IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION. OF - REDUCED COPIES OF MEDALLIONS AND MATRICES, AND FOR PREPARING THE CUTTING TOOLS FOR. THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles John. Hill, of .6, Albany Street, Regent's
- Park, in the County of Middlesex, Engraver, for the invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION. OF
-
REDUCED COPIES OF MEDALLIONS AND MATRICES, AND FOR PREPARING THE
CUTTING TOOLS FOR. THAT PURPOSE."
Sealed the 5th April 1867, and dated the 9th October 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles John Hill at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
October 1866.
I, CHARLES JOHN HILL, of 6, -Albany Street, Regent's Park, in the County
of Middlesex, Engraver, do hereby declare the nature of. the said. Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF REDUCED
COPIES OF MEDALLIONS AND MATRICES, AND FOR PREPARING THE CUTTING TOOLS FOR
PURPOSE," to. be as follows:-
- This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement and combination of
machinery. or apparatus for the production of reduced copies of medallions

page_text: and matrices, and also to certain peculiar arrangements of machinery for pre-
paring the tools to be employed in the cutting of medallions and matrices.
According to this Invention it is proposed to employ for the purpose of
producing reduced copies of medallions and matrices a machine consisting of
two standards supporting a table upon which rest and to which are attached
the various portions of the machine to be herein-after described. Along and
upon about three-fourths of this table there is placed what may be called the
bed, so formed as to admit of two V-grooved heads being attached thereto;
the one at the right hand of the machine is fixed, the other, when required,
is caused to slide along the said bed to the point ascertained by a screw con-
nected with the same and the bed, which screw extends along the front of the
bed, and when used is turned by a handle. These heads each contain a
vertical mandrill, to the tops of which are screwed horizontal circular tables.
To the table attached to the head on the left-hand end of the machine there
is attached a receiver or chuck for containing the die or material to be
operated. upon, and to the other table there is attached an adjustable chuck or
holder for containing the pattern to be traced from. In the centre of the
pattern table at the right-hand end of the machine there is a raised pillar, in
the middle of the top of which is given the centre of the corresponding
mandrill; the object of this arrangement is to admit of the proper adjustment
of the mandrill supporting the work to the point of the cutter. To about the
middle of each of the said mandrills is attached a worm wheel, and to the said
worm wheels a screw which extends the whole length of the bed is made to
press by the agency of spiral springs fixed in cases at the back of the said
screw, which is so held as to be rigid except in a direction towards or
from the worm wheels aforesaid. The said screw is caused to revolve, and
by acting upon the worm wheels to turn the tables aforesaid at various speeds
according to the discretion of the operator by gearing herein-after described.
Attached to the right-hand end of the said screw is a pulley which is connected
by a gut band with a smaller pulley or drum at the back of the machine,
which said drum is fixed at the right-hand end of a spindle which extends
nearly the whole length of the machine. At about the middle of the said
spindle another pulley is fitted, over which a gut band passes, which is
brought over another pulley attached to the front part of the machine, and
when used is turned by a handle; its purpose is to bring any part of the
pattern and die to given points. At the left-hand end of the said spindle and
attached thereto is a circular plate, from the outer side or face of which project
circles of cogs or teeth, the said spindle upon which the plate is fixed being
concentric to the same said circles. The aforesaid cogs or teeth are acted upon

page_text: by an endless screw which is attached to the top of a vertical spindle, at the lower
end of which there is a two-grooved drum or pulley which is made to revolve
by a gut band passing over and under guide pulleys (one of which is contained
in a weight to attain an equal tension of the said gut band), and is conducted
by two of the said pulleys at the right hand, and at the base of the machine
up to and over a long conical drum grooved annularly from end to end, which
revolves on centres screwed into a frame attached to the under side of the
main table of the machine aforesaid. The said screw is made to gear in any
of the said circles of teeth in the flat circular plate, or to take a position
between them and thus release them, by a rod being attached to the frame
which holds the said spindle carrying the said screw and two-grooved drum or
pulley, such rod being brought to a catch in front of the machine and notched
to fit the same, the locking of a particular notch thus determining the position
of the screw. The said gut band is made to take any position upon the said
conical drum by being held between 2 small revolving guide rollers, which
are attached to a flat bar held in guides and made to move to and fro longi-
tudinally in front of the long conical drum through suitable guides by a gut
band being attached to each end of it passing round a pulley or drum upon
which one end of the bar rests. Another gut band passes over another &
larger portion of the same pulley or drum, and under another pulley at the
base of the machine which is carried by a spindle, to which is also attached a
notched or roughened wheel which is turned to the right or left by the foot of
the operator, who thus adjusts to the required position the said gut band on
the long conical drum. The position of this gut band on the conical drum is
ascertained by a thin, gut band, carrying an indicator being attached to the
right-hand end of the flat bar, which is conducted over an overhead pulley at
The said
the back of the machine, and has a weight or drop at the end of it.
conical drum is connected by a gut band passing over a deep groove situated
at the left-hand or largest end of it with another drum carried below by a long
spindle or crank shaft which turns on centres in the main standards of the
machine. The crank shaft is provided with a foot-crank and large grooved
wheel, and is made to revolve by a foot treadle in the usual way or by a band
and pulley or otherwise. To the left-hand end of the main table of the
machine and joining the bed a strong support is attached, at the top of which
suspended by horizontal centres is a head, to which is attached by vertical
centres screwed through the same another head (the two together forming an
universal joint), to which are bolted two flat bars, one on each side of it, which
extend toward the other end of the said bed; the ends opposite the right
hand are also connected, and they are parallel to each other from end to end.

page_text: Above and over the tables aforesaid at the end of the said bars opposite the
right-hand end of the machine, and over the centre of the right hand mandrill
turning in one of the two V-grooved heads, there is bolted a framework through
which a cylindrical rod passes in a vertical direction, at the lower end of which
a nose is screwed, to which tracers of various sizes and shapes are also
screwed. The upper half of this rod is screwed, and is raised, lowered, and fixed
by a back and front nut held in the framework; it has also a slot along the
length of it into which a guide is forced by a spring for the purpose of guiding
the same. A small indicator or finger resting upon nuts carried by the rod
which carries the tracer point serves to indicate the length or amount of wear
'taking place in the cutting tool herein-after referred to. Another frame is
also attached to the two flat bars before referred to, which can be moved along
the same to the position determined upon; this is effected by a pinion being
attached to the said frame gearing into a rack running along and contained
within the said flat bars. The varying weight or strain on the flat bars
according to the position of the moveable frame thereon is compensated by
means of a tension rod attached to such bars and connected by a bell crank
and gut with an adjustable spring. Within this moveable frame, when com-
mencing a piece of work, a strong mandrill is placed in a vertical position,
being held by a collar below and a centre screw above, to which mandrill a
rose cutter held in a holder is screwed, but when the finer operations have to
be performed the said mandrill is removed and a lighter one substituted,
carrying differently formed cutters, to be described herein-after; in this case a
temporary collar is to be added, which is firmly held down by a lever acted on
by a screw, both of which are contained within the said moveable frame.
The said mandrills are connected with the large wheel on the crank shaft by
a thin gut band passing over and round pullies, one of which is held at the
end of a light adjusting arm in front of the large wheel, which arm is attached
to a pulley and made to increase or diminish the tension of the gut band by
the action of a spiral spring in connection with such pulley and with a drum
above, which drum, is held in position by a catch. At the back of the machine
facing the right hand and attached to a projection from the top of the main
table there is placed a column, on the top of which is provided a horizontal
smooth surface so situated that the tracer point can be made to rest upon the
centre of the said smooth surface, the rod or stem of the tracer being pressed
against a guide bar in order to insure the placing of the point of the tracer
on the same spot at each separate adjustment. The position of the mandrill
holding the cutter having been ascertained and the required height of the cutter
determined, and the said tracer point having been placed in the smooth

page_text: surface, a moveable frame holding a long slender arm or indicator, which is
attached to it at the left-hand end, is so adjusted as to bring under the cutter
the said arm or indicator at a very short distance from the point of its attach-
ment to the said frame. This frame is now permanently fixed in position, and
a screw at the back is turned, which raises the frame and the long slender arm
or indicator 'till the latter nearly touches the cutter. A second and finer
screw is now brought into action, and this is continued till the end of the
indicator furthest removed from the cutter dips to a defined point. Behind
the horizontal smooth surface is a small moveable A-shaped projection or
ridge so arranged that by placing the said tracer point on each side alternately
of the ridge, and moving such ridge laterally a distance equal to the width of
the ridge at its base or broadest part, and by turning the said cutter, hollow
dots will be produced on a piece of wax or other suitable impressable
material placed at the back of the indicator, which dots if perfectly round and
just touching each other at their circumference will prove that the size of the
cutter is correct in relation to the size of the tracer.
In preparing or manufacturing the cutters employed in the production of
medallions and matrices I proceed as follows:-The large cutters are first
turned in a lathe, and the centre drilled out to about the diameter of the
cutter, and to a depth of about the diameter of such cutter. This cutter
partly formed is afterwards screwed into a long holder having distance mea-
surements on a circular plate, which is screwed on to the other end of the
said long holder. The holder and cutter are now put into a frame, and the
cutting surface is cut by a circular file, which is carried upon centres screwed
to a fixed frame of its own. The size and number of teeth are defined by
the said distance measurements on the circular plate, and the cutter may be
caused to move to and from the file and to describe a curvilinear motion round
it so as to receive cuts on its end and sides. The smaller cutter is made by
placing a piece of thin hardened steel wire in a holder capable of being
screwed into the small mandrill of the engraving machine, and by screwing
this holder into a long holder having notches round a circular projection at
unequal distances and at the end furthest from the cutter, and placing this
second holder in a frame having a projection at one end of it, into which pro-
jection the said notches lock. The said notched holder being in position the
thin steel wire is brought on to a small circular stone hung on centres screwed
into a frame of its own; this stone is made to revolve and cut a facet, which
is repeated as many times as there are notches in the circular projection. The
steel wire forming the cutter is moved to and from the grindstone, and its
angle therewith is adjusted by the aid of suitable adjusting screws.
And in

page_text: order to keep the surface of the stone true to the angle required a small
rubbing or grinding stone is caused to act upon the surface of such circular
grindstone.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles John Hill in the Great Seal Patent Office. on the
9th April 1867.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME. I, CHARLES
JOHN HILL, of 6, Albany Street, Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex,
Engraver, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
regn, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles John Hill, Her special license that I, the said Charles John
Hill, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Charles John Hill, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF REDUCED COPIES OF MEDALLIONS
AND MATRICES, AND FOR PREPARING THE CUTTING TOOLS FOR THAT PURPOSE," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles John Hill, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles John Hill, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement and construction of
machinery or apparatus for the production of reduced copies of medallions
and matrices, and also to certain peculiar arrangements of machinery for
preparing the tools to be employed in the cutting of medallions and matrices,

page_text: And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall how
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall
refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of Drawings, the same
letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding
Figures.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings represents a side elevation of my
improved machine for the production of reduced copies of medallions and
matrices complete; Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the same; Figure 3
on Sheet 2 represents an elevation of the left-hand end of the machine as
seen in Figure 1; and Figure 4 is a similar view of the opposite end of the
machine. The rest of the Figures on this Sheet of Drawings represent various
details herein-after referred to, some of which are drawn to an enlarged
scale.
A, A, are the two standards of the machine supporting a table B, upon which
rest and to which are attached the various portions of the machine to be
herein-after described. Along and upon about three-fourths of this table B
there is placed what may be called the bed C, so formed as to admit of two
V-grooved heads D, D', being attached thereto; the one D' at the right hand
of the machine is fixed, the other D, when required, is caused to slide along
the said bed C to the position required by a screw E connected with the
same and the bed, which screw extends along the front of the bed, and when
used is turned by a hand wheel F. Figure 5 represents a detail sectional
elevation, and Figure 6 is a corresponding plan of the fixed head. D'; these
heads each contain a vertical mandrill, one of which is shewn at G' in Figure 5,
o the tops of which are screwed the horizontal circular revolving tables H, H'.
To the table H attached to the head on the left-hand end of the machine there
s attached a receiver or chuck I for containing the die or material to be
perated upon, and to. the other table there is attached an adjustable chuck
r holder I for containing the pattern to be traced from. In the centre of
he pattern table at the right-hand end of the machine there is a raised
illar K, the centre of the top of which coincides with the centre of the cor-
esponding mandrill; the object of this arrangement is to admit of the proper
djustment of the mandrill supporting the work to the point of the cutter.
o about the middle of each of the said mandrills there is attached a worm
heel L, L, (shown dotted in Figure 2,) and to the said worm wheels a
crew M, which extends the whole length of the bed, is made to press by the
gency of spiral springs N fixed in cases at the back of the said screw, which
so held as to be rigid, except in a direction towards or from the worm
heels L, L, aforesaid. The said screw M is caused to revolve, and by acting

page_text: upon the worm wheels to turn the tables aforesaid at various speeds according
to the discretion of the operator by gearing herein-after described.
Attached
to the right-hand end of the said screw there is a pulley O, which is connected
by a gut band P with a smaller pulley or drum Q at the back of the machine,
which said drum is fixed at the right-hand end of a spindle R extending
nearly the whole length of the machine; the said spindle R carries another
pulley S, over which and under the guide pulleys a a gut band b passes,
which is brought over a pulley T attached to the front part of the machine,
and when used is turned by a hand wheel U.
The object of this arrangement of bands and pulleys, of which I have shown
a Diagram at Figure 7, is for the purpose of adjusting the work to the cutter
by a quick motion of the screw M. At the left-hand end of the said spindle R
and attached thereto is a circular plate V (Figures 2 and 3), from the outer
side or face of which project circles of cogs, or teeth, or pins c; the said
spindle R upon which the plate V is fixed being concentric to the said circles;
these cogs, teeth, or pins c are acted upon by an endless screw W, which is
attached to the top of a vertical spindle ✗, at the lower end of which there
is a two-grooved drum or pulley Y (not shewn in Figure 1), which is made
to revolve by a gut band Z passing round one or other of the two grooves in
such pulley; one portion of this band Z passes direct from the pulley Y over
one of the grooves in the guide pulley d, thence under the pulley e contained
in a weight to attain an equal tension of the said gut band. It then passes
up over the guide pulley g along the back of the machine, near the right-hand
end of which there are two grooved guide pulleys h, over which both parts of
the band pass, the one downwards and the other upwards, and under the
guide pulleys i, i, at the base of the machine; from these pulleys i, i, it
passes up to and over a long conical drum k, grooved annularly from end to
end, which revolves on centres screwed into a frame attached to the under
side of the main table B of the machine; the said screw W is made to gear
into any of the said circles of teeth or pins c in the flat circular plate V, or to
take a position between them and thus release them by a weighted lever or
barbeing connected to the frame m which holds the spindle X carrying the
screw W and two-grooved drum or pulley Y, such bar being provided with
notches, as shewn, which take into a catch or projection in front of the
machine, the locking of a particular notch determining the position of the
screw W. The gut band Z is made to take any position upon the conical
drum by being held between two small revolving guide rollers n, which are
attached to a flat bar o made to move to and fro' longitudinally in front of the
long conical drum through suitable guides p, p, by a gut band q being

page_text: attached to each end of it passing once or twice round a pulley or drum 7,
upon which one end of the bar o rests. Another gut bands passes over
another and larger portion of the same pulley or drum 7, and under another
pulley at the base of the machine which is carried by a spindle u, to which
is also attached a notched or roughened wheel o, which is turned to the right
or left by the foot of the operator, who thus adjusts to the required position
the said gut band Z on the long conical drum k, according to the desired
speed of rotation of the two chucks I and I', which respectively hold the
work and the pattern. The position of the gut band Z on the conical drum k
is shown by an indicator w attached by a thin gut or cord z to the right-hand
end of the flat, bar o, which is conducted by the guide pulleys at y over an
overhead pulley z at the back of the machine, and has a weight or drop 1
attached to its lower end. The conical drum is connected by a crossed gut
or band 2 passing over a deep groove 3, situated at the left-hand or largest
end of the drum k, with another drum or grooved pulley 4 carried by the
crank shaft 5 which turns on centres in the main standards A of the machine.
The crank shaft is driven by a foot treadle 6 in the usual way, or by a band
and pulley, or otherwise.
The operation of this part of the machine is as follows:-Circular motion
being given by the foot or other power to the long shaft 5 the pulley 4
attached to it is caused to revolve, which having a gut band 2 round it and
round the deep groove 3 of long conical drum k the same is also caused to
revolve, and having, another gut band Z over it transmits motion to the pulley.
on two-grooved drum Y at the base of the spindle X carrying the worm or
endless screw W at the top, which latter by gearing with the teeth or pins c
projecting from the flat plate V fast on the spindle R at the back of the
machine causes the same to revolve, and consequently drives the drum Q
which is connected by the gut band P with the pulley O on the right-hand, end
of the long screw M, thus transmitting motion to such screw, which being
geared with the worm wheels L, L, attached to the mandrill in the heads D
and D' causes the same to revolve and impart a circular motion to the
chucks I, I, for holding the die or substance to be worked upon and the
pattern respectively. The upper part of the said band or gut P passes direct
across the end of the machine from the upper surface of the pulley Qover the
guide pulley 7, which is carried in an adjustable bracket 8 connected to the
table B of the machine. From the under side of the pulley 7 the gut P.
passes round the guide pulley 9 (see Figures 4 and 7), and over the pulley O;:
whence it passes round the second groove in the pulley 9 and returns to,
be pulley Q on the under side thereof. To the left-hand end of the main

