matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR MORDANTING, DYEING, OR PRINTING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FIBRES, OR YARN OR FABRICS MANU- FACTURED THEREFROM
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wilson Hadwen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th February 1873.
I, JOHN WILSON HADWEN, of Bradford, in the County of York, Yarn
Merchant, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR MORDANTING, DYEING, OR
PRINTING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FIBRES, OR YARN OR FABRICS MANU-
FACTURED THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means and apparatus for mordanting, dycing,
or printing wool, cotton, silk, or other fibrous substances in any condition
or state, whether in sliver, slubbing, roving, or yarn, or fabrics manu-
factured therefrom.
Heretofore when dyeing or printing such fibrous substance, yarn, or
fabrics, by means of colour rollers it is found that notwithstanding the
use of "doctors or scrapers there is always a quantity of superfluous
colour, and the supply is thereby irregular or in excess on some parts.
Now the object of this Invention is to apply no more than the requisite
quantity, and to the precise part, point, or portion of the fibre, slubbing,

page_text: roving, yarn, or fabric (under operation), and this object I accomplish by
the use of ground, fluted, or pattern cut rollers, the projecting portions
alone of such rollers will deposit the colour, whilst the superfluity will
be received within the hollows or recessed parts of such rollers. A
second pair of similar rollers will be employed for depositing colour on
the intervening portions or space of the fibre, sliver, roving, yarn, or
fabric not operated on by the rollers first herein named.
In order to render the dyeing or printing effects more even, cylin-
drical, rotary, or other brushes may be employed for brushing the
same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July
1878.
I, WILLIAM YOUNG, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, Farmer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention has reference to improvements in the construction and
arrangement of the parts of the cutting mechanism of reaping and
mowing machines, which cutting mechanism and the machines fitted
therewith are made more durable, efficient, and easily driven than these
machines have been as heretofore constructed.
And the nature of the Invention consists in the use and application of
two sets of knives or knife bars, fitted with the usual angled cutting
sections to all ordinary constructions of reaping and mowing machines,
one or both sets being made to work face to face close over each other by
double cranks set nearly at opposite angles or positions with a con-
necting rod attached to each bar, when both sets of cutters are made to
work or with the under set fixed when only the one or top set is actuated.

page_text: the points of the one set of sections are preferably placed in the centre
of the fingers, and those of the other set worked across or in the centre
spaces of the other or under set, rendering a shorter and quicker" throw"
or action of the cranks or knives sufficient or necessary.
The novelty consisting essentially in the addition to any ordinary
reaping and mowing machine of a second or under set of the usual
knives or cutters, which may either be made stationary by fixing them
to the finger bar or other suitable bar or be actuated by an extra crank
and connecting rod for the purpose, it will be understood however that
the upper set of knives might be made the stationary set although this 1
is not preferred.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES AND IN CERTAIN PRESERVING MATERIALS OR COMPOUNDS EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH PRESERVING MATERIALS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE CURE OF SCAB, FOOT ROT, AND OTHER CUTANEOUS DISEASES IN SHEEP And OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur John Goulstone at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1873.
I, ARTHUR JOHN GOULSTONE, of No. 1, Great Winchester Street
Buildings, in the City of London, and County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PRESERVATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES AND IN CERTAIN PRESERVING MATERIALS OR
COMPOUNDS EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH PRESERVING MATERIALS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO THE CURE OF SCAB, FOOT ROT, AND OTHER CUTANEOUS DISEASES IN SHEEP And
OTHER ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the preservation of organic substances
generally, but is especially applicable to the preservation of hides, skins,
bones, and such like products; as also the cure of scab, foot rot, and
other cutaneous diseases in sheep and other animals, and consists in
treating them with a preserving agent which I form from the antiseptic
compound known as "chloralum," for which Letters Patent were
granted to John Gamgee, as on the 7th day of January, 1870, No. 60.

