TROUDENS TV ANDAD MIO PAD LIGHTING
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Etienne Jules Lafond, Engineer, and Count Louis
Alfred de Chatauvillard, of Belleville, near Paris, France, for the Inven-
tion of TROUDENS TV ANDAD
MIO PAD LIGHTING
"
Sealed the 31st July 1855, and dated the 9th June 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Etienne Jules Lafond and
Count Louis Alfred de Chatauvillard at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th June 1855.
We, ETIENNE JULES LAFOND, Engineer, and Count LOUIS ALFRED DE
CHATAUVILLARD, of Belleville, near Paris, France, .do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING'
to be as follows, that is to say:
Our Invention relates, first, to improved burners or apparatus by which the.
vapour produced from any inflammable liquid is self-generated.
Second, to improved arrangements for purifying gas or other inflammable
matter.
Third, to the peculiar construction of burners by which the air is admitted
to the vapour or gas, in order to ensure perfect combustion.
The apparatus consists of a reservoir containing. the inflammable matter,
and which is conveyed to the burner by means of a pipe placed in such a
position that the gravity of the liquid causes it to remain always-at the same

page_text: level in the burner. This pipe is provided with a stop-cock for the purpose of
regulating the liquid or gas. The burner consists of a tube attached to the
stop-cock, and having a reservoir at the bottom in which the liquid or gas is
prepared previous to combustion. Upon the top of this tube is screwed a small
capsule or cap piece, having one or more holes made in it, through which the
liquid ascends. This capsule being heated converts the liquid into vapour,
which escapes into à cone piece fitted on the top of the tube, and is perforated
with several small holes where the vapour is ignited, & by this means heats the
capsule or generator, thus providing a constant supply of inflammable vapour.
To this metal cone is attached another, which allows the air to mix with
the vapour during its combustion, and also serves as a support to the glass
or chimney.
Another modification of my improved burners consists in the substitution of
a small tube instead of the cone piece before mentioned, in which tube holes for
the escape of the gas or vapor are made, forming a larger heating surface, air
being admitted in the manner already described:
Another arrangement for admitting air to the burner consists of a central
tube having several small tubes attached forming so many branches, the whole
of which are secured. to the interior of the reservoir or chamber before men-
tioned, and through which tubes the air is conveyed to the burner. The appa-
ratus for purifying the vapour or gas consists of a suitable reservoir containing
a solution of quick lime, whiting, and tartaric acid, or other suitable purifying
materials, by which the vapor or gas is completely purified previous to
combustion.
Statio
Lastly, another arrangement, consists of a. lamp. for lighthouses or other
purposes, having a suitable reservoir, upon the top of which is placed a tube
containing a roll of cotton or other absorbent material, which conveys the liquid
by capillary attraction to the cap piece screwed to the-tube,.& which is per-
forated with several holes, & which capsule when heated causes the vapour to
pass through the holes, where it may be ignited.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent,bearing date the Ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand. eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant. unto us, the
said Etienne. Jules Lafond and Count Lonis: Alfred de Chatauvillard, Her.
special license that we, the said Etienne Jules Lafond and Count Louis Alfred
de Chatauvillard, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others'
as we, the said Etienne Jules Lafonde and. Count Louis Alfred de Chatau-i
villard, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed; should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man an 'Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
LIGHTING," upon the condition. (amongst others) that we, the said Etienne'
Jules Lafond and Count Louis Alfred de Chatauvillard, or one of us; by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal
of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and causo).
the same: to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months, next and immediately after the date of the said Letters: Patent::
NOW KNOW YE; that we, the said Etienne Jules Lafond and Count Louis!
Alfred de Chatauvillard, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described.
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked: thereon,.
that is to say:
.: Our Invention consists, first, in improved apparatus by which the gas or
vapour produced from any inflammable liquid is self-generated.
Secondly, in improved arrangements or means for purifying the said vapour
or other inflammable matter.
Thirdly, in the peculiar construction of burners or apparatus by which the
air is admitted to the vapour or gas, in order to insure perfect combustion..
