matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARVESTING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Pidgeon and William Manwaring, both
of the Britannia Works, Banbury, in the County of Oxon,
Engineers, for the Invention of ** IMPROVEMENTS IN HARVESTING
MACHINES."
Sealed the 7th October 1873, and dated the 10th July 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Pidgeon and
William Manwaring at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 10th July 1873.
We, DANIEL PIDGEON and WILLIAM MANWARING, both of the
3 Britannia Works, Banbury, in the County of Oxon, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HARVESTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of harvesters in which a
supplementary cam is used for lifting the rake arms (when required)

page_text: clear of the cut crop on the platform, in order that it may accumulate
thereon instead of being swept off by every passing rake.
According to this Invention the rotating socket plate to which the
rake arms are pivotted is cast with sockets, which widen outwards
sufficiently to allow the rake arms to vibrate laterally therein and
thereby automatically lock themselves to and unlock themselves from
their respective sockets, the pivot joint being so arranged as to allow of
this motion.
The locking of the rake arm in its socket may be effected in various
ways. One mode is to slot the socket transversely near its end, and to
pass through it a hook-ended bolt which is made fast to the rake arm.
As the rake arm descends in its rotation towards the crop, its own
weight will cause it to shift forward in the socket as far as the taper
mouth permits. When the rake arm is in this position the hook-ended
bolt will be disengaged from the socket, and the supplementary cam,
if presented for action, will lift the rake which will then be carried
on clear of the crop. If however the cam is not brought into action the
rake will come in contact with the cut crop on the platform, and being
momentarily checked in its forward motion the hook bolt will be caused
to engage with the socket, and thereby lock the rake arm thereto. The
rake being thus held down will come into action and sweep the crop off
the platform.
Instead of the hook bolt passing through a slot in the socket the rake
arm may be locked by an overlapping projection on the side of the
socket and near the expanded mouth thereof, the vis inertia of the cut
crop serving to hold back the rake arm until it is locked "by the over-
lapping piece of the socket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS FOR SHIPS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Punshon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1873.
I, ROBERT PUNSHON, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
FOR SHIPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the prevention of the breaking of
ships' cables by their liability to sudden jerks, and consists in adapting
and applying to the anchor strong springs to which the cable is to be
fastened, so that the pull or strain of the cable may be sustained by the
said springs, and thereby relieve the cable and anchor from the effects
of sudden jerks. For this purpose the stock instead of being formed in
a solid piece, as usual, is formed by two curved plate springs united
together at their ends, one spring having a stop on the end of the shank
of the anchor and the other spring being free thereon so as to admit of
its being drawn towards the first named spring, and thereby causing both
springs to be compresed by the pull of the cable.

page_text: If preferred a spiral spring round the shank may be substituted for
the elliptical spring formed by the two springs above referred to.
By the means above stated there is secured an elastic connection
between the cable and the anchor, instead of the ordinary rigid con-
nection.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FIRE-PLACES OF COOKING RANGES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael McSherry and Alexander
Nisbet at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th December 1873.
We, MICHAEL MCSHERRY, of the City and County of Limerick,
Ireland, and ALEXANDER NISBET, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FIRE-PLACES OF COOKING RANGES," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to effect economy in the fuel burnt
in cooking ranges.
The Invention consists of a moveable bottom grating attached by
pivots or hinges to the side or back framing of the fire-place, and which
is capable of being raised or lowered by hand, and fixed at any required
height by a pall attached to a piece projecting from the moveable
bottom through the front bars of the range. The pall enters a rack, and
so sustains the moveable bottom.

page_text: In place, however, of using a pall and toothed rack for sustaining the
bottom, this object may be also effected by making the front bars of the
fire-place moveable horizontally, so. that any one of them may be slid
out to support the bottom at the position required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MELODIONS OR AMERICAN ORGANS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augusto Théophile Rousseau
and Charles Honoré Stevenot at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th September 1873.
WO, AUGUSTE THÉOPHILE ROUSSEAU and CHARLES HONORÉ STEVENOT,
both of 38, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lanc, London, American
Organ Builders, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MELODIONS OR AMERICAN ORGANS," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in applying to the vibrating tongue of
the American organ a system of percussion by the ordinary or slightly
varied system of keys and hammers now used in pianofortes.
In the melodion or American organ the sound is caused by the air
being drawn into the chest. In the harmonium the sound is caused
by the air being blown outwards, and we are aware that the system of
percussion on the tongues has been applied in harmoniums. Our
improvements do not relate to the system of percussion applied to
harmoniums but simply to its application to the melodion or American
organs, which we put in practice as follows:-
In addition to the mechanism for lifting up the valve in the wind
chest of the American organ when the keys are played upon we attach

