matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE PREPARATION OF SPIRITS, WINES, AND OTHER FERMENTED LIQUORS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Ker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1873.
I, DAVID KER, of William Street, Lowndes Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE PREPARATION OF SPIRITS, WINES, AND OTHER
FERMENTED LIQUORS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is first to soften new and fiery spirits, and
to improve their flavour, while at the same time they are rendered
comparatively innocuous to the coats of the stomach.
The Invention relates secondly to the treatment of light wines, such
as clarets, and of ale, porter, cider, and other fermented liquors, with a
view of preventing them from turning acid or of retarding their
tendency so to do when exposed to the air. These results I attain by
combining with such liquids the substance commonly known as
glycerine, which may be prepared in any ordinary or approved manner.
The glycerine may be combined with the spirits either before or after
distillation, but I prefer to add it to the purified spirit. So also with
respect to wines and other fermented liquors, the glycerine may be

page_text: added either during the process of manufacture or subsequently to the
refining of the wine or beer.
To obtain the desired results various proportions of glycerine may be
employed dependent upon the strength and quality of the liquids. Thus
for example I add to one gallon of spirits, say from three to five ounces
of glycerine, and to a gallon of ale or of wine from, say, two to six ounces
of glycerine. I find that in thus treating ale, besides destroying the
tendency to acidification, the quality of the ale is so improved that it may
may be drunk without fear of producing heartburn, and it may thus be
employed as a cheap stimulant in cases where its use is at present
unavailable. Glycerine also serves to retain the flavour of wines
possessing a volatile aroma, and thus of rendering them palatable for
days after they have been uncorked.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING GATES OR SLUICES AND WEIRS FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE OVERFLOW OF WATER FROM RIVERS OR WATER- COURSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Goldsmith and James
Dilkes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th June 1873.
We, GEORGE GOLDSMITH, and JAMES DILKES, both of Leicester, in
the County of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING GATES OR SLUICES AND WEIRS
FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE OVERFLOW OF WATER FROM RIVERS OR WATER-
COURSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to the employment of self-acting appa-
ratus for preventing the overflowing of rivers, streams, or watercourses,
and consists in constructing on each side of the stream and partially
across it, and entirely across it at the bottom a pier or wall of brickwork
or masonry. Between these piers or walls is fixed a cast-iron frame
fitted with a door or sluice partially faced with brass, and fitted
accurately into the frame so as to produce a water-tight or nearly
water-tight joint.
In the pier on one side a recess or trough is constructed sufficiently
large and deep to admit of the lower part of a water wheel working

page_text: therein. This wheel is fitted with buckets peculiarly constructed, and so
arranged that when the water in the upper pond reaches a certain height
it will run or fall into the buckets of the wheel and give motion thereto.
The wheel revolves on a shaft having suitable bearings, and to one end
of the shaft is attached a pinion which gears into a spur wheel that
communicates motion to another pinion above the sluice. This latter
pinion gears into a rack attached to the door or sluice so that as the
wheel revolves so is the sluice raised, thereby allowing the water from
the upper pond to flow away from its bottom or bed into the water-
course below, and this it will continue to do until the water in the upper
stream has been reduced to the level at which the apparatus has been
adjusted. When this has been attained it becomes desirable to close the
sluice, and for this purpose water is conveyed through a pipe to the
upper portion of the wheel, and by a self-acting movement of the sluice
or wheel it is allowed to fall into the buckets and cause the wheel to
revolve in the opposite direction to that in which it turned before. The
consequence is that the sluice is gradually lowered on to its sill where it
remains until the water has again risen in the upper pond sufficiently to
put the apparatus in motion.
In order that the wheel may not operate too suddenly on the sluice,
the pinion is attached to the shaft in such a way that a half, more or
less of a turn of the wheel may be made before the gearing is acted
upon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING AND TWISTING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hodgson and Francis
Lea at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th November 1873.
We, WILLIAM HODGSON, of the Firm of J. & W. Hodgson, of the
West End Mills, Bradford, in the County of York, Worsted Spinners,
and FRANCIS LEA, Manager at the said Mills, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
IN SPINNING AND TWISTING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES," to be as follows:-
It is found in practice that the tubes or hollow spindles standing up
from the warves to receive the bobbins in spinning and twisting frames
wear away unequally at two parts of them, one near the top and the
other near the bottom of such tubes, and to replace them it has been
found necessary to supply both tube and warve together, by which
considerable cost is incurred.
The object of this Invention is materially to reduce the cost arising
out of such wear. For this purpose we apply to the ordinary tubes or
hollow spindles as thus employed, and to the outer surface of them at

page_text: the parts which in use are found to wear away first, short extra or
covering pieces of tubing or rings of metal or other suitable material
to receive the greater wear of the bobbins at those parts, and we apply
such extra portions of tubing or rings to the ordinary tubes or hollow
spindles by soft solder or such like simple means, so that when worn
away those parts may be readily replaced by others and considerable
economy effected.
:
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS_FOR EFFECTING THE GENERATION OF STEAM IN STEAM BOILERS, WHICH INVENTION IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR SMELTING IRON, THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Barber and John Ingham
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 15th August 1878.-A communication from abroad by
James Burns, of the City of London, Province of Ontario,
Canada.
We, JOHN BARBER and JOHN INGHAM, both of Romily, near
Stockport, in the County of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS_FOR
EFFECTING THE GENERATION OF STEAM IN STEAM BOILERS, WHICH INVENTION IS
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR SMELTING IRON, THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, AND OTHER SUCH
LIKE PURPOSES," being a communication to us from abroad by James
Burns, of the City of London, Province of Ontario, Canada), to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates to a novel method of and apparatus for effecting
the generation of steam in steam boilers, whereby a considerably less
quantity of coal is used than hitherto, but it may also be applied for
smelting iron, burning bricks, the manufacture of illuminating gas, and
other similar purposes, where a great heat is required.

page_text: The Invention consists in the novel employment, combination, and use
of a steam jet with a jet of tar, petroleum, oil, or other combustible
liquid, so arranged that they can easily be introduced or injected (on a
somewhat similar principle to the Giffard injector) into the furnace of
the steam boiler or other place where combustion takes place, and
produces a great heat at a trifling cost.
As an example we will here describe one method of working the
apparatus, but it will be evident to any practical person that the modes
of working may be considerably varied to suit the different require-
ments.
Conveniently situated outside the furnace is a tank or barrel con-
taining the tar or other combustible fluid; from this tank a pipe or jet
leads to the furnace where it is connected to a steam pipe from the
boiler; we first fire up with a small quantity of coal in order to get up
a slight pressure in the boiler, and then allow the steam to flow into the
steam pipe before mentioned, where in meeting the tar or oil at the
point of junction of the pipes it carries the same forward into the furnace
in a continuous stream or shower.
As soon as the steam and tar come into contact with the fire in
the furnace combustion takes place and the furnace is constantly :
filled with a brilliant flame, whereby great heat is obtained at a trifling
cost.
When it is desired to replenish the furnace with coal which is
required to keep up a slow fire for the purpose of burning a slight spray
which falls from the steam and tar, the steam can be turned off and the
nozzle removed out of the way.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OR METHOD OF DAMPING THE WARP WHEN WEAVING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Richmond, William
Richmond, and John Dodgeon at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 28th June 1873.
We, THOMAS RICHMOND and WILLIAM RICHMOND, of Burnley, in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, and JoHN DODGEON, of the same
Place, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS OR METHOD OF DAMPING THE WARP WHEN
WEAVING TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
-
Heretofore one or more rollers covered with flannel or other porous
material, carried in the bearings of a trough formed in the back rest of
the loom, have been employed for this purpose, the trough being supplied
with water or other fluid, and the warp passing over in contact with the
flannel received moisture or damping by capillary attraction from the
water or liquid in the trough, and the warp continually bearing thereon
gave motion to the roller or rollers, which means or apparatus in practice
is found to supply moisture too freely.
Another method or apparatus for this purpose, and to obviate too
muntu of moistung is to emulare a strin of thick cloth fixed in a

