spindle B; and G, a second tube, which is fixed to.a
bearing, and has fastened within it the standard and step H, upon which the
spindle B and all the parts connected with it revolve. I is a bearing for sup
porting the spindle B at top. The tube G contains a portion of quicksilver,
for the purpose of making an air-tight joint, and at the same time enabling
the apparatus to revolve freely. The standard H is hollow, and opens at
bottom into a pipe K, which communicates with the registering apparatus,
which is separately represented in Figure 3. L is a short cylinder, the mouth
of which is covered by the diaphragm, Figure 2. M is a hollow plunger,
which rests upon the upper surface of this diaphragm, and has a rack N

page_text: connected to it, which gears into a wheel O. N2 is a spring, which produces
a gradually increasing resistance to the rising of the plunger. P is a wheel;
which is affixed to the same axle as the wheel O, and gives motion to a
second rack Q, which carries a registering pencil R. The paper to be marked
is wound round a drum S, which is put in motion by suitable clock-work.
The force of the wind due to its velocity causes the diaphragm C to compress
the air in the vessel A; and this degree of compression is communicated
through the several connections to the cylinder L,'where it causes the plunger
to rise and move the pencil accordingly. A convenient method of obtaining
the proper scale for ruling the registering paper is to apply an air pump with a
suitable pressure gauge to the cylinder L, and then to note the amount of
travel given to the pencil by different degrees of compression.
It is generally desirable. to connect with apparatus for registering the force
of the wind some means for at the same time indicating and registering its
direction. The apparatus which I employ for this purpose is represented in.
Figures 4 and 5. On the shaft B, described in Figure 1, there is fixed the
arm T, which carries at its extremity a friction pulley T. U is a stationary
frame, into which there are fitted a set of eight plungers u', u', u'. Imme.
diately opposite each of these plungers there is a short cylinder u³,. covered
with an elastic diaphragm of the kind shewn in Figure 2; and each cylinder is.
connected by a very small gutta percha tube us to another similar cylinder.
of smaller dimensions, which is made to act, either directly or by levers, upon
the pencils V, V, V. A light spring v³, Figure 5, keeps these pencils out of
contact with the registering paper W, unless. when acted upon by the com-
pression of the air in the cylinders W, W, which compression is caused by
the arm T forcing the plunger u against the diaphragm. of the cylinder u³..
On an alteration taking place in the direction of the wind the vane E causes.
the arm T to follow the same direction, which, by its action upon any plunger,
brings the connected smaller cylinder and pencil into a registering position.
Figure 5 is a plan of the registering paper as it would appear after having
been in work. The cross lines are supposed to represent the hours, and the
seventeen longitudinal lines sixteen points of the compass. When the arm T
comes over two plungers, then it causes two of the pencils to mark at the same
time, in which case the intermediate line between the two which are marked is
to be read as the true direction of the wind. For example:-The pencil line
marked a shews the direction of the wind to be due north; the first part of
the line marked b, north-west; the remainder of the line b, together with that
portion of the line c which is between the hours 6 and 7, west-north-west, and
the remainder of c due west. When the two outside lines are marked, it shews

page_text: the direction to be north-north-east. The registering part of the preceding
apparatus may be applied to register the pressure of air employed in blast
furnaces and other apparatus where compressed air is made use of.
Secondly, I employ for air-pressure registering purposes an apparatus such
as represented in Figure 6. A is a barometric tube, with enlarged chambers
B and D at its upper and lower ends. A diaphragm C is jointed, as in
Figure 2, to the top of the lower chamber. The tube A is made of such
length, that when filled with any fluid of about equal specific gravity with
water, it shall just balance the atmospheric pressure. The chamber B must
be so placed on the tube that the lowest pressure of the atmosphere will keep
the fluid above the bottom of it. E is a plunger, which rests upon the
diaphragm C, and has a registering pencil attached to it, as in Figure 1. The
If the
pencil is made to bear upon paper moved by suitable clockwork.
