IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF RAISING LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS POR THE SAME
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OF RAISING LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS POR THE SAME."-A com-
munication from abroad by Pierre Léon Margot, junior, of 29, Boulevart
St. Martin, Paris, Vat Maker.
Sealed the 12th November 1867, and dated the 14th May 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
14th May 1867.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS OF RAIBING LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of raising fermented and
other liquids by the pressure of carbonic acid gas, which latter becomes com-
pressed in proportion as it is generated.
The improvements are especially applicable for raising beer from the cellai
instead of by the ordinary mode. The carbonic acid gas is produced pure by
the action in a wet state of tartaric acid on bicarbonate of soda; in this
manner I am enabled to dispense with washing and purifying apparatus. The
reaction is operated in any suitable chamber or capacity of sufficient strength,.

page_text: the affinity of the acid for the salt being such that a relatively considerable
pressure is produced by the generation of the gas.
The generator may contain ice for cooling the carbonic acid gas, and it is
also enclosed in strips of cloth, coal, or sawdust, or other non-conductor of
heat. The carbonic acid gas produced under pressure in the generator passes
into a condensing reservoir provided with a pressure guage, and is supplied
by the aid of a cock and safety valve for acting on the beer or other liquid to
be raised and supplied to the counter or other point. For the purpose of
cooling the beer it is usual to enclose the ascending pipe in another, the space
between containing ice, or a current of cold water is sometimes applied; from
this arrangement it often results that the beer is kept too cool, as the
temperature at which it should be consumed is about fifty degrees, above or
below which it loses its qualities. To obviate this I propose to surround the
ascending pipe with strips of cloth or felt, and a layer of pulverized coal, sand,
sawdust, or other non-conducting materials; in this manner the beer having
a temperature of about 50 degrees in the cellar may be supplied to the tap at
the same temperature.
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing which shows the
apparatus I employ for the purpose.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the apparatus for producing the carbonic
acid gas, and, Figure 2 a sectional elevation on a smaller scale of the whole
apparatus, showing its connection with the barrels and the ascending pipe.
The same letters of reference serve for the two Figures.
a, generator of the carbonic acid gas, which may be made of any material
ór dimensions, but preferably of spherical form; it is provided with an opening b
for the introduction of the tartaric acid, bicarbonate of soda, and ice, a
discharge pipe being also provided at bottom with a cock c.
The gas passes
into the condensing reservoir by a pipe with stop-cock d; f, guage for
indicating the pressure; g, tap for regulating the supply of gas; h, safety valve;
i, pipe for conducting the carbonic acid gas under pressure to the barrels j;
k, pipe through which the liquid rises from the barrels to the counter or other
point, said pipe being enclosed as before mentioned with a non-conducting
material; the bracket or part carrying the taps is also similarly provided
with non-conducting materials. The parts being arranged as described, the
carbonic acid gas is produced in the generator a, whence it passes into the
condensing reservoir e at the desired pressure created by its generation, with
which chamber the barrel to be discharged of its contents is placed in com-
munication by the aid of cock g; the required pressure being regulated
according to the height the liquid is to be raised by means of the safety

page_text: valve h, and when the pressure diminishes in e it is immediately re-established
by opening cock d.
The Invention thus consists in the improved means and apparatus for
raising liquids by the aid of carbonic acid gas berein described, the chief
features being,
1st, the application of a safety valve.
2ndly, the introduction of ice into the generator.
And, 3rdly, the arrangement of the generating apparatus, while reserving the
right of surrounding the pipes for the passage of the beer and gas, as also the
casks or recipients containing the liquids, and the bracket or point of supply
with some non-conducting material, such as wool, straw, coal, or sawdust,
sand, or other matters.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent; filed
by the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th November 1867..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL. COME, I, ALEXANDER
MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors,. give and grant unto me, the said
Alexander Melville Clark, Her special licence that I, the said. Alexander
Melville Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Alexander Melville Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS OF RAISING LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME,"
a communication to me from abroad by Pierre Léon Margot, junior, of 29,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Vat Maker, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be

