IMPROVE MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING THE CARDS OF CARDING ENGINES, AND IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING THE SAME
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Nuttall, of No. 34, South Lane, Rochdale,
in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING THE CARDS OF CARDING ENGINES, AND IN
MACHINERY FOR MAKING THE SAME."
Sealed the 19th November 1861, and dated the 23rd May 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Nuttall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
May 1861.
I, CHARLES NUTTALL, of No. 84, South Lane, Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING THE CARDS OF CARDING ENGINES, AND
IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in making the endless screw for traversing the
strickle or roller used for grinding cards for carding cotton and other fibrous
substances with the screw coarser pitched in the centre than at the ends,
which will cause the grinders to grind the cards more equal. Secondly, cutting
this screw or an endless screw not made coarser pitched in the centre than at
the ends by means of a rotatory cutter.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Nuttall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
November 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
NUTTALL, of No. 34, South Lane, Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Nuttall, Her special license that I, the said Charles Nuttall, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Nuttall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING THE CARDS OF CARDING ENGINES, AND IN
MACHINERY FOR MAKING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Charles Nuttall, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Nuttall, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
The nature of my Invention consists, first, in making the endless screw for
traversing the strickles or roller used for grinding cards for carding cotton
and other fibrous substances with the screw coarser pitched in the centre than
at the ends. Secondly, in cutting this screw or an endless screw not made
coarser pitched in the centre than at the ends by means of a rotatory
cutter.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and carried
into effect, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Drawing.
Fig. 1 represents a self-acting strickle for grinding the cards of the cylinders

page_text: and doffers of carding engines, to which my improved endless screw is applied.
a, a, is an endless screw which is made to revolve by means of a strap (driven
from any convenient place), which drives the pulley b, which is fast to the
endless screw a, a; c is a nut which extends from to c, and fits the the
screw a, a, so as to slide easily along it from end to end. Inside this nut is a
projection which enters into the thread of the screw, by means of which the nut
is traversed backwards and forwards along the endless screw a, a.
d is a
strickle (covered with emery in the usual manner) which grinds the cylinder
cards. It is fastened to the nut c by means of the fixing d. eis the strickle
that grinds the doffer cards; it is fastened to the nut c by means of the
fixing e, so that when the nut c traverses it takes the strickles d'ande along
with it.
The parts above enumerated may be made in any approved manner, this
part of my Invention having reference only to making the endless screw a, a,
coarser pitched in the centre than at the ends. The screw is made a regular
pitch from a¹ to a³, but from a to a³, and from a³ to a', it gets gradually finer,
so that the strickles do not traverse so fast at the ends as they do between a'
and a²; by this means the cards will be ground more equal than they would
be if the strickles traversed at one regular speed.
Fig. 2 represents a front elevation of the machine to which my improve-
ments are applied, in which the threads of these endless screws are cut, and
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the same. a, a, is the bed on which the machine is
fastened; 6 is the frame of the machine, in which are fastened the steps b¹
and 6, in which revolves the shaft c, on which is fastened the cutter d. On
the shaft c is fastened the wheel c', which is driven by the wheel e², which is
fast to the shaft é, which is driven by the pulley e. f is a slide which slides on
the framing 6 and between the V's, 63 and 6*; to this slide is bolted a swivel f',
which supports the shaft g, in which the thread of the screw has to be cut.
To the slide fis fastened the nut h2, (shewn in dotted lines) in Fig. 3); through
this nut works the screw h, which is kept from moving in or out by the
prong h, which is secured fast to the frame 6; on the end of this
screw is a small pulley h³, by means of which the screw may be turned
backwards and forwards, which will bring the shaft nearer to or take it further
from the cutter d. The way the screw is cut is as follows:-The shaft 9 in
which the screw is to be cut is fixed in the swivel f¹, but it is not made so
tight but that it can be easily made to revolve by hand. The swivel is then
set so that the shaft will be level; the nut on the bolt f³ is then screwed up
so that the swivel f¹ will not swivel; the shaft is then set so that the part
represented by a³ in Fig. 1 will be opposite the cutter d. The pulley i (which

