Improvements in the Means and in Apparatus for Cooking and Sterilizing, applicable also for other purposes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Aug., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 17th May, 1895-Accepted, 17th Aug., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Means and in Apparatus for Cooking and
Sterilizing, applicable also for other purposes.
I, EDWARD WILLIAM PARISH of No. 1 Elmdale Street Belgrave Leicester
in the County of Leicester Traveller do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the means and in apparatus for cooking
and sterilizing, applicable also for other purposes some of which are hereinafter
described. The object of this invention is to provide a simple means aided by a
"lower pressure" apparatus which is capable of automatically regulating the
temperature so that it never exceeds 210° F. however strong it may be fed whether
by its own furnace, or by a fire, gas or oil stove, as the case may be; being the
outcome of experiments made by the utensils or vessels forming the subject of my
former Patent No. 9579 of 1890 which consists in contrivances for cooking by
super heated steam, food, fodder and other articles.
By similar means I am now enabled by cooking in "partial vacio" to make
extracts, to distil volatile oils, extract oils from seeds, prepare maize or other grain
for distillation, sterilize milk in bulk, drying wood fibre, saw-dust for packing after
extracting the turpentine and moisture therefrom, also for mixing fats, volatile or
other oils, washing clothes, goods or yarns, and re-constructing the apparatus so
that a large size can be made half the size without departing from the principles of
my_invention.
To carry out my invention I make the apparatus of any suitable metal, or
combinations of one or more kinds of metal, and of suitable shape and dimensions
according to the capacity desired, and provide as in the Patent above referred to,
a pan or water container mounted upon, or forming the upper part of a suitable
furnace, gas or oil stove, into this pan is fitted an outer cylinder or condenser
provided with a steam outlet in the side thereof below the upper edge or rim of
the pan, and a flange to cover the said upper edge or rim of the pan, the said outer
cylinder encloses a somewhat smaller inner cylinder, or cylindrical body, the
bottom of which is some little distance from the bottom edge or rim in order to
form a generating chamber for the steam, which may either be forced through holes
in the bottom of the inner cylinder, or pass through holes in the lower portion
or walls of the generating chamber when a solid bottom is used to the inner
cylinder.
To adapt the apparatus for the purpose of making extracts and syrups the inner
cylinder will be provided with a lid having a steam tight joint, and when used for
extracting volatile oils and the like the lid may carry a removable nozzle passing
through the top of the outer cylinder for the purpose of condensation. A lot of
extractive matter being more or less of a volatile nature it makes a great difference
whether such operation of extraction is conducted at a "high" or "low" temperature
s the loss of volatile constituents by prolonged or "excessive" heating, the
extracts" become more or less inert, owing to the readiness with which vegetable
principles are exposed to heat and air. On this account it is usual to avoid
vaporation as much as possible, but when this is impracticable, evaporation in
artial vacio is resorted to by "vacuum pans" conducted upon the "high
ressure" system. By this my invention the complications and expense of “high
"

page_text: "
pressure apparatus is dispensed with. Vegetable extracts or the like being
produced by aid of my apparatus by cooking at a low temperature and as before
stated in "partial vacio" owing to the pressure of steam being concentrated upon
the outlet hole in the outer cylinder which is greater than the atmospheric pressure,
and the contents of the inner chamber is thus hermetically sealed, and cooked
entirely free from atmospheric influence.
In the manufacture of fragrant volatile oils of lemon or lavender and for
preparing maize, rice or other grain for distillation it is necessary to distil them
along with water so as to avoid over-heating the oils and consequently causing
injury thereto. By the use of my apparatus not only is the flavour improved but
there is a palpable saving of volatile matter, by its simplicity in action, and it
being thoroughly steam jacketted and working entirely free from atmospheric
influence. In my process of treating maize, rice or other grain by the apparatus
bereinbefore referred to owing to the gradual cooking at a regulated temperature
below boiling point, a very large percentage of the starch is changed to "dextrine,"
this can only be otherwise accomplished by elaborate, expensive and complicated
machinery or apparatus.
To extract oil from linseed or other meal, the inner cylinder is fitted with shallow
trays upon which the meal is spread, and a series of blades, shovels, spades or rakes
are irregularly disposed around a vertical revolving shaft, moving within the trays
for the purpose of turning the meal over at intervals during the process of heating.
