IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO THE DISTILLATION OF ANTHRACENE FROM COAL TAR
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Wischin, of Prague, in the Dominions of Austria,
and temporarily at the Office for Patents; 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, for an Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS. IN AND
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Wischin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1880.
GEORGE WISCHIN, of Prague, in the Dominions of Austria, and temporarily at
the Office for Patents, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO THE DISTILLATION OF ANTHRACENE
FROM COAL TAR,"
"
My Invention has for its object the increasing of the yield of anthracene obtained
from coal tar, and also the getting of all the anthracene, part of which, owing to an
imperfect mode of working, has been left in coal tar pitch.
To attain this object I take advantage of the property possessed by the hydro-
carbons of coal tar, and also of those of petroleum, shale oil, and cannel coal of
carrying along with them in the process of distillation other hydro-carbons of a
far higher boiling point.
The anthracene being a hydro-carbon of a very high boiling point its distillation
even under most favourable circumstances is a matter of some difficulty, but this
difficulty is very much increased when, as with coal tar and pitch, the anthracene
is contaminated with a very large quantity of hydro-carbons of a still higher
boiling point. Moreover in trying to push the distillation of coal tar and pitch too
far with the object of getting a larger yield of anthracene part of the pitch exposed
to the influence of the highly heated sides of the still coked to the detriment of the
quality of the pitch. This causes the still to be rapidly burnt through, and the
coke forming a non-conducting layer hinders the heat from penetrating the contents
of the still and so expelling the anthracene.
The mode of carrying out my Invention, which I at present prefer, is to introduce
the anthracene oil or creosote oil in a fluid state (or in the form of vapour) through
a worm immersed in the still leading to a perforated pipe or rose lying on or close
to the bottom of the still. The creosote oil or other solvent escaping into the
pitch in numerous small jets intimately inixes with the same, and carries off the
anthracene therefrom in the form of vapour.
It is not absolutely necessary however to introduce the creosote in this manner,
as it can be mixed in the liquid form with the contents of the still after having
been sufficiently cooled down.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Wischin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th
November 1880.
GEORGE WISCHIN, of Prague, in the Dominion of Austria, and temporarily at
the Office for Patents, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO THE DISTILLATION OF ANTHRACENE
FROM COAL TAR."
My Invention has for its object so to conduct the distillation of coal tar and also
coal tar pitch, from which latter the anthracene has only partly been expelled, that
the greater part or nearly all the anthracene contained in the tar or pitch above
mentioned may be distilled over, expelled, and obtained without deteriorating the
quality of the pitch resulting from the two above mentioned bodies, and without
causing a rapid destruction of the stills employed. I effect this better expulsion
of anthracene than heretofore accomplished by gradually introducing or injecting
certain hydrocarbons or mixtures of hydrocarbons, hereafter called "hydrocarbons,"
during the latter or last stages of the distillation of coal tar into the hot and fluid
residuals of the tar, which I will hereafter call pitch, and also by introducing or
injecting gradually these hydrocarbons into such hot and molten coal tar pitch,
hereafter likewise called "pitch," from which only part of the anthracene has
been expelled by the ordinary process of distillation. The hydrocarbons I make
use of are creosote oil (or the hydrocarbons principally constituting creosote oil),
anthracene oil, and other oils of comparatively low commercial value, and
preferably those having a considerably lower boiling point than anthracene, but
not too volatile, and which are derived from boghead and cannel coal, shale, or
petroleum. The vapour of the hydrocarbon carries along with it on its way to the
"still condenser" the greater part of the anthracene contained in the pitch, and
also large quantities of heavy oils. The distillate I so obtain is a mixture of the
"hydrocarbon" employed, heavy tar oils, and anthracene, from which mixture the
anthracene may be obtained by processes well known to tar distillers, and which
do not form any characteristic feature of my Invention. The fluid "bydrocarbon"
can be gradually injected at a temperature below the boiling point of water, but I
find that the hotter within reasonable limits it is made before escaping into the
pitch, the more equally, evenly, thoroughly, and rapidly it mixes with the
pitch," the better the result. The previous heating of the "hydrocarbon" before
coming in contact with the pitch may be effected in various ways, of which.
however I shall confine myself to describing two.
