matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Onions at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January 1856.
I, JOHN ONIONS, of Wellington Place, Blackfriars Road, Southwark, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON" to be as follows:-
I
I propose to apply at the tuyere or other suitable part or parts of the blast
or other furnace the smoke, heated air, and other inflammable gases produced
from fires of any kind whatever, one or more, or all of them, so that they shall
be consumed in passing through the fuzed mass of ore or iron in the said
furnace; also, to prepare fuel of any combustible kind whatever, so as to
apply it at a high temperature in the shape of smoke with heated air and
other inflammable gases, or in finely pulverised particles, at the tuyere or other
suitable part or parts of the blast or other furnace, so as to come into immediate
contact with the ores or iron in a state of fusion in the said furnace.
propose to effect this by forcing through pipes, tubes, or other covered channels,
by means of a forcing or other pump, or by a piston and cylinder, or by a fan
or wheel, or any other suitable means (none of which I claim as part of my
Invention), the said smoke, heated air, and other inflammable gases, or finely
pulverised particles of fuel, so that it or them, or each of them, the said smoke,
heated air, inflammable gases, or finely pulverised particles of fuel, shall be
injected with a proper force into the said furnace, so as to come in contact
with the fuzed ore or iron, and be perfectly consumed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAUGES FOR INDICATING PRESSURE
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Taylor and James Gal-
loway at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 27th March 1856.
We, JAMES TAYLOR and JAMES GALLOWAY, both of Bolton-le-Moors, in the
County of Lancaster, Brassfounders, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAUGES FOR INDICATING PRESSURE," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists of a flexible or elastic diaphragm, nade of metal,
mineralized india-rubber, or of any other suitable substance or material, and of
a tube, containing mercury or other fluid or substance, bearing upon the surface
of the flexible diaphragm. When the pressure to be indicated acts on tho
opposite surface of the diaphragon, the fluid or substance is displaced, and rises
in the tube, thereby indicating the pressure upon a graduated scale of the
usual construction.
AN IMPROVED PAPER-CUTTING MACHINE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Salt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th November
1856.
I, EDWIN SALT, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County Palatine of Lancaster,
Engineer and Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PAPER-CUTTING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in the peculiar mechanical arrangements of
paper-cutting machines, enabling them to be used alone or along with paper
machines.
My improved paper-cutting machine has a roller, worked by a crank or bar
attached at one end to a chain or band, working into a toothed wheel or on a
pulley, and is weighted at its other end. I also provide levers, studs, and
double-faced cams at each side and inside of the machine framing, affording
communication which measures the length of the paper sheet at each interval
of cutting; the same motion also works the drop board or gripper, and the
roller is lifted off the paper until the cut is made, when the gripper holds it
just above the cross-cut knife and a reciprocating motion continually going
I thus dispense with employing the lower or larger drum for giving the
length of the paper sheet. The knife or cutter slides in or on brackets with an
oblique motion attached produced by a pulley in an angle groove under the knife

