Improvements in and relating to Water-tube Boilers.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 13th May, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 7th Feb., 1898-Accepted, 14th Mar., 1896
Improvements in and relating to Water-tube Boilers.
We, HENRY MARIE LEBLOND, and JEAN MARIE JOSEPH ADRIEN CAVILLE,
Engineers, of Cherbourg (Mauche) in the Republic of Fiance, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows
Our invention relates to a boiler based on the known principles governing the
general construction of multitubular boilers with water-tubes, that is to way,
boilers composed of a bundle or group of small tubes running into collecting
vessels at each of their ends The water contained in the tubes which are directly
exposed at the ends of the furnace, takes an upward movement into the upper
part to disengage the steam formed therein, and to re-descend to the lower part
by the external tubes, the said tubes returning the water and thus producing
perfect circulation
Our improved boiler is characterized essentially by the special arrangements
hereinafter described.
To enable our invention to be more readily understood, we have shown one
aangement of our boiler in the accompanying diawing by way of example
only.
Figure is a vertical longitudinal ceutial section, and
Figure 2 a front elevation, partly in transverse section, showing our improved
boiler.
Figure 3 is a detail view showing the method of fixing the tubes.
Figme 4 represents in front elevation, side elevation and plan, a battery of our
improved boilers.
In these figures like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
This boiler, conti aly to those of Temple, Thorny croft, and others only comprises
two collecting diums or chambers a, b instead of three, moreover, these collecting
chambers are arranged transversely stead of endwise. This difference presents
considerable advantages, inasmuch as, contrary to the known boilers of this kind,
it permits the examination, making of revairs and maintenance, either from the
front, or from the back, without the necessity of having access to the sules of the
boiler, the walls or casings being provided, for this purpose, either with doors m,
or with removable panels n. This is very important, especially if it is considered
that the most general application of this class of boiler is in the installation of
evaporative apparatus for ships where the available space is very limited. With
boilers of this construction, since the repairs and examinations are made from the
front or back, there is nothing to prevent the boilers from being arranged side by
side and meeting one another thus forming a regular battery taking up a
minimum of space, see Figure 4, which cannot be uone in the case of other
boilers of the same class, where it is necessary to leave a space sufficient for
examination and maintenance between each of the boilers.
The small tubes e, which are of steel, copper, or other suitable metal are of
the simplest possible shape whilst permitting free expansion, and also allowing the
interior to be cleaned.
The group of tubes is formed, in two distinct parts. In the first part, the tubes
from to care arranged so as to lie one beside the other and prevent any passage
of the flames, it is the same in the second part from c³ to c; in all the other

page_text: parts, on the contrary, they are aanged in fives, ie, with the spaces between
the tubes of one 10w opposite the tubes in the adjacent row or rows so as to leave
a free passage between them allowing the hot gases to envelop on surround them
in all parts.
The whole being thus arranged it is easy to see the duection taken by the
flames. The latter first strike on the part c¹-c³, and finding no passage, lise
towards where they enter into the first part of the multitubular group,
arrested again by -e, they again descend towards whore, finding at last
a free passage, they again rise into the second put of the group, and finally
escape through the chimney or funnel d.
Thus, by this simple airangement, we force the flames, after having entirely
surrounded the tubes throughout their whole length and having passed along a
path of sufficient length to permit the withdrawal of all their heat, to change
their direction twice; and consequently to effect a perfect mixture of the gases.
and a very perfect combustion which could still, if desired, be rendered more
active by admitting an into the chamber e by openings in the bottom of the ash-
pit at f
To secure the tubes e and hold them in place
a perfectly tight manner, we
airange a metal washer g, Figme 3, at each end of the tubes.
This washer, which is suitably secured to the tube, either by means of a tube-
expander or by screwing and brazing is formed with a circular groove on its
lower face; the free end of the tube being screw-threaded.
i
In the collecting chamber. wo form a hole of the diamoter of the tube and
around this hole we form a groove 3, of the same diameter as that made in tho
washer g fixed on the tube, and this groove is sufficiently deep to compensate for
the cylindical surface of the collecting chamber and thus provide a flat seat or
hearing. The whole being thue arranged, the end of the tube is introduced into
Its place and after a soft metal ug has been introduced between the washer
and the wall of the collecting vessel, a nut is screwed onto the screw-threaded
cad of the tube, so as to draw in the tube, the ug & being consequently flattened
and thus forming a perfectly tight joint
For repairing one or more tubes it is only necessary to remove the nut and the
tube can then be withdiawn. To put the tube in again, it 18 only necessary to
replaco the flattened ring by a new one.
