matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IM- PROVEMENTS IN GALVANIZING METALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Albert Bahn at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1857.
I, LOUIS ALBERT BAIN, of Greek Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN GALVANIZING METALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved system or mode of galvanizing
metals, whereby the great loss at present arising by the formation of "dross,"
is to a very great extent prevented.
In carrying out this Invention, after the metal to be galvanized has been
passed through the ordinary acid baths, and been dried, it is immersed in the
ordinary spelter bath, which is kept in a state of gentle agitation by any con-
venient mechanical arrangement. In place of using salammoniac on the top
of the bath, as at present employed in the galvanizing process, I employ
resinous and fatty matter, either combined or separate, to cover the surface of
the bath for the purpose of preventing oxidation. By this means I am
enabled to prevent the formation of dross or muriate, and ammoniac of zinc,
which is generally precipitated to the bottom of the bath in the ordinary
modes of conducting the galvanizing process. In some cases I purpose to

page_text: introduce the articles to be galvanized into the spelter bath from the sides or
bottom, in place of immersing them from the surface, whereby I protect the
spelter from the action of the air, the bath being also closed by a lid or cover
which is luted so as to be perfectly air-tight.
air-tight. For the facility of introducing
wire or bars of metal into the bath from the sides or bottom, I employ
suitable stop-cocks fitted with funnel mouths. On opening the cock the bar
to be galvanized is pushed through it, and the small quantity of moulten metal
which escapes into the funnel mouth is partially cooled by the application of a
wet rag or sponge, or other cooling agent to the sides of the funnel mouth, so
as to keep the metal in a semi-fluid state, whereby the metal itself forms the
barrier against any further escape from the bath.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING IRON
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis A. Normandy, jun', at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
March 1857. A communication from Leopold D'Aubréville, of No. 36,
Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, LOUIS A. NORMANDY, jun', of 67, Judd St., Brunswick Square, London,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING IRON," being a communication
from Leopold D'Aubréville, of No. 36, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Civil Engineer, to be as follows:-
By this improved process inalleable iron may be produced directly from fluid
crude iron by running it into a common puddling furnace, on the middle of
the vault of which there is a round aperture about one foot in diameter. A cast-
iron plate is laid over the top of this furnace, supported by the frame outside;
there is a round hole in this plate corresponding to that of the vault, and
a cylindrical chimney or pipe built of fire bricks, surrounded by a cylindrical
cast-iron casing, is errected upon this plate; six hollow cast-iron vertical
columns are placed round the said cylinder, and at a little distance from it;
they are about 3 feet high, as is also the central chimney or pipe. A circular
pipe rests on the top of these hollow columns, and communicates with them.
The blast passes through the circular pipe, and entering the columns rushes
out through small tuyers into the central chimney or pipe. Each column has
5 or 6 tuyers, which are provided with valves or cocks so as to regulate

page_text: the blast. The nozzle of the tuyers are flattened and widened, so as to have
an outlet of about of an inch high by 3 inches wide. The tuyers of opposite
columns are not placed at the same height, so that the blast of the tuyers may
not interfere with each other. The puddling furnace being previously heated,
the blast is directed into the central chimney by opening either all or part of
the cocks or valves of the tuyers. Crude iron in a molten or fluid state
is then run from the blast furnace, and conveyed near the top of the central
chimney, where it is poured in in small streams; whilst falling down it is
permeated on all sides by the blast, and purified by the action of the air.
When enough molten crude iron has been poured in for making a "bloom
the blast is stopped; the chimney is then covered by a lid, and the puddler
gathers the iron on the bed of the puddling furnace to form a "bloom" to be
squeezed and forged in the usual way.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE PANS OR VESSELS, AND THE FURNACES AND FLUES TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSES OF SOAP BOLLING, TALLOW MELTING, BONE BOILING, DREG BOILING, AND OTHER SIMILAR OFFENSIVE PROCESSES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Sykes and Matthew
William Crawford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th June 1857.
We, EDWARD SYKES, of Glossop, in the County of Derby, Tallow Chandler,
and MATTHEW WILLIAM CRAWFORD, of the same Place, Tallow Chandler, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE PANS OR VESSELS, AND THE FURNACES
AND FLUES TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSES OF SOAP BOLLING, TALLOW MELTING,
BONE BOILING, DREG BOILING, AND OTHER SIMILAR OFFENSIVE PROCESSES," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements are designed for the purpose of destroying and carrying
off the offensive vapours or exhalations arising during the processes of boiling
soap, bones, tallow, dregs, &c., and for so conducting or conveying away the
said effluvia, that the gaseous or unconsumed combustible portions thereof may
be usefully employed in economising fuel.
The Invention consists in the novel arrangement and construction of the
pans, flues, furnaces, and ash-pits employed, which are contrived in such a
manner, that, as the vapours or effluvia arise in the covered boiling pan or
vessel, they are conveyed by means of flues or pipes, extending from above the

