Improvements in Machinery therefor.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Nov., 1886
Complete Left, 6th Aug., 1887
Complete Accepted, 6th Dec., 1887
and Improvements in Machinery therefor.
I, JAMES HARRIS JAMES of Grampound Road in the County of Cornwall, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A stage or platform constructed of suitable materials is placed at such a height as
is requisite on to which the Ores to be treated are placed. Tramways or Hoists are
fixed in connection with this platform.
On a second platform immediately adjacent to the first one, a Stone Breaker is
placed at such a height as most suitable to receive the blocks of Ore to be broken-by
the side of this platform a third one is constructed and a second Stone Breaker fixed
thereon at such a height that it shall receive automatically by means of a pass, Spout
or channel the broken pieces of Ore passing from the Stone Breaker on the second
platform.
Adjoining either side of the third platform a fourth one is constructed at such a
height as to allow the Crushing Rolls (hereinafter to be described) affixed thereon to
receive automatically from a pass, Spout or channel the broken Ore as it falls from
the Stone Breaker No. 2.
The broken stone or Ore in passing through these Rolls is reduced to powder and
to such degree of fineness as may be required.
At a lower level than the platform fast described, Jigging Machines (hereinafter
set forth) are fixed and to which the pulverised Ore of Tin or other Mineral from
the Crushing Rolls is carried by means of a stream of water flowing along a pipe or
channel.
The pulverulent Ore or Mineral in passing through the Jigging Machine is
separated and classified-the Tin or other Ore passing into Tanks, pits or Buddles→
the earthy or non-metalliferous particles being carried off by the waste water, to he
collected if necessary for further treatment.
Crushing Rolls may be substituted for the second Stone Breaker and Elevators in
addition to Spouts or Channels.
If necessary I affix between the second Stone Breaker and the Crushing Rolls-a
revolving Screen or Sifter-attached to which is an Elevator of ordinary make-the
Price 8d 1

page_text: Mineral falling from this Stone Breaker (or Crushing Rolls as the case may be)
passes into the revolving Screen-such of the Mineral as is sufficiently reduced in
size falls along the pass or Channel before described into the Crushing Rolls beneath,
whilst such portions as are not sufficiently reduced are carried back by the Elevator
to the Stone Breaker for re-crushing.
In like manner a Screen or Sieve, forming part of the Crushing Rolls, with
Elevator, receives the pulverised material from the Crushing Rolls on the fourth
platform that which passes through the Screen or Sieve being carried on to the
Jigging Machinery, the coarser portions being returned by the Elevator to the Rolls
to be further pulverised.
The Crushing Rolls herein referred to are constructed as follows-the Material
used being generally cast-iron, except where otherwise specified, though I do not
confine myself to any particular metal or other suitable material.
An oblong Bed-frame is used to carry the Rolls, having strong Cheeks, one on
either side of the front half of the same and standing upward-these Cheeks being
so shaped as to form, with the Brasses fitted thercon plummer Blocks to carry the
Axle of the Front Roll. The frame on the back half on each side is thicknessed
outward so as to allow a recess on each side, in which is housed a moveable Carrier
having a plummer Block on the top for the Axle of the second Roller (hereinafter
called the rocking Roller) to run in.-An axle of wrot iron or Steel passes through
the two moveable Carriers near to the lower end of each and likewise passes through
the Bed-frame, to which it is firmly secured by means of Keys and Slots or other
suitable means.
A small Arm or Cheek rises up from the Bed-frame and cast thereto or fixed
thereon in front of each moveable Carrier. Sliding between the Moveable Carrier
and this smaller Arm is a wedge shaped piece of iron or steel or other suitable
material, the small end being downwards and terminating in a screw, which screw
passes through a hole in the Bed-frame and is held in position by Lock Nuts. On
the face of each Wedge Piece is a graduated scale in inches and parts of an inch or
other convenient measurement. By these Wedge Pieces the rocking Roll can be set
at any precise distance from the other Roll without the removal of the Casing and
also they indicate whether one Roll is parallel to the other without further
measurement.
On each side of the Rolls a Bar of iron or steel passes through the Cheek carrying
one Roll and the Carrier of the other and having serewed ends and nuts, on these
Bars India-rubber Washers or Springs are placed to give the necessary pressure
between the Rolls-or Levers and weights may be used in the ordinary manner.
The Rolls may be of cast or wrought iron, steel or other metal and have rough or
turned faces and for which I do not claim any novelty-nor do I for the drum or
pulley fixed on the axles for driving the same but in addition thereto I affix on each
axle a heavy Fly Wheel, which 1 claim as novel when applied to this Machinery.
Beneath the Rolls and bolted to flanges projecting from the inner sides of the Bed-
frame, for the back half-are plates of metal or other material, forming the bottom
of the bed-frame into an inclined pan to receive the pulverised Ore or material-the
bottom of the pan being set at such an angle as to discharge the pulverized material
into a Screen or Sieve fixed within the bed-frame and beneath the Rolls.
An oblong boxed Casing, fixed to the Bed-frame by Screws or Bolts, encloses the
Rolls above the Bed-frame-the Casing being flat on the top and made moveable and
having an opening at or near the centre thereof. In this opening a hinged and
wedge shaped Hopper is fixed, terminating in an elongated lip just over the line of
junction of the Rolls. A sliding division divides this Hopper internally, so as to
regulate the feed to the Rolls whilst they are revolving and to immediately shut off
such feed when the Rolls cease to revolve.
Within the Casing and on each side the Rolls, flat plates are fixed to the Casing
which prevent the escape of the material to be pulverised, adown the sides of the
Rolls.
The Screen aforesaid, into which the pulverised material from the Rolls is passed

page_text: and which Screen forms a part of the said Machine, consists of an oblong Frame, the
two sides and the higher end, nearest the Rolls, being about 6 inches in height or
such other height as may be necessary-the lower end of the Frame is formed of a
flat piece of metal or wood and fixed on its side to or near the bottom edge of the
side pieces.
On a Flange projecting from the bottom edge of this Frame is fixed a second
Frame over which is placed perforated plates or wire Gauze. On each side this
Frame and near to the end beneath the Rolls, a Gudgeon is fixed or an axle may
pass under the Frame from side to side, the Gudgeons or ends of Axle being carried
by Guides fixed or cast on to the inner sides of the Bed-frame and near to the centre
thereof beneath the Frame and at the end furthest from the Rolls an iron shaft is
fixed running transversely to the Frame in Journals carried by Arms extending from
each side of the Bed Frame of the Rolls. This shaft carries one or more Ratchet
Wheels or Tappets on which rests the lower edge of the Screen Frame or a striking
Bar may be fixed across the bottom for the Ratchets or Tappets to strike upon. The
Shaft carrying these Ratchet Wheels is made to revolve in the ordinary manner by
pulleys and belting or gearing wheels, the motion being taken from a pulley on one
of the Crushing Roll Axles. Of the crushed Ore falling on to the Screen from the
Rolls, that part which falls through the Screen is carried on by a channel to the
Jigging Machinery-the coarser particles falling over the end of the Screen are
carried back to the Crushing Rolls by means of an Elevator to be re-crushed.
The Jigging Machines or Jiggers are of the ordinary make, having oblong Troughs,
piston plungers, Screens and other parts but of more compact construction but in
addition thereto I attach an overshot water wheel, with plummer Blocks, penstock
and other necessary appliances complete-to Framing forming a part of the lower
end of each set of Jiggers, the waste water from the same being employed to keep
such water wheel in motion. A pulley fixed on the Axle of the Water Wheel and
a belt passing over the same and over a second pulley on the Jigger Shafting (or
Gearing may be used)—thus enables the Jiggers to be made self acting and to be
driven by their own waste water.-I also affix a pipe, leading from a supply of water
above the Jiggers, to each compartment in the .Jigging Troughs and at a point just
below the plungers.
Spouts, channels or pipes lead from the Screen beneath the Crushing Rolls to the
head of each Jigger and along such Spouts, Channels or pipes a stream of water flows
carrying with it the pulverised Ore and continuously spreads it evenly over the
surface of the Jigging Screens-the rapid rise and fall of the water from the Troughs
below, caused by the action of the plungers and in connection with a vacuum thereby
formed beneath each Screen, on the rise of each plunger, causes all particles heavier
than the loading-to wit-the Tin or other Ore, to pass downwards rapidly through
the Jigger Screen or Sieve, into the water in the Trough beneath-whilst the Loading
instantly following the particles of ore in descent, at each stroke of the plungers and
settling over the surface of the Screens or Sieves, prevents the earthy particles or
other material or mineral of less specific gravity, associated with the Ore; from
passing through the said Screens-which earthy matter or mineral is carried off by
the stream of water flowing over the Screens and from the Jiggers to the Water
Wheel before described.
The particles of Tin or other Ore drawn into the Troughs beneath the Jigger
Screens, are carried off by the outflow stream from the bottom of the Jigger Troughs
through the openings herein before described and from thence to a suitable pit
Tank or other receptacle for collection.
Dated this 5th day of November 1886
JAMES HARRIS-JAMES.

page_text: An Improved Process of Crushing and Dressing Tin and other Ores
and Improvements in Machinery therefor.
I, JAMES HARRIS JAMES of Grampound Road in the County of Cornwall Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for AN IMPROVED PROCESS
OF CRUSHING AND DRESSING TIN AND OTHER ORES AND IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
THEREFOR and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
A Stage or Platform (a) Figs. 1 and 2, constructed of suitable materials is placed
at such a height as is requisite, on which the Ores to be treated are placed. Tramways
or Hoists are fixed in connection with this platform.
On a second platform (b) immediately adjacent to the first one, a Stone
Breaker (c) is placed at such a height as most suitable to receive the blocks of Ore to
be broken by the side of this platform a third one (d) is constructed and a second
Stone Breaker (e) is fixed thereon at such a height that it shall receive automatically
by means of a pass spout or Channel the broken pieces of Ore passing from the Stone
Breaker (c) on the second platform.
Adjoining either side of the third platform (d) a fourth one is constructed at such
a height as to allow the Crushing Rolls (f) (hereinafter to be described) affixed
thereon, to receive automatically from a pass spout or Channel (g) the broken ore as
it falls from the Stone Breaker (e).
The broken Stone or Ore in passing through these Rolls is reduced to powder and
to such degree of fineness as may be required.
At a lower level than the platform (g) last described, Jigging Machines (h)
(hereinafter set forth) are fixed and to which the pulverised Ore of Tin or other
Mineral from the Crushing Rolls (f) is carried by a stream of water flowing along
pipe or Channel (j).
AL
The pulverulent Ore or Mineral in passing through the the Jigging Machine is
separated and classified, the Tin or other Ore passing into Tanks, pits or Buddles-
the earthy or non-metalifferous particles being carried off by the waste water to be
collected if necessary for further treatment.
Crushing Rolls may be substituted for the second Stone Breaker (e) and Elevators
at (k. l. and m) in addition to the Spouts or Channels.
If necessary I affix between the Stone Breakers and the Crushing Rolls, revolving
Screens (n. o.) attached to which is an Elevator of ordinary make (k. l. m) respec-
tively. The Mineral falling from the Stone Breakers or Crushing Rolls, as the case
may be, passes into the Revolving Screens, such of the Mineral as is sufficiently
reduced in size fall along the pass or channel before described into the Rolls beneath
or on to the Jiggers, whilst such portions as are not sufficiently reduced are carried
back by the Elevators to be re-crushed.
In like manner a Screen or Sieve (p) attached to the Crushing Rolls, with
Elevator (m) receives the pulverised material from the Crushing Rolls on the fourth
platform, that which passes through the Screen or Sieve being carried on to the
Jigging Machines (h) the coarser portions being returned by the Elevator (m) to
the Rolls to be further pulverised.
The Crushing Rolls herein referred to are constructed as follows-the material used
being generally cast iron, except where otherwise specified-though I do not confine
myself to any particular metal or suitable material.

page_text: An oblong Bed Frame (7. q. q) is used to carry the Rolls (r. r.) having strong
Cheeks (s. s.) one on either side of the front half of the same and standing upward—
these Cheeks being so shaped as to form with the Brasses fitted thereon-plummer
Blocks to carry the Axle (t) of the front Roll. The Frame on the back half on each
side is thicknessed outward so as to allow a recess on each side, in which is housed a
moveable carrier (u) having a plummer Block on the top for the Axle (v) of the
second Roller (hereinafter called the Rocking Roller) to run in. An Axle of
wrought iron or steel passes through the two moveable carriers near to the lower end
of each (w) and likewise through the Bed Frame to which it is firmly secured.
A small Arm or Cheek (a) rises up from the Bed Frame and cast thereto or fixed
thereon, in front of each moveable Carrier (see Fig. 4). Sliding between the move-
able Arm (u) and this small arm, is a wedge shaped piece of iron, steel or other
suitable material (y) the ends terminating in a Screw, which screw passes through
holes in the Bed Frame (9) and the Arms (a) and is held in position by the Lock
Nuts. On the face of each wedge piece is a graduated scale in inches and parts or
other measurement-By these wedge pieces the rocking Roll can be set at any given
distance from the other Roll without the removal of the Casing-they also indicate
whether one Roll is parallel to the other without further measurement.
On each side of the Rolls a Bar of iron or steel (2) passes through the Cheek
carrying one Roll and the Carrier of the other and has screwed ends and Nuts. On
the Bars-India-rubber Washers or Springs (a¹) are placed to give the necessary
pressure between the Rolls or Levers and weights may be substituted.
The Rolls may be of cast or wrought iron, steel or other material and have rough
or turned faces, for which I do not claim any novelty, nor do I for the drum or
pulley (6) fixed on the Axles for driving the same-but in addition thereto I affix
on each Axle a heavy Fly Wheel (c¹) which I claim as novel when applied to this
Machinery.
Beneath the Rolls and bolted to Flanges projecting from the inner sides of the
Bed Frame for the back half-are plates of metal or other material, forming the
bottom of the Bed Frame into an inclined pan (d) Fig. 2) to receive the pulverised
Ore, the bottom of the pan being set at such an Angle as to discharge the pulverised
Ore into a Screen or Sieve (p) before mentioned.
An oblong boxed Casing (e') fixed to the Bed Frame by Screws or Bolts encloses
the Rolls the Casing being flat on the top and made moveable and having an
opening at or near the centre thereof. In this opening a hinged Hopper (f) Figs. 1
and 2.) is fixed, terminating in an elongated lip just over the line of junction of the
Rolls. A sliding division divides this Hopper internally, so as to regulate the feed
to the Rolls whilst they are revolving and to immediately shut off such feed when the
Rolls cease to revolve.
Within the Casing and on each side of the Rolls, flat plates are fixed (g¹) Fig. 2)
which prevent the escape of the material to be pulverised adown the sides of
the Rolls.
In place of the Crushing Rolls herein described-a Stamps Mill may be substituted,
according to the nature of the Ore or Mineral to be treated.
The Screen aforesaid (p) Figs. 1 and 2.) into which the pulverised material from
the Rolls or Stamps Mill is passed, consists of an oblong Frame, the two sides (h¹ h¹)
and the higher end being of such height as may be necessary. The lower end of the
Frame is formed of a flat piece of metal or wood and fixed on its side, to or near the
bottom edge of the side pieces.
On a Flange projecting from the bottom edge of this Frame is fixed a second
Frame-several Frames may be used one over the other, over which are fixed per-
forated plates or wire gauze.
On each side these Frames and near to the end a gudgeon (¹) is fixed or an axle
may pass under the Frame from side to side-the Gudgeons or ends of Axles being
carried by guides fixed on the side Bars (1) therefor-beneath the Frame and at the
end farthest from the Rolls, an iron Shaft is fixed, running transversely to the Frame,
in Journals carried by Arms extending on each side.

page_text: This Shaft carries one or more ratchet Wheels (j') or Tappets on which rests the
lower edge of the Screen Frame or a Striking Bar may be fixed across the bottom for
the Ratchets or Tappets to strike upon. The Shaft carrying these Ratchet Wheels is
made to revolve in the ordinary manner. Of the crushed Ore falling on to the
Screens, that part which fall through the Screens is carried on by a channel (k¹)
Fig. 2) to the Jigging Machinery (Fig. 3.) the coarser particles falling over the end
of the Screen, are carried back to the Crushing Rolls by means of the Elevator (m)
to be re-crushed.
The Jigging Machines or Jiggers are of the ordinary make having oblong
Troughs (1) piston plungers (m) Screens (¹) and other parts but of more compact
construction, but in addition thereto I attach a overshot Water Wheel (p¹) with
plummer Blocks, penstock and other appliances complete to Framing forming
part of the lower end of each set of Jiggers (see Figs. 3 and 5) the waste water from
the same being employed to keep such Water Wheel in motion. A pulley or
Gearing fixed on the axle of the Water Wheel, and a Belt passing over the same and
over a pulley on the Jigger Shafting (g' and r¹) thus enables the Jiggers to be made
self-acting and to drive by their own waste water.
Spouts, channels or pipes (s¹) lead from the Screen beneath, to the head of each
Jigger, and along such Spouts Channels or pipes a stream of water flows, carrying
with it the pulverised Ore and continuously spreads it over the surface of the Jigging
Screens (n) the rapid rise and fall of the water from the troughs below, caused by
the action of the plungers (ml) and in connection with a vacuum thereby formed
beneath each Screen on the rise of each plunger causes all particles heavier than the
loading to wit-the Tin or other Ore-to pass downwards rapidly through the
Jigger Screens (n' n¹) Figs. 3 and 5.) into the water in the Trough beneath. (¹)
whilst the loading instantly following the particles of Ore in descent at each stroke
of the plungers and settling over the surface of the Screens, prevents the earthy
particles or other material or mineral of less specific gravity, associated with the Ore
from passing through the said Screens, which earthy matter or mineral is carried off
by the stream of water flowing over the Screens and from the Jiggers to the water
wheel before described.
The particles of Tin or other Ore drawn into the Troughs beneath the Jigger
Screens (nn) are carried off by the over-flow stream from the bottoms of the Jigger
Troughs, through the openings (u u¹) Figs. 3 and 5.) and from thence to suitable
pits or Tanks for collection.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st. The arrangement of the various machinery herein set forth for the purposes
herein described to wit-the crushing pulverising and dressing of Tin and other
Ores.
2nd. I claim as novel-the improvements in the Crushing Rolls-in the Bed Frame
therefor and the wedge pieces for setting the Rolls.
3rd. I claim as novel-the Screen and appliances connected therewith for separating
the crushed Ores after leaving the Crushing Rolls.
4th. I claim as novel-the addition of the Fly Wheels to the Crushing Rolls.
5th. I claim as novel-the addition of the Water Wheel to the Jigging Machinery
so as to render the same self-acting.
Dated the 5th day of August 1887.