IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Garrett Tongue, of the Firm of Tongue and
Birkbeck, Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS." - A communication from abroad by Thomas
Robjohn, of the City, County, and State of New York, United States of
Sealed the 19th February 1867, and dated the 29th August 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Garrett Tongue
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th August 1866.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, Patent
Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to novel means of depositing the filling or weft
within the warp, and of forming the selvedge at one edge of the web. The
weft, yarn, or filling is taken from a bobbin spool or yarn beam arranged in
a suitable position by means of an eye-pointed needle, the length of which is
somewhat greater than the width of the warp or web to be woven, and which

page_text: is so arranged, applied, and operated as to have a longitudinal movement to
and fro in a direction transverse to the warps and properly timed in relation
with the harness motion of the loom to enter the warp from one side, pass
through it, and be withdrawn therefrom every time the shed is open by the
harness in the usual manner. By this movement the said needle is made to
carry the weft, yarn, or filling double through every shed of the warp. At
the opposite side of the warp to that at which the needle enters there is
arranged a suitably operated shuttle or equivalent device, such as is used in
sewing machines for carrying a locking thread, and the movement of which
is so timed that while the shed of the warp remains open after the passage of
the weft-carrying needle through it, and before the return of the said needle
commences, or immediately after the commencement of such return, the said
shuttle or its equivalent carries a yarn through the loop formed by the
doubling of the weft yarn at the eye of the needle, and so causes the doubled
weft yarn to be retained within the warp while the needle returns. The
yarn carried by the aforesaid shuttle or equivalent forms the selvedge yarn
on that side of the warp at which the said shuttle or equivalent works, and
the movement of the said shuttle or equivalent is so timed that it reaches its
greatest distance from the warp after passing through the doubled weft at the
same time as the needle completes its return movement, so that the weft yarn
and the selvedge yarn pull or are drawn against the other in such manner as
to form a tight selvedge. One advantage which these devices for depositing
the weft yarn or filling within the warp, and causing its retention therein, as
compared with the shuttle commonly employed, consists in the provision it
affords for the use of a greater length of weft yarn or filling, particularly in
looms for weaving tape, ribbon, or other narrow wares, to which on this
account the Invention is especially suitable, obviating, as it does, the frequent
stopping of the loom for the substitution of full shuttles for the spent ones;
another advantage which it is believed will result from the Invention,
particularly in weaving narrow wares, is the more rapid production of the
woven fabric by reason of the greater rapidity at which the filling or weft
needle may be worked as compared with the shuttle.
The present Invention also consists in a certain novel recessed construction
of the shuttle and needle whereby the shuttle may enter between the weft
yarn and needle before the formation of the loop by the retraction of the
latter, and the needle in retiring clear the shuttle though working in close
proximity thereto; likewise in a peculiar action of the reed, and in a novel
arrangement of a frictional weft tension device relatively to the weft-carrying
needle and guide of its stock; also in a peculiar combination and action of a

page_text: weft retractor.
The loom may consist of an ordinary warp beam, whip roll,
breast beam, take-up roll, and harness, arranged substantially in the usual
manner, but these parts may be arranged in any other suitable way. The
headle frames work in fixed upright guides upon the framing, and are operated
by treadles, the upward movements of which are produced by means of a
rotating studded barrel, and their downward movements by springs, but they
may be applied and operated in any other known or suitable manner, their
number being such as may be necessary for plain, twilled, or other weavings.
The reed is arranged in a vibrating frame attached to a rock shaft, and
substantially like the lay of an ordinary loom, but having no race board.
The reed frame instead of having a regular reciprocating motion, like the lay
of an ordinary loom, requires to have its motion produced more quickly to
give time for the needle to pass into and be withdrawn from the warp, and to
this end it is worked by means of a cam on the main shaft of the loom which
is in an upright position. This cam has its groove by which the reed frame
is operated of such form that it produces the forward and backward movement
of the lay during a small portion of each of its revolutions, one of which takes
place for every opening and crossing of the shed of the warp to beat up the
filling and afterwards return to its normal position against or in proximity to
the harness. Motion is or may be communicated from a cam to the vibrating
frame of the reed by means of a lever attached to a rock shaft, and fitting
at its opposite end by a projecting pin or roller in the groove of the cam, and
serving by its vibration of the rock shaft to operate a lever attached thereto, and
linked by a rod to the reed frame. The same lever may also answer to work the
treadles, that is, to give them their upward movement during the beating up of
the reed by means of a rod constructed to bite against or on a ratchet
wheel made fast to the shaft of a studded barrel, which is prevented from
back action by a spring resting thereon as usual in ratchet feeds or actions.
The manner of hanging and guiding the treadles, also the construction of
the harness, being the same as in ordinary looms or not necessarily different,.
need no minute reference here. Attached to the rock shaft of the reed.
frame is an arm which is connected by a rod to a lever that has a pawl forma-
tion at its lower end, which as the reed beats back acts against a ratchet
wheel, the shaft of which carries a screw gearing into a worm wheel fast"
to the take-up roll to give the necessary take-up action thereto, or the take-.
up roll may be differently operated. The main shaft may also be made to
drive in a direct manner the needle carrying the weft yarn and shuttle with
its interlacing or locking yarn as follows:- A crank fixed to the main shaft
is connected by a rod with the needle stock or holder, which accordingly has

