New or Improved Manufacture of Peat Briquettes, Peat Coke, and Peat Coke Briquettes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 5'h Feb., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 24th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 30th May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Manufacture of Peat Briquettes, Peat Coke,
and Peat Coke Briquettes.
We, JULIUS AUGUST SOETJE and JOHANNES CARL ALBERT KAHL, both of
33 Kleine Bäckerstrasse, Hamburg, Germany, Merchants, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of peat coke, peat briquettes, and peat
coke briquettes and to a method or process, and apparatus for use in their
production.
The raw peat stuff which is obtained by the aid of suitable appliances, and which
is comminuted, it may be while being obtained, is placed in a pulverized state into
a drying oven, through which it is conducted in thin vertical layers by suitable
appliances and is there dried, partly by exhaust steam from the steam engines
necessary for working, but principally by heating gases produced in the coking
process in a coking oven, and which gases may be burned in a separate combustion
chamber alone, or on the grate of an ordinary fire place together with other fuel.
The mass thus dried, is then either conveyed by suitable conveying devices such,
as for instance, as worms, belts and the like to briquette presses for the purpose
of being made into briquettes, or is conveyed into the coke oven and is there converted
into coke, which can be commercially dealt with as peat coke, or it can with the
addition of peat bitumen, coal tar, oil refuse or oil residues, be made into briquettes,
and brought into trade as peat coke briquettes.
The accompanying drawings illustrate an arrangement of drying and coking ovens
according to this invention.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the drying oven on the line A-B of Fig. 3.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the drying oven and coke oven on the
line D-E of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line F-G of Fig. 1, and on the line F―G¹
of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the line H-K of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a vertical section on the line L-M of Fig. 3.
T is the drying oven which comprises a chamber a closed in on all sides, in which
by means of walls & constructed after the manner of Venetian blinds, compartments h
are formed which serve for the reception of the material to be dried. The other
compartments of the oven are traversed by heating tubes c which are arranged in
such a manner that the heating gases are compelled to follow a zig zag course
through the system of tubes. For this purpose the ends of the tubes are fixed in
boxes d that are common to all and are suitably divided by horizontal partitions f
or open in layers or rows into tubes g which are laterally situated and arranged at
right angles to the whole system and which are suitably connected together.
Under each compartment is a distributing roller i and parallel to that roller a
worm conveyor k, and at right angles to these several worms is a main worm
conveyor which serves to convey out of the oven, the material conveyed to it by
the worms k
As a great quantity of water vapor or steam is produced in the drying process,
and must be carried off, passages m are provided in the oven and connected by
conduits, n with a fan o which draws off the moist air. In order to enable this to be
to be done, the bottoms of the passages are perforated or provided with slits, over
which slides are arranged in order that the degree of suction may be regulated as
desired.

page_text: Fresh air is supplied from the outside through suitable passages p to replace the
moist air drawn off.
The upper air exit passages m are of triangular cross section and serve as
feeding hoppers for the oven; the material to be dried being charged in from above,
and the mass being uniformly distributed by means of the stirring shafts q.
In order that the material charged in, shall not become stuck fast in the
compartments, but shall be continuously carried forwards, the walls b (which as
before stated are constructed after the manner of Venetian blinds) are arranged so
as to be movable, by means of an arrangement as follows:-Two two-armed levers s
are arranged laterally near the walls and to their arms are rotatably connected
four vertical bars, which are arranged in pairs to hold the slats of the several.
walls. The levers being by means of rods t and cranks u, caused, to oscillate, the..
two walls will move vertically in relation to each other and thus prevent the,
material from becoming stuck fast.
According as the material is to be dried to a greater or less degree, or the drying
process is to be effected in a shorter, or longer period of time, the conveying away,
of the material is regulated by the slide e at the lower end of the compartment h.
The oven is provided with a separate fire-place w for use in case the gases from the
coke oven,
and the exhaust steam, should not be sufficient to produce the necessary
heat. To the grate of this fireplace there leads a passage a from the coke oven C
through which the heating gases produced in the coking process are led to be
burned.
The coke oven C itself consists of a coking chamber d' surrounded by double
walls 3.
The space remaining between the walls is in communication by a
passage a' with the fireplace, and communicates by the openings ¹ in the internal.
wall with the coking chamber proper, so that the fire gases can pass directly to the.
coking material.
