matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DEPOSITION OF COPPER, NICKEL, BRASS, AND OTHER METALS UPON IRON, STEEL, AND CAST METAL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Unwin, Henry John
Brook, and Edward Goodrick Draper at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th July 1874.
We, JOHN UNWIN, HENRY JOHN BROOK, and EDWARD GOODRICK
DRAPER, all of Globe Works, Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
DEPOSITION OF COPPER, NICKEL, BRASS, AND OTHER METALS UPON IRON, STEEL,
AND CAST METAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to and consists in the use of certain metallic
substances to be used either separately or combined, which when
deposited upon iron, steel, or cast metal will to a considerable extent
preserve them from the rust and decay produced by the action of the
atmosphere or of water, either salt or fresh.
Hitherto it has been found that deposits by a galvanic battery or
electricity of copper, nickel, brass, and other metals upon iron, steel, or
cast metal have not succeeded to the extent that has been desired in
consequence of not having been first coated with substances that would

page_text: prevent or hinder a chemical action taking place between the two metals
iron and copper. We therefore deposit upon iron, steel, or cast metal
lead, tin, zinc, and antimony in a molten state cither separately or com-
bined. Then upon these substances we deposit with a sulphate or
cyanide solution copper, brass, or nickel by the aid of clectricity.
The proportions of metals to be deposited in a molten state will vary
according to the result required to resist the weather, the atmosphere, or
water, whether salt or otherwise. Either sulphate, or cyanide colutions
may be used, but we prefer the double sulphate in most cases.
IMPROVED DISINfecting and Medicated Paper
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolf Gutensohn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
October 1874.
I, ADOLF GUTENSOHN, of Burdett Road, Bow, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED DISINfecting and Medicated Paper," to be as follows:—
My Invention relates to paper rendered disinfecting and medicated by
the treatment herein described. This paper will be found of very great
utility. It is chiefly designed to be used in waterclosets instead of
ordinary paper, and when so used will prevent offensive smells and will
answer the same purpose as disinfecting liquids or other materials
introduced into the closet pipes. The said paper will also be found very
efficacious for preventing and curing piles and other like diseases.
In preparing my improved disinfecting or medicated paper, I proceed
as follows:-I make a strong solution of hypermanganate of potash and
iodide of sodium soap in equal proportions. This solution is made in
any suitable vessel and the sheets of paper are by immersion or.
otherwise throughly saturated or impregnated with the said solution;
the sheets of paper are then dried and are ready for sale or use.

page_text: The iodide of sodium soap is highly estimated for the cure of piles and
skin diseases, and the compound or solution consisting of this substance
and the hypermanganate of potash possess the advantage of not
affecting the pituitous tunic or mucous lining. It also decomposes
liquids containing ammonia or hydrosulphates and by its use in the
preparation of my improved paper it will be obvious that the said paper
will be rendered greatly superior to other materials which possess only
disinfecting properties.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF TAPS AND VALVES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Westley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1874.
I, JAMES WESTLEY, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF TAPS AND VALVES," to be as follows:
This Invention relates to the construction of all taps or valves
employed for steam, water, or other purposes wherein a valve or clack
fits on to or into a scating. In taps or valves of this kind it has hitherto
been invariably the case that the seating into or on to which the valve
or clack fits has been cast or made of one piece with the body of the tap
or valve, and in case of such seatings becoming worn or damaged a new
tap or valve has been required.
My Invention consists principally in providing taps or valves of this
description with loose seatings, the principal object being to afford
facility for the repair or renewal of such seatings when required, without
the necessity for a new tap or valve altogether, and thus to effect a con-
siderable economy or saving of expense,

page_text: The loose seatings are made in the form of loose rings of the required
form and size, provided with a shoulder or flange, and accurately fitted into
an annular recess turned in the body of the tap or valve for that purpose.
This loose scating is held in its place by means of a ring, which in taps or
small valves with screwed spindles may be attached to the inner part of o
the screwed gland through which the valve spindle passes out, but in
other valves it may be scoured by bolts, screws, or otherwise to the body
of the valve, according to the form and position of the same.
It will be evident that these loose seatings can be readily withdrawn
and renewed at any time without much trouble, and thus a great saving 10
will be effected both in time and expense in renewing the seatings when
required.
AN IMPROVED BED
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kennett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
June 1874.
I, JOHN KENNETT, of Eastbourne, in the County of Sussex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BED," to be
as follows: -
The primary object being to keep the feet and legs of invalids and
aged persons warm while in bed.
To attain this object I attach a quilted flap to the bottom or foot of
any bed or mattress, which flap is made of the same width as the bed or
mattress; the flap may be stuffed with down, feathers, wool, hair, or any
other suitable material and may be from twenty to fifty inches deep or
of any required depth, and two or three inches thick or of any required
thickness.
In "making the bed," the flap is thrown back out of the way till
the bottom blanket and sheets are placed on the bed, then the flap is
turned over them so as to cover the feet and legs of the person, and then
the other blankets are put on over all, and tucked under at the foot of
the bed in the usual way.

page_text: I constructing my improved bed I make a mattress in the usual way
two inches thick or more, which may be stuffed with hair, wool, or any *
other suitable material, the under part of the tick of this mattress forms
the top of a thicker mattress which may be stuffed with cork shavings,
straw, wool, or any other suitable material, and the flap as described 5
above is attached to the foot of the top mattress.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS FOR LIGHTING GAs
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by John Whitworth at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
September 1874.
I, JOHN WHITWORTH, of Royton, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS FOR LIGHTING GAs," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of safety hand lamps for
lighting the gas in mills, warehouses, and other places where there is
danger of fire, the object of the Invention being to protect the flame
from contact with any extraneous matter, and at the same time to afford a
greater facility for lighting the gas without explosion or waste thereof,
and to prevent the waste of oil occasioned by the necessary tilting or
inclining of the lamp as ordinarily practised.
I construct the body of the lamp with an oil vessel and wick holder
of the ordinary form, and round the wick I have an inner short cylinder
of wire gauze or finely perforated metal. The top or chimney of the
lamp (which screws on) I make also of perforated metal or wire gauze,
the said top being a double cylinder above the flame, the lower part

page_text: opposite to the flame of the lamp being single for about the height of
the short inner cylinder above-mentioned and having rather larger per-
forations. Above this short single part and between it and the upper or
double cylindrical part of the top or chimney, there is soldered or
otherwise fixed a washer or slightly concave annular plate of metal, 5
which forms a flange both inside and outside the cylinder having an
opening through the centre.
The lamp when used (instead of being tilted or inclined above the gas
jet as the ordinary lamps must necessarily be), is held in a perpendicular
position at the side of the jet with the ouside flange above-named just 1
over the orifice, and the tap being turned the flange collects the gas
which then penetrates the larger perforations at this point, and entering
the lamp becomes ignited without the necessity for tilting or inclining
the lamp and thus spilling and wasting the oil. There is also a small
extinguisher worked by a wire from the bottom for extinguishing the 1
flame without opening the lamp.
A NEW OR IMPROVED QUILTED FABRIC FOR COVERING STEAM ENGINES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Potition,
on the 7th August 1874.-A communication from abroad by
Charles Gaudefroy, fils, of Beaucamps-le-Vieux (Somme), France,
Merchant.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED QUILTED FABRIC
FOR COVERING STEAM ENGINES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," a communication
to me from abroad by Charles Gaudefroy, fils, of Beaucamps le Vieux
(Somme), France, Merchant, to be as follows:-
=
The quilted fabric, the subject of this Invention, is intended to
protect the objects and apparatuses to which it is applied from the
effects of the surrounding atmosphere. This fabric is composed of two
superposed layers of animal hair or flock, between which is placed a
thick thread or weft of the same material, forming parallel lines

page_text: extending from one edge of the fabric to the other in the direction of
its breadth. The whole is united and sufficiently strengthened by a
double stitching, the threads of goat hair crossing each other between
cach of the thick threads or weft which they intersect at a right
angle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CIRCULAR MACHINES FOR MAKING RIBBED LOOPED FABRICS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Raven, of the Town of Leicester, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE
TO CIRCULAR MACHINES FOR MAKING RIBBED LOOPED FABRICS."
Sealed the 9th February 1875, and dated the 11th December 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATON left by the said William Raven at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th December 1874.
I, WILLIAM RAVEN, of the Town of Leicester, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CIRCULAR MACHINES FOR MAKING RIBBED LOOPED
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
I employ a circular ribbed frame of the usual construction, and
attach thereto either one feeder carrying two threads, or two feeders

