IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING CERTAIN OXYDES OF IRON FO ...., AND FOR APPARATUS TO BE USEDRE
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Gilbert. Martien, of Newark, New Jersey, i
the United States of America, but now residing in London, for th
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING CERTAIN OXYDES OF IRON FO
....1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Gilbert Martien at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd August 1855.
I, JOSEPH GILBERT MARTIEN, of Newark, New Jersey, in the United States
of America, but now residing in London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING CERTAIN OXYDES OF IRON FOR
USE, AND FOR APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN," to be as follows; and consists in
a new process of purifying, and oxydising, and also granulating iron slags or
cinders which are made in the manufacture of wrought iron, either direct
from the ore, or from carburet or cast iron; also cinders made in the refining
of pig iron, which are generally known as puddling cinder, boiling cinder, ball-
ing cinder, heating furnace cinder, welding furnace cinder, squeezer cinder,
hammer cinder, roll, cinder, finery or run out fire cinder, and Catalin forge
cinder. The above-named. cinders are generally rich in iron, but contain much
of the impurities of the iron from which they were made, that is to say, the

page_text: cinders are principally a protoxyd of iron combined with much silex and other
earthy matter, and also very generally sulphur and phosphorus, forming a close
and firm mechanical & chemical compound.
It is very desirable, in order to work the said cinders profitably, and make
a good quality of iron from them, to break up as much as possible the
chemical and mechanical combination of the silex and other earthy matter,
and to dissipate the sulphur and phosphorous, and convert the protoxyd into
peroxyd, and the compact compound into comparatively a porous and more or
less granular form. The above combination being broken up, the protoxyd
being converted into peroxyd, and purified of its sulphur and phosphorus, and
in a comparatively porous state, and more or less granulated, is then in a
better state to be converted into iron, and of more value than most iron
ores in use.
These results are accomplished by converting the cinder into a pasty or fluid
state, by the application of heat in a reverberatory or other furnace, and sub-
jected to the action of atmospheric air (by natural or mechanical pressure)
either cold or heated while being melted, and after being melted or in the
pasty and fluid state; and not only for the purpose of oxydation of the material,
but for uniting with the carbonic oxyd and sulpherated hydrogen, other gases
produced in heating and manipulating the same, thereby causing a more per-
fcct combustion. The said fluid or pasty mass is also subjected to injections of
water or steam on, in, through, and amongst it, and which may be applied in
various ways. The steam may be used in a heated state by exposing it to heat
in pipes or otherwise, or as it ordinarily comes from the steam boiler. The
said pasty or fluid mass is cooled and granulated by means of water in a recep-
tacle or trough of an oblong or any other convenient shape, which may be
admitted before or immediately after the said mass has been conducted therein.
This last-mentioned process is for the purpose of more fully obtaining the
object of the Invention, and also for converting the mass into a granular form
to a greater or less extent, as may be desired. In the bottom of the said
trough may be inserted or cast small vertical spikes of a desired length; also
the said trough may have partitions of a desired height, perforated with holes,
or any other similar device that may accomplish granulation in the process of
cooling the pasty or fluid mass. It is, however, preferable to use a trough with
a double or false bottom, with a space between the two bottoms for the admis-
sion of water. In the upper bottom I insert vertically small tubes of a conical
form, perforated with small holes, these tubes to be of a length and size to
suit the trough, and the amount of pasty or fluid mass to be conveyed therein
at one time; the water to be admitted between the two bottoms with suffi-

page_text: cient pressure that it shall penetrate (through the small holes) every part of the
pasty or melted mass. This part of the Invention, for cooling, or cooling and
granulating molten cinder by means of water and an auxiliary, as set forth, is
applicable to cinders as they are directly drawn or tapped from furnaces used
in converting and manufacturing wrought iron, as well as cinders made by the
process of refining pig iron, as aforesaid. Such treatment would have a
tendency to throw off a portion of the sulphur, &c., and also partially break up
to some degree the compact and otherwise firm compound. The cinder would
then be in a better condition to be operated upon in the oxydizing and refining
furnace. If the cinder be first granulated as it comes from the iron from
which it was made, by the means as herein set forth, or by any other means
substantially the same, it may then be treated in a reverberatory furnace by
exposure to heat, not sufficient, however, to melt the granular mass, if it be
desired to oxydise it in the granular form, and subjected to the action of
atmospheric air (by natural or mechanical pressure), either cold or heated,
for the same purpose as before mentioned, and also subjected to injections of
water or steam, in the same manner and for the purpose as before mentioned.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Gilbert Martien in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 23rd February 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
GILBERT MARTIEN, of Newark, New Jersey, in the United States of America,
but now residing in London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Joseph Gilbert Martien, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph
Gilbert Martien, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Joseph Gilbert Martien, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PREPARING CERTAIN OXYDES OF IRON FOR USE, AND FOR APPARATUS
TO BE USED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said

