Improvements in Fluid Pressure Generators for Motors.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Apr., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fluid Pressure Generators for Motors.
.I, LOUIS RENAULT, of 14, Place de Laborde, Paris, in the Republic of France, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a generator of expanded steam and gas for continuous
combustion under pressure. It will be granted that, in gas motors of every descrip-
tion, the increase in volume of the gases at the instant of the explosion is due solely
to the high temperature to which they are raised; and, as is well known, the
ignition of the explosive mixture takes place intermittently that is to say as a
general rule after each stroke of the piston. Instead of this method of instan-
taneous and intermittent ignition, it is possible to utilise the result of the continuous
combustion of a blow-pipe, supplied with a gas or other combustible of any suit-
able nature, burning in a closed chamber under pressure, which combustion raises
the mixture of combustible and inflammable gases to the same temperature as that
to which they are raised in the cylinder of gas motors of any description heretofore
in use.
In this manner an expanded fluid mass is obtained, the expansion and
consequent tension of which may be utilised under conditions similar to those
which are present in elastic fluid engines as at present in use, such, for example,
as steam or compressed air engines and the like.
The chamber in which the blow-pipe burns will, however, become heated, and
in order to cool it, I might utilise the usual cooling methods, that is to say, either
the external circulation of a fluid or radiation; but in this way a contraction of
the gases and more especially a loss of heat and consequently of energy would be
occasioned.
vapour
In order to obviate this disadvantage, I cause the water or other volatile liquid
to enter the space or chamber containing the blow-pipe in direct contact with the
flame of the combustion taking place under pressure, either by circulation or by
pulverisation or spraying, or by employing these two methods in combination.
This water
other volatile
or
liquid will in the first place keep
the temperature of the apparatus within convenient and safe limits,
and secondly it will give off
which will be added to the
to
volume of expanded gas and which, consequently, will contribute
obtaining increased efficiency; in addition to this such vapour will reduce the
gases resulting from the combustion to a temperature suitable for their utilisation
in elastic fluid engines. It will be understood that in this manner almost the
whole of the heat given off by the combustion may be utilised, except that portion
lost by radiation, which may however be greatly diminished owing to the relatively
small dimensions of the gas generator. Furthermore, as the combustion is made
continuous, the use of any description of combustible, whether gaseous, liquid or
solid, is rendered practicable.
The apparatus which I employ when a gaseous combustible is used and the
vaporisation of the water or other volatile liquid is effected by pulverisation, is
constituted by the following principal parts; an assemblage of pumps, a water

page_text: reservoir, the apparatus for combustion under pressure, and the combustible gas
supply.
The assemblage of pumps comprises three pumps actuated by a single motor
cylinder; the driving shaft of which carries a regulating fly-wheel and a starting
crank or lever. One pump serves for water or other volatile liquid which it with-
draws from a tank through a pipe provided with a metal gauge and forces into
the reservoir.
Another pump serves for the combustible gas supplied from the supply appa-
ratus and forces the gas through the air chamber, and regulating cock into the
combustion chamber.
The third pump is an air (or combustible gas) pump, obtaining its supply of
air or combustible gas from the atmosphere or from a suitable reservoir respectively,
the same being previously filtered through a metallic wire gauze or sieve, and
forcing such air or gas under pressure into the reservoir, which is in communication
by means of a feed pipe with the combustion apparatus the said pipe having a stop
cock arranged therein and also connected by means of a small branch pipe with
the cock of the spraying nozzles.
The reservoir is provided with a float which actuates the rod of a valve enclosed
in a tube, which valve serves to open or close the extremity of pipe which branches
out of the suction pipe of the first pump and is thus in communication with the
supply tank.
The combustion apparatus comprises a resistance chamber provided or formed
with an internal conical convergent-divergent adjutage or nozzle and a perforated
disc situated above an opening placing the chamber in communication with the
regulating cock. The centre of the disc is pierced so as to permit of the passage
of the convergent tube or nozzle which is rigidly fixed in or upon the chamber and
communicates by suitable connections with the aforesaid pipe.
"
The chamber is cast or formed with a flange, and, opposite to this flange, a
counter-flange. This flange and counter flange press and support between them a
plate and each is provided with a circular groove or channel, one of these com-
municating with the passage formed in the plate, the other channel communicating
with another passage also formed in the plate. The second channel carries upon
its circumference a certain number of conical nozzles, which receive axially a cor-
responding number of tubes traversing the plate and opening into the channel.
The counter flange carries a sleeve open at both ends, which sleeve is enveloped in
a cap closed at its upper extremity, the whole assemblage situated above the plate,
being enclosed in a resisting envelope which is jointed upon the plate and provided
with an opening allowing communication with the pipe leading to the inlet of the
actor and with the pipe leading to the inlet of another elastic fluid motor. The
chamber is furnished with an electric are placed above the convergent-divergent
adjutage or nozzle.
The first passage communicates with a pipe provided with a cock and fixed
at its other extremity to the lower part of the vessel or reservoir.
The second passage communicates with the branch pipe leading from
the feed pipe.
