Method and Means or Apparatus for Making Copies of Drawings, Printed and Written Matter, and the like.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 12th May, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 7th Feb., 1898-Accepted, 12th May, 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Method and Means or Apparatus for Making Copies of Drawings,
Printed and Written Matter, and the like.
I, GUSTAVE ITASSE, of 67, Rue de Provence, Paris, France, Chemist,, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for object the production of copies of impressions, recent or old,
made in fatty ink, either black or coloured, and of drawings, compositions &c. made in
pencils or crayons, whether lead or "Conté" or "Sanguine" etc.
From experiments I have made I have found as regards impressions in fatty inks,
that a part of the ink is absorbed by the pulp of the paper, in a greater or less degree
according to the quality and thickness of the paper, whilst there always remains a
surcharge or excess of fatty ink, which can be removed without inconvenience and
without diminishing the clearness or the strength of the impression. Also that, as
fatty inks can be "refreshed ("rafraîchies") or renewed by various agents, it
follows that if, after having thus refreshed this excess of ink, it be removed by
transportation ("deport "), the original impression will be in no wise altered.
In the case of a pastel, charcoal, etc., or of a drawing in any crayon, black or
coloured, there is a deposit, on the surface of the paper or other support on which the
drawing is made, of molecules of the colouring matter of the crayon which can be
divided in two without losing in an appreciable manner, as regards tonality or shade,
their original value.
I have invented a process that enables me to reproduce impressions in fatty ink and
also drawings in various crayons: in the first case by refreshing or renewing the
surcharge-ink and by removing it afterwards by chemico-mechanical action
("deport") and, in the second case, by dividing in two the molecules of the colouring
patter of the crayon (mechanical action) without in either case injuring or altering
the original at all. This process, as will be easily understood after the foregoing
explanation, consists essentially, in removing or detaching, so to speak, from the
original impression or drawing, a pellicular slice or layer by "deport "of the refreshed
fatty ink or by "dedoublage" (dividing in two) of the molecules of the colouring
matter of the crayon, in such a manner as to obtain, in negative, the reversed image
of the model or original, with all the values of tonality and the shades proper to the
latter; a negative which may afterwards, by a second operation that I shall designate
by the name "transport," be placed in positive on paper, silk, canvas, wood, glass,
porcelain etc., etc., so as to obtain a copy or reproduction absolutely identical with the
original.
My process is consequently applicable to the reproduction not only of all black or
coloured crayon drawings, but also of all impressions in black or coloured fatty ink
and, generally in all cases where, at the surface of the paper or other "support" on
which the original is formed, there is a surcharge or excess of the matter (crayon,
fatty ink, etc.) deposited or applied, and this whether the said matter has or has not
been absorbed to any degree whatever by the paper or other substance constituting
the support, or in a word, in every case where the material deposited or applied, even
in the case of printing, to the surface of the paper, or other substance serving as a

page_text: support to the original, enables to be effected, with or without refreshing the said
material, the "deport or dividing in two, herein before referred to.
22
According to my invention I employ a special chemical paper intended to receive
the exact impression by "deport" of the refreshed surcharge ink or of the molecules
(divided in two) of the crayon, a paper which, once prepared, is not affected by
exposure to air, light, or moisture and to which I give a definitive sensibility at the
moment of employing it, by means of a special liquid having the property of refreshing
the excess of fatty ink or of reducing to one half the colouring molecules of the crayon,
whilst the preparation deposited on the paper has the property of absorbing the
refreshed surcharge-ink or the molecules, divided in two, of the colouring matter of
the crayon.
After having obtained a negative as above referred to I immerse it in a suitable
bath, and place it upon any suitable material for transporting it there and obtaining
in positive or identical reproduction of the original.
The bath just referred to is intended to soften the superficial pellicule of the layer
of absorbent material of the negative in such a manner as to permit this superficial
pellicule, and with it the drawing or impression that it has absorbed, to be deposited
by transport and in positive upon the surface of the material.