The upper end of the shaft passes through the top of both cylinders and is put in
motion by spur or worm gearing, or other such well known devices, turned by
handle on end of the gear shaft in order to impart a quick motion to the said
revolving shaft.
For the purpose of sterilizing milk in bulk the inner cylinder may take the form
of the ordinary portable milk can, of a conical shape so much used in the transit of
milk by rail when it has been covered by the outer cylinder of my apparatus, and
the required temperature of 180° F. or thereabouts has been attained the milk can
is hermetically sealed. The outer cylinder is then taken off and removed out of
the water pan in which it and the can rests, the milk can is then rapidly cooled by
applying cold water in any suitable manner to the outer surface of the can or milk
holder. The beat is thus extracted from the milk by the rapid evaporation of the
cold water upon the outer surface of the metal. Or for rapidly cooling the metal
can or milk holder I may employ a spiral (or spirals) of hollow tubing thickly
perforated with holes which shall completely encircle the can, or milk holder, so
that when the cold water has been turned on from supply it is discharged upon all
parts of the can at one time. By these means milk can be kept good for a
considerable time. In employing my apparatus for drying wood fibre, or sawdust
required for packing purposes which shall be free from turpentine or moisture, or
for the purpose of evaporating the moisture from wood fibre and the like the inner
cylinder is fitted with a lid provided with a steam tight joint, and with or without
a pressure valve, also a detachable nozzle which is carried through the top of the
outer cylinder to carry off the moisture from the material in the inner cylinder.
To adapt my apparatus for the purpose of mixing fats, volatile or other oils, the
water in the bottom pan may be heated by a steam coil arranged underneath the
bottom of the inner cylinder. The feed pipe to the coil passing through the side
of the bottom pan. And the vertical revolving shaft before mentioned is employed
for stirring the fats or oils within the inner cylinder, in consequence of the volatile
fumes mixing with the steam generated from the bottom pan the now existing
danger of "ignition" is greatly reduced.
To adapt my apparatus for washing or bleaching purposes whereby clothes or
other laundry articles or material shall not lose their colour and that stains can be
thoroughly removed therefrom, especially in undyed or white goods, or yarns from
the fact that they are not boiled when put into the inner cylinder and covered with
water, but scalded till boiling point and no longer, when they are taken out an
immediately put into a bath of cold water and soda to start the dirt or ditch, they

page_text: are then soaped and rubbed and put again into the inner cylinder or cylindrical
body and again brought to 210° F. when again removed they are rung out in "blue
water." To stur the clothes while in the inner cylinder (which may be in this
case corrugated on the sides or bottom to form a rubbing surface) I employ the
revolving shaft and heaters connected therewith, thus forming a combined steam
jacketted boiler and washer.
When desired, especially for domestic uses, or for chemical use, that a large size
of apparatus is to be made of half the capacity both the inner and outer cylinders
are made in two portions or sections, the one removable from the other, the upper
portion of the outer cylinder fitting into a gutter or spout arranged round the
inside of the lower portion and forming an air or steam tight joint by the steam
condensing into the said gutter or spout. By removing the bottom portions of
both cylinders from the bottom pan, the top portions form the cylinders, both
portions of the outer cylinder in this case being provided with a flange to rest upon
the upper edge or rim of the bottom pan.
It is well known that soluble ferments act most rapidly at a temperature of
167° F. and are destroyed by boiling, but by my apparatus and the means therein
employed this is entirely obviated from the fact that the temperature is auto-
matically regulated by cooking in "partial vacio" and does not exceed 210° F.
When gas, or oil is used as a fuel such temperature can be regulated to any desired
degree below 210° F. and may be registered by securing a thermometer to the
outer cylinder, the bulb of which passing through the top thereof.
The employment of a "low pressure system consisting of containing and
condensing cylinders forming with a pan a combination of a steam generator and
steam jacketted apparatus working direct from its own furnace and cooking in
partial vacium has not hitherto been used for the purposes herein before
referred to.
Dated this 16th day of August 1894
W. B. MAXFIELD,
Applicant's Agent.
