IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS, SCREWS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES IN MALLEABLE CAST IRON
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Davies, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's
Inn, in the County of Middlesex, and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in
the City of Glasgow, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS, SCREWS, AND OTHER
ANALOGOUS ARTICLES IN MALLEABLE CAST IRON."-A communication from
abroad by Ernest Lambert, of Paris, Engineer.
Sealed the 24th October 1862, and dated the 30th April 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th April 1862.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Iuven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS, SCREWS, AND OTHER
ANALOGOUS ARTICLES IN MALLEABLE CAST IRON," (a communication to me from
abroad by Ernest Lambert, of Paris, Engineer,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of cast iron, either malleable or
not, to the manufacture of various nails for boots and shoes, and of other
analogous articles of nailery or ironmongery, such as screws, tenter and other
hooks, rings, binges, and other similar articles. These articles cast directly or
otherwise in malleable iron by the ordinary process are nevertheless not liable

page_text: to be broken by a small blow, and are capable of numerous applications
in trade.
For nails specially applicable to shoe making the stems are made square,
rectangular, or polygonal, with the sides parallel or slightly conical, and
terminated by an ordinary point.
These arrangements have for their object to prevent the damage which
nails of the ordinary form cause in boots and shoes, and to obviate the facility
which ordinary nails have of coming out of the soles. For some uses (for
marine purposes, for example,) the nails or other articles of ironmongery may
be covered with some suitable metal, such as zinc, lead, or copper, so as to
prevent their liability to deterioration.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Davies in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th
October 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 'I, GEORGE
DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow, Civil Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Davies, Her special licence that I, the said George Davies,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Davies, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdour of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and, Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF NAILS, SCREWS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES IN MALLEABLE CAST
IRON," (a communication to me from abroad by Ernest Lambert, of Paris,
Engineer,) upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said George
Davies, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal

page_text: Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Davies, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
in writing, and on reference to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the application of malleable cast iron to the
manufacture of various nails for boots and shoes, and of other analogous
articles of nailery or ironmongery, such as screws, tenter and other hooks,
rings, binges, and other similar articles. These articles cast directly or other-
wise in malleable iron by the ordinary process are nevertheless not liable to be
broken by a small blow, and are capable of numerous applications in trade.
For nails specially applicable to shoe making, the stems are made
triangular, rectangular, and polygonal, with the sides parallel, or slightly
conical, and terminated by an ordinary point.
These arrangements have for their object to prevent the damage which
nails of the ordinary form cause in boots and shoes, and to obviate the facility
which ordinary nails have of coming out of the soles. For some uses (for
marine purposes, for example,) the nails or other articles of .ironmongery may
be covered with some suitable metal, such as zinc, lead, or copper, so as to
prevent their liability to deterioration.
Such being the nature and object of the said Invention for "Improvements
in the Manufacture of Nails, Screws, and other Analogous Articles in
Malleable Cast Iron," I will now proceed to describe more in detail the
manner in which the same is to be performed or carried into practical effect;
and in order more clearly to point out the various applications of the said
Invention, I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof,
and have marked the same with figures of reference corresponding with
those in the following explanation thereof, that is to say:
The first series consists of articles which have been hitherto made of
wrought iron, but never before constructed of malleable cast iron.
Firstly, nails of various forms, specially applicable to shoe making (see
Drawing Nos. 1 to 22, inclusive).
Secondly, nails of various other ordinary forms, illustrated by Nos. 23
to 30.
Thirdly, wall hooks and gate hinges, Nos. 31 and 32.
Fourthly, hooks of various forms, Nos. 33, 34, 35, and 36.
Fifthly, holdfasts, rings and staples for driving, Nos. 37, 38, and 39, wood
screws 40, and screw rings 41.
'

page_text: Sixthly, boot heels 42 and 43, and French sash fastenings 44.
The second series consists of articles for certain particular uses, of forms
completely new, and the production of which the use of malleable cast iron
renders practicable.
Firstly, nails for shoe-making purposes, having striated or radiated heads;
all nails having a flat part on the head may take this form, which cannot be
produced in the nails forged by hand, and which presents the advantage of
resisting wear better, and preventing slipping on snow or ice. This application
allows of the formation of a new series, No. 1*, &c., of which Nos. 1*, 1**, 10%,
and 19 are shown for the sake of illustrating the idea.
Secondly, nails for shoe-making purposes of entirely new forms, as illus-
trated by Nos. 45 to 61*, inclusive. It will be seen that Nos. 61 and 61*
are provided with two points; these nails will hold tighter in the leather, will
be less liable to come out, and their heads less likely to come off.
Thirdly, planking nails, No. 62, and tacks, No. 63, both with square heads,
also Nos. 64 and 65, nails used by shoemakers for "lasting," &c., somewhat
similar to No. 27, but easier to mould; No. 64 being made without the
groove, and No. 65 having an enlargement of the head at the top instead of
the groove to facilitate drawing the nails.
Fourthly, boot heels, Nos. 66 and 67, cast with the nails in one piece
therewith, which are more solid on the boot than those nailed or screwed on
in the ordinary manner.
The third series, nails hitherto made for the use of shoemakers in cast iron
have always bad their stems of a circular or square section, and this part of
the Invention consists in making such nails with their stems of a triangular,
parallelogramic, or polygonal section.
These forms are entirely new, and possess in some cases immense advantages
for driving into wooden shoes or clogs; for example, by placing them according
to the direction of the fibres, the liability of splitting the wood is less than
either either round or square stems. As before stated, any of the above
described nails or other articles (especially Nos. 24, 25, and 26, nails used for
naval purposes,) may be coated or covered with any other metal, such as
copper, zine, lead, or tin, in order to preserve them from oxydation.
A further part of the Invention, which is entirely new, consists in forming
nails with stems of wrought iron, and heads of malleable cast iron. For
horse-shoe nails especially this new system allows of having the stem as
flexible as usual, and the head as hard as possible, at the same time costing
less than those made in the ordinary way, because the stem could be made (by
machinery) with a very small head, which latter could be economically-

page_text: increased and brought to the desired form by casting a malleable iron head
thereupon. This combination may also be employed for the manufacture of
nails with thin stems and large heads.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention for "Improvements
in the Manufacture of Nails, Screws, and other Analogous Articles in
Malleable Cast Iron," together with the manner in which the same is to be or
may be performed or carried into practical effect, I would remark in con-
clusion that I claim as the Invention communicated to me by the aforesaid
Ernest Lambert,―
The substitution of malleable cast iron for wrought iron in the manufacture
of nails for shoemaking and other purposes, and of various small articles of
ironmongery, (which may be either covered with a coating of another metal
or not,) as herein-before described and illustrated in the Drawing annexed.
And, secondly, I claim the mixed or compound nails above referred to,
made of a combination of wrought iron and malleable cast iron, of whatever
size and for whatsoever purpose they may be constructed.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Davies, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
GEORGE DAVIES. (L.S.)