Instead of preparing the chemical paper by spreading a layer of the sensitive com-
position on ordinary paper, gummed paper may be employed, that is to say paper
coated on one of its surfaces with a layer of suitable gum or paste, and on the gummed
surface of this paper there may be spread the layer of sensitive composition. This
paper may be used as ordinary sensitive paper in order to obtain the "deport"; then
this having been obtained, one can, by steeping the paper so as to soften the paste
easily separate the sheet of paper serving as a support from the chemical layer or
pellicule. In this way there will be obtained in the one case as in the other, on the
one hand the negative or reversed image of the original, and on the other hand, the
rectified or identical image of the latter, which would then be seen by transparence.
The "deport" on glass could be made under the same conditions, which would enable
there to be obtained at a very low cost glass representations having, as regards
execution, a very real artistic value. These glass representations could, moreover, be
obtained by "transport" on glass of a negative copy obtained by "deport" in the
manner herein before described.
pre-
In order that my process and the mode of putting it into practice may be fully
understood I now indicate in detail but by way of example only, the manner of
paring sensitive paper. The composition of the sensitizing or softening liquid, and,
finally, the manner of proceeding in order by means of this paper and this liquid to
obtain the absolutely perfect and identical production of every impression in fatty
inks and also of all drawings or compositions made under the conditions hereinbefore
stated, which for the sake of greater simplicity and convenience I shall hereinafter
refer to under the generic name of "original" it being well understood that this
term comprises all drawings, documents impressions etc., that, fulfilling as regards
execution the conditions herein before mentioned, are capable of being reproduced by
my process.
For the preparation of my chemical paper, I employ as a support any suitable
substance, any paper whatever, for example, and of any colour whatever.
On one of the surfaces of this paper I spread by any suitable ineans, such, for
example, as a machine for spreading the composition on the cloth in the manufacture
of soap plaster, a layer, of a thickness that is regular, but may be varied as desired,
of a composition having the property of absorbing the refreshed surcharging or the
colouring molecules, divided in two, of the original.
I have, however, invented for this purpose, a special apparatus constructed in such
a manner as to spread the layer very uniformly over the paper.
It essentially comprises a frame which can be of any suitable form and dimensions,
and made of any suitable material, for supporting the parts of the apparatus. In this
frame suitably supported, a roller from which unrolls the paper to be rendered
sensitive or coated with the sensitive layer. In front of the supports to this roller,

page_text: there is arranged on the frame a receptacle containing the sensitive preparation or
chemical paste to be spread upon the paper. This receptacle terminates in the
lower part in an outlet orifice or "clarinette" of any suitable kind, controlled by a
cock or set of cocks. Shortly after passing from the said roller the paper passes
under a small levelling or stretching roller and arrives upon a slightly convex and
inclined table arranged on the frame just below the said receptacle.
In front of this receptacle, there is arranged a scraper. The height of the lower
edge of this scraper above the said table can be regulated according to the thickness
of the paper and the thickness of the layer that it is desired to deposit on the
surface, by means of the following arrangement.
On the scraper there are provided two lugs in which there are tapped holes in
which work micrometer screws carrying at their upper end bevelled pinions and
mounted in such a manner as to be able to rotate freely but not to be displaced
vertically endwise in their brackets.
These pinions engage with two other bevelled pinions that are keyed on a shaft
provided with a handwheel. By turning this shaft by means of the handle, the
scraper can be raised or lowered in such a manner that its lower edge is always
parallel to itself and to the table and so as to regulate as well the distance between
this edge and the upper surface of the paper.
This distance having been once regu-
lated, it is easy to understand that the scraper will equalize in a perfect manner the
layer of material placed on its surface as it is carried along under the "clarinette."
On passing from under the scraper the paper passes over a drying drum, after
which it is finally rolled up on a roller or beam.
Any other suitable drying or ventilating arrangements may, if found desirable or
necessary, be interposed and allowed to act upon the paper. After it has passed the
scraper and before it arrives at the beam, in order to ensure a more perfect drying
of the layer, when the drying effected by the aforesaid drum would not be
sufficient.
Of all the compositions that can be employed for this purpose, that which has
given the best results is obtained by dissolving pyroxyline in the proportion of five
to seven per cent. by weight in a mixture consisting of equal parts of ethylic alcohol
at 40 and ethylic ether at 60, and adding to this mixture five to twenty parts by
weight of castor oil for one hundred parts of ether.
I find that a suitable bath for using as hereinbefore set forth, that is to say
a liquid possessing the properties hereinbefore referred to, may be produced by
adding to sulphuric ether at 40° or better at 56° about ten to forty per cent. of ethylic
alcohol at 80°. This preparation serves as a steeping bath for moistening the
chemical paper both for the "deport" and also for the "transport." It must,
however, be well understood that the composition of this liquid may be varied, but
I do not limit myself to it strictly because it can be easily modified without departing
from the principle of my invention, which, as I have said before, rests essentially
on the dividing in two of the original without any other alteration or modification
whatever of the latter.
An image or negative copy having been obtained as hereinbefore described, it is
dipped during about thirty seconds at the moment of effecting the "transport" (or
better, immediately after obtaining the "transport ") in the steeping or softening
bath hereinbefore described. Also, in order to economize the liquid, it can be poured
upon the surface of the negative image in such a manner as to soften or steep it
totally. Instead of employing for the "transport" the same steeping bath as for the
deport" I might modify it more or less, or better, employ a different bath having
to a greater degree the property herein before referred to.
The formula of this special "transport" bath for preventing the slipping of the
lines and the discharge of the chemical paper on the paper or new support of the
positive, is as follows:-

page_text: After having withdrawn the negative from the bath, or after having humidified it,
it is allowed to drain for a few instants, it is then applied carefully on the surface of
the material that has been chosen for this "transport" and slight pressure is
exercised with the hand. The superficial pellicule thus rendered movable, so to
speak by the immersion in the bath, is in some way "snapped up" by the paper, and
it adheres to it firmly.
Method and Means or Apparatus for Making Copies of Drawings,
Printed and Written Matter, and the like.
I, GUSTAVE ITASSE, of 67, Rue de Provence, Paris, France, Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
he particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a process for reproducing, on the one hand, all old or
recent impressions made in fatty inks whether in black or in colours, and, on the
other hand, all drawings or compositions such as charcoals, pastels and the like, made
with various crayons, such as lead, "Conté," red chalk and the like.
I purposely make a distinction between impressions on the one hand and pencil
drawings, charcoals, pastels and the like, on the other hand.
From researches and experiments which I have made on the subject, it appears
evident, as regards impressions made with fatty inks, that a portion of the ink is
absorbed by the pores of the paper, in a greater or lesser degree according to the
quality and thickness of the paper, whilst there always remains an excess of fatty ink
which can be removed without inconvenience and without diminishing in the least
degree the clearness or the strength of the impression.
Now, as fatty inks can be refreshed or "renovated" by various means, it follows
that if, after having thus refreshed this excess of ink, it be removed by partial
transfer, the original impression will be in no wise altered.
In the case of a pastel, charcoal or like drawing, or of a drawing in any pencil,
whether black or coloured, there is a deposit, on the surface of the paper or other
support on which this drawing has been made, of molecules of the colouring matter
of the crayon and these colouring molecules can be "divided up
without losing in
23
an appreciable manner their original value either as regards tone or shade.
Now, in view of the foregoing, there remained to be found a process which, based
npon the facts I have just mentioned, would allow the reproduction of impressions
made with fatty inks as well as drawings made with various crayons: in the first
case, by refreshing, renovating or reviving the surplus of the ink and then by
removing it by so-called "partial transfer " (this being a chemico-mechanical action),
and, in the second case, by "dividing up" the molecules of the colouring matter of
the crayon (this being a mechanical action) without in either case injuring or
altering the original in any way.
This is the process which I have invented for this purpose and which forms the
main subject matter of the present application. Broadly speaking, this process
consists essentially in removing or detaching, so to speak, from the original
impression or drawing, a superficial pellicular layer or slice by way of transfer of the
revived fatty ink or by way of a so-called "division" of the molecules of colouring

page_text: natter of the crayon, in such a manner as to obtain in negative, the reversed image
of the model or original with all the details of tone and shade belonging to the
atter; a negative inay afterwards, by a second operation designated "transfer
proper," be carried over, in positive, on paper, silk, canvas, wood, glass, porcelain
and the like, so as to obtain a copy or reproduction absolutely identical with the
original.
My process is consequently applicable, in a general way, to the reproduction not
only of all black or coloured crayon drawings, but also of all impressions in black or
coloured fatty inks and, generally in all cases where, on the surface of the paper or
other support on which the original is formed, there is an excess of matter (crayon,
fatty ink and the like) deposited or applied, (whether the said matter has or has not
been absorbed in any degree by the paper or other substance constituting the
support) or, in a word, where the matter deposited or applied, even in the case of oil
paintings, to the surface of the paper or other substance serving as a support for the
original, enables the accomplishment of the so-called "partial transfer" with or
without revival of the said matter.
This process depends essentially on the use of a special chemical paper destined
to receive the exact impression of the original by so-called "partial transfer" of the
revived surplus ink or of the "divided" molecules of crayon, a paper which, once
prepared, is not affected by exposure to air, light and humidity and to which I impart
a definite sensitiveness at the moment of employing it, by means of a special liquid
having the property of reviving the excess of fatty ink or of "dividing up" the
colouring molecules of the crayon whilst the preparation or composition deposited on
the paper has the property of absorbing the revived surplus ink or the "divided up
molecules of the colouring matter of the crayon.
"
In order that my process and the means for putting it in practice may be clearly
understood, I shall now describe in detail an instance of the mode of preparing the
chemical paper, the composition of the sensitizing or damping liquid and, finally,
the modus operandi in order to obtain, by means of this paper and this liquid, an
absolutely true and identical reproduction of any impression in fatty inks, as well as
of all drawings or compositions made under the conditions herein before stated, and
which, for the sake of simplicity and convenience, I shall hereafter refer to under the
generic name of "Original," it being understood that this term includes all drawings,
documents, impressions and the like which, fulfilling the aforementioned conditions
as regards execution, are capable of being reproduced by my process.
PREPARATION OF THE CHEMICAL PAPER.

page_text: In front of this receptacle is placed a scraper the height of whose lower extremity
above the table g may be regulated according to the thickness of the paper x and
the thickness of the layer to be deposited on its surface, by means of the following
arrangement.
On the surface are provided two screw-threaded lugs i, in which work the
micrometric screws ), carrying at their upper ends bevelled pinions, respectively,
and so mounted as to be able to rotate freely, but not to be displaced endwise in their
bearings l,l.
The pinions, engage two other bevelled pinions m, m¹ respectively, which are
keyed on to a shaft n provided with a hand-wheel o. It is evident that by causing
the shaft n to revolve by means of the hand-wheel o, the scraper h can be raised or
lowered in such a manner that its lower edge h¹ is always parallel to itself and to the
table g, so as to regulate at will the distance between the edge h¹ and the upper
surface of the paper x.
This distance being once regulated, it will be readily understood that the scraper will
equalize the layer of matter placed on the surface of the paper as the latter is carried
along under the discharge aperture d.
On passing from under the scraper h, the paper passes over a drying drum
which it is finally rolled upon a beam q.
