Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Use in Beating or Refining Pulp for the Manufacture of Paper.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Feb., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 7th Nov., 1899-Accepted, 27th Jan., 1900
Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Use in Beating or
Refining Pulp for the Manufacture of Paper.
I, JEAN-BAPTISTE FRANJOIS-XAVIER MATHIEU, Engineer, of Pont-de-la-Pierre-
les-Annonay, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
―
This application relates to improvements in apparatus for use in beating or
refining pulp for the manufacture of paper.
The apparatus consists principally of a metal vessel widened at one end and
provided with an aperture through which to pass the driving shaft. The greatest
diameter of the vessel is at its upper end, the smallest at the bottom. Inside this
truncated cone is arranged a second truncated cone provided with straight blades
of steel, or gun-metal. Half of the blades extend the whole length of the cone,
whilst the other half alternate blades only extend downwards to half the length of the
cone. The blades thus differ in length and alternate with each other, the short blades
beginning at the upper part of the cone, i.e. where the diameter is greatest. These
blades are secured in grooves made along the sides of the cone from which they
project to a distance of several centimetres. The spaces between these blades
are filled up with wood to within 5 to 10 mm. of the edge of the metallic blades.
The conical vessel is also provided on its inner wall with blades, which, however,
are not parallel with the generating line of the cone, but are set so as to form
an angle of about 15° with the blades of the inner cone. These blades are
arranged in two, three, or more series, these series varying in number according
to the height of the vessel, and it is also obvious that the number of blades will
increase the nearer the corresponding series is to the greatest diameter of the
outer cone or vessel.
As regards the form or arrangement of these blades I would, however, observe
that for half-hard pulps the inner surface of the conical vessel is divided into
vertical sections provided with metallic blades set at angles alternating with
vertical wood sections.
For tender fibres or for long-fibred pulp the wood sections are substituted by
stone such as grit-stone, or granite, alternating with the metallic blades; and
for pulps destined to be made into very fine paper, in which therefore a thorough
bruising of the fibres is required without, however, impairing the length, the
inner side of the vessel may only contain sections of grit stone or granite as well
as the inner cone, so that no metallic blades are used in such an arrangement.
Amongst the different arrangements or forms of the conical surfaces which may
be employed there may be sections of metallic blades set slightly obliquely and
between layers of wood or hardened zinc; or sections with metallic blades set at
angles to each other with woeden divisions, or sections of stone, such as granite
or grit-stone without metallic blades wooden sections alternating with the others.
The inner cone, as has been said before, is arranged vertically with its largest

page_text: diameter uppermost. The lower portion is recessed somewhat a little above the
bottom of the outer vessel, and then ends with a decided cone. The top of the
cone is also inwardly recessed and ends in a cone. The truncated cone is arranged
concentrically in the outer vessel, and is fixed on a vertical shaft, which traversing
the bottom of the outer -vessel or chamber through a stuffing box is supported
and turns on a steel pivot in a bearing on an arched stand, which rests on a base
plate or foundation and may be provided with regulating screws. The raising of
the truncated cone is effected by means of the lever which has its fulcrum on the
arched stand, the point of resistance under the middle of the arch and the operating
means at the other end. The lever is operated by means of a vertical rod which
is provided at its upper end with screw-thread and bearing by which it can he
raised or lowered by turning its screw thread, wheel or handle in one direction or
the other, raising or lowering with it the lever, and by it the step-bearing, the
vertical shaft and the truncated cone.
As the shaft might, in its upward or downward movement, carry with it its
driving bevel-pinion, a collar in two parts is fixed on to the shaft by means of
two lugs and engages in a groove which carries the hub of the pinion thus pro-
venting it from longitudinal movement whatever be the movement of the shaft.
It should be understood that the pinion is not keyed on the shaft but only carries
a set screw.
The upper part of the apparatus is closed by a metal cover open at one side to
allow the pulp to leave the cone. This cover is provided with a bearing for the
upper end of the vertical shaft.
