Improved Packing or Jointing for Piston-rod, Valve-spindle, and other Stuffing-Boxes, Cylinder-covers, Pipe-joints, and the like.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Dec., 1889
Complete Specification Left. 15th Sept., 1890-Accepted. 1st Nov.. 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Packing or Jointing for Piston-rod, Valve-spindle, and
other Stuffing-Boxes, Cylinder-covers, Pipe-joints, and the like.
I WILLIAM AMBROSE BENNETT, of 36, Bromley Street, Commercial Road,
London, E. do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improved packings for piston rod and other stuffing boxes,
cylinder covers, man-hole doors, pipe joints, etc.
The invention relates to compound packing of that class in which white metal
(lead or tin) is combined with a fibrous or other material (such as asbestos, hemp,
flax, cotton, india-rubber, separately or combined) and the object of my invention is
to make a pliable packing and one which will not be liable to score or otherwise
injure the rods or other parts of the engine, etc., to which it may be applied.
The invention comprises two modes of combining these materials for the purpose
of application in the form of a packing, an open-meshed woven or other loose fabric
of white metal wires being employed in both forms.
In the one case the materials are woven or interlaced together in a single fabric
whereof the metal wires may form the warp and the asbestos or equivalent material
the weft or vice-versa, or either the warp or the weft may be constituted both by
the metallic wires and strands of asbestos or fibrous material in alternate or other
order. The fabric thus produced is rolled upon itself or upon a core into the form
and size of the packing required.
In the other case the packing is formed of layers of asbestos or fibrous material
between layers of the metallic wire cloth or fabric, and the triple fabric thus formed
is folded upon itself backwards and forwards to form a packing of the necessary
width and it is backed up by layers of suitable material and the whole enveloped
in a sheath of a woven fabric.
In both forms the asbestos or fibrous material clothes or fills up the interstices of
the metallic cloth or fabric and ensures a tight joint.
Dated this 28th day of December 1889.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Packing or Jointing for Piston rod, Valve-spindle, and
other Stuffing-boxes, Cylinder-covers, Pipe-Joints, and the like.
I, WILLIAM AMBROSE BENNETT, of 36, Bromley Street, Commercial Road,
London, E., do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to improved packings or jointings for piston rod and other
stuffing boxes, cylinder covers, manhole doors, pipe joints, etc. The improved packing
is constituted by the combination of white metal wire cloth with a fibrous material
such as asbestos hemp flax or cotton (separately or combined) to form a stuffing box
packing or with such a fibrous material or with india-rubber to form a joint packing,
the principal object of my invention being to make a pliable packing which when used
in a stuffing box will not be liable to score or otherwise injure the rod.
The invention comprises two modes of combining a loosely-woven wire fabric with
the fibrous or other material above mentioned to form a gasket or packing.
In the one case, the materials are woven together in a simple ply of fabric whereof

page_text: the wires may form say the warp and the asbestos or other yarns the weft, or vice
versu, or either the warp or the weft may be constituted both by the wires and the
strands in alternate or other order. The composite metallic and fibrous fabric thus
produced is rolled upon itself or upon a core into the form and size of the gasket
or packing required.
In the other case, asbestos or other loosely woven cloth is placed between layers
of the wire cloth or fabric and the three ply fabric thus formed is used in this
form for steam cylinder and other joints exposed to high temperatures whilst for
stuffing boxes it is folded upon itself backwards and forwards to form a gasket or
packing of the necessary width, the requisite thickness being obtained by backing
up the folds of composite material by layers of asbestos or other suitable fibrous
material, the metallic or composite portion being towards the wearing surface, and
the whole may be enveloped in a sheath of a woven fabric to keep the folds in place.
In both forms the asbestos or fibrous material clothes or fills up the interstices of
the metallic cloth or fabric and ensures a tight joint. When the packing is
intended for a stuffing box the asbestos or other fibrous material would, of course,
be thoroughly impregnated with French chalk or other lubricant before being made
up into a gasket.
The wire of which the metallic cloth is made should be, for ordinary sizes, about
No. 21 B.W.G. or a lighter gauge could be used for small size packings, and when
the metallic fabric is wholly composed of wires they should be woven about 10 or 12
to the lineal inch so as to leave interstices large enough to allow the asbestos or
other fibrous fabric to readily squeeze through them when made up into a packing.
In the case of joint packings for cold water pipe and other joints, vulcanized sheet
india-rubber would be placed between two plys of the wire cloth.
The composition of the alloy of which the wire is made may be that of ordinary
white metal with the addition of about 60% of lead to increase its pliability, no
particle of zinc being allowed to enter into its composition. The proportions of the
components of the alloy are about as under, but vary according to the pressure, and
consequently the temperature, of the steam to which the packing may be exposed,
COV

page_text: made in any required lengths and bent to the annular or any other desired form,
the open character of the metallic part of the fabric favoring the bending of the
gasket to a small diameter without distortion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would observe that I am
aware that it has been heretofore proposed to combine solid pleated sheets of white
metal with asbestos cloth by rolling them together for the above mentioned purpose
and in similar forms to those herein referred to and also to make similar packings
by braiding asbestos, yarns, and wires of white metal in alternate concentric layers,
and my invention does not, therefore, include packings so made, but I declare that
what I claim is ;
1. A packing formed of a two-ply or double fabric composed of a ply of open-
meshed white metal wire cloth and a ply of asbestos or other fibrous cloth superposed
the one on the other and rolled up or folded to and fro upon itself to form a gasket,
substantially as specified.
2. A packing formed of a three-ply fabric composed of a ply of asbestos or other
fibous cloth between two plys of open-meshed white metal wire cloth folded to and fro
upon itself to form a gasket, as described.
3. A composite fabric consisting of white metal wires interwoven with fibrous yarns
in either of the ways described for the purpose specified.
4. A gasket or packing formed by rolling up or folding to and fro upon itself a
composite fabric consisting of white metal wires interwoven with asbestos or other
fibrous yarns, as specified.
5. A joint packing formed of sheet india-rubber between two ply of open-meshed
white metal wire cloth, as specified.
Dated this 15th day of September 1890.
W. A. BENNETT.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.

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