matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MALT FOR BREWING, COLOURING, FLAVOURING, AND KEEPING ALES AND OTHER FERMENTED LIQUORS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney William Stanbridge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd May 1870.
I, SIDNEY WILLIAM STANBRIDGE, of Canal Bank, Camberwell, in the
County of Surrey, Malster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MALT FOR BREWING,
COLOURING, FLAVOURING, AND KEEPING ALES AND OTHER FERMENTED LIQUORS," to
be as follows :—
The Invention has for its object improvements in the preparation of
malt for brewing, colouring, flavouring, and keeping ales and other
fermented liquors, which malt I propose to name Imperial Amber Malt.
For this purpose I place the malt in a cylinder constructed of wire gauze
or other reticulate material and mounted on an axis of motion over a
charcoal or other suitable fire. Such cylinder is caused to revolve by
means of any suitable gearing or connections so as continuously to turn
over the malt and present the entire surface of each grain to the action
of the fire. The cylinder I prefer to form of silver wire or of a baser
metal plated or coated with silver and strengthened as required by means
of a second and stronger wirework cylinder placed outside the first-

page_text: named cylinder and in close contact therewith. The cylinder may be
mounted on either a horizontal or vertical axis and is provided with a
sliding cover or other suitable door through which the malt may be
examined or tested from time to time, and withdrawn when the operation
is completed. When the cylinder is mounted on a vertical axis I employ t
suitable rotating stirrers or agitators for turning over the malt con-
tinuously as required. The charcoal I prefer to employ for the afore-
said purpose is that prepared from the best willow wood.
Malt treated as above described may be used aloue or mixed in any
desired proportion with other malt.
By this Invention I am enabled to drive off from the malt acids and
other matters which are highly injurious to the purposes for which malt
is required, and beer or other fermented liquor prepared from malt treated
as above described will keep longer than when prepared from ordinary
malt.
What I claim is the mode of prenarine malt substantially as described.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COUPLING AND DISCONNECTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hawley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
December 1870.
I, FREDERICK HAWLEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COUPLING AND DISCONNECTING RAILWAY
CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS," to be as follows:-
:-
It is a well known fact that frequent accidents occur to the porters
or other persons employed for coupling and disconnecting railway
carriages or trucks owing to the necessity (as the couplings are at
present arranged) for the said persons passing between the buffers, and
standing on the permanent way in between the ends of the two carriages
or trucks whilst coupling or disconnecting the same.
The object of my Invention is to obviate the necessity for such
exposure to danger by affording facility for coupling and uncoupling
carriages or trucks from the side without any person passing in between
the buffers or the ends of the carriages, and hence to prevent the
occurrence of such accidents, at the same time that the coupling and
uncoupling are effected in much quicker time than by the usual
arrangement.

page_text: In carrying out my Invention I provide each end of each carriage or
truck with a transverse bar or shaft of wrought iron carried in suitable
bearings either above or below or passing through the buffer blocks.
On this bar or shaft between the buffer blocks are keyed two bosses,
each provided with two arms at right angles to each other, the lower
arm being provided with a hook, and the upper one with a shackle or
link, these rods or shafts are capable of being turned about one-fourth
of a revolution (for a purpose herein-after explained) by means of levers
or handles fixed to their ends outside the buffer blocks, and provided
with suitable stops or catches for holding them in the required position.
All that is required in coupling two carriages or trucks together is to
partly turn one or both of the shafts by means of the external levers
or handles, till the hooks of one interlock with the shackles of the other,
and then to lock them in that position by means of the catch or stop,
all of which is done from the outside. The unlocking and uncoupling
is effected by merely reversing the operation. For wagons and trucks
the shackle is made to slide a certain distance (but not to turn) on the
arm, so as to allow as much play between the buffers as may be necessary
to start each truck singly, whilst for passenger carriages the rod or shaft
passes through or is otherwise attached to the ordinary spring draw bar,
so as to give elasticity of traction, and works in slides or slots above,
below, or through the buffer blocks, being provided with a screw or
other similar arrangement for tightening up the links so as to bring the
buffers into contact, and thus prevent shocks in starting or stopping
the train.
MENTS IN THE COATINGS FOR IRON SHIPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Fawcus and George
Lunge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th May 1870.
We, GEORGE FAWCUS, Shipbuilder, and GEORGE LUNGE, Manu-
facturing Chemist, both of North Shields, in the County of Northumber-
land, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Improve-
MENTS IN THE COATINGS FOR IRON SHIPS," to be as follows:-
We take silicate of soda in solution and mix with it ground chalk,
whiting, or slaked and sifted lime, or other calcareous matters so as to
form a pasty mass, and for the purpose of hastening the drying and
hardening we introduce finely powdered manganese ore or any suitable
cement. The pasty mass is made up as required, and may be applied
with a brush or in any convenient manner to the outside or inside, or
to both the outside and the inside of an iron ship or other vessel. One
or more coats of this composition may be given, and the surface may.
then be finally "smoothed off" or finished. The surface may then be
painted with any suitable paint or colouring matter, or if preferred
colouring matter may be mixed with the composition, but only such
colours as resist the action of alkali should be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING OR SECURING NUTS FOR SCREW BOLTS EMPLOYED FOR RAILWAY OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1870.
I, EDWIN SMITH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOCKING OR SECURING NUTS FOR SCREW BOLTS EMPLOYED FOR RAILWAY OR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is by the means herein-after described to
lock or secure nuts for screw bolts in a more simple, thorough, and
complete manner than has hitherto been acheived.
The first part of my Invention has reference to the manner of locking
a single nut, and is substantially as follows:-The bolt iron is rolled with
a longitudinal groove therein, and the bolt is thus provided with a
groove for the purpose of afterwards receiving a snag formed on the
inside of the washer herein-after described. The washer is of the usual
kind, except that it has the snag just referred to on its inside, and has
also one or more lips one the outside punched into shape to suit the class
of nut intended to be locked.

