matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR DISPLAYING CLOTHING AND OTHER ARTICLES IN SHOP WINDOWS AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix MoIlvenna at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1881.
FELIX MCILVENNA, of Liverpool, and of 1, Hilton Street, Manchestor, both in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturer of Shop Fittings. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR DISPLAYING CLOTHING AND OTHER ARTICLES IN SHOP
WINDOWS AND OTHER PLACES."
This Invention relates to the class of goods for improvements, on which the
series of Letters Patent, No. 1942 of 1877, Nos. 108 and 2821 of 1880, and Nos.
979 and 2237 of 1881, have from time to time been applied for.
In the arrangement of stands and brackets as at present largely in use for
displaying goods of different sorts, considerable length of time is taken up in
adjusting thumb screws, set screws, springs, and other equivalent mechanical
devices, and these screws, springs, et cetera, are very liable to be lost, or wear, or
otherwise get out of order. It is chiefly to expedite the fixing and adjusting
of these articles, and consequently the "dressing" of the windows and other parts
of shops or show rooms that these improvements have been designed.
In place of the cylindrical horizontal window rods now used, I employ angular
and preferably square rods, and at the same time form the sockets or notches in the
carrying brackets of corresponding contour. By this means all necessity for clamps
is obviated as the rods cannot all turn in their sockets. I also form the various
stands, brackets, and other appliances for displaying goods on these bars, with a
pair of jaws forming a notch nicely fitting the bar, but if desirable expanding at
the ends. They thus can be simply placed on the bar, yet hold perfectly without
screws, springs, or the like. Scarf brackets for instance, by this means, instead of
being formed with an expensive socket, stand, and top, can be formed of a simple
piece of iron, somewhat resembling a double pot hook, with a square turn to fit
over the bar, the round hook forming the broad hook on which the polo or back
of a scarf rests.
I avoid set screws, springs, and other inconvenient mechanism on vertical rods as
well as horizontal, and instead of the old plans of fastening the bust to them by
set-screws below, and of raising or lowering by screw adjustment under the

page_text: raiment to be exhibited, I attach the bust by the top only, and thus by mechanism
extending above the bust can raise or lower at will. One plan of doing this is to
notch the bar and employ spring or other catches worked by a spring or springs,
lover or levers, projecting downward inside the bust from their pivot in the plato
on the top of the bust to the notches on the rod. By compressing the ends of
these springs or levers the catches are withdrawn, and the bust can be raised or
lowered as required. Friction clutches can take the place of catches, or even a
collar with a screwed sleeve upon which the bust hangs. The notched end of the
rod can slide inside a tube in the interior of the bust.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STORING ELECTRICITY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scudamore Sellon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1881.
JOHN SCUDAMORE SELLON, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STORING ELECTRICITY."
This Invention relates to the storing, magazining, or reserving electricity, and it
consists in effecting its absorption, retention, or contention in or by certain metallic
compounds or products produced simultaneously with the formation or elimination
of the electric fluid or current, and it further consists in the employment, use,
and application of the resulting electrically produced and charged product, and
utilizing and obtaining the electric fluid or force stored or contained therein.
In carrying out my Invention I employ as my positive poles, sheets, foil, gauze,
wires, pieces, or any form of suitable metal, metallic fabric or material, carbon for
example. I then immerse them in a bath or mass of any suitable metallic salts,
either in solution or in a moistened condition, and deposit from such salts their
oxides; by this means I rapidly form and obtain a reservoir of electricity of great
strength, and in a portable form or condition. As an example, I use thin sheets or
gauze of platinized copper, or pieces of carbon of convenient form, and upon
immersing them in a solution of acetate of lead or other suitable salt or compound
of lead or of other metal, and connecting them with a battery or dynamo machine,
or other means of generating electricity, I obtain deposits of oxides of lead, such as
protoxide and peroxide of lead or of other metal, in which deposit is and will be
contained the store required. Such deposit may be allowed to remain upon the
poles, or it may be removed.
The product thus resulting and existing either upon the surface of the poles or
in a separate condition may be employed for eliminating and obtaining electricity,
either by causing the deposit upon the plates to be brought into contact with
water or with an an aqueous solution acidified or otherwise.
The before mentioned product which has been produced upon and which has
been removed from the surface of the poles or plates may be placed upon fresh
plates or poles when it is desired to utilize the electricity contained therein, and
may be rendered active either by the employment of water or of an aqueous
solution acidified or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN READING TABLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Guy Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1881. A communication
from abroad by G. Adolf Richter, of Rixdorf, Prussia, in the Empire of
Germany.