page_text: by means of similar mechanism to the pianoforte a hammer, acting in
connection with each key (or with such keys that we wish this appli-
cation to be made to), by which a blow is struck upon the the vibrator
or tongue of that note, an instantaneous blow is given almost simul-
taneously with the action of the valvo; the hammer is so adjusted that
after cach blow. it shall fall clear of the tongue or vibrater, even though
the keys of the instrument should be continued to be held down by
he finger.
The effect of these improvements upon the instrument is to enable it
to be used upon some music at present only applicable to the pianoforte,
which is not at present applicable to the American organ.
AN IMPROVED CEMENT FOR JOINING LEATHER, WOOD, CHINA, GLASS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Harrison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
July 1873.
I, FRANCIS HARRISON, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CEMENT
FOR JOINING LEATHER, WOOD, CHINA, GLASS, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is designed principally for piecing or joining leather
straps used in driving machinery, and for cementing toe caps, elastic
side springs, and other parts of boots and shoes; but it is also equally
applicable for joining wood, china, glass, and other articles.
I first take one pound of acetic acid and dissolve therein in a jar or
other vessel half a pound of gelatine, half a pound of fish glue, and one
ounce of isinglass. The acid will dissolve the other ingredients cold, but
the application of heat hastens the process. This I call solution No. 1.
I then take half an ounce of resin and place it in a corked bottle with
two ounces of spirits of turpentine till dissolved; or I take the same
quantity of gum mastic and dissolve it in spirits of wine, but this is
more expensive, so I prefer the former, which I call solution No. 2.

page_text: When thoroughly dissolved I take these two solutions and mix and
stir them well together; the cement is then ready for use. It is to be
applied hot with a brush, and when used for piecing straps the joint is
to be roughened with a wire card, or in any other suitable manner.
For shoemaking purposes I sometimes employ a third solution (No. 3),
composed as follows:-Half a pound of gutta percha dissolved in half a
pound of sulphate of carbon. This is to be put in a bottle tightly
corked, and when it is dissolved add to it two ounces of the cement
above named, composed of solutions No. 1 and No. 2 mixed together.
In using this cement I warm the mixture and spread it whilst warm on
to the articles to be pieced, and hold them before a fire or heat them in
any other convenient manner, and then press them together and the
cement will set instantly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING WORTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Neubecker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st July 1873.
I, ADAM NEUBECKER, of Offenbach on the Maine, in the Grand Duchy
of Hesse, Germany, Brewers' Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS
FOR COOLING WORTS," to be as follows, that is to say:
-
This Invention consists in improvements in that class of refrigerators
for cooling worts in which the wort is caused to pass through a series
of groups of tubes connected together and enclosed in outer tubes,
through which passes the cooling water in an opposite direction to that of
the current of wort. And my improvements are as follows:-I enclose
the vertically arranged series of tubes in a frame passing round the
middle of the tubes, and suspended at its ends on bearings so as to allow
of the whole apparatus being turned over for the purpose of emptying it
of the wort which remains after the cooling operation.

page_text: I also place valves in the interior of short tubes connecting the curved
pipes (which conduct the wort from one group of tubes to another) with
the conducting pipes placed above and below the apparatus. These
valves are weighted so as to act downwards.
The water tubes are furnished with junction pipes, and have also 5
alternately with the same tube connecting pieces, in which are placed
moveable balls, which in their motion either cover an opening or passage
from the front to the back tubes, or open a larger opening or passage
from the back to the front tubes.
I prefer to arrange the tubes in two or more series, and communicating 1
with one another, by which space is economized, and the inlet and outlet
openings may be placed on one and the same side.
I sometimes employ only one row of tubes, in which case the inlet
openings are on one side and the outlet openings on the other.
I make the small tubes through which the wort passes of a flattened 1
or oval shape, and so place them together that they form groups in the
form of stars in cross section, by which a larger cooling surface is
obtained in the same space than by the employment of round tubes, and
without any diminution in the interior capacity of the tubes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER BLIND MOVEMENTS OR FURNITURE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lea at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th February
1873.
I, WILLIAM LEA, junior, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
3 Stafford, Brassfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER BLIND MOVEMENTS OR FURNITURE,” to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to supply means for regulating the
ascent and descent of roller blinds which shall be casily manufactured,
as readily fitted as ordinary roller blind fittings, and in which liability to
derangement is minimised.
This object I effect by applying to the bracket at the "double end"
of the roller, first, a small pulley over which the blind cord passes, and
beneath this a spring screw arrangement of the following character,
namely, a screw pin secured to the bracket carrying a plain brass washer
an india-rubber washer against it, then another india-rubber washer and
another brass washer, followed by a spiral spring and an ornamental nut

