IMPROVED MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND CARVING SUBSTANCES TO BE APPLIED FOR INLAYING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1843

page_text: IRVING, of Regent Street, Lambeth, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Irving Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said William Irving, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, and such others as I, the said William Irving, my executors, admini-
strators, or assigns, should at any agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark,
and Man, my Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
AND CARVING SUBSTANCES TO BE APPLIED FOR INLAYING AND OTHER PURPOSES;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said
William Irving, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, par-
ticularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Irving, do hereby declare, that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings thereunto annexed and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):-
My improved machinery and apparatus for cutting and carving substances
to be applied for inlaying and other purposes consists in certain improved con-
structions or arrangements of machinery having a revolving cutter, by means
of which, in conjunction with a moveable table, I am enabled to cut away,
carve, countersink, and perforate tablets of wood, and other materials, in various
ornamental forms, with great facility for the production of inlaid devices, gothic
tracery work, and other kinds of ornaments hitherto usually wrought by hand.
The principle of this machinery and apparatus admits of various modifications;
but I consider the arrangement represented in the annexed Drawing, and here-
after described, sufficient to explain its application to, and adaptation for, the
purpose or purposes herein set forth. In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1
represents a side elevation, Fig. 2 an end elevation, and Fig. 3, a horizontal
view of the said machinery and apparatus; the same letters referring to similar
parts in the several Figures, of which the following is a description:-A, A, is
a bench or table for supporting the several parts of the same machine and
apparatus; B, B, is a standard or bracket frame, firmly fixed to the said bench
or table, which frame is provided with plummer blocks and bearings C, C, to
receive in a vertical position an axle or spindle D, D, intended to turn in those
bearings; E, E, is a forked frame or swinging arm, firmly fixed upon the axle
or spindle D, D, which spindle is the centre or axis of the swinging frame.
The other end of the said arm E, E, carries in suitable bearings, in a vertical
position, a spindle F capable of revolving freely in the said bearings. The
lower end of this spindle F is formed to receive a chuck V, or other suitable
contrivance, for attaching and holding securely the tool drill or cutter X, or
such other cutter as may be required. Upon the spindle F is also fixed a
conical pulley G, formed with grooves of different diameters, for the purpose of
determining the velocity with which the spindle shall be made to revolve.
This pulley is designed to receive an endless band or cord H, which passes
round the lower part of a similar pulley I, running loosely upon the spindle D.
The upper groove of the pulley I is made to receive another endless band or
cord K, which passes round a wheel or drum L, supported by a standard or
frame N, and attached by a similar M to the standard or frame B; but the
band K may be driven by any other means. O is a horizontal moveable table

page_text: a
mounted upon a vertical shaft or axle R, which shaft passes through the bench
A, its lower end being supported by a step or bearing S, upon an arch Z, fixed
to the lower part of the framing of the said bench, and upon which step the
shaft R and table O turns freely. The tablet or slab of wood, or other material
intended to be wrought by the cutter X, is to be placed upon the turning table
as at P, and is made fast the reon by screwed clamps. At the left-hand end of
the bench A there is a vertical bar J made fast to the wood framing, in which
there is a fulcrum pin for the lever W to turn upon. One end of this lever W
is formed into a concave socket to receive, as a step, the lower end of the
axle or spindle D, before mentioned; the other end of the said lever is con-
nected by joint, with a treadle rod T; this treadle rod and lever are for the
purpose of raising, when required, the axle or spindle D, with the forked
frame E, carrying the drill and the parts attached thereto. U is an adjustable
screw set in the leg of the bench as a stop to the lever intended to regulate the
descent of the spindle D, with the frame E, in order that the cutter X shall
not penetrate deeper into the material or substance P than may be required.
Fig. 8, and the part dotted in Fig. 2, represents another arrangement for raising
and lowering the axle or spindle D, with the forked frame and drill, and the
parts attached to or connected therewith, instead of the lever and treadle rod
before described, and which arrangement I use when carving of variable relief,
as foliage, figures, &c., is required to be executed. Upon any convenient part
of the standard B is fixed a frame a, with bearings b, b, to receive and support
the axle of a quadrant c, which has a lever d attached to its centre. From the
periphery of the quadrant c is suspended, by a chain e or other suitable con-
trivance, the axle or spindle D, carrying the forked flame E, with the drill and
the several parts attached to and connected therewith. To the lever da
weight is suspended by a rod or other convenient means, hung in any of the
notches provided in the lever for that purpose, which weighted rod upon the
lever acts as a counter-balance to the axle or spindle D, and the several parts
attached thereto, thus enabling the tool or cutter X to be raised or lowered
with the greatest facility and precision; all the other parts of the said machine
and apparatus and their action being the same as herein described. Fig. 4 is
an elevation, and Fig. 5 an under side or end view, of a tool or cutter for
cutting or carving a semi-circular or quarter-round hollow for mouldings,
gothic tracery, &c. Fig. 6 is an elevation, and Fig. 7 an under side or end
view of a tool or cutter for cutting or carving a bead and fillet or astragal.
These are only two examples of cutters, but, of course, a great variety may be
employed, and these must depend upon the form of the edge of the recess
intended to be cut or formed, as any and every variety of rounds and hollows

