Improvements in and relating to Machines for Making Type-Bars for Printing.
Year: 1896

page_text: Improvements in and relating to Machines for Making Type-Bars
for Printing.
I, HENRY RICHARDSON ROGERS, of 318 West 116th Street, New York, United
States of America, at present residing at 20 Brunswick Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Physician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to machines of the kind in which finger-keys are
so arranged in conjunction with other mechanism that by their operation a properly
spaced and justified line of intaglio type-characters or matrics can be formed
and a line of type be cast or moulded therefrom.
According to my invention I so construct machines of this or a similar kind
that simultaneously with the formation of the line of intaglio type-characters or
matrices a similar line of cameo type-characters will be brought into a position
where they can be observed by the operator and if desired a proof thereof be taken
at the same time that the casting operation is effected.
My improved machine comprises essentially a number of segmental plates or
wedge shaped dises arranged in two series mounted upon separate but contiguous
shafts, each disc on one shaft being interposed between two adjacent discs on the
other shaft. Each of the so called discs consists of two arc-shaped segments,
diametrically opposite to each other, the remainder of the peripheries of the discs
heing cut away. The edges of the segments are inclined on one side, so that the
width of each segment gradually increases from one end of the same to the other
and the segments become wedge shaped. The discs of the two so ries are so mounted
upon their shafts that the inclined faces of the adjacent disc segments of the
opposing series face each other, so that normally the narrow portions of such
segments are in contact. On the outer surface or periphery of each of the disc
segments, are formed the characters of a single font of type, the characters being
arranged so as to read transversely of the edge or periphery, and their position on
the segment being regulated in accordance with their width, the narrowest character

page_text: being at the narrowest portion of the segment. The extreme narrow end of
cach segment is, however, left blank in order that it may serve for the formation
of spaces between words and sentences in the completed line. The type characters
upon the arc-shaped segments of the series of discs that are nearest the keyboard
are raised, or cameo characters, while the type characters formed upon the
opposite segments are intaglio, or depressed characters. This arrangement corres-
ponds to the functions which such characters are designed to perform, the cameo
characters being intended to lie in the sight of the operator as they are brought to
a determined line, which may be termed the line of sight, while the intaglio
characters when brought to a corresponding line, which may be termed the line
of casting, are to serve as a mould for the formation of the type characters upon the
stereotype bars. The discs are rotated so as to present the desired characters in the line
of sight by a suitable connection with the keyboard. The discs.of the two series
as they are brought into position move in opposite directions, the inclined sides
thereof sliding against each other until the proper character is in the desired
line.
The level on the keyboard of the finger keys representing the various type
characters which I use in my machine varies in accordance with the width of the
characters represented thereon and the consequent amount of rotation which is
to be imparted to the corresponding type discs. The type levers hearing wide
type characters are raised, while the type levers bearing narrow type characters
are on a lower level, so that when depressed they will move through distances
corresponding with the width of the characters which they represent.
The actuating mechanism connecting the type levers with the type discs is so
arranged that such type discs are actuated in succession according to their arrange-
ment upon their supporting shafts, and so that a disc can be rotated to bring any
desired character into the line of sight without affecting the angular movement or
position of the remaining discs. In this manner I am able to operate the entire
series of discs with a single koyboard.
Suitable indicators are provided for showing the number of type discs which
have been brought into position in the line of type being assembled, and a corres-
ponding indicator is employed over the mechanism connecting the finger keys
with the type discs, so that the condition of the line being formed can be con-
stantly determined; and in case of any mistake being discovered in such line, the
actuating mechanism can be adjusted so as to correct the position of the disc
presenting the wrong character without altering the position of the remaining
discs.
Means are provided for justifying the line of type, and for releasing the type
discs and causing them to return to their original position after the casting of
each type bar.
Mechanism is further provided for bringing the mould box into position over the
intaglio type characters at the line of casting, a charge of molten stereotype metal
being forced into the said mould to form a single bar of type, which is subsequently
discharged onto an endless carrier after the mould box has been shifted from its
proximity to the line of casting. At the same time an ink ribbon is brought over
the cameo characters arranged in the line of sight, and a strip of paper fed from
a suitable roll to be pressed against such cameo characters with sufficient force to
leave a proof or impression of such characters on the same. Such strip of paper
is then raised, and fed forward so as to provide a clear space for the next impres-
sion. After these various operations have been performed the type discs are
unlocked from the positions in which they were held while the printing and bar
casting operations were taking place, and brought back to their normal positions.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Machines for Making Type-Bars
for Printing.
I, HENRY RICHARDSON ROGERS, of 318 West 116th Street, New York, United
States of America, at present residing at 20 Brunswick Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Physician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to machines of the kind in which finger-keys are
so arranged in conjunction with other mechanism that by their operation a properly
spaced and justified line of intaglio type-characters or matrices can be formed
and a line of type he cast or moulded therefrom.
According to my invention I so construct machines of this or a similar kind
that simultaneously with the formation of the line of intaglio type-characters or
matrices a similar line of cameo type-characters will be brought into a position
where they can be observed by the operator and if desired a proof thereof be taken
at the same time that the casting operation is effected.
