Improvements in Petroleum or similar Motors.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left. 28th July, 1890-Accepted, 6th Sept., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Petroleum or similar Motors.
A communication from MARKUS MORITZ ROTTEN, of Schiffbauerdamm 29A, Berlin, in
the Empire of Germany.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
M.I.M.E., do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
The present invention relates to a motor to be driven by heavy hydrocarburets or
heavy carburets of hydrogen in such a manner that the working of it should be simple
and at the same time perfectly safe.
In the accompanying drawings the motor is represented in Figure 1 in its completed
arrangement, whilst Figures 2, 3 and 4 show the special construction of the gas
producer and modifications; Figs. 5, 6, 7 show a form of construction for carrying out
this gas producer in a longitudinal and a transverse section and a front elevation; Fig. 8
shows this gas producer with several chambers which are to be eventually separated
from one another and Figs. 9 and 10 are sectional views of the distribution pump.
As appears from the completed arrangement represented in Figure 1 of the motor,
the piston K which moves in the cylinder M provided when necessary with a cool
jacket, is driven by the explosion of a mixture of air and gasified hydrocarburet which
is formed in the gas producer R Q the distributing pump S determining the quantity
of hydrocarburet which is to be supplie. by every stroke from the reservoir B.
When setting up the new motor the gas producer is the most important detail of its
construction because the production of hydrocarburet for the purpose of driving
motors offers in practice considerably greater difficulties than does that of light hydro-
carbons i.e. benzine, naphtha, and crude petroleum. In order to apply this petroleum
(which Iris been deprived of its readily volatile constituents and has a specific gravity
of about 0.82-0-83 which can be employed for driving motors) the compression and
gas-producing chamber for the motor must be kept at a considerably higher
temperature than is the case with the known machines of this kind which are fed with
light petroleum. Moreover the compression and gas-producing chamber of petroleum
motors consists in a direct elongation of the working cylinder whereby this elongation
is either cooled or not from outside. The working cylinder however is itself always
provided with a cool casing.
Through the contact of the compression and gas-producing chamber with the cooled
working cylinder a considerable loss of beat takes place from the walls of the com-
pression and gas-producing chambers to the walls of the working cylinder in
consequence of which the temperature of this chamber is not maintained sufficiently
high for the heavy kinds of petroleum so that only a partial reduction into gas is
effected and with the explosion a deposition of soot takes place on the insufficiently
heated surfaces of the gas. producing and compression chambers whereby according
to the nature of the motor the functions of the motor suffer considerably in effect and
consumption.
These evils are obviated by the present invention by means of a concentration of
the temperature due to the compression and gas producing chambers being formed in
the shape of a ball (since the ball, combined with the smallest surface has the greatest
capacity) and which as a protection against the heat being carried away from the
working cylinder is separated from and only connected with the latter by one or more
channels of relatively small cross section.
The inner surface of the ball may for this purpose be either smooth or diversely
futed, or it may be provided with heating plates in order to present to the spreading
mixture of air and petroleum spray as much surface as possible, which, heated by
each explosion, partly give back the collected heat for the reduction of the petroleum
nto gas.

page_text: In the accompanying drawings Figs. 2, 34 and 5 show different forms of con-
struction of this gas producer.
In all of these forms the compression and gas-producing chambers are formed in the
shape of a ball-shaped vessel R Q which to facilitate access to its interior can also be
divided. This compression and gas-producing chamber is connected with the work
chamber of the cylinder by a channel or several channels of small cross section
whereby the dangerous space is reduced to the minimum. This separation of the gas-
producing and compression chamber from the working space of the cylinder has this
advantage that the heating of this said chamber can proceed easily and without being
injured by the cooling which is going on in the cylinder.
Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings represents a vertical section through such a
gas producer. Here the piston K moves in such a manner in the cylinder M. which
is provided with a cooling jacket and which is joined to the gas producer, that at the
completion of its stroke it reaches as nearly as possible to the cylinder cover N and
thus the dangerous space is reduced to a minimum. The compression and gas-
producing chamber proper R Q which is shaped like a ball is joined to the cover N
by a channel (or several of such channels). The supply of the mixture of hydro-
carbon with air takes place at we whilst the ignition flame is introduced at v.
The mechanism by means of which the supply of the mixture of hydro-carbon with
the outer atmospheric air is regulated at w, can be of any desired construction. In
the drawing of the completed arrangement of the motor (Fig. 1) by way of an
example a double lever H is shown for this purpose which is actuated from the crank-
shaft A by the requisite gearing and operates the distributing pump S (to be described
more particularly later on) which serves for the supply of the hydrocarburet and a
valve X which is placed over the gas producing chamber for the supply of atmospheric
air. When the machine is in motion, the explosions will maintain the heat in the
compression and gas producing chamber at the requisite elevation.
In order to ensure keeping the temperature of the inner chamber of the ball R Q as
high as possible this inner chamber may be constructed in different forms as repre-
sented in Figs. 3, 4 and 5.
In the arrangement of Fig. 3 this inner chamber receives a kind of undulatory
cross section instead of which may be used ribs on the circumference running in any
direction.
For the arrangement represented in Fig. 4 a number of partitions P1 P2 P3
are used, which like the ribs in Fig. 3 are connected with the walls of the ball-
shaped body RQ by a heat conducting connection or are cast solid with the ball.
These ribs also permit the hydro-carbon which is introduced into the ball shaped
body R Q to make a longer path, whereby it is brought into contact with the hot
surfaces for a longer time so that the gasifying ensues almost without deposit of soot.
Figs. 5, 6 and 7 show the same arrangement as in Figure 4 but instead of the number
of cross ribs shown in Fig. 4 a single intersecting partition P is arranged in a slanting
direction in the gasifying and compression chamber.
The arrangement of gas producer described may also serve to produce a higher
temperature when actuating such a motor than would be due to the normal explosion
which serves for driving it. For this purpose it is only necessary to divide the
volume of the compression chamber, which is required to be of a certain size for a
motor, into two (or more) chambers in such a manner, that one of these chambers (in
respect to the several spaces that are divided from the principal gasifying, chamber)
can sometimes be shut off from the other chambers i.e. the principal gasifying
chamber.
Fig. 8 illustrates this arrangement in which for example two compression chambers
are arranged, which are represented in the drawing in a horizontal se tion. One of
these is the already described ball shaped gasifying and compression chamber R Q
which is connected with the cylinder of the motor which also is connected with a
second chamber T which can be formed in any desired manner. This connection
which ensues through the channels u u², can be removed by a closing device Y so
that when the machine is set in motion the compression and gasifying chamber RQ

page_text: is warmed, and in this principal gasifying chamber on account of its small capacity a
higher temperature is obtained in a short time for the purpose of the gasification. At
the same time the air in the explosive mixture is burnt in a chamber of smaller
dimensions and a higher temperature produced which facilitates the working of the
machine. When this result is obtained both (or all) the compression chambers are
again joined together so that the normal working conditions recur.
The division of the volume of the compression and gasifying chamber R Q can as
already mentioned be extended over more than two chambers. Also the manner of
effecting the cut off at Y by which the different parts of the compression and
gasifying chamber are separated from one another can be according to fancy and the
motion of the valve or equivalent may either be effected by hand or by the starting
parts of the machine or even automatically. When adding the requisite small
quantity of hydrocarburet for the explosion one must take care that this quantity
be measured exactly, which on account of the insignificant quantity of the same would
be very difficult to carry out but for an arrangement, which each time only delivers
this insignificant quantity from the hydrocarburet reservoir.
The distributing pump which is employed for the new motor is therefore arranged
in such a way, that the hydro-carbon which is to be delivered is either brought in one
or in several different directions to the discharge orifice and by selection or adjust-
ment of this the quantity of hydro-carbon which is to be sent in any direction can
be varied as desired. The desire. object may be obtained by the employment of two
(and with twin motors correspondingly more) pressure valves in separate chambers and
the chamber above the suction valve is brought into connection though indirectly through
the openings in the piston with the chambers underneath the pressure valve whereby
the piston of the distributing pump receives besides its lifting motion another
displacement in the direction of its periphery, whereby the quantity of hydrocarbon
which is brought to each pressure valve and sent on by it, is regulated.