page_text: regulating the tension on the side or roller cord. An orifice is made
through the screw pin for the side cord to pass through, so that the cord
passes between the washers and will be acted upon by them by turning
the screw nut.
•
When a roller blind, with my Invention applied thereto, is fitted up i
in its place with blind attached, the roller or side cord must be passed
from the double end over the small pulley attached to the bracket, thence
between the washers through the hole in the screw pin, then the nut
must be tightened according to the weight of the blind used, when upon
pulling the side cord the blind can be raised or lowered wholly or 1
partially, as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING THREAD
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
April 1873.
I, WILLIAM WOOD, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING THREAD," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists principally in the addition to the ordinary
machine used for polishing thread (by means of a revolving brush) of an
arrangement of apparatus for softening the thread so that the two
operations of polishing and softening can be effected by one and the
same machine.
I employ a revolving brush and a pair of rollers over which the hanks
are stretched whilst being brushed and polished in the ordinary manner,
the upper roller being driven slowly by worm gearing from the shaft of
the revolving brush. This upper roller is so mounted that it can be
moved away from the brush, the worm and wheel being thereby thrown
out of gear, and a spur pinion on the axle of the upper roller comes into
gear with a spur wheel which drives it at a rapid speed. In this

page_text: position the upper roller comes beneath a calendering roller which is
pressed down thereon by screws, and the effect of this pressure on the
yarn (which is now kept in rapid motion) is to remove the harshness
caused by the polishing process and by a calendering operation to impart
a soft finish to the thread. It will thus be seen that by means of this
machine the polishing and softening of the thread can both be effected
by the same machine without removing the hank by merely shifting the
upper roller from the brush to the calendering or softening roller which
at the same time gives the requisite change of speed from a slow to a
rapid movement.
When the machine is required for polishing all that is requisite is to
move the roller back again into contact with the brush which at the
same time throws the quick motion out of gear and puts into gear the
slow or worm movement requisite for polishing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES FOR CONVEYING WATER, Gas, AIR, SEWAGE, AND DRAINAGE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1873.
I, WILLIAM RICHARDS, Engineer, of Burton Road, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES FOR CONVEYING WATER,
Gas, AIR, SEWAGE, AND DRAINAGE," to be as follows:
1
:
This Invention has for its object the construction of pipes of
equally durable and more economical character than those hitherto made,
and by the method to be described of increasing the durability of pipes
or tubes as at present manufactured.
The Invention consists in making the body of the pipe of sheet
metal, either black iron, zinc, or iron coated with lead, tin, or zinc,
according to the purpose for which it may be required.
In making pipes from ordinary black sheet iron the sheet is cut to
the size necessary, and the rivet holes on cach side are pierced simul-
taneously by machinery. It is then rolled into the form of a tube and
፡
Year: 1873

page_text: become in this new kind of work, by reason of its universal feed motion,
which permits the braiding cord to follow all the contours described by
the thread, without any turning of the fabric operated upon. All the
difficulty of this work lies in the necessity of presenting the braid to the
presser foot in the direction of its feed motion. As this feed motion:
varies its direction at each instant, the braiding guide must necessarily
follow the same variations.
The accompanying Drawing gives as example an arrangement which
might be used for the means suitable to the production of this com-
bination are susceptible of alterations.
Figure 1 is a front view of the machine, provided with the braiding
apparatus, and Figure 2 is a plan view of detached parts.
19
The communication of the braiding apparatus with the machine is
taken from the shaft A, which in the Bounaz embroidering machine
serves to govern the feed motion; a pinion a keyed on this shaft moves li
another pinion b, which actuates the shaft c and the toothed wheel C.
This wheel C gears with a toothed ring or crown D, upheld by a solid
piece within it forming shoulder, and kept in this position by the
plate e. This solid part and the plate, thus form a jointing or seating
fixed to the frame of the machine, and permitting the rotation of the 2
ring or crown D.
An opening f made in the thickness of the seating permits the presser
foot to make its movements.
The rotation of the crown D carries with it the braid guide F and the
bobbin holder G which are fixed to it.
The braid passes, as may be seen on the Drawing, from the bobbin or
reel into a small hole h, and thence directly under the presser foot H,
guided by the hook i, where it is drawn along at the same time and in
the same direction as the fabric to be braided and embroidered.
It will be evident that a perfect relation exists between the more
ments of the feed motion and those of the braiding guide, and the result
is that the braid is always suitably presented by following the variations
which they undergo.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF RAILWAY TRAINS, AND APPLICABLE ALSO AS A GENERAL ALARUM
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wyatt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
February 1873.
I, JOHN WYATT, of Slapton, in the County of Devon,. do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
SIGNALLING BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF RAILWAY TRAINS, AND APPLICABLE
ALSO AS A GENERAL ALARUM," to be as follows:-
—
My Invention relates to improved apparatus for enabling a passenger
in a railway train to communicate a signal or alarm to the guard.or
driver, and also applicable as an alarm generally.
The apparatus consists of a rod or shaft fitted in brackets along the
roof of the railway carriage to which rod a number of pendent arms or
handles are fixed (one in each compartment), and on the roof of the
carriage a pair of bellows are mounted enclosed in a suitable casing.
One or more whistles are fixed in connection with these bellows which
are worked by a crank arm on the rod above mentioned on the same
being caused to rock by moving any one of the handles to and fro. I also
place a bell on the carriage sounded by a pair of spring clappers which

page_text: are caused to strike. the bell by a small lever arm on the rock shaft
before mentioned acting on jointed connections on the clappers.
Another arm on the rock shaft is caused to project a disc as a day
and a lamp as a night signal from one or both sides of the train by
acting on sliding rods, to which said signals are attached, and fitted to
slide in a recess in the framework of the carriage.
Thus two audible signals and a visible signal for day or night may
be given together to attract the attention of the guard or driver. The
bell and whistles may also be used separately if desired. The handle
shows the compartment whence the signal proceeded.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INSTRUMENT USED IN THE PRESERVATION OR RESTORATION OF BROKEN OR DECAYED TEETH
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Coxeter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
November 1873.-A. communication from abroad by George Hubert
Chance, of Salem, Oregon, United States of America.
I, JAMES COXETER, of 23 and 24, Grafton Street East, Tottenham
Court Road, in the County of Middlesex, Surgical Instrument Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE INSTRUMENT USED IN THE PRESERVATION OR RESTORATION OF BROKEN OR
DECAYED TEETH," communicated to me from abroad by George Hubert
Chance, of Salem, Oregon, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the instrument used
in the preservation or restoration or improvement of broken or decayed
teeth with gold, which improvements comprise the construction of such
instrument in manner hereafter described, that is to say, the instru-
ment is made with a steel shaft covered at one end with ivory, ebony, or
other material which forms the handle, and at the other (or "distal")
end is threaded so that a point of superior metal, gold or silver, with a

page_text: correspondingly threaded socket may be screwed or secured thereto, thus
producing an instrument for the above purpose principally of the inferior
metal, but having a "distal" end of the superior metal.
If desired instead of the point being screwed on, it may be fitted or
secured firmly to the other part of the instrument, but the point should 5
in any case extend to the first half inch of the distal end. Such an
instrument will be found very superior to those hitherto used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS LAMPS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Winn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
September 1873.
I, CHARLES WINN, of the Firm of Charles Winn and Company, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS LAMPS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
such gas lamps as are suspended from the ceiling, such for example as
hall and vestibule lamps and other gas lamps similarly suspended, and
said Invention has for its object to facilitate the removal of the globe
or shade from lamps of this kind.
my
The burner and globe or shade of the said lamps are ordinarily situated
in the axis of an ornamental frame consisting of three tubes through one
of which the gas passes.
In order to facilitate the removal of the globe or shade I make the
frame of tubes of sufficient diameter at or about its middle to permit of