My improved machine comprises essentially a number of segmental plates or
wedge shaped discs arranged in two series mounted upon separate but contiguous
shafts, each disc on one shaft being interposed between two adjacent discs on the
other shaft. Each of the so called discs consists of two arc-shaped segments,
diametrically opposite to each other, the remainder of the peripheries of the discs
being cut away. The edges of the segments are inclined on one side, so that the
width of each segment gradually increases from one end of the same to the other
and the segments become wedge-shaped. The discs of the two series are so mounted
upon their shafts that the inclined faces of the adjacent dise segments of the
opposing series face each other, and so that normally the narrow portions of such
segments are in contact. On the outer surface or periphery of each of the disc
segments, are formed the characters of a single font of type, the characters being
arranged so as to read transversely of the edge or periphery, and their position on
the segment being regulated in accordance with their width, the narrowest character
being at the narrowest portion of the segment. The extreme narrow end of
each segment is, however, left blank in order that it may serve for the formation
ni spaces between words and sentences in the completed line. The type characters
upon the arc-shaped segments of the series of discs that are nearest the keyboard
are raised, or cameo characters, while the type characters formed upon the
opposite segments are intaglio, or depressed characters. This arrangement corres-
ponds to the functions which such characters are designed to perform, the cameo
characters being intended to lie in the sight of the operator as they are brought to
a determined line, which may be termed the line of sight, while the intaglio
characters when brought to a corresponding line, which may be termed the line
of casting, are to serve as a mould for the formation of the type characters upon the
stereotype bars. The discs are rotated so as to present the desired characters in the line
of sight by a suitable connection with the keyboard. The discs of the two series
as they are brought into position move in opposite directions, the inclined sides
thereof sliding against each other until the proper character is in the desired
line.
The level on the keyboard of the finger keys representing the various type
characters which I use in my machine varies in accordance with the width of the
characters represented thereon and the consequent amount of rotation which is
to be imparted to the corresponding type discs. The type levers bearing wide

page_text: type characters are raised, while the type levers bearing narrow type characters
are on a lower level, so that when depressed they will move through distances
corresponding with the width of the characters which they represent.
The actuating mechanism connecting the type levers with the type discs is so
arranged that such type discs are actuated in succession according to their arrange-
ment upon their supporting shafts, and so that a disc can be rotated to bring any
desired character into the line of sight without affecting the angular movement or
position of the remaining discs. In this manner I am able to operate the entire
series of discs with a single keyboard.
Suitable indicators are provided for showing the number of type discs which
have been brought into position in the line of type being assembled, and a corres-
ponding indicator is employed over the mechanism connecting the finger keys
with the type discs, so that the condition of the line being formed can be con-
stantly determined; and in case of any mistake being discovered in such line, the
actuating mechanism can be adjusted so as to correct the position of the disc
presenting the wrong character without altering the position of the remaining discs
Means are provided for justifying the line of type, and for releasing the type
discs and causing them to return to their original position after the casting of
each type bar.
Mechanism is further provided for bringing the mould box into position
opposite the intaglio type characters at the line of casting, a charge of molten
stereotype metal being forced into the said mould to form a single
bar of type, which is subsequently discharged on to an endless carrier
after the mould box has been shifted from its proximity to the line
of casting. At the same time an ink ribbon is brought over the
cameo characters arranged in the line of sight, and a strip of paper fed from
a suitable roll to be pressed against such cameo characters with sufficient force to
leave a proof or impression of such characters on the same. Such strip of paper
is then raised, and fed forward so as to provide a clear space for the next impres-
sion. After these various operations have been performed the type discs are
unlocked from the positions in which they were held while the printing and bar
casting operations were taking place, and brought back to their normal positions.
And in order that my invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into effect I will proceed to describe the same by the aid of the accompanying
drawings in which:--
Figure 1 is a perspective view of my machine.
Figure 2 is a side elevation thereof taken from the side on which the proof and
matrix lever is stationed and showing parts of the frame broken away.
Figure 3 is a top plan view of my machine.
Figure 4 is a side view taken from the side opposite to that shown in Figure 2.
Figure 5 is a front view of the machine.
Figure 6 is a detail perspective view, showing the type discs and the operative
connections thereof.
Figure 7 is a plan section of the casting mechanism, showing the parts in the
position they assume when a type bar is being cast.
Figure 8 is a vertical section of the mould box, the plunger M and the parts in
direct connection therewith, showing the plunger in its normal position.
Figure 9 is a detail section showing the mould box, the type bar receiver, the
endless carrier, and the parts in connection therewith.
Figure 10 is a detail perspective view of a portion of the proof taking
mechanism.
Figure 11 is a section of a portion of the proof taking mechanism showing the
line of movement of the strip of paper on which the proof is to be taken.
Figure 12 is a detail perspective view of the mould box, showing especially the
slug ejecting mechanism, the parts being shown in the position they assume just
before the slug is ejected.
A represents the machine frame, which is oblong in shape, its dimensions

page_text: being regulated by the width of the stereotype har which the machine is intended
to cast, and by the size of the type used. The frame may be made of any suitable
material, but preferably of steel. In this frame are mounted the series of type
discs B and C; the keys forming the keyboard D; the printing, or proof-taking
attachment E; the melting pot F; the mould-box G; the proof and matrix lever H,
and the mechanism connected therewith for actuating the printing or proof-
taking and the casting mechanisms; the endless carrier I for receiving the type
bars as they are formed; and indicators J and J for showing the condition of the
line being formed.
The
In the following description the construction of these parts will be set forth in
detail, as well as the various connecting parts which serve to make up the complete
machine, after which the operation of the machine as a whole will be considered.
Type Dises-The principal or fundamental feature of construction embodied
in my machine is the placing of the type characters which suffice for the formation
of any desired sequence of words upon the peripheries or outer edges of the two
series of co-acting discs B and C, and in the use of type characters, arranged
reversely with reference to each other, on diametrically opposite segments of the
discs. One side of each of the disc-segments is inclined so that the
outer edge or periphery of such segment is wedge-shaped. The inclined
faces of the two segments of each disc are on the same side of the disc.
