IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORCING AND DRAWING FLUIDS AND Lraming
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Chatwood, of Bolton, in the County
of Lancaster, Safe and Lock Engineer, and Thomas Sturgeon, of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORCING AND DRAWING FLUIDS AND
Lraming"
Scaled the 20th May 1870, and dated the 24th November 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Chatwood and
Thomas Sturgeon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21th November 1869.
We, SAMUEL CHATWOOD, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Safe and Lock Engineer, and TпOMAS STURGEON, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORCING AND DRAWING
FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
The first of these improved arrangements consists of a cylindrical
chamber in which two arms or vanes revolve round the same axis, but
independently of one another. These arms or vanes do not travel round

page_text: at one uniform speed, but they have a motion imparted to them which
is quick in one part of the revolution and slow in another part, and the
gearing is so arranged that one of these arms shall be travelling at its
quickest speed while the other is at its slowest speed. The effect of
this motion is that up to a certain point one of the arms is constantly
gaining on the other, and thus decreasing the space between them
on one side and increasing it on the other side. Suitable openings
are formed at certain positions in the cylindrical chamber, and the
necessary consequence of the peculiar motion imparted to the arms or
vanes is that the fluid ar liquid is forced out through one of these
openings and drawn through the other; and this effect is constantly
going on, for as each arm in turn approaches the position in which it
moves slowest the other is constantly gaining speed.
One convenient arrangement of mechanism for imparting the requisite
motion to the arms consists of elliptical spur wheels, the difference in
the diameters of which cause them to travel faster in one portion of
their revolution than in another. This, however, is not the only
mechanism by which this motion may be obtained. In order that the
moving parts of this apparatus may run the more easily we prefer to
have the axis round which the arms travel in a vertical position.
Although we prefer to use only two arms a greater number might be
used with corresponding openings for the ingress and egress of the fluid
or liquid.
In the next place our improvements consist in the use of the following
arrangement-Inside a chamber which forms a portion of a cylinder is
a shaft carrying an arm to which a swinging motion is imparted by
means of ordinary mechanism. The arm is so arranged as to divide the
chamber into two portions, each of which is provided with an outlet
valve, and the chamber is also provided with an opening so that as the
arm swings backwards and forwards, one or other portion of it becomes
filled with the fluid or liquid, which is then forced out through the outlet
valve by the further motion of the arm.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Chatwood and Thomas Sturgeon in the Great
Scal Patent Office on the 23rd May 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMUEL
CHATWOOD, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Safe and Lock
Engineer, and THOMAS STURGEON, of the same Place, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Samuel Chatwood and Thomas Sturgeon,
Her special licence that we, the said Samuel Chatwood and Thomas.
Sturgeon, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Samuel Chatwood and Thomas Sturgeon, our executors,.
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR FORGING AND DRAWING FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Samuel Chatwood and Thomas Sturgeon, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or'
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and'
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Samuel Chatwood and Thomas,
Sturgeon, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in.
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described,
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The first of these improved arrangements consists of a cylindrical.
chamber in which two arms or vanes revolve round the same axis but:
independently of one another. These arms or vanes do not travel round.
at one uniform speed, but they have a motion imparted to them which,
is quick in one part of the revolution and slow in another part, and the.

page_text: gearing is so arranged that one of these arms shall be travelling at its
quickest speed while the other is at its slowest speed. The effect of this
motion is that up to a certain point one of the arms is constantly gaining
on the other, and thus decreasing the space between them on one side
and increasing it on the other side. Suitable openings are formed at
certain positions in the cylindrical chamber, and the necessary con-
sequence of the peculiar motion imparted to the arms or vanes is that
the fluid or liquid is forced out through one of these openings and drawn
'through the other, and this effect is constantly going on, for as each arm
in turn approaches the position in which it moves slowest the other is
constantly gaining speed.
One convenient arrangement of mechanism for imparting the necessary
motion to the arms consists of elliptical spur wheels, the difference in
the diameters of which causes them to travel faster in one portion of
their revolution than in another. This, however, is not the only
mechanism by which this motion may be obtained.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section,
Fig. 2 a side view, and Fig. 3 a front view partly in section of a
machine for forcing air or other fluid made in accordance with this part
of our Invention. The same letters refer to the same parts in these
Figures.
A, A, is the cylindrical chamber; B is one of the arms, and C is the
other arm. The arm B is keyed to the shaft D, the elliptical wheel E
being keyed on the same shaft. The elliptical wheel F is keyed on to
the tube G which forms a portion of the arm C. The slïaft D passes
through the tube G, within which it runs loose, so that both arms are
independent of one another, but revolve round the same centre. The
elliptical wheels E and F are actuated by similar wheels on the driving
shaft H. The driving pulley is shewn at I. The opening at K admits
the air, and we prefer to protect this opening by a wire screen to prevent
solid matter from being drawn in; L is the outlet. In this machine.
each of the arms consists of two cast-iron frames with their bosses, one
of which is shewn at B', these frames being filled round with wood to
make up the space between them. Machines for raising and forcing
liquids may be made upon this principle, the obvious necessary modi-
fications being of course introduced. Balance weights may be employed
so as to balance the weight of the arms. In order that the moving parts
of this apparatus may run the more easily we prefer to have the axis

page_text: round which the arms travel in a vertical position. A machine of this
description is shewn in Fig. 4. A, A, is the cylindrical chamber; B, the
inlet opening; C, the outlet; D is the driving shaft, from which the
motion is communicated through the bevil gear E to the elliptical
wheels F, F, the rest of the machine being just similar to that already
described. Although we prefer to use only two arms a greater number
might be used with corresponding openings for the ingress or egress of
the fluid or liquid.
In the next place our improvements consist in the use of the following
arrangement:-Inside a chamber which forms a portion of a cylinder
is a shaft carrying an arm to which a swinging motion is imparted by
means of ordinary mechanism. The arm is so arranged as to divide the
chamber into two portions, each of which is provided with an outlet
valve, and the chamber is also. provided with an opening so that as the
arm swings backwards and forwards one or other portion of it becomes
filled with the fluid or liquid, which is then forced out through the
outlet valve by the further motion of the arm. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal
section of a machine made in accordance with this part of our Invention.
A is the driving shaft, carrying crank B which is connected to a crank.
keyed on end of shaft D, which also carries two cast-iron frames, one of
which is shewn at E. These frames are filled round with wood, as shown
at F, F, so as to divide the chamber G into two compartments. The
crank B is of shorter throw than the crank on the end of the shaft D
to which it consequently imparts a swinging motion, and at each swing
of the arm the air is forced out at one or other portion of the chamber
through one of the outlet valves H, H. The air enters at the opening I
which may be furnished with a wire screen to prevent anything solid
entering and thus injuring the machine. K, K, are small valves which
by opening prevent a vacuum from being created, and the resistance
being thus increased by the pressure of the atmosphere; L is a safety
valve, which can be weighted according to the pressure it is desired
to attain.
This machine may also be used for exhausting air and other fluids, and
with the necessary modifications a machine might be made on the same
principle for raising and forcing liquids.
In Fig. 6 we shew a section of a small hand pump made according to
our Invention. A is the body of the numn B is the axis unon which

page_text: the arm C and the handle D are fixed; E is the suction pipe, and F the
suction valve; G is the valve in the arm; H is the spout.
In witness whereof, we, the said Samuel Chatwood and Thomas
Sturgeon, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth
day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy.
SAMUEL CHATWOOD. (L.S.)
THOMAS STURGEON. (L.S.)
SAMUEL CHATWOOD. (L.S.)
THOMAS STURGEON. (L.S.)