Improvements in Type Line Forming Machines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Nov., 1892-Accepted, 31st Dec., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type Line Forming Machines.
I, ALEXANDER WILLIAM MAYNES, of No. 415 Perkins Street, Akron, State
of Ohio, United States of America, Business Manager, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in type line forming machines, and
specially to that class of devices which form upon a strip of impressible material,
successively, the different characters composing the words as well as the spaces
between the words of an ordinary newspaper line of composition. The device, as
illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and specially described in the subsequent
portion of this Specification consists in the main of the mechanisms for performing
certain functions as pointed out in the key description immediately following this
preamble.
There is provided a suitable compressible and non-elastic material, which in the
present instance is in the shape of a continuous band of lead, though this is not
absolutely necessary, or it may be of any analogous material, the only requirement
which it is obliged to meet is that of being susceptible of receiving suitable
impressions upon itself. This strip or band is automatically fed into the machine
in an intermittent manner. The feeding into the machine of the strip, ejects from
the composition stick an impressed line, the ejectment being done by a new portion
of the compressible material which is fed upon the composition stick, replacing the
impressed line just removed. It being understood that the expression "non-elastic
when used in reference to the material upon which the line is to be formed is not to
be construed as specifically limiting the invention to the use of soft metals such as
lead etc., but any material which after receiving manipulations to change its form
more or less will so remain whether the same be compressed or elongated or
whatever change of shape or form is given to it, in contradistinction to elastic
materials which are susceptible of having their form changed to suit various
requirements by suitable means, but as soon as the means which have effected this
change are removed the material will at once again assume its original form.
Hence as the term "compressible and non-elastic" material is subsequently used
herein, its meaning will bear interpretation after the manner just set forth.
After the stick has received a new line it is delivered to the forward part of
the machine in proper position contiguous to the impression orifice, the stick when
in this position is engaged on its under side by a feed screw; this feed screw carries
the stick and its line in a lateral direction upon a horizontal plane, the feeding of
which, however, is not in uniform impulses; for instance, the keys of the machine
which represent the characters to be used when they are played upon one after
another, bring into action suitable mechanism which feeds the stick through the
movement of the feed screw laterally, just the distance of the width of the character
to be formed, and since these characters are not of the same width, as for instance,
the letters I, M, N, being of different widths, require a different and variable
amount of new material to be presented above the impression orifice, for the
respective characters of which an impression is to be made. This is very simply
arranged and accomplished by a suitable pawl-clutch which engages the periphery
of one end of the feed screw or a suitable cylindrical section of the screw.
pawl-clutch is operated through a suitable connecting link, which receives its
impulses from a rock shaft having a series of tumblers thereon, which are adapted
to be moved independently of each other, there being as many of these tumblers as
there are key levers in the machine. The key levers of the machine, corre-
sponding to the characters of different widths, engage their respective tumblers of
This

page_text: the rock shaft, irrespective of each other, the different or variable movement of
the feed screw corresponding to the variable widths of the several characters,
is obtained by making the tumblers for these several characters of different lengths,
so as to cause the rock-shaft to have more or less movement, according to the
character being used.
There is also provided a suitable supporting clamp which abuts the line, which
is held upon the composition stick and tightly holds the same against the stick.
The spaces between words are produced by a key and its connections in the
machine, in a similar manner to the operation of any of the characters, the spaces
upon the line being all of a uniform shape and of a minimum width.
In connection with the impression location of the stick, mechanism adjacent to
the base of the line is provided, which in this instance in the position that the line
is now held in the stick, would be the upper edge thereof; this mechanism serves
to notch the line directly opposite, and of a like width to the spaces between
the words of the composition on the opposite edge of the line for the purposes
hereinafter described.
Contiguous to the preceding mechanism, there is also provided. what is
denominated the paragraphing device; this device serves the purpose of more
quickly effecting the formation of long blank spaces upon the lines, or of any
spaces which exceed in width the ordinary spaces placed between the words of a
sentence; as for instance the short space preceding the beginning of every
paragraph, and likewise the long spaces which are likely to occur in the ending of
a paragraph where the last word forms the beginning of the last line. These
longer blank spaces could of course be made by the ordinary spaces of the machine,
but the time used would very materially affect the rapidity of operation of the
machine, for the reason that the space-key would need to be operated as many
times as were necessary to form the entire length of the blank space, while with
this paragraphing device one is enabled to expeditiously form these extraordinary
spaces at one operation.
As a means of support to the line directly opposite the impression orifice, a
suitable base is provided, extending from side to side of the machine, directly in
front of the impression position of the composition stick and thus support the line
firmly as against any displacement thereof, during the operation of impressing the
successive characters upon the same. When the entire line has received its proper
and complete impressions, this support is moved laterally a slight distance so
as not to obstruct the free movement of the stick with the impressed line thereon,
from the forward or impression position to the rearward or delivery position
thereof.
The character keys in their connection are not unlike the mechanism of well
known forms of type-writing machines. The matrix stems have lengthwise
movements in the type-bars of the machine, the type-bars being arranged radially
so as to bring each letter or character of the machine to a uniform central position
directly in line with the impression orifice, and when a certain key is operated, its
corresponding type-bar with its matrix stem is brought into position directly
beneath the impression orifice.
To effect this position of the type-bar and its matrix, the first or greater portion
of the movement of the key lever is required while the latter part of the movement
of the key-lever throws into operation a suitable power mechanism which operates
a plunger that engages the matrix stem from beneath, and impresses the same upon
the line which is directly above the impression orifice, and upon the release of the
keys, this plunger is instantly retracted, allowing the matrix stem to drop out of
the impression orifice, thus enabling the type-bar to again move back to its normal
or in-operative position.
When the line has received its entire impression, the composition stick is moved
rearward into the delivery position where the impressed line is removed therefrom
in a direction toward the justifying mechanism, by reason of the feeding in of a
new portion of the impressible material. It will be understood that in the delivery

page_text: position of the stick, the impressed edge of the line is presented in an upward
direction, while the base of the line is now upon the under side thereof, presenting
the counterpart space notches in a downward direction, and while the same is being
ejected from the composition stick, these counterpart space notches, as they may be
called, effect the movement of a counting-wheel, which when the line has passed
entirely over the same, will have counted, or in other words, have summed up the
aggregate number of spaces.
The blank line when being cut off is left the full length of the width of an
ordinary newspaper column, and if the composition impressed thereon fills up the
entire line, then, obviously there is no need of any justifying; but suppose the line
is shortened, say of an inch more or less, by reason of a subsequent word following
the last one which was impressed thereon, being too long to be sub-divided, the line
will be cut off at this point, before the composition stick in its rearward movement,
delivers the line in front of the justifying mechanism, thus leaving the line short
of the required length.
The lines as they are ejected from the composition stick, as before stated, pass over
the counting-wheel and before they enter the justifying chamber, the forward end
of the line engages with a suitable pawl of a rack-bar located directly in the path
of the line; this engagement of the line with the pawl serves to move the rack-bar
lengthwise or with the line; by so doing the rack-bar actuates suitable pinions,
which in turn move other rack-bars at right angles to the one just mentioned; these
latter rack-bars are united by a tubular guide which serves the purpose of raising
and lowering a sliding cross-head; this cross-head has pivoted relation to a con-
necting link, which at its other end is secured to a rack-bar which is placed to one
side of the path of the impressed line, the same being actuated by a pinion integral
with the counting-wheel previously mentioned.
Upon the link which leads from the rack-bar to the cross-head in the tubular
guide, is placed a wedge shaped block, which as the link, its cross-head, the tubular
guide and the racks thereof are raised or lowered, the wedge shaped block is
correspondingly raised or lowered; and as it is raised or lowered, by reason of the
wedge shaped portion, the block is moved transversely toward or from the chamber
through which the line passes while being justified. This wedge shaped block by
its forward face actuates a justifying compressor. Upon the opposite side of the
justifying chamber is placed an intermittently reciprocating justifying compressor,
this compressor is directly opposite the one just mentioned, and is actuated by a
suitable crank and connecting link which actuates a cross-head adapted to slide
within the casing of the justifying compressor, without effecting any movement of
the compressor. When this justifying compressor is operated, which operation
occurs only when the line with the space between words and the space notches
are directly between the two justifying compressors, the line is compressed and
elongated.
The mechanism which regulates the movements of the justifying compressors as
against the line of composition to justify the same at the proper time is effected
through the medium of a projecting toe which is integral with the casing of the
reciprocating justifying compressor, the same projecting across the path and under-
neath the line, being held in contact against the under edge of the line by a suitable
spring. It will be observed that as the line passes above this toe, the moment a
space-notch is delivered above the same, the toe will enter the said notch, and by
reason of this upward movement of the toe as well as the justifying compressor
casing, the constant reciprocations of the cross-head within the said casing are
made operative, thus compressing the line directly opposite each space upon both
of its sides to just the proper amount necessary to elongate the line sufficiently to
take up the slack thereof. It will be understood that the justifying chamber in
cross section is greater than the cross section of the line to be justified, thus if the
wedge shaped block be raised more or less, the justifying compressors will compress
the line more or less, according to the direction given by the position of this
block the position of this block depending upon the number of spaces in the line