page_text: each carrying a thread, in either case one thread lies above the other;
the lower thread is fed to the whole of the needles, and the upper one to
certain of the needles in any order I may arrange. Suppose for instance
I employ a frame for making a three and three ribbed looped fabric, in
such case every other set of needle bits carrying the needles have the
lower part of the neb which projects from the bit cut away in order to
enable the needles they carry to be drawn down somewhat lower than the
adjacent three needles on each side of them; the consequence of such
arrangement is that the needle bits which are depressed the lowest
secure the lowest thread, the upper thread passing behind such needles;
the upper thread being with the lower thread secured by the needles on
each side of those which secure the lower thread only. And suppose I
employ a blue thread for the lower guide, and a white thread for the
upper guide, a vertical blue striped fabric will be produced, having threo
wales blue, and the next three wales on each side thereof will be speckled
or mixed white and blue; thus it is evident that I can arrange the
frame needle bits so as to produce any pattern of vertical stripe I may
require.
The needle bits which carry the needles which secure only the lower
or coloured striping thread are held down until they have secured their
thread by bits or by additional inclines.
The whole of the needles which form the vertical blue stripes are
operated so as to draw a shorter loop and make the work stiffer at such
stripe.
When I purpose to make horizontal blue stripes in combination with
vertical blue stripes I proceed as follows:-When reeling the white.
thread I reel, say, twelve laps of white thread, then tie the end of such
thread to a blue thread and reel twelve laps white and blue alternately;
such arrangement of threads will produce a ribbed loop fabric having
vertical and horizontal blue stripes enclosing squares of speckled or
mixed blue and white; the width and length of the patterns and colours
employed can thus be varied as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING MESSAGES OR SIGNALS FOR SHIPS, HOTELS, OR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hopcraft at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th January 1874.
I, THOMAS HOPORAFT, of Mincing Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING MESSAGES OR SIGNALS FOR SHIPS,
HOTELS, OR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved arrangements of apparatus for
telegraphic purposes constructed so as to work by atmospheric pressure.
The object of these improvements is to obtain a more ready and
speedy method of transmitting messages, signals, or orders than has
hitherto been obtained on board ship or elsewhere by similar means.
obtain this I construct a circular corrugated metallic disc or atmospheric
chamber formed with a ring of metal on its outer circumference and
fixed on a metallic plate which forms its base. Pressure is applied on
the surface or corrugated part of the disc or atmospheric chamber
To

page_text: Inside the receiving apparatus and connected at the extremity of the
conveying tube an india-rubber disc is arranged, which is inflated by the
force of air from the transmitter, and while being inflated gives motion
to a metal disc, which is connected to metal rods, the same causing a
wheel to rotate, which moves the hand or pointer to the same description
of order as given from the transmitter.
A NEW SYSTEM OF ADVERTISEMENTS BY RAILWAY TICKETS AND OTHER PUBLIC UTILITY AND PLEASURE SERVICES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Guiseppe Montefiore at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st April 1874.
I, GUISEPPE MONTEFIORE, of Florence, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW SYSTEM OF ADVERTISEMENTS BY RAILWAY
TICKETS AND OTHER PUBLIC UTILITY AND PLEASURE SERVICES," to be as
follows:-
―
My Invention consists in the application to tickets in use on railways,
and to other tickets of a sheet on which may be printed commercial,
industrial, or other kinds of advertisements, without at the same time
making any alteration in the dimensions of the ticket.
Figure 1 of the annexed Drawing shows a railway ticket and of the
ordinary dimensions; Figure 2 shews the strip of which the parts c, c,
are applied to the back of the ticket (Figure 1). This strip has two
lines of perforations a, a, to facilitate tearing off, it has also two hollows
for use as herein-after mentioned.

page_text: between the strip and the ticket, Figure 4. With respect to the tickets
of companies with whom it is customary to have printed directions or
remarks on the back, the two hollows e, e, of the strip allow of the sheet
b, b, (which is folded and placed under the said strip Figure 4) being
taken away by the traveller without tearing the strip itself. With
respect to the tickets of companies with whom it is not customary to
have printed remarks on the back, one or both of the hollows may be
omitted or the depth of the same may be diminished, the words "to be
torn off," or other suitable words being printed on the strip to inform the
traveller that he may extract the advertisement sheet.
It is intended to apply to railway passenger and other tickets a strip
or band containing a sheet for advertisements larger than the ticket, but
folded to the same size.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF MEAT OR ANIMAL SUB- STANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Garrett Tongue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th February 1874.-A communication from abroad by Julius
August Heinrich Dámkochler, Landscape Painter, of Berlin, in the
German Empire.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck, Patent
Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF MEAT OR ANIMAL SUB-
STANCES (communicated to mo from abroad by Julius August Heinrich
Dămkoehler, Landscape Painter, of Berlin, in the German Empire), to
be as follows:-
"
For this purpose the meat to be preserved is first dried at a tem-
perature of about 35 to 60 degrees Réaumur until the meat is encased by
a thin dried crust or coating; it is then hung up to cool in the air
and packed in a suitable case, the meat being completely surrounded by
hard dried salt. The cases may be hermetically closed or not, but the
meat must be dried very carefully, and every part of the meat must be
perfectly dry, because if it is not so it would become pickled meat, and

