IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING PARTS OF WATCHES AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS, AS WELL AS OF PARTS OF INSTRUMENTS FOR MATHEMATICAL, OPTICAL, ASTRONOMICAL, NAUTICAL, AND MUSICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
FREDERICK INGOLD, of Dean Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex,
Watchmaker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-first day of December, in the seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Pierre Frederick Ingold, Her especial licence that I, the said Pierre
Frederick Ingold, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Pierre Frederick Ingold, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Isles of Jersey, Guernsey,
Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her said Majesty Colonies
and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
MAKING PARTS OF WATCHES AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS, AS WELL AS OF PARTS OF
INSTRUMENTS FOR MATHEMATICAL, OPTICAL, ASTRONOMICAL, NAUTICAL, AND MUSICAL
PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me,
the said Pierre Frederick Ingold, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the
same to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within

page_text: six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear. And whereas, since the granting of the
said Letters Patent as aforesaid, I, the said Pierre Frederick Ingold, have
petitioned Her Majesty's Solicitor General to be allowed to disclaim so much
of the title of my said Invention as related to parts of instruments for
mathematical, optical, astronomical, nautical, and musical purposes; and
whereas Her Majesty's Solicitor General granted his fiat on the said Petition
for that purpose, and the same has been disclaimed, and the title of my said
Invention now is "Improvements in Machinery for Making Parts of Watches
and other Timekeepers."
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Pierre Frederick Ingold, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
to consist in such improvements in machinery for making, first, what are
called the top and bottom plates of watches and other timekeepers, whereby I
am enabled to bore the necessary holes, make the taps and countersinks, and
give all the various elevations of surface, both at the back and front of the
plates, with such accuracy as greatly to improve the article manufactured; and
with such rapidity and such an inferior class of workman as greatly to
diminish its cost; secondly, for making what are called blanks for cogged
wheels, and balance wheels under similarly advantageous circumstances. And
in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Pierre Frederick Ingold,
do hereby describe the manner in which my said Invention is to be performed,
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS OF THE PLATE MACHINE.
This machine is a species of lathe with a hollow mandril.
Drawing No. I., Figure 1, is a plan, Figure 2 an elevation, and Figure 3
a sectional elevation of the machine, and illustrates the operations performed at
the back of the mandril, and the use of the drilling frame. In this Drawing
are also full sized details of the cutting tools, and full sized figures of the
work performed.
Drawing No. II. illustrates the slide rest and countersinking rest, with
full size details of the cutting tools, and full sized figures of the work
performed, also the elevation of the excentric chuck; the letters correspond on
both Drawings.
Drawing No. III. describes an improved excentric chuck, when any error
that may occur in the excentric index is halved in the excentricity given to the

page_text: work. Drawing Nos. I. and II. are referred to generally in this description,
and reference made to the different Figures shewn thereon. A is the bed or
frame of the machine on which is firmly clamped the mandril headstock B.
C is the mandril which is hollow; D, the rigger by which rotary motion is com-
municated to the mandril from any first mover. E is a table also clamped to
the bed of the machine, on which the tool rests; or tool holders F, G, H, (more
particularly described hereafter) are fixed on hinged joints; these joints are to
allow them to be readily thrown in and out of action as required; and when in
action, they bed firmly on the flat I and in the V, J, by corresponding flats,
and Vi, s, cast on the under part of the main plates of each, and fitted to them.
F is the slide rest; G, the drilling frame; and H, the countersinking rest.
K is the excentric chuck on which the work is fixed.
