IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING COTTON, WOOLLEN, SILK, LINEN, OR OTHER YARNS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Beads, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING COTTON, WOOLLEN, SILK,
LINEN, OR OTHER YARNS."
Sealed the 11th July 1854, and dated the 18th May 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Beads at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
May 1854.
I, JOHN BEADS, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING; SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING
COTTON, WOOLLEN, SILK, LINEN, OR OTHER YARNS" to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to arranging the tin roller or drum in sections
or parts, fixed on a continuous shaft, so that the spindles can be driven, from
any of tho said parts of the tin roller on either side, separately or conjointly.
This improved method of fixing the tin roller is applicable to the mule, the
throstle, the doubling frame, or any of those machines used for preparing,
spinning, or doubling yarns:
}
Secondly, to an improved mode of regulating the tension of the yarn, by a
drag, made of woollen cloth or similar material, resting on the bobbins in the
creel; as the yarn is taken from them to be doubled, this drag, being on each

page_text: bobbin, keeps every single thread on the stretch; so that when two or more of
them are doubled and twisted together, each thread having the same tension
makes the doubled thread stronger and better than it would be if any of them
wero slack. I also have an improved drag on the bobbins or spools con-
taining the doubled yarn. I place a strip of woollen cloth or similar material
on the bobbin or spindle rail; on each spindle I place a loose collar, upon
which I place a disc with a pin, so that the bobbin or spool rests on and
revolves with the disc, the cloth or material acting as a constant drag to keep
the regular tension on the doubled yarn.
Thirdly, I make the arms of the flyer flat on the outside instead of tubular,
with a small notch or guide hole at the extremity. By this contrivance I am
enabled to make the arms shorter than usual; and, having a thicker substance
at the extremity in contact with the yarn, the flyer will last longer, and the short
arms enable me to drive the flyer at a greater speed.
Fourthly, I make the creel in which the bobbins with the single threads are
placed with bolsters, for the ends of the spindles to revolve in, of a curved shape,
with bevil edges, by which means the bobbins can be easily taken out and
replaced, and they work or revolve with much less friction than those in
ordinary use.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Beads in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th
November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN BEADS,
of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Beads, Her special licence that I, the said John Beads, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Beads,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS POR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING COTTON, WOOLLEN,

page_text: SILK, LINEN, OR OTHER YARNS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Beads, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Royal Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Beads, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say)-
My Invention relates, firstly, to an improved shape or construction of the
flyer used in spinning and doubling yarns, and consists of making the arm of
the flyer flat or solid instead of tubular, with a small notch or guide hole
at the extremity. By this contrivance I am enabled to make the arnis shorter
than they are usually made; and having a thicker substance at the end in con-
tact with the yarn, the flyer will last much longer, and the shortness of the
arms enable me to drive the spindles at a greater speed than can be done with
the flyers now in general use.
Secondly, to an improved mode of regulating the tension of the yarn, by a
peculiar drag, made of woollen cloth, felt, or any similar material, which lies or
rests on the bobbins in the crecl; as the yarn is taken from them to be doubled
or twisted, this drag being on each bobbin, keeps every single thread on the
stretch; so that when two or more of them are doubled or twisted, each thread
having the same amount of tension, makes the doubled thread stronger and
better than it would be if any of them were slack. I also have an improved
drag on the bobbins or spools containing the doubled yarn, and which consists
of placing a strap of woollen cloth, felt, or similar material on the bobbin or
spindle rail; and on each spindle I place a loose collar or disc, so that the
bobbin or spindle rests on and revolves with it, the cloth or material acting as
a constant drag to keep the regular tension on the doubled yarn.
Thirdly, to an improved shape or construction of the bobbin, on which thero
are projections, or fast creel pegs, with or without notches at both ends, so that
the end which happens to be nearest the drag can be placed in it without loss
of time, the same bobbin answering in all positions.
Fourthly, to an improvement in the construction of that part of the creel or
frame in which the bobbins with the single threads revolve. I make that
part on which the ends of the bobbin revolve with bolsters of a curved shape,
with bevil edges, by which they work with much less friction than those in
ordinary use, and they can be taken out and replaced with ease and facility.

