IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Mason, of Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, and Luke Ryder, of the same place,
Mechanic, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 19th December 1853, and dated the 27th June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Mason and
Luke Ryder at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with-
their Petition, on the 27th June 1853.
We, JOHN MASON and LUKE RYDER, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES " to
be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to the lapping machine, and consists
in causing the web of material to be delivered to the lap roller at a
point beyond that at which it runs in contact with the first lapping
drum, or that which is nearest to the feeding end of the machine.
Thus, for instance, suppose the lap, during its formation, to rest upon

page_text: two lapping rollers, we conduct the web of material under the first
roller, and pass it over the second, to be then wound upon the lap
roller.
Another point of novelty in the lapping machine consists in the
adaptation of revolving apparatus for effecting a positive amount of
resistance to the winding on of the web, so as to effect a required com-
pression during the increasing diameter of the lap; thus, for instance,
I employ slowly revolving cams, which, through the intervention of
suitable parts. cause a pressure upon the material; at the commence-
ment of winding on the lap the largest radius of this cam will be in
operation, but as the layers of material accumulate the acting parts
of the cam will be of less radii, and in proportion to the increasing
diameter of the lap.
Secondly, our Invention refers to the condenser carding engine, and
consists in an arrangement for removing the slivers, which pass through
the engine with spaces between them, therefrom. The doffer is covered
with fillet cards from end to end, and from this we remove the slivers
by means of two or more strippers provided with rings of cards, the
aggregate number of which corresponds to the number of slivers
passing over the carding cylinder.
Our next improvement also relates to condenser carding engines,
and consists in a peculiar method of employing a second twisting
apparatus for the slivers. The material, after passing between the
usual travelling straps or revolving tubes, is conducted between a pair
of rollers, and from thence between the second set of straps or tubes,
which have a motion imparted to them suitable for operating upon the
slivers in a direction opposite to that of the first set; and it is this
reversed twisting which constitutes the novelty of our Invention.
Our next improvement relates to certain apparatus for winding
narrow laps at the first and second or intermediate carding engine, to
be applied for feeding the next process of carding. In the machinery
to which we now refer the laps are wound by surface motion upon
bobbins, which are mounted in slots of end framings; one side of these
slots is capable of being turned downward upon a centre, in order to
remove a full bobbin and substitute one next to be filled.

page_text: In such arrangement of apparatus it has been usual to apply a prosser
for the purpose of consolidating the material. One part of our In-
vention relating to this apparatus consists in causing the slivers to be
wound on to the bobbins without the employment of such presser;
another novelty consists in the employment of a pair of rollers, through
which the slivers pass, and which are caused to revolve at a suitable
rate for acting as a slightly detaining medium, thereby causing a
drag upon the bobbin, by which the material is more tightly wound. .
Our next improvement consists in the application of rotatory guides
for separating the slivers of material in condensing carding engines as
they pass along, and from the rings of cards to the twisting apparatus.
Our next improvement relates to engines, scutchers, or other machines
in which that apparatus commonly known as the "patent feeder" is
employed, or in which a straight edge, in combination with two feeding
rollers, is adapted in lieu thereof, and consists in combining therewith
a roller or rollers having flutes formed upon their periphery in two
directions so as to cross each other; this may be done by forming
longitudinal grooves, and others at right angles thereto, by cutting
spiral threads, as right and left-handed screws, or by combining
longitudinal with spiral flutings.
Our next improvement consists in a method of working the doffer
comb of carding engines. The comb is mounted upon a rod, which at
top, instead of being fixed as usual, is jointed to a vibrating lever, and
at bottom to a crank caused to revolve from any convenient part of
the machinc.
Our next improvement consists in the adaptation of such fluted
rollers as we have above described to the purpose of drawing or deliver-
ing the material in drawing frames, slubbing and roving frames, and
spinning machines.
Our next improvement relates to the throstle spinning frame, and
consists in casting the guides or bearings for the lifting rail rods on to
the "spring picce," instead of attaching them by bolts or other such
means as now practised.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Mason and Luke Ryder in the Great Seal
Patent Office, on the 27th December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
JOHN MASON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
and LUKE RYDER, of the same place, Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS er most Excellent Majesty Queen Victorin, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of June, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seventeenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said John Mason and Luke Ryder. Her
especial licence that we, the said John Mason and Luke Ryder, our
excentors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
John Mason and Luke Ryder, our excentors, administrators, and
assigns. should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed.
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
John Mason and Luke Ryder, by an instrument. in writing under our
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Mason and Luke Ryder,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, to be particularly described and as-
certained in and by the following statement and accompanying Draw-
ings, that is to say:
Our Invention relates, firstly, to the lapping machine, and consists in
causing the web of material to be delivered to the lap roller at a point

page_text: beyond that at which it runs in contact with the first lapping drum, or
that which is nearest to the feeding end of the machine.
Another point of novelty in the lapping machine consists in the
adaptation of revolving apparatus for cllecting a positive amount of
resistance to the winding on of the web, so as to effect a required
compression during the increasing diameter of the lap.
Secondly, our Invention refers to the condenser carding engine, and
consists in an arrangement for removing such slivers as pass through
the engine with spaces between them. The doffer is covered with
fillet cards from end to end, and from this we remove the slivers by
means of two or more strippers provided with rings of cards, the aggre-
gate number of which corresponds to the number slivers passing over the
carding cylinder.
Our next improvement also relates to condenser carding engines, and
consists in a peculiar method of employing a second twisting apparatus
for the slivers.
Our next improvement relates to certain apparatus now used for
winding narrow laps at the first and second or intermediate carding
engine, such narrow laps being wound for the purpose of feeding the
next process of carding. In the apparatus to which we now refer the
laps are wound by surface motion upon bobbins which are mounted
in slots of end framings; one side of these slots is capable of being
turned downward upon a centre, in order to remove a full bobbin and
substitute one next to be filled.
In such arrangement of apparatus it has been usual to apply a
presser for the purpose of consolidating the material. One part of our
Invention relating to this apparatus consists in causing the slivers to
be wound on to the bobbins without the employment of such presser.
Another novely consists in the employment of a pair of rollers through
which the slivers pass, and which are caused to revolve at a suitable
rate for acting as a slightly detaining medium, thereby causing a drag
upon the bobbins, by which the material is more tightly wound.
Our next improvement consists in the application of rotary guides
for separating the slivers of material in condensing carding engines as
they pass along, and from the rings of cards to the twisting apparatus.

page_text: "
Our next improvement relates to engines. scutches, or other ma-
chines in which that apparatus commonly known as the patent
feeder is employed, or in which a straight edge, in combination with
two feeding rollers, is adapted in lieu thereof, and consists in combining
therewith a roller or rollers having flutes formed upon their periphery
in two directions so as to cross each other.
Our next improvement, according to our Provisional Specification,
consisted in a method of working the dofler comb of carding engines,
but we have subsequently found that the arrangement therein described
had been previously used, and we therefore omit our claim to the same
in our Complete Specification.
Our next improvement consists in the adaptation of such fluted
rollers as we have above described to the purpose of drawing or deli-
vering the material in drawing frames, slubbing and roving frames.
and spinning machines.
Our next improvement relates to the throstle spinning frame, and
consists in casting the guides or bearings for the lifting rail rods on to
the "spring piece," instead of attaching them by bolts or other such
means as now practised.
Having thus set forth the leading features of our Invention according
to our Provisional Specification, we will proceed to point out, by aid of
the accompanying Drawings, how the same may be carried into prac-
tical effect.
Figure 1, is a partial sectional view of a lap machine arranged
according to our first improvement, and Fig. 2, is a side view of the
same. The ordinary calendar rollers are shewn at a, and the lap at b,
resting upon two lapping drums c, e; and d, is a third roller, between
which and that shewn at c, the material passes on its way to the lap.
It will be perceived that by this arrangement the commencement of
winding the web is at a point beyond the lapping roller ; and by
this we find that a more even, and condensed mass may be obtained.
The roller , is driven by a toothed wheel c, upon the axle of the top
calender roller, taking into a pinion represented at f. The rollers c,
and d, are caused to revolve by suitable arrangements of gearing in any
usual manner.

