matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS THE CONSTRUCTION OF VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gowran Attenborough
and Septimus Frederick Mason at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th August 1875.
WC, JOHN GOWRAN ATTENBOROUGH, of Brigstock, in the County of
Northampton, Farmer, and SEPTIMUS FREDERICK MASON, of Thrapston,
in the same County, Post Office Messenger, do licreby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
THE CONSTRUCTION OF
VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
"
IN
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction
of that class of velocipedes known as tricycles," and whereby the
labour and exertion necessary to be employed for the purposes of pro-
pulsion are greatly lessened as compared with what is required when the
ordinary methods of construction are adopted.
In constructing a velocipede in accordance with this Invention three
wheels are provided, that is to say, two hinder driving wheels and one
front or steering wheel. The driving wheels are mounted on an axle
on which they are free to rotate; a flat hoop or ring composed of two

page_text: power requisite to be exerted for the depression of the levers may be
regulated by proportioning the distance of the power from the fulcrums
thereof.
The front wheel may have cranks attached thereto, and a seat pro-
vided, so that the velocipede may carry two persons.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BOOTS, SHOES, LEGGINGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michael Jenkinson, of Grantham, in the County
of Lincoln, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR
BOOTS, SHOES, LEGGINGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES."
Scaled the 19th March 1875, and dated the 11th January 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Michael Jenkinson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th January 1875.
I, MICHAEL JENKINSON, of Grantham, in the County of Lincoln, do
hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS FOR BOOTS, SHOES, LEGGINGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in fastenings for boots,
shoes, leggings, and other articles, whereby a cheap, secure, and rapid
mcans of fastening is obtained. For this purpose I form one part of the

page_text: fastening of a plate with a hole in the centre thereof to receive the other
part of the fastening, which is formed somewhat in the shape of a hook
to enter the hole in the plate or to pass over one edge thereof. This
portion of the fastening is also formed with a spring guard or stop to act
within the hole or against one edge of the plate. This part of the
fastening I by preference form of wire bont into the shape required, and
I by preference fasten it to the article to which it is applied by passing
a metal spring through it, such metal spring being sown or otherwisc
fastened to the boot or other article and serving to secure several of such
fastenings thereto.
The spring guard or stop serves to provent the two parts of the
fastening becoming accidentally disconnected.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN Passenger and otHER BOATS OR VESSELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Betteley at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
June 1875.
I, JOSEPH BETTELEY, of Lime Street, in the City of London, Marine
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN Passenger and otHER BOATS OR VESSELS," to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to iron vessels, and consists in forming one or
more saloons with a deck arranged below the ordinary deck of the vessel,
the saloon having an upper deck or promenade provided with seats
around the sides and down the centre, thus dispensing with the ordinary
cabin. The saloons have doors at their ends and steps to reach the
upper deck and down to the saloon.
The saloon or saloons are ventilated by an opening in the upper deck
which is made to open and shut.
In the saloon I place a table lengthwise down the centre with seats
at each side, and at the end of the saloon I arrange a
"
buffet or
"

page_text: refreshment bar. When these steam vessels are started I apply a
portion of the engine power to an organ or musical instrument by which
power it is caused to rotate and play its tunes.
If I form two saloons they are separated by the smoke stack, boiler, &c. ;
the deck at that part being at the usual level.
The vessel is capable of carrying upper deck loads with greater steadi-
ness by the saloon being placed lower down than the ordinary deck now
used in passenger steamboats. With seat accomodation for the full number
of passengers, with good ventilation, comfort, and music, I also apply a
propeller at each end of the vessel, also two rudders, one at each end.
The propellers are of single blades in advance of each other upon the same
shaft, and preferably in separate apertures. The propellers are of
helical shape and form a considerable portion of a semicircle. In
constructing such vessels I fasten the planking to the iron plates or
ship's side by means of wooden bolts which have an iron collar; these are
throug tham on through the halt

