matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MARINERS' COMPASSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gowland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1863.
I, GEORGE GOWLAND, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Chrono-
meter, Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MARINERS' COMPASSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improved means for the purpose of com-
pensating the errors in ships' or other compasses which are affected by the
proximity of iron especially adapted for use in iron ships or vessels. Instead
of employing the ordinary fixed magnets placed about the ship's compass, I
employ one or more moveable magnets so arranged that any change in the
ship's magnetism will be compensated for by a change in the compensating
magnet. I prefer to place the compensating magnet in a line with the keel of
the ship or vessel either at the fore or after part of the binnacle, and the same
height as the compass in the binnacle if required. Then suppose the ship's
head is north and the needle drawn to the west, the south pole of the needle
would be drawn to the starboard or right hand, but by placing the compen-
sating magnet at the after part of the binnacle, its south pole would be drawn
to the starboard, and its north pole would then draw the south pole of the
compass in the binnacle, and thus correct it; but according to the amount
of error in the binnacle compass the magnet or magnets would have to be
placed nearer to or further from it, and if required, I place one or more
magnets around the binnacle compass according to its requirements, cach
magnet being free to move on its own centre and not as heretofore fixed,

page_text: thus obviating the errors arising from the "heeling over" of the ship or vessel.
When using the fixed magnet I allow it to dip by having it balanced on a
pivot or by having it arranged to float on any suitable fluid, thus obviating
with the ordinary magnets the errors arising from the "heeling over." I
prefer, where practicable to have the compensating magnets on a line with the
compass requiring compensation, I also prefer to employ circular magnets for
the purpose of compensation.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING, POLISHING, STRAIGHTENING, AND TAPERING ROUND RODS OR BARS OF IRON, STEEL AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Jones Habershon, John
Matthew Habershon, and Matthew Henry Habershon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd May
1863.
We, JOSEPH JONES HABERSHON, JOHN MATTHEW HABERSHON, and MATTHEW
HENRY HABERSHON, all of Rotherham, in the County of York, Rolling Mill
Proprietors, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING, POLISHING, STRAIGHTENING, AND TAPERING
ROUND RODS OR BARS OF IRON, STEEL AND OTHER METALS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in the employment of three or four rolls in com-
bination for the rolling of round rods or bars of iron, steel, and other metals,
by their being inserted at the end of and passed between the rolls in the
direction of their longitudinal axes, two of the rolls revolving in contact with
the rod or bar, and the third or third and fourth rolls revolving in contact
with the other two rolls, so as, by rotating with them, to secure the simple and
effective working of the machine without the use of pinions. This machine
is also applicable to tapering spindles and other round bars.
GRAVELLING AND MACADAMIZING ROADS & PATHS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Roderick Grogan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1863.
I, RODERICK GROGAN, of 27, Hereford Road North, Bayswater, London, W.,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "GRAVELLING AND
MACADAMIZING ROADS & PATHS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention has for its object an arrangement or apparatus for strewing
sand or gravel and pebbles or broken stones along roads, streets, lanes,
walks, &c., and consists of a cart or waggon (of the present shape, or any other
shape which may be found more convenient, and having two or more wheels,
and drawn by horses or otherwise), with one or more slits or openings at or
across its bottom or elsewhere (for gravel, &c. to run out), and a stirer
(consisting of a shaft with rods & blades thereto attached, similar to a paddle
wheel) or endless chain band, fixed to or connected with the axle which carries
the wheels, and to which the wheels are fixed, and a sliding shutter connected
with opening, by means of which the quantity of gravel, &c. to be delivered
is regulated or shut in altogether. As the wheels & axle revolve they turn
the stirer or endless chain band, which clears the opening and prevents it from
becoming choked by the gravel, &c. When the road to be macadamized
requires also to be broken up first, a suitable harrow or plow may be fitted to
this cart, which will break up the road as the cart proceeds onward, and

page_text: also almost at the same time cover the broken up road with stones, which
will fall from the opening of the cart as above described.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, I hereby further
declare that I do not restrict myself to the precise modes of applying the
principles thereof, as the details may be varied in the application of the said
principle in practice.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LAMPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISION. L SPECIFICATION left by Lasslo Chandor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1863.
