IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS FOR BAKING BREAD AND OTHER ALIMENTS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of
France, and 88, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS
FOR BAKING BREAD AND OTHER ALIMENTS."-A communication from Charles
Nicolas Athanase Lesobre, residing at Rue de la Vicille Estrapade,
Paris. in the Empire of France, aforesaid.
Sealed the 3rd October 1866, and dated the 26th May 1866.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Ilenri Adrien Bonneville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition and
Declaration, on the 26th May 1866, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
3 TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, IIENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 24, Rue du
Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester Terrace,
Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS, I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OVENS FOR BAKING BREAD AND OTHER ALIMENTS," communicated to me by
Charles Nicolas Athanase Lesobre, a person residing at Rue de la Vicille
Estrapade, Paris, in the Empire of France, aforesaid, and have petitioned

page_text: Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration
that it is a communication.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal,
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to obtain the following advantages, viz. :-
1stly, a continuous action of the ovens employed for baking bread and other
aliments; 2ndly, perfect cleanliness in the said operations; and, 3rdly,
economy of time, expense, and labour; due attention being paid to the pro-
duction, distribution, and storing of caloric, and whilo employing fuel less
expensive than wood to save at least a part of the heavy and fatiguing work
necessitated by the construction of the ovens now in general use.
The improved apparatus, which it is believed will have the abovo results, is
shown in the accompanying Drawings. It may be made either with a fixed
or rotating sole or plate.
A, circular walls and foundations, made of stone, up to about 16 or 20
inches above ground, and of bricks from thence upward; B, part of the
foundation, which may be filled up with earth or gravel to save time, labour,
and material; C, vault formed in the foundations, permitting access to the
conduits or beat 'flues for cleaning them; D, block of masonry or brickwork
for supporting the step on which the pivot of the sole turns when the said
sole is intended to rotate. The step may be made hollow, D', and receive
the pivot, or form itself a pivot which would enter in an opening in the shaft
of the sole D", so as to form a sort of boss. The latter system is preferable
as it prevents the clogging of the step by the dust. E, continuation of the
heat flues, through which they may be cleaned; F, fixed sole resting on a
number of small blocks of brickwork.F, between which the heat circulates;
this sole is composed of sheet .iron covered with ordinary oven tiks. In
order to obtain greater regularity of heating, it would be well to superpose
two sheet-iron plates, so that the lower plate receives the direct action of the
fire, which it transmits through an open space two inches deep (more or less)
to the tiles; this open space acts as a reservoir for the hent. F", moveable
sole, composed of an iron framework, on which the sheet iron bearing the tiling
is placed horizontally; G, furnace placed on or above the level of the oven
.nouth, and so arranged as to beat in the first place the vault; G', duor
closing hermetically, so as to force the air to pass through the grate;
G", second door receiving the action of the fire; G, door of the ash-box,

page_text: intended with the aid of registers for hermetically closing the heat distributing
apparatus while the oven is at rest, so as to emprison the heated air, and
prevent the cold air entering, which has for result a greater economy of fuel;
H, flues for heating the inside of the oven, coming from the furnace, and
constructed in several pieces of a particular form, as II, H', and I", or of
any other suitable form about three or four centimetres (1 to 2 in.) thick;
I, blocks of brickwork between the heat flues, aiding by their connection
with the above-mentioned pieces in forming the vault, which in order to retain
the heat should have about eighty centimetres (2 ft. 6 in.) thickness at the
keystone; J, vertical flues directing the heat under the sole, and reuniting in
one single flue at the front and one at the back, so as to form two only under
the sole; K, conduits under the sole 40 or 50 centimetres (1 foot 4 in. to
1 ft. 8 in.) wide, on about 12 centimetres (5 in.) high; K', punctuated lines,
showing the direction of the tubes coming from the furnace right and left,
and directed immediately under the sole in an opposite direction to the other
flues, which may be used for this purpose wholly or in part. This arrange-
ment allows by means of registers of carrying the heat more particularly to
those parts of the oven which require it the most. Thus if the vault is too
hot, and the sole not hot enough, the flues which carry the heat directly to
the vault are closed, and those of the sole are opened, and vice versa;
L, chimneys reuniting above the furnace; M, registers for accelerating or
retarding the fire, and for regulating and concentrating the heat; N, empty
space between the furnace and the oven for preventing on this side the too
lively action of the fire. This space may also serve for the passage of the
outer air feeding the furnace. In this passage the air will become partially
heated before entering the furnace. O, lever for turning by friction the
moveable sole, which may also be set in movement by any other known
means, and especially by a cog wheel acting on the outer band O₁ of the sole,
toothed for the purpose; or by a sort of spiked cylinder acting successively on
appendices of a pin or tooth form placed at the lower surface of the outer
circumference (" of the sole; P, covers of sweeping or cleansing conluits;
Q, oven mouth; R, thermometer; S, iron bands for strengthening the oven;
so as to strengthen it still n.ore a larger diameter may be given to its base, as
in S; T, brick work or masonry intended for giving to the vault the thickness
necessary for concentrating the heat; U, space above the furnace, serving for
a steam generator for moving the kneading machine or other apparatus in uso
in the establishment; V, boilers for heating the water necessary for the bre:d
making; X, dotted lines showing a compartment which may be formed over
the vault, to be used for cooking delicate articles, or for raising the dough.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of the said improvements in ovens for
baking bread and other aliments, and in what manner the same are to be
carried into effect, I claim the general arrangement and combination of the
apparatus above described, and particularly the new node of heating from the
top of the vault and of distributing the heat.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
H. BONNEVILLE. (L.S.)