Improvements in Apparatus for Producing. Storing, and Applying Electricity, especially applicable to the Lighting and Heating of Railway Carriages and other Vehicles.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Mar. 1896
Complete Specification Left, 21st Dec.. 1896-Accepted, 20th Mar., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Producing. Storing, and Applying
Electricity, especially applicable to the Lighting and Heating
of Railway Carriages and other Vehicles.
We EDWIN JAMES PRESTON of the Firm of J. Stone & Co. of Deptford in the
County of Kent Engineers, and ARTHUR BERNARD GILL of The Shrubbery,
Grove Park in the County of Kent in the employ of the said firm, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
One part of this invention refers to the driving of a dynamo by a strap running
in about a horizontal direction from a shaft such for instance as a railway carriage
axle, and where the strap is made to slip when the speed of the said axle exceeds a
predetermined maximum. For this purpose we suspend the dynamo from the
underframe of the carriage by means of a link which can be swung or otherwise
moved towards or away from the driving pulley on the axle and adjustably fixed
in the proper position to give the strap the desired tension. The link instead of
being directly connected to the underframe may be jointed to a block which
is capable of adjustment relatively to the underframe.
The strap may work directly on a pulley on the dynamo and a pulley on the
axle, but we prefer to encircle the driving pulley or the driven pulley or both with
a loose flanged sleeve or hoop of leather, textile material such for instance as woven
hair or cotton, or wood, metal, or other suitable material for the strap to be in
contact with; if of metal we prefer to line it with leather or other suitable soft or
noiseless material. This sleeve or hoop may be of a size to turn freely on its pulley
or it may be much larger. We thus lessen the wear of the strap due to its slipping
action when the train is running at a high speed, by causing the slipping to take
place between the pulley and the sleeve, which latter acts as a lining to the strap
and can be more economically replaced when worn out than an entire strap.
When storage batteries are used in connection with a dynamo we use two
separate batteries one of which is being charged by the dynamo when the latter has
attained sufficient speed, while the other battery in the charged condition is ready.
and available for giving off current. This is of especial value in the case of
frequently stopping trains, and where consequently a large output from the dynamo
is required to keep the accumulators fully charged and where the consequent
unavoidable variation in the brightness of the lamps would be objectionable.
In connection with a dynamo and the two batteries means are also employed
whereby the current always flows in the same direction irrespective of the direction
in which the train runs.
These consist of a contact board and a double armed
rocking contact lever controlled by a centrifugal governor, all so arranged that the
lever follows the direction of motion of the dynam shaft until it is arrested by a
stop opposite to a contact and when the speed of the shaft increases beyond
a pre-determined speed the governor causes it to slide on the shaft and enter the
desired contacts. To enable the dynamo to charge the two storage batteries
alternately we provide two sets of contacts each set connected to one of the
batteries. When the coach and therefor the dynamo is running in one directión
the rocking lever will be carried over till in a position opposite to the one set of
contacts, and when the proper speed for charging has been attained, a connection**

page_text: will be made between these contacts and the dynamo. In order to correspondingly
change over the lighting circuit from one battery to the other a two way switch is
provided having a contact maker pivoted see-saw fashion so that when one contact
is made the other is broken. A lug is provided on the rocking lever in such
a position that when the lever is opposite the set of contacts for charging
battery No. 1 the lug will be in a position to insert one end of the see-saw contact
maker into the contacts which connects battery No. 2 on to the lighting circuit,
and as soon as the charging begins this connection will be made and maintained
until the direction of rotation of the dynamo is reversed when the rocking lever
being carried over will be in a position to charge battery No. 2 and at the same
time to cause the connection between battery No. 1 and the lighting circuit to be
made, while the see-saw contact maker will simultaneously break the connection
between battery No. 2 and the lighting circuit. Instead of using two separate
batteries we may divide one battery in two parts. The whole of the battery
or the two separate batteries may be charged while either part is being discharged
or vice versa.