page_text: level of the liquid, through the bottom of the pan into closed ash-pits beneath
the furnaces, and are thence passed into the fire and consumed, and, being con-
ducted along the heating flues around the pan, are conveyed away with the
smoke to the common chimney. The pan or vessel is provided with an
aperture or air pipe placed in the cover of the vessel, by which air is supplied
to the fire to support combustion, which may also be stirred or mixed through
the said aperture. By this arrangement of apparatus, it will be evident that,
whatever offensive or noxious vapour may arise during the process of boiling
&c., it will, by passing through the fire, be greatly diminished, or totally
destroyed, and the combustible matter contained therein will be serviceable
as fuel.
AN IMPROVE- MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC CORNICE ENDS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Billing at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1857.
I, MARTIN BILLING, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC CORNICE ENDS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that kind of cornice ends .commonly called "drop
ends," the said "drop ends" consisting of parts connected together so as more
or less to resemble fruits, leaves, and flowers. In the ordinary manufacture
of the said drop ends, the parts of which the same are composed are generally
formed by stamping, and connected by pieces of tubing soldered thereto, the
said parts usually consisting of leaves, fruits, or flowers, and the connecting
tubes representing the stems or stalks of the said leaves, fruits, or flowers.
My Invention consists in manufacturing the said "drop ends" by stamping
or raising the same by dies out of sheet metal. The whole design of the
said drop ends being made in one piece, two sets of dies are required, one
for the right-hand end of the cornice and the other for the left-hand end.
By my Invention the said drop ends are made more economically than by
the ordinary method, and are not so liable to fracture as those having soldered
junctions.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Lupton, Robert Jackson,
Daniel Dean, and John Holden at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th August 1857.
We, BENJAMIN LUPTON, ROBERT JACKSON, DANIEL DEAN, and JOHN
HOLDEN, all of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machinists, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to that part of power looms known as the "taking-up
motion," and is designed for the purpose of dispensing with the "change
wheels at present employed, when a greater or less quantity of cloth is
required to be "taken up ;" and also for regulating the taking up according
to the increasing diameter of the "cloth beam," and thereby effecting a more
even and perfect beam of cloth when wound.
The action of the apparatus will be understood upon reference to the
Drawing accompanying this description. The apparatus is situated on that
part of the loom usually occupied by the "taking-up motion;" a being a
friction wheel; and b, a joint having a frictional surface acting upon the
periphery of the wheel a. Motion is imparted from the slay sword z
by means of the piu y, working in the slotted lever c, which gives motion
to the connecting rod d, and thus forces the frictional surface against the
wheel a, and by such friction causes the wheel to partake of an intermittent

