IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VEHICLES AND VESSELS FOR THE TRANSPORT OF MERCHANDISE AND FOR DRIVING MACHINERY to be as follows
Year: 1884

page_text: I KURT DEGENER, Retired first Lieutenant German Army, of Brunswick,
Germany, and temporarily of 4 Lismore Road, Haverstock Hill in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VEHICLES AND
VESSELS FOR THE TRANSPORT OF MERCHANDISE AND FOR DRIVING MACHINERY
to be as follows:-
"
This Invention relates to a method of and machinery for transporting grain,
goods, and materials of all kinds by utilising their own weight as a medium for
multiplying the propelling or driving power. The load to be transported is
contained in a hollow drum or container to which rotary or oscillating motion
is imparted by manual or pedal power, the gravity of the load itself being
utilised for the purpose of multiplying to an indefinite extent the motive power
employed.
Before proceeding to describe the machinery I propose to employ, I will first
briefly refer to the principles on which my Invention is founded illustrating the
Bame by a few familiar examples.
It is well known that a child can gradually put in motion a large and heavy
well balanced wheel which the strongest man cannot stop suddenly. It is also
well known that with a lever a large weight can be easily raised by a small
force or weight. A mass in motion is easily kept in motion but very difficult
to stop.
These forces, that is, gravity, leverage and accumulated force which in the world
are continually at work, are here used as the means of multiplying indefinitely the
propelling power for ships and vehicles of all kinds.
The mass or load to be transported is contained in a drum or container to which
rotary or oscillating motion can be imparted by manual or pedal power, the drum
the mass or load acquires sufficient motion its power is used to drive the vehicle
or container being so mounted as to reduce friction to a minimum. As soon as
of the Invention being to set the load or mass into rotary or oscillating motion
or machine of which it forms a part or to which it is geared, the essential principle
ID

page_text: and then to communicate this motion to the machine to be propelled
This can be effected either by mechanical means or by air pressure.
or driven.
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood I will proceed to
describe the various mechanical means which I propose to adopt for the purpose of
being had to the accompanying drawings forming part of this Specification in which
utilizing the rotary or swinging motion of the load for propelling purposes, reference
the same letters refer to similar parts in the various figures.
rotary motion of the loaded drum or container to the travelling wheels of a vehicle,
Figures 1 to 6 show various views and modifications for communicating the
by means of a percussive propelment acting either directly or indirectly on the
travelling wheel axle.
Figures 7 to 9 are machines in which friction gear is used for transmitting the
motion of the loaded drum. Figures 10 to 12 shew a vehicle propelled by an
oscillating load. Figure 13 shows the screw propeller of a ship actuated by a
ratchet propelment such as that illustrated in figures 1 to 6.
With reference to figures 1 and 2 A is the drum or container of any suitable size
the larger the better, for holding the load to be transported. It is carried by a
shaft B mounted in suitable bearings on the frame of the machine and is provided
with openings a and b for filling and emptying it respectively.
The drum is rotated on its axis by a treadmill arrangement consisting of
stepping boards C on one or both faces, near the circumference, for the man or
men by whom the drum is to be operated.
The drum can also be worked by a hand wheel applied to or gearing with its
shaft. D is the working platform for the man or men to stand on.
The drum is furnished with circumferential teeth c and d, faced with india rubber,
for the purpose of lessening the concussion. These teeth are alternately large and
small for the purpose of enabling the number of blows given by the percussive
propelment for each revolution of the drum to be varied by the cranked arm e of
the propelment pawl or clutch being forced away from the circumference of the
drum by any suitable means, thus allowing the smaller teeth c to pass without
striking.
the next tooth d strikes the arm e.
The teeth c and d alternately strike and force down the cranked arm e which is
pivoted at f and this forces up the clutch F which engaging with the teeth on the
ratchet wheel g on the axle of the wheel G rotates the latter and propels the
machine. After revolving a certain distance the tooth c disengages itself from
the arm e, when the clutch falls by its own weight again into position to act when
altered by forcing out the arm e, so that the small teeth c pass without striking.
The number of blows per revolution can be
All parts should be thrown out of gear until the man by stepping on the
boards C has imparted to the drum a certain momentum. When this is accom-
plished, the parts are thrown into gear and the accumulated power in the drum
then sets the machine in motion in the manner described.
