Improvements in Portable Power Driven Machine Tools for Drilling Tapping and like Operations
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 28th Aug., 1897
AMENDED).
Improvements in Portable Power Driven Machine Tools for
Drilling Tapping and like Operations
I, JAMES HENRY MANNING, of Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement.
The object of my invention is to provide a light, portable, self-contained machine
embodying an engine operated by compressed air or steam (preferably the former)
to drive a rotary shaft fitted with a connection to engage suitable sockets to receive
drills, taps, reamers and other tools, and provided with a hand feeding device, and
with a simple reversing gear, so that the machine may be equipped with drills, taps,
reamers, or other suitable tools for the work to be done, and so that a bolt or nut
baving either a right or left hand thread may be driven in either direction; the
whole machine to be of such design that it will be suitable for machine-shop work,
or for bridge, boiler, and miscellaneous structural work, and which may be readily
handled by the workman and held in any position necessary for the work, and he
equally effective in operation whether in vertical, horizontal or other position.
Having thus indicated the general nature of my invention I will proceed to describe
the particular embodiment of it illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is an elevation of the machine facing the main exhaust pipe and at right
angles to the air inlet pipe; Figure 2 a vertical section approximately on the line
2-2 of Figure 1; Figure 2" a detail view of the removable handle; Figures 3 and 4
sectional plan views on the line 3-3 of Figure 1, showing the reversing gear in
different positions; Figure 5 an enlarged detail view approximately on the line 5-5
of Figure 6, showing the eccentric valve and the ports controlled by it; Figure 6
a vertical section on the line 6-6 of Figure 5; Figure 7 a detail view of
the eccentric of the valve; Figure 8 a bottom plan view of the machine with the
lower head of the cylinder or body and parts carried by it removed, and with one of
the cylinders and its piston and the crank shaft shown in section; Figure 9
an enlarged detail plan view of the reversing gear; Figure 10 a side elevation of
the same, and Figure 11 a vertical section.
The saine letters of reference are used to indicate corresponding parts in the several
views.
The central body portion of the machine is composed of the hollow cylindrical
shell A whose upper end is closed by an integral head B, Figures 2 and 6, and whose
lower end is closed by a removable head C, bolted to the under side of the body A.
Radiating from the cylindrical body A, at angles of 120° from each other, are the three
079

page_text: cylinders D D D". The upper and lower heads B C of the body A are provided with
central bores through which extend the opposite ends of a crank-shaft E whose middle
eccentric portion is surrounded by the inner ends of the connecting rods F which are
jointed at their outer ends to the pistons G within the respective cylindera, said pistons
in the present instance being cup-shaped and provided with the usual snap rings H, and
with ears or jaws I between which the outer ends of the connecting rods F are pivoted.
The inner ends of the connecting rods F are forked to straddle one another upon the
crank shaft E, as seen in Figures 2 and 6. The crank shaft E is formed of two separate
parts, which are connected at a, Figures 2 and 6, where, as indicated by the dotted
lines, the upper end of the middle eccentrio portion of the shaft fits in an eye in the
upper arm of the shaft. This middle portion of the crank shaft, between its two arms,
is surrounded by a bushing or sleeve b, around which the inner ends of the connecting
roda Fɓit, while the bores in the heads B and C through which the opposite ends of
the crank shaft pass are likewise provided with sleeves or bushings c.
The head B has bolted to its upper side a cylindrical cap or valve box J, the space
within which, above the top of the head B, constitutes the valve chamber. The
upper surface of the head B within the valve box J is turned off true and smooth,
and forms the valve face, through which open the inner ends of the ports K leading
to the outer ends of the respective cylinders. The inner ends of these ports, which
open through the valve face, are in the present instance of the shape best shown in
Figure 5. Formed in the upper surface of the head B, concentric to the crank-
shaft E, is a circular recess L, Figures 2, 5 and 6, which communicates by a series
of vertical holes M with the interior of the shell A, which latter is constantly open
to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe N. The compressed air or other motive
Huid for operating the machine is admitted to the valve-chamber through a supply
pipe O which has connected to it a flexible tube lending to the source of supply, and
has interposed in it a throttle valve P, Figure 1, operated by a band lever Q, for
controlling the admission of the motive fluid. When the port K leading to the outer
end of either cylinder is placed in communication with the valve chamber the motive
fluid will therefore be admitted to the outer end of such cylinder and drive its piston
inward, while when such communication with the valve-chamber is cut off and the
port K is put into communication with the recess L the motive fluid in the outer end
of the cylinder will be permitted to exhaust through said recess and the ports M into
the shell A and thence out the exhaust pipe N. The valve for controlling the
admission and exhaust of the motive fluid to and from the outer ends of the cylinders
consists of an eccentric R fitted upon the crank-shaft E within the valve chamber
and surrounded by a flanged ring S fast upon the eccentric. The upper and lower
surfaces of the ring S are ground to closely fit the upper and lower surfaces of the
valve chamber, so that the pressure of the motive fluid within said chamber bears
only upon the periphery of the valve and the latter is properly balanced. The
eccentric R is connected with the crank-shaft F, in the manner and by the means
hereafter described, so as to turn with said shaft, and is provided upon one side-of
said shaft with a large opening T, flaring outward at the bottom and extending
entirely through the eccentric from its upper to its lower side, Figures 2, 5, 6, and 7.