I will first describe in detail the mandril C, see Figures 1, 2, and 3,
Drawing I., and afterwards the excentric chuck K, Figures 3, 8, 9, 10, the
slide rest F, Figures 6 and 7, the drilling frame G, Figures 3, 4, 5, and
counter-sinking rest H, Figures 11, 12, 13, and then shew the order of appli-
cation by a detailed description of the method of cutting the watch plate out of
the rough metal. The hollow mandril C has parallel bearings, and runs in
steel collars 1, 1, the outsides of which are conical; they are cut in halves, and
can thus be tightened by means of the bolts and nuts. The mandril C is bored
throughout, and into it are fitted at each end the brass bushes a, a, which are
also bored truly with the axis of the mandril, and sliding in them is the
cylinder b, shewn best in Figure 3, which has screwed into it, by a left-handed
screw, the cutter head c, also shewn in Figure 14, which holds the facing
cutter d by the screws e, e, e; this cutter has screwed into it another cutter f;
the large cutter d faces the back of the watch plate, and the small cutter f cuts
it partially out of the blank or rough metal. This tool is prevented
from turning round by the clip 9, at the other end of the cylinder by the
pin g¹ on the bottom of it passing through the lever handle k, and fastened by
the washer i to the shoulder of the pin by a nut j; the lever k works on a
joint bolted through the back of the mandril headstock. and is used to bring
the tool up to its work; the depth of the cut is regulated by the adjusting
screw on the clip g which stops on the back nut of the mandril. The stop
l
on the clip g, when dropped between it and the back nut of the mandril, keeps
the facing cutter out of action. This cylinder 6 is also bored throughout truly
with the axis of the mandril, and in it slides the tool or cutter holder n,
Figure 3, which carries the cutter n', Figures 3 and 15, which cuts the motion
wheel, countersinks the adjusting screw o, regulates the depth of the cut,
stopping on the clip g. This tool is brought to its work by hand, and is kept
m

page_text: from turning round by the facing cutter d, which is cut away to the centre to
allow it to pass. There is also another tool, shewn at Figure 16, and cutter h,
which is fitted in a similar cutter holder to n, that slides in the cylinder b,
which is used to make the countersinks of jewelled holes, and when it is used,
a cutter head c¹, shewn detached at Figure 17, carries the facing cutter d',
which is fixed in a different position to allow it to be cut away more in the centre
than the cutter d, previously described, so that the countersinking tool, Figure 16,
may pass it, as shewn in Figure 17. This tool is brought to its work by hand; the
depth of cut is regulated by the distance the edge of the cutter is from the end of
the tool which stops on the face of the watch plate. K is the eccentric chuck.
L is the main plate which is screwed on to the mandril C. M is the eccentric
slide working between the bevelled guides N, N, screwed to the main plate by
screws and tightened by the thumb nuts O, O. The eccentricity is given by
the screw P working in the brass nut Q, on the main plate L; the other end
of the screw has a V on it working in the block R, fixed on the sliding plate
M. The eccentricity is regulated by the index and divided plate S, shewn
more clearly at Figures 8, 9, and 10, Drawing No. II. On the eccentric
plate M works the chucking plate T (which also forms the dividing plate),
which is fixed in its place by the conical ring U, screwed to the cone t, on
the back of the chucking plate, by screws; it is prevented from turning round
by the detent V. The chucking plate T is divided on its face, and to suit the
number and position of the wheel, countersinks, pivot holes, upper plate and
cock, screw and steady pin holes to be made in the watch plate and referred to
by the numbers 1 to 21. See Figure 9. The plate is moved round by placing
the handle w, shewn at Figure 18, in one of the holes w, w, in the dogs or
clips x, x, lifting the detent and bringing the division corresponding to the
part of the work to be operated upon to the index above the detent; the
detent then being dropped the position of the work to be operated upon is
fixed in the centre of the excentric slide ready to have the degree of eccen-
tricity given to it required. The screw Y of the detent is capable of adjust-
ment with the index by the adjusting screw Z. The gauge 4 is for further
accuracy to ascertain if the plate T is in line with the centre of the
eccentric slide. The holes 3, 3, in the plate T are to allow the metal shavings
to pass out when the tools at the back of the plate are in operation. The dogs
or clips x, x, are used to chuck the blank by; they slide in grooves in the
chucking plate T, and are made to clip the blank by means of the screws 2, 2,
shewn best at Figure 3, Drawing No. 1. I will now proceed to describe the
tools applicable to the rests F, G, H, and firstly the slide rest F, see Figures 6
and 7. F is the main plate of the slide rest working on the hinge joint f",

page_text: as before described. q is the slide working between the guides r, r, screwed
to the main plate F¹; on the slide is fixed the tool rest s, which is bored truly
with the axis of the mandril; the cutting edge of the tool is always in line
with the axis of the mandril; the rest is cut at u, to allow the tool to be fixed
by the screws u; the tool is regulated in its depth of cut by the adjusting
screw v, Figure 7, Drawing No. 2, and is brought up to its work by hand;
the sliding motion is given by the screw rod x, worked by the handle at its
end. The tools used in the slide rest are shewn in detached Figures 19, 20,
21, 23, 23; videlicit, Figure 19 is the facing tool; Figure 20, the facing tool
for the edge of the upper plate; Figure 21, the tool for chamfering the edge
of the upper plate; Figure 22, the tool for cleaning up the pivot holes ;
Figure 23, the tool for the countersink pivot holes. These tools are each
referred to hereafter when the operations of the machine are described.
