A NEW OR IMPROVED CEMENT OR COMPOSITION APPLICABLE TO THE AGGLOMERATION OR MOULDING OF VARIOUS MATERIALS, AND TO OTHER USEFUL AND DECORATIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Strect, in
the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "A NEW OR
IMPROVED CEMENT OR COMPOSITION APPLICABLE TO THE AGGLOMERATION OR
MOULDING OF VARIOUS MATERIALS, AND TO OTHER USEFUL AND DECORATIVE
PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by Stanislas Sorel and
Emile Justin Menier. both of Paris, France.
-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th December 1865.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED CEMENT OR COMPOSITION APPLICABLE TO THE AGGLOME-
RATION OR MOULDING OF VARIOUS MATERIALS, AND TO OTHER USEFUL AND DECORATIVE
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This cement is formed of basic oxychloride of magnesium, either pure or
mixed with other substances. It may be made in two different ways:-
1st, by diluting or tempering magnesia, which may be more or less hydrated
and carbonated, with a solution of chloride of magnesium more or less
The
concentrated. I employ a solution marking from 25 to 35° Beaume.
chloride and the magnesia may be mixed in different manners, some of which
are hereafter described,

page_text: 2nd, instead of mixing the magnesia with a solution of chloride of
magnesium, I first put with the magnesia chloride in a dry state, and employ
water to form the cement. I dry the chloride by heat until it ceases to give
off steam. To dry large quantities of chloride the operation may be con-
menced in caldrons and finished in reverberatory furnaces; and when the
chloride is dry I grind it by a millstone or otherwise, and mix it with the
magnesia. If I employ with the magnesia a powder upon which the chloride
of magnesium cannot exert chemical action, I first triturate the dried chloride
with this powder before adding the magnesia. If it is required to give more
density to the magnesia I moisten it with water or a weak solution of chloride
of magnesium; I triturate it, dry it, and mix it with the dried chloride
of magnesium as before described. I employ about 12 parts by weight of
dried chloride of magnesium for 100 parts by weight of magnesia pure or
mixed, say the chemical equivalent of dry chloride of magnesium, and the
chemical equivalent of calcined magnesia.
This cement should be stored in casks or other well closed vessels to keep
it from contact with the air. Magnesia and chloride of magnesium are the
two chief ingredients of the cement, but these materials may be mixed with
other powdered substances. Some substances may be mixed with the mag-
nesia in equal proportion with the magnesia, such as sulphate of baryta,
sulphate of lime, kaolin, talc, pipe clay, sulphur, carbonate of lime, argillaceous
carths, baked or not, oxides and most materials insoluble capable of being
more or less easily pulverized. Ivory and sawdust and analogous substances
may even be added, or the flour of cereal and leguminous seeds, fecula, and
other materials. By adding to the cement coloring matters, such as ultra-
marine, chrome, yellow, and green, vermilion, ochres and others, imitation
marbles and mosaics may be produced. The cement may also have hard
substances mixed with it, such as sand, grit, and emery, so as to form mill-
stones and coatings. A mixture of iron filings with the cement forms an
excellent material for various purposes. The chloride of magnesium may
also while containing certain sults make a good cement; mother water, the
residue from salt works may even be employed at the degree of concentration
it ordinarily possesses. This water marks about 30° Beaume, and contains in
100 paris:-

page_text: mother water to 40° the chloride of sodium and the sulphate of magnesia are
crystallized, and there only remains in solution the chloride of magnesium,
which may be employed for cement, and which is a little preferable to the
mixture of salts above given.
The chief purposes for which this magnesian cement can be employed are
the following:
1st, agglomeration of sands, grits, granites, pebbles, and other pulverable
materials, so as to form ashlar, slabs, blocks for constructive purposes, and
embankments.
2nd, agglomeration of silex, grits, granites, emery, pumice stone, or other
materials to form mill or grind stones.
3rd, agglomeration of kaolin, talc, sulphate of baryta, sulphate of lime,
iron pyrites, ochres, and sulphate of lead, to form a plastic material to be
moulded into statues, ornamental vases, and other objects, to take impressions
or to be made into crucibles and other vessels.
4th, agglomeration of sawdust and preparation of slabs for inlaid flooring
and other purposes, as objects of ornament or to preserve from damp.
5th, aggregation of wool or cotton shearings, powdered leather, or waste of
bone or ivory, to obtain materials of the consistence of stone having a specific
weight relatively small, and possessing elasticity.
6th, manufacture or moulding of mosaics, parquet tiles, either white or
colored, chimney pieces, tables, or panels in imitation of marble.
7th, uniting pieces of stone, repairing monumental sculpture, making
water shoots, and coating walls.
8th, preparation of a cement which may be sold in the form of powder,
and capable of employment as plaster, with the advantage of not being liable
to crack, and being harder and not likely to damage by blows.
This last cement is prepared as follows:-Dry chloride of magnesium,
1 chemical equivalent; calcined magnesia, 1 chemical equivalent; finely
powdered grit or other powder, about three times the weight of magnesia;
this proportion may be varied.
Lastly, this Invention applies to the agglomeration, aggregation, petre-
faction, and moulding of mineral, vegetable, or animal matters, by means of
oxychloride of magnesium, and the preparation by this body, either alone or
associated with other materials, of a plastic paste, which in a few days will
acquire great hardness.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by Amelia Susannah Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th June 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AMELIA
SUSANNAH BROOMAN. of Twickenham, in the County of Middlesex, Widow
and sole Executrix of the late Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet
Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent, deceased, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Amelia Susannah Brooman, Her special licence that I. the said
Amelia Susannah Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Amelia Susannah Brooman, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED CEMENT OR COM-
POSITION APPLICABLE TO THE AGGLOMERATION OR MOULDING OF VARIOUS MATERIALS,
AND TO OTHER USEFUL AND DECORATIVE PURPOSES," (communicated to the said
Richard Archibald Brooman from abroad by Stanislas Sorel and Emile
Justin Menier, both of Paris, France,) upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Amelia Susannah Brooman, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Amelia Susannah Brooman. do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:- -
This cement is formed of basic oxychloride of magnesium, either pure or
mixed with other substances. It may be made in two different ways.
1st, by diluting or tempering magnesia, which may be more or less hydrated
and carbonated, with a solution of chloride of magnesium more or less con-
centrated. I employ a solution marking from 25° to 35° Beaume. The chloride

