Iμ- PROVEMENTS IN SAFETY LAMPS, PART OR PARTS OF SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE, AND FOR THE PURPOSES OF VENTILATION GENERALLY."
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Young Hall, of the Town and County
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Coal Owner, for the Invention of "Iμ-
PROVEMENTS IN SAFETY LAMPS, PART OR PARTS OF SUCH IMPROVEMENTS
BEING APPLICABLE TO THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE, AND
FOR THE PURPOSES OF VENTILATION GENERALLY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Young
Hall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 9th August 1853.
Spec
I, THOMAS YOUNG HALL, of the Town and County of Newcastle- Pro
upon-Tyne, Coal Owner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY LAMPS, PART OR PARTS OF SUCH
IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF
SMOKE, AND FOR THE PURPOSES OF VENTILATION GENERALLY," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of miners lamps, .
whereby a more perfect combustion is obtained, accompanied with an
increased brilliancy of light. The chamber of the lamp is composed of
disc glass for about three fourths of its circumference, the other portion

page_text: being composed of double wire gauze, to the inside of which is attached
parabolic reflector in conjunction with a plano convex lens, either
polygonal or not. The glass portion of the chamber is protected from
injury by wire gauze or tale, or the glass may be combined with metal,
according to another invention for which I have applied for Letters
Patent. In order that the expansion and contraction of the glass may
not be interfered with, a portion of each disc is cut away or slotted into
the centre. Or the lamp may be modified by placing a cylinder of glass
on each side of the gauze, resting upon the dome of the air vault, and
closely surrounding the central aperture. The external air is admitted
through perforations in the dome of the air vault. The gauze entirely
surrounds the air vault, and the perforated portion of the dome is
between the gauze and the inner glass cylinder. That portion of the
air which enters below the brass rim is guided through the holes in the
dome of the air vault to the central aperture, whence it passes directly
upon the flame. The consumption of the smoke is effected by a
chimney placed above the flame at a certain distance according to the
size or diameter of the flame or fire; this chimney is composed of glass
or of wire, wire gauze, talc, nica, platina, or copper gauze, perforated,
in combination or not with glass. The ingress and egress of the air is
regulated by a screen composed of a series of bars ranged side by side,
and opened or closed by a screw. The species of smoke consuming
chimney employed in this lamp is equally applicable to the consump
tion of smoke in furnaces, the size of the chimney being regulated
according to the extent of the fire. The ventilating screen may be
also obviously applied for ventilating purposes in apartinents, ships, and
holds wassal Ca
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Young Hall in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 9th February 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
THOMAS YOUNG HALL, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, Coal Owner, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Young Hall, Her special
license that I, the said Thomas Young Hall, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Young Hall, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY LAMPS, PART OR PARTS OF SUCH IMPROVEMENTS
BEING APPLICABLE TO THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE, AND FOR
THE PURPOSES OF VENTILATION GENERALLY," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Thomas Young Hall, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the saine
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the late of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Young Hall, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:
My said Invention relates,―
First, to an improved construction and arrangement of miners safety
lamps, whereby a more perfect combustion is obtained, accompanied
with an increased brilliancy of light; and,
Second, to a peculiar system or mode of consuming smoke in ordi-
nary domestic stoves or grates or other fire-places, such system being a
modification of a portion of the first part of my Invention.
In one arrangement the chamber of the lamp is composed of disc
glass for about three fourths of its circumference, the other portion

