Improvements in Type Writing Machines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 12th Oct., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type Writing Machines.
I, ERNST WENTSCHER, of Gleditschstrasse in the City of Berlin, Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to type writers, in which the types are provided on a
cylinder to be rotated and shifted on its axis and swung against the paper carrier;
and the object of my improvements is to provide means for rotating, shifting and
instantaneously and exactly stopping the type cylinder by depressing a key.
I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings,
in which
Fig. 1 is a side view, the left hand side frame being removed;
Fig. 2 a top view broken away at the right;
Fig. 3 a front and sectional view through line x-x of Fig. 1 and corresponding
to Fig. 2.
Figs. 4-10 are details and modifications of my invention hereinafter fully
described.
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
The key levers 3, provided with finger plates 4, are loosely mounted on a shaft I,
fixed to the side frames A and held in position by springs 2. Rods 5 6 7 extend
underneath the key levers, and are connected respectively by rods 8 9 10 to
levers 11 12 13 fixed to the ends of swinging shafts 14 15 16, which are journaled
in the side frames A and kept in position by springs 17, Fig. 2, surrounding the
said shafts. A lever 18, fixed to shaft 14, bears with a pin 19 against a lever 20
controlling the shifting movement of the paper carriage 21, and is connected by a
rod 22 to the swinging frame 23 of the type cylinder 24, which latter is thus swung
against the paper carrier 25 at each key stroke.
The paper carriage 21 is guided in rails 26 of a movable frame, the end
pieces 26 of which slide along the inside of the side frames A and are connected
by rods 27 to levers 28 mounted on a shaft 29. A spring 31, actuating lever 28,
thus holds the frame 26 26¹ and the paper carriage in the rear position, as illustrated
in the drawings, and returns it thereto whenever removed therefrom by depressing
the upper case shifting key 30 attached to lever 28.
The paper carriage 21 is drawn from the right to the left by a spring, as
commonly, and controlled in its step by step movement by pawls 32 33 pivoted to a
plate 34 of the carriage, and by a toothed rack 35, fixed to levers 36 of a swinging
shaft. 37 extending between the end pieces 26' of the frame 26, 26'.
Shaft 37 carries the above mentioned lever 20, and a spring 38 tends to keep
rack 35 in engagement with pawl 33 and out of engagement with pawl 32, and
lever 20 in a raised position. Pawl 32 is actuated by a spiral spring 39 wound on
the shaft of the pawl, so as to hold the pin 40, fixed to this shaft, in contact with
a stop 41 of plate 34. Pawl 33 is turned outwards. beyond pawl 32 by a flat
spring 42, Fig. 2, fixed to the latter pawl and bearing against a pin 43 projecting
downwards from pawl 32, as illustrated in Fig. 2, and a pin 44 of pawl 33, Fig. 1,
bearing against a pin 45 of pawl 32, stops the movement of pawl 33. By these
means the step by step movement of the paper carriage is performed in the well
known manner, that is to say, the latter remains stationary, when, by depressing a
key, rack 35 passes from engagement with pawl 33 into engagement with pawl 32;

page_text: and is shifted the distance of one tooth, when, by releasing the key, rack 35 is
returned to its normal position by spring 38.
These movements of rack 35 are
performed at each key stroke by means of the above mentioned connections
5 8 11 14 18 19 20; and Fig. 1 shows the said parts in their working position, one
of the keys ""being supposed to be depressed.
The space key 46, Figs. 1 and 2, is provided with a recess 47 opposite to rod 5
and with a hook 48 at its upper side, extending over the lever 20. Thus by
depressing the space key the type cylinder is not swung downwards against the
paper carrier 25, the latter only being shifted, as required. Lever 20 is reached
as well by the pin 19 as by the hook 48 in each position of the frame 26 26'.
The line by line turning movement of the paper carrier 25 is effected in any
well known manner.
The ink ribbon 49 passes over a guide piece 50 fixed to the swinging frame 23
and is wound on reels 52 53 journaled in arms 51 of the frame. It is shifted by
ratchet wheels 54 55 on the shafts of the reels and a spring actuated pawl 56
pivoted to a lever 57, turning on the swinging axis of the frame 23. Lever 57 is
to be adjusted and fixed in the adjusted position or held therein by friction, so
as to bring pawl 56 into engagement with the teeth either of wheel 54 or 55,
when the type cylinder 24 swings upwards, in order to shift the reels 52 53 and
the ribbon in either or in the other sense, as indicated by arrows in Fig. 1. The
upwards swinging movement of the type cylinder is effected by a spring 58 fixed
to the frame 23.
