Improvements in and Apparatus for Sterilising Milk.
Year: 1894

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
"
Amendment (under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883), as allowed by
the decision of the Chief Examiner of the 27th day of May 1896.
Date of Application, 25th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 19th July, 1895-Accepted, 24th Aug.. 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Apparatus for Sterilising Milk.
We FRANZ GUILLEAUME, of Zweite Führgasse Bonn, Kingdom of Prussia,
German Empire, Manufacturer, and EWALD GOLTSTEIN, of 85 Koblenzer Strasse
at the same place, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention to be
as follows:-
The sterilising process which mainly consists in subjecting the substance to be
sterilised to the action of heat, has the disadvantage, when applied to milk, of
injuriously affecting its taste by imparting to it a peculiar flavour, suggestive of
the heating or boiling process it has undergone, and which accounts for the
aversion to sterilised milk which many infants exhibit.
Now we have found that this objectionable effect in the process in question is
due to the gaseous agents contained in the milk, and that, if such gases be expelled,
the milk loses the peculiar taste we have described and does not resume it at any
subsequent time, unless, after boiling, air be admitted to the milk.
According to our invention in sterilising milk the sterilising vessels are first
filled with the milk to be treated, the vessels are then closed with any well known
elastic-closing devices, and the said vessels introduced into a closed chamber or
space, wherein a vacuum is produced.
The milk by such means will be deprived of its gaseous components, as these
When the air and
will escape, owing to the yielding nature of the closing device.
other gases have thus been removed, the sterilising operation proper is proceeded
with in the usual manner, no air being allowed to gain access to the milk in the
meantime.
But while this process frees the milk from the undesirable taste, it leads at the
same time to the formation, within the milk reservoir, of an empty space which,
however small in extent, is nevertheless a serious disadvantage since such a space
affords room for the displacement of the milk, when shaken by the concussions or
joltings in transit from place to place, thereby causing or assisting in causing the
separation of butter in the milk.
The formation of any such empty space is obviated according to our invention
by treating the milk in vessels, one or more walls of which is or are formed as
flexible membranes, the flexibility or resiliency of the said wall or walls being so
proportioned, as to allow the capacity of the chamber to increase under the pressure
of the expanding milk, by only 4 per cent. of the normal capacity of the said
chamber; that is to say in a less proportion than that in which milk expands on
being heated to a temperature of say 100° Centigrade. By this means, while
limiting escape of the milk, the vessel is capable of filling up instantly, of its own

page_text: accord, any empty space which may be forming, since the flexible walls or
membranes, as, they yield inwardly under the external pressure, proportionately
reduce the capacity of the vessel. The milk is consequently closely confined, or
tightly compressed at all times between the walls of the chamber containing it, the
external pressure of the atmosphere preventing the formation of any empty space,
and the milk is thus free from the bad effects caused by agitation or shaking
in transit. If the nature of the improved vessels be taken into account, fluctuations
of temperature will exercise no influence on the efficiency of the apparatus.
When vessels such as those herein described are employed the shocks occurring
during transport, act through the bulk of milk against the elastic closing arrange-
ment, and it is therefore, after sterilising, advisable to transform the resilient
closing device into a rigid one.
Dated this 25th day of October 1894.
COME HERE DI ECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in and Apparatus for Sterilising Milk.
We FRANZ GUILLEAUME, of Zweite Fährgasse Bonn, Kingdom of Prussia,
German Empire, Manufacturer, and EWALD GOLTSTEIN, of 85 Koblenzer Strasse
at the same place, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The present invention relates to the treatment of milk for storage and transport
by heating the same in order to sterilize it, and has for its object to prevent the
milk from having imparted to it the well known flavour resulting from the
boiling or heating process when performed as usually, and to avoid the formation
of an empty space between the milk and the vessel it is contained in, such empty
space permitting the milk to be shaken and causing the butter to separate out.
We have found that the peculiar flavour imparted to the milk by the heating or
boiling process is due to the gaseous agents (air and carbonate acid) which it
contains. When the milk is first deprived of the said gases and then heated, it will
be found free from said flavour, and when air is admitted to milk treated as above,
the said peculiar flavour will readily be imparted to it.
According to our invention in sterilising milk the sterilising vessels are first
filled with the milk to be treated, the vessels are then closed with any well
known elastic closing devices,, and the said vessels introduced into a closed
chamber or space, wherein a vacuum is produced.
The milk by such means will be deprived of its gaseous components, as these
will escape, owing to the yielding nature of the closing device. When the air
and other gases have thus been removed, the sterilising operation proper is
proceeded with in the usual manner, no air being allowed to gain access to the
milk in the meantime.
But while this process frees the milk from the undesirable taste, it leads at
the same time to the formation, within the milk reservoir, of an empty space which,
however small in extent, is nevertheless a serious disadvantage since such a space
affords room for the displacement of the milk, when shaken by the concussions or
joltings in transit from place to place, thereby causing or assisting in causing the
separation of butter in the milk.
The formation of any such empty space is obviated according to our invention
by treating the milk in vessels one or more walls of which is or are constructed
with metallic membranes the flexibility or resiliency of the said wall or walls being
so proportioned, as to allow the capacity of the chamber to increase under the

