Improvements in the Manufacture of Boxes and Cases of Wood.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Boxes and Cases of Wood.
I, JOHN EDWIN DAVIDSON, of Crispin Works, Marshgate Lane, Stratford, in the
County of Essex, Case Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to boxes and cases, such as are used for the packing of
goods for transit and otherwise and to their manufacture.
In carrying out my invention I form the ends of the cases, or boxes of (say)
four pieces of wood sufficiently thick to bear being nailed and these pieces I nail
and clinch to a sheet of two or more layered veneers, the grain of the respective
sheets of veneer being arranged to lie at different angles.
The sheet of veneers now has a thick wooden border. The opposite end of the
case is similarly constructed, and these are arranged in position with the frame
wood outwards. Another sheet of two or more ply veneer, having a similar outer
edging of wood, top and bottom, nailed and clinched to the veneer, is connected
at each side to these end pieces, by nails, or the like fastenings, which are driven
through the edges of the veneer sheet, where the wood frame is absent, into the
wood frames of the ends. Then the top and bottom sheets of veneers, with crossed
grains, are applied and nailed to the frame wood of the end pieces and side pieces;
the whole forming a cheap, strong, light, neat and useful case for packing and
transport.
The frame wood attached to the top, bottom, side and end sheets of crossed
veneer being all on the outside the projections thus provided serve most con-
veniently to facilitate handling, or to give excellent hold for grappling hooks or
the like.
Each side or section of the case it will be understood is composed of one solid
sheet of two or more ply veneer, each ply crossing grain. The class of wood used
to produce such panels may be either hard or soft wood, but preferably the former.
At the same time if the reduction of weight is the primary desideratum then
basswood, whitewood or kindred light woods may be utilized.
As no holding for a nail can be obtained in the three ply or like veneer wood
the strips or ledges give a strong and sufficient holding for the nails driven
through the compound veneer sheets.
The thickness and depth of the strips ledges or battens will be varied according
to the strength of case and the class of nail employed, and the material for the
same may be hard wood but pine or other soft woods may be employed.
The thicknesses of the veneer panels may greatly vary but I have found that a
thickness of the compound crossed grains material of from three twentieths of an
inch to one half of an inch in thickness will give very great strength.
1007

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Boxes and Cases of Wood.
I, JOHN EDWIN DAVIDSON, of Crispin Works, Marshgate Lane, Stratford, in the
County, of Essex, Case Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to boxes and cases such as are used for the packing of
goods for transit and otherwise and to their manufacture.
1
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a plan view of one form of box made according to this invention.
Fig. 2 is a view taken looking at the longer and narrower side of Fig. 1, and
having parts of 6 and b¹ at one corner removed the better to show construction and
Fig. 3 is a view of the same looking at. the shorter and shallower side or "end"
of the box Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 shows, by a side view, an alternative method of shaping the meeting
corners of the framing or battens.
Figs. 5 and 6 shew by face and edge views details of alternative methods of
forming the joints or meeting parts of the framing in Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 shews by a plan view,
Fig. 8 by an end view, and
Fig. 9 by a side view another arrangement of the parts of a box.
Fig. 10 shows, by an end view, an alternative method of constructing the ends,
and
Fig. 11 shows a plan view of parts of such a construction,
Figs. 12, 13 and 14, show three perspective views illustrating respectively the
constructions indicated by Figs. 1-3; 7-9 and 10-11.
In certain of the preceding figures of the drawings the middle portions are
shown as being omitted or broken away for the convenience of the drawings.
In carrying out my invention according to the first construction I form the end
frames a¹, a¹ of the cases, or boxes, of (say) four pieces of wood sufficiently thick
to bear being nailed or screwed and these pieces a¹ I nail and clinch to a sheet a
of two or other number of layers of veneers, of wood suitably cemented together
and compacted by compression the grain of the respective sheets of veneer being
disposed so as to lie at different or crossing angles.
The sheets of vencers to form the box thus have each a thick wooden border a¹.
Each opposite end of the case is similarly constructed, and according to the con-
structions Figs. 1-4, and Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 14, these ends are arranged in the
box so that when completed the frame wood is outwards. Another sheet of three,
or other ply of veneer wood, b, having a similar outer edging of wood b1, b¹ at
top and at bottom, nailed and clinched or otherwise secured to the veneer b, is
connected at each side to the end frame a¹, by nails or the like fastenings, one or
more of which are indicated, at n, which are driven through the thickness of the
veneer sheet near the edge thereof where the wood frame b₁ is absent, into the
wood frames a¹ of the ends. Then the top and bottom sheets of veneers e, with
superimposed crossed grained structure are applied and nailed to the framework
of the end pieces, a¹ and to the side pieces b the whole forming a cheap, strong
light, neat and useful case having an internal area clear of all projections whereby
the packing of certain classes of goods is much facilitated and cost of transpor
lessened..
In this construction the frame wood attached to the top, bottom, side and end

