Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 8th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 12th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 31st May, 1887.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of No. 46 Lincolns Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
The present improvements in machinery for producing continuous fleeces or felts
refer primarily to the relative positions of the beating rollers, pin rollers and the main
carding cylinder, to which latter the material for producing the felt or fleece is
fed first.
In some machines for such purposes, the beating or pin rollers for causing the flying
and division of the material have been so arranged, that they block up the passage in
which the material is intended to take its flying course, between the carding cylinder
and the surface in connexion with an exhauster on which the material is deposited and
which will be hereinafter called the sucking surface. Such arrangements as heretofore
proposed will create counter currents, whirlwinds etc., that will counteract the free
Hying movement of the material and will cause, generally speaking, an unsystematic
delivery of the material, whereas the material should be driven in one distinct and
definite direction flying freely for the continuous production of an even felt or fleece.
For producing the desired effect the beating rollers, or beating rollers in connection
with pin rollers are arranged in such a manner, that the air currents, created by the
said rollers, in conjunction with the air currents, created by the main carding cylinder
will give such resultants, that between this main carding cylinder and the suction
Pri 81

page_text: surface a free passage for the flying material is established, which is not interrupted by
interposed rotating rollers. Thus a more uniform and regular and an accelerated mode
of producing felts or fleeces is established.
In making felts or fleeces of material that does not necessitate the use of pin
rollers or dividing rollers or beating rollers there may be substituted for such rollers
entirely or partially air jets or steam jets, the direction of which is such that in like
manner to rollers, they will cause the free delivery of the material in the flying passage
between the main carding cylinder and the suction surface. When employing steam
jets they may have a twofold use viz. to direct the flying material by the force of the
jet and to moisten the fibres of material by the condensing steam, which moistening
may result in a better felting of the material. Where steam is not employed, air jets
may be employed in conjunction with water, so as to cause the latter to be distributed
as a spray, to moisten the material and at the same time to direct and accelerate the
delivery of the material.
In one arrangement of a machine according to the present invention the main
carding cylinder has its entire surface covered with teeth as usual or in any convenient
manner and to it the fibrous material is fed by means of an endless apron, with or
without one or a pair of feeding rollers. Above this cylinder are arranged two
compartments, one in which the coarser and another in which the finer impurities are
collected. Behind the cylinder are two beating rollers and two pin rollers, arranged
in such a manner, that from the main carding cylinder to the suction surface a free
curved passage hereinafter called the fly passage is formed, along which the well
separated or dissolved material is caused to fly. The travel of the material in the
required direction along the passage is caused by systematic cooperation of the main
carding cylinder and rollers creating a current of air in the required curved direction
and it is preferred that the revolving speed of parts should increase in a direction from
the main carding cylinder towards the suction surface, that is to say, that the rollers
nearer the latter should revolve faster. In this arrangement, no counter currents or
whirl winds are created and an accelerated uniform and distinct direction of propulsion
of material is obtained which is assisted by the sucking action of the exhauster in
connexion with the suction surface.
In order to equalize or neutralise any incidental deviations in the air current in the
machine, there are arranged across the entire width of the machine small dampers or
valves, capable of being regulated, so that they may be opened or shut at will, the
quantity of air entering through these dampers may furthermore be regulated by the
throttle extending also over the entire width of the machine.
The flying of material, created by the arrangement and operation of parts above
described will produce a fleece or felt of great uniformity in the distribution of the
fibres.
As already indicated the beating rollers and pin rollers may be partly or entirely
dispensed with substituting therefor pipes, by which air or steam may be forced in in
fine jets through suitable apertures. Such jet pipes may be arranged in any required
number and may be capable of being turned so as to allow of directing the air or steam
jets in any desired direction in which they will promote the flying of the material in
its proper course. If steam jets are employed, the steam will soon condense and
surround the individual fibres with a fine film of moisture, thereby causing the
material to spread with more density in the form of fleece or felt on the suction
surface. If the moistening of the fibres by means of steam does not suffice, or if no
steam jets are employed but air jets only, a fine spray of water may be introduced into
the chamber containing the fly passage which spray is caused by allowing fine jets of
air or steam to issue through apertures in a pipe in such a way as to distribute into a
fine spray the water which is induced to flow out of suitable pipes by means of the
said jets.
The distribution of the water as well as the direction of its action on the flying
material may be assisted by arranging an adjustable plate, against which the water jets
can be projected and by which they are deflected in a fine spray in the required

