Improvements in the Process of and Apparatus for Spinning Fibres.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Dec., 1886
Complete Left, 28th Sept., 1887
Complete Accepted, 8th Nov., 1887
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process of and Apparatus for Spinning
Fibres.
I, MARTIN STINGLWAGNER, Junior, of Kleinwalding near Deggendorf, in the
Kingdom of Bavaria, Cloth Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention to be as follows :-
In
This invention relates to improvements in spinning machines and consists in the
following construction and arrangement of parts. The slivers after having left the
card cylinder are first passed through a Doubling machine consisting of four cylinders,
two above and two below. Over each of the upper and lower pairs passes a belt, the
two belts touching each other. The pairs are however shifted reciprocally to and fro
by an eccentric or other mechanism so that the slivers passing between the belts are
"doubled." In some cases, however, the roving so formed would be too thick.
such cases to produce a finer roving, a stretching frame is used, consisting of pre-
ferably four rollers arranged vertically above each other, and connected with each
other through tooth wheels of equal diameter, the diameters of the rollers however
differing from each other the lower roller having the smallest and each following
roller a slightly larger diameter. The roving from the doubling machine is led under
the lowest roller alternately round each side of the successive rollers, and is guided
from the uppermost roller to a cylinder device feeding the "flyer.'
"
The roving on leaving the doubling machine (or the stretching frame when such is
used) is conducted through wire eyelets fastened on a cross bar, into a cylinder system
which conveys the thread to the "flyer" or spinning mechanism. This cylinder
system consists of two parallel metal cylinders over which revolves a set of cylindrical
drums, one for each single roving and having for their purpose to prevent the twisting
of the thread effected by the "flyer" from continuing towards the stretching frame or
the doubling machine. The cylindrical drums lying side by side are preferably pro-
vided at their centres on each side with small hemispherical projecting bosses for the
purpose of preventing, as far as possible, friction between the drums and securing for
each of them an independent movement.

page_text: The
spinning of the roving is effected by a peculiarly constructed "flyer" consisting
of a hollow tubular case, closed at the fore end and having at the rearward end a
flaring mouth; round the tube are set bearing rails by means of which the tubes are
journalled so as to be easily revolvable in their bearings; the solid fore end is pro-
vided with an inclined bore passing from the centre of its front side to the outer
periphery of the tube-body and continued under or through the rails on the tube.
Near the extremity of the flaring rear part of the flyer is a perforation through the
material of the tube alligned with the said bore. The fore end of the flyer is preferably
set at a distance of about 4 millimetres from the cylinder device above mentioned, for
allowing the roving to be spun. Into the hollow space of the flyer fits a bobbin of
wood or sheet iron, corresponding in shape to the space in the flyer. The bobbin is
adapted to be fixed firmly on its holder by means of a spring or other suitable means.
The bobbin and holder are however loosely set on the spindle allowing them to turn
with the flyer. When the end of the roving is passed through the bores and perfora-
tion in the flyer and wound round the bobbin and the machine set in motion, the
roving is spun by means of the flyer and wound on the bobbin. The bobbin introduced
into the tube turns at the same time, but with a retarded action partly due to the
weight of the bobbin itself, partly through a brake contrivance arranged there with
so that the spun thread is wound on the bobbin. The said brake consists in a
spring adapted to be set with more or less pressure against the periphery of the
bobbin holder. All the spindles carrying the bobbins are fixed on a cross bar which
is hinged at its extremities on brackets provided with bosses, tapped and set on
horizontal screw spindles, adapted to revolve and also to slide longitudinally.
"
The latter motion may be communicated by eccentrics, and has for its purpose the
winding of the thread in even layers on the bobbin. One end of the spindle is
made prismatic, and on this part two tooth wheels are mounted, but secured against
displacement in horizontal direction. When the spindle is shifted to and fro as above
described the tooth-wheels do not take part in this motion. The wheels however
serve to turn the guiding spindle. Owing however, to the constitution of the "
cop
or thread wound on the bobbin, cach successive layer is situated further along the
bobbin and therefore each forward travel of the latter into the flyer must be shorter
than the corresponding backward travel in an amount corresponding to the thickness
of the yarn. For this purpose a slowly revolving worm-wheel is geared with one of
the said tooth wheels on the guiding spindle so as to slowly turn the guiding spindle
whereby the bobbin holders are gradually shifted back by the screw thread, corre-
sponding to the thickness of the throad. The worm-wheel can be disengaged when
required and the spindle rotated by a hand crank when fresh " cops are to be
wound.
Dated this 28th day of Da
11000

