IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS CONSTITUTING A SELF-ACTING READER FOR THE JACQUARD, TO INDICATE AND SELECT THE CORDS OF THE PATTERNS, AND TO TRANSFER AND PERFORATE THEM OR ANY SUITABLE MATERIAL, AND PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Duncan Mackenzie, of Pakenham Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer,. for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS CONSTITUTING A SELF-ACTING READER FOR THE
JACQUARD, TO INDICATE AND SELECT THE CORDS OF THE PATTERNS, AND TO
TRANSFER AND PERFORATE THEM OR ANY SUITABLE MATERIAL, AND PARTS OF
WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 28th February 1873, and dated the 5th September 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Duncan Mackenzie at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th September 1872.
I, DUNCAN MACKENZIE, of Pakenham Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS CONSTITUTING A SELF-ACTING
READER FOR THE JACQUARD, TO INDICATE AND SELECT THE CORDS OF THE
PATTERNS, AND TO TRANSFER AND PERFORATE THEM OR ANY SUITABLE MATERIAL,
AND PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER FURPOSES," to be as follows:- -
My Invention first relates to and consists of such improvements in
machinery and apparatus as constitute a self-acting reader for the
°
A

page_text: direction in which the handle fixed on the front end of the screw may be
turned. Two studs are formed or fixed at right angles in this adjustable
fulcrum and sliding box. On the end of the under stud a slide with a
paper washer and a nut is mounted, while the upper part of the sliding
box having a countersunk formed on it serves as a slide to the top stud.
A slotted lever with a top countersunk slide is mounted on the upper end
of the stud fixed in the sliding box,, and secured in its position by a nut.
The back end of this lever has a perpendicular pin or stud fixed in it,
and a small friction roller is mounted on each of its ends. The top end
of this pin or stud, with the friction roller, fits into a helical groove
formed in the cam keyed on the front cross shaft that revolves on bear-
ings in the two side frames of the machine, whilst the lower end of the of
the stud or pin, with its roller, also travels in a slot either formed in the
bracket, or movable and secured on its surface. The front end of this
cam lever, which has a small slot formed in it, acts on the upper end of
a perpendicular pin or stud which has a collar or shoulder suitable for
bearings for the lever to work in. The lower end of this vertical stud is
fixed or secured in a horizontal bar which has bearings in corresponding
slots cut or formed in two curvilinear brackets mounted on and fastened
in line with the exterior ends of the two front brackets, which have
already been described. This horizontal bar has three slots cut or formed
in it, one in the centre, and one at each end, to adjust and fasten in them
a case of pointers that will be presently explained. A series of indices
of such a construction, and of such a combination of parts as form and
constitute a compound parallel, and an adjustable proportional motion
susceptible of an instantaneous expansion or contraction, and of a
simultaneous regulation or adjustment to any fractional part of an inch,
or to any degree of graduation that the operation may possibly require,
for by a single action or pulling the handle all the vertical and diagonal
constituent or compound parts of the motion are equally and propor-
tionally affected, is mounted in a suitable frame or case having two
horizontal sides, which have two interior grooves, one formed in each side,
and parallel to each other; and each of the vertical pointers has a pin
fixed in its centre, and its opposite end enters the groove of the front
side of the frame, so as to maintain an uniform or invariable vertical and
horizontal fixtion in the frame when once set. The under part of this
frame has three studs fixed in it, one in the centre, and one at each end
with a shoulder, and a thread formed on it so as to fit the slots of the
horizontal bar, that has been previously explained.
On this bar the case.

page_text: containing the mechanism of the pointers, which has an intermit
motion to and fro in front of the machine by the action of the cam on
the lever is secured.
It is proper further to add in connection with this motion that each
one of the perpendicular indices has two slots cut or formed in it, one
towards each end thereof, and that the front projecting of the two
horizonial pins which connect the two ends of their corresponding
diagonal or slanting ribs of each pointer work in the slots at any rate of
speed, that the mechanism of the motion may be effected by any suitable
kinds of leverage, or by that of gearing of wheels. And all the per-
pendicular and diagonal parts of which the motion consists have not only
the property to maintain both a vertically and diagonally relative position,
whether they are in motion or in a quiescent state, but have also the
principle of equiformity between them, so that while the number of
indices may be increased ab libitum, the distance between the centres of
every two of them will be still one equal and alike, whether the space
that intervenes between them be made more or less, as the occasion may
require. The horizontal grooves in the case, and the projecting ends of
the pins of the vertical indices are essential elements of the motion. One
of the two slots cut or formed in each one of the perpendicular indices,
and the pin fixed towards its centre, working in the groove formed in
the case, may be dispensed with for some purposes, having the upper end
of every perpendicular index of the motion to work on the front end of
the pin that connects the same ends of its two corresponding diagonal
ribs or slanting part, without any slot being cut or formed in it towards
its top end, but with one slot cut or formed in it towards its opposite or
under end. The arrangement to work the motion by this modification
requires, however, that it should be attached to the diagonals in the same
line as that of the top pins, in place of being in their centre as in the
first instance.
n
The fulcrum of the cam lever being adjustable admits either of its arms
being lengthened or shortened, so that the movement of the movement of
the travelling bar can be adjusted to any nicety that may be required. A
slotted bar on a similar principle of action and of nearly the same form of
construction as the one that has been described is placed edgeways on
projecting bearings cast on the exterior ends of the front and back side
brackets on the left hand side of the machine, and fastened at both ends
to the front and back brackets. This split bar has also a similar fine.

page_text: thread screw placed in it, and has a boss formed on its front end and a
handle fixed on it, and on its opposite end a collar with a set screw is
mounted. This screw passes through a similar tapped nut, forming an
adjustable fulcrum, and a sliding box that moves to and fro on the
slotted bar, in which way the handle of the screw may be turned. Two
similar studs are also formed or fixed at right angles on or in this
fulcrum sliding box. On the inside end of the stud to the right a slide
with a suitable washer and a nut is mounted, and the outside of the
sliding box, with a cap and a countersunk formed on it, supplies the
place of a slide in the slot to the opposite side stud. On this adjustable
fulcrum stud a slotted lever, with a slide having a cap and a countersunk
formed on it, is mounted and secured by a nut. The back end of this
side lever is jointed to a perpendicular connecting rod, which slides up
and down through two suitable guides cast on the end of the bracket,
and-which has a pin or stud fixed in its upper end at right angles to it
on which a small friction roller may be placed. This pin, stud, or roller
revolves in a groove cut or otherwise formed on the face of the cam
keyed on the end of the front cross shaft, that works on bearings in the
two side frames of the machine. The whole of the groove of this cam,
with the exception of a small portion which may be struck centrically or
tangentially, is a perfect circle, and remains therefore in a quiescent
state during that part of its revolution, but has a sudden intermittent
effect alike to depress and elevate the perpendicular connecting rod of
the lever in its course at the cam point, and causes the lever to vibrate
or oscillate on its adjustable fulcrum, either of the arms of which being
prolonged or contracted by the screw to determine the partial rotation of
the roller, and conveys an intermittent motion to the front top roller
hereafter to be described. The front end of this lever is jointed to
the lower end of a connecting rod, which has its top end jointed
to a latitudinal lever working loosely on the fulcrum, forming a part
of the small upright bracket placed and fastened on the projection
of the front left hand side bracket of the machine. On this fulcrum a
small ratchet with a proportional pinion cast on the face of it or other-
wise set is mounted, and revolves partially on its spindle in concert with
the pinion. This pinion gears into a spur wheel key on the axis of
the front top roller, which has its bearings in two curvilinear brackets
placed at right angles on the two front side brackets, and fastened in
line with their exterior ends.

page_text: The journals of the front top roller are in line and at right angles with
those of a similar roller of an equal diameter and circumference. This
roller is placed immediately under and contiguous to the top one on
adjustable bearings, so that it can be regulated to any point of contact
that may be required.
On the pin or stud of the front end of the top cross lever of the ratchet
and of the top end of its connecting rod, a series of self-acting gearing or
balancing catches are set, and a like series of self-acting gearing and
balancing points are also set on a pin or stud that projects from and
forms the summit of the small front bracket that has been delineated.
These points and catches, which are so formed as not to need the rise of
any spring, are all of such different lengths that any one of the teeth of
the ratchet is equally divided by their points, the effect being precisely
the same as if the ratchet wheel tooth had been reduced to any equal
corresponding fraction of its pitch.
·
Each of the two side frames of the machine has two small brackets
cast on its inside towards its top end at right angles and in direct line
with each of its corresponding and opposite brackets. Two small
brackets are also cast on each of the two side frames of the machine
towards its back at right angles and in direct line with its corresponding
opposite bracket. On these bracketings two guides on nearly a similar
principle and of an approximate construction as an ordinary loom reed
are mounted and firmly secured. A number of punching levers of an
oblong form with a similar and equal nick cut in each at its back end,
and with an approximate conical shape of a bandle in front, having on
its top edge an incision of an oval cut formed in each lever adjacent to
the back end of the handle, and three small projections with spherical
points on the opposite side or under edge of each lever, are placed in the
guides that have been described, and slide to and fro between the guides
as will be subsequently explained.
A prominent bearings of hemispherical form is cast on each inside
frame of the machine in front and above the handles of the punching
lever. In these bearings the rod on which the keys are ranged is placed
so that it may be removed or replaced without deranging the consecutive
or disposition of the keys. These keys, with these washers formed on
them or made separate and put between them as they are placed on the
rod, are set in three rows on it in front of the machine. The position of

