Improvements in and appertaining to Cutters for Forming Key- ways in Wheels or Hubs, or for like operations.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Aug., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 21st May, 1891-Accepted, 27th June, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and appertaining to Cutters for Forming Key-
ways in Wheels or Hubs, or for like operations.
We, WILLIAM SMITH, DAVID MARKS and ROBERT WATSON, all of Britannia
Iron Works, Keighley in the County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows, that is to say :-
It relates to improvements in and appertaining to cutters for forming key-ways in
wheels or hubs or for like operations and consists of constructing these cutters
and parts or bearances to carry or support same, in such a manner that they may be
very readily used in connection with any machine having a moving head or
projection operating upon a stationary or fixed bed or framework, or vice versa,
(such as a screw cutting lathe having its moveable cutter carrier and its stationary
bed or a common machine plane having its stationary head and moveable table) so
that this process of forming or cutting key ways etc., is greatly facilitated and
without the expense and inconvenience of having a separate machine for this
purpose.
This
This is attained by forming a serrated cutter blade of the width that it is
desired to form the key-way or groove and of a depth proportionate to suit this
width, and making said blade to fit within a groove formed in a shaft or carrier of
the diameter of, or shape and size in cross section to fit, the hole or opening in the
wheel or hub in connection with which the key-way or groove has to be cut.
blade is held within the groove by its outer end being made somewhat of dove-tail
shape to project beneath the undercut end of the groove in which position it is
held by a screw passing through its other end and into the shaft or carrier as will
be well understood.
The fixing of the blade within the groove of its carrier is so arranged, as by
said blade or its groove being made to taper or by said blade being packed up
from the bottom of its groove, that the cutting or serrated edge projects further
from the centre of its said carrier at one end thereof than at the other so that
when one end of said carrier is inserted into the opening of the wheel or hub, as
same is being forced therethrough, each tooth of the cutter is made to cut its
proportionate share while when it has thus been finally pushed through, the key-
way or groove will be of the depth required.
Provided that it is desired to cut key-way in connection with a wheel or hub
having a hole which is larger in diameter than is the cutter's carrier, a bush made
to fill and fit within the said opening, and having a hole of suitable diameter, to
receive the said cutter's carrier, made eccentrically therein; might be employed by
which means the carrier is raised so that its cutter is pressed against the part of
the wheel or hub to be cut.
Again by the cutter being formed of a suitable shape in cross section the groove
which it cuts may be of a suitable shape to form one angle of a square, so that by
said cutter and its carrier being passed four times, and at four different positions
(which may be regulated by the carrier having a square end fitting within a square
opening formed in the moveable head which operates it) through said opening, the
originally round or circular hole will be made perfectly square.
As hereinbefore stated any machine, as a lathe or planing machine, may be
utilized for operating or forcing the cutter and its carrier through the opening in
the article to be cut, by attaching or fixing a support or bearance to hold the
article while being cut and allow the cutter and its carrier to have freedom for

page_text: ' action, and by attaching suitable bearances or forming a suitable hole or receptacle
on the motor part of said machine to loosely attach or mount said cutter so that
after same has finished each cutting stroke it is free to be taken by the operative
and again placed within its motor without same having to return through the hole
it has cut.
Dated this 20th day of August 1890
SAMUEL HEY,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and appertaining to Cutters for Forming Key-
ways in Wheels or Hubs, or for like operations.
We WILLIAM SMITH, DAVID MARKS and ROBERT WATSON all of Britannia
Iron Works, Keighley in the County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:--
It relates to improvements in and appertaining to cutters for forming key-ways
in wheels or hubs or for like operations, and consists of constructing these cutters
and parts or bearances to carry or support same in such a manner that they may be
very readily used in connection with any machine, having a moving head or
projection operating upon a stationary or fixed bed or framework or vice versa
(such as a screw cutting lathe having its moveable cutter carrier and its stationary
bed or a common machine plane having its stationary head and moveable table)
so that this process of forming or cutting key-ways etc., is greatly facilitated and
without the expense and inconvenience of having a separate machine for this
purpose, unless it is desired by those making use of the cutter that a special
machine be employed in which case a cheaper construction of machine may be
made use of than are those at present in use.
In order that our said invention may be more readily understood we have
hereunto appended sheets of drawings illustrative thereof to which, by figures and
letters reference is made in the following description.
Figs. 1 and 2 are side and top views respectively of our improved cutter or tool.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of a portion of the tool, the actual cutter being
shewn intact. Fig. 4 is an end view of parts shewn by Fig. 1. Figs. 5, 6 and 7
are drawings in detail of parts hereinafter described. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of
a portion of a metal-planing-machine shewing the method of using same for
operating our cutter or tool, and Fig. 9 is a side elevation of a machine made
specially for the purpose of operating the cutter.
The object of our invention is attained by forming a serrated cutter blade a of
the width that it is desired to make the key-way or groove in the hub to be
operated upon, said blade a having a depth proportionate to its width as is shewn
by Fig. 3. This blade a is made to fit within a groove formed in a shaft or carrier b
which is of the diameter or otherwise is of the shape and size in cross section of
the hole or opening in the hub as the hub e shewn by Fig. 8 in connection with which
the key-way or groove has to be cut or formed, into and through which opening
said carrier is made to fit and pass. To hold the blade a within its said groove in
the carrier bits outer ends are somewhat bevelled so that while one of them
passes beneath or enters the undercut part of the carrier b, the other is held by
the piece being tightly screwed or drawn down upon it by the screw e, said
piece being formed to suit said outer end of the blade a as also to allow a slight
amount of yield or adjustment by which means said blade a will be more securely
held within its carrier b.

page_text: C
The depth of the groove in the carrier b for the reception of the blade a is
greater towards one end thereof than towards the other, or in other words, it is so
formed that when the blade a is inserted therein, the outer edges of its cutting
teeth or serrations near or approaching the end y are nearer the axial centre
(shewn by dotted line y) than are those approaching the end a (the difference in
the extent of said distances from said axial centre being equal to the depth of the
key-way to be cut) so that when the end, as that approaching y, is inserted into
the opening in the hub (c) to be operated upon, as the cutter a together with its
carrier bare being forced therethrough, cach tooth a' is made to cut its pro-
portionate share while when it has been finally pushed through the key-way or
groove will be formed of the depth required.
Provided that it is desired to cut a key-way in the hub of a wheel having a
central hole or opening larger in diameter than is the cutter's carrier b, we employ
a bush which is sufficiently large in diameter to fill the said opening in the hub,
and eccentrically in and through this bushf we form an opening of the size and
shape to receive the cutter's carrier b, the said opening in the bush f being
made so much out of the centre thereof as will leave a groove or slot therein
sufficiently wide for the blade a to pass therethrough, while on the outer end
thereof the flange g is formed to hold same within the opening in the hub (shewn
in broken lines Figs. 5 and 6) during the process of cutting the key-way.
When a tapering key-way is to be formed a bush f¹ (see Fig. 7) is employed.
This bush has its eccentrically formed opening made at an angle to its axial
centre as is indicated by the broken lines st (representing the axial centre of the
opening) and vw (representing the axial centre of the bush f¹).
We have described our invention and shewn it in connection with a common
metal-planing-machine having a moveable table and fixed or stationary head k,
this said machine being readily fitted to operate our improved cutter, since by
fixing the angle bracket to the table in such a manner as to enable it to with-
staud any forces acting thereon as will be understood, the object desired is attained,
however as we have hereinbefore stated any similarly operating machine may be
used in place of this said planing machine without departing from the nature of
our invention, or a specially constructed machine such as that shewn by Fig. 9 may
be employed for operating our improved cutter, this said machine being arranged,
by the rotary nut or screwed bush 1 operated by the pulley 2 through the gearing
wheels 3 and 4 (the latter of which is rigidly fixed on said screwed bush 1) to
force, with the screw 5, the sliding piece 6 mounted upon the bed-piece 7, while
the bracket 8 mounted on said bed-piece 7 acts as does the bracket above
described.
By the cutter being formed of a suitable shape in cross section as is shewn by
Fig. 10, the groove which it cuts may be of a suitable shape to form one angle of
a square so that by said cutter and its carrier being passed four times and at four
different positions (which may be regulated by the carrier having a square end
fitting within a square opening formed in the moveable head which operates it)
through said opening the originally round or circular hole will be made perfectly
square.
Instead of the cutter a and its carrier b being made in separate parts as above
described they may be formed in one piece of metal as will be readily understood
however we preferably follow the method of construction herein described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that
what we claim is:
1. A key-way cutter formed so that it may be operated by its operating
mechanism without being actually attached to such mechanism other than by the
friction caused by the force that is exerted lengthwise through same during its said
cutting operation, said key-way cutter being perfectly free of and from its said

page_text: operating mechanism whenever said mechanism commences its return movement
for the purpose described, substantially as herein specified.
'Dated this 20th day of May 1891.
WILLIAM SMITH.
DAVID MARKS.
ROBERT WATSON.
Per Samuel Hey,
Agent.