Improvements in the Means and in Apparatus for Cooking and
Sterilizing, applicable also for other purposes.
I, EDWARD WILLIAM PARISH of No. 1 Elmdale Street Belgrave Leicester in
the County of Leicester Traveller do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the means and in apparatus for cooking
and sterilizing, applicable also for other purposes some of which are hereinafter
described.
The object of this invention is to provide simple means aided by a "lower
pressure" apparatus which is capable of automatically regulating the temperature
so that it never exceeds 210° F. however strong it may be fed whether by its own
furnace, or by a fire, gas or oil stove, or steam jet, as the case may be; being the
outcome of experiments made by the utensils or vessels forming the subject of my
former Patent No. 9579 of 1890 which consists of contrivances for cooking by
super heated steam, food, fodder and other articles.
By similar and improved means I am now enabled by cooking (at a slightly
increased pressure) to make extracts, to distil volatile oils, extract oil from seeds,
prepare maize or other grain for distillation, sterilize milk in bulk, drying wood
fibre, saw-dust for packing, after extracting the turpentine and moisture therefrom,
also for mixing fats, volatile or other oils, washing clothes, goods or yarns and so

page_text: constructing the apparatus that a large size can be made nail the size without
departing from the principles of my invention.
In order that my invention may be well understood I have appended a sheet of
drawings explanatory thereof in which:
Figure 1. Sheet 1, is a view in elevation of any improved cooking apparatus.
Figure 2 a sectional view of the apparatus designed for the manufacture of
fragrant volatile oils of lemon or lavender and for preparing maize, rice or other
grain for distillation.
Figure 3 is a sectional view of the apparatus designed for sterilizing milk in
bulk.
Figure 4. shows the inner can or conical cylinder with the cooling contrivance
around it.
Figure 5. is a view in section of my apparatus designed for washing or bleaching
purposes.
Figure 6, an end view of the apparatus shown in Figure 1 mounted on wheels.
Figure 7 an upper plan view of the furnace used in the apparatus, showing its
internal construction and arrangement of walls therein, and
Figure 8, Sheet 2, is a broken view partly in section of Figure 1, Sheet 1.
Similar letters of reference refer to like parts in all the figures.
To carry out my invention I make the apparatus of any suitable metal, or com-
binations of one or more kinds of metal, and of any suitable shape and dimensions
according to the capacity desired and provide a pan or water container A, for
domestic cooking, I prefer this to be made of copper, but for farm or other use it
can be made of the same material as the other parts. The said pan A can either
be put upon a stove, lamp or the like, or have a rim d to fit on to the upper edge
or rim C, of the furnace B, the outer cylinder C is also, provided with a rim C³,
fitting to the upper edge or rim C³, of the water pan A, this outer cylinder C may
be in one part or more as hereinafter referred to with reference to Figures 1,
Sheet 1, and 8, Sheet 2 of the drawings. Each part is provided with a rim C³,
fitting to the upper edge or rim C³ of the other part. Before the outer covered
cylinder C is placed in the pan A, an inner cylinder, or cylinders D, D** is placed
therein and provided with a steam outlet hole or holes C', which come below the
rims C2, of the outer cylinder, or cylinders C, C** and the rims C³ of the other
parts. The bottom of the inner cylinder D is some little distance from the bottom
of the pan A, although the bottom rim thereof touches the bottom, by this means
a generating chamber is formed, the steam from which is either forced through
holes in the bottom of the cylinder, or cylinders D, D** or when a solid bottom
is put in the former, the steam will pass through holes in the lower portion or walls d',
as the case may be. To adapt the apparatus for making extracts and syrups the
inner cylinder D, as in Figure 3 will be provided with a lid, and for extracting
volatile oils and the like said lid will carry a removable nozzle E, and passed
through the outer cylinder for evaporation. A lot of extractive matter being
more or less of a volatile nature it makes a great difference whether such operation
of extraction is conducted at a 66
'high or "low temperature as the loss of
volatile constituents by prolonged or excessive heating, the "extracts" become
more or less inert, owing to the readiness with which vegetable principles are
exposed to heat and air; upon this account it is usual to avoid evaporation as
much as possible, but when this is impracticable evaporation is resorted to at a
slightly increased pressure. By my apparatus complications and the expense of
high pressure" machines is absolutely dispensed with. Vegetable extracts and
the like are produced by aid of my apparatus by cooking at a low temperature
and as before stated at a slightly increased pressure owing to the steam being
concentrated upon the outlet hole C¹ within the water pan A leaving the inner
chamber D" Figures and 5" hermetically sealed and the articles therein are
cooked entirely free from atmospheric influence.
