matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kerr at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1879.
JAMES KERR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Rolling-
stock and Permanent-way Contractor. IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS."
"
This Invention has for its object the constructing of tramways in an improved
and simple manner; and it consists according to one modification in substituting
for the ordinary combinations of rails and sleepers, simple rails or sleeper-rails
resembling what is known as the "bridge" rail in cross-section, but havinga
groove along the top for the flanges of the tram-car wheels.
The improved tramway is made of steel or wrought iron by rolling; and one
modification is in cross-section of a form having at the top the tread or wheel-
bearing surface, the usual groove, and the guard or inner rib; whilst at the sides
there are deep webs having horizontal or nearly horizontal base flanges or webs
projecting outwards along their bottom edges. The side webs may be vertical, or
they may be slightly inclined so as to be wider apart at their bottoms; and they
may be straight or more or less curved, a curvature giving a wide base being in
some cases adopted instead of base flanges. Openings may be formed through the
side webs or base webs or both for introducing cement or packing material. The
side webs are made deep enough to admit of the paving stones being placed close
to them and above the base webs. The rails are to be laid upon concrete or other
suitable foundation; and concrete or other cement or packing material may be
filled in between the side webs and to a limited depth above the base webs. The
lengths of rail may be connected together by ordinary fish plates or by means of
joint shoe plates, the latter consisting each of a plate extending a sufficient
distance beneath the adjacent rail ends at a joint, and having its lateral edges
turned over to clip the base webs or flanges of the rails. Or instead of a single
shoe plate at each joint, there may be a pair of clip plates secured along each side.
The groove along the top of the rail may be varied in section or form to suit
different forms of wheel tire, including a shallow concavity of the full width of the
rail or nearly so, also a shallow concavity with a small deeper groove along the
middle of it, and also a flat top with a small groove along the middle of it. The
groove may be formed or partly formed in the rolling process, or it may be formed
or finished by subsequently planing it; and the rail may be rolled at once with
the side webs and base webs in their final positions relatively to the top or the
side webs or base webs, or both may be brought to their finished forms
subsequently.

page_text: In another modification the rail of a general form like what is hereinbefore
described is built up of three rolled pieces by angle-iron pieces to form base flanges
being rivetted to the vertical webs formed on the top part. These angle-iron base
_pieces may be fixed entirely along the rail, or they may be applied in short lengths
at intervals.
SELF-ACTING MULES AND TWINERS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Doleman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st April 1879.
THOMAS DOLEMAN, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster.
SELF-ACTING MULES AND TWINERS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My improvements in self-acting mules and twiners consist in having a double
acting click motion on tin or other roller shaft, the first action being to back the
yarn off the spindles; and second, to prevent the follower rising quicker than the
roller turns. By doing this the yarn is prevented from getting slack and causing
snarls, which would otherwise take place if the follower rises quicker than the
roller turns. The same click takes hold of the click wheel and holds it back, and
they both wind up together. The follower having the quicker motion causes the
second action. To effect this I apply a fast pulley on the backing off snail, and
then apply a bracket on the tin roller step over the centre of the pulley. Two
straps or bands are applied, and one end of each bolted to the bracket that is over
the pulley. One of these straps or bands is then applied round one side of the
pulley and the other round the other side. The two are then bolted together under
the pulley, this being for prevention of friction. From the tin roller shaft that
runs through the backing off snail I apply a weighted lever inside the square; I
then connect the bottom ends of the straps or bands to the relieving end of the
lever. This lever is applied to get twitch friction. In order to prevent the locking
off snail from turning back when the mule is going up I apply a connecting rod,
one end being applied to the relieving end of the lever and the other to the boot
leg or the stud that the loose pulley is on. The backing off chain goes round this
pulley. The connecting rod is for the purpose of taking all friction off the pulley
that is on the backing off snail when the follower is rising, backing off, and carriage
coming out.
A NEW (OR IMPROVED) MACHINE FOR MITREING WOOD MOULDINGS AND FILLETS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bowman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1879.
WILLIAM BOWMAN, of 14, Austin Road, Battersea Park Road, Battersea, in the
County of Surrey. "A NEW (OR IMPROVED) MACHINE FOR MITREING WOOD
MOULDINGS AND FILLETS."