page_text: sheets of crossed veneer being all located on the outside the projections thus con-
stituted serve most conveniently as hand-holds to facilitate carriage, or to afford
hold for grappling hook, or for like purposes.
In some instances the veneer walls may be made permeable to air by means of
holes cut therein-such as when fruit is to be carried and the spaces that are
necessarily left, even when boxes are closely packed against one another, between
the top and bottom battens b', form airways so as to admit of ventilation being
preserved.
The modification presented by the Figs. 7, 8 and 9 and more clearly in per-
spective by Fig. 13, is characterized by the absence of all projections upon the
outer plane surfaces of the top, bottom, sides and ends, whilst the interior gains,
in area available for stowage, by the aggregate of the areas of the spaces between
the frames, of the previous construction, and this form will be especially useful
for tea and loose goods that may be said to arrange themselves.
The modification presented by Figs. 10, 11 and 14 is of an intermediate con-
struction having the plane surfaces at top, bottom and sides as shown in Fig. 13
whilst it has the projecting frames at its ends as shown in Fig. 12 so as to provide
hand-hold, or like hold, which will be found useful for transport on the heads of
human carriers. It will also be evident that the ends may carry internal battens
and the sides the external ones.
The pieces of the end frames as a¹, a¹ may be mitre jointed as in Figs. 4, 5
and 6, butt jointed as in Figs. 12, 13 and other of the figures, or they may be
tenon-jointed as in the left hand member of the details Fig. 6, or otherwise.
Each side or section of the case, throughout these modifications of construction
of cases, is composed of one solid composite multi-ply sheet of veneer wood, grains
crossed.
The class of wood used to produce such panels may be either hard, or soft, but
preferably I use the former, but at the same time, if reduction of weight is the
primary requirement, then basswood, whitewood, or kindred woods of remarkable
lightness may be utilized.
No sufficient holding for a nail can be obtained in the multi-ply or like com-
posite wood veneer if driven in the direction of the plane of the ply but the
strips or ledges give a strong and efficient holding for nails driven through into
them through the composite sheets at right angles to the plane of the ply.
The thickness and depth of the strips, ledges or battens a and b will be varied
according to the strength or size of case and the class of fastening used and the
material for same may be hard wood but pine or other soft wood may be employed,
the thicknesses of the veneer panels may vary considerably but I have found that
a thickness of composite sheets, veneers crossed in grain, of from three twentieths
of an inch to one half an inch will give very great strength and will satisfy all
ordinary requirements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The improved construction of boxes or cases having framings, ledges or
battens combined with sheets of composite veneer wood, having the grains crossed,
cemented and compressed, and having the frames, ledges or battens secured to the
side sheets and to each other by nails, or the like, substantially as set forth.
2. The improved construction of boxes or cases having framings, ledges or
Obattens around or along the external edges of composite veneer wood having the
grains crossed cemented and compressed, said frames, ledges or battens being
secured to the side and end sheets, and to each other by nails or the like, substan-
tially as set forth.
3. The improved construction of boxes or cases having framings, ledges or
5 battens around or along the internal edges of composite veneer wood having the
grains crossed cemented and compressed said framings, ledges or battens being

page_text: secured to the side and end sheets and to each other by nails or the like, sub-
stantially as set forth.
4. The improved construction of boxes or cases having framings, ledges or
battens around or along a portion of the internal and a portion of the external
edges of composite veneer wood having the grains crossed cemented and com-
pressed said framings, ledges or battens being secured to the side and end sheets
and to each other by nails or the like, substantially as set forth.
Dated the 22nd day of June 1898
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55/56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.