IMPROVEMENTS IN HARVESTING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William George Manwaring, of Banbury, in the County
of Oxford, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARVESTING
MACHINES." Partly a communication from abroad by C. W. Marsh, of
Sycamore, Illinois, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William George Manwaring
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1880.
WILLIAM GEORGE MANWARING, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HARVESTING MACHINES." Partly a communication from
abroad by C. W. Marsh, of Sycamore, Illinois, United States of America.
The object of this Invention is to enable the sheaves to be tied with a knotted
cord instead of with a twisted wire, and for regulating the size of the sheaves in
machines otherwise constructed generally according to the Specification to Letters
Patent granted to Bernhard Samuelson, dated the 6th February 1880, No. 530, that
is to say, machines in which the sheaf is dropped on the ground, after being tied,
between the platform and the travelling wheel.
According to one modification of this Invention the string is held in the first
instance by a nipping apparatus at one end and a reel at the other, and the grain
is forced against it by the progress of the apron or chain platform, thus forming a
bow; a needle then descends carrying a sufficient quantity of string off the reel,
and brings the string to the nipping apparatus previously mentioned. Both the
end of the string before mentioned, and the string so carried down, are then laid
hold of by a knotter, and after the knot has been formed the string is severed by a
cutter consisting, by preference, of a vertical knife combined with a jaw forming
part of the nipping apparatus.
The needle is carried in a vibrating arm, the path of which may be produced by
a crank pin moving in the slotted end of the said arm furthest from the needle;
the shaft carrying the crank pin may be placed on the frame which contains the
driving wheel. The sheaf whilst being tied is supported on the side opposite to

page_text: the string by one or more cradles. The same shaft also, by preference, carries the
requisite cams or their equivalents for giving motion to a kicker which embraces
the sheaf and discharges it after it is bound. The apparatus for tying the sheaf
contains a knotting arrangement which partially resembles that described in the
Specification to Letters Patent granted to Thomas Robert Hay Fisken, dated the
13th November 1877, No. 4242, that is to say, in so far as the cord, for the purpose
of forming the knot, is held between jaws formed respectively on an internal and
external shaft, of which the former passes through the latter and has a longitudinal
movement within the same, both shafts having a rotating movement in common.
This apparatus also contains a trigger similar to that describod in the last mentioned
Specification, for the purpose of disengaging the loop from the knotter shaft during
the progress of the formation of the knot. The knotter shaft lies under a continua-
tion of a carrier platform placed like that employed in the arrangement described
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Bernhard Samuelson as aforesaid,
dated the 6th February 1880, No. 530, and receives its various movements by arms
placed severally at the back of and under the carrier platform or its continuation;
all the movements of the binding and delivering apparatus are derived in any
convenient way from the main carrying wheel.
The arrangement above described may be partially varied as follows:-―The
relative position of the travelling wheel and platform being still retained as in the
Specification of Bernhard Samuelson's Letters Patent as aforesaid.
The grain is removed from the platform by reciprocating or rotating packing
arms, and forced by these arms against a retaining plate or forks; these forks
communicate motion by suitable means when sufficient grain has been collected to
a binding device, the needle of which consists, by preference, of a vibrating arm, as
before mentioned.
In one form of this arrangement the packer arms have to carry the grain up a
slight incline.
The kicker may consist of an arm to which motion is given by the knotter
shaft.
Instead of the hollow shaft arrangement the binding device may consist of a
tying shaft and knotter hook, across which latter the string is laid by the needle
through the intervention of a guide.
The knotter hook has a jaw pivotted thereon, and which is forced against the hook
and released from contact with it by a spring or cam. The revolution of the
tying shaft with its knotter hook and jaw actuated by suitable gearing from the
retaining plate or forks causes the knot to be tied. In this arrangement the knotter
shaft lies above instead of below the continuation of the platform on which the
grain falls when cut.
▲ separate horizontal cutter may in this arrangement be substituted for a vertical
knife and jaw.
The butts of the cut grain may be moved end ways along the slight incline by
means of a plate or small endless apron.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William George Manwaring in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th June 1881.
WILLIAM GEORGE MANWARING, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HARVESTING MACHINES." Partly a communication from
abroad by C. W. Marsh, of Sycamore, Illinois, United States of America.
The object of the said Invention is to enable the sheaves to be tied with a
knotted cord instead of with a twisted wire, and regulating the size of the sheaves
in machines otherwise constructed generally according to the Specification to
Letters Patent granted to Bernhard Samuelson, dated the Sixth February, One
thousand eight hundred and eighty, No. 530, that is to say, machines in which the
sheaf is dropped on the ground, after being tied, between the platform and the
travelling wheel.
forming a b
the reel, and
Both the en
According to one modification of the present Invention the string is held in the
first instance by a nipping apparatus at one end and a reel at the other, and the
grain is for against it by the progress of the apron or chain platform, thus
A needle then descends carrying a sufficient quantity of string off
ngs the string to the nipping apparatus previously mentioned.
the string before mentioned and the string so carried down are
then laid hoi, of by a knotter, and after the knot has been formed the string is
severed by a utter consisting by preference of a vertical knife combined with a
jaw forming part of the nipping apparatus.