chamber D is made ten inches in diameter, then a good proportion for the
chambers B as compared with D will be to adjust them so that when the fluid
rises in B it shall descend about one inch in D, which will nearly correspond
to one inch of rise in the mercurial barometer. The most convenient method
of making the scale for this apparatus will be to mark off the travel of the
pencil by comparison with an ordinary barometer. If mercury is used instead
of water to counterbalance the pressure of the atmosphere, the tube A may, of
course, have its capacity proportionably diminished, while the chamber B must
be made of larger diameter than the chamber D, in order that the greatest
possible range of motion may be given to the diaphragm. An apparatus of the
kind first before described may be also employed to ascertain and regulate the
force or resistance exerted by the wind or air on the front or side of a railway
carriage, in which case the roll of paper may be best put in motion: by
connecting it to one of the carriage wheels instead of the
usual.
.
.
clock work, as
My improvements in apparatus for ascertaining and registering the force or
pressure of water are more especially applicable to such apparatuses used for
ascertaining and registering the force of the waves of the sea, the force of
running streams, and the pressure due to different heights of the tides.
Figure 7 is a sectional elevation of an apparatus embracing my improvements.
It is constructed on the same principle as the wind or air apparatus repre-
sented in Figure 1. A is an air vessel, which is firmly fixed in some position
to receive the impact of the waves or current of the streams.
C is a
diaphragm, as in Figure 2; B, an air pipe for conveying the compressed
air to the registering apparatus, which is the same as that represented in
Figure 3.
When this apparatus is used for ascertaining and registering the

page_text: pressure due to the different heights of tides and varying heights of the water
in rivers or reservoirs, then the diaphragm requires to be protected from the
interference of any other force than that due to the hydraulic pressure. The
registering drum may be set in motion by the rise and fall of the water.
My improvements in apparatus for registering the pressure of steam consist
in the application to that purpose of the registering apparatus, represented
in Figure 3, with some slight additions thereto. The cylinder L is connected
to the steam generator by suitable piping; and if connected to it directly, care
is taken to make such an arrangement as will keep the cylinder L full of cold
water, so that no injury may be done to the diaphragm. When it is required
to ascertain and register the pressure of steam at some considerable distance
from the generator or at some different altitude, I make use of an appa-
ratus, such as is represented in Figure 8, which is placed near to and in
connection with the steam generator. A is the globular vessel, in the centre
of which a diaphragm of the same kind as shewn in Figure 2, as before
described, is fixed air-tight by means of the flanges A¹, A', the left-hand
division of this globular vessel is permanently charged with slightly compressed
air, and from that division a pipe D leads to the registering part of the
apparatus. The other division of the vessel is put in communication by
another pipe (E filled with water) with the steam generator. As the pressure
of the steam increases it presses upon the water which, in its turn, presses up
the diaphragm, and that in its turn acts on the compressed air, and finally
puts the registering apparatus in motion. By thus transmitting the pressure
of the steam through an elastic medium (the compressed air) with which the
steam itself does not come in contact, I avoid all the risk of error arising
from the use of pipes to convey the pressure of the steam of the registering
apparatus, and the frequent condensation of the steam, together with the con-
sequent accumulation of water therein.
My improvements in apparatus for ascertaining and marking or registering
the weight of substances have chiefly for their object to facilitate and secure a
correct registering or marking of the numerical results obtained by the appa-
ratus. Figures 9, 10, and 11 exemplify the nature of these improvements,
Figure 9 being a front elevation, Figure 10 a side elevation, and Figure 11
a part plan; of an apparatus embodying the same. A is a lever to which there
is affixed one end of a chain B, the other end of which is fastened to a
pulley C. The springs D, D (made as those usually employed in weighing
machines), are attached to a part of the chain intermediate between B and C.
F is a worm wheel which is keyed on the same shaft with the pulley C, and
acted upon by an endless screw, F, on the axle of which there is affixed

page_text: a crown wheel F2, the teeth of which gear into the spaces of the numbering
wheel G (indicating. ounces) which is loose upon the axle H. I is a single
tooth or pin which projects from the side of the wheel G; and moves the
wheel K at each whole. revolution one twenty-eighth part of a revolution,
which motion is communicated again by intermediate wheels L, L, to the
numbering wheel L', which indicates pounds. When any article, the weight
of which is to be determined, is placed on the platform, the steelyard
lever is.thereby depressed. If the winch handle N be now turned round until
the end of the lever comes opposite to the pointer O) which is the point to
--which the measuring effect of the springs and other parts of the machine has
been adjusted, then the numbering wheels will indicate the number of pounds
and ounces of the. substance. weighed in one continuous line througli an
aperture P in a cover P', by which all but the numbers to be printed are
covered. As these numbers are cut in. the form of types on the numbering
wheels, or let into them, the results may be printed therefrom by any conve-
nient means. I have shewn this machine for convenience of description, as
applied to weigh pounds and ounces only; but it would obviously be of most
value when employed to ascertain heavier weights. An exemplification of the
operation of the preceding. apparatus will serve to shew more clearly the mode
in which it is to be used. Let it be supposed that a weight of ten pounds
placed on the platform. is sufficient to elongate the spring one inch. In
bringing back the lever to the pointer O, the wheel-work must be so arranged
that the winding up one inch of the chain shall bring the numbering wheel' to
indicate ten pounds. For the purpose of ascertaining the weight by inspection;
either in connection with the registering apparatus just described or without it,
a separate system of wheel-work and a dial plate may be connected with
the pulley C. When the steelyard or lever A is in a situation unfavorable
for perceiving its position in relation to the pointer O (as when underground)
then the pointer is placed at a convenient height, and a small upright rod
attached to the end of the lever is made to indicate the true point of balance.
As the machine above described is not constructed to print the fractions of an
ounce.these must be rejected, and the index hands R being turned' back to the
first mark on the dial R*, in which position the types on both wheels. will be
in a straight line. By a suitable repetition of wheel-work the results may be
printed in duplicate.
Figure 11 represents an improved. weighing apparatus on the steelyard
principle, which, in so far as regards the moving of the weights on the steel-
yard, is an improvement on a mode of doing so, which formed (inter alia) the
subject of Letters Patent granted to. me on the Fourteenth day of March, One

page_text: thousand eight hundred and forty-eight. A is a handle fastened on the
spindle A', by which the weight B is moved to and fro on the steelyard C,
by means of the bevil wheel B', B', the pinion B', the rack. B³, and clip B*:
Bs and. Be are supports for the guide bars B' and B. The turning of
the spindle A! and pinion D communicates motion to the numbering wheel E,
or to dial plates through intermediate gearing F, F. When this apparatus is
used for weighing tons and hundredweights the numbering wheel F must be
divided into forty or more parts (or the tons may be indicated on one wheel
and the hundredweights on another connected with it. The numbers will
run 00 for zero, .01. for one hundredweight, and so on to 10 for
one ton, the rest of the numbering being continued in the same manner. G. is
a face plate, the circumference of which is marked off into twenty equal parts,
corresponding to the numbers of the numbering wheel, and so arranged that
when the pointer G stands opposite one of the marks on the face plate G; the
corresponding number on the numbering wheel E.will be in the right: line for
printing. For the purpose of explaining the operation of these combined
arrangements I will suppose that it is desired to weigh tons,, hundredweights,
pounds, and ounces; the handle A will then be turned until the steelyard
lever has risen above the balance point, when the handle must be turned back
to the next mark on the face plate G; the numbering wheel E will now be in
its proper place for indicating tons and hundredweights; then by turning the
handle of the apparatus described in Figure 9 (and supposed to be connected
with this, so that the numbering wheels H, H, occupy the place shewn) the
numbering wheels for the pounds and ounces will be brought into the same line
and ready for printing. If dial plates are used, the index hands will point' out
the correct weight. The use of this combination is to avoid the great number
of revolutions which would be required in the pounds numbering wheel when:
tons are to be weighed.
