IMPROVEMENTS IN STENCH TRAPS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME AND OTHER CURVED OR PARTLY CURVED ARTICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STENCH TRAPS, AND
IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME AND OTHER CURVED OR PARTLY CURVED
ARTICLES." -A communication from abroad by Nathan Thompson,
of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 31st December 1872, and dated the 15th November 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 15th November 1872.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Oivil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STENCH TRAPS,
AND IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME AND OTHER CURVED OR PARTLY CURVED
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The first part of the Invention consists in a trap made of lead or other
like pipe in entire or closed sections peripherically with its joints, which

page_text: unite the sections, arranged transversely to the pipe in the bent
portions of the trap, and formed by the sections fitting at their ends, the
one within the other, and afterwards uniting them by soldering. A
trap thus constructed is at once strong, easily put together, presents a
limited joint exposure, and admits of being variously twisted or shaped
when putting the sections together to adapt it to different places or con-
nections.
The second part of the Invention relates to apparatus for making
traps constructed as herein-before described; also for making other
curved or partly curved pipes and articles from various materials or
substances in moulds by means of cores about or around which latter the
substance to be worked is run or placed while in a fluid or plastic state,
and afterwards allowed to solidify in the moulds. This part of the Inven-
tion consists in a novel apparatus or combination of devices for thus
making stench or fluid traps, and other curved or partly curved pipe or
articles, the same comprising mainly a curved core or cores pivoted or
hinged so as to be capable of being swung to or from their places in com-
bination with a mould or moulds of corresponding configuration within
and out of which the cores are adjusted or swung to form the curved or
partly curved pipe or article, and to admit of its removal on opening the
moulds. These cores are pivoted or hinged to the moulds themselves and
the moulds made to open and close with a sliding motion on rods or
guides in directions parallel with the axis of the core's pivots. When
making partly curved pipe, then additional straight cores are introduced
within the moulds to form a junction with the inner ends of the curved
cores so as to make an article or pipe which is straight for a portion of
its length but curved at its end. The moulds and cores may be made of
any suitable material that will allow of the solidifying of the substance
to be made into pipe or other required article within and about them,
and of the removal of the cores and moulds from the article or pipe.
.
By making curved or partly curved articles or pipe in this manner
much labour is saved, and better or more regular work is produced with
fewer joints for a given length of article or pipe made up of a series of
sections, or with the joints better arranged. The Invention will be
found particularly advantageous in plumber's work as in the case of
traps used for sinks, waterclosets, and other purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 15th May 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Ohancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STENCH TRAPS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME
AND OTHER CURVED OR PARTLY CURVED ARTICLES," being a communication to
me from abroad by Nathan Thompson, of Brooklyn, in the State of New
York, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say) :-
One part of this Invention relates to a novel form of and mode of
constructing stench traps made of lead or other soft metal pipe. The

page_text: improved trap constructed on the syphon principle is formed in sections
which can be united by soldering. These improved traps are intended
to be used by plumbers and others for sinks, waterclosets, and other
purposes. Much difficulty has heretofore been experienced in making
stench traps of lead or cast metal, and when made in two parts or
sections forming a seam longitudinally through the centre of the trap
will expose a large joint surface which must be kept tight. Such mode
of construction morcover does not afford facility for varying the con-
figuration of the trap or certain portions of it so as to adapt it to
different chambers or spaces, or to connect it with different courses of
extension pipe. This latter remark applies equally to traps made of a
single piece in the construction of which also there is great difficulty.
The first part of the Invention consists in making lead traps or other
like pipe in entire or closed sections with peripherical joints which
unite the sections in the manner hereafter explained, and which joints
are arranged transversely to the pipe in the bent portions of the trap
and are formed by the sections fitting at their ends, or the one within
the other, and afterwards uniting them by soldering. A trap thus con-
structed is at once strong, easily put together, presents a limited joint
exposure, and admits of being variously twisted or shaped when putting
the sections together so as to adapt it to different places or connections.
The second part of the Invention relates to apparatus for casting traps
constructed as herein-before described, also for casting other curved or
partly curved pipes and articles in moulds by means of cores, about or
around which latter the molten metal is run while in a fluid state, and
is afterwards allowed to solidify in the molds. This part of the Inven-
tion consists in a novel apparatus or combination of devices for thus
making stench or fluid traps and other curved or partly curved pipes
or articles, and comprises mainly a curved core or cores pivotted or
hinged so as to be capable of being swung to or from their places in con-
bination with a mould or moulds or die of corresponding configuration
within which the corcs are adjusted to form the curved or partly curved
pipe or article, and may be so mounted as to be swung or drawn out so
as to admit of its removal previous to opening the moulds. These curved
cores are pivotted or hinged to the moulds themselves, and the moulds are
made to open and close by motion on hinges, or on rods or pins. When
inaking partly curved pipes with straight extensions, additional straight
cores are introduced within the moulds to form a junction with the inner

