IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING AND CULINARY UTENSILS, AND METHODS OF HEATING AND SUSPENDING OR FASTENING ARTICLES OF DOMESTIC USB, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
SMITH, of No. 13, Newcastle Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and
forty-six, in the tenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto the said Charles Smith, Her especial license,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Charles Smith, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales; and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and
also in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, including the
Channel Islands, my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING AND CULINARY
UTENSILS, AND METHODS OF HEATING AND SUSPENDING OR FASTENING ARTICLES OF
DOMESTIC USB, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso that I, the said Charles Smith, shall cause a particular
lescription of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said

page_text: in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Smith, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is fully described
and ascertained in the following statements and descriptions thereof, reference
being had to the several Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
That from the simplicity of the forms of a great portion of the improved
articles the Drawings alone will be sufficient for a practical person perfectly
to understand my new methods and improvements; but that in order to give
the best explanation in my power, and that my combinations of combustible
matters for heating articles of culinary or domestic use may be equally well
understood, I have divided the several improved methods and processes, and
contructed articles or utensils, and drawn the Plans and Specification of
the same under eleven heads or claims, the first of which relates to wholly
or partially saturating and combining, solidifying, moulding, or compressing in
a cold or hot state combustible or other suitable matters from comminuted
or solid materials, so as to form ignyfying and maintaining fuel for the
production of heat to be applied for cooking, culinary, domestic, and other
Also to tools or apparatus to
purposes for which the same may be suitable.
be used in or about the manufacture of the said fuels, and the application of
the same or any part thereof to the moulding, forming, or compressing
plastic goods generally. Also to the manufacture of cements or compositions
for mixing with and combining or solidifying the above-mentioned fuels,
which cements or compositions are also applicable for building and other like
useful purposes. The methods of combining the materials and performing
the different processes, and the construction and application thereto of the
apparatus and tools I use, will be readily understood from the following
explanations and descriptions of the Drawings hereunto annexed, which
Drawings are principally made to the scale of one inch to the foot, and the
same letters will be found to refer to the same parts in the sections, plans, and
elevations.
The first part refers to my saturating process, as applied to solid, con-
crete, or porous substances, such as cinders, charcoal, or coak, whether
produced by charing any kind of bituminous coal or by a mixture of such
coal with anthracite or other coal, or with some other like suitable mineral
combustible matter, or from wood, turf, peat, or any other suitable kind of
vegetable or earthy matter, or masses formed of such like materials without

page_text: being carbonized; and I also apply the same saturating process to several of
my composition substances when formed by pressure or made to cobere by
means of my cements, either in a hot or cold state, as herein-after described.
I first take resia and cast it into a suitable boiler or melting pan, adding about
5 five pounds of tallow or other suitable fatty matter to every hundredweight
of resin; or in lieu of the tallow I add about four quarts of oil, preferring for
economy the cheapest kinds of oil; or I take two pounds and a half of wax and
two quarts of oil, or I take pitch, tar, asphaltum, or any similar bituminous
matter in about equal proportions, and I mix them together with about an
equal quantity of resin or other kind of wax or fatty matter; or oily or
inflamable spirits can be mingled with bituminous matter, and can be used
without the resin or mixed with it in any proportion; or I use the oil or
inflamable spirits or fatty matter either of them separately or mixed together
in any proportion, and to each hundredweight of either of the inflamable
matters I add one pound or thereabouts of camphire, and when they are just
on the boiling point, which I continue throughout the process, the heating
part of which process I prefer, for economy, to perform by flues from coke
ovens, I immerse in a wire sieve, frame, or basket, or by any other suitable
means, the dry masses of combustible materials, having previously broken them
in pieces so as none of the fragments will be larger than will about pass
through a hole four inches square, and when they have been immersed a
sufficient time, so as to saturate them partially or wholly, as may be required,
I remove them from the boiler or pan the sieve or basket containing those
saturated combustible pieces with a small crane fitted up with a worm wheel
and pinion, which apparatus I apply to the pan or otherwise; and when the
superfluous inflamable liquid is drained from the surface of the pieces of com-
bustible materials they are fit for use, and will be found an casy ignitable,
lasting, and economical fuel. The time it will take to saturate those materials
will vary according to the closeness of the texture and the extent of saturation
required to be given; and greater dispatch in the process can be accomplished
by the addition of a larger portion of oil, inflamable spirits, or fatty matter.
The proper proportions necessary under various circumstances practice alone
will teach.
I will now describe my apparatus, and explain my methods of combining,
moulding, or compressing comminuted materials into masses of any convenient
size and shape, either in a hot or cold state.
Plan 1, Division 1.-Figure 1 is a longitudinal central section; Figure 2
transverse section through the hopper end of the working, mixing, and
empering barrel; and Figure 3 an elevation of my apparatus, constructed

page_text: principally for the manufacture of materials in a lot state, made to cohere
by any inflamable cementing composition. The fuel may be composed of any
of the combustible materials usually employed, and which can obtained in or
are readily reduceable into a comminuted state, such as small coal, coke, culm,
ashes, tanbark, sawdust, turf, peat, earth, street dirt scrapings, bituminous or
other schistose slate fit for the purpose. Any of the several materials bere
enumerated may be employed alone, or two or more mixed together, in com-
bination with the inflamable composition herein-after described; but what-
I
soever material is selected it must be reduced to a comminuted state.
will here mention the following materials and proportions, which, without
confining myself to, I state as shewing one combination of ingredients which I
find in practice to make a very good fuel: I take two parts of anthracite coal, two
of bituminous coal, one of plastic clay, two of charcoal (any kind of charcoal will
do, but I prefer, for economy, to use charcoal made of sawdust charred in a
retort heated by the waste heat of a coke oven, or the retort can be heated by
any other convenient means; and I occasionally conduct the volatile part driven
off from the carbonizing materials in the retort during the operation into con-
densers, purifiers, or receivers, and apply the products to useful purposes; I also
char wood or any suitable matter in retorts by the heat of coke ovens, as
above); I then take the comminuted materials thus proportioned, and well
mingle them on a surface heated by flues passing under it. For economy I
prefer the waste heat of a coke oven, or the surface can be heated by other
means, and when the materials are heated to a sufficient degree to liquify
crude resin, wax, or pitch, I measure it off into the iron hopper of the
moulding apparatus shewn at A, Figure 1, which is secured thereto by screw
bolts passing through the flanges formed on each part as shewn, and to each
bushel of the comminuted materials I add about seven quarts of the liquid
inflamable materials before described, or any similar inflamable compound
fit for the purpose, and the proper temprature of the whole mass is kept up
by the cylinder D of the moulding apparatus being made in two parts, and
bolted together at the flanges, as shewn, the lower half of which being
immersed in the hot liquid inflamable cement contained. in the boiler, as
shewn at B in Figures 1 and 2, which is heated by the fireplace and flues
C, C, C, C, Figure. 3. E is the fire-door, and F a binged flap or cover for
filling the boiler and allowing the steam to escape therefrom. G is a cock for
drawing off the liquid inflamable cement as it is required for mixing with
the hot comminuted materials. H is a driving wheel and shaft, connected
with animal or other motive force, and gives the motion to the beveled wheels
I, J, K, and L, and finally to the knives T, Figure 2, which are contained in

page_text: the cylinder or barrel D, as shewn, and which knives, arins, or blades are
formed to the spiral of a screw, so that the comminuted or plastic materials
when cut, divided, mixed, and tempored, are forced onward and out through
the port or mouthpiece M into a series of rectangular or other formed
recesses or moulding boxes N, standing radially around the circumference of
the wheel O, into which moulds the comminuted or plastic materials are
deposited as it exudes from the cylinder, passing under an inclined plane or
conical roller formed to the delivery side of the port or mouthpiece, which has
a recess or pocket formed to receive an iron heater, shewn at P, to keep the
materials in a free hot state at the delivery part of the apparatus; and as the
moulds revolve after being so filled the contents or masses are successively
pushed up out of those recesses, as shewn at V, by piston rods passing through
the bottom of the moulding boxes and the friction roller Q, acted upon by the
inclined plane or way R, fixed upon the masonry as shewn, and the masses
are removed on a pallet board placed in each mould for that purpose. The
section of the moulds is shewn as constructed for forming four masses in each,
the pins S forming the holes through them to facilitate ignition; these pins
are removed when solid masses are to be formed in the recesses. One of these
perforated masses or ignifiers is shewn at Figure 4; and when I use this
apparatus for moulding comminuted or plastic materials in a cold state the
only difference in the apparatus is that the use of the boiler part B is dispensed
with. Figure 5 is a perspective elevation, and Figure 6 a transverse section
of my rectangular apparatus for moulding comminuted materials in a hot or
cold state by hand or otherwise. A is a rectangular horizontal wood or metal
frame or bench, having a series of iron moulding recesses or boxes B fixed in
straight range, which boxes are acted upon simultaneously for pressing upwards
by a corresponding range of pistons F, kept in a perpendicular position by the
axle and pins Q, which carry the friction rollers, and sliding in the guide slots
O and through holes formed for the passage of the piston rods in the bottom
of each box, with the friction rollers at their lower ends, shewn at G, made to
move up and down on the metal railway incline plane II, two of which lines of
rail are fixed to the upper side of the vibrating board I, to which to and fro
motion is given by turning the winch handle J, which turns the pinion K and
the friction rollers N, N, and wheel L, on the axle of which toothed pinions
are formed, working in two racks, which are fixed on the under side of the
vibrating board; and when the materials are mingled, mixed, and prepared in
a proper manner, according to the process and mixture of the ingredients
intended, the moulds are filled with a trowel, shovel, or a bottomless box

page_text: charged with a sufficiency of the materials to fill all the moulds, and passed
along the top of the bench and moulds mounted on friction rollers. Or I use
some other useful tool; and when the upper surface is formed by the super-
fluous materials being struck off even with the upper part of the moulds, the
hinged wood flap C is lowered and fastened down on the upper surface by the
hinged mortice metal straps D, D, sliding on the fixed bars or bolts E, E; the
winch handle J is turned, and a rising motion thereby given to all the pistons,
and a sufficient pressure thereby given simultaneously to all the masses in the
moulds, and then the hinged flap C is unfastened and turned back, or lifted up
perpendicularly by a counterpoize weight, and the winch handle is then turned
again in the same direction as before until each of the friction rollers has reached
the top of the incline planes, and the stop M has come close to the rollers
N, when all the masses are at one and the same notion raised by the pistons
above the upper surface of the moulds, and are removed on the pallet boards
'; and when another set of pallet boards is applied, one to each piston or
mould, the winch is again reversed until the friction rollers are descended to
the bottom of the incline planes and the top of the pistons and pallet boards
are at the bottom of the moulds, when the apparatus will again be in a fit
state for the repetition of the operation of filling, &c. Figure 8 is a plan, and
Figure 9 a central transverse section of a circular apparatus for moulding com-
minuted or plastic materials in a hot or cold state by hand or otherwise, and is a
modification of the same principle, and intended to answer the same purpose
as my apparatus previously described. A shews the moulds formed in the
face of the circular fixed plate and framing B, with the hinged cover flap
C, and the fastening hinged strap and bolt D attached thereto, with the
pallet boards E on the top of the pistons F therein, which pallet boards are
kept in a perpendicular position by each of the piston rods passing through a
hole in the bottom of the moulding box, and by the axle G sliding in slots in
the fixed guide bars H, and the antifriction rollers I, which are acted on by
the wire of the wheel J, which is keyed on to the shaft K, the lower end of
which is screwed into the nut L; and when the moulds A are filled and
covered down as shewn, the pins M, M, are withdrawn, and the levers N, N,
lowered down upon the trough-formed cross head O, and manual or other
pressure applied thereto, which forces round the screw shaft K, which raises
the wheel J, and simultaniously also all the pistons, compressing all the masses
in the moulds; and when they are sufficiently consolidated the cover flaps are
unfastened and turned back, and the screw shaft is again turned in the same
direction until the masses and pallet boards are raized above the upper surface

page_text: of the moulds, from which they are then removed, and a further set of pallet
boards placed, and the screw is again turned down with the other parts of
the apparatus into the position shewn, and the operation may be repeated.
Figure 10 is a central transverse perspective section of my apparatus for
moulding and consolidating comminuted or plastic or any other materials
by the atmosphere pressing on a piston or moulding box, the air on
the opposite side being drawn out or rarified by means of a single or
double barrelled air pump. The application of atmospheric pressure by
rarefication is susceptible of a variety of modifications as relates to the
form of apparatus. The one shewn at Figure 10, which I shall now
proceed to describe, I have found fully to answer the purpose, and will
give a practical man sufficient information how to modify the method
in making presses of this kind for various uses. A is a truly-formed rectan-
gular iron box, with the upper part B so made as to move up and down
freely, and fitted air-tight therein by packing applied all round in the groove C,
and acting as a piston. The upper part is shewn as lifted up by the tooth
pinion D, the axle of which passes through a stuffing box in the side of the
apparatus, and works in the rack E, the air being allowed to enter the rari-
fying or vacuum chamber F at the cock G. The materials are then laid in
laminated or stratum-formed masses, with pallet plates or boards between
them, as shewn at H, and then the hinged cone I is lowered down and
fastened by the bolt bar and mortice metal hinged strap, as shewn at J, and the
cock G is turned off, and the air is drawn out or rarifyed in the chamber F by
the pump K, and sufficient pressure given by the fixed strong guide bars L, L,
keeping up sufficiently the resistance by the plate M, which is screwed thereto,
as shewn N, N, and then the hinged cover I is unfastened and turned back,
and the winch turned the reverse way, and the piston part B is carried
lown by the rack and pinion sufficiently to clear the laminated masses, which
are then removed therefrom, and the apparatus is ready for a repetition of the
operation.
I will now describe my methods of forming, combining, or solidifying masses
of artificial fuel in a cold state, made to cohere by any calcarions or argalicious.
ements or plastic materials, either with or without being in combination with
he alkaline or earthy salts, or vegetable or mineral acids, or with or without
be admixture of resin, pitch, tar, wax, oil, fatty, or any other like inflamable
matter. I take any two or more of the mineral or vegetable combustible
hatters before alluded to in the comminuted state; and being desirous to make
his part of my processes clearly understood, and not to encumber my descrip-
fon with a number of proportions of the suitable materials, which all bear a

