Improvements in and relating to Steam Boilers.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Mar., 1898-Accepted, 14th May, 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Steam Boilers.
We, JOHN JAY TONKIN (Mechanical Engineer), of 25, Cortlandt Street, New
York City, in the County and State of New York, United States of America, and
JOHN EATON (Merchant), of 213, Water Street, in the City of Pittsburgh, in the
County of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement: -
Referring to the accompanying drawings—
Figure is a longitudinal central section of a steam boiler embodying our
invention.
Figure 2 is a vertical transverse section of the boiler and fire-chamber on the
dotted line 2-2, Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section of the fire-box and water-legs of the boiler, on
the line 3-3 Figure 1.
Figure 4 is an enlarged detail sectional view of a portion of the fire chamber
and deflecting partition, illustrating the preferred form and arrangement of the
fire-brick which constitute the deflecting partition of the fire-chamber.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal central section of a steam boiler embodying our inven-
tien, showing a modified arrangement of the deflecting partitions, and
Figures 6 and 7, are vertical sectional views taken on the dotted lines 6-6
and 7-7, Figure 5, showing respectively the anterior and posterior, or bridge
and pendent deflecting partitions.
Like symbols refer to like parts wherever they occur.
Our invention relates to that class of steam-boilers having an included combus-
tion chamber and commonly known as internally-fired boilers, and has for its
object the production of a simple and efficient steam boiler of the portable locomotive
pattern.
One feature of our invention, generally stated, involves the combination in an
included combustion chamber boiler, of an outer shell, an inner shell, water tubes
which cross the included combustion chamber and connect the heads of the inner
shell, a deflecting partition arranged in the included combustion chamber and
composed of a series of tiles or bricks whose cross sectional area substantially corres-
ponds with the space included by a group of the water tubes, and hand holes
arranged in the outer shell in line with the water tubes which traverse the included
combustion chamber, whereby the water tubes may be removed and repaired with-
out displacing the deflecting partition of the included combustion chamber.
A further feature of the invention embraces the combination with the water-
legs and blow-off of an inclined perforate plate or plates arranged in the water-legs
of a steam-boiler and forming a mud chamber therein for facilitating the blowing
off of the mud and sediment,

page_text: There are other, minor, features of invention, all as will hereinafter more fully
appear.
We will now proceed to describe our invention more fully so that others skilled
in the art to which it appertains may apply the same.
In the drawing, 1 indicates the main shell of a steam boiler, preferably of
general cylindrical form, as well as sufficiently elongated to accommodate an
internal combustion chamber without materially reducing the water space of a
boiler of given horse power, said shell being extended down as at 1" at the fire-box
end, and provided with an exit flue at the fire-box end of the shell.
2 indicates an included shell of the same general form as the main shell but of
less dimensions, the shell 2 having downward extensions 2ª which in conjunction
with the extensions 1 of main shell 1 constitute continuous water-legs which
enclose and form the fire-box F, which fire-box is co-extensive with the forward
end of inner shell 2 and with which it has unobstructed communication, and said
inner shell has its exit flue in like position, or to register with the exit flue of
outer shell 1.
The major portion of the inner shell 2 back of the fire box F and which consti-
tutes the combustion chamber C is preferably corrugated, as indicated at 2b, as
thereby the shell is materially stiffened and the water surface proportionately
increased.
The heads 2° 2d of the included shell 2 are connected by a series of water-tubes 3
which not only brace the inner heads and afford support for the deflecting parti-
tions of combustion chamber C, but also increase the water surface and facilitate
circulation. In the outer shell 1, and in line with said tubes 3, at both ends are a
series of hand holes 3" whereby the said water tubes 3 may be readily cleaned of
scale or other deposit, and removed for repair when necessary.
1b indicates a series of hollow stay-bolts which connect and brace the corres-
ponding heads of the outer or main shell 1 and the included (or combustion
chamber) shell 2, and said hollow-stay bolts are so placed between the water-tubes 3,
as to allow of the introduction of steam jets (or equivalent means) into the com-
bustion chamber for cleaning the exposed or outer surfaces of the water-tubes 3.
E indicates the exit flue which leads from the internal combustion chamber C
to a suitable smoke-stack, and the location of said exit flue will depend upon
whether longitudinal or transverse deflecting partitions are employed in the
included combustion chamber, to prolong the travel of the products of combustion
after the same leave the fire-box F.
For many reasons we prefer to employ a longitudinal transverse partition 4
(see Figure 1) which at the front is interposed between the fire-box F and the
crown sheet, thus preventing the over-heating of the crown-sheet, and which
extends backward terminating at such point within the shell 2 as will leave a
suitable throat for the passage of the products of combustion into the space (or
return flue) above said partition 4. With such an arrangement of the deflecting
partition, the exit flue E should be at the same end of the boiler as the fire-box.
If, however, a different construction is desired, the deflecting partitions may take
the form of a bridge wall 4" and pendent wall 4b (see Figures 5, 6 and 7) in which
case the exit flue E will be at the end of shell 2 distant from the fire-box F.
However the deflecting partitions of the combustion chamber C may be placed,
we prefer to construct them of a series of separate fire-brick 5 the cross-section of
which corresponds to the space included between a group of the water-tubes, or
between a group of the water-tubes and the shell 2, and with a plurality of tube
seats 5 so arranged and disposed that the bricks constituting the partition will
be supported and held in position by the water-tubes 3, while at the same time
individual water-tubes may be withdrawn from time to time and replaced, or
renewed, without displacing the fire-bricks constituting the flame deflecting
partition.
In the water-leg of a steam boiler, and in the present instance between the
pendent portions 1° 2° of the shells 1 and 2, or that portion which encloses the

