A NEW OR IMPROVED MOTOR
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan of Kensington Middlesex for
an Invention of A NEW OR IMPROVED MOTOR. A communication to him
from abroad by Georges Rupalley of Paris France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1882.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, "A. NEW. OR IMPROVED.
MOTOR,” a communication to me from abroad by Georges Rupalley, of Paris, France,
This invention has for its object to utilize the buoyancy of objects immersed in
fluids for obtaining motive power. This is effected by carrying out and constantly,
repeating the following series of operations:--
1, Attaching in an empty tank a light object for instance a sort of buoy, which
plays the part of a piston and is surmounted by a connecting-rod.
2, Filling the tank with a liquid, the heavier the better, for instance mercury.
3, Detaching the floating piston, which in ascending transmits its motion to
shaft.
.
4, Discharging the liquid from the tank.
5, Attaching again the floating piston to the bottom of the empty tank.
6, Filling the tank again, detaching the floating piston and so on.
The apparatus embodying this principle may be constructed in various forms,
for instance as a double-armed beam connected at one end by a chain with the
floating piston and at the other end by a second chain with a cross piece or yoke
from which a number of lead weights are suspended by chains at different heights
so that the total weight of the yoke decreases in proportion to the number of lead
weights which have reached the ground. Between the tank which receives the
floating piston, and the counterweight is placed a reservoir from which a pipe leads.
downward to the tank and communicates with the latter through a valve.
Another form of the apparatus is a double-armed beam supporting at one end the
liquid tank with floating piston and reservoir while the other end carries a counter-
weight.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
31st January 1883.
"
A NEW OR IMPROVED
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of Kensington, Middlesex,
MOTOR," a communication to me from abroad by Georges Rupalley, of Paris, France, 6
This invention has for its object to utilize the buoyancy of a body immersed in
a fluid (gas or liquid) denser than such body, as a continuous motive power.
This continuous power is obtained by carrying out and constantly repeating the
following series of operations.
1. Placing in an empty tank a light object, for instance a sort of buoy which 1
plays the part of a piston and is surmounted by a connecting rod.
2. Filling the tank with a liquid, the heavier the better, for instance mercury.
3. Detaching the floating-piston, which in ascending transmits its motion to a
shaft.
4. Discharging the liquid from the tank.
5. Attaching again the floating piston to the bottom of the empty tank!
6. Filling the tank again, detaching the floating piston and so on.
The shape of the machine performing this series of operations, may vary within
certain limits.
Two machines of different shapes will hereinafter be described, they may however
be modified in different ways. without departing from the principle of this inven-
tion which includes also any other combinations of mechanism capable of carrying
out the principal idea viz. to render the buoyancy continuous by its constant and
automatic repetition.
:
The first shape which is represented on Sheet I, and which I call the balance, 2
consists in a balance lever YZQTRS carrying at one end a tank GHIJ
attached at Q by a chain QP; and at the other end a counterweight X X X
attached at S by a chain SU to the arc ST, the whole balancing freely on an
axle.
The two arcs. QR and ST fixed to the balance lever. Y Z QTRS. serve to S
keep the length of the lever constant. G N and HO are iron bars carrying the
tank, they are joined to the chain Q P by means of two iron bars NP and O P.
V V is a cross-piece carrying the chains of the counterweight X X X.
:
Between the tank and the counterweight is placed a reservoir A B. C D having
a large surface and resting on a fixed stand E.
The working tank G H I J intended to receive the floating-piston K and conse-
quently also the liquid communicates with the feeding reservoir A B C D by means
of a large flexible pipe F made of indiarubber or articulated metal.
Situated in the tank G H I J is a connecting gear c'd intended to retain and
to release the floating-piston K when required; this floating-piston K, when intro-
duced into the empty tank, is guided in its alternating motion by one or two
vertical iron bars ab fixed to the bottom of the tank.
The connecting gear consists of two small levers joined together at their centre.
and at one of their ends by means of two small cross-pieces. The centre cross-piece
swings on a fulcrum fixed to the sides of the tank.. The other end terminates in a 4
ball or a roller. This end being heavier than the other rests obliquely on the upper
part of the floating-piston while the cross-piece which terminates the other end-
reaches obliquely and in an upward direction towards the wall of the tank where
it presses against a moveable bar ef which I call slide-bar.
That end of this bar which serves to support the connecting gear is bevelled for

