IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Carl Glaser, of No. 92, Linden Strasse, Berlin,
in the Kingdom of Prussia, and Empire of Germany, Civil Engineer and Patent
Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SUGAR" A communication from Friedrich Schmalbein, of Cologne, in the
Kingdom of Prussia, and Empire of Germany.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Carl Glaser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1879.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of No. 92, Linden Strasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, and Empire of Germany, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR." A communication from Friedrich
Schmalbein, of Cologne, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and Empire of Germany.
This Invention relates to a process for the production of refined sugar blocks in
flat cakes, strips, cubes, and prisms.
The processes hitherto employed for the production of good so-called refined cube
sugar, which by reason of its convenient form for consumption displaces more and
more the cone shaped loaf sugar, consist either in first making loaves generally of
a conical form and in cutting or sawing out prisms from these prepared dry
loaves, which process is now but little employed, or in more recent times in the
abandonment of the mode of working from floor to floor, and in the substitution of
centrifugal and filtering and other arrangements specially provided for obtaining
refined block sugar in flat cakes from which are cut strips and prisms. The last
named processes require a large expenditure of capital for machinery while that
invested in the floor work apparatus is rendered unprofitable.
Some refineries have availed themselves, for the purpose of meeting the demand,
of a remedy requiring few new arrangements, such being the introduction of the
manufacture of press cubes, which process simply consists in pressing together by
means of presses moist sugar or wet loaf sugar made into moist sugar powder into
the form of strips or flat cakes. But as all press sugars have besides other bad
qualities the defect that the structure of the sugar is destroyed, it follows that the
press cubes do not sufficiently fulfil the requirements of good refined sugar. Only

page_text: A sugar poured into a mould, not pressed, in which the sugar crystals lie together
in a natural, equal, and unvarying manner, as is the case with refined loaf sugar,
can fulfil all requirements. Therefore the problem was to produce if possible an
article cheap, identical with, and equal in quality to loaf sugar, in the form of
blocks, flat cakes, cubes, and prisms, employing as much as possible the whole
inventory and all the apparatus of existing refineries, and it is believed that this
problem is solved by the Invention of the process hereinafter described, the simplicity
of which greatly enhances its value.
The method of carrying out the improved process, the subject of this Invention, is
as follows:-
The material composing the loaves is produced in the manner well known to
sugar refiners filled into small conical moulds of a square or circular cross section
having proportionately short apexes, and then treated in the ordinary manner until
it is carried to the filtering batteries.
In well constructed filtering batteries the loaves neatly covered over are deprived
of the greater portion of their moisture; the loaves are then turned out of their
moulds, not in order to be taken to the drying rooms, but, and here commences the
chief variation from the process hitherto employed, and the substantial originality
and novelty of this process, to be delivered in this undried state to the machines to
be cut into blocks, flat cakes, and strips.
The cut and still moist pieces, whether in flat cakes or strips, as may be required,
are then carried to a steam or hot air drying apparatus or to ordinary drying rooms,
for the purpose of drying them, after which they may be so delivered to trade, or
they may be previously cut into cubes or prisms.
The separating machines deliver the moist strips and blocks in an undamaged
and most perfect unfractured state. The cut surfaces of the cubes and prisms after
the drying operation appear to the eye as beautiful smooth surfaces. The internal
structure of the sugar blocks is kept quite intact. The advantages offered by
this new peculiar simple process are evident as a cheaper method for the production
of refined sugar in blocks, flat cakes, cubes, and prisms, and at the same timo
unsurpassable in quality are hardly conceivable.
It is also an important advantage that all the arrangements (fittinga) of the
existing refineries for floor work and loaf sugar manufacture may be employed
equally and even to a greater extent when useing square cross sectional moulds
which contain nearly twice as much as the circular shaped moulds. In addition to
which the square moulds require considerably less clearing syrup. It further results
from this process that the detached apexes of the loaves are, and the interior free
powder is, of considerably more commercial value than the detached pieces in the
other process, as the dry dust from the saw which as is well known undergoes a
strong change on the contact of the dry loaf with the overheated blades of the saw,
is of low value.
The economy of time which is effected by the application of this improved process
should also be taken into consideration, as the flat cakes and strips may be dried in
a few hours, whilst on the contrary whole loaves require from 8 to 10 days.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Friedrich Carl Glaser in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th
November 1879.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of No. 92, Linden Strasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, and Empire of Germany, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR." A communication from Friedrich
Schmalbein, of Cologne, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and Empire of Germany.
The processes hitherto employed for the production of good so-called refined cube-
sugar (which by reason of its convenient form for consumption displaces more and
more the cone shaped loaf-sugar) consist either in first making loaves, generally of
a conical form, and in cutting or sawing out prisms from these prepared dry loaves,
which process is now but little employed, or in more recent times in the abandon-
ment of the mode of working from floor to floor, and in the substitution of centrifugal
and filtering and other arrangements specially provided for obtaining refined block
sugar in flat cakes from which are cut strips and prisms. The last named processes
require a large expenditure of capital for machinery, while that invested in the
floor-work apparatus is rendered unprofitable.
Some refineries have availed themselves (for the purpose of meeting the demand)
of a remedy requiring few new arrangements, such being the introduction of the
manufacture of press cubes, which process simply consists in pressing together by
means of presses moist-sugar, a wet loaf sugar made into moist sugar powder into
the form of strips or flat cakes. But as all press sugars have, besides other bad
qualities, the defect that the structure of the sugar is destroyed, it follows that the
press cubes do not sufficiently fulfil the requirements of good refined sugar. Only a
sugar poured into a mould (not pressed) in which the sugar crystals lie together in
a natural, equal, and unvarying manner (as is the case with refined loaf sugar), can
fulfil all requirements. Therefore the problem was to produce if possible an article
cheap, identical with and equal in quality to loaf sugar, in the form of blocks, flat
cakes, cubes, and prisms, while employing as much as possible the whole inventory
and all the apparatus of existing refineries; and it is believed that this problem is
solved by the Invention of the process hereinafter described, the simplicity of which
greatly enhances its value.
The method of carrying out the improved process, the subject of this Invention,
is as follows:-
The material composing the loaves is produced in the manner well known to
sugar refiners, filled into small conical moulds of a square or circular cross section,
having proportionately short apexes, and then treated in the ordinary manner until
it is carried to the filtering batteries.
In well constructed filtering batteries the loaves, neatly covered over, are
deprived of the greater portion of their moisture; the loaves are then turned out
of their moulds, not in order to be taken to the drying room, but (and here com-
mences the chief variation from the process hitherto employed and the substantial
originality and novelty of this process) to be delivered in this undried state to the
machines to be cut into blocks, flat-cakes, and strips.
The cut and still moist pieces whether in flatcakes or strips, as may be required,
are then carried to a steam or hot air drying apparatus, or to ordinary drying
rooms, for the purpose of drying them; after which they may be so delivered to
trade, or they may be previously cut into cubes or prisms.
The separating machines deliver the moist strips and blocks in an undamaged and.
most perfect unfractured state. The cut surfaces of the cubes and prisms after the
drying operation appear to the eye as beautiful smooth surfaces. The internal
structure of the sugar blocks is kept quite intact.
The advantages offered by this new peculiar simple process are evident as a
cheaper method for the production of refined sugar in blocks, flat cakes, cubes, and

page_text: prisms, and at the same time unsurpassable in quality, are hardly conceivable. It
is also an important advantage that all the arrangements (fittings) of the existing
refineries for floor-work and loaf sugar manufacture may be employed equally, and
even to a greater extent, when using square cross-sectional moulds, which contain
nearly twice as much as the circular shaped moulds. In addition to which the
square moulds require considerably less clearing syrup. It further results from
this process that the detached apexes of the loaves are and the interior free powder
is of considerally more commercial value than the detached pieces in the other
processes, as the dry dust from the saw (which, as is well known, undergoes a
strong change on the contact of the dry loaf with the over-heated blades of the
saw) is of low value.
The saving of time by the application of this improved process should also be
taken into consideration, as the flat cakes and strips may be dried in a few hours,
whilst on the contrary whole loaves require from 8 to 10 days.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of the Invention communi-
cated to me as aforesaid, and in what manner the same is or may be performed,
I claim as secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent,-
The use of the above described process in its entirety for the production of blocks
of refined sugar for making into flat cakes, strips, cubes, and prisms, and particularly
the division of loaves into blocks and strips previous to the drying process, sub-
stantially as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Friedrich Carl Glaser, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty seventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.