IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING THE DISTANCE AND SPEED TRAVELLED BY RAILWAY TRAINS, TRAMWAY CARS,, OMNIBUSES, AND OTHER VEHICLES, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR DELIVERING TICKETS AND CHECKING THE FARES RECEIVED BY THE CON- DUCTORS OF SUCH VEHICLES, AND FOR POINTING OUT PLACES OF INTEREST OR IMPORTANCE DURING A JOURNEY, PART OR PARTS OF WHICH MAY ALSO BE USED FOR DELIVERING TICKETS AND CHECKING THE PAYMENTS RECEIVED AT PLACES OF PUBLIC RESORT
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John MoWhinuie, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING THE
DISTANCE AND SPEED TRAVELLED BY RAILWAY TRAINS, TRAMWAY CARS,,
OMNIBUSES, AND OTHER VEHICLES, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR
DELIVERING TICKETS AND CHECKING THE FARES RECEIVED BY THE CON-
DUCTORS OF SUCH VEHICLES, AND FOR POINTING OUT PLACES OF INTEREST
OR IMPORTANCE DURING A JOURNEY, PART OR PARTS OF WHICH MAY ALSO
BE USED FOR DELIVERING TICKETS AND CHECKING THE PAYMENTS RECEIVED
AT PLACES OF PUBLIC RESORT."
Sealed the 3rd July 1877, and dated the 30th April 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John McWhinnie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1877.
JOHN MCWHINNIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING THE DISTANCE AND SPEED TRAVELLED BY RAIL-
WAY TRAINS, TRAMWAY CARS, OMNIBUSES, AND OTHER VEHICLES, THE SAME
BEING APPLICABLE FOR DELIVERING TICKETS AND CHECKING THE FARES RECEIVED
BY THE CONDUCTORS OF SUCH VEHICLES, AND FOR POINTING OUT PLACES OF
INTEREST OR IMPORTANCE DURING A JOURNEY, PART OR PARTS OF WHICH MAY
ALSO BE USED FOR DELIVERING TICKETS AND CHECKING THE PAYMENTS RECEIVED
AT PLACES OF PUBLIC RESORT."
My said Invention which relates to means for indicating the distance travelled
by railway carriages, tramway cars, omnibusses, cabs, and other vehicles, as well as
to deliver tickets to the passengers travelling on such vehicles, and to check the
amount of fares received by the party so delivering the tickets, has for its
object,―
Firstly. As regards railway trains to indicate the speed of the train as well as
the distance travelled, and to point out places of interest or importance during a
journey.
Secondly. As regards tramway cars and omnibusses, to enable a ticket to be
delivered from a locked receptacle to each passenger on entering the carriage or omni-
bus, and further to enable such passenger to know when he has travelled a distance
equal to the value of the ticket obtained.

page_text: And, Thirdly. As regards cabs and other vehicles, to enable the person engaging
to know the distance travelled, and therefore the proper amount to pay for such
distance.
The Invention is also applicable in the interests of the proprietor for the purpose
of checking the fares received by the person in charge of tramway cars, omnibusses,
cabs, and other vehicles; also for persons engaging vehicles for a day or other period,
for checking the distance travelled.
The apparatus consists primarily of a pitch wheel rotated by any axle or wheel
of a train, tramway car, omnibus, or other vehicle in the act of travelling upon a
railway or roadway. To this pitch wheel a pitch chain is geared, or the equivalent
of a pitch chain and wheel, which operates a tangent scrow, gearing either directly
into teeth upon a dial, or indirectly into the teeth of a wheel actuating such a
dial.
When used for indicating the distance travelled by railway trains and for
pointing out places of interest or importance on a journey, the face of the dial or
dials is divided into spaces corresponding with miles, and at the proper intervals
thereon, corresponding with the distance from the point of departure, the names of
places of interest or importance, such, for example, as the names of important
railway stations or places where any particular train may stop on a journey are
marked, which, as the dial slowly rotates with the progress of the train, are succes-
sively brought into view; so that by reading off the number indicating miles and
the name indicating position a passenger may at once ascertain the distance travelled
. and the locality in which the train at the moment is.
In order to provide a check upon the engine driver, the aforesaid apparatus which
may be fitted to every carriage, van, and engine composing a train, or to any desired
number of the axles or vehicles constituting the same, has geared to it under one
arrangement a vertical shaft, capable of being revolved by the gearing at any
desired velocity. This revolving shaft has coupled to it a weighted arin, after the
manner of the weighted arms of a Watt's governer, which rises or falls corres-
pondingly with the variation of the rate of motion of the train.
The weighted arm or lever in its movements actuates a pencil, which it moves
over or about a disc or strip of prepared paper, and by the diagram it produces
thereon the speed of the train at every part of the journey is registered. At the
termination of a journey, the disc or strip of prepared paper is removed from the
indicating apparatus, and the reading of the figure marked thereon by the pencil of
the indicator shews at once the rate at which the train has been run through every
part of its journey, thus constituting a complete check upon the driver.
When used in tramway cars, omnibuses, or other vehicles, the marking of the
names of places of interest or importance upon the dial may be dispensed with, in
which case the apparatus constitutes an indicator of the distance run, and of the
speed at every portion of the journey, in addition to which, by the addition of the
apparatus next described, it is rendered capable of delivering tickets corresponding
to any required distance, at the same time registering the amount received in fares
by the conductor or other official in charge of the same.
