Improvements connected with the Manufacture of Carpets.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements connected with the Manufacture of Carpets.
We, HEINRICH PANITSCHEK, Director of the Weaving School of Sarajevo,
Bosnia, and JOHANN AHORN, Manager of the said School, and both of Sarajevo
aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
An essential difference between the coarse and long-piled Smyrna carpets and
the fine and short-piled Persian carpets consists in the winding of the knots.
In the case of the so-called Smyrna knot, the pattern threads are wound around
the warp in the direction of the weft, in such a manner that the ends of the
knotting piece pass through to the surface between the pair of knot threads
(ie., the warp threads to which the pattern threads are attached) as is shown
in Fig. A of the accompanying drawings.
The pile is, therefore, distributed uniformly, because the pile or tufts formed
by the ends of the pattern thread passes to the surface between the two warp
threads of one and the same pair, but no pile passes to the surface between the
adjacent warp threads of the two pairs. If a carpet with such Smyrna knots were
cut very short, ribs with interspaces would be produced, because the pile cannot
cover the interspaces arising between the several knots.
It is otherwise in the case of the knot of fine Persian carpets. In this case,
as shown in Fig. B, a pile end passes to the surface between each two warp-
threads, so that a completely uniform distribution of the pile is produced.
In order to prepare such a Persian carpet, there is first of all produced a
pattern fabric which contains the differently coloured warp threads intended for
the formation of the knots, in an order, in respect of colours, corresponding to
the design to be produced. The production of this pattern fabric is effected in
the following way:-
The diagram made in colours and drawn on ordinary line or network paper,
is first of all cut in the warp direction into strips, of which each contains, in
the weft direction, a number (for example eight) of knotting points. The several
strips are numbered in succession and are used in this succession for the pre-
paration of the pattern fabric.
The first row of knotting points of the first strip is then read off from the
diagram strip in its colour order from left to right, and the weft threads coloured
in accordance with these (eight) knots, are picked in; the second row of the
same strip is read off from right to left, the third row again from left to right,
and so on, and the coloured weft threads correspondingly picked in, until the
entire strip and the entire diagram are worked through.
The pattern fabric thus obtained is cut up in the direction of the warp inte
bands, of which each band in its cross section contains pattern-thread pieces
separated from one another by small interspaces, and of such a length as is neces-
sary for the production of the Persian knot. The pattern-thread pieces must
therefore be held at distances apart such that, during the production of the
knots, they can never be drawn out of the bands otherwise than individually.
The binding of the pattern fabric must therefore be such that it does not allow.
of the striking up of the weft that has been inserted, but nevertheless holls

page_text: the knotting-thread pieces sufficiently firmly when the pattern fabric is cut up
into bands.
The invention relates to a method for producing such a pattern fabric and
to the power loom serving for carrying out the said method.
This method consists in that the weft threads forming the knotting threads
are inserted one after another, in the order corresponding to the rows of the
diagram strip, into a warp whose doubly twisted threads are, for each pick,
untwisted to the extent of a definite number of revolutions, on the warp beam
side, but on the fabric side they are additionally twisted to the extent of the
same number of revolutions, so that the weft. threads that have been inserted
and cut off to the correct length, are twisted up into the warp and are separated
from one another by small interspaces, whereupon the pattern fabric thus pro-
duced is cut up in the warp direction into bands before being wound-up on the
fabric beam.
The loom serving for carrying out the method is so arranged that the weaver
is in the position to effect the change of colours for several rows beforehand
independently of the speed (number of revolutions) of the loom, and even, when
required, when the loom is at rest.
For this purpose, an arrangement is provided which is furnished with a
number of coloured keys which correspond to the colours to be inserted, and
which do not directly effect the change of colours, but first of all prepare the
several cards of a card chain in such a manner that the change of colours cor-
responding to the card pressed-in for the time being can be effected by the
striking of a cylinder belonging to the card chain.
The weaver is therefore not compelled to effect the change exactly in accord-
ance with the number of revolutions of the loom if he were, he would not always
succeed in the case of quick changes of colours, and, on the other hand, could
not, in the case of larger plain surfaces, work quicker than allowed by the number
of the revolutions of the loom; besides, his entire attention would have to be
devoted to the changing of the colours and he could not attend to the loom also.
The coloured weft thread to be inserted is engaged by a pair of tongs provided
in the shuttle, drawn by the said pair of tongs through the shed, and finally
transferred by it to a pair of receiving tongs arranged at the end of the batten
way, whilst the shuttle, which runs empty into the shuttle-box, operates a
cutting-off device which cuts off the weft thread, which is held fast in two
places, to the correct length and near to where the change is effected, whereupon
the shuttle boxes are lowered and the shuttle is driven back empty through a
second batten way located outside the shed in order then to be raised again
into the plane of the first batten way.
The finished pattern fabric is finally, before being wound upon the fabric
beam, cut up into bands, by means of shears operated at intervals of time.
In the accompanying drawings there is represented a loom arranged in
accordance with the invention for the production of the pattern fabric.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation, and Figs. 2 and 3 respectively a left-hand and a
right-hand end elevation of the loom.
Figs. 4 and 5 show the batten way in elevation and in horizontal section
respectively, the shuttle being in the out-going position.
Figs. 6 and 7 likewise show the batten way in elevation and in horizontal
section, the shuttle being at the left-hand end of the batten way.
Figs. 8 and 9 show, in elevation and plan respectively, the clamps and cutting-
off device for the pattern weft-thread arranged at the right-hand end of the
batten way.
Fig. 10 shows a cross section through the shuttle.
Figs. 11 and 12 show, in elevation and plan respectively, the arrangement
serving for rotating (twisting) the warp-threads.
Figs. 13 and 14 show, in front elevation and side elevation respectively, the
lifters that effect the change of colour.

page_text: Figs. 15 and 16 show the key device for enecting the change o1 colour, in two
positions, and also the card chain located thereunder.
Figs. 17 and 18 show, in two working positions, the arrangement that effects
the further rotation of the card cylinder after each liberation of a depressed
key.
Fig. 19 shows a horizontal transverse section through the arrangement
represented in Fig. 17.
Figs. 20 and 21 show the colour changing device proper in elevation and plan
respectively, the front part being represented in section.
Figs. 22, 23, and 24 show the weft detector in three different working
positions.
Figs. 25 and 26 show the feeling lever device arranged in the batten way
for actuating the shearing device serving for cutting off the pattern threads that
have been picked in.
Figs. 27 and 28 show the shearing device serving for cutting up the finished
pattern fabric and the device for operating the same.
Fig. 29 shows the finished pattern fabric partly not cut up and partly already
divided into bands.
Fig. 30 shows the diagram of a Persian carpet.
As shown in Figs. 2 and 12, each two warp threads 1, 1 that belong together
are, before they pass through the headles, each passed through a twisting
wheel 2 like those employed in hand looms. All the twisting wheels engage in
a common toothed driver 3 which is arranged under them and on whose shaft
is located a toothed wheel 4 which engages with a larger toothed wheel 5. On
the shaft of the toothed wheel 5 there is loosely located a smaller toothed wheel 6
in which engages a toothed segment 8, which can be swung about the pin 7
and which is oscillated from the main shaft 12 by means of the link 9, the
lever 10, and the cam 11. On the hub of the small toothed wheel 6 there is a
nose 13, which, when the segment swings upwards, takes with it a spring pawl 14
fastened on the larger toothed wheel 5, and in consequence of this effects the
rotation of the toothed wheel 5, the driver 3, and the twisting wheels, whilst
during the downward movement of the segment only the wheel 6 is rotated,
all the other driving parts remaining at rest. The twisting wheels consequently
rotate always in the same direction and by suitably choosing the transmission
it is brought about that the twisting wheels make three revolutions during
each revolution of the main shaft 12. The warp threads 1 pass from the twisting
wheels directly to the headles 15 and 16, of which the rearward one 15 is
mechanically raised and falls in consequence of its own weight, whilst the front
one 16 is, on the contrary, mechanically lowered and is raised by springs 17.
Before raising and lowering, the headles receive a slight lateral horizontal move-
ment, the raised headle receiving one towards the right hand and the lowered
headle one towards the left hand. The lateral shifting and also the raising and
lowering of the shaft are effected from the main shaft 12 by means of the
cams 18, the levers 19, and the rods 20, which engage the small angular levers 21
which are pivoted to the bars 22 and bear against the corresponding headles with
their upwardly directed arms. The two headles 15 and 16 have so much play
in their guides 23 that they can be shifted somewhat towards the right hand
and the left hand in these guides. The two bars 22 can, however, be only
raised and lowered in the guides 23 and cannot be shifted laterally. When
the rods 20 are raised or lowered by the cams 18, first of all the small angular
levers 21 are turned and in consequence of this the headles are moved laterally
in their guides. When the headles strike against the vertical limiting sur-
faces of the guides, the angular levers 21 cannot rotate further and the rods 20
now effect the raising or lowering of the already laterally moved headles. The
insertion of the weft is always effected from the right towards the left.
The apparatus for changing the colours and the devices appertaining thereto,
are therefore arranged on the right-hand side of the loom.

