matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS FROM RAW MATERIAL OR MANUFACTURED GOODS OF WOOL, COTTON, SILK, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1868.
I, JOHN BROWN, of Bay Hall, near Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Dyer and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING WATER OR
OTHER LIQUIDS FROM RAW MATERIAL OR MANUFACTURED GOODS OF WOOL, COTTON,
SILK, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to extract water or other liquids from
fibrous materials or substances either in the raw or manufactured state,
applicable especially after such substances have been washed, scoured, or
dyed, or for other similar purposes, and the improved apparatus consists
of a concave table dish or vessel (by preference fluted) upon which the
substances to be operated upon are to be placed, and a pipe is applied
thereto in connection with a pump, a cap or cover of india-rubber or other
air or water proof cloth or flexible material capable of being attached to

page_text: the edge of the dish over the substances. By the action of the pump
the water or other liquid with which such substances may be saturated
will be extracted therefrom. A tap is applied to admit air under the
cover after the water or liquid has been extracted.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO LOWERING BOATS FROM SHIPS' SIDES IN A SEAWAY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Granville at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1868.
I, JAMES GRANVILLE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO LOWERING BOATS FROM SHIPS' SIDES IN A SEAWAY," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object the ready, simple, and safe means
of disengaging boats when lowered into a seaway, which may be
applied to any boat at a trifling cost, and consists of fitting the eyes,
or ring bolts forward and aft with a short bar, and jointed thereto
so as to form a tongue, resembling that of an ordinary buckle, a piece
of chain; or a rope with an eye at each end is carried through guides
on the bottom of the boat, and passed through the ring bolt and over
the end of the tongues of the ring bolts at each end. This chain is
a little longer than sufficient to reach from ring bolt to ring bolt,
and in the centre of its length it is provided with a whip or additional
piece of chain by which the centre portion is drawn up and made
fast to a belaying pin, or other fastener, on the centre thwart or

page_text: other convenient situation in the boat. When the apparatus is ready
for use all that is to be done being to hook the davit blocks on to
the bars or tongue pieces, when the boat can be elevated from the
deck, being suspended. On the boat being put over the side, and
lowered in the ordinary way, when it is desired to disengage her from
the davit's tackle all that is required to do is to let go the whip in
the centre of the chain, which rendering out at each end allows the
tongue pieces to tilt upwards and throw off the end of the chain,
which had previously confined the tongue pieces down, thus instantly
disengaging the boat from the tackle by which it has been suspended.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANVILS (OF ALL KINDS) FOR SMITHS, AND EVERY DESCRIPTION OF TOP AND BOTTOM FACES FOR HAMMERS FOR DRAWING-OUT PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Foster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st January 1868.
I, DAVID FOSTER, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANVILS (OF ALL KINDS) FOR SMITHS, AND EVERY
DESCRIPTION OF TOP AND BOTTOM FACES FOR HAMMERS FOR DRAWING-OUT
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
According to the present method of making smiths' anvils the main
part or body of the anvil is made of a rectangular piece or block of
wrought iron, and then the other parts are added by the lengthy and
expensive process of welding pieces of wrought iron of various shapes
and sizes to the main body or block, the steel surface or face of the
anvil being added thereto by the same process of welding.
Now the improved method of manufacturing anvils according to my
Invention consists in forming them in moulds by combining cast iron
and steel together. For this purpose a moulding box formed in parts is
employed, the bottom part of the box acting as a chill surface to the
steel which forms the top face of the anvil. The other part of the mould

page_text: is constructed in a similar manner to those used for ordinary castings,
except that there are two separate "gets" or "runners" in place of one,
as usually practised. The lower "get" is employed for running in the
steel, and the upper one for running in the cast iron upon the steel.
The cast steel is first run into the mould upon the chill or metal
surface of the mould, and at or about the time the steel has finished
running in the cast iron is run into the mould upon the steel. The
anvil when removed from the mould simply requires the usual operations
of grinding and finishing in order to complete it.
In like manner may the top and bottom faces of hammers or blocks
used for forging and drawing-out purposes be manufactured by casting in
moulds arranged with chill metal surfaces, as previously described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOOR SPRINGS AND SPRING HINGES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fear at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
July 1868.
I, HENRY FEAR, trading under the Style or Firm of Edwin Cotterill
and Company, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Lock
and Door Spring Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOOR SPRINGS AND SPRING HINGES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, of the following construction and
arrangement of the parts of double-action box door springs:-At the
lower part of the axis on which the door turns is a double incline, and a
roller carried by a vertical slide bears upon the said double incline. On
the top of the said slide a series of flat springs press, the tension of
which may be increased or diminished by means of a screw acting upon
them near their fixed ends. When the door is opened in one or other
direction one or other of the inclines described raises the roller and slide,
thereby bringing the flat springs into action, and when the door is at
liberty to move the pressure of the said roller on the said inclines brings

