Improvements in and relating to Dryers for Granular, Pulverulent and Pasty Materials and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 14th July, 1898
Complete Specification Left, 12th Apr., 1899-Accepted, 20th May, 1899
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Improvements in and relating to Dryers for Granular, Pulverulent
and Pasty Materials and the like.
I, CHARLES ERITH, of 70, Gracechurch Street, in the City and County of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows.-
This invention relates to an improved apparatus for drying granular, pul-
verulent and pasty materials such as cement slurry, china clay, whiting, and
the like, the objects being to dry such materials in a rapid and economical
manner by diffusing hot air or gases under, above and around the tanks in which
they are placed, and to minimise labour in the handling of the said materials.
According to this invention, the material is placed in tanks which are furnished
with doors at the sides. These doors are either hinged or arranged to slide
upwards in suitable grooves in the bottoms and ends of such tanks; so that they
can be readily opened or removed and thus allow the dried material to be
pushed out without its being necessary either to remove the said tanks from
the cars or trolleys on which they are mounted, or to lift the said dried material.
The tanks are preferably made with inclined sides and doors, but this is not
obligatory.
The cars or trolleys are preferably made of steel, and have racks for support-
ing the tanks at each end, sufficient clearance being allowed between each set of
racks for the hot air to freely circulate between the tanks.
The dryer building is composed of one or more tunnels, provided at one end
with inlets for the hot air, and at the other end with outlets for the saturated air.
The trucks with their tanks loaded with the wet material are introduced through
doors at the end of the tunnel or tunnels nearest the air outlets, and gradually
pass to the other end of the said tunnel or tunnels during the process of drying,
so that their motion is contrary to the direction of the hot air. In regular working
the tunnel or tunnels are kept filled with trucks, and as trucks of dried material
are removed at the discharging end, similar trucks with wet material are intro-
duced at the Icading end of tunnels, and pushed down with the intermediate
trucks.
It will be evident that as the hot air continues to absorb inore and more
moisture as it travels down the tunnel or tunnels, the wet material is subjected
to an increasing range of temperature as it travels towards the discharging end,
until it comes into contact with dry air at the final stage; and it will be obvious
that the drying is greatly facilitated thereby.
When the trucks with dried material are removed from the discharging end
of the dryer, they are wheeled to the burning kilns, storehouses, or other
receptacles for the dried product. The doors of the tanks are then opened or
removed and the dried material pushed out. In this way all handling of the
material throughout the drying process is obviated. The doors are then replaced

page_text: in position, and the trucks returned to the loading end of dryer for a fresh
charge of wet material.
The furnace attached to the dryer is of any suitable design to secure economical
con bustion of fuel, and one or more fans or blowers are placed at the rear of such
furnace to induce the gases from such furnace, while mingling them with such
volume of atmospheric air from a regulated opening as may be desirable to
reduce the temperature of the gases and to give a sufficient volume of air and
gases for drying purposes. The fans force the said air and gases into the hot
air flue communicating with the inlets to each tunnel and thence through
such tunnels to the outlet openings at the other end. The outlet openings pre-
ferably connect with a horizontal flue terminating in a vertical outlet shaft at
the side of the dryer, but they may connect with the atmosphere through the
tunnel ceiling, or the doors at the loading ends of the tunnels may be raised so
as to discharge the saturated air and gases under the same.
The furnace may be replaced by a battery of steam or hot water pipes or any
other suitable apparatus for heating the air used for drying, or the fan or fans
may draw the heat required from burning kilns or any other source where waste
heat is available.
Dated this 1441,
0 T 1
ROBERT E. PHILLIPS, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., MI. Mech. E.,
Chartered Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in and relating to Dryers for Granular, Pulverulent
and Pasty Materials and the like.
T, CHARLES ERITH, of 70, Gracechurch Street, in the City and County of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement -
This invention relates to an improved apparatus for drying granular, pul-
verulent and pasty materials such as cement slurry, china clay, whiting, and
the like, the objects being to dry such materials in a rapid and economical
manner by diffusing hot air or gases under, above and around the tanks in which
they are placed, and to minimise labour.
I will now particularly describe my invention making reference to the accom-
panying drawing in which Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of a car or trolley
loaded with tanks containing the cement slurry or the like.
Figure 2 is a view in end elevation thereof.
Figure 3 is a plan view partly in section of the dryer building.
Figure 4 is an end view thereof in section, and
Figure 5 is a view in section of the furnace and hot air chamber.
Throughout the views similar parts are marked with like letters of reference.
According to this invention, the material to be dried is placed in a group of
tanks mounted on a suitable car or trolley. The tanks A are furnished with
doors a at the sides, which are preferably inclined as shown. These doors a are
either hinged as shown or arranged to slide upwards in suitable grooves in the
bottoms and ends of such tanks so that they can be readily opened or removed
and thus allow the dried material to be pushed out without its being necessary

