IMPROVE- MENTS IN HARROWS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Hammond Bentall, of IIeybridge, in
the County of Essex, Ironfounder, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HARROWS."
Sealed the 27th April 1853, and dated the 28th February 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Hammond
Bentall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th February 1853.
I, EDWARD HAMMOND BENTALL, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS" to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in making the framework of harrows of
wrought iron angle iron instead of wood or cast iron, or straight, flat, or
square bars of wrought iron. By this means great strength is combined
with lightness, considering the quantity of material required; and a con-
siderable economy both of labour in construction, as well as of material,
is produced.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Hammond Bentall, in the Great Seal
Patent Office, on the 27th August 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
EDWARD HAMMOND BENTALL, of Heybridge, in the County of Essex,
Ironfounder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, Her
special licence that I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edward Hammond Bentall, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):
My Invention of "Improvements in Harrows" relates to an im-
proved mode of making or constructing the framework of harrows so as
to obtain lightness as well as strength, and consists in making the said

page_text: framework of wrought angle iron instead of wood, or flat, square, or
round bars of wrought iron. By this means great strength is combined
with lightness, considering the quantity of material required; and a con-
both of labour in construction, as well as of material,
siderable economy
is obtained.
The bars and beams of which the framework of the harrow is to be
composed consist simply of bars of iron either flanged or ribbed in
their section. These bars and beams are bent to the required form, and
holes are punched through them at those places where the teeth are in-
tended to be inserted. The holes of the longitudinal and transverse
bars having been brought into coincidence, the bars and beams are con-
nected together by means of the teeth or tines of the harrow, which may
be fixed and secured in the holes by means of nuts that are screwed on
to their upper ends, or in any other convenient manner.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn sectional views of two
forms of bar iron, which I propose to use in carrying out my improve-
ments.
Fig. 1, represents a section of a bar of iron with projecting flanges
at each side. Fig. 2, is a modification of Fig. 1, its section being
somewhat similar to that of the double T rail used on railways. The
advantage of these or analogous forms is, that the flanges or projections
add greatly to the strength and rigidity of the bar without considerably
augmenting the weight. A variety of other forms might be given,
having ribs, flanges, or projections made on the sides to obtain the same
effect: I do not, therefore, intend to confine myself to the precise forms
shewn.
Fig. 3, is a plan view, and Fig. 4, a sectional view, on an
enlarged scale, of part of a harrow constructed according to my
improvements. It will be seen, on referring to Fig. 4, that the
transverse bars are placed on the longitudinal bars, with their flanges
downwards. By this means I obtain a long bearing for the teeth or
tines, and thereby prevent them from shaking or moving laterally.
Fig. 5, is another section, being a modification of the above, the
only difference being that the transverse bars are made of flat bar iron
without flanges.
This latter form will be found exceedingly useful

page_text: where very great transverse strength is not required, the principal
strain being in a longitudinal direction.
Having now described my Invention, and the best means with which
I am at present acquainted for carrying the same into effect, I claim, in
conclusion, the exclusive right to construct the frame-work of harrows
principally of bars of wrought iron, having flanges, ribs, or projections
on the sides thereof, as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of
August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-three
E. H. BENTALL. (L.S.)
Witness, J. W. MOFFATT, 66, Chancery Lane.