page_text: the door to its closed position; when closed the said roller bears equally
on the said inclines.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the following construction and
arrangement of the parts of double-action box door springs. On the
axis on which the door turns is a double cam, against which a roller
carried by a horizontal slide bears. A lever carrying a weight at the
end of its longer arm presses by a roller on its shorter arm against the
said horizontal slide. When the door is opened in one or other direction
one or other of the cams pressing against the slide raises the weighted
lever. When the door is at liberty to move, the said weighted lever
by its pressure against the slide brings the door to its closed position.
My Invention consists, thirdly, of the following construction and
arrangement of the parts of double-action box door springs. The axis
on which the door turns carries at right angles a short arm, on which
a roller turns. Against this roller and on opposite sides two arms bear;
these arms are connected respectively with the inner end of a strong
coiled spring and the case of the said spring, to which case the outer end
of the said spring is connected. When the door opens in one or other
direction it bears on one or other of the said arms, in either of which
cases it coils up the said spring, the tension of which when the door is
at liberty to move brings it back to its closed position. By means of a
ratchet wheel and pall the tension of the spring can be adjusted at
pleasure. The outer end of the coiled spring is connected with its case
by its end being turned back and formed into a broad hook which
engages in a recess inside the case.
The arrangement of coiled spring described with the ratchet wheel
and pall arrangement for adjusting its tension may also be applied to
ordinary single action door springs, as well as to single and double action
spring hinges.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLI- CABLE TO MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, & WINDING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Longbottom and
Charles Hindle Longbottom at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th February 1868.
We, CHRISTOPHER LONGBOTTOM and CHARLES HINDLE LONGBOTTOM,
of Bradford, in the County of York, Agents, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLI-
CABLE TO MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, & WINDING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,
AND TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in having the whole or parts of the
metal rails to which the "fly boards" or "guide boards" of such
machinery are hinged enamelled or coated with a substance called
enamel, which may be white or any other desirable colour according to
circumstances, and in applying to the said "fly boards" or "guide
boards" plates of brass or other metal enamelled or coated as aforesaid
to enable the attendant to more casily ascertain when the yarn is
broken.

page_text: Secondly. In constructing such plates so as to form holes or recesses
for the yarn to pass through, and thus avoid the necessity of using guide
eyes, or in the employment of enamelled metal guide eyes instead of
the pot eyes now used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF ESSENCES SUITABLE FOR SOUPS AND SAUCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Drake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th March
1868.
I, HARRY DRAKE, Chef of the Carlton Club, Pall Mall, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF ESSENCES SUITABLE FOR
SOUPS AND SAUCES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in the production or manufacture of solidified
soup or sauce essences, which will enable a wholesome and palatable
soup or sauce to be prepared at a minute's notice and at a moderate
cost.
In carrying out my said Invention I first prepare those ingredients
which are intended to produce the special or characteristic properties
of the particular soup desired, whether it be, for example, turtle, mock
turtle, muligatawny, thick ox tail, creci, game, hare, or other soup or
For this purpose the vegetables with ham and other like ingre-
dients are heated over the fire with butter, whereby the juices are
extracted therefrom; herbs and seasonings are then added and the mass
is reduced to a paste by any suitable contrivance, such as a mill or

