CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS BY MYSELF, AND OF A COMMUNICATION MADE TO LE BY A CERTAIN FOREIGNER RESIDING ABROAD, OF CERTAIN ADDITIONS TO AND IMPROVEMENTS ON MACHINERY TO BE USED AND APPLIED IN MANUFACTURING CARDS FOR CARDING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND TOW, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS OF THE LIKE DESCRIPTION
Year: 1814

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
C. Dren, of Boston, State of Massachusetts, one of the United States, late
residing at Gloucester Place, Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex, but
now of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of
December, in the fifty-fifth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph C. Dyer, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, His especial licence, full
power, solo privilege and authority, that be, the said Joseph C. Dyer, his
exors, adñiors, and assigns, should and lawfully might, during the term of
years therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS BY
MYSELF, AND OF A COMMUNICATION MADE TO LE BY A CERTAIN FOREIGNER RESIDING
ABROAD, OF CERTAIN ADDITIONS TO AND IMPROVEMENTS ON MACHINERY TO BE USED
AND APPLIED IN MANUFACTURING CARDS FOR CARDING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND
TOW, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS OF THE LIKE DESCRIPTION;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, so that if I, the said Joseph C.
Dyer, shall not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Iuvention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and scal, and cause the same to be inrolled in IIis
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and

page_text: immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said
Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted,
shall utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the same
(relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph C. Dyer, do hereby declaro that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained as follows, that is to say:-
Whereas an Invention of certain Machinery to be used and applied in
Manufacturing Cards, the sole use and application whereof hath been secured
to me by His Majesty's Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, tho
Thirtieth day of October, in the fifty-second year of His reign, and the
same was duly specified and enrolled, and doth consist of certain machinery or
mechanical instruments so combined as to form machines to produce at one
and the same course of operations 'thereof, all the required efforts to make
and manufacture cards, that is to say:-Instruments (1) for stretching or
holding the leather; (2), for piercing fit holes therein to receive staples or
card teeth; (3), for duly feeding and cutting off the wire in suitable lengths to
form staples; (4), for bending and putting the said staples into the holes so
made in the leather; and, (5), for then giving the legs of the staples the
proper knee bends to form card teeth, which completes the same; and (6) for
duly shifting the position of the loather to receive the said staples at the
required distances from each other, and in regular rows, according to the
desired pattern.
And whereas the Invention now hereafter described doth likewise consist of
a certain construction of machinery, or combination of instruments forming
machines, to manufacture sheet and fillet cards at one and the same course of
operations thereof, wherein, among other things, are employed several instru-
ments or parts of the like nature with those described in the Specification
above referred to. I do, therefore, in the first place, especially declare that
the machinery hereafter described may bo and is considered as improvements
in various respects in and upon the said Invention so secured, and that on
- account of the utter impracticability of specifying such improvements separately
and by themselves without making and describing Drawings of the whole
machine so improved, and of the additions thereto, as herein set forth, I do
hereby refer unto the said Specification so inrolled, in order that such parts
hereof as form part of the Invention so before secured to me may be clearly
seen and distinguished from the said improvements and additions now to be
specified, and in order also that the operation of such parts of the machinery

page_text: as remain without any material alteration may be understood by consulting
the said Specification, and which will render a minute description of such
operations unnecessary herein. And I do further declare, that the partienlar
structure of my said machinery to be herein pointed out and distinguished is
shewn in the Drawings hereunto annexed, in all of which the same letters and
characters do indicate and denote the sanic things, (excepting as to the
Figures 24, 25, & 26); and such parts as are more immediately connected
with each other, as to the motions and effects to be produced thereby, are made
nearly of the same colour.
In the Drawings, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, & 7 are different views of a machine
to make sheet cards, on a scale of one half the size, for making cards of
twenty-five inches long, and seven inches broad, and of course will answer for
smaller sizes.
Figs. 5, 8, 9, 10, 11 are different views of those parts of the machines called
the headwork, common to all the different sorts of machines; these parts are
drawn of the full size required for the largest machines.
Fig 22 and 23 exhibit the fitting up of the carriage, and of the mode of
giving the twill or other figure for a fillet card machine, and are drawn of the
full size. The other Figures show detached and additional parts of the said
machinery, to be hereafter described.
Fig. is a plan of the machine, as seen with the headwork (see Fig. 5)
taken off.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation, as seen from the right hand, and Fig. 3 is an
elevation of tho other end of the machine.
Fig. 4 is a section or cross cut through the centre of the machine, in which
the headwork is represented in its place.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section, shewing the parts of the machine for
holding and carrying the leather, situate back of the central length line of the
machine; and
Fig. 7 represents those parts immediately employed for giving the end shift
to the said leather in the act of making cards.
The letters B, B, &c. denote the principal base or cast-iron frame, upon
which are strongly scrowed down the standards or cast-iron frame-pieces
D 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, which serve to support the several operative parts of the
machine in their places, as shewn in the Drawings. The descending circular
part of the base frame, forming a hollow open at the top, serves to admit the
main carriage to pass the same as it moves to the left, and thereby prevents
the necessity of having the base frame continued its whole width to the end of
the rim of the said carriage, as seen at B 2, (Figs I and G).