page_text: I, MARTIN STINGLWAGNER Junior of Kleinwalding near Deggendorf in the Kingdom
of Bavaria, Cloth manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to spinning fibres and consists in the new devices and com-
binations hereinafter described for this purpose-The purpose of the invention being
an efficient machine of cheap cost.
Referring to the accompanying drawings-
Fig. 1 illustrates in side elevation a carding cylinder and the spinning apparatus.
Fig. 2 illustrates a similar machine having a lengthening device for drawing the
roving.
Fig. 3 Front elevation of the bar or rail carrying the spindles, some of the latter
being shown partly in section.
Fig. 4 sectional views of the flyer and spindle with spindle carrier. It is known
that fibres coming from the card cylinder form flat bands of parallel slivers, which are
not in a condition to be spun since the outer slivers would be strained too much in
proportion to the inner slivers and the thread would either be unevenly spun or would
break. To prepare the slivers for spinning, they are in this invention, doubled or
condensed by the condenser which feeds them to the spinning machinery.
The condenser preferable for this purpose is that shown in the drawings at A Figs. 1
and 2. It consists of four parallel cylinders journalled in suitable bearings-an end-
less apron passes over the upper pair of rollers, and a similar apron over the lower
pair, the said aprons being in contact along a portion of their course as indicated in
Fig. 1-The cylinders are revolved by suitable gear, at a speed equivalent to the
thickness of the spun yarn and sufficient for the feed of the slivers, a reciprocating
axial movement in contrary direction is also given to the cylinders by suitable cam
or other gear, so that the slivers are doubled or condensed while passing between the
aprons.
In cases where the yarn spun from the roving so formed would be too thick for the
purposes intended, the roving is stretched or lengthened before spinning by means of
the device shown at K Fig. 2. This device consists preferably of four parallel

page_text: cylinders journalled one above the other in a suitable frame. The first
cylinder of the series (preferably the lowest) is of small diameter and each suc-
cessive cylinder roller of the series is of somewhat larger diameter than the preceding
cylinder, the cylinders are geared together by spur wheels of equal diameter; thus
the cylinders revolve at equal speeds in alternate directions, but the peripheral velocity
of the series increases in proportion as the diameter increases. The roving from the
condenser is led under the lowest cylinder and alternately round opposite sides of
each of the series of cylinders and over the last cylinder k, whence it is
guided to or through a rolling device to the flyer. Since each succeeding cylinder
has a greater circumferential velocity than the preceding cylinder, the roving passing
over these cylinders is subjected to a continual but gradual strain, which lengthens
the roving in proportion to the increase of diameter of the cylinders, making the
roving proportionally finer. The rollers or some of them are preferably so journalled
as to enable them to be shifted apart for the easier insertion of the roving.
The roving after leaving the condenser (or the lengthening cylinders where such
are used) is passed through wire eyelets 6 fastened on a cross bar, through a roller
system N to the flyer. The said roller system N consists of two parallel cylinders c²
preferably of metal, over which roll or revolve by contact a set of cylindrical drums or
discs c one for each roving, and having for their purpose to prevent the twisting of the
thread effected by the flyer from continuing towards the doubling machine or towards
the lengthening device when such is used.
The aforesaid cylindrical drums are preferably provided on each end with central
bosses of hemispherical or other convenient shape to obviate as far as possible friction
between the drums and so secure for each an independent movement. From this
roller system the roving passes to the flyer d shown in section on an enlarged scale to
the left of Fig. 4. It consists of a tube closed at the fore end d³ and having at the
rearward end a flaring mouth-Around the body of the tube are formed or fixed
flanged bearing rails dd, and around the tube between said bearing rails is formed
or fixed the grooved pulloy . Aligned through or under the said rails & d¹ and
pulley d² are passages for the yarn-and aligned with these passages are the hole d
through the wall of the tube at or near is flaring end, and also the inclined passage dª
passing to the centre or thereabouts of the outer face of the fore end of the tube-
o o aro semicircular bearings supporting the rails d¹ d' of the flyer d the latter being
caused to revolve by a cord passing over pulleys d and D (Fig. 1) the latter operated
by power through suitable gear. The front end of the flyer is set at a small distance
froin the roller device N aforesaid for allowing the roving to be twisted. Into the
hollow space of the flyer is adapted to be inserted a bobbin 7 of wood or sheet iron
corresponding in shape to the interior of the flyer and having at its rear a conical
extension having axially bored therein a cylindrical or slightly conical pit extended
into a cylindrical bore passing through the bobbin. Into the aforesaid pit extends the
sleeve of the spool holder f, the said sleeve having a spring or springs f by which
it is secured in the bobbin, the rear part of the bobbin holder has a peripheral
groove f3 into which engages a spring band acting as a brake. Axially through the
Bobbin holder is a cylindrical bore forming an extension of that aforesaid in the
bobbin, and through said bore passes the pin n firmly attached to the cross rail n'.
The spring bands p shown in Fig. 3, are socured at one end to the cross rail n' and at
the other by set screws p by which their pressure on the bobbin holders may be
regulated. The roving is passed through the channel under the rails and pulley d²
through the hole and is wound over the bobbin and the machine set in motion, the
flyer revolves, spinning the yarn and winding it on the bobbin 1, the latter revolves
on the pin n and turns with the flyer but at a less rate of speed, being retarded by the
spring band p sufficiently for the winding of the yarn on the bobbin. All the pins n
are fixed on one cross bar a' the latter being hinged at its extromities to arms n² so
that the bobbins can be turned up into a vertical or horizontal position the cross bar n¹
being secured by a spring or other suitable means.
In order to give an automatic movement to the bobbin for the winding thereon of

