Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 25th May, 1887
Complete Left, 24th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 29th Mar., 1888
1, FREDERICK SIEMENS, of No. 12 Queen Anne's Gate in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to a construction and arrangement of kilns for treating
porcelain, china, pottery, earthenware and the like, the object which I have in view
being to obtain a uniform suitable heat throughout the kiln, subject to local regula-
tion in various parts of the kiln, from a gas and air flame that is first developed in a
combustion chamber, not in the kiln itself, so that only fully developed flame and its
products enter the kiln chamber. For this purpose, I admit the gas and, preferably
over it, the air into a combustion chamber which is most conveniently formed under
the kiln floor, preferably in a central position. From this combustion chamber
distributing flues extend under the floor to various points at the sides of the kiln
where their mouths open upwards at the tops of shafts or bags. Over the mouth of
each bag or in the flue leading to the mouth I provide a damper slab that can be
moved from the outside so as more or less to open or close the flue. At various
other parts of the kiln floor I provide descending flues by which products of combus-
tion, after circulating through the kiln, pass away to a general discharge flue.
These descending flues may be mostly adjacent to the sides of the kiln and may be.
provided with damper slabs that can be worked from the outside, so as to regulate the
focal draughts.
By arranging a number of kilns to work in rotation, I utilise the heat given off in
the cooling of one or more of them to heat the air supply to the flame for heating
another of them, and the products of combustion from such of the kilns as are under
fire may be applied to heat up others of the kilns before they are fired. Each kiln
may also have a regenerator of the continuous type for heating its air supply or its
air and gas supply.
Dated L 1
0
1000

page_text: Improvements in Ceramic Kilns.
I, FREDERICK SIEMENS of No. 12 Queen Anne's Gate in the County of Middlesex
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My invention relates to a construction and arrangement of kilns for treating.
porcelain, china, pottery, earthenware and the like, the object which I have in view
being to obtain a uniform suitable heat throughout the kiln, subject to local regula-
tion in various parts of the kiln, from a gas and air flame that is first developed in a
combustion chamber, not in the kiln itself, so that only fully developed flame and its
products enter the kiln chamber. For this purpose I admit the gas and, preferably
over it, the air into a combustion chamber which is most conveniently formed under
the kiln floor preferably in a central position. From this combustion chamber
distributing flues extend under the floor and open upwards at various points, some
at the sides of the kiln with their mouths at the tops of shafts or bags. Over the
mouth of each bag or in the flue leading to the mouth I provide a damper slab that
can be moved from the outside so as more or less to open or close the flue. At
various other parts of the kiln floor I provide descending flues by which products of
combustion after circulating through the kiln, pass away to a general discharge flue.
These descending flues may be mostly adjacent to the sides of the kiln and may be
provided with damper slabs that can be worked from the outside so as to regulate the
local draughts.
By arranging a number of kilns to work in rotation I utilise the heat given off in
the colling of one or more of them to heat the air supply to the flame for heating
another of them, and the products of combustion from such of the kilns as are under
fire may be applied to heat up others of the kilns before they are fired. Each kiln
may also have a regenerator of the continuous type for heating its air supply or its
air and gas supply.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical section on the line X X of
Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a part section on Y Y, of Fig. 3, and Fig. 3 is a sectional plan on
the line Z Z of Fig. 1 shewing a a pair of circular ceramic kilns according to my
invention. Figs. 4 and 5 are vertical sections respectively on the lines X X and Y Y
of Fig. 6 which is a sectional plan on Z Z of Fig. 4, shewing a pair of rectangular
kilns; and Fig. 7 is a vertical section of a muffle kiln. In all these figures similar
letters of reference are employed to indicate corresponding parts.
Combustible gas supplied by the flue with regulating valve A meets at B with air
entering above it. The flame extends along the combustion chamber C, from which
a number of lateral flues under the floor lead to shafts or bags D at the side walls of
the kiln, which may be more or less covered by a damper that can be shifted from the
outside of the kiln as indicated at E. Besides the bags D there may be openings d
at various parts of the floor as may be required to secure uniformity of temperature.

page_text: From the kiln the hot gases descend by flues F to a channel G whence they may
be led directly into the adjoining kiln as in the arrangement shewn in Figs. 4, 5
and 6 so as to heat it up, or, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 they may pass through a
regenerator H and thence by a flue K direct to a chimney or indirectly through an
adjoining kiln. It is to be understood that, though only a pair of adjoining kilns are
shown in the drawings, there may be a number of these capable of being worked in
rotation. When one kiln having done its firing work, has to be cooled, cold air is
admitted to it and this air becoming heated goes to support combustion for heating
one of the other kilns. From the kiln thus being heated the products of combustion
may pass through a third kiln to heat it up to a certain extent. When however the
temperature has to be still further raised, the regenerator comes into use for the
purpose of heating the air supplied to the kiln that being heated. The ware to be
fired is generally placed in saggers for protection against direct action of the flame
or such protection is sometimes obtained by constructing the kiln with an inner
chamber or compartment forming a muffle as shown in Fig. 7. In this case the hot
products of combustion pass from the combustion chamber C by lateral flues on each
side of the muffle M and ascend shafts or bags D to the top whence they descend by
a flue to the passages of the regenerator H and thence they pass by a flue K to the
chimney.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
In a ceramic kiln a chamber for the combustion of mixed gas and air with
distributing flues opening into the kiln chamber, arranged and operating substantially
as described.
Dahi ouh 11000