IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OF A SIMILAR CHARACTER
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thomas Loy, of Rood Lane, in the City of
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
CARDING COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OF A SIMILAR CHARACTER."
-A communication from abroad by Alphonse Ryex, of Rue de la Porte
le Bruges, Ghent, Belgium.
Scaled the 24th October 1862, and dated the 30th April 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thomas Loy
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th April 1862.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS LOY, of Rood Lane, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OF A SIMILAR
CHARACTER," (a communication to me from abroad by Alphonse Rycx, the
younger, of Rue de la Porte de Bruges, Ghent, Belgium,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, of a novel and improved mode of arranging
and combining the principal parts of machines employed more particularly for
carding cotton; and, secondly, in adapting to such said machines certain parts
not heretofore employed for the purpose of cleaning and purifying the cotton
during the operation of carding.
I would here observe that in the ordinary mode of carding cotton the
cotton passes from the cylinder to the licker-in roller or crusher, and thence

page_text: 66
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to a large drum, where it is constantly lifted by a series of rollers called
workers; then smaller rollers called "strippers", raise the cotton, which
was placed upon the "workers," and deliver it to the large drum, whence it is
detached by the little drum or "doffer" to form a nap, which is rolled into a
ribbon or sliver in "coiling pans." During this transit of the cotton through
the machine, it is divided, combed, and the fibres straightened; but, although
the impurities with which the cotton was charged are detached therefrom,
nevertheless, the greatest part follows the cotton in its various changes. This
is obviated by stripping the mechanism several times during the day, but this
troublesome operation is but partly effective. By this Invention 1 purify the
cotton in a complete, easy, and economical manner, by altering the position of
the "workers" and "strippers," by arranging the same as follows:-My
machine is formed of two frames, supporting on an axis a large and
small drum, and around the large drum a series of rollers as follows:-
A crushing roller or licker-in, sundry workers and strippers, and a roller for
removing the down between the two drums. I place a large curved piece of
metal with horizontal apertures therein under the large drum, and connect
thereto a smaller curved piece of metal also pierced with holes, and placed under
the licker-in. I also employ a feeding cylinder, a comb, and a curved piece of
metal under the little drum; I also employ a compressing roller, and place a
partition at the curved plate of the licker-in. To adjust the machine according
to my Invention, I begin by encompassing the large drum with an endless
belt; after having placed the strippers in proper position, I surround them
with driving bands in the usual way, and make them revolve in the ordinary
manner by means of an endless chain.
The strippers are intended to receive all foreign matters which still contain
enough cotton freed from the carding, and can clear themselves without stopping
the machine as heretofore practised, as the machine, according to my Inven-
tion, is supplied, while working, with a certain quantity of cotton.
I place
against each worker a stripper, for the purpose of giving the large drum the
cleared cotton while preserving the over weak fibres, which it holds in its turn.
This worker, contrary to the mode employed in the ordinary system, is
surrounded with a belt, whose teeth are inclined in the same way as those of
the large drum, and turns in the same direction. This important modification
constitutes my improved mode of carding, by which better work and a larger
quantity can be produced, and a saving in labour.
In conclusion, the principal features of novelty of this Invention consist.in
the mode of arranging and working the rollers of the machine, and of
combining same with the main drum; also in the use of an endless band for

page_text: such purpose, and in the use of curved pierced plates of metal, for separating,
foreign matters from the cotton during the process of carding..
And lastly, in the application of the roller aforesaid, employed for removing
the down from the drums, as above stated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed'
by the said William Thomas Loy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the'
30th October 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM.
THOMAS LOY, of Rood Lanc, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters,
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said.
William. Thomas Loy, Her special licence, that I, the said William Thomas
Loy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as J, the said
William Thomas Loy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should,
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter, during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might.
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain,'
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for,
"IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS.
SUBSTANCES OF A SIMILAR CHARACTER," (a communication to me from abroad by,
Alphonse Ryex, the younger, of Rue de la Porte de Bruges, Ghent, Belgium),
upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said William Thomas
Loy, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-,
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be,
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the,
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Thomas Loy, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be.
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:-
This Invention consists, first, of a novel and improved mode of arranging
and combining the principal parts of machines employed more particularly for.

