Improvements in Machines for Generating the Teeth of Bevel Gears.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Aug,, 1899-Accepted, 25th Nov.,
1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Generating the Teeth of Bevel Gears.
A communication by THE LELAND AND FAULCONER, MANUFACTURING COMPANY, of
500, Trombly Avenue, Detroit, in the County of Wayne, and State of
Michigan, United States of America.
I, GEORGE CECIL DYMOND, M.Inst. M.E., of the Firm of W. P. Thompson & Co.,
British & Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank
Street, Manchester, both in the County of Lancaster, 118, New Street, Birming-
ham, in the County of Warwick, and 322, High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement;
-
This invention is designed to provide a novel bevel gear generating machine
of superior efficiency and utility, and it consists of the construction, combination
and arrangement of devices hereinafter set forth and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings, in which-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation showing a part of the supporting base broken away
to show certain portions of the mechanism therewithin.
Fig 3 is a plan view of the machine.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the spindle bracket and indexing mechanism showing
the quadrant in section, and the bevel segment in partial section to show the
bearing for the same near the teeth.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the spindle, bracket and indexing mechanism with
the bevel segment omitted.
Fig. 6 is a rear end view of Figures 4 and 5, showing the indexing plate and
related parts.
Fig. is a horizontal longitudinal section of the spindle, bracket and indexing
mechanism on the line 7-7, Figures 1 and 5.
Fig. 8 is a detail view of the cam 108, and Fig. 9 a detail view of the cam 117,
which cams are employed for operating the indexing mechanism.
Fig. 10 is a plan view of the table, quadrant and mechanism employed to
communicate rotary motion to the gear to be generated.
Fig. 11 is a side elevation of mechanism embodied in Figure 10, showing the
segment arm 26 and related parts.
Fig. 12 is a detail view of the screw and graduated ring used to set the
angular slide, shown in Figure 11, to the correct angle.
Fig. 13 is a view of the same in section on the line 13-13, Figure 12.
Fig. 14 is an end elevation of certain mechanism embodied in Figure 10.
showing the quadrant 3, segment arm 26, bevel segment arm 28, and related
parts.
Figs. 15 and 16 are detail views of the gear employed to transmit motion to
the slide working upon the table.
Fig. 17 is a partial vertical sectional view of the head and mechanism con-

page_text: nected therewith which reciprocates the ram carrying the emery wheel, showing
parts in elevation.
Fig, 18 is an end elevation of the head and the ram.
Fig. 19 is a detail view of the cam which brings the emery wheel forward to
grind the gear and removes it from the gear blank at the proper time, so that
there is no interference while indexing.
Fig. 20 is a sectional view of the sliding gear in the head.
Fig. 21 is a plan view showing the adjusting slide and its relation to the
eccentric,
Fig. 22 is a plan view of a portion of the ram showing the adjusting slides for
the emery wheel, and a partial section of the bearing for the emery wheel spindle.
Fig. 23 is a side elevation of features shown in Figure 22.
Fig. 24 is a detail view of a portion of the cross slide for the lateral adjustment
of the emery wheel, showing micrometer stops for accurate location of the wheel,
and a traversing screw for moving the slide.
Fig. 25 is a detail view of the combined driving gear and feed cam or cam gear.
Fig. 26 is a detail view in plan of the spindle bracket.
Fig. 27 is a view in vertical cross section on the line 27-27, Figure 11.
Fig. 28 is a detail view of the intermittent gear 85 and pinion.
Fig. 29 is a detail view of the arm. 43.
Fig. 30 is a lower end view of the same.
Fig. 31 is a detail view of the box N for the shaft of the grinding wheel.
Fig. 32 is an end view of Figure 31.
Fig. 33 is a detail view in section through the bracket K showing a portion
of the shaft 91.
Fig. 34 is a cross section of the same.
This invention is designed to provide a bevel gear generating machine in which
the movements of the gear blank, and of a rapidly rotating emery wheel of special
form, work in synchronism with each other to produce tooth curves which are
theoretically accurate.
The invention relates more particularly to truing bevel gears after they have
been hardened, and contemplates the use of an emery wheel having its peripheral
section of the same form as a rack tooth of given obliquity of angle, which
emery wheel shall be rotated at sufficient speed to give practical results in grinding
and which emery wheel is being also at the same time reciprocated, the position
of the emery wheel being such that one of its cutting faces, or angular faces,
shall reciprocate in a plane passing through the cone center of the gear being
generated. The emery wheel must, obviously, be thin enough to allow it to
pass through the narrowest place in the toothed space, only one side of a tooth
being ground at a given instant with the one wheel.
The principle upon which our improved machine is to do its work is based upon
the fact that if two gears mesh properly with a rack they must mesh properly with
each other. It is well understood that the rack for involute spur gears has teeth
whose sides are planes inclined to the pitch line at an angle equal to the comple-
ment of the angle of obliquity or angle of pressure required in the system of gearing
to be used with the rack, the line of intersection of said planes being parallel to
the center line of the gear.
A rack to correspond with a bevel gear is in reality a crown gear, or a gear
having teeth whose sides are planes inclined to the pitch line at an angle equal
to the complement of the angle of obliquity, or angle of pressure required in the
system of gearing to be used with the rack, but the line of intersection of said
planes passes through a point at the intersection of the center line of the gear
and the cone pitch line of the gear. In other words, the cone center of the
crown gear must coincide with a point in planes, sections of which form either side
of the crown gear tooth.
It will be understood that if a cutting tool formed like the rack tooth corre-

page_text: sponding to a spur gear be reciprocated while the spur gear blank be rolled past
the cutting tool by mechanism which will keep said blank in the same relation
with said cutting tool, which it would have when intermeshing with a rack, teeth
will be generated, which will be theoretically correct and have a perfect contact
with a corresponding rack tooth for the full working depth.
Likewise, if such a reciprocating tool is placed in such a position that one of
its sides always coincides with the plane of the side of a tooth to any imaginary
crown gear set at the proper depth to intermesh correctly with a bevel gear, and
a bevel gear blank be attached to mechanism, which will always keep it in a
position to mes properly with the imaginary crown gear, and which will impart
motion to the blank, such as the finished gear would have in rolling in mesh
with the stationary crown gear, ri: a rolling of the gear on its axis combined
with a swiveling of the same about its cone center, then the teeth will be generated
to the bevel gear which shall be theoretically correct, and have a perfect contact
with the crown gear tooth for the full working depth. Therefore, this invention
contemplates in conjunction with the emery wheel, above mentioned, the provision
of mechanism which will impart a motion to the gear to be generated which is
identical with the motion which it would have when rolled upon a corresponding
rack or a crown gear, as hereinbefore explained.
It is well understood that steel gears are always liable to become more or less
distorted by the hardening process to which they are passed, and, as the slightest
distortion is liable to render such gears unfit for use on account of the accuracy
required in the finished product, a large percentage of gears hardened after they
are finished must be thrown aside unless means are devised to true them in a
perfect and efficient manner after they are hardened.
Some of the objects of this invention are-
1. To provide practical and economical means for generating bevel gear teeth
to the theoretical curve required for perfect tooth contact, after the gears have
been hardened;
2. To provide mechanism for accomplishing this work after the gears have
been hardened, which will be simple, durable, efficient, convenient, and which
may be quickly adjusted to suit the various sizes of bevel gears within the
capacity of the machine, and have its parts so arranged that the accuracy of
the generated tooth will not be seriously effected by back-lash in the parts
communicating the required motions;
3. To provide mechanisms which shall so handle the gear and the emery wheel
of special form that the grinding contact of the emery wheel is continuously
changing during the grinding of a given tooth, which will insure greater durability
of the emery grinding wheel and lessen the tendency of the same to become
untrue;
4. To provide mechanism which shall be entirely automatic in operation for
one complete revolution of the gear blank being operated upon, and which shall
be positive.
5. To provide adjustment, changes of feed, and cutting speeds in relation one
to another, so that the most practical results may be obtained.
6. To afford facilities for the proper adjustment of the machine to generate
different sizes and angles of bevel gears without special forms of attachments
thereto for each angle and size.
7. To reduce the number of adjustable and working parts of the machine to
a minimum, thereby reducing the cost of the machine and also preventing the
inaccuracies that must creep into the construction of a complicated machine.
8. The invention also contemplates the general construction, form and arrange-
ment of the machine.
The various objects and purposes of the invention are accomplished as follows:
The numeral 1 indicates any suitable base or support, which with a head 5
constitutes the general frame-work of the machine. The head carries various
operative parts of the machine to actuate the emery wheel, as hereinbefore

page_text: described. An oscillatory table 2 is swiveled to, or pivotally supported upon,
the base, as indicated at C, Figure 10. The oscillatory table carries various
operative parts of the machine to actuate the gear to be generated.
I will first proceed to describe the oscillatory table and the parts carried thereby,
to actuate the gear to be operated upon by the emery wheel.
Said table 2 is gibbed at its outer edge by a gib 6 secured upon the base 1. The
oscillatory movement of the table about its center or pivot C may be imparte
thereto in any suitable manner, as by a pair of miter gear segments indicated
at 7 and 8, in a manner to be hereinafter set forth. The table 2 is provided with
a quadrant securely fastened thereto in such a position that its center is in
a plane passing through the center of the pivot C of the table. This quadrant 3
has a slot A concentric with the center of the quadrant. A spindle bracket 4 is
employed, provided with a spindle 99, with which spindle is engaged a gear
arbor 100, upon which a gear B, to be cut, is mounted. The slot A is preferably
made T-shaped in cross section, as shown in Figure 4, whereby the spindle
bracket 4 may be securely bolted to the quadrant 3 at any desired angle to a
plane passing through the center of oscillation of the table, which angle may be
indicated by graduations upon the quadrant indicated at A¹ and by a pointer a¹
upon the spindle bracket, the bracket 4 being adjustable to any desired angle for
different sizes of teeth to be generated on different gears. The spindle bracket 4
is also swiveled or pivoted to an arm A2 of the quadrant concentric with said
quadrant, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, at a². The oscillatory table carries a
bearing, as shown in Figure 14, in which a shaft 10 rotates, said shaft provided
with gears 9 and 11 keyed thereupon. One of said gears, as the gear 9, meshes
with the toothed segment 12 rigidly secured to the base 1, while the other gear,
as the gear 11, meshes with a rack 13 secured to a slide 14 and which also serves
as a gib to the slide 14, as shown in Figure 14. It will be seen that as the table 2
is oscillated about its center, rotation would be given to the gear 9, imparting
through the gear 11, a horizontal reciprocatory movement to the rack gib 13 and
the slide 14. By this means, the slide 14 is moved toward or from the center
of oscillation of the table. The slide 14 is gibbed by gibs 13 and 15 to have a
sliding bearing upon the table 2 in a direction toward and from said center.
The slide 14 carries an inclined slide 16, which is pivoted to the slide 14, as
indicated at a, Figures 1 and 11, for example.
The slide 16 may be clamped
at any desired angle upon an arm of the slide 14, said arm being constructed
with an elongated arc-shaped slot to receive a clamping T-bolt 17, the angle
of the slide 16 being indicated by graduations 18 upon the arm (Fig. 2). The
inclined slide 16 is provided with a lug 19, into which is threaded a screw 20
provided with a desired number of threads to the inch, as 20 threads per inch, for
example, and arranged so that one turn of said screw will equal one-half degree
upon the graduations 18. The screw 20 carries a dial plate 21 with a desired
number of graduations, as indicated in Figure 12, as 30 graduations, for example,
to read minutes of the angle and which turns with the screw 20 and rests upon
the top of the lug 19 in whatever position the screws may be located.
The inclined slide 16 is also provided with a longitudinal slot at, in which a
block 22 has a sliding engagement. In the block 22 is swiveled a stud 23 rigidly
secured to a vertical rack slide 24, having a sliding engagement in a bracket 25
rigidly secured to the oscillatory table. With the rack-slide 24 meshes a toothed
segment upon a segment arm 26, which arm is pivoted upon a bracket 27
secured to the oscillatory table so that its axis coincides with the center line or
axis about which the spindle bracket 4 oscillates. The segment arm 26 is pro-
vided with a quadrant arm A provided with an arc-shaped slot, said quadrant
being so arranged that a segment arm 28 provided with a toothed segment A
may be rigidly clamped to said quadrant at various desired positions to suit the
angle, at which the spindle bracket 4 is set. The quadrant A and the segment
arm 28 may be clamped together by a suitable handle nut 29. The segment
arm 28 is pivoted at the same center as the segment arm 26, as indicated at a²,

page_text: of a
Figure 11, and meshes with a bevel gear 30 upon the spindle 99, and
which controls the rotary motion of said spindle during the grinding
tooth. It will be seen that during the oscillatory motion
of the table 2, its motion will produce a rotary motion of the
gear 30 at whatever angle the spindle bracket 4 may be set, the ratio between
the movements being determined by the angle at which the inclined slide 16 is
set. As shown more particularly in Figure 7, the spindle bracket 4 is bored to
receive the spindle 99, and is provided with a surrounding spindle bushing or
bearing 98, said bushing being preferably threaded into said bracket at the rear
end thereof, as indicated at. The said bushing is also preferably split at its
rear end, as indicated at . The interior of the bushing is preferably made
tapering at its forward end for a portion of its length, as indicated at A, to
receive a correspondingly shaped portion of the spindle 99. The front end of
the spindle is also preferably bored and threaded, as shown at A', to receive
the arbor 100 which carries the gear B. Said gear may be secured upon the
arbor in any suitable manner. Thus, for example, said gear may be secured upon
the arbor and held in place by a nut . The arbor may be firmly held in place in the
spindle by any suitable means, as by a look screw 6, the arbor being made re-
movable and interchangeable. The rear end of the spindle 99 is threaded to
receive jam nuts 101, by which the end thrust of the spindle may be taken up.
Upon the spindle 99 is carried an indexing ratchet wheel 102, the spindle being
preferably constructed with a sharp taper, indicated at B to permit the indexing
ratchet being rigidly secured thereupon in any desired position, as by means of
a handle nut 103. A toothed index plate 104 is rigidly secured to the indexing
ratchet. The spindle gear 30 is rigidly secured upon the hub of an index plunger
arm 105 engaged upon the spindle 99, said arm carrying an index plunger 106
which engages with the notches on the index plate 104, and having a pin 107
which contacts with an index plunger cam 108 on an index shaft 97, said cam being
shown in detail in Figure 8. The index plunger 106 is carried forward by a
spring, indicated at b6 (Fig. 3). On the hub of the index ratchet 102 is engaged
an index pawl arm 109, and an index pawl shield 110, shown for example, in
Figure 6. Pivoted to the index pawl arm 109 is an index pawl 111 which engages
with the notches of the index ratchet 102 to index the gear B.
The index pawl
shield 110 may be clamped rigidly in various positions to a portion 4 of the
spindle bracket 4, as by a screw 112, said shield being provided with an elongated
arc-shaped slot in which said screw may be engaged. The shield is formed
with an extension B2, projecting normally under the pawl 111, and serving to
keep the index pawl away from the teeth of the indexing ratchet when at rest,
thus allowing the rolling motion of the gear spindle 99, while a tooth upon the
gear B is being cut. The index pawl arm 109 is actuated by a link 113 connected
with an indexing lever 114, as shown in Figure 6, said lever secured to an index
rock shaft 115 having its bearing in a portion of the spindle bracket 4. On
the opposite end of said rock shaft is pivoted an index cam lever 116 which con-
tacts with an index cam 117 on the index shaft 97, said cam being shown in detail
in Figure 9. The index shaft is provided with a gear 96. meshing, as shown in
Figure 4, with an intermediate miter gear 95, having its center on the center
line of the pivoting point of the bracket carrying the gear spindle 99. The
driving mechanism for operating this gear 95 will be hereinafter explained. The
shaft 97 is provided, as already described, with cams 108 and 117 for operating
certain portions of the indexing mechanisms. The index shaft 97 is arranged
to make one revolution to index the gear B, and the index cam 117 and the index
plunger cam 108 are so arranged that as soon as the cam 108 releases the plunger
106, the cam 117 will operate the index pawl 111, and carry the index ratchet 102
around one notch. The cam 108 releases the plunger 106 when near the limit
of its movement, said plunger dropping into the next notch of the index plate 104.
The plunger arm 105 must always be in a certain position when the indexing is
done, which is at the end of one stroke or movement of the oscillatory table, and

page_text: then by means of the adjustment upon the segment arm 20 and bevel segment
arm 28, the machine may be set so that the index plunger arm 105 will always
stop at the proper place for the indexing. A hardened steel washer 118 lies
between the spindle collar and the adjacent end of the spindle bracket 4. An
additional washer 119 is located between the hub of the index plunger arm 105
and the adjacent end of the spindle bracket. These features of the machine,
hereinbefore described, may be driven in any suitable manner.
As shown in the drawings, the numeral 33 indicates a shaft secured to the
base 1, and upon which is a driving pulley 31 secured to a sleeve 32, said sleeve
being provided with a pinion 35. The pulley 31 runs freely upon the shaft 33,
and the gear 35 is arranged to mesh with an intermediate gear D, the hub of which
is provided with a small change gear 36 which is mounted, and which runs upon
a stud 37 fastened to the base 1. The gear 36-meshes with a large change gear 38
keyed to a driving shaft 39 having its bearings in the basc 1. The shaft 39 is
provided with a driving gear 40 keyed thereto inside the base, said gear 40
imeshing with a toothed cam gear 41, shown in detail in Figure 25, said cam
gear being mounted upon a cam shaft 42 having its bearings in the base, said
cam gear having an irregular slot, indicated at E, Figure 25, concentric for about
one-quarter of its revolution, and which controls the feed mechanism, as herein-
after described. An arm 43 is pivoted to the base, as indicated at b, Figure 2,
and has a lug, indicated at e, carrying a feed cam roll 44 which extends through
an opening in the base and engages with the slot E in the cam gear 41, which gives
to the slotted arm 43 a rocking motion on its pivot b. The arm 43 is constructed
with an elongated slot El preferably T-shaped in cross section and a T-bolt 45
may be rigidly clamped in said slot at varying distances from the center or
pivot b.
A feed lever 46 is fulcrumed on a stud 47 secured to the base, and has
an elongated slot to engage with the T-bolt 45, said lever communicating
motion to an arm F carrying the miter gear segment 8, the motion thus com-
municated being in proportion to the distance said T-bolt 45 is set from the
pivot b, the feed lever being provided with graduations, indicated at 48, Figure 1,
to facilitate the accurate adjustment of said lever for any desired amount of feed.