page_text: The manner of securing the nut is as follows:-The bolt being placed
in position the washer is slid thereon, the snag with which it is provided
sliding in the groove provided in the bolt, as before described, and thus
preventing the washer from rotating; the nut is now screwed as tightly
as possible against the washer, and is in that position secured by turning
down the before-named lip or lips of the washer upon either of the flat
surface or surfaces of the nut. In case it should at any time be desired
to free the nut the lip can be turned up by a blow from a chisel or by
any other convenient means.
The second part of my Invention relates to the locking or securing of
two or more nuts placed upon the face of fish plates or other work. The
bolts here employed may be of the ordinary kind, and when the nuts
have been screwed to their proper position a wrought-iron plate is
provided, by preference /, in thickness, and determined as to its length
by the number of bolts required to be locked. This plate, when in
position on the face of a fish plate or other work to which it may be
affixed, shews square open spaces opening from the bottom, such open
spaces being cut out to drop over the top and two sides of each nut
intended to be secured, and which nuts are made with a sunk recess
or groove about ½ of an inch wide round the sides or edge of the
same to correspond with and receive the edges of the respective
openings in the plate, the said openings being free at the bottom and
closed at the top, thus clipping the top and both sides of each nut, and
thereby locking the whole. This plate is prevented from working
upwards by bending up under the nuts certain projections or slips with
which the said plate is provided at its bottom or lower part, and which
strips, when the said plate is dropped over the said nuts, arc in a direct
plane.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMELTING COPPER AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Gibb and Charles
Gelstharp at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th March 1870.
We, THOMAS GIBB and CHARLES GELSTHARP, both of Jarrow-on-
Tyne, in the County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMELTING COPPER AND OTHER METALS,"
to be as follows:―
In smelting copper the ores are usually melted so as to produce a
regulus and slag, and the regulus which contains copper, iron, and
sulphur is subjected to series of processes of calcination, melting, and
roasting in order to separate the iron and sulphur from the copper.
The present Invention consists in replacing these processes either
wholly or partially by injecting or blowing atmospheric air into the
regulus whilst the latter is in a molten state. The regulus is thus
purified and brought into any desired state of fineness.

page_text: This process is also applicable to the treatment of regulus and spciss
containing metals other than copper, as, for example, regulus containing
silver or speiss of nickel and cobalt, and also to the treatment of
sulphides however obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EARRINGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Angell Green at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st December 1870.
I, RICHARD ANGELL GREEN, of the Strand, in the County of Middle-
sex, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN EARRINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining or adapting to earrings wires for
securing them to the ears, which are so formed as to be rendered secure
in the ear. This I effect by corrugating, beading, undulating, nurling,
notching, twisting, or by producing raised figures, letters, or surfaces on
the said wire.
I carry out my said Invention by stamping, cutting, nipping, filing,
twisting, or other such like means of producing surfaces having
protuberances and depressions.
For instance I make a punch to produce on the wire of the earrings
small raised beads and on each of these beads there may be a device or
letter accordingly as may be desired. I apply this punch to the wire