For the purpose of delivering tickets and registering the amount received by the
conductor or other officials, the distance-indicating dial or another dial, plate, or
receptacle, correspondingly rotated, is provided with a series of screw pins capable
of being rotated, each having a quantity of tickets carried thereon. The casing in
which the apparatus is contained has an opening sufficiently large at its upper part
for removing one ticket at a time, and the tickets are so arranged by perforation or
otherwise that the upper or outer part may be torn off, whilst the inner part falls
into a removable receptacle situated in the central part of the mechanism, wherein
it is retained and constitutes a check upon the conductor or other official receiving
the fares. This inner portion of the ticket is caused to drop off by the combined
action of the carriers and the screws, each screw being provided at its inner end
with a circular driving head, which, coming in contact with a piece of india-rubber
or other frictional medium once in each revolution of the disc or ticket-carrying

page_text: wheel, causes each screw to be rotated to an extent corresponding to the thickness
of the paper or card of which the ticket is composed, so that the check or counter-
foil of the ticket is by this revolution pushed forward to the end of the screw, and
drops into the central receptacle, which for further security may also be sealed before
being delivered into the hands of the conductor.
It is only those screwed pins, from which a ticket has been removed, that are
rotated by the action on their driving heads of india-rubber or other frictional
medium, for those screws or pins from which tickets have not been removed
remain jambed, and so are not rotated by the india-rubber or other frictional
medium.
In place of screwed pins and carriers and the means of driving them, as herein-
before set forth, the tickets may be pushed outwards by the action of springs.
The conductor or other official in charge of the tramway car or other vehicle is
provided with a changeable die or stamp, which he inserts into a hole in the
apparatus situated in front of the place from which the tickets are withdrawn.
This die or stamp is in duplicate, and simultaneously marks the piece of the ticket
sold, both on the portion delivered to a passenger as well as on the portion which
drops into the check receptacle. Or this die or stamp may be attached to the
apparatus and operated by a handle each time a ticket is demanded. By this stamp
a ticket can be given authorising a journey of, say, one, two, three, or any number
of miles provided upon the tramway system or roadway; the said stamp being in
duplicate produces the same impression upon that part of the ticket given away
and the part falling into the receptacle, and so makes a check upon the amounts
taken from all passengers.
To prevent passengers travelling beyond the distance paid for, the tickets are
stamped different colours in each mile of the journey, that is to say, a passenger
entering in the first mile or stage receives a ticket stamped with black, if available
for two miles it will be stamped 2, or with figures according to the number of miles
paid for. In the second mile stage blue ink may be used, and in the third red, and
80 on.
In place of using only one dial and ticket box, or wheel accompanied with a
stamp in case where a tramway car, omnibus, or other vehicle traverses a journey
of several miles, for example, two, three, or more miles, two or more ticket boxes
or carriers are used, each of which is provided with tickets of different colours;
for example, No. I ticket box or carrier may have white tickets, which would
correspond with one mile; No. 2 ticket box may have blue tickets, which would
correspond with two miles; No. 3 ticket box, red tickets, which would correspond
with three miles, and so on. Thus a passenger entering a car and demanding a one,
two, or three mile ticket, or ticket for other distance, would have delivered to him
a ticket from the box of the proper colour and the proper fare printed thereon. In
place of several ticket boxes, with different-coloured tickets as now last described,
the conductor may be provided with interchangeable ticket boxes, each of which is
charged with tickets of a different colour, and these ticket boxes are removed and
replaced by another at the termination of each stage of a journey, for example, at
the end of each mile.
The central receptacle, into which the checks or counterfoils of the tickets sold
fall, may be made so as to be removed at the end of a journey, with the indicating
apparatus or without it. In either case the conductor or other official who removes
the receptacle is provided with a key, for the purpose of detaching it from the
vehicle. This key, on being inserted and turned round, either acts upon a toothed
rack, which on being moved closes a shutter over the entrance of the receptacle
through which the checks or counterfoil fall thereinto, or causes a pawl to enter
ratchet teeth attached to the shutter, thereby closing the shutter. In either case
the contents of the ticket box are prevented from being tampered with until
delivered into the hands of the proprietor or person authorized to extract the same;
such person being provided with another key of a different order for the purpose

page_text: of opening the shutter and emptying the box of its contained checks or
counterfoils.
When used at places of public resort, where there is no mechanism for driving
the said apparatus, it consists simply of the indicating dial and the check or
counterfoil receptacle, in which case the dial is operated by the hand of the
attendant, who delivers the tickets and receives the fares or admission payments,
or it may be operated by a turnstile.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John McWhinnie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th
October 1877.
JOHN MCWHINNIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING THE DISTANCE AND SPEED TRAVELLED BY RAIL-
WAY TRAINS, TRAMWAY CARS, OMNIBUSES, AND OTHER VEHICLES, THE SAME
BEING APPLICABLE FOR DELIVERING TICKETS AND CHECKING THE FARES RECEIVED
BY THE CONDUCTORS OF SUCH VEHICLES, AND FOR POINTING OUT PLACES OF
INTEREST OR IMPORTANCE DURING A JOURNEY, PART OR PARTS OF WHICH MAY
ALSO BE USED FOR DELIVERING TICKETS AND CHECKING THE PAYMENTS RECEIVED
AT PLACES OF PUBLIC RESORT."
My said Invention relates to means or apparatus for indicating the distance and
speed travelled by railway trains, tramway cars, omnibuses, cabs, and other vehicles,
delivering tickets for passengers, checking the fares received by the conductors of
vehicles, and for indicating places of interest upon a journey; part of the apparatus
being applicable as apparatus for delivering tickets and checking payments received
at places of public resort.
It has for its objects, as regards railway trains, to indicate the speed of the train
as well as the distance travelled, and to point out places of interest or importance
during a journey.
