IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING QUARTZ, ORES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to August Bryant Childs, of 481, New Oxford Street,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING QUARTZ, ORES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."-A com-
munication from abroad by Abraham Karnes, residing at Rochester,
New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 13th July 1866, and dated the 27th January 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said August Bryant Childs at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th January 1866.
I, AUGUST BRYANT CHILDS, of 481, New Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING QUARTZ, ORES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to bo
as follows:-
This Invention consists in a novel combination of mechanism for crushing
quartz, ores, and other substances, and for continually removing the parts
which are crushed from the parts which require to be further crushed. For
these purposes at the lower part of the framing, which carries two cylinders,
there is an enclosed chamber, at the bottom of whichare recesses forming the
[Price 8d.]

page_text: bottoms of mortars into which the ores or substances to be crushed are fed.
Below the bed or below the bottoms of the mortars or recesses is applied a
thick layer or layers of vulcanized india-rubber. The upper part of the
chamber is closed by a cover in which there are two passages for the free
working of two piston rods, but provision is made for packing those passages
in order that the dust or grit may not pass out of the chamber in that
direction. At one side of the chamber is a hopper from which descends one
or more passages to the mortars or recesses at the bottom of the chamber,
on the same side of the chamber there is an air pipe or pipes by which air
passes to the chamber, and the air is either forced in a blast through such
pipe or pipes by suitable blowing apparatus, or is drawn through the same
by a fan or exhausting machinery applied to the outlet passage or passages on
the other side of the chamber. By these means as parts of the quartz or
other substances become crushed the finer parts are carried away by the
blast or streams of air passing into and out of the chamber. The two piston
rods at their upper end have pistons that work in two cylinders, and they are
arranged to be raised alternately. The two cylinders are open at top,
and the piston rods pass through suitable stuffing boxes in the lower covers
of the cylinders. At the bottom of each cylinder is formed an air passage
which is covered by 'à spring valve. The piston rods of the cylinders are
not fixed to the piston rods above mentioned which descend into the chamber,
but the piston rods of the cylinders at their lower ends enter recesses in the
upper ends of the other piston rods, and there is a mass of vulcanized india-
rubber between the lower end of the cylinder piston rods and the upper ends
of the other piston rods. At the lower ends of the piston rods which enter
the chamber are crushing heads which in their descent strike the ores in the
mortars or recesses and crush the same, whilst the air forced or drawn into
the mortar acts with disturbing effect upon the crushed ore within, and
passes out through the passage or outlet at the opposite side of the mortar
carrying the reduced particles of the ingredients along with it to different
degrees of elevation along an inclined chamber, where they are received into
a series of pockets according to the gravity of the crushed particles. The
pistons of the crushing heads or pestles are raised by a rotating shaft which
acts by cams on the under surfaces of collars or projections on the piston
rods or stems of the crushing heads, and the cams are formed in such manner
as to raise the piston rods from their lowest to their highest positions without
shock. As the cams come round they slip from the collars or projections,
allowing the stamping or crushing heads to be propelled with great force
downward by atmospheric pressure acting on the pistons in the cylinders.

page_text: The valve fitted to the lower end of each cylinder permits the escape of any
air that might leak in between the piston and bottom of the cylinder, which
if not allowed egress as the piston descends would lessen the force of the
blow by acting as a cushion. It may be stated that by having the vulcanized
india-rubber which underlies the mortars of considerable thickness, it will
be found to act from its elasticity as a constant agitator, and that the mortar
will thereby be caused to vibrate while the machine is in motion, and thus
present the ores or substances under the most favorable circumstances to the
action of the stamps.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said August Bryant Childs in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUST
BRYANT CHILDS, of 481, New Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me,
the said August Bryant Childs, Her special licence that I, the
said August Bryaut Childs, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said August Bryant Childs, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING
QUARTZ, ORES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," a communication to me from abroad by
Abraham Karnes, a person resident at Rochester, New York, United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said August Bryant
Childs, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
6

page_text: NOW KNOW IL, that 1, the said August Bryant Childs, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in a novel combination of mechanism for crushing
quartz, ores, and other substances, and for continually removing the parts
which are crushed from the parts which require to be further crushed. For
these purposes at the lower part of the framing, which carries two cylinders,
there is an enclosed chamber, at the bottom of which are recesses forming the
bottoms of mortars into which the ores or substances to be crushed are fed.
Below the bed or below the bottoms of the mortars or recesses is applied a
thick layer or layers of vulcanized india-rubber. The upper part of the
chamber is closed by a cover in which there are two passages for the free
working of two piston rods, but provision is made for packing those passages
in order that the dust or grit may not pass out of the chamber in that
direction. At one side of the chamber is a hopper from which descends one
or more passages to the mortars or recesses at the bottom of the chamber, on
the same side of the chamber there is an air pipe or pipes by which air
passes to the chamber, and the air is either forced in a blast through such
pipe or pipes by suitable blowing apparatus or is drawn through the same by
a fan or exhausting machine applied to the outlet passage or passages on the
other side of the chamber. By these means as parts of the quartz or other
substances become crushed the finer parts are carried away by the blast or
streams of air passing into and out of the chamber. The two piston rods at
their upper
ends have pistons that work in two cylinders, and they are
arranged to be raised alternately. The two cylinders are open at top, and the
piston rods pass through suitable stuffing boxes in the lower covers of the
cylinders. At the bottom of each cylinder is formed an air passage which is
covered by a spring valve. The piston rods of the cylinders are not fixed to
the piston rods above mentioned, which descend into the chamber, but the
piston rods of the cylinders at their lower ends enter recesses in the upper
ends of the other piston rods, and there is a mass of vulcanized india-rubber
between the lower end of the cylinder piston rods and the upper ends of the
other piston rods. At the lower ends of the piston rods which enter the
chamber are crushing heads, which in their descent strike the ores in the
mortars or recesses and crush the same, whilst the air forced or drawn into
the mortar acts with disturbing effect upon the crushed ore within, and passes
out through the passage or outlet at the opposite side of the mortar, carrying
the reduced particles of the ingredients along with it to different degrees of