page_text: motion after the manner of the ratchet wheel usually employed; the wheel
being retained from slipping when the frictional surface is not against it
by the brake e from the wheel a. Motion is imparted to the cloth roller x
through the ordinary train of gearing; but when more or less cloth is required
to be taken up, instead of employing a "change wheel," the throw or move-
ment of the wheel a is governed or regulated by the particular situation of the
pin y in the slot of the lever c. As the diameter of the cloth beam increases,
a lever w, secured at one end upon the rod f, the other end of the said rod
having a lever v bearing against the surface of the cloth roller, and thereby
becoming raised, gradually turns the rod f, and by the arrangement of the
lever wand rod g, moves the connecting rod joint in the slot of the arm b¹,
and thus shortens the throw of the connecting rod, and consequently the
motion of the friction wheel is diminished. When the loom is stopped this
taking-up motion is thrown out of gear or contact by means of the lever or
the rod h, which forces the lever i against the joint and frictional surface b,
and thus releases or disengages the said surface from the wheel.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armitage and Henry Lea
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 9th April 1857.
We, WILLIAM ARMITAGE, of the Farnley Iron Works, and HENRY LEA, both
of Farnley, near Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
IRON," to be as follows:-
It is a well-known practice in the manufacture of iron, in order to assist the
refining thereof, to submit the iron when in a heated state to the action of a
hammer upon an anvil. Now the object and intention of this Invention is to
improve the effect of this operation by bringing a current of air mixed with
steam into contact with the metal during the action of the hammer thereon,
whereby the quality of the iron is much improved, and the wear and tear of
the hammer and anvil or other tools employed are very much lessened.
IMPROVED MEANS OF FLOATING SUBMERGED BODIES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de Fon-
tainemoreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 2nd June 1857.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINEMOREAU, of London, Paris, and
Brussels, Patent Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention of
"IMPROVED MEANS OF FLOATING SUBMERGED BODIES," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
The Invention communicated to me relates to the raising of submerged
bodies by means of bodies lighter than that in which the bodies are submerged,
and consists in attaching to the bodies to be raised a sufficient number of
linen bags impervious to air and water.
After attaching the bags by suitable means to the object to be raised, I fill
them with air or gas, or with other suitable substances. By calculating the
supposed weight of the body to be raised, and also the lightness and volume of
the gas or other fluid to be employed, it is easy to ascertain the quantity of
fluid required.
To carry out these operations, I employ the diving bell, and other suitable
and known apparatus.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING METALS OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
February 1857.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING METALS
OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
In rotary shears as heretofore constructed, there are two defects, which
operate against their perfect action: first, the beam over the stationary shear
blade is in the way when cutting large sheets of metal, and the sheets
cannot be conveniently turned or handled on this account; second, thero
has been no way of regulating the amount of draw and traversing motion
of the rotary blade or shear, and the consequence is that much power is.
expended in producing no advantageous result; for it is obvious that the
amount of draw given to the rotating cutter should vary with the thickness
of the sheet to be cut, or that for thick plates the rotating shear should
have less motion on its axis, in proportion to its travelling motion along
the table, than with thin sheets.
The object of the present improvements is to obviate these defects, and this
is effected by dispensing with the top beam, and in place thereof the carriage
on which the movable blade is mounted is supported entirely on the lower

page_text: frame that contains the stationary blades. The carriage with the moveable
or rotary shear blade. is actuated by toothed gearing in such a manner that
the relative velocities of the "parts" can be changed or modified so as to
produce the amount of drawing out requisite for the machine to work to the
best advantage.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SECURING AND LIBERATING THE CORKS OR STOPPERS OF BOTTLES AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE NECKS OF BOTTLES FOR FACILITATING THE SECURING AND LIBERATING OF CORKS AND STOPPERS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hinks and James Syson
Nibbs at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 23rd June 1857.
We, JAMES HINKS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and JAMES SYSON NIBBS, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SECURING AND LIBERATING THE CORKS OR STOPPERS OF BOTTLES AND
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE NECKS OF BOTTLES FOR FACILITATING THE SECURING
AND LIBERATING OF CORKS AND STOPPERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in the following method of securing corks in
bottles and facilitating the liberation of the same:-We fix a band or ring of
metal upon the neck of the bottle below the expansion constituting the mouth.
On opposite points of the said ring are loops or hooks, through or underneath
which a wire or wires are passed, and which wire or wires being passed over
the cork and twisted or otherwise tightened, secure the cork in the bottle.
The twisting of the wire may either be effected before or after it has been passed
over the cork.
Our Invention consists, secondly, of constructing the necks of bottles in
the following manner:-Upon the said necks we make at opposite points
loops or hooks, the said loops or hooks being made of the glass or other
material of which the bottle is made. The said loops or hooks serve for the

