AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Hammond Bentall, of Heybridge, in the
County of Essex, Ironfounder, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWS."
Sealed the 26th June 1855, and dated the 16th April 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Hammond Bentall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th April 1855:
I, EDWARD HAMMOND BENTALL, of Heybridge, in the County of Essex,
Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the fixing of the tines or teeth of harrows in their
sockets, the object being to prevent them from working loose. In carrying
out this object, I punch square socket holes in the beams to receive the
squared part of the stem of the harrow teeth or tines, and through the cross
bars I punch round holes, through which the threaded end of the tines projects
to receive a nut, as usual. When the nut is screwed up tight, I secure it in
its place by rivetting to the bar an abutting piece, which will fit close against
one side of the nut, and thereby prevent it from turning on the tine, the tine

page_text: itself being prevented from turning by fitting into the square socket in the
beam; or, instead of an abutting piece rivetted to the bar, I punch a hole in
the bar near the socket hole to receive a key or rivet, which when driven in
will, by gripping the nut or by fitting into a hollow or recess in its side, will,
in like manner to the abutting piece, prevent the nut from turning.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Hammond Bentall in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th October 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
HAMMOND BENTALL, of Heybridge, in the County of Essex, Ironfounder, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the.
said Edward Hammond Bentall, Ler special licence that I, the said Edward
Hammond Bentall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION 07 HARROWS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-

page_text: "
This Invention of "An Improvement in the Construction of Harrows'
relates to a mode of fixing the tines or teeth of harrows in their sockets in
such a manner that they may be prevented from working loose. In order to
effect this object, I punch square or rectangular socket holes in the beams for
the purpose of receiving the squared or angular part of the stem of the
harrow teeth or tines, and through the cross bars I punch round holes, through
which the threaded end of the tine projects to receive a nut, as usual. When
the nut is screwed up tight, I secure it in its place by rivetting or otherwise
securing to the bar an abutting piece, which will fit close against one side of
the nut, and thereby prevent it from turning on the tine, the tine itself being
prevented from turning on its centre by fitting into the square or rectangular
socket in the beam.
In order that my Invention may be clearly understood, I have shewn in the
accompanying Drawing such of the parts of a harrow as are necessary to
explain the mode of applying the present improvement to iron harrows.
Fig. 1 is a plan view of part of a beam of a harrow, shewing a square
socket hole a made in the bar or beam 6 to receive the squared or angular
part of the stem of the tine c, as shewn in Fig. 2, which represents a
vertical section, taken through the rectangular socket of one of the beams and
transverse bars of a harrow; Fig. 3 is a plan view of the same; and Fig. 4
is another vertical sectional view, taken at right angles to Fig. 2. A round
hole is punched through the cross or transverse bar d for the purpose of
receiving the upper or round end of the tine. The screwed and cylindrical
end of the tine also passes through a round hole made in a flat piece d, and
the tine is secured in its place by screwing down the nut e on its screwed
end, and when the nute has been screwed down tight enough, it is prevented
from becoming unscrewed by means of the abutting piece f, shewn detached
in plan at Fig. 5. This abutting piece has an angle made therein at
one end which fits one of the angles of the nut e, and when this abutting
piece f is secured in its place by means of a pin, rivet, or screw, as shown
at 9. the nut e cannot move; or, instead of an abutting piece rivetted to the
bar, I punch a hole in the bar near the socket hole to receive a key or rivet,
which when driven in will, by gripping the nut or by fitting into a hollow
or recess in its side, in like manner to the abutting piece, prevent the nut
from turning.
Having now described my Invention of "An Improvement in the Construc-
tion of Harrows," and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim, as
the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, the mode herein

page_text: shewn and described of fixing or securing the tines or teeth of harrows, or any
mere modification thereof..
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
E. H. BENTALL. (L.S.)