IMPROVED METHODS OR PROCESSES FOR EXTRACTING GLYCERINE FROM FATTY SUBSTANCES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London. for an Invention of
"IMPROVED METHODS OR PROCESSES FOR EXTRACTING GLYCERINE FROM FATTY
SUBSTANCES communicated to him from abroad by Edmond Octave Baujard,
of Auberoillier France
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th June 1883.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, " IMPROVED METHODS OR PROCESSES FOR
EXTRACTING GLYCERINE FROM FATTY SUBSTANCES [A communication to him from
abroad by Edmond Octave Baujard, of Auberoillier France]
"
This invention has for its object to treat fatty neutral substances of animal or
vegetable origin so as to divide them rapidly and economically, and after
eliminating the glycerine in a condition of purity sufficient to utilize it directly
for manufacturing dynamite, to enable the said fatty neutral substances to be
immediately employed for manufacturing stearic acid and candles as well as soap.
This process is based :-
First. On the action produced on all fatty neutral substances by oxygen and
hydrogen when in this primitive state
Second. On the property possessed by metallic zinc, when in a condition of
proper division to decompose the water under the influence of heat
In carrying the said invention into practice I take some pure metallic zinc and
proceed as follows, that is to say:-In a closed vessel of a digester. I introduce a
suitable charge of fatty neutral substances, with about thirty per cent of its
volume of water. I then introduce two or three thousandths of the weight of
fatty substances used, of pure metallic zinc. This zinc is pulverized or reduced by
a file into small particles and placed in water in a pail or other suitable vessel.
The contents of the vessel are stirred to keep the particles of the zinc separated or
divided. The contents of the vessel while under the influence of the stirring are

page_text: then introduced into the digester. They are preferably introduced into the
digester in small quantities at a time. They may be advantageously introduced
through a funnel having its nozzle furnished with a cock and located above the
level of the charge in the digester. As each quantity of the zinc and water is
introduced a sufficient quantity of steam is admitted into the digester to agitate
the charge and disseminate the zinc throughout the same. The steam admitted
for this purpose enters the lower part of the digester so as to stir up the charge
effectually. If desirable steam may be admitted in this manner before any quantity
of zinc and water is introduced and may be admitted in a constant stream until
all the zinc and water have been introduced-
After the zinc and water have been introduced the cock of the said funnel is
closed and steam is admitted more freely until the desired pressure within the
digester is attained. A slight escape of the steam from the upper part of the
digester is provided for so that the incoming steam will always keep the charge
in the digester stirred up or in a state of agitation
J
Under the influence of the heat derived from the steam, a portion of the water
in the digester is decomposed. The oxygen and hydrogen in their primitive state
exercise their action on the fatty substance in dividing it so rapidly that the said
fatty substance is soon brought to a state of division. This is aided by the
mechanical or stirring action of the steam. If the steam is not introduced so as
to keep the charge stirred during and after the introduction of the zinc and
water any mechanical contrivance may be employed for stirring or agitating the
charge'.
When this division occurs volatile acids contained in the fatty substances are
set at liberty. I can easily ascertain when they are set at liberty by applying to
an escapement of steam from the digester a strip of litmus paper as the volatile
acids if present immediately turn the said paper red.
A maximum pressure of about one hundred and fifty pounds will suffice for
dividing fatty substances such as are employed in stearine factories. The division
will be effected in about from four to five hours. In soap factories where the
fatty substances employed abound less in concrete acids the division may be effected
in about three hours at a pressure of about one hundred and twenty five pounds
in the digester
After saponification has taken place in the digester I blow off the contents of
the digester into a suitable lead lined tank and when the water has been completely
separated. I run it into a receptacle for subsequent evaporation and I run the
fatty acids into another receptacle for further treatment.
I do not confine myself to the particular manner described for introducing pure
zinc into the digester as it may be introduced in other manners.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th December 1883.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, "IMPROVED METHODS OR PROCESSES FOR
EXTRACTING GLYCERINE FROM FATTY SUBSTANCES A communication to me from
abroad by Edmond Octave Baujard, of Auberoillier, France,
دو
This invention relates to methods or processes of extracting glycerine from fatty
substances.
The said invention has for its object to treat fatty neutral substances of animal
or vegetable origin so as to divide them rapidly and economically, and after
eliminating the glycerine in a condition of purity sufficient to utilize it directly
for manufacturing dynamite, to enable the said fatty neutral substances to be
immediately employed for manufacturing stearic acid and candles as well as soap.