page_text: either to remove the said tanks from the cars or trolleys on which they are
mounted, or to lift the said dried material.
for
The cars or trolleys B are preferably made of steel, and have racks
supporting the tanks A. at each end, sufficient clearance being allowed between
each set of racks for the hot air to freely circulate between the tanks.
The dryer building or kiln is composed of one or more tunnels C, provided at
one end with inlets for the hot air, and at the other end with outlets e for
the saturated air.
The cars or trolleys B with their tanks A loaded with the wet material are
introduced through doors at the end of the tunnel or tunnels C nearest the air
outlets and gradually pass to the other end of the said tunnel or tunnels during
the process of drying, so that their motion is contrary to the direction of the hot
air. In regular working the tunnel or tunnels are kept filled with trucks and
as trucks of dried material are removed at the discharging end through doors e
similar trucks with wet material are introduced at the loading end of tunnels,
and pushed down with the intermediate trucks.
It will be evident that as the hot air continues to absorb more and more
moisture as it travels down the tunnel or tunnels, the wet material is subjected
to an increasing range of temperature as it travels towards the discharging end,
until it comes into contact with dry air at the final stage, and it will be obvious
that the drying is greatly facilitated thereby.
When the trucks with dried material are removed from the discharging end
of the dryer, they are wheeled to the burning kilns, storehouses, or other
receptacles for the dried product. The doors a¹ of the tanks A are then opened or
removed and the dried material pushed out. In this way all handling of the
material throughout the drying process is obviated. The doors a are then replaced
in position, and the trucks returned to the loading end of dryer for a fresh
charge of wet material.
The furnace D attached to the dryer is of any suitable design to secure
economical combustion of fuel, and one or more fans or blowers are placed at the
rear of such furnace to induce the gases from such furnace, while mingling them
with such volume of atmospheric air from a regulated opening e as may be
desirable to reduce the temperature of the gases and to give a sufficient volume
of air and gases for drying purposes. The fans force the said air and gases
into the hot air flue el communicating with the inlets e to each tunnel and thence
through such tunnels to the outlet openings at the other end. The outlet
openings preferably connect with a horizontal flue connected with a suitable
shaft, but they may connect with the atmosphere through the tunnel ceiling,
or the doors at the loading ends of the tunnels may be raised so as to discharge
the saturated air and gases under the same.
The furnace may be replaced by a battery of steam or hot water pipes or any
other suitable apparatus for heating the air used for drying, or the fan or fans
may draw the heat required from burning kilns or any other source where waste
heat is available.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
(1) In drying apparatus for granular, pulverulent and pasty materials, and the
like, the use of a group of tanks mounted on a car or trolley so as to have free
air space between them, the said tanks having inclined sides and hinged or
sliding doors, as and for the purpose set forth.
(2) An apparatus for drying granular pulverulent and pasty materials and the
like, comprising essentially one or more tunnels heated by hot air through which
trolleys containing the material to be dried are caused to pass in such a manner
that their motion is contrary to the direction of the hot air, which is caused to

page_text: enter at one end or ends of the tunnel or tunnels and to escape at the opposite
end or ends thereof, as set forth.
(3) In combination a kiln consisting of a series of tunnels such as C, of a
furnace such as 1) having an air inlet such as e, of a flue such as e¹ connecting
the furnace D with one end of the tunnels, of a flue such as connecting the
other end of the tunnels with a suitable shaft and cars or trolleys such as Beach
carrying a group of tanks such as A, as set forth.
(4) The improved apparatus for drying granular, pulverulent and pasty
materials and the like, constructed arranged and adapted to operate substantially
as hereinbefore described and shown.
Dated this 14th day of April 1899.
ROBERT E. PHILLIPS, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., M.I. Mech. E.,
Chartered Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.