page_text: similarity to each other in their properties, and the proper mingling of which
practice will readily teach, I will here select as I before explained for my hot
process, without, however, confining myself thereto, but merely as shewing
one combination of materials or mixture of ingredients which I have found in
practice to answer well. I take two parts of anthracite and two of bituminous
coal, two of cinders, coke, charcoal, or peat, or any like suitable matter, and
mingle them together, and I occasionally add to each bushel thereof, well
iningling it therewith, about four pounds of fine dry pulverized inflamable
materials, or the same quantity of pitch or asphaltum, or similar bituminous
inflamable material separately; or I take the same quantity of the pulverized
inflamable materials mixed together in any proportion; I then proceed to
cohere, mould, and compress with my apparatus as described, or by other
suitable means, those materials into masses, which I perform by applying
thereto about a fourth part of calcareous or argalicious cements, and mix it
with water to about the consistency of mortar; and to increase its cohering or
or christalizing qualities I occasionally dissolve in each gallon of the water
for mixing about a quarter of a pound of alum or the sulphate of potash or
soda or other salts separately or in conjunction with the vegetable or mineral
acids; but when the cements are mixed with those salts or acids in their manu-
facture, there will be no occasion for applying them in the water. The argali-
cious kinds of cernent, such as Roman cement or plaster of Paris, or any
calcarious cement, either directly manufactured from natural-formed mineral
productions or by any artificial admixture of such like suitable materials, will
do for the purpose, but I prefer for economy, and also for its great solidifying
qualities, my cement or composition, which I will now describe. I take
lime or its carbonates, such as chalk or any other carbonate of lime, or
the carbonate or sulphate of magnesia, or the sulphate or fluates of lime, or
such like materials, which I reduce to a fine state of division by grinding
them with water by the common methods used for grinding whiteing or flint,
or by some other method equally effectual, until they are in such a state of
disintegration as by agitation will allow the fine particles to remain in suspen-
sion so as to pour off with the water about as fine as common liquid whiteing
at about the consistency of cream. Secondly, I take scoria or clinkers, or any
kind of clay or aluminous matter, cheap metalic oxides, ores, pyrites, or fritz,
or any other similar ingredient which has a tendency in calcination, when
"mixed with calcarious matter, to give it a fluxing or fusing vitrifying quality.
I reduce any such substances to particles about the same fineness as those
before described, and the hard one, or those that require grinding, are reduced
either with or without water, and the finer parts, when mixed with water,

page_text: poured off as before explained; or if the selected substances be sufficiently soft
in themselves I omit the grinding and simply diffuse them in water, mixing
and agitating them in it till they are of the liquid consistency above described,
and are then washed off as before. Thirdly, I take from two to ten or more
parts of the ground calcarious matter to one of the ground fusible vitrifying
materials, varying them according to the nature of the required composition,
and the fluxing qualities of the ingredients under use, which will vary, but
practice will soon teach the proper proportions. I mingle and incorporate
them well together in a cistern or tank fit for the purpose; the diffused ingre-
dients are then to rest, when the clear water is drawn off, and the rest evapo-
rated, either by artificial heat or exposure to the atmosphere, until the mass
becomes sufficiently stiff to be cut in pieces for burning. The burning may
be performed in a common lime kiln, stove, or furnace, observing that the
intensity and duration of heat be sufficient to drive off the carbonic acid, and to
completely calcine and turn it of a deep yellow or greenish color, and partially
vitrify the substances, and I form cements with suitable materials without
previously grinding them. Any calcarious substances will do for my purposes
which are found in their natural state to contain a sufficiency of fusible fluxing
ingredients as to admit of their being easily partially vetrified, or become of a
deep yellow or greenish color in the calcining process. The burnt materials
in either case are reduced to powder by grinding them between horizontal
stones, and then the composition is in a state fit for use, and will become, after
being mixed with water or other suitable solution, of extreme hardness in a
short space of time, and is applicable not only for combining matters for fuel,
but to the general purposes of building or similar uses as a substitute for
Roman cement and such like articles, and will be found superior to them.
The masses of fuel when thus formed, and before they are set and become
hard, I occasionally perforate with holes by means of a number of metal pins
riveted to a plate with a handle at the back thereof to hold it by, similar to
the tool used by bakers for perforating buiscuits, &c., or the perforations can be
performed by other means; and when those masses are become dry I occa-
sionally saturate them in the hot inflamable liquid materials, as before described.
The perforated holes facilitate this process, and prevents adhesion of the
masses. The moulds, before filling, as well as the masses after saturation,
or any of the before-mentioned production, I dust over with charcoal or coke
which has been saturated in the inflamable solution and afterwards ground
very fine.
My further methods of forming masses of artificial fuel in a cold state
relate to combining any of the matters before alluded to with plastic clay, street

page_text: scrapings, or any suitable matters rendered plastic by the fine division of their
particles. I take, for example, the comminuted materials of the same kinds and
in the same proportions as before described for the mixing with the cements
(with or without the four pounds of powdered resin, pitch, or other suitable in-
flamable matter), to which, when well mingled, I add about one fourth of plastic
clay, or any other suitable plastic materials, and I well temper them together to a
proper consistency, and mould them the same as bricks are moulded, and dry them
in the same manner, or by any other convenient means, but I prefer for the
purpose of moulding and compressing by hand my small apparatus, as herein-after
described. Figure 11 is a transverse central perspective section of the apparatus.
A is the workbench. B is a brick mould of the ordinary description, and is filled
and discharged in like manner. C is a piston, made to fit the interior upper
surface thereof; and when the mould is charged, and the materials struck off
even, a sufficient pressure or solidity is given thereto by the foot of the work-
man being applied to force down the lever D, which is jointed to the upright
shaft E, which shaft and piston are kept in a perpendicular position by the
guide pins G, G, and slots H; and so soon as the pressure is removed from
off the lever the counterpoize vessel I, containing sand or other ponderable
matter, descends into the position here shewn, which raises the hinge strap
bars J, J, which supports the piston in its present position, and is then turned
aside by the handle K passing the bars J, J, along the slots II sufficiently to
clear the mould. The consolidated mass is then discharged, and the mould,
replaced and dusted as before described, is then ready for a repetition of the
operation. The masses are occasionally perforated, as before described, and
<dried by the atmosphere or by artificial heat, and are then saturated in the
inflamable solution. I cement those comminuted combustible materials, after
being mingled with resin or pitch in a dry state, finely powdered, by a suffi-
ciency of mineral tar to render them plastic. I then mould and press it into
masses, as before explained, and when dry it is fit for use.
I will now explain my methods of forming masses for lighting fires, or for
very great dispatch in heating or boiling culinary or other suitable articles.
Any of the combustible materials alluded to in the before-mentioned descrip-
tions of my processes will do, but I prefer two parts of coal, two of ground
coke, two of spent bark or similar vegetable matter, two of finely-ground
charcoal, and about two of shavings or straw reduced to particles in chaff-
cutting machine or otherwise, well mingled together; and to each bushel of
this I apply about eight quarts of hot liquid resin, which I prefer to use sepa-
rately, or it may be mixed with wax or bituminous matter in any proportion.
I mix those materials together in a hot state, and, when well incorporated, I

page_text: A are
mould them into a variety of forms separately for use; or I combine them into
masses with wood or cork shavings, or particles of cork, or such like material,
in any proportions; or reeds, straw, or such like tubular vegetable matters.
Figures 12, 13, and 14, shew some of the combinations I adop; and it will be
obvious that an almost endless variety of combinations of vegetable or mineral
matters can be resorted to in forming similar products. Figure 15 is a
circular jaw metal clamp or pincers, which I use as one of my simple modes
of forming those matters. The outside of Figure 12 is formed of short
splinters of wood A, which I place side by side all round on the inside of the
jaw of the clamp, and I then fill up the centre with the hot composition, as
shewn at B; and I then form the hole C with a conical punch, which hole I
cram with wood, cork, or other suitable shavings or particles; and I then dip
the mass in the saturating inflamable materials before described, and when
cold it is delivered from the pincers or other suitable tool, and the mass, when
firm, is fit for use. Figure 14 shews a mass formed in a similar way, with
short pieces of reed, straw, or some other tubular vegetable materials.
the tubes; B, the composition; and C, the hole for the shavings or other
material, as before mentioned. Figure 13 is a mass formed in like manner,
with a small bundle of dry tubular vegetables or splinters of wood D in the
centre, held together by a coating of hot comminuted and inflamable
material II, and are saturated in the hot inflamable liquid, as before described;
and I make boxes or baskets of veneers of wood, as pill boxes or hat boxes, or
fruit baskets or pottles are made, which is well understood, and of various
sizes and forms for packing in small quantities my saturated charcoal, or ny
saturated coke, or other ignifying fuels, so as to render them more portable.
Figures 16 and 17 are longitudinal central sections of portable stands, formed
for applying my easey-igniting masses last described, or any other fuel, or a
lamp beneeth them. I apply a variety of vessels to be heated on those
portable stands. The one shewn in Figure 16 is constructed with a conical
bottom A and flue B passing through a tea kettle or other vessel, so as to
expose as large a surface as possible to the fire. Those vessels I form with a.
flange all round them, which turns down into any dry mineral powder in the
recess formed on the stand, as shewn at C, which admits of the vessels being
placed on or removed at pleasure, and when on are hermetically secured at.
heir junction. D is the stand, and E the door for applying the fuel, &c.
F is a grating supporting it. G, G, are holes for the admission of air to keep
op ignition. H is a tray or fender to contain the ashes, and forms also a
andle for removing the apparatus to any convenient place. Figure 17 is an.

page_text: apparatus, the letters of reference to the lower parts are the same as Figure 16,
-but has a broad-bottomed shallow circular vessel for containing the water,
which is fastened in the stand shewn at A. The water is filled in at the screw
pipe I; the heat passes under the bottom, and enters the flue at B, and passes
off to the chimney at the funnel K. L is a coffee or tea pot, or other similar
vessel, which is applied or fixed to the screw pipe I of the boiler part by the
female screw M. The coffee, tea, or other similar matters are placed in the
finely-perforated circular box N, which is placed in the recess at the bottom
of the pot by the rod O. The cock P is turned on by the lever Q, and the
expansion of the steam forces the hot water up the pipe I through the coffee,
tea, or other matters in the perforated box N, and finally fills the vessel L,
and the cock P is then shut off, and the vessel L turned round and liberated
from the screw pipe I. I make those pots or vessels to be used without the
portable stand by attaching them to a broad-bottomed shallow similar detached
boiler or kettle, which form I most approve, on account of so large a surface
being exposed to the fire; or they can be attached to vessels of any other
shape, and I apply them to be heated on any ordinary open or close fire in the
ordinary way, and I make those articles of tin, copper, iron, or other suitable
metal.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would have it under-
stood that I claim the method and combinations herein described applied to
the various articles before mentioned.
The second head or claim of my Invention relates to the construction of
coffee and teapots, or urns, kettles, or similar utensils, and the modes of
forming them in two parts, and methods of readily attaching and detaching
the parts from each other, so that the water in the boiler part is forced by the
pressure of the steam into and through a perforated vessel which contains the
coffee, tea, or similar matters, and from thence into the pot or urn; and the
methods of constructing such boiler part, so that it may be readily heated on
fires of the ordinary kind, or by an iron heater or lamp on a stand; and also
the method of making tea or coffee pots or urns in earthenware, with a per-
forated straining vessel suspended therein; and methods of applying stands,
lamps, or heaters, to such and similar vessels formed of like materials; also to
methods of forming frying pans, kettles, saucepans, and such-like vessels with
flues around them, and occasionally with copper bottoms applied thereon to
those formed of tin, as well as to other similar tin vessels; and to methods of
heating pots and similar vessels on stands or envelopes with or without flues
around them, so as to facilitate their boiling properties, and tending to preserve