page_text: 2B 8 is a cast-iron bar, secured down on the base frame, and having an
angular groove on the upper. side thereof, forms the bed in which the main
carriage is moved from right to left. "G, G, &c. is the main carriage, the lower
bar of which, G, is fitted and ground to the said groove, so as to slide freely
back and forth therein. The angular toothed bar or rack G 2 is firmly
secured to the bar G, and serves to give motion to the main carriage, as here-
'after described. The cast-iron bars or pieces E, E 1, having their ends fitted
to lay against the upright bars of the main carriage, aro carried along there-
with by means of the pieces screwed into the end of E 1, which passes
through the slit or oblong square in the bar of said carriage, as seen at g, g, and
which piece, being fitted to slide freely in said space, an up and down motion
of E.and E 1 upon the face of the carriage is allowed to take place. At
E5 two pieces are fixed by strong screws at the back and near the top of E 1,
.and made to rest upon and slide along the upper surface of the hanging bar H,
by which means El and the parts connected therewith, are upheld as they
move along with the main carriage. This bar H lays against the faces of the
stands D. 1, 2, and 3, where it is suspended, and raised or lowered by tho
chains and pulley's, as seen fixed at the ends thereof, whence the piece EI,
and parts attached to it, will of course be raised and lowered along, with this
bar, and be suffered to move endwise,over, the same, the bar itself being
(confined as to any end motion by the open box-piece screwed to its end, which
is made to clip the sides of the standard D 2. This piece has an adjustable
bearing face, and is fitted to the standard, so as to allow the bar to slide freely
up and down thercon. The pieces E2, E8, are two thin plates, with holes
fitted to go on the strong pins or studs fastened in E, E 1, where they can be
casily put on and taken off. Those plates are provided with rows of sharp-
tened pins or points set close together and near the edges thereof, and by
(having the said pins pressed through the opposite edges of the sheet of leather
serve to hold the same for stretching in the machine. At h, h, h, h, is repre-
sented four strong screw boxes, made' with central studs or pivots, that pass
through holes in the ends of E and E1, where they are secured by nuts on the
:back sides (see Fig. 21), but so as to have a little circular motion on their centres,
which motion will be in the direction to cross the length line of the screws passing
through them), and the screws h 1 and h 1, having each a right and left hand
thread, and acting in the screw boxes, serve to force the same apart, together with
the parts connected with the upper and lower boxes, whereby the sheets of leather
are in effect stretched and held with a proper degree of tension to make the
cards, as shewn at E 1, 2, 3, 4, Fig. 6, and also in Fig. 4. A, A, represents tho
principal axis, which is carried round by any first mover, either with a band

