IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING, AND IN LOOMS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michael Henry, of 84, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING,
AND IN LOOMS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."-A communication from
Mr. F. Durand and Mr. Pradel.
Sealed the 20th May 1859, and dated the 4th December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Michael Henry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
December 1858.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 84, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WEAVING, AND IN LOOMS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," communi-
cated to me by Mr. F. Durand and M. Pradel, foreigners residing abroad, to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode and means applicable to the weaving of
shawls of various colors and patterns, and various other fabrics, also ribbons,
small ware, &c. By means of these improvements colored threads intended
to produce a figured effect, or to contribute to the design or pattern, &c., will
be interwoven only at the precise spot at which they are required to appear.
A most important feature consists in the employment, arrangement, and
method of action of a number of weft bobbin carriers or hooks, rods, or pins
fitted to the loom or apparatus, and carrying weft bobbins or pirns, and which
effect in respect of the weft what the jacquard effects for the warp, so as to

page_text: produce or form a weft pattern in parts, and so that a very large number of
small colored wefts may be kept on the same line and in the same direction.
The accompanying Drawings exemplify an arrangement of loom con-
structed according to this Invention, being the form preferred. Figure 1 is
a front view, with the fore frame carrying the cloth beam removed; Figures
2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 parts; Figure 8, side view. A, A, is the framework, con-
sisting of four frame pieces bolted together, and bound by cross beams
supporting the axes and spindles of various parts of the apparatus; B, main
driving shaft, supported in the side frames, and having keyed on it strap
pullies C, C, for communicating motion to parts; when to be worked by
hand a fly wheel and handle D are fitted at the other end. E, shaft, parallel
to and beneath the shaft B, and driven by it through a train of wheels 1,
2, 3; F, shaft, lying between and transversely to B and E, carrying a toothed
wheel 4, caused to work partly round and back again, or backward and
forward by a crank G, one pin of which is attached to one of the arms or
radii of this wheel 4, and the other to a crank H, keyed on and actuated by
a shaft I, lying transversely to shaft E, which drives it through gearing 5, 6;
J is a pulley, mounted on-an axis at right angles to shaft B, and which, by
means of its band K acting on certain appliances, impart to-and-fro action to
the shuttle L, the band passing over pullies M to the shuttle's guideway; the
breadth of the pulley is regulated according to the length of the shuttle's
course, and it is driven by the wheel 4 and pinion 7, the length of H being so
regulated that for every revolution thereof the pinion 7 may also make one
revolution. N, N, (shewn in dotted lines, Figure 1,) are two. pickers, drivers,
or bolts, which alternately rise and fall, and engage the shuttle by the notches
or recesses formed beneath it, thereby drawing it into and out of the fabric,
for which purpose they run on rollers worked by the strap K, in an undulating.
guideway fitted in front, the configuration or surface whereof is such that
when one of the pickers drops after having driven the shuttle into the web, it
passes clear under the warp while the other picker rises, catches into the
shuttle, drives it to the other side, and vice versa. On standards P, P, in
front of the framework is fixed a horizontal bar or rail carrying a set of pins,
rods, or hooked pegs Q, forming bobbin carriers, arranged symmetrically and
equally in number on each side of the centre of the carrier. rail, and their
number and arrangement being regulated according to, the pattern or design
to be produced; they are so connected to the rail as to be allowed a certain
oscillation or play. At bottom they are hooked up, and carry weft bobbins or
pirns, which at certain intervals they leave in and remove from the shuttle;
at top they are connected by cords R, passing through eyelets and over

