A PROCESS OF DEODORIZING PARAFFIN, COAL, PITCH, ROCK, AND OTHER LIKE OILS AND HYDROCARBONS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George John Yates, of Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Chemist, and John William Ward Tindall, also of
Liverpool, aforesaid, Chemist, for the Invention of "A PROCESS OF
DEODORIZING PARAFFIN, COAL, PITCH, ROCK, AND OTHER LIKE OILS AND
HYDROCARBONS."
Sealed the 13th January 1868, and dated the 19th July 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George John Yates and
John William Ward Tindall at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 19th July 1862.
We, GEORGE JOHN YATES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemist, and JOHN WILLIAM WARD TINDALL, also of Liverpool, aforesaid,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A PROCESS
OF DEODORIZING PARAFFIN, COAL, PITCH, ROCK, AND OTHER LIKE OILS AND HYDRO-
CARBONS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to give the oils named in the title and
similar bydrocarbons a pleasant odour, and to render them suitable for inany
purposes where, from their disagreeable smell, they are at present excluded.
The process which we adopt may be stated generally to consist in adding
certain substances at suitable intervals or times to the oil to be deodorized,
and afterwards subjecting the mixture to the distillatory process.

page_text: We tako "raw" or "crude oil," or oil in any of the conditions in which it
is at present sold; and after adding chloride of lime, allow the mixture to stand
for a time. We then add sulphuric acid and nitric or nitrous acid in suffi-
cient quantity, and allow the mixture in this state to stand for a second time;
we afterwards add hydrochloric acid or urine and animal charcoal, and after
the mixture stands for some time it is ready for distillation. The foreign
matters or substances carried over into the receivers with the oils may be
washed out in the usual way. The foregoing is one of the processes which we
have found to answer well, but we use the acids and other materials in different
order, that is, we may add any of them to the oil first, and the others may
follow, as found most advantageous.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George John Yates and John William Ward Tindall in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th January 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
JOHN YATES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist, and JoHN
WILLIAM WARD TINDALL, also of Liverpool, aforesaid, Chemist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said George John Yates and John William Ward Tindall, Her special
licence that we, the said George John Yates and John William Ward Tindall,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
George John Yates and John William Ward Tindall, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "A PROCESS OF DEODORIZING PARAFFIN, COAL, PITCH,
ROCK, AND OTHER LIKE OILS AND HYDROCARBONS," upon the condition (amongst
others); that we, the said George John Yates and John William Ward
Tindall, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our, or their hands and scals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-

page_text: tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George John Yates, on behalf of
myself and the said John William Ward Tindall, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
In treating paraffin, coal, pitch, rock, and other mineral oils and bydro-
carbons, according to this Invention, in order to deodorize such oils and
hydrocarbons, and by so doing give to them a more pleasant odour, we sub-
ject them to the action of certain substances at suitable intervals of time, as
hereafter explained.
We treat the raw or crude oil, or the oils in the conditions in which they
are now sold, in the following manner :-In those cases where oils contain
paraffin, we add to the quantity of oil which is to be treated at the rate of
four ounces by weight of commercial sulphuric acid for each gallon of the oil.
The sulphuric acid is simply run into the oil contained in a suitable vessel;
the oil is then allowed to stand for about ten minutes, when heat is to be
applied to the oil so as to raise its temperature to about 115° of Fahrenheit.
This temperature is retained for about ten minutes, when the application of
heat may cease unless the temperature should fall materially during a period
of about one hour and forty minutes, during which time the oil is kept well
stirred. If the temperature fall, then it is desirable that heat should be again
applied to keep up the temperature as near as may be to the degree above
mentioned. At the end of this time the oil generally will have ceased to give
off offensive pungent and choking vapours; if such should not be the case,
the stirring is to be continued for a further time, and, if necessary, more acid
added. One and a half ounces by weight of nitric or nitrous acid to each
gallon of oil is now to be added, and the temperature is to be allowed to fall
to about 105° of Fahrenheit, and to be kept as near as may be to that tem-
perature for about an hour, the oil is to be kept well stirred; a pint and
a half of urine is now to be added; the oil is to be stirred and maintained at
the temperature of about 105° for about half an hour, when at the rate of one
and a half ounces by weight of commercial hydrochloric acid is to be intro-
duced, continuing the stirring, and the temperature of about 105° during
another hour, at which time, in order to bleach the oil, two ounces of chloride
of lime for each gallon of oil are added and stirred in, or in place thereof one
pound of fullers' earth or clay. If the oil is to be immediately distilled, the

page_text: whole mixture is placed in a still such as is ordinarily used in distilling such
mineral oils and hydrocarbons, and the same is to be distilled in the usual
manner. If the oil is to be stored or to be sent to a distance without first
undergoing distillation, the oil is to be well washed in water, preferring for
this purpose sea water, after which the oil is to be placed in suitable casks,
and may be used in this state for some purposes, or the oil purified, as above
described, may be distilled at any time.
When treating like mineral oils and hydrocarbons which do not contain
paraffin, we find it desirable to increase the quantity of chloride of lime to
four ounces by weight to each gallon of the oil; and we stir in four ounces of
animal charcoal to each gallon of oil, and let it remain half an hour before
applying the nitric or nitrous acid, as above explained; in other respects the
process is conducted as above described.
We would state that, in the above description, we have been particular in
describing our process precisely as it is practised by us; but we would state
that we do not confine our Invention to the precise details either in respect to
the proportions of the materials used, or as to the periods of time during which
the parts of the process are directed to occupy; but what we claim is the
combined process herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George John Yates, have hereunto set
my.
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
GEORGE JOHN YATES. (L.S.)