matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FATTY MATTERS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES AND NIGHT LIGHTS
Year: 1857

page_text: his invention received Provisional Protection, out notice to proceed wit
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armand Gilbee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th July 1857.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM ARMAND GILBEE, of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FATTY MATTERS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
AND NIGHT LIGHTS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention relates to a mode of treating neutral fats and oily acids by
an excess of alkalies and superheated steam, in order to produce a solidification
of the oily products of the fats, producing thereby a larger percentage of solid
matters available for the manufacture of candles and night lights than is now
obtained, and in the same operation converting the glycerine into available
products. I melt any kind of neutral grease (such as palm oil, lard, and
tallow) or oily acids, and incorporate with it by agitation a concentrated
solution of caustic alkali (potash or soda), or a mixture thereof with lime or of
such a strength as to have an excess of alkali or base after the saponification
has taken place. I continue to agitate the liquid until it gets thick enough
to prevent the separation of the lye from the grease; I let it stand until the
saponification is complete.
The mixture of soap, alkalies, and glycerine (the latter in the case of neutral

page_text: fats) thus produced is submitted on shelves, or otherwise, to the action of super-
heated steam in a closed vessel, until, under the influence of the high tempera-
ture, the elements of the water of the steam and the excess of alkali, the oil
(oleic acid) of the grease is converted partly into a solid material available for
the manufacture of candles and night lights, and partly into acetic acid or
acids similar thereto; at the same time the glycerine is converted into available
products consisting of acetic or other similar acids.
After the superheated steam has completed its action, the mixture, consisting
of fatty acids combined with the alkalics, alkaline acetates, and carbonates, is
boiled with water and a certain quantity of milk of lime, in order to make an
insoluble soap with the fatty acids, and convert the alkaline carbonates into
caustic alkali.
The lime soap is left to solidify, and the liquid separated from it by draining
is evaporated to the proper strength ready for a new operation. The alkaline
acetates which crystallize from it are separated.
The lime soap is decomposed by an acid in the ordinary manner to separato
the fatty acids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING OSCILLATION IN CARRIAGES UPON RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Job Allen and John Young at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th
October 1857.
We, JOB ALLEN, of Commercial Road, in the County of Middlesex,.
Engineer, and JOHN YOUNG, of Shadwell, in the same County, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PREVENTING OSCILLATION IN CARRIAGES UPON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in forming and fitting the face plates of buffers
for railway carriages in such manner that when the plates on the ends of the
buffers of adjacent carriages are brought together, the lateral motion of one
past the other may be prevented, while at the same time no obstruction shall
be offered to the motion of a train, composed of carriages thus fitted, round
curves. Our Invention may be carried into effect in several ways.
First, the plate on one buffer may be formed with a spherical or other
projection, and the plate on the buffer which comes opposite to it with a
spherical or other recess, into which the aforesaid projection will take when
the two buffers are brought together.
Secondly, each of the plates may be formed with a spherical or other
recess, and a sphere, or cylinder, or other body be suspended from or attached.
to the buffer, in, such manner that when the said sphere, cylinder, or other
body is suitably placed, it may, on the buffers coming together, lie partly in.

page_text: the recess of each plate, or any other equivalent arrangement may be adopted.
Any such arrangement will prevent the lateral motion above referred to, and
at the same time will allow the buffer plates to incline themselves to each
other in passing round curves, if the projection, or sphere, or other body be
made of somewhat greater diameter than the recess into which it lies when
in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PULPING COFFEE
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Angustus Frederick Butler, of the Island of Ceylon,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PULPING COFFEE."
Sealed the 23rd September 1857, and dated the 26th March 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augustus Frederick
Butler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th March 1857.
I, AUGUSTUS FREDERICK BUTLER, of the Island of Ceylon, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PULPING
COFFEE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a method of arranging machinery for pulping or
separating the skins from the berries of coffee. The machine consists of two
revolving at a short distance
and just over their line of
rollers or cylinders grooved longitudinally and
from each other. In between the two rollers
centres a series of blocks are placed, and the blocks are so formed as to fill
up the space between the two rollers at those parts where they are placed, and
they are placed at equal distances apart from end to end of the two rollers,
being attached at their upper ends to a bar passing from side to side of the
machine. In between the two rollers and just under the line of centres
another bar passes from side to side of the machine, and this bar fills up the