Secondly, the drilling frame on its rest G, see Figures 3, 4, and 5, Drawing
No. 1. y is the main plate to which the drilling frame is fixed by a double
joint G', so that it may be used for other purposes than drilling when required.
When used for drilling it is fixed by the pin 1 a, which fastens the upper joint
2, and by the screw 5, in the block 6, fixed to the main plate. In this
position the axis of the drilling spindle 7 is true with the axis of the mandrill C.
The drilling spindle is bored truly throughout to admit the drill stock 8.
Rotary motion is given to the spindle by the multiplying wheels 9, 10, by the
handle 11, and is communicated to the drill stock 8 by the driver 12 on the
drilling spindle, and the carrier 13 on the drill stock. The drill is pressed
forwards to its work by band by the milled nut which runs loose on the stock
between the collars 14. The stop 15 regulates the depth of the hole.
Figures 24 and 25 shew respectively the large and small drills of the full size,
which are used for drilling the holes of the watch plate.
Thirdly, as to the countersinking rest H, see Figures 11, 12, and 13, which
is bored at m¹ truly with the axis of the mandril; and in it the tools, shewn
at Figures 26, 27, 28, 29, slide. Their cutting edges are true with the axis
of the mandril. They are brought to the work by hand, and the depth of the
cut regulated by the adjusting screw m". They are prevented from turning
round by the plate 16, fixed to the end of the rest for that purpose. The rest
is also bored at 17 to receive the tool 20 (shewn of the full size at Figure 30),
that cuts the edge of the watch, and at the same time cuts the watch plate out
of the metal, which is the last operation. The size of the watch plate is regu-
lated by the difference of position of the cutting edges of these tools with the
centre of the watch plate, a different tool being used for each. The depth of
cut is regulated by the adjusting screw 18, and the tool is brought to its work
by hand, and is prevented from turning round by the plate 16.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD OF CUTTING THE WATCH PLATE AND ITS
UPPER PLATE OUT OF THE ROUGH METAL..
The blanks out of which the watch plates and their upper plates are
made are all cut previously to the size shewn in Figure 35, Drawing
No. II. In the first place the chuck is adjusted, as shewn in Figure 9
with the zero of both divided plates to their respective indices. A blank
is then chucked by the clips X, X, tightened by the screws z, z. As
a watch plate, with countersiuk back for the dial and with jewelled holes,
has the most work in it, I will describe the method of cutting one out; and as
the sectional elevation, Figure 3, Drawing I., has in the mandrill the tools for
cutting out a watch plate without the jewelled holes, I will suppose that the
cutter head c and cutter d¹; Figure 17, Drawing 1., is attached to the
cylinder 6 in place of those in Figure 3. The cutting edges of both are pre-
cisely alike, but the cutters are placed in different positions in each head.
The cutter d' is expressly for watches with jewelled holes. The first operation
is to mark the size of the plate. The tool 20, see Figures 12 and 30
Drawing II., is placed at 17 in the countersinking rest H, which is brought
into action by being thrown over upon its hinge, as shewn in Figure 12. The
depth of the cut is regulated to the thickness of the plate required, and the
adjusting screw 18 set accordingly; rotatory motion is communicated to the
mandrill, and the tool pressed to its work, till the adjusting screw 18 stops on
the countersinking rest H, which is then drawn out, and the slide rest F
brought into action, as shewn in Figures 6 and 7, Drawing No. II. The
tool, Figure 19, is used to face the plate. The adjusting screw V is set to the
depth of the cut just taken. Rotatory motion is given to the mandrail as before,
and the surfacing motion is given to the slide rest by hand by the screw x and
handle. The finishing cut is performed with the adjusting screw V stopped on
the rests. The slide rest is then thrown out, and the drilling frame brought into
action, as shewn in Figures 3 and 4, and the centre pivot hole is drilled. A
drill, of the size required, is taken and placed in the drilling spindle. In this
case rotatory motion is not given to the mandrill, but the drill is caused to
revolve rapidly by the multiplying wheels 9, 10, and handle 11. The drill is
pressed to its work by hand by the milled nut until the hole is drilled through.