page_text: holding of the wire with which the cork is secured, the said loops or hooks
being used in the manner described with reference to the metal loops or hooks
first described.
Our Invention is especially applicable to the securing of corks in bottles
containing soda water and other liquids impregnated with gases.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF PAPER, AND IN UTILISING CERTAIN REFUSE THEREFROM
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cowley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th March
1857.
I, JOHN COWLEY, of Quenington Paper Mills, Gloucestershire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF PAPER, AND IN UTILISING CERTAIN REFUSE THEREFROM," to be as
follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in using in combination with straw
(as described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me, bearing
date 17 July 1856,) mangold wurtzel and beetroot, which when mixed with
the pulp of straw in the proportions of about th will improve the paper, and
be a cheap substitute for other more expensive materials, and I render this
paper waterproof by the application, before drying, of certain chemicals.
The second part of my Invention consists of an improved method of
dessicating or drying paper during the process of making, by the application of
currents of heated air fanned or forced on to its surfaces in lieu of the ordinary
method of drying on cylinders, which renders the paper hard, brittle, and non-
absorbent.
Thirdly, my Invention consists of preserving the refuse silica extracted from
the straw and of converting it into a valuable manure by mixing it with the
alkaline waste and burnt soil or other similar matters.
Fourthly, my Invention consists of the application to and combination with

page_text: my aforesaid processes of a new means of conveying and diffusing heat to the
straw or other material, and of regulating & maintaining the necessary
degree of temperature during the processes of pulping, bleaching, and
making.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STOCKS OR TIES FOR THE NECK
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephen Jarvis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April
1857.
I, JOHN STEPHEN JARVIS, one of the Managers for Dent, Allcroft, and Com-
pany, of Wood Street, in the City of London, Warehousemen, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF STOCKS OR TIES FOR THE NECK," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in attaching or sewing two side pieces or bands at
an angle to the bow ornament or fastening which appears in front when the
tio is in wear. The free end of one side piece is furnished with a button,
buckle, or other fastener, while the free end of the other side piece carries a
tongue, loop, or other means of fastening corresponding with that on the first-
named end (whereby to fasten the tie at the back of the neck). By fastening
these side pieces at an angle to the front central ornament the tie becomes
suited to the shape of the neck, is consequently comfortable in wear, and has
the same appearance as a once round cravat tied by the wearer after being
placed round the neck.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rutter and James Banister
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 12th June 1857.
We, THOMAS RUTTER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and JAMES BANISTER, of Birmingham aforesaid, Tube Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in making the rods of umbrellas and
parasols, as well as the runners sliding thereon, of an octagonal or other
angular figure instead of a cylindrical figure, as is usual. By making the
rods and runners of the form described, the runner cannot turn upon the rod,
and the strain upon the joints, consequent upon the ordinary method of
construction, is avoided. Although we prefer to make the rod and runner
of an octagonal figure, yet any figure, which will prevent the turning or
rotation of the runner upon the rod, may be employed with the same or nearly
the same effect.
Our Invention consists, secondly, in a method of attaching solid ends to
umbrella and parasol rods when the said rods are, made hollow and of metal.
The said ends are usually attached by inserting them partly into the ends
of the rods, and fixing them by a pin or rivet passed through them trans-

page_text: versely. This part of our Invention consists in attaching the said ends by
brazing or soldering instead of by rivetting. By our method of attachment
the ends are more firmly secured than by the ordinary method, and are not
liable to be accidentally detached. The projection of the end to a consider-
able distance inside the tube gives great strength to that part of the tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
etters Leno was ou given
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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Murphy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th November
1857.
I, JAMES MURPHY, of Newport, in the County of Monmouth, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
I propose to make a "fish plate" by first taking a flat iron plate of from
two to three feet in length, by about ten inches wide, on the centre of which
the ends of two rails of a railway will rest longitudinally, and having rolled
out or cast a pair of plates in such wise that one may be placed on each side
of the rail covering the plate first mentioned, and running up the rail till they
arrive under the top thereof, and fitting exactly the form or shape of the rail
and serving to support the same, the joint of the rails being in the centre of
the plate first mentioned, and now supported by the plates, the whole combi-
nation is to be secured or fastened together; this I propose to effect by
passing several screw bolts through the lower and one of the upper plates, and
securing the same by nuts to allow the removal of the rail when required; the
plate on the other side will be rivetted only. To secure the upper portions
of the supporting plates with the rail, I shall pass from four to six (or even
more if required) screw bolts through both the plates and the rails (on each

