matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Im- PROVEMENTS IN SHIRTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James McGrath at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
November 1868.
I, JAMES MCGRATH, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland,
Draper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN SHIRTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in applying to shirts of ordinary shape and
construction a breast or front having a band or plait of the same or some
different material or pattern so arranged as to imitate the appearance
and dispense with the use of a neck scarf. The outer ply of the band or
plait extends or rises in a loose flap or tongue over and to the higher edge
of the neck band, and is fastened up in that position by means of a stud
or pin, or some imitation thereof, passing through it from the neck band,
the under ply of the band or plait is attached to the neck band, which may,
if desired, be fastened round the neck by a button in the ordinary way.
The lower part of the band or plait may also be fastened to the opposite
side of the shirt breast by a stud or button, or studs or buttons,
penetrating only one ply, or if preferred, both plies of the band or plait.
AN IMPROVED SWING DOOR HINGE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
August 1868.
I, SAMUEL NEWTON, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SWING DOOR HINGE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that description of single and double doors
which can be opened in opposite directions and return to their closed
positions by self-acting means. To the floor or upper part of the frame
I fix a box having a square recess with a stationary pin in the centre
and place in the recess and over the pin a spiral spring, and into this
recess I insert a block which rests on the spring and has at the top a
vee-shaped groove with rounded tops. To the bottom or top of the
door I fix a box or shoe having a part projecting from the door of a vee-
shape, and a hole which is fitted on the stationary pin in the square
recess to act as a hinge or bearing, and the opposite end of the door is
hung or supported by the ordinary pin and bearing. When the door
is closed the external vec rests in the vee groove, where it is kept steady
by means of the spiral spring. When the door is opened in either

page_text: direction the external vee acts on the curved tops of the vee groove,
thereby forcing down the block and contracting the spring, and if the
door is opened to a right angle the bottom of the external vee will be
in contact with the top of the curves, at which position there is sufficient
friction to keep the door open, but when the door is placed at a less
angle and set at liberty, the spring presses the block upwards, causing
the curved tops to act on the external vee and return it to its groove and
close the door. In some cases I make the bottom of the recess in the
box moveable so that it can be raised or lowered by a lever for the
purpose of enabling the spiral spring to exert more or less pressure as
may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING OR BLEACHING VARIOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left
left by William Campion and
George Hall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 15th September 1868.
We, WILLIAM CAMPION and GEORGE HALL, both of the Town and
County of the Town of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING
OR BLEACHING VARIOUS ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus
for washing or bleaching various articles. For this purpose we employ
a pan or other suitable vessel in which is fixed a false bottom
perforated with a number of holes. In the centre of the pan or
other vessel we fix a pipe, by preference of a conical form, the.
larger end being fixed at the bottom. In the lower part of such pipe.
suitable openings are made, and at the upper part thereof are fixed
branch pipes or tubes having suitable openings or perforations therein..
The articles to be washed or bleached are arranged on the false perforated
bottom, the top of the pan or other vessel is then closed and heat is.
applied in any suitable manner to the bottom thereof. By these means
the water or other liquid is caused when heated to rise through the

page_text: vertical pipe and to be distributed by the branches over the articles to be
washed or bleached; the water or other liquid then passes down through
such articles and through the false perforated bottom to be again heated,
whereby a continuous circulation of hot water or other suitable liquid is
caused to flow through the articles to be washed or bleached.
In some cases two or more vertical pipes and and distributing
apparatus may be employed.
5
If desired the articles to be washed or bleached may from time to
time be shifted in position, or the branch pipes may be mounted on an
axis of motion and caused to revolve by the passage of the water there- 1
through in a similar manner to an emission engine, or in other suitable
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE PREVENTION: OF FRAUD IN THE COLLECTION OF FARES IN OMNIBUSSES AND OTHER. CARRIAGES,. AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Drummond, Joseph
Clare, and Richard Hughes, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th May 1868.
We, SAMUEL DRUMMOND, of Ardwick, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Salesman, JOSEPH CLARE, of Greenfield, Saddleworth, in
the County of York, Manufacturer, and RICHARD HUGHES, of Didsbury,
in the County of Lancaster, Salesman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE PREVENTION:
OF FRAUD IN THE COLLECTION OF FARES IN OMNIBUSSES AND OTHER. CARRIAGES,.
AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of two parts:.-In the first place the passenger-
pays the collector in money which does not require change, and secondly.
he or the collector deposits that sum. in a receptacle from which the said
collector cannot subsequently take it..
The following: is the apparatus we at present propose to employ, and
which may be worn by the collector like a satchel.:-There is a small
sliding receptacle open at top and bottom, or partially so, but closed at
the latter when in a certain position by a stationary part. In this the
passenger places his fare, and the collector. then draws it forward. until

