CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER MOTIVE POWER, AND IN THEIR GEARING FOR CONNECTING THEM WITH MACHINERY. AND IN THE MEANS OF LUBRICATING SUCH ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William MacNaught, of Rochdale, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
ENGINES WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER MOTIVE POWER, AND IN THEIR
GEARING FOR CONNECTING THEM WITH MACHINERY. AND IN THE MEANS OF
LUBRICATING SUCH ENGINES."
Sealed the 28th July 1857, and dated the 17th March 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William MacNaught at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th March 1857.
I, WILLIAM MACNAUGHT, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER MOTIVE POWER, AND

page_text: IN THEIR GEARING FOR CONNECTING THEM WITH MACHINERY, AND IN THE MEANS
OF LUBRICATING SUCH ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, of a novel mode of working an air
pump, in such engines as have no beam, by the employment of a shaft
attached in a peculiar manner to the fly wheel shaft, and driven by spur
gear from the said fly wheel shaft, the attached shaft to have either a
crank or a pin in the face of its spur wheel to work the air pump, the
said spur gear to be (where the speed is quick) such as to induce a
variable speed of rotation of the said crank or pin, which may be effected
by means of eccentric wheels. And I intend the slowest part of the
motion to be adjusted so as to operate when the air pump bucket is
meeting the water, and also when it is delivering it, with a view to
lessen the concussion of such meeting with and delivery of the water.
Secondly, of a novel construction of parallel motion for guiding the
top of the piston rod, and consists of a radius rod steadied at one end
by a slide, instead of by links as heretofore.
Thirdly, of a novel construction of air pump to make both the up
strokes and down strokes thereof available in clearing the condenser,
and consists in constructing the barrel of the air pump with an annular
opening connected to a branch, which branch is in connection with the
" eduction."
Fourthly, of a novel construction of air pump buckets, which is also
applicable to pistons generally, and consists in forming each of the
packing rings with a flange, which encircles the top and bottom plates
of the bucket or piston, instead of being wholly confined between such
said plates, as heretofore practised.
Fifthly, of an improvement in the means of communicating motive
power from steam engines to machinery, and consists in making the
teeth of such gear about twice the usual length, and about half the usual
breadth, and this in combination with a shroud or shrouds to support
and strengthen such lengthened teeth.
Sixthly, of improved modes of lubricating pistons, valves (or other
parts of machinery generally), that is to say:-
1st. The place into which the lubricant is conveyed is the internal
surface of cylinders of engines, or the shells of piston valves through
holes from the outside to the inside of such cylinders or shells, or
generally to the stationary surface upon which any description of slide
valve or piston works or rubs in performing its mechanical functions.
2nd. The mode of conveying the lubricant unto the said stationary

page_text: surfaces, which I propose to effect either by translation or by a force
pump; by translation is meant conveying the lubricant from one vessel
(which contains the said lubricant as a reservoir) unto another vessel,
which is in direct communication with the above-mentioned holes.
Both of the aforesaid vessels may be maintained by means of proper
communications in a state of equilibrium of pressure as regards steam
or atmosphere. This I propose to effect either by means of plungers
having annular grooves, which grooves by an intermittent mechanical
motion pass alternately from the aforesaid reservoir to the vessel of
communication with the holes, and vice versa, or by a revolving cylinder
with a number of cavities in its surface corresponding to the number of
holes in the surface to be lubricated, which cavities by the revolution
of the cylinder pass alternately from the aforesaid reservoir to the vessel
in communication with the said holes, and vice versa; the actual manner
of both these modes of translation can be much varied. I propose also
to convey the lubricant to the said holes by a force pump worked by any
suitable manner.
The connection of the vessel of communication to the
said holes is by separate tubes leading from each plunger or cavity or
force pump to its corresponding hole in the side of the cylinder.
The last part of this Invention relates to certain improvements upon
a former patent, dated the 10th day of April 1855, No. 785, granted to
one Samuel Fielding, jun'. of Green, in the Township of Weirdle and
Wardle, in the Parish of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, for
"Improvements in apparatus for oiling or lubricating the pistons of steam.
engines."
The principal features of novelty of this present Invention consists in
adapting valves, clacks, or other similar mechanical contrivances to the
reservoir and vibrating beam of such said apparatus, for the purpose of
getting rid of the pressure of the motive power in the cylinder, or effect
of the vacuum upon the oil contained in said reservoir, which in practice
I have found very objectionable in Fielding's apparatus.
T
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William MacNaught in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 17th September 1857.

