Improvements in Machinery and Appliances for the Manufacture of Tuyeres Made from Refractory Materials.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 21st Nov., 1889-Accepted, 21st Dec., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery and Appliances for the Manufacture of
Tuyeres Made from Refractory Materials.
I, WILLIAM WEBSTER of Brick Row, Deepcar, near Sheffield, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for, "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TUYERES MADE FROM
REFRACTORY MATERIALS," to be as follows :-
The tuyeres to which my Invention more particularly refer are such as are used
for conveying the blast to the bottoms of Bessemer Converting vessels and the like.
They vary somewhat in form and size according to the size of the vessel with which
they are used and to other circumstances. As generally manufactured they are
moulded from refractory material in a plastic state, in suitably formed moulds and
are afterwards pierced with the necessary number of holes.
The object of my Invention is to produce one or more tuyeres either by hand or
power driven machinery in such a manner that the perforations or holes in such
tuyere or tuyeres are formed during the operation of moulding, so that when a tuyere
so made is ejected from the mould and cut off to the desired length, it is complete
and ready for drying and baking.
I effect this object by constructing the moulds in which the tuyeres are formed
so that they may be used vertically in combination with a charging press, by means
of which the plastic material is forced first into the moulds and by the action of the
press the moulded tuyeres are likewise ejected from the moulds.
In combination with the press and moulds herein described, I also employ a
movable table, which like the press, may be actuated vertically by either manual,
steam, hydraulic or other motive power. This table serves to close the lower ends
of the moulds whilst the plastic material is being forced into them, and when the
tuveres are ejected from the mould the table is lowered as it receives the tuyeres,
the distance being regulated by the length of tuyere. The motion of the ram in the
charging press as well as the motion of the table may be varied and controlled by
the attendant in charge of the machine as required.
I
For the convenience of attaching the mould or moulds to the charging press,
cast them either singly or in groups to a plate which forms the bottom of the press,
such plate being attached to a flange by means of bolts or their equivalents. In
some cases the bottom plate with its mould or moulds may be fitted so as to drop
into the inside of the press, which for convenience would be made cylindrical in form
and provided with an inner rim or flange for the bottom plate to rest upon.
To the inner or press side of each mould is fitted a cross bar so as to stand a
little distance from the face of the mould, the cross bar is provided with a boss to
which are secured the core rods which form the holes in the tuyere; the core rods
being made of sufficient length to extend through the entire length of the mould
and to project a short distance beyond.
The table previously referred to is provided with dies corresponding to the number
of moulds employed, these dies are perforated with holes or recesses corresponding
in position number and size with the core rods in each mould so that when the table
is raised to close the ends of the mould, the projecting ends of the core rods drop
into the holes or recesses in the dies, and are thereby secured in position, whilst the
plastic material is being forced by the press into the mould or moulds. It will thus
be seen, that by such an arrangement and combination of appliances as herein
described, one or more tuyeres, may be moulded with the holes or perforations at one
operation; whilst the tuyere or tuyeres so moulded are ejected by the subsequent

page_text: stroke or strokes of the press, which likewise refill the moulds for the succeeding
tuyere or buyeres. In this way a variety of form or size of tuyere may be produced
by simply changing the bottom plate of the press with its mould or moulds and by
changing the dies or plate of the table to correspond with the position and number
of moulds with their respective core rods. In like manner the crosshead which
carries the core rods being made movable, may be removed and exchanged either
for needful repairs or for varying the number of cores.
In order that the tuyeres thus moulded may be all cut off to uniform length, the
mould is made slightly smaller in the internal diameter at the place where the
tuyere should be cut off, the operation of cutting being performed by hand or
automatically as may be required.
The holes or recesses forined for the reception of the ends of the core rods in the
dies or in the table previously referred to will be made to pass through the dies or the
table so that the air may escape as the material is forced into the mould and if
necessary the moulds themselves may be perforated for the escape of air. The ends
of the core rods which project beyond the end of the mould may be grooved so as
to facilitate the passage of the air through the holes into which they fit.
Dated this 19th day of February 1889.
R. HEBER RADFORD,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery and Appliances for the Manufacture of
Tuyeres Made from Refractory Materials.
I, WILLIAM WEBSTER of Brick Row, Deepcar, near Sheffield, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for, "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TUYERES MADE FROM
REFRACTORY MATERIALS," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:--
The tuyeres to which my Invention more particularly refer, are such as are used
for conveying the blast to the bottoms of Bessemer Converting vessels and the like.
They vary somewhat in form and size according to the size of the vessel with which
they are used and to other circumstances. As generally manufactured they are
moulded from refractory material in a plastic state in suitably formed moulds and
are afterwards pierced with the necessary number of holes.
The object of my Invention is to produce one or more tuyeres either by hand or
power driven machinery in such a manner that the perforations or holes in such
tuyere or tuyeres are formed during the operation of moulding, so that when a
tuyere so made is ejected from the mould and cut off to the desired length, it is
complete and ready for drying and baking.
I effect this object by constructing the moulds in which the tuyeres are formed
so that they may be used vertically in combination with a charging press, by means
of which the plastic material is forced first into the moulds and by the action of the
press the moulded tuyeres are likewise ejected from the moulds.
In combination with the press and moulds herein described, I also employ a
movable table, which like the press, may be actuated vertically by either manual,
steam, hydraulic or other motive power. This table serves to close the lower ends of
the moulds whilst the plastic material is being forced into them, and when the tuyeres
are ejected from the mould the table is lowered as it receives the tuyeres, the distance
being regulated by the length of tuyere. The motion of the ram in the charging
press as well as the motion of the table may be varied and controlled by the attendant
in charge of the machine as required.
For the convenience of attaching the mould or moulds to the charging press, I
cast them either singly or in groups to a plate which forms the bottom of the press, such

