Improvements in Augers and the like for Boring.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 15th Dec., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 18th Dec., 1994-Accepted, 11th May, 1395
Improvements in Augers and the like for Boring.
We, LOUIS FREDERICK CHARLES RICH, late of New York, County of New
York, and State of New York, United States of America, and now of Lansdown
Crescent, Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester, Electrical Engineer, and
JOHN HENRY HULL, of 40 Park Row, Times Building, New York, County of
New York, and State of New York, United States of America, Counsellor at
Law, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in tools of the class of augers, or other
instruments for boring holes, and for gradually enlarging such holes at the
bottoin.
The invention consists in the use of a hollow cylinder for the auger, in which a
spindle is inserted having at its lower end a horizontal cutter. The spindle is
secured by catches as hereinafter described, while a hole is bored; and then
allowed to remain stationary while the shell of the cylinder revolves carrying
with it two reamers or vertical cutters, which are forced out gradually by passing
down the slots cut in the form of inclined planes upon a guide, and the hole is
thus made larger, increasing to the bottom. A cone or wedge is now inserted in
the hole at the center of the bottom, and any tenon pressed down upon it is spread
out into the enlarged diameter.
The drawings accompanying this application show the tool, in different views.
Figure 1 is the tool adjusted to bore a hole as with an ordinary auger and with
the parts all assembled.
Fig. 1 shows the spring lugs D and a section of the retaining sleeve.
Fig. 2 is the tool with taper, cutting edges separated from the spindle B an
guide G.
Fig. 3 shows the tool after the first cylindrical hole is bored, with the lugs
released from the cavities in the spindle, allowing the tool to employ in use the
reamers to widen the bottom of the hole.
Fig. 4 shows the guide piece, which with its inclined planes compels the reamers
as they descend its side to follow the slots and widen the hole.
Fig. 5 shows the object and purpose of the tool in the widened hole with a cone
or wedge inserted at the bottom of the widened hole and a tenon driven down
upon which expands the tenon into the widened part and prevents it being
withdrawn.
The cutting edge is shown at A Fig. 3 broken into several edges, or parts for
the purpose of more easily dividing the fragments of wood and enabling their

page_text: escape from the hole. In this condition the tool merely bores a cylindrical hole..
Fig. 3 shows this cutting edge attached to a spindle B, and which is shown in
Fig. 1 in position when the different parts of the tool are combined. At the upper
end of the spindle are two cavities of flats, C, C. Fig. 4, which are used to
prevent the spindle from turning around in its socket. This is effected by means
of two catches or lugs D, D Fig. 1ª which are pressed down into these cavities or
flats through orifices E, E, Fig. 1, cut through the hollow cylinder F, in which
the spindle is inserted, as in Fig. 1. When these catches or lugs are thus pressed
down, the hollow cylinder and the spindle with cutting edges all revolve as one
piece. To confine the catches or lugs in place we use a sleeve of metal h¹ which
slides up and down on the hollow cylinder and presses down, or releases the
catches or lugs at will. The spindle passes through the center of a separate piece
or guide G, and works easily in a hole bored through it, longitudinally. At the
upper end of this guide a screw g is inserted through one side and its end works
in a groove cut around the circumference of the spindle allowing the guide to
revolve freely round the spindles. Instead of forming two carities or flats CC at
opposite sides of the spindle as shown in Fig. 4, an annular groove may be formed
in the corresponding portion of the spindle and flats corresponding to CC by
formed at opposite sides of the reduced portion of the spindle as shown in Fig. 4^
which is a cross section of the spindle at the same part. The office of the annular
groove is to enable the projections to engage the grooved part of the spindle at
any part of its circumference and to hold the spindle in place when the tool is
withdrawn from the hole after boring, and to pull out the guide with it. The
catches or lugs are made of a separate tube of metal which encircles the hollow
cylinder as shown at H, and are prolongations of this metal in two strips h
extending down the outside of the cylinder, but bent slightly so as to ply in and
out as springs. They have at their ends two shoulders, or lugs D D, which when
pressed down catch on the spindle at the cavities C C, and confine it from
revolving unless as a part of the tool while boring. These catches are shown
pressed down and held by the sleeve in Fig. 1, and in Fig. 3, they are shown
raised up and thus allowing the spindle to revolve loosely in the guide G, without
boring.
