Improvements in the Treatment of Human Excreta and the Products of Combustion of Fires, by which each act upon the other and Destroy their Dangers and Disagreeables.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Apr., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 27th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 28th Mar., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment of Human Excreta and the Products
of Combustion of Fires, by which each act upon the other and
Destroy their Dangers and Disagreeables.
ROBERT COOKE SAYER of 11 Clyde Road Redland Bristol, Civil Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object is to utilise the properties of human excreta, slops from human
ablutions, and fires to destroy the dangers and disagreeables of each, with the
other, and more fully than hitherto to utilise the advantages of both.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION.
This object is attained by separating the solid from the liquid excreta at the
time of ejection, letting the former pass through a hinged seat, a pan, and a trap to
a chamber, be caught on a butterfly valve which turns over when the trap is closed
and the excreta falls, is thrust by the following through teeth, diverted by inclines,
and through a sieve to a receiver being desiccated in its course by heat obtained
directly from the hot gases of domestic or other fires.
The paper is drawn into a box and within reach of heat by a draft of air which,
through a pipe, is supplied to give combustion to the source of the desiccating
heat, which is also supplemented by air drawn into a pipe encircling the "reducer
trap, and so drawing down and burning any smell rising from the "reducer": the
paper is burnt in the box and its dust is drawn into the "reducer."
The liquid with the slops are distributed through a filter of coke and charcoal,
and thus purified forms a reservoir to cool the heat of desiccation which is
evaporated by it, the steam and desiccating impurities pass into the filter,.
condense, keeps its materials moist, assists its draft, and passes to the
atmosphere: the liquid goes on through a pipe with the filtering materials to a
closed valve, passes through a strainer, a water seal, a strainer valve, and strainer
half of a butterfly valve, to a hydraulic main and the drains, purified.
The filtering materials are swilled down from the filter to each valve and passes
on, when each is opened, to supply the fire with fuel and destroy the contained
impurities.
The gases and smoke of the fires are also lead to the hydraulic main in which
the soot precipitates: they are reheated by the fire, pass through coils of pipes to
heat the room, or direct through dampers to reheat the residual dust from the
"reducer," the excreta in it, goes over its liquid reservoir and assists its
evaporation, through the filter and to the atmosphere pure, being drawn up by the
heat of the fire, the "reducer or jets of burning gas, when required, with or
without the "reducer" vapours.-
"
Dated this 1st day of April 1895.

page_text: to the reservoir Db a plate Dg and passage De; the pipes Dd and De, the
supports of the hinges A a, the desiccating vessel E its paper box G and containing
vessel F; it carries the trap H, and sieve Hf, Fig. 2, to cover the paper box G
and give air to the burner Fd, it hinges on the spindle Ha that carries the
handle_He and wheel Hb, that by a pitch chain Ed works the wheel Ec and
valve E a.
The filter D is formed spirally or vertically to suit the available space and
relative positions of the desiccator E and the fire P, it carries the sieres Df,
Fig. 4, to retain its materials and let the purified liquid reach the reservoir Db by
the overflow Dk. The whole is carried by the gas supports L and flue La.
The desiccating vessel E is formed conically and of any length it has a butterfly
valve Ea which rotates with and on the spindle Eb that carries the wheel Ec; it
is fitted with rows of teeth Ee; inclines Ef; and exit sieve E leading through
the passage Eg to the reservoir Db; exits Ej with sieve Ek to a vessel M; and
exit El to the vessel F; and an inlet pipe Gc from the paper box G.
The vessel F contains the vessel E and passage Eg; the gas burner F d, its air
pipe Gd through which it also draws smells from the pan B, and the paper used
to the box G, which is stopped by its sieve within reach of the gas burner Ge, and
is burnt, its dust going to the vessel E by the pipe Gc; F also has a second fresh
air supply and draws smells down through the pipe Fa that connects with the
perforated pipes Hd and H, Figs. 1 and 3, at the top of the vessel E; a pipe Fb
conducts the spent heat from F to the pipe D d, goes to the atmosphere and creates
a draft through the filter D.
