Improvements in Disinfectants, 'their Manufacture, and their Use for General Purposes, for Treating Sewage, and for Protecting Vines against Mildew and Phylloxera.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 7th Jan., 1890-Accepted, 8th Feb., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Disinfectants, 'their Manufacture, and their Use for
General Purposes, for Treating Sewage, and for Protecting Vines
against Mildew and Phylloxera.
FRIDRICH WILHELM AUGUST HILLE St. John's Hill S.W. London Civil Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-―
"
This invention has for its object "Improvements in Disinfectants, their manufacture
and their use."
The ingredients used for making the disinfectant and the manufacture
is as follows: Magnesium Chloride or Calcium Chloride or other Chlorides are dissolved
in certain proportions in boiling water and turpentine or camphor or other ingredients
are added in certain proportions and thoroughly mixed together. Afterwards the
mixture is filtered and allowed to cool and is then put into bottles or casks or other
vessels and is ready for use. The mixture is prepared in vats or coppers of certain
dimensions heated underneath by fires and they are provided each with an agitating
apparatus for thoroughly mixing the ingredients; each vat or copper has a liberal supply
of water laid on so that they can be easily filled. Above the vats or coppers cisterns
are arranged to supply the other ingredients so that the chemicals can easily be supplied
when required. At the bottom the vats or coppers have taps opening and leading on
to the filters. Underneath the filters the disinfectant is collected in reservoirs and from
those is drawn off in bottles, casks or other vessels and is ready for use.
This disinfectant may with great advantage be used for general disinfecting purposes
of all kinds, for public and for home purposes. It is especially useful for use in
sewers for the disinfection of sewage and for preventing the formation of sewer gas;
and, in combination with hydrated lime or lime water for the clarification and
deodorization of sewage. And, quite especially for the protection of vines against
Mildew and Phylloxera.
·
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Disinfectants, their Manufacture, and their Use for
General Purposes, for Treating Sewage, and for Protecting Vines
against Mildew and Phylloxera.
FRIDRIOH WILHELM AUGUST HILLE St. John's Hill S.W. London Civil Engineer
do bereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner,the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by, the following
statement:—
The invention has for its object Improvements in disinfectants, their manufacture
and their use. For making the disinfectant the ingredients and method of manufacture
are as follows: Magnesium Chloride or Calcium Chloride or other Chloride is dissolved
in boiling water in certain proportions; and when the solution is complete and still
at boiling point, a solution of camphor is added in the proportion, that for every five
pounds of Chloride dissolved in five pounds of boiling water, half an ounce (or more
or less of the ingredients) of the solution of camphor (one ounce of camphor dissolved
in two ounces of spirit) is added; or the spirit of camphor may be mixed with the
Chloride before any water is used for dissolving the salts. The chemicals, namely the
Chloride in solution and the solution of camphor are thoroughly mixed together, so
that the liquid forms one homogeneous mixture; when the solution and mixture of
the ingredients has been completed, it is carefully filtered and allowed to cool, and it
is put into bottles, casks, cans, jars or other vessels, and it is ready for use.
For

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economy in transport and facility in application the disinfectant is thus manufactured
in concentrated form, to be diluted when actually applied for use.
The disinfectant is made in vats or coppers capable of holding from 100 to
500 gallons of water, or more or less, heated underneath by fires from furnaces or
otherwise, and each vat or copper is provided with an agitating apparatus in form
of wheels or otherwise for thoroughly mixing the ingredients together. Each vat or
copper has a liberal supply of water laid on so that it may be easily filled; the pipes
for supplying the water are provided with the necessary taps, and from these the
water flows direct into the vats or coppers. Arranged above the vats or coppers are
cisterns for holding the solution of camphor, so that it may be easily added to the
solution of Chloride and boiling water when required. The pipes leading from these
cisterns for supplying the solution of camphor are provided with taps opening direct
into the vats or coppers, to facilitate and simplify the manufacture of the disinfectant
in quantities. The agitating apparatus is driven by means of a small gas engine or by
other mechanical means and this apparatus is kept in rotation or motion during the
time the ingredients are being mixed together, so that the components are thoroughly
mixed and the whole becomes one homogeneous mixture. The vats or coppers are
provided at the bottom each with taps properly arranged and opening on and leading
to the filters, so that the disinfectant may easily be filtered when ready. The solution
filters through the filtering material into reservoirs constructed underneath the filters,
where it is collected; and from the reservoirs the solution is bottled or put into
receiving vessels of different descriptions, and it is then ready for use.
