IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR RULING PAPER
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents, 66,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR RULING PAPER." A communication
from abroad by Henri Adolphe Brissard, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
Sealed the 17th October 1879, and dated the 3rd May 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1879.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR RULING
PAPER" [A communication from abroad by Henri Adolphe Brissard, of Paris, in
the Republic of France.]
This Invention relates, firstly, to the arrangement of machinery whereby sheets
of paper can be ruled on one or both sides in several colors at a time, and either
along the whole surface of the paper or on portions only thereof; and, secondly,
to an arrangement of automatic feed whereby the paper is fed to the ruling
mechanism.
The ruling mechanism prepared to rule on both sides of a sheet of paper consists
of two supporting drums to carry the paper to be ruled, situate at different levels
and having their bearings on opposite sides of a pair of standards, which project
from and form part of the main framing of the machine. These druins are geared
together, and receive motion from the main driving shaft.
The ruling instruments consist of sets of disc markers which are supplied with
ink from an ink reservoir by means of inking rollers covered with india rubber, and
rotating in the ink reservoirs. The ruling apparatus for each drum is supported
on arched brackets projecting from the standard and overlying the supporting
drums.
It will be understood that each drum is similarly provided with a ruling appa-
ratus containing sets of disc markers.
When more than one set of markers is used it is preferred to drive the inking
roller of the first set by a band from the supporting drum, the markers being driven
by contact with the rollers. The second and other sets will be driven by contact

page_text: with the drums. All the sets of markers are provided with means for withdrawing
them from contact with the paper on the drums should occasion require, and the
paper is held in position on the drums by means of tapes in the usual manner.
Each drum is provided with a cleaning roller to remove any ink that may be
imparted thereto by careless working. The sheets of paper are fed to the drums by
an automatic feed apparatus in connection with and driven by the lower drum.
The feed apparatus consists of a slotted table, upon which the sheets of paper are
placed in a pile. This table is mounted upon a movable frame provided with
toothed racks and sliding in vertical guides in the main framing.
A pair of pinions gearing into the racks and mounted on opposite ends of a cross
shaft having its bearings in the sides of the frame cause a vertical motion to bo
given to the table in order to maintain the decreasing pile of paper at a uniform
level.
The driving of the pinions is effected by a pawle and ratchet wheel suitably
placed for the purpose, the pawle being actuated by a lever which bears against a
cam on a shaft so placed that it may be conveniently driven by the lower drum.
The slotted table is provided with a pair of vertical rods which may be shifted to
suit the size of the sheets of paper to be ruled, and these rods carry points or fingers
which rest upon the paper and prevent more than one sheet being fed at a time to
the supporting drums.
The paper is delivered to the drum by a pair of feed rolls which receive it through
the action of a reciprocating pusher bar. This pusher bar is connected by means of
rods to a pair of rock levers keyed upon a cross shaft carried by the framing, and
rocked from a second shaft which carries an extensible pulley driven by a band from
a pulley on the cam shaft before referred to.
This extensible pulley is so arranged that its diameter can be readily increased or
diminished according to the size of the sheets of paper, so that the pusher bar is
worked to suit the varying sizes of paper used.
The rotation of the drums in the above described arrangement will be continuous,
and the sheets of paper may be ruled from end to end of the paper, but when this
is not required the one or more sets of ruling markers may be thrown out of action,
thus permitting of the paper being ruled on portions only of the sheets. The throwing
out of action of the markers may be effected by a cam motion or by the adjustment
of a hand lever.
As a modification of the above arrangement the paper, instead of being passed
between feed rolls previous to being fed to the supporting drum, may be fed direct
to the drum, in which clips or fingers to seize hold of the sheet of paper are pro-
vided. The clips or fingers are placed in a recess formed in the periphery of the
drum, and are provided with means for raising and closing them automatically.
In order to give time for the introduction of the sheet of paper under the clips or
fingers, the rotation of the drum is arrested during several seconds. This is effected
by cutting away several teeth of the gear wheel, which is mounted on the drum
axle, and by which the drum is driven, so that the toothed driving wheel will not
act upon it during the required time, the two wheels being again brought into gear
by the contact of a pair of fingers or stops, one of which is bolted to and projects
from each of the gear wheels.
