IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY ROLLING STOCK
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan-Brown, of the Firm of Brandon
and Morgan-Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, South-
ampton Buildings, London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY ROLLING STOCK." --A com-
munication from abroad by John Robert Johnson and Gustavus
Palmer Harding, Engineers, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris.
"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Morgan-Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 19th June 1875, pursuant to the 9th Section.
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 13, Rue
Gaillon, Paris, send greeting.
WHEREAS Í am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TRAMWAY ROLLING STOCK," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto

page_text: Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 1.-These improvements in the counter
consist in the first place of a new arrangement of the mechanism of
that formerly Patented in 1871, No. 323, for registering passengers
entering and leaving at either extremity or platform of a carriage, by
which the instrument is greatly simplified, and the certainty of its
action enhanced; and in the second place of the combination of such
with an arrangement for registering the different stations along the line
of traffic as before stated. Figure 1 is a plan; Figure 2, a longitudinal
elevation in section through A, A, Figure 1; and Figure 3, a lateral
elevation in section through B, B, Figure 1, of the counter, the principle
of which, with certain arrangement of parts, have already been set forth
in the Patent referred to.
Sheet 1, Figure 1.-1 is the roller containing the continuous paper;
2, the cylinder receiving the impressions; and 3, the cylinder on which
the paper printed is wound; 4, a lever serving to register the passengers
entering; 5, a second lever registering the passengers leaving; 6, the
frame containing the mechanism; and 7, the lugs by which it is fixed
to the framework of the carriage, see Figure 8, Sheet 2; a loose cover 8,
see Figure 5, Sheet 1; and Figure 9, Sheet 2, serves to protect this
mechanism when in place, and to give access to the same either for the pur-
pose of detaching the printed band, renewing the paper, or examining the
parts. The above-mentioned levers 4 and 5 are fitted on the shafts 9 and
10 provided externally below with the double levers 11 and 12, from which
they receive their motion, and which are connected to the turnstiles by
rods or chains, as hereafter explained. When the carriage has but one.
pair of turnstiles their motion is simply transmitted to the counter by
making use of merely one of the arms of the levers 11 and 12, and when the
carriage is provided with two such pairs of turnstiles, one at each of its.
extremities, we connect this additional pair of turnstiles to the other two
arms of these levers. It follows that their motion always takes place in
the one direction for the entering passengers and the other direction for
the passengers leaving the carriage, whether acted on by one or the other
of the two pairs of turnstiles. 13 is the hand lever worked by the eon-

page_text: ductor for registering the stations. It is suspended at one extremity of
a short shaft 14, the other extremity of which is provided with a double
lever 15 similar to those 11 and 12 above described. Onc arm only of
this lever is used when the conductor does not change his place in con-
sequence of the carriage being turned round for each run.
Both arc
used, however, cach alternately when the conductor has not to shift
from one platform to the other. Each of the levers 4, 13, and 5 has a
ductor for registering the stations. It is suspended at one extremity of
a short shaft 14, the other extremity of which is provided with a double
lever 15 similar to those 11 and 12 above described. Onc arm only of
this lever is used when the conductor does not change his place in con-
sequence of the carriage being turned round for each run.
Both arc
used, however, cach alternately when the conductor has not to shift
from one platform to the other. Each of the levers 4, 13, and 5 has a
spring to bring it to its normal position after each impulsion.
SECOND IMPROVEMENT.---Different Arrangements of Mechanism for
Transmitting the Motions of the Turnstile to the Counter.
1
Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10, Sheet 2, and Figures 4, 5, 6, Sheet 1.-The
arrangements for effecting this object consist in the first place in a
special mechanism for the purpose of registering on the counter cach,
quarter turn of the turnstiles; in the second place in the contrivance for
transmitting by one organ the two several motions of a turnstile, that is,
the motion towards the carriage when the passengers enter and that
outwards when they leave the carriage. In Sheet 2, Figure 7, is a trans-
verse clevation in section through C, C; Figures 8 and 9, two plans;
and Figure 10, a longitudinal elevation serving to illustrate these two
former arrangements, in which Figures 16 and 17 are the turnstiles
serving to register passengers entering as well as leaving through the
effect of their combined action as hereafter explained; for on entering the
passenger must necessarily cause the two turnstiles to make a quarter of
a revolution in opposite directions, and the same effect must take place,
but in the opposite direction, on his leaving; the spindle of each turnstile
is provided below with a four-faced cam 18, and a spring 19 common to
both serves to inaintain each turnstile at each quarter turn in the position
indicated at Figure 2 when at rest. Opposite to the cam of the turn-
stile 16 is fitted a small lever 20 turning on a center 21, and on this
same center is fixed a small pulley, to which is attached a chain or strap,
of which the end of one of its bands 22 is connected to the lever 11
registering the ingress, see Figure 2, Sheet 1, and Figure 8, Sheet 2,
whilst the other end of the other band 23 is attached to the lever 12
registering the egress. A passenger on entering causes the turnstiles to
make one quarter revolution in the direction of the arrows a, a, and he
is registered on the continuous paper by means of the arm 22 and of the
said parts. A passenger leaving causes the same turnstiles 16 and 17.