page_text: the first row from the part of the machine in a step lower than that of
the second, and that also of the second row is likewise a step lower than
the position of the third row, for as each of the two rows recedes from
the back to the front, so it becomes less in altitude.
Each of the pattern keys has a head formed on it for the fingers, and
is numbered consecutively, whilst the lace and stud keys, which have
also similar heads formed in them for the fingers, are differently distin-
guished, for the lace ones are marked with the letter L and the stud
ones with the letter S. The vertical ends of the keys have bearings in
the oval cuts formed in the latitudinal edges of the punching levers,
which slide easily backwards and forwards on their bearings between the
vertical reeds of the two guide frames as the heads of the keys are but
slightly touched by the pressure of the fingers in front of the machine
either to depress or to raise them to their normal state. The keys are
held in their position on the rod by two fastening collars and two set
screws, and two tapered. keys are set on the rod, one next to each collar,
and connected by a small horizontal bar and two set screws at their vertical
low ends. Each alternate punching lever has a projection formed on it
opposite the oval cut in which the vertical end of the key works, and all
the lace and stud punches. All these levers are selected and pushed in an
instant by a slight pressure of the fingers on the heads of the tapered
keys:
Four perforated plates are longitudinally placed between the two main
side frames of the machine, and are respectively designated the die, the
card, the stock, and the punching plates. Two projecting bearings are
externally cast on each side of the two frames at right angles and in
direct line opposite to each other adjacent to the front of the machine.
Two of these bearings or brackets are in line with the top of the frames,
and the ends of the dic plate rest on them and on the brackets. The
card plate is directly mounted below the die, and its length is as 'much
less than that of the die as the thickness of the frames and the length of
the brackets are in excess of it. The stock plate is immediately placed
below the card plate, and extends in length from side to side of the
frames, with its ends resting on the under bracket, and filling up by
their insertion the corresponding space that intervenes between the two
brackets on each side of the frames. The punching plate is rectilineally
mounted below the stock plate, and secured on two studs or pin, and
their construction, position, and mode of application will be explained in

page_text: course. The two brackets on each side of the machine have a hole
drilled in their centres, and the die and stock plates which rest on them
have a corresponding hole drilled in their ends, and a bolt with a coun-
tersunk head in the surface of the die at each end enters these holes,
which are all in a line and which are fastened each with a nut at its
lower end, and thus the two plates are firmly held in their position.
Each of the four plates has two stud or pin holes drilled in its centre
towards its ends, and the cards and punching plates are recprocally
elevated and depressed on these two studs or pins by the action of the
treadle and the two side levers (these will be described hereafter), so that
whilst the die and stock plates have a firm and permanent position the
cards and punching plates have an ascending and descending action on
the two perpendicular studs. These studs or pins have their position at
the centre of the plates; and work up and down at right angles to one
another in them. The lower end of each stud or pin has a shoulder
formed on it for a nut, and between it and the next shoulder formed on
the stud the end of the punching plate is placed and held by the nut.
The third part or form of the stud that works in the stock plate is the
greatest portion of the pin in diameter. The fourth division of the stud,
which the card plate occupies, is less in diameter in two parts of its
division than the last or third part of the stud. The diameter of the stud
hole in this plate is less at the top than at the other end, so as to have a
shoulder formed on it to fit a similar hole drilled in the plate, and so as
to have the plate firmly fixed on the stud by a nut. The sixth and last
division of the stud is the least in diameter, and serves as a guide to
enter into the die and to keep the working of the card plate parallel and
perpendicular to it.
Although each one of the four perforated plates has but one row of
vertical holes for pattern lace and stud drilled or formed in it, yet the
same result is exactly arrived at and obtained as if each plate had
actually drilled in it six hundred and twelve perforations, the requisite
number for what is technically called termed six hundred cords, exclusive
of the lace and stud holes. All the verticalholes that are drilled in one
plate must coincide exactly in every respect with all their respectively
and relatively corresponding vertical holes that are drilled or formed in
each of the other three plates.
The punching plate has a longitudinal row of holes drill edor formed in
it so that all the vertical holes that are also drilled in it are intersected

page_text: in their centre by the latitudinal one, the diameter of the former being
less than that of the latter. The punches have each of them a perpen-
dicular slot cut or formed in them towards their lower ends, and are held
in the plate by the latitudinal pins which are inserted in slots of the
punches with bearings in each side of the plate.
These pins have a
small plate fitted with a groove or formed on each longitudinal side of the
punching plate, and secured at each end by a set screw, so that the pins
are maintained in their respective slots of the punches which work up
and down in the plate, having always their lower ends resting on the
top edges of their respective levers. Two small brackets, one at each
end of the punching plate with a square top flange to each at their top
ends, and with an approximate shape of an oval at their opposite or
lower ends, are firmly fastened under the surface of the punching plate
at each end and in line with it. In this end of the bracket, the lower,
a small tapered cam is struck, formed or cut in which a well fitted stud-
with a suitable head or shoulder is mounted, and in which the vertical
end of a rocking lever, working on a fulcrum fixed longitudinally in the
side frame, oscillates, whilst the latitudinal arm extending towards the
front of the machine is jointed to the top end of a diagonal or a slanting
connecting rod which has its lower or opposite end placed on a stud
fixed in the outside of the treadle foot.
A perpendicular rod with a slot in it at its lower end, placed on a stud
in the treadle and jointed in like manner as the one described, will also
work the lever. The treadle is mounted on a cross shaft that oscillates
on bearings in the two main frames of the machine, with a collar
and a set screw towards each end close to the inside frame to keep it
from shifting and in one uniform position. On this shaft the two sides
of the treadle which have their tapered ends connected by a square
bar are keyed at an equal distance from each of the two side
frames, having their front ends connected by a foot plate and their back
ends by a cross shaft, on which a weighing or a balancing box with a lid
to it is mounted, having bearings at the centre of the shaft and secured
on it with a set screw and one at each end of the shaft loose.
Two small brackets having each horizontal projections formed in it
are firmly fixed vertically to the frame, one on each side.
The pro-
jections form suitable guides for two perpendicular punching side levers
that slide up and down through them, which have their lower ends
mounted on the treadle shaft towards the ends, having their opposite

page_text: ends connected by a horizontal punching plate. The trigger shaft which
works in bearings in the two side frames in line with the treadle shaft
has the trigger keyed in its centre, and the two levers which are also
keyed on it, one at each end thereof; have their opposite ends connected
by the cross bar, which coming in coalition with the projecting points of
the side punching levers impels such of the levers as have been pressed
to slide back by the manipulations of the keys,. also to slide forward on.
their bearings to their normal position.
The weights of the side punching levers which follow the course of
the levers in their rise and fall, and make their sudden descent silent,
are mounted on the cross shaft, which has bearings on the side frames 'in
direct line with that of the trigger to the back of the machine.
Having thus treated and explained the front and rear parts of the
machine, those that still remain to be illustrated towards its front and
back remain to be adverted to in their order. The front cross shaft
which has already been referred to as having a cam keyed at each end
outside the frame has also inside the frame a pulley keyed on it adjacent
to the frame on the left hand, and a groove in its circumference is
formed or cut in which a small segment of an equal circle with an
adjustable screw is inserted, and serves as a check to steady the shaft
and prevent any back lash. A loose collar is mounted on the shaft close
to the frame on the right hand in order that the disengaging disc which
has a corresponding vertical slot to the diameter of the shaft joined or
cast in it, and through which it has a sudden rise and fall, be precisely
in a line with a similarly slotted disengaging disc that acts in concert
with it on the back cross shaft contiguous to this disc, a ratchet with a
boss of sufficient length as to form a bearing to an angular cam, and a
collar furnished with a set screw to retain the cam in its place on the
boss, is keyed to the shaft. This cam which acts loosely on the boss of
the ratchet has a stud fixed in its end or angle adjacent to the ratchet,
on which a catch is mounted which gears into each successive tooth of
the ratchet below its centre on the shaft in front, whilst at the same
time the paul working on the stud secured on the side frame gears also
into cach successive tooth of the ratchet on the opposite side above its
centre on the shaft at the back. The points of the catch and pawl have
each a pin fixed in it, and they are equally affected by the alternate
action of the disc, and are put out and let into gear in an instant at the
same time. They are so formed as to dispense with the use or applica-

page_text: tion of any spring having the property of self-gearing in themselves.
The lower end or angle of the cam is jointed to the end of a perpen-
dicular lever which has its opposite or lower end jointed also to the
front end of a side cross rod, which has its opposite end jointed likewise
to the top of a similar lever, which has also its opposite or lower end
jointed to the under end or angle of a similar cam of an equal form
keyed on the back cross shaft revolving on bearings on the two side
frames of the machine in perfect unison with the action of the front
shaft. This cam has also a stud fitted in its top end or angle adjacent to
the ratchet, on which a catch is mounted gearing into each successive
tooth of the ratchet below its centre on the shaft at the back, whilst the
pawl that acts on a stud secured in the side frame gears also into each
successive tooth of the ratchet on its opposite side above its centre on
the shaft to the front. The points of the catch and paul have a pin
identically the same as the two in front, and are affected similarly by
the action of the disc, although the shafts revolve in a contrary
direction.
The elucidation and disposition of the parts that are mounted on
the back cam shaft are as follows:-An adjustable collar having a neck
formed on it, and a small bevilled stud fixed on its surface is mounted
on the shaft close to the side frame, and in line with the loose collar set
on the cam shaft in front, and a self-acting disengaging cam which is
placed loosely on the neck of the collar, comes at a certain point of the
revolution of the shaft, as the collar may bé set and fixed on it, in
contact with a similar stud fixed on the surface of the disengaging disc
above its vertical slot and in line with its centre, and causes the catches
and pauls of the front and back ratchets to be released simultaneously,
and temporarily kept so by the stud of the disengaging disc resting on
the summit point of the cam during the sudden reversion of the shaft
by the return of the weight falling suddenly but rising gradually in a
covered case attached to the side frame. A pulley with a cord fixed in
its groove and fastened to the weight is keyed on the shaft, and a small
friction roller set on a spindle fixed in or cast on the side frame having
its end within and near the top of the weight case, supports the cord as
wound and unwound by the pulley, and facilitates the action of the
weight at the same time. The disengaging disc is placed contiguous to
the self-acting cam on the shaft, and their combined actions have been
already described together.

