IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER-MAKING MACHINERY, TO ADAPT THE SAME FOR MAKING HETEROGENEOUS PAPER AND CONTINUOUS HETEROGENEOUS AND HOMOGENEOUS MILLBOARD OR PULPBOARD
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Masson, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid
Lothian, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PAPER-MAKING MACHINERY, TO ADAPT THE SAME FOR MAKING HETEROGENEOUS
PAPER AND CONTINUOUS HETEROGENEOUS AND HOMOGENEOUS MILLBOARD OR
PULPBOARD"
Sealed the 22nd September 1877, and dated the 3rd April 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Masson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1877.
ANDREW MASSON, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER-MAKING MACHINERY, TO ADAPT THE SAME
FOR MAKING HETEROGENEOUS PAPER AND CONTINUOUS HETEROGENEOUS AND
HOMOGENEOUS MILLBOARD OR PULPBOARD."
This Invention has for its objects to adapt paper-making machinery for making
heterogeneous paper, or paper compounded from two simultaneously supplied streams
of pulp which may be of different qualities or colors, and also for making con-
tinuously a thick pulpboard or millboard which may be advantageously substituted
for millboards, pasteboards, or cardboards, as heretofore made, and which may be
heterogeneous, and made from two streams of pulp of different qualities or colors,
or homogeneous, and made from two streams or from one stream of pulp.
93
The Invention consists in a particular mode of combining two "wires" (or
endless wire cloths) in one machine, and in providing and arranging details in
connection therewith so as to secure satisfactory and advantageous practical results
under the "two wire system, a system which has been proposed or tried before,
but not successfully, nor for all the purposes contemplated in the present Invention.
In carrying out the Invention one of the two wires is arranged partly over the
other. The under wire is arranged as in ordinary single wire machines, excepting
that it is of greater length and has in connection with it certain additional parts.
The upper wire is arranged so as through a part of its lower course to pass nearly
in contact with the upper surface of the under wire, and as the wires where nearly
in contact move together, the upper wire moves through its upper course in the

page_text: opposite direction to the upper surface of the under wire; the upper wire is carried
by guide and stretching rollers on an upper framing, and at one end passes round
a breast roller and thence over a series of small brass rollers, just like the uncovered
part of the under wire; and there is also provided in connection with the upper
surface of the upper wire a deckle and straps, as used with the under wire. Onc
stream of pulp is supplied to the under wire in the ordinary way, and a second
stream is similarly supplied at the breast or entering ond of the upper wire; at
the other end of the upper surface of the upper wire the pulp passes under a roller,
which by a moderate pressure imparts as much consistency to it as is necessary at
this stage, and to enable it to follow the wire downwards until it is inverted upon
and combined with the stream of pulp on the under wire. A vacuum box is
applied in the usual way at the end of the deckle of the under wire, and a vacuum
box may be similarly applied to the upper wire before it turns downwards. The
combined pulp stream passes between the two wires under a roller, which is
adjustable so as to regulate the distance between the two wires at the point of
combination, and the two wires and pulp then pass over at least three vacuum
boxes and between as many pairs of squeezing rollers, a pair following each vacuum
box and thereafter proceed to the couch rollers, the under wire passing round the
lower couch roller in the ordinary way, and the upper wire passing partly round
the upper couch roller and thence by suitable guide rollers to the upper breast
roller. The vacuum boxes communicate with the exhausting apparatus by separato
branch pipes fitted each with a valve by which the action in each box can be
separately regulated, and the pairs of squeezing rollers between which the wires
and pulp pass are also separately loaded.
When the two streams of pulp are of different qualities or colors the two sides
of the finished paper or board will present corresponding differences. The thick-
nesses of the pulp streams may be varied so as to yield either paper of moderate
thickness, or board of considerable substance, or any intermediate material.
When board of homogeneous quality is desired it may be formed in the improved
machinery, herein-before described, either by employing two streams of pulp of the
same quality or by running a stream of pulp on the under wire only; and if the
machine is required for making such kind of board only the upper wire may be
reduced in length and the upper deckle and pulp supplying details may be
dispensed with.
