IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING COTTON AND. FOR CLEANING COTTON AND CERTAIN OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Garnett, of the Firin of Peter and Charles:
Garnett, of Cleckheaton, in the County of York, Machine Makers,,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING COTTON AND.
FOR CLEANING COTTON AND CERTAIN OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 19th August 1859, and dated the 17th March 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Garnett at the:
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1859.
I, CHARLES GARNETT, of the Firm of Peter and Charles Garnett, of
Cleckheaton, in the County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINEKY FOR
GINNING COTTON, AND FOR CLEANING COTTON AND CERTAIN OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in an improved mode of securing the
toothed wire to the cylinders of the toothed-roller cotton gins now known
and in use. The cylinder has a spiral groove turned in it's circumference.
in the usual manner, and the toothed wire fits into this groove, the ends
of the wire being secured by plates screwed to the ends of the cylinder.
The wire may be secured in various parts of the cylinder by countersunk!
screws,, or by pieces of metal let into the cylinder, and held by screws.
The wire, while being wound on the cylinder, passes through a clamp
formed of metal jaws, tightened together by a screw or other agent, a
piece of india-rubber or other yielding material being applied to give
Price Sd 1

page_text: the requisite friction. By this means the wire can be pieced up when
required, and more easily wound on the cylinder than heretofore.
Secondly, in applying wheels and pinions to the toothed-roller cotton
gins, for increasing the speed of the working parts when turned by hand.
Thirdly, in applying suitable self-acting agents to the hoppers of
toothed-roller, saw, and other cotton gins, for the purpose of rendering
them self-feeding. In performing this part of my Invention I make use
of two rollers covered with toothed wire or cards. These rollers are
placed at the proper distance apart to allow the cotton to pass between
them, one of the rollers being supported in adjustible bearings to vary
the distance between the rollers according to the size of the seeds. The
rollers are made to oscillate on their axes to supply the cotton uniformly
to the gin. A single revolving card or toothed roller, or a comb furnished
with a stationary or moveable guard or doffer, or a clearer, may be used
instead of the two rollers above referred to. Or the cotton may be drawn
out of the hopper by a series of hooks, which are actuated by cranks, and
act alternately in the required manner for supplying the cotton uniformly
to the gin
The last part of my Invention is applicable to certain machines used in
opening and cleaning cotton and certain other fibrous materials, and it
consists in applying a toothed-roller cotton gin to such machines in such a
position that the seeds thrown out by the beater or picker cylinder are
deposited in the hopper of the gin, by which the fibres are separated from

page_text: any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING COTTON. AND FOR CLEANING
COTTON AND CERTAIN OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Charles Garnett, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Garnett, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):—
The nature of my Invention consists, first, in an improved mode of
securing the toothed wire to the cylinders or toothed rollers of cotton gins
or other machines now known and in use, and in the application of an
improved clamp through which the wire passes while being wound on
the roller.
Secondly, in applying wheels and pinions to the toothed-roller cotton
gins now known and in use, for increasing the speed of the working parts
when turned by hand.
Thirdly, in applying suitable self-acting agents to the hoppers of
toothed-roller, saw, and other cotton gins, for the purpose of rendering
them self-feeding.
And, lastly, in applying a toothed-roller cotton gin to certain opening
and cleaning machines in such a position that the seeds or burrs thrown
out by the beater or picker cylinder are deposited in the hopper of the
gin, by which the fibres are separated from the seeds or burrs.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily:
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me,"
reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the
figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a toothed-roller cotton gin, to which
my improvements are applied; Figure 2 is an elevation, and Figure 3 a
view taken from the back of the same. a, a, are the side frames; b, the
hopper; c and d, feed rollers covered with toothed wire. The roller c is
supported in adjustable bearings, so as to be able to vary the distance
:

