Improvements in Umbrellas and Parasols.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 6th Aug., 1889-Accepted, 7th Sept., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Umbrellas and Parasols.
We HERBERT HUGHES of the firm of Hughes and Young of Thomas Street
Manchester in the County of Lancaster Umbrella Manufacturers and WILLIAM
HOLLAND of the firm of Cox Brothers and Holland of Percy Road Greet in the
County of Worcester Umbrella Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of this
Invention to be as follows:-
Our invention has reference to the hollow or trough shaped ribs and stretchers of
umbrellas and parasols and consists in employing ribs of the construction hereinafter
described and combining them with certain kinds of stretchers also hereinafter
described.
According to our invention we make the ribs of hollow or trough shaped wires but
instead of making the bottom of the trough wire curved as usual we make the said
bottom flat so as to give a flat back to the rib. We do not limit ourselves to any
particular width of the flat bottom or back of the trough ribs.
By the use of flat back hollow or trough ribs great rigidity and strength are
imparted to the rib and side twisting of the rib when strain is put upon it is prevented
or diminished. As the flat back of the rib is presented and is in contact with the silk
or other covering of the umbrella or parasol the said covering is less liable to be
injured by the said rib than by hollow or trough ribs of the ordinary kind.
We combine with the flat back ribs described stretchers having a similar sectional
figure the concave sides of the troughs both of the ribs and stretchers being presented
to each other so that the edges of the stretchers and ribs come into contact when the
umbrella or parasol is closed. Or trough shaped stretchers having the ordinary
circular bottom or back may be combined with the fint back ribs herein before described
and may be made of such a width that they may enter and be embraced by the flat
back ribs causing them to lie equi-distantly around the stick and diminish the diameter
of the umbrella or parasol.
Dated this 12th day of November 1888.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Umbrellas and Parasols.
We HERBERT HUGHES of the firm of Hughes and Young of Thomas Street
Manchester in the County of Lancaster Umbrella Manufacturers and WILLIAM
HOLLAND of the firm of Cox Brothers and Holland of Percy Road Greet in the
County of Worcester Umbrella Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of our
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention has reference to the hollow or trough shaped ribs and stretchers of
umbrellas and parasols and consists in employing ribs of the construction hereinafter
described and combining them with certain kinds of stretchers also herein after
described.
According to our invention we make the ribs of hollow or trough shaped wires but
instead of making the bottom of the trough wire curved as usual we make the said
bottom flat so as to give a flat back to the rib. We do not limit ourselves to any
particular width of the flat bottom or back of the trough ribs.

page_text: •
By the use of flat back hollow or trough ribs great rigidity and strength are
imparted to the rib and side twisting of the rib when strain is put upon it is
prevented or diminished. As the flat back of the rib is-presented to and is in contact
with the silk or other covering of the umbrella or parasol the said covering is less
liable to be injured by the said rib than by hollow or trough ribs of the ordinary
kind.
We combine with the flat back ribs described stretchers having a similar sectional
figure the concave sides of the troughs both of the ribs and stretchers being presented
to each other so that the edges of the stretchers and ribs come into contact when
the umbrella or parasol is closed. Or trough shaped stretchers having the ordinary
curved bottom or back may be combined with the flat back ribs herein before described
and may be made of such a width that they may enter and be embraced by the flat
back ribs causing them to lie equi-distantly around the stick and diminish the
diameter of the umbrella or parasol.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents in side elevation a flat back
hollow or trough rib made according to our invention with which is combined a flat
back hollow or trough stretcher; Figure 2 represents a side elevation of a portion of
the same drawn to a larger scale and Figure 3 represents a cross section of the same;
a is the flat back hollow or trough rib and the flat back hollow or trough stretcher
jointed at c to the said rib and at d to the runner in the usual way. The shape of
the flat back rib and stretcher is best seen in the cross section Figure 3. By the use
of flat back hollow or trough ribs in the construction of the frames of umbrellas and
parasols the advantages herein before pointed out are obtained. It will be seen by an
examination of the drawing that the concave sides of the troughs of the rib a and
stretcher 6 are presented to each other so that their edges come into contact or nearly
into contact when the umbrella or parasol is closed.
In place of combining a flat back hollow or trough stretcher with a flat back
hollow or trough rib as described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 a hollow or
trough stretcher having the ordinary curved bottom or back may be used as illustrated
in elevation and section in Figures 4 and 5, where the flat back ribs are marked a and
the ordinary trough shaped curved back stretchers are marked e.. It will be seen that
the ordinary curved back stretchers e are made of such a width that they enter and are
embraced by the flat back ribs a when the umbrella or parasol is closed as represented
in the cross sections so as to diminish the diameter of the said closed umbrella or
parasol.
The ordinary stretcher e may either be jointed to the rib a so that its concave side
is presented to the concave side of the rib a as illustrated in Figure 4 or the convex
side of the stretcher e may be presented to the concave side of the rib a as illustrated
in Figure 5. By combining curved back hollow or trough stretchers of the kind
represented with flat back hollow or trough ribs as described and illustrated, the
jointing together of the ribs and stretchers is facilitated:
•
Although we prefer when combining ordinary curved back stretchers with flat back
ribs to give the former such a size that they will enter and be embraced by the latter
when the umbrella or parasol is closed yet curved back stretchers of the same width
as the flat back ribs may be used so that the edges of the stretchers when the umbrella
or parasol is closed abut against or nearly come into contact with the edges of the
flat back ribs.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed we declare that we claim
as our invention :→
First The use of flat back hollow or trough ribs in the construction of the frames
of umbrellas and parasols substantially as and for the purposes herein before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly-The combination of fat back hollow or trough ribs with either Hat back
hollow or trough stretchers or with ordinary curved back hollow or trough stretchers
"

page_text: in the construction of the frames of umbrellas and parasols in the several ways and
for the purposes substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the several
Figures of the accompanying Drawing.
Dated the Thirty first day of Ini- 19ea
HERBERT HUGHES.
WILLIAM HOLLAND.