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS AND, APPARATUS;
Reference.being had to the annexed Drawing, in which Figure 1.shews. a par-
tial section of the apparatus. A; reservoir for the liquid; B, valve to regulate:
the flows of the liquid; Cfcurved pipe, to convey the liquid to the burner D,
stop-cock E,metallic capsule or heater producing, the vapours which feed the
burner I, I N, reservoir for preparing the liquid for combustion. The vapour.

page_text: ascends through the orifice G and into the case H of the burner, carrying with
it the air which introduces itself by the tubes J, J, and when mixed with the
inflammable vapour descends to the orifices K, K, where it is ignited. The
burner I, I, and the case H, are in two parts, which are screwed or otherwise
fixed together. It is by the capsule that the vapour is produced. H, cone
supporting the burner I, I, in which the vapours and the air are mixed
together; J, J, air pipes communicating to the cone H, where the vapour is
ignited; M, M, glass bearer or chimney on which the burner rests. It is
pierced with holes at the bottom to admit the air, which ascends through the
tubes J to the interior of the cone H. The air necessary for the combustion
and the flame is regulated by raising or lowering this conc, and glass bearer
M, M. P, capsule to withdraw the liquids contained in the reservoir N, N.
J, Figure 2, section of the head of the capsule shewing the orifices of the
burner.
Figure 3 elevation, and Figure 4 section, of a modification of the apparatus:
A; A, burner fitting on the capsule of a lamp similar to that of Figure 1,
and which differs only in the arrangement for the light; B, tube serving to
conduct the gases and the air ascending to the head of the burner, which
afterwards escape by the orifices C, C, where they ignite, to give the light and-
heat the capsule F; C, C, orifices for the escape of the gases; D, D, reservoir
of air and gas serving to feed the light; J, J, orifices serving to introduce air
into the burner. The capsule F', the reservoir N, N, the cock D, and the
capsule Pare the same as those before described.
Figure 5, capsules screwed on the lamp, pierced with a small conical hole,
from which the vapours escape to communicate to the burner.
Figure 5, plan of the tubes.
Figure 6, horizontal section and elevation of the conducting tube of the
burner.
Figure 7, section of a lamp provided with all the pieces already described,
except the burner and the air conduit.
A, passage shewing the liquids coming from a reservoir to the cock D, and
afterwards coming into the reservoir c, c; D, D, capsule in which are produced
the vapours escaping by the two orifices E, E, and afterwards ascending into the
cone F; G, G, tubes with two, four, or six branches crossing the interior of
the reservoir and of the focus, and ending into the cone F of the burner. The
branches of this tube are affixed to the reservoir in order that the liquids which
are therein contained may not escape, and as the orifices are on the outside the
air aspired by the jet of vapour introduces itself in the cone F of the burner,
and consequently mixes itself with the vapour, which escapes from the two

page_text: orifices E, E, afterwards ascends into the reservoir H, H, H, and comes and
ignites at the orifices I, I, I.
Figure 8. This Figure shews the application of our system to the lamps
used in the lighthouses burning oils. We suppress all the pieces of these
lamps except the reservoir A, and we substitute for them a copper tube; pro-
vided at the orifice with a screw stopper D, fixed to the outer orifice, and
pierced in F, F, with six, eight, or ten small holes. This tube is inside pro-
vided with a cotton wick, one end of which dips into the liquid reservoir A, and
the other end of it is carried to the burner E near the stopper D.
We employ the metallic capsule before described, or we apply a hot iron to
the stopper D, to cause at first the liquid contained in the focus E to decom-
pose in vapour, which ignites of itself, and soon produces light. This liquid
is constantly attracted towards the focus E by the capillary action of the
cotton roll.
Figure 8 shews an enlarged view of the wick and burner.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PURIFYING BURNER.
