IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Lord, of Todmorden, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Lord at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 22nd
April 1865.
I, EDWARD LORD, of Todmorden, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,'
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved mode of constructing rollers for
opening and preparing cotton and other fibrous substances in an unmanu-
factured or manufactured state. The rollers are made of two end discs fixed.
on an axle, and a series of intermediate rings which are tenoned together and
to the two end discs, on these discs and rings are cast or fixed sets of teeth
which are hardened by chilling or otherwise; the teeth are set on the rings
and discs so that they act at different parts of the circumference of the roller,
and they are square at each end, so that when blunted by wear they can
easily be ground to sharpen them. In long rollers one or more intermediate

page_text: dises may be applied to increase the strength. The axles of these rollers
revolve in bearings having a shoulder or projection at each end to retain the
oil or other lubricating material, and the necks of the axle are increased in
diameter where they fit in the bearings, this increased diameter of the neck
prevents the lateral motion of the axle in the same manner as the collars
usually applied to the axle. This improved mode of constructing the bearings
is applicable to all machines employed in preparing and spinning cotton and
other fibrous substances, and produces a great saving in the lubricating
material which is retained between the shoulders instead of being wasted by
escaping from the ends of the bearing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters l'atent, filed
by the said Edward Lord in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th
October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
LORD, of Todmorden, in the County of York, Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edward Lord, Her special license that I, the said Edward Lord,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward
Lord, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Lord, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Lord, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in an improved mode of constructing rollers for
opening and preparing cotton and other fibrous substances in an unmanu-
factured or manufactured state. The rollers are made of two end discs fixed
on an axle, and a series of intermediate rings which are tenoned together and
to the two end discs; on these discs and rings are cast or fixed sets of teeth
which are hardened by chilling or otherwise, the teeth are set on the rings and
dises so that they act at different parts of the circumference of the roller, and
they are square at each end, so that when blunted by wear they can easily be
ground to sharpen them. In long rollers one or more intermediate discs may
be applied to increase the strength. The axles of these rollers revolve in
bearings having a shoulder or projection at each end to retain the oil or other
lubricating material, and the necks of the axle are increased in diameter
where they fit in the bearings, this increased diameter of the neck prevents
the lateral motion of the axle in the same manner as the collars usually
applied to the axle. This improved mode of constructing the bearings is
applicable to all machines employed in preparing and spinning cotton and
other fibrous substances, and produces a great saving in the lubricating
material which is retained between the shoulders instead of being wasted by
escaping from the ends of the bearing.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a transverse section of a roller for opening and preparing cotton
and other fibrous substances constructed according to my improvements;
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of part of the same. a is the axle to which
are fixed tho two end discs b, only one of which is shewn; c, c, are a series of
intermediate rings which are tenoned together as shewn in the Drawing or
otherwise, and they extend from one end disc to the other, or in long rollers,
one or more intermediate discs such as the one shewn at d may be applied to
increase the strength of the roller. To the discs and rings are cast or fixed
sets of teeth which are hardened by chilling or otherwise, and the teeth are
set so that whon the drum revolves they act on different parts of the fibres to
be opened or cleaned as shewn in Figure 3; the teeth are square at each end,
and when blunted by wear they can easily be ground to sharpen them, the
square shape of the sets of teeth also permit the drum to be worked in both
directions, so that when one edge of the teeth is worn the position of the drum
may be reversed to bring the other edge into operation. In putting the rings

page_text: together the sets of teeth are placed one in advance of the other as shewn by
dotted lines in Figure 2. Drums of this improved construction are particularly
adapted for opening cotton or other fibrous substances in an unmanufactured
state, but they are also well adapted for tearing up rags, cop bottoms and
other fibrous materials in a manufactured state.
Figure 4 is a section, and Figure 5 an elevation, of a bearing constructed
according to my improvements. a is the neck of the axle, and c is the bearing
furnished with a cap f; this bearing and axle are applicable to the beater of
an ordinary scutcher, but by varying the dimensions and the exterior form,
similar bearings may be adapted to all machines employed in preparing and
spinning cotton and other fibrous substances. The bearing e and cap f have
each a shoulder or projection e, f, at each end to retain the oil or other
lubricating material, and the necks of the axle are reduced in diameter at
each end to form shoulders fitting between the projections e', f', thereby
preventing the end motion of the axle in the same manner as the collars
usually applied to work against the ends of the bearing. These improved
bearings effect a great saving in the lubricating material employed as it is
retained between the shoulders until it is exhausted or used, instead of
being wasted by escaping from the ends of the bearing.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, I declare that I claim,-
First, the improved mode of constructing drums for opening and preparing
fibrous substances and materials.
And, secondly, the improved mode of constructing the bearings of preparing
and spinning machines as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Lord, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of October, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.