page_text: The colour changing apparatus proper, comprises a segment 25 which can be
swung about the shaft 24 and which has inserted in it, so as to be movable, a
number (corresponding to the number of the coloured threads to be employed)
of centrally perforated cylinders 26, which are pressed outwards by springs. In
the present case 15 of such cylinders are provided, of which each is furnished
at its outer end with a thread guide 27 which is wedge-shaped in cross section
and whose bore opens out laterally so as to form an angle of 90 degrees, as shown
in Fig. 21. The different coloured warp threads 28, which are wound-up on
large bobbins 29, are drawn into the cylinders 26 and the thread guides 27, so
far that the ends of the warp threads pass out of the thread guides to the
extent of about 2 centimetres.
The batten 30 is provided, in its rear wall, near to the first warp thread, and
opposite to the segment 25, with a slot 31 (Figs. 1 and 20), into which one of
the thread guides 27 can enter when the batten is in its rearward position, whilst
the other adjacent thread guides are pressed back by the solid part of the batten,
as shown in Fig. 20. The thread guide that enters the slot 31 projects so far
into the batten way 32 (Figs. 4 and 5) that the projecting piece of thread is
engaged by a specially arranged shuttle, which is subsequently described, and
can be drawn through the open shed, as much yarn as is necessary for the
breadth of the pattern fabric being unwound from the corresponding bobbin 29.
Since only that thread which issues from the thread guide passing into the batten
way at the moment, has entered into the fabric, the position of the segment
determines the order in which the coloured threads are picked-in.
In the present case there are provided 15 differently coloured threads, where-
fore the segment can assume 15 different positions.
For producing these positions, the following device is provided:
On the pivotal shaft 24 of the segment 25 there are keyed two arms 33 whose
ends are connected by a rod on which 15 lifters 34 of different effective lengthis
are suspended by means of their eyes so as to be capable of being swung. Each
of the lifters is provided with a dovetail projection 35 which determines the
effective length of the lifter and on which the two blades 36 and 37 can act when
the corresponding lifter is brought within their range. The blades are capable
of being moved in guides 38 and are operated from the main shaft 12 by means
of the crank 39, the connecting rods 40, and the bent levers 41 in such a
manner that the blades simultaneously approach and move apart, so that one
blade rises when the other falls, and vice versa.
In Fig. 13 the inner extreme position of the blades is indicated by full lines
and the outer extreme position by broken lines; the segment is in a middle
position (Fig. 3). If the segment is to be brought from one position into
another so as to insert into the batten way a thread guide whose lifter (pro-
jection 35) is in a raised position in consequence of the previous position of the
segment, then, after this lifter has been brought into the range of the blades,
the upper blade 36 is brought into action and engages the upper surface of the
projec'ion 35 of this lifter and lowers it until the inner extreme position of the
blades is attained, in consequence of which the corresponding thread guide
comes to stand, as desired, in front of the slot 31 of the batten 30.
If, however, the segment is to be raised from one position into another
that is to say, a lower thread guide is to be brought opposite to the slot 31-
then, after the corresponding lifter has been operated, the lower blade comes into
operation since the projection 35 of the said lifter is lowered in consequence of
the previous position of the segment and consequently is lower than corresponds
to the inner extreme position of the blade.
The weights of the segment 25, the arms 33, and the lifters 34 are counter-
balanced by the spring 42, and on the segment there is provided a projection 43
(Figs. 20 and 21) against which a brake block 44 is pressed by a spring in
order to hold the segment in any position that it occupies for the time-being
at any moment.

page_text: Each of the lifters is embraced and held by a bell-crank lever 45 and each
of the levers 45 possesses at its underside a pin 46. Underneath the levers 45
there is arranged the cylinder 47, which is moved up and down, and over which
the card chain 48 is passed. In each card there are provided as many holes
as there are bent levers 45 or lifters. When the cylinder 47 strikes, those bent
levers 45 whose pins 46 can enter a free hole of the card, are left unaffected and
the corresponding lifters remain in the inoperative position out of reach of the
blades. When, however, a hole in the card is stopped or filled up, then, when
the cylinder strikes, the pin 46 is pressed upwards and the corresponding bent
lever is moved in such a manner that it turns the corresponding lifter towards
the blades so that the projection 35 comes within range of the blades and is
raised or lowered by one of them, until, as shown in Fig. 14, it is held fast by the
blades when they reach their inner extreme position, when the segment 25 is so
placed that the thread guide 27 corresponding to the said lifter is placed opposite
to the slot 31.
The raising and lowering of the cylinder 47 is effected by the cam 49 (Fig. 1),
which is keyed on the main shaft 12 and which acts on one arm of a two-armed
lever 50 (Figs. 1 and 3) whose other arm carries the cylinder 47.
The turning
backwards is effected in a known manner by means of a turning pawl on the
downward movement of the cylinder.
The stopping or filling up of the holes in the cards is effected by means of
balls (Figs. 15 and 16), which the weaver can, by means of a key device, allow
to fall into the holes of the cards in accordance with the design before him.
For each of the lifters 34 there is provided a key 51 and each card has as many
holes as there are keys or lifters; in the present case there are consequently
15 keys, and 15 holes in each card.
The keys 51 form bent levers (Figs. 15 and 16), whose downwardly extending
arms are jointed to slides 52 that are under spring pressure. Each of these
slides has a perforation, which, when the key is in its position of rest, is located
under the bottom opening of the corresponding ball-holder 53 and is therefore
always filled with a ball.
Under the slides and somewhat to the rear of the ball holder, there is arranged
a cylinder 54 over which the card chain 48 runs. By pressing down a key
(Fig. 16), the slide 52 connected with it is moved towards the cards in such a
manner that its perforation and the ball contained therein are brought over the
corresponding hole, into which, therefore, the ball falls. The holes in the cards
are each formed by a cavity which is widened but which narrows towards the
falling-in opening so that the balls can fall out of the cards only when the
falling-in openings are directed downwards.
Since the operation of a definite lifter corresponds also to a definite position
of segment, there should always be only one lifter in each case brought within
the range of the blades 36 and 37 and therefore in each card only one hole should
be filled up by a ball. The cylinder 54 must, therefore, when the key is liberated,
immediately receive a further of a revolution in the same direction as before,
so that it may be impossible for a second ball to pass, through oversight, into
the same card; moreover, another empty card must be immediately ready for
the succeeding depression of a key in order that the keys may be worked
quickly.
The immediate further rotation of the cylinder 51 when the depressed key
is liberated is effected by means of the following arrangement. One end wall
of the cylinder is formed by a toothed wheel 55 (Figs. 17, 18, and 19), which
engages in a smaller toothed wheel 56 whose diameter is related to that of the
wheel 55 as one to six. The toothed wheel 56 is located on a common shaft with
a friction disc 57 and. both are driven in the direction indicated by the arrows
in Figs. 18 and 19, by the quickly rotating second friction disc 58, which is
loosely located on the same shaft.