A machine having two sides, with four grooves in each side, two of the said
grooves being on the right and two on the left of each side, and forming a right
angle standing at an angle of 45 degrees from the bottom or sole, the sides being
screwed to the botton and held together at top by means of two bolts and nuts,
the sides having (in addition to the grooves) holes to receive the spindles of a cog
wheel and a cog wheel with lever attached; in the grooves forming right angles are
placed two steel cutters with slots to screw on to back irons which are placed in
grooves parallel to cutters; the back irons are fitted with cogs or teeth which fit in
cog wheels.
to the
By raiseng the lever the wheels are put in motion, and the two cutters are raised
in opposite directions and at an angle of 45 degrees from the bottom, when the
moulding or fillet being inserted and the lever pressed down the two cutters will
meet, mitreing the moulding to the requiard length and at the same time mitreing
the piece it cuts off.
BITTERS' TO BE USED AS A MEDICINAL, OR OTHER BEVERAGE."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Davis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th December 1879.
HENRY DAVIS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
'BITTERS' TO BE USED AS A MEDICINAL, OR OTHER BEVERAGE."
"AN IMPROVED
My Invention relates to the manufacture of a "bitters" to be used as a medicinal
or other beverage to act as a tonic, or beverage conducive to digestion, or an
appetising beverage.
My Invention consists in the application and use of the Indian shrub or plant
known as chiretta, from which I obtain an infusion which when qualified with
ginger essence, or its equivalent, fortified with brandy or suitable spirit, and fined
by passing through flannel and fullers' earth filters, and by the addition of milk
produces a tonic bitters of very great value to persons suffering from impaired
digestion and loss of appetite. The bitters can be taken by the most delicato
constitutions, and one of its chief merits is that it does not destroy the flavour or
bouquet of any liquid it is mixed with unless added in excess. For ordinary
purposes four drops of the bitters (made from the underwritten proportions) to a
wine glass full of the liquid in which it is taken will be found sufficient. The
bitters can be taken with sherry and other like wines, gin and other like spirits.
Those suffering from liver complaint or impaired digestion can with advantago
take four drops of the bitters in a wineglass full of water before breakfast.
An infusion according to my Invention may consist of ten pounds of chiretta to
thirty gallons of water, boiled and infused until the water has extracted the full
bitter properties of the chiretta. To this infusion is added, according to desire,
about one gallon of essence of ginger; the liquid is then fortified in the usual way
by brandy or plain spirit, and is fined by passage through flannel bags filled with
fuller's earth, and milk is added as required to clarify the mixture.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR CONNECTING TUBES OR PIPES TO TAPS OR VALVES OF WATER SUPPLIES, ALSO SUITABLE AS ▲ UNION, AND FOR MAKING OTHER CONNECTIONS TO WATER PIPES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Royle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th March 1879.
JOHN JAMES ROYLE, of 71, Market Street, Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Mechanical Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR CONNECTING
TUBES OR PIPES TO TAPS OR VALVES OF WATER SUPPLIES, ALSO SUITABLE AS ▲
UNION, AND FOR MAKING OTHER CONNECTIONS TO WATER PIPES."
In performing my Invention, for instance, as applied to connecting a flexible
tube to the bib of a tap or valve of a water supply pipe for watering gardens,
cleaning windows, washing carriages, and other analagous purposes, I construct a
casing to be affixed at the end of the flexible tube, and which is provided with an
orifice or mouth to be slipped on to the bib or nose of the tap or valve, and with a
chain for slinging or holding the same in position, and inside this casing I apply a
cupped (by preference) india-rubber washer, similar to the cupped leathers used for
packing the stuffing boxes of hydraulic presses. This cupped washer being acted
upon by the pressure of water serves to make a perfectly tight joint without the
assistance of the usual screwed or ground in parts, and thus affords facility for
making a rapid connection to the existing fittings in a household without requiring
any alteration of or addition to such fittings.
Instead of the pressure being exercised upon the india rubber washer by the
water such pressure may be obtained by a screw or other clip acting upon the outside
of such washer; or the inside of the casing may be arranged with a tapered india
rubber or other suitable lining, and be tightened up against the mouth of the tap
or valve by a screw clamp.
It will be obvious that this arrangement of joint is equally applicable in the con-
struction of unions, and for making permanent connections to water pipes.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Farrar and John Wood
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1879.
GEORGE HENRY FARRAR and JOHN WOOD, both of Oldham, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE
POWER."
This Invention consists of an apparatus to be applied to a steam engine or other
first mover to increase the power derived therefrom without in any way losing
speed.
The apparatus is constructed as follows:-The crank shaft or principal driving
shaft of the engine or other first mover is prolonged, and is provided with an
additional crank having an increased throw or sweep. Parallel with this shaft
(and by preference upon a level therewith) we mount a second crank shaft provided
with a crank of a diminished throw (say, for example, about one sixth that of the
former one) the two cranks being opposite to each other.