As regards tramway cars and omnibuses, to enable a ticket to be delivered from
a locked or sealed receptacle to each passenger on entering the car or omnibus;
and further, to enable such passenger to know when he has travelled a distance
equal to the value of the ticket obtained.
And as regards cabs and other vehicles, to enable the person engaging the said
vehicles to know the distance travelled, and therefore the proper amount to pay for
such distance.
The Invention is also applicable in the interests of the proprietor for the purpose
of checking the fares received by the person in charge of tramway cars, omnibuses,
cabs, and other vehicles; also for persons engaging vehicles for a day or other
period for checking the distance travelled.
The apparatus consists primarily of a pitch wheel, rotated by any axle or wheel
of a train, tramway car, omnibus, or other vehicle in the act of travelling upon a
railway or roadway. To this pitch wheel a pitch chain is geared, or the equivalent
of a pitch chain and wheel, which operates a tangent screw, gearing either directly
into teeth upon a dial, or indirectly into the teeth of a wheel actuating such a dial.
When used for indicating the distance travelled by railway trains, and for pointing
out places of interest or importance on a journey, the face or faces of the dial or
dials is or are divided into spaces corresponding with miles, and at the proper
intervals thereon, corresponding with the distance from the point of departure, the
names of places of interest or importance, such, for example, as the names of
important railway stations, or places where any particular train may stop on a
journey are marked, which as the dial slowly rotates with the progress of the train
are successively brought into view, so that by reading off the numbers indicating
miles, and the name indicating position, a passenger may at once ascertain the
distance travelled, and the locality in which the train at the moment is.

page_text: In order to provide a check upon the engine driver, the aforesaid apparatus, which
may be fitted to every carriage, van, and engine composing a train, or to any
desired number of the axles or vehicles constituting the same, has geared to it,
under one arrangement, a vertical shaft, capable of being revolved by the gearing
at any desired velocity. This revolving shaft has coupled to it a weighted arm,
after the manner of the weighted arms of a Watt's governor, which rises or falls
correspondingly with the variation of the rate of motion of the train.
The weighted arm or lever in its movement actuates a pencil, which it moves
over or about a disc or strip of prepared paper, and, by the diagram it produces
thereon, the speed of the train at every part of the journey is registered. At the
termination of a journey the disc or strip of prepared paper is removed from the
indicating apparatus, and the reading of the diagrain marked thereon by the pencil
of the indicator shows at once the rate at which the train has been run through
every part of its journey, thus constituting a complete check upon the driver.
When used in tramway cars, omnibuses, or other vehicles the marking of the
names of places of interest or importance upon the dial may be dispensed with, in
which case the apparatus constitutes an indicator of the distance run, and, if
required, of the speed at every portion of the journey, in addition to which, by the
addition of the apparatus next described, it is rendered capable of delivering tickets,
corresponding to any required distance, at the same time registering the amount
received in fares by the conductor or other official in charge of the same.
For the purpose of delivering tickets and registering the amount received by the
conductor or other officials, the distance-indicating dial, or another dial, plate, or
receptacle, correspondingly rotated, is provided with a series of screw pins capable
of being rotated, each having a quantity of tickets carried thereon. The casing in
which the apparatus is contained has an opening sufficiently large at its upper part
for removing one ticket at a time, and the tickets are so arranged by perforation,
or otherwise, that the upper or outer part may be torn off, whilst the inner part
falls into a receptacle situated in, and, if necessary, removable from, the central
part of the mechanism, wherein it is retained and constitutes a check upon the
conductor or other official receiving the fares.
The conductor or other official in charge of the tramway car or other vehicle is
provided with a changeable die or stamp, which he inserts into a hole in the
apparatus, situated in front of the place from which the tickets are withdrawn.
This die or stamp is in duplicate, and simultaneously marks the price of the ticket
both on the portion delivered to a passenger as well as on the portion which drops
into the check receptacle; or this die or stamp may be attached to the apparatus
and operated each time a ticket is demanded. By this stamp a ticket can be given
authorising a journey of, say, one, two, three, or any number of miles provided
upon the tramway system or roadway. The said stamp being in duplicate produces
the same impression upon that part of the ticket which the passenger receives and
upon the part falling into the receptacle, and so makes a check upon the amounts
received by the guard or conductor in payment for said tickets.
To prevent passengers travelling beyond the distance paid for, the tickets are
stamped different colours in each mile of the journey, that is to say, a passenger
entering in the first mile or stage receives a ticket stamped, for instance, with
black; if available for two miles it will be stamped 2, or with figures according to
the number of miles paid for. In the second mile stage blue ink may be used, and
in the third red, and so on.
The central receptacle into which the checks or counterfoils of the tickets sold fall
may be made so as to be removed at any required time from the indicating
apparatus, the person deputed for this purpose being provided with a key, for the
purpose of detaching it, and at the same time closing the opening through which the
counterfoils fall, whereby the said counterfoils are prevented from being tampered
with until delivered into the hands of the proprietor or person authorised to extract
the same.
When used at places of public resort where there is no mechanism for driving

page_text: the said apparatus, it consists simply of the dial and the check or counterfoil
receptacle, in which case the dial is operated, by the hand of the attendant who
delivers the tickets and receives the fares or admission payments.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I now
proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner in or under
which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference being
had to the annexed Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say,―
Figures 1 and 2 are respectively back and side elevations of apparatus constructed
according to my said Invention, especially suited for use on tram cars, for delivering
tickets for passengers, and checking the amount of fares received by the guard or
conductor, and for indicating the distance travelled.
In a suitable framing A are mounted shafts or axes B, C, the shaft B carrying
pitch wheels b and b³, and the shaft C carrying a worm or tangent screw c. From
a pitch wheel d (Figure 2), on one of the axles D, which receives its revolution from
the running wheels (one of which is indicated at d'), a pitch chain d³ passes over
the pitch wheel b, transmitting motion to the shaft B and to the worm c through
suitable reducing gear.
In the Drawings I have shown this reducing gear as
consisting of a pitch wheel e mounted on a shaft E, to which wheel e the motion
from the shaft B is transmitted through the pitch chain 62, passing from the pitch
wheel b¹ to the pitch wheel e. The motion of the shaft E is transmitted and reduced
by a pinion e¹ gearing with the toothed wheel fon the shaft F, and from this
shaft F the motion is transmitted through the partially toothed wheel f' to the
shaft C and worm c, by the pinion c', through the intervening toothed wheel f³.
The worm c actuates a dial or revolving plate G by gearing into worm teeth formed
on its periphery. The said dial is enclosed in a suitable case H, mounted on the
framework A, so as to be capable of easy removal therefrom when necessary.
This dial and its case are represented in Figure 3, with the case open, shewing the
back or distance indicating face of the dial.
Figure 4 represents the dial separately, shewing the front or ticket-carrying
face.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the front of the case and dial; Figure 6 is a plan of
the same, and Figure 7 is a vertical section of the same.
The gearing for transmitting the motion of the running wheels of the vehicle to
the revolving dial may be enclosed in or placed at any suitable part of the framing
of the car, but preferably in such a position that the case H is readily accessible
on the side at which tickets are delivered, as herein-after described, and readily
visible at its back, at which the distances travelled are indicated, as herein-after
described.
'
For the purpose of delivering tickets and registering or checking the amount of
fares received by the guard or conductor, the dial G is provided with a series of
screw pins 9 (see Figures 4 and 7) arranged in a circle. Each of these pins carries
a.number of tickets, as shewn to an enlarged scale in Figures 8, 9, and 10, which
are respectively a front view of a portion of the dial, a plan of one of the pins
carrying its packet of tickets, and a side elevation of the same. Each ticket I is
perforated, so as to divide it into two portions i, i¹, which I will call respectively
the "ticket" and the "counterfoil."
The combined tickets and counterfoils I will term "compound tickets." Each
screwed pin passes through the dial to the back thereof, where it terminates in a
circular head g', and on each pin runs a metal block or carrier 92 (shewn separately
in Figure 11, drawn to an enlarged scale) having three perforations in it, a screwed
one g³ in the centre to run on the screwed pin, and one g* on either side. Such a
number of " compound tickets" I, as each screwed pin is capable of carrying, are
connected together into one pile or packet by passing pins g down through per-
forations on either side of the central perforation between the "ticket" and
"counterfoil," as shewn in Figure 9, and such a pile or packet is placed on each
screwed ping by passing the said pin through the central perforation of each

page_text: compound ticket," and inserting the side pins g³ into the side holes g* in the block
or carrier g². Inside the casing H, and in the space enclosed by the screwed pins g, is
a receptacle J having an opening ; at its upper part to receive the "counterfoils,"
as herein-after explained.
The back of the dial is divided, as shown in Figure 3, into a number of divisions
corresponding with the number of pins carrying the "compound tickets."
"
The case H has an opening h at its top (on the side presented to the guard or
conductor), of such a size that a
"ticket
"
or tickets from one of the pins only
can be removed at a time. The back of the case, or that side presented to the
passengers inside the car, has an opening h¹ at its top, so as to expose at its centre
such one of the spaces into which the back of the dial is divided, as corresponds
with the screwed pin carrying the pile of "tickets" which is presented at the
opening h. The case H may be provided with a bell X, which may be struck at
any particular part or parts of the revolution of the dial by a projection or pro-
jections on the dial, as at ¹, coming into contact with an arm on the hammer.
On the inner side of the case is a piece of india-rubber h², or other frictional surface,
in such a position and of such length, that during each revolution of the dial each
ping will receive a revolution by its rounded head g' rubbing and turning against
the said frictional surface.
After all the "compound tickets" have been placed upon the screwed pins g in
the manner before described, a ring g (shewn in Figures 7, 8, and 10, but omitted
from Figure 4, for more clearly shewing the pins beneath) is placed over the heads
of the pins, as seen more clearly in the enlarged view, Figure 8. The said ring is
L shaped in cross section (see Figure 10), one side or flange resting on the ends of
the pins, and the other side or flange being in contact with their outer sides, so as
to bind the pins together. Once during each revolution of the dial the heads g¹ of
the screwed pins will come in contact with the india-rubber h2, and if any "tickets"
have been removed from any of the pins, the friction of the india-rubber will cause
the heads of those pins to rotate, turning the screw pins in the blocks g³, which
being prevented by the compound "tickets" carried by them from rotating with
the pins will travel up the said screwed pins, and push forward the "compound
tickets" towards the ends of the pins, so as always to be in a convenient position
to be removed at the opening h. Those pins from which no "tickets" have been
removed will receive no rotation, for the tickets" will be jambed between the
rings g and the blocks 92, and prevent the frictional surface from giving motion to
the heads g¹ of such pins.
"
"
In place of urging the "compound tickets" forward to the ends of the pins, by
the screwing action described, they may be pressed forward by springs, in which
case the pins g and block g², will be without screw threads, and springs will be
affixed to the dial, so that their free ends will press against the blocks g², and urge
the "tickets forward to the ends of the pins. The ring 9 is prevented from
falling from its place by the space between the ends of the pins and the inside of
the casing being only sufficient to accommodate the ring when in position, and not
sufficient to allow its flange to rise and leave the sides of the pins, as will be readily
seen at Figure 7.
