IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLINDS AND SHUTTERS
Year: 1844

page_text: QUINCEY'S SPECIFICATION, AND DISCLAIMER AND
MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION.
SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Jonn
HARCOURT QUINCEY, of Old Street, City Road, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her.
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-seventh day of September, in the eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Harcourt Quincey, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said John Harcourt Quincey, my exors, adñiors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Harcourt Quincey, my exors,
adiiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from timo
to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BLINDS AND SHUTTERS;" in which said Letters Patent is
coutained a proviso that I, the said John Harcourt Quincey, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Harcourt Quincey, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being bad to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention relates,-
First, to improvements in the construction of roller, blinds or shutters
made of metal.
Secondly, my Invention relates to improvements in the construction of
venetian blinds by applying perforated laths whether of metal or of wood, in
place of unperforated wooden laths, and by applying pulleys or rollers of glass,
china, or earthenware to such blinds.
Thirdly, my Invention relates to the manufacture of those description of
blinds the laths of which turn on axes.
Fourthly, my Invention relates to apparatus for opening and closing folding
shutters, and in constructing folding shutters.
Fifthly, my Invention relates to a mode of constructing sliding metal
shutters. And,
Sixthly, my Invention relates to improvements in constructing perforated
blinds or shutters.
And in order that the Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me in
performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a front view of a roller blind or shutter made of metal;
Figure 2 shews a section thereof; and Figure 3 is a back view and an edge
view thereof. These Drawings show the roller blind or shutter applied to
a window; but it will be evident that the same may be applied to other
openings. This description of blind or shutter is made of a series of strips
of metal, joined together by means of suitable hinges; and the improvements
in these description of blinds or shutters have for their object the applying
better constructions of binges to combine the parts; and further these
improvements have for their object the using bent strips or plates of
metal in place of flat strips or plates, as heretofore practised, by which
means I am enabled to get greater strength and stiffness; and a further
improvement in this description of blind or shutters consists in the
use of perforated plates of metal in place of solid strips or plates, by
which means light may be admitted through the blinds or shutters; and

page_text: another improvement in this description of blinds or shutters consists of
combining different widths of strips of metal in the same blind or shutter,
commencing with the narrowest near the roller; and another improvement
consists in applying supporting chains and axes to the ends of the strips of
metal of which such blinds or shutters are composed. Figure 4 shows a
back view of parts of a blind or shutter; Figure 5 shows a section through
the hinges by which the plates or strips are joined together; Figure 6 shows
a front view of part of the same shutter or blind; and Figure 7 shows part
of the chain applied to the ends of the strips or narrow plates of metal of
which a blind or shutter is composed.
In the various Figures above mentioned, the same letters are used to indi-
cate similar parts. a, a, show the strips or narrow plates of which the blinds
or shutter is composed, the narrowest strips being at the upper part, by which
means a greater length of blind or shutter can be wound into the same
diameter. The strips or narrow plates of metal are hinged together by
means of bent plates 6, which embrace the axis c, the two ends of the axis c
being fixed to a plate a by rivits, as is shown, and the bent plates 6 are fixed
to another strip or narrow plate by rivits, as is shown, the strips or narrow
plates of metal overlapping, so as to make the blind, or shutter close when
down. The section of the plates show that the strips or plates a are each
concave on one side, and convex on the other, by which a considerable degree
of stiffness will be given to the plates or strips, and greater strength to the
blind or shutter, when using a given thickness of metal. Figure 8 shows a
back view, and Figure 9 a section, of another means of attaching the strips
or narrow plates of metal. In this case cach bent plate of metal b', in addition
to embracing one of the axes c', in order to form a hinge joint for two
neighbouring strips or narrow plates of metal, also has shut between it the
ends of the axis c¹ of another binge joint, the axis c¹ being bent as shown,
and then flattened so as to be shut between the folded surfaces of the plates
b, as is shown. It will be seen by the Drawings that the end a' of the
laths a are rounded, as thereby their tendency to catch one against another
is prevented. Figure 10 shows part of the end of the lower bar of a roller
blind or shutter, in order to point out how the friction rollers at the ends of
this bar work in the end grooves d, fixed on either side of a window or other
opening where these shutter or blinds are applied; and I prefer to make such
grooves d by means of two angle irons and a flat plate, as shown at Figures
11 and 12, or of two angle irons, as shown at Figures 13 and 14. On each
end of each of the strips or plates a is fixed an axis or neck e; and f, g, form
the links of a chain, which links are connected together by means of the

