matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW SPECIMEN OF OIL FOR LIGHTING BY THE USE OF PURIFIED RESIN OIL COMBINED WITH PETROLEUM, PARAFFIN, SHISTE, AND ANY OTHER MINERAL OILS CALLED PHOENIX AND COMPOSITE OILS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Corroy, George Edward
Pain, and John Kull at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd January 1867.
CHARLES CORROY, of 66, Dean St., Soho Square, GEORGE EDWARD
PAIN, of 121, High St., Camden Town, & JOHN KULL, of 3, Cumberland
Place, Westbourne Grove, Bayswater, all in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW SPECIMEN OF OIL
FOR LIGHTING BY THE USE OF PURIFIED RESIN OIL COMBINED WITH PETROLEUM,
PARAFFIN, SHISTE, AND ANY OTHER MINERAL OILS CALLED PHOENIX AND COMPOSITE
OILS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the use of tritoxyde of iron and hydrochloric
acid by distilling and purifying resin to obtain a bright and liquid oil which
mixed with paraffin, petroleum, schist, and other mineral oils burns in the
common mineral oil lamps by putting a metal ring
on the top of the
tube which holds the wick, and which ring prevents the lamp from smoking.
The light obtained is very brilliant, bright, and powerful and does neither
smoke nor smell. In order to produce an oil which burns to the last without
leaving any residue or sediment at the bottom of the lamp, and without being
obliged to cut the wick during an evening, we only use the light resin oil for
mixing with light petroleum, paraffin, ect., and which we shall call "phoenix
oil," and use the heavier oil called "composite oil" for painting, lubricating,

page_text: tanning, soap manufacturing, and other purposes, either pure or mixed with
other animal or vegetable oils. The essence called "pinoline" obtained by
distilling resin is when purified used for varnishing; in distilling the resin we put
two per cent. of tritoxyde of iron into the still and mix it well with the resin
whilst the latter is melting, and distil in the usual manner. After the first
distillation we mix with the oil thereby obtained two per cent. of hypochloric
acid, and 30 per cent. of water warmed to 60 degrees centigrades, all well
mixed together, and let it settle for 24 hours; after this time we draw off the
oil and redistil it by putting again two per cent, of tritoxyde of iron with the
oil into the still, and proceed as before, taking care to separate the light oil
from the heavy oil. By mixing the light resin oil so prepared with mineral
oil, as paraffin, petroleum, ect., the latter burns about double the time, and
giving about one-third a stronger light than in its pure and natural state
without emitting any disagreeable smell or smoke or danger of explosion.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS POR DYEING PIECE GOODS INDIGO BLUE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Luke Greenwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1867.
I, THOMAS LUKE GREENWOOD, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, Indigo
Blue Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OR APPARATUS POR DYEING PIECE GOODS INDIGO BLUE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the process of dyeing pieces in or with indigo,
which is performed in a vat or vessel containing the indigo dye liquor in its
prepared state, into which the piece or fabric heretofore was plunged, and to
prevent the fabric from sinking into the sedimentary portion of the dye liquor
or bottom of the vessel, a horizontal screen or network partition was placed
intermediately of the said vessel, and to move the fabric about in the vessel,
and to keep it under or in the liquor in order to obtain level or even effects
in the dyeing, and also prevent spotting thereof, hawks or hooks have been
employed for this purpose, technically known as "hawking," in which operation
considerable skill was required on the part of the operatives, and the result
not always satisfactory; also the process was tedious, and the hooks were
liable to and frequently did damage the fabrics.
Now my improvements consist in the application and use of a pair of rollers
submerged a suitable depth in the dye liquor, and placed at any convenient