page_text: pressure of the expanding milk, by only 4 per cent. of the normal capacity of the
said chamber; that is to say in a less proportion than that in which milk expands
on being heated to a temperature of say 100° Centigrade. By this means, while-
limiting escape of the milk, the vessel is capable of filling up instantly, of its own
accord, any empty space which may be forming, since the flexible walls or-
membranes, as they yield inwardly under the external pressure, proportionately
reduce the capacity of the vessel. The milk is consequently closely confined, or
tightly compressed at all times between the walls of the chamber containing it,.
the external pressure of the atmosphere preventing the formation of any empty
space, and the milk is thus free from the bad effects caused by agitation or shaking
in transit. If the nature of the improved vessels be taken into account, fluctuations.
of temperature will exercise no influence on the efficiency of the apparatus.
When vessels such as those herein described are employed the shocks occurring
during transport, would act through the bulk of milk against the elastic closing.
arrangement, and it is therefore, after sterilising, necessary to transform the
resilient closing device into a rigid one.
On the annexed sheet of drawings are represented several forms of cans.
constructed as described.
Fig. 1 shows in front elevation, and Fig. 2 in side elevation partly in section,.
a round can with flat sides a which are bent inwards so that they are capable of
yielding outwards under the pressure of the milk during the heating process, as
indicated in dotted lines. b is the elastic or self closing device which, after the
resiliency of the walls is exhausted, is lifted by the expanding milk so as to allow
some of the same to escape. When the heating operation is accomplished, and
before the content of the can is allowed to sensibly cool, the cover b is pressed
against its seat by means of the spring guard c. Under these conditions, as soon as
a vacuum will form owing to the cooling of the can, the atmospheric pressure.
causes the sides a to yield inwards whereby the formation of any empty space is.
prevented.
In Fig. 3 is represented in elevation with a portion of the front wall broken
away, a can made in the shape of a cube the four sides of which are constructed
with sheets a¹ formed of steps giving it the required resiliency.
Fig. 4 illustrates in elevation, partly in section a bottle shaped can, the bottom a³:
of which is constructed with a sheet formed of steps.
It is obvious that any kind of known self closing device, for instance appropriate
valves may be combined with the improved can, and that the latter may be given
any appropriate shape allowing it to be constructed as described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven--
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. The improved process of treating milk for storage and transport which consists
in first depriving the cold milk from air and other gaseous matter, then heating:
it and protecting it against the access of air, substantially as described.
2. The improved process of heating milk for storage and transport which consists
in first depriving the cold milk from air and other gaseous matter, then heating.
and protecting it against access of air, and causing any empty space left by the
treatment to be filled up automatically, substantially as described.
3. A vessel constructed with metallic membranes and fitted as above described
with an elastic or self closing device in such a manner that but a small quantity of
the liquid is allowed to escape during the heating operation, as and for the purpose-
stated.
Dated this 19th Jul 1895
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
Agents.