matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE COAST OF A COUNTRY FROM INVASION BY SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cadogan Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1860.
I, CADOGAN WILLIAMS, of Newcastle, in the County of Glamorgan,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE COAST OF A COUNTRY
FROM INVASION BY SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
For this purpose I employ two steamers of sufficient power, to each of
which is attached one end of a chain of considerable strength and length,
adapted to the purpose, whilst the chain is also supported at intervals, and at
a height desired, by suitable buoys or other floating means. The steam or
other vessels referred to are then to be steered so as to enclose the invading
vessels within the chains connected to them, and thereby cripple their
efforts by upsetting or otherwise causing confusion amongst them by which
their destruction may be more easily effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIRECT-ACTION STEAM ENGINES AND PUMPS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Moy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th November
1860.
I, THOMAS MOY, of Clifford's Inn, in the City of London, Mechanical
Engineer and Naval Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DIRECT-ACTION STEAM ENGINES AND PUMPS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction and arrangements of the parts
herein-after stated, whereby four rectangular pistons working in one steam
box, and fitting the interior thereof, are made to produce a continuous revolu-
tion of the crank and shaft. For this purpose two of the pistons are made to
work horizontally and the other two vertically. The two pistons which work
horizontally are connected together by long bolts or rods, so as to leave a space
between them equal to the length of the pistons which work vertically, and
these are also connected together (but at some distance apart) by a suitable
frame, or slab, or otherwise. This frame or means of connection of these two
vertically acting pistons carries brasses in which the crank pin is inserted. By
this means a connection is formed between the crank and the two pistons
which work vertically, and these pistons are caused to act on the crank in the
vertical directions of its revolution, and they travel with it in a horizontal
direction. The two pistons which work horizontally are also made to act
against the ends of the other two pistons and move them in a horizontal direc-
tion. Thus a connection is formed between the two pistons working horizon-

page_text: tally and the two pistons working vertically and the crank, by means of which
the crank is alternately acted upon in a vertical and horizontal direction, and
its continuous revolution effected.
The engine may also be used as a force pump by applying power to the
shaft and adapting ordinary pump valves to the engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS, SHOES, GAITERS, LEGGINGS, AND OVER-SHOES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fowler, of Waterford, Ireland, Gentleman,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS, SHOES, GAITERS, LEGGINGS,
AND OVER-SHOES."
Sealed the 24th May 1861, and dated the 27th November 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fowler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th November
1860.
I, JOHN FOWLER, of Waterford, Ireland, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS, SHOES, GAITERS,
LEGGINGS, AND OVER-SHOES," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to obtain the ease and fit resulting from the
use of gussets or gores of india-rubber or other elastic fabric without the
objectionable appearance of such gussets or gores, and to avoid the liability of
their wearing out from outward and inward friction or in cleaning, and when
desired with the effect of a simple laced up boot or shoe.
Also to the application of elastic laces to boots, shoes, gaiters, leggings,
and over-shoes.
For this purpose at the opening or slit, say, for the lacing up of the boot,
shoe, gaiter, legging, or over-shoe I apply rows of eyelet holes or other suitable

page_text: retaining means, which I thread with elastic tape or cord, and keep the parts
together by the insertion underneath such openings, but so as to be covered
by the fabric of the shoe, boot, gaiter, legging, or over-shoe of breadths of
elastic fabric or material adapted to the elasticity desired; and to prevent such
being acted upon by the stockings or socks or legs of the wearer, I continue
the linings under such parts, slitting such lining to allow its opening with the
expansion of the gusset or gore. Although I have referred to the obtaining
the appearance of a laced-up article I do not confine myself thereto, and the
application of the gussets or gores in the manner described is also applicable
in combination with other and ordinary modes of fastening.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Taylor, Horatio Nelson
Gartside, and John Heap Wood at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th October 1860.
We, JAMES TAYLOR, of "Castle Ironworks," Stalybridge, in the County
of Chester, Machine Maker, HORATIO NELSON GARTSIDE, of Horest Mill, near
Delph, Saddleworth, in the County of York, Cotton Spinner, and JOHN HEAP
WOOD, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING AND
DOUBLING," to be as follows:-
Our improvements apply to such mules as have a "cam shaft" on the
principle of those known as "Sharp, Roberts, & Co's," in which self-acting
mule the belt which drives the mule is traversed backwards and forwards on
the driving pulleys by the action of a cam on the "cam shaft." We have
discovered that considerable advantage is obtained by actuating the belt guide
in advance of the time at which it is actuated by the "cam shaft" in Sharp.
Roberts, & Co's mule, and our Invention consists in combining with mules
having "cam shafts," as above explained, arrangements connected with the
driving belt guide, and actuated by the "radial arm" or "quadrant" or the
"carriage," or by mechanism in connection with these parts, and in dispensing
with the cam hitherto used. So far as our present experience goes, we prefer
to carry out our improvements by jointing a rod to the belt guide, which rod
extends to the front of the headstock, and is there connected with latching
arrangements. The radial arm" or "quadrant" comes against projections on