page_text: it arrives above an opening through which the money is thus swept;
it then falls through a hopper into a box below and is thus secured.
The sliding part may be made with a bottom hinged so that it will fall
over through the above-mentioned opening, and we propose that when
it has been drawn forward it shall be returned by a spring. Instead of
the above-mentioned sliding motion the receptacle may rotate to bring
its bottom over the said opening. In order to facilitate collection the
guard is provided with sufficient money for a journey or other period
as he will have to give change to enable passengers to place the exact
fare in the receptacle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAIN WATER PIPES AND CERTAIN OTHER ARTICLES IN CAST IRON
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tucker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
February 1868.
I, GEORGE TUCKER, of Canonbury Road, in the Parish of Saint
Mary, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
RAIN WATER PIPES AND CERTAIN OTHER ARTICLES IN CAST IRON," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the manufacture
of such cast-iron goods as sash weights, rain water pipes, and gutters
and their connections, furnace pans, and hot water pipes and their
connections.
These improvements consist in casting the requisite articles in chills
made of the required shape, whereby great economy in the manufacture
of large quantities is obtained with a harder and more durable surface.
The molten metal is poured into the chill, which is a cold metallic
mould of the shape required, and the sudden cooling thus occasioned
converts the surface into an extremely hard white iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING HOT AIR FOR HEATING BUILDINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Martin Stanley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th May 1868.
I, JOHN MARTIN STANLEY, of 7, East Parade, Rhyl, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING HOT AIR FOR HEATING
BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a more rapid and economical
method of obtaining hot air for heating churches, chapels, con-
servatories, and other edifices, and for other purposes where heated air
is required.
I construct a chamber of brick or other material, in one end of
which is placed the furnace. I form either longitudinally or transversely
in this chamber a number of partitions extending nearly from side
to side and running from each side alternately. The heat arising
from the combustion of the fuel in the furnace is thus compelled
to take a zig-zag course, and is detained as long as possible in the
chamber, escaping at the end furthest from the fire by a flue leading
to a chimney or where most convenient. The roof of the chamber

page_text: is formed of a plate of iron, on which is built another chamber with
partitions partially across it similar to those already described. The
roof of the upper chamber may be made of fire-brick or other good
non-conducting substance; in one end of this upper chamber I
provide an opening for the admission of atmospheric air which becomes
heated in its passage over the iron plate and round the partitions
already described, escaping by an outlet at a higher elevation than the
inlet; the heated air can then be conducted in earthen or other
pipes or flues to any part where it may be wanted.
This Invention forms also when desired a most efficient ventilator.
Any degree of heat required can be obtained by one or more dampers to
control the emission of the heated air from the upper chamber and
the draft in the fire-place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING BRAKES POR CARRIAGES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th January 1868.-A communication from abroad by Auguste
Bernier, Didier Edouard Nélaton, and David Julien Montandon, all
of Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING BRAKES
POR CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of self-acting brake,
which has for its object to prevent the straining of the horses by
being suddenly pulled up, as is the case more particularly with omnibus
horses. The pole of the carriage is allowed to have two or three inches
play, so that when the horses are pulled up they will force the pole
back. The pole communicates with a traverse rod by means of a con-
necting rod, and the brakes are fastened to the traverse rod. When
the pole is forced back it acts immediately on the connecting rod,
which forces back the traverse rod and causes the brakes to bear
against the peripheries of the wheels. This brake or brakes may be