Figure 1A is a separate view of the clutch F, one face of which is toothed as
shown, to gear with the teeth g of the ratchet wheel g figure 1.
arm centred at f.
e is the cranked
Figure 3 shows a slight modification, the arm which is struck by the teeth of
the drum, being in this case nearly straight and. in a horizontal position below the
drum as shown. It is furnished with a clutch or pawl engaging with a ratchet
wheel on the travelling wheel shaft and the drum is rotated by a treadmill
arrangement as before.
of the drum and alternately striking two levers furnished with clutches or pawls
Figure 4 is another modification, the teeth c and d being in this case on the face
which act on ratchet teeth placed on the side of an intermediate spur wheel which
gears into teeth on the boss of the travelling wheel or on a boss or wheel keyed
on the travelling wheel axle. The motion otherwise is the same as in the preceding 5
:ages.

page_text: Figure 5 shows an arrangement where the clutch propelment is worked in a
similar way to figure 1, the lever arm lying transversely and the clutch working
into an intermediate toothed wheel, the axle of which rests on the india rubber tyre
a wheel keyed on the travelling wheel axle which it turns by friction, thus
5 propelling the vehicle. The front wheel axle in this case also has a toothed wheel
Feved on it, acting on the end of a lever (see figure 5) terminating in a toothed
clutch or head, which acts on teeth in the side of the loaded drum and thus the
machine when moving keeps oscillating the lever, which in turn acts on the drum,
thus augmenting the power of the man working the machine.
Figure 6 shows an arrangement similar to figure +, applied to drive a tricycle.
In this case, the intermediate spur wheel gears in a spur wheel placed on the shaft
running in the bearings of the ordinary treadle.
Figure 7 shows an arrangement similar to figure 5. The intermediate wheel
however has no teeth but is provided with an india rubber tyre which receives its
motion from india rubber projections on the main drum.
The arrangement for driving the travelling wheel is otherwise similar to that in
figure 5. Figure 8 is similar to figure 7 except that the intermediate wheel gears
by its rubber tyred periphery instead of by its axle, with the rubber tyred wheel
on the travelling wheel axle.
Figure 9 shows the large drum surrounded with an india rubber tyre which acts
friction on india rubber projections on the intermediate wheel, these projections
acting again by friction on the india rubber tyre of the wheel on the travelling
wheel axle.
by
In front of this machine there is a small wheel for turning and guiding it.
Figures 10 and 11 are side and end elevations of the arrangements in the case
of an oscillating load, A being a platform rocking on a central fulcrum a and
having two receptacles B, one at each end, into which the material is loaded.
This fulcrum a is supported by the framing b in which the travelling wheels Gare
mounted.
Fixed to the travelling wheel axles are ratchet toothed wheels g with which
vertical racks / engage. Each rack has a flat head between which and the framing
a spring c is confined. These racks terminate immediately beneath the rocking
frame A and are ultimately struck and driven down by the rocking motion of said
frame and raised by their springs, thus rotating the ratchet wheels and propelling
the machine.
Figure 12 is a modification of the foregoing arrangement, the racks being
inclined, and after being forced downwards by the frame A and drawn forwards
by the chain underneath, they are again drawn up by the chain attachment to the
underside of the frame A.
Figure 13 shows an arrangement for driving a screw propeller. A is the loaded
drum, as in the preceding machines with large and small teeth c and d, which
strike on the end of the lever arm e centred at f, whereby the clutch F is caused
to engage with and drive a ratchet wheel fixed to the screw shaft. The drums KL
are also loaded and their momentum is utilized for increasing the power. They are
mounted on horizontal shafts and geared by the friction of india rubber tyres with
the drum A. The other modifications before described could be also used for the
same purpose as well as for driving paddle wheels. They can also be used for
various purposes, such as driving machinery, compressing air and generating
electricity.
In summing up the invention which is based on the principle that a wheel in
rotation is similar to a reservoir of power, I would observe that the important
factors are, the power of the man who works the machine, the number of
revolutions, and the size and good workmanship of the wheel.
The wheels both intermediate and driving, must work as freely as possible,
as (1) few blows for communicating the motion or (II) to throw the clutches into
gear only

page_text: be used either inclined or with springs, so that the wheels gear only when the
drum has attained a certain momentum.
If the power is communicated in any of those ways, the revolving wheel forms
a reservoir of power, under the most favorable conditions.
The arrangements before described where the communication of power by the
drum does not take place at the same time as it receives power from the front
whool are advantageous, for then with a part of the power gained the drum can be
kept in motion, the size of the different wheels is also of great importance.
17
I, KURT DEGENER Retired First Lieutenant German Army of Brunswick
Germany and temporarily of 4 Lismore Road Haverstock Hill in the County of
Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VEHICLES AND VESSELS FOR
THE TRANSPORT OF MERCHANDISE AND FOR DRIVING MACHINERY
"" and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
-
in
According to this invention I utilize as a source of power freely revolving
oscillating or otherwise moved masses or loads for the transport of themselves and
of other loads on carriages ships and submarine ships while utilizing air or water
pressure and electricity (but the latter not for carriage wheels and screw propellers
and paddle wheels), and in general as source of power when the load is contained
in a dwelling-or storing spaces. These latter being adapted for receiving loads
animals and human beings, are to be put in motion and the power thus produced is
to be utilized for driving all sorts of vehicles or to be used as source of power
general while at the same time using air or water pressure and electricity (but
latter not for carriage wheels and screw propellers and paddle wheels);
* By "freely revolving "I mean wheels and the like, revolving as freely as possible
and therefore the receiving of the power (for instance by percussion or blows from
pawl levers or hammers), and the transmission of the power (for instance the blow
of a tappet on the next lever hammer) must not take place simultaneously.
Further I do not mean one but two or more wheels or the like; further the parts
which are intended for power transmission must not impede the rotation of any
one wheel and the power transmission must only be momentary.
the

page_text: The water or air must where it hinders the motion of the vessel be drawn in and
be forced out again by high pressure.
The electricity is to be produced by the unpreventible axle friction and a dynamo
machine is to be applied at the centre of the propelling wheel. The electricity is to
5 accumulate in conductors and from one conductor the wheel of the dynamo machine,
that is the dynamo machine itself is driven.
The forces which are utilized are attraction or centripetal force lever force or
blow, inertia, air or water pressure, electricity, and earth magnetism.
1. The force of attraction or centripetal force or gravity is a universal force and
0 acts as well on atoms as on the greatest masses.
2. The action of the blow with one lever hammer or with three levers is well
known.
3. As regards the force of inertia that a small power only is required for putting
a wheel or a swing in motion and to keep it in motion but that it takes a great
power to stop the motion suddenly.
4. By drawing in air or water and forcing it out, power can be gained with a
swing or by a vessel.
5. The power of electricity is well known.
6. Earthmagnetism-A magnetic current flows from the north to the south pole
so that a bar properly placed becomes magnetised.
In order to utilize this power I provide the submarine vessel with appliances
which give it the power of a magnet needle. For the same reason I make the
lower part of a swing or see saw magnetized by placing magnetized iron bar under
the same the poles being placed so as to repel.
The known hindering forces are.
1. The air resistance, all according to the form and arrangement of the swing.
2. The wind is a still greater force, wherefore the swings or see saws have to
receive a corresponding form or are made to turn according to the wind or are kept
from the influence of the wind.
3. The resistance of large frictional surfaces is a great hindrance with swings as
well as with wheels.
4. The earth magnetism offers varying resistance in different parts of the earth
according to the nature of the soil but this hindering force can be almost entirely
obviated by using loads of non-magnetic substances such as sugar or grain.
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood I will describe the
same with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate various
mechanical means which I purpose to adopt for the purpose of utilizing the rotary
or swinging motion of the load for driving or propelling purposes.
Figure 1 represents a double armed lever pawl or hammer mounted on fulcrum c
and having the long arm a provided with ratchet teeth like grooves b at the end,
while the other or short arm d is plain. Figure 2 shews such a lever applied to the
transmission of power in the form of intermittent blows from a see-saw or other
swing applied on the end of the arm d to a transmission wheel W the axle of which
is mounted in bearings. This wheel which is shown in end view in Figure 3, is
provided with teeth or grooves w at intervals on the circumference as shown and
as the teeth b of the pawl lever strike against such a portion of teeth the wheel W
is put into free revolving motion.