page_text: the rod as the "carriage" gets near the end of the "stretch," and gradually
pulls the rod and traverses the belt till the latch acts, and when the "carriage
goes up," an arm from the "quadrant" releases the latching arrangements,
and a weight or spring acts on the rod, so as to bring it back and traverse
the belt to the first position, these operations being repeated from each
" stretch."
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Hargreaves and James
Heaton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th February 1860.
We, BENJAMIN HARGREAVES, Pattern Maker, and JAMES HEATON, Loom
Tackler, both of Habergham Eaves, near Burnley, in the County of Lan-
caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention consists in an improved mode of communi-
cating motion from the crank shaft to the lay or batten. The crank arms or
connecting links are jointed at one end to the crank shaft as usual, and the
other end of each link is jointed to a stud, projecting from an arm on a cross shaft
supported in bearings fixed to the lay swords. The point of connection of the
arms and the links is either rather above or below a line drawn from the
crank on the crank shaft, to the stud on the arm of the cross shaft, and a
spring is applied to keep the links firm when the reed beats up the weft.
When the loom is at work and the shuttle fails to box, the ordinary stop rod
acting on a crank on the cross shaft causes the said cross shaft to swivel
partly round, thereby bringing a stop against a stationary frog, and allowing
the crank shaft to complete its revolution, without bringing the reed against
the shuttle and without injury to the various parts of the loom or to the
warp.
Another part of our Invention consists in causing the warp to pass over a
roller to which a positive rotary motion is given from the taking-up roller;

page_text: the warp is held fast between this roller and a weighted top roller, so that
when the loom is at work the requisite amount of warp is unwound off the
warp beam by the said rollers; by this means the weights usually applied to
the warp beam aro dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ridley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1860.
I, JOHN RIDLEY, of Stagshaw, in the County of Northumberland, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:―
My Invention consists in the employment of knives or cutters attached to
an endless belt passed round sheaves or pulleys with one cutting edge toothed
or serrated, and the other plain, in order to suit different crops to be cut. The
belt must be driven in the direction to present the plain edge for grass and
green crops, while for ripe corn and similar crops the belt must be driven in
the contrary direction to present the serrated edge.
My Invention further consists in a means of communicating motion from the
main wheel of the machine to one of the pulleys, and thus to the endless
knife or cutter belt. For this purpose I place upon the shaft of the said
pulley a double conical wheel or drum, the two parts of which are capable
of being fixed at different distances from each other. Between these and in
contact with both of them is the main wheel of the machine. By varying the
distance apart of the two cones steel keeping them both in contact with the
main wheel, the relative working diameters of the conical wheel and drum
and of the main wheel are varied in proportion, and the speed of the pulley
and driving belt are varied in like proportion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING TEMPLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josephus Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th Sep-
tember 1860.
I, JOSEPHUS WALKER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Self-acting
Temple Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING TEMPLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to that kind of self-acting temples called roller
temples, the rollers of which heretofore have run in ordinary neck bearings,
the contractile force of the fabric pulling or drawing the rollers endwise when
in use, pressing the shoulders or ends thereof against the frame or sides of
the bearings, and thus producing considerable friction or drag on the rollers.
Also the cap or covers on such temples have been formed so that the fabric
had to rub against them in passing, thereby increasing the drag. And my
improvements consist, firstly, in having footsteps or centre bearings for the
said rollers, or the pivots thereof which are towards the fabric, or in the
direction of the pressure so as to diminish the friction or drag; secondly,
in so constructing the caps and in arranging the rollers, when three are
employed, that the fabric will not rub against the caps, but pass freely betwixt
the rollers, and when two rollers only are employed, that the fabric will not
rub against the caps on the delivery side of the temples; thirdly, the im-
provements consist in applying a stay or support for holding the caps in firm
position when closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDROSTATIC PRESSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tidcombe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th 'August
1860.
I, GEORGE TIDCOMBE, of Watford Iron Works, in the County of Hertford,
Engineer and Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDROSTATIC PRESSES," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of hydro-
static press applicable to the pressing of what is known in paper-making as-
"half stuff," to the compressing of pulp in the manufacture of papier mâché,
and generally to the compressing of any moist or soft substance into the form
of a cake or block. According to this Invention it is proposed to construct
the box which contains the material or substance to be pressed of wrought
iron in the form of a solid ring, or a rectangle with rounded corners or other-
convenient shape, but without any door or opening for the extraction of the-
compressed material or cake. This box which is without top or bottom, is-
laid upon the table of the hydrostatic press, and the "half stuff" or other-
substance to be pressed is placed within it. The table is now made to rise,
and the material in the box is forced against a projecting plate on the head
of the press whereby it becomes compressed, and the liquid or moisture dis-
charged. The box which is connected to a counterweight by a chain, is held
in this elevated position against the head of the press by means of a lever
catch, which engages with the counterweight so as to hold it down. The

