Improvements in Paper Making Machines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 26th July, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 24th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 30th May, 1391
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Paper Making Machines.
I, FRANÇOIS IGNACE EUGÈNE DEBIE of 1 Boulevard St. Denis, Paris,
France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In paper making machines as hitherto constructed in which the form or mould is
cylindrical, that is to say, in which making cylinders are employed, the cylinder,
hermetically closed at both ends, revolves partly in a vat containing the pulp: part
of the water contained in the pulp passes through the wire web or cloth on the
cylinder to which the fibres contained in the pulp adhere.
The sheet of paper is thus produced without any felting of the fibres and the
result is that the paper has little strength especially in the direction of the width of
the cylinder.
Now according to one part of my invention I employ a cylindrical form or mould
open at the ends and which does not revolve in or take up pulp from a vat but
which receives it from above and thus allows of giving to the mould the oscillating
movement necessary to obtain a good felting of the fibres.
Further, in continuous paper machines as hitherto constructed, the paper is dried
by heat on cylinders and as it cannot contract while drying, it remains stretched
after drying and this affects its strength. In order to overcome this drawback,
according to another part of the invention, I separate or cut the moist sheet either
longitudinally or transversely or both without any drying by heat and the paper
can subsequently be dried by exposure to the atmosphere so that it can freely
contract in all directions as is the case with hand made paper.
In carrying out the first part of my invention I employ a cylindrical mould or
making cylinder which may be of the usual construction except that its ends are
formed of two skeleton or openwork plates fixed on a central shaft which turns in
the bearings of two horizontal lever supports; these levers are connected together
at the ends by tie rods so as to constitute a rigid frame. They are supported at
one end on columns connected by a cross beam to one end of which any suitable
device for imparting a to and fro motion is attached. The columns are hinged at
bottom. Two frames fixed on the levers and connected by tie rods carry the
carriage of the machine; this carriage comprises the following parts: two side
frames; two bars or gauges for equalizing the layer of pulp on the web; two shafts
supporting the carriage and four small supports for these shafts; rollers and tension
rollers for belts. The carriage can be adjusted in one direction to increase the
angle at which the pulp reaches the making cylinder; in this case the brackets
that carry the pulp box are lowered. From this box the pulp passes to a carrier
apron and thence to the wire or web on the cylinder through which it drains under
the shaking action imparted to the ends of the levers for the purpose of accelerating
the drainage.
The drainage water is received in a trough below in which the making cylinder
is partly submerged and it is drawn off by a pump or otherwise. The wire or web
on the cylinder is rinsed by jets of water which play upon the surface before
reaching and after leaving the trough.
The shaft of the couching roll is carried in sliding bearings which can be adjusted
so as to obtain the desired pressure of the blanket or felt upon the wire or web on
the cylinder. The sheet of paper is removed from the cylinder by the felt as in an
ordinary machine and is carried to the press rolls; the felt may or may not be
provided with a washing arrangement.
The making cylinder or circular mould is specially constructed so as to make the

page_text: paper in sheets. The two end frames and the intermediate frames of the cylinder
are fixed on the shaft and a number of adjustable longitudinal beams or bars
connect the two end frames; the number of these beams will depend upon the size
of the wooden frames to be fitted thereto to form the paper sheets. The wire
plates are attached to these wooden frames by wires. The wooden frames are
placed side by side a space of a few millimetres being left between them in which
is placed a blade that projects slightly beyond the frames. The blades are
supported by springs fixed to the adjustable beams. It will thus be seen that
every piece or section of paper on the cylinder or mould will be separated from
that preceding it by the interposed blade. When the blades pass in front of the
couching roll they yield under the pressure, the paper is removed and the blade is
then again pushed outwards by the springs.
The machine above described for carrying out my invention is one with a
making cylinder or circular mould. That part of my invention which relates to
separating or cutting the moist sheet either longitudinally or transversely or both
so that the paper when subsequently dried in the air is free to contract or felt, can
be adapted to rectilinear machines such as are now in use.
For this purpose I
dispense with all that part of the ordinary machine which relates to drying by heat
and I add to the making or moulding table beyond the couching roll the arrange-
inents which I will now proceed to describe.