inclination of the two sides of the two segments of each disc is further reversely
arranged, so that the narrow and broad portions of the wedge-shaped segments
occur at diametrically opposite points. The type characters of an entire font of
type are formed upon the edge of each disc segment, such characters being
preferably cast with the disc segment, though any other desired construction may be
employed. The type characters are raised, or cameo, on the side of the type dise
toward the operator, as shown at b and c, and depressed, or intaglio on the opposite
side of the machine, as shown at 6 and e. This arrangement conforms with the
functions which the parts are desired to perform, as the proof-taking attachment
is stationed at the front of the machine and operates in connection with the raised
or cameo type-characters, whereas the type-casting mechanism is operated at the
rear of the machine in connection with the intaglio characters. The type characters
are arranged so as to be read transversely of the edge of the disc segments, and
are placed in the order of their width, the narrowest characters being at the thin
edge of the segments, and the wide characters at the thick end thereof. The
characters are arranged at regular intervals over the curved face of the segments,
so that the increment of rotation which is required to be imported to the dises to
bring the succeeding characters into a definite and predetermined line is the same
for each of the type characters. No type characters are formed upon the extreme
narrow portion of the edge of the wedge-shaped disc segments, however, as shown
at b and c, but such portions are left blank to serve as spaces between words and
sentences. The type discs are mounted upon separate shafts, 1 and 2, with the
inclined faces of the adjacent discs of the two opposing series facing each other,
and are normally held by the action of the springs 63 and 3 at such an angle to each
other that only the extreme or blank portions of the disc segments are in contact.
The springs and are fastened at their upper ends to rods e, which extend
transversely of the machine and are secured to the frame thereof.
The lines of contact thus formed on the opposite sides of the discs are those at
which the printing and casting operations are arranged to take place. The dises
are mounted loosely upon their shafts, so as to freely slide upon the same, but are
normally held in close contact by the pressure of springs & and e, against a pres-
sure plate, which presses against the end disc of that side on which lateral move-
ment is permitted. The portions of the discs between the disc segments are cut
away, as shown, so as to permit the rotation of the dise segments in the desired
directions and to furnish space for the location and operation of other mechanisms
connected with the machine.
In the assembling of the type characters which are to form any desired sequence

page_text: of words, the type discs are moved forward in opposite directions, the inclined sides
of the adjacent discs of the opposing series sliding against each other until the
desired characters are in the predetermined line to be formed. The respective
dises are operated in regular sequence, and as they take their place in the line to
be formed, the wedge-shaped segments thereof force the inactive discs to slide
along upon their shafts until the disc which is being operated is brought into the
proper position. When so operated, the cameo type characters arrange themselves
in the line which is visible to the operator, and which, therefore, may be appro-
priately termed the line of sight, while the intaglio characters arrange them-
selves in the line from which the cast is taken, and which may be termed, therefore,
the line of casting. Due to the relative arrangements of the discs of the opposing
series upon their shafts, the straight sides of the discs lie in parallel lines, and
the discs themselves can be closely packed together, so that no space intervenes
between adjacent segments.
It is to be noted that the springs and e', which tend to oppose the rotation of
the discs, act on different sides of the centres of such discs, so as to properly perform
their function.
Type Disc Connections, Key-board and Indicator Mechanism: At the front of
the machine there is mounted upon a shaft 3, a number of mutilitated discs or
wheels 4, which are in direct connection through suitable intermediate mechanism
with the keyboard, and which are also in connection, through the connecting
cords 5, with the respective type discs. The mutilated discs, or, as they will be
Hereinafter termed, operative dises, are connected in regular order with a single
type disc. The connection cords 5 are attached on different sides of the centres of
the discs belonging to the two series, in order that the opposing discs may be
caused to rotate in opposite directions when assembled. The connecting cords 5,
are preferably made of steel wire, although other material may be used if desired,
and pass through the opening formed between the ends of the disc segments, being
guided by passing over the roller 6, which extends transversely of the machine,
and between the curved guiding plates 7.
It will thus be seen that by varying the amount of rotation imparted to the
operative discs 4, and by them to the type discs B and C, any desired type charac-
ter can be brought into the line of sight and the line of printing.
The operative discs, as shown, are formed with a mutilated portion 4', which
extends over a portion of their periphery equal to the greatest radial movement
thereof, which is necessary to be imparted in the operation of the machine. On
their front edge they are also formed with a toothed section 42, which engaged a
spring pressed pawl 43, thus locking the discs and preventing their rotation. The
inclination of the teeth of the toothed segments 42 of the discs is such as to permit
rotary movement of such dises in the direction of the arrow, Figure 2, or anti-
clockwise, and to prevent rotation of the discs in the opposite direction unless the
pawls 43 are raised from engagement with such notched segments.
The connection of the operative discs with the keyboard 1 by means of which
provision is made for their being operated successively to bring any desired type
characters into the line of sight is as follows:-
At the front of the machine, between the type discs and the operative discs,
there is journalled in the machine frame a rotary shaft 8, which is formed with a
feather 8 as shown. This shaft 8 extends parallel to the axis of the operative
dises, and upon the same slides what I shall term the actuator arm 9. The outer
end of this arm engages with the mutilated portions of the operative discs, and
is adapted to rotate the said dises whenever the shaft 8 is rotated. Only one
actuator arm is provided for the entire machine, such arm being caused to travel
along the shaft S upon which it is mounted so as to successively act upon the
respective operative discs. This construction has the advantage of permitting any
one of these dises to he operated, and any desired type character upon the surface
of the type disces with which said operative disc is connected to be brought into
the line of sight, without the necessity of providing positive locking means for

page_text: ng the remainder of the operative discs in position. The amount of rotation
imparted to the shaft 8, and by that transmitted to the operative discs 4 and the
type disc with which it is connected, determines the type character which is brought
into line, and as it has been heretofore stated that the type characters are arranged
5 upon the disc segments in regularly spaced intervals, so that the increment of rota-
tion required to bring the successive characters into a predetermined line is the
same for each character, it will be seen that by simply controlling the amount
of revolution imparted to the shaft 8 in accordance with the position of the type
character on the segment which is to be represented in the line of sight, such
character can be definitely and certainly brought into line.
Before describing the mechanism by means of which the longitudinal movement
of the actuator arm 9 upon its shaft 8 is provided for, I shall describe the connec-
tion of the shaft 8 with the keyboard D, whereby rotary movement is imparted to
such shaft.
On both ends of the shaft 8 there are keyed levers 10. These levers are held
normally inclined upward by the action of the springs 11, (attached to the trans-
versely extending rod 11), which press against the short arms thereof. At the
outer ends of their long arms they are connected by a transverse shaft 12. To the
shaft 12 is keyed the links 13, which extend upward to a point just below the
level of the keys of the keyboard, and which are connected at their upper end
by a transverse rod 14. The type keys are arranged at the front of the machine
as to be under the easy control of the operator. They are pivotally mounted at
their inner ends to rods D°, which extend transversely of the machine, and are
normally held upward, or raised, by the action of the springs 15. The type keys
are further so supported as to be on different levels, and as, therefore, to require
different amounts of depression before the limit of their downward movement is
reached. A rod 16, extending transversely of the keyboard, serves to limit the
downward movement possible to each lever. The level on which the different
keys forming the keyboard are arranged is determined by the position,
segment, of the type character represented thereby. The keys which represent
narrow type characters are placed on a low level so as to require a limited amount
of depression, while the keys which represent wide type characters are raised and
require a greater amount of depression.
on the
As the connection of the type levers to the revoluble shaft S, the actuator arm 9
and the operative discs 4 is such that these parts move through different angles in
accordance with the amount of depression of the type keys, it will be seen that an
arrangement is here provided whereby the operative discs, and through the same
he type discs, may be rotated an amount strictly in proportion to the position on
he segment of the type character which is being depressed, and, therefore, that
ny desired type character may be with certainty brought into a predetermined
ine.
The cameo type characters required to form any desired sequence of words are
hus brought into the line of sight by the depression of the type keys bearing the
orresponding characters. As a result of this action, it of course follows that the
taglio type characters from which the type bar is cast are also assembled in the
ne of printing.
It is necessary, however, to so devise and construct mechanism by means of
hich word spaces are formed in the line of type that it will act without causing
movement of the actuator arm or of the operative disc. This mechanism I shall
ow proceed to describe, and I shall also describe in connection therewith the
dicator mechanism, as the parts are intimately related to each other.
In the drawings the spacing key is shown at the extreme right of the keyboard.
consists in a pivoted lever D', one arm of which extends vertically upward,
d the other arm of which extends lengthwise of the machine and engages with
e ratchet wheel 17. The ratchet wheel 17 is mounted upon a short shaft 18,
itably journalled in the machine frame, and bears on the other end of the same
e double pulley block 19--19', around which pass the indicator cords 20 and 30

page_text: The end of the spacing lever D which engages with the ratchet 17 is sharpened
so as to enter the toothed periphery of such ratchet wheel, but it is forced back
into its original position after each engagement with the ratchet wheel by the
action of the spring ds attached to the transverse rod dy. This portion of the
spacing lever is further located just above the transverse shaft 12, which connects
the two arms 10. The indicator cord 20, which as 1 have stated, passes around
the pulley block 19, extends to the front of the machine just below the level of the
type keys, and the pointer J' thereon serves to indicate upon a suitable scale the
operative disc upon which the actuator arm 9 is in position to act. The exact
location of the indicator cord 20 in the various parts of the machine through
which it passes is as follows:
After passing over the pulley block 19, such cord extends upward, passing over
a pulley 21, then to the front of the machine over a pulley 22, thence across the
machine over a pulley 23 (the pointer J being located on this section of the
indicator cord), thence rearward over a pulley 24, thence downward over a pulley 25,
thence across the machine to a pulley 26, and thence back to the pulley
block 19. The section of the indicator cord extending between the pulleys 25
and 26 is connected to the actuator arm 9 by the link 27, so that the position of the
actuator arm can be changed by moving the indicator cord.
The indicator cord 30 extends from the pulley block 19 over a pulley 31, thence
through the hook-eye 32 and across the machine through the hook-eye 33 (it
being upon this portion of the indicator cord that the pointer J is stationed), thence
downward over the pulleys 34 and 35, across the machines to a pulley 36, and back
to the pulley 19. Both indicator cords are thus endless bands and are moved
according to the direction of movement given thereto by the pulley blocks 19
and 19
To form a space in the line of type being formed it is only necessary to depress
the spacing key Ds, and through the same to move the ratchet wheel 17 and
thereby to carry the actuator arm, through the movement of the indicator cord 20,
past one of the operative discs 4 without depressing the same. As in its normal
position each type disc has the blank portion of its edge in the line of sight and
the line of printing, no actuation of the type disc is necessary to
provide a space. It is only necessary to leave the type disc stationary.
If the space required in the line is greater than that afforded by the
blank portion of a single one of the dises, the spacing key may be operated succes-
sively until the desired space is present in the line. This can be ascertained by
an examination of the line as it is being formed in the line of sight.
I have stated that the transverse shaft 12 extends just beneath the lower portion
of the spacing lever D. The relation of these parts is such that when such
shaft rises after each depression through the operation of a type key, it strikes the
lower portion of the spacing key Is and moves the same so as to rotate the
ratchet wheel 17, and thereby move the indicators, and the actuator arm from the
disc just operated to the next in series.
In this manner I am able to assemble any desired sequence of type characters in
the line of sight by depressing the type keys of a single keyboard, and am also able
to carry the actuator arm 9 step by step along the feathered shaft 8 without
requiring any additional mechanism for such purpose.
