Improvements in Type Writers.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 6th June, 1889-Accepted, 3rd Aug., 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
•Improvements in Type Writers.
We, EDWARD SMITH HIGGINS, Engineer of 6 Thorburn Square, London, in the
County of Surrey, and HENRY CHARLES JENKINS, Engineer, A.R.S.M., of 95 Queens
Crescent, Haverstock Hill, London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention which relates to type writers has for its object to simplify the
construction of such machines and has specially among its features to arrange that
each letter written shall be apportioned a space proportionate to its requirements for
example that apportioned to the letter "i" to be less than that apportioned to the
letter"
" and that to the letter "n" less than that to the letter "m" and so on
wherever a particular character requires it whether such character be a small or capital
letter, figure or punctuation or other mark a smaller or larger space will be given to
it according to its dimensions.
n
""
or
"
"
or
In this specification and claims the word ", case" is used to signify a fount or set
of type characters the words "lower case stationary case "the fount or set
normally acted upon by the key levers and the words "upper case,"
," "shifting case
"movable case
"that fount or set of letters which are normally unacted upon by the
key levers but which may be operated after depressing a key herein termed the
case-changing-key.
"
وو
A machine constructed according to our invention may be provided with a shifting
case and a comparatively small key board by arranging each key to act upon two
type characters, or by doubling the number of keys and arranging each to act on one
type character the shifting "case may be dispensed with.
"
In the accompanying drawings we have represented only sufficient of a double
case" type writer to enable our invention to be clearly understood. Of these
drawings fig. 1 is a front elevation, fig. 2 a plan, fig. 3 an end elevation, fig. 4.another
plan with the paper carriage and its adjuncts removed, fig. 5 is a transverse and
fig. 6 a longitudinal section, fig 7 is a view of a blank from which some of our key
levers are advantageously constructed, figs. 8 and 9 are views of portions of other of
the key levers, fig. 10 is a view of one of some of the levers upon which the key levers
directly act, figs. 11 and 12 are others of the said levers, fig. 13 is a view of a portion
of one of the type levers and fig. 14 a transverse section through a portion of one of
the rails on which the type levers are pivotted, Fig. 15 is a front elevation of a
portion of the same and other adjacent parts.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
A A¹ is the stationary frame in or on which are mounted all the working parts of
the machine. B are the key levers some of which are preferably stamped out of
sheet metal in the form shown in fig. 7 while others are stamped out to the forms partly
shown in figs. 8 and 9 as hereinafter explained. From fig. 7, which by the dotted
lines indicates the parts at which the blank is bent to form the finished lever, it will
be seen that each key lever is provided with two platforms 4 and 65 which are not abreast
of each other and one of which is caused to operate a type character of the upper
66 case "while when such different printing is desired the other platform is caused to
effect the printing of a character of the lower "case." The wings b one of which is
connected to the main part of the lever by a neck 66, are for preventing the particular
intermediate lever C figs. 5 and 10 to 12 which each of the key levers B acts upon, from
moving laterally out of the position it occupies relatively to the said lever B. Upon
the upper edge of each of the key levers B is formed a projection 61, 63, or 63 herein-
after for convenience referred to as the b¹ projection 62 projection and the b³ projection.
The length of the upper edge of 6' as shown clearly by comparing fig. 7 with fig. 8

page_text: is shorter than that of 62 while that of 62 as shown clearly in figs. 8 and 9 is shorter
than that of 3, the number of these different lengths (in this example three)
corresponding to the number of different letter, spacings which the machine shown
on the drawings is adapted automatically to make; this number as also the number
of platforms such as may be varied to suit the conditions which it is intended
each machine shall fulfil. These key levers B to stiffen them are each preferably
embossed with one or more longitudinal corrugations and they are all coaxially
pivotted on one stationary rod B¹ supported in the sides of the frame A the proper
distance between the said lovers being maintained by collars, bosses or equivalent
means. The forward ends of the key levers B turn upwards and to the extremity
of each of the said upturned ends in the ordinary manner is fixed a button or finger
plate B2 on which is depicted a character which corresponds with the letter or
character carried by the type lever operated by each such key lever. At these
forward ends also the key levers are guided in their vertical movement between pins
or wires D (only one of which is shown in fig. 5) which are carried in the bracket
plate D¹ to which are also secured springs D2 the tendency of which is always to
raise the forward and lower the rearward ends of the key levers B. D³ is a felt,
indiarubber or equivalent buffer against which strike the key and other similar
operating levers when they return to their normal positions. The before mentioned
intermediate levers Cupon two of which each key lever B is adapted to operate are
all coaxially mounted on the same rod C¹ which is supported in the more downwardly
projecting arm C² of two bell-crank levers each of which is pivotted at c to one side
of the machine. The other arm C³ of each of these bell-crank levers is connected by
a link to the rear end of one of the two case-changing levers T which are situated
at the sides of the machine and which like the other key levers are pivotted on the
rod B and turn up at their forward ends where they are furnished with finger
plates T.
