Improvements in Dynamo Electric Machines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 20th Jan., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dynamo Electric Machines.
I, DAVID HENRY WILSON of Opera House Block, Chicago, Cook County,
State of Illinois, United States of America, Electrical Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to dynamo electric machines, such as are used for motors,
and has for its object to provide a simple, cheap, convenient and highly efficient
machine; also, to provide means for controlling the machine; also, to provide
means for the convenient use of double poles and armatures in one and the
same mechanism, and in various improvements as hereafter set out, and to provide
a machine with a field having an exceedingly short magnetic circuit.
My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein :
Figure 1 is a perspective view with parts removed to facilitate the examination
of the remaining parts.
Figure 2 is a part cross sectional and part end view.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section.
Figure 4 is a part side and part longitudinal section.
Figure 5 is a detail of the brushes and bearing.
Figure 6 is a diagrammatic view of all the circuits.
Figure 7 is a detail of one of the armature plates.
Figure 8 is a detail view of one of the bars .J³.
Like parts are indicated by the same letter in all the figures.
A is a base plate suitably supported so as to be capable of lateral movement
on the guides A' A'. B B are the field yokes having the inwardly projecting
pole pieces B¹ B' secured thereto by the bolts B³ B², the pole pieces carrying the
field magnet windings B3 B³, and also, the exterior compound windings B* B*.
On one side is the hand wheel B' in the fixed bearing Be carrying the screw
rod B', which screws into a screw-threaded portion or aperture in the base
plate A, whereby the machine may be moved laterally to adjust its position or
tighten the belt. The frame A has projecting toward each end the portion C
with the upwardly turned base C', from which rise the standards C, upon which
the transverse shaft is journalled. These standards are arc shaped at the lower
end as indicated in Figure 5, and are secured in position by the screws C³ C³.
One of the standards is provided with laterally projecting arms C4 C* to which
are pivoted the upwardly projecting arms CC, which carry each preferably a
carbon brush C C. Each of these standards is held by a spring C' so that its
brush is elastically forced toward the commutator. The brushes are preferably
adjusted or secured by the set screws C8. The vertical arm is insulated by the
insulation plates or pieces C. D D are commutator strips having the upwardly
projecting portions D' D' to which the ends of the armature coils are secured.
These commutator blocks or strips are secured as indicated about the main shaft
upon the sleeve D', which is secured on so as to rotate with said shaft. E is the
central driving shaft suitably provided with pulleys or the like and supported in
suitable bearings. On the shaft E is placed at either end the plate or washer F
shaped preferably somewhat as shown, provided at its outer edge with the out-
wardly projecting portions G¹, G', formed each with a hole toward its extremity to
receive the rods G G2, which run parallel with the shaft E. Midway between
these plates is the plate or washer H, similarly shaped but extending to the outer

page_text: limit of the armature. The armatures proper are made up of a series of plates J
as shown in Figure 7, baving each the slot J, semi-circular to receive the upper
portion of the rod G³, the slot J' to receive the bar J' and the slot J' to receive the
upper portion of the armature coils J. The plate H is provided with apertures
through which the rods G' pass, and with slotted portions through which the
coils J J of the armature pass, or in which they rest at the ends, and also with
the outer plate K, held in position by the screws K' so as to secure the inner ends
of the bars J J. This central plate or washer or flange H (rigid on so as to
rotate with the shaft) is properly shaped on both sides so as to receive the rods,
bars, armature coils, etc. M is a switch arm to control the compound windings.
M is a dead terminal for the same. M2, M3, M*, M' and M' are terminals, from
which lead the wires N, N1, N2, N3 and N. N leads to the first section of the
compound winding B. N¹ leads to the second section, and so on, until we reach
the conductor N, which leads to the conductor N³, which leads to the binding
post No, shunting all the compound windings. N7 is a binding post which leads
one conductor N8 to the binding post N°, whence leads the conductor No to one of
the branches C of the armature and from the other brush leads the conductor N
to the binding post N, whence leads the conductor N" to the switch arm M.
From the binding post N° leads the conductor N¹ to the field magnet windings B³,
and the circuit is made through such field magnet windings in series, whence
finally issues the conductor N, which leads to the switch box N16, and to the
switch arm N17 therein. This switch arm has a dead terminal N18 and a live
terminal N1, whence leads the conductor N to the binding post No. These
several circuits are shown diagrammatically in Figure 6 and partially in Figure 1,
the circuits being suitably completed on the lower side of the switch board O on
which the switch box N¹ rests. The armature coils are also indicated
diagrammatically in Figure 6.
P is a face plate outwardly bulged at P1 P¹ and secured on the outer extremities
of the portions F by means of the screws P2 P. It will be observed that the poles
and armatures are arranged in two sets, the armature coils to each end being
wound so as to be about the length of the pole pieces between which they lie,
and the terminal wires of the coils R R are carried through the centre plate H,
being suitably insulated, and together with the terminals of the coils lying next to
the commutator are attached to the strips D¹ thereof.
It is evident that many of
the features and details of the construction which I have here illustrated could be
varied. and altered without departing from the spirit of my invention. I do not
wish to be limited to the specific construction shown. Various of the features
which I have exhibited might be employed separately and in connection with the
remaining features, or with other elements. Variations in size, form, construction
and relation of the several parts will necessarily follow the adaptation of the main
features of my invention to the various circumstances for which such machines are
required.
The use and operation of my invention are as follows:
Referring to the diagrammatic portions of the drawings and the relation of the
windings, switches, etc., it will be seen that I provide four pole pieces wound in
series, also, four compound windings in series, but so as to be successively cut out of
circuit, and armature coils in series with such of the compound windings as are in
circuit. These compound windings are also resistances, and serve the purpose of
resistances as such are commonly used in the control of dynamo-electric machines
and are made of German silver or some other material to secure a large surface to
prevent over heating.
Referring to the circuits, I assume that the current enters at the binding post N',
and passes to the post N, whence by the conductor N¹ it is carried to the field
magnet coils B³, traversing them in series, and emerging at the conductor N
which leads into the switch box, along the switch arm N to the terminal N, and
thence by the conductor N20 to the opposite binding post N. Thus when the