page_text: and pulley, or by a winch and wheelwork, as shown at Fig. 1 of the Draw-
ings; this axis is provided with camms or eccentric bearing pieces, numbered;
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, which serve to give motion to the several.
operative parts of the machine. D 4 & D 5 are the fixed standards for,
supporting the platform whereon the parts are placed to operate immediately
upon the wire to form staples, and which are called the headwork. The nature
of the improvements to be pointed out in the construction of these parts,
that is, of the different parts employed for conducting, drawing forward,
cutting off, and forming the wire into staples, and for carrying forward
and placing the same in the leather, is clearly delineated and shewn in
the annexed Drawings by the Figures 5, 8, 9, 10, & 11, and also in the section,
Fig. 4; and the said improvements will be clearly distinguished and
understood by inspecting the said Figures, and comparing the same with
the Drawings and description of the corresponding parts of the Specifi-
cation of the Invention above referred to, the same letters of reference as
therein employed to describe the said parts being now used in the Figures
just referred to to denote the like parts. The improved construction of the
staple carriage and of the top slider, with the parts connected to and
moving therewith for carrying the side beuders and regulating and adjusting
the motions thereof, are calculated to give more solidity to the parts, and to.
secure a greater degree of regularity in their movements, whereby the staples
are formed and placed in the leather, without the necessity of employing the
part called the "staple guide" in the former Specification, and which is therefore
now dispensed with. From bare inspection of these improvements, as deli-.
neated and shewn in the said Figures abovo referred to, it will be evident that
the parts which operate immediately upon the wire to form the staples, and
place them in the leather, are greatly simplified, and rendered more easy to be.
kept in order in performing their work. The piece i, i, of the staple carriage
called "the bearer" is now fitted to be raised and let down (in a frame piece.
fastened to the beak) by a sliding motion, instead of moving on centres as.
before, and which is clearly shewn at Fig 4, and also at Fig 5, 8, &c. The
central sliding piece, called the presser, instead of being made with only a.
thin blade to cross the staple crown as before (and which in making fine,
cards was liable to dent or injure the staple crowns), is now made with a thin,
transverse plate or blade, crossing the forward end of the said presser to form;
length bearing against the said staple crowns, whereby the same are driven;
home in the leather without causing any injury to the finest wire. The beak:
of the staple carriage is of course made with a transverse groove or slit, to
allow the said cross blade of the presser to slide backward and forward therein;

page_text: see Fig. 11, and also Fig 4, 8, &c. This improvement in the end of the
presser, though of a very simple nature, is of the first importance in the
machines to make fine cards. The improved construction of the piece called
the piercer, with the mode of fitting in and holding the points for making
Holes in the leather, is shewn at Fig" 8, 9, &c.; and the method of hauging
and giving motion thereto is shewn seperately at Fig. 12, and also in its place
at Fig" 1 and 4.
Fig. 18 is a detached view of tho shears employed for cutting off the wire,
the same being also shewn in their places in Fig. 1. The improved "knee
benders" are seperately shewn at Fig. 14, as fitted up with sliding pieces, and
held by adjusting screws for confining and regulating the small looped wires
called the crookers, the same being also shewn in their places at Fig 1 and +,
wherein the method of giving motion thereto is delineated and shewn at
Y, Y, &c.
My improved method of giving to the main carriage the required end shift
or sliding motion is described as follows:-K, K, &c. represent a strong dog,
hung upon screw centres, as shewn in Fig. 1, and having a long arm pro-
ceeding forward to the front of the machine, which is acted upon to give
motion to the said dog by the proper camm on the main arbour, as herein-
after described (this arm is represented as broken, to shew the parts of the
Drawing under it). The short arm K1 of this dog is made with a strong
transverse plate K2 at the front end thereof. This plate has an open space
or slit through it, extending about two thirds its length, and is fitted up with
top and bottom sliding plates as follows; that is, the bottom plate K 4 is
made with an oblong piece projecting upwards, fitted to slide in the space of
the plate K 2, and is enough shorter than said space to admit about half an inch
motion endwise. K3 is the top plate secured to K 4 by strong screws
passing through the projecting piece of the latter, and holding the same firmly
together, and so as to allow them to slide freely over the central plate, as is
shewn in the Drawings, Fig. 1, 6, and 7. The steel piece K 5 is fitted and
secured to the under side of the sliding plate, having its descending edge cut
into angular teeth to correspond with the teeth on the bar or rack G 2, and to
fit into the sanie, as shewn in the Drawings. The quantity of back and
forward motion to be given to these sliding plates is just equal to two of the
teeth in said bar, the same being adapted to the required distance of end shift
in the main carriage, between the successive settings of the card teeth in the
leather; and this motion is regulated and determined by the stop screws in
the upright branches of the strong piece J, J, &c., which piece is firmly
secured to the fixed bar 13 by the screws at J 2 and J 3, L, L, &c. shews