page_text: Being composed of double wire gauze, to the inside of which is attached
a parabolic reflector in conjunction with a plano convex lens, either
polygonal or not. The glass portion of the chamber is protected from
injury by wire gauze or tale, or the glass may be combined with
metal according to another invention, for which I have applied for
Let'ers Patent. In order that the expansion and contraction of the
glass may not be interfered with, a portion of each disc is cut away or
slotted. into the centre. Or the lamp may be modified by placing a
cylinder of glass on each side of the gauze, resting upon the dome of
the air vault, and closely surrounding the central aperture. The
external air is admitted through perforations in the dome of the air
vault. The gauze entirely surrounds the air vault, and the perforated
portion of the lome is between the gauze and the inner glass cylinder.
That portion of the air which enters below the brass rim is guided
through the holes in the dome of the air vault to the central aperture,
whence it passes directly upon the flame. The consumption of the
smoke in the lamp is effected by a chimney placed above the flame at
a certain distance, according to the size or diameter of the flame or
tire when applied to stoves or grates; this chimney is composed of
glass, or of wire, wire gauze, tale, mica, platina, or copper gauze, per-
forated, in combination or not with glass. The ingress and egress
the air is regulateil by a screen composed of a series of bars ranged
side by side, and opened or closed by a screw. The species of smoke
consuming chinney employed in this lamp is, cqually applicable to the
consumption of smoke in furnaces, the size of the chimney being regu-
lated according to the extent of the fire. The ventilating screen may
be also obviously applied to ventilating purposes in apartments, ships,
and holds of vessels, &c.
.
of
Fig. 1, on Sheet 1, of the Drawings, represents a side elevation of
one of my improved lamps; and Fig. 2, is a horizontal section of
the same. This lamp is intended not so much for the direct use of
the miner, as for the purpose of lighting the various galleries or pas-
sages in the mine. A number of these lamps are hung up at certain
intervals.in the galleries or passages, so as to act as beacons or guides
for the horses and miners during their transit along the gallerios, the

page_text: chamber of which is partly composed. of glass, formed into discs or s
segments A, which may be cut after the form of the dioptric lens for.
the purpose of distributing the light more effectually. The light may
be further increased also by the employment of a plano convex lens or,
segment B, of that section, in conjunction with a parabolic or other
reflector C. This reflector connects the two edges of the segments A,
and B. as shown in Figure 2, and constitutes, also one side of the
oil reservoir or fountain D, which is supplied through the closed aper-
ture E, fitted with a screwed cap. The upper portion of the lamp is
made to screw off at F, F, for the purpose of supplying the reservoir or
fountain with oil. G, is the base of the lamp, forming also the lower
reservoir or oil receptacle, from which the wick receives its supply.
The oil flows from the fountain D, to the reservoir G, through the short
tube and cock H. which constitutes the hinge upon which the whole
of the upper part of the lamp may be turned back, for the purpose of
regulating and trimming the wick. The cock is so arranged that when
the lamp is opened back the communication is closed between the
fountain and reservoir G, but when shut and in its place as shewn-in
the drawings the cock remains open; a wire gauze I, surrounds the
glass portion of the lamp and oil fountain, being soldered or otherwise
secured to the upper and lower rims J, K. A glass chimney L, shewn
in dotted lines is placed over the flame in order to increase the
intensity of the light, and effect the entire consumption of the smoke.
The air is admitted to the interior of the lamp through the annular
space M. M. between the upper edge of the glass cylinder N, and the
metal diaphragm 0. This diaphragm or disc divides the extreme
upper portion P. of the lamp from the lower part, which is kept cool
by the entrance of fresh air, whilst the upper portion or chamber P,
receives the hot air from the chimney L. which opens into it. The
gauze forming the upper chamber of the lamp, and through which the
air enters, may be made double or of a very fine mesh for the sake of
greater security. The mesh I prefer is about one thousand three hun-
dred to the square inch. The air on entering the lamp passes down the
interior outside the chimney, and comes in tcontact with the flame.as
will be hereafter more fully illustrated and described in. reference to

page_text: Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, on the same Sheet of Drawings. The wick is
elevated by the small toothed wheel Q, and spindle R, which is fitted
with a milled head S, outside the lamp. This arrangement, however,
will be more clearly understood on reference to Figures 5, and 6, herein-
after described. The annular space M, M, may be adjusted to suit the
required supply of air by raising or lowering the glass cylinder N,
which is effected by turning the screwed rim T, to which the bottom of
the cylinder is cemented. The lower portion of this lamp may be of
the construction shewn in either of the two lamps shewn at Figures 3,
and 5, of the Drawings herein-after described.
Figure 3, represents an elevation and partial section of another kind
of lamp proposed to be used by the miners in the workings; and Figure 4,
is a corresponding horizontal section of the same. By this lamp a
greater brilliancy of light is obtained than from any other existing lamp,
accompanied also with perfect safety from explosion. A, is the base of
the lamp, forming also the reservoir for the oil. A screwed cap or
cover B, is screwed into the top of the reservoir, and is depressed or
sunk in the centre at C, to receive the argand burner, which consists
of a central fixed tube D. opening at its lower end into the air chamber
C, and having a spiral groove E, formed round its external surface.
A collar F, is attached to the lower end of the wick G, and slides over
the tube D, being fitted with a pin which projects into the spiral groove
E, and into a vertical slot in the side of the internal tube H. This
tube has a worm wheel T, secured to its upper end, and is actuated by
the endless screw J, which is fast on the spindle K. This spindle is
fitted with an external milled headed screw I, for the purpose of raising
or lowering the wick without opening the lamp. By turning the worm
wheel I, and internal slotted tube H, the collar F, carrying the wick is
caused to turn round the fixed tube D, and ascends or descends by
travelling along the spiral groove E; a chinney M, is placed above
the flame for the purpose of consuming the smoke and increasing the
intensity of the light. The body of the lamp is surrounded with wire
gauze, which is enclosed by a glass cylindar O, which with the ganze is
let into an annular groove at P. The upper edge of the glass cylinder
does not quite extend to the metal rim R, of the lamp, a space of