page_text: applied with a few modifications to two-wheeled carriages. If it be
desired to prevent the brake from acting on the wheels the pole may
be stopped from sliding backwards and forwards by means of a catch
that can bo raised or lowered by means of a winch handle acting upon
a rod screwed at its lower extremity. By turning this rod a nut
working on the screwed end is made to rise or fall, and through a
jointed lever attached to the catch raises or lowers it as required.
This catch by taking on to a shoulder at the rear end of the pole will
prevent it from moving backward. The brakes may be kept from
contact with the wheels when not in action by means of a strong
adjustable spring attached to the pole. This may also be done in a
variety of other ways.
Im-. PROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES POR PUMPING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wolstenholme at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th July 1868.
I, JOHN WOLSTENHOLME, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster,.
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-.
PROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES POR PUMPING AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is particularly applicable to those pumping engines in
which a steam cylinder is employed, but it may be applied to steam
engines generally, and it consists in an improved mode of constructing
the valves for admitting the steam to the cylinder and for discharging
the exhausted steam. The valves are cylindrical where they cover and
uncover the ports leading to. the steam cylinder, and to. each valve is
cast a semi-cylindrical projection which alternately covers and uncovers
the exhaust ports; there is also a passage through the semi-cylindrical
projection to allow a portion of the exhausted steam to escape before
the lip of the valve uncovers the exhaust port, thereby allowing the
valve to complete its traverse. The valves are moved to and fro by an

page_text: arm on the piston rod of the steam cylinder acting on adjustable
shoulders fixed to the valve spindle. By this arrangement the valves
are placed near each end of the cylinder, the steam passages are reduced
in length, and consequently steam is economised.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dore and James
Thornhill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th October 1868.
We, WILLIAM DORE and JAMES THORNHILL, both of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of completely utilizing the
effective power of steam by a novel arrangement and adaptation to the
present construction of engine of one or more extra cylinders, thorough-
fares, and valves, the arrangement and adaptation or modification of
which may be described as follows, and in which the novelty of our
Invention is embraced :-
In order more fully to understand the improvement it will be first
necessary to give a short description of the compound high and low
pressure cylinders now in use, and in which the high-pressure steam is
received from the high-pressure cylinder into a second cylinder of larger
capacity, the steam from this large cylinder being condensed in the

page_text: ordinary manner, the object of such condensation being to produce a
vacuum in the larger space than that admitted of in the high-pressure
cylinder, effecting thereby a supposed increase of power over and above
the power exerted by the high-pressure cylinder alone.
Our improvements consist in connecting one or more extra cylinders
to the ordinary high-pressure cylinder, according to the require-
ments for the object in hand, that is, the steam exhausted from
the first high-pressure cylinder is received at the exhausted pressure
and made effective in the second cylinder at a pressure equalling
that with which it escapes from the front cylinder, after which,
if necessary, the latent power remaining in the steam may be further
utilized and its power made effective by again throwing it into a third
cylinder until the whole effective power of the steam is absorbed, or
the steam after having done service in the two cylinders, that is, with
high and low pressure, may be exhausted in the ordinary manner, the
fittings and construction of valves and other gear being of the ordinary
description.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' HATCHES, AND IN VENTILATING THE HOLDS AND CABINS OF SHIPS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Alcock Farrar and
Benjamin Ralph Huntley at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th March 1868.
We, JOHN ALCOCK FARRAR, of Hartlepool, in the County of
Durham, Master Mariner, and BENJAMIN RALPH HUNTLEY, of Hartle-
pool aforesaid, Ship Chandler, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' HATCHES, AND IN VENTILATING
THE HOLDS AND CABINS OF SHIPS," to be as follows:-
The hatches are proposed to be made of iron or steel or other metal,
and the hatches are proposed to be fastened to the combings by means
of screw bolts screwed through flanges of angle iron rivetted on to
the combings. The hatches will be made water-tight by having india-
rubber, gutta percha, tarred felt, or leather linings or packings at every
joint of the hatches, so that when the bolts are screwed on the hatches
are perfectly water-tight. On the top of one or more of the hatches
it is proposed to have a man-hole of any height or width made of iron
or steel or other metal in a tubular or other shape, with four or more
tubes or ventilators attached thereto, or making the man-hole a
ventilator by enclosing therein a smaller tube with openings, which