page_text: space between the two rollers except at certain places where the bar is notched
away, and one of these notches comes under each of the blocks placed as
before mentioned over the line of centres of the rollers. The coffee is fed by
a feeding roller into the space between the two rollers unoccupied by the
blocks, and in passing between the rollers it has a portion of the skin removed,
but the coffee is prevented from at once escaping by the bottom bar, and it
has first to traverse sideways until it arrives at one of the notches in this
bar, and by this time the whole of the skin is removed. The berries are
conducted away by one hopper, and the skins are received by others.
AN APPARATUS FOR GIVING ALARM TO THE INMATES OF DWELLING HOUSES IN CASES OF BURGLARY
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Cameron Galton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
January 1857.
I, ROBERT CAMERON GALTON, of Ham Common, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR
GIVING ALARM TO THE INMATES OF DWELLING HOUSES IN CASES OF BURGLARY," to
be as follows:
This Invention is intended to be affixed to doors, windows, shutters, or in
other positions in a dwelling house where a burglarious entrance might be
attempted, and has for its object to give an immediate alarm to the inmates
thereof of such an attempt being made. It consists of a suitable framework, in
which is supported a balanced lever or levers, or their mechanical equivalent,
on the axis of which is a crank, having attached to it one end of a cord or wire,
on the other end of which is formed or attached a loop or eye. Farther
removed from the crank, and at a convenient distance from the loop end of the
cord or wire, is fixed a vulcanized india-rubber or other spring, to which is
attached a second loop or eye, which, on the spring being extended, will reach
nearly to the loop or eye before-mentioned. The loop attached to the extended
or strained spring, and that fixed upon the end of the cord or wire, are, when
the apparatus is set for action, looped or hooked upon the respective limbs of a

page_text: small fork, which thus connects them together. The crank is then placed in
such a position as to lie on the side of its axis farthest from the attachment of
the two loops, and in the exact direction of the pull of the cord or wire, that
is to say, upon one of its dead points. In this position the parts of the
apparatus will remain stationary, until by some disturbance of the lever or
levers, and a consequent movement of the axis, the crank is moved, however
slightly, to one side or the other of the dead centre, when the reaction of the
spring will immediately cause the crank to revolve, and in so doing to release
the spring from the forked connection between itself and the cord or wire
attached to the crank. The spring or other part of the apparatus thus dis-
charged is connected with and sets at liberty a train of wheelwork actuated by
a spring, weight, or other suitable means, which gives motion to a hammer
striking on a bell, to an arrangement for producing a sound similar to that of
a watchman's rattle; or to other apparatus suitable for producing a loud and
startling noise.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PISTONS FOR STEAM AND OTHER CYLINDERS
Year: 1857

page_text: Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th August 1857.
1, JOHN TICKLE, Engineer, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN METALLIC PISTONS FOR STEAM AND OTHER CYLINDERS," to be as follows, that is
to say:
My improvements in metallic pistons consist in forming the outer surface
of
my piston of any convenient number of rings, each ring being cut or
divided in a oblique direction. I next use a ring or rings, fitting within the
rings before described, divided in a line parallel to its axis, and against this
inner ring I secure two or more bolts in a radial direction adjusted with set
screws, the inner ends of which bolts bear against suitable springs, which
exert their force in a radial or outward direction.
At the outer end of one of those radial bolts a wedge or angle piece is
fixed, which fits into a corresponding angle formed at the division of the inner
ring or rings, so that, by means of a set screw on this bolt, the angle piece
may be forced outward, which will increase the circumference of the ring or
rings in immediate contact with it; and this ring or rings fitting within the
outward rings will of course cause them to expand likewise. This mode of
adjustment will cause a piston, say of about fifteen inches in diameter, to