page_text: has small holes for the end of a bar to enter) is then fastened on the shaft 9;
the small pulley his then turned so as to bring the shaft g against the cutter d
which revolves in the direction represented by the arrow. To keep the shaft g
from revolving, the man that is attending to the machine has a small bar, one
end of which he puts in one of the holes of the pulley i, and the other he holds
in his hand. When the cutter has cut a deep enough groove into the shaft,
he presses down at the bar, which causes the cutter to cut at the bottom.end
of the groove it has made in the shaft, and as the cutter is set at an angle to
the shaft g, as the shaft g is turned round, the cutter fitting into the groove it
has made causes the shaft to screw out, and by that means it cuts à spiral
thread on the shaft. When the thread has been cut as far as a¹ (see Fig. 1),
the lever k (which is mounted on the stud k¹) is brought to such a position as
that the shaft g shall rest on it, as shown in black in Fig. 2. The set hoop j
is then fastened on the shaft g to keep the lever k in its proper position. The
nut on the bolt f is then loosened, so that the swivel f¹ will swivel on the
bolt f; the shaft g is then turned round again by means of the bar, as before,
and by the time the cutter has cut as far as from a¹ to a³ (see Fig. 1), the
lever k and shaft g will be in the position shown by the blue lines. By this
means the screw will be cut gradually finer than a¹ to a³, because the nearer
parallel the axis of the cutter shaft c and the axis of the shaft g are, and the
finer pitched will be the thread cut on the shaft). When the cutter has cut
as far as a³, the shaft g is turned over in the slide, and the cutter is set into
the groove at a³, where it first began to cut. The lever k is then brought up
to the position shown in black in Fig. 2 again, and the set hoop j fastened as
before. The shaft 9 is then turned round by the bar, as before, and by the
time the cutter has got as far as a' (see Fig. 1), the lever k and shaft g will
be in the position shewn by the blue lines again. As now described, the thread
will have been cut in one direction or the right-hand thread, and to cut the
return or left-hand thread the machine is turned round on the bed, so that the
driving pulley e will be on the right hand instead of on the left, as shown in
Fig. 2. The prong h¹ is unscrewed from the frame, and the slide f is drawn
out and put in on the other side of the frame, and the prong h¹ is screwed on
the other side of the frame b. The cutter is turned round on the shaft; the
shaft g is then put into the swivel, and the swivel is set and made fast, so that
the shaft will be level, as at first; the part of the screw marked a¹ (see Fig. 1)
is then brought opposite the cutter, and the shaft is then cut from a¹ to a²;
(the shaft will now screw out from the cutter towards the left hand instead of
towards the right, as before); the lever k is then mounted on the stud k³, and
set in a vertical position, so as to support the shaft g, and the set hoop j is

page_text: fastened on the shaft, so as to keep the lever k in its proper position, and the
nut that fastens the bolt f* is then loosened, the thread is then cut from a² to a*
(see Fig. 1), so as to meet the other thread. (By the time the cutter has got
to a', the shaft g and lever k will be inclined as shewn in blue in Fig. 2, only
instead of inclining towards the right they will incline towards the left hand.)
The shaft g is then turned over and the other end of the left hand thread at a'
(see Fig. 1) is brought against the cutter, and the lever k brought up to a
vertical position again, so as to support the shaft g; the thread is then cut in
the shaft from a to a³, so as to meet the other thread, when the screw will be
finished.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to
the details herein set forth, as many variations may be made; but I claim as
of my Invention,―
First, making the endless screw that traverses the strickle or roller used for
grinding cards for carding cotton and other fibrous substances with the screw
coarser pitched in the centre than at the ends.
Secondly, cutting this screw or an endless screw not made coarser pitched
in the centre than at the ends by means of a rotatory cutter.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Nuttall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
ELLIS BUTTERWORTH,
Rochdale.
CHARLES NUTTALL. (L.B.)