The wheel is also formed with a series of tappets w¹ which are placed circum-
ferentially intermediately between the tooth portions w; these tappets serve to
transmit the motion received onto the short arm d of another pawl lever such as
Figure 1 which then again by contact with tooth portion on another wheel similar
to W transmits the motion to such other wheel as will be explained further on
with reference to Figures 21 and 22 which represent a carriage having wheels so
geared.
In Figure 4 is shown a mode of transmitting the blows from a double armed
lever e to a double armed lever f and thence to a pawl lever d a such as shown in
Figures 1 and 2 and in the plan view Figure 5 and side view Figure 6, the blow

page_text: a pawl
lever d, a b, the lever f being formed broad at each end so that the two other
lovers may be at any desired angle thereto, thus permitting transmission of the
power in any desired direction.
Figure 7 is a modification of Figure 4 the levers e and dab being connected to
the leverf by ball and socket joints.
Figure 8 shows a pendant pawl lever d, a, b the fulcrum of which can be shifted
to different holes and serves to impel a transmission wheel W. When applied for
instance in a submarine vessel it can be used both when the vessel is going ahead
under water and when it is rising to the surface. The lever should be made to
shorten and lengthen.
Figure 9 represents a lever hammer d, a, b mounted on a fulcrum bracket g
which is fixed on a lever h that can be shifted or turned round the fixed centre or
fulcrum h', the lever h being also made in two parts so that its length can be
adjusted, i is a bracket resting loosely on the ground and serving as a support for
the lever h.
In Figure 10 the mode is illustrated in which the power is transmitted from
a transmission wheel W such as in Figure 3 by the tappets w¹ coming in inter-
mittent contact with a pawl lever d, a, b, which again by intermittent contact with
grooved parts on another such wheel W transmits the power thereto.
Figure 11 illustrates the manner in which a wheel W which obtains motion in
the manner described (that is to say by an intermittently depressed pawl lever
acting against grooved parts of the wheel circumference) and contains the load to be
transported such as grain is applied to the propulsion of the wheels k mounted on the
crank carriage axle l. For this purpose the shaft of the wheel W is provided with
wheels m which by frictional contact with the bosses of the carriage wheels k cause
them to revolve. Figure 12 shows a modification in which the shaft of the wheel W
by friction against the enlarged bosses of the carriage wheels k impel the same.
In Figure 13 the carriage wheels % are driven from a transmission wheel W
(containing the load to be transported) by the intermittent revolving motion
imparted to the grooved wheel n by the grooved parts on the wheel W. The
shaft n¹ of the wheel n has a crank pin n² which by connecting rod o transmits
the motion to the crank shaft p which latter by pulley p¹ and chain transmits the
motion to the road wheel k.
Figure 14 shows a pawl lever d, a, b applied to an intermittently grooved
wheel W which forms part of a larger wheel x containing the load to be
transported.
Figure 15 is part side view and Figure 16 plan showing a mode of transmitting
motion from a wheel W to a wheel W₁ by means of the tappets w¹ and the four
pawl levers a, b combined crosswise on a shaft which is free to revolve, the tappets
striking the lever ends d.
In the example above described the pawl levers d, a, b are impelled from some
see saw or other swing arrangement, but in Figure 17 1 show how the up and down
motion of the end S of a see saw swing is used to impart revolving motion to
a shaft T formed with grooves or teeth as shown. For this purpose the swing S is
provided with say three toothed rods b b' ba of different lengths so that when the
longest of them in the descent of the swing end S has finished its gearing contact
with the teeth on the shaft T the next one b' comes into gear and then the next
one b³. Springs or other menus are provided for keeping the rods b in contact with
the teeth while permitting them to be out of active gear when the swing end S
rises again.
In Agure 18 a wheel W is shown as receiving alternate motion by tappets of
different heights on a large transmission wheel not shown imparting blows to the
ends of the two rods q and q provided with teeth or grooves which gear with
corresponding teeth on the wheel W. The rods q, q' are united by a chain passing
over two pulleys r mounted on a bracket. One rod q is moved downward to push,
while the other rod g' is simultaneously drawn back from gontact with the teeth on

page_text: are guided in tubes or guides 8 8¹ and have stops working
in slots or otherwise for limiting the stroke.
Figure 19 illustrates a mode of transmitting intermittent revolving motion.
