Improvements in Apparatus for Aerating Liquids and for Supplying the same.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 23rd Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 24th Feb., 1838
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Aerating Liquids and for Supplying
the same.
I, JOSEPH SINCLAIR FAIRFAX, of 433 Strand, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention refers to an apparatus whereby liquids are aerated or impregnated
with the gas produced by the effervescence of certain chemical substances when
combined with a liquid. The apparatus is also adapted for supplying the liquid, so
aerated, by drawing off therefrom, in the required quantities.
The apparatus consists of a cylindrical vessel of thin mild steel. Two circular
plates, also of thin steel, are dished or flanged, and riveted to the cylindrical vessel to
close the two ends; thus making a light, strong, cheap and portable vessel for the
purpose in view. At one end of the vessel two orifices are made and adapted to
receive, respectively, a solid ended nut, and a draw-off tube with stop cock.
As the end pieces of the vessel are of thin metal, special means are used to
strengthen or stiffen the plate, and to provide the screw threads required for the nut
and draw-off tube mentioned. This is done by riveting flange pieces at the orifices,
or they may be screwed or clamped at the said points.
In the latter case, a
screwed nipple piece, having a flange, is clamped in place at each orifice by an outer
nut; suitable washers of inetal and elastic material, or either of them, being used
next to the vessel, to keep the joint tight. To one is attached the draw off tube, and
to the other or charging orifice, the nut as before stated.
From the nipple piece, or closing nut, at the charging orifice, is suspended within,
a tubular vessel which is intended to receive the charge of chemicals and the requisite
amount of water used in generating the gas. This charging vessel or tube is closed
at the bottom, and opened at the top or near to it, to communicate the gas pressure
from the same to the liquid in the main vessel; thus charging the same, and by
its pressure forcing the liquid up the supply tube, (which extends nearly to the
bottom), from whence it may be drawn off as required. The nipple piece at the
draw-off orifice may be a prolongation of the supply tube, or of the stop cock with
its nozzle; or the stop cock may be adapted to screw upon or into the nipple piece.
The latter method is preferred as being the more convenient to remove and best
adapted for shipment.

page_text: The charging vessel, when used inside the apparatus, may be of glass, earthenware,
or the like kind of material, and removable for cleaning; and the closing nut adapted
to keep the same in position when the apparatus is moved about. The inside of the
apparatus and parts exposed to the liquid or gas used may be plated or otherwise
coated with a suitable material.
Two or more vessels are sometimes used and combined with each other, and a
separate gas generating chamber used in combination therewith. Suitable connecting
pipes connect all together with a stop valve adapted to shut of the gas pressure, or
turn it on to any of the vessels used, as required; or more than one valve used if
more convenient. By this means one vessel may be replenished while another is being
drawn from, and different kinds of liquids may be aerated. In this case the gas
generating chamber would be differently formed and in some instances capable of a
certain amount of movement in order to stir up the ingredients, or more quickly
generate the gas. I may also use a stirrer for this purpose, passing through a suitable
stuffing box, or may attach a stirrer to the closed nut, first described, so that a stirring
action is produced when the nut is being serowed down.
Where two or more vessels are combined in the above manner, it will be convenient
either to have special arrangements for filling them with liquid, or use the draw-off
orifice or gas tube connection for this purpose. In the latter plan a special union is
provided to make or break the connection between the vessel and the gas chamber,
which would thus stand alone, when tho pipes were all disconnected. I therefore, in
some cases, use a suitable frame or clamping device for holding the vessels and making
the connection between them and the gas generating chamber. For this purpose a
cast metal gas chamber is most convenient, and proper seatings or parts provided to
receive or establish connection with the various vessels used. The clamping devices
are of various forms to suit the special circumstances, laut consist mainly of one or
more screw down bolts or nuts, and adapted to jam the two openings together, with a
metal or other washer between to make the joint perfect. In some forms of the
apparatus I may combine the drawing off and the filling orifices together in the one
opening, making use of screw down valves and two or three way valves together with
a solid drawn bottle shaped vessel for the aerated liquid.
