IMPROVE- MENTS IN PREPARING HAY AND CLOVER FOR FOOD FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Bankier Freeland, of Camden Road
Villas, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREPARING HAY AND CLOVER FOR FOOD FOR HORSES AND OTHER
ANIMALS."
Sealed the 10th February 1860, and dated the 13th September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Bankier
Freeland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 13th September 1859.
I, ALEXANDER BANKIER FREELAND, of Camden Road Villas, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREPARING HAY AND CLOVER FOR FOOD FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing hay and clover
for food for horses and other animals. In the Specification of a Patent granted
to Edward John Davis, and dated the 30th November 1855 (No. 2705), a
process is described of preparing food for animals, which consists in combining
hay, clover, or chaff with other articles of food, and submitting the combined
materials to pressure, and to artificial heat whilst so compressed. Now, I have
found that hay, and also clover, or the two together, may, beneficially, without

page_text: any admixture with other articles of food, be submitted to pressure and to
heat, to the extent, by preference, of 212° of Fahrenheit while compressed, by
which means it is made to pack in a comparatively small space, and is brought
into a more convenient form for shipment. Usually, before applying pressure
and heat, the hay is moistened with water, which facilitates the operation.
Saccharine, glutinous, or farinaceous matters may be dissolved in or mixed
with the water.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alexander Bankier Freeland in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
BANKIER FREELAND, of Camden Road Villas, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alexander Bankier Freeland, Her special licence that I, the said
Alexander Bankier Freeland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Alexander Bankier Freeland, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING HAY AND CLOVER FOR FOOD FOR HORSES
AND OTHER ANIMALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alexander Bankier Freeland, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Bankier Freeland, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-

page_text: This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing hay and clover
for food for horses and other animals. In the Specification of a Patent granted
to Edward John Davis, and dated the 30th November 1855 (No. .2705), a
process is described of preparing food for animals, which consists in combining
hay, clover, or chaff with other articles of food, and submitting the combined
materials to pressure, and to artificial heat, whilst so compressed. Now, I have
found that hay, and also clover, or the two combined, may, beneficially, without
any admixture with other articles of-food, be submitted to- pressure and to
heat to the extent, by preference, of 212° Fahrenheit while compressed, by
which means it is made to pack in a comparatively small space, and is brought
into a more convenient form for shipment.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
inches inches inches
The hay or clover, or those matters mixed together, having, by preference,
been chopped or cut into chaff, is then, according to my Invention, either in
the dry or slightly moistened state (and if moistened, it is preferred that the
water used should have saccharine combined therewith), to be put into and
pressed in a suitable press, and when pressed and heated retained under
pressure till cold. Although the arrangement of press and apparatus may be
greatly varied, I prefer the following, and to employ hydraulic pressure:-The
cut chaff is introduced from a shoot or hopper into a rectangular upright
trunk of a press, similar to those used when pressing cotton or other materials,
and the press is, by preference, suitable for pressing about twenty-two pounds
of hay or clover into a cake of the following dimensions:-16 × 9 × 5; but
this may be varied. An iron plate is placed at the bottom of the press, and
another iron plate is placed on the top of the chaff when it has been introduced
into the rectangular trunk of the press, so that the hay or clover will be
pressed between the two plates; and in order to remove the compressed cake
of hay or clover from the press, the two plates are to be suitably clamped or
held together when the desired extent of pressure has been obtained thereto.
The cakes of hay or clover thus, compressed and retained under pressure are
then placed in an oven heated to about 212° of Fahrenheit, and kept there
till thoroughly dry, which is generally the case in four or five hours. The
compressed and heated cakes are then removed into a dry room, and allowed
to cool, when the plates are removed, and the several cakes are packed in
canvass or other suitable packings; if desired, the shoot or hopper and press
may
be heated.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of

page_text: performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is, the
subjecting of hay and clover to pressure and heat, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Bankier Freeland, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
ALEXB. BANKIER FREELAND. (L.S.)