page_text: switch arm N is operated, the field magnets are in circuit in series. Now by
placing the switch arm M on the terminal M', it will be seen that the armature
and compound windings are also placed in a circuit, but in shunt of the field and
the current passes from the binding post N° to the conductor N10 to the brush Co,
thence through the armature coils, commutater strips, etc., to the opposite brush C6,
to conductor N, binding post N" to switch arm M, to terminal M to conductor N,
and thence successively through the several compound coils B B to conductor N³
to binding post No. By moving the switch arm M fron terminal to terminal, it
will be observed that we successively cut out the compound windings.
Referring to the constructional features of the device, it will be observed that
the armature proper is composed of the three rings or washers, one at each end,
and one midway of the shaft. They are keyed to the shaft so as to rotate
therewith.
Through them are placed the rods G' and on these rods are disposed the several
plates of which the armature cores are composed. They are suitably insulated as
desired. When one row of these plates has been put into position, the armature
coil previously prepared is slipped into position surrounded by a core portion made
by the projections on the plate J so that the upper portion of the coil lies in the
slots J. Then another row of plates J is put into position and so on until the
armature is completed. The bars J³ are then slipped into the slots J. The face
plates P are then brought into position on the outer end and securely fastened with
the screws P. Thus it will be seen that the armature has been built up, and that
any section of the armature can be removed by simply removing the face plate on
that side of the armature, disconnecting the parts and raising out the wedge-shaped
portion or section which it is desired to replace. The terminal wires of the section
or coil farthest from the commutator are carried through the plate H, and through
the end plate F and fastened to the commutator strips.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a dynamo electric machine, an armature composed of a series of wedge
shaped sections carrying each a coil, said sections composed of a series of slotted
wedge shaped plates with rods therethrough to hold them together, said slots being
so arranged that the coils can be slipped on or off the said sections, and a shaft
with supporting plates thereon to which the rods are secured.
2. In a dynamo electric machine, an armature consisting of a series of plates
wedge-shaped in plan and slotted, coils parallel to the shaft and laid in such slots,
said plates being held in place by rods fitting into slots at the top and bottom of
such plates and fastened to plates or spiders on the shaft.
3. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination of an armature shaft with
plates thereon, rods which pass into such plates being supported thereby and are
parallel with the shaft, armature sections composed of transverse plates slotted, and
coils resting in such slots, said plates adapted to rest on such rods and longitudinal
bars between which and the rods such armature sections are secured.
4. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination of shunt and series field
magnet windings wound so as to aid each other when the dynamo electric machine is
run as a motor, the series coils being used as a resistance in starting the motor.
5. In an electric motor, the combination of shunt and series field magnet
windings, wound so as to aid each other, the series windings being in sections and of
comparatively high resistance, said sections controlled by a switch so that they can
be thrown out, one at a time, when starting the motor.
6. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination of two short magnets, united
by an external yoke with two similar opposed magnets, said magnets having
inwardly projecting pole pieces and an armature consisting of two sets of coils, one
set between each pair of poles, each set having one end attached to a common

page_text: plate or spider, and a suitable shaft and commutator and connections from both sets
of coils to such commutator.
Dated this 14th day of November 1893.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.