page_text: and keep them clear. This part of my Invention will be well understood
by the following descriptions, reference being had to the Drawings referred to
and hereunto annexed.
Plan 2, Division 2.-Figure 1 is a perspective longitudinal central sectional
plan of a coffee or tea pot A, shewn as applied to the kettle or boiler part B,
and attached to each other by the screw pipe at C. The water or other fluid
is poured into the boiler at the funnel and screw pipe D before the two
vessels are put together, whereby the pressure of the steam generated in the
boiler part forces the water in a boiling state through the pipes C to the
top on the inside of the pot, which descends to the bottom again in the pipe E
and enters at the cavity F, and passes through the coffee, tea, or other matters
placed in the perforated box G, which is applied or removed at pleasure by
the rod H, and the liquid fills the pot as required, and then it is removed.
from off the fire and unscrewed from the boiler, and is in a clean state for use.
In lieu of a screw at D to attach those vessels I occasionally use a nicely-
ground or packed together metal plug and socket, and I occasionally use my
pipe and cock method, as before described in the first head or claim for filling
those pots. The boiler as well as the pot I make to any suitable form. The
projecting flange I is for the purpose of keeping the pot clean. whilest. on the
fire. Figure 2 is an urn attached to a boiler by the methods before described,
and operates in like manner. The same letters of reference are applied, but
it is placed on the portable stand, as shewn at J, and boiled. by the heater K,
which is placed in the stratum of sand M to prevent the heat descending.
N, N are handles to remove it by. O is a cock for drawing off the liquid
infusion. Figure 3 is also a like form of a coffee or teapot A, attached to a
kettle or boiler B, as before described, and filled at D in like manner; but in
this the boiling water passes up the pipe C, discharging and forcing its way
through the coffee, tea, or other similar matters contained in the suspended
perforated vessel E into the pot A. The lower part of the perforated vessel is
placed in or removed at pleasure by the metal rod F, and is fitted. tight: to
the upper fixed covered part J by fibrous packing applied in the groove G,
or by other means; and I occasionally apply a double casing around the
boiler part, so as to form. the flue. H to confine the heat, and render those
and similar vessels more expedisious in boiling. I is a handle for removing
it by. Figure 4 is also a like plan of a tea or coffee pot. or similar vessel A...
on a portable pedestal. stand B, each made of earthenware; with a heater C
placed on a stratum of sand D to prevent the heat descending to do injury,
and with a moveable suspended-perforated. vessel E, made of the like or other
suitable materials to keep the coffee, tea, or other matters clear above the

page_text: bottom of the pot, so as not to be injured by the heat thereof. E, E, are
handles for conveniently moving the apparatus. Figure 12 is an iron rod
for placing in and removing the heater Figure 5. A is a longitudinal central
sectional plan of a common coffee pot or similar vessel placed in a separate
metal case or vessel, and with or without the flue H passing around it, for
expediting the boiling. I use those cases or envelopes principally to shield those
vessels from injury, and keep them clean during the boiling operation, as well
as rendering their boiling properties more quick and uniform. Figure 6 is
a central sectional plan. A is a teakettle or similar vessel, placed in a
metal envelope of the same description, and to serve the same purposes, and
with or without the flue part H thereto. Figure 7, A is a longitudinal
central section of a coffee, tea, or shaving pot warmer, or similar vessel, con-
structed with a flue. The heat enters at H and passes off at the perforations B,
which construction facilitates the heating or boiling of these and such like
vessels. Figure 8 is a longitudinal central sectional plan of a similar vessel
to the last described, applied on a stand N, with a lamp C for the purpose of
heating or boiling. The air to keep up ignition of the lamp enters at the
perforations D, and passes through the flue H, and off to the chimney, &c. at
B. E is a door for trimming or lighting the lamp. Figure 9, A is a central
sectional plan of a tin saucepan or boiler, or any similar vessel, with my flue
part applied thereto, which expedites the boiling. I occasionaly apply to tin
culinary vessels used for heating, boiling, or similar purposes, a copper bottom
in lieu of a tin one to increase their strength and durability. Figure 10, A
is a central section of a cast-iron saucepan or boiler, or similar vessel, with
the addition of my flue part thereto, which sufficiently shews its application
to other similar formed articles. Figure 11, A is a central sectional plan of
a frying pan or stewpan, or similar vessel, with my flue part formed thereto,
and those vessels are made in the usual way.
Having thus explained the above parts of my Invention, it will be obvious
that the forms and methods admit of various modifications; I will therefore
here mention, that my Invention relates to the same or any modification
thereof, however formed or applied, to such like articles.
The third head or claim of my Invention relates to portable ovens or
similar apparatus to be heated over an ordinary fire for baking, and methods
of applying hermetically-secured covers to those and similar articles; also to a
portable apparatus for baking, boiling, or cooking with steam at the same
time, over an ordinary fire; also to a method of roasting coffee in a perforated,
cylindrical, or other suitably-formed vessel, so as to let the smoke or effuvium
generated therein during the roasting to escape therefrom, but so inclosed in

page_text: an external casing as to render the heat uniform, and prevent the smoke of
the fire intruding to injure the coffee. Also to methods of toasting, broiling, or
roasting, and readily turning any small matters before fires of the ordinary
description.
This part of my Invention will be readily understood by the following
descriptions, reference being had to the Drawings referred to.
Plan 2, Division 3.-Figure 1 is a perspective elevation, and Figures 2 and 3
are transverse central sections of my portable oven, which I heat by fixing or
placing on or suspending over any ordinary fire, and the matters cooking are
easily placed in, inspected, and removed at pleasure, and when covered are
hermetically secure. Figure 2, A is the part I fix, place, or suspend over the
fire, and is made of wrought or cast iron or otherwise. B is the oven or space
for receiving the matters to be baked or cooked. C, C, are covers made of
tin or any other suitable metal or materials placed at a distance from each
other, as shewn at D, and when placed on the part A their lower ends are
hermetically secured at their junction by a stratum of fine-powdered whiting
or clay, or any fine particles of earthy or mineral or any such like suitable
matters, placed in so as to about half fill the grooves E, E, which admits of
the covers, as occasion requires, being taken off clean and replaced at pleasure
by the handle I. The heat passes under the oven part B, and through the
holes F and flue D, and off to the chimney at the hole G and funnel H. J is
a hole for the escape of steam, &c. from the matters baking. The flange
K is for the purpose of suspending, keeping clean, or for handles for con-
veniently moving the apparatus, and the section Figure 3 shews a modification
of the same, with a single cover and groove at bottom, and the smoke, &c.
in this article passes under the bottom and off to the chimney at the open-
ing L; and I occasionally invest the bottom part B, as shewn at M, and I,
place sand, firestone, brick, clay, or other suitable matter therein, so as to
render the heat more steady and uniform. N are small projecting ribs to keep
the vessel above the plate B from being injured by the intense heat thereof;
and I occasionally make those and similar articles for such like purposes with
common close-fitting covers without the groove and hermetical joint, and
cccasionally with a boiler at each or both ends, similar to those shewn in the
:ext example. Figure 4 is an elevation, and Figure 5 a perspective longitu-
dinal central section of my portable apparatus for baking, boiling, or cooking
with steam at the same time. A is the oven and door. B, B, are boilers,
and C, C, the kettles or vessels for cooking with steam or boiler. The
apparatus is fixed, placed, or suspended over an ordinary fire by the
handles D, D. The heat passes under the bottoms E, E, and enters the

page_text: flues F, F, and passes under the hot plate at G, and off to the chimney at the
funnel H. The steam from the water in the boiler part B, B, carries on the
process of cooking with steam in the vessel C, C. It enters at the top of a
water-tight cavity, formed or fixed at each end or sides of those kettles, and
descends through the perforations H on the matters cooking. When those
vessels are used for boiling, some water is placed therein enough to rise above
those perforations, and is heated by the surrounding water in the boiler part B.
J, J, are handles for removing the covers thereof.
of
Figure 6 is a longitudinal, and Figure 7 a transverse central sectional plan
my coffee-roasting apparatus. A is my perforated cylinder for containing the
coffee, which is set in rotatory motion on the shaft or axle B, which takes its
bearings on the ends of the casing, as shewn, and is put in rotatory motion by
the crank C, and long handle D, by hand, or by a smoke or spring jack, or other
means. The charge of coffee is placed in, inspected, and removed from the
cylinder through holes covered with slides in the usual way. E is a suffi-
ciently perforated cover to let off the effluvium, and rests on the grooves F, F,
and is removed by the handle G. The apparatus is placed on or suspended.
over an ordinary fire; the heat enters the flues of the casing at H, H, and
passes off to the chimney at the holes I, I, and coffee is much better roasted
in those perforated cylinders, which allow the effluvium generated to escape
freely without the intrusion of smoke from the fire, which is prevented by the
outer close cover which surrounds it and supports the axle of the rotating.
shaft thereon, as shewn.
Figure 8 is
an elevation of my apparatus for toasting, roasting, or
boiling any small matters before a fire. A is the holding rod with the
cross end B fixed thereto, which supports and holds together the hinged
wires C, C, C, C, which carry suspended thereto the dripping pan D. The
two frames of wires. C are taken off the cross end B, and matters to be
cooked are placed. between them, and then they are again placed thereon,
and are held together thereby, and are placed or held before the fire by the
rod B, or hooked on to the bars of the firegrate by the holders shewn at
E, E; and when the matters require turning before the fire the holding
rod A is turned over and reversed from the position shewn. My before-
described methods are very simple, and are susceptible of a variety of forms.
I will here state that my Invention relates to the use of the same; or any
modification thereof.
The fourth head or claim of my Invention relates to the application of a heater,
hot water, or other fluids to culinary articles, and also to modes of hermeti-
cally securing all kinds of culinary, domestic, chemical, or similar vessels or

page_text: articles with dry powder, such as flour, meal, whiteing, general burnt or other
clays, or similar earths, silix, or any similar suitable ingredients or moist
plastic matters, and the inclosing any such articles in separate vessels or case
made in two or more parts, with a groove around the bottom to receive the
above dry powders or warter or other liquid, or any suitable matter, so as to
secure hermetically the parts or covers thereof at their junction, and the appli-
cation of such like joints to milk pans and similar utensils. Also the com-
bination of a slop pail, night stool, wash-hand stand, and jug, with the vessels
to contain the soap, &c., and a pole or horse to receive the towel, combined in
one apparatus, hermetically secured, or two or more of the parts can be used
separately. Also to an earthenware chamber receptacle hermetically secured.
Also to the application of casters, handles, and brackets, to tubs, buckets, pails,..
or similar vessels. Also to the application of a groove and hermetically
securing joint to the heads of casks, boxes, cannisters, or any other suitable
articles. Also to methods of forming vessels to receive knife or fork rests.
Also the formation and use of figures for such purposes. All which will be
well understood from the following descriptions thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings referred to and hereunto annexed.
.
Plan 2, Division 4.-Figure I. is central sectional plan of a dish A, made of
earthenware or otherwise, on my pedestal stand B. C is a recess containing.
the heater D, for heating the dish A, which heater rests on a stratum of sand
E to prevent the heat descending. F, F, are handles for conveniently moving
the stand, and G is a groove for hermetically securing the covers placed
therein.
Figure 2 is a central sectional plan of a tureen or similar vessel shewn
applied on my stand and heater, as above explained.
Figure 3 is a central sectional plan of a dish and cover H, of the ordinary
kind, as applied on my stand and heater.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal central section of a shaving or other warming
pot A applied on my portable heater and stand.
Figure 5 is a transverse sectional plan of a toast rack A, of any kind,
with my recess B formed in the stand thereof to contain hot water, and
my hermetically securing groove and C, formed or applied thereon to keep
the toast, &c. in a warm state.
Figure 6 is a central sectional plan of a plate A, with my recessed stand B
for containing hot water, and my hermetically securing groove or joint C,
which admits of any number of suitable sized common plates being place and
removed therefrom.
Figure 7 is a central sectional plan of a dish A, with my recessed or double

page_text: The hot matters
cover or additional compartment vessel B applied thereon.
placed in either tend to keep each vessel and its contents in a warm state, and
I make these vessels of earthenware or otherwise.
Figure 8 is a central section of a metal dish cover A, of the ordinary kind,
with my extra inner casing B fixed therein, with the space C between the two
to contain hot water, to keep the matters they cover hot, which is poured in
and out at the funnel D. E is the handle for removing, attached to the screw
plug F, which also serves the purpose of stopping the funnel pipe thereof.
a
Figure 9 is longitudinal central sectional plan of an inkstand of the
ordinary kind, with the addition of my groove to hermetically secure it. B is
the groove, and A the cover, formed and applied thereon, as shewn, and those
covers to such like articles prevent the intrusion of dust, and also, to a consi-
derable extent, evaporation of the ink.
Figure 10 is a central section of a small inkstand, with my groove B and
cover A applied thereto, and Figure 11 is a longitudinal central sectional plan
my hermeti-
of a jar or cannister A, made of any suitable materials, inclosed in
cally secured casing or vessel part B, which I make in two parts of earthen-
ware, metal, or any other suitable materials. The lower part has a groove
formed around it, for containing my hermetically securing powder, or other
suitable matters, shewn at C, C, which seals the bottom rim of the cover
part D, which is placed therein and removed therefrom at pleasure.
Figure 12 is a central sectional plan of a like case for containing a milk
jug A, or other vessel; the same letters of reference apply as in Figure 11; and
E, E, are handles for conveniently moving the same; and I find milk and such
like matters to keep good a considerable time when thus secured.
Figure 18 is central sectional plan of a like case applied to secure a pie or
other dish or vessel A; the other parts are the same as in Figures 11 and 12.
Figure 14 is a central sectional plan of a like secure case applied to a
chamber utensil A.
Figure 15 is a longitudinal central sectional plan of my hermetically
secured casing, to serve as a night stool, and containing a night pan or
receptacle A. F is a piece of cloth to sit on, which covers the rim thereof.
This apparatus I form of earthenware or otherwise.
Figure 16 is longitudinal central sectional plan of my hermetically secured
casing applied as a night stool, containing a moveable slop pail or pan A, and
wood rim G, placed thereon, and a piece of cloth F to sit on, which case I
prefer occasionally to mount on casters, shewn at H, and the cover D I form
in two parts, and place therein a washing basin I, with a discharge plug J,
and foul air bent pipe K, to prevent the smell rising from the pan A, which