page_text: side of the joint of the rails), and secure them with nuts or in any other
convenient and safe manner. I also propose to place (where it is considered
desirable to provide against the jar of metal against metal) thin strips of wood
between the plates and sides of rails, the bolts passing through both metal
and wood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS OR WAYS UNDER WATER
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Folson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th June
1857.
I, ARTHUR FOLSON, of Boston, in the United States of America, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS OR WAYS UNDER WATER," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate, first, to a method or system of forming such ways
by tubes of cast iron.
The tubes are formed in lengths of such substance as will, by the weight
thereby given to them, cause a sinking into the bed of the river or other water,
and these tubes are combined side by side, so as to form two or more parellel
ways, whilst lengthwise they are combined so as to break joint one with the
other. The connecting ends of the several lengths are formed to receive india
rubber or other waterproof packing, and there are springs or such like clasps
to enable one part to take hold of the other under water, and form a tight
connection till other more permanent connecting means are supplied. The
connections of the parts are partially formed at the surface of the water, or
before submersion, and completed as submersion is effected, by the form of the
junction ends.
Each length of way, when sunk into the water, has its ends temporarily
closed, but so that the removal of these temporary parts may be readily
effected at the union of two parts when such union is complete. I also form

page_text: the ends of the tubes dovetailed or otherwise to fit one into another. I also
employ fluid metal to flow whilst hot into grooves or recesses in the grooves
between the adjoining tubes, as also in grooves or recesses at the junction of
the continuous tubes; bands and keys are also employed to tie the tubes
together.
The improvements also relate to forming such tubes double, that is one
within the other, the external tube being of wrought iron, the other of cast
iron, and in filling the space between with water to serve as ballast.
Mooring means may be applied if required, and when used they are
formed to take hold of the tubes or tunnels, and retain them in position..
Elastic connections, and also inner tubes with slotted holes for the connecting
screws or pins to move somewhat freely, are applied at the joints to admit of
expansion and contraction.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SADDLE TREES
Year: 1857