page_text: would thus be rendered unfit for preserving in accordance with these
improvements.
The meat prepared as above described is unaffected by and may be
preserved in any climate in the world, and may be kept in a good state
for one year or longer without losing any of its nutritive qualities or its
good appearance, and is fit for every kind of cooking or preparation.
After some time the meat so prepared can be repacked and put into
other cases filled with hard dried salt, which course is very advisable, as
after some time the meat can be packed closer together, and it is not
necessary to use so much salt for covering the meat.
The pieces of meat can be as large as may be convenient, or the whole
carcass of an animal can be preserved by this process.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN WHEELS AND AXLES FOR RAILWAY, TRAMWAY, OR OTHER ROLLING STOCK
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Olive Palmer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1874.
I, WALTER OLIVE PALMER, of Clapham Road, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN WHEELS AND AXLES FOR RAILWAY, TRAMWAY, OR OTHER ROLLING
STOCK," to be as follows:-
I propose to combine wheels and axle in such wise that the wheels
shall be quite independent of each other and free to rotate in opposite
directions when desirable; for example, in turning sharp curves on
railways. Here the outer rail being much longer than the inner one, it
follows that the outer wheel should travel proportionately faster than
the inner one. Now where both wheels are keyed on the same axle and
thus dependent upon each other, they necessarily skid and slide over the
rails instead of treading them as they should do, whereas where my
Invention is adopted the inner wheel being free to rotate independently
of the outer one they will both adapt their revolutions to the require-
ments of the curves over which they are travelling, the result being

page_text: greater safety, less vibration of the carriages, therefore easier travelling,
and as there will be little or no sliding on the rails, and fewer lateral
shocks, a great saving in the wear and tear of both rails and rolling
stock.
My Invention will be found equally applicable to vans and other 5
vehicles running upon ordinary roads.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing Fig. 1 represents in sectional
elevation wheels and axle embodying my Invention, and Fig. 2 is a
cross section at a, b, Fig. 1.
A indicates the axle; B, B', the wheels; C, C', elongated bosses or 1
hollow shafts attached to or of one piece with the wheels; D, D¹,
bearings or bushes for shafts C, C'; E, E, bearings for carriage or car;
F, F, carriage springs.
It will be seen that the wheel B with its boss or shaft C rotates on the
bearings D quite independently of the wheel B¹ which rotates on the 1
bearings D¹, the axle A not revolving, but simply acting as support to
the entire arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING LINEN AND COTTON THREADS; AND THE EMPLOYMENT THEREOF FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL EFFECTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Badcock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1874.
I, JAMES BADCOCK, of the Firm J. Badcock and Son, of Westmoreland
Buildings, Aldersgate Street, in the City of London, Skirt and Costume
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING LINEN AND COTTON THREADS; AND THE EMPLOYMENT
THEREOF FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL EFFECTS," to be as follows
My Invention consists in dyeing linen or cotton thread proper in steps
or stages of the same colour in the way of its length, so that different.
tints rising and blending from faint to light or from light to dark, and
vice versa, as desired, are produced.
Secondly. In employing such dyed cotton or thread to the production
of ornamental effects such as figures, flowers, or devices generally upon
the surfaces of fabrics, the dyed threads or cotton being used in ordinary
looms or frames as extra threads thrown in by hand or by additional
-

page_text: bars, eyes, or points as is commonly done with plain, dyod, or undyed
threads.
Thirdly. In embroidering or sewing such step dyed cotton or thread
upon fabrics by a Bonnaz or other sowing or embroidery machine, to
produce artistic and other effects upon the surface.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE SPEED OF ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Francis Reynolds at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th February 1874.
I, WILLIAM FRANCIS REYNOLDS, of Nightingale Lane, London Docks,
in the County of Middlesex, Nautical Instrument Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND
APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE SPEED OF ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to cause an index hand or pointer to
indicate the true speed of engines, chiefly those used for driving ships
and vessels.
In carrying the Invention into effect I arrange an electro-motoric
apparatus in connection with some moving part of an engine, and
carrying a wire or strip to a suitable position, say within sight of the
captain or officer on the "bridge," where the wire or strip is connected
or attached to a spindle of an index hand free to travel over a dial. The
wire or strip is so arranged that as the main shaft rotates the wire
becomes heated, and the heat is increased in due proportion to the
increase of speed, and pexands the wire or strip in direction of its length

page_text: correspondingly, which in its turn operates the index hand to indicate
the speed of rotation.
Instead of employing a magnetic power machine an ordinary cell
battery may be used to heat the wire or strip, and thus to operate the
index hand or its equivalent by a make and break piece, which will give
a larger number of currents as the rotation of the engine increases.
The main feature in my Invention is the employment of a wire strip,
which can be heated by a current of electricity and be expanded length-
wise, thereby to operate an index hand and show the number of rotations
of an engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN LIEU OF THE ORDINARY PENDULUM AND ESCAPEMENTS USED IN CLOCK AND WATCH WORK
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th July 1874.-A communication from abroad by
Raymond Longin, of Rue Moulinié, Bordeaux, France, Mechanic.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and
Mills, of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN LIEU OF THE ORDINARY
PENDULUM AND ESCAPEMENTS USED IN CLOCK AND WATCH WORK," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Raymond Longin, of Ruc Moulinié,
Bordeaux, France, Mechanic, to be as follows:-
There exist in machinery, and especially in clock and watch making,
inconveniences inherent to the use of the necessary gearing for working
the different kinds of pendulums serving to regulate the action of clock
and watch work.
The Inventor has endeavoured to avoid these inconveniences either
by diminishing the number of gearings or by suppressing them
completely. For this purpose the Inventor substitutes what he calls

page_text: the superposed pendulum for the ordinary pendulum, and for forming the
oscillations the elasticity of steel is found to provide a powerful auxiliary
which assists perfectly the motive power.
In order to explain the Invention and to make its working understood,
I will describe it as applied to the simplest of its numerous applications,
namely, to a turnspit or roasting jack working without gearing, and
which may be regulated more easily than any other movement known
until now.
For this purpose the axis of the apparatus is carried in.
bearings fixed to any suitable support. On this axis is fixed an
escapement wheel to which is fixed a spring barrel. In standards or
fulcra are fixed steel blades, each of which carries a pallet or escapement
point, and these steel blades are connected together at their outer ends
by a cross piece of iron, lead, or other suitable material. Thus, when
the spring barrel is wound up, the escapement wheel in revolving imparts
an impulse to the pallets or escapement points, and thereby gives motion
to the cross piece in one direction, whilst the springs or steel blades
cause the oscillation of the cross piece in the contrary direction. The
cross piece or weight is placed over the top of the escapement wheel,
and thereby forms an entirely new arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Harvesting MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Munson Osborne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th August 1874.
I, DAVID MUNSON OSBORNE, of Auburn, New York, United States
of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN Harvesting
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My present Invention relates to further improvements in the rakes
and rake operating mechanism described in the Specification of former
Letters Patent, dated February 19th, A.D. 1872, No. 587.
It has been found in practise with these machines that it is desirable
to arrange the reel to act upon the standing crop so that it may be
moved back to the cutting apparatus and laid upon the platform when
cut in line with the movement of the machine instead of obliquely as
heretofore with this class of combined rake and recl machines. It has
also been found that one rake, as described in the said former Specifi.
cation is not sufficient,

page_text: According to my present Invention I modify the aforesaid machine
to provide for these requirements as follows, that is to say, the shaft
or arm that supports the rake and beaters of the said machine is
lengthened and bent or cranked at its upper end, and the said bent or
cranked portion is made parallel, or nearly so, with the cutting appa-
ratus. The reel or beater arms are attached to a hub which revolves
on this bent or cranked portion of the said shaft. A small toothed
wheel or pinion is attached to this hub and geared with another wheel
mounted upon the inclined part of the said shaft. These gear wheels
are protected by a cover or guard which keeps them from being clogged
by straw or other matter. By this arrangement of parts the reel is
moved in a circle whose axis is parallel with the cutting apparatus, and
therefore the crop is moved to the said cutting apparatus and laid on the
platform in a line with the machine.
In the said former Specification one rake is shown and described as
pivotted to a shoe on an irregular wheel mounted on a shaft; but I now
employ two rakes attached to the said shaft in substantially the same
manner. The diameters of the gear wheels of the rakes and reel are
of such relative proportions that the said rakes will take their place in
the reel and act as beaters as they revolve.
By the use of two rakes instead of one I am enabled to make gavels
or sheaves of smaller size than could be made with these machines as
heretofore constructed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WICKS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Protheroe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
December 1874.-A communication from abroad by Pryse Protheroc,
of Halifax, Nova Scotia.
I, JOHN PROTHEROE, of Gothic Cottage, Adelaide Road, Surbiton, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WICKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in applying the fibrous mineral asbestos or
amianthus to form incombustible wicks. For this purpose the asbestos
fibres are either woven or plaited into the required form so as to con-
stitute a wick, which may be round, flat, or tubular, according to the
purpose to which it is to be applied. Wicks thus formed are employed
in the manner in which ordinary cotton wicks are used, that is to say,
a portion of the wick is immersed in the oil or other combustible liquid,
and a portion projects above the same, the liquid rising by capillary
attraction to feed the flame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER FOR STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1874.
I, JOHN TAYLOR, of Nowchurch, near Rawtenstall, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR
HEATING THE FEED WATER FOR STEAM GENERATORS," to be as follows :-
My Invention has for its object to heat the water employed in the
feeding of boilers or steam generators, before admitting such water into
the said generators and thereby to effect an economy in the consumption
of fuel. To effect such heating I force the water through a range of
tubes, which are mounted in the downcast flue which is formed in the
scating of the boiler at the rear thereof, and which serves to convey the
heated gases from the internal flue or flues into the flue which is formed
beneath the boiler. I arrange the said tubes in the form of a
grating, the said tubes being connected together to form a passage for
the flow of water, and I fix the grating across or within the said
downcast flue so that the heated gases are compelled to flow through the
said grating. When fixed in an upright position, the gases will be

page_text: compelled to flow twice through the said grating before they can enter
the bottom flue. I prefer to form the said grating of two or more rows
of tubes, the tubes in one row being opposite the spaces in the other row
or in the adjacent rows. The water flows through the tubes forming the
said grating, and enters the boiler in a highly heated condition.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES USED IN THE MAnufacture OF GLASS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William McAdam at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1874.
I, WILLIAM M ADAM, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Glass Bottle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES USED IN THE MAnufacture
OF GLASS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the arrangement or
construction of furnaces used in the manufacture of glass, has reference
to that class of glass melting furnaces known as tank furnaces.
The object of the present improvements is to prevent or diminish the
tendency of the bridges forming the ends of the tank, and over which
the flames from the fire-grates pass into the tank, from oxidizing,
burning, or wearing away as rapidly as they do if constructed solid.
This object has been effected to some extent hitherto by the use of air
channels in or through the bridges.
According to the present Invention hollows or recesses are formed in
the bridges, in which a water tank or vessel is situated, and provided

page_text: with a ball-cock or equivalent means for regulating the supply of water
thereto.
The heat imparted to the bridges is taken up by the water, and the
hot water is utilized for heating purposes, the bridges being thereby
prevented from becoming unduly heated, and rendered more durable.
By placing in the hollows or recesses a vessel capable of withstanding
pressure and provided with a safety valve this arrangement may be used
for generating steam for motive power or analogous purposes.
In place of using a water vessel or boiler as herein-before described
the hollow spaces in the bridges are filled with a non-conducting
substance, such as asbestos or amianthus, steatite or soapstone, charcoal,
or others having analogous properties.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING FROM VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FIBRES SUITABLE FOR SPINNING AND FELTING PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: ツ
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harrison Benjamin Meech at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th November 1874.
I, HARRISON BENJAMIN MEECH, of the City, County, and State of
New York, United States of America, and at present of Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING FROM
VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FIBRES SUITABLE FOR SPINNING AND FELTING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
"
My Invention relates to an improved process and machinery for
obtaining from vegetable fibrous substances fibres suitable for spinning
and felting purposes, the object being to produce a long, strong, dry
fibre, each fibre separated from its fellow fibre like wool or cotton.
According to my Invention I first reduce vegetable fibrous substances
such as bamboo, cane, palm, and grasses of different kinds, by the com-
bined aid of a high temperature with friction and maceration. For this
purpose I prefer to use the fibre disintegrating machine described in
the application for Letters Patent, No. 2956, 1874, whereby the fibres