It must be understood that our improved boiler can be constructed of all
dimensions, and we reserve the right to modify its form and accessory arrange-
ments according to its various appliontions.
Dated this 13th day of May 1894.
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.
We, HENRY MARIE LEBLOND, and JEAN MARIE JOSEPH ADRIEN CAVILLE,
Engineers, of Cherbourg (Mauche) in tho Republic of France, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our invention.clates to a boiler based on the known principles governing the
general construction of multitubular boilers with water-tubes, that is to say,
boilers composed of a bundle or group of small tubes unnug into collecting
vessels at cach of their ends. The water contained in the tubes which are directly

page_text: upper
pait to disengage the steam formed therein, and to re-descend to the lower part
by the external tubes the said tubes returning the water and thus producing
perfect circulation.
Our unproved boiler is characterized casentially by the special nangements
hereinafter described.
To enable ou invention to be more readily understood, we have shown one
arrangement of our boiler in the accompanying diawing by way of example
only.
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal cential section, and
Figure 2 a front elevation, partly in transverse section, showing our improved
boiler.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section showing a modification of our boiler adapted
for industrial purposes
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section showing another modification of our boile
with internal water return tubes.
Figure 5 is a detail view showing the method of fixing the tubes.
Figure 6 represents in front elevation, side elevation and plan, a battery of our
improved boilers
In these figues like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
morcover,
This boiler, contrary to those of Temple, Thornycroft, and others, only
comprises two collecting drums or chamber's a, instead of three,
these collecting chambers are aanged transversely instead of endwise. This
difference presents considerable advantages, uasmuch as, contrary to the known
boilers of this kind, it permits the examination, making of repaus and main-
tenance, either from the front, ou from the back, without the necessity of having
access to the sides of the boiler, the walls or casings being provided, for this
pui pose, either with doors m, or with removable panels This is very important,
especially if it is considered that the most general application of this class of
boiler is in the installation of evaporative apparatus for ships where the available
space is very limited With boilers of this construction, since the repairs and
examinations are made from the front or back, there is nothing to prevent the
boilers from being arranged side by side and meeting one another thus forming a
egular battery taking up a minimum of space, see Figure 6, which cannot be
advantageously done in the case of other boilers of the same class, where it is
necessary to leave a space sufficient for examination and maintenance between
each of the boilers
The small tubes c, which nie of steel, copper, or other suitable metal nie of the
simplest possible shape which whilst permitting free expannou, also allows the
interior to be cleaned.
The group of tubes is forined, in two distinct parts. In the first part, the tubes
from cl to are arranged so as to lie one beside the other and prevent any passage
of the flames, it is the same in the second part from c³ to cf; in all the other
parts, on the contrary, they are arranged 10 fives, ze with the spaces between the
tubes of one 10w opposite the tubes in the adjacent low or rows so as to leave a
free passage between them allowing the hot gases to envelop or surround them in
all parts.
The whole being thus arranged it is easy to seo the direction taken by the
flames. The latter first strike on the part c¹ c³, and finding no passage, rise
towards where they enter into the first part of the multitubular group,
arrested again by c, they again descend towards where, finding at last a
free passage, they again ise into the second part of the group, and finally escapo
through the chimney or funnel d
Thus, by this simple arrangement, we cause the flames to change their direction
twice after having entirely surrounded the tubes throughout the whole length
and having passed along a path of sufficient length to permit the withdrawal of all
their heat and consequently to effect a perfect mixture of the gases and a very

page_text: perfect combustion which could still, if desired, be rendered more active by
admitting an into the chamber e by openings in the bottom of the ash-pit at f.
