ROV Invention of APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND REGULATING THE HEAT OF BODIES OF AIR OR WATER
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Boyle, of 34, Albert Square, Clapham
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Road, London, Esquire, for the Invention of
APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND REGULATING THE HEAT OF BODIES OF AIR
OR WATER."
Sealed the 28th March 1873, and dated the 30th September 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Boyle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th September 1872.
I, HENRY BOYLE, of 34, Albert Square, Clapham Road, London,
Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND REGULATING THE HEAT OF BODIES OF AIR
OR WATER," to be as follows:-
A hollow double cylinder of metal (I), closed top and bottom of the walls
thereof, containing water between the inner and outer shell. Three or
more pipes (2, 2, 2,) are passed through it as chimneys. There is a
tap (4) in the top and a pipe (3) in the side. The side pipe (3) com-
municates with a glass tube (5) bent to the form of a U with one end
longer than the other. Attached by a piece of flexible tube (12) to
tube (5) is a slender glass pipe (10) bent up near the end and terminating
in an open bulb (9); this bulb is suspended to one end of a balance (7),

page_text: and a weight (8) is hung upon the other end. The machine being
filled with water, mercury is poured into tube (5) until the pressure of
the water supports the mercury, which then rises in tube (10) until
balanced by weight (8).
For heating with oil two oil trays are attached to a plate of metal,
one being fixed (14) the other (15) turning upon a pivot, and so arranged
that the fixed tray shall be under one (or more) chimney pipes, the other
under two. A lever (19) is attached to the pivot tray, and to this a
thread 16 is attached, which after passing under a wheel (17) is
fastened to tube (10). Attached to the pivot tray is a thread with a
weight (21) passing over another wheel (18); the tendency of this
weight (21) is to pull the tray forward and with it its lamps (13) away
from the furnaces (2,2,).
When the heat expanding the water drives the mercury towards the
bulb the weight of the mercury overpowering the weight at the end of
the lever (7) draws the lever down, upon which the strain upon the lever
end of the pivot tray being slackened, the tray weight pulls the tray
from under the furnaces, thereby cutting off the heat. As the cylinder
then cools, the mercury withdrawing enables the lever weight (8) to lift
the lever or balance, which lifts the bulb which draws the lever of the
pivot tray forward, thereby placing the lamps again under the furnaces,
and so on.
One or two lamps will be used on the moveable tray, according to the
beat required, as two moveable lights would waste if one were enough
for regulation.
For gas the pivot of the upper balance (7) is the tap of the gas (6),
and as it rises and falls it regulates the supply of flame to fixed burners
below. The chimneys are fitted with a tube (22) to economise heat by
causing the heat, the mouth of the chimney being stopped by the tube,
to descend until it finds an orifice near the bottom of the tube. Attached
to the cylinder is a chimney (11) to receive the lamps when pushed
from under the furnaces. The stationary lamp (or lamps) is for use
when great heat is required. There are two springs (23) which regulate
the action of pipe (10), as otherwise the mercury would rise or fall too
quickly. The bulb is to hold any excess of mercury.
For heating with hot water the water would be contained within the
central part of the cylinder, and circulating pipes would pass through

page_text: the double sides or over the sides if necessary, the top being in that casc
closed. The tap (4) is for the escape of air in filling with water; to set
it the heat is raised to the wished degree and mercury abstracted or
added until the lever (7) is balanced.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Boyle in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
BOYLE, of 34, Albert Square, Clapham Road, London, Esquire, send
grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Boyle, Her special licence
that I, the said Henry Boyle, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Henry Boyle, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING
AND REGULATING THE HEAT OF BODIES OF AIR OR WATER," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Henry Boyle, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Boyle, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet
of Drawing and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
|sav):-

page_text: My Invention relates to improved self-acting apparatus for maintain-
ing an equable temperature, chiefly applicable for the purpose of
incubating, forcing, and such like.
The regulator consists of a closed cylindrical vessel filled with water,
and wholly or partly surrounded by a jacket or casing also filled with
water but having no communication with the vessel. In connection
with the upper part of this vessel is a U shaped tube of glass, one leg
being connected to the vessel and the other and shorter leg terminating
in a contracted neck, to which a long slender glass tube is connected by
a flexible joint. This latter tube is disposed in a horizontal or nearly
horizontal position, and is suspended at the other end from one end of
a counterpoised arm or balance. The vessel and tubes having been first
filled with water, mercury is poured into the open end of the jointed
tube, and displacing the water fills the shorter leg and so much of the
tube as will cause the latter to balance the counterweighted arm when
the water in the vessel is at the temperature it is desired to maintain.
Heat is applied either directly to the vessel by which it is transmitted to
the water in the jacket, or the jacket is heated and the heat transmitted
to the water in the vessel.
For incubating purposes, for plant cases, and wherever the object to be
heated is small the first arrangement is preferred; and in the case of an
incubator the water in the jacket circulates through a waterproof bag
in connection therewith, and in contact with the eggs to be hatched.
For hothouses, rooms, and such like the jacket is preferably con-
nected with the ordinary hot water circulating pipes which are heated
by the usual means, the licat being transmitted from the jacket to the
regulator vessel.
For plant cases the water rising from the jacket will circulate through
a cage of pipes surrounding the plants, which would be placed in a
pot received in a recess or chamber sunk in the top of the regulator
vessel.
The action of the regulator is as follows:-The mercury in the onc
leg of the U tube being supported therein and at a certain height in the
balanced tube by the water in the closed vessel and the other leg, and
the said tube being exactly balanced by the counterpoised arm when
the desired temperature is attained it follows that when any increase in
temperature takes place the mercury is caused to rise in the tube, which