page_text: plate being attached to a flange by means of bolts or their equivalents. In some
cases the bottom plate with its mould or moulds may be fitted so as to drop into the
inside of the press, which for convenience would be made cylindrical in form and
provided with an inner rim or flange for the bottom plate to rest upon.
To the inner or press side of each mould is fitted à cross bar so as to stand a little
distance from the face of the mould, the cross bar is provided with a boss or bosses
to which are secured the core rods which form the holes in the tuyere ; the core rods
being made of sufficient length to extend through the entire length of the mould
and to project a short distance beyond.
The table previously, referred to is provided with dies corresponding to the number
of moulds employed, these dies are perforated with. holes or recesses corresponding
in position, number and size with the core rods in each mould so that when the
table is raised to close the ends of the mould, the projecting ends of the core rods
drop into the holes or recesses in the dies, and are thereby secured in position,
whilst the plastic material is being forced by the press into the mould or moulds.
It will thus be seen, that by such an arrangement and combination of appliances as
herein described, one or more tuyeres, may be moulded with the holes or perforations
at one operation; whilst the tuyere or tuyeres so moulded are ejected by the
subsequent stroke or strokes of the press, which likewise refill the moulds for the
succeeding tuyere or tuyeres. In this way a variety of form or size of tuyere may
be produced by simply changing the bottom plate of the press with its mould or
moulds and by changing the dies or plate of the table to correspond with the position
and number of moulds with their respective core rods. In like manner the crosshead
which carries the core rods being made movable, may be removed and exchanged
either for needful repairs or for varying the number of cores.
In order that the tuyeres thus moulded may be all cut off to uniform length, the
mould is made slightly smaller in the internal diameter at the place where the
tuyere should be cut off the operation of cutting being performed by hand or
automatically as may be required.
The holes or recesses formed for the reception of the ends of the core rods in the
dies or in the table previously referred to will be made to pass through the dies or
the table so that the air may escape as the material is forced into the mould and if
necessary the moulds themselves may be perforated for the escape of air. The ends
of the core rods which project beyond the end of the mould may be grooved so as
to facilitate the passage of the air through the holes into which they fit.
As a modification of the foregoing method of forming the holes in the tuyeres, in
cases where such holes are required to be tapered from the large end, to the small
end of the tuyere, i.e., where the largest end of the hole or holes is at the largest
end of the tuyere. I fix the core rods to the die plate or plates in the table instead
of in the cylinder or 1 employ in lieu of the core rods on the table as previously
described a die plate or plates containing a group of metallic tunes which may be of
steel or other metal hardened or otherwise, their number length and bore corre-
sponding to the requirements of the tuyere or tuyeres to be dealt with. These tubes
I make parallel on their insides to admit the core rods also previously referred to,
I also taper them on their outsides to suit the taper required in the holes of the
tuyeres. When fixed to the table by means of the die plate or otherwise the core
rods or tubes as the case may be, are forced up into the mould by the raising of
the table and in the case of the tubes are guided in their course upwards by the
core rods, the ends of which are first entered into the tubes; the tubes and rods thus
acting as a guide to each other.
When the table is lowered the tuyere descends with the tubes or the core rods
inside it when the tuyere can be lifted off the tubes or core rods as the case may be
or in some cases the tubes or core rods can be made to draw down below the table
leaving the tuyere free. In cases where the tuyeres are lifted off the tubes or core
rods without removing the table from under the press, provision is made for further
lowering the table in order that sufficient height may be given to lift the tuyere clear
of the tubes or core rods as the case may be.

page_text: The nature of my Invention will be better understood on reference to the accom-
panying sheet of drawings in which,
Fig. 1, is an elevation partly in section of a Steam or Hydraulic Press with my
improved apparatus and appliances attached thereto.
Fig. 2, shews the position of the table when lowered with the tuyeres free from
the moulds.
(For want of space in the two last named figures the ram of the table is only
partly shewn and in Fig. 2, the lower portions only of the tuyeres are shewn.)
Figs. 3 and 4 are a plan and full elevation of a tuyere.
Fig. 5, is a plan of the press cylinder through the line A. B. shewing the position
of the cross bar which carries the core rods.
Fig. 6, is a plan of the table shewing the position of the die plates.
The same letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
a, is a tuyere or tuyeres.
b, is a mould or moulds.
C,
is the charging press.
d, is the piston or ram of the same.
e, a steam or hydraulic cylinder which actuates the ram.
f, is the movable table.
9,
is the ram of the same.
, is a plate at the bottom of the press carrying the mould or moulds.
i, is the cross bar.
j, is the boss or bosses for holding the core rods.
k, k, are the core rods.
1,1, are the pillars supporting the cross bar.
m, m are loose steel washers or die plates fitted into the bottom of the press which
can be taken out and renewed when they are worn by the action of the plastic
material when passing to the moulds.
n, n, are the perforated die plates for holding the ends of the core rods or tubes.
o, is the recess formed on the tuyere to indicate the position at which it shall be
cut off from the mould.
p, represents the plastic material inside the press.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;
1st. In machinery and appliances for the manufacture of tuyeres made from
refractory material in a plastic state, the arrangement and combination of parts and
appliances by means of which such tuyeres may be produced either by hand or
power so that the perforations or holes are formed therein during the operation of
moulding, and when a tuyere so made is ejected from the mould, and cut off to the
required length and lifted off the table, it is complete and ready for drying and
baking, substantially as and for the purposes herein described and illustrated on the
accompanying sheet of drawings.
Dated this 20th day of November 1889.
D IIRDED DADRODD
RADFORD,
WIEDED
R. HE
Agent for the Applicant.