page_text: the globe or shade passing into or out of the frame at that part by a
lateral motion, and in the lower part of the said frame of tubes I form
on each tube a seat or seats, the said seats being so situated in the said
frame that when the said globe or shade is in its place it is supported by
the said seats in addition to the ordinary gallery.
In putting the globe or shade in the frame of the lamp it is introduced
into the interior of the said frame at or about the middle part thereof.
It is then carried down vertically until it rests upon the seats described
and the gallery, when its position is very firm and it is not liable to
accidental displacement.
In order to remove the shade or globe it is only necessary to lift it
vertically until it has reached the middle or widest part of the frame,
when it can be removed by a lateral motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLING FRAMES, AND FOR PREVENTING ROLLER LAPS AND SINGLE YARN IN THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Welch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th October
1873.
I, JAMES WELCH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN
DOUBLING FRAMES, AND FOR PREVENTING ROLLER LAPS AND SINGLE YARN IN THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a machine known in the cotton trade as a
doubling frame. The back part where the cops or bobbins are placed
for winding or drawing from remains the same as at present used, the
several ends to be doubled are carried through the water trough in the
same way, but in place of the glass drag or tension pillar I fix at the
back of my bracket stand a thread guide through which I pass as many
threads as I require to double. On the before mentioned bracket I fix a
spindle, on which spindle I place a V or U grooved pulley, which groove
I case with a flexible or india-rubber casing or washer; on the side of
this pulley and connected thereto is a flange pulley, on the periphery of
which longitudinally I fix a number of rods, each end going through the
flanges, or instead I can use an ordinary tooth wheel; in front of these I

page_text: place longitudinaly with the same a fulcrum bar on which I hang or
work freely any number of levers the lower or inner ends of which are
hooked and made such a length as to come under the centre of the
before-mentioned rod pulley or tooth wheel; the other end of such levers
are made with eyelet curl and of such weight and length to overbalance
the other end when not held up or suspended by the thread being
doubled.
The number of threads required doubling are passed once round the
grooved pulley, then each thread through the eyelet curl ends of the
before-mentioned levers holding up the ends and pass thence to the
rollers and bobbins; it will be thus seen that in winding or doubling as
long as the threads are whole and unbroken the eyelet levers are
kept both ends suspended, but immediately one single end breaks, the
eyelet end of that lever falls, thereby bringing the other or hook end.
in contact with the rod pulley or wheel which has the effect to instantly
stop the apparatus and to break all the other threads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TURKISH TOWELS AND IN THE MANNER OF WEAVING THE SAME, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE PRODUCTION OF COUNTERPANES OR QUILTS, AND SOME OTHER WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kippax at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
May 1873.
I, JOHN KIPPAX, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TURKISH TOWELS AND IN THE MANNER OF WEAVING THE
SAME, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE PRODUCTION OF COUNTERPANES OR QUILTS, AND SOME
OTHER WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates primarily to the fabric now well known as
"Turkish towelling," which is woven with a "terry pile” on one or on
both sides. Previously to my said Invention the two surfaces of such
towelling have been uniform in appearance, being either entirely plain
or entirely covered with a terry pile, as the case might be.
The object of my said Invention is to produce a pattern upon the said
towelling, and this I effect by throwing the pile to the top in some
places and to the bottom in other places, or by throwing the pile entirely
to one side in some places so as to produce patterns, devices, or symbols
in plain ground amidst the raised pile or in a raised pile on a plain

page_text: It is
ground, or to obtain both appearances on the same fabric.
necessary to employ a jacquard apparatus or an equivalent apparatus in
place of the ordinary healds excepting in cases wherein the pattern is
sufficiently simple to be produced by the ordinary healds.
By employing a coloured pile warp or a warp partly coloured and
partly white or grey, the effect of the patterns or devices may be
increased.
My said Invention may also be applicable in the production of
counterpanes or quilts, and shawls, and of fabrics adapted to be
employed for various purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FELTING HAT BODIES OR OTHER FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Minshall and Benjamin
Dunkerley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th February 1873.
We, WILLIAM MINSHALL, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, and
BENJAMIN DUNKERLEY, of the same Place, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FELTING HAT
BODIES OR OTHER FELTED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to portable and stationary milling stocks or
bumpers in which hammers or felting blocks move to and fro in a radial
direction in a trough or chest, the hammers being raised by tappets and
afterwards falling by gravity against the fabric to be felted, or the
hammers are worked by cranks.
At present in this description of machine not more than two hammers
are used, and for an increased product the trough is enlarged in its depth
and length but not transversely, but the trough so enlarged has a pre-
judicial effect on the shape of the felted fabric.

