A NEW OR 63 ADDADA MITS FOR DRIVING SMALL MACHINES RY
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lykke Boye, of Bergen, Norway, but temporarily of
Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony, Engineer, and Ernst Müller, of
Chrimmitschan, in the Kingdom of Saxony, for an Invention of "A NEW OR
63
ADDADA MITS FOR DRIVING SMALL MACHINES RY
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lykke Boyle and Ernst
Müller at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February
1881.
LYKKE BOYE, of Bergen, Norway, but temporarily of Dresden, in the Kingdom
of Saxony, Engineer, and ERNST MÜLLER, of Chrimmitschan, in the Kingdom of
Saxony. "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRIVING
SMALL MACHINES BY MEANS OF COMPRESSED AIR.”
The motive power hitherto generally employed for driving small machines, such,
for instance, as sewing machines, has been derived from the hand or foot, or from
the pressure of steam or water, or from coil springs, which, combined with a suitable
arrangement of mechanism, formed a substitute for human power for driving the
machine. The employment of steam or water for driving such machines is costly,
dangerous, and inconvenient, and in consequence has never been brought into
general use, and the power of springs in tension can only be effectively employed
when the power communicated, to the springs is to be used for mechanism which
requires but a very small motive force to work it. But springs are not suitable
for operating a machine requiring a considerable motive force and a high rate of
speed for any length of time, because the amount of power which it is possible to
store in a spring, and thereby transmit to a machine, is very small, and moreover
the elasticity of springs in tension is very variable.
Now the object of our Invention is to obviate the hereinbefore described
difficulties attending the use of steam, water, or springs for operating small
machines, and this we effect by using compressed air as the motive power, in the
manner hereinafter described.

page_text: In carrying out our Invention we employ a vessel or receiver of suitable material
and strength, and connected with the sewing machine or other machine to be
operated. In the said vessel or receiver we compress common air in any suitable
manner until there is sufficient pressure in the vessel or receiver to work the
machine during the time it is to be employed. We connect an oscillating engine,
specially constructed for working with compressed air, to the herein before described
compressing vessel or receiver, and to the machine to be driven, in such a manner
that the air compressed in the said vessel or receiver may be used in the cylinder
of the engine in a similar manner to steam in a steam engine.
If it is required to increase the performance of the engine we let the compressed
air from the receiver work with a certain degree of expansion in the cylinder, and
for this purpose we construct an expansion slide, whose movement relatively with
the slide face of the oscillating cylinder will indicate the degree of expansion of the
air in the cylinder.
The initial pressure in the cylinder may be kept within a certain constant limit
by throttling the air by means of suitable mechanism, although the variation of
pressure in the compressing vessel may be considerable.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Lykke Boye and Ernst Müller in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th August 1881.
LYKKE BOYE, of Bergen, Norway, but temporarily of Dresden, in the Kingdom
of Saxony, Engineer, and ERNST MÜLLER, of Chrimmitschan, in the Kingdom of
Saxony. "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRIVING
SMALL MACHINES BY MEANS OF COMPRESSED AIR."
The motive power hitherto generally employed for driving small machines, such,
for instance, as sewing machines, has been derived from the hand or foot, or from
the pressure of steam or water, or from coil springs, which, combined with a suitable
arrangement of mechanism, formed a substitute for human power for driving the
machine. The employment of human power is objectionable, as the constant
vibrations are fatiguing and injurious to some parts of the human body. The
employment of steam or water for driving such machines is costly, dangerous, and
inconvenient, and in consequence has never been brought into general use; the
water power, moreover, depends upon waterworks, and is hence limited as to
application, and the power of springs in tension can only be effectively employed
when the power communicated to the springs is to be used for mechanism which
requires but a very small motive force to work it. But springs are not suitable
for operating a machine requiring a considerable motive force and a high rate of
speed for any length of time, because the amount of power which it is possible to
store in a spring, and thereby transmit to a machine, is very small, and moreover
the elasticity of springs in tension is very variable.
Now the object of our Invention is to obviate the hereinbefore described evils or
difficulties attending the use of human power, steam, water, or springs for operating
small machines, and this we effect by using compressed air as the motive power, in
the manner hereinafter described.
The
We compress atmospheric air into a reservoir by means of a hand pump, and we
utilize this compressed air as power for driving a small motor. Air is very elastic,
no supply conduits. are needed, and this fluid is hence cheap and convenient.
compressed air we utilize in an oscillating engine, similar to that of an ordinary
steam engine.
And in order that this our. Invention may be more fully understood, we will
describe the same with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Figure 1 is a general arrangement view showing the pump, the reservoir, and
the position of the engine and the sewing machine (or it may be a fret saw or other
small machine); Figure 2 is a vertical section through the notor; and Figure 3, a
plan of same; Figures 4 to 11b refer to the slide valve and will be specially
referred to further on.
The hand pump A is fixed to the compressed air reservoir B which also serves as
frame or stand for the machine and from which the compressed air is conveyed to
the slide box of the oscillating engine by means of the hose pipe C, Figure 2.
The pump A is double acting, its dimensions as here assumed are such that working
it five minutes suffices for keeping the sewing machine at work for an hour by
350 revolutions per minute, and doing medium amount of work.
In order that the heat which is generated by the compression of the air may not
be altogether lost, a water vessel is placed in the reservoir B where it takes up this
heat and gives out heat again to the working expanding air.
To ensure a high efficiency we work the engine expansively, the thus necessitated
expansion slide a is so constructed that the inequalities otherwise produced by the

