matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM OR WATER ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Goodfellow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 11th August
1862.
I, JACOB GOODFELLOW, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM OR WATER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved modes of regulating the supply of steam
or fluid to the cylinder, and cutting it off at any portion of the stroke. Instead
of a stationary lap at each side of the valve, I employ moveable laps connected
together but capable of being adjusted to any required distance apart,
according to the power the engine is required to exert. The aforesaid laps
are moved to and fro so as to form an aperture to the port and cut off at any.
portion of the stroke either by the movement of the slide itself or by means of
a screw, cam, or other contrivance. I also employ moveable laps. to surface
valves in general, so that by moving the laps less power is required to work
the valve.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Robert Humphrey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
September 1862.
I, CHARLES ROBERT HUMPHREY, of the Firm of Humphrey and Hasler, of
69, Old Street, St. Luke's, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers and
Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
One of my improvements in printing machinery consists in the mode of
raising, guiding, and lowering the printing roller during the backward and
forward motion of the horizontal table. For this purpose I employ a pin
projecting from one end of the printing roller, which pin, as the roller revolves,
is caused to take into a curved slot or guide fixed on one of the upright
brackets which carry the bearings of the axis of the printing roller, and as
the pin advances up this curved slot or guide, the printing roller is raised and
guided out of gear with the horizontal table, and when the pin arrives at the
highest point of this curved slot or guide it is caused to remain there until tho
horizontal table arrives at a certain relative position, when it is lowered
down vertically and into gear again with the table. With this arrangement
for raising, guiding, and lowering the printing roller the bearings of the axis
of the said roller bave a reciprocating vertical motion imparted to them, and
the result of the improvement is, that the machine is caused to register with
greater accuracy than hitherto.
The other improvement consists in an arrangement for guiding the hori-
zontal table more accurately than heretofore. For this purpose, I form the
rails which carry the rollers upon which the table moves with a vertical

page_text: flango either on their outer or inner side, which flanges work against pro-
jections or ribs on the under side of the table, and thus act as guides to
prevent any lateral movement of the table. These compound guide rails are
fixed on the cross framing of the machine by means of bolts passing through
slots, or in any other suitable manner, so as to be capable of adjustment when
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,, on the 20th March
1862. A communication from abroad by Mr. Antoine Auguste Mollard,
of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Merchant.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of soft potash soap or hard soda
soap with a sulphurous base, which soaps may be used with advantage in a
the ordinary applications of soap, and especially as a medical soap to be used
for diseases of the skin. By the term sulphurous base, I simply wish to
imply that sulphurous matters are mixed with ordinary soaps. The sulphu-
rous matters which I employ for mixing with the soaps are especially those
of organic origin, termed glairine or barégine, deposited by certain natural
waters. I also mix sulphurous matters produced by chemical processes, which
matters are analogous to the glairine and barégine, as regards their composi-
tion, properly so called. To manufacture these improved soaps I intimately
mix the said glairine or barégine matters with the soap paste; I then mould
it in an exactly similar manner as when making pure soaps. I may apply
the sulphurous matters in any suitable proportions to the soap paste, according
to the purpose for which it is intended. For toilet soap I add three or four
per cent. of sulphurous matters, and an increased amount when the soap is to