page_text: openings can be closed at any time in case of bad weather at sea. The
man-hole is to be used as a means of entering the hold for trimming
or discharging the cargo or shifting the same without lifting or taking
off or removing any of the hatches. Also to be used as a means of
ingress and egress to the bunkers from the deck. The top or cover
of the man-hole, or a portion thereof, to be made of rough plate glass
so as to give light below, and to have a hinge attached thereto for the
purpose of opening the same. When not in use the top or cover of
the man-hole or ventilator is to be fastened, screwed, or bolted down..
The hatches proposed will be much stronger, tighter, and lighter than
the hatches now used, and they will also entirely do away with
tarpaulings, battens, &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOSITION INTENDED TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF. EARTHENWARE, PORCELAIN, OR VITREOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas. Goodwin Green at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th July 1868.
I, THOMAS GOODWIN GREEN, of Church Gresley Pottery, in the
County of Derby, Earthenware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR
MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOSITION INTENDED TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF.
EARTHENWARE, PORCELAIN, OR VITREOUS ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The composition above referred to is prepared and compounded thus:-
In preparing the description of clay or material known in the trade as
C, C, (cream-colored clay) I use in lieu of Cornwall stone a material
which I propose to call Staffordshire stone, it being known to mineralogists
as granular quartz or talcose quartz, and is a substance containing quartz
and steatite or talc, and with this material about two-sixths or there-
abouts of China clay and one-sixth or thereabouts of ball clay should be
used, but the proportions can be varied as circumstances may require..
If it be desired to improve the quality of the clay or body to be.

page_text: manufactured the proportion of ball clay must be diminished and
Cornwall stone, flint, or the Staffordshire stone substituted. For making
frit or other glazes I substitute wholly or in part the Staffordshire stone
for Cornwall stone. And flint glass or vitreous material will require
similar treatment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES WITH FUEL, AND FOR PROMOTING AND REGULATING THE COMBUSTION THEREOF
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Addey Fawcett at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th December 1868.
I, JOSEPH ADDEY FAWCETT, of Wakefield, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
WITH FUEL, AND FOR PROMOTING AND REGULATING THE COMBUSTION THEREOF," to
be as follows :-
This Invention relates, firstly, to pipular boilers or that class of boiler
constructed of a series of pipes, and for improvements in which Letters
Patent were granted to James Fawcett and myself, dated the 20th day
of April 1868, No. 1281; in the Specification of which it is shewn and
described that the fuel is supplied through a series of holes or openings, by
preference in the top of the furnace thereof; and my present improve-
ments consist in the application to each of these holes of a hopper with
a conical valve or stopper fixed on a spindle or rod, on which may be a
handle at the top for lifting same, also another conical stopper is fixed
at the bottom end within the furnace, the two cones having their apexes
upward, and so arranged that when the upper one is closed to the

page_text: hopper the bottom one is open or not in contact therewith, but when
raised the top one is open to admit a quantity of fuel to drop under it;
the bottom cone being closed to the opening prevents the fuel passing
until the valves or cones are dropped, when the quantity thus admitted
below the top valve passes through the opening, the bottom cone
distributing the same upon the fire of the furnace. These valves may
be worked by mechanical means if desirable, and instead of having a
hopper to each hole or opening, the whole top of the furnace may form
the hopper, or may be divided into two or more hoppers to suit con-
venience or special circumstances. For pipular boilers or such as are
constructed to be fed through side or end openings, I combine therewith
hoppers and revolving fuel feeders or other mechanical means of feeding
having for their object the exclusion of cold air and either alone or
in combination with the above-described conical valves.
Secondly. This apparatus may be applied also for the feeding of fuel
to kilns or furnaces for drying and burning bricks, tiles, and other forms
of clay or plastic material.
Thirdly. My Invention consists in introducing fire-clay bricks or
blocks between and amongst the pipes in pipular boilers for promoting
and regulating combustion of the fuel.
AN IMPROVED FLAME SPREADER AND AERATOR FOR GAS AND OTHER BURNERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th July 1868.-A communication from abroad by Joseph Spangler
Machir, of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of
America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED FLAME SPREADER AND AERATOR FOR GAS AND
OTHER BURNERS," a communication to me from abroad by Joseph Spangler
Machir, of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus to be applied to gas
burners and to the burners of coal oil and other lamps, and of heating
apparatus, for the purpose of spreading or distending the flame and
supplying air thereto, and consists of a thin metal plate which may
be made in the form of a yoke or horse-shoe connected at its ends by
a curved cross piece and having two curved flexible arms extending at
opposite sides from the vertical portions of the plate which clasp or

