matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CAUSTIC HOLDERS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE HOLDING OF LEADS, CHALKS, AND OTHER MARKING MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Sexton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th October 1856.
I, JOSEPH SEXTON, of Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CAUSTIC HOLDERS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE HOLDING
OF LEADS, CHALKS, AND OTHER MARKING MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in telescopic holders, in
which "caustic" as well as writing and drawing materials is capable of being
protruded by means of a propeller in the rear thereof. The holder is formed
of two parts, the one to receive the caustic or marking material, and the other
carrying the propeller. These two parts I sometimes make tubular, the
propeller part to fit on to the rear end of the other (which may be slit to give
it a spring), and by sliding over it to force the propeller against the caustic or
other substance contained therein and push it forward. In this instance tho
propeller stands up from the bottom of a tubular recess, but the propeller por-
tion of the holder may take the form of a sold plunger, and work in the barrel
which carries the caustic; the propeller rod in that case projects from the
extreme end of the plunger. The action, it will be understood, is precisely
the same in both arrangements, the pressing together of the opposite ends of
the holder causing the projection of the caustic or other substance contained

page_text: therein beyond the pointed end thereof. When the holder is adapted for
bolding caustic I provide a screw cap for covering the pointed end of the
holder. A piece like this may also be used in crayon and blacklead holders
as a receptaclo for chalks or leads.
The advantage of the above arrangement, besides simplicity of construction,
is, that any pressure put upon the substance protruded from the point (while
the holder is in use) will be resisted by the propeller rod.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER TUBULAR BOLLERS IN WHICH STEAM IS. GENERA
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Uytborck at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March.
1856.
4
I, LOUIS UYTBORCK, of 74, Montagne de la Cour, in the City of Brussels,
Kingdom of Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER TUBULAR BOLLERS IN WHICH STEAM IS .
GENERATED, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to economise fuel, and is particularly
applicable to locomotive and other tubular boilers.
For its application, it will be sufficient to join by pairs a certain number of
boiler tubes, united at each end by a metal elbow or bend. See A on the
Drawing. This bend or elbow may be fixed to the tubes at each of their
extremities, entering the distance of a few inches a nozzle or lining formed
of copper, inserted in the boiler tubes; the joints being rendered water-tight.
by being properly luted at the junction. See Fig. B. The elbows are...
attached to the boiler by means of screws traversing their
convenient place.
centre or other-
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN SALTS AND OXIDES OF MANGANESE
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Lee Pattinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1856.
I, HUGH LEE PATTINSON, of Scots House, near West Boldon, in the County
of Durham, Chemical Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN SALTS AND OXIDES
OF MANGANESE," to be as follows:-
I take a soluble salt of manganese (preferring the chloride) and dissolve it
wholly or partially in water; I then add to it an earthy or alkaline pre-
cipitant (giving the preference to lime on account of its cheapness) in a
suitable proportion, by which I obtain oxide or mixed oxides of manganese,
which I separate, wash, and dry.
The dry oxide or mixed oxides of manganese I expose for some time to a
cautiously regulated heat considerably below the melting point of tin. By
this treatment I obtain peroxide of manganese or a much larger proportion
of peroxide of manganese than the precipitate originally contained, so much
so as to render its application useful in the arts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Blackwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th November
1856.
I, JOHN BLACKWOOD, of the Queen's Hotel, London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of a peculiar mode of casing or lining the interior
of ships with caoutchouc, or with a composition of caoutchouc and other
similar material, so as to prevent the ship from foundering from accidental
causes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON FOR KNEES FOR SHIPS OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Betteley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April 1856.
I, JOSEPH BETTELEY, of Liverpool, Anchor Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
FOR KNEES FOR SHIPS OR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in making double-tapered bars of iron by means of
rollers of equal or unequal sizes, the forms of the double-tapered bar being cut
thereon. To obtain this double-tapered bar, I pass iron between the widest
part of the rollers, causing them to revolve one and a half or more times, pro-
ducing thereby a succession of inclined planes in one bar, which, being cut or
sawed through at the thinnest part, form double-tapered shapes of iron, from
which knees, suitable for ships or other purposes, can be made by bending the
bar at the thickest part.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN WEIGHT-DISTRIBUTING BRIDGES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lucius E. Truesdell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th Sep-
tember 1856.