12", after
Any other suitable drying or ventilating arrangements may, if it be found desirable
or necessary, be interposed on the passage of the paper after it has passed the scraper
and before it reaches the beam 9, in order to ensure a more perfect drying of the layer
in case the drying effected by the drum p should not suffice.
I have, after numerous experiments, been able to establish, as definitive result, that
one obtained excellent results in the different cases, by employing a composition
obtained by dissolving pyroxiline (gun-cotton) in the proportion of 4 parts by weight
in a mixture consisting of 100 parts in weight of ethylic ether at 56° at the centesimal
alcoholmeter, and 7 parts in weight of ethylic alcohol at 80° at the centesional
alcoholometer, then by adding to this mixture 5 parts by weight of castor-oil.
In the various particular cases, this formula can advantageously receive slight
modifications. I will indicate the formulæ best suited to the most frequent cases :-
(1) To effect the so-called "partial transfer" of typographic impressions, the
formula to be used is as follows:-

page_text: According to Braconnot, cellulosic matter treated by the hot process by concen-
trated nitric acid dissolves therein and yields a liquid in which the water precipitates
a matter identical with xyloidine.
Nitrated cellulose may be regarded as a compound analogous to nitro-benzine and,
from numerous experiments, it appears evident that nitrated cellulose varies in its
composition and its properties according to the conditions under which it is prepared.
As to the pyroxyline destined for use in the preparation of my composition, the
maximum of nitrification should be attained by a given mixture of nitric acid and
sulphuric acid.
Experience prescribes the following precautions for the attainment of a homogeneous
product.
The cotton should be well cleaned and well dried before my immersion. Absolutely
pure products only should be used. After a first immersion in the acid mixture, a
second immersion is effected in a fresh liquid. This second immersion longer than
the first, should last about 48 hours so that the nitrification, which is almost instan-
taneous for the external layers, may permeate equally throughout the mass.
After washing, the product is placed in an aqueous solution of soda to complete
neutralization.
The nitric acid used should have a density of 15; the ordinary sulphuric acid as
sold in the trade at 66° suffices.
It
The most advantageous mixture consists of 3 parts of nitric acid to 5 parts of
sulphuric acid. The use of sulphuric acid is desirable in that it enables somewhat
less concentrated nitric acid to be used than would be the case if used alone.
absorbs the water supplied during the reaction and consequently prevents the bath
from becoming altered too soon by dilution. But it is especially active in absorbing
the nitrous vapors contained in the acid, which vapors tend to dissolve the cellulose.
The bath should be cold before immersion and should be maintained at a low
temperature.
I can likewise obtain a very good product by making use of a mixture of saltpeter
and sulphuric acid followed by washing with soda.
When once the composition has been spread over the paper as already described,
the preparation of the latter is completed. It is not effected by exposure to air, light
or even moisture and may be kept indefinitely.
In order to employ it, it suffices to render sensitive, so to speak, the layer of
composition at the required moment by wetting it with some suitable liquid possess-
ing the property of reviving or refreshing the fatty inks or of dividing up the mole-
cules of colouring matter of the crayon.
PREPARATION OF THE LIQUID.
I obtain a bath, i.e., a liquid possessing the aforesaid properties by adding to
I obtain a bath, i.e., a liquid possessing the aforesaid properties by adding to
sulphuric ether at 40°, or better still at 56°, about 10 to 40% of ethylic alcohol at 80°.
This preparation as will be noted hereafter, serves as a bath for damping or moisten-
ing the chemical paper, alike for a "partial transfer " as for a "transfer proper."
The proportion of the elements of this liquid can, however, be changed without
departing from the principle of this invention, as the result sought for will
nevertheless subsist, although with less perfection.
The preparation of the paper and of the bath having now been described, I shall
proceed to set forth the manner of employing them, so as to obtain the exact
reproduction of a given original, and I shall begin by the :-
:-

page_text: The excess of liquid is then removed either by the use of blotting paper, or by
exposing the wet sheet a few moments to the air, after which it is placed on the
original to be reproduced, with the prepared side against the said original.