page_text: length of the piston rod b and the rod c for working the slide valve d are com-
pensated for, that is, the air expanded and compressed almost equally on both sides
of the piston.
Figure 4 is a diagram shewing the position of parts when the piston is at the
bottom, b representing the piston rod; d, the crank; and c, the slide rod.
Figure 5 shows the air inlet ports e and c. from the pipe C from the reservoir,
and the air outlet ports f, and fg to the atmosphere; these ports are in a frame or
casting D which is fastened to the top of the reservoir by means of two brackets E,
and also carries the oscillating cylinder.
Figure 6 shews the face of the slide valve a where it comes against the slide facc
of the cylinder.
Figure 7 shews the slide face of the cylinder; g and g, are two ports leading
to the upper end of cylinder, and h, and h, are two ports leading to the lower end
of cylinder.
Figure 8 represents the position of the slide faces when the piston is at the
bottom; the angularly sectioned part shews the opening for inlet below, and the
horizontally sectioned part shews the opening for the exhaust at the top. The
covered invisible edges of the ports in the slide valve a are dotted thus
and those of the ports in the frame D are dotted thus..... There are consequently
divided ports for inlet and outlet, wherefore the distribution of the air may easily be
so arranged that with the up and down motion of the needle of the sewing
machine the piston yields the corresponding amount of work (which has yet to be
decided on) so that the maximum pressure on the piston coincides with the
maximum resistance to the needle, thus ensuring a regular motion of the machine;
the quantity of air delivered to the top and bottom of cylinder may be different.
Figure 9 is a diagram shewing the various positions of the slide valve for the
various positions 1 to 12 of the crank, and with regard to the lower part of the
cylinder; this diagram is the development of the circle D, E, F, of the diagrain
Fig. 4.
The edges of like numerals work together and determine, firstly, the
inlet and expansion, and, secondly, the outlet and compression.
The curve
marked
indicates the lateral deviation of the central axis of the slide
valve a, while the curve marked
indicates the deviations of the
cylinder relatively to the framing.
--
For the expansion we thus only use the slide valve and the framing, and for the
outlet and compression we use the relative motion of the expansion slide and the
cylinder; the compression can thus be reduced to the desired extent, allowing fully
open outlet port for a great part of the stroke, as will be seen from Figs. 10 and 10";
these shew the port openings for the different distances traversed by the piston,
Figure 10 for the upper and Figure 10" for the lower end of the cylinder. The
curve 0, 1, 2. 12 indicates the deviations between the central axis of slide a and
framing. The curve 1', 21 .. 12 indicates the relative deviation between slide
and cylinder.
*
.
The open sectioned space shews the inlet, and the close sectioned space the outlet.
We thus, by this slide valve gear, obtain early full inlet opening and quick closing,
as the motions between slide valve and cylinder mutually add to each other.
The theoretical indicator diagrams Figure 11 and 11 are for top and bottom of
cylinder.
The slide faces are pressed against each other with an elastic pressure, thus
making up for wear. This is effected by the compression of an india rubber ring m
Fig. 2, between the framing and the cap i on the fulcrum centre . If conical
faces are used instead of flat faces the sectioned spaces shown would have to be
considered as projections of the cone faces.
Through the ball shape of the crank pin, and through the universal joint like
arrangement of the engine, it becomes possible for the slide faces to adjust
themselves automatically according to the wear, provided the piston axis is once
correctly erected, and this latter is easy because the least incorrectness discloses
itself by a vibration of the cylinder. The slide valve rod c has likewise ball

page_text: shaped joint pins in order to work free even after some considerable wear of the
parts.
The framing of the engine is bolted on to the bed plate of the sewing machine,
and the engine is thus at once available for use when the lid over the sewing
machine is opened. The hose pipe C is also of a length to admit of this.
To work the sewing machine by the band applied to the flywheel for quite small
work, we may arrange the motor shaft n so as to be disconnectable from the bevil
wheel o. For this purpose the clutch sleeve p having holes corresponding with
the pegs on the wheel o can be moved along the shaft, the sleeve p having a
groove, and the shaft s having an eccentrically mounted peg. When the shaft s is
turned by means of the handle t the sewing machine is coupled to or uncoupled
from the motor. The bevil wheel o gears into a bevil wheel v on a spindle u, and
thus drives the sewing machine.
As the reservoir is of a limited size the pressure will gradually decrease while
the engine is working; to counteract this we regulate the air admission to the
motor as desired during the working. For this purpose the lever 1, Figure 1, on
the air admission cock is by a rod 2 connected to a treadle 3, which can be
occasionally moved as required so as to open the cock more and more as the
pressure in the reservoir is lowered; both hands of the operator at the sewing
machine are thus left free.
The compression of the air into the reservoir may of course be effected at any
time by some other or stronger person than the operator at the sewing machine.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention, and
the mode in which the same may be carried into effect, we declare that we
claim,
First. The mode, substantially as described, of applying compressed atmospheric
air to the driving of a small oscillating engine for working a sewing machine or
other small machine.
Second. The combination of parts forming the improved motor possessing the
following characteristic features:-The application of a slide valve, such as a, for
effecting entrance lead, exhaust lead, and compression; the application of an elastic
spring m between framing and the cap i on the fulcrum for holding the slide
faces together with an elastic pressure, and the application of the framing of the
sewing or other machine to form a reservoir for compressed air.
Third. The described mode of disconnecting the motor from the machine so that
the latter may be worked by hand.
Fourth. The application of a slide valve, such as a, to oscillating engines, as and
for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Lykke Boye and Ernst Müller, have here-
unto set our hands and seals, this Thirtieth day of July, in the year of
Our Lord One thansand sight hundred and sightre one