I, LUCIUS E. TRUESDELL, of Warren, in the County of Worcester, and
State of Massachusetts, in the United States of America, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN WEIGHT-DISTRIBUTING
BRIDGES," to be as follows: -
This Invention relates to a novel mode of trussing beams, or of constructing
frames of timber so as to distribute the weight which they are intended to bear
equally over the structure. I provide a series of rafter timbers which intersect
each other at an angle of about 90°, and at equal distances apart, and form a con-
tinuous lattice frame. The spaces created by the intersection of these timbers
are square, and have one of their diagonal lines perpendicular to, and the other
parallel or nearly so with the string timbers, of which there are two on either
side, between and to which the lower ends of the rafters are firmly secured by
bolts. The rafters rise from the beam at an angle of about 45°, and are halved
into and secured to each other by bolts at the points of their intersection.
Between the angles of the squares thus formed are secured horizontal braces,
parallel with the string timbers, and these being intersected at right angles by
vertical braces passing between the upper and lower angles of the same squares,

page_text: both being halved into each other, and firmly bolted together, and otherwise
secured to the rafter timbers in any suitable manner. The peculiar arrange-
ment of these braces when combined with the rafter timbers serves to distribute
the weight or pressure communicated to any part of the bridge over the whole
structure, and thus relieves those parts immediately in the plane of pressure
from undue strain. The flooring is secured either to the string timbers, or it
is supported upon bed plates secured to the horizontal braces.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-PLATING
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cowper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th December
1856. A communication from Louis Isidore Caussinus, of Paris, in
France.
I, CHARLES COWPER, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lanc, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare tho nature of tho
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-PLATING," to be as
follows:-
Four ounces of cyanide of copper and ten ounces of cyanide of potassium.
are dissolved in a pint of hot water. The solution is filtered, and mixed with
twenty pints of water, and heated for an hour. A solution of silver is pre-
cipitated by a compound of cyanogen, so as to obtain cyanide of silver, which
is well washed. Two ounces of the cyanide of silver and ten ounces of
cyanide of potassium are dissolved in a pint of water, and the solution is
filtered and added to the solution containing the cyanide of copper. The
mixed solution is again heated and kept hot for an hour, and this forms
the silvering bath for electro-plating. A galvanic battery of zinc and carbon,
or any other battery or source of electricity, may be employed. The zinc
of the battery is connected to a wire, to which the objects to be silvered are
suspended in the aforesaid bath. The wire from the carbon of the battery
is connected to a piece of carbon, such as is employed for galvanic batteries;

page_text: and this carbon is immersed in the silvering: bath to a depth which can be
adjusted by a slide, so as to regulate the action. The bath may be used hot
or cold. The objects are allowed to become covered with copper, and they
are then agitated several times in the bath until the copper is replaced by
silver. They are then scratch-brushed, and again placed in the bath and
treated in a similar manner. If a thicker coating is required, it is effected
by subsequently submitting them to the ordinary electro-plating processes.
The proportions and details of the process admit of variation. By this means
zinc, lead, tin, and wrought and cast iron, and other metals may be advan-
tageously electro-plated.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE PISTONS OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Mathew Barker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
January 1856.
I, CHARLES MATHEW BARKER, of 25, Kennington Lane, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE PISTONS OF STEAM ENGINES" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the pistons of steam
engines; and it consists of making each surface of a piston on which the steam
presses semi-spherical, convex, or concave, in order thus to obtain a larger
area for the pressure of the steam than when the upper and under surfaces of
piston are made plain or flat, and of the same area as the transverse section
of the cylinder in which the piston works.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES UPON PAPER, GLASS, METAL PLATES, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ludwig Schultz at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th April
1856.
I, LUDWIG SCHULTZ, of Green Street, Stepney, County of Middlesex,
5 Photographic Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES UPON PAPER, GLASS, METAL
PLATES, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in preparing my paper or other fibrous substances
which I intend to use for obtaining photographic pictures upon, by first coating
them over with a suitable varnish, preferably of a dark color, so as to give
them a smooth surface, and at the same time to prevent them from being
injuriously acted upon when immersed in the liquids for subsequent prepa-
ration. I apply in like manner the same varnish to glass or other metal
plates, for the purpose of giving them a proper smooth surface to receive the
picture upon.
