Improvements in Certain Kinds of Distemper Brushes and the like and in the Manufacture of the same, and in an Appliance to be Used in the said Manufacture.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Jan., 1834
Complete Specification Left, 31st Aug.. 1894-Accepted, 6th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Certain Kinds of Distemper Brushes and the like
and in the Manufacture of the same, and in an Appliance to be
Used in the said Manufacture.
I, FRANK WOODMAN, of Waterloo Villa, Drayton Road, Kings Heath,
Worcestershire, Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to those distemper brushes and other like brushes
in which the bristles or fibre are arranged in and fixed to the stock or handle in
two or more large knots the ordinary method of securing the knots of bristles or
fibre to the stock or handle being by means of copper wire or string which binds
the bristles or fibre to the stock or handle. This method of securing the bristles
or fibre to the stock or handle is comparatively expensive as it can only be
properly done by experienced workmen. By my invention I secure the two or
more knots of bristles or fibre to the stock or handle by means of a metal band or
metal bands as hereinafter described thereby dispensing with the copper wire
or string binding and enabling the brush to be produced at a cheaper rate than
heretofore the knots of bristles or fibre being quite as secure as when bound to
the stock or handle by wire or by string in the usual way. My invention also
comprises an appliance which I use in fixing the knots of bristles or fibre to the
stock or handle by the strip or strips of metal as hereinafter described.
I will describe my invention as applied to a two knot distemper brush or other
like brush.
In carrying out my invention the stock or handle has a short longitudinal cross
saw cut at the centre as is usual when the knots of bristles or fibre are secured by
binding with wire or string. I place one half of each of the knots of bristles or
fibre on one side of the stock or handle and the other half of each of the knots
of bristles or fibre on the other side of the stock or handle and there secure
them by two strips of thin sheet metal which are placed in the central cross cut
in the stock or handle and the strips are then respectively bent round the
knots of bristles or fibre and the ends of the strips secured to the sides of
the stock or handle by small tacks or nails. The ends of the bristles or fibre
are dipped in cement either before or after being fixed to the stock by the metal
bands as aforesaid so as to prevent their pulling out of the metal bands and they
are burnt off level at the ends.
In order to facilitate the fixing of the metal bands round the knots of bristles or
fibre as aforesaid I employ a vice the jaws of which instead of being straight as
usual are made with two or more hollows corresponding in shape and size with the
number of knots of bristles or fibre which the brush is required to have.
Then when the half knots of bristles or fibre are placed at the sides of the
stock or handle and the strip of metal is bent round them as aforesaid, the brush
is placed in the vice and the jaws closed together which has the effect of pressing
the metal bands round the knots and holding them firmly against the stock or
handle whilst the ends of the bands are nailed as above described.
My invention is applied to distemper brushes and other like brushes made with
three or more knots similarly as above described with reference to a distemper
brush or other like brush made with two knots.
When the brush has three or more knots each of the two metal strips may pass
from one side of the brush round one half knot then through the cross slot round

page_text: the half central knot on the other side of the stock or handle then through the
other cross slit and round the half of the third knot and be there secured to the
sides of the stock or handle as stated above or one metal band may secure one of
the knots and the other metal band be bent like the figure 8 to secure the other
two knots the band being slit to halve together where it crosses or when the brush
has four knots the knots may be secured in pairs by two strips bent like the
figure 8. When the brush is made with two knots as stated above I may either
employ two metal bands to secure the knots or one metal band may pass round
both knots like the figure 8 and be slit to halve together where the band passes
through the cross slit in the stock or handle.
Dated this 6th day of January 1894.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Certain Kinds of Distemper Brushes and the like
and in the Manufacture of the same, and in an Appliance to be
Used in the said Manufacture.
I, FRANK WOODMAN. of Waterloo Villa, Drayton Road, Kings Heath,
Worcestershire, Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to those distemper brushes and other like brushes
in which the bristles or fibre are arranged in and fixed to the stock or handle in
two or more large knots the ordinary method of securing the knots of bristles or
fibre being by means of copper wire or string which binds the bristles or fibre to
the stock or handle. This method of securing the bristles or fibre to the stock or
handle is comparatively expensive as it can only be properly done by experienced
workmen. By my invention I secure the two or more knots of bristles or fibre to
the stock or handle by means of a metal band or metal bands as hereinafter
described thereby dispensing with the copper wire or string binding and enabling
the brush to be produced at a cheaper rate than heretofore the knots of bristles or
fibre being quite as secure as when bound to the stock or handle by wire or by
string in the usual way. My invention also comprises an appliance which I use in
fixing the knots of bristles or fibre to the stock or handle by the strip or strips of
metal as hereinafter described.
My invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings on which
Fig. is a front elevation of a two knot distemper brush or other like brush
constructed in accordance wth this invention and Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of the
distemper brush ;
Fig. 3. is a sectional plan of the brush Figs. 1 and 2 placed between the jaws of
the vice ready for the jaws to close as shewn in Fig. 4 and hold the metal strips
which bind the knots of bristles or fibre to the stock or handle as hereinafter
described whilst they are being nailed;
Figs. 5, 6 and 7 each shew an alternative arrangement of the metal strips of the
two knot distemper brush;
Fig. 8 is a front elevation of a three knot distemper brush or other like brush
made according to this invention and
Fig. 9 is a sectional plan of the same on line Y Y of Fig. 8;
Fig. 10 illustrates an alternative arrangement of the metal strips for the three
knot distemper brush.
The same letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding parts in all the
figures of the drawings.

page_text: I will first refer to Figs. 1 to 4 both inclusive and describe my invention as
applied to a two knot distemper brush or other like brush.
In carrying out my invention the stock or handle A has a short longitudinal
cross cut a at the centre see Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 as is usual when the knots of
bristles or fibre are secured by binding with wire or a string. I place one half of
each of the two knots B¹ B² of bristles or fibre on one side of the stock or
handle A and the other half of each of the knots of bristles or fibre on the other
side of the stock or handle as is usual when the knots are secured by string or wire
and I there secure the knots by the two strips C₁ C² of sheet metal which are
placed in the central cross cut a in the stock or handle A see Fig. 3 and the
strips C1 C2 are then respectively bent round the knots of bristles or fibre B1 B2
and the ends of the strips are secured to the sides of the stock or handle A by
small tacks or nails d driven through the strips into the stock or handle. The
bottom ends 6 of the bristles or fibre are dipped in cement either before or after
being fixed to the stock A by the metal bands C¹ C² as aforesaid so as to prevent
their pulling out of the metal bands and they are burned off at their ends.
Then when
In order to facilitate the fixing of the metal bands C₁ C2 round the knots of
bristles or fibre B' B2 as aforesaid I employ a vice the jaws E¹ E2 of which instead
of being straight as usual are as shewn by Figs. 3 and 4 made with two hollows e
corresponding in shape and size with the two knots of bristles or fibre.
the half knots of bristles or fibre B¹ B' are placed at the sides of the stock or
handle and the strips of metal C'C' are bent round them as above described the
brush is placed in the vice the jaws being open as shown in Fig. 3 and then the
jaws EE are closed together as shewn in Fig. 4 which has the effect of pressing
the metal bands C1 C2 round the knots B' B2 and holding them firmly against the
stock or handle A whilst the ends of the bands C¹ C2 are hammered down against
the sides of the stock or handle and nailed as above described.
Fig. 5 illustrates an alternative arrangement of the two metal bands C¹ C in
which the band C' is altogether on one side of the handle and secures one half of
each of the two knots B₁ B² and the other band C2² is altogether on the other side
of the handle and secures the other half of each of the knots B1 B2 and in addition
to the ends of the two strips being nailed at d to the sides of the stock or handle the
strips are also nailed between the knots by nails f passing through the strips and
the stock or handle from front to back the nail points being clenched over.
The arrangement illustrated by Fig. 6 is similar to that shewn by Fig. 5 except
that instead of using the two strips C1 C2 I use only one strip which is equal in
length to the two strips C1 C2 together.
In order to facilitate driving in the nails between the knots B¹ B² when the
metal strips are arranged as shewn in Figs. 5 and 6 each of the jaws E' E' of the
vice is by preference made with a cross slot or hole g as shewn in Figs. 3 and 4 so
that the nails can be driven through the strips C1 C2 and through the stock or
handle and the points of the nails clenched over whilst the brush is being held in
the vice.
