matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TAKING DEEP SEA SOUNDINGS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Charles Wallich at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
December 1860.
I, GEORGE CHARLES WALLICH, of 17, Campden Hill Road, Kensington, in
the County of Middlesex, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TAKING
DEEP SEA SOUNDINGS," to be as follows:-
In every apparatus for taking deep sea soundings hitherto constructed, cer-
tain complicated parts exist which are essential to the efficiency of the apparatus.
Thus a central fixed shaft or central stem is attached to that portion of the
instrument which receives the matter at the sea bottom, and this fixed shaft
or stem has to be hauled up with the remainder of the apparatus.
Where a pair of hemispherical clam-shaped, or semi-cylindrical cups closing
by levers in the fashion of nippers have been employed, these levers have-
been kept open in descending, and closed in ascending, by counterpoising
weights and lines, the action of which is uncertain, whilst the counterpoising.
weights add greatly to the general weight which has to be hauled up.
My Invention consists of three distinct improvements; firstly, the employ-
ment of a metallic cylinder not only as a temporary shaft, but also as the weight
(necessary in every instance) to cause the apparatus to sink rapidly through the
water; this metallic temporary shaft being so contrived as to become completely
detached on reaching the bottom; the rope or ropes which support it, and the
rest of the apparatus in descending being liberated when the bottom is touched.

page_text: Secondly, in the employment of this temporary shaft as the means of keep-
ing the receiving cups open till the bottom is reached by its weight resting
upon the cup levers.
Thirdly, in the employment of india-rubber bands or springs of any kind for
the purpose of forcibly closing the cups by acting on the levers as soon as they
are relieved of the weight of the temporary shaft, which keeps them open in
descent; one great superiority of my Invention over any other apparatus used
for a similar purpose, is that in hauling up, the weight is reduced simply to
that of the cups and levers, and the pair of clips by the operation of which
the shaft is detached when it has fulfilled its office. I do not claim the cups
and levers or the clips as my Invention, the former having been in use by
naval men or others several years ago, and the latter being in daily use in
workshops.
AN IMPROVED PROPELLER WHEEL FOR SHIPS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Watts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th September
1860. A communication from Thomas Tripp, of Buffalo, in the County
of Erie and State of New York, in the United States of America,
Engineer.
I, GEORGE EDWARD WATTS, of the City of Bristol, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROPELLER WHEEL
FOR SHIPS," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists in having the blades of the propeller wheel formed
in respect of their main propelling surfaces, and also in respect to their outward
arcs with the following distinguishing characteristics: The main inward
surfaces of the blades upon both faces thereof describe arcs with a radius
one-half the length of the radius of the wheel, and the outward curve or
hook of the blade upon both faces thereof describes ares with a radius one-
fourth the radius of the wheel, and with gradually diminishing chords; whereby
in action the blades "push" against the water in a manner to give the water
moved by the blades, a spiral motion without breaking the volume of the
water moved, consequently the blade has exerted its propelling power before it
leaves the water as at first moved, and does not therefore lift or carry water,
and is nearly or quite free from " slip."
IMPROVEMENTS IN HANGING WINDOW SASHES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kennard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th October
1860.
I, WILLIAM KENNARD, of 19, Southgate Terrace, Southgate Road, New
North Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HANGING WINDOW SASHES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in hanging window sashes.
For these purposes in place of the upper and lower sashes of a window, each
having weights, pulleys, and cords, as is very generally the case at present, the
two sashes are connected together by cords, straps, or chains, which pass over
pulleys, the axes of which turn in suitable bearings at the upper part of the
frame of the window, by which arrangement the two sashes balance each other,
so that when the lower one is raised the upper one is lowered; and it is pre-
ferred that the lower sash should be furnished with a lift or hook fastened to
the bottom rail of the sash, and so arranged as to lock or fasten the lower sash
and prevent its being raised from the outside until the fastening is released by
lifting the sash by means of the lift or hook on the inside of the sash, or other
fastenings may be used.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF PURIFYING THE THAMES AND OTHER TIDAL RIVERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Durand at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July 1860.
