IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CALENDERING. Mangling, or FINISHING WOVEN FARRICS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Walton Urquhart and Joseph Lindsay,
of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, Engineers, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
CALENDERING. Mangling, or FINISHING WOVEN FARRICS."
"
Sealed the 21st February 1873, and dated the 18th December 1872.
PROVISIONAL SECIFICATION left by the said William Walton Urquhart
and Joseph Lindsay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 18th December 1872.
We, WILLIAM WALTON URQUHART and JOSEPH LINDSAY, of Dundee,
in the County of Forfar, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR CALENDERING, MANGLING, OR FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements whereby the finishing of
woven fabrics may be rendered more uniform than by existing hydraulic
calenders or mangles, and whereby the various operations may be

page_text: accomplished more conveniently and expeditiously. The improved
machinery or apparatus is less liable to derangement or fracture from
excessive strains such as occur when the fabric that is being operated
upon becomes accidentally folded or creased.
In carying out the Invention, what are known as hydraulic accumu-
lators are used for maintaining a supply of water under pressure to the
hydraulic pressure cylinders, and these accumulators are made available
as relief appliances by connecting them to the cylinders by compara-
tively large pipes or water ways, so that when an excessive strain acts
on the cylinders the water may pass easily back to the accumulators. In
this way also a certain amount of clasticity is imparted to the rollers or
mangling cylinders, not hitherto satisfactorily obtained with bydraulic
appliances or by weighted levers. Each hydraulic pressure cylinder, or
each machine may have a separate accumulator in connection with it,
or a a single accumulator may be applied in connection with two or more
machines. The ram of the hydraulic cylinder is by preference fixed on
the machine, whilst the cylinder itself is applied, mouth upwards, on the
top of the journal bearing of the upper roller, that is, when the pressure
is applied downwards on the upper roller; it is however intended in some
cases to apply pressure upwards, directly under the lower roller, either
alone or in combination with the downwardly applied pressure, and in
that case the cylinder for applying the pressure upwards will be fixed
and the ram movable.
The hydraulic cylinders may act either directly on the rollers or through
levers; or weighted levers or their equivalent may be combined with the
hydraulic cylinders, the latter yielding to strains and so rendering it
unnecessary for the weights to move to any great extent.
The cloth roller is moved into and held in position between the
calendering or mangling rollers by a circular frame which also carries
two or more other rollers. This circular frame is mounted so as to hold
one of the rollers in a convenient position for being filled with cloth at
what may be termed the entering side of the machine, whilst it holds a
third roller at the other side of the machine in a convenient position for
being stripped. Then when one roller full of cloth has been operated on,
the circular frame is turned to carry that roller forward to the stripping
position, and at the same time moves a newly filled roller into the
middle, and brings round a stripped roller into the position for being
Alled.

page_text: The circular frame may be arranged to carry the cloth rollers round
the lower calendering or mangling roller, or it may be arranged to
carry them round the upper one; and it is by preference mounted eccen-
trically as regards the large roller, round which it carries the cloth
5 rollers, so as to withdraw the latter from contact with the former when
taking them out of the middle position.
The proper gearing and appliances are provided for the filling and
stripping operations at the corresponding positions of the circular frame,
and at the filling place the stretching or tension rails are made adjustable
(or it may be sufficient to make one of them so), so that the tension
or drag on the cloth may be altered to suit different fabrics. With
these arrangements the cloth rollers need never be removed from the
machine.
With the view of avoiding the great wear and expence with frictional
driving cones from the constant reversing required in mangling, two
hydraulic rams are applied for driving, being fitted with racks which
gear on opposite sides of a pinion fast on a shaft, having also fast on it
a spur wheel in gear with a pinion on the shaft of the mangle roller.
The hydraulic rams are made to act alternately, and by means of the
racks and wheels turn the roller to the necessary extent in opposite
directions. A single cylinder with a piston instead of a ram, and acting
both ways, may be used instead of the two cylinders and rams. Tho
gearing between the hydraulic cylinder or cylinders and the roller or
rollers may be varied to suit different cases.
For automatically reversing the motion of the mangling rollers and.
particularly when it is desired that the reversal shall take place at
intervals of a gradually changing duration, and either with the hydraulic
driving apparatus or with frictional cones driven by belts or with fast
and loose pulleys, a rack is moved backwards and forwards by a small
pinion in connection with one of the mangling rollers, and by means of a
stud or projection acts on stop pieces on a rod or spindle connected to a
lever which acts on the valve gear of the hydraulic apparatus, or on the
frictional cones or belts of the belt driving mechanism. The spindle
or rod is screwed, and being turned at a suitable speed, in any convenient
way, gradually moves the stop along it, so that the stud of the rack
encounters it after a different interval each time. Or the screwed spindle
may be made to gear with the pinion instead of the rack, and by being
driven. faster or slower will cause the rollers to revolve. further in, one-

