Incandescent Gas Lights.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 28th Mar., 1891
ANDIT SPECIFICATION
Incandescent Gas Lights.
I, CHARLES MARSHALL LUNGREN, of No. 24, West Street, in the City of New
York, County and State of New York, United States of America, Gas Engineer, do
hereby declare that the nature of my invention for INCANDESCENT GAS LIGHTS, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
9
My invention relates to an improved method of making filamentary bodies.
composed of the refractory earths or metallic oxides, to be used in incandescent.
gas lighting, and consists in weaving or otherwise interlacing threads or wires of
the metallic oxides or refractory earths into the form of an open mesh or net.
work, the mesh or network being arranged in any suitable shape adapted to the
flame, such as a cone or tube.
As heretofore practised, the method has been to wind the threads comprising
the structure upon a mandrel of the desired shape, and to press them together at.
the points of crossing. In making a cone, for instance, all or part of the threads.
running lengthwise of the conical mandrel, are wound, then the coil is wound over these,.
and when the two cross they are pressed together. When the threads are fine,
there is great danger in this method of construction of cutting them in two when
the pressure is sufficient to make them adhere. A more important objection to
this method of construction is, however, the rigidity of the resulting structure,
which prevents the parts expanding and contracting freely under the changes of
temperature to which the structure is designed to be subjected.
To obviate these objections, I weave or otherwise interlace the threads comprising
the structure which leaves all the parts free to move with regard to each other,
while at the same time they are held in place and the form of the structure as a
whole is preserved.
In the drawings I have shown four different forms of such interlacing, as
applied to a conical structure.
In Figs. 1 and 14, the thread of refractory earth is shown disposed in a
series of loops caught the one to the other, the arrangement being that produced by
knitting.
In Figs. 2 and 2*, the threads are made to pass over and under each other in
opposite diagonal directions, the construction being that produced by a braiding
machine.
In Figs. 3 and 34 is shown a sample of weaving proper. By appropriate
mechanism half of the vertical threads are alternately carried above and below the
horizontal thread, the operation being precisely that of a loom.
In Figs. 4 and 44 is shown a form of interweaving produced by twisting
alternate verticals about each other.
To handle a thread of the refractory earths in any of these ways requires that it
should be very plastic and remain so for a considerable length of time, and that
it should have considerable tensile strength. These qualities may be obtained by the
use of a variety of binding materials. By the addition of glycerine to glue or allied
binding materials, the hardening of the glue is prevented and threads may be pro-
duced which will remain sufficiently plastic for the purpose. The class of binders
soluble to the oils or ethers may also be used, such as rubber cement (pure rubber
dissolved in naphtha) or burned linseed oil (printers' varnish). In preparing such
threads, I mix the refractory earth, such as magnesia with the binder and work the
two together until a plastic mass of the requisite consistency is obtained. The
plastic mass is then put in a press and a thread or wire of the desired size expressed
through the die. These threads or wires may then be wound on a reel or bobbin

page_text: and are preferably coated with plumbago on the way, to prevent adherence of adjacent
threads. This result can be readily accomplished by passing the thread through a
guide supplied with plumbago. When the thread is desired for use it is cut up
into any desired lengths and used in the weaving, braiding or knitting machines in
the same manner as thread or yarn. After the structures are complete, they are
burned in a furnace at a high temperature to remove the combustible binder, and
to harden the refractory earth. They are then ready for use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described method of making incandescents of the refractory
metallic oxides or earths, which consists in expressing threads or wires from a
plastic mass, and then weaving or otherwise interlacing these threads or wires into
structures of the desired form.
2. The herein described method of making incandescent filamentary bodies
composed of the refractory earths or metallic oxides, which consists in weaving OI
otherwise interlacing threads or wires of such material into the form of an open
mesh or net work of suitable shape, substantially as described.
3. An incandescent consisting of an open or net work structure formed by
interlacing threads of the refractory carths or metallic oxides substantially as
described.
4. An incandescent filamentary body for gas lighting composed of threads formed
out of refractory earths or metallic oxides, and interlaced into a cone shaped
structure, substantially as described.
5. A. substantially conc shaped structure for gas lighting composed of inter-
laced threads of refractory carthy substance, substantially as described.
6. The herein described methods of making plastic wires or threads of the
refractory carths or metallic oxides, which consists in incorporating with such
material a binding substance such, for instance, as glue mixed with glycerine or
similar moisture absorbing material, and then expressing from such composite
mass wires or threads of the desired size.
Dated this 10th day of October A D 1890
CHARLES MARSHALL LUNGREN,
H. B. Barlow,
Agent for Applicant.