page_text: grip the tip of the burner and retain the plate thereon. The curved
or arched portion of the plate is made sharp at its inner edge, and its
outer edge has a V-shaped groove formed around it. The plate when
applied to the burner is brought to a position directly above the usual
slit in the tip, and is so adjusted that when the gas is ignited all or
nearly all the luminous portion of the flame will be above the upper
edge of the plate. As the flame strikes the inclined sides of the plate
it is spread or distended while the air passes from below the flame
into the V-shaped channel, and through the latter to the centre of the
flame, which is thus furnished with such a plentiful supply of oxygen
as will ensure a perfect combustion and produce a flame of great
brilliancy. The device may be produced from a single piece of metal
by stamping out a plate of suitable form; this is placed between dies
which flatten the curved portion and produce the sharp edge herein-
before described; the groove is then cut by a saw in the edge of the
curved portion of the plate, and the flexible arms and connecting cross
Both
piece are bent to the proper shape by any suitable instrument.
the form of the plate and the mode of securing the same to the burner
may be varied in order to suit different kinds of burners, and when
it is desired only to spread the flame a knife-edge plate without any
channel may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING BONES, GRAIN, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Booth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th July
1868.
I, JOHN BOOTH, of the Town or Borough of Kingston-upon-Hull,
Millwright and Ironfounder, carrying on Business under the Style or
Firm of Oldham and Booth, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING BONES, GRAIN, AND
OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows, to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to mills for grinding bones and various
kinds of grain for providing food for cattle, and consists in the adaptation
and application to such mills of a grinding toothed roller, the grinding
surface of which is composed of alternate toothed rims and toothed
grooves, combined with a hollow cylinder or concave having its internal
concave surface formed with corresponding rims and grooves conversely
arranged. By this means the material is ground as required between
the toothed surfaces of the roller and the hollow cylinder or concave
respectively, the projecting parts on the surface of the roller being
opposite to the recessed parts on that of the concave and vice versa.

page_text: My Invention also consists in the insertion of a series of powerful
magnets in the spout leading to the machine for the purpose of with-
drawing the iron from the bones under treatment, and thereby preventing
it from doing injury to the machine. In other respects the mill is the
same as usual.
NEW (OR IMPROVED) BOXES FOR TRANSMITTING PATTERNS, SAMPLES, AND OTHER GOODS THROUGH THE POST, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Preston Nash at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th November 1868.-A communication from abroad by Edwin
Moore, of 127, Prospect Street, Brooklyn, New York.
I, WILLIAM PRESTON NASH, of No. 4, Great Saint Helen's, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "NEW (OR IMPROVED) BOXES FOR TRANSMITTING PATTERNS, SAMPLES,
AND OTHER GOODS THROUGH THE POST, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
I take Manilla hemp paper, or other strong or tough paper, and cut
the same into such a form or configuration that when doubled up a
box can be formed of the same. Before forming the box I so cover or
partially cover the paper with tin foil or lead that the box when completed
shall be lined with the tin foil or lead. I then fold the paper so
prepared into the form of the box intended to be made, and glue or gum
three sides thereof and leave the 4th side open. I then cut this 4th side
or the top or opening of the box into such a form that the two sides
will form cross folds and the top and bottom an inner and outer lapel.

page_text: For securing this form of box I pass an elastic or other hand or tape
round the box. This band is preferably fastened to the outer lapel by
means of a tag with two ends driven through the outer lapel and
clenched inside, or any other suitable mode of fastening the band may
be resorted to. I make another form of box by so cutting the paper
that the top shall form the lid or cover of the same. I do not always
line this box throughout with tin foil or lead, but I insert into it a loose
or moveable tray; I line this tray on the inside with tin foil or lead,
the sides of the lid or cover fit into the space formed between the tray
and the outer box. An india-rubber or other band or a tape can be
passed round this box as in the former case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION BY PNEUMATIC MEAKS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Prince and Alex-
ander Charles Montague Prince at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th May 1868.
We, ALEXANDER PRINCE and ALEXANDER CHARLES MONTAGUE
PRINCE, both of the Office for Patents, No. 4, Trafalgar Square, Charing
Cross, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION BY
PNEUMATIC MEAKS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as.
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in effecting telegraphic:
communication by means. of pneumatic pressure or exhaustion, or the
two combined, and in the apparatus to be employed therein, the
object of the Invention being to accomplish a system of signals by
means of the action of air on indicating or signalling apparatus.
In order to carry the Invention into effect air is contained in tubes.
through which variations of pressure, or a series of successive pressures,.
or jets of pressure or pulses, may be transmitted from one to the other-
end of the tube so as to give signals at distant points, such signals.
being due to an increased pressure due to condensation, or to a

