Year: 1897

page_text: We, REGINALD FEWSON AYRE, and CRAVEN DUNNILL & Co., LIMITED, all of The
Jackfield Encaustic Tile and Ceramic Works, Jackfield, in the County of Salop,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
This invention relates to pottery kilns or ovens of the kind wherein the heated
gases from the furnace do not come into contact with the goods under treatment
but pass through flues or passages formed around the outsides of a chamber in
which the goods are packed.
In such kilns or ovens as heretofore constructed the combustion of the fuel is
frequently very imperfect so that not only is a considerable amount of heat lost
and fuel wasted but large quantities of smoke are produced which vitiate the atmos-
phere contrary to the regulations of local authorities in whose district the kilns
are situated.
The object of this invention is to provide means whereby a more perfect com-
bustion of the fuel takes place thereby obviating the objections before mentioned.
According to our. invention we provide for introducing atmospheric air, prefer-
ably in a heated condition, into the gases of combustion passing through the flues.
In carrying out our invention; we advantageously arrange in conjunction with
each furnace a pair of flues which encircle the chamber of the oven, both of the
said flues being in direct communication with the furnace whilst only one of the
flues is in direct communication with the chimney. The flue which is in direct
communication with the chimney has a much smaller area open to the furnace
than the other or main flue so that a much larger proportion of the furnace gases
will pass through the main flue than through the second flue.
Adjacent to the furnace is a passage which extends from the outside of the kiln
into the second flue and between the furnace and this passage which we herein-
after term the air passage is arranged a number of openings or ports through which
portions of the heated furnace gases may pass into the said air passage.
The two flues are advantageously so constructed that the major part of the gases
from the furnace passes through the main flue up the front of the oven over
the top, down the back and under the bottom to an opening which communicates
with the second flue whilst at the same time the smaller portion of the furnace
gases passes from the furnace below the chamber into the second flue where it
mingles with the gases entering this flue from the main flue and also with the air
entering through the air passage, this mixture of air and gases thence passing
up the back of the oven over the top and down the front to the chimney.
In practice we advantageously arrange a baffle or partition underneath the oven
n the second flue for the purpose of preventing the air entering through the air
passage from mingling with the smaller volume of furnace gases passing directly
nto the second flue until such air has become more or less heated, partly by
dmixture with the gases flowing through the ports between the furnace and the
hir passage and partly by contact with the said baffle or partition.

page_text: This admixture in the second flue of fresh air with the gases passing from the
main flue together with the further addition of heated products of combustion
passing directly from the furnace tends to promote the desired combustion and so
prevent smoke.
According to another arrangement we sometimes arrange a furnace in conjunc-
tion with three flues two of which communicate directly with the furnace. In this
case two air passages are placed above the furnace and at the bottom open into the
same. These air passages near their lower ends also communicate with the atmos-
phero and at their upper ends with the flues so that the air which enters the two
air passages is heated by admixture with some of the gases from the furnace and
by contact with the hot walls of the flues before it enters the said flues. Both of
these flues are in communication under the chamber with the third flue which
extends upwardly behind the chamber over the top and down the front to the
chimney.
We sometimes arrange at the back of the kiln a longitudinal flue the two
ends of which are open to the atmosphere and which is provided with a series of
branches communicating with the several flues so as to admit further supplies of
air, and also at the sides of the furnaces other air passages for admitting
atmospheric air to the furnaces at the sides.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in Pottery Kilns or Ovens.
We, REGINALD FEWSON AYRE, and CRAVEN DUNNILL & Co., LIMITED, all of The
Jackfield Encaustic Tile and Ceramic Works, Jackfield, in the County of Salop,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to pottery kilns or ovens of the kind wherein the heated
gases from the furnace do not come into contact with the goods under treatment
but pass through flues or passages formed around the outsides of a chamber in
which the goods are packed.
In such kilns or ovens as heretofore constructed the combustion of the fuel is
frequently very imperfect so that not only is a considerable amount of heat lost
and fuel wasted but large quantities of smoke are produced which vitiate the atmos-
phere contrary to the regulations of local authorities in whose district the kilus
are situated.
The object of this invention is to provide means whereby a more perfect com-
bustion of the fuel takes place thereby obviating the objections before mentioned.
According to our invention we provide for introducing atmospheric air, prefer-
ably in a heated condition, into the gases of combustion passing through the flues
in the novel manner hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a kiln or oven arranged in accordance with our
invention:
Figure 2 is a section on the line 2-2 Figure 1; and
Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 Figure 2:
Figure 4 is a front elevation illustrating a modified arrangement of kiln :
Figure 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Figure 4; and
:
Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 are sections on the lines 6-6, 7-7, 8-8 and 9–9
respectively of Figure 5.

