Improvements in Drawing Rollers for Fibrous Materials.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 5th May, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 9th Nov., 1894-Accepted, 15th Dec., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Drawing Rollers for Fibrous Materials.
I JOHN MCQUEEN of the Firm of John Hetherington and Sons Limited, of
the Vulcan Works, Pollard Street, Ancoats, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:--
My said invention relates to drawing rollers for elongating, drawing out and
reducing slivers of fibrous material, in drawing heads, or for drawing yarns in
slubbing, roving, intermediate and spinning frames as is well understood.
66
The invention is mainly an improvement upon a former invention patented in
Great Britain under No. 16450 of 1888 entitled Improvements in drawing rolls
for fibrous materials." This former invention referred to the use of fluted or
grooved metal drawing rollers in place of the usual leather covered rollers, the said
fluted or grooved rollers having collars or bearings which separated and maintained
the fluted rollers at a certain distance apart. The effect of these arrangements
were that while they allowed of the interlocking more or less of the ribs and
grooves of each pair of rollers, they nevertheless prevented the ribs from entering
the opposite grooves too deeply, and thus saved the slivers or fibres from being
crushed or cut.
In such fluted rollers as hitherto manufactured, the flutes or grooves and ribs
have been of equal depth and pitch or distance apart in all of the pairs of rollers,
that is to say the back or entering pair of rollers, has been exactly similar to the
first or delivery pair, and to the intermediate pair or pairs when more than two
pairs were used.
In practice however I have found that such drawing rollers are subject to this
disadvantage, that as the sliver or fibre as it enters the back pair of rollers is very
much thicker than when it passes between the delivery rollers, it lifts the top
weighted roller away from the lower roller to some extent, the grooves being too
fine to allow the thick and undrawn sliver to be thrust down into them by the
super-imposed ribs.
The result of this forcing apart of the rollers is that the circumferences of the
actual working surfaces are practically increased, just as the effective result of two
toothed wheels working in gear would be changed if they were separated until the
pitch lines no longer came together.
The result is that the calculated ratio of relative even drawing from these rollers
towards the front is destroyed, and the usefulness of the mechanism is materially
impaired.
To obviate this defect I make the ribs and grooves of the back or entering pairs
of rollers coarser, deeper and pitched more widely apart than usual, so as to present
larger and freer spaces, into which the thiek sliver or fibre can be pressed down by
the ribs of the upper roller and so as not to lift the said upper roller. The rollers
of the back pair are formed with the coarsest pitch of groove and rib, while the
final pair or pairs is or are formed with the grooves and ribs of normal fineness or
pitch; or where several pairs of rollers are used, the groove pitch of each pair of
rollers may be graduated from pair to pair from the coarse pitch of the back pair
to the finer pitch of the front or delivery pair.
The sliver or fibre is thus gradually reduced from the back to the front pair of
rollers and the entering rollers are not forced apart as at present so that the
rregularities which I have pointed out do not occur.

page_text: Instead of graduating the coarseness of groove and rib successively from the
entering to the delivery pair of rollers, I might be content with forming the back
or the two back pairs of rollers only with the coarsely pitched ribs and grooves as
described. In most cases this would be sufficient, as, after having passed through
one or two pairs of rollers, the sliver or fibre, is usually sufficiently extended and
reduced to give no more trouble with the remaining pairs of more finely fluted
rollers.
Irrespective however of particular arrangements, the gist of my invention lies in
the provision of the coarsely fluted or ribbed entering pair or pairs of rollers,
herein described, which lay out and give the requisite preliminary reduction to the
sliver or fibre without having their effective working surfaces or circumferences
materially altered by the thickness or irregularity of the sliver or fibres being
treated, the delivery rollers however being always of the normal degree of
fineness.
Dated the 4th day of May 1894
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
5, John Dalton Street, Manchester, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Drawing Rollers for Fibrous Materials.
I JOHN MCQUEEN of the Firm of John Hetherington and Sons Limited, of
the Vulcan Works, Pollard Street, Ancoats, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings:
―:
My said invention relates to drawing rollers for elongating, drawing out and
reducing slivers of fibrous material, in drawing heads, or for drawing yarns in
slubbing, roving, intermediate and spinning frames as is well understood.