page_text: expand or contract about three-eighths of an inch, more or less, which is
sufficient to meet the requirements of the first adjustment and subsequent
wear.
The piston rod may be attached to the centre or boss of the piston in the
ordinary way; thus this arrangement of piston may be at all times adjusted 5
to the greatest nicety by the turning of the screw in connection with the bolt
or angle piece, as before described..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLACKING FOR POLISHING, SOFTENING, AND PRESERVING BOOTS AND SHOES, AND OTHER LEATHERN ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hamsher, of No. 16, Elizabeth Street, South
Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex, Blacking Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLACKING FOR
POLISHING, SOFTENING, AND PRESERVING BOOTS AND SHOES, AND OTHER
LEATHERN ARTICLES."
Sealed the 28th April 1857, and dated the 4th February 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hamsher at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on- the
4th February 1857.
I, JAMES HAMSHER, of No. 16, Elizabeth Street, South Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, Blacking Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLACKING
FOR POLISHING, SOFTENING, AND PRESERVING BOOTS AND SHOES, AND OTHER LEATHERN
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The materials used in my manufacture consist of ivory black, treacle, rape-
seed oil, a mixture of gums, oil of vitriol, copperas, and vinegar. Some of
these materials are employed in the composition of the various descriptions
of blacking at present in use, but my Invention consists chiefly in the
manner in which I employ them in the process of manufacture. I take

page_text: suitable proportions of all the other substances before mentioned (excepting
the oil of vitriol and the rapeseed oil) and mix them together in a suitable
vessel, I then add the oil of vitriol, and after allowing it to exercise chemical
action upon them, and thereby expend its caustic properties, I then add the
requisite quantity of rapeseed oil. This composition forms either liquid or
paste blacking according to the proportion of vinegar employed.
I propose also to make the above blacking in the form of a powder for the
convenience of 'exportation, which said powder when mixed and boiled up with
vinegar produces a superior liquid blacking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUB- MERGED PROPELLERS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Gustaf Carleman, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th June 1857.
I, CARL GUSTAF CARLEMAN, of 31, Jewin Crescent, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUB-
MERGED PROPELLERS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in submerged propellers
for propelling vessels. For this purpose the stern post or hinder part of
a ship is made with an opening through it to receive the propeller, and
such opening is larger at the two ends than at the intermediate part, in
order that the arms, which are comparatively narrow, may rotate within the
narrow portion of the opening, and that the blades of the propeller, which
are wider, may rotate through the larger parts of the opening; and the two
outer ends of the opening are still wider than those parts where the blades
pass, in order that blades or portions of cylinders, which are fixed in
angular directions on to the outer ends of the propeller blades, may pass
freely through such opening. The propeller blades, which it is preferred
should each be a part of a screw (but this is not essential), are fixed on to
arms, which are also preferred to be parts of a screw; and at the outer ends
of each of the propeller blades is fixed horizontally, or at right angles to the
blade, another blade which it is preferred should be part of a cylinder.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE MANUFACTURE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gorse and Samuel Pollock
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
10th June 1857.
We, WILLIAM GORSE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and SAMUEL POLLOCK, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE
MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of the machinery herein-after described for the
manufacture of bricks and such other articles of clay as are or may be
manufactured by the use of the said machinery. The said machinery con-
sists of a wheel turning in a vertical plane, and having on its periphery a
series of moulds with moveable bottoms. The clay is delivered from a hopper
into the moulds as they present themselves in succession to the exit pipe of
the hopper. After the mould has been filled, the partially formed brick therein
is subjected to pressure by a piston or plunger affixed to the end of a lever,
which said lever is operated upon directly by a piston acted upon by steam.
The wheel carrying the moulds is moved with an intermitting motion, and
when the compressed brick has arrived at the lowest point in the wheels' cir-
cumference, it is removed by the pressure of the bottom of the mould and
deposited upon an endless web, by which it is removed. The removal of the

page_text: bricks from the moulds is effected by the action of a series of levers, operated
upon by the before-mentioned lever in connection with a steam moved piston.
The machine is altogether self-acting, all the motions being effected by the
steam moved piston. By the application of pressure, as described, the fracture
of the machine is avoided in case any hard substance is accidentally introduced
into the moulds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES SUITABLE FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Burrell, of Thetford, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES SUITABLE FOR AGRICULTURAL
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 3rd July 1857, and dated the 6th April 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Burrell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th April 1857.
I, CHARLES BURRELL, of Thetford, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES SUITABLE FOR
AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in portable steam engines
suitable for agricultural purposes. Of late years portable steam engines,
suitable for agricultural purposes, have come very extensively into use, but
they have required the employment of horses to move them from farm to
farm, or place to place. Now, my improvements have reference to applying
apparatus to such descriptions of steam engines, in order that the power they
are capable of exerting may be used in propelling their carriages from place
to place. And the improvements consist of applying chain wheels to the
shafts driven by such steam engines and also to the running wheels of such