page_text: table of the machine and joining the bed a strong support 10 is attached, to
the top of which suspended by horizontal centres 11 is a head 12, to which is
attached by vertical centres 13 (see Figure 1), screwed through the same,
another head 14 (the two together forming an universal joint), to which are
bolted two flat parallel bars 15 disposed one on each side of the head 14,
which bars extend towards the right-hand end of the machine, where a
handle 16 is provided by which the operator guides the tracer and cutting
tools, as herein-after described. These parallel bars extend over the two
tables H and H¹ and chucks I and I¹, and at their right-hand ends they are
bolted to the opposite sides of the bracket or frame 17, shewn in detail
elevation and plan at Figures 8 and 9. This frame 17 should be so situate
as to be capable of passing over the centre of the right-hand mandrill G³,
which turns in the fixed head D', and it carries a vertical adjustable cylindrical
spindle 18, at the lower end of which a nose 19 is screwed, to which tracers
20 of various sizes and shapes are also screwed. The upper portion of this
rod is screwed, and it is raised, lowered, and fixed by back and front set
nuts 21. 21 is a spring which tends always to keep the spindle 18 and the
steel bush attached to the lower nut 21, through which the spindle is screwed,
jammed in an upward direction. It is also provided with a longitudinal slot
into which a guide is forced by a spring 22, for the purpose of guiding the
same and preventing the spindle from turning when being adjusted. A small
indicator or finger 23, centred to the frame 17 and resting upon nuts 24
carried by the spindle 18 which carries the tracer point, serves to indicate the
length or amount of wear taking place in the cutting tool herein-after referred
to. Another frame 25 carrying the cutting tool 26 is also attached to the
two parallel bars 15 before referred to, which can be moved along the same
to any required position; this is effected by a pinion 27 carried by the said
frame and gearing into a rack 28 extending along and contained between the
parallel bars 15. The varying weight or strain on the bars 15 according to
the position of the moveable frame thereon is compensated by means of a
tension rod 29 attached to such bars, and connected by a bell crank 30 and
gut 31 with an adjustable spring 32 attached to the lower portion of the left-
hand standard A of the machine. The bars 15 are kept elevated when the
machine is out of action by a pin passed through the bell crank 30 and into
one or other of a series of holes made in a curved bracket, as shewn clearly
in Figure 1. They are also locked or prevented when out of action from
swinging laterally by a pin passing through an arm joined to the bell
crank 30 and entering a hole in the head 14, to which the bars are
attached. When commencing a piece of work a strong mandrill 33 (see

page_text: detail, Figure 10,) is placed in the moveable frame 25 in a vertical
below and a centre screw 35 above.
lower end of this mandrill there is
enlarged detail at Figure 11); but
performed the said mandrill 33 is
position, being held by a collar 34
To a holder 36 screwed into the
screwed a rose cutter 26 (shewn in
when the finer operations have to be
removed, and a lighter one 37 (shewn in detail elevations at Figure 12, in
transverse section at Figure 13, and in plan of the under side at Figure 14).
is substituted, carrying differently formed cutters herein-after described. In
this case a temporary collar 38 is to be added, which is firmly held down by a
lever 39 acted upon by a screw 40, both of which are contained within the
moveable frame 25; the end of the lever 39 is provided with an inclined pro-
jection which engages with a V notch in the temporary collar 38 (shewn in
Figure 13) by the action of the screw 40, thus holding the collar or loose bush
in its place. These mandrills are driven from the large wheel 41 fast on the
crank shaft 5 by a thin gut or band 42. This gut passes round a sheave on
the mandrill and thence round one of the guide pulleys 43 carried by the
frame 25; it then returns round the opposite side of the sheave on the mandrill
and round the second of the two guide pulleys 43, whence it returns to sheave
on the mandrill, and both parts of the gut then pass over the horizontal and
The
vertical guide pulleys at 44, and thence pass round the large wheel 41.
proper amount of tension of the gut is maintained by passing it round a
pulley 45 carried on the end of a light adjustable arm 46 in front of the large
wheel 41, which arm is attached to a pulley 47, and made to increase or
diminish the tension of the gut band 42 by the action of a spiral spring 48 in
connection with such pulley and with a drum 49 and hand wheel 50, provided
.with. holes for locking on to a catch 51.
I shall now proceed to describe the mode of and means for ascertaining
the correct length of cutter with relation to the tracer. At the back of the
right-hand end of the machine, and attached to a curved slotted bracket 52,
level with and fixed to the side of the main table B, there is fitted a horizontally
adjustable vertical socket 53 (see detail, Figure 15), carrying a vertically
adjustable spindle 54 fixed by a lateral set screw 55; on the top of this spindle
there is provided a horizontal smooth surface 56 (the position of which only
is shewn in Figure 2), so situate that the tracer point 20 can be readily brought
over and made to rest upon the centre of such smooth surface, the rod or stem
of the tracer being pressed against a guide bar 57 in order to insure the
placing of the point of the tracer on the same spot at each separate adjustment,
that is to say, each time the cutter has been removed for sharpening or for
changing for another form of cutter. This smooth surface consists of a

page_text: hardened piece of steel which is let into the top of the adjustable spindle 54
and projects slightly above it, as shewn in dotted lines in Figure 15, a set
screw 56* serving to hold it in its place. Another moveable socket 58 is
made adjustable along the slotted plate 59, which is bolted to the main table
of the machine, the position of such socket being indicated by dotted lines
only in Figure 2. At Figures 17 and 18 I have represented an enlarged
detail sectional elevation and plan of this socket with the parts connected
therewith. Within this socket there is fitted the stem of a vertically adjustable
table 60 carrying an overhanging plate 60%, which may be roughly adjusted
to any desired height by the vertical adjusting screw 61, and fixed in position
by the pinching screw 62. To the front edge of the plate 60*, and at the left-
hand corner thereof, there is fitted by means of the adjusting screws 63 a
plate 64 (shown on a larger scale in the detail side elevation, Figure 19), to
which plate 64 is secured the end 65 of a long flexible arm or indicator 66,
the free end 67 of which should in its adjusted position be so nearly in contact
with the surface of the plate 68 situate beneath it that the finest possible line
of light can be seen between them. The object of the plate 64 is to enable
the indicator to be suspended in a central position between the plates 60* and
68. The plate 68 is also attached to the plate 60%, and is capable of adjust-
ment towards or from the under side of the plate 60* by the screw 69. 70 is
a powerful magnifier attached to the plate 60, adjustable in any desired
position by the aid of the slotted plate 71 and joints 72; the object of this
magnifier being to facilitate the observation of the exact position of the end
of the indicator as regards the plate 68.
I shall now proceed to describe the mode of ascertaining the correct size of
cutter in relation to the tracer. Behind the horizontal smooth surface 56
(see Figures 15 and 16) there is a small ^-shaped projection or ridge 73 (the
position of which is indicated in Figure 2) attached to a sliding plate 74 so
arranged that by placing the said tracer point on each side alternately of the
ridge and moving such ridge laterally a distance equal to the width of the
ridge at its base or broadest part, and by turning the cutter, which is at the
same time brought on to a piece of wax or other suitable impressable material
75 placed on the end of the plate 68 at the back of the indicator 66, hollow
dots will be produced in the wax, which dots, if perfectly round and just
touching one another at their circumference, and their depth being equal to
half their diameter, will indicate that the size of the cutter is correct in relation
to the size of the tracer. An adjusting screw 69* serves to elevate the wax
surface until the point of the cutter sinks to the proper depth therein.
In using this machine the operator first adjusts his work on the chuck I

page_text: and the enlarged copy of the medallion on the chuck I'; he then adjusts the
position of the moveable frame 25 along the bars 15 according to the amount
of reduction required; the smaller the copy the nearer will be the frame 25 to
the left-hand end of the machine; he then adjusts the lead D with its chuck I
holding the work so as to bring the centre of the mandril which carries the
chuck under the point of the cutter. The heighth of the cutter 26 and tracer
point 20 is now adjusted so that a horizontal line drawn through the centres 11
shall just touch the points of the cutter and tracer respectively, the bars 15
being at the same time also in a horizontal position. The pattern is now
raised by suitable adjusting screws until the medium depth or height just touches
the point of the tracer, after which the work is similarly elevated until it comes
in contact with the point of the cutter, where it is fixed by screws or other
means. The size of tracer is then selected according to the work to be
produced, and the relative size of the cutter as regards the tracer ascertained
by the use of the wax surface herein-before referred to. The machine is now
ready for operation, but in order to ensure the placing of the cutters
subsequently employed at the same height as the one already adjusted, the
bars 15 are moved laterally, so as to bring the tracer point upon the smooth
surface 56, which movement will bring the point of the cutter over the
indicator 66 carried by the vertically adjustable plate 60%; this plate is then
elevated by the screw 61 until the fixed end of the indicator is brought nearly.
in contact with the point of the cutter. The finer adjusting screw 61* is now
brought into action until the indicator comes into actual contact with the
cutter, the point of contact being shown by the red line in Figure 17; the
instant that contact takes place will be clearly shown by the dipping of the
free end of the indicator, the adjustment being continued until only the
faintest line of light can be observed between the end of the indicator and the
surface of the plate 68. As the cutter wears shorter it is lowered by screwing
up the tracer spindle until the point of the cutter deflects the indicator 66 to
the same amount as it did in the first instance, the tracer point resting at the
same time upon the smooth surface 56. The operator then draws the bars.15
forward, so as to bring the tracer point 20 over the medallion and the cutter
over its work, and the machine being started a rotatory motion will be
conveyed to the cutter by the band or gut 42. The screw M transmits at the
same time a rotatory motion to the chucks I and I¹, and the operator then
traverses the tracer and cutter to and fro over the work and pattern until the
entire surface has been roughened out by the aid of the "rose cutter or
roughened tool, Figure 11. He then inserts the smaller mandrill and
"

page_text: temporary collar with the finer tool of the shape shown in Figure 20, and
continues the operation, using finer tools as the works approaches completion.
In preparing or manufacturing the cutters to be employed in the medallion
machine herein-before described I make use of the machinery or apparatus
shown on Sheet 3 of my Drawings. Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation,
and Figure 2 a corresponding plan of a machine for making "rose" cutters
similar to that shown at Figure 11 (Sheet 2). The large cutters are first turned
in a lathe, and the centre drilled out to about one-fourth the diameter of the
cutter, and to a depth of about three-fourths the diameter of such cutter. This
cutter partly formed is afterwards screwed into a long holder A having distance
measurements on a circular plate B (shown in detail front elevation at Figure 3),
which plate is screwed on to the other end of the said long holder A; the holder
and cutter A are now put into an adjustable frame C turning on centres b, and
adjustable radially in a vertical plane by the screw c. D is an adjustable plate
connected by a joint d at its front end to the fixed centre e. By turning the
coupling piece on the centre e, the end of the plate D and with it the cutter
blank will be raised or lowered on to the top or against the front of the
circular file E. This mechanism is carried by a sliding plate F, which slides
horizontally along the guide bars G so as to bring the cutter blank towards or
from the file E in a horizontal direction. An adjustable stop H is connected
to the sliding plate F for the purpose of regulating its forward traverse, and
thereby controlling the amount of cut. The circular file E is carried upon
centres screwed to a fixed frame I of its own. The size and number of teeth
in the cutter to be produced are defined by the distance measurements on the
circular plate B before referred to; this plate has a series of circles of indents
formed therein, each circle containing a different number of indents according
to the size of the cutter and the number of teeth to be produced therein. By
turning the plate B, and with it the holder A and tool blank; and fixing the
same by inserting the end of the pin f into one or other of the opposite or
corresponding indents, it follows that the tool blank will be so presented to the
file as to receive the required tooth, each adjustment of the plate B producing
a fresh tooth. A vertical row of holes is provided in the pin holder g to
enable the pin to be placed opposite any one of the series of circles of indents
in the plate B, a spring h serving to hold the pin in its place. By this com-
bined apparatus the tool blank is caused to rotate on its axis, and receives
also a motion towards and from the file, as well as a curvilinear motion round
it so as to receive cuts on its end and side.
When making the smaller cutters (several views of which are shown in

page_text: enlarged detail elevation and plan at Figure 20 on Sheet 2 of my Drawings,)
I employ the apparatus or machine shown in elevation and plan at Figures 4
and 5 respectively (Sheet 3). The smaller cutter is made by placing a piece
of thin hardened steel wire a in a holder b capable of being screwed into the
smaller mandrill of the engraving machine before referred to. This holder is
screwed into a long holder A having notches round a circular projection B
situate at the end furthest from the cutter, such notches being at unequal
distances apart, as shewn by the detail Figure 6. This second holder A is
placed in an adjustable frame C, having a projection at one end of it, into
which projection the said notches lock. The holder A, with its notched
projection B, being in position, the thin steel wire is brought on to a small
circular stone E hung on centres screwed into a frame I of its own. This
stone is made to revolve and cut a facet, which is repeated as many times as
there are notches in the circular projection, the holder A being turned to a
fresh notch as each facet is made. The steel wire a forming the cutter is
moved to and from the grindstone by imparting a horizontal sliding motion
to the parts carrying the tool blank by means of the horizontal adjusting
screw and hand wheel H, which causes that part of the mechanism to slide
along the bed plate K. The vertical angle of the tool blank with relation to
the stone is adjusted by means of the screws L, L, which bear against the
under side of the pivotting table D working on centres g, g. In fine or
accurate adjustments I employ the adjusting screw h. The whole is adjusted
vertically by sliding in a socket M, a set screw N serving to fix the same at
any desired elevation. The holder A rests in forked guides i, i, and is held
down in its place by a horizontal spring rod, one end of which is shown at k
in Figure 4. In order to keep the surface of the stone E true I employ a
small rubbing or grinding stone 1 carried in a sliding holder m, which slides
laterally along a dovetail projection on the top of the oscillating support n
working on centres o. An adjusting screw p serves to bring the top of the
support n and up to the surface of the circular stone E. These fine cutters
are made of suitable length to allow for wear, and are fixed inside the holder or
screwed nozzle b, which is screwed into the tool-holding mandrill of the engraving
machine. When they have become too short for further adjustment in the en-
graving machine it becomes necessary to set them up or cause them to protrude
rather more beyond their holding nozzle b, and as this operation requires con-
siderable nicety of adjustment in order to insure the exact required amount of pro-
jection of the tool, I propose to employ for that purpose the adjusting apparatus
shewn in side elevation and partly in section at Figure 7 (Sheet 3); this
apparatus operates on precisely the same principle as the indicator 66 of the
-

page_text: engraving machine herein-before referred to; it consists of a stand A provided
with an internally screwed vertical bracket B, into the lower end of which is
inserted the screwed plug a. The tool holder or nozzle b containing the tool
to be adjusted is screwed into the plug a, and a screw spindle c carrying a
short length of steel wire is screwed into the upper part of the bracket B.
A conical recess is formed on the top of the plug a to insure the entrance of
the steel wire into the central apperture of the nozzle b, so as to direct such
wire against the upper end of the cutter. Beneath the point of the cutter
there is placed a long flexible indicator C, which is centered at d to the stand A,"
so as to admit of it being moved to one side, to allow of the introduction and
removal of the nozzle and tool. The free end of this indicator is pointed and
plays between two stops or points at e. The adjustment of the length of the
tool is effected by screwing down the screw spindle c, which causes the steel
wire attached thereto to force the tool more or less out of the holding nozzle b.
So soon as the point of the tool comes in contact with the indicator C such
contact is clearly indicated by the dipping of the point of the indicator,
which shows that the proper length of tool has been protruded beyond its,
holder.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First, the peculiar combination of machinery or apparatus for the pro-
duction of reduced copies of medallions and matrices arranged and operating
as herein-before described, and illustrated on Sheets 1 and 2 of my Drawings.
Second, the peculiar construction, arrangement, and combination of appa-
ratus or mechanism for manufacturing and preparing the tools to be employed
in the engraving of medallions, matrices, or dies as herein-before described,
and illustrated on Sheet 3 of my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles John Hill, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, the Fifth day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-seven.
CHA. J. HILL. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles John Hill, of 6, Albany Street, Regent's
Park, in the County of Middlesex, Engraver, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
REDUCED COPIES OF MEDALLIONS AND MATRICES, AND FOR PREPARING THE
BARU BAD MITAT PURPOSE."
Sealed the 5th April 1867, and dated the 9th October 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles John Hill at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1866.
I, CHARLES JOHN HILL, of 6, Albany Street, Regent's Park, in the County.
of Middlesex, Engraver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF REDUCED
COPIES OF MEDALLIONS AND MATRICES, AND FOR PREPARING THE CUTTING TOOLS FOR
THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement and combination of
machinery or apparatus for the production of reduced copies of medallions

