IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY FOR BANK NOTES, SHARE CERTIFICATES, STATE DOCUMENTS, AND THE LIKE Communicated
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY FOR BANK NOTES,
SHARE CERTIFICATES, STATE DOCUMENTS, AND THE LIKE Communicated
"
to him from abroad hxz Edward Musil Manacor of the Panar malzine
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1882.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER APPLICABLE
ESPECIALLY FOR BANK NOTES, SHARE CERTIFICATES, STATE DOCUMENTS AND THE
LIKE a communication to me from abroad by Edward Musil Manager of the
paper making Company of Neusiedl near Vienna in the Empire of Austria
33
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of a yellow fibred paper
especially applicable in preference for the use of State documents, Bank notes,
Cheques, Share certificates and the like.
The manufacture of this new paper is as follows:-
Nearly finished paper-pulp of the ordinary kind is taken, and with it is mixed
intimately and uniformly in the cylinder mill yellow coloured fibres in greater or
less quantity according to requirements. The resulting paper-pulp or stuff is then
drawn from the vat and worked up and finished on the ordinary paper machine.
The colouring of the fibre is obtained by treating vegetable or animal substances,
containing Albumen or albumenous-like ingredients or both together such as raw
Jute, raw linen, raw flax, silk wool, feathers, hairs and the like with diluted
Nitric Acid.
This operation is carried through in the following way: the fibre to be colored
is placed by preference at the ordinary temperature in a bath of diluted nitric

page_text: acid and it is left therein until the desired yellow colour has been acquired of a
uniform and unalterable tint.
The coloured fibre mass is then thoroughly washed at the ordinary temperature
until the water does not show any acid reaction and it is then dried.
The degree of concentration of the nitric acid to be used and the duration of the
treatment in and with it can only be determined by the degree of coloration or tint
desired the more concentrated is the acid.used, the less will be the time required
for obtaining the deepest possible tint, but the.acid ought not to be employed in a
too concentrated state because it would then be liable to destroy the fibre. On
the other hand a too much diluted acid would scarcely produce any colouration or
only after a very long time. The Inventor has found in practice that by mixing
ten to fifty per cent of a marketable Nitric acid of a specific gravity of 1.368 with
one hundred per cent of water and by leaving the fibre mass from twelve to forty
eight hours in the bath, good results are obtained.
The yellow fibred paper obtained by this process is peculiarly applicable for the
manufacture of State papers, Bank Notes, Share Certificates and the like in conse-
quence of its yellow coloured fibres which resist the action of light, air and
chemical agencies and their optical properties are such that these fibres, by being
printed upon, are hardly perceptible, whilst, being submitted to a photographic
exposure. their colour is entirely changed (becoming black) so that an imitation by
this means is impossible,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th March 1883.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER APPLICABLE
ESPECIALLY FOR BANK NOTES, SHARE CERTIFICATES, STATE DOCUMENTS AND
THE LIKE a Communication to me from abroad by Edward Musil Manager of
the Paper Making Company of Neusiedl near Vienna in the Empire of Austria.
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of a yellow fibred paper
especially applicable for State documents Bank Notes and Cheques, Share Certificates
and the like.
The manufacture of this new paper is as follows:-
Nearly finished paper-pulp of the ordinary kind is taken and with it is mixed
intimately and uniformly in the cylinder-mill yellow coloured fibres in greater
or less quantity according to requirements. The resulting paper-pulp or stuff is
then drawn from the vat and worked up and finished on the ordinary paper
machine.
The colouring of the fibre is obtained by treating vegetable or animal substances
containing Albumen or albumenous-like ingredients or both together such as raw
Jute, raw linen, raw flax, Silk, Wool, Feathers, hairs and the like with diluted
Nitric Acid.
This is carried into effect in the following way:-The fibre to be colored is placed
(by preference at the ordinary temperature) in a bath of diluted nitric acid and it
is left therein until the desired yellow colour has been acquired of a uniform and
unalterable tint.
The coloured fibre is then thoroughly washed at the ordinary temperature until
the water does not show any acid reaction and the fibre is then dried.
The degree of concentration of the Nitric Acid to be used and the duration of the
treatment in and with it can only be determined by the degree of colouration or
tint desired-the more concentrated is the acid used, the less will be the time
required for obtaining the deepest possible tint, but the acid ought not to be
employed in a too concentrated state because it would then be liable to destroy
the fibre. On the other hand a too much diluted acid would scarcely produce any
colouration or only after a very long time. My foreign correspondent has found in
practice that good results are obtained by mixing 10 to 50 parts of a marketable
Nitric Acid of a specific gravity of 1.368 with 100 parts of Water and by leaving
the fibre from 12 to 48 hours in the bath.
The yellow fibred paper obtained by this process is peculiarly applicable for the
manufacture of State Papers, Bank Notes or Cheques Share Certificates and the
like in consequence of the fibres containing albuminous matters and treated as
before described not being coloured by any pigment but only by the chemical
action of the nitric acid. The said fibres when the paper is printed upon are
hardly perceptible but if submitted to a photographic exposure their colour is
entirely changed (becoming black) so that fraudulent imitation by this means is
prevented.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is,

page_text: The improvements in the manufacture of paper for Bank Notes Share Certifi-
cates State Documents or the like consisting in producing a Yellow tinted fibre as
herein before described and employing the same in the production of the paper
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore explained.
In witness whereof I the said John Henry Johnson have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal this twenty fourth day of February One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three
J. HENKY JOHNSON (L.S.)