matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINE DECANTERS, AND WAGGON OR TRAVELLING DECANTER STAND
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Simpson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd June
1860.
I, GEORGE SIMPSON, of Calm Cottage, Hoole Street, Whitehouse Lane,
Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINE DECANTERS, AND WAGGON OR TRAVELLING
DECANTER STAND," to be as follows:--
This Invention relates to decanters supported in a stand mounted upon
wheels known as a travelling decanter stand or wine waggon, and the improve-
ments consist, first, in so constructing the decanters as that the wine can be
drawn therefrom, instead of pouring the wine out as beretofore practised; and
secondly, in so constructing the stand that the decanters can be readily
removed from the travelling carriage.
The following is an example of the means by which these improvements
may be effected. The decanters I form somewhat of the shape of a small
barrel and into one end thereof, and near the bottom I fix a tap for drawing
off the wine, which is poured in through an opening fitted whith a stopper at
the top of the decanter.
The decanter is held by two ornamental bands, connected together at bottom
by a cross-piece of metal, at the centre and under side of which there is a square

page_text: projecting piece, which fits into a corresponding recess formed in the travelling
carriage or waggon mounted on wheels. There are bracket pieces for sup-
porting the ends of the decanter. I propose to connect two, three, or more
decanters in this manner side by side, and to form them of cut glass or other
suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING LAPPETS, PETTICOATS, WINDOW CURTAINS, BLINDS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cable Brennand and John Brennand
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 15th October 1860.
We, CABLE BRENNAND and JOHN BRENNAND, of the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Calico Printers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING LAPPETS, PETTICOATS,
WINDOW CURTAINS, BLINDS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Instead of ornamenting lappets, petticoats, the edges of window curtains,
blinds, and similar articles, with embroidery or openwork produced by the
needle or machinery, as hitherto done, we propose to print the design or
ornament on the fabric by machine, so as to represent embroidery or open-
work, the design or figures to be so shaded as to imitate the perforations in
the fabric hitherto made by hand or machine. By this process we shall
cheapen the production to a very considerable extent, and bring the ornamental
lappet into more general demand.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN WATER TUYERES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Green and William Henry
Glover at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 10th July 1860.
We, ALFRED GREEN and WILLIAM HENRY GLOVER, of Stourbridge, in the
County of Worcester, Smiths, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN WATER TUYERES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in forming the nozzle of tuyeres of a solid ring
of metal, and in connecting it to the body of the tuyere by bolts or screws.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SKINS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Steart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1860.
I, JAMES STEART, of 5, St. James' Road, Blue Anchor Road, Bermondsey,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SKINS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER," to-
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating skins for the-
manufacture of leather. For these purposes, in place of subjecting skins after
they have been unbaired to the action of a bath prepared from pigeons' and
dogs' dung, as has heretofore been practised, a preparation or product obtained
from fish by heat is employed, in which the unhaired skins are soaked for a
suitable length of time. The preparation or product of fish is best obtained
by digesting fish with water in a closed vessel, until the fish is reduced for the
most part into a fluid state, and this product is then used as above explained,
after which the skins are tanned or treated in like manner to that in which
they have been treated or tanned after the use of the bath prepared from
pigeons' and dogs' dung.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES FOR SMOKING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
March 1860. A communication from abroad by Auguste Bourrel, of
Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES FOR SMOKING," (communicated
to me from abroad by Auguste Bourrel, of Paris,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming the bowl, of meerschaum and other pipes,
and the stem in separate pieces, and in uniting the stem and bowl in such
manner as to prevent any oozing out of the oil or juice produced in smoking.
The Invention further consists in strengthening pipes, and in ornamenting
them by means of a jointed envelope or case of gold, silver, or other metal.
The bowl is formed with a hollow. or aperture for the reception of the stem,
and a perforation or aperture is made from near the bottom of the inside of
the bowl communicating with the said first-named aperture. The stem is not
bored entirely through, but terminates in a solid plug, which fits accurately
into the bottom of the aperture formed for its reception in the bowl, and is
there held by any suitable cement; an aperture is made through the side of
the stem above the solid plug, which communicates with and forms a con-
tinuation of, though at right angles or nearly so, to the bore of the stem. The

page_text: aperture, when the stem is in place, comes opposite the aperture opening into
the interior of the bowl. The outer case or envelope is formed in two parts,
united by a hinge, and may be made when closed to cover the bowl and the
whole or any portion of the stem.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES OR APPARATUS FOR STOPPING LOOMS WHEN THE SHUTTLE 18 CAUGHT IN THE WARP, WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO ALL LOOMS WITH A BREAK APPLIED TO THEM
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pilling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1860.
