IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PURIFICATION OF SUGAR AND Of 4 PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION OF SACCHARINE MATTERS AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Duncan, of Mincing Lane, in the City
of London, and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, of Clyde
Wharf, Victoria Docks, in the County of Essex, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PURIFICATION OF SUGAR AND Of
4
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Duncan and
Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands at the Office of tho Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 26th November
1875.
We, JAMES DUNCAN, of Mincing Lanc, in the City of London, and
BENJAMIN EDWARD REINA NEWLANDS, of Clyde Wharf, Victoria
Docks, in the County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PURIFICATIOn of
SUGAR AND OF SACCHARINE MATTERS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the treatment of sugar when in a powdered,
crushed, or crystallized condition, and also of saccharine matters in a

page_text: centrifugal machine, for the purpose of purifying or freeing the same
from soluble impurities, and consists,―
1st. In subjecting the sugar or saccharine matters contained in a
centrifugal machine to the action of a spray produced either by causing
steam or air to act upon water, or upon saccharine solutions, or upon
alcohol, in such a manner as that they shall become charged or
impregnated with particles of the same, or so as to diffuse the same in
a fine state of division, or by causing a jet of water or of a saccharine
solution or alcohol under pressure to impinge against a surface, such
for example as a metal plate, either stationary or in motion, and thus
to be reduced to a fine state of division, or the spray may be produced
by any other well known or suitable means.
2nd. In constructing the spindle of a centrifugal machine, whether
arranged to work in horizontal bearings or in a vertical footstep bearing,
or suspended or otherwise hollow for the introduction of any agents to:
be employed for effecting the purification of the sugar or of the
saccharine matters contained in such machine. The spindle of the
centrifugal machine works in a fixed bearing or collar which is recessed
on its anterior so as to form an annular duct for the admission of the
purifying agents which are conducted into the hollow spindle through
a suitable aperture or apertures, and discharged into and amongst the
sugar or saccharine matters contained in the centrifugal machine, the
said purifying agents being discharged through perforations formed in
the sides or top of the spindle.
3rdly. In improvements upon the construction of the centrifugal
machine, in respect of which Letters Patent were granted to the said
James Duncan, on behalf of Moritz Weinrich, the 28th May 1874,
No. 1870.
One part of such improvements consists in constructing the spindle
of such machine hollow as and in a manner and for the purpose herein- 3
before mentioned.
Another part of our improvements relates to the removable casing
An cozer (described in the coid fruman Suraificatioal anuntitatius
AVA

page_text: of this part of our Invention may be applied either separately or in
combination to other centrifugal machines, capable of being employed
for effecting the purification of sugar.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Duncan and Benjamin Edward Reina
Newlands in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th May 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
DUNCAN, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London, and BENJAMIN
EDWARD REINA NEWLANDS, of Clyde Wharf, Victoria Docks, in the
County of Essex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said James Duncan and Benjamin Edward
Reina Newlands, Her special license that we, the said James Duncan
and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Duncan and Benjamin
Edward Reina Newlands, our executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PURI-
FICATION OF SUGAR AND OF SACCHARINE MATTERS, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN,' upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said James Duncan and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, our
by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Lotters Patent.
"

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Duncan and Benjamin
Edward Reina Newlands, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :—
Our said Invention relates to the treatment of sugar when in a
powdered, crushed, or crystallized condition, and also of saccharine
matters, in a centrifugal machine, for the purpose of purifying or
freeing the same from soluble impurities; and it has reference more
particularly to the process and apparatus in respect of which Letters
Patent were granted to the said James Duncan on behalf of Moritz
Weinrich, the Twenty-eighth May, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-four, No. 1870. The Invention consists,―
First. In dispensing with the direct action of steam, as described in
the Specification of the said former Letters Patent, and in subjecting the
sugar or saccharine matters contained in the centrifugal machine to
the action of a spray produced either by causing steam or air to act
upon water, or upon saccharine solutions, or upon alcohol in such a
manner as that they shall become charged or impregnated with particles
of the same, or so as to diffuse the same into a fine state of division, or
by causing a jet of water, or of a saccharine solution, or alchohol under
pressure to impinge against a surface, such, for example, as a metal
plate, either stationary or in motion, and thus to be reduced to a fine
state of division; or the spray may be produced by any other well
known or suitable means.
Second. In constructing the spindle of the centrifugal machine,
whether arranged to work in horizontal bearings, or in a vertical foot
step bearing, or suspended, or otherwise hollow for the introduction of the
agents to be employed for effecting the purification of the sugar or of
the saccharine matters contained in such machine.
One mode of carrying out this part of our Invention is illustrated in
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) of the accompanying Drawings, which represents a
vertical section of a centrifugal machine constructed in accordance with
the said former Specification but with some of the improvements which
form the subject of the present Invention applied thereto. " is the
spindle of the machine, which is made hollow so as to form a cental
passage for the introduction of a purifying agent (which in the present