The supply pipe is in communication with a supply
of combustible gas (illuminating gas, hydrogen, acetylene, or other suit-
able gas). In the present instance in communication with a carburetter using
a volatile combustible liquid, and which by giving off the vapour of hydro-carbons,
places the apparatus in the category of those fed with a gaseous combustible. This
carburetter consists of a receptacle of any suitable form and carries a float con-
stituted by a sheet of metal having upon one side a flue and on the other side a
coil.
A coil placed in the bottom of this carburetter communicates with the atmo-
sphere by means of a pipe and also with the discharge of the motor by means of
another pipe.
The operation of this apparatus is as follows: The water tank is first of all filled,
and the motor discharge, regulating gas feed cocks are opened and one of the spray
feed cocks through which the water supplied to the pulverisers passes, is closed.

page_text: An electric spark is caused to pass in the igniter, and the starting lever is actuated
by hand. The three pumps then commence to act. The first pump forces the
water into the reservoir. The second pump sucks the combustible gas through a
pipe either from the carburetter, from a retort, from an illuminating gas conduit,
or finally from a reservoir containing hydrogen, acetylene or other gas; the gas is
forced by the pump by means of the reservoir or air chamber and its pipe into the
combustion apparatus. The supply pump is supplied either with air or with com-
bustible gas from the atmosphere in the first case and from a special reservoir in
the second and forces such air or gas into the combustion apparatus through the
water reservoir.
The combustible and inflammable gases, on coming into contact with the electric
spark, ignite, expand and heat the walls of the apparatus. When this latter is
sufficiently hot the spray feed cock is opened, and the water forced by the pump
into the said reservoir flows into the first channel, and rises through tubes therein
and breaks and is finely pulverised on issuing from the nozzle or nozzles in contact
with an air jet conducted by the air pipe and its branch, under the influence of the
forcing pressure of the third pump, into the second channel, and consequently
into the nozzles. The particles of finely sprayed water volatilise under the influence
of the heat given off by the combustion. This vaporisation will occasion a fall
in the temperature of the combustion apparatus and will give rise to the formation
of a fluid mass composed of the expanded gases and of the steam, which may escape
after having passed round a baffle, by an opening, passing, on the one hand, by
way of a pipe into the cylinder of the motor for the purpose of actuating the pumps,
and on the other hand, by way of a pipe into an elastic fluid motor (vapour engine)
in which motor this fluid mass may replace the steam produced by a steam generator
of the ordinary description.
The float of the water reservoir serves to keep the level in such reservoir practi-
cally constant; thus, if the level of the water rises too much, the float rises and lifts
a valve, whereby a certain quantity of water is enabled to escape by way of a pipe,
which branches out of the suction pipe, and return to the supply tank.
For the purpose of recovering or conserving the heat of the escape gases of the
motor a coil may be placed in the supply tank which arrangement will be here-
after explained.
These escape gases are brought by a pipe into the coil and heat the combustible
liquid contained in the carburetter which serves to carburate air for the production
of a gaseous combustible; these gases then escape into the open air. In this car-
buretter, the air aspired by the pump enters by the duct and circulates in the spirals
of the coil in contact with the surface of the hydro-carburetted liquid previously
introduced into the apparatus, and leaves the latter charged with carbides and is
then forced by the pump, and by means of the air chamber into the combustion
apparatus. The coil permits this air to circulate in a uniform and constant manner
whatever the level of the liquid in the carburetter may be.
When I employ a liquid combustible, the combustion apparatus is constituted
by water and air pumps, the reservoir and its supply tank and the combustion
apparatus which were employed in the case of a gaseous combustible. The second
rump is replaced by the reservoir containing the combustible liquid under pressure,
such reservoir and also the water reservoir being in direct communication with
the forcing mechanism of the air pump by the pipe. An opening closed by means
of screw stopper serves for filling the liquid reservoir. The combustion apparatus
is arranged in the same manner as in the first case except as regards the resistance
chamber or part constituted by the flange and the base plate, connected by a tube
around which passes a spiral tube, one of whose extremities opens into the lower
part of the reservoir, the other connecting with one of the pipes of the ordinary
regulating cock. The other pipe of the said cock communicates with the con-
vergent conical nozzle which traverses the centre of the perforated disc located
above the pipe or socket which forms one with the base plate and serves to connect
the combustion apparatus with the supply pipe.

page_text: The combustion apparatus also communicates, by means of its upper opening,
with the inlet of the pump motor by a pipe, and also by another pipe with another
motor. The discharge port of the first motor is connected by means of a pipe to
one of the extremities of the coil provided in the supply tank the other extremity
of the coil being in communication with the open air.
The action of the apparatus is as follows: The cocks water and combustible liquid
are closed and the motor discharge cock is opened. The coil is then heated for the
purpose of effecting a start by means of an auxiliary lamp, or it may be placed in
the flame of a combustible liquid. The lever is then actuated by hand. The water
pump withdraws water from the supply tank and forces it into the water reservoir.
The air pump sucks up air (or inflammable gas), which is first filtered or strained
through a metal gauze or sieve, from the atmosphere (or from a special reservoir)
and forces it into the combustion apparatus. The forcing mechanism of this pump
is in direct communication with the water and combustible vessels so that the water
(or volatile liquid), the liquid combustible and the air (or inflammable gas) are at
the same pressure.