page_text: through the iron plates and cork, the seats are made hollow or filled
with cork; by this means I am enabled to make stronger lifeboats than
of wood, I obtain buoyancy from cork in preference to air chambers, and
these boats from their form and construction are sufficiently strong to be
thrown overboard with little or no damage.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRESERVATION DURING TRANSPORT OF FRUITS, FRESH VEGETABLES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th June 1875.-A communication from abroad by Madame Dary
née Marie Angeline Jeanne Testa, of Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRESERVATION DURING
TRANSPORT OF FRUITS, FRESH VEGETABLES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," (a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Madame Dary née Marie Angeline Jeanne
Testa, of Paris, France), to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed to enable fresh fruit, vegetables, and other
kinds of food products to be carried long distances without damage
arising from fermentation, and also to enable silk or woollen merchandise,
manufactured or not, natural and artificial flowers, and other objects
liable to depreciation by carriage to be safely transported. For this
purpose the substances to be transported are packed in hermetically
closed receptacles composed of metal lined with wood or other suitable
material, from which receptacles air is exhausted so as to form a partial

page_text: vacuum regulated by means of a pneumatic apparatus provided with a
very sensitive gauge attached to a tap or cock fixed on the receptacle,
the extent of vacuum being regulated according to the nature, density,
and so forth, of the products or substances to be carried, and the time
likely to be occupied in transport.
The accompanying Drawings will give a clear apprehension of the
means by preference employed to carry out the Invention, Fig. 1 being
a vertical section of the receptacle taken near the side, in order to shew
the air passage and other parts provided for facilitating the requisite
exhaust of air. Fig. 2, a plan, and Figs. 3 and 4 details of the permanent
tap or cock arrangement.
A is the receptacle; B is an air space; C, a tap or cock fixed in a
chamber D fastened to the upper part of the receptacle A, and closed by
a copper cover E.
The receptacle is closed by soldering down the plate covering its
aperture and fixing the fitting G (Fig. 4). The pneumatic apparatus is
then attached and the requisite air exhausted from the receptacle, after
which the tap is shut, the fitting removed, and the chamber D closed by
screwing down the cover E.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Deacon, of Appleton House, Widnes, in
the County of Lancaster, Alkali Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID."
Sealed the 22nd February 1876, and dated the 15th December 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Deacon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1875.
I, HENRY DEACON, of Appleton House, Widnes, in the County of
Lancaster, Alkali Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID,”
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the well known methods of manufacturing
sulphuric acid by the use of sulphurous acid, air, steam (or water), and
nitre," (usually nitrate of soda), and consists in using an aqueous
"

page_text: solution of "nitre" (hereinafter called "nitre solution") instead of the
solid salt itself.
When the apparatus known as "Glover's towers" are used, the nitre
solution is passed down these towers along with the sulphuric acid, which
passes down them in the course of the ordinary process, or the nitre
solution either alone or mixed with water may be introduced direct into
the sulphuric acid apparatus or chambers (as fine spray or otherwise), so
as to mix with sulphuric acid and expose extended surfaces to the action
of the gases of the sulphuric acid process.
The sulphate which results from the action of sulphuric acid on the
"nitre" is as is well known only soluble to a limited extent in sulphuric
acid, therefore care must be taken either to keep the proportions of
sulphuric acid and "nitre" such that this sulphate may be retained in
solution, or due provision must be made for its separation; but if the
well known "Gay Lussac" towers (for the recovery of "nitre") are used
the sulphuric acid made is sufficient to retain in solution all the sulphate
of soda that results when nitrate of soda is used.
A NEW OR IMPROVED BARGE FOR RECEIVING SEWAGE FROM POINTS WHERE IT IS COLLECTED, AND FOR CONVEYING IT TO A POINT OF DISCHARGE AT SEA
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Yule at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
May 1875.
1
I, JOHN YULE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "A
NEW OR IMPROVED BARGE FOR RECEIVING SEWAGE FROM POINTS WHERE IT IS
COLLECTED, AND FOR CONVEYING IT TO A POINT OF DISCHARGE AT SEA."
This Invention which relates to a new or improved arrangement or
construction of barge to be used for receiving liquid sewage at places
where it is collected on sea coasts or river banks, and for carrying it to
a distance therefrom, either at sea, or at or to a part of or where there is
sufficient water to completely dilute the sewage and render the same
inoffensive, consists of a vessel whose lower part is composed of one or
more air-tight compartments; the upper part being a large hollow tank
constituted of. one or more compartments strengthened by stays, and
covered over with a deck, the whole or a portion of which is or may be
removable.