page_text: ends of the curved cores so as to make an article or pipe which is straight
for a portion of its length, but curved at its end.
By making curved or partly curved articles or pipe in this manner
much labour is saved, and better or more uniform work is produced with
fewer joints for a given length of article or pipe made up of a series of
sections, and with the joints better arranged. The Invention will te
found particularly advantageous for casting lead pipes and bends for
plumbers' work as in the case of traps used for sinks, waterclosets, and
other purposes; which application of its use by way of illustration will
be selected in the subsequent description, having reference to the
Drawing. The pipes or sections of pipe thus made are lead pipes or
sections.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of
a common syphon trap constructed in accordance with the first part of the
Invention, and Fig. 2 is a similar view of another and improved form
of trap or syphon. The form of trap shewn at Fig. 2 possesses some
important advantages, one of which is that the flow of water through the
trap is not so interrupted as in the ordinary form of trap shewn at Fig. 1,
inasmuch as when the water in its descent strikes the curved part of
the pipe it continues in the same curvilinear direction as indicated by
the arrows until it reaches the down pipe, whereas in the pipe shewn at
Fig. 1, the flow of water after it has received momentum in one cur-
vilinear direction is interrupted, and is bent out of its course in the
opposite direction, as indicated by the arrows. Another and important
advantage is that the trap shewn at Fig. 2 will occupy less room than
that shown at Fig. 1.
Figures 3 and 4 represent curved parts of lead pipes which may be
soldered to straight pieces so as to form any shape, band, or curve that
may be required. It will be evident therefore that the sections of
which a pipe is composed may be twisted at their joints so as to throw
such sections out of a straight course with one another as at Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a side view of a complete apparatus fitted with moulds and
cores for making bends, sections, traps, and syphons, according to the
Invention; Fig. 6 is a plan view of the same.
It will be seen in Figures 5 and 6 that four sets of moulds with
their cores and other parts are mounted on a horizontal cross frame
which is capable of being turned round on a central vertical stud or

page_text: support. These four moulds are all constructed in precisely the same
manner, and are merely arranged in this manner for the convenience of
rapid working, so that while one workman is filling the mould No. 1,
Fig. 6, another man may be employed in loosening the parts of the
previously filled mould No. 2; a third workman will at the same time
have opened the mould No. 3, and removed the pipe, trap, or other article
therefrom; while a fourth workman will be engaged in closing No. 4,
ready for it to receive a second charge of metal, for which purpose the
mould will be moved round a quarter of a circle to the position of No. 1.
Figures 7 and 8 are vertical sections taken through the centres of
one of the moulds shewing the cores in position for making the pipe
sections, and as removed for extraction of the pipe sections on opening
the moulds.
Referring in the first instance to Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawing, A,
B, C, and D represent a trap or syphon constructed in accordance with
the Invention. In both these cases the trap is composed of curved or
partly curved pieces or sections of lead pipe of the same form but
differently arranged. Each section is an entire and closed section of
pipe circumferentially, and has its end or ends made bevelling externally
or internally to provide for the fit of the adjacent sections at their ends,
the one within the other, after which they are united by soldering at the
joint a; one half of the pipe section is made of a straight portion A and
a curved portion B; the other half of the pipe section is composed of
an inverted curved portion O and straight portion D, thus the joint a is
arranged transversely of the trap in the bent portion of it. By this
arrangement of the joint and fit of the pipe sections together the parts
of the trap are easily fitted together. The joints are also limited in
extent and easily soldered, and the pipe sections or any of them may be
variously twisted or turned, one within the other, at their ends as at
Fig. 2 before soldering the joints so as to adapt the trap to cramped
places, or so as to connect it with variously disposed inlet or outlet pipes
or orifices. Fig. 1 shews a trap in which the two straight pipe
sections lie in a like vertical plane; and Fig. 2 represents a trap in
which the sections or certain of them are twisted to occupy different
vertical planes; Fig. 3 represents a semicircular bend, and by
soldering two of them together in inverse positions a syphon would be
produced to the ends of which straight pieces may be attached; Fig. 4
represents a quarter circle bend, and by uniting three or more pieces of