The
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section of the type cylinder 24 and its swinging
frame 23. The cylinder is fixed to a shaft 59, which passes freely through a
sleeve 60 turning in the frame 23 and held in position by collars 61 62.
turning movement of the cylinder is effected by means of a pinion 63 fixed to the
sleeve 60, and by fingers 64 projecting from a disc 65 forming the end of sleeve 60,
and passing freely through longitudinal openings of the cylinder. Thus the latter
is enabled to be turned and simultaneously longitudinally shifted with its shaft.
1. The types are arranged in sections" """" "" "" "e" "f" on the outer
surface of the cylinder, forming longitudinal rows. The upper case letters and
figures are placed in the sections "d" "e" "ƒ.” When printing an upper case
letter or figure the paper carriage is shifted by depressing the shifting key 30,
whilst in the position illustrated in the drawings a lower case letter of section "d"
is to be printed, the type cylinder, which should normally print a letter of
section "," having been longitudinally shifted the distance of two sections, as
will be presently described.
a
The shifting movement of the type cylinder is effected by a forked lever 66
pivoted in supports 67 of the framework and engaging by its slotted ends with
pins 68 of a swivel joint 69 of shaft 59, Fig. 4. Lever 66 is actuated by a
spring 70, Fig. 1, so as to normally hold the cylinder in contact with disc 65 of
sleeve 60, and in a position to print a letter of section "," or of section "," the
shifting key 30 simultaneously having been depressed.
In order to priut a letter of sections """"
"e" or 66 "d" the cylinder is to
be shifted the distance of one or two sections respectively. This shifting movement
is effected by levers 71 and 72 fixed to the above mentioned swinging shafts 15
and 16 respectively, and by means of the connections 6 9 12 and 7 10 13 referred
to heretofore.
"
a
Levers 71 72 are placed to both sides of lever 66, the lower part of which is
provided at each side with two pins projecting from the lever, as shown in Fig. 1
with reference to the pins 73 74, which engage with lever 72. Key "g" Leing
depressed takes along with the rod 7 and lever 72, which by actuating pin 74
swings the lever 66 to the left of Fig. 1, and correspondently shifts the type
cylinder, as represented Fig. 1. This swinging movement is stopped by the pin 73,
when the latter reaches the end of lever 72, and the type cylinder is shifted exactly
the distance of two sections so as to bring section "d" into printing position.
Likewise by depressing a key, which takes along with the rod 6, lever 71 by

page_text: "
means of pins 73' 74', Fig. 2, performs the shifting movement of the type cyliu ler
a distance of one section, whilst it remains in its normal position and in contact
with disc 65 by depressing a key, which actuates neither of the rods 6 7.
Accordingly thereto the keys are divided into three groups "k
'm,"
Fig. 1, and provided with suitable recesses at their under edges in such manner
that the keys forming the group "artnate neither of the rods 6 7, whilst the
keys of the group "" take along with rod 6 and those of the group
only. Lever 66 is returned to its normal position by the spring 70 whenever
removed therefrom.
દ
"
m rod 7
The turning movement of the type cylinder is performed by analogous means, as
best shown in Fig. 3. The key levers 3, excepted the three middlemost ones, pass
by threes through frames 75 vertically suspended by rods 76 on levers 77 to 81
pivoting to both sides of a vertical cross plate B, which extends between the side
frames A of the machine. There are two systems of levers 77 to 81 symmetrically
arranged to the middle of the machine, the levers 77 78 79 of each system
being placed at the front side of plate B and the levers 80 81 at the rear side
thereof.
In Fig. 3 of the drawings the front levers 77 78 79 of the right hand system are
omitted, and the rear levers 80 81 indicated by dotted lines, whilst in Fig. 2 but
the left hand lever system is shown, and the corresponding right hand system is
omitted by reason of being a mere repeating of the former one. In Fig. 1 the
levers 77 to 81 are altogether omitted, for sake of clearly showing the other parts
of the machine, the frames 75 and connecting rods 76 being only indicated.