The next operations are performed at the back of the watch plate. The
first operation is to cut the centre motion wheel countersink. For this
purpose the tool n', Figure 15, is used. The facing cutter d is kept back
by the stop m, and the adjusting screw o regulated to the depth of the
countersink required. Rotatory motion is given to the mandrill, and the
cutter pressed to its work by hand, till the adjusting screw. o stops on the

page_text: clip g.
The next operation is facing the back of the watch plate. The
tool n is taken out of the mandrill. The adjusting screw I, shewn in Figures
1 and 2, is regulated to the thickness of the plate required, and the
cutter with the cutter d, to the depth of the shouldered edge of the plate.
Rotary motion is given to the mandrill, and the cutter pressed to its work by
the lever k, till the adjusting screw 1 stops on the back nut of the mandrill.
The drilling frame is now put in action, and the pivot hole of the second
motion wheel drilled in the same manner as the first; it is also tapped; a tap is
held in a stock similar to the drill stock 8, and it is put through the drilling
spindle that the hole may be tapped truly; all holes in the plate are tapped in the
same manner. The eccentric chuck K is previously adjusted by bringing the
centre of the second wheel pivot hole into the axis of the mandrill, by bringing
its corresponding division, No. 1, on the dividing plate T, to the index y',
and the required eccentricity by bringing the index y" of the eccentric
plate to the division No. 1 on the divided plate S; the same method of
adjustment is used in drilling all the rest of the pivot holes and steady pin
holes. The countersink is then made as before; the countersinks on the
face of the watch plate are then made in the following order :-The balance-
wheel lever, escape wheel, third wheel, second wheel, and barrel countersinks ;
the eccentric chuck is adjusted to each, in the manner before described; the
corresponding number of each countersink is given in Figures 9 and 10, Drawing
No. II. All the countersinks are made with the countersinking rest, shewn in
Figures 11, 12, 13, Drawing No. II. The tools are alike, with the exception
of the one for the barrel countersink, Figure 26, Drawing II., which is a double
countersinking tool. Figure 27, Drawing II., is the tool for the second wheel
countersink, and all the others are similar to it, only of smaller sizes. The
adjusting screw is adjusted to the depth required, the tool is put into the rest
at m', rotary motion is given to the mandril, and the tool pressed to the work
by hand, and the countersink is finished when the adjusting screw stops on the
rest; the pivot holes are then all drilled, the chuck being adjusted and the drilling
frame used in the manner already described. The next operation is to clean
up the pivot holes with the tool Figure 22, and chamfer their edges with the
tool Figure 23; both these operations are done in the slide rest, which is fixed
with the index on the tool rest s, at the zero on the bevilled guide r, thus +, a
seen in Figurge 7, when the tool is in the axis of the mandril. The pivot hole
is cleaned up with the tool, Figure 22, which is pressed forward until the edges
are cut away. The chamfering tool, Figure 23, is pressed forward till its
adjusting screw, (for each of these tools has its own adjusting screw,) which
is regulated to the depth and width of the chamfer to be given to the edge of
, as

page_text: the pivot hole, stops on the rest; the countersinks for the jewels to these pivot
holes are then made in the back of the watch plate with the tool Figure 16,
Drawing I., placed in the cylinder b; rotary motion is given to the mandril, and
the tool pressed up by hand, and then all the operations at the back of the plate
are finished; the screw and steady pin holes are next drilled, and the screw
holes tapped for the upper plate and cocks. Figures 9 and 10 will best describe
the adjustment of the excentric chuck in these operations. Holes Nos. 8 and 9
in the watch plate, Figures 36 and 37, are done first, and the rest, 10 to 20,
afterwards, as they require but one adjustment of the chuck, their excentricity
being the same, therefore the dividing plate corresponding with the index y
only has to be moved along the divisions on its face until they have all been
arrived at in turn; when they are all done, the excentric chuck is adjusted to
the same position it was in when the work was commenced, as shewn in Figure 9,
Drawing II. And the last operation is to cut the shouldered edge of the watch
plate, which also cuts it out of the blank. The tool used for this purpose is shewn
full size at Figure 30, and in operation at Figure 12, Drawing II. It will be
remembered that the cutter f on the facing cutter d has already cut the plate
partially through to the depth of the intended edge to be made; rotary motion is
given to the mandril, and the tool pressed up by hand as the cut is nearly to its
depth (which is known by the adjusting screw); the speed of the mandril is
decreased and the remainder of the cut made very carefully, so as to allow the
watch plate to hang to the blank by the burr made by the tool; a rod of wood
fitting into the cylinder b is pressed to the back of the plate to prevent it falling
inside the chuck and being injured by the facing cutter. The watch plate is
now finished, as shewn at Figures 36 and 37, and the remaining part of the
blank out of which it was cut is taken out of the chuck and a fresh one put
in, and the operations described repeated till all the plates required are made.
The upper plates are then made, the method of doing which I will now
describe. As the method of cutting out the upper plate is very nearly similar
to that of the watch plate itself, it will be necessary only to particularize the
order of the operations, shewing the tools that are used in them. Figures 38
and 39 are front and back views of the upper plate drawn of the full size.
The back of the upper plate is faced previously to chucking; the front is faced
with the same tool, Figure 19, Drawing II., and in a similar manner to the
watch plate, by the slide rest; the hedge where the screw and steady pin holes
are drilled is then made by the tool, Figure 20, Drawing II., placed in the
slide rest, the depth with the face first made being regulated by the adjusting
screw on the tool; the chamfered edge is then made by the tool, Figure 21,
with the index of the slide rest corresponding with division I, on the bevilled

page_text: slide r, shewn in Fig. 7, the width and depth of the chamfer being regulated
by the adjusting screw on the tool. The slide rest in this case is not
moved, but the tool pressed forward until the adjusting screw stops on
the rest; the centre countersink o is then made on the back of the plate by
the cutter, Figure 40, Drawing 1, in the cutter head c', Figure 17. The
depth is regulated by the adjusting screw l, shewn in sectional elevation,
Figure 3, and the cut made by pressing the tool to the work by the lever k,
while the mandril is revolving, as in the countersunk face of the watch plate;
the countersink 7 for the barrel is then made in the same manner, previously
adjusting the eccentric chuck with the index y¹ pointing to No 7 of the dividing
plate T, and the index y² to No. 7 of the eccentric dividing plate S, shewn
best in Figures 9 and 10, Drawing II.; the countersink P is then made with
the index y', to Number 21 on plate T, and the index y² to No. 5 on plate S.
The countersink for the balance is next made in a similar manner, and
with the same tool, previously adjusting the eccentric chuck with the index y¹
to division No 2 on plate T, and the index y₁ to No. 2 on plate S;
the countersink on the face of the plate is then made in the same centre
with the tool, Figure 28, used in the countersinking rest, in the same
manner as the countersinking tools for the watch plate; the countersink 2¹
is then made with the eccentric chuck adjusted to Number 9 of the
divided plates T and S, and with the tool, Figure 27, in the countersinking
rest; and then the drilling frame is brought into action, and the steady pin and
screw holes drilled, previously adjusting the eccentric chuck in the same
manner and to the same divisions as the corresponding holes in the watch
plate in the following order: Numbers 9, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
20. The screw holes are then countersunk for the screw heads with the tool,
Figure 29, used in the countersinking rest, adjusting the eccentric chuck to the
Numbers 9, 12, 14, 16, 19, and in that order, the depth of the countersink
being regulated by the adjusting screw on the tool. The last operation is to
cut the plate out of the blank. This operation is similar to that of cutting
out the watch plate; it is done with the same tool and kept from falling
inside the chuck by allowing it to bang to the blank by the burr and using
the same wooden rod, as in the operation of cutting out the watch plate.
I will now refer to Drawing Number III., which contains several views
of the improved chuck, or modification of the chuck shewn in Drawing
Nos. 1 and 2, Figure 31 being a front elevation, Figure 32 a section, and
Figures 33 and 34 edge views of the chuck. And I would here observe that
the letters on this Drawing do not refer to those previously described. B is the
main plate of the chuck screwed to the mandril at a. e is a hardened steel

page_text: collar, shrunk, as it is technically called, or otherwise fixed into the eccentric
plate C; and D a conical steel pin fitting tightly into the main plate B, on
which the eccentric plate C works. h is a key to prevent the pin D turning
round when tightened by the nut f. The excentric plate is moved by the
handle q, and the centre of any part of the work is fixed (for instance a
countersink) in the axis of the mandril by the screw of the detent R dropping
into a hole corresponding with the division representing the part of the work
required, when it is brought to the index S, and the plate is secured by the
tightening bolt F and nut G. 6 is a key to prevent this bolt turning when
the nut G is screwed up. On the excentric plate C works the chucking plate
II, as in the other excentric chuck, Drawing No. 1, Figure 3, by the cone d,
cast on the back and secured by the conical ring 9 screwed to it. n, n, are
the holes for the metal shavings to pass out of when the tools are in operation
at the back. The chucking plate H is also divided to suit the number of
countersinks and screw and steady pin holes in the various watch plates, (the
divisions for a lever watch only are shewn in the Drawing,) and there are cor-
responding holes in the edge of the plate for the screw p of the detent P. The
screws of both detents are capable of adjustment with their indices, that in the
detent R by the screw t, and in detent P by the screw u. The screws of
both detents are kept in their proper position by the springs L, L. The place
where the scale of divisions of the excentric plate is will be found to be more
than double the distance from the pivot pin D that the centre of the chuck is;
any error, therefore, that may occur in the action of the detent is thus propor-
tionately decreased in the excentricity given to the work. The dogs or clipps
S, S, take hold of the work in a different manner to those in the excentric
chuck shewn in Drawings Nos. I. and II., where they are tightened by screws
in the side of the chucking plate; these are entirely on the face of the plate,
and move on centres j, j, and are tightened by the screws I, I, each acting on
the principle of a lever J, J, forming the fulcrum. The chucking plate is
moved round by a handle similar to that shewn in Figure 18, Drawing 11.,
placed in the holes W, W, in Figure 34. The blank M, which forms the watch
plate, is shewn fixed by the clips S, S, and its position is also shewn in
Figure 31 by dotted lines. The divisions and the numbers on the chucking
plate, and also on the excentric plate, shewn in the Drawing, are for making
a similar watch plate to that shewn in Figure 1, Drawing II. This chuck
working on precisely the same principle as that described in Drawings Nos. I.
and II., needs no further description here.
I will now describe the machine for stamping wheels and also polishing the
inner edge of the rim and the inner edges of the arms of the wheels at the

page_text: same time, Drawing Nos. IV. and V., and in both these Drawings similar
letters are used to denote similar parts. Figure 1 is the clevation, and
Figure 2 the plan of the machine. I will describe this machine under four
general heads. C, the matrix and base of the machine. D, the guide to the
two punches W and F. W, the internal, and F, the external punch. This
description will be rendered clearer if it be borne in mind that the principle
on which this machine acts is not to punch the wheel out of the metal blank,
but to punch the metal blank away from the wheel, leaving the wheel in the
same position the metal blank occupied when first put into the machine. I
will first describe what I call the matrix; secondly, the guide to the punches;
thirdly, the internal punch; and, fourthly, the external punch; and then,
by reference to Drawing No. V., the method of applying the machine by a
screw press. Firstly, the matrix and base, Figures 3, 4, and 5, are the
section, elevation, and plan; C is the base of the machine fitted into the press
to be hereafter described. The matrix is in two pieces, drawn separately at
Figures 6 and 7; the part H is fitted in the upper side of the base C, and
secured by the flange hand screws c, c, c; the upper surface a, a, of this
piece H is of the form of the rim of the wheel to be made, fitting into H from
the under side, and fitted to the under side of the base by the flange I and
steady pins i, i, fastened by the screws; j, j, is the part j of the matrix. It is
supported by the nut R, which is screwed into the base C. The nut R has
four holes 0, 0, 0, 0, in it; three to let the metal punched from the inner edge
of the rim and arms pass out, and the centre hole to let the metal punched out
of the centre of the wheel pass out. The upper surface b, b, of the centre j of
the matrix corresponds with the arms and the centre of the wheel to be made; it
is level with the surface a, a, of the part H, and the two parts H and J together
form the matrix on which the metal from which the wheel is formed is placed,
and on which the wheel remains when the rest of the metal is punched away.