I, JOHN PILLING, of Colne, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRAKES OR APPARATUS FOR STOPPING LOOMS WHEN THE SHUTTLE 18 CAUGHT IN THE
WARP, WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO ALL LOOMS WITH A BREAK APPLIED TO THEM," to
be as follows:-
I apply the break by means of a lever, and in connection with that lever I
place a connecting rod, which is elastic; by thus applying the power of the
break through an elastic medium the concussion by the application of the
break is less severe than in breaks having no such arrangements. I also bring
the stop tongue rod in or nearly in a line with the crank arm, which prevents
the straining of the lathe.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF JOINING AND FIXING TOGETHER DRAIN WATER OR GAS PIPES MADE OF BURNT CLAY, OR OTHER EARTHY, VEGETABLE OR MINERAL MATTER, THEREBY RENDERING THEM AIR AND WATER TIGHT AND PREVENTING LEAKAGE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richardson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June
1860.
I, WILLIAM RICHARDSON, of No. 2, Moreton Place, Kentish Town Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF JOINING AND FIXING TOGETHER
DRAIN WATER OR GAS PIPES MADE OF BURNT CLAY, OR OTHER EARTHY, VEGETABLE
OR MINERAL MATTER, THEREBY RENDERING THEM AIR AND WATER TIGHT AND
PREVENTING LEAKAGE," to be as follows:-
The fastening and joining together of drain, water, or gas pipes composed of
burnt clay, or other earthy, vegetable, or mineral matter, and made in sections
or parts with rims or flanches, sometimes called "flanges,
flanges," such flanges
being perforated so as to receive pegs or pins of wood, or any other material
or materials that will securely fasten the joints to make the same air and water
tight, and prevent leakage, such fastening and joining together being made
by such pegs or pins, and between each pipe or joint there will be placed a
packing of felt, cement, or any other material applicable to the purpose.
Any size of pipe can be used and secured by this Invention from leakage,
and pipes of any section can be securely made air or water tight, thereby over-
coming the difficulty and objection to the using of pipes of the before mentioned
materials by consequence of leakage.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOUNCED DRESSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1860.
I, JOHN HENRY, of Mitchell Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOUNCED DRESSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in the manufacture of flounced dresses consist, first, in
weaving the flounces with one, two, three, or more cords in the top part of
the flounce, whereby it may be drawn or gathered up, and the fulness easily
distributed and in readiness for fixing on the dress.
The object in weaving more than one cord in the flounce is, that that cord.
may be used which will suit the length of skirt and number of flounces to be
applied, the other cords being withdrawn, or a portion of the flounce cut off
or turned in at top.
The second improvement consists in weaving a'hem on the lower edge of
the flounce instead of producing such hem by sewing, as heretofore. These
improvements are applicable to all woven fabrics used for flounced dresses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Apparatus FOR FEEDING FURNACES WITH COALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grantham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th April
1860.
I, JOHN GRANTHAM, of 31, Nicholas Lane, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Apparatus
FOR FEEDING FURNACES WITH COALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a shovel or coal box with openings at the bottom,
which openings are covered by a sliding or false bottom. This shovel or coal
box is suspended on a traveller in front of the furnaces, which have swinging
perforated doors, so that on being struck by the shovel the doors will open.
The shovel, when in the furnace, is suspended over the heated fuel, the
sliding or false bottom is moved, and the coals are deposited upon the fire.
Motion is given to the sliding or false bottom by two pins projecting from the
sides, which strike the furnace mouth on the shovel being thrust into the fire,
or such falso bottom may be caused to move by any other convenient means.
The Invention also embraces a method of taking the coals from the bunkers
and conveying them to fill the improved coal box or shovel; this is done by
means of a pair of grooved rollers placed at the door of the bunker, and which
are set in motion by manual or engine power. These rollers are so adjusted
as to break the larger pieces of coals without crushing them too small; the
coals being thus prepared for use, are thrown by the rollers into the coal box,
which is then ready to be taken to the fire, as before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRTS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Reid at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th January
1860.
