Windows, Doors, and such like Structures.
Year: 1888

page_text: Windows, Doors, and such like Structures.
We, JAMES HIRD of Panmure Row, and JOHN ALEXANDER FORD, of 18 George
Street, both in Montroso, Forfarshire, Builders, do hereby declare the nature of our
said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference
being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say:-
Our Invention has reference to improved simple modes and means of and connected
with the mounting of binged casement windows and sash windows, doors, and such
like structures in their frames, and to improved constructions and arrangement of the
fittings or appliances relating thereto; all for the purpose of making these windows,
doors, and structures tight against wind and water when closed, while yet admitting
of their improved free action in closing and opening on special hinges so as to be
cleaned on both sides within the apartment.
And in order that our said invention, and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, we have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of Drawings, in which the same reference letters are
used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown. Figures 1 and 2
are a front elevation and irregular transverse edge section, respectively, of part of
a casement window A, and its frame F, hinged to open to the inside, and fitted with
our new or improved appliances for effecting the said purposes, and shown with the
window closed down in its frame, and broken away in the centre at 1 - - 1 to save
height in the Drawings. Figure 3 is a transverse section corresponding to Figure 2,
but with the window held up in its frame by the attachments ready to be swung in on
Its hinges. Figures 4 and 5 show a front edge view and a side section respectively,
to a large scale, of one of the lower special hinges B, C, and its fittings, for swinging.
in and holding up the casement window A shown in Figures 1 to 3, to show the
details of construction more clearly; and Figure 6 is a sectional plan of the same
ittings and part of the frame F and vertical stile of the window A, shown in
Figures 5 and 6 to the same scale, and with the window stile A¹, shown in dotted
ines as swivelled in on its hinged parts B, C. Figure 7 shows a front elevation

page_text: partly in section of one side of a lower sliding sash window A A', only and its
frame F, as fitted with our improvements, and broken away in the centre at 2 - - 2 to
save height in the Drawing, with the window A shown in its lowest or close position.
Figures 8 and 9 show a corresponding front and transverse sectional elevation
of the window A A', and frame F, to Figure 7, but with the window A in its raised
position on the new special hinges DE, as ready to be swung into the house, all in
accordance with and for the advantages of our invention. Figure 10 shows a trans-
verse section to a large scale, through the window frame F, and vertical stiles A¹ A*,
of the inner and outer sash windows A A*, through the new hinged fittings D, E.
Figure 11 shows a front, edge, and back elevation respectively of one of the hinged
parts E e, detached as secured to the frane F, of the sash sliding window A, Figures 1
and 2, but to the same scale as shown in Figure 10. Figure 12 is a side and end
view respectively of the hinged part D D³, to the same scale as Figure 11, for being
screwed to the sash window A.
Referring to Figures 1 to 6, the nature and novelty of the improvements consist
all as follows:-Under this arrangement as applied to casement windows, the
window A, is hinged much as usual to one stile of its open window frame F. at
either the left or the right side, by two or more deep spindle and socket hinges made
in two parts B, C, screwed by their strong flanges B, C, to the adjacent faces of the
respective stiles A', and F', of the window and its frame. The spindle parts B, C, of
these hinges are so screwed to the stiles A, F, of their frames, as to project inside
and allow the window A, to swivel inwards on these as seen in Figure 6. and the
spindles pass down an inch or so through their upper swivelling sockets B, C,
and have their lower ends rounded so that the windows can be raised an inch or
more with the hinged part B B' and rest and swivel on the lower end of the under
spindle and joint 6, B, as will hereinafter be explained.
The under edge of the lower rail A³, of these improved casement windows is
checked with a bevelled check, fitted into a corresponding inverted throated sole F²,
of the frame F, so that when lowered down, the bevelled check A² would press
the window tight against the outer facing f, of the window frame F, and prevent
either wind or water getting in at the bottom or up the sides. The upper rail A³
of the window frame A is sufficiently high above the upper rail F³ of the case-
ment frame F, to allow of the casement lifting freely to the extent of the check
at A, in the throated sill below, all as seen particularly in Figures 2 and 3, so
that when the window frame A, is raised on its moving spindle hinges B, and C,
it can be easily turned in on these hinges. The upper cross facing at f, is made
deep on the outside to prevent wind or water getting in at the top check; while
the upper rail of the casement A, on the inside may be similarly checked at A³,
and may have a facing bar or plate screwed across it to cover in this space left
between it and the upper rail of the frame on the inside, which, when the window
is brought down, may enter strong bevelled brass checked plates screwed on the
vertical side frames of the window at the ends of the bar, and so keep the case
close to the upper and outer storm facings f, f, all so that when the window
casement was raised it could be easily turned in clear of these gripping plates and
the lower throated sill F2. The socket plate C of the lower hinge C screwed to
the frame F, is made strong with a box in it containing an oscillating lever block
strongly fulcrumed at c¹ just under the socket B, and with a blade or other
spring e, behind it for pressing its projection c² out, through a slot C, in the fron
part of the plate C¹with stop projections on its inner end so that it could not be
forced out too far, and so that when the window casement with its hinged part B B
was raised, the lower rounded end of its spindle joint and hinged part B b, would
allow the block e² to be pressed out and so carry the point of the spindle b, and
weight of the window on it while being swivelled in as before stated, and all as show
in this position in Figures 3 and 6. In place of making the supporting bar an
block cc in the form of a short lever as shown with a separate spring c² behind i
for pressing it out, the body of the lever might be made long enough and i
the form of a strong spring itself, screwed at its lower end to the outer plate C

