Improvements in and relating to Gas or Oil Stoves.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Gas or Oil Stoves.
I, EDWARD BURDEN, of Desboro Villa, Dysart Road, Grantham, in the County
of Lincoln, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to gas or oil stoves and has for its object to provide a
stove in which a luminous flame is employed and in which the air to support
combustion and the gas to be consumed are initially heated so as thereby to
effectively oxidise the combustible gas so that the resulting products which may
be discharged into the atmosphere of the room shall be innocuous: and a stove
in which effective provision shall be made for inducing circulation of air so that
thereby warm air shall be disseminated throughout the apartment in which the
stove is placed.
My invention consists in the provision of a regenerative burner as a chamber
of comparatively small width and of relatively large superficial area having
the burner or burners whence the flame or flames issue so disposed that the
chamber shall be heated by the flames so, as to prepare the gas for complete com-
bustion.
My invention further consists in arranging a regenerative burner as a pipe
of loop form having the burner or burners whence the flame or flames issue so
disposed that the plane of the flat flame shall be parallel and in close proximity
to the loop the gas passing first through the loop being thus heated, and thence
to the burner.
My invention also consists in the arrangement and design of a gas or oil stove
in which the air for supporting combustion is conducted from an orifice or per-
forations in the outer casing at the upper part thereof downwardly to an air
chamber situated at the lower part or base of the stove, such air chamber having
a central upper plate perforated so that the air may issue through to the central
space above where the burner or burners are provided. so that the air in its
downward passage may be heated by the radiant heat from the walls of the pass-
age so as thereby to ensure perfect combustion of the flame or flames and so
obviate the dissemination of deleterious products of incomplete combustion that
generally ensue in the use of ordinary gas stoves.
My invention further consists of certain modifications in the design of gas or
oil stoves which are hereafter described as applied.
In carrying my invention into effect in the provision of a regenerative burner
for use more particularly in gas stoves I provide a burner chamber of conical
form and of uniform depth having a gas inlet thereto preferably beneath the
chamber at its apex so that the gas may pass from the centre outwardly and
downwardly. the lower peripheral edges of the chamber being preferably out-
wardly and upwardly diverted, to such an extent as to permit of the burners
which are provided thereupon to be in line with the face of the cone, which is

page_text: of such a length that the flat flames issuing from the respective burners shall
not meet at the apex.
In the employment of such a burner it will be understood that the gas in its
passage to the jets is heated so as thereby to ensure complete combustion.
In accordance with another modification I provide the regenerative burner
in the shape of a dome having an annular space of uniform width and having
its lower peripheral edge diverted at right angles to the circular face of the
dome shaped chamber so that the burners may be provided thereupon in line
with the face of the dome and in such position that the flames may heat the
chamber so as to initially heat the combustible gas in its passage therethrough.
In accordance with another modification I may provide the regenerative burner
as a flat chamber preferably of uniform depth and having its lower edge diverted
at right angles to the face of the chamber, and provided with one or a series
of burner jets at such a distance from the face of the chamber that radiant heat
may be communicated thereto and the gas within the chamber thereby initially
heated in its passage there through. Instead of a flat chamber a flat surface may
be formed by the supply pipe or by a pipe emanating therefrom which is alter-
nately bent in one direction and the other in zig-zag or other formations so as
to form a flat surface while employing a single pipe.
In carrying my invention into effect according to another modification I pro-
vide the supply pipe with an intermediate loop or with a series of loops there-
upon, which carry the burners at the end of one stem and are so disposed that the
plane of the flat flames emanating therefrom shall correspond to that of the loops
the gas passing from the supply pipe up the one stem and down the other to the
burners, while the burners are disposed in such proximity to the loops that the
loops may be heated so that hot gas may pass through the burners. Or I may
provide convolutions of tube emanating from the supply pipe which may be
vertically or horizontally disposed, and when the supply pipe is horizontally
disposed the convolutions of tube may afford a large area to absorb the radiant
heat from the flame or flames in proximity thereto.
By the use of such regenerative burner chambers as hereinbefore described it
will be understood that the supply pipe may be led up from the base of the stove
and that no necessity exists of carrying the supply pipe to the top of the stove
in order that the initial heating of the gas to be burned may be effected.
In carrying my invention into effect in the provision of a gas or oil stove, I
provide an outer casing of metal or other suitable material such as stoneware
or earthenware, and I divide such casing by suitable partitions of metal or other
material into a central burner chamber and lateral spaces so that air may pass
from the upper part of the stove through a lateral orifice or perforations to the
lower part or base of the casing to an air chamber situated beneath the central
burner chamber of the stove, such air chamber having an upper perforated plate
through which the air may pass to the central burner chamber, the burner being
provided immediately above such plate and being preferably a regenerative
burner of the type hereinbefore described, and having its supply pipe passing
centrally up from the base of the stove through the air chamber. At the upper
part of the central burner chamber an inset of firebrick or other suitable refractory
material or ware is provided and is preferably of such a form as to contract the
upper part of the central chamber so that thereby the heated products may pass
in contact with the face of the inset. Such inset is for convenience preferably
formed in two or more parts and is supported within the central chamber of the
stove by means of suitable carrying brackets provided for the purpose. The
inset may be formed hollow but is preferably formed with recesses on either
side through which the upwardly issuing gases may have a through passage so
that thereby a maximum area may intercept the gases so that the refractory inset
may be maintained at an uniform temperature. The longitudinal spaces on
either side of the central burner chamber have provided therein an internal tube
of smaller diameter connected to the lower plate of the air chamber at the base

page_text: and to the upper plate of the stove, so that air may issue from below for the
purpose of inducing circulation, the air passing up and issuing out from the
upper part of the stove.
The stove is preferably provided with a top perforated at its centre and at the
side so as to permit of the free passage of the upwardly issuing gases and air
there-through.
The stove is preferably supported upon a base or feet for maintaining it at a
suitable distance above the level of the floor so that perfect access may be afforded
for the air to pass through the central tube upon either side thereof.
A refractory grid may be provided to rest upon the upper part of the refractory
inset so as to offer further interception to the gases in their upward passage.
I may provide the inset of refractory material as a circular tube mounted within
the casing of circular form the exterior surface of the tube forming the inner
sides of an annulus through which the air may downwardly pass to the air cham-
ber at the base, the air entering the annular space through perforations or
orifices provided in the upper part of the casing, tubes being provided in the
upper part of the casing and in length corresponding to the inner refractory
tube through which air may pass from the side for the purpose of inducing cir-
culation, one, two or more such air circulating tubes may be provided of oval or
other shape having one extremity connected to the upper plate by which the
upper extremity of the refractory tube is also held, while the other extremities
are outwardly diverted to the exterior of the casing thus conveniently employing
the annular space between the outer casing and the inner refractory tube. The
refractory tube is supported by means of the burner chamber, and the circulating
air tubes may be formed integral with the upper part thereof.
When utilising a circular casing I may provide an inner tube to form the
burner chamber at its lower part while at its upper part I mount a refractory
tube or flue which provides a contracted space or passage through which gases
may pass such tube or flue being supported by means of brackets provided upon
the inner tube. The refractory flue or tube may be recessed at the back and the
recesses so formed that a clear passage may be provided for the gases upon the
exterior as well as the interior thereof, while a circular guard or baffle may be
surmounted so as to guide the air and gases inwardly against the top of the outer
casing, suitable perforations being arranged in circular series upon the top for
the gases to issue out. It is to be understood that an annular space is formed
through which air may pass through suitable perforations or orifices provided in
the upper part of the outer casing downwardly to the bottom of the burner
chamber. The separate air chamber at the base might be dispensed with.
Any form of a regenerative burner of the type hereinbefore described may
be used.
In carrying my invention into effect according to another modification, in-
stead of employing two longitudinal passages for the initial heating of the air
to be passed to the burner chamber, 1 may arrange the air to pass from below
through a passage provided on one side of the stove casing, then through side
flues provided upon the front and back of the upper part of the casing contiguous
to the refractory inset, then again downwardly upon the other side of the stove
casing to the air chamber situated beneath the central burner chamber, the air
passing up through the upper perforated plate of the air chamber as herein-
before described. The refractory inset is laid in the spaces between the side
flues previously referred to and the air in its passage through such side flues will
be heated thereby, while a further grid or series of refractory blocks preferably
of V shape in their disposition in line provide a series of gradual narrowing
spaces, so that thereby a relatively great area may be provided for the inter-
ception of the gases in their upward passage. I may, however, provide the sides
of the side flues to be completed by means of the refractory inset so that thereby
the air shall come into actual contact with the sides of the refractory material.
In such a case the stove body may have its upper part of dome shape and the

page_text: refractory inset may be provided of a corresponding shape with flanges upon the
upper edges which engage with the sides of the casing. In such a design how-
ever an outer casing may be employed surrounding the central inner casing, the
intermediate space being preferably employed as a passage for air from the
base of the stove. Such outer casing may be simply provided upon the sides and
top.
In carrying my invention into effect in accordance with another modification
in the employment of a body of stoneware such as that known as "Majolica
ware," I provide the stove body with a hood in which an air space is formed in
communication with air spaces provided upon each side through which the air
may pass from the base of the stove issuing out in front of the mouth of the
burner chamber so as thereby to further induce a circulation of air. The front
of the burner chamber is upwardly diverted beneath the hood and has a front
plate of mica or other similar suitable material through which the flames may be
seen. Within the stove a metal lining is mounted and an intermediate space is
thereby provided along the back and bottom of the stove through which air may
pass downwardly from the upper part of the stove through suitable perforations
or orifices therein formed to the base of the stove where perforations are formed
in the metal lining through which the air may pass to the interior of the stove
where the burner or burners is or are mounted.
I may provide the burner chamber with a double lining the one in close con-
tact with the body of the stove the other so distant as to provide a passage between
for the air to support combustion. In such a case the outer lining may be con-
tinued to the upper part of the stove so that the air may then be preferably
introduced from a lower part of the body of the stove, first passing upwardly and
then downwardly through to the lower part of the stove where perforations in
the inner lining permit of the issue of the air to the burner chamber. Such
arrangement therefore affords a tortuous passage for the entering air. The out-
let from the burner chamber instead of being downwardly diverted may simply
issue outward horizontally.
Instead of employing a body of stoneware a metal casing may be used and a
vertical fire brick lining or tube may be introduced from the front, being of
such a length and shape that it may be withdrawn for renewal of the lining by
the mere withdrawal of certain retaining flanges provided at the outlet. In such
a case the upper back part of the stove is formed as a hood through which the
air to support combustion may be introduced, with the back part protruding
within the upper hooded part, while an inner partition may be provided in
proximity to the back of the casing by which the firebrick lining may be carried
while its lower part forms the wall of the burner chamber. It will be readily
understood that the air to support combustion thus passes under the hooded
back part of the casing then downwardly between the back of the casing and the
inner partition and thence to the burner chamber.
In carrying my invention into effect according to another modification I
arrange tubes of refractory material horizontally disposed within the stove casing
such tubes issuing preferably upon the front of the casing and passing through
to a vertical air Hue disposed at the back of the casing in communication with
the air chamber at the base thereof. The tubes may be of any convenient number
such as three and so arranged as to provide spaces between, through which the
gases and air may pass from the burner chamber.
In carrying my invention into effect according to another modification I pro-
vide a tube or flue of refractory material or a series of such tubes which are suit-
ably held in position upon the burner chamber and within the stove. I provide
the front face of the stove perforated for the admission of air so as to pass in
contact with the exterior of the tubes thereby becoming heated and passing down
along the back of the burner chamber issuing from below to feed the flames
An air circulating tube or space may be provided along the back thereof through
which air may pass from the back of the stove casing.

page_text: In carrying my invention into effect in the provision of a stove where a front
door is employed I may provide a guard to protect the burner and to guide the
air upwardly so that thereby a steady flame may be maintained which is not
impaired by draughts entering through the interstices in the casing.
In any of the stoves herein before described the casing may be provided with
apertures for receiving cooking utensils.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.
Improvements in and relating to Gas or Oil Stoves.
I, EDWARD BURDEN, of Desboro Villa, Dysart Road, Grantham, in the County
of Lincoln, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
-
My invention relates to stoves and has for its object to provide a burner or
stove in which the air to support combustion and the gas or vapour to be con-
sumed are initially heated to secure perfect combustion and so that the resulting
products which may be discharged into the atmosphere of the room shall be
innocuous and a stove in which effective provision shall be made for inducing
circulation of air so that thereby warm air shall be disseminated throughout
the apartment in which the stove is placed.
My invention consists of a regenerative burner of comparatively small depth
or width and of relatively large superficial area having the burner or burners
whence the flame or flames issue so disposed that the chamber shall be heated
by the flames so as to prepare the gas or vapour for complete combustion.
My invention further consists in the arrangement of a regenerative burner as a
pipe of loop form having the burner or burners whence the flame or flames issue,
so disposed that the plane of the flat flame shall be parallel or disposed in close
proximity to the loop, the gas or vapour passing first through the loop, being thus
heated, and thence to the burner.
My invention also consists in the arrangement and design of a gas or oil stove
in which the air for supporting combustion is conducted from an orifice or per-
forations in the outer casing at the upper part thereof downwardly to an air
chamber situated at the lower part or base of the stove, such air chamber having
a central upper plate perforated so that the air may issue through to the con-
tral space above where the burner or burners are provided, so that the air in
its downward passage may be heated by the radiant heat from the walls of the
passage, so as thereby to ensure perfect combustion of the flame or flames and so
obviate the dissemination of deletorious products of incomplete combustion that
generally ensue in the use of ordinary gas stoves.
My invention further consists of certain modifications in the design of gas
or oil stoves which are hereafter described as applied.
My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Figures 1 to 11 illustrate various forms of regenerative gas or oil vapour
burners made in accordance with the invention.
Figures 12 to 27 illustrate various forms of gas or oil stoves made in accord-
ance with the invention and in which such regenerative burners are shown as
applied.

page_text: Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a regenerative gas or vapour burner of
conical form.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of a regenerative gas or vapour burner of
dome shape.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of a modified form to that shown in Figure 2,
and Figure 2b is a plan corresponding thereto.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of a regenerative gas or vapour burner of flat
or saddle form and
Figure 4 is a front elevation corresponding thereto.
Figure 5 is a part sectional elevation of a regenerative gas or vapour burner
of a modified form to that shown in Figures 3 and 4 and Figure 6 is a front ele-
vation corresponding thereto; and
Figure 7 illustrates an end elevation two such gas or vapour burners arranged
back to back.
Figures 8 and 9 are respectively side and front elevation of an arrangement
of regenerative gas or vapour burner as a loop.
Figures 10 and 11 are similar views to Figures 8 and 9 of a modification in
construction.
Figure 12 is a sectional elevation of a stove made in accordance with my
invention and
Figure 13 is a section corresponding thereto on the line ab Figure 12.
Figures 14 and 15 are similar views to Figures 12 and 13 of a modification
in construction.
Figure 16 is a sectional elevation of a further modification in construction.
Figures 17 and 18 are respectively front and side sectional elevation of another
modification in construction, while, Figures 19 and 20 are similar views of a
further modification.
Figure 21 is a sectional elevation of a stove made of stone ware according to
my invention.
Figures 22 and 23 are sectional elevations of alternative constructions of stove
according to my invention.
Figures 24 and 25 are respectively sectional side and front elevations of a
stove in which horizontal flue tubes are employed.
Figures 26 and 27 are respectively side and front sectional elevations of a stove
in which a series of flue tubes are employed, while Figure 28 is a sectional eleva-
tion of a burner applied for use as a grid or boiling burner.
In carrying my invention into effect as illustrated in the accompanying draw-
ings in the provision of a regenerative burner for use more particularly in gas
stoves I provide a burner chamber A, Figure 1, of conical form and of uniform
depth having a gas inlet B thereto preferably beneath the chamber A at its
apex a so that the gas may pass from the centre outwardly and downwardly,
the lower peripheral edges a¹ of the chamber A being preferably outwardly and
upwardly diverted, to such an extent as to permit of the burners c which are pro-
vided thereupon to be in line with the face of the cone A, which is of such a
length that the flat flames issuing from the respective burners shall not meet at
the apex.