I, ANDREW REID, of the City of Londonderry, in the County of Ulster,
Ireland, Shirt Cutter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRTS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and manufacture or construction
of shirts of various classes and qualities, in such manner as to secure cheapness
in first cost, combined with substantiality for wear, and other important
advantages.
The material of which the improved shirts are made is so cut that there
are no separate or inserted pieces upon the shoulders when the shirt is made
up. The portion of the garment forming the back of the shirt is carried solid
right up upon the shoulder, where it is joined by the solid portion of the breast
of the shirt. The junction portions are cut or formed angularly and over-
lapped to secure strength, the actual junction being effected by two double
rows of stitching. This gives very superior strength to the shoulder, whilst
from the mode of manufacture the first cost of production is diminished.
Instead of making shirts with what is ordinarily known as the "yoke," in
technical language, a short piece of fabric economised in cutting the sleeves or
other parts is inserted as a "back strap" immediately behind the neck collar,
and extending only to the top of each shoulder seam, where these-seams join.
the collar.

page_text: According to another form, the shirt is made open all the way down longi-
tudinally, such opening being secured by a button at the bottom of the
breast portion. This short is double-breasted, one breast buttoning over the
other to the whole extent of the width of the breast. The breasts may either
be made both the same in figure or pattern, or one may be formed for morning
and the other for evening wear, so that the wearer can immediately change
from one to the other as he may require; and if one breast should be soiled he
can button it under the clean one. Buth inside and outside buttons are pro-
vided for the overlapping breasts, so as to preserve them securely in their
proper position. At the wristband openings, instead of sewing in separate
gusset or junction pieces, a solid angular or inclined overlap is formed in the
material of the sleeve, the junction being so arranged that whilst strength and
simplicity of parts are secured, the open contiguous edges overlap, and thus
prevent the under shirt or skin from being seen.
AN IMPROVED BRAKE FOR VEHICLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léon Emile David and Jean
Amédée Vercher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st January 1860.
We, LÉON EMILE DAVID and JEAN AMÉDÉE VERCHER, of 29, Boulevart
St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentlemen, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BRAKE FOR VEHICLES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists of an improved brako suitable for application to all
kinds of vehicles, and especially to omnibuses, carts, vans, and waggons. This
improved brako consists of two iron straps, each of which passes round an
inner collar on the naves of the wheels. These straps are actuated by an
arrangement of jointed levers, which cause the straps to bear with friction on
the collars of the naves at the moment when the brake is used. The jointed
levers are actuated by a rod at the disposition of the conductor or attendant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SLEEPERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pym at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1860.
I, JOHN PYM, of 4, Lawrence Pountney Hill, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY
SLEEPERS," to be as follows:-
I form a longitudinal groove in the under side of a wooden sleeper, and
place under it a piece of perforated metal, or I attach to the sleeper a pipe or
piece of curved metal perforated at the sides to admit of the water absorbed
by the ballast passing into the cavity so formed, and flowing out at the ends,
thus forming a drain pipe under each sleeper, which prevents the accumulation
of water around the sleeper, and "the sopping" so prejudicial to the permanent
way of railways.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hodgson and Henry
Hodgson, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th March 1860.
We, WILLIAM HODGSON and HENRY HODGSON, of Bradford, in the, County
of York, Machine and Tool Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND
SPINNING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to machinery for preparing and spinning, in which
"caps" are or may be employed, and our improvements consist in the appli-
cation of a tube or cover placed immediately beneath the cap now in use,
leaving a small space betwixt the two for the yarn to pass to the bobbin, spool,
or cop. The bobbin, spool, or cop is thereby enclosed during the whole time of
filling, thus excluding or preventing the action of the atmosphere upon the
yarns, which now cause the loose fibres to be thrown off or to stand out from
the main body of the yarn or thread; but which by our improvements is
prevented and a better or more smooth yarn produced.
AN IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Inglis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1860.