page_text: and matrices, and also to certain peculiar arrangements of machinery for
preparing the tools to be employed in the cutting of medallions and matrices.
According to this Invention it is proposed to employ for the purpose of
producing reduced copies of medallions and matrices a machine consisting of
two standards supporting a table upon which rest and to which are attached
the various portions of the machine to be herein-after described. Along and
upon about three-fourths of this table there is placed what may be called the
bed, so formed as to admit of two V-grooved beads being attached thereto ;
the one at the right hand of the machine is fixed, the other, when required,
is caused to slide along the said bed to the point ascertained by a screw con-
nected with the same and the bed, which screw extends along the front of the
bed, and when used is turned by a handle. These heads each contain a
vertical mandrill, to the tops of which are screwed horizontal circular tables.
To the table attached to the head on the left-hand end of the machine there
is attached a receiver or chuck for containing the die or material to be
operated upon, and to the other table there is attached an adjustable chuck or
holder for containing the pattern, to be traced from. In the centre of the
pattern table at the right-hand end of the machine there is a raised pillar, in
the middle of the top of which is given the centre of the corresponding
mandrill; the object of this arrangement is to admit of the proper adjustment
of the mandrill supporting the work to the point of the cutter. To about the
middle of each of the said mandrills is attached a worm wheel, and to the said
worm wheels a screw which extends the whole length of the bed is made to
press by the agency of spiral springs fixed in cases at the back of the said
screw, which is so held as to be rigid except in a direction towards or
from the worm wheels aforesaid. The said screw is caused to revolve, and
by acting upon the worm wheels to turn the tables aforesaid at various speeds
according to the discretion of the operator by gearing herein-after described.
Attached to the right-hand end of the said screw is a pulley which is connected
by a gut band with a smaller pulley or drum at the back of the machine,
which said drum is fixed at the right-hand end of a spindle which extends
nearly the whole length of the machine. At about the middle of the said
spindle another pulley is fitted, over. which a gut band passes, which is
brought over another pulley attached to the front part of the machine, and
when used is turned by a handle; its purpose is to bring any part of the
pattern and die to given points. At the left-hand end of the said spindle and
attached thereto is a circular plate, from the outer side or face of which project
circles of cogs or teeth, the said spindle upon which the plate is fixed being
concentric to the same said circles. The aforesaid cogs or teeth are acted upon

page_text: by an endless screw which is attached to the top of a vertical spinille, at the lower
end of which there is a two-grooved drum or pulley which is made to revolve
by a gut band passing over and under guide pulleys (one of which is contained
in a weight to attain an equal tension of the said gut band), and is conducted
by two of the said pulleys at the right hand, and at the base of the machine
up to and over a long conical drum grooved annularly from end to end, which
revolves on centres screwed into a frame attached to the under side of the
main table of the machine aforesaid. The said screw is made to gear in any
of the said circles of teeth in the flat circular plate, or to take a position
between them and thus release them, by a rod being attached to the frame
which holds the said spindle carrying the said screw and two-grooved drum or
pulley, such rod being brought to a catch in front of the machine and notched
to fit the same, the locking of a particular notch thus determining the position
of the screw. The said gut band is made to take any position upon the said
conical drum by being held between 2 small revolving guide rollers, which
are attached to a flat bar held in guides and made to move to and fro longi-
tudinally in front of the long conical drum through suitable guides by a gut
band being attached to each end of it passing round a pulley or drum upon
which one end of the bar rests. Another gut band passes over another &
larger portion of the same pulley or drum, and under another pulley at the
base of the machine which is carried by a spindle, to which is also attached &
notched or roughened wheel which is turned to the right or left by the foot of
the operator, who thus adjusts to the required position the said gut band on
the long conical drum. The position of this gut band on the conical drum is
ascertained by a thin gut band carrying an indicator being attached to the
right-band end of the flat bar, which is conducted over an overhead pulley at
the back of the machine, and has a weight or drop at the end of it. The said
conical drum is connected by a gut band passing over a deep groove situated
at the left-hand or largest end of it with another drum carried below by a long
spindle or crank shaft which turns on centres in the main standards of the
machine. The crank shaft is provided with a foot crank and large grooved
wheel, and is made to revolve by a foot treadle in the usual way or by a band
and pulley or otherwise. To the left-hand end of the main table of the
machine and joining the bed a strong support is attached, at the top of which
suspended by horizontal centres is a head, to which is attached by vertical
centres screwed through the same another head (the two together forming an
universal joint), to which are bolted two flat bars, one on each side of it, which
extend toward the other end of the said bed; the ends opposite the right
hand are also connected, and they are parallel to each other from end to end.

page_text: Above and over the tables aforesaid at the end of the said bars opposite the
right-hand end of the machine, and over the centre of the right hand mandrill
turning in one of the two V-grooved heads, there is bolted a framework through
which a cylindrical rod passes in a vertical direction, at the lower end of which
a nose is screwed, to which tracers of various sizes and shapes are also
screwed. The upper half of this rod is screwed, and is raised, lowered, and fixed
by a back and front nut held in the framework; it has also a slot along the
length of it into which a guide is forced by a spring for the purpose of guiding
the same.
A small indicator or finger resting upon nuts carried by the rod
which carries the tracer point serves to indicate the length or amount of wear
Another frame is
taking place in the cutting tool herein-after referred to.
also attached to the two flat bars before referred to, which can be moved along.
the same to the position determined upon; this is effected by a pinion being
attached to the said frame gearing into a rack running along and contained
within the said flat bars. The varying weight or strain on the flat bars
according to the position of the moveable frame thereon is compensated by
means of a tension rod attached to such bars and connected by a bell crank
and gut with an adjustable spring. Within this moveable frame, when com-
mencing a piece of work, a strong mandrill is placed in a vertical position,
being held by a collar below and a centre screw above, to which mandrill a
rose cutter held in a holder is screwed, but when the finer operations have to
be performed the said mandrill is removed and a lighter one substituted,
carrying differently formed cutters, to be described herein-after; in this case a
temporary collar is to be added, which is firmly held down by a lever acted on
by a screw, both of which are contained within the said moveable frame.
The said mandrills are connected with the large wheel on the crank shaft by
a thin gut band passing over and round pullies, one of which is held at the
end of a light adjusting arm in front of the large wheel, which arm is attached
to a pulley and made to increase or diminish the tension of the gut band by
the action of a spiral spring in connection with such pulley and with a drum
above, which drum is held in position by a catch. At the back of the machine
facing the right hand and attached to a projection from the top of the main
table there is placed a column, on the top of which is provided a horizontal
smooth surface so situate that the tracer point can be made to rest upon the
centre of the said smooth surface, the rod or stem of the tracer being pressed
against a guide bar in order to insure the placing of the point of the tracer
on the same spot at each separate adjustment. The position of the mandrill
holding the cutter having been ascertained and the required height of the cutter
determined, and the said tracer point having been placed in the smooth