JOHN GUY WILSON, of the British & Foreign Patent Office, 71, Market
Street, Manchester, Mechanical Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
READING TABLES." A communication from abroad by G. Adolf Richter, of
Rixdorf, Prussia, in the Empire of Germany.
The object of this Invention is the construction of reading tables provided with
desks, which can be easily turned in any direction and fixed in any desired or
convenient position by the user, no matter whether he is sitting, or reclining, or
lying down.
This improved reading desk is constructed with an arm, at one extremity
of which the reading board is affixed by a ball joint and binding screw, the other
end of the same arm being connected to a slide which is capable of sliding into an
enclosed table top and of being fixed in any position by a binding screw. By
turning a hand wheel, which encloses a nut turning upon a suitable screw, the
upper part of the table can be raised or lowered out of the leg or support, and
thus be adjusted in height to the greatest nicety.
The same device for raising and lowering the upper part of the reading table
is applicable also to an invalid's table, but in this case the board is mounted upon
an axle and is capable of being affixed at any desired angle by means of a spindle,
the end of which is capable of being screwed up against a braco, which produces
the desired friction to prevent the board when once adjusted from being turned
or upset accidentally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING TO LAWN TENNIS BATS, AND OTHER LIKE OBJECTS REQUIRING ADJUSTABLE TENSION
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Phillips Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1881.
A communi-
cation from abroad from Robert Gordon, of Henzadah, in British Burmah.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, of the Firm of Wm. P. Thompson and Co., British
and Foreign Patent Agents, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
323, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, and Berridge Street, Leicester,
in the County of Leicester, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING
TO LAWN TENNIS BATS, AND OTHER LIKE OBJECTS REQUIRING ADJUSTABLE
TENSION." A communication from Robert Gordon, of Henzadah, in British
Burmah.
This Invention is designed to overcome the objections to the use of gut in lawn-
tennis and other bats. In climates with great extremes of heat and moisture, the
variations of the tension of the gut are so great that if tightly strung originally it
at times distorts the wooden frame-work of the bat, and if not tightly strung it at
other times becomes too slack to be used, thus rendering the bat inefficient in both
cases.
The essential part of the Invention consists of a movable tongue or slider of any
suitable material fitting into the frame of the bat near the handle, which receives
the greater number of the longitudinal strands of the gut, and can have the amount
of tension adjusted by screws, or springs, or other means, while the transverse
strands are fastened only to the frame. The slider can be moved either by a screw
passing entirely through the handle, which permits of adjustment by hand at any
time, or by a shorter screw passing only partially into the handle, with a nut
revolving inside a metal frame; or by two screws, one at each side, passing through
the wooden frame of the bat with nuts outside. Springs may be combined with
these screws or used alone with the slider to render the tension automatic.
By increasing the tension on the longitudinal strands of the gut, the sides of the
frame of the bat are forced apart, thus tightening the transverse strands.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Robson, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Packing Case Manufacturer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING
LETTERS PATENT to George Robson, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Packing Case Manufacturer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING
CASES FOR BOTTLES AND LIKE ARTICLES.'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Robson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1881.
GEORGE ROBSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Packing Case
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING CASES FOR BOTTLES AND LIKE
ARTICLES."
The main objects are to provide a durable strong package for bottles, jars, and
like vessels, of less area at one end than at the other; to pack more bottles or
vessels into a given space and thereby cheapen freight, especially on board ship; to
reduce cost of packing; and to ensure that the bottles or vessels shall be carried
safely with reduced risk of breakage.
The Invention consists essentially in the combination of an outside rectangular
case or covering, preferably of wood, with two or more cell frames so constructed
that by reversing or turning the said frames end for end with each tier of bottles
or vessels, the necks or ends of less area of one tier of bottles or vessels shall be
between the necks or ends of less area of another tier.
The cell frames are made of bars or slips of wood or other suitable material
jointed together at right angles so as to form cells, and to contain in one direction
the desired number of cells and a half or projecting material equal to half a cell.
The larger ends of the bottles or vessels when packed are held in position in the
cells, and the ends of smaller diameter rest against the cell frames.
Sawdust or other suitable packing or retaining pieces are employed to prevent
the ends of less diameter, where they are interposed, coming into contact.

page_text: It is found desirable to fill the interstices or spaces between the bottles or vessels
and one bottle or vessel and another with sawdust or other packing, so as to
prevent one bottle or vessel from knocking against or coming into contact with
another. This is most readily effected whilst the bottles or vessels are being placed
in the case.
Having now described and particularized the nature of the said Invention in
such manner that others will be enabled to carry my improvements into effect, I
claim,
Packing cases for bottles and like articles, substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Robson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.