page_text: and the amount of slack to be taken up; in other words, by reason of the counting-
wheel recognizing the number of spaces in the line, and the pawl and rack which
are placed in the path of the line as it enters the justifying chamber, taking account
of the amount of slack of the line, the wedge shaped block is placed in position
accordingly. The pawl of the rack-bar just mentioned is retracted at the proper
moment so as to leave the rack-bar standing idle while the line is moved into the
justifying chamber, and a full length line entering the justifying mechanism the
rack-bar would be moved to its full extent thus dropping the wedge shaped block
to its lowest point, hence making the justifying compressors inoperative; but should
a line pass into the justifying chamber, which was considerably shorter than the
required length, it would follow that the rack-bar would be moved but a little, if
any at all, leaving the wedge shaped block at its upper position, making the
justifying compressors to be operative to their full extent; or on the other hand,
should a line pass into the justifying mechanism that was any length about midway
between the two examples cited, the wedge shaped block would stand at about a median
position, thus allowing the justifying compressors to be operative to about one half
their full extent. The lower wall of that part of the justifying chamber over the
galley is formed by a movable supporting plate, upon which the line rests; this
plate is made to snub back so as to allow the line to drop clearly without any
hindrance into the galley, the plate being supported upon a reciprocating cross-head
which moves the delivered line laterally in the galley a sufficient distance to make
room for the delivery therein of the subsequent line.
:―
The consecutive functions or operations of the device are as follows:-
First Feeding into the machine a continuous strip of impressible material, the
strip being formed with a dove-tail groove upon one side, the purpose of which is to
receive a dove-tail which is formed upon the forward side of the composition stick,
and thus hold the impressible line in operative position during the different move-
ments of the said stick.
i
Second Severing the continuous strip into the proper lengths one by one after
the strip has passed upon the composition stick.
Third Consisting of certain movements of the composition stick which in reality
are not a complete step in themselves. The same consisting in the change of the
composition stick from its rearward to a forward position. The forward position
The rear
placing the impressible "line" directly above the impression orifice.
position may be denominated, the delivery location of the stick, while the forward
location of the same can be called the impression position thereof. This function
includes the "idle feed" of the stick from the left hand side of the machine to the
right hand side thereof, so as to present the "material" above the impression
orifice.
Fourth Consisting essentially in operating the character forming mechanism,
its connections with the operating keys of the machine including the devices which
serve to impress the characters matrices upon the impressible line which is held
upon the composition stick directly above the impression orifice, as well as the
means for firmly holding the line in position while it is being impressed.
Fifth After the line has been formed, vibrating the stick rearwardly into the
same position as it occupied in the third operation. While in this position of the
stick the following changes in the line occur;—
The impressed line is ejected or removed from the dove-tail guide support of the
composition stick, by reason of the delivery of a new portion of the impressible
material (by the feed rollers of No. 1) upon the composition stick, thus moving the
impressed line entirely from off the stick in a direction toward the justifying
mechanism.
Sixth Ejecting the impressed line from the composition stick.
Seventh Justifying of the line and retracting or bringing the justifying devices
to their normal or original position again, after the justifying has taken place.
Eighth Delivering the line in its complete state from the justifying mechanism
directly into the galley, placing the successive lines in their proper order so that

page_text: when a suitable number of lines have been so delivered, a proof of the entire series
may be taken, and if correct the matter delivered to the stereotyping department.
In numbers of instances the lines as assembled in the galley may be locked in a
form and placed on a printing press, direct without the intervention of making a
stereotype thereof.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the entire machine.
Fig. 2 is a top plan view showing the stick in its delivery position.
Fig. 3 is a top plan view showing the stick in its impression position.
Fig. 4 is an elevation of the right hand end of the machine.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of the mechanism which feeds the strip of material into the
machine.
Fig. 6 is an inside elevation, partly in section, of the same.
Fig. 7 is an end elevation in section of the justifying feed device, detached and
enlarged.
Fig. 8 is a side elevation, partly in section of the same.
Fig. 9 is an inside elevation of the justifying feed mechanism showing the same
in its raised position in engagment with the strip feeding mechanism.
Fig. 10 is a similar view to Fig. 7 excepting that in addition is shown contiguous
thereto a portion of the strip feeding device. The position of the justifying feed
mechanism in this figure is opposite to that shown in Fig. 9.
Fig. 11 is a right hand elevation of the mechanism for operating the shear which
severs the continuous length of the material.
Fig. 12 is a detailed elevation of a rocking segment forming part of the severing
device.
Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 11 showing the parts in their opposite and
engaged position.
Fig. 13 is an elevation of the cutter shaft and its connections partly in section.
Fig. 14 is a view similar to Fig. 13 showing the parts in their opposite position.
Fig. 15 is a plan view of the toothed bell crank and its relation to the strip of
material.
Fig. 16 is an end elevation of the same.
Fig. 17 is an inside end elevation of the shear showing its relation to the material
to be cut.
Fig. 18 is a view similar to Fig. 17 showing the shear in the operation of severing
the material.
Fig. 19 is an inside elevation of the mechanism which effects the idle feed of the
composition stick showing the same in a position of rest.
Fig. 19 is a view similar to Fig. 19 showing the parts in their operative
relation.
Fig. 20 is an elevation partly in section of the idle feed device showing the parts
in operative relation.
Fig. 21 is a similar view to Fig. 20 showing the parts in a position of rest.
Fig. 22 is a cross section view of the machine about central thereof showing the
parts in their normal position of rest.
Fig. 22 is a detached elevation of a latch forming part of the impression device.
Fig. 23 is a similar view to Fig. 22 showing the parts in their opposite positions.
Fig. 24 is a side elevation showing the relation between the space key and the
space notching device.
Fig. 25 is an end elevation of the feed screw showing the relation of the pawl
clutch for effecting the rotation thereof.
Fig. 26 is a side elevation of the same.
Fig. 27 is a detailed section of the rock shaft, and the tumblers thereon.
Fig. 28 is a front elevation of the feed screw and a portion of a back of the
tumblers in their relation to the key or character levers.
Fig. 29 is a side elevation of the same, while

page_text: Fig. 30 is an elevation of the right hand portion of these tumblers, upon their rock
shaft.
Fig. 31 is an end elevation of the rock shaft showing the tumblers thereon.
Fig. 32 is a plan view of a series of tumblers showing the variable lengths of
their projecting arms.
Fig. 33 is an end elevation of the crank upon the rock shaft which is connected
with the pawl clutch.
Fig. 34 is a plan view of the right hand end of the rock shaft showing the
tumblers thereon.
Fig. 35 is a perspective view showing the relation of the feed screw, its pawl
clutch, and one of the character keys.
Fig. 36 is a perspective view showing the stick at its extreme left end position.
Fig. 37 is a top plan view of the forward support of the machine which carries
the space notching device, as well as the impression support for the “line."
Fig. 38 is a top plan view with this latter feature removed.
Fig. 39 is a rear elevation of the entire support.
Fig. 40 is a bottom plan view of the same."
Fig. 41 is a front elevation thereof, while
Fig. 42 is a cross section of the same, on the line ab of Fig. 37.
Fig. 43 is an elevation partly in section of the space notching device, and
Fig. 44 is an end elevation and means for actuating the same.
Fig. 45 is an end elevation of the actuating space notching disks.
Fig. 46 is a top plan view of the paragraphing device.
Fig. 47 is a detailed elevation in section of the same.
Fig. 48 is an elevation partly in section of the justifying compressors.
Fig. 48 is an end elevation partly in section of the wedge justifying compressor.
Fig. 49 is a top plan view of the justifying compressors.
Fig. 50 is a detailed elevation partly in section of the casing of the recipro-
cating justifying compressor.
Fig. 51 is an elevation of a wedge and compressor therefor forming the stationary
part of the justifying mechanism.
Fig. 52 is a side elevation and plan of the reciprocating cross-head.
Fig. 53 is a plan and side elevation of its operating link.
Fig. 54 is a front elevation of the recess for the stationary justifying compressor,
while
Fig. 55 is a front elevation of the die itself.
Fig. 56 is a longitudinal section of the machine showing the feed rollers, the
justifying mechanism, etc.
Fig. 57 is an elevation showing the counting-wheel, its pinion and the rack
therefor.
Fig. 58 is a detailed plan view partly in section, of the counting-wheel.
Fig. 59 is a detailed view of the same showing the relation between the counting-
wheel and the impressed line.
Figs. 60 and 61 are modifications of the counting wheel shown in the three
preceding figures.
Fig. 62 is an inside elevation of the mechanism which is adapted, at the proper
time to bring the justifying mechanism to rest.
Fig. 63 is a plan view thereof.
Fig. 64 is a detailed side elevation of the device shown in Fig. 63.
Fig. 65 is a view similar to Fig. 64 showing the parts in their opposite 5
position.
Fig. 66 is a plan view of the rack bar and the pinions which impart its motion to
another portion of the justifying mechanism.
Fig. 67 is a view of the under side of the rack bar, detached.
Fig. 68 is a view similar to Fig. 65, showing the parts in about an intermediate 5
position.