page_text: direction than in the other. The same effect is also obtainable by means
of differential pinions put respectively into or out of gear accordingly as
it is wished to make the rollers reverse at equal or unequal intervals.
SPECÍFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Walter Urquhart and Joseph Lindsay
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th June 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we; WILLIAM
WALTON URQUHART and JOSEPH LINDSAY, of Dundee, in the County of
Forfar, North Britain, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her:
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto us, the said William Walton Urquhart and
Joseph Lindsay, Her special licence that we, the said William Walton
Urquhart and Joseph Lindsay, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as wc, the said William Walton Urquhart and Joseph
Lindsay, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time.
agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CALENDERING, MANGLING, OR FINISHING
WOVEN FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
William Walton Urquhart and Joseph Lindsay, our executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Walton Urquhart and
Joseph Lindsay, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,

page_text: described and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say:→
Our said Invention relates to improvements whereby the finishing of
woven fabrics may be rendered more uniform than by existing hydraulic
calenders or mangles, and whereby the various operations may be accom-
plished more conveniently and expeditiously. Our improved machinery
or apparatus is less liable to derangement or fracture from excessive
strains, such as occur when the fabric that is being operated upon
becomes accidentally folded or creased.
In carrying out our Invention, what are known as hydraulic accumu-
lators are used for maintaining a supply of water under a regular and
uniform pressure to the hydraulic pressure cylinders, and these accumu-
lators are made available as relief appliances by connecting them to the
cylinders by comparatively large pipes or water ways, so that when an
excessive strain acts on the cylinders the water may pass easily back to
the accumulators. In this way also a certain amount of elasticity is
imparted to the rollers or mangling cylinders not hitherto satisfactorily
obtained with hydraulic appliances or by weighted levers. Each
hydraulic pressure cylinder or each machine may have a separate accu-
mulator in connection with it, or a single accumulator may be applied
in connection with two or more machines.
And in order that our said Invention (comprising other improvements
besides the one herein-before referred to) and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, we hereunto append two Sheets
of explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to, and representing
various modifications of machinery or apparatus embodying our improve-
ments. In these Drawings the same reference numerals are used to
mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of the Drawings is an end elevation of onc
modification of our improved calendering, mangling, or finishing machine.
Figure 2 is a front elevation of a portion of the machine, and Figure 3
is a vertical section showing the arrangement of the hydraulic cylinders:
and ram.
.

page_text: In Figures 1 and 4 the toothed gearing is indicated by red pitch
circles; and in all the Figures various well known or easily understood
details are omitted to avoid complication and indistinctness in the
Drawings.
"
In both modifications the parts are carried by framing, consisting
principally of a pair of massive housings or end standards 1, connected
by tie rods 2. There are in each case two calendering rollers 3, 4, the
lower one 4 being in stationary bearings and driven by gearing 5 of the
usual kind, and which will be easily understood from the Drawings.
The upper roller 3 is carried in bearing blocks 6, which are movable
vertically in the housings, and which are pressed down when the
machine is in action by hydraulic cylinders 7. The rams 8 of the
cylinders are by preference fixed to the housings 1, as shown in both.
modifications, whilst each cylinder 7 is applied mouth upwards on the
bearing block 6; that is, when the pressure is applied downwards on the
upper roller 3. We however intend in some cases to apply pressure
upwards directly under the lower roller 4, either alone or in com-
bination with the downwardly applied pressure, and in such cases the
cylinder for applying the pressure upwards will be fixed, and the ram
movable below movable bearing blocks applied to the bearings of the
lower roller 4.
An accumulater such as we prefer to use for supplying water under
pressure to the cylinders 7 is shown in partially sectioned elevation in
Figure 6, and in horizontal section in Figure 7. It is simply a vertical
hydraulic cylinder 9, with a ram 10, loaded with the weights 11 required
to impart the desired pressure, and is itself supplied with water through
a pipe 12 from hydraulic pumps, such as are used for hydraulic presses.
The water is led from the accumulater 9 to the cylinder 7 of the
calendering machine by piping 13, which, as hercin-before mentioned,
is made of a comparatively large size, in order that water may pass back
to the accumulater quickly and freely when' any excessive strain acts
on the cylinders. Were it not for securing this important advantage
the piping 13 need not be larger than the pipe 12. A stop valve 14 is
fitted to the piping to control the action of the water in the cylinders 7,
and a branch pipe 15, with its stop valve, is provided for the returned or
discharged water.
For lifting the upper roller 3, when removing and entering a roller 16,
with the cloth or fabric on to be calendered, hydraulic cylinders 17

page_text: are provided. In the modification shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, each
such cylinder 17 is formed on the upper side of the piece 18, having the
ram 8 of the downward pressure cylinder on its under side, and the
ram 19 is connected by rods 20 to the bearing block 6.
In the modification shown in Figures 4, 5, the simpler arrangement is
adopted of placing the cylinder 17 below the roller, with the ram 19
acting directly up against the bearing block 6. These lifting cylin-
ders 17 are supplied with water from the accumulator 9 by small branch
pipes 20 with their stop valves, and connected to the larger pipes 13
(Figures 6, 7,).
The hydraulic pressure cylinders (7) may act either directly on the
rollers (3) or through levers, or weighted levers or their equivalents
may be combined with the hydraulic cylinders, the latter yielding to
strains, and so rendering it unnecessary for the weights to move to any
great extent.
The cloth roller 16 is moved into and held in position between the
calendering or mangling rollers 3, 4, by a circular frame 21, which also
carries two other cloth rollers 22, 23; or there might be more than three
rollers to one frame if found desirable. This circular frame 21 consists
of two ring-shaped ends connected by tie rods 24, and situated inside of
each end standard or housing 1, each being supported and guided on a
ring-flanged plate 25 fixed to the housing. The frame 21 holds one 22
of the cloth rollers in a convenient position for being filled with cloth
at what may be termed the entering side of the machine, whilst it holds
the third cloth roller 23 at the other side of the machine in a convenient
position for being stripped. Then when one roller 16 full of cloth has
been operated on the circular frame 21 is turned to carry that roller
forward to the stripping position, and at the same time moves a newly
filled roller 22 into the middle, and brings round a stripped roller 23 into
the position for being filled.
The circular frame 21 may be arranged to carry the cloth rollers
round the lower calendering or mangling roller 4, as shown in the
Drawings, or it may be arranged to carry them round the upper one 3;
and it is by preference mounted eccentrically as regards the large
roller 4, round which it carries the cloth rollers. Toothed rings 26 are
fixed in segments on each end of the circular frame 21 for turning it by,
and are in gear with pinions 27 on a shaft having also fast on it a spur