The needle is carried in a vibrating arm, the path of which may be produced by
a crank pin moving in the slotted end of the said arm furthest from the needle; the
shaft carrying the crank pin may be placed on the frame which contains the driving
wheel. The sheaf whilst being tied is supported on the side opposite to the string
by one or more cradles. The same shaft also, by preference, carries the requisite
cams or other equivalents for giving motion to a kicker which embraces the sheaf
and discharges it after it is bound. The apparatus for tying the sheaf contains a
knotting arrangement which partially resembles that described in the Specifications
to Letters Patent granted to Thomas Robert Hay Fiskin, dated the Thirteenth
November, One thousand eight hundred and seventy seven, No. 4242, that is to
say, in so far as the string for the purpose of forming the knot is held between
jaws formed respectively on an internal and external shaft, of which the former
passes through the latter and has a longitudinal movement within the same, both
shafts having a rotating movement in common. This apparatus also contains a
trigger similar to that described in the last mentioned Specification for the purpose
of disengaging the loop from the knotter shaft during the progress of the formation
of the knot. The knotter shaft lies under a continuation of a carrier platform
placed like that employed in arrangement described in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to Bernhard Samuelson, as aforesaid, dated the Sixth
February, One thousand eight hundred and eighty, No. 530, and receives its various
movements by cams placed severally at the back of and under the carrier platform
or its continuation. All the movements of the binding and delivering apparatus
are derived in any convenient way from the main carrying wheel.
It should be observed that important features of the present Invention, as
distinguished from the arrangements described in the Specification of Bernhard
Samuelson before referred to, are first, the construction and mode of actuating the
needle, and secondly, the employment of string knotting in place of wire tying
apparatus. These features I shall fully hereinafter describe.
A self acting contrivance may in some cases be employed in lieu of the action of
:

page_text: the attendant for setting in motion the binding device. For this purpose the grain
is removed from the platform by reciprocating or rotating packing arms, and forced
by these arms against a retaining plate or one or more forks. These forks
communicate motion to the binding device when sufficient grain has been collected
to form a sheaf.. I shall now proceed particularly to describe, by the aid of the
several Figures on Sheets and 2 of the four Sheets of Drawings hereunto
annexed, the several arrangements hereinbefore referred to, including that form of
the self acting contrivance in which rotating packing arms are employed; I show
and describe only such parts of the entire harvesting machine as are essential in
order to render the new arrangements intelligible.
Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, represents an end view of
the packing, binding, and discharging devices.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
Figure 3 (on Sheet 2) is an elevation.
Figure 4, a plan, and Figure 5, a vertical section of the knotting device;
Figure 5 is a detail plan of the cutter.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all these
Figures.
On the same shaft as that which carries the travelling wheel A there is firmly
mounted a spur wheel giving motion by means of a pinion to a first motion shaft.
This shaft carries a bevil wheel gearing into a pinion on A¹, the second motion
shaft. (The spur wheel first motion shaft and bevil wheel are not shewn in the
Drawings.) The second motion shaft A' carries a chain wheel B, giving motion to
another chain wheel B¹, which, together with B2, is cast on a sleeve B₁. The two
wheels and the sleeve are hung on a long pin B5. (When the self acting contrivance
to the binding device is not included in the arrangement then the sleeve is dispensed
with, and B¹ and B2 are fixed on a shaft forming part of the mechanism controllable
by the driver, as in the former Specification of Bernhard Samuelson, herein before
referred to.) A chain connects B2 with B³, the latter again giving motion by a
chain to B6. This latter is keyed on to the shaft N. This shaft carries a number
of pulleys N¹, on which are mounted the endless chains N2 traversing the grain
platform, which chains bring the grain after it is cut to the binding device. The
wheel B³ is fast on a shaft H, on which are secured one or more discs y, y. On
these discs are packers H¹, pivotted on the pins H2, and the packers have other
pins Hs fixed on them. The same shaft H has hanging loose upon it a sleeve
carrying at each end cams m, m, parallel with and close to the discs y, y. The
sleeve has attached to it a pinion z gearing into a quadrant z¹. The pins H³
pass through slots in the discs and limit the movement of the packers on the
pins H
F is a shaft, to which is fastened a compresser F; this shaft also carries a
sleeve G, to which are attached retaining arms G¹. The sleeve is controlled by a
rod G', connected with a cam D¹, to be hereinafter described, by means of a bell
crank Go, which is hung on a shaft L. This sleeve also carries a small lever G³,
the angular position of which on the sleeve is adjusted by a set screw G³. The
other end of this lever has a spring which bears on the compresser F¹.