page_text: be used for medicinal purposes. I sometimes also employ and mix with soaps
any other matters deposited by natural or mineral waters, such as salts of iron,
or magnesia, arsenious, and other acids, whether mucilaginous or not, and
whether of a sulphurous or other nature. Thus I add to the paste of soaps
with bases of soda or potash natural sulphur (either pulverized, sublimated,
or precipitated), or alkaline sulphurets of all degrees of sulphuration; I also
use sulphites, hyposulphites, organic matters containing sulphur, and all other
sulphurous products existing naturally in sulphurous waters, or that may be
extracted from salts or from deposits contained in ores, or capable of pro-
duction artificially. In certain cases I neutralize by any known means the
excess of alkaline base, which might result from the introduction of the
alkaline, natural, or other sulphurets in the soap paste. These improved
soaps may be made into bars or cakes, or into paste or powder, and may be
used for all the ordinary purposes in which soaps are employed, and also
as a medicament for diseases of the skin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Petrie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1862.
I, JOHN PETRIE, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Ironmonger,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that construction of machine for washing for which
Letters Patent were granted to John Petrie, junior, and Samuel Taylor,
bearing date 11th January 1853, No. 75, and consists in a method of driving
the endless apron. For this purpose I provide the said apron with a series of
teeth or projections, in gear with which is a toothed roller situate between the
two end rollers, and these end rollers, therefor, I can use of a smaller
diameter than would be necessary if they were the drivers. The above-
mentioned toothed roller may be in gear with the apron on the upper and
lower sides thereof, or on one side only.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HANSOM CABS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rimmer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th November
1862.
I, JOHN RIMMER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Coach Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HANSOM CABS," to be as follows:-
The main objects of this Invention are to prevent or reduce to a minimum
jolting and vibration of the "body" and shafts and parts thereto attached of
Hansom cabs, and to bring the horse nearer to the "body" of such Hansom
cabs than has been practicable hitherto, and thus make them easier of traction
or movement. To the "body" of the cab close to the heel board I fasten a
pillar or spindle, which I carry upwards through the curved or otherwise
formed hind part of the shafts, or through or between a shoulder or shoulders
an eye or eyes, or their equivalents, thereto attached. On the said pillar or
spindle I place one, two, or more helical or spiral springs, part of which are
below and part above the shafts or shoulders or eyes thereon, and a sufficient
number of nuts and washers or other arrangements for keeping the said springs
in their places. The shafts are jointed by a pin or otherwise to fixed or rigid
stays, so that when the tyre of the wheel passes over a stone or anything above
the level of the road, or in to a rut or any place under the level of the road, the
joints allow the shafts to move and maintain the same relative position to the
horse, and the helical or spiral springs above and below the ends of the shafts
receive the shock, and relieve the "body" of the yehicle from the sudden jolt

page_text: and subsequent vibration so disagreeable in all Hansom cabs now made. The
rigid stays to which the shafts are jointed or coupled do not require, when
helical or spiral springs such as I have already described as used, to be carried
so far forward as in those Hansom cabs where springs are not used, nor as in
those with long flat springs, consequently the horse can be brought back close
to the "bow" of the shafts and to the " "body."
The other parts of Hansom cabs may be of the usual or any known con-
struction, yet I prefer that form with "Brougham fronts," manufactured by
myself, as a more equable balance or adjustment can be made for com-
paratively light and heavy loads, both in going up and down hill and on a level
roadway.
A COMPOSITION TO BE USED ON THE BOTTOMS OF SAILING VESSELS AND STEAMERS FOR THE PREVENTION OF BARNICLE AND OTHER MATTER ADHERING THERETO WHILE EMPLOYED IN SEA WATER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Wilkie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th February
1862.
I, DAVID WILKIE, of No. 15, Great Hermitage St., Wapping, E., do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A COMPOSITION TO BE USED
ON THE BOTTOMS OF SAILING VESSELS AND STEAMERS FOR THE PREVENTION OF
BARNICLE AND OTHER MATTER ADHERING THERETO WHILE EMPLOYED IN SEA WATER,"
to be as follows:-
The composing to be used is made from the seaweed commonly call'd sea-
tanglo or wreck, likewise a fluid extracted from haddock or other fish, to be
amalgamated into one fluid or body.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSES FOR EXTRACTING LIQUIDS FROM VARIOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Birkbeck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
June 1862. A communication from abroad by Jean Joseph Requier,
retired Naval Officer, and Eugène Genestal, late Magistrate, both of
Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, GEORGE HENRY BIRKBECK, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck, of 34,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agents & Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSES FOR EXTRACTING LIQUIDS FROM
VARIOUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of presses
for extracting the juice or liquids from various substances, such as beetroot,
oleaginous seeds, fruits, grapes, or other materials from which liquids can be
expressed or extracted. For this purpose the body of the press in which the
substances to be pressed are placed, is so constructed that the use of bags or
strainers may be dispensed with. This part of the press is of cylindrical or
other suitable form, with perforated sides enclosed by a strong ribbed frame,
and closed by a moveable bottom, which during the operation of pressing is
fixed in position, and being also perforated, allows the liquid to pass away as
the pressure is applied. The perforated bottom is by preference supported by
a plate with channels to conduct the liquid to a central orifice. When the

page_text: pressure of the piston is released the moveable bottom can be readily with-
drawn sideways by means of a screw, lever, or other mechanical means, and the
cake or residue of the pressed substance can then be readily discharged from
the bottom of the press on to a platform or into a suitable receptacle or
carriage placed below to receive and remove it, thus saving considerable time
in this operation. It is preferred to make the holes or perforations in the
pressing chamber of conical shape, or tapering from the inside to a larger
orifice outwards, the whole being enclosed by a suitable casing (hinged or
otherwise attached) to prevent the liquid from escaping, and to conduct it to
the discharge passage, this arrangement also affording great facilities for
cleaning the apparatus when required. For large presses of this description
hydraulic pressure is employed, but for presses of small dimensions a screw
or lever may be used for actuating the piston and imparting pressure
thereto.
A BAIN ABSORBER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. Florentin Delmas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
October 1862.
I, FLORENTIN DELMAS, of 9, Cloak Lane, in the City of London, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A BAIN ABSORBER,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a band formed of sponges, and is intended to
prevent the rain running down from hats, caps, umbrellas, and other articles
round which it is placed, and to protect the bearer or persons near him from
water pouring down therefrom. The dripping rain is completely absorbed by the
sponges of which the absorber is formed. When filled with water the absorber
can be removed with facility without taking off the hat, and the water being
pressed out the absorber can be immediately replaced. The veil may be
attached to the band when put round ladies' hats or bonnets. The umbrella
can be closed and the water pressed out in an instant. When the rain is over
the absorber will be found exceedingly useful in sponging and drying the hats,
caps, and other coverings for the head, and with moderate care the same
absorber will last a long time. Its price is very economical. This absorber
is formed either of uncovered sponges or of sponges covered and connected
by any kind of tissue or textile fabric. The sponges themselves are united
by a tissue or one or more cords, elastic or not, passing through or round the
sponges, these uniting substances being gutta percha, indian-rubber, leather of

page_text: any kind, wool, cotton, flax or hemp, silk, or any fibrous or vegetable or
other material.
Having described this Invention to obviate the annoyance resulting from
rain pouring down from hats, caps, umbrellas, and other coverings for the
head, and explained the manner of carrying it into effect, I claim protection
for it for any further modification thereof whereby the same object or
advantages may be obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC WIRE FENCING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Gardilanne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1862.
I, PAUL GARDILANNE, of Dax, in the Department of the Landes, in the
Empire of France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC WIRE
FENCING," to be as follows:-
The idea of using metal fencing, whether for railway, agricultural, or
private purposes, has long been entertained, but it has not been carried out
with adequate advantage from the cost of manufacture. Metal fencing,
woven or twisted by machinery, with simple or double button (or stud), and
with simple and double wire chain offers great strength and solidity, and the
cost of manufacture is so trifling that it adds little to that of the raw material.
Machinery fixes equally and as solidly a lath of one twenty-fifth part of an
inch as of one-eighth of an inch in thickness, the only difference in cost being in
the quantity of raw material used. The lath is composed of a strip of hoop iron
pointed at top and cut out at bottom, to which are fixed one or more buttons,
double or single. These buttons (one of which to each lath will suffice, but
the number of which on each lath may be increased,) project on the flat part
of the lath, and the wire lodges during its torsion between the lath and the
head of the button. By the ordinary weaving machine the torsion or twisting
of the wire grasps or binds the lath on each side, whereas my system

page_text: consists in enveloping the neck of the button by one twist (either by a single
or double chain), the consequence is that the lath being grasped on either
side of the division, and held from top to bottom by the twist given at the
button, it cannot possibly get out of place. As many holes as may be desired
are pierced and cut out of the laths, which are then passed to a plate, where
the buttons are fitted. Thus prepared the laths are delivered to the weaving
machine. The weaving is effected by means of the single chain or warp
formed of two wires, and of the double chain formed by four wires, the one
and the other are twisted by machinery together with the lath and the button,
and the fencing (which is then made) rolls during the weaving round a
spindle. This fencing may be fixed or fitted on any description of posts or
uprights; but I propose to use a stake of cast iron, and cast it in an open
mould without other care in casting than to secure the level of the soil. I
cast my stake with three branches or forks at the foot, which, while assisting
in keeping the stake upright, also prevents its removal without laying open the
ground. Small tenons placed transversely from twelve to thirteen inches from
the foot of the stake, and about two inches above the level of the soil, prevent
swaying or shaking. The outer face of this stake or post requiring to be strong,
is broader than the inner face, whose edge is not so even (being the part cast
open), is provided with pins or other fastenings of wire to secure the lath in
position.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SINGLE AND DOUBLE BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Turner and William
Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 3rd July 1862.
We, THOMAS TURNER, Gun Manufacturer, of Fisher Street, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, and WILLIAM TAYLOR, Engineer and Machinist,
of Aston New Town, also in the said County, do hereby declare the nature
of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SINGLE AND DOUBLE
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
Our improvements in breech-loading fire-arms are applicable to the general
description of small arms, whether used for military or sporting purposes, double
or single barrelled, and consist in securing the stock and barrel together, and
opening the breech end by a lever secured on the one or both sides of the
breech end of the barrel or barrels, having a strap that extends back on the
top of the stock to the part that is encompassed by the hand of the user in
the act of discharging. The breech end of the barrel or barrels forms the
segment of a circle, the radius. of which is equal to the centre of the axis on
which the lever works, that portion of the lever that abuts against and secures
the breech being also of the same radius. On the inside or sides of the lever
that encompass the breech are dovetailed projections, and on the side of the
breech of the barrel or barrels (in connection) are dovetailed recesses, and
these being formed of the same curvature of which the axis before referred to
forms the centre, great strength is afforded for securing and holding the

page_text: surfaces for closing the breech end of the barrel in positive contact, and not
subject to any variation from the expansion of the metal while in use. In some
cases, more particularly when applying our Invention to double-barrelled guns,
we purpose so forming the lever that the parts that form the axis and the
projecting portion of the dovetailed joint, with the part that secures the breech
in two parts, uniting them together by a dovetailed joint, to the part of the
lever that extends back on the stock. This simple and efficient contrivance
admits the use of nipples for receiving the ordinary percussion caps, as the
means of discharging or for the use of the cartridges known as "French
cartridges."
IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBULOUS BOILERS, OR STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander William Williamson,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th January 1862.
I, ALEXANDER WILLIAM WILLIAMSON, Ph. D., F.R.S., of University
College, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBULOUS BOILERS, OR STEAM GENERATORS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of boilers or steam generators in which
the water to be evaporated is contained within a number of tubes or vessels
of small diameter, and the heat applied externally, such boilers or steam
generators, are usually denominated "tubulous," in contradistinction to boilers
or steam generators in which the heat is made to pass through the tubes,
which are surrounded by the water, and which are known as "tubular."
Instead of joining or connecting a number of detached tubes by means of
junction pieces or tubes screwed thereunto or otherwise fastened, I combine
a number of tubes or vessels by welding, brazing, or otherwise firmly or
solidly joining or massing them together so as to form a cellular sheet or leaf,
the sides of which present a corrugated surface, the tubes or passages being
parallel, and side by side longitudinally, may have lateral openings connecting
them together in various places along their length, and each cellular sheet or leaf
has a tube or vessel at each end having openings made therein for the purposes
of connecting the tubes or cellular passages therewith. The boiler or steam

page_text: generator is formed by combining together several of these tubulous or cel-
lular sheets or leaves with a space between, each forming passages for the
escape of the heated products of combustion. In some cases a larger vessel
may be connected with these sections, and above the water level so as to serve
as a reservoir of water and a steam chamber. I prefer to so arrange these
sheets or leaves (however made up or formed,) that their corrugated surfaces
take into each other, i. e., that the projections on the surface of one sheet
fall into the hollows of the next adjoining sheet, with only such a space
between as may be found necessary for. the passage of the heated gases, and
products of combustion. They may be arranged so that the passages may be
vertical or horizontal, and may be inclined in either direction, and they may
be arranged in sets of two or several in a set in advance of the next adjoining
set so as to form return flues or passages at their ends, and thereby increase the
length of distance to be travelled by the heated products of combustion on
their way to the chimney or outlet. The 'grate and the combustion of the
fuel thereon may either be within the boiler casing beneath or in front of the
vertical or horizontal arrangement of alternate sheets, or leaves, and spaces;
or the combustion of the-fuel may be effected in a separate furnace, vessel
or vessels connected with the boiler or generator, by means of a flue or flues.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS BY LACE MACHINERY, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crofts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd July 1862.
I, WILLIAM CROFTS, of New Lenton, near Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS BY LACE MACHINERY, AND IN THE MEANS OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to produce various ornamental effects in
fabrics by lace machinery.
I obtain a looped pile effect upon weaving or opaque work, and between or
upon pillars of fabric produced in twist laco machinery, by causing warp
threads to be looped around holding-out instruments, upon which such warp
threads are wound whilst they are being tied into the fabric by other warp and
the bobbin threads.
One method I employ for the production of such and other pile loopings, is
by the use of extra instruments, somewhat of the character of points, capable
of passing down between the points for the lapping or laying of the pile threads
thereon, and which have an oscillating or vibratory motion, so as to facilitate
and secure the formation of such loops. Adjusting means are applied to
regulate the extent of looping, and to aid in the withdrawal of the looping
instruments. Additional points are sometimes used to aid in placing the
threads on the looping instruments.
By another method I produce looped effects by the use of instruments

page_text: having motions in part with the points to act on the threads to be looped, to
push or hold such threads to the extent desired. When the loops have been
formed and tied in, the looping instruments recedo for the formation of fresh
loops.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Gregory at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1862.
I, JOSEPH GREGORY, of Wellington, in the County of Somerset, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in candlesticks. For theso
purposes, in order to hold candles of different sizes at different times securely
in the nozzle and socket of a candlestick, and yet not interfere with the candle
being raised therein, a grip or holder is applied within a suitable chamber or
recess in the upper part of the nozzle of the candlestick. It is preferred that
this grip should be formed in two parts or lever jaws, with a space between
them suitable to receive the smallest size of candle when the lever jaws are
closed. These lever jaws are capable of being separated more and more
according as it is required that a larger or larger candle should be held
between them. The lever jaws are pressed towards each other by a spring
or springs, so that a candle when held between is pressed on on both sides
by tho two lever jaws. Each of the two jaws turns on its own centre or axis.
One end of one of the jaws passes out to the exterior of the nozzle of the
candlestick so as to admit of its being moved a distance by the finger when
the two jaws are to be separated to admit of a candle being introduced
between them into the socket, and the lever jaws are so combined, that by
pressing the part of the one which protrudes, the other is also moved away so
as to enlarge the space or opening between the two jaws.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ELECTRO-THERMAL BATHS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Kingsman Cautley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1862.-A communication from abroad by Mark House,
of Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
I, RICHARD KINGSMAN CAUTLEY, of Thorney, in the County of Cambridge,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRO-THERMAL BATHS," a communication from Mark House, the
Inventor, of Cleveland, Ohio, United States, to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the novel construction and arrange-
ment of the parts of an electric bath, whereby the current of electricity is
more perfectly controlled, and more conveniently and advantageously applied
to the human body for the cure of disease.
The bathing tub employed is of a cylindrical or other convenient form, and
contains a non-conducting net basket or tray suitable for containing the body
of the patient. This basket rests upon an insulated support extending the
length of its base. Two revolving metal frames, similar to crank axles, with
their centre of motion in the centre of each end of the bathing tub, are con-
structed and arranged to rotate freely in the space between the sides of said
tub and basket without interfering with one another; the only obstacle to a
complete revolution being the aforesaid support. On the outside of each of
these frames a movable plate is fixed, insulated from the frame by an
insulating cone or conductor. These conductors or poles are charged with
electricity through wires connecting with the generator. Upon the end of a
short flexible conductor extending from each of these
poles a sponge is

page_text: attached. By rotating the frames and changing the position of the movable
plates on the frames, and consequently the two poles, the current of electricity
may be readily controlled or passed in any direction through the conducting
medium. When either of the poles are brought by the rotation of the frame
above the water-line the current will pass to the sponge, which can be readily
carried to the desired part of the body by the patient or attendant. One end
of the bottom of the net basket or tray is an incline to support the head of
the patient. Upon the under side of this incline is hinged a metallic plate
conductor, which is constructed so that the same may be brought in contact
with the said incline, or removed therefrom in order to regulate the degree of
intensity of the electric current passing upon the head and neck without
changing the quantity. This plate is supplied from the same generator as the
poles.
In the construction of this bath all the parts, whether movable or stationary,
except the electrodes, should be non conducting, or made so by insulation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Chapman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1862.
I, GEORGE CHAPMAN, of Edinburgh, in the County of Lothian, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of a mechanical
movement for effecting the removal of the cut crop from the platform of
reaping machines, and depositing it at the side of the machine. Under one
modification or system of arrangement, a square pillar or standard is fitted to
a convenient part of the platform of the reaping machine, and in the rear of
the cutter; this pillar is fitted with a slide, which traverses freely up and
down it. The slide is fitted with a laterally projecting stud, on which is
carried the lower end of the lever that extends upwards above the main pillar,
and is then bent at right angles so as to extend over the platform. To the
free extremity of the overhanging lever is attached a pendent rod, carrying at
its lower end a rake or flat blade. Motion is communicated to the over-
banging lever from any convenient moving part of the machine which is
suitable for driving a crank or other equivalent therefor. On the stud or axle
carrying the crank is a pendent lever, which has a bend formed in it at about
one-third of its length from the stud or axle on which it is centred. At this
part an eye is formed in the overhanging lever, and through this eye the bent

page_text: part of the lever passes, which serves as the connection of the two parts.
To the lower end of the pendent lever is fixed a laterally projecting rod, which
has a link at its outer extremity that encircles the rod carrying the rake.
With this arrangement when the crank is put in motion, the pendent lever
moves the rake laterally in a horizontal direction to a certain extent, which is
limited by the position of the bend. After reaching the extent of its traverse
in a lateral direction, the bent part of the lever acts as a fulcrum, by which
the overhanging lever is raised, carrying with it the rake, which moves in a
curved direction across the platform, and descends on the other side to the
point from whence it started. Thus the motion of the crank and the pendent
lever causes the main overhanging lever to rise and fall, and at the same time
traverse in a lateral direction, the slide on the pillar admitting of the vertical
these
motion, and the pendent lever regulating the lateral movement;
eccentric or compound movements causing the rake to traverse in an elliptical
path so as to sweep off the grain from the platform; the rake then rises out of
the way as another portion of the crop is being cut, descends on the other side,
and again clears the platform, and so on continuously. The details of
the arrangement may be modified in various ways to adapt it to the different
kinds of reaping machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF 'CRINOLINE' SKIRTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th November
1862. A communication from abroad by Henri Alexandre Révilion, of
Paris, France.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF 'CRINOLINE' SKIRTS," (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Henri Alexandre Révilion, of Paris,
France), to be as follows:-
In "crinoline" skirts, as usually made, the hoops or springs of steel are
passed through "slots" or "runnings," formed by ribbons or tapes extending
round the whole circumference of the skirt, so that there is great difficulty in
taking them out or replacing them. This inconvenience applies specially to
white skirts, which require frequent washing, but which are, nevertheless,
seldom washed on the above account.
The Inventor being employed specially in the manufacture of these skirts or
petticoats, has studied to make all the hoops moveable and independent, so
that they can be removed as often as may be necessary. For this purpose
the hoops are furnished at suitable distances with a small tape, having a
button-hole, which fixes on a corresponding button sewn on the petticoat.
Each of the hoops is thus retained by a certain number of buttons (or hooks
and eyes may be substituted), and to remove them it is only necessary to
unbutton or unhook them.
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR SCREENING FIRES IN STOVES AND GRATES WITH THE VIEW TO AVOID ACCIDENTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June.
1862.
I, HENRY BRIGHT, of Woodford, in the County of Essex, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS OR
ARRANGEMENTS FOR SCREENING FIRES IN STOVES AND GRATES WITH THE VIEW TO
AVOID ACCIDENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to providing stoves or grates with fire screens
or wirework, or arrangements of bars which are to be secured to such stoves
or grates by hinges, by hooks and catches, by hooks and eyes, or by other
means of securing the same to said stoves or grates, or to chimney-pieces, fire-
places, fenders, or the hearths or the walls near fire-places, so that the screen
or screening apparatus shall always be ready to hand and capable of being
applied to screen the fire when requisite in order that the use of the screen
may be more readily availed of, since it will be nigh at hand and ready for
use, and will not have to be sought for as is now too frequently the case;
hence accidents by fire will be more frequently avoided. The screen or
screening apparatus will be made either of wire or openwork, and caused to
wind upon a roller attached to the top of the stove or fire-place or to the
sides thereof, or even to the fender, or to the hearth, or the wall near the
same; or it will be made in parts hinged or looped together so as to fold up
and be kept against the sides or the bottoms or tops of the stoves or grates, or

page_text: fire-places; or it may be pushed up together like a bundle of rods; or it may
be drawn together like venetian blinds, or expanded or contracted in any other
manner, or drawn forwards or pushed back or pushed upwards or downwards, so
long as when not in use it can be packed away clear of the fire and yet when
required can be drawn over the fire, screening or guarding the same to prevent
accidents.
AN IMPROVED MODE OR DESIGN FOR PROVIDING EXTRA, SUPERIOR, OR BETTER ACCOMMODATION IN DOUBLE TENEMENT HOUSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Garthwaite at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1862.
I, ROBERT GARTHWAITE, of Eldon Street, Durham Road, Darlington, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OR
DESIGN FOR PROVIDING EXTRA, SUPERIOR, OR BETTER ACCOMMODATION IN DOUBLE
TENEMENT HOUSES," to be as follows:-
The tenant occupying front house to enter from front street door into living-
room direct, having his own staircase and back passage from the living-room
into yard, having also a pantry under the stairs of occupier of back tenement.
The tenant of back house enters by a front street door into a passage leading
to his rooms, having a back door from living-room into yard, and a pantry
under the stairs of front tenement. My Invention or improvement thus is,
that both occupiers have distinct and separate accommodation at no greater
building cost, and occupying no less superficial area than the present mode
or plan of building such houses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WAX MATCHES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Childs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th April
1862.
I, JAMES CHILDS, of Victoria St., Pimlico, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WAX
MATCHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of Carnauba wax (a vegetable resin) in
the manufacture of what are known as wax matches. The Carnauba wax has
a very high melting point, is very hard, and can be used in larger or smaller
proportions with other materials, according to the climate for which the
matches are made and according to the hardness and melting point of the
materials with which it is combined. The proportion of Carnauba wax to be
used with good paraffine is one part by weight of Carauba wax to nine parts by
weight of paraffine, the paraffine to be such as is used in the manufacture of
the well-known paraffine candles of commerce. Wax matches by this process
are to be dipped into the igniting compound in the usual and well-known
manner.
AN IMPROVED RUNNER AND FASTENING FOR UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, SUN SHADES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugo Dullens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1862.
I, HUGO DULLENS, of 18, Little Britain, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED RUNNER AND
FASTENING FOR UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, SUN SHADES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of an improved runner and fastening for umbrellas,
parasols, sun shades, and other like articles. The improved runner is formed
with a rotating collar or ring, grooved and notched to receive the stretchers.
By the introduction of this rotating collar upon the runner, the latter can
be turned to any required position upon the stick without twisting the frame,
and thereby a simple fastening consisting of a small pin, stud, or screw, can
be substituted for the old spring catch at the top and bottom of the range of
the runner or the space it travels upon the stick when opening and closing
the frame. In the old plan a long deep groove had to be cut in the stick,
thereby materially weakening it at both extremities of the runners' path.
This is entirely dispensed with by the improvement here described. At each
end of the improved rotating runner I form a swell or enlargement of the tube
with a number of notches or openings; when the frame is open or closed the
pin, stud, or screw in the stick at the top or bottom, as the case may be, passes
into the swell or enlargement at the top or bottom of the runner through
one of the openings, and then a partial turn of the runner secures it in the
required position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING BUTTONHOLES AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Schofield and Silas
Schofield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 10th October 1862.
We, WILLIAM SCHOFIELD and SILAS SCHOFIELD, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in
the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Jewellers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
BUTTONHOLES AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
We make an apparatus working on a pivot, same as the ordinary scizzors
or shears, but instead of the two blades cutting by the edges, coming in
contact, we fix a knife at the extreme point of the upper part of the cutters,
making the said knife any suitable length, with a small tube at one end of it,
for the purpose of cutting or rounding the hole at the front end to receive the
shank of the button. The said knife is secured to the upper part of the
apparatus by set screws, which enable us to adjust or regulate it as required
when it becomes worn, or to take it out for the purpose of sharpening. At
the end of the bottom part of the cutters we make a slot and fix a guide or
guage to work in it, which is adjusted to the length required by means of a
graduated scale on the said guide, and when set to the proper length is secured
by a screw, so that all the holes will be cut the same length, and in addition to
the guide we place or fix another guide or guage with a stop or projection to
regulate the distance required from the edge of the material to be cut.