page_text: mortar, after which flour may be added; or, as I prefer, the preparation
well known as Prested's prepared roux, which consists of flour from
which the starch has been extracted, and finally an extract of meat
prepared in any convenient manner, but I prefer for convenience the
extract now well known as Liebig's extract of meat or the extract
called glaze; the mass is then thoroughly incorporated, and when so
incorporated, will consist of a smooth paste and may be put in jars or
tins for use as required. When the soup or sauce is required for the
table the solidified essence is simply put into hot water and boiled for a
very short time; I have found one minute sufficient for the purpose.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING QUARTZ. AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonard Wray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1868.
I, LEONARD WRAY, of Ramsgate, in the County of Kent, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING QUARTZ. AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES,'
to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved apparatus for crushing and grinding
quartz and other hard substances relates to a novel and simple"
arrangement of parts, whereby the crushing and grinding operations for
pulverizing quartz. or other hard substances may be carried on in
combination. The crushing and grinding instrument is formed with
curved surfaces, and is made to vibrate or oscillate on a centre.
In one arrangement this instrument consists of a heavy metal block
which is mounted on a horizontal rocking shaft which is supported in.
adjustable bearings. This grinding and crushing block oscillates.
between two fixed jaws made by preference of steel or other very hard
metal or substance. On the ends of the shaft of the crushing block are
keyed two weighted pendulums or levers, one on each side of the machine,

page_text: and by causing these pendulums to vibrate cither by hand labour or by
a motive power engine, the oscillating block will crush the substance
(to be operated upon) by forcing it against the fixed jaws. The
comminuted substance will fall down by its own gravity to the lower
part of the space between the vibrating block and the fixed jaws, and
will be ground down to a fine powder, the fineness or coarseness of the
powder depending upon the adjustment of the moveable block between
the fixed jaws.
In another arrangement there are two vibrating or oscillating crushing
blocks connected together by a link or jointed rod, and between them
is mounted an excentric which acts against the back of the oscillating
grinding blocks and forces them forward alternately so as to force the
substance to be crushed against the fixed jaws. It is advisable in all
cases to make the moveable crushing blocks adjustable vertically so
that they may be set at any desired distance from the fixed blocks
according to the size of grain to which it may be required to reduce
the substance that is being operated upon.
It will be understood that as the lower working surfaces of the
moveable crushing blocks are curved and nearly concentric with their
axes or centre of motion, a grinding action takes place on the smaller
particles of the substance to be operated upon, while the larger pieces
are being crushed or broken up.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY-MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Newzam Nicholson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th November 1868.
I, WILLIAM NEWZAM NICHOLSON, of the Trent Ironworks, Newark,
in the County of Nottingham, Agricultural Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY-MAKING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention applies to certain additions to and
improvements of a system for which Letters Patent for improvements
in hay machines have already been granted to me bearing date the
6th July 1854, & numbered 1485. In my former Patent the forward
motion is obtained by the usual spur wheel and the reverse motion by
an internal wheel in the naves of each of the two travelling wheels, both
gearing into pinions on the fork barrels. When one pinion only is used
on each fork barrel the internal wheel having of necessity a greater
number of teeth than the spur wheel imparts a more rapid motion to
the forks. My present Invention enables me to vary the speed of the
fork barrels in the forward and reverse motions, which is of great
advantage in certain stages of hay making. I obtain this desirable

page_text: effect by an intermediate or carrier pinion which can be brought into
gear with the pinion on the fork barrel and with either the internal or
the spur wheel at pleasure. When not required I withdraw this carrier
pinion so that the same simplicity is substantially retained which is
the characteristic of my former Patent.
The second part of my Invention relates to a plan by which I
construct a machine with reverse motion having two different speeds.
In the nave of each travelling wheel I place two internal cog wheels one
smaller than the other; on the axle of the machine I mount an eccentric
cylinder on which the fork barrels revolve, and by moving this eccentrio
cylinder round the axle I adjust the position of the pinions on the fork
barrels so that they will gear with either of the two internal wheels.
A NEW (OR IMPROVED) INSTRUMENT TO BE USED IN THE TREATMENT OF RHEU- MATISM AND OTHER DISEASES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rudolph Eugen Drinhaus at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st July 1868.-A communication from abroad by Charles
Baunscheidt, of Endenich, near Bonn, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, RUDOLPH EUGEN DRINHAUS, of Cecil Street, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW (OR IMPROVED) INSTRUMENT TO BE USED IN THE TREATMENT OF RHEU-
MATISM AND OTHER DISEASES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an instrument to be used in the treatment of
rheumatic affections and other diseases, such as earache, headache, deafness,
intermittent and nervous fevers, inflammation of the brain, and paralysis,
in conjunction with an oil or oils or liniment, and more particularly
the oil known by the name of "Oleum Baunscheidtii." The instrument
consists of a metal or other block or disc, from the face of which projects
a number of needles of equal length. The metal block or puncturer is
enclosed in a suitable casing provided with a hollow stem or neck,
through which passes a spiral spring attached to the back of the needle
block, said spring terminating in a handle which projects from the end

