IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PAPER BAGS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Broadbent and John Broadbent, of the
City of Manchester, Paper Manufacturers, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PAPER
BAGS."
Sealed the 28th August 1868, and dated the 11th March 1868.
PRO ISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Broadbent
and John Broadbent at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 11th March 1868.
We, EDMUND BROADBENT and JOHN BROADBENT, of the City of
Manchester, Paper Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR
MANUFACTURING PAPER BAGS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of manufacturing paper
bags with a square or flat end, and the improvements are applicable,
first, to the machine for forming an endless strip or band of paper into
a tube of the size required for the paper bags; and, secondly, to the
machine for folding the ends of the tube and cutting off the bags. The
band of paper passes over a guide roller having adjustable washers
secured to the rollers by rings of india-rubber, which washers are moved

page_text: on the roller according to the width of the band of paper. The pasting
apparatus consists of an endless band of cotton or other fabric or material
passing over rollers, one of which revolves in the paste trough as usual,
and the paste is removed from one side of the band by a metal tube or
scaper through which the band passes. The driving roller is furnished
with pins passing partly through the band to carry it round. After
the strip or band of paper with the paste on one edge has been folded
by the usual template it is carried over a drying cylinder to dry the
paste it is then carried forward by squeezing rollers, the motion of
which is governed by a ratchet wheel and gearing, and presented to the
apparatus for folding the end of the tube; between the drying cylinder
and squeezing rollers is placed an opener to clear the inside of the tube.
The folding apparatus consists of a vertical plate or table made in two
pieces which are opened and closed by cams or other equivalents; the
plates are opened to allow the end of the tube to pass, they are then
closed to hold it; a pair of folders fitted with centre guides then come
against the edges of the tube to open it; these folders press the ends of
the tube on to the plate, one folder acting a little sooner than the other
to lay one of the opposite edges of the paper over the other and to
prevent the folders coming in contact. A slide placed in front of the
end of the tube actuated by a tappet or other equivalent is now brought
against the flattened end of the tube and forms indents in the paper
and applies paste to the end of the bag; the corners of the bag are then
folded over by a second pair of folders also actuated by cams or other
equivalents, thereby completing the end of the bag; the vertical plates
are then opened to allow the end of the tube to be pushed forward the
required distance by the squeezing rollers above referred to; the plates
are now again closed and a pair of shears or knife placed in front of
the machine cuts off the bag, which then drops into a suitable receptacle.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 30
filed by the said Edmund Broadbent and John Broadbent in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th September 1868.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Edmund Broadbent and John Broadbent,
Her special license that we, the said Edmund Broadbent and John
Broadbent, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Edmund Broadbent and John Broadbent, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PAPER BAGS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Edmund Broadbent and
John Broadbent, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edmund Broadbent and John
Broadbent, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):—
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of manufacturing paper
bags with a square or flat end, and the improvements are applicable,
first, to the machine for forming an endless strip, or band of paper
into a tube of the size required for the paper bags; and, secondly,
to the machine for folding the ends of the tube and cutting off the
bags.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood, and
readily carried into operation, we will proceed to describe the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and
letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Figure 2 an end elevation of our
improved machinery for forming an endless strip or band of paper
into a tube.