page_text: diminished pressure due to exhaustion, the reservoirs being filled or
exhausted accordingly. The air may be compressed or exhausted by
force pumps or other known means. The tubes may be laid down
separately from place to place, or a main tube may be used to a
central station from which other tubes may be conducted to surrounding
localities. Each end of the tubes is to be provided with an apparatus with
letters. and figures or other indications or codes of signals marked thereon
to which a needle or indicating point is caused to point according
to the variation or series of pressures of the air in the containing tube.
Thus signals may be telegraphed to dials at each end of the tubes
acted upon simultaneously by the apparatus transmitting the variations
or series of pressures in the air. The telegraphic signals are to be
given by means of indicators of a suitable construction according to
the variations of pressure in a diaphragm as actuated by suitable means,
as in aneroid barometers; the operator regulates the variations or series
of the pressures for the required signals. Should the exhaust principle
or diminished pressure be used in lieu of increased pressure the valves
and indicators must be arranged accordingly.
The main object of this Invention is to substitute pneumatic telegraph
signals conveyed through tubes to indicating apparatus of any suitable
description capable of being actuated by the increase or diminution of
pressure transmitted from distant places in lieu of the ordinary electric
system of telegraphing.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, DRESSING, BEVILLING, AND MOULDING STONE AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Elliott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st August
1868.
I, JOHN ELLIOTT, of Southampton, in the County of Hants, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, DRESSING, BEVILLING, AND MOULDING
STONE AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of a vertical instrument or tool com-
posed of a holder and a diamond or other hard stone, or a hardened steel
cutter, such instrument being caused to revolve rapidly on its own axis,
and to traverse in any direction required over the surface of stone or other
hard substance. The said instrument by revolving on its own axis is
caused to effect an entrance into the stone by a boring process, and as it is
moved forward by suitable machinery in the required direction operates
on the stone below the surface by boring, abraiding, or cutting con-
tinuously, thereby forming grooves, a succession of which both in depth
and width may be made to produce mouldings or bevils, by either
lowering or raising one tool, or by a succession of similar tools arranged

page_text: in the same frame or carriage, and set so as to be capable of operating
at the same or at different depths as may be required.
The apparatus I consider best for the purpose consists of a tool
carriage having a transverse movement in a frame, which frame moves
backwards and forwards between horizontal or inclined guides or rails
fixed to angle irons straight or curved to suit the shape of the groove or
cut required. These angle irons may rest on the stone or material to be
operated upon, or have a traversing action on rails at right angles to
them, but this apparatus may be varied.
The instrument and apparatus in combination are applicable to
dressing stones or other hard materials down to an even surface, also
to grooving, bevilling, moulding, or forming panels, also to dressing
millstones. The frame in which the vertical tool revolves may be held
by the hand, or be worked by an instrument similar to a pantograph, so
as to cut letters or designs in relief.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING ELECTRIC TELE- GRAPHS AND VOLTAIC BATTERIES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Desmond Gerald Fitz-Gerald
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th August 1868.
I, DESMOND GERALD FITZ-GERALD, of Battersea, in the County of
Middlesex, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING ELECTRIC TELE-
GRAPHS AND VOLTAIC BATTERIES," to be as follows: -
My new or improved mode of constructing electric telegraphs
principally consists in the insulation of a signalling current not as
hitherto by means of a di-electric or insulating material, properly so
termed, but by means of good conductors of electricity (metals and
electrolytes) so arranged as to generate an electro-motive force which
opposes the escape of the signalling current when the latter is trans-
mitted in a particular direction; or in other words I prevent the
passage or escape to earth of the signalling current by generating an
electro-motive force, which is made to oppose such passage or escape of
the signalling current, thus allowing it to complete the line circuit.
This mode of insulating the signalling current I term "electrolytic
insulation" to distinguish it from the ordinary mode of "di-electric
insulation."

