A NEW METHOD OF ECONOMISING FUEL, AND CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RETAINING AND APPLYING HEAT FOR GENERATING STEAM AND HEATING WATER
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
GREEN, of Wakefield, in the County of York, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster. the Tenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-five, in the ninth year of Her reign. did give and grant
unto me, the said Edward Green, my exors, admors, and assigns. Her special
license, full power. sole privilege and authority. that T. the said Edward
Green, my exors, admors, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and them-
selves, or by my or their deputy or deputies. servants or agents, or such others
as 1, the said Edward Green, my exors, admors, or assigns. should at any time
agree with, and no others. from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend my Invention, being "A NEW METHOD OF ECONOMISING FUEL,
AND CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RETAINING AND APPLYING HEAT FOR GENERATING
STEAM AND HEATING WATER," within that part of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion of Wales. and Town
of Berwick upon Tweed. and in the Islands of Jersey. Guernsey. Alderney..
Sark, and Man, and also in all the Colonies and Plantations abroad. in such
manner as to me, the said Edward Green, my exors, admors, and assigns, or
any of them, should in my or their discretions seem meet; and that I. the said
Edward. Green, my exors, admors, and assigns. should and lawfully might have
and enjoy the whole profit. benefit, commodity, and advantage from time to time
coming, growing, accruing, and arising by reason of the said Invention, for and

page_text: during the term of years therein mentioned; in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso that I, the said Edward Green, shall particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent as. reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I. the said
Edward Green, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention and im-
provements, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by this instrument in writing. reference
being had to the letters and figures therein contained, and to the Drawings
thereunto annexed, in manner following, that is to say-
My Invention, consists of a new combination or arrangement for the purpose
of collecting and applying to useful purposes the residual heat of the air or
gases passing from the flues of steam boilers or other boilers and furnaces, or
of either, after such heated air or gases have in ordinary cases ceased to act
with useful effect, and are permitted to make their escape and be wasted. This
combination or arrangement consists, first, of an apparatus, being a series of
separate pipes, tubes, or chambers, herein-after called pipes, placed vertically,
connected at the ends by pipes or by the cisterns herein-after described, through
which vertical pipes water or other liquids are caused to rise slowly and
gradually upward, while at the same time the heated air and gases passing or
having passed from the flue or flues of boilers or furnaces are made to circu-
late transversely through the spaces or compartments between and around the
pipes, and to remain sufficiently long in contact with them to impart to the
water or other bequest contained in and passing through the pipes so much of
the surplus or ordinarily wasted heat as may be required for the occasion. By
this arrangement of the. pipes the gravitation of the water and liquid contained
therein is made to aid the conduction of the heat from the heated air and
gases in contact with them. the portions of the water or liquid in contact with
the pipes continually ascending as they become heated, and other and colder
portions succeeding, whilst at the same time any particles of steam that may
be generated during the ascent escape upward, not only without impeding the
general flow of the water or liquids, but even assisting the action of the upward
current. Secondly, of an apparatus of cisterns placed at the hottom of the
vertical pipes, into which the water or liquid to be heated flows, and with which
the whole of the pipes communicate, and of a corresponding number of cisterns

page_text: at the top of the pipes, with which also they communicate, and which upper
cisterns form a reservoir of the heated water or liquid, from whence it may be
conveyed to feed the boiler of sieam engines or for application to any other
useful purpose or manufacture. The bottom cisterns are so constructed as to
collect any impurities or ingredients that may be mechanically suspended in
the water or liquids, and to admit of their being discharged at pleasure by a
cock or plug at the bottom, and the upper cisterns are furnished with moveable
lids for ready access to the pipes, thereby enabling the crust or deposit which
necessarily forms in the inner surfaces to be cleaned off or removed when
required, which crust or deposit, if suffered to accumulate, would considerably
impare the absorbing and conducting power of the pipes. and thus occasion
the loss of much heat and corresponding waste of fuel. By these several
arrangements of the pipes and of the cisterns, and the manner of passing the
heated air or gases through the spaces and compartments between and around
them, the hottest portion of the gases impinging on the pipes nearest the fire.
and the colder on those more remote. a flow of water through the pipes is
cansed proportionate to the heat applied, being quickest at the hottest part and
slower at the colder part of the apparatus, this permitting the flow of water
from the lower to the upper cisterns through each pipe to adjust itself to the
quantity of heat received by that particular pipe, and thereby equably to
abstract the surplus heat from the heated air or gases. The arrangement has
also the further advantage that the upper and hotter portions of the air or gases
flowing through the spaces between and around the pipes are brought into
contact with the upper and hotter portion of the water or liquid flowing
through the pipes. and the colder with the colder portion in the lower parts.
thus abstracting the heat in the most effective manner. Thirdly, of an
apparatus of scrapers attached to a frame and made to encircle the pipes, which
are moved upwards and downwards with a continuous and alternating motion
so as to keep the pipes continually free from any deposit of soot, thus per-
mitting always the full action of the heated air and gases, which otherwise
would be soon impaired or destroyed; these scrapers are balanced by chains
connecting them and passing over pullies, and they may be worked either in
connection with the engine if there be one, and by a self-acting arrangement
of suitable pullies and gear be made to alternate three or four times an hour, or
where no engine is attached they may be moved by hand as occasion may require.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.

