Improvements in Indicating, Calculating, Registering, and Recording Appliances and Cash Tills.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 29th June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 29th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 29th June, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Indicating, Calculating, Registering, and Recording
Appliances and Cash Tills.
I JOHN SHAKESPEARE of 120 Snow Hill Dudley in the County of Worcester
Fruit Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows
Relates to improvements on previous inventions as is described in Speen.
No. 20,5810 and 388292.
In the construction of my indicating and registering appliances with a cash till
or without a cash till I make and provide a mechanical self-acting device for
preventing fraudulent indications being made by the operator and to adjust
imperfect registrations.
I also construct my machines to be used for arithmetical computations to add.
multiply, subtract and divide, any sums of cash or decimal numbers.
I construct my arithmametrical machines for pocket use or other purposes to
indicate register and record upon one and the same dial.
In arranging several machines in line to serve as sections in a continuous train
to form one compound machine as one to indicate and register pence one shillings
one pounds and so on in decimals, I pass the maximum sum of one registering
mechanism to the next in succession by means of one intermediate wheel.
I construct my indicating and totaling machines for checking purposes to be
used in shops or other establishments with a double registering mechanism in
order that whichever side of the machine is in view to the customers the amount
of their payments may be seen to be both indicated and added on the dials.
I also cause them to keep both a temporary record and a permanent total record of
all receipts.
To perform my invention I provide and arrange two dial plates through the
centers of which I pass the ends of the indicating and registering shafts to hold
the pointers. I fix a disk on to the indicating and driving shaft in position about
midway between the dial plates. I fix a pivot driving pawl and spring on to each
side of the disk each in position to drive in opposite directions when in action.
I arrange two equal registering mechanisms one on each side of the disks to be driven
by the pawls. Each of the registering mechanisms consists of one star shaped
ratchet-wheel mounted upon one end of a hollow shaft which carries a pointer on its
other end to register upon its dial.
As in my first invention I fix a pawl and spring between the dial plates to
act upon the teeth of the counting ratchet-wheel. I now fix a coiled spring to act
upon the pawl to cause it to more evenly continue to press against the angular
shaped teeth of the ratchet-wheel to force it backward when one of its counting
teeth shall have only partially slipped the point of the pawl in a forward direction.
I fix the axles and pivots of the pawls at respective distances from the ratchet-
wheels in order that the length of a pawl shall be but slightly in excess of the
measurement between the center of an axle or pivot and the hollow of the angular
shaped teeth of the ratchet-wheel. This device ensures that the indicating and
registering pointers cannot rest between any two of the numbers or divissions marked
upon their dials, there being an automatic momentum continually supplied to so far
carry backward the movements and pointers.

page_text: I pass the maximum sum from the dial of one registering mechanism to the
next in succession by fixing a toothed wheel upon the hollow shaft of the former
and gearing it to an intermediate transfering wheel. I fix a spring pivot and pawl
on to the side of the transfering wheel which at each revolution that it makes there-
with causes the pawl to engage one of the counting teeth of the next registering
ratchet-wheel and moves it one tooth forward which causes it to register the
transfered amount on to its dial.
To enable my machines to be used for subtracting and deviding sums, I mark
two sets of numbers round cach dial each set to count in an opposite direction to
the other, and I arrange for one pointer to register on both sets of numbers.
With this arrangement whatever sums may be manually indicated from zero with
the indicating pointer on the forward counting numbers, are respectively and
simultaneously deducted from whatever sums are registered on the backward
counting numbers, and the minimum of one dial borrows from the next in succession
by means of the intermediate transfering wheels. I arrange any number of indicating
and registering mechanisms together with intermediate wheels in a continuous
train and I fix dials thereon ou which sums may be entered at any point in the line
to be added to or to be deducted from the sums that are registered on the dials,
which arrangement enables that millions of pounds may be as quickly computed
on the higher numbered dials as pence may be on the pence dial.
I construct a small pocket arithmometer with its indicating and registering
mechanism arranged between two round plates for computing sums of from one
half penny to twelve pence upon one dial with one indicating pointer and one
registering pointer, the number of counting teeth on its ratchet-wheel being 24.
To increase the capacity of the recording mechanism I fix a tooth on to the side of
the pence counting wheel which will, at each revolution that it makes therewith,
engage one of the teeth of a 20 toothed wheel which is mounted upon an axle
which carries an eight toothed pinion. I mount an eighty toothed wheel upon a
hollow shaft which I arrange to revolve loose over the hollow shaft of the pence
counting wheel. I cause one end of the outer hollow shaft to pass through the
center of the dial and I mount thereon a shillings registering pointer. I cause the
eighty toothed wheel to gear with and to be driven by the eight toothed pinion.