"
First. I have a coil made of iron, brass, or copper piping and of considerable
length immersed in the hot "pitch" contained in the still, and which is to be
freed of anthracene, and the "bydrocarbon" before coming in contact with the
"pitch" is first made to traverse this coil, whereby it becomes heated; or I
immerse a coil of iron, brass, or copper piping in heavy anthracene oil contained in
a vessel heated by suitable means in order to maintain the anthracene oil at a
boiling temperature. The hydrocarbon before being injected into the pitch
contained in the still is caused to traverse the aforesaid coil, whereby it becomes
heated. To effect an even distribution of the "hydrocarbon" amongst the hot
pitch contained in the still I will mention the following arrangements, of which I
make use, but I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the use
of those means by which the distribution of the hydrocarbon is attained, and they
do not form any characteristic feature of my Invention:-
First. I let the pipe conveying the "hydrocarbon" to the pitch end in a rose
lying on or near the bottom of the still, which rose is provided with numerous
small holes or jets, out of which the hydrocarbon escapes into the pitch.
Second. I agitate the pitch during the gradual injection of the hydrocarbon by

page_text: any suitable means used for the agitation of liquids or sediments suspended in
liquids, whereby a rapid distribution of the hydrocarbon amongst the pitch is
effected.
Third. I disintegrate or break up the hydrocarbon into small particles before it
has reached the pitch by means of inert gases, preferably those nearly free of
oxygen, such as flue gases, carbonic acid, carbonic oxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, or
their mixtures, steam or other vapours, whereby the hydrocarbon is rapidly
distributed amongst the pitch. The introduction or injection of the hydrocarbon
into the molten pitch can be effected by any suitable mechanical means or
appliances, such as pumps, elevated cisterns containing the hydrocarbon," Montjus
injectors worked by steam or compressed gases.
"
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood that
what I claim as secured to me under the above in part recited Letters Patent and
for the purposes above set forth is, expelling anthracene from the hot and fluid
residuals of coal tar, which I call pitch, by the gradual injection of the before
named hydrocarbons, more especially creosote oil or anthracene oil, into the said
pitch, whereby the vapours of the injected hydrocarbons carry along with them on
their way to the "still condenser" the anthracene so expelled.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Wischin, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twelfth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Signed and scaled by the said
George Wischin, in the
presence of
W. T. CHEETHAM,
Agent to the Patentec,
18, St. Ann's Street,
Manchester.
GEORGE WISCHIN. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Wischin, of Prague, in the Dominions of Austria,
and temporarily at the Office for Patents, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
APPERTAINING To The Distillation of AntHRACENE FROM COAL TAR."
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Wischin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1880.
GEORGE WISCHIN, of Prague, in the Dominions of Austria, and temporarily at
the Office for Patents, C, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO THE DISTILLATION OF ANTHRACENE
FROM COAL TAR"
My Invention has for its object the increasing of the yield of anthracene obtained'
from coal tar, and also the getting of all the anthracene, part of which, owing to an
imperfect mode of working, has been left in coal tar pitch.
To attain this object I take advantage of the property possessed by the hydro-
carbons of coal tar, and also of those of petrolcum, shale oil, and cannel coal of
carrying along with them in the process of distillation other hydro-carbons of a
far higher boiling point.
The anthracene being a hydro-carbon of a very high boiling point its distillation.
even under most favourable circumstances is a matter of some difficulty, but this
difficulty is very much increased when, as with coal tar and pitch, the anthracene
is contaminated with a very large quantity of hydro-carbons of a still higher
boiling point. Moreover in trying to push the distillation of coal tar and pitch too
far with the object of getting a larger yield of anthracene part of the pitch exposed
to the influence of the highly heated sides of the still coked to the detriment of the
quality of the pitch. This causes the still to be rapidly burnt through, and the
coke forming a non-conducting layer hinders the heat from penetrating the contents
of the still and so expelling the anthracene.
The mode of carrying out my Invention, which I at present prefer, is to introduce
tho anthracene oil or creosote oil in a fluid state (or in the form of vapour) through
a worm iminersed in the still leading to a perforated pipe or rose lying on or close
to the bottom of the still. The creosote oil or other solvent escaping into the
pitch in numerous small jets intimately mixes with the same, and carries off the
anthracene therefrom in the form of vapour.
It is not absolutely necessary however to introduce the creosote in this manner,
as it can be mixed in the liquid form with the contents of the still after having
been sufficiently cooled down.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patont filed
by the said George Wischin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th
November 1880.
GEORGE WISCHIN, of Prague, in the Dominion of Austria, and temporarily at
the Office for Patents, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster:
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO THE DISTILLATION OF ANTHRACENE
FROM COAL TAR."