page_text: hereby overcomes the counterpoise and sinks. This movement is caused
o decrease or check the supply of heat by reducing the size or number
of flames (when gas jets or lamps are employed), or by closing a damper
or dampers in other cases. The heat is again restored when an opposite
movement of the tube is produced by the falling of the mercury in the
tube consequent on a decrease in the temperature of the water in the
ossel
IN LAGU Iveying appar (16:10
thereby overcomes the counterpoise and sinks. This movement is caused
to decrease or check the supply of heat by reducing the size or number
of flames (when gas jets or lamps are employed), or by closing a damper
or dampers in other cases. The heat is again restored when an opposite
movement of the tube is produced by the falling of the mercury in the
tube consequent on a decrease in the temperature of the water in the
tessel
By the use of water in the closed vessel I obtain nearly the same
result as would be obtained by an equal quantity of mercury (as the
expansion of the two by heat is almost the same), but at much less
expense. I use mercury in the U tube merely for the sake of its greater
weight.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings shows a plan, and Figure 2
a front elevation of my improved heat regulating apparatus, while
Figure 3 is a vertical section on line 1-1, Figure 2; Figure 4 shows a
horizontal section on line 2-2, Figure 2. Similar letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts in all the Figures.
The apparatus is here described as adapted for use in connection with
an incubator (not shown). In this case as it is important that the
slightest rise in temperature should be checked by an immediate
reduction in the supply of heat the latter is applied to the regulator
vessel itself, whence it is transmitted to the incubator proper. a is a
closed cylindrical vessel of sheet metal filled with water; b is the syphon
tube connected at with the top of the vessel a by a flexible but non-
clastic tube, which may be of india-rubber bound round with some
non-clastic material. To the other leg 62 is attached by a piece of
india-rubber tube the long slender tube c, which is bent upwards at the
other end and terminates in the open bowl or funnel d. This end is
suspended by a cord d¹ from one end of an arm e pivoted at e' and
counterweighted at e sufficiently to maintain tube c when filled to a
certain height with mercury in a nearly horizontal position. The
mercury is supported in the stem c and leg &* owing to the incom-
pressibility of the water in vessel a and leg b. The vessel a is traversed
by flues or chimneys placed diagonally or otherwise, and opening out
through the top or side of the box in which the apparatus is enclosed.
Beneath the open mouths f' of each is an oil lamp h; if gas be employed
as the source of heat one or more burners, each placed beneath a

page_text: chimney f, may be used, and the heat may be regulated by making
the pivot e' of arm e a cock on a tube i, as shown, to regulate the supply
of gas passing through the tube which leads to the burner. In the
Drawing I have however shown oil lamps in position. ; is a shallow oil
tray in which are a number of floating lights or oil lamps one under 5
cach chimney. The tray is mounted on a vertical pivot ¹ situate
preferably directly beneath one of the oil lamps, so that when the tray
is partly rotated all the lamps but one may be withdrawn from beneath
the vessel a. The tray is connected by a cord ³ passing round a pulley k³
with the extremity of tube c; k' is a pendent weight attached to the 1
tray by a cord passing over pulley to swing said tray forward (as
seen in dotted lines in Figure 4) immediately the tube c sinks to the
position shown in dotted lines, Figure 2, the rising of the tube returning
said tray to position; is the metal casing or jacket surrounding vessel a
filled with water, to which is connected a waterproof bag by flexible 1
tubes, said bag being laid upon the eggs which are disposed on suitable
trays above vessel a, but not shown in the Drawings; r is a loop in
which tube c moves; it serves as a stop to prevent said tube moving
higher or lower than necessary; are holes for the insertion of a peg
when gas is used to prevent the tube falling so low as to extinguish the 2
gas; the position of this peg must be adjusted as required according
to the pressure in the gas supply pipe, which is generally liable to
occasional variations; & are small india-rubber springs attached above
and below tube c for the purpose of rendering the rise and fall of said
tube gradual, and preventing any sudden movements which would 2
cause equally sudden variations in the temperature; 3 is a cock to allow
the air contained to escape when filling the vessel with water.
The whole apparatus is to be enclosed in a suitable non-conducting
case provided with openings for the flues or chimneys f, and with a
spare flue f* outside of vessel a for the heat of the lamps in tray j to 3
escape at when moved from under vessel a.
Instead of heat being applied to vessel a the jacket may be in con-
เ
nection with a system of hot water circulation pipes. In this case heat
would be transmitted from the jacket to the vessel a, the heat of said
jacket and consequently of the circulation pipes being regulated as 3
before by the rise and fall of tube c, which would open or close certain
dampers suitably arranged, the gas or lamp flames being of course not
required.

page_text: This improved heat regulating apparatus may also be applied to other
purposes besides those above indicated, as for instance mushroom beds,
chemical or medical baths, also for regulating the passage of the heated
air through the flues above sunlights; in the latter case the jacket
would communicate with a coil of pipes placed in the flue, and the
balanced arm c would be connected to a suitable damper (balanced so as
to be easily moved) which would be opened wider in proportion as the
temperature of the current passing through the flue increases.
I employ a vessel of oylindrical form as being more capable of resisting
the internal pressure exerted by the weight of the mercury on the water
confined therein. The two ends of the vessel may be connected by a
rod or stay o to prevent bulging.
The advantages of the apparatus of my Invention are, that it is at
once simple and efficient, automatic in its action, not easily put out of
order, and can be cheaply made..
Having described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim as my
Invention to be protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,-
1st. A closed vessel containing water heated in any of the ways
described, combined with a bent tube 6 having a balanced tube c jointed
thereto and containing a column of mercury, the whole arranged, applied,
and operating substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein-
before described and explained in the Drawings.
2ndly. The use of a movable tray for oil lamps operated by the
regulator in such manner as to remove the actual source of heat, sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Boyle, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.