I, JAMES INGLIS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
5 Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of an improved artificial fuel,
and consists in mixing together, by preference in equal portions, human or
animal excrements, any kind of wood in the form of chips, sawdust, or
shavings, and common coals beat or crushed small. The relative proportions
of these ingredients may be varied, and in some cases there may be added to
them a small quantity, one-sixth part, for example, of clay. These ingredients
are mixed together, and then moulded into blocks, and dried.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOVES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephraim Chetwyn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd January
1860.
I, EPHRAIM CHETWYN, of Worcester, in the County of Worcester, Glove
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOVES," to be as follows:-
The said Invention has reference to the better securing or fastening together
the several pieces, or some of them, of which gloves are manufactured, with
a view to strengthening them, and the preventing their bursting, or the sewing
or stitching becoming unfastened or broken by the strains upon it when in
And the said Invention consists in a mode or modes of shaping or
forming and of connecting together the pieces, or some of them, namely, the
shaping or forming them so as to lap against the adjoining pieces to a sufficient
extent to obtain two or more independent fastenings or connections, instead
of one, and the sewing, stitching, securing, or fastening together the edges of
the pieces so lapping against, to, or upon the adjoining pieces, and within or
away from the edges of the said adjoining pieces so as the better to distribute
the strain over the surfaces of the respective pieces. And the manner in
which it is proposed to perform the said Invention is as follows:-Selecting
the thumb-piece for illustration, its shape will be such as more than to merely
fill up the opening in or against which it is to be placed, and its edges. will
lap and pass under and extend beyond those of the opening more than suffi-
ciently to obtain a row or rows of stitching, and generally to the amount of a

page_text: full eighth of an inch; but the body or root end of the thumb-piece is intended
to extend by a tongue-like projection about one inch beyond the edges of the
opening, so as to afford by double thickness much greater strength at that
which is frequently a very weak and faulty portion of a glove. And it is
intended to secure the edges of the opening by two rows of stitching close
together against, to, or upon the thumb-piece, and further, to secure the still
remaining edges, that is to say, the edges of the thumb-pieco independently of
the foregoing fastening, by hemming or felling them down against, to, or
upon, and at a short distance away from, but not at the edges of the piece in
which the opening is formed. It is also further intended to form this last-
mentioned piece with the opening so shaped as to leave a tongue-like pro-
jection to lap over the thumb-piece at the said root or body end thereof, so as
still further to increase the strength. And it is also intended to introduce a
"forgit" or gusset at the fork of thumb; and at this "forgit," and also at the
forgits" at the roots of the several fingers it is intended to apply the same
system of procuring additional strength by double thicknesses occasioned by
the lapping and increased security to the sewing and stitching from the better
distribution of the strains.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON, WOOL, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Uttley and Joseph Bray
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 11th May 1860.
We, JAMES UTTLEY, Machinist, and JOSEPH BRAY, Overlooker, both of
Staley Bridge, in the County of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING
COTTON, WOOL, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows :——
We place the large wheel on the front roller, and the small one on the back
shaft, thus reversing the ordinary system; we also place the click and spring
on the front roller, by which we obtain a direct motion without any inter-
mediate gearing. We employ the endless chain or band driven direct from the
back shaft or front roller.
By this, our improved arrangement, we are also enabled to obtain additional
yarn whilst the carriage of the spinning machine is putting up as well as
drawing out, and effect a great economy in the wear and tear of machinery.
The nature of our Invention will be understood by persons conversant
with spinning machinery by reference to the accompanying Sheet of outline
Drawings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1860.
I, HENRY HART, of Cambridge Villas, South Street, Greenwich, in the
County of Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND
SHAPING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination of apparatus or mechanism
for cutting and shaping metal and other substances, and consists of a compound
machine fitted with all the requisites for turning in wood or metal, screw
cutting, shaping, and planing, cutting the teeth of wheels, slotting, boring,
drilling, and keyway cutting, either horizontally or vertically. This compound
machine consists of a slotted bed plate supported on suitable standards and
provided on its front edge with a compound slide rest working along a dove-
tailed guide formed on the edge of the bed plate. This slide rest is capable of
being removed from its sliding bracket, and fitted on to any other part of the
bed plate, and may be made self-acting or not as required. The opposite edge
of the bed plate is also formed with a projecting dovetailed guide, which carries
a drilling, slotting, or planing table capable of being adjusted horizontally and
vertically to any desired position, by means of suitable adjusting and traversing
screws. This table is also provided with a circular table or plate rotating
horizontally and formed with slots for the facility of securing articles thereon.