Beneath these two cranks we mount a lever so that one end thereof is beneath
each crank, the fulcrum being so placed between the two that the arm of the lever
beneath the long crank shall be (say) six times that of the arm beneath the short
crank, and we connect each crank to its respective arm of the lever by means of a
connecting rod. By this arrangement the two cranks work simultaneously and
their shafts revolve at the same speed and in the same direction, but as one crank
is connected to one end of the lever and the other crank to the other end of the
same, it follows that one crank must be descending whilst the other is ascending,
and vice versa; the one crank is therefore set one half a revolution in advance of the
other, so that when one is at the top of its stroke the other is at the-bottom:
Upon each shaft is mounted a pulley, and these pulleys are of the same diameters
and are connected together by means of an endless band or strap, which assists in
carrying the cranks over the dead point
The power is applied from the secondary crank shaft, and it will be evident that
this revolves at the same speed as the main driving shaft, but as it is actuated by
the short arm of the lever whilst the power of the first crank shaft is applied to the
long arm thereof, it follows that the power is increased nearly six fold, after making
due allowance for the increased friction.
IN AND RELATING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hays Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the the 24th October 1879.
JOHN HAYS WILSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
IN AND RELATING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention has for its object improvements in and relating to the manufacture
of iron and steel.
According to my Invention I place in the crucible, cupola, or such furnace as the
metal may be melted in, a quantity of borax and saltpetre in suitable proportions
which will vary according to the quality of the steel required.
I also use muriate of ammonia in the refining of iron, which is blown in the form
of a fine powder into the cupola or furnace, so that it comes in contact with the
molten metal.
PRODUCING OR MANUFACTURING INK."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st September 1879.
JOHN TAYLOR, of Southport, in the County of Lancaster.
PRODUCING OR MANUFACTURING INK."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention has for its object the production or manufacture of indelible ink
adapted for marking linen or for other purposes, and consists in mixing and
applying the following ingredients in the approximative quantities, and in the
inanner hereinafter described:- a, 15 parts by measure of a cold saturated aqueous
solution of cupric chloride (saturated at 15° centigrade); b, 20 parts by measure
of a cold saturated aqueous solution of chloride of aniline (saturated at 15°
centigrade); c, 20 parts by measure of water (15° C.); d, 50 parts by measure of an
aqueous solution of gum arabic (1 part by weight of gum arabic to 2 parts by
weight of water at 15° C.; e, 2 parts by measure of glycerine; f, finely powdered
potassium chlorate. In mixing the ingredients I prefer to add (a) to (b), then (c),
then (d), then (e), and when the whole has been well shaken to add powdered
potassium chlorate in sufficient quantity to saturate at 15° C.; the compound
solution formed by (a) (b) (c) (d) (e). After writing the so obtained ink is at
first slate-colored, but on warming gently it becomes black.
MENTS IN LADIES' DRESS HOLDERS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Edward Lilley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1879.
JOSEPH EDWARD, LILLEY, of Brixton Road, in the County of Surrey.
MENTS IN LADIES' DRESS HOLDERS."
"IMPROVE-
According to my Invention I arrange a bolt or bar to slide in a boss or bosses on
a frame; one end of this bar is formed with a head or plate, and the frame is
formed with a corresponding head or plate; the part of the dress is held between
the two and retained by means of a spring, the sliding bar being formed with
teeth or notches; when the spring is withdrawn the dress is released and the bar
is free to move as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING AND COLLECTING THE ASHES AND CINDERS FROM ORDINARY HOUSEHOLD FIRES AND OTHER FIREGRATES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John White at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1879.
JOHN WHITE, of 5, South Crescent Chambers, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, and of -Widnes, in the same County. “IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING
AND COLLECTING THE ASHES AND CINDERS FROM ORDINARY HOUSEHOLD FIRES
AND OTHER FIREGRATES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Grates are frequently made with very close spaces to allow nothing but ashes
to pass, but this deadens the fire, while if on the contrary the bars are wide apart
large quantities of cinders fall through and are lost.
Now my Invention is designed to prevent nothing but ashes and extremely
small stuff falling into the ash pan, while at the same time the bars are kept wide
enough apart and the fire open. It consists in placing a second grate or grid
directly on the ash pan pierced with only narrow spaces. This grate rests on the
ash pan (which is fixed or fits into the hearth), and the two handles of the ash pan
rise up through it. The ashes fall through, but the cinders remain on top and can
be thrown back into the fire. The secondary grate or grid acts as a lid to the
ash pan, so that it can be carried off bodily without dust and the ashes transferred
to-the-ash-closet. Instead of the two handles, simple pins or bolts could be
attached to the one article and fall into or project into holes in the other, and the
ash pan could be carried by side handles. One of the main points of my Inven-
tion is the combination of the grid and receiver below to contain the ashes and
carry them off to the ash closet without re-shipping.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EMERY CLOTH OR PAPER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Shuff at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th August 1879.