I, FRANÇOIS DURAND, of Paris, in the French Empire, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF PURIFYING
THE THAMES AND OTHER TIDAL RIVERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the purifying of the Thames and other tidal
rivers. For this purpose I propose to construct a canal from the river to the sea,
the river end of it being at or near the city or town, or the drainage discharge,
or so situated as to carry off the sewage and fecal contents of the river in the
manner herein-after described, preferring to have it at that part into which
the largest quantity of sewage is discharged. This canal is to be provided with
sluice gates, locks, or a suitable gate or gates at both ends. When the tide
rises (supposing the canal empty), the sea end lock or gate of the canal is.
closed and the river end lock or gate opened, and as the tide rises the river
water driven back by the tide will be impelled into the canal carrying with it
the sewage and foul matters with which it is charged. When the tide is up
to high water the river gate is also closed, when the tide has gone down to
low water the sea gate is opened, the river gate still remaining closed, so that
the contents of the canal will be discharged into the sea. The canal may
open at its river end into two or more points of the river, or, what is the same
thing, two or more branches may lead from the river into the inain canal,
each branch having its lock gate or gates opening and closing as before
described. The canal may serve for navigation purposes, if desired.]
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AN APPARATUS FOR UNLOOSENING HORSES INSTANTLY FROM A CARRIAGE WHEN FRIGHTENED OR RUNNING AWAY
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emma Benjamin Orange at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
18th August 1860.
I, EMMA BENJAMIN ORANGE, residing at Barentin, in the Depart of Seine
the Inférieure, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AN APPARATUS FOR UNLOOSENING
HORSES INSTANTLY FROM A CARRIAGE WHEN FRIGHTENED OR RUNNING AWAY," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in joining the two parts of each shaft by means of
sheaths or cases fixed to the fore parts to which the traces are attached, the
back parts of the shafts being set in these sheaths, and there maintained by
bolts traversing corresponding mortices in the sheaths or cases and in the
shafts. These bolts are simultaneously withdrawn, but in opposite directions,
by means of rods with rack and pinion, and of a toothed sector set in motion
by a cord within reach of the driver. As soon as the bolts leave the mortices
the fore parts of the shafts separate from the hind parts, and are carried away
by the horse, leaving the carriage behind. In some cases the fastenings
securing the cross bar to the two shafts may be made to act in the same way
as the bolts above mentioned.
When two horses are harnessed to the carriage, by a slight modification of
the same apparatus, the trace bars (there being no shafts) are released and
carried off by the horses, together with the chains by which they are attached
to the pole.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bowers Taylor, at the
Office of the Commisioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
April 1860.
J, WILLIAM BOWERS TAYLOR, of Ballymena, in the County of Antrim,
in Ireland, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to strike the weft into the cloth with a blow
similar to that produced in weaving by hand, thereby relieving the warp from
the injurious strain consequent on the usual mode of working the lay or batten.
In performing my Invention I dispense with the crank shaft, and to cach lay
sword a spring is attached; the lay is drawn back by wipers or tappets fixed on
a cross shaft, and as soon as the wiper releases the lay it is at liberty to be
drawn forward so as to strike home the weft by the springs above referred
to, the blow thus given can be regulated by adjustable spring buffers attached
to the breast beam or to the loom sides or by other suitable agents. The
picking motion must be modified to suit the above mode of working the lay
or batten.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GIVING INFORMATION AT DOORS AND PLACES OF BUSINESS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis William Searle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 80th
July 1860.
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM SEARLE, of Coleman Street, in the City of London,
Auctioneer and Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GIVING INFORMATION AT DOORS AND PLACES
OF BUSINESS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an apparatus to be exhibited or affixed at or to
the doors, windows, or other prominent outside surfaces of offices, places of
business, and other localities where announcements are desirable, whereby
information may be conveyed to persons calling at such places, as to the
absence or return of the occupiers, or as to other matters.
The apparatus may consist of a small wooden or other box, bearing upon its
outside surface the words "will return," or others of similar meaning, and
containing within it two rollers or other apparatus, over which is stretched an
endless band, upon which band is written, printed, or painted, at intervals,. the
words "immediately," "again to morrow," "at 10;" and such other announce-
ments as the habits of business of such occupiers may require. The box is
intended to be entirely closed, and under the words "will return" I intend to
leave an opening in the outside case of the box through which the aforesaid
words, or others, may be shewn to the callers at the will of the occupiers.
The rollers or other apparatus for changing the announcements, may be worked.

page_text: from the outside of the box by means of a key or other contrivance, whereby
any one of the announcements may, at the will of the occupier, be brought to
sight through the opening.
It is obvious that the arrangement above described may be varied in several
ways to suit the convenience and intentions of the occupiers of such places.
A SUBSTITUTE FOR NITRATE OF SILVER, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Cyrus Macaire at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July
1860.
I, LOUIS CYRUS MACAIRE, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Artist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SUBSTITUTE FOR
NITRATE OF SILVER, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
In forming my substitute for nitrate of silver, I propose using, in combina-
tion with the pure silver and nitric acid now employed, certain quantities of
azotate of potash and a small portion of a baser metal, such as copper, tin,
zinc, or bismuth. These materials mixed in the proportions below mentioned
I have found to answer well :
Pure silver
Nitric acid
Azotate of potash
Zino or other metal
1.
1.50
1.50
•1
This combination producing -
3.1
The substitute thus produced is cheaper and more efficient for photographic
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS AND MEANS EMPLOYED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GEOMETRIC OR ORNAMENTAL FIGURES OR DESIGNS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Batchelor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th September
1860.
I HENRY BATCHELOR, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS AND MEANS EMPLOYED FOR
THE PRODUCTION OF GEOMETRIC OR ORNAMENTAL FIGURES OR DESIGNS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the method of obtaining
curvilinear other figures or designs with ease and facility and in great
variety on slate, paper, or other material, according to the purposes for which
such designs are to be employed.
One part of my improvements consists in preparing the slate, paper, or
other material with a series of points or perforations from a template or other-
wise (the points to be arranged according to the character of the design
required). Into one or more of the points or perforations of the slate, paper,
or other material so prepared a shread or shreads of silk, cotton, or other
material is is introduced by suitable means, and ararranged in loops in such a
manner as to serve as a guide to a pencil, pen, or tracer, by which the figure
is to be described.
Another part of my improvements relates to the form of such pen, pencil, or
tracer, which I adapt for this purpose by making a recess or groove near its

page_text: points, so as to retain the thread in position while passing over the surface of
the slate, paper, or other material.
Another part of my improvements relates to a method of obtaining orna-
mental designs by means of templates composed of cardboard, wood, or other
material, such templates being perforated and made to revolve either singly or
in sets of two or more around fixed points on the surfaces employed. When
two or more templates are so employed one may be fixed, and motion com-
municated to the other or others by means of a belt or band or other suitable
method, and the figure is obtained by fixing the pen, pencil, or tracer in the
revolving template or on the traversing band, as may be desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLES FOR CARRIAGES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
January 1860.
I, HENRY EDWARD BROWN, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Coach
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AXLES FOR CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of axles, so that the end of the bed
forms the bearing for the inner end of the axle box in place of the ordinary
collar for the same purpose, and with a collet, which I prefer to be of gun
metal, for the bearing of the outer end of the box, such metal collet being
kept to its position by the pressure of a strong spring. By this arrange-
ment the box has a rigid bearing as usual at its inner end, and an elastic
bearing at its outer end; also, the spring being substituted for the ordinary
nut, the use of washers is dispensed with, and the wear of the bearings
is compensated for by the elastic force of the spring, which is kept in its
place by a linch pin or other suitable means. The tension of the spring when
first placed on the nib of the arm may be regulated, when required, by screw-
ing down a bolt upon the end of the nib, which is tapped to receive it, and
thereby working forward the box or socket containing the spring into its
required place. The oil is supplied through a hole in the cap as usual, and
thence through a hollow passage in the arm, whence it issues through a hole
into a grooved chamber in the box.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE RUDDERS OF SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Finch at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1860.
I, BENJAMIN FINCH, of Beaufort Square, Chepstow, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE
RUDDERS OF SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the arrangement
of the rudders of ships and vessels; heretofore steam vessels built to run
either end foremost have frequently been fitted with two rudders, one or other
of which is employed according as one or other end of the vessel is leading,
the other rudder being for the time locked. Now, according to this Invention
I fit ships and vessels with two rudders, one at each end, and I connect the
two together in such a manner that they necessarily move both at the same
time and towards the same side of the ship or vessel. By this arrangement
the two rudders both tend to turn the ship in the same direction, and the
pressure of the water on the one is balanced by that on the other, and con-
sequently but little power is required to steer the ship or vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-CLOSETS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ward at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd June 1860.
I, JAMES WARD, of Queen's Street, Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WATER-CLOSETS," to be as follows:— .
These improvements relate to the mode of supplying water to a closet by
means of a regulator, which I accomplish in the following manner :-A
plunger or piston works freely in a regulator or water-tight cylinder. Fixed
to the plunger is a rod serving as a piston rod, which passes through a stufling
box in the top cover of the regulator or water-tight cylinder. The plunger or
piston is raised by any suitable means in connection with the piston rod, and
worked by the handle of the closet. It is forced down by weights fixed on
the piston rod. The inlet and outlet pipes for the water are fixed to the
bottom of the water-tight cylinder. The inlet pipe is opened or closed by a
conical or other valve. When the piston is lifted by raising the closet handle,
the pressure is taken from the top of the valve, and it is opened by the
pressure of the water beneath, which flows into the cylinder, and on pushing
down the closet handle the weights fixed to the piston rod force down the
plunger or piston, which presses upon the water contained in the cylinder,
forcing it out at the outlet leading to the closet pan, and at the same time
closes the inlet by the pressure on the top of the valve being greater than that
underneath. A valve may also be put in the plunger to allow any water that
may accumulate at the top through leakage to pass through.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STUFFING CHAIRS, COUCHES, MATTRESSES, PILLOWS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE PURPOSES, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED ALSO FOR STUFFING CABIN FURNITURE, AND THE SEATS AND BACKS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE VEHICLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Headlam at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd October 1860.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM HEADLAM, of No. 3, Montague Villas, Tottenham, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUFFING CHAIRS, COUCHES, MATTRESSES, PILLOWS, AND
OTHER SUCH LIKE PURPOSES, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED ALSO FOR STUFFING CABIN
FURNITURE, AND THE SEATS AND BACKS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE VEHICLES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in stuffing chairs, couches, mattresses, pillows, and
other such like articles of house and ships' furniture, and vehicles generally, in
a simple and efficient manner, at the same time rendering the stuffing of such
articles considerably easier and more elastic and durable than by the means
hitherto adopted of using horsehair, and maintaining the required spring for
an unlimited period. I propose employing india-rubber balls for the purpose
intended; these I place between two thicknesses of canvass or ticking, and
secure them in their places by a stitch or button between each. Thus it will
appear that when any pressure is applied to the centre of the outer surface, it
is distributed over the whole number of balls, the outer ones feeling less than
those where the weight is immediately applied. This mode of stuffing being
more particularly applicable to chairs, couches, omnibus and cab seats, cabins
of vessels, and other purposes where stuffing is desirable.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN THE RIBS OF PARASOLS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Chatwin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
June 1860.
I, GEORGE HENRY CHATWIN, of Gresham Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN THE RIBS OF PARASOLS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to those parasols made with a "flounce" or other
like ornament, and consists in forming on or fixing to the rib a lug or pro-
jection pierced or perforated at or about two inches more or less from the tip,
for the purpose of securing the covering, and if need be the top of the
flounce.
AN IMPROVED PENCIL CASE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Pinkney at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1860.
I, ROBERT PINKNEY, of 18, Bread Street Hill, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PENCIL
CASE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to pencil cases, in which the marking material is
loosely inserted, and "propelled" and "withdrawn" as required for use, and
consists in "propelling" and "withdrawing" the lead or other marking.
material by means of a ratchet motion instead of a screw or spiral motion, as
hitherto used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOWERING SHIPS' BOATS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Payne, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1860.
I, HENRY PAYNE, of Saint James' Road, Old Kent Road, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOWERING SHIPS' BOATS," to be as follows:—
The object of this Invention is to release ships' boats from the lowering
tackle in a more simple and efficient manner than by the means hitherto
adopted for that purpose. I propose bolting or otherwiso securing at each
end of the bottom of the boat, a strong metallic block having a slot or
opening made across its centre, and a hole formed through the metal in a
contrary direction; into each of the holes formed in the blocks is passed one
end of a rod, the other end terminating in a double lever in or near the centro
of the boat, cach end of this lever being connected to one end of each of the rods.
A vertical shaft passes through one of the thwarts of the boat, and through
the centre of the lever a handle is placed on the top of the shaft, which
actuates the lever and pushes the rods forward, or draws them out of the
holes, as required. I employ three guys at each end of the boat, one in the
centre, and one on each side, each of which have a flat link at their end; said
links are placed into the slot or opening formed in the blocks, and the ends of
the rods pass through them, by which means the boat is suspended. It will
appear evident that the boat cannot be disengaged from the guys until the
rods are withdrawn by the action of the handle upon the lever, consequently
no accident can happen by capsizing when struck by a wave or otherwise.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURING THE WEARING TYRES ON WHEELS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fenton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th December
1860.
I, JAMES FENTON, of Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentlemen, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURING THE WEARING TYRES ON WHEELS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is intended to apply chiefly to railway wheel tyres, and
consists in hollowing out or cutting away a portion from the inner side of the
inner tyre, sole, or felloe, and on the outer edge of the wheel, the line left by
the removal of a part of such portion being parallel with the edge of the inner
tyre or felloe and a part inclined, or the whole may be inclined. I then form
the outer edge of the wearing tyre to overhang and fit under the outer edge of
the inner tyre or felloe, and at intervals I indent and set up into the part
removed from the inner tyre or felloe, as before mentioned, the overlapping
part of the outer tyre.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING DOMES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rumbold at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th September
1860.
I, WILLIAM RUMBOLD, Architect, of St. Louis, Missouri, in the United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING DOMES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing the domes of buildings of arched ribs
resting on the wall plate, and against a ring or eye at the apex. In order to
neutralize the thrust of these arched ribs, bands are firmly fastened at intervals
on the extrados of the said arches, whereby the thrust of the whole dome is
transferred to a tensile strain upon these bands. To prevent the arched ribs
from "buckling" or springing under the crushing strain to which they are
exposed, the above-mentioned bands are firmly fastened to each rib, whereby
they are caused to sustain each other; other bands are also placed on the
intrados of the arches, which are fastened in a like manner and sustain the
lower chord of the rib in its proper position. By means of these bands the ribs
are so combined into one structure and strengthened, that a dome of a much
lighter weight in proportion to its span can be constructed in this manner than
by any other method, and yet the strength of the dome may be equal to nearly
the absolute resistance to compression due to the sectional area of the ribs.
The essential feature of this Invention consists in the application of the above
described bands to the ribs or arches of a dome to receive the thrust of the
same, and to prevent any tendency to "buckling" or springing.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING PIPES OR TUBES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Martin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st Sep-
tember 1860.
I, THOMAS MARTIN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Millwright,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING PIPES OR TUBES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel method of obtaining a steam, air, and
water-tight junction between the extremities of pipes or tubes, and consists in
the application and use of an annular wedge, the exterior surface being formed
of two inclined planes straight or curved, and both tapering from the centre
of its length, such wedge is placed in the interior of the extremities of the
pipes to be coupled, which are tapered internally to receive the wedge-shaped
ring or packing. The ring may either be solid or disunited at one point of its
circumference, so as to allow it to spring slightly, so that when the pipes to
be connected are bolted together at the flanches, as usual, the double conical
or curved exterior of the packing ring is brought into close contact with the
interior bevilled surfaces of the pipes, and by the compression of the ring, by
means of the bolts, it is caused to fit and form a perfectly tight joint at the
junction of the pipes. Such rings may be made of any description of metal,
wood, or preparations or combination of caoutchouc, gutta percha, or other
material, which may be considered most appropriate to the purposes for which
they may be used.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PIPES FOR SMOKING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Frankau at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 12th January
1860.
I, SIDNEY FRANKAU, of Bishopsgate Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN PIPES FOR SMOKING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing pipes for smoking, whether of
meerschaum or other clay, or wood, with the stem in the form of a rifle
or musket, to which pipes I intend to give the name of "the rifleman's
pipe."
THE APPLICATION OF SPUN SILK WASTE MADE WINDING AND WEAVING TO MANUFACTURING PURPOSES, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN OPERATING ON SUCH SILK WASTE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Briggs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1860.
I, EDWARD BRIGGS, of Castleton Mills, near Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Silk Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF SPUN SILK WASTE MADE
WINDING AND WEAVING TO MANUFACTURING PURPOSES, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN OPERATING ON SUCH SILK WASTE," to be as follows:-
The spun silk waste made in winding and weaving has not heretofore been
used for manufacturing purposes, owing chiefly to the fact that such waste
necessarily contains a certain amount of twist. Now, my Invention consists
in rendering such spun silk waste available for manufacturing purposes, either
alone or combined with other silk or other materials. The machinery employed
consists of a feeding apparatus which delivers the waste to two travelling sheets
of pins, commonly called porcupine sheets, or other equivalent agents, from
whence they are taken by a cylinder covered with pins, the object of the
machinery, which may be considerably modified, being to take the twist out of
the spun silk waste, thereby converting the fibres as near as possible to their
original state. The subsequent machinery required for dressing, spinning, and
weaving is similar to that usually employed in the manufacture of silk.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF EXPLOSIONS OF STEAM BOILERS, ARISING THROUGH DEFICIENCY OF WATER OR OVER-PRESSURE OF STEAM
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Henry Higginbotham and
Aaron Beech at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th June 1860.
We, EDWIN HENRY HIGGINBOTHAM, of Macclesfield, in the County of
Chester, Silk Manufacturer, and AARON BEECH, of the same Place, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF EXPLOSIONS OF STEAM
BOILERS, ARISING THROUGH DEFICIENCY OF WATER OR OVER-PRESSURE OF STEAM," to
be as follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of extinguishing the fire in the
furnace, by admitting water thereto when there is such a deficiency of water
in the boiler as would occasion an explosion.
The improvement consists in the novel application and use of a valve for
the said purpose, which is suitably enclosed in a chamber below the water
line, and either inside or outside the boiler; the valve is connected to a lever
passing into the boiler in such a manner that the valve cannot open until the
long end of the lever rises, such lever being furnished with an adjustable
weight, which regulates the valve to a slight degree beyond the ordinary
working pressure of the boiler. Inside the boiler another lever is arranged
turning on a fulcrum, and upon one end a float is attached, which rises and falls
with the level of the water. When the "water line" falls beneath the proper

page_text: level the float falls, and the opposite end of the lever rises and lifts the lever
connected to the valve, and thus opens the valve, and allows the water from
the boiler to pass into a pipe, which conducts it to the fires in the furnace, and
so prevents explosion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC BUFFING AND DRAWING APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by, Henry William Ford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
July 1860.
I, HENRY WILLIAM FORD, of the City of Gloucester, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC
BUFFING AND DRAWING APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists for the buffing apparatus in the use or employment
of an interior block plunger in each buffer over or upon which the hollow
plunger containing the spring slides during the action of the buffing, the
hollow plunger and its supporting case being of the usual description.
And for the drawing apparatus in the use or employment of one or more
cross heads, to which are attached the draw bars and side or check draw bars,
or chains, or any of them, so that strains upon them, or upon any of them, will
be distributed by the said cross heads over the spring or springs used and
placed upon the headstocks or other framing of the vehicles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUOYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd April 1860.-A communication from abroad by Francis Charles
Vannet, of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUOYS," (communicated to me from abroad by Francis
Charles Vannet, of Paris,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in affixing horizontally to an iron rod projecting
from the top of a buoy, constructed as hereafter described, one or more discs
or balls to act as a beacon or signal. The buoy is of the form of a double
cone, and is constructed in two sections, the lower of which, or actual buoy,
is of course water-tight; the upper section is hollow and has a hole at its
apex, through which the iron rod to which the discs or balls are attached
projects. This iron rod is suspended from or attached to the apex of the buoy
by gimbals, and has attached to its lower end within the hollow section of the
buoy a ball of sufficient weight to keep the iron rod always in a perpendicular
position in rough or troubled water, whatever be the position of the buoy.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SLIDE VALVES OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES, AND IN GEARING FOR WORKING THEM
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Graham Hope at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1860.
I, DAVID GRAHAM HOPE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SLIDE VALVES OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES, AND IN
GEARING FOR WORKING THEM," to be as follows:-
1. The improved slide valve is described in the fourth paragraph.
2. The gearing for working the slide valve consists of a combination of a
single excentric with rod, reversing link, valve rod, and hanging link.
3. The excentric which is set at right angle with the crank works a valve
without lap or lead, and the reverse motion is obtained by fixing the centre of
the reversing link to the reversing shaft arm, the excentric rod being coupled
to one end of the reversing link, and such end may represent either fore gear
or back gear, and as the centre of the link is fixed, so far as the slide valve is
concerned, the other end represents the opposite gear.
4. I use another valve (arranged upon the back of the valve referred to in
the third paragraph), which consists of a plain piece of metal having a wedge-
shaped recess, and in this recess there is a wedge, which may be brought down
to prevent any movement in the back valve, and so that such back valve may
cut off steam almost as soon as the first valve moves by lifting the wedge,
and thereby allowing the back valve more play, and the degree of expansion
may thus be varied to any required amount.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING CASES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Leslie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th August
1860.
I, GEORGE LESLIE, of the Mall, Hammersmith, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING CASES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
to be as follows, namely,-
The object of this Invention is to prevent casks getting mouldy when
emptied of their contents by the exclusion of air, and is effected by the fol-
lowing methods:-If fastened on the outside, I increase the size of the tap
hole to admit a tube or a frame of wire to act as a guide to a spring of metal,
vulcanized india-rubber, or other suitable material, attached to a cork or
stopper, which closes the whole on the withdrawal of the tap. The frame or
tube is fastened to a wooden block made to fit 'the enlarged hole, which has
a hole in its centre the usual size of the tap hole, and the whole is secured to
a plate of metal, and fastened to the cask. I also take a circle of elastic
material larger in diameter than the tap hole of the cask, and attach to it a
straight, spiral, or other suitable spring, either enclosed in a barrel or not as
may be found best; this is secured to a metallic frame, with a hole in its
centre about double the size of the tap hole. I then employ another piece
of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable material the size of the frame,
across which I cut a slit in the centre about two-thirds of its diameter; this I
also secure to the frame under the first mentioned, or to the cask over the

page_text: hole to be stopped as may be most convenient, and fix the whole inside the
cask. I also attach a circular piece of suitable material to the end of a flat
spring, the other end of which is to be fixed to the cask head in such a manner
that when the tap is driven in it pushes the spring back, and when withdrawn
the spring forces the material over the tap hole, which having been previously
covered with a piece of vulcanized india-rubber, slit in the manner previously
described, forms a valve which effectually excludes the air. I also employ
pieces of the elastic material in the form of a D, the same being fastened to a
suitable frame, the straight part of which covers one half of the circular hole
in such frame. I then take another piece or pieces of similar material, in
which I place a piece of rigid substance, the proper shape, leaving over the
edges in three or more places strips of the covering; these strips are secured
to the frame, one to act as a hinge, the others as springs to close up the other
half of the hole in the frame by bringing it closely in contact with the first
mentioned. I then take another piece of vulcanized india-rubber slit in the
centre, as before set forth, and secure it to the frame with its slit at right
angles to the straight side of the D-piece, or to the cask over the hole to be
stopped as may be found best, and the frame is then secured to the cask.
The effect of all these methods is to exclude the air, and preserve the casks
from mould.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EMPLOYING THE ELECTRIC LIGHT
Year: 1860

page_text: the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1860.
I, SERGE KROTKOFF, No. 1B, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EMPLOYING THE ELECTRIC LIGHT," to be as.
follows:-
The following are the advantages which accrue from my improved apparatus.
for the electric light:
1st, to diffuse the light equally on the entire space of which the electric
light occupies the centre.
2nd, to render the luminous rays supportable to the naked eye.
And, 3rd, to collect or unite an undetermined number of the lights, which
separately and collectively would participate in these advantages.
The above improvements are obtained by means of one or more reflectors
acting circularly in open spaces, and to which are added for covered spaces,
such as towns, reflectors acting obliquely to light up the street and interior
of houses.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CASTING STEEL TYRES FOR WHEELS, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO CASTING OTHER ARTICLES OF STEEL
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Carmont and William
Corbett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 17th April 1860.
We, WILLIAM CARMONT, of Clayton, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, and WILLIAM CORBETT, of the same Place, Iron and Steel Manu-
facturers do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN CASTING STEEL TYRES FOR WHEELS, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE
TO CASTING OTHER ARTICLES OF STEEL," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of preventing the defects or
seams," caused by the imperfect union of molten steel, when introduced or
poured into the mould as it flows around the "core" and arising from the
very rapid chilling, peculiar to steel.
Our improvement consists in running the molten steel in one mass into the
mould employed, and from one large opening, and afterwards rapidly forcing
the "core" downwards or into the molten mass, by means of screw or other
mechanical or steam power, thereby displacing the central portion of the fluid
metal and forcing it into the further extremities or limit of the mould, by
which means the casting is formed or cast in one entire piece, and is conse-
quently free from such imperfections as are usually caused in casting at the
junction or meeting of the streams of molten steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEA KETTLES AND FOUNTAINS, COFFEE POTS, CANS, SAUCEPANS, STEW PANS, PAILS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR CHARACTER FOR DOMESTIC USE, AND BATHS, WATERING POTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR DESCRIPTION
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Everett Austin Snuggs and John
Snuggs at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 7th July 1860.
We, EVERETT AUSTIN SNUGGS, of the Borough of New Windsor, in the
County of Berks, Ironmonger, and JoHN SNUGGS, of the same Place, Plumber,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF TEA KETTLES AND FOUNTAINS, COFFEE POTS, CANS, SAUCEPANS,
STEW PANS, PAILS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR CHARACTER FOR DOMESTIC
USE, AND BATHS, WATERING POTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR DESCRIPTION,"
to be as follows:-
Instead of making such articles entirely of tin, as at present, it is proposed to
make the whole thereof, except such portions as after-mentioned, of tin, and to
make the bottom of all such articles, and also the flange or tongue of the lid of
such of them as have lids, and the socket of the rose, and the portion of the spout
passing into such socket of watering pots and other similar articles of copper,
such copper to be tinned on both sides, or either side, or not tinned, at the
option of the Inventors, and to be fastened by means of soldering, welting, or
brazing, the welt to be made either inside or outside of the vessel, as the
Inventors may think most fit or convenient, and the seam or joint to be made
at any distance from the bottom to the top surface of any article, and in such
manner as the Inventors may
think fit.
The improvement effected will be to supply at a trifling increase of cost a
more durable article, and one less liable to rust internally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING AND SHAPING IRON AND STEEL FOR MANUFACTURING RAILWAY WHEELS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John. Dixon and Robert Clayton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 25th January 1860.
We, JOHN DIXON and ROBERT CLAYTON, both of Bradford, in the County of
York, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING AND SHAPING IRON AND STEEL FOR MANUFACTURING
RAILWAY WHEELS," to be as follows:-
In manufacturing railway wheels it is desirable to make that portion of the
bar which forms the felloe wider than the portions forming the spokes ; in
order to accomplish. this we make circular grooves in the rolls, of the shape of
the bar to be rolled; by this means, when a bar is passed between the rolls it
is left the full width at the part required for the felloe and reduced at the
parts forming the 'spokes, the ends of the spokes may be made bevelled at the
sides, when the nave is cast on, or they may be made taper and wider at
the ends when they are to be welded together to form a solid nave.
In reducing the width of the bar for the spokes, the metal may be entirely
or only partly removed; in the latter case, the metal projecting beyond the
width of the spoke can be punched, or sheared, or otherwise removed to make
the spokes of the required shape. The bars thus rolled can be perfectly flat,
or concave, or convex, either at the felloe, or the spoke, or both, or a rib or
ribs may be formed thereon.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN METAL TIES OR FASTENINGS FOR PACKING BALES OF COTTON, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO PACKING BALES OF MANUFACTURED GOODS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hughes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January
1860. A communication from abroad by Charles Hughes, of New
Orleans, America.
I, WILLIAM HUGHES, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN METAL TIES OR FASTENINGS FOR PACKING BALES OF COTTON, WOOL, OR
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO PACKING
BALES OF MANUFACTURED GOODS," a communication from abroad by Charles
Hughes, of New Orleans, America, to be as follows:-
In oue end of the tie band or boop I place one or more metal studs, the
heads of which are flattened after passing through the holes to prevent their
coming out, and yet allowing them to be free to be turned to different positions.
In the other end of the tie band or hoop I make a number of rectangular holes
or slots, somewhat larger than the heads of the studs, so that when the tie is
passed round the packed goods and the ends drawn tightly together, one or
more of the slots shall pass over one or more studs, the heads of which are
then immediately turned in a transverse direction, and extend over the sides of
the slots, and thereby firmly fasten the tie, band, or hoop, which operation can
be performed with great speed, and thus avoid the delay and inconvenience of
rivetting the ties as at present adopted.