IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF GLASS BOTTLES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hiram Codd, of Grove Lane, Camberwell, in the
County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF GLASS BOTTLES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.'
"

page_text: According to my Invention I form the ring or head upon the top
of the neck before removing the bottle from the mould in which it has
been blown. For this purpose I carry the mould upon a table capable
of being quickly revolved; after the mould has been closed upon a
bubble of glass and the bubble has been expanded into it by blowing
in the ordinary manner the table carrying the mould is caused to revolve
in order to prevent the bottle from collapsing, the portion of the bubble
outside the neck is cut off in the ordinary manner, and a mould of the
shape of the exterior of the head is brought over the top of the mould
into which the bubble has been blown; a plug for shaping the interior
of the head is also inserted into the neck, and a workman gathers in
glass into the space between the plug and the mould for shaping the
head until such space is filled, afterwards when the head has been
properly formed the revolving of the mould is arrested, the mould is
opened and the finished bottle quickly removed from it; instruments
for shaping any part of the interior of the bottle might also be
introduced into the bottle through the neck before shaping or moulding
the head.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Hiram Codd in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HIRAM
CODD, of Grove Lane, Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Hiram Codd, Her special license that I,
the said Hiram Codd, my executors, administrators and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Hiram Codd, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of

page_text: Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS
BOTTLES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,” upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Hiram Codd, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calender months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hiram Codd, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
-
Heretofore in the manufacture of glass bottles when each bottle has
been formed by blowing out a bubble of glass into a mould of the shape
of the bottle to be produced such bottle after it has been removed from
the mould has required to have the ring or head subsequently formed
upon the top of the neck.
According to my Invention I form the ring or head upon the top of
the neck before removing the bottle from the mould in which it has
been blown. For this purpose I mount the mould in such manner
that it is capable of being revolved, and after the mould has been closed
upon a bubble of glass and the bubble has been expanded into it by
blowing in the ordinary manner the bubble outside the neck is burst
or broken off and a mould suitable for shaping the exterior and interior
of the head is then brought over the top of the mould in which the
bubble has been expanded; this mould is then revolved in order to
prevent the bottle from collapsing and to enable glass to be gathered
into the mould in which the head is to be shaped. When the head has
been properly formed the revolving of the mould is arrested and the
mould is opened and the finished bottle quickly removed from it.
Figure 1 shews a side view and Figure 2 a front view of apparatus
for constructing bottles in the manner above described; Figures 3 and 4
are plan views of parts of the same.
a is the mould into which the bottle is blown, it is made in two
parts hinged together at a¹, one half of the mould is secured to a table b
mounted on a vertical axis c, with which the axis of the mould is

page_text: made to coincide; the vertical axis c is driven by bevil friction gear d, but
can be prevented from revolving by a catch e; the mould for shaping
the head is in two parts and g, each capable of sliding along an
arm, which stands out from a boss capable of moving up or down
and around a fixed axis k; to this boss is also jointed an arm / which
carries two inclined projections m, m, which pass between pins on the
two parts fand g, so that by raising or lowering the arm / the parts
fand g, can be moved towards or from one another.
The operation of forming a bottle is as follows :- A bubble is first
blown at the end of a blow pipe and roughly moulded to the desired
form and it is then enclosed in the mould a, whilst the mould is held
from revolving by the catch e, as shewn at Figure 1; the two parts of
the mould a are then held together at the top by two pieces m, m, which
embrace the upper parts of the mould a, and also form the mould for
the upper part of the neck of the bottle, the mould is also kept closed
by a spring stop o being turned upwards to support its movable
portion, as shewn, the stop itself being held in this position by a spring
acting upon a flat surface at its lower end. When the bubble has been
blown out so as to expand it into the mould the end of the blow pipe
is slightly raised away from the mould, by which the small amount
of glass between itself and the mould is attenuated and is blown out
into a thin bubble until it bursts or is broken, as shewn at Figure 5,
the two parts m, m, are then turned aside, as shewn at Figure 4, and
the mould for shaping the head is brought over and down on to the
top of the mould a by the handle being pressed down, at the same
time the catch e is released and the mould containing the bottle is
allowed to revolve%; the workman then takes a rod with a small
quantity of glass or "metal" upon its end and touches with it the
top of the revolving bottle, the metal is then by the revolution of the
bottle drawn away from the rod and gathered into the mould for
shaping the head until the head has been completely formed, the
gathering in of the metal is then stopped and after allowing the bottle
to revolve for a short time its movement is arrested, the lever handle/
is lifted and the mould by which the head has been shaped is thus
opened and raised up so as to be clear of the bottle, it can then be
turned aside to be out of the way and is held in its raised position by
a cord and counterbalance weight, as shewn, one side of the mould is
then turned down into a horizontal position carrying the bottle with it,

page_text: and the bottle is at once lifted out therefrom by a wire and is carried
away thereon to be annealed. The mould is then ready for another
bottle to be blown in it, and the same operation is repeated.
In place of the mould being mounted upon a vertical spindle, as in
the apparatus just described, it may be mounted upon a horizontal
spindle, as shewn at Figures 6 and 7. In this case the whole of the
mould a is made capable of being turned upwards upon a joint a¹, so
that the mould may be retained in a vertical position when a bottle is
being blown in it; the two parts of the mould being at this time held
together by two picces such as m, m, but which are not shewn in this
Drawing.
When a bottle has been blown into the mould and a bubble blown
upon it and burst, as before described, the pieces m, m, are turned aside,
and the whole of the mould is turned downwards in a horizontal
position and at once caused to revolve by shifting the band p from the
loose to the fast pulley on the spindle c, the tool for forming the head,
which is not shewn in the Drawing but which is carried by the slide x,
is then moved up to the mould a and the head is formed in the manner
before described.
The mould for shaping the head, which I have shewn at Figures.
1 and 2, is constructed in such manner as to form a groove around the
interior of each head, as well as to shape the exterior of the head; but
when making ordinary bottles without any groove around the head the
mould for shaping the head may be formed in a similar manner to the
tongs ordinarily used for shaping the head of a bottle.
By the apparatus herein-before described not only is the making of
bottles greatly facilitated, but all the bottles will be made of one uniform
size. The making glass bottles with heads of large dimensions, such
as pickle jars and the like, or the forming of the heads of glass bottles
of large sizes such as those used for containing acids is also greatly
facilitated.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim,―
1. The manufacture of glass bottles, substantially as herein described,
the head being formed upon the bottle before withdrawing it from the
mould in which it has been blown.

page_text: 2. Mounting upon spindles the moulds in which glass bottles are
blown, so that the moulds and bottles may be revolved during the
time the head is being formed.
3. The combined arrangements of apparatus, substantially as herein
described for manufacturing glass bottles.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hiram Codd, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
E