matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONVEYING AND TREATING ANIMAL CHARCOAL AND SUGAR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Steele and John Hastie
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 14th February 1868.
We, JAMES STEELE, Sugar Refiner, and JOHN HASTIE, Engineer, both
of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR CONVEYING AND TREATING ANIMAL CHARCOAL AND SUGAR," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention has for one of its objects the conveying of animal
charcoal in a simple and economical manner, and by means which are
also conveniently adapted for treating it, either to cool it, air it, dry it,
or free it from dust.
The Invention is also applicable for conveying, cooling, and drying
sugar.
The improved apparatus is designed for dealing with the animal
charcoal or sugar in a granular state and is applicable in sugar
refineries, and wherever ground animal charcoal or sugar requires to be
conveyed or to be treated in the manner indicated.

page_text: The Invention consists in arranging pipes or ducts in horizontal,
vertical, or other required directions for the conveyance of the animal
charcoal or sugar and in causing air currents produced by any convenient
blowing or exhausting apparatus to travel along such pipes in the
direction in which the material is to be conveyed. If the animal
charcoal is in a heated state from having been reburned, cold air may
be employed so as to cool and air it whilst conveying it from the
situation of the reburning kilns or retorts to that of the cisterns wherein
it is to be used; or if the material is damp the air current may be heated
by well-known means so as to dry it. For the purpose of separating
the fine grains and dust from the coarser grains the air passage may be
enlarged near its discharge end, the consequent decrease in the strength
of the current then causing the heavier particles to fall whilst the lighter
ones or dust will be carried further. A perforated screen or screens may
also be used to assist in separating the dust. The material is to be
submitted to the action of the air current by putting it into a hopper-
shaped inlet adapted to the pipe or duct.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER BINDERS OR EYELETS, AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FIXING TOGETHER PAPERS AND OTHER ARTICLES BY MEANS OF SUCH AND OTHER PAPER BINDERS OR EYELETS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edward Turnbull at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his 'Petition,
on the 4th April 1868.
I, CHARLES EDWARD TURNBULL, of Saint Paul's Crescent, Camden
Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER BINDERS OR EYELETS,
AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FIXING TOGETHER PAPERS AND OTHER
ARTICLES BY MEANS OF SUCH AND OTHER PAPER BINDERS OR EYELETS," to be
as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in paper binders or
eyelets, and in means or apparatus for fixing together papers and
other articles by means of such and other paper binders or eyelets,
and consists, firstly, in forming the stems or points of paper binders
or eyelets of a curved sectional form in order to give additional strength
thereto. The paper binders or eyelets used may be those in which a hole
is formed in the centre thereof, and the points or stems are folded
over and brought up through the hole, or they may be folded in a
similar manner to the ordinary paper binder but having by preference
a hole formed through the back thereof.

page_text: The Invention relates, secondly, to means or apparatus employed
to operate upon such description of paper binders or eyelets when
connecting together paper and other articles thereby. For this purpose
I employ apparatus consisting of a plunger and piercer, as is now
well understood, but I form an incline or inclined hole on each side
of the ordinary hole in the centre of such plunger, and I apply a suitable
guide or guides to such plunger to retain it in correct position relative
to the eyelet or paper binder. Thus when applying a paper binder
or eyelet to papers or other articles, by forcing down the plunger
the points of the paper binder or eyelet are first bent outwards, and
then by a second action of the plunger the points of the paper binder
or eyelet are pressed down upon the papers or other articles to which
it is applied. By these means the necessity for turning down the
points of the paper binder or eyelet by hand as heretofore is obviated.
If desired the piercer may be carried by the plunger and a suitable
recess or guides formed in the table or bed plate to receive the eyelet
or paper binder, whilst the papers or other articles may be supported
upon a table which is borne up whilst the piercing is effected and is
capable of being forced down by the plunger when turning over the
points of the eyelet or paper binder.
IMPROVEMENTS EN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING OPTICAL ILLUSIONS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rufus Gibbon Wells and David
Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th January 1868.
We, RUFUS GIBBON WELLS, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Aeronaut, and DAVID JONES, of the same Place, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
EN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING OPTICAL ILLUSIONS," to be as follows (that is
to say):-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements in the
zoetrope" or "wheel of life." They consist in suspending the drum
or cylinder in which the pictures are contained, and in applying to.
the suspension rods, chains, or cords rotating apparatus, similar to that
of a roasting jack, consisting of a series of wheels driven by a spring
or other like apparatus calculated to impart an automatic rotatory
motion to the drum or cylinder. This drum or cylinder may be open
top and bottom if preferred, and may be arranged to receive two or
more rows of pictures, so as to make the apparatus and its illusions
visible from more than one level at a time, one view being gained on
looking upward and the other downward through rows of slits in the

