IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Young, of Queen Street, Cheapside, in the
City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Young at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
March 1854.
I, WILLIAM YOUNG, of Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS " to
be as follows:
This Invention consists of improvements in the apparatus used for deflecting
air against the interiors of the flames of gas, spirit, and oil lamps. For this
purpose, the air for supporting combustion is partly that which passes through
the burners into the interior of the flames, and partly that at the exterior of
the flame. The objects of the improvements are to arrange or construct
lamps to obtain a horizontal ring of flame, and a flame bent out by reason of
the strength of the interior deflected air, from a cylindrical form into a more
spread flame.
In making a horizontal or nearly. horizontal flame, the air is supplied
through the interior of the burner or lamp, and other streams of air are
supplied above and below the two parallel planes of flame, which would, if not
interfered with by streams of air, be cylindrical; but by means of the streams

page_text: of air the flames will be deflected off, and be kept in horizontal or nearly
horizontal planes; and the two planes of flame are thus formed between two
parallel discs of glass or other suitable surfaces. When it is desired to bend
the flame of a lamp out largely at its upper part without bringing it to a
horizontal plane, there is an inner deflector used, which, coming down towards
the root or commencement of the flame and interior of it, causes streams of
air to descend into the interior of the flame, by which the flame is deflected
outwards, and passes into the space between the interior deflector and an
outer or under glass, thus producing a much expanded and deflected
flame.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Young in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
September 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
YOUNG, of Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Young, Her special licence that I, the said William Young,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,the said William
Young, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Young, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Young, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say): -

page_text: it be new if it had a button on the interior to deflect off the air which' passes
up the interior of the flame from below; but in the arrangement shown,
provision is made for introducing air from above into the interior of the flame,
and it is preferred that the air which is introduced to the interior of the flame
should not be deflected off all in one current by a single deflector, but that
there shall be several currents, one above the other. For this purpose, in
the arrangement shown at Figure 1, there are three deflecting instruments.
for deflecting the air outwards, which passes from below upwards, but this may.
be varied. The glass b supports an apparatus c, which consists of two parallel.
plates of metal or other suitable material, which are combined' by a series of
tubes c¹, up through which the products of combustion from the flame pass,
and by so doing the apparatus becomes highly heated, and the consequence
is that air passes between the plates c, and thence down the cylinder c³, and
comes between two discs c³, c4, by which the air is deflected off in all direc-
tions against the flame, and according to the diameter of the disc c³, c4, so will
be the tendency to drive the flame into a horizontal ring of flame. Figure 2
shows a section of another gas lamp, wherein there are two circular burners,
one being similar to that which is shown at Figure 1; but the second is a
peculiar burner, used in combination with the one a, the flame from which
burner a is deflected off by the air, which passes up the interior, as shown by
the arrows. The burner d is formed hollow, with the outlets at the periphery,
there being passages d' for air through the burner. d² is a cylinder of glass
or other suitable material, which is supported by arms d³, the upper end of the
glass resting under the burner d, but in such manner that some of the air
passing up the interior passes off in that direction, whilst the other portion of
the air passes through the burner d, and strikes against and is deflected in all
directions by the disc or deflector e, as is shewn. In addition to the air thus
passing from below upwards, air is also introduced from above downwards ina
like manner to that described in respect to Figure 1, but the discs c, c, and air
through them are not used in this arrangement, but the air is brought through
the pipef, and such pipe may, when desired, come from a source exterior of
I would remark, that
the room or place where the lamp is situated.
although I have only shewn these forms of gas lamps, it will be evident
that the arrangement and form of the parts may be greatly varied. I do not,
therefore, in making gas lamps according to my Invention, confine myself to
the arrangements and forms of parts shewn, so long as the air to the interior
of the flames is introduced from above into the interior of the flame.
Figure 3 shows the section of a lamp suitable for burning spirits of turpen-
tine or other similar spirit, having apparatus applied thereto according to my

page_text: Invention; but such apparatus maybe applied to lamps when properly modified,
to receive a suitable wick and supply of oil, as is well understood, so as to be
used as an oil lamp. In this arrangement the parts are similar to the like
parts in Figure 1, and the supply of air to the interior is by like appa-
ratus c, c, but there are not so many deflecting instruments used by this
arrangement; the flame will be deflected off by the air passing into the interior,
the air being introduced in the two directions, as above explained.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim
to the parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the precise forms or
details; but what I claim are, the arrangements or combinations of parts
herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Young, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
JAMES G. JONES.
WILLIAM YOUNG.
YOUNG. (L.S.)