page_text: so as to produce the beads with devices or letters as aforesaid, and having
thus treated the wire I secure the same to the pendant of the earring by
soldering or other suitable means.
Earrings thus made will be less likely to fall out of the ear and become
lost than those hitherto in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFES AND STRONG ROOMS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mawe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
January 1870.
I, WILLIAM MAWE, of Doncaster, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFES
AND STRONG ROOMS," to be as follows:-
In constructing a safe or strong room according to my Invention in
place of forming the door of the safe to open on hinges as is now usual
I form the door circular and with a screw thread cut around its circum-
ference, a corresponding screw thread is cut in the opening in the safe,
which is to be closed by the door, so that the door may by turning it
round be screwed into its place, and be then secured from turning by
lock bolts.
When in order to open the safe the door is unscrewed, it is screwed
back into a ring of a suitable size to receive it; this ring is hinged to
the side of the safe, so that when the door has been screwed back into it
the ring may be moved away by turning back the ring on its hinged
joint, and when it is desired to close the safe the door may again readily

page_text: be brought into position for being screwed into its place by turning the
ring on its hinge joint, so as to bring it in front of the opening in the
safe, and when the door has been screwed into its place it will be
entirely disconnected from the ring.
The safe I prefer to make of a cylindrical form, and it may be made t
with a screw door at each end, or the back end may have a back screwed
into it and then fixed by destroying the screw thread or by otherwise
preventing its being unscrewed, or the safes may be of spherical form
with one or more doors, as stated above.
By thus employing a circular door to screw into place it will be 1
impossible to break open the safe by driving wedges into the crack
between the door and frame into which the door closes, as the screw
passing entirely around the circular door will prevent the introduction
of the wedge.
A NEW AND IMPROVED UNFERMENTED AND UNINTOXICATING MALT LIQUOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Newman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th April 1870.
I, CHARLES HENRY NEWMAN, of The Retreat, Brentford End,
Brentford, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED UNFERMENTED
AND UNINTOXICATING MALT LIQUOR," to be as follows:-
This liquor is unfermented and unintoxicating. I intend it to be
entitled "Merenda." I produce it from malt and hops as follows:-In
order to produce 100 gallons I use 1 quarter of malt and 6 lbs.
best hops. I extract from whole malt in four mashes, the first mash at
about 160° F. H., the second about 170° F. H., the third and fourth at
about 175° to 180° F. H. The hops I put in cold water, and the hops
are kept stirred under to keep the aroma from flying off, and the cold
water is gently heated up to about 170° F. H., then isinglass about 3 oz.
is used, and about 3 oz. of cloves, the whole strained off at about 170°
F. H. To purify the malt extract I boil and skim it for about 2 hours,
then put it into a cooler, bring it down to 70° F. H., then mix the malt

page_text: & hop extracts together and put the whole into a copper, and bring
them up to about 180° F. H. Then cask and bung down for twelve
hours, and leave for two days or more, then bottle same; bottles to be
placed in cold water heated up to about 180° F. H., then corked and
laid on side for twenty-four hours.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN SLUBBING, DRAWING, AND FINISHING WORSTED AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Feather at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
April 1870.
I, THOMAS FEATHER, of Cleckheaton, and late of Oxenhope, in the
County of York, Worsted Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN SLUBBING,
DRAWING, AND FINISHING WORSTED AND OTHER FIBRES," to be as follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is to arrest the motion of machinery for
purposes above referred to when knots or breakage takes place, and
thus prevent waste of material; this I effect by the use of self-acting
In front of the
mechanism, constructed and applied as follows:
drawing rollers, and immediately above the top of the spindle, I place
a "fork" turning on an axle or stud supported on the top spindle rail.
One end of the fork is in close proximity to the front rollers. These
rollers are liable to be wrapped by the fibre or slubbing, thus waste is
made; when the rollers begin to wrap the slubbing catches the fork,
turning it on its axis or stud operating a rod or bar connected with the
ordinary stop motion of such machinery. The other end of the fork
is provided with an eyelet or aperture through which the slubbing is
passed to the spindle, increased bulk in such slubbing, from any cause,