page_text: wheel 28 in gear with a pinion on a hand wheel shaft 29. The cloth
rollers 16, 22, 23, have their journals in bearing blocks 30 fitted to slide
in radial guides in the circular frame 21, and when this frame is turned
round cams or curved inclines on the plates 25, and indicated by dotted
lines at 31 in Figures 1 and 4, are encountered by parts of the cloth
roller journals, and guide the rollers into position between the calen-
dering rollers 3, 4, on the entering side, and make them move outwards
into the stripping position on the other side.
For winding the cloth upon the roller at 22 there is a clutch to engage
with the end of the roller journal, and which is on the end of a short
shaft 32 having on it a spur wheel in gear with a second short shaft 33,
on which last there is a pulley 34 to receive a driving belt from any
convenient overhead shaft. The cloth, shown by blue lines in Figures 4,
5, is drawn over and between a set of five breadthening and smoothing
rails indicated by dotted lines in Figure 4, and carried by brackets 35.
One of these rails is made adjustable in order to vary the tension and
frictional resistance that is applied to the cloth to suit different kinds
and qualities by vertical screws at each end, these screws being turned
simultaneously by means of bevil wheels from a horizontal shaft having
a hand wheel 36 on one end.
When stripping the cloth roller at 23 the fabric is simply drawn off
by any convenient machinery.
With the various arrangements herein-before described it is obvious
that the cloth rollers 16, 22, 23, need never be removed from the
machine.
With the view of avoiding the great wear and expence which arises
with frictional driving cones from the constant reversing required in
mangling, we apply another part of our Invention, shown in Figures 8, 9,
on Sheet 2 of the Drawings, these Figures being a sectional plan and a
sectional elevation. We use two hydraulic rams 37, 38, for driving the
calendering roller 4, these rams working in vertical cylinders 39, and
being fitted with racks 40, 41, which gear on opposite sides of a pinion
42, fast on a shaft 48, having also fast on it a spur wheel 44 in gear
with a pinion on the shaft of the roller 4. These toothed wheels are
indicated by red pitch circles in Figure 9. The hydraulic rams 37, 38,
are made to rise alternately, and by means of the racks 40, 41, and
wheels turn the roller 4 to the necessary extent alternately in opposite
directions. Antifriction rollers 45 are applied outside of the racks 40, 41,

page_text: "
to guide them, and to receive their lateral thrust. A single cylinder
with a piston instead of a ram and acting both ways may be used instead
of the two cylinders 39, and rams 37, 38.
The gearing between the hydraulic cylinder or cylinders and the
roller or rollers may be varied to suit different cases.
Figures 10 and 11 on Sheet 3 of the Drawings are a sectional plan
and elevation shewing our improved mechanism for automatically
reversing the motion of the mangling rollers 3, 4, when it is desired
that the reversal shall take place at intervals of a gradually changing
duration. It is shown combined with fast and loose driving pulleys 46,
with open and crossed belts, but it may be modified in simple and obvious
modes to suit our improved hydraulic driving apparatus or frictional
cone reversing gear. A rack 47 is moved backwards and forwards by a
small pinion 48 on the journal of one, 4, of the mangling rollers, and by
means of a stud 49 acts on stop pieces 50, 51, on a spindle 52, connected
to a lever 53 which acts on the reversing gear. The spindle 52 is
screwed and is turned by bevil wheels 54, through the boss of which it
moves, and to which it is geared by a longitudinal groove and key, and .
being turned at a suitable speed gradually moves one, 50, of the stops
along it so as to be encountered by the stud 49 of the rack 47 after a
different interval each time. The stop piece 50 moves in a guide (that
is not shown) to prevent it from turning with the spindle 52, or a
screwed spindle of suitable dimensions connected to the reversing gear
and made to revolve like the one 52 just described may be applied
directly in gear with a worm wheel on the roller journal, and will
produce the same result. The lever 53 is shown as connected to a lever
54', which by bevil wheels 55 gives motion to a shaft 56, having on it a
spur wheel 57 gearing with a rack on the under side of a truck 58
running on rails 59, and carrying the belt shifting forks 60.
.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, we have to state that we do not restrict
ourselves to the precise details herein described or delineated, but that
what we believe to be novel and original and claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
3 1. The arranging or combining together of the parts of machinery or
apparatus for calendering, mangling, or finishing woven fabrics, sub
stantially in the improved modes herein described and delineated.

page_text: 2. The supplying of the hydraulic pressure cylinders with water or
other suitable liquid under pressure by means of one or more accumu-
lators, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described.
3. The connecting of the accumulators to the pressure cylinders by
comparatively large pipes, substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described.
4. The herein-before described modes of applying the hydraulic
cylinders (7) and rams (8).
5. The arranging of two or more cloth rollers (16, 22, 23,) in a
revolving frame, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before
described.
6. The making of one or more of the entering rails (35) adjustable, as
and for the purposes herein-before described.
7. The driving of the calendering, mangling, or finishing rollers by
means of hydraulic rams and racks, as herein-before described.
8. The applying to calendering, mangling, or finishing machinery, or
apparatus of automatic reversing mechanism, substantially such as is
herein-before described with reference to Figures 10 and 11 of the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Lindsay, on behalf of the
said William Walton Urquhart and myself, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
]
Witness,
Edmund HunT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JOSEPH LINDSAY. (L.S.)