The miter segment 8 which meshes with the miter segment 7, as already
observed, to impart oscillatory movement to the table 2, is provided with an arm F
pivoted to the stud 47, and is clamped against the feed lever 46 by a handle
nut 49. Said arm is also provided with a slot f so arranged as to permit the
oscillatory table 2 being moved to any desired position independent of the driving
mechanism, and permitting the proper adjustment of the machine in setting it
up to grind a gear.
The grinding mechanism supported upon the head 5 is constructed as follows:
The grinding wheel 81 has a rotary and a reciprocatory movement on the cone
line of the gear.
A reciprocatory ram 63 is employed to carry the grinding
wheel 81, said grinding wheel being constructed, as already mentioned, having
its peripheral section of the same form as a rack tooth of desired obliquity of
angle to mesh with a perfected bevel gear. The grinding wheel is mounted upon
a spindle 75. The ram 63 is carried by a ram adjusting slide 62 upon which
it is made adjustable, as by an adjusting screw 65. The ram adjusting slide 62
is carried upon a sliding block 53. This block is provided with two bearings,
as shown in Figure 17, one for the shaft of an eccentric 54, and the other for
the shaft of a miter gear 55 sleeved upon a shaft 57 having its bearings in
the head 5, as shown at H, H. The miter gear 55 meshes with a miter gear 56
upon the shaft of the eccentric 54. The miter gear 55 has its bearings in the
sliding block 53, and is splined upon the shaft 57 to travel freely upon said
shaft, so as to travel with the sliding block 53. The slide 62 is provided with
a slot J, shown in detail in Figure 21, in which the eccentric 54 is engaged. The
slide 62 may also be rigidly clamped to the ram 63 in various positions to suit
the lengths of cone pitch lines on the gears to be ground, as by screws 64 and 64¹,
said ram being provided with elongated slots ; through which said screws are

page_text: passed, as shown in Figure 3. The inner end of the ram is provided with a
vertical sliding bearing, indicated at J¹, to receive and hold a cross slide block 66
which may be vertically adjusted in said bearing by means of an adjusting
screw 67 having graduations 68 preferably arranged to indicate the thousandth
of an inch movement, and which may be rigidly clamped to the ram by a gib
screw and handle 69. The sliding block 66 is constructed with a horizontal
bearing for a cross slide 70, provided with bearings for the grinding wheel
spindle 75. The slide 70 may be adjusted laterally by means of a traversing
screw 71, and has a stop block 72, as shown in Figure 24, rigidly secured thereto
and projecting into a recess J³ in the block 66, said block provided with micro-
meter stop screws 73 and 731 having graduations reading preferably to half
thousandths of an inch in such a position that the stop block 72 will bring up
against them to limit the movement of the slide 70 very accurately, and so
arranged that no dirt can get into it to interfere with its accuracy. The slide 70
may be rigidly clamped in desired position, by a gib screw and handle 74. The
slide 70 has two projections, as shown, for the bearings of the grinding wheel
spindle 75, said projections constructed with spherical recesses, as shown at J2.
to receive one-half of bearing boxes 76 and 761, and lugs for bearing caps 77 and
771 hinged, as shown at ¹. The bearing caps 77 and 77¹ have spherical recesses.
as shown at 3, in dotted lines, Figure 23, to match those in the projections of
the cross slide 70, and are rigidly clamped in position by screws 78 and 78¹.
The bearing boxes 76 and 761 also have tapering orifices to receive the corre-
sponding bearings N and N¹ which are threaded, as shown in Figure 22, for
jam nuts 79 and 791 at one end, by means of which the lateral wear of the parts
may be taken up. The grinding wheel spindle 75 may also be adjusted for
end play by means of jam nuts 80 threaded thereupon, as shown in Figure 22.
The grinding wheel is shown secured to a flanged collar 82 by a nut 88. Said
collar is shown rigidly held upon the spindle 75 by a nut 84, said spindle being
formed with a shoulder on the opposite side of the wheel, against which the
collar impinges. The sleeve 32 already mentioned, has securely attached to
its hub a ram driving pulley 34 belted with a pulley 61 upon the ram driving
shaft 60, which shaft has its bearings in the head 5. Said shaft is provided with
a ram driving gear 59 meshing with a gear 58 upon the shaft 57. Upon the
shaft 42, already described, is secured a ram controlling cam 50, shown in
detail in Figure 19, and which has a cam groove G, which is so shaped as to
keep the grinding mechanism in position while a tooth is being ground, and
to retract the grinding wheel to avoid interference therewith, while the gear is
being indexed. This cam 50 operates the lever 51, which lever is fulerumed on
a stud 52 secured to the base 1. Said lever engages a sliding block 53 in the
head 5, already described. On the cam shaft 42 is also located an intermittent
gear 85 keyed thereupon in a suitable relation to cams 41 and 50. and which
engages with an intermittent pinion 86. Said intermittent gear and pinion are
so arranged that the gear 85 will cause a step by step revolution of the pinion 86
upon each rotation of said gear. The pinion 86 is secured to a shaft ST having
its bearings in the base of the machine, and provided with a miter gear 88
meshing with a miter sleeve gear 89 which rotates in a bracket K secured to
the base. Through the sleeve gear 89 is passed a sliding shaft 91 splined in said
gear, which shaft communicates motion to a table indexing shaft 92 through a
universal joint 93. The table indexing shaft 92 has a hearing in the oscillatory
table 2, and is provided with a miter gear 94 keyed thereupon. The gear 94
meshes with an intermediate miter gear 95 having its center on the center line
of the pivoting point of the spindle bracket 4. The gear 95 meshes with the
indexing gear 94 upon the shaft 97, as above mentioned.