page_text: on arriving at the eyelet or aperture on the said fork will move the
same on its axis or stud, and operate the stop motion as already de-
scribed. When the slubbing. has passed the rollers in a perfected state
it is liable to breakage, and when such occurs usually wraps around
the upper part of the spindle, the increased diameter of the fibre and
spindle brings the same in contact with a finger (of which it has here-
tofore revolved or worked clear), operating the rod heretofore mentioned
in connection with the "fork," and stops the machine.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Macqueen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
May 1870.
I, JAMES MACQUEEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to those carding engines known as
Wellmann's self-stripping cards, (patented 11 Sep. 1860, No. 2190),
in which self-acting machinery is employed to lift the top flat off the
cylinder to strip it, and to replace it in its former position.
The object of my Invention is to perform the stripping operation
expeditiously, while the time between the strippings can be regulated
at pleasure. To accomplish these objects I disconnect the driving strap
or pulley from the stripping motion. A convenient manner of effecting
this is as follows, but I wish to observe here that the machinery may be
considerably modified. On the ordinary cross shaft supported by the
radial arms is mounted the driving pulley, which is fast to a worm
gearing in a wheel; to the pulley is also fixed one half of a clutch box,
the other half being cast to the ordinary pinion for driving the cam

page_text: wheel; and to the wheel driven by the worm is fixed a cam which
throws the clutch box in and out of gear when required. By this
arrangement the time required for stripping the top flats may be con-
siderably reduced, and the time between the stripping of the respective
top flats can be regulated at pleasure.
My Invention also consists in an improved mode of varying the order
of succession, in which the top flats are stripped. To accomplish this
the bowl in the slide of the ordinary radial arm is made to slide through
the slide, and the stud is continued through the lever to allow a spring
to act between a collar on the stud and the back of the lever. On the
bend of the card is fixed a segment provided with indentations of
sufficient length to miss any number of flats as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ADMINISTERING MEDECINE TO HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Overman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th October 1870.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM OVERMAN, of Sheffield Lane Paddocks, near
5 Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ADMINISTERING MEDECINE
TO HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to obviate the difficulty at present
existing in giving fractious and vicious horses medicine balls without
danger to the operator. To effect this the medicine ball is placed in a
tube or barrel, within which is a piston pressed forwards by a spring.
The rear end of the barrel in which the medicine is placed is carried on
the end of a tubular stem, the piston rod of the piston passes back
through this stem, and at its rear end is formed with a handle or
attachment by which it can be drawn back. The tubular stem at its
rear end is attached to a stock or handle on which is a trigger catch,
by means of which the piston rod can be retained after it has been
drawn back. When the piston has been drawn back and whilst it is
retained by the trigger catch the ball is placed into the barrel. When

page_text: the apparatus has been inserted into the animal's mouth the trigger is
pulled and the medicine ball is thrown for ward from the gun into the
animal's gullet, thereby preventing the return of the ball, which under
the present system of administering ball medicine is frequently thrown
back into the animal's teeth, thereby crushing the ball, and the aloes
contained therein being so distasteful, the animal becomes so irritated
that in many cases it totally refuses to submit to any further attempt to
administer the medicine.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE ENTRANCE OF FLIES AND OTHER INSECTS AND REPTILES INTO ROOMS OR APARTMENTS OF BUILDINGS, SHIPS, AND CARRIAGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sarah Beauchamp Bush at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
27th October 1870.
I, SARAH BEAUCHAMP BUSH, of Upper Westbourne Terrace, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE ENTRANCE OF
FLIES AND OTHER INSECTS AND REPTILES INTO ROOMS OR APARTMENTS OF BUILDINGS,
SHIPS, AND CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the entrance of flies and
other insects and reptiles into rooms or other apartments of buildings,
ships, carriages, sleeping berths or places, and also beds and other
articles of furniture by means of metallic blinds, curtains, screens, or
covers of a plain or ornamental character.
I take, say, very fine gold, silver, or other metal wire and weave it into
suitable shape or form to act as a curtain, blind, screen, or cover, which
may be stretched in a frame rolled upon rollers, so as to be removed
when not required; or it may be used without stretching, in that case
it would form a loose covering to be thrown over a bed, couch, cot,

