IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, MOULDING, AND PRESSING PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Kinscy, of Swansea, in the County of
Glamorgan, Mechanical and Consulting Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, MOULDING, AND PRESSING
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Kinsey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th April 1875.
I, HENRY KINSEY, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan,
Mechanical and Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING,
MOULDING, AND PRESSING ARTIFICIAL FUEL, PEAT, CLAY, AND OTHER SIMILAR
MATERIALS," to be as follows:—
The said Invention relates to machinery for the manufacture of blocks,
bricks, cubes, or pieces of artificial fuel, clay, or other material, capable
of being moulded and compressed.

page_text: The said Invention consists in various improvements relating partly to
machines, which have a rotating wheel or table, arranged either vertically
or horizontally, and provided with moulds into which the fuel, clay, or
other material is first fed, then compressed, and then discharged, tho
said table having an intermittent rotary motion whereby all of the
moulds are brought successively into the proper positions to permit
the proper performance of these various operations.
The first part of the said Invention relates to the novel construction of
a pug mill or mixer, and consists in dividing the same into a series of
divisions or compartments by means of horizontal plates with passages
from one to the other. I admit jets of steam through tubes or nozzles
into these compartments. The aforesaid horizontal division plates are for
the purpose of keeping the material to be mixed in a divided state,
instead of accumulating in a more or less solid mass at the bottom of
the pug mill, and at the same time they allow the steam more easily to
permeate the whole of the material, and thus effect a more thorough
mixture and coating of the same while being stirred by revolving arms,
a suitable number of which are fixed in cach compartment upon a
vertical shaft. By this construction of the pug mill or mixer the power
required to work it and the wear and tear are much reduced.
I partially effect the mixture of the materials of the fuel upon endless
bands or other conveyors by means of hoppers or boxes, each of which
contains one of the ingredients thereof. These hoppers have discharge
apertures or spouts capable of being adjusted to each other according to
the quantity of each of the ingredients required for the compound, and
through these apertures or passages the contents of the hoppers may be
discharged upon the said conveyors, or instead of adjustable spouts the
hoppers may be fitted with measurers, the different materials may also be
passed through sieves or similar apparatus which may have either a
reciprocating or rotary motion; if liquid compounds are used with the
above apparatus, suitable means are applied for imparting heat to such
compounds when required.
In my improved moulding and pressing machine I use a charging box
through which the material to be moulded and pressed is measured and
forced into the moulds, and at the same time partly compressed.
The second part of my said Invention consists in providing the
machine with this charging box, which has combined with it suitable
3

page_text: mechanism for forcing the fuel or other material therefrom into the
moulds. This forcing mechanism is a piston or plunger operated by a
crank or cam or other suitable device, which in some instances is
provided with means for automatically regulating the action of the
piston, according to the quantity of material in front of the said piston
at each stroke of the same.
The moulds are formed in and through a rotating disc or table, and in
cach mould there is a sliding block or die.
And another part of my Invention relates to means arranged in
combination with the said disc and dies for giving a last or final com-
pression to the material in the moulds. These sliding blocks or dies
project from the moulds on the side of the table opposite to the aforesaid
charging box, and on the same side is a steam cylinder. This steam.
cylinder is very short in proportion to its diameter. The piston of this
cylinder has attached to it a strong ram or plunger, which is forced by
the steam pressure against the aforesaid dies or blocks, and thereby
gives the final compression or squeeze to the material in the mould.
The table then makes a further partial rotation, and the sliding block or
dio discharges the pressed block of material.
The said mould wheel or table has teeth on its periphery and is geared
with a pinion, which for the purpose of giving to the said table the
required alternate movements and pauses has teeth only for a portion of
its circumference, and to prevent the shock or concussion which would
occur as the toothed part of the pinions comes into gear with the wheel
after cach pause, I provide the pinion with an clastic cushion or buffer.
This object is accomplished by making one part of the pinion fast on its
shaft, and the other part loose thereon, and interposing a cushion or
buffer of india-rubber or other suitable elastic material between the two
parts. I prefer in this arrangement to make one or more of the teeth of
the wheel or pinion or both considerably stronger than the other teeth.
I stop the said table or mould wheel accurately in the required
positions by means of a brake and catch actuated by a cam in connection
with the aforesaid pinions or by other suitable means which will stop the
table and release it for the next movement.
Instead of using steam pressure for giving the final or finishing
pressure to the material in the moulds, I sometimes effect this purpose