page_text: table of the press is now allowed to descend, and in doing so it draws the
compressed cake along with it out of the the bottom of the box which remains
fixed. The table having descended sufficiently far to admit of the cake
being removed easily therefrom, the counterweight is. released, and the box
descends again on to the table in readiness for another charge.
AN IMPROVED STANDARD GAS METER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bowen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1860.
I, HENRY BOWEN, of Spring Bank, Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan,
Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED STANDARD GAS METER," to be as follows:-
My Invention of an improved standard gas meeter relates, in the first place,
to a novel mode of constructing the drum of gas meters, whereby the friction
of the drum on its bearings is almost entirely removed, and the wear and tear
of the shaft is considerably reduced. The measuring wheel or drum is made
of such a size that one revolution thereof will measure one cubic foot of gas,
and the drum is surrounded by a close annular chamber or air-tight space,
which, when the drum is immersed in the water of the meter, will act as a
float, and by supporting the drum will relieve the bearings from a portion of
its dead weight; the bearings of the drum will therefore be relieved from a
great deal of friction, and the drum will rotate with the least possible pressure
of gas passing through the meter. The dial for indicating the quantity of gas
that has passed through the meter is about 20 inches in diameter, and is
provided with three or more concentric rings, divided in such a manner that
the decimals to the 1000th part of a foot can be readily discerned.
The circular concentric dial plate is stationary, and the index arms are
mounted on the drum shaft. The index arm to indicate the units or part of a
foot is keyed on to the drum shaft, which also carries a pinion of ten teeth

page_text: that gears into an intermediate wheel with one hundred teeth. On the spindle
of this latter is another pinion of ten teeth, which drives another wheel of one
hundred teeth on a sleeve shaft, through which the drum shaft passes. This
sleeve shaft carries a second index arm for indicating the higher numbers on
the dial.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING CANDLES DROPPING OR GUTTERING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elizabeth Steane and Francis
Palling at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 2nd October 1860.
We, ELIZABETH STEANE, of Commercial Place, Brixton Road, in the County
of Surrey, Widow, and FRANCIS PALLING, of Esher Street, Lambeth, in the
same County, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING CANDLES DROPPING OR
GUTTERING," to be as follows:-
We propose to make a ring or tube of metal or any suitable material, which
will when in use encircle the candle; from this ring or tube a bent arm or
bent arms or standards will rise. Attached to the arm or arms will be a small
tube, through which the wick of the candle is to pass, and from the top of
this tube radii of four or more pieces of metal will project at right angles with
the tube to hold or support a piece of talc or other transparent material, such
as glass, to be laid on the radii when the candle is to be moved (alight) from
one place to another, or when the lighted candle is exposed to strong draughts
of air. (The whole apparatus descends on the candle as the latter is con-
sumed by the flame.) Or instead of the ring or tube first mentioned, we
propose to use, attached to the small metal tube by arms of thin wire, a
shoulder piece; the use of this latter will be to prevent the flame of the candle
when moved about from lapping over the tallow, and thus causing a dropping

page_text: or guttering thereof. For moulded or dip tallow candles, the wicks of which
are not self-consuming, we propose the tube through which the wick will pass
should be inclined instead of vertical, that the burnt wick may fall over out of
the flame and consume by contact with the air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Modeste Titus Octave Coen
Albites at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd March 1860.
I, PIERRE MODESTE TITUS OCTAVE COEN ALBITES, of No. 34, Rue Vivienne,
in the City of Paris, Photographer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this apparatus is to simplify the work of the photographic
manipulator, for which purpose the ordinary dark chamber and travelling tent
are dispensed with. The whole of the process being done in the dark chamber
of the apparatus, and as it is done mechanically, the work is performed moro
regularly, and it is more accessible to every one. It can easily be understood
that the suppression of the dark chamber and travelling tent will very much
facilitate a rapid manipulation, and avoid a multitude of inconveniences and
embarrassments occasioned by the necessity of leaving the apparatus to operate
as heretofore.
Figs. 1, 2, & 3 represent different views of this apparatus. A is the bath
containing the sensitive liquid; B, moveable slide, serving to hold the sensitive
plate and to put the ground glass in position; C, C, two fixed frames or
grooves fixed to the drawer of the apparatus, and serves for moving backwards
and forwards the slide which holds the prepared glass; E is the positive bath,
made of coloured glass; it is placed in the interior of the apparatus, and
receives the glass after the impression by the light, and developes it instanta-

page_text: neously; F, a small cord passing over the two small pullies J, J, to move the
slide carrying the prepared glass, and to dip it into the sensitive bath; L is
the negative bath with coloured glass permitting the photograph to be developed
in the open air.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN JACQUARD APPARATUS' TO BE EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benoit Bonnet at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
1860.
I, BENOIT BONNET, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN JACQUARD APPARATUS' TO BE EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to an apparatus or piece of mechanism well known
as the "jacquard," whereby figures or patterns are now commonly wrought in
looms, and the Invention applies particularly to that part of such apparatus
called the "spring box," which contains a series of springs fitting loosely into
orifices in the said box, and used to keep the springs in contact with the
pattern "cards."
My improvements consist in the employment of a lighter or more delicately
made, or weaker description of springs in the "box" than has hitherto been
practicable, and by such improvements I am enabled to employ "pattern
cards" of a lighter substance, and consequently less costly, whereby con-
siderable economy is effected. The "springs," as ordinarily used are short,
and merely placed loosely in the holes or recesses of the "spring box;" but the
improved "springs" are made longer, and each separately enclosed in a tube,
which fits into the recesses or holes of the "spring box," and thus the spring
is kept much steadier and certain in its action. A much finer quality or
construction of spring may be used than those ordinarily employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MINERAL CHALYBEATE WATER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Barker and Julius
Schweitzer at the Office of the Commisioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th May 1860.
We, WILLIAM ROBERT BARKER and JULIUS SCHWEITZER, of No. 29, Chapel
Street, Belgrave Square, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist, do hereby
declaro the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MINERAL CHALYBEATE WATER," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to the preparation of artificial mineral chalybeate
waters whereby a proto-salt of iron, and its solution in the mineral water, is so
effected and prepared as to ensure its greatest purity, and the retention of all
its chemical properties. The atmospheric air or oxygen usually contained in
water (previous to its being charged with carbonic acid) is used for converting
part of the iron into a protoxide, the rest and principal portion of the iron being
however acted on and dissolved by the conjoined influence of the water itself,
and the carbonic acid it is charged with under pressure, thus retaining all the
chemical properties of the waters for an unlimited period, which is not the case
with mineral waters at present manufactured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Newton Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
Partly a communication from abroad by Lucius Bijelur,
February 1860
of Boston, United States.
I, WILLIAM NEWTON WILSON, of 144, High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer of Sewing Machines, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES, AND APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
First, in arranging the parts of a double thread or two needle sewing
machine, so as to secure absolutely the machine from missing its stitch, and
which I accomplish by means of a lever, so attached to the machine as to
operate a moveable hook, which takes the loop of the under thread & spreads
it till the upper needle stepping into it slips off the hook, & the stitch is com-
pleted.
Secondly, in arranging the parts of a single thread machine, so as to operate
the parts by direct rotary motion, the under instrument for spreading and
securing the loop being a peculiar form of rotating hook, nearly circular in
form, but pointed at one end and split or divided at the other, which ensures
great certainty in action. This machine is designed to be placed upon or
secured to an ordinary table.
Thirdly in another arrangement of parts for a single thread machine, in
which I employ an instrument consisting of two hooks peculiarly arranged, &
acting together. The langest enters the loop formed by the needle, & in its