page_text: Instead of using only two hammers and enlarging the trough in depth
and length we use three, four, or more hammers, and widen or enlarge
the trough transversely so that by using any desired number of hammers,
and keeping the trough at its best form in depth and length we can not
only keep the felted fabrics at their proper shapes but obtain a greatly
increased amount of product with the least expenditure of power and
labour, the hammers working at their greatest speeds and the tappet
wheels and working parts being of their smallest diameters and weights.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LAYING AND FORMING CONCRETE, ASPHALTE, AND OTHER SIMILAR ROADS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brasier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
September 1873.
I, EDWARD BRASIER, of Bastable House, Hatcham, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LAYING AND FORMING CONCRETE,
ASPHALTE, AND OTHER SIMILAR ROADS," to be as follows:-
The first part of these improvements relates to improved arrangements
of machinery for spreading and consolidating concrete or asphalte by
means of a roller mounted in a frame upon wheels capable of travelling.
and traversing across or at right angles from one portion of the road to
another.
. I
The travelling wheels are formed with deep grooves similar to pulleys
which travel upon edge or guide rails, the position of the roller and
machine being adjusted to the curvature of the road by means of longi-
tudinal surfaces laid upon the sides of the guide rails to give the
The roller is capable of
necessary inclines for forming the road.
adjustment to raise and lower it to the pressure required, its angle of

page_text: inclination can also be varied to suit the inclination of the road being
formed.
The machine can be raised from off the road by means of four trolley
wheels or rollers carried by upright screwed rods passing through screw
nuts formed as chain pulleys, motion being given to the chain around
such pulleys by means of wheel and pinion gearing actuated by a hand
wheel and spur gear, by which means the machine is raised so that the
trolley wheels can travel upon beams laid for the purpose.
The main roller is driven by means of a crank and shaft carrying bevil
gearing, which actuates a vertical shaft and worm thereon which drives
a worm wheel fixed on the axis of the main roller.
The frame of the machine carries a straight edge on cach side for
levelling the material in front of the roller..
Heat is applied to the roller either by a furnace carried by the end
bearings of the main roller shaft and capable of rising and falling with
the roller. Or the roller may be heated by steam.
Another part of my improvements has for its object the formation of
asphalto roads by delivering and laying it in sheets upon the surface to
be covered. For this purpose the heated asphalte is delivered from a
pair of rollers on to a tray or web from which it is carried and laid as
required.
Another part of my improvements relates to the arrangement and
construction of a straight edge or levelling instrument mounted upon
rollers for spreading and levelling asphalte, concrete, or other materials
used in the formation of roads. The travelling rollers are mounted to
run loose upon the ends of tubular axes, which slide telescopically within
a central tube in which they can be adjusted and fixed by set screws.
The straight edge is carried by the central tube, being supported in
guides, and can be moved to and fro upon friction rollers by means of a.
crank lever or other suitable mechanical arrangement.
NEW OR IMPROVED MODES AND MEANS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO PIPES AND CIGAR HOLDERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Gibson Rhodes and
Joseph Miller at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th May 1873.
We, SAMUEL GIBSON RHODES and JOSEPH MILLER, both of Leeds,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED MODES AND MEANS FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF TOBACCO PIPES AND CIGAR HOLDERS," to be as follows:―
In moulds of any desired form we place a core or tube which may be
composed of clay or other suitable material.
We take caoutchouc to which is added a quantity of sulphur and any
suitable colouring matter such as French chalk or vermillion; these are
reduced by heat to a soft state; when in this soft state the compound is
pressed into the mould round the core or tube. The mould being filled
with the compound it is brought to a temperature of about 300 or 350
degrees Fahrenheit. When brought to a proper degree of softness the
mould is closed and retained in position by a clamp or its equivalent.
Afterwards the forms are placed in what we term the vulcanizer, which
consists of a metallic vessel heated by gas or other suitable means; in

page_text: this vessel the forms are exposed to a temperature of about 300 or 350
degrees Fahrenheit, the vessel at the same time is kept closed and
charged with superheated steam at a high pressure. This operation
hardens or vulcanizes the caoutchouc. After this operation the form is
taken from the mould, cleaned, and dressed, the inner tube or corc
forming a lining for the bowl and stem of the pipe. These pipes aro
very light, inexpensive, and durable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEESE-MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Brassington Bamford at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd July 1873.
I, SAMUEL BRASSINGTON BAMFORD, of the Firm of Henry Bamford
and Sons, of Uttoxeter, in the County of Stafford, Ironfounder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHEESE-MAKING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is, as in other similar machines, to make
cheese wholly by mechanical means instead of formerly by hand labour,
and so to avoid entirely the necessity of handling the curds before they
are placed under the press, and thus to promote cleanliness in cheese-
making. But the special feature in my improved apparatus is the
improved construction of the arm which is employed to press the
perforated plate (technically called "the sinker") upon the curds and
whey contained in the cheese pan, and which has hitherto consisted of
a straight arm connected from the vertical rod to the sinker but having
a fixed centre.

page_text: My improvement consists in providing this arm at its lower extremity
with an additional L shaped rod or arm by means of which the centre
can be shifted when necessary by freeing the arm at its lower extremity,
and the perforated plate or sinker is then allowed to turn upon the other
centre the further end of the L shaped rod or arm supplies; and thus
without increasing the height of the apparatus the sinker can be
temporarily removed to such a convenient distance from the top of the
pan that its contents can be dealt with as desired. That the sinker shall
be held securely for the time in the new position in which it is thus
placed I provide a catch underneath it into which it falls by its own
weight, and it is held there until it is required to be disengaged. The
milk pans used for this purpose are necessarily tilted a little out of the
perpendicular in order to allow the whey to run off from the pan more
freely than it would otherwise do, and this has hitherto been done by
movable wedges or blocks, but according to my Invention I provide the
pan with an additional leg, which being actuated by a crank or a cam,
or a lever (as may be most convenient) is extended when required to
such a degree as to tilt the pan to the necessary angle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING BAGS, SACKS, TUBULAR FABRICS, AND SIMILAR TEXTILE ARTICLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rutherford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th October 1873.
I, WILLIAM RUTHERFORD, of the Town and County of Forfar, North
Britain, Mill Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING BAGS, SACKS, TUBULAR FABRICS, AND
SIMILAR TEXTILE ARTICLES," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of bags,
sacks, and tubular textile fabrics, which are usually made of jute or
linen yarns, or a mixture or combination of these yarns or cotton; the
cloth being either woven plain or twilled, and with or without colored
stripes.
The Invention consists in the application of the "dobie" machine
to an ordinary loom. The barrel of the "dobie" machine is perforated
to correspond with the requirements of the articles to the weaving of
which this Invention relates, or pegged or perforated cards may be
applied to the barrel, the pegs or perforations being in such position
to effect the necessary shedding operations of the cambs and heddles.

page_text: It is preferred to employ for the purpose of this Invention one warp
yarn camb and one shuttle, and the ordinary built camb with shafts;
thus dispensing with treadles, wipers, or jacquard harness.
In the process or operation of weaving though only one warp is used
two or more independent sheds are formed by the cambs and heddles,
one above the other, making the cloth double, or more than double, and
uniting it at one or both selvedges, as may be desired. When united at
one selvedge only this is made the bottom of the bag; and the sides of the
bag are formed by interweaving the whole of the warp yarns at suitable
intervals into strong single cloth, sufficient to give the side to each
bag; the open selvedges are thus made the mouth of the bags. When
the selvedges are united, so as to form the side edges of the bags, the
whole of the warp yarns are interwoven at suitable intervals apart into
strong single cloth, sufficient to form a bottom to each bag (two or
more bags may be woven in the width of the loom).
By the system of weaving herein-before described bags or sacks may
be made of various sizes in the piece, and then mangled and finished
for sale, and when cut off the piece are complete and ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIRCULAR SAW BENCHES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel William Worssam at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd December 1873.
I, SAMUEL WILLIAM WORSSAM, of Oakley Works, King's Road,
Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CIRCULAR SAW BENCHES," to be as
follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in circular saw benches,
and relates, firstly, to the feed motion thereof. For this purpose I mount
in bearings underneath the table a grooved or serrated roller, whose
periphery works partly in a slot or opening in the table, and extends a
slight distance above the surface of the table to ensure the wood to be
cut resting thereon.
Rotary motion is communicated to the roller by suitable gearing
capable of adjustment in order to enable the speed of the feed roller to
be regulated as desired.
According to my Invention I dispense with all holding down rollers or
means as heretofore used and rely solely on the pressure of the saw on
the work to keep it in contact with the feed roller.

page_text: My Invention relates, secondly, to an improved method of packing
the saw. For this purpose I employ loose blocks on each side of the
saw, and on each of such blocks I fit adjustable packing pieces. The
loose blocks are fitted in guides fixed to the under side of the table and
to the filling in piece, and I arrange two screws to each loose block to
work in nuts carried by the table and by the "filling-in piece," and so
that the ends of the screws extend to the outer edges of the table. Thus
by turning the screws the loose blocks with the packing pieces therein
can be adjusted as desired for different thicknesses of saws, whilst for
further adjustment each packing piece can be acted upon by a screw or
screws to adjust it in the loose block.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard James Markham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Pétition, on the
30th July 1878.
I, RICHARD JAMES MARKHAM, residing at 16, Palace Road, Lambeth,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of one or more wheels travelling or moving
on the inner flange or inside of a larger wheel either working in
The small wheel or
grooves or chipping pieces to reduce the friction.
wheels move on a shaft or axle. By this means one-fourth or more of
power is gained. The wheels in travelling or moving form virtually a
railway or travelling way of themselves, and are peculiarly adapted for
heavy loads or weights moved by animal or any other motive power.
The wheels are constructed thus, The small ones with strong middle
bosses are turned, bored, and fitted on an axle or shaft; the large one is
also turned having a webb in the middle and not fitting on the shaft or
axle.
•