page_text: frame, and the knife is worked by a double-faced cam, in which a roller works
on a stud pin, fixed to the connecting rod, and is combined with other suitable
arrangements connecting the cross-cut knife with the cam for working the knife
backwards and forwards. The paper passes through slitting knives and drawing
rollers, then descends to smaller rollers to take up the slack paper, until the
cross-cut is made, and passing between the other rollers proceeds thenco
downwards between the gripper and knives until cut off.
THE PROCESS FOR THE PROCURING AND MANUFACTURING THE SULPHO-SACCHARATE OF SIMARUBINE
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas C. Richardson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th August 1856.
I, THOMAS C. RICHARDSON, of the firm of T. C. Richardson, Torassa,
Balastrino, & Castellano, of 101, Drury Lane, (County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE PROCESS FOR THE
PROCURING AND MANUFACTURING THE SULPHO-SACCHARATE OF SIMARUBINE," to be
as follows:-
Take the wood of the simaruba tree, with acid sulphuricum dilutum, until
the wood is exhausted, then filter and neutralise with any earthy carbonates,
so that any excess of acid is neutralised. Evaporate, treat with animal carbon,
alcohol, and chrystallize.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING ON CLOTH AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carlo Pictroni at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January.
1856. A communication.
I, CARLO PIETRONI, of London Wall, in the City of London, Merchant..
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING ON CLOTH AND OTHER FABRICS," (being a communication from
Guiseppe Bossi, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of machinery or apparatus so disposed and arranged
as to print cloths and other fabrics on the under or lower face or side by an
upward pressure of the printing surface or surfaces, or by a downward pressure
of the cloth or fabric on to or upon the printing surface or surfaces, instead of
a downward pressure of the printing surface, as with ordinary printing blocks.
This Invention also comprises the use of machinery adapted for printing cloths
or other fabrics in the manner above described, with two or more colors,
either by a single operation, or by a repetition or repetitions of the same, as
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING CHANNELS OR FLUES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anker Heegaard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th January
1856.
:
I, ANKER HEEGAARD, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark, and 46,
Regent Street, Middlesex, do' hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING CHANNELS OR FLUES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in applying the principle of the screw as a means of
obtaining within a given space a longer continuous channel or flue for air or
smoke in brickwork or other material than could otherwise be obtained. Such
channels are useful as chimneys and flues to fire-places and furnaces where
sufficient height cannot be obtained, for the purpose of conducting hot air
about a building, and for many other uses.
In this application of the principle of the screw, I do not confine myself to
a particular pitch of screw, or to a particular section at right angles to the
centre line of the screw, or to using a single-threaded screw, or simply a right-
handed screw; but the said channel or flue may be made to any pitch, from
nearly a straight line parallel to the axis of the cylinder round which the
screw is formed, to nearly a circle at right angles to the said axis, or the pitch
may be variable, although in most cases a medium and constant pitch is pre-
ferred; or the solid forming the base of the screw may be a cone, having any
altitude, from nearly a plane surface to a cylinder, or a cone or cylinder, having

page_text: any other section at right angles to its axis than a circle, or any solid body
round which a screw can be described, although in most cases the cylinder is
preferred. The section of the channel at right angles to its axis may likewise
be any plane figure, although in most cases the circle or square is preferred,
thus making a "round-threaded screw" or "square-threaded screw" respec-
tively; the channel may also be divided into any number of passages of the
same screw form, proceeding round the same cylinder or other solid body form-
ing the base, thus forming a "double," or "triple," or "quadruplo" threaded
screw, &c., as the case may be; or the centre line of the channel may form a
" left-handed screw" or "right-handed screw," or any combination of a right
or left-handed screw, to suit circumstances, although in most cases a right-
handed screw is preferred; or any other form may be used for the centre line
of the channel which can be defined as a screw.
The means of forming the screw-shaped channel above mentioned is by the
superposition of successive horizontal layers of brick, stone, or other suitable
material, each layer consisting of a definito number of differently shaped
pieces, so placed with respect to each other, that the layers collectively form
the screw-shaped channel of the desired shape. Other methods may be used,
according to individual circumstances and to the material used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL AND PREVENTING SMOKE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Heap, Demus Sharp, and
George Knowles at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st August 1856.
We, WILLIAM HEAP, DEMUS SHARP, and GEORGE KNOWLES, all of Bradford,.
in the County of York, Engine Tenders, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR
ECONOMIZING FUEL AND PREVENTING SMOKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in employing two distinct and separate fires instead
of one fire only, as commonly practised in the furnaces of boilers, and more
particularly Cornish boilers, in which the furnace thereof is placed in an
opening made through the boiler in the direction of its length.
In adapting these improvements to a Cornish boiler, we construct a partition
down the centre of the aforesaid opening, through which the water in the
boiler may circulate, said opening being in fact a part of the boiler; we also
form an opening through each side of the boiler, said openings communicating
respectively with a flue surrounding the boiler, and communicating with
another flue beneath by means of dampers; that is to say, we employ two
dampers for shutting off the communication with one or other, or, if necessary,
both of the furnace fires and their respective flues. Thus it will be seen that