page_text: filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of raising fermented and
other liquids by the pressure of carbonic acid gas, which latter becomes com-
pressed in proportion as it is generated.
The improvements are especially applicable for raising beer from the cellar
instead of by the ordinary mode. The carbonic acid gas is produced pure by
the reaction in a wet state of tartaric acid on bicarbonate of soda; in this
manner I am enabled to dispense with washing and purifying apparatus.
The reaction is operated in any suitable chamber or capacity of sufficient
strength, the affinity of the acid for the salt being such that a relatively con-
siderable pressure is produced by the generation of the gas.
The generator may contain ice for cooling the carbonic acid gas, and it is
also enclosed in strips of cloth, coal, or sawdust, or other non-conductor of
heat. The carbonic acid gas produced under pressure in the generator passes
into a condensing reservoir provided with a pressure guage, and is supplied to
the cask by the aid of a cock and safety valve for acting on the beer or other
liquid to be raised and supplied to the counter or other point. For the
purpose of cooling the beer it is usual to enclose the ascending pipe in another;
the space between containing ice or a current of cold water is sometimes
applied; from this arrangement it often results that the beer is kept too cool,
as the temperature at which it should be consumed is about fifty degrees,
above or below which it loses its qualities. To obviate this I propose to
surround the ascending pipe with strips of cloth or felt, and a layer of
pulverized coal, sand, sawdust, or other non-conducting material; in this
manner the beer having a temperature of about fifty degrees in the cellar may
be supplied to the tap at the same temperature.
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, which shows
the apparatus I employ for the purpose.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the apparatus for producing the carbonic
acid gas, and Figure 2 a sectional clevation on a smaller scale of the whole
apparatus showing the connection with the barrel and the ascending pipe; the
same letters of reference serve for the two Figures.
a, generator of the carbonic acid gas, which may be made of any material

page_text: or dimensions, but preferably of spherical form; it is provided with an
opening 6 for the introduction of the tartaric acid, bicarbonate of soda, and
ice, a discharge pipe being also provided at bottom with a cock c. The gas
passes into the condensing reservoir e by a pipe with stop-cock d; f, guage for
indicating the pressure; 9, tap for regulating the supply of the gas; h, safety
valve; i, pipe for conducting the carbonic acid gas under pressure to the
barrels, pipe through which the liquid rises from the barrels to the
counter or other point, said pipe being enclosed, as before mentioned, with a
non-conducting material; 1, the bracket or part carrying the tap is also
similarly provided with non-conducting materials. The parts being arranged
as described, the carbonic acid gas is produced in the generator a, whence it
passes into the condensing reservoir e at the desired pressure created by its
generation, with which chamber the barrel to be discharged of its contents is
placed in communication by the aid of cock g, the required pressure being
regulated according to the height the liquid is to be raised by means of the
safety valve h, and when the pressure diminishes in it is immediately
re-established by opening cock d. To the carbonic acid gas generator a may
also be added a receptacle for containing the powders, which are placed
therein by hand, said receptacle being fixed at the bottom of the generator by
means of screws or bayonet fastening, and communicating therewith by a
cock. When the water from the generator is admitted on to the powders in
the receptacle the acid disengages and passes to the upper pressure reservoir,
where it is stored and supplied to the cask as required. I also employ a vent.
peg of peculiar arrangement for regulating the pressure in the casks so as to
prevent their bursting from excessive pressure; it also serves to cause the
return to the cask of the beer in the pipes when required.
Figure 3 of the Drawings shows a central vertical section of the generator-
with the improvements applied, and Figure 4 a similar section of the vent
peg applied to a cask. m, generator in which the powders are placed by
hand, screwed or otherwise fixed to the water reservoir a. Chamber m is
provided with wire gauze n for preventing the powders rising at the moment of
the production of the gas, and also with a stirrer o operated by a hand wheel
on the outside, as shown. Water is introduced into reservoir a at opening b;
p, cock, which when the generator m is in position is opened to admit water
thereto from reservoir d, the acid at once disengaging. In Figure 4 q is the
vent peg for regulating the pressure, receiving gas from pipe i; it is provided
with two channels, one r for the admission of the gas into the cask, and the
others having a small valve t closed by a spring, the strength of which is
regulated according to the pressure required; u, cask for containing beer or

page_text: other liquid; v, ascending supply pipe. By this arrangement of vent peg,
should the pressure become too great for the cask, the valve t will immediately
open and so diminish the pressure as desired. Further, after the liquid has
been drawn, on opening valve t by hand all that remains in the pipe v will
return to the cask instead of becoming flat, as in the beer engines now
in use.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of perform-
ing the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the improved mode of
raising beer and all kinds of fermentable and other liquids by the pressure of
carbonic acid gas in the manner set forth, and as illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings, the chief features of the Invention being,-
First, the arrangement and combination of parts comprising the apparatus.
Secondly, the application of any suitable arrangement of safety valve h.
Thirdly, the introduction of ice into the generator.
Fourthly, the employment of a chamber m, Figure 3, as and for the purpose
described.
Fifthly, the application of a vent peg 9, provided with a valve, in the manner
and for the purpose described. I also reserve the right of enclosing the
pipes for the supply of the beer and gas, as also the casks or recipients con-
taining the liquids and supply counter with matters non-conductive of heat,
more especially wool, straw,. powdered charcoal, or sand, all in the manner
described.
In witness whercof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of November, in the
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
year
CLADIZ
A. M. CLARK. (L.C.)