In the alternative arrangement of the two strips C' C² shewn by Fig. 7 both the
strips are cross slit half through at the centre so as to half together. As in the
other arrangements the ends of the strips are fixed by being nailed to the sides of
the stock or handle.
My invention is applied to distemper brushes and other like brushes made with
three or more knots similarly as above described with reference to a distemper
brush or other like brush made with two knots.
Figs. 8 and 9 shew what I consider to be the best way to make a three knot
distemper brush or other like brush in accordance with this invention and it will
be seen that in this arrangement one of the strips C₁ is fixed on one side of the
brush to secure the halves of the three knots B1 B2 B3 and the other strip C² is
secured on the other side of the brush to secure the other halves of the three
knots B' B2 B3 the ends of the strips being nailed to the sides of the stock or
handle A by nails d as in the two knot brushes above described. The strips C¹ C²

page_text: are secured between the knots by means of nails f driven through the strips C' C³
and through the stock or handle and the points of the nails clenched over. It will
be understood that the jaws of the vice which I use when fixing the strips C¹ C² of
the three knot distemper brush are made with three of the depressions e so as to
suit and fit against the three knots B¹ B2 B³.
Fig. 10 shews an alternative method of arranging the two strips C¹ C³ for the
three knot distemper brush or other like brush. In this arrangement one of the
strips C' is passed through a cross slot a in the stock or handle one half of the strip
projecting as shewn by dotted lines on one side of the stock or handle and the other
half of the strip projecting on the other side of the same. These two halves of the
strip are then bent round the two knots B' B2 and fixed as above described so as to
secure these two knots B¹ B² to the stock or handle. The other knot B³ is secured
by the other strip C2 which is inserted in the cross slot a and the strip is bent
round the halves of the third knot B³ and the ends nailed at d to the stock or
handle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. In two knot distemper brushes and other like two knot brushes, securing
the halves of the two knots of bristles or fibre to the wide sides of the stock or
handle by means of two metal strips C1 C2 which are inserted in the central cross
slot a of the stock or handle and bent round the knots and the ends of the strips
nailed to the narrow sides of the stock or handle all substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
2. In two knot distemper brushes and other like two knot brushes, securing the
two halves of the two knots of bristles or fibre to the wide sides of the stock or
handle by means of two metal strips C1 C2 which are fixed to the stock or handle
by cross nails between the two knots and are also bent round the halves of the
knots and the ends of the strips nailed to the narrow sides of the stock or handle
all substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Fig. 5 of the
accompanying drawings.
3. In two knot distemper brushes and other like two knot brushes, securing the
halves of the two knots of bristles or fibre to the wide sides of the stock or handle
by means of a metal strip such as shewn by Fig. 6 which is fixed to the stock or
handle by cross nails between the two knots and is also bent round the knots and
the ends of the strip nailed to one of the narrow sides of the stock or handle, all
substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. In two knot distemper brushes and other like two knot brushes, securing the
halves of the two knots of bristles or fibre to the wide sides of the stock or handle
by means of two metal strips CC2 which are halved together centrally and
inserted in the central cross slot a of the stock or handle and bent round the knots
and the ends of the strips nailed to the narrow sides of the stock or handle all
substantially as herein before described with reference to Fig. 7 of the accompanying
drawings.
5. In three knot distemper brushes and other like three knot brushes, securing
the halves of the three knots of bristles or fibre to the wide sides of the stock or
handle by means of two metal strips C¹ C2 which are fixed to the stock or handle by
cross nails between the three knots and are also bent round the half knots and the ends
of the strips nailed to the narrow sides of the stock or handle all substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 8 and 9 of the accompanying
drawings.
6. In three knot distemper brushes and other like three knot brushes, securing
the halves of the three knots of bristles or fibre to the wide sides of the stock or
handle by means of two metal strips CC which are in-etted in a cross slot a in
the stuck or handle between two of the knots and are bent round the half knots and
the ends of the strips nailed to the narrow sides of the stock or handle one of the

page_text: strips being also nailed between two of the knots all substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Fig. 10 of the accompanying drawings.
7. The improved vice made with two or more recesses such as e in each of its
jaws shaped substantially as described and shewn by Figs. 3 and 4 so as to fit
around and hold the metal strips and knots of bristles or fibre and the stock or
handle whilst the strips are being nailed as herein before set forth.
Dated this 30th day of August 1894.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.