Improvements in Machines for Pressing and Making, Hollow Earthenware Articles.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 27th July, 1891-Accepted, 17th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Pressing and Making, Hollow
Earthenware Articles.
I, JOSEPH PULLAN GUY, of Armley House, Burslem, in the County of
Stafford, Marl Producer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:-
This invention relates to machinery such as that for which I received Letters
Patent dated 2nd February 1888 No. 1550 and my present improvements consist
in certain additions and alterations as hereinafter set forth and are designed for
the purpose of facilitating and expediting the "getting off" from the machine of
the hollow ware vessels or saggers.
In the course of experiments I have found that the materials to be pressed up
into shape are liable to stick to the plunger, etcètera, and in order to "get off
the made articles I proceed as follows:-
Instead of placing inner linings or a shell to facilitate the removal of the made
vessel intact I substitute therefor a connection between a metal rim on the top
edge of the hollow earthenware vessel and the moving part of the lower source of
power.
This connection is made of iron or steel rods with or without springs or
equivalents.
their
The position of the lower moving member in one arrangement heing under the
table and mould it will be obvious that being connected with the aforesaid rim
on top edge of the sagger or vessel, on the lower source of power descending it
will bring with it (by means of said rods and if required springs, fixed; in manner
aforesaid) the made piece or vessel and thus "strip" it from the plunger and
inner side of the mould and so when the vessel is clear of the mould it will by
means of the rods (and springs if required) cause the said vessel or article to
leave the rim also and thus be perfectly clear ready for moving away.
"
Linen, brattice cloth, calico, or cardboard or other suitable flexible or light
material may be used as well as metal "loose board."
Steel or metal springs connected with the rim forming the top of. sagger may
also be used with fixed mould into which by means of the source of power (such
as ram working from below the table the clay is pressed into the required shape.
Such springs in some cases may or may not be found advantageous or more con-
venient connected by means of rods with the rim and source of power ram
working from below the table on which is fixed the mould into which the. clay is
pressed.
of
In the Specification of my former Patent I referred to the use of two sources
power above and below the ram worked by hydraulic or other power.
For some purposes I propose to dispense with the upper source converting
plunger into fixed mould the case or outer mould in which it is fixed being con-
tinued below the level of the head of the ram such extra area with the case acting
as a closed up box which on the insertion of the ram on which is placed the
charge of clay, said clay is effectually prevented from escaping which otherwise
when the ram is pressed up, the clay in the mould must do. Thus the ram forms
a piston working into a cylinder (which the storage area or continuation of mould
practically is) and it will also serve to guide the sagger when being drawn off
by the letting down of the ram and consequent action of the rods or springs or
combinations thereof.
Thus the ram acts both as feeder and presser and in conjunction with the
springs fixed to the head of the mould in its descent helps to draw, off the sagger

page_text: ready for removal, the ram descends into its bed sufficiently to allow the sagger
in coming down to clear not only the fixed mould but the storage box which is
simply a continuation of the outer case of the fixed mould.
If desired any suitable air valves or openings in the plunger may be used either
with or without the addition of paper, linen, or other exfoliating material or by
sprinkling dry dust, sand or "grog" thereon.
In order to regulate the thickness of the sagger bottom openings may be made
in the bottom of the mould (as in the previous Patent granted to me) called the
'plunger". and that small holes may be made in the sagger itself in connection
with the same.
66
Fitting on the top of the inner and outer mould there is an iron cover through
which and partly resting on it is a shaft collar etc. on which is fixed a heavy cross
head fastened to the body of the machine by means of long pins. This arrange-
ment is for the purpose of bearing the strain of pressure from the ram when
pressing sagger.
Amongst other advantages-the arrangement of feeding the machine from below
the mould it dispenses with apparatus for specially placing sagger or hollow
earthenware vessel the right way up prior to removal of the bottom and sides.
66
"
In order to vary the densities of the sagger as referred to in the Specification
of my former Patent and also to facilitate the pressing up of the sagger the
"feed" may be inserted at twice thus varying the proportions of " grog and clay
in each case to suit particular requirements-this is effected by two distinct move-
ments of the ram which presses the clay into the mould--the first time of pressing
detaching the rods connected with the stripper-after second pressing rods are
attached again to draw off sagger.