page_text: greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said William McNaught, Her special licence that I, the said
William McNaught my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William M'Naught, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER
MOTIVE POWER. AND IN THEIR GEAR FOR CONNECTING THEM WITH MACHINERY,
AND IN THE MEANS OF LUBRICATING SUCH ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William McNaught, my executors or adminis-
trators; by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said William McNaught, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention is comprised under seven separate heads; under the
first head my said Invention consists of a novel mode of working an air
pump, in such engines as have no beam, by the employment of a shaft
attached in a peculiar manner to the fly wheel shaft, and driven by spur
gearing from the said fly wheel shaft, the attached shaft to have either
a crank or a pin in the face of its spur wheel to work the air
pump, the
said spur gear to be (where the speed is quick) such as to induce a
variable speed of rotation of the said crank or pin, which may be
effected by means of excentric wheels. And I intend the slowest part
of the motion to be adjusted, so as to operate when the air pump bucket
is meeting the water, and also when it is delivering the same with a

page_text: view to lessen the concussion of such meeting with and delivery of the
water.
Under the second head, my said Invention consists of a novel con-
struction of parallel motion for guiding the top of the piston rod by
means of a radius rod steadied at one end by a slide, instead of by links
as heretofore practised.
Under the third head, my said Invention consists of a novel construc-
tion of air pump to make both the up-strokes and down-strokes thereof
available in clearing the condenser, which I effect by constructing the
barrel of the air pump with an annular opening connected to a branch,
which said branch is in connection with the "eduction."
Under the fourth head, my said Invention consists of a novel con-
struction of air pump bucket, which is also applicable to pistons
generally, which I effect by forming each of the packing rings with a
flange, which encircles the top and bottom plates of the bucket or piston,
instead of being wholly confined between such said plates, as heretofore
practised.
Under the fifth head my said Invention consists of an improvement in
communicating motive power from steam engines to machinery, which I
effect by making the teeth of such geer about twice the usual length,
and about half the usual breadth, and this in combination with a shroud
or shrouds to support and strengthen such lengthened teeth.
Under the sixth head, my Invention consists of improved modes of
lubricating piston valves (or other parts of machinery generally), that
is to say, first, the place into which the lubricant is conveyed is the
internal surface of cylinders of engines, or the shells of piston valves
through holes from the outside to the inside of such cylinders or shells,
or generally to the stationary surface, upon which any description of
slide valve or piston works or rubs in performing its mechanical functions.
Second, the mode of conveying the lubricant unto the said stationary
surfaces, which I propose to effect either by translation or by a force
pump by translation is meant conveying the lubricant from one vessel
(which contains the lubricant as a reservoir) unto another vessel, which
is in direct communication with the above mentioned holes. Both of
the aforesaid vessels may be maintained by means of proper communi-
cations in a state of equilibrium of pressure as regards steam or atmo-
sphere. This I propose to effect either by means of plungers having
annular grooves, which said grooves by an intermittent mechanical
motion pass alternately from the aforesaid reservoir to the vessel of

page_text: communication with the holes, and vice versa, or by a revolving
cylinder with a number of cavities in its surface, corresponding to the
number of holes in the surface to be lubricated, which said cavities by
the revolution of the cylinder pass alternately from the aforesaid
reservoir to the vessel in communication with the said holes, and vice
versa. The actual manner of both these modes of translation can be
much varied. I propose also to convey the lubricant to the said holes
by a force pump, worked in any suitable manner. The connection of
the vessel of communication to the said holes is by separate tubes lead-
ing from each plunger or cavity or force pump to its corresponding hole
in the side of the cylinder.
Under the seventh and last head of this my Specification, my Inven-
tion consists of certain improvements upon a former Patent granted to
one Samuel Fielding, junior, of Green, in the Township of Weirdle and
Wardle, in the Parish of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, for
"Improvements in apparatus for oiling or lubricating the pistons of
steam engines."
The principal feature of novelty of this present Invention consists in
adapting valves, clacks, or other similar mechanical contrivances to the
reservoir and vibrating beam of such said apparatus, for the purpose of
getting rid of the pressure of the motive power in the cylinder, or effect
of the vacuum upon the oil contained in said reservoir, which in practise
I have found very objectionable in Fielding's apparatus.
In order to explain my said Invention as completely as possible, I now
proceed to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying
the same into practical effect, referrence being had to the illustrative
Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the numeral figures and
letters of reference marked thereon respectively, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a diagram illustrative of my improved mode of working
air pumps, as described under the first head of this my Specification.
Figure 2 is a diagram illustrative of the novel construction of parallel
motion, referred to under the second head of this my Specification.
Figure 3 is a transverse and vertical section of an air pump con-
structed according to my improved method, referred to under the third
head of this my Specification.
Figure 4 is a section of an air pump bucket, referred to under the
fourth head of this my Specification.

page_text: Figure 5 is a diagram illustrative of my improved mode of construct-
ing bevil geer, having reference to the sixth part of my said Invention.
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, respectively exhibit views of
improved lubricating apparatus, as referred to under the seventh head
of this my Specification.
At each of the foregoing Figures I employ similar letters of reference
to denote corresponding parts, in so far as such parts appear or can be
seen at each of such said Figures respectively.
As regards Figure 1, A is a fly wheel or crank shaft; B, B, are
toothed wheels, made oval and set, so that the longitudinal axis of one
of said wheels is in a line with the transverse axis of the other wheel,
so as to induce a variable rotatory motion of the shaft C. At D there
is a crank, which works the air pump. The pin of this crank must be
so placed as to cause the motion of the air pump bucket to be at its
slowest when meeting with and delivering the water. As regards
Figure 2, A is a piston rod; B, radius rod; C, parallel rod; D, gudgeon,
guided by a slide (not shewn), so as to move horizontally. As regards
Figure 3, A is the barrel of an air pump; B, an annular cavity, com-
municating with the branch pipe C externally, and internally with the
annular slit D. When the bucket is below this slit, the condenser is in
communication with the upper portion of the air pump, and will con-
sequently partake of its complete exhaustion. The said bucket must
pass the slit D before the delivery valve opens. As regards Figure 4,
it consists of a metallic bucket, especially adapted for the air pump
lastly above described (but also useful in air pumps of the ordinary con-
struction), so as to work past the annular sht D with facility, and form
a species of valve to cover the same. a, a, are packing rings (of any
suitable metal), formed with flanges as at A, A, which increases the
breadth of surface of the packing without making the bucket deeper
than usual, thereby preventing the packing wearing into the aforesaid
annular slit D. The above improved packing is also applicable to
pistons generally.
As regards Figure 5, which exhibits a section of a bevil wheel, my
improvement consists in a new proportion of the "length" of the teeth
of wheels to the "breadth" of the same (length and breadth being work-
shop terms). The object sought to be attained by my said improvements
is the same amount of wearing surface in driving gear as at present
with a diminished breadth thereof, which I effect by making the teeth
longer than usual in proportion to the pitch. And to obtain the requisite

page_text: strength in such lengthened teeth I connect the same together up to
the "pitch "line by a web or shroud on each side as at a, a, Figure 5.
As regards Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, they exhibit several
views of my improved lubricating apparatus, referred to under the
seventh head of this my Specification; Figure 6 is a front elevation of
the same, showing the adaptation thereof to certain parts of Fielding's
apparatus, as herein-after fully described; Figure 7 is a side elevation
of said improvements; Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, are detached
portions of my said improvements, hereinafter particularly described
and referred to.
At each of the foregoing Figures I employ similar letters of reference
to denote corresponding parts, in so far as such parts appear or can be
seen at each of such said Figures respectively. I would here remark
that Fielding's apparatus having already been fully described in the
Final Specification of his said Invention, No. 785, I deem it unnecessary
here to enter into any further explanation thereof, and shall at once
proceed to describe the mode of combining my improvements therewith,
as follows, observing that the construction of my said improvements
will be better understood by referring to Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, where A'
marks a casting, having holes or openings B, B and C formed therein.
The openings B, B', are simply circular passages or conduits for the oil
to pass through from the reservoir D; B is the induction opening; and
B' the eduction. Into this last-mentioned opening the pipe E is securely
fixed, and communicates with the interior of the piston in the cylinder,
in a similar manner to that before described in the Specification of the
former Patent, No. 785. The opening C, which should be turned or
bored perfectly true and cylindrical, is fitted with a hollow piece of
metal G of the following construction;--The upper part thereof is
formed with an inclined plane a and upright edge b. H is a worm wheel
formed around the piece G. The teeth of this wheel take into a worm I,
fixed to or formed upon the spindle K, as at Figures 6 and 7; or instead
of the aforesaid worm wheel a cam L (shown at Figure 11, may be
employed), the projecting edge c thereof taking into the spaces between
the teeth of the wheel H. There is an opening d formed in the piece G,
corresponding with the openings B and B' in the piece A. M is a
plunger, and d is the packing thereof, fitting tightly in the cylindrical
opening N, in the piece G; O is a weight, sufficiently heavy to force
the oil into the cylinder, as herein-after described; P is a piece of metal
or arm, securely fixed into the plunger M. This arm when the apparatus