page_text: a reciprocating motion given to it to project the eye-pointed needle with its
weft yarn through the shed of the warp and in due time to retire it therefrom
and return it to its original or starting position within a long sleeve, which
acts as a guide to the needle stock. The shuttle or its equivalent is on the
opposite side of the warp to that at which the needle enters; this shuttle
carries a reel, the yarn from which passes out through an eye in the shell of
the shuttle, which is seated loose in its carrier to permit of the shuttle passing
with its yarn through the loop of the weft yarn the same as if the said loop
were slipped or drawn over the shuttle after the manner of certain well-known
interlocking thread devices in sewing machines. The shuttle carrier may be
of an elastic character hinged in its rear to a reciprocating driver, and
adjustable in front thereof from below by a set screw to facilitate the passage
of the shuttle through the loop of the weft yarn. In order to give to the
driver its necessary reciprocation it may be secured to a shaft carrying an
arm which is operated by a rod through an eccentric on the main shaft.
The weft yarn is wound round a yarn beam spool or bobbin, and from
thence run through a guide on to or over a friction tension device or runner
regulated by a spring and screw nut to throw more or less tension on the
yarn accordingly as the running friction of said device is increased or
diminished, and from whence said yarn may be entered through guides
to and through an eye of a slack controller or weft retractor, and from
thence to and through the eye of the needle. This weft retractor is of
suitable form and construction, and may be made of wire twisted so as to rest
in a swinging and loose manner round a fixed pin and terminating in two
arms, the longer one of which has an eye at its end, and a short arm made
to rest over a slot in the needle holding guide, and when thrown fully back to
slightly lock in a notch or depression in or on said guide so as to restrain the
weft retractor from starting in its action till the pull on it of the weft yarn as
berein-after explained causes it to move towards the warp. Attached to the
needle or needle holder is a loop or arm, which works in and out of the slot in
the needle holding guide projecting above it, and that in the back stroke of
the needle strikes the short arm of the retractor and carries back the latter
with it. Motion being communicated to the main shaft, the warp filling and
interlacing yarns being first properly arranged and conducted with their
respective devices, and the shed being also open by the operation of the
harness, the eye-pointed needle moves forward towards the warp, while and
simultaneously or thereabouts the shuttle carrier with its shuttle travels
backwards, the needle in such movement drawing its supply of weft yarn
through the eye of the weft retractor, which latter by its short arm resting in