page_text: Fig. 69 is a front elevation of the rack bar and the connections therein.
Fig. 70 is an end elevation of the mechanism for delivering the impressed line
into the galley.
Fig. 71 is a top plan view of the reciprocating cross head which delivers the
formed lines into the galley.
Fig. 72 is a top plan view of the reciprocating supporting plate which rests
upon the cross head shown in Fig. 71.
Fig. 73 is a section of the same.
Fig. 74 is a plan view of the device for retracting the justifying mechanism.
Fig. 75 is a left hand end elevation of the same.
Figs. 76, 77, 79, are detailed views of the same.
Fig. 78 is a front elevation of this mechanism.
Fig. 80 is a view showing the two impressed lines, the one at the beginning of a
paragraph, and the other at the ending thereof.
Fig. 81 is a perspective view of a justified impressed line of composition.
Fig. 82 is a top plan view, showing portions of the machine removed.
Fig. 83 is a front elevation of the same partly in section.
The machine in the main consists of a frame not unlike a typewriter in form,
having a key board upon its forward side, and about midway between its front and
rear edges is placed the feed mechanism, at which point also occurs the delivering
of an impressed line from the composition stick into the justifying mechanism.
To the rear side of the machine is placed the main shaft which drives the entire
mechanism, power being supplied thereto in any suitable manner. Upon the left
hand side is placed the justifying device and the galley, while upon the right hand
side are located the handle for changing the position of the stick and the mechanism
for cutting off the continuous length of the material.
The mechanism for feeding in the continuous impressible strip which composes
the first function is described as follows, viz. :-
of
It will be borne in mind that the feed mechanism must be in action only when
the composition stick is in its delivery position, where an impressed line is being
forced out and a new blank fed in. To accomplish this result a feed roller,
some yielding material is placed on each side of the continuous blank 1. The means
for setting these rolls in motion and so feeding the proper length of material into
the stick are as follows:-
The operator draws the arm 3 towards him, and this movement through the
toothed segments 4 and 5, the shaft 6 and its feather throws the stick 7 over into
its rearward or delivery position on the rear side of the shaft 6 (Figure 6). This
brings the stick directly in line with the strip 1, which, when the stick is in this
position, has a straight and almost continuous channel reaching from the right side
of the machine quite through to the left side of the galley. It will be seen that
the arm 3, by gears 4-5 is connected with the rod 8. Through this connection
the movement which shifts the stick from one position to the other, turns the
shaft 9 about ninety degrees, raising the attached arın 10 to an upright position,
thus removing its head 11 from the type channel; the use of which will be here-
after explained., Now while the arm 10 is made to turn with the shaft 9 by means
of a feather, it is yet adapted by its sleeve to slide freely upon the said shaft from
the flange 13 to the left hand end. Having reached the end of the shaft, the
shaft 9 and sleeve 12 are rocked about ninety degrees, as before described, in a
rearward direction, when the rack teeth 16 which are plainly shown on the sleeve 12
are at once engaged by the gear 14 (Figures 9 and 10). At the same time the
flange 15 integral with the sleeve 12 engages the top of the spindle 17, thus
depressing the same, causing the clutch 18 near its lower end to engage the bevel
gear 19 which is driven by a companion bevel gear 20 on the main shaft 21.
suitable driving pulley is secured to the shaft 21. Until the clutch 18 engages the
gear 19, the gear 14, the spindle 17, cam wheel 23, gears 24 and 25, and feed
rollers 2 are quiescent. Now, being operatively connected to the gear, 19, they
The grooves 26 engage the pins 27 on the gear wheel 22, causing said wheel
move.
A

page_text: to revolve. These pins touch first on the outer edge of the face 28, and as the
gear, 19, moves in the direction of the arrow, the pin, 27, first slides along the
face, 28, toward the center of gears, 19 and 22, when it again moves farther away
from the center of gear 19, until it reaches the toc or extension of the outer side
wall of the groove, 26, which projects beyond the face, 28. As the pins, 27, engage
this side wall of the groove, 26, they are drawn into the groove itself, thus moving
the wheel, 22, in a backward direction until the pin has passed out of the rear side
of the cam groove; where it remains until a half revolution of the gear, 19, brings
the other face, 28, of the cam against another pin, 27, when the same set of move-
ments occur again, for purposes hereinafter described.
The pin being in the position shown, as the cam 23 revolves, the pin slides
along the face as the wheels are moved. When the pin is disengaged at the
outer end of the face it is caught by the groove 26 as shown, which causes the
wheel 22 to move backwards a short distance for the purposes hereinafter
described.
The motion of the wheel 22 is communicated to the feed rollers 2, which not
only feed the strip 1 upon the stick 7, but they also force the impressed line off,
and as it must be moved so as to present its trailing end directly over the center
of the counter, the new strip whose forward end is in the same position must be
withdrawn until it is even with the end of composition stick: hence the necessity
of this slight backward motion of the feeding mechanism by reason of the gear 22
upon the strip 1.
The moment the gear wheel 14 engages the rack on 12 the clutch 18 engages
the gear 19. This carries the sleeve 12 back against the flange 13. As it reaches
this position a notch 29 in the rib or flange 15 allows the spindle 17 to move
upward and thereby disengage the clutch 18 by the spiral spring under the
spindle 17. All of these members are so timed in their movements that the exact
length of lead is left in the stick, the length of a full column width.
A shaft 30 is placed directly beneath the line of movement of the impressible
material 1 and parallel to it, at the right hand side of the machine.
On the inner end of this shaft is a cutter 31, while its outer end carries a rock
arm 32 in which is placed a spring actuated pawl 33. At the upper end of this rock
arm 32 is pivoted a small toothed bell crank 34 presenting one of its arms against
the pawl, while its other or upwardly projecting arm has a tooth upon its side
adjacent to the material as it passes into the machine. (See Fig. 15.)
An idle rocking segment.35 is pivotted on the cutter shaft 30 just inside of the
rock arm 32 which carries the pawl 33. It is connected by a link 36 to the main
shaft 21 and has constant oscillations as long as the main shaft is actuated. Its
operation is as follows
When the continuous length of the impressible material 1 is at rest or moving
into the machine, the idling segment 35 is oscillated without imparting movement
to any of the adjacent parts, but as soon as the material 1, which in ejecting a
formed line from off the stick has passed a little beyond the edge of the same in
order that the trailing end of the line should be left central over the counting
wheel, the new material being required to be withdrawn again just this distance
by the feed rollers 2; as soon as this motion of material 1 commences, the toothed
bell crank 34 bites into the material 1 just as long as the same is moving rear-
wardly, thus depressing the pawl 33, as against its spring, into a recess 37 of the
idling segment 35 which then carries the rock arm 32 with it, and through this
movement the cutter 31 is brought against the material 1 between the stick 7 and
the feeding in housing 38, from beneath, thus severing the same flush with the
face of the stick 7.
By referring to Figs. 17 & 18 it will be observed that the knife 31 has some
distance to move before it engages the material 1, which in connection with the
under cut recess 37 in the idling segment 35 which is engaged by the pawl 33
serves to make the knife 31 inoperative until the material 1 has been withdrawn
the proper distance and has stopped.