page_text: direction. The jets or spray will assist to accelerate the motion of the flying fibres in
their course from cylinder to the suction surface and will thereby increase the quantity
produced by the machine.
I am aware that moistening of the fibrous material has been effected before it has
been gripped by the feeding apron or feeding rollers. But this does not answer the
purpose inasmuch as the moisture in this case prevents a thorough dissolution or
separation by the action of the main carding cylinder, and on the other hand, the
strong air current within the machine will dry up the moisture thus imparted. It may
be remarked that by employing steam or water spray within the machine any danger
of fire therein is obviated, whereas in carding machines it is usually somewhat
frequent, especially with such material as employed to produce fleece and in felt
making.

page_text: Fleeces and Felted Goods.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE of number 46 Lincolns Inn Fields, London, in the County
of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention (a communication to me from abroad by Ambrosius Marthaus of Oschatz,
Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire, Felt manufacturer) and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The present improvements in machinery for producing continuous fleeces or felts
refer primarily to the relative positions of the beating rollers pin rollers and main
carding cylinder, to which latter the material for producing the felt or fleece is
fed first.
In some machines for such purposes, the beating or pin rollers for causing the flying
and division of the material have been so arranged, that they block up the passage, in
which the material is intended to take its flying course, between the carding cylinder
and the surface in connection with an exhauster on which the material is deposited
and which will hereafter be called the sucking surface.
Such arrangements as heretofore proposed will create counter-currents, eddies etc.,
that will counteract the free flying movement of the material and will cause, generally
speaking, an irregular delivery of the material, whereas the material should be driven
in one distinct and definite direction, flying freely, for the continuous production of an
even felt or fleece.
For producing the desired effect the beating rollers, or beating rollers in connection
with pin rollers are arranged in such a manner, that the air currents, created by the
said rollers, in conjunction with the air currents created by the main carding cylinder
will give such resultants, that between this main carding cylinder and the suction
surface a free passage for the flying material is established, and is not interrupted by
interposed rotating rollers. Thus a more uniform and regular and an accelerated mode
of producing felts or fleeces is established.
In making felts or fleeces of material that does not necessitate the use of pin rollers
or dividing rollers or beating rollers there may be substituted for such rollers entirely
or partially air jets or steam jets, the direction of which is such that in like manner to
the rollers, they will cause the free delivery of the material in the flying passage
between the main carding cylinder and the suction surface.
The use of steam jets may have a twofold effect viz. to direct the flying material by
the force of the jet and to moisten the fibres of material by the condensing steam.