The paper made on the making table or apron is carried through one or more
pairs of press rolls which remove a part of the water which it contains. From the
last of these press rolls the paper is carried under discs to the endless felt or
blanket of other press rolls, the discs being temporarily raised to allow the end of
the paper to pass and being then again lowered. The discs bear upon a felt
covered roller the paper being between them and the roller. The discs and roller
are driven by pulleys and belts from the preceding press rolls; their circumferential
speed is thus exactly the same as the speed of the paper web. The peripheries of
the discs are formed with fine and very close points so that they pierce the paper
and form therein as many longitudinal lines as there are discs. Beyond each disc
is a glass knife mounted on a small carriage which allows its height to be adjusted
and a jet of water is thrown on each knife and facilitates the separation of the
widths of paper while it at the same time strengthens their edges. The cock for
regulating the supply of the jet of water is arranged so that it is closed when the
discs are lifted. The paper thus cut into longitudinal bands or widths passes
through the next press rolls. The paper can be cut longitudinally by other means
than that just described.
The paper now carried by the endless blanket or felt of the press rolls last
referred to is next cut transversely and this is effected as follows:-
A carrier bar capable of moving between two beams connecting the press rolls
last mentioned to the next press rolls has at each end a cylinder in which moves a
piston worked by steam, compressed air or other fluid the distribution of which is
controlled by cocks. A shaft placed transversely of the machine carries a cone
pulley driven from another cone pulley on the shaft of the next press rolls. It
inakes one turn for each sheet or length of paper to be cut. Two plates fixed on
this shaft have each a tappet. The keys of the cocks above mentioned are in the
planes of these tappets and at each turn of the shafts the tappets come in contact
with the keys and open the steam inlets to the cylinders so that their pistons rise.
The ends of the pistons are thus forced against the carrier bar. On each of the
lower rolls of the press rolls preceding and following the carrier bar are pulleys
over which pass straps that are placed in the axis of the pistons. In the movement
of the pistons above described the upper parts of the straps become firmly held
between the pistons and the carrier bar so that in their travel they pull the bar
together with two nipper bars, the lower of which is fixed to the carrier bar
while the upper can slide in guides therein. In the forward movement of the
carrier bar projections come against inclined planes and cause the upper nipper bar
to descend and meet the lower bar; the inclined planes are adjustable so that the

page_text: pressure between the bars can be regulated. On the carrier bar is a valve for
supplying steam to the upper nipper bar. In the forward movement of the carrier
bar the valve lever comes against an abutment so that the valve is opened and the
steam thus admitted to the upper nipper severs the paper by pressure. As soon as
the end of the valve has passed the abutment the valve closes. The projections
above described have now passed the inclined planes and the upper nipper bar
rises under the action of springs placed at its ends. The carrier bar still travelling
the keys of the cocks meet other inclined planes and shut off the steam supply to
the cylinders and open the exhaust orifices, the pistons then descend and as the
straps are now no longer gripped the carrier bar is returned to its first position by
the action of a counterweight, ready for the next series of movements for severing
the paper. The length of the sheets is determined by the position of the belts
on the two cone pulleys.
The cut sheets pass with the blanket between the next press rolls and are then
carried on to a blower which causes them to fall upon another endless blanket which
deposits them on a table by any ordinary automatic arrangement.
The sheets thus obtained can be dried by exposure to the atmosphere and they
have all the qualities of hand made paper.
The machine is preferably arranged to cut or sever the paper web both
longitudinally and transversely as has been described, but if desired either the
longitudinal or the transverse cutting or separating arrangements can be omitted.
Dated this 26th day of July 1890.
J. C. MEWBURN,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Paper Making Machines.
I FRANÇOIS IGNACE EUGENE DEBIE of 1 Boulevard St. Denis, Paris, France,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
In paper making machines as hitherto constructed in which the form or mould
is cylindrical, that is to say, in which making cylinders are employed, the cylinder
(hermetically closed at both ends) revolves partly in a vat containing the pulp;
part of the water contained in the pulp passes through the wire web or cloth on
the cylinder to which the fibres contained in the pulp adhere. The sheet of paper
is thus produced without any felting of the fibres and the result is that the paper
has little strength, especially in the direction of the width of the cylinder.
Now according to one part of my invention, I employ a cylindrical form or
mould open at the ends and which does not revolve in, or take up pulp from a vat,
but which receives it from above and thus allows of giving to the mould the
oscillating or shaking movement necessary to obtain a good felting of the fibres.
Further, in continuous paper machines as hitherto constructed the paper is dried
by heat on cylinders and as it cannot contract while drying, it remains stretched
after drying, and this affects its strength. In order to overcome this drawback
according to another part of the invention, I separate or cut the moist sheet either
longitudinally or transversely or both without any drying by heat, and the paper
can subsequently be dried by exposure to the atmosphere so that it can freely
contract in all directions as is the case with hand made paper.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a machine constructed to carry out the first part
of my invention, Figure 2 is an end view, Figure 3 a plan and Figure 4 a transverse
section on the line A B of Figure 3. Figures 5, 6 and 7 are fractional detail

page_text: views. of a special construction of cylindrical mould..or making cylinder, Figure 5
being a section through the axis of the shaft, Eigure 6 a transverse section and
Figure 7a.plan..