My improvements in apparatus for ascertaining and registering the velocity
of carriages are represented in Figure 12 (an elevation chiefly in section, .and.
in Figure 13 (a plan). A is a cylinder mounted upon a spindle. A', and
turning in bearings at A2 and A'. B, B, are two conical vessels which are
securely attached to the cylinder A, by arms B¹, B. D, D, are small pipes
which connect the cones B, B, with the cylinder, and terminate in the lowest
part of the cones, as represented. C is a diaphragm, as in Figure 2, which is
jointed upon the cylinder by means of the flange of the frame E, E. F is a
hollow plunger which rests upon the diaphragm, and is retained in its position
and guided by the friction pulleys E', E. H is a rod with a rack formed
on one side of it, the lower end of which rod is kept in the step N' by

page_text: the helical spring G at top This rod is free to slide up and down through a
square hole or bearing formed in a cross piece I, and by which it is prevented
from turning round. The rack H gears into a pinion K. and gives motion to
the wheel L, which again works the rack Q and registering pencil R (as
shewn in Figure 3). Motion is communicated to the spindle A', and to
a drum similar to S in Figure 3, from the axle of the carriage, by means of
pulleys of sizes calculated to produce the requisite speed. To prepare this
apparatus for work, the cylinder A must be filled with water till the diaphragm
C becomes distended, as shewn. When the machine, as thus prepared, is set
in motion by connection with the axle or wheel of the carriage the water in
the cylinder is driven by the centrifugal force into the conical vessels B, B,
and compresses the air contained therein. As the water sinks in the cylinder
by flowing into the conical vessels the diaphragm C, the plunger F; and the
rod H descend and impart through the wheel-work motion to the pencil R.
It will thus be obvious that the greater the speed of the carriage and conse-
quently the velocity of the machine is, the greater will be the quantity of water
which will leave the cylinder and flow into the conical vessels, and the greater.
also will be the travel given to the pencil. For the purpose of determining the
velocity of the carriage on the different portions of the same line the paper
must be rolled transversely with divisions corresponding to the number of miles
it is desired to register, and the motion given through the wheel-work to the
drum must be calculated accordingly. Thus if the carriage wheel should
make five hundred revolutions in passing over a mile, and each mile is to be
represented by one half inch on the registering paper, then such a system.
of wheel-work must be employed as will cause the periphery of the drum to
move one half inch for every hundred revolutions of the carriage wheel. To
ascertain at first the travel or motion of the pencil due to a certain number of
revolutions of the instrument per minute, it is connected to some system of
wheel-work the speed of which is known, and the point at which the pencil
stands with this velocity is marked. By changing, therefore, the velocities of
the wheel-work any number of points may be so marked, off, and a proper
scale of the working of the apparatus obtained, each division of which will
correspond to a certain number of revolutions per minute of the instrument.
Moreover, by comparing the relative sizes of the carriage wheel, and the.
pulleys by which the instrument is put in motion when fitted to the carriage,
the correct speed at which the carriage is moving can be found; for instance,
if the mark made by the pencil when the instrument was revolving at one
thousand five hundred revolutions per minute should be the point deterinined
to, mark, sixty miles an hour, and if the carriage wheel makes five hundred

page_text: revolutions in one mile, then the instrument must be caused to make three
revolutions for one revolution of the carriage wheel. If the instrument makes
one thousand five hundred revolutions in one minute, then the carriage will
have moved one mile in one minute or at the rate of sixty miles per hour.
A modification of the apparatus just described is repeated in Figure 14.
In this case the registering pencil is put in motion through the medium
of compressed air much the same way as in the apparatus represented in
Figure. 12, and before described. The pipes A, A, form a connection for the
passage of compressed air into the cylindrical vessel B, where it acts t
diaphragm C.
upon the
The apparatus before described for registering the pressure of steam may,
with great advantage, be connected with either of the instruments last herein-
before specified, so that both the registration of the pressure of the steam' and
the registration of the velocity of the carriage may be printed on the same
paper; but in this case it will be proper, in order to prevent confusion, that
the scale for the pressure of the steam should alone be marked on the paper,
and the scale for the velocity should be applied occasionally to the paper as
required, as also that different colored pencils should be used to distinguish
the pressure from the velocity.
