CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OP REVERBERATING FURNACES OR CUPOLAS, AND IN THE PROCESSES CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR THE PURPOSE OF SHELTING
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Jukes, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OP REVERBERATING FURNACES OR CUPOLAS, AND IN THE PROCESSES CONNECTED
THEREWITH FOR THE PURPOSE OF SHELTING."
Scaled the 29th April 1878, and dated the 27th February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Jukes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
27th February 1878.
I, RICHARD JUKES, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF REVERBERATING FURNACES OR CUPOLAS, AND IN THE
PROCESSES CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR THE PURPOSE OF SMELTING," to be as
follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of constructing and
adapting to reverberating furnaces or cupolas improvements hercin-after
described, which will not only materially economizo fuel in the process
of smelting, but also enablo the internal structure of the cupola itself

page_text: and other parts acted upon by the heat to be much more lasting and
durable than hitherto, and the Invention consists,-
First. In surrounding the lower portion of the cupola or reverberating.
furnace with an annular casing of metal from the basement thercof up
to a point above the "tuycres," that is, the whole portion of the furnace
subject to intense heat when the process of smelting is going on, an
opening or space being provided for the discharge of the contents of the
furnace. This annular space forms a cistern or tank for containing
water, which is admitted thereto by a supply pipe or pipes at the bottom,
and which becomes discharged therefrom by a pipe or pipes at the top,
thus when the firces are lighted, and the process of smelting proceeding,
the water to the tank is freely admitted through the supply pipe or
pipes, which as it becomes heated rises to the top, and so becomes
constantly discharged from the outlet provided for that purpose. It
will thus be evident that the internal surface of the cupola and masonry
subject to the intense radiation of heat from the molten iron will be
maintained in a glazed and sound state by the novel application of
constantly circulating cold water, as the heat which otherwise calcincs
and destroys the same is absorbed as generated by the water circulating
through the external annular space of the tank.
"
Secondly. The Invention consists in providing cupolas designed for
the purpose of smelting "pig," scrap, or other class of metal with two or
more openings in which are placed ordinary cold water "tuyeres"
surrounding blow pipes, through which a hot blast is projected into such
furnace in lieu of the cold blast hitherto used for the same purpose. By
this means, that is, the employment of a hot blast, heat is economized,
and a reduced quantity of fuel employed. It is evident that a cold
blast alone or in combination with the hot blast can bo projected into
the cupola if desired, without any alteration of the parts conveying the
same.
Thirdly. The Invention consists in providing the cupola with a means
of having withdrawn therefrom the gases generated whilst the process of
smelting is proceeding, thereby facilitating by the withdrawal of such
deleterious agents the rapid conversion of the metal into a molten state.
This portion of the Invention consists in providing the furnace or cupola
a little below the platform or point where the fuel and metal to bo
melted is fed thereto, with a number of holes or apertures situated

page_text: equidistantly apart around the same. The outside shell of the cupola
through which these holes are formed is enclosed by an annular casing
which is in direct communication with a flue. In connection with this
flue a fan is placed which assists in drawing off the gases from the
cupola, or the flue from the cupola for this purpose may be in direct
communication with the fluo or flues receiving the products of com-
bustion from the furnaces of stoves or boilers not in immediate conncation
with the same, or in some cases the chimney of the flue carrying off
the gases connected with the cupola might be built sufficiantly high
for this purpose, without the employment of a fan or other auxilliary
aid,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Richard Jukes in the Great Scal Patent Omee
on the 27th August 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
JUKES, of Sheffield, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of February, in tho
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in
the thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Richard Jukes, Her special
licence that I, the said Richard Jukes, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Jukes, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF REVERBERATING FURNACES OR CUPOLAS, AND IN THE PROCESSES
CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR THE PURPOSE OF SMELTING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Richard Jukes, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or ono
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: represent respectively transverse sectional views of Fig. 1 through the
lines A, A, B, B, and O, O.
In these Figures a, a, is the outer casing or annular spaco surrounding
the lower exterior portion of the cupola. This annual space a forms a
3 cistern or tank for containing water, which is admitted thereto by a
supply pipe c at the bottom, and which becomes discharged therefrom
through the pipe d at the top. During the time the process of smelting
is going on the water is freely admitted to the tank a through the
pipo o, which as it becomes heated constantly rises to the top and passes
0 off through the pipo d. The cold water constantly circulating through
this outer annular casing will not only be a means of more thoroughly
concentrating, the heat within the cupola, but will also maintain tho
structure of the cupola itself in a more perfect and durable condition.
Secondly. The blast pipes projecting hot air into the cupola aro shown
5 at e, e, e, e, in Fig. 1, and in the transverse section, Fig. 3., Those pipes
are placed in the openings e³, e', and surrounded by cold water" tuyeres."
By means of the hot blast being projected into the furnace, through
these pipes in lieu of cold as hitherto heat is economized, and a-reduced
quantity of fuel employed. It is evident that a cold blast alono or in
0 combination with the hot can be projected into the cupola if desired
without any alteration of the parts conveying the same.
Thirdly. The Invention is designed for the purpose of withdrawing
from the cupola the gases generated therein whilst the process of
smelting is proceeding, thereby facilitating the rapid conversion of the
5 metal into a molten state.. This portion of the Invention consists in
providing the furnace or cupola at a point a little below the platform or
opening where the fuel and also the metal to be melted is fed to tho
cupola with a number of holes or apertues 9, 9, 9, shown more par-
ticularly in transverse section, Fig. 4. The outside shell of the cupola
through which these holes are formed is enclosed by the annular casing,
.which by means of the passage is in direct communication with the
flue or chimney stack. In connection with this flue a fan is placed
which assists in drawing the gases from the cupola, or for this purpose
the flue from the cupola may be in direct communication with an
5 arrangement of flue or flues receiving the productions of combustion
from the furnaces of stoves or boilers not in immediato connection
therewith, or in some cases the chimney of the fluo carrying off the
'

page_text: gases connected with the cupola might be built sufficiently high for the
purpose, without the employment of a fan or other auxiliary.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with
the method of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be
distinctly understood that I claim,-
First. The novel construction and adaptation to cupolas of an annular
casing or tank through which cold water is caused to circulate for the
purpose as herein-before described and set forth.
Secondly. The employment of hot blast in lieu of cold, as herein
described and set forth.
-
And thirdly. The novel construction of holes or apertures in the
cupola, and adaptation thereto of a casing and passago through and
from which deleterious gases are withdrawn by a fan or other equivalent
during the time the process of smelting is going on, together with the
general arrangement of the several parts composing this Invention, or
any slight modification thereof, as herein-before described, set forth, and
fully illustrated in the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Jukes, havo hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
RICHARD JUKES. (L.S.)
Witness,
MARCUS FLOCKTON.