page_text: The friction disc 58 is, as shown in Fig. 1, rotated by means of a belt from
the loose pulley of the looni and consequently whilst the loom is at rest. The
friction disc 57 carries on its inner plane surface a pin 59, which, when the
keys 51 are at rest, bears upon a nose 60 of the lever 61, in consequence of
which the disc 57 cannot be carried along. When, however, one of the keys is
depressed, then the oscillator 62 and the lever 61 located with it on the same
shaft 63, are thereby swung towards the right hand. The pin 59 therefore
becomes free and the disc 57 carrying it is taken along by the friction disc 58
until the pin 59 strikes the step 64 of the lever 61, which is inclined downwards
on the top (Fig. 18), and is thereby held fast.
When the key is subsequently liberated, the oscillator 62 can swing towards
the left hand under the action of a spring. By this means the lever 61 is swung
towards the left hand and the pin 59, which slides downwards along the inclined
step 64, again becomes free. The disc 57 is now taken along by the friction
disc 58 until the former, after being rotated again, is again stopped by the
striking of the pin 59 against the nose 60.
By the revolution of the disc 67, the cylinder 54 is, in consequence of the
wheel transmission ratio chosen (1:6), moved through one sixth of a revolution
and a new empty card is brought under the slide 52.
When the cards have moved the lifters, they pass gradually downwards and
into such a position that the balls are emptied into a collecting box 65 (Fig. 3)
from which they can be removed and again employed for filling the ball
holder 53.
After the segment 25 has been adjusted and the batten has reached its
rearward end position (Fig. 3) the shuttle 66 is provided, on the side that is
turned towards the reed 67, with a groove 671, which passes through length-
wise and which can be entered by the thread guide 27 that projects into the
batten way 32. In the middle of the groove there is arranged a pair of tongs 68,
which consists of a double spring, which is opened by the wedge-shaped thread
guide 27 passing between the springs when the shuttle is picked, and closes
again as soon as the thread guide 27 has passed through, whereupon it grasps
the end of the thread projecting out of the thread guide (Fig. 5) and takes the
thread with it through the open shed. On the left-hand side of the batten 30,
near to the edge of the fabric, there is the pair of receiving tongs 69, which
consists of two pivoted strips that are held closed by springs 70. The double
spring 68 slides through between the pivoted strips and thereby opens them
and is then itself opened by means of a pin 71 located in the batten
(Fig. 6), in consequence of which the double spring 68 liberates the thread,
which is now lightly held by the pair of receiving tongs 69. The shuttle 66
then proceeds empty into the left-hand side shuttle box 73. This shuttle box
is provided with a feeling lever 74 (Figs. 1, 25, and 26), which is pressed out-
wards (Fig. 26) on the entry of the shuttle into the shuttle box. This motion
is transferred by means of the levers 75 and 76 and of the shaft 77 (Fig. 1) to
the right-hand side of the loom, in consequence of which the pair of shears
serving for cutting off the weft thread that has been inserted, is operated. This
pair of shears consists of an upper shear part 78 which is provided with a
pressing spring 79 that precedes the shear cutter and is connected by means
of the link 80 with the arm S1 keyed on the shaft 77. The second and lower
shear part 82 (Figs. S and 9) is arranged in the batten way 32 near to the
opening 31 for the entry of the thread guide 27.
way
When the shuttle 66 enters the left-hand box 73, the weft thread that has
been inserted is, as shown in Figs. 25 and 26, first of all pressed down by the
pressing spring 19 and is thereupon cut off by the upper shear part 78, which
follows. The weft thread that has been inserted and which has been cut off to
the breadth of the pattern fabric to be produced, is now lightly held on the one
hand by the receiving tongs 69 and on the other hand by the pressing spring 79,

page_text: and it remains in this position until it is struck, by the batten 30, up to the
finished pattern fabric, whereupon the ends of the thread are drawn out of the
holding parts.
The two shuttle boxes 72 and 73 are not rigidly connected with the batten,
but can be raised and lowered; when the batten is laid back and the shed
is opened, they are in the raised position, and when the batten is
in the forward (struck up) position and the shed is closed they are in
the lower position. When they are in the latter position the shuttle boxes are
in the plane of a second batten way 83 (Figs. 1-3, and 22-26), which is located
under the batten way proper 32 and through which the shuttle is shot back
empty from the left towards the right under the warp when the shuttle boxes
are in their lower position. When the batten 30 moves backwards again (towards
the segment 25), the shuttle 66, which in the meantime has arrived on the
right hand, rises, in consequence of the raising of the shuttle boxes, to the level
of the upper batten way 32, and now stands ready for the next pick. The
raising and lowering of the shuttle boxes is effected by means of guides 84
(Figs. 1-3) on which rest, by means of sliding rollers 86, the supporting rods 85,
which hold the shuttle boxes, and which are inserted, so as to be movable, in
eyes 87 fastened to the batten 30.
The weft detector is provided on the rear side of the batten 80. This weft
detector comprises, as shown in Figs. 2, 22, 23, and 24, the feeling lever 88,
which is connected with the catch 90 by means of a rod 89. When the batten
has been put back (Figs. 2 and 22), the arm 91, which is rigidly connected with
the catch 90, strikes against the fixed pin or stop 92, in consequence of which
the feeling lever 88 and the catch 90 are raised (Fig. 22). When the batten
has been turned forward slightly (Fig. 23), the lever 88 and the catch 90 fall
again, but are prevented by the weft thread that has been inserted from falling
down completely, so that the catch 90 can, during the further movement of the
batten, move freely over the nose 93 of the stopping rod 94 without taking the
latter with it. When, however, there is no weft in the batten way, or the weft
thread is broken, the lever 88 falls through a notch in the batten way 32 until
it is under the same, and the catch 90 comes within range of the nose 93 of the
disengaging rod 94 (Fig. 24), takes this with it during the further movement
(striking up) of the batten, and stops the loom in a known manner.
The loom is also provided on each side with a shuttle detector. The left-hand
shuttle detector is formed simply by the feeling lever 74 that effects the cutting
off of the weft thread 28. For this purpose there is keyed on the said shaft 77
an arm 116, which is connected by means of a cord with a catch 118 mounted
on the arm 117.
When the shuttle is in the left-hand shuttle box 73, the arm 116 is turned
into a position such that the catch 118 is lowered, so that it is carried along
by a step of the bent piece 119 and the picking is by this means effected.
When, on the contrary, there is no shuttle in the box, the catch is raised and
the segment cannot therefore move it. There is the same arrangement on the
right-hand side of the loom with this difference, however, that the arm 116 is
located on a special short shaft 77, as shown in Fig. 1.
The finished pattern fabric coming from the breast-beam 107 is, before it is
wound up on the fabric beam 95, cut up into bands, which are similar to one
another and each of which has two twisted warp threads (at a distance apart
of about 1 centimetres) with differently coloured pattern threads which are
held between the warp threads and which are at a distance apart of about
1 centimetre.
The shears 90, the number of which is equal to that of the bands to be pro-
duced less 1, receive their motion from the main shaft 12 by means of the belt
pulley 97, which is keyed on the shaft 12 and whose diameter is to that of the
driven pulley (Figs. 1 and 28) as 1:4 so that after every four revolutions of

page_text: the main shaft 12 a cut is made by which four weft threads, which have been
inserted one after another and have come within the range of the shears, are
cut through.
The transmission of the motion from the belt pulley 98 to the movable shear
part (Figs. 27 and 28) is effected by means of a cam disc 99 which is located on
the shaft of the belt pulley and which operates the roller lever 100, which, by
means of the link 101, is connected with the movable shear part and effects
the closure, whilst the opening of the shears is caused by the spring 102.
The motion of the batten and the picking of the shuttle are effected in a
known manner, the former from the driving shaft 12 by means of cranks 103
and levers 104 (Fig. 3) and the latter by means of the striking of the two
tappets 105 located on the main shaft 12, as shown in Fig. 1.
The warp
bean 106 (Fig. 2) is provided with a steel band brake of a known kind and
the breast beam 107 with a positive regulator 108, which is moved by the batten
by means of the slotted rod 109 and the connecting rod 110, whilst the fabric
beam 95 is provided with a negative regulator 111 whose ratchet lever 112 is
loaded with a weight and bears upon a cross pin 113 of the batten.
The procedure on working the loom is as follows:-
The doubly twisted warp threads, which have 3 twists to the centimetre, run
from the warp beam 106 over a tension roller 114, thence separately through
the holes of the twisting wheels 2, through the headles 15 and 16, and the
reed 67, and are, together with the differently coloured warp threads, taken up
as finished goods by the breast beam (Fig. 2).
The coloured weft threads that are employed run from their bobbins 29 through
the perforated axle 24 of the segment 25, and pass thence separately into the
cylinders 26 and the thread guides 27, of which only the one that corresponds
to the card in position, passes forward into the batten way 82.
In order to produce the pattern fabric on the loom described, the known and
already described preliminary operation is effected. The diagram (Fig. 30) is,
in fact, divided in the direction of the warp threads into strips I, II, III
each of which is composed of rows I', II', II'
arranged in the direction
of the weft and of (for example) S knotting points each.
The working on the loom is then begun, the several rows of knotting
points I, II, III'
corresponding to the picks, being read off in reference
to the colour order and in the described way alternately from left to right and
from right to left.
At the beginning of the work, the batten 30 is in its rearward position (Figs. 2
and 3), and the twisting wheels 2 have, in the time shortly before and after the
striking up of the previous pick to the finished goods, received three revolutions
in the direction opposite to that of the twisting of the warp, in consequence
of which the warp threads are untwisted in the direction of the warp beam
but receive additional twist in the direction of the goods. The headle 15 is in
the raised position, and the headle 16 in the lowered position. Both headles;
however, receive previously, as herein before mentioned, a lateral movement
which has the following result. Since the twisting wheels must cause a twisting
of the pairs of warp threads, they cannot be passed through nails or eyes but
must, during this twisting, be quite independent of the headles. Instead of
mails, the headles are provided with lateral engaging pins 115 (Fig. 2), which
are so short that, before the lateral movement of the headles, they stand outside
the small shed formed by the twisting wheels and therefore do not affect the
corresponding warp threads. When, however, the headles are moved laterally,
these pins project or engage in this small shed, in consequence of which the
warp threads are carried along during the raising and lowering of the headles,
and a sufficiently large shed is formed for the passage of the shuttle 66. The
thread guide 27 determined by the cards, projects with the projecting end of
the thread into the batten way 32.
The shuttle 66 is now shot out of the right-hand shuttle box 32. The thread
guide 27 passes between the double spring 68 of the shuttle 66 and opens the

page_text: spring, which thereupon, on the further forward movement of the shuttle,
immediately closes behind the thread guide, engages the projecting end of the
weft thread (Fig. 4 and 5), and draws the weft through the open shed until the
double spring of the shuttle passes through the receiving tongs 69 on the other
side of the fabric, in consequence of which the end of the weft thread is given
up to the said receiving tongs and lightly held thereby (Figs. 6 and 7). The
shuttle now passes into the left-hand shuttle box 73 (Fig. 1), presses the feeling
lever 74 outwards during this, and thereby causes the weft thread to be lightly
held by the pressing spring 79 and to be cut off by the shears 78, 82 on the right-
hand side of the loom (Figs. 8 and 9).
The weft thread, lightly held by the pair of receiving tongs 69 and the
spring 79, is, during the forward movement of the batten 30, pressed against
the finished goods, and in consequence of the simultaneously effected partial
twisting of the warp held fast by this.
During the forward movement of the batten, the two shuttle boxes 72 and 73
descend, and, shortly before the weft is struck up to the finished goods, come
within range of the lower batten way 83, whereupon the shuttle 66 is shot from
left to right. During the backward movement of the batten the two shuttle
boxes are again raised and when they have reached the plane of the upper
batten way 32 they again stand ready for the shooting of the shuttle for the
next pick.
The changing of the colours is effected by the shifting of the segment 25 by
means of the action of the pattern cards on the lifters 34, and it takes place
in the time between the forward movement and the backward movement of the
batten, but in such a manner that when the batten has reached its rearward
position it finds the thread guide 27 already in place.
The operation of the positive breast beam regulator 108 is effected during
the forward movement of the batten. The finished goods are then drawn forward
by one centimetre and are taken up in the form of bands by the fabric beam 95,
which is provided with a negative regulator 111. The shears 96 for cutting
off the finished goods are arranged between the breast beam and the goods
beam and are operated at intervals of time, in consequence of which the goods
that have been finished are always immediately cut up into bands.
When a bobbin 29 is empty, or when any weft thread can be drawn through
the corresponding thread guide only with difficulty or (in consequence of a
knot) not at all, then the weft detector comes into operation. In this case the
feeling lever 88 descends until it is under the batten way 32, and thereby stops
the loom in the manner previously described.
In order to render discernible each row (I', II', III¹
) in the pattern
fabric or in the bands, and thereby to render it possible to see whether or not
there is the correct number of small pieces of thread in each row, a double
interval is left between each two rows.e., between the last pick of one row
and the first pick of the succeeding row.
For
In order to effect this the loom must make an idle revolution-that is to say,
the twisting wheels 2 and the regulator must work but no pick must be inserted.
This is brought about by giving the segment such a position that none of the
thread guides passes into the range of the batten way, in consequence of which,
notwithstanding the picking of the shuttle, no warp thread is inserted.
this purpose there is provided a sixteenth key and also a sixteenth lifter (the
outer lifter on the right hand in Fig. 13) whose projection 35 is so arranged
that the segment is given an intermediate position such that, when the segment
is located therein, no thread guide passes into the batten way and therefore no
warp thread can be inserted.
Dat his 27th
T...
1000
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicants..

page_text: .
Improvements connected with the Manufacture of Carpets.
We, HEINRICH PANITSCILEK, Director of the Weaving School of Sarajevo,
Bosnia, and JOHANN AHORN, Manager of the said School, and both of Sarajevo
aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement: —
4
An essential difference between the coarse and long-piled Smyrna carpets and
the fine and short-piled Persian carpets consists in the winding of the knots.
In the case of the so-called Smyrna knot, the pattern threads are wound around
the warp in the direction of the weft, in such a manner that the ends of the
knotting piece pass through to the surface between the pair of knot threads
(ie., the warp threads to which the pattern threads are attached) as shown in
Fig. A of the drawings filed with our Provisional Specification; the pile is,
therefore, distributed ununiformly, because the part of the pile formed by the
ends of each pattern thread passes to the surface between the two warp threads
of one and the same pair of knot threads, but no part of the pile passes to the
surface between the adjacent warp threads of two pairs of knot threads.. If
a carpet with such Smyrna knots were cut very short, ribs with interspaces would-
be produced, because the pile cannot cover the interspaces arising between the
several knots.
It is otherwise in the case of the knots of fine Persian carpets. In this case,
as shown in Fig. B, a pile end passes to the surface between each two warp-
threads, so that a completely uniform distribution of the pile is produced.
In order to prepare such a Persian carpet, there is first of all produced a
pattern fabric which contains the differently coloured weft threads intended for
the formation of the knots, in an order, in respect of colours, corresponding, to
the design to be produced. The production of this pattern fabric is effected
in the following way:-
The diagram made in colours and drawn on ordinary line or network paper,
is first of all cut in the warp direction into strips, of which each contains, in
the weft direction, a number (for example, eight) of knotting points. The
several strips are numbered in succession and are used in this succession for
the preparation of the pattern fabric.
The first row of knotting points of the first strip is then read off in its colour
order from left to right, and weft threads coloured in accordance with these
(eight) knots, are picked in; the second row of the same strip is read off from
right to left, the third row again from left to right, and so on, and the coloured
weft threads correspondingly picked in, until the entire strip and the entire
diagram are worked through.
The pattern fabric thus obtained is cut up in the direction of the warp into
bands, of which each band in its cross section contains pattern-thread pieces
separated from one another by small interspaces, and of such a length as is
necessary for the production of a Persian knot. The pattern-thread pieces must
therefore be held at distances apart such that, during the production of the
knots, they can never be drawn out of the bands otherwise than individually.
The binding of the pattern fabric must therefore be such that it does not admit
of the firm striking up of the weft that has been inserted, but nevertheless
holds the knotting-thread pieces sufficiently firmly when the pattern fabric is
cut up into bands.
The invention relates to a method for producing such a pattern fabric and
to a power loom serving for carrying out the said method.