Fig. 3 shows the tool in the position it is after widening the hole, after it has
been bored by the auger or spindle, in a cylinder shape, and after the hole is
widened. In order to do this the sleeve is pushed up on the cylinder F, which
releases the spindle from the catches or lugs D D. and allows the spindle to revolve
in the center of the guide G, and in the center of the cylinder. Its point then
serves only to steady the guide. The tool is then revolved, and the spindle not
being rigid bores no farther, but the cutters or reamers, beginning at the point
shown at J, Fig. 1, to descend the slots or inclined planes, Fig. 1A, are forced
outward, and as they descend these inclined planes, ream out the hole wider,
finally stopping to descend just above the cutting edges of the auger, because the
spindle B, which carries the guide is stopped by the end of the hollow cylinder at
its top. The guide G is constructed with two inclined planes or slots cut in the
sides in the manner shown at Fig. 14 where the dotted lines show the inclined
planes. It is a separate piece of metal through which the spindle is inserted
when the tool is put together. Its office is to guide, and force out, two cutters
fashioned like the cutting edges of an anger as shown at J. These cutters or
reamers are fastened to the end of the hollow cylinder which incloses the spindle
and which end is prolonged as shown into two arms L L. At the end of these
arms are attached the two cutters, or reamers, M, M which work on pivots N N,
Fig. 2, which hold them to the arms L L thus giving a free play in allowing them
to expand by the action of the inclined places in the guide. In order to contract
them within the wall of the cylindrical hole bored, and allow the tool to be
withdrawn after the lower part of the walls of the hole are enlarged, these cutters
have attached by a screw R R to each of their ends where they are pivoted to the
arins LL, a pistol-spring PP, which passes over the joint formed at the pivots

page_text: and pressing against the arms L, L, forces the cutters to close together as the
tool is withdrawn from the hole. Thus the passage of the cutters down the
inclined planes forces them out, to ream out the walls of the hole, and as
the tool is withdrawn from the hole the action of the springs forces the cutters to
lie close to the inclined planes, and thus come inside the walls of the upper part
of the hole. The hollow cylinder is shaped into a shank at the upper end or the
shank may be inserted with a pin, a, and this is adjusted to the ordinary brace for
boring holes.
In assembling the parts of the tool, the spindle B, with its cutting ends, is first
passed through the center of the guide G, and thus combined the end of the
spindle is passed into the hollow cylinder F. The sleeve h¹, is then passed down
over the catches or lugs D D, which presses these lugs into the cavities, or
flats, CC, and holds the spindle rigid. The tool is then in position to bore a
cylindrical hole; aud after this is bored, the sleeve is then. passed on the cylinder,
and the action of the spring in the catches, or lugs, releases the spindle and
allows the tool to revolve without acting upon the spindle; and as pressure is
exerted upon the tool, the reamers or cutters are forced down the inclined plane,
and the revolution of the tool and the action of the cutters enlarges the hole as
shown at S, Fig. 5, which represents the hole reamed out wider at the bottom.
A cone or wedge S' is now placed in the bottom of the hole in the center, and as
a chair rung, mallet handle, or any other object desired to be fixed immovably in a
bored hole, is driven down on this cone, or wedge, the end inserted is spread for a
short distance, and the parts forced out into the enlarged diameter as shown at
Fig. 5 S. Any object thus inserted and spread out by the cone, it is impossible
to withdraw.
Wherever in manufactures, or building, a hole is bored to receive and hold
anything inserted, by using this reaming tool the part inserted is immovably fixed.
It can be used for furniture, wooden ware, iron fence posts, or rails, ship timbers,
stone work, metal work or in any trade where an object is to be attached 'to
another.
The sides of the guides are hollowed or milled as shown at G' into a slightly
spiral form to allow the shavings to pass out. At B' is shown the spindle as it
passes through the guide G. The cutter on the end of the spindle is attacbed' by
a pin at Z, Fig. I to the spindle, so as to use different sizes.
The tool is capable of being divided into two parts, and one part can be used for
only enlarging holes without being used as a borer. This will enable any operator
to use his own auger for boring a hole, and then using this tool to enlarge it at the
bottom. The tool will then take a simpler form. The spindle can then be used
without the cutters at the end, and have only a point to hold the tool in the centre
of the hole as bored.
The cutters or reamers can be attached to the arms or prolongations of the
hollow cylinder by a double-joint instead of a single joint, thus enabling them to
expand to a greater diameter.
By using guides of different sizes it is obvious the tool can be adapted to enlarge
holes of different sizes.