page_text: pullies, and having elastics or springs to a jacquard fitted at the upper part
of the loom, and they are also attached to cords S (also with caoutchouc
springs) which are held fast at the other end, and which when the pins are
not feeding in their bobbins keep them in the inclined position shewn in
Figure 8. The jacquard regulates the action, the reading of the cards
determining in the usual mode which of the pins Q is to be selected. When
the jacquard is raised, that cord R which is "read" in is drawn up, forcing
the corresponding cord S to release the pin Q from its inclined position, and
allow it to carry its bobbin to the shuttle, and when the jacquard drops, the
cord S draws the pin Q back again. T, T', are the connecting bars,
levers, &c., for working the jacquard actuated by cam U, keyed on shaft E;
V is a horizontal rail carrying loops or leases, through which the weft threads
pass in any desired number, being led along at back, and brought on to
rods V', where they are wound on reels with tension. weights, and they
also pass through loops brought down from the jacquard, which raise those.
which not being required for the work are not lifted by V. The rod V is
actuated by cams W, fixed right and left on the shaft E, and by levers and
rods Y. is the warp beam, with drag weight I', supported in brackets
cast with the frame. The weft threads not wanted for the work are so cleared.
out of the way by the jacquard, that the shuttle may shoot clear below them,
and the jacquard only acting when the shuttle has returned in the same shed,
the bobbin only traverses those threads which are left down by the jacquard
and lifted up by the rod V. Z is the reed or sley behind the bobbin,, worked
so as to come forward directly the jacquard drops, being actuated by excentrics
CE, keyed both sides to shaft E, (through connections H, M';) J', take-off
beam, receiving the web or fabric from the breast beam or tension roller K',
supported on brackets in front. In the front view Figure 2, and side view...
Figure 3, one of the bobbin carriers Q is shewn in the position in which it.
is. when, on the jacquard rising, the cord R brings it up to the shuttle. Each
pin Q is kept in a socket (in the carrier bar) by a pin a, but so as to allow it
the necessary play when acted on by the strings R and S, which is regulated.
by adjusting stop screws v, v. The pin carries the bobbin by such an arrange-
ment as this: it is forked at b, and each branch bent up at right angles into.
a hook c, in which rests the bobbin, its spindle being held by curved springs
screwed at i to the fork b; the branches whereof are covered by a convex cap,
on each of which is a small lever or bar f, having one arm extending beyond
the prong to which it is fitted, and the other abutting against it, so that it
can only move in one direction (a spring restoring it to place). Figure 4 is
a plan, Figure 5 vertical section through line x, y, of, Figure 4, and Figure 6

page_text: transverse section, through line w, z, of Figure 5 of the shuttle L, and an
arrangement of gear. g is a disc, having a lip in front fixed at right angles
under the shuttle, acting as a guideway to the bobbin when brought by the
pin Q. To this disc 9 are screwed projecting rails h, the bottom j being a
moveable plate resting on a spring below. Each plate j has on one side a
studo, against which abut the journals of the bobbin, and on the other a rib
at the opposite edge. Now, when the required bobbin is brought by the
carrier pin Q to the shuttle, it is caught in the space between the rails h, h,
and being held by the studs o, the fork b is twirled round, whereby the bars f
work on their centres, and the springs i, losing their hold on the bobbin, leave
it in the shuttle; but when a pin Q with no bobbin arrives in the opposite
direction, the levers or bars not being free to work on their centres, press on
the plates, and force them down, and with them the studs o, which thus
release the bobbin, and restore it to the hooks c, so that the pin Q may carry
it away with it when brought back to position by the cord S when the
jacquard falls.
Figure 7 shews an arrangement employed for adapting the loom for weaving
ribbons, laces, and such small ware, such as are commonly made on bar looms.
Here a suitable number of bolts, drivers, or pickers N are employed, which
take hold of and throw the shuttles working on wheels or rollers, travelling in
undulating guideways m, which lift and drop the pickers, so that they may
alternately seize and release the shuttle. These pickers are mounted on a
carrier bar, caused to move to and fro; thus, any number of shuttles be
employed actuated at the same time, and acting in like manner.
may
The arrangements may be readily applied to apparatus for weaving with a
number of small pirns or shuttles (metiers à spouliner). I do not, of course,
restrict myself to the exact details shewn and described as exemplifying this
Invention.
- SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Michael Henry in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 36
4th June 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MICHAEL
HENRY, of 84, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 3.
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord.

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
Iler reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Michael Henry, Her special licence that I, the said Michael
Henry, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others, as I, the
said Michael Henry, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN WEAVING, AND IN LOOMS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," com-
municated to me by Mr. F. Durand and Mr. Pradel, foreigners residing
abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Michael Henry,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Michael Henry, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bé
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, as communicated to me, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say:-
This Invention relates to a mode and means applicable to the weaving of
shawls of various colors and patterns, and of various other fabrics, also of
ribbons, small ware, &c. By means of these improvements colored threads
intended to produce a figured effect, or to contribute to the design or pattern,
&c. will be interwoven only at the precise spot at which they are required to
appear.
A most important feature consists in the employment, arrangement,
and method of action of a number of weft bobbin carriers, or hooks, rods, or
pins fitted to the loom or apparatus, and carrying weft bobbins or pirns, and
which effect in respect of the weft, what the jacquard effects for the warp, so
as to produce or form a weft pattern in parts, and so that a very large number
of small colored wefts may be kept on the same line and in the same direction.
The accompanying Drawings exemplify an arrangement of loom constructed
according to this Invention, being the form preferred. Figure 1, Sheet I., is a
front view, with the front brackets carrying the cloth beam removed; Figures
2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, details. Figure 7, Sheet II., side view. A, A, is the frame-