AN IMPROVED FABRIC APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF FEED CLOTHS OR APRONS
Year: 1856

page_text: Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Apperly at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd December 1856.
I, JAMES APPERLY, of Dudbridge, in the County of Gloucester, Cloth Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
FABRIC APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF FEED CLOTHS OR APRONS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a fabric, which when made up
into feeding cloths or aprons will form an even travelling surface, not liable to
shift laterally or pucker and get out of shape. To obtain this desirable result,
I I propose to introduce into the shed, while the cloth is being woven, wires or
strips of whalebone or other rigid substance, at suitable distances apart and
parallel with the weft, and thereby to weave these substances into the fabric
after the manner of weaving in terry wires. These strips or wires must be
of sufficient strength to give a degree of rigidity to the fabric in the direction of
its breadth, and thus their introduction will destroy the tendency of the fabric
to move sideways during its forward traverse, and so drag out of shape.
Instead of introducing the wires into the shed, I may in some cases find it
desirable to insert them between two webs of cloth, connected together either
by india-rubber or other suitable cement, or in some other convenient manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRESSES FOR COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS, AND FOR OTHER USES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Carey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1856.
I, CHARLES CAREY, of 32, Union Grove, Wandsworth Road, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRESSES FOR COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS, AND FOR OTHER
USES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in presses for copying letters
and other documents, and for other uses. For this purpose two metal plates
are used. At each of the four angles of one is fixed an upright male screw,
and through each of the four angles of the other plate there is formed a hole,
which will admit of the passage of one of the male screws fixed at the angles
of the other plate. On the upper parts of the four screws are four screw nuts,
In
each having a handle to facilitate its being turned round on its screw.
order to make copies of letters or other documents by this press, the book
is placed between the two plates, and the four screw nuts are screwed down,
so as to press the two plates towards each other. And when the press is
employed for other uses, the article to be pressed is placed between the two
plates and pressed, as above stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOUNTING CAMERAS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Massi at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th December
1856.
I, CHARLES MASSI, of 13, Greville Street, Hatton Garden, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
MOUNTING CAMERAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for mounting
For these purposes, when two cameras are used to take. two
pictures at the same time and at an angle to each other for stereoscopic
purposes, the two cameras are placed on a suitable surface or stand, through
which are two parallel slits or openings for the passage of two pairs of studs
or upright projections, which are fixed to two bars, one pair to each bar. Tho
two studs or uprights of each bar are at a distance apart from each other, so
as to pass through the two parallel slits in the surface above. The two
cameras are cach placed on to the two stems or uprights of one of the bars,
by which means, so long as the two bars are parallel to each other, the
cameras will be parallel, but when the bars are made to incline to cach
other, a similar inclination is given to the two cameras. The two bars are
actuated by means of two screw shafts or axes, each having a right-handed
screw at one end, and a left-handed screw at the other end. The two bars
have each two screw nuts attached thereto, through which the two screw

page_text: shafts or axes pass, and they actuate the two cameras in such manner, that if
both of the screw shafts or axes are simultaneously turned, the cameras
approach to or recede from each other according to the directions in which
the screw shafts or axes are turned. And when only one of the screw shafts
or axes is turned, or when one is turned in excess of the other, the cameras
are made to incline to each other to the extent desired. By these means two
pictures may be more conveniently and more correctly taken at the same timo
than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLECTING AND DISTRIBUTING WATER AND ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS CONTAINED IN SEWAGE AND OTHER WATER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Cochrane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1856.