page_text: is in use rests against an upright piece of metal f, fixed to the top of
the reservoir D.
The effect of this arrangement is as follows:-Suppose the engine to
be in motion, and the cam g (on the driving shaft) to impart motion to
the pall h, ratchet i, and worm I, or cam X, shewn at Figure 11, such
motion will be transmitted to the piece G and produce rotatory motion
thereof; and suppose also the hole d in the piece G not to be opposite
to the hole B in the piece A, the incline a coming into contact with
the arm P will raise the plunger M, and thereby cause a partial vacuum
in the cavity beneath said plunger, and by the time the plunger has been
raised to its full extent, the hole d will be brought opposite to the hole
B, and thus establish a communication between the opening B and the
reservoir D, the oil therefrom rushing into the vacuum. The piece. G
continuing to rotate will cut off the communication between the holes d
and B; and by the time this is effected the part 6 of the piece G will
have escaped from the arm P, and the hole d be brought opposite to
the hole B', when the gravitating power of the weight O will cause
'the plunger M to descend and force the oil up the pipe E into the
cylinder of the engine, and thereby lubricate the piston thereof, as
before stated in Fielding's Specification of Patent, No. 785. The piece
G continuing to rotate will again raise the plunger M, and fill the cavity
beneath the said plunger with oil, which is forced into the cylinder of
the engine, as before stated, and so on at each entire rotation of the
piece G.
Other modes of getting rid of the pressure of the motive
power in the cylinder, or effect of the vacuum upon the oil in the
reservoir, are exhibited at Figures 12 and 13, same being more particu-
larly intended to be used with Fielding's aforesaid Invention of 10th
April 1855, No. 785. At Figure 12, my Invention consists in adapting
a valve A to the vibrating beam B of the lubricator, so that when the
beam is down (as exhibited), the passage of communication between the
oil in the reservoir, and the barrel C of the pump, shall be entirely
shut off, and thus prevent sucking or blowing of the oil. At Figure 13,
I obtain a similar result to the foregoing by adapting a cock A to the
pipe B leading to the cylinder of the engine, and affixing a tappet piece
C to the plunger of the pump, so that as that said plunger descends it
shall open the cock A by coming into contact with the lever D fixed upon.
said cock. The spring E is for the purpose of keeping the cock A closed
during the ascent of the plunger.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my

page_text: said Invention of "Certain improvements in engines worked by steam or
other motive power, and in their gear for connecting them with
machinery, and in the means of lubricating such engines," together with
the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same into practical
effect, I would remark, in conclusion, that I hereby declare my Inven-
tion to consist in, and I claim under the first head of my said Invention,
the oval or excentric wheels marked B, B, at Figure 1, for the purpose
of inducing a variable speed of rotation of the crank or pin, to which
the air-pump rod is connected, as above stated.
Under the third head of my said Invention I claim constructing an
air pump with an annular cavity and slit marked B, D, at Figure 3,
for the purpose of making both the up and down strokes for the bucket
available for clearing the condenser, as above stated.
Under the fourth head of my said Invention I claim constructing
packing rings of pistons and buckets with a flange as at A, Figure 4, in
cases where the rings are formed whole, but not when formed in
segments.
Under the fifth head of my said Invention I claim combining shrouds
or webs with the teeth of bevil gear, when the "length" of such teeth
is equal to or greater than the pitch thereof.
Under the sixth head of my said Invention I claim combining the
parts marked a, b, c, B, B', C, D, H, I, M, O, P, X, at Figures 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, with the other parts of the apparatus, already previously
described in the Specification of Fielding's Patent, dated 10th April
1855, No. 785, as above stated.
I further claim the valve A at Figure 12, and cock A at Figure 13,
for the purpose of getting rid of the pressure of the motive power in
the cylinder of an engine, or the effect of the vacuum upon the oil con-
tained in the reservoir, as above stated under the seventh head of my
said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said William M Naught, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
JOHN BUCKLEY,
1, Roach Place, Rochdale.
W MONAUGHT. (L.s.)