Justifying Mechanism. After a line of type characters has been formed, it is
frequently necessary to justify the line, or to increase the space between the words
forming the lines, so that they will take up the full width allotted thereto. The
space which is required to be filled by the actuation of the justifying mechanism
is not large, and when skilful compositors are operating, does not usually exceed
the width of two or three type characters. The means which I employ in my
present machine to justify the line of type are as follows:
Un the front of each of the operative dises there is a short stud or projection 4*,
Directly beneath these studs there extends across the machine a shaft /, which is
supported at either end by the arms mounted upon the shaft 3. The shaft /

page_text: has secured thereto the handle L by which it is moved. When the operative discs
are actuated to form a line of type, such of the operative discs as have been rotated
to bring the type characters into the required line have been moved into such
position that the studs 44 no longer rest against the short shaft 1. Such of the
operative discs, however, as have remained stationary, since the type dises with
which they are connected serve to provide the spaces in the line just formed, still
remain in such position that the studs 44 of the same rest against the lever !
When, therefore, it is desired to justify the line, the handle L is grasped and
moved upward until the wedge-like spacing segments of the type discs have
increased the distance between the several words forming the line sufficient to
render the line even and to cause it to fill its allotted space. Each one of the type
discs performs only a small portion of this justifying operation, and the total
amount of space which is filled by the action of the justifying mechanism is divided
between the several spaces existing in the line of type, so that tliere is no undue
enlargement or expansion between any two of the words forming such line.
Proof-Taking and Casting Mechanism-After the line of type has been formed
and justified, it is in condition to have a proof taken therefrom by the actuation of
the printing mechanism and to have a type har cast therefrom by the action of
the casting mechanism. In my present machine, hoth of these operations are
performed simultaneously through the actuation of the proof and matrix lever H.
This lever, which as shown is pivoted on the outside of the frame, is connected
at one end to the slotted lever 40, mounted upon the stud shaft 41. On the shaft 41
is also mounted the short lever 42, to the lower end of which is pivoted the con-
necting rod 43, such rod being pivoted at its other end to one end of the pivoted
lever 44. The lever 44 is mounted upon a stud shaft 45, which is supported cen-
trally in the machine frame between the shafts 1 and 2, upon which the type
discs of the two opposing series are mounted, and which bears the ratchet wheel 46
and the gear wheel 47. The pivoted lever 44 bears on one end a pawl 48, which
engages with the ratchet wheel 46 and imparts movements thereto whenever the
proof and matrix lever H is operated.
With the gear wheel 47 mesh gear wheels 49 and 50, such gear wheels being
placed diametrically opposite to each other and being adapted to be turned through-
out an entire revolution by the movement which the gear wheel 47 receives from
each actuation of the proof and matrix. lever H. The gear wheels 49 and 50 are
mounted upon shafts 51 and 52, which extend across the machine and bear upon
their opposite ends actuating cams which will be hereinafter described.
The printing attachment is operated by mechanism connected with the gear
wheel 50, and the matrix or casting attachment is operated by mechanism con-
nected with the gear 49. For convenience of description I will first describe the
printing attachment and the mode of operation of the same, and then describe the
matrix or casting attachment and the operation thereof.
Printing or Proof-Taking Attachment-Upon the shaft 52 on both sides of the
machine are mounted eccentrics 53, the straps or collars 54 of which are attached
to the eccentric rods 55. These rods 55 extend toward the front of the machine
and are at their outer ends connected to a shaft 56, upon which a roller 57 is
mounted. The shaft 56 travels in slotted guideways 58 which are formed in the
brackets 59 provided on both sides of the machine frame, and is connected to the
lower ends of the connecting link 60, to the upper ends of which are pivotally
attached the levers 61. These levers 61 are looselv mounted upon a shaft 62, and
carry pawls 63, which when the levers 61 are moved downward, or clockwise,
engage with ratchet wheels 64 mounted upon said shaft 62 and rotate said shaft.
The shaft 52 is mounted in bearings formed in the bracket 65. In this bracket
are also formed bearings for the paper roll 66 and the proof roller 67, these bearings
being U-shaped so as to permit removal of such rolls. The paper roller 66 is
provided at one end with a gear wheel 68, which meshes with a gear wheel 69
mounted upon a shaft 62, so that whenever said shaft is rotated through the action
of the lever 61, the paper roller is likewise rotated. On the connecting link 60

page_text: are formed journals for two rolls 70 and 71. These rollers press against each
other, so that whenever one is moved the other is likewise moved by friction. On
the roller 70 is mounted a ratchet wheel 70, with which engages a pawl 72
mounted upon the lever arm 61. When said lever arm 61 is caused to move down-
ward, so that its outer end moves in the arc of a circle in a clockwise direction,
the pawl 72 acts to rotate the gear wheel 70' and thereby the roller 70, as will be
readily understood. The strip of paper upon which the proof is to be taken is
drawn from the paper roller G6 and passes over a pin shaft 73 mounted in the
brackets 59; thence over the printing roller 57, which is mounted upon the
shaft 56, thence upward between the pressure rollers 70 and 71, and thence around
the proof roller 67. With each reciprocation of the connecting rod 55, caused by
the action of the eccentric 53 upon each revolution of the gear 50, paper is fed
forward from the paper roll during the downward travel of the connecting rod,
and at the same time the friction rolls 70 and 71 are being actuated so as to feed
the strip of paper upward just as rapidly as it is being fed from the paper roll,
so as to keep the strip of paper in the line of printing taut. The gear wheel 67
upon the proof roll 67, which meshes with the gear wheel 68, is also being rotated
through the movement of the paper roller 66, and thus the paper on which the proof
has been taken is caused to be wound upon such roller.
During the upward movement of the connecting rod, the printing roller and
mechanism connected therewith remain stationary, as the pawl 63, which is pivoted
to the lever arm 61 slides over the teeth of the ratchet 64.