For boilers designed for industrial purposes, and especially stationary boilers
working with natural draught, we moduly our multitubular boiler as shown in
Figure 3
Instead of causing the hot gases and flames to twice change then direction, as
above described, the tubes c of the group are only placed side by side so as to form
a screen in the part e, c and so divide the group of tubes into two distinct parts
The second part of the group can, moreover, be protected by a screen p of
refractory or other suitable matoual
The gases and the flames from the furnace rise and enculate across the tubes
of the last part of the group, which is thus heated, ou the one hand, by the
radiation from the furnace, and on the other hand by contact with the flames
The hot gases then act at the front of the boiler on the second part of the group
which they pass through lengthwise to finally oscape at the lower part by a fine q
provided in the floor of the boiler-house.
By this arrangement, whilst obtaining a very good cuculation and mixture of
the gases, we cause them to envelop all parts of the boiler and we do away
moreover with a chimney or Hue in the upper part of the said boiler.
We have indicated above that the water return-tubes are placed at the exterior
of the boiler, this arrangement applies particularly to boilers for working at full
power with a rapid cnculation, notably on torpedo-bonts.
But, when the fing is not to be pushed so energetically on cruisers for example,
where batteries of boilers are installed, or even in land installations for supplying
factores, we arrange these water return-tubes r, preferably in the interior of the
group of tubes at the part of the boiler furthest from the furnace, as shown in
Figme 4, where the temperature is lowest.
These tubes are moreover protected, if necessary, against the radiation of the
furnace, by refractory or other screens p.
This arrangement of internally arranged water return-tubes is of vety great
importance for the general installation of multitubular boilers both on land and at
sen, for it leaves the side faces entirely fice and enables the boilers to be placed
one against the other; the losses of heat by radiation from the facades are thus
avoided and a great economy of space morcover results from this arrangement
It must be understood that this internal arrangement of water return-tubes can
be appled either to boilers having a flue provided beneath the ground or floor of
the boiler-house for the escape of the gases, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, or to
boilers carrying a chimney or funnel at then upper part.
To secure the tubes c and hold them in place in a perfectly tight manner, we
arrange a metal washer o, Figure 5, at each end of the tubes
This washer, which is suitably secured to the tube either by means of a tube-
expander or by screwing and brazing is formed with a cucular groove h on its
lower face, the end of the tube being left free and screw-threaded.
In the collecting chamber, we form a hole of the diameter of the tube and
around this hole we form a groove), of the same diameter as that made in the
washer g fixed on the tube, and thus groove 18 sufficiently deep to compensate
for the cylindrical surface of the collecting chamber and thus provide a flat seat
or bearing. The whole being thus arranged, the end of the tube is introduced into
its place and after a soft metal ng has been introduced between the washer g
and the wall of the collecting vessel, a nut is screwed onto the sciew-threaded
end of the tube, so as to draw in the tube, the ing & being consequently flattened
and thus forming a perfectly tight joint
ん
For repaning, if one or more tubes are to be removed, it is only necessary to
remove the nut and the tube can then be withdrawn. To put the tubo m again,
it is only necessary to replace the flattened ring by a new one.
It is evident that we can also employ ngs of other material (such as metal,
mineral or any fabric) and we can morcover simply expand the tubes into the

page_text: collecting chambers by means of a tube-expander, as 18 generally practised in
the art.
It must be understood that our improved boiler can be constructed in all
dimensions, and we reserve the night to modify its form and accessory arrangements
according to its various applications.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what wo
claim is.―
First. A multitubular or water-tube boiler with two collecting chambers or
drums, arranged parallel to the facades which are provided with doors and
removable panels for examination and ropairs, the group of tubes being in two
parts forming screens, serving to produce windings to retard the outflow of the
gases and effect then mixture, substantially as bei einbefore described.
Second. The modification of our invention in which the boiler is provided with
internally arranged water return-tubes and the group of tubes is divided into two
parts by a screen forming windings, this screen being formed by a series of tubes
nought closely against each other for a part of their length, and by a partition of
refractory or other material, the first part of the tubular group being exposed to
the indintion of the furnace and the second part communicating with a fluo
arranged beneath the floor of the boiler-house for carrying off the smoke
Third. In a boiler such as is hereinbefore described, the special method of fixing
the tubes, substantially as above described with reference to Figure 5 of the
diawings, for the purpose specified.
Fourth. The improved multitubular or water-tube boiler, constructed substantially
as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, or to Figure 3, or to Figure 4, or
to Figure 6 of the accompanying diawings, for the purposes specified.
Dated thun 7th den of
1800
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, Loudon, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, Loudon, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.