The spindle is adjusted in its length to ascend into the hollow cylinder only so
far as to allow the cutters or reamers to ream out to the bottom of the hole. Thus
when the cutters reach the bottom of the hole, the end of the spindle has reached
the end of the hollow cylinder.
The hollow cylinder is provided with a suitable chuck or a shank or head of a
square, round or other section, by which it cau be connected to a brace or boring
machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The combination of a spindle, a hollow cylinder movable longitudinally

page_text: thereon and having a chuck or squared end or means of connection to a brace or
boring machine, one or more reamers or cutters flexibly connected with the cylinder
and capable of movement outwardly from the spindle, and a guide piece rotating
with the cylinder, mounted on or carried by the spindle below the cylinder and
having one or more ways with guide faces at an angle to the axis of the spindle
that act to support and guide the reamers outwardly, whereby as the cylinder and
reamers are rotated and fed the reamers are gradually forced outwardly from the
spindle by the guide faces, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. The combination of a spindle, a rotating cylinder movable longitudinally
thereon, and adapted to be connected to a brace or boring machine, one or more
reamers or cutters flexibly connected with the cylinder and capable of movement
outwardly from the spindle, a guide piece mounted on the spindle below the
cylinder, capable of rotation with the cylinder independently of the spindle and
having one or more ways with guide faces at an angle to the axis of the spindle that
act to support and guide the reamers outwardly, whereby as the cylinder and
reamers are rotated and fed the reamers are gradually forced outwardly from the
spindle by the guide faces, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3. The combination of a spindle having a boring cutter at its end, a rotating
cylinder moving longitudinally on the spindle and adapted to be connected to a
brace or boring machine, one or more reamers or cutters flexibly connected with a
cylinder and capable of movement outwardly from the spindle, a guide piece
mounted on the spindle at or near its boring end and rotating with the cylinder and
having one or more ways with guide faces at an angle to the axis of the spindle
that act to support and guide the reamers outwardly, and means for locking the
spindle and cylinder to rotate together to bore a cylindrical hole with the
cutter at the end of the spindle, and disconnecting the spindle and cylinder to
permit the independent rotation of the cylinder, reamers and guide piece to ream
out the sides of the cylindrical hole at the bottom, substantially as set forth.
4. A combined boring and reaming tool consisting of a borer for cutting a
cylindrical bole. a guide piece mounted at the end thereof immediately above the
cutter and capable of rotation independently of the borer and having one or more
reamer guide ways with guiding surfaces at an angle to the axis of the borer, one
or more reaming cutters working in said guide ways, a support or carrying piece
to which the reamers are flexibly attached, and means for locking the parts to
rotate together with the reamers out of action, to bore a cylindrical hole, and
then disengaging the guide piece reamers and reamer support from the borer,
whereby as said parts are rotated and fed the reamers are gradually forced
outwardly to ream out the bottom part of the cylindrical hole.
5. A hollow cylinder having prolonged armis, and which arms have cutters or
reamers attached to their ends, which cutters or reamers have a pistol-spring
attached to them acting to force them together, in combination with a spindle
which passes through the hollow cylinder longitudinally, and combined with a
guide with inclined planes, or slots, cut into the sides for the passage of
cutters or reamers, substantially as shown and described.
6. A hollow cylinder having prolonged arms, and which arms have cutters or
reamers attached to their ends, which cutters or reamers have a pistol spring
attached to them acting to force them together, in combination with a spindle
which passes through the hollow cylinder longitudinally, and is held rigid while
boring by the action of two luge, or catches attached to arms, or prolongations
of a tube encircling the cylinder, and which lugs, or catches pass through
orifices in the hollow cylinder, and are pressed into flats or cavities in the
spindle, and held there by a sleeve, and combined with a guide with inclined
planes, or slots cut into the sides for the passage of cutters, or reamers, and
which hollow cylinder is prolonged into a shank to be inserted into an ordinary
brace for the purpose of boring holes, and reaming them out at the bottom
substantially as shown and described.
7. A reaming tool, comprising the following elements in combination substantially

page_text: as described, a guide piece adapted to revolve within the hole whose walls are to
be reamed out and having inclined guideways, reamers or cutters supported and
guided in said guideways and a revolving carrier to which they are flexibly
attached, whereby, as the carrier, reamers and guide piece are revolved and the
former two fed the reamers are gradually advanced outwardly from the axis of
rotation for the purpose described.
Dated thin 10th D
1004
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.