нию аци DUIS гощ Working Loose.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Sept., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 7th June, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 8th Sept., 1888
voning нию аци DUIS гощ
Working Loose.
I, SAMUEL BAYLISS, of the firm of Bayliss, Jones and Bayliss, of Victoria
Works, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, bolt, nut and fencing manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
According to one part of this invention the nut blank is formed with a ring or
annular projection at its back or outer face, the interior of such ring or projection
forming a continuation of the lumen or bore of the hole through the nut blank
and one or more lumps are formed solid with the blank and ring or projection
and stand up from the face of the blank and outwards from the ring or projection.
These lumps may be conveniently formed as angle brackets similar to the brackets
frequently employed to strengthen the flanges of cast iron pipes. The entire length
of the hole which extends through the nut blank and through the ring or
projection formed thereon is tapped in the ordinary or any convenient manner,
and the lump or lumps are then pressed or forced down into the face of the nut
by means of a tool hollowed out on its face to clear the ring or projection afore-
said. The metal is thus caused to spread and distort the thread of the nut so as
to cause the nut to lock itself with very considerable tightness upon the bolt when
screwed up thereon or when the bolt is screwed up therein, and I find upon experiment
that the parts may be screwed together and unscrewed several times in succession
without material injury to the threads and still continue to operate in locking
themselves together with considerable tightness. An annular lump or secondary
ring or annular projection may be formed around the base of the first-mentioned
ring or annular projection in lieu of the lump or lumps aforesaid and be pressed
or forced down into the face of the nut in the manner described with reference to
the lump or lumps first described and with corresponding effect.
The ring or projection at the back or outer face of the nut forms a protection
o the end of the bolt and prevents it from becoming rusted up in cases in which
as is common) the bolt projects a thread or two only beyond the ordinary thickness
f the nut.

page_text: Instead of forming a lump or lumps or a secondary ring or annular projection
as described and pressing them down into the face of the nut as described an
indentation or indentations may be forced or pressed into the face of the nut in
position adjacent to the outer circumference of the ring or projection, and when a
single indentation only is produced it may if desired be of a circular shape entirely
surrounding the ring or annular projection first described.
According to another part of this invention the nut blank is formed with one
or more niches or recesses extending from such face for a part of the distance
inward from the side or sides of the nut towards the hole therethrough and
preferably for only a part of the distance towards the front or inner face of the nut.
A comparatively thin wall or walls is or are thus formed between the inner face of
the recess or niche or recesses or niches and the hole through the blank, and after the
blank has been screwed in the usual or any convenient manner the wall or walls
is or are pressed inwards by means of a suitable die or tool so as to distort the threads
of the nut and thus cause such nut to lock itself upon the bolt when screwed up
theroon or when such bolt is screwed up therein.
According to a further part of this invention the nut blank is formed with a recess
or niche or recesses or niches in the manner before described, extending only a part of
the distance from the outer face of the nut towards the opposite face, and in the
bottom of each recess or niche is formed a lump standing up from the bottom face of
the niche and preferably also joining in solid with the inner wall of the niche, and
such lump is pressed into the solid metal of the blank by means of a suitable tool after
the nut has been screwed thus causing the spreading of the metal and the distortion
of the thread for the corresponding purpose for which the threads in the previously
described modifications are distorted. In lieu of a lump in the bottom of each recess
an indentation may be forced or pressed into the bottom of such recess immediately
against the inner wall thereof by means of a suitable tool for the corresponding
purpose for which the lump when employed is forced into the solid metal of the nut.
Dated this 7th day of September 1887
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton and Walsall,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means for Preventing Nuts and Bolts from
Working Loose.
1, SAMUEL BAYLISS, of the firm of Bayliss Jones and Bayliss, of Victoria
Works, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, bolt, nut, and fencing manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by tho
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and the letters
of reference marked thereon (that is to say):-
:-
This invention relates to means of distorting some of the threads of a nut in
order to prevent it working loose upon the bolt, or the bolt working loose therein.
According to this invention the nut is formed of an inner end of the ordinary
square or hexagon shape and of an outer end of a lesser exterior diameter, and
preferably circular in shape, so as to form a shoulder between such parts; or, other-
wise, the nut may be formed of the usual shape and recesses or notches be formed in
the outer or top edge thereof so as to form shoulders at their lower or inner ends; and
lumps are formed in the angles of the shoulder or shoulders and are forced into the
solid metal of the nuts after the threads have been cut therein, by which means some
of such threads are distorted and operate, as they are screwed upon the bolts, to firmly
lock or hold the nuts upon the bolts; or instead of forcing in the lumps of metal as
described the distortion of some of the threads may be effected by punching down
metal in the shoulder or shoulders close up to the angle thereof.
Figures 1 and 2 are, respectively, a plan and elevation, shewn anglewise, of a nut
having a square part B and a circular part B1 of lesser diameter, and lumps of metal c¹ c²
formed in the angle of the shoulder between the parts Band B¹. Some of the threads
of the nut are distorted by forcing the lumps into the solid metal of the nut
preferably by means of a press tool which operates upon both the lumps at once, so
that after such operation of the tool the lumps are obliterated, or nearly so, according
to the degree of distortion required in the threads.
The effect produced upon the threads of the nut by the forcing in of the lumps is
not in all cases easily to be observed by the eye. In order to shew what usually
appears to be the effect I have had a nut sawn through vertically, after the distortion
of the threads, and have had a photograph made, shewing the interior of one half
thereof. Figure 1ª is an approximately exact copy of such photograph to the same
scale as the photograph itself. Figure 1b is a copy of a photograph of the nut
illustrated by figure 1, previously to the lumps being pressed down, and the nut sawn
in two. In this nut, which is of hexagon shape, three projections c¹ were employed.
The half nut figure 1ª corresponds to the back half of the nut figure 1b. It will be
observed, on reference to figure 1º, that parts of the threads in the upper half of the
nut are to some extent distorted downwards thus being thrown out of pitch or gauge

page_text: with the other parts of the threads and with the threads in the lower half of the nut ;
and it will be noticed also that the threads in the upper half of the nut are drawn
inwards towards the centre thus reducing their diameter, and that the degree to which
the threads are drawn inwards increases as their position is nearer to the outer or top
face of the nut. The downward distortion of the threads of the nut acts upon the
threads of the bolt, as the nut is screwed up thereon, in a manner tending to force
some of the threads slightly out of true pitch or gauge with the remaining threads of
the bolt and thus causes the nut to lock firmly on the bolt. This action or result
corresponds with that described, with reference to the locking of a nut upon a bolt, in
the specification of an invention entitled "Improvements in means for preventing nuts
and bolts or other screwed parts from working loose" for which Letters Patent were
granted to William Bayliss and Robert Howarth dated the 12th May 1884,
Number 7589. The inward distortion of the threads, appears to take place more or
less around the entire circuit of the threads, but chiefly at the parts thereof which
are adjacent to the sites of the lumps, and the effect of such inward distortion is,
obviously, to cause the nut to bind or grip tightly upon the bolt and thereby increase
its holding power.
In figures 3 and 4, which correspond, respectively, to figures 1 and 2 but are shown
on the square, an annular lump c¹ c¹ is shewn in lieu of and for the corresponding
purpose to the lumps shewn by figures 1 and 2 ; in figures 5 and 6, of which figure
corresponds to figure 1, and figure 6 is a vertical section on line xx of figure 5,
dents ce are shewn as impressed into the shoulder instead of forcing in lumps; and
in figures 7 and 8, of which figuro 7 corresponds to figure 3 and figure 8 is a
vertical section through the centre of the nut, a circular indentation c¹ c¹ is shewn as
impressed around the angle of the shoulder.
In figures 9 and 10, which correspond, respectively, to figures 7 and 8, the nut is
shown to be of the same shape throughout its entire thickness and to have notches d d
formed in the top edges thereof. Lumps d¹ dare left in the angles at the bottom of
these notches, and some of the threads of the nut are distorted by forcing the lumps
into the solid metal of the nut, preferably by means of a press tool which operates
upon both the lumps at once. In figures 11 and 12 indentations d' d' are shewn to be
impressed into the bottoms of the notches instead of forcing in lumps.
In all these cases, though the exact effect on the threads of the nuts varies to some
extent, the spreading of the metal consequent on the forcing in of the lumps or the
punching in of the metal produces a distortion of some of the threads of the nuts which
causes them to lock or bind tightly upon the bolts, and the nuts may be screwed and
unscrewed upon the bolts several times in succession without material injury to the
threads and still continue to bind tightly on the bolts.
The distortion of the threads of the nut according to this invention is, of course,
effected, in every case previously to the screwing of the nut upon a bolt, that is to
'say, previously to the employment of the bolt and nut for the purpose for which they
may be required, and is not effected in situ.
In all cases in which lumps or indentations (and notches when such are used) have
been described in connection with a nut, one lump, or indentation (and notch) only,
or any convenient number may, of course, be used.
When a ring or projection B¹ of lesser diameter than the main part B of the nut
is formed at the back or outer face thereof for the purpose above described it may
form an addition to the ordinary depth of the nut, so as to act as a protection to the
end of the bolt and prevent it becoming rusted up in cases in which the bolt projects
a thread or two only beyond the ordinary thickness of the nut.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In screw nuts shoulders formed between their front and back faces and the metal
in the angles of such shoulders forced in so as to distort some of the threads,
substantially as described for the nurse
cat furth

page_text: 2. In screw nuts shoulders formed between their front and back faces and lumps
which have been formed in the angles of the shoulders forced into the solid metal of
the nuts so as to distort some of the threads thereof, substantially as described, for the
purpose set forth.
3. In screw nuts shoulders formed between their front and back faces and the metal
at the angles of the shoulders indented so as to distort some of the threads, sub-
stantially as described, for the purpose set forth.
4. In screw nuts notches formed in their top or outer edges in the bottoms or
inner ends of which lumps are forced down or indentations punched in to distort
some of the threads, substantially as described, for the purpose set forth.
5. The several modifications according to which threads of screw nuts are distorted
for the purpose of preventing the nuts from working loose upon their bolts, or the
bolts working loose therein, substantially as described and shewn by the drawings
herewith.