page_text: Inis invention received Frovisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.):
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rand and George Beckley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 23rd October 1857.
We, THOMAS RAND and GEORGE BECKLEY, of Oxford Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Saddlers, and Copartners, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SADDLE TREES," to be as follows:-
This Invention refers principally to saddle trees for military saddles, which
have heretofore been made wholly or for the most part of wood; our improve-
ment consists in making them of leather, wood, and metal combined.
We
make the two longitudinal side pieces of thick sole leather, strengthened on
the upper side by a flat strip of steel reaching from end to end. The fore
part of the saddle tree is composed of an arch of iron or steel secured to the
longitudinal side pieces, as is also the cantle or back of the saddle, but this is
made of wood as usual, and is the only part in which the use of wood is
retained. The covering flaps and panels of the saddle are mounted on the
saddle tree in the usual manner. The advantage resulting from this improved
construction of saddle tree, consist in the elasticity and even bearing given to
the saddle, which prevents the galling of the horse, now so often complained
of, and also in affording a small amount of expansibility, by which the saddle
becomes self-adjusting and adapts itself to horses of different sizes.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PREPARING LIQUOR FOR TANNING HIDES AND SKINS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aimé Bourgeois at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th October
1857. Partly a communication.
I, AIME BOURGEOIS, of 457, New Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
PREPARING LIQUOR FOR TANNING HIDES AND SKINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of subjecting bark and other matters used for
obtaining tanning liquor to a process of distillation. For this purpose the
bark (or other matter from which the tannin properties are to be extracted)
is placed with water in a still, and a portion thereof distilled over, which will
not be found to contain gallic acid or tannin properties. The fluid and spent
matter remaining in the still are to be withdrawn from the still and the
liquid allowed to cool, when it will be fit for use, and it is employed mixed with
tanning liquor prepared in the ordinary manner. The spent bark or material
employed is used as fuel for heating the still and also for drying-leather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE PRESSURE AND FLOW OF GAS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Farrar at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1857.
I, JAMES FARRAR, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
REGULATING THE PRESSURE AND FLOW OF GAS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus for regulating the flow and pressure of
gas through pipes or other chambers, so as to maintain an uniform pressure
or supply to the burners, and consists in the adaptation of a valve to the inlet
or outlet pipe or chamber, which is perfectly free in its motion, and not liable
to stick or become fast to its seat. To accomplish this object the valve is
formed with a dish or tube having conical or V-shaped openings at its lower
edge or end, which dip into mercury or other fluid contained in a chamber
formed around the end of the inlet or outlet pipe or chamber, so that the valve
in its motion will, by means of the conical or V-shaped openings, shut off or
regulate the pressure and flow of the gas when actuated by a lever or other
means in connexion with apparatus partaking of the back pressure of the gas
not required to be consumed at the burners. I also use a float for com-
municating the said back pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNIVES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given
by the Act.)
preserwea
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Reeves at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th August
1857.
I, CHARLES REEVES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNIVES," to be as follows:-
In making the blade, bolster, and tang, I take a piece of steel of a width
and thickness equal to the width and thickness of the bolster; I roll the piece
of steel in a heated state between rolls in which are transverse grooves, that
is, grooves parallel to the axes of the rolls. By the action of the said rolls the
steel is flattened, excepting in those parts which were presented to the grooves,
which parts are left of the original size. The strip of steel is cut into suitable
lengths, and by the process called "cross rolling" the part of which the blade
is to be formed is further flattened. The bolster and tang are next by the
action of an ordinary press and pressing tools forced from the middle of the
partially formed knife to near the back thereof. By the action of another
press and cutting-out dies the shape of the blade and tang are perfected. The
figure of the bolster is also perfected by dies and pressure. The blade
is ground and finished in the ordinary manner. I make the bone, wood, or
other handle by the following means:-The material of which the handle is
made is cut of the proper width by means of a circular saw, the position of the

page_text: material being determined by a stop. The ends of the handle are shaped by
circular cutters, the cutting periphery of which is made plain or curved to
suit the form to be produced. The holes in the tang, as well as those in
the handle, are drilled simultaneously by a drilling machine, and the
coincidence of the holes in the tang with those in the handle thus secured.
AN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING AND INCREASING THE DRAFT IN FIRE-PLACES AND FLUES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Reading at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th April
1857.
I, DANIEL READING, of Claverdon, in the County of Warwick, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING
AND INCREASING THE DRAFT IN FIRE-PLACES AND FLUES," to be as follows (that is
to say):
My Invention, which has for its object the ventilating of rooms or apart-
ments, and increasing the draft in flues or fire-places thereby, with a view to
prevent the downward passage of the smoke into the apartment, as also to
assist combustion in the fire-place, consists in forming a communicating
passage (through the medium of pipes or otherwise) between the apartment
to be ventilated and the flue or fire-place of the room above it, whereby the
vitiated or impure air is carried away from the apartment and passed either
above or below the fire, as may be required, for increasing the draft or assisting
the combustion.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING EXPANSION IN STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Augustus Burdon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
-June 1857.
I, JOSEPH AUGUSTUS BURDON, of No. 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, and
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of'
my said Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
PRODUCING EXPANSION IN STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to obtain expansion in steam or other motive
power engines by means of an adjustable cylindrical graduated cam in con-
nection with the slide valve.
In the application of this Invention two of the graduated cams may be
employed. These cams are formed of three raised cylindrical surfaces or
projections, one being of a spiral shape on its edge, the two others have
straight edges. The above-described projections are by a spring brought in
contact in succession with a small pulley fixed to an excentric rod for working
the slide valve in order to cut off the steam at the desired point of the stroke
of the valve, the length of which is adjusted by a slotted lever working the
cams.
Instead of two cams and two steam chests, one of each only may be

