IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VENEERS, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH." PROAL
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Dunn, of Windsor Bridge Iron
Works, Pendleton, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and William Gough, of 21, Old Compton Street, Soho,
London, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VENEERS, AND IN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left. by the said Thomas Dunn and
William Gough at the Office of the Commissioners, of Patents,.
with their Petition, on the 26th October 1853.
We, THOMAS DUNN and WILLIAM GOUGH, do hereby declare the
5 nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF VENEERS, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention relates to the preparing of those sorts
of woods which are hard; knotty, cross and irregularly grained, so as to
soften and render them as clastic as possible,. that they may submit to
and thereby facilitate our process of cutting, which otherwise with some.
.

page_text: woods would be impracticable. The process of preparation here re-
ferred to consists in submitting woods intended to be cut to the action
of steam or vapour of water or other vapour in a close vessel for such
duration of time as may be found necessary (varying with the nature
and size of the wood operated upon) to insure the complete action of
the vapour over
over the whole bulk of the wood. The apparatus to be
used for this purpose may be a vessel constructed of boiler plate or
cast iron, and may be of cylindrical or other form, provided with doors
rendered steam-tight, pipes and valves for the admission of steam or
vapour, and for the outlet of condensed steam or vapour; the outlet
pipe may be a syphon of any length required to balance the pressure of
steam or vapour intended to be used; the vessel may also be provided
with safety valves, tramways, perforated or false floors (to admit of the
draining and carrying off of fluids), and otherwise adapted to facilitate
the placing and removal of logs or wood to be prepared; and for the
purpose of economising heat the vessel may be covered with felt or
other non-conductor, to prevent as far as possible condensation by the
atmosphere.
The second part of our Invention relates to the proces of cutting
woods into veneers prepared by the process the nature of which has
been described in the first part of our Invention, which consists in
the use of a knife or plane bit (equal to the length of the log to be
cut, and with an addition for any lateral motion the knife may
require), and in cutting the logs across the side, that is, longitu-
dinally and parallel to the axis of the log. The knife has motion
imparted to it varying, with the character of the wood to be cut; first,
it will have a common motion to advance it across the log, which in
all cases will be combined with a lateral motion, by which those fibres
of the wood not parallel with the edge of the knife will be severed.
The lateral motion of the edge of the knife may be uniform in one
direction during the cut, but when great lateral motion of the edge of
the knife is required it may be most convenient to reverse the direction,
and that frequently producing a zig-zag or sawing motion of the knife.
The apparatus by which we propose to carry this part of our Invention
into effect is as follows: First; the knife to be employed will have to

page_text: be perfectly.truefon its edge, made of the best steel, and exactly
tempered; and as it may be difficult to produce a knife properly
tempered and straight, we may state, that the bar of steel intended
to be formed into the knife, after being straightened,planed, and
tempered, is ground-to a true and perfectly straight edge-by-a stone
nioving at great-velocity, the knife being secured to a sliding bed,
so as to traverse it backwards and forwards during the process of
grinding. The knife may be strengthened by screwing to it a plate
similar to those used in the ordinary carpenter's plane: The knife
is secured to an holder; this holder moves freely,in guides' or slots,
and it has length extending beyond the guides or slots to allow.ifor
the lateral motions required to be given to the knife, without leaving,
the guidance of the slots. The reciprocating. motion which the knife
requires, we obtain by connecting the knife holder by rods to """crank
pins," or pins revolving round an axis; the connecting rods-permitting
of tlie latéral motion of the knife holder, which may be obtained by
a variety of mechanisin; lateral notions of one or two directions may
be obtained from an arm -jointed to the knife holder; at one end, and
to some fixed point at the other, the extent of motion depending.
upon the length of the radial arm, and position of the fixed end, or
by an incline path or paths, or. slots, with which the end or ends
of the holder is connected by excentric toothed wheels fixed on the
holder, working in and against racks on the sides and by other means;
the zig-zag lateral motion may be obtained from an undulating or zig-
zag path, against which anti-friction bowls placed. at the ends of the
holder work. The log to be cut is secured upon a table provided with
means for advancing the .log at.each.successive slice or cut, such as two
screws which receive motion, from working parts of the machine when'
the knife is clear of the log; this is: accomplished by a tappet, which
strikes a stud (each reciprocation of the knife) fixed in a wheel, or by
the apparatus Known as the.-star wheel or intermittent motion, from
either of which apparatus the motion is conveyed to the screws. There
will be several advantages obtained by placing the plane of the recipro-
cation of the knife at an oblique angle to the horizon, the edge of the
knife longitudinally being level; and towards the lower end of the incline.