This pump is illustrated by Figures 9 and 10 of the accompanying drawings,
Figure 9 showing a vertical section and Fig. 10 a partial cross section on the line m-n
Figure 9. In this pump the plunger can be turned by a lever a b and c are the
pressure valves, while d is the suction valve. are the openings in the piston k.
This distributing pump works in such a manner that it really absorbs by each stroke
a greater quantity of hydrocarburet than is necessary for each explosion, of this
quantity however only the requisite portion for the explosion is brought to the gas
producer whilst the remainder is pressed back through the second pressure valve into
the hydrocarburet or heavy carburetted hydrogen reservoir B.
This quantity of heavy carburetted hydrogen which has to be measured out exactly
and to be regulated by the action of the distributing pump S is introduced with the
atmospheric air entering through the valve X through the channel w into the gas
producer there it is ignited and caused to explode and by the gas which is thus
generated allowed to pass through the channel or channels u, into the cylinder M
assisted by the action of the piston K and the transference of force to K takes plice
in the usual manner.
Datal thi. 20th
T
O 1000
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Petroleum or similar Motors.
A communication from MARKUS MORITZ ROTTEN, of Schiffbauerdamm 29A, Berlin,
in the Empire of Germany.
1, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex, M.I.M.E.,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The present invention relates to a motor to be driven by heavy hydrocarbons or

page_text: heavy carburets of hydrogen in such a manner that the working of it should be simple
and at the same time perfectly safe.
By the term "
gas engine" herein used is meant an engine driven by the ignition
and consequent force of explosion of an explosive gas or mixture.
In the following description reference is made to Figs. 1 to 10 of the drawing filed
with the provisional specification of this application and in Fig. 1 of which drawing
the motor is represented in its completed arrangement whilst Figs. 2, 3, and 4 show
the special construction of the gas producer and modifications; Figs. 5, 6, 7 show a
form of construction for carrying out this gas producer in a longitudinal and a trans-
verse section and a front elevation; Fig. 8 shows this gas producer with several
chambers which are to be eventually separated from one another, and Figs 9 and 10
are sectional views of the distribution pump.
As appears from the complete arrangement represented in Fig. 1, of the motor the
piston which moves in the cylinder M provided when necessary with a cool jacket,
is driven by the explosion of a mixture of air and gasified heavy hydrocarbons or heavy
carburets of hydrogen which is formed in the gas producer R Q the distributing
pump S determining the quantity of heavy hydrocarbons or heavy carburets of
hydrogen which is to be supplied by every stroke from the reservoir B.
When setting up the new motor the gas producer is the most important detail of it-
construction because the production of heavy hydrocarbons or heavy carburets of
hydrogen for the purpose of driving motors offers in practice considerably greater
difficulties than does that of light hydrocarbons i.e. benzine, naphtha and cru le
petroleum. Refined lamp petroleum must be looked upon as a representative of heavy
hydrocarbons or heavy carburets of hydrogen. In order to apply this petroleum
(which has been deprived of its readily volatile constituents and has a specific gravity
of about 0-82-083 which can he employed for driving motors) the compression and
gas producing chamber for the motor must be kept at a considerably higher tempera-
ture than is the case with the known machines of this kind which are fed with light
petroleum.
Moreover the compression and gas-producing chamber of petroleum motors consists
in a direct elongation of the working cylinder whereby this elongation is either cooled
or not from outside. The working cylinder however is itself always provided with a
cool casing.
Through the contact of the compression and gas-producing chamber with the cooled
working cylinder a considerable loss of heat takes place from the walls of the com-
pression and gas-producing chambers to the walls of the working cylinder in
consequence of which the temperature of this chamber is not maintained sufficiently
high for the heavy kinds of petroleum so that only a partial reduction into gas is
effected and with the explosion a deposition of soot takes place on the insufficiently
heated surfaces of the gas producing and compression chambers whereby according to
the nature of the motor the functions of the motor suffer considerably in effect and
consumption.
