CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND ALSO IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OB APPARATUS FOR WEAVING THE SAME
Year: 1849

page_text: MASON & COLLIER'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, Jons
MASON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, and
GEORGE COLLIER, of Barnsley, in the County of York, Manager, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-sixth day of March, in the twelfth year of Her
reign, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty.
nine, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Mason and George Collier, Her especial license, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that we, the said John Mason and George Collier,
our exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as we, the said John Mason
and George Collier, our exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND ALSO
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN THE MACHINERY
OB APPARATUS FOR WEAVING THE SAME;" in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso that we, the said John Mason and George Collier, shall

page_text: cause a particular description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE. that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
John Mason and George Collier, do hereby declare that the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the
following explanation thereof (that is to say):-
Firstly, our Invention relates to the machines known as "scutchers,'
"blowers," and "lap" machines, and consists in the novel application,
employment, or use of a presser plate or rod, extending across the width of
the machine, for the purpose of smoothing or condensing the lap, and enabling
such machines to contain a greater quantity or length of lap, and also allowing
the lap to be unwound more freely, the fibres of wool having less tendency
to adhesion.
Secondly, our Invention relates to machinery for preparing wool, and con-
sists in an improvement on those carding engines wherein the wool is fed in
by what is now commonly called the "Patent Feeder," for which Letters
Patent were granted to John George Bodmer, bearing date the Twenty-seventh
day of May, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five, the Specification of
which was duly enrolled. Carding engines with the patent feeder have not
hitherto been generally applied to wool, and we have discovered that by
forming the "dish" as a hollow chest, and introducing heat therein, so as to
heat the wool as it passes between it and the feeding roller, the above descrip-
tion of machinery may be applied more beneficially to the preparation of wool;
and this part of our Invention is also applicable to the other machines used
in the preparation of wool, commonly known as "teazers," "devils," or
openers."
"
Thirdly, our Invention relates to machinery for carding cotton and other
substances, and consists in certain novel arrangementsofapparatus for setting
and adjusting the carding rollers and their clearers nearer to or further from
each other, and near to or further from the main carding cylinder, as occasion
may require; and also in a certain novel construction of the "bends ;" and
also in a certain novel method and arrangement for "doffing" the cotton or
other fibrous material from the main carding cylinder.
Fourthly, our Invention relates to the slubbing and roving frames, and con-
sists, first, in certain apparatus to be applied to the spindles employed in such

page_text: or similar machines for the preparation of cotton, or other fibrous materials, in
order to give greater steadiness to such spindles, and thus enable them to run
at a higher velocity; and, secondly, in a certain novel arrangement of the
spindles and flyers to be employed in such machines, and also in the method of
driving the flyers.
Fifthly, our Invention relates to the "throstle" used for spinning cotton
and other fibrous materials, and consists in a certain novel arrangement of
apparatus for driving or actuating the tin roller employed in such machines for
giving motion to the spindles, whereby we are enabled considerably to reduce
the diameter of such roller, and consequently diminish the friction of the
driving bands upon the wharves, and also to reduce the width of the machines
themselves without increasing the friction of the bands.
Sixthly, our Invention relates to improvements in the preparation of
yarns or threads, and the machinery or apparatus for sizeing or dressing and
warping yarns or threads, and consists; first, in a certain novel construction and
arrangement of machinery or apparatus for sizeing, brushing, drying, and
warping yarns or threads, whereby the yarns or threads may be coiled upon
the recl or swift in the ordinary spiral form; secondly, in a modification of the
above, whereby the yarn may be wound upon the reel or swift in a series of
parallel rings; thirdly, in a certain novel arrangement of apparatus for
scouring, sizing, drying, and warping yarns or threads, whereby the yarn is
wound on to the weaver's beam in sections or divisions, the beam being divided
by means of plates or flanches for that purpose; and, fourthly, in an arrange-
ment of mechanism to be applied to such or similar machines for the purpose
of giving an alarm as soon as any one thread breaks, or from any other cause
is deficient.
Seventhly, our Invention relates to the loom for weaving cotton and other
fibrous materials, and consists, first, in a certain novel and improved method of
fixing the healds or harness, and actuating or working the same; secondly, in
a certain novel arrangement of mechanism for regulating the weight upon the
yarn beam, and decreasing the leverage of the same as the diameter of the
yarn beam itself decreases, and also in a method of "letting off" the yarn;
thirdly,in an arrangement of machinery or apparatus for "taking up" the cloth
ns it is woven; fourthly, in a certain novel arrangement of inechanism for
shedding or dividing the warp threads, so as to produce the pattern required
in looms for weaving fancy or figured goods; fifthly, in a certain self-
acting apparatus for returning the treadles into working position after they
have been lowered, instead of the same being done by hand, or the foot of
the operative, as described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to

