Improvements in Hydraulic Presses for Heading Cartridge Cases and other purposes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application. 31st July, 1894
Complete Specification Left. 31st May, 1895-Accepted, 6th July, 1895
PROVISIONAL SE MULTIVATION.
Improvements in Hydraulic Presses for Heading Cartridge Cases
and other purposes.
We, GEORGE KYNOCH AND COMPANY LIMITED, of Lion Works, Witton,
Manufacturers, and DUGALD CLERK, of Driffold Villa, Manor Hill, Sutton
Coldfield, Engineer, all in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improvements in bydraulic presses principally intended
for heading large cartridge cases.
Our object is to produce a press in which the necessary operations of inserting
the case, heading, and extracting after heading are readily and rapidly performel
with the minimum of manual labour, and further to render hydraulic presse
available for other metal working operations required principally in a cartridge
factory.
In a hydraulic press constructed in accordance with our invention and suitable
for beading cartridge cases up to 6 inch, we provide a top and bottom hear
preferably of cast steel and we connect the two heads by four heavy steel columns.
We arrange the bottom bead to contain the hydraulic cylinder and a large ram
suitably packed by U leather or other device. In the centre of the large ram we
arrange a smaller ram working through it and packed in the large ram. We expand
the upper end of the small ram to form a disc head and we turn a recess in
the large ram to allow this head to fit in and leave a flush surface. The shoulder
formed by the head of the small ram is of considerable area so as to allow a
large surface of contact to take great pressures without forcing the metal of the
head into the metal of the ram, or otherwise distorting the head or recess int..
which it fits. On the large ram we mount a die block of massive construction,
carrying a hard steel ring inserted into a bored out aperture, the said steel ring
being shaped to form the external outline of the cartridge case head. On the
head of the smaller ram we mount a hard steel plate and on this plate we mount a
hard steel punch with its upper end shaped to form the internal configuration of
the cartridge case head. The punch thus stands within the die block in position to
form the head of the case when the metal is forced by the punch and a top
resisting surface into the recess of the die block. The resisting surface of hard
steel is carried upon a swinging block inserted between the planed surface of the
large die block. This block is carried by a strong swinging arm swinging from
one of the pillars on ball bearings. The block is carried by the swinging arm in
jaws and suspended by bolts or pins operating in vertical slots in the said jaws.
This swing block is also constructed of steel and is of large enough dimensions to
sustain the whole pressure required to form the cartridge head. Between the top
head and the large die block, carried by the main hydraulic ram, is placed a heavy
crescent shaped piece of cast steel and it is bolted to the top head and faced top and
bottom. It also is made sufficiently strong to take the whole pressure of the large
The swing block swings by its arm into the crescent.
ram.

page_text: The operation of the press is as follows:-
The swing block is swung hy its arm clear out of the crescent and the ram being
down, the cartridge case to be headed is inserted from above into the die block over
the punch. The swinging block is then swung into position over the case and within
the crescent piece and the hydraulic pressure is applied to the cylinder; the ram rises
carrying with it the die block and the cartridge case; and the case first touches
the swinging block and forces it up, moving its suspending pins in their slots, till
the upper end of the block comes in contact with the faced surface of the top
head. The block then becomes stationary and the punch and die block continue
to ascend under the pressure of the ram forcing the metal at the end of the case
to flow and fill up the recesses in the die block as also the recesses in the end of
the punch, so forming the head. When the head has been formed, the water supply
is cut off and the discharge valve opened. The ram then falls and when the
swinging head is suspended again in its swinging arm and is clear of the cartridge,
the discharge valve is closed and the block swings out again. The water is
again admitted to the ram and it rises till it comes into contact with the lower
edge of the crescent piece when the motion of the die block and large ram is
arrested the small inner ram then moves up carrying with the punch and it
forces the cartridge case up out of the die into the crescent space, thus ejecting
the case.
The case is then lifted out, both rams are allowed to fall and the press
is ready to head another cartridge case.
:
For the free movement of the rams 700 lbs. per square inch water pressure is
ample but for the final squeeze we may go as high as five tons per square inch.
We arrange the press for dealing with 6 inch cases to attain a maximum pressure of
5000 tons.