WILLIAM SHUFF, of Bath, in the County of Somerset. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF EMERY CLOTH OR PAPER."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of emery
cloth or paper.
Hitherto in manufacturing emery cloth or paper it has been customary to prepare
only one side of the sheet leaving the other side plain and therefore perfectly
useless and thus necessarily involving great waste of material. Now in order to
obviate these disadvantages, I prepare such reverse side of each sheet of paper or
cloth in a similar manner as the front surface thereof, viz., by brushing over such
reverse surface with liquid glue and then sifting emery powder thereon, so that
when the emery cloth or paper has been used on one side, it can be reversed and
re-used on the other side.
If desired I make such reverse surface of a different grain either finer or coarser
as may be preferred.
By this means not only is the emery cloth or paper rendered reversible but its
durability and utility are greatly increased.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HORSE SHOES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1879. A communication from
abroad by Johann Stolberg, Carl Steldt, and Fritz Seligmann, all three of
Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solictors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HORSE SHOES." A communication from abroad by Johann Stolberg, Carl
Steldt, and Fritz Seligmann, all three of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
The Invention has for its object the construction of an elastic horse shoe, fastened
to the hoof without nails, and consists in attaching to the hoof a thick plate made
of cotton, hemp, or other strong and elastic vegetable fibre, entwined or woven into
a plate of about the thickness of the horse shoe, boiled or steeped in suitable resinous
substance, such as a mixture of asphalt, varnish, and chalk, and subsequently
pressed to a hard but elastic inass, said mass being glued or attached to the hoof by
a mixture of asphalt and dissolved vulcanite or by other suitable binding
substance, and further secured by a strap and accessories constructed as follows:
The strap is let with its centre into the back of the plate or shoe and provided at
its ends with buckles to which are attached the ends of a strap enclosing the sides
and the front of the hoof. Into the upper surface of the plate, and nearly normal
to the circumference of the same, are let two movable strips or bands of metal,
forming an angle to each other and meeting in the centre line of the shoe, where
they are firmly rivetted together after the shoe has obtained the desired form. The
outer ends of these bands are bent up over the hoof and each provided with a hole
into which enters the hooked end of a metallic band fixed with a pin or rivet to
the front strap of the hoof and connecting the same with the said bands or sole
plates. The front of the shoe is provided with a metal toe projecting over the hoof
so as to prevent the plate from receding.
AN IMPROVED 'HORSE' OR DEVICE FOR SECURING THE SHEETS OF FORE AND AFT SAILS TO THE DECK
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Arber Ray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1879.
ROBERT ARBER RAY, of Grimsby, in the County of Lincoln.
AN IMPROVED
'HORSE' OR DEVICE FOR SECURING THE SHEETS OF FORE AND AFT SAILS TO THE
DECK."
My Invention relates to an improved "horse" for securing the sheets of fore and
aft sails to the deck, which is inexpensive, not liable to get out of order, simple,
and extremely snug, as compared with the ordinary "horse," which occupies
considerable deck-room. This improved "horse" is more particularly intended for
yachts, cutters, fishing smacks, and other vessels of similar class.
It consists of a hollow cylindrical casting bolted to the deck of the vessel in the
line of the keel, through the centre of which passes a vertical stem or bolt forked
at its upper end to receive the shackle of the sheet block, which is secured thereto
by a cross pin. The other end of the stem or bolt terminates in a head provided
with a nut and washer, which takes a bearing upon india-rubber blocks contained
within the cylinder. The top of the cylinder is also covered by a disc of india-
rubber, through which the forked end of the stem projects. A partition is placed
in the interior of the cylinder at mid-depth, above and below which the springs are
placed in order to prevent the forcing of them out by the strain. With this device
the rigidity of the ordinary "horse" is entirely avoided, as the springs not only
give to a lateral or perpendicular pull, but to both combined, no matter at what
height the boom may be above the deck, or the angle it may make with the keel.
In this manner the risk of carrying anything away in jibbing or going about is
considerably reduced.
MENTS IN TRAPS FOR RATS AND OTHER VERMIN."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Cameron at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1879.
ROBERT CAMERON, of Overton, Frodsham, in the County of Chester.
MENTS IN TRAPS FOR RATS AND OTHER VERMIN."