page_text: It is evident that for all kinds of wearing apparel, boots or shoes, saddlery,
and similar purposes, the holes can be cut to any required length, and all of
the same size, and a great saving of time will be effected in comparison with
the usual method of cutting holes with ordinary scizzors or shears.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Hastings, James
Freezer, and John Woods, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 18th February 1862.
We, JOHN HENRY HASTINGS and JAMES FREEZER, of Holkham, and JOHN
WOODS, junior, of Wells, all in the County of Norfolk, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as
follows:
This Invention relates to a double furrow plough, to be worked by two or
more horses according to the depth of work to be done, and so constructed as
to be capable of being set to any width or depth of work desired, and also of
being adapted as a subsoiler when required for that purpose. The handle of
the plough is similar in form and construction to that ordinarily employed, and
the beam is carried by standard or "loads" similar to those now in use. The
frame is made of wrought iron, the side pieces being connected together by
screwed rods, so as to be capable of being set to the desired width. A complete
plough is attached to each side of the frame, one being in advance of the other.
For ploughing turnip grounds, or other similar purposes, two "cast breasts or
plates" are used to turn the mould over, and for ploughing wheat stubbles
instead of the two "cast breasts" two wooden boards are used to leave the
mould open to the atmosphere as much as possible without turning it over.
For subsoiling the ground the foremost plough is removed from the frame and
a subsoil head is fixed on in its stead, such subsoil head being provided with
one or two points or cutting shares to enter the ground. The subsoil head is

page_text: intended to enter the first vacant furrow, and cut to the required depth of
earth when the hinder plough turns its furrow quite over the former in such
a manner that in the next "bout" the horses do not walk over the part
ploughed. There is also a three lever drag or rake which may be attached to
the frame, when required, for the purpose of bringing to the surface of the
ground twitch grass and other foul weeds of a like nature that may be in the
land.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE WORKING BY COMPRESSION AND EXPANSION OF AIR
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th November 1862.-A communication from abroad by Jules Bonnard,
of Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE
WORKING BY COMPRESSION AND EXPANSION OF AIR," (a communication to me from
abroad by Jules Bonnard, of Paris, France, to be as follows:-
In the accompanying Drawing, forming part of this my Provisional Specifi-
cation, Figure 1 is a front view of the machine. A, A', main cylinder placed
above a fire-box; B, double-action compression cylinder, surrounded with
water at I, and sending compressed air into the cylinder A, A¹, by the pipe D;
F, fire-box; at J is an opening by which the warm air which has escaped is
brought beneath the grate; W, fly wheel; T, receiving drum; K, turn plate
fixed to the shaft; M, crank; N, N, double horse-shoe. To cause the
machine to work properly the pressure must be constant. R, P, represents
the pressure regulator; P is the hand pump; m, a small spring pump, which
acts as a guage, and causes the play of the regulator R, P; l, p, lever;
c, c, c, jointed connecting rods; a, broken rod. At Figure 2, E indicates
valve or slide box for distribution. This air after having expanded in the
main cylinder goes into the fire-place or the chimney. e, eccentric for
distribution; e, 7, lever which transmits the motion given to it by the eccentric

page_text: to the slide or valve box. Figure 2¹, geometrical plan of Figure 2. R, R¹, R",
moveable plates or blades; L, R, joint connecting them; B, R, fulcrum;
O, obturator for warm air; V, V¹, (Figure 1',) cold air obturator; J, J',
escape pipes. The Figure 1) shews the part forming transmission for
obturating the cold air. Figure 3 indicates the position of the working
cranks and of the feeding crank; and Figure 3¹, the eccentric. To set the
machine at work, air is compressed in the pipe D, by means of the small
force pump P, and when the interior temperature of the cylinder A, A¹,
indicated by the thermometer placed within is sufficiently raised, this .com-
pressed air penetrates into the cylinder A, A', expands as it becomes heated,
and causes one of the pistons to rise during this half turn; the compression
piston of the cylinder B compresses the air required for the second turn, which
is effected in a similar manner to the first, and so on continuously. To stop the
working it is only necessary to lower the distributing slide or valve box by
means of the screw y, and thus permit all the air to escape from the main or
driving cylinder.