page_text: chair, or other article of furniture for reclining or sleeping on, to protect
the occupants from the attack and annoyance of flies, mosquitoes, and
other insects, as well as reptiles and small animals. The wire may have
silk or other threads woven with it to form designs or patterns, or wires
of different kinds may be employed for that purpose if found advan-
tageous; or instead of woven wire very thin metallic plates or sheets
may be used, these plates or sheets being perforated, pierced, or punched
in a suitable manner to admit the light, and for ventilating purposes.
The perforations or other openings may be arranged to form geometrical
figures or designs, or such designs may be painted, gilded, or otherwise
ornamented on the surface thereof. If the curtains or blinds are framed
or rolled upon rollers they can be used in lieu of glass in the panels,
doors, and roofs of palanquins, howdahs, close carriages, and buildings
of all kinds, as well as for ship's cabins and sleeping apartments
generally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING LIGHTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hockey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1870.
I, JOHN HOCKEY, of No. 187, Carlton Road, Kilburn, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING LIGHTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to that description of ventilating lights
wherein the flame is enclosed in a glass globe suspended from the
ceiling or wall by a tube through which the burnt air is caused to pass
upward and to escape through passages formed in the ceiling or wall,
while the supply of air for supporting combustion is caused to enter the
room through another passage formed in the ceiling or wall, and to pass
from the room to the burner through openings formed in the top of
the globe.
My present improvements have for their object to render the supply
of air to the burners of such lamps entirely independent of the air in
the room or other locality in which the lamp is situated. For this
purpose I entirely close the glass globe against any communication with
the air in the room, and I conduct the air required for combustion into
the globe through a tube surrounding the before-mentioned escape air
.

page_text: tube, and passing down from the inlet air passage in the ceiling to below
the burner, the lower portion of such tube inside the globe being made
of glass, while the glass tube immediately surrounding the burner is
made to join on to the end of the escape tube. The inlet air passage
also communicates with the cone above the lamp through which fresh
air is introduced into the room, while the vitiated air escapes from the
room through channels provided outside the inlet cone.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING FLANGED AND SOCKET PIPES AND COLUMNS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Enoch Openshaw Taylor and
George Field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 5th March 1870.
We, ENOCH OPENSHAW TAYLOR, of Marsden, in the County of York,
Ironfounder, and GEORGE FIELD, of Dewsbury, in the same County,
Moulder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING FLANGED AND SOCKET PIPES AND
COLUMNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in having the pattern embedded in a table or
bed plate to exactly one-half its diameter, and capable of turning on its
axis by means of a hand lever fixed on one end thereof. The pattern is
only made perfect in one-half its circumference, the other half being
reduced or left wanting. Ordinary moulding boxes are made to fit this
table or bed plate in a certain and uniform place or position, when on the
pattern being turned with its perfect side uppermost one part of a pair
of boxes may be rammed up thereon in the usual manner, and the

page_text: pattern turned in the sand until its imperfect side is uppermost; the box
is then removed, the pattern is returned, and the other box placed on
the table and rammed up, the pattern turned over as before, and this part
also removed and placed on the former part and secured thereto ready for
casting in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIGEON TRAPS FROM WHICH PIGEONS ARE SHOT, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR AND MODE of LETTING OFF THE SAME, BY WHICH MEANS SECRECY IS ENSURED AS TO WHICH TRAP IS OPENED
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by St. Thomas Baker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1870.
I, ST. THOMAS BAKER, of Kings Road, Chelsea, in the County of
Middlesex, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIGEON TRAPS FROM WHICH PIGEONS ARE SHOT,
AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR AND MODE of LETTING OFF THE SAME, BY WHICH
MEANS SECRECY IS ENSURED AS TO WHICH TRAP IS OPENED," to be as follows:-
$
:-
The improvements in pigeon traps consist in constructing them with
a semi-cylindrical or other raised chamber or box capable of turning
half round on a horizontal axis or spindle, so as to admit of becoming
reversed into a sunk or depressed position below a horizontal plate,
which is intended to lie upon the surface of the ground over a hole
prepared for its reception, and by such motion to expose the pigeon or
bird which it had previously covered. The plate and moving box may be
made of metal, and the latter may be shielded by an outer case which
may pass into the hole in the ground over which the plate lies, and may
also have an air grating or bars for convenience of the caged bird.

