IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR SPINNING
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR
SPINNING." A communication from abroad by John Birkenhead, of the
State of Massachusetts, United States of America."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1878.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MECHANISM FOR SPINNING." A communication from abroad by John Birken-
head, of the State of Massachusetts, United States of America.
The improvements have reference to the ring spinning frame, and consist in the
combination of the yarn guides movable with the ring rail, with supports for such
guides sustained by the said rail and movable independently thereof, the yarn guides
being maintained at a uniform distance from the ring rail during a partial or entire
vertical movement of it. Also in the spinning ring or one or more of the supports of
the spindle provided with one or more yielding projections for use in effecting con-
centricity of the ring and its spindle. Also in the creel having the upper bearings
of the lower range of roving skewers arranged above and between the lower
bearings of the upper fellow range of such skewers. Also in the combination of a
a train of gears for revolving the shaft or shafts of the lower drawing rolls with a
perforated endless belt and two pin wheels, and a carrying or expansive arm applied
to the train and to the shaft and box of the spindle band drum. Also in the com-
bination with the spindle, the oil reservoir, the socketed projection, and the spindle
supporter having an oil passage leading from it into the oil reservoir of an oil
absorbing sleeve or packing encompassing the said supporter and arranged in its
sustaining socket. Also in the combination with the spindle and its socketed oil

page_text: reservoir of a spindle supporter arranged within the socket of the said reservoir,
and capable of yielding laterally to enable the spindle while revolving to maintain
an upright position. Lastly, in the spindle step and oil reservoir supporting neck
provided with yielding projections in combination with the rail socket adapted to
receive such neck and projections, and provided with a set screw for clamping the
neck in the socket.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th May 1879.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MECHANISM FOR SPINNING." A communication from abroad by John Birken-
head, of the State of Massachusetts, United States of America.
Figure 1 denotes a front-view and Figure 2 a side elevation of portions of a ring
spinning frame illustrative of or including that part of my Invention which consists
in the combination of yarn guides, movable with the ring rail, with supports for
such guides sustained by the said rail, and. movable independently thereof, all sub-
stantially as set forth, the yarn guides being maintained at a uniform distance from
the ring rail during a partial or entire vertical movement of such rail. Of the
remaining Figures, those denoted by the numbers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
and 14 are illustrative of the second part of my Invention, which consists in the
spinning frame ring, or one or more of the supports of the spindle thereof, provided
with one or more yielding projections, or such and sockets thereof, substantially as
described, arranged therewith as and to operate essentially in manner and for the
purpose as set forth. Of these last mentioned Figures, Figure 3 is a vertical section
of the ring rail and its ring and spindle, the stepped bolster, and the supporting
rail of the latter, as provided with the said second part of my Invention; Figure 4
is a side view and Figure 5 a horizontal section of the ring, such section being
taken through the soft metal or yielding projections of the shank of the ring;
Figure 6 is a side elevation and Figure 7 a bottom view of the stepped bolster ;
Figure 8 is a side view and Figure 9 a top view of the metallic washer of the screw
shank of the bolster; Figure 10 is a top view of the washer as provided with a
yielding or soft metal ring extending from it; Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14 are herein-
after referred to or explained. In ring spinning frames as constructed prior to my
Invention it has been customary to have the guides through which the yarns are
carried in their passage from the delivery rolls to the travellers stationary. As a
consequence the ring rail during its vertical movements would be constantly varying
its distance from the guides. Thus the portions of yarn extending between the
guides and the travellers would correspondingly be either increased or diminished
in length. In growing larger they, by centrifugal force generated in them, would
be bowed out so much as to frequently come into contact with those next them.

page_text: The tension on the yarns also became variable so as to cause uneven twist, and
besides, other disadvantages have resulted which are overcone by or are not incident
to my improvement. It has also been customary to have the sustaining bar of the
yarn guides movable and supported by rods applied to slotted arms extending from
a rock shaft provided with other arms and rods to support and actuate the ring rail,
such enabling the traverse of the guide bar to be independently of and variable
relatively to that of the ring rail, the parts however being so constructed that the
guide bar could not be moved either upward or downward independently of the
ring rail without altering or varying the traverse of such bar. My improvement
enables the guide support bar to be supported by the ring rail, and to be movable
vertically independently thereof, to adapt it to bobbins of different lengths, and to
be moved by the ring rail, and maintained during such movement at an equal dis-
tance from the said rail. On moving the guide bar upward and putting a wedge
or blocking on the ring rail and beneath the stud projecting from the support bar of
such guide bar as hereinafter explained, or by having the stud adjustable vertically
and provided with means for clamping it in position, I can adapt the guide bar to
its proper position relatively to a bobbin, and still have the guide bar moved by and
at an equal speed with the ring rail. In Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings A, A',.