The sheets of ruled paper are taken from the drums and are deposited on a table
by tapes suitably arranged for the purpose.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3d
November 1879.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR RULING
PAPER." A communication from abroad by Henri Adolphe Brissard, of Paris, in
the Republic of France.
This Invention relates, firstly, to an arrangement of machinery whereby sheets of
paper can be ruled on one or both sides in several colors at a time either along the
whole surface of the paper or on portions only thereof; and, secondly, to an arrange-
ment of automatic feed whereby the paper is fed to the ruling mochanism.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1, Sheet I., is a side elevation of a complete
machine for ruling sheets of paper on both sides and in several colors at a timo;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section
of part of the feed mechanism taken in the line a, b, of Fig. 4; Fig. 4 is a trans-
verse vertical section taken on the line c, d, of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical
Bection on the line e, f, of Fig. 2; Figures 6 are detached views on an enlarged scalo
and partly in section of the ruling instrument; and Fig. 7 is a detached view on an
enlarged scale and in section of the inking apparatus.
A is the main framing of the machine, to which is attached a pair of vertical
standards A', A. These vertical standards carry at different levels the bearings J
and K for the drums H, I, which support the paper to be ruled.
These drums H and I are geared together, and receive motion from the pinion G
keyed on the axle of the driving pulley G. This axle is mounted in bearings
carried by arched brackets A attached to the vertical standards A'.
Each drum is provided with a separate set of ruling apparatus, that belonging to
drum H being supported by the arched brackets A, and that belonging to drum I
by the arched brackets A³ on the opposite side of the vertical standards A'.
L, L, are discs or ruling instruments mounted on an axle L' (see Fig. 6), with
washers or spacing pieces L³ of any required width between them, the whole being
held securely together by a collar L³ provided with a clamping screw.
Each set of ruling apparatus consists of three or more groups of ruling instru-
ments with their attendant inking mechanism.
The axles L' of the ruling instruments L are mounted in forked bearings at the
end of levers L pivotted to arms projecting from the arched brackets A³, A³. By
means of the handles and cams R pivotted to the bracket arins the levers L' can
be rocked, and thus the action of either of the ruling instruments can be stopped
instantly by hand. One of the levers L (see Fig. 1) of the lowest group of inking
apparatus belonging to drum I may be prolonged, as seen at S, Figures 1, 2, 3,
and 5, aud its lower end provided with a bowl, which bears against a cam on the
shaft m, to be more particularly referred to hereafter. By this arrangement
the action of the ruling instruments carried by this lever may be arrested
automatically.
The bracket arms also serve to carry the inking apparatus, which consists of a
roller M (see Fig. 7) covered with india rubber and suitably mounted in an ink
trough N. On one end of the axle of the inking roller M of the first or lowest
group O in each set of ruling apparatus is mounted a V-pulley to receive a band,
by which the roller is driven from its respective drum, and in turn drives its ruling
instruments.
The second group of ruling apparatus O' is mounted in a similar manner to that
just described but is driven by friction of contact with its drum, and means are
provided whereby only the exact quantity of ink or color required can be takon
up by the inking roller. This second ruling apparatus is specially intended for
ruling in colours.

page_text: The third group of inking apparatus P, whose office it is to rule the closest lines,
is somewhat modified in form, the disc markers for each line being in duplicate with
the inking roller above them; the whole apparatus being carried by a pair of
levers which have their fulcrum at Q. Each drum is thus similarly fitted with
inking apparatus, and they are also provided with a cleaning roller Y to remove
any ink that may be imparted thereto by careless working. These rollers have
their bearings at the end of rock levers Yi pivotted to the vertical standards A',
and are provided with springs, whereby the rollers are always kept in contact with
their respective drums.
During the operation of ruling, the sheets of paper are directed in their course
and held against the drums H and I by two series of tapes held in position by the
rollers T and U. The series T holds the sheets of paper against the drum H, while
the series U receives them as they leave this drum and conducts them round the
drum I. They are then taken up again by the series T and passed on to another
set of tapes V supported by the rollers X, and by these tapes the sheets are con-
ducted to and piled upon a table Z behind the machine.
The sheets of paper are fed to the drum by an automatic feed apparatus in con-
nection with and driven by the drum H.
