CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND FIBROUS MATERIALS IN GENERAL
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and
Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris,
France, and 6; Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
for the Invention of "CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR SPINNING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND FIBROUS MATERIALS IN
GENERAL." A communication from Celestin Martin, residing at
Verviers, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
Sealed the 28th February 1873, and dated the 4th December 1872.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 4th December 1872, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "CERTAIN NEW AND
USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND

page_text: FIBROUS MATERIALS IN GENERAL," communicated to me by Célestin Martin,
a person resident at Verviers, in the Kingdom of Belgium, and have
petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and made solemn
Declaration that it is a communication.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in applying an improved apparatus to fixed
machines for spinning wool, cotton, silk, and fibrous materials in general,
the construction and arrangement of which are represented in the
accompanying Drawings, in which Fig. I. represents a sectional elevation
of a fixed spinning machine constructed with the improved apparatus,
and Fig. II. is a plan view of parts constituting the Invention.
A, Fig. I., represents the framework of the machine.
B is a tin drum working the spindles C, and to which motion is
imparted by means of a pulley fixed on the driving shaft D.
E is a second tin drum operating the tubes F and also to which motion
is imparted by means of a pulley fixed to the driving shaft D.
G is a cylinder which carries and unrolls the cop H loaded with the
thread feeding the machine; I are the cylinders giving the thread even
as it is spreading out the bobine H; the tubes F produce the twisting
movement necessary for drawing out the thread.
The cylinders K are running with greater speed than the cylinders I,
and the degree of fineness of the thread is determined by the difference
between their speed and that of the cylinders I.
The threads on leaving the cylinders K pass through the eyelet L
surrounding the border of the guide funnel M, which is mounted on a
bearing board N, to which an upward motion is imparted by means of
the pulley O fixed to the shaft P; this shaft is operated by a system of
excentrics or cammes which it is not necessary to describe here; this
upward movement gives the proper shape to the reel formed on the

page_text: spindle O by the thread unrolled from the cylinders K; this thread is
twisted to the required degree of fineness by the said spindle. The above
described parts of the machine are already well known, and the public
property, the parts represented in Figs. I. and II. by the letters a², b', c²,
d', and e' alone composing the improved apparatus.
Up to the present time in constructing fixed spinning machines
different apparatus have been used, placed between the spindle or tube
producing the twist for drawing out the thread and the cylinders which
feed the thread to be drawn out, for the purpose of preventing the too
much instantaneous twisting of the thread up to the point of contact of
the feeding cylinders, which would prevent the regular drawing out of
the thread. For this purpose some have used a fixed iron bar placed
between the feeding cylinders and the drawing cylinders, causing the
thread to form a curved or broken line; in order to stop or moderate the
twist some have given an upward movement to the said bar, while
others, such as MM". Vimont, of Vire (Calvados), France, and Sykes
of England have applied in the same part of the machine rotating
winged shafts, each wing in its turn causing the thread to describe a
curved or broken line. But if all these contrivances hitherto used have
succeeded in distributing the twist upon a greater length of thread the
regulating of the required twist of each thread separately however has
not been attained, all apparatus known up to the present time as described
above being actuated by a regular uniform movement for each thread,
in other words operating in the same manner for all the threads at once,
because each ascending movement of the bar or of the winged shaft
allowed ever the same amount of twist%; now the different threads drawn
from a cop always differing in size, according to the good or bad working
of the card which produces them, it becomes necessary to regulate the
twist of each thread separately, that is to say, to give to each separate
thread the twist necessary to produce a regular drawing out, according to
its degree of fineness or inequality in size. This result is attained by
means of the small apparatus represented by letters a¹, b¹, c¹, d¹, and e¹,
in Fig. I. and II. c', is a square or balance piece, the two arms of which
are fixed to a small shaft e', the ends of which rest freely on bearings; a¹
is a shape with polished surface fixed to the end of one of the arms of
the balance piece c'; ' is a rough surfaced shape of metal or other
suitable material fixed to the extremity of the other arm of the balance
piece c; d' is a balance weight which may be adjusted at will on the arm

page_text: which carries the shape b¹. The balance piece c¹ is provided with a
stop which prevents its point a¹ from being raised beyond a required
height thus, as shown in the Drawing, the point a¹ causes the thread f
to describe its maximum of curve line, said curvo line being regulated
by the greater weight of that arm of the balance picce which carries the
counterpoise; in this position the thread is supposed to have the degree
of twist necessary for drawing it out regularly.
The apparatus works in the following manner :—'
-The maximum of
speed required to produce the sufficient twist for the purpose of a
suitable drawing out with the finest thread of the cops placed on the
machine is given to the tubes F; when a thread of great size is
unwound the twist produced by the tubes being the same for the whole
of the mill the thread becomes much more stiff, is drawn out very
hardly, and then by its tension presses with greater force on the point a'
of the balance piece c', which falls down' whilst the other end of the
balance piece c¹ is raised. The shape b', which when the shape a¹ was
at rest, that is to say, at its highest point, scarcely touched the thread,
then causes the thread to describe a curve or broken line corresponding
to the downward movement of the shape a', and the surface of the
shape b¹ being rough or unpolished it follows that if the twist produced
by the tube is not instantaneously arrested to that point, it is at least
suddenly diminished and allows the thread to be suitably drawn out
again. As soon as this is effected the shape a¹ rises to its culminating
point if the cause of its descent have disappeared.
The degree of curve line given to the thread by the shape a¹ is
regulated in order that the twist of the thread may not be stopped to
that point, but may be regularly continued beyond it, the shape 6' being
alone intended to moderate the twist when necessary. The counter-
poise is fixed on the arm of the balance piece c¹ in such manner that
the thread has not too great an effort to produce in order to operate the
balance, the degree of curve line and the position of the counterpoise
on the arm being of course determined by the degree of fineness and
the strength of the thread.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, what I claim is,-
1stly. The self-acting regulating for each thread separately of the
twist required for the purpose of drawing out the said thread.

page_text: 2dly. The apparatus and means above described and represented in
the accompanying Drawings for obtaining this result.
3dly. The application of said apparatus to all kinds of spinning
machines, fixed or otherwise.
4thly. The general construction and arrangement of the fixed.
spinning machine in combination with the said apparatus, substantially
as above described and represented in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness thereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Second day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-
two.
H. BONNEVILLE. (L.S.)