page_text: of the stem. The block is retained within the casing by a raised rim
formed on the interior at the open end, which is provided with a cover
for the protection of the needles when not in use.
The operation of the instrument is as follows:-Having removed the
needle cover the open end of the instrument is applied on the skin
at the part required. The handle above mentioned as terminating the
spiral spring is then drawn out from the stem until the spring is suf-
ficiently extended, when the handle is suddenly released. The reaction
of the spring will project the metal block and needles forward, causing
the latter to slightly puncture the skin where applied. The epidermis
thus prepared will then be ready for the application of the "Oleum
Baunsheidtii," or other suitable oil or linament, which is painted over
the punctured part by means of a feather or soft brush, or otherwise
applied as usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNING LIME AND IN KILNS THEREIN EMPLOYED
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Russell Swann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd November 1868.
I, JOHN RUSSELL SWANN, of 21, Leith Walk, Edinburgh, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNING
LIME AND IN KILNS THEREIN EMPLOYED," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in burning lime and
in kilns therein employed.
In the ordinary draw kiln, in which lime is commonly burnt, the fire
is constantly maintained by fuel, which together with the limestone is
fed in at the top, the lime being drawn from time to time from the
bottom. In such kilns there is loss of heat, which is conducted away
through the sides of the kiln; to obviate this in great part, and to
obtain other advantages, I provide pipes or channels surrounding the
kiln or in close proximity to its sides, and I force through such pipes or
channels a current of air by means of a fan or otherwise, and this air I
lead into the kiln near the bottom, so that the fuel in the kiln is supplied
with heated air, the cold external air being excluded. By working in

page_text: this way the desired temperature within the kiln may be more uniformly
maintained and with the expenditure of less fuel than would otherwise
be required, and the rapidity of working is also considerably increased.
In the arrangement I prefer two ordinary kilns are constructed back
to back with a chamber between them, which from its proximity to the
kilns becomes very hot, and in this chamber the air is heated. Into
lime kilns of other construction heated air may also be forced to maintain
the combustion of the fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND VEHICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lord at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
February 1868.
I, JOHN LORD, of Oadby, near Leicester, in the County of Leicester,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING RAILWAY
CARRIAGES AND VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
At the end of a railway carriage or vehicle I fix a socket bearing
to receive a rod or shaft hereafter called the "coupling rod," which
is made to project beyond the end of the carriage or vehicle, such
rod having a wheel or handle for the purpose hereafter mentioned.
The head of this coupling rod is made with a screw screwing into
the same, the said head being provided with arms having hooks at
the ends thereof, one hook being turned the reverse way to the other.
These books take into staples, eyes, or corresponding hooks fixed on
the end of the carriage or vehicle which is to be brought opposite to
the said coupling rod arrangement.
In order to couple two carriages or vehicles their ends are to be
brought together, and then by turning the coupling rod head by acting

page_text: on the wheel or handle, as hereafter described, for uncoupling the
hooks thereon can be made to hook into the eyes or hooks aforesaid,
and the same will be thereby coupled. To uncouple, it will be
necessary to turn the wheel or handle aforesaid, and this will cause
the coupling rod head to unscrew, and in unscrewing turn the hooks
out of the staples, eyes, or hooks aforesaid. The turning of the wheel
brings the buffers close "home" which secures the carriages. The
end of the coupling rod which is at the back of the socket bearing
is provided with a screwed part, which is connected with a spring so
as to give easy action to prevent the jerking of the carriage or vehicle,
whereby breakage is avoided.
By my said Invention I provide for the carriages being coupled or
uncoupled without any person having to go between or beneath the
same, as the wheel or handle aforesaid may be reached from the side
of the carriage or vehicle, hence many accidents will be avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILISING OLEAGINOUS ACID WASTE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Richard Southby at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th June 1868.
I, EDMUND RICHARD SOUTHBY, of Lanark, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILISING OLEAGINOUS ACID WASTE," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the utilising of the acid waste which
is deposited or precipitated on treating any hydrocarbon oil with
sulphuric acid, and which acid waste is also sometimes termed acid tar,
acid pitch, or acid sludge.
And the Invention consists in suitably heating the waste so as to
throw off the sulphur compounds in the form of sulphurous acid gas,
which may be used as such or be converted into sulphuric acid in the
usual way.
In carrying the Invention into effect it is preferred to submit the
waste to a red heat in a cylindrical cast-iron or fire-clay retort, the
waste being run in at one end in a continuous stream, whilst the