I, LASSLO CHANDOR, of New York City, in the United States of America,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN LAMPS," to be as follows:―
The object of my Invention is to improve that class of lamps in which
kerosene or volatile liquid hydrocarbons are burned. By means of my Inven-
tion these lamps may be used without a chimney. Heretofore from the
imperfect combustion of the kerosene, or other fluid used, the lamps were
liable to smoke, but my Invention effectually prevents this.
The improvement consists in adapting to the lamp a tube of sheet metal or
other suitable material open at both ends, and of somewhat greater diameter
than the wick tube. The lower end of this tube is placed at or near the top
of the wick tube, and its upper end extends above the wick tube so as to
encircle the lower part of the flame. By means of this heated tubo the atmo-
spheric air will be continually consumed and replaced by fresh atmospheric
air, the oxygen of which by mingling with the escaping gases of the flame
(which are mostly carbon compounds) will produce a more perfect combustion.
A short tube is placed around the top of the wick tube, and is attached to the
holder which supports the metal air-heating tube above mentioned, so that by
merely raising or depressing the upper or air heating tube, the light may Le
increased or diminished at pleasure. The metal air-heating tube first mentioned

page_text: is attached to the holder by a hinge, spring, or any similar contrivance, so that
the metal tube may be conveniently turned on one side to perinit of the lamp
wick being trimmed.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING WASTE GASES FROM BLAST AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Vaughan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th October
1863.
I, JOHN VAUGHAN, of Middlesbrough, in the County of York, Iron Master,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR PURIFYING WASTE GASES FROM BLAST AND OTHER FURNACES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improved apparatus and arrangements
whereby the waste gases from blast and other furnaces are purified and
rendered fit for use more effectually than by any of the existing methods.
The apparatus is constructed as follows:-A large metal tank is provided.
the same consisting of two compartments, into one of which the inlet pipe-for
the admission of the impure gases from the furnace opens, the outlet pipe for
the exit of the gases after they have been purified being situated at the top
of the other compartment. The tank contains a considerable body of water
(which is allowed to enter both compartments), and a screw consisting of two
metal tubes bent in a spiral form around an iron bar is placed obliquely across
the tank, the upper end thereof being placed near the inlet pipe. The screw
is caused to revolve by means of a small steam engine or by any convenient
motive power. In the upper portion of the compartment into which the
outlet pipe enters is placed a quantity of hay or straw or other divided or
fibrous material, the same being kept constantly damp by the water which
enters from the adjoining compartment. Above the hay or straw or other

page_text: analogous material quicklime or sulphuric acid is so placed that the gases
may pass over the same. The gases having entered the tank by the inlet
pipe are impelled through the water by the revolving screw, and are thus
carried through the latter into the next compartment, when as they escape
in a cool state from the screw they rise through the water, and passing
through the hay or straw or other analogous material are freed from all the
impurities with which they may be intermixed and which are deposited in the
hay or straw or other analogous material. The gases are then passed over
the quicklime or sulphuric acid whereby they are deprived of any moisture
they may contain. In some cases the hay or straw or other analogous
material may be dispensed with, and the gases simply passed over the quick-
lime or sulphuric acid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PISTONS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Saxon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
July 1863.
I, GEORGE SAXON, of Openshaw, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
METALLIC PISTONS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate generally to those engines where the axis of the
cylinder is in any other than a vertical position, and consists in causing both
the rings and springs to be free to revolve around the circumference of the
cylinder in whatever part of such circumference they may be respectively placed,
so that the force of gravity shall have no more effect upon them in any one
position than in another. I accomplish this object by forming the annular
eccentric or taper spring or springs which press the outer ring or rings to the
cylinder with additional material or projections placed in such situation and
quantity so that each of the said springs shall be evenly balanced, and thus
be enabled to rotate round the central axis of the cylinder. The said additional
material or projections may be placed on either the inner or outer surface or
both surfaces of the spring or springs, whilst the strength of the spring is still
reduced from the back or heel towards the point so as to produce a uniform
pressure on the outer rings and the circumference of the cylinder when they
are placed in an angular or horizontal position.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CLOTH BLANKETS AND OTHER FABRICS TO BE USED IN MACHINERY FOR PRINTING FABRICS, PAPER HANGINGS, AND LETTER PRESS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Tolhausen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1863. A communication from Achille Clément, Merchant, residing in
the Rue d'Enghien, Paris.
I, FREDERICK TOLHAUSEN, of 17, Faubourg Montmartre, Paris, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CLOTH BLANKETS AND OTHER FABRICS TO BE USED IN MACHINERY FOR
PRINTING FABRICS, PAPER HANGINGS, AND LETTER PRESS," a communication from
Achille Clément, Merchant, a person resident in the Rue d'Enghien, Paris,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the general and systematic use of flock, floss,
fancy or waste silks for those cloths or fabrics which are employed in covering
printing or inking rollers, printing tables, and the like implements required
for producing impressions on or printing fabrics and papers in lieu of cotton,
wool, and other substances which have hitherto been used for the same
purposes.
When used for printing or inking rollers or the like, the improved cloth is
made in two layers of twilled fabric of silk floss and other similar material,
which are united by a layer of india-rubber laid on in the liquid state when
used for printing blankets ("doubliers ") which are lying under the fabrics
and papers in the process of printing; a plain shed will answer the
the material employed in both cases being silk of the kinds described.
purpose,

page_text: The general object of this Invention is to impart to said fabrics used in
printing machinery a more permanent elasticity and durability, and to prevent
them from hardening, felting, and being injured by the effect of heat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OR PROCESSES OF PRODUCING ANILINE BLACK ON COTTON FABRICS OR YARNS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Joseph Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
December 1863.-A communication from abroad by Honoré Cordillot,
of Dornach, near Mulhouse, in the Empire of France, Chemist.
I, EDWARD JOSEPH HUGHES, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OR PROCESSES OF PRODUCING ANILINE BLACK
ON COTTON FABRICS OR YARNS," a communication to me from abroad by
Honoré Cordillot, of Dornach, near Mulhouse, in the Empire of France,
Chemist, to be as follows:-
In mixing the colors for printing take 1,700 parts of starch, or other
suitable thickening, 45 parts of chlorate of potash, and when dissolved add
120 parts of muriate of aniline, or other suitable salt of aniline, and add cold
120 parts of ferricyanide of ammonium; print the colors as usual, and age
the goods two or three nights until complete oxydation takes place, then raise
the color by washing or passing it in a weak alkaline solution. For dyeing
take the same proportions, but use water only instead of a thickening
substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING CHAFF AND SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abram Gillett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th November
1863.
I, ABRAM GILLETT, of Highway Farm, in the County of Berks, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR CUTTING CHAFF AND SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
For the purpose of diminishing the power required for cutting chaff and
such like substances, by obtaining a sufficient draw of the knives in pro-
portion to the depth of cut, I use a knife or knives fastened to or upon the
periphery or peripheries of an eccentric or eccentrics, the throw of which to
be equal to or more or less than the width of the mouth through which the
substance to be cut passes. In revolving the eccentrics, the edge of the
knife or the edges of the knives is or are simultaneously pressed against and
drawn sufficiently along the hay or other substance, thus cutting it with small
expenditure of force. I can fasten the knife or knives on to the eccentric or
eccentrics with the edge or edges projecting either outwards or inwards for
the
purpose of cutting hay into chaff; or I can form the eccentrics by the
shape of the knife or knives fastened to the periphery of a wheel; thus I
can apply the knife or knives to the circumference of a wheel instead of to
the radii.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAWN-MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Morton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th February
1863.
I, ALEXANDER MORTON, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAWN-MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in lawn-mowing machines, and con-
sists, first, in the arrangement of the driving gear. For this purpose I fix on
or cast in a piece with the side frame of machine an internal toothed circle,
into which works a small pinion mounted on the crank pin of a crank, mounted
on and revolving with the main axle of the machine, which crank pinion is
thrown out or into gear by a sliding clutch in the usual way; this crank and
pinion again takes into a second pinion mounted loose on the main axle out-
side the framing, of a piece with or fixed to this pinion is a large wheel,
which takes into an intermediate stud wheel, such stud wheel transmitting the
motion to a pinion fixed on the axis of the revolving cutters. By this arrange-
ment of the gearing a high speed is obtained in the cutter with a simple and
compact arrangement of the gearing.
The second part of my Invention consists in the use of india-rubber, gutta
percha, leather, or any other suitable substance or composition as a material
for the formation of the toothed gearing or surfaces communicating the motion,
which it transmits without noise. These substances may be put on wheels
made of iron or any other material, and may be strengthened in various ways
by iron or other suitable material being embedded in the substances, or by

page_text: screws or rivets, or by discs pressed upon the material, or by other fastenings
of the material to its supporting centre or core; these substances may be
made plain, grooved, or with teeth, or of any form I find most suitable for
communicating motion without noise. I prefer to use metal or wood-cogged
teeth for the slow motion, and for the high speeds the gutta percha, india-
rubber, or other noiseless material, either toothed or to drive by frictional
contact alone.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bernoulli Barlow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
January 1863. A communication from abroad by Hercules Erba, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Manufacturer.
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of the City of Manchester, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES," a communication to me from abroad by
Hercules Erba, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Manufacturer, to be as
follows:-
The first part of this Invention consists in substituting thin metallic plates
for cards, usually employed in the jacquard machines. These plates are
punched with holes corresponding to the full number of needles required,
and the design is produced by plugging a portion of the holes; in plugging
the holes small cylinders or plugs of india-rubber or other suitable substance
are employed, and to facilitate the operation, the plugs required to produce the
pattern are dropped into conical holes in a plate, which plate is laid over
the metallic card and under a plate with punches corresponding to the
holes in the metallic card. By depressing this top plate in a fly press or
otherwise, the punches force the plugs into the metallic card. When the
pattern on a set of metallic cards is done with, the plugs are forced out by a
plate with punches, and the same metallic cards can be used for other patterns
by replacing other plugs in their proper holes.
The jacquard machine may be modified to suit these improved metallic cards

page_text: in the following manner:-Each horizontal needle for the hooks is drawn back
by a spring in the contrary direction to the ordinary spring. The needle is
divided into two parts, <connected by a cord or wire, and the second part is
furnished with a spring of the usual construction acting against the plugs in
the metallic card. Or the needles are connected to springs, through which the
hooks pass.
The second part of this Invention consists in working the jacquard hooks by
atmospheric pressure.
A convenient mode of carrying this into operation is as follows:-A tube is
provided with two pistons, to one of which is connected the hook, and the other
is worked up and down to produce the vacuum in the tube; the tube is con-
nected by a branch pipe passing through a plate placed in front of the jacquard
card. The plugs in the jacquard card close the orifices of the branch pipes in
connection with the hooks selected, and the pistons rising in the selected tubes
raise the required hooks, whereas the branch pipes corresponding to the hooks
not.selected are not closed by the plugs, and the hooks remain down. The
arrangement of the parts for working the jacquard by atmospheric pressure
may be considerably modified.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Barcham Green at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th February 1863.
I, JOHN BARCHAM GREEN, of Hayle Mill, Maidstone, in the County of
Kent, Paper Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the manufacture of paper in such a manner
as to give increased strength to the edge of the piece or sheet of paper by
producing thereon an edge of increased thickness or density.
For this purpose the wire mould on which the pulp is spread is formed with
certain portions of its surface in grooves or channels so as to be capable of
receiving a greater depth of pulp at such portions. By this means an increased
thickening or density of the paper is produced at those parts which correspond
with the grooves or channels in the surface of the mould. In this manner a
sheet of paper may be made from which several distinct pieces may be cut,
each having a thickened edge, or the sheet may be made of the required size
with a thickened edge thereon.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN SPRING BALANCES AND PRESSURE GUAGES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Applegate at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May
1863.
I, FRANK APPLEGATE, of Bradford-on-Avon, in the County of Wilts, Woollen
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SPRING BALANCES AND PRESSURE GUAGES," to be as follows:-
Spring balances and pressure guages may be said to be one and the same
thing, being applied in the one case to determine the pressure produced by
gravitation, and in the other the pressure of steam or other elastic fluid under
pressure. Instead of using dial and index hands or pointers pointing to the
graduations on a disc or other dial plate in these instruments, I make the
dials or indicators of such apparatus of a plain opaque surface covering the
graduations of the dial, which are visible through an opening, glazed or
otherwise, through which the reading of the guage is obtained, such opening
passing over the graduated dial or surface, either of a circular or of a
lengthened forin, and the indicator (that is, the plate with the opening) either
rotating or moving in a direct line as usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GLASSES, TERMED CHIMNEYS, USED FOR GAS OR OTHER LIGHTS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Emile Louit at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
January 1863.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE EMILE LOUIT, ainé, of Bordeaux, in the Empire of
France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GLASSES, TERMED CHIMNEYS, USED FOR GAS OR OTHER
LIGHTS," to be as follows:-
My chimney differs from all others, but is usable with every chimney holder
in ordinary use; for theatres it offers the advantage of perfect safety both for
company and scenery, and it preserves ceilings from heat and smoke. The
top of the chimney is made of dome or other similar shape, or otherwise closed
at the top, and for the escape of the heated air one or more openings is or are
made under the dome or stopping, or say in the sides of the chimney, as
illustrated in the accompanying Drawing forming part of this: my Provisional
Specification.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Russel Aitken at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June 1863.
I, RUSSEL AITKEN, of Cambridge Street, Pimlico, in the County of Middle-
sex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to a peculiar construction and
arrangement of combined chair and sleeper, whereby the rail is held in its
place in the chairs without the aid of the usual wooden wedges.
According to this Invention it is proposed to cast 'the combined chair and
sleeper in two parts, which are hinged together by a hinge pin running
parallel or nearly so to the rail, each half of the sleeper having a chair jam
cast thereon. The rail rests upon a wooden or other cushion inserted beneath
or at the side of the rail. The proper guage is maintained by the usual or
other wrought-iron tie bars and gibs and collars, which latter serve also.to
keep the jaws of the chair firmly against the sides of the rail. The weight of
a passing train tends to steady the rail by producing a powerful gripping
action of the jaws against the sides of the rail. Provision is made for packing
the sleepers from the surface through holes made therein or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLING APPARATUS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fyndon Cooper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
February 1863.
I, WILLIAM FYNDON COOPER, of Tooley Street, in the County of Surrey,
Rectifying Distiller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLING APPARATUS," "to be as follows": -
This Invention consists in affixing to the head or beak of the still a jacket
cylinder formed by two cylinders one within the other, leaving a small space
between them, in which part of the spirit to be distilled or rectified is intro-
duced. The inner cylinder is shorter by about one-third than that of the outer
cylinder, and contains several movable and perforated pans or dishes, upon
which the charcoal, berries, roots, or other substances or materials are placed
when required; there is also a perforated movable cover to the inner cylinder.
When the still is in operation the spirit in the jacket or space between the two
cylinders rises and overflows the perforated cover of the inner cylinder and
trickles through the perforated pans, the hot vapor from the still meets it, and
converting a portion into vapor, carries it into an apparatus which I call a quad-
ruple analyser, the more aqueous portion running into the still to be converted
into vapor. The quadruple analyser consists of an upright tube or cylinder
partially surrounded with water, whence the purer portions of the vapor pass
through regulated openings into three other tubes or cylinders for a complete

page_text: seperation of the essential oils, the vapor then passes into the ordinary worm
or refrigerator. The portions collected while passing through the quadruple
analyser fall into a chamber in connection therewith, and are then drawn off
or reconveyed to the still by suitable pipes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, PIPES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Effertz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
September 1863.
I, PETER EFFERTZ, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, PIPES, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for cutting bricks, tiles,
pipes, and similar articles. The roller table for holding and conveying the
material to be cut and the frame containing the cutting wires are
made in any desired manner, but I employ the following improved arrange-
ments for giving motion to the cutting frame and wires, and stopping the
machine at the required intervals of time, according to the length the
articles are to be cut. On a shaft working in suitable bearings there is
at one end a loose pulley, to which pulley is fixed a clutch box and
another clutch box sliding on the shaft; at the other end is a bevil wheel
gearing into a bevil wheel on a second shaft, which shaft carries on one
end a plate or disc, having in it an eccentric groove, and on the other
end knobs or projections. On another shaft there is a double lever having
a short and long arm; the end of the short arm carries a bowl fitting
the eccentric groove, and the end of the long arm is jointed to the
cutting frame, to which are jointed three other arms or any number as
wanted similar to the long arm for the purpose of supporting the cutting

page_text: frame. When revolving motion is given to the eccentric groove the long
arm of the double lever moves to and fro, and gives a corresponding
motion to the cutting table and wires corresponding with the length the
articles are to be cut. The before named knobs or projections come as
the shaft revolves in contact with a stud jointed to a sliding bar which
carries a fork gearing into the sliding clutch box of the first-named shaft,
and brings the clutch box out of gear, the pulley with the clutch box fixed
to it then revolves loose round the shaft, and thus the motion of the
machinery is stopped. At one side of the roller table there is a lever
connected by a stud to the sliding bar, so that an operative by working the
lever can bring forward the bar and clutch box and again give motion to the
cutting frame. Or instead of working the lever by hand a knob or projection
on a measuring wheel or other self-acting contrivance may act on the lever
and put the cutting frame in motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING SLATES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Williams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1863.
I, HENRY WILLIAMS, of Portmadoc, in the County of Carnarvon, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING SLATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction, arrangement, and com-
bination of machinery or apparatus for dressing slates, whereby economy of
construction with efficiency and rapidity of motion are obtained.
According to this Invention it is proposed to employ a horizontal knife or
knives vibrating vertically so as to receive a chopping motion. The knife or
knives is or are carried by arms keyed on to a horizontal rocking shaft sup-
ported in bearings fixed to the main framing of the machino. A rapid rocking
motion is imparted to this shaft by means of a revolving crank pin carried on
the end of the main driving shaft and working in a slotted lever arm keyed to
the rocking shaft, or by means of a connecting rod worked by an eccentric.
The driving shaft is supported in suitable bearings on the main framing, and
is provided with the usual fast and loose driving pullies. The machine is
fitted with the usual guage and travel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOCKS, WATCHES, AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th October 1863.-A communication from abroad by Felix Cenoni
Bouscatié, of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOCKS, WATCHES, AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in forming clocks and watches with a part of the
dial plate removed to show part of the mechanism, and in arranging the
mechanism as hereafter described.
I will first describe the arrangement as applied to clocks. In front of the
pillar plate I fit a guard plate, through which a spindle passes with a groove
formed on part of its length for the purpose hereafter explained. This spindle
carries near its front end a balance wheel, and in front of the wheel a spiral
spring. Below the spindle are two other spindles carrying two ratchet wheels
the teeth of which are arranged inversely. At each oscillation of the balance
wheel a tooth of one of the ratchet wheels enters the groove before mentioned,
and the necessary impulse is thus given to the spiral spring to make it move
to the right and to the left alternately, and therefore give isochronism to the
oscillations. The spindle of one of the ratchet wheels is prolonged at back and
carries behind the pillar plate a pinion in gear with a wheel which is in con-
nection with the mechanism for moving the hands. Behind each of the ratchet

page_text: wheels there is a toothed wheel in gear one with the other, and rendering the
movement regular. The movement is visible through the space made in the
dial plate and shows at any moment whether the clock is going or not.
The arrangement before described is the same when applied to watches
and other timekeepers.
The Invention also consists in a new method of attaching the spring to the
barrel of watches and similar timekeepers in order to prevent breaking of the
In the
spring from overwinding and to prevent it becoming unhooked.
centre or bung of the barrel I form a notch into which I hook one extremity
of the spring, and I fix the spring in the notch by a pin. The other extremity
of the spring is fixed against the side of the barrel by means of a hook, and
to prevent it unhooking I fix a loop or staple to the side of the barrel, through
which staple the outer end of the spring is passed before being attached to
the hook.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE IN STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Furness Tone at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th June 1863.
-A communication from abroad by Henry David Furness, of Riga, in the
Empire of Russia, Engineer.
I, JOHN FURNESS TONE, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE IN STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER FURNACES,"
a communication from abroad by Henry David Furness, of Riga, in the
Empire of Russia, Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination and arrangement of appa-
ratus for preventing smoke in steam boiler and other furnaces, whereby a more
perfect combustion is obtained and a considerable economy of fuel effected..
