Improvements in Incubators.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 27th Sept., 1890-Accepted, 1st Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incubators.
CHARLES CASHMORE Manufacturer Hastings Street Loughborough Leicestershire
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
__
The object of my invention is to provide an incubator which shall be capable of
maintaining the normal degree of temperature, saturation, & ventilation so necessary
for efficient hatching, regardless of the external variations in the atmosphere, thereby
rendering the incubator, as it were, more nearly automatic in its action throughout
the period of incubation. Hitherto all such attempts have been very imperfect,
requiring as a consequence constant skilled attention.
According to one arrangement which I will describe, considering it to be the
most suitable, I provide a wooden box, the floor of which is slightly raised to admit
the atmosphere beneath. It contains a water tank preferably packed in a non-
conducting material. The top of the tank slopes upwards & terminates in a small
short open neck, & it is filled with water up to this point which water is prevented
from evaporating by a layer of oil floating thereon. The tank contains an egg-
chamber, which chamber contains a dish of water below the eggs by preference. I
provide an inlet below & an outlet above the tray of eggs, for the purpose of ventila-
tion. Below this chamber, but within the tank, there is a horizontal flue provided
open at both ends, at the one end of which a suitable lamp, or its equivalent is pro-
vided, the flame of which, after heating the water contained within this tank,
discharges into a funnel at the opposite end. The ventilating air en route to the egg-
chamber passes within a tube through this water & is thereby warmed. It is then
saturated, to a required degree, with the vapour arising from the above mentioned
dish of water in passing. The expansion & contraction of the water, caused by the
heat imparted by the lamp thereto, is made to lift or lower, as the case may be, a float.
This motion is imparted to a damper in the ordinary way; or else it may be imparted
through a lever, preferably, to the lamp below, thus raising or lowering it & so
impinging upon the flue, heating more or less, the water within, & thereby
constituting an automatic regulator, capable of maintaining a normal degree of heat,
free from external thermo & barometrical influences. There is a cock at or near the
bottom of the tank for the convenience of further control of heat, by drawing off
water when desired. The neck of the tank is purposely contracted in area, in order
to increase the motion of the float, answering to the water level within. But for the
sloping crown of the tank, air bubbles would be pocketed, which would seriously
affect the automatic action of the regulator. The egg-chamber is preferably accessible
by a side door.
Dated this Twants sovanth day of Mach 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incubators.
I, CHARLES CASHMORE Manufacturer Hastings Street Loughborough, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
The object of my invention is to provide an incubator which shall be capable of
maintaining the normal degree of temperature, saturation, & ventilation, so necessary.
for efficient hatching, regardless of the external variations in the atmosphere, thereby
rendering the incubator, as it were, more nearly automatic in its action throughout
the period of incubation. Hitherto all such attempts have been very imperfect,
requiring as a consequence, constant skilled attention.

page_text: According to one arrangement which I will describe, considering it to be the most
suitable, I provide a wooden box, it contains a water tank preferably packed in a non-
conducting material, excepting that part which is partitioned off to serve as a
ventilating inlet. The top of the tank slopes upwards and terminates in a small,
short, open neck, and it is filled with water up to this point, having a layer of oil
floating thereon to prevent evaporation. The tank contains an egg-chamber, which
chamber contains a tray of water below the eggs. I provide an inlet below, and an
outlet above the tray of eggs, for the purpose of ventilation. Below this chamber,
but within the tank, there is a horizontal flue provided, open at both ends; at the
one end of which a suitable lamp, or its equivalent is provided, the flame of which,
after beating the water contained within this tank, discharges into a funnel at the
opposite end.
The ventilating air, en route to the egg-chamber, passes within a tube through this
water, and is thereby warmed. It is then saturated, to a required degree with the
vapour arising from the above mentioned tray of water in passing. The expansion
& contraction of the water, caused by the heat imparted by the lamp thereto, is made
to lift, or to lower, as the case may be, a float. This motion is imparted through a
lever, to the lamp below, thus raising or lowering it, and so heating, more or less,
the water within the tank, and thereby constituting an automatic regulator, capable
of maintaining a practically normal degree of heat. There is a cock at or near the
bottom of the tank, for the convenience of further contro! of heat, by drawing off
water when desired. The conical, or pyramidical roof of the tank is contracted into
a neck at the apex as before stated, in order to increase the motion of the float,
answering to the water level within. But for the sloping roof of the tank together
with that of the floor of the egg-chamber, air bubbles would be pocketed, which
would seriously affect the automatic action of the regulator, by reason of the
barometric influences affecting them. The egg-chamber is accessible by a door, or
drawer.
Fig. 1 represents a side sectional elevation drawn through line A A of the incubator
as constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2, a front elevation of same through
line B B, in the which, like letters correspond to like parts. (C) represents the tank
or bath, (D) the egg-chamber with (E) its sloping floor. (F) the tray of water
whereby the warm, dry atmosphere, used for ventilation, is moistened or saturated
more or less, as required. (H) the drawer with perforated bottom, containing eggs
therein (1) the ventilating inlet communicating through J the tube and (K) its outlet
(M) the flue terminating in (N) the chimney, (P) the open-mouthed neck, containing
the float (Q) connected to the lever, (R), the other extremity of which lever is
connected to the neck of the lamp (S) below, having its fulcrum at the reservoir.
end (T) serving the purpose of a fever, and lighted at its extremity (U) within the
flue. The motion due to the expansion or contraction of the water, caused by the
variation of its heat, is imparted from the float to the light (U), heating, more or
less, the crown of the flue, and consequently, the water in the tank.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, & in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is:
1. In incubators, the mode of avoiding pockets or bubbles of air lodging and
thereby accumulating within the tank, by providing a sloping chamber floor, and a
conical or pyramidical tank roof, thereby discharging all such, into the neck P sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated, in the accompanying drawings.
2. Utilizing the expansion and contraction of the water within the tank, due to its
thermal variations, for the purpose of automatically regulating the heat to be
imparted by the lamp thereto, and at the same time rigidly avoiding by means herein-
before described, all chances of derangement due to barometric causes, which the
presence of air bubbles endangers, substantially as and hereinbefore described and
illustrated.
3. The mode of introducing, warming, moistening, and discharging the atmosphere

page_text: to and from the egg-chamber, whereby the eggs are immersed in a constant warm,
moist, vital, atmosphere, which is discharged when vitiated, substantially as and for
the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4. The combination of an egg-chamber immersed in a bath of water, which water
serves the double purpose of conveying heat to the said chamber, and of automatically
controlling it by expansion or contraction as the case may be; substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
5. In incubators the arrangements and combination of parts, substantially as, and
for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
1
AUT 1
1
2000
C. CASHMORE.