page_text: The endless strip or band of paper is wound on the roller a in the
usual manner and placed in the bearings 6, which are cast or fixed
to the main framing of the machine; the paper on leaving the
roller a is taken over the circular guide rail c, on
which are
adjustable washers, and then over the breast roller d. Below the
roller d is the pasting apparatus, consisting of the trough e, see also
the plan Figure 3, through one side of which passes a shaft to which
is fixed the paste roller e¹ and the grooved pulley e³, which is driven
by a band from the roller d; the paste roller e¹ drives the pasting
band which passes over the roller e mounted on a stud projecting
from the lever e³. The pasting band is placed so that the paste is
applied to one side of the strip of paper. When the pasting band
leaves the trough e it passes through the tube or scraper eo, by
which the excess of paste is scraped off.
After the strip or band of paper has passed over the roller d it is
taken under the curved end of the template f, shewn in plan in
Figure 4; this template is made of sheet metal, and its width must
correspond to the size of the tube or bag to be made. The template
is supported by the bracket f fixed to the cross shaft f, and it
reaches from near the roller d to the surface of the roller g, near
which are placed the folders f¹ and f; the lower parts of the
folders fare fixed on the table at each side of the template, and
the upper parts f* are jointed to f¹ and are adjustable according to
the width of the tube of paper. The folders are so arranged that
the edge of the paper without paste is first laid on the template and
then the edge with paste is brought over it, thereby forming the
tube, which is carried forward by the roller g and wound by friction
on to the roller h. The roller g is driven by a strap and pulleys
from the shaft i to which the driving pulleys are fixed, and the
breast roller d is driven by a crossed band or strap from the roller g.
When the roller is full it is taken away and placed in a heated
chamber or otherwise disposed of until the paste is dry, after which
the tube may be taken to the bottoming machine, shewn in front
elevation in Figure 5 and in side elevation in Figure 6, or to any
other bag machine, or the tube can be made into bags by hand.
In Figures 5 and 6, h is the roller with the paper tube wound upon
it; the tube is taken over the guide rail ¹ fitted with adjustable
washers and over the table k, on which is the opener k³, the outer end

page_text: of which is fitted with springs, as shewn in Figure 7. The paper tube
is unwound off the roller by the feed rollers or pulleys j, j³, to which
an intermittent motion is given for unwinding a certain quantity of
the tube off the roller and for presenting the required length to the
folding apparatus, which is shewn partly detached in Figures 8 and 9.
The folding apparatus consists of the vertical plate or table 1, which
is provided with V-shaped projections for the folding slides m and n
to move upon. The first folder m is flat and thin, and is moved to
and fro by the lever m¹ and cam m², which is fixed on the cam shaft o.
The lever m' is jointed to the lever m³ mounted on a stud in the
plate, and this lever m³ is connected to the lever m by the stud
projecting from the folder slide m. To both of the levers m³ and m⭑
are fixed the corner folders p. The folder slide n is moved to and
fro by the lever n', shewn in Figure 5, and cam n² fixed to the shaft o;
this folder is provided with a roller n³ to press on the fold of the paper
and to make creases for the corners of the bag. To the slide n is
also connected the pasting apparatus, consisting of the two brushes q
mounted on a swivel arm; these brushes are supplied with paste
contained in the trough q¹ fixed to the lever q³, which is worked by
the cam o³ on the shaft o. Beneath the slide n is a steel plate n',
see Figure 8, of the width of the corners of the bag, to hold the bag i
while the corners are folded; this plate is moved by the slide n; it
lays on the paper after the roller n³ has been withdrawn, and thus
preserves the corners until doubled by the folders p, p, and then it is
withdrawn to release the bag. To the shaft o is fixed the cam ol
for opening and closing the slot in the table 1, as shewn in Figure 7;
the cam o¹ acts on the lever o², which is jointed to the same stud as
the lever m³, and to the end of the lever o is bolted the flat plate P
for holding the paper bag against the plate or table 1. To the shaft o
is also fixed the cam o' for working the shears r, r, by the link r³,
the lower end of which is forked to clear the shaft o, and is provided
with a bowl resting on the cam o'; the upper end of the link is
also forked, and is coupled to both the shears at opposite sides of
their fulcrum stud, thus moving one blade up and the other down.
To the shaft o is fixed the cam o for giving the various motions to
the centre guide 8, see Figure 9; the exterior of the cam os acts on the
lever 8, the upper end of which has a toothed segment gearing into
a pinion fixed to the bush & fitting in the boss of the lever 8* through