page_text: The engines and boiler used for propelling the barge are situated in a
compartment either at one end or midships, and one or more openings
are provided through which the sewage is charged into the tank. The
bottom of the tank is provided with openings closed by valves, which
are shut when the tank is charged with sewage; and when the barge
with its load has been propelled out to sea or elsewhere these valves
are opened, the sewage discharged, and the barge is returned to the
place of collection for being recharged with sewage to be similarly
disposed of.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Harvesting Machines
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th February 1875.-A communication from abroad by David
Munson Osborne, of Auburn, New York, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Harvesting Machines,”
a communication, to be as follows:-
My present Invention relates to further improvements in the rakes
and rake operating mechanism described in the Specification of former
Letters Patent, dated February 19th, A.D. 1872, No. 537.
It has been found in practise with these machines that it is desirable
to arrange the reel to act upon the standing crop, so that it may be
moved back to the cutting apparatus and laid upon the platform when
cut in line with the movement of the machine, instead of obliquely as
heretofore with this class of combined rake and reel machines. It has

page_text: also been found that one rake as described in the said former Specification
is not sufficient.
According to my present Invention I modify the aforesaid machine to
provide for these requirements, as follows, that is to say:-The shaft or
arm that supports the rake and beaters of the said machine, is lengthened
and bent or cranked at its upper end, and the said bent or cranked
portion is made parallel or nearly so with the cutting apparatus. The
reel or beater arms are attached to a hub which revolves on this bent or
cranked portion of the said shaft. A small toothed wheel or pinion is
attached to this hub, and geared with another wheel mounted upon the
inclined part of the said shaft. These gear wheels are protected by a
cover or guard which keeps them from being clogged by the straw or
other matter.
By this arrangement of parts the reel is moved in a circle, whose
axis is parallel with the cutting apparatus, and therefore the crop is
moved to the said cutting apparatus, and laid on the platform in a line
with the movement of the machine.
manner.
In the said former Specification one rake is shown and described as
pivotted to a shoe on an irregular wheel mounted on a shaft, but I now
employ two rakes attached to the said shaft in substantially the same
The diameters of the gear wheels of the rakes and reel are of
such relative proportions that the said rakes will take their place in the
reel and act as beaters as they revolve. By the use of two rakes instead
of one I am enabled to make gavels or sheaves of smaller size than could
be made with these machines as heretofore constructed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STREET LOCOMOTIVES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by August Bünger at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
December 1875.
I, AUGUST BÜNGER, of Düsseldorf, in the German Empire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STREET
LOCOMOTIVES," to be as follows :-
The object of this Invention is to produce a locomotive and carriage
suitable for streets and roads.
The locomotive constructed according to this Invention consists
essentially of a box-shaped framing, resting with carriage springs and
axle boxes on the axles, and containing the moving parts in its closed
up space; of a vertical boiler with engine thereon, placed in and bolted
to the said box framing; of the front carriage axle with its two loose
carriago wheels, sliding friction couplings for each wheel, and a fast
strap pulley keyed to the axle; and of two small hind wheels which
are so jointed to the carriage as to enable it to turn curves and corners.
The boiler may be an ordinary upright tubular one, fired with com-

page_text: pressed smokeless fuel. The exhaust steam may be led into a feed water
tank at the side of the boiler in order to be condensed.
At the hind part of the carriage there is a shaft, the plummer blocks
of which are bolted firmly to the box framing; on this shaft there is a
strap pulley which by rubber band receives motion from a strap
pulley on the engine shaft, and by strap transmits it to the fast
pulley on the front or main carriage axle, on which the carriage wheels
run loosely.
By means of two levers accessible to the driver, both friction couplings
may be thrown into gear, in which case the vehicle is set in motion. 1
For turning a curve or corner one or other of the carriage wheels is
thrown out of gear, and at the same time skidded or braked by suitable
gear in connection with the levers, and more or less hard according to
the sharpness of the curve. When pressing both levers, say to the left,
and when pressing them both away from you both wheels will be
thrown out of gear and tho carriage will stop.
The framing is covered in with wood at the sides, and with sheet
rubber in front at the sides, the wheel bosses only passing through, dust
is thus excluded from the engine. The shocks. occasioned by the rough-
ness of the street paving or road metal, will be taken up by the springs,
and the passengers seated in a comportment at the back will only expe-
rience the usual oscillations of an omnibus or other vehicle.
The slight differences in the end distances of the front and hind axles
occasioned by the moving of the springs, will be compensated for by
the stretching of the india-rubber driving band.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DREDGING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th August 1875.-A communication from abroad by Constant
Santenaire, of Lille, France.
I, JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent and Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DREDGING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to increase the delivery of dredging
machines, and the improvements consist in the addition to the machine
of inclined pieces, by means of which the dredging buckets become
filled more rapidly and completely, while a greater number of buckets
can be employed. These inclined pieces resemble the shares of ploughs,
and are situated at the two sides of the bottom of the chain of buckets.
By means of a threaded rod extending up to the deck where it is fitted