page_text: by opening one of such dampers we cause the draught and smoke to pass
from one furnace fire over the other, and from thence into the chimney, and
by these means we economize fuel, by securing the greater portion of the heat
therefrom, and at the same time prevent smoke.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PUMP
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Durand Gardissal at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
October 1856.-A communication.
I, CHARLES DURAND GARDISSAL, of 10, Bedford Street, Strand, London,
and of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PUMP," (a
communication,) to be as follows:-
This improved construction of pump is furnished with suction and delivery
pipes and valves similar to an ordinary pump. With the space between the
suction and delivery valves I connect a spherical air and water tight chamber
(or it may be of other form), made of india-rubber or other suitable material
that will admit of such chamber expanding and collapsing, which at the same
time will remain air and water tight. Power is applied to this chamber to
expand and contract or collapse it, the effect of which is this:-When the
globe chamber is collapsed it will force out air or any other fluid it may
contain, which will be delivered through the delivery valve, and carried to a
height according to the pressure applied; again, when the chamber is expanded
it will suck or draw within it the water or fluid with which its suction pipe
may be in connection, which being brought through the suction valve is not,
when the chamber is collapsed, allowed to return thereby, but must pass off
by the delivery valve, as well understood in pumps. By the repeated actions
of collapsing and expanding the action of the pump will be continued.
AN IMPROVED CASE OR SLIDING TUBE FOR CANDLES, TELESCOPES, OPERA GLASSES, AND IS ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO PORTABLE ARTICLES FOR THE TOILET IN TRAVELLING, AND IS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Liley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1856. A communication.
I, JOSEPH LILEY, of No. 5, Gutter Lane, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for AN IMPROVED CASE OR SLIDING
TUBE FOR CANDLES, TELESCOPES, OPERA GLASSES, AND IS ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO
PORTABLE ARTICLES FOR THE TOILET IN TRAVELLING, AND IS CALLED "DEBAS-
CYLINDRICAL-ETUI," to be as follows:-
A portable case, tube, or barrel. It has two grooves, one on each side of the
tube, in which slides a piece of iron, uniting a ring to a nut, in which passes a
vice held obliquely to the tube; this vice has a head, which, by turning the
tube with the hand, suffices to make the ring turn up or down at pleasure,
and consequently the article which it contains rises out of the tube or encloses
it at pleasure. The use of the above Invention is for telescopes, opera
glasses, candles, pomade, soap, shaving brush, and the usual articles for the
toilet. It is especially applicable to the latter in travelling, and is recom-
mended for its easy & commodious use, cheapness, cleanliness, lightness, and
elegance. This Invention was patented in Paris, France, July 9th, 1855.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WHEELBARROWS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter de Prades at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1856.
I, PETER DE PRADES, of Camden New Town, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WHEELBARROWS, to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in so constructing all descriptions of wheel-
barrows, that they may be liberated of their contents without throwing the
entire barrow over on one side.
The legs and handles for a wheelbarrow, according to my Invention, are
firmly secured to a horizontal cross bar, from the centre of which at right
angles proceeds another bar, forked at its further end, to receive the wheel
and axle, or a wheel may be placed on each side. On the centre bar, between
the wheel and front cross bar are two raised bearings to receive corresponding
axles attached to the bottom of the wheelbarrow, body, which can thus be
made independent of and adjustable to the framework. The body is made of
any desired size and form suitable for the frame to which it is to be attached
by its axles, observing that it it does not hang over or touch the inside of the
front cross bar, but will readily turn down on either side of the centre bar; to
keep it, however, firmly in a level position, I affix a sliding bar on one side of
each handle, arranged so that the workman can withdraw the right or left-

