IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OILS AND FATTY MATTERS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Antoine Fidelis Cossus, of Cagliari, in the Kingdom
of Sardinia, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OILS AND
FATTY MATTERS."
Sealed the 3rd August 1855, and dated the 21st May 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Antoine Fidelis Cossus at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1855.
I, ANTOINE FIDELIS Cossus, of Cagliari, in the Kingdom of Sardinia, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING
OILS AND FATTY MATTERS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in treating and purifying oils and fatty matters in
the following manner:-The matters are mixed with carbonized peat and
schiste, which is added as powder to the fluid, oil, or fatty matter; then when
the carbonized peat and schiste has produced its full effect, the mixture is run
into a filter, in which the fluid portions pass through several partitions covered.
with fabric, each successive partition being covered with a finer fabric than
that through which the fluid last passed. After this process of filtration the
oil or fat is finally cleared, by being passed through unsized paper stretched
over a cylindrical or other suitably formed frame.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Antoine Fidelis Cossus in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 19th November 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANTOINE
FIDELIS COSSUS, of Cagliari, in the Kingdom of Sardinia, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Antoine Fidelis Cossus, Her special-licence that I, the said
Antoine Fidelis Cossus, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Antoine Fidelis Cossus, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
Fat-all-times-thereafter-during-the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OILS AND FATTY MATTERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Antoine Fidelis Cossus, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Antoine Fidelis Cossus, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say):-
This Invention consists in treating and purifying oils and fatty matters in
the following manner:-The matters are mixed with carbonized peat and
schiste, which is added as powder to the fluid oils or fatty matter; then when
the carbonized peat and schiste has produced its full effect, the mixture is run
into a filter, in which the fluid portions pass through several partitions covered
with fabric, each successive partition being covered with a finer fabric than that
through which the fluid last passed. After this process of filtration, the oil or
fat is finally cleared, by being passed through unsized paper stretched over a
cylindrical or other suitably formed frame.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figures 1 show, in elevation and plan, the form of apparatus which I prefer
to employ for mixing the purifying or bleaching matters with the oils or fatty
matters. C is a vessel divided into two compartments; the upper compart-
ment G receives the oil or fatty matter to be treated. The lower compartment
H, which communicates with the spaces O, O, arranged round the upper
compartment G, receives hot water or other heating agent to heat the matters
contained in the compartment G. I mix with the crude oil or fatty matter
carbonized peat and schiste, in the proportion of about six parts thereof to one
hundred parts of crude oil or fatty matter. The mixing is effected by means
of the scrow blades E, E, e, e, fixed on the axis P, to which motion is given
by means of the cord and the pulley z. The stirring or mixing should bo
continued during twenty-four hours, and the temperature may vary from
100° to 160° Fahrenheit for oils, and for other fatty matters a higher tempe-
rature may be employed, according to the nature of the substance. S is a
cock for running off the water used for heating the apparatus; and the cock R,
which is opened at the end of the mixing operation, permits the oil or fatty
matter to flow to the filtering apparatus, which I will now proceed to describe.
Figures 2 are a vertical section and a plan of this filtering apparatus. A is a
receiver with a funnel-shaped bottom. a, b, c, d, are circular perforated par-
titions, which are made slightly conical and fit into sockets e, f, g, h, formed in
the funnel-shaped bottom. All these perforated partitions are covered with
fabrics, which are made fiuer and finer from a to d. is the junction which
connects the filtering apparatus with the mixing vat, Figure 1. T is a tube
by which the oil or fatty matter escapes from this first filtering apparatus to
the apparatus shown at Figure 3, where the filtration is completed. Figures 8
show a vertical and a horizontal section of the second filtering apparatus,
which communicates with the first by the tube T, which should be eight or
ten feet long. M is a cylindrical receiver; and N is a perforated cylinder,
placed concentric to the outer one and connected to the cover V, between
which and the cylinder M a water-tight joint is made. The perforated
cylinder N is covered with a tube of flannel, which is tied to the cylinder at
the top and bottom. Over the flannel is placed a tube, formed of sheets of
filtering paper, which are connected together and to the cylinder N at top and

page_text: bottom by paste. The paper tube should be made very considerably larger
than the cylinder N, and then its diameter should be reduced by folding, so
as to produce longitudinal corrugations, by which a larger amount of filtering
surface is obtained than if the tube were made at first to the required size.
Over the paper is drawn another tube of flannel, which is also attached to
the cylinder N at both ends by tying. The oil or fatty matter enters the
space between the cylinders M and N; and as the filtration proceeds, the
purified and filtered oil or fatty matter escapes by the tubo P and the cock R.
When the filtering fabrics become clogged by use, and the filtration no longer
proceeds freely, they are removed and replaced by others, and the fabrics which
are taken off are placed in a bag and plunged into boiling water, to extract oil
or fatty matter with which they were satuarated.
I would remark, that if the fatty matter operated on is solid at ordinary
temperatures, the filters, Figures 2 and 3, must be heated artificially.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the exact details described; but what I claim is, the treating oils and fatty
matters with calcined schiste and peat, and afterwards filtering them, in the
manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Antoine Fidelis Cossus, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
MCB SAUTTER.
ANTOINE FIDELIS COSSUS. (L.E.)