page_text: Joseph Gilbert Martien, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Gilbert Martien, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:
:
:
It is well known that certain oxides of iron, such as the cinders froin
furnaces employed in puddling, refining, heating; and welding iron; also the
cinders from the processes of squeezing, rolling, and 'hammering iron; also the
cinders produced in the manufacture of iron by the Catalan furnace, or in fur-
naces for making wrought iron direct from the ore, as the Renton furnace,
have been or may be used in the crude state in the manufacture of iron.
Now, my improvements consist in subjecting such descriptions of oxides of
iron to the purifying process hereafter described, before using them in the
manufacture of iron; and my Invention also consists in improvements in the
apparatus used in such process of purifying the cinders or oxides. For these
purposes the oxides or cinders are first subjected to heat in a reverberatory or
other suitable furnace (& by preference in a reverberatory furnace, such as 'is
hereafter described,) in order to melt the same; they are then' subjected, as
hereafter explained, to the action of streams of atmospheric air, forced into
& amongst the melted mass by suitable blowing apparatus, and the melted
mass is also subjected to the action of streams of steam passed into and
amongst it, or to water forced into & amongst the melted. mass, by which much
of the impurities chemically & mechanically combined will be seperated, &
the oxides or cinders rendered more beneficially useful for the manufacture of
iron therefrom.
:
73
In the annexed Drawings, Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section. of suitable
apparatus, constructed according to the second part of my Invention; for carry-
ing out most advantageously the first part of my improvements; Fig. 3 is a
plan in section; Fig. 4 is a plan of the apparatus; Fig. 2 is a transverse
section thereof; & Figs. 5 & 6 show sections, on a larger scale, of the form of
tubes used for introducing the streams of air and, steam, into and amongst the
melted mass of cinders or oxides of iron. The apparatus or furnace shown. is
of the reverberatory kind; it has its fire at, A, the heat of which. passing
upwards over the bridge B, and, is reverberated down on to the mass. of oxide.
or cinder contained in the lower bed C; the heat then passes over and heats

page_text: the mass of oxides or cinders on the upper bed D, in order to prepare the
oxides or cinders before raking them on. to the lower bed to be fused & puri-
fied. The upper bed D is from time: to time supplied with crude cinders or
oxides through the hopper E; the 'hopper at other times being closed...The
heat & products from the. fire. and from the oxides or cinders pass off to the
chimney F: Atmospheric air or steam is to be introduced through tubes or
openings below the mass of cinders or oxides in any convenient manner. The
tubular apparatus shown is that which I prefer; and the same is so'arranged that
water may circulate down and then up again through an outer casing or tube
to each of the air and steam supplying-pipes.or: tubes. The tubular apparatus
for this purpose is arranged to be raised and lowered, or the tubes' may be
fixtures through the furnace, so as to conduct the air or steam below the
melted matters. "e is a fixed pipe; d is a pipe sliding in the pipe e, it being
properly rendered steam and air tight, as is well understood, but not shown
in the Drawing. a is a rectangular hollow frame or box, fixed at the lower
end of the pipe d, divided into twoi.compartments a and b, and arranged 'to be
raised or lowered by the lever f and the links f, a rectangular guide frame i; iļ
being, used to guide the hollow frame a; 6; in the movement up and down'; c,'c,
are the outer tubes or cases to the tubes descending from the compartment 'a:
The outer casings c,'c, may be arranged in combination with the compartment
6 in such manner, that water' may descend down one or more channels formed
in the casings, and up again through other channels formed between the two
tubes by dividing the space between them, and also by dividing the interior of
the compartiment b by, partitions, one between each two: tubes c, so that the
water passed into the compartment 6 at one or more places under pressure,"
may descend and ascend in each pipe c in succession, and constantly flow away
from the compartment 6, by which means the tubes supplying air or steam will
be kept from injury; and when pipes are fixed through the sides or other
parts of a furnace, similar provision is made for keeping them from becoming
too highly heated: The Drawing partly shows tubes--as well as moveable
tubes c; but the two arrangements(will not be desirable in the same furnace.
H is an adjustable door and working hole; I is the tap hole:
I would remark that I am aware that it has before been proposed to intro-
duce steam by an apparatus consisting of rising & falling tubes, somewhat
similar to those above described (but not provided with means for circulating
water, nor for distributing the steam simultaneously through the molten metal),
to act on iron when undergoing the puddling process; and after a charge of
iron has been withdrawn, it has been proposed to reduce the temperature of
the cinder resulting from the charge, and to apply steam to produce a pasty

page_text: mass to repair the bed of the puddling furnace; & it has also been proposed
to employ steam in refinery furnaces, to improve the process of refining the
iron therein, by forcing the steam through apertures, the same as blast. And
I mention these facts in order to state that I do not claim the introduction of
streams of steam or water into puddling or other furnaces to act on iron
puddled or refined therein, or on the cinder resulting therefrom, in the manner
heretofore proposed..
In carrying out the first part of my Invention, a charge of cinder or oxides
is to be heated & fused in a suitable apparatus, preferring the apparatus above
described, and then I cause air to be mechanically forced through the tubes
into and amongst the melted mass, or I cause steam to flow through the same,
or in place of air or steam smaller streams of water may be forced into &
amongst the melted mass. This process requires about thirty minutes, after
which it is to be discharged through the tap hole I. The resulting product
will, when run from the furnace and cooled, be peroxide of iron, & generally in
a porous and spongy state, and more suitable to be used in the ordinary manu-
facture of iron when using cinders or oxides of iron, than when using such
matters in the crude state, as heretofore. In place of allowing the fluid mass
after it has been run off from the furnace to cool as a mass, it may be run into
a receptacle, and have streams of water or steam passed through and amongst
it, which will aid in granulating the matters and keeping them porous.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Gilbert Martien, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
JOHN AVERY, Patent Agent,
32, Essex Street, Strand, London.
J. G. MARTIEN. (L.S.)