New or Improved Machinery or Apparatus for Treating Skins.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 17th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left. 23rd Sept., 1890-Accepted. 10th Jan.. 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Machinery or Apparatus for Treating Skins.
We, OSCAR POTELUNE, JOSEPH RIVET, LOUIS RIVET, & LÉON SAUTOUR, of
Limoges, Haute Vienne, France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to machinery or apparatus for beating, stretching, and
smoothening, and also for superficially cutting or paring or whitening skins which are
mainly intended for the manufacture of gloves, fine boots and shoes.
A machine according to the invention is illustrated in the annexed drawings:
In Fig. 1, in side elevation; in Fig. in plan and in Fig. 3 in end view from
the working side.
Fig. is a rear elevation of the machine, that is to say, from the side opposite to
that shewn in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is an end view from the side opposite to that shewn in Fig. 3, of the general
arrangement of the transmitting gear.
Figs. 6 and 6 show in detail in elevation and in plan respectively, the lever of the
springs, and the position of said lever with relation to that of an outer cam X which
operates the
same, and of other cams X1, X2, and their corresponding levers and
rollers.
Figs. 7 and 7 show in detail in elevation and in plan respectively the bell-crank or
lever carrying the guide roller of the knife carrier, and also its position with relation
to that of a middle cam X which acts upon another roller, lower than the preceding
one, of the same lever.
In Figs. 8 and 8 is shown in detail in elevation and in plan respectively, and in its
position with relation to that of the third cam X, the abutment lever which carries
on one side the guide roller of the beating and stretching knife carrier, and on the
other side the roller pressing underneath the said cam X².
A is the main shaft of the machine, it receives its motion from a grooved pulley 4,
by means of toothed wheels 5, 6, (Fig. 1). X, X, X2 are cams formed on the crank
block keyed on the end of the shatt A on the working side (Figs. 1, 3, 6, 8). Bis a
forked connecting rod (Fig. 2) connected at its larger end to a screw pin fixed on the
cam X (Fig. 2), and at the small ends of its fork to a shaft E (Fig. 2) the end
portions of which are carried in slide blocks D (Figs. 3, 4) working between guides D¹
(Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4).
( is a knife carrier which, in addition to the to and fro motion imparted to it by
the connecting rod B, is capable of oscillating vertically about the shaft E, and also
of oscillating horizontally about a vertical shaft F.
This shaft together with two lugs of the knife carrier C, passes through the male or
vertical nipple of a socket E¹ which engages between these two hinge lugs.
The socket E, thus forming one with the knife carrier C, is capable of oscillating
freely about the shaft E which passes through it. G is a cutting or paring knife
(hereinafter called a paring knife) fixed by means of a screw or screws in a holder
capable of oscillating about a shaft H which connects it to a plate P fixed by a screw V
to the front part of the lower portion of the knife carrier C.
Springs one portion of each of which is secured by screws to the plate P² bear with
another portion on the rear of the holder on the left hand of the shaft H, thereby
enabling the inclination of the knife G to be regulated with accuracy by means of
screws (Fig. 3). This inclination varies with the angle of the cutting edge and
according to the nature of the skins to be operated upon.
I is a guide adjusted and fixed in position on the knife carrier C, by means of
screws t, (Fig. 2). J is a roller with vertical axis mounted in a stationary manner
ou the upper part of the framing of the machine, and fitting in an inclined straight

page_text: groove formed in the said guide, which by sliding on the roller J, serves to determine
the horizontal movement of the knife carrier when the latter moves backwards or
forwards under the action of the connecting rod B, taking with it the horizontal
shaft E, and the vertical shaft F which passes through the vertical or male nipple of
the socket E¹.
This arrangement has for object to allow the knife G during its forward movement,
to cut obliquely similar to the action of mowing. K is a lever jointed to a connecting
rod L which transmits the to and fro motion of the slide blocks D to a rod L
connected to the beating and stretching knife carrier. 12 is a beating and stretching
knife, arranged in front of the knife G, and operated in such a manner as to beat and
stretch the skin, so as to prepare it for the operation of the paring knife G.
The knife L2 is attached by means of two screws to the underside of the connecting
rod I, to the other end of which is fixed by a screw (Fig. 2) a small bracket or
support Z (Fig. 3). A nut bearing on the top side of this support serves to vary the
degree of tension of a spring M³ whose lower part is connected to the end N1 (Fig. 1)
of the lever N N¹ (Fig. 6). The end N of this lever bears by means of a roller
against the outer cam X.
The front part of the beating and stretching knife L is recessed in order to allow
of observing the operation of the paring knife that is situated behind the same.
M is a spring the tension of which is regulated by means of a nut acting upon the
end of the upper portion of the knife carrier C the lower portion of the said spring
is connected to the end of the arm N¹ of the lever N N By the combined action
of these springs and of the cam X, the force with which these two knives operate on
the skin to be prepared, can be regulated as desired. O, O' is a bell crank lever
(Figs. 1, 3, 7, 7") with a handle T, designed to maintain the alternating motion of
the knife carrier (which bears constantly against the roller g of this lever, the
roller 2 of which is kept hearing against the cam X1 (Figs. 3, 7, 7"). P P¹ (Figs. 3,
8, 8) is a lever for operating and guiding by means of its flanged roller = (Fig. 3),
the beating and stretching knife carrier in its to and fro movement. This lever
is actuated by means of the cam X³. It is provided with an abutment or tappet
against which the end of a screw Y (Figs. 1, 2) is adapted to act when it is desired
to withdraw the roller g² from the influence of the cam X2, and to prevent the
knife L2 from working.
Qis a flat marble block or table upon which the skin to be worked, rests whilst
being drawn between the rolls 1, 2 by the action of the roll 1 which is mounted on
the end of the lower shaft A', parallel to the main shaft A, and receives its motion
by means of the pawl and ratchet arrangement shown separately in Fig. 5.
The pressure with which the roll 2 bears against the roll 1, is regulated by means
of a
spring arranged in the lower part of the framing and acting on one end of
an oscillating lever 3 which carries the roll 2 on points or pivots between the two
arms of its fork shaped other end. This roll can be readily moved away from the
roll to allow of placing the skin in a manner suitable for the paring operation.
R (Fig. 1) is a wedge which can be moved forwards or backwards under the
table by means of a fine pitched screw S, and thus raise or lower the said table
to the extent required and as desired for the work. T is the operating handle of
the lever 00. T is a handle forming one with the handle T, to which it is
jointed it ends at its lower end in a hook U. V is a notch formed in a part fixed
to the framing (Fig. 1). When the skin is not to be pared, but only to ho beaten,
the knife carrier C, is raised by means of the handle and roller g', whilst at the
The knife G is thus
same time the hook U is caused to engage with the notch V.
raised out of contact with the skin.
Referring to the pawl and ratchet wheel mechanism for operating the roll 1,
illustrated separately in Fig. 5, a is a connecting rod for transmitting to and fro
motion to a rod c upon which is mounted a sliding socket d that can be fixed at any
suitable point by a set screw (Figs. 1,
oscillates. is an extension of the rod c.
capable of oscillating about the shaft A'.
4, 5).
e is a pin about which the rod c
h is a small connecting rod. is a lever
k is a pawl is a ratchet wheel; m is

page_text: spring is a bent or curved finger fixed to the pawl; p, p³ (Figs. 4, 5) is a
lever capable of oscillating about the pin e and ending at its lower portion in a..
rounded part bearing against the curved finger n.
s is a connecting rod. (Fig. 5) is a lever fixed on the end of a shaft (2;
u is a finger piece furnished with a handle and fixed on the other end of the
shaft 2.
The mechanism (Fig. 5) arranged at the rear of the framing comprises two
distinct transmitting gears, namely -A main gear, in which the grooved pulley 4
and the wheels 5, 6, effect the rotation of the main shaft A, on the end of which is
keyed the block with three cams X, X, X, whence the various motions are trans-
mitted which are suitably combined to attain the objects in view, and another or
secondary gear, which effects intermittent rotation of the lower shaft A' on the end
of which is the roll I that draws the skin placed between this roll and the roll 2,
the latter rotating on points between the arms of the oscillating lever 3 the other end
of which is drawn down to a greater or less extent by the spring R' that regulates
the pressure between the rolls 1 and 2.