page_text: with a handle, the height of the inclined pieces can be regulated as
required. Their position will depend upon the depth to which the
mud has to be dredged. The softer the mud the further can they be
lowered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR CANCELLING OR DEFACING POSTAGE STAMPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emanuel Edward Geflowski at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th November 1875.
I, EMANUEL EDWARD GEFLOWSKI, of Camden Road, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR CANCELLING OR DEFACING POSTAGE STAMPS," to
be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in means for cancelling
or defacing postage stamps.
Heretofore in cancelling or defacing postage stamps it has been
customary to employ cancelling or defacing stamps of various designs,
which by the aid of ink were used to produce an impression thereof on
the stamps. This method however has the disadvantage that the
defacing ink can be removed by washing or by other means, when the
stamp can be again used, thereby defrauding the revenue.
My Invention however consists in the adoption of means whereby the.
stamp when once defaced or cancelled cannot be again used without

page_text: detection. For this purpose I employ a cancelling or defacing stamp,
which in addition to leaving an ink impression on the postage stamp,
also produces one or more cuts or perforations therein, the defacing or
cancelling stamp being provided with one or more points, cutters, or
perforations for such purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO GAS METERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1875.
I, GEORGE HILL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
APPLICABLE TO GAS METERS," to be as follows:-
==
My Invention has for its object,—
Firstly. The construction of a simple and efficient guage or indicator
for gas meters, where water or other liquid is used.
Secondly. The construction of a self-acting alarum that will indicate
when the water or other liquid is too low in the meter or when the
supply from the meter is shut off, or in danger of being shut off.
In carrying out the first part of my Invention and applying the same
to a gas meter of ordinary type where water is used to raise the float and
keep the supply open, I form a vertical slot in the front or other
observable portion of the meter by preference opposite the "float;
this slot I make of length sufficient to show the correct level of the
"

page_text: water. On the meter and round this slot I form or attach a beading
or frame in which is securely fitted a sheet of, by preference, plate glass.
The side of the beading or frame I mark with the words "full,"
"empty," or "safety," "danger," or "open," "shut," or otherwise, so
that an observer may see the exact level of the water and know if there
is danger of the gas being shut off, such accidents often happening
through ignorance of the state of the water level and causing incon-
venience in houses, churches, theatres, and other places as is well
known.
In carrying out the second part of my Invention I insert through the
bottom or any convenient part of the gas meter a wire in connection
with an electric battery. This wire I insulate by suitable means leaving
a portion exposed inside the meter and under the float. Parallel with
and alongside of this wire I lead a second wire fitted to the meter in a
similar manner and leading from the battery, these wires being positive
and negative as is understood. Underneath the float I attach a bar of
metal insulated from the float, but so arranged that when the float sinks
the bar will rest on the two wires and complete the clectric circuit. At
any convenient position and in connection with one of the wires I place
an electric bell. It will be seen by this arrangement that when the
meter is full and the float up no alarum will be sounded, but when the
water gets low and danger is near, the electric bell is sounded by the
sinking of the float, which completes the electric circuit, as will be
understood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Deere at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th May
1875.
I, JOHN DEERE, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, do hereby
5 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows :—.
The object of this Invention is to agglomerate small coal and such
like material into a solid form by a more economical process as compared
with the existing methods. For this purpose I combine the coal with
lime, clay, and gypsum, or copperas, or other soluble sulphate, and with
other materials as herein-after described. I prefer to combine the
substances in the following proportions :-