page_text: trough of water other fluid, one edge projecting upwards sufficiently
for the warp to pass in contact with, but which in practice is found
that this strip of cloth not only supplies moisture to the warp but
receives or takes up size from the warp, and consequently in a short
time becomes clogged or caked, and therefore inoperative for the supply
of moisture to the warp.
Now our improvements consist in the employment of a trough to
contain water or other fluid, and one or more rollers covered with flannel
or other absorbent material placed in such position and adjustable
between the back rest and the healds as that the warp will only bear
slightly and intermittently upon the flannel or other absorbent material,
and thereby not give motion to the rollers but only receive a small
supply of moisture by capillary attraction; and when occasion requires
the attendant can turn the roller or rollers forward so as to present a
new part of the surface of the flannel to the warp, and thus keep up a
sufficient and regular supply of moisture to the warp in passing.
Or we may employ a trough with a strip of flannel attached by one
edge therein and the other edge hanging loosely out of the trough; this
trough by preference to be placed over the warp between the warp beam
and the back rest, so that the loose edge of the flannel may lay upon the
warp..
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR SHAPING BY WHAT ARE COMMONLY CALLED AS BAND SAWS OR KNIVES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Osbourn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th August 1873..
I, FREDERICK OSBOURN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR SHAPING BY WHAT
ARE COMMONLY CALLED AS BAND SAWS OR KNIVES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists,-
Firstly. In a method of driving those instruments which are
commonly called band saws or knives, and which are used for cutting
timber, shaping woven fabrics for garments, and other purposes. To
this end I employ the usual bands or knives, and mount them upon
drums or rollers, as now practised; but as the object of my Invention
is to obviate in a great measure the breakage of the said bands, which
frequently takes place, I do not strain them to the extent now practised,
and in place thereof I draw them through the material to be cut or
shaped by additional apparatus, consisting of a drum, between which,
and one of those drums now employed, the band passes; the two being

page_text: caused to nip the said band by pressure and draw it forward. This
nipping action may take place at more than one point.
Secondly. My Invention consists in a method of arranging band
saws for cutting a log or other article into several thicknesses. For
this purpose I employ a series of separate-drums, over which the band 5
saws pass in steps; and the said saws therefore successively extend
further across the section of the article to be cut, and it is therefore.
severed into the required number of thicknesses.
AN IMPROVED GYPSUM CEMENT OR PLASTER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Reverend Granville
Hamilton Forbes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 14th May 1873.
I, the Reverend GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES, Rector of Broughton,
Northamptonshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED GYPSUM CEMENT OR PLASTER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in mixing coal tar or equivalent with chalk or
limestone and a small quantity of sulphur, which mixture when the
compound is burnt gives an excellent cement or substitute for plaster
of Paris.
In carrying out the said Invention I proceed as follows:-I reduce
the chalk or limestone to a powder and thoroughly mix with the powder
about one-fourth of its weight of coal tar and to this I add a small
quantity of sulphur in powder, and mix the whole thoroughly. The
compound is then pressed sufficiently to form it into a compact block
or ball, after which it is burned. The product of combustion is after-
wards reduced to a fine powder and is then fit for use. When used
it is mixed with water. The quantity of sulphur used is about one-
eighth part (%) of the weight of the tar or equivalent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Imray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th May
1873. A communication from abroad by Charles Alexander
Chamberlin, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in the United States of
America.
I, JOHN IMRAY, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of anchors,
the nature of which will be best understood by reference to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings.
Fig. 1 represents a perspective view of an anchor constructed according
to this Invention, as it would appear when hanging freely, and Fig. 2,
represents a perspective view of the anchor when it has taken hold of the
ground.
The stem a attached to the cable by the eye a³ at its upper end is at
its lower end spread into two forks a¹, a¹. To these forks is joined a
bow 6 made with flukes b', and with projecting arms d, d. The weight

page_text: of the bow b is so disposed with reference to its jointing to the
forks a', a', that when the anchor is hanging, as shown in Fig. 1, the
flukes b', 6', stand up vertically in the same plane with the stem a.
This result instead of being brought about by the weight of the bow b
and the position of its centre of gravity, might be attained by the t
application of springs to the bow b, or by guide chains attached to it.
When in lowering the anchor the bow 6 reaches the ground it cants
over, so as to bring its flukes toward the ground on the one side, and
when the anchor begins to be dragged along in this position these flukes
enter the ground and take hold, as shewn in Fig. 2, the projecting 1
.arms d on the lower side serving by their bearing on the bottom to
direct the flukes obliquely into the ground, while the arms d on the
upper side bear as stops against the fork a¹ to prevent the bow 6 and
its flukes from being turned too far round by the drag. By this
arrangement great holding power is obtained with an anchor of moderate 1
weight, and a certainty of the flukes catching the ground is secured,
while all chance of their fouling the cable is avoided.
Furthermore, owing to the attitude of the flukes, when the anchor is
raised or lowered they are not liable to catch under the forefoot of the
vessel in weighing anchor, nor to injure the bows in catting or fishing, 2
and an anchor thus constructed can be fished, catted, and handled with
ease, can be stowed snugly, and having no projecting points is not liable
to foul the rigging or chains of vessels passing near.
It will be seen that both flukes are in use at the same time, and even
if one should be broken the anchor will hold whichever way it may.cant, -2
as with the one fluke of an ordinary anchor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO PICTURE FRAMES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Long at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
October 1873.
I, RICHARD LONG, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND APPLICABLE TO PICTURE FRAMES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to manufacturing picture frames with a buffer
or stud on the back thereof; also to buffers or studs to be applied
to the backs of picture frames. The buffers or studs are so arranged
that the picture is kept from touching or leaning against the wall,
and so as to leave a space between the picture and the wall, so that
a free current of air is allowed passage, serving the double purpose
of ventilation and cleanliness, as a free current of air passing between
the wall and the picture preserves the picture from injury by being
hung on damp walls; also a free current of air prevents the accumula-
tion of dust and the marking of wall papers, as it is well known that
pictures when hung for any time on a wall leave a dust line or mark