The vessel M has an exit trap Mb. for drawing off the residual dust; and
apertures Ma leading to its containing vessel Qc which leads to the flues La
Figs. 1 to 4 and Qb, Figs. 5 to 7 where P shows the fire-grate; O the mantle-
shelf; Oa the fender; Nm a water soot trap supplied with liquids from the
filter D and reservoir Db, Fig. 4, through pipes Ka and K so that the coke and
carbon are washed down from the distributor Da through valve Dh when open,
the filter D through the pipe K to the trap N c, Fig. 1 Sheet 4 which when closed
retains it and the liquid flows through the strainer Ny water seal Ne overflow to
and through a strainer trap Nh, and pipe Na, Fig. 5. the strainer part N / of the
trap Nj and by pipe N a under the bridge Pc to the soot trap N m and overflows
to the drain by the pipe Nn; when the trap N c, Fig. 1 Sheet 4, is opened by its
nut and spindle Nd the filtering materials are swilled by the liquid to the trap Nh
if opened by its handle Ns, to the trap Nj, Fig. 5, and when drained and Nj is
opened the filtering materials, the coke and carbon, go to the fire P by the
pipe No; the strainer of the pipe N k draws off moisture to the soot trap N m, the
sludge of which goes to the drain or elsewhere by the tap Nr and pipe N z.
The smoke and vapours of the fire P are drawn from the recess Pa, by its
smokeless heat that passes direct from the body of the fire through apertures or
pipes to the flue Pb, or direct into the desiccator E, when close enough, and jets of
gas when required by reason of its remote position, so that it goes under the
bridge Pc, Figs. 5 to 7, of the soot trap Nm to the flues Pk, Pb, the valve Qa
and flue Qb, Fig. 1, thence to the vessels Qc, M and E passage Ey, filter D,
passage De and pipe Dd and the atmosphere.
The grate P is fixed with a space between it and the wall S and its heat draws
fresh air into the space through the pipe Ph which ascends into the room through
apertures in the shelf O.
When the gas to be burnt is not impure the vessel Nb, trap Ne and water
Beal Ne are omitted and it goes direct to the burners Fd and Ge.
The working is as follows when the desiccator is so remote from the fires as to
necessitate gas.
The burners Fd and Ge, Figs. 1 to 3, being lit, the seat A if raised to send
slops down the hopper Ba, is lowered, the trap H normally closing the desiccator E
and box G is raised by the lever He, this by the wheels Hb and Ec turns the
valve Ea, as shown to receive the solid excreta.

page_text: The liquid excreta goes by the hopper Ba, valve Dh and trough Da, through
its perforations to the filter D and overflows at Dk to the reservoir Db. pipes Ka
and K. strainer Ng, water seal Ne, overflows to vessel Nb valve Nh, pipe N a,
Figs. 5 to 7, wing N of valve Nj, the water soot trap Nm, and pipe N n to the
drain; leakage at Nj is caught by pipe Nk; it thus wets all the filtering materials,
the carbon and coke washes them down and cleanses itself.
The paper used is drawn into the box G, Figs. 1 to 3, by the draft in the air
pipe Gd, stopped at its strainer, burnt by the gas jet Ge, anil the dust is drawn
under the hood Gb by the draft in the pipe Ge and goes to the desiccator E.
Pure air and smell are drawn down the pipes Gd, He, Hd and Fa and burnt by
the desiccating heat.
After use the trap H is closed, the valve Ea takes the dotted position strikes
the projection Em, jerks the excreta into the lower part of the vessel E, it is
divided and diverted by the teeth Ee and inclines Ef, and evaporates, the residue
becomes a cinder, is cut up by the lower teeth Ee and crushed through the
sieve Ek to the vessel M, and extracted at the trap Mb; its vapours are deflected
by the valve Ea to the strainer Eh passage Eg the reservoir Db, is condensed,
generates steam, and passes through the pipe De, strainers Df, filter D passage D c
and pipe Dd to the atmosphere.
The lower smokeless heat of the fire passes direct from the grate P, Figs. 5 to 7
to the flue Pb, which draws the upper smoky part from the recess Pa, it impinges
upon and leaves its soot in the liquid of the soot trap Nm, goes through the
strainer Pk is reheated in the flue Pb and all go through the valve Qa to the
pipe Q, Figs. 1 to 2, the vessels Qc, M and desiccator E reservoir Db filter D
pipe D and the atmosphere.
The radiant heat from the back and sides of the grate P, Figs. 5 to 7, draws
pure air through pipe Ph which ascends heated into the room.
The gas for the burners Fd and Ge, when impure passes through the pipe Na,
Fig. 1 Sheet 4, the vessel N b and pipe c and is prevented from entering pipe K,
Fig. 1 Sheet 1, by a water seal Ne, on its way it passes through and is cleansed by
the wetted filtering materials the coke and carbon which are inserted into the
filter D at the traps J Figs. 1 to 3 and retained by the sieves Df but washed down
by the liquid from the hopper Ba to the pipe K, valves N c, Nh and Nj, Figs. 5
to 7, and as fuel feeds the fire by pipe No.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1st. The utilisation of the properties of human excreta and water of ablutions,
and the products of combustion from fires by the action of each upon the other for
neutralising and destroying the dangers and disagreeables of each, and to more fully
utilise than hitherto the beneficial properties of both substantially as described and
shown on the drawings.
2nd. Together for separating solid excreta from the liquid and slops, when
ejected, together with letting the former fall through a pan and trap into a
desiccating chamber, usually closed, catching it upon a butterfly valve that is
rotated and closed each way by their spindle wheels and pitch chain, jerking the
excreta to the lower part of the desiccating chamber which is thrust down by
succeeding cut up by teeth, diverted by inclines, and all becomes desiccated by the
smokeless heat of the fires passing direct to it and the smoky, which it, and other
heut when necessary draws to a soot trap, it is crushed through a sieve to a
chamber for extraction; for deflecting the vapour and heat to the soiled face of
the valve, a sieve, a reservoir of the liquid condensing its vapours, evaporating the
liquid, enter the filter with the steam be condensed, and keep its materials moist,
and drawing the residue to the atmosphere by the heat of desiccation, that of the
fires, and the condensation of the steam and vapours, and on its way warming the
room by its radiant heat substantially as described, and shown on the drawings.

page_text: 3rd. Together for sending the liquid to a hopper of the pan a valve, a perforated
distributor, all parts of a spiral or vertical filter of coke and charcoal the said
reservoir, a pipe down which it swills the filtering materials. to a valve that stops
them, but the liquid passes on to a sieve, water seal, perforated valve, the perforated
half of a butterfly valve supplies a water soot trap fixed at a suitable level to purify
the vapours from the fire; and goes to the drain; for arresting the filtering
materials at each valve, passing them on by opening each to the fire for fuel with
its impurities substantially as described and shown on the drawings.
4th. Together for providing the desiccator with a paper box into which the
paper after use is drawn with and by air passing through a pipe to the source of
desiccating heat for its combustion, stopping the paper at its sieve entrance within
range of heat that burns it, the dust being drawn to the desiccator by its heat; for
drawing air similarly into a second perforated pipe that circulates the edge of the
trap closing the desiccator and its branch to the hopper for liquids for a like
purpose, and so. drawing down and burning all smell, with pure air, before it can
reach the operator substantially as described, and shown on the drawings.
5th. Together for forming the grate of fires with a deep recess to catch and lead
the smoke, vapour, and dust to the said soot precipitator of liquid, cleanse, and,
reheat them by the radiant heat of the fire passing through the walls and feathers
of the grate, as they pass round it in the flue, or direct to reheat the dust of
desiccation, the excrement in the desiccator join the vapour of desiccation, when in
action, and when not, acting similarly to them on reservoir, filter and room; for
fixing the grate with an air space or chamber round its back and sides, and closed
in front, so that the radiant heat passing through its walls, flues and pipes, shall
draw pure air into the space which passes heated into the room and warms it
substantially as described and showu on the drawings.
6th. For the adaptation of suitable parts of the whole to the requirements of
existing water closets and fires and the like substantially as described and shown
on the drawings.
Dated this 20th day of April 1895.
ROBERT COOKE SAYER.