Improvements in Apparatus for Heating, Cooking, and Lighting by Mineral Oil.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 7th Jan., 1891-Accepted, 7th Feb., 1891.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating, Cooking, and Lighting by
Mineral Oil.
I JACQUES AIME VAGNER of No. 42 Boulevard Magenta Paris, in the Republic
of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for heating cooking and
lighting by mineral oil and it comprises improvements in the burner, in the
mechanism for operating the wick and in the general construction and arrangement
of the heating apparatus.
In burners in which the movement of the wick-holder is obtained by means of a
rack actuated by a pinion fixed or the spindle of the key or winder the maximum
journey or travel of the wick-holder is limited by the space comprised between the
point of contact of the driving pinion upon the rack, and, by the nearest end of the
tube in which or upon which the wick-holder moves. The result is that in burners
which are but slightly raised above their reservoir, the movement of the wick-
holder is reduced to a very limited journey, which necessitates frequent replacing
of wicks. Further, the method of fixing the rack to the wick-holder presents, in
the arrangements ordinarily used, serious defects such as wedging, draught etc. In
these same burners with wick-holder, the methods of placing and securing the wick
are difficult, troublesome and defective.
With the object of remedying these defects I use certain arrangements which I
will proceed to describe in their application to the burner of a petroleum stove
with round wick by reference to the accompanying drawings upon which :-
Figure 1 is a section of the reservoir of a stove with round wick and inner
current of air;
Figure 2 is a view of the wick-holder movement with the piece connecting the
rack to the wick-holder;
Figure 3 is a section of the burner and the rack at a level above the union of
this latter with the wick-holder; and
Figures 4 and 5 are modifications of the movement shown Figure 2.
-
S is the reservoir of a stove with round wick and interior current of air. The
key or winder C carries the driving pinion P. When this pinion gears directly
with the rack A, the maximum course or journey of the wick-holder will be
determined by the distance comprised between the point a, axle of the pinion P,
and the point b, the nearest end of the tube T upon which the wick-holder travels.
Without in any way altering the dimensions or the position of the tube T, or the
position of the key C, and with the object of obtaining the maximum travel of the
wick-holder R upon the tube T, I have recourse to the following arrangement :-
Figure 5, the pinion P, moved by the key C, attacks the rack A at the level of
its axle and may produce the movement of the wick-holder between the point of
contact and the upper end of the tube T, but the rack cannot in any ordinary
burner pass beyond the end of the tube T without inconvenience. To extend the
movement of the wick-holder below the level of the axle of the pinion P with a
rack of no great length, I arrange beneath the pinion P (Figure 5) another
pinion E, which does not touch the rack A, but which transmits the movement of
the pinion P to the pinion P¹, so that at the moment that the pinion P abandons
the rack A, the pinion P¹ gears therewith and may move it downward; if required,
by the reproduction of the same arrangement sufficiently repeated the wick-holder
may descend to the bottom of the reservoir S.
Instead of attacking the rack A by the pinions P, P¹, etc., it is evident that

page_text: these pinions P, P', may become the transmission pinions; and the pinions E, E',
etc., (Figure 4) then become the pinions attacking the rack A.
This latter arrangement will be preferably adopted when a course equal to the
half of the height of the tube T is deemed sufficient; in this case the driving
pinion P and the attacking pinion E (Figures 1 and 2) will suffice, provided that
the diameter of the pinion E is sufficient to bring it into contact with the rack A
in the middle of the height of the tube T.
To communicate the movement of a rack thus actuated to the wick-holder
which travels along the tube T I use the following arrangement :-
:-
To the rack A I firmly fix a piece B (Figures 1, 2 and 3). This piece B is of
such vertical section that it can pass freely between the wick-holder and the wick-
cover (not shown on the drawing), Figure 1, and thus without obstacle raise the
wick-holder up to the end of the tube T. Further, this piece B is bent to a right
angle (Figures 1, 2 and 3) at a slight distance from the wick-holder R and
perpendicularly to the rivet D (Figures 1 and 3), fixed on the wick-holder R. In
its part bent to right angle, this piece B is pierced with an opening O (Figure 2)
of the same diameter as the rivet D, so that this latter enters it with slight friction
and will not shake therein. In this way the rivet D may move horizontally, in
the direction of its axis, with an alternate movement in the opening O. This
arrangement suffices to prevent the effects of draught and of wedging resulting
nearly always from the connection of the rack with the wick-holder.