page_text: to make a quarter of a revolution in the contrary direction, as shewn by
the arrows b, b, and he is registered on the same band of paper by means
of the combined action of the crossed strap and the two pullies (see
Figure 8, Sheet 2), and the band 23. It will be thus understood that
the crossed strap and the two pullies merely serve to marry the
turnstile 17 with the parts that actuate the counter, as well as to cause
the two turnstiles to act simultaneously in opposite directions. When
two turnstiles are used on each platform without in any way altering
the above arrangement of parts the two new turnstiles are connected to
the counter by attaching the two ends of their bands 22ª, 23º, to the
other two arms of the double levers. 11 and 12, see Figure 4, Sheet 1.
THIRD IMPROVEMENT.-Draw-step and Moveable Traction Hook.
Figure 5 and 6, Sheet 1.-For the convenience of passengers enter-
ing and leaving the end of the platform it is advisable that such place
be provided with a step, and when the carriage is turned end for end at
each journey such step may be fixed; but when it is adapted to a
carriage whose position, with reference to the line is never changed, it is
necessary that cach platform of such carriage be provided with a step,
in such case the one opposite the horses would be a source of great in-
convenience if it were fixed. To overcome this difficulty we have
invented a system of sliding draw-step; Figure 6 represents one of these
draw-steps 26 adapted to each extremity of a carriage, the one to the
right being drawn out for service, and the one to the left slid in; it is
thus seen that this system consists in fixing under each platform of the
carriage two bars 24, fixed parallelly at an appropriate distance apart in
the uprights 25, and in providing the step 26 with lugs 27 for the
purpose of sliding on these bars; the said uprights serve also for
limiting the position of the step in both directions. What has been
said with reference to the step is equally applicable to the traction hooks
which, to facilitate the draft should rise higher than the platform, and
if such hooks were fixed would hinder the ingress and egress of the
passengers at the rear. To overcome this difficulty there is a hook 55
capable of sliding vertically; when in use as shewn in Figure 5 and 6
its lower extremity enters a step 56 attached to the framework of the
carriage, and is thereto secured by a pin 57; when not in use the pin 57
is withdrawn, the hook raised out of the step 56 by sliding in the
guides 58, 58, attached to the door, which latter can then be swung open

page_text: FOURTH IMPROVEMENT.-Jointed or Folding Staircase.
Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 1.--When a carriage provided with upper
seats has to change its position, with reference to the line, it must of
necessity be provided with-a-staircase on each platform, in which case
the rear one only is of service, the one temporarily in the front being a
source of inconvenience and occupying uselessly valuable space. To
overcome this difficulty there is combined a peculiar construction of
staircase, the steps of which are jointed round a central rod, whilst the
said rod, when all the steps are ranged on a line, can be brought up
against another rod or post, and the whole construction thus ranged out
of the way against the hand rail. In the above-named Figures 28 is
the central rod on which all the steps 29 pivot, and which is held in its
upper and its lower extremities in the arms 30 jointed to the fixed
post 31, which serves as a center for turning back the entire staircase
against the hand rail when ranged out of use, as it is shewn to the left
on the Figures 5 and 6, whilst to the right in these same Figures the
staircaise is unfolded and available for service. Each step is provided
with a vertical lug 32 which serves as a stop to the step placed above
when the staircase is unfolded, and with a vertical picce 33 projecting
from the extremity of the step, and which serves to set all the steps on
a line against the fixed post 31 when the staircase is folded out of the
1
FIFTH IMPROVEMENT.-Novel Arrangement of Carriage with Syme-
trical Ends for Running in both Directions without Changing its
Direction with respect to the line.
with an upper floor
changed end for end.
Figures 4, 5, & 6, Sheet 1.-Figure 5 is a {plan in section through
D, D, Figure 6; and Figure 6, a longitudinal elevation of a carriage
intended to travel over the line without being
This carriage is provided with in the first place a
sliding draw step 26 at cach platform, in the second place a pair of
turnstiles 16 and 17 at the rear of the carriage, which have to be taken
down at each trip and re-erected on the other platform; in the third
place a folding staircase on each platform, of which the
unfolded, as shewn to the right, and the other folded and
one in use is
stowed away