<<
"
"
For the manufacture of fragrant volatile oils of lemon or lavender, and in
preparing maize, rice or other grain for distillation it is necessary to distil them

page_text: along with water and avoid over heating the oils which would cause injury thereto.
Now by the use of apparatus such as shown in Figures 1 and 8 of the accompanying
drawings the flavour is not only improved but there is a palpable saving of volatile
matter, it being simple in action and thoroughly steam jacketted.
In treating maize, rice or other grain according to my invention a very large
percentage of the starch is changed to "dextrine" by gradually cooking at a
regulated temperature below boiling point, this can only be otherwise accomplished
by elaborate, expensive and complicated machinery or apparatus.
To extract oil from linseed or other meal, the inner cylinder D is fitted with
shallow trays F upon which the meal is spread, and a series of blades, shovels,
spades or rakes G are irregularly disposed around the vertical revolving shaft H
"Figure 2" moving within the trays to turn the meal over at intervals during the
process of heating. The upper end of the shaft passes through the top of both
cylinders and is put in motion by spur or worm gearing I, or other such well known
devices turned by handle on end of the gear shaft i or by power as the case
may be.
I also employ for keeping a supply or storage of heated water the supplimentary
tank or vessel C, with draw off tap C6, and standing on suitable supports, the heat
passing through the flue pipe J from the furnace B, and all the waste heat is
therefore utilized.
Such apparatus or supplimentary tank is made detachable.
For the purpose of sterilizing milk in bulk the inner cylinder may take the form
of the ordinary portable milk can D* Figures 3 and 4 of a conical shape so much
used in the transit of milk by rail. When this has been covered by the outer
cylinder C* either made in sections with the rims C2, C3, or wholly in one as the
case may require, of my apparatus and the required temperature of 180° F. or
thereabouts has been attained, the milk can Dx is hermetically sealed. Afterwards
the outer cylinder is taken off and removed out of the water pan A* in which it
and the can rests, the milk can is then rapidly cooled by applying cold water in
any suitable manner to the outer surface of the can or milk holder. The heat is
thus extracted from the milk by the rapid evaporation of the cold water upon the
outer surface of the metal.
Or for more rapidly cooling the metal can or milk holder I may employ a
spical (or spirals) K of hollow tubing thickly perforated with holes k which shall
completely encircle the can or milk holder, so that when the cold water has been
turned on from supply it is discharged upon all parts of the can at one time. In
the drawing Figure 4. the spiral is shown connected to a rubber tube k' leading to
supply. By this means milk can be kept good for a considerable time.
In employing my apparatus for drying wood fibre or sawdust required for
packing purposes which shall be free from turpentine or moisture, or for the
purpose of evaporating the moisture from wood fibre and the like, the inner
cylinder D is fitted with a lid provided with a steam tight joint, and with or
without a pressure valve "as seen in Figure 3," also a detachable nozzle (not
shown) carried through the top of the outer cylinder C to carry off the moisture
from the material in the inner cylinder.
To adapt my apparatus for the purpose of mixing fats, volatile or other oils, the
water in the bottom pan may be heated by a steam coil arranged underneath the
bottom of the inner cylinder. The feed pipe to the coil would pass through
the side of the bottom pan.
And the vertical shaft "seen in Figures 2 or 5" would be employed for stirring
the fats or oils within the inner cylinder, in consequence of the volatile fumes
mixing with the steam generated from the bottom pan the now existing danger of
"ignition" is greatly reduced.
To adapt my apparatus for washing or bleaching purposes whereby clothes or
other laundry articles or material shall not lose their colour and that stains can be
thoroughly removed therefrom especially in undyed or white goods, or yarns from

page_text: the fact that they are not boiled when put into the inner cylinder and covered with
water but scalded at a temperature not exceeding 210° F., they are then taken out
and immediately put into a bath of cold water and soda to start the dirt or ditch,
then soaped and rubbed, and again put into the inner cylinder or cylindrical body,
and the heat brought up again to 210° F. and when again removed they are rung
out in "blue water.'