page_text: example is assumed to be steam, as described in the said former Speci-
fication) the spindle is supported at its lower end and turns in a foot-
step bearing c which may be of any ordinary or suitable construction,
and it also works in a bearing or collar d carried by a projecting bar e
secured to the frame of the machine in such a manner as to admit of
the requisite freedom of movement of the machine under the action of
the centrifugal force, whilst at the same time retaining the bearing or
collar d firmly in position. This bearing or collar is recessed on its
interior so as to form an annular duct g for the admission of the steam,
which is thence conducted into the passage of the hollow spindle a
through apertures 7, h, and is discharged into and amongst the sugar or
saccharinc matters contained in the centrifugal machine through other
perforations i, i, formed either as shewn in the Drawing in the sides of
the spindle, or in the top if preferred. The central pipe is provided
for the facility of lubricating the bearing or collar d. This part of our
Invention is also applicable to centrifugal machines generally when
employed in effecting the purification of sugar or saccharine matters.
Thirdly. Of further improvements in the construction of the contri-
fugal machine described in the said former Specification. One part of
these improvements, and which is also illustrated in Figure 1 of our
Drawings, relates to the removable casing or cover (described in the
said former Specification) constituting a core, around which the sugar
or saccharine matters are introduced.
According to this part of our Invention we propose to construct the
sides of the cores (marked in our Drawings) perforated, and in lieu of
removing the core after the charging of the machine is effected we
retain it in the machine during the operation of purifying the sugar or
the saccharine matter, the steam passing through the sides of the core
into and amongst the charge contained in the annular space m between
the exterior of the core and the interior of the lining n of the drum or
cage o.
We further attach the lid or cover p of the machine to the drum or
cage o in lieu of to the outer casing q, in which case the annular ring
or flange described in the Specification aforesaid as fitted to the top of
the inner drum may be dispensed with, as shown in Figure 1. In this
arrangement the lid p entirely covers the drum or cage o, and is
provided with an annular rim to encircle the upper end of the core 7,
the lid p with the core being together retained in position by a nut s

page_text: or cover.
Or we
screwed on to the threaded upper extremity of the spindle a.
adopt the modification shewn in Figure 2 (Sheet 1) in which the
annular ring or flange (marked t) is retained and forms part of the lid
In this case the annular ring or flanget rests in an annular
recess provided around the top p² of the core 1, which top then con-
stitutes the remainder of the cover. We also construct the lining n of
the drum or cage o consisting of perforated copper or metallic gauze
with its bottom edges turned in, as shewn at n¹, Figure 1, in such a
manner that it forms an internal annular flange passing beneath the
bottom of the annular guard u which`constitutes a false bottom for the
machine. By means of this arrangement a considerable saving is
effected by reason of the diminution in the waste, which takes place
when the lining is constructed according to the ordinary method by the
ejection below the bottom edge of the lining of the sugar along with the
juice which is expelled.
Another part of these improvements, which is illustrated in sectional
clevation in Figure 3, Sheet 2, consists in introducing the steam which
is to be employed as a purifying agent through the lid or cover p¹ fixed
to the drum or cage o of the machine by means of a tubular telescopic
arrangement, the lid or cover p¹ being provided in its centre with a
tube through which passes the steam pipe 10¹, which is smaller in
diameter than the tube so that the cage can revolve without moving
the pipe w¹. The pipe w' is fitted in a surrounding tube a so as to be
free to slide therein, and to permit of the pipe w' being elevated for the
removal of the lid pulleys y, y, are provided, over which are passed
weighted chains y¹, y¹, attached to the steam pipe w¹ at y³, y², for the
purpose of facilitating the raising and lowering of the pipe; or in lieu
of employing the tubular telescopic arrangement the steam pipe w¹
which rests upon or passes through the lid or cover p¹ may be elevated
in any other convenient manner so as to enable the lid or cover to
be removed when the operation is completed. For example, the modi-
fication shewn in Figure 4, Sheet 2, may be. adopted, in which the
pipe w¹ is hinged at z to the top flange of the steam cock so as to be
capable of being turned on the hinge as a centre into the position
indicated by the dotted lines in order to admit of the removal of the lid
or cover p².
Bounthl In introducing at the exterion of the dum

page_text: steam or a film of steam, and in causing the steam to pass through the
perforations of the drum or cage for the purpose of loosening the sugar
and facilitating its removal after treatment.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
us by the herein-before in part Letters Patent is,—
First. Effecting the purification of sugar and saccharine matters by
subjecting the same when contained in a centrifugal machine con-
structed and arranged substantially in the manner herein set forth
to the action of a spray, substantially as herein-before described.
Secondly. Constructing the spindle of a centrifugal machine to be
employed for effecting the purification of sugar or saccharine matters
hollow, for the introduction of purifying agents, substantially as herein-
before described.
Thirdly. The employment in the drum or cage of the centrifugal
machine of a hollow core having perforations in its side for the passage
of steam into and amongst the sugar or saccharine matter contained
between the external periphery of the core and the internal periphery
of the drum or cage in combination or not with a lid or cover
fitted or attached to the drum or cage, substantially as herein-before
described.
Fourthly. Constructing the lining of the drum or cage with its
bottom edges turned in beneath the bottom of the annular guard, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein-before described.
Fifthly. Introducing the steam through a lid or cover fitted or
attached to the drum or cage of the machine by the aid of a steam pipe
arranged and connected so that it shall be capable of being elevated in
order to admit of the removal of the lid or cover, substantially in the
manner herein-before described.
Sixthly. Effecting the loosening of the sugar or saccharinc matter
after treatment in a centrifugal machine in order to facilitate its
removal therefrom, by the employment of a jet or jets of steam or a
film of steam which is introduced at the exterior of the drum or cage
containing the sugar or saccharine matter, and caused to pass through

page_text: the perforations of such drum or cage, substantially as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Duncan and Benjamin
Edward Reina Newlands, have to this our Specification set our
hands and seals, the Twenty-second day of May One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six.
JAMES DUNCAN.
(L.S.)
BENJAMIN EDWARD REINA NEWLANDS. (L.S.)