page_text: My preserving substance or compound is composed as follows:-
Creosote Sp. G. 1.071
Rectified spirits Sp. G. 0.838
Magnesia carbonate
Water 1 gallon (or 160 ozs.)
GD
3 ozs.
NO
16 ozs.
1 ozs.
E
The above to be triturated and filtered so as to render the creosote
soluble. This mixture with chloralum should be in the proportion of
1 per cent. of creosote and per cent. of tannin.
The quantity of tannin to be employed as an admixture with the
above is 5 ozs. to one gallon of water (or 160 ozs.), which should be 1
filtered before application. Glycerine, 2% mixed with chloralum at
the Sp. G. 1150, with the addition of 10 per cent. of water (in case of
bath); or the wash applied by sponge, brush, or otherwise to sheep
infected with scab or other cutaneous diseases.
Foot Rot. The application for foot rot to be made in the following 1
manner-Chloralum in powder mixed with tallow, through which the
diseased sheep are driven, and to be repeated twice, or according to
circumstances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hacking at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June
1873.
I, THOMAS HACKING, of Hyde, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:―
The Invention relates principally to multitubular high-pressure steam
boilers, and the object is to obtain a great heating surface in a more
limited space than has been obtained by the present mode of con-
struction.
The Invention consists mainly in forming the boiler of a number of
vertical water chambers, connected together by a series of horizontal
tubes surmounted by a longitudinal steam dome or chest, with
hemispherical ends. The flames or products of combustion pass firstly
over and around the first series of tubes, thence impinge against the
bottom of the steam chest or dome, and pass back round the outside of
a second series of tubes, and out to the chimney.

page_text: The tubes are so fastened or connected to the water chambers that
they are easily accessible for repairs or cleaning by taking off the caps
of the chambers. The water spaces are connected together and to the
steam space by vertical tubes. The whole of the apparatus is enclosed
in brickwork. The number of water chambers, and also of the series t
of horizontal connecting tubes, may be varied according to circumstances,
and by a slight modification the Invention may be made equally
applicable to marine steam boilers.
AN IMPROVED MIXTURE OF GROUND SUBSTANCES TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR COFFEE, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PREPARATION THEREOF
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Liebert at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1873.
I, JULIUS LIEBERT, of Kensington Park, in the County of Middlesex,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MIXTURE OF GROUND SUBSTANCES TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE
FOR COFFEE, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PREPARATION THEREOF,
to be as follows:-
"
The object of this Invention is to form a mixture from which a
healthy and invigorating infusion can be obtained at far less cost than
by any other means. The substances are pelotas berries and coffee
berries in the proportion by weight of about three parts of the pelotas
berries to one part of coffee berries, these berries in their green state are
roasted in a coffee roaster having two compartments separated the one
from the other by a perforated partition plate, and the pelotas berries

page_text: and coffee berries are placed each in one of the said compartments, the
pelotas berries during the process of roasting becoming thoroughly
impregnated with the aroma of the coffee. When roasted the berries
are ground in an ordinary grinding mill, and when well incorporated
the mixture is complete and ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR CONNECTING TOGETHER FIRE HOSE, TUBES, AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Thompson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
October. 1873.
I, NATHAN THOMPSON, of the City of Brooklyn, and State of New
York, in the United States of America, but at present of 35, South-
ampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Marine Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS FOR CONNECTING TOGETHER FIRE HOSE, TUBES, AND OTHER HOLLOW
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in means for con-
necting together fire hose, tubes, and other hollow articles, whereby a
rapid means of connection is obtained combined with a secure joint.
For this purpose I form the adjacent parts of the article to be connected
together with a socket and faucet, suitable packing being placed between
the ends of these parts, which I cause to be forced towards each other by
means of female keys or wedges which act in combination with male
keys or wedges formed on the exterior of the parts to be connected
together.

page_text: The male keys or wedges are formed in the following manner :—
_I
form on the faucet a ring or flango of a similar size to that of the socket,
and I form on cach of such parts and on opposite sides thereof one half
or an undercut wedge, so that when the two parts are placed in correct
juxtaposition with each other a complete undercut wedge is formed on t
each side thereof, a steady pin being employed to enable the parts readily
to be placed in correct relative position with each other.
The female keys or wedges when only two are employed are connected
together in pairs by a bow piece by which they are formed somewhat
into the shape of a staple, and the inner surface of each limb of such 1
staple is hollowed out to the form of an undercut female wedge or key
formed to fit and act in combination with the male keys or wedges
formed on the exterior of the parts to be connected together. The bow
of the staple is formed to fit closely the outer surface of the parts to be
connected together.
If desired the male and female keys or wedges may be provided with
holes through which a wire, pin, or key can be passed to retain the parts
in proper relative position with each other.
1
The keys or wedges may if desired be protected from injury by being
received between projecting rings formed on the parts to be connected 2
together, and in some cases I form the male wedges on separate rings,
which will bear against flanges formed on the parts to be connected
together. This employment of separate rings to form the connecting
'means is also applicable to an Invention for which I applied for Pro-
visional Protection on the 1st October instant, Number 3188.
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Melling at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
April 1873.
I, JOHN WILLIAM MELLING, of Birkett Bank, Wigan, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVES," to be as
follows:-
:-
These improvements arc for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of
safety and relief valves.
In ordinary safety valves the lift and consequently the orifice for the
escape of the steam is very limited, more particularly in high pressures.
Now my Invention consists in obviating the above defects. This is
accomplished by exposing to the pressure of the steam or air in the
boiler or reservoir a flexible diaphragm, or a plate connected to a flexible
diaphragm, instead of exposing the whole or nearly the whole of the
under side of the valve, and only exposing so much of the valve as shall
cover one or more annular orifices in the seating through which the
steam or air escapes when the valve is raised. The valve is raised by