The electric igniting device is caused to act, the combustible liquid cock is
opened, the combustible gases and the air (or inflammable gas) ignite, and, when
the apparatus is sufficiently heated, the cock is opened admitting the water to the
pulverisers. From this point the method of action is identical with that previously
described. Under ordinary conditions the blow pipe combustion heats the tube
in a continuous manner and as a consequence the coil is constantly hot. In the
coil within the supply tank circulates the heated gas coming from the dischargo
of the cylinder of the motor; in this manner a portion of the waste heat is recovered or
conserved, and hot water is introduced into the combustion apparatus which is
preferable to introducing cold water.
In order to vaporise or volatilise the liquid combustible, I may, instead of causing
it to pass through a coil, heat the pulveriser by means of one or more jets of air.
The lower portion of the combustion apparatus is then constituted by the chamber
provided with the flange already described and the conical convergent-divergent
adjutage or nozzle. Upon this chamber is screwed the base plate provided with
the pipe or socket for connecting with the air supply pipe; this base plate has a
cock for the admission of the liquid combustible coming from the reservoir through
the pipe to the tube and the conical nozzle formed upon the perforated disc which
is supported between the base plate and the chamber.
This apparatus acts in the following manner; the air entering by the gas feed
pipe, divides into two parts, one passing through the holes in the perforated disc,
the other passing into the nozzle where it meets the current of combustible liquid
which it pulverises. The inflammable gas and the particles of combustible liquid
then ignite on contact with the electric spark; from this point the apparatus acts
in the manner already described.
When a solid combustible is employed the combustion apparatus is constituted by
a cylindrical body of strong sheet iron, closed at both ends. The upper part is
provided with an opening for the passage of an elongated cone provided with a
chamber surmounted by a funnel. The chamber may be isolated by two sliding
doors actuated by screws each provided with a hand wheel. Within the body and
fixed to it, is the sheet iron part forming a concentric space open at its upper
portion this part carries a number of bent down pipes connecting with a corres-
ponding number of pulverisers (similar to those already referred to) communicating
with a pipe. A little above the line of junction of the sheet metal parts, is placed
a grating below which is a circular pipe provided with a number of holes. Within
this pipe is a tube of less diameter connected by means of small pipes to the open-
ings which are provided with pulverisers. At the lowest portion of the bottom is
placed a cock, and upon the lid is provided the pipe furnished with a metal gauze
or sieve and the opening having a door.
The method of action of this apparatus is as follows: the space receives water
under pressure from the water pump already referred to with regard to the foregoing

page_text: arrangements through a pipe; the level of the water will be kept constant by
devices similar to that of the float placed in the water reservoir. The dampers are
opened and the solid combustible, which may be previously ignited if desired, is
introduced by way of the funnel or hopper into the cone, and distributed upon the
grating. By opening momentarily the cock and the door, a circulation of air is
produced which assists the ignition of the combustible. When the apparatus has
become well heated, the door and the cock are closed, and combustion is fed under
pressure by forcing the air (or inflammable gas) by the air pump which we have
previously mentioned, under the grating in the tube whence it escapes through
the openings and the pulverisers, and above the grating in the tube, whence the air
escapes through the pulverisers. The water contained in the space will thus be
heated and will give off vapour at the combustion pressure. When the apparatus
has become well heated the pulverisers are caused to act which are supplied with
water by means of the tubes from the space. The particles of finely pulverised
water vaporise and volatilise in contact with the flames coming from the upper
part of the grating. On the other hand the inner pipe might communicate with
the said space; in this manner it might serve to supply the pulverisers distributed
upon the outer pipe, which produce beneath the grating jets of air and of pulverised
water. Finally a fluid mass of expanded gas and vaporised water is produced
which is collected by a pipe and utilised in the manner above stated.
If it is desired to introduce fuel whilst the apparatus is working without causing
the pressure to fall, all that is necessary is to enclose it in a chamber by suitably
manipulating the registers or dampers. The cock serves for the discharge of the
cinders.
In order to start the apparatus without employing previously ignited fuel,
petroleum or some other combustible liquid may be forced under pressure into the
inner tube, and ignited by means of an electric spark, on its leaving the pulverisers;
the ignited petroleum communicates the fire to the solid combustible.
Finally, by employing in this apparatus solid fuel upon the grating, and by
introducing through the inner tube (that is to say, through the openings) a gaseous
or liquid combustible, we have a unique apparatus permitting of the use of gaseous,
liquid or solid combustibles either separately or in combination.
So far I have referred to arrangements by which I am able to vaporise water (or
other volatile liquid) by means of pulverisation in the midst of the gases in com-
bustion in the combustion apparatus.
It may, however, be also vaporised by means of internal circulation, by employ-
ing plates or conduits.
In this case the whole of the assemblage placed above the plate is constituted
in the following manner; the said plate is pierced with a single opening. The
sleeve above referred to is replaced by a sleeve having internal projections or wings
and an external channel wound around it in spiral form. Between the strong
envelope and the baffle is placed a sleeve provided with wings or projections and
forming a space with the envelope which carries the water admission pipe. The
outer sleeve carries the waste pipe, the extremity of which opens into the external
channel.