page_text: In place of copperas other soluble sulphate or sulphuric, or other acid
may be used.
The materials are compounded together and mixed with a solution of
Irish moss, linseed, peet, silicate of potash, or soda, or other substance,
capable of producing a gelatinous solution. A small portion of Portland
cement may occasionally be used used with some classes of coal, but in
most cases this is not required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND COMBING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left. by Moses Bottomley Wyrill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd February 1875.
I, MOSES BOTTOMLEY WYRILL, of the Firm of Moses Bottomley and
Sons, of Shelf Mills, near Halifax, in the County of York, Spinners and
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND COMBING WOOL OR OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application and use in such machinery
of a "stop motion " or self-acting apparatus for stopping the machine
when the sliver breaks, either when a lap forms on the drawing-off roller
or when the sliver adheres to and runs down the leather, and is thereby
prevented from passing forward to the can or other receptacle, whereby
damage is done to the said fibres and the proper progress of the work is
obstructed, whether such occur in the preparing, combing, or finishing
machine.

page_text: end of the said lever holds it in position while the other end supports a
drop catch attached to the end of a slide bar carried in brackets attached
to the framework.
Another lever is hinged to the frame, and oscillatory motion given to
it by a cam or eccentric fixed on one of the roller shafts as most
convenient. So soon as the fibre begins to lap on the roller or adhere to
the leather the sliver will break, and the first named lever will cease
to support the drop catch, which will then fall and catch on a pin or
finger on the oscillatory lever, which will operate the slide bar and cause
it to liberate a spring lever attached to the strap guide rod, and thereby
throw the strap on to the loose pulley, thus stopping the motion of
the machine for rectification.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAINTERS' EASELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
February 1875.-A communication from abroad by Hermann
Baumotte, of Düsseldorf, in the German Empire.
I, PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAINTERS' EASELS," (a
communication to me from abroad by Hermann Baumotte, of Düsseldorf,
in the German Empire,) to be as follows:-
The ruler, hand rest, or guide, is made of metal and covered with white
paper on the back. It is at each end suspended in a steel band passing
over a pulley on a steel spindle which runs in bearings fixed on a
drawing board suspended on the easel. The steel bands have equidistant
holes, and the pulleys corresponding pegs for the holes to take on to. The
other ends of the steel bands at the back of the easel have counterweights,
by preference hollow, in order to regulate the weight. The hand rest or
ruler fits over the sides of the drawing board, and has a spring on one or
both sides to steady the ruler in its place. The drawing board is suspended
in a cord fastened to a cross piece on the back of the drawing board near

page_text: the top, and passing over a pulley at the top of the easel and carrying a
counterweight at the other end behind the easel, which may have to be
cut through for the cord to pass through at the back. The pegs for
supporting the drawing board should not project beyond the board and
be in the way of working at the lower part of the board.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Bakers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1875.
I, LEWIS BAKERS, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER
SKATES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in roller skates, whereby their
construction is simplified and the cost of manufacture reduced.
According to my Invention each wheel axle is mounted directly in a
socket formed on the lower end of a pillar fixed to the under side of the
platform of the skate. The axle passes through an india-rubber ring or
collar contained within said socket, which ring or collar serves as a
spring or elastic cushion to bring the axle back to its normal position
at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the skate, after having been
deflected or caused to swivel in turning a curve. The axle is secured
within the socket by a pin passing in an inclined direction through
the socket rubber ring and axle, and it is upon this pin that the axle
swivels when the platform of the skate is rocked for turning a curve,
the weight being however sustained wholly by the socket and axle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' ANCHORS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward William Lake Price at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th October 1875.
.
I, EDWARD WILLIAM LAKE PRICE, of the Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' ANCHORS," to be as follows:―
According to this Invention I make the arms in two pieces separate
from the shank and joint them to the shank. Between the said joint or
joints and the palms of the arms I joint a guy rod to cach arm, the
other ends of the said rods being jointed to a sliding boss or sliding part,
which is free to move along the shank cither outside the same or in a
slot or slots or grooves formed in or through it. I form the stock in
two parts and joint each part to the shank, and I connect the said stock
halves and the aforesaid sliding boss by means of jointed rods. To the
said boss I attach the cable and to the shank I attach a small guy rope
or chain.
The shank is by preference made solid and oval, but in all cases when
1
U on it it must be so shaned as to prevent the socket

