IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES FOR ROOFING
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Taylor, Junior, of Christchurch Road,
Streatham, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TILES FOR ROOFING."
Sealed the 10th April 1866, and dated the 18th October 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
October 1865.
I, JOHN TAYLOR, Junior, of Christchurch Road, Streatham, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TILES FOR ROOFING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in tiles for roofing, and
consists in improvements on the tiles described in the Specification of a former
Patent granted to me, and dated the 27th day of February 1861, No. 506.
These tiles, as described in my former Specification, are each. made with
flanges at the two edges on one side, whilst the other side is flat or plain..
The edges are not parallel, but are inclined to each other, so that each tile is
larger at one end than at the other. On the flanged side of each tile and near
the larger end there was formed a projection, against which the smaller end
of the tile next above it rested.

page_text: Now according to my present improvements the edge of the projection above
mentioned as being formed near the larger end on the flanged side of each
tile, and against which the smaller end of the tile next above it rests, is under-
cut, and at the same time the smaller end of each tile is bevilled to a width
corresponding with the width of the bevilled or undercut projection before
mentioned, so that the undercutting of the projection on one tile may cor-
respond and fit the bevilling of the smaller end of the tile next above it. The
on the flanged
smaller end of each tile is further formed with two projections
side, which prevent the flanges of two tiles next to it (one on either side)
from movement laterally, and these two projections when the flanged side of
a tile is turned downwards also act in supporting the tile in position by resting
against the angular heads of the nails which secure the two next tiles (one on
either side) to the battens.
In making tiles with parallel flanged edges of plastic material, such as clay
or brick earth, or other material, I cause such plastic material to be expressed
through a die or moulding orifice, and having cut the moulded plastic
material into. suitable lengths for tiles, I in respect to one of each pair cut
away a portion of each flange at each end of a tile, and at one end of this tile
I also cut away the surface of the tile to the extent to which at that end the
flanges are removed, whilst at the end where the flanges only are removed
there is a short length of flange applied, the inner surfaces of which correspond
with the outer surface of the original flange. In regard to the other tile of
each pair of tiles I cut away the flanges and the surface of the tile at one end,
and at the end so cut away I form or fix a flange at each edge, which only
extends to part of the length cut away, and such short flange on each edge of
one end of a tile has the line of its outer surface to correspond with the line
of the inner surface of the original flange at the same edge of the tile, hence
when the tiles are fixed on a roof the flanges of the tiles which are upwards
and are fixed to the battens receive the lower ends of the turned down flanges
of the other tiles against them, and the short flanges above mentioned fill up
the space where the original flanges are cut away. I also form like shaped
flanged tiles with parallel edges of glass, by casting it when in a melted or
plastic state in moulds, which are formed to produce the flat body of each tile
with its peculiar flanges above mentioned.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th April
1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
TAYLOR, Junior, of Christchurch Road, Streatham, in the County of Surrey,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Taylor, Her special licence that I, the said John Taylor,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Taylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TILES FOR ROOFING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Taylor, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Taylor, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in tiles for roofing, and
consists in improvements on the tiles described in the Specification of a former
Patent granted to me, and dated the 27th day of February 1861, No. 506.
These tiles, as described in my former Specification, are each made with flanges
at the two edges on one side, whilst the other side is flat or plain. The edges
are not parallel, but are inclined to each other, so that each tile is larger at
one end than at the other. On the flanged side of each tile and near the
larger end there was formed a projection, against which the smaller end of the
tile next above it rested.
+
BEAGAnt
iMBEAAMants the odes of the