It will therefore be seen that by depressing one of the levers T by which
is meant the forward end of such lever the rod C¹ together with all the intermediate
levers C pivotted thereon will be moved forward, C5 being a spring which will effect
the return to their normal positions of all the parts so moved when the lever Tis
released by the operator. These levers which are generally of the shape shown in
fig. 10 are formed at their rear ends each preferably with a slot or recess c, these
rear ends to prevent crowding of the parts connected thereto being of various or
alternating lengths as shown more clearly in fig. 5. The forward end of each of the
levers C is formed with a downwardly projecting heel c³, and with an upwardly
extending recess c¹ the former of which is adapted to rest over one of the plat-
forms say the platform 64 to enable the said lever C to be operated by a key
lever and the latter is to allow the said key lever to be depressed without interfering
with the lever of the " case
"then out of use but which lever when such other "case
is being used is over the platform 65; besides the recess c¹ the neck 66 of each lever B
is also shaped so as to give ample clearance between the levers B and C. The
forward and backward sides c³ of each of the heels c² incline upwards in the manner
shown in figs. 10 to 12 so as to enable the said heel to ride up on to one of the plat-
forms 4 6 should the said platforms be elevated before the case changing lever is
operated. Instead of having two platforms 64 and 6 on the key lever B and one
heel ² on the lever C we may have only one projection on B and the levers C of
different lengths or with more than one heel c². Where it is desired to apportion to
the characters of the movable case greater space than to the corresponding characters
of the other case we provide on each of the levers C which operates such a character
a projection or working face c or the length of the upper edge of the latter of
which is greater than that of the former as shown in figs. 11 and 12. To compensate
for the loss or gain of motion derived from the irregularity in the lengths of the rear
ends of the levers C the levers connected to their forward or backward ends are
formed irregular to secure in themselves an inverse result which together with the
movements of the said levers C causes a practically equal amount of motion to be
imparted to all the key and type levers. These type levers E are preferably arranged
in two tiers each consisting of a partly circular gallery as shown in figs. 1, 2 and 5

page_text: and each type lever at its lower end is advantageously formed in the manner shown
most clearly in fig. 13 the length of those of one tier differing from those of the
other tier so that all the types E³ may strike at the same point. In this figure 13,
e is a semicircular recess and e¹ and e² perforations the former as shown in fig. 5 for
receiving the upper end of one of the links F which connect together the levers C
and E and the other for receiving the upper end of one of the springs E¹ the lower
end of which spring is in any convenient manner fastened to the foot of the
standard G¹ secured to the vertical part A¹ of the frame A A' which part A¹ supports
the galleries of type-levers; it is by these springs E¹ that the type levers E are
caused to return to their normal positions when the key levers are released by the
operator. The lower end of each of the type levers E terminates in a heel e³ for the
purpose of securing it against longitudinal deviation at the time of making an imprinting
stroke as hereinafter described. The semi-circular recesses e of the type lovers E fit
over the rail G which besides being curved to the arc of a circle throughout its length
is also partly circular in section. Each of these rails G of which there are two one
for each tier of type levers is formed in part with the standard G¹ which is suitably
secured to the vertical frame A¹. The type levers E are held apart from each other
by the teeth or prongs g of a curved comb-like structure G2 which is screwed or
otherwise secured to the rail standard G¹ in any convenient manner and one of the
said teeth passes between every two type levers. The back or continuous part g¹
of the comb G2 serves as a stop against which the lower or rearward end of each
type lever E strikes when it is caused to make an imprinting action at which time
the heel e projects up at the back of the stop g¹ and secures the said type lever
against moving longitudinally. If desired the rails G may be formed with a series
of V-shaped grooves for receiving the lower ends of the key levers E the edges of
the recesses e of which under this construction would preferably be sharpened to
correspond so as to fit into the grooves and thereby reduce the friction between
these parts. Each of the links F by which the levers C are connected to the type
levers E is formed in two parts which are united by a nut F¹ screwed right and
left handed or otherwise arranged so as to provide for the effective lengths of such
link being adjusted. The type levers may if desired be formed with embossed
corrugations so as to stiffen them and when they are drawn back to their normal
positions by the springs E¹ they strike against an india-rubber or equivalent buffer A²
so as to prevent undue vibration and noise.