page_text: receives the water therefrom, which is removed as required in the pail or pan
A. This apparatus I make of tin, zink, or other suitable materials in the
usual way.
Figure 17 is a central sectional plan of a like case containing a slop pail and
pan A, applied to the same use as Figure 16, and is made in like manner, but in
this the cover forms a washing basin I, with a discharging plug J, and a water
jug or vessel L, shewn detached at Figure 18, containing compartments M, M,
for containing the soap, &c. and a rod N to serve the purpose of a horse for
suspending the towel on, and O is a cock for drawing off the water therefrom.
Figure 19 is a central sectional plan of a covered pan A, which can be made
to any suitable size or form, for salting or preserving meats or other matters,
with my hermetically securing groove or joint B and cover C. Figure 20
is a central sectional plan of a dish and cover of the like description to
Figure 19, for containing butter or other like matters. And Figure 21 is a
central cross sectional plan of a milk pan A, made of any suitable material
in the usual way, but with my groove B formed around the rim thereof,
to secure the cover C air-tight. D is a hole for pouring off the water or
other fluid used in the groove for forming the joint, which fluid is kept in the
groove by a cork applied at D, which is removed and the water drained out
of the groove previously to pouring off the milk. I find milk or other matters
keep good a considerable time when thus secured. Figure 22 is a central
sectional plan of a barrel or cask A, with my groove joint B applied or formed
at the end thereof out of the wood at the back of the last hoop or by a grooved
iron or other hoop or recess, formed of wrought or cast iron, as shewn at C, C,
Figure 23, which I apply in lieu of the last hoop to all such vessels, observing
that the bottom parts fit closely to the outside of the vessel, and, if necessarly,
I apply a little adhesive composition, as paint or other suitable matter, before
I fix on the grooved or last plain hoop. Figure 24: D is the cover with the
metal flange E, E, fixed thereon, which enters the groove C, which contains my
powder or other suitable matter, and the casks or other vessels so constructed
are hermetically secured. Figure 25 is a longitudinal central section of a pail
or tub, or other vessel, A, with my improvements of three or more casters B,
formed on or rivetted to the bottom part or hoop, as shewn at Figure 26 or
otherwise, so that a person kneeling can easily remove those vessels to any desired
place by the handles C, C. D is a bracket or shelf placed losely on the top
rim of the vessel, for taking the soap, cloth, or brush when out of the hand.
Figures 27 and 28 sufficiently shew my knife and fork rest. A is the vessel
for taking the points thereof and prevent their coming in contact so as to
injure or soil the table cloth, &c. The figure of a dog, or any other con-

page_text: venient form, B, is for receiving the handles thereof. Those articles I make of
earthenware, glass, metal, or other suitable materials, and I occasionally place
in those vessels or trays a knife rest of the common kind in use, as shewn
at C, Figure 29.
Having thus explained the above parts of my Invention, it will obvious to
a practical man that any variety of form can be given to such like articles,
and I will here state, that my Invention relates to the methods herein described
however formed or applied.
The fifth head or claim of my Invention relates to improvements to fenders
and fireplaces, so as more effectually to serve the double purpose of a fender
and fire-guard. Also improvements in fire-irons, coal scuttles, trays, or baskets,
and similar articles; also to ash boxes in fire-grates, with a revolving per-
forated cover or or sifter and flanges for fenders; also to improved substitutes
for the italian iron, or frill setter, &c., to be heated by an iron heater with or
without hot liquid, and the heating, on similar stands and heaters, tea, coffee,
or shaving pots, egg roasters or boilers, and such like vessels; also to methods
of mounting box irons or similar articles on rollers for ironing, or to serve
the purpose of mangling, &c., which of part of my Invention will be well
understood from the following descriptions and references to the several
Drawings of the same.
Plan 2, Division 5.-Figure 1 is an elevation of a fender, serving more
effectually the purpose of a fire-guard, by the addition of one, two, or more
sliding parts, A, A, mode to the form of the lower part B, so as to come
even on the inside thereof, and when it is desired to guard the fire more
securely, they are lifted up by the hand or otherwise into the position shewn,
and are held there by the springs C, C, and pins D, D, D, D, which are
rivited to the top of each part or fender, and slides in the slots E, E, E, E,
and when not required in this position the springs C, C, are pushed back by
the finger, and the part A, A, descends again even with the lower part B.
make these articles of any suitable materials in the usual way.
I
Figure 2 is a central longitudinal sectioned plan, and Figure 3 is an eleva-
tion of my new coal seuttle, so formed that the coals, &c. can be discharged at
either end thereof, by the hands being applied to the bow handle, and to either
of the handles B, B. C is a foot riveted, soldered, or otherwise fastened to
the upper part D, which upper part I prefer to make out of one piece of metal
plate in the way dish covers or such like articles are made of any suitable
metal. And I occasionally make them without the foot C, and apply them as
a tray or basket for any other suitable purpose.
Figure 4 is an elevation of a poker of the ordinary kind, with my sliding

page_text: metal socket and ball A thereon, for the more conveniently breaking the knobs
of coal, and when used for that purpose the ball A is slided down on the
part B, and when not required to be so used, the ball is slided back again into
the position shewn, and held there by the spring pin C.
Figure 5 is an elevation of a pair of tongs A, with my addition of a fulcrum
pin, hinge joint, and spring B, for the purpose of holding the limbs C firmly
without pressure of the hand thereon; when in use the hand presses down the
lever part D, which slides in a groove formed in the cross bar E, and opens the
parts C, so as to take hold of the substance intended, when by easing the
pressure, the elastic form of the spring B presses down the part F, and holds
the substance firmly, and is losened by the hand again pressing down the end
of the lever D. Figure 6 is an elevation of tongs with my fulcrum pin, hinge
joint, and spring D. The only difference in this example from Figure 5
is, that the elastic force of the spring acts on the under side of the lever part
at D, in lieu of the part F, as shewn. Those articles are made in the usual
way of the ordinary materials.
Figure 7 is a central sectional part of my dust or ash box A, which
I make the size and form to suit the ash holes or recess of fire-grates.
The ashes, &c. fall on the moveable perforated top plates or sifter B,
which revolves on the pin and socket C, to which motion is given by the
hand being applied to the handle D, which occasions the finer part of the
ashes to fall through the perforations or sieve part of the box A, and leaves
the cinders on the plate B in a fit state to be thrown on the fire.
a flange or rim which serves the purpose of a fender. Those articles I
make of sheet iron or other suitable materials in the usual way.
E is
Figure 8 is a longitudinal central sectional plan of my substitute for the
italian iron, which I perform by hot water or other suitable liquids poured into
the moveable vessel part A, which is formed of tin or other metal, which
liquids also fill the sockets B, of which there can be four of the same or
different sizes or forms, standing at right angles with each other; the liquid is
poured in and out at the funnel C. D is a heater applied on the stratum of
sand E contained in the stand F; the pressure of the steam generated in the
vessel A, forces the liquid therein up the pipe G, into a sufficient sized funnel
part C, and as the heater becomes cold the liquid falls back again therein, and
when a greater heat is required to the sockets I use liquids for the purpose
which boil at a higher temperature than water; and I occasionally apply tea,
coffee, or shaving pots, and egg roasters or boilers, or other vessels, on
portable stands and heaters of a similar description. Figure 9 is a central
sectional plan of a modification of Figure 8, and operates in like manner.

page_text: In this two horizontal tubes are employed; the circular tin vessel A and
the tube B are filled by the liquid at the funnel C and pipe D. The
heater H, Figure 10, is applied horizontally in the socket I, and occasions
the effect before described. Figure 11 is a central sectional plan of a tube,
with a hollow ball at the extreem end, which form I occasionally apply as one
of the tubes to such apparatus, and which, as well as the other forms, I make
of brass, iron, or other suitable metal in the usual way. Figure 12 is an
elevation shewing my method of heating solid pieces of metal or tubes filled
with sand or other suitable matters for the purposes of the italian iron. A is
the metal stand. B, a socket to receive the solid rod or tube C and heater D,
shewn also in elevation detached at Figures 13 and 14. In this arraingement
one end of the rod or tube is heating whilst the other end is in use, and when
cold a slight blow is applied to that end, and it is forced back under the
heater in the socket, the hot end being projected for use at the opposite side,
and stopped at the proper length by the pin E coming in contact with the
inside of the socket. Figure 15 is an iron rod for applying or removing the
heaters. Figure 16 is a central sectional plan of box iron A mounted on my
rollers B, B, the axles of which turn on pins bearing in the side of the cases
thereof. These rollers and the part C are heated by the moveable heater D,
shewn detached at Figure 17. The handle and cover part E are removed at
pleasure, or held on the heater by the turn-buckle pin F; when those articles
are made of a large size for the purpose of mangling, I move them to and
fro on the article or fabrick by a long handle attached to a hinge joint and
socket applied as shewn at G.
Having thus described the nature of the above parts of my Invention, it
will be seen that the methods or means stated can be variously applied, but I
will here mention that my Invention relates to the application of the same or
any modification therof to such and similar articles.
The sixth head or claim of my Invention relates to the application of heat
so as to dissolve tallow or concrete oils, keeping them fluid so as to burn in
any lamps of suitable form. Also to methods of forming durable wicks made
with a number of capillary tubes through them, so as continually to supply
the upper end or burner part thereof with the above or any inflamable fluid.
Also to the filling metal tubes or other cases with porus absorbing matters to
serve similar purposes, and the use of tubes filled with porus matters, or tubes
or rods made of porus suitable materials for the purpose of lubricating, and
to modes of admitting air to floating burner lamps. Also to the making of
earthenware candlesticks with match boxes, and with or without rough surface
covers to give friction thereto; and also to pressing or consolidating candles.

page_text: This part of my Invention will be readily understood by the following
lescription and references to the several Drawings, fully shewing the methods
and application above alluded to.
Plan 2, Division 6.-Figure 1 is a longitudinal central perspective section
which will explain the principle or methods of my improvement. The upper
part or reservoir of the lamp A is made movable to admit of placing in or
removing my heater B, which I apply to melt the tallow, &c. before the lamp
is lighted, so as to allow it to flow freely to the burners C, C, which mode
forms one of the noveltics of my improvements. D is a stratum of sand
placed in a cavity between a double bottom to keep up uniformity of heat.
The heater I form of solid metal or hollow, as shewn G, Figure 3, to contain
fine particles of ground or a piece of solid pumice stone, on account of its
lightness, or other suitable stone or sand can be used. Those heaters are
reheated and placed as required; or I occasionally apply metal rods E, E,
which conduct the heat received from the flame of the lamp to the tallow, &c.
contained in the reservoir A. The ends of those conductors descend to the
bottom of the reservoir, as shewn, which, after the tallow or concrete oils or
other suitable inflamable matters are rendered fluid in the first place by the
application of my heater, those conducting rods keep it in that state. Figure 2
is a longitudinal central sectional plan of a further modification of the same
method with one burner, and without the conducting rods. A is the reservoir
made of glass or other suitable materials. B, my heater resting on the
stratum of sand H, which is placed in the stand J. The air enters at K, and
passes up the tube I to the burner C. Figures 5 and 7 are longitudinal
central sectional plans of lamps of the ordinary kind, for burning any suitable
inflamable liquid, with my durable wick applied thereto, which is shewn in
perspective at Figure 8. Those wicks can be made of various materials; but
I prefer to form them of alluminous earths and burn them into what is known
by potters as buiscuit ware; and I occasionally make them to represent various
colored candles with a number of small absorbing or capillary tubes formed
through them, as shewn on the upper end or rim T. Those hollow wicks I
form as follows:-Figure 9 is a perspective elevation of the apparatus. A is
a mould made of plaster of Paris or otherwise in two parts held together by
the brass ferrules B, B, perforated with holes at each end, as shewn at C, to
pass small wires or threads through them to each opposite corresponding
hole in each the ferrules, so that when the liquid clay or similar suitable matter
is poured in at the funnel D it fills the hollow of the mould, passing through
holes formed in the metal pipe attached thereto, shewn at E, which filling holes,
when the mould is in use, are pushed down below the top surface of the