After entering the apparatus at the bottom by the inlet the pulp rises (whilst
it is being acted upon by the blades or conical surfaces between the two conical
surfaces, and passes onwards through the outlet at the top to return by way of the
outer casing or vessel of the apparatus to the inlet.
Instead of one inlet and one outlet, it is to be understood that the apparatus
may be provided with two outlets and two inlets. It should also be understood
that the apparatus may be arranged horizontally instead of vertically without
affecting the principle of the invention.
Dated this 4th day of Dal 1900.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Use in Beating or
Refining Pulp for the Manufacture of Paper.
I, JEAN-BAPTISTE FRANCOIS-XAVIER MATHIEU, Engineer, of Pont-de-la-Pierre-
les-Annonay, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This application relates to improvements in apparatus for use in beating or
refining pulp for the manufacture of paper,
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of the apparatus.
Figure 2 being a plan of same and
Figure 3 a side view, partly in section.
These figures illustrate one example of the construction and arrangement of

page_text: Figures 6, 7 and 8 relate to similar apparatus but arranged horizontally.
Figure being a horizontal section of the apparatus.
Figure 7 a section on the line A-B of Figure 6, and
Figure 8 a section on the line C-D of Figure 6.
The apparatus consists principally of a metal vessel a widened at one end, and
provided with an aperture through which the driving shaft bis inserted. The
greatest diameter of the vessel is at its upper end; the smallest at the bottom.
Inside this truncated cone is arranged a second truncated cone e provided with
straight blades f of steel, or gun-metal. Half of the blades extend the whole
length of the cone e, whilst the other half alternate blades only extend downwards
to half the length of the cone. The blades thus differ in length and alternate
with each other, the short blades extending downwards from the upper part of
the cone ie., where the diameter is greatest. These blades f are secured in
grooves on the side of the cone e from which they project to a distance of several
centimetres (see Figure 4). The spaces between the blades are filled up with
wood to within 5 to 10 mm. of the edge of the metallic blades. The conical
vessel a is also provided on its inner wall, with blades h, which, however are pre-
ferably not parallel with the generating line of the cone a, but are set so as to
form an angle of about 15° with the blades of the inner cone e. These blades h
are arranged in two, three or more horizontally arranged series or compartments
varying in number according to the height of the vessel. It is obvious that in
each of these compartments the number of blades will increase, the nearer the
corresponding compartment is to the greatest diameter of the outer cone or
vessel a.
As regards the form of arrangement of these blades I would. however, observe,
that for half-hard pulp, the inner surface of the conical vessel a is divided into
vertical sections in which metallic blades, bent or set at an angle, alternate with
vertical wooden layers. In Figure 4 j indicates the vertical blades with alternate
wooden distance pieces.
For tender fibres or for long fibred pulp, the wooden parts are substituted by
stone, such as grit-stone, or granite, alternating with the metallic blades. And
for pulps destined to be made into very fine paper in which therefore a thorough
bruising of the fibres is required without, however, imparing their length, the
whole inner side of the vessel may be provided with vertical sections of grit-stone,
or granite, as well as the inner cone, so that no metallic blades are used in such
an arrangement.
According to the nature of the pulp to be treated one or other suitable kind
of surface, of which a number are represented in Figure 5 will be used; but they
are never to be used together. It should also be observed that, according to the
nature of the pulp, some sections of the inner part of the cones may be left plain
and unprovided with grinding surfaces.
In order to understand the different arrangements or form of the conical surfaces,
I have illustrated in Figure some different forms which may be employed.
represents a vessel, shaped like a truncated cone; & shows section of metallic
blades set slightly obliquely between layers of wood or hardened zine; shows a
section with metallic blades bent or set at angles with wooden intermediate
sections is a section of stone, such as granite or grit-stone, without metallic
blades, and ooo are wooden sections alternating with the others.