I will proceed with the description on the supposition that the dial carries 42 piles
of "compound tickets," that the back of the dial is divided into 42 spaces, corre-
sponding with the said piles of "tickets," and that the reducing gear which transmits
the motion from the running wheels of the vehicle to the dial is so arranged and
proportioned that the dial receives one revolution for every mile travelled over by
the said tram car. When thus arranged it follows that each space and each pile
of "tickets" will in succession be brought opposite the openings h¹ and h in the case
respectively, one pile of "tickets" and one space for every 1/4 of a mile over which
the car travels. The spaces on the back of the dial are numbered from 1 to 42,
and each "ticket" is numbered to correspond, that is, all the "tickets" which are
on the pin brought opposite the opening h, when the space numbered "1" is opposite
the centre of the opening h³, will bear the number "1." All the "tickets" which are

page_text: on the pin brought opposite the opening h, when the space numbered "2" is opposite
the centre of the opening h¹ will bear the number "2," and so on through the whole
series. At starting, the dial is in such a position that the space on the back of the
dial numbered "1" will be opposite the centre of the opening h¹, and the screwed
pin holding the "tickets" numbered "1" will be opposite the opening h.
It will be observed by reference to Figure 1 that the transmission of the motion
from the shaft F to the shaft C is so arranged (by forming teeth on a portion only
of the periphery of the wheel f) that the dial is moved suddenly and quickly
through the part of a revolution, when the car begins its traverse over each 1/4
part of a mile, so that the dial remains at rest during all other times, than those at
which the car commences each 1/4 part of a mile of its journey.
42
Suppose the car to be started on its journey, and a passenger to enter during the
first part of a mile, he will receive from the guard or conductor a "ticket" torn
from those numbered "1," which are opposite the opening h, and are the only
accessible ones during the first 1/2 of a mile of the journey. The guard or con-
ductor will before taking the "ticket" from the case, stamp thereon the fare by
means of a stamping arrangement herein-after described for stamping both on the
"ticket" and the "counterfoil" the amount paid by the passenger.
42
"
On the guard or conductor pulling the "ticket" to remove it from the case it
will separate at the perforated part where it is fixed on the screwed pin, and the
"counterfoil" will fall from the pin into the inner receptacle J, and cannot be
removed but by opening the door j¹ of the said inner receptacle, which door may
be secured by a lock or seal to prevent its being tampered with. The said
receptacle J is provided with a tongue which falls over the opening ; on the
case H, being inverted. Supposing a passenger to enter the car when it has per-
formed, say, a half a mile of its journey, the dial will have received a half revolution,
and the space on the back of the dial numbered "21" will be opposite the centre
of the opening h¹ in the case H, and that pin which has upon it the "tickets
numbered "21" only, will be accessable through the opening h. Consequently the
guard or conductor will stamp the price paid for this "ticket" upon it (and simul-
taneously upon the "counterfoil"), and will tear it off, the "counterfoil" falling into
the inner receptacle J. And in like manner a passenger, at whatever portion of the
journey he may enter the car, will receive from the guard or conductor a " ticket
numbered with a number which will denote at what part of the journey the said
passenger entered, and the passenger from the inside of the car, by observing the
numbered spaces appearing before the opening h¹ in the case H, can tell what distance
he has travelled, as the appearance of the number at the opening h¹ corresponding
with the number on the "ticket" delivered to him by the guard or conductor will
denote that the dial has made one revolution since the said passenger's entry, or that
in other words the passenger has travelled one mile.
"
The stamping apparatus is shewn attached to the case H in Figures 2, 5, 6, and 7.
It consists of a double stamp K sliding in a grooved bracket ³ on the case H in
such a position that one part of the stamp will stamp the "ticket" through the
opening h, and the other part of the stamp will simultaneously stamp the "counter-
foil" through an opening (Figure 7) below the opening h. The stamp is pressed
outwards by a spring, and is capable of being turned upon the centre pink, and
it is formed with a number of sides or separate duplicate stamps 1, k², k³, k,
(Figure 6), preferably with one duplicate stamp for stamping each amount of fare
payable during the journey. I will presume that the car is to perform a journey of
4 miles, and that a certain regulated fare is chargeable for each mile (premising that
each fractional part of a mile may be chargeable as one mile). During different
miles of a journey the prices paid for the "tickets" may be stamped with inks of
different colours, say, with black during the first, blue during the second, red during
the third, and yellow during the fourth mile. This is provided for by furnishing
the stamp with an inking pad L (Figures 2, 5, and 6) attached to the case H in any
manner, so as be easily removable, and so that the face of the duplicate stamp,
which is to stamp the ticket, will rub or may be rubbed against the said pad in its

page_text: passage round its centre to stamp the "ticket." The pad is divided into four parts
1, 1, 1, 1, (Figure 6), which are each charged with a different coloured ink, which
may be supplied from reservoirs of ink above the said pad, or in any convenient
manner. At the commencement of each mile of the journey the said pad will bo
turned, so that that part of it which is charged with the colour, which is to be used
during that mile, will be presented to the stamp. Thus presume a passenger to
enter the car during the first mile of its journey, and to intimate to the guard that
he wished to take a journey of 2 miles, or any distance which will include a journey
over the whole of the first mile since his entry, and part or whole of the following
mile, the inking pad L being in such a position that the part charged with black
ink will be outwards, the guard or conductor will so rotate the stamp that the
duplicate face, having thereon the number " 2," will come in contact with the said
pad, and he will then further rotate the stamp till the said duplicate face comes
opposite the openings h, k, when he will press the stamp inwards along its slide,
and thereby stamp simultaneously the number "2" on both the "ticket" i and the
"counterfoil" in black; he will then tear off the "ticket" i, as before explained,
and give it to the passenger, who by observing the number of his "ticket" will know
that he is at liberty to travel in the said car for any distance not exceeding 2 miles,
or not beyond the termination of the second mile from the place of his entry, or in
other words, until the space on the back of the dial G, having thereon the number
corresponding to the number on his "ticket," has appeared for the second time since
his entry before the centre of the opening in the case H. Supposing that the
said passenger should travel further than his "ticket" was available for, and that
he should leave the car, say, during the fourth mile, the guard or conductor would
see by his "ticket" being printed with the number "2" that he had paid the fare
for but 2 miles, and that by the said number being printed in black ink that these
two miles commenced during the first mile of the car's journey; he would then
charge the passenger the excess fare, delivering him a "ticket" from the opening /,
previously stamping it with the amount of such excess farc. By this arrangement
of apparatus for every "ticket" stamped with the amount of the fare, and delivered
to the passengers, a "counterfoil" printed with a like amount will fall into the
receptacle J, and remain until the person appointed to check the amount of the
conductor's receipts breaks the scal or unlocks the fastening which closes the said
receptacle.