page_text: hand bar as required, thereby unbolting and tilting the barrow body. The
tilting bolts being operated by spiral or other springs, the barrow body can be
quickly reset as at first. To render, the body easily. removeable, I make the
top of one bearing hinged, and secure it by a bolt, which when removed, one
axle being raised, the other may be freely drawn out.
AN IMPROVED PUMP, RESERVOIR, AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th June 1856.-
A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
för "AN IMPROVED PUMP, RESERVOIR, AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS,"
communicated by A. J. Gendry, of Dinant, Belgium, to be as follows:-.
It is very desirable that dealers in various descriptions of liquids, such as
dealers in oil, should be enabled to measure quickly, and from portable
receivers or tanks, the liquids in which they deal. For this purpose I propose
to construct a closed reservoir, into which the oil or other liquid is poured from
any larger tank or holder; when filled, this is to be carried or wheeled to any
part of the shop or warehouse. On or in the surface of this reservoir I make
two strainers, one on which the oil measure or measures is or are to be placed,
the other to receive any surplus oil that the stroke of the pump beam may
bring forth, which passes again into the receiver. I construct the pump on
the reservoir, and so that each stroke of the beam shall cause to issue from the
exit pipe an exact measure, say a pint or quart of liquid, as may be arranged.
And, in order to ascertain with exactness the quantity of liquid remaining at
any time in the reservoir, I fix a graduated scale inside thereof in any con-
venient position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FARTHINGALES OR PETTICOATS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th October 1856.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FARTHINGALES OR PETTICOATS," (communicated to me by a
foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming the hoops or circles, for expanding the
dress, each of a single strip or band of steel, the two ends of which are made
to unite in front by means of two or more slides, through which the ends are
protruded more or less, in order to expand or contract each band, and thereby
make the farthingale more or less full. The hoops or bands are connected
and held together by several tapes or ribbons, extending from the waist to the
bottom. Each hoop from the waist downwards is of greater circumference
than that immediately above it. To two of the side connecting tapes, or
ribbons, are attached ceilets, through which a cord is run, and fastened at
bottom, to enable the wearer on pulling up the cord to raise the farthingale
or petticoat at either side desired.
.Another improvement consists in attaching tapes to the ends of one of the
upper hoops or bands, which in that case are not passed through the loops or
slides before named, but the tapes, being carried down through one of the
hoops lower in the series, and fastened behind, causes the fullness of the
petticoat to set well back, and prevent too great protrusion in front.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE MODE OF SUPPLYING AND DRAWING OFF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1856

page_text: is invention receivea Frovisional 1-rotection, but notice to proceed win the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Davey Liptrap and James
Wright at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th May 1856.
I, SAMUEL DAVEY LIPTRAP, of the Albany Road, Camberwell, and I, JAMES
WRIGHT, of 10, Alfred Place, Newington Causeway, Civil Engineer, both of
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE MODE OF SUPPLYING AND
DRAWING OFF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
We propose that instead of drawing off liquids at or near the bottom of the
reservoirs or vessels in which they are contained, as is usually done, to draw
off the liquid either at or near its surface, or at any required point beneath the
surface. We effect this in the following manner :-We construct a float of any
suitable form, and of a material possessing less specific gravity than the liquid.
We affix to this float a tube or pipe of gutta percha, india-rubber, or any flexible
material, and in such a way that the one end shall be near to the under side
of the float, but always underneath the surface of the liquid; the other end
may be carried downwards either over the outside of the containing vessel, or
through the liquid inside the vessel, and attached to a tap or cock placed at
least as low down as the lowest strata of water or liquid. If the pipe or tube
be brought over and down the outside, it will then consist of a floating syphon,

page_text: there being sufficient length of spare tube to allow the float gradually to sink
as the liquid is drawn off, which is done by first exhausting the tube of the air
contained in it; if the pipe be carried downwards in the inside of the vessel,
it may in like manner be a syphon by passing it round the float, but this will
be unnecessary, as the tube may be suspended from a short way beneath the
float and under the surface of the liquid; the pressure of the column of water
will always carry off the supply, which will come from that strata of the water
or liquid near the level of the float. If it be required to draw off from any
particular point beneath the surface, then the float is loaded untill it has
sufficient density to sink it to that point. The arrangement may be modified
in many ways, all depending upon a floating tube of varying length with one
or two legs. Although for thus varying the length a tube composed of flexible
material is vastly preferable, yet a metal tube with slides, or acting in a tele-
scopic fashion, would, to a certain extent, effect the purpose. The float may
be arranged (like the ordinary ball-cock) to open and shut the supply pipe,
and thus at the same time both regulate the mode of supplying and drawing
off the liquids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC MOULDS, AND IN THE MANNER OF USING THEM FOR CASTING METALS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Vion, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
September 1856.-A Communication.
I, CHARLES VION, of No. 133, High Holborn, London, County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC MOULDS, AND IN THE MANNER OF USING THEM
FOR CASTING METALS."-A communication from Jean Boy, of Paris, France,
Founder, to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, 1st, in a novel arrangement of metallic moulds,
coated with an intervening substance to prevent the cast metal from adhering
to the mould; and, 2nd, in the manner of using these moulds.
First Preparation of the Moulds.-The moulds commonly used for casting
zinc and pewter, and all metallic moulds used for making sand moulds,
can be employed, only it is necessary to arrange outlets or openings for
the passage of the air, without which the casting might be spoilt. The
opening by which the liquid metal is poured in requires to be higher than it is
usually made, and must be prolonged down the sides of the mould, so that the
metal may enter it at several points at the same time. The chasing of the
mould must be deep, so that the article may turn out as fine as possible. For
certain castings a core of sand must be placed in the interior. The moulds for

