IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSHES OR SHIELDS FOR THE BUNGHOLES OF CASKS OR OTHER VESSELS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR FIXING THE SAME THEREIN
Year: 1869

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
GILLIES, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 2653, did, for Herself, Her heirs,
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said James Gillies, Her
special license, that I, the said James Gillies, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others, as I, the said James Gillies, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should agree with and no others,
from time to time and at all times, during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and the Isle of Man, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSHES OR
SHIELDS FOR THE BUNGHOLES OF CASKS OR OTHER VESSELS, AND IN THE MEANS
EMPLOYED FOR FIXING THE SAME THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst
thereafter

page_text: others) that I, the said James Gillies, by an instrument in writing,
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Offico within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent :
And whereas I, the said James Gillies, by an instrument in writing
under
my hand and seal, did declare the nature of the said Invention
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office on the Eighth day of March
One thousand eight hundred and seventy:
And whereas at the time of the said application for the said Letters
Patent, it was my belief that the essential features of the Invention
consisted as stated in my Provisional and Complete Specifications:
And whereas since filing the aforesaid Specification I discovered that
certain parts of my said Invention, as set forth and claimed under the
third claiming clause of my said Complete Specification, were not new
at the date of the aforesaid Letters Patent, I therefore became desirous
of disclaiming parts of the said Specification, and that part of the
Invention contained under the third claiming clause and otherwise to
alter my said Specification as set forth in a former Petition and Dis-
claimer and Memorandum of Alteration, in respect of which Her
Majesty's Attorney General granted his fiat to me the said James
Gillies, to file the aforesaid Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration
in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the Seventh day of December Onc
thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, and on which day I the said
James Gillies caused my said Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration
to be accordingly filed:
And whereas since the filing of the aforesaid Disclaimer and Memo-
randum of Alteration I have been advised that certain parts of my said
Invention as set forth in the first claiming clause may be construed to
include more than was novel and original at the date of the said Letters
Patent, therefore I am desirous of disclaiming a portion of the said
first claiming clause, so that it may not be capable of being so construed
as to includo and claim anything which was not novel at the date of
the said Letters Patent, as herein-after set forth.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE that I, the said James Gillies, by and with the leave
of Her Majesty's Attorney-General, and for the reasons aforesaid, do
alter the said Specification by striking out of the said first claiming
clause, beginning at line 24 on page 4 of the printed copy of the said
Disclaimer as printed by the Queen's Printers, the words between the
word "The" occurring after the word "First" in the first line of the
letter
A
said claiming clause down to and including the word "a" occurring in
line 26 of the aforesaid page 4, also the words "formed around them "
after the word "thread "
occurring in the said line 26 of page 4.
And in order that the effect of the said Disclaimer and Memorandum
of Alteration may be clearly understood I annex hereto a copy of the
said Specification as it will appear when so amended, the preamble and
testing clause being omitted.
The first part of my said Invention, which relates to an improvement
in the bushes or shields for the bung holes of casks or other vessels, and
by which they are more securely held therein than hitherto, and also
rendered capable of being easily and rapidly tightened at any time,
consists in forming a screw or spiral thread on the outside of the shield
of such diameter that it may be screwed into the said hole.
The second part of this Invention, which relates to the means for
fixing and tightening the shields herein-before referred to into casks or
other vessels consists of a short shaft, on the axis of which is fitted
eccentrically a serrated or fluted boss, which is so arranged that the
shaft may turn round within it.
The shaft is also provided with a cam which is fixed to or forms part
of itself, and so situated that when the tool is placed in the hole of the
shield and the shaft turned round the cam seizes against the interior of
the hole, and this holds the boss so firmly therein that on applying a
twisting force by means of a wrench or lever the shield is also turned
round and securely tightened in the hole.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood.I
now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into
effect, that is to say :-
On the appended Sheet of Drawings Figure 1 is an elevation, and