page_text: Charles Fitton and George Collier, bearing date the Eleventh day of January,
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight; sixthly, in an improved
method of actuating the "picking sticks" in what are called "under pick "
looms; and, seventhly, in the use and application of gutta percha and its
compounds to certain parts of the machinery and apparatus for preparing
and spinning cotton and other materials.
Such being the nature and object of our several improvements, we will now
proceed to describe the manner of carrying the same into practial effect,
which will be readily perceived by referring to the Drawings accompanying
these Presents and the following explanations thereof :-
In Sheet 1 of the Drawings, Fig. 1 represents a detached sectional view of
the delivering end of a scutcher. a, a, are the ordinary calendar rollers, and b,
the presser plate; c is the lap of cotton, &c. The cotton, spread out in a sheet
as usual, is pulled over the surface of the presser plate b, which should be
placed as close as possible to the bite or nip of the calendering rollers, thus
the cotton, &c. will be condensed in thickness, and be more suitably adapted
for lapping and unlapping as usual.
Fig. 2 represents a longitudinal section of a "condenser" or endless carding
engine, shewing the method of applying heat to the "patent feeder." The
dish a is formed as a hollow chest, in which steam is admitted (to heat the
wool) through the pipe b. The feeding roller c may be an ordinary fluted
roller, weighted as usual, or it may be furnished with cards, in which case
the teeth must be tinned or otherwise prepared, in order to prevent their
becoming corroded by the action of the heat upon the wool. We would here
remark that when the roller is used without cards, steam may be employed in
the feeding roller as well as in the dish, in order to increase the effect, and
more than one roller and dish may be used. It will also be obvious that heat
may be applied by other means than by steam, by hot water for instance.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a condenser or endless carding engine, shewing the
application thereto of our improved method of doffing. The carding engine
has but one doffing cylinder A, A, the rings of cards upon which a, a, are in
an undulating sinuous or zigzag from, instead of being in straight lines at
right angles to the axis of the doffing cylinder, or the rings may be made in
the ordinary way and fixed upon the cylinder in an inclined position, that is,
not at right angles to the axis. By this means we are enabled to take all
the wool, &c. from the main carding cylinder by means of one doffing cylinder
only.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a carding engine, shewing the method of
adjusting the carding rollers and their clearers. It will be observed, the

page_text: roller brackets or fixtures when being set or adjusted, are moved in a turned
slot or groove A, A, which is concentric with the centre of the main carding
cylinder. Thus when adjusting the roller to the clearer, it always preserves
its proper relative distance from the carding cylinder, by moving along the
concentric groove.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the clearer bracket marked B in Fig. 4, in
which arrangement a portion of the flanches outside the groove A, A, as wide
as the bracket, is removed, so that the bracket when being set slides in a
radial direction upon the turned facing of the groove inside the flanches, but
cannot move in a lateral direction. The bracket is raised or lowered by means
of the set screwc (the head of which bears against the concentric flanch & cast
upon the casing) and is made fast when set by means of the bolt c.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the roller bracket marked cin Fig. 4, which is
composed of a socket a flanched to fit the concentric groove A, A, and
bored to receive the ordinary stand and cap b, b, which is screwed in the
swivel nut c. The stand is raised and lowered in the usual manner, and
adjusted to or from the clearer by the means shewn at D in Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the roller and clearer stands marked E in
Fig. 4, which work in the concentric slot Fou a double T-headed bolt; onc
head a of the bolt slides in the concentric groove F, and the other 6 in the
slot of the stand or bracket. c, c, are set screws working against a snug or
projection on the "bend."
Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the roller bracket marked G in Fig. 4, which
is capable of being adjusted in the concentric slot H, H, by means of the screw
1. At the back of the bend (see Fig. 8) is a plate a, a, having flanches b, b,
which are fitted in the groove H, H, and through which the bolts c, c, pass,
thus keeping the bracket always concentric with the main cylinder. The
bracket is capable of being adjusted to or from the cylinder by means of the
screw d bearing against the projecting rim e.
Figs. 9 and 10 shew the method of forming the "bend" for affixing thic
ordinary stands. The method shewn at Fig. 9 shews the top and bottom,
a and b, of the bend, cast with the casing c, the part of the "bend" being
loose and attached by means of the filbow and nute; by this method of forming
the "bend" the working parts are more easily reached to be oiled or adjusted
when necessary.
Fig. 10 shews a bend a cast with the casing end 6 and open from the
inside. This method of forming the bend obviates the liability of the
caseng becoming distorted (by bolting the bend to it) hitherto experienced.
t,fare circular flanches or projectious which may be cast with the casing, and

