CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, WHICH ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1837

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Sir JAMES
CALEB ANDERSON, of Buttevant Castle, in the County of Cork, Baronet, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Nineteenth day of July, in the first year of Her reign, did for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Sir James
Caleb Anderson, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Sir James Caleb Anderson, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Sir James Caleb Anderson, my exors, admors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE
ENGINES, WHICH ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Sir James Caleb
Anderson, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Sir James Caleb Anderson, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof,

page_text: reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon, that is to say :—
My Invention consists of certain improvements in boilers and other
apparatus employed in or applicable to locomotive carriages (whether for
railways or the common road), and in the employment of such parts of the
said apparatus to stationary engines or other mechanical purposes to which
they may be found useful.
One of my boilers or steam generating apparatus is delineated in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, whereof Figure 1 represents a vertical and longitudinal
section; Figure 2, a vertical section at right angles to the former; Figure 3,
an external elevation viewed in the position of Figure 1; Figure 4, a front
elevation viewed in the position of Figure 2; Figure 5, view of a "dividing
bar." In all these five Figures where the same letters occur they indicate
the same parts. At a is the fire box; 6 is the ash pit; c, a blowing
machine; by which the air is forced through an assemblage of pipes d; d,
into the ash pit, whence it ascends between the fire bars and excites the
combustion of the fuel; the current of a heated gases thence ascend and
passing over the first of a series of water chambers e, e, e, it descends between
the first and second, then turning under the second it ascends between the
second and third, and so on upwards and downwards throughout the series (as
indicated by the arrows) until it reaches the chimney f. The sides and top of
the fire box, as well as the sides of the boiler, are marked 'e', 'e', because they
are formed of similar water chambers to those referred to at e, e, the objects of
which arrangement it need hardly be stated are to increase the generation of
steam, and at the same time prevent the undue radiation of caloric, so as to
adapt the apparatus in an especial manner to steam boats as well as to steam
carriages. In Figure 1, the first water chamber e is thrown in section, in
order to exhibit my mode of construction, which consists in strongly con-
necting two broad flat plates by means of a system of rivits, which also pass
through intermediate pieces of metal 5, which I denominate dividing bars.
For the sake of distinctness, one of these boilers is shewn in the separate
Figure 5; the cavities j, j, are for the free passage of the water and steam,
and the projections k, k, abut against the side plates, and being drilled through
for the rivets afford ready means of making a very solid, firm, and steam tight
connection, capable of resisting an enormous pressure of steam without risk.
Figure 2, which shews a section of the front water chamber e¹ of the boiler (as
evidenced by the fire door h) exhibits an arrangement of a series of these
dividing bars after the manner they are disposed in each water chamber, and
as this Figure is at right angles to Figure 5, the rivet holes are seen. Of

page_text: course it is to be understood that there is no limit to the number of dividing
bars and rivets, and consequently the strength of such a boiler may be easily
and at a trifling expence carried to any required extent. The five-sided
figure 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, shews the form of the plates which constitute the flat sides
of the water chambers e, e; the exterior edges of these plates are connected to
a solid frame of iron g, g, g, drilled all round by means of rivets passing
through them. In order to cause a free passage for the heated air from the
furnace in the direction before noticed, the water chambers e, e, are alternately
elevated and depressed by varying the lengths of the connecting pipes above
and below, as may be observed in the Drawing, Figure 1. The water for the
supply of the boiler is introduced at either of the tubes 7, 1, whence it passes
through connecting tubes m, m, into the water chambers that surround the
fire box, and proceeds to a horizontal tube n, which communicate with the
several water chambers e, e, e, and rises uniformly to the same height in each;
0,0, are short massive pipes leading from the upper ends of the chambers e, e, e,
to a large horizontal tube p, placed outside the boiler. Thence the steam
enters the conical caps q, q, q, and, passing through minute perforations made
therein, enters the steam reservoir r. The use of these perforated caps is to
impede the passage of any aqueous particles that might be borne along with
the steam. At s, s, are safety valves, and t is the steam pipe (provided with a
screw valve, leading to the engine.
:
Another of my arrangements for generating steam consists in employing a
series of flat vertical water chambers, having numerous tubular apertures made
through them horizontally to serve as flues for the passage of the current of
heated matters from the fire. These short tubular apertures in the respective
chambers are not placed opposite to each other in continuous lines, but are so
posited that the heated matters proceeding out of one tube or one set of tubes
shall inpinge against the flat surface or surfaces of the next chamber in succes-
sion., and thus cause the current constantly to turn sideways, or up or down,
before it can enter the tubes of the adjoining chamber, so as to cause the heated
current to operate as much as possible at right angles to the flat surfaces of
the water chamber. In this case the short flue tubes may be advantageously
made with abutting shoulders, and the extremities of the tubes be properly
secured in a steam-tight manner to the side plates by rivetting or other-
wise; and as these short flue tubes will thus become powerful ties to the
boilers or chambers, they may be used alone or in conjunction with the
"dividing bars" before mentioned.
66
.
My claims of Invention in the boilers consist, first, in the construction of
steam generating vessels, with solid frames drilled through to form the depth
or horizontal thickness of the said chambers; second, in the employment of