page_text: Figure 2, a vertical section of one form of the improved bush or shield
which constitutes the first part of my Invention.
The bush or shield A. is formed with a screw or spiral thread B on the
outside, as shown on the Drawing, by which it is fixed in the bung hole
of the cask or other vessel, the screw or spiral thread being of such
diameter that it may be screwed into the same hole. The upper edge
of the hole or opening in the bush or shield is formed slightly bevelled,
as shown more particularly in section at Figure 2; into this hole or
opening a cork or bung is driven in the usual manner.
The bushes or shields shewn on the appended Drawings are fixed and
tightened in the bung holes of the casks or other vessels to which they
are applied by means of the tool, shewn in elevation at Figure 6, and in
plan at Figure 7. This tool consists of a short shaft E, on the axis of
which is fitted eccentrically a serrated or fluted boss F, which boss is so
arranged that the shaft may turn round a certain distance within it.
The shaft E is likewise provided with a cam G which is fixed to or forms
part of itself, and is so situated that when the tool is placed in the hole
or opening of the bush or shield and the shaft turned round by means of
a wrench, lever, or key fitted on its upper end at I, the cam G seizes
against the interior of the hole or opening in the bush or shield and
this holds the boss F as firmly therein, that on applying a twisting force
to the wrench, lever, or key herein-before described, the shield is also
turned round and securely tightened in the hole or opening of the
bush or shield. The hole in the stave of the cask into which the bush
is to be inserted is bored or widened out to a taper corresponding to the
diameter of the smaller part or bottom of the thread of the bush, so
that it may enter the said hole in the stave, and when turned round
therein by means of the eccentric tool the screw in the bush cuts a
corresponding thread in the hole in the stave so that it becomes firmly
retained therein; thus a tap for cutting the thread in the wood is rendered
unnecessary.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may be used
or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that
what I consider novel and original and therefore claim as the Inven-
tion secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent
is,-

page_text: First. The screwed thread, as herein-before described and shewn at
Figures 1 and 2 of the appended Sheet of Drawings.
Second. The arrangement and construction of tool or instrument for
either inserting or taking out the bushes or shields, as herein-before
described and shewn at Figures 6 and 7 of the appended Sheet of
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Gillies, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of January, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six.
Temple.
JOHN HOLKER,
Attorney-General.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
GILLIES, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Ninth day of Septem-
ber, One thousand cight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 2653, did for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Gillies, Her special license, that I, the said James Gillies, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Gillies, my executors, administrators and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter.
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,...
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ircland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, an Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN BUSHES OR SHIELDS FOR THE BUNG HOLES OF CASES OR OTHER
VESSELS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR FIXING THE SAME THEREIN," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Gillies, my executors

page_text: or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent:
And whereas I, the said James Gillies, did prepare an instrument in
writing, under my hand and seal, purporting to declare the nature of the
said Invention and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
caused the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
Eighth day of March One thousand eight hundred and seventy:
And whereas since the filing of the said Specification I have dis-
covered that certain parts of my said Invention as set forth and claimed
under the third claiming clause of my said Specification were not new
at the date of the aforesaid Letters Patent, I am therefore desirous of
disclaiming the said third claim of my said Specification and of altering
my said Specification so that it may not be capable of being so construed
as to include and claim anything which is not novel as herein-after set
forth.
NOW KNOW YE that I, the said James Gillies, by and with the leave
of Her Majesty's Attorney-General, and for the reasons aforesaid, do
strike out of the Specification as printed by the Queen's Printers, and
published at the Great Seal Patent Office in One thousand eight hundred
and seventy, the words beginning at and inclusive of the word "under,"
which occurs on line 23, and ending at and including the word "tight"
on line 31 of page 3. I also strike out from page 4 of the said printed
copy of the said Specification, the whole of lines 19 to 32, both
inclusive. I also strike out the word "or" which occurs between the
words "eccentrically " and "serrated" on line 1, pago 5 of the said
printed copy of the said Specification, and substitute therefor
word "a." I also strike out from the said page 5 the whole of
lines 12 to 18, both inclusive; I also strike out the third claiming clauso
constituting lines 3, 4, and 5 on page 6 of the said printed copy of the
said Specification.
the
lottor
^
And in order that the effect of the said Disclaimer and Memorandum
of Alteration may be clearly understood I annex hereto a copy of the
said Specification as it will appear when so amended, the preamble and
testing clause being omitted.

page_text: The first part of my said Invention which relates to an improvement
in the bushes or shields for the bung holes of casks or other vessels, and
by which they are more securely held therein than hitherto, and also,
rendered capable of being easily and rapidly tightened at any time,
;consists in forming a screw or spiral thread on the outside of the shield
bo
of such diameter that it may, screwed into the said hole.
The second part of this Invention which relates to the means for
fixing and tightening the shields, herein-before referred to, into casks or
other vessels, consists of a short shaft, on the axis of which is fitted
eccentrically a serrated or fluted boss, which is so arranged that the
shaft may turn round within it. The shaft is also provided with a cam,
which is fixed to or forms part of itself, and so situated that when the
tool is placed in the hole of the shield and the shaft turned round the
cam seizes against the interior of the hole, and this holds the boss so
firmly therein that on applying a twisting force by means of a wrench
or lever the shield is also turned round and securely tightened in the
hole.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I
now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into
effect, that is to say:
On the appended Sheet of Drawings, Figure 1 is an clevation and
Figure 2 a vertical section of one form of the improved bush or shield
which constitutes the first part of my Invention.
The bush or shield A is formed with a screw or spiral thread B on the
outside, as shewn on the Drawing, by which it is fixed in the bung holo
of the cask or other vessel, the screw or spiral thread being of such
diameter that it may be screwed into the same hole. The upper, edge of
the hole or opening in the bush or shield is formed slightly bevelled, as
shewn more particularly in section at Figure 2; into this hole or
opening a cork or bung is driven in the usual manner.
The bushes or shields shewn on the appended Drawings, are fixed and
tightened in the bung holes of the casks or other vessels to which they
are applied by means of the tool shown in elevation at Figure 6 and in
plan at Figure 7. This tool consists of a short shaft E, on the axis of
which is fitted eccentrically a serrated or fluted boss F, which boss is so
arranged that the shaft may turn round a certain distance within it.

