Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 28th June, 1886.
Complete Left. 26th Mar., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 3rd June, 1887.
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention, is improvements in the manufacture of Paper pulp,
Papier Mache and also combination of Chemicals for pulping and whitening and
bleaching the same.
For the purpose of my invention, I place say, one hundred weight of any vegetable
fibre in a pit with water which I sprinkle with a suitable quantity of Quicklime and
crystal soda. After a time I remove this material and place it in a tank containing a
solution of sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid, say, 1 lb. of each with
about 40 gallons of water for loosening the gum and rosinous matter in the fibre which
loosening would happen in from two to three hours.
The fibre is then removed from the tank and put into a boiler in the liquor in which is
a quantity of crystal-soda, soap, common potash, and bisulpiate of sodium, the liquor
being boiled for about 8 hours until the rosinous and gummy matters are discharged.
The quantities of the above materials will be determined by the state of the fibre but
usually 7 lbs. of crystal-soda, 8 oz. Potash, 2 lbs. Hudson's Extract and a little
sulphuric acid.
Fibre treated thus far is fit for Papier Mache purposes but any bleaching operation
will fit it for ordinary paper. I prefer however to prepare a bleach composed of say
1 lb. Sulpho-hydrate and Sulphuret of Barium, 4 oz. Cyanide of Potassium and say
4 oz. of Oxide of Calcium to which may be added a small quantity of ammonia.
These ingredients are broken down in warm water or I make a bleach by putting
Chlorine, Chloride of Lime, dissolved at boiling heat with 4 oz. Soda, a little Sulphur,
2 oz. cyanide of Potassium and 1 lb. Ammonia which dissolves in about 30 gallons of
water at about 150%.
°
Pulp Fibre inserted into either of these liquid compounds will become perfectly
pearl white, or according to any shade of colour by the addition of colouring matter,

page_text: the pulp fibre may when removed be washed in weak liquid, Sulphuric Acid, and
Ammonia.
A dry bleach may be made from 2 lbs. Sulphur, 2 oz. salts of lemon or of tin, about
1 oz. of solid Ammonia, the fibre while wet is placed upon shelves within a stove the
doors of which fit air tight, the bleach compound on being heated throws off its
vapours which impregnates and bleaches the material a cold blast being used to agitate
the fumes for thorough impregnation..
Pulp bleached by either of the above compounds can be weighted with China clay,
size, or albumen, or other adhesive and may have waste flock, or cotton fannings
added if desired.
The fibre to be operated upon may be reduced by a beating engine with water in which
say 7 lbs. Chloride of Lime, 1 lb. Ammonia, 1 lb. Sulphuric Acid, 1 lb. Nitric Acid,
which assists breaking action. The material when removed from this beater or devil
can be washed in cold water containing sulphuric or hydrochloric acid and a carbolate.
When the pulp is required for waterproofing purposes I reduce India rubber in
bisulphide of carbon, Benzoline, Naptha or Petroleum which I agitate in an airtight
vessel until the rubber is thoroughly dissolved. I then amalgamate it with the pulp
and roll by any ordinary paper making or other machine. Thus I make waterproof
paper suitable for damp walls and other purposes.
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for Alexander Wilkinson.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper Pulp and Papier
Mâché.
I, ALEXANDER WILKINSON Acton Green Middlesex Civil Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of this Invention is improvements in the manufacture of Paper Pulp,
Papier Maché, and also combination of chemicals for Pulping and whitening and
bleaching the same.
For the purpose of my Invention I place say one hundred weight of any vegetable
fibre in a pit with water which I sprinkle with a suitable quantity of quick lime and
Crystal Soda. After a time I remove this material and place it in a Tank containing
a solution of Sulphuric Acid, Hydro-Chloric Acid, and Acetic Acid, say 1 lb. of
each with about 40 Gallons of water for loosening the gum and resinous matter
in the fibre, which loosening would happen in from two to three hours. The
fibre is then removed from the Tank and put into a Boiler in the liquor in which is
a quantity of Crystal Soda, Soap common Potash and Bi-sulphite of Sodium, the
liquor being boiled for about 8 hours until the resinous and Gummy matters are
discharged.
The quantities of the above materials will be determined by the state of the
fibre, but usually 7 lbs. of Crystal Soda, 8 oz. of Potash, 2 lbs. Hudson's Extract,
and a little Sulphuric Acid.
Fibre treated thus far is fit for Papier Mâché purposes, but any Bleaching operation
will fit it for ordinary paper. I prefer however to prepare a bleach composed of, say
1 lb. Sulpho-hydrate and Sulphuret of Barium, 4 oz. Cyanide of Potassium and
4 oz. of Oxide of Calcium, to which may be added a small quantity of Ammonia.
These ingredients are broken down in warm water, or I make a bleach by putting
Chlorine, Chloride of Lime dissolved at boiling heat with 4 oz. of Soda, a little
sulphur 2 oz. of Cyanide of Potassium and 1 lb. of Ammonia which is dissolved
in 30 Gallons of water at about 150 degs. of Fahrenheits Thermometre.
Pulp Fibre inserted into either of these liquids will become perfectly pearl white or
any shade of color according to the addition of coloring matter, the pulp fibre when
removed may be washed in a weak solution of Sulphuric Acid and Ammonia.
A dry bleach may be made from 2 lbs. Sulphuric Acid 2 oz. salts of lemon or of
Tin, about 1 oz. of solid ammonia the fibre while wet is placed upon shelves within a
stove the doors of which fit air tight, the bleach compound upon being heated throws
off its vapours which impregnates and bleaches the material, a cold blast being used to
agitate the fumes for thorough impregnation.
Pulp treated by either of the above compounds, can be weighted with china clay,
size or albumen, or other adhesive, and may have waste flock or cotton fannings added
if desired. The fibre to be operated upon may be reduced by a beating Engine with

page_text: water in which say 7 lbs. of Chloride of Lime, 1 lb. Sulphuric Acid 1 lb. Nitric Acid
which assists the breaking action. The material when removed from this beater or
Devil can be washed in cold water containing Sulphuric or Hydro-Chloric Acid and a
Carbolate.
When the pulp is required for water proofing purposes I reduce India Rubber in
Bi-sulphide of Carbon, Benzoline, Naptha, or Petroleum which I agitate in an air
tight vessel until the rubber is dissolved I then amalgamate it with the pulp and roll by
any ordinary paper making or other machine, thus I make water proof paper suitable
for damp walls and other purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is
The improved means of the manufacture of paper pulp and papier mâché, as here-in-