page_text: are simultaneously ground and boiled under pressure, and therefore at a
high temperature. By this means the fibres are separated without using
large quantities of chemicals as usual, and a long and strong fibre is
produced.
When the fibres are separated and the coloring matter washed out it !
is necessary to dry the fibres without compression, so that when dry the
fibres will bo separated from one another like or wool or cotton, in order
that they may be used in the same way, or mixed therewith for like
purposes.
The fibres being separated, as above mentioned, and the coloring 1
matter washed out in the same way as paper pulp is washed, the
fibres are first submitted to the action of a centrifugal machine to expel
the greater portion of the water. They are then introduced into a
machine consisting of a revolving cylindrical or conical casing disposed
horizontally and furnished on the inside with spikes projecting inwards 1
towards the centre. This cone or cylinder is mounted to rotate on a
longitudinal shaft, which is also provided with radial projecting spikes ;
the said shaft being mounted in bearings and driven in the opposite
direction to the casing, the spikes on the shaft moving between those of
the casing and serving to toss about the fibres and keep them apart, and 2
more thoroughly expose them to a blast of hot or cold air which is
forced through the casing, a part of the blast being introduced directly
into the casing and a part through the shaft, which is tubular, and has
a number of holes by which the air escapes amongst the fibres. The
fibres are fed in at one end of the casing, and as they become dry they 2
pass on to and fly out at the other end, after which the long and short
fibres are separated in a fanning mill.
1 1
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR SHARPENING and GULLETTING THE TEETH OF SAWS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
September 1874.
I, JOHN HARRISON, of Tattenhall, in the County of Chester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR SHARPENING and GULLETTING THE TEETH OF
SAWS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to those classes of saw sharpening and
gulletting machines in which the sharpening or gulletting is produced
by means of rapidly revolving emery wheels or other cutting tools, which
are so mounted as to be capable of adjustment to cut at any desired
angle, and also to be traversed in any direction, whilst the saw being
operated upon remains stationery.
Now according to this Invention instead of traversing the revolving
tool I arrange a vice for holding the circular or other saw upon V slides
in a similar manner to the slide rest of a lathe, so that by means of
racks and pinions or screw adjustments I am enabled to traverse the
saw held in such vice in contact with the revolving tool. In this manner

page_text: the action of the revolving cutter is rendered more solid and steadier
than when mounted as herein-before described; and as a necessary
consequence the sharpening and gulletting is accomplished more
perfectly, with greater economy of time and labor, and with a degree
of accuracy unattainable by the use of files and hand labor.
In accordance with this Invention the revolving tool may still be
capable of adjustment with regard to its cutting angle, and be mounted
at the extremity of a lever, or otherwise, so as to rise and fall, as here-
tofore at the will of the operator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMIZING FUEL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Cooper Eddison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st August 1874.
I, JOSEPH COOPER EDDISON, of New Wortley, near Leeds, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR CONSUMING
SMOKE AND ECONOMIZING FUEL," to be as follows:
-
My Invention is applicable to steam boiler and other furnaces, and
has for its object the consumption of the smoke or inflammable gases
which would otherwise pass away and be wasted, at the same time
saving a great amount of fuel by its application, and is as hereafter
described.
When employed for steam boilers of ordinary construction, such as the
ordinary Cornish boiler, I place or build at a suitable distance beyond
the fire within the flue or flues a partition wall, which by preference I
make of fire-brick or fire-clay. This partition or wall is perforated with
any required number of holes so as to impede the draught of the furnace
as little as possible. The partition or wall becomes intensely hot, and

page_text: by its heat ignites the inflammable gases as they come in contact
therewith, or whilst passing the before-mentioned holes therein
provided.
By the herein-before described arrangement for burning the smoko or
inflammable gases, a large amount of heat is given off, thereby producing
a great saving of fuel.
I employ a similar arrangement to the herein-before described in
other furnaces for the purpose of consuming smoke and economizing
fuel.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLE STOPPERS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES, AS ALSO IN THE PARTS CONNECTED WITH THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Harcourt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th October
1874.
I, JOSEPH HARCOURT, Commercial Agent, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLE
STOPPERS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES, AS ALSO IN THE PARTS CONNECTED WITH THE
SAME," to be as follows, that is to say :—
I will describe my Invention as arranged and adapted for securing the
mouths of bottles suitable for holding soda water, lemonade, or other
aerated fluids, and in giving effect to my Invention in applying stoppers
to such bottles, I raise a hollow cap from suitable sheet metal, and
vandyke or scollop the said cap on its lower edge to facilitate its
gathering in and clipping the neck of the bottle, by twisting around it
soft flexible wire, or otherwise; the flat plane of the top I deflect and
pierce out, by which means I provide an internal flange surrounding the
mouth of the bottle, and which flange I tap for receiving a corre-
sponding tapped or screwed stopper, which may also be made and raised
from sheet metal or from hard wood, or part wood and part cork, or