page_text: . Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.
a is the kiln or oven proper which may be of any suitable shape and dimensions
and which is enclosed in masonry b.
I'M
c is the furnace from which flues extend around the oven in the novel manner
hereinafter described, any number of which furnaces may be arranged in a single
kiln according to the dimensions of the latter and each of which is provided with
its independent set of flues.
In the arrangement of our invention shewn in Figures 1 to 3 each furnace is
provided with a pair of flues d, e which encircle the oven, both of the said flues
being in direct communication with the furnace, as clearly shewn in Figure 3,
whilst the flue e only is in direct communication with the chimney flue whilst
the flue is in communication with the flue c through the opening g beneath the
oven. The flue e has a much smaller area open to the furnace c than the flue d so
that a larger proportion of gases will pass through the latter flue than through the.
flue e.
•
The flues & and e are constructed as follows, that is to say, the flue & extends
from the furnace up the front of the oven (as indicated by the arrow / Figure 2)
over the top and down the back of the oven (as indicated by the dotted arrows 2, 2
Figure 2) under the bottom of the oven and through the opening g into the flue c
(as indicated by the arrow 3) and thence through the said flue up the back of
the oven over the top and down the front into the flue f (as indicated by the
arrows 4, 4, 4). The gases passing from the furnace directly into the flue e (in tho
direction of the arrow 5 Figure 2) mingle with the gases entering the said flue c
through the opening and pass through the flue e in admixture therewith to the
flue f
Adjacent to the furnace c is a passage h which extends from the outside of the
kiln into the flue e and between the furnace and this passage is arranged a number
of openings or ports i, i through which portions of the heated gases froin the furnace
may enter the said air fluc h.
A baffle or partition ; is arranged underneath the oven in the fluo c, this baffle
preventing the air which enters the flue through the passage h from mingling
with the smaller volume of gases passing directly from the furnace into the flue c
until such air has become more or less heated, partly by admixture with the furnaco
gases flowing through the ports i, i and partly by contact with the said baffle or.
partition j.
This admixture in the flue e of fresh air with the gases passing from the flue d
together with the further addition of heated products of combustion passing directly
from the furnace into the said flue c tends to promote the desired combustion
and so prevent smoke.
According to the arrangement shewn in Figures 4 to 9 each furnace c has arranged
in conjunction with it three flues k, l, m the two former of which communicate
directly with the furnace c and underneath the oven with each other through the
opening whilst the third communicates with the flue through the opening o
and receives the gases therefrom and conveys them to the chimney flue f
The openings of the flues k, into the furnace are of unequal area as shewn.
With this arrangement of flues the major part of the furnace gases passes into the
flue
up the front, over the top and down the back and underneath the oven where
it passes through the opening n into the flue 7 through which a smaller quantity
of the furnace gases has passed; the mingled gases from the two flues then pass
through the opening o into the flue m in which they travel up the back of the oven
over the top and down the front through an opening p into the chimney flue f.
Above the furnace are placed air passages or chambers g, which communicate
with the furnace, as shewn in Figures 5 and 6, and which near their lower ends
communicate through openings r, with the atmosphere and at their upper ends
through openings s, s with the flues k, I so that the air which enters the passages 7, 7
is heated by admixture with some of the gases from the furnace and by contact
with some of the hot walls enclosing the flues before it enters the said flues k, 1.
In both of the arrangements herein before described we find it advantageous to

page_text: arrange at the back of the kiln a longitudinal flue t the two ends of which are open
to the atmosphere and which is provided with a series of openings u, u communicat-
ing with the several flues so as to admit further supplies of air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
. 1. A pottery kiln or oven wherein the flues surrounding the oven communicate
with the furnace through throats of unequal area and wherein provision is made
fer introducing atmospheric air, substantially as described with reference to
Figures 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings.
2. A pottery kiln or oven wherein three Hues are arranged in conjunction with
a single furnace, substantially as described with reference to Figures 4 to 9 of the
accompanying drawings.
Dated the 2nd day of hal
1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.