page_text: drum or cylinder. Pictures may also be placed between the slits.
For the convenience of transit and packing we form the drum or
cylinder in a flat sheet curled or turned up on the edges intended to
meet, so that the curl upon one edge engaging in that upon the other
a wire passed through both curls couples them together and forms
the sheet into a cylinder.
For purposes of public exhibition, or when the apparatus is required
to be on a large scale, the pictures may be fixed upon canvass or
other flexible material; this may be attached to a hoop or hoops in
such manner as to form a cylinder, and each picture after having
been exhibited may be withdrawn from the inside and hung upon the
outside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER BOATS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
October 1868.-A communication from abroad by Frank Williams
Sargent and John Tyler, junior, both of Boston, Massachusetts, in
the United States of America.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the
County of Middlesex, and No. 87, St. Vincent Street, in the City of
Glasgow, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER BOATS," (a
communication to me from abroad by Frank Williams Sargent and
John Tyler, junior, both of Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States
of America,) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a means of strengthening a
paper boat in the parts most subjected to wear and strain without adding
proportionally to its weight, and the Invention consists in attaching to
the bottom and sides of such portions of the boat a series of longitudinal
strips or pieces of paper, or thin wood, or of prepared cloth of gradually
decreasing width or length and laid one over the other.

page_text: It also consists in the application of a similar series of strips or pieces
placed transversely across the bottom and sides of the inner surface of
the boat for the purpose of additionally strengthening the same under
and at the rower's seat.
The Invention further consists in enlarging the keelson at the portion
of the boat where the greatest strength is required.
The great object in the construction of paper boats is to dispense with
as much material as possible consistently with the strength required for
holding the parts together and in shape, the thickness of the hull in a
boat of thirty feet in length being not over five-thirty-seconds of an
inch. Great care is also required in stepping into the boat, it being
necessary that the foot should be placed almost directly in the centre of
the width of the boat to prevent it from upsetting, and this portion of
the boat together with that occupied by the rower's seat is subjected to
considerable wear and strain. The rowlocks or outriggers are supported
by diagonal metal braces attached to the sides and keelson of the boat.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ADVER-. TIBING AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Laurent Eugène Leroy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th December 1868..
I, LAURENT EUGÈNE LEROY, of No. 3, Rue de l'Arbre-Sec, and 37,
Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle, Paris, France, Gentleman, do hereby declaro..
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ADVER-.
TIBING AND APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
The distinctive character of my Invention consists in adapting a.
series of sheets of thick paper of optional size and number to receive
moveable advertisements on both front and back. Each sheet has on
its four sides, so as to form a margin, bands or fillets of the same thick
paper. These fillets, with the exception of that which forms. the margin
on one of the sides where an opening is to be left, are partly pasted on
the sheet to which they form a frame. Between these fillets is slid a
second sheet of thick paper diversely coloured and cut out so as to
produce openings of geometrical or fanciful design, such as lozenges or
squares, in which are placed the small moveable sheets bearing the
advertisements. The same operation takes place on the reverse of the