page_text: This method consists in that the weft threads forming the knotting threads
are inserted one after another, in the order corresponding to the rows of the
diagram strip, into a warp having doubly (i.e., two-ply) twisted threads which,
for each pick are untwisted to the extent of a definite number of revolutions,
on the warp beam side, but on the fabric side are additionally twisted to the
extent of the same number of revolutions, so that the weft threads that have
been inserted and cut off to the correct length, are twisted up in the warp
(ie., held therein by the twisting of the warp) and are separated from one
another by small interspaces, whereupon the pattern fabric thus produced is cut
up in the warp direction into bands before being wound-up on the fabric beam.
The loom serving for carrying out the method is so arranged that the weaver
is in the position to effect the change of colours for several rows beforehand
independently of the speed (number of revolutions) of the loom, and even, when
required, when the loom is at rest.
For this purpose, an arrangement is provided which is furnished with a
number of coloured keys which correspond to the colours to be inserted, and
which do not directly effect the change of colours, but first of all prepare the
several cards of a card chain in such a manner that the change of colours corre-
sponding to the card pressed-in for the time being can be effected by the striking
of a cylinder belonging to the card chain.
The weaver is therefore not compelled to effect the change exactly in accord-
ance with the number of revolutions of the loom; if he were, he would not,
on the one hand, always succeed in the case of quick changing of colours, and,
on the other hand, could not, in the case of larger plain surfaces, work quicker
than allowed by the number of the revolutions of the loom; besides, his entire
attention would have to be devoted to the changing of the colours and he could
not attend to the loom also.
The coloured weft thread to be inserted is engaged by a pair of tongs pro-
vided in the shuttle, is drawn by the said pair of tongs through the shed, and
is finally transferred by it to a pair of receiving tongs arranged at the end of
the batten way, whilst the shuttle, which runs empty into the shuttle-box,
operates a cutting-off device which cuts off the weft thread, which is held fast
in two places, to the correct length and near to where the change of colours is
effected, whereupon the shuttle boxes are lowered, and the shuttle is driven
back empty through a second batten way located outside the shed in order
then to be raised again into the plane of the first batten way.
The finished pattern fabric is finally, before being wound upon the fabric
beam, cut up into bands, by means of shears operated at intervals of time.
In the drawings filed with our Provisional Specification there is represented
a loom arranged in accordance with the invention for the production of the
pattern fabric.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation, and Figs. 2 and 3 respectively a left hand and a
right hand end elevation of the loom.
Figs. 4 and 5 show the batten way in elevation and in horizontal section
respectively, the shuttle being in the outgoing position.
Figs. 6 and 7 likewise show the batten way in elevation and in horizontal
section, the shuttle being at the left-hand end of the batten wav.
Figs. 8 and 9 show, in elevation and plan respectively, the clamping and cutting-
off device for the pattern weft-threads arranged at the right-hand end of the
batten way.
Fig. 10 shows a cross section through the shuttle.
Figs. 11 and 12 show, in elevation and plan respectively, the arrangement
serving for twisting the warp-threads.
Figs. 13 and 14 illustrate, in front elevation and side elevation respectively,
the lifters that effect the colour changing.
Figs. 15 and 16 illustrate the key device for effecting the colour changing,
in two positions, and also the card chain located thereunder.

page_text: Figs. 17 and 18 show, in two working positions, the arrangement that effects
the further rotation of the card cylinder after each liberation of a depressed
key.
Fig. 19 is a sectional plan of the arrangement represented in Fig. 17.
Figs. 20 and 21 show the colour changing device proper in elevation and plan
respectively, the front part being represented in section.
Figs. 22, 23, and 24 show the weft detector in three different working positions.
Figs. 25 and 26 show the feeling lever device arranged in the batten way
for actuating the shearing device that cuts off the pattern threads that 'have
been picked. in.
Figs. 27 and 28 show the shearing device that cuts up the finished pattern
fabric and the device for operating the same.
Fig. 29 shows the finished pattern fabric partly not cut up and partly already
divided into bands.
+ .
Fig. 30 illustrates the diagram of a Persian carpet.
As shown in Figs. 2 and 12, each two warp threads 11 that belong together
(i.e., the two single threads or strands constituting each twisted warp thread),
are together (Fig. 2), before passing through the heddles, passed through a
separate twisting wheel 2 like those employed in hand looms. All the twisting
wheels engage in
a common toothed driver 3 which is arranged under them
and on whose shaft is located a toothed wheel 4 which engages with a larger
toothed wheel 5. On the shaft of the toothed wheel 5 there is loosely located
a smaller toothed wheel 6 in which engages a toothed segment 8, which can be
swung about the pin 7 and is oscillated from the main shaft 12 by means of the
links 9, the lever 10, and the cam 11. On the hub of the small toothed wheel 6
there is a nose 13, which, when the segment swings upwards takes with it a
spring pawl 14 fastened on the larger toothed wheel 5, and in consequence of
this effects the rotation of the toothed wheel 5, the driver 3, and the twisting
wheels, whilst during the downward movement of the segment only the wheel 6
is rotated, all the other driving parts remaining at rest. The twisting wheels
consequently rotate always in the same direction, and by suitably choosing the
transmission it is brought about that the twisting wheels make three revolu-
tions during each revolution of the main shaft 12. The warp threads 1 pass
from the twisting wheels directly to the heddles 15 and 16, of which the rear
one 15 is mechanically raised and falls in consequence of its own weight, whilst
the front one 16 is, on the contrary, mechanically lowered and raised by springs 17.
Before raising or lowering, the heddles receive a slight lateral horizontal move-
ment, the raised heddle receiving one towards the right hand and the lowered heddle
one towards the left hand. The lateral shifting and also the raising and lowering
of the heddles are effected from the main shaft 12 by means of the cams 18, the
levers 19, and the rods 20, which engage the small angular levers 21 which are
pivoted to the bars 22 and bear against the corresponding heddles with their
upwardly directed arms. The two heddles 15 and 16 have so much play in their
guides 23 that they can be shifted somewhat towards the right hand and the
left hand in these guides. The two bars 22 can, however, be only raised and
lowered in the guides 23 and cannot be shifted laterally. When the rods 20 are
raised or lowered by the cams 18, first of all the small angular levers 21 are
turned and in consequence of this the heddles are moved laterally in their
guides. When the heddles strike against the vertical limiting surfaces of the
guides, the angular levers 21 cannot rotate further and the rods 20 now effect
the raising or lowering of the already laterally moved heddles.
The insertion of the weft is always effected from the right towards the left.
The colour-changing apparatus and the devices appertaining thereto, are there-
fore arranged on the right hand side of the loom.
The colour-changing apparatus proper, comprises a segment 25 which can be
swung about the shaft 24 and which has inserted in it, so as to be movable, a
number (corresponding to the number of the coloured threads to be employed)