In order to cause this apparatus to act, the inlet for air under pressure is blocked
and water is caused to enter by a pipe filling the space and running off through
the waste pipe into the channel, communicating with the discharge. The blow pipe
flame burning within the sleeve heats the water contained in the external channel,
vaporises it, and the fluid mass of expanded gas and of steam, which are formed
this moment, follows and passes right round the baffle, heats the wings and the
sleeve and consequently the water which likewise produces vapor which joins the
fluid mass. By regulating the admission of water in such a manner that it circu-
lates in the channel and does not leave by the waste pipe, a fluid mass is obtained
which is precisely similar to that which we have previously obtained.
By placing in the sleeve of this modification, similar pulverisers to those employed

page_text: in the form of apparatus above described pulverisation of the water will be obtained
both by pulverisation and circulation.
I have already stated that I cause ignition of the gaseous mixture by means of
an electric arc, but it will of course be understood that any other method of ignition
may be employed. In the same way the blow-pipe may be of any suitable
description.
The means of circulation or of pulverisation which has been explained, might
advantageously be employed in the cylinders of gas motors in order to cool them
and increase their efficiency. Thus by pulverising water in the bottom of the
cylinder at each explosion, by means of one or more pulverisers giving an inter-
inittent jet, this water would increase, by transforming itself into vapour, the
expansive force of the gases whilst at the same time preventing the cylinder from
becoming heated, keeping it at a suitable temperature. Water might also be placed
in cups suitably arranged in the explosion chamber which would be vaporised at
the expense of the heat due to the explosion. In short, I cool the cylinder by
placing a volatile liquid in direct contact with the explosion chamber.
Dated this 13th day of April 1897.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
I, LOUIS RENAULT, of 14, Place de Laborde, Paris, in the Republic of France, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to a generator of expanded steam and gas for continuous
combustion under pressure. It will be granted that, in gas motors of every descrip-
tion, the increase in volume of the gases at the instant of the explosion is due solely
to the high temperature to which they are raised; and, as is well known, the
ignition of the explosive mixture takes place intermittently that is to say as a
general rule after each stroke of the piston. Instead of this method of instan-
taneous and intermittent ignition, it is possible to utilise the result of the continuous
combustion of a blow-pipe, supplied with a gas or other combustible of any suit-
able nature, burning in a closed chamber under pressure, which combustion raises
the mixture of combustible and inflammable gases to the same temperature as that
to which they are raised in the cylinder of gas motors of any description heretofore
In this manner an expended fluid mass is obtained, the expansion and
consequent tension of which may be utilised under conditions similar to those
which are present in elastic fluid engines as at present in use, such, for example,
as steam or compressed air engines and the like.
in use.
The chamber in which the blow pipe burns will, however, become heated, and
in order to cool it, I might utilise the usual methods of cooling, that is to say,
either the external circulation of a fluid or radiation; but in this way a contraction
of the gases and more especially a loss of heat and consequently of energy would
be occasioned.
In order to obviate this disadvantage, I cause the water or other volatile liquid
to enter the space or chamber containing the blow-pipe in direct contact with the
flame of the combustion taking place under pressure, either by circulation or by
pulverisation or spraying, or by employing these two methods in combination.
This water or other volatile liquid will in the first place keep the temperature of

page_text: the apparatus within convenient and safe limits, and secondly, it will give off vapour
which will be added to the volume of expanded gas and which, consequently, will
contribute to obtaining increased efficiency; in addition to this such vapour will
reduce the gases resulting from the combustion to a temperature suitable for their
utilisation in elastic fluid engines.
It will be understood that in this manner almost the whole of the heat
given off by the combustion may be utilised, except that portion lost
by radiation, which may however be greatly diminished owing to the relatively
small dimensions of the gas generator. Furthermore, as the combustion is made
continuous, the use of any description of combustible, whether gaseous, liquid or
solid, is rendered practicable.
I have illustrated my invention in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a general view shewing the application of my invention when a
gaseous combustible is employed.
Figure 2 is a detail view of the float shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 shews in plan the coil shown in Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a detail view of the combustion apparatus when the water is
vaporised by pulverisation and a gaseous combustible is employed.
Figure 5 is a general view of my generator adapted for the use of a liquid com-
bustible.
Figure 6 is a detail view of a portion of the combustion apparatus shown in
Figure 5 in which the liquid combustible is volatilised by heating.
Figure 7 is a detail view of a portion of the said combustion apparatus in which
the combustible is volatilised by pulverisation.
Figure 8 shews a form of the apparatus adapted for the use of a solid combustible
and
Figure 9 shews the combustion apparatus when the water is to be vaporised by
circulation.
The apparatus which I employ when a gaseous combustible is used and the
vaporisation of the water or other volatile liquid is effected by pulverisation, con-
sists as shown in Figure 1 of the following principal parts; a series of pumps A,
a water reservoir B, the apparatus C for combustion under pressure and the com-
bustible gas supply D.
