matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS FOR SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hook and Alfred Peace
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 19th June 1865.
We, CHARLES HOOK and ALFRED PEACE, of Bridgewater, in the County of
Somerset, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS FOR SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows,
that is to say:
Our Invention consists in forming a propeller to be attached to the main
shaft of ships and vessels driven by steam or otherwise, by which we save or
diminish the power lost by backwater in the ordinary paddle wheel. To
effect this we place on both sides of the ship or vessel shaft a crank, to
which we attach a bar or connecting rod, the opposite end of which bar or
rod works in guides; to the under side of this bar or connecting rod we affix
a number of blades, which enter and leave the water vertically. In case of
accident to the motive power, or when the vessel is under canvass, by placing
such cranks and connecting rod or bar in a line horizontal with the centre
of the main shaft the blades will be clear of the water, thus avoiding the loss
of power or drag on the ordinary paddle wheels.
The accompanying Drawing is intended to illustrate our said Invention.
a is the main shaft, which is fitted across the vessel as in the case of the
ordinary paddle shaft; ba crank fixed thereon; ca bar or beam, one end
of which is attached to the pin of the crank b, and the other to a stud in
the slide d; e, e, e, e, paddle blades fixed to the bar or beam c, as the crank
rotates it causes the blades to enter, pass through, and rise out of the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Matthews and John Fereday
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
27th March 1865.
We, CHARLES MATTHEWS, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Iron Merchant, and JOHN FEREDAY, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF FURNACES FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE," to be as follows (that is to
say):-
This Invention consists in constructing furnaces for steam boilers and for
other purposes with a bridge flue and a series of traversing flues partly open
and partly closed; in the closed flues the smoke is retained until burnt by the
flame which traverses the open flues, this we effect in the following manner:
-The first take-up flue is over the centre of the bridge, this traverses to the
end of the furnace, then returns and comes down one side, then passes trans-
versely through the double bridge and ascends the other side of the furnace.
into the stack. The closed flues are built one under each of the open flues;
these closed flues retain the smoke whilst the draught draws the flame along
the open flues, all these flues meeting at the hollow bridge; the flame meets
the smoke and thus consumes it, any incombustible product passing up the
stack. The top of the hollow bridge is covered with open laid brickwork
to allow the flame from the fire to descend upon the smoke flue. We also
1

page_text: employ dampers in the open flues, which dampers are perforated. These
dampers are fixed one at the first bend of the top flue, and the other behind
the bridge at the third bend of the same flue. The closed flues will require
soot doors, which may be fixed at any convenient position in their length, the
best spot being in front near the bridge. By the employment of a furnace
thus constructed we not only consume the smoke, but manufacture breezes
most economically, for it enables us after throwing in the slack to employ
refuse ashes from other fires upon the top of the slack, thus reducing the
slack to breezes and providing heat by the combustion of the smoke, which
heat may be employed under boilers, or in any other manner required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING FLUIDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June 1865.-
A communication from abroad by Jean Babeaud, of Paris, in the French
Empire, Mechanician.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 84, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR MEASURING FLUIDS," communicated to me from abroad by Jean
Babeaud, of Paris, in the French Empire, Mechanician, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus for measuring fluids so constructed
that the fluid leaves the apparatus with the same pressure as it had on enter-
ing it. The apparatus consists mainly of three compartments, two of which
are air chambers separated by a partition, and in the third through which the
fluid passes from one air chamber to another a vane, pallet, or piston works.
The air in the chambers prevents disturbance of the fluid, and renders its
delivery continuous. The air flows from one air chamber into a hollow shaft,
perforated with inlet and outlet orifices, the inlets are equal to the outlets.
By one orifice the fluid flows to one side of the vane or piston, and the space
on the other side being filled with fluid, the fluid will leave the meter at the
same pressure as it enters it. By turning an inner shaft acting as a cylindrical
valve two of the orifices will be closed and fluid will enter on the other side
of the vane or piston and expel the fluid on the opposite side. The opening