It is then subjected to pressure either by means of a press, or of a roller, or with
the hand, or in short by any other means; the liquid refreshes or revives the ink or
"divides" the colouring molecules of the crayon and the composition spread over
the chemical paper absorbs either the excess of fatty ink or the divided molecules
of the colouring matter of the crayon; this takes place very quickly and the manner
in which the negative is being " formed may be ascertained by raising a corner
of the chemical paper. When it is considered that the negative proof is sufficiently
intense, the chemical paper is immediately separated from the original.
وو
A negative proof is thus produced which can be preserved just as it is obtained,
and which gives the reversed image of the original.
If a positive proof is required, the same as the original, the mode of procedure is
as follows:
TRANSFER PROPER.
Taking the image or negative proof, obtained as already described, it is dipped
for say thirty seconds, at the time of performing the transfer proper, or, preferably,
directly after it is obtained, in the bath herein before described. For the sake of
economy, the liquid could even be poured over the surface of the negative image so
as to wet it thoroughly. The effect is to soften the surface of the sensitive layer (not,
however, to such a degree as to blur the lines of the drawing or composition) and to
cause the excessively thin superficial pellicule or film, on which the original has been
either in part deposited or wholly transferred, to become, so to speak, capable of being
removed. Instead of using the same bath for the transfer proper as for the partial
transfer, I may modify it more or less, or preferably use a different bath possessing
in a higher degree the aforesaid property.
The formula of this special bath for the transfer proper, in order to avoid "slipping"
of the lines and the discharge of the chemical paper on the paper or new support of
the positive, is as follows:-

page_text: Nevertheless, should the production of a transfer proper on smooth paper, glass,
porcelain or other smooth surface be required, this could be attained by modifying
the composition of the sensitive preparation by the adjunction of a certain quantity of
some turpentine, preferably Venetian turpentine or by retaining the ordinary
composition but then adding a certain quantity of the said turpentine to the bath,
which would impart to the layer of ink or colouring matter removed by division, a
plasticity suitable for facilitating the partial transfer on to a smooth surface without
fear of superficial slipping which would blur the positive proof obtained by transfer
proper.
In cases where the transfer proper is to take place on smooth paper, porcelain or
other like surface I have after numerous experiments, decided upon the following
formula for the preparation of the sensitive composition spread over the chemical
nanor
Instead of obtaining the positive proof by transfer proper of the negative proof
on paper, satin etc. as hereinbefore described, a positive image may also be obtained
right off at the outset by transparency, by taking as a support for the sensitive
layer, a translucent or transparent material such as celluloid, tracing paper or
vegetable pellicule, gelatine or the like. Again, a sensitive transparent pellicule or
film could be prepared, formed solely of my composition of sufficient thickness to
afford cohesion.
Again, the following mode of operating might be followed :-instead of preparing
the chemical paper by spreading a layer of sensitive composition on ordinary paper,
I take gummed paper i.e. paper coated on one of its sides with a suitable gum or
paste, and I spread the layer of sensitive composition on the said coated face. Such
coated paper is used like the ordinary chemical paper, for obtaining the so-called
"partial transfer "; then, when once the latter is obtained, the sheet of paper serving
as a support for the chemical layer or film may be easily separated by damping the
paper so as to soften the gum or paste. By this means, the operator would in
either case have; on the one hand, the negative or reversed image of the original;
on the other hand, the perfect or identical image of the original which would then
be seen by transparency. A transfer on glass could be effected under the same
conditions, which would permit of obtaining at very low prices, window-panes offering
real artistic value from the stand-point of their execution.
These panes could likewise be produced by "transfer proper" on to glass of a
negative proof, obtained by so-called "partial transfer " in the manner herein before
described.
By the same method, proofs on glass for lantern slides may be obtained at little
cost.
For a transfer on glass, the said gummed sensitive paper may be advantageously

page_text: employed. The "partial transfer " once obtained, as described, it suffices to apply it
to the glass previously coated with a layer of varnish, then to moisten the sheet of
paper serving as a support for the chemical composition, so as to easily separate that
sheet from the pellicule or film on which the "partial transfer" has been effected, the
said pellicule being left adhering to the glass. The same mode of operation is
applicable in the case of porcelain and, as a general rule, in the case of other materials
of a like nature.
My process may be applied in many instances and allows of the making of
reproductions (at an insignificant cost) so to speak instantaneously, with extreme
simplicity and on the most varied materials, of an original fulfilling the aforementioned
conditions and of which one or more true and perfect copies are desired.
I say one or more copies as, indeed, my process of reproduction does not confine
itself to a single "partial transfer" and to a single "transfer proper" of a given
original.
If, instead of partially transferring or of dividing up the original to such a degree
as to remove all excess of refreshed ink or of removing the whole of the divided
molecules of the colouring matter of the crayon, I content myself with a less sharp
negative and, if I stop the operation before the " partial transfer " has been
completely effected, or in other words, before the original has given up all it is
capable of giving in the way of a transfer, I then obtain a first negative; and by
recommencing, with another sheet of chemical paper, the same operation on the
same original, but this time performing the "partial transfer more thoroughly, I
then obtain a second negative in the same manner.
"
With each of these two negatives, I can obtain two positives; to this end, instead
of purely and simply transferring them, as already described, it suffices to make two
further "partial transfers" of each of these negatives on my chemical paper by
operating as already explained in the case of the original, which "partial transfers"
will be turned into positives and furnish, together with the original, five identical
copies of the same drawing, design, composition or document.
But the possibility of multiplying the number of copies does not even end there
and, it will be understood without proceeding any further, (bearing in mind what
has been previously said) that if, after having obtained by partial transfer on tracing
paper on any other suitable transparent material, a negative proof constituting a
positive by transparency, the negative thus formed is laid on a sheet of ordinary
photographic paper (heliographic paper, cyano-ferric paper and the like) and the
whole be exposed to the light in a printing-frame, as many proofs as are wanted can
be obtained in the same way as from a tracing or any ordinary photographic paper
negative.
By transferring on to satin the negative proof obtained by partial transfer,
decorations for screens, fans, etc., etc., may be secured at a very low cost reproducing
with scrupulous accuracy the tone and shade of any given drawing or composition
made with fatty inks, either black or coloured, or all drawings made with various
kinds of crayons.
The process can likewise be applied in decorating porcelain, in transferring on
canvas and for transferring embroidery designs and the like.
Finally, I will further point out an original application for the process, of great
value, which will enable the copper or steel engraver, for instance, to reproduce, in
most cases, on to the plate the original which serves him as a model, this being
effected without having recourse to pricking or stencilling and without deteriorating
the original in any way. All that he need do for this purpose is to make a negative
by "partial transfer" in the manner hereinbefore described, then transfer the said
negative on to chemical paper, then apply the so divided image on to the copper or
steel plate previously coated with one or preferably, two coatings of varnish intended
to cause the transferred image to adhere to the metal. The artist has only then to
follow the lines of the copy, (thus faithfully transferred in reverse), of the original
which he wishes to reproduce by engraving. The operation could also be made direct

page_text: by sensitizing" the surface of the copper and then producing on the surface tbus
sensitized a negative "partial transfer " of the original.
The amateur of pyrography will likewise find a precious auxiliary in my process
which will enable him to obtain (by making a partial negative transfer of the
original and by transferring the said negative on wood) a true reproduction, i.e. seen
from the right side, of the drawing which he wishes to copy by pyrography.