page_text: coke or carbonaceous residue is moved forward to the other end by a
scraper or screw. The coke may be continuously discharged down a
pipe dipping into a water tank, and may be used as fuel or otherwise.
The gaseous products pass by an outlet in the top of the retort into
a chamber where the carbon mechanically carried over, and any heavy
hydrocarbons, are deposited. From this chamber the gas is passed
through a fire-clay cylinder filled with lumps of fire-brick, which are
kept at a red heat, whilst sufficient air is admitted to oxidise all hydro-
carbons, sulphur vapors, carbonic oxide, or other vapors or gases
present.
From this last-mentioned cylinder the sulphurous acid is delivered
more or less diluted with carbonic acid, nitrogen, and aqueous vapor,
and may be used for making sulphuric acid, or otherwise.
NEW OR IM- PROVED TORTION SPRINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bryan Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
November 1868.-A communication from abroad by Joseph Ellicott
Holmes, of New York, United States of America.
I, BRYAN JOHNSON, of Chester, in the County of Chester, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IM-
PROVED TORTION SPRINGS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The springs which constitute this Invention are formed in various
ways of one or more bars of steel or other metal of a circular, square,
or other suitable section with flattened ends, by bending or turning up
one or both extremities to receive the weight or pressure to be sustained.
The required elasticity is obtained by the resistance which the centre
portion of the bar or bars offers to the twisting force or torsion
exerted by the weight or pressure applied to the end or ends.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PICKERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Holt and Greenwood
Holt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th November 1868.
We, SAMUEL HOLT and GREENWOOD HOLT, of Bacup, in the County
of Lancaster, Picker Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PICKERS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to pickers employed in connection with looms
for weaving, which are made of buffalo hide, and our improvements
consist in forming them in the first part of the process open at the top,
and then either introduce a hollow top or barrel of metal or other
suitable material betwixt the two cheeks or those parts through which
the spindle holes are made, with a rivett passed through the said cheeks
and hollow top to secure the same together, and we prefer to have a
flange or collar at each end which may be either cast or formed on the
barrel or added to it as in using plain tubes having a washer at each
end; or the rivetts may be formed with flanges, or collars, or shoulders
thereon; or we may introduce tops formed of two wires passed through
the cheeks and twisted together betwixt the said checks and rivetted

page_text: therein; or we may pass two straight wires or rivetts through the
cheeks with a piece of the hide or other material placed in between
to form a prop; or one such rivett with a prop on each side may be
adopted.
By this Invention we are enabled to use shorter lengths of the hide
in the making of pickers, whereby we are enabled to manufacture
them at less cost than heretofore.
A COMBINATION PULVERIZING PLOUGH
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Roger Dea at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1868.
I, ROGER DEA, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Mill
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "A
COMBINATION PULVERIZING PLOUGH," to be as follows (that is to say):
My Invention consists in so constructing the working details of my
plough that I am enabled to combine with or separately apply an
apparatus in rear of my plough shear and its attendant parts for pul-
verizing and commingling the soil to render it in a fit condition for
receiving the seed without further preparation, or in a condition to render
further operations trifling and inexpensive. And in some instances I
purpose planting, sowing, or dibbling the seed, and covering and rolling
the same at one operation. I effect this by constructing my plough
shear and its attendant parts of a trough shape, level in the front for
entering the soil and rising behind for the purpose of elevating the soil
by the common draught action of the plough, and at the elevated rear
end of the trough in connection with the plough shear either above or

page_text: below. I apply my means for separating, dividing up, and scattering
rear ways the soil so elevated, and when it may be desirable to sow seed
with the operation of ploughing I apply such sced in the rear of the
pulverizer or scatterer with apparatus for dibbling, sowing, or scattering
the seed according to its nature, which apparatus is worked by the
advancing action of the plough, so as to make the operation of plough-
ing, pulverizing, or scattering, and dibbling, or sowing the seed, as well
as the operation of covering and rolling down the seed, all dependent on
the advancing or progressive action of the plough, whether such com-
bination plough be put in motion by animal or steam power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Deacon, of Appleton House, Appleton,
in the County of Lancaster, Alkali Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID."
Sealed the 16th March 1869, and dated the 9th October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Deacon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1868.
I, HENRY DEACON, of Appleton House, Appleton, in the County of
Lancaster, Alkali Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of sulphuric acid, and
consists in effecting its production by causing,-
First. A mixture of chlorine and of sulphurous acid in a gaseous form