C is a pinion hung on the pin B5 and gearing with the wheel C¹ mounted on the
shaft D. This shaft carries three cams D', D2, D³, and a crank E.
E¹ is a vibrating link attached to the needle shaft I. This shaft carries the
needle J. The crank E has on its end a friction roller E2 working in the slotted
portion of E, and as the crank revolves a reciprocating motion is imparted to the
needle.
.
P is a headstock containing the driving gear of the knotting apparatus. It has
an upright shaft P, see Figures 3, 4, and 5, on which is a bevil wheel P4, receiving
motion from a bevil wheel P5 on a shaft P; a bevil wheel Q2 (Figure 2) on this
shaft is driven by a wheel Q1 on a shaft Q, which in its turn carries a bevil
wheel gearing with Qon the cam shaft D. The upright shaft P7 carries a
cam V2, which on the shaft revolving causes a rack V' to reciprocate and thereby

page_text: to give quadrantal motion to the quadrant V by means of a pinion or segment W*.
The quadrant gears with a wheel V5, which revolves first in one direction and then
in the other; V imparts similar motion to the wheel W2; this in its turn gives
motion to W¹ mounted on the knotter shaft S, which thus has a whole revolution
imparted to it alternately in opposite directions. The shaft S is hollow, and
contains an internal shaft S' revolving with it, but having also a longitudinal
motion. These two shafts, with their hooks and triggers, are constructed in the
same manner as those in the knotting apparatus described in the Specification to
Letters Patent granted to Thomas Robert Hay Fisken, dated the Thirteenth
November, One thousand eight hundred and seventy seven, No. 4242. The internal
shaft has on its end furthest from the knotting hook a grooved boss S², see detail,
Figure 5; a fork S³ lies in the groove. This fork is caused to move at the proper
time and at the proper rate by a cam V³, the latter being fixed on the shaft P', and
consequently revolving with it. The knotter shaft S, which has also a longitudinal
motion, as in this device described in the Specification of Thomas Robert Hay
Fisken, before referred to, is similarly moved backwards and forwards by a fork S⭑
resting in a groove in the shaft, the fork receiving motion from a cam V4, also
mounted on the shaft P7.
In place of the nipping apparatus described in the said Specification of Thomas
Robert Hay Fisken, I prefer to use a couple of bevilled elastic plates R¹; the string
is forced between these plates by a hook R³, see details, Figures 3, 4, and 5, the
ends of the string after it is severed being forced out by the entrance of the
succeeding ones. The severance is effected by the cutter R². Motion is given to
these parts of the knotting apparatus in the following manner:-On the lower end of
the shaft P' is a spur wheel R gearing into a similar wheel R5; on the shaft which
carries the latter is a bevil wheel R6 gearing with another bevil wheel R' on the
shaft R. This shaft carries a cam R8 bearing against a friction roller R³ kept in
contact with it by a spring R10, and the pin which carries this friction roller is
connected and gives motion to a slide, which causes the hook R³ to reciprocate; the
cutter R2 is a vertical stationary knife against which the string is forced by the
hook. The cam R³ giving motion to this device is so shaped as to cause the slide
first to press the string between the nipper plates, then to be nearly stationary
whilst the knot is being tied, next to move further in the same direction, so that
the string is forced against the knife, and lastly to return by a quick motion, so as
to be entirely disengaged from the string. The nippers carry a grooved plate R";
the groove in this plate is so formed that a stud R2 on the hook which is engaged
in the groove gives a radiaal motion to the hook in addition to the reciprocating
one. This radiaal motion is necessary in order that the needle as it ascends or
descends may not come in contact with the hook.
The same rod G which controls the sleeve G and retaining arms G¹ also controls
the quadrant z', when this quadrant is in its lowest position, or the reverse of that
shewn in Figure 1; the cam m is thrown upwards and the packers H¹ are free to
swing upon their pins. When this is the case they move freely in the cut grain and
have no tendency to force it towards the compressor F¹; but when the required
quadrant is raised to its highest position, the cam is depressed and bears on the
back of the packers H' as they are carried down by the disc y; they are thus
stiffened and serve to carry the grain towards the compresser.
The bell crank G5 which moves the retainers and compresser is put in operation
by the cam D'¹ on shaft D..
K, K, are kickers suspended by a rod K' and pivotted to a rod K³, which latter
oscillates on the shaft K³; motion is given to this shaft by means of the cam D²
through a bell crank D. There is another cam D³ which gives motion to a lever D³;
this lever is keyed to the shaft L and causes it to oscillate. This shaft carries a
lever De to which a rod D7 is pivoted; this latter takes hold of a crank on a sleeve
which is firmly fixed to ³. In this manner a compound vertical, radial, and
horizontal motion is given to the kickers K.
The wheels B1, B2, and sleeve B' are at the proper time connected by a clutch

page_text: arrangement with the pinion C, which gives motion to the wheel C¹ and main
shaft D, from which, as has been described, the knotting and delivering device are
operated.