page_text: ferrule C, and when the clay or suitable matter in the mould is sumciently set
the small wires or threads are drawn out, and the absorbing or capillary
tubes are thus formed. The pipe part E is then taken out, which forms the
tube G, and the wick is then delivered from the mould in the form shewn at
Figure 8, and are dried and burnt into buiscuit ware in the ordinary way,
and are then fit for use. When I form the absorbing or capillary tubes with
small threads, I occasionally leave them in the green materials until they are
destroyed in the burning, and the tubes are so formed. Figure 10 is an
elevation shewing a cylindrical rod formed of the like materials, with my
absorbing or capillary tubes T formed there through, and I apply a ferrule
of perforated tin V at the bottom to admit the inflamable liquid when placed
therein to pass freely to the absorbing or capillary tubes. Figure 11 is an
elevation of my double tin or other metal or glass case with the space G to
be filled in even with the top thereof, as shewn, with fine ground particles
The liquid
of porous buiscuit ware or other suitable absorbing matter.
inflamable matters pass through the finely-perforated parts of the external case
R to the porous absorbing materials placed therein, and is carried up thereby
in regular supply, by absorption or capillary attraction, to the top thereof and
is there ignited; and I occasionally japan those metal tubes in various colors
to represent candles, and also manufacture the external case of glass of various
colors. Those conducting matters are easily placed in or removed from the
double case as required at the open top. Figure 12 is an elevation of a
cylindrical metal case filled with the like porous absorbing matters, and
finely perforated at the lower end R to admit the inflamable liquid wherein
those articles are placed to pass freely.
Figure 13 is a cross central section, and Figure 14 an elevation, shewing my
methods of applying bent metal siphon tubes A, A, filled with the above or
similar suitable absorbing particles, or with cotton, wollen, or other suitable
fibrous materials, which bent siphon tubes when thus filled are covered at each
end with a finely perforated conical or other formed tightly fitted cover, and when
I apply my means to the lubrication of the joints and bearings of machinery, I
pass the lower conical or other formed end of the siphon tube through a socket
formed in a small recess, as shewn at B, B, the other shorter end or arm C dip-
ping in the oil or other liquid in the vessel D, and when the machinery is not in
work those bent siphon tubes are removed. In some cases, in lieu of removing, I
apply a tightning screw, as shewn at G, Figure 15, to stop off the supply. I
apply my method for dropping water on a grindstone, or for sawing stone, and
similar uses, and for methods of filtration, described in the seventh head of this
Specification. Figure 6 is a longitudinal central section of a lamp containing

page_text: my floating wick A, A, and my methods of supplying air to keep up ignition.
B is an air-tight cavity or case, formed of tin or other metal or material, so as
to float on the inflamable liquid in the reservoir C. The air passes up the
tube D into the close dome-formed pipe or part E, and descends therein, and
passes through the pipes F, F, and through the wick or burner A. Those
floating wicks are removed and replaced as occasion requires. Figure 16 is a
central sectional plan of my earthenware candlestick, with my recess or match
box A and rough surface cover B applied thereon, as shewn, for giving friction
to the matches. Figure 17 is a transverse sectional plan of a metal mould
for pressing or consolidating candles of any kind, which process renders them
more uniform in size and durable in burning. A is the tube or hollow apper-
ture, formed of two flutes or parts, and to the suitable length and size to
receive a candle. B, B, are knife edges, formed on the steel flexible yealding
flute or upper groove part, which I fasten to the platten C of a screw or other
press, which rises and falls parallel, and passes closely into the lower metal
groove or flute D, fixed to or formed in the table or bed of the press E; and
when those two parts or flutes are in contact, they form a cylindrical tube, and
any suitable pressure can be given to candles placed therein by the edges of
the flutes passing within each other. I prefer, for expedition, to use several
pairs of those flutes applied to a press similar to that known by printers as the
Stanopian press; and I prefer to place the candles, before they are consoli-
dated, in a warm apartment, so that they will easily yeald to the pressure
applied without breaking.
Having thus described the methods and apparatus I use, I will here mention
that I claim the same to the full extent of their application.
The seventh head or claim of my Invention relates to filtering water or
other like fluids for culinary, domestic, or other useful purposes; also to a
second method through siphon pipes; also to modes of forming absorbing
articles or surfaces with slices of sponge, or the same material in a comminuted
shape; also to the lining iron pipes with earthenware or glass tubes, and the
application of enamel to the inner surface of iron pipes to prevent oxidation;
also for methods of forming stench traps to prevent the foul air rising from
sculleries and other domestic drains or pipes. The manner in which the same
is performed will be readily understood from the following descriptions and
references, with the Drawings of the same hereunto annexed.
Plan 3, Division 7.-Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section of my
filtering apparatus. The parts are formed so as to be easily put together.
I prefer to make those articles of earthenware. A is the part into which the
matters to be filtered are poured, and is supported by the flange B formed all

page_text: round its external side, and resting on the cover part C; and D is a piece of
woollen or other porus cloth, or a stratum of cotton or other fibrous materials,
of the shape of the bottom of the vessel A, which contains the porous particles
or other filtering materials, and is confined in place by the perforated moveable
cover E. F is an inverted conical-formed vessel, with a flange rin and hollow
perforated groove G formed around the top on the inside, the outer rim of
which rests losely (so as to admit air) on the top part of the lower receiving
vessel H. The bottom part of the vessel A is perforated, as shewn at I, and
is embedded in the filtering materials J. K is a stratum of cotton, woollen,
or other fibrous materials, to confine in place the filtering particles J. The
liquor poured into A descends through the particles in the cloth or fibrous
matters D, and rises through the particles or other suitable materials, and the
stratum of fibrous matters K contained in the inverted conical-shaped vessel F,
and overflow into and through the perforations in the groove G, and finally
into the receiving vessel II, and is drawn off from thence for use at the cock L.
Any customary filtering materials will do, but I prefer half of finely-ground
buiscuit ware, and half of fine-powdered charcoal; or I use sponge reduced
into a comminuted state by a similar apparatus to that used for reducing dye-
woods or other suitable grating surfaces, or I use it cut into thin laminated
pieces by the means used for cutting chaff, or by some other effective mode;
and I place a sufficient quantity to fill the space above alluded to; or I apply a
stratum of those particles or slices of sponge between two thicknesses of any
suitable woven or felted fabric in various thicknesses for filtration or for
absorbing moisture, for purposes where lint or similar materials are now used,
or in any other suitable way; or I smear the surface of suitable firous fabricks
or other materials with dissolved india rubber, or any other strong adhesive
suitable ingredient, and strew it over while in a soft state with the particles of
sponge, so as to stick firmly thereto, and form a coated surface thereon;
or I form the surface by sticking the laminated slices of sponge thereon in
like manner, and those absorbing surfaces are useful for many purposes.
Figure 2 is an elevation of my filtering siphon tube. Those tubes I make of
earthenware, metal, or other suitable materials, in the usual way, and fill them
to within about two inches of each end with suitable comminuted matters, as
described, and then place cotton or other suitable fibrous materials, so as to
confine the particles and fill up the spaces of about two inches at the ends;
and I then apply a tight-fitted perforated conical or other formed cover A, A,
at each end. I occasionally fill those siphon tubes entirely of fibrous, ab-
sorbing, or attracting material; and before I apply it for the purpose of
filtration, I place the tube in the solution to be filtered a sufficient time to

page_text: saturate the filtering materials, and perfectly exclude the air, and fill the inter-
stices or void parts of the pipe. I then suspend the bent tube over the upper
edge or rim of the vessel containing the liquid to be filtered, allowing the short
arm to descend therein when the filtering process commences, running off
at the end of the long arm into any vessel placed to receive it, and can be
stopped by lifting up the siphon tube, observing to stand it in a position with
the two ends upwards to retain the filtering materials in a moist state, and
prevent the air entering the interstices, so as not to require resaturating when
again required for use; or the screw plug B can be turned, which will stop
the process, by pressing on the filtering materials. Figures 7 and 8 are ceutral
transverse sectional plans of my improved form of stench trap or foul air
escape preventer. A is the external cast-iron vessel, which contains water in
the lower part, as shewn at B, as also in the grooves C, C, formed thereon, to
receive the flanges of the hermetically-secured moveable cover D, and by the
immersion of the lower end of the funnel pipe E, the liquid runs through the
perforated moveable cover part F, and discharges itself into the drain or pipe
at the holes G, and when any denser is precipitated the current of water will
carry it off from the lower part B. It is easily set going by taking off the
moveable cover part D. Those formed articles are applied to drains or pipes
in the usual way of other similar articles. It is well known that water pessed
through iron pipes for culinary, laundry, and other purposes, is injured for
those purposes by the continual oxidation or rust formed and given off
from the internal surface thereof. My improvements on those articles aro
as follows:-To line them on the inside with earthenware pipes, glass
tubes, or a coating of enamel, which I perform in the following manner.
Figure 3 is an elevation, and Figure 4 a longitudinal central sectional plan,
shewing methods of applying my internal lining of pipes or tubes to the
inside of iron pipes. A is a cylindrical wood mandril, on which I place
the previously prepared and closely-jointed earthenware or glass tube B
to suit the length and size of the iron pipe G, which is then applied
thereon, with the socket end C downward, which passes on to the lower
projecting part of the mandril D, and the fixed metal stubs E, of about
an eighth of an inch thick, applied so as to keep the iron pipe at an
equal distance from the tubes to allow some adhesive cement to be poured
therein, such as hot liquid pitch, Roman cement, or other suitable setting
composition, which I also pour in a liquid state into the cavity F, which
unites and holds them firmly together. These earthenware pipes or glass
tubes are made in the usual way. I prefer to glaze the inner side of those
made of earthenware, and I find iron pipes of a slighter thickness than are at

page_text: present used will answer the purpose when thus lined. The cleaning and
preparing the surfaces of cast iron and other metal, and the mixing fusible
ingredients so as to form enamel to be applied thereto, is well understood, and
requires no explanation here.
The following part of my Invention relates to the new application of
enamel surfaces to the inner parts or surfaces of iron pipes to prevent the
rust formed thereon from contaminating the water passing through them,
which I accomplish as follows:-Figure 5 is a transverse, and Figure 6 a
longitudinal, central section of an iron pipe A, with my apparatus B for
applying the coating of enamel therein. C is the supporting wood frame
applied at each end of the iron pipe, with the bearing bar D affixed thereto,
which carries the axle E of the apparatus B. After the internal surface of
the pipe has been cleaned, the prepared enamel materials, to about the liquid
consistency of cream, in just a sufficient quantity, is poured into the groove F
of the apparatus, which extends the whole length of the pipe. The winch
handle G is then turned, which discharges the liquid enamel materials placed
in the groove F into the iron pipe, and is distributed over the internal surface
thereof, and the first coat formed by the brush H, and the moveable stroke I,
which is turned round by the winch handle until as near as possible an
uniform thickness or coat is formed thereon, and then the apparatus B is
withdrawn, and the pipe is placed in a moffle oven, kiln, or retort, or other
suitable furnace, and a sufficient degree of heat applied to properly burn the
first coat thereon, which will vary according to the fluxing matter used in the
enamel mixture, which practice and the inspecting of trial pieces from time to
time during the burning operation, will soon teach. The pipe is then with-
drawn, and when gradually cooled, I again apply the apparatus B to the
inside thereof, and distribute another coating of enamel or glaze materials in
the same manner as before described, and when again burnt it is fit for use.
I occasionally apply the glaizing materials in a dry or moist state on the surface
of the first green coat of enamel, so that once burning serves the purpose;
but I prefer the first-described method of producing a perfect glazed surface
by performing it at two operations.
Having thus explained the above parts of my Invention, I would have it
understood that I claim the application herein described of such and similar
materials applied to any such like article.
The eighth head or claim of my Invention relates to the forming of double-
cased warming pans, so that they can be applied to roasting potatoes as
well as warming beds. Also to forms and modes of making portable feet
warmers, and of combining a brazier, umbreller stand, and clothes' horse in the

page_text: same article, and occasionally applying heat to the same; and modes of forming
a brazier and plate warmer in one article to be heated by a heater, or so that
the parts can be heated in like manner and used as separate articles for those
purposes, all which will be well understood by the following descriptions and
references to the several Drawings thereof.
Plan 3, Division 8.-Figure 1, A, is an elevation of my warming pan or
potato roaster, and made with a hinged cover to receive hot coals in the usual
way; but I prefer to about half-fill the pan with sand or particles of pumice
stone, and place potatoes therein, and apply it over any common fire, and then
turn either side of the pan towards the fire so as to roast the potatoes
uniformly, which I find to answer well; and I sometimes use the pan over a
slow fire for roasting potatoes without the sand or similar matters therein; and
I opply hot coals to those pans for warming beds, as usual; but I prefer to
heat the sandy materials over the fire, and then place the pan in a clean
hinged metal envelope, as shewn in elevation at Figure 2, which opens in two
parts, B, B. I then place the part A into the lowermost of them, and then turn
down the upper part of the envelope thereon, and hold the two parts together by
sliding down the ferrule C on the socket parts D, D, which holds all firmly to
the handle E, and it is then in a clean fit state for warming beds, &c.
Figure 3 is an elevation of a portable metal box A formed in the shape shewn
for the convenience of warming the feet, which I perform by filling it with
particles of pumice stone or other sandy matter, and place it over an ordinary
fire by the sliding handle, the end of which is shewn at B, and when
sufficiently heated, I place it in the similar-formed clean tin or other metal
envelope shewn in elevation at Figure 4. The hinged flap C is then closed
and fastened, and it is in a fit state for use, and will continue to give off its
caloric for a considerable time, owing to the slow conducting nature of such
like comminuted matters.
Fig. 5 is a perspective elevation of the lower part of my combination of a
brazier, umbrella stand, or clothes' horse. A is the metal stand; B, the holes
and tray for receiving umbrellas, &c., as shewn; and C is a recess formed to
receive the metal conical-formed vessel D, which opens in two parts by the
hinged joint E, and is held together by the sliding ferrule and handle F. Any
kind of hot liquid, or other suitable matter, can be placed in this vessel; but
I prefer the comminuted materials above explained, and I heat them over any
ordinary fire in like manner, and then apply the vessel and its hot contents in
the recess C. I then place thereon the perforated cover shewn in elevation
at G, Figure 7, the upper part H of which is for hanging damp or other
cloathing, or similar articles, which will quickly dry by the heat thereof. The

