IMPROVED METALLIC COMPOUNDS OR ALLOYS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, JOHN RADFORD, of New Laith Farm, Shipley in the County of York, Retired
brass, iron, and alloy founder, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
"IMPROVED METALLIC COMPOUNDS OR ALLOYS" to be as follows :—
The object of my invention is to utilize chromium in combination with tin,
zinc, copper, or other metals, in the production of bronze or similar alloys, of
superior hardness and tenacity.
I prefer to employ for the purposes of my invention, chromium in combination
with iron or steel, that is to say, the metals known as chrome iron or chrome
steel of commerce; but I may use chromium uncombined with iron or steel.
In carrying the said invention into practice I take chrome iron, or chrome steel,
or chromium uncombined with either of these metals, and melt it. I then finely
granulate the same by causing it to fall from a considerable height into cold water,
this operation being effected for the purpose of facilitating the re-melting of the
metal at a much lower temperature when required for combining the same with
copper, tin, zinc, lead or other metals. I then take a suitable quantity of this
finely granulated chromium, or chrome iron, or chrome steel and the other metal
which it is desired to combine therewith, such as copper or tin and I place the
same in a crucible covering them with powdered charcoal and melt them together.
The relative proportions of the metals to be put in this crucible will vary according
to circumstances but as examples I may say that to ten pounds of chrome iron or
steel I should add the same weight of tin, if tin is the metal to be. used, or, if
copper, ten pounds of the latter metal to two pounds of chrome iron or steel. In
another crucible or vessel I have (ready melted) a further and much larger quantity
of the copper, tin or other metal, the proportion of which, as compared with the
contents of the first crucible, must necessarily vary considerably according to the
properties desired in the finished product, and this metal is kept at a suitable
temperature. I then pour the contents of the first crucible into the second crucible,
at the same time stirring the metals vigorously with an iron rod coated with
plumbago. The alloy is then ready for pouring into moulds or ingots. When
chrome iron or chrome steel is used, a slightly greater proportion thereof should
be employed for the first crucible than in the case of using chromium uncombined
with iron or steel.

page_text: The following are some of the uses to which my invention may be applied,
The production of a compound or alloy of great tensile strength and resistance
to crushing pressures, by combining the said chrome iron, chrome steel; or
chromium with copper.
The production of bronze of improved quality, by combining the said chrome
iron, chrome steel, or chromium with tin and copper; a great advantage is that
the tin combined with chromium is not liable to segregation in cooling when
mixed with copper as is often the case with tin alone, or when the tin,.before
being mixed with copper, is combined with metals other than chromium.
The production of an improved white metal or brass by varying the proportions
of the tin and copper, that is to say, employing a larger proportion of tin.
The production of alloys for special uses by combining nickel, cobalt, or zinc
with any of the hereinbefore named alloys or compounds of chromium.
The production of an anti-friction inetal or white brass composed of the following
The production of a compound or alloy of great tensile strength and resistance
to crushing pressures, by combining the said chrome iron, chrome steel; or
chromium with copper.
The production of bronze of improved quality, by combining the said chrome
iron, chrome steel, or chromium with tin and copper; a great advantage is that
the tin combined with chromium is not liable to segregation in cooling when
mixed with copper as is often the case with tin alone, or when the tin,.before
being mixed with copper, is combined with metals other than chromium.
The production of an improved white metal or brass by varying the proportions
of the tin and copper, that is to say, employing a larger proportion of tin.
The production of alloys for special uses by combining nickel, cobalt, or zinc
with any of the hereinbefore named alloys or compounds of chromium.
The production of an anti-friction metal or white brass composed of the following
:
Chrome iron
Tin
Copper
Cobalt
Nickel
Zinc
-
10 parts by weight
10
do
☐ 10
do
5
do
5
do
60
• do
2
With regard to the proportions of the metals in the various compounds this may,
and must, vary within considerable limits according to the uses to which the
product is designed to be applied, but, as examples, I quote the following viz:-
For the production of an alloy designed to be rolled into sheets or for the manu-
facture of wire, I use one and a half (14) parts by weight of chrome iron to ninety
.eight and a half (98) parts by weight of copper.
For the production of an alloy of chromium and tin to be employed for combina-
tion with copper or other metals in the manufacture of bronze, I add ten (10)
parts by weight of chrome iron to ninety (90) parts by weight of tin, and the
copper, when combined with this chrome-tin, will be used in the well known
proportions for making ordinary bronze alloys..
