CERTAIN NEW METHODS OF RETAINING, CLARIFYING, PRESERVING, AND DRAWING-OFF ALL KINDS OF LIQUORS COMMONLY USED FOR THE BEVERAGE OF MANKIND, MORE ESPECIALLY THOSE LIQUORS CALLED MALT LIQUORS, SUCH AS PORTER, ALE, BEER, &C., TOGETHER WITH SUNDRY IMPROVED CASKS AND IMPLEMENTS NECESSARY TO GIVE CONTRIVANCE THE FULL EFFECT
Year: 1797

page_text: BRAMAH, of Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Thirty-first day of October, in the thirty-eighth year of His
reign, give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Bramah, His especial licence
that I, the said Joseph Bramah, during the term of years therein mentioned,
should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN NEW
METHODS OF RETAINING, CLARIFYING, PRESERVING, AND DRAWING-OFF ALL KINDS OF
LIQUORS COMMONLY USED FOR THE BEVERAGE OF MANKIND, MORE ESPECIALLY THOSE
LIQUORS CALLED MALT LIQUORS, SUCH AS PORTER, ALE, BEER, &C., TOGETHER WITH
SUNDRY IMPROVED CASKS AND IMPLEMENTS NECESSARY TO GIVE CONTRIVANCE THE
FULL EFFECT;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso,
obliging me, the said Joseph Bramah, by an instrument in writing under my.
hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar month next and
immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same (relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Bramab, do hereby declare that my said Invention is. described as
follows (that is to say):-
I do not rest the merits or value of this Invention on the precise manner
of performing the necessary parts thereof, or;. in other words, on the specific
methods herein adopted for producing the objects of it. For as invention
consists in those efforts of the mind, which discover new objects, and also the
best means of accomplishing them, I hereby declare that I appropriate both
as the basis of my claim, and that to the full extent of their usefulness, in any
and every new application of them I may hereafter discover during the term
expressed in my Patent. This appears to me reasonable, and the unalienable
right of every inventor; for though the substance of invention is the birth of
new object, improved methods of obtaining those already known is still
invention; thus, objects and the means by which they are a affected being distinct
parts in every invention, they must certainly, according to the law of patents, be
both of them the property of an inventor; and as it sometimes happens that the
objects of inventors prove abortive, while the nieans contrived to ascertain them
are highly valuable, it is therefore. I claim them both, as far as both are new. I
shall accordingly hereunder first declare in words what the true object or
objects off this: Invention are, then 'show by Drawings and references.how.the
samėtis to be performed in the best manner I am in this unexperienced stage
of a great undertaking in judgment.able:to suggest; and in the performance of
the work (should it fall to my lot), I here: assure the public, who require this
instrument; as their guarantee; that they shall have the advantage of every
future improvement I can make in the means of giving this my Invention
its full effect: -
.
Now, the objects of this my said Invention. are briefly as follows:1st:, I
propose to preserve and keep from flatness and acidity.all kinds of liquors used
for the beverage of men. during. such: time as the said liquors shall be on tap
or drawing-off: out of casks, let the period for this opperation/be:what it may,
whether.days;.months, or years, and. thus render unnecessary the custom of
putting liquors:'in.bottles: "
".
2nd, I propose rendering, water and all liquors. perfectly pellucid.and free
from heterogeneous matter by an urged,filtration, without the help of isinglass,
or other "chemical préparation; commonly called finings; the advantages and
good: effects of such a performance I need not state to those who are acquainted
with the organization of the animal kingdom. *:
3rd, I propose by a simple and mechanical process to convey and cause all
kinds of liquors.to 'flow spontaneously through small tubes from the cellar into

page_text: any part of a house above or below stairs at pleasure; by this means the cellar
door may be always locked, and thus freed from the injurious circulation of
either cold or heat. at all seasons of the year, and by this means also adultera-
tion, imbezzlement, private, drunkenness, overfilling; and the various other
wastes in liquors, to which all families are exposed, will be wholly. avoided, and
in public houses, &c. infinite labour. saved; that these are solid advantages
needs no argument: to prove, as the: master of: every family, and publicans
especially, can testify. the. great. necessity there exists for.reformation: in these
matters..