The cone center of the gear to be generated is indicated at the intersection of
the dotted lines X-X and Y-Y, Figures 2, 3, and 10, the dotted line Y-Y
passing through a cone line of the gear.
It will be understood that the gears are formed approximately correct in the

page_text: customary manner in soft metal and then hardened, after which they are finished
by the novel mechanism herein described.
The spindle bracket is kerfed at one side, as indicated in Figure 5, for
example, at M, and is provided with bolts or screws, indicated at m, to clamp
the bracket upon the spindle bearing.
The centre of the quadrant is in a plane indicated by the dotted line X-X.
Figure 3. The quadrant is also secured to the spindle bracket 4 at any desired
angle to the plane indicated by said dotted line X-X. The bracket 4 is adjust-
able to any desired angle to the horizontal plane indicated by the dotted line Z-?,
said bracket being set at different angles to accomodate different sizes of gears,
inasmuch as the pitch angle of different gears must be set with reference to
the grinding wheel, as required, as the pitch angle of various gears will, of
course vary with different sizes. This angle is changed by raising or lowering
the end of the bracket opposite the emery wheel in the manner hereinbefore set
forth:
The axis of the arm 26 coincides with the center line about which the spindle
bracket 4 oscillates, and is centered at the intersection of the planes X-X
and Z-Z
The front end of the spindle bracket swivels on the axis cutting through the
cone center of the gear.
It will be understood that the index plate is toothed accurately upon its
periphery to correspond with gears having the same number of teeth or multiples
thereof, said index plate being interchangeable.
Since the table 2 oscillates and carries the bearing for the shaft 92, the
universal joint 93 is required.
It will be observed that the gear to be cut must have an oscillatory movement.
about its cone center similar to the action of a conical pendulum, while being
ground, the axis of oscillation being on the same vertical plane while it
has also a synchronous rolling movement.
In adjusting the spindle bracket to different angles, furthermore, the ratio
between the oscillatory and rolling movements of the gear must also be changed.
The operation of the mechanism herein before described, is as follows:-
The oscillatory movement is effected by the oscillation of the table by means
of the driving gear actuating the miter gears 7 and 8. The rolling movement
of the gear is secured by means of the bevel gear 30 actuated by the segment A
on the bevel segment arm 28. The angle of the spindle carrying the gear is
adjusted by means of the engagement of the spindle bracket with the quadrant.
The ratio between the oscillatory and rolling movements of the gear is governed
by the inclined slide 16 carried by the slide 14, in the manner hereinbefore set
forth. The gear is given also a step by step movement to index it in order
to grind successive feeth, which step by step movement is given by means of
the indexing wheel or plate and its pawl 111, said wheel being actuated through
the instrumentality of the cam 117 on the feed shaft 97. Special arbors 109
are provided for different sizes of gears so as to bring the cone center always at
the same point, or other means may be employed for setting various sizes of gears
to the same cone center.
The grinding wheel, as already observed, must have a rotatable movement in
operation and also a reciprocatory movement whereby one of its grinding faces
will be in a plane passing through the cone center of the gear to be cut. The
grinding wheel is also vertically and laterally adjustable, and has an additional
reciprocatory movement to enable the wheel to clear itself from the gear when
the gear is to be indexed. The rotatable movement of the grinding wheel is
effected by means of a pulley L upon the shaft of the grinding wheel, said pulley
being driven from any suitable source of power. The reciprocatory movement
of the grinding wheel, while in the operation of grinding, is effected by means
of the movement given to the slide 62 by the eccentric 54, as hereinbefore
described. The reciprocatory movement of the wheel to cause it to clear the

page_text: gear when the gear is to be indexed, is effected by the lever 51 engaged with the
cam on the cam shaft 42, said lever actuating the slide 53. The lateral and
vertical adjustments of the grinding wheel will be readily understood from the
foregoing description.
