IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLERS FOR BEER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Benedict Turrell, of the City and State
of New York, United States of America, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLERS FOR BEER AND OTHER LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 15th December 1868, and dated the 17th June 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Benedict Turrell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th June 1868.
I, GEORGE BENEDICT TURRELL, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLERS FOR BEER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be
as follows:
The Invention has for its object improvements in coolers for beer
and other liquids, and relates to improvements upon an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to Jozé Luis on the 14th April 1859,
Number 935.
According to the aforesaid Invention the beer or other liquid to be
cooled was caused to be distributed on the uppermost of a series of pipes

page_text: or tubes of a circular section arranged in horizontal lines one above
another. The beer or other liquid to be cooled, after passing around
the uppermost pipe or tube in a thin film, trickles or drops on to
the next pipe or tube, and so on until it arrives at the lowermost pipe
or tube, whence it is carried off by a suitable trough or way. A stream
of water is caused to travel through the interior of the pipes or tubes
and thereby to absorb the caloric from the beer or other liquid passing
around the exterior thereof.
Now the present Invention consists in the application of a series of
flattened tubes of an oval section or approaching thereto arranged in 1
horizontal lines one above another as before described, the greater.
diameter of such tubes being in a horizontal direction (or nearly so)
and the shorter diameter in a vertical or nearly vertical direction. By
these means the beer or other liquid to be cooled is retained for a longer
period in contact with each pipe or tube whilst the quantity of water 1
required is lessened by reason of the sectional area of a flattened tube
being less than that of circular, tubes and the height of the apparatus
for a given number of pipes is reduced.
The Invention also consists in the employment of tubes, bars, or rods
within the tubes above described, or within other tubes acting in a similar 2
manner, so as to occupy the space in the centre of such tubes, the water
being caused to flow through the space formed between the two tubes,
whereby the water is applied in a more advantageous manner for cooling
beer and other liquids.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said George Benedict Turrell in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME. I, GEORGE
BENEDICT TURRELL, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America, send greeting.
3
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Benedict Turrell, Her a

page_text: special licence that I, the said George Benedict Turrell, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Benedict Turrell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLERS FOR BEER AND OTHER
LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Benedict Turrell, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Benedict Turrell, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say
The Invention has for its object improvements in coolers for beer
and other liquids, and relates to improvements upon an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to Jozé Luis on the 14th April 1859,
No. 935.
According to the aforesaid Invention the beer or other liquid to be
cooled was caused to be distributed on to the uppermost of a series of
pipes or tubes of a circular section arranged in horizontal lines one above
another. The beer or other liquid to be cooled, after passing around
the uppermost pipe or tube in a thin film, trickles or drops by a series
of downward projections on to the next pipe or tube and so on until
it arrives at the lowermost pipe or tube, whence it is carried off by a
suitable trough or way. A stream of water is caused to travel through
the interior of the pipes or tubes and thereby to absorb the caloric
from the beer or other liquid passing around the exterior thereof:
Now the present Invention consists, firstly, in the application of a
series of flattened tubes of an oval section or approaching thereto
arranged in horizontal or nearly horizonal lines one above another as
before described, the greater diameter of such tubes being in a horizontal

page_text: direction or nearly so and the shorter diameter in a vertical or nearly
vertical direction, as shown at Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings,
which is a cross section of one of the tubes formed according to the first
part of my Invention. In the use of round pipes for a beer cooler of the
character above referred to, the liquid flows rapidly over the pipes and
is but little detained in contact with the cooling surface, because the
liquid travels a semicircle in passing around the pipe, and the capillary
attraction has but little power to detain the liquid and cause an accumu-
lation in the form of a viscid strata of some thickness adhering to the
under portion of the pipe. Now by the use of a series of horizontal
tubes in a vertical or nearly vertical range, said tubes being according
to my Invention flattened so as to be considerably wider in their hori-
zontal diameter than in their vertical diameter, the following new and
useful features are attained by my said cooler:
First. A cooler having the same extent of cooling surface can be
placed in much less space vertically, and thereby require a less head of
water for its supply. A round pipe when flattened as aforesaid has the
same area of surface, but a range of flattened pipes of the same area
will not stand as high as a range of the same number of circular pipes,
the spaces between the two forms of pipes corresponding.
Second. The sectional area of the waterway through the cooler will be
lessened by the flattening of the pipes, and less water will be required
in cooling the beer or other liquid, because a larger cooling surface in
proportion to the capacity of the apparatus for the flow of the cooling
liquid is obtained.
Third. In a given space my present apparatus can contain a larger
number of pipes and present a greater extent of cooling surface than in
the apparatus heretofore made.
Fourth. With a definite supply of liquid to be cooled upon this
apparatus, there will be the same quantity running off therefrom, but
there will be a greater quantity of liquid upon the surface of the
apparatus than with circular pipes, hence the time consumed by
each particle of liquid in trickling from the top to the bottom of the
apparatus will be increased, and the cooling liquid will have a better
opportunity to absorb the caloric therefrom. This increased quantity
of liquid sustained by the surface of the apparatus is due to two causes,
first, that the apparatus itself has a greater area of surface in proportion

page_text: to the waterway in the tubes; and, second, that gravity does not act so
rapidly upon the liquid to cause the same to run with as much speed
while upon the flattened upper surface of the pipes as when the pipes
are round. And when the liquid is running along the under surface
of the pipes the cohesive attraction holds the liquid to the pipe against
the action of gravitation, hence at these portions of the apparatus the
strata of liquid is much thicker than on the other portions of the pipe
or upon a circular tube.
Fifth. The liquid to be cooled passing in a strata along the under
surface of the pipes is in the best position for being cooled, because its
caloric is absorbed by the cool water in the pipe above that strata of
liquid, thus the heat passes rapidly upward from the liquid to be cooled
into the cooling liquid in accordance with the laws governing the
transmission of heat.
I find practically that a great saving of water is effected in my said
apparatus, and the liquid to be cooled is reduced in temperature more
rapidly and thoroughly than heretofore.
The Invention consists, secondly, in the employment of tubes, bars,
or rods within the tubes above described, or within other tubes acting
in a similar manner, so as to occupy the space in the centre of such
tubes, the water being caused to flow through the space formed between
the two tubes, whereby the water is applied in a more advantageous
manner for cooling beer and other liquids.
Figure 2 is a section of a circular tube having the centre thereof
occupied by a tube b, according to the second part of my Invention.
Instead of using tubes 6 to occupy the centre thereof bars or rods may
be employed. By these means the water which would otherwise fill the
space occupied by the tubes 6 is reserved and employed in a more
advantageous manner by being caused to flow through the space formed
between the tubes a and b. By these means a given quantity of water
is presented to the beer or other liquid to be cooled in such a manner as
to absorb a greater quantity of caloric therefrom than when the water
is allowed to occupy the entire space enclosed by the outer tube a.
Although I have shewn this part of my Invention applied to tubes of a
circular section, it may be applied to tubes of other forms.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the mode
in which I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that I

page_text: do not confine myself to the precise details herein shewn and described;
but what I do claim is,-
Firstly. A cooler for beer and other liquids formed of a series of
flattened tubes with their longest diameters horizontally, substantially as
specified, so that the strata of liquid passes in the manner described.
And, secondly. I claini the employment in coolers for beer and other
liquids acting in the manner described of tubes, rods, or bars to occupy
the centre of the tubes, the water being caused to pass through the space
left between the outer tubes and the tubes, rods, or bars occupying the
centre thereof, substantially as herein shewn and described:
In witness whereof, I, the said George Benedict Turrell, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of November;
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight.
GEORGE BENEDICT TURRELL. (L.S.)
LEMUEL W. SERRELL,
121, Nassau St., New York.
GEORGE D. WALKER,
121, Nassau St., New York.