IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS OR FURNACES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR DISTILLING PROCESSES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Carl Glaser of Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia
and Empire of Germany Engineer and Patent Agent for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS OR FURNACES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE
AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR DISTILLING PROCESSES" A communication made
to him by Heinrich Stier residing at Zwickau in the German Empire
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Carl Glaser at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1883.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER of Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of
Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent "IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS OR FURNACES
AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR DISTILLING
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE
32
PROCESSES [A communication made to him by Heinrich Stier residing at
Zwickau in the German Empire]
This invention relates to improved constructions of ovens or furnaces, applicable
both for the manufacture of coke and for other similar distilling processes,
wherein the heating is effected by means of producer gases, the gas producers,
which are placed in front of the ovens being so arranged that they can be entirely
cut off from the ovens in case of their getting out of order, each separate coking
chamber being then capable of being used as a gas producer.
constructed
The accompanying drawing shews various sections of ovens
according to this invention. The coking chambers 6 are entirely surrounded by
the heating chambers b', both chambers being formed by building horizontal slabs
at intervals in the vertical walls of both; as shewn, so as to divide the heating
chamber into a number of horizontal passages as shewn, while the coking chamber
has a continuous vertical space.
.
The drawing shews a battery of 6 ovens with four gas producers surrounding
the same, but it is to be understood that the relative numbers of the coking
chambers and producers may be varied.
The gas producers a are arranged at the outer sides of the ovens and they
communicate with a flue situated between them for leading off the products of
combustion. In front of each producer is a chamber a³, containing a series of
horizontal fire clay pipes, arranged in zig-zag order as shewn at b³, which is a
similar chamber belonging to the coke ovens; by this arrangement a sufficient
sectional area is left in the chamber for the passage of air which is thus caused to
pass in zig-zag direction through the pipes. The air required for combustion in

page_text: the producer enters the chambers a³ at top at a' (shewn at the right hand end) and
passes from the bottom thereof into the passage a³ of the producer a. The
combustible gases produced in the latter are caused, by opening suitable slides to
pass into the main gas flue H G which extends below the whole of the ovens, and
from which the gases pass through vertical openings into the heating chambers b¹.
These are connected firstly with the main gas flue HG by means of slides, secondly
by means of other slides with the passage for the heating gases, through which
they communicate with the coking chambers, and thirdly by means of other
slides with the chamber 67 previously described as being the same as a² and which
communicates at top through a cowl 68 with the atmosphere. Lastly the heating
chambers 6' communicate through openings at top also provided with slides, with
the main discharge flue for the products of combustion. Another pipe or flue is
provided for leading off the bye products, and also a recipient for the same.
The mode of working the ovens or furnaces is as follows:-The heating gases
passing from the producers, are brought at 6 in contact with the air passing in
through the chamber 67 and entering into combustion, pass through the heating
chambers 62, from which the combustion gases escape into the discharge flue. The
gases and vapours first distilled from the coking chambers are led through an
opening into the before mentioned pipe conducting them into the requisite receivers
and condensers, while the non-condensible gases afterwards given off are led into
the main gas flue H, G, the before-mentioned communication being for this
purpose closed.
From HG the gases are then led either to the heating
chambers b or to any other locality where they are utilised.
Should now
one or more of the gas producers get out of order, such producers can be cut
off from their connection with the coke ovens by closing the valve at a¹ that
regulates the air supply, and also by closing other slides. Any one or more of
the coking chambers may then be used as a gas producer, for which purpose a slide
is opened establishing communication between the coking chamber and the gas
flue HG, and the before mentioned communications with the other gas pipes are
closed, as is also the slide communicating with the discharge flue for the products
of combustion. Gratings or apertures in the bed of the coking chamber are also
opened so that the ashes can fall from the chamber into the ash pit below while at
the same time the requisite supply of atmospheric air can enter at that point. Or
the air can be supplied by blast through a pipe, the bed being kept closed. This
air supply in passing up through the deep layer of incandescent coal in the coking
chamber will enter into imperfect combustion therewith producing combustible
gases which can then be allowed to mix with the gases coming from the
producers in action, in order to heat the other coking chambers.
The noncondensible gases resulting from the distillation of the coal can also be
used, either alone or in combination with the gases coming from the producers, or
from the coking chambers acting as such, for heating hot blast stoves or blast
furnaces, cupolas, puddling or reheating furnaces or lime kilns or other similar
ovens or furnaces. For this purpose the conduit pipe leading to the said ovens or
furnaces may be put in communication with the pressure pipe of the pumps that
draw the gases from the coking chambers; or if a higher pressure. be required a
suitable motor may be employed for working special pumps connected to the
conduit pipes.