page_text: The third part of our Invention relates to the pressing, drying, and
straightening of the veneers when cut; as the veneers, when cut by
the process referred to in the second part of our Invention, are in a
moist 'state, they are liable, if allowed to dry by the influence of the
atmosphere in an unconstrained condition, to become "buckled" and
"curled." This condition would require removing before they were fit
for use; to accomplish this we propose two methods: first, to subject
them shortly after being cut to pressure by passing them between
rollers, or by piling them one on the other with flat plates between
them, and subjecting the whole to pressure to express as much of the
moisture as possible, then placing them in frames to keep them straight
and extended till dry by the action of the atmosphere. Our second
method is similar to the first with respect to the pressing of the veneers,
with the addition that the rollers or plates used are heated, so as to
dry, level, and straighten them while subject to the pressure, dispensing
with the latter process of the first method of extending in frames for
drying. The machinery for these purposes may be similar to the calender
rollers and plate presses used for finishing textile fabrics, modified to
suit these purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Dunn and William Gongh in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 24th April 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
THOMAS DUNN, of Windsor Bridge Iron Works, Pendleton, near
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and WILLIAM
GOUGH, of 21, Old Compton Street; Soho, London, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eiglit hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her 'reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Thomas Dunn and William Gough,
Her especial license that we, the said Thomas Dunn and William Gough,

page_text: our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Thonias Dunn and William Gough; our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully night make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF VENEERS, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas
Dunn and William Gough, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office.
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Dunn and William.
Gough, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what.
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
Drawings (that is to say):
Before entering into the explanation of our Invention we may state,
that in our process the veneers or thin boards are split or cut from the
log by a knife or plane, by which method the whole of the log is con-
verted into veneers; whereas, on an average, one third of the log
is wasted by the mode generally in use at present, in which they are
ent by a saw Now we are aware that this mode of cutting veneers.
or thin boards has been attempted, but we it has not hitherto.
become practicable and useful, which may have been partly owing to
mechanical difficulties, and to the want of some preparatory process in
the wood to be cut to render it, as far as possible, soft and pliant to the
action of the knife, and also a process by which the veneers or thin
boards when cut might be rendered flat and straight. We believe that
by the process of manufacture to be hereafter explained these diffi-
culties are in great part removed, by which means the method of
splitting wood in thin boards or veneers herein referred to will be
rendered applicable to the production of a useful class of veneers.

