IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR BORING, DRILLING, AND TURNING METALS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Barrow, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR BORING, DRILLING, AND
TURNING METALS."
Scaled the 7th November 1879, and dated the 23rd May 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Barrow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1879.
JOSEPH. BARROW, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer.
IN MACHINES FOR BORING, DRILLING, AND TURNING METALS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
A part of my Invention has reference to machines of the class called drilling and
boring machines, including radial drilling machines, and others having vertical
drill spindles with additional gear for slow motion which is transmitted through
the saine pair of bevil wheels as is used without the additional gear for driving the
spindle at a quick speed, so that these wheels must be either too coarse in pitch
for quick speeds, or not coarse enough for the slow speeds. Now my Invention is
designed to remedy this disadvantage, for which purpose I use in combination with
the drill spindle two pairs of bevil wheels suitably arranged to drive the said
spindle, the one pair being of appropriate size and pitch for quick speeds, and the
other pair of suitable size and pitch for slow speeds. The wheels for quick speeds
are arranged to be driven direct by the pulleys of the machine, and the wheels for
slow speeds through a parallel shaft, a spur wheel, and a pinion. The bevil wheels
are arranged so that either pair may be thrown out of gear; thus for ordinary
drilling machines, according to my Invention, only four geared wheels are needed
for the slow speeds and two for the quick speeds, save that in machines wherein
the spindle is adjustable along a slide one or two additional pinions must be pro-
vided to connect them. By my Invention as above described, machines of the
class referred to will be rendered much more suitable and convenient than machines
of ordinary constructions for dealing with work varying considerably in diameter,
whilst in radial drills and machines with sliding pinions it will be rendered
unnecessary to transmit slow motions through the torsion of long driving shafts
as is at present usual in machines having their additional gear arranged in immediate
connection with the driving pulleys.

page_text: Another part of my Invention has reference to such machines of the class called
horizontal boring machines as have a self-acting traversing boring spindle and a
table for fixing the work, which table is made to move up and down and also
sideways. Such tables are usually either attached to the framing which carries the
boring headstock, or a separate framing which stretches across and slides upon a
bed. My Invention consists in placing the table upon a column which can be
lowered into and between the sides of an opening cast in the foundation plate
which supports the boring headstock, or is cast in one with it, and fastening this
column at any part of its vertical movement to a bed which can be, moved along
the foundation plate and fastened to it. This bed carries the boring stay or other
support which is thus concentric at any part with the boring spindle. Machines
according to this part of my Invention admit of great range and variety in the
work to be operated upon, and enable the work to be fixed rigidly in relation to
the strains which come upon it. Furthermore in such machines work of large
diameter can be chucked to the boring headstock, and as the table is free to be
elevated outside this work, it can be operated upon with great advantage.
Another part of my Invention has reference to lathe headstocks which are treble
geared, and consists in using an internal wheel at one end of the third shaft, and at
the other end a pinion gearing into an external spur wheel, cast or bolted to the
faceplate. To allow this third shaft to clear the double gear, the wheels of the first
pair are made equal or nearly so. The object of this part of my Invention is to
enable treble gear to be used in a headstock without increasing its height or
making the faceplate larger in diameter than double the height of centres, at the
same time a regular graduation of speeds is obtained without having to use cross
and open belts in combination.`
Another part of my Invention has reference to slide and screw cutting lathes of
the class having a self-acting rack traverse as well as a guide screw, and consists in
connecting the guide screw and the grooved shaft for the rack traverse by gearing
in such proportion that the workman can at will use the rack traverse for a fine
feed, or the guide screw for a coarse feed without having to stop the lathe.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Barrow in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th November
1879.
"
JOSEPH BARROW, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINES FOR BORING, DRILLING, AND TURNING METALS."
A part of my Invention has reference to machines of the class called drilling and
boring machines, including radial drilling machines and others having vertical drill
spindles, with additional gear for slow motion, which is transmitted through the
same pair of bevil wheels as is used, without the additional gear for driving the
spindle at a quick speed, so that these wheels must be either too coarse in pitch
for quick speeds, or not coarse enough for the slow speeds.
Now my Invention is designed to remedy this disadvantage, for which purpose
I use in combination with the drill spindle two pairs of bevil wheels suitably
arranged to drive the said spindle, the one pair being of appropriate size and pitch
for quick speeds, and the other pair of suitable size and pitch for slow speeds.
The wheels for quick speeds are arranged to-be driven direct by the pulleys of
the machine, and the wheels for slow speeds through a parallel shaft, a spur wheel,
and a pinion.