page_text: surface, a moveable frame holding 8 long slender arm or indicator, which is
attached to it at the left-hand end, is so adjusted as to bring under the cutter
the said arm or indicator at a very short distance from the point of its attach-
ment to the said frame. This frame is now permanently fixed in position, and
a screw at the back is turned, which raises the frame and the long slender arm
or indicator till the latter nearly touches the cutter. A second and finer
screw is now brought into action, and this is continued till the end of the
indicator furthest removed from the cutter dips to a defined point. Behind
the horizontal smooth surface is a small moveable A-shaped projection or
ridge so arranged that by placing the said tracer point on each side alternately
of the ridge, and moving such ridge laterally a distance equal to the width of
the ridge at its base or broadest part, and by turning the said cutter, hollow
dots will be produced on a piece of wax or other suitable impressable
material placed at the back of the indicator, which dots if perfectly round and
just touching each other at their circumference will prove that the size of the
cutter is correct in relation to the size of the tracer.
In preparing or manufacturing the cutters employed in the production of
medallions and matrices I proceed as follows:-The large cutters are first
turned in a lathe, and the centre drilled out to about the diameter of the
cutter, and to a depth of about the diameter of such cutter. This cutter
partly formed is afterwards screwed into a long holder having distance mea
surements on a circular plate, which is screwed on to the other end of the
said long holder. The holder and cutter are now put into a frame, and the
cutting surface is cut by a circular file, which is carried upon centres screwed
to a fixed frame of its own. The size and number of teeth are defined by
the said distance measurements on the circular plate, and the cutter may be
caused to move to and from the file and to describe a curvilinear motion round
it so as to receive cuts on its end and sides. The smaller cutter is made by
placing a piece of thin hardened steel wire in a holder capable of being
screwed into the small, mandrill of the engraving machine, and by screwing
this holder into a long bolder having notches round a circular projection at
unequal distances and at the end furthest from the cutter, and placing this
second holder in a frame having a projection at one end of it, into which pro-
jection the said notches lock. The said notched holder being in position the
thin steel wire is brought on to a small circular stone hung on centres screwed
into a frame of its own; this stone is made to revolve and cut a facet,, which
is repeated as many times as there are notches in the circular projection. The
steel wire forming the cutter is moved to and from the grindstone, and its
angle therewith is adjusted by the aid of suitable adjusting screws. And in

page_text: order to keep the surface of the stone true to the angle required a small
rubbing or grinding stone is caused to act upon the surface of such circular
grindstone.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles John Hill in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th April 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
JOHN HILL, of 6, Albany Street, Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex,
Engraver, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles John Hill, Her special license that I, the said Charles John
Hill, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Charles John Hill, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
⚫ MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF REDUCED COPIES OF MEDALLIONS
AND MATRICES, AND FOR PREPARING THE CUTTING TOOLS FOR THAT PURPOSE," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles John Hill, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles John Hill, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement and construction of
machinery or apparatus for the production of reduced copies of medallions
and matrices, and also to certain peculiar arrangements of machinery for
preparing the tools to be employed in the cutting of medallions and matrices.

page_text: And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall bow
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall
refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of Drawings, the same
letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding
Figures.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings represents a side elevation of my
improved machine for the production of reduced copies of medallions and
matrices complete; Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the same; Figure 3
on Sheet 2 represents an elevation of the left-hand end of the machine as
seen in Figure 1; and Figure 4 is a similar view of the opposite end of the
machine. The rest of the Figures on this Sheet of Drawings represent various
details herein-after referred to, some of which are drawn to an enlarged
seale.
A, A, are the two standards of the machine supporting a table B, upon which
rest and to which are attached the various portions of the machine to be
herein-after described. Along and upon about three-fourths of this table B
there is placed what may be called the bed C, so formed as to admit of two
V-grooved heads D, D¹, being attached thereto; the one D' at the right hand
of the machine is fixed, the other D, when required, is caused to slide along
the said bed C to the position required by a screw E connected with the
same and the bed, which screw extends along the front of the bed, and when
used is turned by a hand wheel F. Figure 5 represents a detail sectional
elevation, and Figure 6 is a corresponding plan of the fixed head D¹; these
heads each contain a vertical mandrill, one of which is shewn at G' in Figure 5,
to the tops of which are screwed the horizontal circular revolving tables H, H'.
To the table H attached to the head on the left-hand end of the machine there
is attached a, receiver or chuck 1 for containing the die or material to be
operated upon, and to the other table there is attached an adjustable chuck
or holder 1 for containing the pattern to be traced from. In the centre of
the pattern table at the right-hand end of the-machine there is a raised.
pillar K, the centre of the top of which coincides with the centre of the cor-
responding mandrill; the object of this arrangement is to admit of the proper
adjustment of the mandrill supporting the work to the point of the cutter.
To about the middle of each of the said mandrills there is attached a worm
wheel L, L, (shown dotted in Figure 2,) and to the said worm wheels: a
screw M, which extends the whole length of the bed, is made to press. by the
agency of spiral springs N fixed in cases at the back of the said screw, which
is so held as to be rigid, except in a direction towards or from the worm
wheels L, L', aforesaid. The said screw M is caused to revolve, and-by acting

page_text: upon the worm wheels to turn the tables aforesaid at various speeds according
to the discretion of the operator by gearing herein-after described. Attached
to the right-hand end of the said screw there is a pulley O, which is connected
by a gut band P with a smaller pulley or drum Q at the back of the machine,
which said drum is fixed at the right-hand end of a spindle R. extending
nearly the whole length of the machine; the said spindle R carries another
pulley S, over which and under the guide pulleys a a gut band 6 passes;
which is brought over a pulley T attached to the front part of the machine,
and when used is turned by a hand wheel U.
The object of this arrangement of bands and pulleys, of which I have shown
a Diagram at Figure 7, is for the purpose of adjusting the work to the cutter
by a quick motion of the screw M. At the left-hand end of the said spindle R
and attached thereto is a circular plate V (Figures 2 and 3), from the outer
side or face of which project circles of cogs, or teeth, or pins c; the said
spindle R upon which the plate V is.fixed being concentric to the said circles ;
these cogs, teeth, or pins care acted upon by an endless screw W, which is
attached to the top of a vertical spindle ✗, at the lower end of which there
is a two-grooved drum or pulley Y (not shown in Figure 1), which is made
to revolve by a gut band Z passing round one or other of the two grooves in
such pulley one portion of this band Z passes direct from the pulley Y over
one of the grooves in the guide pulley d, thence under the pulley e contained
in a weight to attain an equal tension of the said gut band. It then passes
up over the guide pulley 9 along the back of the machine, near the right-hand
end of which there are two grooved guide pulleys h, over which both parts of
the band pass, the one downwards and the other upwards, and under the
guide pulleys i, i, at the base of the machine; from these pulleys i, i, it
passes up to and over a long conical drum k, grooved annularly from end to
end, which revolves on centres screwed into a frame attached to the under
side of the main table B of the machine; the said screw W is made to gear
into any of the said circles of teeth or pins c in the flat circular plate V, or to
take a position between them and thus release them by a weighted lever or
barbeing connected to the frame m which holds the spindle X carrying the
screw W and two-grooved drum or pulley Y, such bar being provided with
notches, as shewn, which take into a catch or projection in front of the
machine, the locking of a particular notch determining the position of the
screw W. The gut band Z is made to take any position upon the conical
drum k by being held between two small revolving guide rollers n, which are
attached to a flat bar o made to move to and fro' longitudinally in front of the
long conical drum through suitable guides p, p, by a gut band q being
:

page_text: attached to each end of it passing once or twice round a pulley or drum r,
upon which one end of the bar o rests. Another gut baud passes over
another and larger portion of the same pulley or drum r, and under another
pulley t at the base of the machine which is carried by a spindle u, to which
is also attached a notched or roughened wheel v, which is turned to the right
or left by the foot of the operator, who thus adjusts to the required position
the said gut band Z on the long conical drum k, according to the desired
speed of rotation of the two chucks I and I, which respectively hold the
work and the pattern. The position of the gut band Z on the conical drum le
is shown by an indicator w attached by a thin gut or cord a to the right-hand
end of the flat bar o, which is conducted by the guide pulleys at y over an
overhead pulley at the back of the machine, and has a weight or drop 1
attached to its lower end. The conical drum k is connected by a crossed gut
or band 2 passing over a deep groove 3, situated at the left-hand or largest
end of the drum k, with another drum or grooved pulley 4 carried by the
crank shaft 5 which turns on centres in the main standards A of the machine.
The crank shaft is driven by a foot treadle 6 in the usual way, or by.a band
and pulley, or otherwise.
The operation of this part of the machine is as follows:-Circular motion
being given by the foot or other power to the long shaft. 5 the pulley 4
attached to it is caused to revolve, which having a gut band 2 round it and
round the deep groove 3 of long conical drum k the same is also caused to
revolve, and having another gut band Z over it transmits motion to the pulley
on two-grooved drum Y at the base of the spindle X carrying the worm or
endless screw W at the top, which latter by gearing with the teeth or pins c
projecting from the flat plate V fast on the spindle R at the back of the
machine causes the same to revolve, and consequently drives the drum Q
which is connected by the gut band P with the pulley O on the right-hand end
of the long screw M, thus transmitting motion to such screw, which being
geared with the worm wheels L, L', attached to the mandrill in the.heads D
and D' causes the. same to revolve and impart a circular motion to the
chucks I, I, for holding the die or substance to be worked upon and the
pattern respectively. The upper part of the said band or gut P passes direct
across the end of the machine from the upper surface of the pulley over the
guide pulley 7, which is carried in an adjustable bracket 8 connected to the
table B of the machine. From the under side of the pulley 7 the gut P
passes round the guide pulley 9 (see Figures 4 and 7), and over the pulley.O,
whence it passes round the second groove in the pulley 9 and returns to
the pulley on the under side thereof. To the left-hand end of the main