:
My improvements in apparatus for ascertaining under certain circumstances
the length of time elapsed after a train of carriages has passed a given place,
are embodied in the apparatus represented in Figure 15, partly in section)!"
In this apparatus, the passing of a carriage wheel is made to press down one
end of a lever A, which projects on the side of the rail B, upon which the
other end of the lever is raised up, and carries with it a vertical rod C, to
some determined height (about four inches will be found in practice. sufficient)
above the bearing C¹. The connection between the lever A and rod C is
formed by a link C³. The rod C is in a position when raised, to act' on a
suitable catch apparatus fixed on the engine or carriage, and working a
whistle or other signal. Many approved methods of working such levers and
signals are well known, and need not therefore be here particularized. To
keep the rod C in a position to act on the signal apparatus some determined
and required length of time, I make use of the following arrangement:-D is
a short cylinder which is firmly fixed in a position under the level of the rails,
where it may be protected from dirt and rain; D' is a metal disc or valve
which is fitted to the bottom of this cylinder, and opens upwards. The valve
facing is covered with vulcanised india rubber, to form an air-tight joint; and
the joint is further secured by a spring D. Figures 15° and 15° are separate
representations of the valve. In the centre of the valve there is pierced a

page_text: small hole D, which is countersunk, and also provided on both sides with
a hemispherical covering of fine wire gauze, to prevent clogging. D is a
diaphragm, as in Figure 2, jointed-air-tight upon the top of the cylinder, to
prevent all direct communication with the atmosphere, and so to keep the
valve and the opening D³ entirely free from dust. E is an expansible air
tube made of vulcanized india rubber, somewhat resembling a circular bellows,
but without its central partition or valves, which tube is jointed at top to the
cylinder D; and has an air-tight bottom F, which projects sufficiently to be
connected by the frame G, G, to the lever A. The working of this apparatus
is as follows:-When a carriage wheel presses down the short end of the lever
that causes the long end and the rod C to rise together with the bottom part
of the air apparatus, which last causes the air in the tube E to rush through
the valve into the cylinder. D, as the proportion of size of thehole Ds is to
the weight of the frame and under part of the tube, so will be the length of
time occupied in drawing back the air out of the cylinder into the lower part
of the apparatus, and in causing the frame and rod C. to descend, as repre
sented in Figure 15°. The determinate length of time allowed to the rod C
to project above its bearing will, by its action upon the: signal apparatus,, give
notice that a previous train has passed within a given time...
My improvements-in-apparatus for enabling the place or direction of floating
bodies to be ascertained, consist in the employment for that purpose of the
mariner's compass, in combination with chemically prepared paper moved by
suitable clock work. Figure 16- is a plan, and Figure 17 an elevation of an
apparatus by which (the said improvements being embodied therein) the direction
in which, a vessel is sailing may at every moment be registered. A is the re-
gistering paper which is wound round a roller. A', which moves, freely in
bearings, but is held. from slipping by a spring A2. The paper is carried
below the compass card: (but kept as close to it as possible), and passes over a
table. B to rollers B, B, which are driven by clock work, and give a constant
uniform motion to the paper, and cause it to move in a line parallel with the
sides of the vessel.. Figure 17 is a plan of the registering paper as it would
appear after having been some time in work; it shews eight divisions of the
compass, but more may be used if desired. The centre 'line. S. is used to
designate north and south ;;T, west; U, east; V, north-west and south-west; W;
north-east and south-east. The compass card has two small holes a; b, of dif-
ferent sizes, pierced through it, and the paper being prepared by some suitable
photographic process,, is marked by the light passing through the two holes in
the compass card, the smaller. hole being placed on the west side of the larger
hole. The thin line will be marked on the west side of the thicker line from

page_text: one.
north-west to north-east, and on the east side from south-west to south-east.