Evidently the rivet D may also be on the piece B and the hole O made in the
wick-holder.
Finally, to obviate the difficulties of placing and of the method of attaching
the wick on the wick-holder, I have recourse to a special wick-holder represented
Figures 1, 6 and 7-Figures 8 and 9 being variations of construction. In Figure 1
the wick-holder is represented partly in section; Figure 6 is a horizontal section by
the cavities L, Figure 1; Figure 7 is a horizontal section above the catches of the
wick-holder shown Figure 8.
The wick-holder R is a tube of greater diameter than the tube T; it will be
seen hereinafter what diameter it is necessary to give to this wick-holder. The
ends of the wick-holder are bent, see Figures 1 and 8, to be brought to the diameter
of the tube T, which reduces the friction to a minimum. These bent edges of the
wick-holder are cut out, see Figure 8, so as to give passage to the plates M, M,
fixed on the tube T. Within the wick-holder I fix spring plates I, Figures 1 and 8,
in equal number to the plates M M and facing each of them. These springs I
are bent at their free end, Figures 1, 7 and 8 and terminate in one or several
sharp points, (Figure 7). These bent ends of the springs may, in certain cases, be
passed to the outside of the wick-holder, Figures 7 and 8, through openings v
provided in the wick-holder for this purpose. If the free bent ends of the springs
rest directly on the tube T, which is the case in my arrangement when the wick-
holder is at the upper end of its course, the catches of these springs disappear
within the wick-holder which then presents a smooth outer surface permitting it to
receive the wick which is placed over it. The wick thus placed, if the wick-holder
is lowered, the springs I rise on the plates M, M, Figures 7 and 8, and the catches
are driven out of the wick-holder through the slips u, to an extent equal to the
thickness of the plates M, M, and the sharp points of the catches penetrate into
the tissue of the wick and fix it in the wick-holder and it remains thus fixed so
long as the springs bear on the plates M, M. This catching of the wick may be
obtained without the aid of a tube enveloping the wick and upon which the
catches may obtain a fulcrum to secure the wick. But to obtain this penetration
it is indispensable that the diameter of the wick-holder R be such that the wick,
which placed over it, is suitably and sufficiently stretched to permit the penetra-
tion of the catches; otherwise the catches would simply push the wick from the
wick-holder without penetrating it and consequently the wick would not be
secured.
I need scarcely observe that the driving of the catches towards the interior of

page_text: the wick-holder may be obtained in various ways, either by replacing the plates M, M,
Figure 8, by convex embossments or projections N, N, Figure 9 made in the tube T,
or by bending the springs I to a right angle as shown at Figure 1, where the elbow
of the springs bears on the tube T itself to drive back the catches, and bring about
their disappearance or effacement by making in the tube T cavities L Figures 1
and 6, in which the elbows of the springs I lodge when the wick-holder R is at the
top of its course.
Figure 10 represents in section a stove supported on its reservoir.
The part of the wick A' issuing from the burner (Figure 10) is surrounded by
two rings or washers B1, B2, joined together and of suitable form to leave between
them, and facing the wick, a cavity C which is closed on all sides excepting on the
face fronting the wick.
The current of outer air passes between this circular cavity and the combustion
wick as indicated by the arrows (Figures 10, 12 and 13). The inner sides of this
cavity not being reached by the current of air heat and send back radiating heat
which compensates the excess of cold which the violent current of air coming under
the washer B² would produce in apparatus with great draught, which current of
air, if it were not tempered by a counter part, which is in this case the radiating
heat disengaged by the cavity C₁ would prejudice the distillation or vaporisation of
the oil and would only permit obtaining too short a flame. Therefore, this radiating
cavity permits at the same time as obtaining a violent current of air which is not
checked by any appreciable frictional surface, the obtaining of a very large flame
by facilitating the distillation of the petroleum.
Figure 12 represents the same arrangement of the circular cavity constructed of
a single piece D' stamped out and ribbed so that it presents a cavity and may
produce the same effects as the united pieces B' and B2, of Figure 10.