page_text: together with the vapour of water, either at a low or at an elevated
temperature, to comingle, whereby sulphuric acid is produced.
Second. In causing chlorine and sulphurous acid in a gaseous form to
pass into the lower portion of a tower or of a series of towers filled with
materials not acted upon by the elements employed or by the products
resulting, and allowing such gases to come in contact with a descending
stream of water, either at a low or at an elevated temperature, so that
they may be absorbed and sulphuric acid produced.
Third. In producing sulphuric acid by causing chlorine in the gaseous
form together with the vapour of water to act either upon sulphur or
upon metallic sulphurets, or mixtures of the same, such being contained
either in a tube, chamber, or other arrangement.
In carrying out the first part of my Invention I prefer that the gases.
and the vapour of water should pass either through a tube or a series of
tubes or into a chamber or a series of chambers, so that due admixture
may be effected.
The sulphuric acid obtained is always accompanied by hydrochloric
acid, and both acids may be utilised by any of the known methods.
When employing metallic sulphurets the acids produced will be
combined in metallic salts with more or less of the metals present in the
sulphurets, and these metallic salts may be separated and utilised, as is
well understood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING TENONS AND SHOULDERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Henry Ferguson and Alfred
Mulvey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th May 1868..
We, HENRY FERGUSON, of South Wharf Road, Paddington, and
ALFRED MULVEY, of Kilburn, both in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for: "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING TENONS AND SHOULDERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in machinery for
cutting tenons and shoulders of rails or other work in wood whereby
the use of saws is entirely dispensed with and the tenon and shoulder
are cut at one operation.
We propose to construct a bed plate and carrier supported on standard's
or on a frame, on which the wood to be tenoned is placed and clamped ;
guides are affixed after the manner of a circular saw frame through
which the wood is conducted to the irons or tenon cutters. These
tenoning irons or cutters are attached to two drums or wheels working
on a horizontal shaft driven by steam or other power (from which shaft
the carrier derives motion), on which drums or wheels the cutters are
fixed in sunken recesses; they are set in dovetail spaces cut in the

page_text: periphery of the wheel or drum, and are further secured by means of
nut-headed screws or with bolts and nuts passing through slotted
guides in the stems of the cutters; thus the blades of the cutter project
beyond the edges of the wheels or drums, which are rotated free of the
wood, merely serving as final guides between which the wood passes; the
blades being formed in one piece with the stem or holder embedded in
the wheel or drum are constructed of an external form corresponding
with the tenon to be cut, and constitute a three-sided blade or cutter,
each bend of the blade being at the desired angle of the tenon or at
about right angles each to each; the internal edges or surfaces of the
cutters are bevilled off in order to present sharp edges to the wood; the
outer edges of the cutter are of course of the exact outline of the
required tenon and shoulder. Several cutters may be fixed around each
drum or wheel succeeding each other; four cutters will be found
sufficient for general use; we also propose to fix cutters of varying sizes
on the same drum, so as to commence with a small cutter and terminate
with the largest; so also a succession of drums, wheels, and cutters may
be arranged along the side of the wood, cach being worked by gearing
from the main shaft.
By these arrangements both sides of the wood are cut at once with
only one wheel and irons to each side of the tenon, the wheels or drums
are caused to rotate with great rapidity and the carrier delivers the wood
on the principle of a circular saw feeder,, so that the work passes com-
pletely through the machine, and is completed by one traverse motion..
AN IMPROVED KNEADING APPARATUS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francois Grenier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
February 1868.
I, FRANCOIS GRENIER, of No. 3, Rue de la Coutellerie, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED KNEADING APPARATUS," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention consists in the employment in the construction of the
improved kneading apparatus of a wooden tub turning on a vertical
axis, in the centre of this tub is a kind of nave or boss leaving an
annular space in the tub, -its section being that of a trapeze. Between
the inside surface of the tub and the nave, and at equal distances apart,
are placed two vertical shafts giving motion to two sets of blades or
beaters, the first set, which is of a helical form, serves to raise the dough,
the second set, which is formed of straight or oblique blades, is to mix
the dough. Two scrapers fixed to the framework serve to prevent the
dough from adhering to the wood of the apparatus. By this arrange-
ment the tub in which the flour is placed turns on a vertical axis and
successively brings all parts of the dough on one side to the scrapers