page_text: where the picture has hung, thereby soiling and destroying the wall
paper.
In applying this Invention to picture frames one or moro buffers
or studs may be formed on the back of the picture frame, or screwed
or otherwiso attached thereto. These buffers or studs consist of a ɓ
spherical or other shaped head made of wood, metal, india-rubber, or
other suitablo material.
The buffers or studs may be formed on the picture frame or may be
attached thereto by a screw or other suitable fastening; they may also
be gilt or coloured to suit the picture frame. The buffers or studs may 1
project about half an inch so that the picture is kept from the wall
about half an inch.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN WROUGHT, WELDED, RIVETTED, OR OTHER BOILERS FOR HOT WATER HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hartley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
July 1873.
I, JOHN HARTLEY, of Halifax, in the County of York, Welded Boiler
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN WROUGHT, WELDED, RIVETTED, OR OTHER BOILERS FOR HOT WATER
HEATING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in having a waterway front with a clearing
door in combination, with a solid or undivided waterway back, and water-
way shelves with an oval cross check tube.
By arranging the waterway shelves and waterway front so as to form
a broad zig-zag flue, the flame as it passes from the fire chamber is
retained in passing from one shelf to the other, and against the front
until the flame and heated gases are nearly exhausted.
By these improvements great economy of fuel is attained and more
heating power derived.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOG IRONS, AND MACHINERY FOR MAKING THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Barker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
February 1873.
I, ABRAHAM BARKER, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Plumber, &c., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOG IRONS, AND MACHINERY FOR MAKING THE SAME,” to be
as follows:-
The present clog irons as now made are subject to wear in the centre
of the front; also the back part or sides of the heel.
In my improvements I place iron or other metal within the interior of
the present clog irons so as to remedy the defect of the wearing part or
parts.
Also I fix an apparatus which is termed an oliver, which has attached
to it two hammers for forging and flattening the fronts and bending
them.
AN IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Printy Wheeler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1873.
I, GEORGE PRINTY WHEELER, of Brentwood, in the County of Essex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the manufacture of an improved fuel
for general purposes made from materials unlimited in quantity, and
which when burning will produce intense heat and sustain combustion
a much longer time than coal.
The materials from which I make this fuel are clay, coal ashes or
cinders, and dust from burnt coal, coal dust, or waste coal, and salt.
I propose to use the above-named materials in about the following
proportions, viz.:-

page_text: Or in lieu of ashes, small coal, or coal dust, or ashes and coal dust mixed
together, or cinders produced from the fuel itself. This compound I
cause to be mixed together, and to obtain a perfect combination I pass
them through a pug or mixing mill, and while doing so add as much
water as shall bring the compound into a consistency fit to be moulded t
into blocks. These blocks are then dried, when they are ready to be
used as fuel.
This fuel above described, when burning, maintains combustion a long
time, while the salt or chloride of sodium gives intensity to the heat,
and at the same time dissolves the silica of the clay and causes the clay 1
to be consumed without producing a clinker. Thus combustion and
consumption are obtained.
The above named proportions will vary according to the nature of
the clay to be operated upon, and the purposes for which the fuel is
required.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN WAGONS FOR CARRYING AND DISCHARGING MINERALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bryan George Davis Cooke at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th July 1873.
I, BRYAN GEORGE DAVIES COOKE, of Colomendy, near Mold, in the
County of Flint, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WAGONS FOR CARRYING AND DISCHARGING MINERALS AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a four wheeled wagon so arranged as to
"tip" or discharge its load on either side, as may be required, and
consists in arranging the body to move on.rollers from side to side, the
motion being imparted by toothed gearing on shafting running fore and
aft along and under the centre of the wagon and worked by a handle
from one or both ends.
When the body of the wagon has arrived at a position fixed upon
either on the right or left, a hinge prevents further progress and the
toothed wheels begin at once to act on a toothed rack bar secured to the
body of the wagon, which has been brought into gear by its side motion

page_text: and that side of the wagon is gradually raised to the required height for
the load to run out.
When not required to "tip" the body and frame of the wagon is kept
together by screws or bolts, which can be readily removed when
desired.
A NEW AND IMPROVED ARTICLE OF DRESS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elizabeth La Pierre Daniels
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition,
on the 5th August 1878.
I, ELIZABETH LA PIERRE DANIELS, of the City of New York, in the
United States of America, but at present of 5, Southampton Buildings,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED ARTICLE OF DRESS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is designed to affect two improvements in dress,
first, to dispense with garters, and, second, to make one article available
for two purposes, namely, a substitute for garters and for supporting
an article worn occasionally by females.
The following is. an example of the construction of the above
mentioned article. It is composed of five principal parts, as follows,--
namely, a band of elastic web to encircle a person's waist, also two
pieces of web sewn by one and to the said band, so as to come as near
as may be in a line with the knees when the article is in use. To the
lower end of each of these two pieces I connect by a buckle another

page_text: piece of elastic web, somewhat similar to those parts of gentlemen's
braces which connect the braces to the buttons of the trowsers, except
that for the purposes of this Invention instead of employing button
holes I use buckles, with the prongs pointing downwards; I also
employ a buckle for adjusting the band of the article around the waist, &
and to opposite parts of the said band I affix two short pieces of elastic
web, furnished each with a buckle, the prongs whereof point down-
wards, and serve to so connect anything thereto as to form a kind of
abdominal support, extending from back to front of the body; and
further, by means of the buckles affixed to the other longer pieces of 1
web, stockings may be kept up without the aid of garters, it being simply
necessary to catch the edge of the stocking by the prongs of the two
buckles, and then by the single buckle at top to adjust the degree of
tension after the manner of adjusting gentlemen's braces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPPLYING COMPRESSED AIR TO MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Perch and William
Paget Higgs at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 4th December 1873.
We, WILLIAM PERCH, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, Coal
Owner, and WILLIAM PAGET HIGGS, of Bloomsbury, in the County
of Middlesex, Telegraph Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPPLYING COMPRESSED AIR TO MACHINES
OR APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in causing atmospheric air or any clastic
gas to be compressed by known means into a portable chamber in the
form of a bellows or otherwise, which we prefer to construct of airproof
flexible material, such as leather or canvas made airproof by varnish or
otherwise, and if necessary strengthened by bands or straps of the same
or any other material. Or the chamber may be constructed of iron or
other metal of sufficiently small weight to be portable. This portable
chamber when filled with compressed air or gas is carried or conveyed
to the machine or apparatus to be set in motion, and is connected there-
to by means of a pipe or tube.

page_text: The efflux of the air issuing from the chamber may be obtained at a
maximum by constructing the efflux tube or ajoutage in such manner
that its section is a cone whose length is twice the smaller diameter.
The said chamber may also in some cases be constructed on the well-
known principle of bellows, so that by combining a bellows action with
the said chambers they may when desired be used in either form, that is,
as simple compressed air or gas receivers or as self-acting suppliers.
These bellows chambers may be of different forms, namely, they may
consist of two discs connected by flexible material, the upper disc being
depressed by a weight or otherwise to expel more forcibly the com-
pressed air or gas. Or the top disc or rigid part of the bellows chamber
may be hinged at the front edge to the lower disc or rigid part similar
to an ordinary pair of bellows, or which we prefer.
The bellows chambers may be constructed on the principle of the
well-known double blow-pipe bellows whereby a constant emission of
A NEW TEXTILE OBTAINED FROM THE PLANT KNOWN AS THE HIBISCUS ESCULENTUM OR GOMBO
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Frederick Edmond
Chamas and Louis Bouju and Marcellin Réné Bouju at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd
April 1873.
We, JULES FREDERICK EDMOND CHAMAS, Merchant, of Egypt, LOUIS
BOUJU, Merchant, of Egypt, and MARCELLIN RENÉ BOUJU, Merchant,
of 69, Rue d'Aboukir, Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW TEXTILE OBTAINED FROM THE PLANT KNOWN AS
THE HIBISCUS ESCULENTUM OR GOMBO," to be as follows:-
The textile forming the subject of the present Invention is made from
the fibres of the plant known as the hibiscus esculentum, or hibiscus
esculentus or gombo, or otherwise, according to the country in which it
is found. It grows in great abundance in the tropical zones, and in hot
climates. This plant possesses a fibre capable of producing a thread
equal in texture to that of hemp or flax.
In the manufacture of the thread we submit the plant to the same
operations as are employed with hemp or flax, that is to say, when the

