IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SIZING AND DRYING YARN, AND IN MEANS OR METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING WASTE HEAT THEREFOR.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bullough, of Accrington, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SIZING AND DRYING YARN, AND IN MEANS OR METHOD OF
AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING WASTE HEAT THEREFOR.
"
Sealed the 15th April 1873, and dated the 12th December 1872.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Bullough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 12th December 1872, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BULLOUGH, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SIZING AND DRYING YARN, AND IN MEANS OR METHOD OF
AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING WASTE HEAT THEREFOR," and have petitioned
Her Majesty to grant unto me, executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
Declaration that I am the true and first Inventor thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW ỲE, that I, the said John Bullough, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal,
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed in and by the following
statement:
This Invention relates, firstly, to further improvements in the reels,
composed of a series of steam pipes for drying yarn, recited and
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to one William
Lancaster, and to the present applicant, dated the Sixth day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, and
Number 683. In the Specification referred to is described a novel kind
of reel or swift, the chief feature of which consists of a number of steam
pipes near the circumference of the reel. The yarn is there described
as being arranged so as on leaving the said reels to form multiple layers
or sheets, under and between which are placed steam chests and steam
pipes to heat the air, the latter being by means of fans thrown against
the yarn.
Now my Invention consists in the employment of improved reels of
steam pipes, and apparatus connected therewith, herein-after fully
described, and in the arrangement of the yarn whereby I am enabled
to apply my improved reels under the multiple layers of yarn, and thus
dispense in most cases with the use of the steam chests and pipes, and as
the heat arising from such improved reels is not dispersed and wasted, but
is intercepted by the layers of yarn, and by the fans compelled to pass
through the yarn about and above the reels. The pipes composing the i
réels are stationary, and secured to steam chests or spaces, one at each
end of the series of pipes composing the reel, and a number of con-
ducting rollers (of improved construction herein-after fully described),
are arranged in conjunction therewith so as to guide the yarn around the
reels, and secure the maximum of heat arising therefrom. Several of 3
such reels are employed as the strength or weight of yarn may require,
and the steam chests or spaces of each of the reels are connected by
steam pipes, so as to feed and secure circulation of steam throughout the
whole. The yarn to be dried will be passed from the squeezing rollers
to a conduction roller, from thence over other such rollers to Number 1 a
of the reels, and by preference would be led on near the top of the reel,
around which by the conducting rollers first herein referred to it is
passed, completely or nearly so encircling the whole of the pipes

page_text: composing the first reel, whence it would be conducted to the upper
portion of and around in like manner other such reels and conducting
rollers, leaving the last of the series another conducting roller would
direct the yarn above the whole of the reels to the opening rods on its
way to the weaver's beam. The series of pipes composing each reel are so
described secured to the steam chests, and these and the pipes are sup-
ported by brackets or standards, and within the reels are revolving fans
for the purpose of increasing the circulation of heated air, as described
in the Specification referred to.
The improved conducting roller referred to consists of a number of
rods or rollers secured to dise ends or circles, to or through the centre
of which gudgeons or shafts are passed, and on which in suitable
bearings there rollers revolve; rollers so constructed answer all the
purposes of the ordinary rollers employed for conducting and guiding
yarn as heretofore employed, whilst they are much lighter and of less
cost, their chief utility however is that they present the least possible
contact surface for the yarn, and so in a great measure prevent the
size coating or clogging thereon, and prevent lappers; and in order the
more effectually to provide a remedy for this objection, I mount on the
end of each rod or bar a star wheel, or a dise having fingers thereon, so
that as the rollers revolve the fingers will come in contact with a
projection fixed to a convenient part of the machine, and so impart a
partial rotary motion to the rod or bar, and the contact surface of the
yarn on such roller is thus moved or changed, and the deposit of size in
the rods or bars of the conducting roller prevented. It will readily be
seen the constructing and working of rollers so made is applicable to
sizing machines generally.
In some cases the reels I enclose within girdle guide rods or wires
secured to annular rings, these rest on antifriction rollers, and revolve
by the friction drag, or draw on the yarn. The reels of pipes in this
case also are stationary, and a fan is employed in the interior as above
described.
Another of my improvements consists in mounting across the
periphery of the ordinary steam dying cylinders of such machines a
number of rods or stays, so as to prevent actual contact of the yarn with
the surface of the cylinders, and in employing fans within the layers of
yarn formed by the yarn passing from one cylinder to another to effect
a greater circulation, and utilising of the heat arising from such