page_text: from turning or twisting on it, and it may with this view be square,
rectangular, or other suitable form.
According to one modification I attach the guy rope or chain in two
places one on each stock half, whereby I obtain a better purchase.
The action of the anchor is as follows:- -On dropping the anchor by
the usual cable, the aforesaid guy rope is left slack or free to give out;
on taking hold of the ground the anchor affords much more resistance
weight for weight than the ordinary anchor, because the arms are
supported and held by the guy rods; if it be desired to free the anchor
from its hold on the ground I accomplish this without the least
necessity for the vessel to be hauled up to her anchor in order to weigh
it, simply by holding on or hauling taut the small guy rope, when the
arms will collapse; the anchor then quits its hold of the ground and may
be brought easily on board, as it has no more holding power on the
ground.
In order to enable the anchor to resume its holding power it is only
necessary once more to let go the guy rope, when the flukes will take
hold of the ground again.
In order to assist the action of re-anchoring I attach a continuation
of the cable (which continuation should be a steel wire rope) to the
upper end of the shank, and pass a bight of it over a sheave arranged in
or on the sliding boss.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING FOR LUBRICATING MACHINERY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1875.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of Saint Martin-du-Vivier, near Rouen, in the
Republic of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING FOR
LUBRICATING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is a packing which will lubricate
machinery in a more perfect manner, and which will last longer than
those hitherto in use.
In manufacturing my packing I make a mixture of powdered talc
with glycerine or other liquid substance possessing similar lubricating
qualities in the proportion of about 1th of glycerine to ths of powdered
talc, more or less. I stir the mixture well together and let it stand for
a certain time when it forms a semi-liquid substance of a considerable
consistence.
In using the mixture so prepared a long trough is filled with it.
Into this trough strands of cotton or other soft fibrous material are

page_text: immersed, and well impregnated with the mixture by working the latter
well into the strands by the hand. After the strands have become
thoroughly impregnated with the mixture of glycerine and powdered
talc I collect a number of the strands together, and give them a twist,
so as to form as it were a cord, which I first cover with a casing of
cotton, and then with a casing of linen, so constructed that the
lubricating composition of powdered talc and glycerine with which the
strands have been impregnated will escape through the casing on
pressure being applied.
I am aware that packings have been previously manufactured, in
which lubricants of powdered mineral substances have been used, but
my Invention consists in mixing powdered tale with glycerine or liquid
substances possessing lubricating qualities similar to glycerine in
impregnating fibrous strands with this mixture, and in then using the
latter as packing.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TOOL FOR USE IN TRIMMING PIANOFORTE HAMMERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Mott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th April 1875.
I, WILLIAM HENRY MOTT, of Highgate Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED TOOL FOR USE IN TRIMMING PIANOFORTE HAMMERS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of a tool or device for use in trimming piano-
forte hammers after the same having been covered with felt in the usual
way, the said tool being more particularly intended for use in re-covering
worn pianoforte hammers.
Hitherto it has been usual to remove the hammers from the action in
order to re-cover and trim the same, and the object of my Invention is
to enable the felt covering of the hammer head to be neatly trimmed
with a knife without the necessity of dismounting the hammer as
heretofore.
The tool of my Invention serves to confine the felt covering on the
hammer head whilst being cut, and also as a gauge or guide for the

page_text: knife; it is composed of a pair of spring jaws provided with removablo
steel plates, curved on their inner edges to conform to the shape of the
hammer head to be trimmed, so as to embrace the same firmly between.
them. These plates are fitted in grooves and retained by spring pins, so
as to be readily removed and replaced by others of a slightly different
shape to suit the varying forms and sizes of the hammer heads. The
hammer head is supported in position by adjustable stops or rests
regulated by screws or otherwise, according to the thickness of the
hammer head, the said stops or rests being mounted on a stationary
plate. This plate is so fitted as to retain its central position when the
jaws are expanded to inscrt a hammer, and it is made adjustable
longitudinally to adapt the stops or rests to the length of the hammer
head; or the stops themselves may be made adjustable along the plate.
The tool may be made somewhat in the form of a pair of pliers, the
two halves being united rigidly by a transverse plate of steel sufficiently
flexible to allow the jaws to be separated to insert a hammer head, but it
may be otherwise constructed.
In connection with the above described tool I provide a small gauge
to test the position of the hammer head, which should be held with the
wood corc on a level with the jaws, in order to trim off the felt flush
therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM SHIP PROPELLERS AND PROPELLING INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Heber Radford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th March 1875.
I, RICHARD HEBER RADFORD, of No. 19, Salisbury Street, Strand,
London, and Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
SHIP PROPELLERS AND PROPELLING INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
I substitute for paddle wheels of the ordinary construction a simple
disc or discs (or rings) mounted upon an overhanging shaft at a suitable
angle with and to the longitudinal axis of the shaft, and so fitted or
mounted that the angle may be readily changed in relation to the
longitudinal axis of the shaft.
When two thin discs or rings are mounted on the same shaft they
must be parallel with each other.
The propeller shaft may have a hollow spherical boss fitted upon it,
and the disc may have a circular central opening, and be provided with

