Improvements in the Manufacture of Earthenware Pipes, Conduits, and the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 4th July, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 30th Mar., 1896-Accepted, 2nd May, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Earthenware Pipes, Conduits,
and the like.
We HENRY LEWIS DOULTON, Lambeth Pottery, London, in the County of
Surrey, Potter, and CHARLES EDWARD MORRIS, Lambeth Pottery, London, in
the County of Surrey, Correspondent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:
This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of earthenware
pipes, conduits and the like. Hitherto, in some cases, earthenware pipes have been
made with longitudinal cuts or grooves in such manner that each pipe may be
divided readily into two or more parts longitudinally. These cuts or grooves have
usually been produced by cutters or projections made in the dies through which
the clay is expressed to form the pipes. By thus making earthenware pipes they
can be dried and burnt without being divided, and if desired they may be laid
without being divided, and the dividing may be delayed till it is desired to remove
the upper part to obtain access to the interior of the pipes.
By means of this invention earthenware pipes and conduits are so made as to be
divided readily into two or more parts longitudinally, and in such manner that the
longitudinal division between the parts is of rebated cross-section. For this
purpose the dies through which the clay is expressed to make the pipe or
conduit are formed in such manner as to produce at each point where it is
required to divide the pipe or conduit a perforation of suitable cross-section
continuing longitudinally from end to end of the pipe within the thickness of the
earthenware. The dies are also provided with cutters or projections which
longitudinally cut or groove the pipe or conduit, both internally and externally,
and in such position with respect to the perforation that when the upper and lower
portions of the pipe are separated the division is of a rebated cross-section.. To
facilitate separation of the upper and lower parts of the pipe or conduit, the core
or portion of the die which forms the perforation is preferably made with cutters
or projections which produce cuts or grooves at points respectively opposite the
cuts or grooves in the internal and external surfaces of the pipe or conduit. The
section of the perforation is also preferably such as to provide, when the parts are
separated, a longitudinal groove or recess in the lower part to hold the plastic
cement used when the upper portion is replaced.
By the means hitherto employed in preparing earthenware pipes for division
into two or more parts, to which we have referred at the commencement of this
Specification, the upper portion of one pipe could not conveniently be joined to
the lower portion of another, owing to the unavoidable irregularities of form which
arise during manufacture. By making the pipes or conduits in accordance with
our invention, as described above, the upper portions when removed are
interchangeable owing to the fact that the space occupied by the perforation before
the parts are separated, provides a clearance between the two parts, and thus
irregularities of form such as are incidental to earthenware pipe manufacture does
not prevent the parts being fitted together.
A rebated division may be formed without the longitudinal perforation above
described. For this purpose internal and external cuts or grooves of a bent cross-
section are formed by means of suitable cutters or projections in the dies; or by

page_text: making one cut or groove, either internally or externally, of bent cross-section,
and the other straight; or by making both the internal and external cuts or grooves
of straight cross-section but in different planes.
In either of the methods we have described the thickness of the earthenware
where the division is made may be greater if necessary than at other parts of the
pipe or conduit.
This invention may be applied to earthenware pipes or conduits of any section,
with single or multiple ducts, with or without sockets and for the conveyance of
sewage or other liquids, or for the reception of electrical conductors. When
applied to conduits with sockets, the division of the socket may be effected by the
same means as have hitherto been used for this purpose.
By reason of the rebated form of the divided surfaces the parts when put
together after being separated are not liable to shift laterally, and further a sound
longitudinal joint may be made readily between the upper and lower portions with
Portland cement or other suitable material.
In some cases after the upper part of the conduit has been removed it may be
replaced by a similar piece of earthenware provided with a branch pipe or access
opening.
Dated this 3rd day of July 1895.
H. L. DOULTON.
CHAS. E. MORRIS.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Earthenware Pipes, Conduits,
and the like.
We HENRY LEWIS DOULTON, Lambeth Pottery, London, in the County of
Surrey, Potter, and CHARLES EDWARD MORRIS, Lambeth Pottery, London, in
the County of Surrey, Correspondent do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of earthenware
pipes, conduits and the like. Hitherto, in some cases, earthenware pipes have been
made with longitudinal cuts or grooves in such manner that each pipe may be
divided readily into two or more parts longitudinally. These cuts or grooves have
usually been produced by cutters or projections made in the dies through which
the clay is expressed to form the pipes. By thus making earthenware pipes they
can be dried and burnt without being divided, and if desired they may be laid
without being divided, and the dividing may be delayed till it is desired to remove
the upper part to obtain access to the interior of the pipes.
By means of this invention earthenware pipes and conduits are so made as to be
divided readily into two or more parts longitudinally and in such manner that the
longitudinal division between the parts is of rebated cross-section. For this
purpose the dies through which the clay is expressed to make the pipe or conduit
are formed in such manner as to produce at each point where it is required to
divide the pipe or conduit a perforation of suitable cross-section continuing
longitudinally from end to end of the pipe within the thickness of the earthenware.
The dies are also provided with cutters or projections which longitudinally cut or
groove the pipe or conduit, both internally and externally and in such position
with respect to the perforation that when the upper and lower portions of the pipe
are separated the division is of a rebated cross-section. To facilitate separation
of the upper and lower parts of the pipe or conduit, the core or portion of the die
which forms the perforation is preferably made with cutters or projections which
produce cuts or grooves at points respectively opposite the cuts or grooves in the