This feed apparatus consists of a slotted table a, upon which the sheets of paper
are placed in a pile. This table a is provided with vertical rods 6 capable of being
adjusted in the slots by nuts or other suitable means to suit the size of the sheets
of paper to be ruled; and these rods b carry points or fingers b', which rest upon
the paper and prevent more than one sheet being fed at a time to the drum H.
The table a is inounted on a moveable fraine c provided with toothed racks g, g,
and sliding in guides d, which carry also the bearings for two shafts e and f
Near one end of the shafte is mounted a ratchet wheel i, and at its centre is
keyed a pinion e¹, which takes into a gear wheel on the shaft f. This shaft
carries a pair of pinions f" which take into the racks g on the moveable frame c,
and this frame is also provided with a fixed pawl f³ for the ratchet wheel i.
shaft e is provided with a winch handle h, whereby the working of the table a may
be effected by hand if desired.
Tho
The table a, of which the initial position is regulated by the handle h, is so
arranged that it may rise automatically during the working of the machine to an
extent corresponding to the decrease in the pile of paper thereon.
This movement is produced by means of the ratchet wheel i actuated by the
pawl on the lever j, which is worked by a cam on the shaft . This shaft also
carries at one end a toothed wheel in gear with the drum H, from which it receives
motion, and at the other end a grooved pulley, which by means of the extensible
pulley and the cord gives movement to the shaft m.
This extensible pulley, by which a movement, more or less rapid, is given to the
pusher bar, is mounted on one end of the shaft or axle m, which has its bearings
in the frame A, and is composed of two discs placed in juxtaposition. One of these
discs has a series of radial slots, and each slot receives a segment of a grooved
pulley, round which the cord passes. The other disc is provided with a series
of curved projections, which take into notches in the segments of the grooved
pulley which project through the slots; and by turning this disc to the right or
left these segments are pushed out or drawn in, so as to increase or diminish the
diameter of the extensible pulley. Two small tension pulleys n, n¹, are provided,
the pulley being adjustable to take up the slack or let out the cord as the
diameter of the extensible pulley is diminished or increased.
The shaft or axle m carries at the opposite end to the pulley an excentric o, to
which is attached by a strap the rod p. This rod p by means of the rocking arms
q and keyed on the rock shaft s actuates the rod t, to which is attached tho pusher
bar u.
This pusher bar u is covered with india rubber or other suitable material,
and is intended to rest on the paper and push it forward sheet by sheet into the
bite of a pair of feed rollers E and F, which conduct the sheets of paper to the
drum H.

page_text: The roller E is mounted in swinging bearings e' keyed to the axle e², on which
is also keyed the bent arm D. This arm D (see Fig. 3) rests upon one end of a
lever B, to which a rising and falling motion is communicated by the rod C
actuated by the excentric o.
By this means the axle e' may be rocked and the roller E lifted off the paper,
except at the commencement and the end of the sheet, so that each sheet may be
placed on the drum H in a regular and uniform manner.
The roller F and the axle are mounted in bearings in a bracket connected to
the frame A, and the roller F is provided with a gear wheel which takes into the
toothed wheel on the drum H and is driven thereby.
The rock shafts has its bearings in the bracket vattached to the frame A, and
this bracket also carries the bearings of a second rock shaft w, to which is keyed
at its centre a bent arm x to form a guide and support for the pusher rod t.
The pusher rod t may be lifted off the paper during the return stroke by the
handle y fixed to the axle w; or this raising of the rod t may be effected auto-
matically by means of the arin z keyed to the axle w and actuated by the lever B
before referred to.
In Sheet II. of the accompanying Drawings is shown a modification of the above
described arrangement, in which the paper instead of being passed between feed
rollers previous to being fed to the supporting drum is fed direct to the drum,
which is provided with clips to seize hold of the paper and retain it while being
ruled.
This modification is shewn as applied to a small machine, in which only one
supporting drum is used. Fig. 1 is an end elevation of the machine; Fig. 2 is a
back view of the paper supporting mechanism; and Fig. 3 is a vertical section;
and Fig. 4 is a detached view taken on the line 1, 2, of Fig. 3, of the ruling and
inking apparatus.