Figure 13 represents a lamp which is introduced beneath a radiator or in a stove
for heating and which simply placed upon a table or other piece of furniture serves
also for lighting. It is provided with a variety of circular cavity C¹ obtained by
introducing a circular ring D³, which may be conical, curved or arched, or simply
horizontal in a capsule or cap E¹ to which I give a suitable diameter to permit the
necessary quantity of air to be fed to the flame and yet limited to the smallest
dimensions possible compatible with conditions above set forth so that there may
always exist in this cap a rapid circulation of air which, licking the sides of the said
cap prevents its heating and consequently the heating of the burner and of the
lamp. This lamp is provided with a glass or a mica chimney.
The disc E surmounting the burner of the lamp Figure 10 is constructed of a
stamped form from a sheet iron plate or a piece opened to shape.
The lower core of this disc being at a level lower than that of the circular end thereof
further throws the inner current of air on the base of the flame in the direction of
the upper portion of the wick and thereby quickens the vaporisation of the
petroleum.
The holes E (see Figure 11 which is a plan view of the disc) being at a lower
level to that of the circular end of the disc permit the current of air which they
produce to reach the flame at a less height and with more energy, so that the flame
cannot close at the top and preserves its vertical shape as far as its upper end.
Figure 18 represents a stove provided with a special arrangement of ventilation
on the flame and on the wick. It permits the use of a very low chimney.
The bottom E of the chimney is provided with perforations F formed to give
passage to multiple currents of air. The currents of air coming by the lower per-
forations strike the upper part of the wick and cool it. The lower current of air
coming under the bottom of the chimney and indicated by the arrows F³ cools the
lower part of the wick. The currents of air coming from the upper perforations
quicken combustion and combat the radiation of heat downward by the sides of the
chimney. They also permit the wick to be kept at a suitable temperature not-
withstanding that the combustion is at a very high temperature.
The perforations F' may be replaced by wire gauze permitting the passage of air.

page_text: With the object of rendering impossible any explosion in the oil reservoir, the
burner is imprisoned in a circular casing F (Figure 18) of small diameter which has
no other communication with the reservoir F than by a tube F connecting the
central reservoir F with the annular reservoir ³.
With the object of recuperating or of avoiding the waste of the radiating heat
disengaged by the chimney H' (Figure 18) which heats the outer casing or drum H³
of the stove itself and disperses in pure loss in the atmosphere, I have arranged
between the drum and the chimney a recuperator constructed as follows. A circular
sheet iron plate H2 (Figure 18) is provided with holes or perforations J¹ by
which air enters.
The depression existing in the annular space comprised between the chimney H¹
and the recuperator H³ determines an ascensional movement of air. The air which
enters by the holes J becomes heated in the annular space and carries the radiating
heat under the vessel submitted to the action of the fire.
The result is a saving of fuel.
To prevent the heating of the burners in the heating stoves with hot air move-
ment, Figures 19, 20 and 21, I compel the cold air to pass on to the burners before it
can enter into the stove to be there heated and then escape into the apartment
to be warmed.
In Figure 20 the air enters by a section K2 at the lower part of the bottom of
the reflector K which section is provided with a sheet iron plate K² bent to a right
angle or curved or arched and facing the burner; in Figure 19 the air enters by
a jacket K2 with or without perforation, surrounding the burner and divided in the
front; in Figure 21 the air enters by a circular or other formed chamber K2 with
or without vertical perforated side.
In the three arrangements Figures 19, 20 and 21 the cold air is compelled to pass
on to the burners and cools them; then it rises in the chambers K becomes heated
therein and spreads into the atmosphere of the apartment or locality to be heated.
Figures 14 and 15 represent a plate holder arranged above a stove to receive
two vessels.
The plate superposed to the stove presents thereto two curves L2, L2, united in
a transversal line corresponding with the centre of the chimney and divides the
products of combustion without hindering their outflow in two opposite horizontal
currents. These curves L, L², prevent this upper plate from sending back upon
the burner too great a radiating heat. The lateral sides M2 which close this double
reflector upon its two lateral sides and serve to support it extend lengthwise with
the plate-holder. In this extension at their lower part they are joined to a plate
forming the bottom of a channel. In their upper part they may be cross-tied at
certain distances and thus be enabled to receive a large number of vessels.