page_text: carding cotton; and, secondly, in adapting to such said machines certain parts
not beretofore employed for the purpose of cleaning and purifying the cotton
during the operation of carding.
I would here observe, that in the ordinary mode of carding cotton, the
cotton passes from the cylinder to the licker-in roller or crusher, and thence
to a large drum, where it is constantly lifted by a series of rollers called
"workers;" then smaller rollers called "strippers" raise the cotton, which
was placed upon the "workers," and deliver it to the large drum, whence it
is detached by the little drum or "doffer" to form a nap, which is rolled into
a ribbon or sliver in "coiling pans." During this transit of the cotton
through the machine, it is divided, combed, and the fibres straightened; but
although the impurities with which the cotton was charged are detached there-
from, nevertheless, the greatest part follows the cotton in its various changes.
This is obviated by stripping the mechanism several times during the day;
but this troublesome operation is but partly effective. By this Invention I
purify the cotton in a complete, easy, and economical manner, by altering the
position of the "workers" and "strippers," by arranging the same as follows:
-My machine is formed of two frames, supporting on an axis, a large and
small drum, and around the large drum a series of rollers as follows:-
A crushing roller or licker-in, sundry workers and strippers, and a roller for
removing the down; between the two drums I place a large curved piece of
metal with horizontal apertures therein under the large drum, and connect
thereto a smaller curved piece of metal also pierced with holes, and placed
under the licker-in. I also employ a feeding cylinder, a comb, and a curved
piece of metal under the little drum. I also employ a compressing roller, and
place a partition at the curved plate of the licker-in. To adjust the machine
according to my Invention, I begin by encompassing the large drum with an
endless belt, after having placed the strippers in proper position. 1 surround
them with driving bands in the usual way, and make them revolve in
the ordinary manner by means of an endless chain.
The strippers are intended to receive all foreign matters which still contain
enough cotton freed from the carding, and can clear themselves without
stopping the machine as heretofore practised, as the machine, according to my
Invention, is supplied, while working, with a certain quantity of cotton. I
place against each worker a stripper for the purpose of giving the large drum
the cleared cotton, while preserving the over weak fibres, which it holds in its
turn. This worker, contrary to the mode employed in the ordinary system,
is surrounded with a belt, whose teeth are inclined in the same way as those
of the large drum, and turns in the same direction. This important modi-

page_text: cation constitutes my improved mode of carding, by which better work and a
arger quantity can be produced, and a saving in labour.
In conclusion, the principal features of novelty of this Invention consist in
he mode of arranging and working the rollers of the machine, and of combining
ame with the main drum; also in the use of an endless band for such
purpose, and in the use of curved pierced plates of metal, for separating
oreign matters from the cotton during the process of carding.
. And lastly, in the application of the roller aforesaid, employed for removing
he down from the drums as above stated.
In order to explain this Invention as completely as possible, I now proceed
to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same into
practical effect, reference being had to the illustrative Sheets of Drawings
accompanying these Presents, and to the numeral figures and letters of
reference marked thereon respectively, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
At Sheet 1, Figure 1, is an elevation of one side of my improved machinery;
Figure 2, an elevation of the opposite side thereof. At Sheet 2, Figure 3, is
an end view of Figure 1 at A. Figure 4 is a longitudinal and vertical section
through the line 13, C, at Figure 3. At each of the foregoing Figures and
Sheets of Drawings, similar letters of reference are employed to denote
corresponding parts. My improved machinery consists of two frames,
supporting on an axis a large and small drum A and B, and around the cir-
cumference of the large drum A, a series of rollers are disposed in the
following manner :-
Number 1 is a crushing roller or licker-in. Numbers 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12,
14, working rollers or workers. Numbers 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, clearing rollers
or strippers. Number 15, roller intended to remove the hard substances
which accumulate between the two drums aforesaid. C a large disc,
with horizontal openings formed therein; said disc is placed under the large
drum, and attached to a small disc D pierced with holes, and placed at the
under part of the licker-in roller; E, feeding cylinder; F, feeding roller; G,
a comb, and a curved piece of metal; H, disc on the small drum; J, pressure
roller; K, partition placed on the small disc D.
To construct my improved machinery, I begin by surrounding the large
drum with an endless ribbon. Having placed the strippers in the position
exhibited at Figure 1, of Sheet 1 of the Drawings, I proceed to surround the
said strippers with driving bands in the ordinary manner, and make them
revolve in the ordinary way by means of an endless chain. The strippers are

page_text: intended to receive all the foreign matters contained in the cotton delivered to
the carding operation, and said strippers can clear themselves withou
stopping the machine; but as they are supplied during the working thereo
with a certain quantity of cotton, I place against each working roller a
clearing roller, for the purpose of delivering to the large drum the purified
cotton, while preserving the weak fibres, which it holds in its turn. This
clearing roller, contrary to the mode employed in the ordinary system, is
surrounded by a band with teeth therein, which are inclined in the same
direction as the teeth of the large drum, and rotate in the same direction.
This important modification constitutes my improved method of carding before-
mentioned, by which better work and a larger quantity can be produced, and
also a saving of labor effected.
It is important to the proper performance of the above improved machinery,
that the workers be so adjusted as to move in an opposite direction to
the movement of the carding cylinder. The above described disposition of the
rollers, and the manner of causing them to revolve, admits of a considerably
greater velocity of the machine than is generally adopted for the speed of the
large drum.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of this In-
vention for "Improved Machinery or Apparatus for Carding Cotton, and other
Fibrous Substances of a similar Character" (communicated to me from abroad
by Alphonse Ryex, the younger, of Rue de la Porte de Bruges, Ghent,
Belgium), together with the best means I am acquainted with for carrying
the same into practical effect, I hereby declare this Invention to consist in,
and I claim the particular disposition of the rollers of the machinery,
and direction in which they are caused to rotate, also the mode set forth, de-
scribed, and represented, of imparting motion to the travelling rollers, namely,
by means of an endless band furnished with teeth, inclined in the sanie
direction as the teeth of the large drum, as above stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Thomas Loy, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
WILLIAM THOMAS LOY. (L.S.)