page_text: 66
Pigeon traps as hitherto ordinarily arranged have afforded the
opportunity to designing persons in league with each other to give one
to another a signal as to which of the five cages ordinarily employed
would be " let off." The Invention has partly for its object the ren-
dering more difficult or preventing any such practice, and includes the
construction of a 'letting off" apparatus or contrivance which by the
chance movement of a ball dropped into a passage way prepared for it
will determine, without selection on the part of those using it and
without their knowledge, which of the five or other number of cages is to
be "let off" when the releasing or disengaging action takes place. The
passage way for the ball may terminate in a chamber with five or other
number of holes closed at the bottom each by one end of a trap lever
(one to each hole), so that the ball may find its position of rest by chance
on one or other of the trap levers; these may lie radially disposed
around a central vertical spindle, which may have a sliding collar thereon
actuated by a hand releasing lever and intended by depression to bear
against the ball in whichever unknown position it may lie, and the
particular trap lever so acted upon may release or disengage its particular
trap by a cord or in any approved manner, the other trap levers not
being acted upon, and the ball dropping into and being conducted by a
channel or passage to the exterior of a case enclosing and concealing the
several trap levers, and forming stand or support for them and for the
central spindle with its sliding collar and the hand releasing lever, all of
which may be exposed to view on the top and outside of the case.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MEANS OF ORNAMENTING WOOLLEN, CALICO, AND SEAL SKIN CLOTHS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walmsley and Thomas
Roberts at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th February 1870.
We, JOHN WALMSLEY and THOMAS ROBERTS, of Mirfield, in the
County of York, Woollen Printers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MEANS OF ORNAMENTING
WOOLLEN, CALICO, AND SEAL SKIN CLOTHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of party colors on such cloths
or fabrics of any irregular order or without special design by the
application of coloring matters soluble in water or spirit suitable for
dyeing such cloths or fabrics, which coloring matters or dyes we sprinkle
over the said cloths or fabrics by means of either a hand brush or a
cylindrical or other form of brush capable of having mechanical motion
imparted to it and being supplied with the said coloring matters or dyes;
when the dyes are thus applied to the surface of the cloths or fabrics
they are then folded face to face, and either passed between a pair of
embossed, indented, or irregular surfaced rollers, or pressed by similar
surfaced blocks so as to strike, spread, or further distribute the said dye
on the said cloths or fabrics.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR MARINE ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Burrell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
July 1870.
I, THOMAS BURRELL, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR MARINE ENGINES," to be as follows:
The pendulum has before now been proposed as a means for governing
the speed of marine engines, but this present Invention is an improved
application of the pendulum for the purpose named, and consists in the
following:-
The whole of the gear is fastened to or arranged in one frame of a
shape more or less approaching to a triangle, the frame is for the sake of
lightness and strength by preference made of wrought iron. The fulcrum
of the pendulum is at or near the apex. At or near the bottom of the
pendulum, and by preference below the weight, two rollers are attached
to the pendulum arm, these rollers slide in a slotted link fastened
between the legs of the frame and forming a guide for the pendulum
sideways. At the lower end of the frame are arranged adjustable stops

page_text: for limiting the stroke or travel of the pendulum, the motion of which
is caused by the raising and lowering of the stern in a seaway, and
transmitted to the throttle or other steam shut-off valve of the engine
by the pendulum arm striking against adjustable tappets on a square rod.
sliding freely in corresponding square eyes or guides fastened to the
frame, the tappet rod being in connection with the throttle valve by a
bell crank and rod or other suitable and well-known means.
Iм-- PROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES FOR CENTRAL-FIRE BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND IN-C PERCUSSION CAPS FOR THE SAID CARTRIDGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Abraham at the Office:
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the 16th.
February 1870..
I, JOHN ABRAHAM, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu- ..
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм--
PROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES FOR CENTRAL-FIRE BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND IN-C
PERCUSSION CAPS FOR THE SAID CARTRIDGES," to be as follows:--
My Invention has for its object to facilitate the recharging of the -
metallic cases of cartridges for central-fire breech-loading fire-arms,-
and consists of the improvements herein-after described in the base of the -
cartridge and in the percussion cap, which said improvements render -
it easy to remove the shell of the exploded percussion cap from the base
of the cartridge, preparatory to the insertion of a.fresh percussion cap in..
the base of the cartridge.
In making the base of the metallic case of the cartridge according to-
my Invention I form the usual recess or chamber for the percussion
cap, the said recess having cither a central projection serving as an.
anvil, against which the percussion. cap. is struck. and detonated, or

page_text: provided with a detached anvil. Around the said chamber I make an
annular depression.
In making the percussion cap for the said cartridges according to
my Invention I form at the base or closed end of the percussion cap
a flange or rim. When the percussion cap is inserted in the chamber 5
at the base of the cartridge the rim of the percussion cap. occupies the
annular space or depression in the base of the cartridge case, but as
the said space is broader and deeper than the said rim a portion of the
said
space is left unoccupied and there is sufficient room for the insertion
-of-a-chisel-shaped or other instrument between the rim of the percussion 1
cap and the said depression in the base of the cartridge. By the use of
such an instrument the shell of the exploded percussion cap is readily
removed and the repriming of the cartridge facilitated..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BUILDING OF IRONWORK WALLS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Joseph Liger at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th July 1870.
I, FRANÇOIS JOSEPH LIGER, of No. 23, Rue de Beaune, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Divisional Inspector of the Ville de Paris, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BUILDING
OF IRONWORK WALLS," to be as follows:
This Invention relates to the construction of iron walls composed of
uprights, cross bars, braces, and muffles of double T and angle
iron, the object being to effect the greatest amount of strength with the
least amount of material. The cross bars are formed of double T iron.
The pests or uprights consists of or double T iron. The braces are
of iron, similar to those of the posts.
The connection of the posts with the cross bars is or may be effected
in two ways.
1st. Either by means of muffles (enveloping the cross bars) composed
of Tor double T iron bolted to the cross bars in an horizontal and
vertical manner, and united to the posts by angle irons bolted so that