I, ALEXANDER COCHRANE, of No. 11, Eaton Terrace, Saint John's Wood, in
tho County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLECTING AND DISTRIBUTING WATER AND ALLUVIAL
DEPOSITS CONTAINED IN SEWAGE AND OTHER WATER" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to convey water or sewago along pipes,
having holes or slots formed therein at given intervals, whereby the water or
sewage as it passes along said pipes may be deposited in tanks or other con-
venient receptacles placed for its reception, from whence it may be removed
and used as manure, or for other purposes. The said tanks or receptacles may
be placed either above the ground or under the ground; and when placed
above ground, may be employed as supports for railway constructions, such as
viaducts of other such like works, or to collect from the water or sewage such
ingredients as may be employed to form an embankment for a permanent
line of railway.
In forcing the water or sewage along the aforesaid pipes, I propose to carry
along with the same the mud, &c. from the streets, when they are first swept,

page_text: or conveyed into receptacles, and then pressed into the aforesaid pipes through
holes or slots formed therein for that purpose. The tanks or receptacles under
ground may be placed in convenient positions to be employed for agricultural
purposes.
I also propose by branch pipes to supply houses and other buildings with
water for domestic and other purposes, by conveying the same along the afore-
said pipes with the sewage, as above stated; the quality of the water to bo
varied, according to the purpose for which it is required, by compelling tho
same to pass through chambers or vessels containing ingredients for effecting
that object.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN PIPES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Kersey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st January 1856.
I, FREDERICK KERSEY, of 5, Laurie Terrace, St. George's Road, Southwark,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN PIPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of
drain pipes. For this purpose, each length of drain pipe is formed with two
half sockets, one at each end and on the same side of the pipe, by which
when laying down a drain the alternate pipes will have their half sockets
downwards on the bottom of the trench, and the other alternate pipes will
have their half sockets upwards, by which means the pipes may be taken up
without breakage, and each pipe will have more uniform bearing at its two
ends than when each pipe is made with a half or a whole socket only at one
end. Such pipes may, as heretofore, be made with junctions with half
sockets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES SUITABLE FOR FOOD
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Louis Marle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June 1856.
I, CHARLES LOUIS MARLE, of Hotel du Continent, 46, Leadenhall Street,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES SUITABLE
FOR FOOD," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the preserving in a fresh state animal and
vegetable substances which are suitable for food. For this purpose, the sub-
stance to be preserved is cut up into suitable pieces, and these pieces are hung
up in a heated chamber containing an atmosphere consisting of carbonic acid
gas, or the substances are otherwise partially dried in an atmosphere of car-
bonic acid gas. When this process is complete, the pieces are removed and
dipped into a bath of gelatine, and when they have remained a short time in
this bath they are removed and the film of gelatine allowed to dry; and, lastly,
they are plunged into a bath containing tannin. When removed from this bath
and dried, the meat or other substance is ready for packing, and in packing,
each piece should be covered with coarsely powdered bark. Meat and vege-
tables thus preserved and packed will remain fresh for a long time. Sometime,
in place of preserving animal and vegetable substances in a raw state, I first
cook them, and then preserve them in the manner above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING RAILS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1856

page_text: this invention received Irovisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Baynton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th June
1856.
I, WILLIAM BAYNTON, of High Street, Bilston, in the County of Stafford,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING
RAILS FOR RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the rolling of T rails, or rails the under side of
which is flat; and the Invention consists in arranging the rolls for rolling
such rails, so that each time that the rail is rolled flat, the under side of the
rail shall be brought to a concave or hollow form, which hollow is again
filled when the rail is rolled on edge by the metal which is displaced from
the throat of the rail. In this way the flanges of Trails may be rolled sound
when using a quantity of iron inferior to that now necessary. Sometimes
also it is advantageous to hollow in a similar manner the head of the rail,
particularly when the rail is more than usually throated in the middle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF FABRICS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED FOR RENDERING OTHER SUBSTANCES WATERPROOF
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Hippolyte Gustave Bérard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th March 1856.
I, PIERRE HIPPOLYTE GUSTAVE BÉRARD, Merchant, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare. the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF FABRICS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO
BE APPLIED FOR RENDERING OTHER SUBSTANCES WATERPROOF," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the employment of collodion as a means of
rendering waterproof fabrics and other substances.
Without confining myself to a particular method in carrying out my im-
provements, one which I have found to answer well, is to obtain a layer or
thin sheet of the collodion upon a sheet of glass in a frame, and to give supple-
ness thereto I combine with it castor oil or other suitable fat. I unite such
sheet of collodion to the fabric or other substance by pressure, aided by ether.