page_text: fire-box F, we arrange one or more inclined perforated plates 6 (see Figures 1, 2
and 3) at such distance from the bottom of the water-leg as will form a mud
chamber 7 with which the blow-off cock 8 communicates, and so arrange that the
total area of the perforations in the inclined plate 6 shall be less than the area of
the blow-off cock 8, whereby the pressure in the chamber 7 is reduced when the
blow-off cock is opened, thus facilitating the discharge of the mud and sediment
from the water-leg above the inclined perforated plate 6.
In the case of a rectangular water-leg, of the character constituting the fire-box
of the steam-boiler, we prefer to employ a series of four separate plates, (see
Figure 3) the communication between the chambers formed thereby being closed,
and each chamber provided with its own blow-off cock, so that no angles or obstruc-
tions to the free flow of the sediment will be formed to interfere with the thorough
efficiency of the devices.
Having constructed a steam-boiler substantially as hereinbefore pointed out,
we prefer to set the same at such an inclination, say an inch to the foot, as will
ensure that the distant ends of the water-tubes 3-or those farthest from the fire-
chamber F and those located beneath the horizontal deflecting partition 4 shall,
at all times, be below the water level, even when the water is low in the boiler.
The water tubes which are above the partition 4 or next the crown sheet over the
fire-box being protected from the direct flames of the fire and subject only to the
practically spent products, will be preserved by the interposed fire-brick deflecting
partition 4 from injury in case the boiler water should fall nearly, or quite, to the
level of the partition at the front thereof.
In setting a boiler embodying our invention, only a sufficient brick work is
required at the front to afford a foundation and constitute an ash chamber beneath
the grate bars, so that little heat is lost in that direction, while a short pier at the
rear and a saddle and rollers will accommodate any expansion and contraction
of the boiler.
Among the advantages incident to a steam boiler constructed in accordance
with our invention, is that the fire and combustion chambers are entirely within
the boiler, so that all heat generated must pass by absorption to the boiler water,
and none can be lost by radiation other than that due to radiation from the boiler
water, and this can be reduced to a minimum by the use of an asbestos or other
suitable boiler covering, there being no brick-work to obstruct the jacketing of
the boiler, to absorb and radiate heat-or to crack and admit air drafts to the
combustion chamber. A further advantage of our invention consists in the ability
to remove, repair, and replace the water tubes without disturbing the deflecting
partition of the combustion chamber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim, is:--
1. In a steam boiler, the combination with an outer shell having a downward
extension and an exit flue located above the same, of an inner shell of like form,
said inner shell constituting an included fire chamber and combustion chamber,
a series of water tubes which traverse the combustion chamber and connect the
heads of the inner shell, a horizontal rearwardly extending deflecting partition
composed of a series of brick or tile whose cross sectional area corresponds sub-
stantially with the space included by a group of water tubes, and hand holes in the
outer shell and in line with the water tubes, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
2. In a steam boiler, the combination with a water-leg, of an inclined perforate
plate arranged to form a mud chamber in said water-leg, and a blow-off cock
beneath the plate, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
3. In a steam boiler, the combination with a water-leg and a blow-off cock, of
an interposed perforated plate forming a mud-chamber, the aggregate area of the

page_text: periorations of said plate being less than the area of the blow-off cock, substantially
as and for the purposes specified.
Dated this 22nd day of March 1898.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.