The arrange-
ment described as above for making the disinfectant will greatly facilitate the
manufacture of the solution in large quantities and in rapid succession.
The above described concentrated solution is to be diluted in the proportion of from one
part of the solution to. from four to ten parts of water; or either more or less water
according to the use it is intended for.
This disinfectant may be used with great advantage for general disinfecting purposes
of all kinds, for public or home purposes, for isolating zymotic or infectious diseases,
in hospitals, barracks, workhouses, o/b ships, in cattle yards, stables or in any public
or private buildings. It is especially valuable and useful for the treatment of sewage
or other impure waters, or applied in the sewers for the deodorization of sewage, so
as to prevent the formation of sewer gas, or reduce such gas to a minimum; and,
applied in this way its use produces a healthy and sanitary condition of the sewers
and minimises the deadly effects of those dangerous gases. As this disinfectant is no
precipitant, it may be used safely and without the danger of creating deposits in the
sewers, and it may be advantageously and universally employed. Besides, by allowing
sewage and disinfectant during their flow on to the outfall works to become thoroughly
mixed together, precipitation by means of lime water or hydrated lime where necessary
will take place very rapidly, the clarification and deodorization of the sewage will be
more easily and more rapidly effected, and the cost of the treatment of sewage will
be considerably lessened. The disinfectant will be most useful and valuable if actually
used at the spot where excreta and household offal are produced i.e. in the houses. In
towns or places where drainage and sewerage has already been carried out, arrange-
ments ought to be made to introduce liquid disinfectants into the sewers in the town
and before the sewage reaches the outfall, purifying and disinfecting the whole net
work and system of sewers, and thereby greatly facilitating the ventilation of the
sewers. In all houses, in public or private buildings a disinfecting apparatus
should be connected with each closet, an automatically acting apparatus, so
that each time the closet is used and when the plug is pulled, a small quantity
of this disinfectant should be discharged simultaneously into the closet or pan connected
with the discharge pipe. The cost of such an arrangement wonld, be trifling, the
effect enormous.
If this principle is carried out viz.: the disinfection in the houses
of all offal matters, and the introduction of the disinfectant into the sewers in the
towns, the question of sewage disposal is solved; we have at the outfall no longer
crude-sewage, but chemically treated sewage, which may be discharged for irrigation
purposes directly on any land without the slightest nuisance, and precipitation tanks:

page_text: and sludge presses will to a great extent become useless. The saving thus effected in
labour and in cost will be enormous; the difficulty of satisfactorily disposing of
the sludge will be overcome, for the production of sludge by this means is reduced
to the smallest possible quantity and it can be everywhere easily dealt with in future.
Further, the disinfectant may with great advantage be used for the protection of
vines against mildew and phylloxera, or for the protection of plants generally. The
materials hitherto used for the protection of vines are nearly all of a corrosive and
poisonous, and therefore dangerous nature, such as sulphate of copper, arsenic, mercury
and other substances; and, besides being of a dangerous nature when used, they
injure and hurt the plants more or less, more especially the roots and leaves. The
solution above described is in no way poisonous or dangerous in application and has
the effect of destroying mildew and phylloxera and of protecting the vines and plants
against being attacked by these scourges. And, instead of hurting the roots or plants
or leaves of the vines, the solution described contains highly fertilizing salts which
give strength and vitality to the plants in general and to the roots in particular. The
mixture is applied to the vines or other plants in the morning or in the evening by
means of flexible tubes fitted with perforated taps, or otherwise; and to the leaves the
solution is applied in this showers like soft rain, and to the roots by means of injection
in the earth. For mildew the concentrated solution may be diluted in the proportion
of one part of the solution to from 5 or 10 parts, more or less, of water. For phylloxera
the solution is used in concentrated form or diluted in the proportion of one part of
the solution to 4 or 5 parts of water. The application of the disinfectant to the plants,
roots or leaves must be repeated until the desired effect has been obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
The composition and manufacture of the disinfectant by using the chemicals and
manufacturing it in the manner described, and its use for the purposes and in the
ways above enumerated, namely for general disinfecting purposes, for the treatment of
sewage or other impure waters, and for the protection of vines against mildew and
phylloxera, or for other plants, substantially as described.
Dated this 7th day of January 1890.