A NEW METHOD OF PURIFYING AND WHITENING SUGAR OR OTHER SACCHARINE MATTER
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
TURNER, of Gower Street, in the County of Middlesex, M.D., and WILLIAM
SHAND, of the Burn, in Kircairdineshire, in that part of the United Kingdom
called Scotland, Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth
did, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the first year of His
reign, give and grant unto us, the said Edward Turner and William Shand,
His especial licence that we, the said Edward Turner and William Shand,
our exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as we, the said Edward
Turner and William Shand, our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and
also in all His said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, our Invention
of "A NEW METHOD OF PURIFYING AND WHITENING SUGAR OR OTHER SACCHARINE
MATTER;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that we, the
said Edward Turner and William Shand, or one of us, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what-manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six- calendar months next and immediately after the date of

page_text: the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Edward Turner and William Shand,. do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention to consist in a new mode of employing pressure by means of a
column of liquid to impel water or other convenient fluid rapidly through
sugar, in order to displace and remove the molasses and other matter from the
crystalline. part of the sugar, and that the means and manner of performing
our said Invention are particularly described and ascertained in and-by-the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and the following description thereof (that is
to say):-
In the Drawing, Figure 1 is a strong conical mould, formed of dry wood,
made water-tight, and carefully secured by iron hoops; at the letters a, a, a, is
shown the upper surface of the rim of the mould, which is made very flat and
smooth, and about an inch below the-rim-there-is-attached securely a thick
iron ring d, d, d, with holes to admit screws, as denoted by the dots.
Figure 2 is a circular plate of cast iron, made smooth to lie flat on the
Tim-of-the-mould-a-a, a, and projecting an inch or two beyond it, being to
the same extent as the ring d, d, d. The plate has holes for screws, denoted
by dots, corresponding to those in the ring dd, d, for the purpose of fixing
the plate tight upon the rim of the mould. In the centre of the iron plate
there is an aperture f, in which terminates, a leaden tube h, g, to the upper
extremity of which is attached a funnel K
The manner of performing our said Invention by means of the aforesaid
apparatus is as follows; that is to say: The sugar is put into the mould and
állowed to crystallize, as in the common earthen moulds, and when cold the
molasses:is allowed to drain off by one or more apertures in the bottom of the
mould, as at b. It is desirable to have the sugar-as regularly crystallized as
possible, and of a free: open grain. It is then, kept for some hours in a cool
situation, after which the iron plate is screwed tightly on the mould, and
cold water or other proper fluid is poured into the tube by the funnel K;
whereby the pressure occasioned by a column of liquid impels, the water
rapidly through the pores of the crystals, and washes away the adhering
molasses and any other matter.. During this operation the mould is supported
a short way above the ground by means of a tripod or other similar contrivance:
When the molasses has, nearly run off, the stop-cock in the lower part of the
tube at g.which had been left open is now closed, the-iron plate is; removed;
and the superflous water is removed from the surface of the sugar with a
sponge, or by any. other convenient, means. In order that the pressure may,

page_text: be preserved till the operation is finished,' the tube should be kept full. The
size of the mould may be varied; but I prefer having it of a diameter of 'about
eighteen inches' or two feet. The tube should be about an inch in diameter,
and about fifteen inches long; but its length may be varied in order to increase
or diminish the pressure, as may be desirable. The pressure of the column of
liquid may indeed be increased by the application of a forcing pump, or any
other convenient means, if circumstances make such a subsidiary impulse
desirable. In order to prevent the water from passing, out between the rim of
the mould a, a, a, and the iron plate, some strips of leather are interposed, and
it is advisable to have the upper edge of the mould fluted, in order to preserve
the leather more securely in its position. In order that the water as it descends
from the tube, may be uniformly diffused over the sugar, it is advisable to lay
over the surface of the sugar a piece of coarse cloth, of such a texture as will
not impede the passage of the water through it. It is also advisable that the
water employed be as cold as possible, and that it be even cooled with ice or
any other means to nearly the freezing point. In place of simple water,
a solution of sugar may be employed, if water alone is found to dissolve the
sugar in the mould too freely.
In the construction of our apparatus, herein-before described, we do not
mean to limit ourselves to the exact scale and proportion, or to the particular
form of the several parts, or to the particular kind of materials employed, but
mean to vary and adapt the same to the circumstances of the case, as may be
required; but we do hereby claim as our Invention a new mode, practised by
fit mechanism, of employing pressure, by means of a column of liquid, to impel
water or other convenient fluid rapidly through sugar, in order to displace and
remove the molasses and any other matter from the crystalline part of the
sugar. And such our said Invention we believe to be new, and to be pro-
ductive of very beneficial effects, and we believe that the same has never before
been used within that part of His said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland called England, His Dominion of Wales, and all His
said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad; wherefore we do hereby claim
to maintain exclusive right and privilege to our said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Turner, have hereunto set my
hand and seals, this Twenty-ninth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty.
EDWARD (L.s.) TURNER.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-ninth day of December,
the year of our Lord 1880, the aforesaid Edward Turner came before-our
said Lord the King: in. 'His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose..
Inrolled the Twenty-ninth day of December, in the-year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty.