Year: 1885

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 29th day of June 1887, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
1, LEVI HOFFMAN THOMAS, residing at 59, Michigan Avenue, Chicago in the
County of Cook, and State of Illinois, in the United States of America, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to vessels or packages paper bottles intended to contain
liquids of a corrosive nature such as ink, liquid blacking liquid blueing and other
liquids which have heretofore been stored in vessels of glass, porcelain, earthenware or
analogous vessels made of material unaffected by the contents thereof.
Such vessels are however not only very heavy thereby enhancing the cost of
transportation but they are very brittle and liable to break either during the filling
or in packing, shipping or handling.
The invention also relates to vessels or packages intended to contain non-
corrosive liquids such as liquid blueing and others that are apt to soil or injure
anything they come in contact with and which have heretofore been stored in
vessels of the character above described which are too brittle and readily broken or
in metallic vessels which latter however are unfit for storing such liquids for any
length of time owing to the oxidizing action of the liquid on the metal.
The invention also relates to vessels or packages intended to contain solids in a
pulverulent state of a corrosive-or-non-corrosive nature which have heretofore been
stored in glass, porcelain, earthenware, wood, metal or ordinary paper vessels or
packages either liable to break or become torn in handling or shipping and either
too heavy or not strong enough for ordinary wear or in which packages or vessels
the contents are liable to become affected by moisture.
The object of my invention is to dispense with the materials enumerated for
storing the substances described and provide a light, cheap, and at the same time
strong vessel bottle impervious to liquids and indifferent to the corrosive action of the
liquids or solids referred to.
The invention consists in a vessel or package My improved paper bottle is made
of paper or paste-board or two or more layers of paste-board or card-board, or
of papier muché, or pulp or of any suitable-paper steek having its interior coated
with pitch.

page_text: In carrying out my invention it will be understood that I do not limit myself to
any particular form of vessel as this form or configuration may be varied almost
infinitely und must necessarily vary according to the substance, liquid, or solid
stored therein, or necording to the uses of the vessel or package may somewhat vary
the form of the bottle in accordance with the nature of the liquid which it is to be specially
adapted to contain.
Various means may be provided for filling and closing the vessels or packages
and for removing the contents thereof, and I have devised very convenient, simple,
and efficient means for vessels intended to contain liquids such as liquid blueing for
instance for removing the contents for use I have also devised convenient, simple
and efficient means for protecting the stopper or other means of closure for such
vessels or packages from accidental removal, either in packing, shipping or handling
as will be hereinafter fully described.
In the construction of my paper vessels bottles I may also combine with the body
thereof a top and bottom of some other material, such as wood or metal though for
general use I prefer to make the entire vessel or package bottle of one of the materials
Hereinabove described.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure, 1, is a vertical section of a vessel or bottle adapted to contain ink or
other liquid.
Figure, 2, is a like view of such a vessel provided with means for protecting the
closing devices of the vessel as well as the pouring devices from injury or accidental
displacement.
Figure, 3, is a like view of a package intended to contain either a solid or a liquid
provided with means for protecting the closing devices or stopper from accidental
displacement.
Figure, 4, is also a vertical section of an ordinary inkstand provided with means
for protecting the closing devices or stopper from accidental displacement, said
means serving at the same time as a pen-rack.
Figure, 5, is also a vertical section of a vessel or bottle adapted to contain
liquids requiring to be used in small quantities, such as liquid blueing.
Figure, 6, is also a vertical section of a bottle having its bottom and top made
of wood.
In the manufacture of my improved vessels, packages, or bottles I preferably
employ a heavy paper or thin paste-board and according to the nature of the
material to be stored in such vessels or packages or bottles, I employ two or more
thicknesses of such material.
The
The paper may be rolled upon itself to form the cylindrical body of the bottle.
bottom may be inserted and then the top, and the interior of the bottle finally coated with
pitch.
In the above drawings,―
A, indicates the vessel, package or bottle which has an interior coating or
lining, a, of pitch or with a compound, of which pitch constitutes the essential
part.
As shown in figure, 1, the top, B, and bottom, C, are of increased thickness.
In the top, B, of the bottle is formed an opening for the reception of a tubular
neck, D, which may be a tube of metal, wood or paper having also an interior
coating, d, of pitch or a pitch compound and to said neck is secured a spout or
lip, d, which may also be made of metal or of paper coated with pitch.
E, is the stopper adapted to fit the neck, D.
Cork stoppers have heretofore been almost exclusively used in bottles er-vessels
made of a hard unyielding or non elastic material, such as glass, earthen-ware etc.
not only on account of the unyiolding nature of the material but on account
of the fact that the interior surface of the necks intended to receive the stopper
is usually irregular and requires a stopper made of an elastic material to form a
tight closure.
With my improved bottle or vessel in which the surfaces in contact with the

