Year: 1888

page_text: · I; WILHELM ALBER of 4 Kochstrasse, Berlin in the kingdom of Prussia, Enameller"
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention has for its object the production of a strong and quickly setting
cement which may after setting be dissolved by suitable means so that objects which
have been united by the cement may thereafter be separated if desired without
damage.
Known Cements of a similar character generally possess qualities which render
them imperfect or inconvenient. Thus they may set very slowly rendering it
necessary to keep the objects being operated on in one position until the cement has
set; or they may be not strong enough to cause the objects to adhere firmly or
if strong enough, the objects cemented cannot be separated without injury; or
the cement may be gradually acted upon by the atmosphere thereby reducing its
adhesive power. On the other hand, some cements set so quickly that their use is very
difficult. If for example it is desired to cement letters to glass by such cements,
a correction in the position of the letters would be difficult.
I have found by experiment that by adding Manganese borate to a cement
consisting of Lead oxide and Linseed Oil, the cement becomes very hard. Further,
if the cement is treated with Turpentine before its application, it may subsequently -
be dissolved by the use of suitable solvents such as alcohol and ether mixtures, even
after some years, thereby permitting the cement to be used in a very thin layer and
effecting an economy of the material. By adding finely powdered alcoholised litharge
free from copper, the setting of the cement may be accelerated and its adhesive power
increased.
A strong, quickly setting cement which may be dissolved after some years by
means of alcohol or ether mixtures may be made in the following manner :-Pure
oxide of lead is saturated with bleached linseed oil, and to from 6 to 8 parts of the
saturated lead oxide, there are added from 2 to 3 parts of venice turpentine, 1-5 to 2
parts of finely powdered alcoholised litharge and 0.5 to 1 part of manganese
borate

page_text: This cement is not deteriorated after use by variations in the atmospheric tempera-
ture or by the action of the atmosphere which on the contrary, appears to strengthen
it. If protected from contact with the atmosphere before use, the cement will keep
for a long time, but when used it hardens very quickly under the action of the air.
A mixture of 8 parts of strong alcohol with 2 parts of sulphuric ether will dissolve
the cement, so that by means of this liquid cemented objects such as glass, marble,
stone, metal, etc., may be separated without damage, whilst a forcible separation
cannot be effected without destroying or injuring the object. The cement made
as hereinbefore described may be used in very small quantities, and so that the edges
only of the objects to be cemented need be covered with a thin layer of cement. The
objects are then brought into contact when they at once firmly adhere together.
The cement is suitable for uniting flat objects such as medals, dials, scales, etc.,
for affixing letters, ornaments, enamels, metals, celluloid and the like upon glass,
marble, metallic surfaces, walls and similar objects.
The cement may be produced in any desired colour by the addition of mineral
colours free from lime.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is
A cement composed of oxide of lead saturated with linseed oil and mixed with
venice turpentine, litharge, and manganese borate; substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described.
Date : 10
1
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Date of Application, 11th May, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 30th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 2nd Mar., 1889
I, EDWIN HORATIO HARGRAVES, of Gerald Road, Lower Broughton, Salford,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
The improvements relate to finishing cotton goods and other fabrics, such as
linen, mixtures of linen and cotton and the like, and have for object the production
of a better appearance and what is technically known as "feel," than at present
obtains.
At the present time various substances are used in the finish of cotton goods
and analogous fabrics, such as farina or starch, Iceland moss, flour, china clay, and other
minerals or combinations of mineral and vegetable substances of the nature indicated,
for the purpose of giving "body" or "backing" to the fabric, and also to obtain the
required finish or appearance to the face thereof.
al
Now to effect my improvements I employ a vegetable substance or substances of
new character, or in a new form, for the object in view; whereby I obtain much
superior and improved results in the finishing of cotton goods and analogous
fabrics.
I accomplish this by reducing vegetable fibrous substances to a state of pulp or
flock, by preference finely divided indeed; but fair results may be obtained by
moderate subdivision.
The vegetable substances most suitable for this purpose, are such as cotton, flix,
jute, wood, paper pulp, and the like. These substances, or mixtures thereof,, I
employ with farina, starch, or mineral substances, or combinations, or it may be
alone, to the cotton or other analogous goods, in manner and by the means similar or
like unto the ordinary mechanical processes at present employed with the substances
now in use.
Variations in the proportions of "pulp" or "flock" with other substances may be
made without departing from the peculiar character of this invention, which consists
in the employment of vegetable pulp or flock in the finishing of cotton goods or other
fabrics.
WILLIAM GADD,
Agent.

page_text: mprovements in finishing Colton Goods anⱭ other Fabrics.
I, EDWIN HORATIO HARGRAVES, of Gerald Road, Lower Broughton,. Salford,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The improvements relate to finishing cotton goods and other fabrics, such as
linen, mixtures of linen and cotton and the like, and have for object the production
of a better appearance and what is technically known as. "feel," than at present
obtains.
At the present time various substances are used in the finish of cotton goods and
analogous fabrics, such as farina or starch, Iceland moss, flour, china clay, and other
minerals or combinations of mineral and vegetable substances of the nature indicated,
for the purpose of giving "body" or "backing" to the fabric, and also to obtain
the required finish or appearance to the face thereof.
Now to effect my improvements, I employ a vegetable substance or substances
of a new character, or in a new form, for the object in view; whereby I obtain
much superior and improved results in the finishing of cotton goods and analogous
fabrics.
I accomplish this by reducing vegetable fibrous substances to a state of pulp or
flock, by preference finely divided indeed, but fair results may be obtained by moderate,
subdivision.
The vegetable substances most suitable for this purpose, are such as cotton, flax,
jute, wood, paper pulp, and the like.
These substances, or mixtures thereof, I apply with farina, starch, or mineral
substances, or combinations, or it may be alone, to the cotton or other analogous
goods, in manner and by the means similar or like unto the ordinary mechanical
processes at present employed with the substances now in use.
Any suitable means may be employed for reducing the wood, cotton, jute, flax,
paper, or like vegetable substance, to a finely divided pulp, either in a dry or wet
state, and when such pulp is, by means of water, brought to the requisite workable.
consistency whether compounded or not with other vegetable or mineral substances
it is applied and fixed to the cloth or fabric to be finished in manner and
by machinery similar to that at present in use for finishing purposes.
.
a
By preference, I compound the finely reduced vegetable "flock"..or "pulp," with
portion of farina, flour, or other "binding substance, but in some cases these may
be dispensed with.
Variations in the proportions of "pulp" or "flock" with other substances, or to
the surface area of the cloth, may be made without departing from the peculiar
character of the invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
1 claim is
-
The application of "pulp" or "flock," in a finely divided state, produced from
wood, cotton, jute, flax, paper, or similar fibrous vegetable substances, to the finishing
of cotton goods; whether such flock be used with water, alone, or in combination
with flour farina and the like, or with the mineral substances at present in use; for
the purpose, and in manner substantially as herein described.
Dated this 29th day of January 1889.
WILLIAM GADD, C.E.,
64, Barton Arcade, Manchester,
Agent.