IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS USED FOR THE CIB- CULATION OF HOT WATER FOR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Cannell, of Clyde Cottage, Paradise Hill,
Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Nurseryman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS USED FOR THE CIB-
CULATION OF HOT WATER FOR HEATING PURPOSES."
Scaled the 11th August 1871, and dated the 18th February 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by thic said Henry Cannell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou the
18th February 1871.
I, HENRY CANNELL, of Clyde Cottage, Paradise Hill, Woolwich, in
the County of Kent, Nurseryman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS USED
FOR THE CIRCULATION OF HOT WATER FOR HEATING PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
The apparatus consists of nine separate hollow castings placed one
upon another and connected by pipes as herein-after described. Upon

page_text: brick work is placed the first or basement casting consisting of a hollow
rectangular frame into which are fixed eight, more or less according
to size of boiler, circular hollow fire-bars each placed at such a distance
from one another as to allow sufficient space for the draught. At the
back, or further end of this casting are fixed the flow and return pipes
and in the front the discharge pipe. The ash-pit is formed by the
brickwork supporting the first or basement casting and is to be enclosed
by n door hung on a solid cast-iron frame built into the brickwork.
Upon the first or basement casting are placed four other separate
hollow castings, two of which (Nos. 2 and 3) forming the sides of the
furnace are fluted and placed parallel with the hollow fire-bars, and to
be of such a length as to allow for the two remaining castings (Nos. 1
and 5) which form the back and front respectively of the apparatus to
be flush with the ends of the first or basement casting. The back or
No. 4 casting is to be of such size and dimensions as to cover the whole
of the end of the apparatus and to be connected at the bottom by
pipes with castings (Nos. 2 and 3) respectively, and at the top on cach
side with casting No. 9 herein-after described. The front or casting No. 5
is to be of such a height that the top will be level with the top of casting
No. 6 forming the top of the furnace. The front is to be built up
with brickwork with sliding doors built in for the furnace and to allow
the flues to be properly cleaned out. This front or No. 5 casting is con-
nected at the bottom by pipes with castings (Nos. 2 and 3) respectively
and at the top on each side with casting No. 6. Upon the top of
castings Nos. 2 and 3 is placed a 6th further and separate hollow fluted
casting forming the top of the furnace having a space left at the back
opening upwards to allow a free passage for the hot air and smoke to
pass out of the furnace under a separate and hollow casting No. 7
which when fixed forms two flues communicating with flues formed by
a similar casting No. 8, which is placed immediately above. Upon the
top of the 8th casting is placed a 9th separate hollow casting which
forms when fixed but one flue and acts as the top of the apparatus.
A rectangular opening is to be made at the top communicating with
the flue for the passage of the smoke and hot air into the chimney.
The circulation of the hot water from and into every separate and
hollow casting is effected by means of four sets of pipes affixed externally
to the castings, two sets being placed on either side of the apparatus.

page_text: The boiler will have a damper to regulate the draught. The flames or
hot air from the fire placed on the hollow bars will pass between castings
Nos. 2 and 3 until they arrive at the opening described to be left at
the back of casting No. 6, where they will divide and pass upwards
towards the front through the two flues formed by casting No. 7, they
will then return towards the back through the two flues formed by
casting No. 8, and again uniting in the top fluc formed by casting No. 9
will pass into the chimney, thus the hot air will pass four times
through the internal length of the apparatus before escaping through
the chimney.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Cannell in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 17th August 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
CANNELL, of Clyde Cottage, Paradise Hill, Woolwich, in the County
of Kent, Nurseryman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in
the thirty-fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry Cannell, Her special
licence that I, the said Henry Cannell, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Cannell, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, aud
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS USED FOR THE CIRCULATION OF HOT WATER
FOR HEATING PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Henry Cannell, my exccutors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the

page_text: same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Cannell, do hereby declaro
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The apparatus consists of separate hollow castings connected by pipes
and placed as herein-after described, in which, as will be seen, I use
by preference, ten of such castings. Upon brickwork are placed the
basement castings consisting of a hollow rectangular frame formed by
two hollow castings, of which casting, or what I will call No. 1, forms
the two sides and back, and casting which I will call No. 2, the front. At
the back and front should be cast seven sockets (more or less, according
to the size of the boiler) for the reception of the hollow fire-bars, cach
placed at such a distance as to allow sufficient space for the draught,
the sockets to be set back and part of the hollow casting to overlap and
completely cover them to prevent the action of the fire from injuring
the joints and causing leakage. At the back or further end of the
casting which I will call No. 1 are fixed the return pipes, and in the
front of what I will call casting No. 2, the discharge pipe. The ash-pit
is formed by the brickwork supporting the first or basement casting, and
is to be enclosed by a door hung on a solid cast-iron frame built into
the brickwork. Upon the basement castings are placed four other
separate hollow castings. Two of these (which for the sake of dis-
tinguishing them I will call numbers 3 and 4) form the sides of the
furnace; they should be fluted and placed parallel with the hollow fire-
bars, and should be of such a length as to allow for the two remaining
castings (Nos. 5 and 6) which form the back and front respectively of
the apparatus to be flush with the end of the basement castings. The
back or what I will call No. 5 casting should be of such height as
nearly to cover casting No. 8 and be of the same width as the apparatus
and should be connected at the bottom on each side by pipes with
casting No. 1, and at the top on each side with casting No. 8, herein-
after described. Two sockets should be cast upon the back of this
casting for the purpose of extending the height of the back as required.
The front or casting No. 6 should be of such height as to cover the