Any desired motive power may be used but I may say that I find hydraulic
power is advantageous and convenient for actuating machines having my present
improvements applied thereto.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Pressing and Making Hollow
Earthenware Articles.
I JOSEPH PULLAN GUY of Armley House Burslem in the County of Stafford
Marl Producer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to machinery such as that for which I received Letters
Patent dated 2nd February 1888 No. 1550 and my present invention consists of
certain improvements additions and alterations as hereinafter set forth for the
purpose of facilitating and expediting the making and "getting off" from the
machine of the hollow ware vessels or saggers and to simplify and otherwise produce
economy in the construction and working of the apparatus.
In the course of experiments I have found that the material or materials to be
pressed up into shape are liable to stick to the parts of the apparatus with which
such material comes in contact and in order to " 'get off" the made articles I
proceed as follows:-
Instead of placing inner linings or a shell to facilitate the removal of the made
vessel intact I now according to my present invention dispense with same and I
use an independent metal or other rim which acts on the top edge of the hollow
earthenware vessel as hereinafter set forth.
This rim is by means of connections (made of iron or steel rods with or without

page_text: springs or their equivalents) connected to and actuated by some moving part of
the apparatus or otherwise-as hereinafter explained.
The position of the moving member is under the mould and it will be obvious
that being connected with the aforesaid rim on top edge of the sagger or vessel―
on the ram head descending it will bring with it (by means of said rods and
springs) the made piece or vessel and thus "strip" it from the mould and core
between the inside of the former and the outside of the latter where it has been
formed and so when the vessel is clear of the bottom edge of mould it will by
means of the rods and springs cause the said vessel or article to leave the rim
also and thus be perfectly clear ready for moving away.
Linen, brattice cloth, calico or cardboard or other flexible or light or suitable
material may be used as well as the metal "loose board" hereinafter explained.
(In the Specification of my former Patent I referred to the uses of two sources
of power, i.e. a moving member above and a moving member below-worked by
hydraulic or other power).
The case or outer mould inside which is fixed the inner mould or core being
continued below the level of the head of the said core or inner mould the space
thus formed on the insertion of the ram (on which is placed the charge of clay)
acting as a closed up box and said clay is effectually prevented from escaping
which otherwise when the ram is pressed up the clay in the mould would do.
Thus the ram acts after the manner of a piston working into a cylinder and it will
also serve to guide the sagger etcetera when being drawn off by the letting down
of the ram and consequent action of the "stripper" i.e. the rim with rods and
spring connections.
Thus the ram acts as feeder and presser and in conjunction with the " stripper "
in its descent draws off the sagger etcetera ready for removal the ram descending
sufficiently to allow the sagger or piece just made in coming down to clear not only
the fixed core er inner mould but also the bottom edge of the outer mould.
If desired any suitable air valves or openings in the fixed core head (and in the
ram head) may be used either with or without the addition of paper linen or other
exfoliating material and dry dust sand or grog or the like may be used in
addition if desired.
66
"
Fitting on the top of the inner and outer moulds a metal cover may be arranged
through which and partly resting on it is a shaft collar etcetera on which is fixed a
heavy cross head fastened to the body of the machine by means of long pins. This
arrangement is for the purpose of bearing the strain of pressure from the ram when
pressing saggers etcetera.
Amongst other advantages the arrangement of feeding the machine from below
the mould enables the sagger or hollow earthenware article to be made the right
way up ready for removal on the loose bottom board or plate.
In order to vary the densities of the sagger etcetera as referred to in the
Specification of my former Patent and also to facilitate the pressing up of the
sagger the feed may be inserted at two separate operations thus varying the pro-
portions of "
grog" and clay in each case to suit particular requirements.
Any desired motive power may be used but I may say that I find hydraulic
power is advantageous and convenient for actuating machines having my present
improvements applied thereto.
And in order that my present invention may be easily understood and readily
carried into practice I will proceed to describe same with reference to the accom-
panying sheet of drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a view in elevation of the complete apparatus.
Figure 2 is a vertical transverse section of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a cross section of the apparatus on the line 1-1 Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a cross section of the apparatus on the line 2-2 Figure 1.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout.

