Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Wheels for Vehicles.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Aug.. 18.95
Complete Specification Left, 10th June, 1896-Accepted, 10th Nov., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Wheels for
Vehicles.
We, FREDERICK JAMES LACKERSTEEN of, 48 Colebrooke Row, Islington, in
the County of London, Manufacturers' Agent, THOMAS JOHN PERRETT
of 35 Windsor Road, Willesden Green, in 'the county aforesaid, Engineer and
PHILIP WILSON of 48 Rochester Road, Kentish Town in the county aforesaid,
Van Builder do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention refers to the construction of cart, carriage, and other wheels,
whereby strength, lightness, and economy in manufacture are obtained; this we
accomplish by making such wheels in one piece or mass of material under pressure
in moulds of a shape or design in accordance with the wheels to be manufactured.
The material which we utilize for the purpose of, carrying our invention into
effect is pulp made from any suitable material such as wood, ésparto grass, or any
material now used in the manufacture of pulp for paper manufacture.
invention is particularly suitable for wheels with rubber tyres. We are able to
dispense with the ordinary steel tyre, as wheels constructed as hereafter described
being made of one piece, do not require binding or holding together, while we
obtain a lighter and cheaper, wheel than heretofore.
f
Our
We reduce, fibrous material to pulp in any known or convenient way and we
provide moulds such as those hereafter described of a shape or configuration to
conform to the pattern of wheel to be manufactured, and having introduced the
required quantity of pulp into its, mould (which latter may be made in two or
several parts) we submit the same to hydraulic pressure.
The outer rim or felloe of the wheel is or may be made or cast with a groove all
round the periphery. When made separately it may be formed of flanged rims or
of segments secured to the rim edges to form the groove. In this groove a rubber
or other tyre is inserted. This tyre may be solid or a so-called pneumatic tyre.
For the purpose of carrying our invention into effect we use a top and bottom
mould made of malleable or wrought iron, the bottom mould being formed the shape
of the wheel we desire to make but somewhat deeper than the width of the felloe.
or outer rim at the sides and with a hollow in the centre to form the front half of
the stock or nave.
The top mould or half is not so deep as the bottom mould and is formed in the
shape of the back of the wheel we desire to make, and the hollow in the centre to
form the back half of the stock or nave is left open at the top, but has a cover of
iron to slide in. We should say that the top half or mould fits into the bottom
half.
Now when we desire to make a wheel according to our invention we fill the
bottom half with pulp as full as it will hold, we then place our top half on, and
through the hole in the centre we fill in enough additional pulp to form the back half
of the stock, we then put the sliding cover on and exert equal and direct pressure
on the top half sufficient to solidify the pulp and the wheel is made.
:
When we desire to make wheels for rubber tyres, before entirely filling the
bottom half of the mould we place inside all round the rim, in two or more sections,
two pieces of metal, formed so as to produce the desired shape or section of the
rim, and between them sections of metal of a wedge shape and by this means we.

page_text: form a groove or channel in the outer rim or felloe of the wheel to receive the
rubber tyre.
We are aware that it has been heretofore proposed to make railway waggon
wheels of paper discs laid on each other and clamped and held together by plates,
and a metal tyre shrunk on the rim or felloe. We are also aware that it is not new
to make the interior of wheels of fibrous material, such as of flax, made into blocks
having the surfaces dissolved but not reduced to pulp, and then subjected to
hydraulic pressure in moulds.
We are not however aware that before our invention it was ever proposed to
manufacture wheels wholly from pulp whereby such wheels are made practically
in one piece, with a groove on the rim in a piece with or not in a piece with the
other part of the wheel proper for the reception of a solid or air inflated tyre
whereby lighter and cheaper wheels are manufactured than heretofore, and binding
or holding together is not required.
Dated this 10th day of August 1895
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for Applicant.
Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Wheels for
Vehicles.
We, FREDERICK JAMES LACKERSTEEN, of 48 Colebrooke Row, Islington in
the County of London Manufacturers' Agent, THOMAS JOHN PERRETT
of 35 Windsor Road, Willesden Green, in the county aforesaid, Engineer and
PHILIP WILSON of 48 Rochester Road, Kentish Town, in the county aforesaid,
Van Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
Our invention refers to the construction of cart, carriage and other wheels,
whereby strength, lightness and economy in manufacture are obtained; this we
accomplish by making such wheels in one piece or mass of material under pressure
in moulds of a shape or design in accordance with the wheels to be manufactured.
The material which we utilize for the purpose of carrying our invention into effect
is pulp made from any suitable material now used in the mauufacture of pulp for
paper manufacture or other suitable material, such as wood, esparto grass and the
like.
Our invention is particularly suitable for wheels with rubber tyres and we are
also able to dispense with the ordinary steel tyres as wheels constructed as
hereinafter described, being made of one piece do not require binding or holding
together, while we obtain a lighter and cheaper wheel than heretofore.
It is however evident that for heavy wearing purposes, or for producing flanged
wheels, such as railway wheels, for example, a metal tyre or tread may be used with
wheels constructed according to our invention, but it will be understood that these
metal tyres are not required for the purpose of binding the wheel together but for
affording a wearing or running surface.
We reduce fibrous material to pulp in any known or convenient manner and we
provide moulds such as those presently to be described, of a shape or configuration
to conform with the pattern of the wheel to be manufactured. Having introduced
the required quantity of pulp into the mould (which latter may be made in two or
several parts) we submit the same, preferably, to hydraulic pressure.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying sheet of drawings is a plan view of the lower half of
a mould suitable for making a carriage wheel.