page_text: turned true, in order to prevent the carded material from flying off at the edge
or ends of the cylinder.
In Sheet 2 of the Drawings, Fig. 1. is an clevation of a slubbing and roving
spindle and flyer, the paris constituting our improvements being shewn in
section. a, a, is the spindle; b, b, the flyer; and c, c, the copping rail; d, d, is a
stationary tube fixed in the copping rail by a nut e, e, and extends upwards
into the interior of the bobbin f,f, which is bored of two diameters for that
purpose. The bobbin at its upper end runs upon the spindle, and is sustained
at its lower end upon the top of the driving pinion, the flanges at the top of
the boss preventing its rubbing on the fixed tube. the tube d, d, is bored to
fit the spindle, but is cast rather larger in the centre, with an opening d' in
order to save boring and friction. I, g, is the boss of the pinion h, which is
reduced in diameter, and is extended upwards for a short space into the
bobbin, as above stated, for the purpose of preventing the bobbin running
in contact with the fixed tube d. This boss g revolves loosely upon the tube
d, d, and carries the bobbin which is driven by means of the spur pinion h.
The spindle and flyer are driven in the ordinary manner.
I
Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modification of the same. a, a, is the spindle;
b, b, the flyer; and c, c, the copping rail. c, d, is the tube which, in this case,
revolves and carries the bobbin e, c, with it, being driven by the askew bevil
pinion. It will be observed that the bottom bearing of tube d, d, is made
conical, in order that the bush g, g, in which it works may be screwed upwards
as it wears slack. The spindle and flyer are to be driven in the usual manner.
Fig. 3, in the same Sheet, represents a front and edge view of our improved
arrangement: f the spindles and flyers, as shewn in the Drawing, to be employed
in slubbing and roving frames, and also our improved method of driving them.
a, a, is the spindle, and b,b,is the flyer, which revolves in a fixed bearing c, c, at
the top of the lower extremities of the arms, being connected by the cross
piece d, d, to the boss e, e, which revolves upon the spindle, being driven by
means of the bevil pinion f. g, g, is the bobbin supported by the collar h,
fixed upon the spindle. It will be observed, that in this case the top and
middle rails i, i, aud k,k, are stationary, and the bottom rail 6, 7, is the copping
rail, the copping being performed by means of the spindle, whilst the flyer
revolves between two fixed rails,the "differential" motion being communicated
to the spindles in consequence of their carrying the bobbins.
Fig. 4, Sheet 2, is an end elevation of a "throstle," or spinning frame,
showing the third part of our improvements applied thereto. a, a, is the
frame of the machine; b, b, are the spindles; c, c, is the tin drum or roller for
driving the same; and c, d, are the driving pullies, which, instead of being

