IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND JACQUARDS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Charles Buckley, of Mossley, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, and Albert Hildebrandt, of Bow Chambers, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS AND JACQUARDS."
Sealed the 17th April 1877, and dated the 20th October 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Charles Buckley and
Albert Hildebrandt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th
October 1876.
JOHN CHARLES BUCKLEY, of Mossley, in the County of York, Manufacturer, and
ALBERT HILDEBRANDT, of Bow Chambers, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND JACQUARDS."
This Invention relates to various combinations and modifications of machinery in
present use, and the application thereof to the marking of cloth not woven with
jacquards with trade marks so as to be indelible; also to several modifications of
jacquard machines for ordinary purposes.
We weave the trade mark into the cloth with an ordinary jacquard, the cords of
which are provided with loops or eyes above and below the warp, through which
we pass a bar or wire which may be fastened to the healds. In that case we
employ an ordinary arrangement or the one described further on to throw the
jacquard out of gear after the completion of the mark, and work the loom in the
ordinary way where the cloth is plain.
Instead of any ordinary jacquard or treading machine we use sometimes a
modification of the jacquard. This consists of the substitution for the cards of a
cylinder covered with sheet metal, card board, or paper, perforated for the design
in the same way as cards. This cylinder may be turned in the usual manner,
communicating the motion through geared wheels, or, as we prefer, by one or two
ratchet wheels direct. In this case we make all the parts very small, and thus
obtain a miniature jacquard, which again may be applied as described above. But
we also further modify this so that the cylinder shall make a given part of a
revolution and then begin to move backward and forward, being prepared in those
cases to produce plain cloth, that is, cloth woven with two or more shafts but
Duins 1

page_text: without figures. We effect this with two ratchet wheels, one on each side of the
cylinder, or placed side by side, or the teeth cut or cast all on one plate or disc.
One set of teeth is used for turning the cylinder, and another set of teeth on the
same wheel is used as detents to prevent it turning backward. When the catch
and detent reach the place where the cylinder is to turn backward a tooth is left
out in each set, and at that moment the catch and detent on the other wheel or set
of teeth begins to act and turn back the wheel and cylinder one or more teeth,
according to the number of shafts of the cloth, and this forward and backward
motion is repeated as long as the cloth is desired to be plain.
When another mark or design is to be produced the ratchet wheel is turned over
the missing teeth by hand, and then the jacquard works on in the usual way. To
work the backward and forward movement we attach to the jacquard a small
contrivance, of any known construction, to lift the return catch alternately so as
not to interfere at the improper time.
The mechanism which we prefer is a small rack on the pin of the knife board
gearing in a small pinion, so that the latter shall make one half, or more than one
half, but less than one whole revolution, for each traverse of the cylinder. This
pinion turns the spindle upon which it is carried in one direction only, being loose
upon it, and connected with it by a spring or clutch box. The spindle carries a
cam or tappet bearing against the bell-crank end of the catch referred to, which it
will move up and down as the cam pushes the lever away, and the latter returns
by the weight of the catch.
We use also a further modification of this part of the jacquard. Instead of
turning the wheels over one tooth by hand when the design or mark is to be
repeated, we employ a counting apparatus of the usual kind, which shall, after
a certain number of picks (for which it has been adjusted) have been made, stop a
spring pin and allow the cylinder to work forward. In this case we prefer
employing one ratchet wheel or disc only, upon which we cut or cast all the teeth,
grooves, &c., necessary, and upon the periphery of which we cut or cast the teeth
for turning the wheel by the catch, the same teeth are also used as detents by a
second catch which reciprocates with the movable frame. When the wheel and
cylinder arrives in a certain position a pin actuated by a spring falls in a groove
on the side of the wheel, which pin is connected with the catch and detent before
mentioned, so that it shall draw both sideways out of contact with the teeth on to
a small rim on the side of the wheel. When catch and detent thus lose their hold
upon the wheel the latter is pulled back by a spring just so much as the groove
in which the pin moves will allow, then the catch and detent pressing against the
side of the ratchet by a spring, and the rim upon which their points rest being
again level with the bottom of the teeth, they slip back into their original position
and work forward, as before, until they are again disengaged. This period of
moving backward and forward is repeated as long as the cloth is desired to be plain,
but when the design or mark is to be repeated the counting apparatus interposes
a stop so that the pin cannot fall in the groove and disengage the catches, and then
the cylinder will move on in the ordinary way, an inclined plane releasing the
spring which would otherwise have turned the cylinder back.