The inner cone e, as has been said before, is arranged vertically, with its largest
diameter uppermost. The lower portion stops slightly above the bottom of the
outer vessel, and then ends with a decided cone .. The top of the cone is also
similarly formed with a cone q.. The truncated cone e is arranged concentrically
in the outer vessel, and is fixed on a vertical shaft b, which, traversing the bottom
of the outer vessel or chamber at Figure 1, through a stuffing box's, is supported
and turns on a steel pivot in a step or piston bearing on an arched stand t, which rests
on a base-plate or foundation, and may be provided with regulating screws.
raising of the truncated cone e is effected by means of a lever 11, which has its
The

page_text: fulcrum on the arched stand; the point of resistance being under the middle
of the arch and the operating means at the other end. The lever u is operated by
means of a vertical rod which is provided at its upper end with a screw-thread
and bearing by which it can be raised or lowered by turning a screw threaded
wheel or handle supported by the socket y in one direction or the other; raising
or lowering with it the lever u and, by it the step-bearing, the vertical shaft 6 and
the truncated cone e.
As the shaft & might, in its upward or downward movement carry with it the
driving bevel-pinion z, a collar t¹ in two parts, is fixed on to the frame t by means
of lugs, said collar engaging with a groove in the hub of the pinion. thus pre-
venting it from longitudinal movement whatever be the movement of the shaft.
It should be understood, that the pinion is not keyed on the shaft but is connected.
with it by a feather and groove device.
The upper part of the apparatus is closed by a metal cover 2 open at one side at 3
to allow the pulp to issue from the cone e. This cover is provided with a bearing 4
for the upper end of the vertical shaft b.
In Figure 2 the direction of flow of the pulp during the process is indicated by
an arrow. After entering the apparatus at the bottom by the inlet 5 it rises
(whilst it is being acted upon by the blades or conical surfaces) between the two
conical surfaces, and passes onwards through the outlet 3 to return by way of the
outer casing or vessel 6 of the apparatus, to the inlet 5.
Instead of one inlet and one outlet, it is to be understood that the apparatus
may be provided with two outlets and two inlets.
It should be understood that the apparatus, instead of being arranged vertically,
may be constructed horizontally, as illustrated in Figures 6, 7 and 8, without
interfering either with the order of arrangement or with the operation of the
apparatus.
The pulp, after passing through the central apparatus passes out by the open-
ings at 10 and 11, and again re-enters the central apparatus at 12 and 13. It should
also be understood that instead of having two pulp circulating conduits, there may
be only one, according to the space available or other considerations.
The central cone is mounted on a horizontal shaft supported in two suitable
standards 14 15. This shaft b is provided at one end with a pulley 16, for the
transmission of movement to the cone.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. Two concentric truncated cones, one within the other, of which one is movable
and the other fixed; the interior, movable cone being provided with straight
metallic blades, of which blades one half have a length equal to the whole length
of the side of the cone, whilst the others have only half such length, wooden
divisions being interposed; the fixed outer cone being also provided on its interior
surface with a series of plates or blades, the edges of which may be inclined
at a greater or lesser angle to the generating arch of the inner cone and may be
arranged in sections, or the said metallic plates may be replaced in certain cases
and for the treatment of pulps of a certain nature, by stone sections, substantially
as specified.
2. In combination with apparatus of the kind described, means for raising the
truncated inner cone, consisting of a step-bearing mounted on a lever, operated
by means of a wheel, the said lever bearing against the lower end of the shaft,
without, however, affecting the transmission pinions, substantially as described.
3. In combination with apparatus of the kind described in Claim 1 a vessel
for the circulation of the pulp, in such a manner, that the pulp leaving the
apparatus at the upper part returns to re-enter it again at the lower end, either
a single or double inlet and outlet for the pulp under treatment being employed,
substantially as described.

page_text: 4. The apparatus of the kind described comprising a central conical beater
arranged horizontally and being provided with a single or double pulp-circulating
conduit as described.
5. The complete apparatus for use in beating or refining pulp substantially
as described or illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 or in Figures 6, 7 and 8 of the
accompanying drawings.