" IMPROVE-
The
This Invention consists essentially in a round polygonal or other shaped barrel,
tank, or box, having at or near the centre a firm standard or support near the level
of its upper surface. On this the bait is placed. From all round the outside
project valves or sectional lids towards this centre. These lids are hinged and
supported by springs, levers, counterweights, or their mechanical equivalents in
such manner that any light animal walking on them causes them to tip up or give
way and deposit the animal below, immediately closing again for fresh use.
kind of spring is immaterial, but I at present prefer a long thin blade, as less likely
to get out of order or fill up the space required to contain the rats or other animals.
This blade passes up near the side of the box and along each lid. The apparatus
need not necessarily be circular, it can be rectangular if desirable, and with valves
on one or both sides of the bait. If on one side only, the bait side is placed against
a wall or other obstruction to prevent the vermin getting at it except across the
valves.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES OR RECEPTACLES FOR CON- TAINING MATCHES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brookes and Thomas Pountney
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1879.
HENRY BROOKES and THOMAS POUNTNEY, both of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick.. * CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES OR RECEPTACLES FOR CON-
TAINING MATCHES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES."
Our Invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in the con-
struction of boxes or receptacles for safely storing matches, one feature of novelty
and utility being the production of a single match when required for use, the others
remaining secreted.
We will now describe our Invention:-We adopt a base plate or pedestal carrying
two vertical standards or pillars; upon these ascend and descend the receptacle
containing the matches, this said receptacle having at its ends a tube corresponding
in form to the standards. The two sides of this receptacle in form are elliptical,
having two slots or apertures, one at the top and the other at the base; in the latter
is arranged a plate, secured to the base or pedestal between the standards or pillars,
the upper edge of which is arranged with toothed segments for receiving the single
match. In depths this place corresponds with the receptacle. This receptacle, in
ascending to the top of the standards, secretes the matches, but charges the plate
with a single match; but upon the descending movement the said plate carries
through the body of watches contained the single one it has received, and exposes
it for use at the upper slot.
To the base is arranged a lip held in position by means of a spring. This is
employed for igniting the match, the mode of which is as follows:-The match
being placed under the lip, the spring with pressure will yield, but upon withdrawing
the same the power will become increased sufficient to cause ignition.
Although we have described our Invention as applied to a receptacle for matches,
its application is numerous, being valuable as a needle case, pin box, and other such
like purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING TEXTILE FABRICS INTO REQUIRED SIZES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by, Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th June 1879. A com-
munication from August Krause, of the Firm of August F. W. Krause, of
Wittenberge, in the Empire of Germany.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W.
von Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 12t, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING TEXTILE FABRICS INTO
REQUIRED SIZES." A cominunication from August Krause, of the Firm of August
F. W. Krause, of Wittenberge, in the Empire of Germany.
The Invention has for its object cutting fabrics into sheets of fixed lengths, and
is especially useful for the manufacture of sacks. It consists in carrying the fabric
by means of guide rollers upon a revolving measuring drum composed of an axle,
several arms or spikes supporting a number of longitudinal bars provided with pins
or other means for holding the fabric, one of said bars carrying a knife or knives,
which during every revolution of the drum passes a fixed adjustable knife, so as to
effect the cutting of the fabric. The length of the other spikes is made adjustable,
so that the circumference of the drum and thereby the piece cut off may vary to
any required length. In order to prevent the piece of fabric from being again seized
by the drum, it may be caught by an emery or sand roller, which is driven from
the drumshaft, and draws the cut off fabric away from the drum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING FOR STUFFING BOXES, GLANDS, PISTONS, AND OTHER PARTS OF STEAM ENGINES AND MACHINERY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wolff at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1879.
WILLIAM WOLFF, senior, of Berlin, Prussia.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING FOR
STUFFING BOXES, GLANDS, PISTONS, AND OTHER PARTS OF STEAM ENGINES AND
MACHINERY."
My Invention has for its object the manufacture and use of a packing composed
of a material or materials more capable of resisting heat and wear than in the
packing hitherto in use.
And my Invention consists in making the packing of silk waste formed into
ropes or bands, and of suitable section for insertion in grooves or cavities or of being
otherwise applied in the parts of machinery required to be packed.
In one form of my packing the heart is twisted like a rope and impregnated with
talc, the covering being braided.
In a second form the heart is the same as the foregoing but with a smooth
covering.
In a third form there is a twisted heart with a smooth covering and tale.
In a fourth form there is a twisted incombustible heart thoroughly impregnated
with glycerine both in the heart and the braided covering.
In a fifth form a twisted heart treated with glycerine and a braided covering of
silk waste.
In a sixth form a cabled heart of silk waste and externally of hemp with a
smooth covering.
And in a seventh form the whole packing is composed of silk waste alone, more
openly and loosely braided than in the coverings of those forms before referred to.
AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF MANURE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthon Steenberg at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1879. A communication from
A. Milling, of Aalborg, Denmark.
ANTHON STEENBERG, Patent Agent, of Copenhagen, Denmark, and Editor of the
Journal of Industry. "AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF MANURE." [A communica-
tion from A. Milling, of Aalborg, Denmark.]
It is well known that carbonate of lime or chalk has been beneficially used as a
fertilizing agent. This substance has usually been thrown upon the land in lumps
as it comes from the quarry or pit, and it has been left to disintegrate by the action
of moisture and the air. This mode of procedure has however very obvious defects,
as the carbonate of lime is not evenly distributed over the land, and it takes a long
time to disintegrate. Now the object of this Invention is to remedy these defects,
and to produce from carbonate of lime an effective and cheap fertilizing agent which
may be applied to the land by a manure drill.
To this end the carbonate of lime is first crushed to powder in any suitable
crushing apparatus, and is then mixed with water in such quantity that the mixture
will readily flow into a reservoir, where the carbonate of lime will be allowed to
settle. So soon as this is effected the supernatent water is drawn off, and the deposit
is allowed to dry. Should time permit it is preferred that the drying process be
effected in the open air. When the carbonate of lime deposit is sufficiently dried it
is ground up into fine powder, and is ready for use.
By this means it has been found that a cheap and effective fertilizing agent can
be obtained which has many advantages over the old plan of distributing carbonate
of lime or chalk over the land.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD Of MANUFACTURING AND FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Booth at the Office of the
Cominissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1879.
JAMES BOOTH, of the Firm of James Booth and Son, of Ovenden, near Halifax,
in the County of York, Manufacturers. "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD Of
MANUFACTURING AND FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS."
This Invention consists in a combined method of manufacturing and finishing
textile fabrics, so as to obtain the effect of a fine finished cloth, which has not
been produced before on a woven fabric composed of worsted warp and fine woollen
weft.
The improvements consist in using worsted warp and fine woollen weft in weaving
textile fabrics, and finishing such fabrics by subjecting them to the various operations
of boiling, raising, cutting, and pressing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BANKERS' CHEQUES OR DRAFTS OR OTHER ORDERS FOR THE PAYMENT OF MONEY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hodd, junior, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1879.
RICHARD HODD, junior, of Hatton Garden, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BANKERS'
CHEQUES OR DRAFTS OR OTHER ORDERS FOR THE PAYMENT OF MONEY."
My Invention of improvements in bankers cheques or drafts or other orders for
the payment of money consists in placing upon cheques, drafts, or other orders,
either by printing, stamping, or lithographing, the words "pounds," "shillings," and
pence" (which may be in narrow letters if necessary so as to occupy little space)
for the greater convenience and saving of time in writing them out, and increased
facility of reading the amount for which they are intended.
"
My improved cheque or draft differs from that ordinarily used by bankers in
that the writer of the cheque or draft is not obliged to write the words "pounds,"
'shillings," and "pence" in full as now required, saving both time and trouble.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBES FOR FIBRE CARDING MACHINES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH AND OTHER LIKE TUBES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Waddington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1879.
JOSEPH WADDINGTON, of Halifax, in the County of York, Tin Plate Worker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBES FOR FIBRE CARDING MACHINES, AND IN APPARATUS TO
BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH AND OTHER LIKE TUBES."
This Invention relates to the construction and use of tubes for the under covers
of machinery for carding fibres, and of improved machinery for cutting, bending,
folding, and shaping strips of tin or other thin sheet metal to be formed into such
tubes, and afterwards secured by soldering, brazing, or otherwise.
Machinery according to this my said Invention comprises an ordinary shear or
cutting knife, in connection with which is a holding bar operated by levers and
weights or other equivalent, so as to press upon and hold the sheet firmly during
the action of the knife on cutting the strip. When the cutting is completed the
weight is removed from the holding bar by an eccentric or equivalent mechanism
which lifts the levers and holding weights; the edge of the strip is next to be
folded, which is effected by the action of a presser bar the edge of which is so
formed as when applied forces a portion of the strip into a grooved bar; another
bar having L shaped groove is employed for flattening or turning down the folded
part, which folded part serves to hook or attach the strip to a mandril around
which it is turned, so securing the tubular form, and after pressure by ordinary
grooved or fluted dies or rollers the tube is ready for securing by soldering or
brazing.
For drawing or forming the corrugated or plain tubes I employ a chuck or press,
between which the strip is passed and pressed, there being a mandril within the
tube, and lever motion for withdrawing the mandril.