Figures 9 and 10, screw tube for the passage of the gas into cone B, B,
inside of the purifying burner; C, C, hemispherical cap piece fixed on the
cone B, B, and closed at bottom by a plate c¹, c'; pierced with small holes; D,
reservoir filled three-fourths full of a solution of quick lime, whiting, and
tartaric acid, or their equivalents, mixed together. The gaseous vapours ascend
through the canal B, B, into the pan C, C, where it spreads itself, and passes
through the plate c', c', afterwards plunges below into solution in D, and thence
passes between the burner and the pan c, c. This space forms a second reservoir,
furnished with a sponge steeped in aforesaid solution. Before the vapour arrives
at the orifice where it is lighted, it meets with another channel, where it
descends half way, and afterwards ascends to the orifices, where it is lighted by
the means already described. From these effects, shewn by the red arrows, it'
follows that the gas, instead of being lighted on leaving the apparatus, as is
now generally done, is previously completely purified, and disengaged from its
carbon, and arrives at the burner where it is to ignite without precipitation, in
consequence of the resistance which it meets within its passage, and feeds the
burner by being forced by the air and the flame. This burner is in two parts,
divided in the middle of the ball, which allows all the pieces which constitute it
to be introduced into the inside A, Figure 10, glass bearer.
Figure 11, section of the part A, B, placed in the inside of the burner near
the orifice of the burner, Figure 1. It is on the outside of this section that
the gas circulates on leaving the reservoir furnished with a sponge, and

page_text: afterwards ascends into the pan, C; C, and afterwards, redescends into the
passage D, D. c, c, Figure 12, hemispherical cap piece placed in the inside
of the burner receiving the gas from B, B
DESCRIPTION OF ANOTHER BURNER INTENDED. TO PURIFY THE GAS, AS THE.
PRECEEDING, BUT BY. MEANS OF THE AIR WHICH..IS; MIXED WITH IT ON ITS
PASSAGE.
Figure.13 A, screw thread; B, B, burners, hollow.inside, closed byja piece
c', with small holes, giving passage to the atmospheric air; c, tube fixed to the
bottom and to A, and which gives passage to the gas, which ascends as far as
the orifice of the burner in the reserved space c; whence it follows that the air
is obliged to mix with the vapour. which escapes from the tube, c, tending:
always to redescend into the empty space of the burner filled with air, with
which it comes in contact, and by the effect of the glass forces the gas to mix
with the air before it reaches the flame; it follows that all the carbonin
detaching itself from the gas, arrives calcined into the empty space of the
burner; and falls on the outside in passing through the orifices made in
the bottom
Figure 14, elevation of the burner furnished; with its glass bearer D, D.
Figure 15-shew's a gas burner to be fixed to a post, wall; &c. A, cistern
containing the liquid producing the gas; B, screw stopper. through which the:
liquid, is introduced in the cistern; C; cock regulating the flow of liquid; to
the burner; 'D, purge cock for emptying the liquid contained in the burner;
E, E, E, centre burner similar to the one described, Figure .1; F, F, F, F,
burners for fitting in-flat candlesticks. They are the same as those described
in Figure 8; The gaseous liquid ascends to these tubes by means of a capillary:
cotton-wick passing through tube A. The extremity of this wick is immersed.
in the cisterns.c, c, c, c, which suffices to make them ascends to the orifice-of
the, burner E, which is ignited by means of a ring dipped in the same liquid.
Figure 16 shews the adaptation of our. system to the 'lighting. of roads, &c..
We suppress only the ordinary burner, and replace it by one made according to.
our Invention. To effect this I adapt two cisterns; which I place inside the lamp.
posts. These reservoirs are provided with centered tubes conducting the liquid.
in the reservoir of the burner already described, and placed in the middle of
the lamp.. It will be requisite to open or shut the cock B, to make the liquid
ascend to the burner: A, A, A, A, cisterns, or reservoirs for receiving the liquid;
they are provided with bent tubes 'connected to the cock: B.; these reservoirs
are fixed, in the lamp.e: To introduce the liquid we have only to remove the
cups placed outside thellamp post. C, capsule fitted with screw, and serving to

page_text: withdraw, when required, the liquid from the reservoir; D, post for supporting
the lanip, which is fixed to it by means of an iron rod provided with a bolt E.
