Improvements in the Manufacture of Hair and Wool Carpets.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Hair and Wool Carpets.
I, GASTON DELTOR, Manufacturer, of L'Isle-sur-Sorgue, Vaucluse, in the Republic
of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of carpets from a mixture of wool and hair, the material is
oiled with mineral oil before spinning and the removal of the superfluous oil is effected
after the weaving by means of the fulling mill.
This operation of fulling is delicate, costly and necessitates the use of certain kinds
of hair and wool to the exclusion of all others, as all animal fibres are not capable of
being fulled, and the operation fails or the material is torn instead of being
fulled.
After patient investigation I have discovered a process, which is quite practical in a
commercial sense, for entirely dispensing with the fulling operation in the manu-
facture of hair and wool carpets. By my improved process I obtain a novel product
or carpet non-fulled, handsomer and considerably cheaper than fulled carpets. The
substance and wear are analogous to those of the fulled carpet, but my carpet has
more finish, a much brighter colour, as all lively colours alter in the fulling, and in
its manufacture a saving of thirty five to forty per cent. is effected, a matter of
consideration. With my process I can also use indifferently all kinds of hair and
wool, a thing which is impossible, as I have shown in the manufacture of fulled
carpets.
The essential feature of my process of manufacture is the special mode of oiling
before the spinning and of "un-oiling" or removing the superfluous oil after the
weaving.
Instead of oiling the materials with mineral oil I employ a solution in a cold state
composed for 100 kilogrammes of material to be oiled, of:
This solution
obtained as follows:-
The soap is dissolved in the water by means of heat, the soap water is allowed to cool,
and thereto the oil and acid previously mixed in the desired proportions, is
added.
Materials impregnated with this mixture are thoroughly suitable for the operations
of spinning and weaving.
After the weaving, instead of proceeding to the long and delicate operation of
fulling, I effect the "un-oiling" or removal of the superfluous oil by simply washing
the material in a water bath acidulated with sulphuric acid to the extent of five per
cent. of its volume.

page_text: For this washing operation, the two ends of the tissue are joined together in such
a way as to form a sleeve, which is rotated between two rollers placed above the
acidulated bath; in this manner the piece of material so to speak never remains in
the bath, and the two rollers between which this piece of material passes assist in
expelling the oil by the pressure they bring to bear.
The operation of un-oiling lasts scarcely half an hour, whilst the actual fulling
requires a continuous and methodical labour of about ten hours duration.
After the washing, the piece of material is subjected to the ordinary finishing
operations..
For the weaving I employ satin, as in the fulled article, but I have besides a thick
thread or weft on the wrong side for every five threads or wefts of the right side, the
wrong side forming twilling. This wrong side thread or weft enables the mechanical
action of the fulling mill to be advantageously replaced from the point of view of the
felting" and imparts a rigidity finish and strength to the tissue so that my article
in regard to the quality of resistance is at least equal to the fulled article.
I can at will apply my process of carpet manufacture-not fulled-to plain stuffs
as well as to figured ones. In the latter case, the article will be as a matter of fact
much handsomer than in the case of fulled carpets, since the designs will preserve all
the vivacity of their colouring and the contrast of shades will be more clearly
defined.
Dated this 20th day of September 1898
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Hair and Wool Carpets.
I, GASTON DELTOR, Manufacturer, of L'Isle-sur-Sorgue, Vaucluse, in the Republic
of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
In the manufacture of carpets from a mixture of wool and hair, the material is
oiled with mineral oil before spinning and the removal of the superfluous oil is effected
after the weaving by means of the fulling mill.
This operation of fulling is delicate, costly and necessitates the use of certain kinds
of hair and wool to the exclusion of all others, as all animal fibres are not capable of
being fulled, and the operation fails or the material is torn instead of being fulled.
After patient investigation I have discovered a process, which is quite practical in
a commercial sense, for entirely dispensing with the fulling operation in the manu-
facture of hair and wool carpets. By my improved process I obtain a novel product
or carpet non-fulled, handsomer and considerably cheaper than fulled carpets.
The substance and wear are analogous to those of the fulled carpet, but
my carpet has more finish, a much brighter colour, as all lively colours alter in the
fulling, and in its manufacture a saving of thirty five to forty per cent. is effected, a
matter of consideration. With my process I can also use indifferently all kinds of
hair and wool, a thing which is impossible, as I have shown in the manufacture of
fulling carpets.
The essential feature of my process of manufacture is the special mode of oiling
before the spinning and of “unoiling" or removing the superfluous oil after the
weaving.

page_text: This solution is obtained as follows:
The soap is dissolved in water by means of heat, the soap water is allowed to cool,
and thereto the oil and acid previously mixed in the desired proportions, is added.
Materials impregnated with this mixture are thoroughly suitable for the operation
of spinning and weaving.
وو
After the weaving, instead of proceeding to the long and delicate operation of
fulling, I effect the "un-oiling or removal of the superfluous oil by simply washing
the material in a water bath acidulated with sulphuric acid to the extent of five
per cent. of its volume.
For this washing operation, the two ends of the tissue are joined together in such
a way as to form a sleeve which is rotated between two rollers placed above the bath;
in this manner the piece of material so to speak never remains in the bath, and the
two rollers between which this piece of material passes assist in expelling the oil by
the pressure they bring to bear.
The operation of un-oiling lasts scarcely half an hour, whilst the actual fulling
requires a continuous and methodical labour of about ten hours duration.
After the washing, the piece of material is subjected to the ordinary finishing
operations.
My process of carpet manufacture not fulled can be applied at will to plain stuffs
as well as to figured ones. In the latter case, the article will be as a matter of fact
much handsomer than in the case of fulled carpets, since the designs will preserve
all the vivacity of their colouring and the contrast of shades will be more clearly
defined.
It is obvious that I can employ in the manufacture of iny carpet not fulled, mixtures
in every proportion of any wool and hair, calf, goat, etc.
In the ordinary article, I may also employ for the wrong side jute, flax or
hemp.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A process for the manufacture of hair and wool carpets not fulled consisting
essentially:
(a) In oiling the materials, which are to be treated, before the spinning with a
solution employed in a cold state and composed for 100 kilogrammes of
material to be oiled, of:
4 kilos. 200 grammes to 4 kl. 400 grs. pure water,
0 kilos. 400 grammes to () kl. 400 grs. soap,
0 kilos. 250 grammes to 0 kl. 200 grs. olive oil or refined oil,
Okil
650

page_text: the use of a bath for oiling composed for 100 kilogrammes of material to be oiled,
of:
4 kilos. 200 grammes to 4 kl. 400 grs. pure water,
0 kilos. 400 grammes to 0 kl. 400 grs. soap,
0 kilos. 250 grammes to 0 kl. 200 grs. olive oil or.refined oil,
0 kilos. 250 grammes to 0 kl. 100 grs. sulphuric acid at 66 degrees Baumé,
substantially as herein before described.
3. In a process for the manufacture of hair and wool carpets according to Claim 1,
the use of a bath for unoiling or removing the superfluous oil composed of 95 parts of
water of its volume for five parts of sulphuric acid at 66 degrees Baumé, substantially
as herein before described.
...of Yun 1000
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, Agents.