Improvements in Fibrous and other Hose-pipes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Nov., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 11th Aug., 1892-Accepted, 17th Sept., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fibrous and other Hose-pipes.
I, GEORGE DOIG NICOL of Chambers Street, Arbroath, Scotland, Canvas
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in hose-pipes or water pipes of fibrous
or other sheet material and the invention consists in forming such pipes of a series
of concentric layers of woven fabric the material of which, for a given length of
hose, shall be in one piece.
The method of manufacture is as follows:
The diameter of the hose having been determined upon and also the pressure to
which it will probably be subjected a piece of dense fabric is woven of such
a width that it can be rolled twice, thrice or as many times as may have been pre-
determined upon.
A line of rivet holes is punched parallel with and near to one selvedge of
the fabric. Parallel with this a second line of holes is punched and if the fabric is
intended for a double layer hose a third line of holes is punched this line falling
like the first near the selvedge.
Previous to rolling the hose material rivets are inserted into one of the selvedge
line of holes the material is then rolled once and this will bring the next line of
holes opposite the rivets, which are forced therethrough and the rolling operation
continued until the last or selvedge row of holes is reached and the rivets passed
through the same when the washers are put on and the ends of the rivets secured
in the usual manner.
A hose constructed in the manner above described can be more readily repaired
than one of ordinary construction. The outer fold acts as a protection to the inner
fold and if worn by chafing the inner fold remains intact whilst the outer fold may
be patched and repaired. It is cheaper to manufacture in the first instance and is
stronger, for its substance, than those now in use in consequence of the rivets being
passed through selvedge edges instead of row edges. It may of course be manu-
factured either by hand or machinery.
The rivet stem is introduced through the holes in the canvas or material such
holes being made by a printed punch or pricker so that the fibres are not divided,
and the head of the rivet will lay upon the inside surface the rivet washers being
placed on outside and then the point will be rivetted down.
Dated this 12th day of November 1891
HUGHES, ELI & HUGHES,
76, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fibrous and other Hose-pipes.
I, GEORGE DOIG NICOL of Charles Street, Arbroath Scotland, Canvas
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in hose-pipes or water-pipes of fibrous or
other sheet material and this iuvention consists in forming such pipes of a series of
concentric layers of woven fabric, the material of which, for a given length of hose
shall be in one piece both lengthwise and crosswise.
The method of manufacture is as follows viz.
The diameter of the hose having been determined and also the pressure to which

page_text: it will probably be subjected a piece of dense fabric is woven of such a width that
it can be folded or rolled as many times as may be necessary to obtain the number
of layers previously arranged for.
.1.
Suppose for example, a double-layer hose is intended, the fabric selected will be
of such a width as to slightly exceed twice the circumference of the intended hose.
A line of rivet holes is pricked parallel with and near to one edge or selvedge of
the fabric. A second line of rivet holes is pricked parallel to the first and nearly
along the centre line of the fabric and a third line of rivet holes is pricked near the
second edge or selvedge (the distance between the first and second line of holes
determines the inner circumference and consequently the diameter of the hose)."
Previously to folding or rolling the hose material rivets of copper or other
suitable metal are inserted into the first edge or selvedge line of rivet holes, or in
lien of the ordinary rivet I may use bifurcated rivets.
The material is then folded or rolled so as to bring the second or centre line of
rivet holes opposite the rivets which are there forced through and the folding or
olling operation continued until the third edge or selvedge line of rivet holes is
brought opposite the rivets which are there again forced through the fabric and
then copper or other suitable metal washers are put on and the ends of the rivets
secured as hereinafter described.
A hose constructed in the manner above described can be more readily repaired
than one of ordinary construction. The outer layer acts as a protection to
the inner layer, so that if the outer layer should get worn by chafing or otherwise
it may be patched and repaired without disturbing the inner layer. It is cheaper
to manufacture in the first instance and is stronger, in proportion to its substance,
than those now in use, in consequence of the rivets being passed through the body
of the fabric and also through the two edges or selvedges.
It may of course be manufactured either by hand or machinery.
The rivet stem is introduced through the holes in the hose-material, from that
surface which is to form the inside of the hose, such holes being made by a pointed
punch or pricker so that the fibres are not torn or cut or divided but simply pushed
apart and the head of the rivet will lie upon the inside surface, the washers being
placed over the point of the rivet on the outside surface and the point will then be
hammered or stamped down.
In order that the invention may be readily understood, I have hereunto annexed
a sheet of drawings and will refer thereto by figures and letters of reference in the
following description of one method of manufacture by hand but as already stated
I do not limit myself to the hand process of manufacture.
Fig. 1. represents a piece of fibrous material (for example a piece of stout duck)
froin which a double-layer hose is to be made. The surface cf the material as
shown in Fig. 1 is to be taken as representing what is to be the inside or inner'
surface of the hose and of the second layer of the material laid over and around the
first or inner layer.
Fig. 2 is an edge view or sectional view of the hose-material showing the rivet
inserted from that surface of the material which is to constitute the inside or inner
surface of the hose. In this figure the upper line is to be understood as
representing such inside or inner surface of the hose and of the second layer, the
lower line as representing the outer surface of the first layer and the outside of the
hose or outer surface of the second layer.
Fig. 3. is an isometric view of the hose material after the rivets have been forced
through the second or centre line of rivet-holes.
Fig. 4. shows a double-layer hose with the rivets and washers put on after the
folding or rolling has been completed and with the dumping-iron in position for
the purpose of hammering or punching down the point of the rivet.
5
C
Fig. 3 shows, on a larger scale, an isometric view of a piece of rivetted and
completed double layer hose.
1.
In the drawing a a¹ are the edges or selvedges of the fabric a² a* are rows
of rivet holes to be pricked or pierced in close proximity to such edges or selvedges
י

page_text: a³ is the second or intermediate row of rivet holes to be pricked or pierced nearly
along the centre line of the fabric but a little nearer to a² than to a*.
Rivet blanks consisting of a disc and shank Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 are to
be placed in the first row of rivet holes a nearer the edge or selvedge a the shanks
or points being passed through the fabric from the inside surface to the outer as
shown in the edge view Fig. 2.
The said edge or selvedge a with the rivets is first to be folded over half way as
shown in Fig. 3 and also by the dotted semi circle, shown in the right hand
of Fig. 2 in the direction indicated by the arrow round the point c as a centre and
then the edge or selvedge a' is brought over the first fold as shown in Fig. 3 and
also by the dotted semi circle in Fig. 2 in the direction indicated by the arrow
round the point c' as a centre and the holes a³ placed over or forced down upon the
rivet shanks.
The remainder of the fabric is to be folded round in the same direction as last until
the holes a near the second edge or selvedge a¹ come over and are pushed or forced
down upon the rivet shanks whereupon pierced rivet washers are to be placed on
the rivet shanks and the protruding shank ends are to be hammered or stamped
down so as to complete the rivetting.
In the rivetting process a piece of flat smooth round-edged iron is used as
a dumping-iron a to prevent the fabric underneath being damaged by the
hammering or stamping down of the rivets. As each rivet is completed the
dumping iron is moved farther along for further use in like manner.
A three layer hose may be produced in like manner and for such purpose in
proportion to the diameter of the hose to be produced the material will be about
one half wider and a little over sufficient to allow of the lapping of the material
over the first two layers.
This hose is seamless, the outer layer supports the inner layer it can be produced
in any continuous length and every rivet put in and finished completes the hose up
to that length. The diameter of the hose is limited only by the width of the stuff
between the edges a, a' this width being a little more than twice the inner circum-
ference in the case of double-layer hose and a little more than three times the
inner circumference in the case of triple-layer hose. The extra cost of making hose
of larger diameter being simply the extra cost of the wider material.
When desired the material of the hose may be impregnated with any required
solution for preservative or waterproofing purposes, or the inner surface of the
second or following layers may be coated with any adhesive waterproof solution
to increase the strength and waterproofness of the finished hose.
Should the hose whilst in use suffer abrasion or the outer layer be cut or torn
while the inner layer remains intact the repair of the outer layer can be readily
affected by placing between the layers a piece of similar material and then
overstitching the broken or damaged edges.
Should the injury extend to the inner layer it can be repaired by itself and then
the repair of the outer layer carried out as above described in which case the
support given to the inner layer by the outer will be very considerable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
The improvement in the manufacture of hose of fibrous material in two or more
concentric and continuous layers fastened together in a straight continuous length
with rivets substantially in the manner hereinbefore described as and for the
purpose specified.
Dated thin 11th
1 1000
HUGHES, ELI & HUGHES,
76, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents for Applicant.