page_text: about one eighth of an inch being left for the admission of air to Sp
supply the combustion. At this portion the wire gauze may be made
double or of fine mesh for greater safety. The upper chamber S, of
the lamp above the diaphragm T, is also composed of double wire
gauze, or of a very fine mesh; a slight space is left between the glass
cylinder and the gauze to prevent the fracture of the former tho
becoming over heated.
The air on entering the lamp passes over the edge of the glass
cylinder, and descends down the interior of the main chamber in the
direction of the arrows, one portion passing through the appertures O,
into the central air chamber C, and up the interior of the tube D.
whilst the rest of the air impinges directly upon the exterior of the
wick. By supporting the glass cylinder O, upon a screwed collar, the
aperture for the admittance of air into the lamp may be regulated to
suit the size of flame. In place of screwing the lamp on to the oil
reservoir or base, it may be hinged thereto as in ordinary miners lamps.
Figure 5, represents a partial section and elevation of a third modifi-
cation of my improvements; and Figure 6, is a corresponding horizontal
section of the same. In this lamp a flat wick is used, it is carried by
the wickholder A, and is kept pressel against the toothed wheel B, by
the inherent spring of the wickholder. The main portion of the lamp
is hinged to the base or oil reservoir C, throngh which is passed
the picker D. E, is the smoke consuming chimney herein-before
described; it is retained in its seat F, by a helical spring G, at its
upper end.
The seat of the chimney is secured to the perforated disc H, by a
slot and pin joint, so that the chimney may be removed with facility
when requisite. The glass cylinder I, and wire gauze J, are fitted
loosely into the ring K, to allow for expansion, and this ring turns on
the hinge L. The perforated disc H, is connected with the ring K.
by a bayonet joint, and the glass cylinder and gauze rest upon a pro-
jecting ring on the upper face of the disc H.
Thus it will be seen, on reference to the Drawings, that on opening
the lamp the chimney and glass cylinder will remain fixed in the upper

page_text: portion of the lamp; a spring is also employed for keeping the glass
cylinder in its seat, and prevent it from shaking while being carried.
The air is admitted both at the top and bottom of this lamp, the
upper air holes M, being regulated by the screw cap or ring N. The
air from the bottom of the lamp enters by the lateral openings O, and
passes through the wire gauze ring P, which is soldered to the disc H,
and opens with the upper part of the lamp. The air from the regulated
portion near the top of the lamp passes down the inside of the gauze,
and through the perforations in the disc F, whence it impinges directly
upon the flame.
Should it not be found requisite that a current of air he admitted at
the bottom of the lamp a thin metal ring may be inserted inside the
wire gauze ring P, thereby shutting off the air from that part of the
lamp. The oil is supplied to the reservoir by the dotted opening Q.
the plug of which forms the fastening for the lamp when closed. I
propose to regulate the supply of air to my lamps by a modification of
the regulating ventilator illustrated in Sheet 2, of my Drawings, and
herein-after explained.
I shall now proceed to describe the second portion of my Invention,
which relates to the. consumption of smoke in ordinary fire grates or
stove. Figure 1, on Sheet 2, of my Drawings, represents a front
elevation of my improved smoke consuming grate; Figure 2, is a cor-
responding vertical section of the same; and Figure 3, is a transverse
vertical section taken at right angles to Figure 2. A, is a cast iron plate
inclosing the front of the grate B, which may be of the ordinary con-
struction, with the exception that the top bar C, is made hollow, and a
Lube may be placed inside to admit air, the outer tube C, serving to
admit gas through zigzag holes on the top where asbestos or other com-
bustible material may be heated or burnt.
The tube or bar entirely surrounds the grate.. A short distance above
the fire is fitted the metal chimney D, having a contracted month E,
the aperture of which is adjusted to suit the required draught by the
hinged pieces F, F. This draught is obtained from the tubular bar C,
which is perforated on the side next the fire, and from the rose jet G,