The vessels may be arranged in a vortical or horizontal position. A suitable stand
or stands of wood, metal, or other material is arranged to receive the vessel or vessels;
and a cap or caps used also with the stands or bases employed. I sometimes arrange
the caps and bases to receive rods or stout wires placed around the vessel or vessels,
and provide receivers to hold glasses, syrup or other bottles required for the supply of
the liquid. When the vessels are placed horizontally the draw-off tube and stop cock
will be suitably arranged for that position, and one orifice at each end may in this
case be provided, or the openings or connections made upon the sides.
Ι
In some cases I employ a solidly drawn steel tube or cupped vessel requiring one
ond piece only to be inserted, or even that dispensed with by closing the vessel in to
form a nock to which a suitable connection is made for the draw-off tube and gas
generating chamber. In this case, as also in the others named, both of these connec-
tions may be made at one orifice, either by annular tubes or otherwise.
It is to be understood that I may use iron, copper or other metal or alloy, for the
vessels named instead of steel, but I prefer the latter from its strength, cheapness, and
lightness; and as being well adapted for a portable apparatus. Also that the end
pieces, where used, may be welded or otherwise secured instead of riveting and that
I indent or corrugate in a helical or circular manner the sides of the vessels, and
dish or otherwise treat the ends; in order to strengthen or stiffen the same. Where
the connections require it, I also employ stuffing boxes, and cup leathers, and soft
metal or elastic washers to make tight joints.
בז
P

page_text: D4333
I, JOSEPH SINCLAIR FAIRFAX, of 433 Strand, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
My invention refers to an apparatus whereby liquids are aerated or impregnated
with the gas produced by the combination of chemical substances (such as tartaric
acid and bi-carbonate of soda), in a liquid. The apparatus is also adapted for
supplying the liquid, so aerated, by drawing off therefrom in the required quantities.
The apparatus consists of a cylindrically shaped vessel, preferably of thin mild steel.
The ends are closed by dished or flanged plates, of the same material, riveted or
welded to the vessel; thus making a light, strong, cheap and portable vessel, for the
purpose in view. One or hoth ends may be of hemispherical shape, and two orifices
are made therein: one being closed by a nut or screw; the other adapted to receive
a draw-off tube, provided with a stop cock.
As the metal is thin it may be flanged, or strengthened by separate pieces to provide
the screw threads required in attaching the draw-off tube, and for closing the charging
orifice.
A tubular shaped vessel is suspended within the charging orifice, to receive the
water and chemicals used in generating the gas. It is adapted to be withdrawn
readily and has, either openings near the top for the gas to pass into the main vessel;
or an annular tube, open at each end and nearly or quite as long as the charging
vessel. This allows the gas to pass downward through the liquid in the aërating vessel
with which it thoroughly mingles; and to give more room for the chemicals, this
small gas tube may be put out of the centre, or even put in a recess on the outside of
the charging vessel, but opening into the same. The charging vessel and gas tube are
preferably made of glass, earthenware or tin; but may be made of other suitable metal
or alloy; and the interior of the main vessel, or any other metallic part having a
liquid contact, should be coated with tin, or plated with silver.
Two or more aërating vessels may be combined with a separate gas generating
chamber, so that the aërated liquid may be drawn from one while the other is being
charged. Suitable connecting pipes, with a valve or valves, are used between the
vessels. The gas generating chamber will be differently formed from the suspended
internal one, above described, and it may have a separate movement from the vessel
or vessels with which it communicates; or have a stirrer arranged within, to quicken.
the generation of gas..
Where two or more vessels are combined in the manner just described, it will.be
convenient either to have special arrangements for filling them with liquid; or else.
use the draw off orifice, or the gas tube connection for this purpose; and I may use a

page_text: special union between the vessel or vessels and the gas chamber; which latter might
stand alone or apart, when disconnected.
In some cases, I employ a suitable frame or clamping device in which I clamp the
gas generating chamber, and a vessel or vessels together, and thereby form the
connection between them. In some forms of the apparatus I combine the drawing off
tube and the filling orifice together in the one opening, aud this is most convenient
with a solid drawn (or otherwise formed), bottle shaped vessel for the aërating liquid.
The gas tube may also extend down into the aërating vessel alongside of or within the
draw off tube, in a similar manner to that in the charging vessel previously described.
Suitable screw down valve or valves are used for drawing off the liquid, or admitting
the gas; the latter being more especially required when two or more aërating vessels
are used alternately.