The invention is mainly an improvement upon a former invention patented in
Great Britain under No. 16450 of 1888 entitled "Improvements in drawing rolls
for fibrous materials." This former invention referred to the use of fluted or
grooved metal drawing rollers in place of the usual leather covered rollers, the
said fluted or grooved rollers having removable or adjustable collars or bearings
which separated and maintained the fluted rollers at a certain distance apart. The
effects of these arrangements were that while they allowed of the interlocking
more or less of the ribs and grooves of each pair of rollers, they nevertheless
prevented the ribs from entering the opposite grooves too deeply, and thus saved
the slivers or fibres from being crushed or cut.
In such fluted rollers as hitherto manufactured, the flutes or grooves and ribs
have been of equal depth and pitch or distance apart in all of the successive pairs
of rollers, where successive pairs are used, that is to say the back or entering pair
of rollers, has been exactly similar to the first or delivery pair, and to the
intermediate pair or pairs when more than two pairs were used.
In practice however I have found that such drawing rollers are subject to this
disadvantage, that as the sliver or fibre as it enters the back pair of rollers, is very
much thicker than when it passes between the delivery rollers, it lifts the top
weighted roller away from the lower roller to some extent, the grooves being too
fine to allow the thick and undrawn sliver to be thrust down into them by the ribs
of the super-imposed roller. The result of this forcing apart of the rollers is that
the circumferences of the actual working surfaces are practically increased, just as
the effective result of two toothed wheels working in gear would be changed if they
were separated until the pitch lines no longer came together.
It follows therefore that the calculated ratio of relative even drawing from these

page_text: rollers towards the front is destroyed, and the usefulness of the mechanism is.
materially impaired.
To obviate this defect I make the ribs and grooves of the back or entering pairs
of rollers coarser, deeper and pitched more widely apart than usual, so as to
present larger and freer spaces, into which the thick sliver or fibre can be pressed
down by the ribs of the upper roller and so as not to lift the said upper
roller.
The rollers of the back pair are formed with the coarsest pitch of groove and
rib, while the final pair or pairs is or are formed with the grooves and ribs of
normal fineness or pitch; or where several pairs of rollers are used, the groove
pitch of each pair of rollers may be graduated from pair to pair from the coarse
pitch of the back pair to the finer pitch of the front or delivery pair.
The sliver or fibre is thus gradually reduced from the back to the front pair of
rollers and the entering rollers are not forced apart as at present so that the
irregularities which I have pointed out do not occur.
Instead of graduating the coarseness of groove and rib successively from the
entering to the delivery pair of rollers, I might be content with forming the back
or the two back pairs of rollers only, with the coarsely pitched ribs and grooves
as described. In most cases this would suffice as after having passed through one
or two pairs of rollers, the sliver or fibre, is usually sufficiently extended and
reduced to give no more trouble with the remaining pairs of more finely pitched
rollers.
Irrespective however of particular arrangements, the gist of my invention lies in
the provision of the coarsely fluted or ribbed entering pair or pairs of rollers,.
herein described, which lay out and give the requisite preliminary reduction to the
sliver or fibres without having their effective working surfaces or circumferences
materially altered by the thickness or irregularity of the sliver or fibres being
treated, the delivery rollers however being always of the normal degree of
fineness.
To render my invention more clear I have appended hereunto a sheet of
illustrative drawings to which I will now refer.
Figs. 1 and 2 are sectional and front views respectively of a pair of the fluted and
grooved rollers with supporting rings or bearings which I have already referred to
as patented in the United Kingdom.
The fluted portions of the rollers are marked a and the supporting collars or
bearings which prevent the flutes or ribs from interlocking too deeply are
marked b.
As I have already explained, the disadvantages of this type of roller as now
made and when arranged in sets, are that the back pair of rollers between which
the sliver or fibre is first fed is not able to tread down and master the material,.
which accordingly lifts the top roller A from the bottom roller B and thus alters
the calculated ratio of even draw to the detriment of the work.
