matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW PUZZLE GAME, NAMED THE SPANISH QUESTION
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Borde at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st October
1874.
I, JULES BORDE, of Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW PUZZLE GAME, NAMED
THE SPANISH QUESTION,'
"""to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement and combination of a
cord or chain with plates, blocks, or figures of various forms arranged
with holes therein through which the looped ends of the cord or chain
are passed, and then looped over the plates, blocks, or figures in such
manner as to interlock the ends of the cord or chain with the plates,
blocks, or figures, which thus combined require great ingenuity in
separating the parts composing the puzzle from one another. Two or
more of such puzzles may be combined together so as to increase the
complexity of the parts thus combined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH INSULATORS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Sterne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1874.
I, LOUIS STERNE, of 9, Victoria Chambers, in the City of West-
minster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH INSULATORS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct telegraph insulators (of
glass, earthenware, or other like material) in such manner that they will
hold and clamp the telegraph wire without the necessity of employing
a tic wire, or of carrying the telegraph wire completely round the
insulator according to the usual practice.
The Invention consists in moulding or forming the insulators with
two or more (by preference three) lugs or claws at the top or other.
suitable part thereof, under which lugs or claws the telegraph wire
engages.
The lugs or claws are arranged out of a direct line, so that when the
wire is engaged therein it assumes a bent or cranked form at that part,
and is thus securely held and clamped by them.
•
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEQUES AND SIMILAR DOCUMENTS FOR BANKING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Strachan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January
1874.
I, JAMES STRACHAN, of Campfield Lodge, Saint Peter's Park,
Paddington, in the County of Middlesex, Stockbroker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEQUES
AND SIMILAR DOCUMENTS FOR BANKING AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
In negociating cheques and other instruments representing money
a difficulty exists at present in the negociator of the same proving that
he is the person whose signature is required to make the instrument of
value.
My Invention removes this difficulty by providing a means of proof
which will continue so long as such negotiable instruments are in
circulation, and consists in issuing simultaneously with the cheques or
other instruments detached labels of identification which the person
whose signature is required to render such instruments negotiable signs
in the presence of the bankers or parties from whom he receives such

page_text: instruments. These labels are by preference to be adhesive and to bear
a number corresponding with the number on the cheques or other
negotiable instruments with which they are issued and are to be affixed
by the negociator at the time when he signs the cheques or other instru-
ments and puts the same into circulation.
NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OR AGENTS FOR DISINFECTING AND DEODORIZING PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Hart at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April
1874.
I, ERNEST HART, of Queen Anne Street, Marylebone, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OR AGENTS FOR DISINFECTING AND DEODORIZING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
-
The object of my Invention is the production and employment of
certain new or improved means or agents for disinfecting and deodorizing
purposes. For this object I produce and employ a combination of
chloride of calcium and hydrochloric acid, or of a chloride of magnesium
or sodium and hydrochloric acid, or I use a chloride of calcium or of
magnesium (or both) and hydrochloric acid, and I add chloride of sodium
to the compound. Other cheap acids may be used instead of the hydro-
chloric acid.
In carrying out the Invention I sometimes take the waste products of
alkali factories or other factories containing the required ingredients, so
that I utilize these waste products. I usually take 10 parts by weight

page_text: of the hydrochloric acid to 90 parts by weight of the calcium or
magnesium chloride, and when I add chloride of sodium to the
combination, I add twenty per cent. or less of such chloride. I allow
the compound to dry or dry it by artificial means, and I either employ it
in a state of cake, slab, or tablet, or I crush or granulate it or otherwise
reduce it to powder. Or I sometimes form it into a solution by adding
water ad libitum, so as to obtain any desired strength.
I do not restrict myself to the precise proportions of the ingredients
herein mentioned, though I believe them practically advantageous.
The agents obtained as described may be applied (to the fecal or other
impure substance to be deodorized or disinfected) in a state of cake,
powder, or liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Reverend Granville Hamilton
Forbes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 17th September 1874.
I, The Reverend GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES, of Broughton
Rectory, Northamptonshire, Clerk in Holy Orders, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CEMENTS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention is a further developement of the Invention for
which Letters Patent, No. 2374, dated 7th July 1874, were granted to
me.
My said former Invention related to a new or improved method of
manufacturing Portland and other similar cement by the intimate
admixture of coke or coke breeze (or its equivalent) with the cement
making materials before the calcination of the same.
According to my present Invention I apply the same principle to
the manufacture of Roman cement and other cement of a similar kind,