page_text: having its spindle resting on or in connection with the plate exposed to
the steam or air, and may be held down by any of the ordinary modes of
dead weight, weighted lever, or spring, and may, if desired, be inclosed
to insure its not being tampered with.
The diaphragm plate may be of any size, and in our arrangement it
is carried so low down as to avoid any disturbing current of steam or air
when the valve is blowing off, or it may be protected by a case or tube
that opens low enough to be uninfluenced by the escaping steam or air;
or, instead of the steam or air being discharged through an orifice in the
valve seating it may pass through a hollow valve which is attached to or
in connection with a flexible plate, and which bears on a raised seating
with perforated sides to allow the steam or air which passes inwards to
escape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMOMETERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Negretti and Joseph
Warren Zambra at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th September 1873.
We, HENRY NEGRETTI and JOSEPH WARREN ZAMBRA, both of Holborn
Viaduct, in the City of London, Meteorological Instrument Makers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THERMOMETERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of thermometers in which the bulb
is enclosed in a vacuum.
The Invention has for its object to indicate whether or no the bulb is
really in vacuo, because the accuracy of many meteorological observations
depends mainly upon this, and if observations be made with the instru-
ment under the supposition that the bulb is in vacuo when such is not
the fact the effect will be that the observation will give erroneous
data.

page_text: In order to enable the observer to see that his instrument is in proper
condition, we adapt to the vacuum chamber a vacuum gauge, such as is
applied to air pumps, which will indicate the state of the vacuum therein.
This vacuum gauge may be adapted to any convenient part of the
vacuum chamber, but we prefer to place it at the lower part of the
vacuum bulb.
THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING COFFEETINA
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Penn Francis and
Francis Addiscott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 16th September 1873.
We, WALTER PENN FRANCIS and FRANCIS ADDISCOTT, of No. 65,
Webber Street, Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey, Coffeetina
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING COFFEETINA," to be as follows:-
Coffeetina is an article of food used either as a substitute for coffee or
as an admixture, and is prepared from the stone of the tamarind by
extracting the stone or bean from the fruit or pulp, which by the process
of roasting in cylinders and grinding assumes the character of coffee,
the novelty of which constitutes the Invention.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WASHING GLASSES, DISHES, AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Jobbins at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th June 1873.—A communication from abroad by Adolph Fischer,
of New York.
I, WILLIAM FREDERICK JOBBINS, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America, now of No. S, Southampton Buildings,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WASHING GLASSES, DISHES, AND OTHER SIMILAR
VESSELS," a communication, to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to simple and convenient apparatus for washing
tumblers and other drinking glasses, and also dishes and bottles, and
other similar vessels or utensils. The said apparatus has a brush, which
is firmly secured to the bottom of a basin, pail, pan, or tub, and is
supplied with water either from the outside, by filling the basin or
through the interior of its stem by connecting the same with a tube or
tap. By pushing the tumbler or other vessel to be cleaned down over
the brush the inside of the said tumbler or other vessel is effectually
and rapidly cleaned. With this internal brush is combined an annular

page_text: brush, for the purpose of cleaning the outside of the tumbler or other
vessel simultaneously with its inside.
I prefer to arrange a rubber flange over the bristles of the annular
brush for the purpose of retaining the said bristles in the required
radial position and preventing their being disordered by the action of
the tumblers. I construct the said annular brush in sections, each
section being subjected to the action of a spring, so that the same can
accommodate themselves to the outer surfaces of tumblers or other
vessels of different sizes and shapes.
The internal or central brush is also preferably made in two or more
sections, so that the same can accommodate themselves to the inner
surfaces of tumblers or other vessels of different sizes and shapes. I
combine with the brushes an extension frame capable of being
lengthened or shortened so that the device can be adjusted for vessels of
any height.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clowes Bayley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
January 1878.
I, JOHN CLOWES BAYLEY, of Attercliffe, near Sheffield, in the
County of York, Steel and Iron Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of my Invention for. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES," to be
as follows:-
But that the advantages of my Invention may be understood I shall
explain the tuyers now in usc. These are composed of a number of
small perforated pillars or tubes made of fire-clay placed at equal
distances in a circular iron frame (the interior of which is of the samo
form and circumference as that part of the convertor or furnace to which
the tuyere is to be adapted), the space around each being filled up with
a concrete substance called "gannister," which after being dried by the
aid of fire (this process taking about three days) becomes one solid hard
mass. It will therefore be readily understood that the fire-clay tubes
which are previously baked and the "gannister" which is filled in in a
damp pliable state, besides being of a different nature to the clay,

page_text: will, when subjected to a greater heat, expand or contract in a different
ratio, and as frequently occurs the tubes give way, causing great loss of
time and material. To obviate this is the object of my Invention.
Instead of using combined fire-clay tubes and "gannister" I dispenso with
the combination of material as at present in use, and make the tuyere of
ono solid block of fire-clay, gannister, or other suitable substance, placed
when in a soft pliable state into a mould of the required dimensions and
pierced with air-holes of such number and dimensions as will give the
desired blast or draft; for lifting purposes a larger hole may be made
in the centre. The tuyero is then baked as hard as an ordinary fire-brick
and is ready for usc.
I also declare my Invention to extend to the tuyore (composed of the
same material and subjected to the same process) being made in any
number of segments or picces, which when placed together assume the
same shape and answer the same purpose previously described.
An ImMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING ARTISTIC RESULTS IN FINISHING PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Long, Alexander Forsyth,
and James Robert Griffiths at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th March 1878.
We, JOHN LONG, ALEXANDER FORSYTH, and JAMES ROBERT GRIFFITHS,
of 110, Bothsay Terrace, Cardiff, South Wales, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "An ImMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING
ARTISTIC RESULTS IN FINISHING PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS," to be as follows:-
First. We print in the ordinary way by any of the known photo-
graphic printing processes on paper; a vignette head, or part, or whole
figure.
Second. We prepare on a plate of glass, paper, or any other trans-
parent medium, a stippled surface or "effect" in any coloured pigment
suitable for that effect, and in printing we place it in the frame super-
imposed on the print, and then by exposing to light we obtain on the
print the design on the glass or other medium, shading those parts not
required to have the stippled effect, until the ground is deep enough.
We then tone, fix, and wash by any of the known methods of doing so.
When the print is mounted, we rub the stippled parts with pumice or
other abraiding powder, and our effect is obtained.
AN IMPROVED TRAVELLING VALISE OR KNAPSACK
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gregory Alexander Page at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th June 1873.-A communication from abroad by Egmond
Julius Erichsen, of Copenhagen, Denmark.
I, GREGORY ALEXANDER PAGE, the younger, of Bradford, in the
County of York, Salesman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED TRAVELLING VALISE OR KNAPSACK," (a commu-
nication to me from abroad by Egmond Julius Erichsen, of Copenhagen,
Denmark) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to afford a light, cheap, and con-
venient means for carrying a great quantity of travelling baggage or
apparel in a small compass without being unduly crushed, and so as to
be easily accessible and easily packed or unpacked, and the said baggage
envelope or valise to be carried when required in the hand or on the
back as a knapsack, all as hereafter described.