A web made by combining two streams of pulp, as herein-before described, may
have a third stream or web combined with it in a similar way, such third stream
being treated by a third wire or in other known way; in this way board may be
produced having both surfaces fine and the middle coarse or inferior. It is
important in carrying out this medification to have the most part of the water
removed from the double web before the third stream or web is combined with it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Andrew Masson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st October
1877.
ANDREW MASSON, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER-MAKING MACHINERY, TO ADAPT THE SAME 4
FOR MAKING HETEROGENEOUS PAPER AND CONTINUOUS HETEROGENEOUS AND HOMO-
GENEOUS MILLBOARD OR PULPBOARD."
My said Invention has for its objects to adapt paper-making machinery for
making heterogeneous paper, or paper compounded from two or more simultaneously
supplied streams of pulp which may be of different qualities or colors, and also for
making continuously a thick pulpboard or millboard, which may be advantageously
substituted for millboards, pasteboards, or cardboards as heretofore made, and which

page_text: may be heterogeneous, and made from two or more streams of pulp of different
qualities or colors, or homogeneous, and made either from two or more streams or
from one stream of pulp.
"
My Invention consists in a particular mode of combining two "wires (or
endless wire cloths) in one machine, and in providing and arranging details in
connection therewith, so as to secure satisfactory and advantageous practical results
under the "two wire" system, a system which has been proposed or tried before,
but. not successfully, nor for all the purposes contemplated in the present Invention.
In carrying out my Invention, according to one modification, one of the two
wires is arranged partly over the other, and so as through a part of its lower course
to pass nearly in contact with the upper surface of the under wire. One stream
of pulp is supplied to the under wire in the ordinary way, and a second stream is
similarly supplied at the breast or entering end of the upper wire. The two pulp
streams are combined and passed together between the parts of the two wires which
are nearly in contact, being subjected whilst so passing to the action of several pairs
of compressing rollers alternating with vacuum boxes.
When the two streams of pulp are of different qualities or colors the two sides
of the finished paper or board will present corresponding differences. The thick-
nesses of the pulp stroams may be varied, so as to yield either paper of moderate
thickness, or board of considerable substance, or any intermediate material.
When board of homogeneous quality is desired it may be formed in my improved
machinery either by employing two streams of pulp of the same quality, or by
running a stream of pulp on the under wire only, and if the machine is required
for making such kind of board only the upper wire may be reduced in length and
the upper deckle and pulp supplying details may be dispensed with.
A web made by combining two streams of pulp, as .herein-before described, may
have a third stream or web combined with it in a similar way, such third stream
being treated by a third wire or in other known way; in this way boards may be
produced, having both surfaces fine and the middle coarse or inferior. It is
important in carrying out this modification to have the most part of the water
removed from the double web before the third stream or web is combined with it.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood, I hereunto append a Sheet of explanatory Drawings
to be herein-after referred to, and representing two modifications of my improved
machinery; in these Drawings the same reference numerals are used to mark the
same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
Figure 1 on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings is a side elevation of a modifi-
cation of my improved machinery, in which two "wires" or endless wire cloths
are used. Various well-known minor details of the machinery are not shown in
the Drawings, which are to be understood to be constructed or fitted as in existing
paper-making machinery. The under wire 3 is arranged as in ordinary single wire
inachines, excepting that it is of greater¦length and has in connection with it certnin
additional parts. The upper wire 4 is arranged so as through a part of its lower
course, from 5 to 6, to pass nearly in contact with the upper surface of the under
wire 3, and as the wires 3, 4, where nearly in contact move together, the upper
wire 4 moves through its upper course in the opposite direction to the upper surface
of the under wire 3. The upper wire 4 is carried by guide and stretching
rollers 7, 8, on an upper framing 9, and at one end passes round a breast roller 10,
and thence over a series of small brass rollers just like the uncovered part of the
under wire 3; and there is also provided in connection with the upper surface of
the upper wire 4 a deckle and straps 12, as used with the under wire 3. One
stream of pulp is supplied to the under wire 3 in the ordinary way from a
strainer 13 and mixing box 14, and a second stream is similarly supplied at the
breast roller 10 of the upper wire 4; on leaving the deckle 12 the upper wire +
carries the pulp over vacuum boxes 15, and between pairs of squeezing rollers 16,
subsequently to passing over the respective vacuum boxes. The wire 4 and pulp
proceed over guide rollers 7 and between a pair of couch rollers 17, and thence

page_text: .