page_text: motion slips it upon the shorter hook, which opens it in such a manner that
the needle passes through it in its downward motion. In its retrograde move-
ment it leaves the loop upon the needle & then goes forward for another. The
feeder in this machine is a small lever with serated points, working on a centre
connected with the crank shaft.
My improvements in apparatus consist, first in a new instrument for hem-
ming & felling, which is arranged by means of two curved pieces of metal, the
one fixed for the width required, & the other operated by a spring so as to
fold the hem in the manner done by hand, leaving the back stitch on the face
side of the work.
Secondly, in a new adjustable instrument for regulating the width of tuck.
This instrument consists of two suitably shaped pieces of metal connected
together at one end, & with a sliding piece working between and adjusted by
screws for regulating the width of the tuck, & the pressure on the cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF HEATING THE DRYING ROOMS, SHEDS, OR STORIES USED BY POTTERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF BRICKS AND TILES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Bewley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February
1860.
I, RICHARD BEWLEY, junior, of Brook House Foundry, Uttoxeter, in the
County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF HEATING THE DRYING ROOMS, SHEDS, OR STORIES
USED BY POTTERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF BRICKS AND TILES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in adapting and applying a current or currents of
heated air produced or impelled by mechanical means, instead of the ordinary
mode of heating the air contained in the drying rooms, sheds, or stories used
by potters and manufacturers of bricks and tiles by means of stones placed in
the rooms, or by flues passing along or under their floors, or other ordinary
modes of heating the air in such situations.
The air is heated by passing through a "cockle," or a system of iron pipes
enclosed in an oven, in a similar manner to the apparatus used for heating air
for blast furnaces; and the air so heated externally to the said drying rooms,
sheds, or stories is forced into them through pipes of earthenware or other
suitable material, by means of a fan or other pneumatic apparatus driven by
mechanical power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE ASCENDING AND DESCENDING IN PITS OR MINES OF WORKMEN, WAGGONS, CARRIAGES, AND MATERIALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philippe Fromont at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
June 1860.
I, PHILIPPE FROMONT, of Chatelinau, Province of Hainaut, Belgium,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE ASCENDING AND DESCENDING IN PITS OR
MINES OF WORKMEN, WAGGONS, CARRIAGES, AND MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of two series of gearing or toothed wheels placed
opposite each other at intervals, in frames let into the masonry or rock of the
shaft of the pit or mine the entire depth thereof, each pair of wheels being
coupled on the same axis. In connection with the above is a cage to hold the
waggons or the workmen. Said cage is fitted with racks sufficiently long to
gear into four of the wheels above mentioned, upon rotatory motion being
imparted to the wheels aforesaid in the proper direction by crank handles or
otherwise; and these said wheels acting upon the racks attached to the cage,
the cage will ascend with its load, and any number of cages required for the
service of the pit or mine may be caused to ascend by these means. Each set
of the toothed wheels above mentioned is furnished with two rods, connecting
the crank handles of the said wheels from the top to the bottom of the pit or
mine. Said rods are intended to receive continuous motion from a steam
engine.
By means of this arrangement a simultaneous and continuous movement is

