IMPROVEMENTS IN MEAT AND VEGETABLE CUTTING, AND APPLE PARING, AND SLICING MACHINERY
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Goodchild, of the City of New York, and
Samuel Francis Hay, of the Town of Metuchen, County of Middlesex, State
of New Jersey, United States of America, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEAT AND VEGETABLE CUTTING, AND APPLE PARING, AND SLICING
MACHINERY,"
Sealed the 21st July 1876, and dated the 19th May 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Goodchild and
Samuel Francis Hay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th
May 1870.
WILLIAM HENRY GOODCHILD, of the City of New York, and SAMUEL FRANCIS
HAY, of the Town of Metuchen, County of Middlesex, State of New Jersey, United
States of America. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEAT AND VEGETABLE CUTTING, AND APPLE
PARING, AND SLICING MACHINERY."
The object of our Invention is to provide an improved machine of light but
strong construction, arranged to combine within itself the capabilities of a vegetable
slicer, a meat hasher, and an apple parer and slicer; with capabilities for simple and
almost instantaneous adjustment for either of the above purposes.
Our machine as arranged for a meat or vegetable cutter is of that class in which
one or more sets of cross-cutting or slitting knives are used in combination with
radial slicing knives in a rotating cutter head or wheel for the purpose of reducing
the material acted upon thereby into fine pieces.
Upon the leg of a frame which supports the table top is formed a bearing for
a shaft. An adjusting nut is loosely fitted upon this shaft. So much of the hub
ns projects forward to the face of the wheel is strongly connected to the rim by
bars or spokes cast therewith, and the steel radial slicing knives which are firmly
screwed to both hub and rim form additional spokes to strengthen the entire
wheel. Those portions of the hub which are behind the central portions of the
gauge plate are recessed from the face of the wheel. In the hub is also formed a
recess to hold the said adjusting nut and permit a free lateral motion therein of the
concentric hub of the gauge plate. This hub is tapped to move back and forth
within the recess upon the nut. Motion of the nut causes the entire gauge plate
to recede from or advance to the cutting edges of the knives, thus affording means
for gauging the thickness of their cut. Shoulders formed at the hub prevent any
shaking of the said plate, insure its correct lateral movement, and cause it to revolve
077

page_text: with the other portions of the cutter wheel. A set screw tightly binds the wheel
to the shaft. The shaft wheel collar and nut revolve together.
In embodying our arrangement of gauge plate and knives within the wheel for
tobacco, root, smoked meat, or other heavy cutting, it would be desirable to have
the four sectional faces of the wheel formed entirely of moderately heavy cast or
wrought iron, but our special object being to provide a machine for use in the
kitchen having in a given size and in all parts a maximum of strength with a
minimum of weight, we construct said faces as follows:-The relation of the bars and
knives to the hub and rim is above stated. The spaces between said bars and knives
we cover by tin or sheet metal plates; these plates, knives, and the face of the rim
revolve close to the edge of the table leg irrespective of the position of the gauge
plate. In the top edges of the knives we cut a slot, into which we insert the edges
of the face plates. The segmental sides or edges of the bars are extended around and
upon the face of the rim. The bars are of the same thickness as the rim to prevent
any opening through the face of the wheel when the gauge plate is set back its
farthest distance from the cutting edges of knives other than that near the cutting
edges through which the cut material passes. By joining the plates to the knives,
spokes, and rim we add strength to the wheel and obtain equivalents of thin large
cutting blades, which present at the back few or no obstacles to a clean easy cut
The sectional faces of the gauge plate we also form of sheet metal fixed to a cast
frame. We bond the facings for some distance around the bars which form portions
of the frame of the gauge plate sections.
All substances cut by our machine are. fod against the face of the wheel, and
being acted upon by the knives they pass through the wheel and are discharged at
the back thereof. To prevent a scattering of such cut material by the revolution
of the wheel we employ a removable case or guide. We form this case preferably
of one piece, wire the edge and corrugate its face. The case may be extended
downward and closed at the bottom, thus forming a receptacle for the cut
material; but we prefer to cut off a segment of its bottom and allow the cuttings
to fall into a pan or dish placed below the opening. We wire this opening, and
one of the sides of the wire we extend into a bearing formed in a projection from
the leg.
To secure the handlo to the case so as to remove them from the shaft together
and avoid unnecessary handling of parts we turn a groove in the handle. The
aforesaid screw projects into the groove leaving the handle free to turn. That
portion of the shaft upon which the handle is placed may be formed square and the
handle fitted to it. It will be evident that the central support will keep the case
entirely free of the wheel or any of the parts connected therewith.
Our arrangement of cross-cutting or slitting knives is as follows:-Cast upon
the rim and hub sufficiently back from the face of the wheel to allow the full
backward movement of the adjustable gauge plate are the projecting bearings,
which are correspondingly grooved to permit the bars upon which the knives are
placed to snugly slide therein. Pieces on the bars separate the knives the required
distance. Projecting upward from the body of the cross bar at each end are yokes
which cross over the knife bars. The opposite downward projections are pivoted
on projections. The levers are loosely riveted upon the backs of the cross bars
and project outward beyond the rim. Springs act downward to keep the said
lovers engaged in either of the slots cut in the projections. The cross bars prevent
any side play of the knives when the said levers are in the slots the points of the
knives will be drawn so far back that they will not cut.
To change the machine from a plain slicer to a hasher or mincer the said levers are
raised from the above described slots and swing over into other slots, which simple
movement slides the points of all the knives through the gauge plates out a little
beyond the cutting edges of the radial slicing knives and the face of the wheel,
the revolution of which causes the said points to pass through slots cut in the table.
A single adjustment and locking of the knives as aforesaid sufficing for any
thickness of the cut of the wheel. The knives are always attached to the back of

page_text: the wheel. To insure their cleanliness we fix the outer sheet metal boxes to the
projections and rim by screws. The hub forms the inner ends of boxes, and their
outer ends have holes cut therein sufficiently large to permit the free operation of
the aforesaid levers. To the backs of said plates are secured sheet metal strips,
which project backward about as far as the cross bars. The double boxes thus
formed always closely cover the knives and their operating mechanism, and also
the recess in the hub. If desired the slitting knives can be placed within the
wheel on a different radius from the knives to prevent their cutting at about the
same time.
Our improved feeding apparatus is as follows:-A rod which is screwed to the
legs acts with tie rod to bind the entire table together, and also acts as a stop for
the heel of the feeder which is so placed upon one of the rods as to permit it to
slide thereon to or from the face of the wheel and also to swing around below the
front of the table out of the way of the apple parer when the latter is adjusted to
the machine. Cast with the bearing and heel are a supporting extension and stripper
bar, with which are cast the handle and bearing. To secure lightness and avoid
rivet heads and sharp edges we solder the sheet metal face around a cast metal
frame, into the bottom edge of which and through the facing we insert the teeth or
pins. The joint action of the said rods and heel keeps the points of the teeth from
touching the table top. Any substance which will readily slide over a flat surface
may be pushed up to the knives by sliding the feeder on the rod and without
sticking the teeth therein.
Swinging the feeder on the rod permits the catching and holding by the teeth of
any irregularly shaped substance while it is being fed to the knives.
The back face of the table or fender is preferably curved to conform to the
cutting line of the knives. A bearing formed in a stout lug projecting from the
leg provides a support for a stout pin, cast upon which is a frame or backing which
reinforces the tin or sheet metal face that it may resist any outward push of the
material cut by the knives. Said face is turned at its top and outer end around
stout wire, one end of which is fastened in the said backings, the other end forming
apin which loosely fits a bearing formed in the leg, the whole fender can be readily
raised from the bearings for cleaning purposes, and also to make room for the apple
parer. The tin box with cover which is attached to the under side of the table
top serves to hold a whetstone to be used in sharpening the knives.
Our apple parer and slicer is attached to the table of the meat and vegetable
cutter as follows:-From the bottom of the curved standard projects a stout pin,
which snugly fits the bearing in the leg, the fender being removed to make room
therefor. The entire frame of the table of the meat and vegetable cutter thus
forming a firm support for the apple parer and slicer. A fork is firmly screwed upon
the forward end of a rod which is journalled in the standard. Upon the back end
of this rod is cast a cam, a skew bevil wheel, and holdfast. Upon the forward
end of a rod which passes through these parts is rigidly secured a head piece
notched around the tines thereof. A handle is fixed on the outer end of the said
rod. This arrangement of notched head piece rod and handle forms a pusher with
which the pared apple or the core thereof is forced off the fork or adjusted, and by
which the sections are held up to the knives until they are entirely reduced to slices.
A stop cast upon the standard acts against a stop cast upon the leg to prevent
the swinging of the fork against the knives. A pawl is pivoted to the standard,
and a spring acts to keep its upper end engaged with the holdfast. It is necessary
to disengage tho said pawl from the holdfast when the standard is swung around to
bring a pinion into gear with a driving gear wheel cast upon the rim of the cutter
wheel and while the operation of paring the apple is being performed. This is
accomplished automatically by causing the lower end of the said pawl to strike the
stop cast upon the leg. Swinging the pared apple on the fork toward the slicing
knives will disengage the pinion from the driving gear wheel and permit the said
spring to engage the pawl with the holdfast, the action of which in connection with
the notched head piece and fork will securely hold the apple against the cut of the

page_text: knives. Any desired thickness of slice can be cut from the apple by adjusting the
gauge plate as herein-before set forth.
To automatically pare the apple the cam actuates a sliding bar, the upper portion
of which is hinged to the other portion and is curved upward at its outer end to
form a pressing knob or handle. A pawl acts in ratchet teeth cast upon the
driver. The knife in the knife bar is held up to the apple by a spring that is
secured to a head piece, to which the knife bar is firmly pivoted. A flexible hold-
fast is secured to one of the standards and acts in the teeth to hold the driver
and knife while the pawl is thrown back to engage with another one of the teeth.