page_text: Our second improvement is also shewn at Fig. 2; the axle of the
lap b, is surmounted by the crooked end of a rod h, which rod, passes
through a guide i, and is provided at its lower end with a roller.j,
bearing against the periphery of a heart-shaped cam k, mounted upon
the shaft, to which rotary motion is communicated by a worm m,
upon the axle of the lapping roller c, the said worm being in gear
with a pinion n, affixed to a shaft turning in a socket o, the other end
of which is provided with a pinion taking into the teeth of a wheel
upon the shaft 1.
will be at the
raise the lap
At the commencement of forming a lap the roller
largest diameter of the cam k, and a force exerted to
roller will therefore be resisted by the periphery thereof; as, however,
the material accumulates the said cam is caused to revolve positively,
and by gradually bringing smaller radii from k, to *, to bear upon the
roller j, will allow the lap roller to rise in its slot, but will at all times
possess a resisting power as is now obtained by the action of friction
breaks or weights. When the full lap has been completed, a stud 9,
will have arrived in contact with an arm r, projecting from the centre
of the ordinary levers, whereby the supporting piece t, will be forced
from its notch, and the said lever allowed to descend. This action will
have removed a support u, from beneath the shaft o, which will then
be free to turn upon a centre v, so as to disengage the wheel n, from
the worm m, and the motion of the cam k, k, will be arrested, at the
same time the levers, being turned upon its centre as usual, will dis-
engage the driving power from the calendar rollers. In order to
remove the lap, the attendant, by turning the pulley handle a, raises
the rod h, so as to free the axle of the roller from its hook. Upon
another lap roller being applied, the attendant, by means of the pulley
handle a, will turn back the cam h, k, to the starting point, and
restore the driving wheels to the position shewn by means of the
handle w.
Our third improvement is shewn in the partial sectional view of a
condenser carding engine at Fig. 3. The material is fed into the
machine in the state of slivers, kept apart by wide guides, in order to
cause the material to pass through in distinct ribbons, as is now

page_text: .
practised; from the cylinder a, these distinct ribbons are transferred to
the doffer b, which, according to our improvement, is covered with
cards from end to end, and from this they are removed by the strippers
c, c, provided with rings of cards, as shewn in Fig. 4, the spaces of one
being placed over the rings of the other, and from thence they are
conducted to any usual twisting apparatus, or to that constituting our
improvement, herein-after to be described. We have shewn two
strippers only, but a greater number may be employed, if desired, by so
disposing the rings thereon as to be equal in the aggregate to the
number of ends to be stripped.
Our fourth improvement is shown in Fig. 3, before referred to, and
also in the enlarged detached view Fig. 5. The usual twisting straps
are shown at d, and in front of these are situate two others e, between
which the material passes after leaving the first pair. In this instance,
however, a reversed twisting is given to the fibres by causing the said
second pair of straps to revolve in a direction contrary to that of the
first pair d, and such travelling motion may be communicated by any
convenient arrangement of driving apparatus. If tubes be used
instead of straps, we, in like manner, apply a second series, and cause
them to revolve in the contrary direction. Fig. 6, represents an en-
larged detached view of a modification of this part of our improvements;
in this instance the material is caused to pass over a strap f, travelling
around two rollers g, and beneath two other straps h, i, the one being
caused to travel in a direction opposite to the other, by which means
the desired reversed twisting is obtained. In this application the
roller o, combined with the strap f, answers the purpose of the ordinary
rollers p, shewn in Fig. 3. In our Provisional Specification we alluded
.to the use of rollers between the first and second sets of twisting appa-
ratus, but we do not find that such an arrangement is positively neces
sary, and the machinery is of course simplified by dispensing with them;
they may, however, if desired, be used.
Our fifth improvement is shown at Fig. 7, in which a, b, represent
the framework of that description of winding machine to which this
part of our Invention relates; the part b, is mounted so as to turn upon
the axis c, of the surface drum d, for the purpose of facilitating the

page_text: removal of the lap e. As before stated, it has been usual in these
apparatus to pass the material through a presser as it is wound into a
lap. According to one part of our improvements upon this machine
we conduct the sliver direct from the guide f, on to the bobbin e,
without a presser, upon which bobbin it is traversed by the usual
vibrating lever g, actuated by the cam h. The rollers constituting our
other improvement in this machine are shown at i; they are driven by.
suitable gearing at such a speed as to act as a slightly detaining power.
against the winding of the material on to the bobbin.
Our sixth improvement is shewn at Fig. 3, before referred to, in
which j, j, are shafts, each one provided with a series of circular discs k,
so adapted as to occupy positions about the centres of the spaces between
the rings of cards. The shafts j, have rotatory motion communicated
to them in the direction of the arrows by any suitable arrangement, and
serve to keep separate the several slivers as they pass towards the
twisting apparatus: In order to free the discs k, from any fibres that
may adhere to them we adapt revolving brushes, scrapers, or other
clearers, in contact with which they are caused to pass.
Our seventh improvement is shewn in Fig. 3, before referred to, in
which ; is the dish of the "patent feeder," and m, the roller, constructed
according to our improvement, and shown in another view at Fig. 8.
The periphery, it will be perceived, is cut with flutings, so directed as.
to cross cach other, and this crossing may be by two spirals, as shewn,
by rectangular lines, or by combinations of the two.
In some cases, instead of the "patent feeder" above described, an
apparatus, shewn at Fig. 9, is employed; and this part of our Invention
also consists in substituting the description of roller illustrated at Fig. 8,
for those commonly employed, as at a, a, in combination with the
straight edge b.
Our eighth improvement will have been explained by the previous.
reference to Fig. 8; this part of our Invention consisting in the ap-
plication of the description of roller there explained to the purposes
of drawing or delivering the material in drawing frames, slubbing or
roving frames, and spinning machines.
Our last improvement is shown at Fig. 10, which is a partial view of

page_text: a throstle frame constructed according to our Invention. The guides
or bearings for the lifting rail are shown at a, a, cast on to the "spring
piece," instead of being attached thereto in separate parts, as is now
practised.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire
it to be understood that we claim as secured to us under the above in
part recited Letters Patent,-
Firstly, as applied to lapping machines, causing the web of mate-
rial to be delivered to the lap roller at a point beyond that at which it
runs in contact with the lapping drum nearest to the feeding end of
the machine.
Secondly, as applied to lap machines, the application of a surface
driven positively for effecting a resistance to the winding on of the
web.
Thirdly, as applied to those condenser carding engines in which the
material passes through the machine in distinct ribbons, the combination
of two or more strippers having rings of cards, with a doffer covered
from end to end with cards.
Fourthly, as applied to condenser carding engines, the use of a
second twisting apparatus operating upon the material in a reversed
direction to that of the first.
Fifthly, as applied to the particular apparatus above described for
winding narrow laps, we claim effecting such winding without the use
of a presser and also, in combination with the said winding machine,
we claim the use of rollers for effecting a detaining force upon the
material previously to its reaching the surface upon which it is to be
wound.
Sixthly, as applied to condenser carding engines, we claim the appli-
cation of rotatory guides for keeping the ends separate during their
passage to the twisting apparatus.
Seventhly, as applied to the patent feeder, or the arrangement shewn
at Fig. 9, we claim the use of rollers having flutings formed upon
them, which cross each other.
Eightly, the application of rollers having flutings so as to cross cach 8

page_text: other to drawing frames, slubbing and roving frames, and spinning
machines.
Ninthly, we claim casting the guides or bearings for the lifting rods
of throstle frames with the "spring piece" of the machine.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jolin Mason, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
JOHN MASON. (L.S.)