The collodion may also be applied directly to the cloth or other substances
without being first formed into a sheet. It may also be employed as a means
of uniting two fabrics together for the purpose of rendering them waterproof.
The other substances which may be rendered waterproof are wood, leather,
skins of various kinds, papers, &c., by coating them with collodion upon one
or both sides or surfaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moses Haym Picciotto at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1856.
I, MOSES HAYM PICCIOTTO, of 8, Crosby Square, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING
FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing flax, hemp, and
other similar fibrous materials, for which purpose the flax, hemp, or similar
fibrous materials are first deprived of their gummy or resinous substances by
means of hot water, or steam, and pressure between rollers or otherwise,
and then in place of separating the woody and fibrous matters, as heretofore,
the flax, hemp, or similar fibrous materials are subjected to a process of
bleaching by a dilute solution of chlorine, chloride of lime, or soda. The fibres
are then washed and dried, and are subjected to the ordinary processes for
separating the woody and fibrous matters, by which means the fibres are
obtained in a bleached and more pure state than heretofore for spinning.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES OF LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Juckes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June 1856.
1, JOHN JUCKES, of Damic Street, Islington, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES OF LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the fire box or furnaces
of locomotive boilers, and the improvements consist of so arranging the fire box
and fire bars of a locomotive boiler, that an endless chain, or series of fire. bars,
may be caused to move through such fire box. For these purposes, in place
of the back, front, and sides of the water spaces, surrounding the fire box,
descending to a similar extent, such water spaces at the front and back do not
descend so low as the sides. Between the two sides an endless series or chain
of fire bars, such as before used by me in other forms of furnaces, is applied,
and moved continuously or at intervals, so as progressively to pass into and out
of the fire box. The parts of the series or chain of fire bars as they enter the
fire box have the small coal thereon to such a depth as may be regulated by a
suitable guage.
Above the parts of the fire bars where they enter the fire box, is formed an
arch of brick, in order by its heat to assist in igniting the fuel as it enters into
the fire box.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dodgeon and James Wilson
Bateson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 6th February 1856.
We, JOHN DODGEON, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
and JAMES WILSON BATESON, of Rawtenstall, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, to be as follows:-
Our Invention applies, first, to the shuttle box of the loom, and consists in
placing a "swell" or convex surface upon the inside of the guard of the shuttle
box instead of upon the back of the shuttle box, as is ordinarily the case. By
this novel arrangement the shuttle, in its traverse across the loom, passes closer
to the healds, and consequently has a clearer race, and better work is obtained.
This swell may be connected to the ordinary stop rod by any suitable means,
so that should the shuttle not complete its traverse, the loom would be thrown
out of gear.
Secondly, our Invention applies to the warp or yarn beam, and consists in
diminishing the unnecessary drag upon the warp or yarn by passing a strap,
band, &c. over the top of the warp beam; one end of the band is secured to..
the framing, the opposite end being attached to a lever with an adjustable
weight; by this means we thus create sufficient, friction to retard the rotation
of the beam without the unnecessary tension and drag upon the warp, as in the
ordinary manner, with the weighted rope wound round the beam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER SPRINGS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wright and Thomas Gorrery
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 3rd May 1856.
We, JOHN WRIGHT and THOMAS GORRERY, Manufacturers, both of Sheffield,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER SPRINGS, to be as follows:-
In using cast or other kinds of steel, or other metal sheets or plates of a
less thickness than No. 6 wire guage, being placed together in the formation
of springs instead of plates or bars of a greater thickness, as now used for
long bearing, buffer, draw, and other springs, by which alteration of thickness
of the steel, or other metal, greater lightness, elasticity, and durability of the
springs are secured; also applicable to general carriages and vehicles, and
other purposes for which springs are used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING RAIL- WAY ROLLING STOCK
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Beatt Sharp and Thomas
Forsyth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 6th March 1856.