page_text: Our Invention is divided under three heads: first, preparation of the
wood to be cut; second, cutting or splitting the wood; third, drying
& flattening or straightening, and machinery or apparatus under their
several heads for effecting these purposes...
:
Two Sheets of Drawings are annexed hereto, and as the Figures
thereof will be herein-after severally explained and referred to, we
need not make here any further remark respecting them than to state
that the same letters and figures of reference are used in each Figure
representing the same machine or apparatus to denote the same or
corresponding parts.
'
The first head or part of our Invention relates, as already stated; to the
preparation of woods to be cut, particularly that class which are hard,
knotty, cross and irregularly grained, so as to soften and render them as
pliant and elastic as possible, that. they may submit, and tliereby facili
tate our process of cutting, which otherwise with some woods would
be impracticable. The process of preparation herein referred to con-
sists in submitting woods intended to be cut to the action of steam" or
vapour of water in a close vessel for such duration of time as may be
found necessary (which will vary with the nature and size of the
logs operated upon) to ensure the complete action of the steam or
vapour over the whole bulk of the wood. The apparatus which may
be used for this purpose may be a vessel constructed of boiler plate or
cast iron, and it may be of a cylindrical or any other suitable form,
capable of resisting pressure, having an opening at one end to admit of
the log or logs of wood being placed in it, and provided with a door or
a cover to the opening to render the same steam-tight, and also with
pipes and valves for the admission of steam or vapour, and for the
outlet of steam and condensed steam or vapour; it may also be pro-
vided with a safety valve to allow an escape of excessive pressure,
and its exterior may be covered with felt or other slow conductor to
prevent condensation by the atmosphere as far as possible. Fig. 4.
shews a front view, and Fig. 5, a longitudinal sectional view of the
apparatus which we prefer for this purpose.. a, is the cylindrical casing,
of length sufficient to admit the log or logs to be cut into veneers, and
a', the back end, which may be stayed by gusset stays a²; these parts
of the vessel may be constructed of boiler plates rivetteil together. b, is

page_text: a cast iron front; it is provided on each side with a groove b, in which
the door or cover (c) will slide up and down, and to render it steam-
tight when it is up a margin on the outside of the cover or door. (cx)
and the corresponding part of the front b is truly planed and jointed,
so that the pressure of the steam will keep it close. The door is lifted
up or lowered down by a shaft c, fixed in pedestals or bearings to the
front b, upon which shaft. are keyed two wheels c, which take into two
toothed racks c, formed on or fixed to the front of the door (c*), one
on each side; to save power in lifting the door, pulleys c³ may be keyed
on the ends of the shaft c, and weights et sufficient to balance the door
may be attached by chains, ropes, or straps to the pullies c. The inlet
and outlet for steam may be at any convenient point; the outlet for
condensed steam may be by a syphon pipe d, from the bottom of the
receptacle for the door, the legs of the syphon being of sufficient
length to contain a column of water that will balance the pressure of
steam intended to be employed. e is the safety valve, of any ordinary
construction. To facilitate the placing of logs in and their removal
from this apparatus a skelston tram or carriage f may be employed to
run upon a tram or railway a³, fixed to the sides, which may be con
neeted with one in front of the apparatus (when the door is down) by
hinged rails a'; or otherwise the logs may be pushed or-drawn in (and
supported to admit of the fluids draining-away) by. a. snatch block
secured to the end plate a', or otherwise several rollers may be, placed
in bearings at the bottom of the vessel, over which the logs may be
pushed.
The second head or part of our Invention relates to the cutting
of woods into veneers or thin boards prepared by the process the
nature of which has been already described in the first part of our
Invention. For this purpose we employ a knife or plane bit, equal in
length to the logs to be cut, with an addition for any lateral motion the
knife may require, the logs being. cut across, the side being risen after
each cut equal to the the thickness of the required veneer.
or plane bit has a motion imparted to it varying with the character of
the wood to be cut; first, it has a motion to advance. it over the face of
the log and it may be advisable in all cases to combine this motion
The knife

page_text: with a lateral one; by which those fibres of the wood which are not
parallel with the edge of the knife will be severed. The lateral motion
of the knife may be uniform in one direction during the cut, but when
great lateral motion of the edge of the knife is required it may be most
convenient to reverse the direction, and that frequently producing a
zig-zag or sawing motion of the knife:
We will now describe the machinery by which we accomplish the
purposes above referred to, which is represented by Fig. 1, which is a
side elevation above the ground line, and a sectional elevation below it,
of the machine for cutting veneers or thin boards, and by. Fig. 2, which
is a plan view of the same parallel with the plane of the cut. Fig. 3;
is a sectional view, shewing the mode of fixing the knife or plane bit to
the holder. a, is the base plate, upon, which are secured the side
frames of the machine, which are braced together by x. cross stays;
extending across the machine between the ribs and ², and also by a
cross beam or stay b³. C, is the plate on which the knife or plane bit is
fixed; it is planed perfectly true, and. slides on the top. of the side
frames, which are also truly planed, and it is kept down to the side
frames by the guide bars ; which are secured to each of the side frames
by bolts at 6. The plane of the cut is placed at about an angle of
30 degrees to the horizon. It will be observed in the plan view, Fig. 2;
that there are three wheels d, e, and d¹, the middle one e¹ geering
into both; these wheels are each keyed on shafts d, e, and d, which at
the top work in pedestals d, e, and ", secured to the cross beams;
and at the bottom in steps d', secured on brackets (d³) from the base
plate a; the middle shaft'e receives motion by bevel wheels fand e",
from an horizontal shaft f, on which the first motion or driving
jullies are placed; the centre wheel e thus imparts motion to the
large wheels d', d'. In one arin of each of these wheels a crank pin
is fixed, by which motion is imparted to the plate c, through the con-
necting rods g; several holes are made both in the plate c, and the arms
of the wheels d', by which the length of traverse of the plate may be
altéréd. To produce a zig-zag movement in the plate c (or knife
holder) its edges are corrugated, as shewn, the sunk parts of the cor-
rugations on one side the plate corresponding with the raised parts on

page_text: the other side. Friction bowls h, placed on studs fixed on brackets h¹
screwed to the side frames b, bear against the corrugations; it will be
seen that when the plate c is moved the friction bowls 7 will force it
sideways one way and then the other. When a lateral motion in two
directions is required we obtain it by means of a radius rod i, as shewn
in dotted line attached at one end to a bracket i¹ on the side frame,
and at the other to a pin in the centre of the plate at c. When a
lateral motion in one direction is required we obtain it by removing the
bracket up the side frame, so as to bring it parallel with the plate c,
when in the position in which it is drawn in Fig. 1 and 2; in either of
the last two cases, we scarcely need say the friction bowls h must be
removed; if a simple rectilineous motion is required it is obtained by
fixing the friction bowls on the plate c, (as shewn by the dotted circle c².)
so as to bear against the sides of the guide bars . is the table upon
which the log is secured which is to be cut into veneers; this table is
held and slides up and down in V grooves 6, which are fixed to the side
frames; it is risen or lowered parallel by two screws, one on each
side of the table, which each screw into sockets k, attached to the
under side of the table k. The lower ends of these screws work
in steps (3) and pedestals () (that take between shoulders on the
screws), which are secured in and attached to a cross beam , sus
tained and kept in its position by brackets 6, (descending from the
base plate a, to which they are secured by bolts,) with which the beam
is connected at the sides, as shewn. On the bottom of each of the
screws are keyed wheels of equal diameters ', which both gear with
a centre wheel (^) carried on a stud (fixed in the cross beam b');
this wheel has a bevel wheel secured to it, and geers with another
wheel on the end of the shaft m, which is fixed in bearings carried on
the base plate a, and the cross beam . On the other end of this shaft
another bevel wheel m is keyed, which geers into one on a shaft (sup-
ported in bearings attached to the frames) parallel to the shaft d*,
forming an intermittent motion, known as the star wheel motion. The
plate d, which carries the pin is keyed on the shaft d*, so that each
revolution (and thus each cut) the pin will pass into a notch in the
star wheel n, and advance it one division, the motion being con-

