AN IMPROVED VENTILATING APPARATUS APPLICABLE GENERALLY, BUT PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR THE VENTILATION OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert Macklin, of Tollington Park, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED VENTILATING
APPARATUS APPLICABLE GENERALLY, BUT PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR THE
VENTILATION OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albert Macklin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th June 1874.
I, ALBERT MACKLIN, of Tollington Park, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
VENTILATING APPARATUS APPLICABLE GENERALLY, BUT PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR
THE VENTILATION OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The ordinary ventilators set in the sides of railway carriages present
no obstacle to the current of air produced by the train in motion, and
therefore but little air passes into the carriage.
My improved apparatus may be either substituted for existing venti-
lators or be applied thereto to remedy the above-mentioned defect.

page_text: I propose to fix over the ordinary oblong fixed and sliding perforated
plates of railway carriage ventilators, and so as to project from the outer
side of the carriage, a tube or box having a hinged piece or flap at or
near cach end and open on the side placed against the existing venti-
lator. The hinged pieces will both open inward, and a stop will keep
them when open at some distance from the side of the tube or box.
When the train is in motion the hinged flap facing in the direction in
which the train is travelling will be driven inward by the current of air
thus produced, which entering the tube will press upon the back of the
opposite flap, driving it outward and closing that exit so that the air
cannot escape, but by passing through the open side of the tube and
through the ventilating plates into the carriage.
Upon the train travelling in the opposite direction the action will be
reversed, that is to say, the flap that was opened by the current of air
will be closed, and that which was closed will be opened.
It will be evident that the greater the speed of the train the greater
will be the rush of air into the carriage..
I might use in lieu of the hinged flaps a fixed diaphragm placed at or
near the centre of the tube or box, both ends of which would be thus
left open, but I should thereby decrease the length of the air chamber
unless I lengthened the tube, and I deem the arrangement first described
to be preferable.
I might also place a fixed divergent at the end of the tube and use
two or more tubes, some made to act as ventilators when the carriage is
travelling in one direction, and the others to come into play only when
it is travelling in the opposite direction.
For vehicles always facing in one direction, such as cabs and omni-
buses, one end of the tube may always be closed by a fixed plate. This
applies equally to ships.
As a little rain might be driven into the tube I purpose piercing a few
holes near each end to permit it to run out.
In constructing my improved ventilating apparatus to be used inde-
pendently of existing arrangements, I propose to make the tube or box
of any desirable form and dimensions, to place it at the side, at the top,
or projecting from any convenient part of the outside of the carriage,

page_text: making perforations on the side by which air is to pass into the carriage,
or fitting a perforated plate or plates therein, and providing the tube or
box either with hinged flaps or a fixed divergent to meet and direct the
wind, as above described. A perforated sliding plate may be placed
within the carriage to regulate the draught at pleasure.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Albert Macklin in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th December 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALBERT
MACKLIN, of Tollington Park, in the County of Middlesex, send
grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing.date the Nineteenth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Albert Macklin, Her special
licence, that I, the said Albert Macklin, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Albert Macklin, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
VENTILATING APPARATUS APPLICABLle Generally, buT PARTICULARLY Adapted for
THE VENTILATION OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Albert Macklin, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Gréat Scal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent. ·
•

page_text: i
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Albert Macklin, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The ordinary ventilators set in the sides of railway carriages present
no obstacle to the current of air produced by the train in motion, and
therefore but little air passes into the carriage.
My improved apparatus may be either substituted for existing venti-
lators or be applied thereto to remedy the above-mentioned defect.
I fix over the ordinary oblong fixed and sliding perforated plates of
railway carriage ventilators, and so as to project from the outer side of
the carriage, a tube or box having a hinged piece or flap at or near each
end and open on the side placed against the existing ventilator. The
hinged pieces will both open inward, and a stop will keep them when
open at some distance from the side of the tube or box; or a lever
arrangement may be used connecting the two flaps, so that when one is
nearly or entirely closed the other will be entirely or partially opened to
a corresponding extent.
When the train is in motion the hinged flap facing in the direction in
which the train is travelling will be driven inward by the current of air
thus produced, which entering the tube will press upon the back of the
opposite flap, driving it outward and closing that exit so that the air
cannot escape, but by passing through the open side of the tube and
through the ventilating plates into the carriage.
Upon the train travelling in the opposite direction the action will be
reversed, that is to say, the flap that was opened by the current of air
will be closed, and that which was closed will be opened.
It will be evident that the greater the speed of the train the greater
will be the rush of air into the carriage.
I might use in lieu of the hinged flaps a fixed diaphragm placed at or
near the centre of the tube or box, both ends of which would be thus
left open, but I should thereby decrease the length of the air chamber
unless I lengthened the tube, and I deem the arrangement first described
to be preferable.
As a little rain might be driven into the tube I pierce a few holes
near each end to permit it to run out; or preferably I leave a small

page_text: opening by cutting off a small portion of the bottom of each flap for
escape of rain water, dust, and coal that may enter the tube.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, Figure 1 represents an
exterior view of a portion of a railway carriage with my improved venti-
lating apparatus applied in place of the louvres of the ordinary railway
carriage ventilator.
Figure 2 is an inside view showing the ordinary sliding board for
regulating admission of air.
Figure 3 is also an interior view, but representing my ventilating
apparatus in its entirety, that is to say, with perforated zinc or wire
gauze instead of the ordinary fixed and moveable perforated plates.
Figures 4 represent my complete apparatus detached and drawn to an
enlarged scale in front view sectional plan and in cross section, shewing
the position of the moveable hinged pieces.
Figures 5 represent my improved ventilating apparatus with fixed
division or diaphragm in front view sectional plan and in end view.
Figures 6 represent a modification of the above apparatus as seen in
the front view or elevation and section; and Figures 7, a modification
of flap-closing arrangement, Figures 4.
The blue arrows indicate the direction in which the carriage is
travelling and the red arrows the direction of the current of air.
A, tube or box; a, b, moveable hinged pieces or flaps; c, open side
of tube; d, flange by which the tube is attached to the carriage; e,
part cut out from the moveable hinged pieces and from the fixed
diaphragm to give passage to dirt and rain; f, wire gauze or perforated
zinc; g, g, screws regulating the opening of the pieces a, b, at will
when the wire gauze is used; i, regulator or ordinary sliding plate;
i, fixed diaphragm; j, j, guards to prevent the rain- and dust striking.
the gauze on entering the tube; d (Figure 6), front plate, to which is
secured the cross bar e', having a slot f¹, as shown; g', g¹, studs attached.
to cross bar e¹; h¹, handle or knob sliding in the slot f' and connected
by means of the two rods 2, ', to doors a, b; k, button or fastener
attached to handle h¹, and so arranged as to lock into or over any of the.
studs g', g¹; g, Fig. 7, handle with button. attached, by turning which
the flap a is closed.
-

page_text: my Invention, and that what I claim as secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
Firstly. The use of the hinged pieces or flaps a, b, in combination
with the tube or box A, the whole constructed and arranged substantially
as and for the purpose herein-before set forth.
Secondly. The use in the tube A of the fixed diaphragm or partition &
in combination with the guards j or analogous guards, substantially in
the manner and for the purpose specified.
Thirdly. The use in the tube A of the openings e or similar outlet,
whether in combination with flaps a, b, or with fixed diaphragm i for
the purpose specified.
'
Fourthly. The use of the screws g, handle 73, rods , , or their
equivalent, in combination with the flaps a, b, and tube A, substantially
as and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Macklin, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-
four.
ALRERT MACKLIN