page_text: which separate it, and to the first set of beaters or blades which cut
and mix it, and on the other side to the helical blades which raise it and
then let it fall. The whole apparatus is supported by a wood or metal
framework, and motion is given to the three vertical shafts by means of
bands and gearing.
AN IMPROVED PICKER FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peel, John Fletcher
Broadbent, and Joseph Mellor Baines at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th October 1868.
We, JOHN PEEL, Weaving Overlooker, JOHN FLETCHER BROADBENT,
Combing Overlooker, and JOSEPH MELLOR BAINES, Accountant, all of
Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PICKER FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
In constructing pickers according to this Invention we employ metals
in proportions as follows:-Copper, one-half; block tin, one-fourth; and
zinc, one-fourth. These are melted together and cast in moulds of the
required form of picker, which is also provided with a tube or bush of
glass, earthenware, or other similar material, through which the spindle
of shuttle box is passed. The picking strap is attached to a cross pin at
the upper part of the picker, which pin is screwed or chased at one
end, and by the use of a nut serves also for the purpose of
securely holding the glass tube above mentioned firmly in position.

page_text: By the admixture of metals we obtain the desired degree of elasticity,
the use of the glass or other tube reduces friction, and obviates the
necessity for the use of oil. The tubes of glass or other material
above mentioned may be used in connection with the pickers of
ordinary construction.
AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MECHANISM TO PRODUCE ROTATORY MOTION IN ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robinson Boothby at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th March 1868.
I, WILLIAM ROBINSON BOOTHBY, of Adelaide, in the Province of
South Australia, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MECHANISM TO PRODUCE ROTATORY MOTION
IN ENGINES," to be as follows:-
From a point on the surface of a cylinder or drum of hard metal
right and left handed grooves, worms, or threads are cut at a pitch
equal or nearly so to the circumference of the cylinder, the length
of the grooves or the distance between the points of their intersection
being equal to one half the pitch, the ends of the grooves or
threads being rounded off as they approach their points of intersection.
This cylinder has a shaft through it to which it is firmly fixed, the
shaft being free to revolve in thrust blocks at each end of the cylinder.
At an angle of ninety degrees with each other and parallel to the
cylinder and shaft two planed sides with steel faces are placed; within
these slides are sliding blocks with axles through them which point
through the grooves of the cylinder towards the centre of the shaft,

page_text: and have steel rollers on them free to work in the grooves of the
cylinder. Opposite the ends of the slides are placed cylinders with
the ends of their piston rods firmly fixed into the sliding blocks, the
one being at full power or half way down one groove and slide when
the other is at either end. Steam or other medium of power is ad-
mitted to act on either side of the piston by means of a smaller screw
or cylinder with grooves placed on the end of the shafts nearest the
cylinders, and having friction rollers working in the grooves attached
to the ends of levers connected with the valve spindles. This smaller
screw is free to revolve on the shaft through half a revolution, so
that by turning the same throug that distance the motion of the
engine is reversed. With a fly wheel the engine may be worked equally
well with one piston and sliding block.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING, BURRING, AND CLEANING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Colin Mather at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December
1868. A communication from abroad by Charles Grandison Sargent,
of Graniteville, in the State of Massachusetts, in the United States of
America.
I, COLIN MATHER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING, BURRING, AND CLEANING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," being a communication to me from abroad by Charles
Grandison Sargent, of Graniteville, in the State of Massachusetts, in the
United States of America, to be as follows:-
These improvements in machinery for ginning, burring, and cleaning
cotton and other fibrous substances consist in the application of a
stationary plate or bar between the ordinary fine toothed cylinder and
the revolving fluted guard. The edge of this plate or bar is sharp, or
nearly sharp, and the seeds or other impurities are held against the
stationary plate or bar while the revolving fluted guard strikes them off
the fine toothed cylinder. When the seeds or other impurities are free
from fibres they drop out of the machine, and the fibres are removed