page_text: "dividing bars" of the kind described, and in the manner set forth; third, in
such arrangement as that described, by which the water disposed in their
vertical strata is exposed to an alternating ascending and descending flue;
fourth, in the employment of the short tubular flues in the manner set forth.
The Drawings Figures 6 and 7 represent a plan and elevation of my
improved locomotive engine. A, A, A, A, represents the frame of the carriage,
made of adequate strength and running upon two pair of wheels; B, B, the
boiler; D, one of the steam pipes leading to the two working cylinders E, E,
of the engine; F, the slide valve; G, the connecting rod to the crank shaft
H, which, through the medium of the spur gear I, I, give motion to the
propelling wheels J, J; K, K, are the force pumps for injecting the water into
the boiler. At L is the blowing machine, the air from which is forced (as
already noticed) through an assemblage of small tubes (contained in two
The two
cylinders M, M.) before entering the ash pit of the furnace.
cylinders M, M, are closed at each end by flanged discs in such manner as
only to permit the ends of the air tubes to pass through them; and into the
spaces between the said air tubes in the cylinders M, M, the eduction steam
from the engines is thrown, whereby it is partly condensed and the resulting
water is returned to the boiler by the force pumps. At N, N, is an apparatus
for reversing the motion of the engines. A small high-pressure cylinder is
shown in the Drawing at O, for the purpose of driving the blowing machine;
but this is by no means essential, as it may be driven in the usual manner by
a strap from the crank shaft. P, Q, R, is the mechainism for steering the
engine, which I put into operation when working upon common roads; but in
the case of applying my locomotive engine to rail or tram roads, such
apparatus becomes unnecessary, and the only material adaption to the latter
application is that of suitable tires to the wheels.
My claims to Invention in the locomotive engine thus described (indepen-
dantly of the boiler previously described) consist in the general combination of
To obviate or
parts, and not in the separate parts distinctly considered.
reduce the waste of power arising from the ejection of the steam into the
atmosphere by the ordinary mode of working locomotive engines, and likewise
with the view of avoiding the loss of that portion of the effective steam force
upon the piston which arises from the oblique action and dead points of the
crank during its revolution, I have designed certain arrangements of me-
chanism, which I will now proceed to describe with reference to the diagram
marked Figures 8 and 9. First, with respect to the mode of applying the
eduction steam, a, Figure 8, represents the cylinder of a high-pressure engine;
b, the eduction passage, the steam from which is conducted into a pipe c,
whence it proceeds along two horizontal arms d, d, similar to those in a

page_text: Barker's mill, and escapes at the lateral apertures e, e, with a force in pro-
portion to the elasticity of the steam and the dimensions of the aperture,
producing thereby a uniform rotatory motion, which may be applied through
the medium of a shaft h, pinion i, strap j, and wheel, to the crank shaft /,
and by adaptations well understood by mechanics to drive the blowing machine
of the locomotive engine, or to give a continuous power in any other manner
that may be desired.
This mechanism is also applicable to condensing engines, by connecting the
chamber with a condenser, as shown at g. (Note, the pipes c and d are
represented in the Drawing much too small.) Second, as respects my mode of
obviating the loss of power sustained by the intervention of the crank, I
connect the piston rod of the engine cylinder directly to the piston rod of a
pump h, Figure 9 (either in a right line or through the instrumentality of a
common pump lever i. This pump being filled with water and put into action,
forces the fluid through an air vessel j, which causes a continuous stream of
uniform force to pass through a pipe k, which pipe is connected through the
medium of a stuffing to a hollow axis m, that conducts the water into two
hollow arms n, n, (similar to a Barker's mill), where it escapes through latera!
apertures o, o, thereby producing a rotary motion with a uniform effective
force.
I claim as of my Invention the apparatuses described under Figures 8 and 9,
for the purposes mentioned.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sir James Caleb Anderson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight.