CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FULLING MILLS OR MACHINERY FOR FULLING AND WASHING WOOLLEN CLOTHS, OR SUCH OTHER FABRICS AS MAY REQUIRE THE PROCESS OF FELTING OR FULLING
Year: 1825

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, PETER
WILLANS, of Leeds, and JAMES OGLE, of Holbeck, both in the County of
York, Cloth Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twentieth day of August, One thousand eight hundred
and twenty-five, in the sixth year of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Peter Willans and James Ogle,
His especial licence, that we, the said Peter Willans and James Ogle, our
exors, adiñiors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Peter Willans and
James Ogle, oui exors, adñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FULLING MILLS OR MACHINERY FOR
FULLING AND WASHING WOOLLEN CLOTHS, OR SUCH OTHER FABRICS AS MAY REQUIRE
THE PROCESS OF FELTING OR FULLING;" in wbich said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso obliging us, the said Peter Willans and James Ogle, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to
cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery

page_text: within six calendar months next and inmediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Peter Willans, do, for and on behalf of myself and of the said James Ogle,
in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, and for each of us,
jointly and severally, hereby declare that the nature of our aforesaid Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be constructed, used, and carried
into effect, is herein-after particularly set forth and described in and by the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and the following description thereof, that is
to say
-
No. 2 in such Drawing is a side view or elevation of an entue stock and
apparatus for fulling cloth and other fabrics in a complete state, as to its
working parts, according to the manner and form in which I construct and
use the same. No. 1 is a similar view of the same thing, but drawn as a
section, to exhibit the internal construction and arrangements of the parts;
No. 4 is an end view of the same apparatus in a finished and complete state
for working; and No. 3 is a similar view, but with the box I removed to
shew the wheels that are contained within it. The same letters of reference
are used throughout all the Figures to denote the same parts wherever they
occur, and these parts are as follows:-A, the stock back, formed of cast 11on,
and in the shape of a column or any other convenient form. We make this
part hollow for the sake of lightness, and for the facility of fixing the collar
bed to it, as is best seen at No. 1. B, the roller bed, fixed to the upper part
of the stock back, as seen in Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4. The longitudinal form of
this bed is seen at B, in No. 3 and 4; C, two cheeks or sides to the stock,
but only one of these can be seen at once in a geometrical elevation, as at
No. 1 or 2; both sides are, however, alike. These cheeks or sides, togethei
with the bottom, form the cavity or space to contain the cloth or other
substance to be milled, and they are, together with the bottom, screwed to
projecting flanches cast upon the back. D the bottom above mentioned, the
upper curved surface of which is made very smooth and polished, while a
hollow case or steam box, to be covered by a steam-tight metal lid or covei E,
may be formed in the under part of the same, as shewn in section at No. 1.
No. 5 is also a seperate plan of the said bottom as seen from underneath, in
which Figure F is the small metal pipe to bring the steam from the boiler to
the said steam box, and G is another pipe to cany off the water formed by
the condensation of the stean. Both these pipes are equipped with cocks, by
which the admission of steam into the steam box may be regulated, and

page_text: No.
consequently thereby the heat of the bottom. But inasmuch as steam has
been heretofore used in various manufacturing processes by similar applica-
tions, I do not claim this application of steam heating as a part of our
Invention, except only so far as it is connected with the formation of the
bottom of our said stock, formed wholly of cast iron, being of a form and
material never before used to our knowledge for a similar purpose. H is the
turn or went, scen only in profile in No 1, and drawn seperately in plan at
No. 6, such plan being of the convex or back part, to shew the strengthening
ribs. The whole of this turn or went is of cast on and its concave or inside
face is made very smooth and polished. Its breadth is such as to fit very
accurately between the two checks C, C, and it is so constructed as to bo
capable (within certain limits) of increasing or diminishing the capacity of the
stock by moving on the joint g into a more or less forward position, as shewn
by the dotted profile in No 1. This motion is effected in the following
manner A toothed pinion a, 1, is moved round at pleasure by the winch
or handle b, Nos. 2, 3, and 4. This pinion works into two other pinions c, d,
Nos 1 and 3, having brass sockets on bushes in their centres e, with internal
screws working upon the two male screws f, f, Nos 1 and 4 These two
Sciews have cach a double joint at one end, by means of which they are
attached with proper pins to the back of the turn or went h, h. Now it is
obvious that if the pinion a be moved round by the handle b, it will turn the
two pinions c, d, and with them the two brass sockets, which, working upon
the two screws f, f, will cause the went or turn to move backwards or
forwards, thus altering the capacity of the stock, as aforesaid. The lower part
g of the went or turn is made cylindrical, and thicker than the rest, as shewn
in Number 1, and this cylindrical part fits into a hollow formed to receive it
in the bottom or steam box, thus forming the Joint or hinge upon which the
went turns. k, k, is a wrought-iron bar, screwed or otherwise fixed to the top
of the went, having screws and nuts at each end to pass thio' long slots or
holes m, m, in the two cheeks, by screwing which the checks are brought into
close contact with the sides of the went after it has been set in its right
position I, in Nos 1, 2, and 4, is merely a cast-iron box or covering for the
pinions a. c, d, and may be removed at pleasure, when they will appear as in
No 3. The internal sides of the two checks C, the bottom D, and the
concave side of the tuin or went being all ground and polished, the substance
to be milled is always pressed against a polished surface, the consequence of
which is that the work performed is both firmer and better than when done by
the wooden stocks in present use, and at the same time with far less waste of
flocks consequently the piece of cloth milled in our aforesaid patent stocks is

page_text: not only faster and firmer, but also both broader and longer, as well as heavier
than a similar piece of cloth milled by the machinery heretofore in use. The
decrease of friction likewise which takes place in our aforesaid apparatus also
produces a superior appearance on the face of the cloth, and the facility with
which the heat may be regulated, joined to the other aforesaid advantages,
will, we conceive, constitute this a new Invention and article of manufacture
coming within the meaning of the Statute, as producing, by the general
combination, beneficial effects never before obtained in the operation to
which this machinery and apparatus is applicable; we therefore claim as our
Invention the construction of the entire stock in cast iron or other suitable
metal, as hercin-before described, and likewise of the turn or went formed as
herein-before described, and made of metal, as aforesaid, and the means of
moving, fixing, and adjusting the same, thus avoiding all liability to the derange-
ment or disorder which may arise to the machinery from lining it with inetal upon
wood, as has been sometimes practised, as well as any injury to the cloth from
the projection or irregularity on the surfaces occasioned by rivets, screw bolts,
nails, or other necessary contrivances for fixing one material to the other.
The foot, with its necessary appendages, is shewn in the Diawing, to indicate
its relative situation with regard to the other parts, but is not described, it
being used in the usual and accustomed manner, and forming no part of our
aforesaid Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Willans, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of February, in the year of our