In train lighting it is sometimes advantageous to have only a portion of the
lamps alight when the train is ruuning. For this purpose we provide in the lamp
circuit a suitable resistance which will prevent the lamps from being "overrun" or
too bright. This resistance is greater than that required when all the lamps are
alight. A circuit is taken from a point in this resistance and connected to a contact
in the switch box so as to enable all the lights to be run through this diminished
resistance. When, as sometimes happens, it is found necessary to allow the dynamo
to make more current when running in the day time, a resistance may be inserted
in parallel with the lamps, which resistance will absorb this extra current when the
lamps are alight and thus prevent them being "overrun."
When it is found desirable to control all the lights in the train from one point
we connect the circuits of the coaches by means of a conductor with couplings and
provide a switch in a guards van or other suitable part of a train for making aud
breaking the lamp circuit. Or instead of the said conductor we may utilize the
ordinary couplings, side chains or rails therefor for conveying the current.
Dated this Twenty-first day of March 1896.
JENSEN & SON,
77 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
Improvements in Apparatus for Producing, Storing, and Applying
Electricity, especially applicable to the Lighting and Heating
of Railway Carriages and other Vehicles.
We, EDWIN JAMES PRESTON of the Firm of J. Stone and Co., of Deptford in
the County of Kent Engineers and ARTHUR BERNARD GILL of The Shrubbery,
Grove Park in the County of Kent, in the employ of the said firm, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
One part of this invention refers to the driving of a dynamo by a strap running
in about a horizontal direction from a shaft such for instance as a railway carriage
axle and where the strap is made to slip when the speed of the said axle exceeds a
predetermined maximum, as described in our Patent Specification No. 1611
of 1895.

page_text: For this purpose as shown in the side view Fig. 1 and vertical cross section
Fig. 2. we suspend the dynamo W from the underframe X of the carriage by
means of a link. W the dynamo being suspended therefrom onesidedly at X'. The
link can be swung towards or away from the driving pulley Z, on the axle Y and
adjustably fixed in the proper position by means of a screw X' with nuts so as to
give the strap the desired tension. The link instead of being directly connected
to the under frame may be jointed to a block which is capable of sliding on
and to be adjusted relatively to the underframe. Or the dynamo may be directly
pivoted to such a block.
The strap may as shown work directly on the pulley on the dynamo shaft and a
pulley on the axle (both by preference having flanges as shown) or we may
encircle the driving pulley or the driven pulley or both with a loose sleeve or hoop
of leather or textile material, such for instance as woven hair cr cotton, or of
metal or other suitable material for the strap to be in contact with; if of metal we
prefer to line it with leather or other suitable soft or noiseless material. This
sleeve or hoop should be of a little larger or of a sensibly larger diameter than its
pulley. We thus lessen the wear of the strap when the latter slips owing to the
speed of the train exceeding that answering to the predetermined limit of adhesion.
There will then be a slip between the pulley and the sleeve which latter acts as a
lining to the strap and can be more economically replaced when worn out than an
entire strap.
When storage batteries are used in connection with a dynamo, in the system
referred to, we may use two batteries one of which is being charged by the
dynamo when the latter has attained sufficient speed while the other battery in
the charged condition is ready and available for giving off current. This is of
especial value in the case of frequently stopping trains and where consequently a
large output. from the dynamo is required to keep the accumulators fully charged
and where the consequent unavoidable variation in the brightness of the lamps
would be objectionable and also in cases where it is desirable to extinguish any of
the lights without affecting the brilliancy of those left burning. In connection
with a dynamo and the two batteries means are also employed whereby the current
always flows in the same direction irrespective of the direction which the
train runs.