page_text: between the circumferences of the rollers c and d, according to the size
of the seeds of the cotton to be ginned. e is the fluted guard; f, the fine
toothed wire roller; g, the brush; and, the discharge pipe, through
which the cotton is delivered. The parts marked e, f, g, and h are made
in the usual manner. The shaft i is turned round by the handle i¹, sce
Figure 2, and the wheel 2, which is keyed on the shaft i, gears into the
pinions e' and ', fixed respectively to the axles of the guard e and
toothed roller f. To the axle of the roller f is also keyed the wheel f",
gearing into the pinion g', fixed to the axle of the brush g; by this means
the speed of the working parts is increased to any extent, while the
driving shaft i may be turned round at the most convenient speed for the
operator. In some cases the machine may be put in motion by the
handle f³, fixed to the axle of the roller f, or the machine may be turned
round by steam or other power by applying a pulley to the axle of the
roller for to the driving shaft i.
My improved mode of securing the toothed wire to cylinders or rollers
is performed in the following manner:-The cylinder has a spiral groove
turned in its circumference in the usual manner; the ends of the wire are
secured by the plates j, see Figures 1 and 5, which are screwed to the
ends of the cylinder, and the wire may be secured in various parts of the
cylinder by countersunk screws, or by pieces of metal let into the
cylinder, and held by screws; by this means the wire can be pieced or
jointed when required, thereby affording great facility in repairing and
piccing up, as each end of the wire is held by one of the screws k. In
order to keep the wire at the proper tension while it is being wound on
the roller or cylinder f, I cause it to pass through a clamp constructed
of two outside metal plates L, see Figures 1 and 4, connected by thumb
screws. The wire passes between one of the outer plates and an inner
plate ; a piece of india-rubber or other suitable yielding material is
placed between the inner plate l' and the other outer plate ; by this
means the requisite friction is obtained, and any bend or irregularity in
the wire is allowed to pass without injury. If it should be requisite to
put fresh wire in the groove of the roller while in the machine, the
casing m is removed, and the angle iron m' is screwed on between the
side frames. This angle iron serves as a guide for the clamp l, which is
held by the operator while the roller is turned slowly round. To the
shaft i is also fixed the disk, which gives the requisite oscillating
motion to the feed rollers c and d, in the following manner:-To the
disk is jointed one end of the link n, the upper end of which is jointed
to the lever o projecting from the carrier pinion p, which gears into both

page_text: the pinions c' and d', fixed to the axles of the feed rollers c and d, and as
the pinion c¹ is smaller than the pinion d', it is evident that the circum-
ference of the roller c moves faster than that of the roller d. The teeth
of the wire in the rollers c and d are set in contrary directions, and the
wire of the roller c enters in or comes opposite to the spaces between the
wires of the roller d. I wish to remark here, that a single revolving card
or toothed roller, or a comb furnished with a stationary or moveable
guard or doffer, or a clearer, may be used instead of the two oscillating
feed rollers shewn, or the cotton may be drawn out of the hopper, and
supplied to the roller f by a series of hooks actuated by cranks.
The last part of my Invention is particularly beneficial when applied
to the opening and cleaning machines, for which Letters Patent were
granted to Francis Alton Calvert on the Sixth day of March, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, and it consists in applying a
cotton gin, similar to the one above described, to such machines, in such
a position that the seeds thrown out by the beater or picker cylinder,
marked c in the Specification of the said Patent, may be deposited in
the hopper of the said cotton gin, by which means the fibres are cleaned
from the seeds or burrs, thereby preventing waste.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that I claim,-
First, the improved mode of securing the toothed wire to cylinders, as
shewn and described.
Secondly, the clamp marked 2, and shewn in Figures 1 and 4, when
used for the purpose described.
Thirdly, the application of wheels for increasing the speed of toothed-
roller cotton gins, as described:
Fourthly, the improved self-acting feeding apparatus described when
applied to toothed-roller, saw, or other cotton gins.
And, lastly, the application of a cotton gin to the machines for open-
ing and cleaning cotton and other fibrous materials described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Garnett, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
H. B. BARLOW,
Manchester.
CHARLES GARNETT. (L.S.)