Now, assuming the parts to be in the position shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6, the port K
leading to the cylinder D will be in cominunication at its inner end, through the
opening T in the eccentric R, with the exhaust recess L and ports M, while the inner
end of the port K leading to the cylinder D' will be substantially uncovered by the
valve ring S, so that said cylinder will be in communication with the valve-chamber;
and the port. K leading to the cylinder D will be very slightly uncovered by said
valve ring. Upon admitting the motive fluid to the valve-chamber, through the pipe 0,
it will pass freely through the port K to the outer end of the cylinder D', and in
lesser volume through the port K of the cylinder D" to the outer end of the latter,
and serve to force the pistons of these cylinders inward and drive the crank-shaft in
the direction of the arrow, forcing the piston in the cylinder D outward. As the
eccentric R turns from the position shown in Figare 5 the inner end of the port K
leading to the cylinder. D₁ will be gradually closed by the valve ring S, and the- port

page_text: leading to the cylinder D" gradually opened. At the same time the opening T in
the eccentric R will be carried away from the inner end of the port K leading to the
cylinder D, and that port be first closed by the valve ring and then gradually opened
into communication with the valve-chamher, to admit the motive flaid to the outer.
end of the cylinder D; and so on in succession with all the cylinders as the crank-
shaft and eccentric continue their rotation.
If the eccentric R were secured in fixed position upon the crank-shaft the latter
would necessarily always be driven in the same direction, in the manner above
described, but I have provided means for releasably connecting the eccentric with
the shaft and for shifting it to position which will reverse the direction of the
movement of the shaft under the action of the motive fluid. To this end the stem
or hub of the eccentric R is extended upward through the top of the valve box J,
and has keyed upon its upper end a milled hand wheel which has secured. in
it and projecting from its upper side a stud or pin V. The upper end of the
erank-shaft E extends entirely through the hub of the eccentric R and projects
above the same, and its upper end has keyed upon it a dog W of the shape beeb
shown in Figures 3 and 4. This dog is composed of a disk which is cut away at
one side, for approximately one-half the circumference of the disk, the ent-away
portion terminating at its opposite ends in concave shoulders adapted to receive
and fit the stud V on the hand wheel U when the latter is turned until such stud
contacts with one or the other of such shoulders. The dog W has fast upon it.
upper side adjacent such shoulders two flat springs X, each provided with a hole
or recess adapted to fit over the reduced upper end of the stud V and hold the
latter in contact with the shoulder of the dog W. The outer ends of the springs
X are bent upward, to enable the upper end of the stud V to ride under them
when the hand wheel U is turned from one position to another, and become
engaged with the hole in the spring; also to better enable the springs to.be
grasped with the thumb and finger and pressed upward when it is desired to
release the stud from them.
In the position of the parts shown in Figures 4 and 5 the stud V of the 'hand:
wheel is engaged with the upper shoulder of the dog W in Figure 4, and, as has
been explained, the parts stand in suob relative position that when the motive
Buid is admitted to the valve-chamber the machine will be driven in the direction
of the arrows in Figures 4 and 5. If, however, the hand wheel; be turned from
the position shown in Figure 4 until its stud V contacts with the lower shoulder
of the dog W, as in Figure 3, the eccentric valve will be brought into the position
relatively to the porta K leading to the respective cylinders which is shown in
Figure 3. As will be seen by the dotted lines therein the port leading to the
cylinder D is open to the motive fluid in the valve-chamber, and the port leading to
the cylinder D slightly open thereto, while the port leading to the cylinder Di is
open to the exhaust. In this position of the parts, therefore, when the motive fluid
is admitted to the machine the crank-shaft will be driven in the direction of the
arrow in Figure 3, so that the direction of motion will be the reverse of that in
Figures 4 and 5. (The springs X are omitted in Figures 3 and 4, to better show the
parts beneath them.)
It will be understood that inasmuch as the hand wheel U is fast to the eccentric R,
while the dog W is fast upon the crank-shaft, and inasmuch as the springs X firmly
connect the hand wheel and dog together when the hand wheel is turned to its limit
of movement in either direction and brought into contact with one or the other
shoulders of the dog, the hand wheel and eccentric are connected with the crank-
shaft and turn with the latter in whichever direction it may be driven; and that
when it is desired to reverse the direction of motion all that is necessary is to stop
the inachine and disengage the spring X of the dog W from the pin V of the hand
wheel and turn the latter until its pin abuts against the opposite shoulder of the dog
and is engaged by the spring X adjacent thereto.