page_text: by a strong cam and a pivoted or sliding head arranged in combination.
with the said moulds. The said cam is fixed on a cross shaft supported
in suitable bearings on the frame or bed of the machine and driven by
toothed wheels or other means, whereby it is geared or connected with
the engine. The said pivoted or sliding head has strong jaws, between 5
which is fitted a friction roller that bears on the periphery of the cam.
The other end of the head is arranged in the proper position to meet the
sliding blocks or dies as each mould comes round, and pauses to receive
the final compression or squeeze. The cam then acts on the head and
forces the said die into the mould. The head is preferably made in two 1
parts, between which plates of different thickness may be interposed to
adjust the head to any required length, or the head may be fitted with
a hydraulic cylinder and ram connected with an accumulator, which will
effect the adjustment of the head automatically. I make the pivot pin
or bolt or the roller pin of such a diameter that if more than the
strain is exerted upon the machine the said pin will give way and prevent
injury to the more important parts of the mechanism.
proper
1
The said machine may have one mould wheel or table, or two, both
being arranged in combination with the same cam, or two cams may be
arranged upon the cam shaft, which will then occupy the centre of the 2
machine.
The compressed blocks are discharged from the moulds by a rocking
or sliding piston or plunger operated by a cam on the said main or
central cam shaft.
For manufacturing fuel in small blocks or pieces for domestic and 2
similar purposes I prefer to form the moulds in the form of longitudinal
grooves or channels in the periphery of two rollers arranged to rotate
together with their surfaces in contact, and so geared together that each
groove in one roller will meet a groove in the other roller, and the two
grooves will form a complete mould. I prefer that the ribs or pieces 3
between the moulds should have sharp edges. Above these two mould
rolls and centrally between them I place a charging box or hopper fitted
with a reciprocating plunger or a worm or other suitable feed apparatus,
which continually forces the fuel or other material down into the
moulds, which as the two rolls rotate are brought into the proper position 3
below the said charging box. To prevent the escape of any of the said
fuel between the bottom of the said charging box and the sharp edges of
the ribs between the moulds through the pressure of the feed apparatus

page_text: I provide the bottom of the said box with shields or guards which extend
some distance around the rolls and fit the same closely. As the rolls
rotate any material forced out by the pressure of the feed or rolls will
be caught under these shields and carried back by the said ribs into the
proper position to enter the moulds.
The said rolls may have flanges, or their ends may work against fixed
plates; and I in some instances provide for increasing the density of the
material in the moulds by causing one of the rolls to make a slight
advance towards the other roll at the moment of the greatest compression
or by means of small pistons or plungers fitted to slide in openings or
guides at one end of one roll or both rolls. The said pistons are forced in
and withdrawn at the proper times by a fixed cam or cams or other
suitable means; or said pistons may be operated by a small steam
hammer or other striking or pressing apparatus. The opposite end of the
roll must have its flange strong enough to resist the strain due to the
pressure of these pistons.
In some instances, instead of feeding these moulds between the two
rolls from a charging box as above described, I may feed and press the
materials into the moulds at their ends by means of a hopper or charging
box fitted with a plunger, which is actuated by a steam cylinder, cam, or
other suitable means; or I may use a piston or plunger to which a rapid
reciprocating motion is given, the supply of the material being so regu-
lated that each stroke of the plunger delivers only a small quantity
thereof, so that the mould is filled by accumulated small quantities, to
each of which a distinct pressure is given.
With this apparatus fitted with small pistons or plungers as above
described the fuel may be made spherical, the moulds and the end of the
plunger or piston having for this purpose such a shape that when
brought together they will present a spherical or globular form.
The hoppers or charging boxes, and the moulds and other parts of my
machine which are subject to being clogged or obstructed by the
adhesion of the fuel or other materials, may be coated with enamel of
any kind suitable for covering and protecting metal surfaces.

page_text: SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Henry
Kinsey in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
KINSEY, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan, Mechanical and
Consulting Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Kinsey, Her special licence
that I, the said Henry Kinsey, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Kinsey, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR PREPARING, MOULDING, AND PRESSING ARTIFICIAL FUEL, PEAT, CLAY, AND
OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Henry Kinsey, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office on or before
the Sixteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Kinsey, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings
forming a part of this Specification.
The said Invention relates to machinery for the manufacture of
blocks, bricks, cubes, or pieces of artificial fuel, clay, or other material
capable of being moulded and compressed.
The said Invention consists in various improvements relating partly
to machines which have a rotating wheel or table, arranged either

page_text: vertically or horizontally and provided with moulds into which the fuel,
clay, or other material is first fed, then compressed, and then discharged,
the said table having an intermittent rotary motion whereby all of the
moulds are brought successively into the proper positions to permit the
proper performance of these various operations.

page_text: discharge apertures or spouts capable of adjustment with regard to each
other according to the quantity of each of the ingredients required for
the compound, and through these apertures or passages the contents of
the hoppers may be discharged upon the said conveyors 6; or instead of
adjustable spouts the hoppers may be fitted with measures O'. The
different materials may also be passed through sieves or similar apparatus
as shewn at D¹, which may have either a reciprocating, vibratory, or
rotary motion; if liquid compounds are used with the above apparatus
suitable means are applied for imparting heat to such compounds when
required.
In my improved moulding and pressing machine I use a charging box,
through which the material to be moulded and pressed is measured and
forced into the moulds and at the same time partly compressed.
The second part of my said Invention consists in providing the machine
with this charging box as shewn at E, and which has combined with it
suitable mechanism for forcing the fuel or other material therefrom into
the moulds F, the sliding block J being forced back by the partly
compressed fuel in the charging box. This forcing mechanism is a
piston or plunger G, operated by a crank disc or cam H, or other
suitable device which in some instances is provided with a spring I, or
hydraulic compensator or other suitable means for automatically
regulating the action of the piston according to the quantity of material
in front of the said piston at each stroke of the same.
The moulds F are formed in and through a rotating disc or table L,
and in each mould there is a sliding block or die J.
And another part of my Invention relates to means arranged in
combination with the said disc and dies for giving the last or final
compression to the material in the moulds. These sliding blocks or dies
J project from the moulds F on the side of the table opposite to the
aforesaid charging box E, and on the same side I arrange a steam
cylinder K, shewn in Figure 6. This steam cylinder is very short in
proportion to its diameter. The piston K' of this cylinder has attached
to it a strong arm or plunger K³, which is forced by the steam pressure
against the aforesaid dies or blocks J, Figure 4, and thereby gives the
final compression or squeeze to the material in the mould. The table
then makes a further partial rotation and the sliding block or die
discharges the pressed block of material.

page_text: The said mould wheel or table L, Figure 7, has teeth L' on its
periphery and is geared with a pinion L which for the purpose of giving
to the said table the required alternate movements and pauses has teeth
only for a portion of its circumference, and to prevent the shock or
concussion which would occur as the toothed part of the pinion L*
comes into gear with the wheel L after cach pause I provide the
pinion L with an elastic cushion or buffer. For this purpose I make
one part L' of the pinion fast on its shaft L', and the other part L³ loose
thereon, and interpose a piece of india-rubber M or other suitable elastic
material between the two parts. I prefer in this arrangement to make
one or more of the teeth L' of the wheel or pinion, or both, considerably
1 T1
The said mould wheel or table L, Figure 7, has teeth L' on its
periphery and is geared with a pinion L which for the purpose of giving
to the said table the required alternate movements and pauses has teeth
only for a portion of its circumference, and to prevent the shock or
concussion which would occur as the toothed part of the pinion L'
comes into gear with the wheel L after each pause I provide the
pinion L with an clastic cushion or buffer. For this purpose I make
one part L³ of the pinion fast on its shaft L', and the other part L³ loose
thereon, and interpose a piece of india-rubber M or other suitable elastic
material between the two parts. I prefer in this arrangement to make
one or more of the teeth L' of the wheel or pinion, or both, considerably
stronger than the other teeth L.
I stop the said table or mould wheel accurately in the required
positions by means of a brake N and catch N¹ on the mould wheel L,
actuated by a cam L' in connection with the aforesaid pinion, or by
other suitable means.
Instead of using steam power for giving the final or finishing pressure
to the material in the moulds I sometimes effect this purpose by a strong
cam P (see Figure 4) and a pivoted or sliding head Q arranged in com-
bination with the said moulds F and sliding blocks J. The cam P is
fixed on a cross shaft P¹ supported in suitable bearings on the frame or
bed of the machine, and driven by toothed wheels or other means
whereby it is geared or connected with the engine. The said pivoted or
sliding head Q has strong jaws between which is fitted a friction roller R
that bears on the periphery of the cam P; the other end of the head Q
is arranged in the proper position to meet the sliding blocks or dies J as
each mould comes round and pauses to receive the final compression or
squeeze. The cam P then acts on the head Q through the medium of
the friction pulley R and forces the die J into the mould F. The
head is preferably made in two parts q, q', between which plates of
different thickness may be interposed to adjust the head Q to any
required length; or the head may be fitted with a hydraulic cylinder
and ram connected with an accumulator which will effect the adjustment
of the head automatically; I make the roller pin R¹ of such a diameter
and strength that if more than the proper strain is exerted upon the
machine the said pin will give way and prevent injury to the more
important parts of the mechanism.