page_text: a a is a supporting frame or standard supporting the hydraulic cylinder b.
c is the ram having the ram lead' or plunger d'thereon of a shape corresponding
with tlie inner contour of the mould' e.
The said moulde is firmly, mounted and carried' in the standard' a by any suitable
supports such as the cross head f
g is the inner core which core' g gives the ultimate shape to the inside of the
sagger when, made.
hhare valves in the bottom part of the core g.
A space is left between the outer wall of the core g and the inner side of the
moulde and in this space works the stripper rim i.
This rim i is carried by four (or it may be more or less) rods j-each such rod j
is respectively connected by means of a lug k to an exterior rod m these four rods m
being all firmly connected together at the top by a cross head n while at their
lower ends they are rigidly mounted and secured in any suitable manner to the ram
or plunger c d.
In Figure 4 is shown a method of suitably mounting such connecting rods m by
means of connections o which are firmly secured to the underside of the ram head d
see Figure 2.
At the point where the rods j are connected to the exterior rods m a shoulder is
formed on each said rod m and a spring p is inserted between the lug and the
cross head n or top of the rod m so that while the said shoulder on m carries the
lug k up with it yet on the descent of the ram head d and the exterior rods m
connected thereto the said springs will be compressed and will thụs allow a
limited movement of the rods m through the lugs k and so allow a certain amount
of play in the descending action of the rim i.
The operation is as follows:-
which
The material to be moulded into shape is placed (on a "loose board
exactly corresponds with the contour of the plunger or ram head d) on the plunger d
and the power is then applied.
The plunger d rises up and enters the lower mouth of the mould e.
The material on the plunger d is pressed against the bottom part of the core g
and is thus squeezed outwards and thus enters and is forced up the space between e
and g and so forms the side walls of the made piece or saggers.
The length of the upward travel of the ram c is automatically limited so that the
plunger d is automatically stopped at a regulated distance from the underside of
the core g the distance between the underside of g and the plunger d being the
thickness required for the bottom part of the sagger.
The ram c and plunger d are now caused to descend and the sagger or made piece
descends with the plunger d while the "stripper" now comes into action the rim i
pressing down all round the top edge of the side wall of the sagger or made piece
and so stripping or clearing such thin side wall of the sagger or made piece out of
the narrow space between the mould e and the core g (until such sagger is quite
clear of the lower edge of the mould e) and thus preventing injury to the made
piece or sagger in getting it out of the mould after pressing.
The "loose board" to fit on top of the plunger d may be retained in its
temporary position on such plunger by having V-shaped projections on the under-
side thereof to fit into corresponding V-shaped grooves in the plunger head or by
means of projecting pins to enter holes or by other suitable means.
The rim i may be suitably shaped on its underside so as to give any desired
shape to the top edge of the sagger or made piece.
Also any suitable shape may be formed around the outer edge of the loose board
so as to give such shape around the edge on the underside of the sagger or made
piece.
An obvious modification of my present invention consists in arranging such
apparatus as a twin machine; that is, simply duplicating the apparatus.
Also if desired the plunger or lower part d with the "stripper" mechanism
attached may be fixed and the mould' and core part made and arranged' as the

page_text: moving member to descend upon such fixed head or plunger d-the "stripper
acting as before.
"
As a further modification the stripper might be mounted independently of the
ram or plunger-that is the "stripper "would be actuated separately and by
separate power quite independent of the plunger or lower moving member.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is:--
1. In a machine for pressing and making hollow earthenware articles the com-
bination of an outer mould and inner core fixed together and neither one moveable
upon the other with a stripping rim moving independently in the space formed
between the said core and said mould.
2. I claim a stripping rim operating in the space formed between the inner side
of the mould and the outer side of the core which together with the ram or
plunger constitute the chamber in which hollow earthenware articles are formed.
3. I claim the combination with a ram or plunger or other moving member of a
stripping rim moving and operating independently in the space formed between the
inner side of the mould and the outer side of the core thereof such core and mould
being fixed with regard to one another and neither one being moveable upon or in
the other substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before set forth.
Dated this 27th day of July 1891.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Patentee.