IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING, PRO- PELLING, AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, AND IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Louis Marie, Manufacturer, of Paris, in the
French Empire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING, PRO-
PELLING, AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, AND IN OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER."
Scaled the 14th April 1857, and dated the 28th October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Louis Maric at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th October 1856.
I, JEAN LOUIS MARIE, Manufacturer, of Paris, in the French Empire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING,
PROPELLING, AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, AND IN OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in certain means of and apparatus for raising, pro-
pelling, and forcing fluids, and obtaining motive power by the agency of
compressed air acting in connection with a vessel or chamber divided into two
compartments immersed in the water to be raised or otherwise acted on.
This vessel is provided with suitable valves and tubes, and is connected with
a peculiarly constructed tap, worked by means of a lever or balance handle,
actuated by means of stalk valves.

page_text: To illustrate the nature of the apparatus and the node of action, I proceed
to describe it as applied to the lifting of water.
The vessel or chamber is divided into two compartments by a partition. Inlet
valves are provided, one at the bottom of each compartment; branch tubes for
the issue of the fluid lead at bottom, one into each compartment, passing down
to a certain distance from the bottom thereof, while they meet at top in a
common tube or lift. Tubes for the admission and ejection of compressed air
open into each compartment, and at top they lead into another chamber, also
divided into two compartments, and placed under the socket of the tap. Both
socket and tap are divided into two compartments, each compartment having
two orifices so placed as that they may lie two and two, and in two different
lines. The balance handle of the tap is worked by the stalks of two valves (one
opening into the top of each compartment), and is so contrived as to open or
close two orifices in the same line at the same time; compressed air is forced
into the upper chamber, passes through the open orifice, one orifice being open
to the outer air, and communicating through-the-other_two_with_the lower
vessel, one compartment of which is by means of the tap placed in com-
munication with the atmospheric air. Thus supposing the left-hand compart-
ment of the vessel to be, filled with water, the compressed air will close the
inlet valve, and force the water up through the water outlet tube, until it gets
below the level of the bottom thereof, when a valve will close it; the air,
having no other exit, will accumulate, raise the stalk valves, and reverse the
position of the balance handle, thereby closing the opened holes and opening
the closed ones, so that the air may escape through the tube by which it
entered, while compressed air will pass down the other air tube to the right-
hand compartment for a similar action; when the air escapes from ono com-
partment the pressure diminishes, and the inlet valve is forced open for the
inflow of water.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Louis Marie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3
15th April 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN LOUIS
MARIE, Manufacturer, of Paris, in the French Empire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of October, in the year of our 3
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Jean Louis Marie, Her special licence that I, the said Jean Louis Marie,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or, such others as I, the said Jean
Louis Marie, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING, PRO-
PELLING, AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, AND IN OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jean Louis
Marie, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Louis Marie, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is
to say:-
My Invention consists in certain means of and apparatus for raising, pro-
pelling, and forcing fluids, and obtaining motive power by the agency of com-
pressed air acting in connection with a vessel or chamber divided into two
compartments immersed in the water to be raised or otherwise acted on.
This vessel is provided with suitable valves and tubes, and is connected with
a peculiarly constructed tap, worked by means of a lever or a balance handle,
actuated by means of stalk valves.
To illustrate the nature of the apparatus and the mode of action, I proceed
to describe it as applied to the lifting of water. The vessel or chamber is
divided into two compartiments by a partition. Inlet valves are provided, one
at the bottom of each compartment; branch tubes for the issue of the fluid
lead into each compartment, passing down to a certain distance from the
bottom thereof, while they meet at top in a common tube or lift. Tubes
for the admission and ejection of compressed air open into each compartment,
and at the top they lead into another chamber, also divided into two compart-
ments, and placed under the socket of the tap. Both socket and tap are divided
into two compartments, and each compartment has two orifices, so placed that
they may lie two and tow, and in two different lines. The balance handle of