page_text: placed upon the end of the shaft which carries the tin drum or roller c, c, are
placed upon a spindle e, e, mounted in suitable bearings attached to the
framing. There is also another pulley f, of larger diameter, keyed upou the
shafte, e; the driving strap g. 9, which passes over tension pullies h, h, and
around a pulley i, i, of smaller diameter, fixed upon the end of the shaft which
carries the tin drum or roller c, c. By thus gaining speed between the main
driving pullies and the tin roller, we are enabled so to reduce the diameter of
the said roller that the bands h, k, which drive the spindles, shall run nearly
in a straight line from the roller to the wharves of the spindles, and thus
obviate the friction usually experienced by the bands rubbing against the sides
of the flanches of the wharves. We are also enabled to make the "throstle"
narrower without increasing the friction of the spindle bands.
In Sheet 3 of the Drawings, Fig. 1 is a plan view, and Fig. 2 a side
elevation of an improved arrangement of mechanism for sizing, brushing,
drying, and warping yarus or threads, whereby the warp may be coiled on to
the reel or swift in the ordinary spiral form. a, a, is the creel containing the
bobbins or cops of cotton or other fibrous materials, from whence the threads
pass through the reed b, b, and over and under tension rollers c, c, to the
sizing and drying apparatus, of which d, d, is the framing. e, e, are the sizing
rollers, the lower one revolving in a trough f, (charged with size),and bearing
upon friction rollers g, g. h,h, are transverse brushes, mounted upon endless
bands i, i, passing round pullies k, k. The threads are pressed upon the
brushes by the weighted reed 7. The yarn then passes over the drying box.
m, m, the top of which is furnished with slots or openings, through which
air is forced by means of a rotary fan n, n, and, impinging upon the threads,
thus dries them in their passage from the brushes through the lease reed o, o,
to the reel or swift p, p, which is constructed and driven in the ordiuary
manner. It will be perceived that by this apparatus the yarn is coiled on to
the reel or swift in a spiral form, as usual, the swift being turned first in one
direction and then in the other, until a sufficient quantity of yarn has been
wound on.
Fig. 3, on the same Sheet, shews a modification of the above, whereby the
yarn is wound on to the reel or swift p, p, in parallel rings. In this arrange-
ment the reel or swift must be placed upon a railway, so as to be capable of
being moved as occasion may require. The threads, after passing through
the lease reed 0,0, pass through another reed 9, 9, which must contract them
to the width which the rings of warp upon the swift are intended to be. To
the reed 9,9, a ratchet wheel r; r. is attached, which must have as many teeth
as there are coils of yarn to be laid upon the reel, and must be so connected

page_text: to the reel as to take up one tooth upon each revolution of the same. The reed
9, 9: is thus gradually drawn into the diagonal position shewn by the dotted
lines, which will have the effect of laying each succeeding coil of warp narrower
than the last, and thus keep the threads separate, and prevent them from
intermixing. When a sufficient length of warp has been wound on, the
threads must be cut and tied; the reel must then be moved in a trans-
verse direction,and a fresh length of yarn warped out. If thought preferable
so as to save room, the reed may be made to move instead of the swift, and
in either case the swift may have a small apparatus attached to it for ringing
a bell when a sufficient length of yarn is warped out, as shewn in Figs. 1
and 2, the operation of which is so evident as to need no description.
Fig. 4, on the same Sheet, is a section,and Fig. 5 a frout view of an arrange-
ment of mechanism to be used in connection with the preceding or any other
similar machine,and is designed for the purpose of ringing a bell whenever a
thread breaks,or is deficient from any other cause. The apparatus is intended
to be placed immediately in front of the creel, and is represented in the
Drawing about one third the real size, a, a, is the framing of the apparatus,
supporting in suitable bearings the two rails b, b, and c, c, both of which are
capable of vibrating upon their pivots at d, d. e, e, e, e, are small guides,
through the upper eyes ef which the threads pass. These guides extend
across the whole width of the apparatus, which must be of such dimensions as
will allow of there being one guide to every separate thread. These guides
are placed through slots in the upper tranverse rail of the framing, and are
supported in the position shewn in the Drawing by the tension of the threads,
as they pass through them over the tension rods f, f. 9.9, are two rollers, in
order to bring all the threads into a line. The spiral spring h, h, maintains the
rail c, c, in the position shewn in the Drawing, whilst the rail b, b, has a
vibratory motion given to it by means of a lever i, i, to which a wire k, k, is
attached,which may be wrought bya crank, or in any other convenient manner.
The motion of the rail & in the direction of the rail c must be so slight as not
to impart any movement to the rail c, so long as the guides e, e, remain in the
position shewn in the Drawing; but as soon as a thread breaks, or is other-
wise deficient, its corresponding guide will fall, and coming between the two
rails b and c, will cause the motion of the former to be imparted to the latter,
thus ringing the bell Z, and giving notice thereof to the attendant. The
handle m must then be drawn out, bringing the tension rods f, f, into the
position shewn by the dotted lines, and allowing of the thread being fixed up
and passed through the eye of the guide which has fallen. The rods ff, may
then be placed in their previous position. We may here remark, that it will