page_text: elevation along an inclined chamber, where they are received into a series of
pockets according to the gravity of the crushed particles. The pistons of the
crushing heads or pestles are raised by a rotating shaft which acts by cams on
the under surfaces of collars or projections on the piston rods or stems of the
crushing heads, and the cams are formed in such manner as to raise the piston.
rods from their lowest to their highest positions without shock. As the cams
come round they slip from the collars or projections, allowing the stamping or
crushing heads to be propelled with great force downwards by atmospheric
pressure acting on the pistons in the cylinders. The valve fitted to the lower
end of each cylinder permits the escape of any air that might leak in between
the piston and bottom of the cylinder, which if not allowed egress as the
piston descends would lessen the force of the blow by acting as a cushion. It
may be stated that by having the vulcanized india-rubber which underlies the
mortars of considerable thickness it will be found to act from its elasticity as
a constant agitator, and that the mortar will thereby be caused to vibrate
while the machine is in motion, and thus present the ores or substances under
the most favorable circumstances to the action of the stamps.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a side elevation in section, Figure 2 shows a transverse
section, and Figure 3 an end or side elevation of machinery constructed and
combined according to the Invention; A is a mortar, which is to be bolted to a
firm base, between which and the under side of the mortar a thick layer of
vulcanized india-rubber is to be inserted. Within the bottom of the mortar
are two chilled iron dies a, a, which are separated by the partition b, which
rises somewhat above the dies. The chamber or mortar A has a moveable
cover at the top which is formed in two parts, in which there are recesses
and passages for the piston rods or stems E, E, to the lower ends of which
the crushing heads areaffixed. The crushing headsare chilled for about two
inches of the base, leaving a soft core. Leathers, or other packings are intro-
duced into the recesses in the cover to prevent dust rising in that direction.
The piston rods or stems Ę pass through guides E1, E2; the piston rods or
stems E, E, are raised by cams on the cam shaft D, which receives rotating
motion from steam engine, water wheel, or other power. The cams act on the
collars or tappets ƒ formed or fixed (by preference by welding) on the stems
or piston rods E, and the form of the cam is such as to lift the piston rods or
stems E from the lowest to the highest position without shock, and by reason

page_text: of the form of the collars or discs and the manner in which the cams act
t
thereon, the piston rods or stems E will be caused to rotate, and the crushing
heads will consequently change the parts of their surfaces which strike the
ore. Immediately on the cams quitting the collars f the piston rods or stems
with their crushing heads are propelled downwards with great velocity by
atmospheric pressure acting on the pistons in the cylinders F, F, the piston rods
of which at their lower ends enter recesses formed in the upper ends of the
piston rods or stems E of the crushing heads, there being elastic packing in
the recesses; B is the framing which carries the cylinders F, F; at the lower
end of this framing is a tank B¹ into the water contained in which the cams
dip as they rotate. The piston rods of the cylinders E pass through stuffing
boxes formed in the covers or lower ends of those cylinders. To the lower
end of each cylinder F there is a spring valve g covering a hole or air passage,
as shown in the Drawings. In each of the sides of the chamber or mortar
A is an inclined passage H, over one of which is a hopper for feeding in the
materials to be crushed, to which there should be a cover to prevent the
passage of the blast of air in that direction when the blowing fan or apparatus
is attached to the pipe H¹ leading from the.blowing apparatus to one of the
inclined passages H, or the fan or blowing apparatus may be attached to one
of the inclined passages in such manner as continually to draw air from the
chamber or mortar A, in which case the other opening H will be open to the
outer atmosphere. The air on being forced into the chamber or mortar acts
with a disturbing effect upon the crushed ore, and passes out through the
opposite inclined passage H carrying with it the reduced particles, which are
received into a series of suitable pockets according to the gravity of the
particles. When desired in place of using a blast of air the apparatus may
be arranged to have a stream of water to flow through the mortar, and so
carry off the well crushed ore therefrom, leaving the uncrushed parts to be
more completely crushed. By the rotation of the shaft D the pistons in the
cylinder F will be lifted in succession, forming a vacuum below them, the
spring valve allowing any air which may leak into the cylinders to escape
when the pistons descend..
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I am aware that
trip hammers have been before worked by means of pistons pressed on by
the outer atmosphere after being raised by cams, the hammer heads being
fixed directly to the piston rods, I consequently make no claim thereto; but
what I claim is, the combined arrangement of mechanism and apparatus
herein described for crushing quartz, ores, and other substances, the crushing

page_text: Heaus OL WE are worked by pistons pressed on by carmosputies as
explained
In witness whereof, I, the said August Bryant Childs, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this 25th day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
In witness whereof, I, the said August Bryant Childs, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this 25th day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
A. B. CHILDS. (I.S.)