IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CURTAIN AND OTHER RINGS, AND IN TOOLS TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF OTHER ARTICLES OF AN ANNULAR FIGURE
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Anderson, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Brass Founder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CURTAIN AND OTHER RINGS, AND IN TOOLS TO BE USED IN
THE SAID MANUFACTURE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF OTHER ARTICLES OF AN ANNULAR FIGURE."
Sealed the 26th July 1864, and dated the 2nd February 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd February 1864.
I, DAVID ANDERSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Brass
Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CURTAIN AND OTHER RINGS, AND IN TOOLS TO BE
USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE то
THE MANUFACTURE OF OTHER ARTICLES OF AN ANNULAR FIGURE," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in the manufacture of curtain and other rings consist in

page_text: making the said rings from two half rings or shells of sheet metal joined
together in the manner herein-after explained.
In making one of the said rings I cut out at a press two annular disks or
blanks of sheet metal, each of which disks I raise by the action of stamping
or pressing tools into nearly the figure of one half of the ring to be made.
The two half rings or shells thus made are joined together by means of flanges
on their inner and outer circumferences respectively, the flanges on one of the
shells being wider than those on the other shell. The two shells are connected
together by the closing of the broader flanges of one shell upon the narrow
flanges of the other shell, somewhat after the manner in which the shells of
metallic buttons are closed upon one another.
In making rings for cornice poles according to my Invention, or other
rings in which small or supplementary rings or loops are required on the inner
or outer edges of the ring, I make the said supplementary rings or loops of ther
same pieces of metal as the two half rings or shells, the cutting and other tools
employed having the required figures for making the said supplementary rings
or loops. In finishing the said supplementary rings or loops I prefer to close
them by a pair of closing tools separate from those by which the two halves of
the principal ring are closed upon one another. I also prefer to strengthen the
said supplementary rings or loops by means of wire rings inserted within them.
The said supplementary rings or loops may however be made. separately and
attached to the principal rings by soldering or otherwise.
My improvements are applicable to the manufacture of curtain and other
rings of any figure, and either circular, elliptical, or of other figure in cross
section.
The improvements described in the manufacture of curtain and other rings
may be applied to the manufacture of other articles of an annular figure, such
for example as the eyes of stair rods.
My improvements in tools to be used in the manufacture of curtain and
other rings and other articles of an annular figure consist in making the tools
to be used for closing the two halves of the ring or other annular article upon
one another in the following manner:-The said tools consist of a pair of dies
in which are cut depressions corresponding in form with the ring or article to
be made. The edges of the said depressions. are so formed as to close or turn
over the wider flanges of the one half ring or shell upon the narrow flanges
of the other half ring or shell when the. said dies are brought together upon
the two half rings or shells by the action of the press. The said tools resemble
the tools commonly employed for closing the shells of buttons, excepting that

page_text: instead of one set of closing edges they are provided with two sets of closing
edges which act simultaneously on the outer and inners flanges of the half
rings or shells respectively.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Anderson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th July 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
ANDERSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Brass Founder, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four; in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said David Anderson, Her special licence that I, the said David
Anderson, my executors, administrators; and assigns, or such others as I, the
said David Anderson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, shoul
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CURTAIN AND OTHER RINGS, AND IN TOOLS
TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO THE MANUFACTURE OF OTHER ARTICLES OF AN ANNULAR FIGURE," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said David Anderson, my executors.or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and, ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Anderson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My improvements in the manufacture of curtain and other rings consist in