downwards to a guide roller 5, in passing round which they become inverted over
the lower wire 3 and its pulp. Before reaching the position of the roller 5 the
lower wire 3 carries its pulp over a vacuum box 18, and the two wires 3, 4, with
the now combined stream of pulp between them proceed together over at least
three vacuum boxes 19, the roller 5 being accurately adjusted to regulate the 5
distance between the two wires at the point of combination; after passing over
each vacuum box 19 the combined wires 3, and pulp pass between a pair of
squeezing rollers 20, and thereafter proceed to the couch rollers 6, the under wire 3
passing round the lower couch roller in the ordinary way, and the upper wire 4
passing partly round the upper couch roller and thence by suitable guide rollers 7, 8, 1
to the upper breast roller 10. The several vacuum boxes 15, 18, 19, communicate
with air pumps or exhausting apparatus which may be of the usual kind but with
adequately increased power. The several lower vacuum boxes 18, 19, are connected
by separate branch pipes 21 to a longitudinal pipe 22 which is connected to the
exhausting apparatus. Each branch pipe 21 is fitted with a separate stop valve 23 1
by which the action in each vacuum box can be regulated with the greatest nicety,
the proper consolidation of the comparatively thick combined stream of pulp, when
the object is to make millboard, being secured by suitably graduating the alternate
exhausting and squeezing actions. The upper vacuum boxes 15 are similarly
connected with the exhausting apparatus by branch pipes 24, having separate
regulating stop valves; the various pairs of squeezing rollers 20, 10, are of course
separately loaded.
As the two wires 3, 4, separate from between the couch rollers G the combined
and consolidated stream of pulp or web passes onwards on the usual endless felt 25,
which carries it between the first press rollers 26. The web is next by a second
endless felt carried through the second press rollers 27, and then passes onwards
to the usual series of drying cylinders which are made to act adequately on the
web in proportion to its thickness by being increased in number or by other well
understood means.
Figure 2 of the accompanying Drawings is a side elevation of a modification of
my improved machinery, in which the third wire 35 is combined with the second
wire 4 in much the same way as that in which the second wire 4 is combined with
the first wire 3, the corresponding parts being indicated by the saine referenco
numerals accented.
By suitably adjusting the various parts of my improved machinery with either
two or three wires, a great variety of papers, millboards, or pulpboards can be
produced, differing in thickness and in being homogeneous or heterogeneous. In
the two wire machine either two streams of pulp of the same or different qualities
or colors may be combined, or a single stream of homogeneous pulp may be operated
upon so as to yield the final product or web of any desired thickness up to the
maximum which the machine is capable of producing, and which may be about
one-eighth of an inch in ordinary cases, but which will of course vary with the
proportions and power of each machine.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise
details herein described or delineated, but that what I believe to be novel and
original and claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
1. The improved combinations of paper-making machinery horein described and
delineated, the parts being arranged relatively to each other substantially as and
for the purposes herein-before set forth.
2. The combining of the two wires for making heterogeneous paper and con-
tinuous heterogeneous and homogeneous millboard or pulpboard from two streams
of pulp, the combined stream of pulp being passed over at least three separate and
separately regulated vacuum boxes, and between as many pairs of squeezing rollers,
substantially as herein-before described.
3. The combining of the two wires for making continuous millboard from a

page_text: single stream of pulp, which when between the two wires passes over at least three
separate and separately regulated vacuum boxes, and between as many pairs of
squeezing rollers, substantially as herein-before described.
4. The combining of the three wires, substantially in the improved manner and
for the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Masson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
ANDREW MASSON. (LS.)