page_text: heat is allowed freely to escape therefrom to rarify the air in the apartment.
which it will do effectually without injury to health.
Figure 8 is a longitudinal central sectional plan of my portable brazier or
stand A and plate warmer B thereon, combined in one article, heated by a
C is the
heater, or the same in two separate articles heated in like manner.
heater applied in the recess surrounded by the stratum of comminuted matter, as
shewn at D. The heat ascends therefrom into the plate warmer at the
perforated bottom E, and warms the plates or other articles or matters placed
therein by the supporting metal flange and handle shewn at F, F. In the
central sectional plan, Figure 9, G is a moveable cover to the warmer; and
H, H, are handles for placing or removing the plate warmer on or off the
stand, as shewn; or I apply those plate warmers in like manner, or any other
convenient form of stand containing a heater. I, I, are handles for con-
veniently removing the stand or brazier part A; and when I use it for the
purpose of rarifying the air in apartments only, I apply thereon the perforated
cover shewn in central sectional plan, Figure 10. It will be readily seen by a
practical person that the above apparatus or vessels are susceptible of a variety
of forms and modifications. I will here mention that my Invention relates to
the full use of the methods described, however applied, to such and similar
purposes.
The ninth head or claim of my Invention refers to some of my modes of
applying heat, and holding, suspending, or forming articles of domestic use,
the first of which relates to the formation and application of articles or
vessels to be placed on the feet, or on boots or shoes, or otherwise, for con-
taining suitable hot matters for warming the feet; and the application of
sockets formed in walking sticks, wips, and umbrellas, or the handles of
other articles or tools, for the purpose of containing hot comminuted or solid
pumice stone or other suitable matters, or hot liquids, and the occupation of
such tubes or spaces formed in any such articles, with wine or other drinkable
liquors, or to contain cigars, or match or snuff box, and the occasional
application of a looking-glass in the cover, or some other convenient part
thereof; and the making cigar cases, containing a match or snuff box, rough
surface, and looking-glass, or any two of them in one article or case; and
modes of making cigar trays, with compartments thereto for containing
seperately the cigars, liquids, and rough surfaces, and the application of close
covers to bread or cheese trays or bowls, and also to modes of forming
sandwich boxes, with the additional compartments thereto for containing
liquors, cigars, matches, rough surface for ditto, or looking-glass, or any two
of them, or for other purposes; and modes of making similar metal or other

page_text: formed cases to contain papers or books, and with or without locks or easel
rods thereto, and cleffs for holding books and papers, and apparatus or modes
of making easels for holding and suspending similar articles in any suitable
convenient position. This part of my Invention will be well understood from
the following description thereof, and references to the several plans of the
same.
Plan No. 3, Division 9.-Figures 1 and 2 are perspective elevations of my
clogs, shoes, or hollow cases, made of tin, wood, or other suitable metals or
materials, and made to fit the feet, or any other suitable form, with compart-
ments to contain hot water, comminuted or solid pumice stone, or similar or any
suitable hot matter. A, A, A, A, are hinged covers for placing in or removing
the comminuted or solid heater to and from the cavities formed in the
space B; and when hot liquid only is used for filling this space, I make them
without those hinged covers A, and fill up or discharge the liquid from the
cases at the screw plug C, and I sew leather or other soles to the bottoms of
those clogs or shoes through perforations formed in the projecting rim of the
bottom of the case, as shewn at D, and I occasionally form those cases in two
parts, and hinge them together, as shewn at H. I, I, I, I, are fixed tungs or
straps, with holes to receive the ties for fastening those articles to the feet; or
I sew cloth or leather to the upper parts, as boots and shoes are made, for the
like purpose; and rings or springs can be applied at the bottoms, as customary;
or pattens or toe sockets or heel flanges can be applied to the tops of those
articles in the usual way of making clogs, pattens, or similar articles.
Figure 3 is a central longitudinal sectional plan, and Figure 4 an elevation,
of a walking stick, with recesses or compartments formed therein for containing
hot or cold liquids, or solid or comminuted or other suitable matter, for keeping
the hands warm in cold weather, or containing cigars, or match or snuff box,
and looking-glass, &c., or any two of such like or other suitable conveniences.
A is the lower part of the walking stick, B is the snuff or match box, and C
the bottle or recess part, to contain the liquids or cigars, or other matters,
which is screwed into the lower part A at D. E is a screw cover or handle,
of the like or other suitable form, shewn in section at Figure 17. In this I
fix a looking-glass, and those or similar recesses I form to the handles of
whips, umbrellers, or other suitable haudles, and make them of wood, metal,
bone, or any suitable material. Figure 5 is an elevation of a cigar case A,
with a snuff or match box B, with a rough friction surface C, and looking-
glass D, which is covered by the slide G; or any two of those or other con-
venient articles can be formed in those cases, and I make them of any suitable
material in the usual way. Figure 6 is an elevation of a cigar tray A, A. Bis

page_text: a vessel for containing the splints or lights, or a snuff box. C is a vessel for
containing matches, and D is a rough surface for giving friction thereto. E are
handles for removing the tray. I make those articles of any suitable materials
in the usual way.
And Figure 7 is an elevation of a cheese or bread tray A,
of the ordinary kind, with my close cover B applied thereon or removed at
pleasure by the handle C. Figure 8 is an elevation of my sandwich box A;
B is the cover thereto, and C is the space for containing the liquid; D is the
cork-hole for filling, or the mouth piece for drinking; E is a recess for
containing the matches; F is the cover thereto; G is a rough friction surface
thereon; H is a recess for containing the cigars; I is a cover thereto, with
the looking J fixed thereon; and I make those articles with any two of those
or any similar conveniences applied in the form shewn or otherwise, of tin or
other suitable materials. Figure 9 is an elevation of a similar tin box or
frame, or I make it of other suitable materials to any form, with one or more
compartments or recesses, and occasionally a lock-up cover B, for containing a
book or papers, which are held in place as a book, so as to be conveniently
read, by sliding in each fold of the papers or numbers a narrow strip of wood,
tin, or other suitable materials, as shewn at Figure 10. Those strips are
made the length of the box, and are passed in and through the folds of the
paper at the slots C, C, and held in place thereby or removed therefrom at
pleasure; or in lieu of these strips or laths I occasionally use string for the
same purpose, and prefer those made with india rubber in two parts, fixed to
perforated holes at each end to the edges or rim of the slots or flanges, and as
each number or paper is placed therein, those strings are applied together in
the fold thereof by a fastening hook and eye, as here shewn, and this string
fastening I apply for holding papers to various formed frames. D is the lock
for securing books, &c., placed therein, or I fasten it by other suitable
methods or covers. Figure 11 is an elevation, shewing the back part part of
the box, as closed, and the mode of applying a hinged moving rod or prop E at
the back of such cases, frames, or books, so as to serve the purposes of an
easel; this rod is shewn detached at Figure 12. Figure 13 is a perspective
elevation, shewing my new portable article or methods for holding books, &c.,
open in any position or thickness. A, A, are two hinged revolving pops, which
I slide under the covers of the books when laying open, and B, B, are two
revolving arms; either of them are turned round and down as required into
any position upon the leaves of the book by the thumb-screws C, C, working
in the frame D, and either of those arms can be placed in the leaves or
removed therefrom at pleasure, and when out of use are folded up, as well as
the other parts, by the hinge joints J, J, J, J, and can then, if required, be

page_text: placed in the pocket. They are made of brass or other metal. Figure 14 is
a perspective elevation of my further method of forming metal clefts for holding
papers or other articles, which are placed between the two plates A and B;
the lower part A is fixed to the bottom part of the socket C, the shank of the
upper part B, and up or down in the slot D, moved by the thumb-screw E, or
a spiral wire spring in the socket C, which will hold articles with sufficient
firmness that are placed between the plates A and B. Figure 15 is a central
sectional plan of a stand, with a table top B revolving on the pin and socket
C, and is held in place by the thumb or set screw D. E is a counterpoise
weight sliding on the bar F, for balancing my easel or book holder or
suspender, which is accomplished by the screw support bar G and socket H.
I is the desk part hinged to the top fixed cross bar J, and is held to any
inclined position by the quadrant circular bar K, and thumb set screw L.
M, M, are bent plates, which slide in the inclined slots N, N, for holding the
book open; and P, P, P, are candlestick, inkstand, and powder box applied
to the revolving support bar G. This arrangement of parts allows the easel
to be suspended, twisted round, and held in any suitable position. Figure 16
is a sectional plan, shewing a method of holding the easel part to the edge of
a table or like article, which I accomplish by the clamp Q and thumb-screw R.
Having thus explained these parts of my Invention which are susseptible
of a variety of forms and modifications, I would have it understood that I
claim the combinations described in whatever form produced.
The tenth head or claim of my Invention in culinary utensils or holding or
suspending articles of domestic use relates to articles for mashing, pulverising,
or grinding vegetable matters in a moist or dry state, and the application or
combination of a fork, spoon, or scoop or ladle in one article. Also methods,
or any modification thereof, of forming a knife and fork cleaner in one
portable article, or the use of the parts or principles in two articles for the
like purposes.
Also to modes of forming hinges so as to simultaniously lift
and suspend doors with their opening and at their closing, to fit closely to the
Hoor, and for the combination of a door plate, two knobs, and alarm bell,
uspended, and knocker thereof, so as to operate in one article; and the manner
n which the same is performed will be readily understood from the following
lescription thereof, and references to the several plans, sections, and elevations
f the same.
Plan No. 3, Division 10.-Figure 1 is a central sectional plan, and Figure 2
n elevation of my apparatus for mashing potatoes, or such like pulpy articles
r matters, or any dry vegetable or similar matters. A is the outer vessel or case,
ade of tin or other suitable materials. B is the hopper part for supplying the

page_text: matters to be mashed or ground. C, C, are moveable hinged incline or hopper
planes for cleaning the apparatus, and for conducting the materials in the
rough greater service roller D, which is turned round by the winch E. Fis
a concave rough metal surface plate hinged to the under side of the incline
plane. C and G are a lever and weight suspended thereto, acting on the fixed
fulcrum pin I, which presses a concaved rough surface plate F and the matters
grinding with sufficient force against the rough grater-surface roller D. I is a
brush for keeping the surface of the roller clean, which is held in place by the
thumb-screw pin, as shewn sliding in the slot K. L is a recess for a drawn or
other vessel to receive the matters after being ground. M is a hinged door
for closing the recess, and N is the cover for the top of the apparatus.
Figure 3 is an elevation, and Figure 4 a central transverse section of my
coffee or other vegetable mill, which is a further modification of the above
A is
apparatus, but constructed more suitable for grinding harder substances.
the outer iron case, made and applied or fixed together in parts, as shewn.
B is the hopper. C, C, the incline planes for conducting the matters to the
rough surface roller D, which I prefer to form of a sufficient number of
circular saw plates placed side by side on the axle, which is set in motion by
the winch E. F is a concave rough greater surface, and G a thumb screw,
for setting the same at any required distance from the roller D, so as to grind
coarse or fine at pleasure. M is the drawer for receiving the matters ground,
which is taken out and replaced by the handle N. Figure 5 is an elevation,
and Figure 6 a central longitudinal sectional plan, shewing my combination or
application of a fork, spoon, or scoop or ladle in the same article, which I make
of any suitable materials in the usual way. A is a fork, which can be made
B is my
as shewn, or with a spoon handle or any other suitable form.
additional part, which I make in the form shewn, or in any other to suit the
above-mentioned purposes. It is here shewn in a position to be used as a fork,
but when used as a spoon, &c., the part B is slided down on the prongs of
the fork C, C, C, until the slide, knob, or ferrule fixed on the top of the
shank D, which slides on the stem of the handle, has come down in contact
with the shoulder E, which admits a part of the spoon to project beyond the
points of the prongs, and when not required to be used in this way it is again
slided back into its present position; and I occasionally apply spiral or other
springs to perform the sliding forward or back motion of the spoon, &c., but
for simplicity and economy I prefer the method above shewn. Figures 7 and 8
are elevational plans of my knife and fork cleaner combined in one portable
article. Figure 7 shews the position for cleaning knives on the two sides
and back of the blade at one motion, which are placed with their backs