page_text: necks e and the pin joints at h, as is shown, by which the weight of the
shutter is to a considerable extent removed from the hinge joints which
connect the plates or strips a. I prefer to raise these description of shutters
by means of an endless chain, as is shown at Figure 3, i being the endless
chain which passes over a wheel j, fixed on one end of the axis or roller on
which the blind or shutter is wound, the other end passing round a wheel k,
which receives motion by means of a screw, taking into a screw wheel on
the same axis as the wheel k, or other means may be resorted to for raising
and lowering my improved blinds or shutters; and when I wish to obtain
light through such description of roller blinds or shutters, I employ several
or if desired the whole of the strips or narrow plates of metal, perforated
with numerous small holes, which will not materially interfere with the
strength of the shutters or blinds. And Figure 15 shows part of a back view
of a blind or shutter made of perforated metal; and in order to obtain lightness
I use very thin metal bound round at the edges with metal, as is shown in
this case. The edges of the neighbouring strips do not overlap, and I solder
or rivet the hinges to the plates or strips, as is shown. The strips or plates
a, a, may be either flat or bent so as to obtain stiffness, as before shown and
explained; and although I prefer the bending of the strips for blinds before
described to be such as is shown in section in the previous Figures (at Fig. 5),
I do not confine myself thereto, as the bending may be varied. Figure 16
shows part of a back view and vertical section of apparatus for raising such
descriptions of blinds or shutters. is the roller on which the blind or
shutter is to be rolled; m is a pulley fixed thereon; n, an axis on which is
affixed the pulley o; and motion is to be communicated from the pulley o to
the pulley m by means of an endless strap, band, cord, or chain, and motion
is given to the axis n by means of the screw p taking into the screw wheel
on the axis n, and motion is given to the axis p by means of a suitable key
or handle. 9, 9, are guide rollers to guide the blind or shutter in winding or
unwinding. I would remark, that although I have only shown the roller
blinds made according to my Invention as being arranged for winding upwards,
it will be evident that the improvements are equally applicable to roller blinds
which move in other directions.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention, which relates to improve-
ments in making venetian blinds. Figure: 17 shows a front view; Figure 18
an edge view; Figure 19 a plan of the upper lath or frame of wood; and
Figure 20 shows one of the perforated plates or laths of which the blind is
composed when metal is used, and the metal laths may be flat or bent, according
as it is desired to obtain more or less stiffness. The metal I prefer to use

page_text: is thin sheet zinc perforated with numerous small holes, according to any
desired pattern or device; at the same time I do not confine myseif to the
use of zinc, and I strengthen such metal laths by binding the edges thereof, as
is shown. The construction of the blind is similar in other respects to those
heretofore made in wood, and the Drawing shows the same sufficiently for a
workman fully to understand the same, and the only difference with respect
to the laths when of wood is that I perforate the same to any suitable device.
The pulleys q, q', are to be made of glass, china, or carthenware, which will
be found better than metal for such blinds. I would at the same time remark
that I do not claim the making of pulleys of glass, china, or carthenware,
but only their application in the making of this description of blinds, whether
they be of wood or metal.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention, which relates to improve-
ments in those descriptions of blinds the laths of which move on axes; and
this part of my Invention consists in applying perforated metal for the laths,
and also in applying glass, carthenware, or porcelain as the laths for such.
blinds, and also in applying glass combined with perforated metal in making:
the laths of such blinds. Figure 21 shows a front view and vertical section of
a window blind the laths (which may be vertical, as shown, or horizontal,) of
which move on axes; and the only difference in the manufacture of this blind
from that ordinarily pursued is, that when I use glass, carthenware, or porce-
lain for the laths, instead of springing the same into their bearings, I first
introduce the upper axes of each lath successively into their bearings, which
are of the ordinary description, and then pass the lower axis of each lath into
a piece of wood or metal, and when the whole of the laths have been secured.
at the upper ends in their bearings, and by their lower ends in the piece, that
piece is slided into its place, and secured by screws', ', as shown, or other-
wise. When metal laths are used the blinds are made, with the exception of
the material of which the laths are composed, precisely similar to those hereto-.
fore made of wood. It will not therefore be necessary to describe the same,
but confine myself to the mode of constructing the laths to be used. Figure
22 shows part of a front view, a transverse section, and a longitudinal section
of a lath, the central portion of which is of glass, which may be of ground
glass or colored glass, and the glass is placed in a frame of metal, as is shown,
and axes or necks are to be applied to the ends of these laths similar to those
heretofore applied to wood laths. I would, however, remark, that although I
have described the glass laths as being enclosed in a metal frame; when stout.
glass is used the side frames may be dispensed with, the end ones only being
required to carry the axes on which the laths turn; and the same remark will