The sheets of paper to be ruled are placed on the table a, and are pushed by
hand or by the automatic arrangement above described under the clips 6 mounted
on the axle c, which clips are open to receive them. The clips and their axle,
which is carried by the ends of the drum d, are placed in a recess formed in the
drum and parallel to the axle of the same. The walls e of this recess are formed
by strips of wood, and one portion of these walls e forms a table to receive the edge
of the paper and on which the clips fall, while the other portion of the wall forms
an abutment for the tail of the coiled springs c', which serve to close the clips b on
to the paper, the opening of the clips being effected automatically.
To allow of sufficient time to push the paper under the clips b au amount of
dwell is given to the drum d. This is effected by cutting away several teeth of
the gear wheel ƒ (see Fig. 3), which will allow the gear wheel g' actuated by the
pinion h mounted on the axle of the driving pulley h' to rotate alone, until the
finger g' attached thereto is brought into contact with the finger i attached to the
gear wheel of the drum d, when the wheel ƒ will be moved sufficiently to bring it
again into gear with the wheel g. At this moment the clips will be allowed to
close on the paper, and the drum d in rotating will present the paper to the ruling
mechanism, the paper being held on the drum by the tapes which pass over the
tension pulleys. As the sheets of paper are ruled the clips b open automatically,
and without causing any stoppage of the drum d, and thus liberated the paper is
taken up and directed onto the inclined table p by the second series of tapes o.
To effect this the axle c carries a bell crank, the arm of which, as the drum
rotates, strikes against a stop m fixed on the frame n and causes the axle c to turn,
and thus raises the clips.
As the clips 6 should remain open until the drum stops, the second arm of the
bell crank k is provided with a bowle, which comes (a little before the arm leaves
the stop m) in contact with a balance lever q pivotted at g¹ to the frame, and
provided with a stop intended to arrest the progress of the bowle.
During the time that this bowle is in contact with the balance lever q the latter
is held in a raised position by the cam a fixed on the axle of the pinion s¹, which

page_text: is in gear with the toothed sector t. This sector t is carried by the stud v
secured to the frame n, and is provided with a counterweight lever which serves
to bring the cam s back into its normal position, and also bears against the face of
a cam w fixed on the wheel g. This excentric actuates the sector t, which acting
on the pinion of the cam s causes the latter to rotate, and allows the balance lever
g to drop and the clips b to be closed by the action of their springs c', while at the
same time the drum is set going as before explained.
The sheets of paper are ruled by a series of disc markers provided with inking
mechanism as already described, arranged in a set consisting of three or more
groups, and mounted in a frame a pivotted at a to the main frame n, so that the
markers may be raised out of action if desired. These markers receive the ink
from rollers covered with india rubber, the axles B of which are held in their
bearings by screws y to prevent them from rising.
placed in the ink
excess of ink may
support is provided
Each inking roller takes the ink from a band of flannel
reservoir ; the support for this flannel is inclined, so that the
be returned to the ink reservoir, and each extremity of this
with a regulating screw &, see Fig. 4, by which the position of the flannel with
regard to the roller is regulated.
The supports are in two parts to facilitate the dismounting of the rollers and
markers, and these two parts are held together by the hooks v, the pressure of the
markers on the paper is regulated by the screw with which each support μ is
provided.
It may be here remarked that the apparatus shewn in Sheet I. has a continuous
motion, and consequently sheets of paper of any length can be ruled on both sides,
while the apparatus shewn in Sheet II. is especially intended for ruling small
sheets of paper and on a portion only of such sheets, the size of the sheets being
determined by the size of the drum.
With slight modifications to suit the altered circumstances, the automatic
pushing apparatus can be readily adapted to the machine shewn on this sheet.
Both machines are based on the same principle, and the sheets of paper can be
ruled in three or more colors, while the ruling and inking mechanisms are similar
and are arranged in an analogous manner.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improvements in Machines
for Ruling Paper" as communicated to me from abroad, and explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in
part recited Letters Patent I claim,-
First. The arrangement of machinery for ruling sheets of paper on both sides in
two or more colours by one continuous operation, substantially as described with
reference to Sheet I. of the Drawings.
Second. The arrangement of machinery for ruling sheets of paper in two or more
colours, substantially as described with reference to Sheet II. of the Drawings.
Third. The arrangement of automatic feed for supplying the sheets of paper to
the supporting drums of ruling machines, substantially as described with reference
to Sheet I.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Edward Newton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Third day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand night bundred and seventy-nine