Any known mechanism may be employed to give motion to the jacquard, but we
prefer a combination of a grooved cam giving motion to a bell crank, at the other
end of which the lifting rod is attached. The bell crank we make in two pieces,
one keyed to the spindle the other loose, so that it can be drawn out of the groove
by hand, or by means of a screw, or screwed bosses and hand wheel, which latter
we prefer.
The perforated covering for the cylinder we fasten between the cylinder ends or
wheels and their projecting loose rims which are bolted together with the covering
beld between them; or we drill the cylinder ends and plug the holes with wood,
to which we nail the covering and then bolt or otherwise fix the rim over it.
The most important points in our Invention are the adaptation of the ordinary
jacquard to the plain loom to be worked in conjunction with healds, and the manner

page_text: in which we reduce the inconvenience of the jacquard to a minimum by disengaging
the same after the mark or design is complete, and attach the warp threads that
have been worked by it to the ordinary healds.
Further, the modification of the jacquard, so as to reduce the same to a minimum
size by the adoption of a cylinder with ratchet wheels, detents, and steadying pins,
and particularly the alternating motion; and, lastly, the further modification of the
same, so as to become entirely self-acting, by means of a counting apparatus and
the other arrangements described above, as well as the mode of fastening the
covering of the cylinder and the mechanism to give motion to the jacquard.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said John Charles Buckley and Albert Hildebrandt in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th April 1877.
JOHN CHARLES BUCKLEY, of Mossley, in the County of York, Manufacturer, and
ALBERT HILDEBRANDT, of Bow Chambers, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND JACQUARDS."
This Invention relates to various combinations and modifications of machinery in
present use, and the application thereof to the marking of cloth not usually woven
with jacquards with trade marks or other designs so as to be indelible; also to
several modifications of jacquard machines for ordinary purposes.
To weave a trade mark into cloth we can use any known appliance, such as a
jacquard, treading machine, or the like, connecting the cords of the same only with
those warp threads that will be included in the mark or other design. We further
provide those cords with two extra eyes or loops corresponding in position most con-
veniently with the staves of the healds. Through these loops or eyes we pass after
the completion of the design a bar, needle, or wire, which we attach to the respective
heald leaves, so as to become practically one and move with them when the jacquard
is thrown out of gear; we then proceed to weave the piece in the ordinary way, as
if the healds alone were being employed.
Instead of using an ordinary jacquard or similar appliance however we employ
sometimes a modification of a jacquard. We prefer making, though not necessarily
so, its parts of the smallest possible dimensions, in order to apply it to ordinary
small plain looms without serious encumbrance; but its chief feature is the sub-
stitution of the cards and the barrel over which they pass by a cylinder with an
oscillating motion. The cylinder may be of any material, solid or otherwise; we
prefer forming the same of separate ends prepared for the reception of sheet metal,
paper, or millboard face or other covering perforated in the manner of pattern cards.
For facility in mounting this pattern or cylinder face we make each cylinder end
in two or more parts, a plate and a rim with a suitable fitting surface to receive the
edge of the covering held tightly between them; the two parts are then bolted firmly
together; at the same time the ends serve the purpose of ratchet wheels, and afford
the usual steadying arrangement for bringing the barrel in an exact position just
before the needles act by having their periphery perforated with holes at regular
distances, into which a fixed pin on the jacquard frame engages on the cylinder
approaching the needles.