H is the paper carriage which in the ordinary manner is capable of being moved
in the direction of its length along, or across from side to side of the machine in
guides A³ in the frame A, J being a barrel containing a spring which through a
chain or the like represented in fig. 6 by a dot and dash line j, always tends to
draw the carriage in the direction indicated by the arrow in figs. 1, 2 and 6. The
power exerted by the last mentioned spring may if necessary be adjusted by winding
it up through the media of the square ended spindle j (to which one of its ends is
connected) and a key after the manner of winding up a clock, the ratchet and
pawl fig. 4 serving to retain the spring against unwinding accidentally. J are
anti-friction rollers over which the carriage H rolls so as to reduce the friction
between the said carriage and the guides A³. The carriage H in the usual manner
carries a paper roller K which may be of the ordinary construction and which is
secured fast upon the shaft K' supported in the standards H' which form part of the
said carriage. Each of these standards H is formed with two projecting lugs or
bearings h and h¹ the former for supporting one end of the rod K² and the latter for
supporting one end of the rod K³ the opposite ends of the rods K² and K³ being
similarly supported in the standard Hat the opposite end of the carriage. The
rod K² is capable of being rotated in the bearings h and is furnished with a wire loop
or frame K which is adapted to press upon the periphery of the roller K by means
of the spring K one end of which is secured in the rod K2 and the other end of
which passes beneath the adjacent projecting bearing has shown in fig. 2. On the
right hand end of the rod K² is secured a lever arm K by pressing down which the wire
frame Kean be moved out of contact with the roller K. The rod. K³ is securely

page_text: fixed in the bearings and into this rod as shown clearly in fig. 5 are secured the
ends of the springs K' the middle portions of which form axles upon which, rollers K³
are free to rotate the springs K7 holding the said rollers K in contact with the
surface of the roller K.
Upon preferably the right hand end of the shaft K' and outside of the standard H¹
at that end are secured a milled head K³ for enabling the roller to be turned
by hand and a ratchet wheel K with the teeth of which engages a pawl K" pivotted
to a bracket K2 which is capable of oscillating on the said shaft K' at the inner
side of the ratchet wheel as shown in fig. 6. The pawl K" is formed in part with a
handle K¹³ by means of which it may be disengaged by hand from the teeth of the
ratchet wheel K10 with which it is usually held in engagement by a spring K
which is secured to the bracket K". This bracket K2 is slotted or recessed to receive
one end of the link L which is pivotted thereto and the other end of which link as
shown in fig. 3 is formed with a slot L³ which receives a screw or pin m³ by which
tho said link is jointed to a lever M. The pin m³ may be inserted in either of two
or more holes me formed in the lever M so as to enable the motion imparted to the
roller K through the pawl K" to be adjusted. This lever M is pivotted at m to
the adjacent standard H³ and at its free or forward end terminates in a handlle m'
and upon its rearward end acts a spring m² which tends always to draw the said
lever into the position in which it is represented in fig. 3. The upper edge of the lever M
is formed with a notch or recess m³ for receiving the projection n, hereinafter referred
to and the said lever is also formed with an angularly shaped slot m¹ for receiving
a projection n. The projections n and n¹ are formed on the upper end of a letter n
pivotted at n³ to the adjacent standard H₁ this lever as shown in fig. 6 being formed
at one end of the swinging escapement rack N at the opposite end of which is
formed an arm nt by which it is pivotted to the adjacent standard H' in a manner
similar to that at which it is pivotted at the first mentioned end. By this arrange-
ment it will be seen that by depressing the forward end of the lover M the rack N
may be moved from the position in which it is shown in full lines to that in which
it is shown in dotted lines in fig. 3 and at the same time the roller K may be moved
round upon its axis. H2 is a handle secured to the carriage H and adapted to be
used in conjunction with the lever M for moving the said carriage by hand.