page_text: intermediate sheet so that it carries both front and back a sheet having
openings framing advertisements. The two sheets of paper cut out in
designs, and the intermediate sheet on which the moveable advertise-
ments are placed, are kept together by the fillets forming margin. These
fillets are as already stated partly pasted around three sides of the margins,
but on the fourth side where the opening is left they are not pasted but
held together by two screw-threaded studs, which permit the openwork
sheets and the advertisements to be removed and changed. Each sheet
thus prepared is attached to another by means of a linen band, in which
is a strip of paper arranged so as to form a joint, and permit the volume
or album uniting all the sheets to lie perfectly flat when open. To
sum up, this Invention consists in placing in juxtaposition to the
front and back of a sheet of thick paper, another sheet of stout paper
embellished with various ornaments and designs, and cut out in
geometrical or fanciful figures, under each of which openings is placed
a sheet bearing the advertisements. The cut out sheet on both faces
of the intermediate and uncut sheets and this latter are kept together
so as to form but a single and same sheet by means of strips of stout
paper pasted on three sides of the margin, and traversed on the fourth
side by two screws with studs screwing on both faces of the sheet, so
that to introduce the eut out sheet and the advertisements and place
them in juxtaposition on the intermediate sheet it is only necessary
to unscrew these two studs. Each sheet thus prepared is fastened to
another similar sheet so as to form a twin sheet by the aid of a double
band of linen, in which is a strip of stout paper arranged so as to form
a joint and permit the volume when open to remain perfectly flat.
Each twin sheet is then sewn by the linen band to the back of the cover
of the volume or album.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNITURE CASTORS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Monroe Stanton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd April 1868.
I, JAMES MONROE STANTON, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the
United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNITURE CASTORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is intended to afford increased facility in moving
furniture in any direction and at the same time to bring the rolling
surface of the castor in a direct line beneath the leg or other point of
support of the piece of furniture to which the castor is to be attached.
I use a socket or plate of the ordinary form to attach the castor to
the leg or other part of the piece of furniture to be supported, and I
make this socket or plate of brass, malleable cast iron, or other suitable
material. To the lower end or side of this socket or plate I connect an
inverted hemispherical cup (forming the said cup, by preference, of
one piece with the socket or plate) the said cup forming either a perfect
hemisperical cup or being perforated or skeleton shaped. The lower
edge or circumference of this cup is provided with three or more claws

page_text: projecting downwards, and I place, a ball or sphere of glass, porcelain,
earthenware, metal, or other suitable material in the cup and then
bend the claws inwards so that they embrace the ball immediately
below its diameter or largest circumference and thus prevent the ball
from falling out of the cup. The highest part of the ball bears against
a steel plate or pin "let into the apex of the cup or a small ball or
friction wheel may be inserted at this point. For castors of large
diameter also small balls or friction wheels may be let into the inner
side of the cup near the diameter or largest circumference thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN 'TEMPLES' EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Elce at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1868.
I, JOHN ELOE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN 'TEMPLES'
EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to self-acting "temples" employed in looms
for weaving, and is designed for the purpose of regulating and keeping
the traverse tension of the cloth across the selvedges uniform and of
an even width during the process of weaving.
According to the first arrangement of my Invention one or more small
rollers are employed which may be grooved longitudinally, the spaces
in relief between the grooves being cut into a series of diagonal
teeth, or the rollers may be of the ordinary kind; these rollers are
supported and enclosed in a box similar in construction to the ordinary
temple box now employed, minus the bracket, the base or under
surface being provided with a stud that is inserted and supported in a
bracket (secured to the temple rod) upon which it is enabled to swivel
for the purpose of adjustment, which is effected by a set screw working

page_text: in a projection or ear of the said fixed bracket, which when screwed
against the edge of the temple box outside the selvedge cause the said
box and temple rollers to deflect obliquely from a straight or parallel
line with the "reed; " thus by this or a similar method of adjustment
temples in looms can readily be adjusted to a portion relative to the
"reed" that will regulate with the greatest accuracy the traversing
stretch or distension of the cloth during manufacture.
According to the second arrangement the form or construction of
temple consists of a roller provided with longitudinal grooves in which
sliding bars are placed, the ends of which are caused to bed or rest
against inclined surfaces formed upon the inside ends of the temple box;
these inclined surfaces when the roller is revolving govern the move-
ment of the sliding bars as the cloth passes over them in such a
manner that as they are brought to the surface and into contact with
the cloth they are gradually and regularly forced outwards so as
constantly to gather and distend the cloth, thereby maintaining it at
its full uniform width and preventing any contraction thereof, whilst
the forward motion of the cloth on to the beam is not impeded.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Meldrum at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1868.
I, ROBERT MELDRUM, of Pittormie, Cupar, in the County of Fife,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the application of steam for raising
water by means of self-acting apparatus of a simple kind, and which
is inexpensive both in first cost and in maintenance.
The improved apparatus comprises a cylinder placed vertically and
having a piston working inside of it. Valved inlets and outlets for
the water, like those of a common double-acting pump, are arranged
in connection with the space below the piston, whilst the steam from
a boiler has access at intervals to the space above the piston by a valve
worked by the piston rod. The steam valve is a simple sliding plate
arranged in one side of a tube fixed to the top of the cylinder and in
which the piston rod works, and a snug on the rod closes the valve
when the piston reaches the bottom of its stroke and opens it again

