Improvements in Machines for Kneading and Dividing Dough, Chiefly Designed for Use in the Manufacture of Biscuits.
Year: 1887

page_text: Improvements in Machines for Kneading and Dividing Dough,
Chiefly Designed for Use in the Manufacture of Biscuits.
1, JOHANN PEYER of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Manufacturer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a continuously acting kneading machine adapted to be
driven by hand or power for producing all kinds of dough, but especially the so-called
biscuit dough.
The dough as it leaves the machine can be forced through a head or plate having
perforations of round, oval, square oblong or any desired shape formed therein. As
the dough is forced through the said perforations pieces of any desired length can be
cut off by a knife with which the machine is provided.
The advantages of the improved machine are its great effectiveness, the equality of
size of the pieces cut off and the fact that the dough is not touched by the hands of
the attendant during the production, so that the product does not leave anything to
be desired in point of cleanliness.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 represents a front view of a machine constructed according to my
invention,
Figure 2 is a side view of the same,
Figure 3 a plan of the machine open and
Figure 4 a plan of the machine closed.
B.
The machine comprises a cylindrical receptacle which consists of two parts A,
The lower semi-cylindrical box A is secured to a table, whilst the upper semi-
cylindrical cover B admits of being easily opened upon a hinge V and has an
opening d at the top and a hopper e for receiving the dough.
During the operation of the machine the part B is closed upon the part A and
firmly secured in position by the lugs p and the catches ».
Through the centre of the cylinder A B extends a shaft w, which receives its motion
from the driving mechanism W through the gearing 1, 2, 3, 4.

page_text: Upon the shaft we are secured helical blades S S S adapted to rotate with the
shaft in the cylinder A B, and composed of brass or other suitable material.
These blades constitute a screw thread.-By making this screw in several parts a
fresh part can be easily inserted in case of breakage, without necessitating the
removal of the entire screw. If desired, however, the screw can be made in a
single piece.
This screw part has for its object to receive and knead the dough fed through the
admission orifice d.
As shown in Figure 3 the circumference of this kneading cylinder is greater
where the dough is introduced than in the middle, in order that the larger portion
of the screw always draws in as much dough as is necessary for compressing the
dough in the small part of the cylinder and the fitting of the conical space R towards
the piston or ejecting screw. The more the dough is worked while compressed the
finer and more valuable it is for biscuit or other baking.
The opening d through which the dough is fed is adjustable to enable the quantity
of dough fed to the screws to be regulated.
The three screw parts S, have their threads preferably in the same direction and
they draw in the dough and push it into the smaller part of the cylinder: the other
screw blade S¹ may be of alternately opposite direction, to knead and press
the dough.
In the interior of the cylinder A B between every two screw blades and opposite
each other are inserted vertical knives J the said blades being cut away at the
corresponding places as far as the shaft in order to pass the said knives.
The dough pressed forward by the screw blades is struck off one blade by the said
knives and transferred to the next thereby obviating the choking of the cylinder.
S is a piston screw which can consist of one or more parts, in the latter case discs
having striker knives J' are inserted between every two parts and fixed by screws
from the outside.
il
From this screw the dough is pressed into the space R around the cylinder D
where the dough collects and is compactly pressed. It is finally forced out through
perforated plate K, and cut off in pieces of any length by the knife L which is
keyed upon the same axis as that upon which the screw is secured. is a collar on
the shaft, which collar works in the boss and receives the axial pressure exerted
by the screws.
The form and size of the pieces of dough cut off is determined by the size of the
holes in the perforated disc and the number of the knives; if for example, three
knives are used instead of four, the dough pieces forced out are longer, because the
knife cuts off at longer intervals: if there were five knives instead of four, the
pieces are made shorter. All the pieces which are cut off by the knife have the same
size and are therefore also of equal weight, so that a dividing machine is unnecessary.
If for example macaroni has to be cut, the holes should be small and close to
each other, and only one or two knives should be used in order that the pieces
should be of the proper length.
Over the fixed end E of the cylinder is placed the ring F which is held by the
angle pieces G inserted through holes and then secured by screws so that the said
ring can turn but cannot slide longitudinally. To this ring is secured the shaking
drum H made of sheet metal and provided at its periphery with ribs u having the
form shown in Figure 1.
The operation of this shaking drum H is likewise effected from the wheel W
through the medium of the gearing 5, 6, 7, 8. The wheel 6 has to be thrown out
of gear with the wheel 5 by means of the handle n. To enable this the axis x, x',
is made in two parts which abut against each other in the bearing 1. The wheel 6
is thrown out of gear when the work cominences, and remains out of gear so long
as no dough is pressed through the holes.
X is a ratchet wheel which prevents the machine being turned in the wrong
direction.
Dough is continually introduced through the hopper e and the dough leaving

