A NEW METHOD OF MANU- PACTURING AND MAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND POTTERY WARE IN GENERAL, AND OF DISCHARGING THE MOULDS USED THEREIN
Year: 1800

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ISAAC
SANFORD, of Hartford, in the State of Connecticut, in North America,
Gentleman, at present residing in the Parish of Saint Paul, Covent Garden,
in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing dato
at Westminster, the Twentieth day of January, in the fortieth year of His.
reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Isaac Sanford, my exors, admors,
and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Isaac Sanford, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend the Invention therein mentioned, to wit, "A NEW METHOD OF MANU-
PACTURING AND MAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND POTTERY WARE IN GENERAL, AND OF
DISCHARGING THE MOULDS USED THEREIN;" which Invention I, the said Isaac
Sanford, was possessed of in consequence of a discovery made by Apollos
Kinsley, of Hartford aforesaid, Doctor of Physic, and communicated to me by
the said Apollos Kinsley, within that part of Great Britain called England,
the Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner
as to me, the said Isaac Sanford, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should seem
meet, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers, privileges,
and advantages therein granted or mentioned to be granted unto me, the said
Isaac Sanford, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, for and during and unto the
full end and term of fourteen years therein expressed; in which said Letters

page_text: Patent there is (amongst other things) contained a proviso, that if I, the said
Isaac Sanford, should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be
inrolled in the High Court of Chancery within four calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said
Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted,
should utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the said Letters
Patent, reference being thereunto had, will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Isaac Sanford, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, as follows, that is
to say:
I make a frame of wood or metal and place it horizontally, then put two
posts perpendicular about the middle, with a piece or pieces extending from
the top of one post to the other, and made fast to each at the bottom; and
between the posts is a platform, on which is placed a conical tub with the
smallest end downwards, or strait tub, and supported between the perpen-
dicular posts; a spindle or shaft is placed in the centre of the tub, extending
from the bottom up through the cross piece or pieces at the top of the posts.
On the top of the spindle is a sweep or lever, by which the spindle is turned
round by any force applicable to machinery. A number of sections of a screw,
operating as forcers, are fixed in that part of the spindle, or shaft which is
contained within the tub; each section is shaped a little like a dovetail, and
placed with the broadest end next the tub, and are severally elevated one
edge above another, so as to form an angle from thirty to forty-five degrees,
more or less, as may be required. Those at the top of the tub are narrower
Than those below, and each set gradually widen a little down to the bottom
ones, which are nearly semicircular; by that means, when the clay is fairly
under it cannot rise, as the whole are set with the same angle, and all act on
the principle of a screw. They are set in the spindle or shaft, and extend to
the side of the tub in opposite directions; by that means, the clay in passing
from the top to the bottom sections is sufficiently tempered; the bottom ones
screw the clay into the moulds with great force, they being placed under to
receive it. The clay passes through holes or spaces in a moveable frame under
the platform. The spaces are in proportion to the shape and size of the
moulds to be filled, allowing the mould to be a little larger than the column
of clay which fills it, otherwise the clay will force the sand from the moulds,
and adhere, so as to prevent their discharging the bricks. By changing the

page_text: moveable frame under the platform, bricks, tiles, pottery, and ornaments of any
shape and size may be made in the same machine, a number of bars fixed
horizontally in and through the tub occupying the spaces in which the
sections and forcers do not work, to prevent the clay from turning round in a
a body, and also assist in tempering the clay. The moulds while filling and
passing through are supported on a bed or table composed of a number of
friction rollers, by which means the moulds are preserved from wear, and meet
with little or no resistance, except by cutting the columns of clay which fill them.
When the moulds are to be filled, they are shoved under the moveable frame
and tub by means of a rack and lever, or a cog wheel acting in the rack
instead of the lever. The rack is graduated according to the size of the moulds,
calculating each pull of the lever or cog wheel to shove in a set of empty
moulds and a set of full ones out. A click or dog falls into a notch in the
rack and holds it at each shove, and when terminated, the click or dog is lifted,
and the rack immediately draws back, by means of a weight or spring, to give
room for the empty moulds to be again shoved under and filled. A hole is
made through the platform over one of the moulds, through which the clay is
forced, and rises when the mould is full, and shews when to shove them out.
The moulds used in the above-described-machine may be various, either withi
false or fixed bottoms, sides, or ends, or open at top, bottom, sides, or ends.
But such as are used by the Inventor, Dr. Apollos Kinsley, of Connecticut,
I think most convenient; they contain from one to six bricks in each mould,
according to their size. Each frame or mould has a fixed bottom, and when
more than one brick is moulded in the same framo or mould the division
between them is made in three parts; the middle piece is made a little tapering,
and serves as a wedge to confine the other two parts in their places while
the mould is filling, and when discharged, the wedge or middle part is lifted
out, which liberates the other two; by that means the moulds are discharged
with ease. Moulds for large single bricks and ornaments have one side, bottoni
or end, taken off by means of steady pins, joints, or cramps, which will confine
them while filling, and may be opened in any way that will allow them to
discharge. The moulds may be made of metal or of wood, and lined with metal.
The foot of the spindle may stand in and be supported by a bar, made fast to
the platform at the bottom of the tub, or it may be supported by a collar,
inclosing the spindle above the semicircular sections, and made fast to the tub,
by that means the whole space under the forcers will be open, and free to form
bricks and ornaments of any size or shape. The friction rollers are placed in
a frame, which may be raised or lowered by screws, according to the thickness
of the bricks or ornaments, and by means of the screws the moulds may be

page_text: liberated from any foul matter that may obstruct their passage through the
machine. Clay for bricks, ornaments, potters' ware, and tiles of all descriptions
may be tempered and moulded of any size or shape in the above-described
machine. The clay being put into the tub, is, by the action of the sections,
perfectly tempered and moulded at the same time.
VARIATIONS.
The brick machine may have two tubs with spindles and sections, and
both worked by one lever or sweep by means of a shaft placed between them;
on the middle shaft may be a cog wheel, in contact with two others on the
spindles, to which the forces are fixed. The sweep may be placed on the
middle shaft, and by that means operate two movements instead of one; and by
setting the lower forcers edgewise or perpendicular, the clay may be force.l out,
and mould bricks at the side instead of the bottom.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth
day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand and eight hundred.
Inrolled the Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thou-
sand eight hundred.

page_text: The Tub
The Spinelle
c. The sections of a scre
The fiction rellers
The platform on which the moulds are
placed when sanded
9. The rack
The click r
The lever
· dey which holds the ruch
The weight which draws back the rach
The sweep that turns the spindle
c. Shows the spindle and Sections
Shows a mould for fur brichs having the
centre divisie in three parts
c. Shows a mould for the bricks with one
side taken cfl'
c. Shews the connection of the ccg wheels
c. 5 Shos e bars which are lived in and
through the tub.