page_text: The ratchet which has also been partly referred to, and which has a
similar boss to the front ratchet formed on it, is keyed close to the
disengaging disc on the shaft. And the angular cam which has likewise
been partially defined is not only next to the ratchet but has also its
bearing on which it works loosely on the boss of that wheel, and retained
on it by a collar and a set screw similar in every respect to the front
cam. Two bell crank levers are mounted on their respective studs as
spindles secured in the side frames and in line with one another. The
front lever having its arm jointed to the lower end of the front
disengaging disc, and its descending arm jointed also to the side length
of the releasing handle of the catches and pauls of the two ratchets,
whilst the rear cránk lever has its front side arm jointed to the top of
the disengaging disc; its descending arm is jointed likewise to the back
end of the length or foot of the front disengaging.handle.
The perpendicular lever acting on a stud fixed to the side treadle on
the right and sliding up and down through suitable guides secured in
the side frame forms a component part of the horizontal side rod joining
the lower end of the angular cam lever in front, and also by joining
its opposite point the upper end of the angular cam lever at the back
as have been premised.
The card plate has a cut or a groove formed in it at each end at
right angles; and a frame consisting of two equal sides and of a bearing
for a rack in its centre slides to and fro in the grooves of the plate by
means of a rack and a pinion. And to guide and support them the
frame and rack in their gradual course to the back but in their sudden
return to the front, the two side frames of the machine have each two
small jutting brackets between the back of the plates and the front
of the back cam shaft on which a small guiding frame is laid and
fastened parallel to the plates and to the shaft. The two sides of the
guiding frame subserve as bearings to the card frame, whilst its centre
part serves also as a support and a guide to the rack which has a hole
drilled and a pin set in it, a corresponding slot in diameter formed or
cut in the centre part of the guiding frame towards its front end, and
works in the slot to and fro with a paper washer and a pin retaining
it in place the slot. The rack has a double row of teeth, the one
being a tooth in advance of the other to prevent any back lash, and its
back end gears into a small pinion cut on the shaft, or otherwise
formed and placed, having a small friction roller on its top fastened

page_text: to the back guide frame of the levers, but may have bearings on two
small brackets cast on cach side of the frames, whilst its front end
works on a pin set in a vertical slot cut or formed in a small bracket
attached to the back of the card frame at its centre. The front and
back ends of the card frame have each of them a horizontal slot with
a countersunk formed in its under side, so as to admit the head of a
vertical pin set in it and level with its surface whilst its top end with
the thread on it enters from the under surface of the slot frame into an
adjustable longitudinal slot formed in a small bracket placed on the top
surface of the frame, and having a horizontal side and a small plate
placed on it working in a hinge with a small spring. This arrangement
holds the card or its substitute in a proper position when it is being
perforated, and permits the brackets to be regulated according to the
length and breadth of the materials on hand.
In line with the top surfaces of the side frames two horizontal brackets
with cranked bearings are fastened to and mounted one on each exterior
side of the machine, and two similar uprights with interior cranked
horizontal bearings at their lower ends are vertically erected on the
exterior ends of the said brackets, one upright at the extremity of each
bracket, which at its upper end has a longitudinal projection and an
oblong cavity formed in it in which a small screw turns on bearings
and passes through a tapped nut which serves as a journal at its top end
for the axis of a roller to revolve in, with its opposite axis in a similar
bearing on the other side of the machine, and has an adjustable fulcrum
to slide backward and forward on the rims of one of the aforesaid hori-
zontal projections, so that the endless band on which the pattern is
placed by stitching can be expeditiously tightened to any degree of
exactness that the operations may require, since the exterior side of
each of the two horizontal projections has a similar graduated scale
marked on it.
As a modification of the preceding and afore-mentioned reading in
and punching machines, I sometimes substitute another form of
punching levers, reverse the position of the puncher and that of the
rack, reduce the number of the perforating plates, supersede the side
punching levers, their guides, and connecting plates, dispense with the
trigger and all its appendages, and with the application of the keys
separate, and entirely with the rod on which they are set. In this
simplification of the machine the front ends of the punching bars

page_text: placed in a suitable guide secured in the two main side frames of the
machine, as formerly, but their opposite ends are mounted at the back
on a fulcrum, a cross shaft, which has bearings in the side frames
of the machine. The levers have the keys formed on their front top
ends, and have each a descending vertical projection with a horizontal
crank at right angles to it. Two similar studs are secured in two
similar brackets attached to the two main side frames of the machine
in front, and have each of them a similar eccentrical cam mounted
loosely upon it. Two side vertical levers with slots at their lower ends
work on two studs fixed in the sides of treadle, and slide up and
down through guides cast on the side frames, and are connected at
their upper ends to the aforesaid cam by two links, one for each
lever and for each eccentric. In these cams towards their points a
horizontal bar is fixed; and acts as a presser on the cranks of such
levers as have been depressed by the finger keys, and are retained
in their down position by the horizontal arms of the small cranked
pendulous levers which work loosely on a horizontal fulcrum or bearing
in the brackets. The arms of these small levers by the depression
of such keys as have been read in surmount the horizontal studs
of the descending vertical projections of the punching levers, and
the keys of such levers. are therefore held down until they are either
released by a touch of the fingers if necessary, or by the upward action
of the treadle, when they all regain and resume their normal position.
The side levers and the cams are connected by the links, and the pressure
of the foot on the treadle board brings forward of course the horizontal
bar fixed in the cams, and grasping or taking hold of the cranks of the
depressed levers which are in line and come in direct contact with the
heads of their respective punches produces or causes corresponding
orifices or perforations in the cards or their substitutes.
The punches are retained in the upper plate precisely on the same
principle as they are held in their lower are in the first machine, and their
effects in their reversed position are exactly similar to those in their
unaltered state.
In place of four plates three only are used, and are respectively
denominated the stock, the relieving, and card punching plates. The
stock plate is the top one, and contains the punches, and has a per-
manent position between the two main side frames of the machine and
secured on two brackets cast on each interior side of the frames. The

page_text: relieving plate is the centre one, and has two spiral springs, one on
each of its two guide studs or pins, and the stock plate into which the
pins enter, and in which they work up and down, has a recess formed
in its under surface in each of the pin holes to receive the springs in
their compressed form, and the relieving plate by the force of their
expansion is repulsed to its normal position when relieved from the
pressure of the punching plate. The under plate is the punching one
and has two grooves cut or formed on its surface, one at each end and
at right angles, and the card frame slides backwards and forward in
them by the action of the rack and pinion. This plate has bearings one
at each end cast on each interior side of the frames, and works up and
down on the two guide studs or pins secured in the side brackets of the
frames of the machine, and the centre plate works also in these studs
or pins up and down, and their top ends have corresponding holes
drilled in the top stock plate in which they ascend and descend, and have
always partial bearings in them so as to maintain the perforations
drilled in the relieving and punching plates parallel and perpendicular
to their corresponding holes in the stock plate. The rack in this case
being placed under the pinion the friction roller is dispensed with, the
punching plate by means of the oblong brackets, the tapered cams, and
the side levers is raised and lowered by the treadles.
A combination of rollers connects the front cross cam ratchet shaft
with the back cross cam ratchet shaft of the machine in place of the
perpendicular lever acting on a stud fixed in the side treadle, as shown
in the first machine.'
The remaining part of this modification with respect to its other
motions and appliances are identically the same and exactly similar to
those that have already been defined as component parts of the first
machine, and a recapitulation of their description again would be
unnecessary, as a reference to the first machine supplies all the
information and explanation that are requisite respecting them.
As a further modification of the first machine, instead of the perforated
plates being placed and used. horizontally as in both the aforesaid.
machine and modification, I place the three plates not longitudinally as
used in them but latitudinally between the two main side frames of
the machine. The punching levers in this simplification consist of
four rows, and each row of fifteen finger keys or levers, and each tier.