page_text: distance apart and parallel to each other, so arranged and operated by chain
and wheels or other suitable gearing that the fabric to be dyed may be first
wound upon one of these rollers, then unwound therefrom and wound upon
the other roller, and so on, thus traversing the fabric alternately from one
roller to the other in the die liquor until the desired effect is produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DAVITS FOR SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Montague Alex at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1867.
I, MONTAGUE ALEX, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester, Dentist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DAVITS FOR SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
These improved davits have joints near the taffrail so that they may bend
over and swing clear of the ship's side while they are lowering or raising a
boat or other body. They are provided with swivel joints attached to a plate
fitted to the deck or elsewhere so that they slew in any direction. The plate
is connected with a crab winch and screw break or similar contrivances for
raising and lowering a boat or other body, and a ratchet wheel and pawl or
detent are added to stop the boat or load at any required position. The winch
rope or chain is attached to or passes through eyes to raise the davits, and a
stay keeps them parallel. A net of strong line may be attached to the davits
to receive a plank or other appliance to form communication with another
vessel or the land. The davits can be made to run out to a considerable
distance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Demas Ellis and Matthew
Hillas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th March 1867.
We, DEMAS ELLIS and MATTHEW HILLAS, both of Dudley Hill, in the Parish
of Bradford, in the County of York, Worsted Stuff Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving. In order to lift
warp threads two different heights so as to form two sheds each, by means of
jacquard, as is required in order to produce a brocade pattern upon a figured
weaving, we mount two jacquard apparatus the one over the other; these
jacquard apparatus are arranged to lift different heights, and the wires or
uprights of the upper jacquard are connected by cords with the wires or
uprights of the lower, and these latter are in the usual way connected with
the warp threads.
In weaving some descriptions of fabrics it is desirable to lay two threads of
different colors in the same shed. In constructing a shuttle to effect this
object we mount in it, in addition to the ordinary pin or skewer for carrying
the cop, a cylindrical bobbin to carry the second thread from the bobbin, the
thread passes around a small brake cylinder, and so to the eye of the shuttle,
from which also the thread from the cop issues.
AN IMPROVED CON- STRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF THE IRON FORKS USED IN AGRICULTURE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
April 1867. A communication from abroad by Louis Gabriel Hébert
Fleury, of 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CON-
STRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF THE IRON FORKS USED IN AGRICULTURE," a
communication to me from abroad by Louis Gabriel Hébert Fleury, of 15,
Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
Hitherto the iron pitchfork has been manufactured from a plate of rolled
iron of, say, 2 and inches broad by 2 of an inch thick and 10 and inches
long; this plate is hammered and the workman cannot produce from it a
passable tool under considerable time.
According to the process the subject of this Invention the pitchfork is
composed, first, of an iron plate from which the socket of the fork is to be
made; secondly, of a piece of iron incrusted in the socket hollowed and
welded; thirdly, of another piece of iron placed crosswise where the socket
begins, and to which it is welded by the aid of a mould furnished with a swing
purchase, so that this piece of iron serves to make the three branches of the
fork. The iron plates intende.l to form the sockets of these forks are cut by

page_text: the aid of a machine with long lever provided with two metal balls giving
impulsion to a shears. The piece of iron to be set in the socket is hollowed
by a spring punch, the sockets are rolled by means of an iron bar the end of
which is fixed in a ring. By the aid of a pushing vice greater thickness is
given to the middle of the iron rod, which is to form two branches of the
fork, and greater strength at the part where it is to be welded with the socket
and the middle prong. The fork thus worked is placed in a mould, which by
means of a swing purchase fitting above it gives to the said fork the desired
bend. A workman can by this new method easily make three forks during
the time occupied in making one by the ordinary method. Further the
forks manufactured by this improved method are infinitely stronger than
those made by the old one, the part where the welding takes place being
completely closed, whereas by the old method there remained a hollow part
beneath the middle prong, which took away from the strength of the instrument.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Alfred Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October
1867.
I, ROBERT ALFRED WRIGHT, of Homerton, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING," to be as follows:-
Hitherto pipes filled with heated water, and so contrived that the water
may circulate therein have been employed for heating houses and other
structures, but the water is liable to freeze and to render the apparatus
useless. Whereas, according to my Invention, I employ a solution of glycerine
(which may be more or less concentrated), and which I use in circulation
pipes coiled where required. Also according to my Invention the beat may
be applied to the solution of glycerine or to other heating liquid by means of
friction for heating railway carriages. For this purpose the pipes terminate
in a conical coil or box covered with flat rope or other substance capable of
producing heat by friction. Within the box or coil works a conical spindle
driven by the carriage wheel or the axle. When, as in fixed or floating
structures, a furnace is employed for heating the liquid, and in furnaces
employed for other purposes, I place in the furnace door or fire door a
balance plate valve, preferably extending nearly the whole length of the
door, and hung or supported by a binge joint or pivot working on a
knife edge like the centre of a scale beam, or it may work by rolling
motion on a sharp edge, whereby friction is reduced and the action rendered

page_text: delicate; the plate is adjusted by lever weight and set screw or otherwise to
regulate it according to the draft. When fresh fuel is charged and the draft
momentarily stopped through the bars insufficient air enters to burn the gases,
whereupon the furnace draft will open the valve plate and admit air. When
the draft through the bars is re-established the valve plate will close; it may
open upward or downward as convenient, and it may be used for regulating
the draft in flues, as, for example, in reverberatory furnaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHADES FOR GAS AND OTHER LAMPS, AND IN THE MODE OF FITTING OR APPLYING THE SAME
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd November
1867.
I, JOHN SCOTT, of 20, Westmorland Place, City Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHADES FOR GAS AND OTHER LAMPS, AND IN
THE MODE OF FITTING OR APPLYING THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction of shades for gas and other
lamps, and to the mode-of fitting and applying the same to such lamps, the
object being to obtain a continuous rotatory motion of the shade so long as
the light enclosed is burning, whereby an excellent medium is obtained for
the display of advertisements and business announcements of all kinds, or for
showing a succession of ornamental designs, views, or other devices which are
to be printed, painted, or otherwise produced on or attached to the surface
of such revolving shades.
In carrying out this Invention it is proposed to manufacture a shade of any
desired shape or configuration and of any suitable material, whether opaque,
transparent, or semi-transparent, or translucent, and to fit or mount into the
upper end of such shade a ventilator or horizontal fan composed of a number
of inclined blades of metal, talr, or other suitable material, or in lieu thereof

page_text: an archemedean screw or spiral blade may be used. Through the centre of
the said fan or spiral there is passed a pin or vertical pivot, upon or round
which the shade is caused to revolve by the action of the ascending current
of hot air from the flame upon the inclined blade or spiral. This pivot or
centre is carried by a tripod or other conveniently shaped metal clip which is
made to fit the upper rim of the chimney or globe of the lamp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STUFFING BOXES, SLIDE VALVES, AND STEAM JACKETINGS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jordan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th September
1867.
I, JOHN JORDAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, 'Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF STUFFING BOXES, SLIDE VALVES, AND STEAM JACKETINGS," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the construction of stuffing boxes, slide
valves, and steam jacketings, applicable to engines worked by the vapor of
water, ether, methylated spirit, alcohol, or other suitable spirit vapor, and
consists, first, in the use of two complete stuffing boxes having a chamber
between them to receive any vapor which may escape from the cylinder
through the inner stuffing box, and the chamber is connected by pipes to
suitable condensers or pumps, by which means the vapor is reconveyed to
the boiler or vaporizer and saved. The top of the chamber has thus formed
проп it a complete stuffing box, with its gland to press down the packing,
and the bottom of the chamber is so constructed as to form the gland for the
stuffing box on the cover of the cylinder, or pump, or other like part to which
it may be applied.
The second part of my Invention relates to an improved arrangement of
slide valves, and consists in fitting four plain blocks of metal in suitable
positions upon the cylinder, two at the top and two at the bottom. The slide
blocks have suitable boxes or casings in which they work, and are moved
endwise parallel to the axis of the cylinder to open and close the steam and

page_text: exhaust ports. The inlet slide blocks have their working faces upon the
cylinder, and may be formed either flat or curved to fit the cylinder; and the
outlet slides have their working faces upon the boxes or casings in which they
move or upon a diaphragm fixed in the casing and not upon the cylinder.
By means of my improved slides I reduce the loss arising from the use of the
ordinary slide valves and make a direct course for the vapor into and out of
the cylinder.
The third part of my Invention consists in surrounding the cylinder with
two separate jackets or casings, forming two annular chambers around the
cylinder distinct from each other and quite tight. Into the inner chamber
next the cylinder I admit steam of any required temperature to keep the
cylinder hot; and into the outer chamber I introduce the spirit vapor, which
will receive an addition to its temperature and consequent pressure. I thus
reduce the tendency of the spirit vapor to condensation during its passage to
the cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED FABRIC FOR BRACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hall Foster and Thomas
Bunney at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th November 1867.
We, SAMUEL HALL FOSTER and THOMAS BUNNEY, both of Leicester,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED FABRIC FOR BRACES," to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates to the production of an improved looped fabric to be
used in the manufacture of braces. For this purpose one of the guide bars,
which for the sake of distinction only we will call the bottom guide bar of the
frame or loom, is caused to rise two needles at the same time that the other
guide bar (say the top guide bar) rises one needle; both guide bars then fall.
one needle; the needles are pressed, a course of loops formed, and the last
formed row of loops on the fabric is knocked over the needle heads. For the-
reverse course the bottom guide bar falls two needles at the same time that
the top guide bar falls one needle; both guide bars then rise one needle, the..
needles are pressed, and the last row of loops on the fabric is knocked over. -
the course. Like operations
the heads of the needles as before, completing the course.
are then repeated.
press" is
In carrying out these improvements the order of "lap" and "
pursued. By these means we are enabled to obtain a closely woven slightly.