page_text: The surface of the bed plate carries the ordinary headstocks of a turning lathe,
and also carries a drilling machine, a slotting machine, and a planing or
shaping machine, any one of which may be removed and fitted on to the end of
the bed plate if requisite, suitable bolt holes being formed in each end of the
bed plate for that purpose. The whole may be driven by a treaddle or by power,
according to the size of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ACTION OF UPRIGHT PIANOFORTES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Jackson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1860.
I, THOMAS JACKSON, of 21, Orchard Street, Portman Square, W., do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ACTION OF
UPRIGHT PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the action of upright
pianofortes. For these purposes the hopper is formed into a cranked lever, which
turns on an axis carried by a block fixed to the key. The upright portion or
limb of the cranked lever is in front of the axis of motion of the cranked lever,
and the upper end of such upright limb is arranged to act as a check. The
other or horizontal limb of the lever comes at its back end under a stop or
button which is capable of adjustment, so that when the front end of the key
of the instrument is depressed, the back end of the cranked lever by being
stopped causes the hopper to come into action on the sticker and consequently
on the hammer in the following manner :-An upright is attached by a hinge
to the upper surface of the horizontal or lower limb of the cranked lever above
the axis of that lever. The upper end of the upright is inclined and acts on a
block or projection on the under side of the lever to which the lower end of the
sticker is binged. The hinged upright is constantly pressed towards the front
of the instrument by a spring behind. The lower end of this spring is carried by
a block which is held on an upright screw (between two nuts or buttons) fixed
to the key, such upright spring passing through the horizontal or lower limb

page_text: of the cranked lever. By this combined arrangement when the front end of
the key of the instrument is depressed the back end of the cranked lever will
thereby be raised till it comes to its stop, and this causes the hinged upright
of the hopper to move under the end of the lever which supports the sticker,
and thus gives motion to the hammer, and at the same time the upper end of
the upright limb of the cranked lever will be moved into position, and by its
inclined face act as a check to the front end of the lever to which the sticker
is hinged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC SKIRTS FOR DISTENTING LADIES' DRESSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Arnold and George Arnold,
junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 20th September 1860.
We, GEORGE ARNOLD & GEORGE ARNOLD, junior, both of Penton Place,
Kennington, in the County of Surrey, Skirt Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC SKIRTS FOR
DISTENTING LADIES' DRESSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in that class of skirts which are
distended by means of hoops of steel, whalebone, cane, or other similar
material, and consists in the application of flounces or tucks on the exterior of
those skirts at the points where the hoops are inserted, in order to prevent the
hoop or hoops showing through the dress of the wearer; these flounces may be
more or less fulled on the skirt, and piped and corded, or otherwise trimmed
to render them more efficacious for the purpose intended, and one, two, or
more may be placed over each hoop; they may also be of greater or less
depth. These flounces or tucks also impart to the distending skirt an
ornamental appearance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND WRINGING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Trenter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June 1860.
I, WILLIAM TRENTER, of 44, Clerkenwell Green, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WASHING AND WRINGING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing a combined washing and wringing
machine of the following parts. In a convenient shaped trough containing
water, I place a floating platform formed with protuberances and perforations,
on which are to be placed the clothes to be washed, a portion of said clothes
being first placed between the folds of an endless canvass cloth, which I call
a preserver; the remaining and least soiled portion of the clothes I place in a
cylinder having protuberances around its circumference corresponding to those
in the platform aforesaid. This cylinder is to be rolled backwards and forwards
on the said platform, thereby pressing the endless canvass, before mentioned,
containing the clothes between the protuberances of the floating platform and
the cylinder; the water gushing through the perforations in the platform
thoroughly cleanses the clothes, after which I use the aforesaid cylinder for
wringing the clothes. For this purpose bearings are provided at opposite
sides of the trough aforesaid for supporting the axis of the cylinder, and the
endless canvass cloth before mentioned I use as a hood or covering placed over
the cylinder during the wringing operation, which requires a very rapid motion
of the cylinder.
In- PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF ATTACHING BUTTONS OR STUDS TO ARTICLES OF CLOTHING, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN THE BUTTONS OR STUDS TO BE ADAPTED THERETO
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis lo Richeux at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July
1860.
I, LEWIS LE RICHEUX, of Sussex Road, Brixton, in the County of Surrey,
Collar Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF ATTACHING BUTTONS OR STUDS TO ARTICLES OF
CLOTHING, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN THE BUTTONS OR STUDS TO BE
ADAPTED THERETO," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in attaching or fastening buttons or studs on
to articles of clothing, or other similar articles, by means of eyclets or hollow
tubes made of suitable metal, which are attached to the buttons or studs, then
fixed into the article of clothing, and the eyelets afterwards expanded in the
usual way, thus entirely doing away with the ordinary methods of attaching
buttons by sewing, or otherwise.
And, secondly, the buttons or studs are so constructed as to allow of the
above-named eyelets or hollow tubes being firmly fixed on to and constructed
so as to form part of such buttons or studs, so that the ordinary flexible shanks
for attaching buttons to articles of clothing are entirely dispensed-with.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING THE COFFEE HUSK POR PURPOSES OF NUTRITION
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léopold Christian Warneck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th July 1860.
I, LEOPOLD CHRISTIAN WARNECK, of No. 11, Place du Pilori, Nantes, in
the Empire of France, Master Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING THE COFFEE HUSK POR
PURPOSES OF NUTRITION," to be as follows:-
I propose to utilise the husks of the coffee bean or berry (which, in the
colonies and other coffee-producing countries, are now at once separated from
the berry and rejected as of no value, but which I have found by experiment
to possess a considerable proportion of the properties of the berry), by torre-
fying and reducing them into powder, using the preparation as a substitute for
coffee as now prepared from the berry alone. In some cases I propose mixing
with the powder a certain quantity of gentian, which will communicate a slight
bitterness and increase its hygeian properties. This preparation may also be
mixed with coffee from the berry in lieu of chicory, or the berry and the husk
may be ground together to augment the quantity of coffee, and thereby render
it cheaper to the consumer. I also propose mixing the powder obtained from
the torrefied husks with other wholesome substances calculated to render it
more agreable to the palate, as milk and sugar are usually added to coffee
from the berry.
A MOVEABLE STUD OR BUTTON
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Buckworth Powell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd April 1860.
I, HENRY BUCKWORTH POWELL, of Foxleize Park, Lyndhurst, Hants, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MOVEABLE STUD OR
BUTTON," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in making an ordinary stud or button into two
parts, a small shank of one screwing into the other. The head of the stud
may be ornamented or otherwise, or both sides may be ornamented, so as to
be able to change either side at pleasure. The surfaces which screw together
with the cloth or other substance between may be serrated or milled, so that
when once they are screwed tightly up together the cloth or other substance
will enter the serrations or milling, and thus prevent the stud from unscrewing
or coming off. A small hole in the cloth is all that is necessary to allow
the screwed shank to screw or pass through into the button or stud head at
the other side of the cloth or other substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES FOR COMMON ROADS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rickett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1860.
I, THOMAS RICKETT, of the Castle Foundry, Buckingham, in the County of
Buckingham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES FOR COMMON ROADS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of
common road locomotive steam engines, and consists in making the boilers of
these engines plain cylinders throughout with flat ends, and provided with a
flue box lined with fire brick at one end, and with a smoke box at the other
end. The fire is contained in an internal circular flue, around and above
which flue are placed a series of tubes through which the gases pass from the
internal flue to the smoke box. The boilers are made short in proportion to
their diameter, and are consequently not subject to injury from variations of
water level on steep gradients. Below the boiler is placed a water tank
extending from end to end of the boiler, and between the boiler and this tank
are placed the main axle, crank shaft, and other gearing. The power is
communicated from the crank shaft to the main axle by spur gearing, giving
two different speeds; one carrying wheel is fixed upon the axle, whilst the
other wheel is loose thereon, so that one or both wheels may be driven as
required. The crank shaft revolves in fixed bearings, and the main axle

page_text: revolves in pedestal bearings working between guides placed at right angles to
the crank shaft. A small wheel is placed in front carried by a fork which is
used for steering, and each wheel carries its load through the medium of a
spring.
