IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PHILIP
JACOB KAYSER, of Gracechurch Street, in the City of London, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Thirty-first day of May, in the fifth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Philip Jacob Kayser, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Philip Jacob Kayser, my exors, admors, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Philip Jacob Kayser, my exors, adiñors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso that I, the said Philip Jacob Kayser, shall cause a particular descrip-
tion of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Philip Jacob Kayser, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,

page_text: reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon (that is to say):-
The Invention of Improvements in the Construction of Lamps is based
upon the principle that the oil which supplies the lamp may be placed in a
reservoir either above, below, or on a level with the burner, and that the oil
which falls whilst burning shall fall into the reservoir which supplies the
burner of the lamp for combustion. To construct this lamp I employ the
following means:-I so arrange the lamp that the oil is made to rise to the
burner by means of a weight pressing upon it, which weight I prefer to be of
the form of a ball or egg. This weight is placed in a cylindric reservoir,
and may be raised by a small wheel placed above the oil. The form of the
weight employed is somewhat similar to an egg, smaller or larger according
to the size of the reservoir and to the height which it is required to raise the
oil with this weight, and the plate which is placed above the elastic substanco
to press against the cylinder, which prevents the elastic substance from touch-
ing the sides and hinders the weight from descending too far down, the whole
of which arrangement will be seen by examining the Drawings. Second, the
pipes which conduct the oil to the burners are placed outside of the cylinder,
by which arrangement a second friction of the weight is avoided, which
renders the use of the lamp more simple and more advantageous. Third, the
regulator which prevents the oil from flowing too quickly to the burner to be
consumed as the weight descends slowly into the cylinder. I have placed it
in the burner, serving at the same time as a wickholder, which will be clearly
seen in the Drawing. It will be easily seen that this regulator may be so
constructed as to regulate several burners of different heights from the same
reservoir, which will be found to be very advantageous in candelabras. Fourth,
in lamps where the reservoir is placed above the burners, the reservoir should
be hermetically closed, so that the air cannot enter but by the tube which is
in communication with the reservoir which receives the oil which flows from
the burner; as soon as the weight descends in the cylinder, and the oil flows
to the burner, the pipe which communicates with the cylinder and the reservoir
does not allow any more air to enter, and in proportion as the weight descends
so will the oil which drops be raised.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
They shew a view of a section of a table lamp having my improvements
anulied thereto The some letters indiante the came nente whanaune them

page_text: the lower than at the upper part; C is a half-round tube soldered upon the
outside of the cylinder, and through which the oil rises, communicating with
the reservoir through the small hole B; D is a ring soldered to the side of the
cylinder through which the tube C passes, and upon which is placed the
tube through which the oil flows to the burner L; N is a rod or support
to the burner, and is fixed in the groove M to keep it in its proper position;
E is a weight which may be of metal or other suitable material; F is a
covering of leather or other suitable substances; G is a metal plate placed
on this leather covering it to keep it in its proper position; H, a screw for
holding these three parts together, and to which may be attached a chain,
which chain is raised by means of a roller K with a key; P, P, the regulator
which serves at the same time as a wickholder. This regulator is a small
pipe of about one inch in height, the lower part of which is thicker than the
other part, and fits closely into the inner part of the burner; the upper part
is notched to retain the wick; at the lower part there are several notches
sufficiently deep to retain the oil which rises so as to keep the cotton properly
supplied.
Drawing No. 2, which shews a mode of constructing lamps according to my
improvements, having the capabilities of burners at different heights.-A is a
metal cylinder of the required height; C are the tubes fixed to the cylinders
which enter into the tube O; from these tubes O branch out the tubes P,
through which the oil passes flows to the burners; Q are the tubes through
which the oil which drops passes back into the reservoir; R is a tube through
which the oil flows to the upper burner; S is the tube through which passes
the oil which drops from the middle burner and falls into the reservoirs; E is
the weight which, pressing the oil in the cylinder, forces up the oil through the
tube C; this lowering or raising of this weight is arranged by a roller and
chain, as before described in Drawing No. 1.
Drawing No. 3 shews a suspended lamp, in which it will be seen that the
bars are lower than the reservoir which supplies them with oil. A, the
cylinder, which is hermetically closed; B is an outer cylinder into which
the cylinder A is placed, and which is suspended from the ceiling of the room
where it is being used; C are the tubes which conduct the oil to the burner;
fare the tubes through which the oil again passes into the reservoir g; h is the
tube through which the oil rises into the cylinder by the pressure of the weight
E, which descends and forces the oil up to the burner and forms a vacuum, and
thus draws up the oil which may be in the reservoir g; K is the roller for
raising the weight, as before described, and when the weight is raised it may
be enclose'l in a small case by a screw, as shewn; R is an opening through

page_text: which the oil is placed in the cylinder, which, when full, should be heremiti-
cally closed; and are small valves which prevent the air from entering into
the cylinder whilst the weight is being raised.
In order that the Invention may be more clearly understood, I have added
the Drawings, but I would not be understood as giving any precise form, nor
do I confine myself to the precise arrangements shewn so long as the peculiar
character of the Invention be retained. But what I claim is,
First, the mode of using a weight for forcing up the oil up an external tube
to be consumed, as shewn.
Secondly, I claim the regulator which is placed in the burner, and which
servés at the same time as a wickholder.
Thirdly, the mode of placing the tubes outside of the cylinder.
Fourthly, the forming a vacuum in the reservoir to raise the oil which
drops from the burners that are lower than the reservoir.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philip Jacob Kayser, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and forty-tren