AN IMPROVED PANTOGRAPH and
Year: 1884

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I WILLIAM CARTER Junior, One hundred and twenty two West Campbell Street
Glasgow in the County of Lanark, Printer and Lithographer do hereby declare
the nature of my Invention for AN IMPROVED PANTOGRAPH and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My said Invention has for its object the providing of means whereby maps,
drawings designs &c. may be reduced or enlarged in a more simple, efficient and
satisfactory manner than is possible by any other apparatus hitherto in use for
similar purposes.
The apparatus is made up of six bars of wood (but they may be made of any
other suitable material if desired) two of which are double the length of the
others, and the remaining four of one length. The two longest, and two of the
shortest bars, have each a number of small holes pierced through them, (or any
other simple arrangement) according to the size of the apparatus, the purport of
which will be explained hereafter. The two longest bars marked N° 1 on the
accompanying Drawing are fastened together by means of a pin in the centre.
The pin is marked A. The two short bars having the holes pierced through them
marked N° 2 are joined together at their ends by means of an eyelet marked B.
The ends of the bars marked N 1 & 2 are joined by means of screw-eyes marked D,
placed in the first hole of each bar, but which are intended to be removed at
pleasure, by the operator. These screw-eyes also act as supports for stoadying the
apparatus. The remaining two bars marked N° 3, are fixed in precisely the
same manner, the only difference being, that the screw-eyes are intended to be
fixtures, the eyelet used for fastening them together being marked C. The apparatus
is then completed by being placed on the top of a pivot marked E, and kept in its
place by means of the pin marked A, which passes through the bars marked N° 1,
and rests in a hole on the top of the pivot, the pivot being the centre or pivot
from which the apparatus is wrought.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to describe
more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed, by the aid of the
accompanying Drawing in which are represented the parts of the apparatus
above referred to.
In reducing, the operator fixes the apparatus to the drawing board, by pressing
the pivot marked E, on the drawing board, thus forcing three small pins fixed on

page_text: the bottom of the pivot into the drawing board. He then fixes a pencil in eyelet
marked B, the point of the pencil protruding far enough on the other side of the
eyelet to touch the paper or other substance intended to receive the reduced
drawing, and in eyelet marked C, he fixes a pointer, the point of which will
protrude far enough on the other side of the eyelet to enable him to trace the
lines of the drawing to be reduced.
He will then place a sheet of paper or other substance intended to receive the
reduced drawing immediately under eyelet marked B and the drawing to be
reduced he places immediately under eyelet marked C.
The operator having settled in his own mind the extent to which he wishes the
drawing reduced, proceeds as follows viz.:-If the drawing is to be merely a
facsimile the screw-eyes marked D, are allowed to remain in the holes at the
extreme ends of the bars marked N° 1 & 2, but should he wish to reduce the
drawing by of the whole drawing he will remove the two scrow-eyes, marked D
on the bars marked N° 1 & 2, to the next holo.
Having thus adjusted the apparatus to suit his purpose, he takes hold of tho
pointer fixed in eyelet marked C, and passes over the drawing to be reduced, with
the pointer, when the drawing will appear on a reduced scale, on the paper or
other substance placed under eyelet marked B, the pencil in eyelet marked B
having been moving in exactly the same lines, as these followed by the pointer in
eyelet marked C, both ends of the apparatus acting simultaneously. The drawing
can be further reduced by and so on merely by removing the screw eyes
marked D, to any other hole further from the ends of the bars marked N° 1 & 2,
as required.
In enlarging, the operator works on exactly the same principle as when reducing,
only he fixes the pointer in eyelet marked B, and the pencil in eyelet marked C,
the drawing to be enlarged being placed under eyelet marked B, and the paper or
other substance intended to receive the enlarged drawing being placed under
eyelet marked C.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare, that what
I claim by this Invention, is the particular arrangement and construction of
apparatus forming the improved pantograph substantially as hereinbefore set forth,
and described in the accompanying Drawing.
Dated this Ninth day of August Eighteen hundred and eighty four.