page_text: some distance, the bar then extends and passes through several guides and when
reaching the top of the tank it is curved and then redescends along the exterior
of the side wall and terminates a few centimetres below the bottom of the tank.
The connecting gear with its slide-bar is in duplicate, that is to say, there is
another one on the opposite side of the tank for the purpose of maintaining the
equilibrium and increasing the resisting power.
of
On the ground underneath the tank are placed spring buffers for the purpose
deadening the shocks, and to assist the return motion by means of their natural
reaction.
At the point where the communicating pipe is joined to the tank, is situated a
sluice valve which being set in motion by two systems of counterweights closes at
the exact moment when the full tank arrives below, so as to prevent the return of
a certain quantity of liquid after the emersion of the piston.
The valve reopens as soon as the ascension of the tank has restored the level of
the liquid in the tank to the same height as the level of the liquid in the pipe.
The counterweight XXX, placed at the other end of the balance lever consists
of a certain number of unequal weights suspended at various distances along
several cords or chains of sufficient length, the whole being arranged in such a
manner that in proportion as the extremity of the balance lever carrying the
counterweights, descends, the weights are successively deposited on the ground,
while in the opposite sense the weights are lifted successively in proportion as the
extremity of the balance lever rises, the whole according to the requirements of the
equilibrium.
The working tank G H I J is at the height of its course and empty, the floating-
piston K is situated at the bottom of said tank where it is 'maintained by the
connecting gear c d.
The different weights forming together the counter weight X X X are all resting
on the ground, so that there is an exess of weight on the side of the tank, the
weights being calculated in such a manner that an exess of weight is always
alternately on that side which has to descend.
The machine being in this condition it is only necessary to give the whole a
start.
The tank descends, and, when arriving beneath the level of the liquid in the
central reservoir, it is filled and continues to descend.
The different weights forming the counterweight are successively lifted, thereby
equilibrating the liquid entered in proportion as it flows in.
As soon as the working tank is arrived at the lowest point of its course and
completely filled, the sluice valve descends and cuts off all communication between
the tank and the canal.
The slide bars ef then come in contact with the obstacle, reascend in their
guides and no longer support the ends of the connecting gear which latter pressed
by the buoyancy of the floating-piston is overthrown, thereby releasing the floating-
piston.
The floating-piston K emerges and transmits its power to the crank. L M of a
fly-wheel or to some other mechanism.
The working tank then reascends by reason of its connection with the balance-
beam, but assisted either by a bar or a chain by which it is connected to the fly-"
wheel shaft by a crank which is longer than that of the connecting-rod:
(This arrangement has the purpose to lift the working tank at a certain moment
more rapidly than the floating-piston which it follows, in order to regain the
distance of emersion in such a manner that the floating-piston when arriving at the
highest point of its travel is replaced at the bottom of the tank.)
The part thus performed by the fly-wheel is exactly the same as the part of the

page_text: spring of a clock maintaining by a very slight effort the oscillation of the pendulum
of the balance lever.
During the movement of ascension and as soon as the equilibrium of the levels is
established, the sluice-valve opens and gives free passage to the liquid contained in
the feeding-réservoir.
When the working tank, completely empty, is situated at the height of its
travel and the floating-piston again placed at the bottom, the slide bars come in
contact with a spring forming an obstacle at the top and redescend in their guides,
and their inner ends freely introduce themselves behind the heads of the. discon-
necting gear thereby reestablishing the point of support. which becomes necessary
at the moment of the reentering of the liquid.
The tank then redescends according to the law of oscillation, and also owing to
the rotary movements of the fly-wheel which has also caused the ascending
movement.
On redescending the working tank fills itself again, arrives below, the sluice
valve closes itself, the slide bars release the connecting gear, and the floating-piston
emerges transmitting its power, and so on indefinitely.
The second form which resembles a scale-beam is illustrated by sheet II.
It differs by its shape only from the system above described.
On a lever freely swinging on an axle U are placed
1. at one end the working tank ABCD with the floating-piston I J K L, the
disconnecting gear cd, the slide-bars ab, the sluice-valve ST, the guides MP NO
and the connecting-rod Q R.
2. Against the tank and facing the axle a reservoir having a large surface,
namely the feeding reservoir E F G H
its aperture F H.
with
13
3. At the other end V of the lever is placed the counter weight ✗ exactly similar
to the counter weight of the first arrangement.
The mechanism works exactly in the same way and according to the same
principles.
If suitable, the ascending movement of the slide-bars may be carried out by
means of the following apparatus, which allows to initiate this movement at any
point of the ascension and not only at the lowest point.
At a point in the middle of the exterior bar is placed by means of a free joint a
small lever swinging on an axle.
When the tank reascends the head of this small lever comes in contact with an
obstacle at the desired point and swings for an instant until the obstacle is over-
come. This downward movement of the head of the lever evidently 'causes the
slide bar to move in the opposite direction, releasing the connecting gear the same:
as if it had been pushed from below.
The lower part of the slide bar is jointed in such a manner that when the slide
bar is at its lowest point where it closes the connecting gear, the joint is below the
sliding guides, thereby allowing the bar to bend so as to permit the tank to freely
touch the ground.
In the contrary case, if the slide-bar ascends and releases the connecting-gear,
the joint enters the guides, the bar can no longer bend, and, resting below on the
ground or some other obstacle, maintains the resistance of the tank at the moment
of emersion.
On the other hand, if during the redescending of the tank the small lever
attached to the slide should meet the obstacle, which has caused its first movement,
this shock would evidently tend to cause a movement in the opposite direction;
this being however impossible the tank would be stopped, or the mechanism would
break. To avoid this inconvenience the small lever is articulated in such a manner
as to oppose the ascending movement of the tank only, while on the contrary,
during the descending movement the joints bend before the obstacle, and no change
in the movement takes place.
On sheet III of the accompanying drawings are shown details of the tank,
floating piston and sluice-valve.

page_text: In Figure I A B C D represents the working tank, E F G H the floating-piston,
IK JL are the guides, M N is the connecting rod, O P.the connecting-gear, K is
the axle of the connecting gear. SSTT are the slides. QR represents the
attachment of the connecting-gear to the tank.
In Fig 2.
A B C D is the working tank. E F G H the floating-piston, I J K L the sluice-
valve, I J C D the aperture connecting the tank with the reservoir. M M M M are
points on the cross-bar of the valve to which are fixed the chains intended to close
and open the valve. NN are closing pulleys fixed to the tank. OO are opening
pulleys fixed to the tank. P P. Q Q. are pulleys mounted on frames.
RR SS are small weights intended to maintain the cords stretched.
TTTT are weights actuating the opening and closing of the sluice valve,
UV boards on which are deposited the weights when their action has to cease.
In Witness whereof I, the said Herbert John Haddan have hereunto set
my hand and seal this thirty-first day of January AD 1883.
IT T HANDANT