page_text: :-
In carrying my present Invention into practice I proceed as follows:-
I intimately mix the cement making material with coke or coke breeze
(or an equivalent of the same) by grinding the materials together with
water in a mortar mill or other suitable machine. The compound is
afterwards dried and burnt; it is then reduced to powder.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING THE TEETH OF CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Beaumont at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
July 1874.
I, JOSHUA BEAUMONT, of Dark Lane, Ravensthorpe, near Mirfield,
in the County of York, Scribbling Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR
CLEANING THE TEETH OF CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to cleanse the teeth of the card
cylinder or "swift" whilst the machine is in operation. For this
purpose I fix a series of plates upon the "fancy," which plates have
teeth projecting beyond the ordinary card teeth, and are so disposed
upon the said "fancy" as to act upon the whole breadth of the cylinder
or "swift," although at different portions of the revolution of the
"fancy" and "swift."
Iм- PROVED MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR AUDIBLY INDICATING THE REMOVAL FROM THEIR ORDINARY STANDS OF BOTTLES AND VESSELS CONTAINING POISONOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephen Clarke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th March 1874.
I, JOHN STEPHEN CLARKE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVED MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR AUDIBLY INDICATING THE REMOVAL FROM THEIR
ORDINARY STANDS OF BOTTLES AND VESSELS CONTAINING POISONOUS SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to audibly indicate the removal of a
bottle or vessel containing a poisonous substance, in order to prevent
the use of such poisonous substance accidentally, by mistake, or through
inadvertence. .
As means for carrying my Invention into effect I make use of a.
galvanic battery, preferably that known as the Leclanché, and lead
therefrom side by side two insulated conducting wires which pass close
to each poison containing bottle. An electric bell is connected between
the battery and the bottle nearest thereto. To cause the said bell to
sound when a poison containing bottle is removed I make use of a con-

page_text: necting piece which is hold out of its normal circuit completing position
by means of a lever or other mechanism acted upon by the said bottle
when on its stand.
With appliances arranged as above described, when a poison containing
bottle is removed from its stand it ceases to act on the lever or other
mechanism; the connecting piece completes contact, and the bell sounds
until the said bottle is replaced.
Instead of causing a poison containing bottle to complete the circuit
when removed, appliances can be arranged so that the circuit will be
complete, except when a bottle is removed; in the latter case either the
bell must be kept ringing, except during the removal of a poison con-
taining bottle, or the bell must be connected to an extra line of wire in
such manner that when the main circuit is broken, the bell containing
circuit will come into action. This can be effected by means of an
electro-magnet so placed as to retain a connecting piece out of position
when the main circuit is complete.
I prefer that the points of the appliances where contact is made and
broken should be tipped with platinum.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN PARTS OF SWING SEALS FOR ALBERT AND OTHER CHAINS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAĻ SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Wilcox at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
March 1874.
I, MATTHEW WILCOX, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN PARTS OF SWING SEALS FOR ALBERT
AND OTHER CHAINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies principally to the piece of metal which con-
stitutes the bow or loop of the seal. Hitherto these have been cut off by
a saw or a file at the required lengths, and afterwards turned up by
pliers. This is an inconvenient mode of manufacture as the lengths
cannot be cut with any great exactness, and the turning up by pliers to
the required shape causes much trouble and occupies much time.
Now according to my Invention the metal is cut into the required
lengths by a press, and a "force" or pattern of the desired shape and
form is fitted into the press, which coming down upon the metal blank
forces it at once to assume the pattern required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VALVES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1874.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of Cassland Crescent, South Hackney, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VALVES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in making valves of two metal shells and
In
an inner disc, the front shell being made to fit into the bottom one.
the bottom shell is formed a nipple for fixing the valve into a hole in
the cask. The front shell is pierced with a round hole to admit part of
the inner disc; this inner disc is formed with a flange on which rests a
flexible washer. A spring is inserted between the disc and the bottom
shell to force the disc against the front shell after it has been pressed
to admit air into the cask.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th January 1875.-A communication from abroad by George
Crompton, of Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America,
Engineer.
:
I, WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-
Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:
-
This Invention consists,-
Firstly. In a means of multiplying within a given space the maximum
number of harness frames which it has been hitherto possible to use.
For this purpose I arrange the harness frames in tiers, that is to say,
I adjoin to the usual harness frames an additional set of frames divided
each in two halves, of which one is placed above and the other below
the said usual frames in such a manner however that the healds
from these additional harness frames will pass between the usual
harness frames.