page_text: The said machine may have one mould wheel or table, or two, both
being arranged in combination with the same cam; or two cams may be
arranged upon the same shaft which will then occupy the centre of the
machine.
The compressed blocks are discharged from the moulds F by a rocking
or sliding piston or plunger J' operated through the levers J' by a
cam J³ on the said main or central cam shaft.
For manufacturing fuel in small blocks or pieces for domestic or
similar purposes I prefer to make the moulds in the form of longitudinal
grooves or channels S, see Figure 8, in the periphery of two rollers S¹, S²,
arranged to rotate together with their surfaces in contact, and so geared
together that each groove in one roller will meet a groove in the other
roller, as at I, and the two grooves will form a complete mould. I prefer
that the ribs or pieces between the moulds should have sharp edges.
Above these two mould rolls and centrally between them I place a
charging box or hopper T fitted with a reciprocating plunger, or a worm,
or other suitable feed apparatus which continually forces the fuel or other
material down into the moulds, which as the two rolls rotate are brought
into the proper position below the said charging box. To prevent the
escape of any of the said fuel between the bottom of the said charging:
box and the sharp edges of the ribs between the moulds through the
pressure of the feed apparatus I provide the bottom of the said box with
shields or guards T which extend some distance around the rolls and fit
the same closely. As the rolls rotate any material forced out by the
pressure of the feed or rolls will be caught under these shields and
carried back by the said ribs into the proper position to enter the
moulds.
The said rolls may have flanges, or their ends may work against fixed
plates; and I in some instances provide for increasing the density of the

page_text: the roll must have its flange strong enough to resist the strain due to the
pressure of these pistons.
In some instances instead of feeding these moulds between the two rolls
from a charging box as above described I may feed and press the materials
into the moulds at their ends by means of a hopper or charging box
fitted with a plunger which is actuated by a steam cylinder, cam, or
other suitable means; or I may use a piston or plunger to which a rapid
reciprocating motion is given, the supply of the material being so
regulated that each stroke of the plunger delivers only a small quantity
thereof, so that the mould is filled by accumulated small quantities, to
cach of which a distinct pressure is given.
With this apparatus fitted with small pistons or plungers as above
described the fuel may be made spherical, the moulds and the end of
the plunger or piston having for this purpose such a shape that when
brought together they will present a spherical or globular form.
The hoppers or charging boxes and the moulds and other parts of my
machine, which are subject to being clogged or obstructed by the
adhesion of the fuel or other materials, may be coated with enamel of
any kind suitable for covering and protecting metal surfaces.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. The pug mill or mixer constructed with a scries of divisions or
compartments, and provided with means for stirring and mixing the
contents thereof, and for introducing jets of steam to the same during
the operation of stirring, for the purpose specified.
Second. The combination of parts for effecting the mixture of the
material comprising the endless bands or conveyors, and the hoppers or
boxes with adjustable discharge apertures or spouts, or measures, or the
said bands and conveyors, and reciprocating, vibratory, or rotating sieves,
either with or without the means for imparting heat to the compound as
herein set forth.
Third. In combination with the other parts of my improved moulding
and pressing machine, the charging box provided with forcing
mechanism, whereby the material is measured and partly compressed
as herein set forth.

page_text: Fourth. In combination with a mould or moulds in the rotating table
or disc, and with the sliding block or blocks therein, the steam cylinder
and ram or plunger, constructed and operating as herein set forth and
for the purpose specified.
Fifth. The combination of parts comprising the mould, wheel, or 5
table, the pinion with the teeth only in a portion of its periphery geared
with the said wheel, and the elastic cushion or buffer constructed,
arranged, and operating as herein set forth and for the purpose specified.
Sixth. In combination with the said mould wheel or table, and the
moulds fitted with the blocks or dies operating as above described, the 1
brake or stop mechanism, whereby the said mould wheel or table may
be stopped with accuracy in the required positions.
Seventh. The cam and sliding head and devices connected therewith,
in combination with the moulds and the blocks or dies therein, operating
as herein set forth for giving the final pressure to the material in the 1
moulds.
Eighth. A machine for manufacturing fuel and for similar purposes
with one mould wheel or table, and the other parts and devices above
described, constructed, arranged, and operating as herein specified.
Ninth. A machine for manufacturing fuel and for similar purposes 2
provided with two mould wheels or tables in combination with the other
parts and devices, constructed, arranged, and operating as herein set
forth and for the purpose specified.
Tenth. The two rollers with longitudinal grooves and intermediate
ribs with sharp edges fitting and operating together in combination with 2
the shields or guards as herein set forth and for the purpose specified.
Eleventh. The combination of these rollers and shields of the other
parts and devices forming a machine for manufacturing fuel in small
blocks or pieces, constructed and operating as herein set forth.
Twelfth. In combination with moulding rollers whose moulds are 3
longitudinal grooves the small pistons or plungers for increasing the
density of the material in the said moulds, operating as herein set
forth.
Thirteenth. Providing the said longitudinally grooved rollers with
means for feeding them at their ends and regulating the feed as herein 3
set forth.

page_text: Fourteenth. The construction of this apparatus or machine for making
the fuel spherical as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Kinsey, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.