page_text: Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section, Fig. 3 is a part transverse section on the
liney Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 is a detail view to an enlarged scale.
For the purpose of carrying our invention into effect we use a top mould a and a
bottom mould 6 made of malleable cast or wrought iron or of other suitable material
but preferably of cast steel or of iron. The bottom mould b is formed according to
the shape of the wheel we desire to make with radial recesses c for forming the
spokes, an annular recess d for the felloe and a hollow or recess e in the centre to
form the front half of the stock or nave. In order to allow the moisture to escape
the mould is provided with a number of holes f, small above and gradually enlarged
below to prevent their getting stopped up.
The upper part a of the mould is formed in the shape of the back of the wheel
to be produced with radial projectious or fins g for forming the backs of the spokes,
which projections may suitably be made separate from the upper part so as to be
easily renewable in case of breakage or when worn out or otherwise damaged. The
centre of the upper part a of the mould is made similar to the centre of the lower
part b except that it conforms to the back half of the stock or nave instead of to
the front half. The mould is provided with a relatively large hole at the top with
a cover or plug of metal which is screwed or bolted in. It is evident from the
foregoing that the upper half of the mould exactly fits into the lower half.
Now when we desire to make a wheel according to our invention, we fill the
lower half b with pulp. The upper half is then placed on and through the hole in
the centre additional pulp is put in to form the back of the stock. The cover or
plug his then put on and secured and direct pressure is applied sufficient to solidify
the pulp and the wheel is made.
There is a cover or plug p in the lower half of the mould which is removed
when the wheel is finished to enable an instrument to be used to force the wheel
out of the mould.
There may be laid centrally in the mould before filling the same, a metal core or
axle box having a number of projections or recesses to ensure the pulp gripping it
firmly, or there may be inserted a similar but somewhat larger core of wood
which will permit of being bored out and provided with an axle box in the usual
manner.
In Figure 2 is shown a section of felloe i with a flat tread, but when we desire to
make wheels for rubber tyres the outer rim or felloe i¹ of the wheel is or may be
cast with a groove k all round the periphery as shown in Figure 4. The groove k
may conveniently be formed by means of a liner having a rim or flange m of a
thickness say, a third of the total width the groove is to have. This flange may
have its sides parallel or wedge shaped. One side of the groove is produced by a
detachable rim or flange n of the form shown which takes into an annular groove
in the liner below the rim m and the other side of the groove is produced by
another detachable rim or flange o. If desired, and to avoid any of these rims or
flanges from being displaced, when the wheel is being formed, they may be bolted
or otherwise fixed to the liner from the outside so as to be held firmly in position,
care being taken that there shall be no part of the bolts or other fastenings
projecting, which might detract from the smoothness of the finished article. Into
the groove k when formed a rubber or other tyre is inserted in any well known
manner.
If a tyre of a round section be used the groove may be made half round or more
or less trough-shaped and in that case it is evident that the liner / is made with a
rim of a corresponding section. The liner and the rims or flanges are made in
segments so as to be easily removable when the wheel is withdrawn from the
mould.
It is evident that moulds of different forms will have to be employed making
different kinds of wheels.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we would state that we

page_text: are aware that it has been heretofore proposed to make railway waggon wheels of
paper discs laid on each other clamped and held together by plates or discs and
with a metal tyre shrunk on to form the rim or felloe; we are also aware that it is
not new to make the interior of wheels of fibrous material such as of flax, made into
blocks having the surfaces dissolved but not reduced to pulp and then subjected to
hydraulic pressure in moulds; we are not however aware that before our invention
it was ever proposed to manufacture wheels wholly from pulp whereby such wheels
are made practically in one piece thus permitting lighter and cheaper wheels to be
manufactured than heretofore and separate binding or holding together is not
required, and we declare that what we claim is :-
1. A wheel made of pulp produced by subjecting the pulp in a suitable mould to
pressure substantially as described.
2. A wheel made of pulp produced by subjecting the pulp in a suitable
mould to pressure and having a central metal or wooden core substantially as
described.
3. A mould for producing a wheel from pulp consisting of an upper part a with
a hollow for the stock, a hole closed by a removable plug h and projections or fins g
for forming the backs of the spokes, and a lower half b with radial recesses c for
forming the fronts of the spokes, an annular recess d for the felloe, a liner made
in segments and a hollow e for the front of the stock substantially as set forth.
4. The construction of moulds shown on the drawing.
Dated this 10th day of June 1896.
JENSEN & SON,
77 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.