Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd June, 1891-Accepted, 1st Aug., 1891
right angle to better show the construction;
Fig. 5 is a detail of the mechanism for raising and lowering the cutting tool;
and
Fig. 6 a detail (a section on the line of Fig. 1) of the pivoting devices for
the levers.
In said drawings 1 designates the bed-plate which has at one end a pattern-
table 2 provided with a series of concentric grooves 3 and dowel pins 4 for holding
a pattern 5 in place. A tracing-pin 6 having a small end 7 and a head 8 is
supported in a frame 9 attached to one end of the long lever 10, the end being free
to swing over the pattern-table 2. The other end of the lever 10 is connected to a
pivot 11 fixed in a cross-head sliding in guides 12. The pivot 11 is not fastened
directly to the lever 10, but to a block 13 that is adjustable in a slot 14 in the lever
On the screw
by means of a fine-threaded screw 15 having a graduated head 16.
is a jam-nut 17 for holding it in place when adjusted. The free end of this lever
is supported and guided between horizontal guides 54 and 55.
A
On the lever 10, intermediate the fulcrum and tracing-pin, is a pivot 18 to which
is connected one end of a lever 19 that extends horizontally at right angles to the
former lever. This lever is similar to the prime lever and has its outer end
pivoted and provided with like means for supporting and adjusting its fulcrum.
third lever 20, at right angles to the second lever, is pivoted thereon at a point 21,
and has its outer end pivoted by devices similar to those provided for the other
levers. This lever is of the same form as the others but is shorter.
At a point 22 on the lever 20 is pivoted the end of a fourth lever 23 of the same
form and length as the lever 20, and having its other.end connected to like fulcrum
devices. The fulcrums of all the levers are thus made capable of sliding and are
adapted to be adjusted with nicety.
The lever 23 carries, at a point corresponding with the pivotal point 22 on the
third lever, a work-holder 24. Over the center of the work-holder is a cutting-
tool 25 driven by a lathe-head 26, that is supported on a frame 27 in guides 28 on
a standard 29. The frame 27 is vertically adjustable by means of the screw 30
which has a graduated head 31. The upper end of this screw has a bushing 32
around it, held in place by two collars 33 and 34. In one side of the
bushing 32 are two holes 35 and 36, one near each end. This bushing with its
collar is held in a socket in a bracket 37 that is supported on top of the
standard 29. In the side of the bracket 37 in line with the hole 35 is a dowel-
pin 38 held in place by a spring 39. This pin prevents the bushing from turning

page_text: or rising while the lathe-head is being adjusted or while the tool is cutting. By
pulling out the pin 38 and rising the lathe-head by hand until the hole 36 is
opposite the pin 38 the tool may he kept clear of the blank so that it can be easily
removed from the work-holder.
In the work-holder 24 is a bushing 40 through the center of which is a hole to
receive a stem 41 of the blank 42, which is firmly held in position by the nut 43.
In the bushing 40 at one side of the center is a dowel-pin 44 that keeps the blank
from turning while being cut.
The manner in which the levers are pivoted at each of the points 18, 21 and 22
is as follows: (e.g. the levers 10 and 19, as in Fig. 6): On the end of the lever 19
is a round block 45 fastened to it to provide a longer bearing for the pin 46 than
the thickness of the lever itself would afford. A similar block 47 is fastened at the
under side of the lever 10 for the same purpose, and a comparatively long bearing
surface is thus afforded the pin 46. A nut 48 is screwed on the lower end of the
pin 46 so as to make it rigid in the lower lever. A knurled nut 49 is screwed down
to a shoulder on the upper end of the pin 46, so that the lever 19 can move
freely around the middle portion of the pin without binding when the nuts are
tightened.
The levers 10, 19, 20 and 23 are so arranged that when the tracing-point 6 is
over the center of the pattern table 2, the cutting-tool is over the center of the
blank-holder 24. One of the exterior tracing-grooves 3 represents on an enlarged
scale the circumference of the blank on which it is intended to cut the desired
character, so that when the tracing-point 6 follows this groove the cutting-tool
follows around the edge of the blank, touching without cutting it.
The pattern is
placed on the table in the exact relative position in respect to the center of the
table and of the concentric grooves, that it is desired the character should have on
the face of the blank relative to its center. To facilitate this placing of the
pattern the two dowel-pins 4 are put in the pattern-table and when the pattern is
once set holes are drilled in wings, 56, attached to the pattern, to correspond with
these holes. If desired the pattern-table may have graduations marked thereon
and the pattern can be set by the graduations.