page_text: engines, and by means of endless chains or bands, suitable to work in gear
with chain wheels, to give motion to the running wheels of such carriages.
The chain wheels for this purpose are fixed on the driving shafts, and are of
smaller diameter than those on the running wheels, so that the comparatively
small power of the steam engines, by being reduced in speed in respect to the
running wheels, may be able to drive such wheels. These improvements are
peculiarly applicable when using what is known as a Boydell's patent
apparatus, but they are also applicable when such apparatus is not employed,
and where the running wheels run directly on roads or on the land.
AN IMPROVED SMOKE-CON- DENSING APPARATUS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th September 1857.-A communication.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in
the Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVED SMOKE-CON-
DENSING APPARATUS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in extracting and utilizing the carbonatious par-
ticles contained in smoke from furnaces, by means of a peculiar construction
of apparatus serving to collect and immerse the same in water, by which the
particles become condensed, and being afterwards withdrawn and mixed with
other materials they may again be employed as fuel.
The apparatus is composed of a receiver applied at the back of a steam
engine furnace, and containing water to a fixed level; it is provided with a bell
or dome which descends into it, and is held at a determined point by supports.
A water case or receiver of smaller dimensions than the first is put in com-
munication with one of its sides, and contains a float regulating the level of
the water therein by opening and closing a conical valve. An opening in the
opposite side of the receiver allows any excess of water to run off; an elbowed
pipe communicating with a smoke pipe in the chimney conducts the smoke
therefrom into the water in the receiver through a hole in the upper part of

page_text: the dome. In another opening at the top of the dome an elbow pipe is
applied which branches into another pipe forming part with the ventilator,
the object of which ventilator is to draw in the gaseous products of combustion
and inject them into the chimney by an egress pipe, communicating therewith.
When the furnace is lighted and the steam has acquired sufficient tension for
working the engine I close the register and set the ventilator in motion either
by the action of the engine or by any suitable means. The smoke is drawn
in by the pipe from the chimney, and the carbonatious particles are condensed
in the water, the rest of the gases being expelled into the chimney by the
ventilator.
The above arrangement may be modified without departing from the
principle. By suppressing the ventilator and causing the tube for the discharge
of the gases to pass direct to the chimney at about a foot from the top,
and placing the steam escape tube at about 4 inches below the outlet of the
smoke discharge tube, the escape of steam into the chimney will produce
an aspiration of the smoke and gases sufficient to produce their ingress
and egress after depositing their carbonatious particles in the water.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES TO BE SPUN
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hardacre at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th January
1857.
I, JAMES HARDACRE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES TO BE SPUN," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention relates to improvements in the roving and
slubbling machines, and consists,-
Firstly, in placing the horizontal bobbins, either singly or doubly, transversely
across the machine, instead of longitudinally as now generally adopted, by
which a much greater number of bobbins may be used, they having a to-and-
fro and a concentric motion imparted to them for the purpose of winding on
with uniformity, or giving the cop an improved regular form, a roller being
placed on the bobbins for the purpose of pressing more of the fibrous material
on them.
Secondly, in raising and depressing the creel by racks and pinions, or slides
and balance weights, so that the operative may be able to reach the higher
portions of the creel without difficulty.
Thirdly, in an improved construction of the flyer, which consists of a double

page_text: tube, held together by arms, one of which guides the roving or slubbing from
one tube to the other. The said flyers work vertically, and are furnished with
wharves, pullies, or toothed wheels to put them in motion.
Fourthly, in making the frame either as a single or double one.
THE TUBULAR ELASTIC FASTENER AND STUD FOR GENTLEMEN'S SHIRT COLLARS AND WRISTBANDS, AND OTHER GARMENTS
Year: 1857

page_text: www
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charles Aberdein at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1857.
I, WILLIAM CHARLES ABERDEIN, of No. 16, Shepperton Cottages, New
North Road, Islington, Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "THE TUBULAR ELASTIC FASTENER AND STUD FOR
GENTLEMEN'S SHIRT COLLARS AND WRISTBANDS, AND OTHER GARMENTS," to be as
follows:-
The Invention called the tubular elastic fastener for shirt collars and studs
consists upon the principle of the elastic passing through a tube composed of
gold, silver, or any other metal, including glass, ivory, pearl, bone, or gutta
percha. Likewise the button or stud that receives the elastic will be composed
of gold, silver, or any other metal, including glass, ivory, pearl, bone, or gutta
percha.
I claim for my Invention, called the tubular elastic fastener, from its perfect
adaptability as a fastening for shirt collars to the bands of shirts, &c. to be
offered for sale to the public, as no fastener has been offered for sale that
as its particular property or principle of the elastic passing through a
tube.
My intention is to make the tube horizontal or circular, and to be of a
plain or fancy pattern; likewise the stud or button that receives the elastic