We, THOMAS BEATT SHARP, of the Atlas Works, in the City of Manchester,
Engincer, and THOMAS FORSYTH, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING RAIL-
WAY ROLLING STOCK, to be as follows:-
The nature of our Invention consists in coupling railway rolling stock by means
of self-adjusting draw hooks, the object being to economise the power hitherto
When
lost when the line of traction is not laterally and horizontally true.
the points of attachment of two contiguous carriages, coupled in the ordinary
manner, are not in the same horizontal plane, it is evident that a portion of the
power exerted to propel the carriages is absorbed in raising one and depressing
the other; and when the points of attachment are not laterally true with the
line of traction, a portion of the power is absorbed by the carriage assuming
a diagonal direction with respect to the rails, and thereby bringing the flanges
of the wheels in contact with the rails. One mode of constructing our self-
adjusting draw hooks is by attaching a washer to the end of the draw hook,
which hook passes through a hole of sufficient size to allow for the requisite
play made in a plate attached to the buffer beam.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WEAVING
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Bell Blyth and William
Parell Butchart at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th July 1856.
We, CHARLES BELL BLYTH, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, Manager, and WILLIAM PARELL BUTCHART, of the same Place,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WEAVING," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in power looms, the chief
object of which is to give a proportionately increased time for the passage
across of the shuttle, the advantage of which will be understood by the practical
weaver.
The desired effect is produced by causing the slay or lathe to be actuated by
a differential movement, in such a manner that it moves comparatively slowly
at the period of the shuttle's transit across, whilst the subsequent beat up is
effected with the usual or a proportionately greater rapidity. Various mechanical
contrivances may be adopted for producing the required differential movement;
but according to a preferable modification of such contrivances, the crank shaft,
which is connected to the lathe in the usual manner, is driven by means of a pair
of elliptical or eccentrically disposed spur wheels, according to the well understood
arrangement adopted in other cases where a differential motion is required, the
wheels being of course so adjusted that the quick and slow speeds respectively
occur at such points of the lathe's movement as may suit the end intended.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND SAWING
Year: 1856

page_text: vy the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jens Foss at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July 1856.
I, JENS Foss, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING
AND SAWING," to be as follows:-
In this machine the cutter is formed of two thin steel blades, the edges of
which are made plane or indented, according to the nature of the substance to
be operated upon. These two blades are brought in contact with one another,
or nearly so, they being passed between two pair of adjustable rollers, placed
the one pair above and at a convenient distance from a table or support for the
material that is to be cut, and the other pair under the said table. The blades
are stretched over two pulleys, the one pulley above the top set of rollers, and
the other under the bottom set. When one of these pulleys is set in motion
by any suitable means, as a crank and treadle, or otherwise, the cutting blades
will be caused to move in opposite directions, and this motion may be made
either continuous, by giving the driving pulley a rotary motion, or alter-
nating, by communicating to the pulley an oscillating motion. The necessary
stiffness of the cutting part of the blades is obtained through the check con-
stantly exercised by one blade on the other, and the right degree of tension is
produced by varying the distance between the top and bottom pulleys. As the
two blades are cutting in opposite directions, or against one another, it will be

page_text: seen that the material, being pulled against the edges of the blades, will be
acted upon in a manner similar to that produced by a pair of shears or
scissors. The pulleys and other working parts of the machine are fixed in a
suitable framework, and a table is applied at a convenient height for support-
ing the material that is being cut, the said table having a slit or opening for
the blades to pass through. The bottom (or top) set of pulleys is made
moveable, so as to be shifted sideways, if required, in order to produce a slant-
ing cut, thereby obtaining different dimensions when a pile of cloth consisting
of several layers is cut, or for other purposes. When the machine is used for
cutting asunder double-woven or other fabrics, an arrangement of rollers or
guides is added, by which the fabric is carried against the blades. For cutting
veneers and certain kinds of ornamental wood, or for other purposes, a double
cut may be effected at once by adjusting the rollers so as to leave the requisite
space between the cutting blades.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING INSTANTANEOUS LIGHT
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Heinrich Hochstaetter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th October
1856.