This post is provided with two fastenings F, F, for fixing it to a wall or any
other support
Figure 17, ornamental' burners for coffee and dining rooms. A; A, reservoir
for containing the liquid; B, B, capsules screwing on the reservoir and serving.
to introduce the liquid; C, C, cocks adhering to the reservoir A, A, and to the
gas pipes. To introduce the liquid, through the cocks D, D, it will be suffi-
cientito open the cocks C, C, which allow the liquid contained in the reservoirs
A, A, to descend by the tubes E, E, to the cocks of the burners D, D; F, E;
cocks used for letting off the liquid contained in the pipes E, E, and the
lighted burner.
Figure 18: A, A, vase serving as a reservoir for the liquid. This reservoir
is fixed to the transversal. bar of the street lamps by means of a collar which
encircles it, and is secured by.screws.B; C; C, tube conducting the liquid from
the reservoir A 'to the reservoir of the street lamp; "D, cock. placed on the
middle of the tube C, C, serving to regulate the flow of liquid; "E, E, flange
with screw, serving to fix the pipe.C, C, to the reservoir A, A
Figure 19: A, A, ornamental reservoir. The liquid is admitted to it through
the screw capsule B, B; the liquid ingresses through two pipes C, C; descending
first in apparatus, and ascends.to the burner through cock D, which also serves
to cut off the liquid from the burner when requisite.
Figure 20 shows a chandelier supplied with our improved burner, as shewn
in Figure 8. A, A, shows the reservoirs for feeding the burners: "The liquid,
passing through the pipes B, B, also passes through. the. cocks.C,.C, and re-
ascends into the reservoirs. The liquid is admitted to the reservoirs A, A, by
capsules screwing on the reservoirs, as shewn.at E, E Each reservoir is pro-
vided with a cock D, D, serving to give egress to.the liquid.
Figure 21 shows a street lamp fitted with our improved burner, the vase
forming reservoir being placed at the top of the post, the liquid being con-
ducted to the burner through a pipe, with a cock for regulating the flow of
liquid.
".
***Figure 22, section of an apparatus for heating the burners, and produces the
first gases which give the light, and which once lighted generates its own gas.
A,.metallic recipient with a screw lid, through which the liquid is introduced;
B, small pipe, from which the gases escape; C, valve placed above the capsule,
serving as stopper; D, lamp, with its, cotton wick; F, F, metallic standard
supporting the bottle A and the lamp D. To generate gas in the bottle A, I
light-the-lamp-D placed under the bottle. The spirit-being-heated to the

page_text: boiling point, emits gas, which, escaping through pipe B, is ignited by a lamp,
and produces a flame of about six inches in length, which escapes from the
wick E, E. The orifice of the tube from which the light is emitted is about
the one hundredth part of an inch in diameter. F, metallic socket, serving
to maintain heat round the burner previous to being ignited; G, handle of the
socket.
Figure 23, apparatus shown in elevation or front view; Figure 24, hori-
zontal section of the same. To apply our system to the lanp carcel, moderator,
&c.,. we fit them up with our gas burner, and fix it in the reservoir of the lamp,
as described in Figures 5 and 6.
Figure 25 A, reservoir of moderator or carcel lamp. A, closed tube for
heating the gas; B, perforated capsule, allowing egress to the gas. This
capsule is provided with a generator, and fits in a slide or tube A. It is fixed
to the lamp by a frame, provided with screws C, C, which fit on a washer
adhering to the capsule; D, D, chimney support.
..Figure 26, section of tube. E, double capsule fitting on the generator of
the capsule B, serving as extinguisher.
Figure 27, section of the internal pipe of the lamp, provided with framework
for screwing on to the receiver of the lamp O, O.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that
we do not confine ourselves to the precise details herein laid down; but
what we claim is,―
First, the general arrangement and construction of apparatus for lighting,
as herein-before described, and referred to in the annexed Drawings.
Second, the method of constructing burners of lamps for self-generating
vapour or gas, and in admitting the air as herein-before described, and shewn
in the Drawings..
Third, the mode or method of constructing apparatus for purifying the said
vapour, or gas, as herein-before described, and represented in the accompanying
Drawings.
.
In witness whereof, I, the said Etienne Jules Lafond, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
JULLE ETIENE LAFOND.
L.S.)