JAMES JOHNSON,
Patent Office,
Witness.
4, Clayton Square,
Liverpool.)
GEORGE ROBSON. (L.S.)
THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW COMPOUND OR MIXTURE FOR CHOLERA; DIARRHEA AND MEDICINAL PURPOSES GENERALLY
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Williams, of 9, Hampden Street, Clarendon
Square, Saint Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, Grocer, for an Invention
of "THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW COMPOUND OR MIXTURE FOR CHOLERA;
DIARRHEA AND MEDICINAL PURPOSES GENERALLY”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Williams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1881.
WILLIAM WILLIAMS, of 9, Hampden Street, Clarendon Square, Saint Pancras, in
the County of Middlesex, Grocer. "THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW COMPOUND
OR MIXTURE FOR CHOLERA, DIARRHOEA, AND MEDICINAL PURPOSES GENERALLY."
This Invention consists in the manufacture of a new compound or mixture for
producing an immediate cure of all pains in the stomach and bowels, and also for
medicinal purposes generally.
The compound is made up of the following ingredients :—
Flour.
Ground Rice..
Ground cinamon,
Carraway seeds.
Ground ginger.
Raw sugar.
Ground cloves.
Cayenne pepper.
Chalk.
To carry out my Invention I mix the before mentioned ingredients in the
proportions following, that is to say,-
1 lb. flour.
1 lb. ground rice.
2 ozs. ground cinamon.
2
2
» Carraway seeds.
ground ginger.
"
8 raw sugar.
"
1
"
ground cloves:
"
"
cayenne pepper.
chalk.
This mixture will be found suitable for children as well as for adults.
The several ingredients after being well granulated will be sold in powder with
directions for use.
2

page_text: ingredients to suit certain cases; but what I claim and desire to be secured to me
by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
The manufacture of a new compound or mixture for cholera, diarrhoea, and
medicinal purposes generally, substantially as hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Williams, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty second day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
WILLIAM WILLIAMS. (L.S.)
IMPROVED SIPHONIC APPARATUS FOR CLOSET AND OTHER FLUSHINGS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edwin Cooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1881.
HENRY EDWIN COOPER, of No. 127, Great Dover Street, in the County of
Surrey, Steam and Hot Water Engineer. "IMPROVED SIPHONIC APPARATUS FOR
CLOSET AND OTHER FLUSHINGS."
This Invention relates to apparatus to be fitted to closet cisterns, whereby a
siphonic action for flushing purposes can be established by a pull down or a pull
up of the ordinary chain or lever, or automatically on the water reaching a fixed
level in a cistern.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CHROMATE OF SODA AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st December 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Friedrich Carl Glaser, of Berlin, in the German Empire,
Engineer.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CHROMATE OF
SODA AND APPARATUS THEREFOR." [A communication from abroad by Friedrich
Carl Glaser, of Berlin, in the German Empire, Engineer.]
Chromate of soda is obtained in the manufacture of alizarine either by a
regenerative process or by other processes, only in the form of a lye which is not
suitable for cominerce or transport.
The present Invention has for its object to obtain the chromate of soda in a
solid form by subjecting it to a calcining process by application of superficial beat
in such manner that the product is obtained in a solid form without causing a
reduction of the chromate. The process is as follows:-
The lye containing the chromate of soda is introduced as a liquid of from 20° to
40° Beaumé, into a reverberatory furnace of the construction shewn on the accoin-
panying Drawing, in which Fig. 1 shews a longitudinal section, Fig. 2 a sectional
plan, and Fig. 3 a cross section. The furnace has in the front part of its bed an
iron tank B lined with fire resisting material, over which an oxidising flame from
the fire place is caused to play. The material is kept in this tank until it attains
a semi-solid consistency, after which it is withdrawn through the working doors O
and placed upon the smooth flat surface C at the back of the furnace, formed of
refractory material where its complete calcination is effected.
In the working of the furnace employed care must be taken that the flames and
hot gases always contain sufficient free oxygen to prevent any reduction of the
mass by carbonic acid. It is advantageous to cause a current of cold or heated air
to play upon the tank, for which purposes air passages are formed as at a.
-
AN IMPROVED GRASS BOX FOR LAWN MOWERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Dymond Barrott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1881. A
communication from abroad by Messieurs Lloyd, Supplee, and Walton, of
Philadelphia, United States of America.
CHARLES DYMOND BARRETT, of Worship Street, Finsbury, in the County of
Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED GRASS BOX FOR LAWN MOWERS." [A communication
from abroad by Messieurs Lloyd, Supplee, and Walton, of Philadelphia, United
States of America.]