4th, I propose securing and: drawing-off all liquors,;;when occasion: may
require, by means of cocks: constructed on a new principle, and inade to lock
on my patent plan,..so as not to be opened by: any but those who, have pér-
mission, thus,will enable every. master (if he choses) to draw or, witness the
drawing, mixing, &c..of,every drop of liquor, he consumes... This to publicans,
&c. will certainly be a great acquisition, as the injury, done them by careless
drawing and mixing,,&c. is very considerable.
Now, I declare the four above-mentioned propositions comprehend the
principle of objects of my Invention, and I propose the following instruments
as part of the means of accomplishing them, and on which the merits of the
whole jointly depend; viz.:-1st, a cask on a peculiar, construction with an
apparatus to ditto; 2ndly, a pump with sundry appurtenances; 3rdly, a filter-
ing machine; 4thly, a new constructed vent peg; 5thly, sundry tubes and a
method of making them;. 6thly, various cocks to be used in this process, and
other hydraulic works, and their principles of construction; lastly, the manner
of fixing and organizing the whole apparatus:
These several points are fully, shewn and made appear to every person of.com-
petent knowledge in these arts by the Drawings and references hereunto annexed.
I now again declare and affirm, that this, instrument, whereby I guarantee the
reversionary benefits of this my Invention to the public as a price for the
priviledges given or intended to be given me in His Majesty's grant, does
contain a true and unreserved envelopement of the principle objects of this my
said Invention, without either overrating or keeping back any part that at
this moment occurred to my knowledge and understanding, and also contains
a true description of every instrument, matter, and thing I propose to use and
apply in carrying the same into full effect, boths as to individual and collective
principle and construction, and these I declare to be all of the best kind and
modified for the purpose in the best manner I am in this infant state of the
undertaking able to devise, although, doubtless, time and experience may
substitute various secondary improvements with respect to form and connection,

page_text: which I again pledge myself to add as I go along for public good. But at
the same time I must insist that what is contained in this Specification does
fully and sufficiently comprehend the true foundation, as well as the necessary
fabric of this Invention, and will be a competent guide to every practitioner to
the most distant periods of time.
Having this candidly and fairly disclosed and exemplified the whole secret,
both of my intentions, and the manner of giving them maturity, I most humbly
hope that all courts and jurics before whom my case may come will, in their
wisdom and through the love of justice, protect and guarantee me, in spite of
set or quibble, during the term granted by His Majesty, in the lawful exercise
of all the privileges and interest allowed or meant to be allowed me by the
said grant, as a reward for such labours as merit this distinction.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth
day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred
and ninate coron

page_text: or
forcing Mams one
may
be so.
in order to shew how it. may
e may require.
or in other words in
of the said Casks
way
in
• trifling unnecessary)
accuracy uni
rathen in std von it appeurs that by this
of ung mga vi
ir forced Fitteration in
.3.4 Gig 1th comprehended the disposition of the whole scheme in an e
the same letters of reference
orginized state extended to various kinds of Liquors and I hold ve clearly and distinctly laid down that a short explanation will be formd sufficient and to be as concise as I cum I have put
-be usefy applied and extended I think it proper to insert them by way of elucidating the whole and to begin with the plans and sections colectivid
on the plan the occur in the section and elevation of each particular part 1. I therefore represents the plan and Section of a Cask which I callhe drawing off Cash represented in a Vault below the level of the Allar Floor. This Cask may be of Word or other proper materials
and of any dimensions in diameter and titude aquecable to the magnitude of the work where adopted it must be made perfectly smooth and Cylindrical
to sustain the pressure of a column of Lique of the same Base dimensions equal to the highest ultitude to which the said Liquor is meant at any time to be therefrom convex - Into the upper end of this Cylinder must be fitted the sliding head or piston C. which head or piston must be as strong at least
on the insed by Boing or otherwise similar to the Cylinder of a Steam Engine and must have a bottom in it as at B. of sufficient stung the
as the bottom B. and must be made water that all round its circumference with Leather or other soft marials similar to the piston of a pump or Engine for raising Mr Fd. To the top of this piston is joined the Stem or piston rod D. of a length at least equal to the height of the Cask or
Cylinder I and stout enough to perform the ffice hereunder described on the top of this Stem D is placed Wood box guided and kept upright by the sliding frame F. F. hich frame must be at least as high as will allow the piston C to move the full length of the Cylinder A This Box must be
of dimensions, sufficient to hold as much sand or other heavy and cheap materials as will considerbly over balance the Column of Liquor
and drawn off and may be placed as thewn in the plan and Section Fig. 5. 6.7 supposed for wilt Liquor and the plan 8. 9. 10. 11. for Wines G.G.C. is a rain pipe passing along below the bottom and in front of the Casks 5.6.7.7. and 8. 9. 10. 11 Wines - with lateral branches from it
as described resting on the bottom B. One of these Casks and its apparatus must be provided for every kind of Liquor meant to be thus preserved and
communicating with each Cask in eac of these branches or in their Junction with the main is piced a Cock for the purpose of opening and shutting at pleace the communication between the said main and each Cash individually as occasion.
- order that each Cash may be either filled ormphed through the same pipe or main G.G.G. 8. at the extrere end of this main is a Cock I. principally intended for causing only - the other end of Main &.&.&. as well as the dam H.HI. is joined to stop lock II which will be described in its
proper place, this lock has four branche as shewn in the plain the first of which communicates ith the Malt Liquor Cashs, the second with the Wine Cast. the third with the cleaning Cock Is and the fourth which is the feeding branch communicates with, the Filtering Machine-
M which filtering machine will also be separately described hereunder - Now by turning the handy of the Cock I the Liquors passing through it may be direct either to the Wine or Malt Liquor Casks or to the cleansing Cock I and by this means any one
can be filled with pleasure. N. N. is to plan and elevation of a plump made on the common rifting principle the Suction pipe of which communicates with the Stop Cock 0.0. which has also four branches surilar to the lock II and is placed the reverse way and the
feeding branch in K becomes the discharging branch in 0 which branch joins to and becomes the de ion of the pump N. two of the other three branches namely P. P. communicates with the two general mains which leads to the Store Casks 12. 13. 14. 15 for Malt liquor and 16.17. 18. 19
for Wines placed in the allur above a in section. These Mains has lateral branches and sto Socks to each Store Cash exactly the same as those described to the drawing off Casks and will occasionally serve for both the purposes of filling and emptying them in a
hereafter described. The fourth branch of this Cock O communicates with a pipe leading to the P. which is either for the purpose of starting and filling the Store Casks or for cleansing the whole with Water when necessary. There is one branch leads from this lock to the
Opper Be and another to the Well or Vesell for holding Water I and by turning the handle of said Cock p. the pump will draw from either the Coppe or the Well and carry the Liquor so pump'd either in the Store or drawing off Casks as will be seen below. From
the upper end of the Cylinder of the pump № proceeds two branches
open and shut that communication it discution. Now suppose the whole of the apparatus id all the utensils to be thus arranged and the Store asks of every kind to have been filled in the common way and ready for drawing off.
