IMPROVED METHODS OF EXTRACTING FOUL AIR OUT OF SHIPS, WHEREBY A CONSTANT SUCCESSION OF FRESH AIR WILL BE INTRODUCED, AND AT THE SAME TIME MODERATING THE DEGREE OF HEAT ACCORDING TO THE CLIMATE, AND ALSO OF EXTRACTING THE FOUL AIR PROM MINES AND PITS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, AND OF REGULATING THE DEGREE OF HEAT, AND OF GIVING HEAT AND A CONSTANT SUCCESSION OF FRESH AIR TO HOUSES IN GENERAL, WAREHOUSES, CHURCHES, THEATRES, HOTHOUSES, HOSPITALS, WORKHOUSES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS AND ALSO MANUFACTORIES
Year: 1810

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
HOWDEN, of Providence Row, Finsbury Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Baker, Inventor and Patentee of the Portable Furnace or Heating Oven, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Third day of July, in
the fiftieth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said Robert Howden,
my exors, aduiors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Robert Howden, iny exors, adñors, and assigns,
should and lawfully might, during the term of years therein expressed, make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
Invention of "IMPROVED METHODS OF EXTRACTING FOUL AIR OUT OF SHIPS,
WHEREBY A CONSTANT SUCCESSION OF FRESH AIR WILL BE INTRODUCED, AND AT THE
SAME TIME MODERATING THE DEGREE OF HEAT ACCORDING TO THE CLIMATE, AND ALSO
OF EXTRACTING THE FOUL AIR PROM MINES AND PITS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION,
AND OF REGULATING THE DEGREE OF HEAT, AND OF GIVING HEAT AND A CONSTANT
SUCCESSION OF FRESH AIR TO HOUSES IN GENERAL, WAREHOUSES, CHURCHES,
THEATRES, HOTHOUSES, HOSPITALS, WORKHOUSES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS, AND ALSO
MANUFACTORIES;" in which said Letters Patents there is contained a proviso, that
if I, the said Robert Howden, shall not particularly describe and ascertain the

page_text: nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be
enrolled in His Majesty's Iligh Court of Chancery within four calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the
said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby
granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the said
recited Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Robert Howden, do hereby declare that my said Invention is particularly
described and ascertained in the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof, that is to say :-
Fig. 1 represents how a common fire-place a may be rendered more useful
by the assistance of the pipe b, for extracting the foul air out of the holds
of ships, pits, &c. &c. The pipe 6 must be made long enough to reach
to the bottom of the place from whence the foul air is to be extracted,
and must enter into the chimney a little above the neck, as represented in the
said Figure 1; but in order to make it operate more quickly, it will be neces-
sary to cover the front of the chimney, down to the fire, by what is commonly
called a blower, or in any other convenient way that will best answer the
purpose.
Figure 2 represents a front view of the inside of a foul air extractor, and
shews how foul air may be extracted by a small quantity of fire, and diffusing
a considerable degree of heat. c represents the pan which contains the fire;
d is a partition which surrounds the bottom of the fire-pan, to prevent the
cinders from falling down the air pipe g, c, and also prevents the air from
operating too strongly on the fire, as the air is obliged to go over the top of the
partition d to keep the fire alive, but the greatest part of the air passes by f,f
and comes in contact with the heat and smoke above the partition e, e, when
it ascends the pipe p with great velocity, and causes a quick succession of air,
which is brought up the pipe g.
Figure 3 represents a front view of the outside of the foul air extractor,
Figure 2. i represents a door where the fire is supplied with fuel, which may
either be single or double; k represents the ash-pan, which is made to draw
out; t, t, represents two registers, which being in, confines the whole of the
air to the fire, and causes a much greater heat, but a less draught of air; m
represents a register, which, being shut in, stops the operation of the machine;
the air passage may either be made through the middle of the fire on one side.
or sides, or round it.

page_text: Figure 4 represents a method of extracting foul air by fanners. n, at the
top, represents the pipe above the fans, through which the air passes upward,
or in any other directions, and, as far as may be necessary, at the same time
air comes up the bottom pipe n, to supply the place of that which is thrown off
by the turning of the small wheel 0; but in order to increase its velocity, a
larger wheel p may be applied; the small wheel o being fixed in the axle of
the pans, as 'represented in Figure 5, which is the principal agent by which
the foul air is extracted; the air passes from the bottom pipe in Figure 6, c, the
case of Fig. 4, through the hole t, into the ears v, and comes in contact with
the fanners through the hole f, and is thrown up the top pipe; the passage of
the air is the same on the opposite side. 9 represents the cylinder which
encloses the fanners, excepting an aperture at the top for the air to pass off.
Figure 7 is to represent a pair of air extractors on the bellows principle. u
represents the air pipe which conveys the air upwards; and enters the pipe which
lay alongs the floor or deck of a ship, on the top of it, at w, which is intended to
convey the air to the bellows at letters x and y; at the bottom of the bellows
is a valve, which opens to admit the air as the top rises, but as soon as it is
full, the valve shuts, and the top presses downwards. A valve may be placed
in the pipe at 7, which opens and conveys the air up the pipe b, b, and so with
the other bellows, while one is discharging, the other is filling. Another
advantage is in the top being free to rise all round, consequently may be made
to extract much more air at one stroke than it is possible to do with those
which work only at one end or side; they also may be made to have the top
fixed, and the bottom to work, or as Figure 8, the top and bottom may be fixed,
and the middle board or plate, as represented at h, h, may be worked up and
down, the form of which is represented i, i, with two valves, which are to open
as the said board or plate h, h, drops and admits the air into the upper part of
the extractor, which is brought up the pipe e, e, through a valve which is placed
at the bottom of the extractor, and which opens as the partition h, h, ascends,
which throws the air up the pipof, f; the valve, however, may either be fixed
to the bottom or the top of the extractors. k, k, represents a rod fixed in the
centre of the partition i, i, or h, h, which passes through the top board g, g, and
is fastened by a rope or chain to a lever, as represented in Figure 8; two of
the extractors may be worked at the same time to one pipe, as represented in
Figure 7, or I work my said air extractors in any other convenient way.
Figure 9 represents a method of extracting foul air on the pump principle,
which operates similar to Figure 8. The cylinder n, n, should be much
larger where the sucker o, o, is to work than in a common pump; the sucker
o, o, should be made to fit the cylinder as accurate as possible, at the same time