The left band levers 79 81 78 80 77 bring about the turning movement of the
cylinder a distance of 1 2 3 4 5 longitudinal rows respectively in either sense, and
the right hand levers correspondently in the other sense. There is one row, which
normally prints, when the cylinder remains in its middle position. Every three
levers passing through the same frame 75 will therefore impart the same turning
movement to the type cylinder; but one of every three levers appertaining to the
group "," the other to that "," and the third to group "m," each of them
brings about another shifting movement, that is to say, when taking notice of the
shifting key 30, every three levers passing through the same frame 75 will control
all the six types of the corresponding longitudinal row of the type cylinder.
The turning movement of the type cylinder is brought about by a swinging
toothed segment 82 loosely mounted on a pin 83 of a support fixed to a plate C,
which extends across a recess formed in the frame plate B. Segment 82 swings
in the said recess and engages with the above mentioned pinion 63 on sleeve 60;
it is held in its normal position by levers 87 88 pivoted to the rear side of the
frame plate B, and pressed against stop pins 85 86 by a common spring 84, the
upper ends of the said levers bearing against a pin 89 projecting from the rear
side of segment 82 and thus returning the latter to its normal position, whenever
removed therefrom.
Pins 90 91 92, projecting from both sides of the segment 82 and engaging with
the levers 77 to 81 serve for turning and exactly stopping the segment and the
type cylinder, as indicated in Fig. 3 of the drawings with respect to lever 77,
which is brought into working position by depressing the key "g." Lever 77
takes along with the segment 82 by means of pin 90, until it is stopped by the
pin 91, when the latter reaches the front end of lever 77. The depressed key
being released a spring 93 returns lever 77 to its normal position, and the segment
is driven back by means of the spring actuated lever 87 bearing against pin 89,
as heretofore described. Lever 78, when actuated by depressing its corresponding
key, should turn the segment in a similar sense, but stop it sooner by reason of its
stopping edge projecting beyond that of lever 77 and thus being sooner reached
by the stop pin 91. Levers 80 81 work in an analogous manner, as will be under-
stood without further explanation. Lever 79, which impacts the slightest turning
movement to the segment 82, is preferably hook shaped, so as to turn and stop the
segment by means of the pin 91 only, as clearly shown in Fig. 3.

page_text: The working ends of levers 77-81 are so shaped and arranged with respect to
the path of pins 90 91 92 that each lever, when working, may bring about the
corresponding turning movement of the segment without any interference on the
part of the levers not in action.
It is obvious that the turning and shifting movement of the type cylinder must
be finished before it reaches the paper carrier 25, in order to make a clean
impression. Fig. 1 shows the cylinder in the corresponding position, the remainder
of its swinging movement being then to be performed without further turning and
shifting the same. When the cylinder reaches this position, the depressed key 30
cannot be further depressed by reason of its movement being stopped as well by
the pin 91 of segment 82 bearing against the edge of lever 77 as by the pin 73 of
lever 66 bearing against the edge of lever 72. But the cylinder in virtue of its
inertia, received theretill by its swinging movement up to that position, will
continue this movement, allowed by the slotted end of connecting rod 22, until it
reaches the paper carrier 25, a further depression of the key not being needed.
As soon as the impression has been performed, the cylinder recoils by assistance
of the spring 58 and returns to the position shown in Fig. 1, likewise without being
turned nor shifted for the above mentioned purpose and then, by releasing the key,
it will be turned, shifted and swung back to its normal position; pinion 63 abiding
in constant engagement with the segment 82, when the cylinder performs its
swinging movement.
There are modifications of my invention consisting in means for allowing of
depressing the keys until the type cylinder positively reaches the paper carrier,
and yet stopping its turning and shifting movement a little before. One of these
modifications is represented Fig. 3 by the right hand frame 75', which is loosely
mounted on its rod 76', so as to slide thereon, and pressed against a collar 76¹¹ by
a spiral spring 75", the latter being of a greater resistance than spring 84, so as
to overcome spring 84, when turning segment 82 without being compressed.
As
soon as the segment is stopped, whilst the type cylinder has reached the position
shown in Fig. 1, the depressed key 9 can be further depressed by compressing
spring 75 until the cylinder positively reaches the paper carrier. For the same
purpose, with respect to the shifting movement of the cylinder, levers 71 72, Fig. 1,
may be elastically mounted on shafts 15 16, or there may be inserted a spring
into the rods 9 10, as described with respect to the rod 76 of Fig. 3.