page_text: and represented as applied to the purpose of raising the temperature of water
supplied to steam boilers. In these Drawings corresponding letters denote
corresponding parts of the apparatus. Drawing N° 1 represents the apparatus
of vertical pipes, with a combination of cisterns at the bottom of them and
connecting pipes at the top, as applied to three boilers. Figure N° 1 represents
the sectional elevation, and Figure N° 2. the sectional plan. In this Drawing
the feed water is represented as passing into the bottom cisterns and upward
through the vertical pipes, the spaces or compartments between being the
receptacles of the heated air or gases coming from the boiler flues, and circu-
lating through these spaces or compartments between and around the pipes.
These pipes I call the heating pipes. (a) represents the boilers or steam
generators: B, the feed pipes for conveying the feed water before it is heated
to the lower cisterns. (b) is the feed pipe for carrying the water after it has
heen partially heated in the heating pipes to the boilers from the upper
cisterns or connecting pipes. C. in the sectional plan, and c and d in the
sectional elevation, denote connecting pipes for conducting the water from the
heating pipes. and a similar arrangement of pipes may be made to convey the
feed water to the bottom of the heating pipes when the cisterns are not used
in the combination. (e, e,) denote the heating pipes. The Drawing represents
to each boiler two sets, each of thirty separate pipes, inserted into a cistern so
As to cause the water to rise slowly up the whole sixty pipes at one time.
denotes the spaces or compartments between the heating pipes, through
which the heated air and gases from the boiler flues circulate between and
around the pipes, giving off their heat to the feed water in their passage to the
chimney, by which they finally escape. represents the cisterns or reservoirs
at the bottom of the heating pipes containing the feed water before it is heated,
and into which the heating pipes are inserted. These cisterns are also useful
for the deposit of impurities contained in the water, the sediment so obtained
being removed as may be required by means of the plug pipe (i). () is a
division to a certain height between the pipes to cause the heated air or gases
to circulate more effectively between and around them. (, ) are the walls
enclosing the space in which are contained the heating pipes and the spaces
or compartments between them. (1) denotes the opening or entrance through
which the heated air or gases are admitted from the boiler flues into the spaces
or compartments between and around the heating pipes. (m) is the opening
by which the air or gases escape into the chimney. (n) is a damper for regu-
lating the draft; (o, o), the scrapers, which are made to encircle and fit the
exterior of each of the pipes for the purpose of clearing away the soot
deposited thereon, which scrapers may be connected with and moved up and

page_text: down by bars of iron and chains supported by pulleys, as more particularly
shewn in Drawing N° 2. or by any other mechanical contrivance suitable for
the purpose. (p) denotes the boiler flues. Drawing N° 2 represents a modifi-
cation and different combination of the apparatus, in which the connecting
pipes c and d in the Drawing N° 1 are superseded by cisterns at the top of the
heating pipes, from which cisterns the heated water is conveyed to the boiler
or generator, as before described, by the pipe (b). These cisterns have covers
removeable at pleasure for access to the pipes. This Drawing also represents
more in detail the scrapers and the apparatus connected with them for
removing any deposit of soot on the heating pipes. These scrapers, where a
steam engine is connected with the boiler or generator, may have a slow con-
tinuous alternating motion communicated to them from the engine. Figure
N° 3 represents a sectional elevation of a single boiler with the apparatus
attached. Figure N° 4 represents a sectional plan of the same.
Figure N° 5
represents a plan with the covers of the top cisterns over the heating pipes
removed. Figures N° 6 and N° 7 represent the scrapers and apparatus in
part to a larger scale. The parts similarly lettered in this Drawing to
Drawing N° 1 are already described. (q) is the cistern above the heating pipe,
into which they deliver the heated water or other liquid, to be from thence
conveyed to the boiler, &c. (r), Figure N° 6 and N° 7, are frames connecting
the scrapers (o), which hang loosely on the frames. (s. s,) are rods attached to
the frames and passing by means of short pipes through the cistern. (f. 1,) are
cross bars connecting the rods s. and are attached to each other by chains
passing over pullies, by which means the scrapers are balanced and receive an
alternating motion by hand or machinery. But though have given the
annexed Drawings, plans, elevations, and sections, as representing what I
consider to be a convenient form or forms of apparatus for the purposes
intended. I do not confine myself to the precise forms. configurations, or
adjustments of apparatus thereby described. nor to any specific number of
pipes, tubes, or chambers. And I declare that I do not claim as any part of
my Invention the heating of water in pipes. inbes, or chambers, or in the
spaces or compartments between or around them, nor the usual and ordinary
apparatus of steam or other boilers, flues, and furnaces. though depicted and
described in this Specification and the accompanying Drawings. What I do
claim is, first, the new and improved method of making the waste or residual
heat of the heated air or gases passing from the flues of a boiler, fire, or other
furnace the more available in their passage for heating the feed water intended
to supply the boiler, or for raising the temperature of water or any other liquid,
where such increased temperature is required or may be rendered useful by

page_text: means of an apparatus of vertical pipes. tubes, or chambers. with spaces and
compartments between and around them, through which the said air or gases
are made to pass iransversely and horizontally, and similar in kind, structure,
and arrangement to that which I have above described.
And, secondly, the application of cisterns at the bottom of the pipes with
which they are connected for the reception of the water or other liquid before
it is passed through the pipes. Thirdly, conjoined or otherwise with these bottom
cisterns. cisterns with moyeable lids at the top of the pipe for the reception of
the heated water or other liquid after passing through the pipes, affording at the
same time access to the pipes for the purpose of cleaning. And, fourthly, the
method of preventing or removing an accumulation of soot on the part of the
apparatus exposed to the action of the heated gases from the flues of boilers or
furnaces by means of an arrangement of scrapers similar in kind and structure
to those herein-before described. by these methods, as well severally as
collectively, economizing the consumption of fuel in the raising of the tempera-
ture of water or any other liquid.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Tenth day of June. in the year
of our Lord 1846, the aforesaid Edward Green came before our said Lady
the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid.
and all and everything therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute made for that purpose.