The guides S, S, S, S, fit into the main part of the guides for the two punches,
and are to keep that part of the guide which corresponds with the surface
a, b, of the matrix in true line with it when the metal from which the wheel is
made is fixed between the matrix and the punch guides, which I will describe
secondly, and refer to Figures 8 and 9, elevation and plan of the guides
and punches. Figure 9 shews the holes 8, 8, 8, 8, into which the guides
S, S, S, S, just referred to fit, and also the surface de, e, corresponding with the
surface a, b, of the matrix. In the under side of the main part D of the punch
guide is fitted that part of the guide K which corresponds with H, Figures 3
and 6, of the matrix, and fixed by the screws k, k, k, passing through the
flange l, and screwed to D; fitting into K is the part of the guide L, shewn

page_text: detached at Figure 10, corresponding with J, Figure 7, of the matrix; it is
kept in right line by a pin in K, fitting into a groove m, in the ring M; on the
ring M fits the gland P, also shewn detached at Figure II. (which forms
another portion of the guide), kept also in right line by the steady pins p, p.
The centre part of the guide P is cut away, as the centre part of the internal
punch which punches the hole in the centre of the wheel is enlarged where it
passes through P; the hollow cylinder E is screwed into D, and thus secures
the parts K, L, M, P. Thirdly, W is the main part of the internal punch, the
lower parts of which are shewn separately at Figure 12. The three parts
n, n, n, punch away the metal between the inner edge of the rini and the
edges of the arms of the wheel; the centre part 9 punches the hole in the
centre of the wheel. They are all shrunk into the nut n, which is screwed on
to W. The lower part of the punch is guided by passing through K, L,
Figures 13 and 10. Pressure is conveyed to the external punch through the
nut u by the downward motion of the internal punch, and raised from the
matrix by the nut v during the rise of the internal punch. A pin passes
through O to connect the punch to the screw of the press. The inner edges
of the rim and the edges of the arms are polished at the time the metal is
punched away from the wheel by the parts n, n, n, of the punch. This is, in
fact, a slightly enlarged and highly polished part of the punch, and it is this
that performs the polishing part of the operation, the under side of the
shoulder of the enlarged part taking off a very thin sliver of the metal, thus
removing the burr of the punch, while the highly polished surface V of this
enlarged part burnishes up the surface from which the sliver has been cut, as
the tool passes down and up again. Fourth, the external punch is composod
of two parts, shewn apart at Figure 14; the main part F is a hollow
cylinder, and the lower part consists of two segments f, f, of the cylinler,
which pass through slots in the main part of the guide D; and the annular
punch G, shewn detached at Figure 15, is fitted into those segments as
represented in Figure 9 on a shoulder, and screwed by the screws 9, 9. The
guide K, Figure 13, is the guide to the acting part of this punch, which
punches the metal away from outside the rim of the wheel, and also polishes
it by the surface x; and after it has passed below the matrix, cuts the metal
strip into halves by pressing on the cutters t, t, shewn in Figures 4 and 5.
Drawing No. V represents the punch and matrix fixed in a screw press.
Figure 16, elevation; Figure 17, side elevation; Figure 18, plan of the press,
and Figure 19, section shewing the forked lever X. T is the frame of the
press bolted to a block of wood by the bolts 1, 1, 1, 1. U is the lever by which
power is communicated to the punch by means of the screw Q. Y is a nut

page_text: attached to the bottom of the screw Q by the pins 2, 2, and to the punch by the
pin 3, so that the upward motion of the screw will raise the punch after the
wheel is stamped ready to put in another blank. 4, 4, are guides to the nut Y.