The Invention communicated to me relates to the construction of an improved
grass box, specially applicable to lawn mowers having a back delivery.
In carrying out the Invention, the box is constructed of a rectangular shaped
frame of metal wire or the like, the top of the front of the frame projecting
beyond the bottom; the bottom rods of the frame extend forward and are adapted
to fit the back of the mower and to rest thereon so as to keep the box from the
ground, and the ends of the said rods are formed into eyes to fit over the
projecting ends of the axle of the mower. Over the frame is stretched a covering
of canvas or like fabric which forms the box properly so called, a hole being left at
the top to allow of the cleaning out.
A grass box of this construction is very light and portable, is easily adjusted to
and removed from the mower, and possesses the additional advantage of allowing
the box to be emptied without it being necessary, as at present, to remove the box
from the mower.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WOVEN BAGS OR RECEPTACLES, AND IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Arthur Carr at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1881.
«
WILLIAM ARTHUR CARR, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer. IMPROVEMENTS IN WOVEN BAGS OR RECEPTACLES, AND IN THE
METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME."
My Invention relates to the bags or sacks used as receptacles for the package or
transport of grain, seeds, and other substances, and is also applicable in the
formation of bags or receptacles which will be useful, when suitably made, as
pockets for articles of dress or as pillow or bolster cases, or be adapted for other
uses. Previously to my Invention, sacks and bags have been woven in a tubular
form and have been cut into lengths, and the cut edges have been turned over and
sewn down. The object of my Invention is to produce a bag or pocket which is
complete when cut from the web, and does not require to be sewn in any part. In
the manufacture of such bags I employ two warps, and I either produce one pocket
in the width of the web, or I produce two pockets as preferred. In the first case I
weave the two selvedges together on one side, the selvedges on the other side
being kept separate, as, for example, the shuttle passes to and fro through the upper
warp, and then to and fro through the under warp. At intervals the two warps
are woven together during a number of picks, the union being of such a suitable
breadth as that when divided by a central cut, the portion remaining on each side
of the cut will furnish a sufficiently strong connection for the webs. It is only
necessary to cut up a web in the manner indicated in order to obtain the bags,
which may or may not be turned inside out before being used. In the second case
in addition to the cross unions I weave together a number of the ends in each warp.
so as to form a longitudinal union, which may or may not be in the centre of the
web, a web so woven furnishing, when cut up, twice the number of bags of a
corresponding size as compared with the first method of weaving. In some cases
I weave a running" for tape or cord around the mouth of the bag. In a
modification of the method of weaving I produce more than two bags in the width
of the web. I weave the selvedges together at both sides, and I unite the webs at
more than one longitudinal line in the width of the warps; but when produced by
this method the bags are not complete, and the mouth of each bag would have to
be hemmed if the cut edges were objectionable.
IMPROVED METALLIC PLATES OR PROTECTORS FOR THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1881.
RICHARD JONES, of Abercarn, in the County of Monmouth, Hammerman.
IMPROVED METALLIC PLATES OR PROTECTORS FOR THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND
SHOES."
The object of my said Invention is to provide protectors for boots and shoes, the
wearers of which are exposed to great heat, and are therefor chiefly applicable to
heavy boots, such as are worn by iron workers, firemen, stokers, and others who
are compelled by their occupation to walk upon hot plates, cinders, and similar
substances; and the object of the said Invention further is to prevent the sole of
the boot from being burnt, as frequently happens with ordinary boots which are
but imperfectly protected by common nails, as the hot cinder gets between the
nails and burns the sole, thereby causing the nails to drop out and rendering the
boot unfit for use until repaired, thus causing great inconvenience and expense to
the working classes who use such boots.
My improved protectors are so arranged as to make it impossible for hot cinders
to touch the soles while walking upon or over them, thus removing the cause of the
soles cracking, which (at present) is of frequent occurrence. Boots fitted with my
said improved protectors can also be made comparatively lighter than those now
worn, which will be a great boon to men engaged in iron and other works.
The means whereby I carry out my said improvements are as follows:-I fit to
the soles of the boots plates of metal of a suitable form and in sufficient number to
insure flexibilty and prevent the application of the plates from causing too much
stiffness in the sole. These plates have raised portions of their surfaces, rendering
them sufficiently thick where such raised portions occur, to keep the remaining
portions above and free from contact with the hot floor (of whatever material the
floor may be composed). The remaining portions of the plates are thin for the sake of
lightness and coolness, and may in some cases have holes made in them to further
decrease their weight. The raised portions of the plates have holes in them for
the purpose of allowing nails or screws being inserted, and passing through such
holes and into the sole of the boot and thereby firmly and securely attaching such
Price 271

page_text: plates thereto. These holes are (by preference) "countersunk" in order to receive
the heads of the nails or screws and reduce the quantity of heat which such nails
or screws may receive in actual work, and to prevent the plates from falling off
with wear.