page_text: elastic fabric with a smooth back, whilst the edges are not liable to curl by
the stretching of it. The portions of the fabric to form the ends of the braces
may be produced by a different lapping of the guide bars on the needles and
of a narrower width, or from the same fabric being drawn in to the width
desired by the inlaying of thread by hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, AND IN FURNACES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Baker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th September
1867.
I, WILLIAM BAKER, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, Puddler and Ball
Furnaceman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, AND IN FURNACES USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to that stage of the manufacture of iron called
the puddling process, and to furnaces used in the puddling process. In the
ordinary method of conducting the puddling process the puddler introduces
cast iron into the puddling furnace, together with hammer slag or other flux.
(consisting essentially of oxide of iron), the iron and flux being introduced.
together, and both in the solid state. In conducting the puddling process.
according to my Invention I introduce the cast iron to be puddled into the
bed of the furnace without any admixture of hammer slag or flux, but I put.
the hammer slag or other flux into that part of the furnace situated. beyond.
the flue bridge, where it becomes melted simultaneously or nearly so. with the-
iron in the bed of the furnace, but is separated from the said iron. The
puddler stirs the iron with his rabble or puddling tool until the evolution of
gas from the melted iron has ceased or nearly ceased, when the melted
hammer slag or flux is admitted to the bed of the furnace. The melted. iron.
and melted hammer slag or flux are then mixed and worked together, and the
puddling completed in the ordinary way. The essence of this part of my

page_text: Invention consists in melting the hammer slag or flux apart from the iron,
and introducing the said melted slag or flux into the bed of the puddling
furnace in a melted state, and mixing it with the melted iron when the said
iron has ceased or nearly ceased to give off gas.
My improvements in furnaces used in the manufacture of iron consist in
forming a second or supplementary small bed in the furnace at the back of the
flue bridge in which to melt the hammer slag or other flux used in the
puddling process, and also in forming a passage in the flue bridge through
which the melted hammer slag or flux may run to the bed of the furnace;
the said passage may be temporarily closed by means of
iron ore.
a plug of red
AN IMPROVED SPECIES OF FABRIC
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1867.
I, MATTHEW WRIGHT, of Bradford, in the County of York, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SPECIES
OF FABRIC," to be as follows:-
I propose by my Invention to produce a fabric lustrous and having a
mingled appearance, the mingling being more regular than in fabrics known
as "Debeges," and those of a similar class. I effect this by weaving what is
known as grundrell warp (consisting of two colours of cotton twisted together)
with what is known as melange weft. The effect or fabric produced by this
combination of warp and weft when woven is as above described, viz., & more
lustrous and more evenly mingled fabric than those of the "Debeges" class.
I propose to term my fabric "Yslay" cloth.
IMPROVED APPLIANCES FOR HORSE-SHOES AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR ROUGHING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th June
1867. A communication from abroad by Friedrich Dominick, of Berlin,
Kingdom of Prussia.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPLIANCES FOR HORSE-SHOES AS A
SUBSTITUTE FOR ROUGHING,'" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improved appliances for horse-shoes as a sub-
stitute for "roughing," which may be readily fixed or removed by means of
the following arrangement:-A strong bolt is provided at one end with a jaw
which fits over the inner edge of the front part of the horse-shoe; the lower
part of the jaw is furnished with a spike or brob, serving as the "roughing"
to the front part of the shoe. The other end of the bolt has a screw thread
formed upon it, and passes through a tapped bush in a bridge piece extending
across the heel of the shoe, and taking purchase against the two inner edges
thereof. The tapped bush is provided at the back of the bridge piece with a
projecting head, whereby it can be turned by means of a spanner, and also
with a small ratchet wheel or serrated rim, in which takes a spring pawl or
catch fixed to the back of the bridge piece. The bridge piece has projections
at each end lapping over the under surfaces of the heel of the shoe, and upon
such projections are formed spikes or brobs, which constitute the "roughing"
for the heel of the shoe. These brobs are by preference made with chisel-