The series of pumps A Figure 1 comprises three pumps 8, 9 and 10 actuated by
a single motor cylinder 12; the driving shaft of which carries a regulating fly-
wheel and a starting crank or lever 14. The pump 8 serves for water or a volatile
liquid which it withdraws from a tank 1 through a pipe a provided with a metal
gauze 2 and forces into the reservoir B through the pipe b.
The pump 9 serves for the combustible gas supplied from the supply apparatus D
through the pipe e and forces the gas through the pipe provided with an air
chamber 11, the pipe d and the regulating cock 15 into the combustion chamber C.
The pump 10 is an air (or combustible gas) pump, obtaining its supply of air
or combustible gas from the atmosphere or from a suitable reservoir respectively,
the same being previously filtered through a metallic wire gauze or sieve, and forcing
such air or gas under pressure through the pipe e into the reservoir B, which is in
communication by means of a feed pipe e¹ a cock 16 and pipe ell with the com-
bustion apparatus. The pipe e¹ is also connected by means of a small branch
pipe el with the cock 21."
The reservoir B is provided with a float 4 shown in detail in Figure 2 which
actuates the rod 6 of a valve 6 enclosed in a tube 5, which valve serves to open
or close. the extremity of the pipe 7 which is a branch of the suction pipe a of the
pump 8 and is thus in communication with the supply tank 1.
The combustion apparatus C Figure 4 comprises a resistance chamber 17 provided
or formed with an internal conical convergent-divergent adjutage or nozzle 17¹
and a perforated disc 33 situated above an opening 34 in communication with the
regulating cock 15 (Figure 1). The centre of the disc 33 is pierced so as to permit
of the passage of the convergent tube or nozzle 35 which is rigidly fixed in or upon

page_text: the chamber 17 and communicates by suitable connections with the aforesaid
pipe ell
The chamber 17 is cast or formed with a flange 291, and, opposite to this flange,
is arranged a counter flange 36. This flange and counter flange press and support
between them a plate 37 and each is provided with a circular groove or channel,
one of these, the channel 29 communicating with the passage 20 formed in the
plate 37, the other channel 28 communicating with another passage 21 also formed
in the plate 37, The channel 28 communicates with a certain number of conical
nozzles 19 which receive axially a corresponding number of tubes 30 traversing
the plate 37 and opening into the channel 29. The counter flange 36 carries a
sleeve 31 open at both ends, which sleeve is enveloped in a cap 22 closed at its
upper extremity, the whole arrangement situated above the plate 37 being enclosed
in a resisting envelope 23 which is connected to the plate 37 and provided with an
opening 24 allowing communication with the pipe 24' leading to the inlet of the
motor 12 and with the pipe 24" leading to the inlet of another elastic fluid motor
The chamber 17 is furnished with an electric arc 18 placed above the convergent-
divergent adjutage or nozzle 17¹.
The passage 20 communicates with a pipe f Figure 1, provided with a cock and
fixed at its other extremity to the lower part of the water vessel or reservoir B. The
passage 21 communicates with the branch pipe ell leading from the feed pipe el.
The pipe c is in communication with a supply of combustible gas illuminating gas,
hydrogen, acetylene or other suitable gas). In the drawing Figure 1 it is shewn in
communication with a carburetter 25 using a volatile combustible liquid, and
which by giving off the vapour of hydrocarbons, places the apparatus in the category
of those fed with a gaseous combustible. This carburetter consists of a receptacle
of suitable form and carries a float 26 constituted by a sheet of metal having
upon one side a flue or duct 25¹ and on the other side a coil which is shewn in plan
in Figure 3. A coil 27 placed in the bottom of this carburetter communicates
with the atmosphere by means of the pipe 271 and also with the discharge of the
motor 12 by means of the pipe 2711.
any
The operation of this apparatus is as follows: The water tank is first of all filled,
and the cocks 13, 15 and 16 are opened and the cock 20 through which the water
supplied to the pulverisers 19 passes, is closed. An electric spark is caused to pass
in the igniter 18, and the starting lever 14 is actuated by hand. The three pumps 8,
9 and 10 then commence to act. The pump 8 forces the water through the pipe b
into the reservoir B. The pump 9 sucks the combustible gas through the pipe c
either from the carburetter 25 shewn in the drawing, from a retort, from an illumin-
ating gas conduit, or finally from a reservoir containing hydrogen, acetylene or
other gas; the gas is forced by the pump by means of the air reservoir 11 and the
pipe d into the combustion apparatus C. The pump 10 is supplied either with air
or with combustible gas from the atmosphere in the first case and from a special
reservoir in the second and forces such air or gas into the combustion apparatus C
through the water reservoir B.
The combustible and inflammable gases, on coming into contact with the electric
spark, ignite, expand and heat the walls of the apparatus C. When this latter
is sufficiently hot the cock 20 is opened, and the water forced by the pump 8 into
the said reservoir B flows through the pipe f, into the channel 29, and rises through
the tubes 30 Figure 4 and breaks and is finely pulverised on issuing from the
nozzle or nozzles 19 in contact with an air jet conducted by the air pipe e¹ and its
branch e¹¹, under the influence of the forcing pressure of the pump 10, into the
channel 28, and consequently into the nozzles 19. The particles of finely sprayed
water volatilise under the influence of the heat given off by the combustion. This
vaporisation will occasion a fall in the temperature of the apparatus C and will
give rise to the formation of a fluid mass composed of the expanded gases and of
The steam, which may escape (Figure 4) after having passed round the baffle 22.
by the opening 24, passing, on the one hand, by way of the pipe 24¹ into the
cylinder of the motor 12 for the purpose of actuating the pumps 8, 9 and 10, and

page_text: on the other hand, by way of the pipe 24" into an elastic fluid motor (vapour
engine) in which motor this fluid mass may replace the steam produced by a steam
generator of the ordinary description.
The float 4 of the reservoir B (Figures 1 and 2) serves to keep the level in such
reservoir practically constant; thus, if the level of the water rises too much the
float rises and lifts the valve 6, whereby a certain quantity of water is enabled to
escape by way of the pipe 7, which branches out of the pipe a, and return to tho
tank 1.
For the purpose of recovering or conserving the heat of the escape gases of the
motor 12 a coil may be placed in the tank 1, as shewn in Figure 5 of the drawings,
which arrangement will be hereinafter explained.
In the arrangement illustrated in Figure 1 these escape gases are brought by
way of the pipe 27" into the coil 27 and heat the combustible liquid contained in
the carburetter 25 which serves to carburate air for the production of a gaseous
combustible; these gases then escape into the open air through the pipe 271. In
this carburetter, the air aspired by the pump 9 enters by the duct 251 and circulates
in the spirals of the coil 26 in contact with the surface of the hydro-carburetted
liquid previously introduced into the apparatus, and leaves the latier charged with
carbides by the pipe c and is then forced by the pump 9, and by means of the air
chamber 11, into the combustion apparatus C. The coil 26 permits this air to
circulate in a uniform and constant manner whatever the level of the liquid in
the carburetter 25 may be.
When I employ a liquid combustible, the combustion apparatus consists as shown
in Figure 5 of water and air pumps 8 and 10, the reservoir B and its tank 1 and
the combustion apparatus C which were emploved in the case of a gaseous com-
bustible and which are shewn in Figure 5 with the same letters and figures of
reference. The pump 9 is replaced by the reservoir D containing the combustible
liquid under pressure, such reservoir and also the vessel B being in direct com-
munication with the forcing mechanism of the air pump 10 by means of the
pipe e el ell
An opening closed by means of screw stopper serves for filling
the vessel D. (Figure 5). The combustion apparatus C is arranged in the same
manner as in the first case (Figure 1) except as regards the resistance chamber or
part 17 constituted by the flange 291 (Figure 6) and the base plate 48, connected
by a tube 51 around which passes a spiral tube 45, one of whose extremities opens
into the lower part of the reservoir 1), the other connecting with one of the pipes
of the ordinary regulating cock 44. The other pipe of the cock 44 communicates
with the convergent conical nozzle 49 which traverses the centre of the perforated
disc 33 located above the pipe or socket 50 which forms one with the base plate 48
and serves to connect the combustion apparatus C with the pipe elll.
The combustion apparatus also communicates, by means of its upper opening 24,
with the inlet of the pump motor 12 through the pipe 24', and by the pipe 24 with
another motor. The discharge port of the motor 12 is connected by means of the
pipe 52 to one of the extremities of the coil 52 provided in the supply tank 1 the
other extremity 5211 of the coil being in communication with the open air.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:
The cocks 20 and 44 Figure 5 are closed and the cock 13 is opened. The coil 45
is then heated for the purpose of effecting a start by means of an auxiliary lamp,
or it may be placed in the flame of a combustible liquid. The lever 14 is then
actuated by hand. The pump 8 withdraws water from the tank 1 through the
pipe a and forces it through the pipe 6 into the water reservoir B. The pump 10
sucks up air (or inflammable gas), which is first filtered or strained through a
metal gauze or sieve, from the atmosphere (or from a special reservoir) and forces
it into the combustion apparatus C through the pipe e and its branches ell and ell
The forcing mechanism of this pump is in direct communication with the vessels B
and D so that the water (or volatile liquid), the liquid combustible and the air
(or inflammable gas) are at the same pressure.
The electric igniting device is caused to act, the cock 44 is opened, the com-

page_text: bustible gases and the air (or inflammable gas) ignite, and, when the apparatus
is sufficiently heated, the cock 20 is opened admitting the water to the pulverisers
by the pipe f. From this point the method of action is identical with that
previously described. Under ordinary conditions the blow-pipe combustion heats
the tube 51 in a continuous manner and as a consequence the coil 45 is constantly
hot. In the coil within the tank 1 circulates the heated gas coming from the dis-
charge of the cylinder of the motor 12; in this manner a portion of the waste heat
is recovered or conserved and hot water is introduced into the combustion
apparatus C, which is preferable to introducing cold water.
In order to vaporise or volatilise the liquid combustible, I may, instead of causing
it to pass through a coil, heat the pulveriser by means of one or more jets of air.
The lower portion of the combustion apparatus C is then constituted as shown in
Figure 7, by the chamber 17 provided with the flange 291 already described and
the conical convergent-divergent adjutage or nozzle 17. Upon this chamber is
screwed the base-plate 46 provided with the pipe or socket 50 for connecting with
the air supply pipe el; this base plate has a cock 44 for the admission of the liquid
combustible coming from the reservoir D) (Figure 5) through the pipe 45 to the
tube 42 (Figure 7) and the conical nozzle 391 formed upon the perforated disc 39
which is supported between the base plate 48 and the chamber 17.
This apparatus acts in the following manner; the air entering by the pipe el,
divides into two parts, one passing through the holes in the perforated disc 39,
the other passing into the nozzle 391 where it meets the current of combustible
liquid which it pulverises. The inflammable gas and the particles of combustible
liquid then ignite on contact with the electric spark; from this point the apparatus
acts in the manner already described.
When a solid combustible is employed the combustion apparatus C consists as
shown in (Fig. 8) of a cylindrical body 70 of strong sheet iron, closed at both ends.
The upper part 80 is provided with an opening for the passage of an elongated
cone 69 provided with a chamber 66 surmounted by a funnel 63. The chamber 66
may be isolated by two sliding doors 64 and 67 actuated by screws 65 and 68 each
provided with a hand wheel. Within the body 70 and fixed to it, is the sheet iron
part 71 forming a concentric space M open at its upper portion; this part 71
carries a number of bent down pipes 74 connecting with a corresponding
number of pulverisers 72 (similar to those indicated by the numeral 19 already
referred to) communicating with a pipe 79. A little above the line of junction
of the sheet metal parts 70 and 71, is placed a grating 73 below which is a circular
pipe 77 provided with a number of holes 76. Within this pipe 77 is a tube 78 of
less diameter connected by means of small pipes to the openings 76 which are pro-
vided with pulverisers 75 similar to the pulverisers marked 19 already described.
At the lowest portion of the bottom is placed a cock 82, and upon the lid 80 is
provided the pipe 88 furnished with a metal gauze or sieve 83 and the opening
having a door 87.
The method of action of this apparatus is as follows: the space M. (Fig. 8)
receives water under pressure from the water-pump already referred to with regard
to the foregoing arrangements through a pipe 81; the level of the water will be
kept constant by a device similar to that of the float placed in the water reservoir B
(Figs. 1, 3 and 5). The dampers 64 and 67 are opened and the solid combustible,
which may be previously ignited if desired, is introduced by way of the funnel or
hopper 63 into the cone 69, and distributed upon the grating 73. By opening
momentarily the cock 82 and the door 87 a circulation of air is produced which
assists the ignition of the combustible. When the apparatus has become well
heated, the doors 87 and the cock 82 are closed, and combustion is fed under
pressure by forcing the air (or inflammable gas) by the air pump which we have
previously mentioned, under the grating in the tube 77 whence it escapes through
the openings 76 and the pulverisers 75, and above the grating in the tube 79, whence
the air escapes through the pulverisers 72. The water contained in the space M
will thus be heated and will give off vapour at the combustion pressure. When the

page_text: apparatus has become well heated the pulverisers 12 are caused to act which are
supplied with water by means of the tubes 74 from the space M. The particles of
finely pulverised water vaporise and volatilise in contact with the flames coming
from the upper part of the grating. On the other hand the inner pipe 78 might
communicate with the said space M, in this manner it might serve to supply the
pulverisers 75 distributed upon the pipe 77, which produce beneath the grating
jets of air and pulverised water. Finally a fluid mass of expanded gas and vaporised
water is produced which is collected by a pipe 88 and utilised in the manner stated
above.
If it is desired to introduce fuel whilst the apparatus is working without causing
the pressure to fall, all that is necessary is to enclose it in a chamber 66 by suitable
manipulating the registers or dampers 64 and 67. The large cock 82 serves for
the discharge of the cinders.
In order to start the apparatus without employing previously ignited fuel,
petroleum or some other combustible liquid may be forced under pressure into the
inner tube 78, and ignited by means of an electric spark, on its leaving the
pulverisers 75, the ignited petroleum communicates the fire to the solid combustible.
Finally, by employing in this apparatus solid fuel upon the grating, and by
introducing through the inner tube 78 (that is to say through the openings 76) a
gaseous or liquid combustible, we have a unique apparatus permitting of the use
of gaseous, liquid or solid combustibles either separately or in combination.
So far I have referred to arrangements by which I am able to vaporise water
(or other volatile liquid) by means of pulverisation in the midst of the gases in
combustion in the combustion apparatus C.
It may, however, be also vaporised by means of internal circulation, by employ-
ing plates or conduits, as shewn in Figure 9.
In this case the whole of the assemblage placed above the plate 37 Figures 46
and 7 is constituted in the following manner; the said plate 37 is pierced with a
single opening 88.
The sleeve 31 Figure 4 is replaced by a sleeve 80 having internal projections or
wings 83 and an external channel 82 wound around it in spiral form. Between
the strong envelope 23 and the baffle 22 is placed a sleeve 85 provided with wings
or projections 86 and 87 and forming a space N with the envelope 23 which caries
the water admission pipe 30. The outer sleeve 85 carries the waste pipe 84, the
extremity of which opens into the external channel 82.