The spring causes the foot of the sliding bar to closely follow the surface of the
cain. A projecting spur cast upon the standard receives and retains the knife bar
after the knife has pared the apple. The spring is properly coiled around and fas-
tened to the top of the head piece, and acts to swing the knife. The handle is cast
on the head of the standard to hold the pinion in gear with the wheel. An over-
hanging shield protects the lower working parts from the parings thrown from the
knife.
The standard is preferably centred to swing the pinion in gear with the gear
wheel on an angle of 45 degrees with the face of the cutter wheel. By centreing
the pin on the line from the face of the cutting wheel, but further back from the
main bearing, any angle of inclination between 45 and 90 degrees with the wheel
may be obtained without changing the operation or effect of the machine. Wo
prefer to centre the pin so as to gear the pinion with the wheel when the fork
is at right angles with the face of the cutter wheel and revolves in the same plane
of motion.
We make the table top removable to allow sufficient room for the free rotation
of large apples when on the fork. To arrange our apple parer and slicer for paring
only it is but necessary to make the stud and bearing of square or such other form
as will prevent the swinging of the standard, and consequently keep the pinion
always in gear with the wheel when the parer is in use. In our machine as
arranged without renovable fender or slitting knives and for use in paring and
slicing apples only the swinging standard may be held permanently within the
bearing by a pin or nut placed through or upon the stud below the bearing.
To construct the machine as a plain slicer only the slitting knives with their
operating means, their projecting supports, and the double coverings are all
oinitted.
We modify our feeding apparatus and our apple parer as follows:-The face of
the feeder, the bearing, and the curved projection which connects the face with the
bearing and slide piece are preferably cast in one piece. The projection also
serves as a handle to slide the feeder up to the knives in the cutter wheel. The
teeth are inserted in the bottom edge of the face. The stripper bar is firmly
fastened to the rod which is loosely fitted in the bearing, and has a cap fastened
on its upper end. Two metal pieces form the slotted bearing in and around which
the sliding piece is snugly fitted. A projection on the bearing acts against the
slide piece to keep the points of the teeth from the table top. The slide piece acts
to prevent the feeder from coming in contact with the cutter wheel.
Our apple paring machine is arranged for paring only as follows:-A stud on
the standard is formed to fit the square bearing in the leg or frame and thus always
hold the pinion in gear with the driving gear wheel when the parer is in use.
The special object of this arrangement of apple parer is to support the fork on
or in a removable standard placed within a bearing in the frame or table of a
meat and vegetable cutter and adjacent to the driving gear wheel formed upon the
cutter wheel of said cutter so as to permit the rotation of said fork on a plane
at or nearly at right angles with the plane of motion of said cutter wheel, and at
such distance therefrom and from the table top as will allow ample room for the
free rotation of large apples placed thereon. A ledge is formed on a standard to
protect the gearing from the parings thrown from the knife.

page_text: screwed to both hub and rim and form additional spokes to strengthen the entire
wheel A. Those portions b³ of the hub b which are behind the central portions c²
of the gauge plate C are recessed from the face of the whoel A for a distance equal
to the thickest cut it is desired to give the knives D, and the thickness of the
gauge plate casting. In the hub b' is also formed a recess of sufficient depth to
hold the adjusting nut b, and of such diameter as will permit a free lateral motion
therein of the concentric hub c¹ of the gauge plate C. This hub c¹ is tapped to
snugly but freely move back and forth within the recess in the hub b* upon the
screw thread cut on the nut b on turning the latter on the shaft B by means of its
enlarged portion b³ in front of the wheel A. Any such motion of the nut b causes
the entire gauge plate C to recede from or advance to the cutting edges of the knives
D, thus affording convenient and simple means for gauging the thickness of their cut
to a nicety. The shoulders formed at the hub b by the gauge plate C and the
support projecting from the outer edges of the said plate into the rim X prevents any
shaking of the same, ensures its correct lateral movement, and causes it to revolve with
the other portions of the cutter wheel A. The set screw 6 tightly binds the
wheel A to the shaft B. The adjusting nut bis confined laterally between the
collar b¹ and the base of the recess in the hub b'. The shaft B, wheel A, collar b',
and nut brevolve together; friction against the collar b' being thus avoided any cut of
which the machine is capable may be taken off by the knives D, d, without
disturbing the set or adjustment of the gauge plate C. In embodying the heroin
described arrangement of gauge plate C and knives D within the wheel A
for cutting tobacco, roots, smoked meat, or other materials which cut heavily, it
would be desirable to have the four sectional faces of the wheel A formed entirely
of moderately heavy cast or wrought iron, but the special object of this Invention
being to provide a machine for use in the kitchen having in a given size and in
all its parts a maximum of strength with a minimum of weight, we construct said
faces as follows:-The relation of the bars and knives D to the hub b and rim X
is above stated. The spaces between said bars and knives are covered by tin or sheet
metal plates D'; these plates D¹, knives D, and the face of the rim X revolve close to
the edge of the table leg L irrespective of the position of the gauge plate C. Into
the top edges of the knives D we cut a slot into which is inserted the edges of the
face plates D', thus tongueing and grooving them together as shewn. The segmental
sides or edges of the bars are extended around and upon the face of the rim X, to
which they are secured by rivets x. The latter are outside the face line of the
back fender R, and cannot catch upon the substance fed up to the knives. We
avoid the above-muned obstruction of nail or rivet heads in the face of the plates D'
within the line of the cut of the knives D, and also avoid sharp edges on the
plates D', which would or might cut any person cleaning the machine, by bending
Baid plates D¹ entirely around the bars and soldering them upon themselves at
the back as shown in Figure 10. The bars d¹are of the same thickness as the rim
X to prevent any opening through the face of the wheel A when the gauge plate C
is set back its farthest distance from the cutting edges of the knives D other than
that near the cutting edges of the said knives through which the cut material passes.