The clamping devices are of various forms to suit the special circumstances of the
case, but consist mainly of one or more screw down bolts, nuts, or closing pieces, so
adapted as to jam two or more openings together to establish communication between
two or more vessels, or to close any particular opening. The joints may be made
tight by the pressure stated, acting upon suitable metal or other washers, or the joints
may be ground to fit metal to metal. The screwed bolt or nut used for clamping may
react against pivoted links; or a stout tube may be used in this manner with suitable
clamping plates or arms, around which two or more vessels are grouped.
The vessels may be arranged in a vertical or horizontal position. A suitable stand
or stands of wood, metal, or other material is arranged to receive the vessel or vessels,
and a cap or caps used also with the stands or bases employed. I sometimes arrange
the caps and bases to receive rods or stout wires placed around the vessel or vessels
and provide receivers upon them to holl glasses, syrup and other bottles required in
the supply of the aërated liquid. When the vessels are placed horizontally the
draw off tube and stop cock will be suitably arranged for that position; and one orifice
at each end, may in this case be used; or the openings or connections made upon the
sides.
I prefer to employ solidly drawn steel vessels requiring but one end to be closed;
or that dispensed with by closing in the upper part of the vessel upon a suitable
mandril so as to form a small neck; like that of a bottle. To this, when the vessel is
used for the nerating chamber, the draw off tube with its stop cock is attached by a
screw or by one forin of the clamping devices above named ; and in a similar manner
the generating chamber, (which may be cast, or solidly drawn), is also connected to
the aerating chamber; one or more neck pieces, or attachments for the clamping
devices being used as required. The gas tube which extends from the generating
chamber to the lower part of the aerating vessel may conveniently pass through the
draw off tube, so as to leave an annular space for the aërated liquid to pass to the
stop cock.
It is to be understood that I may use iron, copper, or other ductile metal or alloy,
for the vessels named, instead of steel; but the latter is preferred from its strength,
cheapness, and lightness; and as being well adapted for a portable apparatus. Also,
that the end pieces (when used) may be welded or otherwise attached or secured to
the body part; instead of by riveting; and furthermore, that I may indent or corrugate
in a helical or circular manner the sides or body of the vessels, and dish or indent tho
ends, to strengthen and stiffen the same. Where the connections require it, stuffing
boxes, cup leathers, metal or other washers may be used to make the necessary joints
and connections tight.
In the accompanying drawings like reference letters denote like parts throughout;
or parts having like functions. Fig. 1 is a section through an aerating vessel a of
tubular form, the ends of which, a¹ and a², are flanged and riveted or welded to the
body of the vessel. A tubular gas generating chamber b, also tubular in shape, is
suspended within the vessel a, and closed by a nut or screw plug b'. The chamber b
receives the chemicals and water, after which the nut b¹ is screwed down and the gas
generated finds its way through the small tube c to the bottom of the vessel a whence
it passes through the liquid therein, and aërates the same. A draw off pipe d, also

page_text: extends to near the bottom of the vessel a, through which the aërated liquid ascends
under the pressure of the gas and is supplied through the stop cock e, as required for
use. Fig. 2 is a plan of the same vessel. The connections are made through the top
cover a which is strengthened for the purpose by screwed nipple pieces a³, a³, and
outside clamping nuts; or similar parts may be riveted or brazed to the cover.
Fig. 3 is a partial section through a similar vessel a, the body of which is corrugated
to strengthen and stiffen the same. Top and bottom covers are shown screwed to the
body above and below which a cap and base y are shown with small rods h
extending between, and placed at intervals around the circumference. Upon the
rods are placed sleeves, h, which carry a base or cap to receive or retain a bottle,
or other article, as indicated by dotted lines; and by lifting the upper sleeve and cap
the bottle may be withdrawn.
In Fig. 4 the aërating chamber a, is a bottle shaped vessel of steel, solidly drawn,
with a small neck. The gas generating chamber is similarly made, and is placed
above a.
A neck piece i, is screwed into the vessel a, through which the draw off
tube d extends to the stop cock e; while the communicating tube c extends upward
through the draw off tube d, into the gas generating chamber, as shown. This gas
chamber is clamped to the vessel a by two side links united in a nut with a
clamping screw and closing plug k; which also serves to close the upper orifice used
for charging the chamber b with the requisite chemicals and water.
