IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MEANS OF VENTILATING AND ATTEMPERATING CONSERVATORIES, HOTHOUSES, GREENHOUSES, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES OR OTHER ERECTIONS to be as follows
Year: 1884

page_text: I, CHARLES LAWRENCE, Manufacturer / Day, Davies, & Hunt, Patent Agents;.
321, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MEANS OF VENTILATING
AND ATTEMPERATING CONSERVATORIES, HOTHOUSES, GREENHOUSES, AND OTHER
ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES OR OTHER ERECTIONS to be as follows:-
"
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the method and means of
ventilating and attemperating conservatories, hothouses,, greenhouses, and other
analogous structures or other erections, or ranges of buildings such as cowsheds,
dairies, farm buildings, and schools, requiring a long range of equably distributed
fresh air, and it comprises novel and improved means and novel combinations of
means which are particularly applicable to the special purpose of the Invention.
Special objects of the Invention are to provide facilities for effecting a gentle
and continuous exchange of air, in certain modifications in a constant direction
which is not liable to be reversed, to keep such exchange under perfect control, to
cause fresh air to be admitted equably throughout the extent or any desired extent
of the structure and with an entire avoidance of draught, to prevent stagnation of
damp or impure air at any part, and to ensure the temperature to be approxi-
mately the same throughout, and where required such as in hothouses to provide
facilities for condensing the air within such structures or erections and to obtain
other advantages equally necessary for the proper and healthy cultivation and
successful propogation of exotic and other plants under glass.
To this end the Invention consists in the provision of improved means under
perfect control for causing an equable and gentle admission or exchange of air at the
lower part or parts and throughout the longitudinal extent or any desired extent
of the structure, and of means to be used in combination therewith for providing
for the escape or outlet of air at the upper part of the structure and preventing any
return or down draught.
Along the lower part or parts of one or more sides or ends of the structure there.
is constructed a chamber or chambers of either a single or a double formation
respectively providing for the inlet, or the inlet and outlet of air. The inner wall.
or side of this chamber or chambers when it is made of a single formation pro-
viding only for the inlet of air, (as also the. 'outer wall or side of the chamber or
chambers when made of a double formation providing for both the inlet and outlet
of air) is formed as a dead plate without any through openings, but the outer wall
of the, single formation, or the intermediate wall of the double formation may
consist of the lower part of the side or end of the building, and is formed with
through openings which in the single formation communicate directly with the

page_text: outer air and are formed equidistant apart with intervening spaces of equal extent
and which may be either plain or glazed. There is further adapted to the said
side or end walls one or more longitudinal slides or equivalent means (the number
principally depending upon the length or size of the structure,) which slide in
grooves and on rollers if need be, and these slides are also formed with through
openings equidistant apart to those in the said chamber or chambers, and with
intervening blanks or shutters of equal extent; and they are adapted and capable
of being operated in such a manner that the whole of the through openings leading
into or within the said chamber or chambers can be wholly or partly closed off
(one as much as another) to any desired extent. The top and bottom of each of
the said side or end chambers of either the single or double formation are formed
at opposite inclinations and are equally perforated with comparatively fine holes
or openings throughout their length: this peculiar formation is found to be of
considerable advantage in excluding the entrance of destructive insects and in
attaining the other objects of the present improvements, and effecting a lateral escape
(into within the greenhouse or other structure) in a minutely subdivided condition
of the air which enters the said chamber or chambers through the outer larger
openings, and through the perforations of the outer division of the double chamber
when used, and to this considerable importance is attached as all draught from an
entering current of air is avoided, preventing it from from too suddenly altering
the temperature, or from chilling any plants, and causing an equable distribution
of such entering air.
At the upper part of the greenhouse or other structure at or towards each end
or at any intermediate part, there is adapted one or more outlets or ventilating
shafts provided with automatic valves or equivalent means which permit of the
escape of air from within the structure but prevent any return current or down
draught. For this purpose it is found of advantage to use ventilators of the
principle of formation described in the Provisional Specification filed in respect of
the application by the said Charles Lawrence the present Applicant and by Eli
James Searle for Letters Patent No 4047. A.D. 1884. and for which Provisional
Protection has been duly granted, or of the principle of formation delineated in
Fig; 6, of the drawings accompanying the Specification of Letters Patent, No 746,
A.D. 1882. granted to Thomas Fitz-Gerald Wintour, but I in no way limit myself
to the use of these particular formations of ventilators, as I may with equal
advantage use ventilators of other construction in which any return or down
draught is automatically prevented, and I prefer to add or adapt to the shafts of
such ventilators an additional valve or equivalent means which can be operated and
shut off or opened as desired from within the greenhouse or other structure.