page_text: be evident that the above apparatus may, if preferred, be easily adapted or
modified so as to throw the driving strap on to the loose pulley, and thus stop
the machine when a thread is deficient. .
pass
In Sheet 4 of the Drawings, Fig. 1 is a plan or horizontal view, and Fig. 2
a side elevation of an arrangement of apparatus for the purpose of scouring,
sizing, drying, and warping yarns or threads, whereby the yarn is wound on to
the weaver's beam in sections or divisions. a, a, is the framing of the machine,
and 6, 6, are the driving pulleys. The threads, as they proceed from the creel,
à first through the reed c, c, and thence between the rollers d, d, into the
scouring cisterns e, e, and subsequently through the washing cistern f, and
between the pressing rollers g, g. h, h, are the sizing rollers, the lower one
revolving in a trough charged with size. The rollers d, d, g, g, and h, h, are
all actuated by the worm gearing i, i, i. k, k, are two steam drying cylinders,
around which the threads pass to the lease reel 7, where the "lease" or cross
is taken. The threads then pass through a narrow reed m, and over the steam
drying cylinder n, on to the beam o. It will be observed, on referring to the
detached view, Fig. 3, that the beam 0, 0, is divided by flanches or plates p, p,
into sections, so that one portion or division of the warp may be wound on at
a time, without interfering with another. 7, 9, is a pressing roller for winding
the yarn evenly and compactly upon the beam. It will be perceived that the
frame,, which carries the beam o, o, is supported upon wheels, and is
capable of being moved transversely upon the rails s, s. Supposing a beam
similar to that shewn in the Drawing, with six sections or divisions, be em-
ployed, then as many bobbins must be placed upon the creel as will form one-
sixth part of the entire warp, and the threads are wound on to the first division
of the beam until a sufficient length to form the warp has been wound on.
The warp is then cut, and the beam being moved transversely the width of
one division on the beam, a second section or division of the warp is wound on,
and so on until the entire six sections or divisions of the warp have been
completed. The beam may then be removed, and another substituted for it.
Instead of the weaver's beam divided into sections, as represented, a short onc
(the length of one section only) may be used.
In Sheet 5 of the Drawing, Fig. 1 represents a side view of our improved
loom for weaving twilled or figured goods. Fig. 2 is a section, and Fig. 3
is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 4 is a back view of the loom, shewing
the method of weighting the yarn beam.
In Sheet 6 of the Drawings, Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a loom for weaving
plain goods. The improvement in the method of fixing the healds or harness
consists in mounting them in frames a, a, whereby the gear for supporting the

page_text: top shafts of the healds is dispensed with. The improved method of con-
necting the treadles to the healds or harness consists in attaching toothed
racks b, b, to the heald frames c, c, with toothed segments d, d (see Fig. 3,
Sheet 5). The method of working the healds in the loom for weaving plain
cloth is shewn in Fig. 1, Sheet 6. The toothed segments d, d, for working
the racks b, b (attached to the heald frames), are mounted upon a transverse
shaft e, at one end of which is keyed a lever f, which is connected to the
lever g by a link h. The lever g has its fulcrum at i, and is furnished with a
small crescent-formed piece, working in the double-grooved cam or volute k
upon the crank shaft of the loom.
The improved method of weighting the yarn beam (see Figs. 2 and 4,
Sheet 5) is as follows:-, l, are the two levers to which the friction belts of
the yarn beam are attached, and which are connected together by the link
m, which supports the lever n. o is a small carriage or fulcrum (with three
pullies) resting upon the lever n, and supporting the lever 1, upon which
the weights are placed. The carriage o is connected by the link to a bell
crank lever r, the other end of which bears against the surface of the
yarn upon the beam. As the diameter of the yarn beam decreases, the lower
end of the bell crank lever r will cause the rod 9 to draw the carriage o
(which acts as a fulcrum to the beam 2 in the direction of the arrow, and
thus diminish the leverage at which the weights are placed.
one at
The method of letting off the yarn is shewn at Fig. 4, Sheet 6, a, a,
being part of the frame of the loom, and b the yarn beam. The back
rail cof the loom is mounted, and swivels upon two centre pins d,
each side of the loom, and upon one of these pins the lever e is fixed. / is a
-weighted lever, having its fulcrum at g. It is connected to the lever e by a
link, and is furnished at the other end with a click h, acting upon a ratchet
wheel. This wheel is keyed upon a shaft k, which is mounted in suitable
bearings, and has at or near its other end a worm 2, engaged with a worm
wheel m, fixed upon the end of the yarn beam. As the lathe or slay "beats
up" the cloth, it pulls the yarn in the direction of the arrow, causing the lever
e to raise the weighted lever f, and as the slay recedes the lever falls. As
more welt is put in, the slay raises the lever higher, until the click takes hold
of a tooth upon the wheel i, and as the slay recedes, and the lever falls, it
causes the worm and wheel m to let off more yarn from the beam b.
The method of taking up the cloth as it is woven is exhibited at Fig. 5,
Sheet 5. is a weighted lever, having its fulcrum at s, and carrying a rail t
which extends across theloom, and is constantly dragging against the outer lap
of the cloth. is a bell crank lever, having its fulcrum atg, and furnished with
a click w, which acts upon the "taking up" wheel x. y is a rod, which is con-

