IM- PROVEMENTS IN WINDING THREAD OR YARN, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Halbert at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1870.
WILLIAM HALBERT, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Mill
Manager to the Firm of W. Clapperton & Co., Thread Manufacturers there.
«IM-
PROVEMENTS IN WINDING THREAD OR YARN, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR.”
"
This Invention has reference to the winding of sewing or other thread or yarn
from the hanks, reels, or bobbins, into cops, preferably upon hollow paper or other
equivalent cop centres or retaining cores, which would be inexpensive, and take
up little space between the spindles and the thread or yarn, but it might be on pirns
when that is required; and more especially to improvements in the construction of
the winding machinery and particular parts thereof, for winding or building the
said cops or pirns all in a more simple, expeditious, and efficient manner than
heretofore.
And the nature and novelty of the Invention or improvements consist all as
follows:-
First. As regards the building of the cops, this is performed by winding the
thread or yarn on either cylindrical or slightly tapered hollow cops or cores, which
are placed on the winding spindles of a corresponding shape, or slightly more
tapered for easy removal from the spindles when finished. These internal cores for
building the thread upon serve to retain it firm and in shape for handling, packing,
transit, and use in sewing, embroidering, weaving, or other machines, or for other
purposes; and when the cops are to be unwound from the interior the hollow paper
or other core would be made with sufficient taper to be easily removed or pulled
out from the lower or first built end of each cop before its insertion into the
machine, shuttle, or other receptacle, where it was to be so unwound from the
interior as a hollow cop. The cops are preferably wound of the same shape, and in
the same manner as the cops are in the fly spinning frames or mules, that is, the
spun thread or yarn is laid on or built in nearly parallel rows, to and fro at first,
but gradually brought more conical until the largest conical part for some distance
reaches the full diameter the cops are to be made, and then the rest of the cop is
CD 171

page_text: built in conical parallel rows to the full length with its outer surface or body
parallel or cylindrical, and their ends conical.
Secondly. As regards the construction of the machinery or mechanism for
winding the thread or yarn into cops, as described, the construction of the framing
and general arrangement of the spindles, and mode of driving them may be much
the same as in ordinary winding, twisting, or doubling frames, namely, having two
open and nearly rectangular frames at the extreme ends, and one or more inter-
mediate ones, according to the length of the machine, all secured together by
longitudinal rails and rods; and having the winding spindles ranged vertically at
three inches or so apart in footstep and journal bearings or bushes, secured in two
of the said longitudinal rails near the upper part of both sides of the machine at a
proper height for the attendant or winder to put on the cores, attach the threads,
and remove the finished cops from the upper ends of the spindles. The spindles are
driven by an endless cord from the main longitudinal driving shaft and drum,
passed round a hollow or grooved sinall pulley on each spindle between the rails
carrying these. The driving drum shaft revolves in journal bearings or bushos
formed or secured near the middle of the transverse frames, and is actuated by a
belt from a pulley on any adjacent first motion shaft passed over or round fast and
loose pulleys on one end of the drum shaft, where a transverse fork-onded belt
shifting or stopping and starting lever is mounted, so as to be actuated either by
hand or automatically when a thread breaks or a spindle and cop ceases winding,
as will be herein-after described.
The usual heart cam or cop winding shaft is preferably carried in journal or bush
bearings in the transverse frames below the drum shaft, which actuates the former
by a pinion on its one end working into a large wheel on an intermediate reducing
axis with a pinion gearing into a large wheel on the heart cam shaft, which is thus
driven in a usual manner at a slow speed (as about one to nine of the former) so as
to lay on and build the cops on the spindles in sets along the whole machine, or a
half or other proportionate length thereof, by and through a new construction of
duplex or differential acting lever and cam action worked by a heart cam on the
said shaft, and made to oscillate or reciprocate the thread laying on bar or frame by
a connecting rod or other equivalent.
The upper part of the main frame is constructed in a usual manner so as to carry
the ordinary bank of large reeled or wound bobbins or fly reels with hanks, from
which the ends of the thread or yarn are carried up over the ordinary longitudinal
guide bars, carried in brackets high over the front of the transverse frames, and sets
of spindles, from which bars they are each brought down in front of and round
under a stationary bar or roller covered with flannel or other slight friction or
tension producing surface, and up over a light and round-edged differential tension
bar, thence round one, two, or more turns of a smooth spiral or screw cut groove in
a small longitudinal tension bar all in front of and below the laying on bar, and up
over the top rounded smooth edge of which each end or thread is passed to the
spindle on which it is to be built while revolving, as before described, and by the
reciprocating motion of this bar (close in front of a set of spindles) given to it
through the oscillation of its frame by the action of the new or improved
differential cam lever before referred to.
This building frame is made preferably in a horizontal form, with three or more
levers fixed on an axial longitudinal shaft, working in bearings in the transverse
frames behind the upper part of the spindles. The front free ends of the levers
projecting between the spindles are attached to the laying on bar in front of them,
the whole counterbalanced by a back lever and weight, so as to be easily oscillated
vertically by the upper end of a connecting rod attached to one of its middle levers,
and having the lower end connected to a single armed difforentially moved lever,
jointed on and nearly over the fulcrum end of the actual moving or reciprocating
lever jointed to a fixed stud in the front part of the frame. and projecting back
laterally with an antifriction pulloy on its inner free end, working on and actuated
nearly uniformly through a given distance up and down by the heart cam on the