The oscillating movement of the cylinder is obtained by missing out one of the
teeth or spaces of one of the ratchet wheels (the full wheel) and making the other
wheel with one tooth or space only (the blank wheel), so that the positions of the
two shall correspond. When the catch, clack, or detent, by means of which the
revolving motion of the cylinder is obtained by engaging during the reciprocation
of the cylinder in the ratchet wheel comes to the blank in the full wheel, the
cylinder does not make part of a revolution round its centre, hut on the other hand
on its return the one tooth of the other blank wheel engages its respective catch

page_text: and the cylinder is turned back to its last position but one. The perforations of the
cylinder face or pattern for the last two divisious being for plain cloth, i. c., one up
and one down, this oscillation or backward and forward movement is continued as
long as plain cloth without a mark or design is desired, and then the pattern
cylinder may be started afresh by turning it over the blank by hand. A corre-
sponding series of ratchet teeth is also provided laterally on the cylinder ends, into
which spring detents engage and prevent movement taking place in the opposite
direction. The blank wheel catch is elevated on alternate picks of the loom, so that
it cannot engage with the ratchet tooth except at alternate periods; this is effected
by means of a rack on the projecting knife-board pin gearing into a pinion of such
size that with the greatest attainable lift it does not make a complete revolution,
but at least half a one. The pinion being loose on the spindle turns the same in
one direction only by engaging into a clutch box, which it forces back against a
spring when moving in one direction, but causes it to revolve when moving in an
opposite direction. The clutch box being feathered to the spindle and the latter
carrying an eccentric against which the counterpart of the blank wheel catch rests,
the end of the same is raised once for each revolution of the eccentric or cam, which
makes one revolution for every two lifts of the knife-board or traverses of the
jacquard cylinder; this arrangement becomes necessary to prevent the return catch
interfering at the wrong time. If the oscillating motion is not used however and
the jacquard stopped after the completion of the design, as before described, this
clack motion is of course superfluous.
We use also a further modification of the jacquard instead of starting the pattern
cylinder afresh by hand. After a design and a length of plain cloth has been
produced we employ a counting apparatus of the usual kind to stop the oscillating
motion of the cylinder and allow it to make a fresh revolution after a certain
number of picks producing plain cloth have been made. By plain cloth is ineant
cloth without a design, but it may be woven with more than two shafts; for this
arrangement the essential parts of the jacquard remain the same, but the gearing is
varied. We prefer for this type to have all the gearing, &c., on one side of the
cylinder. One rim of the cylinder is made into a complete ratchet wheel, into which
two catches engage, one to turn the same wheel and cylinder round its axis, the
other to prevent it turning back. The two catches are connected by sliding heads,
and so mounted that both may be drawn sideways clear out of the teeth of the
ratchet wheel, the movement being caused by a spring pin being forced into an
indentation or groove in the side of the cylinder end when arriving opposite.
When the catches thus cease their hold upon the teeth of the ratchet wheel the
latter is turned back by a spring one or more divisions, according to the number of
shafts, and as far as a spring pin in a stopped groove will allow. The books of both
catches on being drawn out of the wheel fall on an inclined plane which rises to
the level of the bottom of the teeth, and when in that position the catches are forced
back in the wheel by the springs. When such a number of oscillations have been
made as to correspond to the length of plain cloth required the counting apparatus
which is also worked by a spring pin falling into an indentation when coming
opposite interposes a stop and prevents the spring from falling into the groove
when opposite, the catches are therefore not pulled out of gear and the cylinder
moves on, commencing a fresh revolution, the pin of the spring that would otherwise
have turned the cylinder back being forced out of its hold by an inclined plane.
The mechanism employed to give motion to the jacquard may vary according to
the circumstances. In certain cases we prefer a grooved cam on the crank shaft, by
means of which we actuate a bell-crank lever to convert the horizontal transverse
into an up-and-down motion which is communicated to the knife-board. We
also use a screw hand wheel on the spindle of the bell crank as a disengaging
motion.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the improved jacquard fixed to the top rail of a
loom, the plane of the section being parallel to the direction of the warp; Fig. 2 is
a view or elevation corresponding to Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a sectional plan of the
jacquard; Fig. 4 shews a plan view of the same, corresponding to the previous
Figure.
Fig. 5 is an elevation partly in view and partly in section taken from the front
of the loom.
Fig. 6 indicates the arrangements of the needles and wires on a larger scale.
A further modification of the jacquard with counting apparatus is shewn in
Figs. 7-15, Fig. 7 being a side elevation partly in view and partly in section;
Fig. 8, a part plan.
Fig. 9 shews on a larger scale the application of the spring pins or detents..
Fig. 10 gives the mode of connection of the catches.
Fig. 11 represents the principal parts of the counting apparatus.
Fig. 12 shows the groove or notch in the side of the cylinder end or ratchet wheel
for the catch working the catches and the counting apparatus.
Fig. 13 shows the notches that limit the length of the oscillations, and to allow
the part that stops oscillation to resume its position ready for a second action.
Fig. 14 shews the mode of releasing the spring when the cylinder commences a
fresh revolution, and need not be turned back.
Fig. 15 is a section of that part of the ratchet wheel or cylinder rim containing
the stop guide or inclined plane for the catch to fall upon when being drawn laterally
out of gear.
The remaining two Figures represent one of the arrangements by which motion is
given to the jacquard.
Fig. 16 is a view partly in section, as seen from the side of the loom; Fig. 17
preresents the front elevation.
The pattern cylinder generally is marked C; C₁ is its perforated face or cover;
E' and E are the cylinder ends, having ratchet teeth on their face to act as detents;
and R, R, are their respective rims completing the ends, and serving as ratchet
wheels as well as steadying pins, the pins P engaging successively in the holes P°;
G are the guide rods carrying the cylinder; these slide in bearings B cast in one
piece, with (or are otherwise attached to) the framing of the jacquard. To the
guide rods the slides S are attached, in the slits of which the continuation of the
knife-board pins K, move up and down, communicating thereby, and by reason of the
shape of these slides a movement in the direction of the guide rods; thus, when the
knife board K is going up lifting such of the wires H as have not been pushed away
out of the reach of the knives K by the needle N the cylinder C is moving out,
but the catch or detent D, engaging into the ratchet wheel R² holds a point into its
periphery stationary, and thus causes the cylinder C to turn round its axis to the
extent of one division or pitch. When that movement is accomplished the spring
detent D has taken a fresh tooth, and prevents the cylinder moving back when
returning to the needle plate P¹; P is the spring box holding the ends and back
springs of the needles. In a 100 needle machine only 98 divisions may be used for
the design; the last two divisions on the pattern cylinder must be perforated to
produce plain cloth, i.e., one up and one down. When the cylinder has made a
complete revolution the catch or detent D will have come upon the blank in the
wheel R2, and therefore the cylinder on its outward journey will not be turned in
the usual way, but when returning the blank wheel catch D will engage in the
wheel, and the cylinder will be turned back to the last position, so as to produce the
last pick but one over again. On the next journey out the cylinder will move as
usual, i.e., again to the last division on the cylinder, and on its return the detent D¹
will not be allowed to interfere, but will remain in an elevated position, as shown
in Fig. 2, by the eccentric E and the feeler D³. The motion that alternately raises
and depresses this detent D' consists of the rack R gearing in the wheel W, which is
loose on the spindle S', but engages within half a revolution with the clutch box C¹³
when going in one direction, but without moving the latter when going in the

page_text: opposite direction, except forcing it back out of gear against a spring, the wheel W
making more than one-half and less than a full revolution; and the clutch having
only two teeth the latter will turn the spindle round once for each two up-and-
down movements of the knife board or traverses of the cylinder.