page_text: shaped points, the edges of which are arranged at right angles to each other
so as to prevent the shoe from slipping sideways. In fixing this contrivance
to the shoe the tapped bush is turned so as to force the bolt passing through
it tight against the inner edge of the front of the shoe, whereby also the bridge
piece is at the same time wedged firmly between the inner edges of the heel
of the shoe, the serrated rim and catch preventing the bush from turning back
again so as to unscrew the bolt. In removing the contrivance the spring
catch is released from the serrated.rim and the brush is turned in the contrary
direction so as to release the before-mentioned parts from their hold on the
shoe. Instead of forming a tapped bush in the bridge piece the latter may
have simply a hole into which the end of the bolt passes, and a separate nut
with serrated rim be provided on the bolt pressing against the inner surface of
the bridge piece; or in another modification, the bolt and its jaw may be
'made of two separate pieces, and the former be screwed into the latter. The
back end of the bolt rests in a recess or socket in the bridge piece, and is pro-
vided with a shoulder whereby it can be turned with a spanner, so that in
turning it in one direction it forces the jaw and the bridge piece asunder,
thereby fixing them on the shoe, while in turning it in the reverse direction
the hold of these parts on the shoe is released.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF STOPPER FOR CLOSING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Hutchinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th January
1867.
I, FRANCIS HUTCHINSON, of the York Glass Company, in the City of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF STOPPER FOR CLOSING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the covering of a glass or other
stopper with cork, and to ensure the firm adhesion of the cork thereto. The
plug of the stopper is ribbed or fluted, and it is fitted into a cylinder of cork
either open at both ends or closed at the bottom end. The open ended
cylinders may be cut out of the solid cork in concentric circles and used to cover
different sizes of ribbed or fluted plugs; or the hollow cylinders may be formed
by boring out pieces of solid cork. Before inserting the plug it is dipped
into cement, and its union with the cork is completed by pressure with great
expedition. The head of the stopper may be made of any desired shape.
A FINGER STALL INTENDED FOR WRITING WITH A SINGLE FINGER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Louis François Eustache
Roussel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th July 1867.
I, PIERRE LOUIS FRANÇOIS EUSTACHE ROUSSEL, of Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas
5 de Calais, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A FINGER STALL INTENDED FOR WRITING WITH A SINGLE FINGER,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a finger stall by the aid of which a person may
write using only a single finger, and which completely supercedes all the pen-
holders hitherto used. This finger stall is furnished at its upper end with an
appendage slightly inclined to the right, and forming a holder, socket, or sheath
for any ordinary pen, and its other end passes over the index or other finger
like a sewing thimble. It may be made of any suitable metal or material,
and of one or several pieces, or in openwork, as may be found most desirable
or economical. The advantages of this apparatus are that it permits the
attainment of a more beautiful, lighter, and infinitely more expeditious hand-
writing than with the ordinary penholders, the fingers can no longer be soiled
with ink, and the writer having finished writing has simply to turn the point
of the pen so that it enters the sheath and place the whole in the pocket.
My Invention is not confined to the use of any particular shape of finger
stall, but extends to the use of any analogous apparatus by which writing with
the use of but a single finger may be practised with facility.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING TRANSPARENT PICTURES FOR EXHIBITION IN MAGIC LANTERNS BY A CHEAPER AND EASIER METHOD THAN HERETOFORE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hatton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March
1867.
I, THOMAS HATTON, of No. 2, Ship Street, Brighton, Printer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING
TRANSPARENT PICTURES FOR EXHIBITION IN MAGIC LANTERNS BY A CHEAPER AND
EASIER METHOD THAN HERETOFORE," to be as follows:-
I print in the ordinary way on thin plates of transparent gelatine instead of
on sheets of paper, and thereby obtain impressions of woodcut, stereotype,
electrotype, and graphotype blocks, copper and steel plates, lithographic stones,
and zincographic plates from the common presses and machines in use in the
several processes above mentioned. I then enclose the plates of printed gelatine
between two pieces of glass for the purpose of protecting the gelatine. I thus
produce printed transparent pictures ready for exhibition in the magic lantern,
instead of their being drawn & painted by hand in the way hitherto used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF WARMING CARRIAGES EMPLOYED IN THE CONVEYANCE OF PASSENGERS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Ziffer and Walter
Goodbrand at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd August 1867.
We, FERDINAND ZIFFER, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, and WALTER
GOODBRAND, of Salford, in the same County, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF WARMING
CARRIAGES EMPLOYED IN THE CONVEYANCE OF PASSENGERS ON RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of imparting warmth to the air
in the interior of railway carriages when desirable more efficiently and con-
veniently than by the employment of the portable "hot-water cases" ordinarily
used for the purpose, and consists in effecting the warming by. means of
heaters in the form of cases, coils, tubes, or chambers of metal or other suitable
material, which are placed or fixed in the interior of the carriages in any con-
venient position, or in a chamber or in chambers in communication therewith,
the said "cases, coils, or tubes" being heated by steam conveyed from the loco-
motive and distributed to the "heaters" in manner as follows, namely, we
connect the heaters contained in the several carriages constituting a train
one with another and with the locomotive engine by means of pipes or tubes
suitably furnished with cocks or valves to regulate the admission of steam to
the "heaters," the portions of tubes or pipes forming a connection between
two carriages, being furnished with "universal or other suitable joints, and
with couplings" to admit of their being readily connected or disconnected,