page_text: making the said rings from two half rings or shells of sheet metal joined
together in the manner herein-after explained.
In making one of the said rings I take two plates of metal and raise the
said plates by the action of stamping or pressing tools into blanks, having
nearly the figure of one half of the ring to be made; I afterwards cut the waste
metal from the said blanks. The two half rings or shells thus made are joined
together by means of flanges on their inner and outer circumferences re-
spectively. The two shells are connected together by the closing of the flanges
of one shell upon the flanges of the other shell, somewhat after the manner in
which the shells of metallic buttons are closed upon one another.
In making rings for cornice poles according to my Invention, or other
rings in which small or supplementary rings or loops are required on the
inner or outer edges of the ring, I make the said supplementary rings or
loops of the same pieces of metal as the two half rings or shells, the dies,
cutting and other tools employed, having the required figures for making the
said supplementary rings or loops. In finishing the said supplementary rings
or loops I prefer to close them by a pair of closing tools separate from those
by which the two halves of the principal ring are closed upon one another.
I also prefer to strengthen the said supplementary rings or loops by means of
wire rings inserted within them. The said supplementary rings or loops may
however be made separately, and attached to the principal rings by soldering
or otherwise.
My improvements are applicable to the manufacture of curtain and other rings
of any figure, and either circular, elliptical, or of other figure in cross section.
The improvements described in the manufacture of curtain and other rings
may be applied to the manufacture of other articles of an annular figure, such
for example as the eyes of stair rods.
My improvements in tools to be used in the manufacture of curtain and
other rings, and other articles of an annular figure, consist in making the
tools to be used for closing the two halves of the ring or other annular article
upon one another in the following manner:-The said tools consist of a pair
of dies in which are cut depressions corresponding in form with the ring
or article to be made. The edges of the said depressions are so formed as to
close or turn over the flanges of the one half ring or shell upon the flanges
of the other half ring or shell when the said dies are brought together upon
the two half rings or shells by the action of the press. The said tools.
resemble the tools commonly employed for closing the shells of buttons,
excepting that instead of one set of closing edges they are provided with two

page_text: sets of closing edges which act simultaneously on the outer and inner flanges
of the half rings or shells respectively.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
.I will describe my Invention with reference to the manufacture of curtain
rings having a supplementary ring or loop made of the same pieces of metal.
Figures 1 and 2 represent in elevation and plan respectively a raised blank
of the kind I employ for making half rings or shells to be afterwards made
into curtain rings. The said raised blank, Figures 1 and 2, is made by
placing a sheet or disc of metal upon the die represented in plan in Figure 3
and vertical section in Figure 4, and bringing down a force of the ordinary
kind upon the said sheet or disc of metal, the said force being worked by a
stamp or press in the way commonly practised in raising metals. By the said
force the disc or sheet of metal is pressed into the annular recess a of the
die, and made to take the form represented in Figures 1 and 2. In order to
remove the waste metal from without and from within the half ring or shell,
Figures 1 and 2, I employ two pairs of dies or cutting tools. The pair of
dies or cutting tools by which the outer waste metal is cut away is represented
in Figures 5, 6, and 7, Figure 5 being a plan of the under side of the upper
die or punch, and Figure 6 a side elevation of the same; Figure 7 represents
in vertical section the lower die. The blank, Figures 1 and 2, being placed
upon the die Figure 7, the upper die or punch, Figures 5 and 6, is brought
down upon it, and by the operation of the two dies the whole of the waste
metal external to the half ring or raised blank, Figures 1 and 2, is removed.
The raised blank has now the figure represented in section in Figure 8.
Figures 9. and 10 represent in vertical section the pair of dies or cutting tools
by which the waste metal in the interior of the half ring is cut out. The
raised blank or half ring, Figure 8, is placed upon the die, Figure 10, and the
upper die or punch, Figure 9, being brought down upon it, the circular waste
piece in the interior of the, half ring is cut away. The raised blank or half
ring has now the appearance represented in section in Figure 11. In order
to make a curtain ring by the junction of two of the half rings or shells
Figure 11, I take one of the half rings, Figure 11, and place it upon the
lower die of the pair of dies or tools, Figures 12 and 13, the said lower. die,
Figure 13, having an annular recess 6 in it in which the half ring or shell,
Figure 11, fits. The upper die, Figure 12, has an annular recess c in it very
nearly but not quite resembling that, in the lower die, Figure 13. The exact