page_text: GUIS ALM wyom
twists may be produced.
Referring in the next instance to Figures 7 and 8 of the Drawing, E
represents a longitudinally divided mould suitable for making the pipe
section with curved ends such as those shewn in Figures 1 and 2.
Similarly divided moulds but wholly curved are used (although not
here shewn) for making the pipe sections of the trap shewn at Figures 3
and 4, the operation being the same, only omitting the straight cores
herein-after referred to.
The two parts of the moulds E are so arranged that they are capable
of moving on hinges or pins m, as shown at No. 3, Figures 5 and 6, to
facilitate the opening and closing of the moulds for extraction of the
pipe cast in them, and for the adjustment of the moulds.
At No. 3,
Figures 5 and 6, one section of the moulds is shewn as opened or moved
away from the adjacent section. When the moulds are closed they are
securely held or locked by suitable clamps 1, 1, as shewn at No. 2,
Figures 5 and 6.
·
For making pipes with curved ends (as is here illustrated), straight
cores G, G³, Figures 7 and 8, are used in addition to the curved cores I
and J, the former making a junction with the latter at their inner ends,
and centering themselves therein or thereon. These straight cores G, G³,
may be slid or drawn out in a straight line from their respective moulds
or from out of the pipe sections they serve to make. This is effected by
inserting a pin or lever into a hole g made in the lower part G of the
straight core, and turning the latter round in a horizontal direction; an
inclined notch is made on the lower end of the mould as shewn at
Fig. 5, and when the core G is turned round in the mould it will be
drawn back a little and released from the curved core I and the cast
pipe. To form the curved portions of the pipe sections, or to make
wholly curved sections, the curved cares I and J are hinged or pivotted
at n in line with the centres from which said curved portions of the
moulds are struck. This is done by securing the cores I and J in a
detachable manner to admit of them being replaced by others when
required. The part J is connected to a lid or handle J¹ pivotted as at n
to the moulds, with provision as regards the pivot pins for the one half of
the mould to be moved away on its hinges from the other section when
opening the moulds. The straight core G, Fig. 7, is here represented as

page_text: closing the one outer end of its mould, while the curved core J closes the
other. The curved core is composed of two parts, the part I being con-
nected by a dovetail joint to the other part J, from which it may be
easily detached by a blow or two from a mallet. The fluid lead to make
the pipe is introduced or poured into the mould through a gate or
opening r. In Fig. 7 the straight and curved cores G, I, J, arc
represented as in their places in the closed moulds ready to receive the
metal around them, and in Fig. 8 the straight core G, G¹, has been
drawn down and loosened in the mould, and the curved core I, J, has
also been partially withdrawn ready to be removed on opening the mould,
the curved cores I, J, merely being swung back on their pivot n.
The outer ends of the curved cores or portions of the moulds they fit
may be made bevelling in suitable directions to provide for the fit of the
pipe sections made by them in adjacent sections which are reversely
bevelled at their ends for the purpose, and so that after the several
sections of the trap or pipe are fitted together they may be readily
united by soldering round the joints thus formed. Prior to this the pipe
sections are suitably cut or dressed to remove the surplus metal at the
gates or openings in filling the moulds, and to prepare them for their
after connections with any required extension of the pipe.
The operation of the parts is as follows:-The cores of the four moulds
Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, Figures 5 and 6, having been properly secured in
place and the moulds closed, the workman pours the molten lead into
No. 1, through the gate r. He then moves the mould round to the right
to the position of No. 2, and brings No. 4 into its place ready to be filled.
While he is charging this second mould the workman at No. 2 loosens
the cores G, I, J, by first moving round the core G by means of the
hand pin or lever, Figures 7 and 8, and then knocking the strut o from
under the lid j¹ of the curved core J; he then forces down the lid j' by
means of a small handle or lever ƒ", and brings with it the core J and the
removeable piece I into the position shewn at Figure 8. The mould
with the parts loosened in this manner is then moved round to the
position of No. 3, Figures 5 and 6. This third workman then releases
the latches 1, 1, and opens the mould on its hinges, as shewn at No. 3,
Fig. 6; he then with a mallet knocks away the part J of the curved;
core in a lateral direction, when the other part I of the curved core will
either fall out by its own weight, or it may easily be removed by means
of a pair of tongs or pincers. The cast lead pipe can then be removed

page_text: from the mould which may then be moved round to the position
of No. 4, when the cores can be replaced and the mould closed by a fourth
workman and secured ready for another charge of molten metal. By
this division of labour a large amount of work may be produced in a
short time, and the sections of pipes thus formed may be arranged and
connected in any manner described.
Having now described the Invention that has been communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by
Letters Patent as aforesaid,-
First. Constructing leaden or cast metal stench traps of curved or
partly curved pipe sections with transverse joints made to fit the one
within the other at their ends in any desired form, twisted or otherwise,
and afterwards soldered as herein set forth. I also claim forming stench
traps in the manner shewn at Fig. 2, so that as little interruption as
possible may be made to the flow of water therein.
Second. I claim constructing and arranging the moulds and cores (for
casting the pipe sections) as set forth and described in reference to
Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the Drawings. I claim particularly the hinged
curved core or cores in combination with a mould or moulds of like
internal curvature as and for the purpose herein set forth, and also the
combination of the hinged curved core and straight core with the partly
curved and partly straight mould as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.