Prior to the taking of the proof it is necessary however to bring a printing
ribbon over the line of cameo type characters which have been assembled in the
line of sight, so that the impact of the paper passing around the roller 57 against
the printing ribbon, and through the same against the type characters, will cause
the imprint thereon of such characters. The mechanism by which this action is
caused to take place is as follows:-
A printing ribbon 74 is provided at the front of the machine, the upper end of
which is attached to a roller 75, which is carried in a slotted guideway formed in
the brackets 59, and the lower end of which is wound around a spring-controlled
roller 77, at the front of the machine frame just above the type keys. The slotted
guideway 76 crosses the slotted guideway 58, which serves as a path for the con-
necting rods 55, but is made smaller than such guideway so that there will be no
tendency for the shaft 56 to be deflected therefrom during the reciprocation of the
same. The roll 75 is caused to reciprocate in the slot 78 at each actuation of the
printing mechanism, and to bring the printing ribbon over the cameo type
characters before the descent of the printing roll 57.
At each end the roll 75 is connected to levers 78, which extend inward toward
the centre of the machine, and are mounted upon a shaft 79. Upon this shaft is
also mounted the curved lever arms 80, whose inner ends travel upon the surface
of the cams 81, mounted upon the shaft 51. The movement of the connecting
rods 55, caused by the cam 53, is first outward until the shaft 56 reaches the end
of the slotted guideway 58 formed therefor, then inward through the entire limit
of their travel, and then outward to the point at which they are represented in the
drawings. The setting of the cams 53 upon the shaft 52 is such that while said.
cams are causing the connecting rods to more outward to the end of their travel,
the cams 81 have been turned sufficiently to throw the curved lever arms 80 out
of the depressed portion thereof, thereby turning the shaft 79 and thereby causing
an arc movement of the lever 78 sufficient to move the ribbon roll 75 to the upper
end of its travel in the cross slot 76. During the downward movement of the
connecting rods which results in the making of a proof of the assembled line of
type characters upon the paper passing over the printing roller 57, the ribbon
roller 75 remains stationary in the upper part of the slot 76, while the curved arms 80
travel over the dwell of the cams 81. The dwell of these cams is so adjusted
that the ribbon roller 75 will continue to be held in the upper part of its move-
ment until the taking of the proof has been completed, and the paper roller 57

page_text: caused to move upward pass the intersection of the two guiding slots formed in
the bracket 59. After the paper roller has passed this point, the cam 81 has been
revolved so that the lever arm 80 falls into the depressed portion thereof and the
ribbon roller 75 is caused to travel backward to the lower portion of its guiding
slot in the position in which it is shown in Figure 1. The spring-controlled
roller 77 winds up the loose ribbon which is caused by the backward movement of
the ribbon roller 75, and keeps tne printing surface taut. It will be noticed that
that portion of the printing ribbon which is over the type characters will lie very
close to such characters on account of the position in which the ribbon roll 75 is
held during the proof-taking operation. A clean proof can thus be obtained,
which, during the succeeding movements of the rollers in connection with the
printing attachment, is brought into the direct view of the operator and into a position
where it can be examined and any mistakes or defects therein at once ascertained.
Casting Mechanism.-I will now proceed to describe the casting mechanism, by
the action of which type bars are formed, ejected from the machine, and placed
upon the surface of an endless carrier in regular sequence.
The actuating mechanism for controlling the operations of the mould box G
is precisely similar to that by means of which the printing attachment is actuated,
that is to say, the mould box is caused to assume its various positions through the
action of a cam-actuated connecting rod. Upon the shaft 51, which is rotated
through the gear 49 so as to describe a complete revolution with every operation
of the proof and matrix lever H, is mounted an eccentric turning within an
encircling ring or stop 91 to 91 is attached the connecting rod 92, the outer end
of which is slotted, as shown at 921, to receive the stud shaft g which projects from
the mould box G.
The mould box G is pivotally supported on shaft G in a slotted guideway
formed in brackets 93, which are attached to the frame on this side of the machine.
The mould box is hollowed interiorly so as to form a mould of the exact size of the
har of stereotype metal which is to be formed therein. On its front face g', it is
formed with a longitudinal opening of the width of the type characters, such
opening being at the end of the hollowed interior of the mould box. On the side
of the mould box toward the melting pot F there is formed an opening 2. This
opening is conical, so as to receive the end of the plunger M, by the action of which
a charge of type metal sufficient to form a stereotype bar is forced into the mould
box. The parts forming the mould box are tightly joined together so that escape
of the type metal forced into the same through such joints cannot take place. On
one side of the mould box there projects a study, which as has been stated, extends
into the slot 921 formed in the connecting rod 92. On the other side of the mould
box there extends from the same a shaft g, which is made of the shape shown in
Figure 8 of the drawings, so as to escape the plunger box m in its movement. The
shaft g' engages with a slot 94' formed in a connecting rod 94 on the opposite side
of the machine, in the same manner that the stud shaft y engages with the slot 921
in the connecting rod 92. The connecting rod 94 is a duplicate of connecting
rod 92, and, is, like such rod actuated by a cam 90 mounted upon the shaft 51.
The mould box G has two movements in order to bring the front face thereof into
proper position for the formation of a type bar. Starting from the position shown
in Figure 9, the mould box is first turned on its axis until the front end thereof
has moved out from the curved portion of the guideway 95 provided therefor and lies
in the straight portion of such guideway, and is then moved forward until its front
bevelled cornered end enters between the guide blocks 96, which are formed on
the machine frame on either side of the line of printing, and fits snugly against
the line of type assembled in the line of printing. The length of the slots 921
and 94 formed in the connecting rod 92 and 94 is sufficient to permit the arc
movement of the mould box and the forward movement of the same without binding.