page_text: Secondly. In the adaptation of mechanical parts for the purpose of
imparting the requisite motion to the double set of harness frames
arranged in tiers, as above stated, to which effect I prefer using the
mechanism for which I obtained Letters Patent, September 1st 1868,
No. 2704, arranged at one side of the loom for operating the short or
central harness frames, and from which I impart motion to a similar
harness motion adapted at the other end of the loom for operating
simultaneously the additional or auxiliary set of harness frames by
means of a rotating shaft to turn the pattern chain, and a rod with a
to-and-fro motion for operating the jacks; at the same time I place
a clutch on the said shaft, and I make the to-and-fro rod easily con-
nected or disconnected so that at any time the additional harness
motion and auxiliary harness frames can be thrown readily in or out
of gear.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EMBOSSING THIN METAL SHEETS, WITH COPIES OF MANUSCRIPT WRITINGS, ENGRAVINGS, PRINTED MATTER, AND PICTORIAL SUBJECTS BY MEAns of Photography
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Arthur Dillon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1875.
I, THOMAS ARTHUR DILLON, of 19, Lowor Shorard Street, in tho City
of Dublin, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EMBOSSING THIN METAL SHEETS, WITH
COPIES OF MANUSCRIPT WRITINGS, ENGRAVINGS, PRINTED MATTER, AND PICTORIAL
SUBJECTS BY MEAns of Photography,” to be as follows :—
This Invention consists in embossing thin metal sheets with copies
of manuscript writings, of engravings of printed matter, or pictorial
subjects, by means of photography, whereby copies may be taken of
such manuscript, printed, engraved, or pictorial subjects, cither from
the thin metal sheets themselves or from moulds or castings taken from
the embossed surface, back or front, as the case may be
In order to carry out this Invention I propose to photograph the
subject to be copied in the ordinary way, having procured a camera
negative I print a copy of it on prepared gelatine that is prepared with
bichromate of potash or bichromate of ammonia, o such like chemical

page_text: substance as may be best suited for rendering the gelatine surface where
light acts insoluble. I then dry the gelatine surface according to any well
known and convenient plan as used by previous experimenters. When
dry and hard I lay the gelatine tissue or sheet on a hard metallic, even,
clean surface, over it I lay the sheet of thin metal, over the latter I
lay a sheet of lead, and I pass all three sheets through a copperplate or
1olling press, or lithographer's press, when the copy of the gelatine
surface will be found indented both into the brass and lead.
•
Sometimes I use a sheet of prepared paper according to the method
of the Ordnance Survey when adopting photo-zinco-graphic copying.
Having got the transfer on to the stone or zinc I dust fine resin on the
greasy ink, I bite in sufficiently deop with acid to allow the letters or
lincs to stand up in relief. As soon as this is the case I lay thin metal
covered with lead as before, and indent it by similar means. From the
indented metal I can take copies in the way described in my Patent,
No. 1935, A.D. 1874, and I can cast stereotype plates likewise by
covering them with thin paper and a thin coating of stereotype com-
position now well known to stereotypists, such as a preparation of glue
paste and whiting on paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOCKS AND DIES FOR CUTTING SCREWS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Neil at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1875.
I, CHARLES NEIL, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Tool Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOCKS AND DIES FOR CUTTING SCREWS," to be as
follows:-
According to this Invention I form the sides of the body or frame of
the stocks open or slotted through, and this slot is wide enough for the
dies to pass through, and for a bolt and a key which operate against the
dies. The bolt is at one end formed with a projecting nose and screwed
at the other end, a nut fitting thereon. The key is also formed with a
projecting nose, and with an eye through the nose for the bolt to pass
through. The nose on the bolt has a hold on one die, and the nose on
the key has a hold on the other die. By tightening the nut on the bolt
the dies are brought closer together, and by slackening the nut the dies
are allowed to move apart. The dies may be formed with screw-threads
on one side, or on two opposite sides, or on three sides, or on all four

