IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Warner, of Laurence Pountney Lane, in
the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT."
Sealed the 25th September 1868, and dated the 27th March 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Warner at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th March 1868.
I, ARTHUR WARNER, of Laurence Pountney Lane, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of improved
cements by combining silicate of iron (which I prefer to obtain from
the slags produced in the manufacture of iron) or by combining the'
oxides of iron or iron ores with sulphate of lime in suitable proportions'
(to which silica and clay may be added). In order to impart hardness
and durability for external use I employ suitable proportions of soluble
phosphates, acids, or other suitable chemical equivalents.

page_text: The proportions or thereabout which I have found to be suitable for
making a serviceable cement in accordance with my Invention are as
follows:-7 cwt. sulphate of lime; 3 cwt. silicate of iron or its equivalent,
to which for some purposes I add 28 lbs. of soluble phosphate, or of
phosphoric or boracic acid in smaller quantities according to strength,
or other suitable chemical equivalent to act in combination with the
silicate of iron.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Arthur Warner in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th September 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
WARNER, of Laurence Pountney Lane, in the City of London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters, Patent, bearing date the, Twenty-seventh day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs. and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Arthur Warner, Her special licence
that I, the said Arthur Warner, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur Warner, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term.
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Arthur Warner, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date, of the said Letters
Patent..
1
NOW KNOW.. YE, that the said Arthur Warner, do hereby declare.
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of improved
cements by combining silicate of iron (which I prefer to obtain from
the slags produced in the manufacture of iron) or by combining the
oxides of iron or iron ores with sulphate of lime in suitable proportions
(to which silica may be added). In order to impart hardness and
durability for external use I employ suitable proportions of soluble
phophates, acids,, or other suitable chemical equivalents.
:
In carrying out my Invention I take iron slag and grind it to a
fine powder (by preference so that it will pass a 20 mesh sieve, to the
inch) and mix it intimately in an ordinary flour mill with sulphate of
lime which has been previously mixed with a proportion of soluble
phosphate of lime, the proportions: being varied according to: the-use
for which the cement is required.
The proportions of the several above-mentioned ingredients which I
have found most useful in the manufacture of cement according to my
improvements are as follows:-7 cwt. sulphate of lime calcined; 3 cwt.
silicate of iron, iron ores, or oxide of iron; and 28 lbs. soluble phosphate
of lime. Super-phosphate of lime may be employed in place of soluble
phosphate, in which case I use equal parts of super-phosphate and of
silicate of iron or other oxide of iron. Phosphoric or boracic acid may
be substituted for the soluble phosphate of lime in the proportion of
from seven to fourteen pounds according to strength to 3 cwt. of silicate
of iron; or in place of phosphoric or boracic acid I employ any of their
salts or other suitable chemical equivalent which will form a cementing
substance according to this part of my improvements when combined
with silicate of iron, with or without the addition of sulphate of lime.
In making a cement without the addition of sulphate of lime it is
desirable to use a larger proportion of soluble phosphate of lime. The
above materials are intimately mixed together in the form of powder, and
water is added until the cement is of suitable consistency to be applied
to the purpose for which it is required.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is carried into practice, what I claim is, the manu-
facture of an improved cement by combining silicate of iron with
sulphate of lime, as herein described.

page_text: I also claim the combination of the oxides of iron or iron ores with
sulphate of lime in the manufacture of cement, as herein described.
I also claim the use of phosphoric or boracic acid or any of their salts
or other suitable chemical equivalent which will form a cementing
substance when combined according to my Invention with silicate of
iron, oxides of iron, or iron ores, either with or without the addition
of sulphate of lime, for the manufacture of cement, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Warner, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight.
ARTHUR WARNER. (L.S.)
ARTHUR WARNER. (L.S.)