page_text: ensured, whether there be a load to raise or let down or not. The unloaded
cage is transferred to the descending part of the shaft of the pit or mine,
which is also fitted with similar mechanism to that .above described, and by
reversing the direction of motion of the machinery the empty cage may be
lowered down the shaft ready to be loaded and again raised, as before stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AXLE-BOXES AND AXLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bewicke Blackburn and Henry Carr
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
22nd May 1860.
We, BEWICKE BLACKBURN, of Clapham Common, in the County of Surrey,
and HENRY'CARR. of Victoria Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAILWAY AXLE-BOXES AND AXLES," to be as follows:-
.
We construct the axle boxes of railway carriages and wagons, with an oil
chamber below the axle, from which the oil is raised to a pad or brush in
contact with the journal of the axle by the capillary attraction of pieces of
cotton wick or similar material dipping in the oil. The axle is thus well
lubricated, but the oil has a tendency to spread on the shoulder and along the
larger part of the axle, and thus to be wasted. The centrifugal force
produced by the rapid revolution of the axle increases the tendency of the oil
to pass over the shoulder. To prevent this waste of oil we apply a ring or
flange of metal or leather, or other suitable material on the part of the axle
adjoining the shoulder of the journal, or we turn or otherwise form a groove behind
the shoulder, so as to form the shoulder into a ring or flange. The centrifugal
force has a tendency to carry the oil to the edge of this flange, but to prevent
it from returning again towards the axis on the other side of the flange. The
oil which arrives at the edge of this flange (which may be smoothed or scolloped
is thrown off by the centrifugal force and received in the axle-box, the upper
part of which is inclined, so that the oil may drain back towards the journal,
or we construct the pad or pads, which lubricate the lower side of the axle of
sufficient length to come in contact with the flange, and thus to wipe off the

page_text: oil from it. The pads may be pushed up by springs or may be supported on
a spindle or axis parallel to and at about the same level as the centre of the
axle, and may be pressed up by a bent lever and a weight or spring. When
the axle has its bearings inside the wheels, we apply the aforesaid flanges and
appliances at both ends of the journal, so as to prevent the escape of the oil
in either direction. A collar of leather or other suitable material may be placed
at one or both ends of the axle-box to prevent the entrance of dust and dirt
This collar may be fitted to a part of the axle of the same or larger diameter
than the aforesaid flange or to a cylindrical ring of similar diameter fitted on
the axle, or the aforesaid flange may be made moveable and capable of being
taken off the axle so as to facilitate the removal of the axle-box and collar
when necessary.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF CARDING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hulme at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st October
1860.
I, GEORGE HULME, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF CARDING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR THAT PURPOSE," to
be as follows:-
The object of my said Invention is to ensure uniform length of lap in the
piecing of rolls, slivers, or cardings of wool or other materials after the same
have been doffed from the carding engine. In piecing apparatus, as usually
constructed, the length by which one set of rolls or cardings is allowed to
overlap the ends of the preceding set to which they are to be pieced, is liable
to irregularity through variation in the relative speed of the creeper or flexible
travelling apron by which the rolls or cardings are conveyed to the rubbers, as
compared with that of the chain of buckets which receives the said rolls or
cardings from the engine and deposits them upon the creeper. My Inven-
tion consists in imparting certainty and regularity to the motion of the creeper
by making a positive connection between it and its driving roller, by means of
interlocking projections and depressions, pins, teeth, or other mechanical
means, instead of allowing it, as heretofore, to be dependent for its motion upon
the friction or adhesion of contact between its surface and that of the said

page_text: roller. By this arrangement (the driving roller of the creeper and that of
the bucket chain being mutually in gear), the creeper and buckets must
necessarily move in unison, and maintain the same relative positions without
either getting unduly in advance or in arrear of the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' BERTHS, BEDSTEADS, AND SOFAS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Tribe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th October
1860.
I, THOMAS TRIBE, of Princes Square, Kennington, in the County of Surrey,
Master Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' BERTHS, BEDSTEADS, AND SOFAS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in ships' berths, bedsteads, and sofas, consists in arranging
the cot or bottom part of those articles to accommodate itself to the rolling
motion of the vessel in which they are used, which is accomplished by
supporting the part on which the cot or sleeping berth rests at its ends on
gimballs or pivots, so that the same is free to turn as the vessel rolls, and
maintain a horizontal position.
In a ship's berth so constructed, the mattress and bed would be laid within
a semicircular cot, which may be formed of wickerwork, wood, or metal, but
the ends of the same must be rigid and furnished with gimballs or pivots
placed on a level with the top, and in a line with the centre of the said cot,
the said gimballs resting in bearings or sockets fitted in the bulkheads of the
cabius, and to prevent the said cot turning on its pivots, when not required,
one or more bolts are fitted for holding it in a steady position as in a standing
or fixed berth. In special cases in order to ease the motion of the said berth