The bottom of the press is turned out that the base of the matrix may fit into
it and be in true line with the axis of the screw. The base is fixed there by
the keys 5, 5; a groove 6 is also cut at the bottom as a passage for the metal
punched out of the plate. The lever X is to fix the blank firmly between the
matrix and the corresponding part of the punch guide by the cam Z and the
lever 7.
I will now describe the operation of making a wheel. The punch and
matrix is first fixed in the press by taking off the forked lever X, having first
taken out the pin 8, and then raising the nut Y sufficiently high to let the
base of the matrix enter the recess, and the punch W be under the nut Y;
the base is keyed in its place by the keys 5, 5, and the punch W attached to
the nut Y by the pin 3 passing through the punch at 0; the lever X is then
replaced. The metal strip or blank is then placed on the surface a, b, of the
matrix; and the surface d, e, of the guide comes on to it, and it is fixed firmly
between them by the pressure of the forked lever X, caused by the cam Z and
lever 7. It is thus represented in Figure 1, Drawing No. V., where the
punch is exactly in the same position as in Figure 8, Drawing IV. The bottom
of the internal punch is on the upper surface of the metal. By causing the screw
Qto descend by the lever U, the inner part of the wheel is formed, that is,
the metal between the arms and inner edges of the wheel is punched away, and
polished; and also the hole punched in the centre, while the exterior punch is
being brought down by the nut u on the interior punch W, which will punch
away the metal from the outer edge of the wheel and polish it at the same
time. The motion is stopped when the surface r of the annular ring G of the
external punch is on the cutters t, t, Figure 4, having cut the remaining
portion of the strip outside the matrix in two, the metal punched out of the
internal part of the wheel has fallen through the holes in the base described
in Figures 4 and 5, Drawing IV., and passed out at at the groove 6, in the
press; the pressure is then taken off the guide by placing the lever 7 in the
position represented by the dotted line in Figure 1, Drawing No. V., raising
the punch by the screw Q and lever U, and the wheel is left on the surface
a, b, of the matrix. These operations have to be repeated for each wheel
required.
Now, whereas I have only described the plate machine as adapted to one
size of watch and to one kind of watch, namely, a lever watch, but it may be
adapted to any size or any kind required by adopting a different scale on

page_text: the graduated parts suited to each change, and adjusting the tool accord-
ingly in their rests. And whereas watch barrels also may be made on the
plate machine by adapting the tools to the purpose, and adjusting the dogs
or clips X, X, to the extra thickness of the metal used for the blank, out of
which it is to be turned. And whereas I am well aware that there are many
parts of the plate machine and of the stamping machine, which, considered
by themselves, are old; but whereas I claim as my Invention:-
First, the plate machine as a whole, described in Drawings Nos. 1 and 2, and
the tools therewith employed, and the guide rests for the same, applied to the
manufacture of top and bottom plates, and barrels of watches and other time-
keepers; and separately I claim the three hinged guide rests F, G, H.
Secondly, the chuck shewn at Drawing No. 3, which I claim as an
improved chuck, altogether new, and which is applicable to other purposes
besides making watch plates and barrels.
And, lastly, I claim the stamping and polishing apparatus as a whole,
described in Drawings Nos. IV. and V. for the purpose of stamping out what
are called armed blanks for toothed wheels, and balance wheels, for watches and
other timekeepers, and for polishing the sides of the arms, and the external
and internal edges of the rims of the wheels, after stamping out the parts of the
metal not wanted for the wheels.
And separately, I claim the contrivance for polishing the sides of the arms
and the external and internal edges of the rims of the wheels, and which is
applicable to polishing other stamped articles besides balance wheels and
armed blanks for wheels for watches and for other timekeepers.
And such my Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and belief, entirely
new, and never before used in that part of Her Majesty's United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney,
Sark, and Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations
abroad, I do hereby declare this to be the Specification of my said Invention,
and that I do verily believe this my said Specification doth comply in all
respects fully, and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso in that behalf
in the said in part recited Letters Patent contained; whereof I do hereby
claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierre Frederick Ingold, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
P. F. (L.S.) INGOLD.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of June, in
the eighth year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said Pierre
Frederick Ingold came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery,
and acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-
fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twenty-first day of June, One thousand eight hundred and
forty-four.