The bevil wheels are arranged so that either pair may be thrown
out of gear. Thus for ordinary drilling machines, according to my Invention, only
four geared wheels are needed for the slow speeds, and two for the quick speeds,
save that in machines wherein the spindle is adjustable along a slide one or two
additional pinions must be provided to connect them.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, shews an outline of an ordinary vertical drilling and boring
machine, to which the above described part of my Invention is applied. d is the
spindle, and e the sleeve, through which it feeds; g is the cone pulley keyed on
shaft f, to which is keyed the small bevil wheel b₁ gearing into bevil wheel b used
for quick speeds, the other and larger pair of bevil wheels a and a¹ being dis-
engaged by the eccentric bush f³. When these bevil wheels are thrown into gear
for the slow motion and the bevil wheels b and 6' disengaged the cone pulley drives
them through the agency of the spur wheel and pinion c and c. I do not confine
myself to this precise mode of carrying out my Invention. I can place the larger
pair of bevil wheels below and the sinall pair above, as is shewn in Figs. 2 and 3,
Sheet 1, and I can disengage them by drawing out the respective shafts endways
or otherwise, so long as one pair of bevil wheels be driven direct by the cone
pulley, or as shewn in Figs. 2 and 3, Sheet 1, where a connecting pinion is used,
and the other pair of larger bevil wheels is connected with the cone pulley by a
spur wheel and pinion, the respective shafts of which run in opposite directions.
Figs. 2 and 3, Sheet 1, shew a section and elevation of a drill spindle headstock,
which is made to move along a slide, whether that of the arm of a radial drill or a
fixed cross slide. In this case the grooved shaft f2 driven by the cone pulley of
the machine is fitted with a sliding pinion e² which gears into the spur pinion c
which drives the small pair of bevil wheels b and 6' directly or through the spur
wheel c, drives the larger pair of bevil wheels a and a¹, thus attaining the objects
stated above in relation to this part of my Invention.
By my Invention as above described machines of the class referred to will
be rendered much more suitable and convenient than machines of ordinary con-
structions for dealing with work varying considerably in diameter, whilst in radial
drills and machines with sliding pinions it will be rendered unnecessary to transmit
slow motions through the torsion of long driving shafts 'as is at present usual in
machines having their additional gear arranged in immediate connection with the
driving pulleys. Another part of my Invention has reference to such machines of
the class called horizontal boring machines as have a self-acting traversing boring

page_text: spindle, and a table for fixing the work, which table is made to move up and down,
and also sideways. Such tables are usually either attached to the framing which
carries the boring headstock, or a separate framing which stretches across and slides
upon a bed. My Invention consists in placing the table upon a column, which can
be lowered into and between the sides of an opening cast in the foundation plate,
which supports the boring headstock, or is cast in one with it, and fastening this
column at any part of its vertical movement to a bed, which can be moved along
the foundation plate and fastened to it. This bed carries the boring stay or other
support, which is thus concentric at any part with the boring spindle.
Figs. 6 and 7, Sheet 2, illustrate this part of my Invention, Fig. 6 being an
elevation and Fig. 7 an end view. n is the head stock having the usual hollow
mandrilk and feeding spindle ; n³ is the foundation plate either cast or bolted
to the headstock and is arranged with an opening no cast in it of suitable dimensions.
Into this opening is placed a column n fitted with a transverse slide and the table m
for holding the work, the column is made to move vertically by any suitable means,
such as a pair of screws o placed on each side of the column and connected by worm
and worm wheels p or by bevil wheels, the nuts into which the screws work forming
plates o¹ bolted to the foundation plate and to the column to secure stiffness. The
column at any part of its vertical movement is fastened to a short bed n², which
together with the column is made to move along the foundation plate by the
pinions o² and screw, or by any other suitable means, and which is bolted to the
foundation plate at any desired position. The short bed n² carries a boring stay n'
which is concentric with the spindle at any position and is independent of the
vertical movement of the column and the table carrying the work. The table m is
moved along the slide by a screw, and can have placed on it an ordinary tool rest m¹,
when the machine is used for boring and surfacing work, chucked on to the mandril
or spindle of the head stock.
Machines according to this part of my Invention admit of great range and variety
in the work to be operated upon and enable the work to be fixed rigidly in relation
to the strains which come upon it. Furthermore in such machines work of large
diameter can be chucked to the boring head stock, and as the table is free to be
elevated outside this work it can be operated upon with great advantage.
Another part of my Invention has reference to lathe headstocks which are treble
geared, and consists in using an internal wheel at one end of the third shaft and at
the other end a pinion, gearing into an external spur wheel cast or bolted to the
face plate. To allow this third shaft to clear the double gear the wheels of the first
pair are made equal, or nearly so. The object of this part of my Invention is to
enable treble gear to be used in a headstock without increasing its height or
making the face plate larger in diameter than double the height of centres, at the
same time a regular gradation of speeds is obtained without having to use cross and
open belts in combination.
This part of my Invention is shewn by Figs. 4 and 5, Sheet 1 of the Drawings,
Fig. 4 being an outline of a headstock with the pitch circles of the gearing shewn,
and Fig. 5 a plan of the head stock which is made about 10 inches centres so as to
show its application to a size which is seldom treble geared; j2 is the spindle upon 4
which is fitted the geared face plate which is shewn a diameter of double the
height of centres. The ordinary double gear of a latbe headstock is shewn by
the wheel keyed to the spindle h² keyed to the cone pulley, and the spur wheel h³
and pinion ho keyed to the back shaft j'. The treble gear arranged according to
my Invention is shewn by the pinion h¹ keyed on the back shaft and driven by 5
the spur wheels h² and h³. The pinion ¹ gears into and drives the internal spur
wheel keyed on to the third shaft ; with the spur pinion h keyed to the other
end and gearing into the face plate wheel h. In order to get a fair gradation of
speeds between the double and treble purchase the spur wheels h² and h³ are equal
or nearly so, and will thus allow the third shaft j to pass under the spur wheel h³. 5
It is evident that by this arrangement of treble gearing, the different purchase of

page_text: cone pulley, double gear, and treble gear will drive the spindle in the same direction
in combination with an externally geared face plate not larger in diameter than
double the height of centres, and strap power can be obtained to admit of heavy
cuts being taken from the work under operation when of large diameter.
Another part of any Invention has reference to slide and screw cutting lathes of
the class having a self-acting rack traverse as well as a guide screw, and consists in
connecting the guide screw and the grooved shaft for the rack traverse by gearing
in such proportion that the workman can at will use the rack traverse for a fine feed
or the guide screw for a coarse feed without having to stop the lathe.
This part of my Invention is shewn in Figs. 8, 9, and 10, Sheet 2, Fig. 8 being
an elevation of the headstock of a lathe about 10 inches centre, and Figs. 9 and 10
sections taken at different positions of the saddle q and bed p'. is the headstock
of a slide and screw cutting lathe with change wheels gearing on to the guide
screw 8 in the ordinary manner, and which is fitted with a disengaging nut thrown
in and out by the lever w working an eccentric shaft, or by any other suitable
means. The screw has keyed on it the pinion s, driving the pinion s¹, keyed on to
a grooved shaft running along the side of the bed, with a sliding worm s moving a
worm wheels and small pinion 80, which gears into a spur wheel 88 fitted with a
friction cone and hand wheel nut u for engaging or disengaging the rack pinion
shaft and pinion y¹ at pleasure, which pinion gears into a fixed rack attached to the
slide bed in an ordinary manner.
It is evident that any difference can be obtained between the rack traverse and
the screw traverse by altering the pinions and s', but I prefer to make this dif-
ference about 2 to 1, using the screw traverse to give double the feed for finishing
work to that obtained by the rack traverse for roughing the work, so long as the
object is attained of enabling the workman to use either feed without stopping the
lathe.
I do not confine myself to the precise mode of carrying out this part of my Inven-
tion, shewn in the Drawings, where the guide screw and the worm shaft are placed
at the front of the lathe, for the guide screw can be placed inside the bed, and the
grooved shaft either at the front or back of the lathe, and connected by gear at the
end of the bed; or the grooved shaft can be driven directly by the change wheels,
and the guide screw geared from it, as may be advantageously done where the lathe
has a gap in it greater than that which would be allowed by the screw. In this case
the screw will terminate at the gap.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and explained in what
manner the same is to be or may be perforined or carried into practical effect, I
hereby declare that what I consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as
the Invention secured to me under the Letters Patent herein before in part recited
is,—
1. Driving the drill spindle in a drilling or boring machine by apparatus in which
the wheels for quick speeds and the wheels for slow speeds are respectively driven
by two separate shafts running in opposite directions, and one of which is driven
directly from the pulleys of the machine, the other being actuated from such
directly driven shaft through a spur wheel and pinion arranged and operating sub-
stantially as herein before described with reference to Fig. 1 of the accompanying
Drawings.
2. Driving the drill spindle in a drilling or boring machine by apparatus arranged
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 2 and 3 of the accom-
panying Drawings.
3. In a horizontal boring machine arranging the table for work on a column
adjustable vertically within an opening in the foundation plate, substantially as
herein before described with reference to Figs. 6 and 7 of the accompanying
Drawings.
4. In the treble geared headstock of a lathe providing the third shaft with, at one
end, an internal wheel, and at the other end a pinion in gear with an external spur

page_text: wheel on the face plate, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described
with reference to Figs. 4 and 5 of the accompanying Drawings.
5. In a lathe having both a rack traverse and a screw traverse connecting them,
so that either traverse can be put into operation without stopping the lathe, sub-
stantially as herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Barrow, have hereunto set my hand
. and seal, this Thirteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
JOSEPH BARROW. (L.S.)