page_text: stopper are very smooth and regular I am enabled to employ the cheaper stopper, E
for the reason that the coating of pitch provides an yielding or elastic cushion or
surface by means of which not only a tight joint can be obtained but a greater
degree of frictional cohesion is afforded for the contacting surfaces whether the
opening or neck for the reception of the stopper is made of wood or metal, or of
paper board.
When of the latter construction a perfectly tight joint is obtained, owing to the
elastic or yielding nature of the material itself and when metal or wood is
employed for the neck of a bottle, I preferably provide the wooden stopper, E,
with a coating of paraffine or of pitch, e, thus imparting to both the contacting
surfaces a sufficient degree of elasticity to form an absolutely tight joint.
The vessels, packages or bottles may be filled either through the opening in the
top or head, B, or through the neck or through an opening, c, in the bottom of the
vessel, as shown in figure, 1, said opening being afterwards closed by means of
a disc, c', of the same material as the body of the vessel and also coated with
pitch.
This disc may be sprung or otherwise secured in place, its pitch coated periphery
forming a perfectly tight closure and the surface of the bottom of the vessel may
be then coated with a varnish or an adhesive substance such as glue if desired.
In figures, 2, 3, and, 4, I have shown vessels provided wth an upwardly projecting
flange, A', forming a seat for the reception of a cover, F, to protect the stopper or
other means of closure or the pouring lip from injury or accidental displacement
and also serves as a drip cup to receive any of the liquid dripping from the spout,
pen or other device for removing such liquid.
This flange, A', forms an integral part of the body of the vessel and is obtained
in a very simple manner, namely, either by fixing the head of the vessel some
distance below the upper edge of the body or by using an outer sheet or layer or
layers of paper or paste-board, of sufficient length to project the required distance
above the body proper or above the body and neck of the vessel or bottle to receive
the cover, F.
In this construction a shoulder, A2, is also formed between the outer layer or
sheet that forms the flange, A', and the inner layer or layers or sheets to which the
top or the top and neck of the vessel may be readily secured.
As shown in figure, 4, the flange, A¹, is or may be notched on diametrically
opposite sides as at, a', thus serving as a pen-rack or brush rest, the pen or brush
being securely held in the notches, a¹.
The stopper, E, for the ink-stand is of wood coated either with paraffine or
pitch preferably the latter and may or may not have an ornamental head or
knob, e.
In figure, 5, I have shown a vessel of cylindrical form adapted to contain liquids
or pulverulent solids that are-used either in limited or minute quantities.
The head or top, B, is provided with one or more small openings or with a
nipple, b, either of wood, metal, or rubber having a narrow axial opening, b¹,
which opening or the opening or openings in the head itself may be normally
closed by one or more wires or pegs of wood, 62, coated with pitch.
In figure, 6, I have shown a bottle such as are ordinarily used for holding ink,
the top, B, and bottom, C, of which are made of wood, the neck, D, of metal and
seated in an axial opening formed in said wooden top and provided with a pouring
lip or spout d', the stopper, E, here employed being also of wood and coated either
with paraffine or pitch or a compound of which pitch constitutes the essential
ingredient.
The coating of the vessels, packages or bottles, with pitch may be is best effected
in any desired manner in practice I liquefy by liquifying the pitch or pitch compound
by means of heat and then filling the completed vessel with the hot liquid and then
pouring it out again thus leaving the interior of the vessel, package or bottle
sufficiently coated for the purposes described.
The coating may also be effected by filling the vessel; package or bottle with