page_text: ·nected at its upper end to the slay sword (see Figs. 2 & 3), and is furnished at its
lower end with a slot working upon a pin zon the lever u. The longer arm of
the bell crank lever is suspended from the lever by the link. As the slay
beats up, the rod y is caused to rise and fall, but as long as the lever remains in
the position shewn in the Drawing it does not communicate motion to the lever
u, on account of the slot and the end of the rod working on the pin z. But as
soon as a sufficient quantity of weft has been put in to allow the weighted end
of the lever to fall, the lever u falls with it, and allows the catch w to take
hold of a fresh tooth upon the taking-up wheel x. The lowering of the lever
u brings the pin z into contact with the bottom of the slot in the rod y, which
then raises the lever 1, thus causing the ratchet w to take up the cloth.
The machine for shedding or dividing the healds in the loom for weaving
figured or fancied goods is shewn attached to the loom in Figs. 1, 2, and 3,
Sheet 5, and a side view and section of the same detached is exhibited upon a
larger scale in Figs. 2 and 3, Sheet 6. A is an excentrix fixed upon the crank
shaft, and connected to the bell crank lever B by the rod C. The lever B works
the lever D by being jointed to it at E. These levers Band D raise and depress
the treadles c, c, so as to shed or divide the warp according to the pattern by
means of the hooks F, F. These hooks are connected to the springs G, G, by
the transverse wires H, H, and vibrate upon pins I, I. Attached to the
treadles K, K, is the cylinder, over which the chain L for working the pattern
passes, and M is a star wheel upon the end thereof, which is caused to move
one eighth part of a revolution at each revolution of the crank shaft, so as to
present a fresh "lag" of the machine to the springs G, G. At each revolu-
tion of the crank shaft, as many pegs as there are in this lag, so many of the
springs G, G, will be forced outwards, the others bearing against the cylinder,
thus bringing their corresponding hooks F, F, into the proper position to be
taken hold of by the levers D or B. The levers D and B then advance, and
all those hooks which were thrown out by the pegs upon the lag are raised by
the lever 1), and the remainder are depressed by the lever B, their corre-
sponding treadles c, c, being of course raised or depressed with them. The
small catches N,N, retain the treadles in this position, and thus keep the shed
open whilst the shuttle is passing over. At the time that the shuttle ispassing
through the shed, the star wheel is turned an eighth of a revolution, thus
presenting a fresh set of pins to the springs G, G, which, by their elasticity,
will allow of the change being made in the position of the hooks F, F, without
releasing the catches N,N. As soon as the shuttle has completed its race, the
wedge O (see Sheet 5; Fig. 2 and 3) is advanced, by means of the rod P and
bell crank lever Q, and coming between the reverse ends of the treadles c, c,
on the end of which are the pullies c*, cx, between which the wedge enters

