IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK-MAKING MACHINES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Mark Payne and Charles Henry Payne, both of
Thrapston, in the County of Northampton, Engineers, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK-MAKING MACHINES AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH.
"
Sealed the 10th September 1872, and dated the 15th March 1872.
t
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Mark Payne and
Charles Henry Payne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 15th March 1872.
We, MARK PAYNE and CHARLES HENRY PAYNE, both of Thrapston, in
the County of Northampton, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK-MAKING MACHINES AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
Our Invention primarily consists in making, erecting, and combining
in one and the same machine an engine, boiler, pug mill, and brick
machine, and in mounting the whole upon one frame on wheels to run
on common roads, or on trams or rails, so that the engine and brick

page_text: machine may be moved from place to place, or even from one part of a
yard or field to another, as required.
We place a steam boiler, by preference upright, on a frame mounted
on and supported by wheels; boiler and engine are on one side or end,
the
pug
mill and brick making machine being on the other side or end
of the frame or carriage. The fly wheel shaft carries a bevil pinion in
gear with a bevil wheel on an upright shaft which is by the side of the
boiler and between it and the pug mill. The lower end of this shaft
carries a pinion in gear with a toothed wheel on the pug mill shaft
which carries the knives, the upper end being supported by and working
in bearings in a bracket bolted to or otherwise attached to the top of the
pug mill. The large toothed wheel on the lower end of the pug mill
shaft is boxed up or enclosed in the frame or base of the pug mill, so
that it is hidden from view, cannot be touched, and no dirt or stones can
get to it to clog or break the teeth. The knives are of the ordinary
construction and are attached to the pug mill shaft in the ordinary way.
The lower end of the shaft at the base of the pug mill carries a roller
and scoop, the latter corresponding somewhat in shape with that of the
internal circumference of the base of the pug mill, which when revolving
press and drive the clay through the dies; the clay thus moulded passes
between rollers with a water box above, and on to the roller platform,
where it is cut into bricks in the ordinary way.
The pug
mill may have only one die or set of dies to deliver one set or
series of bricks; or it may, and which we prefer, have a die on opposite
sides of the pug mill, so as to make and deliver the bricks on both sides
of the machine at one and the same time.
With regard to the scoop before mentioned, for carrying or scooping
the clay into the dies, it will be understood that its action is intermittent,
for when it has driven one lot of clay through the die or dies it continues
it rotation, forces another lot through the next die, and so on, the time
between each operation being utilized very advantageously by the
attendant to trim off the corners of the bricks, to remove defective
bricks, and so forth.
The pinion on the engine shaft may be thrown out of gear so that the
engine may be used for other purposes when not required to drive the
brick making machinery.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Mark Payne and Charles Henry Payne in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th September 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, MARK
PAYNE and CHARLES HENRY PAYNE, both of Thrapston, in the County
of Northampton, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Mark Payne and Charles Henry
Payne, Her special licence that we, the said Mark Payne and Charles
Henry Payne, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Mark Payne and Charles Henry Payne, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term.
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRICK-MAKING MACHINES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Mark Payne and Charles
Henry Payne, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Mark Payne and Charles Henry
Payne, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked
thereon, that is to say :-
Our Invention primarily consists in making, erecting, and combining

page_text: machine, and in mounting the whole upon one frame on wheels to run
on common roads, or on trams or rails, so that the engine and brick
machine may be moved from place to place, or even from one part of a
yard or field to another, as required.
The Invention will be best understood with reference to the accom-
panying Drawings, of which Figure 1 is a side elevation of an engine,
boiler, pug mill, and brick machine, all upon one and the same frame,
supported on wheels, all according to our Invention, but only shewing a
single acting machine, that is where only one set or series of bricks is
delivered; Figure 2 is a section through the pug mill shewing duplicate
dies where bricks are made and delivered on opposite sides of the pug
mill, this view also shews the water dies and water boxes; Figure 3 is a
view in plan of the bottom of the pug mill with the water dies.
A is a steam boiler, by preference upright, on a frame B, mounted on
and supported by wheels C; H is the pug mill. Boiler and engine arc
on one side or end, the pug mill and brick making machine being on the
other side or end of the frame or carriage. D is the fly wheel shaft
which carries a bevil pinion E in gear with a bevil wheel F on an
upright shaft G, which is by the side of the boiler A, and between it and
the pug mill. The lower end of this shaft G carries a pinion I, shewn
in dotted lines, Figure 1, in gear with a toothed wheel K on the mill
pug
shaft L which carries the knives M. The upper end of the shaft L is
supported by and works in bearings in a bracket N, bolted to or other-
wise attached to the top of the pug mill H. The large toothed wheel K.
on the lower end of the pug mill shaft L is boxed up or enclosed in the
frame or base of the pug mill, so that it is hidden from view, cannot be
touched, and no dirt or stones can get to it to clog or break the teeth.
The knives M are of the ordinary construction and are attached to the
pug mill shaft in the ordinary way. The lower end of the shaft at the
base of the pug mill carries a roller and scoop O, which corresponds
somewhat in shape with that of the internal circumference of the base of
the pug mill H, so that when the scoop revolves it presses and drives the
clay through the die or dies.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the water box or die, and Figure 5
is a vertical section of the same.
a, a, are the two parts composing the frame, held together by bolts
and nuts. This frame encloses and retains therein a die, preferably

page_text: made of wood, and corresponding in size with the size of brick to be
made. The sides and ends of this wood die are partially perforated; as;
shewn at b, b, the centres of which are bored through the material, but
the puncture being so fine as not to be perceptible to the eye on the
inner sides but sufficiently large to allow water to trickle through. c is
an aperture in the metal frame by which water is conveyed to the
perforations in the wood die, shewn at Figure 4, from the tank P above.
Water thus admitted is conveyed to the apertures b, b, and in just
sufficient quantity to lubricate the clay and to keep it continually
lubricated as it passes through the dies. By removing the bolts and cover
a fresh wood die is easily substituted for that in use. The clay thus
moulded passes on to the roller platform where it is cut into bricks in
the ordinary way.
.
..
The pug
mill may have only one die or set of dies to deliver one set or
series of bricks, as shewn in Figure 1, or it may, and which we prefer,
have a die on opposite sides of the pug mill, so as to make and deliver
the bricks on both sides of the machine at one and the same time, as
shewn at Figures 2 and 3.
With regard to the scoop O before mentioned for carrying or scooping
the clay into the dies, it will be understood that its action is intermittent,
for when it has driven one lot of clay through the die or dies it con-
tinues its rotation, forces another lot through the next die or dies, and so
on, the time between each operation being utilized very advantageously
by the attandant to trim off the corners of the bricks, to remove defective
bricks, and so forth.
The pinion E on the engine shaft may be thrown out of gear so that
the engine may be used for other purposes when not required to drive
the brick-making machinery.
:
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as our
improvements in brick-making machinery and in apparatus connected
therewith,-
First. The making, erecting, and combining in one and the same
machine of an engine, boiler, pug mill, and brick machine, and in
mounting the whole on a frame supported by wheels, substantially in
manner and for the purposes herein-before described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Second. The particular construction, arrangement, and method of
action of pug mill and parts connected therewith, viz., roller and scoop,
water die or box, substantially in manner and for the purposes herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Mark Payne and Charles Henry
Payne, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eleventh day
of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-two.