page_text: apply when earthenware or porcelain is used. Figure 23 shows a front view
and transverse section of a lath made with perforated metal. The pattern of
the perforation may be made according to taste; and I prefer to use thin sheet
zinc, though other metal may be used, and the perforated metal may be flat, or
bent or curved, to obtain greater stiffness, as before described in respect to the
parts of roller metal blinds or shutters. The edges of the lath, Figure 23, are
bound round with metal, as shown in the Drawing. Figure 24 shows a lath
composed of perforated metal and glass, bound together at the edges by a
frame of metal, as shown, 7, 7, being two plates of glass, and sa plate of
perforated metal; and here again various colored glasses may be employed,
producing very beautiful effects. Figure 25 shows another lath of perforated
wood; Figure 26 shows an ordinary construction of carriage blind; and
Figure 27 part of one of the laths. The construction of this description of
blind being well understood, it will not be necessary to describe the same;"
and as the only difference is the mode of making the laths of perforated metal,
or wood, or of glass, carthenware, or porcelain, it will only be necessary to
describe the mode of making such laths. The laths shown are of glass; in
frames of metal, having axes or necks at t, t; but in place of glass, perforated
metal may be used, made in like manner to those just described; and when
earthenware or porcelain is employed, the metallic edges may be dispensed
with, and the necessary lapping over may be produced on those substances, the
end frames being retained to carry the axes.
I will now describe the fourth part of my Invention, which relates to a
mode of opening and closing folding shutters, and also in the manner of
making folding shutters. Figure 28 shows a front view and horizontal section
of a folding shutter, having my improvements applied thereto, one of the
improvements consisting of the means of opening and closing such shutters.
The separate parts of this apparatus are shown at Figure 29.
v, v, is the
shutter, and u the upper axis or neck on which it turns. w is the lower axis
on which the shutter turns. On this axis is affixed the screw wheel a, and
motion is communicated to the axis w by means of the screw y on the axis y',
which is formed square at the end for receiving a key. Hence, a person may
readily open or close such folding shutters from the inside without the necessity
of opening the window. The separate parts shown at Figure 29 are full size
for those ordinarily used, but the sizes may be varied. 'Another improvement
in this description of shutters is the using laths (either fixed in frames or
moveable on axes) made of glass, earthenware, or porcelain, or of perforated
metal or perforated wood plates. Figure 30 shows part of a front view and
also of a vertical section of the shutter on a 'full sized scale, Figure 31 showing

page_text: the metal holders of the laths, by which they are fixed in the framic of the
shutter. The laths of glass are fixed in the frames ', as shown, or the
frames= inay be formed on all sides of the glass laths, and colored or ground
glass may be used for these purposes; and these shutters, in addition to acting
to modify the light passing through a window, may also be used as heretofore
for ventilation when the window is open. In place of using glass, earthenware,
or porcelain, perforated metal plates or perforated wood may be employed as
the laths. Figure 32 shows a lath of perforated metal; and in place of the
laths being fixed they may be made to open or close by means of axes, as
shown at Figure 33, where a front view and a vertical section of part of a
shutter, showing part of one of the lathis on axes, and Figure 34 shows the end
frames which receives the laths. In this case the laths are mounted on axes
in a similar manner to those of window blinds herein-before described,
excepting that the laths are horizontal in place of vertical; all which is well
understood by workmen accustomed to make such descriptions of blinds.
I will now described the fifth part of my Invention, which relates to the
construction of sliding metal shutters. Figure 35 shows a front view.
Figure 36 shows a vertical section. These descriptions of shutters may be made
of any number of parts. The one shewn is in four parts a, b, c, d. These are
raised and lowered between the guides e, e. To the part a is formed or affixed
the bar a', to which is secured the ends of chain wire, cord, or other suitable
flexible means f, by which the part a is raised. 9 is an axis to which motion
is given by means of the worm wheel i, taking into the toothed wheel ; on the
axis g, on which are the drums k, k, on which the chain or other raising means
fis wound in raising the shutters. In the part a are formed slots or openings
a², the nature of which will be best understood by reference to Figure 37,
which represents a section of one of the parts. The slots a³ receive projections
bfrom the parts of the shutters b, and there are similar slots or openings in
the parts of the shutters 6 and d, receiving the projections c' and c² on the part
of the shutters c; and it will readily be understood that when the part a of the
shutters is raised so that the ends of the slots a come against the projections
,, that the parts of the shutters will be raised, and such will be the case
with respect to the other parts c and d. The nature of the projection which
takes into these slotted openings will be best seen by reference to Figure 38,
where one of these projections is shown full size; and it will be seen by
reference to the Drawings that on each of the parts a, b, c, d, d', are projec-
tions from the part d, sliding in 'slots e. To prevent the parts of the shutter
being raised too high,
there are projecting edges 6 which slide against the
inner edges of the guides e, e; and it is the forming of these projecting edges
to this description of shutter, such projecting edges sliding in suitable grooves,

page_text: that constitutes one of the peculiarities of this part of my Invention. When
it is required to admit light through the shutters, I do so by more or less per-
forating one of the parts a, b, c, d. Figure 39 shows one of the parts of my
shutter separately; Figure 40 shows a section of the parts a, b, c, d, as they
would appear when lowered; and Figure 41 a plan of the same.
I will now describe the sixth part of my Invention, which has for its object
the construction of perforated metal. In making perforated metal blinds in
frames as heretofore practised, they consist of a flat sheet or sheets of per-
forated metal. Now, according to this part of my Invention, it consists of
making them with corrugated or undulated surfaces, in order to obtain stiff-
ness; and I prefer to make such shutters of a number of narrow laths or strips
of perforated metal, which I curve or bend, and then I place such curved or
bent strips or laths into frames, so that they come edge to edge, as is shown at
Figures 42 and 43, where part of a window blind is shown, made according to
this part of my Invention. The edges of the strips or plates being soldered,
or plates being perforated, they may be corrugated so as to form blinds, each in
one piece.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means I
am acquainted with for performing the same, I would have it understood that
I do not confine myself to the precise details herein shown and described, so
long as the peculiar character of either part of my Invention be retained. But
what I claim is,―
First, the mode of combining the strips or narrow plates a, a, of roller metal
blinds or shutters, by means of the parts b, c, as above described. And I also
claim the mode of combining the strips or narrow plates a, a, of roller metal
blinds or shutters, by means of the parts b', c', as above described. And I also
claim the use of bent strips or narrow plates of metal in making roller metal
blinds, in order to obtain greater stiffness and strength. And I also claim the
use of perforated plates in the making of roller metal blinds or shutters. And
I also claim the combining different widths of strips or narrow plates in con-
structing roller metal blinds or shutters, as herein described. And I also
claim the application of the axes e, combined with supporting chains, to the
ends of the strips or narrow plates a of roller metal shutters or blinds, as above
described. And I also claim the modes of raising roller metal blinds or
shutters by means of a band, cord, strap, or chain, combined with the use of
a screw and screw wheel, as herein described.
Secondly, I claim the mode of making venetian blinds with perforated laths,
whether of metal or wood. And I also claim the application of pulleys of
glass, china, or earthenware in the making of venetian blinds.
:
Thirdly, I claim the mode of making blinds the laths of which turn on axes,

page_text: by applying glass, earthenware, or porcelain, perforated metal, or perforated
wood, as described in respect to Figures 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27.
Fourthly, I claim the mode of arranging apparatus for opening and closing
folding shutters, and also the application of glass, earthenware, or porcelain, or
perforated metal, or perforated wood, to form the laths of shutters of the
description described in respect to Figures 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, and 34.
Fifthly, I claim the mode of making sliding metal shutters as described in
respect to Figures 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, and 41.
And sixthly, I claim the making perforated metal blinds with corrugated or
undulated surfaces, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joha Harcourt Quincey, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of March, in the year of
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-seventh day of March,
in the year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid John Harcourt Quincey came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute mado for that purpose.

page_text: DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed
to be entered by the said John Harcourt Quincey with the Clerk of the
Patents of England, pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth and sixth years
of the reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, entitled "An
Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
I, the said John Harcourt Quincey, in the said Specification did describe
the Invention to consist of six parts. And since the enrolment thereof I have
found that the second part of my Invention was not new at the date of my
said Letters Patent, for which reason I wish to disclaim and I do hereby
disclaim all parts of my said Specification which relates thereto. And I have
also found that the third part of my Invention is not of such value as to
induce me to retain it in my said Specification, for which reason I wish to
disclaim and I do hereby disclaim all parts of the said Specification which
relates thereto. And in respect to the first part of my Invention I have
discovered that the use of the perforated metal plates, and the use of strips
or narrow plates of different widths when making roller metal blinds was not,
at the date of my said Letters Patent, new, for which reason I wish to dis-
claim and I do hereby disclaim all parts of the Specification which go to
make any claim thereto. And further, in respect to the said first part of my
Invention, I have not found it necessary to use the chain f, g, h, for which
reason I wish to disclaim and I do hereby disclaim all parts of the Specifi-
cation which go to claim the same. And further, in respect to the use of a
strap, band, or cord, combined with the use of a screw, I have found that the
same is not in itself of that importance as to induce me to retain any claim
thereto, for which reason I wish to disclaim and I do hereby disclaim all parts
of the said Specification which go to claim the same; and I have left in
the description of these matters in the first part of my said Specification

page_text: because they are inixed up with other matters, and they will enable a workman
to use them, if he think fit, when carrying out so much of the first part of my
Invention as still remains claimed. And further, in respect to the first part
of my Invention, I bave introduced such alterations in the said Specification
as will make the nature and extent of the Invention which still remains
claimed more clear. And in respect to the fourth part of my Invention
I have found that the mode of constructing folding shutters described is not
of such importance as to induce me to retain any claim thereto, for which
reason I wish to disclaim and I do hereby disclaim all parts of the Specifica-
tion which relate thereto. And in respect to the fifth part of my Invention,
as described in the said Specification, I have some doubts whether the claiming
clause may not be read to claim more extensively than was intended, for
which reason I wish to alter and do hereby alter the fifth claiming clause,
by introducing after the word "shutters" the words "so far as the bent or
turned ends," with a view to confine the fifth part of the Invention to that
mode of making sliding metal shutters. And in order that the effect of this
Disclaimer and Alteration may be understood I have hereunto attached a copy
of my said Specification (excepting the Drawings), in which the parts ruled
through with red ink are those which are disclaimed; and the alterations
now made are written in with red ink. And this copy of the Specification so'
altered is to be taken as part of this my Disclaimer and Alteration.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Harcourt Quincey, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of September, in the year
of our Lol One thousand oight hundred and forty civ

page_text: Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLINDS AND SHUTTERS;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said John Harcourt Quincey,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as
in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Harcourt Quincey, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:
My invention relates,-
First, to improvements in the construction of roller blinds or shutters made
of metal.
Secondly, my Invention relates to improvements in the construction of venetian
blinds by applying-perforated laths, whether of metal or of wood, in-place-of-unper
forated wooden laths, and by applying pullies or rollers of glass, china, or earthen-
ware to such blinds.
Thirdly, my Invention relates to the manufacture of those description of blinds
the laths of which turn on axes.
Fourthly, my Invention relates to apparatus for opening and closing folding
shutters, and-in-constructing folding shutters.
Fifthly Thirdly, my Invention relates to a mode of constructing sliding
metal shutters. And,
Sixthly Fourthly, my Invention relates to improvements in constructing
perforated blinds or-shutters.
And in order that the Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the meaus pursued by me in
performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a front view of a roller blind or shutter made of metal; ;
Figure 2 shows a section thereof; and Figure 3 is a back view and an edge
view thereof. These Drawings show the roller blind or shutter applied to a
window; but it will be evident that the same may be applied to other openings.

page_text: This description of blind or shutter is made of a series of strips of metal
joined together by means of suitable hinges; and the improvements in these
descriptions of blinds or shutters have for their object the applying better-
Teonstructions of hinges-to-combine the-parts-;-and-further, these improvements have
for their object the using bent strips or plates of metal in place of flat strips
or plates, as heretofore practised, by which means I am enabled to get greater
strength and stiffness; and a further improvement in this description of blinds-of
shutters consists in the use of perforated plates of metal in place-of-solid-strips-or
plates, by which means light may be admitted through the blinds or shutters-;
and-another-improvement in this deseription of blinds or shutters-consists-of-com-
bining different widths of strips of metal in the same blind or shutter, commencing
with the narrowest near-the-roller; and another improvement-consists-in-applying
supporting chains and axes to the ends of the strips of metal of which such blinds
or shutters are composed. Figure 4 shows a back view of parts of a blind or
shutter; Figure 5 shows a section through the hinges by which the plates or
strips are joined together; Figure 6 shows a front view of part of the same
shutter or blind; and Figure 7 shows part of the chain applied to the ends of
the strips or narrow plates of metal of which a blind or shutter is composed.
In the various Figures above mentioned, the same letters are used to indicate
similar parts.
a, a, show the strips or narrow plates of which the blind or
shutter is composed, the narrowest strips being at the upper part, by which
means a greater length of blind or shutter can be wound into the same
diameter. The strips or narrow plates of metal are hinged together by means
of bent plates b, which embrace the axis c, the two ends of the axis c being
fixed to a plate a by rivets, as is shown, and the bent plates bare fixed to
another strip or narrow plate by rivets, as is shewn, the strips or narrow plates
of metal overlapping so as to make the blind or shutter close when down.
The section of the plates show that the strips or plates a are cach concave on
one side and convex on the other, by which a considerable degree of stiffness
will be given to the plates or strips, and greater strength to the blind or
shutter, when using a given thickness of metal. And it is the making of roller
blinds or shutters of laths of metal bent in a convex form in the manner shewn,
combined together by metal hinges, which constitutes the peculiar character of the
first part of the Invention. Figure 8 shows a back view, and Figure 9 a
section, of another means of attaching the strips or narrow plates of metal. In
this case each bent plate of metal 6', in addition to embracing one of the
axes c', in order to form a hinge joint for two neighbouring strips or narrow
plates of metal, also has shut between it the ends of the axis c¹ of another

page_text: hinge joint, the axis c' being bent as shewn, and then flattened so as to be shut
between the folded surfaces of the plates 6', as is shown. It will be seen by
the Drawings that the end a¹ of the laths a are rounded, as thereby their
tendency to catch one against another is prevented. Figure 10 shows part
of the end of the lower bar of a roller blind or shutter, in order to point out
how the friction rollers at the ends of this bar work in the end grooves d, fixed
on either side of a window or other opening where these shutters or blinds are
applied; and I prefer to make such grooves d by means of two angle irons
and a flat plate, as shown at Figures 11 and 12, or of two angle irons, as
shown at Figures 13 and 14. On each end of each of the strips or plates a
is fixed an "axis or neck e; and f, g, form the links of a chain, which links are
connected together by means of the necks e and the pin joints at h, as is
shown, by which the weight of the shutter is to a considerable extent removed
from the hinge joints which connect the plates or strips a. I prefer to raise
these descriptions of shutters by means of an endless chain, as is shown at
Figure 3, i being the endless chain which passes over a wheel j, fixed on one
end of the axis or roller on which the blind or shutter is wound, the other
end passing round a wheel k, which receives motion by means of a screw,
taking into a screw wheel on the same axis as the wheel k, or other means
may be resorted to for raising and lowering my improved blinds or shutters;
and when I wish to obtain light through such description of roller blinds or
shutters I employ several or if desired the whole of the strips or narrow
plates of metal perforated with numerous small holes, which will not materially
interfere with the strength of the shutters or blinds. And Figure 15 shows-part
of a back view of a blind or shutter-made-of-perforated-metal-;-and-in-order-to
obtain lightness-I-use-very-thin metal bound round at the edges with metal, as is
shewn. In this ease the edges of the neighbouring strips do not overlap-and-
solder or rivet the hinges to the-plates or strips, as-is-shewn. The strips or plates as as
may be either flat or bent, so as to obtain stiffness, as-before-shewn-and-explained-;
and although I prefer the bending of the strips for blinds before described to be
such as is shewn in section in the previous Figures (at Figure 5), I do not
confine myself thereto, as the bending may be varied, so far as making the
same of a larger or smaller curve. Figure 16 shews part of a back view and
vertical section of apparatus for raising such descriptions of blinds or shutters.
is the roller on which the blind or shutter is to be rolled; m is a pulley fixed
thereon; n, an axis on which is affixed the pulley o; and motion is to be
communicated from the pulley o to the pulley m by means of an endless
strap, band, cord, or chain, and motion is given to the axis n by means

page_text: of the screw p taking into the screw wheel on the axis n, and motion is
given to the axis p by means of a suitable key or handle. 2. 2, are guide
rollers to guide the blind or shutter in winding or unwinding. I would
remark, that although I have only shewn the roller blinds made according
to my Invention as being arranged for winding upwards, it will be evident
that the improvements are equally applicable to roller blinds which move
in other directions. I have been informed that plates of metal have been
bent at their edges so as to hook into each other and made into roller blinds or
shutters; and further, that it has been proposed to make the laths of roller blinds
of plates of corrugated metal combined by strips of leather or india-rubber; and
I mention these in order to state that I do not claim the same.
I will new deseribe-the-second part of my Invention, which-relates-to-improve-
ments in making-venetian blinds. Figure 17-shows a front view-;-Figure +S-an
edge-view.-Figure to n plan-of-the-upper lath or frame-of-wood-;-and-ligure
20 shows one of the perforated plates or laths of which the blind-is-composed when
metal-is-used-and-the-metal-laths-may-be-flat-or-bent, eecording as it is desired
to obtain more-or-less-stiffness. The Inetal-1-prefer-to-use is thin sheet zine
perforated with numerous small holes, according to any desired-pattern or device-;
at the same time I do not confine myself to the use-of-zine;-and-1-strengthen-sueb
metal laths by binding the edges thereof, as is shown. The construction of the
blind is similar-in-other-respects to these heretofore-made-in-wood, and the
Drawing-shews the same sufficiently for a workman-fully to understand the-same,
and the only difference with--respect to the lathe when of wood is, that I-perforate
the same to any suitable device. The pullies q', q', are to be made of glas³,
ehina, or-earthenware, which will be found better than metal for such-blinds.
I would-at-the-same-time remark, that I do not claim the making of pulleys of
glass, china, or earthenware, but only their application-in-the making of this
description of blinds, whether they be of wood or metal.
I will now describe the third-part-of-my Invention, which relates-to-improve-
ments in those descriptions of blinds the lathe of which move on axes;-and-this
part of my Invention consists in-applying-perforated-metal-for-the-laths,-and-also
in applying glass, earthenware, or porcelain, as the laths for such blinds, and also
in applying-glass combined with perforated metal-in making the laths of such
blinds. Figure 21-shews-a front view and vertical section of a window blind the
laths (which may be vertical, as shewn, or horizontal) of which move on axes-;
and the only difference in the manufacture of this blind from that ordinarily
pursued is, that when I use glass, earthenware, or porcelain for the lathe, instead
of springing the-same into their bearings, I first introduce the upper axes of each
lath-successively-into their bearings, which are of the--ordinary descriptions-and