J, HEINRICH HOCHSTAETTER, of Darmstadt, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING INSTANTANEOUS LIGHT,"
to be as follows:-
The objection attending the usual mode of obtaining instantaneous light
with matches which will only ignite by rubbing on prepared surfaces is, that
the inflammatory character of the chemical ingredients employed in the
preparation of the rubber surface render such part susceptible of taking fire
readily, and the object and intention of this Invention is to obviate this
objection, and to prevent the possibility of the rubbing surface taking fire, but
the capability of causing instantaneous ignition of matches when rubbed
thereon. The means by which this may be effected is by combining phos-
phorus with iodine, which will produce a non-inflammatory mixture.
The matches which I employ in conjunction with the rubbing surface,
prepared as above stated, are composed of wood dipped in sulphur or wax, and
then dipped in a mixture of nitrate or chloride of potass, red lead, oxide of
iron, and glue or gum.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN DOMESTIC STOVES OR GRATES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Scudamore at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February
1856.
I, JOSEPH SCUDAMORE, of Mitcheldean, in the County of Gloucester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN DOMESTIC STOVES OR GRATES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in surrounding stoves and grates with a jacket or air
space at the sides and back, and in closing the jacket or air space at top to
prevent communication with the chimney. The sides and front of the stove
may be formed with perforated or open plates covering the front and sides of
the jacket, or the jacket may be left entirely open. The object of my Invention
is to cause air to circulate in the jacket, and to be dispersed over the apart-
ment in which the stove is fixed, in lieu of allowing the heat radiated from the
back and sides of a stove, as ordinarily constructed, being absorbed in the brick-
work or setting.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRINTING OR DYEING SKEINS, TISSUES, OR OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS OF COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Etienne Machard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th June 1856.-A communication from J. P. Vautravers, of Annecy.
I, JEAN ETIENNE MACHARD, Chemist, of Annecy, Town in the Kingdom of
Piedmont, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRINTING OR DYEING SKEINS, TISSUES, OR OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS OF
COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the application of catechu and indigo in the
processes of printing or dyeing, by which means I am enabled to obtain good
and fast colours, and at the same time to economize the indigo. The skeins,
tissues, or fabrics are immersed or passed through a solution of catechu, and
left for some hours or even days, and then dyed in the indigo by the ordinary
processes; or they are first dyed in the indigo and afterwards immersed in
the solution of catechu. Light or dark blues are thus produced. When white
portions are required they are previously printed with a "resist," or sub-
sequently with a discharge. Various resists may be used; a suitable one is
composed of a mixture of nitrate of lead, subacetate of lead, sulphate of copper,
acetate of copper, gum arabic, and pipe clay. The resist acts both mechanically
and chemically. If yellow or orange colours are required, they are produced
by immersing the articles in a solution of chromate of potash or other
chromate, which converts the lead in the resist into chrome yellow or orange.
ments in "FoG AND DARK NIGHT ALARM SIGNALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Williams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th May 1856.
I, GEORGE WILLIAMS, of No. 16, Cannon Street, St. George's-in-the-East,
Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for Improve-
ments in "FoG AND DARK NIGHT ALARM SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to warn ships at sea during fogs or the
darkness of night, so as to avoid accidents by collision. It consists of the
combination of a trumpet-shaped instrument with a whistle, thus producing
two distinct sounds. The apparatus may be fixed to the air vessel of the fire
engines, which are now usually carried on board vessels, or worked with an
air pump. The sound is produced by the air pump in the usual way, and
when the fire engine is used, by working the engine, pumping air instead of
water. By turning the handle in one direction the current of air is forced
into the trumpet, producing a sound, which, under ordinary circumstances, may
be heard many miles upon the water; and this signal I propose to be under-
stood as meaning "helm-a-port," the whistle to mean "helm starboard."
I would observe, that though I consider my said Invention principally
applicable to the above purpose, yet, that the apparatus may also be employed
for making signals on railways, or for other similar purposes.
PREVENTION OF THE LEADING OR FOULING OF FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Victor de Sauty at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th February 1856.