The stamp for impressing the amount of fares on the "ticket" and "counter-
foil" may be separate from the case H if desired, and may be fixed in a suitable
handle to render it capable of convenient use by the guard or conductor.
The case
His so placed in the car on the framing A of the actuating mechanism, that it can
be readily removed at the end of a journey, or at any requisite time, and replaced
by another filled with a fresh supply of "tickets." The "counterfoil" receptacle
may be made separate from the case H, so that it may be removed therefrom if
required.
A
Figures 12 and 13 represent respectively a front elevation with the front plate
and lining removed, and a vertical section of a removable receptacle J
receptacle corresponding with the "counterfoil" receptacle J is provided in the case
H to receive the receptacle J'; and to carry a projection g7 for the dial to turn
on a squared projection 3 is formed in the centre of the chamber J, which has
notches, as shewn at Figure 14.
66
"
The removable "counterfoil" receptacle J¹ is formed of a casing of such a size
that it will fit into the receptacle J. At the back of this casing is a circular plate j
fitting the interior of the said casing closely, and having a projection or shutter
capable, when the plate jis turned, of covering the opening j, through which the
counterfoils pass. Through both the back of the casing and the plate corre
sponding square holes ", 7, are made, of a size to pass over the projection . The
holes, are so situated relatively to each other that when the plate j is in such
a position that the opening j is closed by the shutter j³ the sides of the said holes
are coincident and will pass over the projection j³, when the casing j' is passed into

page_text: '
its place in the receptacle J, the hole jo passing on to the part marked 1 of the
projection, and the edge of the hole j' being opposite the notches marked 2 in the
said projection ³. To fasten the casing J' in its place the plate jis rotated, and
the diagonal of its hole 7 is brought out of line with that of the hole in the back
of the casing J, the sides 3 of the hole j consequently take into the notches 2
in the projection ³, and fasten the casing J¹ in its place. The plate j' is held in
both its fastened and unfastened positions by the spring catch 4, on the casing J',
coming opposite and taking into notches in the said plate j. At the time of turning
the plate j to fasten it on the projection the shutter js will be moved from before
the opening and leave it clear for the admission of the "counterfoils." To rotate
the plate I provide a key, represented at Figure 16, which is formed with a pinion
at its end, which pinion, on the barrel of the key being passed through an opening
in the casing J¹ and over the projection 5, will engage in teeth 6 formed on the
plate j, as seen in Figures 12 and 15. An inclined surface is formed on the spring
catch at 7, and against this the key in descending will bear and release the catch
from the notches in the plate it, when, on turning the key, the plate may be
turned in one direction for closing the opening ; by the shutter 3, and for bringing
the holes j, 7, coincident with each other, as seen in Figure 15, so that the case or
"counterfoil" receptacle j¹ may be released from the projection and removed from
the apparatus. On replacing such "counterfoil" receptacle the key will be turned
in the reverse direction, when the parts will assume the positions shewn at Figure 12,
and the receptacle will be secured in place and the hole ; uncovered, as before
explained. An inner ring or lining 7 (shewn separately in Figure 16º) covers the
mechanism and keeps the "counterfoils" clear of it.
In place of using a stamp and different coloured inks the following method may
be employed-The conductor, can be provided with interchangable ticket boxes
charged with groups of "tickets" representing the different fares, each group being
presented at every portion of the dial's revolution at an opening in the case large
enough to give access to all tickets of the group. One case is used for each mile of
the journey, and by providing each case with tickets of a different colour the colour
of the ticket supplied to a passenger will denote at what stage of the journey he
received it. Under either arrangement, in order to facilitate the counting of the
number of tickets which have been taken from the pins, each individual ticket
of a pile may be consecutively numbered.
In Figures 1 and 2, I have shewn an arrangement for indicating the speed at
which the car has been driven. The shaft E carries a bevil pinion e², gearing into a
bevil wheel m, mounted on a spindle m', carrying weighted arms m², resembling
those of an ordinary steam engine "governor;" one of the arms is provided with a
pencil or marking point m³, which bears against a disc m' which is so fixed to the
collar of the "governor" that it rises and falls with the arms, being guided in its
motion by the guides m³.