The transmitting wheel A has an elastic tyre a and the receiving wheel B has
elastic or other cam bosses b. The receiving wheel C has also an elastic tyre c.
In Figure 20 is shown transmission gear in which the revolving wheel a by teeth
on its end face gears with a pinion 6 on a shaft the other end of which has a crank
pins which gives reciprocating motion to a toothed or grooved rod d. This latter
by intermittent contact with the tooth parts of a wheel W cause it to revolve and
this motion is by chain and pulleys transmitted to a road or other wheel k.
Figure 21 is a sectional side view and Figure 22 a plan of a road carriage
constructed and operated according to this invention and used for transporting
loads in drums or wheels W W' W2 or one or more of them. S is a see-saw swing
receiving up and down motion by persons mounted on each end of same, thereby
giving the pawl lever d, a, b, intermittent percussions or blows and imparting
revolving motion to the loaded drum or wheel W. The tappets w¹ on the latter
transmit blows to the pawl lever d¹ a¹, b¹ which impels the loaded wheel W¹ which
again through pawl lever d² impels the wheel W2 whence the motion by pawl
lever d³ may be further transmitted to the wheel e and thence by pulleys f and g
and chain to the axle of the road wheels k thus propelling the carriage. The other
modes of transmission already described may more or less be applied as modifi-
cations in the construction of such load transporting carriages.
The front wheels may be steered by sector wheel chain and steering wheel as
shewn or in any other suitable way.
Figures 23 and 24 sheet 2 are detail perspective views from opposite sides of one
of the loaded transmission wheels W W¹ or W2 such as just described with reference
to Figures 21 and 22. In Figure 23 six end covers are removed to show the
interior six spaces which are provided each with an opening o near the centre and
another p on the outer circumference; these openings are to be closed by doors.
Figure 25 shows a sleigh constructed according to my invention. Motion is
transmitted from a see saw swing S to a pawl lever a of a form for instance as the
one shown at Figure 28 sheet 3 to a loaded transmission wheel W whence the power
is transmitted further by other pawl levers as described with reference to Figures 21
and 22 to other loaded transmission wheels W1 W2 and W³. The latter is provided
with a sprocket wheel which by endless chain transmits revolving motion to
a drum X which on its circumference is provided with projecting spade blades or
sticks for entering into the snow, but not shown on the drawing and made adjust-
able as to their length of projection according to the depth and condition of the
A screw propeller Y is mounted on each side of the drum head and these
screws serve especially for acting on deep snow.
snow.
Figure 26 sheet 3 is part longitudinal section and Figure 27 plan of a vessel
constructed and operating according to my invention. The swing S serves to
impart revolving motion by the pawl lever a shown separately in Figure 28 to the
loaded wheels W W1 W2 and W3 in the manner just above described and from the
last wheel W³ motion is by frictional or gearing contact transmitted to the wheels L
which by endless chain transmit motion to the wheel M the axle of which carries
two wheels N and N' shown separately in Figure 29 either of which can be
brought into frictional or gearing contact with the shaft of the screw propeller O
by turning the pivot carriage P on which the bearings of the axle of the wheels
N M M¹ is mounted.
Figure 30 sheet 2 shows plan of a very broad road going in the direction of the
magnetic north pole and having as an example two systems of loaded transmission
wheels. In the left hand system the wheel a is first impelled by percussive blows
in the manner described from a seesaw or other swing and motion is transmitted
thence by tappets and long pawl levers such as shown in Figure 9 sheet 1 to the
wheel b which again by similar means transmits motion to the wheels c and d.
The latter again moves the wheel e which moves the wheels h and f. This latter

page_text: again moves the wheel g which by strap or otherwise transmits power to a steam
plough, threshing machine or any other agricultural or other machine. The power
from his similarly transmitted to the wheels il l m o and n, the latter conveying
the power to any agricultural or other machine. The system of wheels on the
right is similar and needs no explanation. The corn, sugar or other produce it
stored in these wheels and when required to be conveyed away any one or more or
all of the wheels are placed on carriages, sledges or ships such as described taking
their place therein so as to be useful for power transmission. Other empty wheels
meanwhile from such carriages sledges or ships take their place in the field as
shewn in Figure 30, are filled as required, then conveyed away as stated and so on
The axle friction I may utilize for producing electricity, compressing air or
otherwise.