page_text: from the fine toothed cylinder by a revolving brush in the usual manner.
The fine toothed cylinders above referred to are made of flat toothed
wire having a shoulder at its lower edge, which is wound in a spiral
groove turned in the cylinder, the space between the toothed wires is
filled up by a copper binding wire of the requisite thickness, which is
pressed in to give security to the toothed wire and to regulate the depth
of the teeth.
Another mode of constructing the fine toothed cylinder is as follows:-
The toothed wire is rolled of a wedge-form in section, and the binding
wire is tapered to correspond; these two wires are wound together on a
plane cylinder,-the ends of which are provided with washers screwed on
the axle; by screwing these washers up the toothed-and-binding wires
are tightened endwise; or the fine toothed cylinders may-be-made in.
the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EM- PLOYED IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING WADDING OR FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Marsden and Thomas
Howard Blamires at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th May 1868.
of
We, HARRY MARSDEN and THOMAS HOWARD BLAMIRES,
Huddersfield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EM-
PLOYED IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING WADDING OR FELTED FABRICS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a prior Invention for which Letters Patent
were granted to the said H. Marsden, bearing date the 25th day of
April 1864, No. 1039, the Specification of which describes and illustrates
means or apparatus for preparing wool or other fibres for feeding
carding engines in a regular or uniform manner, and which is effected
by forming "laps or sheets of the films of carded wool or other fibre
as the same is doffed or stripped from the cards of the scribbler or
carding engine.
Now we have found that by certain improvements thereof and
additions thereto, or by a new combination and arrangement of the
said or similar apparatus with other appliances added thereto, we are

page_text: enabled to employ the same for the preparation or formation of "laps'
or sheets of carded cotton, wool, or other fibrous substance suitable for
manufacture into either wadding or felted fabrics.
According to the Specification of the Patent above referred to the
creeper or endless travelling apron upon which the layers of films of
fibre are laid has intermittent motion given to it by ratchet wheel and
pawl lever actuated by an inclined rail as the carriage reciprocates,
but according to the present improvements continuous motion is given
to the said creeper or endless apron by means of chain and wheels (or
gear wheels) and shafts driven by the carding engine direct, one of
which shafts is mounted on bearings (and caused to rotate) parallel to
the line of travel of the carriage; this shaft carries a worm, which
is caused to slide thereon by the motion or traverse of the carriage,
whereby continuous motion is given to the creeper or endless apron.
And in order to regulate the quantity, thickness, or weight of fibre, or
the number of layers of the films of fibre in a lap or sheet of any given
dimensions, we employ change gear wheels, so that by changing one
wheel for another we can vary the speed of travel of the creeper, and
thereby vary the quantity, thickness, or weight of fibrous substance to
dimensions of lap or sheet to any extent as may be required.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Wiley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st September 1868.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD WILEY, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of
central-fire and pin cartridges to be be used with breech-loading fire-arms,
and relates chiefly to the use of a "rim-fire cap" consisting of a short
cylindrical tube closed at one end, in which the fulminate is placed.
A perforated metallic washer is inserted in the tube on the top of the
fulminate, pressure being afterwards exerted thereon so as to expand
the washer, whereby the closed end of the cap is enlarged. The cap
is then inserted through the aperture in a thin "base cup," the paper
wad is placed in the cup around the "rim-fire cap," and sufficient
pressure employed to form the head. A second thin "base cup
then introduced above the paper wad, and the turned-over cartridge
case placed therein. A second paper wad is then inserted and sufficient

page_text: pressure used to give a bevilled form to the front edge of the head,
and at the same time to turn the edges of the open end of the "rim-fire
cap "in the manner of an eyelet hole over the second paper wad, thereby
forming an effectual gas check. The object of forming the head with
a bevilled edge is to cause the hinder face of the rim to be at right
angles with the body of the cartridge, whereby a good surface is obtained
for the extractor to act upon. Instead of employing a "rim-fire cap"
constructed as before mentioned, an ordinary "rim-fire cap" may be
used, the same being simply inserted through the aperture in the head,
and the edges of the open end turned over, or the fulminate may be
placed in an ordinary cap chamber which is inserted in the head, and
discharge effected by means of an anvil placed in the cap chamber,
as well understood, the open end of the cap chamber being expanded,
and with the second paper wad forming a gas check, as herein-before
described. In cases in which it is desirable that the cartridge shall be
recharged, a short tube may be inserted through the aperture in the
cartridge head, in which tube the "rim-fire cap" or a cap containing
its own anvil may be placed and readily removed therefrom after
discharge, when the case can be refilled and a new cap inserted therein.