The breaks between the plates are transverse to the sole, and in some cases I
arrange them to dovetail into each other.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF MANUFACTURING WOOLLEN FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 8, Ruo de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 90, Cannon
Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent, for an Invention of "A NEW
OR IMPROVED MEANS OF MANUFACTURING WOOLLEN FABRICS." A communi-
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1881.
HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 8, Ruo
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 90, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF MANUFACTURING
WOOLLEN FABRICS." A communication by Adolphe Lepoutre Pollet, of Roubaix,
France, Manufacturer.
The Invention relates to a new or improved means of finishing woollen fabrics
by which new effects are obtained by known processes, and consists in manu-
facturing textile fabrics from animal and vegetable materials expressly combined,
and in chemically incinerating therefrom the vegetable materials after manu-
facture, so that after the incineration the fabric consists of animal materials
only.
Chemical cleaning is now performed upon animal textile fabrics after they are
manufactured by incinerating the thistles and other vegetable materials, which are
always present in quantities more or less great in fabrics manufactured from
animal textile materials.
This operation affords a starting point for the actual Invention, which consists
in so combining animal and vegetable materials that by incinerating the latter new
effects are obtained.
To guide the operative and facilitate the manufacturo of such fabrics thus
consisting of both animal and vegetable materials, one of the materials may be
dyed a pseudo-tint, though it is by no means indispensable, and the process of
incineration of vegetable materials can be applied to animal and textile fabrics of
every kind in whatever way they are manufactured.

page_text: The vegetable materials being thus chemically incinerated, the remaining
textile fabric entirely consisting of animal materials presents the appearance of
open work.
Having thus described the Invention and the manner of performing it, I claim
and desire to secure by Royal Letters Patent,―
In the manufacture of textile fabires from animal and vegetable materials
combined with each other, the chemical incineration after the manufacture of the
vegetable materials so as to leave a fabric composed solely of animal materials,
substantially as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have hereto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty-onc.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTAL PRINTING UPON CALICO, PAPER, AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Reinhold Ferdinand Schloesser
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1881.
CARL REINHOLD FERDINAND SCHLOESSER, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTAL PRINTING UPON CALICO, PAPER,
AND OTHER FABRICS."
This Invention relates to a new style of ornamental printing having the
appearance of what is known as "flock-printing," but producing the same effect by
the use of a much less expensive material or materials than the woollen
hitherto employed.
«
flock"
In carrying out my Invention I print from blocks (or otherwise) the pattern or
design upon the calico, paper, or other fabric in a suitable gum, size, varnish, or
other adhesive material, and whilst the same is in an adhesive state I apply thereto
(by sprinkling or otherwise) the new material or materials which when dried will
present the same appearance as woollen flock.
The material which I propose by preference to employ for this purpose is a
powder known as "wood flour" or "wood meal," and is made from fibres of pine
or other wood disintegrated and ground into the form of flour or meal.
This ground wood may be either used in its natural state (in which case it will
be of a pale buff color) or it may be bleached or dyed to any required color.
I would however observe that I do not confine my Invention to the use of
"wood flour" alone, but I desire to include therein flax, hemp, jute, cotton, or
other vegetable fibre when dried and reduced to a powdered state, or any mixture
of two or more of these materials, and either in the natural color or bleached or
dyed as required. I would also observe that if preferred the powder may be mixed
with the adhesive substance and then applied to the fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING AND INCREASING THE POWER OF MOTORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st December 1881. A com-
munication from abroad by Guillaume Grange of Paris France.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING AND INCREASING THE POWER
OF MOTORS." (A communication from abroad by Guillaume Grange of Paris
France.)
According to this Invention the inventor says that he multiplies or increases the
power by the employment or utilization of any motive power obtained from any
desired motor. The power is transmitted by means of a lever having a slot which
works a pin thus producing varying leverage, this lever is connected to two endless
chains by means of the aforesaid pin working in the slot in the lever in which it
becomes displaced during the motion of the chains. Each chain is driven by tooth
wheels; the chains are by preference vertical but they may be inclined. To the
opposite end of the lever is jointed a connecting rod which has a slot in which a
bolt or pin on the connecting lever works. In this way the power is taken from
one shaft and transmitted to an adjacent in an increased form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCH BOXES OR RECEPTACLES.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th December 1881.