Bolted to the under side of the cylindrical body of the machine by bolta passed
through the head C and entering the shell A is a yoke A', Figures 1 and 2, in the

page_text: bridge of which yoke, Figure 2, is journaled a short shaft B' which has keyed upon
its upper end immediately above the bridge of the yoke a gear wheel C'. The
shaft is the shaft to which the socket for receiving the tap, drill, or bolt is
Recured, and it is driven from the crank-shaft E' through the medium of a train of
speed-reducing gears as follows: The bridge of the yoke A¹ has secured to one side
of it a laterally projecting bracket E, Figures 1 and 2, in which is journaled the
lower end of a vertical shaft of spindle whose upper end is journaled in the head C.
This shaft has fast upon it immediately below the head Ca gear wheel G which
meshes with a pinion B keyed upon the crank shaft E immediately below the
head C, while tormed upon the shaft or spindle F1 below the gear G is a piniou I'
which meshes with the gear wheel C which is keyed upon the upper end of the
shaft B as heretofore described. In this manner and by these means the shaft B is
driven by the shaft E and at a much lower speed than the latter. The upper end of the
shaft B is bored out to receive the reduced lower end of the shaft E, which fits within
the shaft B and terminates at the point indicated by the dotted line at d in
Figure 2.
The bridge of the yoke A is provided upon its under side with a deep circular
groove concentric to the shaft B¹, to receive the hardened ring J¹ and the balls K',
while the enlarged lower end or head of the shaft 13' immediately below the yoke A¹
is provided with a coincident circular groove to receive the hardened ring L in which
the balls K¹ rest. The end thrust of the machine is taken up by these balls and the
friction between the shaft B' and its bearing surface on the yoke A' or frame of the
machine thereby relieved.
The enlarged head upon the lower end of the shaft B is in the present instance
bored out at M' to dispense with unnecessary weight of metal, and is exteriorly
threaded to receive the interiorly threaded upper end of the removable socket
piece N¹ which is adapted to receive in its lower end the drill, tap, bolt, or other
tool or part to be driven by the shaft B. A pin O is passed through the upper end
of the socket piece N¹ and the threaded lower end of the shaft B to prevent the
socket piece from becoming unscrewed while the machine is in operation. When it is
desired to change the socket piece to fit some other form of tool than the one being
used the pin may be driven out and the socket piece removed and a new one put
in its place.
Bolted to the upper side of the body of the machine by bolts passing through the
valve box J is a yoke P, Figures 1 and 2, whose bridge is provided at its middle with
a threaded opening adapted to receive either the handle shown in Figure 2, or the
hand feeding devices shown in Figures 1 and 2. In the latter views there is screwed
into the opening in the yoke P' the lower end of a threaded spindle Q which is looked.
in position by a aut R, and upon which fits a cylindrical nut St provided at its outer
end with a ceutral bearing point T" and having passed transversely through it a rod
or bandle U¹ for turning it. In drilling or other work requiring a force feed the
point T at the upper end of the not U will be engaged with a fixed abutment
while the tool carried by the socket at the opposite end of the machine is engaged
with the work and forced against the latter by turning the nut S. In work
such as driving stay-bolts in boilers, where a force feed is not required, the bandle
shown in Figure 2 may be substituted for the devices shown in Figures 1 and 2.
The speed of the tool-carrying shaft B' can be regulated by the proportion given the
gearing by which it is driven from the main or engine shaft E', which should be
arranged to suit the work to be done.
My new machine is of such size and weight that it may be readily handled by a
single workman, and moved by him from place to place and held in different positions
according to the requirements of the work, but where it can be conveniently done it
is preferable to suspend the machine from an adjustable counter-balancing device,
which will support the weight of the machine but permit it to be readily moved by
the workman from one position to another.
I am aware that engines of the type I employ in my machine have been before
used as stationary engines, but so far as I am aware I am the first to provide such an

page_text: engine with a reversing gear, and to so adapt it in size, proportion and arrangement of
its parts and combine it with the other necessary elements as to produce a machine of
the character described and suited to the purposes and possessing the capabilities of
my new machine.
Having now particularly described aud ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I would have it understood
that I make no claim to any machine of the type described other than such us have a
multi-cylinder engine intermediate between the tool shaft and feed screw, and the
tool shaft and feed screw in line with each other and with the centre of the machine
or body of the engine, but subject thereto. I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A machine of the character described, comprising a multiple cylinder engine, a
rotary main shaft driven thereby, a reversing gear for reversing the direction of
rotation of the shaft, and a tool-holding shaft driven by the main shaft through a
train of speed-reducing gears, substantially as described.