page_text: the yarn, the arms ², carrying the cross bar with the bobbin, terminate in bosses
bored with female screws, through these bosses engage the screw spindles W Fig. 1,
which are operated in the following manner.
The latter portion W' of each spindle W under or near the flyer, is made prismatic,
and on such prismatic part is placed a sleeve having formed or fixed to it two toothed
wheels
The bearing finger a extends between the said toothed wheels and prevents move-
ment thereof in the direction of the axis of the spindle, the said wheels are also
prevented from turning on said spindle by the prismatic nature of the latter at this
part, while the spindle W is capable of longitudinal movement, independent of said
toothed wheels.
Owing to the constitution of the "cop" or yarn wound on the bobbin, the yarn has
to be wound on the latter in a series of conical layers each layer further toward the
point of the bobbin than that preceding it. Thus the bobbin must have a regular
reciprocating longitudinal movement in combination with a comparatively slow back-
ward travel. The latter movement is attained by the revolution of the spindles W.
The arms n² are thereby gradually moved outward from the flyer. The revolution of
each spindle W is operated by a worm S gearing in the toothed pinion on the
spindle but capable of being disengaged therefrom.
Fig. 1 illustrates a machine having two tiers of spinning mechanism, in such, only
one worm S need be used since all four spindles W may be connected by chains t
indicated by dotted lines connecting the wheels, so that all spindles W are equally
and simultaneously revolved. The movement of the bobbin necessary for winding
each layer is derived by giving to the spindles W a reciprocating longitudinal motion
by suitable excentric gear.
In the machine shown in Fig. 1 the upper and lower
spindles W are connected by rods adapted to be displaced laterally by excentrics on
a shaft journalled in the frame of the machine and driven by power through driving
belt and pulley or other suitable gear.
The spindles W are capable of turning in the sleeves of the rod i but are not capable
of sliding longitudinally therein.
By disengaging the worm S and revolving the hand crank at the end of the
spindle W, the bobbins may be drawn from out of the flyers d and removed from the
holders and replaced by others-the bobbins being also arranged in position before
winding by means of said hand cranks-When the bobbins are fully wound the
machine is automatically set out of gear by mechanism set in action by the retiring
spool holder or otherwise for disengaging a clutch, shifting the driving belt or
otherwise discontinuing the driving power.
Since the flyer d should be capable of being easily adjusted to revolve with any
desired velocity the pulley D is driven through intervention of conical speed gear.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
In spinning apparatus:
1. A hollow tubular flyer having a flaring end, rails d' and cord pulley d³ or
equivalent thereon, bore d', bores under or through said rails and pulley or equivalent
and a hole din said flaring end, in combination with bobbin land mechanism for
reciprocating said bobbin longitudinally, axially in said flyer the outward movement
of said bobbin exceeding the inward movement thereof, for the purpose set forth.
2. The combination with a flyer or spinner of a roller system N consisting of
cylinders and loose cylindrical drum or drums c substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
3. The combination with a condenser and a roller system N of a lengthening device
consisting of a series of cylinders each cylinder having a greater circumferential
velocity than the preceding cylinder for the purpose set forth.
4. The combination with pin n of a bobbin and a bobbin holder capable of revolving
on said pin, said bobbin holder tonguing into said bobbin and having a peripheral

page_text: track, together with an adjustable spring p capable of acting with pressure on said
peripheral track for the purpose set forth.
5. The combination with a series of bobbins a rail n¹ carrying said bobbins, arms n²
supporting said rail, screw spindles w engaging in female screws in said arms-
prismatic portions W¹ on said spindles, worin sleeves on said prismatic portions W
spur wheels 2 on said sleeve, finger, worm S, gearing in said spur wheel ² and
excentric motion for reciprocating said spindles W longitudinally for the purpose set
forth.
Dated this 28th day of September 1887.
MARTIN
STINGLWAGNER.
By Herbert & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Charing Cross, W.C.,
Agents to Applicant.