page_text: the apparatus employed for throwing back and forward the sliding plates of the
dog just described, and in which L1 and L2 represent two lever pieces called
the claw dog frames, moveable upon screw centers 11 and 12, and connected
by the rod L3, jointed to them at equal distances above and below their
respective centers, as shown in Fig. 7; and L4, L5, are the claw dogs, also
The horizontal
jointed to the said frames by screws at the top thereof.
branch of L1 is joined by the connecting rod and the ball and socket joint to
the end of the beam L, as seen at L*, Figures 1 and 2. The beam L is hung
and moveable on the strong stud, fixed in the frame D 1, see Fig. 1 and 2,
and is acted on by the camm 11 on the main arbour, whence it is manifest that
the motion of this beam will cause the horizontal branch of L1 to rise and
fall, and thereby give motion to the claw dog frames on their centers, and
consequently to the claw dogs L4 and L5, which will thus be made to
approach to and recede from each other at every alternate throw of the beam L,
and the quantity of motion so given to the claw dogs is regulated by the
screw and nut upon the top of the connecting rod L*; see Fig. 2, and also
Fig. 1 and 7. The claw dogs take hold of the upright ends of the sliding plate
K 4, and, acting thereon one at a time, give it the required motion for moving
the main carriage. M, M, &c. denote the claw tumbler, which is moveable
on the centre M 1, but limited in its motion by the legs M2 and M 8; see
Fig. 7. It serves to raise and keep up either of the claws, according to its
position, and, being provided at the end M* with a side projecting piece, which
been kept either above or beneath the claw tumbler stop N*, prevents any re-
versement of position until the said stop becomes removed clear of the said pieces.
M 5 is the claw tumbler weight, which pulls downward upon the claw tumbler
Ty menos of the sliding rod M 4, which is hung upon the said claw tumbler;
and the said rod being confined between pins in the sliding bar M 6 (see
Fig. 6 and 7), is made to press, as occasion requires, either on the right or
left hand side of the center M 1, and to cause the claw tumbler to shift its
position when set at liberty from the stop M. And the action or process by
means of which the leather is shifted endwise in the main carriage, between the
insertion of the staples, to form a row of card teeth, is as follows; viz' :-
The main dog being let down so as to bring the teeth of K 5, at the bottom of
its sliding plates, into those of the rack G 2 beneath, where it is firmly held
down (by means of a spiral spring acting on the long arm of said dog), and the
claw dog L 4 being also down in its place to act upon the end of the sliding
plates, the camm 11 on the main arbour is brought against the extremity of
the beam L, and by forcing the same down throws forward the sliding plates,
together with the rack and main carriage, until the motion thereof is arrested

page_text: at the opposite end of the said plates, as seen at J*, Fig. 6 and 7. The
camm 10 coming now to act against the long arm of the main dog will raise
the same, and thereby lift the sliding plates upon its short arm, so as to raise
the teeth out of and clear from those on the rack beneath. The camm 11
having ceased to press upon the beam L, the front end thereof is allowed to
ascend so as to allow the claw dogs to be drawn apart (by the re-action of spiral
wire springs fixed to the top branches of L 1 and 2, and to studs at the end of
B 3, see Fig. 1), and the dog L 4, in returning, will bring the sliding plates
back over two teeth in the rack beneath, and so as to bear against the opposite
stop screw, when it will be in the position to be again let down upon the rack
for a second throw, and in like manner the main carriage is successively
moved through the whole length of the intended run, when the projecting
pieco G 8, fixed near the bottom of the bar G 1 of the said carriage, will come
in contact with the screw in the adjustable piece at N 5, upon the horizontal
rod N,N, &c. This rod, being jointed to upright end pices which move upon
centers at NS and N 4, is capable of a little endwise motion, and having
a pin proceeding from it through the tail of an upright bar at N 2, which
last is moveable on a stud at N 1, and having the claw tumbler stop fixed
in the upper end thereof at N*, it is evident that the motion communicated to
'the said rod by G 8 will cause the said bar to turn on its centre, so as to
throw the said stop at N* clear of the projecting side pieces in the claw
tumbler, and permit the shift or reversal of the said tumbler to take place;
and in tho run of the main carriage the bent end of the adjustable picces G 4
upon the bar G will have come in contact with the sliding bar M 6, and moved
the same, together with the rod and weight M 4 and 5, so that the reversal of
"the said claw tumbler will take place at the moment when G 3 comes
"in contact with the said screw at N 5, and which will in effect determine the
'run of the main carriage as aforesaid, (see Fig. 7, where the parts are in the
position for the said reversal to take place, the top of the bar at N* being
shown as broken away, to exhibit the claw tumbler stop, which is a projecting
side piece secured therein by an adjustable screw,) and at this time the claw
dog L 5 will fall down into its place of action upon the opposite end of the
sliding plates, and by the like course of action shift the main carriage in the
opposite direction, until it has moved so as to bring the piece G 3 in contact
with the screw at N 6, when the reversal will again take place in the manner s
as before described. But since it is clear that by the action or process here
I described the return would be made so as to cause the teeth to be set in the
small holes as had been made before, it is therefore necessary not only that the
sheet of leather should be raised upon the termination of each successive course
'