My Invention has for its object so to conduct the distillation of coal tar and also.
coal tar pitch, from which latter the anthracene has only partly been expelled, that
tho greater part or nearly all the anthracene contained in the tar or pitch above
mentioned may be distilled over, expelled, and obtained without deteriorating tho
quality of the pitch resulting from the two abovo mentioned bodies, and without
causing a rapid destruction of the stills employed. I effect this better expulsion
of anthracene than heretofore accomplished by gradually introducing or injecting
certain hydrocarbons or mixtures of hydrocarbons, hereafter called "hydrocarbons,"
during the latter or last stages of the distillation of coal tar into the hot and fluid
residuals of the tar, which I will hereafter call pitch, and also by introducing or
injecting gradually these hydrocarbons into such hot and molten coal tar pitch,
hereafter likewise called "pitch," from which only part of the anthracene has
been expelled by the ordinary process of distillation. The hydrocarbons I mako
use of are creosote oil (or the hydrocarbons principally constituting creosote oil),
anthracene, oil, and other oils of comparatively low commercial value, and
preferably those having a considerably lower boiling point than anthracene, but
not too volatile, and which are derived from boghead and cannel coal, shale, or
petroleum. The vapour of the hydrocarbon carries along with it on its way to the
"still condenser" the greater part of the anthracene contained in the pitch, and
also large quantities of heavy oils. The distillate I so obtain is a mixture of the
"hydrocarbon" employed, heavy tar oils, and anthracene, from which mixture the
anthracene may be obtained by processes well known to tar distillers, and which
do not form any characteristic feature of my Invention. The fluid "hydrocarbon
can be gradually injected at a temperature below the boiling point of water, but I
find that the hotter within reasonable limits it is made before escaping into the
pitch, the more equally, evenly, thoroughly, and rapidly it mixes with the
pitch," the better the result. The previous heating of the "hydrocarbon" before
coming in contact with the pitch may be effected in various ways, of which
however I shall confine myself to describing two.
"
First. I have a coil made of iron, brass, or copper piping and of considerable
length immersed in the hot "pitch" contained in the still, and which is to be
freed of anthracene, and the "hydrocarbon" before coming in contact with the
'pitch" is first made to traverse this coil, whereby it becomes heated; or I
imunerse a coil of iron, brass, or copper piping in heavy anthracene oil contained in
a vessel heated by suitable means in order to maintain the anthracene oil at a
boiling temperature. The hydrocarbon before being injected into the pitch
contained in the still is caused to traverse the aforesaid coil, whereby it becomes
heated. To effect an even distribution of the "hydrocarbon" amongst the hot
pitch contained in the still I will mention the following arrangements, of which I
make use, but I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the use
of those means by which the distribution of the hydrocarbon is attained, and they
do not form any characteristic feature of my Invention :-
.
"
First. I let the pipe conveying the "hydrocarbon to the pitch end in a rose
lying on or near the bottom of the still, which rose is provided with numerous
small holes or jets, out of which the hydrocarbon escapes into the pitch.
Second. I agitate the pitch during the gradual injection of the hydrocarbon by

page_text: any suitable means used for the agitation of liquids or sediments suspended in
liquids, whereby a rapid distribution of the hydrocarbon amongst the pitch is
effected.
Third. I disintegrate or break up the hydrocarbon into small particles before it
has reached the pitch by means of inert gases, preferably those nearly free of
oxygen, such as flue gases, carbonic acid, carbonic oxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, or
their mixtures, steam or other vapours, whereby the hydrocarbon is rapidly
distributed amongst the pitch. The introduction or injection of the hydrocarbon
into the molten pitch can be effected by any suitable mechanical means or
appliances, such as pumps, elevated cisterns containing the hydrocarbon," Montjus'
injectors worked by steam or compressed gases.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood that
what I claim as secured to me under the above in part recited Letters Patent and
for the purposes above set forth is, expelling anthracene from the hot and fluid
residuals of coal tar, which I call pitch, by the gradual injection of the before
named hydrocarbons, more especially creosote oil or authracene oil, into the said
pitch, whereby the vapours of the injected hydrocarbons carry along with them on
their way to the "still condenser" the anthracene so expelled.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Wischin, have hereunto set my hand
and scal, this Twelfth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Signed and sealed by the said
George Wischin, in the
presence of
W. T. CHEETHAM,
Agent to the Patentec,
18, St. Ann's Street,
Manchester.
GEORGE WISCHIN. (L.S.).