IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR USE IN BOOKBINDING, AND WHEREBY FOLDING AND STITCHING ARE EFFECTED
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City
of Westminster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR USE IN BOOKBINDING, AND WHEREBY FOLDING AND STITCHING
ARE EFFECTED." A communication from abroad by Messieurs F. Martini and
Company, of Frauenfeld, Switzerland.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1880.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR USE IN BOOKBINDING, AND
WHEREBY FOLDING AND STITCHING ARE EFFECTED." A communication from
abroad by Messieurs F. Martini and Company, of Frauenfeld, Switzerland.
This Invention relates to the combination with folding machinery constructed
on the principle described in the Specification of a former Patent granted to me the
31st day of October 1877 (No. 4049), in respect of an Invention communicated to
me from abroad by Messieurs Martini, Tanner, and Company, of a stitching
apparatus for binding. The machinery is constructed in such manner that the
sheets which are laid in are not only folded by it, but also grooves are cut into
their backs, bookbinders' thread is passed through them, the sheets are pressed
through cylinders and laid out on a receiver. The thread passes on one side into
the sheet, and having gone through a small box filled with binders' starch, sticks to
the inner side of the fold, it is carried forward, drawn slightly out of the grooveS
forming there small ears, and brought out at the other end of the sheet. Both ends
of the thread are mechanically cut so as to leave ends (they may be about 2 conti-
metres long). Machines according to this Invention may be constructed for two
breaks and used in the following manner:-The operator staples a sufficient
quantity of sheets before him on the table of the machine, folds the first break by
a folding knife, and lays the sheet on the machine. Marks, which can be adjusted
according to the size of the sheets, give an exact direction for the laying on. The
other operations, as described, will be effected by the machine itself. When the
sheets are folded and stitched, the operator piles up the number required for the
book, takes a long needle with ordinary two-corded bookbinders' twine, which has
been opened, and passes it through the cars formed at the grooves. The ends of
Price 1021

page_text: thread are glued against the backside of the book. The thickness of the books
that may be bound is unlimited.
The apparatus which cuts the grooves above mentioned can be adjusted to each
size of paper.
Such a machine if mado to fold only two breaks is nevertheless suitable for
folding and binding books in 8° (three breaks), the first one being done by hand.
This is in order to make the machine also useful to smaller binders, as it often
happens that a printed book ends with a half sheet. These half sheets cannot be
folded and stitched by a threo brako machine, but can be done by a two break
machine, the sheet being laid on without making the first fold by hand. However,
machines according to this Invention can bo built for three, four, or more breaks,
and for single and duplex folding, and the details of construction and arrangement
may be otherwise varied to suit circumstances without departure from the essential
characteristics of the Invention.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th
December 1880.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR USE IN BOOKBINDING, AND
WHEREBY FOLDING AND STITCHING ARE EFFECTED." (A communication from
ábroad by Messieurs F. Martini and Company, of Frauenfold, Switzerland.)
This Invention relates to the combination with the folding machinery constructed
on the principle described in the Specification of a former Patent granted to me the
31st day of October 1877 (No. 4049), in respect of an Invention communicated to
me from abroad by Messrs. Martini, Tanner, and Company, of stitching apparatus for
binding. The machinery is constructed in such manner that the sheets which are
laid in are not only folded by it, but also grooves or perforations are cut into their
backs, bookbinders' thread is passed through them, the sheets are pressed through
cylinders and laid out on a receiver. Tho thread passes on one side into the shiect,
and having gone through a small box filled with binders' starch, it sticks to the
inner side of the fold, it is carried forward, drawn slightly out of the grooves
forming there small ears or loops, and brought out at or near the ends of the sheet.
One or both ends of the thread is or are mechanically cut so as to leavo protruding
ends (they may be about 2 centimetres long). Machines according to this Invention
may be constructed for two breaks and used in the following manner:-
Tho operator staples a sufficient quantity of sheets before him on the table of the
machine, folds the first break by a folding knife, and lays the sheet on the machine.