page_text: work or "castings" consisting of four frame pieces bolted together and bound
by cross beams' supporting the axes and spindles of various parts of the appa-
ratus; B is the main driving shaft, supported in the side frames; C, C, are
strap pulleys keyed on the shaft B, for communicating motion to certain parts.
When the loom is to be worked by hand, a. fly wheel and handle D are fitted
at the other end of the shaft B; E is a shaft parallel to and beneath the shaft
B, and driven by it through a train of wheels 1, 2, 3; F, shaft lying between
and transversely to the shafts B and E, and carrying a toothed wheel 4 caused
to work partly round and back again, or to and fro by a crank arm G, one pin
of which is attached to one of the arms or radii of this wheel 4, and the other
to a crank H keyed on one end of and actuated by a shaft I, lying transversely
to the shaft E, which drives it through gearing 5, 6; J is a pulley mounted
on an axis at right angles to the shaft B. This pulley J, by means of its band
K acting on certain intermediate appliances, as herein-after described, imparts
a to-and-fro action to the shuttle L, the band passing over pulleys M, M, to the
race. The pulley Jis driven by the wheel 4 and pinion 7; the breadth of this
pulley is regulated according to the length of the shuttle's course, and the
length of the crank H is so regulated that for every revolution thereof the
pinion 7 may also perform one revolution; N, N, (shewn in dotted lines,
Figure 1), are two pickers, drivers, or bolts, which alternately rise and fall, and
engage the shuttle by notches or recesses formed beneath it, thereby drawing
it into and out of the fabric, for which purpose they run on rollers 0, 0, worked
by the strap Kin an undulating guideway fitted at the front of the frame; the
configuration or surface of which guideway is such, that when one of the
pickers drops, after having driven the shuttle into the web, it passes clear
under the warp, while the other picker rises, catches into the shuttle, drives it
to the other side, and vice versa. On standards P, P, in front of the frame-
work is fixed a straight horizontal bar or rail carrying a set of pins, rods, or
hooked pegs Q, Q, Q, forming bobbin carriers arranged symmetrically and in
equal number on each side of the centre of the carrier rail, their number and
arrangement being regulated according to the pattern or design to be produced.
They are so connected to the rail by sockets as to be allowed a certain oscilla-
tion or play. At bottom these rods or pegs are hooked up and carry weft
bobbins or pirns, which at certain intervals they leave in and remove from the
shuttle. At top they are connected by cords R, passing through eyelets and
over pulleys and furnished with elastics or springs, to a jacquard fitted at the
upper part of the loom; and they are also attached to cords S (also provided
with caoutchoue springs) which are held fast at the other end, and which cords,
when the pins Q are not employed in feeding in their bobbins, keep them in

page_text: the inclined position shown in Figure 7. The jacquard regulates the work,.
the "reading" in of the cards selecting the particular pin Q required. Thus.
when the jacquard rises, that cord R which is "read" in is drawn up, obliging
the corresponding cord S to release that particular pin Q to which it is
attached, from its inclined position, and allow it to carry its bobbin to the
shuttle; when the jacquard drops, the cord S draws the pin Qback again.
T, T', are the connecting bar levers, &c., for working the jacquard, actuated
by a cam U keyed on the shaft E; V is a horizontal rail carrying loops or
leases, through which the weft threads pass in any desired number, being led
along at back and brought on to rods V', where they are wound on reels with
tension weights, and they also pass through loops brought down from the
jacquard, which raises those which, not being required for the work, are not
lifted by the rail V. This rail V is actuated by cams W fixed right and left on
the shaft E, and by levers and rods Y. E is the warp beam fitted at the
back of the loom, being supported in brackets cast with the side frame pieces,
and provided with a drag weight I' for extending the warp threads. The weft
threads not wanted for the work are cleared out of the way by the jacquard in
such manner that the shuttle may shoot clear below them, and the jacquard
only acting when the shuttle has returned in the same shed, the bobbin only
traverses those threads which had been left down by the jacquard and lifted
up by the rod V; Z is the reed or sley fitted behind the bobbin, and so worked
as to come forward directly the jacquard drops, being actuated by excentrics
CE, keyed on to the shaft E, one on each side through connecting, cranks and
uprights H', H, M', M; J, Figure 7, is the take-off or cloth beam, receiving
the web or fabric from the breast beam or stretching roller K'. These beams
are supported in brackets in front of the frame. In the front view Figure 2,
and side view, Figure 3, one of the bobbin carriers Q is shewn in the position
in which it would be when the cord R brings it up to the shuttle (that is to
say, on the jacquard's rising). Each pin Q is held in a socket in the carrier
rail by a pin a, but in such manner as to be allowed the necessary play when
acted on by the cords R and S, its motion being regulated by adjusting
stop screws v, v. The pin Q carries its bobbin by such an arrangement as this.
The pin Q is forked or branched at bottom, and each branch or arm 6 is bent
up at right angles into a hook c, in which rests the bobbin d, its spindle being
held by curved springs attached by screws i to the fork b, each branch of which
is covered by a convex cap e, on each of which is a small lever or bar f, having
one arm extending beyond the branch to which it is fitted, and the other
abotting against the thickness of the branch, so that it (f) can only move in

page_text: one direction, namely, forward, a spring restoring it to place. Figure 4 is a
plan of the shuttle L with its arrangements shewn after having received a
bobbin d from a carrier Q; Figure 5, vertical section through line x, y, of
Figure 4; and Figure 6, transverse section through line w, z, of Figure 5. g is
a disc having a lip in front fixed at right angles under the shuttle, and acting
as a guideway to the bobbin d when brought up by its pin Q. To this disc g
are screwed projecting rails h, the bottom j being a moveable plate resting on
a spring below; each plate j has on one side a stud o¹, against which abut the
journals of the bobbin d, and on the other is a rib formed at the opposite edge.
Now, when the required bobbin is brought by its carrier pin Q to the shuttle,
it is caught in the space between the rails h, h, and being held by the studs o¹, o',
the fork is twirled round, whereby the bars f work on their centres, and the
springs attached at i losing their hold on the bobbin, leave it in the shuttle;
but when a pin Q with no bobbin comes in the opposite direction, the levers or
bars, not being free to work on their centres, press on the plates j. and force
them down, and with them the studs o¹, o', which thus release the bobbin and
restore it to the hooks c, so that the pin Q may carry it away with it when
such pin has been brought back to position by its cord S on the falling or
dropping of the jacquard.
Figure 8 shews an arrangement in which the loom is adapted for weaving
ribands, laces, and such small ware as are commonly made on bar or small
ware looms; here a suitable number of bolts, drivers, or pickers N are employed,
which take hold of and throw the shuttles working on wheels or rollers
travelling in undulating guideways m, which lift and drop the pickers, so that
they may alternately seize and release the shuttle. These pickers are mounted
on a carrier bar caused to move to and fro. Thus any number of shuttles may
be employed actuated at the same time, and acting in a similar manner.
The arrangements may be readily applied to apparatus for weaving with
a number of pirns or shuttles (metiers à spouliner). Of course I do not
restrict myself to the exact details represented in the Drawings and
herein-before described as exemplifying the manner of carrying the Invention
into effect, as the same may be varied, provided that the general character of
the Invention be retained.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the mode of weaving by means of apparatus constructed, arranged,
and operating as herein-before described.
Second, the general arrangement and combination of parts and method of

page_text: action of loom or weaving apparatus, as herein-before described, operating in
such manner as to interweave the colored thread intended to produce the
pattern or design at such point or points only as it is required to appear.
Third, the employment and application in apparatus for weaving of bobbin
carriers or hooks, pegs, rods, or pins carrying bobbins or pirns, and so arranged
and operated as to effect for the weft what the jacquard effects for the warp, and
in such manner as to produce a weft pattern in parts, and allow of a number of
small colored wefts being kept on the same line and in the same direction.
Fourth, the particular arrangement and combination of parts of the machinery
herein-before described and represented in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth, the adaptation of this arrangement of loom or apparatus in sub-
stitution for the bar or small ware loom, by the employment and combination of
a number of bolts, drivers, or pickers, working in an undulated guideway, and
actuating a number of shuttles simultaneously.
In witness whereof, I, the said Michael Henry, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of June, in the year One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine.
0
Witness,
S. E. A. NEWSOME,
Office for Patents,
84, Fleet Street, London.
M. HENRY. (L.S.)