The two curves L2, 12 (Figures 14 and 15) are replaced (Figures 16 and 17) by
a cover having in its central part a transverse projection L³ towards the bottom
which takes the place of the two curves L³, L.
This plate-holder Figures 14 and 15 is surmounted by metal bell M* formed by
the four lateral sides joined at their upper part to a solid plate. This bell is
provided at its upper part with a movable grate or grating which is first placed on
the plate-holder and on which the vessels containing the food are arranged; it is
only then that the whole is covered by the bell M₁ to accelerate the cooking.
The products of combustion rise in two currents indicated by the arrows
(Figure 14) right and left of the bell into the parts N2 N2 (Figure 15) then both
divide into two other currents descending at N³, N3 Figure 15, which escape back
and front of the plate-holder under the lateral sides of the bell.
Figure 22 represents an oven for roasting and browning.
A first culinary preparation O' is placed in the upper part of the oven upon a
plate 02.
A second preparation or a roast O³ is placed upon a plate 0 provided with
perforations O permitting the escape of the products of combustion into the lower
part of the base of the oven.

page_text: A part of the products of combustion may be reserved for direct heating of the
vessels placed upon the conductor of the products of combustion.
The products of combustion intended for the heating of the oven arrive therein
by the conductor P¹ composed of curved metallic plates and lateral sides and spread
within the oven. They are compelled to descend to the perforations Omade in the
plate O to then escape by perforations or sections made in the sides of the oven,
at a lower level than that of their arrival in the oven and also lower than the upper
level of the chimney of the burner.
In this way the preparations placed in the lower part of the oven are cooked from
above in a descending current of the products of combustion.
COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating, Cooking, and Lighting by
Mineral Oil.
I JACQUES AIME VAGNER of No. 42 Boulevard Magenta Paris, in the Republic
of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for heating cooking and
lighting by mineral oil and it comprises improvements in the burner, in the
mechanism for operating the wick and in the general construction and arrangement
of the heating apparatus.
In burners in which the movement of the wick-holder is obtained by means of a
rack actuated by a pinion fixed on the spindle of the key or winder the maximum
journey or travel of the wick-holder is limited by the space comprised between the
point of contact of the driving pinion upon the rack, and by the nearest end of the
tube in which or upon which the wick-holder moves.
The result is that in burners
which are but slightly raised above their reservoir, the movement of the wick-holder
is reduced to a very limited journey, which necessitates frequent replacing of wicks.
Further, the method of fixing the rack to the wick-holder presents, in the arrange-
ments ordinarily used, serious defects such as wedging draught etc.
In these same
burners with wick-holder, the methods of placing and securing the wick are
difficult, troublesome and defective.
With the object of remedying these defects I use certain arrangements which I
will proceed to describe in their application to the burner of a petroleum stove with
round wick by reference to the drawings left with the Provisional Specification
upon which
Figure 1 is a section of the reservoir of a stove with round wick and inner current
of air;
Figure 2 is a view of the wick-holder movement with the piece connecting the
rack to the wick-holder;
Figure 3 is a section of the burner and the rack at a level above the union of
this latter with the wick-holder; and
Figures 4 and 5 are modifications of the movement shown Figure 2.
S is the reservoir of a stove with round wick and interior current of air. The
key or winder C carries the driving pinion P. When this pinion gears directly
with the rack A, the maximum course or journey of the wick-holder will be
determined by the distance comprised between the point a, axle of the pinion P,
and the point, the nearest end of the tube T upon which the wick-holder travels.
Without in any way altering the dimensions or the position of the tube T, or the
position of the key C, and with the object of obtaining the maximum travel of the
wick-holder R upon the tube T, I have recourse to the following arrangement:-
Figure 5, the pinion P, moved by the key C, attacks the rack A at the level of

page_text: its axle and may produce the movement of the wick-holder between the point of
contact and the upper end of the tube T, but the rack cannot in any ordinary
burner pass beyond the end of the tube T without inconvenience. To extend the
movement of the wick-holder below the level of the axle of the pinion P with a rack
of no great length, I arrange beneath the pinion P (Figure 5) another pinion E,
which does not touch the rack A, but which transmits the movement of the pinion P
to the pinion P¹, so that at the moment that the pinion P abandons the rack A, the
pinion P gears therewith and may move it. downward; if required, by the repro-
duction of the same arrangement sufficiently repeated the wick-holder may descend
to the bottom of the reservoir S.