page_text: 1S
against the hand rail, as shewn to the left. In the fourth place two
actuating boxes 34 at each extremity for the purpose of registering on
one single counter 35 passengers entering or leaving at one or the other
of the platforms (as well as at the stations where the business
transacted, by means of straps, cords, or chains 22, 23, 22", and 23", sce
Figure 4, and in the fifth place the adaptation of an additional turnstile
alternately at each end of the upper story with an additional counter for
registering the motion of said turnstile in it two different positions,
which counter is arranged in the same manner as those situated below,
and receives the indications from the turnstiles by means of similar
mechanism. As the passengers above will also be registered on the
lower counter, to obtain the exact account of the passengers below, the
indications of the counter above must be subtracted from those of the

page_text: with four or six wheels), which are jointed together in such a manner
that these sections on the passage of a curve will assume automatically
with respect one to the other an angle such that the carriage can travel
over exceedingly short curves without increasing the friction to a very
marked degree. Where the carriage is composed of two sections 38, 38,
bearing on the wheels 39, 39, 39, 39, such sections where they meet are
provided with metal boxes 40, 40, formed each with an horizontal
flanch 41, see section Figure 10, Sheet 2, one of which projects over the
corresponding framework and the other under; a small space is reserved
vertically between these two boxes, through which are passed two
wrought-iron bands 42, 42, one over the other; one extremity of one of
these bands 42 is fixed at 43 to one angle of one of the sections, whilst
its other extremity is fixed at 44 to the corresponding angle of the other
section; the second band or strap 42 is fixed in an inverse manner, thus
whatever the angle may be which these two sections assume with
respect one to the other they are constantly so firmly connected together
that their security is thoroughly insured. The body of the carriage is
mounted on the pivots 45, 45, of each section, fitted centrally over each
axle, and it bears also by means of plates secured underneath on the
under surfaces 46, 46, 46, 46, arranged in a circle around the pivots
45, 45. It follows from this arrangement that not only the body is not
affected by the play or action of the sections, but that it serves to
consolidate the entire system.
According to the second arrangement for six wheeled carriages the
frame is divided in three sections 47, 47, 47, which are united, as above
described with reference to a carriage, the framework of which is com-
posed of two sections. The body, according to this second arrangement,
is mounted on one of the pivots, whilst it has a certain amount of play
round the second; or else it may be fitted on a pivot arranged centrally
on the middle section, whilst it passes over the other two pivots 48, 48,
with a certain amount of play.
EIGHTH IMPROVEMENT.-Arrangement for Turning the Carriage end
for end at the Stations or at any Part of the Line.
for end at the Stations or at any fart of the Line.
Figure 12, Sheet 2.-For the purpose of turning the carriages end for
end, either turntables are usually made use of, or the carriage runs over 35
an additional extent of road that it may describe a half circle before

page_text: rejoining the main line. Both these systems are objectionable with
respect to tramways, and a new system is substituted which consists in
turning the carriage one-half turn round on itself on whatever part of
the line it may be situated. For this purpose the carriage is raised
sufficiently that the tires of the wheels may clear the level of the rails,
it is then turned one-half turn round and lowered again on the rails;
for this purpose there is arranged centrally under the carriage a plate of
cast iron or other appropriate metal, 49, with a taper hole as shewn, in
which is inserted a lifting instrument such as a system of levers, a screw,
the piston of a small hydraulic pump, etc. Although it may be prefer-
able that these lifting engines be fixed on the line for working the
stations, such is in no ways necessary, for being neither voluminous
nor heavy they are at all times easily manipulated and can therefore bo
applied at any part of the line, either for turning the carriage end for
end as above stated, or for replacing it on the rails in the case of an
accident, or for any other purpose.
NINTI IMPROVEMENT.-Special Apparatus for Raising the Carriages.
Figuro 12, Sheet 2.-Our lifting implement consists simply in three
parts, viz-50, a cast iron stand; 51, an iron, or preferably a steel
screw; and 52, a nut provided with a certain number of arms or levers,
53, say four; the nut serves to raise and lower the screw which cannot
turn on account of the feather key 54, which is fixed in the stand, and
of the key way cut in the screw and in which the key penetrates.
In practice the key is first lowered, the machine is pushed under the
carriage in such a position that the point of its screw coincides with the
tapered hole made in the under face of the bearing 49, and then the
screw is raised by means of the arms until the wheels clear the rails;
after the carriage has been turned, the wheels being directly over the
rails, it is rescated on the rails by simply lowering the screw; when the
point of the latter is brought down clear of the bearing 49 the instru-
ment is withdrawn.
..
'

page_text: Ninthly. The special form of mechanism, with pivot or centre for raising
carriage, as described under the ninth head of these improvements.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan-Brown, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of June in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN. (L.S.)