Improvements in Lock-nuts or Means of Preventing the Unscrewing of Threaded Parts and the like and in the Manufacture of the same.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Feb.,
1090
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Nov., 1898-Accepted, 18th Feb.,
1899
Date of Application, 22nd rep., Toy0
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Nov., 1898-Accepted, 18th Feb., 1899
Improvements in Lock-nuts or Means of Preventing the Unscrewing
of Threaded Parts and the like and in the Manufacture of the same.
I, EDGAR ALFRED GODDIN, of 138, Brooke Road, Stoke Newington, London, N.,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in. lock-nuts and the like of the kind
described in Patent No. 1930 of 1896, which consist essentially of two or more
uniformly threaded anuular parts united axially by one or more elastic mem-
branes or spring parts, the said threaded parts being of such a distance from each
other as to cause the threads of adjacent parts to be non-continuous.
The object of the present invention is to produce a lock-nut having substantially
the same peculiarities but so modified as to facilitate its manufacture.
My improvements consist in forming one or more annular spring parts between
the uniformly threaded portions of the nut by longitudinally compressing one or
more hollow necks with which the blank is provided.
'
The blank, which may be produced by forging, drawing, rolling
the metal on a mandrel or otherwise between suitable torming surfaces, or
by a process combining any or all of the foregoing methods, or
by any well known or other suitable means, consists of two or more annular
portions (which are ultimately to be screw-threaded) of square, hexagonal,
circular or other suitable external form which are connected to each other by
means of one or more hollow necks formed integrally with them in such a manner
that the bores of all the parts form one continuous hole which may be of sub-
stantially uniform diameter.
The blank, while hot or of a suitable temperature, is then placed on a mandrel
and compressed longitudinally so as to cause the hollow neck to bulge out and
form an annular corrugation.
I may employ means to prevent the internal annular space on the concave side
of the corrugation from being entirely closed by the compressing operation, by
pumping a suitable fused metal, fluid, or gas into this space through a port or
duct in the mandrel.
Or the mandrel may be divided and the parts adapted to move together at the
proper time so as to force a suitable substance or gas into this space; for instance,
the lower part of the "divided mandrel" may be carried by a plunger which,
when pressure is applied by the upper part to the blank located between them,
is forced into a closed vessel containing a suitable molten metal which (molten
metal) would then be forced through a hole, (in the said plunger and lower part)
into the space between the said parts of the "divided mandrel" so as to, as it
were, blow out the confining walls.
In such a case, suitable means would be provided:-to maintain the molten
condition of the metal, such as-a Bunsen burner; to preserve the level of such
molten metal, such as-displacers which may consist of plugs adapted to be
gradually inserted into the said closed vessel to take the place of any metal that

page_text: might be lost; and, to insure the rising of the said plunger when the upper part
of the "divided mandrel," which is provided with a suitable shoulder, rises, such
as counter-balance weights and levers.
It will however be understood that any or all of the details referred to in the
preceeding paragraph may be omitted, modified or equivalent means adapted.
The developed blank will then be screw-threaded in the usual or any other well
known or suitable manner, after which the now uniformly threaded annular por-
tions will be pressed slightly nearer to each other.
In order to simplify the form of the original blank, it may consist of only one
annular portion, substantially like an ordinary nut blank but provided with a
tubular projection extending axially from one or both its faces.
In developing such a blank the outer ends of the tubular projections would be
prevented from being expanded during the longitudinal compression by a suitable
embracing ring or rings formed on or applied to the cooperating part of the press,
which ring would enclose the tube for the required distance, while the substance
forced into the space enclosed by the remainder of the tube would "blow" it out
so as to form an internal annular space and at the same time draw out the walls
of this part to a suitable thinness."
It is obvious that the ends of tubes or other parts having tube like projections
may in like manner be provided with annular spring parts so located as to divide
into two or more zones the part which is or is to be screwthreaded, such thread,
though uniform being so applied or afterwards manipulated as to be out of pitch
with the adjacent zone or zones, as herein before referred to and more particularly
described in Patent No. 1930 of 1896.
It is also obvious that these improvements may be applied to parts that are
not screw threaded but provided with analogous means of attachment:-such as
pins co-operating with one or more helical grooves; or other like mechanical
equivalents.
As these improvements are susceptible of numerous modifications I wish it to
be understood that I do not confine myself to any details herein set forth.
1
. 00.J
f
1900
EDGAR A GODDIN,
Applicant.
Improvements in Lock-nuts or Means of Preventing the Unscrewing
of Threaded Parts and the like and in the Manufacture of the same.
I, EDGAR ALFRED GODDIN, of 138, Brooke Road, Stoke Newington, London, N.,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in locknuts and the like of the kind
described in Patent No. 1930 of A.D. 1896, which consists essentially of two or
more uniformly threaded sections or zones united axially by one or more elastic
membranes or spring parts, the said threaded parts being so arranged as to cause
the threads of adjacent sections or zones to be non-continuous.
The object of the present invention is to produce a locknut or other like part
having substantially the same peculiarities as the invention hereinbefore referred
to, but so modified as to facilitate its manufacture.
My improvements consist in forming the annular spring part or parts between
the uniformly threaded sections or zones of the nut or other like part, by longi-

page_text: tudinally compressing one or more hollow necks or tubular projections formed
axially on the blank, before the said nut or the like is screw-threaded; and, in
like manner tubes and other tubular parts may be provided with annular spring
parts at those points which are to be screw-threaded or provided with analogous
means of attachment.
In carrying out my invention, the blank, which may be produced by forging,
drawing, rolling the metal on a mandrel or otherwise between suitable forming
surfaces, or by any wellknown or other suitable means, is placed on a mandrel
and subjected, while hot or of a suitable temperature, to longitudinal pressure
whereby the tubular portion is bulged outwardly so as to form an annular
corrugation.
According to another method, the blank is placed between short studs provided
with suitable shoulders and subjected while hot or of a suitable temperature, to
similar treatment with the advantage that the air confined inside the blank is,
on being compressed by the operation, caused to exert an outward pressure at
the point where it is desired to form the bulge or annular corrugation.
This last result is attained in a more pronounced degree by forcing a suitable
gas, fluid or other suitable substance into the blank so as to produce a considerable
pressure in an outward direction at the point where it is desired to form the
annular corrugation or bulge.
This is effected by providing one (or both) of the studs with a duct or channel,
while the stud itself forms part of the plunger or cylinder of a pump, which parts
are forced the one within the other when pressure is applied so as to displace
the contained air, fluid or the like, (or some of it) and force it through the said
duct or channel into the blank, to which the requisite internal pressure is applied.
In some cases one or both the studs are provided with shoulders having suitable
annular recesses into which the tubular portion of a blank or the like is adapted
to partly enter for the purpose of effectually resisting the outward pressure at
that part or parts where it is desired to preserve a cylindrical form. By these
means, supplemented by an enclosing sleeve, which may be split and held together
by suitable means, tubes of considerable length may be treated.
I will now more particularly describe my invention with the aid of the accom-
panying drawings, in which like letters refer to corresponding parts throughout:-
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are vertical sections showing various means of carrying
out my invention and Fig. 6 shows a nut embodying my said improvements.
a, represents a nut blank, which, in Figs. 1, 2 & 3 consists of two sections or
zones a¹ and a², (which are ultimately to be screw-threaded) having a tubular
neck, a between them, while the blank, a*, shown in Fig. 4, consists of
one section or zone, a¹ and a tubular projection a³ formed axially upon it, from
which is developed the second section or zone, a², (see Fig. 6) and the annular
spring part, a**
These nut blanks, a & a*, are, when hot or of a suitable temperature, placed
upon a mandrel b, having a shoulder, b¹, and coöperating with a sleeve, 62, as in
Fig. 1, or are placed between the studs, c, c, which are provided with shoulders, c²,
and recesses, ³, as in Figs. 2, 3 & 4.
or
Pressure is now applied through the stud, c, or sleeve, 62, which forms part
of or is carried by a suitable press head, e, adapted to slide in a guide,
both studs, & c¹, or the mandrel, b, and sleeve, 62, may be caused to approach
each other.