When it is required also to supply the air passing to the gas producers through
the tubular chamber a³ under pressure, the pipes for such air supply are laid on
top of the coke ovens, so as to cause the air to take up the heat radiated therefrom
before entering the producers. In this case the cowls 68 would be replaced by
throttle or other valves or slides.
In place of the fire clay pipes in the chamber a³ may also be employed a system

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Friedrich Carl Glaser in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th October 1883.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER of Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of
Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent “IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS OR FURNACES
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR DISTILLING
PROCESSES A communication to me by Heinrich Stier residing at Zwickau in
the German Empire
""
This invention relates to improved constructions of ovens or furnaces, applicable
both for the manufacture of coke and for other similar distilling processes, wherein
the heating is effected by means of producer-gases, the gas producers, which are
placed in front of the ovens, being so arranged that they can be entirely cut off
from the ovens in case of their getting out of order, each separate coking chamber
being then capable of being used as a gas producer.
On the accompanying drawings, Figs. 1 to 4 shew longitudinal sections of ovens
constructed according to this invention. Fig. 1 shews a section on line EF Fig 7;
Fig 2 a section on line K I Fig 6, Fig. 3 a section on line L M Fig. 6, and Fig. 4 a
section on line NO Fig. 6. Fig. 5 shews a part front elevation. Fig. 6 a cross
section on line G H Fig. 8, with somewhat different arrangements of the connection
between the gas producer and the main heating gas flue. Fig. 7 shews > horizontal
section on line A B Fig 1; Fig. 8 a part plan; Fig. 9 a side view, and Fig. 10 a
cross section through one of the gas producers in front of the coking chambers, on
line C D Fig. 7.
The coking chambers bare surrounded by the heating chambers b₁, so as to be
completely isolated thereby; horizontal slabs connecting their walls pass across the
heating chambers b₁, but leave the coking chambers unobstructed. The separate
passages thus formed in the heating chamber communicate with each other
alternately at opposite points so as to allow the heating gases to travel
successively through them. The drawing shews a battery of six coking chambers
with four gas producers surrounding them, but it is to be understood that the
relative numbers of the coking chambers and producers may be varied.
The gas producers a are arranged at the outer sides of the ovens and they
communicate with a flue c Fig 7, situated between them for leading off the products
of combustion. In front of each producer is a chamber a³, containing a series of
horizontal fire clay pipes, arranged in zig-zag order as shewn at b7, which is a
similar chamber belonging to the coke ovens; by this arrangement, a sufficient
sectional area is left in the chamber for the passage of air which is thus caused to
pass in zig-zag direction through the pipes. The air required for combustion in
the producer is forced into the chamber a at top at a¹ Fig. 5 and passes from the
bottom thereof into the passage a³ of the producer a. The combustible gases
produced in the latter flow, after opening the slides a* and a Fig 10, through a
Figs 5 and 10, into the main gas flue H G Figs 2, 3, 6 and 10, extending
horizontally below the whole set of ovens, from which flue the gases pass through
the vertical openings 6 Fig. 7 into the heating chambers b'. These are made to
communicate at bottom by slides 62 Fig. 6, with the main flue H G, by slides 64
and 65 with the flue for heating gas b³, Figs 2 and 6, and thereby also with the
interior of the coking chamber; and by 66 Figs 2, 3 and 4, with a chamber b' of
the same construction as a³, and which communicates at top by the cowl 6ª Figs
and 5 with the outer air. Lastly, these flues communicate at their upper ends by
means of a slide 6º Figs 7 and 8, with the main escape flue for the products of

page_text: combustion HV Figs. 7 and 10, through which these products pass to the passage o
Fig. 7. Figs 5, 6 and 8, is a conduit pipe for leading off any bye products that
are separated; b is a receiver for the same, which may also be placed at the top
of the oven or wherever convenient.
In the section L M and on the right hand side of Fig. 6 is shewn a modification
of the arrangement shewn in section at Fig. 2 for connecting the main gas flue HG
with the coking chambers 6ª b³ b 6. The mode of working the ovens or furnaces
is as follows: The combustible gases passing from the producers are brought at be
(Figs 2, 3 and 4) into contact with the air passing in from the chamber 67, and entering
into combustion therewith, pass through the passages b' surrounding the coking
chambers and escape thence into the discharge flue H V. The combustible gases
and products of distillation generated in the coking chambers pass off through the
opening b communicating with a conduit pipe through which they are led into
the receivers and condensers, while the non condensible lighter gases, produced at
a later period of the coking process are caused, by closing the opening 60 and
properly setting the slides b b b be, to pass into the main flue H G, from which
they are led either into the heating chambers b¹ or to any other locality where
they are to be utilised, in which case they may be led through the chambers a
or b' in order to become heated to a certain degree before passing to the place of
combustion. Or, the slide 6º being open, they can be led through the opening 64
directly into into the heating chainber of the coking chamber from which they
issue. Should now one or more of the gas producers get out of order, each such
gas producer can be readily cut off from its connection with the coking chambers by
closing the valve at a¹ that regulates the air supply, as also by closing the slides a
and a Fig 10, in order to obtain a double and perfectly safe cut off. If one of the
coking chambers is to be used as a gas producer, the slide 610 in the pipe 61° is
closed, the slides b. b. b, leading to the main gas flue are opened, the slide b, leading
to the escape flue for the products of combustion is closed, and the ash pit door of
the coking chamber is opened, so that the ashes escape and air passes in among the
red hot coke; or, the door being closed, air can be forced in through the pipe f
The combustible gases thus produced in the coking chamber pass off and mix with
the gases from the other producers, in order to be utilised for heating the other
coking chambers. The noncondensible combustible gases that pass away with the
condensible products of distillation are also collected and utilised, either for heating
the coke chambers or for any other heating purposes, such as for heating hot blast
stoves, blast furnaces, cupolas, puddling furnaces, lime kilns &°, the conduit pipe
being made to communicate directly or indirectly with the discharge pipe of the
exhaust pump that exhausts the products of distillation from the coking chambers;
or, if greater pressure be required, a further pump or fan may be employed.
Should it be desired that the air supply to the chambers a³ and b³ be introduced
under pressure, the pipes leading from the air pump or fan may be advantageously
arranged on the top of the coke ovens in order to heat the air to a certain extent
by means of the radiated heat of the ovens. In this case the cowls 68 would be
replaced by slides or valves. The fire clay pipes in the chambers a² and 6' may in
this case also be replaced by a system of metal pipes, as indicated in dotted lines
in Figs. 1 to 8ª. In this arrangement, P is the air supply pipe through which the
air may pass under pressure in the direction of the arrows. Qis a system of pipes
serving to superheat steam passing through them, by means of the radiated heat of
The gases passing from the producers as also the air in the pipes P,
pass to the point where be enters b' where they become mixed and ignited, and after
passing round the coking chambers in the passages b', they escape into the discharge
Hue HV. The products of distillation are led, as before, through the opening and
pipe 60 into the recipients. The cowls be Figs 4 and 5 are in this case replaced by
slides or valves C in the pipes P. The pipes Q may be supplied either with water
which is converted into steam or with steam which is superheated by the radiated
heat of the oven, and is then led from the collecting chamber to wherever
the ovens.
required.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed as communicated to me by my correspondent I claim :-
First. The use, for heating air supply or gases, of chambers such as a³ or b
having either fireclay pipes or equivalent tubular structures, combined and arranged
as set forth, such chambers being contained within the outer walls of the ovens and
situated in front of the coking chambers and gas producers, substantially as herein
described.
Second. The described arrangement of the slides a* a b b b² in the discharge
and feed passages of the coking chambers, and in particular of the connecting
passage 63, whereby each coking chamber can, by a proper setting of the said slides,
be used either for the coking process or, by closing the discharge passage for the
products of distillation, and connecting the chamber with the main gas flue, they
may be used as gas producers.
Third. The arrangement of the main discharge Blue for the products of combustion
between the coking chambers situated on each side thereof.
Fourth. The arrangement of the heating flues 6' surrounding the coking chambers,
such flues being made to communicate with each other at opposite points, so that
the flames and hot combustion gases pass successively through them, while they
can be closed at top by a slide be for putting the coking chamber out of action,
substantially as herein described.
Fifth. The combination of the discharge pipe for the noncondensible gaseous
products of distillation and producer gas with a heating chamber such as is referred
to in the first claim, or equivalent heating apparatus, arranged within the outer
walls of the oven, for heating the said gases on their way to the blast or other
furnaces, ovens or kilns, where they are to be employed as gaseous fuel, substantially
as herein described.
Sixth. The arrangement of pipes on the top of the ovens through which the air
supply or steam, or both, may be passed so as to take up the radiated heat,
substantially as herein described.
In Witness whereof I the said Friedrich Carl Glaser have hereunto set my hand
and seal this fifteenth day of October in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty-three.
NAZNARTAT
AUR
זאזמהמ
пои
CARL GLASER (LS)