page_text: the notch on the sleeve remains stationary during the early portion of the
needle's forward motion, but as the front end of the needle passes with its
double line of filling through the sheds of the warp and beyond the latter,
said needle pulling on the weft yarn detaches the short arm of the retractor
from its holding notch, and draws said retractor forward, taking up yarn from
the weft bobbin, which yarn is controlled in its passage to the needle by the
tension device, which may be of any suitable construction. During this
movement of the needle through the warp the shuttle continues to retire, but
commences to advance before the needle finishes its forward stroke, or before
it commences its return one or thereabouts, in order that the shuttle may
enter between the needle and weft yarn while the latter is taut, that is, before
the loop is formed by the retraction of the needle. This obviates all risk of
the shuttle entering the loop, which being loose is apt to twist, and to
accomplish it the under forward portion of the needle is made with a recess to
admit of the shuttle point entering to interlace with the weft yarn before
slacking, while the upper forward portion of the shuttle is provided with a
recess to allow of the free backward passage of the point of the needle, also
enabling the needle and shuttle to work in closer proximity. The shuttle in
further advancing passes with its interlacing yarn through the loop of the
weft yarn left by the retiring needle. After the shuttle has cleared itself of
the filling by entirely passing through the loop of the latter it continues to
advance and the needle to retire, the latter intermediately of its return
striking by its arm the short arm of the weft retractor, and forcing back the
latter so as to tighten up the slack, and in connection with or by the retiring
action of the needle as the latter completes its return, which is simultaneous
or thereabouts with the shuttle completing its advance stroke, causing the
doubled weft yarn on the selvage side of the warp to pull on the interlacing
yarn, which not only serves to retain the doubled portion of the weft yarn
from being drawn out of the warp by the return of the needle, but also forms
the selvage yarn, which, as the shuttle completes its advance draws on or
against the weft yarn simultaneously with the pulling of the latter on the
interlacing yarn, and so makes tight the lock of said yarns against, and whilst
the reed beats up to form the web, said reed beating up during or at the
close of the return stroke of the needle, and retiring before the needle
commences to make its advance, or during the early portion thereof.
As in this improved construction of loom the needle draws its supply from
an outside bobbin or its equivalent a much larger amount of weft yarn can be
worked up without stopping the loom than where the filling is carried by a
shuttle, which soon spending itself renders necessary the frequent substitution

page_text: of full shuttles. The needle too, in most or all cases, may be worked quicker
than a shuttle carrying the filling, while the interlocking of the interlacing
yarn with the filling in the manner, described gives a tight straight selvage to
the warp; moreover, the short action of the reed," as compared with lay
motions generally, reduces wear on the warp yarns. A revolving or recipro-
cating hook may take the place of the shuttle bere described, such as in the
case of sewing machines act as substitutes for that device, and if dispensing
with the interlacing yarn they may in connection with the needle be made to
form a chain stitch of the warp and weft yarns on the selvage side.
Furthermore, this improvement is not restricted to weaving narrow ware,
as the same may be used for producing webs of considerable width; likewise
the loom may be constructed to simultaneously weave several webs, as in
ordinary narrow ware looms.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Garrett Tongue in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th February 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Garrett Tongue, Her special license that I, the said John Garrett
Tongue, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Garrett Tongue, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN Looms," a communication to me from abroad by Thomas
Robjohn, of the City, County, and State of New York, United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Garrett
Tongue, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe

page_text: and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:―
This Invention relates to novel means of depositing the filling or weft
within the warp, and of forming the selvedge at one edge of the web. The
weft yarn or filling is taken from a bobbin spool or yarn beam arranged in a
suitable position by means of an eye-pointed needle, the length of which is
somewhat greater than the width of the warp or web to be woven, and which
is so arranged, applied, and operated as to have a longitudinal movement to
and fro in a direction transverse to the warps, and properly timed in relation
with the harness motion of the loom to enter the warp from one side, pass
through it, and be withdrawn therefrom every time the shed is open by the
harness in the usual manner. By this movement the said needle is made to
carry the weft yarn or filling double through every shed of the warp. At the
opposite side of the warp to that at which the needle enters there is arranged
a suitably operated shuttle or equivalent device, such as is used in sewing
machines for carrying a locking thread, and the movement of which is so
timed that while the shed of the warp remains open after the passage of the
weft-carrying needle through it, and before the return of the said needle
commences, or immediately after the commencement of such return, the said
sbuttle or its equivalent carries a yarn through the loop formed by the
doubling of the weft yarn at the eye of the needle, and so causes the doubled
weft yarn to be retained within the warp while the needle returns. The yarn
carried by the aforesaid shuttle or equivalent forms the selvedge yarn on that
side of the warp at which the said shuttle or equivalent works, and the
movement of the said shuttle or equivalent is so timed that it reaches its
greatest distance from the warp after passing through the doubled weft at the
same time as the needle completes its return movement, so that the weft yarn
and the selvedge yarn pull or are drawn against the other in such manner as
to form a tight selvedge. One advantage which these devices for depositing
the weft yarn or filling within the warp, and causing its retention therein, as
compared with the shuttle commonly employed, consists in the provision it
affords for the use of a greater length of weft yarn or filling, particularly in
looms for weaving tape, ribbon, or other narrow wares to which on this