These evils are obviated by the present invention by means of a concentration of the
temperature due to the compression and gas-producing chambers being formed in the
shape of a ball (since the ball combined with the smallest surface has the greatest
capacity) and which as protection against the heat being carried away from the
working cylinder is separated from and only connected with the latter by one or more
channels of relatively small cross section.
The inner surface of the ball may for this purpose be either smooth or diversely
fluted, or it may be provided with heating plates in order to present to the spreading
mixture of air and petroleum spray as much surface as possible which heated by each
explosion partly gives back the collected heat for the reduction of the petroleum into gas.
In the accompanying drawing Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 show different forms of construction
of this gas-producer.
In all of these forms the compression and gas-producing chambers are formed in the
shape of a ball-shaped vessel R Q which to facilitate access to its interior can also be
divided. This compression and gas-producing chamber is connected with the work

page_text: chamber of the cylinder by a channel u or several channels of small cross section
whereby the dangerous space is reduced to a minimum. This separation of the
gas-producing and compression chamber from the working space of the cylinder
has the advantage that the heating of this said chamber can proceed easily and
without being injured by the cooling which is going on in the cylinder.
Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings represents a vertical section through such a
gas-producer. Here the piston K moves in such a manner in the cylinder M which is
provided with a cooling jacket and which is joined to the gas-producer that at the
completion of its stroke it reaches as nearly as possible to the cylinder cover N and
thus the dangerous space is reduced to a minimum. The compression and gas-
producing chamber proper R Q which is shaped like a ball is joined to the cover N by a
channel (or several of such channels). The supply of the mixture of hydrocarbon
with air takes place at w whilst the ignition flame is introduced at v.
The mechanism by means of which the supply of the mixture of hydrocarbon with
the outer atmospheric air is regulated at w can be of any desired construction. In
the drawing of the complete arrangement of the motor (Fig. 1) by way of an example
a double lever H is shown for this purpose which is actuated from the crank shaft A
by the requisite gearing and operates the distributing pump S which serves for the
supply of the heavy hydrocarbons or heavy carburets of hydrogen and a valve X which
is placed over the gas-producing chamber for the supply of atmospheric air.
When the machine is in motion, the explosions will maintain the heat in the com-
pression and gas-producing chamber at the requisite elevation.
In order to ensure keeping the temperature of the inner chamber of the ball R Q as
high as possible this inner chamber may be constructed in different forms as represented
in Figs. 3, 4 and 5.
In the arrangement of Fig. 3 this inner chamber receives a kind of undulatory
cross section instead of which may be used ribs p on the circumference running
in any direction.
For the arrangement represented in Fig. 4 a number of partitions P¹ p¹ ps are used
which like the ribs p in Fig. 3 are connected with the walls of the ball shaped
body R Q by a heat conducting connection or are cast solid with the ball.
These ribs also permit the hydrocarbon which is introduced into the ball-shaped
body RQ to make a longer path whereby it is brought into contact with the hot
surfaces for a longer time so that the gasifying ensues almost without deposit of
soot. Figs. 5, 6 and 7 show the same arrangement as in Fig. 4 but instead of the
number of cross ribs shown in Fig. 4 a single intersecting partition P is arranged in a
slanting direction in the gasifying and compression chainber.
The arrangement of the gas-producer described may also serve to produce a higher
temperature when actuating such a motor than would be due to the normal explosion
which serves for driving it. For this purpose it is only necessary to divide the volume
of the compression chamber which is required to be of a certain size for a motor into
two or more chambers in such a manner that one of these chambers (in respect to the
several spaces that are divided from the principal gasifying chamber) can sometimes
be shut off from the other chambers i.e. the principal gasifying chamber.
Fig. 8 illustrates this arrangement in which for example two compression chambers
are arranged which are represented in the drawing in a horizontal section. One of
these is the already described ball-shaped gasifying and compression chamber RQ
which is connected with the cylinder of the motor and which also is con-
nected with a second chamber T which can be formed in any desired manner.