The correct proportions for varying the characteristics of the product as may be
required will be readily understood by all persons acquainted with such matters.
Dated this 13th day of February 1884.
2
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page_text: 12
I, JOHN RADFORD, of New Laith Farm, Shipley, in the County of York,
retired brass, iron, ånd alloy founder, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC COMPOUNDS OR ALLOYS
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to the production of bronze or similar alloys of great
hardness and tenacity, by the combination of chromium with tin zinc, lead, copper,
or other metals such as are used in the manufacture of bronze, brass or gun-metal.
I prefer to employ for the purposes of my invention, chromium in combination
with iron or steel, that is to say, the metals known as chrome iron or chrome steel
of commerce; but I sometimes use chromium uncombined with iron or steel.
In carrying my invention into practice, I first melt the chromium, chrome iron
or chrome steel, and finely granulate the same by causing it to fall from a consider-
able height into cold water, in order to facilitate its remelting at a much lower
temperature when it is required for combining with copper, tin, zinc, lead or other
metals. I then take suitable quantities of this finely granulated chromium, or
chrome iron, or chrome steel and of the metal which it is desired to combine
therewith, such as copper or tin, and I place these meta's in a crucible, cover them
with powdered charcoal, and melt them together.
The relative proportions of the metals to be put in this crucible (which I will
hereinafter term the first crucible) will vary according to circumstances, but, as
examples, I will mention the following, viz:-equal parts by weight of chrome iron
or steel and of tin, or five (5) parts by weight of copper and one (1) part by weight
of chrome iron or steel.
In another crucible or vessel (which I will hereinafter term the second crucible)
I have (ready melted) a further and much larger quantity of the copper, tin or
other metal with which the chromium is to be combined.
I maintain the metal in the second crucible at a suitable temperature, and pour
the contents of the first crucible into the second crucible, at the same time stirring
the metals vigorously with an iron rod coated with plumbago. The alloy is then
ready for pouring into moulds. When chrome iron or chrome steel is used, the
proportion thereof employed in the first crucible should be slightly greater than
the proportion of chromium employed when the latter is used uncombined with
iron or steel.
The following are some of the compounds or alloys which are produced as above
described, viz:—–—
A compound or alloy of great tensile strength and offering great resistance to
crushing strains is obtained by combining the said chrome iron; chrome steel, or
chromium with copper.
Bronze of improved quality is obtained by combining the said chrome iron,
chrome steel or chromium with tin and copper; a great advantage is gained in this
case, viz; that the tin, being combined with chromium, is not liable to segregation
in cooling when mixed with copper, as it frequently is when used (in the ordinary
manufacture of bronze) uncombined with chromium or combined with metals other
than chromium.
An improved white metal or brass is obtained by varying the proportions of the
tin and copper, that is to say, by employing a larger proportion of tin.
Alloys for special uses (such as for lining journal-boxes for shafting, or for the
manufacture of taps or valves which have to resist the action of wines or spirits
or of chemical agents) are obtained by combining nickel, cobalt, or zinc with any
of the above named alloys or compounds of chromium.

page_text: The relative proportions of the metals in the various compounds or alloys may,
and must, vary within considerable limits according to the purpose for which the
product is designed.
For example, for the production of an alloy designed to be rolled into sheets or
for the manufacture of wire, I use one-and-one-half (1/2) parts by weight of chrome
iron to ninety-eight and a half (981) parts by weight of copper. For the produc-
tion of an alloy of chromium and tin to be employed for combination with copper
or other metals in the manufacture of bronze, I add ten (10) parts by weight of
chrome iron to ninety (90) parts by weight of tin, and the copper, when combined
with this chrome tin, will be used in the well known proportions for making
ordinary bronze alloys.
be
The correct proportions for varying the characteristics of the product as may
required will be readily understood by all persons acquainted with such matters.
I wish it understood that I do not confine myself to the above described method
or process of manufacturing the compounds or alloys, as the metals may, if desired,
be combined in any other suitable manner for the purposes of my invention..
I further wish it understood that I do not make any claim to the employment of
chromium in combination with iron and manganese or other substances in the
manufacture of steel, as I am aware that this is not new..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
"
The manufacture of compounds or alloys by the combination of chromium with
tin, copper, zinc, lead or other metals such as are used in the production of bronze,
brass or gun-metal.
Doted this 19th dov of November 1884.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.