This invention is based :-
First. On the action produced on all fatty neutral substances by oxygen and
hydrogen when in this primitive state, Secondly. On the property possessed by
metallic zinc, when in a condition of proper division, to decompose water under
the influence of heat.
In carrying the said invention into practice I take some pure metallic zinc and
proceed as follows, that is to say-In a closed vessel of a digester I introduce a
suitable charge of fatty neutral substances, with about thirty per cent of its
volume of water. I then introduce two or three thousandths of the weight of
fatty substances used, of pure metallic zinc. This zinc is pulverized or reduced by
a file or in some other suitable manner into small particles and placed in water in
a pail or other suitable vessel. The contents of the vessel are stirred to keep the
particles of the zinc separated or divided. The contents of the vessel, while under
the influence of the stirring, are then introduced into the digester, and are preferably
introduced in small quantities at a time. They may be advantageously introduced
through a funnel having its nozzle furnished with a cock and located above the
level of the charge in the digester.
As each quantity of the zinc and water is introduced, a sufficient quantity of
steam is let into the digester to agitate the charge and disseminate the zinc
throughout the same. The steam admitted for this purpose enters the lower part
of the digester so as to stir up the charge effectually. If desirable steam may be
admitted in this manner. before any quantity of zinc and water is introduced and
may be admitted in a constant stream until all the zinc and water have been
introduced. After the zinc and water have been introduced the cock of the said
funnel is closed and steam is admitted more freely until the desired pressure
within the digester is attained. A slight escape of the steam from the upper part
of the digester is provided for, so that the incoming steam will always keep the
charge in the digester stirred up or in a state of agitation.
Under the influence of the heat derived from the steam, a portion of the water
in the digester is decomposed. The oxygen and hydrogen in their primitive state
exercise their action on the fatty substance in dividing it so rapidly that the said
fatty substance is soon brought to a state of division. This is aided by the
mechanical or stirring action of the steam.
If the steam is not introduced so as to keep the charge stirred during and after
the introduction of the zinc and water, any mechanical contrivance may be
employed for stirring or agitating the charge.

page_text: When this division occurs, volatile acids contained in the fatty substances are set
at liberty. It is easy to ascertain when they are set at liberty, by applying to an
escapement of steam from the digester a strip of litmus paper, as the volatile acids
if present immediately turn the said paper red.
A maximum pressure of about one hundred and fifty pounds will suffice for
dividing fatty substances such as are employed in stearine factories. The division
will be effected in about from four to five hours. In soap factories, where the
fatty substances employed abound less in concrete acids, the division may be
effected in about three hours at a pressure of about one hundred and twenty five
pounds in the digester.
After saponification has taken place in the digester I blow off the contents of
the digester into a suitable lead lined tank and when the water has been completely
separated I run it into a receptacle for subsequent evaporation, and I run the fatty
acids into another receptacle for further treatment.
I do not confine myself to the particular manner described for introducing pure
zinc into the digester as it may be introduced in other manners.
Having thus fully described the said invention as communicated to me by my
foreign Correspondent and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that I Claim: :
First. The method or process of extracting glycerine from fatty substances, the
said method or process consisting in placing the fatty substances with a suitable
quantity of water in a digester, in agitating the mass, and in subsequently
introducing pure metallic zinc into the same, substantially as specified.
Second. The method or process of extracting glycerine from fatty substances,
the said method or process consisting in placing the fatty substances with a suitable
quantity of water in a digester, in agitating the mass, in pulverizing or reducing
zinc into small particles, in placing the particles of zinc in water, in stirring the
zinc and water to keep the particles of zinc separated, and in introducing the zinc
and water while under the influence of the stirring into the digester, substantially
as specified.
Third. The method or process of extracting glycerine from fatty substances, the
said method or process consisting in placing the fatty substances with a suitable
quantity of water in a digester, in agitating the mass by admitting a small stream
of steam into the lower portion, in placing zinc reduced to small particles in water,
in stirring the zinc and water to keep the particles of zinc separated, in introducing
the zinc and water while under the influence of the stirring into the digester, in
subsequently admitting a larger stream of steam into the lower portion of the
digester to raise the pressure therein, and in allowing a slight escape of steam from
the digester so that the incoming steam will agitate the contents of the digester,
substantially as specified.
In witness whereof I the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Fifth day of December in the year of Our Lord Oue thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.