page_text: and
open
them a little wider, and releases the catches N, N, when the opera-
tion proceeds as before. Thus it will be evident that the change in the position
of the hooks is effected whilst the shed is open and the shuttle is passing
across, and as soon as the pick is made the healds pass from one full shed to
another without dwelling, whilst the warp is level, to make the change, as
hitherto practised, thereby effecting a great economy in time, also allowing of
any of the treadles remaining in one position during any requisite number of
picks, instead of rising and falling unnecessarily, as they do at present, and
enabling the loom to be driven much quicker with equal safety. This arrange-
ment is particularly applicable where a cross shed is wanted, that is, where,
after the shuttle has passed across, the next shed is made before the weft is
beaten up. This machine may be employed without the catches N, N, and
will work quicker and safer by making the wedge O longer. The hooks F, F,
in this instance are only required to carry the healds from a full shed a little
past the centre. The wedge O is is then advanced, thus finishing the shed, and
leaving the hooks at liberty to make the next change.
Figs. 5 and 6, Sheet 6, shew the improved method of working the picking
sticks in under pick looms. 1 is the crank shaft of the loom, and 2, 2, is the
fly wheel. 3 is a pulley or bowl mounted thercon, which acts against the lever
4. This lever has its fulcrum at 5, above the point where the impulse is
given, and is placed on the opposite side of the crank shaft, so that the bowl
strikes upwards, and this obviates the liability of the pin (upon which the lever
vibrates) being broken by the blow, and requires less power. The levers 4 are
connected at the lower end to the picking sticks 6, 6, by the straps 7, 7,
passing around the segment pullies S, S, as usual. The levers 4, 4, are
brought alternately into gear with their respective bowls, so as to pick first
upon one side of the loom and then on the other, by means of a cam 9, driven
by a pair of spur wheels 9*, from the crank shaft, and acting against one end
of a lever 10, the other end of which is connected to the rod 11, extending
across the loom, and connecting the bosses of the two levers 4, 4, together.
The method of bringing the treadles again intoworking position byself-acting
means, after they have been lowered from their tappets in order to bring the
warp level, is shewn in Sheet 5, Fig. 6. In weaving twills, the treadles,
after having been lowered for taking up the threads when broken, have to be
raised again, either by the hand or foot of the operater; but by our Invention
this is effected by mechanical means. For this purpose we place another
tappet a, a, upon the tappet shaft b, and employ a lever c, c, which, as soon as
the looms begins to move, raises the treadles c, d, into working position with
the tappets e, c. In the arrangement above described, and shewn in the
Drawings, the self-acting apparatus arises the heel.of the treadles; but it will

page_text: be obvious that the same effect may be produced by raising the jacks or
pullies above the treadles.
The
The part of our Invention relating to the application of gutta percha or its
compounds is as follows:-We employ gutta percha for coating or covering
cylinders, doffers, rollers, clearers, and "fancies," used in carding engines,
breakers, finishers, scribblers, and other machines usually employed in such
operations. This substance or its compounds may be put upon the surface of
the cylinders, either in a state of solution, or in a plastic state, or as sheets,
according to the material employed in and the construction of the cylinders.
The cylinder may be corrugated or perforated at its surface, so that the gutta
percha or its compounds, when put upon it, will have a secure holding;
or the cylinder may be covered with strips, bars, or rods of iron or other
materials, left a little apart, so that the gutta percha or its compounds,
when put on, may fill up the spaces and cause it to hold fast.
sheets or filletting of cards upon the cylinders covered with gutta percha
or its compounds may be fastened in the usual way with nails or tacks,
or by a solution of gutta percha applied between the back of the cards and
the cylinders. In the latter case the coating or covering on the surface of the
cylinders would not be required so thick as when tacks are used, in which
case the coating or covering should be about three eighths of an inch thick,
or according to the length of the tacks used in nailing the cards on. Gutta
percha or its compounds may be applied to cast-iron cylinders in lieu of paint,
cloth, &c. for the better preservation of the wire in the back of the cards, and
to form a better bed than the iron for the wire to rest upon. A coating of
gutta percha or its compounds may also be applied to cylinders of wood.
Having thus described the nature and object of our several improvements,
together with the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, we would
remark, in conclusion, that we claim as our Invention,―
First, as an improvement in the machine known as scutchers, blowers, and
lap machines, a presser plate or rod for the purpose of condensing the lap
previously to its being wound on the lap roller.
Secondly,asan improvement in machinery for preparing wool, the construct-
ing the aforesaid" patent feeder" as a hollow steam chest, or in such manner
as that heat may be applied from the dish of the patent feeder to the wool in
the course of preparation, whether the feeding roller also be heated or not.
Thirdly, we claim the arrangements of mechanism as exhibited in the
Drawings, and above described, for setting or adjusting the carding rollers and
clearers nearer to or further from each other, and nearer to or further from the
main carding cylinder, as occasion may require.