page_text: veyed through the shaft m, and wheels
and,,, to the screws k'.
In order to raise or lower the table by hand the star or notched wheel
ni, must be made loose on its shaft, but the boss of it must be made to
form one half of a clutch box, the other half being moyeable on a fixed
key; by means of this clutch box the screws ', can be engaged or
disengaged with the star wheel. When disengaged the screws will be
at liberty to be turned by hand. To do this a short shaft may be fixed
in bearings, one on the side frame-, and the other on a bracket. from
base plate a, so that a bevel pinion, which must be keyed on one. end
of the shaft, will geer in the bevel wheel keyed on the star wheel shaft;
and so that the other end will just come beyond the side frame sufficient
to form a square for a handle a, to be placed on, by which means
motion will be conveyed to the screws.. The pin plate d', is fixed on
the shaft d*, so that niotion will be conveyed to the star wheel while
the crank is passing the back centre, that is while the knife is clear of
the log. The log or wood to be cut is secured to the table.k, as
follows: Two undercut grooves are formed across the table; in each
groove two lengths of screws are placed, the ends of which come
together in a bearing placed at the middle of the table in eacli groove;
while those ends of the screws which come outside of the table work
in bearings which are secured in the grooves, the action of the screw
being resisted by the side of the bearings against which collars formed
on those ends of the screws work; the ends of the screws are also
formed into squares to give key hold to revolve them. Each of the
screws screw into jaws p', and it is by these that the log to be cut is
held firm upon the table, as they can be screwed separately against
each corner of the log. In addition to the jaw holders on the table
(to render the log still more steady under the cut) an angle beam
may be placed to extend between the side frames, the face of its upper
side being fixed in a position just sufficient to clear the edge of the knife,
and the face of the side perpendicular to the table just clear of the front
of the table. The side of the log will then be permitted to slide against
that face of the beam which is perpendicular to the table as it is forced
up after each cut. The knife which we prefer to use resembles the
common carpenter's plane bit or iron, as will be seen by inspection

page_text: of Fig. 3. c, is the plate or knife holder. c, is a part which is
removable; it serves to guide the veneers or thin boards as they
are cut; it is secured firm in its position by the screws ', which
passes through a slot, and it can be adjusted to the proper distance
from the face of the log by the screws c³; (see Fig. 2). The
knife is first secured to the table by screws, which have a
collar that takes into holes countersunk in the knife 1, above the
collar; the screws have a square formed on them to give key hold to
screw them down, and above the square they are furnished with a
screw thread; the top plate is now put on over the ends of the
screws, and it is screwed down by the nuts 7. The knife or plane bit
will have to be perfectly true on its edge, and made of the best steel,"
and exactly tempered; and as it may be difficult to produce a knife.
properly tempered and perfectly true, we may state that the bar of steel
intended to be formed into the knife, after being straightened, planed,
and tempered, is ground to a true and perfectly straight edge by a
revolving stone, the knife being secured to a sliding bed so as to traverse
it backwards and forwards during the process of grinding. The ma-
chinery which we use for this purpose, and which we also use for
sharpening the knife when it requires it, is also represented in Sheet 2,"
Fig. 6, being an end sectional elevation, and Fig. 7, a back elevation.
a, is a grinding'stone, having its axis in pedestals secured to a plate b
taking on each side of the stone; this plate grasps the top of the frame
c, that it may be kept steady, and it is made so as to slide backwards
and forwards; a screw d having a handle is attached to the plate, and
it screws into á nut secured in the frame; by this screw the stone can
be adjusted to the knife. The knife'r is affixed at the required angle
by screws to a sliding plate e, (of at least an equal length with the knife,)
which slides in V grooves formed in brackets e', from the centre frame
f, which is supported on three feet g; a toothed rack e is fixed to the
back of the slide plate e, extending its entire length; into this rack a
pinion h geers, which is keyed on a shaft h', which revolves in bearings
supported in the centre frame f, and by a cross stay, i, from between
the brackets i, which are secured on the centre frame. On the other
end of the shaft h', a worm wheel is keyed, which geers with a