Thus the line. V will read north-west when the thin. line is on the west af. the
thicker one, and south-west when the thin line is on the east. of the thicker
A separate scale divided into parts of equal length, corresponding to the
rate of motion given to the paper, must be employed to measure the length. of
time the vessel sails in any particular course; for instance, if the paper. moves.
at the rate of one inch in an hour, an inchi scale. must. be employed. These
divisions are marked on a separate scale, and not on the registering paper,
because, the needle being stationary, and the turning of the vessel causing the
mark suddenly to advance or recede (as shewn by the dotted lines), it follows:
that only the straight part of the lines must be measured to determine the
duration of time the vessel has sailed in any particular course.. During the
night some artificial light must be used.
And having now described the nature of my said: Invention, and the. severali
parts thereof, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare: that
the improvements which I claim as constituting my said Invention, are as
follows:
First, I claim, in respect of apparatus for ascertaining and registering the
force of wind (natural or artificial), the employment of an independent columni
or body of air to transmit or communicate the amount of the said force to the
registering part of the apparatus in the manner and by the means: firstly,
before described.
Second, I claim the employment for the said purpose; and for all the other
purposes of my Invention, of a flexible diaphragm of vulcanized india rubber:
of the peculiar form shewn in Figure 2, and before described..
Third, I claim the employment for the said first part of. my: Invention, and
for all the other purposes thereof, of the registering apparatus represented in
Figure 3, and before described.
Fourth, I claim the air-pressure registering apparatus represented. in
Figure 6, and before described, in so far as: regards the combination therein:
in manner shewn, of the flexible diaphragm C, the two vessels. Band. D;. of
which one is larger than the other; and the registering apparatus (Figure 3):
Fifth, I claim the application of the apparatus first herein-before described
and claimed, to ascertaining and registering the force or pressure of water as
modified and adapted to that purpose, in the manner shewn in Figures.7 and 8,
and before described. .
Sixth, I claim the adaptation of the registering apparatus. represented in
Figure 3; to registering the pressure of steam, as before described.
Seventh, I claim the employment of the apparatus represented in Figure 8,

page_text: for the purpose of ascertaining or ascertaining and registering, at a distance
or different altitude from the steam generator, the pressure of the steam.
Eighth, I claim, in respect of apparatus for ascertaining and registering the
weight of goods or substances, the improved arrangements. embodied in the
machinery represented in the Drawings, Figures 9, 10, 11, and before
described; that is to say, in so far as regards the employment of wheel-work
carrying numbering plates and index hands, which are moved in proportion
to the elongation of the spring (D, D), which elongation is determined by.
the weight on the platform, and which wheel-work is so disconnected from the
spring that the power required to move the wheel-work shall produce no effect
on the spring.
Ninth, I claim the method of moving by machinery the weight on the
steelyard of steelyard weighing machines, when used in connection with dial
hands and numbering wheels, as represented in Figure 11", and before described.
Tenth, I claim the combination of the improvement last herein-before
claimed, with a spring apparatus as before explained.
Eleventh, I claim the method of moving by hand the weight on the steel-
yard of 'steelyard weighing machines, when used in combination with the spring
apparatus (Figure 9).
Twelfth, I claim the employment in weighing machines of a system of
numbering wheels for printing or registering the weights as before exemplified
and described.
Thirteenth, I claim in respect of apparatus for ascertaining and registering
the velocity of carriages, the employment for that purpose of fluids, in the
manner exemplified in Figures 12, 18, and 14, and before described; and
also the registering, simultaneously by means of one apparatus, both the
velocity of steam carriages and the pressure of the steam, as before described.
Fourteenth, I claim, in respect of apparatus for ascertaining the length of
time elapsed after a train of carriages has passed a given place, the employ-
ment of the air apparatus represented in Figure 15, and before described.
And Fifteenth, I claim, in respect of apparatus for ascertaining the place or
direction of floating bodies, the combination of the mariner's compass with
chemically prepared paper moved by suitable clockwork, in the manner shewn
in Figures 16 and 17, and before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Alliott, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
ALEXANDER (L.s.) ALLIOTT.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventeenth day of October,
in the year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid Alexander Alliott came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Seventeenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.