Briefly, this process is applicable for purposes equally numerous and interesting
from many stand-points, and the few cases herein given are solely given as instances
in which it may be used with considerable advantage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
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1. A process for reproducing all impressions made in fatty inks, whether in
black or in colours, and all drawings made with various crayons such as lead,
charcoals Conté, pastels and the like, which process consists essentially in removing
or detaching, by "partial transfer a very thin and superficial pellicule of the
drawing or composition constituting the original, either by removing the excess of
fatty ink, after having refreshed or "renovated" it, or by "dividing up" the
molecules of the colouring matter of the crayon, deposited over the surface of the
substance serving as support, so as to obtain a reversed copy or negative, which can
then be transferred into a positive on paper or any other suitable matter, in order to
have an identical reproduction of the original, substantially as hereinbefore set
forth.
2. For the carrying out of the process according to Claim 1,-the application on
the surface of a paper or any other suitable support, of a composition formed by the
dissolution of pyroxyline (gun-cotton), in a mixture of ethylic ether and ethylic
alcohol, with subsequent addition of castor-oil,-this composition being destined
to absorb the surplus of the refreshed fatty inks or the "divided up" molecules of
the colouring matter, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
3. For the carrying out of the process according to Claim 1,-the application of a
liquid formed by a mixture of sulphuric ether and ethylic alcohol, this liquid being
poured, at the inoment of the operation, over the surface of the layer of absorbing
composition which covers the paper or support, so as to give a definitive sensibility to
this composition, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
4. For the carrying out of the process according to Claim 1,-the method which
consists to take a sheet of paper or any other suitable substance, - to spread over
its surface a composition destined to absorb, either, the excess of fatty ink, or, the
"divided up" molecules of the colouring matter of the original,-to pour on the
said sheet, over the.layer of composition, a liquid susceptible of giving a definitive
sensibility to this composition, and, having the property of refreshing the excess of
fatty ink, or, of dividing up the molecules of the colouring matter of the original,-
and, to apply the sheet, thus prepared, on the original to be reproduced, so as to
obtain by partial transfer a reversed image of the original, i.e. a negative,
substantially as herein before set forth.
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5. For the carrying out of the process according to Claim 1,-the use of a bath
formed by the dissolution of pyroxyline, in a mixture of alcohol and ether, this bath
being destined to soften the superficial pellicule of the layer of the absorbing matter
of the negative, so as to allow this superficial pellicule and the drawing or impression
absorbed by the said pellicule, to be deposited by "transfer proper" and as a positive
on the surface of any suitable matter, substantially as herein before set forth.
6. For the carrying out of the process according to Claim 1,-the method which
consists, after having obtained by transfer, a negative of the original to be repro-
duced, to immerse this negative in a bath formed by the dissolution of pyroxyline in
a mixture of ether and alcohol, and then, to apply it over any suitable inatter in order
to transfer it and to obtain in the shape of a positive, the identical reproduction of
the original, substantially as herein before set forth.

page_text: 7. In a process according to Claim 1, the use of á gummed paper as support, over
the gummed surface of which is spread the layer of sensible or absorbing composition
destined to receive the negative by "partial transfer," so as to allow, once this
negative obtained, to easily detach, by simply wetting it, the absorbing pellicule from
its paper support, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
8. For the industrial preparation of the chemical paper destined to receive the
reversed image, an apparatus destined to spread very evenly over the surface of
the paper, the layer of absorbing composition, this apparatus comprising essentially
a roller b, from which the paper unwinds,-a receptacle c containing the sensitizing
chemical preparation,--a discharge outlet d through which passes the preparation
coming from the receptacle c and falling on the sheet of paper x,-a scraper h, the
height of whose lower extremity h, may be regulated above the sheet of paper, so as
to regularize the thickness of the layer to be deposited on the surface of this paper,
and finally, a drying drum p, on which the sensitized paper passes, and a beam 9 on
which it is rolled after having been dried, substantially as hereinbefore described and
represented in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 7th day of February 1900
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.