page_text: .
Fourthly, we claim the forming and constructing the bend and end
casing in one piece, as above described and represented.
Fifthly, we claim the improvement in "endless" carding engines by
arranging the cards upon one doffing cylinder in sinuous, undulating, zigzag,
or inclined lines, as above represented and described, for doffing the materials
from the main carding cylinder.
Sixthly, we claim as improvements in slubbing and roving frames, the com-
bining bobbins driven by toothed gearing with tubes in their interior either
stationary or revolving, constructed and arranged as above described and
represented in the Drawings.
Seventhly, we claim as an improvement in slubbing and roving frames, two
rows of spindles on one side of the machine only, with flyers revolving between
two fixed rails, and driven by bevil gearing, combined and arranged as above
described and represented.
Eighthly,weclaim as an improvement in spinning machinery,the driving the
tin driving or band roller, by having an accelerating motion between it and
the main driving pullies, and thereby reducing the diameter of the said band
or driving roller, for the purpose above specified, and the width of the throstle
frame itself.
Ninthly as regards the machinery for dressing and warping yarns, we claim
the construction and arrangement of apparatus shewn in Sheet 3 of the Draw-
ings, for sizing,brushing,drying,and warping yarns or threads, whether wound
on to 'the swift or reel in the ordinary spiral form or in parallel rings.
Tenthly, we claim theconstruction and arrangement of apparatus, shewn in
Sheet of the Drawings, for scouring, sizing, drying, and warping yarns or
threads, whereby the yarn is warped on to the weaver's beam in sections, such
beam being constructed with flanches or divisions thereon, for the purpose
above specified.
Eleventhly, we claim the arrangement of apparatus for giving notice,ringing
a bell, or stopping the machine by throwing off the driving strap, when a
thread breaks or is otherwise deficient.
Twelfthly, we claim as an improvement in the loom for weaving, the fixing
the healds by placing them in a frame as above described.
Thirteenthly, we claim as an improvement in the loom, the connecting the
treadles to the said frames or harness by means of toothed racks actuated by
segments, as above described.
Fourteenthly, we claim as an improvement in the loon, the regulating the
weight or friction upon the yarn beam as its diameter decreases, by suitably
shifting the fulcrum of the weighted lever p, as represented and described.

page_text: Fifteenthly, we claim as an improvement in looms, the "letting off" the
yarn at a uniform tension, by means of a weighted lever actuated as described
and shewn in the accompanying Drawings; and also the taking up of the
clotb at a uniform tension by means of apparatus similarly arranged and
actuated.
Sixteenthly, we claim as an improvement in the loom, the subjecting the cloth
to a uniform tension by means of a weighted lever in combination with the
taking-up motion, as above described.
.
Seventeenthly, we claim as an improvement in looms, the shedding or
dividing the warp in looms for weaving figured goods, in such manner as that
the change in the pattern may be effected whilst the shed is open and the
treadles pass from one full shed to another without any dwell.
Eighteenthly, we claim as an improvement the actuating the picking sticks
in under-pick looms by means of a lever on the back side of the crank, sus-
pended at its upper part, and receiving motion at or near its centre, as above
described and represented.
Nineteenthly, we claim as an improvement in looms, the raising the treadles
after being lowered by self-acting apparatus, as above described.
Twentiethly, we claim the coating and covering with gutta percha and its
compounds, cylinders upon which cards are to be fixed and employed for
preparing cotton and other fibrous substances for spinning.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Mason and George Collier, have
hereunto have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twenty-fifth day
of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
forty-nine.
JOHN (L.s.) MASON. GEORGE (L.s.) COLLIER.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fifth day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid John Mason and George Collier
came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged
the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and
specified, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
aned according to the toner of the Stab