page_text: sides. The dies being moved equally and simúltaneously the stocks are
balanced on the work.
According to a modified arrangement I employ a bolt with a nose and
dispense with the key; the nose on the bolt then presses on onc die, and
the other die remains stationary, abutting against the body of the stock,
the dies in that case being put in from one side.
.
According to another modification I form the nut for the bolt in the
nose of the key, and by turning the bolt one of the dies is moved towards
the other die, which is stationary and retained in its place by a washer
under the head of the bolt.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING, IMPROVING, OR MATURING, SPIRITS, WINES, Malt Liquors, and other Liquids CONTAINING ALCOHOL
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Shand at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
January 1875.
I, GEORGE SHAND, of Stirling, in the County of Stirling, North
Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING, IMPROVING, OR MATURING,
SPIRITS, WINES, Malt Liquors, and other Liquids CONTAINING ALCOHOL,” to be
as follows, that is to say:
This Invention has for its object the treating of spirits, wines, malt
liquors, and other liquids containing alcohol, so as in a simple, con-
venient, and comparatively expeditious manner to improve or mature
them, or in other words, to remove the rawness or objectionable flavors
or odors which such liquids have when new, and which have heretofore
commonly been got rid of by ageing or keeping the liquids for long
periods of time, whereby great expence is incurred for space and vessels
for storage, and for the interest of invested capital.
The Invention consists simply in systematically exposing the liquid to
the maturing and ripening action of sunlight.
The operation is by preference effected in bottles or other suitable
vessels of clear glass; thus, for example, if raw malt whiskey in quart

page_text: 1
bottles of clear glass is fully exposed to strong clear direct sunlight for
about an hour its flavor and odor will be rendered equal to that of the
same whiskey that has been thoroughly aged in the ordinary way.
If the bottles or vessels are of more or less colored or obscured glass
the exposure to sunlight must be made proportionally longer.
The bottles or vessels may be corked or closed during the maturing
operation, so that there need be no loss of strength from evaporation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FULLING OR MILLING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hesling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1875.
I, JOHN HESLING, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FULLING OR MILLING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to certain novel arrangements and combinations
of machinery, whereby I obtain a double acting or compound machine
capable of doing a greater amount of work in a more satisfactory manner,
at the same time occupying much less room than double or compound
machines of ordinary construction, and is as hereafter described.
Within suitable framework I mount a pair of rollers or cylinders
one above the other as in the ordinary single acting machines, the
upper roller being adjustable in the direction of the lower roller. The
confining" spout and "throat are provided for these rollers, and are
fixed and constructed as on the ordinary single acting machines.
"
"
In order to dispense with a double set of rollers and at the same time.
to form a double or compound machine I mount in adjustable bearings

page_text: another roller or cylinder below the lower roller of the herein-before
mentioned rollers and of a similar construction to the upper roller. In
connection with this lower roller or cylinder I provide a "confining
spout," which is so fixed upon brackets attached to the adjustable
bearings that it rises or falls with the lower roller, this rising or falling
being caused by the varied thickness of material.
The "confining spout" is made to rise or fall with the roller in order
that it may be kept close up to it, preventing thereby the material
passing between the spout and the adjustable roller or cylinder. The
"throat" may be fixed in the ordinary manner.
'
The required pressure may be given to the rollers or cylinders by
means of levers and weights or their equivalents..
The material operated upon passes between the top or middle roller or
cylinder, thence through the upper "confining spout" to the bottom of
the machine, it is then conducted by suitable guide roller or rollers
between the middle and lower adjustable roller or cylinder, thence to
the lower "confining spout, '
" from which it drops, and is again con-
ducted over suitable guide rollers between the upper adjustable and
middle roller or cylinder as before, continuing this movement until the
milling or fulling operation is completed. "Knocking off boards" of
the ordinary construction are provided for the purpose of stopping the
machine should the material happen to become knotted or tight in
passing from one roller or cylinder to the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBROIDERING OR ORNAMENTING TEXTILE OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Hutchinson and George Guy Humphries,
:
of Creed Lanc, in the City of London, Manufacturers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBROIDERING OR ORNAMENTING TEXTILE
OR OTHER FABRICS."
Scaled the 6th April 1875, and dated the 3rd February 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Hutchinson
and George Guy Humphries at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 3rd February 1875.
WC, THOMAS HUTCHINSON and GEORGE GUY HUMPHRIES, of Creed
Lane, in the City of London, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBROIDERING OR
ORNAMENTING TEXTILE OR OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
"
This Invention relates to a peculiar mode or method of producing a
looped pile or raised embroidery work on textile fabrics of all kinds,