Marks, which can be adjusted according to the size of the sheets, give an exact
direction for the laying on. The other operations, as described, will be effected by
the machine itself. When the sheets are folded and stitched, the operator piles up
the number required for the book, takes a long needle with ordinary two corded
bookbinders' twine, which has been opened, and passes it through the cars or loops
formed at the grooves or perforations. The ends of thread are glued against tho
back side of the book. The thickness of the books that may be bound is
unlimited.
The apparatus which cuts the grooves above mentioned can be adjusted to each
size of paper.
Such a machine, if made to fold only two breaks, is novortheless suitable for
folding and binding books in 8° (three breaks), the first one being done by hand.
This is in order to make the machino also useful to smaller binders, as it often
happens that a printed book ends with a half sheet. These half sheets cannot be
folded and stictched by a three break machine, but can be done by a two break
machine, tho sheet being laid on without making the first fold by hand. However
machines according to this Invention can bo built for three, four, or more breaks,
and for single and duplex folding; and the details of construction and arrangement.
may be otherwise varied to suit circumstances without departure from the essential
characteristics of the Invention.

page_text: Figs. 7,8, and 9, transverse sectional clovations taken at diferent vertical planes
of the machine..
Like letters of reference refer to similar parts throughout the Drawings
a, a, is an iron table screwed to the top of the frames b, m; b, i, is a wooden
table attached to the frame by 'the brackets b, h, on which the sheets to bo folded
are laid. The frames are bolted to the bed plate b, n.
The pointing or marking apparatus a, h, (Fig. 7) is moved by the eccentric b₁
(Figs. 1 and 7) attached to the bevil wheel Y (Fig. 1), acting through tho levor
a, c (Fig. 2), and the connecting rod a, d. The first folding knife A (Figs. 1 and 5)
derives its motion from the compound segment wheel k, which, together with the
two intermittent wheels H & P, were fully described in my former Specification.
The compound segment wheel drives the intermittent wheel H (Fig. 3) fastened on
the shaft G (Fig. 8). On this shaft is also fastened a crank F, which, by means of
the connecting rod E, the forked lover D, as well as the shaft c, c, (Fig. 5) lover C,
and connecting rod B (Fig. 1), gives motion to the knife A.
The break bands 8, 8, 8, 8, (Fig. 7) are fixed to the holding rod t, t, (Fig. 7) and
to the bent bar u, u; at each end u, u, is provided with scrow threads and winged
nuts v, v, and v, v, by means of which the tension of the bands a, a, can be
regulated.
The motion of the second folding knife is produced thus -The intermittent
wheel P (Fig. 3) is driven by the compound segment wheel k; P is fixed on the
shaft O (Fig. 1), to which is also fastened the bevil wheel N¹. The wheel N driven
by N' (Fig. 1) actuates a crank L (Fig. 3), and gives by means of the connecting
rod K motion to the second knife J (Fig. 6).
This knife is provided with three loop formers fixed in slots situated to
correspond accurately with the various sizes of sheets used in bookbinding, and
providing a positive adjustment so that the needles, punches, and loop formers may
always be arranged exactly in the same positions with relation to one another and
with relation to the sheet for a given sizo of sheet.
P. P, (Figs. 3 and 6) are iron bars attached to the brackets d, p (Figs. 2 and 6);
these bars serve to form the third break of the sheets.
In order that the needle slide b may be in a horizontal position when the needles c
and punches d (Fig. 6) penotrate the sheet, and inclined, as shown in Fig. 3, when
the second knifo J passed over it; the guides e of the needle slide bare formed of
two angular pivotted arms centred at c. The upper groove of the needlo slide b is
provided with five small slide blocks, two of which bear the needles c, c (Fig. 6),
and the other three the punches d, d, d (Fig. 6). The positions of these small
slide blocks can be regulated according to the size of the sheet to be folded.