Fig. 3 is an end view of a contact board K and a double armed rocking contact
lever A controlled by a centrifugal governor as described in our aforesaid patent
specification and all so arranged that the lever A follows the direction of motion of
the dynamo shaft W until it is arrested by a stop opposite to a contact, and when
the speed of the carriage axle Y and consequently also the shaft W' increases
beyond a predetermined speed, the governor causes it to slide lengthways on the
shaft and enter the desired contacts. To enable the dynamo to charge the two
storage batteries No. 1 and No. 2 alternately (or together) we provide two sets
of contacts C each set, connected to one of the batteries. When the coach and
therefore the dynamo is running in one direction the rocking lever A will be carried
over till in a position opposite to one set of contacts C C C C C, and when the
proper speed for charging has been attained the governor will force the contacts on
the rocking arm A home and a connection will be made through these contacts
between the accumulator and the dynamo. In order to correspondingly change
over the lighting circuit from one battery to the other a twoway switch O in the
form of a double armed lever pivoted at O' seesaw fashion so that when or after
one contact is made the other is broken. A lug or arm A is provided on the
rocking lever A in such a position that when the lever A is as shown opposite the
set of contacts for charging battery No. 1 the arm A is in a position to insert one end
of the see saw contact maker O into the contact C which connects battery No. 2
on to the lighting circuit, and as soon as the charging begins, this connection
will be made (because the rocking lever A with its arm will by the governor be
pushed along on the dynamo shaft so that the respective contacts will be made
at C C C C C and C) and maintained. If the direction of rotation of the

page_text: dynamo is reversed the rocking lever A will by friction with the dynamo shaft first
by the decreased speed be moved out of its contacts and then be carried over to the
other position that is to say so as to be opposite the contacts C C C C C10 or in
a position ready to charge the battery No. 2 and when the proper speed has again
been attained the longitudinal axial motion of the rocking lever A will cause the
contacts to be made so as to cause the connection between battery No. 1 and the
lighting circuit to be made while the seesaw contact maker O will at about
the same time break the connection between battery No. 2 and the lighting circuit.
Instead of using two separate batteries we may divide one battery in two parts.
The whole of the battery or the two separate batteries may be charged while
either part is being discharged or vice versa.
Fig. 4 shows a modified arrangement where a resistance R is inserted between
the contacts C and C" so as to allow a certain amount of current to pass into the
accumulator which is supplying the light but not enough to increase the brightness
of the lamp.
We may also provide a lever P pivoted at P operated by a flange For
lug on the boss of the rocking lever A so as to short circuit the resistance R
when the dynamo is not charging and the rocking lever A consequently withdrawn
from its contacts. This short circuiting will also have the effect of putting the two
batteries in parallel. Wires may as shewn be connected to the terminals R R of
this resistance and led up to the switch controlling the lighting circuits so that
when the switch rod or handle is in the "off" position the resistance R may be
short circuitel and the two accumulators be charged in parallel. The arrangement
in Fig. 4 shews one of the ways in which the switch contacts may be placed.
Fig. 5 shews another modification where two independent see saw levers O
and O are employed either of which is operated by a flange F on the boss
of the rocking lever according to the direction in which the dynamo is
rotating. Thus when the direction of rotation is such that the lever A is in the
position shown the lever O will be operated by the motion of the arm A into or
out of its contacts, while the lever O will remain in the position in which it had
been placed before the dynamos direction of rotation was changed. The effect of
this arrangement will be that while the dynamo is at a standstill or running too
slowly to charge the accumulators the levers O and O' will both be in their
respective contacts thus putting the two batteries in parallel. As soon as the
dynamo begins charging the motion of the lever A towards the contact board will
draw out from its contacts the lever O or the lever 01, according to the
direction in which the train is running. The withdrawal of this lever disconnects
one of the batteries from the lights which latter will then be supplied only by the
other battery. The whole of the current being made by the dynamo will then go
to charge the battery which is disconnected from the lamps and consequently no
variation in the brilliancy of the lights will be possible. When the train stops or
slows down sufficiently for the dynamo to cease charging and the rocking lever A
to be withdrawn from the contact board, the lever Ŏ or O¹ will be again inserted
into its contacts and the batteries will once more supply the lamps in parallel.
When the train is running in the opposite direction the operations will all be the
same with the exception that the batteries supplying lights and being charged will
respectively change places since the rocking lever A will then have changed its place
so that its flange F will then engage in the other pivotted lever. A resistance R
may be inserted between the contacts and which may or may not be shortcuited by
a pivoted lever P as shewn in Fig. 4. A similar method of short circuiting this
resistance as shewn in Fig. 4 may also be used in connection with the arrangement
Fig. 5.
In train lighting it is sometimes advantageous to have only a portion of the
lamps alight when the train is running. For this [purpose we arrange the lamps
in two groups and provide in the lamp circuit a suitable resistance which will
prevent the lamps from being "overrun" or too bright.