denote two spindles; B, their supporting rail; and C,. their ring rail, the latter being
provided as usual with a ring a to each spindle. The yarn guides to such spindles_
are represented at D,.D!, as projecting from a movable horizontal bar E fixed on the
upper end of a slide bar F. The said bar F is arranged against the side of a vertical
post G of the frame, and has studs or guides b, b, extending from it, the said bar,
into a straight groove c made in the post. From the bar Fa stud or pin d extends
and projects a short distance over the ring rail. On the ring rail being moved
upward it, by pressing against the stud d, will move it upward, and thereby the
guides will be correspondingly moved upward, a lowering of the ring rail being
attended with a like depression of the guides. Thus it will be seen that the
guides, while the ring rail may be in movement and against the stud d,
will be maintained at a uniform distance from the ring rail, whereby the length
of yarn between each guide and the traveller of the ring directly under it
will be uniform, although that between the guide and the delivery rollers will
be variable. In forming loads on bobbins it may not always be desirable to have
the guides maintain their uniform distance from the ring rail during an entire
vertical movement of it, in which case, for the ring rail to effect the upward
movement of the guides at the desirable part of its traverse, the stud d may be
arranged at the necessary distance above the ring rail, when the latter and the
guide bar are at their lowest positions. With the yarn guides movable with the
ring rail, as described, I am enabled to use a lighter traveller, and can thereby spin
finer yarn and put less twist per inch in it than can be accomplished when the
guide is stationary. Furthermore, such effects uniform tension of the yarn between
the traveller and the guide, and is also productive of other important advantages.
The second part of my Invention is to enable the ring to be adjusted into concen-
tricity with the spindle, or the spindle into concentricity with the ring, which I
accomplish in manner and by means different, as I believe, from any heretofore in
use.
In the Drawings relating to the said second part of my Invention, A denotes
the spindle; B, the ring; C, the ring rail; D, the stepped bolster; E, its metallic
washer; F, its confining nut; G, the bolster rail; and H, the bolster confining
screw. The spinning ring has inserted in its shank a and projected outwardly
from the outer periphery thereof, two or other suitable number of soft metal or
yielding projections b. They may be of lead or copper. Generally speaking, I bore
semi-spherical holes or sockets in the ring shank and insert therein shot or globes
of lead of like diameter, such being arranged on that half of the ring shank which
is opposite to the half thereof against whose middle the ring confining screw c is to
abut. On fixing the ring in place, should it not be concentric with the spindle,
such ring may be adjusted into concentricity therewith by a few blows of a ham-
mer against the ring and by setting up the screw so as to cause the projections to

page_text: yield or be contracted to the necessary extent. To effect the adjustment of the
spindle to concentricity with the ring I provide the lower surface of the head d of
the bolster, in like manner, with a set of such soft metal or yielding projections b
arranged in sockets therefor (see Figures 6 and 7); and the metallic washer may
likewise have such projections applied to it, they being shown at b in Figures 8
and 9. Sometimes, in the place of such, I employ a soft metal ring, inserted
partly in the bearing surface of the bolster or that of its washer, such being as
shown at b in Figure 10. This ring is to project from the surface a suitable dis-
tance. On screwing up the nut, should the spindle not be in concentricity with
the ring, a few taps or blows of a hammer on the top of the bolster head or on the
bottom of the nut, and in a proper place or places thereon, will generally suffice to
effect the desired adjustment, the yielding projections contracting under the force of
such taps or blows to the necessary extent. To ascertain when the ring and spindle
are in concentricity, I apply to the spindle, in case it may be a tapering one, a
cylindrical quill or bobbin, shown in elevation in Figure 11, and in longitudinal
section in Figure 12; or I use a cylinder having a tapering bore to fit the spindle,
and concentrically on such quill or bobbin I place a centralizer, shown in bottom
view in Figure 13, and in side view in Figure 14; the upper and lower portions e, e,
of which are conic frusta. One conic frustum, however, is all that is necessary to
the centralizer. When it has two, one is generally smaller than the other, to
enable the centralizer to be adapted to rings varying in size. This centralizer,
when the ring becomes concentric with the spindle, will drop into the ring in a
manner well understood by spinners and also by makers of ring frames. Instead of
inserting each of the yielding projections in a socket made in the part to receive it,
such projection may be otherwise properly fixed to such part. The adjustment of the
ring and spindle may be effected partially by taps on the ring and also on the bol-
ster, or on such and the washer. After the ring and spindle may have thus been ad-
justed they will generally maintain their positions a long period of time before further
adjustment may be required. Should it be desirable to adjust the combined step and
bolster laterally, its shank, instead of having a screw, may be without such, and be
provided with yielding or soft metal projections to bear against the socket in the
rail; and there may be screwed into the rail one or more screws to abut against
the shank and force its yielding projections against the socket, such being like what
is represented in Figures 18, 19, and 20 hereinafter explained. Or, instead of
fixing the projections in the shank they may be arranged in or applied to the
socket and between it and the shank. By setting up the screw or screws the
shank may be adjusted laterally; so as to adjust the spindle into concentricity with
the ring. The third part of my Invention, or "improvements in the ring spinning
Frame," relates to the "creel" for supporting the "roving skewers," and consists in
arranging the upper bearings of each lower range of skewers above and between
the lower bearings of the fellow upper range of such skewers, all being substantially
as set forth. Figure 15 denotes a front elevation and Figure 16 a transverse section
of part of a creel provided with my improvement. In the said Figures 15 and 16
the roving skewers of each lower range are shown at a, a, a, &c., and those of each
upper range at b, b, b, &c., while c, c, c, &c., denote the upper bearings of the lower
range, and d, d, d, &c., the lower bearings of the upper range, such bearings being
formed in arms or brackets A fixed to and projecting from the centre board B of
the creel. My arrangement diminishes the height of the creel, comparatively
speaking, to what it would be were the upper bearings of the lower range of
skewers on a level with or below the lower bearings of the upper or fellow range,
and, besides, is advantageous in other respects. The fourth part of my Invention
of improvements in ring spinning machinery relates to the mechanism for operating
the "drawing rolls," and consists in a train of gears, a perforated endless belt, two
pin wheels, and a carrying or expansive arm, one of the pin wheels being fixed on
the shaft of the spindle band drum, while the upper gear or gears of the train are
applied to the shaft or shafts of the drawing rollers, the arm being applied to the
box of the drum shaft. Figure 17 is a side view of the said mechanism; Figure 17'

page_text: is a top view of certain parts to be described. In this Figure a, a, denote the
shafts of the drawing rolls, there being fixed on such shafts the two upper gears c, c.
of the train c, c, d, d, e, arranged as shown. The lower gear e is fixed on the same
shaft with the larger pin wheel g, about which and the smaller pin wheel i fixed
on the shaft k of the spindle band drum la perforated endless belt h is arranged, as
shown. This belt I usually make of leather, and perforate it with holes at equal
distances apart to receive and operate with the pins of the pin wheels. Each of
such pin wheels consists of a common wheel having short round pins or studs
extending radially from its periphery at equal distances apart. The sustaining arm
is shown at p, it being fixed on the hub of the box of the spindle drum shaft. It
supports the shaft f carrying the gear e and the pin wheel g. This arm I usually
make so that it may be readily shortened or lengthened, as occasion may require to
tighten the perforated belt on its pin wheels. To this end the arm may be in two
pieces lapped on each other and slotted to receive clamp screws; or there may be
between such pieces, or suitably arranged, a spring for moving one away from the
other so as to maintain the belt properly strained on its wheels. The object of
having the perforated belt and its pin wheels is to prevent the great noise that
ordinary gears are liable to produce when used to connect the train with the shaft
of the spindle drum. The combination constituting my improvement also obtains
a_positive motion-of- the-spindle-belt- drum, and thus avoids the difficulty
which arises from driving the shafts of the lower delivery rolls by endless
belts proceeding from pulleys or wheels fixed on the shaft of the said drum.