In one arrangement we apply low pressure water for the first part of the movement
and finish by applying an intensifier.
In another arrangement we apply a powerful plunger to act through the
bottom of the cylinder directly into the body of liquid within the hydraulic
cylinder and we operate this plunger by a suitable steam or gas engine. On the
down stroke just after the plunger has reduced the pressure in the cylinder, we
cause another plunger to force water or other liquid into the cylinder slightly less
in volume than the liquid displaced by the first named plunger. In this latter
case the ram ascends in steps: a short stroke up then a slight down movement
shorter than the up stroke; then another ascent and in this way we produce any
desired stroke.
We prefer to operate the main plunger by a strong lever or beam lying under the
press and we operate the beam from a crank shaft carrying a powerful fly wheel
which crank shaft may be geared up to a gas or steam engine or from the crank
shaft for the said engine.
By operating the valves of the two plungers we may cause the main ram to
reciprocate up and down or to rise in steps or to fall as described.
By these operations we make the press available for purposes other than heading
when great pressure is required.
Dated this 30th day of July 1894.
MARKS & CLERK,
18 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13 Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant-.

page_text: Improvements in Hydraulic Presses for Heading Cartridge Cases
and other purposes.
We, GEORGE KYNOCH AND COMPANY LIMITED, of Lion Works, Witton,
Manufacturers, and DUGALD CLERK, of Driffold Villa, Manor Hill, Sutton
Coldfield, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in hydraulic presses principally intended
for heading large cartridge cases.
Our object is to produce a press in which the necessary operations, of inserting
the case, heading, and extracting after beading are readily and rapidly performed
with the minimum of manual labour, and further, to render hydraulic presses
available for other metal working operations required principally in a cartridge
factory.
The two accompanying sheets of drawings illustrate applications of our
invention.
Sheet 1 illustrates a hydraulic press constructed in accordance with our invention
and suitable for heading cartridge cases up to six inches diameter.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 are respectively plan, elevation and vertical sections of this
machine.
Figures 4, 5 and 6, Sheet 2, are respectively, plan, elevation, and vertical section
of another machine.
In this press, Figures 1, 2 and 3, we provide a top and bottom head respectively
lettered, a, and a', made preferably of cast steel, and we connect these two heads
by the four beavy steel columns b, b, b, b. We arrange the bottom head a', to
coutain the hydraulic cylinder c, and a large ram c', suitably packed by a U leather d
or other device. In the centre of the large ram c¹ we arrange a smaller ram d¹
working through it and suitably packed by a U leather e or other device. We
expand the upper end of the smaller ram d to form a disc head e¹ and we turn
a recess in the large ram c¹ to allow this head to fit in and leave a flush
surface. The shoulder thus formed by the head e¹ of the smaller ram d¹ is of
considerable area, so as to allow a large surface of contact to take great pressures
without forcing the metal of the head e¹ into the metal of the ram c¹, or otherwise
distorting the head e¹ or recess f into which it fits. On the large ram c we
mount a die block f of massive construction, carrying a hard steel ring g inserted
into a bored out aperture, this steel ring g being shaped to form the external outline
of the cartridge case head. On the head of the smaller ram, d, we mount a hard
steel plate, h, and on this plate h we mount a hard steel punch ' with its upper end
shaped to form the internal configuration of the cartridge case head. The
punch thus stands within the die block in position to form the head of the
case when the metal is forced by the punch ' and a top resisting surface k into
the recess of the die block steel ring 9. This resisting surface k' of hard steel
is carried upon a swinging block / inserted between the planed surfaces 1. This
block is carried by a strong swinging arm m swinging from one of the pillars 6 in
ball bearings. The block is carried by the swinging arm m in jaws m² m² and
suspended by bolts or pins in vertical slots nnn in the said jaws m' m². This
swing block is also constructed of steel and is of large enough dimensions to
sustain the whole pressure required to form the cartridge bead. Between the top
head a and the large die block f1 carried by the maiu hydraulic ram c¹ is placed a
heavy crescent, shaped of cast steel o and it is bolted to the top head a and faced

page_text: top and bottom it is also made sufficiently strong to take the whole pressure of the
large ram e. The swing block 7 swings by its arm m into the crescent o.