page_text: internal and external surfaces of the pipe or conduit. The section of the
perforation is also preferably such as to provide, when the parts are separated, a
longitudinal groove or recess in the lower part to hold the plastic cement used
when the upper portion is replaced.
By the means hitherto employed in preparing earthenware pipes for division
into two or more parts, to which we have referred at the commencement of this
Specification, the upper portion of one pipe could not conveniently be joined to the
lower portion of another, owing to the unavoidable irregularities of form which
arise during manufacture.
By making the pipes or conduits in accordance with our invention as described
above the upper portions when removed are interchangeable owing to the fact that
the space occupied by the perforation before the parts are separated provides a
clearance between the two parts, and thus irregularities of form such as are
incidental to earthenware pipe manufacture does not prevent the parts being fitted
together.
A rebated division may be formed without the longitudinal perforation above
described. For this purpose internal and external cuts or grooves of a bent cross
section are formed by means of suitable cutters or projections in the dies; or by
making one cut or groove either internally or externally of bent cross section, and
the other straight; or by making both the internal and external cuts or grooves of
straight cross section but in different planes.
In either of the methods we have described the thickness of the earthenware-
where the division is made may be greater if necessary than at other parts of the
pipe or conduit.
This invention may be applied to earthenware pipes or conduits of any section
with single or multiple ducts, with or without sockets, and for the conveyance of
sewage or other liquids or for the reception of electrical conductors.
When applied to conduits with sockets the division of the socket may be effected
by the same means as have hitherto been used for this purpose.
By reason of the rebated form of the divided surfaces the parts when put.
together after being separated are not liable to shift laterally, and further a sound
longitudinal joint may be made readily between the upper and lower portions with
Portland cement or other suitable material.
In some cases after the upper part of the conduit has been removed it may be
replaced by a similar piece of earthenware provided with a branch pipe for access
opening.
In order that this invention may be clearly understood reference is made to the
accompanying sheets of drawings.
Fig. 1. represents a cross section of a circular pipe made in accordance with this.
invention.
Figs. 2 and 3 represent cross sections of conduits suitable for the reception of
electrical conductors.
Figs. 4 to 9 are enlarged cross sections of one side of the pipe or conduit at the
part where the division is to be made.
Fig. 4 is a section previous to division and Fig. 5 shows the upper portion
detached, A is the longitudinal perforation in the thickness of the material..
B and C are respectively the internal and external grooves formed by cutters or
projections in the dies. D and E are the grooves formed by cutters or projections.
on the core in the die which produces the longitudinal perforation. F is the.
longitudinal recess made for the purpose of holding the plastic cement used when
the upper portion is replaced after division.
Fig. 6 is a section showing an internal and an external groove both of bent cross
section.
Figs. 7 and 8 show an internal and external groove, one groove being of straight
and the other of bent cross-section.
Fig. 9 shows an internal and an external groove both of straight cross-section.
but in different planes.

page_text: In Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 the direction of the fracture of the material is shown by
a dotted line.
.
.
Fig. 10 is a cross section of a conduit for electrical conductors of similar type
to that shown in Fig. 3, but with three ducts. The drawing shows the conduit
after the upper portion has been detached and replaced by a similar piece of
earthenware provided with an inlet g for branch cables.
Fig. 11 is a side elevation of the conduit shown in Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a cross
section of a conduit with two ducts for electrical conductors the upper portion
having been removed and replaced by a similar piece of earthenware made with
slots or openings j.
Fig. 14 is a side elevation of the conduit and cover shown in Fig. 12. The slots
or openings are shown at j.
In Fig. 12, K is a loose socket which may be of metal to receive branch cables.
Fig. 13 is the end view of the connection socket shown at K in Fig. 12.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
-
1. In earthenware pipes or conduits which are made to be divided into two or
more portions longitudinally the combination of an internal and external cut or
groove and an intermediate longitudinal perforation substantially as described.
2. In making earthenware pipes or conduits so that they can be divided into two
or more portions longitudinally, each of the methods of producing a longitudinal
division of rebated cross section by means of an internal and external cut or
groove substantially as described and shown in Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9.
3. The methods of making branch connections with earthenware pipes or
conduits substantially as described and shown in Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14.
4. Earthenware pipes and conduits substantially as described.
Dated this 27th day of March 1896.
H. L. DOULTON.
CHAS. E. MORRIS.