page_text: and closing of the orifices, or the reversing of the vane or piston, is effected
by a lever or arm which may be worked by stops at the ends of the hollow
shaft, these stops lift or move the lever, thereby causing a weight to fall and
work a cam on the inner shaft; or a spring may be used instead of the
weight, one end of such spring being connected with a moveable stud on the
lever, and the other with a knee piece or bell crank or other piece below the
fulcrum of the lever, or with a moveable piece worked by a stop, or the end of
the spring may be attached to or abut against an extension of the fulcrum of
the lever. The lever actuates a train of wheels driving pointers which work
upon dials.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE USED IN COMBINATION WITH OR AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR COFFEE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Diosy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April 1865.
-A communication from abroad by Reni Charles Jules Prevet and
Maximilian Louis Joseph Chollet, both of Paris, France.
I, MARTIN DIOSY, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MATERIAL TO BE USED IN COMBINATION WITH OR AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR COFFEE," (a
communication to me from abroad by Reni Charles Jules Prevet and
Maximilian Louis Joseph Chollet, both of Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment and utilization of the locust bean
or karouba, a well known fruit growing on both shores of the Mediterranean,
as a material to be used in combination with or as a substitute for coffee.
I tako the husk of the bean, roast, and grind it, and when so prepared it
resembles coffeo in appearance and taste, its infusion resembles that of coffee
but has a somewhat sweeter taste, its influence on the system is more refreshing
than coffee but not so exciting. By mixing the husk of the bean, prepared as
before described, with coffee, the natural aroma of the latter is not impaired
and the cost is materially reduced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR POLISHING AND BRUSHING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lamb Hancock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1865.
I, JAMES LAMB HANCOCK, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR POLISHING AND BRUSHING," to be as follows:-
My apparatus consists of a disc or other brush or polishing tool
mounted upon a handle or shaft carrying a toothed pinion, which is geared
into by a toothed wheel on a shaft fitted with a cranked handle. On
turning the cranked handle rotary motion will be imparted to the brush.
In some cases I dispense with the toothed gear, fit the brush on a shaft
with a cranked handle, and employ a collar through which the shaft
passes freely, and which is held in one hand while the cranked handle is
turned by the other. When using a disc brush I fit on the outer edge of
the disc a ring or flap of leather, india-rubber, or other material to prevent
the passage of dust. Or I apply a screen to stop the dust, within which
screen the brush rotates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATERIALS FOR DE- COLORING SUGAR AND OTHER SACCHARINE MATTERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the 30th November
1865.-A communication from abroad, by Chrétien Jean Gaade,
Commission Agent, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATERIALS FOR DE-
COLORING SUGAR AND OTHER SACCHARINE MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates principally to the manufacture and application of
all kinds of soot for the decoloration of sugar or saccharine matters, and
consists in combining soot with other matters, and reducing it to a granular
form; it is then calcined and applied in the ordinary manner of decoloring
sugar in refineries by means of animal charcoal. I further employ blood
and animal flesh, which I carbonize and mix with soot and with other
ingredients herein-after mentioned, and reduce it to the granular form
desired. I mix soot with a proportion of clay or other earthy material
and form it into a plastic mass. This mass I express and cut off in small
nodules or grains by rotary knives or wires in the manner of making
vermicelli, or in any other manner. Having formed the mass into nodules
or grains I then calcine them, when they are fit for use in the decoloration
of saccharine matter in the process of filtering or otherwise in the
ordinary manner of decoloring or bleaching sugar, and which may be revi-

page_text: vified and used again and again for the decoloration of sugar indefinitely.
The proportions which I find suitable for the purpose are about sixty per
cent. of soot to forty per cent. of clay, but the proportions may be much
varied, while at same time three or four per cent. of potash may be added
with advantage. The decoloring agent instead of being nearly all soot
may consist of soot mixed with animal and vegetable charcoal, and with a
proportion of clay or earthy or other matter, which will cause the agglo-
meration and separation of the atomic particles and render it suitable for
the formation into nodules or grains as required for the purposes of
decoloration, and as herein-before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON SAFES AND STRONG ROOMS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Chubb and Robert Goater
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, ou the
13th April 1865.
We, JOHN CHUBB, of St. Paul's Churchyard, in the City of London, Lock
and Safe Manufacturer, and ROBERT GOATER, of Wood Street, King Square,
Goswell Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON SAFES AND STRONG ROOMS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in iron safes and strong
For these purposes, in constructing the door and the parts of an
iron safe or strong room into which the door shuts, there are formed or fixed
around the door and on its interior surface a series of projections, through
which are openings or passages coinciding with the bolts in the lock. On
the interior of the safe or strong room where the door is received there are
other projections with openings through them through which the projections
on the inner surface of the door pass. Through each of the openings in the
projections on the door a bolt of the lock may be made to pass when the
bolts are shot or locked, the bolts passing at the back of the projections on
the interior of the safe or strong room; by this means the projections upon
the door are prevented from being drawn out from the openings through the
projections on the interior of the safe or strong room. The projections on the
door and the interior of the safe or strong room are made strong, and by
preference of steel, and will be most effectual in preventing the door being

page_text: opened, or the sides or ends of a safe or strong room being caused to bulge
outward by the use of wedges or otherwise. In some cases, in place of
having two sets of separate projections, one of the sets may be composed of
strong bars, with openings through them corresponding in positions with the
detached projections; in all cases these parts are mado strong, and by prefer-
ence of steel.. .In some cases a strong tongue is fixed all round the door pro-
jecting from its inner surface, and on the interior of the parts of a safe or
strong room where the door is received when shut there are other bars or
projecting tongues which come inside the projecting tongues or bars on the
inside surface of the door so as to form a groove or channel all round the
door way to receive the projecting tongue or bar around the door, by which
means the sides of an iron safe or strong room cannot be caused to bulge out
from the edges of the door by driving in wedges, the sides being securely
retained from being bent outwards by such tongues or bars. It is preferred
that these tongues or projecting bars should be continuous all round the
inner edge of the door, but such tongues may be applied at intervals only.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING SHIPS' BOTTOMS, AND THE SURFACES OF OTHER VESSELS OR STRUCTURES WHICH ARE EXPOSED TO THE ACTION OF SEA WATER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Pulman and Richard
Ginman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th July 1865.
We, FREDERICK PULMAN, of Whitehall Yard, in the City of Westminster.
Modeller, and RICHARD GINMAN, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Iron
and Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING SHIPS' BOTTOMS, AND THE SURFACES OF
OTHER VESSELS OR STRUCTURES WHICH ARE EXPOSED TO THE ACTION OF SEA WATER,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention of an improved composition for coating ships' bottoms has
for its object to prevent barnacles and other marine animals or seaweed or
marine plants from adhering to ships' bottoms. The composition is particularly
applicable for coating iron ships, but may also be advantageously employed for
coating and protecting wooden vessels from barnacles and seaweed. It consists
principally of iron slag, scoria, cinder, or scale, reduced in any convenient
manner to fine powder, to which is added steatite or soapstone, also pulverized,
and arsenic. In addition to these materials, gutta percha or other analogous
gum insoluble in water, together with shellac and pulverized rosin, are also
employed. These latter substances are dissolved in naphtha or any other of
their solvents, and the other pulverized materials when well mixed are added,
until the whole is made into a paste or paint, which may be conveniently laid
on with a brush. The precise proportions in which these several materials
may be combined may be varied considerably; we do not therefore mean to

page_text: confine ourselves to any particular proportions; as an example, however, of a
composition which we have found to answer we give the following:-To one
gallon of naphtha or other solvent of gutta percha, shellac, and rosin we
dissolve 1 lbs. of gutta percha or other analogous waterproof gum, 2 lbs. of
shell lac, and 2 lbs. of rosin. In a separate vessel we add to 4 lbs. of iron
slag, scoria, cinder, or scale, 1
lbs. of steatite or soapstone, and 1 lb. of arsenic,
all in powder; these are well and intimately mixed, and then gradually
added to the first-mentioned solution, so as to make a thin paste or paint,
which may be put on with a brush.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LAP MACHINES EMPLOYED IN PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ogden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1865.
I, THOMAS OGDEN, of Cliff Mound, Higher Broughton, near Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LAP MACHINES
EMPLOYED IN PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of stopping by self-acting means
the machine known as the "lap" machine (employed in cleaning and pre-
paring cotton for spinning) when any one of the "laps" supplying such
machine shall have become spent or finished.
The improvements consist in the employment and use of a vertical rod or
bar, which is hooked on to and suspended from each horizontal spindle or
shaft upon which the laps are formed that supply the machine. The lower
ends of these rods pass through holes formed in one end of a long balance
lever or "beam," the opposite end of which is in connection with the strap
fork. Upon each of the aforesaid suspended rods are adjustable weights, the
position of which when a full "lap" is placed upon the "supply lattice" are
at their greatest distance above the balance lever, so that as the "lap"
diminishes in diameter the suspended rod passing through the hole in the
balance lever gradually lowers the weight into closer proximity to such lever

page_text: until the "lap" is finally spent, at which time the weight in connection
with the rod of such spent lap bears upon and depresses the balance lever,
thus causing its opposite end to rise, which being in connection with the
strap fork forces the strap on to the loose pulley and thereby stops the
machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COM- MUNICATING AND SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS BY DAY OR BY NIGHT
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Hancock and Thomas Evans
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 20th April 1865.
We, DAVID HANCOCK, of High Wycombe, in the County of Bucks, and
THOMAS EVANS, of Eastcheap, in the City of London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COM-
MUNICATING AND SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND DRIVERS OF
RAILWAY TRAINS BY DAY OR BY NIGHT," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in placing by preference upon the roofs of railway
carriages a whistle, which is set in action by the movement of a bellows, and
in indicating to the guard or driver of the train the particular carriage from
which the signal is made by means of colored glasses or plates at the sides of
the carriages, all as hereafter described.
To an upright rod secured to the roof of a carriage we hinge a lever, the outer
end of which is attached to the top side of a bellows, the lower side of which
is secured to the roof of the carriage; the bellows is weighted so that it will
always have a tendency to close up by its own gravity, and in so doing the
wind generated communicates motion to and blows a whistle to attract atten-
tion. The short arm of a second lever supported by an upright, also from the
roof of the carriage, passes underneath the first lever, and the outer end of
this arm is weighted; the long arm is put in communication with the
interior of the carriage by a cord, strap, or wire, so that by pulling the latter
the bellows is set in motion and the whistle sounded. The short arm of the

page_text: lever when at rest takes into a notch formed in a disc on a loose shaft, and
this shaft carries a drum round which a cord or chain is wound; this cord
or chain passes in contrary directions to each side of the carriage, and holds
in suspension colored glasses or plates free to slide in a frame set at right
angles to the carriage. Thus when the cord in the carriage, through the
lever before described, communicates motion to the bellows, as soon as the
lever moves the disc is released, and the weight of the glasses or plates
causes them to fall; by this means the guard or driver can by day see by
the colored glass the particular carriage from which the signal issues, and at
night a light from the tender, engine, or break van will fall thereon, and so
indicate the carriage in a similar way.
In case immediate attention is not
given to the signal, the whistle may be continued by continuing to draw the
cord in the carriage, and its power may be increased by making the mouth or
tube thereof of a funnel shape to take the air as the train travels.
For the sake of economy we prefer.fitting only one bellows to each carriage
to be acted on by two or even more sets of levers, and these are worked from
the interior of the carriage, the cords being arranged to communicate with
each compartment of the carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE GAUZE DISH COVERS, PLATE COVERS, WINDOW BLINDS, FIRE GUARDS, AND MEAT SAPES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Powis and Henry Brittain
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 22nd May 1865.
We, DAVID POWIS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and HENRY BRITTAIN, the younger, of Birmingham aforesaid,
Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE GAUZE DISH COVERS, PLATE
COVERS, WINDOW BLINDS, FIRE GUARDS, AND MEAT SAPES," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary manufacture of wire gauze dish covers, plate covers,
window blinds, and fire guards, the edge of the wire gauze is protected by a
rim of sheet metal; the said rim consists of two strips, one on the outer side
and the other on the inner side of the edge of the article, the two strips being
connected together and to the wire gauze by soldering.
In making wire gauze dish covers, plate covers, window blinds, and fire
guards according to our Invention, we protect the edge of the wire gauze by
means of a metal rim made of one piece of sheet metal in place of the two
pieces ordinarily employed. The strip of sheet metal we use is folded along
its middle, so that when placed on the edge of the wire gauze one half of the
strip is on one side and the other half on the other side of the wire gauze. By
means of grooving tools, or by pressure otherwise applied, we close the two
sides of the doubled strip upon the edge of the wire gauze, and fix it upon and
protect the edge and strengthen the article. The edge of the wire gauze may

page_text: either be wired, that is, strengthened by being turned over a wire rim before
the application of the sheet metal rim, or it may be left unwired.
In making wire gauze meat safes, according to our Invention, we form the
sides, bottom and top separately, and connect them together by means of
hinges instead of connecting them rigidly together as commonly practised.
By thus connecting the sides and top and bottom together the sides and top
and bottom can be folded flat upon one another, and the safe thus made to
occupy a small space; this is a great convenience in packing meat safes or
in stowing them away when not in use.
We prefer to make the tops, sides, and bottoms of the said wire gauze meat
safes with rims of the kind herein-before described with respect to dish covers,
plate covers, window blinds, and fire guards, but we do not limit ourselves
thereto. When the safe is to be set up for use, the three vertical sides, top
and bottom, are fixed together edge to edge by means of bolts or catches; the
door fastens in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Page at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1865.
I, THOMAS PAGE, of Adelphi Terrace, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in raising sunken vessels consists in the application of
bags or flexible air-tight receptacles, which I dispose in the hold and other
capacities of sunken ships, and by their inflation by pumping and forcing air
thereinto give buoyancy to the immersed vessel. In carrying out this Inven-
tion, if a laden sunken vessel is to be operated on, I remove the whole or a
part of her cargo by divers or otherwise, in order to make room for the inflated
air bags or capacities, which I introduce and dispose while in a collapsed state
by the assistance of divers, so disposing the bags or receivers that when inflated
they will take a proper bearing on the ship, and so tend to lift her. A
sufficient number of air bags being introduced I proceed to inflate them by
air tubes leading down from a vessel on the surface, as well understood,
taking care to apply air lifting power uniformly over the ship. The air bags
or receptacles may be made of india-rubber and canvas, as well known in
making air-proof materials, which air-proof material may be further protected

page_text: and strengthened by an outer covering of matting, which must be of a strength
in proportion to the size and more particularly the depth of the air bags or
receptacles.
In removing what may be termed semi-fluid cargo in bulk from a sunken
ship, such as grain, rice, nuts, nutmegs, and other small matters, I do so!
by the application of a centrifugal pump preparatory to introducing the air
receptacles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNDING OR CASTING METALS, AND IN MOULDS USED FOR THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Spink at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th September
1865.
I, DANIEL SPINK, of South Road, Weston-super-Mare, in the County of
Somerset, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNDING OR CASTING METALS, AND IN MOULDS USED FOR
THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My improvements in moulds and in founding metals consist in casting them
in metal moulds formed of an alloy of copper and tin, using about four parts
of copper to one of tin, but which may be varied somewhat if desired. The
molten iron is poured into moulds composed of the before-mentioned alloy,
instead of into moulds made in sand, loam, or other material as usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLEXIBLE GAS TUBING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July
1865. A communication from abroad by Henry Railton, of the City,
County, and State of New York, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Con-
sulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FLEXIBLE GAS TUBING," a commmunication, to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in the application of glue or a composition
(of which the principal part is glue or other gelatinous substance) to form a
coating, lining, or stratum for flexible gas tubing, in order to make said tubing
impervious to illuminating gas or its fluids; and, secondly, in covering the
exterior surface of flexible tubing with cloth or flock to improve the appearance
of said surface. The glue may be dissolved in water with about one-third of
molasses, honey, or glycerine, to preserve the glue in a flexible state, and is
applied while hot. When this glue or composition is used as a lining or
inner coating for the tube, it may be poured into (so as to fill) said tube,
and after remaining long enough to form a film or coating of the desired
thickness, the residue of said glue or composition may be poured out therefrom.