The needle slide b is moved and supported by two rounded projections a¹, which
engage with the jaws of the levers a (Figs. 3 and 9). These levers are fixed to the
shaft Z (Fig. 9), to which is also fastened the lever Z, which receives motion from
the eccentric (Fig. 7) on the shaft X.
The needles c, c, each provided with a hook, penetrate the sheet when the slide b
is moved to the right hand; at the same time the punches d, d, d, (Fig. 6) cut
grooves in the sheet.
The slide n (Figs. 3 and 6) moving vertically up and down carries the fingers (8
Fig. 3) for holding the thread as well as the matrices for the needles and
punches.
The thread is drawn out by the arm Q (Fig. 5) of slide n, n (Fig. 3), then
caught by the fingers 8, cut off by the scissors (Fig. 2), and laid on the needles.
The motion of the slide n (Figs. 3 and 6) is produced by the bent lever (Fig. 3)
receiving motion from an eccentric fastened on the shaft (Figs. 1 and 3); the
down stroke is caused by tho connecting rod m² (Fig. 3), the upstroke by the
spiral spring m (Fig. 3). The closing of the fingers & (Fig. 3) is caused by the two
levers q and q (Figs. 3 and 6); the finger closing apparatus q (Fig. 3) is provided
with two inclined flats, and on being moved downwards by the levers q and q',
closes the fingers. These levers aro fixed on the shaft (Figs. 1 and 6) and

page_text: receive motion from a collar on the connecting rod g, g (Figs. 2 and 6), which at
the same time moves the scissors u (Fig. 2). The connecting rod g, g, is driven by
the eccentric b,, (Fig. 1) and lever b, x (Fig. 2). The arrangement for unlocking
the fingers 8 is as follows:-
h, h, h, h, (Fig. 6) are arms attached to the guide frame of the second knife J;
they carry a cross piece q¹¹ for the purpose of limiting the stroke of the arms q, q',
and the finger closing apparatus q" with relation to the slide as it descends,
and for unlocking the fingers & (Figs. 7 and 3). The thread coming from the
roller,, (Fig. 2) passes on its way to the horizontal clips b, w, (Fig. 5) through
the starch box 1, 1, (Fig. 2) which is provided with a stuffing box in order to
regulate the amount of moisture retained by the thread.
The horizontal clips b, w, are fastened to the arm Q (Fig. 5) which is fixed on
the sliding pieco n, n, (Fig. 3) moving in the guide o, o.
The slide n, n, is actuated as follows:-
To the central shaft (Fig. 3) is fastened a bevel wheel Y (Fig. 7) driving the
bevel wheel W (Fig. 1) fixed on the shaft.
From this shaft Wmotion is transmitted to the slide n, n, by means of the
connecting rod R, lovers S, T, connecting rod U, and crank V.
In order to produce a momentary pause in the motion of the slide n, n, at each
end of its stroke, the connecting rod R (Fig. 1) is attached to it by a pin working
in a slot in the said rod; also, in order to adjust its stroke to the different sizes
of sheets, the position of the pin of the crank V (Fig. 1) can be suitably varied.
The feed rollers g, g', (Fig. 3) lead the sheet to the calendering cylinders ƒ & ƒ',
from whence it continues its way to the receiver.
The bearings of the upper feed rollers are provided with screws and nuts so that
the space between the two rollers can be regulated.
The prolongation of the lower feed roller spindle forms the fly-wheel shaft,
carrying the fly wheel a, 1, (Fig. 8) and the fast and loose pulleys a, h, and a, i.
The spar wheel h (Fig. 8) fixed to the flywheel-shaft drives the intermediate
wheel (Figs. 3 & 8) which gears with the lower spur wheel of the calendering
cylinders as well as the combined segment wheel & (Fig. 3); a, p, (Fig. 3–6) is a rake
for receiving the sheets as they pass from the calendering cylinders to the
receiver a, w, and for laying them in a vertical position in the receiver; in order to
keep the sheets in such vertical position the receiver is provided with a pendulum
clip g, & (Fig. 3) and a wooden angle pieco a, c, which latter, according to the
number of sheets the receiver a, w, contains, is shifted by the movement of the
rake a, p.
According to the size of the sheets under operation the position of q, 8, in vertical
and horizontal direction can be regulated.
The rake a, p, is moved by means of the eccentric b, ƒ (Fig. 1), the levers b, c,
and b, e (Fig. 3), and the connecting rod b, d.
The modus operandi is as follows:-
The first fold of the sheet having been made by hand, the attendant lays it on
the table a, a (Fig. 5), and by means of the squares and the pointing apparatus
puts it in the right position; the first knife makes the second fold standing at the
end of its stroke vertically downwards, as shown by Fig. 1. The sheet is now held
between the press bands 8, 8, & 8, 8 (Fig. 7), and the first knife can go back; whilst
this is occurring the thread slide n, n (Fig. 3), has already reached its extreme
position to the right hand (Fig. 5), the thread having been drawn out, caught by
the fingers, and cut by the scissors; the second knife also stands at the limit of its
travel to the right hand (Fig. 3), and the slide n together with the fingers at
their highest point. Now the needle slide b (Fig. 3), commencing to move to the
right is first brought from the inclined to a horizontal position, then continuing its
movement towards the sheet, the needles penetrate the sheet, and the punches &
(Fig. 6) cut grooves in it. This being performed, the slide b retires so far that the
punches clear their matrices o, and the slide n (Fig. 3) in moving downwards lays
the thread on the needles behind their hooks; at this moment the needle slido

page_text: moving backwards draws the thread already laid on the needle hooks, as above
described, through the sheet; in the meantime the slide n (Fig. 3), going
downwards, gradually opens the fingers 8 (Fig. 3), thus temporarily maintaining
a certain tension in the thread. The needle slide b, on its continued backward
movements, comes against a stop fixed to the guide piece c, and is thus forced to
turn round the pivot e (Fig. 3), in order to allow the second knife J to pass, as
represented by Fig. 3.
Whilst the needle slide b (Fig. 3) is moving backwards, the second knife follows
it as near as possiblo, and its loop-formers, already described as being situate so as
to correspond with the grooves cut by the punches pushing the thread through
the grooves of the slicet, form loops at the back.
The second knife J, at its extreme position to the left hand, touches tho feed
rollers g, gl, Fig. 3, by which the sheet is transported to the calendering cylinders,
and through them to the receiver.
Every folded and finished sheet is thus provided with a thread, forming several
loops on the back of it; the thread is starched to make it stick to the paper, and
the ends of it stand about 2 centimetres through the back of sheet.
The number of sheets required for the books are piled up, and a long needle,
with ordinary bookbinder's twine, is passed through the loops formed at the
grooves, and the ends of thread are glued against the back of the book.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and explained the manner
of carrying it into practical effect, as communicated to me as aforesaid, I would
have it understood that what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as secured to me under the Letters Patont hereinbefore first in part recited is,―
1. The method of drawing threads from a reel or continuous length, pasting,
cutting to the desired lengths, passing the same through sheets to be bound in such
manner as to leave the threads protruding through the sheets in loops as well as at
the ends, all substantially as herein before described.
2. The use of the punches for puncturing the paper in combination with the
needles for passing threads through perforations so formed, substantially as and for
the purpose herein before described.
3. Causing the needles, after their withdrawal from a sheet, to take a position
clear of the course of the folding knife, whereby the removal of the threaded sheet
is effected, substantially as described.
4. Causing the thread to be laid upon the needles by means of fingers controlled
by mechanism, for raising, closing, lowering, and opening them, substantially as
described.
5. The use, in combination with the needles, of fingers and mechanism for
raising, closing, lowering, and opening such fingers, and arrangements whereby
the said fingers may be adjusted to suit various sizes of abeets, substantially as
described.
6. The loop formers, with means of positive adjustment to different sizes of
sheets, substantially as described.
7. The improved combined machino for folding and stiching shoets to be bound,
constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.