page_text: figures of the annular recesses in the dies are indicated by the sections of
the said recesses given in the Drawing. By the operation of the die, Figure
12, the upper edges of the flanges of the half ring are cupped or turned
inwards, and the half ring has now the form represented in section in Figure
14. By the said cupping inwards of the edges of the flanges of the half ring
the said flanges are so contracted that they can be placed within those of the
other half ring, the flanges of which have not been contracted, in order to
close the said half rings upon one another as herein-after explained. In order
to close upon and join to the half ring, Figure 14, just operated upon another
half ring, I proceed as follows:-The said half ring, Figure 14, is removed
from the die, Figure 13, and a half ring of the form of Figure 11 is placed on
the said die. I then take the half ring of the form of Figure 14, and place it
upon the half ring, Figure 11, on the die, so that the turned in edges of the
flanges c³, d³ of the said half ring, Figure 14, shall be respectively within the
edges of the flanges c, d, of the half ring, Figure 11, the said flanges c, d,
being wider apart than the flanges c³, d³, in consequence of not having been
cupped or turned inwards. The die, Figure 12, being brought down upon the
two half rings, the edges of the flanges of the lower. half ring are closed upon
those of the upper half ring, and the said ring is completed with the exception
of the smaller supplementary ring or loop.
Figure 15 represents in section the finished curtain ring, and by an exami-
nation of the said Figure 15 the manner in which the flanges of one of the
half rings are closed upon those of the other half ring, and the two half rings
joined together by the operation of the dies, Figures 12 and 13, will be readily
understood. The dies, Figures 12 and 13, do not close the two halves of the
supplementary ring or loop marked e in the several Figures of the Drawings,
the said halves of the supplementary ring or loop e being closed by the pair
of tools represented in section in Figures 16 and 17, Figure 16 representing
the upper die or punch, and Figure 17 the lower or fixed die. After the two
halves of the principal ring have been joined together the dies, Figures 12
and 13, in the manner herein-before explained, the supplementary ring or
loop e, the halves of which are presented to each other, but not closed, one
upon the other, are placed upon the die, Figure 17, the central peg f of the
said die occupying the interior of the supplementary ring or loop e. The
punch, Figure 16, being brought down upon the said ring or loop e, the edges
of one half are closed upon the edges of the other half, and the supplementary
ring is completed. I prefer to strengthen the supplementary ring or loop e
by a solid wire ring in its interior. This wire ring is represented and marked g

page_text: in the section Figure 15. When I use the wire ring 9 in the ring e, I
introduce the said wire ring 9 into the lower half of the ring in the die,
Figure 13, before closing the lower half ring upon the upper half ring by the
operation of the die, Figure 12, as herein-before explained. Figure 18.
represents in plan, and Figure 19 in elevation, the finished ring. The
supplementary ring or loop may be situated when required on the inner side
of the principal ring instead of on the outer side, and instead of making the
said supplementary rings from the same pieces of metal of which the principal
rings are made, the said supplementary rings may be made separately and
attached to the principal rings, by soldering or otherwise. When the rings to
be made have a figure, other than, circular, and have a different sectional figure
from that represented, the dies and tools are made of the required figures
instead of the forms represented.
In applying my Invention to the manufacture of other annular articles, such
as the eyes of stair rods, the said articles are made of two half rings or shells,
constructed and joined together essentially in the manner. herein-before
explained with respect to curtain rings.
My improvements in tools to be used in the manufacture of curtain and
other rings and other articles of an annular figure, are represented in section
in Figures 12 and 13. The said tools resemble the tools commonly employed
for closing metallic shells upon one another, excepting that instead of having
one set of closing edges they are provided with two sets of closing edges,
which act simultaneously on the outer and inner flanges of the half rings or
shells respectively. The said additional or inner closing edges are marked
respectively i, k, in Figures 12 and 13. The several dies and tools described
and represented are worked in presses of the ordinary kind, and I have
therefore not thought it necessary either to describe or to represent the said
presses.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be. performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described and represented in the
Drawings, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of
my Invention; but I claim as my Invention,-
Firstly, the improvements in the manufacture of curtain and other rings,
and other. articles of an annular figure herein-before described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, making the said rings and
other annular articles of two half rings or shells, the said half rings or shells
being joined together by closing the inner and outer flanges of one half ring

page_text: or shell upon the inner and outer flanges of the other half ring or shell,
essentially as described and represented.
Secondly, the improvements in tools to be used in the manufacture of curtain
and other rings and other articles of an annular figure herein-before described
and represented in Figures 12 and 13 of the accompanying Drawings, that
is to say, making the said tools with two sets of closing edges, as described and
represented.
In witness whereof, I, the said Dávid Anderson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
DAVID ANDERSON. (L.S.)

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