page_text: as is well understood. Or the said connection may be made with tubes made
of a suitable flexible material, such as vulcanized caoutchouc, which is the
material we prefer to use for the purpose. The steam is passed through a
diminishing valve " before being admitted to the connecting pipes and "heaters"
to reduce the pressure; or a portion of the "exhaust "steam may be used either
with or without being diminished in pressure, as found desirable. The steam
may be heated before it is admitted to the heaters if preferred. Suitable
valves are fitted between the steam pipes and the "heaters" to regulate the
supply of steam, and the said valves may be under the control of the passengers,
or of the guards, or other attendants upon the train, or they may be under the
control of both passengers and guards. If preferred the said valves may be
operated upon by a self-acting apparatus, as, for example, by the expansion
or contraction of mercury or other suitable fluid, or of a pipe or bar of metal
or other substance which will open or close the valves as may be required to
maintain a regulated and equable or nearly equable temperature.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Dawes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th April
1867.
I, WILLIAM HENRY DAWES, of Bromford Iron Works, West Bromwich, in
the County of Stafford, Ironmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
IRON," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in treating melted cast iron by passing a current
of electricity through it after it has been subjected to the treatment called
refining. I melt pig iron or I take melted cast iron direct from the blast
furnace and I expose it to blasts of air on the hearth or bed of a refinery
furnace according to the ordinary method of refining iron. After the melted
cast iron has been subjected to the refining process until it has been sufficiently
refined or decarbonized I pour it into moulds, and immediately pass through
it while still in a melted state a current of electricity. I pass the said current of
electricity through the said melted refined iron during either the whole or
part only of the time during which the iron remains liquid. By the passage
of the electricity through the melted refined iron a quality of iron is produced
superior for manufacturing purposes. The current of electricity which I
employ I obtain from a galvanic or voltaic battery, but electricity from other
sources may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WORSTED OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Speight at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April 1867.
I, JOHN SPEIGHT, of Bradford, in the County of York, Worsted Spinner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WORSTED OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of machinery or apparatus for spinning
known as throstle frames and cap frames, and my improvements consist in
dispensing with both throstles or flyers and caps in this class of machinery,
and in substituting wharves or whirls constructed so as to be capable of rotating
in bearings formed in the lifter rails and traversed up and down thereby. A
guide eye is fixed in each wharve or whirl, and a central hole is formed therein
of sufficient diameter to allow the bobbin when filled with the spun yarn to
pass through it. I also employ duplicate bobbin studs or two studs to each
wharve or whirl, which are mounted eccentrically on a plate spur toothed
wheel in opposite positions of each side of and at a suitable distance from the
centre thereof; this wheel is mounted on a stud fixed in a rail attached to the
frame similar to the ordinary spindle rail or stud rail, and in suitable position,
so that by turning the wheel either of the bobbin studs can be placed concen-
trically with the centre of the wharve or whirl; these spur wheels are of such
diameters that the whole series of them on one side of a frame will gear
together, so that they can be turned simultaneously to place one set of the studs
into position concentric with the wharves or whirls in the lifter rail for yarn

page_text: to be spun and wound upon, whilst the other set are placed outside the lifter
rail for the full bobbins to be doffed or removed therefrom and empty bobbins
placed thereon; also I either place a donkey roller in front of each of the
bottom front drawing rollers, or I alter the angle of the series of drawing
rollers, bringing the pressing roller or top front roller more into the front of
the bottom one, so that the nip, will be nearly horizontal with the axis thereof,
and I also arrange that the bobbins are placed about vertically under the nip
of the drawing rollers, whereby I can dispense with guide boards or guide
eyes and have the bobbins closer to the nip of the front drawing rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEEL TIPS AND TOE TIPS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th July 1867.
I, HENRY BELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HEEL TIPS AND TOE TIPS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
Heel tips and toe tips for boots and shoes are ordinarily manufactured from
bars or strips of iron rectangular in cross section, the said bars or strips being
bent into the form required to make the tip fit the heel or toe of a boot or
shoe. The tip is pierced along the middle with holes for the nails with which
it is to be secured to the boot or shoe. When in use the heads of the nails
are exposed to the same amount of wear as the tip and in consequence the tip
soon becomes loose.
In making heel tips and toe tips for boots and shoes according to my Invention,
I give to the iron or metal of which the said tips are made a less thickness at that
part which forms the inner edge of the tip than that part which forms the outer
portion of the tip, and I make the holes for attaching the tip in the said thin
part.
When tips made according to my Invention are in use the outer part only
of the tip comes in contact with the ground and is exposed to wear, the thin part
through which the nails, screws, or screw rivets pass to fasten the tip to the boot
or shoe being protected from wear by the thick or projecting outer part. The
nails, screws, or screw rivets are consequently not exposed to wear and the
tip is not liable to come off or become loose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. CHUCKS OR APPARATUS FOR HOLDING DRILLS OR BORING TOOLS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Sterne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1867. A communication from abroad by Francis Young, residing
at Paris, France.
I, LOUIS STERNE, of Old Broad Street, in the City of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
CHUCKS OR APPARATUS FOR HOLDING DRILLS OR BORING TOOLS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a pair of spring jaws, each
half of which is preferably composed of a spring plate secured at one end,
while its other end carries a block of metal or other material forming the jaw
proper. The acting face of each block is recessed, the two recesses forming
a tapered hole, the narrowest part of which is at the exterior.
The Invention further consists in combining with the spring jaws a shank
held between the spring plates, and having at the end adjoining the blocks a
tapered socket or recess. The drill or tool is placed with its back end in this
socket, and nuts acting on screws passed through the blocks are then screwed
up, so that the tool is not only centered and held at its back end, but is also
held about midway of its length by the jaws. The tapered socket will adapt
itself to different sized drills.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Priestley and William
Bower at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,.
on the 30th November 1867.
We, WILLIAM PRIESTLEY and WILLIAM BOWER, both of Harden, near Bingley,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has reference to the production of yarns of a variegated
character, that is to say, for example, when it is desired to produce yarns of
three or four colours in continuation, or partially in continuation and partially
twisted. To effect this we use what may be termed a double set of back
rollers, one pair in front of the others, and we place them parallel to and
in proximity with each other; passing, for example, one roving through the
back pair of rollers, we pass another through the other pair, and cause the
two to meet when they reach the back carrier rollers, and at given periods in the
revolutions of the back rollers we cause one or other of the pairs to stand still
by means of suitable gearing, the result being that when, for instance, they
stand still alternately and for equal times the two supposed colours appear
alternately in the yarn and produce a variegated effect, which may be further
increased by arranging the gearing so that partially they run alternately and.
partially together, thus giving a result of "partial continuation" and "partiak
wist," and in some cases two rovings pass through each pair causing two or
more rovings to meet when they meet the carrier rollers. The effect is again.
aried by the introduction of a yarn properly spun at the carrier rollers and.

page_text: allowing it to be carried down with the rovings that are being spun- by the.
method above described.. The results in yarn thus obtained are various,, and
may be referred to as producing when woven in a fabric in a plain loom the
appearance in one case of a "pick and pick" woven fabric, in another case
the appearance of a "printed" fabric, and in another that of a species of
"mottled" fabric,. dependent upon. the number of colours used. and how fre-
quently the two pairs of. back rollers run in conjunction and separately..
AN IMPROVED REPEATING STRIKING MOVEMENT FOR WATCHES, CLOCKS, AND TIMEPIECES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June
1867. A communication from abroad by Robert Theurer, Son, and
Company, of La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, Clock Manufacturers.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED REPEATING STRIKING MOVEMENT FOR
WATCHES, CLOCKS, AND TIMEPIECES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved repeating striking movement of
great simplicity and accuracy of action, which is worked by one and the same
barrel that gives motion to the clockwork. For this purpose there are two
minute wheels, of which the lower one is fixed on the spindle, while the upper
one turns free on the same. Between these two wheels is a spring connecting
the two wheels, whereby the lower one imparts motion to the upper one,
which in its turn is in gear with and imparts motion to a pinion; this pinion
makes a complete revolution every hour like the centre wheel. Over it is
fixed a star wheel with four graduated arins, serving to raise at every quarter
of an hour a rack, which in its turn releases two lifting pieces in commu-
nication with the hammers that strike the quarters and hours at every
quarter of an hour. The rack has twenty teeth; the first four, situated on
the outer disc, release the hammer for the quarters; the next four teeth,
placed some distance behind the first four and situated on the inner disc,
release the second stroke of the quarters by means of the hour hammer ;