The clamping
strain is taken at the lower end of the side links by trunnions (indicated by dotted
lines) forming a part of, or attached to, either the neck piece i, or the neck itself of
the vessel a. The links are pivoted upon the trunnions, so that when the clamping
screw is loosened, the links or yokej can be swung entirely out of the way (as
shown by dotted lines) and the upper vessel withdrawn. This admits of the vessel a
being charged with liquid to be aurated through the neck; the vessel a in Fig. 1
being similarly charged, on the withdrawal of the suspended tube b. through the
orifice at ¹.
Fig. 5 is an elevation, and Fig. 6 a plan of two aërating chambers a. a, combined
with an outer gas generating vessel b. All these vessels are intended to represent
solidly drawn bottles of steel or other malleable metal or alloy. These metallic bottles
may be all of one size, especially where two or more aerating vessels are used
alternately; and in order that one charging of the gas vessel may generate sufficient
gas to suffice for at least two chargings of an aurating vessel or vessels. The two
vessels a, a, are held in position by a bolt or tube 7 provided with a clamping nut and
plate secured at the lower extremity to a suitable base m, shown in section in Fig. 5.
The base is made large enough to carry also the gas vessel b with a space for glasses
as shown on the opposite side in Fig. 6. The communicating pipes c, c, are controlled
by a suitable valve or valves at n and pass through the neck pieces of the vessels a, a,
in the manner indicated by Fig. 4. Suitable unions are arranged and provided for
making the connections in a manner well understood.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A vessel for containing aërated liquid constructed of thin malleable metal of
cylindrical or bottle form, capable in itself of withstanding the internal pressure
produced by the generation of carbonic acid gas; substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
2. A vessel for containing aërated liquid constructed of thin iron, steel, copper, or
other suitable ductile metal or alloy, solidly drawn into cylindrical or bottle form and
capable of withstanding the internal pressure produced by the generation of carbonic
acid
gas without extraneous aid and support; substantially as described.
3. An apparatus for aërating liquids, comprising a vessel or vessels of thin malleable
metal, without extraneous support, for containing the aërated liquid; a vessel or
chamber for generating carbonic acid gas; a pipe or tubular connection between the
generating chamber and the aërated liquid vessel or vessels; a draw off pipe or tube

page_text: and a suitable stop cock controlling the same to supply the aërated liquid; substantially
as described.
4. An apparatus for aürating liquids comprising a thin malleable vessel for contain-
ing the aërated liquid drawn to a reduced diameter at its upper extremity; a neck
piece secured or attached to the same; a gas generating vessel placed above and
secured to, or connected with the said neck piece; a tube for conveying tho gas.from
the generating vessel to the lower part of the aerating vessel; and a surrounding or
contiguous tube for drawing off the aërated liquid and communicating with a stop
cock through the aforesaid neck piece; substantially as described.
5. The combination of an aerating vessel, with a gas generating vessel, and a
clamping device, whereby the two vessels are clamped together; substantially as
described.
6.-The combination of an aerating vessel with a gas generating vessel, either or
both made of thin malleable metal, a neck piece connecting the two vessels together
at a part reduced in diameter, and a clamping device pivoted upon or secured to the
neck picco or the aërated vessel, adapted to clamp the two vessels together and to
close the charging orifice of the gas generating vessel; substantially as described.
7. In an apparatus for aërating liquids, the use of thin malleable metal for the
containing vessels, strengthened or stiffened by corrugating or indenting the said
vessels; substantially as described.
-
8. In an apparatus for aërating liquids, the combination therewith of rods and
attachments for receiving or retaining in position, bottles, glasses or the like,
substantially as described.
9. In an aërated liquid apparatus, securing or attaching one or both ends of a thin
malleable vessel, having no extraneous support, by riveting, welding, brazing
screwing; substantially as described.
or
10. In an aërated liquid apparatus, the combination of two or more vessels in which
the liquid is aerated with a vessel in which the gas is generated; the said vessels
being made of thin ductile material, and connected by suitable pipes and attachments;
and provided with draw off tubes and stop cocks; substantially as described.
11. Coating or protecting with tin or silver the interior of an iron or steel vessel
for containing aerated liquid substantially as described.
12. A portable apparatus for aürating liquids, and adapted to supply the same;
substantially as described, and shown by the figures from 1 to 6 of the accompanying
drawings.
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Dated this 21st day of January 1888.