..
Motion is transmitted to the shaft A¹ through the wheel 6, and connecting rod a
and the sliding socket d, and the rod c which oscillates about the pin e, the end of
the said rod c effecting the oscillation of the lever i about the shaft A' by means of the
small connecting rod h. The pawl & of the lever is caused by the action of a spring m
to engage with its nose in the teeth of the ratchet wheel keyed on the shaft À¹.
When it is desired to throw this gear into operation, it is merely necessary to press
with the finger upon the finger piece fixed on the end of the small shaft t, on the
other end of which is fixed the lever s¹ connected to the end of the connecting rod s
which by means of the lever p p oscillating about the pin e¹ and by means of the lower
rounded end of the said lever moves with it the curved finger n fixed to the pawl k
which is then moved out of engagement with the ratchet wheel. An opposing spring
returns the pawl into engagement as soon as the pressure is removed from the finger
piece u.
The knife carrier C, which oscillates vertically and horizontally about the shaft E,
and horizontally about the shaft F whilst at the same time it moves to and fro along
the guides D, motion is imparted :-
-
1st, by means of the cam X and the connecting rod B;
2nd, by means of the roller which has a fixed axis J and is arranged in the inclined
straight groove of the guide 1 that is fixed by means of screws t, t¹ on the knife
carrier;
3rd, by means of the roller g¹ to which a slight up and down motion is imparted by
the cam X by means of the roller 2.
This last motion has for object to move the paring knife away from the surface of
the skin so as to allow the said knife to move nearer to the skin whilst the knife moves
forward, and whilst the roller J produces the mowing or oblique movement which is
to enable the knife to pare the skin superficially when the connecting rod B returns
the knife carrier.
The knife G is fixed in its holder by means of screws, and the holder is pivoted on
the shaft II which forms the pin of the hinge constituted by the holder and the
plate P that is fixed below and in front of the knife carrier C by the front screw V.
Screws serve to regulate the distance apart, in front, of the holder and the plate,
whilst springs fixed at their ends to the front part of the plate P2 bear with their
other ends upon the rear of the holder and thus have a tendency to raise the front
portion of the holder against the screws c¹.
The to and fro motion given to the knife carrier C by the cam X and the connecting
rod B, is transmitted by the shaft E, the connecting rod L' and the lever K to the
connecting rod L to which the beating and stretching knife carrier C¹ is fixed by two
screws.
and
By means of the bracket or support Z which is fixed at its end by the screw y,
upon which there acts a nut, this knife carrier is drawn down by the spring M whose

page_text: lower end is connected to the end N' of the lever N N', that is adapted to oscillate
about its fixed axis, under the influence of the cam X acting upon the roller
The upper end of the knife carrier C is similarly connected by means of a screw
and nut to the spring M whose lower part is similarly attached to the end N¹ of the
lever N N¹.
The result of this arrangement is that, according as the roller is moved more or
less away by the head of the cam X, the springs M, M are put more or less in tension,
and the paring knife G and the beating and stretching knife L2 are then applied with
more or less force to the skin.
The operation of the paring knife may be arrested by means of the handle T to
which is jointed the handle T the lower part of which ends in a hook U which engages
in the notch V, as soon as the roller which bears under the upper portion of the
knife carrier, and the roller g² which bears against the cam X, have been sufficiently
raised. The knife carrier C'then continues to perform its various movements, but the
knife G cannot come into contact with the skin.
The operation of the beating and stretching knife L² may be arrested by means of
the fixed screw Y acting upon the abutment or tappet of the lever P P and pushing
it back until the roller is no longer in contact with the cam X. Then the arm P₁
of the lever PP, by means of the flanged rollers, raises the connecting rod Land
the knife carrier C, and consequently, the knife I. This knife is hollowed out or
recessed through its width, so as to allow of observing the cutting knife situated
behind.
The table is raised to the height required by means of the wedge R upon the
upper horizontal face of which the table rests. By causing the wedge R to move
forwards or backwards by means of the fine-pitched screw S, the height of the table Q
can be regulated with accuracy, the table being then fixed by means of set screws.
It will be understood that the machine herein described comprises essentially two
distinct main movements, the chief of which is transmitted by means of the shaft A
and has for object to effect the desired movements of the knives, whilst the other
movement is transmitted by means of the shaft A and has for object to effect the
drawing along of the skin at a greater or less speed.
By means of the cams X X X2, the corresponding levers N N¹, O O¹, PP, and
their respective rollers, the connecting rods B and L, the shafts E, F the connecting
rod L and the lever K, the chief movement aforesaid is subdivided into several
secondary and simultaneous movements, having for object to allow the paring knife G
to pare the surface of the skin obliquely, whilst moving forwards at the same time;
and also to allow the beating and stretching knife to beat the skin with more or
less force whilst stretching the skin at the same time.
Provision is made for allowing the knives to work independently of each other; to
enable the operation of one knife to be arrested whilst the other knife is working;
and also to allow the paring knife and the table to be accurately adjusted as regards
their relative positions, and to cause the skin to be drawn along at the speed and
with the force desired.
Dated this 17th day of June 1800.

page_text: We, OSCAR POTELUNE, JOSEPH RIVET, LOUIS RIVET and LÉON SAUTOUR, of
Limoges, Haute Vienne, France, Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to machinery or apparatus for beating, stretching, and
smoothing, and also for superficially cutting or paring or whitening skins which are
mainly intended for the manufacture of gloves, fine boots, and shoes.
Referring to the drawings filed with our Provisional Specification
Fig. 1 is a front elevation ;
Fig. 2 is a plan; and
Fig. 3 is an end view, as seen from the working side, of a machine according to
this invention.
Fig. is a rear elevation of the machine, that is to say, of the side opposite to that
shewn in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is an end view of the side opposite to that shewn in Fig. 3 showing the
general arrangement of the transmitting gear.
Figs. 6 and 6 show in detail, in elevation and in plan respectively, a lever N N¹,
and the position of said lever with relation to that of an outer cam X which operates
the same, and to other cams X1, X2, that operate other levers and rollers.
Figs. 7 and 7 show in detail, in elevation and in plan respectively, the bell-crank
or lever carrying the guide roller of the knife carrier, and also its position with
relation to that of a middle cam X¹ which acts upon another roller, lower than the
preceding one, of the same lever.
Figs. S and S are detail views showing in elevation and in plan respectively, the
relative position of the third cam X2 and the abutment lever which carries on one
side the guide roller of the beating and stretching knife carrier, and on the other
side the roller pressing underneath the said cam X².
A is the main shaft of the machine; it receives its motion from a grooved pulley 4,
by means of toothed wheels 5, 6 (Fig. 1). X, X, X2 are cams formed on the crank
block keyed on the end of the shalt A on the working side (Figs. 1, 3, 6, 8). B is a
forked connecting rod (Figs. 2 and 3) jointed at its larger end to a crank pin fixed on
the cam X and at the small ends of its fork to a shaft the end portions of which are
carried in slide blocks D working between guides D¹ (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4).
C is a knife carrier which, in addition to the to and fro motion imparted to it by the
connecting rod B, is capable of turning vertically about the shaft E, and also of
turning horizontally about a vertical shaft F. This shaft F passes through two lugs
on the knife carrier C, and also through the male or vertical nipple of a socket E¹
which engages between these two hinge lugs. The socket E which thus forms one
with the knife carrier is capable of turning freely about the shaft E which passes
through it. G is a cutting or paring knife (hereinafter called a paring knife) fixed
by means of one or more screws, in a holder capable of oscillating about a shaft. H
which connects it to a plate p² fixed by a screw e to the front part of the lower
portion of the knife carrier C.
Springs one portion of each of which is secured by screws to the plate p², bear by
another portion on the rear of the holder on the left hand side of the shaft H and
thereby raise the front portion of the holder against adjustable screws &¹ by means of
which the inclination of the knife G can be regulated with accuracy (Fig. 3). This
inclination will vary according to the angle of the cutting edge of the knife and
according to the nature of the skins to be operated upon.
I is a guide adjusted and fixed in position on the knife carrier C, by means of
screws t, (Fig. 2). J is a roller with vertical axis mounted in a stationary manner
on the upper part of the framing of the machine, and fitting in an inclined straight
groove formed in the said guide, which by sliding on the roller'J, serves to determine

page_text: the horizontal movement of the knife carrier C when the latter moves backwards or
forwards under the action of the connecting rod B, taking with it the horizontal
shaft E, and the vertical shaft F which passes through the vertical or male nipple of
the socket E'.
This arrangement has for its object to allow the knife G during its forward
movement, to cut obliquely similar to the action of a knife blade in mowing. K is a
lever jointed to a connecting rod L' which transmits the to and fro motion of the
slide blocks D to a rod L connected to the beating and stretching knife carrier (
L' is a beating and stretching knife, arranged in front of the knife G, and operated in
such a manner as to beat and stretch the skin, so as to prepare it for the operation of
the paring knife G.
The knife is attached by means of two screws to the underside of the connecting
rod L to the front end of which is fixed by a screw y a small bracket or support %
(Fig. 3). A nut bearing on the top side of this support serves to vary the degree of
tension of a spring M whose lower end is connected to the end N¹ (Fig. 1) of the
lever N N (Fig. 6). The end N of this lever bears by means of a roller g against
the outer cam X by which the lever is oscillated about its fulcrum.
The front part of the beating and stretching knife L is recessed in order that the
operation of the paring knife, which is situated behind the same can be observed.
M is a spring the tension of which is regulated by means of a nut acting upon the end
of the upper portion of the knife carrier C; the lower end of this spring is likewise
connected to the end of the arm N¹ of the lever N N¹.
The result of this arrangement is that, according as the roller is moved to a
greater or less extent by the cam X, the springs M, M will be put in more or less
tension, and the paring knife G and the beating and stretching knife L2 will be applied
with more or less force to the skin. Thus by the combined action of these springs
and of the cam X the force with which these two knives operate on the skin to be
prepared, can be regulated as desired. 00', is a bell-crank lever (Figs. 1, 3, 7, 7")
with a handle T, designed to maintain the alternating motion of the knife carrier C
which bears constantly against the roller g' of this lever, the roller g² of which is
normally kept bearing against the cam X (Figs. 7, 7"). P P¹ (Figs. 3, 8, 8") is a
lever for operating and guiding, by means of its flanged roller (Fig. 3) the beating
and stretching knife carrier (in its to and fro movement. This lever is actuated by
means of the cam X².
b
The operation of the beating and stretching knife L2 may be arrested by causing
a screw Y carried by a fixed part of the machine, to act against an abutment or
tappet on the lever P P¹and pushing it back until the roller g³ is no longer in
contact with the cam X2. Then the arm P of the lever P P1, by means of the flanged
roller will raise the connecting rod Land the knife carrier (, and consequently, the
knife LP.
Qis a flat block or table of marble upon which the skin to be worked, rests
whilst being drawn between the rolls 1, 2by the action of the roll 1. This roll is
mounted on the end of a shaft A' which is arranged with its axis parallel to the main
shaft A, and receives its motion by means of the pawl and ratchet arrangement shown
in Fig. 5. The pressure with which the roll 2 hears against the roil 1, is regulated
by means of a spring R arranged in the lower part of the framing and acting on one
end of a lever 3 which carries the roll 2 on points or pivots between the two arms of
its fork shaped other end. This roll can be readily moved away from the roll 1 to
allow of placing the skin in suitable position for paring.
R (Fig. 1) is a wedge which can be moved forwards or backwards under the
table Q by means of a fine pitched screw S, and thus raise or lower the said table to
the extent required and as desired for the work. The table is then fixed by set
screws. Tis the operating handle of the lever 001. T is a handle forming one
with the handle T, to which it is jointed; it ends at its lower end in a hook U. V is
a notch formed in a part fixed to the framing (Fig. 1). When the skin is not to be
pared, but only to be beaten, the knife carrier O, is raised by means of the handle T
and roller g', whilst at the same time the hook U is caused to engage with the notch V.

page_text: The knite Ur can thus be raised out of contact with the skin without interfering with
its several movements.
Referring to the pawl and ratchet mechanism for operating the roll 1, illustrated
in Fig. 5, a is a connecting rod for transmitting to and fro motion to a lever c. f, upon
one arm c of which is mounted a socket d capable of sliding thereon and which can
be fixed at any suitable point by a set screw (Figs. 1, 4, and 5). e is a pin about
which the lever c oscillates. is the other arm of the lever c, f. is a small rod
connecting arm with a lever arm i capable of oscillating about the shaft A¹. k is a
pawl is a ratchet wheel: m is a spring; is a bent or curved finger fixed to
the pawl; p p (Figs. 4, 5,) is a lever capable of oscillating about a pin e¹ and
terminating at its lower portion in a rounded party that bears against the curved
finger n..
s is a connecting rod, jointed to a lever arms fixed on the end of a shaft 12;
is a finger piece furnished with a handle and tixed on the other end of the
shaft ².
The mechanism (Fig. 5) arranged at the rear of the framing comprises two
distinct transmitting gears, namely:- a main gear, in which the grooved pulley 4 and
the toothed wheels 5. 6, cause the rotation of the main shaft A, on the forward end of
which is keyed the block with the three cams, X, X, X2, whence the various motions
hereinbefore described are transmitted to attain the objects in view, and another or
secondary gear, which effects the intermittent rotation of the lower shaft A' on the
end of which is the roll 1 that draws the skin placed between this roll and the roll 2
which then rotates on the pivot points between the arms of the oscillating lever 3 the
other end of which is drawn down to a greater or less extent by the spring R¹ so as to
regulate the pressure between the rolls and 2.
Rotary motion is transmitted to the shaft A¹ from the wheel 6, by the connecting
rod a,
socket d, lever e, f, link h, lever arm, and the pawl the nose of which is
caused, by the action of a spring m, to engage the teeth of the ratchet wheel it
keved on the shaft A¹.
When it is desired to throw this gear out of operation, it is merely necessary to
press down the finger piece on the end of the shaft t2 so that the lever s acting
through the connecting rods and lever p p¹, causes the lower rounded end y of the
said lever to act against the curved finger and move the pawl k out of engage-
ment with the ratchet wheel. The spring m returns the pawl into engagement
with the ratchet wheel as soon as the pressure is removed from the finger
piece u.
From the foregoing description it will be understood that the knife carrier whilst
it is moved to and fro along the guides D by means of the cam X and the connecting
rod B is caused to oscillate horizontally about the shaft F by means of the roller J
arranged in the inclined straight groove of the guide I fixed on the knife carrier, and
also vertically about the shaft E by the roller g' to which a slight up and down motion
is imparted by the cam X acting against the roller g2..
The upward motion of the knife carrier C has for object to move the paring knife G
away from the surface of the skin, and the downward motion to allow the knife to
move nearer to the skin whilst it is moving forward and is about to cease moving, and
when the roller J has determined the mowing or oblique movement which allows
the knife to pare the surface of the skin, when the connecting rod B returns the knife
carrier C.
From the foregoing description it will be understood that the machine herein
described comprises two distinct main movements, the chief of which is transmitted
by means of the shaft A and has for object to effect the desired movements of the
knives, whilst the other movement is transmitted by means of the shaft A' and has for
object to effect the drawing along of the skin at a greater or less speed. By means
of the cams X, X, X2, the corresponding levers N, N, O, O', P, P, and their respec-
tive rollers, the connecting rods B and L, the shafts E, F, the connecting rod L' and
the lever K, the chief movement aforesaid is subdivided into several secondary and

page_text: simultaneous movements, having for object to allow the paring knife G to pare the
surface of the skin obliquely whilst it is moving forwards; and also to allow the
beating and stretching knife L2 to beat the skin with more or less force whilst
stretching the skin at the same time. It will also be seen that provision is made for
allowing each knife to work independently of the other; to enable the operation of
one knife to be arrested whilst the other knife is working; and also to allow the paring
knife and the table to be accurately adjusted as regards their relative positions, and
to cause the skin to be drawn along at the speed and with the force desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed we declare that
what we claim is :—
1. In a machine or apparatus for treating skins the combination of parts comprising
cams XX, formed on a crank pin block with three cams fixed on the end of a
rotating shaft A; a connecting rod B driven from the shaft A and connected to
a shaft E carried by slides D; an oscillating socket E', carried by the shaft E
and provided with a vertical nipple that serves as a malo part for and forms a
binge with lugs on a knife carrier C, and is traversed by a vertical shaft F; and
a knife carrier C to which a to and fro movement can be imparted by means of
the connecting rod B and the slides D, and which is capable of being simultaneously
oscillated about the shaft E by the rollers g', g² and cam X and about the shaft F, by
the roller J that extends into an oblique slot in a guide I fixed to the knife carrier as
set forth.
I
2. In a machine or apparatus for treating skins, the combination with the knife
carrier C, of a cam X, an oscillating lever N, N carrying a roller that bears against
the cam, and a spring M. connected to the said lever and to the upper part of the knife
carrier for the purpose of giving to the paring knife G, when it is engaged with
the skin, the desired pressure.
3. In a machine or apparatus for treating skins, the combination with a beating
and stretching knife L and means for operating the same, of the cam X, carrying
a roller g that bears against a lever N N' with the said eam and a spring M¹ connected
to the said lever and to a support Z carried by a rod L for the purpose of giving
to the beating and stretching knife, the desired pressure when it moves down onto the
skin.
4. In a machine or apparatus for treating skins, the combination with the knife
carrier C the cam X and means for driving the same of the lever 0 0¹ carrying the
rollers and g', handles T and T connected to said lever, and a hook Û carried
by the handle T, the arrangement being such that during the working of the machine,
the desired upward and downward movements can be imparted to the knife carrier C
or these movements can be arrested by engaging the hook U with a fixed projection V
as set forth.
5. In a machine or apparatus for treating skins, of the kind referred to in claim 1,
the combination with the shaft E and mechanism for driving the same of the con-
necting rod L, pivoted on the shaft E an oscillating lever K connected to the said
rod for continuing the to and fro motion of the shaft a connecting rod L connected to
the lever K and a beating and stretching knife carrier (fixed to the said connecting
rod Las and for the purpose set forth.
6. In a machine or apparatus for treating skins the combination with the beating
and stretching knife 12 and means for actuating the same of a cam X2, a lever P Pi
provided with rollers g³, Z, and an abutment band a screw Y the arrangement being
such that the movements of the beating and stretching knife can be limited, or can be
arrested as desired.
7. In a machine or apparatus for treating skins, the knife holding device comprising
the hinge-like connection with the shaft H, of the holder for the knife G, and the
plate p carrying the springs and adjusting screws, the said device being fixed
by the screw to the front part of the knife carrier C, and combined with the

page_text: recessed beating and stretching knife L' situated in front of the knife G, and
with a table Q, capable of being raised by means of the wedge R and screw S
as set forth.
8. A machine or apparatus of the kind referred to in the preceding claims, con-
structed with the pawl and ratchet wheel transmitting gear illustrated in Fig. 5, and
which is capable of being thrown in and out of engagement, and by means of which
and the shaft A', the rolls 1 and 2 can be caused to draw along the skin to be treated,
the pressure exerted by the roll 2, on the skin being capable of regulation by the
tension of the spring as set forth.
9. The combination of parts constituting the machine or apparatus for treating
skins, hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings for the purpose specified.
Dated this 23rd day of September 1890.