page_text: the cross bars and posts are closely united with each other. The con-
nection of the braces with the cross bars is similarly effected.
2ndly. Or with plates adapted to the front of the cross bars, and to the
extreme end of the posts where they are bolted. The spaces or hollows
existing between the posts and cross bars are filled up with plaster.
It is to be observed that in the construction of iron walls as described
the posts are placed from 4 to 6 feet or thereabouts apart, which effects
a saving of material. The filling in of the intervening spaces between
the posts or uprights and the cross bars is effected with brick rubbish
and plaster or any other material.
In some instances it may be necessary or desirable to dispense with
the use of the braces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bewicke Blackburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1870.
I, BEWICKE BLACKBURN, of York Buildings, Adelphi, in the City
of Westminster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct inkstands in such a
manner that a supply of fresh limpid ink shall be always presented
for use whenever the lid or cover of the inkstand is raised. To this
end a bucket or cup is freely suspended from the lid or cover of the
inkstand by a link or chain. The body of the inkstand forms the well
or reservoir, and when the lid is closed the bucket drops down into the
ink in the reservoir below, and when the lid is raised the bucket is
drawn up filled with ink. The bucket is furnished with a disc or ring

page_text: of india-rubber or other material, which when the lid is thrown up
completely closes the orifice of the inkstand, so that whether the
inkstand be open or closed there is no evaporation from the reservoir
of ink.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TACKS AND OTHER SIMILAR NAILS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Baker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1870.
I, GEORGE BAKER, of Bridge Street, in the City of Norwich, Iron
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TACKS AND OTHER SIMILAR
NAILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved feeding apparatus for guiding
strips of metal up to the knife of the nail machine to be cut into tacks
and headed nails, and consists principally in the employment of a
tongue on a bent or double spring lever for holding the strip of metal
in a firm manner while the nail is being cut from the strip, and also in
the production of an intermittent rotary motion imparted to the strip
and the tube or holder in which it is placed in one direction only for
the purpose of effecting the manufacture of a perfect nail, which has
never hitherto been accomplished.
The strip is arranged in a tube which has an intermittent rotary
motion imparted to it in one direction only, the strip being guided in
the oval or rectangular hole of the tube in which it is made to slide
easily by a weighted slide piece. The tube is embraced by two or more

page_text: ratchet toothed collars which are acted upon alternately by spring pauls
on the sides of rollers or band wheels which are mounted loosely on the
tube. The bands, straps, or chains of these wheels lead down to other
rollers by which they are kept in a state of tension; these are moved up
and down by a lever or treadle actuated from a crank, excentric, or other
appliance on the frame of the apparatus. The strip of metal is pressèd
upon by a tongue or bent end of a double or spring lever, which is
thrown into action on the descent of the cutter, and holds the strip
firmly against an adjustable stop piece so that it is prevented vibrating
under the force of the blow.
The tube and the parts connected with it are capable of adjustment
to any angle by screws or otherwise, which angle determines the shape
or taper of the intended nail.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN DIES OB TOOLS USED IN DRAWING METALLIC TUBES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Watkins, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS. IN DIES OB
TOOLS USED IN DRAWING METALLIC TUBES."
Sealed the 17th May 1870, and dated the 16th March 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Watkins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the
16th March 1870.
I, JOHN WATKINS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN DIES OR TOOLS USED IN DRAWING METALLIC TUBES," to be as
follows:-
The dies or tools through which metallic tubes are drawn are ordinarily
constructed of a body or frame of wrought iron into a hole or cavity in
which an annular steel lining is welded, the said lining constituting