page_text: of centrally perforated cylinders 26, which are pressed outwards by springs. In
the example shown 15 of such cylinders are provided, of which each is furnished
at its outer end with a thread guide 27 which is wedge-shaped in cross section
and whose bore opens out laterally so as to form an angle of 90 degrees, as
shown in Fig. 21. The differently coloured weft threads 28, which are wound-up
on large bobbins 29, are drawn into the cylinders 26 and the thread guides 27,
so far that the ends of the weft threads pass out of the thread guides to the extent
of about 2 centimetres.
The batten 30 is provided, in its rear wall, near to the first warp thread, and
opposite to the segment 25, with a slot 31 (Figs. 1 and 20), into which one of
the thread guides 27 can enter when the batten is in its rearward position, whilst
the other adjacent thread guides are pressed back by the solid part of the batten,
as shown in Fig. 20. The thread guide that enters the slot 31 projects so far
into the batten way 32 (Figs. 4 and 5) that the projecting piece of thread can
be engaged by a specially constructed shuttle (subsequently described) which
can be drawn through the open shed, as much yarn as is necessary for the breadth
of the pattern fabric being unwound from the corresponding bobbin 29. Since
only that thread which issues from the thread guide passing into the batten
way at the moment, has entered into the fabric, the position of the segment
determines the order in which the coloured threads are picked-in.
In the example shown there are provided 15 differently coloured threads,
wherefore the segment can assume 15 different positions.
For producing these positions, the following device is provided:-
On the pivotal shaft 24 of the segment 25 there are keyed two arms 33 whose
ends are connected by a rod on which 15 lifters 34 of different effective lengths
are suspended by means of their eyes so as to be capable of being swung. Each
of the lifters is provided with a dove-tail projection 35 which determines the
effective length of the lifter and on which the two blades 36 and 37 can act
when the lifter is brought within their range. The blades are capable of being
moved in guides 38 and are operated from the main shaft 12 by means of the
cranks 39, the connecting rods 40, and the bent levers 41 in such a manner that
the blades simultaneously approach each other and simultaneously move apart
so that one blade rises when the other falls, and vice versa.
In Fig. 14 the inner extreme position of the blades is indicated by full lines
and the outer extreme position by broken lines; the segment is then in a middle
position (Fig. 3). If the segment is to be brought from one position into
another so as to insert into the batten way a thread guide whose lifter pro-
jection 35) is in a raised position in consequence of the previous position of the
segment, then, after this lifter has been brought into the range of the blades,
the upper blade 36 is brought into action and engages the upper surface of the
projection 35 of this lifter and lowers it until the inner extreme position of the.
blades is attained, in consequence of which the corresponding thread guide comes
to stand, as desired, in front of the slot 31 of the batten 30.
If, however, the segment is to be raised from one position into another-
that is to say, a lower thread guide is to be brought opposite to the slot 31-
then, after the corresponding lifter has been operated, the lower blade comes
into operation since the projection 35 of the said lifter is in a lowered position
in consequence of the previous position of the segment and, consequently is
lower than corresponds to the inner extreme position of the blade.
The weights of the segment 25, the arms 33. and the lifters 34 are counter-
balanced by the spring 42, and on the segment there is provided a projection 43
(Figs. 20 and 21) against which a brake block 44 is pressed by a spring in order
to hold the segment in any position that it occupies for the time-being at any
moment.
Each of the lifters is embraced and held by a bell-crank lever 45 and each
of the levers 45 possesses at its underside a pin 46. Underneath the levers 45
there is arranged the cylinder 47, which is moved up and down and over which

page_text: the card chain 48 is passed. In each card there are provided as many holes as
there are bent levers 45 or lifters. When the cylinder 47 strikes, those levers 45
whose pins 46 can enter free holes in the card, are left unaffected and the corre
sponding lifters remain in the inoperative position and out of reach of the
blades. When, however, a hole in the card is stopped or filled up, then, when
the cylinder strikes, the pin 46. is pressed upwards and the corresponding lever 45
is moved in such a manner that it turns the corresponding lifter towards the
blades so that its projection 35 comes within range of the blades and is raised
or lowered by one of them, until, as shown in Fig. 14, it is held fast by the
blades when they reach their inner extreme position, when the segment 25 is
so placed that the thread guide 27 corresponding to the said lifter is placed
opposite to the slot 31.
1
The raising and lowering of the cylinder 47 is effected by the cam 49 (Fig. 1),
which is keyed on the main shaft 12 and acts on one arm of a two-armed lever 50
(Figs. 1 and 3) whose other arm carries the cylinder 47. The turning back-
wards is effected intermittently in a known manner by means of a turning pawl
during the downward movement of the cylinder.
The stopping or filling up of the holes in the cards is effected by means of
balls (Figs. 15 and 16), which the weaver can, by means of a key; device, allow
to fall into the holes of the cards in accordance with the diagram before him.
For each of the lifters 34 there is provided a key 51 and each card has as many
holes as there are keys or lifters; in the example shown, there are consequently
15 keys, and 15 holes in each card.
The keys 51 form bent levers (Figs. 15 and 16), whose downwardly extending
arms are jointed to slides 52 that are under spring pressure. Each of these
slides has a perforation, which, when the key is in its position of rest (Fig. 15),
is located under the bottom opening of the corresponding ball-holder 53 and
is therefore always filled with a ball.
Under the slides and somewhat to the rear of the ball holders, there is arranged
a cylinder 54 over which the card chain 48 runs. By pressing down a key
(Fig. 16), the slide 52 connected with it is moved towards the cards in such
a manner that its perforation and the ball contained therein are brought over
the corresponding hole in the card, into which, therefore, the ball falls. The
holes in the cards are each formed by a sufficiently wide cavity which narrows
towards the falling-in opening so that the balls can fall out of the cards only
when the falling-in openings are directed downwards.
Since the operation of a definite lifter corresponds also to a definite position
of the segment, there should always be only one lifter in each case brought
within the range of the blades 36 and 37 and therefore in each card only one
hole should be filled up by a ball. The cylinder 54 must, therefore, when the
key is liberated, immediately receive a further of a revolution in the same
direction as before, so that it may be impossible for a second ball to pass, through
oversight, into the same card; moreover, another empty card must be imme-
diately ready for the succeeding depression of a key in order that the keys may
be worked quickly.
The immediate further rotation of the cylinder 54 when the depressed key is
liberated, is effected by means of the following arrangement. One end wall of
the cylinder is formed by a toothed wheel 55 (Figs. 17, 18, and 19), which
engages in a smaller toothed wheel 56 whose diameter is related to that of the
wheel 55 as one to six. The toothed wheel 56 is located on a common shaft with
a friction disc 57 and both are driven in the direction indicated by the arrows
in Figs. 18 and 19, by the quickly rotating second friction disc 58, which is
loosely located on the same shaft.
The driving belt and the loose pulley of the loom are both wider than the
fast pulley thereof, so that even when the belt is on the fast pulley, a portion
thereof lies on the loose pulley, which is thus driven under all circumstances:
the friction disc 58, being rotated by means of a rope from the loose pulley