page_text: of staples to form new rows, but also that the end shift or throw of
the main carriage in one direction should not correspond with those in
the opposite direction, it being required that the beginning of one row
of staples should be removed to half the distance that the staples are
apart from the termination of the last row, in order to make what I call
plain cards. This is effected as follows:-The sliders upon the main dog
being calculated to shift the main carriages at each successive throw
a' dištance equal to two teeth of the rack (as already stated), the last throw
thereof, after the termination of each row, is confined to the distanco of one
tooth only by means of the piece G4, G5, on the bar G; "the ends of these
picces at G 5 stand up a little so as to come in contact with the pin proceeding
forward from the sliders of the dog, and the said pieces, being adjustable, are
so set as to arrest the said sliders, so that they can only be drawn back over
one tooth of the rack; which will of course limit the distanco of the last throw
of the rack to one tooth only; and as the sheet of leather will also at this
time bo raised (as hereafter described), the staple to be placed in the leather
immediately after the said last throw of the dog will be the first staple in the
next succeeding row, and the reversement of the claw tumbler having at the
same time been effected, as before described, the parts will be in their position
to give the return movements of the carriage, which will be performed in suc-
cessive positions, differing one tooth of the rack from those of the last run, and
consequently give to the card the figure required. It will here be observed
that as the claw dogs have to draw back the sliders of the main dog over two
successive teeth through the run, it is necessary for them to be fitted up with
yielding end pieces which take hold of the said sliders, and which will give
way the distance of one tooth, when the return of the sliders is arrested at the
end of the run by the stop G 5, as stated. These pieces are shewn at Figs. 6
and 7 as held in their places by spiral wire springs, sufficiently strong to bring
back the said sliders regularly against their respective end stops. But when it
is required to make twilled cards, or any different figure, instead of the above
contrivanco for changing the action of the sliders in the teeth of the 'rack, the
following method is employed for changing the rows on the card, to give the
required figure, viz:-An additional bar is fitted to lay flat against the bar G;
where it is secured by strong screws passing through oblong holes of said bar,
and having largo heads acting against springs, which shall keep the said bar
strongly down upon the face of G, but so as to admit of a little sliding motion
endwise, independantly of the motion given to the rack, and to this additional bar
the upright bars of the frame G 1 are strongly screw'd, instead of being imme-

page_text: diately fastened to G, as in the Drawings; and upon the fixed framework, at
the opposito ends of the run of the main carriage, are placed either notched,
or wedge, or inclined circular pieces, moveable, so as to present suitable points
of resistance to the motion of the frame G 1, (together with the sheet of
leather), and thereby stop the same at either end at any required distance short
of the total run, which would otherwise be given to the same by the last throw
of the rack for the termination of each successive row of staples; and the said
points of resistance must be formed and shifted so as to give the twill or
required figure to the card.
: The process for raising the sheet of leather (in the stretching frame) to
form the different rows of staples, is performed as follows:-F, F, denote two
horizontal levers, the lowermost of which has an horizontal motion upon the
screw in the upper lever at F 2, and it has also a perpendicular motion along
with the other, which last is moveable upon the center screws at F 1. The
upper lever rests upon the end of the screw which passes through the projecting
branch of the standard O 2, and is provided with a screw near the front end
thereof, at F 7, which bears upon the cross piece of the lower lever at F 5;
this last lever is bent down to be out of the way of the standard, and also at the
front end, to be acted upon by the double camm piece 12 (open in the center)
upon the main arbor. It is placed between springs at F 4, upon the top of
the upright bar P, to which it is connected by a pin which drops into a hole of
said bar; seo Fig" 2 and 7. The upright bar P is secured in the box upon
the axis beneath, and moveable upon the centers P 1 and N 4. The descend-
ing branches of the axis is jointed to the long rod N, N, &c., Fig. 7, as before
described, whence it is evident that the very same motion given to the rod by
the stud G 3, to cause the reversement of the claw tumbler, will also commu-
nicate the required motion to the upright bar P, and throw out the lever at its
top upon either side, so as to bring the end thereof over one of the elevated
faces of the camm 12, which will lift the said levers, and throw up the claw dog
jointed to the upper lever, and thereby turn the ratchet wheel above, so that the
holding claw dog.can gather. One tooth of said ratchet wheel is secured to the
end of the bar that carries the lifting pullies. The card will in effect be raised
at the precise point of time required, at the end of each successive run of tho
main carriage. It will here be observed that the office of the springs upon the
upright, bar Pis to bring back the lower lever to its place under the other, whero
tho camm is open, immediately after the action of the camm against the former.
The advantages derived from the nicthods just described for giving motion
to the main carriage, and for producing the reversement in the run thereof, are

