IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW KEYS OR SPANNERS:
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Chandler, of the Firm of Messieurs Richmond
and Chandler, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, 'Agricultural
Implement Makers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW KEYS
OR SPANNERS:"
Sealed the 7th August 1866, and dated the 7th March 1866:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Chandler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the 7th
March 1866.
I, HENRY CHANDLER; of the Firm of Messieurs Richmond and Chandler;
of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Agricultural Implement Makers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention' for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW
KEYS OR SPANNERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to adjustable screw keys or spanners, and it is
particularly beneficial when applied to double screw keys or spanners, or those"
that have a pair of jaws at each end.
In performing my Invention I make the spanner in two main parts, each
of which is provided at each end with one jaw; these two main parts are con-
nected and guided by screws and slots, and by moving them slightly in the
direction of their length. in: contrary direction the jaws at both ends are
opened or closed to render the screw key available for larger or smaller bolt
heads or nuts. The requisite motion is given to the two main parts of the
screw key by an eccentric hole in a circular disc; this disc fits in a recess in

page_text: one of the parts, and the eccentric hole fits on a stud projecting from the
other part, by turning the disc partly round the two parts are moved simul-
taneously; this mode of adjusting the width between the jaws may be applied
to single as well as to double spanners.
Another mode of moving the two parts of double spanners is by means of
a short screw fitting between and taking into teeth provided on each side of a
slot in each part of the spanner.
I do not, however, limit myself to the modes described for moving
simultaneously the two parts of double spanners, as the same may be effected
by means of wedges actuated by screws or otherwise.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Chandler in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th August 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME; I, HENRY
CHANDLER, of the Firm of Messieurs Richmond and Chandler, of Salford, in
the County of Lancaster, Agricultural Implement Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant 'unto
me, the said Henry Chandler, Her special license that I, the said Henry
Chandler, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Henry Chandler, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should. .at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW KEYS OR SPANNERS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Henry Chandler, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next-
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
I
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Chandler, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):
:-
My Invention is applicable to adjustable screw keys or spanners, and it is
particularly beneficial when applied to double screw keys or spanners, or those
that have a pair of jaws at each end, and it consists in making each screw key.
or spanner of two main parts, each of which is provided at each end with one
jaw; the two main parts of the screw, key or spanner are moved laterally to
increase or reduce the space between the jaws by screws, eccentric studs, or
other suitable agents.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into operation I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a front view; Figure 2, an edge view; Figure 8, a transverse
section through the line A, B; and Figure 4, another section through the
line C, D.
a represents one of the main parts of the screw key or spanner, and 6 the
other; these parts are placed together longitudinally, and the part a is mado
with the jaws a' and a, while the part 6 is made with the jaws b¹ and bª; the
part a is made with the projection c fitting in the slot c¹ in the part b, and the:
part 6 is made with the projection d fitting into the slot d¹ in the part a; the
two parts a and b are held together by the set screws e, and they are moved
laterally so as to increase or reduce the space between the two pair of jaws
simultaneously by means of the screw f, which fits in a plain slot of the length
of the screw in the part 6; the slot in the part a is made as much longer than
the screw f as it is necessary to increase the space between the jaws a', b¹, and
a, b, and the sides of the slot in the part a are made with teeth taking into
the screw, the circumference of which is milled or roughened. The Drawing
represents the jaws of the spanner as near together as they are intended to
be, but by turning the screw f round by the thumb and finger of the workman
the part a is made to slide over the part 6, thereby increasing the space
between both pairs of jaws. As soon as the workman ceases to turn the
screw fround the spanner remains set, as in the single spanners now in use,
in which a similar screw is employed. In order to give the requisite strength
to the jaws where they join the longitudinal parts a and b, I prolong the jaws
a¹ and the entire thickness of the metal, and bevel the angle where they
join the longitudinal sides a and b, as shewn in Figure 4. I prefer to make
my improved spanners of malleable cast iron or steel, but wrought iron or steel
may be used.
Figure 5 represents a spanner constructed -according to a modification of

page_text: my Invention; Figure 6 is a section of part of the same. In this arrange-
ment the jaws are opened and closed by means of the circular disc 9 fitting
in a recess in the part a; to this disc is cast or fixed the eccentric stud h,
which fits in the slot i in the part b. The Drawing represents the jaws of the
spanner full open, but by turning the disc g gradually round in the direction
of the arrow the stud h moves the part 6 along the part a, and thereby
reduces the space between the jaws. The disc g, with the eccentric stud h,
may be employed to reduce the space between the jaws of single as well as
double spanners.
I wish it to be understood that I do not intend limit myself to the modes
described for moving simultaneously the two parts of double spanners, as the
same may be accomplished by means of wedges and screws or otherwise.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, I declare that I claim,-
First, the improved mode of constructing double screw keys or spanners
each consisting of two longitudinal main parts, as shewn and described. .
And, secondly, I claim the disc g with the eccentric stud h for opening and
closing the jaws of either single or double screw keys or spanners, as shewn
and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Chandler, have hereto set my!
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-six.
HENRY CHANDLER. (L.S.)