page_text: account the Invention is especially suitable, obviating as it does the frequent
stoppage of the loom for the substitution of full shuttles for the spent ones.
Another advantage which results from the Invention, particularly in weaving
narrow wares, is the more rapid production of the woven fabric by reason of
the greater rapidity at which the filling or weft needle may be worked as
compared with the ordinary shuttle.
The present Invention also consists in a certain novel recessed construction
of the shuttle and needle, whereby the shuttle may enter between the weft
yarn and needle before the formation of the loop by the retraction of the
latter, and the needle in retiring clear the shuttle though working in close
proximity thereto; likewise in a peculiar action of the reed, and in a novel
arrangement of a frictional weft tension device relatively to the weft-carrying
.needle and guide of its stock; also in a peculiar combination and action of a
weft retractor.
The Invention is illustrated by the accompanying Drawing, in which
Figure 1 is a plan of a loom with the Invention applied; Figure 2 is a front
elevation of the same with the breast beam and front of the framing removed
to expose the filling mechanism, which is partly in section to view; Figure 3
is a vertical section of the same parallel with the warp; Figure 4 is a side
view of the filling device; Figure 5 is a longitudinal view of the needle and
the stock in which it is held; Figure 6 is a side view of the shuttle; Figure 7
is a plan of the cam by which the reed is operated. Similar letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts in the several Figures.
The loom is represented as having the warp beam A, whip roll B, breast
beam C, 'take-up roll D, and harness E, E, arranged substantially in the usual
manner, but these parts may be arranged in any other suitable way. The
headle frames E, E, are represented as working in fixed upright guides F, F,
erected upon the framing G, and are operated by treadles I, I, the upward
movements of which are produced by means of a rotating studded barrel J, and
their downward movements by springs a, Figure 3, but they may be applied
and operated in any other known or suitable manner, their number being
such as may be necessary for plain, twilled, or other weavings; the warp is
represented in red color. The reed K is arranged in a vibrating frame K¹
attached to a rock shaft K³, and substantially like the lay of an ordinary loom,
but having no race board. The reed frame K instead of having a regular
reciprocating motion like the lay of an ordinary loom requires to have its
motion produced more quickly to give time for the needle to pass into
and be withdrawn from the warp, and to this end it is represented as worked
by means of a cam L on the main shaft M of the loom, which is shown in an