Figure 31 sheet 4 is a vertical longitudinal section of a submarine vessel
constructed and operated according to my invention, and Figure 32 is a plan
section of same. From the seesaw swing S alternate blows are imparted to the
pawl lever d ab which acts on the loaded transmission wheel W from which latter
by other pawl levers as shown the motion is transmitted to other loaded trans-
mission wheels W1 W2 and W³. On the axis of the latter there is a sprocket
wheel which by endless chain transmits motion to the wheel m on the axle of
which are wheels N N¹ N2 which by friction or tooth gear transmit motion to the
shafts of the propeller screws P P₁, and according as the shafts are brought in
contact with the wheels towards one side or the other the screws are turned one
way or the other. The swing S also actuates the piston rods of the two air-
compressing pumps QQ¹ which serve to keep the swing S going even when
the vessel assumes an upward slanting direction whereby the swing would come
out of gear with the pawl lever but for the constant percussive action of the air
pump piston rod against it. The vessel is provided with quadruple air chamber or
jacket all round as shown which are kept full by the air pumps. From the air
vessel R the air is also forced into the barrel p in which two pistons a and a¹ can
move apart, these are by piston rods connected respectively to the hollow plungers c
and d respectively which work in the large pump barrel or air chamber h. But
each plunger has also a small barrel or recess respectively to which a piston e and f
respectively is connected which works in a barrel e¹ and f¹ fixed to the ends of the
air chamber h. Thus the air becoming strongly compressed in these barrels e¹
and f¹ alternately produce air cushion which brings back the plunger c or d to its
original position. The whole of this air chamber h should have been shown in the
upper part of Figure 31 instead of to one side of Figure 32. It serves to give the
required float power to keep that side up when the propellers are revolving and to
resist the revolving tendency of the vessel.
In order to reduce the resistance of the water (or air) I draw in the water in
front or wherever the resistance occurs and force it out behind. This
in many ways but in general I draw in the water by rotating pipes which are
may be done
provided with rifle grooves or helical passages in their interior. The pipes are
rotated by means of electricity, by water or air jets, by seesaw swings or by air
pumps forcing air against wheels on such rotating pipes. As an example the
pipe 1 comes in from the cross shaped stem of the vessel, leads into the pipe 2
which is rifled or helically grooved inside and is free to revolve. On it is fixed
wheel 3 which is revolved by electricity. The water is thereby compressed into
the air vessel 4, thence into the revolving pipe 5 on which is fixed a wheel with
radial fan arms against which revolving jets of water or air from the pipes 65
impinge which are supplied from compressed air vessels in connection with this
system. The water will thus be still further compressed into the air vessel 7 to
which is connected the revolving pipe 8 with wheel 9 fixed thereon which receives
revolving motion from a seesaw swing thereby compressing the water still further
fan wheel 12 whereby the water is still further compressed into the air vessel 13
into the air vessel 10 which leads into the revolving pipe 11 on which is fixed a 5
and thence through the revolving pipe 14 into the air vessel 15. A small pipe 16

page_text: therefrom is led back past the pipe 14 where a small jet from the pipe 16 impels
the pipe 14, and the end of the pipe 16 forms a jet for working the fan wheel 12.
The water in a highly compressed state is forced out of the pipe 17 and rose 18
at the stern of the vessel. Air vessels are arranged in great numbers in any
available parts of the vessel for the purpose just described.
Figure 33 is a detail view showing the mode in which highly compressed air or
water is forced into the hollow axle r of the road wheels 8 see Figures 31 and 32,
through the hollow spokes of the wheels and escaping by holes in the rim, thus in
the case of the wheels s being in the water ejecting jets of water thus revolving the
wheels and propelling the vessel and in case of the wheels s running on the road
on land (when the vessel is so used) ejecting air jets and thereby lessening the road
friction or resistance. t is a pump for supplying the compressed air or water.