page_text: The shaft E is likewise provided with a cam G which is fixed to or
forms part of itself, and is so situated that when the tool is placed in the
hole or opening of the bush or shield, and the shaft turned round by
means of a wrench, lever, or key, fitted on its upper end at I, the cam
G seizes against the interior of the hole or opening in the bush or shield,
and this holds the boss F as firmly therein, that on applying a twisting
force to the wrench, lever, or key herein-before described, the shield is
also turned round and securely tightened in the hole or opening of the
bush or shield.
The hole in the stave of the cask, into which the bush is to be
inserted, is bored or widened out to a taper corresponding to the
diameter of the .smaller part or bottom of the thread of the bush, so
that it may enter the said hole in the stave, and when turned round
therein by means of the eccentric tool the screw in the bush cuts a
corresponding thread in the hole in the stave, so that it becomes firmly
retained therein, thus a tap for cutting the thread in the wood is
rendered unnecessary.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
system, mode, or manner, in or under which the same is or may be used
or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that
what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim as the In-
vention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,-
First. The construction of metallic bushes or shields for the bung-
holes of casks in such manner that they are held in the said bung holes
by means of a screwed thread formed around them, as herein-before
described and shewn at Figures 1 and 2 of the appended Sheet of
Drawings.
Second. The arrangement and construction of tool or instrument for
either inserting or taking out the bushes or shields, as herein-before
described and shewn at Figures 6 and 7 of the appended Sheet of
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Gillies, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-seventh day of October One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
JAMES GILLIES. (L.S.)

page_text: I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-named James
Gillies to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification
to which the same relates, the above-written
above-written Disclaimer and
5 Memorandum of Alteration.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Gillies, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSHES
OR SHIELDS FOR THE BUNGHOLES OF CASKS OR OTHER VESSELS, AND IN THE
Sealed the 1st March 1870, and dated the 9th September 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Gillies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th September 1869.
I, JAMES GILLIES, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BUSHES OR SHIELDS FOR THE BUNGHOLES OF CASKS OR OTHER VESSELS, AND
IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR FIXING THE SAME THEREIN," to be as follows, that
is to say :-
The first part of this Invention, which-relates to an improvement in
the bushes or shields for the bungholes of casks or other vessels, and by

page_text: which they are more securely held therein than hitherto, and also
rendered capable of being easily and rapidly tightened at any time,
consists in forming a screw or spiral thread on the outside of the shield
of such diameter that it may be screwed into the said hole. Under this
head of the Invention is also comprised the doing away with the use of
corks or bungs for closing bungholes; this is effected by forming a screw
thread on the interior of the shield, and in employing a metallic plug on
which a corresponding screw_thread is also formed, so that the plug may
be screwed into the shield; and the upper part of the plug is provided
with an elastic ring or pad, so that as the plug and shield are screwed
together the elastic ring or pad is compressed and the joint made tight.
The second part of this Invention, which relates to the means for
fixing and tightening the shields herein-before referred to into casks or
other vessels, consists of a short shaft, on the axis of which is fitted
eccentrically a serrated or fluted boss, which is so arranged that the
shaft may turn round within it. The shaft is also provided with a cam,
which is fixed to or forms part of itself, and so situated that when the
tool is placed in the hole of the shield and the shaft turned round, the
cam seizes against the interior of the hole, and this holds the boss so
firmly therein that on applying a twisting force by means of a wrench or
lever the shield is also turned round and securely tightened in the hole.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Gillies in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th March 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
GILLIES, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the 33rd
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give.
and grant unto me, the said James Gillies, Her special license that
I, the said James Gillies, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said James Gillies, my executors, administrators,