page_text: To cover or coat the outside, or to saturate the tube, the glue or composition
may be applied either with a brush or by dipping the tube into a trough or
other reservoir containing said glue or composition. When the tubing bas
an exterior covering of cloth or rubber, said covering is either put on while
the glue is adhesive or is secured by means of india-rubber cement, put on
over the glue after said glue is dry.
In applying flock to the outside of the tubing I first take a solution of
gum, india-rubber, or gutta percha, which forms a cement of about the
consistency of paint prepared for use; this cement is put into a reservoir of
suitable construction and the tube is immersed therein. Before the cement
is dry the tube is flocked" in any suitable manner, so as to give it a uniform
covering. As soon as the first coating of flock has become set, the tubing is
covered with a second coat of cement, and then with a second coat of flock;
when the latter has become set, the tubing is immersed for about fifteen
seconds in a bath of nitric acid of the ordinary commercial strength, and then
immersed for about thirty seconds in a moderately strong solution of chloride
of lime. It is then twice again alternately immersed in the nitric acid and
lime water in the same order and for the same time as before. The india-
rubber being vulcanized by the action of said acid and lime water the tubing
is said to be "cured,"
I do not consider this "curing" an essential part of my Invention, as a
very satisfactory result may be obtained by "flocking" the tubing and allowing
the cement to dry without the use of the acid or lime water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Broun at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with. his Petition, on the 27th September.
1865.
I, JAMES BROUN, of Ardgowan Square, Greenock, in the County of Ren-
frew, North Britain, Barrister-at-Law, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES," to be as follows, that is to.
say :-
This Invention has for its object to make cartridges containing gunpowder.
so as not to foul the gun or fire-arm in which they are exploded, and for
this purpose the cartridge case is made of. paper or cloth, of cotton or other
vegetable fibre, which has been treated with nitric acid, or with nitric and
sulphuric acids, as is practised with cotton wool.in making gun cotton.. The
paper or cloth cartridge case so prepared is entirely consumed when the
cartridge is exploded, and leaves no solid residue in the gun or fire-arm.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWAYS, FLOORINGS, OR OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Russell Crampton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th June 1865.
I, THOMAS RUSSELL CRAMPTON, of Great George Street, Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWAYS, FLOORINGS, OR OTHER SURFACES," to be
as follows:-
The improvements consist in making a series of beams or corrugations of
cast or wrought iron or other suitable inaterials in such a manner that when.
put together they form one piece of the size required, so that any weight or
force acting on one beam is communicated to its neighbouring beams through
straight angular lines of metal or nearly so as practicable, and not in curved
lines as in the ordinary corrugated iron of commerce; this may be effected by
stamping, pressing, or rolling from a plate of convenient size a series of beams,.
and putting such a series together to make up the dimensions required, or
they may be cast in convenient sizes and put together for important structures,..
such as roadways for bridges and floorings.
A convenient mode will be to roll, stamp, or press the metal of the whole..
length required, and of convenient width, and to rivet together this whole.
length. Several sections are shewn marked 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, which will give
a sufficient indication of what is meant. It is obvious that there are
innumerable forms which will effect the object, but in all cases the angle of
the sides connecting the top and bottom must be such that the weight when
applied on the top or bottom of any girder or corrugation will have the least

page_text: tendency to bend or buckle these sides, at the same time it is desirable to
make them as flat as possible so as to spread over the largest area. The
angle I found in practice to be extremely good is 45 degrees, but do not
confine myself to that angle.
The depth of the girders A and the width and thickness of the tops and
bottoms B, B, must be of such dimensions as may be required for the particular
circumstances to which it is to be applied. Figures 6 and 7 shew a mode
in which a system may be applied to a bridge of the ordinary iron construc-
tion, in which it will be seen that the girders are made in pieces of the extreme
width of the bridge and the footways, and that the ballast is placed on the top
of the whole structure. It may be observed in extreme cases it will not be
convenient to roll, stamp, or press the whole length required, but in such
cases all joints should be avoided between any points of support.
AN IMPROVED. ARRANGEMENT FOR FASTENING SHIRTS, COLLARS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, BY WHICH THE ORDINARY BUTTON OR STUD IS DISPENSED WITH
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stanislaus Helcman at the Office-
of the Commissioners of. Patents,, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1865..
I, STANISLAUS HELCMAN, of 21, Ryder's Court, Leicester Square,. in the
Parish of Saint Anne, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,. do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED. ARRANGEMENT
FOR FASTENING SHIRTS, COLLARS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, BY
WHICH THE ORDINARY BUTTON OR STUD IS DISPENSED WITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed to offer increased facility with greater security.
in fastening articles of wearing apparel. It consists of a flat or rounded:
button head with a straight hollow shank, to the end of which are hinged.
two small arms, each having a small tab or lug entering the inside of the
hollow shank. A small spiral spring is fitted into the shank below the tabs.
or lugs to maintain the arms in a vertical or horizontal position as may
desired, and the whole arrangement may be made of gold, silver, or any other
metal..
be
Having now made known the nature of my Invention, I would observe that
I do not confine myself to any particular design or shape, the principle-
rendering it applicable to any form..
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANDRILS FOR ROLLERS, SUCH AS ARE USED FOR PRINTING. OR EMBOSSING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Fulton and John Fulton:
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,, with their Petition, on
the 14th July 1865.
We, DAVID FULTON and JOHN FULTON, both of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engravers to Calico Printers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANDRILS FOR ROLLERS,
SUCH AS ARE USED FOR PRINTING. OR EMBOSSING," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention has for its object the constructing of mandrils. for rollers,
such as are used for printing or enibossing, so as to be adjustable with facility
and accuracy to rollers of different sizes.
In one modification the improved mandril has formed or fixed on it near
one end a series of longitudinal inclines, and on these inclines a series of seg-
ments are fitted to slide, expanding by the action of the inclines as they are
moved towards the end of the mandiil. The segments enter inside the roller,
but are formed with shoulders to bear against the end edge of the roller. On
the other end of the mandril there is htted a movable tubular piece, which.
can be adjusted along the mandril by a nut connected to it, and working on a
screw cut on the mandril. The movable tubular piece is formed with a series
of longitudinal inclines, similar to those at the other end of the mandril, but
lying the opposite way, and the inclines have similar shouldered segments
fitted to slide on them. In order to put a roller on the mandril the movable
tubular piece is taken off, the roller is put on, its entering end moved up to
the shoulders of the segments on the fixed uchines, and forcing these segments