page_text: I also construct a compound voltaic arrangement or battery upon the
principle which is adopted in the construction of telegraph cables or
underground lines and of "electrolytic insulators" according to the
present Invention, namely, by surrounding a voltaic element which may
be of any desired form with one or more hollow cylinders or vessels of
which the interior surface or surfaces constitute voltaic elements dis-
similar to the above-mentioned central element and of which the
exterior surface or surfaces constitute voltaic elements of similar nature
to the central element, these compound hollow cylinders (or vessels of
any desired form) being by preference enclosed within another vessel of
which the interior surface only constitutes a voltaic element of opposite
nature to the central element. These vessels are merely separated by
intervening layers of electrolytic fluid or non-metallic material, never-
theless the battery possesses the same electro-motive force or tension as a
battery of the same number of couples constructed in the ordinary
manner or insulated from each other by means of non-conducting bodies
or di-electrics.
I also construct a secondary battery in similar manner with the ex-
ception of the surfaces of dissimilar metals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR INCREASING THE COMBUSTION AND ILLUMINATING POWER OF GAS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Allison Hogg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1868.
I, JAMES ALLISON HOGG, of 14, Montague Street, Edinburgh, in
the County of Mid Lothian, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR INCREASING
THE COMBUSTION AND ILLUMINATING POWER OF GAS," to be as follows:-
I have found that when the flame from an ordinary gas jet is made
to impinge in a certain manner upon a bar composed for the most part
of iridium a much more perfect combustion of the gas is caused, attended
with a great increase in its illuminating power. In accordance with
this fact, I have constructed a gas burner in which the flame is caused
to strike against a flat bar or plate of the aforesaid iridium, alloy, or
other suitable metal.
The manner in which I carry out my Invention is to erect by a
suitable support a small plate of the aforesaid metal, so that it shall

page_text: stand in the same vertical direction as the axis of the burner, by which
more oxygen from the atmosphere is admitted to the centre of the
flame, and is consequently attended with a more perfect combustion
of the gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, AND PARASOLS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Augustus Hely at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1868.
I, ALFRED AUGUSTUS HELY, of Stratford, in the County of Essex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in so fixing the covering of an umbrella,
sunshade, or parasol to the frame that it may be removed and refixed or
replaced by another covering at pleasure instead of being permanently
fixed to the frame. This I effect by fastenings attached either to the
covering or to the frame, or to both, whereby without interfering with
the present action of the parts the one may be securely fixed to the
other and yet admit of being easily taken apart when desired. Here-
tofore the general practice is permanently to attach the coverings to
the frames at three different points, viz., 1st, at the ferrule end of the
stick where the covering is confined over the head of the frame by means
of a cap fixed with the same into the stick; 2ndly, by stitching the
covering to the ribs at one or more intervals along their length; and,
3rdly, by stitching the ends of the covering to holes in the tips of the

page_text: ribs; but I make the cap which confines the covering over the head of
the frame removable from the said head, and which upon being
removed releases the covering at that point. I make in or apply to the
covering spring soft metal or other suitable fastenings or means of
fastening so as to catch the ribs at one or more intervals along their
length (or the said fastenings or means of fastening may be partly made
in or applied to the covering and partly in or to the ribs), and which
upon being opened or loosened release the covering at that point. And,
lastly, I make in or apply to the ends of the covering or to the tips of
the ribs, or partly in or to the former and partly in or to the latter,
fastenings or means of fastening so that the two may be securely
attached together and yet easily detached at pleasure, thereby releasing
the covering at that point.
I do not confine myself to any particular kind of fastening or means
of fastening, nor to any particular position for or method of making,
applying, or attaching the same, so long as my Invention of an umbrella,
sunshade, or parasol with a covering that can be so attached to the
frame as to be removed and refixed or replaced by another be carried out.
My Invention consists also in preparing spare or loose coverings with
the said fastenings ready attached for fixing to frames.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND INDICATING THE PASSAGE OR FLOW OF LIQUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugene Hay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1868. A communication from abroad by Claude Marie Bathias,
of 164, Rue Montmartre, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, EUGENE HAY, of No. 83, Lombard Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND INDICATING THE PASSAGE OR FLOW
OF LIQUIDS," (a communication) to be as follows:-
According to these improvements the liquid to be measured is caused
to flow through an annular chamber, which thereby becomes filled.
In this annular chamber there are a series of buckets or floats or paddles
supported so as to move therein from an axis capable of revolving.
These buckets or floats or paddles by the action of the liquid passing
through this chamber have motion given to them to move the axis to
which they are affixed. The inner surface of the annular chamber
is formed with teeth or serrations which control the action of the
liquid on buckets or hollow floats. As the buckets or floats or paddles
revolve and give motion to the axis to which they are applied motion
is given from such axis to a chain or series of wheelwork with dials