page_text: In manufacturing or making these wheels I do not confine myself to
using any particular material, either iron, brass, wood, or any com-
bination of metals and wood, or of any other materials.
I claim the application of these wheels to any kind of carriage or
vehicle, or to any purpose to which if applied they would effect a saving
of motive power.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS, AND IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF AND APPLIANCE FOR CLEANING FEED WATER HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Sutcliffe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
September 1878.
I, ROBERT SUTOLIFFE, of Castle Mills, Idle, near Leeds, in the County
of York, Cotton Doubler, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER FOR
STEAM BOILERS, AND IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF AND APPLIANCE FOR CLEANING
FEED WATER HEATING APPARATUS," to be as follows:―
This Invention relates,―
Firstly. To the construction and arrangement of apparatus to be
employed for heating the feed water for steam boilers, which I construct
of wrought-iron "lap welded" tubing forming one continuous pipe from
entrance to exit, the upper and lower portions thereof being curved there
is a direct and unimpeded water way, so that the water must of necessity
circulate throughout the entire length of the tubing, the said tubing
being arranged within the flue or flues in a vertical or slanting position
with its curved portions nearest the top and the bottom of the flue or
flues.

page_text: Secondly. In lieu of the scrapers and similar appliances heretofore
employed for removing the soot, dust, and other deposit left upon the
pipes of the feed water heating apparatus, I employ a steam or air pipe
or pipes extending over or along those containing the feed water. From
the steam or air pipes branch other pipes of smaller diameter; these are
perforated and arranged in such position that on steam or compressed
air being discharged through the perforations, the blast or current will
remove the soot, dust, or deposit from the feed water heating pipes.
The steam for supplying the perforated pipes will be taken from the
boiler and on exposure to the heat within the flue will become super-
heated, and so dryer and better adapted for the purpose.
In case air be employed it would be compressed within an air vessel,
and subjected to heat during its passage from such vessel to the
discharge pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR CONNECTING AND STRENGTHENING THE ENDS OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS OR TRAMWAYS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR APPLYING THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Alley and James Baird
Handyside at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th November 1873.
We, STEPHEN ALLEY and JAMES BAIRD HANDYSIDE, both of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR
CONNECTING AND STRENGTHENING THE ENDS OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS OR TRAMWAYS,
AND IN APPARATUS FOR APPLYING THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention relates to improved fastening arrangements for con-
necting the ends of railway or tramway rails, and which, whilst
preventing any relative movement of the rail ends, considerably
strengthens the joints.
The Invention, as applied to the common I rail consists in combining,
with fish plates applied to the sides of the rail ends a stirrup plate
applied to the bottom, the lateral edges of such stirrup plate being
curled upwards and inwards over curved toes formed along the bottom
edges of the fish plates, so that when the fish plates are drawn inwards
-

page_text: by the fastening bolts the lift and tighten up the bottom stirrup
plate. The bottom plate tends to keep the rails perfectly flush, and
the strain on the fish plates will keep the bolts from turning or
becoming loose.
The improved fastenings may be easily adapted to various sections of t
rail. Thus in the case of L rails the fish plates are formed with curved
toe-like extensions projecting more or less over the sides of the
horizontal web, so as to enter within the curled or overlapping edges
of the bottom stirrup plate; this plate being by preference shaped to
bear principally up against the middle of the bottom web.
The bottom or stirrup plate is by preference made a little longer
than the fish plates, so that the bottom ends can be bended or closed
to prevent longitudinal displacement; and it may be strengthened by
a longitudinal tib or ribs.
The stirrup plates may be made of steel or malleable iron, and the 1
fish plates of the same, or of cast iron.
For applying the improved fastenings a pair of powerful, tongs or
compressers is provided, consisting of two crossed levers jointed together
and connected by a screw spindle. This instrument is applied to
compress and hold the fish plates against the rail sides whilst the 2
fastening bolts are being entered into their places, and at the same time
forcibly draws up and tightens the bottom stirrup plate.
]