CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Scott, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING."-A communication from abroad by Wilhelm Gminder, of
Reutlingen in the Kingdom of Wirtember
Sealed the 29th May 1866, and dated the 2nd December 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Scott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
December 1865.
I, EDWARD SCOTT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," a communication to me from abroad by Wilhelm
Gminder, of Reutlingen, in the Kingdom of Wirtemberg, to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to further improvements upon Letters Patent granted
to Wilhelm Gminder, dated November 7th, A.D. 1863, No. 2766, for a novel
and peculiar arrangement of tappets employed to actuate the "treadles" which
elevate and depress the "heald shafts," and which was more particularly
designed to effect a different disposition of the same "tappets" when a dif-
ference in the weaving is required, so as to render the same "tappets'
available for many descriptions of weaving.
The present improvements consist in a novel arrangement of the "tappets,"
and in the mechanism connected therewith for actuating the same, whereby,
I am enabled to weave repeated patterns with the same tie-up" of the

page_text: shafts, and also with equal facility a continuous pattern, in which 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 shafts are used, may be woven. The peculiar arrange-
ment of mechanism for effecting this may be thus described-Upon one end
of the crank shaft a bevil wheel is secured which gears into another bevil
wheel koyed upon and giving motion to a shaft from which is suspended a
lever; the lower end of this lever is steadied and moves in a slot formed in a
bracket secured to the framing, and at about half the length of this suspended
lever a stud is fixed for the purpose of supporting two wheels, the one large
and the other a small pinion; these wheels are formed so as to revolve
together, and receive their motion from a wheel on the shaft driven by the
aforesaid mitre wheels. The said pinion gears into a "mangle rack" in the
form of a segment of a circle which is secured to a disc or flange keyed upon
the tappet shaft; this pinion, when revolving, gives, through the medium of
the "mangle rack," a reciprocating or oscillatory motion to the " tappets,"
which tappets actuate a bowl secured to one arm of a "bell-crank "lever, the
extremities or opposite ends of which are attached by an arrangement of
connecting cords and levers to the "heald shafts," which thereby receive the
necessary rise and fall for "shedding." This arrangement of tappets' acts upon
the "treadles" or bell cranks both in their backward and forward movement,
which in effect is similar to the "tread" of the handloom weaver.
As an example of the improvements suppose a loom requiring an eight-
shaft pattern with the improved reciprocating tappet motion attached, eight
έσ tappets" alone will be needed, whereas in the old circular tappet motion
14 tappets would be required, namely, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2,
and when a different pattern is required to be woven with the same tappets
that have previously been used it will only be necessary to re-arrange and
dispose them so as to act upon the healds according to the pattern desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Scott in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
June 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
SCOTT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the

page_text: said Edward Scott, Her special license that. I, the said Edward Scott, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward
Scott, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times. thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," a communication to me from abroad by Wilhelm
Gminder, of Reutlingen, in the Kingdom of Würtemberg, upon the condition
(amongst others). that I, the said Edward Scott, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Scott, do hereby declare the
pature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to. be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by. the following statement
and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
My Invention relates to furthur improvements upon Letters Patent granted
to Wilhelm Gminder, dated November 7th, A.D. 1863, No. 27.66, for a novel
and peculiar arrangement of tappets employed to actuate the "treadles" which
elevate and depress the "heald shafts," and which was more particularly
designed to effect a different disposition of the same "tappets" when a dif-
ference in the weaving is required, so as to render the same "tappets" available
many descriptions of weaving.
My present improvements consist in a novel arrangement of the " tappets,"
and in the mechanism connected therewith, for actuating the same, whereby
I am enabled to weave repeated patterns with the same "tie-up" of the
"shafts," and also with equal facility a continuous pattern, in which 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 shafts are used, may be, woven. The peculiar arrange-
ment of mechanism for effecting this may be thus described:-Upon one end
of the crank shaft a bevil wheel is secured, which gears into another bevil
wheel keyed upon and giving motion to a shaft from which is suspended &
lever; the lower end of this lever is steadied. and; moves in a slot formed.in a
bracket secured to the framing, and at about half the length of this suspended
lever a stud is fixed for the purpose of supporting two wheels, the one a large
and the other a small pinion; these wheels are formed so as to revolve
together and receive their motion from a wheel on the shaft driven by the

page_text: aforesaid mitre wheels. The said pinion gears into a "mangle rack" in the
form of a segment of a circle, which is secured to a disc or flange keyed upon
the "tappet shaft ;" this pinion, when revolving, gives, through the medium of
the "mangle rack," a reciprocating or oscillatory motion to the "tappets,"
which tappets actuate a bowl secured to one arm of a bell-crank lever, the
extremities or opposite ends of which are attached by an arrangement of
connecting cords and levers to the "heald shafts," which thereby receive the
necessary rise and fall for "shedding.".
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made, upon a scale of
about three inches to the foot, and having similar letters of reference marked
upon corresponding parts of the apparatus.
Fig. 1 represents the front elevation of a loom employed for weaving
patterns of various descriptions to which is applied the improved arrangement
of "mangle rack," tappets, and levers for actuating and giving motion to the
"heald shafts ;" and Fig. 2 represents an end elevation of the same.
In Figs. 1 and 2 a, a, is the framing of the loom, and 6 the crank shaft,
upon one end of which the bevil wheel c is secured, which gears into the bevil
wheel d which is keyed upon and gives motion to the shaft e; from this shaft
the lever f is suspended, its lower end being steadied when moving by a guide
slot formed in the bracket g secured to the framing. At about half the length
of the suspended lever fa stud h is fixed for the purpose of supporting the
large and small wheels i and k; these wheels make equal revolutions and
receive their motion from the wheel on the shaft e. The pinion k gears into
the "mangle rack" m, which is constructed in the form of a segment or
portion of a circle, and is secured to the disc or flanged wheel 'n keyed upon
the "tappet shaft ;" the pinion k, when revolving, imparts a reciprocating or
oscillating motion by means of the mangle rack m to the tappets o, which in
their movement actuates the bowl p secured to the vertical arm of the bell-
crank lever g; the ends of this bell crank are attached by the arrangement of
connecting cords r to the lower shafts of the healds, and by the chain and
levers to the upper shafts of the same, which thereby receive the necessary
rise and fall for "shedding." This arrangement of tappets acts upon the
"treadles" or bell cranks both in their backward and forward movement,
which in effect is similar to the tread of the handloom weaver..
As an example of the improvements, suppose a loom requiring an eight-
shaft pattern with our improved reciprocating tappet motion attached, eight
tappets alone will be needed, whereas in the old circular tappet motion four-
teen tappets would be required, viz., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and

page_text: when a different pattern is required to be woven with the same tappets that
have previously been used it will only be necessary to re-arrange and dispose
them so as to act upon the healds according to the pattern desired.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with. the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I claim the application and use of the "mangle rack" wheel
and pinion and the apparatus connected therewith for the purpose of actuating
the heald shafts with a less number of tappets than hitherto required in
weaving patterns, as herein-before described, set forth, and fully illustrated. in
the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Scott, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
EDWARD SCOTT. (L.B.)