on
O is a shaft supported at its ends in the frame A and which is capable of being
oscillated by a crank arm O¹ and other means hereinafter described. O is a sleeve
which is securely fastened to the shaft O and on which is formed an arm 0³ the
outer end of which as shown in fig. 4 is notched or toothed to correspond with the
teeth of the rack N. In this sleeve there is secured a "feather
o over which
another sleeve O₁ is capable of being moved longitudinally but which "feather"
prevents the sleeve 04 from being moved on its axis independently of the sleeve 02.
On this sleeve O is also formed an arm 05 the outer end of which like that of the
arm 03 is notched to correspond with the rack N as shown in figs. 4 and 6. This
arm O as shown clearly in fig. 5 is slightly wider than the arm 03³ and regarded
longitudinally the said arms 83 and 0 are seen to overlap each other to a small
extent. The closed end o¹ of the sleeve O fits around and is capable of sliding
the shaft and against the inner face of this end bears one end of a spring of the
opposite end of which bears against the sleeve 02 so as to tend always to move the
sleeve O in the direction indicated by the arrow y in fig. 6 that is to say away
from the sleeve 02. Beyond its closed end o¹ the sleeve 8 is reduced in diameter
so as to form a shoulder or face o³ which like the extreme face of has a distinct
function to perform in the letter spacing operations as hereinafter explained. The
reduced portion of is adapted to enter a recess of of a collar o' secured upon the
shaft O and the effective face of which in fig. 6 is marked 08. The extent of
longitudinal motion of which the sleeve O is capable is limited between the position
in which it is shown in fig. 6 that is, where the arms 03 and 03 abut against each
other and the position in which it is represented in fig. 4 where the faces o³ and o8.
abut against each other the reduced portion of in this last described position being
within the recess oº. This maximum amount of motion corresponds to the greatest

page_text: space which may be given to any one of the printing characters of the machine now
being described but this maximum motion is another machine may be greater or less
than in the example here given.
P1 P2 and P3 are three three-sided frames all pivoted on two studs p one secured
into each side of the frame A as shown in figures 3 and 5. The longitudinal member
of each of the frames (which members are hereinafter referred to as the frames P1 P2
and P³) extend from side to side of the machine that marked P₁ passing over all the
before described projections 61 62 and 63 of the key-levers B and marked P² over all
the projections 6 and 63 but not over the projections band that marked P³ over all
the projections 63 but not over the projections 61 and 62 of the said key levers. At
each end the frame P is formed in one with or secured to an arm p¹ the free end
of which as shown in figure 5 is forked and engages with the pin of the crank arm O'
which as before described is secured rigidly upon the shaft O. p² is a spring one
similar to which is applied to each of the frames P1 P2 and P3 for drawing it down
after the key-levers are released. U is a key-lever which like the other key levers B
is pivotted on the rod B¹ and the rearward end of which terminates in an upturned
projection the upper edge of which like one of the projections 62 extends beneath
the frames P and P2. This key lever is for blank spacing; or instead of the blank
spacing being effected by a projection on the lever U bearing directly against the
underside of the frames P¹ and P² the said lever U may effect such spacing through
a lever such as C which however will not be connected to a type lever but will at its
forward end be provided with a projection or working face extending under those of
the frame P¹ P2, P3 as may be necessary. In some machines we may altogether
omit the projections upon the key levers B and effect the letter spacing by the
operation of one or more frames such as P1 P2 and P3 by projections or working
faces formed on the levers C so as to operate one two or more of such frames.
Instead of having the projections 61 62 63 upon the levers B the arrangement
may be reversed the projections being upon the frames P1 P2 P3 and the levers
plain.
