IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF YARNS AND FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Cunningham Connor, of Belfast, in the
County of Antrim, Ircland, Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF YARNS AND FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
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IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF YARNS AND FIBROUS SUBSTANCES.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Cunningham
Connor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th February 1874.
I, CHARLES CUNNINGHAM CONNOR, of Belfast, in the County of
Antrim, Ireland, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF YARNS AND FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is particularly beneficial when applied to yarns of flax,
hemp, cotton, and other fibres, and consists in so treating the said yarns
that they are considerably increased in strength and rendered in a state
very favorable for their being woven.
My Invention is also applicable to the preparation of sewing threads
and twines, and for the yarns from which they are made.

page_text: To carry into effect my Invention I saturate the yarns by any con-
venient method with a solution of glycerine and water in proportions
of 5 to 20 per cent. of the former, more or less, according to the size
of yarn or the material to be treated. The yarn saturated as aforesaid
is squeezed or pressed so as to remove the superfluous portion of the
solution in a hydro-extracter, or by pressure between rollers, or by a
hydraulic press, or by some of the well-known means of effecting that
object so as to leave as far as possible an equal quantity of the solution
in all parts of the yarn. The yarn is then subjected to the action of the
air or artificial heat so as to evaporate the water and leave the glycerine
in the yarn. The yarn is now ready to be put through the ordinary
process of sizing or dressing, whereby the exterior surfaces of the threads
are coated with sizing matter which confines the glycerine introduced
as aforesaid within the fibres of the threads keeping them in a tough
and mellow condition, and thereby retaining the maximum strength and
clasticity for a long period.
This process is applicable to the preparation of sewing threads and
twines, also for the yarns from which such threads or twines are made,
rendering them tough and pliable.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Cunningham Connor in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 17th August 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
CUNNINGHAM CONNOR, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Cunningham Connor,
Her special licence, that I, the said Charles Cunningham Connor, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Charles Cunningham Connor, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and

page_text: at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF YARNS AND
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Charles Cunningham Connor, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Cunningham Connor, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
My Invention is particularly beneficial when applied to yarns of flax,
hemp, cotton, and other fibres, and it consists in so treating the said
yarns that they are considerably increased in strength and elasticity,
and consequently brought into the most favourable condition for being
woven.
My Invention is also applicable to the preparation of sewing threads.
and twines, and to the yarn from which they are made.
To carry into effect my Invention I saturate the yarns when in the
hank or otherwise by any convenient method with a solution of glycerine
and water in the proportion of from five to twenty per cent. of the.
former to from ninety-five to eighty per cent. of the latter, or more or less
according to the size of yarn or the material to be treated. The yarns
saturated as aforesaid have the superfluous portion of the solution of
glycerine expelled by means of a hydro-extractor, or by pressure between
rollers, or by a hydraulic press, or by some of the well-known means
for effecting that object so as to leave as far as possible an equal
quantity of the solution in all parts of the yarn. The yarn is then
subjected to the action of the air or artificial heat to evaporate the
water and leave the glycerine in the yarn. The yarn or thread is
now ready to be put through the ordinary process of sizing or dressing,
which may be done in the ordinary sizing or dressing machine when
.

page_text: such process is necessary, whereby the exterior surfaces of the yarns
or threads are coated with sizing matter which confines the glycerine
(introduced as aforesaid) within the fibres of the threads, keeping them
in a tough or elastic and mellow condition, and thereby retaining the
maximum strength and elasticity for a long period.
This process is applicable to the preparation of sewing threads and
twines, also for the yarns from which such threads or twines are made,
thereby rendering them tough and pliable and not liable to break.
By means of my improved mode of preparing yarns and other fibrous
substances, the yarns and the fabrics woven therefrom may be kept
for a considerable time, or shipped to hot climates without being injured
by mildew.
Having thus stated the nature and particulars of my Invention, I
wish it to be understood that I do not intend to limit myself to the
details given, as in some cases it is desirable to increase the strength 1
of the solution of glycerine.
I claim the improvements in the preparation of yarns as described,
whereby the glycerine is retained in the yarn after the water in which
it was dissolved is evaporated or otherwise removed.
I also claim the mode of preparing fibrous substances as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Cunningham Connor, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of August One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
CHARLES A CONNOR
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