page_text: the hot liquid pitch or pitch compound before the head or top, B, is affixed thereto
and then secure the latter in place and pour the hot liquid out of the opening in
or through the neck secured to said top, B, thereby coating the whole interior
surfaces of the vessel, package or bottle.
Any other desired or suitable mode may however be adapted for applying
the coating.
This coating of the vessels described, with pitch or with a pitch compound not
only renders the same impervious to liquids and is unaffected by the corrosive or
oxydizing action of some liquids or solids but acts also as a preserving agent and
prevents such substances from deterioration or partial deterioration.
This is especially the case with many of the writing inks to which creosote or
other preservative is added to prevent the same from becoming moldy or spoiling
which is effectually avoided by the coating or lining of pitch.
It is obvious that by my invention, I can produce a vessel, paekage or bottle of
any desired strength by simply multiplying the sheets or layers of paper or paste-
board, and make the same impervious to liquids and indifferent to the action of the
substances referred to hereinbefore.
These vessels, packages or bottles are not only very strong but exceedingly light
thereby effecting a saving in freight and they may be manufactured at a cost if
not less certainly not greater than like vessels made of metal or glass.
my said
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st. A vessel, package or bottle made of paper, having its interior surfaces coated
with pitch or with a compound of which pitch forms the essential ingredient for
the purpose specified as hereinbefore described.
2nd Avessel, package or bottle made of paper, having a flange integral with
the body thereof, and projecting above the head or top of said body to form n-sent
for a cover as described.
3rd. A vessel, package or bottle composed of two or more sheets or layers of
paper, the onter sheet or layer of which is longer than the inner sheet or layer or
layers, substantially us and for the purpose specified:
4th 2nd. A vessel, package or bottle composed of paper or paste-board coated
interiorly with pitch or with a compound of which pitch forms the essential
ingredient, having a flange projecting above the bead or top to form a seat for a
cover as described.
5th. 3rd. A vessel, package or bottle composed of paper or paste-board coated
interiorly with pitch or a compound of which pitch forms the essential ingredient,
in combination with a stopper made of wood and coated with paraffine or with
pitch or a pitch compound for the purpose specified as herein before described.
6th. 4th. A vessel, package or bottle the body of which is made of paper or paste-
board in combination with a wooden top or head and bottom said vessel, package
or bottle and having its interior surfaces coated with pitch or a compound of which
pitch constitutes the essential ingredient for the purpose stated as hereinbefore described.
th. 5th. A vessel, package or bottle made of paper or paste-board having a neck
made of a rigid or non elastic material such as wood metal etc. and having its
interior surfaces coated with pitch or a pitch compound as hereinbefore described for
the purpose specified.
Sth. 6th. A vessel, package or bottle made of paper or paste-board having its neck
made of a rigid or non elastic material such as wood, metal etc. and having its
interior surfaces coated with pitch or a pitch compound, in combination with a
stopper coated with paraffine or pitch, for the purpose stated as hereinbefore described.
9th. A vessel, package or bottle-made of paper or paste board having a flange
projecting above its head or neck to form a seat for a-cover or lid said flange
having notches or kerfs-formed on diametrically opposite sides substantially as and
for the purpose specified.

page_text: 10th. The hereindescribed mode of making paper-or-paste board vessels,
packages or bottles with a Sange projecting above the top or head or above said
top or head and neek thereof by forming the same of two or more sheets or layers
of such being of greater diameter than the inner sheet or sheets or layer or layers
so us to project beyond the latter and form such projecting flange when the vessel,
package or bottle is completed substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 9th dox of Doomben 1005

page_text: I, LEVI HOFFMAN THOMAS, residing at 59, Michigan Avenue, Chicago in the
County of Cook, and State of Illinois, in the United States of America, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to vessels or packages intended to contain liquids of a
corrosive nature such as ink, liquid blacking and other liquids which have
heretofore been stored in vessels of glass, porcelain, earthenware or analogous,
vessels made of material unaffected by the contents thereof.
Such vessels are however not only very heavy thereby enhancing the cost of
transportation but they are very brittle and liable to break either during the filling
or in packing, shipping or handling.
The invention also relates to vessels or packages intended to contain non-
corrosive liquids such as liquid blueing and others that are apt to soil or injure.
anything they come in contact with and which have heretofore been stored in
vessels of the character above described which are too brittle and readily broken or
in metallic vessels which latter however are unfit for storing such liquids for any.
length of time owing to the oxidizing action of the liquid on the metal.
The invention also relates to vessels or packages intended to contain solids in a
pulverulent 'state of a corrosive or non-corrosive nature which have heretofore been
stored in glass, porcelain, earthenware, wood, metal or ordinary paper vessels or
packages either liable to break or become torn in handling or shipping and either
too heavy or not strong enough for ordinary wear or in which packages or vessels
the contents are liable to become affected by moisture.
The object of my invention is to dispense with the materials enumerated for
storing the substances described and provide a light, cheap, and at the same time
strong vessel impervious to liquids and indifferent to the corrosive action of the
liquids or solids referred to.
The invention consists in a vessel or package made of paper or paste-board or two
or more layers of paste-board or card-board, or of papier-maché, or pulp or of any
suitable paper stock having its interior coated with pitch.