page_text: on the piston reaching the top of its stroke. When the piston reaches
the bottom of its stroke it uncovers a number of openings in the side
of the cylinder by which water from below the piston enters into the
space above it, and the steam valve being then shut the steam above
the piston is immediately condensed and a vacuum formed. The
atmospheric pressure then causes the water to rise up the suction or
inlet pipe and to enter under and carry up the piston. On the piston
reaching the top of its stroke the steam valve is opened, and the steam
entering causes the piston to descend and to discharge the water below
it, and it will also force the water up an ascension pipe, provided for
the purpose, to a height depending on its pressure. The water that gets
above the piston, together with that due to the condensation of the
steam, passes down through a tubular extension of the piston rod.
This tubular rod has a valve at the bottom opening downwards, and
it works as a plunger in a pipe or barrel, and acts as a feed pump for
supplying water to the boiler with which the requisite connections are
formed. The piston rod is by preference continued out through a
stuffing box in the upper end of the apparatus, and is connected to
a crank shaft and fly wheel in order to render the motion steady and
regular.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF WOVEN FABRICS FOR IMPROVING THE APPEARANCE THEREOF
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th January 1868.-A communication from abroad by Eugéne
Paraf Javal and Mathias Paraf Javal, both of Paris, in the
Empire of France.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF WOVEN FABRICS FOR IMPROVING THE APPEARANCE THEREOF," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to impart to woven fabrics of an
inferior quality and of a coarse and irregular texture the appearance
of fabrics of a superior quality, of a regular and fine texture capable of
being employed with advantage, more particularly as linings for clothes,
licad dresses, drapery, furniture, and as linings or coverings for
bookbinding, and for other purposes.
The Invention consists in disguising the defects of the original threads
composing the fabric, as also the irregularity of the weaving, by first
printing upon the fabric a small and irregular pattern, such as

page_text: 'granite" in any desired colours, or by printing upon it successively
a series of such small irregular patterns one upon the other, or a series
of small regular patterns one upon the other, and so as to intersect
each other, and then producing upon the fabric by pressure a
"watered," or "moiréd," or glazed surface, or a "grained,"
"goffered," or corrugated surface, or a combination of theso appearances,
either by passing the same between engraved or other rollers, or by any
of the well known processes by which these appearances are produced.
-
The fabric may be subjected to this combined process either on one
side only or on both sides according to the purpose for which it is to be
employed, and it may or may not be previously bleached or dyed.
In printing upon the fabrics with metallic colours, such as tin powder
or bronze powder, either alone or in combination with other colours,
also by printing with flock, leather, or cork powder, or other similar
powders, the appearance of the fabric may be greatly varied. In
printing in colours also the fabric may be previously moistened, so as
to cause the colours to penetrate and to spread more or less, so as to
vary the appearance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS PUDDLING IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Francis Griffiths and
Ambrose Beard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 16th March 1868.
We, HENRY FRANCIS GRIFFITHS, of Wolverhampton, in the County
of Stafford, Mechanical Engineer, and AMBROSE BEARD, the younger,
of Wolverhampton, aforesaid, Manager of Works, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
PUDDLING IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
FOR
Our Invention consists of the arrangements of apparatus herein-
after described for puddling iron and steel, by the use of which said
apparatus manual labour in puddling is rendered wholly or in great part
unnecessary.
A chamber or vessel in which the molten iron or steel
to be puddled is put is fixed to a bracket supported on a shaft, on
which said shaft the said bracket is capable of turning. A connecting
rod jointed to the puddling chamber or vessel is geared to a crank
and a rotatory motion being given to the axis of the said crank, a
reciprocating motion is communicated to the said connecting rod, and
the puddling chamber or vessel is made to perform an oscillation
motion about the shaft by which it is supported. The molten

page_text: or steel in the puddling chamber or vessel is by this oscillating
motion thrown or dashed about, and thereby exposed to the air in
the chamber or vessel in a manner similar to that of the manual process
of puddling. The said puddling chamber or vessel is of sufficient size
to contain iron or steel enough for several balls or blooms, and is
divided by a series of vertical parallel divisions into a series of com-
partments equal to the number of balls to be made at one heat, the
said divisions being in planes parallel to the plane of the motion of
the furnace. By means of the said divisions the iron or steel is
preserved in separate portions each sufficient for one ball or bloom.
One or more streams or jets of air are introduced into the oscillating
chamber by means of flexible piping or by a jointed pipe passing
through the shaft on which the chamber turns. The oscillating
chamber or vessel may either be situated above or below the shaft
by which it is supported and upon which it oscillates. Instead of
giving the puddling chamber or vessel an oscillating motion in a
vertical plane, the said chamber or vessel may be made to turn in
a horizontal plane. In this case the said chamber or vessel is of a
circular figure, and is supported upon a vertical shaft, an oscillating
motion about the said shaft being given in the manner herein-before
described. The said vessel has suitable divisions for keeping the molten
iron or steel in separate portions, and the shaft about which it oscillates
may be made hollow for the purpose of introducing the required air
into the chamber or vessel. In all cases the chamber or vessel is
provided with openings for the introduction and removal of the iron
or steel.
By the use of our Invention the puddling process may be conducted
wholly or nearly without manual labour.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF IODINE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd June 1868. A communication from abroad by Jules Toché,
Chemist, of Nantes, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PRODUCTION OF IODINE," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the separation of iodine from the mother
liquors obtained in and resulting from the treatment of kelp or seaweed,
and consists in the employment of bromine in substitution for chlorine
now generally employed for the separation of the iodine contained in
such mother liquors or in other solutions. For this purpose a large
proportion of the salts of soda, potash, and other salts which may be
contained in the mother liquors or solutions are first precipitated, and
these latter are then concentrated and the sulphur separated therefrom
by any known means. A sufficient quantity of bromine is then added,
either in the gaseous or the liquid form, to effect the precipitation of the
iodine contained in the mother liquor, and the iodine after being allowed

page_text: to subside is then collected either by filtration or decantation. The
filtered or decantered solution, which will contain in addition to any
bromine salts which may have previously existed in the mother liquors.
or solutions the additional quantity of bromine which has been added
to effect the precipitation of the iodine is collected, and the bromine
separated therefrom by any of the well known methods. The bromine
thus obtained may be again employed for effecting the precipitation of
iodine contained in other quantities of mother liquor or solutions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Martin Rowan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th January 1868.-A communication from abroad by Josef Ritter
Von Stummer-Traunfels, residing at Vienna, in Austria.
I, JOHN MARTIN ROWAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL,"
(communicated to me from abroad by Josef Ritter Von Stummer-
Traunfels, residing at Vienna, in Austria,) to be as follows, that is
to say-
This Invention relates to the utilisation of small coal or coal dust
and other materials in the manufacture of artificial fuel; and the
improvements in which it consists are chiefly carried out by employing
more suitable and efficient cementing compounds than have been
hitherto used for binding together and properly agglomerating the
loose particles in order to form blocks. The cementing compounds
consist of any farinaceous, amylaceous, or glutinous vegetable matters,
such as plants or parts of plants containing such matters, or the
more or less manufactured products of such plants, and particularly

page_text: waste or damaged materials unsuitable for food, or for use otherwise,
combined with any woody or other fibrous vegetable materials that
can be conveniently obtained at a low cost.
The farinaceous, amylaceous, or glutinous matters are mixed with
water to a suitable consistency, and to this are added the fibrous
materials in the form, for example, of sawdust, dried leaves, hay or
straw chopped small, or the like. The mixture is boiled to form a
cement, and this cement is thoroughly mixed by any suitable known
machinery with the coal dust or other pulverised or reduced car-
bonaceous or bituminous materials. The compound is compressed and
moulded into blocks by apparatus such as is used in brick making,
and is then dried, which completes the manufacture.
The addition of the fibrous materials to the other cementing ingre-
dients imparts a certain porosity which is advantageous to the
combustion of the blocks, and the proportion of such fibrous materials
may be adjusted to produce a more quickly or more slowly burning fuel
as may be required.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SMOKING PIPES, WHICH INVENTION IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO CIGAR HOLDERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Freeman Roe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
June 1868.
I, FREEMAN ROE, of 22, Cambridge Terrace, Notting Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SMOKING PIPES, WHICH INVENTION IS ALSO APPLICABLE
TO CIGAR HOLDERS," to be as follows:-
I form my pipe of any material and of any shape with the usual bowl
and stem just under the hole of the stem were the stem connects
with bowl. I form a passage for the saliva to run down into a recess
a tube or chamber, which recess, tube, or chamber may be formed of
the substance of the pipe itself or by an external addition thereto from
the bottom of the bowl of the pipe. I make one or more orrifices to
allow the nickatine oil to pass into the recess, tube, &c.; into this
recess I place a plug of wood, ivory, or some other material covered
over with an absorbent of cotton wool, sponge, or some other material
which will absorb the oil and saliva.

page_text: The claim I make is not the shape of the pipe, nor the recess under
the pipe, nor the drain from the hole of stem to the recess for the
saliva, nor yet for the orrifices to allow the nickatine oil to pass, nor
for the plug and absorbent, but for the whole combined, or any portion
of them combined, as they are requisite to make a pipe or cigar holder
that can be easily cleaned and that will keep sweet and cool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING AND WRAPPING-UP NEEDLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Bartleet James at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th March 1868.
I, CHARLES BARTLEET JAMES, of Redditch, in the County of
Worcester, Needle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING AND WRAPPING-UP NEEDLES,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
"
This Invention has reference to the securing of needles within the
wrappers in such a manner as to ensure the attachment of each needle
independently to the wrapper without sticking them through the
wrapper or any other material. With this view I propose to sew each
needle separately upon its wrapper or upon any suitable material to be
subsequently enclosed within a wrapper, and this I effect by means of
a sewing machine adapted to take one needle within each stitch, or
more than one within each stitch if desired; the needles thus being
secured closely together with two parallel rows of stitching, or by any
ornamental device stitched upon the face of and between each needle,
they are firmly attached to the wrapper although readily removeable
by the hand, and the stitching presents a very ornamental appearance.

page_text: I
I propose to use any suitable material to stitch them upon, and when
paper is employed I should place either at the back of the paper or on
the front, but if on the front underneath the needles, some woven fabric
to support the paper and prevent its tearing out by reason of the
closeness of the stitching. The paper or other material upon which
the needles may be stitched may be enclosed within a second or outer
wrapper, to which it may be attached by gumming at the sides or at
the head and point ends of the needles, or it may be otherwise secured
by a tongue on one part and a slit on the other, when the whole may
be folded up in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hamilton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
August 1868.
I, JOHN HAMILTON, of Dordrecht, in the Kingdom of Holland, but at
present residing at 54, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements whereby artificial fuel
possessing very superior qualities may be manufactured. About twenty
hundredweight of the coal known as "duff" or other carbonaceous
material in a pulverised state, and from one to four hundredweight of
the residuums known as stearine pitch, palm oil pitch, or cotton seed oil
pitch, or other animal or vegetable residuums, are mixed with from one
to three hundredweight of chloride of sodium in the form of rock or
other salt. The mixture of these ingredients is effected in a pug mill or
other analogous apparatus by first placing the carbonaceous material and
the chloride of sodium therein, and then pouring the pitch or residuums
before mentioned or one of them in a heated state over the same.
order to facilitate cohesion between the ingredients so combined the
In

page_text: waste substances resulting from the manufacture of farina or the silicates
of soda or potash may be added thereto. The resulting compounds may
be formed into bricks or balls for use as may be desired. The above-
mentioned proportions of the ingredients employed are approximate only,
as they may be varied according to the bituminous or non-bituminous
nature of the carbonaceous materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TYRES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Jeavons at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
March 1868.
I, JOSHUA JEAVONS, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Iron Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TYRES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS," to be as
follows:-
I propose to make tyres fór railway and other wheels by using
bars composed of hard and soft metals welded together in the bar,
coiling them by any well-known process, but with the harder substance..
(which may be either hard crystaline iron, puddled or Bessemer, or:
any other steel) outside, to form the wearing portion of the tyre,
the softer portion (composed of fibrous or tough iron) being inside...
This coil is then welded, hammered, and rolled by any of the ordinary:
processes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William John Fraser, of 10, Commercial Road
East, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES."
Sealed the 19th June 1868, and dated the 1st January 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William John Fraser
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st January 1868.
I, WILLIAM JOHN FRASER, of 10, Commercial Road East, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in furnaces or fire-
places, and consists in the employment of rotating bars formed or
provided with threads or projectious arranged spirally, so that by the