page_text: leaving sufficient room for it to move up and down without touching the sides
of the cylinder. And in order that it may work regular; it will be necessary
that one, two, or more perpendicular rods be fastened to the top and bottom of
the cylinder, as pointed out by dots on the top of it, and passing through the
sucker o, o, at the places represented by the dots; the air passes up the pipe u
through a valve at the bottom of the cylinder, and is carried upward by the
sucker, and passes through the pipe m, m; this also may be worked double,
similar to Figure 7.
Figure 10 represents an air extractor on the principle of a stove or furnace,:
with its different sorts of pipes for communicating heat, and a circulation of
air differing a little from the other extractors or stoves, Figure 2 and 3, being
better adapted for churches, hothouses, manufactories, &c. &c. where one, two,
or more may be used at once, as may be necessary, though in some cases the
other may be preferred. t, t, represents the stove, which contains the fire; q, q,
represents the pipe which conveys the air into the bottom of the stove, and
which blows up the fire; the other end of it may lead through the wall, par-
tition, or any other convenient place of the hothouse or building where it may
be used; x, x, represents an air case surrounding the outside of the stove
where the fire is contained, and the air is heated in it, which is supplied from
the pipe p, p, through the wall or partition. When it is heated round the
stove, it discharges the heated air in the hothouse at v, v, one hole at least will
be necessary to lead through the top of the hothouse or building at the farthest
end from the stove or most convenient place, in order to let the air out, that a
succession of fresh hot air may be introduced; S, S, is an air pipe, enclosing
the smoak pipe at the top of the hothouse, large enough to let the air pass
between the air pipe S, S, and the smoak pipe r, r, but if the hothouse,
church, &c., requires it, any other stove may be used, such as Figure 11, at the
other end, side, or place proper for it. It will supply the place of an air hole
at the top S, S, as this stove will be supplied with air in the hothouse or
church, &c., from-the-opening-of-the-air-box-v,-v,-and-cause-a-better-circulation
of hot air through the hose from the air case x, x; it will need no air pipes like
the other stove, Figure 10. The smoak pipe in Figure 10 may be made to
assist in heating many rooms, provided the air are tolerably air-tight, and no
chimnies to let air escape, excepting from one room to another through proper
apertures, which may be done by air pipes, as S; S, enclosing the smoak pipe
through every floor, wall, or partition, and roof or top of the building; but a
common fire-place or stove, with its chimney, may be placed in the uppermost
room, which will cause a better circulation of warm air through all the other
rooms where the pipes are conveyed, in which case the roof or top will not:need

page_text: the air pipe S, S, as the fire with its chimney carries off the air. When the
smoke pipe goes through many rooms on the same floor, it will be necessary
to carry the top of the chimney conveniently high, in order to produce a proper
draught, or Figure 10 may be used in some cases, without the assistance of the
air pipe S, S, or the small stove, Figure 11, or the air pipe q, q, and likewise
taking off the ash-pan u, u, and at the same time causing a circulation of hot
air without those from one end or side of the hothouse or church, &c. . The
pipe must be made a proper length to convey the hot air as far as may be
wanted, as is represented by the dotted pipe y, y, fixed to the opening of the hot
air case u, u, and as the air is discharged at the further end of the dotted pipe,
it will circulate and gradually return to the bottom of the stove, and blow up the
fire in it, and pass up the smoke pipe r, r, and escape, by which means there
is a constant succession of hot air through the hothouse, church, &c., with little
fire. w, w, is the cover, which is made to take off, to supply the fuel, or a
door may be made in any other convenient part for that purpose, instead of the
dotted pipe y, y, being fixed to air case v, v, it may be fixed to the stove under
the fire grate, the said pipe to be long enough to reach to the other end, side,
or where it may be most convenient in the building, every other part under the
fire grate being first stopt, excepting the aperture where the pipe is fixed, so
as to prevent as little air as possible from passing through the fire, except
through the said air pipe y, y. In this way the hot air will discharge from the
opening v, v, and circulate through the building, and will return through the
air pipe y, y, and blow up the fire, unless there are other ways for it to escape,
which may be necessary in some cases. The more air-tight the buildings are,
the better will be the operation, excepting the places proper for the admission
of air, or the discharging of it, and it must be understood, where any of those
extractors, as described, are used, there must be proper places for the admission
of fresh air to supply the place of what is extracted; one, two, or more of any
of them may be used at once, as may be required.
I would have it understood that altho' .I have given Drawings of my said
Invention, that the same may be better understood, yet that I do not confine
myself thereto, but I do make my said Invention of any convenient shape,
form, or dimensions, and I do vary the same as circumstances may require, and
I do make the same of any materials fit and proper for the purpose.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Howden, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and ten.
ROBT HOWDEN. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Third day of November, in the
year of our Lord 1810, the aforesaid Robert Howden came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the
Statutes made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Third day of November, in the year of our Lord One
Inrolled the Third day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and ten.