page_text: table of the machine and joining the bed a strong support 10 is attached, to
the top of which suspended by horizontal centres II is a head 12, to which is
attached by vertical centres 13 (see Figure 1), screwed through the same;
another head 14 (the two together forming an universal joint), to which are
bolted two flat parallel bars 15 disposed one on each side of the head 14,
which bars extend towards the right-hand end of the machine, where a
handle 16 is provided by which the operator guides the tracer and cutting
tools, as herein-after described. These parallel bars extend over the two
tables H and H' and chucks I and I', and at their right-hand ends they are
bolted to the opposite sides of the bracket or frame 17, shewn in detail
elevation and plan at Figures 8 and 9. This frame 17 should be so situate
as to be capable of passing over the centre of the right-hand mandrill G',
which turns in the fixed head D¹, and it carries a vertical adjustable cylindrical
spindle 18, at the lower end of which a nose 19 is screwed, to which tracers
20 of various sizes and shapes are also screwed. The upper portion of this
rod is screwed, and it is raised, lowered, and fixed by back and front set
nuts 21. 21 is a spring which tends always to keep the spindle 18 and the
steel bush attached to the lower nut 21, through which the spindle is screwed;
jammed in an upward direction. It is also provided with a longitudinal slot
into which a guide is forced by a spring 22, for the purpose of guiding the
same and preventing the spindle from turning when being adjusted. A small
indicator or finger 23, centred to the frame 17 and resting upon nuts.24
carried by the spindle 18 which carries the tracer point, serves to indicate the
length or amount of wear taking place in the cutting tool berein-after referred
to. Another frame 25 carrying the cutting tool 26 is also attached to the
two parallel bars 15 before referred to, which can be moved along the same
to any required position; this is effected by a pinion 27 carried by the said
frame and gearing into a rack 28 extending along and contained between the
parallel bars 15. The varying weight or strain on the bars 15 according to
the position of the moveable frame thereon is compensated by means of a
tension rod 29 attached to such bars, and connected by a bell crank 30 and
gut 81 with an adjustable spring 32 attached to the lower portion of the left-
hand standard A of the machine. The bars 15 are kept elevated when the
machine is out of action by a pin passed through the bell crank 30 and into
one or other of a series of holes made in a curved bracket, as shewn clearly
in Figure 1. They are also locked or prevented when out of action from
swinging laterally by a pin passing through an arm joined to the bell
crank 30 and entering a hole in the head 14, to which the bars are
attached. When commencing a piece of work a strong mandrill 33 (see

page_text: detail, Figure 10,) is placed in the moveable frame 25 in a vertical
position, being held by a collar 34 below and a centre screw 35 above.
To a holder 36 screwed into the lower end of this mandrill there is
screwed a rose cutter 26 (shewn in enlarged detail at Figure 11); but
when the finer operations have to be performed the said mandrill 33 is
removed, and a lighter one 37 (shewn in detail elevations at Figure 12, in
transverse section at Figure 13, and in plan of the under side at Figure 14)
is substituted, carrying differently formed cutters herein-after described. In
this case a temporary collar 38 is to be added, which is firmly held down by a
lever 39 acted upon by a screw 40, both of which are contained within the
moveable frame 25; the end of the lever 39 is provided with an inclined pro-
jection which engages with a V notch in the temporary collar 38 (shewn in
Figure 18) by the action of the screw 40, thus holding the collar or loose bush
in its place. These mandrills are driven from the large, wheel 41 fast on the
crank shaft 5 by a thin gut or band 42. This gut passes round a sheave on
the mandrill and thence round one of the guide pulleys 43 carried by the
frame 25; it then returns round the opposite side of the sheave on the mandrill
and round the second of the two guide pulleys 43, whence it returns to sheave
on the mandrill, and both parts of the gut then pass over the horizontal and
vertical guide pulleys at 44, and thence pass round the large wheel 41. The
proper amount of tension of the gut is maintained by passing it. round a
pulley 45 carried on the end of a light adjustable arm 46 in front of the large
wheel 41, which arm is attached to a pulley 47, and made to increase or
diminish the tension of the gut band 42 by the action of a spiral spring 48 in
connection with such pulley and with a drum 49 and hand wheel 50, provided
with holes for locking on to a catch 51.
I shall now proceed to describe the mode of and means for ascertaining
the correct length of cutter with relation to the tracer. At the back of the
right-hand end of the machine, and attached to a curved slotted bracket 52,
level with and fixed to the side of the main table B, there is fitted a horizontally
adjustable vertical socket 53 (see detail, Figure 15), carrying a vertically
adjustable spindle 54 fixed by a lateral set-screw 55; on the top of this spindle
there is provided a horizontal smooth surface 56 (the position of which only
is shewn in Figure 2), so situate that the tracer point 20 can be readily brought
over and inade to rest upon the centre of such smooth surface, the rod or stem
of the tracer being pressed against a guide bar 57 in order to insure the
placing of the point of the tracer on the same spot at each separate adjustment,
that is to say, each time the cutter has been removed for sharpening or for
changing for another form of cutter. This smooth surface consists of a

page_text: hardened piece of steel which is let into the top of the adjustable spindle 54
and projects slightly above it, as shewn in dotted lines in Figure 15, a set
screw 56* serving to hold it in its place. Another moveable. socket 58 is
made adjustable along the slotted plate 59, which is bolted to the main table
of the machine, the position of such socket being indicated by dotted lines
only in Figure 2. At Figures 17 and 18 I have represented an enlarged
detail sectional elevation and plan of this socket with the parts connected
therewith. Within this socket there is fitted the stem of a vertically adjustable
table 60 carrying an overhanging plate 60*, which may be roughly adjusted
to any desired height by the vertical adjústing screw 61, and fixed in position
by the pinching screw 62. To the front edge of the plate 60*, and at the left-
hand corner thereof, there is fitted by means of the adjusting screws 63 a
plate 64 (shown on a larger scale in the detail side elevation, Figure 19), to
which plate 64 is secured the end 65 of a long flexible arm or indicator 66,
the free end 67 of which should in its adjusted position be so nearly in contact
with the surface of the plate 68 situate beneath it that the finest possible line
of light can be seen between them. The object of the plate 64 is to enable
the indicator to be suspended in a central position between the plates 60* and
68. The plate 68 is also attached to the plate 60*, and -is capable of adjust-
ment towards or from the under side of the plate 60* by the screw 69. 70 is
a powerful magnifier attached to the plate 60*, adjustable in any desired
position by the aid of the slotted plate 71 and joints 72; the object of this
magnifier being to facilitate the observation of the exact position of the end
of the indicator as regards the plate 68.
: I shall now proceed to describe the mode of ascertaining the correct size of
cutter in relation to the tracer. Behind the horizontal smooth surface, 56
(see Figures 15 and 16) there is a small A-shaped projection or ridge 73 (the
position of which is indicated in Figure 2) attached to a sliding plate 74 so
arranged that by placing the said tracer point on each side alternately of the
řidge and moving such ridge laterally a distance equal to the width of the
ridge at its base or broadest part, and by turning the cutter, which is at the
same time brought on to a piece of wax or other suitable impressable material
75 placed on the end of the plate 68* at the back of the indicator 66, hollow
dots will be produced in the wax, which dots, if perfectly round and just
touching one another at their circumference, and their depth being equal to
half their diameter, will indicate that the size of the cutter is correct in relation
to the size of the tracer. An adjusting screw 69* serves to elevate the wax
surface until the point of the cutter sinks to the proper depth therein.
In using this machine the operator first adjusts his work on the chuck I