The coke oven is charged through-an opening g in the roof, and is capable of being,
closed by means of slides; and discharge is effected through the door h¹.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-
The peat stuff to be dried is brought by means of an elevator to the height of
the roof, and from there discharged into the oven, the stirring shafts y distributing
the material uniformly over the several compartments h. The peat stuff. then falls
gradually down between the moving walls; and is in the meantime dried by the heat
given off from the heating tubes. The dried mass falls at the lower end out
through the opening (that can be regulated by the slide v), and is conveyed by the
distributing rolls in a uniform manner to the worms & which convey the same to
the worm that then effects its discharge out of the oven.
According as the dried mass is to be directly made into briquettes, or is to be
first coked, it is conveyed either to the briquette presses or into the coke oven. In
the latter case the dried peat stuff is charged in through the opening and thé fire
on the grate is lighted:
g
5
The fire gases then flow through the passage a', the hollow spaces and the
opening c¹, directly into the material to be coked, and through the latter into the
passage a, through which they, are conducted to the fireplace w of the drying oven,
where they are burned and are utilized for drying. When the coking process is
completed, the peat coke is either conveyed to the presses for the purpose of being,
made into briquettes, or else it is brought directly as peat coke into trade.
As binding agents in the, manufacture of briquettes, we employ peat bitumen,.
coal tar, oil refuse or oil residues, which are added to the coke in a suitablé männer.
Dated this 5th of Da
1001

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Manufacture of Peat Briquettes, Peat Coke, and
Peat Coke Briquettes.
We, JULIUS AUGUST SOETJE and JOHANNES CARL ALBERT KAHL both
of 33 Kleine Bückerstrasse, Hamburg, Germany, Merchants, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to the manufacture of peat briquettes, peat coke, and
peat coke briquettes and relates to a method or process, and apparatus for use in
such manufacture.
The raw peat stuff' obtained by the aid of suitable appliances, and comminuted
it may be while being obtained, is placed in a pulverized state in a drying oven,
through which it is conducted in thin vertical layers, and is there dried, partly by
exhaust steam from a steam engine, but principally by heating gases produced in
the process of coking in a coking oven, and which gases may be burned in a separate
combustion chamber alone, or on the grate of an ordinary fire place together with
other fuel.
The mass thus dried, is then either conveyed by suitable devices such as worms,
belts and the like, to briquette presses for the purpose of being made into briquettes,
or is fed into the coke oven and there converted into coke, which can be com
mercially dealt with as peat coke, or it can with the addition of peat bitumen, coal
tar, oil refuse or oil residues, be pressed into briquettes, to form peat coke
briquettes.
Referring to the drawings filed with our Provisional Specification which
illustrate an arrangement of drying and coking ovens according to this
invention,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the drying oven on the line A B of
Fig. 3.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the drying oven and coke oven on the
line D E of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section partly on the line F-G of Fig. 1, and partly on
the line FG of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the line H-K of Fig. 2; and
Fig. 5 is a vertical section on the line L-M of Fig. 3.
Tis the drying oven comprising a chamber a, closed in on all sides, and provided
with walls in the form of louvres, that form compartments which serve for the
reception of the material to be dried. The other and intermediate compartiments
of the oven are traversed by heating tubes c arranged in such a manner that the
heating gases are compelled to flow in a zig zag course through the system of tubes.
For this purpose the ends of the tubes are fixed in boxes d that are common to all,
the boxes being suitably divided by horizontal partitions ; or the tubes c may
open in layers or rows into tubes g which are laterally situated, arranged at right
angles to the tubes and suitably connected together. At the bottom of each
compartment is a distributing roller and parallel to it is a screw conveyor k.
At right angles to the several screw conveyors is a main screw conveyor
which conveys out of the oven, the material brought to it by the screw
conveyors k.
As in the drying process a great quantity of water vapor or steam is produced
which must be carried off, passages mare provided in the oven which are connected
by conduits n with a fan o which draws the moist air out of the oven.
In order to enable this to be done, the bottoms of the passages are perforated or
provided with slits, over which slides are arranged to work in order that the degree
of suction may be regulated as desired.
Atmospheric air is admitted to the oven through suitable passages p to replace
the,moist air drawn off.

page_text: The upper air exit passages m are of triangular cross section and serve as feeding
hoppers for the oven, the material to be dried being charged in from above, and the
mass being uniformly distributed by means of the stirring shafts
7.
