IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING OR PULVERIZING HOOFS AND HORNS, AND IN USING THEM ALONE OR MIXED WITH PULVERIED BONES FOR MANURE
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Aristides Vérel, of Macduff, in the County of
Banff, Scotland, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GRINDING OR PULVERIZING HOOFS AND HORNS, AND IN USING THEM ALONE OR
MIXED WITH PULVERIED BONES FOR MANURE."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Aristides Vérel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 20th February 1856, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ARISTIDES VÉREL, of Macduff, in the County of Banff, Scotland, Merchant,
do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GRINDING OR PULVERIZING HOOFS AND HORNS, AND IN USING THEM ALONE OR
MIXED WITH PULVERIZED BONES FOR MANURE," and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):-
My Invention of "Improvements in grinding or pulverizing hoofs and
horns, and in using them alone or mixed with pulverized bones for manure,"
consists in drying the hoofs and horns in any suitable form of kiln until they
are sufficiently brittle; they are then passed through the ordinary toothed

page_text: rollers of a bone mill, or otherwise broken into small pieces, after which they
are ground between stones as in an ordinary mill for grain, and finally passed
through a sieve or sifter, in order to separate from the powder thus produced
any particles which may still be above the size required. I also in some cases
mix this product or powder with ground or pulverized bones, prepared in the
manner described in a Patent granted unto me, and bearing date November
Twenty-third, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four (or otherwise suitably
prepared), in various proportions, so as to adapt the article or articles for use
as a manure in various soils.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would remark that I have not thought
it necessary to describe any particular form of kiln for drying the hoofs and
horns as various forms thereof will answer the purpose, and my Invention does
not relate thereto; neither have I thought it necessary to describe more par-
ticularly the mechanism for grinding or pulverizing the said hoofs and horns
above referred to, as it is well-known and in use for other purposes; but I
claim as of my Invention,-
First, the preparatory drying and grinding or pulverizing of hoofs and horns
by means of the mechanism above referred to.
And, secondly, the use of the powder thereby produced as a manure,
either alone or mixed in various proportions with bones ground or pulverized,
in the manner above referred to, or otherwise suitably ground or pulverized.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Aristides Vérel, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six..
WILLIAM ARISTIDES (L.S.) VÉREL.
Witness,
ARCH MISTON, Witness,
Clerk to the Macduff Comm' Co,
Macduff.