This clutch arrangement consists of the friction roller B10 on B¹ and pawl Bu
on C.
The pinion C is loose on the shaft B³, and has a boss on which there is a spring
which tends to push the tail of the pawl into contact with the friction roller, but
cannot do so as long as the other end of the pawl is supported by the rod or
strut B12 (shown in dotted lines); as soon as this strut is withdrawn the spring
wedges the tail end of the pawl against the roller. The wheel B¹ and the pinion C
are then firmly connected and must revolve together until the tail of the pawl is
again pushed from under the roller by the strut lifting up the other end of the
pawl. This strut is controlled by a lever arrangement B¹³ from the compressor
shaft F.
When the machine has been started and the grain has been carried by the
platform chains towards the revolving packers, these latter being then held down, as
shewn in the Drawing, by the cam m, carry the corn towards the compressor and
retaining arms, and continue to do so until there is a sufficient pressure against the
compressor to force up the spring on G. Until this is the case the clutch arrange-
ment is inoperative, the strut holding up the pawl and preventing its contact with the
friction roller on B'; consequently, although the wheel B' is in motion, the mechanism
of the knotting device, including the needle and the delivering device, is at rest.
But as soon as there is sufficient pressure of grain on the compressor to cause the
spring between it and the lever G2 to yield, the lever arrangement pulls the strut
from under the pawl. The pinion C is geared with B¹ and causes the wheel C' to
revolve. The crank E on the shaft D now causes the needle J to descend and carry
the string round the sheaf, whilst the knotting device is also set in motion by the
train of gearing from the same shaft. By the time the knot has been tied and the
string cut the compressor and retainers have been lifted by the action of the cam D¹,
and the sheaf being thus relieved the kickers k are brought into action by the
cams D2 and D³, and the sheaf is expelled clear of the building device and dropped
between it and the main driving wheel. Lastly, the further revolution of the
shaft D causes the cams and crank to bring back the various parts of the builder to
their first position to lift up the quadrant 2, thus again forcing the cam m against
the packers and setting them in motion to bring down the compressor and retaining
arms, and lift up the kickers, replacing the strut under the pawl B", thereby
disconnecting the pinion C from the wheel B'.
The shaft Pe carrying the wheel Q2 has a groove along a portion of its length
and is connected with that wheel by a feather. This shaft is consequently free to
slide in Q whilst revolving with it. A horizontal motion from front to back is
given to this shaft by a screw P¹. This screw is worked by appropriate rods and
gearing from a hand wheel under the control of the driver; in this manner the
head stock and the knotting device which it contains may be made to move nearer
to or further from the front of the machine. At the same time a screw P' imparts
a similar sliding motion to the needle on the shaft I. There is also a connection
which may be made in any convenient manner between the head stock P and the
various shafts carrying the packers, the retaining arms, compressors, and kickers,
each of which shafts is made to slide a corresponding distance, so that the sheaf
may be tied at such a place along the length of the straw as may appear
desirable.
The arrangement of apparatus hereinbefore described is hereinafter referred to as
the first arrangement.
According to another modification of this Invention, hereinafter termed the
second arrangement, the packing arms reciprocate, they carry the grain up a
slight incline, which forms a receiving platform in which sufficient grain is
gathered to form a sheaf. The butts of the cut grain are moved endways along
this incline by means of a small endless apron or butter, which is adjustable.
In

page_text: this manner the necessity for the motions described under the first arrangement
for moving all the binding and discharging devices from front to back, or vice versa,
in order that the string may be placed round the straw at any particular part of
its length is avoided, the straw being adjusted to the binder instead of the binder
to the straw.
In this combination I prefer to use, instead of the hollow shaft arrangement,
a binding device, consisting of a tying shaft and a knotter hook, across which
latter the string is laid by the needle through the intervention of a guide.
The knotter hook has a jaw pivotted thereon, and which is forced against the
hook and released from contact with it by a spring or cam, the revolution of the
tying shaft with its knotter hook and jaw actuated by suitable gearing from
the retaining plate or forks causes the knot to be tied.
This second arrangement is illustrated by the several Figures of Sheets 3 and 4
of the accompanying Drawings.
Figure 1 on Sheet 3 is a front view of a machine embodying this part of the
Invention.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same corresponding to Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a cross section taken along the line x, x, of Figure 2; Figure 1ª is a
detail hereinafter referred to.
Figures 4, 5, and 6 are detached views of a binder head plate which forms the
central part of the inclined receiving platform.
Figures 7 and 8 are detached views of a swinging frame or guide for the packing
arms, as hereinafter described.
Figure 9 is a cross section taken along the line x, x, of Figure 2, showing the
swinging frame for working the packing arms in an elevated position, and the
packing arms down in their working position.
Figure 10 is an end or front view of the guard plate, hereinafter described.
Figure 11 is an inner view of the wheel q, hereinarter referred to, showing the
cam or groove in the same.
Figure 12 is an inside view of the string box showing the tension device, as
hereinafter described.
Figure 13 is a longitudinal section shewing a similar view of the string box,
also the connecting link for operating the sheaf discharging fork, as hereinafter
described.
Figures 14, 15, 16, are detached views of the swinging butter or apron.
Figure 17 is a cross section of the string box.
Figures 18, 19, and 20, in Sheet 4 are respectively edge and side views and plan
of the frame, hereinafter referred to, for supporting the binding device.
Figures 21 and 22 are detached face and edge views respectively of the link
connecting the compressor shaft with the cam wheel by cranks, as hereinafter
described.
Figure 23 is a detached plan of the wheels on each side of the binder head
for operating the discharging figures and binding mechanism, as hereinafter
described.
Figure 24 is an enlarged view of the clutch and pinion on the transmitting
shaft, hereinafter referred to.
Figures 25, 26, 27, and 28 are details of the parts shewn in Figure 24.
Figures 29, 30, and 31 are inner elevations, front elevation, and plan respectively
of the binder head.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all these Figures.
The entire machine is not shown. The main wheel, sickle, and chain driving
gear, the grain end of the platform, the reel, draft pole, and driver's seat are
omitted, they all being of the forms shown in the said former Specification of
Bernhard Samuelson.
The framework of this machine may be made in any suitable manner, as shown;
it is composed of two frames. The base frame, of which the front and back sills,
and inner cross bar only are shown, carries the offside wheel, and is supported from

page_text: .
the frame B. This frame carries the grain platform E, which is provided with
slots or openings through which the chains F or the teeth of the said chains pass;
it is also provided with the usual sickle bar G.
At the main travelling wheel end of the frame A, A', A¹¹, and slightly above
this frame, is mounted a secondary frame composed of the rails B, B, and cross
rails B', B, C; the cross rail C being elevated on the posts D', the travelling
wheel is placed between the cross bars B, B1, which supports this end of the
framing.
The frame A' is supported at the travelling wheel end upon the frame B by
extending the bar A across to the cross rail B¹ as shown, and by connecting the
rear of the A or platform frame with the rear bar B1 by brackets or posts H, H¹¹.
The chains F are supported upon the roller or shaft W at their inner ends, which
shaft is driven by the chain which passes over the chain wheel x¹. The end of the
shaft W is provided with a mitre wheel W which engages with and drives the
mitre wheel V, which last named mitre wheel drives or carries the roller S¹ upon
which the butter apron is mounted and by which it is operated. A similar but
smaller roller is placed at the discharge end of the apron; these rollers are mounted
in and supported by a small frame, shown in detail at Figures 14, 15, 16, which
frame as shewn is composed of two end boards and two cross bars for keeping the
end boards in position.
Around these two rollers is placed a travelling apron S, which is provided with
slats or other suitable means for moving the butts of the grain along the fixed
platform or incline. This travelling butter may be made of canvas or of any
suitable belting. The butter with its frame is free to turn upon the roller S¹ or its
bearings, so that its discharge end may be pushed in or out as desired for short or
long grain.
This movement of the butter in the case of long grain leaves it to throw straight
or nearly in line along the receiving platform or incline, and for short grain it is
thrown in so as to deflect the grain and carry it along on the said platform, the
purpose being to bring the grain to the binder in such position that the band or
string will be in its proper position on the bundle.
The moving of the butter is under the control of the driver or operator, and its
operation is brought within convenient reach by the link T¹, the lever or pivot
bar T, and hand lever U.
The receiving platform or incline, as shown, is made of three parts J, J', K. The
central part K covers the binder and carries on the under side the string placing
device. At its inner end it is at a higher elevation than the parts of the platform
J, J', as shewn in Figure 9; this arrangement of the platform or incline raises the
middle of the bundle to give it a greater compression at that point, while the heads
or butts are left comparatively free to expand or move under compression at the
under as well as at the upper sides.
At the inner or extreme ends of this platform we have provided a shield k¹,
shown in elevation at Figure 10, and it is cut away at 42 to form shoulders for
folding the discharging fingers, and the part opposite the plate K is provided with a
slot through which the needle point passes.
Over this receiving platform and attached to the cross bar C at their outer ends
are two guide bars L, which are carried down and bent at L¹ and curved down
at L, as shown in Figures 3, 9. They are also attached to the arm Q¹ of the
frame Q. I have shewn two of these arms, but additional ones may be applied if
desired. These bars are bent in the form shown for shielding the needle arm and
packing fingers at the throat, and are curved upwards at L' for the purpose of
receiving sufficient grain to form a sheath to be bound, and are curved downwards
at their outer ends L¹ to serve as a guide for the bundle, and to hold the bound
bundle against the discharging fingers.
The frame is cast in the form shown in detail, Figures 18, 19, 20, and is
supported by the foot or bracket all upon the cutter bar A, and by the foot y upon
the bar or brace I.

page_text: The bar I is most conveniently supported by being at an angle supporting its
outer end upon à cross bar A", and its inner end upon the cutter bar A at or near
the bar B¹, but, if desired, it may be independently supported from the cross bar A".
The upper end of the frame or casting Q is provided with cross heads O, O',
which form a support for the shaft N, and for the shafts g and h.
The shaft N extends beyond the cross head O to the timber B, where it has an
additional support or journal and is provided with the gear wheel X, which gear
wheel engages with a corresponding gear wheel upon the back of a chain wheel X'.
The shaft N is provided with double or reverse cranks N¹, N₁, shown in detail
in Figure 7. These cranks are located over the part K of the inclined plane, and
operate the packing fingers a..
The swinging guide M is attached to the shaft N, so as to turn freely thereon.
This guide is made with arms, as shown at Figure 7, and with a head, as shown at
Figure 8. The head is provided with two pivots or trunnion sockets b, through
which the rear ends or extensions of the packing fingers a pass and slide. This
swinging guide M is connected with the needle arm e by means of a link d attached
thereto at c, so that the swinging guide will rise or fall with the needle arm e.
The needle arm e carries the string by a suitable loop at its point, and is
provided with an extension e' which serves as a divider to part the grain, and to
hold the flowing grain back while the bundle is being bound. The needle arm e is
attached to the rear end of the shaft h, which shaft is supported in the cross
heads O, O¹, of the frame Q. These heads also support the shaft g to which is
attached the compressing arm f, also two or more detaining fingers f¹, four being
shewn in the example illustrated.
The compressing arm fholds the grain against the needle arm e while the binding
is being performed, and the detaining arms fl hold the grain from slipping out or
from getting out of position before being sufficiently compressed to hold it.
The front end of the shaft N is provided with a gear wheel n to which is
attached the plate or disk j, which disk is provided with a pin, as shown at
Figures 24 and 28. Supported upon this pin is a pawl i, shown in detail in
Figures 25, 26.
This pawl is provided with a side pin or friction roller m which engages with
the stops on the inner face of the disk P, which is made fast to the shaft N.
The free end of the pawl i is provided with a flange, or is widened so as to
engage with the strut x (see Figure 1). The other end is provided with a
projection which acts as a stop coming in contact with the hub or disk j, and
prevents it from being thrown over or out of working position.
The pawl is also held in position by the spring or its equivalent. The
construction of the parts just described will be readily understood from
Figures 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28.
The strut is attached to the front end of the shaft g, and its free end comes
against the free end or flange of the pawl i so that the rotation of the shaft n
throws the roller m out of contact with the catches or lugs b of the disk P, which
stops the movement of the pinion n and the movements of the train of wheels
connected with it. (These devices resemble and are the equivalents of the clutch
described in my first arrangement). The shaft n continues its revolution while the
other parts of the binding apparatus are at rest.
The strut is held up by the arm x¹, and the spring connection with the
crank e¹¹.
The spring connection is shown in detail at Figures 21 and 22. It is composed
of a frame a¹, rods all, all, screws and nuts c¹, c¹¹, cl, which are supported in
cross plates a. The upper rod all is provided with a spring b', which is adjusted
by the screw c¹. The frame a² is provided with shoulders 61, which limit the
upward movement of the rod a". The rod all is provided with a spring 61,
which is adjusted by the nut c¹ll which adjusts the spring and also the length of
the coupling. The tension of the spring 6" can also be adjusted by the nut c¹¹.
The upper spring 6¹ is for the purpose of giving slack for the operations of the

page_text: strut, and the lower one 6¹¹ is for giving compression to the bundle through the
arm x³, shaft 9. and compressor f
The wheel o is provided on its inner face with a mitre gearing engaging with
the mitre wheel r, which rotates the shaft s and the crank t. The shaft s is
supported in and by the frame Q, and a sleeve or hub s¹. The crank drives the
arm or link u, which link at its opposite end is connected with the fork v. The
link u is curved, as shown in Figure 13, and is provided with a slot u¹, through
which the pin u" passes and supports the link.
The object of the curve is to carry the fork v back in a straight line. It is
evident that the link u may be made of a round rod having the same curve, and
passed through a pivot eye in the pin u¹¹, or other device for that purpose, which
construction dispenses with the slot u¹ in the arm, but I prefer the form shown.
The fork is spread or forked at its lower end v', and curved, as shown in
Figure 13, at its upper end, which slides through a swivel or pivoted eye w in its
back and forth movements. The swivel eye w is elevated on the post D.
The shaft his provided at its front end with the arm or crank 41, to which is
connected the double connection link 38 and 39, provided with an adjusting
screw 40 for the adjustment of its length. The lower end of this adjustable
connection is pivoted to the wheel q by a wrist pin. Through this connecting link
arm or crank 41 and shaft h power and motion are communicated to the needle
arm e.
The wheel h¹ is an idler so far as the train of gearing is concerned, but it is
provided on its outer face with two pins or stops h. In the rotation of the wheel
these pins strike against the arm h¹, which operates the tension 811 of the string
box through the rod hat proper intervals.
The tension device as shown at Figures 12, 13, and 17, is simply a spring working
from below against an upper plate, the string passing between the spring and
plate in the form shown in Figure 13. The tension device has a hinged plate
interposed between the spring and the fixed plate.
The wheel q is provided on its inner face with an eccentric groove or cam 37
formed by the shoulder 36, Figure 11. This wheel is so timed that the compressor f
is held to its place by means of a crank ell when the bundle is being bound and
thrown up when the bundle is ready to be discharged.
The arm el is provided with a projecting roller (shown in Figure 18), which
operates in the groove 37, and its rear end is pivoted to the frame 2 shown also in
Figure 18.
The wheel drives the shaft q', to which are attached the cam
wheels 24, 25 (shown in Figure 23), which cam wheels are located immediately
beneath the incline or receiving platform, as shewn in Figure 9.
Cam 24 carries the discharging arm 27, which is pivoted thereto by the wrist
pin 26, and also operates a bell crank 13 (shown in Figure 29).
The discharging arm 27 is provided with an extension or heel 33 shown in
dotted lines in Figures 3 and 9, which heel comes in contact with the stop 34, and
is by such stop thrown out at the proper time to engage the bound sheaf and
move it away from the tying devices. The arm 27 is turned back out of the way
by coming in contact with the bottom 42 of the slot in shield K', which as the
wheel revolves pushes the arm in it, being free to turn on the wrist pin or
pivot 26.
The disk 25 is attached to the rear end of the shaft q', and has attached to it
by the wrist pin 28 another discharging arm 29. The arm 29 is provided with a
heel or extension, and turns downwards and is connected by the pivot pin 35 with.
the curved link 30, which passes through the spring 31 and stop 32, and is provided
at its rear end with a pin or stop 43 which prevents it from being drawn out or
being drawn beyond a certain position. The rod is also provided with a stop or
pin, between which and the stop 32 the spring 31' is held. This arrangement
brings the arm 29 in contact with the bundle in unison with the arm 27, so that
both act (one each side of the string) together in discharging the bundle after it is
bound.

page_text: The disc 25 has on its inner face an eccentric groove in which the wheel 16 of
Figure 29 operates to move the bell crank 15 and a toothed segment to engage
with a pinion 9 on the knotted shaft.
The bell crank 15 is connected by a pin with the sliding plate 17, which sliding
plate is provided with the string guide 18 at one edge, and the knife 44 (Figure 30)
at the opposite edge.
The binder head 7, as shown in detail, and drawn to an enlarged scale in
Figures 29, 30, and 31, is supported by the foot y' upon the bar or brace I, and is
located between the disks 24, 25. The cams of the disks 24, 25, for operating the
bell cranks 13, 15, through the rollers 14, 16, are not shewn in detail, as they are
of the common form for operating such devices.
The bell crank crank 13 is provided at its upper end with the pivotted pawl 11 held
in operative position by the spring 12. This pawl 11 operates the string holding
disks 10 by the ratchet wheel 23, Figure 31. The string holder 22 and the jaw
roller 21 are held to position by the rubber block 19, which is adjusted both as to
tension and position by the screws 20.
In operation as the machine is drawn along the cut grain falls upon the
platform E and is delivered to the incline by the toothed chains F, where the
packing arms a receive it, and they being in the working position shown in
Figure 9 the grain is by these carried forward beyond or behind the bend L' of
the receiving guide arms or rods L, where it remains until a sufficient quantity is
accumulated to press back the compressing arm f.
The pressing back of the compressing arm f brings down the front end of the
arm or crank x, disengaging it from the pawl i, the spring i then forces the
roller m into engaging position with one of the projections of the disk P, which
throws the train of gearing at the front of the machine into motion. As soon as
the train of gearing is put into motion the wheel q by means of the link 38, 39,
and crank 41 rotates the shaft h and brings down the needle e from the position
shewn in Figure 9 to that shewn in Figure 3.
As the needle descends it comes in contact with the crank 1-3 (Figure 4),
which throws the tucker 5 in front of the needle and between the string and
needle, and is then carried forward by the needle, thus placing the string in position
for the knotter hook to receive it, in which position it then remains until the
needle is returned, when it is thrown back by the spring 4 against the stop 2.
These devices are located on the underside of the plate K, and are guarded or pro-
tected against straws by a descending plate 6 as the needle passes through the slot
in the plate K, which slot is provided with projections / upon its upper face, thus
making an apex at the point of separation and a a clearer separation by reason of
the space so created.
When the needle e descends to the position shewn in Figure 3 the link & brings
down the swinging guide M, thus throwing the packing arms out of connection
with the grain without stopping their movements. When the needle is in the
position shown in Figure 9 the tucker 1, 3, 5, returns to position by means of the
spring 4, and the same movement through the link d turns the guide arms M
upwards, which brings the packing fingers a in connection with the grain.
When the needle is in the position shewn in Figure 3 the sheaf is compressed
between it and the compressor f, and when in this position, the gear wheels being
in operation, the knotter is put in motion, the knot is tied, and the string severed.
At this point the discharging arms 27 and 29 come in contact with the bundle and
throw it out against the rear end L of the guide rods and carry it down
towards or to the ground.
If by reason of tangled grain a bundle should remain at the point where the
discharging fingers have left it, then upon the starting down of the needle again
the discharging fork v descends, and carries the bundle back and out of the machine.
This bundle discharging fork is so timed by the crank t that it does not strike the
bundle until just before a second one is formed, so that in binding grain the bundle
is usually out of the way before the fork descends, its object being to prevent the

page_text: accumulation of bundles at the discharging point by reason of tangled grain or
defective operation of the other parts.
While the compressing arm is thrown back the arm x of the shaft g is held down
and the movement of the train continues. As soon as it is liberated from pressure
by the discharge of the bundle it is returned to the position shown in Figure 9 by
the spring coupling connected with the arm x, so as to cause the arm to become
engaged from the pawl i, and thereby throw its roller m out of contact with the
lug or projection of the disk p, which movement causes the train of gearing to stop
until the pawl is again thrown out of action by pressure against the arm f.
The binding string is brought from the string R to the needle in any con-
venient manner by means of screw eyes, to hold it in any convenient position, and
the tension devise is so arranged and timed that the tension will be off when the
needle is up and the sheaf is being formed, and will be on when the needle
commences to descend.
As the pins h of the wheel h¹ pass from under the arm or lever 111, the
springs of the tension device is left free to operate against the string until again
lifted by the pin acting against the lever h¹, through the rod 1, which
connects it with the tension spring 8". This arrangement of devices being timed
take off and put on the tension at proper intervals.
At Figure 1 I have shown an extension of the arm x' of the shaft g, to which
the spring coupling a¹ is attached with extension carries it over to the crank on
which I have applied a roller or rest t¹, the operation of which is to hold the
arm out of contact with the pawl i, so as to prevent the unshipping of the
machine in wrong positions for the binder, and to maintain the proper timing
of the machine when it is running empty or without pressure against the
compressor f.
At 44, Figure 2, there is shewn a clearer through which the fork v, v¹, passes
when rising for its return movements. In passing through this clearer 44, any
bundle or straws which may have adhered to the fork are stripped off so as to keep
the fork clear and clean.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not claim separately any of the
parts of the apparatus hereinbefore described, but what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before
in part recited Letters Patent is,
Under the first arrangement,-
1. A string binding harvester having a binding and delivering device, which
comprises a knotting device having two shafts, one sliding within the other when
such binding device receives the grain at or about the level of the platform on
which the grain falls when cut, and delivers the sheaf after it is tied between the
binding device and the main travelling wheel, the apparatus being arranged so as
to operate substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. A string binding harvester in which the grain is received at or about the level
of the platform on which the grain falls when cut, and is thence collected and
compacted into sheaves by rotating packers causing the grain by pressure against a
compresser to set in motion a binding and delivering device, on leaving which the
sheaf falls between the said device and the travelling wheel, the apparatus being
arranged so as to operate, substantially as hereinbefere described.
3. The combination in a harvesting machine of devices for gathering, compacting,
tying, and discharging the sheaf when the said devices are placed, constructed,
arranged, and combined together, so as to operate, substantially as hereinbefore
described under the first arrangement.
Under the second arrangement,-
1. A string binding harvester, having an incline receiving the grain at or about
the level of the platform on which the grain falls when cut, from which incline the
orain is removed by reciprocating nackers to hinding and disobercing devices which

page_text: are thrown into and out of action by the pressure of the grain against a compressor,
the sheaf being discharged between the said device and the travelling wheel, and
the apparatus being arranged so as to operate, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. In a string binding harvester in which the cut grain falls upon a carrier
platform having a traversing device, and is removed therefrom to a receiving or
binding platform (being by preference a slight incline) at or about the same level
as the carrier platform is there bound, and the sheaf is thence discharged between
the binding device and the travelling wheel, the employment of a travelling apron
or butter for moving the butts of the grain endwise along the receiving or binding
platform, the apparatus being arranged so as to operate, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. The combination in a string binding harvester of devices for gathering,
compacting, and discharging the sheaf when the said devices are placed, constructed,
arranged, and combined together so as to operate, substantially as hereinbefore
described under the second arrangement.
In witness whereof, I, the said William George Manwaring, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
W. G. MANWARING. (L.S.)