In order that the material charged in, may not accumulate and stick fast in the
compartments, but may be continuously carried forward, the walls or louvres b
are so arranged that they can be moved vertically. For this purpose a number of
levers or rocking beams's are pivoted laterally near the lower ends of the walls b
and to their arms are jointed vertical bars r, the levers and bars being arranged in
pairs to hold the slats of the several walls. On the. oscillation of the levers by
means of rods & connected to the. levers, and cranks u, the two walls or louvres b
forming the sides of each compartment will move vertically in opposite directions
thus preventing material within the compartments from sticking fast.
According as the material is to be dried to a greater or less degree, or the
drying process is to be effected in a shorter or longer period, the conveying away
of the material is regulated by a slide at the lower end of each of the
compartments h.
The drying oven is provided with a separate fire-place w for use in case the gases
from the coke oven, and the exhaust steam available, should not be sufficient to
produce the necessary heat. A passage or flue leads from the coke oven C to the
grate of this fire-place and through it the heating gases produced in the coking
process are led to be burned.
it
The coke oven C consists of a coking chamber & surrounded by double walls y.
The space enclosed between the walls is in communication by a passage a¹ with
the fireplace, and communicates by the openings e in the inner wall with the
coking chamber proper, so that the fire gases can pass directly to the coking
material.
The coke oven is charged through an opening in the roof, which can be closed
by means of slides f¹; the discharge of the coked material is effected through the
door h¹.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-The peat stuff to be dried is
raised by means of an elevator to the height of the roof, and from there discharged
into the oven, the stirring shafts y distributing the material uniformly over the
several compartments h. The peat stuff then falls gradually down between the
vertically moving walls b, and is during its passage through the compartments/
dried by the heat given off from the heating tubes. The dried mass falls out of the
compartments through the openings controlled by the slides and is uniformly
distributed by the rollers i to the screw conveyors and by them conveyed to the
screw conveyor which effects its discharge from the oven.
When the dried mass is to be directly made into briquettes, it is conveyed to
the briquette presses, but if it is to be first coked, it is transferred to the coke oven.
In the latter case the dried peat stuff is charged into the coke oven through the
opening, and the fire on the grate is lighted.
The fire gases then flow through the passage a', the hollow spaces and the
openings c', directly into and through the material to be coked, and thence into the
passage, through which they are conducted to the fire place w of the drying oven,
where they are burned and then utilized for drying. When the coking process is
completed, the peat coke is ready for use as such, or it may if desired be conveyed
to the presses for the purpose of being made into briquettes.
As binding agents in the manufacture of briquettes, we employ peat bitumen,
coal tar, oil refuse or oil residues, which are added to the coke in a similar manner,
to that in which the binding agents are added in the manufacture of briquettes from
brown coals.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. The herein described method or process for the production of peat briquettes

page_text: from peat stuff consisting in drying the peat stuff in a drying oven by means of
the heated and combustible gases obtained in the coking process, with or without
the aid of exhaust steam, and pressing the dried mass into briquettes substantially
as herein described.
2. The herein described method or process for the production of peat coke from
peat stuff consisting in drying the peat stuff in a drying oven by means of the
heated and combustible gases obtained in the coking process, with or without the
aid of exhaust steam, and coking the dried mass in an oven separate from the drying
oven substantially as herein described.
3. The herein described method or process for the production of peat coke
briquettes from peat stuff, consisting in drying the peat stuff in a drying oven by
means of the heated and combustible gases obtained in the coking process, with or
without the aid of exhaust steam, coking the dried mass in an oven separate from
the drying oven, and pressing the coked mass with addition of a binding agent such
as peat bitumen, coal tar, oil refuse or oil residues into briquettes substantially as
herein described.
4. For carrying out the drying operation referred to in the preceding claim, a
drying oven consisting of a chamber a with compartments formed by means of
louvre-like walls between which the material to be dried falls in thin layers so as
to present a large drying surface, heating tubes c traversing the spaces between
the compartments formed by the walls b, and passages such as m for carrying off the
water vapor or steam formed during the drying process, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
5. In an oven of the kind referred to in the preceding claim for drying peat stuff
for use in the manufacture of peat briquettes, peat coke, and peat coke briquettes,
the hereinbefore described arrangement for moving the louvre-like walls b that hold
the peat stuff, comprising cranks u, levers s, rods t connected to said cranks and
levers and adapted to oscillate the latter, and bars connected to the opposite arms
of the levers and to which the slats forming the louvre-like walls are secured,
substantially as herein before described for the purpose specified.
6. The improved drying and coking ovens constructed arranged and operating
substantially as described and shown.
7. Peat briquettes, peat coke, and peat coke briquettes manufactured from peat
stuff substantially in the manner hereinbefore described.
Dated this 24th day of February 1891.