The operation of the press is as follows:-
The swing block is swung by its arm m clear out of the crescent o, and the
rams c and d being down, the cartridge case to be headed is inserted from above
into the die block fl over the punch h¹. The swing block is then swung back into
position over the case, and within the crescent piece o, and the hydraulic pressure
is admitted to the cylinder c, the rams c and d now rise together carrying with
them the die block ", punch ', and the cartridge case.
The case first touches the swinging block and forces it up, moving its
suspending pins in their slots n n, till the upper end of the block comes in contact
with the faced surface of the top head a. The block now becomes stationary
and the punch and die block f' continue to ascend under the hydraulic pressure
forcing the metal of the end of the case k to flow and fill up the recesses in the
die block ring g, of hardened steel as also the recesses in the end of the punch ',
thus forming the head. When the head has been formed, the hydraulic supply is
cut off and the discharge valve opened. The rams cd then fall, and when the
swinging block is suspended again in its swinging arm m and is clear of the
cartridge the hydraulic discharge valve is closed and the block swung out again.
The hydraulic supply is again admitted to the ram cylinder c and both rams c
and d rise together but the large ram c¹ and die block comes into contact with
the lower edge of the crescent piece o when the motion of the die block f' and the
large ram is arrested; the smaller ram however continues to move up,
carrying with it the punch and forces the cartridge case k up out of the die
into the crescent space o thus ejecting the case. The case is then lifted out,
both rams are allowed to fall and the press is ready to head another cartridge case.
For the free movement of the rams 700 lbs. per square inch water pressure is
aniple, but for the final squeeze we may go as high as five tons per square inch.
We arrange the press for dealing with 6 inch diameter cases to attain a maximum
pressure of 5,000 tons.
Auother application of our invention herein before referred to is illustrated in
Sheet 2 Figures 4, 5, and 6 are respectively a plan, elevation, and vertical section
of one machine.
In this arrangement we apply a powerful plunger 7 to act through the bottom of
the hydraulic cylinder c directly into the body of liquid within the hydraulic
cylinder. On the down stroke of the plunger 9 just after it has reduced the
pressure in the cylinder c, we cause another plunger r acting as a pump to force
water or other liquid into the cylinder e, slightly less in volume than the liquid
displaced by the plunger q. Thus in operating the ram the ascent is made in steps
first a short power upstroke with the plunger q, then a slight down movement
shorter than the upstroke takes place when the pump plunger r, sends in a
quantity of liquid to nearly replace the volume abstracted by the downward
movement of the plunger 9, then another power upstroke and so on, and in this
way we produce the required movement. We prefer to operate the plunger 9 by
a strong lever or beams lying under the press and we operate the beam from a
crank shaft carrying a powerful fly wheel, which may be geared up to a gas or
steam engine or from the crank shaft and fly wheel of the said engine. The
pump plunger r we operate preferably by a beam or lever « coupled up to the
same connecting rod used in driving the beams and to make the reciprocations
opposite in sense to those of the plunger q we arrange the fulcrum w of the lever
or beam u on the opposite side of the plungers qr, from that of the fulcrum of
the lever or beam s.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :
1 In hydraulic presso for beading contrides.
or other like
Q

page_text: movable block arranged to be interposed to take the thrust of the press and with-
drawn when the work is done, for the purpose of inserting and extracting the case
or article operated on substantially as described.
2. In hydraulic presses for heading cartridge cases or other like purposes, the
combination of two concentric rams with a movable or swinging block together with
a crescent shaped piece or other gap piece and a die block or punch, the whole
being arranged for inserting, heading and ejecting cartridge cases or other like
articles substantially as described.
3. The hydraulic press herein before described with reference to Figures 1, 2
and 3 of the accompanying drawings as and for the purposes indicated.
4. In hydraulic presses used for heading cartridges or other like purposes, the
combination of the press herein before described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3
of the drawings with the means for giving progressive power strokes to the rams as
hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 4, 5 and 6 of the drawings.
1005
MARKS & CLERK,
18 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13 Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicants.