IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE AND OTHER FOUL WATER BY THE USE OF Liquids only, ALSO AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING SEWAGE AND FOUL WATER BY THE USE OF SOLID INGREDIENTS COMBINED WITH LIQUIDS, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN SOFTENING Clarified and Hard WateR
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hanson, of Savile Town, near Dewsbury, in the
County of York, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TREATING SEWAGE AND OTHER FOUL WATER BY THE USE OF Liquids only,
ALSO AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING SEWAGE AND FOUL WATER BY THE
USE OF SOLID INGREDIENTS COMBINED WITH LIQUIDS, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN
SOFTENING Clarified and Hard WateR.”
Sealed the 4th January 1878, and dated the 16th July 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hanson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1877.
JOHN HANSON, of Savile Town, near Dewsbury, in the County of York, Manu-
facturing Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE AND OTHER FOUL WATER
BY THE USE OF LIQUIDS ONLY, ALSO AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING SEWAGE
AND FOUL WATER BY THE USE OF SOLID INGREDIENTS COMBINED WITH LIQUIDS,
AND IMPROVEMENTS IN SOFTENING CLARIFIED AND HARD WATER."
In carrying out the first part of my Invention for treating sewage and other
foul water by liquids only, I propose to use the following solutions, viz.:-Muriate of
tin, nitro muriate of tin, silicate of soda, per acetate of iron, biborate of soda, and
the liquid obtained from the boiling in water of litchen.
No. 1 liquid is composed of muriate of tin, or nitro-muriate of tin, and of about
50 degrees Twaddle.
No. 2 liquid is composed of one part of silicate of soda (commercial strength) and
about 7 parts of water.
No. 3 liquid is composed of one part of biborate of soda (commercial strength)
and about nine parts of water.
For No. 4 liquid; to about 14 pounds of litchen or Iceland moss I add about 50
gallons of water, and boil the moss and water well, after which I strain off the
liquid, and when cold it is ready for use.
For No. 5 liquid; to 1 part of muriate of tin or nitro-muriate of tin I add thereto
about 5 parts of the litchen solution.
No. 6 liquid is composed of 1 part of per acetate of iron, and about 4 parts of
water.

page_text: To purify and make colorless any colored water, either from sewage, dye houses,
tanyards, or other works or places, I use for every million of gallons of such water
about 4 hundredweight of No. 2 liquid, about 2 hundredweight of No. 3 liquid,
about 2 hundredweight of No. 5 liquid, and about 1 hundredweight of No. 6 liquid.
The manner in which I apply the liquids is as follows:-Each liquid is contained
in a separate reservoir or tank, and each tank is supplied with a tap or valve from
which the liquids are allowed to run into the sewage or colored water, each in
quantity being sufficient to take out the color and to precipitate the impurities of
the water.
In carrying out the second part of my Invention for treating sewage and other
foul water by the use of solid ingredients combined with liquids, I propose to use
the following materials in combination with the liquids previously named (vizt.) :-
Carbonates or hydrated oxides of iron (as deposited by the water from coal or other
mines); to 3 parts in weight of this material I add about 1 part in weight of
sulphuric acid from 150 to 170 degrees Twaddle, and this I name my No. 7
mixture.
I also propose to use asbestos, ground or mixed with diluted muriatic acid and
ammonia; this mixture I name No. 8. To 1 million of gallons of sewage or foul
water I use about one half a ton of asbestos mixture with any or all of the liquids
above described, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, or with any or all of the solid in-
gredients herein named or specified under my previous Patents dated July 28, 1875,
No. 2675, and January 20, 1876, No. 225.
To make pure and colorless impure and colored water I use to 1 million of
gallons of such water about 1 ton of No. 7 mixture, a ton of slacked lime,
of a ton of black ash refuse mixture or black ash refuse (as specified under
my said previous Patents), with quantity sufficient, added, of each, all, or any
of the liquids above described numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
The solid ingredients above named are ground or mixed with water, and, with the
liquids named as required, are allowed to run into the impure or colored water, each,
all, or any in quantity being sufficient to clarify, purify, and make colorless the
colored and impure water.
Should the colored water be most difficult to treat, I force by any convenient
means sufficient sulphurous gas into the colored water for the purpose of making
the said colored water colorless.
In carrying out the third part of my Invention for improvements in softening
clarified and hard water, I propose to use carbonate of potassa, silicate of soda, and
nitre cake; these I use either separately or combined in quantities sufficient, as the
special waters require.
The advantages to be attained by using my liquid process will be,―
Firstly. An immense saving of power and labor, as no engine, machinery, or
manual labor is required in the manipulation of the chemicals beyond one man to
regulate the liquid supply of chemicals to the sewage or foul water under treatment,
no matter how large the sewage works may be.
Secondly. By my liquid process the only deposit in the tanks will be little more
than what the foul water contained in suspense previous to its chemical treatment.
Thirdly. A bright, clear, inodorous, free from color, and a neutral effluent is
obtained, and above Government requirements, which will also be suitable for re-use
by manufacturers.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said John Hanson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th January 1878.
JOHN HANSON, of Savile Town, near Dewsbury, in the County of York, Manu-
facturing Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE AND OTHER FOUL WATER
BY THE USE OF Liquids ONLY, ALSO AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING SEWAGE
AND FOUL WATER BY THE USE OF SOLID INGREDIENTS COMBINED WITH LIQUIDS, AND
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOFTENING CLARIFIED AND HARD WATER."
In carrying out the first part of my Invention for treating sewage and other foul
water by liquids only, I propose to use the following solutions, vizt. :-Muriate of tin,
nitro-muriate of tin, silicate of soda, per acetate of iron, biborate of soda, and the
liquid obtained from the boiling in water of litchen.
No. 1 liquid is composed of muriate of tin or nitro-muriate of tin, and of about fifty
degrees Twaddle.
No. 2 liquid is composed of one part of silicate of soda (commercial strength) and
about seven parts of water.
No. 3 liquid is composed of one part of biborate of soda (commercial strength) and
about nine parts of water.
For No. 4 liquid; to about fourteen pounds of litchen or Iceland moss I add about
fifty gallons of water, and boil the moss and water well, after which I strain off the
liquid, and when cold it is ready for use.
For No. 5 liquid; to one part of muriate of tin or nitro-muriate of tin I add thereto
about five parts of the litchen solution.
No. 6 liquid is composed of one part of per acetate of iron and about four parts
of water.
To purify and make colorless any colored water, either from sewage, dye houses,
tanyards, or other works or places, I use for every million of gallons of such water
about four hundredweight of No. 2 liquid, about two hundredweight of No. 3 liquid,
about two hundredweight of No. 5 liquid, and about one hundredweight of No. 6
liquid.
The manner in which I apply the liquids is as follows:- Each liquid is contained
in a separate reservoir or tank, and each tank is supplied with a tap or valve, from
which the liquids are allowed to run into the sewage or colored water, each in quan-
tity being sufficient to take out the color and to precipitate the impurities of
water.
In carrying out the second part of my Invention for treating sewage and other
foul water by the use of solid ingredients combined with liquids, I propose to use the
following materials in combination with the liquids previously named (vizt.), car-
bonates or hydrated oxides of iron (as deposited by the water from coal or other
mines); to three parts in weight of this material I add about one part in weight of
sulphuric acid, from one hundred and fifty to one hundred and seventy degrees
Twaddle, and this I name my No. 7 mixture.
I also propose to use asbestos ground or mixed with diluted muriatic acid and
ammonia; this mixture I name No. 8. To one million of gallons of sewage or foul
water I use about half a ton of asbestos mixture, with any or all of the liquids
above described, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, or with any or all of the solid ingre-
dients herein named or specified under my previous Patents, dated July 28, 1875,
No. 2675, and January 20, 1876, No. 225.
To make pure and colorless impure and colored water, I use to one million of
gallons of such water about one ton of No. 7 mixture, half a ton of slacked lime, one-
eighth of a ton of black ash refuse mixture or black ash refuse (as specified under
my said previous Patents), with quantity sufficient, added, of each, all, or any of the
liquids above described, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
The solid ingredients above named are ground or mixed with water, and with the
liquids named, as required, are allowed to run into the impure or colored water,

page_text: each, all, or any in quantity being sufficient to clarify, purify, and make colorless the
colored and impure water.
Should the colored water be most difficult to treat, I force by any convenient
means sufficient sulphurous gas into the colored water for the purpose of making
the said colored water colorless.
In carrying out the third part of my Invention for improvements in softening
clarified and hard water, I propose to use carbonate of potassa, silicate of soda, and
nitre cake; these I use either separately or combined in quantities sufficient, as the
special waters require. Sometimes I find an advantage in boiling or steaming the
carbonate of potassa with lime, also an advantage in boiling or steaming lime with
silicate of soda. The carbonate of potassa and silicate of soda thus treated with
lime I use for clarifying and purifying sewage and foul water, also for softening
clarified and hard water, and in quantities sufficient for the purposes required.
The advantages to be obtained by using my liquid process will be,-
Firstly. An immense saving of power and labour, as no engine, machinery, or
manual labor is required in the manipulation of the chemicals beyond one man to
regulate the liquid supply of chemicals to the sewage or foul water under treatment,
no matter how large the sewage works may be.
Secondly. By my liquid process the only deposit in the tanks will be little more
than what the foul water contained in suspense previous to its chemical treatment.
Thirdly. A bright, clear, inodorous, free from color, and a neutral effluent is
obtained, and above Government requirements, which will also be suitable for re-
use by manufacturers.
Having now described the nature and objects of my said Invention, together with
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical
effect, I would remark in conclusion that I claim as my Invention,―
First. The improvements in treating sewage and other foul water by applying
thereto the herein-before named chemical liquids only, substantially as described.
Second. The improved method of treating sewage and foul water by the use or
application thereto of the herein-before specified solid ingredients, combined with
liquids, substantially as set forth.
And, Third. The new and particular improvements in softening clarified and hard
water, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof I, the said John Hanson, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
JOHN HANSON. (L.S.)