In locomotive steam engines when it is desired to avoid the noise and
appearance of the escaping steam, or to reduce the requisite supply of water,
I form a series of chambers made of thin sheets of metal, into which the steam
enters on being discharged from the cylinders; these chambers are constantly
exposed to currents of air caused either by the motion of the engine in
travelling by the natural ascent of air, specifically lighter from receiving heat,
or by the action of a fan driven by the engine, by which means the heat is
abstracted from the steam, which is condensed to water and forced again into
the boiler.
Where an unusual amount of tractive power is required, I form or place
outside each main engine wheel a chain pulley, and on each of the main pair
of waggon wheels forming the train I place other chain pulleys proportionate
in size to the respective diameters of the wheels, an endless chain passes round.
the engine chain pulley and the first waggon chain. pulley, and another from
the first waggon chain pulley to the second waggon chain pulley, and so on on
both sides, so that each side of the train of waggons is coupled with the
engine, and the adhesion of the whole train is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OB APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Middleton and Daniel Fox
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 17th August 1860.
We, WILLIAM MIDDLETON, of Glossop, in the County of Derby, Paper
Manufacturer, and DANIEL Fox, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OB APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPER," to be as follows:-
We dispense with the bowls technically called "press bowls" passing the
pulp by means of the ordinary felt or leading apron direct from the coucher
to the drying cylinder, which passes it over one or more other drying cylinders
to the ordinary calender.
By this arrangement we dispense with the usual requisite gearing, and the
manipulation necessary for delivering it from one roller to another, the whole
motion being given from the first moving power, and conveyed or connected
by toothed wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William McNaught at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
February 1860.
I, WILLIAM MCNAUGHT, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to apparatus for working valves, whereby the
steam is admitted to or cut off from the cylinder, such valves being of the
usual slide, or expansion, or other arrangement. For this purpose I avail
myself of the path described by a point upon the connecting or other rod
baving a similar motion. Thus, a roller being placed upon the said point is
caused to move within a suitably formed opening, on the sides of which are pro-
jections; the roller arriving alternately in contact with these causes them to
give motion to rods or other apparatus connected to the valve required to be
moved. The said projections I make adjustable.
Secondly, my Invention relates to the air-pump bucket, and consists in the
adaptation of india-rubber in a ring or in segments placed around the peri-
phery, and confined thereto at its lower end only, so that when the bucket is
lifting the india-rubber is forced outward at its upper part by the pressure
of the water.
Thirdly, my Invention consists in a method of keeping slide valves in
contact with the surfaces on which they move, and neutralizing the pressure of
the steam. The method I adopt is to effect the contact of the valve through

page_text: the medium of a rigid plate, which can be adjusted by nuts, but in such
manner that it is firmly attached to the valve box lid, so as to be as it were a
part thereof. An arrangement I adopt is to render the plate adjustable by
means of a bolt passing through a thimble or hollow screw adapted to the valve
box lid.
Fourthly, my Invention relates to the apparatus for lubricating steam engine
cylinders and valves. For this purpose I employ a plate having two or more
apertures, one of which by a sliding or rotatory motion is brought over another
opening, so as to allow the lubricant to pass to the cylinder or valve. An
arrangement I employ upon this principle is as follows:-At the bottom of a
chamber containing the lubricant is a flat surface having an aperture or aper-
tures, upon this is placed the moveable plate. The moveable plate is confined
between another above it and that at bottom by means of a crosshead, which
may be forced downward with any desired pressure by rods and nuts. The
crosshead carries a centre pin upon which a lever is mounted, the lower end
thereof being forked to embrace trunnions upon the moveable plate, and the
upper end being acted upon by a cam so as to cause it to vibrate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE SLIDE VALVES ARE EMPLOYED
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Smethurst at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th November
1860.
I, JOSEPH SMETHURST, of the Firm of Messieurs Martin and Smethurst,
of Guide Bridge, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM
ENGINES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE SLIDE VALVES ARE EMPLOYED," to be as
follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in making the slide valve hollow, and
in admitting the steam into the interior of the valve, from whence it passes
through the admission ports into the cylinder. The face of the valve working
against the valve seating is made with a recess or chamber in the ordinary
manner for the escape of the exhaust steam. The openings through which the
steam enters the valve and passes to the admission ports are of about the same
area as the working faces of the valve and the exhaust port, by which means
the pressure of steam may be regulated so as to give any required pressure to
the valve against the seating.