MATTHEW WILSON of Peckham Rye in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MATCH BOXES OR RECEPTACLES.'
"
This Invention relates to match or fusee boxes, or receptacles for matches similar
in some respects to those now in use. It is a well known fact that upon the
ignition or explosion of matches or fusees, particles of the heads are liable to be
thrown off in a burning state and these particles have not only caused serious fires,
but have also been known to cause death.
The object of this Invention is to prevent the possibility of such accidents
occurring and to that end
The Invention consists in providing said boxes or receptacles with a hollow slit
cover over the striking surface for the purpose of preventing the ignited particles or
sparks of the match or fusee head from being thrown off into the room or upon
the person. The match being inserted through the slit in said cover may be readily
withdrawn after ignition upon the striking surface.
MANUFACTURE OF SHEEP SHEARS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Reaney at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1881.
JAMES REANEY, of Sheffield, in the County of York.
MANUFACTURE OF SHEEP SHEARS."
"
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
This Invention relates to the manufacture of sheep shears and other similar
shears.
In the ordinary manufacture of shears, they are forged down from a bar of iron,
say, one and a half inches wide by one inch thick, and after this has been roughly
forged down to somewhat of the ultimate shape of the shears, a thin bar or strip of
steel is welded on to the inside face of the roughed out blade, and the forging of the
shears is then proceeded with, and after the forging is completed, the shear is
finished in the ordinary manner.
In the manufacture of shears according to my improvements, I take a sheet of
iron and "punch" out or "fly" out the form or thereabouts of a pair of shears
before being twisted and bent, but the blades are made wider or have projections
at the back edge thereof, and this extended portion or projection is bent over, thus
making the back part of the iron blade double and thicker than the front edge.
A thin strip of steel is welded to the thin part of the blade, thus making the front
part of the blade practically as thick as the double iron back part, or the steel strip
will be so formed and so welded on as to make the blade its finished shape or there-
abouts, and thus forming the steel cutting edge.
The blades, shanks, and bow, can be punched out in one piece, and after the steel
cutting edge is welded on, the shear will be twisted, bent, and otherwise finished in
the ordinary manner; or one blade, one shank, and one half of the bow can be
punched out from a sheet of iron, as above described, and after the steel cutting edge
is welded on, as above described, two of these parts can be rivetted together or
otherwise secured to form one pair of shears.
Great saving in labour will be effected by my improved process of manufacture.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Humpage, of Brunswick Street, in the City and
County of Bristol, Engineer and Machinist, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN VELOCIPEDES."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Humpage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st September 1881.
JOHN HUMPAGE, of Brunswick Street, in the City and County of Bristol,
Engineer and Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in velocipedes.
I construct the wheels of bicycles and other velocipedes in the following
manner: The steel wire of which the spokes are constructed is in section not
circular, but of the pointed oval form made of two arcs of a circle. The felloe has
for each spoke a round hole through it to admit the head of the spoke. From this
hole there is a short slot corresponding to the thickness of the spoke, and at the
end of the slot there is a countersunk recess on the outside of the felloe. The
steel wire spoke has a riveted head on each end. One head passes through the
hole in the felloe and along the slot into the countersunk hole, and thus the spokes
can be put in or taken out without removing the tyre. The hub of each wheel is
formed in two parts, each part containing half the number of the spokes of the
wheel. Each part has on the outside a slot for each spoke, corresponding to the
width of the spokes. The two parts of the hub are placed close together for the
spokes to be put in, and the slots and heads are covered with collars.
To tighten the spokes and make the wheel true the two halves of the hub are
separated. For this purpose the central spindle of the wheel is formed of a
cylindrical steel tube, with a fixed feather key for each part of the hub.
In the boss of each part of the hub there is a toothed lever with a spring
between the lever and the boss to keep the teeth in gear with those on the
spindle.

page_text: The spring to support the saddle or seat is made double, having a knuckle joint
at the back, the ends being free to vibrate.
I steer bicycles by means of the back wheel in the following manner:-The
steering handle is connected to an endless chain which passes over pulleys, and
downwards through the two vertical side standards of the fork, which are made
hollow for the purpose. At the bottom of the standards, that is, at the centre of
the driving wheel, the two branches of the endless chain pass over two pulleys, and
then through two horizontal side tubes which connect the fork to the bottom of the
backbone. The endless chain then passes round a chain wheel on the vertical
spindle which carries the hind wheel. Thus when the handle is turned its
motion is communicated by the chain to the hind wheel..
The fact of the driving wheel not being required to move sideways allows a rigid
connection to be made between the extremities of the fork and backbone of the
machine by means of the tubes on either side.
The machine is thus much steadier and more comfortable for the rider,
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEASURING THE FERMENTA- TIVE OR FERMENTABLE POWER OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Watson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October 1881. A communication from
abroad by A. Champy, of 48, Boulevard Loopold, Antwerp, in the Kingdoin
of Belgium.
•
JOSEPH WATSON, of 61, Union Street, in the Borough of Southwark, in the.
County of Surrey, Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEASURING THE FERMENTA-
TIVE OR FERMENTABLE POWER OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES AND IN THE APPARATUS
TO BE USED THEREFOR." [A communication from abroad by A. Champy, of
48, Boulevard Leopold, Antwerp, in the Kingdom of Belgium.]
By this Invention it is proposed by measuring certain of the products of
fermentation to measure the fermentative or fermentable power of one or other of
the substances employed in the fermentation, moro particularly to measure the
fermentative power of samples of yeast.
It is based upon the property which yeast possesses of decomposing glucose into
two principal parts bearing a definite proportion to each other, namely, alcohol and
carbonic acid gas, and when the quantity produced of one of these is known, the
quantity of the other is calculable.
The quantity of carbonic acid gas produced is measured by my new apparatus,
the subject of this Invention, and which is applicable not only for testing samples
of yeast, but also for comparing the strength of samples of malt and other ferment-
able and fermentative matters used in the processes of brewing and distilling, and
also for determining the proportion of saccharine matter contained in other
sacchariferous substances.
An arrangement of apparatus which I find to answer well in carrying out my
Invention consists of a glass globe or other vessel in which the fermentation is
conducted, fitted with an air tight stopper and an arrangement for the introduction
of the materials, an attemperator for regulating and controlling the temperature of
the contents, a thermometer, and a tube for conducting the carbonic acid gas
produced into the next vessel, which may be cylindrical, and which at the
commencement of the operation is filled with water, and from which the water
is expelled by the carbonic acid generated in the other vessel.

page_text: The cylinder has a suitable outlet, with taps, &c., to allow the water displaced
by the gas to escape, and is fitted with a guage tube and graduated scale upon
which the level of the water is read, showing by the displacement the amount of
carbonic acid gas produced, from which is deduced according to a definite scale the
fermentative power of or the quantity of saccharine matter contained in the
substance under examination.
Suitable discharge cocks for emptying the vessels are provided, and tubes and
connections are fitted to the several parts.
The apparatus inay conveniently be made with all its parts in duplicate, so that
two operations may be conducted at the same time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leon Bónier and Augusto Lamart at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1881.
LEON BENIER and AUGUSTE LAMART, both of Beaumetz, in the Republic of
France, Civil Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES."
Our Invention consists in an engine in which a mixture of air and gas is
compressed to two or three atmospheres before being ignited in a receiver, into
which it is drawn by means of a pump. The mixture is introduced into the
cylinder during about one fifth of the stroke of the piston; the mixture is then
lighted, and forces the piston forward for the remainder of its stroke.
The general arrangement consists of two parallel vertical cylinders open at the
bottom. The pistons are jointed to the same beam placed under the cylinders;
this beam carries a connecting rod, which gives movement to the driving shaft.
For lighting the mixture we first explode a mixture of air and gas introduced at
atmospheric pressure into a space communicating by means of a valve with the
compressed mixture. The valve opens at the moment of the explosion, and a part
of the non-compressed and lighted gases is projected into the compressed mixture
and lights it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH TRAM CARS AND THEIR BREAKS, AND STOPPING AND RESTARTING APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harold Betteley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1881.
HAROLD BETTELEY, of 166, Fleet Street, and of 132, Leadenhall Street, both in
the City of London, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH TRAM
CARS AND THEIR BREAKS, AND STOPPING AND RESTARTING APPARATUS."
The object of this Invention is certain special and improved details connected
with tram cars and their breaks, and stopping and restarting apparatus.
The first part relates to making a tram car body much shorter and consequently
much lighter than usual, so that it can be drawn by one horse instead of by two.
The seats I arrange in a double row along the centre, and leave a channel
underneath for nearly the full length, which channel may or may not be divided
by stays or partitions.
I arrange a door at each side at both ends, and a staircase at each end also. I fit
seats on the two sides of the roof and leave a central passage from one end to the
other. The roof seats are provided with swing backs so that they can be adjusted
to the direction of travel. Such roof seats may, however, be dispensed with if
desired.