The fifth part of my Invention or improvement in the ring spinning frame has
reference to the combined step and bolster of each of the spindles, and consists
in the combination, substantially as described, of a yielding packing, cushion, or
sleeve, with the oil reservoir, the step, and the socketed projection thereof,
the said sleeve being arranged between the bolster and socketed projection so as to
form a yielding lateral support for the said bolster, whereby the spindle while
running is enabled to maintain itself in a vertical position. Furthermore I provide
the supporting neck of the oil reservoir with yielding studs to co operate with the
fastening screw in setting the spindle into concentricity with the ring. Figure 18
denotes a spindle and a vertical section of its supports provided with these last
mentioned parts of my Invention; Figure 19 is a horizontal section through the
yielding packing of the bolster; Figure 20 is a rear view of the oil reservoir and
its neck. In Figure 18 of the Drawings A denotes a ring frame spindle extending
through and fixed to a conical cap B, having the whorl C applied to it or making
part of it, as shown. The bolster for supporting the spindle is represented at D as
in one piece with the step E, although such is not essential to my Invention. The
bolster is tubular, and is inserted in a cylindrical socket a made in a projection b
extending up from the bottom of the oil trough or reservoir F, whose supporting
neck is shown at n. A passage c leading through the lower part of the projection b,
and also through that of the bolster, serves to conduct oil from the reservoir to the
step and into the bolster. The socket a has a diameter larger than that of the
bolster, and there is placed in such socket and about the bolster a yielding or elastic
packing or sleeve d, which I usually make of cloth. It may terminate at the top of
In this latter case
the projection b, or it may extend up to the top of the bolster.
it serves, like a wick, to draw oil up to the top of such bolster. This packing should
be fitted in a socket and about the bolster in a manner to not only support the
latter in place, but to allow of it yielding laterally, so as to enable the spindle
while in rapid revolution to run evenly or adjust itself into a vertical position, and
thereby overcome any tendency of it to vibrate. I would remark that in place of
the cloth sleeve one of leather or india rubber, or a series of metallic springs, may be
used; or a short metallic tube, cut or made so as to answer as an elastic or yielding
support to the bolster, may be adopted. The oil reservoir or step neck n that is
inserted in the socket o of the spindle sustaining rail G, I provide with a set of
yielding projections p, each of which may be a small leaden shot inserted in a semi-
cylindrical or semi-spherical socket in the neck. These projections I arrange in

page_text: that semi-cylindrical part of the neck which is opposite to the part of the neck
against which the confining screw is to act. The neck socket.o of the rail is to
be of a diameter large enough to receive the neck so studded with yielding pro-
jections. On setting up the screw, should the spindle be out of concentricity with
the ring, the projections will yield; or they may be made to yield so as to cause the
spindle to come into concentricity with the ring. By having the yielding sleeve or
packing made of cloth, or a material capable of absorbing oil and raising it, as does
the wick of a lamp, and by having such packing arranged as described with the oil
reservoir and the duct or passage leading therefrom to the foot or step of the spindle,
it will be seen that the sleeve, when the reservoir is supplied with oil, will be
saturated therewith, and thereby be prevented from becoming hard or unyielding.
Having thus described my Invention, what I claim as such is as follows, that is to
say. I claim in the ring spinning frame the combination of the yarn guides,
movable with the ring rail, with supports for such guides, sustained by the said rail
and movable independently thereof, all substantially as set forth, the yarn guides
being maintained at a uniform distance from the ring rail during a partial or entire
vertical movement of it. 2. I claim in the ring spinning frame the spinning ring,
or one or more of the supports of the spindle, provided with one or more yielding
projections, substantially as described, arranged therewith and to operate essentially
in manner and for the purpose set forth. 3. I claim in the ring spinning frame the
creel, having the upper bearings of the lower range of roving skewers arranged
above and between the lower bearings of the upper fellow range of such skewers,
all being substantially as set forth. 4. I claim in the ring spinning frame the com-
bination of the train of gears for revolving the shaft or shafts of the lower drawing
rolls with a perforated endless belt, and two pin wheels, and a carrying or expansive
arm, as described, arranged with and applied to the train, and the shaft, and box of
the spindle band drum in manner and to operate essentially as set forth. 5. I
. claim in combination with the spindle A and with the oil reservoir F the socketed
projection b and the spindle supporter D, E, arranged and provided with the oil
passage c, as described, an oil absorbing sleeve or packing d, arranged with the said
supporter D, E, and in its sustaining socket, substantially as set forth. 6. I claim
the combination with the spindle A and socketed support F, b, n, of the vertical
spindle supporter D, E, arranged within the said socketed support, and capable of
yielding laterally, as described, for the purpose or purposes set forth. 7. I claim
the step and oil reservoir supporting neck provided with yielding projections, as set
forth, in combination with the rail socket adapted to receive such neck and pro-
jections and provided with a set screw, all being essentially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 17th day of May, A.D. 1879.
T