matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
BURNERS." IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rowatt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1881.
THOMAS ROWATT, of Kew, in the County of Surrey.
BURNERS."
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP
My Invention relates to a construction and arrangement of the deflecting cones
and passages for the supply of air to the flame of a lamp in such a manner as to
obtain increased completeness of combustion and consequent brilliancy of light.
For this purpose I employ two deflecting cones, an inner one, which directs the
air against the fame near its root, and an outer one, which directs the air against
the flame somewhat higher. The inner cone is made with a lip extending down
nearly to the bottom of a cup like air cavity, which is supplied with air passing
through perforations through its periphery. This cavity is separated by a hori-
zontal partition from an upper compartment, which is also supplied through its
perforated periphery. From the upper compartment the outer cone receives its
supply of air, which rises up the annular space between the concs, and, as stated
above, meets the flame above the point where the air from the inner cone
meets it.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Lucien Alfred Wilhomine Desruelles and Charles
Fredéric Carlier, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS
FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER." [A communication from abroad by Lucien
Alfred Wilhemine Desruelles and Charles Fredéric Carlier, of Paris, in the Republic
of France.]
The objects of this Invention are, first, to increase by the addition of the
products of combustion the temperature of the steam, so as to obtain a greater
amount of work therefrom than has been capable hitherto; and, secondly, to
provide means for applying in the most complete manner possible the amount of
work to be obtained from the steam under these conditions.
In carrying out this Invention the iproducts of combustion are drawn from the
furnace by means of a vacuum created by a jet of steam employed to drive a rotary
apparatus to be hereafter described. The products of combustion mix with the
steam, and by reason of the amount of caloric they contain superheat the steam.
The apparatus which is employed consists of a vertical boiler having a central
chimney, which is placed in connection with the rotary apparatus. The furnace is
provided with a main flue, in which is arranged a damper. This damper is used
when the rotary apparatus is not at work.
The boiler is also connected with the rotary apparatus by a steam pipe, which
as it enters the apparatus takes a direction tangential to the same. The rotary
apparatus consists of a float or paddle wheel suitably mounted in a casing provided.
with two openings, one of which is placed in connection with the central chimney
from the boiler and the other with the main flue.
The jet of steam is directed onto the floats or paddles and drives the wheel
round, while as before explained it causes a vacuum in the central chimney, which
draws the products of combustion from the furnace.
Another form of apparatus consists of two friction rollers mounted on suitable
axles in the case. These rollers are enclosed in a ring. The steam enters by a

page_text: tube suitably placed near an opening in the lower part of the case, and in
connection with the central chimney of the boiler.
The steam entering tangentially to ope of the rollers and to the ring draws in
the products of combustion. The gaseous mixture pressing on the surfaces of the
roller and ring causes the rotation of these parts, and the rotation of the ring
drives the second roller.
Motion can be communicated to machinery from pulleys or gear wheels arranged
on the axle of the float or paddle wheel, or on the axles of the rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MIXING FLOUR
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Konsington, Middlesex, for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MIXING FLOUR."
A communication from abroad by Charles Le Mee, of Yffiniac, France. .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1881.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of
APPARATUS FOR MIXING FLOUR,"
Le Mee, of Yffiniac, France.
Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
A communication from abroad by Charles
The improvements consist in constructing the apparatus of the following
parts:-
1st. A series of rakes or stirrers mounted on vertical shafts and revolving in
separate mixing chambers which receive the flour to be mixed, and from which it
is discharged into the distributing chambers situated lower than the mixing
chambers, and preferably at the side of the latter,
2nd. A series of distributers consisting chiefly of revolving blades mounted on a
vertical shaft, and serving to distribute the flour into a horizontal or inclined
channel situated lower than the distributing chambers.
3rd. An endless screw revolving in the said channel and thereby transporting
the flour received from the distributing chambers.
4th. A pair (or any other suitable number) of helices mounted on the extremity
of the screw-shaft and revolving in a chamber for the purpose of delivering the
flour regularly into hoppers or other receptacles and preventing the choking of the
.screw.
5th. The driving and controlling mechanism.
The distributers are driven by bevel wheels mounted on a horizontal shaft, the
outer end of which carries a pulley driven by a belt from the main shaft. The
belt can be tightened by means of a friction-pulley mounted on an angle lever
which can be pressed against the belt by pulling a cord.
'

page_text: the delivery helices & and driving and controlling mechanism, all substantially as
described and illustrated, and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of March, A.D. 1882.
AN IMPROVED ATTACHMENT TO STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES TO MAKE THEIR THROTTLE VALVES SELF-CLOSING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Green at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1881.
WILLIAM GREEN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Timber Merchant.
"AN IMPROVED ATTACHMENT TO STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES TO MAKE THEIR
THROTTLE VALVES SELF-CLOSING."
To obtain the object of this Invention I attach one end of a spring to the arm
which works upon the throttle valve stalk, and the other end of the spring to the
rod which connects the governors with the arm attached to the throttle valve stalk,
the spring being held at tension when both ends of it are attached.
To the arm upon the throttle valve stalk is attached a lever arm, upon which is
a pin or projection which will come into contact with the rod attached to the
governors, when the falling of the governors throws back the throttle valve arm
beyond a given point, and this pin or projection will raise the rod from off the pin
which attaches it to the throttle valve arm, the spring then causing the throttle
valve arm to fly forward and close the valve. The lever arm may be made slotted
with an adjusting screw to vary the position of the pin or projection upon it, and
thus regulate the point at which the rod shall be raised and the spring brought
into action, or an independent slotted piece may be attached to the arm for the
same purpose.
I can also obtain the same action by placing a coiled or other suitable spring
bearing upon the arm attached to the throttle valve stalk without attaching it to
the rod.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Trieb at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1881. A communication from
abroad by Sebastian Notton, of Sainte Claude, in the Republic of France,
Manufacturer.
JEAN TRIEB, of Australian Avenue, in the City of London, Commission Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO." [A communication from
abroad by Sebastian Notton, of Sainte Claude, in the Republic of France, Manu-
facturer.]
The Invention communicated to me relates to improvements in pipes for smoking
tobacco, the object of the improvements being to provide simple means for collecting
the juice and moisture from the tobacco, and from the mouth of the smoker, and to
allow of the pipe being easily cleaned.
In carrying out the Invention, a tube of suitable material is screwed into the
end of the pipe stem, the said tube being formed with a longitudinal slot on its
underside; the tube is also formed with a shoulder having a screw thread on its
exterior, on which is screwed a tube or ferrule forming a reservoir or chamber
surrounding the said slotted tube; this reservoir serves to receive the juice and
moisture resulting from the smoking of the tobacco, as hereinafter described.
The end of the mouth piece is adapted to fit into the hereinbefore described
ferrule or tube forming the reservoir, and is provided with a slotted tube similar to
that hereinbefore described on the end of the stem of the pipe, and over which it
fits, so that when the mouth piece is placed in proper position, the slots of the
two tubes correspond, and the tubes are open on the underside to the reservoir
surrounding them.
By this construction it will be understood that any juice or moisture from the
tobacco or from the mouth of the smoker will pass through the herein before
described slots in the tubes, and into the reservoir or chamber, and when required
to clean the pipe, it will be merely necessary to remove the mouth piece, and the
contents of the reservoir can be easily removed.
A piece of sponge or like material, perfumed or otherwise, may be placed in the
hereinbefore described reservoir.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING DWELLING HOUSES OR OTHER BUILDINGS AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Benjamin R. Hawley, of Chicago, Illinois, United States
of America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING
DWELLING HOUSES OR OTHER BUILDINGS AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES." [A com-
munication from abroad by Benjamin R. Hawley, of Chicago, Illinois, United States
of America.]
This Invention relates to the warming of dwelling houses and other buildings,
railway vehicles, steam boats, and the like, independently of the ventilation, and is
designed to obtain in a cheaper and better manner than heretofore practised the
advantages attending the endless pipe systems.
According to this Invention I employ air as a circulating or heating fluid. I give
the air a continuous and rapid movement in an endless path through a heater,
suitable conducting pipes, and sheet metal radiatora.
I will describo the said Invention as applied to a building, and any modifications
necessary for adapting the same to a railway vehicle or the like will be apparent.
I provide a henting furnace heater or stovo and pipes for conducting the warm
air from the same to the floors above, also pipes for returning the cooled air to the
said heater. The latter has a surrounding air space, within which the air is heated
as it passes through the heater in its circuit of travel. A suitable outlet is provided
for the smoke.
The warm air pipes lead from this air space to apartments above, whero they
open into radiators. These radiators are of sheet metal, and preferably block
metal, because thereby the greatest amount of radiation is obtained.
The pipes for returning the cold air take the air from the bottom of the radiators
and return it to the aforesaid air space in the heater. They may be united or
debouch separately into said air space.
The conducting pipes are made of non-conducting material or surrounded by
Di Q71

page_text: non-conducting material or spaces, and according to one method of construction the
pipes passing through one of the joist spaces under a floor are imbedded in plaster
or some similar material. The same method may be followed with upright pipes
in partitions and similar places.
.l
Valves are inserted in the pipes to shut off or regulate the flow of the hot and 5
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR WORKING THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM, AIR, OR GAS ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Handley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1881.
GEORGE WILLIAM HANDLEY, of Tunbridge Wells, in the County of Kent, Stone
Carver. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR WORKING THE SLIDE VALVES OF
STEAM, AIR, OR GAS ENGINES."
This Invention relates to engines in which the slide valve is worked by a tappet
action, the object of the Invention being to diminish the force of the blow given
by the tappet finger on the tappets, thereby removing the objections hitherto raised
to this mode of working the slide valve.
In carrying out my Invention I arrange the valve rod parallel to the piston rod,
and I secure the tappets thereon in any convenient manner. In front of each
tappet and on the valve rod I mount a coiled spring. The tappet finger, which
slides loosely on the valve rod, I secure in any convenient manner to the piston
rod. As this finger moves backwards and forwards with the piston rod it will
compress the springs against the tappets, thereby storing up power for subsequently
driving forward the tappets, and with them the valve rod.
While the springs are being compressed the tappets are securely held by spring
catches, bolts, or pawls, which will be raised or moved at the proper moment to
release the tappets by means of arms extending from eit
side of the tappet
finger. As soon as the catches are raised the compressed springs acting against
the tappets will move the valve rod and valve.
Instead of the coiled springs, flat springs in combination with the tappet finger
may be used to work the tappets.
I am thus enabled to diminish the shock of the tappet finger on the tappets,
and thereby prevent the great noise and rapid deterioration and uncertainty of
action which have always been objections to the tappet motion for working valves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICANTS, AND IN THEIR MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION TO STEAM CYLINDERS AND OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dickson and Joseph Adam
Mills at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March
1881.
JOHN DICKSON and JOSEPH ADAM MILLS, both of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICANTS, AND IN THEIR MANUFACTURE AND
APPLICATION TO STEAM CYLINDERS AND OTHER MACHINERY."
In lubricating cylinders and other machinery various forms of unguents of an
oily or graphitic nature are used, all of which have a tendency to cake and grow
sticky, thus necessitating the use of various means for the removal of the
deposits.
Now our Invention is designed with a view to the introduction of the alkali
along with the oil in sufficient quantity to keep the cylinder clean without
saponifying the oil, and at the same time prevent the corrosion of the cylinder or
of the boiler by means of the fatty acids present in nearly all unguents.
In carrying out our Invention we mix oil, grease, or other fatty matter, but
preferably lard oil, with water. If the grease be solid it is liquefied by means of
heat. The proportions can vary largely, but we find one part of oil to one of
water very advantageous. We then add an alkali (preferably caustic soda) in
sufficient quantity to cause a chemical combination between the oil and water in
the limpid state, and in a form fitted for use as a lubricant for machinery. The
proportion of the alkali varies with the hardness of the water, the sort of oil used,
and the required consistency of the product.
When using lard oil for cylinder use we find that about two ounces of a solution
of one pound of the purest commercial caustic soda in a quart of water will suffice
for a gallon of oil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH FASTENERS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Gunston Chillingworth, of No. 43, Great Tower
Street, in the City of London, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH
FASTENERS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Gunston Chillingworth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1881.
JAMES GUNSTON CHILLINGWORTH, of No. 43, Great Tower Street, in the City
of London. IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH FASTENERS."
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in sash fasteners.
The improved sash fastener consists of a hinge like appliance and a sliding bolt.
The former is attached by one flap to the lower rail of the upper sash of the
window; its other flap when the window is closed can be turned over to lie upon
the top of the upper rail of the lower sash. The sliding bolt is mounted upon the
upper rail of the lower sash, and when the free flap of the hinge like appliance
has been folded down over the top of the lower sash the bolt can be shot or
slidden along its guide and made to project over the free flap of the fastening, so
that this flap cannot be turned back or the window opened until the bolt has first
been withdrawn.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR TESTING WINE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by A. C. Woschnagg, of Vienna, Austria-Hungary.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "A NEW OR IMPROVED
INSTRUMENT FOR TESTING WINE." A communication from abroad by A. C.
Woschinagg, of Vienna, Austria-Hungary.
This Invention relates to an instrument for instantaneously testing the purity of
wine, without any chemical or physical experiments, and is founded on the
principle of genuine, pure wine having less specific weight than chemical
falsifications of wine, or wine mixed with alien ingredients.
The Invention consists in a simple liquid meter (without graduation), provided
with a mark, said mark being determined by means of a solution of salt having a
specific weight of 1·001 at a temperature of 15° centigrade, said specific weight
being the least, genuine, pure wine can possess.
By simply dipping this instrument into the wine to be tested, it shows at once
if the same is pure or falsified.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BANDS, BELTS, BRACES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Halladay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1881.
HENRY HALLADAY, of No. 30, Burbury Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BANDS, BELTS,
BRACES, AND OTHER ARTICLES."
My Invention has reference to fastenings principally used for fastening bands
and belts, but fastenings having the improvements constituting my Invention
may also be used for fastening braces and other articles, such, for example, as
garters.
I will describe my improvements in connection with a fastening for a band worn
on the waist.
A band fastening made according to my Invention consists of two parts, one
attached to one end of the band to be fastened, and the other attached to the other
end of the band.
That part of the fastening attached to the end of the band which when the
band is worn is in front consists of a belt buckle of the ordinary kind, preferably
ornamental.
The other part of the fastening attached to the other end of the band, and
capable of adjustment thereon, and which I will call the inner part of the fastening,
consists of a piece of sheet metal folded at its middle and connected to the band
by a narrow clip embracing the band and one of the parallel folded parts. At the
middle of the fold or doubled part is a headed stud of a size suitable to engage in
any one of a series of holes made in the band. When the inner part of the
fastening has been adjusted to the required position on the band, and the stud
introduced into one of the holes in the band, the clip is passed by a sliding motion
to the fold or doubled part, when a notch in the clip engaging under the head of
the stud secures the said part of the fastening in its place on the band.
One of the edges of the back part of the fastening carries two hooks formed by
folding ears on the edge of the blank.
In using the fastening, the band having been placed round the waist, the hooks
of the inner part are hooked upon or engaged with the bar of the outer part, when
the two parts of the fastening are connected and the band secured in its place. As
only the back part of the fastening is adjusted on the band, the holes in the back
part are concealed by the unperforated front end of the band.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF GAS ENGINE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Graddon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1881.
JAMES GRADDON, of the Beechlands, Stanstead Road, Forest Hill, in the
County of Kent, Engineer. "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF GAS ENGINE."
This Invention relates to an improved construction of gas engine whereby the
details are in a better position to ensure a greater development of power from the
expansion of the charge (air and gas) than such engines as at present constructed
or arranged.
For the purposes of my Invention I arrange a piston within a cylinder, and I fit
the slide through or by which the gas and air are admitted to the chamber above
the piston on the top of the cylinder cover, the ports and the mixing chamber in
the slide being so arranged as to take the necessary proportions of those fluids
from pipes or connections, the one from an ordinary gas bag, and the other in a
compressed state from the lower portion of the cylinder and the base, which is
hollow, and forms a chamber in combination with the open end at the lower part
of the cylinder.
The slide is actuated from a rotating shaft from the pinion or gearing on the
main shaft, and from a connection on the slide the air (under compression) and the
gas inlet valves are operated. The rotating shaft above mentioned actuates the
exhaust, and a cam keeps the valve open for the full upstroke, which for the purpose
of my Invention is much longer than is usually adopted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAPING MACHINES FOR CUTTING PROFILES IN THREE, Four, OR MORE SIDED OBJECTS, AS FLAT SIDED BALUSTERS, PILLARS, NEWEL POSTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Morgan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1881. A communication
from abroad by Eduard Bahn, of Charlottenberg, near Berlin, in the Kingdom
of Prussia and Empire of Germany.
THOMAS MORGAN, Secretary of the Inventors' Patentright Association, Limited,
of 21, Cockspur Street, Charing Cross, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAPING MACHINES FOR CUTTING PROFILES IN THREE, Four,
OR MORE SIDED OBJECTS, AS FLAT SIDED BALUSTERS, PILLARS, NEWEL POSTS,
AND OTHER ARTICLES." (A communication from abroad by Eduard Bahn, of
Charlottenberg, near Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and Empire of Germany.)
The object of my Invention is a machine for shaping roughly cut pieces of wood
to finely profiled pillars, balusters, etc.
These wood bars are arranged in a kind of endless bed which leads them slowly
past the quickly revolving cutters. The wood bars are so clamped in the movable
endless bed, that they can be turned for 90° so as to offer a second side to the
cutters when they pass again. The main parts of my machine are two strong
parallel endless chains running over two chain wheels keyed upon two horizontal
shafts in a convenient frame, carrying also on a slide rest the revolving cutters
with their shaft and appurtenances for motion. The chains are formed of flat iron
links with holes therein, to be pushed on the connecting bolts.
The connecting bolts project on both sides of the chains, and are provided on the
inner side with clamp chucks to clamp the ends of the roughly squared woodbars
from which the balusters, pillars, &c., shall be shaped. On the outer side, the bolts
carry toothed wheels engaging at each full revolution of the endless table with
two toothed cams fastened to the frame, so as to turn the wood bars for 90°, and
to present the other sides of the wood bars to the cutters in a self-acting manner.
The chains are guided near the cutters between fixed cheeks, so that the wood hars
under operation lean against a firmly resisting bed.
The endless chain and appurtenances are so arranged that they can be approached
towards each other when short pieces of wood are to be clamped between them.
Instead of the chains, I can also employ slotted or grooved discs, the grooves
having a circular or nearly circular form with straight parts on the side of the
cutters. I then provide the clamp chucks with square heads to be guided in the
grooves of the said discs, which are firmly placed upon the bed of a turning lathe,
while two revolving discs with radial slots carry the clamp chucks and give the
wood bars motion against the cutters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th March 1881.
EDMUND HUNT, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Patent
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES."
This Invention has for its object to simplify and otherwise improve the con-
struction of presses, and it consists principally in improved modes of combining a
screwed shaft with toggle links and with other parts of the press.
In carrying out the Invention, the platen is connected to the head or top of the
press by, or has interposed between it and the head, two pairs of toggle links in a
manner resembling an arrangement common to presses of the class to which the
Invention relates. The screwed shaft has hitherto been applied transversely at the
middle joints of the toggle links, and has in consequence had an inconvenient up
and down movement; but by the present Invention the screwed shaft is carried in
stationary bearings, which may be in or upon the fixed head of the press or other
suitable fixed part, such bearings being constructed to prevent end-on movement of
the shaft. The screwed shaft is made with right-hand and left-hand screw threads,
and carries internally screwed blocks or nuts. In one modification the nuts on the
screwed shaft are connected to the middle joints of the toggle links by long links;
but in another and preferable modification, the lower toggle links are extended in
length beyond the middle toggle joints to about double the ordinary length, whereby
a combination is formed, such that the upper ends of the lengthened toggle links
move in a straight horizontal or transverse line, or nearly so, notwithstanding the
various angular positions assumed by the toggle links in the working of the press,
and may either be directly jointed to the nuts on the screwed shaft, or be connected
thereto by links. With this arrangement the leverage acting upon the toggle
links, when they become nearly straightened, is doubled as compared with ordinary
arrangements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN WASHING LINEN AND OTHER FABRICS AND MATERIALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hughes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th January 1881.
JOHN HUGHES, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Foreman of
Works.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN WASHING LINEN
AND OTHER FABRICS AND MATERIALS."
My Invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in apparatus to
be employed in washing linen and other fabrics and materials.
Apparatus made according to my Invention consists essentially of the following
parts, namely:-A hollow foot, circular in figure by preference, and slightly
conical. The extreme lower part of the foot is nearly cylindrical, portions of the
said cylindrical part being cut away at regular intervals, so that the said foot is
supported on the uncut away parts.
The cut away parts may amount to three fourths of the cylindrical part.
In the centre of the foot is an opening surmounted by a vertical pipe, which at
top is turned at right angles or may be made to incline slightly downwards.
Or the top of the pipe may be provided with a series of openings arranged
around it.
In using the said apparatus it is placed in the open boiler or copper in which
the linen or other fabric or material is to be washed together with the washing
water and soap or other cleansing material. The linen is then introduced into the
boiler. On the heating of the boiler and its contents the said instrument or
apparatus determines a steady circulation of the heated water. The water in
contact with the bottom of the boiler being highly heated expands, and rising
through the central tube is discharged at its top. The heated water thus delivered
on the top of the linen descends through the said linen to the bottom of the boiler,
passing through the cut away parts on the edge of the foot to the central and
hottest part of the boiler. As the water again becomes highly heated it again
passes up the vertical central pipe, and thus a continuous circulation of the heated
water takes place, which results in the efficient washing of the linen or other fabric
or article in the boiler.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN VENTILATOR OR CHIMNEY TOPS OR CAPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1881. A communication
from abroad by Richard John Evans, of Toronto, in the Dominion of
Canada.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN VENTILATOR OR CHIMNEY TOPS OR CAPS." A communication from
abroad by Richard John Evans, of Toronto, in the Dominion of Canada.
The object of the Invention is to produce a ventilator or chimney top in which
an upward draught is produced by the wind, no matter in what direction it may
strike against the ventilator, and it consists of a casing formed by the union of two
cone frustrums provided with a conically shaped cap supported a slight distance
above the upper cone frustrum. The lower cone frustrum has an air tube extending
about half way into its interior, this latter frustrum having a circle of holes
pierced through it on about a line with the top of the air tube, projecting within
it. The whole is best made in metal, but earthenware or wood may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DEPOSITING METALS UPON THE SURFACES OF IRON AND STEEL COATED WITH MAGNETIC OXIDE
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Bower, of Saint Neot's, in the County of
Huntingdon, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DEPOSITING
METALS UPON THE SURFACES OF IRON AND STEEL COATED WITH MAGNETIC
OXIDE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Bower at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd June 1881.
GEORGE BOWER, of St. Neot's, in the County of Huntingdon, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DEPOSITING METALS UPON THE SURFACES OF IRON AND
STEEL COATED WITH MAGNETIC OXIDE."
My Invention relates to an improved method of depositing metals upon the
surfaces of iron and steel coated with magnetic oxides for the purpose of orna-
menting such surfaces, and it consists in effecting the said deposits by attrition by
rubbing the surface of the article or object coated with magnetic oxide with a
brush or device having filaments or attenuated or finely divided bodies composed
of or coated with the metal which it is required to deposit. By this means I obtain
results equivalent to those produced by the processes known as gilding, bronzing,
and platinizing, and other ornamental effects more economically than by the
methods heretofore employed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Bower in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
December 1881.
GEORGE BOWER, of St. Neot's, in the County of Huntingdon, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DEPOSITING METALS UPON THE SURFACES OF IRON AND
STEEL COATED WITH MAGNETIC OXIDE.".
My said Invention relates to an improved method of depositing metals upon the
surfaces of iron and steel coated with magnetic oxide for the purpose of ornamenting
such surfaces, and it consists in effecting the said deposit by attrition by rubbing
the surface of the article or object coated with magnetic oxide with a brush or
device having filaments or attenuated or finely divided bodies composed of or coated
with the metal which it is required to deposit. By this means I obtain results
equivalent to those produced by the processes known as gilding, bronzing, and
platinizing, and other ornamental effects more economically than by the methods
heretofore employed.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before
in part recited Letters Patent is,-
Effecting the deposit of metal upon the surfaces of iron and steel coated with
magnetic oxide by rubbing the surfaces so coated with a brush or device having
filaments or attenuated or finely divided bodies composed of or coated with the
metal which it is desired to deposit, substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Bower, have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal, this First day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and eighty one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES FOR THE PURPOSE OF AFFORDING FACILITY FOR INTERCOMMUNICATION, AND THEREBY AFFORDING PROTECTION TO THE TRAVELLER AGAINST ASSAULTS OR ACCIDENTS."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Constantine Kinnear at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1881.
FREDERICK CONSTANTINE KINNEAR, of the Wool Exchange, in the City of
London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES FOR
THE PURPOSE OF AFFORDING FACILITY FOR INTERCOMMUNICATION, AND THEREBY
AFFORDING PROTECTION TO THE TRAVELLER AGAINST ASSAULTS OR ACCIDENTS."
A principal object of my Invention is to protect travellers against assaults in
railway carriages; for this purpose I provide each end wall of the carriage with.
one or more sight apertures, all the same level, and by preference glazed, all as
hereinafter described.
I prefer to use one aperture in each end, and placed so high up as to be out of
the ordinary visual range of the passengers when seated and so as to be below the
luggage rack; and I fit the aperture with a metallic framing of such strength and
form as to make up for the loss of strength occasioned by cutting the aperture.
I also prefer to fit or form the pane in such manner that a part of same may be
slid aside or otherwise opened for the purpose of affording facility for oral
communication.
It has been proposed to fit the intermediate compartment walls of a carriage
with glazed apertures, and I prefer to employ such in connection with my end
sight apertures, and I moreover form or fit the said intermediate sight apertures in
my aforesaid improved manner, that is, with a removable part, so as to afford
facility for oral communication in case of need between the different compartments.
In order to prevent breaking of the said panes I firstly make them of stout glass;
and secondly, especially where luggage racks are used, I provide a guard rail or
frame below the pane.
To enable the guard to assist in case of need, and to pass from one carriage to
another, I form the footboards at each end of carriage with draw bridges held by
spring catches, so that a push of the foot will let it down either upon itself or in
the direction of the next carriage with the same object. I prefer that the electric
or other well known through communication line used in connection with this
Invention should be with the guard and not with the driver.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELBARROWS AND OTHER LIKE VEHICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Blizard Williamson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1881.