The belt for operating the lathe-head runs over two idle-pulleys 51 and 52, that
are mounted on a standard 50, and down through holes 53 in the table.
The operation of the mechanism is as follows: By taking hold of the tracing-
pin and moving it around the contour of the pattern the direction and amount of all
movements of the pin 6 will be transmitted to the blank in the holder 24 in the
following manner : A movement of the tracer in a straight line from right to left,
as along the line - will cause the point 18 to move a shorter distance from right
to left but in a curve which approximates the arc of a circle of large diameter.
This curve will be transmitted to the point 21 in the form of a second curve of the
same length, but, because of the action of the lever 19 and the straight line
movement of the cross-head, the curve will be much reduced in height and thus be
nearer a straight line. The right to left movement of the point 22, and the length
of the lever 20 are such that the curve made by the point 21 is transmitted into a
practically straight line movement of the point 22, which movement is in turn
transmitted to the blank in the work-holder. In the same way a movement of the
tracing-pin at right angles to the line - produces a curved movement of the
point 21, and the movement is reduced in curvature at the point 22, and
the curvature disappears in a straight line at the work-holder. And so with the
movement of the tracer in other directions. Thus the tracer movements are
reproduced on a reduced scale at the work-holder.
It will be obvious that by changing or adjusting the lengths of the first and
second levers (10 and 19) to the same extent in the same direction the only
effect will be to correspondingly enlarge or reduce the reproduction of the pattern.
A similar result would follow with a like change of the third and fourth
levers (20 and 23) and also of the first and fourth, or second and third, provided
the adjustment of each lever was proportioned to its length. If proportional and
.

page_text: like adjustments of the first and third levers be made without disturbing the second
and fourth, the effect will be to correspondingly increase or decrease the width of
the reduced reproduction without changing its height; while if such changes are
made in the second and fourth levers without disturbing the first and third, the
effect will be to change the height of the reproduction without affecting its width.
In general it may be said, that changing the levers that are at right angles to each
other effects a change in the scale of reproduction without changing its relative
proportions; while changing any two of the levers that are parallel affects the
scale of reproduction in one direction without affecting it in the other.
"
"
This capability of changing the proportions of the reproductions is of especial
advantage in cutting dies for a matrix-making machine in which it is desired to
have the characters correspond to printers' type. For example, the "pica em
which is of an inch square, being taken as a standard, its quantity is divided into
twelve "points," and all sizes of type are made so that the height of body shall be
some definite number of such "points." In a matrix machine each movement of the
matrix material is some multiple of a definite quantity, and to obtain this quantity
the width of the "pica cm is divided into a certain number of units (dependent
upon the size of the type), and each character is made up of a definite number of
these units. That is, the height of characters is measured in "points," the "point"
being of an inch, and the width of a character is measured in units," the "unit
being always some fraction of a "pica em" and a constant fractional portion of each
character. Thus the letter " a is always four units in width, and the size of the
character depends upon the length of these units and is also a fractional portion of
a "pica em." Matrix machines are usually made so that they will feed the matrix
material any required number of units, but these units are always of the same
length.
CC
"
"
"
To illustrate the application of the present mechanism to the cutting of dies for a
matrix machine, let it be supposed that the matrix machine is to print from any
one of three sizes of dies, as minion, brevier and bourgeois and that the length of the
unit is of a pica em.' As these sizes of type are respectively, 7, 8 and 9
points high, and as any character always has a width of units of definite length,
("a" for example which has a width of four units,) it follows that the dies for this
purpose must represent that."fat" or extended "minion," a medium brevier, and
the "lean" or condensed bourgeois. To accomplish this on the machine a pattern
is made of the exact form it is required that the brevier type shall be and the
machine is so constructed that when set in its medium adjustment it will make an
exact reduced reproduction of this pattern which will produce a medium brevier.
The second and fourth levers are then adjusted so as to reduce the height of the
reproduction the proper amount without changing the width, and the "fat" minion
may thus be cut. The levers may then be changed so as to increase the height of
the cut the proper amount and the "lean" bourgeois may be cut. It will be
apparent that by changing the first and third levers instead of the second and fourth
"fat" and "lean" bourgeois can also be cut from the same pattern; and it will be
further apparent that by a proper adjustment of all the levers, the medium and mean
characters of any size type can be cut from one set of patterns.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I clain is:
1. In a mechanism for transferring patterns and changing their scale, a system
of levers pivotally connected to one another, and provided to fulcrums movable with
their levers but in fixed courses.