page_text: to be made of a plain or fancy pattern, and will be round, oval, or square in
shape.
Instance. A small piece of round silk elastic is passed through a small
tube; the elastic is held tight; a knot is then tied in the elastic, and the knot
of the elastic is then inserted in a button or stud, and the fastening is
formed.
The accompanying Drawings will further shew the shape of the fastening,
and how it may be applied.
A PORTABLE FOLDING PERAMBULATOR, WHICH IS SO CONSTRUCTED AS TO OCCUPY LESS SPACE THAN ANY THAT HAS HITHERTO BEEN INVENTED
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Biggs at the Offico of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June
1857.
I, JAMES BIGGs, of 472, New Oxford St., London, Papier Maché
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
PORTABLE FOLDING PERAMBULATOR, WHICH IS SO CONSTRUCTED AS TO OCCUPY LESS
SPACE THAN ANY THAT HAS HITHERTO BEEN INVENTED," to be as follows:-
The back falls down upon the seat, the sides fall conjointly with the back,
working on a pivot, thereby economizing space. The handles drop into a
tube and are removeable, being secured by thumbscrews. The two hind
wheels can be taken off without removing the caps or linch pins, and are
fixed to the axle with a cylinder or screw and secured by a thumbscrew.
The front wheel and irons are secured with a spring, having a handle to to
remove it at pleasure. The wheels and front irons pack in the body of the
carriage, the whole forming a packing case of 10 inches high, 15 inches wide,
and 20 inches long.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INCREASING THE DRAUGHT AND PROMOTING THE COMBUSTION OF THE FUEL IN FURNACES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Wye Williams, of Liverpool, in the County
Palatine of Lancaster, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
INCREASING THE DRAUGHT AND PROMOTING THE COMBUSTION OF THE FUEL IN
FURNACES."
Sealed the 14th April 1857, and dated the 13th February 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Wye Williams at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th February 1857.
I, CHARLES WYE WILLIAMS, of Liverpool, in the County Palatine of
Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INCREASING THE DRAUGHT AND PROMOTING THE COMBUSTION OF
FUEL IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in the employment of jets of air forced mecha-
nically through a tube or tubes, provided with a sufficient number of small
orifices, and placed in any convenient part of the furnace chamber, or in the
ash-pit under the fuel and bars; such tube or tubes are then connected with
some suitable air-propelling apparatus. When it is intended that the air so
propelled shall operate on the flame and gases arising from the fuel on the.

page_text: bars the tube or tubes may be placed within the furnace, the door of which
should have the usual number of orifices for the introduction of the air to the
furnace. For the purpose of determining the amount of draught, the supply.
of air through the tubes is regulated-by a, throttle valve or like means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURN- ING RESIN AND OTHER OILS AND FLUIDS; ALSO AN IMPROVEMENT IN ARGAND GAS BURNERS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bough at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1857.
I, WILLIAM BOUGH, of Bunhill Row, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURN-
ING RESIN AND OTHER OILS AND FLUIDS; ALSO AN IMPROVEMENT IN ARGAND GAS
BURNERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lamps for burning resin
and other oils and fluids; also an improvement in argand gas burners. For
these purposes, in constructing a lamp for burning resin or other oils and
fluids, an ordinary burner containing a wick holder and wick is used, and the
resin or other oil or fluid is supplied thereto in the ordinary manner from a
suitable vessel, so that the oil or fluid rises to nearly the top of the metal tubes
forming the burner. On the interior of the burner and concentric with it is a
cylinder, of such diameter as to leave sufficient space between its outside and
inner tube of the burner as will allow a free flow of air to the interior of the
flame. The cylinder descends some distance within the burner and is closed at
bottom. There is a small tube which passes through the bottom of the cylinder
and rises to a somewhat greater height than the cylinder, and the lower end of
this tube descends below the cylinder and is connected with the source of supply
of oil or fluid, so that the fluid may rise into the tube and flow from it by a