page_text: the orifice by which the drawing of the tube is effected. In making
the said dies or tools according to my Invention I make the body or
frame of the said dies or tools either of wrought or of cast iron, the said
body or frame having in its middle a hole or cavity of a size suitable to
receive a separable annular collar or lining. The front end of the cavity
in the body or frame is provided with an annular shoulder, against
which one end of the said separable collar or lining bears. I make the
said separable collar or lining of the die or tool by preference of cast
iron, and I cast it in a metal or chill mould so as to give it the required
hardness. The said separable collar or lining when turned or otherwise
made externally of a size and shape proper to fit the cavity or hole in
the body or frame, and internally of the size and figure proper for
drawing the tube to be made, is inserted in the hole or cavity in the body
or frame, its front end bearing against the shoulder in the said body or
frame. The die or tool is then ready for use, the tube being drawn
keeping the front end of the collar or lining to its bearing against the
said shoulder in the body or frame. When the separable collar or lining
is worn it may be removed from the body or frame and replaced by a
fresh one.
Instead of making the separable collar or lining of chilled
cast iron it may be made of steel or other material suitable for the
drawing of tubes. The same body or frame may be used for a variety of
drawing collars or linings by making the said collars or linings and
frame or body in the way described. By making dies or tools for
drawing metallic tubes according to my Invention the trouble. and
expense of forging or welding and the uncertainty in the hardening of
the fixed linings of the ordinary dies or tools are avoided.
PROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING AERATED AND SIMILAR LIQUIDS UNDER PRESSURE
Year: 1870

page_text: -
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1870.
66
IM-
I, JOHN WALKER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
PROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING AERATED AND SIMILAR LIQUIDS UNDER
PRESSURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object by an improved construction or
conformation of the necks of bottles for containing aërated and similar
liquids under pressure to dispense with any external fastening for the
corks or stoppers, such as the wire ordinarily used for soda water and
champagne bottles.
The Invention consists in making in the neck a socket for the cork or
stopper which does not communicate with the interior of the bottle by
the bottom or inner end, but by one or more openings at the side, so
that the internal pressure does not act on the bottom of the cork or
stopper but on the side, and has consequently no tendency to force it out.
The desired conformation is obtained by suitably moulding or shaping

page_text: the glass or other material of which the bottle is made; and the mouth
or socket for the cork may be made in the ordinary position, or in an.
inclined or other convenient position, care being taken in all cases to
form the bottom of the socket so as to be tightly fitted by the bottom of
the cork, in order to prevent the access of the contents of the bottle 5
from the side opening to the bottom of the cork.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR JARS, CARBOYS, BOTTLES, CASKS, AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH ARTICLES TO WHICH THE STOPPERS MAY BE APPLIED
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Welton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January
1870.
I, THOMAS WELTON, of 13, Grafton Street, Fitzroy Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Maker of Artificial Limbs, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR JARS,
CARBOYS, BOTTLES, CASKS, AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SUCH ARTICLES TO WHICH THE STOPPERS MAY BE APPLIED," to be as follows:-
-:
This improved stopper is constructed as follows:-A ring or disc of
india-rubber or other elastic material or mixture of elastic materials is
inserted between two smaller discs of metal or wood, or metal on one
side and wood on the other, in such manner as may be convenient, so
that the edge of the disc or discs or rings of india-rubber project beyond
the edges of the discs of metal or wood and metal, which when fastened
all together either by soldering, screwing, or other means comprise or
form the stopper. Or rings of wood or metal, or both, or other material
of any shape having rings, flanged tubes, or discs of india-rubber inter-
vening may be used, as many as may be found suitable, for the purpose

page_text: of forming the stopper, or discs of cork, rubber, wood, or metal may be
used, all or any of them combined; due regard being had that the edge
or edges (if more than one disc or ring of rubber be used) project beyond
the other material used to form the stopper before described.
And to fully illustrate my Invention I append the following expla-
nation to Drawing annexed.
of forming the stopper, or discs of cork, rubber, wood, or metal may be
used, all or any of them combined; due regard being had that the edge
or edges (if more than one disc or ring of rubber be used) project beyond
the other material used to form the stopper before described.
And to fully illustrate my Invention I append the following expla-
nation to Drawing annexed.
Fig. 1 represents a circular disc of india-rubber.
Fig. 2, a ring of ditto.
Fig. 3, a hollow flanged ditto.
Fig. 4, a circular disc of metal.
Fig. 5, a circular piece of wood so formed to rest on the upper edge of
the vessel to be stopped.
Fig. 6, the various parts comprising the stopper united and finished.
Also I claim the right, as part of my Invention, to make in bottles,
jars, carboys, casks, and other vessels a groove or rebate a certain
distance down the inside of the neck or opening into which the aforesaid
stopper may be inserted, which by the expansion of the rubber used in
it securely closes the same.
In conclusion, it is part of my claim to use the before-described
stopper for all the ordinary jars, bottles, and vessels to which it is
applicable.