page_text: other suitable material or compound that will permit of being tapped or
screwed, having a suitable terminal part by which the finger and thumb
may be readily applied for unscrewing the same.
In some cases instead of the metal cap herein-before referred to being
scolloped or vandyked for gathering in around the small neck of the 5
bottle and secured by soft wire or otherwise, the said cap may be
terminated with a regular edge, which may by spinning or suitable
compressing tools be gathered in around the neck of the bottle below
the swell or enlarged part of the mouth.
And instead of the opening in the raised cap occupying the whole 1
space of the internal neck of the bottle, a lateral pierce hole may be
formed and the stopper proper, whether screwed or fitting the neck of
the cap by adhesion, may have a corresponding pierce hole in the same,
that when the two are opposite each other the contents of the bottle
may be poured out or the flow way stopped by turning the stopper 1
half way round.
And in some instances an internal lining of cork may be applied
within the neck portion of the metal cap, or this portion may be plain or
screwed and a surface of cork may be applied to the stopper.
And although I have said cork other equivalent suitable materials may 2
badanted for bottles.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN RATCHET BRACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Joseph Noble at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patonts, with his Petition, on the
23rd January 1874.
I, FRANK JOSEPH NOBLE, of Gateshead-on-Tyne, in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN RATCHET BRACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in ratchet braces, which
improvements have for their object to provide a self-acting foed for the
drill or tool of simple construction, and to render the brace capable of
being readily adapted to work cither right or left handed as may be
required.
According to
my Invention the nut of the feed screw is rotated to feed
the tool by a spring pawl, which engages with the teeth of a ratchet
wheel fitted upon the feed screw nut. This feed ratchet wheel is fitted
to rotate upon the plate or frame in which the drill spindle is fitted to
turn, the said ratchet being connected with the feed screw nut by groove
and feather or otherwise, in order to turn the same without participating
in its longitudinal traverse. The pawl which actuates the said ratchet

page_text: is fitted on a pin or stud on the said plate or frame, and is provided with
an adjustable stop to regulate the amount of feed, the pawl being slotted
and provided with a spring to allow it to yield until it meets the stop.
In order to adapt the brace to work right or left handed as required,
the ratchet wheel which rotates the drill spindle is so fitted thereon that
the spindle may be readily removed and replaced by a left handed
spindle in which the ratchet wheel would be placed in a reverse position.
For this purpose a circular groove is turned around the inside of the said
ratchet, a key-way being also cut across the same to admit a stud fixed
on the spindle, which stud prevents the ratchet shifting longitudinally,
the ratchet being further fixed by a key secured by a set screw if
necessary. By this arrangement the drill spindle may be turned of the
same diameter throughout its length.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-REGULATING HORSE HOES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Charlton Armitage
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th June 1874.
I, SAMUEL CHARLTON ARMITAGE, of Chatteris, in the County of
Cambridge, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-REGULATING HORSE HOES," to be as follows:-
Certain hoes have hitherto been made sclf-regulating in degree only;
that is to say, the share or leg that carries the share has been mounted
or supported in or at one point or place thereon by and at or near one
end of a lever rocking or vibrating on an axis at the other end,
consequently the vertical or other intended position of the leg has been
in degree departed from in working over hillocks, or rough, or uneven
ground, and varied somewhat according to the intended depth of cut.
By my Invention greater uniformity in these respects is contemplated,
the same being effected by mounting or supporting the share or leg that
carries the share in or at two points or places thereon, by and at or near
onc-end of each of two such levers rocking or vibrating on separate axes,
and so as to produce a perfect or approximately perfect" parallel motion."

page_text: •
Subject to variation if desired it is intended that the axes of the two
levers should be arranged one over the other vertically at a short
distance apart, and that the two levers should be of equal length and be
jointed to the share or leg at an equal short distance apart. By these
means the share or leg will in working up or down better maintain the
vertical or other intended position, and the proper angle for cutting will
be better maintained whatever may be the elevation of the share,
whether in consequence of alterations of the depth of cut or in passing
over uneven ground. The depth of cut is regulated as heretofore by an
ordinary adjustable ground wheel or roller.
It is to be understood that one machine may embrace any convenient
number of shares or legs so mounted or supported.