page_text: in part enumerated as follows:-The teeth in the sliders of the main dog being
made to act in the rack, not only to move the carriage endwiso and shift the
position of the leather as required, but also to stop and hold the same steady
after each successive end shift, and which, as hath been shewn, is performed by
means of only one rack or notched bar, this rack, together with all the parts
employed for moving the carriage and reversing the motion thereof, are placed
behind the bar or bed on which the said carriage runs, by which means the
machine is left open along the front of said carriage, so as to admit the upright
bars thereof to extend down below the said bed, and consequently to admit the
stretching frame, with the sheet of leather, to descend in part below the bed of
said carriage without being interrupted in its back and forth run. This brings
the weight of the carriage and stretching frame down nearer to the central line
of action for giving motion thereto, which causes the saino to be moved with
greater ease and steadiness; and by thus bringing down the frames for
holding and carrying the sheet of leather, the standards of the principal frame,
with all the parts attached to them, are much less elevated from the base
frame than would otherwise be requisite, and the headwork and other parts,
which operate immediately upon the wire and leather, are consequently placed
nearer the base frame, whereby the same are more firmly held, and mado to
operate with much less shake or trouble than when supported upon higher
standards, as formerly, and which is a very important improvement in the
construction of the said machinery, as will be evident by inspection of the
Drawings.
The method, as described, for raising the sheet of leather is also an
essential improvement, inasmuch as it secures the rising of the leather
at the same time when the roversement of the run of tho carriage takes
place, as the same rod is employed to comniunicate the needful motions for
both purposes, as already described.
And I do further declare, that the camms for giving motion are duly formed
as to the bearing faces thereof, and so placed and fitted as to operate at proper
times, for which the skill and attention of a competent workunan who shall
duly peruse and examine the present Writing and the Drawings hertunto
annexed, together with the Specification herein-before referred to, will be
sufficient and adequate; and also that all the several parts of the said
machinery which require to have their respective positions and motions
accurately regulated and determinated are provided with adjusting pieces and
screws, as shewn in the said Drawings; and generally that the said Drawings
will serve to explain many particulars of the constructing and using of the said
machinery which could not be shewn or explained in words.

page_text: And I do also declare that the operation of making sheet cards doth take
place as follows:-(1), the piercer makes holes in the leather, while (2):
the wire a is duly protruted by the rollers c, and partially toothed wheel 15;
(3) the presser is allowed to spring forward and hold the wire firmly.
against the bearer i; (Fig. 8 represents the stage of the operation;) (4), the.
shears p, q, cut off the wire; (5), the side benders k, k, advance and form the
staple against the sides of the bearer i; (6), the staple carriage and side
benders ailvance and lodge tlie staple in the holes; (7), the sido benders
begin to recede, but the staple carriage continues to advance till the bearer i
comes near the leather; (8), the knee benders w, w, descend and form tho.
knces, while (9) the main dog rises, and the sliding plates thereon are drawn.
back;(10), the bearer i, i, rises and the presser shoots forward and,
drives the crown of the staple home to the leather; (11), the staple carriago,
and side benders are drawn back, the bearer descends; and the end shift of the
leather is made by the camm 11, and the apparatus driven thereby; (12), the
knee benders rise and all the parts of the machinery will recover their previous
situation, by the revolution of the principle axis (excepting as to the end shift
of the main carriage), and (13), the succeeding revolution of the said axis
causes the like effects to take place for forming and placing a second staple,
and so on, untill the course or row of the staples shall be completed; (14), at,
this period the ratchet wheel apparatus, by the camm (12), causes the
stretching frame and sheet of leather to rise through a space answering to
one tooth of the wheel, which places the said sheet in a situation to receivo
the next course of staples, and, 15, the operation proceeds in a reverse order
of end shift, and in like manner the work may be continued at pleasure....
.
For constructing a machine to make fillet cards, and for giving the twill or,
other figure thereto, the main carriage is fitted up with an inside frame for
holding and regulating the side shift of the leather, as shewn at Figure 22,
and the apparatus for giving the said twill or other figure is delineated and
shown in the said Fig. 22 and also in Fig. 23. In these Figures, B 4 is
the bed; G 6, 7, and 8, the main carriage; E, E, &c. is the inside sliding
frame, the feeding rollers R, R, being hung in the upright end pieces E 7,
of said frame for holding the fillet of leather. The back roller only is shown in
Figure 22, but an end view of both rollers is shewn at Figure 23, with a piece
of leather passing between them, and the crooked spring employed for holding
them together. At Figure 22 is represented the sliding coupling of the back
roller, which is composed of a flat bar, passing through a hole or box to fit it
in the axis of the driving pulley, which latter turns in a hole through the
standard D 6, and drives the said 'roller, whilst the same is allowed to move