page_text: The toothed bell crank 34 serves only to latch the pawl 33 aud the segment 35
together and since the movement of these parts when cutting, is such as to hold
them together, it will be apparent that when they again move in the opposite
direction the pawl 33 will pull out from under the recess 37 and by its spring be
again raised ready for subsequent operation. The pawl 33 though withdrawn from
the recess 37 remains in the path of movement of a rear flange or lug of the
recess 37 which serves, as the segment 35 is rocked in a forward direction to
carry with it the rock arm 32 as well as the knife 31 into an inoperative position
ready to be again set in action by the bell crank 34, as previously described.
The stick 7 being filled and the material being cut off from the continuous
strip 1 which may be of indefinite length, the operator, by means of the arm 3 and
a movement thereof in a rearward direction, moves the stick 7 into its impression
or second position over the impression orifice 38 of the character forming
mechanism to receive its impressions similar to any previous lines. As the stick
swings forward it occupies the same position, as when a line was entirely
impressed. Now in order that the characters may begin at the proper time, it is
necessary to move the stick to the extreme right hand portion of the machine so
that the left hand end is just over the impression orifice 38.
This movement may be called the "idle feed" of the stick, since its reverse
inovement is directly associated with the impression of the characters upon the
line, while the movement referred to simply effects the delivery in a horizontal
direction of the line of compressible material; hence the term "idle feed" in
contradistinction to the periodic feed between the impressions being made.
66
The idle feed" of the stick 7 is accomplished in the following manner;—
Inside of the frame upon the end of the eccentric shaft 39 which actuates the
justifying dies and the galley cross head, is placed a disk 40 which is adjacent to
the pawl clutch disk 41 upon the feed screw 42. At its left hand end in front of
the eccentric shaft disk 40 is a rock arm 43 which is pivoted to the frame; the
free end of this arm is actuated periodically by a cam 44 upon the oscillating
shaft 6 which serves to swing the stick 7 from its one position to the other, the
depending end of this rock arm 43 has pivoted thereto a link 45 whose free end
carries preferably a rubber roller 46, which as the free end of the rock arm 43 is
depressed by the cam 44 will come into engagement with the disk 40 on the con-
stantly rotating eccentric shaft 39, and also with the pawl clutch disk 41 thus
imparting a rapid rotation to the latter, and with it move the feed screw 42 and
carry the stick 7 laterally to its starting position over the impression orifice 48.
Figs. 19 and 19 show the two positions of this rock arm.
When the stick 7 is moved into its impression position the cam 44 is latched
or held upon the shaft and moves with the stick, thus throwing into operation
the "back feed" apparatus. When the stick 7 has reached the extreme right
hand position it engages with projections 48 of a rod 47 which extend through
slots 49 of the hollow shaft 6 and thus move the rod 47 end wise against a spring 50
disconnecting the other end of this rod from the cam 44 which being free is
raised up by the gravitating rock arm 43, throwing the cam and its notches 51
between the clutch projections 52 of the rod 47. (See Fig. 21.)
As the stick is moved to a rear position the cam turns with it because the
clutch rod 47 is held against the face of the cam 44 by the spring tension 50 thus
carrying the cam 44, rearwardly where it strikes a projecting pin 63 which stops
the cam while the stick 7 continues to move into its delivery position; the
stopping of the cam 44 allows the clutch rod 47 to pass into engagement with the
notches 51 of the clutch, thus as the stick 7 moves forward the cam 44 is locked.
to its shaft 47 and moves with it thereby throwing into operation the "idle
feed" mechanism as described. The clutch rod 47 and its connections are shown
in Figs. 20 and 21.
The matrix stem 54 slides freely through the socket 55 at the end of the type
arm 56, presenting itself directly over the plunger 57. Each letter, space and
character in the key board is connected by suitable links 58 to the rock shaft 59 in
B

page_text: such a manner that when a key is actuated, the shaft, by its rock arm, reciprocates
the rod 60 against the latch 61 (which, when not in action, has the position indicated
in Fig. 22) and forces it into operative relation beneath the plunger 57 as
represented in Fig. 23. This latch 61 is pivoted in the short arm of the bell crank 62
which is actuated through the rock shaft 200, this being connected back to the
main shaft 21 through the connecting rod 64. The rocker arms 63 are connected
to the rock shaft 200 at their lower ends, and pass upon each side of the
paragraphing device.
It will be observed that on the bottom of a projection 65 from the hub of the
latch 61 are two flat faces 66 located at an angle with respect to each other, the
one resting on the end of the spring 67. When not in action the latch 61 is held
on the face to the rear of the one now occupied by the spring 67, the said spring
holding the same upon either face by its pressure thereon. When the latch 61 is
in action it is held on the other face 66 by the same pressure. As the latch 61 is
thrown into gear by the rod 60, the power transmitted from the main shaft 21
through the bell crank 62 and plunger 57 to the matrix stem 54 makes the
impression, forming a raised letter or character upon the line of impressible material
held upon the stick 7.
As the latch 61 is only thrown into position by the character keys, the keys will
work very easily, and the impression being made by power, as described, will be
uniform, and as deep as required.
The forward lower face of the latch 61, it will be observed, projects beyond the
spring 67, as the plunger 57 is retracted.
When the bell crank 62 is rocked, the latch 61 moving with it engages the
projection above mentioned with the stop 68 and is thereby thrown out of
connection with the plunger 57, disengaging its long arm from the notch 69 in the
plunger 57 and remaining out of engagement until moved in again by a subsequent
key.
This arrangement of parts is made so that only one impression upon the line will
result from one movement of the key, the latch being thrown into connection by the
key and disengaged again on the return stroke of the plunger actuating mechanism,
as described.
The plunger 57 has a projecting pin which extends through a slot 71 of its
housing 72. To this pin is pivoted a link 73 which connects with a toggle joint 74
located in front of the stick 7 and under the frame 75 which supports the
paragraphing device. The one member of this joint is adjustably secured to the
said frame by a set screw 76 and the other has pivotal connection with a supporting
wing 77, which serves to securely hold the line of impressible material against the
composition stick 7 during the impression of each character. This is effected by
the movement of the plunger 57, which, as it moves upward, carries the link 73
above mentioned, in the same direction thus tending to straighten the toggle
joint 74 and move the supporting wing 77 firmly against the line on the stick 7, and
thus ensure a clean and sharp impression of the characters and avoid any bulging
or increasing of the line's thickness while being impressed.
On the upper side of the support 75 which carries the paragraphing device is
placed a movable plate 78 having a toe or rearward projection 79, which as the
stick is moved into the impressible position, is situated considerably to one side of
its path so that as the stick is idly moved to the right hand of the machine the
impressible material on the stick will pass thereunder. Before commencing to form
characters upon the line the toe 79, by means of a handle 80 and connecting
links 81, is moved entirely to the left hand end of said line. As the successive
characters are formed, the line is supported upon its edge, opposite the one being
impressed by the toe 79, and is thus held securely against the movement of the
plunger 57 which forces the matrix stem 54 into the material. When the stick 7 is
fed along, the line simply slides heneath this toe 79. After the line is completed
the toe is yet over the one end thereof. Now in order that the stick 7 may be
swung into its delivery position, the toe 79 is moved from above the line in a lateral