When the mould box has been moved forward in position to receive a charge of
type metal, such charge is introduced by the action of the plunger M. The
plunger M is located transversely of the machine. It acts within a plunger box

page_text: or metal receptacle in, which extends across the front face of the melting pot F,
and is connected therewith through an opening m¹. The plunger M acts as a valve
to close the opening ml except at the moments at which a charge of metal is desired
to be received in the plunger box m'. In its operation the plunger M first moves
backward, uncovering the opening m'; and allowing a charge of metal to flow into
the plunger box m (the size of the plunger box being such that the charge of metal
which is thus permitted to flow into the same is just sufficient for the formation of
a single type bar), then advances forward, closing the opening m¹ and forcing the
type metal into the mould box, and then retracts to the position shown in the
drawings, still closing the opening ml and preventing a flow of metal.
The means for causing the described movement of the plunger M is as
follows:-
Une end of the said plunger is provided with a plunger rod m (formed with a
shoulder as shown to clear the connecting rod 9), the outer end of which engages
with the surface of the cam 97. This cam is supported on a shaft 98, mounted in
suitable bearings on the machine frame and provided on its upper end with a
bevelled gear wheel 99, which meshes with a correspondingly bevelled gear 100,
secured to one end of the shaft 101. The shaft 101 is provided on its other end
with a bevelled gear 102 which meshes with a correspondingly bevelled gear 103,
mounted upon the shaft 51, which is caused to rotate with every actuation of the
proof and matrix lever H through the action of the gear wheels 49 and 50. The
end of the shaft 101, on which the gear wheel 103 is mounted, is suitably supported
in a bearing block 104, mounted upon the shaft 51. A suitable bearing 105 is
provided for the opposite end of the connecting rod of the shaft 101, so that said
shaft is securely held in position and may impart movement to the bevelled
gear 99. The cam 97 is so formed that upon its rotation in the direction of the
arrow Figure 7 it will first permit the plunger rod m³ to move backward a suffi-
cient distance to uncover the opening m¹ leading from the melting pot into the
plunger box m, will then thrust the plunger rod, and thereby the plunger M,
rapidly forward until the coned end of such plunger rod has entered into the
corresponding cone g³ in the mould box, and thus delivered its charge of stereotype
metal into such mould box; and will then allow the plunger red, and thereby the
piunger, to recede until it has reached its original position. The plunger M is
drawn backward after it has delivered its charge of metal into the mould box
through the action of the coiled spring m, which surrounds a portion of the
piunger rod m³, and is attached at one end to the collar m', through which the
plunger rod m³ passes; such collar supporting and forming a guide for the plunger
rod m³.
The timing of the movement of the mould box G and of the plunger M is so
adjusted that the movement of the plunger does not commence until the mould
box is in position to receive its charge of metal. After a bar of type metal has
been cast, and has formed on its outer surface a series of cameo type characters
corresponding to the intaglio type characters which were assembled in the line of
printing, such mould box is moved backwards in the Y-shaped guideway 95
provided therefor and is turned through the curved portion of such guideway until
the mouth of the mould chamber is inclined downwards and is in the position shown
En Figure 9. The mechanism by the action of which the slug is discharged from
the mould box into the receiver N is as follows:-
The rear or bottom end of the mould box is formed by a spring pressed plate,
which works within the mould chamber, and fits sufficiently closely to the sides
thereof to prevent escape of metal. Referring especially to Figure 12, the spring-
pressed bottom moula plate is shown at g". To the mould plate is rigidly secured
a rod gb, which passes through a guide g secured to the mould box, and is spring
pressed by the spring gd. This spring in its action normally tends to force the
mould plate g inward, or to a position in which it occupies the forward end of the
mould chamber. The mould plate g is held in its backward position, or that in
which it forms the rear end of a mould chamber of suitable size to receive the slug

page_text: which is to be formed, by the engagement of the spring pressed locking bolt g' with
the plate g, (which is secured on the rod gb and travels therewith). The spring
pressed locking bolt g' is tripped by the action of the double lever g, pivoted to
the mould box, and operated by the end of the connecting rod 9³.
The operation of these parts is as follows:-
With the parts in the position shown in Figure 12, the connecting rod 93, as it
reaches the end of its movement, and thereby brings the open end of the mould box
G directly over the mouth of the receiver N, strikes one end of the double lever g,
and thereby causes the upper end of said lever to withdraw the locking bolt gf from
engagement with the plate g. The action of the spring g nov. causes the mould
plate to move forward to the front end of the mould chamber, and thereby
discharge the slug into the receiver N. The mould plate g" is brought back into
suitable position for the reception of a slug in the mould chamber during the
succeeding movement of the mould box into the position between the guides 96,
for as the mould box, after passing through the arc portion of its movement, com-
mences its forward travel through the straight portion of the slotted guideway,
the stop gh, which is fastened to the machine frame will strike against the pro-
jecting end of the plate 9, and thereby hold the end plate g" stationary while the
remainder of the mould box moves forward. The forward movement of the mould
box equals the height of the slug which is to be formed, so that when the mould-
box has reached its extreme forward position, and is in readiness to receive a
charge of type metal, the mould plate " is in its extreme backward position. It
is caught and held in this position by the engagement of the spring pressed locking
bolt with the angle plate g. The receiver N is pivotally supported, as shown,
in the bracket 93, and is hollowed so as to form a receptacle for the bar of type.
The bottom of the receptacle formed in the receiver N is padded so as to avoid
injury to the sharp edges of the type formed on the type bars. To the lower end
of the receiver N is attached a lever 106, to which is attached one end of a lever 107,
which is carried by the connecting rod 92, being pivotally secured to a collar 108,
mounted on such connecting rod. With each recipiccation of the connecting
1od 92, the receiver N is caused to turn on its pivot and inclin downward so that
the bar of type metal which was last received thereiu will be ejected therefrom,
and falling through the guideway 109, will take its position upon the surface of
the endless carrier I. The side of the type bar on which the type characters are
rast will be uppermost, so that injury thereto will be avoided. The endless
carrier I is mounted upon two rollers i and . On its upper surface there is formed
a cleat or bracket I', which supports the first bar of stereotype metal received on
the endless carrier in upright position. The endless carrier is caused to move
forward step by step, so as to give room for the reception thereon of the successive
type bars through the action of the ratchet wheel secured to its upper roller i.