Instead of attacking the rack A by the pinions P, P, etc., it is evident that these
pinions P, P', may become the transmission pinions; and the pinions E, E', etc.
(Figure 4) then become the pinions attacking the rack A.
This latter arrangement will be preferably adopted when a course equal to the
half of the height of the tube T is deemed sufficient; in this case the driving
pinion P and the attacking pinion E (Figures 1 and 2) will suffice, provided that
the diameter of the pinion E is sufficient to bring it into contact with the rack A
in the middle of the height of the tube T.
To communicate the movement of a rack thus actuated to the wick-holder which
travels along the tube T I use the following arrangement:
To the rack A. I firmly fix a piece B (Figures 1, 2 and 3). This piece B is of
such vertical section that it can pass freely between the wick-holder and the wick-
cover (not shewn on the drawing), Figure 1, and thus without obstacle raise the
wick-holder up to the end of the tube T. Further, this piece B is bent to a right
angle (Figures 1, 2 and 3) at a slight distance from the wick-holder R and
perpendicularly to the rivet D (Figures 1 and 3) fixed on the wick-holder R. In
its part bent to a right angle, this piece B is pierced with an opening O (Figure 2)
of the same diameter as the rivet D, so that this latter enters it with slight friction
and will not shake therein. In this way the rivet D may move horizontally, in
the direction of its axis, with an alternate movement in the opening O. This
arrangement suffices to prevent the effects of draught and of wedging resulting
nearly always from the connection of the rack with the wick-holder.
Evidently the rivet D may also be on the piece B and the hole O made in the
wick-holder.
Finally, to obviate the difficulties of placing and of the method of attaching the
wick on the wick-holder, I have recourse to a special wick-holder represented
Figures 1, 6 and 7-Figures 8 and 9 being variations of construction. In Figure 1
the wick-holder is represented partly in section; Figure 6 is a horizontal section
by the cavities L, Figure 1; Figure 7 is a horizontal section above the catches of
the wick-holder shown Figure 8.
The wick-holder R is a tube of greater diameter than the tube T; it will be
seen hereafter what diameter it is necessary to give to this wick-holder. The ends
of the wick-holder are bent, see Figures 1 and 8, to be brought to the diameter of
the tube T, which reduces the friction to a minimum. These bent edges of the
wick-holder are cut out, see Figure 8, so as to give passage to the plates M, M,
fixed on the tube T. Within the wick-holder I fix spring plates I, Figures 1 and 8,
in equal number to the plates M M and facing each of them. These springs I are
bent at their free end, Figures 1, 7 and 8 and terminate in one or several sharp
points, (Figure 7). These bent ends of the springs may, in certain cases, be passed
to the outside of the wick-holder, Figures 7 and 8, through openings u provided in
the wick-holder for this purpose. If the free bent ends of the springs rest directly
on the tube T, which is the case in my arrangement when the wick-holder is at the
upper end of its course, the catches of these springs disappear within the wick-
holder which then presents a smooth outer surface permitting it to receive the wick
which is placed over it. The wick thus placed, if the wick-holder is lowered, the
springs I rise on the plates M, M, Figures 7 and 8, and the catches are driven out
of the wick-holder through the slits u, to an extent equal to the thickness of the

page_text: plates M, M, and the sharp points of the catches penetrate into the tissue of the
wick and fix it in the wick-holder and it remains thus fixed so long as the springs
bear on the plates M, M. This catching of the wick may be obtained without the
aid of a tube enveloping the wick and upon which the catches may obtain a
fulcrum to secure the wick. But to obtain this penetration it is indispensable that
the diameter of the wick-holder R be such that the wick, which is placed over it,
is suitably and sufficiently stretched to permit the penetration of the catches;
otherwise the catches would simply push the wick from the wick-holder without
penetrating it and consequently the wick would not be secured.
I need scarcely observe that the driving of the catches towards the interior of the
wick-holder may be obtained in various ways, either by replacing the plates M, M,
Figure 8, by convex embossments or projections N, N, Figure 9 made in the
tube T, or by bending the springs I to a right angle as shown at Figure 1, where
the elbow of the springs bears on the tube T itself to drive back the catches, and
bring about their disappearance or effacement by making in the tube T cavities L
Figures 1 and 6, in which the elbows of the springs lodge when the wick-
holder R is at the top of its course.