To each of the frames P2 and P3 there is pivotted the lower end of a link p³ the
upper end of one of which is jointed to an arm P4 that of the other link being jointed
to a similar arm P5 as shown more clearly in fig. 4. These arms are adapted to limit
the extent of the spaces given to the printing characters by arresting the movement
of the sleeve 0 as hereinafter explained. The pivot p of the arms P4 P5 is carried
in a small frame P which is mounted on guide rods p³ fig. 4 so that it is capable of
being moved vertically up and down. On the pivot p are also jointed the upper
ends of two curved links p' figs. 4 and 5 the lower ends of these links being pivotted
on a bar p' carried in the rear ends of two spacing key levers på which are united at
their forward ends by a finger board p³.
Q is a bracket which is secured to the base or stationary frame A of the machine
in any convenient manner and extends forward over the paper roller K in the manner
indicated in figs. 2 and 3. The upper extremity of this bracket is forked to receive
the arm Q which is pivotted therein and to the forward end of which is connected
the upper extremity of the spring 9 the lower extremity of which is secured to a
fixed eye q¹ the tendency of this spring being always to raise the rear end of the
arm Q. This rear end has a covering or inking pad q2 of suitable material such as
felt or the like for absorbing a quantity of ink. Q2 is a roller of suitable composition
or material for distributing the ink over the surface of the pad 9 this roller being
pivotted on a preferably wire spindle q³ the ends of which are looped so that they
may be guided vertically on two rods q which are secured to the bracket Q.
Springs or other equivalent means may be employed for increasing the pressure of
the roller Q2 on the inking pad q2. Instead of the before described type inking
device we may use one in which the type is adapted to strike on a roller which
moves out of the way of the type when struck by it at which time the ink is
distributed over the surface of the roller by an ink distributing pad over which the said
roller passes.
R is a plate preferably bent to an angle as shown in figs. 3 and 5, and which is

page_text: secured to the bracket Q in any desired manner. This plate as shown in fig. 6 is
formed with a Y-shaped recess R' into which each of the type levers passes when
caused to make an imprinting action. The inclined-sided mouth of this recess
serves to direct the type levers into the lower or parallel-sided part 1 in which the
type levers are all in the precise horizontal position for printing and which serves
to lock or secure the said levers against lateral displacement when operated for
printing. This parallel-sided part of the recess constitutes the centre from which
aro struck the curves of the galleries on which are pivotted the type levers.
If desired the plate R may be dispensed with and the lateral locking of the type
carrying ends of the type levers E may be effected by causing such ends to pass
between prongs carried by the free end of the inking arm Q as indicated. by dotted
lines in fig. 5, and 6.
S is a rod which is secured against longitudinal motion at one end in a lug or
brackets figs. 1 and 5 formed on the carriage H and at its other end in a holo
formed in the standard H¹ at the left hand side of the machine. S₁ is an arm the
position of which may be adjusted on the rod S and may be secured in any such position
by a binding screws. S is a spring which hold the arm S¹ in the position in which
it is shown in fig. 5 a suitable stop being provided to prevent the outer end of said
arm from moving to a lower position the spring s however allows the free end of the
arm S¹ to be raised but returns it to the position shown in fig. 5 immediately after the
cause for its upraising has been removed.
S2 is the gong which this arm is indirectly caused to sound through the hammer S³
which is best represented in dotted lines in fig. 1. This hammer S³ is carried on
the flexible end s² of a lever S4 which is pivotted at 3 fig. 1 to the frame A and
on the other end of which lever the arm S₁ is adapted to act for operating the said
hammer. S³ is a spring for throwing the hammer against the gong immediately
after the lever is released from the pressure of the .arm S¹. In its return movement
the spring allows the arm S¹ to tilt upwards when passing across the inclined end
of the lever St.
The before described machine may be provided with means for retaining the
movable «
case" continuously in action so as to print for example in capital letters
only for any desired length of time.