With this ratchet wheel engages a pawl 110, which is pivoted to a lever arm 111,
mounted upon the axle which supports the roller i, and connected by the cord 112
with the lever 106. With each actuation of the proof and matrix lever H, and the
consequent reciprocation of the connecting rod 92, the receiver N is caused to
incline downward so as to discharge a bar of type metal received therein, and by
the same movement the pawl 110 is caused to engage the ratchet wheel and move
the same forward a sufficient distance to permit the reception on the surface of the
ndless belt of a new type bar. The weight of the lever arm 111, which carries
the pawl 110, is sufficient to cause such pawl to fall back to its original position
after each actuation of the receiver N, a stop 113 limiting its downward movement.
To the axle of one of the pulleys of the endless carrier I, there is attached a
crank 114, by means of which the endless carrier can be brought into any desired
position at the commencement of its operation.
The melting pot F is provided with a cover F, by means of which stereotype
metal can be introduced therein, and is heated through the burners F2, supplied
with gas, or in any other desired manner. The products of combustion pass off
hrough an escape pipe F3 at the sides of the melting pot. It is to be noted that

page_text: in this machine the casting operation takes place at some distance from the
operator, so that the operator does not breathe the fumes of the metal and is not
subject to the deleterious effect thereof.
Releasing Key-After the proof of the line of type characters assembled in the
line of printing has been taken and a type bar has been cast, the type dises are
released or unlocked from the position in which they were assembled and resume
their normal positions. The unlocking of the discs is effected through the action
of the releasing key Dr, which bears on its lower end a rod 115, extending across
the rear ends of the spring-pressed pawls 43. When the key Dr is depressed, the
pawls 43 are raised from engagement with the notched or ratchet portions of
the actuating dises 4, and the springs and, which are attached to the type
discs B and C, draw such type discs back to their original position. The machine
is now in condition to have a new line of type assembled and a proof and type bar
cast therefrom.
Operation of the Machine-In the operation of the machine the compositor
depresses in succession the type keys representing the type characters which are
to be assembled into the line of type. Each depression of a type key d turns the
actuator arm 9 through intermediate mechanism through an angle corresponding
with the position on the segment of the type character depressed, and thereby
rotates the operative disc 4 and the type disc B or C with which such operative disc
is in connection an amount sufficient to bring the desired character in the line of
sight. As in this machine the cameo and intaglio characters are located diametri-
cally opposite to each other, both sets of characters are assembled into the respective
lines of sight and of printing by the same operation. The operative dises are acted
upon by the actuator arm in regular sequence. The type discs of the two series as
they are actuated move in opposite directions, the inclined faces of the opposing
series of disc segments sliding against each other until the desired characters are in
the line of sight. Each disc as it is assembled in position acts to force outward the
dises not yet called into position against the pressure of the springs 6 and until it
has reached its proper position. With each actuation of a type key d, the indicators
J and J are moved forward a single space, and the actuator arm 9 is correspond-
ingly moved forward so as to engage with a new disc when next depressed. When
ever it is desired to form a space between adjacent words or characters, the spacing
key. D is depressed and the actuator arm 9 thereby caused to travel over one of the
operative discs without acting upon the same, so that the blank portion of the type
disc connected to such operative discs is left in the line of sight to serve as a space.
Varying widths of spaces are obtained by depressing the space key one or more
times. As the operator can observe the line of type being formed during its
entire period of formation, he can readily detect any mistakes and correct the same.
The correction of the line of type is effected by moving the pointer so that it
will be directly over the erroneous character, and as a necessary consequence of the
position and operation of the indicator cords 20 and 30, the actuator arm 9 will
be over the corresponding operative disc. Such disc may then be unlocked by
raising the corresponding pawl 43 and the proper type key is depressed, causing
the desired character to appear in the line of sight. This correction can all take
place before actuation of the proof and matrix lever.
Should the line require justifying in order to make it a perfect line, the justify-
ing lever L is raised until the inactive or spacing operative discs have been
moved sufficiently far to cause the corresponding type dises to move their wedge-
shaped edges to spread the line until it attains the desired with. As the amount
of space required to be filled through the action of the justifying lever is relatively
small rarely exceeding the width of two or three type characters, and as this
amount of space is divided among the spaces formed between the successive words
in the line, it will be seen that the line is properly spaced in the manner described.
After a line of type has been formed and justified, it is ready to have a proof
taken thereof and a type bar cast therefrom. This action is effected by the move-
ment of the proof and matrix lever H as before set forth.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I would point out that it is
obvious that changes may be made in the construction which I have described
herein which will be included within the scope of my invention, so that I do not
restrict myself to the precise form of the parts shown herein, but what I claim as
new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A machine for making type bars for printing, having wedge shaped discs
carrying cameo and intaglio characters, such discs being arranged and operating
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. A machine for making type bars for printing in which mechanism is pro-
vided for taking a proof from the cameo characters substantially as described.
3. In a machine of the kind referred to in claim 1, the arrangement for casting
a type bar from the intaglio characters and for delivering the same into a receiver,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. The combination with the wedge shaped discs, of operating discs connected
therewith and actuated from the key levers by a travelling actuating arm substan-
tially as herein before described.
5. The combination with the aforesaid travelling actuating arm, of indicators
for showing the position of the said arm and the number of type discs that have
been operated, substantially as herein before described.
6. The means for locking the operating discs in the position to which they are
brought by the depression of the type keys, and for simultaneously releasing all
of said discs, substantially as hereinbefore described.
7. The means for justifying by the simultaneous expansion of the spaces
between all the words therein, substantially as described.
S. My improved machine constructed and operating substantially as herein-
before described with reference to the accompanying drawing and for the purposes
specified.
1911
100%
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.