With this arrangement of the mechanisin and gearings the manipulations of
the indicating and driving shaft causes the pence registering pointer to pass round
the dial two hundred times whilst the shillings registering pointer passes round
once, accordingly in addition to the pence computing numbers I mark two hundred
divissions round the dial to be counted as shillings by the shillings registering
pointer.
In constructing a double checking pence shillings and pounds mechanism in
connection with a cash till I arrange for each of the registering mechanisms on one
side of the driving disks to keep separate records respectively, and I arrange for
their three duplicates on the other side of the disks to keep one total record by
means of the employment of the intermediate transfering wheels. I sometimes
construct the pounds counting wheel with 20 teeth to indicate and register from
one to twenty pounds inclusivly on its dial and I increase the recording capacity
in the same way and as is above described in the pocket computing machine.
In the latter described machine in order to keep the total record private I do
not fix a pointer on to the higher recording shaft but I shape it in such a manner
that a pointer may be slided thereon at will in one position only which position will
always cause the adjusted pointer to indicate the total record upon the dial in the
same manner as a fixed pointer would do.
To keep a temporary record in addition to the permanent total record I
construct ferrules to fit and to be adjusted at will upon the pence the shilling
and the pounds permanent recording shafts. I put a mark to serve as an
indication on each adjustable ferrule which marks may be set to indicate in
the direction of the zeros at the commencement of each of the temporary recording
periods.

page_text: I also provide three locking mechanisms between the plates and I fix three
locking levers on to the balanced lid of the till, I arrange for the locks to be
operated by catches which I fix on each of the operating disks.
With this triple
locking arrangement the till lid cannot re-raise itself until each of the three indicating
pointers have all been returned to their respective zeros after a transaction has taken
place. I cause one of the levers on the balanced lid to engage the hammer to strike
the bell when the till is opening.
Improvements in Indicating, Calculating, Registering, and Recording
Appliances and Cash Tills.
I JOHN SHAKESPEARE of 120 Snow Hill Dudley in the County of Worcester
Fruit Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in calculating registering & recording
appliances & cash tills and is a further developement of my Patents No. 20581
A.D. 1890 and No. 3882 A.D. 1892 by which I provide:
First. A mechanical calculator operated by hand to add & carry, substract and
borrow, multiply and divide compound or decimal sums in arithmetic with or without
the aid of mental calculation.
Second. In the receipts checking mechanism an improved device for more
effectually determining correct indications of cash receipts in shops or other places
of trust together with a double registering mechanism for keeping both a temporary
and a permanent total record of all receipts also for use in connection with a printed
calender and index columns for keeping periodical records.
Third. A cash till with a self raising lid an improved automatic locking unlocking
bell-ringing and escape device, the upper part of the case being constructed to
contain a series of consecutively numbered compound receipt strips such as are
described and illustrated in Specification No. 38822, to be used together with a
printed calender and index columns for keeping a record of the number of printed
receipts issued.
Fourth. An improved mechanical transfering and escape device for carrying or
borrowing when the maximums or minimums have been reached or passed by the
registering pointers on the registering dials.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood and more easily carried
into practise I have appended hereunto four sheets of drawings upon which I have
fully illustrated the nature of my said improvements.
Figure 1 is an interior elevation of the mechanical calculator.
Figure 2 is an elevation of the dials of the same calculator.
Figure 3 is a plan of same.
Figure 4 is an elevation of a dial in which the same mechanism is embodied in a
circular face.
Figure 5 is an internal elevation of certain parts of Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a view of a calculating disc suitable for adding subtracting multiplying
or dividing as may be required.
Figure 7 is a sectional view through the mechanism of Figure 6.
Figure 8 is an elevation of part of the mechanism of the calculating indicator
shewn by Fig. 6.
Figure 9 is an elevation of a receipt indicating public registering and private
recording machine.
Figure 10 is an elevation of the dial for same.

page_text: Figure 11 is a vertical cross section through same shewing the till closed..
Figure 12 is a similar. part section to Figure 11 but shewing the till open.
Figure 13 is a diagram view of a dial for calculating large sums.
Figures 12 and 3 shew a small pocket compound adding register arranged to
illustrate the transferring mechanism and escape device, the transferring pawls a
and which are pivotted on the sides of their respective registering wheels A
and B are caused together with their respective registering pointers a² and 62
to turn cycles by degrees of movement round the axles on which the registering
wheels and pointers are fixed.
The pounds registering wheel C has 10 registering teeth and its dial c³ has
ten degrees marked & numbered at proportionately measured distances from
zero round its dial face. The registering wheel B which turns in an opposite
direction is provided with 20 teeth for registering 20 shillings upon its dial b³
and the registering wheel A has 24 teeth for registering 24 halfpence upon its
dial a³. The three registering mechanisms not being connected to each other
consequently allow that the pounds register can be operated upon without causing
any movement of the shillings or pence registers and the shillings can be registered
without causing any movement of the pence register. The position of the pence
pointer a² and that of the transfering pawl a' indicates that they have been
moved 23 degrees forward from their zero while the shillings pointer 62 and the
transfering pawl shew 19 degrees of movement whilst the pounds pointer c²
stands to indicate zero, so that the pointers as shewn indicate that the sum
of £3 19s. 11 d. has been registered.
The adding of one halfpenny to the amount by moving the pointer a² one degree
to zero would cause the transfering pawl to engage with one of the teeth of the
shillings registering wheel and move it one degree forward and simultaneously the
transfering pawl 61 would engage with one of the teeth of the pounds registering
wheel C and moves it one degree the maximum of the pence dial being thus passed
on to the shilling dial and the maximum of the shillings dial carried on to the
pounds dial the sum then registered being £1 0s. Od. The spring-pawls at b*
and are arranged so as to act upon the teeth of the respective registering
wheels for the purpose of determining every degree of movement & registration
and the teeth of the registering wheels are shaped to accommodate themselves to
the pressure of the spring pawls for the same purpose.
The transfering pawls a' and ' are conveniently shaped for the springs a³ and a
to act upon them so as to hold them in position for driving the shillings or pounds
registering wheel one degree forward each time that the pence or shillings
pointer is moved round to zero but when the points of the pawis a' or b¹ do
not stand clear of the teeth of the shillings wheel when they are put in motion
the springs a and a6 allow the pawl a¹ or to turn on their pivots when
in contact with the teeth thus allowing the pence or shillings wheel to escape
being carried forward by the action of the shillings or pounds wheel as the case
may be.
Figures 4 and 5 shew a modification of the same adding mechanism which may
be made round in shape, with a pence indicating mechanism added thereto the
indicating pointer D of which is fitted on to the solid axle d' the pounds registering
pointer being fitted onto the hollow axle d². The shillings adding axle d³ carries an
eight toothed pinion e¹ which gears with the 80 toothed wheel F which is mounted
on the hollow axle d on which is fixed the 200s. or £10 registering pointer F¹.
At the back of the machine the end of the axle d' is operated to indicate & to
register pence and the axle d³ is operated to add and register shillings.
The maximum of the pence dial is carried on to the shillings dial in the same
way and manner as described with regard to Figures 1 and 3.
The registering capacity of this machine may be raised by increasing the number
of the teeth on the wheel F and by decreasing the number of the teeth on the
pinion e¹.
In the construction of large indicating and registering calculators such as shewn

page_text: by Figure 13 I employ an intermediate wheel A³ between the registering
mechanisms for the purpose of allowing space for large indicating dials and also
to cause all the registering pointers to turn in one and the same direction in which
case I fix the transfering mechanism such as a¹ or b¹ upon the sides of the
intermediate wheels A8 Figure 13.
By this machine additions of various amounts up to thousands of inillions can be
made by the manipulation of the various indicating fingers V' which are connected
in each case with the toothed wheels A' which gear with the intermediate wheels A³.
Each of these intermediate wheels carry two pawis a and b which act upon the
twenty tooth wheel A' of the adjoining dial to which is fixed the indicating
fingers V₁ thus communicating the movement and carrying on the amount. I will
explain the action with regard to the units and tens as the same arrangement is
applicable throughout. When the units finger is moved to the extent of 10 on the
dial one of the pawis on the intermediate wheel engages with the 20 tooth wheel A'
which is attached to the tens finger and thus one ten is recorded on the tens dial.
In case of 10 or more being added the tens finger would be operated by hand and
would in the same manner when moved to the extent of 10 cause the pawl of the
next intermediate wheel to move the adjoining 20 tooth wheel A' to which the
"hundred finger is attached one degree thus recording one "hundred on
the hundred dial. The dials and fingers are not shewn except in the case of the
thousands dial but all the dials and fingers would be the same. The dials may be
arranged as shewn or in a circle or other form convenient for the easy manipulation
of the indicating fingers by the operator.
"
Figures 67 and 8 illustrate a double transfering device on one intermediate
wheel and a series of computing dials arranged upon a continuous train of
mechanisms of which G are indicating dials H adding dials and J are the
subtracting dials.
The operating hands V are fixed on the solid operating shafts v on each of
which is fixed a disc k¹ and driving pawl k². The registering hands W each of
which has two finger pointers w¹ and w² are fixed on the sleeves w³ on which are
fixed the registering wheels M which are driven by the driving pawls k² which are
in turn fitted on the discs k' which form one with the operating shafts.
The mode of subtracting is as follows:
The indicating pointers W Figure 6 are first placed to record upon the dials J
the amount from which a deduction has to be made, the operating hands V being
then at zero are carried round until they indicate upon the dials G the amount to
be subtracted and as this latter action carries, by means of ratchet attachments the
indicating pointers W the distance of the travel of the hands V the result is a
record on the dial J by the pointers W of the amount remaining the narrow neck w³
being provided to enable the reading to be effected.
I arrange any convenient groups of dials in rotation but preferably I arrange
eleven in one lot which number I deem a complete set and sufficient for all practical
purposes for calculating sums in English being one to compute pence, one shillings
and nine to compute pounds of from 1 to 1,000,000,000 which is the maximum
capacity of the nine series of pounds dials.
Each of the three rows of nine dials which encircle the nine operating shafts can
be caused to indicate the whole of the nine figures 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 at the same
time and each of the nine figures can be indicated alternately upon each of the
dials by the moving of either of their respective indicating pointers from their zeros
round the dials. I thus form one complete system for mechanically computing
numbers with dials and pointers by causing the pointers and mechanisms to turn
cycles by degrees and to communicate with each other by mechanical devices as
above described.
Figures 9 10 11 and 12 shew a receipts indicating public registering and private
recording machine arranged to act in counection with a cash till Y shewing double
registering mechanisms spring and pawl adjusting device and till automatic locking
unlocking and bell-ringing mechanisms.

page_text: The dial plate and a portion of the self-raising lid are removed for the purpose
of better illustration of the internal arrangements.
The operating shafts K have discs k¹ mounted upon them each of the discs carries
two driving pawls and escapements and one on each side for driving and escaping
the two equal registering wheels L and L' in reverse directions. The registering
wheels M M are mounted upon sleeves which are loose on the operating shafts K
and are arranged one on each side of the discs A¹ the registering wheels being driven
in opposite directions by the driving and escaping pawls.
Each of the sleeves has mounted upon it a gearing wheel N or N¹ in connection
with the registering wheels M.
The one set of gearing wheels N¹ gear with the intermediate wheels m' which in
turn gear with the wheels P which are mounted upon the public registering axles pl
each of the axles of which carries two public registering pointers p³ and p³ on each
side of the machine. Small separate recording dials p are provided at the back of
the machine for the proprietors sole use and to make these so that they can only
be read when required no indicating fingers are attached but the arbor or spindle p
is shaped at the end to fit a removable indicating finger such as shewn by Figure 94
from which it will be seen that supposing the position of the finger when attached
indicates zero before the machine has been in operation the proprietor can at any
period attach the finger, the position of which will then indicate to him the total
amount recorded inasmuch as the finger when attached must always occupy the
same position relative to the arbor. The same result may be obtained by a movable
ferrule or collar which may be placed upon the arbor to revolve with it but which
is provided with a groove or notch on its exterior, the collar being sufficiently loose
for the proprietor to adjust it with the notch or private mark at zero in which case
the collar would be allowed to remain on the arbor and the proprietor could
ascertain by reference to the position of the notch in its relation to the dial the
amount recorded thereby.
The intermediate transfering wheels R are provided with a pawl such as a¹ for
communicating the registration of the amount of pence to the shillings mechanism
and from the shillings to the pounds mechanism respectively.
The 20 toothed pounds registering wheel carries a tooth upon its side which
at every revolution that it makes engages with one of the 20 teeth of the twenties
of pounds recording wheel / and moves it one degree forward. The maximums of
the twenties of pounds recording dial may be carried on to thousands of pounds
recording dials by a series of toothed wheel and pinion gear k k and k³.
Indicating pointers are fixed on to the operating shafts on both sides of the
machine and when indication of receipts are made upon the indicating dials
simultaneous movements are made with the front registering mechanisms at p³
which causes the registering dials to show on both sides the machine that the receipts
have been registered.
The pawls and the coiled springs 10 for retaining them in position are so
arranged as to have a continual adjustment of the indicating & registering
mechanism so as not to allow the indicating pointers to rest between any two
figures on the dials when imperfect indications are made by the operator.
The three front registering trains M' and N¹ are operated when indications of
receipts are being made by the indicating pointers & the back totals recording
train wheels M and N are operated when the indicating pointers are returned to
the zeros.
For the purpose of preventing the back indicating mechanism from being actuated
while the till is open the stops X are provided to engage with the three registering
trains M by which means they are locked this being effected by the weight of the
rod which during the time the lid U is open hangs free of any support and
retains the stops X in engagement with the wheels M as shewn by dotted lines in
Figure 9 but immediately the till is closed the rod is raised and the stop X
withdrawn while the stop 2 which was not in engagement when the till was open is

page_text: raised by the lid U through the rod 3 into engagement with the wheels M' thereby
locking them during the time the till is closed.
For automatically locking the till lid the droppers S are pivoted at s' and are
provided with the notches s² into which the head of the lever T fits. This.
lever T is secured to the one side w² of the lid as shewn and so long as one or more
of the droppers S hang vertically as shewn by 2 the till is locked in a closed
position but immediately the droppers S are all caused to take the position shewn
by the weight of the part of the lid U-causes-it-to-swing into the-open-
position shewn by Figure 12. The droppers S are caused to take the position
shewn by s3 by the catches m³ which are fixed to the discs & Figure 11 and are-
arranged in such a position that they operate when their respective pointers are
at zero.
I arrange for the lever T on the balanced lid U to catch the hammer t² and.
thereby ring the bell when the lid of the till is opened.
The till cannot be unlocked until the whole of the indications have been.
taken off.
The returning of the indicating pointers to the zero's causes the till lid to unlock
and raise, the bell to ring and causes the whole of the receipts to be recorded on
the private total recording train.
I may provide a modification of my calculating mechanisms with which
calculations may be made partly by mental aid there being no indicating dial &
pointer employed therewith, the counting wheels together with their gearing wheels.
Leing mounted fast on the operating shafts.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion & in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. A numbers adding & recording mechanism with spring pawls acting
upon the counting teeth to adjust the indications of the registering pointers the
registering mechanisms being caused to communicate with each other by means of
the transferring driving & escaping mechanisms arranged upon the sides of the
registering wheels with which they revolve for carrying the maximums of one
recording dial on to the next substantially as described with regard to Figures 1
to 5 inclusive.
Claim 2. The combination of a numbers indicating and escaping mechanism as
set forth in Claim 1 with an adding transfering and recording mechanisms arranged
as & for the purposes substantially as herein described.
Claim 3. The numbers indicating and registering mechanism having a series of
dials encircling each of their operating shafts with sets of numbers marked and
arranged in various orders thereon for adding multiplying subtracting and substan-
tially as described with regard to Figures 67 and 8.
Claim 4. A numbers indicating & registering mechanisms gearing with inter-
mediate wheels carrying single and double communicating mechanisms for transfering
the maximums and the minimums registerings of one set of dials to the next the
said dials having double sets of numbers marked thereon to be counted
backward and forward by the pointers for calculating purposes substantially as
described with regard to Fig. 6.
Claim 5. A cash till with self raising lid having a mechanical locking unlocking
and bell ringing device, substantially as herein described & shewn by Figures 9 10 11
and 12.
Claim 6. The combination of a cash till with printed consecutive numbered
compound receipt strips such as are described in Specification No. 3882 A.D. 1892
arranged for giving receipts with compound printed numbers for cash received to
be used for checking and recording purposes in connection with a printed calender
and consecutive numbered compound receipts issuing index substantially as
described.

page_text: L
Claim 7. A separate pence receipts indicating registering and recording train.
A separate shillings recipts indicating registering and recording train and a separate
pounds receipts indicating registering and recording train each of which have a
spring and pawl adjusting device arranged for checking cash receipts substantially
as described & shewn by Figs. 9 10 11 and 12.
Claim 8. A pence indicating & registering mechanism geared with an inter-
mediate carrying forward device, a shillings indicating and registering mechanisin
geared with an intermediate carrying forward device and a pounds indicating
registering and recording train arranged to co-operate together for calculating
checking & recording cash receipts substantially as described with regards to
Figs. 9 10 11 12.
Claim 9. A pounds shillings & pence receipts indicating registering and recording
machine having movable registering pointers for keeping a temporary record in
addition to a permanent total record for use also in connection with a printed
calender and index columns for keeping periodical records of cash receipts
substantially as described.
Claim 10. A cash till with bell ringing lock & unlocking mechanisms encasing
and connected with double driving and double registering mechanisms having a
double set of dials & pointers on the back & front of the machine for publicly
indicating & registering each amount of cash receipts together with a private
temporary totaling device and a private permanent totals recording train
substantially as & for the purpose herein set forth & shewn upon the accompanying
four sheets of drawings.
Dated this 28th day of March 1895.
JOHN SHAKESPEARE.