page_text: casting bronze may be made either of gun or medal bronze, of common brass,
either pure or alloyed in any proportions, of cast or wrought iron, or of any
other metal equally strong. The thickness of the moulds should be from in.
to 24in. or thereabouts (more or less), according to the size of the article to be
cast. The moulds must be heated to about 1100 degrees (Fah.) in order to
give them the necessary ductility. This operation needs no repetition.
Second Preparation of the Moulds. All the parts of the metallic mould
must be covered, either when hot or cold, with a fatty coating mixed with
plumbago, applied with a hard brush. After this the metallic mould must be
heated to about 570 degrees (Fah.) When the mould is thus prepared the
metal is poured into it in a perfectly liquid state, that is to say, at a very
high temperature. After this last operation the mould is opened and the
article withdrawn; all the parts are then brushed with the coating brush,
after which the above-described operations are repeated as many times as is
necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th November 1856.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND OTHER LIKE
ARTICLES," (communicated to me by N. Gaillard, of Paris, a foreigner residing
abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the means of uniting the uppers of boots, shoes,
and other like articles to the soles, or to the soles and heels, without stitching,
gutta percha being employed to form the sole or heel, or part of the sole, or as
the uniting medium. Holes are punched in the leather or other material
forming the "uppers," and also in the outer sole (where an outer sole of another
material is to be used), or a sole or plate of gutta percha is to be added or
interposed; heat and pressure are applied, whereby pegs, rivets, or pins will
be started out from the gutta percha and into the holes punched, forming so
many rivets to hold the parts firmly together. A heel made of gutta percha
in a mould may then be affixed by a solution of gutta percha, or a leather heel
may be applied through a gutta percha plate by rivets started therefrom, as
for the uniting of the soles to the uppers.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON HURDLES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hallen Cottam and Henry
Richard Cottam at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd June 1856.
We, GEORGE HALLEN COTTAM and HENRY RICHARD COTTAM, of St. Pancras
Iron Works, Old St. Pancras Road, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON HURDLES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of
hurdles; for which purpose the horizontal rods or bars are formed with collars
(which, in putting the parts of a hurdle together,) come against the uprights.
and give stability to the hurdle when finished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING MACHINERY
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Adams at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April 1856.
I, JOHN ADAMS, of 11, Grosvenor Street, Belgrave Gate, Leicester, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in knitting machinery. For
this purpose the bent part or beard of each of the needles (in place of being a
point in the ordinary form) is itself bent into a hook; the thread carrier is
caused to lay its thread on to the stems of the needles after the work has been
brought forward and is on the beards of the needles, the newly-laid thread
will therefore be behind the work. Before the work is brought back on to
the stems of the needles the loops of the newly laid thread are passed under
the beards of the needles, the work is then moved back off the beards on to
the stems of the needles; and to prevent the new loops going back with the
work, the hooks (before mentioned at the points of the beards) come into
action and hold the new loops; hence the pushing back of the work off the
beards on to the stems of the needles causes the new loops to be drawn
through the work, and consequently the work is reversed whilst the course is
being worked on the frame needles. To facilitate this mode of working, the
frame needles are each made with a double stem, one of which is capable of

page_text: opening away at its outer end from the other stem, in order to allow of the
ordinary "machine" points coming up between the double-stemmed needles
to take the new loops, and to carry the work away from the frame needles by
simply receding, the beards of the frame needles being suitably pressed down
when the work is passing over the heads of the needles. It should, however,
be stated that the making of the frame needles with double stems is not new.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BENDING, EDGING, AND SOLDERING TIN
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd January 1856.
-A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BENDING, EDGING, AND SOLDERING TIN," com-
municated to me by M. Blanchefort, of Briey, France, to be as follows:-
It is obvious that for many purposes, such as guttering or tubing, it would
be advisable to use tin in larger sheets than are now made; the principal
cause of their smallness of area is the difficulty of bending or edging the metal
in a regular manner. By the use of a simple machine, made as follows, this
difficulty will be obviated, and tin of a yard long may be bent or edged as
desired :-
I propose to employ two wooden cylinders, mounted horizontally, the one
above the other; between these cylinders a space the thickness of a sheet of
tin is left to allow of its being arched on one of the cylinders, and partly
embedded therein is a band of sheet iron, presenting a curvature between it
and the cylinder, so that the edge of the sheet of tin can slide under it the
whole of its length; these being in position, the cylinder is turned by a handle,

page_text: the tin rolls on, and its edge..takes the form of the curved iron. To solder
this sheet it is proposed to slide a wooden mandril between an iron rule and
the cylinder; the iron rule serves to press the tin against the mandril by means
of a ring to be passed over the end of the rule which is bevilled. In this
manner the two edges to be soldered are easily nipped or pressed together, and
the soldering is easily effected. To form the roll or sausage on the tin used
for gutters, I propose to fix on a plank pins (having eyes thereon) at 3 feet
3 inches distance from each other; these serve to support an iron rod, grooved
in its whole length, so as to allow the edge of a sheet of tin to enter a sufficient
depth in its entire length; between the two pins is to be fixed a plate of sheet
iron much bent in its lower edge. The two pins are to be driven sufficiently
into the plank so as to allow only space between the rod and the sheet iron for a
sheet of tin. A sheet of tin being presented to the rod, and its edge inserted
into one of the grooves, is bent over the iron, and finding itself stopped by the
curvature of the iron, is forced to roll over the rod which is to be withdrawn
after one turn, and so the roll or sausage is formed on the tin plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORDNANCE, AND OTHER VESSELS, INTENDED TO RESIST INTERNAL PRESSURE, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE AND METHOD OF DISCHARGING PROJECTILES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Atkinson Longridge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th January 1856.
I, JAMES ATKINSON LONGRIDGE, of Fludyer Street, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORDNANCE, AND OTHER VESSELS,
INTENDED TO RESIST INTERNAL PRESSURE, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE AND METHOD
OF DISCHARGING PROJECTILES, to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the construction of ordnance, and other
chambers, intended to resist great internal pressure, refers,-
First, to improvements in the construction of that particular form of gun or
cylinder formed by means of metallic wires coiled upon cores or cylinders in
one or more parts, and consists in a particular method of laying on the suc-
cessive coils of wire in such manner that the tension or strain upon each coil,
when laid on, shall increase in a certain definite relation with the distance of.
the coil from the centre of the gun or vessel, so that when the gun or vessel
is strained to its extreme limit of resistance, each coil will be subjected to the
same, or nearly to the same strain, and also the mechanism by which this is
accomplished.
Secondly, my improvement in ordnance refers to a method or methods of
attaching the trunnions to the piece of ordnance, so that the recoil of the same,

page_text: when fired, is transmitted through an elastic or yielding substance to the
trunnions, so as to deaden and reduce the destructive effect thereof.
Thirdly, another improvement consists in a method or methods of fixing the
trunnions to the piece of ordnance by means of a wrought-iron or steel strap
or bridle, and connected with the trunnions, or fixed solid thereon, and passing
down the sides of the piece and round the breech thereof, and also to a method
of attaching the trunnions by means of an external metallic shell, in which the
inner tube or gun is to be fixed.
Fourthly, another improvement consists in the application of an elastic or
yielding substance or substances within the barrel of the piece of ordnance
behind the charge, so as to diminish or avoid the injurious effect of the
discharge.
Fifthly, another improvement consists in an arrangement, whereby after a
piece of ordnance or gun is. loaded, a state of rarefication of the barrel between
the charge and the muzzle is produced, so as to diminish the resistance to
the motion of the projectile..
My improvements in the manufacture and discharge of projectiles consists
in discharging rockets from guns or mortars, made às herein-before described,
by a charge of powder other than that contained in the rocket, and so con-
structing the rocket that its own combustion shall only come into action as a
propelling force when the rocket shall have proceeded some considerable
distance from the point from whence it has been fired; such rockets may or
may not be made with an explosive head of the nature of a shell.
A TAP FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Earp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th November
·1856.
I, THOMAS EARP, of Newark-on-Trent, in the County of Nottingham,.
Representative of Maltster and Wine Merchant, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A TAP FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This tap I consider principally adapted for measuring spirits and other
liquors in small quantities; and I construct it with a hollow cylindrical plug of
rather a large diameter; in extension of and in communication with the plug
I place the receiver or vessel, which, with the capacity of the plug, forms the
measure for the liquid. At the top of the measure chamber a valve is placed
for the inlet and egress of air, but which is closed by a float when the vessel is
full of liquid. The plug is ground and fitted to its seat in the usual manner,
but has three openings, one of which communicates with the source of supply,
the others are placed, as required, in communication with the egress apperture
or nose of the tap. When the plug is turned to place the ingress apperture
in communication with the source of supply, the measuring chamber fills and
closes the valve at top. The two egress appertures are intended for drawing-
off either the whole or only a part of the contents, but nevertheless to measure
the quantity drawn off. For this purpose one of the egress appertures is