page_text: and the magnesia may be mixed with different materials, some of which are
hereafter described.
2nd, instead of mixing the magnesia with a solution of chloride of
magnesium, I first put with the magnesia chloride in a dry state, and employ
water to form the cement. I dry the chloride by heat until it ceases to give off
steam. To dry large quantities of chloride the operation may be commenced
in cauldrons and finished in reverberatory furnaces, and when the chloride
is dry I grind it by a millstone, or otherwise, and mix it with the magnesia.
If I employ with the magnesia a powder upon which the chloride of magnesium
cannot exert chemical action I first triturate the dried chloride with this
powder before adding the magnesia. If it is required to give more density to
the magnesia I moisten it with water or a weak solution of chloride of mag-
nesium, I triturate it, dry it, and mix it with the dried chloride of magnesium
as before described. I employ about 12 parts by weight of dried chloride of
magnesium for 100 parts by weight of magnesia, pure or mixed, say the
chemical equivalent of dry chloride of magnesium, and the chemical equivalent
of calcined magnesia.
This cement should be stored in casks or other well closed vessels to keep
il from contact with the air. Magnesia and chloride of magnesium are the
two chief ingredients of the cement, but these materials may be mixed
with other powdered substances. Some substances may be mixed with the
magnesia, for instance, sulphate of baryta which may be mixed in equal
proportion with the magnesia, or sulphate of lime, kaolin, talc, pipe clay,
sulphur, carbonate of lime, argillaceous earths, baked or not, oxides, and most
materials insoluble in chloride capable of being more or less casily pulverized.
Ivory and sawdust and analogous substances may even be added, or the flour of
cereal and leguminous seeds, fecula, and other substances. By adding to the
cement coloring matters, such as ultramarine, chrome, yellow and green,
vermillion, ochres, and others, imitation marbles and mosaics may be produced.
The cement may also have hard substances mixed with it, such as sand, grit,
and emery, so as to form millstones and coatings. A mixture of iron filings
with the cement forms an excellent material for various purposes. The
chloride of magnesium may also while containing certain salts make a good
cement; mother water (the residue from salt works) may even be employed
at the degree of concentration it ordinarily possesses. This water marks about
30° Beaume, and contains in 100 parts: -

page_text: The cement obtained with the liquid resists boiling water like that made
with the solution of pure chloride of magnesium. By concentrating this
mother water to 40° the chloride of sodium and the sulphate of magnesia are
crystallized and there only remains in solution the chloride of magnesium which
may be employed for cement, and which is a little preferable to the mixture
of salts above given.
The chief purposes for which the magnesian cement can be employed are
the following:-
1st, agglomeration of sands, grits, granites, pebbles, and other pulverable
materials, so as to form ashlar, slabs, blocks for constructive purposes and
embankments.
2nd, agglomeration of silex, grits, granites, emery. pumice stone, or other
materials to form mill or grind stones.
3rd, agglomeration of kaolin, talc, sulphate of baryta, sulphate of lime,
iron, pyrites, ochres, and sulphate of lead to form a plastic material to be
moulded into statues, ornamental vases and other objects, to take impressions,
or to be made into crucibles and other vessels.
4th, agglomeration of sawdust and preparation of slabs for inlaid
flooring and other purposes, as objects of ornament, or to preserve from
damp.
5th, aggregation of wool or cotton shearings, powdered leather, or waste of
bone or ivory, to obtain materials of the consistence of stone, having a specific
weight relatively small and possessing elasticity.
6th, manufacture or moulding of mosaics, parquet tiles, either white or
colored, chimney pieces, tables or panels in imitation of marble.
7th, uniting pieces of stone, repairing monumental sculpture, making water
shoots and coating walls.
8th, preparation of a cement, which may be sold in the form of powder,
and capable of employment as plaster, with the advantage of not being liable
to crack, and being harder and not likely to damage by blows.
This last cement is prepared as follows:-
Dry chloride of magnesium
Calcined magnesia
1 chemical equivalent.
I
23
"
Finely powdered grit or other powder, about three times the weight of
magnesia, this proportion may be varied.
Lastly, this Invention applies to the agglomeration, aggregation, petrifaction
and moulding of mineral, vegetable, or animal matters by means of the oxy-
chloride of magnesium, and, the preparation by this body either alone or

page_text: associated with other materials of a plastic paste, which in a few days will
acquire great hardness.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the
new or improved cement or composition herein-before described for the
agglomeration or moulding of various materials, and for other useful and
decorative purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Amelia Susannah Brooman, have here-
anto set my hand and seal, this Second day of June, One thousand
cight hundred and sixty-six.
A. S. BROOMAN. (L.S.)