page_text: leather, and other goods susceptible of ornamentation by embroidery, the
said embroidery being produced from wool, silk, cotton, or other like
fibrous materials.
. According to this Invention it is proposed to produce raised embroidery
or looped pile work in a sewing machine making the chain or tambour
stitch by the aid of a hooked or barbed needle, such needle being so
turned or adjusted when the raised pile is to be produced as to have its
hook or barb directed at an angle of about 120° from the line of stitches:
Hence it results that when the embroidery thread, which is fed into the
throat of the needle whilst on the under side of the fabric, is drawn up
through the work by the ascent of the said needle; the loop so drawn
up will be twisted more or less, according to the angle of adjustment of
the hook. This twist in the loop of embroidery thread, by increasing
the friction of the thread in the fabric, prevents the loop of the previously
made stitch being drawn tight, and consequently leaves such loop
standing up from the surface of the goods. By crowding together a
number of these loops a thick raised pile is produced, which forms an
exceedingly ornamental filling sutable for embroidery designs.
.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Kilvington Hattersley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th April 1875.
I, THOMAS KILVINGTON HATTERSLEY, of Leeds, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to dispense with the slide bars and slide
blocks at present employed on steam engines, thereby greatly reducing
the friction, and is particularly applicable to horizontal engines.
For the above purpose I construct an arrangement or parallel motion
for supporting the end or ends of the piston rod; this motion dispenses
with the use of slide bars and slide blocks as guides, and is as hereafter
described.
To each end or both ends of the piston rod I attach or provide a
coupling or short cross head to which is or are attached one or two arms
having elbow joints, the other end of the arm or arms being attached
to a sliding collar on the piston rod. To the elbow of each arm iş

page_text: attached a radial bar, which radiates from brackets fixed on suitable
framework, in connection by preference with the engine bed. These
being arranged in the manner described, when in motion produce a
simple and strong parallel movement, and thereby act as guides for the
piston rod.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Shanks, of Great Queen Street, in
the County of Middlesex, Carriage Builder, for the Invention of
“IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES."
Scaled the 8th June 1875, and dated the 23rd April 1875.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Frederick Shanks at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 23rd April 1875, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
SHANKS, of Great Queen Street, in the County of Middlesex, Carriage
Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARRIAGES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my
O executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for
the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the truc and
first Inventor thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Shanks, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and scal, fully
describes and ascertains the nature of tho said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following state-
ment, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and to the
lotters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to drags with a perch, but is also applicable to
other four wheeled carriages, and it has for its object chiefly arranging
the locking gear in such a manner as to admit of the foro wheels turning
round a greater distance before coming into contact with the body of
the carriage than can be accomplished by the ordinary arrangements.
In order to effect this object I form on the rear of the bottom bed to
which the axletree is attached or on to the axletree itself a projecting
arm, to the extromity of which I connect the perch by a perch bolt
passing through the two. By thus pivotting the bottom bed to the 1
perch at a sufficient distance to the rear of the former in lieu of to its
centro, as in the ordinary method, a cranked or eccentric action of the
wheels is obtained in locking the fore carriage, whereby the before-
mentioned result is accomplished.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the annexed Drawing which represents a plan of the fore
carriage of a drag with my improvements applied, the black lines indi-
cating the locked position of the bottom bed, axletree, and lower framing,
and the red lines denoting the normal position of those parts. a is the
arm which is formed on the bottom bed 6 carrying the axletree, or on
the axletree itself, and to the extremity of which there is attached the
perche by the perch bolt a passing through both the perch c and the
arm a. It will be seen by reference to the Drawing that the wheel e is
enabled to perform a greater traverse before coming into contact with
the side of the carriage than is practicable by the ordinary method of
pivotting the bottom bed to the perch directly over the centre of the
axletree.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY PLUG OR STOPPER FOR FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Pascal Chataigneau at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th June 1875.
I, PIERRE PASCAL CHATAIGNEAU, of Boulevard Saint Denis, No. 1,
at Paris, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY PLUG OR STOPPER FOR FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
-
This Invention relates to plugs or stoppers placed in the ends of the
barrels of fire-arms when not in use in order to prevent the entrance of
dust and moisture. These plugs or stoppers have hitherto been plain
corks or other stoppers, so made that they hermetically seal the barrels,
and therefore if by neglect they have not been removed before the arms
are fired there is frequent bursting of the barrels. To prevent these
accidents I employ a plug or stopper having in it passages or openings
leading from the interior of the barrel to the atmosphere; and therefore
when the piece is fired with the stopper in it the air in the barrel escapes
to the atmosphere, thereby preventing the compression which usually