Figure 10 represents in section a stove supported on its reservoir.
The part of the wick A¹ issuing from the burner (Figure 10) is surrounded
by two rings or washers B1, B2, joined together and of suitable form to leave
between them, and facing the wick, a cavity C which is closed on all sides
excepting on the face fronting the wick.
The current of outer air passes between this circular cavity and the combustion
wick as indicated by the arrows (Figures 10, 12 and 13). The inner sides of this
cavity not being reached by the current of air heat and send back radiating heat
which compensates the excess of cold which the violent current of air coming under
the washer B2 would produce in apparatus with great draught, which current of
air, if it were not tempered by a counter part, which is in this case the radiating
heat disengaged by the cavity C would prejudice the distillation or vaporisation
of the oil and would only permit obtaining too short a flame. Therefore, this
radiating cavity permits at the same time as obtaining a violent current of air
which is not checked by any appreciable frictional surface, the obtaining of a very
large flame by facilitating the distillation of the petroleum.
Figure 12 represents the same arrangement of the circular cavity constructed
of a single piece D' stamped out and ribbed so that it presents a cavity and may
produce the same effects as the united pieces B1 and B2, of Figure 10.
Figure 13 represents a lamp which is introduced beneath a radiator or in a stove
for heating and which simply placed upon a table or other piece of furniture serves
also for lighting. It is provided with a variety of circular cavity C₁ obtained by
introducing a circular ring D2, which may be conical, curved or arched, or simply
horizontal in a capsule or cap B₁ to which I give a suitable diameter to permit
the necessary quantity of air to be fed to the flame and yet limited to the smallest
dimensions possible compatible with conditions above set forth so that there may
alway exist in this cap a rapid circulation of air which, licking the sides of the said
cap prevents its heating and consequently the heating of the burner and of the
lamp. This lamp is provided with a glass or a mica chimney.
The disc E surmounting the burner of the lamp Figure 10 is constructed of a
stamped form from a sheet iron plate or a piece opened to shape.
The lower core of this disc being at a level lower than that of the circular
end thereof further throws the inner current of air on the base of the flame in the
direction of the upper portion of the wick and thereby quickens the vaporisation of
of the petroleum.
The holes E (see Figure 11 which is a plan view of the disc) being at a lower
level to that of the circular end of the disc permit the current of air which they
produce to reach the flame at a less height and with more energy, so that the
flame cannot close at the top and preserves its vertical shape as far as its upper end.

page_text: Figure 18 represents a stove provided with a special arrangement of ventilation
on the flame and on the wick. It permits the use of a very low chimney.
The bottom of the chimney is provided with perforations F1 formed to give
passage to multiple currents of air. The currents of air coming by the lower per-
forations strike the upper part of the wick and cool it. The lower current of air
coming under the bottom of the chimney and indicated by the arrows F³ cools the
lower part of the wick. The currents of air coming from the upper perforations
quicken combustion and combat the radiation of heat downward by the sides of the
chimney. They also permit the wick to be kept at a suitable temperature notwith-
standing that the combustion is at a very high temperature.
The perforations F may be replaced by wire gauze permitting the passage
of air.
With the object of rendering impossible. any explosion in the oil reservoir, the
burner is imprisoned in a circular casing F2 (Figure 18) of small diameter which
has no other communication with the reservoir F³ than by a tube F* connecting
the central reservoir F2 with the annular reservoir F³.
With the object of recuperating or of avoiding the waste of the radiating heat
disengaged by the chimney H¹ (Figure 18) which heats the outer casing or drum H³
of the stove itself and disperses in pure loss in the atmosphere, I have arranged
between the drum and the chimney a recuperator constructed as follows. A circular
sheet iron plate H2 (Figure 18) provided with holes or perforations J¹ by which
air enters.
The depression existing in the annular space comprised between the chimney H¹
and the recuperator H2 determines an ascensional movement of air. The air which
enters by the holes J¹ becomes heated in the annular space and carries the radiating
heat under the vessel submitted to the action of the fire.
The result is a saving of fuel.
