A NEW KIND OF YARN, BEING A COMBINATION OF REFUSE AND WASTE MATTERS OF FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND THE SAID FIBROUS MATERIALS AND THE CLOTH WOVEN THEREFROM
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Eastwood and Thomas Charles Eastwood,
both of Marshall Mill, Manchester Road, Bradford, in the County of
York, Machine Wool Combers, for the Invention of "A NEW KIND OF
YARN, BEING A COMBINATION OF REFUSE AND WASTE MATTERS OF FIBROUS
MATERIALS, AND THE SAID FIBROUS MATERIALS AND THE CLOTH WOVEN
THEREFROM."
Sealed the 7th February 1862, and dated the 8th August 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Eastwood and
Thomas Charles Eastwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,.
with their Petition, on the 8th August 1861.
We, JOHN EASTWOOD and THOMAS CHARLES EASTWOOD, both of Marshall
Mill, Manchester Road, Bradford, in the County of York, Machine Wool
Combers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
KIND OF YARN, BEING A COMBINATION OF REFUSE AND WASTE MATTERS OP
FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND THE SAID FIBROUS MATERIALS AND THE CLOTH WOVEN
THEREFROM," to be as follows:--
Our Invention consists in the mixing of alpaca, mohair, English and
foreign wools, fibrous substances called mungo, shoddy, or extract East Indian
fibre, known under the name of "rhea," China grass, pine apple fibre, cotton,
and other vegetable fibres, as well as the noils, shorts, spinning waste, and
refuse of the above-named materials, with knotted or lumped silk noils, silk

page_text: and the refuse thereof in various colors, and in spinning the same on ordinary
frames used in the worsted, woollen, silk, cotton, or flax manufacture, into
knotted or lumped yarns so as to form a new kind of yarn, named by us
gorilla yarn," the peculiar nature of which yarn consists in its regularly
rough and knotty or lumpy appearance, which knots or lumps being of silk,
are of various colors, and distinctly and firmly fixed and worked into the yarn, so
that by the subsequent manipulations the yarn has to undergo these knots or
lumps will not fall out, or in any way leave the yarn, as is the case with other
kinds of yarns, and which knots or lumps being of silk of various colors, will
form designs in the cloth woven from such yarn, without dyeing and printing
the same.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Eastwood and Thomas Charles Eastwood in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 8th February 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
EASTWOOD and THOMAS CHARLES EASTWOOD, both of Marshall Mill, Man-
chester Road, Bradford, in the County of York, Machine Wool Combers,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Eastwood and Thomas Charles Eastwood, Her special licence that
we, the said John Eastwood. and Thomas Charles Eastwood, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Eastwood
and Thomas Charles Eastwood, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A
NEW KIND OF YARN, BEING A COMBINATION OF REFUSE AND WASTE MATTERS
OF FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND THE SAID FIBROUS MATERIALS AND THE CLOTH
WOVEN THEREFROM," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
John Eastwood and Thomas Charles Eastwood, our executors or adminis
trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent- Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Eastwood and Thomas' Charles
Eastwood, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, that is to say :--
Our Invention consists in the mixing of alpaca, mohair, English and
foreign wools, fibrous substances called mungo, shoddy, or extract East India
fibre, known under the name of "rhea," China grass, pine apple fibre, cotton,
and other vegetable fibres, as well as the noils, shorts, spinning waste and refusé
of the above-named materials with knotted or lumped silk noils, silk, and the
refuse thereof in various colors, and in spinning the same on ordinary frames,
used in the worsted, woollen, silk, cotton, or flax manufacture into knotted or
lumped yarns, so as to form a new kind of yarn, named by us "gorilla
yarn," the peculiar nature of which yarn consists in its regularly rough and
knotty or lumpy appearance, which knots or lumps being of silk, are of various
colors, and distinctly and firmly fixed and worked into the yarn, so that by the
subsequent manipulations the yarn has to undergo, these knots or lumps will
not fall out, or in any way leave the yarn, as is the case with other kinds of
yarns, and which knots or lumps' being of silk of various colors will form
designs in the cloth woven from such yarn, without dyeing and printing the
same.
And in order to explain our said Invention as completely as possible, we
now proceed to describe the best means we are acquainted with for carrying
the same into practical effect, as follows:-
. To manufacture yarn according to our said Invention, we take knotted or
lumped silk noils, such as the waste products or refuse silk from silk-combing
machines known as Heilmann's machines, or any machine which forms the
short or waste filaments of silk into knots or lumps. These silk knots or lumps
we take and mix with fibrous materials, such as alpaca, mohair, silk, English
and foreign wools, mungo, shoddy, or extract East India fibre, known as
"rhea," China grass, pine apple fibre, cotton, and other vegetable fibres,
likewise the noils, shorts, spinning waste and refuse of said fibrous materials,
in various colors and shades, and if we desire to manufacture a cheap yarn
and cloth, we then subject the aforesaid fibrous materials, mixed with knotted
or lumped silk or noils, to the operation of carding, and afterwards spin the
mixed material into a yarn on frames, such as are commonly used in and
for the manufacture of worsted, woollen, silk, cotton, or flax, thus forming a

page_text: yarn having a rough and knotty or lumpy appearance produced by the silk
noils or knotted silk aforesaid, the said knots of silk being firmly fixed
and worked into the yarn during the mixing thereof with the other fibrous
material, so that by the subsequent manipulations the yarn has to undergo,
the said knots or lumps of silk will not fall out, or leave the yarn.
In manufacturing a better description of yarn and cloth, we employ fibrous
materials that have been combed and mix the silk noils or knotted or lumped
silk therewith, then card the mixed materials and spin them into yarn as
before stated. Yarns thus manufactured may be used either as the warp or
the weft of the fabric, or as both, in weaving the same in a loom, the result
being the production of a cloth or fabric entirely new in appearance and style,
and adapted for summer goods as well as winter goods, and of unlimited
varieties of designs. We would here observe that yarn manufactured as
above described, possesses in some cases advantages over other mixed yarns
now used in the manufacture of a similar class of goods, for example, we are
enabled without materially altering the good appearance of the fabric to use
other qualities of wool, such as "South downs" or lustreless wools where
formerly "lustre" wools only could be employed.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of our said
Invention of "A New Kind of Yarn, being a Combination of Refuse and
Waste Matters of Fibrous Materials, and the said Fibrous Materials and
the Cloth Woven therefrom," together with the best means we are acquainted
with for carrying the same into practical effect, we would remark in conclusion,
that we hereby declare our Invention to consist in, and that we claim as of our
Invention, mixing knotted or lumped silk noils or knots or lumps of silk of
various colors, with fibrous substances, and spinning the same into a yarn
having knots or lumps of silk fixed therein, and weaving said yarn into a cloth
or fabric.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Charles Eastwood, one of the
parties hereto, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day
of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-two.
THOMAS CHARLES EASTWOOD. (L.S.)