In some cases it may be necessary to admit steam outside the valve by a
reducing or other additional valve. The steam so admitted can be shut off
when required, or a weight may be added to the valve.
The above described improvements in valves may be applied to water
meters, and in any other case where a slide valve is employed for steam, air,
water, or other fluid or liquid.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRESSURE GAUGES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Joseph Risse at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th July
1860.
I, FRANCIS JOSEPH RISSE, of Great Bland Street, Southwark, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRESSURE GAUGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing pressure gauges in the following
manner, that is to say, within the case of the gauge I arrange horizontally a
long lever, whose outer end acts upwards against an adjustable spring in said
case, and the other end and fulcrum of this lever is within the said case. I
connect the top of said lever to a toothed quadrant connected with the index
hand of the gauge and the bottom of said lever (and in a line with the upper
connection aforesaid) is formed with a recess which rests upon the top of a rod
whose lower end is fitted with a piston working in a case screwed underneath
the case of the gauge. The bottom of said piston case is formed with a flange
to which is screwed another flanged piece of metal, the top of which has a
circular recess formed therein to receive a flat disc of vulcanized india-rubber
or other elastic material, the upper side whereof is fixed to the upper flanged
piece before mentioned. There is a small hole through the centre of the lower
flanged piece, and a screw cut round said piece for connecting the gauge to a
steam boiler or other reservoir of power. The steam or other power acting
on the india-rubber aforesaid, will raise the piston, and lifting the horizontal
lever impart motion to the quadrant and index hand, and thus indicate the
pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BAIT CANS FOR FISHING PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Frederick Allen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou the 20th
January 1860.
I, THOMAS FREDERICK ALLEN, of 3, Elizabeth Terrace, Hackney Wick, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BAIT CANS FOR FISHING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in bait cans for fishing
purposes. Heretofore metal cans having perforated lids have been employed
for this purpose, and great inconvenience has been experienced from the space
occupied by them when out of use; now in constructing bait cans according to
my Invention, I form them in such manner that they may be folded up so as
to occupy but a small space when out of use. For this purpose I'employ a
flexible bag open at top; the edges of the top of this bag are connected to a
metal ring, which serves as a flange to a metal plate forming the top of the
In the centre of the plate there is an opening covered over by a perforated
lid. This opening is for putting the bait into and taking it from the flexible
bag; the plate is also furnished with a handle capable of being turned down
so as to lie flat on the plate. The metal top is connected by uprights to a
shallow metal pan, which forms a bottom for the can to rest on; these uprights
are jointed in the centre, so that they may be folded down and allow the metal
top to lie within the metal pan when the can is out of use, the metal pan
being for this purpose made slightly larger than the metal top. When the can

page_text: is in use the uprights are straightened, and tubes are slid over the joints so as
to prevent them from folding down; the metal top will thus be supported at a
distance from the metal bottom, which will permit of the flexible bag being
expanded and filled with water to receive the bait.
AN IMPROVED CLIP FOR HOLDING TICKETS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th July 1860.-A communication from abroad by Paul Ducasse,
of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CLIP FOR HOLDING TICKETS AND OTHER ARTICLES," (com-
municated to me from abroad by Paul Ducasse, of Paris,) to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of a clip, formed by preference of steel, and having
two arms or branches, which spring together so as to clip between them a rail-
way ticket, a hat, a napkin, or towel, or any other light articles which it may be
required to hold. One of the arms or branches is furnished with pins, which
pass through the ticket and enter into recesses formed in the other arm or
branch, or the clip is furnished with some device or devices equivalent to these
pins, to increase the holding action of the clip. The end of one arm or branch
is by preference turned up to shield the end of the other, and prevent the
two being accidentally separated. A cord is attached to the other end of the
clip by means of an intermediate ring or otherwise, and this cord is to be
fastened to the wrist, or to a button, or to any other convenient part of the
dress or person. The clip may be formed of any suitable material; it may
conveniently consist of a simple plate of thin steel bent double, with a curved
spring portion between the two halves, and furnished with pins, as
described.