page_text: slow rotation of the bars upon their axes the fuel in process of com-
bustion is carried gradually along the furnace or fire-place. The fuel
may be fed by means of hoppers, and I communicate motion to the
bars through suitable gearing, in connection with which a fan or fans
actuated by the draught of air may in some cases be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Joseph Chaudun and
Jean Jean Dexant at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th April 1868.
We, JULES JOSEPH CHAUDUN and JEAN JEAN DEXANT, of Rueil,
Village near Paris (France), Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing the cases of cartridges for
breech-loading fire-arms, whether with central-fire or with pin-fire, of
drawn copper or brass tubes formed without soldering or brazing, the rear:
end of which tubes are bent over, a wad or plug inserted into the tube,.
which, is then placed into a copper or brass base cap, after which the
wad or plug is condensed so as to secure the case in the cap; the
bottom of the case is then provided inside with a coating or lining
composed of sawdust, leather, or cork dust, lint, or other similar materials
mixed with glutinous substances such as glue, which lining, in adhering
to the sides of the case prevents any escape of gas at the breech. The
metal tube may if requisite be varnished. inside..

page_text: For central-fire cartridges a central hole is formed in the base cap,
and the base plug is pierced to receive the stalk of a T-shaped anvil,
after which a percussion cap carrying the fulminate is inserted into the
hole in the base cap, a disc of lead being placed in the percussion cap,
so as to cover the fulminate.
For pin-fire cartridges the fulminate is placed inside a small flattened
tube closed at the rear end and pinched together at the front end,
which is introduced into a slit formed in the base plug, and a pin with
a conical head is inserted into a hole formed in the side of the base
cap so as to come in contact with the side of the fulminate tube.
The before described improved construction of cartridge cases may be
employed over and over again without becoming deteriorated.
A NEW VEGETABLE MEDICINAL COMPOUND TO BE USED AS A REMEDY FOR THE CURE OF SCALDS, BURNS, OPEN WOUNDS, SWELLINGS, STIFF JOINTS, RHEUMATICS, THE GOUT, AND OTHER COM- PLAINTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Zumpf D'Aschan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th April 1868.
I, MICHAEL ZUMPF D'ASCHAN, of No. 8, Wensley Street, Oxford
Street, in the County of Middlesex, Analytical Chymist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW VEGETABLE MEDICINAL
COMPOUND TO BE USED AS A REMEDY FOR THE CURE OF SCALDS, BURNS, OPEN
WOUNDS, SWELLINGS, STIFF JOINTS, RHEUMATICS, THE GOUT, AND OTHER COM-
PLAINTS," to be as follows:
In this compound the following ingredients are used and in or about
these proportion:-Take of dried juniper berries [juniperus communis]
or of dried elderberries [sambucus], three ounces; bran from wheat
[triticum], one pound; bran from barley [hordeum], one pound; bran
from oats [avena sativa], one pound; roast it in a roaster to a certain
degree, then pour distilled boiling water upon it; the quantity must be

page_text: calculated according to the strength required; let it thereupon macerate
from 12 to 24 hours then be filtered for use.
This medicine can be taken internally, applied externally, or be used
in the form of baths according to circumstances. The very nature of
the ingredients shows its obvious innocuousness.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MULTITUBULAR BOILERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Standen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
August 1868.
I, JAMES STANDEN, of Blackman Street, Borough, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MULTITUBULAR BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to counterbalance the pressure on the
tube plates of multitubular boilers and thereby to prevent the loosening
of the joints of the tubes therein by the expansion and contraction
thereof which now takes place in vertical multitubular boilers as at
present constructed. I propose to effect this by the following means,
that is to say, I form the centre part of the top of the boiler (supposing
it to be an upright boiler) with a head or dome of a cylindrical shape
projecting through and above the other and surrounding part of the
top of the boiler which is flat and fixed to the sides thereof, whereas
the aforesaid dome is not fixed to the flat top but passes through a large
hole or opening formed therein and so formed as to receive packing
which surrounds and encircles the dome and allows it to have free
play through the fixed top as expansion and contraction goes on.
And