According to this Invention, as applied to an ordinary locomotive boiler, it is
proposed to employ a small steam pipe, which is carried from any convenient
part of the boiler through the fire-box and through one of the ordinary tubes
of the boiler, and extends to the front of the smoke box. At this part it is
provided with outlets or nozzles through which the steam in a superheated
state is discharged into a corresponding series of tubes which pass through the
smoke box and communicate with some of the ordinary boiler tubes. By this
arrangement of apparatus a current or currents of heated air and superheated
steam are directed into the furnace so as to mingle with the gases and pro-
ducts of combustion at the moment of the formation. The nozzles or outlets

page_text: of the steam pipe are placed some little distance from the mouths of the air
pipes, so that the air will enter freely into such pipes, and be then carried along
into the furnace by the steam jets above referred to.
In adapting this Invention to a marine boiler the steam pipe is carried from
a convenient part of the boiler through the smoke box, where the steam
becomes superheated and thence passes to a pipe or pipes situate underneath the
grate bars, into and through which the superheated steam is injected, so as to
carry with it a current or currents of heated air, which are directed on to the
back part of the fire, so as to mingle with the gases at the best point for com-
bustion. In an ordinary boiler or furnace the steam is brought direct from the
boiler by a proper steam pipe to the mouths of one or more air tubes placed
under the grate bars, and passing up through the bridge or otherwise into the
back of the furnace, the air becoming heated as it passes along the air tubes
before entering the furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS FOR THE FURNACES OP STEAM BOILERS AND FIRE-GRATES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ewing Pye Colquhoun and John
Pardoe Ferris at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th April 1863.
We, EWING PYE COLQUHOUN and JOHN PARDOE FERRIS, both of No. 1,
Lawrence Pountney Hill, in the City of London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS FOR THE FURNACES
OP STEAM BOILERS AND FIRE-GRATES," to be as follows:-
These fire-bars, unlike the ordinary or generally constructed moveable bars,
are supported near their centre on two bearing bars, partially revolving on
their axes.
The fire-bars on their upper surface are considerably curved to
give strength at the poiut mostly required on the under side; there is cast on
the bars a pin or tongue fitting into holes formed on the bearing bars, which
serve to keep the fire-bars in position, and form the draught or air spaces.
One half the required number of fire-bars necessary to form one tier or range in
a furnace are carried by one bearing bar, and the remaining half by the other
placed in juxtaposition. The fire-bars are so packed in the bearing bars that a
space sufficient for a fire-bar is left between each, so that when the two
bearing bars with their allotted number of fire-bars are arranged in their
proper position the fire-bars carried by each bearing bar dovetail into each
other and form the furnace, with the necessary width of air spaces between
each fire-bar; cast on the side of each bearing bar are teeth, so that when one
bearing bar supporting one balf of one range of bars is moved the bearing bar
in juxtaposition and supporting the other half of the same range of bars moves

page_text: in an opposite direction, causing an extensive lift or upward motion to be
given to all the fire-bars, but while the ends of one half the number of the
bars are being raised the ends of the other half are descending by the side of
tbo uplifted section. Two or more ranges of these fire-bars are easily made
moveable and by one lever only, by the front bearing bars of each and every
range of fire-bars being connected by a rigid rod; the action then given to the
bars in one range is imparted to the bars in the other ranges. The bars can
either be moved by a hand lever, giving an intermittent motion or by being
connected with an engine, and giving a continuous motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Buckingham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1863.
I, JAMES BUCKINGHAM, of Launceston, in the County of Cornwall, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to
be as follows: -
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of ploughs,
the object being to effect the lifting of one mould plate up and the bringing
the other in its proper place to work, at the same time the share is turned
upside down, the whole being secured in its place while being changed from
right to left. I propose to apply two axles or shafts to the plough, the under
one being in connection with the share and the upper one in connection with
the mould plates, both axles being connected by means of an excentric and
crank. In some cases I dispense with the top axle and effect the change by
an excentric wheel on the under axle, close to the body of the plough, and
two chains connected to the wheel and the fixtures of the mould plates, by
which means I very much simplify the movement, decrease the weight of the
plough, and render it less liable to get out of order.
AN IMPROVED HAIR CREASER OR DIVIDER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Cohen Brandès at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd January
1863.
