Improved Apparatus for Beating or Aerating Eggs, Cream, and other Fluid or Semifluid Substances.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 10th June, 1391
Complete Specification Left, 10th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 10th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Beating or Aerating Eggs, Cream, and other
Fluid or Semifluid Substances.
I CHARLES KINGSTON WELCH of Fairmead Philip Lane Tottenham in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to the construction of apparatus for beating or aerating
eggs, creams, batters and other confectionery mixtures in either a fluid or semifluid
state.
The chief objects are to produce a more perfect result, in a less space of time and
in a cleaner and more convenient manner than hitherto.
The apparatus may consist of a cylinder made of metal or other suitable material
perforated (preferably) with three rows of holes, the first row may be round the top
end, the second row may be at or about the middle, the third row may be as near
the bottom edge as possible. The cylinder may be open at the bottom and closed
at the top by a cap or cover provided with a tube or guide in the centre, in which
may freely slide a rod, tube or wire, which may be fixed or attached to a suitable
plunger sliding freely in the aforesaid cylinder (but not necessarily air-tight) and
also made to closely fit the underside of the cap or cover, a suitable knob, button or
handle may be attached to the top end of the sliding rod, tube or wire by a thread
or other detachable device, and a spiral spring or springs may be fitted over the
aforesaid rod, tube or wire between either the cap or cover of the cylinder or the top
of the guide and a shoulder or collar provided on the knob button, handle or rod.
The apparatus is worked by an up and down motion of the hand or hands.
In some cases I may arrange the perforations and parts differently for instance :-
I may cut slots in the cylinder and thus dispense with a row of holes; in all cases
the size and number of the holes must vary according to the thickness of the liquid
or substance to be beaten or aerated.
The major portion of the apparatus may be constructed of sheet tin, zinc or other
suitable material, which may be stamped or spun and either grooved, soldered or
machined together, or it may be cast in any suitable metal and machined, cut or
otherwise formed into the desired shape.
in
In some cases an arm, collar or handle may project from the cap, cover or guide
any convenient manner for the purpose of holding or keeping the machine steady.
The apparatus may be used in either a cup, basin or other suitable vessel according
to the size and purpose for which it may be intended; or I may form a vessel of
special shape which may be used with or combined or attached to the aerator for
the purpose of preventing waste, for example:-In aerating such substances as eggs
mixed with milk in a common basin the action of the aerator tends to drive the
liquid over the edge unless special care be taken. To avoid or reduce this tendency
I may construct vessels with (preferably) a concave bottom the sides of which may
be brought up and turned inwards more or less as found best. Vessels of this
description may be made of any suitable kind of earthenware or of enamelled iron
or they may be of sheet metal or wood.
In constructing an apparatus such as would be used by confectioners and others.
requiring a machine for heating or aerating large quantities, a vessel may be made
as above described but in the form of a pail, tub or barrel in which may be fitted
suitable fastenings for securing the aerator if desired. I may also fit gearing to
machines of this class where more power is required.
In all cases the aeration of the various substances depends on the arrangement of
the perforations combined with the action of the plunger, it is obvious therefore

page_text: that I may vary the details of construction without however departing from my
invention.
Dated this 10ch J 1001
C. KINGSTON WELCH.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Beating or Aerating Eggs, Cream, and other
Fluid or Semifluid Substances.
I CHARLES KINGSTON WELCH of Fairmead Philip Lane Tottenham in the
County of Middlesex Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the construction of apparatus for beating or aerating
eggs, creams, batters and other confectionery mixtures in either a fluid or semifluid
state.
The chief objects are to produce a more perfect result, in a less space of time and
in a cleaner and more convenient manner than hitherto.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings
Fig. 1. is a sectional elevation showing the general construction of the apparatus.
Fig. 2. is an elevation showing a modification of the same combined with a special
form of vessel.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of a large size apparatus for beating or aerating large
quantities, parts of which are shown in section.
Fig. 4 is an elevation of a cylinder showing another method of perforating the
same.
Fig. 5 is an elevation partly in section showing an alternative method of securing
the aerator to the vessel shown in Fig. 3.
Throughout the several views similar parts are marked with like letters of
reference.
In Figures 1. 2 & 3, the apparatus consists of a cylinder a (preferably round)
made of metal or other suitable material perforated (preferably) with three rows of
holes, the first row are round the top end, the second row c, may be at or above
the middle, as shown, the third row d, are as near the bottom edge as possible; the
cylinder 1, is open at the bottom and closed at the top by the cap or cover e, in
the centre of which is fitted or formed the guide. This may be short as shown in
Figs. 3 & 4, or it may be made longer and fitted with the collar or disc 9. for
holding the apparatus firm with the fingers as shown in Fig. !, or the guide may be
made with the button or finger rest y on one side, as shown in Fig. 2, or a handle
or other similar device may be fitted for a like purpose; in the guide freely slides
the rod, tube or wire h, on the lower end of which is fixed or attached the plunger
or piston, made in the form of a plain disc.
Fig. 1, shows the disc or plunger or piston j screwed to the rod, that it may be
readily detached for cleaning; the plunger or piston j is made to slide freely in the
cylinder (but not necessarily airtight) and is also made to closely fit the underside
of the cap or cover e, that any liquid passing the plunger or piston may be forced
out. The knob, button, or handle, is attached to the top end of the sliding rod,
tube or wire h, by a thread or other detachable device. A spiral spring or
springs, is fitted over the aforesaid rod, tube or wire between either the cap or
cover of the cylinder, or the top of the guide and a shoulder or collar provided on
top of the rod or handle. The apparatus is worked by an up and down motion of
the hand or hands. Fig. 1, shows in dotted lines the position of the handle and
plunger or piston at the bottom of the stroke.
In some cases I may arrange the perforations and parts differently, for instance :-
I may cut slots in the cylinder and thus dispense with a row of holes, as shown in
Fic 4

page_text: In all cases the size and number of the holes must vary according to the thickness
of the liquid or substance to be beaten or aerated.
The apparatus may be used in either a cup, basin or other suitable vessel
according to the size and purpose for which it may be intended, or I may form
vessels of special shape which may be used with, or combined or attached to
the aerator for the purpose of preventing waste, for example:-In aerating such
substances as eggs mixed with milk in a common basin the action of the aerator
tends to drive the liquid over the edge unless special care be taken. To avoid
or reduce this tendency I may construct vessels with (preferably) a concave
bottom, the sides of which may be brought up and turned inwards more or less
as shown in Fig. 2. Vessels of this description may be made of any suitable
kind of earthenware, glass, or of enamelled iron, or they may be of sheet metal
or wood.
Fig. 3 shows an apparatus such as would be used by confectioners and others
requiring a machine for beating or aerating large quantities. The vessel m, is
constructed in the form of a pail or tub, (or it may be in any other form) on
the sides of which are fitted two strong handles p p. To secure the aerator in
the vessel a bar r, is made to hook or fasten under the handles p p and also
to slide freely on the guide f, when in the required position, the set screw 8, is
tightened and the whole is kept in position. Fig. 5, shows an alternative
method of securing the aerator in the vessel; on the guide f, a winged nut or
sleeves, is made to screw easily up and down and also to revolve in the hole
formed in the middle of the bar r, a collar is rivited on the lower end to keep
it in place, thus the bar r, can be raised or lowered and the aerator attached
or detached from the vessel at will, similar to that before described, or the
aerator may be secured by any other well known device. The irons n n, are
for placing the feet upon to keep the machine steady while in use. I may fit
gearing to machines of this class where more power is required. The major
portion of the aerators may be constructed of sheet tin, zinc or other suitable
material which may be stamped or spun and either grooved, soldered or machined
together, or parts may be cast in iron or any suitable metal and machined, cut,
or otherwise formed into the desired shape and may be galvanized.
The action of the acrator is as follows:-Having placed the eggs or other
substance to be beaten or aerated in the vessel, the open end of the aerator is
placed in the bottom as shown in Figs. 2 or 3, the plunger or piston is then
worked up and down by the handle at a moderate speed; as the plunger or
piston ascends the liquid is drawn up into the cylinder through the lower
perforations d, until the plunger or piston passes the middle perforations c, when
air is drawn in until the plunger or piston reaches the top; the return down
stroke of the plunger or piston somewhat compresses the air and on passing the
perforations 6, drives the liquid and air together through the lower perforations d
again into the vessel, the same action going on until the substance is sufficiently
aerated, which takes but a few moments, the upper perforations b, serve two
purposes, first, they allow the plunger or piston to work freely, second, any
liquid passing the plunger or piston is forced out through them, on the spring
returning the plunger or piston to the top. The cylinder being open at the
bottom can be withdrawn without much of the liquid clinging thereto, any
substance remaining being easily removed with a spoon, the open bottom is also
a great advantage for cleaning.
I am aware that cylinders, plungers and perforations have been used in various
ways and for the same purpose, but not as I believe in the manner herein
described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. In an apparatus for beating or aerating eggs &c., constructing the cylinders

page_text: with perforated sides substantially as herein described and for the purpose
stated.
2. In an apparatus for beating or aerating eggs &c., the arrangement of the
perforations in the sides of the cylinders in combination with a plunger or piston
working and operating substantially as herein described.
3. Constructing a perforated cylinder with a closed top in combination with an
open bottom, substantially as herein described.
4. An apparatus for beating or aerating eggs &c., consisting of a plunger or
piston working in a cylinder perforated with either two or three rows of holes, in
combination with an open bottom substantially as herein described and shown in the
drawings.
5. In an apparatus for beating or aerating eggs &c., the combination of a plunger
or piston, a perforated cylinder closed at top, open at bottom, and a spring, the
whole arranged and operating substantially as herein described and shown in the
drawings.
6. The construction of vessels having the sides turned inwards at the top in com-
bination with the other apparatus substantially as herein described and shown in the
drawings with reference to Fig. 2.
7. In an apparatus for beating or aerating eggs &c., the form of vessel shown.
in Fig. 3 in combination with the aerator and the methods of attaching or detaching
the one from the other substantially as herein described.
8. The construction of apparatus for securing the aerator to the handles of the
vessel substantially as shown and described with reference to Figures 3 and 5 of the
drawings.
9. The combination and arrangement of parts in the various apparatus for
beating or aerating eggs &c., substantially as herein described and shown in the.
drawings.
Dated this 10th day of March 1892