The body of the car being shorter than usual enables a much closer wheel base
for traversing curves and steadier travelling of the vehicle to be produced, the horse
being closer to its work.
The second part of the Invention relates to the breaks and restarting gear. For
this I fit a roller or a pair of rollers which can by an action on the break lever be
caused to come into contact with the main wheel or wheels and be caused to wind
a chain upon a drum through the intermediation of a messenger chain or gear
wheels, which is or are arranged upon a portion of the drum, and an additional
wheel upon the shaft of the rollers. The chain as it is wound upon the drum
causes a spring on a series of springs to be compressed or expanded, such com-
pression or expansion being established by the motion of the car as it is being
brought to a standstill.
When the car has to be restarted the break has to be released by the attendant,
who at the same time puts his foot upon a foot plate to throw a clutch into gear
with the chain drum, when the recoil or expansion spring or springs causes the
axle of the main wheels on which the drum is mounted to revolve and the car to.
move forward. .

page_text: The rollers may be hung from the car frame direct or be fitted to suspension
frames, and act through the intermediation of a double ended lever to work the
ordinary breaks in addition to the restarting mechanism. The main axles or one
of them may in some cases be provided with a quadrant or a rack, which can be
thrown into gear by a clutch for the rebound or expansion of the spring or springs 5
to restart the car or to assist in doing so in conjunction with the pull of the horse
or horses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Love at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th January 1881.
GEORGE LOVE, the younger, of Malton House, Lanchester, in the County of
Durham. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
IRON OR STEEL."
The object of the Invention is to economize fuel and prevent waste.
In carrying out my improvements I arrange a flue or flues on each side of and
immediately adjoining the working door, or over that door, for the purpose of
carrying away the smoke and products of combustion from the fuel in the fire
employed, as well as the fumes or gases arising from the heated metal under
operation. By thus providing these flues immediately adjoining the working
door, cold air entering by that working door is drawn away at once to those flues,
and prevented from acting to chill the beated metal under operation or to the
interior of the furnace.
The smoke and products of combustion with the vapours from the metal and
air entering by the working door are together drawn into these flues, which may
be arranged to pass upwards or downwards as may be desired.
The metal under operation may be heated from one or more fires.
Air to support combustion of the fuel in the fire may be admitted either from
under the chamber for heating the metal under operation or from the front or
otherwise.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED BOX OR RECEPTACLE FOR CONTAINING THE BRUSHES AND OTHER ARTICLES EMPLOYED FOR CLEANING BOOTS AND SHOES, AND APPLIANCE FOR RESTING THE BOOT OR SHOE UPON DURING THE OPERATION OF CLEANING OR POLISHING SAME
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Forrest Walters at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1881.
JOHN FORREST WALTERS, of 7, Queen's Boad, Bayswater, London, lato of
Boston, Mass., United States of America. "AN IMPROVED COMBINED BOX OR
RECEPTACLE FOR CONTAINING THE BRUSHES AND OTHER ARTICLES EMPLOYED
FOR CLEANING BOOTS AND SHOES, AND APPLIANCE FOR RESTING THE BOOT OR
SHOE UPON DURING THE OPERATION OF CLEANING OR POLISHING SAME."
The Invention relates to the construction of a box or chest, or combination of
boxes or receptacles for blacking, shoe brushes, shoe horns, button hook, etc., with a
convenience for resting the boot or shoe upon at any desired elevation in order to
render the task of cleaning and blacking more easy and cleanly.
In carrying out my Invention I construct or employ a small box or chest of the
suitable size, nearly square, making it with a lid as an ordinary chest. At about
(3) three inches from the top of the box I put a partition horizontal to lid when
closed, which I cover with American cloth or other suitable substance capable of being
washed or cleansed. In one corner of the partition I sink a receptacle or till which
I fit with a lid for the purpose of keeping blacking when not in use, and other odd
articles. About the centre of the aforesaid partition I make a hole, through which
I pass a tube or pipe and screw it into a flange as a fixture proviously fastened to tlie
bottom of the box. Upon the top of or the end of the pipe or tube extending
above partition I place a cap, through the side of which I place a thumb screw
which also enters the tube. Through the top I insert another pipe, tube, or rod,
which works freely up and down in a tolescopic manner. Upon the top of said
tube or rod place an apparrattus to rest the boot or shoe upon. Attached to the
rest by means of an arm is a cup or receptacle for blacking. Fastened to the cup
by means of a rivet is the lid, which opening horizontally and hollowed in the top
forms a receptacle for water. For economical purposes I can dispense with the box
and place the main tube in a base of metal or other suitable substance.