IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ADAPTATION OF DRAWING AND OTHER ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN DRAWING AND COMPRESSING FIBRES, WHICH IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLERS IS ALSO APPLICABLE IN COMPRESSING FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to James Buckingham, of Walworth Common, in the
County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, and George Salt, of Saltaire, near
Bradford, in the County of York, Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ADAPTATION OF DRAWING AND
OTHER ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN DRAWING AND COMPRESSING FIBRES, WHICH
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLERS IS ALSO APPLICABLE IN COMPRESSING
FABRICS."
Sealed the 1st April 1859, and dated the 27th January 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Buckingham and
George Salt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th January 1859.
We, JAMES BUCKINGHAM, of Walworth Common, in the County of Surrey,..
Civil Engineer, and GEORGE SALT, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the County
of York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ADAPTATION OF DRAWING AND
OTHER ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN DRAWING AND COMPRESSING FIBRES, WHICH IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLERS IS ALSO APPLICABLE IN COMPRESSING FABRICS," to be
as follows:-
The improvements relate to a combination of means for producing and
applying an elastic holding surface to rollers and cylinders employed in various
manufacturing processes.

page_text: The material we employ is a compound of india-rubber in a plastic state,
and mineralized or otherwise prepared.
Such compound of india-rubber we then form in moulds adapted to produce
seamless cylinders or shells equal in thickness throughout, and which are so
arranged as to be of an internal diameter. less than the surface to which
such prepared india-rubber is to be applied, and to an extent proportioned to
the amount of holding required or the character of the rubber employed.
Whilst in the moulds the compound of india-rubber is subjected to heat, as
the means preferred to prepare or cure the same, as, is well understood.
The india-rubber compound thus formed into cylinders, we then cut into
the widths desired, and to prevent injury to the inner surface of the ring or
cylinder by its slipping or shifting of position when applied as a shell to the
bosses, rollers, or cylinders, we sometimes first apply to the surface of such
bosses, rollers, or cylinders, a coating of woollen cloth or other suitable fabric,
so that such fabric will, when the india-rubber shell is applied, be between the
surface of the boss, roller, or cylinder, and its india-rubber shell or coating;
and when desired we cause these more firmly to adhere together by the appli-
cation of a cement; and when the bosses, rollers, or cylinders to which such
coating of india-rubber compound is applied, are liable to be injuriously
affected by oil or other grease, we.apply, to such surface a solution of gelatine
obtained by preference with an acid or gumlac, or shellac combined with a
gum resin dissolved in naptha or other suitable solvent, or a coating of other
suitable varnish.
We apply the shell or cylinder of india-rubber compound by extending or
stretching the diameter of the same, and by preference we do so by the aid of
a cone adapted to one end of the boss or roller, or the flanges thereof, and
when the roller or cylinder is of considerable length, or has first been coated
with cloth, or is otherwise roughened, we first apply the compound of india-
rubber to a thin cylinder sufficiently large to embrace the roller or cylinder
to be covered, or the flanges thereof, and then slip or drop the cylinder of
india-rubber compound thereon.
The improvements also relate to the application of a roller with elastic sur-
face such as referred to in combination with a plain surface roller in place of
fluted rollers in various drawing and compressing processes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Buckingham and George Salt in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 27th July 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
BUCKINGHAM, of Walworth Common, in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer,
and GEORGE SALT, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the County of York, Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said James Buckingham and George Salt, Her special licence
that we, the said James Buckingham and George Salt, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Buckingham.
and George Salt, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all' times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-
land, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ADAPTATION OF DRAWING AND OTHER ROLLERS.
EMPLOYED IN DRAWING AND COMPRESSING FIBRES, WHICH IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF
ROLLERS IS ALSO APPLICABLE IN COMPRESSING FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said James Buckingham and George Salt, our executors'
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the. nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Buckingham, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
The improvements relate to a combination of means for producing and
applying an elastic holding surface to rollers and cylinders employed in various
manufacturing processes.
The material we employ is a compound of india-rubber in a plastic state,

page_text: and mineralized or otherwise prepared, so as to render the same not liable to
be affected by varying temperatures.
Such compound of india-rubber we then form in moulds adapted to produce
seamless cylinders or shells equal in thickness throughout, and which are so
arranged as to be of an internal diameter less than the surface to which such
prepared india-rubber is to be applied, and to an extent proportioned to the
amount of holding required, or the character of the rubber employed.
Whilst in the moulds the compound of india-rubber is subjected to heat, as
the means preferred to prepare or cure the same, as is well understood.
The india-rubber compound thus formed into cylinders, we then cut into
the widths desired, and to prevent injury to the inner surface of the ring or
cylinder by its slipping or shifting of position when applied as a shell to the
bosses, rollers, or cylinders, we sometimes first apply to the surface of such
bosses, rollers, or cylinders a coating of woollen cloth, paper, or other suitablé
fabric, so that such fabric will, when the india-rubber shell is applied, be
between the surface of the boss, roller, or cylinder, and its india-rubber shell
or coating; and it is the application of woollen cloth, paper, or other suitablé
fabric between the surfaces of bosses, rollers, or cylinders, and the covering of
prepared india-rubber which constitutes 'one peculiarity of these improvements,
and, when desired, we cause these more firmly to adhere together by the
application of a cement.
When the rollers are formed of wood, common glue answers very well as a
cement for the purpose. When they are formed of metal, we sometimes first
heat them, and then apply shellac or its solution, or marine glue to cause
adhesion of the fabric to the surfaces of them, or oil paint is also sufficient.
And when the bosses, rollers, or cylinders to which such coating of india-
rubber compound is applied, are liable to be injuriously affected by oil or other
grease, we apply as a coating to the surface of the india-rubber compound, a
solution of gelatine obtained by preference with an acid, or gum lac or shellac
combined with a gum resin dissolved in wood naptha or other suitable solvent,
or a coating of other suitable varnish.
When employing gelatine in the composition of a varnish for this purpose,
we have found a solution of oxalic acid to answer well in obtaining the
desired solution of the gelatine; and when using gumlac or shellac combined
with another gum resin, gum ammoniac, or gum mastic, answers well dis-
solved in wood naptha or methylated spirit, or spirits of wine.
These varnishes may be applied by means of a brush or by the aid of the
fingers or otherwise as desired, but in all cases it is desirable to have the.sur-

page_text: face of india-rubber properly cleansed from grease, or from sulphur previous
to the application of varnish thereto, and this we do by means of benzole, coal
tar, naptha, or turpentine, or other suitable liquid, which we apply by pre-
ference by the fingers, the object in all cases being not only to cleanse the
surface of the rubber, but also to enable it more freely to take to and hold
the varnishes.
We apply the shell or cylinder of india-rubber compound by extending or
stretching the diameter of the same, and by preference we do so by the aid of
a cone adapted to one end of the boss or roller, or the flanges thereof, and
when the roller or cylinder is of considerable length, or has first been coated
with cloth, or is otherwise roughened, we first apply the. compound of india-
rubber to a thin cylinder sufficiently large to embrace the roller or cylinder to
be covered, or the flanges thereof, and then slip or drop the cylinder of india-
rubber compound thereon.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing shows a portion of a roller to which
a coating of prepared india-rubber is to be applied, with a conical end adapted
thereto to facilitate the passing thereon of a cylinder of india-rubber. The
cylinder of india-rubber prepared as referred to, and of an internal diameter
somewhat smaller than that of the roller to which it is to be applied, is slided
up the cone, and thence on to the roller till the roller is fully covered, and
this is effected by the aid of the thin cylinder shown partly in a conical or
compressed form by Figures 2 and 3, and in a more cylindrical form by Fig. 4.
This cylinder is as shown composed of a series of ribs c, of steel or other
metal, and each of these ribs is connected by one of its ends to a'ring d, in
such manner that they may be readily disconnected therefrom when desired,
and the ring d is internally sufficiently large to admit of the roller to be
covered freely passing through it. The cylinder of india-rubber to be used as
a covering is first placed on these ribs, and these together are then drawn on
to the roller by the ring d. When the cylinder of india-rubber has been fully-
drawn on to the roller as shown by Figure 4, the ribs c will be between such
cylinder of india-rubber a and the roller b; we then disconnect the respective
ribs c from the ring d so as to disconnect the ring, when the ribs may readily
be singly withdrawn, leaving the cylinder of india-rubber binding on the
surface of the roller.
The improvements also relate to the application of a roller with elastic
surface such as referred to, in combination with a plain surface roller in
place of fluted rollers in various drawing and compressing processes.
Having thus described the nature of these our improvements, we would

page_text: have it understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details
referred to, as these may be varied, and although we have not particularly
pointed out the particular uses of the rollers thus formed, it will be understood
that they are applicable in various processes for drawing and compressing
fibres, as well as in compressing fabrics; but what we do claim is,--
First, the means of constructing drawing and other rollers, by the applica-
tion thereto of woollen cloth, or other suitable fabric between the outer
cylinder or covering of prepared india-rubber and the internal boss or other
roller, to prevent slipping of the india-rubber covering thereon, and the wear
arising therefrom; in manner substantially as explained.
Secondly, we claim the means described of applying the shells or cylinders,
ór covers of india-rubber compound to bosses, rollers, or cylinders.
Thirdly, we claim the application to the india-rubber surfaces of drawing
and other rollers of a suitable varnish, so 'as to render the same not liable to
be readily affected by oil or other grease, as explained.
Fourthly, we claim the use and application or adaptation in various com-
pressing and drawing processes of one roller with an elastic surface of prepared
india-rubber working in combination with a plain surface roller, in place of
using fluted rollers för such purposes, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Buckingham, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
WILLIAM BROOKES,
73, Chancery Lane, London,
Patent Agent,
JAMES BUCKINGHAM. (L.S.)