Figs. 5 and 7 show another modification of the turning and shifting mechanisms
respectively, answering the same purpose.
"
66
ns
In Fig. 5 the supporting rod 76 of frame 75 is connected to a lever 94, pivoted
to the frame B and engaging by a pin or roller 95 with the suitably shaped
edge "tns of lever 77. When by depressing the corresponding key, roller 95
reaches the point "n," as represented Fig. 5, the turning movement of lever 77
and segment 82 is finished, the edge then forming a circle with respect to
the swinging centre of lever 94. The key therefore can be further depressed,
until the cylinder positively reaches the paper carrier, without being further
turned. A spring 96 returns the lever 94 to its normal position, when the
depressed key is released, the turning movement of the cylinder likewise being
prevented, until roller 95 passes beyond the point "n."
From the foregoing the modification represented Fig. 7 will be easily
understood. Levers 71 72¹ are mounted on the shafts 15 16 and so shaped at
the end of their working edges, that levers 12 13 actuating by pins or rollers
the levers 71 72' will not further turn these levers, when engaging with the ends
of the said edges. If therefore, as represented Fig. 7, lever 72 has turned and
stopped lever 60, lever 13¹ and rod 7 connected thereto can be further depressed
by the key without further turning lever 72.
It will be obvious that in the modification shown in Fig. 5 and 7 the controlling
edges may be provided to levers 94 and 12' 13', and the pins or rollers engaging
with the said edges to levers 77 and 71 72' respectively.
Another modification is represented in Figs. 6 and 8, the supporting rods 76

page_text: and 10 of the frames 75 and rod 7 being directly connected to levers 771 and 13
respectively, as described with respect to Figs. and 3. The turning movement
of the parts 82 and 66 is performed by slotted levers 771 and 72, the slotted ends
thereof engaging with pins 91' and 73 respectively.
This modification dispenses with separate stopping pins, the pins 911 and 7311
serving the double purpose of turning and stopping the parts 82 and 66. In
order to allow of depressing the key until the cylinder positively reaches the paper
carrier the inner ends of the slots of levers 771 and 72 are made of circular form
with respect to their swinging centres, so as to stop the movement of the parts 82 66
for the last period of their stroke. In this modification the use of the levers 87 88 and
spring 84, as described with reference to Fig. 3, and likewise of spring 70, as
described with reference to Fig. 1, may be dispensed with, parts 82 and 66 being
positively returned to their normal position, as indicated in Fig. 6 by dotted lines,
and the over-swinging of segment 82 beyond its middle position being prevented
by giving likewise a suitable circular form to the oren end of the slot of lever 77',
by passing of which, pin 91' and the segment are "eprived of their inertia.
Another modification is shown in Fig. 9. Tod 76 is connected to a two armed
lever 99 100, the arm 99 of which is pivoted to a rod 98, thus forming a toggle-
lever. Rod 98 is movably connected to lever 97, which engages with the pins 90 91
of the segment 82. By these means the swinging movement of lever 97 will be
gradually retarded, when the swinging system passes from its normal position,
indicated by dotted lines, to its working position shown in full lines. The latter
being nearly reached, lever 97 will be practically stopped for the short time the
levers 98 99 pass through the dotted central line y--y. This stoppage suffices for
allowing of the type cylinder performing the last period of its swinging movement
without turning.
Fig. 10 shows an arrangement for stopping at different points the upwards
swinging movement of the type cylinder in order to regulate the force of its stroke
against the paper carrier. To this purpose a set screw 23" is provided in a
support 23 laterally projecting from the swinging frame 23. Screw 23 bears
against the frame plate B, and the upwards stroke of the cylinder can be varied
at will by correspondently adjusting screw 23", the slot provided in the upper end
of rod 22 being of sufficient length.