page_text: through the perforated plate K is continually cut off by the rotary knife L. The
small pieces of dough, as stated, fall into the drum E where they are rubbed
against each other, whereby they are caused to assume approximately a spherical
form. The ribs u prevent the pieces adhering during this operation and a device is
provided which continually sifts flour into the shaking drum.
This device comprises a ratchet wheel M keyed upon the shaft w.
A pawl N is
mounted upon a rod P which carries at the end a sieve O. The pawl and rod are
lifted by the teeth of the ratchet wheel and then falls down again, whereby the
sieve is shaken, sifting flour upon the small dough pieces. The rounded-off dough
pieces are during the revolution of the drum taken out by means of a shovel, and
strewn in baking pans and then baked.
The transporting screw might be made double threaded, or two or more screws
might be arranged beside one other, whereby the effectiveness of the machine would
be increased.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improv
Chiefly Designed for Use in the Manufacture of Biscuits.
I, JOHANN PEYER, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to a continuously acting kneading machine adapted to be
driven by hand or power for producing all kinds of dough but especially the so-called
biscuit dough.
The dough as it leaves the machine can be forced through a head or plate having
perforations of round, oval, square, oblong or any desired shape formed therein. As
the dough is forced through the said perforations pieces of any desired length can be
cut off by a knife with which the machine is provided.
The advantages of the improved nuchine are its great effectiveness, the equality of
size of the pieces cut off, and the fact that the dough is not touched by the hands of
the attendant during the production, so that the product leaves nothing to be desired
in point of cleanliness.
The said invention is illustrated in the drawings left with the provisional
Specification in which
Figure 1 represents a front view of a machine constructed according to my
invention.
Figure 2 is a side view of the same.
Figure 3 a plan of the machine open and
Figure 4 a plan of the machine closed.
The machine comprises a cylindrical receptacle which consists of two parts
and B.
The lower semi cylindrical box A is secured to a table, whilst the upper semi-
cylindrical cover B admits of being easily opened upon a hinge V and has an
opening d at the top and a hopper e for feeding the dough.
During the operation of the machine the part B is closed upon the part A and
firmly secured in position by the lugs p and the catches r.
Through the centre of the cylinder A B extends a shaft to which receives its motion
from the driving mechanism W through the gearing 1, 2, 3, 4.
Upon the shaft to are secured helical blades S, S1, S2 adapted to rotate with the
shaft in the cylinder A, B, and composed of brass or other suitable material.
These blades constitute a screw having one or more threads. By making this
screw in several parts which can be keyed upon the shaft a fresh part can be easily
inserted in case of breakage, without necessitating the removal of the entire screw.
If desired however, the screw can be made in a single piece.
Each part consists of a screw having one or more vanes and has for its object to
receive and knead the dough fed through the admission orifice d.