page_text: ་
bursts the barrel. To this improved plug I attach when required a
brush, sponge, or other cleaner for enabling the barrel to be easily
cleaned; and in fire-arms used in the army or by sportsmen I also when
desired form the escape passages of the plugs so that they can act as
whistles.
G
uppe conibace your pu
Refere
To
toni bos by ol
nici
coift
!
gond azadl! >.n
eloned et l
31
:
3
">
fo
ཁ་བ་པ་བྱང་བ་་་འཅིང་མིjce36617 T9};
Q
A do!
".
info
my choked it
AN IMPROVED MACHINE AND PROCESS FOR COMPRESSING AND REDUCING STEEL INGOTS, IRON PILES, AND THE LIKE.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MACHINE AND PROCESS FOR COMPRESSING
AND REDUCING STEEL INGOTS, IRON PILES, AND THE LIKE.
" -A communi-
cation from abroad by George Whitfield Billings, of Cleveland,
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 16th September 1875, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.

page_text: so on through the boxes of diminishing size until it has been reduced
to the required size. The boxes f and f¹ and the boxes f" and f³ arc
smooth, the opposing rolls being for these spaces without cogs; these
smooth spaces are provided for smoothing the ingots or billets, and
for removing the surface corrugations caused by the pressure of the
cogs:
53
The cogs are constructed in gear form, and so that in depth the
face or width of each cog is about 10% of their pitch, thus giving
to the face of cach cog more than one half of the space between
the cogs.
'
A 12" x 12" ingot or pile intended to be compressed is first passed
through the box e, 11" × 12", then back through the box e', 10″ × 12″,
then turned on edge and passed through the box e², 11" x 10", then
back through the box e³, 10" × 10", and through the box e, and
so on until it has been compressed to the required size, when it is
smoothed on the surface by being passed through the smooth boxes
fand f¹, or f and ƒ³.
I prefer to run the rolls twenty inches per second, but this speed may
be varied as required.
The action of the cogs is to force the metal from the top and bottom
of the ingot to the middle of the ingot, and the pressure being great
causes the silicon to flow into the cracks, seams, and porous places, and
when the ingot or billet leaves the machine it is thoroughly worked, and
is solid and freed from foreign matters.
The rolls above described are adapted to the working of ingots and
billets of all the usual sizes; but the rolls may be varied in size; observing
the proportions stated.
For ingots or billets less than six inches square in the cross section
rolls of eighteen or twenty inches diameter are large enough, and
cogs arranged from one and one-quarter to one and three-fourth inches
pitch will answer the purpose.
For compressing and reducing plates and sheets I make use of the
two high rolls represented in Figures 4 and 5; these rolls are cogged

page_text: gations on the compressed ingot by passing it through the smooth
boxes of the rolls, as above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Sixteenth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
Witness,
JA'. EDWARDS,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
WM. ROBT. LAKE. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING NUTS ON BOLTS AND STUDS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Stewart, of No. 16, Windsor Terrace,
Cassland Road, South Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING NUTS ON
BOLTS AND STUDS."
Sealed the 27th June 1876, and dated the 30th December 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Stewart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th December 1875.
I, JOSEPH STEWART, of No. 16, Windsor Terrace, Cassland Road,
South Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING
NUTS ON BOLTS AND STUDS," to be as follows:―

page_text: I. My Invention consists, firstly, in drilling a small hole in the end of
a bolt or stud and tapping or screwing the same, and cutting the end of
the bolt across and for a short way up lengthwise of the bolt in one, two,
or more cuts, nicks, or slits.
II. My Invention consists, secondly, in the construction and use of a t
pin tapered and screwed into the hole at the end of the bolt or stud, and
as this pin is tightened up it will expand or open the end of the bolt or
stud, thus jamming the nut and preventing its moving or coming off.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING THE HUMAN VOICE FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicolas Diaz Benjumea at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th August 1875.
I, NICOLAS DIAZ BENJUMEA, of Saint John's Wood, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING THE HUMAN VOICE FROM
ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of simple and efficient means and apparatus
for transmitting the human voice from one party to another.
The following is an example of my said Invention:-I take two short
tubes of wood, metal, or other material, and to one end of these tubes I
stretch a piece of parchment, and through a hole made in the centre of
the said parchment I pass a piece of waxed string or other suitable
material being a conductor of sound; the said string is fastened to the
parchment or sounding board aforesaid.
If desirable a number of strings may be connected to or cross the
main etning co no to communionta with a number of wircons at ang

page_text: In order to communicate by means of the above apparatus it is simply
necessary for a person to place the end of one of the tubes aforesaid to
his car, and for the other person to speak through the other tube.
By the above apparatus and means communications may be made at
a distance of 1000 yards, and it will be found to be a very good accoustic
telegraph, well adapted for domestic purposes, and also as a toy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR COVERING METALS FOR PREVENTING THEIR OXIDATION OR CORROSION
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th October 1875.-A communication from abroad by Edouard
Victor Delarouzée, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR COVERING METALS FOR
PREVENTING THEIR OXIDATION OR CORROSION," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in protecting metals, and more
particularly iron and zinc from oxidation and corrosion.
Iron is frequently coated with another metal, such as zinc, tin, or
lead, and respectively known as galvanized iron, tin plate, and terne
plato; but these protecting metals have hitherto only been employed
singly and are found to afford but imperfect protection, and the object
of the present Invention is to preserve in a more perfect manner both
iron and zinc from oxidation and corrosion by the application of
coatings varying both in number and nature according to the purpose

page_text: to which the metals so coated are to be applied, and the influences to
which they may be exposed.
The iron or zinc is coated in the ordinary manner, either by immersion
in baths of molten metal or by electro-deposition. To galvanized iron
or articles made of galvanized iron, used for containing alimentary
products or for culinary and other like purposes I apply a second
coating of pure tin. Thus protected the iron will serve for the same
purposes as ordinary tin plate for which it may be substituted with
advantage, the presence of the zinc ensuring its perfect protection
against rust.
To protect galvanized iron against the action of acids, alkaline salts,
sulphurous gases, and corrosive substances generally, I apply a second
coating composed of lead, this coating which would vary in thickness
according to circumstances imparts to the iron its property of resisting
the action of corrosive substances.
Zinc, which is capable of resisting ordinary atmospheric influences,
but rapidly deteriorates in contact with corrosive substances or
emanations therefrom, may be protected from corrosion by coating the
same with lead.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL PUDDLERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Stoker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th March 1875.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM STOKER, of the Moor Iron Works, Stockton-
on-Tees, in the County of Durham, do hereby declare tho nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL PUDDLERS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the combination of certain mechanical
arrangements hercin-after described for the better effecting by the
process of puddling the conversion of cast into malleable iron.
Above any double puddling furnace I mount two main girders securely
fastened together by a strong cross girder or plate forming the foundation
of the machine. In the centre of this plate a hole of suitable diameter is
provided to receive the vertical axis of the vibrating table, to which the
iron frame for carrying the upper ends of the suspension rods that drive
the rabbles are attached. At one end of the strong cross girder or plate,
and at a sufficient distance from the centre of it to allow the full motion
of the vibrating table and its frame, suitable provision is made for a