page_text: It consists of a bottom part, four sides (which may be made of elastic
material to enable them to stretch and expand as required), and four
flaps, one for each side.
When closing it up I first fold down two opposite sides and strap them
together or otherwise join their overlapping ends, I then fold down one
of the flaps at the sides at right angles to the flaps just named, buttoning
or strapping it on to the already folded down flaps, I thereupon fold down
the opposite or fourth and last flap, and strap or otherwise fasten it on to
one of the sides of the valise.
Two straps joined by a cross strap to carry the valise by pass round it 1
and are then fastened, these straps may serve as shoulder straps and
cross breast strap when the valise is used as a knapsack.
Travelling rug or other baggage constantly used may be put in
between the aforesaid two first flaps and the third flap or between the
third and the fourth flap or be fastened outside by means of the outer 1
straps.
Pockets may be arranged where desired or required.
Although leather or other suitable material may be employed for the
manufacture of this valise, yet I attach importance to the production of
a cheap article, and therefore prefer to use canvas for the substance or
outside part of it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW PRESSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ritchie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Potition, on the 17th
February 1878.
I, WILLIAM RITCHIE, of the City and County of Edinburgh, North`
Britain, Engineer and Machinist, do. hereby declaro the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW PRESSES," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
My said Invention has reference to a new or improved mode of
attaching or coupling the actuating hand lover or wheel to the main sorow
of screw presses, to regulate the force to be exerted so as to prevent the
breaking of these presses by screwing them up with a greater force
than the operator is aware of.
.
The nature and novelty of this Invention consists in forming onc, two,
three, or more recessed and projecting coupling notches with bevelled
bearing edges round the top of the head or collar of the main screw
and under side of the eye of the hand lever or wheel of these presses,
that is, at the lower part of the stem above, for receiving the eye of the
hand lever or wheel (whichever is employed for turning the screw) which

page_text: is mounted to turn loosely on this stem, except when the corresponding
bevelled catches formed on the lower side of its eye are coupled down
into those formed on the head of the screw, and into which they are
pressed or held by a short spiral spring secured by a pinching screw or
screw nut and pin on the top of the eye of the lever or wheel and stem
of the main screw passing up through it. The whole is covered and
fitted with an oil hole, so that when the screw is turned and the press
screwed down by the hand lever or wheel in the usual manner, and when
the strain exerted on the bevelled coupling in turning it is greater than
the strength or resistance of the spring above it the lever and upper
coupling piece then rise out of gear from the lower coupling, and turns
loosely on the head of the screw, which cannot thus be further tightened
up to break the press, the spring always pressing the lever and its
coupling into working gear with the lower coupling, when its catches
are turned opposite the recesses or notches of the latter formed on the
head of the screw. The spring is made and set to yield at two or three
times the strain required for the work of the press, a wide margin being
further left between this and the breaking strain of the press.
•
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES, FOUNDRY CUPOLAS, AND OTHER FURNACES FOR MELTING OR REMELTING IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lamb Scott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th May 1873.
I, GEORGE LAMB SCOTT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES, FOUNDRY CUPOLAS, AND OTHER FURNACES FOR
MELTING OR REMELTING IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an arrangement of furnace whereby I effect
a saving in the quantity of coke or other fuel employed, and obtain
greater facilities for tapping the molten metal. For these purposes I
construct the furnace with the usual "sole," but above this I adapt a
false bottom or diaphragm upon which the fuel and unmelted metal
rest, and beneath which therefore there is a space constituting a chamber
communicating however with the upper part of the furnace by means of
an aperture or apertures formed in the aforesaid false bottom or

page_text: diaphragm, and above which are the ordinary tuyeres, they being in their
usual position. As the metal becomes fluid it falls through the aperture
or apertures in the false bottom or diaphragm into the chamber
beneath, from which it may be tapped as required through suitable
ordinary apertures.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN FINISHING TWINE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Waithman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th December 1873.
I, ARTHUR WAITHMAN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN FINISHING TWINE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more especially to the finishing of that class of
twine known in the trade as New Zealand twines, colored shop threads,
or variegated twines, whether mixed gray and colored twines, or mixed
white and colored twines, or other colors or mixtures of colors, but may
also be used for plain common gray twines alone. Hitherto these twines
could not be advantageously made from jute alone, or even of a mixture
of jute with other fibres in consequence of the impossibility of laying the
jute fibres by size or otherwise.
My Invention consists in causing the twines after they are spun or
twisted to be passed through a singeing machine, whereby all the rough

page_text: fibres are burnt off and a very good effect produced. The usual sizing
and washing operations may be performed either before or after the
singeing process, or in some cases dispensed with altogether. By these
means I am enabled to make twines of jute alone, possessing even a
superior appearance to those made of more expensive fibres.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND VENTILATION OF HATS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward John Palmer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th August 1878.
I, EDWARD JOHN PALMER, junior, of Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, Hatter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND VENTILATION OF HATS," to be
as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to ventilate hats or similar coverings
for the head in a simple, neat, and efficient manner. For this purpose I
form one or more side openings or slots through the band, body, and
leather of the hat to allow ingress of cool air, and an opening or openings
preferably covered with gauze in the crown or upper part of the body to
allow egress of warm air.
Around each of the above mentioned side openings and on the inside
of the body of the hat I secure a framework provided with a grating of
wires or suitable substitute, preferably wound with silk and arranged in
such manner as to come flush with the external surface of the band and
imitate the texture thereof.

