IMPROVE- MENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hawksley, of Three Mill Lane, Bromley
by Bow, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PUMPS."
Sealed the 17th February 1860, and dated the 14th December 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hawksley at-
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th. December 1859.
I, GEORGE HAWKSLEY, of Three Mill Lane, Bromley by Bow, in the County
5 of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PUMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pumps. For this purpose
I employ a metal trough, by preference of a V form, and over this a second
trough of similar form is inverted thus ✓, and this trough has ends, which
fit closely to the sides of the lower trough, so that the two troughs enclose a
space between them. This space is divided into two parts by a partition
attached to the lower trough, and fitting closely to the inclined sides of the
upper trough; this partition is made double or hollow, and the space so
formed is in communication with the suction pipe. Through each side of the
partition passages are formed, connecting the two parts of the space enclosed
by the troughs with the space within the partition; these passages are furnished

page_text: with valves opening outwards; passages fitted with valves opening outwards are
also formed at the two extremities of the upper trough. This trough by a
crank or otherwise is caused to slide to and fro on the lower trough, so that its
two ends come alternately close up to the partition between them. Each time
that the ends of the upper trough move towards this partition the valve in the
end opens to allow the fluid between the two to escape, and during the return
motion this valve closes, and the valve on the partition, opens in order to
allow fluid from the suction pipe to enter and fill the space left between the
end of the upper trough and the partition. In this manner the operation
continues, and a continuous stream is maintained up the suction pipe and out
through the valves at the ends of the upper trough. It will be seen that the
troughs may be varied in form without departing from the principle of the
Invention; they may, for example, be made semicircular, or a flat bed may
be employed with a three-sided trough fitting over it; these arrangements I do
not, however, consider so advantageous.
Pumps constructed according to this Invention are applicable for exhausting
and forcing air and gases in addition to raising liquids.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Hawksley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th June 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HAWKSLEY, of Three Mill Lane, Bromley by Bow, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George Hawksley, Her special licence that I, the said
George Hawksley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said George Hawksley, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said George Hawksley, my executors or administrators, by an

page_text: instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Hawksley, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pumps. For this purpose
I employ a metal trough, by preference of a V form, and over this a second
trough of similar form is inverted thus ✓, and this trough has ends, which
fit closely to the sides of the lower trough, so that the two troughs enclose a
space between them. This space is divided into two parts by a partition
attached to the lower trough and fitting closely to the inclined sides of the
upper trough; this partition is made double or hollow, and the space so
formed is in communication with the suction pipe. Through each side of
the partition passages are formed, connecting the two parts of the space
enclosed by the troughs with the space within the partition; these passages
are furnished with valves opening outwards; passages fitted with valves
opening outwards are also formed at the two extremities of the upper trough.
This trough by a crank or otherwise is caused to slide to and fro on the
lower trough, so that its two ends come alternately close up to the partition
between them. Each time that the ends of the upper trough move towards
this partition, the valve in the end opens to allow the fluid between the two to
escape, and during the return motion this valve closes, and the valve on the
partition opens in order to allow fluid from the suction pipe to enter and
fill the space left between the end of the upper trough and the partition. In
this manner the operation continues, and a continuous stream is maintained
up the suction pipe and out through the valves at the ends of the upper
trough. It will be seen that the troughs may be varied in form without
departing from the principle of the Invention; they may, for example,be made
semicircular, or a flat bed may be employed with a three-sided trough fitting
over it; these arrangements I do not, however, consider so advantageous.
Pumps constructed according to this Invention are applicable for exhausting
and forcing air and gases in addition to raising liquids.
.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawing hereunto

page_text: Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, Figure 2 is a plan, and Figure 3 is a
transverse section, of a pump constructed according to my Invention. a, a, is
the bed of the pump; and 6 is a V-form trough, bolted to it; c is a trough
inverted over the trough ; this trough c is furnished with ends c', c', which
fit closely to the sides of the trough b; d is a partition, fixed to the trough b
at or near the centre thereof; this partition is hollow, and the space within it
is in communication with the suction pipe; d¹; d, are valves, fitted to apertures
in the sides of this partition; they are capable of opening outwards. c*, c*,
are also valves capable of opening outwards; they are fitted to apertures in the
ends of the trough c. The trough c is connected by the forked rod e with a
crank on the shaft f, which is carried in suitable bearings g, g, bolted to the
bed a. The shaft f is furnished with a fly wheel h, and may be turned by the
handle i, or by power, as may be preferred. As the crank shaft revolves,
the ends of the trough c are alternately moved up to the partition d, and as
they again recede from it a vacuum is produced between the end and the
partition; one of the valves d' then opens to allow water to escape from the
suction pipe into this vacuum. When the motion is reversed, the valve d'
closes, and one of the valves c* opens to allow the water to escape. j, j, are
pipes connecting the two ends of the trough b; and k is a spout, by which the
water escapes from the pump in a continuous and nearly uniform stream, as
one or other of the valves c* is always open and discharging water. A similar
pump may, if it be desired, be employed for drawing and forcing air or gases.
Figure 4 is a plan, Figure 5 a longitudinal section, and Figures 6 and 7 are
transverse sections, of a pump constructed on the same principle as that shown
at Figures 1, 2, and 3, but differing from it in that the trough 6 is furnished
with several partitions d in place of with one only; this change also renders
it necessary to make some other modifications. In these Figures, b is the
stationary trough, and c the moveable trough inverted over the trough b, as
before. The trough c, in addition to its ends c, c¹, is also furnished with
partitions c², c², fitting closely to the sides of the trough b, one of the said
partitions being placed between each pair of partitions d, d, of the trough b.
In place of making the partitions d, d, hollow, as in the former case, they are
made solid, and passages 6', 6', are formed along each side of the trough b.
The apertures for the passage of the water or other fluid to and from the
spaces between the troughs are formed in the sides of the trough 6, as is
shown at b*, b*. The passages 6', 6', communicate with chambers b², 6²,
which have openings through them both at the top and bottom; these openings

page_text: are fitted with valves opening upwards, as is shown; the openings at the
bottom of the chambers 62, 62, connect these chambers with the upper part of
the suction pipe.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The trough c receives a to-and-
fro motion from a crank and connecting rod as before, or in other convenient
manner, so as to cause each of the partitions c on the trough c to traverse in
the space between the partitions d, d, on either side of it. As the partitions c²
and d separate, the spaces left between them are immediately filled with water
or fluid rising up the suction pipe into one of the chambers 62, 6², and passing
along one of the passages 6. As the partitions c² approach the partitions d,
the water or fluid between them is expelled through one of the passages b' into
one of the chambers 62, from whence it escapes by the valve at the top, and is
then led away by a suitable spout or passage. It will be seen that the two
motions above described, viz., the partitions approaching and receding from
the partitions d, take place at the same time, each of the partitions c³
approaching one of the partitions d as it recedes from another; thus a con-
tinuous flow of water or fluid through the apparatus is maintained.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hawksley, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
GEORGE HAWKSLEY. (L.S.)