"
To stur the clothes or the like while in the inner cylinder I employ the
removable revolving shaft H* and beaters G* connected therewith thus forming
a combined steam jacketted boiler and washer. The sides and bottom may be
corrugated, or have bars g secured thereto to form a rubbing surface. The
removable shaft H is carried in a cross bar L preferably of the form of the
letter X secured in loops on the inner cylinder D.
b
When desired, especially for domestic uses, or for chemical use, that a large size
of apparatus is to be made and readily reduced to half its capacity both the inner
and outer cylinders are made in two portions or sections, the one removable from
the other, the inner portion of the outer cylinder C** "see Figures 1 and 8,"
telescoping inside the removable one C, into a gutter or spout C³, at line X, thus
forming an air or steam tight joint by the steam condensing into said gutter or
spout.
By removing the portion C, and upper inner cylinder Dxx, and fitting the
portion C**, into the pan A the apparatus is reduced to half its previous
capacity.
In reference to Figures 6 and 7 the apparatus is shown in a form suitable for
farm or other public use, and is mounted on wheels of an ordinary character, and
means for pulling it along, the furnace an upper view of which is given in Figure 7
is provided with walls M, having alternate spaces to facilitate the circulation of
the heat, passing from the fire grate N over the bridge N, a heated water chamber
such as C Figure 2 may also be arranged in this form of apparatus.
It is well known that soluble ferments act most rapidly at a temperature
of 160° F. and are destroyed by boiling, but by my apparatus and the meaus
therein employed this is entirely obviated from the fact that the temperature is
automatically regulated by cooking at a slightly increased pressure and at a
temperature, not above 210° F. The employment of a "low pressure" system,
consisting of containing and condensing cylinders forming, with a pan, a com-
bination of a steam generator and steam jacketted machine working direct from its
own furnace, and cooking at a slightly increased pressure has not been employed,
for the purposes has herein specified.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In apparatus for cooking under a low pressure system the containing and
condensing cylinders forming, with a pan the combination of a steam generator
and steam jacketted machine worked direct from its own furnace and arranged
substantially as described with reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying
drawings.
2. The apparatus as shown in Figure 1 in which the outer cylinder is made in
two portions or sections, the one removable from the other, and the inner portion
of the upper outer cylinder telescoping within the removable one, as and for the
purpose substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. In the operation of extracting oil from linseed, or other meal, the employment
of an inner cylinder fitted with shallow trays, and a vertical shaft having irregularly
disposed thercon blades, shovels, spades or rakes for turning the meal over at
intervals, and means for utilizing the waste heat from the flue of the furnace, also
the combination with the aforesaid of gears for driving same.
4. Sterilizing milk in bulk by cooking at a low temperature by means of a steam

page_text: jacketted apparatus constructed and arranged with reference to Figure 3 of the
accompanying drawings and carried out in the manner substantially as herein
described and illustrated.
5. In a milk can, which for the purpose of sterilization in bulk forms the
inner cylinder in accordance with this invention, the perforated bottom rim and
valve lid.
6. The herein described method or means of cooling a metal vessel or can, by a
coil or spiral conforming to the shape of the vessel or can and perforated for the
purpose set forth.
7. For the purpose of mixing fats, volatile or other oils, the employment of an
apparatus having a vertical shaft or stirrer enclosed within the inner cylinder and
jacketted by an outer cylinder in the manner substantially as described.
8. For washing or bleaching purposes the employment of a machine having an
inner corrugated or plain cylinder, a carrying bar, and beaters arranged upon a
removable shaft, water pan with flange for fitting in furnace arranged and
operating in the manner as herein before described with reference to Figure 5 of
the accompanying drawings.
9. Improvements in the means and in apparatus for cooking and sterilizing,
applicable also for other purposes all arranged and operating substantially as
herein described and set forth.
Dated this 16th day of May 1895.
W. BESTWICK MAXFIELD,
Registered Patent Agent,
19 Bowling Green Street, Leicester, Applicant's Agent.