page_text: I would here remark that it is important to the proper working of this
Invention that the area of the dome is not less than the combined
areas of the several tubes of the boiler, and it is this, in combination
with the movable dome, which constitutes the compensating principle
of action in this Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOODEN BOXES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lehcup at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May
1868.
I, EDWARD LEHEUP, of No. 1, Octagon Place, Upper Summerford
Street, Bethnal Green, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF WOODEN BOXES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to secure together in a firmer and
more durable manner than heretofore the parts of wooden boxes that
are subject to heavy wear, or moisture, or both, such as fish boxes,
bullion boxes, and similar receptacles. For this purpose in one
arrangement in lieu of the ordinary metal screws or nails, which are
found to draw out of or through the wood when subjected to heavy
wear and moisture, I use wooden screws for securing the parts of the
box together. Or I use a metal pin or bolt having at one end a head of
any suitable shape and at the other end an eye or hole, so that when
the pin or bolt is driven into its position, imbedded in the wood, a short
pin is passed through the wood and through the eye of the pin or bolt,
which is thus prevented from being drawn out. Or I employ a pin or

page_text: bolt with a T-shaped head for securing the bottom of the box to the
sides thereof. The shank of this T-shaped pin or bolt is passed between
the pieces of wood which form the bottom of the box and through the
side thereof, and is then clenched or rivetted, while the T head is made
to hold the two parts of the bottom. Or in lieu of a T shape, an L-
shaped or a straight pin or bolt may be passed through the bottom
and sides of the box and clenched or rivetted at one or both ends.
With these two latter modes of fastening I sometimes use a separate
plate of metal between the wood and the head of the fastening, and
these pins or bolts may be passed through the bottom, sides, and top of
the box either in a vertical or diagonal direction. Or I sometimes use
a dowel, and when it is driven into its position in the wood I drive
a short pin through the box and through the dowel at one or both ends
of the same and thus prevent its drawing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STENCH TRAPS FOR SINKS AND DRAINS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Ainslie Common at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th June 1868.
I, ANDREW AINSLIE COMMON, of South Bank, Regent's Park, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STENCH TRAPS FOR SINKS AND
DRAINS," to be as follows:-
My improvements do not apply to the manufacture of what is
commonly known as the "bell trap" but to traps formed by a receiving
basin or bowl in the centre of the body, into which bowl dips a
piece supported on the upper rim of the said body. I propose to cast
the body outlet and dip of one piece, and to join the bowl to the body
in the casting of this latter. When using lead or an alloy of lead I
effect this casting with metal moulds for the outer surface and part
of the inner (moulding in the ordinary way for iron brass or other
metal), and a core for the inside, this core being of loam, sand, or
plaster, and containing the bowl previously cast in the usual way of
any suitable metal and to any desired form with arms for its support.
Where the arms of the bowl come to the outside of the core this

page_text: latter is cut away or countersunk so as to leave a boss of metal to
hold the arms firmly in their proper position against the body. The
core is supported at each end by the mould for the outside of body,
and on the completion of the casting the core is removed by any of
the ordinary means, leaving the bowl in the required position. I
purpose using lead or an alloy of lead for the body and brass for the
bowl, but any suitable metal may be used. The manufacture of
stench traps according to this Invention will be found very economical,
the traps will be very strong, and forming as it were but one piece
there will be no joints by which effluvia may escape, and they cannot
possibly be untrapped.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE CONTENTS OF BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bradley Shillcock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st December 1868.
I, JOSEPH BRADLEY SHILLCOCK, of Bromley, in the County of Kent,
Pharmaceutical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE CONTENTS OF BOTTLES, JARS,
AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
In carrying out this Invention I form the necks of bottles, jars, and
other similar vessels with projections at the sides, and fit thereto an
clastic band or binder of wire or other suitable material, which turns up
and down and passes over the cork or stopper when inserted in its place,
and in the stopper, cork, or cover I also form a groove or notch to keep
the band or binder in position.