I can also adapt to the upper part or parts of the greenhouse or other structure in
addition to the said outlet ventilators, or to the upper openings of existing sashes
adapted for opening, a similar perforated chamber or chambers as hereinbefore
described with reference to their application to the lower parts of such structures.
Thus, as the inlets of air into within the structure can be adjusted as required but
always so as to ensure an equable and gentle distribution of air, and as the outlets
are also under perfect (and so far as the upper outlets are concerned, independent,)
control, and as a return or down draught of cold air is quite prevented, the objects
of the Invention are fully attained, and a perfect system of ventilation and
attemperation results, and moreover, the improvements are of advantage in saving
the necessity and expense of opening sashes and lights in greenhouses and other
like buildings, and in attaining other important advantages.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, CHARLES LAWRENCE, Manufacturer, o, Day, Davies & Hunt, Patent Agents,
321, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MEANS OF VENTILATING
AND ATTEMPERATING CONSERVATORIES, HOTHOUSES, GREENHOUSES, AND OTHER
ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES, OR OTHER ERECTIONS," and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the method and means of
ventilating and attemperating conservatories, hothouses, greenhouses, and other
analogous structures or other erections, or ranges of buildings such as cowsheds,
dairies, farm buildings, and schools, requiring a long range of equably distributed
fresh air, or such as handlights and pitlights, and it comprises novel and improved
means and novel combinations of means which are particularly applicable to the
special purpose of the Invention.
+
Special objects of the Invention are.to provide facilities for effecting a gentle and
continuous exchange of air, in certain modifications in a constant direction which
is not liable to be reversed, to keep such exchange under perfect control, to cause
fresh air to be admitted equably throughout the extent or any desired extent of
the structure and with an entire avoidance of draught, to prevent stagnation
of damp or impure air at any part, and to ensure the temperature being approxi-
mately the same throughout, and where required such as in hothouses to provide
facilities for condensing the air within such structures or erections, and to obtain
other advantages equally necessary for the proper and healthy cultivation and
successful propogation of exotic and other plants under glass.
To this end the Invention consists in the provision of improved means under
perfect control for causing an equable and gentle admission or exchange of air at
the lower part or parts and throughout the longitudinal extent or any desired
extent of the structure, and of means to be used in combination therewith for pro-
viding for the escape or outlet of air at the upper part of the structure and
preventing any return or down draught.
The Invention is illustrated on the accompanying drawings as applied to a con-
servatory of which Fig; 1, represents a side elevation, Fig; 2, a longitudinal
section, and Fig; 3 a transverse section.
Along the lower part or parts of one or more sides or ends of the structure there
is constructed a chamber or chambers, 1, of either a single or a double formation
respectively providing for the inlet or the inlet and outlet of air. The inner wall
or side, 2, of this chamber or chambers, when it is made of a single formation.
providing only for the inlet of air as illustrated on the accompanying drawings, (as
also the outer wall or side of the chamber or chambers when made of a double

page_text: '
formation providing for both the inlet and outlet of air) is formed as a dead plate
without any through openings, but the outer walls, 3, of the single formation, or
the intermediate wall of the double formation may consist of the lower part of the
side or end of the building, and is formed with through openings, 4, which in the
single formation communicate directly with the outer air as represented in the left
hand side of Fig; 3. and are formed equidistant apart with intervening and closed
spaces, 5, of equal extent and which may be either plain or glazed. There is further
-adapted to the said side or end walls, one or more longitudinal slides, 6, or equi-
valent means (the number principally depending upon the length or size of the
structure) which slide in grooves, 7, and on rollers if need be, and these slides are
also formed with through openings, 8, equidistant apart with those in the chamber
or chambers, 1, and with intervening blanks or shutters,, 9, of equal extent, and
they are adapted and capable of being operated in such a manner that the whole
of the through openings, 4, leading into or within the chamber or chambers, 1, can
be wholly or partly closed off (one as much as another) to any desired extent, as
represented in Fig; 3. The top, bottom and ends, 10, of each of the side or end
chambers, 1, of either the single or double formation, are formed at opposite
inclinations and formed of wire gauze or are equally perforated with comparatively.