Supposing the machine to be in a normal condition that is to say with none of
the keys depressed and otherwise ready for work with the carriage H in its farther-
inost right-hand position and the before mentioned toothed arm 05 engaging with the
rack N of the escapement and abutting against the arm 0³ the operation of the said
machine may be described as follows ;-
The top edge of the sheet of paper which is to be written upon is inserted between
the frame K and the roller K by the said frame, by means of the handle KⓇ being
moved out of contact with the roller. The roller K is then rotated by means of the
milled head K so that the upper edge of the paper is inserted between the rollers K
and K. For the convenience of this description let it now be supposed that it is
desired to print the letter "" or some other such letter which requires to be
apportioned but a small amount of space, the key lever B corresponding to that letter
is depressed in the usual manner and through the platform 64 at the rearward end of
the said lever operates the lever C and through it draws down the "i" type lever.
In its descent the type letter E carried by this lever E strikes upon the inking
pad 2 which thereby inks the type but at the same time recedes from the type by
the arm Q turning on its pivot until it is clear of the printing face of the said type
which then terminates its descent by striking on the paper and thus printing the
letter "." When the "i" key lever is released it is raised by the spring D2 beneath
it and the "i" type lever E is drawn back to its normal position by its spring E¹.
So soon as the type letter E2 clears the inking pad q2 in its upward course the said
pad under the influence of the spring q'moves backwards and causes the roller Q2
to roll over its surface and thus distribute the ink thereon. Now as the letter ""
occupies but a minimum amount of space the key lever B by which it is operated is
provided with a 6' projection only, that is to say one of the projections which are

page_text: adapted to raise the frame P' only and leave the frames P2 and P3 undisturbed. It
is therefore only the frame P¹ which is raised when the "i" key lever is depressed
with the result that through the forked arın p¹, crank o' and rod Ŏ the toothed arm 0
is tilted backwards out of engagement with the rack N, but just before it is quite so
disengaged the toothed arm 03 engages with the said rack and thus for the time locks
it in the position it then occupies. So soon as the teeth of the arm 0³ are clear of
the rack N the said arm under the influence of the spring o² forced in the direction
indicated by the arrow y in figure 6 until its progress is arrested by the face o
abutting against the arm Ps which as also the arm P is then laid across the path
which extends onwards to the collar o'. When the "i" key lever is released and its
rearward end thereby allowed to descend, the frame P¹ under the influence of one of
the before mentioned springs p² is also caused to descend and at the same time the
toothed arm 03 to be disengaged from the rack N but before being quite disengaged
the teeth of the arm 06 are caused to engage with the rack. Immediately after the
arm 03 has been disengaged from the rack N the escapement spring in the barrel J
overpowering the spring o² draws along carriage H until it is stopped by the
arm O which has been drawn along with it striking against the arm 0³, the carriage
and the paper having thus been caused to travel to an extent corresponding to what
may be termed a half letter space.
as n
"
Now supposing the next letter desired to be written is one which necessitates the
apportioning to it of what may be termed a full letter space such a letter for example
the course pursued so far as regards the operator is identically the same as
that already described with regard to the writing of the letter ";" but the key lever B
of this letter " n " instead of being formed with a 6 projection is formed with a
2 projection that is to say a projection adapted to raise both tho frames P' and P2 and
leave the frame P³ undisturbed.
22
The function performed by the raising of the frame P' in all instances being the
same it is now only necessary to describe how the mechanism is caused to make letter.
spaces which shall be greater than those which can be made by the operation of the
frame P. By the operation of say the "n" key lever and the consequent simul-
taneous upraising of the frames PI and P2 by the projection with which it is
provided, the escapement is operated as before but through the link p³ which connects
the frame P with the arm Ps the said arm P³ is raised so that the toothed arm 05
under the influence of the spring 02 flies towards the collar o' and is stopped only
when it abuts against the then-unraised arm P which is at the time interposed
between the face of and collar o' so that the toothed arm has been carried through
one half letter space (the minimum amount) consequent upon the raising of the
frame P and another half letter space consequent upon the withdrawal of the half
letter space thick arm P³ from across the path leading to the collar o'
46
دو
Assuming that the next letter or character it is desired to write be one which
necessitates the apportionment of what for convenience we term a one-and-a-half-
letter-space say for example m the operator depresses the particular key lover
corresponding to that character, which key lever being one of those formed with a
63 projection will cause the three frames P1 P2 and P3 to be simultaneously raised and
thus allow the sleeve 04 under the influence of the spring o² to move towards the
collar o' until its travel in that direction is arrested by the face o³ abutting against
the arm P which with the arm P is then elevated into such a position as to allow
only the reduced portion of of the sleeve 0 to move beneath them, both the said
arms being at the time interposed between the face o³ and the collar o'. By thus
having removed from the path of the sleeve O* the two half-letter-space-thick arms P4
and P the toothed arm 0 moves towards the right of the machine to the extent of a
one-and-a-half-letter-space so that as soon as the particular key lever in operation is
released and the armi 0³ consequently disengaged from and the arm 05 engaged with
the rack the escapement spring in the barrel will draw the carriage H towards the
left of the machine to the said extent.