page_text: and act all in an equivalent manner to the fulcrnmed lever form shown in the
Drawings. A small swivelling hand lever ( is fulcrummed in the lower part
of the slot C, of the plate C, which usually hangs down in its normal position, as
shown in Figures 1, 3, and 4, but when required to raise or lower the window, this
lever (, is lifted as shown in Figures 2 and 5, so that the inner eccentric or cam
end presses hack the supporting lever c. c, until the window frame is raised, when ou
lowering the lever 02, the supporting block c² would spring out under the lower hinge
and support the window frame A, so as to be swivelled in from its frame as shown in
Figures 3 and 6; and the raising of this handle C, also lowers the window in like
manner. The upper hinge B. C, would be substantially the same as the lower
hinge, except that it would not require the supporting fittings c to c², or handle C³,
for actuating it. And for thus raising or lowering the weight of the window case-
ment, an eccentric bell-crank or other lever could be mounted to swivel within the
throated sole F, of the frame A, the one arm of the lever acting to press up on the
under rail A, of the casement, while the other arm was inside for the band to turn
it; or for light casements, they might be lifted by ordinary finger ring lifters screwed
on the lower rail, and for heavy casements they might be partially counter-balanced
by ropes or chains and weights at the side as shown in Figures 7 to 9, the weight
working within a hollow box within the window frame, the rope acting at such an
angle as to tend to draw the window or door shut when this is preferred.
Referring to Figures 7 to 12, which refer to sash windows A A¹ usually sliding in
their frames F, the weight of the sash window would as usual be counter-balanced on
opposite sides by a chain and weight g, g¹, passed over a pulley ², in the top of the
vertical stile F of the window frame F, the chain g being attached to the top of
the sash window A, as nearly as possible over the new or improved hinges, so that the
window frame A may be swivelled in on these after the removal of the inner batten
rods F, on each side of the window frame F, all as will hereinafter be described. Tho
sash A of the window frame is made to slide vertically around in the guide recesses in
the stiles F¹, of the stationary window frames F, outside the batten rods F, and the
lower rail A', of the window sash A is formed with angled cheeks to fit corresponding
reverse cheeks F2, in the lower sill of the window frame F, all so far much as usual in
sash windows to make them wind and water-tight. In this case, as applied to sliding
sash windows, our new or improved hinge has the part D shown in Figure 12,
screwed by the flange D¹ to the vertical stile A¹ of the window, with the spindle d
projecting downwards. The counter part of the hinge is made in the form of a
recessed or box plate E E', with the recoss chamber and flanges E¹ E¹, fitted
with the movable hinged lever part e, as fulcrumed at e', horizontally within the flanged
recess E¹, E¹, which is screwed by the plate E, within a recess in the vertical stile F1,
of the fixed frame F, of the window. A spring is fitted on the back for forcing
the hinged part
out through a recess E in the front plate E, so as to pass out
under the hinged spindle part 1), d, of the window sash A, (when the batten rods F,
with their pins, are removed) and the window raised sufficiently for this to take
place, and for the spindle d, to enter the spindle hole in the moving lever hinged
part e, on being brought down again to the position shown in Figures 8 and 9. The
window frame A is then in a position to be swung into the house over the lower sill F2,
of the fixed window frame, when the two side batten rods F, had previously been
removed for that purpose, and for the purpose of allowing the supporting hinged lever
parte being forced by their springs e", through their slots E", a pin on the batten
rod F, always pressing the lever hinged part e within the recess when they are screwed
оп. The lower and upper hinges Dd and E e, in this arrangement are both alike, and
both support the weight of the window sash while being swivelled into the apartment.
When the window is closed again into its sliding grooves and raised slightly to take
the spindles d out of the hinged part e then the two batten rods F*, on opposite sides
may be screwed on, so that the pins press back the hinged levers e, when the
window sash E may then be closed down tight in the sill F2 of the fixed window
frame. Although only the under and inner sash window A A', has been shown in the
Drawings Figures 7 to 9 as mounted to act with our improved fittings, shown in

page_text: detail in Figures 10 to 12 ; it is to be understood that the upper outer sashes A* of
such windows may be similarly mounted with these improved fittings to swing in in the
same manner as the lower sash, when brought down with their hinged parts D d, to
enter and rest on corresponding parts E e, e². The parting or dividing rod F³,
Figure 10, between the lower and upper sashes A A and Ax would be fitted with
pins, the same as the batten rods F, so as to be removed or inserted, to allow the
upper sash window to be swivelled in on its hinges D d, substantially as described in
reference to the lower sash A A². The hanging chains g of the counter-weights g¹ of
these lower and upper sashes would be made removable on the side of their frames,
which had to be opened into the house opposite to their hinges Dd, and replaced again
when they had to be turned in before inserting and refixing on the batten and parting
rods F* F*. These improved supporting hinged fittings and appliances are also
applicable for being fitted to doors and such like structures, and act all substantially in
the same manner as described for the hinged casement or sash windows, except that
lovers for raising and lowering the door might be fitted in the floor step, so as to be
actuated by the foot, either to raise the door before opening it, or lower it after the
door was closed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. The constructing, or arrangement and combination of casement and sash
windows, doors, and such like structures, and their supporting hinges and fittings
substantially as and for the purposes and advantages herein described in reference to
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The constructing of casement and sash windows, doors, and such like
structures, with spring reciprocating or oscillating supporting blocks or members and
lever or equivalent moving fittings, so as to hold up these windows or structures and
enable then to be swung in and cleaned from the inside of the apartments, and also
enable them to be lowered and closed wind and water tight in their frames, substan-
tially as herein described, and distinguished in reference to Figures 1 to 6, and 7 to 12
respectively, of the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The constructing of casement and sash windows, doors, and such like
structures, with hinges in two parts to rise and fall vertically on their axis over
each other, for swinging them out clear of their fixed frames and sills, substantially
as and for the advantages herein described in reference to and shown in the accom-
panying Drawings.
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