page_text: employed, in which case the chest must have four ports, each couple being
provided with a separate valve..
For locomotive and marine engines the cam; or- cams are formed with four
projections, whose radii decrease in succession, so as to obtain the necessary
degree of expansion.
The reversing gear consists of a pulley, whose position on the excentric hoop
may be varied by means of a lever giving motion to a pin working in a slot on
the hoop.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pullar and Laurence Pullar
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 24th February 1857.
We, JOHN PULLAR and LAURENCE PULLAR, of Perth, N.B., Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of
umbrellas and parasols, and the Invention consists in the application of a
peculiar fabric, composed of weft of spun silk waste and warp of cotton or
linen yarn. For this purpose the weft used is of single yarn, produced from
dressed or heckled silk waste, dyed by preference in the hank, sliver, or rove.
The warps are of cotton or linen yarn, by preference doubled, or what is called
lace cotton yarn suitably dyed. These warp yarns are put through a solution
of what is known as aluminous soap, to give the same a resisting power
against moisture.
The fabric having been woven, the projecting fibres are shaved or singed
off, and the fabric is then subjected to the action of a dash wheel, and is next
passed through a solution of gum and over rollers placed above a charcoal
fire, after which the fabric is allowed to remain exposed to the atmosphere,
and is then passed over hot rollers to obtain lustre. The fabric may be woven

page_text: with silk stripes or ornamental border; or not, as desired, and the making up
of the fabrics into covers, and the applying them to suitable frames for
umbrellas and parasols, are performed in the ordinary and well-known
manner.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd January 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES," (communicated to me
by a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of a rotary engine, in which the
centre is open, the steam being admitted into an annular chamber, and acting
upon one piston only, fixed upon a wheel keyed to a shaft, through which
power is transmitted.
In causing the stop or abutment to rise, and allow passage to the piston, and
fall immediately after its passage, by steam let into a supplementary cylinder at
the proper moment by suitable gear worked by the engine and connected to
slide valves.
In an arrangement of valves and passages, whereby the engine may be
driven forward or reversed at will, the steam being in every case admitted
through one and the same slide valve, and allowed to escape through one and
the same exit valve.
And in packing the three sides of the piston with spring packing, and in
causing the sides of the periphery of the revolving wheel to revolve round or
carry with them spring packing, whereby friction will be less than in ordinary
rotary engines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OSCILLATING CYLINDER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Turner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd January
1857.
I, JOSEPH TURNER, of King's Lynn, in the County of Norfolk, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OSCILLATING CYLINDER STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain modifications of the oscillating engine,
whereby it is rendered more simple in construction and more effective in
operation than heretofore, whether arranged as a fixed or portable engine.
The trunnions on which the horizontal cylinder oscillates are advanced to near
the head of the cylinder, in order more completely to balance the weight of
the cylinder and its connections. To reduce the oscillating movement of the
cylinder as far as is convenient, I use a long piston rod for transmitting the
reciprocating motion of the piston to the crank shaft, and also a long guide,
which is carried by the cylinder head, and steadies the movement of the rod.
The valve I place at the side of the cylinder, and work it by a rod leading
direct to an excentric on the crank shaft, thereby simplifying the valve motion
and rendering it as simple as in the common fixed cylinder engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Alexis Bourdier and Victor
Masselon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd February 1857.
We, CHARLES ALEXIS BOURDIER and VICTOR MASSELON, both at the Office
for Patents, 4, Trafalgar Square, Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in obtaining motive power through the
agency of water in combination with a wheel, the spokes or arms whereof aro
hollow, as also certain parts of the nave of said wheel, which is mounted upon a
stud or pin fixed in an upright support, to which is also affixed a disc of metal,
the face whereof is ground and fitted close to that face or side of the nave of
the wheel with which it is in contact; the aforesaid fixed face has one hole or
opening formed therein, to which is attached a pipe connected with a reservoir
of water. And the aforesaid face of the nave of the wheel has as many holes
or openings formed therein as there are spokes in the wheel, said holes being
made opposite to the said spokes. The outer ends of each of the aforesaid
spokes are open, and have a cup-shaped piece of metal affixed thereto, into
which the water passes from the reservoir, and thus, imparts motion to tho
wheel, and so on, as each of the openings in the nave are brought opposite to
the opening in the before-mentioned fixed disc.
This Invention consists, secondly, in applying the above mode of obtaining

page_text: motive power to the construction of water meters for measuring and indicating
the quantity of water supplied for domestic and other uses, said mechanism
being connected with an ordinary clock-work movement for registering and
indicating the quantity which has passed through the meter in a given time.
AN IMPROVED SHIRT CUTTING MACHINE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hosch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th June.
1857. A communication.
I, HENRY HOSCH, of No. 12, Old Jewry Chambers, in the City of London,-
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SHIRT
CUTTING MACHINE," it being a communication from a resident in Paris (France),
to be as follows:-
This improved machine may be worked by steam, water, or horse power.
It consists of a number of tools (according to the sizes of shirts required),
fixed or mounted upon a plate of iron. They are made of iron and steel, and
have the form or shape or forms or shapes of the piece or pieces they are
intended to cut; they are fixed by screws, and if one breaks it may be
replaced separately without touching the entire set. The tools are calcu-
lated to leave about one line between each piece or pieces they cut, and.
consequently give a large saving upon the ordinary way of cutting shirts.
The tools are of such peculiar make as to suit the sizes required.
THE TREATMENT OF THE FRUIT OR VEGETABLE ALGORABAS," AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME AS FOOD FOR CATTLE
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Gripper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th March
1857.
I, EDWARD GRIPPER, of Winchester Wharf, Bankside, in the Borough of
Southwark, Corn Factor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "THE TREATMENT OF THE FRUIT OR VEGETABLE ALGORABAS," AND IN THE
APPLICATION OF THE SAME AS FOOD FOR CATTLE," to be as follows:-
The fruit or vegetable alluded to is the algorabas or locust bean. I immerse
or steep the beans in hot water, or subject them to the influence of steam
(whether of high or low pressure), and thus I increase the quantity of
saccharine matter, and otherwise improve the value of the bean. After the
beans are thus steeped or steamed I may crush them, and afterwards press
the pulp, if desired, to remove a portion of the saccharine syrup. I subject the
residual pulp above mentioned (whether mixed with other vegetable or
animal products or by itself,) to the heat and pressure of steam, or in such a
manner as to form a cake useful for the purposes of feeding cattle or live
stock.
In the making of this cake I may employ machinery similar to that usually
employed in the manufacture of linseed and other vegetable cakes for the use
of cattle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING THE SMOKE OF FURNACES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Middleton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1857.
I, JOHN MIDDLETON, of Calais, in the Empire of France, Lace Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONSUMING THE SMOKE OF FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in consuming the smoke of furnaces consist in inter-
cepting the smoke and gases evolved in the furnace, which pass away through
the flues unconsumed, and again conveying such smoke and gases back to the
ash-pit of the furnace, and by suitable means causing them to pass through
the fire, whereby the smoke is consumed. If any combustible portion of the
smoke or gases remain unconsumed, such unconsumed portions are continued
to be passed through again and again until the whole is consumed. A suitable
amount of air is admitted to the furnace to maintain combustion. A commu-
nication is effected with the chimney at such time and in such position that
no smoke escapes. The chimney need not necessarily have any considerable
draught.
To effect this object, I place a rotary fan in the flue from the furnace. This
fan is driven by any suitable power, and the exhaust passage placed in commu-
nication with the fluc from furnace, from which it draws the smoke, and at the

page_text: same time forces it by the delivery through a suitable channel into the ash-pit,
where it is distributed under the bars, and by the pressure exerted by the fan
is forced through the fire. In this way the smoke is caused to circulate till it
is consumed.
but
the circulation desired.
Pparatus may be substitute
for the lan to produce