IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRICAL PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Evelyn Liardet, of Brockley, in the County of
Kent, and Thomas Donnithorne, of Gracechurch Street, in the City of London,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRICAL
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Evelyn Liardet and
Thomas Donnithorne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
10th December 1881.
"
JOHN EVELYN LIARDET, of Brockley, in the County of Kent, and THOMAS
DONNITHORNE, of Gracechurch Street, in the City of London. IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRICAL APPARATUS ON RAILWAY TRAINS."
This Invention relates to the arrangement of electrical apparatus on railway
trains.
We mount dynamo electric machines upon railway carriages in such manner
that the said machines can be set in motion when the train is at a suitable speed
and then made to generate electricity which is stored in secondary batteries and
applied when required for lighting the train for signal lights and for propulsion
where desired.
We provide a speed indicator upon the train which shows when the speed is
suitable for the dynamo machines and which may by closing an electric circuit
cause the said machines to receive motion from the axles. Or the speed indicator
may by its indications show to an attendant when the dynamo machine is to be
set in motion.
To effect this an axis is mounted in the carriage containing the dynamo machine.
This axis is parallel to the axle of the carriage and it is driven from it. It receives
motion from the axle by endless driving bands passing around pulleys.
Other
pulleys on the axis receive the driving belts of the dynamo machine.
The bearings in which the axis is mounted are supported by a pair of levers
which admit of the axis being lowered or moved towards the axle when it is not

page_text: desired to drive the dynamo machine and by this means all the belts are made to
fall slack. By lifting the axis the belts are tightened and the dynamo machine is
set in motion.
The dynamo machine is coupled with Faure's or other accumulators from which
the electricity is drawn as required for lighting or for signalling or for propelling
the train.
By these means we utilise wasted power on railways as a means to produce and
store electricity for light and also for the production of motive power for the
propulsion of such carriage or carriages and for signalling.
The Invention is applicable also to carriages or trains running on street railways
or to tramways.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Evelyn Liardet and Thomas Donnithorne, in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 9th June 1882.
JOHN EVELYN LIARDET of Brockley in the County of Kent and THOMAS
DONNITHORNE of Gracechurch Street in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRICAL APPARATUS ON RAILWAY TRAINS."
This Invention relates to the arrangement of electrical apparatus on railway
trains which we effect in the following manner..
We mount dynamo electric machines upon railway carriages in such manner
that the said machines can be set in motion when the train is at a suitable speed
and then made to generate electricity which is stored in secondary batteries and
applied when required for lighting the train for signal lights and for any other
purposes for which electricity is required.
A bearing is fixed in the carriage in which the dynamo electric machine is to
be mounted. Upon this bearing the axle of the dynamo electric machine will
revolve. This axle is parallel to the axle of the carriage and is driven from it
receiving motion from the axle of the carriage by endless driving bands passing
around pulleys in the manner shewn on the accompanying plans and hereafter
described. The bearing in which the dynamo electric machine is mounted is
supported by a pair of levers which admits of the axle upon which the upper set of
pulleys revolves being lowered or moved towards the axle of the carriage when it
is not desired to drive the dynamo electric machine and by this means all the
belts are made to fall slack. By lifting the upper axis the belts are again
tightened and if the carriage wheels are revolving the dynamo electric machine is
set in motion. The dynamo electric machine is connected electrically with
accumulators or secondary batteries from which the electricity is drawn as
required for lighting or for signalling or for similar purposes.
The annexed Sheets of Drawings further illustrate our said Invention as applied
to a railway van or carriage. Similar letters of reference indicate the same parts
throughout all the Figures of the Drawings. Figure 1 shews an end clevation in
section of a railway carriage with a dynamo electric machine in situ as hereinafter.
described.
A A A A A is the framework of the railway carriage within which the frame-
work a, a, a, a, of the dynamo electric apparatus is placed. B', B', the axle on
which the wheels C, C, of the carriage are mounted B B2 is an axle parallel to
B¹ B' and fixed in slide guides (shewn by the black dotted lines E E in the frame-
work a, a, a, a, of the dynamo electric apparatus) supported by the framework of
the carriage but attached to and working from the springs on which the carriage
is supported. D¹ D1 and D2 D2 are the pulley wheels, D' D' being attached to the
axle of the carriage B' B' and D° D to the axle B² B². The bands pass round the
two pairs of pulley wheels as shewn by the black lines F F. From the wheels
D D bands G, G, pass direct on to the axis (H H) of the dynamo electric
machine M. The dynamo electric machine M is fixed to the floor of the carriage
resting upon a spring bed of india rubber or other suitable material of an elastic
nature for the purpose of taking off any jar which might arise. N is the secondary
battery or other apparatus for storing the electricity to be obtained from the
dynamo-electric machine. From this wires may be carried for the purpose of
lighting or signalling or other similar purposes. O is the differential brake of
which the side view is shewn in Figure 3. This is acted on by the lever handle L
which lever handle passes into holes R R in the end of the lever of the differential

page_text: brake O best seen in Figure 3 and the cranked ends of the lever L pass through
holes S S in the toggle joint lever shewn in detail at Figure 2 the semi circular
recess of which toggle joint lever receives the pin U on the slide guide in which
the axle B B is mounted. The object of this portion of the apparatus being to
enable the guard at whatever portion of the carriage or van he may happen to be
to tighten or slacken the bands on the dynamo electric apparatus and put on or off
the differential brake and so put in motion or stop the dynamo electric apparatus.
Figure 4 shows an alternative mode of working the dynamo electric machine.
PP are shafts on the upper and lower ends of which are mounted bevil cog wheels
Q3 Q3 Q3 Q³ the two lower of which are geared into the large double bevilled cog
wheels QQ fixed to and revolving with the axle of the carriage. These large
double bevil cog wheels are connected with the upper axle B B by the shafting
PP (on which are universal joints W W) and the small bevil wheels Q3 Q3 Q³ Q³
the two upper of which gear into the smaller double bevil cog wheels QQ
mounted upon the upper axle B2 B3 which is thus made to revolve with the axle
of the carriage and the dynamo is worked by it as herein before described by the
band G.
Having thus obtained and stored electricity by using for its production what
might otherwise be the wasted power of a railway carriage the electricity so stored
may be used for any of the purposes for which electricity is now required that is
-to-say-either-to light-the-train itself.or.make.signals by lighting lamps or otherwise
along the line or in the tunnels.
The Invention is applicable also to carriages or trains running on street railways
or tramways.
Instead of using one dynamo electric machine we may use more than one either
in the same or different carriages or in different parts of the same carriage and
when more than one dynamo electric machine are used the dynamo electric
machines may be connected together or coupled independently of each other to the
secondary batteries. Such an arrangement is shown in Figure 5. Many other
ways of using more than one dynamo electric machine will occur to the mind of
any one practically acquainted with electricity.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention and the means of
performing the same or carrying it into effect we declare that what we claim as
our Invention secured to us by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is
the combination of a dynamo electric machine or dynamo electric machines and
secondary batteries with railway carriages for the purpose of using the power of
such carriages for the generation and storing of electricity in the manner and for
the purposes hereinbefore described and shewn in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof we the said John Evelyn Liardet and Thomas Donnithorne
have hereunto set our hands and seals this Eighth day of June in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
J. EVELYN LIARDET. (L.S.)
THOS, DONNITHORNE. (L.S.)