page_text: small hole (above the bottom of the cylinder) into the cylinder. In the upper
end of the inner tube is introduced the stem of a button, which may be such
as has heretofore been used in lamps, but I prefer that the button should be
of talc; and I would state that a tale button will be found not only very
useful in the.description of lamp above described, but also in other lamps and
argand gas burners where a button is used on the interior of the flame. The
upper end of the cylinder above mentioned may be open, or it may be closed
and have small perforations for the passage of vapours generated therein, and
such vapours will be burned as they rise out of the cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Elce and Samuel Hartley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 21st February 1857.
We, JonN ELCE, of the City of Manchester, Machinist, and SAMUEL
HARTLEY, of the same Place, Brass Moulder, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING," to be as
follows:-
The object of our Invention is to economise manual labour in preparing
the moulds required for casting iron or other metals. It has hitherto been
customary after the pattern has been laid in the sand to ram the sand around
and upon it by stampers actuated by manual labour.
Now, our Invention consists in the application of steam or other power for
actuating the stampers and the machinery employed in combination therewith.
The improved machinery consists of a frame, to which an up-and-down motion
is given by any suitable means. This frame is furnished with tubes, into
which the handles of [a series of rammers fit, each handle having a spring to
prevent a rigid blow being given by the rammer. The moulding box is
placed on a travelling carriage, to which a to-and-fro and lateral motion is
given, so as to bring every part of the moulding box under the rammers. In
some cases the moulding box may be made to rotate on a centre instead of
having lateral and to-and-fro motion imparted to it, or the rammers may be
made to rotate while the moulding box remains stationary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLINDS, SCREENS, REFLECTORS, & OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR NATURE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescrived
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Châtel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May 1857.
I, CHARLES CHÂTEL, Draughtsman, of Paris (France), and of 45, Essex
Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLINDS, SCREENS, REFLECTORS, & OTHER
ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR NATURE," to be as follows:-
Till now the blinds, screens, reflectors, &c. were generally made from trans-
parent fabrics upon which designs were painted or printed. My improvements
consist in a new mode or system of making those articles, forming a new
application, by which the finest and the happiest results may be obtained.
This system consists in cutting out of the fabric which is to form the ground
of the blinds, screens, &c. forms corresponding to the designs required; then,
in glueing on the said cut-out forms pieces of differently coloured stuff's,
according the effects to be obtained, so as to hide, and at the same time to
ornament, the joints of the different parts, I print on those joints designs with a
mordant, which I sprinkle with velvet powder or shearings, which operation
gives them the complete appearance of velvet.
This new method of manufacturing blinds may be made in part or totality
either by hand or by machinery; for instance, I may employ cutting-out tools,
such as those used by artificial florists, or cut out by hand, or better, by
machinery, so as to join the forms with all the exactitude desirable.

page_text: In the same way I may adjust by hand on the parts cut out other surfaces
of varied colours, but I take care to dispose the designs according certain
regular and periodical forms, which allow me to join mechanically those new
parts. To obtain that end, I have disposed a table, the top of which or lid
contains several cases in which are placed the different pieces to be glued, and
I place on the table the stuff already cut out and covered with a glue, composed
of several substances, and principally of caoutchouc or other concrete juice, and
even any other matter capable of adhesion. If I should see the necessity of
it, the adhesion of the different parts might be obtained by sewing, mado
mechanically or otherwise.
It will be conceived that those regular divisions for the cuts and the appli-
cation of the pieces in varied colours gives me the possibility of printing on
the joints designs of the most varied forms, and, as I have previously said, on
sprinkling those designs with wool or any other matter reduced to a powder,
the mordant fixes that matter on the joints, covers and conceals them entirely
from the view, and contributes in the same time to its entire ornamentation
and even to its solidity..
IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL, AND THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE, APPLICABLE TO BOILER FURNACES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Muckart at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th August 1857.
1, JOHN MUCKART, of Montrose, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
Starch Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL, AND THE CONSUMPTION
OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE, APPLICABLE TO BOILER FURNACES," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of boilers with
duplex furnaces, each furnace being supplied with fuel and worked in such a
way that its unconsumed gaseous products shall be operated upon and turned
to practical account by the heat of the incandescent fuel of the other furnace.
The Invention may be carried out in practice under various modifications. In
one of these as arranged for a cylindrical boiler, with one central continuous
flue, the boiler or furnace flues are fitted at their front up-take end with
proper dampers or closing valves, which are alternately opened and closed to
vary the course of the gaseous currents; thus whenever fresh or green fuel
is supplied to one furnace, the flue door on that side is closed, the one on the
other side being simultaneously opened. The result of this arrangement is,
that the gaseous matters from the newly supplied furnace pass all round the
boiler through the proper flues, until they enter the other furnace and are