page_text: back and forth by the sliding of the said bar through the coupling box. The
upright pieces E 7 are firmly secured to the long sliding bar beneath at E 6.
This bar is held against the back of the bars G 7 of the main carriage by
small bridge pieces, through which it is allowed to slide freely back and forth.
It is held strongly with its back angular face against the said bridge pieces by
a regulated pressure of the tec-spring Q against the front face of the said bar,
to prevent any separate end motion of said frame until that effect is required
to take place. D 7 is the fixed framework for supporting the up and down
sliding plate S, S, which latter is notched upon its opposite edges to form
suitable bearing faces, against which the end of the screw E 10, and the small
roller fixed in the sliding bar E 9, are respectively brought to act for
changing the position of the said inside frame and fillet of leather upon the
main carriage, as the same are carried back and forth by the action of the
claw dogs upon the rack. The snaill piece T is hung with its axis T 1, to
turn upon centre scrows in the frame D 7, just behind the sliding plato S,
(see Figure 23), and it is formed with four excentric faces, having each three
bearing points at 1, 2, 3, where the sniall roller fixed in the sliding plate is suc-
cessively brought to rest, as the said snail piece is turned round (at the back of
the uprights plate S) by means of the ratchet wheel (of twelve teeth, and fixed
upon the same axis with the said snail piece) acted upon by the small dog
fixed to the main carriage at G 10, and by which means the said sliding plate
is successively raised and let down, so as to bring the properly notched hedges
thereof to act against the bar of the sliding frame, and cause the needful end
shift thereof to take place at the opposite ends of the run of the main carriage,
to give the twill or other required figure, as will be evident from inspecting
the Drawings referred to, wherein the division of the ratchet wheel, the
snail piece, and the notches in the sliding plate are calculated to produce the
ordinary twilled figure of six divisions to the crown; but it is manifest that
by forming different bearing faces in the said sliding plate and snail piece,
and adapting the number of teeth in the ratchet wheel to the same, different
divisions of the said twill or other figure may be given to the card. The
other particulars of the construction of the fillet card machine will be
understood by reference to the Specification of the Invention herein-before
referred to, and from which the said improvements now just described may
be distinguished.
All the foregoing improvements, as indicated and described, are such as I
give the preference to, the same being according to the actual construction of
the machinery which I now use for making cards. The following variations,
however, may be made in the construction of the said machinery, if decined
expedient, and which (together with a great many others) may be left to the

page_text: judgment and skill of any competent workman, to be adapted thereto; that
is to say, Figures 16 and 17 represent two different methods of fitting up
the dies for conducting the wire, the steel piece through which wire passes to
be cut off, being in both held in a frame piece upon the end of said dies, and
provided with adjusting screws for regulating the distance of said cutting
piece from the break. Figure 18 is an end view of Figure 17. The con-
struction of these parts is clearly shewn by the Drawings, and the use of
either enables me to dispenso with the holding frame of the cutter, as shewn
at P, in the other Drawings. Figures 19 and 20 exhibit a plan and section of
a contrivance for guiding and drawing forward the wire to be used, instead of
the feeding rollers and dies, as shewn in Figure 5. In the said Figures, a part
of the platform is shewn at A, a. B, b, is a bed held down upon the platform
by adjusting screws, aud fitted up with the steel bottom die C, c, extending the
length and breadth of the top die F, f, and the wire is conducted between
these dies, through a small groove along the face of C, c. D, d, represents
a dovetail sliding piece kept in its place by the die C, c, and the opposite
plate G, g; from the edge of this plate proceeds a piece or central dic, about
one third the length of the open space in C, c, and F, f, where it slides, and
having a groove in the upper side thereof made to correspond with that in C, c;
the wire will lay straight on this die as it passes between the others. H, h, is
a small piece jointed to D, d, and made to close down upon the central sliding
die, so as to hold the wire firmly between them. I, i, K, k, are two levers,
the former having an horizontal and an up and down motion upon the central
joints at 4, and the latter an up and down motion only upon the centre 5,
acted upon respectively by duly formed camm pieces, as shewn, fixed to the
end of the main arbour A. The lever K, k, is connected with the joint upon
D, d, and capable of raising and pressing down II, h, for holding the wire;
whence it follows, that when the tail of said lover is pressed out hori-
zontally, and at the same time raised by the action of its double camm, as
shewn, it will throw forward D, d, and H, h, with a portion of wire through
p, and the lever K, k, being at this time made (by its proper camm) to press
down upon the wire, will prevent its being carried back by the return of D, d,
(caused by the action of the spring L, 1) and which will again seize and
bring forward another portion of wire, and thus continue the act of feeding.
Another method of feeding the said machine is described as follows, (and
for the sake of facilitating the description thereof, I will here use over again
the letters of the alphabet). a, b, is a flat horizontal bar, supported at the left
in the upright c, the end 6 being towards the beak, and supported by any
fixture from the platform. d. e. f. g. form three sides of a box, sliding freely
on this bar. At the corner d of the box is hung a bent lever m, n, turning at