page_text: then pass the tower was of eaen-kim-Io
the whole of the laths have been secured at the upper-ends in their bearings, and
by their lower ends in the piece z, that piece a is slided into its place, and secured
by serews z'z', as shewn, or otherwise. When inetal laths are used the blinds are
made, with the exception of the material of which the laths-are-composed,-pre-
eisely similar to those heretofore-made-of-wood. It will not therefore be necessary
to describe the same, but eenfine myself to the mode of constructing the laths to
be used. Figure go shows part of a front view, a transverse section, and a longi
tudinal section of a lath, the central portion of which is of-glass, which may be of
ground glass-or-colored-glass, and the-glass is placed in a frame of metal,-as-is
shewn, and axes or neeks are to be applied to the ends of these laths similar to
these heretofore-applied to wood laths. I would, however, remark, that although
I have described the glass laths as being enelesed in a metal frame-when-stout
glass is used the side frames may be dispensed with, the end ones only being
required to carry the axes on which the laths turn; and the same-remark will apply
when earthenware or porcelain is used. Figure 23 shows a front view and trans-
verse section of a lath made with perforated metal. The pattern of the perforation
may-be-made-according to taste; and I prefer to use thin sheet zine, though-other
metal may be used, and the perforated metal-may be flat or bent or curved, to
obtain-greater stiffness as before described in respect to the parts of roller-metal
blinds or shutters. The edges of the lath, Figure 23, are bound-round with metal
as shewn-in-the-Drawing. Figure 24-shows a lath composed-of-perforated-metal
and-glass, bound together at the edges by a frame of metal, as shown, F, F, being
two plates of glass, and 6-a-plate-of-perforated-metal; and here again various
-colored glasses may be employed--produeing-very beautiful effects. Figure 25
shows another lath of perforated wood-;-Figure-36-shows-an-ordinary-construction
of earringe-blind; and Figure 27-part of one of the laths. The construction of
this description of blind being well understood, it will not be necessary to de-
seribe the same-;-and as the only difference-is-the-mode of making the lathe of
perforated metal, or wood, or of glass, earthenware,-or-porcelain, it will only be
necessary-to-deseribe-the-mode of making such laths. The laths-shewn-are-of
glass, in frames-of-metal, having axes or necks at t t ; but-in-place of glass-per-
forated-metal-may-be-used-made-in-like-manner-to those just-described-;-and
when-earthenware-or porcelain is employed, the inetallie-edges-may-be dispensed
with, and the necessary lapping over-may-be-produced on those substances, the
end frames being retained to carry the axes.
I will now describe the fourth second part of my Invention, which relates
to a mode of opening and closing folding shutters, and-also-in-the-manner-of
making folding shutters. Figure 28 shows a front view and horizontal section

page_text: of a folding shutter, having my improvements applied thereto, one of the improve-
ments consisting of the means of opening and closing such shutters. The separate
parts of this apparatus are shewn at Figure 29. v, v, is the shutter, and u the
upper axis or neck on which it turns. wis the lower axis on which the shutter
turns. On this axis is affixed the screw wheel a, and motion is communicated to
the axis w by means of the screw y on the axis y', which is formed square at the
end for receiving a key. Hence a person may readily open or close such folding"
shutters from the inside without the necessity of opening the window. The
separate parts shown at Figure 29 are full size for those ordinarily used, but
the sizes may be varied. Another improvement in this description of shutters is
the using of lathe (either fixed in frames or moveable-on-axes)-made of glass,
earthenware, or porcelain, or of perforated metal or perforated wood-plates.
Figure 30 shows part of a front view and also of a vertical section of the chutter
en a-full-sized seale; Figure 31 shewing the-metal-holders of the laths by which
they are fixed in the frame of the shutter. The laths of glass-z-are fixed-in-the
frames-a', as shewn, or the frame a' may be formed on all sides of the glass-laths,
and colored or ground-glass-may be used for these purposes-;--and these shutters,
in addition to acting to modify the light passing through a window, may also be
used as heretofore for ventilation when-the-window-is-open. In place of using
glass, earthenware, or porcelain, perforated metal plates or perforated-wood-may
be employed as the laths. Figure ge shows a lath of perforated-metal-;-and-in
place of the laths being fixed they may be made to open or close by means of aes,
as shown at Figure 33, where a front view and a vertical section of pert-of-a
shutter, showing part of one of the laths on axes, and Figure 34 shows-the-end
frames-which-receive the laths. In this ease the laths are mounted on axes-in-a
similar manner to those of window blinds herein before-described, excepting-that
the lathe-are-horizontal in place of vertical; all which is well understood by work
men accustomed to make such descriptions of blinds.
I will now describe the fifth third part of my Invention, which relates to the
construction of sliding metal shutters. Figure 35 shows a front view. Figure 36
shows a vertical section. These descriptions of shutters may be made of any
number of parts. The one shewn is in four parts a, b, c, d. These are raised
and lowered between the guides e,e. To the part a is formed or affixed the bar
a', to which is secured the ends of chain wire, cord, or other suitable flexible
means, by which the part a is raised. g is an axis to which motion is given by
means of the worm wheel i, taking into the toothed wheel j on the axis g, on
which are the drums k, k, on which the chain or other raising means is wound
in raising the shutters. In the part a are formed slots or openings a², the nature
of which will be best understood by reference to Figure 37, which represents a
B