If a character of the stationary
86
"
case requires say a half-letter-space and the

page_text: "
"
"6
وو
"
corresponding character of the movable " case requires say a whole letter space
then the key lever B of that particular letter is formed with a 6 projection for
opera ing only the frame P¹ and the lever C which is adapted to be operated by the
platform of that key lever is formed with a projection or face c which as shown
clearly in fig. II will raise the frame P2. If a character of the movable " case
requires for example a one-and-a-half-letter-space and the corresponding letter of the
stationary case for example but a half-letter-space then the particular key-lever B
of that character has a projection as before and the corresponding lever C a
projection or working face as shown in fig. 12. The shifting of the case necessary
for making these last mentioned changes is effected by depressing one of the lovers T
so as to move the heels c² of one set of the levers C off the platforms 6 and the
heels of the other set of the said levers C on to the platforms 65 in which latter
position the said levers Care shown in fig. 5. It will be seen that should one of the
key-levers B be depressed before the case has been changed the move forward of the
inclined sides c³ of the heel c² corresponding to the particular key lever so depressed
by riding up on to the platform 65 will still cause the particular letter of the shifting
" case to be printed on the paper. Similarly should any such key lever be depressed
when the case changing key is released the rear inclined side 63 will have a like effect.
When the end of a word is reached and it is desired to make a space between it
and the next to be written the operator will depress the finger board p at the
front of the machine and thus through the rod p' and links p raise the pivot pt
which will have the effect of raising the arms P4 and P clear of the face of of the
sleeve O and thus when a key lever is depressed the face o³ is used in the place of
and in a manner similar to the face of which has been before described to limit the
extent of movement towards the right; the farthermnost position of the sleeve 04 in
that direction being that in which the reduced portion o³ is within the recess o°. So
soon as the key levers B and
are released the escapement, spring as before described
overpowering the spring draws along the carriage until it is stopped by the
arm 0 abutting against the arm 03 and the pivot 2 is lowered to its norinal
position. If spacing without striking a letter is desired the key lever U may be
repeatedly depressed until the required amount of space is obtained.
02
When the paper being written upon has been moved by the carriage H to the
required distance across the machine which will be announced-to the operator by
the sounding of the gong S2 (the position of the signalling arm S₁ having been
previously adjusted on the rod S) the carriage H must be returned to the right hand
side of the machine in order to commence a fresh line of writing. For this
purpose the operator grasps the two handles H2 and m¹ and presses the latter
towards the former and in so doing first releases the projection n from the recess m³
and then by the upper side of the slot m¹ pressing against the projection n¹ tilts over
the rack N into the position indicated in dotted lines in fig. 3 so as to be clear of the
armis 0 and 0³ the slot L¹ being of such length that up to this time no motion has
been imparted to the link L. Upon further pressing the handle m¹ towards the
handle H2 motion is communicated through the link L, pawl K" and ratchet
wheel K10 to the roller K so that the paper is moved through the distance which has
been previously provided for by the particular position which the pin m³ occupies in
the lever M. The operator then with the handle m¹ still pressed down draws the
carriage to the right to the desired position for the commencement of another line of
printing or writing.
The length of the slot L' enables the operator to release the rack N from the
arms 03 and 0 for moving the carriage across the machine without affecting the line
spacing mechanism, and by the provision of the handle K¹³, the pawl K may be
released from the ratchet wheel K10 and by means of the milled head K' the paper
be moved backwards or forwards through and without affecting other parts of the
machine.
The machine may be furnished with guides for suitably conducting the paper to
and from the roller K.