C is the cylindrical mould or making cylinder which is preferably of the con-
struction shown in Figures 5, 6.and.. 7, but it may be of the usual construction
except that its ends are formed. of 2. skeleton or openwork plates S fixed. on a
central shaft a which turns in the bearings. of two horizontal lever supports D.D;
these levers D D are connected together at the one end by the tie rod and at the
other end by tie rods c and d so as to constitute a rigid frame. They are supported
at one end on columns E E connected by a cross beam F to one end e of which any
suitable device for imparting a to and fro motion is attached. The columns E E
are hinged at bottom to fect G G. Two frames J J fixed on the levers D D and
connected by tie rods .c carry the carriage of the machine; this carriage
comprises the following parts: two side frames g; two bars or gauges for
equalizing the layer of pulp on the wire or web; two shafts supporting the
carriage and four small supports m for these shafts; rollers and tension rollers i
for belts a shaft n carrying two rollers oo and mounted in bearings or sockets p;
two belts 7. The carriage can be adjusted towards the left to increase the angle
at which the pulp reaches the making cylinder; in this case the brackets L that
carry the pulp box K are lowered. From the box K the pulp passes to a carrier
apron M and thence to the wire or web on the cylinder C through which it drains
under the shaking action imparted by the ratchet shaft N to the ends of the
levers D D for the purpose of accelerating the drainage. The drainage water is
received in the trough P below, in which the making cylinder is partly submerged
and it is drawn off by a pump or otherwise. The wire or web on the cylinder is
rinsed by jets of water which play upon the surface before reaching and after
leaving the trough P.
The shaft of the couching roll Q is carried in sliding bearings which can be
adjusted by the hand devices s so as to obtain the desired pressure of the blanket
or felt upon the wire or web on the cylinder. The sheet of paper is removed from
the cylinder by the felt R as in an ordinary machine and is carried to the press
rolls the felt may or may not be provided with a washing arrangement. The
rollers over which the felt R passes are carried in bearings fixed to the frame
composed of the columns Y Y and beams Z Z. The cylindrical mould C can be
driven by a cone pulley as shown in Figure 3, or in any other convenient manner.
The making cylinder or circular mould illustrated in Figures 5, 6 and 7 is
specially constructed so as to make the paper in sheets. The two end frames S
and the intermediate frames U of the cylinder are fixed on the shaft a and a
number of adjustable longitudinal beams or bars V. connect the two end frames;
the number of these beams will depend upon the size of the wooden frames X to
be fitted thereto to form the paper sheets. The wire plates are attached to these
wooden frames by wires and these frames are attached to the beams V by angle
bars s or otherwise. The wooden frames are placed side by side, a space of a few
millimetres being left between them in which is placed a blade that projects
slightly beyond the frames. The blades are supported by springs fixed to the
adjustable beams V. It will thus be seen that every piece or section of paper on
the cylinder or mould will be separated from that preceding it by the interposed
blade. When the blades pass in front of the couching roll Q they yield under
the pressure, the paper is removed and the blade is then again pushed outward by
the springs.
The machine above described for carrying out my invention is one with a making
cylinder or circular mould. That part of my invention which relates to separating
or cutting the moist sheet either longitudinally or transversely or both so that the
paper when subsequently dried in the air is free to contract or felt can be adapted
to rectilinear machines such as are now in use. For this purpose I dispense with
all that part of the ordinary machine which relates to drying by heat, and.l.add to

page_text: the making or moulding table beyond the couching roll the arrangements which I
will now proceed to describe with reference to Figures 8 to 14.
Figure 8 is a side elevation of the machine not including the making table which
can be of the ordinary construction.
Figure 9 is a plan of the same.
Figures 10 to 13 are detail views on a larger scale of the arrangement for cutting
the paper web transversely.
Figure 14 is a detail view showing one of the discs and knives for cutting the
paper web longitudinally.
The paper made on the making table or apron is carried from the moist press
rolls A through the pairs of press rolls B and C (or one of these pairs can be
dispensed with) which remove a part of the water which it contains. From the
press rolls C the paper is carried under discs a to the endless felt or blanket of the
press rolls D, the discs a being temporarily raised by means of the sector a or
other suitable device to allow the end of the paper to pass, and being then again
lowered. The discs a bear upon a felt covered roller b the paper being between
them and the roller. The discs and roller are driven by pulleys and belts from
the press rolls C; their circumferential speed is thus exactly the same as the speed
of the paper web. The peripheries of the discs a are formed with fine and very
close points so that they pierce the paper and form therein as many longitudinal
lines as there are discs.