page_text: plant is cut it is subjected to the action of water for a certain time, it is
then crushed, combed, and twisted in the usual manner and by the
ordinary means. The textile thus produced is calculated to render a
great service to industry by its economy in production, as compared
with that of textiles of a similar nature such as hemp and flax.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN RESERVOIR PENHOLDERS, AND IN MEANS OF PRESERVING A SUPPLY OF INK THEREFROM
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hermann Wetzel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th September 1873.-A communication from abroad by
Friedrich Wischmeyer, of Osnabrück, in the Empire of Germany.
I, CHARLES HERMANN WETZEL, of Great Tower Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN RESERVOIR PENHOLDERS, AND IN MEANS OF PRESERVING A SUPPLY
OF INK THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in reservoir penholders, and
in means of preserving a supply of ink therefrom, and consists in
providing an india-rubber or other flexible waterproof tube or bag
closed at one end and open at the other, the open end being in con-
nection with a pointer or guide leading towards the point of the nib.
The guide is hollow and forms a continuation from the tube to the
nib. The tube is enclosed in a slotted case, and a small roller or bowl
runs in the slot freely when pressed upon by the thumb, and rolled
along the roller bears upon the reservoir tube and compresses it more
or less to ensure the flow of the ink to the nib.

page_text: When the tube is empty the roller is at the bottom of the slot, and
the tube can be refilled by simply dipping the mouth of the guide into a
cup or vessel containing the ink, and then rolling the roller up the slot
when the supply of ink rushes up and fills the reservoir tube to the
distance the roller is moved.
The roller is so arranged that it can be acted upon during the writing
operation by the thumb of the right hand without necessitating the
shifting of the holder from one hand to the other, or interfering with the
writing until the reservoir is empty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DOMESTIC FIRE-GRATES TO FACILITATE THE ECONOMICAL BURNING OF FUEL THEREIN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Henney Car-
rington and James Platt at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th January 1873.
We, WILLIAM THOMAS HENNEY CARRINGTON, of 21, Gresham St.,
London, in the County of Middlesex, and JAMES PLATT, of Atlas Works,
Gloucester, in the County of Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DOMESTIC
FIRE-GRATES TO FACILITATE THE ECONOMICAL BURNING OF FUEL THEREIN," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of domestic fire-grates
in order to facilitate the economical burning or consumption of fuel
therein.
The Invention consists in pivotting a cage or section of a cage upon
one or more bearings, but preferably two, one being at the back and one
at the front, formed in plates or cross bars. Portions of the cage, or a
section thereof is cheeked or lined with refractory clay, other portions
being formed with bars or rails for permitting the passage of air through
the fuel. The rail portions are fitted loosely, so that when one is at the

page_text: top that one can be lifted for the insertion of fresh fuel, and then be
replaced. The cage is then to be reversed or turned bottom upwards
to carry the fresh fuel to the bottom, so that the ascending smoke
and vapours have to pass through the heated fuel above to be con-
sumed.
In some cases the lower rail portion is in a piece with the fixed
portion of the grate, the cage or a section of a cage only being capable
of rotation.
The cage is of circular or segmental form in cross section, so that
it moves between the side cheeks of the stove, to which guide bars or 1
flanges are arranged for guiding, aided by rollers or not, the loose rail
portion, if such is used, and when a lever or handle is applied for
turning it.
F
I■- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOVES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR ECONOMISING FUEL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edme Lionel Holwell Jobert
Count d'Epineuil at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 7th March 1873.
I, EDME LIONEL HOLWELL JOBERT Count D'EPINEUIL, of 38,
Cambridge Street, Hydo Park, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “I■-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOVES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH FOR ECONOMISING FUEL," to be as follows:-―
This Invention relates to a new construction and form of stove, and
to the combination of parts for facilitating the consumption of gases and
smoke in stoves, the objects being cleanliness, greater distribution of
heat within the apartment, with a less and a more perfect consumption
of fuel than can be accomplished by any known method.
According to this Invention the aperture forming the ordinary
chamber in which a stove is fitted in a dwelling house or elsewhere
is occupied by a shell preferably of concave form, leaving a space
between the shell and the back brickwork. The shell is continuous
from the top to the front lower edge, and is turned up so to speak

page_text: towards the front, where it terminates at or above the level of the floor.
A railing or metal band bearing a register is fitted upon its edge, the
back of this grating resting upon studs or a bar at the back. There
is a chamber under the lower part of the shell, and the latter is
perforated for the admission of air into the said chamber which com-
municates with the chimney, so that the air which passes through the
fire from above goes through the perforations into the chamber, thereby
forming the draught by which the combustion is ensured. The space
at the back terminates above with the ordinary chimney, in the back
wall of which there may be an aperture for the admission of a further
supply of air, the aperture being fitted with a valve which can be
opened and closed to regulate the current up the chimney and the
draught through the fire. This additional opening may however be from
below or from the front in any convenient manner. The fuel is
supported on a grate placed upon the rails across the lower part
of the inside of the shell at any convenient height from the level of
the floor. The shell may be of any shape and of any material, lined or
not with refractory clay, but I prefer to make it of curvular form, so
that the heat can be radiated to various parts of the apartment in
which the stove is fitted. The shell has no top opening, consequently
all smoke and gases which escape from the fuel have to pass downward
into the chamber and away to the chimney.
Iм-- PROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES, AND IN THE MODE OF HEATING OVENS, OR APPARATUS USED IN COOKING FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Whittle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
December 1873.
I, WILLIAM WHITTLE, of Harborne, in the County of Stafford,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм--
PROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES, AND IN THE MODE OF HEATING OVENS, OR APPARATUS
USED IN COOKING FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES," to be as follows :-
.
My Invention consists in the arrangement of a moveable back of
metal or other suitable material forming the back part of an ordinary
fire-place. The said back being placed between two cheeks or plates
forming the sides of the fire-place. These side plates are secured
together and kept at proper distance apart by rods or other equivalent,
securing them firmly, so that the whole can be placed within an
ordinary fire-place and removed at pleasure. These side plates or
checks have a double series of projecting notches on the inner sides.
The moveable back having projections to correspond with and to fit
in such notches whereby this said back is kept in position. This back
can by means of these notches and projections be moved back or forward

page_text: according to the thickness of fire desired from back to front bars. This
back is perforated and is in section an obtuse angle, one side of such
angle forming the fire-back and the other or upper portion of such forms
the top of an air chamber and slides (as moved in or out for regulating
thickness of fire) under a top plate hung on two pivots, the back side of
which rests on or against the brick or other back of the grate. It will
be seen that by this arrangement the fire-space can at any time be con-
tracted or extended in depth from front to back while the fire is burning
in the grate by simply shifting the back from one notch to another, thus
reducing the consumption of fuel while a full front of fire is presented
to the room.
The chamber formed behind the fire by the moveable back
is of inestimable value as the rarefied air contained therein passing into
the fire from the back side forces the heat into the room, yet allows the
vapours from the fuel to pass upwards. Instead of placing my Invention
inside an ordinary fire-place. I sometimes attach it to the front of a
fire-place in a large room, first removing the front grate, thus bringing
the fire more into the room. For this I specially arrange to suit the
requirements.
The second part of my Invention refers to the cooking fire-place; in
this I use the aforesaid moveable back and its connections. I likewise
fix my oven, same as at present, with flues, but at the entrance into the
flue from the fire I fix a throttle valve, which serves the purpose of
either circulating the hot air all round the oven or under, round the
side, and away or round one side and over the top and away. The
aforesaid throttle valve is made so as to turn the heat from the 2
fire to whatever part of the oven it may be required, and be fully under
the controll of the attendant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Petrie, of Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES."
Sealed the 2nd April 1874, and dated the 8th October 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Petrie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th October 1878.
I, JAMES PETRIE, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM ENGINES,” to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to economize steam as it passes from
the valve case into the cylinder in those arrangements in which two
valves are employed, one at each end of the cylinder.