page_text: lower slow motion shaft, all for laying on the thread or yarn parallelly on the
conical surface, as before stated, during the building up
of the cops.
A short transverse spindle is carried in this main lever with a scroll cam of
rather less than the full circumference or perimeter of the circle, fixed on its one
end below an antifriction roller on the free end of the upper lever, which thus
resting on it is raised so as (through the connecting rod and oscillating frame
above) to cause the laying on bar to rise and build the whole row or set of cops to
the desired height or length while the scroll cam is being turned by a screw wheel
on the other end of its spindle, actuated by a screw on a light spindle carried in
bearing brackets on the side of the lower main lever. The screw spindle is turned
by a ratchet wheel on it to the extent of one tooth each double oscillation or down
stroke of the main lever by a stationary pawl, or one on a fixed fulcrummed lever,
oscillated by the heart cam or tappet on the shaft thereof; the inner small part of
the scroll cam raising the lever and laying on bar very slowly at first while
building the first part or lower cone to its full diameter, and the regular conical
angle for building the upper part, during which the scroll bar rises nearly regular
like a heart cam to the top, where it may be made to stop the winding, and let the
roller and top lever fall over the upper end of the scroll cam down on to the small
part ready for beginning to wind the next set of cops.
Ratchet wheels of various sizes, or having a lesser or greater pitch, and corre-
spondingly greater or smaller number of teeth, are used to suit the relative fineness
or coarseness of the thread or yarn boing wound.
The auxiliary tension bar, before mentioned, as placed below the whole row of
threads, between the screw or helical grooved bar and the flannel covered roller
would work on or in guides at its ends, and be raised there by pinching screws or
other equivalent, so as to raise and turn the whole row of threads more or less
round the surface of the flannel, and so give a correspondingly greater or less
friction and tension to them as desired, in addition to that given to them
individually by passing each one or more turns round the grooves of the screw bar
before being led to the guiding and building rail or frame.
One arrangement for stopping when a thread breaks consists in mounting a light
bell crank loosely on the smooth surface of the screw bar at the side of each thrend,
and having its horizontal arm projecting back so as to be raised and carried up by
a smooth lateral projection or finger on its free end, resting on the stretched thread
between the screw and raising tension bars, the vertical arm of each crank working
freely in the guide slot of a longitudinal retaining or fixed flat bar, in guides below
which another light bar with a corresponding slot in it is reciprocated behind and
just clear of the hanging vertical arms, so that when a thread breaks the horizontal
arm of its bell crank falls, which causes its vertical arm to fall into the slot of the
reciprocating bar, the motion of which is then stopped, its actuating lever which is
oscillated by an angled or cam groove spring clutch pulls this against the power of
the spring out of gear with its driving box, which in turn by another bell crank
disengages the holding arm of the forked belt lever, which by a powerful spring
attached to it then shifts the belt on to the slack pulley, and stops the drum shaft
and other moving parts to have the broken thread tied, and the belt lever shifted
to set on the machine by hand. But each stop bell crank might be made in like
manner only to stop the motion of its own spindle by shifting the driving cord on
to a slack pulley on it, when preferred, so that the ends of the thread could be
joined, and the spindle set on again before the building bar had risen sufficiently to
injuriously affect the "build" of the cop, in which case each spindle would have a
fast and loose pulley, or the cords might be made slack so as only to drive their
spindles when tightened up by a spring or weight action, thrown into and out of gear
by the hand and stop bell cranks respectively. By this means a single spindle, or
the whole set of spindles could be stopped when a thread broke without shifting
the belt and stopping the drum shaft and whole machine when desired.
Although the scroll cam, which gives the differential rising motion to the upper
lever which builds or shapes the cops, has been described as formed in one

page_text: revolution, as on the edge or perimeter of a disc, it is to be understood that this
rim or disc might be made helical as a screw, and have the scroll made on its edge
through more than one or two revolutions or parts thereof; and although the
winding spindles have been described as placed vertically it is to be understood
that they might be placed in a horizontal and transverse position near the upper 5
rectangular part of the frame, and having the laying on and building frame
traversed transversely over their free winding ends, preferably placed outwards for
ease in putting on the cores and removing the finished cops.