page_text: worm k, keyed on the shaft k', working in bearings in the brackets i
on this shaft four pulleys are placed, two fast on the shaft, and two
loose, and an open and crossed strap are employed; by bringing each
of these straps, from a loose to a fast, and from a fast to a loose pulley
the shaft will be made (as is well known) to go one way and then the
other, and so the slide plate e will be traversed backwards and forwards.
The changes of the straps may be effected by self-acting mechanism
similar to that in general use in planing machines for planing metals.
If the edge of the knife is required to be keen a suitable stone may
be arranged in a similar frame and alongside the coarser one, and oil
used in sharpening, while the knife is pressed against the stone
by elastic force, or the force of a weight which will give way, the
stone in both cases being revolved in the direction pointed by the arrow,
see Fig. 6.
The third head or part of our Invention relates to the drying and
straightening or flattening of the veneers when cut. As the vencers
obtained by the operations described in the first and second part of
our Invention are in a moist state, they are liable, if allowed to dry
by the influence of the atmosphere in an unconstrained condition, to
become "buckled" and "curled;" this condition would require re-
moving before they were fit for use. To accomplish this we either
pass them between calender rollers, which may be heated by steam,
or (which we prefer best) pile them one on the other between thin
heated plates of metal, then placing them in a press and subject them
to pressure. The machinery or apparatus which we prefer to use for
accomplishing the above purposes is represented in the Drawings by
Figs. 8, and 9. Fig. 9, is an end elevation of a calender.
a, is, the
framing. a, brackets supporting table on each side. b and b', calender
rollers, which are made hollow, so as to admit of being heated by steam;
the upper roller is weighted against the lower one by the levers c
(one on each side,) which have their fulcrums at c', on a bracket from
the framing, and act against the spindle c passing between the lever
e and the cap of the bearing. The steam for heating the rollers s
admitted at one side, and the steam and condensed steam taken away
on the other side, the pipes being connected with the hollow axes of

page_text: the rollers by stuffing boxes in the same manner as in ordinary calender
machine's used for finishing textile fabrics. It will only be necessary
to impart a slow revolving motion to the bottom roller, as the upper
one will revolve by friction, though both rollers may be geered together
if thought desirable. Fig. 8, is a sectional elevation of an hydraulic
press; it is simply modified in size to suit the purpose, and need not
be minutely described, as such are well known. a, is the table. b, is the
ram. The veneers or thin boards are piled one upon the other on the
table with heated thin plates of metal. c, represents the pile. Instead
of an hydraulic press, a common screw press may be used. Two
strong oblong square plates may also be used, at least equal in size to
the veneers or thin boards connected together at the corners by strong
bolts, and between these plates the vencers piled with metallic plates,
as in the hydraulic press, may be placed, and a pressure may be put
upon them by the bolts referred to at the corners of the plate; the
whole may then be placed on the skeleton tram carriage referred to
in the first part of our Invention, and run into the steaming vessel
(Figs. 4 and 5,) and there subjected to steam at an high temperature.
We have now particularly described our Invention, and the mode in
which it may be carried into effect, and wish it to be understood that
we do not confine ourselves to the precise methods in the different
processes herein referred to, nor to the exact details of the machinery
or apparatus to be employed, so long as the peculiar features of our
Invention be retained; but claim as our Invention,-
Firstly, the mode of preparing woods herein-before described in the
first part of our Invention prior to cutting or splitting the same into
veneers or thin boards by a knife.
Second, we claim the apparatus and mechanism shewn in the
Drawings at Figs. 4 and 5, and described under the first head or part
of our Invention when used for the purposes therein mentioned, and
when used for the purpose explained in the third part of our Invention.
Thirdly, we claim the combination and arrangement of mechanismi
for cutting or splitting wood into veneers or thin boards, shewn in
the Drawings, and described under the second head or part of our
Invention, and its mode of action.

page_text: Fourthly, we claim the mechanism or like mechanism to that shewn
in the Drawings, and described herein under the second head or part
of our Invention, for forming or sharpening the knife or plane bit, to
be used in cutting or splitting woods into vencers or thin, boards..
Fifthly and lastly, we claim the mode of drying and flattening or
straightening veneers or thin boards when cut, described under the
third head-or part of our Invention, and the machinery or apparatus
therein described to be used for the purpose....
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Dunn and William
Gough, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
second day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-four.
THOMAS DUNN.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM GOUGH. (L.S.)
THOMAS DUNN.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM GOUGH. (L.S.)