page_text: In carrying out my invention it will be understood that I do not limit myself to
any particular form of vessel as this form or configuration may be varied almost
infinitely and must necessarily vary according to the substance, liquid, or solid
stored therein, or according to the uses of the vessel or package.
Various means may be provided for filling and closing the vessels or packages
and for removing the contents thereof, and I have devised very convenient, simple,
and efficient means for vessels intended to contain liquids such as liquid blueing for
instance for removing the contents for use I have also devised convenient, simple
and efficient means for protecting the stopper or other means of closure for such
vessels or packages froin accidental removal, either in packing, shipping or handling
as will be hereinafter fully described.
3
In the construction of my paper vessels I may also combine with the body
thereof a top and bottom of some other material, such as wood or metal though for
general use I prefer to make the entire vessel or package of one of the materials
hereinabove described.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure, 1, is a vertical section of a vessel or bottle adapted to contain ink or
other liquid.
Figure, 2, is a like view of such a vessel provided with means for protecting the
closing devices of the vessel as well as the pouring devices from injury or accidental
displacement.
Figure, 3, is a like view of a package intended to contain either a solid or a liquid
provided with means for protecting the closing devices or stopper from accidental
displacement.
Figure, 4, is also a vertical section of an ordinary inkstand provided with means
for protecting the closing devices or stopper from accidental displacement, said
means serving at the same time as a pen-rack.
Figure, 5, is also a vertical section of a vessel or bottle adapted to contain
liquids requiring to be used in small quantities, such as liquid blueing.
Figure, 6, is also a vertical section of a bottle having its bottom and top made
of wood.
In the manufacture of my improved vessels, packages, or bottles I preferably
employ a heavy paper or thin paste-board, and according to the nature of the
material to be stored in such vessels or packages or bottles, I employ two or more
thicknesses of such material.
In the above drawings,―
A, indicates the vessel, package or bottle which bas an interior coating or
lining, a, of pitch or with a compound, of which pitch constitutes the essential
part.
As shown in figure, 1, the top, B, and bottom, C, are of increased thickness.
In the top; B, of the bottle is formed an opening for the reception of a tubular
neck, D, which may be a tube of metal, wood or paper having also an interior
coating, d, of pitch or a pitch compound and to said neck is secured a spout or
lip, d, which may also be made of metal or of paper coated with pitch.
E, is the stopper adapted to fit the neck, D.
Cork stoppers have heretofore been almost exclusively used in bottles or vessels
made of a hard unyielding or non elastic material, such as glass, earthen-ware etc.
not only on account of the unyielding nature of the material but on account
of the fact that the interior surface of the necks intended to receive the stopper
is usually irregular and requires a stopper made of an elastic material to form a
tight closure.
With my improved bottle or vessel in which the surfaces in contact with the
stopper are very smooth and regular I am enabled to employ the cheaper stopper, E,
for the reason that the coating of pitch provides an yielding or elastic cushion or
surface by means of which not only a tight joint can be obtained but a greater

page_text: degree of frictional cohesion is afforded for the contacting surfaces whether the
opening or neck for the reception of the stopper is made of wood or metal, or of
paper board.
When of the latter construction a perfectly tight joint is obtained, owing to the
elastic or yielding nature of the material itself and when metal or wood is
employed for the neck of a bottle, I preferably provide the wooden stopper, E,
with a coating of paraffine or of pitch, e, thus imparting to both the contacting
surfaces a sufficient degree of elasticity to form an absolutely tight joint.
The vessels, packages or bottles may be filled either through the opening in the
top or head, B, or through the neck or through an opening, c, in the bottom of the
vessel, as shown in figure, 1, said opening being afterwards closed by means of
a disc, c, of the same material as the body of the vessel and also coated with
pitch.
This disc may be sprung or otherwise secured in place, its pitch coated periphery
forming a perfectly tight closure and the surface of the bottom of the vessel may
be then coated with a varnish or an adhesive substance such as glue if desired.
In figures, 2, 3, and, 4, I have shown vessels provided with an upwardly projecting
flange, A¹, forming a seat for the reception of a cover, F, to protect the stopper or
other means of closure or the pouring lip from injury or accidental displacement
and also serves as a drip cup to receive any of the liquid dripping from the spout,
pen or other device for removing such liquid.
This flange, A¹, forms an integral part of the body of the vessel and is obtained
in a very simple manner, namely, either by fixing the head of the vessel some
distance below the upper edge of the body or by using an outer sheet or layer or
layers of paper or paste-board, of sufficient length to project the required distance
above the body proper or above the body and neck of the vessel or bottle to receive.
the cover, F.
In this construction a shoulder, A2, is also formed between the outer layer or
sheet that forms the flange, A¹, and the inner layer or layers or sheets to which the
top or the top and neck of the vessel may be readily secured.
As shown in figure, 4, the flange, A¹, is or may be notched on diametrically
opposite sides as at, a¹, thus serving as a pen-rack or brush rest, the pen or brush
being securely held in the notches, a¹.
The stopper, E, for the ink-stand is of wood coated either with paraffine or
pitch preferably the latter and may or may not have an ornamental head or
knob, e.
In figure, 5, I have shown a vessel of cylindrical form adapted to contain liquids
or pulverulent solids that are used either in limited or minute quantities.
The head or top, B, is provided with one or more small openings or with a
nipple, b, either of wood, metal, or rubber having a narrow axial opening, b¹,
which opening or the opening or openings in the head itself may be normally
closed by one or more wires or pegs of wood, b', coated with pitch.
In figure, 6, I have shown a bottle such as are ordinarily used for holding ink,
the top, B, and bottom, C, of which are made of wood, the neck, D, of metal and
seated in an axial opening formed in said wooden top and provided with a pouring
lip or spout d, the stopper, E, here employed being also of wood and coated either
with paraffine or pitch or a compound of which pitch constitutes the essential
ingredient.
The coating of the vessels, packages or bottles, with pitch may be effected in any
desired manner in practice 1 liquefy the pitch or pitch compound by means of heat
and then fill the completed vessel with the hot liquid and then pour it out again
thus leaving the interior of the vessel, package or bottle sufficiently coated for the
purposes described.
The coating may also be effected by filling the vessel, package or bottle with
the hot liquid pitch or pitch compound before the head or top, B, is affixed thereto