Beyond cach disc is a glass knife & mounted on a small carriage (Figure 14)
which allows its height to be adjusted and a jet of water from a pipe d is thrown on
each knife and facilitates the separation of the widths of paper while it at the same
time strengthens their edges. The cock e for regulating the supply of the jet of
water is arranged so that it is closed when the discs a are lifted. The paper thus
cut into longitudinal bands or widths passes through the next press rolls D. The
paper can be cut longitudinally by other means than that just described.
The paper now carried by the endless blanket or felt E of the press rolls D is
next cut transversely and this is effected as follows:-
Two
A carrier bar F, Figures 10 to 13, capable of moving between two beams ƒƒ'.
connecting the press rolls D to the next press rolls H, has at each end a cylinder g,
in which moves a piston worked by steam, compressed air or other Huid, the
distribution of which is controlled by cocks i. A. shaft G, (Figures 8 and 9),
carries a cone pulley j driven from another cone pulley j' on the shaft of the press
rolls H. It makes one turn for each sheet or length of paper to be cut.
plates fixed on the shaft G have cach a tappet. The keys m of the cocks i are
in the planes of these tappets and at each turn of the shaft G the tappets come in
contact with the keys and open the steam inlets to the cylinders so that their
pistons rise. The ends of the pistons are thus forced against the parts of the
carrier bar F. On each of the lower rolls of the press rolls D and H are
pulleys o ol over which pass straps p that are placed in the axis of the pistons h.
In the upward movement of the pistons the upper parts of the straps p become
firmly held between the pistons and the carrier bar F so that in their travel they
pull the bar together with two nipper bars I and 11 (seen in end view in Figure 15)
the lower of which I is fixed to the carrier bar while the upper I can slide in
guides therein. In the forward movement of the carrier bar the projections
come against the inclined planes and cause the upper nipper bar ¹ to descend
and meet the lower bar 1; the inclined planes s are adjustable so that the pressure
between the bars can be regulated. On the carrier bar F is a valve J receiving
steam by the pipe and supplying it by the pipe t' to the upper nipper bar I.
In the forward movement of the carrier bar F the valve lever u comes against an
abutment K so that the valve is opened and the steam thus admitted to the upper
nipper bar severs the paper by pressure. As soon as the end of the valve lever u
has passed the abutment K the valve J closes. The projections have now passed
the inclined planes s and the upper nipper bar I' rises under the action of springs
placed at its ends. The carrier bar F still travelling, the keys of the cocks meet
3
2"

page_text: the inclined planes L, and shut off the steam supply to the cylinders g and open
the exhaust orifices; the pistons then descend and as the straps p are now no
longer gripped, the carrier bar is returned to its first position by the action of the
counterweights P, ready for the next series of movements for severing the paper.
The length of the sheets is determined by the position of the belts on the two cone
pulleys jj.
The cut sheets pass with the blanket between the press rolls H and are then
carried on to a blower which causes them to fall upon another endless blanket 'M
which deposits them on a table N by any ordinary automatic arrangement.
ย
The sheets thus obtained can be dried by exposure to the atmosphere and they
have all the qualities of hand made paper.
The machine is preferably arranged to cut or sever the paper web both longi-
tudinally and transversely as has been described, but if desired either the
longitudinal or the transverse cutting or separating arrangements can be omitted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a paper making machine, a rotating cylindrical mould or making cylinder
supplied with pulp at the upper part, and having a shaking movement, substantially
as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.
•
2. The combination of parts, substantially as hereinbefore described, for
imparting a shaking movement to the rotating cylindrical mould or making cylinder
of a
a paper making machine.
3. The special construction of cylindrical mould or making cylinder hereinbefore
described, whereby the paper is made in sheets.
4. The combination of parts, substantially as hereinbefore described and shown
in Figures 1 to 7, constituting an improved cylindrical mould paper making
machine.
5. In a rectilinear paper making machine, appliances or apparatus, substantially as
herein before described, for cutting the paper web longitudinally.
6. In a rectilinear paper making machine, appliances or apparatus, substantially
as hereinbefore described, for severing the paper web transversely.
7. The combination of parts, substantially as herein before described and shown
in Figures 8 to 15, constituting an improved rectilinear mould paper making
machine.
. Dated this.24th day of April 1891.
J. C. MEWBURN,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agent.