page_text: the tap is worked by the stalks of two valves (one opening into the top of
each compartment), and is so contrived as to open or close two orifices in
the same line at the same time. Compressed air is forced into the upper
chamber, passes through the open orifice, one orifice being open to the
outer air, and communicating through the other with the lower vessel, one
compartment of which is, by means of the tap, placed in communication with
the atmospheric air. Thus, supposing the left-hand compartment of the
vessel to be filled with water, the compressed air will close the inlet valve,
and force the water up through the water outlet tube until it gets below the
level of the bottom thereof, when a valve will close it; the air, having no
other exit, will accumulate, raise the stalk valves, and reverse the position
of the balance handle, thereby closing the opened holes, and opening those
closed, so that the air may escape through the tube by which it entered, while
compressed air will pass down the other air tube into the right-hand compart-
ment for a similar action; when the air escapes from one compartment, the
pressure diminishes,-and-the-onlet valve is forced open for the inflow of nir.
Fig. 1 is an elevation-of-the-apparatus in proper working order, and Fig. 2
shews, on a larger scale, the air pump and a vertical section of the apparatus
placed in a tank of water. A is a chamber, formed of cast iron or other
suitable material; this chamber is divided into two compartments or spaces B
and C, Fig. 2. The compartment B and C are divided by a partition D; a
valve h or ', opening inwards, is fitted at the bottom of each compartment B
and C, to admit the water from the tank or cesspool to be emptied. f,f, are
tubes with float valves g, g', placed in the compartments B and C, through
which the water to be raised passes; i is a box, into which compressed air is
introduced through the pipe O" by means of the air-pump 0, worked by the
handler. This box i is furnished at bottom with two pipes k, k¹, to admit the
compressed air into the compartment B or C of the chamber A, as the case
may be. is a tap fitted to the box i; this tap is divided into two compart-
ments F, F, each having orifices a, b, and a', 6', formed therein; a view of this
tap in section is given at Fig. 3. Four orifices a, a, and 62, 63, are made in
the surface, against which the tap works, as shewn at Fig. 4, corresponding
whit the openings a, b. and a', 6'. These orifices are so arranged that when
two are open two shall be closed, as will be clearly seen on reference to the
Drawings, Fig. 3 and 4. G is a balance rod or lever which works the tap j.
and is caused to oscillate by the action of the two rods II, II, to which are
attached the pistons 1, 1, working in the cylinders q, q'. These pistons are
caused to ascend by the compressed air which enters through the orifices n, n',
raises the valves o', o', up to the weights above, then passes by passages s, s', to

page_text: the cylinders q, q', and raises the pistons 7,1'. As soon as the lever G has com-
pleted its stroke, the coarse of the air is changed in the tap j, which allows the
air to enter the other compartment. p,p', are valves for the escape of air, to
which counterweights are fixed; these valves p.p¹, are moved by the rods or
chains v, v, which are attached to the lever G. The valves p, p', can, if
desired, be dispensed with, in which case the air escapes through the pipe k
or ', and passes off to the tube k". The weights upon the valves 0,0¹,
must be regulated according to the height of water to be raised, and the
distance it is required to be thrown. So emply a cesspool of its contents, or
any other place from which liquid may be desired to be raised, I place the
chamber A with its apparatus into the liquid; compressed air is then forced by
O through the tube O" into the box i; from this box the air passes through,
for instance, the passage k, and enters the compartment B and C of the
chamber A; the air thus forced in presses on the water contained in the com-
partment B, close the valve h, and forces the water through the pipe f to the
common tube R; as soon as the lever G has completed its stroke, the other
orifices in the tap j are opened, which causes the air to enter by the passage
k', and into the other compartment C, from which the liquid is forced through
the tube in the manner before described. The pumping is thus continued
until the whole of the water has been withdrawn. When the water of the
compartment C has descended nearly to the level of the valve seaking g', the
air shuts the pipe f, and continuing to enter by the pipe k raises the valve
o above the passages s', and enters the cylinder 9', actuating the piston P,
and raising the balance rod G, which alters the position of the orifices in the
tap j, and causes a fresh supply of air to issuo from the pump O, which enters
the compartment B, and so on. The oscillating of the lever G causes the rods
v, v, to open and close the weighted valves p, p, which allows the excess of
air to escape from the compartment from which the water has been expelled.
The escape of the air permits the water from the tank E to regain its level in
the empty compartments by the valve h or h'. The double action renders the
working of the machine continuous and regular, and the pressure of the air
can be regulated by the amount of weight placed on the valves o and o¹.
I do not confine myself to the exact form or arrangement of the apparatus
herein before described, as it is evident the same can be varied to suit the
purposes for which it may be intended, without departing from the charac-
teristic features of my Invention, and although I have not described or given
Drawings of the apparatus as applied to the obtaining of motive power, yet it
will be evident it can be used for that purpose.

page_text: And having now described the nature of the .said. Invention, and in what
manner, the, same is to, be performed, I declare that I.claim,-
First, the general arrangement. of machinery and apparatus for the expulsion
of water, from tanks and other, vessels, and, for the elevation of..water. from
mines, quarries, cesspools, .etc., constructed and. operating in the manner
herein-before describe and represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Second, the, improved tap, and the apparatus. connected..therewith,. for
changing the passage, of the air, as herein-before described and represented in
the, Drawings hereunto, annexed.
Third, the application. of the above machine for the purpose of obtaining
motive,power.
-In-witness whereof; I, the said Jean Louis Marie; have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
J. L. MARIE. (L.S.)
Witness,
CH. ARMENGAUD,
Ing Civil, Boulevard de Strasbourg, N° 23,
⚫à Paris.