In Fig. 3, I show a diagrammatic sectional view of a four draft arrangement of
drawing rollers made and arranged in accordance with my improvements. C, C¹ is
the back or entering pair of rollers; D D¹ is the second pair; E E the third
and F F the last or delivery pair. The successive pairs of rollers are
differentially speeded in the usual manner so as to give the proper drawing effect
to the rollers.
If these rollers were fluted and ribbed in accordance with the present practice
under the aforesaid prior Patent of 1888 each pair would have the same normal
size of fine flute and rib viz. that size formed in the rollers FF. The result would
then be that the top roller C of the pair of entering rollers would be lifted from
the bottom roller Cowing to the thick uneven nature of the sliver or fibre c
passing between the rollers. The interlocking of the second pair DD' would
probably be also disturbed but to a less degree, while the third might be also
slightly effected.
But as shown in the drawing, and as already said, I do not adopt the ordinary

page_text: arrangement but form the flutes and ribs a³ of the back or entering pair C C
deeper, coarser and pitched more widely apart than usual, that is to say deeper and
coarser than the normal pitch, which is arbitrarily represented in the drawings in
Fig. 1 and in the delivery pair of rollers F, F in Fig. 3.
The flutes and ribs a² of the pair of rollers D D which follow the entering
pair C C are not so coarse as in the first pair C C¹ but are still a good deal
coarser than the normal rib and flute a of the last pair of rollers. The ribs and
flutes a¹ of the pair E E' are again less coarse; and the ribs and flutes a of the last
or delivery pair. F F are of the normal fineness.
The result of this arrangement is that the thick uneven sliver or fibre c entering
the back rollers C C₁ encounters such deep and wide grooves that it easily passes
between the rollers without lifting the top roller. Being largely reduced and
drawn out before it reaches the second pair of rollers, there is less difficulty in the
sliver passing these and still less in passing the third, while in passing between the
delivery rollers it has been drawn to the maximum extent. Thus the fibre or
sliver is gradually reduced without lifting any of the top rollers or causing any of
the irregularities in working hereinbefore referred to.
Instead of graduating the coarseness of flute and rib successively from the
entering to the delivery pair of rollers as described and illustrated, I might form
the back pair or the two back pairs of rollers only with the coarsely pitched flutes
and ribs.
In most cases this would suffice, as after having passed through one or two pairs
of rollers, the sliver, fibre or yarn is sufficiently extended and reduced to give no
further trouble with the remaining pairs of more finely fluted and ribbed
rollers.
Although I have shown a four draft arrangement of rollers it will be understood
that I might use any number of pairs greater or less than four.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. In combination with metallic drawing rollers for elongating, drawing and
reducing textile fibres, slivers and yarns (the said rollers being arranged in drafts
or sets and formed with interlocking flutes and ribs and held apart or separated by
removable or adjustable rings or bearings so as to prevent the interlocking flutes
and ribs from coming too closely together) forming the back or entering pair of
rollers with flutes and ribs coarser and deeper than those of the normally fluted
delivery or front pair of rollers, and sufficiently coarse and deep to allow the
undrawn fibre, sliver or yarn to pass between the entering rollers without lifting
the top roller.
2. In combination with metallic drawing rollers of the description indicated in
the Specification and drawings, graduating the coarseness, or depth and pitch
of the ribs and flutes, throughout the successive pairs of rollers in a set, from the
back or entering pairs of rollers in a set, which should be the coarsest of all, to the
front or delivery pair of rollers, which should be of the usual or normal fineness
for the purpose and substantially as described and shown.
3. In metallic drawing rollers arranged in successive pairs with fluted metallic
rollers both top and bottom, forming the said rollers with interlocking ribs and
flutes of varying and successive degrees of coarseness, the coarsest flutes and ribs
being formed on the entering pair of rollers and the finest flutes and ribs on the
delivery rollers substantially as described and shown.
Dated this 8th day of November 1894.
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
5, John Dalton Street, Manchester, Agents.