I, CHARLES VICTOR DE SAUTY, of 4 St. Mary's Terrace, Walworth, in the
County of Surrey, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for THE PREVENTION OF THE LEADING OR FOULING OF FIRE-ARMS to be as
follows:-
The coating or covering by means of electricity balls, bullets, and shot,
whether for cannon, rifles, guns, or pistols, made of iron or lead, and of any
shape or size, with a coat or cover of copper or other suitable metal, preferring
copper for cheapness, and by reason of its easy and rapid deposition.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR PREPARATION OF OILS TO BE USED FOR LUBRICATING
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Reid at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June 1856.
I, ROBERT REID, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OR PREPARATION OF OILS TO BE USED FOR LUBRICATING," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the treatment or preparation of oils to be used for
lubricating purposes, and consists in giving them an increased body by dis-
solving gutta percha therein. This mode of treatment is more particularly
suited for application to mineral oils, or oils derived from minerals; but it may
also be applied to other oils, where the increase of body which it gives is
desirable, when such oils are to be used for lubricating purposes. By this
means, oils hitherto unsuited, or not well suited for lubricating purposes,
are rendered eminently adapted for such a use, and a comparatively cheap
lubricating oil is in this manner obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES FOR BUILDINGS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April 1856.-
A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES FOR BUILDINGS, communicated to me by Charles
Pandosy, of Paris, to be as follows:-
I propose to make tiles of any material, and so to arrange projections or
receptacles on or in each, that when put together, they shall form an area of any
dimension. The tile itself will have the form of a parallelogram and may be
made to any convenient size.
Figure 1 of the annexed sketch is a plan view of the upper part or face of
the tile-a, projection on upper edge of tile; a", bent ridge formed on the
top of the lap; B, lap of tile; c, lozenge; d, cramp; f, f, plane surface of tile.
Figure 2-e, e, lugs for fixing tile on laths or boards; l, cavity to receive
cramp; m, ridge on lower edge of tile, n, cavity of lozenge c (Fig. 1); 0, 0, plane
under face of tile.
These tiles dovetail, intersect, or ridge with each other, and are laid on
roofing without mortar or cement, securing by their peculiar formation the roof
chamber from indraught of air or infiltration of water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REEPING SAILS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Duncan Preston Cunning-
ham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th September 1856.
I, HENRY DUNCAN PRESTON CUNNINGHAM, of Gosport, in the County of
Hants, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REEPING SAILS," to be as follows:-
In the Specifications of former Patents granted to me on or about the
30th November 1850 and 20th July 1855, for "Improvements in Reefing
Sails," it was stated that my Inventions consisted in reefing the square sails
of ships, by causing the yards to which they were attached, to be so fitted as
to turn round in the bearings in which they were suspended, and so to roll
up the sail thereon or to unrol it therefrom, and I described means of com-
municating rotary motion to the moving yard by means of bands or ropes,
one end of each of which is connected to the yard, the other end being made
fast aloft. I also described another mode of communicating the motion by
suspending the yard on the bight of the chain tye, the links of the chain
fitting into whelps or indentations formed in a grooved boss or collar fitted
upon the yard, and one end of the chain being made fast aloft. As a feature
of my Invention I claimed the employment of the gravity of the yard, sail,
and appendages as the motive force by which the rotation of the revolving
yard was produced. I also alluded to other methods of producing rotation,
all possessing the same characteristic feature just mentioned, and to the

page_text: application of the bands or ropes for producing the rotary motion to the centre
of the yard, and I described methods whereby I allow the sail to pass the tye
and centre fittings on the yard.
My present Invention consists in producing the rotary motion by passing
the bands or ropes round the extremities of the revolving yards, to which they
are conducted by suitable sheaves or pullies. At each end of the revolving
yard are fixed whelped bosses, as described in my former Specification. The
centre of the revolving yard is supported by a saddle fixed to the standing
yard. This saddle may be made of wood, metal, or other suitable material,
and may be fitted with friction rollers, or not, as desired. The sail is attached
to the revolving yard by the jackstays and earrings in the ordinary manner,
or by any other desirable method. The chains for effecting the rotation are
fixed aloft by haulyards, and led through a system of pullies over the whelped
bosses and through pullies on the other side of the fixed yards. In lower
yards, which do not lower up and down, the rotation is produced by leading
the ends of the chain on deck, and hauling on them by tackles.