Figures 6 and 7 show one of the arrangements used for this purpose, Figure 6

page_text: shewing the connections of the dynamo and Fig. 7 shewing the switch with cover
removed. In series with the resistance T, Fig. 6, which keeps the "full lights
at their proper voltage when the accumulator is being charged, an additional.
resistance T is provided, the total resistance of T and T¹ being such that the
lamps are kept at their proper voltage when only half the lamps are burning an
the accumulator is being charged. This augmented resistance is short circuited by
a pivoted lever or other convenient device operated by the longitudinal motion of
the aforesaid rocking lever A on the dynamo shaft, as described in the specifi-
cation of our aforesaid former patent, when the dynamo is not charging the
accumulator.
To effect this the connections of the switch and dynamo are so arranged that when
the rod or handle of the regulating switch, Fig. 7, is in the "half light" position."
the slider of the switch connects the contact c, to which is attached a wire or cable-
to supply current to half the lamps, to the contacts d d', thence through the wire-
or cable to the terminal E on the dyname, this being connected through the two.
resistances T and T, to terminal g, thence to the dynamo and to the positive
terminal of the accumulator. Thus when the regulating switch is at half lights".
and the accumulator is being chargel, the lamps must be supplied through both
resistances, T and T, but as the dynamo stops the two resistances are short.
circuited and the lamps connected to the accumulator without any intermediate
resistance.
66
When the rod or handle of the regulating switch, Fig. 7 is in the "full light."
position the slider of the switch connects the two contacts e and k to each of which
is attached a cable supplying half the lamps, to both d and I in the switch, Fig. 7,
through the cubles to terminals E and M on the dynamo, whereby the extra
resistance T is entirely short circuited when the regulating switch is in the "full
light" position. Now while the dynamo is running and the accumulator is being
charged, the current to the lamps is supplied through the resistance T, t M thence
to l, 1, k and e on the switch, Fig. 7, where it divides to the two groups of lamps.
When the dynamo stops charging the accumulator the aforesaid pivoted lever or
other convenient device operated by the aforesaid rocking lever A, connects the-
terminals e and g together, short circuiting the resistances T and T in series, and.
current is supplied to the lamps from the accumulator through g and e, through the
cable to d aud d', which in the present full light" position of the regulating
switch, is connected to both e and k, and thence to the lamps without passing
through either of the resistances T or T.
fand, in Fig. 7 are fuses.
When as sometimes happens it is found necessary to allow the dynam to make
more currunt when running in the day time, a resistance may be in-erted in parallel
with the lamps which resistance will absorb this extra current when the lamps are
alight and thus prevent them being "overrun."
When it is found desirable to control all the lights in the train from one point.
we connect the circuits of the coaches by means of a conductor with couplings and
provide a switch in the guards van or other suitable part of a train for making
and breaking the lamp circuit. Or instead of the said conductor we may utilize-
the ordinary couplings side chains or ruils therefor for conveying the current.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. A dynamo W suspended onesidedly and driven from a carriage axle by a
strap in the manner described, in combination with the link W pivotted at one end
from the carriage underframe and forming at the other end the fulcrum of
suspension at X for the dynamo, and the rod X connected to the link and
capable of adjustment so that the distance between the axle and the point X may
be adjusted as desired, substantially as described with reference to Figs. I and 2.
2. A dynamo suspended onesidedly and driven from a carriage axle by a strap in.

page_text: the manner described in combination with a loose sleeve or hoop loosely encircling
the pulley on the carriage axle or, the pulley on the dynamo shaft or both and in
contact with the inner side of the strap, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
3. In a system of train lighting of the character described the application and
use of two accumulator batteries one of which is being charged by the dynamo
while the other in the charged condition is available for giving off current in
combination with a reversing rocking lever A mounted on the dynamo shaft and
operating in conjunction with two sets of contacts connected with the batteries,
said rocking lever having an arm which depresses one end or the other of a double
armed lever O serving to complete the circuit from one or other of the batteries
with the lights substantially as described with reference to Fig. 3.
4. The modified arrangement described with reference to Fig. 4.
5. The modified arrangement described with reference to Fig. 5.
6. In a system of train lighting of the character described the application and
use of a resistance such as T Fig: 6 in combination with a switch such as shewn in
Fig. 7 substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this Twenty-first day of December 1896
JENSEN & SON,
77 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.