page_text: and the enlarged copy of the medallion on the chuck I'; he then adjusts the
position of the moveable frame 25 along the bars 15 according to the amount
of reduction required; the smaller the copy the nearer will be the frame 25 to
the left-hand end of the machine; he then adjusts the head D with its chuck I
holding the work so as to bring the centre of the mandril which carries the
chuck under the point of the cutter. The heighth of the cutter 26 and tracer
point 20 is now adjusted so that a horizontal line.drawn through the centres 11
shall just touch the points of the cutter and tracer respectively, the bars 15
being at the same time also in a horizontal position. The pattern is now
raised by suitable adjusting screws until the medium depth or height just touches
the point of the tracer, after which the work is similarly elevated until it comes
in contact with the point of the cutter, where it is fixed by screws or other
means. The size of tracer is then selected according to the work to be
produced, and the relative size of the cutter as regards the tracer ascertained
by the use of the wax surface herein-before referred to. The machine is now
ready for operation, but in order to ensure the placing of the cutters
subsequently employed at the same height as the one already adjusted, the
bars 15 are moved laterally, so as to bring the tracer point upon the smooth
surface 56, which movement will bring the point of the cutter over the
indicator 66 carried by the vertically adjustable plate 60*; this plate is then
elevated by the screw 61 until the fixed end of the indicator is brought nearly
in contact with the point of the cutter. The finer adjusting screw 61* is now
brought into action until the indicator comes into actual contact with the
cutter, the point of contact being shown by the red line in Figure 17; the
instant that contact takes place will be clearly shown by the dipping of the
free end of the indicator, the adjustment being continued until only the
faintest line of light can be observed between the end of the indicator and the
surface of the plate 68. As the cutter wears shorter it is lowered by screwing
up the tracer spindle until the point of the cutter deflects the indicator 66 to
the same amount as it did in the first instance, the tracer point resting at the
same time upon the smooth surface 56. The operator then draws the bars 15
forward, so as to bring the tracer point 20 over the medallion and the cutter
over its work, and the machine being started a rotatory motion will be
conveyed to the cutter by the band or gut 42. The screw M transmits at the
same time a rotatory motion to the chucks I and I', and the operator then
traverses the tracer and cutter to and fro over the work and pattern until the
entire surface has been roughened out by the aid of the "rose" cutter or
roughened tool, Figure 11. He then inserts the smaller mandrill and

page_text: temporary collar with the finer tool of the shape shown in Figure 20, and
continues the operation, using finer tools as the work approaches completion.
In preparing or manufacturing the cutters to be employed in the medallion
machine herein-before described I make use of the machinery or apparatus
shown on Sheet 3 of my Drawings. Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation,
and Figure 2 a corresponding plan of a machine for making "rose"
" cutters
similar to that shown at Figure 11 (Sheet 2). The large cutters are first turned
in a lathe, and the centre drilled out to about one-fourth the diameter of the
cutter, and to a depth of about three-fourths the diameter of such cutter. This
cutter partly formed is afterwards screwed into a long holder A having distance
measurements on a circular plate B (shown in detail front elevation at Figure 3),
which plate is screwed on to the other end of the said long holder A; the holder
and cutter A are now put into an adjustable frame C turning on centres b, and
adjustable radially in a vertical plane by the screw c. D is an adjustable plate
connected by a joint dat its front end to the fixed centre. e. By turning the
coupling piece on the centre e, the end of the plate D and with it the cutter
blank will be raised or lowered on to the top or against the front of the
circular file E. This mechanism is carried by a sliding plate F, which slides
horizontally along the guide bars G so as to bring the cutter blank towards or
from the file E in a horizontal direction. An adjustable stop H is connected
to the sliding plate F for the purpose of regulating its forward traverse, and
thereby controlling the amount of cut. The circular file E is carried upon
centres screwed to a fixed frame I of its own. The size and number of teeth
in the cutter to be produced are defined by the distance measurements on the
circular plate B before referred to; this plate has a series of circles of indents
formed therein, each circle containing a different number of indents according
to the size of the cutter and the number of teeth to be produced therein. By
turning the plate B, and with it the holder A and tool blank, and fixing the
same by inserting the end of the pinf into one or other of the opposite or
corresponding indents, it follows that the tool blank will be so presented to the
file as to receive the required tooth, each adjustment of the plate B producing
a fresh tooth. A vertical row of holes is provided in the pin holder g to
enable the pin to be placed opposite any one of the series of circles of indents
in the plate B, a spring & serving to hold the pin in its place. By this com-
bined apparatus the tool blank is caused to rotate on its axis, and receives
also a motion towards and from the file, as well as a curvilinear motion round
it so as to receive cuts on its end and side.
When making the smaller cutters (several views of which are shown in

page_text: larged detail elevation and plan at Figure 20 on Sheet 2 or my Drawing),
employ the apparatus or machine shown in elevation and plan at Figures 4.
d 5 respectively (Sheet 3). The smaller cutter is made by placing a piece
thin hardened steel wire a in a holder 6 capable of being screwed into the
naller mandrill of the engraving machine before referred to. This holder is
crewed into a long holder A having notches round a circular projection B
tuate at the end furthest from the cutter, such notches being at unequal
istances apart, as shewn by the detail Figure 6. This second holder A is
laced in an adjustable frame C, having a projection fat one end of it, into
hich projection the said notches lock. The holder A, with its notched
rojection B, being in position, the thin steel wire is brought on to a small
ircular stone E hung on centres screwed into a frame I of its own.. This
tone is made to revolve and cut a facet, which is repeated as many times as
there are notches in the circular projection, the bolder A being turned to .a
fresh notch as each facet is made. The steel wire a forming the cutter is,
moved to and from the grindstone by imparting a horizontal sliding motion
to the parts carrying the tool blank by means of the horizontal adjusting,
screw and hand wheel H, which causes that part of the mechanism to slide.
along the bed plate K. The vertical angle of the tool blank with relation to
the stone is adjusted by means of the screws L, L, which bear against the
under side of the pivotting table D working on centres g, g. In fine or
accurate adjustments I employ the adjusting screw h. The whole is adjusted
vertically by sliding in a socket 'M, a set screw N serving to fix the same at
any desired elevation. The holder A rests in forked guides i, i, and is held
down in its place by a horizontal spring rod, one end of which is shown.at k
in Figure 4. In order to keep the surface of the stone E true I employ a
small rubbing or grinding stone carried in a sliding holder.m, which slides
laterally along a dovetail projection on the top of the oscillating support n
working on centres o. An adjusting screw p serves to bring the top of the
support and up to the surface of the circular stone E. These fine cutters
are made of suitable length to allow for wear, and are fixed inside the holder or
screwed nozzle b, which is screwed into the tool-holding mandrill of the engraving
machine. When they have become too short for further adjustment in the en-
graving machine it becomes necessary to set them up or cause them to protrude
5 rather more beyond their holding nozzle b, and as this operation requires con-
siderable nicety of adjustment in order to insure the exact required amount of pro
jection of the tool, I propose to employ for that purpose the adjusting apparatus
shewn in side elevation and partly in section at Figure 7 (Sheet 8); thi
apparatus operates on precisely the same principle as the indicator 66 of th
เ

page_text: engraving machine herein-before referred to; it consists of a stand A provided
with an internally screwed vertical bracket B, into the lower end of which is
inserted the screwed plug a. The tool holder or nozzle 6 containing the tool
to be adjusted is screwed into the plug a, and a screw spindle c carrying a
short length of steel wire is screwed into the upper part of the bracket B.
A conical recess is formed on the top of the plug a to insure the entrance of
the steel wire into the central apperture of the nozzle b, so as to direct such
wire against the upper end of the cutter. Beneath the point of the cutter
there is placed a long flexible indicator C, which is centered at d to the stand A,
so as to admit of it being moved to one side, to allow of the introduction and
removal of the nozzle and tool. The free end of this indicator is pointed and
plays between two stops or points at e. The adjustment of the lenght of the
tool is effected by screwing down the screw spindle c, which causes the steel
wire attached thereto to force the tool more or less out of the holding nozzle b.
So soon as the point of the tool comes in contact with the indicator C. such
contact is clearly indicated by the dipping of the point of the indicator,
which shews that the proper length of tool has been protruded beyond its
holder.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First, the peculiar combination of machinery or apparatus for the pro-
duction of reduced copies of medallions and matrices arranged and operating
as herein-before described, and illustrated on Sheets 1 and 2 of my Drawings.
Second, the peculiar construction, arrangement, and combination of appa-
ratus or mechanism for manufacturing and preparing the tools to be employed
in the engraving of medallions, matrices, or dies as herein-before described,
and illustrated on Sheet 3 of my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles John Hill, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, the Fifth day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-seven.