The corrugated or fluted tubes described are specially applicable for the under
covers of machinery for carding fibres, the said tubes may be provided with brass
or other centres; so as to revolve by friction or gearing, or the tubes may be carried
by perforated side bearers, so as to permit free rotation of the said tubes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING ARTICLES OF FOOD OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1879. A communication
from abroad by Peter Kraus, of Vienna, Austria, Engineer.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer. “IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING ARTICLES OF
FOOD OR OTHER SUBSTANCES." [A communication from abroad by Peter Kraus, of
Vienna, Austria, Engineer.]
The object of this Invention is to prevent decomposition of articles of food or
other substances which it is desirous to preserve, and the Invention consists in
removing or rarefying the oxygen in the preserving vessels, which must be made as
air tight as possible.
This may be done either by combining with hydrogen or carbon the oxygen of
the air contained in the vessel, which is effected by burning alcohol, or paper, or
any other suitable and easily inflammable material within the hermetically closed pre-
serving vessel; or by pumping out the air from within the said vessel; or by burning
the oxygen within and afterwards pumping out from the vessel the remaining mixture
of gases after the vessel has been filled with the substance to be preserved.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Adie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1879.
PATRICK ADIE, of No. 15, Pall Mall, in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL."
My Invention relates to means for assisting the elimination of phosphorus,
sulphur, and other impurities from crude iron or ore. For this purpose I blow
through the fused material a blast of air, this air being made to carry with it, as
in the sand blast or similar processes finely pulverised lime or other substance
suitable for elimination of impurities.
A NEW OR IMPROVED GAS STOVE OR HEATING APPARATUS FOR WARMING OR HEATING ROOMS OR OTHER APARTMENTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1879.
GEORGE BRAY, of Leeds, in the County of York.
A NEW OR IMPROVED GAS
STOVE OR HEATING APPARATUS FOR WARMING OR HEATING ROOMS OR OTHER
APARTMENTS"
My Invention is applicable to the usual forms of gas stoves used for heating or
warming purposes or to any combustion chamber in which coal gas is used, or the
combustion of the gas may take place in the apparatus itself, and consists in passing
the gases and heated air therefrom through a coil or coils, or zig-zag, or other
formation of pipes or tubes (connected with or forming part of the stove) of any
suitable shape and of sufficient length and area to abstract the heat from the gases
and air to any required extent and diffuse it into the space to be warmed. When
the cooled products of combustion and air have been deprived of their heat I pass
them into a chimney or other suitable place. By this means the whole of the
vitiated atmosphere due to the combustion of the gas is passed out of the room or
apartment being warmed, while the full thermal valve of the gas is utilised for
warming purposes, instead of in the main wasted by being allowed to escape at the
high temperature of the combustion chamber as in ordinary gas stoves.
In addition to abstracting the heat from the products of combustion and air by
means of the arrangement of pipes or tubes, I make use of a box or chamber in
which I consume the gas and then pass the products of combustion forward by a
zig-zag or other passage until the heat is abstracted by the outer case, whence I pass
the cool products of combustion and air out into a flue, chimney, or other suitable
place.
The stove or combustion chamber can be placed at the side, centre, or in any
position among the tubes from which the pipes or tubes may be taken, and the
products of combustion and air made to pass from the stove or combustion chamber
by one or more outlets, and take the same or different courses until they are passed
into the flue, chimney, or other suitable place.
Another part of my Invention consists in lining or covering the combustion
chamber and the adjacent parts with fire brick or some other slow conductor of
heat so far as is necessary to prevent those parts becoming unpleasantly hot By
this means the surface is prevented becoming so highly heated as to produce those
unpleasant effects arising from overheating in ordinary gas stoves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF RENDERING THEM MORE FIT FOR FOOD
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George O'Brien at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1879.
GEORGE O'BRIEN, of Fitzroy Square, Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE
OF RENDERING THEM MORE FIT FOR FOOD."
This Invention relates to improvements in the treatment of all edible seeds,
fruits, and berries, rendering them more fit for food by the destruction of their
putrescible fluids by means of dry heat, expelling, destroying, and sterilysing the
said fluids before trituration or pulverisation.
The object of this Invention is advanced by firstly heating in an oven or furnace,
to a temperature of 212° Fahrenheit, the said seeds, fruits, and berries, entire in
their skins or pellicles till they become perfectly anhydrous, but this stage or
measure is simply preparatory.
I then further heat the said seeds, fruits, and berries till they become slightly
charred, which occurs at a heat between 212° and 450°. The condition I desire to
produce is especially exhibited in the treatment of ordinary rice, which discolors at
about 390°.
The essential point and feature of this Invention consists in heating to a
temperature between 212° and 450° all edible seeds, fruits, and berries entire
in their skins or pellicles, and thereby destroying all putrescible fluids and
sterilysing the seeds of so called "spontaneous generation," their organisms and
consequent productions, and having been thus treated the said substances are in a
condition for subsequent preparation or manufacture.
I do not intend my Invention to apply in any way to the treatment of maize,
peas, beans, lentils, coffee, and cocoa nuts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC- TION OF FURNACES FOR HEATING GAS RETORTS, AND OF FIRE-PLACES FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Gibbons and William Pike
Gibbons at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May
1879.
"
BENJAMIN GIBBONS and WILLIAM PIKE GIBBONS, both of Edgbaston, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Gas-engineers. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF FURNACES FOR HEATING GAS RETORTS, AND OF FIRE-PLACES FOR OTHER
PURPOSES."
The object of our Invention is so to construct a furnace of the class mentioned in
the title that a new lining may be more conveniently provided and fixed without
requiring the temperature of the retorts and setting to be materially reduced. A
great saving is thereby effected, that is to say, the consumption of fuel is reduced,
loss of time is prevented, and a saving of repairs to the retorts is effected by reason
of the comparative absence of their expansion and contraction.
Hitherto furnaces for heating gas-retorts have been constructed of bricks or
blocks, usually made from fire-clay. In furnaces constructed according to our Inven-
tion we provide a suitable lining or side made from refractory material, and of
suitable section, in one or more pieces, which may be slightly tapered towards one
end thereof, and can be removed when desired either through an opening in the
front wall of the furnace or through the furnace door or door fraine. By preference
we construct our improved furnace with the sides built of bricks or blocks at a
slight inclination outwards. These have when necessary suitable recesses or cavities
formed therein, by preference parallel with the furnace bars, which recesses or
cavities are to receive the moveable or inner linings or sides before mentioned.
When it is desired to remove the inner linings the dampers are closed, the fires
raked out (the charges being left in the retorts); the old inner linings or sides are
at once removed through either of the before mentioned openings. The new inner
linings or sides are then inserted in the place of those removed. The whole opera-
tion is completed without the usual loss of time, and the great reduction of tem-
perature of the retorts and their settings is avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE TREATMENT OF LEATHER DURING AND AFTER THE 'STUFFING' OPERATION
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Boocock at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1879.
JOHN BOOCOCK, of Woodhouse Carr, near Leeds, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE TREATMENT
OF LEATHER DURING AND AFTER THE 'STUFFING' OPERATION."
In the "stuffing" operation, known as "mill" or "drum" stuffing, I use the
ordinary receiver or drum for leather, and on it I fix a jacketted receiver for dubbing
or stuffing. The jacket is filled with steam or hot water, which has the effect of
preserving the dubbing or stuffing in a liquid state. I provide one or more openings
or outlets for the purpose of allowing the molten or liquid dubbing or stuffing to
pass into the receiver or drum, each of which is provided with a stop valve for the
purpose of regulating the supply, such stop valves being actuated by a tappit
arrangement at different points and during the rotation of the receiver or drum.
After the leather has gone through the process of what is known as "mill" or "drum
stuffing, instead of taking it from the drum or receiver in which the operation has
been performed, I employ apparatus for exhausting the hot air from the drum or
receiver, the place of which is supplied by cold air, causing thereby the dubbing or
stuffing to congeal or set in the leather.
"
By the above described arrangements the stuffing operation is more effectually
and more cheaply effected, and the leather produced is of a better quality.
AN IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BELLS, GONGS, WHISTLES, PIANOS, TUNING FORKS, CYMBALS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS FOR PRODUCING MUSICAL SOUNDS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Barry and Vaughan Waldron
Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1879.
PATRICK BARRY and VAUGHAN WALDRON JONES, of No. 6, St. George's Terrace,
Victoria Road, New Brighton, County of Chester.
"AN IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF BELLS, GONGS, WHISTLES, PIANOS, TUNING FORKS, CYMBALS,
AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS FOR PRODUCING MUSICAL SOUNDS."
We take hydrated peroxide of iron or iron oxide obtained by the oxidation of
the metal, or any other iron or steel produced by the use of oxygen, either in the
form of atmospheric air or of wet or dry steam (hot or cold blast), and fuse same in
combination with iron ore, pig iron, cast or wrought iron or steel, and cast same
into moulds of sand, clay, loam, plumbago, or clay in combination with other
substances, or into metallic moulds or chills of any required pattern.
By preference we take the following admixture and proportions. One of the
hydrated peroxide of iron or iron oxide obtained by the oxidation of the metal to
seven of cast iron. The proportions may be increased or diminished according to
the sound required, and the character of the iron used.