page_text: fore and aft as the vessel pitches, its two ends press against springs with which
it is furnished.
These arrangements are applicable to ships' bedsteads and sofas of every
description, and will not only be of much value for vessels employed in
carrying invalids, but also for all passenger ships and steamers.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF FIRING OR IGNITING EXPLOSIVE GASEOUS COMPOUNDS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Hugon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th November
1860.
I, PIERRE HUGON, of Paris, in the French Empire, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
FIRING OR IGNITING EXPLOSIVE GASEOUS COMPOUNDS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention is intended to effect improvements on an Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to me on the 6th March 1860, No. 615, and
consists in the employment of gas (instead of electricity) for firing or igniting
explosive gaseous compounds. The gas is admitted at stated intervals into a
chamber through a pipe provided with two or more orifices at top and bottom.
The gas which issues through the orifices impinges against two platina wire
plates, and is ignited by a jet of gas kept constantly burning at the upper part
of the chamber. The gas thus ignited soon heats to a red heat the platina
wire plates, which, in combination with the gas, cause the explosion of the
mixture.
The mixtures are admitted by the following arrangement of apparatus, all
being worked by the action of one cam, but any other arrangement can be
adopted; a slide valve is free to move in suitable guides near the top of the
chamber in connection with the cam just mentioned, so is another valve at
the bottom of the chamber; these valves are so arranged that when one is

page_text: open the other is closed. There is a piston between the two valves, which acts
in combination with the top slide valve. This piston works in a stuffing box
terminating in a water reservoir to prevent any escape of the gaseous pro-
ducts. Gas is supplied to the chamber from a receiver furnished with a
caoutchouc cover. The means before described for exploding the mixtures are
applicable in all cases where it is required to utilize the force of detonating
compositions.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OPEN FIRE-PLACES, & IN THEIR FLUES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Waugh Fernie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1860.
I, EBENEZER WAUGH FERNIE, of 11, Old Jewry Chambers, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OPEN FIRE-PLACES, & IN THEIR FLUES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in placing above the fuel in the fire-place at some
short distance from the upper surface of the fuel a partition, closed all round
except just in front, where a narrow slit or opening is left to act as the flue, &
for escape of the products of combustion. The partition is made preferably of
a fire-clay slab or brick, (but other materials can be used, and it is placed either
in a horizontal line or at an angle. The effect of interposing this partition
instead of leaving the chimney entirely open, as usually done, is that no heat
is radiated up the chimney from the upper surface of the ignited fuel, the
partition becoming hot reflects its heat upon the fresh fuel, aiding thereby its
ignition and the consuming of its smoke, & serving to deflect or reflect the heat
into the apartment.
That part of the fire-place which is commonly left open, namely, that above
the grating, is, under my Invention, closed above the point where the partition
is fixed, but this closed part is made to subserve the purpose of a reflector of
the heat into the apartment by its becoming heated through the flue running
immediately behind it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS AT MINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sherratt Cope, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th January 1860.
I, WILLIAM SHERRATT COPE, of Hanley, Staffordshire, Mining Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS AT MINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for preventing
accidents at mines; for these purposes, in order to prevent the skip or cage
being drawn over the pulley, in the event of want of attention of the engino
man or from accidental causes, a peculiar arrangement or combination of
apparatus is applied by which the end of the rope or chain is disengaged from
the skip or cage and by other apparatus; the skip or cage is upheld by
folding flaps which are so arranged as to open upwards to allow the apparatus
to which the skip or cage is suspended to pass, and then by folding down
under such apparatus they form a platform for it to rest on, when it and the
skip or cage are disengaged from the end of the rope or chain. The apparatus
for connecting the end of the rope or chain to the cage or skip, consists of
a pair of hooks, the points of which pass through the eye or link or ring at the
end of the rope or chain in opposite directions. These hooks move in. a
circular groove, and are prevented leaving hold of the chain or rope by a spring
or springs by which the hooks are retained securely within the eye or link or
ring at the end of the rope or chain till such spring or springs is or are pressed

page_text: on by a sliding cylinder or instrument which by the further ascent of the rope or
chain is pressed up against a fixed cross head through which the rope passes,
but which prevents the cylinder or instrument passing, so that the apparatus to
which the skip or cage is suspended,-and-which contains the hooks and the
spring or springs above mentioned is prevented ascending beyond the cross
head, and the rope or chain is disconnected. Sliding bolts may be similarly
employed to connect the end of the rope or chain to the apparatus to which
the skip or cage is suspended.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLINDS, CALLED VENETIAN OR JALOUSIES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the-
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
June 1860. A communication from abroad by Victor Bellut, of Puy-
en-Velay, Haute Loire, France, Architect.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge & Son, of No. 11.
Wellington Street, Strand, London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLINDS, CALLED VENETIAN
OR JALOUSIES," communicated to me from abroad by Victor Bellut, of Puy-en-
Velay, Haute Loire, France, Architect, to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in regulating the play of the Venetian or other-
blind, and of the case thereof, by the combination of the form of the wood and
a hidden pivot lock, so as to permit a perfect adjustment, as well when the-
Venetian is open as when shut or folded in its casing when a casing is used..
regulating its uniform effect. This disposition necessitates in its combination
the establishment of a small balcony to each window, (offering also the advan-
tage of a grand balcony when desired without its great expence, nor the
conditions of height to which balconies are subjected by the surveyors,) it
permits and readily adapts itself to a rich or simple ornamentation without
losing its simplicity. The pivot lock or fastening is very simple, and is.
composed of a wrought or cast-iron plate horizontally fixed to the cill stone- of
the window, and which serves as socket of a vertical spindle moving through

page_text: the centre of the laths, furnished at the base with a small horizontal plate,
and with a vertical plate intended to fix the spindle for the adjustment of the
blinds and their cover. The parts mentioned as of iron may be of brass or
other metal.
PREVENTING ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Amèdie Benoit Fournier, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1860.
I, AMEDIE BENOIT FOURNIER, of 46, King Street, Soho, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "PREVENTING ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
The lever combined with wheels which catch one another, or as a cog wheel
in a straight line. My Invention consists of a lever combined for preventing
the collision of locomotives coming or going to meet one another in a straight
line, in a curved line, or when many lines traverse the one and the other.
This system consists in a little apparatus supporting the levers, as mentioned
above, placed on the way at a distance of 1100 yards one from the other, but
communicating with each other in every 2200 yards, and by that means fore-
warning any locomotive which is within the distance of 2200 yards either
before or behind. Supposing some carriages become detached on the line,
and a train coming before or behind is obliged to stop, the engine driver
who is warned of the approach of a train by the apparatus, which shuts off the
steam, and which gives an alarm by whistling. By these precautions it would
be impossible for any accident to happen. This system possesses also a great
advantage in suppressing the use of signals.
IMPROVED HAIR PINS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Romeu at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1860.
I, FRANÇOIS ROMEU, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED HAIR PINS,"
to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in bending the branches of the hair pins at an angle
instead of making them parallel as is usual; and I use hard metallic wire to
make them so that the bent part of the pins acting as a spring keeps the
branches in or brings them back to their angular position when they have
been introduced into the hair with the branches brought nearly parallel by:
the pressure of the fingers; both branches thus press against the hair and are
therefore less liable to fall out.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS USED TO DAMP PAPER FOR COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER. DOCUMENTS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Pritty at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th August
1860.
I, HENRY PRITTY, of 6, Victoria Grove, West Brompton, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS USED TO DAMP PAPER FOR COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER.
DOCUMENTS," to be as follows:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used to damp
paper for copying letters and other documents. For these purposes a roller of
wood is employed, which turns freely on an axis fixed to a handle at one end.
This roller is usually kept immersed in water till it is required for use, when
it is taken out from the water and allowed to drain for a short time whilst
held slightly inclined. The vessel for containing the water consists of a tube:
which is closed at the bottom, and of somewhat larger diameter than the roller..
This tube or vessel is of a length sufficient to allow of the roller being im-
mersed in the water contained therein; but such as to admit of part of the.
handle coming above the top of the tube or vessel. At the upper part of this.
tube or vessel there is another vessel suitable for containing a supply of water.
This vessel is closed at top, bottom, and sides, but it has an opening at the
bottom, which opens into the upper part of the tube just below the point at
which it is desired to maintain the water level in the tube when the roller is
not therein. By this arrangement water will.not flow from the supply vessel,

page_text: except when a quantity has been taken away by the roller, so as to cause the
water level in the tube to come below the upper part of the opening into the
supply vessel; when air being allowed to pass into the supply vessel, a
quantity of water will flow into the tube till the opening into the supply vessel
is again covered.