By joining the plates D to the knives D, spokes d³, and rim X, as above set forth,
we strengthen the wheel A and obtain equivalents to thin large cutting blades
which present at the back few if any obstacles to a clean easy cut. The sectional
faces C of the gauge plate C wo also form of sheet metal fixed to a cast frame.
The two portions of said frames next the bars d' and around the outer seg-
ments are shown in section in Figures 3 and 10. The facings C¹ are bent and
soldered around the said parts c" to avoid the presence of rivet heads and sharp
edges in substantially the same manner as that in which the plates D¹ are fixed to
the bars d'. We bend the facings C¹ over and for some distance around the bars co,
which form portions of the frame of the gauge plate sections and will be hereafter
more particularly described.
All substances cub by this machine are fed against the face of the wheel A, and
being acted upon by the knives D or by both the knives D and d, they pass through

page_text: the wheel and are discharged at the back thereof. To prevent any scattering of
such cut material by the revolution of the wheel A we employ a removable case or
guide E. This case is preferably formed of one piece, the edge being wired at e and
corrugated on its face, as at e¹. Its central portion is raised from the back forming
a recess on the inside. Into this recess we insert a cast metal bearing and steadying
support E, the centre of which is bored to loosely fit over the hub b and handle F.
To fasten the support E¹ within the case E more firmly, cheaply, and neatly than
would be practicable with rivets we cut out the edge of the former leaving tooth-like
projections e³, whose face edges are beviled, as in Figures 1, 3, and 5. Placing the
support E within the recess in the case E, the angular spaces between and around
the projections e are filled with molten solder which adheres to the tin case E and
prevents the support E' from falling out or turning. The case E may be extended
downward and closed at the bottom, thus itself forming a receptacle for the cut
material; but we prefer to cut off a segment of its bottom and allow the cuttings to fall
into a pan or dish placed below the opening, wo wire this opening as at c³, one of the
sides of which wire is extended into a bearing formed in a projection from the leg L, as
at e. Both sides of the wire ces may extend into bearings formed from and in the
leg L, but we consider one bearing e sufficient. To secure the handle F to the
case E so as to remove them from the shaft together and avoid unnecessary handling
of parts, a groove f is turned in the said handle. The screw f' in the support El
projects into the groove f leaving the bandle F free to turn. The handle F connects
with the hub b over the round shaft B by the well-known halved joint, and is
retained in place by the slide f2, the semi-circular top of which projects into the
groove f³ turned in the shaft B. That portion of the shaft upon which the handle F
is placed may be square and the handle fitted to it, thus dispensing with the halved
joint and slide without disturbing the arrangement of the case E, its central
support E', or the connection of the same with the handle F. It will be evident
that the central support E¹ will keep the case E entirely free of the wheel A. or any
of the parts connected therewith, and jointly with the wire e acting in a support
independent of the shaft or wheel will prevent the turning of the said case E on
giving motion to the said wheel through the handle F. This arrangement of cross-
cutting or slitting knives is shown in detail in Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9. Cast upon
the rim X and hub b, sufficiently behind the face of the wheel A to allow the full
backward movement of the adjustable gauge plate C, the projecting bearings ², 67, are
correspondingly grooved to permit the bars d² upon which the knives & are placed
to snugly slide therein. Picces (on the bars separate the knives & the required
distance. Projecting upward from the body of the cross bar d' at each end are the
yokes d which straddle the knife bars d². The opposite downward projections (6
are pivoted on the projections ², 67, as shown. The levers are loosely riveted
upon the backs of cross bars d and project outward through the projections
beyond the rim X. The springs d³ act downward to keep the levers d' engaged in
cither of the slots a³, ', cut in the projections ². The cross bars while acting as
portions of the frames of the gauge plate C also prevent any side play of the
knives & which pass through slots cut in the part c; the latter also supplies a
firm bearing for the backs of said knives d, and almost entirely relieves the bars ²,
slides, and lower parts of strain when the said knives d are in use. When the
levers are in the slots at the points of the knives & will be drawn so far back
that they will not cut, though the gauge plate C be adjusted to give the greatest
possible cut to the knives D. To change the machine from a plain slicer to a
hasher or mincer the levers are raised from the slots and swing over into the
slots By this simple movement the points of all the knives & slide through the
slots and gauge plates C out a little beyond the cutting edges of the radial
slicing knives D and the face of the wheel A whose revolution causes said-points to
pass through the slots cut in the table, thus ensuring the complete cutting of
any substance fed to the knives into small pieces equal to the length of the spaces
between the knives d, and of any desired thickness by adjusting the gauge plate C,
a single adjustment and locking of the knives d into the slots as aforesaid

page_text: The knives & are in all cases
sufficing for any thickness of the cut of the wheel A.
attached to the back of the wheel A. To ensure their cleanliness we fix the outer
sheet metal boxes T to the projections 7 and rim X by screws t. The hub b' forms
the inner ends of boxes T, and their outer ends have holes cut therein sufficiently
large to permit the free operation of the levers d' which extend through the boxes T,
as shown. To the backs of the plates C¹ are secured the sheet metal strips T¹ which
project backward about as far as the cross bars c. The sides of the boxes T over-
lap both the bars c³ and metal strips T¹, and it is evident that any lateral movement
of the gauge plate C will cause the said bars and metal strips to slide within the
said boxes T. The double boxes thus formed always closely cover the knives d and
their operating mechanism, and also the recess at 6 in the hub . If desired the
slitting knives d can be placed within the wheel A on a different radius from the
knives D to prevent their cutting at about the same time. In this case the outer
bearings would project from the rim X at such point as would separate the
knives D from the knives & the required distance, and the frame bars around which
the facings C¹ would be bent would be of the same cross section as at c, Figure 10,
and would be placed in the positions the bars c³ now occupy; the bars c³ with
the lugs thereon would be cast with the framing co of the gauge plate and
hold the same relation to the slitting knives d, their bearings x², 27, and the rim X,
as above set forth, and the upper sides or tops of the boxes for enclosing the
knives & now formed by the bars co would be separately formed of sheet metal
and be fastened upon tho back of the movable gauge plate like the lower side T
in the Drawings.
Our improved feeding apparatus M is shown in Figures 1, 2, and 4. The rod L²
which is screwed to the legs L, L', acts with the tie rod L³ to bind the entire table
together. The rod L also acts as a stop for the heel m of the feeder M, which is
placed upon the rod L' so as to permit it to slide thereon to or from the face of the
wheel A, and also to swing around below the front of the table out of the way of
the apple parer when the latter is adjusted to the machine. Cast with the
bearing m and heel m is the supporting extension and stripper bar m³, with which
is cast the handle m" and bearing m. To secure lightness and avoid rivet heads
and sharp edges we solder the sheet metal face M' around a cast metal frame m³,
into the bottom edge of which and through the facing M¹ we insert the teeth or
pins M. The joint action of the parts L, L, and m keeps the points of the
teeth M from touching the table top L. The bottom edge of the bar m² curves
outward and meets the backs of the teeth M. Soldered fast to the back of the
facing M¹ so as to freely slide over the bearing m is the casting me, from which
extends the handle m. The bearing prevents the contact of the feeder with the
knives in the wheel A. Any substance which will readily slide over a flat surface
may be pushed up to the knives D by sliding the feeder M on the rod L*, and
without sticking the teeth M therein. To feed meat or other like substances to
the said knives our feeder is held with the left hand by the handle m", and the
upper handle m² is raised by an upward movement of the thumb, which will raiso
the points of the teeth M above the bottom bar m². The feeder can then be
swung on the rod L' and slid over the slices of meat or other substances placed
on the table top L, and the teeth M. forced down through them by the handle m²,
when they can be forcibly carried up to the knives D, d. When the feeder is
stopped by the bearing the handle m' is again raised, and the bottom edge of the
stripper bar m² will strip the substance from the teeth M, leaving it directly in
front of the knives, when the whole feeder can be raised and slid back on the
rod I, and the operation repeated without inconvenience or danger of being cut
by the knives in wheel A. Swinging the feeder on the said rod L' permits the
catching and holding by the teeth M² of any irregularly shaped substance while it
is being fed to the knives. The back face of the table or fender R is shown in
Figures 1, 2, and 4. Its face is preferably curved to conform to the cutting line of
the knives D. The bearing & formed in the stout lug projecting from the leg L
provides a support for the stout pin R³, cast upward from which is the frame or

page_text: backing R², which reinforces the tin or sheet metal face R³ that it may resist any
outward push of the material cut by the knives D. Said face R³ is turned at its
top and outer end around the stout wire 7, one end of which is fastened in the
frame or backing R², the other end forming the pin ², which loosely fits a bearing 2
formed in the leg L'. The whole fender R can be readily raised from the bearings *
and for cleaning purposes, and also to make room for the apple parer, as herein-
after described. The tin box S with cover which is attached to the under side
of the table top L³ serves to hold a whetstones to be used in sharpening the
knives D, d.
The apple parer and slicer represented in Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14 is constructed
as follows, that is to say:-From the bottom of the curved standard 2 projects the
stout pin 3, which snugly fits the bearing 12 in the leg L, the fender R being
removed to make room therefor. The entire frame of the table of the meat and
vegetable cutter thus forming a firm support for the applo parer and slicer. The
fork 4 is firmly screwed upon the forward end of a rod 5, which is journalled in the
standard 2. Upon the back end of this rod 5 is cast the cam 6, skew bevil wheel 7,
and holdfast 8. Upon the forward end of the rod 9, which passes through the
parts 5, 6, 7, and 8, is rigidly fastened the head piece 10, which is of equal outside
diameter with the base of the fork 4, and is notched around the tines thereof. The
handle 11 is rigid on the outer end of rod 9. This arrangement of notched head
piece 10, rod 9, and handle 11 forms a pusher with which the pared apple or the
core thereof is forced off the fork 4, a means of turning the pared apple so as to
present different sections thereof to the action of the slicing knives D in the cutter
wheel A, and also of holding the said sections up to the knives until they are entirely
reduced to slices. Notching the head piece 10 around the tines of the fork +
enlarges its face, which prevents its being driven into the apple when pushing
it off the fork. The stop 12 cast upon the standard 2 acts against a stop 13
cast upon the leg L to prevent the swinging of fork 4 against the knives D. The
pawl 1 is pivoted to the standard 2, and the spring 15 acts to keep its upper end
engaged with the holdfast 8. It is necessary to disengage the pawl 14 from
the holdfast 8 when the standard 2 is swung around to gear the pinion 7 with
the driving gear wheel x cast upon the rim X of the cutter wheel A, and the
operation of paring the apple is being performed. This we accomplish auto-
matically by causing the lower end of the pawl 14 to strike the stop 16 cast upon
the leg L. Swinging the pared apple on the fork 4 toward the slicing knives D
will disengage the pinion 7 from the driving gear 4, and permit the spring 15
to engage the pawl 14 with the holdfast 8, the action of which latter in connection
with the notched head piece 10 and fork 4 will securely hold the apple against the
cut of the knives D without any strain upon the hand of the person using the
machine. The swinging of the standard 2 on the pin 3 in the bearing will cause
the sections of the apple presented to the action of the knives D to be sliced
thereby, as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 13. Any desired thickness of slice
can be cut from the apple by adjusting the gauge plate C by the nut b, as herein-
before set forth.
To automatically pare the apple the cam 6 actuates the sliding bar 17, whose
upper portion 17a which is hinged to the said bar is curved upward at its outer end
to form a pressing knob or handle 18. The pawl 19 cast upon the part 17ª acts in
the ratchet teeth 20 cast upon the driver 21. The knife 22 in the knife bar 23 is
held up to the apple by a spring 24, which is secured to the head piece 25, to
which the knife bar 23 is firmly pivoted. The head piece 25 extends upward
through the standard 2 and toothed driver 21, to which it rigidly fastened by a
pin 26. The pawl 19 upon the part 17% is held up to the teeth 20 by a spring 27.
The flexible holdfast 28 is secured to the standard 2, and acts in the teeth 20 to
hold the driver 21 and knifo 22 while the pawl 19 is thrown back to engage with
another one of the teeth 20. The spring 29 causes the foot of bar 17 to closely
follow the surface of the cam 6. The projecting spur 30 cast upon the standard 2
receives and retains the knife bar 23 after the knife 22 has pured the apple, the

page_text: knife being brought meanwhile quite close to the fork 4, as in Figures 12 and 13.
To bring the said parts 22 and 23 in the position last mentioned has caused the
pawl 19 to act upon the last tooth 2 formed upon the driver 21, and consequently
any further forward movement of the said parts is prevented, notwithstanding any
notion of the pinion 7, whether such motion be caused by revolving the said
pinion by the gear wheel, or by turning the apple the reverse way in slicing it,
as herein-before set forth. The spring 31 is properly coiled around and fastened to
the top of the head piece, and secured independently thereof to the stud 32, and
acts to swing the knife 22, as herein-after set forth. The handle 33 is cast from
the head of the standard 2 to hold the pinion 7 in gear with the gear wheel x.
The overhanging shield 34 protects the lower working parts from the parings
thrown from the knife 22.
In operating our parer upon the first apple the knife bar 23 is placed by the
hand in the spur 30. The apple is forced hard upon the fork 4, and the handle 18
depressed, the latter movement takes the pawl 19 and holdfast 28 from the teeth 20
on the driver 21, the spring 31 immediately causes the knife 22 to swing around to
the front of the apple, as in Figure 11, when it is arrested by the stop 35 cast on
the head piece 25, striking the stop 36 cast on the standard 2, which keeps the
knife arm or head from striking the wheel A. A slight backward pressure on the
upper handle 33 will cause the pinion 7 to gear with the gear wheel x. Upon
revolving the wheel A. the action of the cam 6 through the slide bar 17, 174, driver
21, and bead piece 25, will move the knife around a given distance for every revo-
lution of the fork 4, thus paring the apple and leaving the bar 23 in position on the
spur 30 for the next one. The whole pared apple may then be removed from the
fork by striking the handle 11 of the pusher, or it may be sliced by the knives D,
as herein-before set forth, leaving the core on the fork, which can likewise be
removed by the pusher. In the Drawings the standard 2 is shewn centred to
swing the pinion 7 into gear with the gear wheel x on an angle of 45 degrees with
the face of the wheel A. By centreing the pin 3 on the line o, o, from the face of
the wheel A, but further back from the main bearing B¹, any angle of inclination
between 45 and 90 degrees with the wheel A may be obtained without changing
the operation or effect of the machine. We prefer to centre the pin 3 to cause the
pinion 7 to gear with the gear wheel when the fork 4 is at right angles with the
face of the wheel A, and revolves in the same plane of motion, as in such case the
gear wheel would not project beyond the face of the rim X, and the tecth of the
pinion 7 be of ordinary form.
We make the table top L³ removable to afford sufficient room for the free
rotation of large apples when on the fork 4. To arrange our apple parer and
slicer for paring only, it is only necessary to make the stud 3 and bearing l² of
square or such other form as will prevent the swinging of the standard 2, and
consequently keep the pinion 7 always in gear with the gear wheel a when the
parer is in use. In such arrangement the holdfast 8, pawl 14, spring 15, and
stops 12, 13, and 16, are dispensed with, and the stud or pin R¹ of the fender R
forined in the same manner as the stud 3. In our machine is arranged without
the removable fender I or slitting knives d, and for use in paring and slicing
apples only, the swinging standard 2 may be held permanently within the bearing 2
by a pin or nut placed through or upon the stud 3 below the bearing . To
construct the machine as a plain slicer only the knives & with their operating
means d²³, d³, d', d, d, d, s, their projecting supports a, 67, and the double
covering T, T, are all omitted, and the cross bars c, while retaining the lugs ³,
are reduced to the cross section, as at e, Figure 10, and the facings C¹ without slots
cut therein are secured around the same as therein shown.
We will now describe the modifications of our feeding apparatus and our apple
parer, shown in Figures 15, 16, and 17. The face N₁ of the feeder N, the bearing n,
and the curved projection which connects the face N' with the bearing N and
slide piece K, are preferably cast in one piece, as shown. The projection n¹ also
serves as a handle for sliding the feeder up to the knives D in the cutter wheel A.

page_text: The teeth n are inserted in the bottom edge of the face N¹. The stripper bar P is
firmly fastened to the rod p which is loosely fitted in the bearing n, and has a
cap 2 fastened on its upper end. The spring p acts upward to keep the stripper
bar P in the position shown in Figures 15 and 16. A downward pressure on the
cap will lower the stripper bar P and strip the substance being fed to the
knives D from the teeth n² on raising or swinging the whole feeder on the pin g.
The use of the spring p is optional, as the driving of the teeth n³ through the
substance to be cut would of itself force the stripper bar P upward. The two
metal pieces V, V₁, form the slotted bearing in and around which the sliding piece K
is snugly fitted. The ears k, l, afford a pivotal fastening to the feeder N, as at g.
The projection on the bearing N2 acts against the slide piece K to keep the points
of the teeth from the table top G. The pieces V, V₁, are fastened together
and secured to the leg L by the screw i. The slide piece K acts against that
end of the slot between the said pieces nearest the cutter wheel to prevent the
feeder N from coming in contact with the said wheel. The action of the stripper
bar P is the reverse of the bar m³, shown in Figures 1, 2, and 4, and hercin-
before described. The advantages gained by the use of the slides V, V, and slide
piece K, in connection with our swinging feeder, instead of the devices shown
in Figures 1, 2, and 4, are as follows:-Namely, more room in front of and above the
table top to place apples upon the fork of our apple parers, and less obstruction
to the free turning of the adjusting nut b, as will more fully appear on reference
to the Drawings.
Our apple paring machine, shewn in Figures 15 and 16, is arranged for paring
only. The stud 45 on the standard 44 is formed to fit the square bearing l² in the
leg or frame L, and thus always holds the pinion 38 in gear with the driving gear
wheel x when the parer is in use. The special object of the arrangement of our
apple parer, shewn in Figures 15 and 16, is to support the fork 39 on or in a
removable standard placed within a bearing in the frame or table of a meat and
vegetable cutter, and adjacent to a driving gear wheel a formed upon the cutter
wheel of said cutter so as to permit the rotation of said fork 39 on a plane at or
near right angles with the plane of motion of said cutter wheel A, and at such
distance therefrom and from the table top G as will allow ample room for the free
rotation of large apples placed thereon. The gearing employed for this purpose
comprises the pinions 37 and 38. On the former is cast the cam 36 which actuates
the mechanism employed for automatically paring the apple, which mechanism is
secured to the curved upper portion of standard 44, and is substantially the same
as that for like purpose shown in Figures 11, 12, and 13, except with regard to the
setting of the paring knife 40 within its knife bar 41 with its cutting edge upward
or the reverse of the knife 22 as the fork 39 revolves in the opposite direction to
the fork 4. On adjusting the paring mechanism above set forth in describing
Figures 11, 12, and 13, and rotating the wheel A the fork 39 will revolve in the
direction of the arrow, and the knife 40 will pare the apple when it can be driven
from the fork by the head piece 10 of the pusher. The ledge 43 is formed on
standard 44 to protect the gearing from the parings thrown from the knife 40.
The forming of a gear wheel x on the rim of a rotary cutter wheel to impart
motion to the operating parts of apple paring machines, as herein described, is
entirely independent of any particular number or arrangement of knives within the
said wheel. An adjustable rotating gauge plate with slitting knives set therein and
acting in combination with a slicing knife or knives to gauge the thickness of the
cut of said slicing knives is not new in principle. We therefore claim the same only
as herein-after set forth.
Having thus fully described our said Invention and the manner of performing
the same, we wish it understood that we claim―
First. The recessed hub of the cutter wheel in combination with the shaft,
adjustable gauge plate, and adjusting nut, all constructed and arranged to operate
relatively with each other as above described and for the purposes set forth.
Second. Supporting and securing the sectional faces of the adjustable gauge plate

page_text: and joining the said sectional faces with the knives and securing them to the spokes
and rim as above described and for the purposes set forth.
Third. In combination with the cutter wheel of a rotary cutter the removable
case supported centrally by the shaft and independently thereof in a bearing and
with the central support secured within the said case as above described and for the
purposes set forth.
Fourth. Connecting the removable case with the handle as above described and
for the purpose specified.
Fifth. The supports on the gauge plate in combination with the rim of the said
wheel as above described and for the purposos set forth.
Sixth. The combination of the slitting knives with the radial slicing knives and
adjustable gauge plate when the said slitting knives are secured to the cutter wheel
in bearings independently of the said gauge plate as above described and for the
purposes specified.
Seventh. Adjusting the slitting knives within the bearings and locking them
when so adjusted by the levers, and supporting the said knives within the bars of
the gauge plate as above set forth and for the purposes specified.
Eighth. The double coverings T, T, c, as above described and for the purpose set
forth.
Ninth. The feeder with teeth, stripping bar, supporting rods, and stops, all con-
structed and arranged to operate relatively to each other and to the table top and
cutter wheel as above described and for the purposes herein specified.
Tenth. The fender with face backing and pins constructed and arranged to operate
as above described and for the purposes herein set fortli.
Eleventh. The box S under the table top as above described and for the purpose
specified.
Twelfth. Making the table top removable as above described and for the purpose
specified.
Thirteenth. Supporting a standard or frame carrying the operating parts of an
apple paring machine in a bearing formed in the frame or table of a rotary cutter
and adjacent to a driving gear wheel formed upon the cutter wheel of said cutter as
above described and for the purposes specified.
Fourteenth. The fork for slicing the apple by swinging the wheel, and the pusher
for discharging the apple from the fork, consisting of the handle, rod, and head
piece, in combination with the said fork as above specified.
Fifteenth. The combination of the holdfast S, pawl 14, head piece 10, rod 9,
handle 11, and fork 4, and the arrangement by which the automatic engagement
and relase of the said pawl and holdfast by the spring 15 and stop 16 may be
effected, and suitable stops all as above set forth and for the purpose described.
Sixteenth. The combination of the gear wheel, pinion, cam, slide bar, pawl, and
toothed driver for simultaneously actuating the fork 4 and knife 22 as above
specified.
Seventeenth. The flexible holdfast, the toothed driver 21, the spring head piece 25,
and the knife 22, and stops, combined and operating as above described and for
the purpose set forth.
Eighteenth. The handle, spur, and shield on the standard 2 as above set forth and
for the purposes specified.
Nineteenth. Supporting the removable standard 44 carrying the gear wheels,
fork, and other operating parts of an apple paring machine, in a bearing formed in
the frame or table of a meat and vegetable cutter, and adjacent to a driving gear
wheel formed upon the cutter wheel of the said cutter as above set forth and for the
purposes herein specified.
Twentieth. The combination of the gear wheel, the pinion gearing, the cain, the
slide bar, the pawl, and toothed driver to simultaneously actuate the fork and knife
as above set forth.
Twenty-first. The feeder with teeth, stripper bar, supporting guide pieces, and

page_text: stops, all constructed and arranged to operate relatively to each other and to the
table top and cutter wheel as above set forth and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, J, the said William Henry Goodchild, for myself and. on
behalf of the said Samuel Francis Hay, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Thirtieth (30th) day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
WILLIAM HENRY GOODCHILD. (L.S.)