of whic communicates with the filtering Machine M. and the othe with the Main leading to the Store Casks between this latter main and the pump is fixed a Stop lock I which will
with Stale Porter - then let the handle of the Cock 0 and that of the Cock N. be turned to the Met Liquor - and the Cocks in both the Mains G.G.G. and P communicating with the Casks be opened then by rocking the pump the
I we will for example begin
forced through the filtering Machine. Minto the Main G.G.G. and the Cock at the bottom of to Cash Section A. being open the Liquor will be forced in it by every stroke of the pump and supposing the piston & and the incumbent weight of the Box E to be descended to its
Liquor in the Store Cask 14 will be
lowest Station as in Cash I then by injecting the Liquor under the piston it will be raised in / on the principle of my new method of accumulaing force as fast as the Cask is filled by the pump imtill the piston and louded Box arrives at its highest Station, as
in the Section Cash & and thus the piston and the weight above will be kept up and rest & the Liquor untill it is drawn off- when it will desced as the Cask empties - now suppose the Tube 20 to be inserted into the bottom of the Cask A and carried up to
a proper place appointed for drawing of as shewn by Tube 21 in Cask 7 - and the Cock 22 beny then opened the weight of the loaded Box & will then by its ballancing the given column of Liquor
run with a force out at the Cock 22 equal to the sumptus of the butance as aforesaid and thus all the Liquor in the Cask A will be discharged though the Cock 22 with an uniform force only miners the altitude of the Cask and not a single particle of Almos-
as above mentioned press down the piston C. and cause the Liquor to
pheric air can possibly come in contact with the Liquor let the time of this operation be ever & ing and thus the acidity flatness and inavoidable waste recetofore common will be prevented and the Cellar door may be all the while kept lock'd - This example I bust is quite
sufficient for all the rest of the Liquors is the same process exactly will attend them when the L'ipors in the Store Cashs is clear the filterer may be taken out of the Box as will be shown in the description of that article as it would in that instance add a
labour to the pump - 23 shews an index joined to the top of the loaded Bax which
instant without any instrument whatever but his pen -- and by locking up the handle of the pomp and caving and booking into the India also, the Liquia's usually taken in Cusks will be kept as safe from fraut as to
graduated as
as to shew by the Index 24 the quantity dracon out in am, given time even to a pint or less if required, and by this means the Excize Man can take Stock with
simplifying the duty of the Excizo Officer fever would be wanted and by "reventing those mistake which must frequently happen from witicale casurements the general adoption of such me plan would ultimately fremve a considerable saving to the Revenue : By means of these Cylin
codici jetonster Issuere new sticalitysosa in alle diessthies a tothed and city patique rep timoter ning o
all cases for the purpose of procuring clear thier for the supply of Towns 8 as well as for private use and particularly for the use
apply my new methon
for the purpose between the pipes A and I. which forms the inlet and the outlet and through which see Liquor passes is paid a filtering floor C. C. This filtering for may be composed of various kinds of maknials prope. for the purpose such as pores. Stone stood Leather paper Flamel
of Ships - Frig: 2 represents section of the Billering machine which may be made of Copper him'd on the inside or any other materials proper
Sponge Sand in Bags or any such otha materials as time and experience may prove best adapted to perform the most perfect filteration when this Filtering floris fastened down in its place and the top of the Box D sicuved down the Machine is ready for use and whin the
Liquor is forced in at the pipe A by the pump as in the general plan it will be drove through the filtering floor and out at the pipe B. which leads to be drawing off Cash - When the lower part of the Box has collected a quantity of drugs
out at the Cock E. Fig 3. Is the section of a vent peg or more
admitting air or
a stopper for the vent necessain in all Castes when the Liquor is drawn off in the commny way. This little machine is constructed exactly on the principle of un Gex
excluding it from the lash without the attention of the person who draws the Lique, and cannot be left in a state not to do its Office, & is piece of brass with a taper Screw at the lower end to seew into the spile hole of the Cash the upper end is of larger
dimensions and turned out in a Cup or lipndrical forn with a Stud or plin rising up in the mida e as at B through the centre of this Stud is perforated a wall hole down through the shank or lower end of the flee so as to communicate with the interior part of the Cask
at to. The Cavity which in as at 1.2. with the
at which time the Air will force its way into the Cask through the Water contained in the Cup as shown in the Drawing. Fig: 4. Is a Machine shewing a new withod of making tubes of Lead or other soft Metal such as Tin pewter & of all dimensions and of any given length whatwer
he end of the Stud nearly to the bottom of the Cup, the air will be this prevented from having ingress or egress except when the pressure of the Air is augmented by drawing out the liquor
without Points . This is perform at by a process of pumping or forcing Lead & in its liquid state in sigh waital moulds by which Tubes of any given shape or yo may be made with great expedition and perfect accuracy - 1.A. is an Iron metting Pot in the Autre of which is
fixed the Pump B which is made of Sion or Brass with a piston so nicely fitted into it as to of capable of preventing Liquid Lead from passing it when pressed down with considerable force in the bottom of the pump is fix'd a suction vulve O made
on the opposite side of the plump is an arm or pipe convey'd through the side of the melting pot AA. where the Junction is made also tight on the outside over the mouth of the aperture of this pipe is fixed the projecting Tube or Mould D. the inside of which
of Metal and ground
is bored perfectly smooth and Cylindrica and its interior diameter equal to the outside dimensions of the Tube intended to be made The end of the moulon or Tube D next the Pot and where it is joined thereto is made wider considerably than the mould itself and this
part gradually verges to the size of Mould, In this wide part close to the side of the pot is fixed
inside or Bow of the pipe to be made in the Mould D and it must be in a small and regular degree diminishing in its diameter towards the external und, which und must terminate with the end of the mould or thereabout. This Maundrill shewn at E must be so fixed
• bridge into the centre of which is fixed a Maindrill or Cylindrical Bar of Iron or steel turned perfectly smooth and true and of a diameter exactly equal to the
Budge as to be perfectly in the Center of the Mould at the front as well as at the back end and there must be sufficient openings in the loss or
cross the Frie flue of the melting pot so as to be kept always hot, that the lead which then surrounds the Core or Maundrill may be kept in its fluid state nearly to the external point of the Mould - This done and the Pot A.A.. filled with liquid lead then by working the plump
Bridge which separates it and into which the Maundrill or inside Core is fasteired, the mould I must likewise.