page_text: jection above mentioned as being formed near the larger end on the
flanged side of each tile, and against which the smaller end of the tile
next above it rests, is undercut, and at the same time the smaller end of each
tile is bevelled to a width corresponding with the width of the bevelled or
undercut projection before mentioned, so that the undercutting of the projection
on one tile may correspond and fit the bevelling of the smaller end of the tile
next above it. The smaller end of each tile is further formed with two pro-
jections on the flanged side, which prevent the flanges of two tiles next to it
(one on either side) from movement laterally, and these two projections
when the flanged side of a tile is turned downwards also act in supporting
the tile in position by resting against the angular heads of the rails which
secure the two next tiles (one on either side) to the battens..
In making tiles with parallel flanged edges of plastic material, such as clay
or brick earth, or other material, I cause such plastic material to be expressed
through a die or moulding orifice, and having cut the moulded plastic material
into suitable lengths for tiles, I in respect to one of each pair cut away a
portion of each flange at each end of a tile, and at one end of this tile I also
cut away the surface of the tile to the extent to which at that end the flanges
are removed, whilst at the end where the flanges only are removed there is a
short length of flange applied, the inner surfaces of which correspond with
the outer surface of the original flange. In regard to the other tile of each
pair of tiles I cut away the flanges and the surface of the tile at one end, and
at the end so cut away I form or fix a flange at each edge which only extends
to part of the length cut away, and such short flange on each edge of one
end of a tile has the line of its outer surface to correspond with the line of
the inner surface of the original flange at the same edge of the tile, hence
when the tiles are fixed on a roof the flanges of the tiles which are upwards
and are fixed to the battens receive the lower ends of the turned down flanges
of the other tiles against them, and the short flanges above mentioned fill up
the space where the original flanges are cut away. I also form like shaped
flanged tiles with parallel edges of glass, by casting it when in a melted or
plastic state in moulds, which are formed to produce the flat body of each tile
with its peculiar flanges above mentioned.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure shows a plan and Figure 2 a longitudinal section of two tiles,
which for distinction I call under tiles, as they are placed under the other

page_text: tiles, which I call upper tiles for distinction. Each of the under tiles is formed
with a projection 6 near its wider end, as described in my former Specification;
but in the present construction the edge of the projection where it receives
the smaller end of the next tile is undercut, as shown at 6' in Figure 2, and
also in Figure 3, which is a part section of a tile full size. The part of the
smaller end of each of these tiles is bevilled off, as shown at 6 in Figure 2,
also in Figure 4, which is a part section of a tile full size. Hence the part
61 and 6 when they come together correspond with each other, and they 'can
only be separated by drawing them apart longitudinally, whilst they prevent
the lifting of the tiles by the wind or otherwise. On each of these tiles near
the narrow end are two projections c, c, which prevent the two tiles, one on
either side, from movement laterally, and these two projections c, c, when the
flanged sides of two tiles are turned downwards and the flat sides upwards
come against the angular heads of the nails which secure the under tiles to
the battens.
Figure 5 shows a plan and Figure 6 a longitudinal section of what for
distinction I call the upper tiles; they are laid with their flanges downwards
and the flat surfaces upwards; Figure 7 shows a plan of some of these tiles
laid together as they appear on the roof.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention.
Figure 8 shows one of two tiles which are used together, each having
parallel flanges; Figure 9 shows a longitudinal section of the tile shown at
Figure 8, and Figure 10 shows the other of the two tiles. These tiles are
made of like dimensions, and formed by expressing machines through
moulding orifices which make the flanges from end to end, and when the
lengths for the tiles have been cut off the flanges are cut and altered into the
forms shown respectively in Figures 8 and 10.
In regard to the tile, Figures 8 and 9, there are notches a, a, formed in
the flanges, and the width of the other end of this tile is reduced first to the
extent of the thickness of the flange, and a short flange is applied by hand,
as at b, b, then the part of the tile beyond these short flanges b, b, is removed,
so that the width of this narrow part will pass between the two short flanges
b, b, of the next tile. In the tile, Figure 10, the flanges are cut away for a
short distance, as shown at c, c, and at the other end the flanges are removed
and short flanges d, d, are applied at the outer edges, so that this portion of
the tile may be wider than the other parts and may fit over the short
flanges b, b, of the other tiles.
In laying these tiles those represented at Figure 8 are laid with their
flanged surfaces upwards, whilst the tiles represented at Figure 10 are laid

page_text: with their flanged surfaces downwards, as is shown at Figures 11, 12,
and 13, which show a plan and sections of some of these tiles as laid on a
roof.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I claim
the improvements in tiles for roofing herein described with reference to
Figures 1 to 7 of the Drawings.
And, secondly, I claim the improvements in tiles for roofing herein described
with reference to Figures 8 to 13 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Taylor, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
JOHN TAYLOR. (L.S.)