WILLIAM BLIZARD WILLIAMSON, of the Firm of W. B. Williamson and Sons,
of the City of Worcester, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELBARROWS
AND OTHER LIKE VEHICLES."
My Invention has reference principally to wheelbarrows used by gardeners, and
has for its primary object the prevention of injury to gravel walks, grass lawns,
and other surfaces over which the wheelbarrow may be propelled, by the
indentations or grooves made by the wheels of wheelbarrows as ordinarily
constructed.
My Invention is however applicable to other vehicles generally propelled or
drawn by hand, such for example as hand-carts.
I will describe my Invention in its application to a wheelbarrow.
I dispense with the ordinary wheel, and in place thereof I substitute a roller
rollers. I place the said roller or rollers, preferably, immediately under the front
of the body of the wheelbarrow, instead of in the advanced position in which the
wheel is ordinarily placed. The said roller or rollers are made preferably solid, and
with an axial hole through which the shaft or axle on which they turn passes.
This shaft or axlo is supported at its ends by arms or brackets fixed to the under-
side of the wheelbarrow. The rollers turn freely on their axle, and the said axle
turns freely in the bearings in the brackets; and still further to secure freedom of
motion in the parts, a tubular bearing or bush may be interposed between the ends
of the axle and the bearings in the brackets. The roller may be made of wood,
stone, or iron, and instead of making it in one piece, it may be made in two, three,
or other number of pieces, that is to say, instead of making the roller of a long
continuous cylinder, it may be made of two, three, or other number of short
cylinders arranged side by side on the same axle. This division of the roller
facilitates the motion of the wheelbarrow in a curvilinear direction.
A like roller may be employed at the front of the wheelbarrow, its axle being
carried by the lower ends of the legs of the wheelbarrow, or each of the legs may
have a separate roller.

page_text: I prefer to make the body, the framing, and the legs and the brackets described
of iron, but I do not limit myself thereto.
A wheelbarrow or other like vehicle made according to my Invention not only
leaves no groove or indentation in the grass, lawn, or gravel walk, or other place
over which it may be propelled or drawn, but it improves the surface it travels over
by acting upon it after the manner of a garden roller.
When it is wished that the wheelbarrow should travel noiselessly, the roller or
rollers may be covered with india rubber or felt, or other soft material.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ARTIFICIALLY PRODUCING SNOW
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Rae at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1881.
DAVID RAE, of 144, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London. "A NEW OR
IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ARTIFICIALLY PRODUCING SNOW."
For cooling purposes snow is in some cases preferred to ice, but snow is not
readily obtained under the conditions which render cooling necessary or desirablo.
My Invention relates to the artificial production of snow, which I effect in the
following manner:-I form a chamber the walls of which are the sides of tanks or
cells in which brine or other not readily congealable liquid, cooled to a very low
temperature as in ordinary ice making apparatus, is made to circulate. In the
space between those cold walls I cause water to be dispersed in a fine spray,
introducing it under pressure by small nozzles arranged to jet it against checking
surfaces. By means of an air pump I rarefy the air in the chamber so as to maintain
nearly a vacuum therein. The water spray, cooled by the neighbourhood of the
cold surfaces aided by the partial evaporation and removal of air by the rarefaction,
becomes more or less conjealed, producing snow, which is deposited in the
chamber, and can from time to time be removed for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOOR LOCKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johan Mathisen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1881.
JOHAN MATHISEN, of Christiania, Norway.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DOOR LOCKS."
The Invention relates to latch-door locks, and consists in constructing such locks
in the following manner:- -When using metal latches I make the latch hollow at
its front part and place a conical pin therein, which serves to secure the latch by
means of a screw thread. The axle is round and enclosed in a tube as far as it is
not enclosed in the lock, said tube being soldered to the partitions of the
lock. The axle is rigidly connected with a bolt-arm. Two shoulders are
provided in the lock for giving steadiness to the bolt-arm. The bolt arm does not
actuate the bolt directly, but it acts on an intermediate lever provided with two
hooks or projections, one gearing into a suitable hole in the bolt-arm, the other
into a hole in the bolt. The intermediate lever is provided moreover with a
projection carrying a pin, which is guided in the partition of the lock, said pin
being surrounded by a spiral-spring which serves for supporting the latch when at
rest, in which case the bolt-arm rests on a support, which at the same time keeps
the lid of the box shut. The bolt is provided at its lower surface with a hollow
for placing another pin and spring serving for shutting the lock when the door is
slammed. The handle of the latch may be made also of glass, wood, &c.,; in this
case the pin must pass right through the handle and be secured outside by a nut.
In order to adapt this system of a lock for being shut with a key, without applying
an additional bolt, I arrange another lock inside the same box. If the bolt of this
lock is moved by a key it gears into a suitable groove of the main bolt, and the
lock is closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARBOUR AND DOCK WORKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Saint John Vincent Day at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st May 1881. [A communication
from abroad by Walter Robert Kinipple, of Ottawa, in the Dominion of
Canada, Civil Engineer.]
SAINT JOHN VINCENT DAY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARBOUR AND DOCK
WORKS." [A communication from abroad by Walter Robert Kinipple, of Ottawa,
in the Dominion of Canada, Civil Engineer.]
This Invention which relates to improvements in the construction of harbour
and dock works, has reference to that class of such works of which the foundations
are submerged at all stages of the tide, and it has for its object to not only facilitate
the construction and lessen the time occupied in the construction of such works,
but also to dispense with the use of scaffolding, staging, piling, also traversing
engines and gear, as well as the moulds at present employed in the construction of
such works, thereby being productive of a considerable reduction in the cost
thereof.
The Invention consists in forming the foundations, or the exterior portions or
walls of such foundations, of concrete, which is placed thereon (preferably in
dredged channels) at that period before its setting when the concrete is in a plastic
or clay like, as distinguished from the liquid, condition. By placing the concrete
in the water in the plastic condition the materials of which it is formed are
prevented from settling down or out of one another, and by means of this Invention
the original constitution of the concrete is permanently maintained, which is not
the case with concrete when it is lowered or submerged in a liquid state. The
space enclosed between the walls or lines of concrete constructed with plastic
concrete, as hereinbefore described, may be filled in with rubble or other concrete,
so as to make the structure a solid mass throughout.
APPARATUS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF DISINFECTANTS IN PAILS, COMMODES, AND "AN IMPROVED LIKE RECEPTACLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL 'SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Francis Scott and Alfred
John Campion at the Offico of the Commissioners of Patents on the
19th October 1881.
THOMAS FRANCIS SCOTT, MD. and Analytical Chemist, of New Cross, in the
County of Kent, and ALFRED JOHN CAMPION, of Crown Court Buildings, Old
Broad Street, in the City of London, Sanitary Engineer.
APPARATUS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF DISINFECTANTS IN PAILS, COMMODES, AND
"AN IMPROVED
LIKE RECEPTACLES."
Our improvements relates to the construction of pails or receptacles for sanitary
purposes. We construct our pails as follows:-We take a pail or receptacle with
a right angled flange on the top of same, and we insert therein a tank or reservoir
to contain a disinfectant.
In the process of using the same we cause, by the depression of the seat above
the said tank and attach thereunto and support it by springs, an injection from the
said tank of a disinfectant into the pail or receptacle.
We also desire to protect the application of the tank seat to other sanitary
purposes; we do not reserve the right to use any particular disinfectant for this
purpose, but we prefer to use the disinfectant known as the Challenge disinfectant.
We also reserve the right to place the tank or reservoir at the back or above the
apparatus, but what we consider novel is the automatic combination of tank and
sent acting as a cover to the said pail or other receptacle, either by the injection
from the said tank or reservoir of a fluid or powdered disinfectant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HIGH PRESSURE BALL COCKS AND AIR VALVES OR AIR INLETS COMBINED
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Baird at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1881.
WILLIAM BAIRD, Plumber and Hydraulic Engineer, 27, Lower Abbey Street, in
the City of Dublin, Ireland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HIGH PRESSURE BALL COCKS
AND AIR VALVES OR AIR INLETS COMBINED."
According to this Invention one valve acts thoroughly for emission of water and
inlet of air when the cistern is either full or partially full. If the stop cock in the
lower part of the house is shut, and any of the cocks between aforesaid stop cock
and ball cock is opened, the valve at once falls back, admitting air, and consequently
the pipe empties and prevents freezing and bursting.
In one arrangement, according to my Invention, the valve of the ball cock is,
when the cistern is full, normally held against its seat by the pressure of the water
in the pipe. When that pressure is relieved by the stop cock in the lower part of
the house being closed, and one or more of the cocks situated between the aforesaid
stop cock and the ball valve being opened, the valve is forced from its seat by the
pressure of the external air, which enters the pipes by the usual emission outlet of
the ball cock valve to fill the partial vacuum resulting from the weight of the
column of water therein.
.
When the cistern is only partially full, a projection on the end of the ball lever
presses on the head of the valve and removes it from its seat, thus allowing the
water to pass to the cistern; consequently if these circumstances obtain when it is
desired to empty the pipes, the valve does not need to be moved by the entering
air as it is already in its open position.