page_text: the means of attachment and angular adjustment conveniently fitted
thereto.
Instead of an entire disc of metal a ring having arms connecting it
with the boss may be substituted, and the two thin metal rings (or discs)
may be stayed together (parallel) at a suitable distance apart.
The discs or rings being mounted at suitable angles upon the over-
hanging portions of the axle or shaft (as in paddle or side wheel pro-
pellers), the motion upon it being rotated is like that of the "wabbling"
or drunken circular saw.
The "port" side propeller must be set to the opposite angle to that of 1
the disc on the "starboard" side.
As a substitute for the stern or bow screw propeller, the revolving
shaft upon which the angular disc is mounted or fitted must be placed
at a right angle to instead of parallel to, and with the keel line as in the
case of the screw propeller. In twin ships, the hulls may be brought 1
closer together than when the ordinary paddle wheels with floats are
employed.
In consequence of the limited width required for the fitting of these
vibrating discs they can be applied conveniently within a ship, and
between the hulls of twin vessels.
2
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY ENVELOPE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Willis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th April 1875.
I, WILLIAM HENRY WILLIS, of Long Acre, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY ENVELOPE," to be as follows.-
-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of producing an envelope
or enclosure for letters or private correspondence which cannot be
opened or its contents disclosed without detection from the time of its
despatch up to its being received by the person to whom the enclosure
was addressed.
The improvements relate more particularly to the folding and
construction of the envelope, which consists in forming a complete casc
or pocket for the enclosure, the inner complete side of which is carried
a little higher than the square or pocket, so as to form a turn in or flap
from the crease or square of the envelope, this extra length is gummed
on its outer surface. The outer overlap of the envelope is shaped and
gummed, similar to those now in usc.

page_text: The novel feature of the Invention consists more particularly in the
addition to envelopes of the before-mentioned projecting or extra
gummed piece of the inner side, which when the enclosure or letter is
placed in the pocket has its outer gummed surface damped and then
turned in so as to overlap and enclose the upper edge of such letter or
enclosure, the gummed surface of which at that time is in a position to
adhere to the inside of the outer surface of the envelope when the same
is being closed. Thus it will be seen that when the envelope is opened
in the ordinary manner the enclosure cannot be obtained until the inner
adhering flap is torn or separated from the inner surface of the outer
side of the envelope by forcing in the fingers so as to get at the
contents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Everden Wimshurst at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th July 1875.
I, EVERDEN WIMSHURST, of Weighton Road, Anerley, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROTARY ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
-
My Invention of improvements in the construction of rotary engines
relates to various improvements upon some of the working parts of that
class of engine, whereby the friction of those parts is materially reduced,
and the operation of the parts is simplified. The more efficient action
of the steam on the working parts is also ensured, and thereby an
economy of steam and fuel is effected.
The first improvement relates to the steam abutment, which is
mounted on a centre pin in the valve box, in which is made a space for
this abutment to vibrate therein. This vibrating steam abutment is
provided at the sides and ends with packing, so that it work steam-
tight; its boss is also packed at the ends and at top and bottom. The
may