page_text: Where steam is not employed air jets may be employed in conjunction with water, so
as to cause the latter to be distributed as a spray, to moisten the material and at the
same time to direct and accelerate the delivery of the material.
It is preferred, however to use air jets alone without water, as it is found that they
give the best results.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings wherein is represented in section a
machine according to the present invention. A is the main carding cylinder which
has its entire surface covered with teeth or pins as usual or in any convénient manner.
The fibrous material is fed to this cylinder by means of an endless apron, with or
without one or a pair of feeding rollers. Above this cylinder are arranged two com-
partments, B and C in the former of which the coarser and in the latter of which the
finer impurities of the material are collected. Behind this cylinder are two beating
rollers F and two pin rollers F3 F arranged in such a manner, that from wherein the
main carding cylinder to the suction-surface - a free curved passage hereinafter called
the fly passage is formed along which the well separated or disintegrated material is
caused to fly. The travel of the material in the required direction along the passage
is caused by systematic cooperation of the main carding cylinder A and rollers Fi
to F, creating a current of air in the required curved direction and it is preferred
that the revolving speed of parts should increase in a direction from the main carding
cylinder towards the suction surface, that is to say, that the rollers nearer the latter
should revolve faster.
In this arrangement, no counter currents or eddies are created and an accelerated
uniform and distinct direction of propulsion of material is obtained, which is assisted
by the sucking action of the exhaust X in connection with the suction surface.
In order to equalize or neutralize any incidental deviations in the air current in the
machine, there are arranged at J across the entire width of the machine small dampers
or valves capable of being regulated, so that they may be opened or shut at will, the
quantity of air entering through these dampers may furthermore be regulated by
the throttle H extending also over the entire width of the machine.
The flight of material, created by the arrangement and operation of parts above
described will produce a fleece or felt of great uniformity in the distribution of the
fibres.
As already indicated the beating rollers and pin rollers, F¹ to F may be partly or
entirely dispensed with substituting therefor pipes T, by which air or steam may be
forced in in fine jets through suitable apertures U. Such jet pipes may be arranged
in any required number and may be capable of being turned so as to allow of directing
the air or steam jets in any desired direction in which they will promote the flying of
the material in its proper course. E' E' E are openings formed in a casing and
through which air may be drawn if necessary. These openings are in some cases
useful for the proper working of the cylinder A and fly rollers F, but are not necessary
if air be passed through pipes T.
If steam jets are employed, the steam will soon condense and surround the individual
fibres with a fine film of moisture. If the moistening of the fibres by means of steam
does not suffice, or if no steam jets are employed, but air jets only, a fine spray of
water may be introduced into the chamber containing the fly passage which spray
is caused by allowing fine jets of air or steam to issue through apertures in a pipe P,
in such a way as to distribute into a fine spray the water which is induced to flow out
of suitable pipes by means of the said jets. In the majority of cases, however, air jets
alone are preferable both to steam and to air and water.
The distribution of the spray as well as the direction of its action on the flying
material may be assisted by arranging an adjustable plate S, against which the jets
can be projected and by which they are deflected in the required direction.
The jets or spray will assist to accelerate the motion of the flying fibres in their
course from the cylinder A to the suction surface x-x and will thereby increase the
quantity produced by the machine.
The suction surface - is not an essential feature in this machine which for many
classes of work will operate equally well without it.

page_text: The following is the signification of the dotted lines in the figure:-
a b Resultant of forces originated by A and F¹.
a b and F'.
cd and F.
cd=
"
"
"
"
f
=
"
"2
"
"
h =
"
"
"
"ef and F
ik =
"
"
"
», g h and K¹
m=
"
ik and K'.
"
"
"
K and K are additional forces, originating from the free situation of roller F*.
op resultant of the resulting force I m and of the air entering at K.
gr= resultant of o p and of the injector jets coming from above.
st and u v= final resultants together with the suctions, created by ventilator.
I am aware that moistening of the fibrous material has been effected before it has
been gripped by the feeding apron or feeding rollers. But this does not answer the
purpose inasmuch as the moisture in this case prevents a thorough dissolution or
separation by the action of the main carding cylinder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention and
in what manner it is to be performed, I declare that what I claim in machines for
producing endless fleece or felts is :-
1. Arranging the carding cylinder (A) and the beating or pin rollers (F' to F*) in
such manner, that from the said cylinder a free flying passage for the material is
created, in which passage the material is propelled by the cooperation of air currents
produced by the cylinder and the rollers.
2. In combination with a carding cylinder, perforated pipes or nozzles for the
admission of air or steam in the form of jets, to direct the flight of the material and to
cause its proper division separation and distribution and if necessary to moisten it
substantially as described.
3. In combination with a carding cylinder, and air or steam jet pipes or nozzles,
water jet pipes or nozzles substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
4. The improved machine for manufacturing continuous fleeces or felted goods,
constructed, arranged and operating substantially as described with reference to the
drawings.