In this way the weakest part of the blank (that is, the tubular portion) is, in
the absence of other forces, at first slightly compressed-thereby thickening the
walls of such tubular portion and finally causing it to bulge outwards, in which
direction it meets with the least resistance.
This bulging is increased by the application of internal pressure, by which the
material forming the annular spring part may be drawn out to a suitable thinness
and a space formed (or left) on the concave side of the corrugation, enabling the
sections or zones, after they have been uniformly threaded, to be forced nearer
to each other without distortion to their threads.

page_text: This internal pressure may be applied in the manner shown in Fig. 2, by com-
pressing the air or other medium occupying the space, 1, inside the blank; or
as shown in Fig. 3, by using a telescopic press head, consisting of a hollow
cylindrical part, into which a plunger is forced, to a greater or less extent,
during the pressing operation, so as to force the air or other medium occupying
the space 2, or some of it, through the duct or channel, 3, into the space, 1, of the
blank. The amount of pressure so applied is regulated by the distance between
the shoulders, 7 & 8, which may be adjusted by turning the nut, ; while, upon
the removal of the pressure, the part, c, is forced outwardly by the spring, clo,
until it is stopped by the pin, ci, reaching the end of the groove, c¹2
In Fig. 4 is shown another way in which internal pressure may be applied.
In this arrangement the lower stud, c, is formed upon or attached to a plunger, 66x
which is caused to descend into a closed vessel, i, containing a suitable fluid, 4,
which may be a fused metal, in which case it would be kept in a molten condition,
when necessary, by any convenient means, such as a Bunsen burner d¹.
In this case the fluid would be forced up a suitable duct or channel, 3, into the
space 1 inside the blank when downward pressure is applied and the amount
of internal pressure produced would be determined either by screwing one or more
plugs such as is shown at 2, "in or "out" so as to make more or less space
inside the closed vessel, d, for the displaced fluid, or by limiting the descent or
'ascent of the plunger 6, in any wellknown or suitable manner.
"
A forked counter-balance lever, e, is fulcrummed at, e¹, and has slots, e² adapted
to receive the trunnions, et, of the plunger which it returns to the desired
elevated position, when pressure is removed, whereafter the fluid, 4, flows back
into the closed vessel, Weights or spring pressure is applied at the opposite
end, e³, of the counter balance lever, e, in any convenient manner.
When it is desired that a greater or less amount of compression shall take place
before internal pressure is applied, this result may be obtained by applying an
adequate opposing force at the opposite end, e³, of the counter balance lever, e,
so as to prevent the descent of the plunger, cx until the blank has received the
requisite amount of compression to thicken the walls of its tubular portion, or
for any other purpose.
In Fig. 5, are shown means of producing an annular corrugation or spring part
in a tube, a, for which purpose I employ a suitable enclosing part which
may also be provided with a central mandrel, 6, while analogous means may be
employed for obtaining a like result in lugs, such as are used for bicycle frames,
and other irregular parts.
Facilities for rotating the part to be operated upon, over the flame of a Bunsen.
burner, d, may be provided, such as is shown at, "g," in Fig. 2, while the said
burner, d, may also be used to keep the said part hot during the pressing
operation.
The dotted lines in the figures show substantially the forms assumed by the
nut blanks, tubes or the like, after the pressing operation.
In Fig. 6, is shown, on a larger scale, a finished locknut produced from a
blank, a, having a tubular projection, 3, as shown in Fig. 4, in which the
pressing operation, firstly resulted in the thickening of the walls of such tubular
part, whereafter that portion of it that was not protected by the annular recess, <³,
was bulged or forced outwardly into the die formed by the recess f.
In any of the foregoing constructions either or both the studs c & c¹ or equivalent
parts may be provided with suitable means for confining the gas fluid or other
medium within the blanks, such as an annular knife edge, c, recesses c³, which
may be tapered, or the like; and it will also be understood that suitable rings,
glands or other packing (not shown) will be employed to prevent the escape so
far as possible of the medium used to produce the internal pressure.
The studs, or equivalent parts or any of them may also be provided with other
recesses adapted to form a die into which the material forming the annular
bulge or corrugation may be forced by the internal pressure.

page_text: After the stages illustrated by the dotted lines in the figures is reached, the
developed blank is screw-threaded in any convenient way, whereafter the uni-
formly threaded parts that are separated by the annular corrugation are brought
slightly nearer to each other by a second pressing operation.
This second pressing operation may be dispensed with, by screw-threading the
parts separately in such a manner as to produce the same relative arrangement
of their threads.
These improvements may be applied to parts that are not screw-threaded, but
provided with analogous means of attachment-such as pins coöperating with one.
or more helical grooves, inclined planes or their equivalents.
It will also be seen that a blank having two or more tubular necks, or two
tubular projections could be developed, by substantially similar means to those
already described, and a nut or like part produced having more than two uni-
formly threaded parts each united to the adjacent one by annular spring parts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A locknut or other equivalent part consisting of two or more uniformly
threaded or like sections or zones united by one or more annular spring parts
or corrugations formed by longitudinally compressing one or more tubular por-
tions of a blank substantially as described.
2. A locknut or other equivalent part consisting of two or more uniformly
threaded or like sections or zones united by one or more annular spring parts or
corrugations formed by forcing a gas, fluid or other suitable medium into a
blank having tubular portions in such a manner as to expand them while the
said blank is being longitudinally compressed, whereby the said spring part is
drawn out to the requisite thinness and a space left or formed on the concave
side of such corrugation substantially as described and for the purpose set forth
in the specification.
3. A lock joint for tubes & other like parts consisting of two or more uniformly
threaded or like sections or zones united by one or more annular spring parts or
corrugations formed by longitudinally compressing the parts substantially as
described.
4. A lock joint for tubes and other like parts consisting of two or more uni-
formly threaded or like sections or zones united by one or more annular spring
parts or corrugations produced by forcing a gas, fluid or other suitable medium
into the parts in such a manner as to expand them at the desired point, while
the said parts are being longitudinally compressed, whereby the said spring part
is drawn out to the requisite thinness and a space formed or left on the concave
side of such corrugation, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth
in the specification.
5. The means of producing an annular spring part in tubular parts by forming
an annular corrugation by longitudinally compressing the said parts while hot
or of a suitable temperature the position of such corrugation being localized
by opposing its formation at other points by means of protecting rings, sleeves
or equivalent parts substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.
6. The means of producing an annular spring part in tubular parts by forming
an annular corrugation by longitudinally compressing the said parts while hot
or of a suitable temperature and producing internal pressure, by means of a
telescopic or collapsible press head or bottom tool adapted to force a suitable
medium through a suitable channel into the said part, the position of such
corrugation being localized by opposing its formation at other points by means
of protecting rings, sleeves or equivalent parts, substantially as described and for
the purpose set forth.
7. The use of press tools, having studs, shoulders, annular knife edges and
recesses substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.

page_text: 8. The combinations and arrangements of parts constituting means of producing
an improved locknut blank substantially as described in the specification with
reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3 & 4 respectively.
9. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting means of producing
one or more annular spring parts or corrugations in tubular parts, in the manu-
facture of lock joints, substantially as described in the specification with reference
to Fig. 5 of the drawings.
10. A locknut consisting of two or more uniformly threaded parts having an
annular corrugation between such parts, constituting an elastic connection by
which the parts are normally held so that the threads of adjacent sections are
non-continuous, substantially as described in the specification with reference to
Fig. 6 of the drawings.
Tatal this 22nd day of November 1898
EDGAR A GODDIN,
Applicant.