page_text: up the inclines until their segmental surfaces, which are parallel with the bore
of the roller, bear firmly against the inside of the roller The movable
tubular piece is then put on the mandril, and entered inside the other end of
the roller, and it is screwed up until its, segments being moved up the inclines
by their shoulders catching, on the end edge of the roller, bear firmly against
the inside of the roller. The segments are moved more or less up, the inclines
accordingly as the bore of the roller is more or less, and the same mandiil
can thus be easily adjusted to rollers of different bores, whilst it will not
matter if the bore is different at the opposite ends of the roller. The
improved mandril also imparts increased; stiffness, and strength to the roller,
as in addition to supporting the roller internally, it is also made to act as a
longitudinal tie by the pressure of the shoulders of the segments on the end
edges of the roller..
In another modification, the mandril is, made so, that a roller may be fixed
_on it with its outer surface truly concentric, although its bore_may_be_out_of_
truth. All that is necessary for this end is to make the segments adjustable
separately, which is accomplished by tapping a screw through the shoulder
of each such screw bearing on the end edge. of the roller instead of the
shoulder..
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BALLS, BLOOMS, OR SLABS OF MALLEABLE IRON OR STEEL
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Player at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April 1865.
I, JOHN PLAYER, of Norton, Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BALLS, BLOOMS, OR SLABS OF MALLEABLE IRON OR
STEEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to facilitate the forming a ball, bloom, or
slab of iron after it has been deprived of a portion of its carbon and impurities
by the puddling or other operation, and consists in the application of concussion,
caused by the sudden stoppage of the descent of the iron whilst in a semi-
fluid or welding state from a height, to cause it to agglomerate or weld
together into a ball, bloom, or slab. For this purpose the crude or pig iron
to be made into malleable iron or steel is melted in a cupola or reverberatory
furnace, and the fluid metal is then agitated either in the same furnace in
which it is melted or other containing vessel, either by manual labor or steam
power, in contact with fluid oxide of iron and other matters (as is usual when
puddling iron) until the mixture boils or froths up, and the iron becomes
malleable, or as it is termed "to nature;" when in this state the still fluid
mass is run out of the furnace or containing vessel in which it has been
agitated into a cast or wrought-iron receiver; in this receiver, should the
quality of iron or steel require it, the mass is exposed to the action of a jet or
jets of atmospheric air, olefiant gas, or other gases under pressure; the receiver

page_text: is then by means of machinery raised to a considerable height and allowed to
fall on to a block or anvil, and this operation is repeated until the iron has
separated itself from the fluid slag and formed itself into a ball, bloom, or slab,
which after the slag has been removed may be forged or rolled into any
desired form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DOOR MATS, FLESH AND BATH BRUSHES, MADE PRINCIPALLY OF INDIA-RUBBER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Barber at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December 1865.
I, GEORGE BARBER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF DOOR MATS, FLESH AND BATH BRUSHES, MADE PRINCIPALLY OF
INDIA-RUBBER," to be as follows:-
I construct the articles named in the above title by taking strips, lengths,
or pieces of india-rubber, or any of its preparations or compounds, and placing
them alternately with or between strips, lengths, or pieces of a suitable rigid
material or materials, either solid or hollow, such as wood, iron, papier
maché, vulcanite, or gutta percha, and allow the former, that is, the india-
rubber, to project above the latter in straight lines lengthwise or across the
mat or brush, or in various angular or other ornamental devices. The whole
of the strips, lengths, or pieces are tied together by bolts passing through
the whole or part of them, or they are secured or clamped in an outer frame.
The projecting portions of the strips, lengths, or pieces of india-rubber, or
any of its preparations or compounds, are formed or constructed so as to
present a considerable number of edges, points, or exposed surfaces by being
split, notched, bevilled, pointed, or otherwise formed with ornamental or other
terminations; for the purpose of enabling the cleaning to be effected by the
several articles in a speedy and effectual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDROMETERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Wilds Ladd and Ludwig
Oertling at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
- on the 10th January 1865.
We, EDWARD WILDS LADD and LUDWIG OERTLING, both of 27, Moorgate
Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDROMETERS," to be as follows:-
Metal hydrometers, such, for example, as Sykes' hydrometer and other
similar instruments for testing or determining [the density of liquids, are, as is
well known, constructed with a succession of weights. Hitherto these weights
have been severally composed of the same metal or alloy, and we have found
that owing to these successive weights being so constructed or manufactured,
great difficulty occurs and incorrectness of observation results when such an-
instrument is immersed into a solution or liquid (for the purpose of testing
its gravity). When such an instrument is immersed in a liquid of such
specific gravity that one of the several weights will float it at the lowest divi-
sion of the scale the next heavier weight should sink the instrument to the
highest division of the same scale; instead of this, however, it will be found in.
practice to sink beyond such division and consequently an incorrect indication.
will result. In order to overcome this inaccuracy we construct the successive-
weights herein mentioned and referred to of metallic alloys having a