In setting the gear to be ground, one side of the tooth must be set up to a
gage. In order to do this, the spindle must be independent of the indexing
mechanism. This may be effected by the loosening of the handle nut 103,
thereby relieving it from the taper on the rear end of the spindle, permitting
the gear blank to be turned to any desired position, after which said nut is
clamped again in place before the grinding wheel proceeds.
The cam 117 actuates the index pawl arm 109 through the lever 116, rock
shaft 115, lever 114, and link 113. A spring P retracts the pawl arm 109.
It will be observed that as the spindle 99 is rotated, the plunger arm 105 is
carried therewith and away from the cam 117, as indicated in dotted lines,
Figure 6. This movement of said arm, it will be understood, is occasioned by
the oscillation of the table, and when said arm has reached the limit of the
oscillation of the table in one direction, it will be retracted into position to
be operated upon by the cam, a set screw, shown in Figure 5, at Q, being employed
to limit the backward movement of said arm, so that it will always stop in
proper relation to said cam.
The intermediate gear 85 and pinion 86, will, of course, have to be so timed
and work in connection with the corresponding cam in such a manner as to
operate the indexing mechanism at proper intervals, or at the end of one
oscillatory movement of the table.
The taper bearings N, N¹ are split, as shown in Figure 32, at n, to enable the
lateral wear of the spindle to be taken up. By the construction hereinbefore
described, it will be evident that by loosening the screws 78 and 78¹, the
corresponding caps may be swung over upon their hinges, allowing the spherical
bearing boxes and the spindle of the grinding wheel to be lifted out of the
cross slide 70. By employing these spherical bearing boxes, located in corre-
sponding recesses in said slide, the spindle will readily find its proper alignment
when replaced in said slide, and the end movement in said slide will be taken
up by the jam nut 80. It will be understood that when it is necessary to remove
the spindle of the grinding wheel upon the slide, as the grinding wheels are
made interchangeable for different sizes of gears, this construction enables the
spindle to be taken out and replaced in a very simple and convenient manner.
It is evident that the teeth of the gears will have to be ground one side at a
time, and as the planes on which the grinding face of the wheel reciprocates
passes through the cone line of the gear, this will necessitate throwing the
table to one side or the other of the center line, as to one side the line Y--Y.
Figure 2, the position being determined by the particular side of the tooth
which is wished to be ground. On this account, it will be necessary to oscillate
the table about its cone center C, only such an amount as will give the required
curve to the side of the tooth, this amount of oscillation varying with different
sizes and angles of gears. In order to economize time, and to necessitate only
the required amount of feed or throw of the table corresponding to the particular
gear to be generated, means of adjustment have been provided which will adapt
the feed to the required size of the tooth to be ground. The parts to effect
this adjustment consist of the arm 43 actuated by the feed cam 41 which imparts
motion to the feed lever 46, and arm F carrying the gear S. The arm Fis
constructed with an arm F having the arc-shaped slot f, hereinbefore referred to,
the outer end of the arm F being connected with the upper end of the arm F
by the connecting arm F2, the parts F. FL. F2 being formed in a single
integral piece to which the feed lever 46 is to be clamped in various positions
by the handle nut 49. The feed lever 46 is constructed with a laterally pro-
jecting arm 461, shown in Figure 3. The arm 461 of the feed lever, and the
arm F are clamped together by the nut 49. The graduations 48 may read to

page_text: indicate the amount of angle to which the table 2 is to oscillate about its
center C.
The operation of grinding a gear by this machine is as follows:
The angle of the pitch lines of the gear to be generated being given, the
spindle 99 carrying the gear is set to the corresponding graduations, indicated
by the pointer a' on the quadrant 3. The gear is placed upon an arbor 100,
the length of which is such that it will bring the cone center of the gear at
the point of intersection of the planes X-X, Z-Z and Y-Y. Different arbors
it will be understood, are to be used for different sizes and angles of gears. When
a gear has been placed in position on a spindle, and the spindle bracket has
been set to the desired angle, reference may be made to an accompanying table
prepared for the purpose, which will indicate from previous computation the
angle at which the slide 16 must be set in order to establish the ratio necessary
between the oscillatory movement and the rolling movement of the gear to be
operated upon.
The inclined slide 16 may be set at the angle indicated in
said table by means of the graduations 18. The said accompanying table may
also indicate the amount of oscillatory movement which the table should have
in order to generate the gear. When this has been determined, the stud 45
may be set with relation to the graduations 48 so as to give the amount of feed
required to the table. The nut 49 may then be clamped rigidly. When the
table 2 has been moved to the extreme position at the left, the arm 105 should
rest upon the set screw Q. When in this position, the nut 29 may be clamped
rigidly to hold the arms 26 and 28 in place.
It will be understood that the ratchet and index wheels must be interchange-
able for different sizes of gears.