page_text: direction by a hand lever 80 previously described, and it remains in this position
until the stick with a new line is brought from the delivery to the impression
position then when the stick 7 is moved to the right hand side of the toe 79 does
not quite cover the extreme left hand end of the line. Before the keys are used the
toe 79 is moved entirely over this part of the line, as already described.
:
By referring to the stick 7 while in its impression position, it will be seen above,
and in engagement with the feed screw 42. The face now engaged by the feed
screw becomes its upper side in the delivery position.
As represented, the stick 7 upon its one side has a semi-circular groove in which
is formed a half nut fitting the feed screw 42, since the stick 7 engages only a
portion of the circumference of the feed screw, the same can be readily engaged
and disengaged therefrom. At the left end of the screw 42 is a pawl clutch 82
which is connected by a link 83, with the rock shaft 84. This shaft 84 is provided
with tumblers 85, projecting therefrom at unequal lengths. These are connected
by links 86 with the key levers 87 located slightly above. Any one of these key
levers and links will actuate the shaft 84 but those remaining idle will not be
disturbed by the movement of any adjacent keys. As the key levers have an equal
movement, the variable length of the tumblers 8 will cause a greater or less degree
of rotation in the rock shaft 84 and consequently a like variation of movement in
the feed screw 42 and the stick 7. This arrangement of parts, with a proper
length of the tumblers 85, will give each character its proper space, i.e. a
given space of the impressible line to a narrow character and a larger amount of
the material to a wider character, so that as the width of characters varies, the
amount of material presented for each subsequent impression likewise varies if
subsequent characters demand the same, in contradistinction to the ordinary
regular feed of typewriters.
The beginning of a paragraph is usually some distance in from the edge of a
column, and the last word thereof may occur so near the edge as to leave almost a
whole line blank. (Fig. 80.) Unless the metal is cut away to some depth at this
blank space the ink roller is liable to touch the metal at this point and the
subsequent impression will reach the ink, thus making an unsightly blur in the line.
The removal of the surplus metal is effected as follows;-A plate 88, preferably
of steel, is secured to the plate 89 and also to the supporting bar 75 which spans the
space between the side frames and also supports the space notching mechanism.
On this plate 88 the slides 90 and 91 are fitted between suitable guides 92. These
slides, as shown, are placed with their cutting ends 93 contiguous to the line of
impressible material, being adjacent to that portion which projects below the
composition stick 7. A rock shaft 94, is supported by the plate 88 in the
bearings 95, as well as the central bearing 96. On its ends are placed the rock
arms 97 which are connected to and actuated by the rock arm 63 through links 98.
The shaft 94 is hollow and in different sections. On each side of the middle
bearing 96 is a loose tubular piece 99, having arms 100 on the lower side which
engage the slides 90 and 91 through slots made in them for that purpose. On each
piece of the solid shaft feathers 101 are fixed, and notches 102 to engage these
feathers are cut in the loose pieces 99, and also corresponding slots 103 in the hollow
shaft 94 from which the feathers 101 are never disengaged.
A groove is turned at 104 in the outer end of each piece of the solid shaft 105
by which it is connected through links 195, bell cranks 196 connecting rods 197,
cranks 198 and shafts 199 with the paragraphing keys 106. The solid shafts, or
cores 105, slide easily within the hollow shaft 94. The hollow shaft and its core
receive a constant rocking motion from the arm 63 which receives its motion from
the crank on the inain shaft 21. (See Fig. 22.)
To make the blank space at the beginning of a paragraph, the left hand key 106,
is moved, and through its connections it thrusts the solid shaft 105, (Fig. 47) into
the hollow one so far that the feathers 101 engage the notches 102 in the loose
tube 99 when it rocks with the rest of the shaft and by its projection 100 thrusts
forward the slide 90 which cuts the desired space out of the line. A similar move-

page_text: ment of the right hand key 106 cuts away the surplus lead at the conclusion of a
paragraph. The clutches 101 are disengaged at once as the keys return to their
normal position.
It will be observed that the slide 91 is much wider than its companion 90. This
is owing to the fact that the space at the beginning of a paragraph is quite narrow
and very uniform, while that at the close may vary from a fraction of an inch to
nearly the entire line. (See Fig. 80.) Therefore, 91 the wider slide, is made
wide enough to remove the greater part of a line, which for any reason may be
left blank.
As these paragraph blanks are formed close to the first or last letter of the
paragraph. the slides are placed close beside the center piece 79 which presses its
end against the edge of the line at the point where the impression is being made
upon its edge.
When any composition is not divided into paragraphs, and full lines are to be
formed, it often occurs that words and spaces will not perfectly fill the line, or in
the printer's terms, they will not "justify." In such cases a piece of unused lead
will remain at the end of the strip, which must be cut off and the line filled out
by subsequent justifying. This work is accomplished in the following manner;-
By striking a suitable key 201 a chisel 202 is driven into the line which is
yet held upon the stick. By operating the spacing key the stick is moved to
expose the unimpressed portion of the line, the line during such movements
remaining stationary, the stick sliding thereon. When the stick has moved the
required distance the surplus lead projects and it is cut off by a knife 194
supported by parts 193-192 in the path of the line as it is vibrated into its
delivery position.
When the stick has moved along the amount of the unimpressed portion of the
line, it has not yet moved its full distance toward the left of the machine and it is
not vibrated rearwardly until it has moved into the position where the knife 194
will register with the rear edge of the stick as the stick is vibrated rearwardly, so
as to insure the cutting off of the unimpressed portion of the formed line, which
portion varies in length upon different lines; hence the necessity of moving the
stick to a determined position before it is vibrated or rocked rearwardly. Should
the line for any reason project beyond the stick the knife 194 will trim the
same. The chisel referred to serves to hold the line while the stick is being fed
along.
On the stick 7, a rib 107 is formed. (See Fig. 22.) Under it a standard 108 is
fixed to the frame. This prevents the raising of the stick before it reaches the
end of the line. The line being impressed, the stick is fed along until its right hand
edge is in the position which is occupied when the stick was vibrated forward.
Lying across the front and top of the frame is the support 75 for the paragraphing
device. This support not only carries the supporting wing 77 and projecting toe 79
for holding the line firmly upon the stick 7 while being impressed by the matrix
stem 54, but it also supports the hollow shaft 109 provided with a short arm 110
about midway of its ends.
This hollow shaft has thereon a disk 111, at the end towards the shaft 39, and
this disk is provided with a notch 112, cut in its periphery. Through the hollow
shaft passes a hollow shaft 113, which has a disk 114 similar to that on the hollow
shaft 109, the same being located adjacent thereto. On the shaft 39 an eccentric 115
is placed with a projecting arm 116 whose end is held in contact with the disks before
inentioned by the spring 117 beneath it. When the notches 112 and 118 in the
disks coincide the end of the eccentric's arms 116 will engage and impart motion to
them, but when they do not coincide, a smooth periphery will be presented and the
end of the arm 116 will slide thereon without imparting motion thereto. On the
end of the solid shaft 113, opposite the disk is an arm 119, which is connected by a
link 121 with a bell crank 120 idly pivoted near one end of the feed screw 42, and
this bell crank, by its other arm, is connected with the spacing key through a
suitable link 122. In the center of. the support 75, a recess is cut, and in this

page_text: recess is the slide 123, having its forward end 124 narrowed for a cutter.
Fig. 38.)
(See
A slot in this slide, near its rear end, is engaged by a short arm 110, on the
hollow shaft 109, and therefore a rocking motion of the shaft communicates a
reciprocating motion to the slide.
Resting over the slide is a movable plate 78. This plate is held in place by the
T headed lugs projecting from its under side, which engage the T slots 125 in its
supports. The opposite end is held in the slot in the front of the support 75.
(See Fig. 22.)
This arrangement allows the plate 78 to slide lengthwise of the line of com-
position, but it has no other movement. A small projection 79 will be observed on
the plate upon its rear edge, which when in operative position is directly over the
impression orifice and one of its offices is to prevent any raising of the material
from the movement of the impressing apparatus.
By referring to Figs. 22 and 23, it will be seen that the projection hooks over
the lead, while Fig. 41 shows a notch 126 cut through its bottom portion. The
object of the projection is to afford a support for the slide 123 to cut against, and
the notch to allow the portion that is cut out to be discharged.
When a spacing key is touched, the key lever 87, by its connection 122, with the
bell crank 120, actuates the arm 119, on the end of the shaft. 113; this motion
causes the disk 114 to revolve far enough to make the notches 112 and 118 on the
two companion disks to coincide; the eccentric arm 116, acting as a pawl, drops
into the notches so exposed, and rocks the shafts 109 and 113 causing the short
central arm 110 to thrust the cutting end 124 of the slide 123 through the head 79
thus cutting a notch directly opposite the space between words.
As will be seen, these notches are the means by which a portion of the justifying
apparatus is directed in its operation. The projection or toe 79 on the plate 78 is
over the stick and holds it firmly in place while the line is receiving its impressions.
That it may be removed easily and quickly when the position of the stick is to be
changed, the handle 80 attached to a prolongation 81 of one of the T shaped lugs
shifts it either to the right or left, clearing the stick.
When the stick 7 with its impressed line has moved laterally over the impression
orifice a sufficient distance to be moved into its delivery position, the operator
draws the arm 3 towards him, which movement swings the stick rearward ready
for the ejection of the impressed line by the feeding in of a new portion of the
continuous length of impressible material 1. The impressed line 127 which was
ejected from the stick by the feeding in of a new blank is moved toward the
left hand into the justifying chamber, in a straight line, between the justifying
compressors.
This is accomplished as follows:- When the stick 7 is thrown forward into its
impression position to receive impressions from the character dies on its impressible
line 127, the arm 10 on the sleeve 12 is moved from a vertical to a horizontal plane
where the foot 11, which is at right angles to its supporting arm 10, is delivered
into the type channel which just precedes the justifying chamber. The foot 11 in
this position engages an impressed line 127 upon its rear edge and as the arm 10 is
attached to the sleeve 12, which slides on the shaft 9, the same is fed toward the
left side of the machine. The shaft 9 is hollow and inside of it is placed a solid
shaft 128 which terminates in a groove 129, which is engaged by the arm 130
attached to the top of a short shaft 131 which has the arm 132 at the bottom, the
two arms and shaft forming a bell crank. This bell crank through the rod 133 is
connected with the cross 134 which receives a reciprocating motion through its
connection 135 with the eccentric 136 on the shaft 39, and this reciprocating
motion is communicated to the sleeve 12 lengthwise thereof through the following
connections: On the solid shaft 128 is a pawl 137 which engages a ratchet 138 on
the inside of the sleeve 12 and thus feeds this sleeve lengthwise of the shaft 9 when
it is in the position corresponding to the lowered position of the arm
(Figs. 7-10.) The rotation of the sleeve 12 and the hollow shaft 9 in a rearward
10.

page_text: direction about ninety degrees disengages the ratchet 138 and pawl 137 as they are
moved about a quarter circle from each other; since the solid core 128 does not
rotate with the hollow shaft 9, when these parts are in operative relation the
foot 1 of arm 10 feeds the line 127 along to the end of the type channel and into
the justifying chamber.
As the forward end of the line 127 is ejected from the stick 7 the notches 139
which are opposite the spaces and on the bottom edge of the line 127 engage
the spring actuated dogs 140, of the counting wheel 141 which is so called because
it counts the number of notches on the bottom edge of the line, as the line is
moved along by the blank strip feed mechanism as it takes the impressed line
from the stick. These notches 139 engage the dogs 140, in consecutive order
causing the counting wheel 141 to revolve on its axis. A gear 142 is formed upon
one end of the counter 141 in its periphery. This meshes with a rack-bar 143,
and to this bar is pivoted in a slot 144, the link 145 which at its opposite end is
pivoted to the cross head 146 which slides freely in the cylindrical guide 147. To
the upper side of this cylinder two short rack bars 148 are fixed, and these racks
mesh with the pinions 149. The pinions 149 also mesh with the rack bar 150.
This rack 150 lies directly over the justifying chamber. A slight projecting
pawl 151 depends from the under side of the rack bar 150 into the justifying
chamber. As previously described, it was set forth that when a line 127 on the
stick 7 was entirely impressed and the line did not "justify," the surplus, or blank
portion of the line was cut off. The length of the surplus material is the space to
be taken up by justifying. If the line be full, needing no justifying, then the
rack 150 will be forced to the extreme inner end of its travel by the engagement of
the line 127 with the pawl 151 on the under side of the rack bar 150, and the
pinions 149 thereby actuated by its movement, and they in turn imparting motion
to the short vertical rack bars 148 which carry the cylindrical guide 147 and its
slide 146 downward until the link 145 is on a horizontal plane. This link 145
passes through an opening in the wedging block 152, which, when the link 145 is
inclined, directs the position to be occupied by the inner justifying compressor 153
with respect to the passing line 127. The wedge 152 thus sliding it laterally, on
account of its inclined rear wall, toward the line 127 which passes across its path,
and the extent of the lateral displacement in its effect on the line, will be propor-
tional to the inclination of the link 145 and the position of the wedge 152
and its attached justifying compressor 153, on this link 145. The wedge 152
rests upon the link 145, which slides freely back and forth as directed by its rack
bar 143.
Supposing the line to be short, the rack 150 will stop short of its full travel
and therefore leave the bar 145 inclined. The degree of this inclination indicates
the amount of blank space to be taken up by justifying. The manner in which the
motion of the rack 150 is arrested at the proper point is as follows:-The
justifying is done by compressors compressing the line 127 opposite each space
between the words and in a direction which will reduce the thickness of the line,
as shown in Fig. 81, thus elongating the line as a blacksmith would draw a bar of
iron. A line may have two spaces and it may have ten, and as enough compressing
must be done so as to elongate the line, just enough to fill out or justify the same,
it is manifest that the depth or amount of the compression will depend on the
number of spaces in the line. To illustrate, if the line has but three spaces, the
compression must be deep enough opposite these three to elongate the line to
the full length of a column width or other predetermined length; if there are ten
spaces, then less compression will sufficiently elongate the same. In brief, the
amount of the compression must be proportional to the blank space to be taken up
and the number of such compressions to be made.
As set forth, it is shown how the space to be taken up is indicated by the degree
of inclination of the link 145; now, in order to preserve the connection, the
following will describe how the number of spaces are counted and the depth of
the compression regulated in accordance therewith.

page_text: When the impressed line 127 is expelled from the stick 7 by the entrance of a
new blank 1, the impressed line is moved along until its trailing end. in contact
with the new blank coincides with the center of the counting wheel. The pawl of
the rack bar 150 must then be released from engagement with the line, otherwise
as the line would be moved along by the justifying feed, the inclined link 145
would be still further depressed, whereas it shou'd remain stationary. This release
is effected by the device represented on Sheet 17, Fig. 64, 65, &c. The end of the
rack 150 is forked and the pawl 151 pivoted in the end so that it plays freely
therein. Behind it, pivoted in the same fork, is a catch 154 having a projecting
tongue 155, and upon its under side, in engagement therewith, is the arm of a
bell crank 156 which is engaged by the cam 157 on the rock shaft 9.
The parts
being so adjusted that the cam engages with the actuates the bell crank just before
the arm 10 moves into position, directly in the rear or trailing end of the impressed
line. The manner of operation is as follows: As the rack 150 has moved the
proper distance and remains therein, and after a line has passed beneath the
pawl 151 the said pawl, by reason of its lip 158 engaging with a fixed pin, is forced
back and again latched, leaving the pawl 151 projecting down into the path of a
subsequent incoming line where it can again be engaged and thus move the rack
bar 150. When the line stops with its trailing end over the center of the counter,
the arm 10 of the justifier feed is dropped into the type channel by the partial
rotation of the rock shaft 9. This brings the cam 157 into engagement with the
bell crank 156 which lifts the tongue 155, thus unlatching the pawl 151, when the
advance of the line moves the same out of its path.
The counting wheel 141 rotates upon its axis and is perforated with many holes
near its circumference, placed concentric with respect to each other, not unlike the
chambers of a revolver. In these chambers are pistons or spring pressed dogs 140.
These dogs are made to project from the working face of the wheel by suitable
spring pressure, as shown in Fig. 58. Contiguous to the working face of the
counting wheel 141 is a stationary shield 159. This shield is beveled at the
edge 160, (see Fig. 58) the lower edge 30 being extended so far from the wheel
that the projecting dogs are not engaged thereby. The ends of the pistons 140
engage on the bevel 160 and are forced back into their chambers as the counter
revolves, and are held there by the shieid until they reach the upper side where
they snub out and ride along the side wall of the lower edge of the line 127, where
they engage the "space notches" 139, as represented in Fig. 59.
As the line is moved along by its feed, one notch after another engages the
pistons, causing the counting wheel to revolve, and the extent of its rotation is
determined by the number of notches in a line, which correspond in number to the
spaces therein. The pinion on the counter meshes with the rack bar 143, and as
the counter is revolved, this rack bar and its pivoted link 145 are moved toward
the right, each movement imparted by a notch bringing the leading end of the
line 127 nearer to the justifying compressors, and when the rack bar 150 has
moved entirely in, the justifying compressors have no effect on the line, because
the wedge 152 has dropped so low down as to remove the justifying compressor 153
from out of the field of the passing line. To recapitulate, the length of the line
determines the inclination of the link 145; the number of notches in the line
determine the point on the inclined link 145 to be occupied by the wedge 152, and
this point, together with the inclination of the link 14, regulates the amount of the
compression to be made in the thickness of the line, opposite its space.
The reciprocating portion of the justifying mechanism consists of the following
connections-39 is a shaft ou which is placed an eccentric 161 with its strap and
rod 162. These impart a reciprocating motion to the compressor 163, which
comprises a cross head 163¹ moving easily between the guides 167. This cross
head consists of a square head 165 and a pin 166 united by the plates 163. 166 also
forms a joint with the eccentric rod 162. This cross head slides easily, not only
between the guides 167, but also between the plates 164, which constitute the side

page_text: walls of the compressor. These plates terminate in a die adjacent to the impressed
line 127, similar to the compressor 153, on the opposite side of the line.
An opening is cut through the plates 164 having the location and form, as shown
in Fig. 48 & 50. The opening in the plates 164 through which the pin 166
passes, is slotted as shown, it being obvious that the said cross head 163 can slide
between the plates 164 without moving them while they occupy the position shown
with the compressor end depressed. (See Fig. 50.)
The plates are held in this position by the toe 168, a projection from the under
side of the compressor which is held against the lower edge of the line 127 by a
spring 169. When a notch 139 passes above the toe 168 the spring 169 moves the
same into the notch 139, thus raising the compressor end of the plates 164. This
raises the offset 170 so high that it is engaged by the cross head 165 and is thrust
forward and in conjunction with its companion 153, effecting the compression of the
line 127 directly opposite the notches 139 and inevitably between the words
constituting the composition of the line. The amount of the compression, and
consequently the extent of the elongation of the line being determined, as before
described, by the position of the opposite compressor 153 in relation to its proximity
to the same. As the cross head 163 and plates 164 are withdrawn by the motion
of the eccentric 161, the beveled projection 171 encounters 172 which is secured
stationarily on the adjacent frame is moved down and disengaged from a notch 139
and remains inactive until another notch allows it to enter.
It is manifest that if the line were fed into the justifying apparatus by a rigid
appliance, it might be badly damaged while held by the toe 168 and dies 153
and 163. To obviate this difficulty the justifying feed apparatus is made as
follows: The shaft 39 carries the eccentric 136 and strap. The eccentric rod 135
being composed of a tube in which a rod 173 is fitted having a piston 174 which is
acted upon by the spiral spring 175 represented in the tube. This eccentric rod 135
is pivoted to the cross head 134 which has a pin on its under side to which the
rod 133 is attached, and this rod in turn is attached to the bell crank at 132, 131,
and 130, imparting motion to the sleeve 12 and its arm 10 as hereinbefore
described.
The spring in the rod 135 is stiff enough to hold the piston 174 against the
head of the tube when its work is simply to move the line 127 in the justifying
chamber, but when it is being compressed and held by the compressors 153 and
163 and the toe 168, the spring 175 yields and so protects the line from injury.
The justifying rack bar 150 as well as the rack bar 143 is retracted; that is,
moved into its initial position by the following means;-From the movable
plate 176 which supports the line 127 as it is being justified and which slides
upon the cross head 134, that moves the delivered lines laterally in the galley, is a
projecting arm 177 toward the left hand side of the machine which serves to throw
into action the means for retracting the justifying devices.
The eccentric shaft 39 projects from the left hand end of the machine and
terminates in a beveled friction roller which rotates constantly. Contiguous to this
roller is a second or companion roller 178 which is mounted upon a short shaft 179
which is supported in suitable bearings along the left hand side of the machine at
This shaft has a collar 180 which is
right angles to the eccentric shaft 39.
periodically engaged by the plate projection 177 from the galley cross head 134,
and when so engaged the two beveled friction rollers are brought together and the
retracting shaft 179 is rotated. The engagement of the collar is not long enough
to allow the shaft to entirely retract the justifying devices, and in order that the
rollers may be maintained in engagement the proper length of time, a gravity
pawl 181 is provided, which drops beyond the end of the shaft 179 and holds the
shaft and its roller 178 in operative relation to the eccentric shaft 39 until a
flattened face 182 at the rear end of the shaft 179 comes adjacent to the depending
end of the pawl 181, when a coil spring 182 moves the shaft 179 under this
pawl 181 thus disengaging the friction rollers and stopping the mechanism.

page_text: The retracting shaft 179 is provided with a pinion 183 which meshes with au
extension of the counting" rack bar 143 thus imparting motion to the same at the
proper time. The rack bar. 150, which is placed directly in the path of the
entering formed line 127, has a stem projecting from its forward end which is
periodically engaged by a lever 184 having its lower end pivoted to the machine
frame and its free end rocked by a cam 185 upon the retracting shaft 179, which
arrangement serves to move this rack bar into its initial position. (See Figs. 74
to 79.) It will be understood that this invention is not limited to the manner and
means of justifying the impressed line as hereinbefore set forth, since it is obvious
that by suitable means a groove could be cut upon the sides of the line of a maximum
width corresponding in width to the spaces used, which would also be of a maximum
width in contra-distinction to those of a minimum width, as heretofore described.
A groove would be cut upon each side of the line of such a depth as to leave
the line at this point of a minimum thickness, and the length of the line would be
greater than a column width. Of course any lines that might just fill out a column,
as indicated by a suitable gauge would as in the mechanism, described, need no
justifying, but a line instead of running short of the full length would slightly
run over it so that it would be longer than required. The justifying would be
accomplished by moving the line through a chamber whose side walls would
support the line. The end of the line would abut the end of this chamber, and as
the plunger which moves the line has a predetermined length of movement so as
to always leave a space between its forward face and the end wall of the chamber
which would be just the width of a column, it is evident that the line would be
compressed end wise of itself until it was entirely justified. This invention covers
broadly any means and devices which justify a line of composition upon suitable
naterial subsequent to the forming of characters thereon, whether the line be of
impressible material, cast, or formed otherwise, the material being of a non-elastic
order as set forth in the preamble of this Specification. In this application no
claim is laid to a formed line as an article of manufacture, but the same is embodied
in a separate application.
When the lines are justified they drop into the galley and after coming to rest
they are moved along by the cross head 134, thus leaving a space for a subsequent
line. But as it is desirable that they drop through instantly, without any lagging,
not tipping down at one end etc., they are evenly held in the justifying chamber by
the plate 176 upon which they rest. _ shaped slots 186, are cut through the plate
in which the square pins 187 on the top of the cross head 134 work back and forth.
While a line is being fed in, these pins do not move the plate, but when the line
has moved to near the end of the chamber it engages the projecting rib 188 and
moves the plate laterally so that the square pins 187 engage the offset of the
slot and draw the plate from under the justifying chamber, thus allowing the
line 127 to drop freely through into the galley. As the cross head 134 returns, having
no line to hold the plate 176 in engagement with the square pins 187, the said plate
is moved into a position of rest by the spring 189. If, in dropping, the line should
fail to send fully into the galley, it is protected from injury by the same provision
in the eccentric rod 135 which serves à like purpose when the strip is between the
justifying dies.
To retain the impressible material on the stick there is provided thereon a dove-
tailed projection 190 which registers with a dovetail groove 191 upon the one side
of the continuous length of impressible material as it is fed upon the stick by the
feed rolls 2.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1, In a type-forming machine, a composing stick or holder adapted to receive a
strip of compressible and non-elastic material, keys representing characters,
mechanism for impressing said characters one by one upon said material, and means

page_text: for automatically justifying the formed line subsequent to the forming of characters
thereon, substantially as set forth.
2. In a type-forming machine, character keys, and connections therewith
adapted to move characters dies adjacent to a piece of compressible non-elastic
material, means of impressing said dies upon said inaterial, and means for justifying
the impression after the same has been taken, substantially as set forth.
3. In a type-forming machine, mechanism for forming characters upon a com-
pressible non-elastic material, and means for elongating said material subsequent
to the forming of characters thereon, substantially as set forth.
4. In a type-forming machine, mechanism for forming characters, such as words
and the like, upon suitable compressible non-elastic material, means for forming
spaces between such words, and suitable mechanism adapted to enlarge said
spaces if desired, subsequent to the forming of said characters, substantially as set
forth.
5. In a type-forming machine, mechanism for forming characters such as words
and the like, upon compressible non-elastic material, suitable means for spacing
said words, and mechanism for elongating said material at said spaces, substantially
as set forth.
6. In a type-forming machine, mechanism for forming characters, such as words
and the like, upon impressible material, mechanism adapted to notch said material
either before or after a word formed or to be formed thereon, so as to make portions
of said material not occupied by any word or character, blank, substantially as set
forth.
7. In a type-forming machine, type-forming dies, mechanism for operating same
against suitable impressible material, space forming mechanism adapted to notch
said material between words or the like, a suitable actuating mechanism adapted to
likewise notch the body of said material when the width of said notch exceeds an
ordinary space, substantially as set forth.
8. In a type-forming machine, mechanism for forming characters on suitable
material comprising a compressible and non-elastic blank, mechanism adapted to
compress said blank to elongate the same, substantially as set forth.
9. In a type-forming machine, mechanism comprising periodically actuated feed
rollers adapted to feed intermittently line blanks of impressible material upon a
holder, a pivotal support for said holder and means adapted to vibrate said holder
upon its pivotal support and thereby deliver the same adjacent to an impression
orifice-mechanism for impressing said line with characters as words and the like,
and means for variably feeding said line over said orifice and other means for
delivering said holder with its formed lined contiguous to a justifying mechanism,
substantially as set forth.
10. In type-forming machines, a vibrating holder or carriage, a line of impressible
material thereon, means for. vibrating said carriage, thereby delivering the line,
first, adjacent to character dies and second to a justifying mechanism, substantially
as set forth.
11. A carriage or composition stick adapted to vibrate upon its support, means
for feeding thereon a blank of impressible material, and means for moving the said
carriage adjacent or contiguous to an orifice or opening, feeding mechanism in
operative relation to said carriage, character dies and key operating mechanism
therefor, means in connection with said key mechanism adapted to variably actuate
the carriage feeding device and subsequently moving the said character dies
consecutively into the said orifice, and means for impressing the same upon said
blank, substantially as set forth.
12. A continuous length of impressible material, feed rollers periodically
operative, thereby adapted to feed said material intermittently upon a holder and
mechanism set in motion by the movement of said material adapted to sever the
same adjacent to the holder therefor substantially as set forth.
13. A contiguous band of impressible material provided with a groove, a carriage
or composition stick and a projection upon the same, and an intermittent feeding
,

page_text: atapeet to feed one said material upon the sand projection, substantiany as
set forth.
14. A suitable carrier or composing stick, a dovetail projection thereon,
impressible blanks having a dovetail groove thereon and an intermittent feeding
device adapted to feed said blanks upon the projection of said carrier, substantially
as set forth.
16. A carrier or composing stick supporting a line of impressible material having
formed characters thereon means for vibrating said carrier, thereby delivering the
same contiguous to justifying and feeding devices, a continuous band of blank
impressible material means for feeding the same upon the carrier, thereby
delivering the formed line to the adjacent justifying mechanism, substantially as set
forth.
16. Character forming devices, feeding and justifying mechanism, a carrier
supporting a line of impressible material, a pivotal support for said carrier, and
means whereby said carrier is vibrated, thereby delivering the said line from the
character formers to the feeding mechanism, in combination with means for
periodically feeding upon said carrier a new blank from a continuous band thereby
delivering the formed line to the justifying mechanism and other means set in
action by the movement of said band, adapted to sever the same into required
lengths, substantially as set forth.
17. In a type-forming machine, a suitable blank and means for pressing successive
character dies upon one of its edges to form words upon said blank, spacing
mechanism adapted to separate the words of the composition, and meaus adjacent
to the opposite edge of said blank adapted to notch the same in duplication and in
opposite relation to the respective word spaces, substantially as set forth.
18. An impressed blank comprising the line of composition upon one edge
thereof, and spaces separating the words of said composition, nitches and notches
directly opposite the spaces upon the opposite edge of said blank, justifying
compressors and means for operating the same, a projecting toe or the like from
one of the said compressors adapted to engage the impressed blank upon its under
side, means for feeding the blank between such compressors, and mechanism for
moving the projecting toc and its compressor into the notches of the said line,
thereby, making operative the justifying compressor to compress the blank opposite
each of the spaces of the said blank, substantially as set forth.
19. An impressed blank comprising a line of composition upon one edge thereof,
spaces separating the words of said composition, and means for clongating or
compressing the said line opposite said spaces, thus justifying the same, substantially
as described.
20. In a type-forming machine, mechanism for forming characters upon a
compressible non-elastic material, and means adapted to change the form of said
material without disturbing the characters thereof, thereby justifying the same,
subsequent to the forming of characters thereon, substantially as described.
21. In a type-forming machine, mechanism for forming characters upon a
compressible non-elastic material and means for justifying the same subsequent to
the forming of characters, substantially as set forth.
22. In a type-forming machine, a justifying chamber and means adapted to move
into the same a formed line of composition, justifying compressors contiguous to
said chamber, and means in connection therewith, adapted to automatically justify
said line, substantially as described.
23. In a type-forming machine, a justifying mechanism comprising justifyin;;
compressors, contiguous to the formed line, and operating means in operative
connection with the line, said means being adapted to make said compressors
operative or inoperative as directed by the varying lengths of line to be justified,
substantially as described.
24. In a type-forming machine, a justifying mechanism comprising suitable dies
contiguous thereto and adapted to justify a line of composition, means in connection
therewith adapted to make said dies operative upon said line in a variable manner

page_text: In accordance with the varying rengun or the lines to be justified, substantially as
described.
25. A formed line of composition comprising characters, as words and the like,
upon its one edge and suitable notches on its opposite edge, said notches occurring
at the end of each word of said composition, substantially as described.
26. A formed line of composition comprising characters and the like, upon its
one edge and suitable notches on its opposite edge, said notches occurring at the
end of each word of said composition and a justifying mechanism regulated by
said notches, substantially as set forth.
27. A formed line of composition upon a compressible non-elastic material com-
prising characters, as words and the like, thereon, spaces between said words of a
minimum width, and means adapted to increase this width and thus justify the
same, substantially as described.
28. A compressible and non-elastic formed line of composition comprising
characters, as words and the like, thereon, spaces between said.words of a maximum
width and means adapted to decrease this width and thus justify the same, substan-
tially as described.
29. A formed line of composition upon a compressible and non-elastic material
comprising characters, as words and the like, thereon, spaces between said words,
and means whereby said spaces may be increased or decreased to justify the line,
substantially as described.
30. A formed line of composition upon compressible non-elastic material com-
prising characters thereon, said line being of a length dissimilar to that of a
newspaper column width or other arbitary size, and means adapted to justify said
line so as to be of a similar length as a predetermined size, by lengthening or
shortening the same, substantially as described.
31. In a type-forming machine a formed line of composition upon a suitable
blank the length of said blank being greater than that of the composition, means for
severing off said blank and mechanism for subsequently lengthening said line to a
predetermined size, substantially as set forth.
32. In a type forming machine, a justifying mechanism, comprising suitable
compressors, adapted to compress formed lines of composition, and means in
operative relation therewith, adapted to make said compressors operative in a
variable manner according to the varying number of words or the like upon said
lines, and the varying length of the lines themselves, substantially as set forth.
33. In a type forming machine, a justifying mechanism, suitable compressors,
adapted to justify formed lines of composition, comprising words and the like,
mechanism in operative relation therewith, adapted to variably cause said com-
pressors to become operative upon said lines to compress the same according to
the variation in the length and number of spaces of said lines, substantially as set
forth.
34. In a type forming machine, a justifying mechanism comprising suitable
compressors, adapted to justify lines of composition and mechanism in connection
therewith, adapted to vary the operation of said compressors, in proportion to the
varying slack of said lines and the variable number of words or spaces thereon,
substantially as set forth.
35. In a type-forming machine, key operating mechanism in operative connection
with suitable character dies, a feeding device and a key actuating mechanism
therefor, and suitable power connections adapted to impress suitable dies of said
character devices upon a strip of compressible and non-elastic material carried upon
said feeding device when so directed by the key operating mechanism, substantially
as set forth.
36. In a type forming machine a formed line of composition upon a suitable
blank, said blank and the composition thereon being of an excessive length, and
means for shortening the same to a predetermined size, substantially as set forth.
37. In a type forming machine, justifying mechanism and means in operative
connection therewith, adapted to variably regulate suitable justifying compressors,

page_text: a movable support or plate upon the lower side of said justifying mechanism and
mechanism in connection therewith, adapted upon the movement of said plate to
retract or withdraw the justifying compressor regulating mechanism substantially
as set forth.
38. In a type forming machine, a feeding device, a carrier, a line of impressible
material therein, a severing knife and mechanism in operative relation thereto
adapted to cause said severing knife to become operative by the movement in one
direction of the line of material and to cause the same to become inoperative by a
reverse movement of the feed device, substantially as set forth.
39. In a type forming machine, a stick or carrier adapted to detachably hold a
blank of suitable material, a feed screw adapted to operate or move said carrier in
one direction by the movement of a suitable key operative mechanism, suitable
power connections in operative relation with the said screw, and means in connection
therewith adapted to move the said feed screw in an opposite direction, substantially
as set forth.
40. In a type forming machine, a carrier or carriage, a pivotal support therefor,
feeding mechanism adapted to feed a blank line of impressible material upon said
carrier, means for vibrating said carrier upon its support, a carriage feed mechanism
to which the carrier is thereby delivered, power connections for operating said feed
mechanism in one direction, a key for connecting said power feed mechanism,
whereby said carriage is automatically moved in one direction and keys for moving
said carriage in the opposite direction substantially as set forth.
41. In a type forming machine, feed rollers, means for periodically actuating the
same, impressible blanks each having a dove-tail groove, a holder, means for
feeding said blank upon said holder, and means comprising a dovetail formation
thereon for retaining the blanks, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 8th day of November 1892.
J. E. EVANS-JACKSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.