page_text: ovolos, ogees, &c., separately or combined, may be executed, not only in
straight lengths, but to the form of any regular or irregular curve that may be
desired.
Having described the several parts of my machine and apparatus, as shewn
in the annexed Drawing, I will now explain its application aud mode of
operation Upon the revolving table O is to be placed and fixed the tablet,
slab, or piece of wood, or other material or substance P to be cut or carved,
and upon its upper surface, when required, I place a template or pattern Q,
formed of iron, brass, or any other approved material, of the design required,
to be cut or carved in or upon the said substance or material P, and the two
are firmly held thereon by cramps or cramping bars, as shewn, motion being
given by any convenient power to the wheel or drum E, or by any other means,
rotary motion being communicated to the band or cord K, the pulley I will be
rapidly turned upon the spindle D, by which means the band or cord H, passed
round the pulley G, will cause the spindle F, carrying the tool drill or cutter X,
to revolve with great speed, the velocity of the cutter being determined by the
proportions which the diameters of the pullies G and I bear to each other, and
the rapidity of the driving power applied to actuate. The tool drill or cutter X,
being set to the depth of cut required by adjusting the stop U, the workman,
with his foot, presses down the treadle rod T, which causes the lever W to
saise the spindle. D with the cutter X, and the several parts attached thereto;
thus, the forked arm E is raised, and being moved round the cutter X, may be
passed over the tablet P in an arc, at the same time the moveable table O
must be turned, so that the tool or cutter may be perpendicularly pendant over
the part of the tablet where the work is to commence. The cutter X is then
let down by removing the pressure from the treadle rod T, when the revolving
cutter X immediately penetrates into the tablet. The form in which the cutter
moves over the tablet is now to be determined by guiding the shaft of the
cutter against the edges of the template or pattern, the table or plate O, with
the tablet P upon it, being moved at the same time, in order to keep the
eilge of the template always close to the shaft of the cutter, which movement
of the table must be as the form of the design may require. By thus moving
the swinging frame E, and the table P, various arcs of circles, that are con-
stantly tangential to each other, may be traced upon the tablet under operation,
thereby enabling every possible variety of regular and irregular curved and
straight forms to be cut or curved in the tablet P, or other material or
substance to be acted upon; and this combined or simultaneous action forms
the principal novelty of my Invention.
I wish it to be understood that I do not claim, as part of my Invention, any

page_text: particular material that may be used in the construction of my machinery and
apparatus, nor do I claim any of the parts separately that are herein shewn and
described, or may be otherwise used; but I do claim the combination and
application of the several parts as herein shewn and described, and any varia-
tion of that combination or application for effecting the principle of my
Invention, provided the swinging frame which carries the cutter, and also the
table on which the article to be wrought is placed, have both the means of
circular motion, as are herein shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Irving, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
Inrolled the same Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year above written.