fine holes or openings throughout their extent: this peculiar. formation is found
to be of considerable advantage in excluding the entrance of destructive insects
and in attaining the other objects of the present improvements, and effecting a
deflected lateral escape (into within the greenhouse or other structure) in a
minutely subdivided condition of the air which enters the chamber or chambers, 1,
through the openings, 4, 8, and to this considerable importance is attached, as all
draught from an entering current of air is avoided, preventing it from too suddenly"
altering the temperature, or from chilling any plants, and causing an equable
distribution of. such entering air.
At the upper part of the greenhouse or other structure, at or towards each end
or at any intermediate part, there is adapted one or more outlets or ventilating
shafts, 11, provided with automatic valves, 12, or equivalent means which permit
of the escape of air from within the structure but prevent any return current or
-down draught. For this purpose it is found of advantage to use ventilators of
the principle of formation described in the Specification of Letters Patent,
N° 4,047, A.D. 1884. granted to the said Charles Lawrence the present Applicant,
and to Eli James Searle, or of the principle of formation delineated in Fig; 6, of
the drawings accompanying the Specification of Letters Patent, N° 746. A.D. 1882
granted to Thomas Fitz-Gerald Wintour, but I in no way limit myself to the use
of these particular formations of ventilators, as I may with equal advantage use
ventilators of other construction in which any return or down draught is auto-
matically prevented, and I prefer to add or adapt to the shafts of such ventilators
an additional valve or to adapt to an outlet opening, 13, in the roof, 14, of the
structure, other equivalent means such as an adjustable shutter, 15, which can be
operated and shut off or opened as desired from within the greenhouse or other
structure by depending chains, 16, or other suitable means. I also adapt to the
upper part or parts of the greenhouse or other structure in addition to the said
outlet ventilators, (or to the upper openings of existing sashes adapted for
opening) a similar perforated chamber or chambers, or part or parts, 17, 18, to
that or those herein before described as applied to the lower parts of such structures.
Thus, as the inlets of air into within the structure can be adjusted as required but
always so as to ensure an equable and gentle distribution of air, and as the outlets
are also under perfect (and so far as the upper outlets are concerned, independent,)
control, and as a return or down draught of cold air is or can be quite prevented,
-the objects of the Invention are fully attained and a perfect system of ventilation
and attemperation results, and moreover, the improvements are of advantage in
saving the necessity and expense of opening sashes and lights in greenhouses and
other like buildings, and in attaining other important; advantages,
.:

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The herein before described improved method and means of ventilating and
attemperating conservatories and other erections, such improvements consisting:
1. In the application to the lower part or parts of one or more sides or ends of
the structure, of a chamber or chambers of a single or double formation, formed
with a dead plate or plates, and with opposite through openings alternating with
closed parts, and with perforated sides and ends formed at opposite inclinations, in
combination with one or more longitudinal slides, or shutters similarly formed with
alternating openings and closed parts, adapted thereto so as to be capable of more
or less closing off the through openings of the chamber or chambers, substantially
as and for the purposes hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
2. In combination with such means; the application to the upper part of the
structure at any convenient or suitable part of one or more outlets or ventilating
shafts provided with automatic valves or like means which permit of the escape of
air from within the structure but prevent any return current or down draught,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. In further combination with such means, the application to the upper part of
the structure, and intermediate between such inlets and outlets, of an adjustable
shutter or shutters adapted to more or less close off the outlet from the structure,
and to independently assist in regulating the ventilation of the structure, sub-
stantially as her inbefore described.
4. In further combination with such means, the application to the upper part of
the structure, and intermediate between such shutter and outlets, of the said
perforated chamber or parts, for permitting of a gentle and continuous exchange of
air, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 16th day of April 1885.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C.,.
Agents for the Applicant.