page_text: lastly, the remaining twelve teeth, also situated on the inner disc, are some
distance behind the four last-mentioned teeth, in order to leave an interval of
time between the striking of the quarters and of the hours; they effect the
striking of the hours by the following arrangement:-The rack is provided
with a balance weight and turns upon a spindle actuated by a spring, so as to
bring an arm of the rack against a snail cam having twelve steps, which
regulates the striking of the hours. This snail cam is fixed upon the same
spindle as the before-mentioned star wheel which directs the striking of the
quarters, and is connected with the upper minute wheel by means of a pinion.
In order to repeat at will an external bolt is in communication with a
releasing, lever, which is made to return to its place by means of a spring
immediately the release of the striking gear has been effected, and before the
striking has commenced. Another lever regulates the striking of the quarters
for repeating at will by means of a wheel actuated by the upper minute
wheel, and having four pins arranged at graduated distances from the centre.
When this improved mechanism is employed for turret clocks it is preferred
to employ weights in place of the springs mentioned.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thompson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1867.
I, JOHN THOMPSON, of Nettlebed, in the County of Oxford, Stoneware
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of gas.
For these purposes in place of having gas retorts heated externally by their
being set in a suitable furnace, as heretofore, they are according to the present
Invention whether in a horizontal or in an upright position, to be heated by
internal flues or passages, through which highly heated air or steam is caused to
flow so as to heat the passages, or flues and consequently the coal or like gas-
making material placed in the retorts, but external of the flues or passages
placed within or formned through the retorts. The retorts may with advantage
be set in or surrounded with sand or other suitable non-conducting material.
The air or steam used for the purpose of the Invention is to be passed through
heating apparatus similar to what is employed in obtaining highly heated air
and highly heated steam employed in various manufactures. When the gas has
been extracted the flow of heated air or heated steam is to be shut off, and the
steam is then to be allowed to flow into the interior of the retorts and amongst

page_text: the coke therein, by which not only will the remaining gas be driven off from
the retorts, but the coke will be quickly brought into a condition to admit of
its being withdrawn from the retorts. The gas when it passes off from the
retorts is passed through the purifying processes ordinarily employed in the
manufacture of coal gas.
A REFRIGERATOR FOR COOLING WORT
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dale at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
his Petition, on the 5th August
1867.
I, JAMES DALE, of 195, Upper Thames St., E.C, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A REFRIGERATOR FOR COOLING WORT," to be
as follows:-
A refrigerator consisting of one or a series of corrugated or other plates of
copper or other metal placed in a vertical position, so arranged that wort may
trickle down or pass in a thin film on one side, and water pass in a similar
way on the other side.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESSES OF AND APPARATUS FOR ROVING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Whitehead at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1867.
I, THOMAS WHITEHEAD, of Holbeck, in the Parish of Leeds, in the County
of York, a Partner in the Firm of "Taylor, Wordsworth, and Company,"
Machine and Tool Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESSES OF AND APPARATUS FOR ROVING, SPINNING,
AND TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
In the roving frame I take the roving from a thicker roving than heretofore
and pass it through one or two troughs of hot or cold water, in which in some
cases suitable chemical agents may be dissolved, then through holding rollers,
and then drawing rollers to draw the sliver smaller; then it is passed round
one or more grooved or plain steam rollers so as to dry the fibre before going
on to the bobbin, but so arranged that one or more slivers may be wound on
the same bobbin.
Another portion of my Invention consists in a novel application of a fixed
collar to extend the full length of the traverse part of the spindle so that the
bobbin runs upon the fixed collar or tube instead of upon the revolving spindle,
thereby enabling the spindle to make more revolutions.
I also propose to
attach a ring to the lower part of the flyer legs, so as to
expanding when running at a high velocity. The ring has been used for
prevent them from

page_text: heavy spinning purposes, where the spindle has had a support both at the head
and foot; but I claim the attaching of a ring in such spindles as are used
for fine purposes where they have no support at the head or top.
I also propose in slack twisted yarns to place a revolving whirl underneath
the bobbin so as to cause the bobbin to run slightly slower than the spindle,
and thereby lessen the drag or strain on the yarn.