Improvement connected with Glass Water-gauges.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 13th ec.. 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvement connected with Glass Water-gauges.
1, RICHARD KLINGER, of 30 Starhemberggasse, Vienna in the Empire of Austria,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The principal disadvantage in gauges, is the difficulty in reading off the level
of the liquid, owing to the indistinctness of the exact position of the liquid in the
glass, which difficulty is increased to a great extent as
the glass.
soon as a film sets on
Many attempts have been made to eliminate this defect for instance by perforating
the metallic casing of the glass, on all sides to allow the admission of as much light
as possible, or by employing coloured floats or covering the back of the glass with
bright platinum or aluminium etc. but all attempts have up to now only resulted in a
partial alleviation of the disadvantage.
In the gauge represented in the accompanying drawings, the difficulty in
reading off the height of the water level is obviated in a manner both novel and
effective.
The gauge glass, for instance in boilers, is provided with suitably formed facets
either pressed, ground or cut into the same in such manner that the rays of light
from outside falling on to the glass will be entirely or partially reflected to and
fro between the surfaces of contact of glass and steam. The rays of light however
falling on to the glass will penetrate through that part of the gauge where water,
which has a greater refracture power, takes the place of the less refractive
steam.
Thus that part of the gauge glass containing steam, from which the
light are reflected back, will appear bright and non-transparent, whilst the part
rays of
containing water, in which the rays of light are not reflected on the surfaces of
contact, but penetrate through the water, will be transparent and show the colour
of the back ground (for instance black).
In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is an elevation of the gauge.
Fig. 2 is a section on line ey, Fig. 1, and
Fig. 3 a modification showing an arrangement of the facets inside the gauge.
The casing a of suitable material is provided with the usual nozzles e and f
The gauge glass e provided, as aforesaid, with facets is attached tightly to the casing a
by means of the frame and screws d d and a packing arranged between the frame
nd casing.
The facets causing the refraction of the light may be variously shaped
ccording to requirement or desire and longitudinally or transversely arranged.
is the coloured back ground, the colour of which will be visible through that part
f the glass containing liquid.
This applies to the gauge shown in Figs. 1 and 2, Fig.
shows a modification
the same in transverse section. Here the glass c' is of the usual form smooth on
oth sides and the facet glass c is placed inside the gauge the same may be of thin
ass a it is not subjected to any one-sided pressure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention,
d the manner in which the same is to be performed declare that what I
im is:
1. In gauge glasses the arrangement of suitable facets, adapted to allow the rays
light to penetrate that part only of the glass which contains the liquid, to make the
lour of the back ground visible. so that that

page_text: contact with the liquid may have the rays of light entirely or partially reflected on
the facets, presenting a bright transparent surface, in the manner and for the purpose,
substantially as described.
Dated this 13th day of November 1890.
FREDERIC PRINCE,
1, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for Applicant.