page_text: or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSHES OR SHIELDS
FOR THE BUNGHOLES OF CASKS OR OTHER VESSELS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED
FOR FIXING THE SAME THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said James Gillies, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and causo
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Gillies, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
The first part of my said Invention, which relates to an improvement
in the bushes or shields for the bungholes of casks or other vessels, and
by which they are more securely held therein than hitherto, and also
rendered capable of being easily and rapidly tightened at any time,
consists in forming a screw or spiral thread on the outside of the shield
of such diameter that it may be screwed into the said hole. Under this
head of the Invention is also comprised the doing away with the use of
corks or bungs for closing bungholes. This is effected by forming a
screw thread on the interior of the shield, and in employing a metallic
plug, on which a corresponding screw thread is also formed, so that the
plug may be screwed into the shield, and the upper part of the plug is
provided with an elastic ring or pad, so that as the plug and shield are
screwed together the elastic ring or pad compressed and the joint
made tight.
The second part of this Invention, which relates to the means for
fixing and tightening the shields herein-before referred to into casks or
other vessels, consists of a short shaft, on the axis of which is fitted
eccentrically a serrated or fluted boss, which is so arranged that the shaft
may turn round within it; the shaft is also provided with a cam, which
is fixed to or forms part of itself, and so situated that when the tool is

page_text: placed in the hole of the shield, and the shaft turned round, the cam
seizes against the interior of the hole, and this holds the boss so firmly
therein that on applying a twisting force by means of a wrench or lever
the shield is also turned round and securely tightened in the hole.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood
I now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into
effect, that is to say :-
On the appended Sheet of Drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation and
Figure 2 a vertical section of one form of the improved bush or shield
which constitutes the first part of my Invention.
The bush or shield A. is formed with a screw or spiral thread B on the
outside, as shown on the Drawing, by which it is fixed in the bunghole
of the cask or other vessel, the screw or spiral thread being of such
diameter that it may be screwed into the said hole. The upper edge of
the hole or opening in the bush or shield is formed slightly bevelled, as
shown more particularly in section at Figure 2; into this hole or
opening a cork or bung is driven in the usual manner.
Figure 3 is an elevation, Figure 4 a vertical section, and Figure 5 a
plan of another form of bush or shield. In this instance a metallic
stopper or plug C is employed for stopping or closing the bunghole in
lieu of the ordinary cork or bung.
The interior of this bush or shield D is formed with a screw thread, as
shown more particularly in section at Figure 4, and a corresponding
screw thread is also formed on the metallic stopper or plug C, so that
the stopper or plug may be screwed into the bush or shield D. The
upper part of the stopper or plug C is provided with an india-rubber or
other elastic and compressible ring or pad M, which on the stopper or
plug being screwed into the shield D is compressed between the upper
part of the plug or stopper C and a flanch or collar x formed for that
purpose on the bush or shield D, the joint by this means being made
tight.
The bushes or shields shown on the appended Drawings are fixed and
tightened in the bungholes of the casks or other vessels to which they
are applied by means of the tool shown in elevation at Figure 6, and in
plan at Figure 7. This tool consists of a short shaft E, on the axis of

page_text: which is fitted eccentrically or serrated or fluted boss F, which boss is so
arranged that the shaft may turn round a certain distance within it.
The shaft E is likewise provided with a cam G, which is fixed to or
forms part of itself, and is so situated that when the tool is placed in
the hole or opening of the bush or shield and the shaft turned round by
means of a wrench, lever, or key fitted on its upper end at I, the cam G
seizes against the interior of the hole or opening in the bush or shield,
and this holds the boss F so firmly therein that on applying a twisting
force to the wrench, lever, or key herein-before described the shield is
also turned round and securely tightened in the hole or opening of the
bush or shield.
In order to facilitate the removal of the metallic stopper or plug C
from the shield when necessary it (the plug) is formed with a recess or
opening J on the top, more particularly shown in section at Figure 4,
into which recess the correspondingly formed portion K of the tool N,
shown at Figure 8, is introduced, and a wrench, lever, or key applied to
the other end L of the tool, or the metallic stopper or plug C may be
removed from the shield by any other suitable mechanism.
The hole in the stave of the cask into which the bush is to be inserted
is bored or widened out to a taper corresponding to the diameter of the
smaller part or bottom of the thread of the bush, so that it may enter
the said hole in the stave, and when turned round therein by means of
the eccentric tool the screw in the bush cuts a corresponding thread in
the hole in the stave, so that it becomes firmly retained therein, thus a
tap for cutting the thread in the wood is rendered unnecessary.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may be used
or practically carried into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that
what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The construction of metallic bushes or shields for the bungholes
of casks in such manner that they are held in the said bungholes by
means of a screwed thread formed around them, as herein-before
described and shown at Figures 1 and 2 of the appended Sheet of
Drawings.
Second. The arrangement and construction of tool or instrument for
either inserting or taking out the bushes or shields, as herein-before

page_text: described and shown at Figures 6 and 7 of the appended Sheet of
Drawings.
Third. The arrangement and construction of metallic bung and shield
as herein-before described and shown at Figures 3, 4, and 5 of the
appended Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Gillies, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of March One thousand eight
hundred and seventy.