page_text: abutment is made in the form of a radial arm, at the outer end of which
is a sector shaped piece, the lower end of which (properly packed) rests
upon the surface of the cylindrical piston. A passage is made from end
to end of the steam abutment, and through this passes the induction
steam from the valve to the working cylinder. Another passage is
made transversely in the steam abutment to allow the eduction steam to
pass through to the back of the abutment, and from thence to the
eduction valve, from whence it is conducted to a second working
cylinder, where it is allowed to expand and work a second piston. If
desired two or more cylinders may be arranged around or on opposite
sides of the shaft, and by means of expansion valves the steam may be
caused to act expansively therein. By these arrangements an equi-
librium of pressure may be obtained, and the pressure will be always
uniform.
The next improvement relates to the mode of constructing and
applying the packing to the ends of the working piston cylinders. This
packing consists of a metal ring, which is crenelated or notched out
on its inner face. The ends of the piston cylinder are also notched out
to correspond, so that the two sets of notches fit into and interlock with
cach other. Behind the rings springs are introduced for the purpose of
pressing the packing rings against the ends of the steam cylinder, and
thereby rendering the piston steam-tight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES EMPloyed in Weaving
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Burwin, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
April 1875.
I, THOMAS BURWIN, junior, of Oakworth, near Keighley, in the County
of York, Shuttle Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES EMPloyed in Weaving,” to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in the construction of shuttles, the
object being to make them stronger and less liable to break. Now in
practice it is found that shuttles break most frequently at or about the
place where the revits or pins are fixed, on which the pegs or skewers of
the shuttle works or oscillates, the shuttles being unavoidably weakened
by the rivets or pins passing through them.
The improvement consists in constructing that portion of the bottom
of the shuttle solid (which has hitherto been made with an opening
through), by which means more substance is given to that part of the
shuttle where most strength is required, and more solidity and firmness
mparted to the whole.

page_text: The second part of the Invention is in the "loose peg shuttle," and the
improvements consist in making the peg or skewer with a hinge or joint
at or about its middle or other convenient part thereof, so that the loose
portion of the skewer can be brought at right angles to the fast portion;
it is thereby not only held more firmly to the body of the shuttle and
prevented working loose with constant use, but the weaver is enabled to
put on and take off the spool with greater rapidity than he can do with
the present straight skewer.
•
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BOOTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Turner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
October 1875.
I, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester,
Elastic Web Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BOOTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to that class of boots in which tabs or
loops made of non-elastic webbing are attached to the front and hinder
part of the upper for the purpose of enabling the wearer to draw the
boot on with facility.
The object of the present Invention is to dispense with the use of
these tabs or loops made of webbing, and which are not only ugly in
appearance but are clumsy to the leg just above the ankle and sometimes
press on and hurt the wearer.
Instead of these webbing tabs or loops I form a loop both at back and
front out of the strip of leather which usually covers the back and front
seams on the outside of the boot. The loop is formed by leaving a

page_text: portion of the upper part of the strip unsewn to the upper, except at the
extreme top end, which must be securely sewn or otherwise secured.
If additional strength be required to be given to the loop this is
effected by widening the strip of leather at its upper part so as to give
sufficient strength to that portion which forms the loop to resist the pull
to which it will be subjected while the boot is being drawn on the
foot.
It will be evident that my Invention is applicable not only to new
boots, which will be specially made in accordance with my improve-
ments, but may also be applied to ready made or worn boots from which 1
the ordinary webbing tabs or loops may be removed and the leather seam
loops applied in their place.
In some cases the uppers of boots are so cut that there are no seams
in front or no seams at the back, in such cases a strip of leather must
be sewn on the part so as to form the loops, as in the former instance, 1
where there is a seam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INK PENCILS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Louis Marcellin George
and Théophile Prioux at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th July 1875.
We, JEAN LOUIS MAROELLIN GEORGE and THÉOPHILE PRIOUX, both
of 35, Ruc de la Rochefoucauld, Paris, in the Republic of France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INK
PENCILS," to be as follows:-
:-
The subject of the present Invention is a reservoir ink pencil or pen
writing with a metal point in lieu of the ordinary lead or pen nib.
The holder consists of a cylindrical metal tube, at the upper part of
which is a screw cap, in the centre of which is an air entry composed
of a capsule bearing a small shaft penetrating the interior of the holder,
and terminating in a valve for determining the introduction of the air
requisite for effecting the flow of the ink by pressure on the capsule.
At the lower part of the holder is the tapering end, formed of four small
tubes arranged one within the other; the first which screws into the
hollow holder is conical with a truncated extremity perforated internally;
below this is a distributing tube to which a regulator is connected, the

page_text: whole terminating in the nib formed of fine stone. A capillary tube
inside the holder at this part having a small rundle inside maintains a
spring which actuates the metal point or wire for writing. On closing
the air capsule and covering the point of the pencil with a cap it can be
placed in the pocket without danger of the ink escaping.
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