page_text: Fifthly, to an improved method of constructing the tin roller or drum in
sections or parts, fixed on a continuous shaft, so that the spindles can bo
driven from any of the said parts of the tin roller on either side separately or
conjointly. This improved method of constructing the tin roller or drum is
applicable to the mule, the throstle, the doubling frame, or any of those
machines used for preparing, spinning, or doubling yarns.
Sixthly, to an improved mode of applying a tube passing through the lifting
frame, so as to give an encreased speed of the spindles.
Seventhly, to an improved arrangement for pin-winding.
These my improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which the same letters of reference are
used to represent the same parts in all the Figures.
Fig. 1 is an end elevation of the principal parts of a doubling frame with my
improvements attached; Fig. 2 is a back view of a portion of the same; Fig. 8,
an end view of my improved flyer; Fig. 4, an enlarged view of my flexible
drag; Figs. 5 and 6, detached views drawn to an enlarged scale of my improved
bobbin Fig. 7, an elevation of part of the bobbin attached to my improved
drag; Fig. 8, a plan of the drag; Fig. 9 shows another method of applying a
drag to the various kinds of bobbins now in use; Fig. 10 is a plan of another
drag; Fig. 11, a section of my improved mode of attaching to the roller shaft
the tin roller or drum in sections of any convenient lengths; Fig. 12 is an
outside view, and Fig. 13 a section, of my mode of fixing a tube to one of the
fixed rails, for the purpose of gaining an encreased speed of the spindles, the
lifting rail working independent of the spindle; Fig. 14, an elevation of my
improved bobbin or creel frame, and Fig. 15 is a plan thereof. a represents
an end frame of the machine; b, the driving shaft; c, the pully; d, the gear;
e, tin roller or drum; f, the lifting frame; g, the spindle; and h, the flyer. At
the back of the machine I attach the frame i, having a suitable number of ver-
tical standards k, for tho purpose of supporting the bobbins l. The standards k
are furnished with projections m, having holes in them, through which wires
are passed for the purpose of carrying the flexible drags n, seen on an enlarged
scale at Fig. 4. These drags are made of any required weight, and may be
made of woollen cloth, felt, or other suitable material which has
surface, and they overlap the bobbins at all diameters, giving the resistance
required to keep each thread at a regular and constant tension, in order to
produce a strong and level thread; as it is evident that if one strand of the
doubled thread be stretched more than the others, it will give way and break,
thereby weakening the thread very materially. Supported in the bracket or
brackets o are one or more rods p, extending the entire length of the machine,
rough

page_text: over which the yarns 9 are carried to the rollers and flyers, which latter differ
from those in ordinary use by having the arms flat or solid instead of tubular,
with a sinall notch and eyelet hole for the yarn to pass through, as seen at
Fig. 3. By this contrivance I am enabled to make the arms of the flyer much
shorter than usual; and having a thicker substance at the extremity of the
arm in contact with the yarn, the flyer will last much longer, and the shortness
of the arms enable me to drive the flyer at a greater speed than can be dono
by the present flyers. I divide the tin roller or drum into any convenient
number of lengths or sections, see Fig. 11, and solder the ends of their peri-
pheries to rims on the plates r, having the bosses & fitting the shaft t, which is
kept steady by suitable bearings. In the bosses s are the set screws u fixing
firmly the tin rollers to the shaft. In the drum are the holes v, to which a
key is passed, for the purpose of acting on the set screws u. At Fig. 5 is
shewn a side view, and Fig. 6 a plan, of one of my improved bobbins, both ends
having similar projections of any required size w, and the notches x, by which
they can be adjusted to the drags y almost instantaneously, as they fit the pro-
jections, which correspond with the notches a in the bobbin, as seen in
Fig. 7. A top view of the drag and the projections is shewn at Fig. 8, which
may be made of any desired weight. Another mode of applying the drag is
shown in Figs. 9 and 10. The bobbin a' has a pin-hole, into which the pin b¹
enters, and is fixed to the drag c'. At Fig. 5 is a view of a bobbin with
fast crecl pegs, but without holes or notches, which improvement I adopt for
drum-winding or other similar purposes. At Fig. 12 I shew an outside view,
and at Fig. 13 a section, of my mode of applying a tubular bearing to the top
of the spindle. d, e, are both fixed frames or rails extending along the front
of the machine; f is the lifting rail or frame, and is furnished with a drag g'.
In the frame el is a bush or bearing h', and connected with it is the tubo k',
which extends nearly to the top of the spindle l', forming for it a bearing, thus
affording a great steadiness and power of obtaining great encrease of speed.
The bobbin is placed over the tube and fits the drag, as before described. My
bobbin or crecl frame, part of which is seen in elevation at Fig. 14, and in
plan at Fig. 15, is an arrangement of great economy and convenience. The
standards m' are placed diagonally, and have the bearings n' open towards
the top, suited to the projecting ends w of the bobbins, which latter can
be removed when empty, and replaced when full, with great facility. The
standards m' are kept firm by the transverse frames o', which are furnished with
projections p', which have holes in them, for the purpose of supporting the
vertical rods q', over which the threads from the bobbins to the warping engine
pass. At Figs. 16, 17, and 18, I shew the application of the bobbin, as

page_text: shown at Fig. 5, to twist-winding, either for doubling or warping, using the
spindle r', which supports and carries the cup s', mounted with any suitable
material for a drag, upon which I place the bobbin t', the projecting end of
which enters the hollow of the cup. Figs. 19, 20, and 21 are views of my
improved arrangement for pin-winding, in which the pin bobbin u fits the
bush v', on the top of the hollow spindle w³, of which the pully or wharve a¹
forms a part, and turn on the fixed pin y', attached to the frame or rail ¹. By
this arrangement the pin bobbin can be taken out without having to change a
spindle.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
I desire it to be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the exact
details herein set forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing
from the principle thereof; but I claim as of my Invention,―
Firstly, the improved flyer.
Secondly, the improved drag.
Thirdly, the improved bobbin.
Fourthly, the improved creel or frame.
Fifthly, the improved tin roller or drum.
Sixthly, the improved mode of applying a tube which passes through the
lifting frame.
And, seventhly, to an improved arrangement for pin-winding, as all such
improvements are herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet
of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Beads, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-four.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named John Beads, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JOHN BEADS. (L.8.)