To prevent the heating of the burners in the heating stoves with hot air move-
ment, Figures 19, 20 and 21, I compel the cold air to pass on to the burners before
it can enter into the stove to be there heated and then escape into the apartment to
be warmed.
In Figure 20 the air enters by a section K² at the lower part of the bottom of the
reflector K which section is provided with a sheet iron plate K bent to a right
angle or curved or arched and facing the burner; in Figure 19 the air enters by a
jacket K with or without perforation, surrounding the burner and divided in the
front; in Figure 21 the air enters by a circular or other formed chamber K* with
or without vertical perforated side.
In the three arrangements Figures 19, 20 and 21 the cold air is compelled to pass
on to the burners and cools them; then it rises in the chambers K* becomes
heated therein and spreads into the atmosphere of the apartment or locality to be
heated.
Figures 14 and 15 represent a plate holder arranged above a stove to receive two
vessels.
The plate superposed to the stove presents thereto two curves L³, L³, united in a
transversal line corresponding with the centre of the chimney and divides the
products of combustion without hindering their outflow in two opposite horizontal
currents. These curves L, L2, prevent this upper plate from sending back upon
the burner too great a radiating heat. The lateral sides M' which close this double
reflector upon its two lateral sides and serve to support it extend lengthwise with
the plate holder. In this extension at their lower part they are joined to a plate
forming the bottom of a channel. In their upper part they may be cross tied at
certain distances and thus be enabled to receive a large number of vessels.
The two curves L, L (Figures 14 and 15) are replaced (Figures 16 and 17) by
a cover having in its central part a transverse projection L³ towards the bottom
which takes the place of the two curves L³, L².
This plate holder Figures 14 and 15 is surmounted by metal bell M* formed by

page_text: the four lateral sides joined at their upper part to a solid plate. This bell is provided
at its upper part with a movable grate or grating which is first placed on the plate-
holder and on which the vessels containing the food are arranged; it is only then
that the whole is covered by the bell M to accelerate the cooking.
The products of combustion rise in two currents indicated by the arrows
(Figure 14) right and left of the bell into the parts N N (Figure 15) then both
divide into two other currents descending at N3, N³ Figure 15, which escape back
and front of the plate-holder under the lateral sides of the bell.
Figure 22 represents an oven for roasting and browning.
A first culinary preparation O' is placed in the upper part of the oven upon a
plate 0%.
A second preparation or a roast O³ is placed upon a plate O' provided with
perforations O permitting the escape of the products of combustion into the lower
part of the base of the oven.
A part of the products of combustion may be reserved for direct heating of the
vessels placed upon the conductor of the products of combustion.
The products of combustion intended for the heating of the oven arrive therein
by the conductor P' composed of curved metallic plates and lateral sides and spread
within the oven. They are compelled to descend to the perforations 0° made in the
plate O to then escape by perforations or sections made in the sides of the oven, at
a lower level than that of their arrival in the oven and also lower than the upper
level of the chimney of the burner.
In this way the preparations placed in the lower part of the oven are cooked from
above in a descending current of the products of combustion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In apparatus for heating, cooking and lighting by mineral oil.
1. Several successive toothed gearings or pinions P. E Figure 4 and P, E, P¹
Figure 5 arranged on the travel of the rack A substantially as described for the
purpose specified.
2. Several toothed gearings P and E as at Figures 1 and 2 whereby the point of
attack of the rack A is brought lower than the axle of the key, substantially as
described.
3. The rivet D in combination with a hole made in the piece B or in the wick-
holder R to form a joint substantially as described.
4. A wick-holder consisting of a tube R provided interiorly with spring plates or
catches I which penetrate the wick and may enter into the cavities L of the tube T,
substantially as described
5. The cavity C₁ formed facing the wick by the pieces B' B* Figure 10,
D' Figure 12, or E' and D' Figure 13, substantially as described.
6. The perforations F made in the bottom E of the chimney to send air upon
the wick and upon the flame in superposed currents substantially as described.
7. The parts and arrangements of parts K* Figures 20, 21 and 22 to prevent the
heating of the burners substantially as described.
8. The position at a lower level than the upper part of the chimney of the
burner, of the sections or perforations 0 and 1 Figure 22 for the escape of the
products of combustion, substantially as described.
Dated this Seventh day of January 1891.
For the Applicant,
W. E. GEDGE,
Agent.