The burner chambers A are made from cast or wrought metal by uniting
two cones A2 A2 at their outwardly diverted edges a¹ a¹. The one cone A¹ beneath
the other A may be secured to it by brasing or spinning the edges a¹ a¹; or
when made of cast metal the one cone may be screwed upon the other or other-
wise tightly secured thereto. The gas is led into the chamber A by means of
the supply pipe B which is screwed within a nipple or ferrule b provided at the
apex of the lower cone, or otherwise secured thereto.
In the employment of such a burner it will be understood that the gas in its
passage to the jets is heated so as thereby to secure complete combustion.
This pattern of regenerative burner chamber is designed for stoves of square

page_text: or circular form and for other forms such as those of relatively small height;
or where a series of such burners may be arranged together in a cluster or in line.
In accordance with another modification illustrated in Figure 2 I provide the
regenerative burner chamber A in the shape of a dome having an annular space
of uniform width and having its lower peripheral edges a¹ a diverted at right
angles to the circular face of the dome shaped chamber A so that the burners c
may be provided thereupon in line with the face of the dome and in such position
that the flames may heat the chamber so as to initially heat the combustible
gas in its passage therethrough.
Instead of the regenerative chamber being cylindrical it may slope inwards
towards its edge as illustrated in Figures 2" 2b. In this case the chamber is
formed of three parts, viz. the inner part A', the outer casing A2, A3 and the
top A each part being preferably stamped from sheet metal and brazed to
the other at the edges. The gas or vapour supply pipe B is led into the cham-
ber A at the interior upper part of the dome while the flames issue from burners
provided upon the downwardly diverted edges a¹ so as to pass outwardly parallel
with the inwardly sloping interior faces of the chamber.
In accordance with another modification illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 I may
provide the regenerative burner as a flat chamber A preferably of uniform depth
and having its lower edge a diverted at right angles to the face of the chamber,
and provided with one or a series of burner jets c at such a distance from the
face of the chamber that radiant heat may be communicated thereto and the gas
or vapour within the chamber thereby initially heated in its passage there-
through. Gas or vapour is led into the chamber by means of the supply pipe B
brazed to the edge of the chamber A.
This pattern of regenerative chamber is designed for stoves that are relatively
long and narrow and where a separate air chamber is not employed as in the
construction illustrated in Figures 26 and 27 of the accompanying drawings.
The chamber A (Figures 3 and 4) may be modified in shape, so that its upper
part may have a curved or arched formation as illustrated in Figures 5, 6, and 7,
in which case the supply pipe B may be led into the chamber at its upper edge A",
and the angle or corner a³ may be brazed to the supply pipe B. This construc-
tion of the chamber permits of the chamber being well exposed to the flames at
its curved or arched upper part; and may be employed in large heating stoves
for use in halls and public buildings. In such case the air may be caused to
pass directly upward from a hot air chamber situated beneath.
In carrying my invention into effect according to another modification as illus-
trated in Figures 8 and 9, I provide the supply pipe B with an intermediate
loop B¹ or with a series of loops thereupon, which carry the burners c at the end
of a transverse stem 132 and is so disposed that the plane of the flat flames emana-
ting therefrom shall correspond to that of the loops 131, the gas or vapour passing
from the supply pipe B up the one stem of the loop and down the other to the
burners c, while the burners c are disposed in such proximity to the loop or
loops B that the gas or vapour passing through may be heated before passing
to the burners.
Separate transverse stems B2 for the reception of the burners e may be dis-
pensed with as illustrated in the modification of Figures 10 and 11. In these
figures the supply pipe B is formed of an inverted channel 3 having a central
web or partition forming two separate spaces covered by the bottom plate b
which is rivetted in position and gas tight joints are ensured along the con-
tiguous edges by the use of suitable cementing material. The loops B₁ have
their extremities expanded into holes provided in the channel 3 and communi-
cate from to the other of the spaces formed,-the gas or vapour being led into
the one while from the other the gas or vapour passes to the burners e screwed
therein as illustrated. By such means all the gas or vapour before being burned
must pass through the loops and thereby be subjected to the action of heat before
being burnt in the flame.

page_text: The invention is not limited to the actual shape of the loops described and
illustrated, as it is obvious for example that the loops may be horizontal instead
of vertical and the supply pipe vertical instead of horizontal while a number
of convolutions may be employed in one loop so as to thereby provide a large
area upon which heat may be radiated from the flames. By the provision of
loops or convolutions in this fashion it is possible to inexpensively provide dur-
able regenerative burners of any required heating capacity.
By the use of such regenerative burner chambers as herein before described it
will be understood that the supply pipe may be led up from the base of the stove
and that no necessity exists of carrying the supply pipe to the top of the stove
in order that the initial heating of the gas or vapour to be burned may be
effected.
In carrying my invention into effect in the provision of a gas or oil stove as
illustrated in Figures 12 and 13, I provide an outer casing E of metal or other
suitable material such as stone or earthenware and I divide such casing by suit-
able partitions of metal or other material into a central burner chamber F and
lateral spaces GG so that air may pass from the upper part of the stove through
lateral orifices or perforations gg to the lower part or base of the casing E to an
air chamber H situated beneath the central burner chamber F of the stove, such
air chamber H having an upper perforated plate H¹ through which the air may
pass to the central burner chamber F. the burner A being provided immediately
above such plate H¹ and being preferably a regenerative burner of the type here-
inbefore described, and having its supply pipe B passing centrally up from the
base of the stove E through the air chamber H. At the upper part of the central
burner chamber F an inset I of firebrick or other suitable refractory material
or ware is provided and is preferably of such a form as to contract the upper part
of the central chamber so that thereby the heated product may pass in contact
with the face of the inset. Such inset I is for convenience preferably formed
in two parts II and is supported within the central chamber of the stove by
means of suitable carrying brackets J provided for the purpose. The inset may
be formed hollow at its sides 23, 3 but is preferably formed with a through way
on either side as indicated through which the upwardly issuing gases pass so that
thereby a maximum area of the inset may intercept the products of combustion
and the refractory inset be maintained at a uniform temperature. The lateral
spaces G, G, on either side of the central burner chamber F may have provided
therein an internal tube K of smaller diameter connected to the lower plate E
of the air chamber at the base and to the upper plate E2 of the stove, so that air
may issue from below for the purpose of inducing circulation, the air passing up
and issuing out from the upper part of the stove.
The stove is preferably provided with a top L perforated at its centre and at
the side so as to permit of the free passage of the upwardly issuing products of
combustion therethrough.
The stove is preferably supported upon a base E3 or foot for maintaining it
at a suitable distance above the level of the floor so that perfect access may be
afforded for the air to pass through the central tube upon either side thereof.
A refractory grid M may be provided to rest upon the upper part of the refrac-
tory inset I so as to offer further interception to the products of combustion on
their upward passage.
As illustrated in Figure 14 and 15 I may provide the inset I of refractory
material as a circular tube mounted within the casing E of circular form, the
exterior surface of the tube forming the inner sides of an annulus G¹ through
which the air may downwardly pass to the air chamber H at the base, the air
entering the annular space G₁ through perforations or orifices 9 provided in the
upper part of the casing tubes K¹ being provided in the upper part of the
casing E and in length corresponding to the inner refractory tube I through
which air may pass from the side for the purpose of inducing circulation.
One, two or more such air circulating tubes may be provided of oval or other

page_text: shape having one extremity connected to the upper plate E by which
the upper extremity of the refractory tube I is also held while the
other extremities are outwardly diverted and secured to the exterior
of the casing, thus conveniently employing the annular space between the outer
5 casing E and the inner refractory tube I. The refractory tube I is supported by
means of the burner chamber F, and the circulating air tubes K¹ may be formed
integral with the upper part thereof.
When utilising a circular casing I may provide as illustrated in Figure 16
an inner tube F to form the burner chamber at its lower part while at its upper
part I mount a refractory tube or flue i which provides a contracted space or
passage through which gases may pass, such tube or flue i being supported by
means of brackets J provided upon the inner tube F. The refractory flue or
tube may be recessed at the back and the recesses ¹ so formed that a clear
passage may be provided for the gases upon the exterior as well as the interior
thereof, while a circular guard or baffle M may be surmounted upon the tube F
so as to guide the products of combustion inwardly against the top of the outer
casing E, suitable perforations being arranged in circular series upon the top
for the gases to issue out. It is to be understood that an annular space is formed
between the tube F and case E through which air may pass through suitable
perforations or orifices provided in the upper part of the outer casing E down-
wardly to the bottom of the burner chamber F. The separate air chamber at
the base is here dispensed with.
Any form of a regenerative burner of the type hereinbefore described may
be used.
In carrying my invention into effect according to another modification as
illustrated in Figures 17 and 18 instead of employing two vertical passages for
the initial heating of the air to be passed to the burner chamber, I may arrange
the air to pass from below through a passage G2 provided on one side of the
stove casing E, then through side flues G3 G3 provided upon the front and back
of the upper part of the casing E, then again downwardly through the passage G4
upon the other side of the stove casing E to the air chamber H situated beneath
the central burner chamber F, the air passing up through the upper perforated
plate H of the air chamber as hereinbefore described. The refractory inset M
may be laid in the spaces between the side fiues previously referred to and the
air in its passage through such side flues will be heated thereby while a grid
or series of refractory bars M¹ preferably of V shape and integral with the
inset M in their disposition in line provide a series of gradual narrowing
spaces m so that thereby a relatively great area may be provided for the intercep-
tion of the products of combustion in their upward passage. In this case a flat
burner such as that illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 may be employed and an
inclined door or front E5 permits of the light and heat from the flames being
fully and upwardly radiated.
may, however, provide the sides of the side flues to be completed by means of
the refractory inset Ia as illustrated in Figures 19 and 20 so that thereby the
air shall come into actual contact with the sides of the refractory material. In
such a case the stove body may have its upper part of dome shape and the refrac-
tory inset may be provided of a corresponding shape with flanges m¹ upon the
upper edges which engage with the sides of the casing E. In such a design
however, an outer casing E6 may be employed surrounding the central inner
casing E, the intermediate space G5 being preferably employed as a passage for
air from the base of the stove. Such outer casing may be simply provided around
the sides and the top of stove.
In carrying my invention into effect in accordance with another modification
as illustrated in Figure 21 of the accompanying drawings in the employment
of a body of stoneware such as that known as majolica ware I provide the
stove body E' with a hood Es while the front of the burner chamber E is up-
"

page_text: wardly diverted beneath the hood E8 and has a front plate of mica E10 or other
similar suitable material through which the flames may be seen.
I provide the burner chamber F with a double lining E" E the one E12 in
close contact with the body of the stove E at the other E" so distant and so
secured to the other by distance pieces e as to provide a passage G6 G7 between
for the air to support combustion. In such a case the outer lining E12 is con-
tinued to the upper part of the stove so that the air may then be preferably
introduced from a lower orifice G12 of the body of the stove E7, first passing up-
wardly and then downwardly through to the lower part of the stove into the
air chamber H where perforations in the lining H¹ permit of the issue of the
air to the burner chamber F. Such arrangement therefore affords a tortuous
passage for the entering air. The outlet from the burner chamber F instead of
being downwardly diverted may simply issue outward horizontally. A pipe or
pipes K2 may be employed to assist in the circulation of air.
66
Figure 22 illustrates a modification in design of stove made with a body of
stoneware such as majolica." In this case the casing is formed in two parts
a base E and a body E¹³ mounted thereon. Within the exterior stoneware casing
is fitted a circular double metal casing E F within which there is an annular
space through which air passes in from orifices Y issuing out from orifice Y¹
to the burner chamber F. The double casing E F is formed with a central aper-
ture within which is supported a flue tube I. Between the exterior of the
casing EF and the exterior stoneware casing E are lateral or annular spaces K6
up which air may pass from orifices provided in the base E. The upper part
of the exterior stoneware casing E₁ is of less diameter than its lower part and is
lined on the interior with a tube E6 whose base is perforated and secured to the
top of the casing E F and carries at its upper extremity a retaining plate Ea
by which the upper end of the flue tube I is held. It will be understood that the
air to support combustion partly passes up the passages K, and partly down
the orifices Y to the burner chamber thence centrally upwardly through the
flue tube I.
Instead of employing a body of stoneware a metal casing E F may be used as
illustrated in Figure 23 and a vertical firebrick flue or tube I may be employed.
In such a case the air to support combustion is introduced from behind while
an inner partition E may be provided in proximity or affixed to the back of the
casing E to guide the air passing through the orifice G" through passages G³
to the rear of the burner chamber F thence into the chamber through the aper-
ture therein. The firebrick flue or tube I is supported upon the top of the
burner chamber F, and its upper end is retained by the plate L³ the products
issuing upwardly through the hood L' and may pass out upwardly or laterally
as the flap closes the aperture L³ or Lº.
In this case the burner and burner chamber are similar to those employed in
the construction represented in Figures 17 and 18 of the accompanying drawings
but in this case an air chamber is dispensed with.
In carrying my invention into effect according to another modification as illus-
trated in Figures 24 and 25 I arrange tubes I of refractory material horizontally
disposed within the stove casing E such tubes issuing preferably upon the front
of the casing and passing through to a vertical air flue G disposed at the back
of the casing E in communication with the air chamber F at the base thereof.
The tubes I may be of any convenient number such as three and so arranged
as to provide spaces between, through which the products of combustion may pass
from the burner chamber as indicated.
In carrying my invention into effect according to another modification as illus-
trated in Figures 26 and 27 I provide a tube or flue I of refractory material or a
series of such tubes I which are suitably held in position upon the burner cham-
ber F and within the stove casing E. I provide the front face E of the casing
perforated for the admission of air so as to pass in contact with the exterior of
the tubes I thereby becoming heated and passing down along the back of the

page_text: burner chamber F issuing from below to feed the flames. An air circulating
tube or space K³ may be provided along the back thereof through which air may
pass from the back of the stove casing and issue out through the top L.
In any of the stoves hereinbefore described the casing may be provided with
apertures for receiving cooking utensils.
Further the burners herein before described and more especially the conical
burner as hereinbefore described is applicable for use in a cooking stove, and
is also for example applicable for use upon a grid or boiling burner, as illustrated
in Figure 28. In the construction illustrated in that Figure an outer casing R
is provided within which is contained an inner casing S which carries an inner
circular perforated flange S¹. A rim T is provided to be removably fitted or
screwed upon the casing R and carries a central partition T', which when
the rim is placed in position upon the casing coincides and bears
upon the flange of the casing S while the inner edge T2 of the rim coin-
cides and bears upon the perforated flange S¹ so that thereby the air to support
the combustion of the flames of the burner passes upwardly upon the exterior of
the inner casing S thence downwardly around the partition T¹ to the space
between the casing S and the perforated flange S1 carried thereby the air thence
issuing to the burner. A grid or supporting plate U may be superposed upon
the rim T.
I may provide a guard 0, Figure 21, of mica or other suitable material to
protect the burner A and to guide the air upwardly so that thereby a steady
flame may be maintained which is not impaired by draughts through the inter-
stices in the casing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. Gas or vapour burners substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described.
2. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a chamber of comparatively small
width or depth and of relatively large superficial area, and burner jets issuing
from the chamber and so disposed that the flames lie in proximity to the face
of the chamber, so that thereby the gas or vapour is heated before issuing from
the burner jets, substantially as described.
3. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a chamber of substantially conical
form and of a width or depth comparatively small having burner jets issuing
therefrom and so disposed that the flames lie in proximity to the chamber, so
that thereby the gas or vapour is heated before issuing from the burner jets.
4. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a chamber of substantially conical
form and of a width or depth comparatively small, having a peripheral diverted
edge from which burner jets issue, which jets are so disposed that the flames lie
in proximity to the chamber, so that thereby the gas or vapour is heated before
issuing from the burner jets.
5. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a chamber of substantially conical
form and of a width or depth comparatively small, having a gas supply pipe
connected at the apex of the chamber, and having a peripheral diverted edge
from which the burner jets issue, which jets are so disposed that the flames lie in
proximity to the chamber so that thereby the gas or vapour may pass out radially
and be heated before issuing from the burner jets.
6. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a chamber of substantially conical
form and of a width or depth comparatively small. having a gas supply pipe
connected at the interior apex of the chamber and having a peripheral diverted
edge from which burner jets issue which jets are so disposed that the flames lie
in proximity to the chamber so that thereby the gas or vapour may pass out
radially and be heated before issuing from the burner jets.
7. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a chamber of substantially conical

page_text: form and of a width or depth comparatively small, and formed of two plates
of corresponding configuration connected together at their contiguous peripheral
edges, and having a gas supply pipe connected at the apex of the chamber and
having the peripheral edge diverted and burner jets issuing therefrom, which
jets are so disposed that the flames lie in proximity to the chamber, so that
thereby the gas or vapour may pass out radially and be heated before issuing
from the burner jets, substantially as described.
8. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a chamber of substantially dome
shape having an annular interior and having a peripheral outwardly diverted
edge from which burner jets issue, such jets being so disposed that the flames
lie in proximity to the chamber, so that thereby the gas or vapour is heated
before issuing from the burner jets.
9. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a chamber of substantially dome
shape having an annular interior and having a gas supply pipe connected at the
top of the chamber and having a peripheral outwardly diverted edge from which
burner jets issue, such jets being so disposed that the flames lie in proximity to
the chamber, so that thereby the gas or vapour is heated before issuing from the
burner jets.
10. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a chamber of substantially dome
shape having an annular interior and having a gas supply pipe connected at the
top of the interior dome of the chamber and having a peripheral outwardly
diverted edge from which burner jets issue, such jets being so disposed that the
flames lie in proximity to the chamber, so that thereby the gas or vapour is
heated before issuing from the burner jets.
11. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a chamber of substantially dome
shape having an annular interior, and formed of two plates of corresponding con-
figuration and having a gas supply pipe connected at the top of the chamber and
having a peripheral outwardly diverted edge from which burner jets issue, such
jets being so disposed that the flames lie in proximity to the chamber, so that
thereby the gas or vapour is heated before issuing from the burner jets sub-
stantially as described.
12. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a chamber of comparatively small
width or depth and having a relatively large superficial area, and an outwardly
diverted edge having burner jets issuing therefrom, and so disposed that the
flames lie in proximity to the chamber, so that thereby the gas or vapour is
heated before issuing from the burner jets.
13. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a chamber of comparatively small
width or depth and having a relatively large superficial area and having a gas
supply pipe connected thereto at one edge and the other edge outwardly diverted
and having burner jets issuing therefrom, and so disposed that the flames lie in
proximity to the chamber, so that thereby the gas or vapour passes downwardly
to the burners and the gas or vapour is heated before issuing from the burner
jets.
14. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a chamber of comparatively small
width or depth and having a relatively large superficial area and having one
edge downwardly diverted and a gas supply pipe connected thereto and the
other edge upwardly diverted, and having burner jets issuing therefrom, and so
disposed that the flames lie in proximity to the chamber, so that thereby the gas
or vapour passes upwardly and then downwardly to the burner and the gas or
vapour is heated before issuing from the burner jets.
15. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a chamber of substantially dome
shape having an annular interior and having a gas supply pipe connected at
the top of the interior dome of the chamber and having the walls of the chamber
sloping inwardly towards the peripheral edges which are diverted outwardly and
have burner jets issuing therefrom, such jets being so disposed that the flames
lie in proximity to the chamber, so that thereby the gas or vapour is heated
before issuing from the burner jets.

page_text: 16. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a chamber of substantially dome
shape having an annular interior formed of three plates the one serving as the
interior the other as the exterior, and the third as the top of the chamber, and
having a gas supply pipe connected at the top of the interior dome of the cham-
ber and having the walls of the chamber sloping inwardly towards the peripheral
edges which are diverted outwardly and have burner jets issuing therefrom, such
jets being so disposed that the flames lie in proximity to the chamber, so that
thereby the gas or vapour is heated before issuing from the burner jets.
17. A gas or vapour burner having loops or convolutions emanating from the
supply pipe and burner jets whence the gas or vapour issues after passing
through such loops or convolutions, the burner jets being arranged in proximity
to such loops or convolutions so that thereby the gas or vapour may be heated
before issuing from the jets.
18. A gas or vapour burner having loops or convolutions emanating from the
supply pipe and transverse pipe branches at the extremity of one of the stems of
the loops or convolutions and burner jets issuing from such pipe branches and
being so disposed as to heat the gas or vapour in its passage through such loops
or convolutions.
19. A gas or vapour burner consisting of a supply branch formed of two chan-
nels through one of which the gas or vapour is led, and from the other of which
burner jets issue, and loops or convolutions connecting such channels, the burner
jets being so disposed that the flames issue in proximity to the loops or convolu-
tions and the gas or vapour is thereby heated before issuing from the burner jets.
20. A gas or vapour burner having loops or convolutions emanating from the
supply pipe in a transverse plane, and burner jets whence gas or vapour issues
in flat flames, after passing through such loops or convolutions, the burner jets
being arranged in proximity to such loops or convolutions so that thereby the
gas or vapour may be heated before issuing from the jets.
21. In gas or oil stoves means for effecting the heating of the air employed to
support combustion consisting of passages leading to an air chamber situate
beneath the burner chamber substantially as described.
22. In gas or oil stoves, a hot air chamber situate beneath the burner chamber
substantially as described.
23. In gas or oil stoves means for effecting the heating of the air employed
to support combustion substantially as hereinbefore described.
24. In gas or oil stoves means for effecting the heating of the air employed
to support combustion consisting of passages leading from the upper part of the
casing of the stove and leading to an air chamber situate beneath the burner
chamber for the purposes and substantially as described.
25. In gas or oil stoves means for effecting the heating of the air employed
to support combustion and means for effecting circulation of air, consisting of
passages leading from the upper part of the casing of the stove and leading to an
air chamber situate beneath the burner chamber, and inner tubes or passages,
traversing the interior of the air passage for the purposes and substantially as
described.
26. A gas or oil stove consisting of a central burner chamber at the base of
which an air chamber is formed, and at the upper part of which a refractory
inset is provided for the interception and regular distribution of heat, lateral
passages beside the central burner chamber through which air passes from ori-
fices provided at the upper ends thereof to the air chamber at foot thereof sub-
stantially as described.
27. A gas or oil stove consisting of a central burner chamber at the base of
which an air chamber is formed, and at the upper part of which a refractory
inset is provided for the interception and regular distribution of heat, lateral
passages beside the central burner chamber, through which air passes from ori-
fices provided at the upper ends thereof to the air chamber at foot thereof and

page_text: air flues traversing such lateral passages centrally and permitting of the upward
circulation of air therethrough, substantially as described.
28. A gas or oil stove consisting of a central burner chamber at the base of
which an air chamber is provided, having a flue-tube superposed thereupon for
the interception and regular distribution of heat and an outer casing between
which and the burner chamber and flue tube an annular space is formed down
which air passes to the air chamber substantially as described.
29. A gas or oil stove consisting of a central burner chamber at the base of
which an air chamber is provided, having a flue-tube superposed thereupon for
the interception and regular distribution of heat and an outer casing between
which and the burner chamber and flue-tube an annular space is formed down
which air passes to the air chamber and air flue tubes traversing the upper part
of such annular space and connected to the outer casing and the upper supporting
plate of the flue-tube respectively substantially as described.
30. A gas or oil stove consisting of a central burner chamber within which a
flue tube is provided for the interception and regular distribution of heat and an
outer casing surrounding such central burner chamber substantially as described.
31. A gas or oil stove consisting of a central burner chamber within which a
flue tube is provided for the interception and regular distribution of heat, and
an outer casing surrounding such central burner chamber and an annular guard
superposed above the central burner chamber for guiding the upwardly issuing
air currents substantially as described.
32. A gas or oil stove consisting of a central burner chamber and lateral air
flues connected by transverse flues, the air passing up one of such lateral flues
from the base of the stove, along the transverse flues and down the other lateral
flue issuing through to the burner chamber substantially as described.
33. A gas or oil stove consisting of a central burner chamber and lateral air
flue, the air passing up one of such lateral flues from the base of the stove along
the transverse flues and down the other lateral flue issuing through to the burner
chamber, the inner walls of the side flues being formed by a refractory inset
or flue centrally disposed above the burner chamber substantially as described.
34. A gas or oil stove of stone or similar ware having air flues and an air
chamber provided by arranging partitions within the casing substantially as
described.
35. A gas or oil stove of stone or similar ware having air flues and an air
chamber provided by arranging partitions within the casing and having an air
flue leading from the base of the casing to the outlet of the stove for inducing
circulation substantially as described.
36. In a gas or oil stove a guard such as for the protection of the flames
from draughts substantially as described.
37. In a gas or oil stove the arrangement of the front thereof so disposed in
relation to the burner that heat and light is fully reflected therethrough sub-
stantially as described with reference to Figure 21 of the drawings.
38. A gas or oil stove consisting of a double casing the central interior of
which forms the burner chamber while the annular interior forms a passage for
air, suitable orifices being provided at the upper part of the exterior and at the
lower part on the interior thereof, such double casing having a flue tube super-
posed thereupon and an air tube surrounding it and carrying the top supporting
plate of the flue tube, the whole being enveloped in an outer casing between
which and the double casing a space is provided for the upward passage of air
substantially as described.
39. A gas or oil stove consisting of a central burner chamber, an air chamber
at the rear thereof and a flue tube superposed upon the burner chamber sub-
stantially as described.
40. A gas or oil stove consisting of a central burner chamber, an air chamber
at the rear thereof and a flue tube superposed upon the burner chamber and
within the air chamber a guard being interposed within the air chamber to per-

page_text: mit of the upward passage of air from a low orifice in the outer casing substan-
tially as described.
41. In gas or oil stoves a flap or dome such as capable of alternately closing
an upper and lateral aperture thereby permitting the lateral or upward passage
of the products of combustion as required substantially as described.
42. A gas or oil stove consisting of a central burner chamber, an air chamber
above and at the rear thereof into which air passes from the front of the outer
casing and a flue tube superposed upon the burner chamber and within the air
chamber substantially as described.
43. A gas or oil stove consisting of a central burner chamber, an air chamber
above and at the rear thereof into which air passes from the front of the outer
casing and a flue tube superposed upon the burner chamber and within the air
chamber, the air circulating tubes at the rear of the air chamber substantially
as described.
44. A gas or oil stove consisting of a central burner chamber in which flue
tubes are transversely disposed and through which tubes air passes and issues
to the burner chamber from below substantially as described.
45. A gas or oil stove consisting of a central burner chamber within which flue
tubes are transversely disposed and through which tubes air passes and issues
to the burner chamber from below, first passing down an air chamber disposed
at the rear of the casing substantially as described.
46. In a gas or oil stove means for heating the air to support combustion con-
sisting of an outer casing or base and an inner casing between which an annular
space is formed up which air may pass, a rim cover being movably fitted upon
the outer base and serving to downwardly guide the air to the centre of the casing
substantially as described with reference to Figure 28.
47. A stove consisting of a base part an inner casing between which and the
base is an annular space through which the air may upwardly pass, and a rim
cover movably fitted to the upper edge of the base part and serving to down-
wardly divert air to the centre of the casing where the burner is disposed, a grid
or plate being superposed upon such rim for the purpose and substantially as
described.
48. Gas or oil stoves of the form and construction hereinbefore described and
illustrated.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.