page_text: furnished with a stand pipe, which rises, say, half-way up the measure of
capacity, the escape apperture being at the top. If it is desired to measure
and draw off half the quantity contained in the measure, that escape apperturo
is turned to tho nose of the tap. If, on the other hand, the whole quantity
contained is required to be drawn off, the other escape opening is placed
in communication with the nose of the tap, and the quantity determined
accordingly. The appertures are of course so disposed that the inlet apperture
is cut off when either of the others are open.
The measure chamber serves as a handle for the tap, being of considerable
diameter; no other handle is necessary, and it may be rendered of ornamental
form, or otherwise more or less ornamented, when required. A separate handle
may of course be supplied if circumstances render its application requisite.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING BUTTER
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clyburn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th December
1856.
J, WILLIAM CLYBURN, of Lombard Street, in the City of London, Merchant's
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR MAKING BUTTER," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved machinery for making butter consists in the
employment of a rotating agitator or beater in combination with certain
stationary arms, which, being fixed to the vessel containing the cream to be
churned, will prevent the latter from being carried round by the rotating
agitator or beater.
The rotating agitator or beater consists of a spindle or shaft (which, if
required, may be made hollow, to allow of the introduction of hot or cold
water, as may be desired), and which is provided with any convenient number
of radiating arms fixed at right angles to the line of the shaft, and arranged in
such a manner, that when rotating they will pass between sets of stationary
arms fixed to and extending inwards from the sides of the churning vessel,
which may be made of wood, metal, glass, earthenware, or any other suitable
material.
Rotary motion is communicated to the agitator or beater shaft by means of

page_text: toothed gearing, or by bands and pullies; the latter mode being preferred, as it
is desirable to drive the agitator or beater shaft with considerable rapidity.
If required, the churning vessel may be surrounded with an outer casing,
which being hollow may be supplied with lot or cold water as may be
desired; or the churning vessel, if made of earthenware, glass, or metal, may
be suspended in a bath of water, so as to regulate the temperature of the
cream according to the season of the year.
A NEW OR. IMPROVED METHOD OF WORKING BRAKES FOR STOPPING MACHINERY USED FOR RAISING COALS AND MINERALS, AND FOR STOPPING STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Colonel Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1856.
I, CHARLES COLONEL SMITH, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Innkeeper, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A NEW OR.
IMPROVED METHOD OF WORKING BRAKES FOR STOPPING MACHINERY USED FOR RAISING
COALS AND MINERALS, AND FOR STOPPING STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of the method, herein-after explained, of applying
the weight, by which brakes are worked, in a gradual or progessive manner,
In the
instead of applying the same suddenly, as is commonly practised.
ordinary colliery brake, two or four semicircular clips are made to grasp a
wheel or pulley on the shaft of the machinery. The said clips are brought
into action by a lever, and the said lever is worked by a screw or a weight.
The use of a screw is objectionable, as it requires the person in charge of the
engine to work it for several seconds or longer in the presence of danger; and
the use of a weight, as ordinarily used, is objectionable, because, although it
may be brought into operation by a momentary act on the part of the atten-
dant, the sudden check given to the moving machinery may itself be the cause
of accident.