page_text: its corner; the arm m of this lever works above, and n behind the bar. The wire
is pressed between the short arm and the inside of the sliding box, and is
carried along with the box. and I are two thin bent lovers, having consider-
able spring, and turning on pivots about half way between the feeding appa-
ratus and the main arbour, and they are moved backward and forward parallel
to the bar a, b, by camms or other suitable means. p is a moveable stop, and
q is a fixed one; the wire is represented passing through a hole in each piece
and behind the lever n. p is fastened by a screw, and the nearer it is brought
to c the more wire is carried in, as the box works between two stóps p and q;
in returning towards p the lever 1 pushes it along till stopped at p, when
lets go, and the lever & takes effect against the arm m of the lever, which
causes the arm n to seize the wire, &c., which carries it, along with the box, till
stopped at 9, then whilst the wire is held by any convenient pressure, and
cut off,) the lever lets go, and again throws back the box for another
portion of wire, and so on the said feeding may continue. And further,
instead of employing those parts of the headwork of my said machinery, as
described, for-making and placing the staples in the leather, the same may be
effected by constructing the machinery in the following manner, though I do
not recommend it in preference); that is, the wire when carried forward and
cut off (by either of the methods above described), is seized and held
between instruments of the nature of plyers, called the jaws, opening vertically,
and formed as shewn at Figure 25, and the bottom jaw separately at
Figure 26, where the wiro is shewn crossing it; and when thus held, another
pair of plyers, called the stapling plyers, opening horizontally outside of the jaws,
close and form the staple, as seen, at Figure 25; these parts then, instead of
going forward to place the staple in the leather, stand still, whilst the leather
moves horizontally towards the staple, and receives it in holes previously
pierced; this being done, the plyers and jaws let go their hold of the crown
and the leather retires. The leather, besides coming forward to receive the
staple, comes forward also immediately after against the points or piercers,
to make holes for the next stables. The piercers are placed one on each of the
jaws of the stapling plyers, which plyers are again closed to present the points
or piercers to the leather, the leather therefore moves back and forward twice
and the stapling plyers open and close twice for overy staple. With this
construction of the machinery, the order of placing the rows of staples is
the reverse of that herein-before described, that is, the bottom row of the
card is stuck first, and the sheet of leather is let down a little between the
setting of each row, the knee benders therefore are fitted to work down
behind the leather from above the row of staples when setting them in the
leather, and they are made to move along with the same. The frame for

page_text: holding the sheets of the leather is supported at each end on a spiral thread
on pillars, which pillars being turned a given distance at the end of each row
lets down the leather for another. The carriage frame and leather is moved
endwise, by means of logs working across the frame, and which having
oblique or enclined end faces, that are brought to act alternately against pins
or studs, set at equal distances along the bottom of the carriage frame, do by
a wedge action cause the said carriage frame to slide back and forth. This
carriage slides upon a circular bar, in a hollow bed, whereon it also turns as
its axis in moving back and forward to receive the staples in the leather; the
motion, therefore, of the leather is not exactly horizontal, but the curve of its
motion is so small as not to impede the entrance of the staples. Most of
these motions are given by a wheel, whose axis runs across the machine under
the headwork, which wheel being about nine or ten inches diameter, rises a
little above the said work, on the side of it opposite to the leather, and the
different parts above described for forming the staples are moved by inclined
planes or camm pieces, placed circularly on the inside of this wheel, at diffe-
rent distances from its centre, and the arms of the said parts are brought in
communication with the said camms or inclined faces, so as to be moved
thereby, or else the required motions of the different operative parts may
be communicated to the said machinery by any other well known means,
and which may be left to the judgment and skill of the workmen in con-
structing the same.
In witness whercof, I, the said Joseph C. Dyer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One