page_text: downwards between the leathers, which are stuck on to the inner surface of the
chaps A and B, with glue or other adhesive matter. The part B is cast with
and forms part of the stand C, and the chap A is hinged thereto at the
joint D, and a sufficient discretionary pressure is given against the knife blade
by applying one hand to the handle E, which forces the lever F against the
hinged chap A, while the knife blade is being pushed or drawn to and fro
between the chaps by the other hand. G is a recess, with or without
the slide H, for allowing the cleaning powder to pass by degrees there-
from, as required, between the chaps A and B. I is the part of the stand,
also covered with leather, to receive the cleaning powder for cleaning the
forks, which are passed to and fro thereon under the brush, leather, or other
surface part J, which is fixed to the handle part, which is hinged to the
stand K, K, and sufficient pressure given by one hand applied to the handle E.
Figure 8 shews the brush or leather and apparatus in the position described
for cleaning the forks; and I occasionally make the knife and fork cleaners
on the above principle in two separate articles. Figure 9 is a front, and
Figure 10 a back elevational plan of my improved hinge, for simultaniously
lifting, holding, and suspending doors. A and B are the two parts or cheeks
of the hinge, with the knuckle or hinge-joint parts C and D formed thereon,
and are here shewn in the position of shifting, but hinges as they are when the
dcor whereon they are fixed is open, and suspended above the floor. E is my
circular blade or supporting plate, fixed or cast to the front part of the
cheek A and knuckle or hinged part D, and passes through an apperture J,
formed for the purpose in the cheek B, which supporting plate must vary in
size and strength with the weight of the door, and when the door is closed,
the friction roller F, which turns on the axle K, (which axle takes its bearing
at each end in the fixed snugs G, G,) has passed back under the level part of
the suspending plate into the hollow recess H, and under the circular incline
plane part I, formed in the circular bearing plate E, which allows the door
at its closing the drop and fit close on the floor, and at the opening to simul-
taneously rise the height of the circular incline plane and then pass round on a
level above the carpet; and I make the top rabbit of the door jam sufficiently
deep to allow the door to rise the height required, the top rail of which I also
bevel away a little for the purpose, as well as to shew a close joint with the
outer and inner edges of the architrave and jam. Figures 11 and 12 are
elevations of the hinge as it appears when the door is clossd, and those hinges
are screwed on to the door and jam, as shifting butt hinges are fixed, but
with the additional cutting at the back of the hinge to take the bearing blade
or plate, and the projecting recess for the friction roller. Figure 13 is an

page_text: elevation, and Figure 14 a central sectional plan, of my combination of a
door name plate A, and the knob or handle B affixed thereto, for closing the
door, and suspending the bell C to the screw socket D. E is my second knob,
the shank of which passes through a hole formed in the knob B and socket D,
which contains a spring to act thereon, and the end of the shank is attached
to the lever or spring bammer F for striking the bell, which lever acts on the
fixed fulcrum pin G, and when the knob E, having been pulled forward by the
hand, and then let go, the elastic pressure of the spring carries back the
shank attached to the lever, and the hammer F strikes the bell. Thus I form
in one article a name plate, a knob handle for closing the door, and an alarm
bell suspended, which I fix by screw or bolts to the middle part of the door,
as shewn, and I occasionally suspend the bell to a flexable spring, fixed at the
back of the plate or door, and fasten the shank of the central knob thereto,
or otherwise, and I occcasionally apply the addition of a knock to those plates
in the usual way.
Having thus described the above parts of my Invention, I will here men-
tion that I claim the combination of the above parts of my Invention to the
full extent of their application.
The eleventh and last head or claim of my Invention relates so suspending,
holding, or fastening articles of domestic use, the first of which refers to methods
of forming wood poles, or round, square, or other formed metal tubes, or pipes
with a longitudinal slot formed the whole length thereof for balls or buttons
with shanks, hooks and eyes, or rings formed thereto, to slide freely therein,
to suspend articles or fabricks thereto, and to answer all the purposes of
curtains rods, rollers for blinds, or any similar or other suitable purposes; and
the modes of making round or angle-formed plates in two parts, and fixing
them at a distance from each other to the under surface of a beam or any
suitable article to serve the above purposes, or for a path or railway for friction
rollers or wheels or axles or frames to pass in, and to carry an apparatus
thereto for suspending, carrying, or removing articles or goods of all kinds,
and the modes of suspending a box or covered case to carpet bags, reticules,
or similar utensils, with or without locks. Also to forming, sewing, or other-
wise fastening a metal pan or bottom to the lower parts of carpet bags,
and to nose-bags for horses, sacks, or other bags, or similar articles, so as to
form substancial bottoms thereto; and also to modes of fastening stays more
conveniently than by the methods in use; and modes of forming mettal
button holes, and button or hook and eye fastenings in a great variety of
designs, or of any forms where the hook and eye, when in contact, or the two
parts fastening are applied together form a design; and those parts of my

page_text: Invention will be well understood from the following description and references
to the several Drawings of the same.
Plan No. 3, Division 11.-Figures 1 and 2 are elevations of my methods of
suspending articles to hollow tubes or pipes made of metal. A, A, shew the
ends of a tube, which can be of any convenient size or length. B is a hole for
placing a number of balls with a shank and hook, as shewn at C, or with a
shank and eye, as shewn detached at Figure 3. Those balls or other formed
buttons are sliding along the slot D, and carry curtains blinds, pictures, or
other suitable articles suspended by hooks and eyes, formed therein or fastened
thereto in any suitable position. The smaller-sized tubes I prefer to make of
brass or wrought-iron plates, turned in the way gas or other similar tubing is
made, which is well understood, but without holding or brazing together; but
in lieu thereof I have a parallel slot throughout of not less than one eighth of
an inch wide, or larger if required, and those pipes are made of any suitable
size and strength, and are bent round, or are jointed or brazied together at
their angles, so as to be made suitable for any required purpose, and are fixed.
to the place intended by brackets, flanges, or holdfasts in the usual way; and
when those tubes are used for rollers for blinds, the pulleys and axles are
formed; applied, and fixed by plugging or screwing into each end of the tube.
and those slots admit of the blind being pushed aside, as well as being wound
in the ordinary way.
up
Figure 4 is an elevation shewing how wood poles or rods can be made
with my longitudinal aperture and slot throughout for the same purposes.
A is the dail or other suitable wood pole or rod, which I prefer to make
in two pieces, and plane and groove out equally in each the longitudinal
aperture C and slot D, and then glue and pin the two parts together, as
shewn at B. The bail or button, hook or eye, is applied, and the rods or
poles are fixed with holdfasts or brackets, as before described.
Figure 5 is an elevation shewing the end of a circular pipe, or I make them
of other forms, with the slot before mentioned of any suitable size, and the
pipe or tube of any required strength, either in wrought or cast iron or other
metal, with fastening flanges for forming a path or railway for roller or
wheels or axles bearing in frames to travel in, with shanks and suitable appa-
ratus thereto for suspending or removing articles, goods, or matters of all
kinds to or fro by hand, or any motive force. A is the pipe which can be
fixed to flanges cast thereon at intervals to posts or columns, either level or
inclined, or in like position to the under side of a beam, or otherwise suitably
supported. B, B, are friction rollers or wheels which travel or the inside of
the pipe or tube, and turning on the axle pin C, which takes it bearings in the

page_text: metal frame D, D, and suspension bar E, which bar descends to a suitable
length below the pipe, and is carried along the longitudinal slot thereof to any
convenient position or place; and I apply thereto or form thereon a hook, a
rack and pinion, or other convenient apparatus for the lifting, holding, or sus-
pending articles thereto, or for removing them thereby. Figure 6 is an
elevation, shewing two round, or they can be regular shaped, plates of any
suitable size and strength A, A, screwed or otherwise fastened to the
under side of a piece of wood or other suitable support B, and these plates
are fixed at sufficient distance from each other to admit of my longitudinal
slot D between them, and I apply this method to all suitable purposes before
described.
Figure 7 is an elevation shewing a further modification of forming the
aperture square. A is the frame or tube which I screw to the under side of a
beam or otherwise at the holes B; and D is longitudinal slot formed therein.
Figures 8 and 9 are elevations shewing my application of a metal hook
and eye A, A, formed with and at the end of any suitable metal nail B, B,
to be used by driving them into any convenient place for holding or suspending
articles thereto. Figures 10 and 11 shew a hook or eye formed on curtain
rings of the ordinary kinds for like purposes.
Figure 12 is an elevation shewing a carpet bag or other similar article A,
made in the usual way, the bottom of which is nailed or sewn at C to the
cover of my second part, which cover is hinged to the case or box D, and is
suspended thereby, and which part I make of various suitable forms and sizes
of any wood, metal, leather, papea mache, or other suitable materials, and fit
them inside with different compartments to answer various useful purposes, and
thus secure and prevent articles requiring care from getting deformed or
otherwise injured. E shews the lock or other suitable fastening. Figure 13
is an elevation of a small similar box or case applied to a ladies reticule, a
workman's provision box and bag, or similar article in like manner, and the
same references apply as in Figure 12.
Figure 14 is an elevation of a carpet bag A, of the ordinary kind in use,
with the addition of my flanged bottom B, made of tin or other metal or
suitable materials, sewn through perforations made in the stand-up flange,
or otherwise fixed or suspended thereto at C, which preserves the bottoms
from damp and renders all such like articles more durable.
Figure 15 is a central longitudinal sectional plan of a horse's nose-bag,
part A, made of hair cloth or other suitable materials in the usual way, with
tin or other metal pan B at the bottom sewn and suspended thereto
D is the strap for applying it to the head of the animal in the
my
at C.

page_text: usual way. The above articles sufficiently shew the inode of applying my
metal bottom to other bags, sacks, or similar utensils.
The present mode of laceing and fastening stays behind the wearer is from
the position very inconvenient, which my following described mode obviates.
Figure 16 is an elevation of stays A, which are made in the usual way, but
also shew my mode of fastening them in front, and rendering them by the same
means more elastic, which mode entirely obviates the difficulty complained of,
which I accomplish by having a number of pieces of suitable string, laces, or
tapes sewn or tied at suitable distances from each other to each of the backs
parts shewn at B, B, and all of them on each side are made of sufficient length.
to come round from the back to the front of the wearer, passing each other in:
opposite directions, as shewn by the arrows C, C, and each set thereof are
fixed to one part of the elastic straps D, D, which are made in the usual
way of similar straps or laces, and are then fastened thereby to any
sufficient tightness in front of the wearer by either buttons or hooks and
eyes or buckles formed in or fastened to the straps, as shewn, or by
any other suitable mode; and I occasionally make one set of those
elastic or other straps serve the purpose of the two sets now shewn, and
when the stays are to be taken off, the straps are unbuttoned and the
fastening strings pass back between each other, and allow apple room for the.
purpose.
Figures 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22, shew some of my forms, and explain,
together with the following descriptions, sufficiently the forming and appli-
cability of my metal button holes, or my improvements on hook and eye-
fastners or other suspenders. Figure 17: A is an elevation of a button or
hook and eye fastener or suspender, made with a shank, as shewn at C. The
button, hook, or other part can be plain or coverd as usual, of any patern,
figure, or device, and is made, sewn, or fastened to the fabric in similar way
to such articles, which is well understood, or by my means of fastening by pins.
or rivets, as hereafter described. Figure 17: B is an elevation of my new-
formed button hole, which I make of metal or other suitable materials, by
casting in moulds or stamping out of tin plates in dies in the way medals or
similar articles are formed, which is well understood or otherwise; and I make
them of various strengths for different purposes as required, and I occasionally
use only one of those articles to form a button hole, but prefer two of them.
formed precisely in size and form alike, placed opposite to each other on each
side the fabric, and are sewn thereto through the corresponding perforations,
as shewn by the dots on the surface thereof; and, previously to fixing those
articles, I occasionally apply on the surface which comes next to the fabric or

page_text: coat of gum arabic, or other suitable mucilaginous matter, which I allow to
get dry, and then merely wet it before applied; and when fixed by sewing or
riveting, the fabric is cut away, and a clear slot from D to G formed, and the
button or hook shank C enters the slot at D, and passes round to G, and is
fastened or unfastened thereby with great ease and facility. Figures 18, 18,
ditto 19, 19, ditto 20, 20, ditto 21, 21, and ditto 22, 22: A and B are the
parts to cach with the same letters of reference, which form, when together, the
same principle of button hole, or hook and eye, or button fasteners or sus-
penders, as 17, 17, the difference only being the use of different figures to
accomplish the same result, which can be carried to a great or any variety of
suitable plain or ornamental forms.
Figures 23, 23: A and B are elevations shewing my new or improved
method of forming fasteners or suspenders for all kinds of fabric for dress or
for domestic or similar uses, which I accomplish by my two parts or figures,
one forming the hook and the other part the eye, so as when they are applied
together as the fastener or suspender, the two parts form a design or emblem
of business, profession, or representation or allusive picture. A represents a
groom, with his arm C bent to form the hook to be applied through the
eye D, formed by the dropping down of the reins on the head of the figure of
a horse B, as shewn, which two parts applied together form my fastener, and
at the same time represents a design of a groon holding a horse. Those parts
can be fixed to the fabric by sewing or otherwise; but I prefer my method of
fixing, shewn in longitudinal section plan at Figure 49. A shews the figure
or front part. C, C, are the two thicknesses of cloth or other fabric, with the
thin metal or other plate E, Figure 50, between them, of the same or other
suitable form, and to which the front part A is riveted by the pins D, D, D,
or other suitable manner, which are formed on or fixed to the back thereof,
and is passed and riveted through the holes G, G, G, which perforations cor-
respond in number and place to suit and receive the riveting pins D, and are
placed on and fastened by this my method with great strength and facility.
The following Figures are made, and the same letters of reference apply to
the same parts as in Figures 23, 23, which, when together, forms my fastener
and a design, which will also be sufficient to shew that this my principle
or method is susceptible of a vast variety of forms which can be used to
accomplish the same object.
Figures 24, 24: A and B are the two parts; C and D, the hook and eye;
when together form the figure of a gardner and watering pots.
Figures 25, 25 A and B are the parts; C and D, the hook and eye; when
together form a design of an archer and bow.

page_text: Figures 26, 26: A, B, C, D, annexed as above, form a design of a
sailor or soldier defending his flag. Figures 27, 27: A, B, C, D, annexed,
form the design of a huntsman and horse. Figures 28, 28: A, B, C, D,
annexed, form the design of a porter and knot. Figures 29, 29: A, B, C, D,
annexed, form the design of a gentleman with a mantle, scarf, or coat
hung over his arm. Figures 30, 30: A, B, C, D, annexed, form the
design of a baker or other shopman and basket. Figures 31, 31: A, B, C, D,
are sweethearts holding a heart. Figures 32, 32: A, B, C, D, a design of
shepherd, crook, and sheep, by the horn. Figures 33: A, B, C, D, a design,
sailor and anchor. Figures 34, 34: A, B, C, D, a design, dancers or sweet-
hearts. Figures 35, 35: A, B, C, D, a design, helmsman at the wheel.
Figures 37, 37: A, B, C, D, a design of a fox caught by the tail in a trap
fastened to a tree. Figures 38, 38: A, B, C, D, a design of a woman and
basket, pail, or bundle. Figures 39, 39: A, B, C, D, a design of a serpent
round a tree. Figures 40, 40: A, B, C, D, a corn sheaf. Figures 41, 41:
A, B, C, D, a waterman, boat hook, and coil of rope. Figures 42, 42: A, B,
C, D, a boy and hoop. Figures 43, 43: A, B, C, D, a harper and harp.
Figures 44, 44: A, B, C, D, a serpent and eagle. Figures 45, 45: A, B,
C, D, sweethearts, or reaper and mower. Figures 46, 46: A, B, C, D, &
lamplighter and ladder. Figures 47, 47: A, B, C, D, a marshal & cloak
or scarf. Figures 48, 48: A, B, C, D, a reaper and bundle of corn.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would have it under-
stood that I do not claim any of the mechanical parts of the apparatus herein
described separately considered, nor any of the parts of my compositions,
cements, or fuels separately taken, but what I claim is,—
First, the combination of mechanical means and apparatus for preparing,
cohering, saturating, and moulding the several fuels and the cement as
herein described, and the application of the same to the manufacture and
moulding of plastic articles generally, as herein also described. Also the
combinations and methods herein described, or any modification thereof,
for manufacturing from rezin, wax, pitch, tar, asphaltum, camphor, or
other vegetable or mineral salts or acids fit for the purpose, or any similar
substance or matters, in whatsoever proportion, mixed with tallow, oil, or
inflamable spirits or inflamable liquids, as herein described. Also for the
methods of wholly or partially saturating with the same charcoal, coke, or
crude concreted or comminuted or other materials fit for fuel, and the methods
of keeping the same at a proper temprature during the manufacturing
process, as herein described. Also the methods herein described, or any
modification thereof, of charring sawdust, wood, peat, turf, &c., and of

page_text: ratus.
collecting and preserving the volatile products therefrom in suitable appa-
Also the combining anthracite and bituminous coal for burning into
coke, herein alluded to. Also the combinations and methods herein described
for compounding and solidifying comminuted combustible materials, and the
methods of heating such or similar materials by the heat of coke ovens or
other suitable fires, as herein described. Also the use of fusible or fluxing
ingredients and combination of other suitable materials, and the methods
herein described for manufacturing cement, and especially the modes of
calcining the same, whether such cement be applied in the manufacture
of artificial fuels, as described, or for building or other purposes. Also the
forming of cohering combustible matters into masses with cements or alu-
minous earths, street dirt scrapings, or other suitable plastic matters in
a cold state, as described. Also the methods herein described of combining
and forming quick ignifying masses, and the use of boxes or baskets for
packing small quantities of fuel, as herein described. And also the combi-
nations described of tea kettles, coffee pots, or similar vessels and stands, and
the application of hermetically secured joints, and the methods of heating
such articles by means of artificial fuel, as set forth in the first division of
the Plans and Specification.
Secondly, I claim the several modes and methods of constructing and
filling coffee or tea pots, urns, kettles, or similar utensils, and the more readily
attaching them to a boiling vessel, so that the water is passed through the coffee,
Also the modes of
tea, &c., by the pressure of steam generated therein.
applying heaters or stands, and a stratum of sand or similar non-conductor of
heat, to such articles. Also the modes described of forming such vessels of
earthenware, and suspending the coffee or tea therein, and applying the same
to pedestals or stands with heaters or lamps, and a stratum of suitable non-
conducting matters. Also the methods of heating pots, kettles, or similar
vessels in stands or envelopes, with or without flues or flanges, to facilitate their
boiling. Also the construction of coffee or shaving pots or warmers with flues
around them so as they can be readily heated. Also the modes of forming
flues around stew or frying pans, pots, kettles, or similar vessels, to facilitate
their boiling, and the application of a copper bottom to all culinary vessels used
for boiling, &c., as set forth and described in the second division of the Plans
and Specification.
Thirdly, I claim the methods of making portable ovens or similar articles,
or any modification thereof, to be heated over ordinary fires or otherwise.
Also the modes of placing, removing, and hermetically securing the covers
thereof, and of other like articles. Also the combination, or any modification

page_text: thereof, for baking, boiling, or cooking with steam at the same time. Also the
apparatus and methods for roasting coffee. Also the modes described of
toasting or broiling or turning any small matters before the fire, as described
and set forth in the third division of the Plans and Specification.
toast racks.
Fourthly, I claim the application of heaters on stands, with the other parts
explained, made of earthenware or suitable materials, to heat culinary. Also
a recess for hot water. Also the application of hermetical joints and covers to
Also a stand, recess, and water joint to suit a succession of
culinary plates. Also the formation of double vessels or double covers to
dishes and similar articles. Also the modes of hermetically securing all kinds
of culinary, domestic, chemical, or any suitable articles, by applying a dry
powder in grooves formed thereto. Also the enclosing of any culinary,
domestic, or chemical, or suitable article, in seperate vessels or cases, made in
two or more parts; and the application to the same of my before-mentioned
hermetically securing joint, and the application of similar joints to milk pans.
Also the combination of my hermetically secure case as a night stool, with
other conveniences, in one portable apparatus. Also a like secured case
formed of earthenware to the purpose of a night stool containing a pan. Also
the application of a groove and powder, or plastic or other suitable matter, to
form hermetically secure joints to the heads of casks, canisters, or such like
articles. Also the application of casters, extra handles, or brackets to
slop pails, pans, or tubs. Also the modes of forming vessels to receive
figures attached or placed therein, to form knife and fork rests, as described
and set forth in the fourth division of the Plans and Specification.
Fifthly, I claim the methods of forming fenders to fireplaces to serve the
double purpose of confining the ashes and guarding the fire. Also the
improvements to fire irons. Also the modes of forming ash boxes to the
recesses of fire-grates. Also the modes of forming and heating articles or
substances for the italian iron, with heater for heating fluids therein, and the
methods of forming an apparatus whereby one end of a moveable solid rod or
tube can be heating whilst the other end thereof is in use as an italian iron.
Also the combination and use of mounting irons on rollers heated by an iron
heater, hot liquids, or sand. Also the application of a long handle to such
ike articles, or any modification thereof, as described and set forth in the fifth
livision of the Plans and Specification.
Sixthly, I claim the full use and application and application of heaters to
amp. Also the occasional application of ground pumice stone, or other fine
particles. Also the making durable wicks. Also the forming durable wicks
by filling metal tubes or other cases with porous absorbing matter. Also the

page_text: use of bent siphon tubes filled with suitable absorbing particles or fibrous
materials for lubricating purposes generally. Also the application of heaters
to lamps so as to liquify tallows, oils, or other concrete matter, or other suitable
fluids, so that they flow freely to the burner. Also the methods of forming
floating burners to lamps, and of admitting air to keep up ignition of the same.
Also the combination of earthenware candlesticks with recesses or match
Also the
boxes with smooth or rough covers to give friction to the matches.
methods of pressing or consolidating candles, and any incdification of the
same, as described and set forth in the sixth division of the Plans and
Specification.
Seventhly, I claim the apparatus for filtering water or other fluids, and the
full use of bent siphon tubes, when filled with absorbing, porous, or other
filtering materials, and the application of comminuted or laminated sponge for
the same purpose, and to form absorbing and other useful articles or surfaces.
Also the forming and making and methods of applying stench traps to drains
or pipes. Also the lining of the insides of iron pipes with earthenware or
glass tubes, or coating with enamel the insides of iron pipes for conveying
water or other fluids for culinary, domestic, or any other suitable purposes, so
as to prevent oxidation, or any modification of the methods, as set forth and
described in the seventh division of the Plans and Specification.
Eighthly, I claim the modes described of making metal articles for roasting
potatoes with or without sand or similar matters, and with or without inclosing
such or similar articles in clean metal cases for bed warming pans. Also the
methods of forming double metal cased feet warmers, and the application
thereto of heated pumice stone or sand or suitable matters. Also the nodes
of combining in one article a brazier, umbrellar stand, and clothes' horse, to be
used together or separately, and the methods of applying heat thereto. Also
the modes of forming or applying a brazier or plate or dish warmer in one
article, to be heated by a heater or hot comminuted material, or so that the
parts can be heated and used seperately, or any modification thereof, as
described and set forth in the eighth division of the Plans and Specification.
Ninthly, I claim the methods of forming clogs, pattens, shoes, or feet
warmers, and the use of the comminuted or solid pumice stone, or other solid or
comminuted matter, or hot water or other hot solution to such articles. Also
the constructing of sockets in walking sticks, whips, or umbrella handles, or
the handles of other suitable articles or tools, for containing hot matters or
drinking liquors, cigars, snuff, or match box, looking-glass, or rough friction
surface, or other similar useful purpose. Also the making cigar cases containing
a snuff or match box, a rough friction surface, and a looking-glass, or any two

page_text: of such like convenient recesses or articles. Also the modes of making cigar
trays with compartments. Also the application of covers to bread or cheese trays,
and the forming sandwich boxes with compartments. Also the construction of
cases with or without locks for securing books or parts thereof, or papers, and
the mode of holding therein, and the propping or holding such like articles in
au inclined position. Also the modes of making articles for holding books
open and clefts for holding papers, &c. Also the combination of easel with
the methods of attaching the parts, and turning and holding them in any
suitable position, or any modification of the above articles or methods, as set
forth and described in the ninth division of the Plans and Specification.
Tenthly, I claim the two apparatus for washing, grating, or grinding vege-
table matters in a moist or a dry state. Also the combination of a fork and
spoon or scoop or ladle in the same article. Also the constructing and com-
bining a knife and fork cleaner in the same article, or separate. Also the
combination of hinge herein-described, by which the door whereon it is fixed is
simultaniously lifted above the carpet with the opening thereof. Also the
combination, use, and application of door, name-plate, two knobs, and alarm bell
suspended thereto, in one article, with or without a knocker, as described in
the tenth division of the Plans and Specification.
Eleventhly, I claim the methods of forming and applying wood poles
or metal tubes with apertures and longitudinal slots for balls or buttons
with shanks, hooks, eyes, or rings to slide freely therein, to suspend articles
or fabrics, and to form curtain rods or rollers for blinds, and the mode
of making round or angular formed metal plates to serve the above purposes,
or to form a railway for friction rollers for suspending or removing articles or
goods, and the use of round, square, or other formed metal pipes, with slots
for the same purposes. Also the application and construction of a box or
covered case with locks or other fastenings to carpet bags, reticules, and like
articles, or a metal pan or bottom to lower parts of carpet bags, or to nose bags
for horses, and similar articles. Also the modes of fastening stays from back
to front of the wearer. Also the modes or methods of forming metal button.
holes and hook-and-eye fastners, and the use of any figures to form the hook
or eye, so that when applied together the two parts form an emblem of
business or profession, or allusive picticture, or any modification of the above
principles or methods, as described and set forth in the eleventh and last
division of the Plans and Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Smith, have hereunto placed my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-six.
CHARLES (L.S.) SMITH.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fifth day of September,
in the tenth year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said
Charles Smith came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and
acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein con-
tained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument!
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the
fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.