page_text: My Invention consists in applying the weight to the lever working the
brake in the following manner:-At the end of the long arm of the lever a
vessel or cistern is hung, and over the said vessel a reservoir of water is placed,
or a pipe from a distant reservoir or boiler opens into the said vessel; a valve
or cock opens and closes the reservoir. When the attendant at the engine sees
danger, by a momentary act he opens the valve or cock and lets water into the
vessel hung on the lever. The vessel, as it fills, depresses the lever with a
gradually increasing force, and brings the machinery to rest without shock.
Should the attendant run away, after having opened the valve, the working of
the brake goes on. The taking off of the brake is effected by letting the water
out of the vessel on the lever, and the return motion of the lever may be
effected by a balance weight, or it may be raised by hand and supported on a
support, withdrawn at the same time (and by the same act) as the opening of
the reservoir valve. Although I prefer to use water in carrying my Invention
into effect, yet other liquids, or even solids, such as shot or sand, may be
employed, with the same or nearly the same effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE- PARING COAL FOR BURNING, AND IN THE FURNACES EMPLOYED IN CONSUMING SUCH COAL
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Mathieu Maurice de Bergevin, of 27, Rue
Labat, Montmartre, Paris, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE-
PARING COAL FOR BURNING, AND IN THE FURNACES EMPLOYED IN CONSUMING
SUCH COAL."
Sealed the 29th July 1856, and dated the 29th January 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Mathieu Maurice
de Bergevin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 29th January 1856.
I, AUGUSTE MATHIEU MAURICE DE BERGEVIN, of 27, Rue Labat, Mont-
martre, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREPARING COAL POR BURNING, AND IN THE FURNACES EMPLOYED IN
CONSUMING SUCH COAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in preparing coal for burning, and in the furnaces
employed for consuming such coal. For these purposes the coal is first coated
with a combination of bicarbonate of soda and nitrate of potash, or other salts,
of an alkali or alkaline earth in solution, in which lime is mixed, so as to pro-
duce a cream-like mixture, into which the coal is placed, so as to obtain a
coating all over each piece. The coal is then dried by natural or artificial
This prepared fuel is suitable for burning in locomotive, marine, and

page_text: other steam boiler furnaces, and also in other furnaces and fire-places, and also
for refining iron. In constructing furnaces for consuming such coal, it is
found desirable to arrange them in such manner that numerous streams of
air may pass in at the sides and front of each furnace or fire-place, and it is
also desirable to have two sets of fire bars, one above the other, the upper
fire bars presenting a larger area than the lower fire bars.
sets of fire bars numerous streams of air are introduced.
may be burned without giving off smoke.
Between the two
By these means coal
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF COLOURINGS, TANNING, AND SACCHARINE MATTERS FROM VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jean Jules Varillat at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th April 1856.
I, WILLIAM JEAN JULES VARILLAT, of Rouen, in the Empire of France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF COLOURINGS, TANNING, AND SACCHARINE MATTERS
FROM VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an apparatus formed by a number of cylindrical
vessels, according to the nature of the matter to be extracted; these cylinders
are made to communicate with each other by means of cocks placed at the
top and bottom; the lower ones are placed beneath a double bottom with
trellice work, and the upper ones above other trellice work, which rests on the
matter to be treated, which is placed in each cylinder in such wise as to allow
the liquids to filter through. The cylinders are placed on a turning platform,
so that each time one of the cylinders is emptied or filled the cylinder may be
placed in a right position. Instead of a turning plate or platform, which is
only used for convenience sake, the cylinders may be placed in a straight line
or in a square. The object of this apparatus is to obtain a regular displace-
ment with progressive heat. Thus, when the apparatus is at work, the matter
to be extracted is placed in the empty cylinder, and the water, which in
passing through three other vats has imbibed the extractable principles and
lost a part of its chorloric, filters into the cylinder charged with fresh matters,

page_text: dissolves at irrelitively low temperature the soluble matters in heating the
mass; this mass of matters, after having received the filtration of a certain
quantity of liquid which is gathered outside, is then classed in the second rank
of filtration, after a rotation has been made by the turning platform, and its
communication is made with the new matter from the cylinder which succeeds
it in the order of extraction, with fresh matters till it arrives at N, first
cylindrical vessel, where it is thrown outside. It is easy to understand, first,
that the heat is increased as the cylinder is moved; second, that the flow of
the liquid is also interverted at each change that takes place, by reason of the
mass to be abstracted. Thus the cylinder charged with fresh matter receives
the liquid from below, while in the next operation it receives it from above.
The filtration is performed by the difference of level of the liquid from one
cylinder to the other.