"3
As the shaft E revolves, the arms m² will be at a greater or less distance from the
centre round which they revolve, as in the ordinary "governor." By placing a piece
of paper on the disc in the marking point m³ will mark a number of circles of
greater or less radii from the centre of motion of the governor. The said paper
may be marked with concentric divisions, regulated in such a manner that the
marking point m³ will be brought by the angle which the arms of the "governor
assumes during any given rate of speed over such a concentric division as is marked
with a number or sign indicating such speed. Thus on removing the paper from
the disc m the marks made by the marking point m³ will shew at what rate the
car was driven, the circle of greatest radius indicating the highest speed during a
journey, and the circle of least radius indicating the lowest speed. The general
speed will be indicated by the part of the paper where the marking point has made
the greatest number of lines. Affixed to one of the guides m³ I have shewn a
pointer m fixed to a horizontal bar or pin, which pointer may be brought outside
the framing of the car in which the apparatus is contained, and by rising and falling
• with the disc m* it may be made to indicate on a graduated scale on the framing
.

page_text: of the car in full view of the driver or guard the rate at which the car is being
driven.
In applying my Invention to railway trains to indicate the distance and speed
travelled, and to point out places of interest, I place the transmitting mechanism,
Figures 1 and 2, in any convenient part of a railway train, engine, or guard's van,
or all or any of them, so that the axle or axles of one, or any, or all of the driving
wheels will actuate the said mechanism through the pitch chain &², as described
with reference to tram cars, and so also that the dial which is connected with the
said mechanism can be readily seen by the passengers, driver, or guard.
Figures 17 and 18 are respectively a front elevation of the dials with the front
part of the casing removed, and a vertical transverse section of an arrangement of dial
suited for use with the said transmitting mechanism when applied to railways.
In these Figures I have shewn but a part of the circumference divided into spaces,
but it will be understood that the whole of the circumference is so divided. The
said arrangement consists of a toothed dial N turning on the axis n, and actuated
by the worm c, as in the dial G in the arrangement, Figures 1 and 2; on the
axis n is carried loosely another dial O, which receives a motion of revolution
through reducing gear P from the dia! N.
I will suppose, for example, that the dial N is divided into 100 divisions or
equal spaces, that the dial O is divided into 50 equal spaces, and that the trans-
mitting mechanism from the axles of a running wheel or wheels of the train to the
worm c is so regulated that for each mile over which the said train travels, the
worm c will move the dial N through one division or one-hundredth part of a
revolution.
I will also suppose, for example, that the reducing mechanism P is so arranged,
by regulating the number of teeth of its wheels and pinions, that during one
revolution of the dial N it will turn the dial O through one-fiftieth part of a revo-
lution. Then it follows that by numbering the divisions on the dials N and O
with consecutive figures, the number on the dial N, brought into view through an
opening in any suitable casing in which the dial may be enclosed (as seen in
Figure 18), or in the framing of the carriage, will indicate the number of miles
travelled, and that the figure on the dial O, brought opposite a similar opening,
will indicate the number of hundreds of miles travelled, and that by adding the
indications of both dials together the number of miles travelled from the point of
starting may be readily ascertained.
The dials may be provided with a bell, which may be struck by the rotation of
the dials after the manner of the bell X in Figure 3. On the outer circumference
of the dial N I have shewn the arrangement which I employ to indicate places of
interest on a journey. At the space on the dial which indicates the distance which
the train will travel to reach the place desired to be indicated, I insert the name of
such place, and on the revolution of the dial this name will be exhibited at a
suitable opening at the same time that the dials are indicating the distance
travelled.
It will be obvious that this marking of places may be applied to any or all of
the spaces, and that it is especially suited for journeys of one or two hundred miles,
where but one dial is used, and whereon the spaces are of comparatively large size.
These names of places may, if desired, be printed upon separate pieces of paper
fastened on to the dial (instead of being engraved thereon) so as to be easily
removed and replaced by others in the event of the train beginning its journey
from different starting points. This apparatus is equally applicable to tram cars
and vehicles other than railway trains, where it is required to indicate distances
and speeds only.
In connection with Figures 17 and 18 I have shown a speed indicator, consisting
of an arm which is attached to the "governor," which will in this case be used in
the transmitting mechanism, as shewn in Figure 1, excepting that the disc m+
and marking point m³ may be dispensed with. The arm Q is so attached to the
"governor "(as, for instance, to a horizontal arm similar to the arm carrying the

page_text: pointer me in Figure 1) that it rises and falls with it, running in any suitable
guides or supports at any convenient part of the framing of the vehicle. It is
provided with a pointer a pointing to a graduated scale on the outside of the case,
a slot q¹ being made in the casing for the passage of the said pointer. The said
pointer will be raised and lowered as the " governor" collar rises and falls, the
falling indicating a reduction of speed and the rising accelerated speed. The
arm Qalso carries a pencil or marking point R, which will rise and fall as does the
pointer q, and will mark upon a circular piece of paper affixed to the dial a diagram
indicating the speed at which the train has travelled during any particular part of
its journey. For instance, if at the part of the paper which the revolution of the
dial brings opposite the marking point when the train has travelled 100 miles
(supposing the marking point to be above the centre on which the dial turns, as in
the Drawings), if the markings approach the centre of the dial they indicate low
speed at that part of the journey, and if at the part of the paper brought under the
marking point when the train has travelled 200 miles the markings be nearer the
periphery of the dial, they indicate a higher speed at that part of the journey. The
paper may be divided into concentric divisions, numbered to indicate different
speeds, and with numbered and graduated divisions corresponding with the divisions
of the dial. The back part of the casing at S is hinged, so that it can be turned
outwards for access to the back of the dial.