I, JULES COHEN BRANDÈS, of No. 24, Rue de Dunkerque, Paris, in the
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED HAIR CREASER OR DIVIDER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved separating apparatus intended to
facilitate the division of the hair, or, as it is usually termed, "making the
crease." This apparatus is composed of two combs, in each of which the
teeth-heads are so ranged on the flat side or face of the bridge as to form a
series of alternate ribs and grooves, thus:-
Horizontal Section of Bridge -
Cross Section of Teeth
On applying face to face the two combs thus arranged, the projecting ribs
on the bridge of the one dovetail into the grooves of the other, so that the
teeth of both unite to form a single and regular line of points, thus:-
a

page_text: laterally by aid of the handles a, a, fixed to each bridge, the hair will be
divided at the required point with the utmost ease and precision.
The combs may be formed of horn, tortoise-shell, ebonite, or any other
suitable matter, and may be varied in form and dimensions according to their
intended application.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SKIRTINGS' EMPLOYED AS WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Farra at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1863.
I, THOMAS FARRA, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Salesman to
Messrs. Tootal, Broadhurst, Lee, and Company, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SKIRTINGS' EMPLOYED AS
WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to those articles of female apparel called by the trade
and well known as "skirtings," and is designed to render them more durable
as well as of improved appearance.
The Invention consists in interposing at those places liable to wear, between
the series of horizontal folds or "tucks" now used, a piece of fabric containing
ribs or "tucks" in a vertical position, which being "crossway" of the material
gives additional strength, and the adaptation of such vertical "tucks" also
effects an improvement in the appearance, the said "tucks" or ribs being either
made in the fabric by sewing or weaving.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER SPOOLS OR TUBES USED IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Williams and Isaac Naylor
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
14th November 1863.
We, THOMAS WILLIAMS, of No. 232, Bolling Street, Bowling, in the Parish
of Bradford, in the County of York, and ISAAC NAYLOR, of No. 18, St.
James' Square, in Horton, in the said Parish of Bradford, Worsted Spinners,
and carrying on business in co-partnership in Bowling and Bradford aforesaid,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER
SPOOLS OR TUBES USED IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in paper spools or tubes
used in spinning and doubling machines. Heretofore in the manufacture of
paper spools or tubes used in spinning and doubling machines it has been
usual to make them tubular, suitable to fit, bobbins placed on the spindles of
the machines, and the yarns or the doubled yarns have been wound thereon in
the form of "cops," which are conical at each end. Now according to the
present Invention each paper tube has affixed all round one end a projecting
flange. These spools are placed on bobbins which are put on the spindles of
spinning or doubling machines, and have yarns or doubled yarns wound thereon,
but in place of the "cops" being wound conical at each end, as has heretofore
been the case in winding a yarn or a doubled yarn on to a paper tube, the
winding at that end where the flange is formed or applied may extend to a

page_text: diameter as large as the flange, whilst the winding at the other end will be
conical as before, when using paper tubes without flanges. By these means a
paper spool or tube may be made to contain a much larger quantity of yarn
or of doubled yarn than heretofore.
AN IMPROVED MODE OR METHOD OF FILLING TOBACCO PIPES OF AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Robert Tilling and John
Park at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 3rd October 1863.
We, GEORGE ROBERT TILLING, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester,
Millwright, and JOHN PARK, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Die
and Seal Engraver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OR METHOD OF FILLING TOBACCO PIPES OF AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION," to be as follows:-
We fill or charge the bowl, head, or other tobacco-containing part of a pipe
with tobacco from the bottom, the side, or the rear of such bowl, head, or
other tobacco-containing part, in manner which will be well understood as
breech-loading, and to permit of such filling or charging we construct pipes
with apertures at the bottom, the side, or the rear of the bowls, heads, or
other tobacco-containing parts sufficiently large to allow a "charge" or "fill"
to be passed in either under tobacco already lit in the pipe or for filling before
lighting, and such apertures we close by any suitable means. Taking, as an
illustration, a wooden pipe of the ordinary shape, we simply require to form in
the bottom of the head an aperture of sufficient size, and into this aperture to
fit a screwed plug. The other parts would remain as at present, the lighting
being effected in the ordinary way. But to obtain the full advantages of our
improvements a moveable cover over the head of the pipe should be employed
to prevent accident and inconvenience from the blowing out of burning tobacco
or ashes by wind or otherwise.