page_text: to indicate the extent of liquid passed. The passage or flow of the
liquid is regulated by a cock or tap or cocks or taps. When two cocks
or taps are employed, one to and the other from the measuring com-
partments I prefer that they be connected together by levers and links
or otherwise, and that the area of the passage to the measuring, chamber
be kept freer than the escape in order to the measuring chamber being
kept full.
IMPROVEMENTS IN, LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Giles Cooper and Robert
Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th September 1868.
We, WILLIAM GILES COOPER, Machine Maker, of Burnley, in the
County of Lancaster, and ROBERT HARRISON, Mechanic, of Britania, near
Bacup, in the County aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN, LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:
This Invention relates,-
Firstly. To a self-acting: and adjusting weighting of the warp beam,..
which we effect as follows:-Near the top of the end. frame we fix a.
stud on which is a pulley, cord, and weight,, another pulley is placed.
on the stud acting as weight lever fulcrum, and a third pulley works on.
a stud fixed to the bottom cross rail of the loom, and these and the lever-
weight are connected by means of a cord which works over the pulleys.
On the stud fixed to the bottom cross rail is a pulley (smaller than those
already mentioned), and connected by a strap or chain to an upright rod'
working in guides under the warp beam. On the end of this rod is a
cross piece bearing or pressing on the yarn; as the yarn is wound off the.
rod rises in its bearings, thus slackening the strap or chain and easing.

page_text: the rope working over pulleys and attached to the lever weight, and
allows the said weight to slide down the lever; we thus obtain a certain
and self-acting adjustment without attention on the part of the operator
and secure evenly woven cloth; the ordinary weight levers we place at
the inside of the back rail and crank the chain or rope end under or over
the said rail; this we find an advantage.
Secondly. To improved apparatus for "taking up" the cloth as it is
woven. This we effect by means of a cam on the tappet shaft or attached
to the tappet wheel; the cam actuates a parallel rod imparting thereto
a horizontal "to-and-fro" motion; the other end of the rod is turned or
cranked down and in its lower part is a slot hole. The rod gives motion
to a catch lever working on a stud near the middle of such lever, the
lower part of which has a slot hole corresponding with that first men-
tioned, and the upper part of the lever carries two catches. On the stud
is a catch wheel, also a change wheel gearing with a carrier wheel on a
stud, and on which is a pinion gearing with a wheel on the cloth roller.
At the end of the ordinary "cloth rod' we affix an arm on which
is a stud passing through the slot holes in the end of parallel rod
and catch lever at each revolution of the tappet shaft; the cam imparts
motion by means of the parallel rod, catches, and gearing to the cloth
roller and "takes up" the cloth. As the cloth roller increases in
diameter the cloth rod is depressed and the stud in the slot holes
is lower down, the sweep of catch lever on its fulcrum and the motion
of catch and gearing is decreased, and the tension on the cloth is
uniform; this arrangement dispenses with the use of the emery roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOW PIPES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Osborn Spong and
John Frederick Haddaway at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st March 1868.
We, JAMES OSBORN SPONG and JOHN FREDERICK HADDAWAY, both
of Fulham Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOW PIPES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction
of blow pipes in which the fire or flame and the blow pipe are contained
or combined in one instrument, thus avoiding the necessity of applying
the flame separately from the blow pipe as hitherto.
We attach to the blow pipe near the outlet a vertical revolving
chamber or receptacle which contains wool or other fibrous or textile
absorbent material, which is to be saturated with spirit, oil, or hydro-
carbon; the top of the chamber is formed with a narrow opening
answering the purpose of a wick holder, through which the flame burns
when the hydrocarbon is lighted. The receptacle is attached to the pipe
by means of a tap or cock form of joint working in a globe on the pipe,
so that whichever way the receptacle is turned the blast enters the globe

page_text: and passes up the hollow stem of the receptacle into a false bottom, and
is then conducted by a terminal end of the blow pipe extending from the
lower part of the receptacle and false bottom, such terminal being curved
to bring its outlet in a horizontal line across the flame; it therefore
follows that in whatever direction the receptacle is turned a pointed
flame of intense heat may be brought to bear on the work to be done or
the article to be soldered; there is consequently no liability of falling
sparks; the instrument is more economical to use, and leaves a pure
and clean surface upon the article when soldered. It may be actuated
by the mouth or by bellows, and is suitable for use by dentists, gold-
smiths, silversmiths, jewellers, gasfitters, plumbers, and braziers, and can
be worked with perfect freedom by both hands. An extinguisher or
is made to fit the top of the revolving chamber, which also prevents
evaporation of the spirit or hydrocarbon while the blow pipe is not
in use.
cap