In Figs. 7-15 R³ denotes the ratchet wheel rim, and R' the plain rim; E³ and E',
the cylinder ends respectively; D and D' are the catches which work both into the
ratchet wheel, the bearing N' of D being part of the jacquard framing and
stationary, while that of D' is attached to the guides Go, G¹, G2, G3, G4, which has
taken the place of G in the former Figures.
At that
There is a sliding connection between the heads N' and N³ of the catches D* and
D', so that motion in the direction of their axis, communicated to N¹ must be
participated in by N³, and consequently D and D' will move together laterally.
When the notch or recess Q in the end E³ arrives opposite the pin A the latter is
forced in the recess by a spring taking with it the lever end N, which is centred at
G³, and thus forces its opposite end N° in the opposite direction. No is linked to N,
and the latter is held and adjusted in the bearing G2, then by reason of the connection
above described, the two catches are forced out of the ratchet wheel, their ends
falling on the projections Z on the side and below the bottom of the teeth.
time the spring A4 is pressing the cylinder C in a direction opposite to its ordinary
course, the spring pin A³ at its end having previously engaged in the notch Q³ in
the end E³. As soon as D° and D' cease the hold upon the wheel the spring A'
operates and turns the cylinder C as far back as the pin A' in the notch or groove Q
in the end E³ will allow. The ends D and D have in the meanwhile risen again
on the inclined planes Z to the level of the bottom of the teeth, and when arriving
opposite a space the springs on N¹ and N³ force them into gear again, and they
remain so until forced out by the repeating action of A. These oscillations or
reciprocations continue until the wheel X has made a complete revolution, and
allowed the stop T carried round by the wheel and carrier F to drop on the pin A²,
and behind a projection of A, thus preventing the latter from being forced into the
recess when coming in juxta-position. The cylinder C is therefore not turned back,
but moves forward and commences a fresh revolution. The spring pin A³ must
now pass M, the inclined plane of which lifts it out of the groove, and allows the
spring to resume its natural position until it is again engaged by the recess Q³. The
recess Q in E³ presently arrives opposite the spring pin A2, which is then forced
into it and from under T, thus taking away its support, and allowing its free end
to fall and assume a position which shall find A ready for action again, as well as
being itself ready to be carried round by F. The bracket T' serves as a guide and
support to T. The parts marked S appertain to the counting apparatus; this may
consist of any number of wheels of suitable size.
In the two Figures, 16 and 17, k is the cam on the crank shaft a, in the groove
of which moves the bowl b on the lever d, and communicates motion to the shaft m,
and thence to the other lever arm d, to the lifting rod r, the lever 1, and the knife-
board K. The spindle m is carried on the loom side S* by a bracket n; if it is
desired to throw the whole out of gear the thumbscrew q is relieved and the bowl b
withdrawn from the groove in K by the hand lever ; p is a collar on the spindle
m; L, the top rail of the loom.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed or put in practice, we would
have it understood that we do not limit ourselves to the exact details as described
and represented in the Drawings, but claim particularly and substantially,―
1. The use of ordinary jacquards or other similar apparatus in combination with
healds for the weaving of marks, patterns, and designs, and the mode of attaching
the warp threads to the healds after completing the design.
2. The improved general arrangement of a jacquard so as to be of small size,
light, and with or without cylinder.
3. The arrangement of the cylinder, the perforated covering or face of the same,
and the mode of fixing the latter,

page_text: 4. The arrangements to cause the cylinder to move forward and backward, so as
to produce plain cloth of unlimited (usual) length, with a limited pattern.
5. The application of a counting apparatus and stop motion to make the jacquard
entirely self-acting in the production of designs at regular distances in plain cloth.
6. The particular modes of actuating jacquards and the disengaging motion, as
described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Hildebrandt, on behalf of myself and
the said John Charles Buckley, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Twentieth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-seven
Witness,
T. MORGAN,
Secretary,
Inventor's Patentright Association Ld.,
21, Cockspur Street,
Charing Cross,
S. W.
A. HILDEBRANDT. (L.S.)