page_text: upright position.. This cam, of which Figure 7 is a plan view, has its groove
by which the reed frame is operated of such form that it produces the forward
and backward movement of the lay during a small portion of each of its
revolutions, one of which takes place for every opening and crossing of the shed
of the warp to beat up the filling, and afterwards return to its normal position
against or in proximity to the harness. Motion is or may be communicated
from the cam L to the vibrating frame K¹ of the reed by means of a lever N
attached to a rock shaft o, and fitting at its opposite end by a projecting pin or
roller in the groove of said cam; and serving by its vibration of the rock
shaft o to operate a lever P attached thereto and linked by a rod Q to the reed
frame K; the same lever P may also answer to work the treadles I, I,
that is, to give them their upward movement during the beating up of the
reed by means of a rod R constructed to bite against or on a ratchet
wheel J¹ made fast to the shaft of the studded barrel J which is prevented
from back action by a spring resting thereou as usual in ratchet feeds or
actions. The manner of hanging and guiding the treadles, also the construc-
tion of the harness, being the same as in ordinary looms or not necessarily
different, need no minute reference here. Attached to the rocker shaft K³ of
the reed frame is an arm 6 (seen more particularly Figure 8) which is connected
by a rod c to a lever d that has a pawl formation at its lower end, which as
the reed beats back acts against a ratchet wheel e, the shaft of which carries
a screw gearing into a worm wheel g, fast to the take-up roll D, to give
the necessary take up action thereto, or said roll may be differently operated.
The main shaft M may also be made to drive in a direct manner the needle
carrying the weft yarn and shuttle with its interlacing or locking yarn as
follows:-S is a crank fixed to the main shaft, and is connected by a rod S¹ with
a needle stock or holder S³, which accordingly has a reciprocating motion
given to it to project the eye-pointed needle S³ with its weft yarn through the
shed of the warp, and in due time to retire it therefrom and return it to its
original or starting position within a long sleeve S', which acts as a guide to
the needle stock; T is the shuttle or its equivalent on the opposite side of
the warp to that at which the needle enters. This shuttle carries a reel h,
the yarns from which passes out through an eye, in the shell of the shuttle
which is seated loose in its carrier T to permit of the shuttle passing with its
yarn through the loop of the weft yarn, the same as if the said loop were
slipped or drawn over the shuttle after the manner of certain well-known
interlocking thread devices in sewing machines. The shuttle carrier T may
be of an elastic character, hinged in its rear to a reciprocating driver T* and
adjustable in front thereof from below by a set screw i to facilitate the

page_text: passage of the shuttle through the loop of the weft yarn. To give to the
driver Tits necessary reciprocation it may be secured to a shaft U, carrying
an arm V which is operated by a rod W through an eccentric X on the main
shaft M. The weft yarn is wound round a yarn beam, spool, or bobbin Y, and
from thence run through a guide; on to or over a friction tension device or
runner regulated by a spring and screw nut m to throw more or less
tension on the yarn accordingly as the running friction of said device is
increased or diminished, and from whence said yarn may be entered through
guides n, o, to and through an eye p of a slack controller or weft retractor 2,
and from thence to and through the eye of the needle S³. This weft retractor
may be of the form and construction represented in Figures 1 and 2, where
it is shown as made of wire twisted so as to rest in a swinging and loose
manner round a fixed pin q, and terminating in two arms, the longer one of
which has the eye p at its end, and the shorter armr made to rest over
a slot in the needle holding guide S, and when thrown fully back to slightly
lock in a notch or depression in or on said guide, so as to restrain the weft
retractor from starting in its action till the pull on it of the weft yarn, as
herein-after explained, causes it to move towards the warp. Attached to the
needle or needle holder is a loop or arm t which works in and out of the slot
in the needle holding guide, projecting above it and that in the back stroke of
the needle strikes the short arm r of the retractor z, and carries back the
latter with it. Motion being communicated to the main shaft M, the warp
filling and interlacing yarns being first properly arranged and connected
with their respective devices and the shed being also open by the
operation of the harness, the eye-pointed needle S³ moves forward towards
the warp, while and simultaneously, or thereabouts, the shuttle carrier with
its shuttle T travels backwards, the needle in such movement drawing its
supply of weft yarn through the eye p of the weft retractor, which
latter by its short arm resting in the notch on the sleeve S remains
stationary during the early portion of the needle's forward motion, but as the
front end of the needle passes with its double line of filling through the sheds
of the warp and beyond the latter, said needle pulling on the weft yarn
detaches the short arm of the retractors from its holding notch and draws
said retractor forward, taking up yarn from the weft bobbin Y, which yarn
is controlled in its passage to the needle, by the tension device k, which
may be of any suitable construction; during this movement of the needle
through the warp the shuttle continues to retire, but commences to advance
before the needle finishes its forward stroke, or before it commences its return
one or thereabouts, in order that the shuttle may enter between the needle