In order to cause this apparatus to act, the inlet 21 for air under pressure is
blocked Figure 1 and 5 and water is caused to enter by a pipe 20 Figure 9 filling
the space N and running off through the waste pipe 84 into the channel 82, com-
municating with the discharge 88. The blow pipe flame burning within the
sleeve 80 heats the water contained in the external channel 82 vaporises it, and
the fluid mass of expanded gas and of steam which are formed at this moment,
follows and passes right round the baffle 22, heats the wings 86 and the sleeve 83
and consequently the water in N which likewise produces vapour which joins the
fluid mass. By regulating the admission of water in such a manner that it circu-
lates in the channel 82 and does not leave by the waste pipe 88, a fluid mass is
obtained which is precisely similar to that which we have previously obtained.
By placing in the sleeve 80 of the apparatus represented in Figure 9, similar
pulverisers to those employed in the apparatus shewn in Figure 4 vapourization of
the water will be obtained both by pulverisation and circulation.
I have already stated that I cause ignition of the gaseous mixture by means of
an electric arc, but it will of course be understood that any other method of ignition
inay be employed. In the same way the blow pipe may be of any suitable
description.
The means of circulation. or of pulverisation which has been explained, might
advantageously be employed in the cylinders of gas motors in order to cool them and
increase their efficiency. Thus by pulverising water in the bottom of the cylinder
at each explosion, by means of one or more pulverisers giving an intermittent jet,

page_text: this water would increase by transforming itself into vapour, the expansive force
of the gases whilst at the same time preventing the cylinder from becoming heated,
keeping it at a suitable temperature. Water might also be placed in cups suitably
arranged in the explosion chamber which would be vaporised at the expense of the
heat due to the explosion. In short, I cool the cylinder by placing a volatile
liquid in direct contact with the explosion chamber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A generator of steam, mixed, in the midst of the furnace and immediately
upon its formation, with the combustion gases, in which the steam is produced by
the direct heating of the water in the midst of the flames of the furnace themselves,
characterised by an arrangement permitting the water to be conducted in a state
of sufficiently fine molecular division, by pulverising it by means of a jet of water
under pressure in projecting it upon a surface, or by pulverising it by means of
a jet of air under pressure, with the object of holding in suspense the water spray
thus obtained in the midst of the flames of the furnace in order to render possible
its transformation into steam, increase the surface for contact of the water and
transmission of the heat.
2. A constructional form of the generator described in Claim 1, and applied to
gaseous combustibles, constituted by a combustion chamber C conical internally
and provided with an electric igniter 18, in which the combustible gas drawn from
the reservoir 1) by means of a pump 9 or other suitable appliance, is pulverised by
its passage through the perforated disc 33 and mixed with the air forced under
pressure through the adjutage 35, whilst the water to be vaporised forced under
pressure by means of a pump 8 or other suitable appliance into the circular
groove 29 provided at the upper portion of the combustion apparatus C, is pulverised
by jets of air issuing from adiutages 19.
3. In the generator claimed in Claim 2-
(a) The arrangement of a water reservoir B the water level of which is
maintained constant by means of a float 4 connected with the valve rod 6.
(b) The arrangement of a carburetter D provided with a float 26 formed
beneath of a sheet of metal helicoidal in form and provided with an air
admission 25¹
(c) The arrangement of a motor 12 supplied by the gases produced by means
of the pipe 24, actuating the pumps A, the exhaust from which is utilised
in the reservoir 1 or in the carburetter D, by means of coils 52 and 27.
4. A constructional form of the generator described in Claim 1, for the employ-
ment of liquid combustibles and such that the liquid combustible is conducted
from a reservoir D under pressure into a coil 45, wound around the combustion
chamber 51 and from there, by means of the regulating cock 44, into the adjutage 49,
arranged in the combustion chamber 51, whilst the air under pressure is distributed
by the perforated disc 33.
5. A constructional form of the generator described in Claim 4, in which the
liquid combustible is conducted into and pulverised in the conical adjutage 39,
in communication with the pipe under pressure el
6. A constructional form of the generator described in Claim 1, for solid com-
bustibles, consisting of a vessel, surrounded by a water jacket M and provided with
a hopper 69 and a grating 73, in which are arranged, above the grating, adjutages 72
in communication with the air pressure and supplied with water from the water
jacket M, whilst beneath the grating extends a pipe 77 provided with adjutages 75
in communication with the air pump and in which is placed a tube 78, in com-
munication with the water-jacket M or with a gas pump.
7. A constructional form of the generator described in Claim 1, in which the
vaporisation of the water is effected by circulation, consisting of a cylinder 80
surmounting the combustion chamber and provided with internal wings or ribs 83

page_text: and with an external helicoidal groove 82 filled with water, this cylinder being
covered with a baffle 22 and heated by the combustion gas, and being such that the
current of water passes through the waste pipe 84 opening into the groove 82, this
waste pipe communicating with the water reservoir N closed by the envelope 23
and the winged or ribbed metal sheet 85.
Toted thin 12th day of January 100Q
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.