2. A machine of the character described, comprising a multiple cylinder engine, a
rotary shaft. driven thereby, an eccentric valve mounted upon the shaft and con-
trolling the admission of the motive fluid to and its exhaust from the several
cylinders, and means for shifting the position of the valve to reverse the direction of
motion of the shaft, substantially as described.
3. A machine of the character described, comprising a multiple cylinder engine, a
rotary shaft driven thereby, an eccentric valve mounted upon said shaft, for con-
trolling the admission of the motive fluid to and its exhaust from the cylinders, and
means for connecting the eccentric of the valve with and disconnecting it from the
shaft and turning it thereon from one position to another, to reverse the direction of
notion thereof, substantially as described.
4. A machine of the character described, comprising a multiple cylinder engine, a
rotary shaft driven thereby, the eccentric valve mounted upon the shaft and con-
trolling the ports leading from the valve-chamber to the exhaust and to the cylinders,
the band-wheel secured to the eccentric of the valve, for turning it upon the shaft,
the dog fast upon the shaft, and the clutch devices between the hand-wheel and dog
for connecting them together at the opposite positions of the hand-wheel, for the
purpose specified.
5. In a machine of the character described, the combination of the cylinders D D'D",
the pistons & therein, the rotary crank-shaft E, the rods connecting said shaft with
the several pistons, the eccentric valve mounted upon the shaft E, for controlling the
ports leading from the valve chamber to the exhaust and to the respective cylinders,
and meaus for turning the eccentric upon the shaft and connecting it thereto in its
different positions, for the purpose of reversing the direction of motion imparted to
the shaft.
6. In a machine of the character described, the combination of the cylinders D D'D",
the piston G therein, the rotary crank-shaft E, the rods F connecting said shaft with
the several pistons, the eccentric valve mounted upon the shaft E within the valve-
chamber and controlling the porta leading to the exhaust and to the outer ends of the
cylinders, the hand-wheel U secured to the upper end of the stem of the eccentrio
and provided with a stud V, and the dog W having the two shoulders and the springs X
co-operating with the stud V, as and for the purpose set forth.
7. A machine of the character described, comprising a multiple cylinder engine, a
rotary main shaft driven thereby, a tool-holding shalt journaled in the frame of the
machine at its lower end and driven by the main shaft through a train of speed-
reducing gears, and a force-feeding device located at the upper end of the machine,
for the purpose set forth.
8. A machine of the character described, comprising a multiple eylinder engine, a
rotary main shaft driven thereby, a tool-holding shaft journaled in the frame of the
machine at its lower end and driven by the main shaft through a train of speed-
reducing gears, and a force-feeding device located at the upper end of the machine
aud consisting of a threaded spindle fixed in the frame of the machine and a

page_text: cylindrical nut turning upon said spindle and provided with a bearing point at its
outer end and with means for turning it upon the spindle.
9. A machine of the character described, comprising a multiple cylinder engine, a
rotary main shaft driven thereby, a tool-holding shaft journaled in the frame of the
machine at its lower end and driven by the main shaft through a train of speed-
reducing gears, ball bearings interposed between a collar or enlargement on said
tool-holding shaft and the frame of the machine, to receive the end thrust of the
machine, and a force-feeding device at the opposite end of the machine, for the
purpose specified.
10. In a machine of the character described, the combination, with the multiple
cylinder engine and the rotary shaft driven thereby, of the tool-holding shaft B'
journaled in the yoke A' secured to the lower side of the machine and driven by the
main shaft through the medium of the interposed gearing, the circular ring J' fitted
in a groove in the under side of the yoke A¹ concentric to the shaft B¹, the coincident
ring L' fitted in the groove in the upper side of the collar or enlargement of the
shaft B', and the balls K' interposed between the rings J' I.'.
11. In a machine of the character described, the combination of the multiple
cylinder engine, the rotary crank-shaft E driven thereby, the yoke A' secured to the
lower side of the machine, the tool-holding shaft B₁ journaled in said yoke in line
with the shaft E and having the gear C¹ fast upon its upper end, the pinion H¹ fast
upon the shaft E above the gear C', the shaft F journaled at its upper end in the
head C of the body of the machine, and at its lower end in the bracket E¹ carried
by the yoke A', the gear G¹ and pinion I fast upon the shaft F" and meshing
respectively with the pinion H and gear C¹, and be force-feeding device at the
upper end of the machine, consisting of the threaded spindle Q' fixed in the yoke P¹
in line with the shafts E and B', and the cylindrical nut S surrounding the spindle Q
and provided with the bearing point T' and means for turning it upon the spindle Q¹.
Dated this 29th day of August 1896
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.
Agents to the Applicant
18 Buckinghain Street Strand London W.C.