page_text: section of one of the parts. The slots a receive projections be from the parts
of the shutters b, and there are similar slots or openings in the parts of the
shutters and d, receiving the projections c' and c² on the part of shutters c;
and it will readily be understood that when the part a of the shutters is raised
so that the ends of the slots a come against the projections 62, 62, that the
parts of the shutters will be raised, and such will be the case with respect to
the other parts c and d. The nature of the projection which takes into these
slotted openings will be best seen by reference to Figure 38, where one of
these projections is shown full size; and it will be seen by reference to the Draw-
ings that on each of the parts a, b, c, d, d'are projections from the part d, sliding
in slots e¹. To prevent the parts of the shutters being raised too high, there
are projecting edges 7, which slide against the inner edges of the guides e, e ;
and it is the forming of these projecting edges to this description of shutter,
such projeting edges sliding in suitable grooves, that constitutes one of the
peculiarities of this part of my Invention. When it is required to admit light
through the shutters, I do so by more or less perforating one of the parts a, b, c, d.
Figure 39 shews one of the parts of my shutter separately. Figure 40 shows
a section of the parts a, b, c, d, as they would appear when lowered; and
Figure 41 a plan of the same.
I will now describe the sixth fourth part of my Invention, which has for
its object the construction of perforated metal blinds. In making perforated
metal blinds in frames, as heretofore practised, they consist of a flat sheet or
sheets of perforated metal. Now, according to this part of my Invention, it
consists of making them with corrugated or undulated surfaces, in order to
obtain stiffness; and I prefer to make such shutters of a number of narrow
laths or strips of perforated metal, which I curve or bend, and then I place
such curved or bent strips or laths into frames, so that they come edge to
edge, as is shown at Figures 42 and 43, where part of a window blind is
shewn, made according to this part of my Invention. The edges of the strips
or plates being soldered, or plates being perforated, they may be corrugated so
as to form blinds, each in one piece.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means
I am acquainted with for performing the same, I would have it understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein shewn and described,
so long as the peculiar character of either part of my Invention be retained.
But what I claim is,―
First, the mode of combining the strips or narrow plates a, -a, of roller
metal blinds or shutters, by means of the parts b,-e, as above described.--And
1-also-elaim the mode of combining the strips or narrow plates a, a, of roller-metal

page_text: of the parts et AD
-deserved.
elain the use of bent strips or narrow plates of metal hinged together by metal
hinges in making roller metal blinds in order to obtain greater stiffness and
strength, as described in respect to Figures 1, 2, 4, 5, C, and 8, 9. And Halse
elaim the use of perforated plates in the making of roller-metal blinds or shutters.
And I also claim the combining different widths of strips or narrow plates in eon-
structing roller metal blinds or shutters, as herein deseribed. And-I-also claim the
application of the axes e, combined with supporting chains to the ends of the
strips or narrow plates a of roller--metal-shutters or blinds, as above-deseribed.
And-1-also-elaim the modes of raising roller metal blinds-or-shutters-by-means-of-a
band, cord, strap, or chain, combined with the use of a serew-and-serew-wheel,-as
herein deseribed.
Secondly, -elaim the mode of making venetian blinds-with-perforated-laths,
whether of metal or wood. And I also claim the application of pulleys of glass,
ebina, or earthenware, in-the-making of renetian-blials.
Thirdly, claim-the-mode of making blinds the laths of which turn-on-axes, by
applying-glass-earthenware, or porcelain,-perforated metal, or-perforated-wood, as
deseribed-in-respect to Figures 21, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27.
Fourthly Secondly, I claim the mode of arranging apparatus for opening
and closing folding shutters. And also the application-of-glass, earthenware, or
porcelain, or perforated metal, or perforated-woody-to-form the laths of shutters of
the description as described in respect to Figures 28 and 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,
and-31.
Fifthly Thirdly, I claim the mode of making sliding metal shutters, so far
as the bent or turned ends 1, as described in respect to Figures 35, 36, 37, 38,
89, 40, and 41.
And sixthly fourthly, I claim the making perforated metal blinds with
corrugated or undulated surfaces, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Harcourt Quincey, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
This is to certify, that the above-named John Harcourt Quincey has applied
to me for leave to enter the above written Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration of parts of the Specification of a certain Invention for which
Letters Patent were duly granted to him under the Great Seal of Great
Britain and Ireland, dated at Westminster, the twenty-seventh day of Sep-
tember, in the eighth year of Her Majesty reign, and the Specification of which

page_text: was inrolled on the Twenty-seventh day of March, One thousand eight hundred
and forty-five. And having considered of the said application, and no objec-
tion having been made to the same, I have accordingly granted leave to the
said John Harcourt Quincey to file his said Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration, pursuant to the Statute passed in the fifth and sixth year of the
reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, entitled "An Act to
amend the law touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirtieth day of September, in
the year of our Lord 1846, the aforesaid John Harcourt Quincey came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Dis-
claimer aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Disclaimer aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the First day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-six.