page_text: double bracket carrying the horizontal main shaft of the machine. To
the outer end of this shaft is attached a chain, sheave, or gearing, for
driving the whole apparatus, and upon the inner end is keyed a crank
so arranged that the crank pin rotates in a vertical plane immediately over
the axis of the table. Round this crank pin a universal joint is formed
by means of a cross head or gudgeon, in the centre of which the pin
works, while the ends of the gudgeon are embraced by a ring of sufficient
size to clear the crank at any point of its rotation, and to the opposite
sides of which are attached, by suitable connections, the connecting rods
which communicate a vibrating motion to the suspension rods which
drive the rabbles in and out of the furnace.
The slow horizontal vibration of the table to which the wrought-iron
frames carrying the upper ends of the suspension rods are attached, is
obtained by means of a worm keyed on to the main shaft between the
bearings of the double bracket, which has also provision for carrying the
upper end of a small vertical shaft, on which is keyed a worm wheel in
which the said worm works. At the bottom end of this shaft is keyed a
small crank and pin, which is caused to rotate very slowly by the worm
gearing.
Upon the lower end of the vertical axis of the vibrating table, which
passes through the hole provided for it in the cross girder, is keyed a
lever having holes in it at different distances from the centre of the
table. In any one of these holes is bolted a pin which is connected by a
connecting rod to the pin of the before-mentioned small crank, which
thus by its rotation communicates a slow horizontal vibration to the
table on which the frames carrying the suspension rods are attached,
the rabbles being thus caused to vibrate in the furnace at different and
constantly changing angles, which may be regulated at will by shifting
the pin bolted in the lever nearer to or further from the centre of the
table.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HANDLES FOR BRUSHES USED FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Kenneth Thomas Sutherland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th December 1875.
I, KENNETH THOMAS SUTHERLAND, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HANDLES FOR BRUSHES USED FOR
DOMESTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable principally to long handled brushes to be
used for washing and cleaning windows, or railway, or other carriages,
or for other purposes where water is used with the brush; and consists
principally in making the handle attached to the brush hollow, and
having a second solid handle or piston capable of sliding or moving
therein so as to form as it were a spring for sucking up and ejecting"
water.
The brush may also be employed for ordinary sweeping purposes, and
the handle for watering or syringing. The hollow handle is to be of the
ordinary length of a brush handle, the lower end being screwed through

page_text: JEJ
the head of the brush and terminating in a rose or perforated plate, over
which a lid or cover may be screwed when the water is not required to
be used. The other end of the hollow handle is open and fits closely to
the inner or solid handle, which passes into it and acts as the piston of a
syringe for drawing up the water through the perforated end of the hollow
handle, and for forcibly ejecting the, same through the said perforations.
The inner or solid handle is furnished at one or more places with a
screwed band fitting into a screw or worm at the end of the hollow
handle, so that the two (when not required to be used as a syringe) can
be screwed together firmly so as to elongate the brush handle for
brushing and cleaning rooms, and for other purposes.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR UTILIZING THE PRESSURE OF WATER, AIR, GAS, OR OTHER FLUID, AS MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Creasy and
William Tully at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 6th May 1875.
We, JOHN THOMAS CREASY, of High Street, Lambeth, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer, and WILLIAM TULLY, of Clayhall Road, North Bow,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR UTILIZING
THE PRESSURE OF WATER, AIR, GAS, OR OTHER FLUID, AS MOTIVE POWER," to be
as follows:→
Our Invention relates to a novel and simple apparatus or machine for
obtaining motive power from the pressure of water, air, gas, or other
fluid, and consists in the combination of force pumps and a ram or rams
for obtaining the pressure of the fluid, and a toothed wheel or wheels
whereby this pressure is utilized as motive power.
In practising our said Invention we proceed as follows:-When water
is used we employ a suitable force pump or two or more of such pumps,
which are connected with a cistern or reservoir containing the water,
these pumps force the water into the ram cylinders. We prefer to use two

page_text: of these rams in one apparatus or machine, but any other convenient
number may be employed. The latter may be arranged either hori-
zontally or vertically, and may be of any required length and diameter.
At the outer end or top of the ram we place a metal or india-rubber
spring or a weighted lever, which tends to force the ram back into the
cylinder.
In combination with these rams we arrange the aforesaid toothed
wheels. We prefer to have two of these, wheels enclosed in a suitable
case or box and geared together. The said wheels may be of any
diameter and width according to the required power of the machine.
They are mounted on. shafts which are supported in suitable bearings.
One end of one or both of these shafts is extended through the casing to
carry a fly wheel or driving pulleys or wheels.
The liquid is admitted to the teeth of the wheels at the point where
they intersect each other, and its pressure acting upon and between the
teeth causes the said wheels to rotate.
If the apparatus or machine is to be reversed, we provide two valves,
one above and one below the centre line, or one on one side and one on
the other side of the centre line, drawn from one shaft to the other. And
by admitting the water by one or other of these valves, the wheels will
be driven in either direction as desired. The water used is continually
returned to the cistern or reservoir so that only a small quantity of the
same will be required.
For using air as the actuating fluid of our apparatus, the construcțion
will be substantially the same as above described, except that the water
reservoir will not be required; and when gas is used a suitable gas holder
must be provided.