page_text: and then secure the latter in place and pour the hot liquid "out of the opening in
or through the neck secured to said top, B, thereby coating the whole interior
surfaces of the vessel, package or bottle.
Any other desired or suitable mode may however be adapted for applying
the coating.
This coating of the vessels described, with pitch or with a pitch compound not
only renders the same impervious to liquids and is unaffected by the corrosive or
oxydizing action of some liquids or solids but acts also as a preserving agent and
prevents such substances from deterioration or partial deterioration.
This is especially the case with many of the writing inks to which creosote or
other preservative is added to prevent the same from becoming moldy or spoiling
which is effectually avoided by the coating or lining of pitch.
It is obvious that by my invention, I can produce a vessel, package or bottle of
any desired strength by simply multiplying the sheets or layers of paper or paste-
board, and make the same impervious to liquids and indifferent to the action of the
substances referred to hereinbefore.
These vessels, packages or bottles are not only very strong but exceedingly light
thereby effecting a saving in freight and they may be manufactured at a cost if
not less certainly not greater than like vessels made of metal or glass.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st. A vessel, package or bottle made of paper, having its interior surfaces coated
with pitch or with a compound of which pitch forms the essential ingredient for
the purpose specified.
2nd. A vessel, package or bottle made of paper, having a flange integral with
the body thereof, and projecting above the head or top of 'said body to form a seat
for a cover as described.
3rd. A vessel, package or bottle composed of two or more sheets or layers of
paper, the outer sheet or layer of which is longer than the inner sheet or layer or
layers, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
4th. A vessel, package or bottle composed of paper or paste-board coated
interiorly with pitch or with a compound of which pitch forms the essential
ingredient, having a flange projecting above the head or top to form a seat for a
cover as described..
5th. A vessel, package or bottle composed of paper or paste-board coated
interiorly with pitch or a compound of which pitch forms the essential ingredient,
in combination with a stopper made of wood and coated with paraffine or with
pitch or a pitch compound for the purpose specified.
6th. A vessel, package or bottle the body of which is made of paper or paste-
board in combination with a wooden top or head and bottom said vessel, package
or bottle having its interior surfaces coated with pitch or a compound of which
pitch constitutes the essential ingredient for the purpose stated.
7th. A vessel, package or bottle made of paper or paste-board having a neck
made of a rigid or non elastic material such as wood metal etc. and having its
interior surfaces coated with pitch or a pitch compound for the purpose specified.
8th. A vessel, package or bottle made of paper or paste-board having its neck
made of a rigid or non elastic material such as wood, metal etc. and having its
interior surfaces coated with pitch or a pitch compound, in combination with a
stopper coated with paraffine or pitch, for the purpose stated.
9th. A vessel, package or bottle made of paper or paste-board having a flange
projecting above its head or neck to form a seat for a cover or lid said flange
having notches or kerfs formed on diametrically opposite sides substantially as and
for the purpose specified.

page_text: 10th. The hereindescribed mode of making paper or paste-board vessels,
packages or bottles with a flange projecting above the top or head or above said
top or head and neck thereof by forming the same of two or more sheets or layers
of such being of greater diameter than the inner sheet or sheets or layer or layers
so as to project beyond the latter and form such projecting flange when the vessel,
package or bottle is completed substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated thin 9th dow of Docomh.. 100%