IMPROVEMENT3 IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AND RADIATING HEAT
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Owen Edwards, of Bayswater, in the
County of Middlesex, Physician, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENT3
IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AND RADIATING HEAT."
ealed the 20th February 1874, and dated the 10th September 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Owen Edwards
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th September 1873.
I, DAVID OWEN EDWARDS, of Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex,,
Physician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ix.
PROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AND RADIATING HEAT,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use or employment of glass either plain,
silvered, or tinted, or of glass strengthened with metal, in the construc-
tion of stoves, ovens, roasters, and boilers' and chambers for the inclosure
and separation from the general atmosphere of fires sustained by solid
or fluid fuel, thus allowing of the regulating of the quantity and force

page_text: or rapidity of the currents of air admitted to such fires, the said currents
being admitted at the bottom of the stove either through holes at the
sides or through a grating in the floor.
In a
The improved burners which I employ consist of a hollow bulb of
glass, earthenware, or other suitable material perforated with a number
of small holes and fitted with a hollow stem to admit the gas. In using
this burner with coal gas, if the gas is supplied with too great rapidity
a bright flame will be produced at each hole, but by reducing the supply,
of gas it will be found that air enters at some of the lower holes, and
mixing with the gas causes it to burn with a pale blue flame.
short time the bulb becomes red hot, and is covered with a thin envelope
of pale flame, and much resembles in appearance a piece of glowing
charcoal. It is thus much better adapted than an ordinary burner for
diffusing heat by radiation, while at the same time owing to the nature
of the material the loss of heat by conduction is comparatively small.
The bulb is made of any required form, and is fitted on a separate stem
of the same material or of metal, and is placed in any position either
horizontal, vertical, or inclined.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said David Owen Edwards in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 10th March 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
OWEN EDWARDS, of Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Physician,
send greeting.
2.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said David Owen Edwards, Her
special licence that I, the said David Owen Edwards, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said David Owen
Edwards, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make

page_text: .
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"'IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AND RADIATING HEAT,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said David Owen Edwards;
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YẸ, "that I, the said David Owen Edwards, do hereby,
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Figures on the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked
thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in the use or employment in certain arrange-
ments or combinations of glass either plain, tinted, or silvered, or of
earthenware, terra cotta, or other suitable argillaceous material, or of
the said materials strengthened with metal, in the construction and
arrangement of stoves, ovens, roasters, and boilers and chambers for the
enclosure of fires sustained by solid or gaseous fuel, thus allowing of
the regulating of the quantity and force or rapidity of the currents of
air admitted to such fires.
My Invention further consists in certain improved arrangements of
burners for effecting the combustion of gas, such burners being made of'
porcelain or some other suitable argillaceous material in the shape of
hollow cylinders or bulbs or spheres with hollow stems to admit the gas,
such cylinders; bulbs, or spheres being perforated with a number of
holes, but to this burner constructed as above, except in the certain
improved arrangements herein-after described, and in combination withi
the improved forms of guard or enclosure I make no claim.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent
a special mode of employing the high refractory power of these burners.
by arranging them in two or more concentric circles, squares, hexagons,
stars, or other regular or irregular combinations, there being a separate
pipe for the contemporaneous supply of gas to each group of burners or

page_text: .
for the supply to eitlier group alone at pleasure. By this arrangement
the burners, together with fragments of broken pottery, asbestos, or like
substances, which may be massed around and over them, after being
once heated are maintained in a state of incandescence by a less and
less combustion of gas according to the intensity of heat previously
attained.
Figs. 1 and 3 are plan views of this arrangement, A, A', being the
two pipes for supplying the inner and outer group of burners respectively.
Fig. 2 is a side view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 represents a cooking stove to which my improvements are
applied. The fire, supported by gas or solid fuel, is arranged in the
space B, and is surrounded or enclosed by a circular or angular enclosure
C (here shown circular) of glass, earthenware, terra cotta, or other,
argillaceous material, strengthened with metal, as more fully herein-after
described. Above and below the space B are ovens or cliambers D, D',
and at E is a receptacle for boiling liquids. The plate below the fire is
perforated, and air for combustion is supplied through the said perfora-
tions, and also through the interstices between the bars of the enclosure
when this form of guard is used.
The lower oven or chamber may be used as a roaster by disposing
burners horizontally in one or more rows, as shown in Fig. 5, above
which row or rows of burners is arranged a layer of porcelain or other
argillaceous cylinders or solid bars of angular, round, or elliptical section,
see Figs. 6, 7, and 8, which will assist in radiating the heat. These
porcelain or other argillaceous bars are by preference formed of a number
of stems or rods which when placed together side by side and slackly
baked give the bars a fluted appearance, and also render them less
liable to fracture than if moulded in one piece.
This arrangement of bars and rows of burners may also be used for
broiling or grilling, the material to be cooked being laid on a grid or row,
of bars grooved and inclined so as to carry the gravy to a pan placed to
receive it.
The circular or angular guards or enclosures I employ for surrounding
the fire are illustrated in Figs. 4, 9, and 10. That shewn in Figs. 4 and
9 consists of a frame of metal formed of two bands a connected by
upright bars b, the bands a being pierced with holes for the reception of

page_text: glass tubes c arranged perpendicularly like balusters or rails and at any
'desired distance apart, this arrangement being designed to surround and
at the same time reveal to sight fires sustained by gas or solid fuel..
In a modification of this arrangement I employ instead of the glass
tubes porcelain or other argillaceous cylinders, or solid bars or rods of
angular, round, or elliptic section, as illustrated in Figs. 6, 7, and 8, to
enclose, protect, and assist the radiation of fires. These bars or rods
may be arranged as a balustrade in contact with or exterior to the fires,
and are held together by metallic bands or supports.
The modification shewn in Fig. 10 consists of concavo-convex glass
dises of various sizes, and capable of withstanding heat, such discs being
supported in a metallic frame d, forming with them a lantern, enclosing
and revealing the fire. The glass used both in this arrangement and
that shewn in Figs. 4 and 9 may be plain, tinted, or silvered, according
to the effect desired to be produced.
When, solid fuel is used it is placed in a holder in the space B, Fig. 4,
and surrounded or enclosed by one or other of the above described
arrangements or a modification thereof, and a flue is arranged to carry
off the products of combustion in this as well as in the case of a gas
fire.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, I claim,—
Firstly. The improved combination of various arrangements of porce-
lain, ceramic, or argillaceous gas burners, with or without the fragments
of broken pottery, asbestos, or other similar material, or of a fire of
solid fuel with the fire resisting protector or enclosure herein-before
described.
Secondly. The use as an improved fire resisting guard or protector, or
enclosure of concavo-convex glass discs, or of glass tubes, or hollow
cylinders, or of similar concavo-convex discs or tubes or hollow cylinders
of porcelain, or other argillaceous material capable of withstanding
highly elevated temperatures, or of solid rods or bars either round,
angular, or elliptic in section, made of porcelain or other argillaceous
material as aforesaid, arranged in or held together by suitable metallic
bands, frames, or other supports.
Thirdly. The employment for each group of burners arranged in two
or more concentric figures or otherwise as may be required of a separate

page_text: pipe for the supply of gas to each group for the purpose herein-before
mentioned..
And, Fourthly. The use of a row or rows of burners of porcelain or
other fire resisting argillaceous material, combined with a layer of
cylinders or bars of like materials, as and for the purposes herein-before
described..
In witness whereof, I, the said David Owen Edwards, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
D. O. EDWARDS. (L.S.)