2. In a mechanism for transferring patterns and changing their scale, a system
of levers-pivotally connected to one another, and pivoted to fulcrums movable with
their levers but in fixed courses and which are adjustable to vary the length of
leverage.
3. In a mechanism for transferring patterns and changing their scale, a system

page_text: of pivotally connected levers, each of which is pivoted to an independently
adjustable fulcrum that has a rectilinear movement produced by an axial movement
of its lever.
4. A pattern transferring mechanism, comprising pivotally connected levers,
each of which is also pivoted to a fulcrum that is constrained to move in a straight
course, in combination with devices for independently adjusting each fulcrum to vary
the length of its lever.
5. In a mechanism for transferring patterns and changing their scale, a system
of pivotally connected levers each of which is pivoted to a sliding fulcrum having
rectilinear movement at a right angle to the movement of the fulcrum of the next
lever of the series.
6. In a mechanism for transferring patterns and changing their scale, a system
of pivotally connected levers having their fulcrums on moving pivots whose courses
are straight and in sequence are at angles and in alternation are parallel to one
another.
7. In a mechanism for transferring patterns and changing their scale, a series of
pivotally connected levers each of which, in norinal position, is at right angles to the
next of the series, and each of which is pivoted to a fulcrum that is moved by its
lever in a course parallel to the line of the normal position of the lever.
8. In a transfer and reduction mechanism, a system of oscillating levers pivoted
to fulcrums that move in fixed courses, whereby the movements of the free end of
the prime lever are transmitted in reduced extent to a point intermediate the pivotal
points of the final lever.
9. A transfer and reduction mechanism, comprising a system of connected levers
having fulcrums movable in fixed courses, in combination with means for adjusting
the fulcrums to vary the extent of the reduction without changing the position of
either pattern of blank.
10. A transfer and reduction mechanism, comprising a system of connected
levers having adjustable fulcrums arranged to move in fixed courses, and providing
means for shifting the fulcrums to vary the width without affecting the height, or
the height without affecting the width of the reproduction, substantially as set
forth.
11. In a reducing mechanism having a system of connected levers fulcrumed on
pivots that move in fixed courses, graduated adjusting devices for shifting the
fulcrums to vary the extent of the reductions.
12. In a transfer and reduction mechanism, a system of connected levers
fulcrumed on pivots that slide in fixed courses, the prime lever being adapted to
follow a pattern and the final lever carrying a blank holder, substantially as set
forth.
13. A transfer and reduction mechanism consisting of four connected levers,
each attached to a separate pivot that moves in a fixed course, and each lever being
independently adjustable as to its length, substantially as set forth.
14. In a transfer mechanism, fixed guides and a cross-head therein carrying a
pivot-pin, a lever having one end connected to said pin and the other to another
lever, a blank carried intermediate the pivotal connections of the former lever, a
pattern, and means, substantially as described, for producing a reduced copy of the
pattern on the blank.
15. A rotary cutting-tool, a blank thereunder carried by a vibrating lever, a
sliding cross-head providing a pivot for one end of the lever, a second lever providing
a pivot for the other end of the former lever, and a series of pivoted sliding levers
for moving the blank-holding lever to present the blank to the tool, substantially as
set forth.
16. A rotary cutter, a blank-holder, a pattern, a tracer, and a system of pivotally
connected sliding levers for transmitting to the tool-holder movements corresponding
in direction but reduced in extent made by the tracer around the pattern.
17. In a die-cutting machine, a die-blank, a rotary cutting-tool, a character
pattern and a table therefor, a tracer, and a system of pivotally connected levers

page_text: having fulcrums moving in fixed courses, whereby the tracer movements about the
pattern will be repeated by the blank about the tool.
18. In a die-cutting machine, a die-blank, a rotary cutting-tool, a character
pattern and a table therefor provided with means for holding the pattern eccen-
trically, a tracer, and a system of pivotally connected sliding levers for causing the
movement of the tracer about a pattern placed eccentrically on the table to present
the blank in like eccentric position to the cutter.
19. In a die-cutting machine, a work-holder, consisting of a fixed shell, a
removable bushing therefor and a spring catch for holding said bushing in place,
substantially as set forth.
20. In a die-cutting machine, a blank, a rotary tool for cutting it, an adjustable
holder for supporting the tool and a screw having a graduated head for adjusting
the holder, substantially as set forth.
1001
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
Glasgow and London, Agent.