page_text: consumed by the incandescent fuel therein, the current finally passing off by
the open door in the up-take of that furnace. When the second furnace is
charged, the positions of the two flue doors are changed, and the gaseous
matters from this furnace are consumed by the incandescent fuel in the
furnace, and so on.
In another arrangement the dampers or doors for alternating the flue
currents, are disposed at the furnace bridges, still carrying out the principle of
causing one clear furnace to consume the gaseous matter from the other.
In a third plan the gaseous matter from the newly fed furnace is carried all
round the boiler, bringing it out by a port in the dumb plate of the other
furnace, and thence over the incandescent fuel in that furnace, the dampers or
flue doors being in this case in the dumb plates.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OMNIBUSES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anguish IIonour Augustus Durant
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st March 1857.
I, ANGUISH HONOUR AUGUSTUS DURANT, of the Conservative Club, Saint
James's in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OMNIBUSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists,-
Firstly, in an improved mode of applying a drag to an omnibus.
purpose.
Secondly, in affording more space between the scats in omnibuses than
heretofore, without increasing the width of the omnibus for that
Thirdly, in an improved method of establishing a communication between
the conductor and the passengers that are inside the omnibus.
Fourthly, in the use and adaptation to omnibuses of three wheels in com-
bination with double doors and a drag operating upon the hindermost of the
aforesaid three wheels, or upon any one or more of four wheels in any
convenient and suitable manner.
Fifthly, in the application of gutta percha or elastic material to various
parts of omnibuses to prevent noise at such parts.
As regards the first part of this Invention, the improvement is proposed to

page_text: be effected by causing the pole of an omnibus to operate upon the drag in con-
junction with certain mechanism which the coachman operates upon so as
either to lock the pole and prevent it from acting upon the drag or to release
it for acting thereon.
As regards the second part of this Invention, the improvement is proposed
to be effected by lowering the back edge of each seat and raising the front
thereof, so as to incline it at an angle to the horizon of about 20 degrees,
more or less, thus rendering the seats of omnibuses more comfortable to
the passengers than the seats as heretofore constructed, at the same time
affording more space up the centre of the omnibus and from the seat to the
top of the omnibus for the heads of passengers.
As regards the third part of this Invention, the improvement is proposed to
be effected by means of a hammer in connection with a main wire extending
from the inside to the outside of the omnibus, instead of by means of a bell
as heretofore practised.
As regards the fourth and fifth parts of this Invention, the improve-
ments are proposed to be effected as before stated under these heads. The
above improvements when applied to omnibuses I propose to call the
iberator."
IMPROVEMENTS IN FACILITATING THE PASSAGE OF CARRIAGES ON INCLINES OF RAIL- WAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: vy the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Grahame at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June.
1857.
I, THOMAS GRAHAME, of Upper Seymour Street, Portman Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FACILITATING THE PASSAGE OF CARRIAGES ON INCLINES OF RAIL-
WAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in facilitating the passage
of carriages on inclines of railways. For this purpose, on the upper level of
each incline of a railway, and not far from the top of the incline, is arranged
apparatus for fixing a locomotive engine to the line of way, together with a
suitable barrell or windlass for winding on and off a wire rope.
The engines
of the locomotives which run on such lines of railway are also arranged to be-
put into gear with such barrell or windlass in order to give motion thereto,
and to wind the wire rope on or off the barrell or windlass as required..
according as a train is about to be raised up or run down an incline. By this
arrangement the fixed engines heretofore used on railways to give motion to
suitable barrels or windlasses near inclines will be dispensed with, and at the-
same time the locomotive engines employed on lines of railway having very
steep inclines will not require to be so powerful, as would be the case if they.
whilst running up inclines had also to drag up like weights of trains. It may

page_text: be remarked that a windlass or barrel may be carried by each locomotive
engine, in place of having one fixed at the upper level of each incline, but it
is preferred to employ the arrangement above described.
In working inclines on railways according to this Invention, a locomotive
on arriving at the bottom of an incline will be detached from the train, and
will be caused to run up the incline alone till it arrives at the place where the
fixing apparatus is situated; the locomotive will then be fixed, and the ends of
the wire rope will be fixed respectively to the first carriage of the train and
to the barrel or windlass; the engines of the locomotive will also be caused to.
put the windlass or barrel into motion, by which the train will be wound up to.
the locomotive, and be again attached thereto, and on the locomotive being
detached from its fixed position will be again in a condition to proceed. "And
where the inclines are such as to require it, the locomotives on coming near
the ends of the higher levels of the incline will be similarly fixed in order to
unwind the wire rope, and so lower the trains down inclines. In some cases
the arrangement may be such as to fix the locomotive engine at the bottom
of an incline, and run the train up the incline by means of a suitable wire
rope passed over a pulley at the top of the incline.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PREPARING PAINTS AND VARNISHES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander la Paraz and Josephine
Mazel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 23rd April 1857.-A communication from Messrs. Carpentras and
Mazel, of Paris.
We, ALEXANDER LA PARAZ, of 10, Gloucester Place, Portman Square, and
JOSEPHINE MAZEL, of 16, King Street, Portman Square, both in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREPARING PAINTS AND VARNISHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in substituting for the turpentine used in painting
the following composition, viz* :-
1st, boiled oil.
2nd, gum copal.
3rd, brown sugar.
4th, purified white resin.
5th, gum arabic.
6th, carbonate of soda.
7th, nitre.
8th, bitartrate of potash.
9th, bleaching liquid, or eau de javel.

page_text: In place of the oil usually employed in painting, the following composition
is employed, viz' :—
1st, gluo.
2nd, resin (colophony).
3rd, brown sugar.
4th, linseed oil.
5th, essence of turpentine.
6th, litharge.
7th, bleaching liquid, or cau de javel.
8th, salt of tartar.
And for a varnish, the following, viz':→
1st, gum copal.
2nd, white resin.
3rd, Venice turpentine.
4th, oil (prepared with oxide of manganese).
5th, an aromatic essence.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING AND PRE- VENTING INUNDATIONS IN COAL MINES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Laurent Piaud at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th February
1857.
I, LAURENT PIAUD, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, and of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare
the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING AND PRE-
VENTING INUNDATIONS IN COAL MINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
These improvements consist, first, in placing in the shafts of coal mines a
main feed pipe, furnished with a piston, which is worked by the steam engine
employed in the mine, or by other means. This piston or pump is used to
supply the mine with pure air in the following manner:-At the lower part of
the feed pipe is a branch pipe or channel, which enters a chamber containing
a fan or ventilator, which revolves in the direction given to it by the air from
the pump, and thus forces the air into another chamber by means of a con-
necting pipe. The latter chamber is also supplied with a revolving fan or
ventilator, which compels the air to enter through an opening into a circular
or other shaped gallery extending round the mine. This gallery communicates
with several other intersecting galleries, provided with doors, if necessary.
The deleterious gases, after passing through chambers containing fans or
ventilators of the same construction as those already described, but moving

page_text: in an opposito direction, enters an-exhaust pipó placed in tho shaft by the side
of the feed pipe. The exhaust pipe may be: furnished with a valve, through
which passes the inflammable gas,, whichi. may be preserved for lighting*
purposes.
Secondly, in preventing inundations in mines by the aforesail circular
gallery, which acts as a recipient for the water from the intersecting galleries.
The water thus collected may be discharged by the usual means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DETECTION OF FLAWS OR ESCAPES IN GAS PIPES, JOINTS, AND TAPS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kite at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June
1857.
I, JAMES KITE, Engineer, of New Bridge Street, Vauxhall, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR DETECTION OF FLAWS OR ESCAPES IN GAS PIPES, JOINTS, AND TAPS," to be as
follows:-
It is an apparatus consisting of a curved tube or pipe containing water or
other suitable fluid, one or both ends of the tube being fitted with a tap or
not, to be opened or closed at pleasure.
The tube is attached to the pipes supplied with gas by the main, and the
pipes to be tested being charged from the main, the pressure of the gas will
indicate by the position of the fluid in the tube whether there be an escape
of gas.