page_text: cylinders. Annular rings or flanges are applied so as to support a
casing for the rods or stays, and to prevent thereby the too ready escape
of the circulated heat, and when desirable a portion of such stays and
cylinder may be enclosed or encased by wood or wire gauze, the better
to accomplish this object.
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My Invention relates, lastly, to the utilizing the waste heat arising
from furnaces of steam boilers, and in applying the same for the purpose
of supplying heat to such machinery, which I effect by the introduction
of a coiled or helical pipe or pipes to the interior of the flue near
the flue end of the boiler, the one end of such pipe is open to the 1
atmosphere, the other is connected to the ordinary heating or steam
pipes of the machine, an exhaust fan being employed to cause circulation
of air through and along the said pipes, which has become heated during
its passage through the coil or helical pipe within the flue; or I
introduce the open end of a pipe to the interior of a furnace flue, and
by fan exhaust or draw therefrom the heated air and vapours, which in
like manner are circulated through the heating or steam pipes of the
machine.
In order that the Invention may be clearly understood, I have
hereunto annexed four Sheets of Drawing, and have marked the same
with figures and letters of reference, the same letter referring to the
same part in the various views or Figures, in which Figure 1 is a
longitudinal section of part of a sizing and drying machine, shewing the
improved reels and conducting rollers under the layers of yarn; Figure 2
is an end elevation of part of one of such reels, shewing bracket or
standard for supporting the same.
Figure 3, Sheet Two shews the steam pipes arranged in the figure of
a square (in lieu of circular), and the steam pipe connections and
chambers; Figure 4 is shewn the steam pipes encircled by a girdle
of guide rods or wires, and the antifriction rollers on which this
revolves.
Figure 5 is a cross section of a pair of ordinary drying cylinders, with
supports for preventing contact of the yarn with the cylinders surface,
and the fans arranged within the layers of yarn; Figure 6 is a section of
the cylinder.
Figures 7 and 8 are front and end elevation of my improved conducting

page_text: A, A, are the ordinary squeezing rollers, the yarn B passes over the
conducting rollers B³, B³, B³, B', to the reel C, the steam pipes D of
which are connected at each end with steam chambers or compartments E.
The connection of the chambers or compartments E of the whole of the
reels O is effected by mens of the pipes F; G, G, are the conducting
rollers whereby the yarn B is caused to encircle the reel C, the like
construction of reels C, steam pipes D, conducting rollers G, and steam
connecting pipes F being employed throughout the whole series until
the yarn reaches the last of the conducting rollers G³, whence it passes,
as shewn at B¹. It will thus be seen the yarn is caused to encircle one
after the other the various reels, and to form above each a layer H, and
over the whole is the layer -B¹. Thus the heat arising from the pipes D
is more completely absorbed, and the action of the fans J is not to expel
the heated air except through and about the multiple layers B, H,
and K.
At L, Figure 4, is shewn the girdle of guide rods or wires secured to
the annular rings M. These are received on the antifriction rollers N,
on which the said girdle of rods is free to revolve by the frictional strain
of the yarn thereon.
P, P, Figure 5 and 6, Sheet 4 are the rods or stays placed and
supported across the periphrey of the ordinary drying cylinders P¹, P¹,
by the supports p, so as to prevent actual contact of the yarn with the
surface of the cylinders. The side pieces or supports p are extended, as
shewn, above the rods P, so as to prevent the side exit of the air
therefrom by the fans J under the yarn. The fans, as shewn, are placed
with the layers of yarn formed by its passage from one cylinder to the
other, in some instances enclose or encase a portion of the cylinder and
supports by wood or gauze, as shewn at R, Figure 5, to prevent the too
ready exit of the air (from the fan) from between the cylinder's surface
on the supports P.
The construction of the improved conducting roller which I employ
is shewn clearly by Figures 7 and 8, Sheet Four. S, S, are the rods or
bars secured to the discs or circular ends T; T is the shaft on which
the roller is to revolve or turn; W, W, are the star wheels or discs.
5 The projections or fingers X as the roller revolves come in contact with
the stop piece Y, and thereby each of the star wheels and rods S to
which they are secured, as they in succession come in contact with the
stop piece Y are caused to make a partial rotation in the reverse way

page_text: to the direction of the whole rollers rotation, so that the portion of the
rod S on which the yarn then is will slide from under the yarn, and so
change the position of such rods' contact with the yarn.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of the said
Invention, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my Invention,-
Firstly. The peculiar combination of the reels and conducting rollers,
arranged so as to secure the more effectual action of the heated air on
the yarn, as described and illustrated at Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the
Drawings hereunto annexed.
Secondly. The friction rollers for carrying the girdle of guide rods, as 1
shewn at Figure 4, and hercin fully described.
Thirdly. The rods or stays P, P, together with the flanges and
casing R, and the fans J, as shewn at Figure 5, as and for the purpose
herein fully described and illustrated.
Fourthly. The conducting rollers composed of a series or number of 1
rods or rollers, as herein fully described and illustrated.
And lastly. The application and use of waste heat, as and for the
purpose herein fully described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bullough, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of December, in the year 2
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
BENJAMIN GRIMSHAW,
Accrington.
JOHN BULLOUGH. (L.S.)