Figure 34 is a detail sectional view of a pump Q such as shown in Figures 31
and 32 and connected with another pump R. The air is conveyed into the pump Q
by the rotating pipe Q¹. When the piston is depressed by the seesaw swing the
pawl teeth slide past the pawl Q2; when the swing rises again the pawl will hold
the piston rod, but not before a certain recoil of the piston rod has imparted a
blow to the swing thus putting it each time in stronger motion. The pawl must
then be released from the pawl teeth on the piston rod so that the latter can rise to
its former height. This is done by a spring catch not shown. In Figure 35 the
construction of the piston is shown most clearly. The pistons should have been
shown with conical bottoms so as to counteract the influence of the sudden blows.
It is formed with passages and grooves for counteracting leakage and is free to
turn. The air or water entering at 1 passes up, branches off laterally into the
annular groove 2, descends thence by the passage 3 into the other annular groove 4
and by the passage 5 and spring valve 6 passes out of the piston again. This
latter being at the same time free to rotate the water which otherwise by the
sudden blow would penetrate by the side of the piston will find its vent through
the piston passages and thus a certain elasticity is given to the blow. The piston
is brought back by the air cushion formed in the small cylinder r.
Figure 36 is a separate view of the stem of the vessel Figures 31 and 32 which
may be provided with two magnetic needles S and N which are united by chain or
wire rope as shown to which is conducted the electricity generated in the ship and
if the south pole needle is pushed out furthest the stem will normally point to the
south and if the north pole is pushed out furthest it will point north.
In Figure 37 is a sectional plan view of a small submarine vessel provided with
power transmission wheels W two and two and pawl levers acting as already
described. By this arrangement I get a clear central passage for the compressed
water pipe from stem to stern, and I make room for two persons to sit between two
central wheels W as shown separately in Figure 38. These wheels are mounted
loosely on a double cranked shaft or beam U as shown, and as this latter is free to
turn on its axis the persons will always sit upright whether the ship is in the hori-
zontal position at rest or in motion on in the slanting position rising up to the
surface of the water.
The power transmission wheels W may be connected with electrical machines as
shown in Figure 39 where the shaft u on which the transmission wheel W is fixed
passes through the tubular shaft v. On the interior of the wheel W is arranged
one part x of a dynamo machine and on the tubular shaft vis mounted a magnet
wheel y corresponding therewith. The wheel W is driven by seesaw directly or
indirectly; electricity will thus be produced and be accumulated in the conductors
Z Z¹ Z². From one of the latter the wheel m on the tubular shaft v is caused to
revolve and thus also the magnet wheel y.
Figure 40 represents the principle according to which the size of the trans-
mission wheels is to be determined. The wheel A is a loaded wheel with say
6 divisions and should be about 5 or 51/2 feet in diameter, the centre being so far
from the ground that the wheel can be conveniently loaded. It must be properly
balanced by auxiliary weights a as may be required The second size wheel B

page_text: should be so large that a man may conveniently sit in one hollowed out side
thereof. The third wheel B represents a transmission wheel for transport of men,
goods of all sorts especially frail goods, but also guns projectiles and other military
stores and is for this purpose made on the American swing principle so that
men or goods always hang vertically. These wheels should be as large the
practically possible.
Figure 41 shows a scesaw on which are mounted two receptacles A. A which
may serve as dwelling places. These are as large as convenient but made taper at
top and bottom for counteracting the air resistance. The air is drawn in at top
and forced out by openings below. The apparatus should be made to turn
according to the wind. To avoid the axial friction air pumps B are applied which
are worked up and down by the seesaw.
The air compressed by the pumps is
used as source of power. CC are magnets which repel corresponding magnets on
the underside of the vessels A. In this wise all the hindering influences viz. air
resistance, wind resistance, friction and earth magnetism are counteracted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First: The mode described for employing revolving and swinging animated or
not animated loads while utilizing air or water pressure and electricity for the
transport of themselves and of other loads and as source of power generally,
in that a greater load such as a vossel for storage or dwelling is utilized substan-
tially as set forth.
Second-The means described for transmitting motion viz. the seesaw, swings,
the pawl levers, the transmission wheels provided with grooved parts and tappets,
the tooth racks and toothed or grooved wheels, cam wheels and India rubber tyre
wheel, screw propeller shaft and grooved disc wheels, revolving air or water pipes
with the means for driving same, the seesaw and air pumps, the hollow carriage
wheels for air and water jets and the electrical transmission wheel combination, all
operating substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.
Third-The construction of carriage, sleigh, ship and submarine ship, substan-
tially as described.