Improvements in or Additions to Refuse-consuming Furnaces, Cooking Ranges, Bakers' Oven Furnaces, Domestic Fireplaces, and the like.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Apr., 1896-Accepted, 6th June, 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. .
Improvements in or Additions to Refuse-consuming Furnaces,
Cooking Ranges, Bakers' Oven Furnaces, Domestic Fireplaces,
and the like.
I, CALEB CHRISTMAS, of High Street, Warwick, in the County of Warwick,
Grocer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention has relation to improvements in, or additions to, fire grates of
refuse destroyers or anuihilators, cooking ranges and kitcheners, bakers ovens,
domestic fire-places, coppers, and like furnaces employed both for the destruction
of refuse and the combustion of slack, coal, embers, coke and other fuel for heating
and warming purposes generally.
My said invention consists in the employment of a suspended baffle arch, plate
or equivalent crosswise intersecting a part of the fire grate and with its lower edge
coming within a short distance of the fire bars or bottom of the fire grate. By
employing such a suspended arch, division or wall at the back or other part of the
fire place, the said fire place is divided off into two chambers having access to each
other by the passage or piercing or piercings under the said arch or division or,
suspended wall whereby the combustion of refuse, slack or poor fuel is vigorously
effected and smoke prevented, hence complete combustion is effected, and fuel in
beating furnaces economised.
If necessary, the waste heat may be utilized for heating boilers, for generating
steam, or for heating water generally, or for other purposes.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents a longitudinal vertical
section of a refuse destroyer constructed according to my improvements.
Figure 2 is a transverse vertical section of Figure 1 upon the dotted line x.
a is the charging chamber, having a pierced or unpierced dead plate a¹, at the
mouth entrance as of it, and fire bars as, at the rear part, coming immediately
under a suspended baffle arch b, crossing the fire place and separated from the
flue c, leading to the stack d, by a chamber a', whilst the charging chamber a, is
covered in by an arched roof a2, and an ash pit a, comes below it. The whole of
the brickwork of the structure is stayed together by ties a'.
The baffle arch b, is preferably made of fire-brick blocks or slabs, although the
same may be made of iron or fire clay. When made of iron, it may be made
hollow and water may be made to circulate therethrough in order to keep the same
from burning.
When employing such a baffle arch, the refuse is piled in front of the same
and there fiercely consumed consequent on air being drawn forcibly through the
material to be burnt by the draught pull of the chimney.
Figure 3 represents a vertical section of the fire grate of a copper or boiling
furnace provided with my improvements.
Figure 4 is a part .transverse vertical section of the same on the dotted line ³
Figure 3.
a is the furnace, with fire bars a³, and a pierced or plain dead plate. a!, a
door a', and a baffle plate or arch b, with a communicating space b', thereunder
leading to the secondary chamber a. a is the ash pit and a' is a removable door
within the same; a0 is a flue around the copper d, which.is set within brick work.c,
whilst leading from the said flue is a chimney a".

page_text: Figure 5 represents a vertical section of an ordinary domestic fire place provided
with my improvements.
a is the fire grate, a' the back of the same, and b is a removable and sliding
baffle plate, working in guides 6, at the rear part of the back a', so that when
starting the fire, the baffle plate may be lifted, beyond the range of the back
bars a of the grate, and when the fire is started, then the baffle plate is lowered
by taking hold of the projection 63 and is retained in its lowered position by a
catch or other fastener. The upper part of the back is provided with a damper f,
which when lowered, as represented, allows smoke caught by the cowl g, to be
conducted into the chimney h, but when the damper is closed or pushed up, and
the baffle plate b, is lowered as represented then the whole of the products of
combustion pass downwardly through the back bars a³ of the grate and into the
flue of the chimney h.
'
Figure 6 represents in vertical section, a kitchen range or kitchener provided
with my improvement.
a is the grate, a' the front bars, a2 the fire bars, as the hob, a' a flue for top-
heating the ovens coming upon the two opposite sides of the fire grate, a the
ash-pit, a' an opening plate or door for gaining access to the dirt flue a, and a is
a secondary chamber separate from the fire plate by a transversely directed baffle
plate b, with the lower edge b', coming within a short distance of the bottom
bare and opposite the entrance to the circulating flue c', leading to the flues c², c³, c,
surrounding a water heater c. e is the back of the grate, with a damper e¹,
chimney entrance 2, and adjustable cowl e³, as are found in ordinary grates.
Figure 7 represents my invention as applied to a bakers oven.
a is the fire place, and 6 is a baffle consisting of a depending plate or inverted
bridge with the lower edge coming within a short distance of the fire bars a², of
the grate. a' is a door, a' the flues and i a baking oven.
Instead of employing a metal plate as an inverted baffle bridge, I may employ
a slab or slabs of fire clay in lieu thereof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. In refuse destroyers or annihilators, employing in connection with a fire
grate or a combined fire place and charging chamber, a transversely directed
baffle bridge, plate or its equivalent, substantially as and for the purpose described
and set forth in Figures 1 and 2.
Secondly. The general construction, arrangement and combination of the parts
of the improved furnace for destroying refuse, substantially as described and set
forth.
Thirdly. In coppers and like water and liquid heaters, employing in connection
with the fire grate or furnace of the same, a transversely directed and hanging
baffle plate, inverted bridge, plate or equivalent, substantially as described and set
forth in Figures 3 to 4.
Fourthly. The improvements in the construction and arrangement of the
furnaces of coppers and other liquid beaters, substantially as described and set
forth in Figures 3 and 4.
Fifthly. In domestic fire grates, employing in connection with the same, a
transversely directed inverted bridge or banging plate or equivalent substantially
as and for the purpose described and set forth in Figure 5.
Sixthly. The improvements in the construction and arrangement of domestic fire
places, substantially as described and set forth in Figure 5.
Seventhly. In cooking ranges and kitcheners, the combination with the fire
place or furnace, of a transversely directed baffle plate, inverted arch or
equivalent, substantially as and for the purpose described and set forth in
Figure 6.

page_text: Eighthly. The improvements in the construction and arrangement of cooking
ranges and kitcheners substantially as described and set forth in Figure 6.
Ninthly. In bakers ovens and like heating appliances not referred to in the
preceding claims, the combination with the fire place or furnace of the same, of
a transversely directed baffle plate, inverted arch, bridge or equivalent substantially
as and for the purpose described and set forth in Figure 7.
Tenthly. In bakers ovens and other heating appliances other than those referred
to in Claims One to Eight, the general construction and arrangement and
combination of the parts substantially as and for the purpose herein described and
set forth.
Din Osh dan of Ammil 1006
CALEB CHRISTMAS,
By Henry Skerrett,
24 Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.