page_text: The opening or openings in the leather are covered with wire or other
gauze or netting.
As means for regulating or preventing ingress and egress of air I
secure to the body of the hat or to the leather a flap of woven fabric so
arranged that said flap can be made to cover the openings through the 5
body and the leather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING CANDLE MOULDS AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Cowles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th-
January 1873.
I, EDWARD COWLES, of Hounslow, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COOLING CANDLE MOULDS AND APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
For moulding candles it is usual to arrange a number of moulds in a
frame, exposing the exterior of the moulds to the air so that they may
cool and allow the candles to set, and to be withdrawn from the moulds
without too great loss of time. Such moulding frames have also been
made with a casing into which cold water is run for the purpose of
cooling the moulds, but it is found that, though the time of cooling can
thus be reduced, for certain descriptions of candles the result is
unsatisfactory, as they tend to crack in setting.
My Invention relates to a method of cooling candle moulds after they
have been charged with the melted candle material by the use of a
current of tempered air, and to apparatus whereby this method can be
applied. For this purpose I enclose the set of moulds mounted in a

page_text: frame within a casing, or I employ frames made with a water casing
enclosing their moulds. To the lower part of this casing I connect a
pipe or pipes for the supply of cold air, and at its upper part or at any
other convenient part I provide pipes or apertures for the discharge of
the heated air. A current of air is maintained through the casing either
by a fan or blower of any known construction forcing a supply of air in,
or by a fan or chimney or other known mode of creating a draught,
drawing air out. The air supplied to the casing may pass first through
a chamber in which it can be cooled, warmed, or tempered according as
may be required by the state of the external atmosphere and the kind of
candles to which the air current is to be applied. The cooling may be
effected by passing the air over ice or over moist evaporating sufaces,
and it may be warmed by passing it over stoam or hot water pipes or
over heated flues, or by the injection of steam into the air current. For
an establishment where there is a number of moulding frames to be
acted on, the air for the whole or for any number of such frames is
passed through one tempering chamber and conducted by a main
conduit or flue connected by branches to the several frame casings, each
of these casings being provided with a stop-cock or valve at either its
ingress or egress aperture, whereby the current of air passed through the
casing can be regulated as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING THE TIN ROLLERS OF MULES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sandiford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
August 1878.
I, WILLIAM SANDIFORD, of Halliwell, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COUPLING THE TIN ROLLERS OF MULES FOR SPINNING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the method of coupling together the tin
rollers or cylinders employed in mules for actuating the spindles, the
objects of the Invention being to ensure accuracy and to dispense with
the use of the set screws usually employed. I make use of short shafts
for this purpose as usual, and I make them rather thicker than ordinary
(say about one inch and a quarter diameter), but as in consequence of the
set screws being dispensed with, they do not require to be so long they
will be no heavier than usual.
Instead of using set screws to fix the boss of the cylinder end on to
the shaft I drill a hole about half an inch diameter through the boss
and shaft at right angles to the axis, and I drive therein a pin of cast
steel or other suitable material. This pin has a head at one end and is
made with a longitudinal groove in which lies a spring, the length of the

page_text: said spring being such that when the pin is driven through the free end
thereof (which is turned outwards) passes through the boss at the other
side and the spring expanding the turned end holds the pin firmly in its
place and prevents it from falling out or becoming loose.
The pins may be driven out when required by means of a drift made 5
in a suitable form, two holes of about one inch diameter being made in
opposite sides of the tin roller. or cylinder for the purpose of fixing and
unfixing the pins.
In order to keep the tin rollers or cylinders in place and to prevent
them from rubbing against the stands, I fix upon the shaft at suitable 1
distance from the stands two set washers or collars, which are fixed upon
the shaft by means of set screws, and will prevent the cylinders from
moving endwise and rubbing against the stands.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGISTER AND OTHER FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Whitwell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
January 1873.
I, THOMAS WHITWELL, of Thornaby Iron Works, Stockton-on-Tees,
in the County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGISTER AND OTHER FIRE-PLACES," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to promote the ventilation of rooms,
whilst at the same time all draughts of cold air are avoided and
the ordinary open fire-place is retained. For this purpose I apply at
the back of the fire round or flattened tubes opening at their ends into
closed chambers, one in communication with the outer air, the other
with the interior of the room or building. I prefer that the tubes
should be vertical and pass into chambers above and below them. The
lower chamber being in communication with the outer atmosphere,
whilst the upper chamber is in communication with the room or
building through openings capable of being closed at pleasure. These
openings may be at any convenient part, but preferably I place them at

page_text: the sides of the fire-place. The gases and products of combustion
from the fire pass between the tubes on their way to the chimney.
The air in the tubes is thereby heated and passes in a continuous stream
into the room or building. By this means all the comfort of an English
fire-place is preserved and a current of fresh warm air is constantly
pouring into the room or building and after circulating therein returns
to the fire to be consumed and to pass up the chimney; the heat
otherwise wasted by passing away up the chimney is imparted to the
room or building, and at the same time all draughts from doors or
windows are avoided.
When the fire is not wanted, as in summer weather, the admission
of fresh air by this system secures perfect ventilation. The entrance
of warm fresh air or fresh air only can be regulated at will by caps or
slides applied to the orifices for the admission of the air into the room
or building.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY TRUCKS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armitage Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th August 1878.
I, WILLIAM ARMITAGE BROWN, of No. 27, Victoria Road, Peckham
Rye, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY TRUCKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to facilitate the loading and unloading
of goods, more particularly carriages and other vehicles on to and from
railway trucks. For this purpose I construct the truck with a remove-
able platform or cradle carrying the load, which cradle may be secured
to the under framing of the truck while travelling by means of catches
or other suitable known contrivances. To the truck are attached levers
turning on fulcra and actuated by suitable gearing in such manner that
they can be made to move in a vertical plane from the truck in a
direction either towards the side or end of the same.
The cradle is provided with suspending chains or slings by which it is
attached to the said levers, so that by causing the levers to turn on their

page_text: fulcra they will lift the cradle with its load, and deposit the same at the
side or end of the truck.
The arrangement of gearing for imparting the requisite motion
simultaneously to the levers may be variously modified.
In the arrangement which I prefer, two levers are fixed one on each
end of a shaft mounted in bearings attached to the truck. On this shaft
is also fixed a worm wheel, in gear with which is a worm on a shaft
rotated by a hand winch, so that by turning the worm the lever shaft is
made to revolve in either direction, thus causing the levers to move
simultaneously in a vertical plane to or from the truck as above
described.
In order to steady the truck while the operation of loading or un-
loading is being performed, it may be temporarily attached to the rails
by means of any suitable known construction of clip, such as those used
for securing travelling cranes on railways.
J
A NEW OR IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT IN COMBINING STICKS OR STRIPS OF WOOD FOR LIGHTING FIRES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weckes and Charles
Barnard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th January 1873.
We, CHARLES WEEKES, of Worcester, in the County of Worcester,
Civil Engineer, and CHARLES BARNARD, of Kenton Street, Brunswick
Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT IN COMBINING
STICKS OR STRIPS OF WOOD FOR LIGHTING FIRES," to be as follows:―
The object of our Invention is so to arrange a number of small pieces
of wood, generally such strips as are called "firewood," as to facilitate
the operation or process of lighting fires in grates, stoves, and other
places where fires are required.
The means by which we propose to attain the said object are as
follows: We take a number of strips of suitable wood and pass a metal
wire or other suitable material through each strip at or about the same
distance from and near to one end thereof, and secure the ends of the
said wires, the construction being similar to that of a lady's fan.

page_text: When used for lighting a fire these sticks are opened or separated
alternately so as to form a cradle or trestle with the apex downward,
which cradle is then placed in the grate filled with small pieces of
coal and surrounded loosely with coal or cinder, or both, when it is
ready for lighting.
To facilitate the ignition of the wood the end or ends of the said
sticks are dipped in resin or other similar inflammable material.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR INSTRUMENTS FOR VACCINATING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Arnold at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
April 1873.
I, JAMES ARNOLD, of the Firm of Arnold and Sons, of 35 and
36, West Smithfield, in the City of London, Surgical Instrument
Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR INSTRUMENTS FOR VACCINATING," to be
as follows:
This Invention consists in the construction and employment of in one
and the same appliance or instrument of a series of points or scarifying
instruments in such manner that the points are protected when not in
use, but when required can be readily and almost instantaneously
produced all as hereafter described.
The points or scarifying instruments are carried on a spring spindle
the position of which is capable of being adjusted as required by spindle
and nut in order to regulate the depth to which the instruments may
be required to enter the skin of the person to be vaccinated. The
spindle is supported in the sides of the box which has slots or apertures

page_text: in the top thereof to correspond with the number of points or scarifying
instruments on the spindle; on the under side of the box or on the
opposite side to the apertures there is a lever for rotating the spindle
when required; also in some other convenient position there is a
pin with button for releasing the spring round spindle as hereafter t
mentioned. To use the instrument the lever is pressed back and the
points are thrown out through the apertures (there may for example be
three points and three corresponding apertures, but I do not limit
myself to this number as less or more might be used); the nut is then
turned to adjust the distance the points should project, which done the 1
lever is again pressed in the contrary direction and the points return
to the inside of the instrument, which is then ready for application
and use.
To vaccinate place the aperture end of the instrument to the arm or
other part, press the side button before mentioned, the spring is then
instantly released and the points or scarifyers are instantaneously forced
into the arm or other part of the patient, which is thus prepared for the
lymph.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING VESSELS DRAGGING THEIR ANCHORS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Robert Campbell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th August 1873.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM ROBERT CAMPBELL, Inspector General of Police,
Ceylon, at present residing at Westbourne Park, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING VESSELS DRAGGING
THEIR ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
This Inventson consists in supplying ships with what I term
"messenger anchors," by which means it will be almost impossible for
a ship to be driven on shore.
My proposed messenger anchor is simply an anchor fitted with a few
fathoms of chain having a ring at the end. When a vessel is at anchor
with all her chains out, this ring may be rigged on to the cable outside
the hause hole.
The messenger anchor on being let go will run down the cable until
stopped by its contact with the ground, when it will effectually help to
bring the vessel up.

page_text: The ring used in conjunction with the cable may open so as to be
easily strung on to the cable outside the hause hole, and it may be closed
and at the same time fastened to the chain of the messenger anchor by a
shackle and bolt or any other suitable means.
The ring may also be provided with rollers to enable it to slip faster!
down the cable.
The messenger anchor may be prevented running down to the other
anchor by a removable stopper, which is attached to the cable before the
usual anchor is dropped.
AN IMPROVED MODE OR MANNER OF VENTILATING CLOSE AND OPEN FIRE RANGES AND APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Matterson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
October 1873.
I, HENRY MATTERSON, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick,
Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OR MANNER OF VENTILATING CLOSE AND OPEN FIRE
RANGES AND APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My improved manner of ventilating will be understood from the
following particulars :-The oven or roaster is ventilated by means of a
hollow tube running along the bottom side of the oven, and is connected
with the front of the range and covered with a sliding ventilator which
can be opened and closed at pleasure. The oven is perforated from
front to back the whole length of the tube, so that when the ventilator
is open a constant current of fresh air is caused to pass into the oven.
The contrary side of the oven at its top or upper part is perforated in a
similar manner and covered, which prevents dust or soot from falling
into it, and the opening at the top of the said oven being direct into the
flue free egress of the steam and other gases arising from the meat
which is being cooked is allowed, the quick draught of the flue carrying

page_text: off the said gases, so that no unpleasant smell arising from the cooking
is perceived, and the oven when the door is open is found to be perfectly
free from steam.
To make the ventilation of the range complete the top over the fire is
covered in with sheet iron fitted with a register in its centre. The edges 5
of this cover both front and back are perforated its whole length, and
covered with a box, which has an aperture in its centre fitted with a
sliding lid, and which when opened allows at once the free escape of any
steam or unpleasant smell which may arise from cooking operations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THINNING TURNIPS AND OTHER ROOT CROPS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Jack at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
June 1873.
I, ALEXANDER JACK, of Maybole, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THINNING TURNIPS AND
OTHER ROOT CROPS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to effect the thining out of crops
such as turnips, carrots, and mangold wurtzel, which are sown in excess
of the quantity afterwards allowed to grow.
The Invention consists of a framing carried upon wheels, and it is
provided with any required number of hoes, according to the width of the
machine.
In operating with the machine it is drawn transversely across the
furrows, and the hoes remove the turnips, carrots, or mangold wurtzel,
which are to be taken out; between each such hoe a space is left so that
the roots which are to remain in the ground may not be touched, and on

page_text: either side of each hoe a revolving or fixed disc or plate is situated to
protect the portion of the drill with the roots therein, which are not to
be removed, at the same or time cutting through the drill, and thereby
facilitating the removal of that portion together with the roots which
are operated upon by the hoes.