The ram 63 may also be adjusted to such a position as will give the proper
amount of movement by means of the nut 64 and screw 65. The grinding
wheel is also adjusted by means of the micrometer screws, as above described,
so that one of its cutting faces will reciprocate on a plane passing through the
cone center of the gear. This is done by means of an auxiliary gage, not shown.
When this has been done, the handle nut 103 may be loosened, and the
spindle 99 may be rolled until the gear is in proper position, which may be
determined by a suitable gage, not shown, after which the nut 103 is again clamped
and the machine is ready for operation.
It will be observed that the shaft 97 is carried by the spindle bracket 4,
and is made oscillatory therewith. When the spindle bracket is adjusted upon
the quadrant 3, it, of course, carries the gear 96 with it. The gear 95 and he
universal joint 93 there-beneath are rigidly held in place by means of the
intermittent gear .85 and pinion 86. Therefore, the movement of the spindle
bracket about its center will rotate the shaft 97, and means will need to be
provided for adjusting the shaft 97 and cams 108 and 117, so that the cams
will stand in their proper relation to the index plunger 106 and lever 116. To
permit of this adjustment, the gear 94 may be thrown out of mesh with the
gear 95.
This may be accomplished by providing the shaft 92 with a removable
split collar R, which when removed will permit the gear 94 being dropped down.
Said collar is supported upon a bracket R connected with the quadrant 3.
It is evident that mechanism for carrying and actuating the bevel gear is
adapted for employment with various forms of cutting implements acting thereupon.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention & in what manner the same is to he performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondents I declare that what I claim is: —
1. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, the application of
means to carry a gear and to give thereto an oscillatory and a rolling move-
ment about its cone center, means to adjust the angle of the cone line of the
gear, means to index the gear, and mechanism to govern the ratio between
the rolling and the oscillatory movements of the gear, substantially as described.

page_text: 2. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, the application of
means to carry a gear and to give thereto an oscillatory and a rolling movement
about its cone center, means to index said gear, means to regulate the angle of
the pitch line of the gear, a rotatable grinding wheel, and means to give to
said grinding wheel a series of reciprocatory movements in the operation of
grinding the gear, substantially as set forth.
3. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, the application of
a base, an oscillatory table supported thereupon provided with means to carry
a gear, means to govern the amount of oscillation of the table, means to impart
a rolling movement to the gear about its cone center, means to adjust the angle
of the cone line of the gear, means to govern the ratio of the oscillatory and
rolling movements of the gear, means to index the gear, a rotatable grinding
wheel, and means to give to the grinding wheel a series of reciprocatory move-
ments on cone lines of the gear in the operation of grinding the gear, sub-
stantially as set forth.
4. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, the application of a
base, an oscillatory table supported thereupon, means to change the position of
the center of the arc of oscillation of said table, a quadrant, a spindle bracket
adjustably secured to said quadrant, a spindle carried by said bracket to carry
a gear, means to give to the gear a rolling movement about its cone center,
indexing mechanism to index the gear, a rotatable grinding wheel, means to
give to the grinding wheel a series of reciprocatory movements on the cone
line of the gear in the operation of grinding the gear, means to adjust said
grinding wheel, the cutting faces of said grinding wheel being at an angle
to a plane normally at right angles to the axis of the wheel, substantially as
set forth.
5. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, the application of
a base, an oscillatory table supported thereupon, a spindle bracket mounted upon
said table, a spindle carried thereby to carry a gear, a grinding wheel also
supported upon said base, and driving mechanism to oscillate said gear and to
give thereto a rolling movement, and means actuated by said driving mechanism
to rotate the grinding wheel and to give thereto a series of reciprocatory move-
ments in the operation of grinding the gear, substantially as set forth.
6. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, the application of
means to carry a gear and to give thereto an oscillatory and a rolling move-
ment about its cone center, means to index the gear, means to regulate the angle
of the pitch line of the gear, a rotatable grinding wheel, a ram to carry said
grinding wheel, means to give to said ram a series of reciprocatory move-
ments in the operation of grinding the gear, and an additional reciprocatory
movement to clear the grinding wheel from the gear, means to carry and to
adjust said ram, and means to adjust said grinding wheel, substantially as
set forth.
7. In a machine for generating the teeth of bevel gears, an oscillatory table,
a shaft journaled therein, gears upon said shaft, a stationary toothed segment
meshing with one of said gears, a rack meshing with the other of said gears,
a movable slide 14 connected with said rack, an inclined slide 16 carried by
the slide 14 and fulcrumed thereto, means to adjust and to hold the slide 16
at a desired angle to the slide 14, a block having a sliding engagement with
the slide 16, a bracket, a vertical rack slide engaged in said bracket, having
a stud swiveled in said block, and a toothed segment meshing with said rack
slide, said segment provided with a fulcrumed arm having its axis on a line
passing through the cone center of the gear, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 5th der of dvoust 1900