page_text: immediately beneath the bottom of the grate. The air is supplied s
from the upper portion of the room, being conveyed to the hollow bar and
rose jet by the pipes II, and I, which run up the interior of the wall
and open by expanded mouths J, K, into the chamber or room to be
ventilated or heated, admitting only a regular supply of warm moist air
to the fire. These mouths may be situated behind a mirror L, or a
picture; or in place of a mirror or metallic plate may be placed in front
of the chimney wall for the purpose of radiating the heat into the
room. The plate A, in front of the grate is fitted with talc doors M, for
the purpose of feeding the grate with fuel and examining the state of
the fire. The plate N, which is hinged to the adjustable mouth of the
chimney, may be shut down in the position shewn by the dotted lines
in Fig. 2, when the fire is first made up in order to guide the smoke
more effectually up the chimney until the latter has become sufficiently
heated to cause the requisite draught for accomplishing the consumption
of such smoke. In many cases a gas jet placed beneath the mouth
of the chimney will be found very advantageous for heating the sanie
previous to the lighting of the fire. By the arrangement herein-
before described a far more perfect combustion is obtained than in au
ordinary grate, as the air becomes intimately admixed with the buruing
fuel throughout the entire grate, and more particularly with that portion
of the fuel where the smoke and unconsumed gases. are evolved. Fig. 4,
represents an internal view of my improved adjustable ventilator, and
This
Fig. 5, is a corresponding longitudinal section of the same.
ventilator is constructed on analogous principles with my coal screen
secured to me by a former Patent. A, A, are a series of bars connected
to the jointed levers B, B, which are expanded or opener or closed by
means of the spindle C, having a right and left handed screw formed
upon it at each extremity, each screwed end working through a nut on
the side bars D, D, to which the ends of the jointed levers B, B, are
secured. It will thus be seen that by turning the screwed spindle in one
direction or the other the series of bars A, A, will be caused to approach
to or recede from each other, thereby regulating the passage of the air
between them. These bars are fitted over the mouth of the metal

page_text: box E, which may be fitted
up in any suitable locality for ventilating
purposes, or for regulating the inlet or exit of air to or from the fire-
places. I propose putting a ventilator or regulator of this kind to the
mouth of each of the tubes which supply air to the grate, and I propose
adapting this regulator also to the top of the chimney, so that the area
of the top may be equal to the month at the bottom of the chimney.
I
may here observe, that although I prefer the metal chimney or pipe to
ascend where practicable in a straight line to the top of the house, yet
when it is applied to existing chimneys the height may be reduced to
suit the nature of the flues to which it is to be adapted.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of iny
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine
or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have
had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be made
therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features of
my said Invention; but what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general arrangement and construction of miners safety
lamps, as herein-before described.
Second, the application and use of the chimney herein-before described
for effecting the consumption of smoke and increasing the brilliancy of
the light.
Third, the application and use of a parabolic or other shaped reflector
placed inside the lamp for increasing the intensity of the light.
Fourth, the application and use of a glass or other transparent
cylinder situated on one or both sides of the wire gauze for the purpose
of protecting the same from dust or injury.
Fifth, the system or mode of admitting and regulating the supply of
air to the flame, as herein-before described.
Sixth, the arrangement and construction of safety lamps wherein the
upper or hot air chamber of the lamp is divided from the lower portion
or cool air chamber by a metal diaphragm or disc.

page_text: Seventh, the application and use of the chimney or tube herein-
before described placed over a fire for the purpose of consuming
the smoke.
Eighth, the application and use of the regulator or ventilator herein-
before described, whether applied to lamps or ventilating purposes
generally.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Thomas Young Hall, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Ninth day of February, One
thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
THOS Y. HALL. (L.S.)
THOS Y. HALL. (L.S.)