I do not confine my invention to any of the modifications described nor to the
combination of mechanisms for simultaneously turning, shifting and swinging the
type cylinder by the common key stroke, the shifting movement not being
absolutely needed, as for instance if arranging the types only in two sections of
the type cylinder, which are controlled by the shifting key 30 only, or if arranging as
commonly three sections of types controlled by two separate shifting keys. My
invention is independent of such combinations, and simply consists in means for
turning and simultaneously stopping a swinging part pivoted to the stationary
frame of the machine, no matter whether the swinging movement of this part is
intended for tuining or shifting the type cylinder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven"
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a type writing machine, in which the types are arranged on the surface of
a swinging cylinder, the combination of a swinging part pivoted to the stationary
frame of the machine and provided with a pin or pins, of fevers likewise pivoted to
the stationary frame of the machine and engaging with the said pin or pins for
swinging and stopping the said swinging part, of means for controlling the type
cylinder by the latter, and of means for actuating the said levers by the key
stroke.
2. In a type writing machine, in which the types are arranged on the surface of
a swinging cylinder, the combination of of a swinging toothed segment pivoted to
the stationary frame of the machine and provided with a pin or pins, of levers

page_text: likewise pivoted to the stationary frame of the machine and engaging with the said
pin or pins for swinging and stopping the said swinging toothed segment, of means
for controlling the type cylinder by the latter, and of means for actuating the said
levers by the key stroke.
3. In a type writing machine, in which the types are arranged on the surface of
a swinging cylinder, the combination of a swinging lever pivoted to the stationary
frame of the machine and provided with a pin or pins, of levers likewise pivoted to
the stationary frame of the machine and engaging with the said pin or pins for
swinging and stopping the said swinging lever, of means for controlling the type
cylinder by the latter, and of means for actuating the said levers by the key
stroke.
4. In a type writing machine, in which the types are arranged on the surface of
a swinging cylinder, the combination of a swinging part pivoted to the stationary
frame of the machine and provided with a pin or pins, of levers likewise pivoted to
the stationary frame of the machine and engaging with the said pin or pins for
swinging and stopping the said swinging part, of frames suspended to the said
levers and depressed by the key stroke, and of means for controlling the type
cylinder by the said swinging part.
5. In a type writing machine, in which the types are arranged on the surface of a
swinging cylinder, the combination of a swinging toothed segment pivoted to the
stationary frame of the machine and provided with a pin or pins, of levers likewise
pivoted to the stationary frame of the machine and engaging with the said pin or
pins for swinging and stopping the swinging toothed segment, of frames suspended
to the said levers, each of the said frames being actuated by the keys corresponding
to the same longitudinal row of types of the type cylinder, and of means for
controlling the turning movement of the type cylinder by the, said swinging
segment.
6. In a type writing machine, in which the types are arranged on the surface of a
swinging cylinder, the combination of a swinging lever pivoted to the stationary
frame of the machine and provided with a pin or pins, of levers likewise pivoted to
the stationary frame of the machine and engaging with the said pin or pins for
swinging and stopping the swinging lever, of frames suspended to the said levers,
each of the said frames being actuated by the keys corresponding to the same
circular section of types of the type cylinder, and of means for controlling the
longitudinal shifting movement of the type cylinder.
7. In a tyre writing machine, in which the types are arranged on the surface of
a swinging cylinder, the combination of a swinging part pivoted to the stationary
frane of the machine and provided with a pin or pins, of levers likewise pivoted to
the stationary frame of the machine and engaging with the said pin or pins for
swinging and stopping the sail wing ug part, of frare petaled to the said
leverd de reed by the lay sticke, of springs inserted betwien the said frames
and the said levers, and of means or controlling the type cylinder by the said
swinging part.
8. In a type waiting machine, in which the types are arranged on the surface of
a swinging eyinder, the combination of a swinging part pivoted to the stationary
frame of the machine and provided with a pin or pins, of levers likewise pivoted to
the stationary frame of the machine and engaging with the said pin or pins for
swinging and stopping the said swinging part, of levers controlling by pin-and-cam
or by roller-and-cam action the movement of the said swinging and stopping
levers, of frames suspended to the controlling levers and depressed by the key
stroke, and of means for controlling the type cylinder by the said swinging part.
9. In a type writing machine, in which the types are arranged on the surface of
a swinging cylinder, the combination of a swinging toothed segment pivoted to the
stationary frame of the machine and provided with a pin or pins, of levers likewise
pivoted to the stationary frane of the machine and engaging with the said pin or
pins for swinging and stopping the swinging toothed segment, of levers controlling
by i-and-cam or by roller-and-car action the moverment of the said swinging