with a Lever of sufficient power the Lead will be pumped or forced through the mould and by its heat herein being so regulated as to chill a little before it approaches the open air at the point of the Would it will keep iscuing out in a solid state and this pipes of any length or size may be made:
perfectly sound and without a survigle joint. In order to avoid the nicity of causing the lead to chill of.
and last article is my improved locks to be used in this work and for every other purpose where locks are applied the peculiar merits of my method of constructing and making them depends as follows that is to say on having so contrived them that when the Cock is shut the "
own accord while passing through the mould it will perhaps be proper to insert the point or extreme end of the mould into the side of a Astern of hot water or the like - The next
liquor meant to be retained thereby shall rest or
key down to its bearing or seat into which it is filled by gunding
gravitate with its own.
on the upper or larger diameter of the Conical key or stopper which opens and shuts the Water way in such a manner that the said gravited force shall always press the said Conical stopper or
6 beak by this means the love or Hey of this lock require no rivet or any other contrivance to keep it in its seat but (directly contrary to the old principle) the more it is press:d upon by the incumbent fluid the better it fits and the clover it shuts and mistead of its gating
or otherwise contrary to all Cocks made on the old principle where the gravitated force of the fluid always resting against the oblique side of the Cone endsavours constantly to lift it from its seat and causes it
imperfect by use will gain perfection and from having
no rivett ve will always
o show plainly how this is to be performed. Fig: 5. 6 Is the plan and section of
-free and cannot set fast contrary to those on the common?
2 principle which will from their being kept down by a rivet or otherwise always either work stiff
be otherwise - the top of this interior Cavity
Stop Cook the Conical Stopper 1 of this as well as that of every other kind of Cock is made hollow on the inside and the cavity may be of a similar shape with the outside for the purpose of sowing"
May
dween the lone and the Cap B. by which means the Liquor will press against the Cap and
larger end of the Cone-
quite open and left like a Cap or it may be left whole like a Lid and a hole only perforated through it sufficient to let the Liquor pass and fill a small space lift
f the Cock to this Axis or Spindle is fraid the handle D. by which the Cock is opened and.
et on the head of the Cone and force it down at the lower or lesser end of Cone is the Axis or Spindle & which passes through the bottom of the external case or Socket
- leave one hib only so that when the Cock is shut the Liquor
shit or in some cases may be opened and shut by the Spindle E passing thro' a stuffing box to the handle I one of its between the water ways of the Cone must be cut
driving
ide of lone, it may be turned so as to discharge the Liquor at A.B.C. Fig: 9.10. 11 are examples of different sorts and the means
on the love to keep it down Fig 7 & 8 represents a lock with sundry water ways where the Liquior enters in at t. head of the lone and by having mne aperture only
of applizing them in different Brewhouses.
properly
Cavity below in order to admit the Air fegy and by its lower end or mouth being immersed below
Lead light-
into the Cross ov.
netal or it
--
N, B. The Drawing off Cock 22 in most cases is
or
on the
L
force
a
move
may
be
side
may
rest
a cross ov
Cisterne itevinct in the usual.
owary
Jain
or thick matter it must be drawn
or Stench trap and has the property of
or leak. One example will be sufficient
-away so as
on the