page_text: of the loom, as shown in Fig. 1, is thus continuously rotated, whether the loom
be in motion or at rest. The friction disc 57 carries on its inner plane surface
a pin 59, which, when the keys 51 are at rest, bears upon a nose 60 of the
lever 61, in consequence of which the disc 57 cannot be carried along. When,
however, one of the keys is depressed, then the oscillator 62 and the lever 61
located with it on the same shaft 63, are thereby swung towards the right
hand. The pin 59 therefore becomes free and the disc 57 carrying it is taken
along by the friction disc 58 until the pin 59 strikes the step 64 of the lever 61,
which is inclined downwards on the top (Fig. 18), and is thereby held fast.
When the key
is subsequently liberated, the oscillator 62 can swing
towards the left hand under the action of a spring. In consequence OL
this, the lever 61 is swung towards the left hand and the pin 59,
which slides downwards along the inclined step 64, again becomes
free. The disc 57 is now taken along by the iriction
disc 58 until
the former, after a complete revolution, is again stopped by the striking
of the pin 59 against the nose 60. By one revolution of the disc 57, the
cylinder 54 is, in consequence of the wheel transmission ratio chosen (1:6),
moved through one sixth of a revolution and a new empty card is brought
under the slide 52.
.
When the cards have moved the lifters, they pass gradually downwards and
into such a position that the balls are emptied into a collecting box 65 (Fig. 3)
from which they can be removed and again employed for filling the bali
holders 53.
After the segment 25 has been adjusted and the batten has reached its rear-
ward end position (Fig. 3) the shuttle 66 is shot out of the right hand side
shuttle box 72. The shuttle 66 is provided, on the side that is turned towards
the reed 67, with a groove 67' (Fig. 10), which passes through it lengthwise
and which can be entered by the thread guide 27 that projects into the batten
way 32. In the middle of the groove there is arranged a pair of tongs 68, which
consists of two springs and which is opened by the wedge-shaped thread guide 27
passing between the springs when the shuttle is picked, and closes again as
soon as the thread guide 27 has passed through, grasping the end of the thread
projecting out of the thread guide (Figs. 4 and 5) and taking the thread with it
through the open shed. On the left-hand side of the batten 30, near to the
edge of the fabric, there is the pair of receiving tongs 69, which consists of two
pivoted strips that are held closed by springs 70. The pair of tongs 68 slides
through between the pivoted strips 69 and thereby opens them and is then itself
opened by means of a pin 71 located in the batten way (Fig. 6), in consequence
of which the pair of tongs 68 liberates the thread, which is now lightly held
by the pair of receiving tongs 69. The shuttle 66 then proceeds empty into
the left-hand side shuttle box 73. This shuttle box is provided with a feeling
lever 74 (Figs. 1, 25, and 26), which is pressed outwards (Fig. 26) on the entry
of the shuttle into the shuttle box. This motion is transferred by means of the
levers 75 and 76 and the shaft 77 (Fig. 1) to the right-hand side of the loom,
in consequence of which the pair of shears serving for cutting off the weft
thread that has been inserted, is operated. This pair of shears comprises an
upper cutting part 78 provided with a pressing spring 79 which precedes the
cutting part 78, which is connected by ineans of the link 80 with the arm 81
keyed on the shaft 77. The second and lower cutting part 82 of the shears
(Figs. 8 and 9) is arranged in the batten way 32 near to the opening 31 for the
entry of the thread guides 27.
When the shuttle 66 enters the left-hand box 73 the weft thread that has
been inserted is, as shown in Figs. 25 and 26, first of all pressed down by the
pressing spring 79 and is thereupon cut off by the upper cutting part 78, which
follows. The weft thread that has been inserted and which has been cut off to
the breadth of the pattern fabric to be produced, is now lightly held on the
one hand by the receiving tongs 69 and on the other hand by the pressing
spring 79, and it remains in this position until it is struck up, by the batten 30,

page_text: to the finished pattern fabric, which draws the ends of the thread out of the
holding parts.
The two shuttle boxes 72 and 78 are not rigidly connected with the batten,
but can be raised and lowered: when the batten is laid back and the shed is
opened, they are in the raised position; and when the batten is in the forward
(struck up) position and the shed is closed they are in the lowered position.
When they are in the latter position, the shuttle boxes are in the plane of a
second batten way 83 (Figs. 1-3, and 22--26), which is located under the
batten way proper 32 and through which the shuttle is shot back empty from
the left towards the right under the warp when the shuttle boxes are in their
lower extreme position. When the batten 30 moves backwards again (towards
the segment 25), the shuttle 66, which in the meantime has arrived on the
right hand, rises, in consequence of the raising of the shuttle boxes, to the level
of the upper batten way 32, and now stands ready for the next pick. The raising
and lowering of the shuttle boxes is effected by means of guides 84 (Figs. 1, 2,
and 3) on which rest; by means of sliding rollers 86, the supporting rods 85,
which hold the shuttle boxes and are inserted, so as to be movable, in eyes 87
fastened to the batten 30.
The weft detector is provided on the rear side of the batten 30. This weft
detector comprises, as shown in Figs. 2, 22, 23, and 24, the feeling lever 88,
which is connected with the catch 90 by means of a rod 89. When the batten
is put back (Figs. 2 and 22), the arm 91, which is rigidly connected to the
catch 90, strikes against the fixed pin or stop 92, in consequence of which the
feeling lever 88 and the catch 90 are raised (Fig. 22). When the batten has
been turned forward slightly (Fig. 23), the lever 88 and the catch 90 fall again,
but are prevented by the weft thread 28 that has been inserted, from falling
down completely, so that the catch 90 can, during the further movement of the
batten, move freely over the nose 93 of the stopping rod 94 without taking the
latter with it. When, however, there is no weft in the batten way, or the weft
thread is broken, the lever 88 falls through a notch in the batten way 32 until
it is under the same, and the catch 90 comes within range of the nose 93 of the
disengaging rod 94 (Fig. 24), takes this with it during the further movement
(striking up) of the batten, and stops the loom in a known manner.
The loom is also provided on each side with a shuttle detector. The left-hand
shuttle detector is formed simply by the feeling lever 74 that effects the cutting
off of the weft thread 28. For this purpose there is keyed on the shaft 77 an
arm 116, which is connected by means of a cord with a catch 118 mounted on
the arm 117. When the shuttle is in the left-hand shuttle-box 73, the arm 116
is turned into a position such that the catch 118 is lowered, so that it is carried
along by a step of the bent piece 119 and the picking is by this means effected.
When, on the contrary, there is no shuttle in the box, the catch is raised and the
segment cannot therefore move it. There is the same arrangement on the
right-hand side of the loom, with this difference, however, that the arm 116
is located on a special short shaft 77, as shown in Fig. 1.
The finished pattern fabric coming from the breast-beam 107 is, before it is
wound-up on the fabric beam 95, cut up into bands, which are similar to one
another and each of which has two twisted warp threads (at a distance apart
of about 1 centimetres) with differently coloured pattern threads which are held
between the warp threads and which are at a distance apart of about 1 centi-
metre.
The shears 96, the number of which is equal to that of the bands to be produced
less 1, receive their motion from the main shaft 12 by means of a belt pulley 97,
which is keyed on the shaft 12 and whose diameter is to that of the driven
pulley 98 (Figs. 1 and 28) as 1 to 4, so that after every four revolutions of the
main shaft 12 a cut is made by which four weft threads, which have been inserted
one after another and have come in the meantime within the range of the shears,
are cut through. The transmission of the motion from the belt pulley 98 to
the movable parts of the shears (Figs. 27 and 28) is effected by means of a cam

page_text: disc 99 which is located on the shaft of the belt pulley and which operates the
roller lever 100, which, by means of the link 101, is connected with the movable
parts of the shears and effects the closure, whilst the opening of the shears is
caused by the spring 102.
The motion of the batten and the picking of the shuttle are effected in a
known manner, the former from the driving shaft 12 by means of cranks 103
and levers 104 (Fig. 3) and the latter by means of the striking of the two
tappets 105 located on the main shaft 12, as shown in Fig. 1.
The warp
beam 106 (Fig. 2) is provided with a steel band brake of a known kind and the
breast beam 107 with a positive regulator or taking-up motion 108, which is
moved by the batten by means of the slotted rod 109 and the connecting rod 110,
whilst the fabric beam 95 is provided with a negative regulator or taking-up
motion 111 whose ratchet-lever 112 is loaded with a weight and bears upon a
cross pin 113 of the batten.
The procedure on working the loom is as follows;-
The doubly or two-ply twisted warp threads, which have 3 twists to the centi-
metre, run from the warp beam 106 over a tension roller 114; thence their
single threads or strands run separately through the holes of the twisting
wheels 2, through the heddles 15 and 16, and through the reed 67, and are,
together with the differently coloured warp threads, taken up as finished goods
by the breast beam 107 (Fig. 2).
The coloured weft threads that are employed run from their bobbins 29
through the perforated axle 24 of the segment 25, and pass thence separately
into the cylinders 26 and the thread guides 27, of which only the one that
corresponds to the card in position, passes forward into the batten way, 32.
In order to produce the pattern fabric on the loom described, the known pre-
liminary operation herein before described is effected-that is to say, the diagram
(Fig. 30) is divided in the direction of the warp threads into strips I, II, III,
each of which is composed of rows I, II, 111".
arranged in the
direction of the weft and of (for example) 8 knotting points each.
The working on the loom is then begun, the several rows of knotting
points I, II, III¹
corresponding to the picks, being read off in reference
to their colour and in the described way alternately from left to right and from
right to left.
At the beginning of the work, the batten 30 is in its rearward position (Figs. 2
and 3), and the twisting wheels 2 have, in the time shortly before and after the
striking up of the previous pick to the finished goods, received three revolutions
in the direction opposite to that of the twisting of the warp threads, in conse-
quence of which the warp threads are untwisted in the direction of the warp
beam but receive additional twist in the direction of the fabric. The heddle 15
is in the raised position, and the heddle 16 in the lowered position. Both
heddles, however, receive previously, as herein before mentioned, a lateral move-
ment which has the following result. Since the twisting wheels must cause
a twisting of the pairs of warp threads, the single warp threads cannot be passed
through mails or eyes, but must, during this twisting, be quite independent of
the heddles. Instead of having mails, the heddles, which have rigid, instead of
flexible, vertical members, are provided with lateral engaging pins 115 (Fig. 2),
which are so short that, before the lateral movement of the heddles, they stand
outside the small sheds formed by the twisting wheels and therefore do not
affect the corresponding warp threads. When, however, the heddles are moved
laterally, these pins project into or engage in these small sheds, in consequence
of which the warp threads are carried along during the raising and lowering of
the heddles and a sufficiently large shed is formed for the passage of the
shuttle 66. The thread guide 27 determined by the cards, projects with the
projecting end of the thread into the batten way 32.
The shuttle 66 is now shot out of the right-hand shuttle box 72. The thread