page_text: composition which shall give to each of them a desired specific gravity, our
object being to employ such alloys of various specific gravities as shall regulate
the bulk of that portion of the hydrometer which shall be immersed in the
liquid under examination, and thereby insure accurate indication.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SWIVELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Welch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th September
1865.
I, JOSEPH WELCH, of Redditch, in the County of Worcester, Watchmaker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SWIVELS," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary manufacture of swivels the body of the swivel consists of a
nearly rectangular frame, in two opposite ends of which holes are made.
Rings provided with stems are connected with the said body by the said stems
being passed through the said holes, and a rivet head being made on the end
of each stem. In this method of manufacture it is difficult to make good
rivet heads on the ends of the stems in consequence of the rivetting being
effected within the frame, and the consequent difficulty of applying the requisite
percussion or pressure.
My Invention has for its object to obviate this difficulty, and consists in
making the body of the swivel in two halves, in which halves the ends of the
stems of the rings are rivetted before the said halves are connected. After
the formation of heads on the stems passed through the holes in the halves of
the body of the swivel, the said halves of the body are soldered, brazed, or
otherwise connected together.
In swivels made according to my Invention the body may either have the
ordinary form, or a cylindrical, or spherical, or other form. By making
the body of the swivel in two halves good heads can be readily made on

page_text: the ends of the stems by percussion or pressure, and such swivels are much
stronger than swivels of the ordinary manufacture.
I make the end pieces of the swivel carrying the rings, which are connected
to the halves of the body, in the following manner :-I make the end pieces
by pressing or shaping in dies, the said pieces consisting of a short rod or
stem, the ring being soldered or brazed on the said stem; or the stem and
ring may be in one piece. The stems or pivots of the end pieces are passed
through the halves of the body, and a rivet head made on the said stems inside
the said halves; the said halves are afterwards brazed, soldered, or otherwise
connected together as herein-before described. By making the end pieces of
the swivel in the manner described, economy in their production is secured,
combined with uniformity in size and strength.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MANUFACTURING WIRE CONDUCTORS FOR ELECTRO-TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Boggett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd September
1865.
I, WILLIAM BOGGETT, of Lindsey Row, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MANUFACTURING WIRE CONDUCTORS FOR ELECTRO-TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
The experiments of Farraday and other eminent electricians lead to the
belief that the currents of electricity usually employed in electro-telegraphy,
and transmitted by means of wire, do not penetrate the substance of the wire
to the slightest extent, but pass along it in contact with the surface only,
consequently a wire of any other metal coated with copper is, so far as
conductivity is concerned, as good as one of the same dimensions composed
wholly of copper, whilst it would possess the advantage of cheapness, and by
using a core of iron or steel of greatly increased tensile strength, and in cases
where either of those metals are suspended in the air the copper would protect
them from oxidation.
The method I prefer to employ in making the above wire is as follows:--
I pass copper wire between rollers in order to flatten it the requisite size and
thickness; it is then annealed and one end enfolded longitudinally over the
wire to be covered; in this state they are inserted in a hole of proper

page_text: dimensions in a draw plate, when the copper wire by the act of drawing
through will encase the iron core in a uniformly smooth and closely adhering
cover.
According to my view the power of conduction depends wholly on the amount
of surface. It may in some cases be desirable to increase the surface of the
wire by fluting it after the manner of pinion wire, and if desired it can be
ammalgamated with quicksilver.