IMPROVEMENTS IN- ANCHORS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Norris, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Anchor Manufacturer, and Robert King, of the same Place,
Foreman to the said William Norris, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN- ANCHORS."
Sealed the 14th November 1856, and dated the 15th May 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Norris and Robert
King at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 15th May 1856.
We, WILLIAM NORRIS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Anchor
Manufacturer, and ROBERT KING, of the same Place, Foreman to the said
William Norris, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved form and mode of manufacturing the
class of anchors known as "Porter's" or "swivel anchors"; to accomplish
which improvements, the "shank" of the anchor is formed of three edge
pieces (the two outer pieces being slightly rounded on the outside), and which
are welded together at the "stock" end. The "arms" of the anchor are formed
of two suitably shaped edge pieces, which are welded together at each end, at
or near the points where the "flooks" or "palms" are welded to the "arms."
The two edge pieces, forming the arms, are sufficiently apart in the centre to
admit of the end of the centre edge piece of the shank being inserted between
them; and the three edge pieces, forming the shank, are sufficiently apart at
the lower end to admit of the edge pieces, forming the "flook arms," to be
slipped in between them, and the whole are attached together by a stout
pin passing through the whole five edge pieces forming the "shank" and

page_text: "flook arms" of the anchor.
دو
"
The "flook arms swivel or turn upon the
pin in the ordinary way. The "flooks" or "palms" of the anchor are formed
of an oval shape. Upon the outside of the "flook arms," at the back of the
"palms," there are stout eyes or togles fixed for the insertion of the "anchor"
fish hook." The "stock" of the anchor is of the ordinary description, an oval
hole being formed through the shank for its insertion, where the union of the
three edge picces is formed by welding. The shackle or ring is of the
ordinary kind.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Norris and Robert King in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 15th November 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
NORRIS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Anchor Manufacturer, and
ROBERT KING, of the same Place, Foreman to the said William Norris, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said William Norris and Robert King, Her special license that we,
the said William Norris and Robert King, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Norris and Robert
King, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully, might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and the Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Norris and
Robert King, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and im-
mediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Norris and Robert King, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the

page_text: following statement, reference being also had to the accompanying Drawings,
and the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention consists of an improved form and mode of manufacturing
the class of anchors known as "Porter's" or "swivel anchors," whereby much
greater strength is obtained by a less weight of metal than now used in the
construction of anchors generally. These improved anchors are also simple in
construction, and are a perfect security against bad workmanship.
In constructing an anchor according to this our said Invention, we form the
"shank" of three or more edge pieces, or suitably shaped flat bars of iron,
which we weld together at the "stock" end, and through which welded or
solid portion of the shank we form laterally an oval hole for the insertion of
the "anchor stock," also a round hole for the insertion of a ring or shackle
bolt. If preferred, the two outer edge pieces of the shank can be slightly
rounded on the outside. The edge pieces, forming the "shank," radiate:
slightly from the point at which they are welded together at the stock end, so
that at their lower, or crown ends, they are sufficiently apart to admit of edge
plates or pieces, of which the "anchor arms" are formed, being slipped in
between them, and to which they are secured by a stout locking pin which
passes through the whole of the plates or edge pieces forming the "shank"
and "arms" of the anchor, and upon which bolt the arms swivel, or turn in
the ordinary manner. We form the "arms" of the anchor of two or more
suitably shaped plates or edge pieces, which we bring together at the points,
where we weld on the "palms" or "flooks" in the usual way. The edge
pieces forming the "arms" are sufficiently apart in the centre to admit of
their being slipped in between the edge pieces form the shank, and to which
they are attached by the "crown joint pin " above described.
The "flooks" or "palms" of the anchor we prefer to form of an oval shape!
Upon the outside of the "flook arms," at the back of the plan's, or a little
nearer to the crown, we form the toggles (or horns), which consists of flat
plates or "palms" placed across the back of the arms at an angle of about forty
legrees from the face of the main palms, and which is securely welded to pro-
ections formed on the outer edges of the edge pieces forming the "flook arms."
The anchor stock we propose to use, is of the ordinary description, made
rom an oval bar, and the shackle or ring for the cable we form from oval
ron.
That our improved plan of constructing anchors may be the more readily
een and understood, we have hereunto annexed Drawings of two anchors
constructed according to over said Invention. Like letters marked thereon
ave reference to similar parts.

page_text: Figure 1 shows a side view of one of our improved anchors,, having the
shank and arms formed of five pieces, three edge pieces being used to form
the shank; Figure 2 is a top view of the same; Figure 3 is a side view of
the anchor arms detached;. Figure 4 is a back view of the same; Figure.5 is:
a plan of the anchor shank; Figure 6 is a side view. of an anchor. showing.
another modification of our Invention; this improved.anchor having the shank
formed from four pieces and the arms from three; Figure 7 is a top view of
the same; Figure 8 is a side-view of the arms detached; and Figure 9 is a
back view of the same; and Figure 10 is a top view of the shank detached.
A, anchor shank formed! from a, edge: piece or flat bars, welded together
at,a B, the anchor arms formed" from b, curved plates or edge pieces, to
which are welded C, the "palms" or "flooks;" and E, the toggles plates;
e, shackle for fishing the anchor;. F, the locking: pin which secures the arms
and shank of the anchor together, and upon which. the arms work; G, the
anchor stock; H, the cable shackle.
.
It will be readily,seen that the pieces used to form either the anchor shank,
or arms, may be increased in number if it should be deemed desirable, as it
might be in constructing a very large anchor.
"
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this our said
Invention, and how the same may be put into practice, we wish it to be clearly
understood that we do not claim alone the forming of. the anchor arms of two
side plates or edge pieces as we are aware. that that has been done before;
but what we do claim is,-
First, the peculiar shape and method of attaching the. "palms" and " toggle
palmis" to anchor arms or edge pieces, as herein-before described.
Secondly, forming anchor shanks of three or more plates or edge pieces
welded together at the stock end, as herein-before described.
And, lastly, the constructing of anchors substantially and in the manne
herein-before described, or any mere modification of the same.
In witness thereof, we, the said William Norris and Robert King, hav
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourteenth day of November
in the of
year our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER.
WILLIAM (L.S.) NORRIS.
ROBERT (L.S.) KING.