It will be evident that the distance indicating dials, the arrangement for indi-
cating places of interest, and the speed indicator may be used combined, or that
the distance indicator may be used without either the arrangement for indicating
places of interest or the speed indicating arrangement, or with only one of
them.
The arrangement of speed indicator last described may be applied to tram car
indicating apparatus, as shewn in Figures 19 and 20. The bell X in the case H,
Figure 1, may be dispensed with or placed in a position to allow a free passage for
the arm Q, which in this case is connected to the collar of the "governor," and is
arranged essentially as described with reference to Figures 17 and 18.
I have marked like parts with corresponding letters of reference, and the descrip-
tion of the speed indicating arrangement, Figures 17 and 18, will apply equally to
that of Figures 10 and 20.
Where the dial will in one journey revolve several times the diagrams made by
the marking point of the speed indicator during each revolution may be distin-
guished the one from the other by inserting a different coloured pencil in the speed
indicator for each revolution of the dial.
The apparatus described with regard to tramway cars may be used for
omnibuses.
The
For checking money received at places of public resort, I use an apparatus con-
sisting of a circular plate enclosed in a case, and provided with pins carrying
tickets, and a locked receptacle for receiving the counterfoils (as described with
reference to the apparatus for tram cars and omnibuses), the other parts of the
apparatus being omitted. In this case the number of ticket pins would be in
accordance with the number of different values of tickets to be issued.
attendant issuing the tickets will turn the circular plate by hand till the required
ticket comes opposite the opening in the top of the case, which must be of such
size as to allow only a ticket or tickets from one pin to be removed at a time, and
to protect the counterfoil from removal. On tearing off the ticket the counterfoil
will fall into the locked receptacle, as described with reference to the apparatus for
tram cars.
The manner in which my Invention may be adapted for indicating distances and
speeds travelled, delivering tickets, and checking fares (or for either or any of these
purposes) with regard to tram cars, trains, cabs, omnibuses, and vehicles generally
will be readily understood from the foregoing explanation.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said In-
yention, and in what manner the same is or may be used or carried into practical

page_text: effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not limit myself to the precise
mechanical details herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, nor to any particular number of divisions into which the distance-indi-
cating dial is divided, nor consequently to any particular number of packets of
tickets carried by the said dial when used for delivering and checking tickets, nor to
any particular speed for driving the said dial; but what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The improved apparatus for indicating the distance travelled by tram cars,
omnibuses, and such like public conveyances, and for delivering tickets for pas-
sengers, and checking the fares received by the guard or conductor, consisting of a
revolving dial or plate receiving a motion of rotation from a worm or tangent screw
actuated through gearing from an axle or running wheel of the conveyance, one
face of the said revolving dial or plate being divided into spaces which indicate the
distance travelled, and carrying on its reverse face a number of pins for receiving
tickets, which are so arranged that spaces on the one face and tickets on the other
bearing corresponding numbers are simultaneously brought before openings in a
casing in which the said dial or plate is enclosed, the tickets being mounted on
their pins in such a manner that on tearing off tickets for passengers, counterfoils
corresponding with such tickets fall into a locked or sealed receptacle, and are
retained as a check upon the guard or conductor, the said apparatus being con-
structed, arranged, and operating essentially as herein-before described, and illus-
trated in Figures 1 to 11, both inclusive, of the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The combination with the said apparatus of a stamp and inking pad for
stamping the amount of the fare paid simultaneously upon both the "ticket" and
the "counterfoil," the said stamp and pad being constructed and combined with the
apparatus essentially in the manner described, and illustrated in Figures 2, 5, 6,
and 7 of the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The removable receptacle for the counterfoils in which the act of unfas-
tening or unlocking the said receptacle from the apparatus causes a shutter to close
and retain closed the opening through which the "counterfoils" pass, and the act of
fastening or locking the said receptacle in its place in the said apparatus removes
the shutter from the said opening essentially as herein-before described with reference
to Figures 12 to 16 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The improved speed indicator for railway trains, tram cars, and con-
veyances generally, consisting of an arm carrying a pointer to mark on a graduated
scale for indicating the speed travelled, and a pencil or marking point to mark
upon a paper fixed to a revolving dial or plate a diagram which will form a record of
the speed travelled during any and every part of a journey, the said arm receiving
its motion from a governor-like apparatus actuated by the mechanism which drives
the dial or plate, essentially as herein-before described with reference to Figures
1, 17, 18, 19, and 20 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. The improved apparatus for indicating the distances and speeds travelled
by railway trains or other vehicles, consisting of a dial or dials to which rotation is
communicated by a worm or tangent screw receiving its motion from an angle or
running wheel of the engine, guard's van, carriage, or vehicle in combination with
the apparatus for indicating speed claimed in the preceding claiming clause,
essentially as herein-before described, and illustrated in Figures 17 and 18 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Sixth. Providing the distance-indicating dial or dials of apparatus constructed
according to my said Invention with spaces containing the names of places of
interest or other information, which names or information will at the proper time
be brought into view, essentially as herein-before described with reference to Figure
17 of the accompanying Drawings.
Seventh. The apparatus for checking receipts at places of public resort, con-
sisting of a dial or plate carrying tickets, and enclosed in a case provided with an

page_text: opening for removing the said tickets, and a locked or sealed receptacle, for receiving
the counterfoils of the said tickets, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John MoWhinnie, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twentieth day of October, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-seven.
JOHN M°WHINNIE. (L.S.)