IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferdinand Charles Warlich, of 10, Alına Terrace,
New Cross, in the County of Kent, Gentleman, for the Invention of
מתה
OR ARTIRICIAL FUEL."
Sealed the 4th July 1862, and dated the 13th January 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th January 1862.
I, FERDINAND CHARLES WARLICH, of 10, Alma Terrace, New Cross, in the
County of Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the methods of obtaining
tar from small coal and the application of the gases produced from the
distilling apparatus to the heating of retorts or chambers for the torrification,
carbonization, or coking of coals.
In the manufacture of artificial fuel charred or torrefied coal is employed
as described in the Specifications of Patents granted to me, dated respectively
July 10th 1860 (No. 1660) and October 25th 1861 (No. 1051), and the
present improvements consist of employing the gases evolved from coal during
the process of distillation in ovens, retorts, or otherwise, for the purpose of
effecting the torrification of small coal to the desired extent to render it suit-

page_text: '
able for the manufacture of artificial fuel, and also for the collection of the tar
and ammoniacal liquors. The oven retorts which I prefer to employ are
hermetically closed and composed of fire-bricks and heated on three of their
sides by means of fire-places provided with suitable flues, and the gases drawn
off by means of any convenient exhausting apparatus, and then forced under
the torrefiers, for the purpose of affording the necessary. heat. In the
transit of the gases from the oven retorts the tarry products are condensed
and may be subsequently employed in the manufacture of fuel. The gases
thus obtained may also be employed for heating the ovens in which the block
fuél is subsequently carbonized, or for the heating of steam boilers or other
apparatus in which heat is to be generated. In like manner the tarry vapours
and gases obtained from the torrefiers are exhausted by means of suitable
pumps or-ventilators, and the latter may be employed either as fuel under the
torrefiers themselves or may supply the heat necessary for effecting the distil-
lation of coal in the oven retorts. The torrefiers which I prefer for the
purpose are long brick retorts, either with or without moveable scrapers, and
having a floor of fire-tiles. The residues remaining in the oven retorts may
be employed as a fuel in all cases where ordinary coke is used.. It must be
remarked that since the amount of gases given off during the various stages.
of the operation is exceedingly variable it is necessary to so arrange a
considerable number of oven retorts and torrefiers as to keep up a regular
supply.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 'filed
by the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th July 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FERDINAND
CHARLES WARLICH, of 10, Alma Terrace, New Cross, in the County of Kent,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, IIer heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich, Her special licence that I,
the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and

page_text: no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ARTIFICIAL FUEL," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Fer-
dinand Charles Warlich, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manuer the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My Invention has for its object improvements in the method of obtaining
tar from small coal and the application of the gases produced from the
distilling apparatus to the heating of retorts or chambers for the torrefication,
carbonization, or coking of coals.
In the manufacture. of artificial fuel charred or torrefied coal is employed,
as described in the Specifications of Patents granted to me, dated respectively
July 10th 1860, and April 26th 1861, and the present improvements consist
in employing the gases evolved from coal during the process of distillation in
ovens, retorts, or otherwise, for the purpose of effecting the torrefication of
small coal to the desired extent to render it suitable for the manufacture of
artificial fuel, and also for the collection of the tar and ammoniacal liquors.
The retorts which I prefer to employ are hermetically closed by properly luted
doors, and composed of fire-bricks with fire-tiled bottoms, and heated on one
or more of their sides by means of fire-places provided with suitable flues, the
gases being drawn off by means of a fan or other convenient exhaust apparatus,
and subsequently conveyed under the torrefiers, when they are consumed by
means of jets forming a fire-place for the purpose of affording the necessary
heat. In their transit from the retorts to the fire-place the gases traverse
refrigerators in which the tarry products are condensed, and subsequently
employed in the manufacture of fuel. The permanent gases may also be
employed for the purpose of heating the ovens or stoves in which the block
fuel is carbonized, or for the heating of steam boilers, stills, or other apparatus
to which heat is to be applied. In like manner the tarry vapors or gases
obtained from the torrefiers are exhausted by suitable apparatus, and the latter

page_text: employed either as fuel under the torrefiers themselves, or for the purpose of
heating the retorts in which the, distillation of coal is effected. The torrefiers
which I prefer for this purpose are long and shallow brick retorts, either with
or without moveable scrapers, having a floor of fire-tiles heated by suitable
flues traversing beneath it. The residue in the retorts is employed either for
the
purposes for which coke is ordinarily used or is subsequently ground and
manufactured into block fuel. As the amount of gas evolved during the
various stages of the operations is exceedingly variable it is necessary to arrange
such a series of retorts and torrefiers as will afford a continuous supply.
Having described the nature of my Invention, I conclude by observing that
I consider novel and original, and therefore claim,-
First, the application of the gases evolved during the distillation of coal to
the heating of carbonizing ovens in which block fuel is subsequently baked.
Secondly, the application of the gases evolved during the torrefication of
coal to the heating of the torrefiers, retorts, and carbonizing ovens.
Thirdly, the collection of coal tar and other distillates during the process of
torrefying bituminous coal for the manufacture of block fuel.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
F. C. WARLICH. (L.S.)