IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF RUNNERS FOR. UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND OF FERRULES FOR UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND WALKING STICKS."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Cecil Wright, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, and Richard Reeves Newton, of Birmingham
aforesaid, Machinist, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF RUNNERS FOR. UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND OF FERRULES
FOR UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND WALKING STICKS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Cecil Wright and
Richard Reeves Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
16th October 1880.
ALFRED CECIL WRIGHT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
and RICHARD REEVES NEWTON, of Birmingham aforesaid, Machinist. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND
OF FERRULES FOR UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND WALKING STICKS."
In manufacturing runners for umbrellas and parasols according to our Invention
we construct and connect the tubular part and the notch of the runner in the
manner herein after described.
We make the tubular part of the runner of a piece of metallic tubing, one end of
which is turned inwards or outwards in the ordinary way to strengthen and round
the edge, and the end which is to be connected with the notch is expanded or turned
outwards so as to form a narrow flange at that end.
The edge of the said flange is toothed or serrated.
We make the notch preferably of one piece of metal by casting and turning, the
said notch having at its base a short tubular socket of an internal diameter suitable
for the reception of the flanged end of the tubular part of the runner. The said
socket is of greater diameter internally than the other part of the notch, a shoulder
being formed at the junction of the socket with the other part. In putting the
two parts of the runner together the flanged and serrated end of the tubular part
is introduced into the socket of the notch, the flange abutting against the shoulder

page_text: described. By means of a pressing tool applied to the socket of the notch the said
socket is turned inwards and made firmly to grip the flange on the end of the
tubular part. The two parts are thus secured together, the rotation of the notch
upon the end of the tubular part being prevented by the serrated edge of the
flange.
In making ferrules for umbrellas, parasols, and walking sticks, according to our
Invention we take a short taper tube of somewhat greater length than it is
intended the finished ferrule shall have. In the small end of the taper tube we
insert a tip of iron or other hard material, the said tip being secured from passing
out of the small end of the tube by the extreme end of the said tube being turned
or burnished over the edge of the tip, or into a groove near the end of the tip.
The tip is prevented from rising or moving towards the larger end of the tube by
a groove or depression formed in the tube behind the tip. The tube is then com-
pressed longitudinally so as to bring the sides of the groove together and thus form
an internal rim which fixes the tip. The exterior of the ferrule thus made a
slight tapering figure, the groove described having been closed, and leaving on the
ferrule only a fine line at the plane in which its two sides are in contact.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Alfred Cecil Wright and Richard Reeves Wright in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 12th April 1881.
ALFRED CECIL WRIGHT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
and RICHARD REEVES NEWTON, of Birmingham aforesaid, Machinist. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND
OF FERRULES FOR UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND WALKING STICKS."
In manufacturing runners for umbrellas and parasols according to our Invention
we construct and connect the tubular part and the notch of the runner in the
manner herein after described.
We make the tubular part of the runner of a piece of metallic tubing, one end of
which is turned inwards or outwards in the ordinary way to strengthen and round
the edge, and the end which is to be connected with the notch is expanded or
turned outwards so as to form a narrow flange at that end.
The edge of the said flange may be toothed or serrated.
We make the notch preferably of one piece of metal by casting and turning, the
said notch having at its base a short tubular socket of an internal diameter suitable
for the reception of the flanged end of the tubular part of the runner.
The said socket is of greater diameter internally than the other part of the
notch, a shoulder being formed at the junction of the socket with the other part.
In putting the two parts of the runner together the flanged and serrated end of
the tubular part is introduced into the socket of the notch, the flange abutting
against the shoulder described. By means of a pressing tool applied to the socket
of the notch the said socket is turned inwards and made firmly to grip the flange
on the end of the tubular part. The two parts are thus secured together, the
rotation of the notch upon the end of the tubular part being prevented by the
serrated edge of the flange.
In making ferrules for umbrellas, parasols, and walking sticks according to our
Invention we take a short taper tube of somewhat greater length than it is intended
the finished ferrule shall have.
In the small end of the taper tube we insert a tip of iron or other hard material,
the said tip being secured from passing out of the small end of the tube by the
extreme end of the said tube being turned or burnished over the edge of the tip or
into a groove near the end of the tip. The tip is prevented from rising or moving
towards the larger end of the tube by a groove or depression formed in the tube
behind the tip. The tube is then compressed longitudinally so as to bring the
sides of the groove together, and thus form an internal rim which fixes the tip.
The exterior of the ferrule thus made has a slight tapering figure, the groove
described having been closed and leaving on the ferrule only a fine line at the
plane in which its two sides are in contact.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing
the manner in which our Invention is to be performed.
Figure represents in elevation, and Figure 2 in section the tubular part of a
runner made according to our Invention, and Figure 3 represents in elevation,
section, and plan the notch part of a runner made according to our Invention;
Figure 4 represents in section the notch part and tubular part put together prior
to the closing operation, and Figure 5 represents in section and Figure 6 in elevation
the notch part and tubular part connected together by the closing of the socket of
the notch part upon the flange of the tubular part.
a is the tubular part of the runner having at its base or lower end the usual
rounded and strengthening edge b. The other end of the tubular part a which is
to be connected to the notch d is expanded outwards and folded or doubled at c

page_text: so as to form a conical flange at that end. The notch d is made preferably by
casting, and has at its base a short tubular socket e of an internal diameter suitable
for the reception of the flanged end c of the tubular part of the runner.
The
socket e is of greater diameter internally than the other internal part of the notch,
a shoulder f being formed at the junction of the socket e with the other part of the
notch, as represented in the section of Figure 3.
In order to secure the notch part d to the tubular part a the flanged end c of the
said tubular part is introduced into the socket e of the notch in the manner repre-
sented in Figure 4, the conical flange c abutting against the shoulder f
By means of a pressing tool applied to the socket e the said socket is turned or
closed inwards upon the flange c of the tubular part, the said closed socket being
made to grip the flange with great firmness. The notch part d and tubular part a
are thereby connected together, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.
The inside of the socket e may be notched or serrated to prevent any tendency
in the flange to turn in the socket, but we find in practice that the grip of the
socket upon the flange is sufficiently tight to render the notching or serrating of
the socket unnecessary.
Although the closing of the socket of the notch part upon the flange of the tubular
part is conveniently effected by a pressing tool, while the two parts of the runner
are rotating in a lathe, yet we do not limit ourselves to any particular method of
closing the socket upon the flange, as the closing operation may be effected by a
pair of dies.
We will now describe our improvements in manufacturing ferrules. We take
the taper tube represented in elevation and section in Figures 7 and 8, and marked g,
and we also take a tip of iron or other hard material represented in plan and
clevation in Figure 9, and marked h.
This tip is slightly conical. The taper tube g is somewhat longer than it is
intended the finished ferrule shall be. We place the iron tip h in the small end of
the taper tube g, as illustrated in Figure 10, the said tip being introduced at the
wide end of the tube and forced into its place at the said small end, the taper
figure of the tube and tip preventing the tip passing out at the said small end of
the tube. Or the same object may be effected by turning or burnishing the extreme
end of the tube over the edge of the tip or into a groove near the end of the tip,
but we prefer the arrangement shown in the Drawing. The tip is prevented
from rising or moving towards the larger end of the tube by forming a groove,
depression, or contraction, by a spinning or pressing operation, behind the tip, as
illustrated in elevation in Figure 11, and section in Figure 12, where the said
groove, depression, or contraction is marked i. The tube is next compressed
longitudinally so as to bring the sides of the groove, depression, or contraction i
together, and thereby form an internal rim or flange for fixing the tip, as illustrated
in section in Figure 13, where the internal rim or flange is marked . The tip /
is thus prevented from rising in the tube g by the rim or flange k behind it, and
from passing out at the small end of the tube by the conical figures of the said
tube and tip. The exterior of the ferrule thus made has a slight tapering figure,
as represented in Figure 14, a fine line being left on the exterior of the tube at the
plane in which the two sides of the closed groove or contraction from which the
rim or flange k is made are in contact.
The parts for fixing the tip in the small end of the taper tube may be modified
in the following way :-
We cup the small end of the taper tube in the manner illustrated in Figure 15,
where the cupped end is marked l. In the cup we place the conical iron tip m,
the larger end of the said tip bearing against the bottom of the cup 1, as illustrated
in Figure 10. By means of a closing process the small end of the tube and the
sides of the cup are closed upon the sides of the tip m, as represented in section
in Figure 17, and elevation in Figure 18. The tip is thus retained securely in its
place in the small end of the taper tube, the rising of the tip being prevented by
the bottom of the cup 1, and the passing of the tip out of the small end of the taper

page_text: tube being prevented by the closing of the said small end of the tube and the cup
upon the small end of the tip, as will be understood by an examination of
Figure 17.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we claim as our
Invention,-
.
First. The improvements in the manufacture of runners for umbrellas and
parasols herein before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the
accompanying Drawing, that is to say, making on the end of the tubular part of
the runner a conical flange, and forming in the base of the notch part of the runner
a short tubular socket and shoulder, and connecting the two parts together by
closing the socket of the notch part upon the flange of the tubular part, substantially
as described and illustrated.
Secondly. The improvements in the manufacture of ferrules for umbrellas,
parasols, and walking sticks herein before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawing, that is to say, the method described and illustrated in Figures 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 for retaining the iron or other hard metal tip of the
ferrule in the end of the ferrule tube; also the modification described and illustrated
in Figures 15, 16, 17, and 18 for the same purpose.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Cecil Wright, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
37, Temple Street,
Birmingham.
ALFRED CECIL WRIGHT. (L.S.)