Year: 1897

page_text: I, FRANCIS WILLIAM CROSSLEY, of Crossley Brothers, Limited, Openshaw,
Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates more particularly to internal combustion motors of con-
siderable size and has mainly for its object the construction of the breech or
closed end of the cylinder, so as to allow of greater freedom for unequal expansions
thus reducing strains which might otherwise be excessive. It comprises also an
arrangement by which the exhast valve is placed in a separate piece, which can
be changed at any time without much cost or disturbance of the rest of the
engine and having peculiar facilities for water cooling.
The improved construction as applied to a gas engine of the "Otto" type can
be suitably carried out in accordance with this invention in the following
manner:-
66
"
I construct the breech-end" in one main casting consisting of an outer shell
and an inner shell. The space between these two shells forms a portion of the
water jacket. The space inside the inner shell is the major portion of the
compression" space. The inner shell is attached to the outer shell by a branch
connection through which the charges of air and gas enter, by means of any
other desired connections, and by means of ribs suitably disposed. These connec-
tions and ribs are placed as close to the cylinder end as possible.
The outer end of the inner shell of the breech piece is coned or otherwise reduced
to a smaller facing to which the exhaust valve casing is bolted by means of bolts
which pass from the inner shell, close to the latter joint, to the outside of the
exhaust valve casing.
The exhaust valve casing is made with a water space which is placed in free
communication with the water space of the breech piece all round the joint of the
exhaust valve casing, the outer metal of the valve casing terminating at the
cylinder side in a circular part which fits sidewise in a bored hole in the internal
flange of the outer shell of the breech piece above mentioned, a water joint being
made here by means of a ring of indiarubber in a recess in the circular part or
other well known manner.
It will be seen that by means of this construction the exhaust valve casing can
be thoroughly water jacketted and that it and the outer end of the inner shell of
the breech piece are free to expand without straining the outer shell.
A similar arrangement is applicable to other types of gas engines. The above
kind of exhaust valve casing is not necessarily placed at the end of the cylinder
but may be attached at one side, and may also contain more valves than one.
Dated this Eighth day of February, 1897.

page_text: Improvements in Internal Combustion Motors.
We, EMILY CROSSLEY, WILLIAM JOHN CROSSLEY, RICHARD J. KERR, and JOHN
THOMSON, Executors to the will of the late deceased Francis William Crossley,
of Crossley Brothers, Limited, Openshaw, Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
This invention relates more particularly to internal combustion motors of con-
siderable size and has mainly for its object the construction of the breech or closed
end of the cylinder, so as to allow of greater freedom for unequal expansions
thus reducing strains which might otherwise be excessive. It comprises also an
arrangement by which the exhaust valve is placed in a separate piece, which can
be changed at any time without much cost or disturbance of the rest of the
engine and having peculiar facilities for water cooling.
To enable this invention to be clearly understood, an arrangement as applied
to a gas engine of the "Otto" type is shown in the accompanying drawings and
described in the following part of this Specification.
In the drawings, Figure 1 shows a sectional elevation of the end of an "Otto"
type gas engine cylinder, Figure 2 is an end view partly in section and Figure
is a sectional plan. The breech end of the cylinder mainly consists of an outer
shell A and an inner shell B, the space between these two shells forming a
portion of the water-jacket. The space C inside the inner shell is the major
portion of the "compression" space. The inner shell B is attached to the outer
shell A by a branch connection D through which the charges of air and gas enter,
by means of any other desired connections, and by means of ribs E suitably
disposed. These connections and ribs are placed as close to the cylinder end as
may be convenient.
The outer end of the inner shell B is coned or otherwise reduced to a smaller
facing F, to which the exhaust valve casing G is bolted by means of bolts H,
which pass from the inner shell B close to the latter joint F to the outside of the
exhaust valve casing G.
The exhaust valve casing G is made with a water space I, which is placed in
free communication with the water space of the breech piece all round the joint F
of the exhaust valve casing G, the outer metal of the valve casing G terminating
at the cylinder side in a circular path K, which fits sidewise in a bored hole in
the internal flange of the outer shell A of the breech piece, a water joint being
made there by means of a 'ring of indiarubber in a recess in the circular path K,
or by any other well known means.
It will be seen that by means of this construction the exhaust valve casing G
can be thoroughly water-jacketted and that it and the outer end of the inner shell
of the breech piece are free to expand without straining the outer shell A.
A similar arrangement is applicable to other types of gas engines. The above
kind of exhaust valve casing is not necessarily placed at the end of the cylinder,
but may be attached to one side and may also contain more valves than one.
1
It will be noted that in the drawings the circular joint F and the bored hole K
are all co-axial with the bore of the cylinder, being so placed' for convenience in
machining.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In an internal combustion motor so arranging and constructing the cylinder

page_text: end that the exhaust valve operates in a separate piece bolted or otherwise secured
to the main casting to which it fits at a suitable joint F, preferably circular, and
having a water-jacket space in free communication with the main water-jacket
space; the outer joint K, also preferably circular, being free to expand and contract
with the varying temperatures without straining the inner pressure joint For
the rest of the structure, substantially as described and illustrated.
2. The general arrangement and construction of the cylinder end of an internal
combustion motor as described and illustrated.
Dated this 8th day of November, 1897.