page_text: or row works on a separate fulcrum a cross bar in bearings in the two
side frames; and all the four fulcrums have their centres in the same
perpendicular line.
All the levers are similarly formed, but they are not all of equal
length, for they diminish as they approach the centre line of their
fulcrum more at the back than they extend in length in front. The
length of the arms of the punching levers of the top row to the centre
of their fulcrum to the back is longer than that of the second row,
whereas, on the contrary, the length of the arms of the top row levers
from the centre of their fulcrum to the front is shorter than that of the
second. And as to the remaining other two rows it suffices to state
that the dimensions of the third row have the same ratio to those of the
fourth row as the dimensions of the first row have to the second one.
I
The front ends of the four tiers of the punching levers have each of
them a similar shoulder formed on it or them for the finger key or keys,
and also for the purpose of the horizontal front rod or rods to accomplish
or effect the perforations in the materials that may be used in con-
junction with the action of the treadle, and in the manner that the
annexed mode describes. Four studs are fixed in each side of the two
interior sides of the two brackets of the machine in front, and on these
studs four volute cams are mounted on each interior side of the front
brackets, and each cam works loosely on the end of each stud, and the
end of a horizontal rod is fixed in each case towards its point; and the
two side levers, which work at their lower ends on two studs fixed in the
exterior sides of the treadle, one on each side thereof, and which slide
up and down through two guides in the main side frames of the
machine are connected at their upper ends to the aforesaid cams by
four links, one for each lever on each side of the machine, so that when
the treadle board is pressed down by the foot the four horizontal rods
take hold of these key and levers that have been depressed by the fingers,
and are held in their down position by means of the mechanical
contrivances that will be subsequently described, and the horizontal
parts of the levers bearing directly on the respective heads of their
corresponding punches effect the perforations in the card or its sub-
stitute. Each lever has a descending vertical projection at its back end,
and a stud fixed in the exterior side of the projection. The horizontal
arm of a bell-crank lever, which works on a fulcrum secured in its side
frames acts as a check to retain the front end of the lever in a lower.

page_text: position when depressed by the fingers till either released by the touch of
the finger again in a contrary direction, or by a pressure of the foot on the
treadle board. The other descending vertical arm of the lever has a small
weight formed on its end, and oscillating as a pendulum on its fulcrum
acts as a counterbalance to its horizontal arm, so that while the back
end of the lever, which has also a weight formed on it, is kept from
falling to its normal position its front end is also at the same time kept
from rising to its original state till the punching takes place.
The punches, as applicable to each row of the levers, are of different
lengths; for the length of the second row of punches is as much
less than that of the first as the breadth of the second row of levers, and
the space between the first and second rows are in contrast; and the
same principle of measure determines the length of the third row of
punches, and so also the length of the fourth row of punches is equal to
the distance between the under edges of the last row of punching levers,
and the lowered position of the ends of the punches in the centre plate,
for the lower ends of the punches are all in the same plane, since they
are suspended by their gravity or the horizontal pins inserted in their
vertical slots when they are not acted on, and are in a quiescent state.
The second, the third, and the fourth rows of levers have all similar
cranks cut or formed in them to correspond with the diameter of the
punches, and to guide and support not only the upper ends of the first
row of punches in a perpendicular line with their levers, the top row,
but also to afford room or space for them at their lower ends, so as to be
in a direct line with their corresponding holes in the plates, and also so
as not to interfere in their course with any of the under punching levers.
The second row of punches has also similar cranks cut or formed in the
third and fourth rows of levers for the like purpose, and so the third row
of levers has likewise similar cranks cut or formed in the fourth row of
levers also for the like purpose. The rack in this case may be placed
above or under the pinion.
As all the other parts that belong to this simplification are fully set
forth and explained in the first machine their character and actions are
not described here, as it would only be a repetition of what has already
been done.

page_text: such as warping, beaming, and yarn dressing machines or apparatus,
and to the copping motion of the self-acting mules. It is also applicable
for ruling paper, and for drawing, tracing, and describing graduated
scales.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Duncan Mackenzie in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DUNCAN
MACKENZIE, of Pakenham Street, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Duncan Mackenzie, Her special licence
that I, the said Duncan Mackenzie, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Duncan Mackenzie, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM
OR APPARATUS CONSTITUTING A SELF-ACTING READER FOR THE JACQUARD, TO
INDICATE AND SELECT THE CORDS OF THE PATTERNS, AND TO TRANSFER AND PER-
FORATE THEM OR ANY SUITABLE MATERIAL, AND PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO
OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Duncan Mackenzie, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Duncan Mackenzie, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings here-
unto annexed, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to and consists of improvements in machinery
and apparatus which constitute a self-acting reader for the jacquard,
and supply the great deficiency which has been felt and complained of,
and which has retarded the full scope and employment of that important
loom since it has been introduced. The Invention dispenses entirely
with skilled labour, and expedites the operations and lessens the expenses
of their production by placing them on an unerring principle of sim-
plicity and precision and within the control of juvenile hands, for they
are divested of their intricacies and rendered intelligible to all.
The great advantages of the Invention are seen at a glance from the
expeditious and accurate manner in which those important and essential
operations which are the province of the reader to perform are manipu-
lated, and on which the essence of the jacquard solely depends, inasmuch
as the operations of the former necessarily contribute and reciprocally
unite with those of the latter to produce the design as woven in the
cloth. Therefore the reader is an indispensable auxiliary to the jacquard
since it can have no effect without the accompaniment of the operations
of the reader. And the utility and efficiency of the self-acting reader
for an object of so much interest and importance are displayed in the
celerity and exactness in which the most variegated and complicated
patterns are read in, transferred to, and perforated on any suitable
materials, as cards, papers, or their substitutes, from the most delicate
lace or ribbon to the stoutest carpet or tapestry.
The self-acting reader is admirably calculated to facilitate and increase
the superior productions of the jacquard, and to enlarge and extend the
expansive fields which are still unoccupied, and presented for its
beautiful and excellent productions, and which those of no other existing
loom can equal or surpass.
I now proceed to explain my Invention more fully and state that
reference must be had to the following description of the machine and
to the accompanying Drawings. Different views of the machine, with
some of the details, are shown in Sheets 1, 2, and 3. Figure 1 is a front
elevation of the machine, and Figure 2 is a general plan thereof, as
shown on Sheet 1. Figure 3 is a left hand side elevation, and Figure 4

page_text: is a right hand side elevation, as shown on Sheet 2. Figure 5 is a
longitudinal vertical section when at rest, and Figure 6 is also a longi-
tudinal vertical section when in motion. Figure 7 is a detail cam.
Figure 8 is a card punch. Figure 9 is a guide pin to card plates, and
Figure 10 is a spring stud on peg for the cylinder of the jacquard as
shown on Sheet 3 of the Drawings.
The construction of the machine consists of two main side frames A, A,
erected parallel to one another, and connected by three equal bars a", a", a",
as stretchers, and two perforated plates W. Two similar brackets B, B,
of equal dimensions are firmly attached to the right hand side frame,
and parallel to each other on to similar projecting bearings, cast exter-
nally on the side frame. And to side brackets B, B, of equal length
and of like form are similarly attached to the left hand side frame, and
placed parallel to each other on two similar projecting bearings cast exter-
nally on that side frame of the machine. Two of these brackets, one
on the right and the other on the left, are in line with the front of the
machine, and each of them has its opposite similar bracket placed at an
equal distance from it. Each of the two brackets on the right hand has
a similar cavity C formed in it to receive a slotted bar, which has an
interior rim on its top surface. This bar is fastened at both ends to the
brackets, and a screw D with a fine thread is placed in it. In front it
has a handle, and a boss formed on it, and a collar with a set screw at
the back to hold it in its bearings in the brackets. This screw passes
through a tapped nut, which forms an adjustable fulcrum K and a sliding
box a³, and moves backwards and forwards on the slotted bar according
to the direction in which the handle fixed on the front end of the
screw D may be turned. Two studs are formed or fixed at right angles
in this adjustable fulcrum and sliding box. On the end of the under
stud a slide with a proper washer and a nut is mounted, while the upper
part of the sliding box, having a countersunk formed on it serves as a
slide to the top stud. A slotted lever L with a top countersunk is
mounted on the upper end of the stud fixed on the sliding box, and
secured in its position by a nut. The back end of this lever has a
perpendicular pin or stud fixed on it, and a small friction roller is
mounted on each of its ends. The top end of the stud, with the friction
roller fits into a helical groove C³ formed in the cam F, keyed on the
front cross shaft G that revolves on bearings on the two side frames of
the machine; whilst the lower end of the stud, with the friction roller

page_text: travels in a slot B, either formed in the bracket or movable and secured
on its surface. The front end of this cam lever, which has a small
slot c³ formed on it, acts on the lever end of the perpendicular stud b³,
which has a collar or shoulder formed on it suitable for bearings for the
5 lever to work on. The upper end of this vertical stud e³ is fixed or
secured in the horizontal bar F, which has bearings in corresponding
slots cut or formed in the two curvilinear brackets E' mounted on and
fastened in line with the exterior ends of the two front brackets which
have already been described. This horizontal bar has three slots E³ cut
or formed in it, one in the centre and one at each end, to adjust and
fasten in them the case of pointers that will be presently explained.
A series of indices I of such a construction and combination of parts
as constitute a compound parallel, and an adjustable proportional motion
susceptible of an instantaneous expansion or contraction, and of a
simultaneous regulation and adjustment to any decimal measure or
fractional part of an inch, or to any degree of graduation that the
operation may possibly require, are mounted in a suitable case in front
of the machines, and by a single action or pull of the handle all the
vertical and diagonal component parts of the motion are equally and
proportionately affected.
The case containing the indices consists of two horizontal sides, which
have an interior groove formed in each of them; the two sides are
parallel to one another, and each of the vertical indices has a pin fixed
in its centre, and its opposite end enters the groove of the front side of
the case to maintain a uniformly and invariably vertical and horizontal
position in the case or frame when once set. The under part of the case
has three bits fixed in it, one in the centre and one at each end, with a
shoulder and a thread formed on it so as to fit the slots of the horizontal
bar that has been previously explained; on this bar the case is mounted
containing the mechanism of the motion of the indices, which traverse
intermittently opposite the front rollers z, a, by the action of the cam
on the lever. In connection with this motion it is proper to add that
each one of the perpendicular indices has two slots cut or formed in it,
one towards each end thereof, and the front projecting ends of the two
horizontal pins which connect the two ends of their corresponding
diagonal or slanting ribs of each pointer, work in the slots at any rate of
speed that the mechanism of the motion may be affected by any suitable
everage or gearing of the wheels; and all the perpendicular and.
"

page_text: diagonal parts of the motion have not only the property to maintain
both a vertical and diagonally relative position, whether in motion or in
a quiescent state, but have also the principle of equiformity between
them, so that while the number of indices may be increased ad libitum
the distance between the centres of every two of them will be still all
equal and alike, whether the space that intervenes between them be
either enlarged or diminished as the occasion may require. The
horizontal grooves in the case, and the projecting ends of the pins of the
vertical indices, and the two slots cut or formed in each index, one
towards each end thereof, are essential elements of the motion; one of
the two slots cut or formed in each one of the perpendicular indices,
and the pin fixed towards its centre working in the groove formed in
the case may be dispensed with for some purposes to which the motion,
being a combination of mechanism of a new construction in its effects,
may be applied and used for, by having the upper end of every per-
pendicular index of the motion to work on the front end of the pin that
connects the ends of the two diagonal ribs or slanting parts without any
slot being cut or formed in it towards its top end, but with one slot cut
or formed in it towards its opposite or under end; this modification of the
motion requires however that the leverage be attached to the diagonals
and in line with the connecting pins in place of being in the centre as in
the first instance.
The fulcrum K of the cam lever L being adjustable admits of either
of its arms being lengthened or shortened, so that the movement of the
travelling bar with the indices can be adjusted to any nicety that may
be required; a slotted bar M on a similar principle of action, and of
nearly the same form of construction as the one that has been described.
is placed edgeways on projecting bearings cast on the exterior ends of
the front and back side brackets on the left-hand side of the machine
and fastened at both ends to the front and back brackets; this spli
bar M has also a similar fine thread screw N placed in it, and has a
boss formed on its front end, and a handle fixed on it, and on its opposit
end a collar with a set screw is mounted; this screw passes through a
similar tapped nut O, forming an adjustable fulcrum and a sliding box F
that moves to and fro on the slotted bar, in which way the handle of th
screw may be turned. Two similar studs are also formed or fixed a
right angles on or in this fulcrum sliding box. On the inside of th
stud to the right a slide with a suitable washer and a nut is mounted

page_text: and the outside of the sliding box with a cup and a countersunk formed
on it supplies the place of a slide in the slot to the opposite side stud.
On this adjustable fulcrum stud a slotted lever M³, with a slide which
has a cap and a countersunk formed on it, is mounted and secured by a
nut; the back end of this side lever M' is jointed to the perpendicular
connecting rod P, which slides up and down through two suitable
guides Qcast on the end of the brackets, which has the pin or stud R
fixed in it in its upper end at right angles to it, on which a small friction
roller is placed; this pin or stud with the roller revolves in the groove R
cut or formed on the face of the cam S keyed on the end of the front
cross shaft G working on bearing in the side frames of the machine; the
whole of the groove of this cam, with the exception of a small portion.
which may be struck centrically or tangentially, is a perfect circle, and
remains therefore in a quiescent state during that part of its revolution,
but has a sudden intermittent effect alike to depress and to elevate the
perpendicular connecting rod P of the lever in its course at the cam
point, and causes the lever M* to vibrate or oscillate on its adjustable
fulcrum, either of the arms of which being prolonged or contracted by
the screw to determine the partial rotation of the roller, and conveys an
intermittent motion to the front roller (hereafter to be described) through
the combination of the parts that connects the opposite end of the
lever M². The front end of this lever is jointed to the lower end of the
connecting rod T, which has its top end jointed to the latitudinal lever U,
working loosely on the fulcrum of the ratchet W; this ratchet with
the proportional pinion X cast on the face of it, or otherwise set, is
mounted on its fulcrum, having bearings in the curvilineal bracket, and
revolves partially on its spindle in concert with the pinion; this pinion
gears into the spur wheel Y, keyed on the axis of the front top roller,
which has bearings in the two curvilineal brackets E', placed at
right angles on the two front side brackets, and fastened in line with
their exterior ends. The journals of the front top. roller z are in line and
at right angles with those of a similar roller of equal dimensions; this
roller a is placed immediately under and contiguous to the top one z on
adjustable bearings, so that it can be regulated to any point of contact
that man ha sosninod

page_text: pauls c are also set on the pin or stud secured in the upright projection
of the curvilinear side bracket. These pauls and catches are all of such
different lengths that any one of the teeth of the ratchet is equally
divided by their points, the effect being precisely the same as if the
ratchet wheel teeth had been reduced to any equal corresponding
fraction of its pitch. Each of the two side frames of the machine in
front has two small brackets b, cast on its inside towards its top and
at right angles, and in direct line with each of its corresponding and
opposite bracket. Two small brackets b, are also cast on cach of the
two side frames of the machine towards its back at right angles, and in
line with their corresponding and opposite brackets. On these bracketings
two guides ff, on nearly a similar principle, and of an approximate
construction as an ordinary loom reed, are mounted and firmly secured.
A number of punching levers g, of an oblong form, with a similar
and an equal nick h in each, at its back end and with an approximate
conical shape of a handle i in front, having on its top edge an incision
of an oval cut j, formed or cast on each lever adjacent to the back end
of the handle, and three small projections k with spherical points on
the opposite side or under edge of each lever, are placed in the guides
that have been described, and slide to and fro between the guides, as
will be subsequently explained.
A prominent bearing of hemispherical form is cast on cach inside
frame of the machine in front and above the handles of the punching
levers. In these bearings the rod m on which the keys are ranged is
placed that it may be removed or replaced without deranging the
consecutive order or disposition of the keys. These keys n with their
washers formed on them or made separate, and put between them as
they are placed on the rod, are set in three rows on it in front of the
machine. The position of the first row from the front of the machine is
a step lower than that of the second, and that of the second row is also a
step lower than the position of the third row, for as each of the two rows
Each
recedes from the back to the front, so it becomes less in altitude.
of the pattern keys n has a head formed on it for the fingers, and the
three rows are numbered consecutively, whilst the lace and stud keys
which have also similar heads formed on them for the fingers and
differently distinguished, for the lace ones are marked with the letter L,
and the studs with that of S; the vertical ends of the keys have
bearings in the oval cuts į formed in the latitudinal edges of the

page_text: punching levers which slide easily backwards and forwards between the
vertical reeds 8 of the two guide frames, as the heads of the keys are but
slightly touched by the pressure of the fingers in front of the machine
either to depress or to raise them to their normal position. The keys
are held in their position on the rod by two collars furnished with two
set screws, one for each, and two tapped keys are set on the rod, one
next to each collar, and connected by a small horizontal bar, and two
set screws at their vertical low ends. Each alternate punching lever
has a projection k formed on it opposite the oval cut j, in which the
vertical end of the key works and all the lace and stud punches. All
these levers are selected and depressed in an instant by a slight pressure
of the fingers on the heads of the tapped keys, and are punched by a
tread of the foot on the treadle. Four perforated plates are longi-
tudinally placed between the two main side frames of the machine, and
are respectively designated the die u, the car v, the stock w, and the
punching plates 2. Two projecting bearings y are internally cast on
each side of the two side frames at right angles and in direct line
opposite to each other adjacent to the front of the machine. Two of
these bearings or brackets are in line with the top of the frames A, A,
and the ends of the die plate u rest on them and on the brackets. The
card plate is directly mounted below the die and its length is as much
less than that of the die as the thickness of the frames is in excess of it.
The stock plate W is immediately placed below the card plate
and extends in length from side to side of the frames with its ends
resting on the under brackets and filling up by their insertion the
corresponding space that intervenes between the brackets on each side
of the frames.
The punching plate x is rectilineally mounted below the stock plate
and secured on two studs or pins, shown full size Figure 9, and their
construction, position, and mode of application will be explained in
course. The two brackets y, y, on each side of the machine have a hole
drilled in their centres, and the die and stock plates which rest on them
have a corresponding hole drilled in each of their ends, and a bolt with
a countersunk head in the surface of the die at each end enters these
holes which are all in a line, and which are fastened each with a nut
at its lower end; and the two plates are thus firmly held in their position.
Each of the four plates has two studs or pin holes drilled in its centre
towards its ends, and the card and punching plates are reciprocally

page_text: "
elevated and depressed on these two studs or pins Z by the action of the
treadle A¹ and the two side levers that will be explained hereafter, so
that while the die and stock plates have a firm and permanent position
the card and punching plates have an ascending and descending action
on the two perpendicular studs Z. These studs or pins have their
position in the centre of the plates, and work up and down at right
angles to one another in them. The lower end of each stud or pin has
a shoulder B' formed on it for a nut, and between it and the next
shoulder C¹ formed on the stud the end of the punching plate is placed
and held by the nut. The third part D' or form of the stud that works.
in the stock plate is the greatest portion of the pin in diameter. The
fourth division of the stud E' which the card plate occupies is less in
diameter in two parts of its divisions than the last or third part of the
stud. The diameter of the stud hole in this plate is less at the top
than at the other end, so as to have a shoulder formed on it to fit a
corresponding hole drilled in the plate, and so as to have it firmly fixed
on the stud by a nut. The sixth and last diameter F¹ of the stud is the
least in diameter, and serves as a guide to enter into the die, and to keep
the working of the card plate parallel to it.
Although each one of the four perforated plates has but one row of
vertical holes G¹ for pattern lace and stud drilled or formed in it, yet
the same result is exactly arrived at and attained as if each plate had
actually drilled in it six hundred and twelve perforations, the requisite
number for what is technically termed six hundred cords exclusive of
the lace and stud holes. All the vertical holes that are drilled in one
plate must coincide exactly and in every respect with all their
respectively and relatively corresponding vertical holes that are drilled or
formed in each of the other three plates.
The punching plate has a latitudinal row of holes G drilled or
formed in it so that all the vertical holes that are also drilled in it are
intersected in their centre by the latitudinal ones, the diameter of the
former being less than that of the latter. The punches I have in each
of them a perpendicular slot J' cut or formed towards their lower ends,
as shown full size in Figure 8, and are held in the plates by the
latitudinal pins which are inserted in the slots of the punches with
bearings on each side of the plate. These pins have a small plate fitted
into a groove formed on each longitudinal side of the punching plate
and secured at each end by a set screw, so that the pins are maintained

page_text: in their respective slots of the punches, which work up and down in
the plates, having always their lower ends resting on the top edge of
their respective levers. Two small brackets K' one on each side of the
punching plate with a square top flange to each at their top ends, and
with an approximate shape of an oval at their opposite or lower ends are
fastened under the surface of the punching plate at each end and in line
with it. In the lower end of the bracket á small tapped cam L' with
a slot is cut or formed in it, and in which a well fitted stud M¹ with a
suitable head or shoulder is mounted, and on which the top end of the
vertical rocking lever N¹ working on the fulcrum P¹ fixed longitudinally
in the side frame oscillates, whilst its latitudinal arm Q¹ extending
towards the front of the machine is jointed to the top end of the
diagonal or slanting connecting rod R', which has at its lower end
placed on the stud S₁ fixed in the outside of the treadle foot a per-
pendicular rod with a slot in it at its lower end placed on a stud in the
treadle, and jointed in like manner as the one previously described, will
also work the lever although not shown in the Drawings.
The treadle is mounted on the cross shaft E¹ that oscillates on
bearings in the two main side frames of the machine, with a collar and
a set screw towards each end close to the inside of the frame to keep
it from shifting and in one uniform position. The vertical projections
of the treadle, one on each side, have their top ends U¹ tapered, and aro
connected by a square bar V¹, and the front ends of the treadle by the
foot plate W, and their back ends by the cross shaft X¹, on which a
weighing balancing box Y' with a lid is mounted, having bearings on
the shaft in the centre secured with a set screw, and one towards each
end of the shaft working loosely on it and serving as collars to the two
side vertical levers which will be subsequently described.
Two small brackets Z' having each two horizontal projections formed
on it are firmly fixed vertically to each of the two inside frames of the
machinc. These projections form suitable guides for two vertical
punching side levers a¹ that slide up and down through them, having
their lower ends mounted on the treadle shaft towards its ends, and their
upper ends connected by the horizontal punching plate b.
The trigger
shaft c¹ which works on bearings in the two side frames in line with the
treadle shaft has the trigger d¹ keyed on its centre, and the two levers e¹
which are also keyed on it, one on each end thereof, have their opposite
ends connected by the cross bar f¹; which coming in coalition with the:

page_text: projecting points % of the side punching levers 7 impels such of the
levers as have been pressed to slide back by the manipulation of the
keys, and also to slide forward on their bearings to their normal position.
The weights g' of the side punching levers which follow the course of
the levers in their rise and fall and make their sudden descent silent
are mounted on the cross shaft h¹ which has bearings in the side frames
in direct line with that of the trigger to the back of the machine.
Having thus traced and explained the front and rear parts of the
machine, those that still remain to be illustrated towards its front and
back are adverted to in their order. The front cross shaft G, which has
already been referred to, and which has the two cams F, S, keyed on it,
one on each end, outside the frames, has also inside the frames the
pulley keyed on it adjacent to the frame on the left hand, and in its
circumference a groove is cut or formed, in which the small segment of
an equal circle with an adjustable screw is inserted, and serves as a
check to steady the shaft, and prevent any back lash. The loose collar k¹
is mounted on the shaft close to the frame on the right hand, in order
that the disengaging disc ', which has the corresponding vertical slot m¹
to the diameter of the shaft formed or cut in it, and through which it
has a sudden rise and fall, be precisely in a line with the similarly slotted
disengaging disc n' that acts in concert with it on the back cross shaft p'.
Contiguous to this disc the ratchet q' with a boss of sufficient length as
to form a bearing to the angular cam r¹, and a collar furnished with a
set screw to retain the cam in its place on the boss is keyed on the shaft.
This angular cam, which acts loosely on the boss of the ratchet, has the
stud s¹ fixed in its end or angle adjacent to the ratchet on which tho
catch is mounted, gearing into each successive tooth of the ratchet below
its centre on the shaft in front, whilst, at the same time, the pawl¹
working on the stud v¹ secured in the side frame gears also into each
successive tooth of the ratchet on the opposite side above its centre on
the shaft at the back. The points of the pawl and catch have each the
pin w¹ fixed on it, and both are equally affected by the alternate action
of the disc L', and are put out and let into gear in an instant at the
same time, and they are so formed as to dispense with the use or applica-
tion of any spring having the property of self-gearing or balancing in
themselves. The lower end or angle of the front angular cam is jointed
to the top end of the perpendicular lever x³, which has its opposite or
lower end jointed to the front end of the side cross rod y', and which rod

page_text: has its opposite end jointed to the top end of a similar lever ¹, which has
its opposite or lower end jointed to the under end or angle of the similar
cam A2 of an equal form keyed on the back cross shaft, revolving on
bearings on the two side frames of the machine, and in perfect unison
with the action of the front cross shaft. This cam has also the stud b
fixed in its top end or angle adjacent to the ratchet on which the catch c³
is mounted, gearing into each successive tooth of the ratchet & below
its centre on the shaft at the back, whilst the pawl. e², acting on the
stud secured in the side frame gears also into cach successive tooth of
the ratchet on its opposite side above its centre on the shaft to the front.
The points of the catch and pawl have the pin identically the same as
the two in front, and are affected similarly 'by the action of the disc n',
although the shafts revolve in a contrary direction.
The elucidation and disposition of those parts that are mounted on
the back cam shaft are as follows:-The adjustable collar k² having a
neck formed on it and a small bevelled stud fixed on its surface, is
mounted on the shaft close to the side frame and in line with the loose
collar set on the cam shaft in front; and a self-acting disengaging
cam f which is placed loosely on the neck of the collar comes at a
certain point of the revolution of the shaft, as the cam may be set and
fixed on it in contact with a similar stud fixed on the surface of the
disengaging disc n' above its vertical slot and in line with its centre,
and causes the catches and pawls of both the front and back rackets to
be released simultaneously, and temporarily kept so by the stud g² of the
disengaging disc n¹ resting on the summit point of the cam f³ during
the sudden reversion of the shaft by the return of the weight & falling
suddenly, but rising gradually in the covered case Y' attached to the
frame. A pulley h³ with a cord fixed in its groove and fastened to the
weight is keyed on the shaft, and a small friction roller set on a
spindle fixed in the side frame having its end within and near the top of
the weight case supports and guides the cord, as wound and unwound.
by the pulley and facilitates the action of the weight at the same time.
The disengaging disc n¹ is placed contiguous to the self-acting cam f
on the shaft, and their combined actions have already been described.
The ratchet which has also been partly defined having a similar boss to
the front one is keyed close to the disengaging disc on the shaft. And
the angular cam a which has been partially referred to when describing
those similar parts placed on the front shaft, is next to the ratchet on

page_text: the boss of which the angular cam is mounted, and works loosely on
its bearings on the boss and is retained in its position by a suitable
collar with a set screw. Two bell-crank levers j² are mounted on their
respective studs k² as spindles secured in the side frame and in line with
one another. The front bell crank having its arm j³ jointed in front of
the lower end of the front disengaging disc A, and its descending arm
jointed also to the side length m² of the releasing handle of the catches
and pawls of the two ratchets, whilst the crank at the back has its front
side arm jointed to the top of the disengaging disc n²; its descending
arm q² is jointed likewise to the back end of the length or foot m² of the
front disengaging handle. The perpendicular lever " acting on the
stud S¹ fixed in the side treadle A³ on the right and sliding up and down
through the guide T³, secured in the side frame, forms a component
part at the centre Y¹ of the horizontal side rod joining the lower end
of the lever X' of the angular cam m³ in front, and also by joining
its opposite point to the upper end of the lever of the angular cam a² at
the back as has been premised.
The card plate has a cut or groove formed in it at each end at right
angles, and a frame consisting of two equal sides and of bearings for the
rack at its centre slides to and fro in the grooves of the plate by
means of the pinion * cut on the back shaft or otherwise made and
placed on it working into the rack. And to guide and support the frame
and the rack in their gradual course towards the back, but in their
sudden return to the front of the machine, the two side frames of the
machine have each of them two small jutting brackets at the back of
the pawls, and the front back cam shaft on which the small guiding
frame is laid and fastened parallel to the plates and to the shaft
of the pinion. The two sides of the guiding frame subserve as bearings
to the card frame, whilst its centre part serves also as a guide and
support to the rack which has a hole v drilled in it, and the pin set in
it entering the corresponding slot in the diameter formed or cut in the
centre part of the guiding frame towards its front end and working in
the slot to and fro, being retained in the slot by a proper washer and a
suitable pin. The rack has double rows of teeth, the one being a tooth
in advance of the other to prevent any back lash as worked by the
pinion on the shaft. The back end of the rack v2 has a small friction
roller placed over it and in line with the centre of its pinion on the
shaft to keep both constantly and uniformly in mutual gearing. The

page_text: front and back ends of the card frame that have bearing in the grooves
of the plates have each of them a horizontal slot formed in it with a
countersunk formed in its under side to admit the head of a vertical
pin being set in it level with its surface, whilst its top end with a thread
on it enters from the under surface of the slot in the frame into an
adjustable longitudinal slot formed in a small bracket placed on the top
surface of the frame end, having a horizontal slide and a small plate
placed on it working on a hinge with or without a spring. This
arrangement holds the card or its substitute in a proper position when it
is being perforated, and permits the brackets to be regulated to the size
or dimensions of the materials on hand. In line with the top surface of
the two side frames of the machine a horizontal bracket with cranked
vertical bearings is mounted on each exterior side of it, and an upright x³
with interior cranked horizontal bearings y² is placed on the bracket on
each side of the frames, and its vertical end has a latitudinal projection,
and an oblong cavity is formed in it in which a small screw z³ turns on
bearings and passes through a tapped nut which serves as a journal for
the axis of the top roller to revolve in with its opposite axis turning in a
similar bearing on the other side frame of the machine. These bearings
for the axis of the roller are adjustable, and admit of a similar graduated
scale being marked on their sides, so that the tightening or slackening
of the endless band with the pattern can be expeditiously regulated to
any degree of exactness that the operations may require.
Having thus described the various parts of the machine representing
its various motions, I will now explain the movements of the machine
in the same order as they follow each other while the machine is in
operation; but I remark first that the pattern is stitched on an endless
band or web, and placed on two rollers, the front upper one and the top
back one, and that the band or web with the pattern intervenes between
the top curvity of the front adjustable under roller and the underlapping
segment of the front one, and I further remark that all the indices are
numbered consecutively from left to right in order to correspond with
the numeration of the finger keys. It is now supposed that the machine
has been unlocked and that the front left hand side motion which
regulates the longitudinal line of the pattern, and presents the centre of
the space between every two successive lines of it to the points of the
indices has been adjusted to the scale of the divisions of the pattern
paper on which the design has been delineated. It is also supposed that

page_text: the front right-hand motion which regulates the intermittent motion of
the horizontal bar with the adjustable index case of pointers which
indicate the centres of the latitudinal lines of the pattern as they are set
to represent them has been adjusted to the exactness that the divisions
of the pattern may require, so that by setting the first pointer opposite
the centre of the first square or any other geometrical form that the
pattern may assume, and by setting the second pointer opposite that of
the thirteen squares or forms of the pattern, and the third pointer
opposite that of the twenty-five squares or forms of the pattern, and so
on for the rest; for the principle as thus exemplified of twelve divisions
of the pattern between every two pointers prevails throughout the whole
range of indices, and all of them are so constructed that the whole can
be adjusted in an instant. It will further reflect more light still on
the operations to add that although the pattern may consist of various
colours yet it is only one colour that can be transposed by perforations
on any one card or its substitute, chiefly so that every colour requires
generally a distinct reading of the pattern and a separate set of cards to
represent it. It is also further to be observed that such squares or forms
as are contained by two horizontal lines of the pattern and by all the
vertical ones intersecting them constitute the subject matter of "reading
in" as technically termed, and that the relative position of every such
square or form of any one colour with respect to the card or its sub-
stitute and the plates is determined on the principle of a continuous
process of simple addition.
Supposing now that a blank card or its substitute is placed on the
platform of the card plate, and that the colour which is being read in is
blue, and granting that the machine is in a quiescent state, and has been
unlocked, and that the operator, having taken his seat in front of the
machine begins to read in the pattern by running bis eyes along the
range of indices, and by touching gently with his fingers the keys that
have the same number as the pointers have that indicate the colour
which is being read in, the corresponding levers of such keys as are
touched slide on their bearings a limited distance to the back of the
machine, and so soon as the foot treads the treadle the back end of the
levers that have been thrust to the back are raised by the punching
plate of the upper ends of the vertical side levers of the cross back shaft
of the treadle, and force their respective punches through the card in
conjunction with the connecting rods which work on the studs in the

page_text: great celerity that in fact the identical manipulations which are per-
formed in fifty times by any other existing apparatus are accomplished
in twelve times by this Invention.
As a modification of the preceding and afore-mentioned reading in and
punching machine I sometimes substitute another form of punching
levers, reverse the position of the punches and that of the rack, reduce
the number of the perforating plates, supersede the side punching levers,
their guides and connecting plate, dispense with the trigger and all its
appendages, and with the application of the keys separate, and with the
rod on which they are set. In this simplification of the machine the
front ends of the punching levers are placed in a suitable guide secured
in the two main side frames of the machine as formerly, but their
opposite ends are mounted at the back on a fulcrum, a cross shaft which
The levers have the
has bearing in the two side frames of the machine.
keys formed on their front top ends, and have each a descending vertical
projection with a horizontal crank at right angles to it. Two similar
studs are secured in two similar brackets attached to the two main side
frames of the machine in front, and have each of them a similar eccen-.
trical cam mounted loosely on it. Two side vertical levers with slots at
their lower ends work on two studs fixed in the side of the treadle, and
slide up and down through guides cast on the side frames, and
connected at their upper ends to the aforesaid cams by two links, one for.
each lever and for each eccentric. In these cams towards their points
a horizontal bar is fixed, and acts as a presser on the cranks of such levers
as have been depressed by the finger keys, and are retained in their down
position by the horizontal arms of the small cranked pendulous levers,
which work loosely on a horizontal fulcrum on bearings in the brackets.
The arms of these small levers, by the depression of such keys as have
been read in, surmount the horizontal studs of the descending vertical,
projections of the punching levers, and the keys of such levers are,
therefore held. down until they are either realized by a touch of the
fingers if necessary, or by. the upward action of the treadle, when they
The side levers and the
all regain and resume their normal position.
are
cams are connected by the links, and the pressure of the foot on the
treadle board brings forward of course the horizontal bar fixed in the
cams, and grasping or taking hold of the cranks of the depressed levers
which are in line and come in contact with the heads of their respective

page_text: cards or their substitutes.
The punches are retained in the upper plate precisely on the same
principle as they are held in their lower one in the first machine, and
their effect in their reversed position is exactly similar to those in their
unaltered state.
In place of four plates three only are used, and are respectively deno-
minated the stock, the relieving, and card punching plates. The stock
plate is the top one and contains the punches, and has a permanent
position between the two main side frames of the machine, and secured
on two brackets cast on each interior side of the frame. The relieving
plate is the centre one, and has two springs, one on each of its two guide
studs or pins, and the stock plate, into which the pins enter and
in which they work up and down, has a recess formed in its under
surface in each of the pin holes to receive the springs in their com-
pressed form, and the relieving plate by the force of their expansion is
repulsed to its normal position when relieved from the pressure of the
punching plate. The under plate is the punching one, and has two
grooves cut or formed on its surface, one at each end and at right angles,
and the card frame slides backward and forward in them by the action
of the rack and pinion. This plate has bearings at each end cast on each
interior side of the frames to rest on when not in action, and works up
and down on two guide studs or pins secured in the side brackets of the
frames of the machine, and the centre plate works also on these studs or
pins up and down, and their top ends have corresponding holes drilled in
the stock plate in which they ascend and descend and have always
partial bearings in them, so as to maintain the perforations drilled in the
relieving and punching plates parallel to their corresponding holes in
the stock plate. The rack in this case being placed under the pinion
the friction roller is dispensed with. The punching plate, by means of
the oblong brackets, the tapped cams, and slide levers, is raised and
lowered by the treadle.
A combination of rollers may connect the front cross cam ratchet
shaft with the back cross cam ratchet shaft of the machine in place of
the nernendicular levers acting on the nuts fixed
on
the side tunadle
'

page_text: The remaining parts of this modification with respect to its other
motions and appliances are identically the same and exactly similar to
those that have already been defined as component parts of the first
machine, and recapitulation of their description again would be un-
necessary, as reference to the first machine supplies all the information
and explanation that are requisite respecting them.
As a further modification of the principle of the first machine instead
of the perforated plates being placed and used horizontally as in both
the aforesaid machine and modification, I place the three plates not
longitudinally as used in them, but latitudinally or endwise between
the two main side frames of the machine. The punching levers in this
modification consist of four rows, and each row of fifteen finger keys or
levers, and each tier or row works on a separate fulcrum a cross bar on
bearings in the two side frames, and all the four fulcrums have their
centres in the same perpendicular line. All the levers are similarly
formed, but they are not all of equal length; for they diminish as they
approach the centre line of their fulcrums more at the back than they
extend in length in front. The length of the arms of the punching
levers of the top row from the centre of their fulcrum to the back is
longer than that of the second row; whereas on the contrary the length
of the arms of the top row of levers from the centre of their fulcrum to
the front is shorter than that of the second; and as to the remaining
other two rows, it suffices to state that the dimensions of the third row
have the same ratio to those of the fourth row, as the dimensions of the
first row have to the second one. The front ends of the four tiers of the
punching levers have each of them a similar shoulder formed on it or
them for the finger key or keys, and also for the purpose of the hori-
zontal front rod or rods to accomplish or effect the perforations of the
materials that may be used in conjunction with the action of treadle,
and in the manner that the annexed mode describes; four studs are
fixed in each side of the two interior sides of the two brackets of the
machine in front, and on these studs four volute cams are mounted on
each interior side of the two front brackets, and each cam works loosely
on the end of each stud, and the end of a horizontal rod is fixed in each
cam towards its point, and two side levers which work at their lower
ends on two studs fixed in the exterior sides of the treadle, one on each
side thereof, and which slide up and down through two guides in the two
main side frames of the machine are connected at their upper ends to

page_text: 1
the aforesaid cams by four links, one for each lever on each side of the
machine so that when the treadle board is pressed down by the foot the
four horizontal rods take hold of those key end bearers that have been
depressed by the fingers, and are held in their down position by means
of the mechanical contrivance that will be subsequently described, and
the horizontal parts of the levers bearing directly on the respective heads
of their corresponding punches effected the perforations in the card or
its substitue. Each lever has a descending vertical projection on its
back end and a stud fixed in the exterior side of its projection. The
horizontal arm of bell-crank levers which work on fulcrums secured in
the side frames act as checks to retain the front ends of the levers in a
lower position when depressed by the fingers till they are either released
by a touch of the fingers, or by a pressure of the foot on the treadle
board. The other descending vertical arms of the levers have small
weights formed on their ends, one on each, and oscillating as pen-
dulums on their fulcrums, act as counterbalances to their horizontal
arms so that while the back ends of the levers which have weights
formed on them, one on each, are kept from falling to their normal
position, their front ends are also at the same time kept from rising
to their normal position till the punching takes place.
The punches as applicable to each row of the levers are of different
lengths, for the length of the second row of the punches is as much less
than that of the first as the breadth of the second row of levers and the
space between the first and second rows are in contrast, and the same
principle of measure determines the length of the third row of punches,
and so also the length of the fourth row of punches is equal to the
distance between the under edges of the last row of punching levers,
and the lowest position of the ends of the punches in the centre plate;
for the lower ends of the punches are all in the same plane since they
are suspended by their gravity on the latitudinal pins inserted in their
vertical slots when not acted on, and are in a quiescent state.
second, the third, and fourth rows of levers have all similar cranks cut
or formed on them to correspond with the diameter of the punches, and
to guide and support not only the upper ends of the first row of punches
in a perpendicular line with their levers, the top row ones, but also to
afford space for them at their lower ends so as to be in direct line with
their corresponding holes in the plates, and also so as not to interfere in
their course with any of the under punching levers. The second row of
The
་

page_text: punches have also similar cranks cut or formed in the third and fourth
rows of levers for the like purpose, and so the third row of levers have
likewise similar cranks cut or formed in the four rows of levers, also for
The rack in this case may be placed above or under the
like purposes.
pinion.
As all the other parts that belong to this simplification of the first
machine are fully set forth and explained therein, their characters and
actions are not described here as it would only be a repetition of what
has already been done in the first machine.
The form of the cam, which is shown on the Drawings, and marked
Number 7, may be used in place of the one on the left.
A stud or peg
of a simple form of construction for the cylinder of the jacquard loom,
with a flat spring, and applicable to small as well as large cylinders for
that loom is shown on a large scale in Figure 10 of the Drawings.
Although my Invention applies chiefly to the purposes of weaving,
such as warping, beaming, yarn dressing, and copping for the self-acting
mules, yet it is applicable to a variety of other purposes, such as ruling
paper, drawing, tracing, delineating scales, and for drilling the plates.
Having now fully explained and described the nature of my Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to
be distinctly understood that I do not limit nor confine myself to the
exact and precise arrangement and disposition of details as herein set
forth and described, since they may be varied without departing or
deviating from the character and principle of my Invention; but what I
do claim and wish to be protected is,-
-
Firstly. The manner or mode in which the plates are placed and
applied with one longitudinal row of holes formed in them, and in which
two of them have a permanent position, and the other two a reciprocal
action, as herein described and represented in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1,
Figure 4, Sheet 2, and Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 3, of the accompanying
Drawings.
Secondly. The manner. or mode in which the punches with vertical
slots in them are held in the plates, and are made to punch at their
upper ends, and to rest at their under ones on the top longitudinal edges
of the side punching levers, as herein-before described and represented
in Figures 5, 6, and 9, Sheet 3, of the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Thirdly. The form of the tapped cams with the slots, and the mode in
which the rocking levers with their connections actuate them, and
clevate and depress the two perforated plates, as herein-before described
and represented in Figure 1, Sheet 1, Figure 4, Sheet 2, Figures 5 and 6,
Sheet 3, of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The form of construction of the side punching levers, and
the mode of sliding them to and fro on their bearings between the reeds
by the manipulations of the keys, and by the action of the trigger and its
connections, and the manner in which the perpendicular levers of the
treadle with their connecting plate act on the ends of the punching
levers, as herein-before described and represented in Figures 1 and 2,
Sheet 1, Figure 4, Sheet 2, and Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 3, of the accom-
panying Drawings.
Fifthly. The mode of construction, and the employment of the per-
pendicular side lever, which as worked by the treadle, actuates the
angular cams which work loosely on bearings of the ratchets, and in the
corners of which cams the pins of the self gearing balancing catches of
the ratchets are fixed, as herein-before described and represented in
Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 3, of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixthly. The form and application of the slotted disengaging discs as
rising and falling suddenly, and as pulling out and letting into gearings
simultaneously, the self-acting balancing pawls and catches of the
ratchets by their connections with the arms of the bell-crank levers, and
the releasing handle of the pawls and catches, as herein-before described
and represented in Figure 2, Sheet 1, and Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 3, of
the accompanying Drawings.
Seventhly. The form and method of applying the adjustable self-acting
volute cam, and of the mechanical parts connected with it acting loosely
on the shaft of the ratchet, and its application in connection with such
parts to release the pawls and catches at any point of the revolution of
the shaft, and to retain them temporarily in that position while the card
frame returns to the front, and the weight drops into its case by the
reversion of the shaft, as herein-before described and represented in
Figure 2, Sheet 1, and Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 3, of the accompanying
Drawings.
Eighthly. The design and form of the card frame as constructed and
placed on bearings between the side frames, and the mode in which they

page_text: recede intermittently, and return suddenly in the grooves of the card
plate by the action of the pinion working into the rack, as herein-before
described and represented in Figure 2, Sheet 1, and Figures 5 and 6,
Sheet 3, of the accompanying Drawings.
Ninthly. The manner of acting and the form of construction of the
cam on the end of the front shaft on the left, which, by means of its
mechanical connections, conveys a partial motion to the self-acting
balancing pawls and catches of the ratchet, and to the spur or driver on
the axis of the top front roller, and by which the centre of the space
between every two horizontal lines of the pattern is successively. pre-
sented to the indices, as herein-before described and represented in
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, and Figure 3, Sheet 2, of the accompanying
Drawings.
Tenthly. The mode of acting and the form of construction of the
cam on the front shaft on the right, which by means of its mechanical
connections imparts an intermittent motion to the horizontal bar that
carries the case of indices which indicate the cords of the pattern as
selected and read in, as herein-before described and represented in
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, and Figure 3, Sheet 2, of the accompanying
Drawings.
Eleventhly. The form and construction of the perpendicular indices
with the vertical slots cut or formed in each one towards its ends, and
with the latitudinal pin fixed in its centre, and with its opposite end
entering into and working in the groove formed in the longitudinal side
of the frame of the case in which the indices are placed are all essential
elements of the motion, as constituting its compound, parallel, and
perpendicular action, as herein-before described and represented in
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, Figure 3, Sheet 2, and Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 3,
of the accompanying Drawings.
Twelfthly. The general arrangement, disposition, and construction of
the working parts of the machine, as herein-before described and repre-
sented in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2, and
Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 3, of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirteenthly. The form and the manner of construction of the studs or
pegs for the cylinder of the jacquard loom, and the manner in which
they are fastened in it and are adapted to either small or large cylinders,

page_text: as herein-before described and represented in Figure 10, Sheet 3, of the
accompanying Drawings.
Fourteenthly. The general arrangement of the mechanical parts of the
modifications of the machine, and the manner in which the perforated
plates are placed and applied in a reversed state, and the form of the
construction of the punching levers, and the disposition of their ful-
crums; and the manner in which they are acted on by the action of
the treadle and their eccentric cams, connecting rods, and links; and
the form of the construction of the keys, and the manner in which they
are placed and are held when played on in a down position by the arms
of the pendulous levers which act on the pins in their descending pro-
jections till the material is punched or are released by a touch of the
fingers, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Duncan Mackenzie, have hereunto