This connection which ensues through the channels u¹ u can be removed by
a closing device Y so that when the machine is set in motion the compression and
gasifying chamber R Q is warmed and in this principal gasifying chamber on account
of its small capacity a higher temperature is obtained in a short time for the purpose
of the gasification. At the same time the air in the explosive mixture is burnt in a
chamber of smaller dimensions and a higher temperature produced which facilitates the
working of the machine. When this result is obtained both (or all) the compression
chambers are again joined together so that the normal working conditions recur.

page_text: The division of the volume of the compression and gasifying chamber RQ can as
already mentioned be extended over more than two chambers. Also the manner of
effecting the cut off at Y by which the different parts of the compression and gasifying
chamber are separated from one another may be according to fancy and the motion of
the valve or equivalent either effected by band or by the starting parts of the machine
or even automatically. When adding the requisite small quantity of heavy hydro-
carbons or heavy carburets of hydrogen for the explosion one must take care that this
quantity be measured exactly which on account of the insignificant quantity of the same
would be very difficult to carry out but for an arrangement which each time only
delivers this insignificant quantity from the reservoir containing the heavy hydro-
carbons or heavy carburets of hydrogen.
The distributing pump which is employed for the new motor is therefore arranged
in such a way that the hydrocarbon which is to be delivered is either brought in one or
in several different directions to the discharge orifice and by selection or adjustment of
this the quantity of hydrocarbon which is to be sent in any direction can be varied as
desired. The desired object may be obtained by the employment of two (and with
twin motors correspondingly more) delivery valves in separate chambers and the
chamber above the suction valve is brought into connection, though indirectly, through
the openings in the piston with the chambers underneath the delivery valve. For this
purpose the piston or plunger of the distributing pump besides receiving a longitudinal
motion is capable of being adjusted in a rotary direction, whereby the quantity
of hydrocarbon which is passed through each delivery valve is capable of
regulation.
This pump is illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10 of the before-mentioned drawing Fig. 9
being a vertical section and Fig. 10 a partial cross section on the line m-n Fig. 9.
In this pump the piston or plunger k can be turned by a lever a, b and c are the
delivery valves while d is the suction valve and p the openings in the piston k.
This distributing pump works in such a manner that it really absorbs by each stroke
a greater quantity of heavy hydrocarbons or heavy carburets of hydrogen than is
necessary for each explosion; of this quantity however only the requisite portion for
the explosion is brought to the gas-producer whilst the remainder is pressed back
through the second pressure valve into the reservoir B of the heavy hydrocarbons qr
heavy carburets of hydrogen.
This quantity of heavy carburetted hydrogen or heavy hydrocarbons or heavy
carburets of hydrogen which has to be measured out, exactly and to be regulated by the
action of the distributing pump S is introduced with the atmospheric air through the
valve X entering through the channel w into the gas producer there it is ignited and
caused to explode and the gas which is thus generated is allowed to pass through the
channel or channels u into the cylinder M assisted by the action of the piston K and
the transference of force to K takes place in the usual manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The combination with the cylinder of a gas engine of a globular combustion
chamber and a short pipe of very small area connecting said chamber to the cylinder
so that the amount of heat-conducting material between the said hot combustion
chamber and the comparatively cool cylinder is reduced to a minimum substantially as
set forth.
2. A globular combustion chamber for a gas engine formed in two parts secured
together and provided with a short pipe for connecting it to the gas engine cylinder
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3. A globular combustion chamber for a gas engine provided with internal ribs or
partitions forming a tortuous passage for the hydrocarbon spray and affording an
extended vaporizing surface and a short pipe for connecting said chamber to the gas
engine cylinder substantially as set forth.
4. A globular combustion chamber for a gas engine provided with an internal

page_text: vaporizing surface and a short pipe for connecting said chamber to the gas engine
cylinder substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. A combustion chamber for a gas engine consisting of a series of vessels connected
together by passages provided with cut-off valves at least one of the said vessels being
provided with a short pipe for connecting it to the engine cylinder and with apertures
for the inlet and ignition of the combustible charge substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.