page_text: According to the usual construction it is necessary that a steam
passage of some length shall extend from the side pipe or valve case to
the cylinder, but according to my Invention I obviate this necessity and
bring the opening for the induction steam close to the cylinder. To
accomplish this I cast the cylinder of such a length that the space in
the side pipe or valve casing required for the motion of the valve shall
not extend beyond the cylinder flange. I then form the cylinder cover
of sufficiently extended depth to cause it to extend along the increased
length of the cylinder, and thus bring it into the usual relative position
to the steam way. As this arrangement necessarily involves a much ]
thicker cylinder cover I propose to cast it hollow in order to lighten it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BROOCHES, PENDANTS, AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL DRESS FASTENINGS AND DRESS ORNAMENTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Ovid Sandheim at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th September 1873.
I, DAVID OVID SANDHEIM, of the Firm of Jacob and Sandheim, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturing Jewellers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BROOCHES, PENDANTS, AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL DRESS FASTENINGS AND DRESS
ORNAMENTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing the said brooches, pendants, and
other ornamental dress fastenings and dress ornaments in the manner
herein-after described, whereby the ornamental character of the articles
can from time to time be changed at pleasure, and the said articles made
to form three or other number of different designs.
In making a brooch or pendant or other article according to my
Invention I take by preference four plates of an ornamental figure, and
which plates may be chased, enamelled, or otherwise ornamented. The
figure of the said plates may be varied, but I prefer to make them of a
heart shape. I joint the said plates together at their smaller ends by

page_text: means of a pin or centre on which the said plates turn. Or the said
plates may be otherwise connected together. When the several plates or
folding parts are superposed or lie upon one another they form a heart
shaped pendant, brooch, or other article. By turning the said plates upon
their centre or joint they may be opened out so as to give the article the 5
figure of a Maltese cross. By opening them in a different manner the
article may take the figure of a butterfly, and by opening them in
different ways a variety of changes of figure may be produced.
The ornamental plates are so connected with the centre on which they
turn that they retain with considerable force any position into which 1
they are put, and the figure of the article is not liable to accidental
change.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAVANTING MACHINES USED In the Manufacture of Leather, ARTIFICIAL OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ibbetson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
January 1873.
I, JAMES IBBETSON, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAVANTING
MACHINES USED In the Manufacture of Leather, ARTIFICIAL OR OTHERWISE,” to
be as follows:-
The machine is constructed as hereafter described :-On a shaft and in
suitable framework I mount a wheel which I call a lavanting wheel, on
the rim of which I provide a number of brackets; to each or any number
of these brackets I fasten headstocks carrying the rollers fitted in
adjustable sliding bearings. On the same framework a swing table is
also fitted on which is placed the material to be operated upon. The
table with the material on it is brought up to the rollers by means of a
cam, eccentric, or their equivalents actuated by a treadle or foot lever; by
this arrangement of treadle or foot lever the operator has both his
hands at liberty to move the material operated upon in any required
directions.

page_text: The rollers are kept up to their work by means of springs or their
equivalents operating against the hushes or hearings in which the
rollers are mounted, and impart to the rollers the required amount of
pressure.
rollers are mounted, and impart to the rollers the required amount of
pressure.
When the machine is required for fluting purposes I provide fluted 5
rollers of boxwood.
When required for printing I by preference employ metal rollers
having the required pattern or design cut or marked thereon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gilchrist and Moses
Thomas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th February 1873.
We, WILLIAM GILCHRIST, of the Firm of Gilchrist & Goldie, Brick
Makers, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, and
MOSES THOMAS, in the Employment of the said Firm, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to improvements in the manufacture
of bricks, tiles, and other similar articles, consists in arranging at that
end of a pug mill through which the clay issues a box or chamber
which is reciprocated backwards and forwards by a connecting rod
attached at one end to the box or chamber and at the other to a
revolving or reciprocating crank or eccentric. Within the box or
chamber another smaller box or cliamber is situated, and which
corresponds in shape and dimensions to the shape and size of the bricks,
tiles, or other similar articles to be produced. The larger box or
chamber is provided with tappets or pins at its inner surface, and

page_text: when the said box or chamber has been moved forwards to receive
from the aperture of the pug mill the requisite amount of clay to form
the article desired the smaller box or chamber is by these tappets or
pins also moved forwards and the clay is compressed thereinto against
the end of a chamber situate on the opposite side of the pug mill
aperture. Into the chamber last referred to steam is conducted,
and a flexible pipe is attached to the steam chamber through which
steam is also conducted into the smaller reciprocating box or chamber
to disengage the brick, tile, or other similar article from the inner
surfaces thereof when the compression of such article is completed.
After the brick, tile, or other similar article has been compressed the
reciprocating boxes or chambers are drawn backwards and a "kicker"
actuated by a tappet or pin on the crown wheel of the pug mill or by
an independent tappet or pin is then brought into operation so as to
elevate the brick, tile, or other similar article, above the level of the
boxes, which being effected the brick, tile, or other similar article is
removed and the formation of another brick, tile, or other similar article
is then proceeded with, as herein-before described.