page_text: and weft yarn while the latter is taut, that is, before the loop is formed by the
retraction of the needle. This obviates all risk of the shuttle entering the
loop, which being loose is apt to twist, and to accomplish it the under forward
portion of the needle is made with a recess v to admit of the shuttle point
entering to interlace with the weft yarn before slacking, while the upper
forward portion of the shuttle is provided with a recess to allow of the free
backward passage of the point of the needle, also enabling the needle and
shuttle to work in closer proximity. The shuttle in further advancing passes
with its interlacing yarns through the loop of the weft yarn left by the retiring
needle. After the shuttle has cleared itself of the filling by entirely passing
through the loop of the latter it continues to advance, and the needle to
retire the latter intermediately of its return, striking by its arm t the short
arm r of the weft retractor, and forcing back the latter, so as to tighten up
the slack, and in connection with or by the retiring action of the needle as
the latter completes its return, which is simultaneous or thereabouts with the
shuttle, completing its advance stroke, causing the doubled weft yarn on the
selvedge side of the warp to pull on the interlacing yarn s, which not only
serves to retain the doubled portion of the weft yarn from being drawn out of
the warp by the return of the needle, but also forms the selvedge yarn, which
as the shuttle completes its advance draws on or against the weft yarn
simultaneously with the pulling of the latter on the interlacing yarn, and so
makes tight the lock of said yarns against and whilst the reed beats up to
form the web, said reed beating up during or at the close of the return stroke
of the needle, and retiring before the needle again commences to make its
advance, or during the early portion thereof.
As in this improved construction of loom the needle draws its supply from
an outside bobbin or its equivalent a much larger amount of weft yarn can
be worked up without stopping the loom than where the filling is carried by
a shuttle which soon spending itself renders necessary the frequent substitution
of full shuttles. The needle, too, in most or all cases may be worked quicker
than a shuttle carrying the filling, while the interlocking of the interlacing.
yarn with the filling in the manner described gives a tight straight selvedge to
the warp. Moreover, the short action of the reed, as compared with lay
motions generally, reduces wear on the warp yarns. A revolving or re-ipro-
cating hook may take the place of the shuttle here described, such as in the
case of sewing machines act as substitutes for that device, and if dispensing.
with the interfacing yarn they may in connection with the needle be made to
form a chain stitch of the warp and weft yarns on the selvedge side. Further-
more this improvement is not restricted to weaving narrow ware, as the same

page_text: may be used for producing webs of considerable width; likewise the loom
may be constructed to simultaneously weave several webs, as in ordinary
narrow ware looms. The weaving of fabrics by the insertion of a doubled
weft thread secured by another thread passed through the looped end thereof
being well known no claim is intended to be made herein for such weavings
separately, this Invention having for its object improved arrangements of the
mechanism and parts of looms employed for this purpose, as herein-before
described.
Having thus fully described the nature of the Invention for improvements
in looms, communicated to me from abroad, it should now be understood that
the following are the novel features of improvement which are intended to be
secured and claimed under the grant of the Letters Patent herein-before in
part recited
First, the means or apparatus employed for inserting the filling or weft
thread into or between the warps of a loom, and causing its retention therein,
and in which arrangement an eye-pointed needle and a shuttle or its equivalent
operate in combination with each other and with the harness of the loom,
substantially in the manner herein described.
the
Secondly, in so applying and operating the said shuttle or equivalent that
yarn which it inserts through the loop or doubled weft (inserted through
the warp by the said needle) forms a regular straight selvedge yarn of the
warp on one side of the loom substantially in the manner herein described.
Thirdly, in so applying and operating the said shuttle or equivalent that it
completes its outward movement or reaches its greatest distance from the
warp at the same time, or thereabouts, as the weft inserting needle completes
its retiring movement, whereby the yarn carried by the said shuttle and the
filling are caused to pull or are drawn one against the other, and so made to
produce a proper or perfect selvedge, substantially in the manner herein
described.
Fourthly, the formation of a recess in the weft-carrying needle for the
free entry of the shuttle, substantially as herein described.
Fifthly, the formation of a recess น in the shuttle for the free
backward passage of the point of the needle, substantially as herein
described.
Sixthly, the arrangement of the frictional weft tension device k with respect
to the weft-carrying needle and the guide for its stock, to operate substantially
in the manner herein specified.
Seventhly, the mode of actuating the reed frame, in the manner herein
described.

page_text: Lastly, the arrangement and application of a weft retractor applied to
operate on the weft, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein
specified.
In witness whereof, I; the said John Garrett Tongue, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
JOHN G. TONGUE. (L.B.)