page_text: As shown in Figure 3 the circumference of the kneading cylinder is greater where
the dough is introduced than in the middle, in order that the larger portion of the
screw always draws in as much dough as is necessary for compressing it in the
small part of the cylinder and the filling of the conical space R fowards the piston
or ejecting screw. The more the dough is worked while compressed the finer
and more valuable it is for biscuit or other baking.
The opening d through which the dough is fed is adjustable relatively to the centre
line to enable the quantity of dough for to the screws to be regulated.
The three screw parts S have their threads preferably in the same direction and
they draw in the dough and push it into the smaller part of the cylinder; the other
screw blade S¹ may be of alternately opposite direction, to knead and press the dough.
In the interior of the cylinder A. B, between every two screw blades, and opposite
each other are inserted vertical knives J the said blades being cut away at the
corresponding places as far as the shaft in order to pass the said knives.
The dough pressed forward by the screw blades is struck off one blade by
the said knives and transferred to the next, thereby obviating the choking of
the cylinder.
Sis a piston screw which may consist of one or more parts; in the latter case
discs having striker knives J¹ are inserted between every two parts and fixed by
screws from the outside.
From this screw the dough is taken by the dise D provided with cutting edges
and pressed into the conical space R around the cylinder D, where the said dough
collects and is compactly pressed together. It is finally forced out through a
perforated plate K, and cut off in pieces of any length by the knife L which is keyed
upon the same axis as that upon which the screw is secured. is a collar on the
shaft, which collar works in the boss and receives the axial pressure exerted by
the screws.
The form and size of the piece of dough cut off is determined by the size of the
holes in the perforated disc and the number of the knives; if for example three
knives are used instead of four, the dough pieces forced out are longer, because
the knives cut off at longer intervals; if there were five knives instead of four, the
pieces would be made shorter. All the pieces which are cut off by the knife have
the same size and are therefore all of equal weight, so that a dividing machine is
unnecessary.
If for example macaroni has to be cut, the holes should be small and close to
each other, and only one or two knives should be used in order that the pieces
should be of the proper length.
Over the fixed end E of the cylinder is placed the ring F, which is held by the
angle pieces G inserted through holes and then secured by screws, so that the said
ring can turn but cannot slide longitudinally. To this ring F is secured by screws
the shaking drum H, made of sheet metal and provided at its periphery with ribs u,
having the form shown in Figure 1.
The dough pieces cut off by the knives L fall into the drum H where they knock
against each other and are thus rounded off. The small pieces thus rounded off are
taken out of the pan by a shovel and strewn in baking pans to be placed in the
baking oven.
The operation of this shaking drum H is likewise effected from the wheel W
through the medium of the gearing 5, 6, 7, 8. The wheel 6 has to be thrown out of
gear with the wheel 5 by means of the handle n. To enable this the axis iti, ¹ is
made in two parts which abut against each other in the middle of the bearing 1. The
wheel is thrown out of gear when the work commences and remains out of gear
as long as no dough is pressed through the holes.
X is a ratchet wheel which prevents the machine being turned in the wrong
direction.
Dough is continually introduced, through the hopper e and the dough leaving
through the perforated plate K is continually cut off by the rotary knife L. The
small pieces of dough as stated fall into the drum H where they are rubbed against

page_text: each other, whereby they are caused to assume approximately a spherical form. The
ribs u prevent the pieces adhering during this operation and a device is provided
which continually sifts flour into the shaking drum.
This device comprises a ratchet wheel M keyed upon the shaft w. A pawl N is
mounted upon a rod P which carries at the end a sieve O. The pawl and rod are
lifted by the teeth of the ratchet wheel and then fall down again, whereby the sieve
is set in oscillating motion, sifting flour upon the small dough pieces. The rounded-
off dough pieces are during the revolution of the drum taken out by means of a
shovel, and strewn in baking pans, and then baked.
The transporting screw might be made double threaded, or two or more screws
might be arranged beside each other, whereby the effectiveness of the machine would
be increased.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The two-part kneading cylinder A B widening conically towards both sides,
which is provided internally with knives J arranged opposite each other, in
combination with a transporting screw S S¹ and S² rotating in this cylinder, which
screw, can be one or more-threaded, the said screw scizes the dough fed to the
kneading cylinder, presses it and forces it through a perforated plate, wheroby the
desired form is given to the dough, corresponding to the holes in the perforated
disc as above described.
Second. The employment of the knife dise L which cuts off the dough pressed
through the perforated plate k to any desired length as above described.
Third. A rotary drum H provided with ribs at its circumference, and into which
the dough pieces fall, and wherein they are given an approximately spherical form
us above described.
Fourth. The construction of screw S and S' of several parts keyed upon the shaft
to enable in case of breakage a fresh piece to be inserted as above described.
Fifth. The construction of the piston screw S" in one or more parts, between
every two parts being inserted a plate J' secured by screws and having several
projecting knives, or only striking knives such as are arranged in the cylinder as
above described.
Dated this 2nd day of November 1887