page_text: guide 27 passes between the tongs 68 of the shuttle 66 and opens them, which
thereupon, on the further forward movement of the shuttle, immediately close.
behind the thread guide, engage the projecting end of the weft thread (Figs. 4
and 5), and draw it through the open shed until the tongs 68 of the shuttle
pass through the receiving tongs 69, on the other side of the fabric, in consequence
of which the end of the weft thread is given up to the receiving tongs and
lightly held thereby (Figs. 6 and 7). The shuttle now passes into the left-hand
shuttle box 73 (Fig. 1), presses the feeling lever 74 outwards in doing so, and
thereby causes the weft thread to be lightly held by the pressing spring 79 and
to be cut off by the shears 78, 82 on the right-hand side of the loom (Figs. 8
and 9).
The weft thread, lightly held by the receiving tongs 69 and the spring 79,
is, during the forward movement of the batten 30, pressed up to the finished
fabric, and, in consequence of the simultaneously effected partial twisting of
the warp, held fast by this.
During the forward movement of the batten, the two shuttle boxes 72 and 73
descend, and, shortly before the weft is struck up to the finished fabric come
opposite to the lower batten way S3, whereupon the shuttle 66 is shot from
left to right. During the backward movement of the batten, the two shuttle
boxes are again raised, and, when they have reached the plane of the upper
batten way 32, they again stand ready for the shooting of the shuttle for the
next pick.
The changing of the colours is effected by the shifting of the segment 25 by
means of the action of the pattern cards on the lifters 34, and it takes place in
the time between the forward movement and the backward movement of the
batten, but in such a manner that when the batten reaches its rearward position
it finds the thread guide 27 already in place.
The operation of the positive' breast beam regulator 108 is effected during
the forward movement of the batten. The finished fabric is then drawn forward
by one centimetre and is taken up in the form of bands by the fabric beam 95,
which is provided with the negative regulator 111. The shears 96 for cutting
up the finished fabric are arranged between the breast beam and the fabric
beam and are operated at intervals of time, in consequence of which the fabric
that has been finished is always immediately cut up into bands.
When a bobbin 29 is empty, or when any weft thread can be drawn through
the corresponding thread guide only with difficulty or (in consequence of a knot)
not at all, then the weft detector comes into operation. In this case the feeling
lever SS descends until it is under the batten way 32, and thereby stops the
loom in the manner previously described.
) in the pattern
In order to render discernible each row (I', II', III'
fabric or in the bands, and thereby to render it possible to see whether or not
there is the correct number of small pieces of thread in each row, a double
interval is left between each two rows-i.e., between the last pick of one row and
the first pick of the succeeding row.
In order to effect this the loom must make an idle revolution-that is to say,
the twisting wheels 2 and the regulator 108 must work but no pick must be
inserted. This is brought about by giving the segment such a position that
none of the thread guides passes into the batten way, in consequence of which,
notwithstanding the picking of the shuttle, no weft thread is inserted. For this
purpose there is provided a sixteenth key and also a sixteenth lifter (the outer
lifter on the right hand side in Fig. 13) whose projection 35 is so arranged that
the segment is given an intermediate position such that, when the segment is
located therein, no thread guide passes into the batten way and therefore no
weft thread can be inserted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said

page_text: vention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
e claim is
1. A method for producing a pattern fabric which serves for a large number
f Persian carpets of the same design and which contains, in a colour series
rresponding to the design that is to be produced, the coloured weft threads
tended for forming the knots, consisting in that the weft threads forming the
notting threads are inserted one after another, in the order corresponding to
e rows of a diagram which is divided into strips, into a warp whose doubly
wo-ply) twisted threads are for each pick untwisted on one side of the shed to
e extent of a definite number of revolutions and on the other side of the shed
re additionally twisted to the extent of the same number of revolutions, so
at the weft threads that have been inserted and which have been cut off to
he correct length are twisted in the warp and are separated from one another
y small interspaces, whereupon the pattern fabric thus produced is, before
eing wound up upon the fabric beam, cut up, in the direction of the warp,
to bands from which the pieces of thread can be drawn in succession for the
urpose of being knotted.
2. A power loom for carrying out the said method comprising
(a) An arrangement which renders it possible to effect independently of
the speed (number of revolutions) of the loom, the change of colours for
several rows beforehand (if necessary, even when the loom is at a standstill),
and which consists of keys 51, whose number corresponds to the colours
to be introduced, and by the depression of which a ball is in each case
introduced into the corresponding hole of a card 48 so as to stop or fill the
said hole, and of a number (corresponding to the number of keys) of lifters 3+
which are of different lengths and of which only the one that corresponds
to the depressed key 51 is, in consequence of the filling up of the card hole,
shifted and brought into the range of two blades 36 and 37 moving in
opposite directions, and carried along by one or the other of these blades
in such a manner that the colour is changed in accordance with the key
that is depressed;
(b) A segment 25 which actually changes the colours and which is pro-
vided with thread guides 27 whose number corresponds to the number of
keys and of which only the one that corresponds to the depressed key comes
into the range of the batten way 32 so that only the thread drawn off by
this thread guide is picked-in-to a length corresponding to the breadth
of the fabric and therefore the other coloured weft threads are prevented
from travelling with it at the edge of the fabric, and material is conse-
quently saved;
(e) A shuttle 66 in which there is arranged a pair of spring tongs GS
which engages the thread end projecting out of the thread guide into the
batten way, draws it with it through the open shed, and delivers it over
at the other edge of the fabric to a pair of spring receiving tongs 69 located
in the batten way, whilst, finally, the shuttle on entering the opposite
shuttle box 13, operates a feeling lever 74, by the shifting of which the weft
thread that has been inserted is cut off to the correct length close to the
segment;
(d) Shuttle boxes 72 and 73 which can be raised and lowered, and which,
when in the raised position, are in the plane of the ordinary batten way 32,
but, when they are in the lowered position, agree with a second batten
way 83, which is arranged below the shed and through which the shuttle,
when it has arrived empty in the shuttle box 73, is shot back into the other
shuttle box 72, by the raising of which the shuttle is again brought back
into the initial position and is ready for being picked again; and
(e) A number of pairs of shears 96 which are operated at intervals of time
and which cut up the finished fabric into bands which are then automatically
wound-up on the fabric beam.

page_text: 3. A loom for making a pattern fabric such as mentioned in Claim 1, con-
structed, arranged, and operating as herein before described with reference to
and shown in the drawings filed with our Provisional Specification.
Dated this 16th day of October 1899.
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.