page_text: whole of the end of the furnace and should be of the same width as
the apparatus, and should have an opening left in the front for feeding
the fire and should be connected at the bottom by two pipes with
casting No. 2, and at the top in cach side with casting No. 7. The
front should be built up with brickwork with sliding doors built in for
the furnace and to allow the flues to be properly cleaned out. This front
or. No. 6 casting is connected at the bottom by pipes with casting No. 2
and at the top on each side with casting No. 7, next described. Upon
the top of castings Nos. 3 and 4 should be placed a seventh further and
separate hollow fluted casting forming the top of the furnace having
a space left at the back opening upwards to allow a free passage for
the hot air and smoke to pass out of the furnace under a separate and
hollow casting No. 8, which when fixed forms a flue communicating with
a flue formed by a similar casting No. 9 which is placed immediately
above. Upon the top of the ninth casting is placed a tenth separate
hollow casting, which forms when fixed a similar flue and acts as the top
of the apparatus. A rectangular opening should be made at the top
communicating with the flue for the passage of the smoke and hot air
into the chimney, near this opening the flow pipe is to be placed. The
whole to be bricked over and the boiler to bo coated with cow hair, &c.,
and sand and cased in with wood.
The circulation of the hot water from and into the separate and hollow
castings (Nos. 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10) is effected by means of four
sets of pipes affixed externally to the castings, two sets being placed
on either side of the apparatus. The boiler will have a damper to
regulate the draught. The flames or hot air from the fire placed on
the hollow bars will pass between castings Nos. 3 and 4, until they
arrive at the opening described as being left at the back of casting No. 7
where they will then pass upwards towards the front through the
flue formed by casting No. 8; they will then return towards the back
through the flue formed by casting No. 9, and will then pass into the
top flue formed by casting No. 10, and from thence pass into the
chimney, the hot air will thus pass four times through the internal
length of the apparatus before escaping through the chimney.
In order that the mode in which my Invention is carried into effect
may be fully understood I will now describe the same more in detail,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Fig. 1 represents the side view of the boiler constructed according
to my Invention; Fig. 2 is a half back and half front view of the
same; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section drawn through the hollow fire-
bars, and through the centre of the smoke flues; Fig. 4 is a transverse
section.
The part marked A on Drawing is a hollow casting forming when
fixed the front of the rectangular base, and extending the whole width
of the apparatus. B, B', B, is a hollow casting forming the other three
sides of the same. Upon A and B' respectively should be cast seven
sockets (more or less, according to size of boiler) set back as shewn for
the reception of the hollow fire-bars "a" the interior of which should
communicate with the interior of A and B', so as to allow a free passage
for the hot water. The object in having the front A a separate casting
is to allow of the hollow fire-bars being fitted into the sockets, on the
outside of casting B' should be two sockets for the reception of the pipes
for the return of the hot water. The inside of the castings are connected
one with the other by means of pipes to allow of the free circulation
of the hot water into each of them. Upon the top of the basement
casting and in the sides (B, B³) are placed respectively two hollow
castings O, C¹, forming the sides of the furnace and parallel to the
hollow fire-bars, but somewhat shorter than the sides B, B³, to allow
of the back casting being fixed flush with the end of the basement
casting. Upon the top of the castings C, C', and of the same length is
placed the hollow casting D, which forms the top of the furnace. At
the back of this casting should be left an opening for the passage of the
hot air and smoke. Upon the top of casting D are placed, one above
the other, two separate and similar hollow castings E and F, cach
casting forming one flue E having an opening left in the front, and F
at the back for the passage of the hot air and smoke. Above the latter
casting is placed the top of the apparatus G which is a hollow casting
forming one fluc. In this casting is left an opening in the front for
the exit of the hot air and smoke to the chimney, in which is placed the
damper. Near this opening is cast a socket for the reception of the flow
pipe. Each and all of the above-mentioned castings are connected one
with the other by means of pipes, two sets being placed on either side
near cach corner of the apparatus to allow of the proper circulation of
the hot water. Upon the casting A is placed the hollow casting H

page_text: forming the front of the apparatus, the inside of which is connected
by means of two pipes in the front with the inside of the basement
casting A, and at the top, on cach side with casting D. In this casting
is left an opening through which the fire is fed. Upon the basement
casting and on the opposite end marked B' is placed the hollow casting I
forming the back of the apparatus, the inside of which is connected by
means of pipes with the inside of the basement casting on each side,
and at the top on cach side with casting E. At the back of the
apparatus and at the top of casting I should be two sockets to allow of
the extension of the back if required.
By the above arrangement, a larger amount of heating surface is
obtained than by the arrangements heretofore in usc. The hot air and
smoke from the fuel on the hollow fire-bars will pass in the direction
indicated by the arrows out of the furnace and through the opening
left at the back of casting D; the hot air and smoke will then pass
along the flue formed by casting E and through the opening left in
the front of that casting through the flue formed by casting F, and
then passing out at the back of this casting will pass into the fluc
formed by casting G and from thence to the chimney. The water to
be heated may be fed in at any convenient part of the apparatus and
circulating through all the castings it escapes when heated at the top
of casting G through the pipe there fixed and will return to the boiler
through the two pipes communicating with casting B¹.
It will be now understood that according to my Invention the boiler
is constructed of separate castings which can be arranged and used
altogether as above described, or if preferred my improved principle of
construction will allow of some of the castings being dispensed with.
Thus the boiler above described could be used either with or without
castings numbered 8 and 9. The casting No. 10 in that case should be
placed on No. 7. Again any convenient number of castings similar
to Nos. 8 and 9 may, if required, be added, so as to provide for the
requirements of the building or premises desired to be heated.
Having now described my Invention and the manner in which it is
to be performed,―
I claim the combination of parts forming the improved boiler, con-
structed and arranged substantially as herein described and shewn in
the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: I also claim the improved method of constructing boilers of separate
castings which may be conuccted together or dispensed with to meet
various requirements, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Heury Cannell, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Sixteenth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
onc.