page_text: Certain of the before described improvements in place of being used in a general
combination to form a complete type writer such as is illustrated in the accompanying,
drawings may be applied to type writers of other construction.
An important feature of the before described type writer is that a practically
uninterrupted view of the writing as it is produced is always to be had.
Instead of operating the escapement in the manner hereinbefore described we can
arrange it to be operated so that the arm 0³ is normally engaged with the rack N
as is the arm 05 in the arrangement described and the arm 05 will be normally.
disengaged from but will move along the carriage in the previously, explained
manner.
We are aware that it is not new to operate the escapement of the paper carriage
of a type writer by a frame such as P' worked by the key levers and therefore make
no claim to such part individually.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is ;-
**
"
1. In a type writer a key lever such as B provided with two or more platforms
such as 64 and 6 one for working the printing characters of a stationary case 'and'
the other or others for working the printing characters of the shifting
cases substantially as herein described.
"
"
86
case or
2. In a type writer the combination with a key lever of a projection such as b¹.6
or 63 each according to its size operating its appropriate number of frames such
as P1 P2 or Ps and causing to be apportioned a distinct and particular space to the
character printed by the type operated by such lever substantially as herein described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. In a type writer the combination with a key lever such as B of one or more
intermediate levers such as C substantially as and for the purpose herein .described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4. In a type writer an escapement consisting essentially of a rack secured to the
paper carriage two co-axially-mounted arms such as 03 05 a spring o² and collar o'
substantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
5. In a type writer the combination with an escapement consisting essentially of a
rack secured to the paper carriage and toothed arms spring and collar such as 0³ 0502
and o of arms such as P' and Ps by the operation of which is regulated the space
apportioned to each or between any two letters substantially, as. herein described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
6. In a type writer the combination with an escapement consisting essentially of a
rack secured to the paper carriage and toothed arms spring and collar such as 03 05 02
and o of arms such as P and P which are pivotted on a rod capable of being moved
by a key lever or levers substantially as herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
7. In a type writer an intermediate lever such as C adapted to be operated by a
key lever and provided with a projection or face such as c¹ or c³ for the purpose of
apportioning to the character printed through the medium of such lever C a space
proportionate to its requirements substantially as herein described.
8. In a type writer the combination with a key lever such as B of one or more
intermediate levers such as C carried upon a movable pivot and having an inclined
face such as c substantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
9. In a type writer a lever such as C adapted to be operated by a key lever and
provided with a projection or face for the purpose of blank spacing substantially as
herein described.
"
10. In a type writer having more than one case "the combination with a key
lever such as B of two intermediate levers such as C one provided with a projection
or face such as c¹ or c³ for the purpose of admitting of the apportionment to a
character printed by a type of one case "of a space differing from that apportioned
"
B

page_text: to a character printed by a type of the other "case" both of the said types
being operated by the same key lever substantially as herein described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
11. In a type writer the combination with an intermediate lever such as C having
a projection or face such as c¹ or c³ of one or more frames such as P2 P³ substan-
tially as and for the purpose herein described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
12. In a type writer an inking pad such as g² over the surface of which a roller
such as Qis adapted to distribute ink and which itself is adapted to swing out of the
path of the type from the force of the impact of such type thereon substantially as
herein described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
13. The combination with a self inking roller of fixed guides so arranged as to
keep the roller clear of the path of the type or first in that path and then clear of it
substantially as described.
14. In a type writer locking the type lever by the inking pad.
15. In a type writer an inking pad forked to act as a lock for the type lever
substantially as described.
16. In a type writer a type lever formed with an approximately semicircular recess
such as e for onabling it to be pivotted on a rail of circular or partly circular section
on which it is retained by the type-lever-operating-mechanism on one side and a
spring or its equivalent on the other side of the said rail substantially as herein
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
17. In a type writer the combination with a pivot rail of a type lever bearing only
around a portion of its surface.
18. In a type writer the complete type lever pivot-locking device consisting
essentially of a recess heel rail stop and prongs or teeth such as e e³, G, g¹ and g
substantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
19. The complete type writer substantially as herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 6th day of June 1889.
EDWARD SMITH HIGGINS.
HENRY CHARLES JENKINS.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicants.