Wrought Metal Radiator for Heating by Steam or Water Circulation.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Oct., 1899-Accepted, 2nd Dec., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Wrought Metal Radiator for Heating by Steam or Water Circulation.
I, FRANK ASHLEY WILMOT, Manufacturer, of Bridgeport, Fairfield County,
Connecticut, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object to provide a radiator made entirely of wrought
metal which shall be adapted to take the place of the cast metal radiators now
in general use in steam and hot water heating systems, my novel radiator being
much lighter, much stronger and much less expensive than cast metal radiators
and the material being adapted to be formed to any desired ornamental shape
or configuration thus enabling me to produce a neat, graceful and exceedingly
attractive radiator adapted for general use either in private houses or in public
buildings.
With these ends in view I have devised the novel wrought metal radiator which
I will now describe, referring by letters and numbers to the accompanying draw-
ings forming part of this specification, in which
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a radiator consisting of six of my novel sections,
two of the pipes in the two sections toward the right and the corresponding con-
nections being in section on the line 1-1 in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 an end elevation corresponding therewith, legs or bases by which the end
sections are supported being indicated by dotted lines in both figs.
Fig. 3 a plan view of one of my novel headers detached.
Fig. 4 an end elevation corresponding with Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 a section on the line 5-5 in Fig. 3.
end
Fig. 6a detail view partly in section, the pipes being broken away at the
center, showing that the upper header may be dispensed with and the
upper
of the pipes closed by caps, and also showing a form of lower header in which
the collars which receive the pipes are inverted, that is turned inward instead of
extending upward from the header.
Fig. 7a detail view showing in elevation, partially broken away, an inside
lower header and also showing as a modification that the collars which receive
the pipes may pass within the pipes instead of the pipes passing within the collars
as in the other form, and
Figure 8 is a detail sectional view on an enlarged scale showing the construc-
tion of passages through the headers for tie rods.
A denotes the pipes of my novel radiator, B the headers, C the tie rods and D
legs or bases.
The pipes are of wrought metal but the details of construction are not of the
essence of my invention. I preferably, however, use pipes made from sheet
metal the edges of which are secured together by clincher joints as in Patent
No. 6824 granted to me March 16, 1897. The legs or bases are preferably made
of wrought metal and of any desired shape or configuration. For the sake of
clearness I have indicated the bases by dotted lines only. It is simply essential
so far as my invention is concerned that the bases and headers be independent of
each other and that the bases be so constructed as to receive a header and hold it

page_text: firmly. Ordinarily the two end sections only of a radiator will be seated in legs
or bases. If the radiator is very long however, one or more of the intermediate
sections may rest in a leg or base. The upper and lower headers may be the same
so far as the principle of my invention is concerned, but the exact shape of the
header is of course not of the essence of my invention. For example in Figs. 1
and I have shown the upper and lower headers as differing from each other
in design although the principle is the same in both. The essential feature of
my novel header is that it is drawn and pressed to shape from a blank of wrought
metal. In practice the blank of metal is cupped and drawn by successive opera-
tions to the desired shape. In the completed header the base or closed end of the
cup .. the central portion of the blank, forms the inner face of the header as
at a. The edges of the open end of the cup, which are also the edges of the blank,
are closed in and secured so as to form a joint 11 on the outer face of the header
this joint for security being preferably a lap joint as shown in the drawing. At
the bottom of the cap, i.e. the central portion of the blank openings bare punched
to receive the pipes the metal surrounding these openings being ordinarily drawn
so as to form collars 10 which, in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, extend upward from the
header and receive the pipes within them.
In Fig. 6 I have illustrated a form of my invention applicable to steam radia-
tors in which the upper header is dispensed with and the upper ends of the pipes
are closed by caps 12. I have also illustrated in this form, as a modification, a
header, in this instance a lower header, in which the collars 10 instead of extend-
ing upward from the header are inverted, i.e. turned inward, said collars receiving
the pipes as in the other form. In Fig. 7 I have illustrated a form in which the
collars extend upward from the header as in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, but are made
smaller and are adapted to pass within the pipes instead of to receive the pipes
within them as in the other form. The shape of the collars and pipes in cross
section is of course not of the essence of my invention. In Fig. 3 I have illus-
trated collars made oval in cross section to receive oval pipes which I preferably
arrange in each section as shown in said fig., although as already intimated
these details of construction may be varied to suit the taste of the designer or the
requirements of the trade. E denotes a main steam or water pipe threaded at
its end to engage a threaded sleeve 13. This sleeve is preferably made angular
as shown to adapt it to receive a wrench by which it may be held while pipe E
is being turned to place. Sleeve 13 is secured to a radiator section the lower
header of which is especially adapted for use as a first section of a radiator by
having in its outer side an opening 14 surrounded by an outwardly turned
flange 15 and by having in its inner side an opening 16 surrounded by an out-
wardly turned flange 17. Sleeve 13 is secured to a sleeve 18 which is itself pro-
vided with an outwardly turned flange 19 which engages the inner side of the
section. Sleeve 18 is made just large enough to pass through opening 14 and
flange 15, flange 19 upon the inner side of said sleeve engaging the inner side of
the section as is clearly shown in Fig. 1. It will of course be understood that
these parts are rigidly secured together, ordinarily by the process of sweating,
so called.
The only difference between the first section and the intermediate sections is
that the lower header of each of the intermediate sections has an opening 16 in
each side, each opening being surrounded by a flange 17, and the only difference
between the intermediate sections and the last section is that the lower header
of the last section has an opening 16 in its inner side only. The mode in which
the sections are connected together at the bottom, or at both bottom and top if
preferred, is clearly illustrated in Fig. 1, in which fig. I have shown the sec-
tions as connected together at top and bottom, as would ordinarily be the case in
hot water radiators but would not ordinarily be necessary with steam radiators,
it being however wholly immaterial so far as my invention is concerned whether
the sections are connected at both top and bottom or only at the hottom, and
also whether or not upper headers are used at all. 20 denotes sleeves having at

page_text: their inner ends flanges 21 adapted to engage the inner sides of the sections. The
outer ends of each pair of sleeves 20 abutting against each other. 22 denotes
a double taper sleeve lying within sleeves 20. It will be noted in Fig. 1 that
sleeves 20 just pass closely through openings 16 and flanges 17, flanges 21 of said
sleeves closely engaging the inner sides of the sections and that said sleeves also
closely engage the double taper sleeve. After assembling, the parts are rigidly
secured together in any suitable manner as by the process of sweating, so called,
The tie rods which connect the sections together to form completed radiators
may be passed between the pipes or through the headers as preferred. When
they are passed through the headers the headers are provided in both sides with
counter-sunk openings 23. 24 denotes tubes which pass through the headers and
are provided at each end with flanges 25 which engage the counter-sinks sur-
rounding openings 23 as is clearly shown in Fig. 8. 26 denotes tubes surround-
ing tubes 24 the ends of which abut against and support the sides of the section.
It will be clearly understood from Fig. 8 that the flanges of tubes 24 render it
impossible for collapsing of the headers to take place under any circumstances
and that tubes 26 prevent the possibility of outward expansion of the headers.
27, see Fig. 8, in connection with Fig. 1, denotes tubes the ends of which abut
against continguous sections and register with tubes 24 through which the tie
rods pass. These tubes, in connection with the tie rods and nuts 28 thereon, hold
the sections rigidly in place and make the radiator as a whole strong and rigid.
This construction thus insures that the radiators while very much lighter than
any radiators now in use having an equal amount of radiating surface will also
be very much stronger than other radiators and able to stand a much higher
steam pressure without danger of either collapsing or bursting.
As above stated the header is formed by being cupped and drawn from a blank
of wrought metal. The central continuous portion of the blank which forms the
inner face of the header is also formed with openings to receive the pipes while
the edges of the blank are closed inward and joined together on the outer face of
the header, and the collars 10 are drawn from the central continuous portion of
the blank.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A radiator section comprising a series of wrought metal pipes and a header
cupped and drawn from wrought metal, the edges of the header blank being
closed in and secured on the outer face of the header and openings being formed
in the inner continuous face to receive the pipes.
2. A radiator section comprising a series of wrought metal pipes and a header
cupped and drawn from wrought metal, the edges of the header blank being
closed in and secured on the outer face of the header, openings being formed in
the inner continuous face thereof, and collars 10 being formed surrounding said
openings.
3. A radiator section consisting of a series of wrought metal pipes and upper
and lower headers cupped and drawn from wrought metal, the edges of the
header blanks being lapped and secured on the outer face thereof and collars
being formed on the inner continuous face to which the pipes are attached.
4. A radiator header cupped and drawn in one piece from a blank of wrought
metal, the edges of the blank being closed in and secured on the outer face there-
of and openings being formed in the inner continuous face to receive pipes.
Dated this 3rd day of October 1899
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.