Improvements in or in connection with the Construction of Drains and Sewers, more particularly in Pipe and Channel Bends for the same.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd May, 1898-Accepted, 9th July, 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or in connection with the Construction of Drains
and Sewers, more particularly in Pipe and Channel Bends for the
same.
I, EDWARD ALBERT GREEN, of Rock Street, in the City and County of Sheffield,
Building Surveyor to the City Urban Authority, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to facilitate the laying of drains and sewers,
where bends of various angles occur, so that whilst keeping a large stock of the
usual number only of different angles of bends, the advantage of a much larger
number of different angles of bends is obtained, in fact so that whilst there are
say three different angles only viz.:-30, 60 and 90 degrees in the stocked bends,
nine different angles of bend in the line of drains or sewers viz.: 10, 20, 30, 40,
50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 degrees are provided for.
And in order that my invention and the manner in which the same is to be
performed may be more readily and clearly understood I have annexed hereto
the accompanying sheet of drawings to which reference is had in the following
description.
My invention consists in forming the bends for the same radius of bend and
size of pipe or channel of three different axial lengths, and with the axial
direction of the socket end at three different angles, to wit, 30, 60 and 90 degrees
to the axial direction of the spigot end, or more accurately at angles of 60, 30
and 0 degrees with the plane of the spigot end, as shewn by the axial lines a b c,
debc and f g ebc of Fig. 1 respectively; the axial length a b c being prefer-
ably the greatest, and f g e b c the shortest.
In every case two incisions are made round the outside or inside of the spigot
end, along the lines or planes hi and ji respectively, these lines or planes being
at angles of 10 degrees and 20 degrees respectively with the line or plane ki of
the spigot end. These three lines or planes intersect at a point i, situated at a
distance ci from the centre of the spigot end equal or thereabouts to the outside
diameter of the pipe or channel. The depth of the incisions are such, that
the portion of the spigot end marked off by them can be readily broken off,
leaving a comparitively clean and even surface, without risk of breaking the
pipe or channel. To prevent or lessen the risk of these ends being broken off
inadvertently during handling or storing, the incisions are not carried all the
way round the pipe or channel, but are stopped short at the top and bottom as
shewn at m and n in Fig. 1. These solid portions are cut or nicked by means
of a chisel, prior to knocking off the end. In order to avoid any risk of the pipe
giving way along the line i, when the end is being knocked off along the
line hi, and as the pipe or channel would otherwise be more liable to break along
the line i from an accidental blow during storage or handling than along the
line hi, the solid portion m is preferably left about double the width of the part n.
In order to ensure proper socketing, the axial direction p.c. of the spigot end
is preferably not exactly at right angles to the plane of the spigot end ki, but

page_text: makes an angle of about 83 degrees therewith, and the internal diameter of the
pipe or channel about the liners is contracted by about one sixteenth of the pipe
or channel diameter.
The figures drawn to a smaller scale shew the nine different angular bends,
which can be obtained from the three bends shewn superposed in Fig. 1, by
breaking off the spigot ends along the incision lines hi and ji as required; the
use of which it is evident will enable any desired angle of deviation in the line
of sewers or drains to be readily and immediately obtained, and save loss of time
in searching out or waiting for the making of any particular angle of bend, or
in nicking and breaking off to suit such desired bend.
It will be evident that the nature of my invention is not altered if the bends
are made in the first instance of any other number of other different angles;
for example, four, of 22°, 45°, 772° and 90 degrees respectively; and the
spigot end with one or more incisions at correspondingly suitable angles to the
face of the spigot end, in the example cited, say one incision at an angle of
11 degrees to the face of the spigot end.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The construction of pipe and channel bends, in which the axial line of the
socket end is at an angle of 60 degrees or thereabouts, or 30 degrees or there-
abouts, or parallel or thereabouts to the plane of the spigot end; and the axial
line of the spigot end at an angle of 83 to 90 degrees or thereabouts with the plane
of the spigot end; and in which two incisions are made on the outside or inside
of the spigot end, the planes of the two incisions being respectively inclined 10
and 20 degrees to the plane of the spigot end, the common line of intersection
of the three planes being situated at a distance from the centre of the pipe equal
to the outside diameter of the pipe or thereabouts.
2. In the manufacture or construction of bends for pipes and channels, the
formation of incisions round the outside or inside of the spigot end, substantially
as and for the purpose herein set forth.
3. In the manufacture or construction of bends for pipes and channels, the
formation of incisions round the outside or inside of the spigot end and the con-
traction of the diameter of the bend, substantially as and for the purposes herein
set forth.
4. The construction of pipe and channel bends having the same diameter and
radius in sets, in which the axial line of the socket end of one bend is at an
angle a simple fraction of 90 degrees to the plane of the spigot end; and the
corresponding angle of the other bends successive multiples of the first angle up
to 90 degrees; and the axial line of the spigot end at an angle of from 83 to
90 degrees with the plane of the spigot end; and in which incisions are made
on the outside or inside of the spigot end, the plane of the incision or incisions
being inclined at half or or a simple fraction and successive multiples such
simple fraction of the first angle to the plane of the spigot end, the common line
of the intersection of the planes of incision and the plane of the spigot end being
situated at a distance from the centre of the pipe equal to the outside diameter
of the pipe or thereabouts.
5. The manufacture or construction of bends for pipes and channels substan-
tially as herein set forth and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
6. In the construction of drains and sewers the use of channel and pipe bends
manufactured or constructed substantially as herein set forth and illustrated.
Dated this 2nd day of May 1898
J. CLARK JEFFERSON,
30, Park Row, Leeds, Agent for Applicant.