page_text: which the centre guide & works, the front of the cam o³ acts on the
lever for giving the requisite to-and-fro motions to the centre guide.
The cam o acts on the lever 8 and serves to move the bush s and
centre guides out of action when the bag is complete.
The mode of communicating motion to the various parts of the
machine is as follows:-t is the driving shaft provided with a driving.
pulley and clutch box, as shewn in Figure 5; to the shaft is fixed
a pinion gearing into the wheel u¹ on the shaft u, which drives the
shaft o by the mitre pinions shewn, or by a worm and wheel. To the
shaft u is fixed the cam u² for actuating the lever v mounted on the
stud v'; in the lever is an adjustable stud for actuating the elbow
lever o mounted on the shaft w; to this shaft is fixed the ratchet
wheel w², which is turned round intermittently by the catches 20
jointed to the vertical arm of the elbow lever 20¹. To the shaft w is
also keyed the spur wheel w' gearing into a pinion on the axle
of the feed roller j.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-When the ratchet
wheel w has been turned partly round, the feed rollers j and j¹ draw
off the roller h; the portion of paper tube required and the length of
tube drawn off can be regulated by varying the position of the stud
in the levers and w¹; as the paper tube is drawn forward it is opened
by the springs of the opener k², the end of the paper tube is forced
through a slot in the plate or table 1, and then held fast by the
plate at the end of the lever o², closing against the upper part of
the table; the shears r now come into operation to cut off the end
of the tube, leaving a portion of tube between the shears and the
front of the table of the length required for forming the bottom of
the bag. The centre guide s is now brought forward into the inside
of the tube, and in advancing it pushes back the opener until the
end of the opener is level with the face of the table; the centre guide
also creases the paper against the table, it is then pulled back a little
by a depression on the face of the cam o, and then turned one-fourth
round by the toothed segment on the lever ; this turning of the
centre guide prepares the end of the tube for the action of the folders;
the centre guide is then again brought slightly forward by an elevation
on the cam o, and it remains in that position until the slide or first
folder m is brought forward by the cam m², and flattens the end of

page_text: the tube on to the table ; the centre guide is then rapidly withdrawn,
and the second folder n is brought into action to complete the flattening
of the end of the tube, and as the roller ³ in the folder n is provided
with projecting rims the passage of the roller creases the end of the
bag to facilitate the corners being turned over by the action of the
folders p, P.
When the slide n has been partly drawn back the
brushes are brought into operation to apply paste to the end of the
bag; the folders p, p, are now brought down to turn over the corners,
and as soon as they have turned over the corners the slide n retires
and the folders p, p, approach each other until they nearly meet
together; they then open again, and in opening they give the final
pressure to the end of the bag; the plate at the end of the lever o is
then opened, the centre guide is moved to one side by the action of
the cam o, and the feed rollers ; and are put in motion to push
forward another portion of the paper tube; the shears r, r, then again
come into operation to cut off the finished bag which drops into a
suitable receptacle. The operations are then repeated as before.
By means of this improved machinery paper bags with square
bottoms are completed on a flat table without the aid of a mandril or
block.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and desc cd
the mode of performing the same, we declare that we claim,―
First. The general combination and arrangement of the parts forming
a machine for making a continuous tube of paper, as shewn and
described.
Secondly. The improved apparatus for applying paste to the edge
of the paper, as shewn and described.
Thirdly. The general combination and arrangement of the parts
forming a machine for folding the ends of paper bags with square
bottoms, as shewn and described.
Fourthly. The improved apparatus marked for opening the end
of the paper tube, as shewn and described.
Fifthly. The table marked and parts acting in combination there-
with for folding the ends of paper bags, as shewn and described.

page_text: And, lastly. The centre guide marked 8, and the apparatus for
imparting the various movements to it, as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edmund Broadbent and John
Broadbent, have hereto set our hands and seals, this Third
day of September One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
EDMUND BROADBENT. (L.S.)
JOHN BROADBENT.
(L.S.)