CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF METALS OR METALLIC ALLOYS AND IN THE PROCESS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hollway, of the Firm of Hollway Brothers, of
Jeffrey's Square, in the City of London, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF METALS OR METALLIC ALLOYS AND
IN THE PROCESS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Scaled the 23rd September 1876, and dated tho 5th April 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hollway at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1876.
JOHN HOLLWAY, of the Firm of Hollway Brothers, of Jeffrey's Square, in the
City of London. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF METALS OR
METALLIC ALLOYS AND IN THE PROCESS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
The primary object of this Invention is the production of a compound coke,
which when smelted shall yield a kind of spiegel eisen or ferro-manganese; and,
secondly, the production of a compound coke out of various kinds of ores amalga-
mated with carboniferous and other substances, the whole of which when coked
will produce a compound suitable for smelting in the blast furnace or by other
means of reduction, the action of which will produce a metallic pig from the con-
stituents of the material coked.
The Invention may be thus described:-For example, when producing a com-
pound coke containing in itself the chemical ingredients necessary for the pro-
duction of spiegel eisen and ferro-manganese I first take small or powdered
manganiferous ore or mix therewith, if necessary, an additional quantity of
manganese ore, plus carbonate of lime, or other substances which will assist fusion
of the same with coal and bitumen if preferred, and when coked therewith. The
ingredients thus amalgamated will produce a coke which, when smelted, will yield
a fero-manganese or spiegel eisen. By this novel process the constituents before
mentioned can be arranged and mixed for coking in quantities exactly according
to the per-centages necessary for the manufacture of a desired quality of ferro-
manganese or spiegel eisen, and with the ingredients forming a suitable flux.
I would remark in conclusion that I am cognizant of the fact that metals
heretofore have been extracted from titaniferous iron, sand, or minerals containing

page_text: inetals, together with the preparation of such titaniferous iron sands; but
inasmuch as the Invention herein set forth relates to the production of specific
qualities of metals or alloys thereof not previously provided for, although in their
manufacture certain portions of well-known processes are resorted to, I claim as
new, and as of my Invention, mixing the iron and other ores and producing by
coking a compound therefrom, which, when subsequently smelted or reduced by
the application of heat, will produce a metallic "pig" from the constituents of the
material coked in the manner as herein substantially described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Hollway in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th October
1876.
JOHN HOLLWAY, of the Firm of Hollway Brothers, of Jeffrey's Square, in the City
of London. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF METALS OR
METALLIC ALLOYS AND IN THE PROCESS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
The object of this Invention is the production, as herein-after described, of a
compound coke, which when smelted will yield, as herein-after described, spiegel
eisen or ferro-manganese.
In order that the Invention may be well understood and explained in detail,
together with the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, it may be
described as follows:-
When producing the compound coke containing in itself the ingredients
necessary for the production of spiegel eisen or ferro - manganese, I take first
sinal or powdered ferro-manganiferous ore, iron ore, and other manganiferous or
ferreous substances, or any thereof, and mix therewith if necessary an additional
quantity of manganese ore, plus carbonate of lime (or other substances which will
assist fusion of the same) with coal and bitumen if preferred; and when coked the
ingredients thus amalgamated will produce a coke, which when smelted will yield
a ferro-manganese or spiegel eisen.
I will more particularly describe as an example the whole process of producing
such coke by arranging and mixing the quantities of ores or substances containing
manganese or iron, or both, according to the per-centages necessary for the manu-
facture of a desired quality of ferro-manganese or spiegel eisen, adding thereto
ingredients which will form a suitable flux. For example, in the production of a
coke intended to contain about eight per-cent of metallic iron and ten per-cent of
metallic manganese combined with oxygen take about twenty tons of manganesc
ore containing a high per-centage of metallic manganese and a low per-centage of
metallic iron with twenty tons of another ore containing a high per-centage of
metallic iron with a smaller per-centage of metallic manganese (such as the ores
herein-after described in the following analyses); to these quantities of ores add
about sixty-five tons of coal, fifteen tons of pitch, and three tons of burnt lime and
clay. These ingredients are pulverized or disintegrated, and the whole well
mixed together. This mixture is then passed into ordinary coke ovens and coked
in the usual manner; when this operation is completed a coke is produced con-
taining about sixty-four per-cent of carbon, eight per-cent of metallic iron, and ten
per-cent of metallic inanganese, these metals being in combination with oxygen.
This combined metallic coke is then suitable for reduction in the ordinary blast
furnace, or by other well-known reducing processes, either alone or added to a
charge of natural ore, with or without addition of ordinary coke; and it is found
that iron and manganese thus intimately allied with one another, and, with the
carbon, are capable of reduction without more than ordinary loss of manganese in
the slag when working natural ferro-manganiferous ores, notwithstanding the fact

page_text: that hitherto it has been found practically impossible satisfactorily to reduco
manganese ores in the blast furnace, whether introducod therein in a powdered
form or in their natural state."
In the above-mentioned example I have set forth certain proportions of ingre-
dients suitable for producing a specific quality of coke, and would remark that theso
proportions and the ingredients can be modified and so arranged and mixed for coking
according to the per-centages necessary for the manufacture of any desired quality
of ferromanganese or spiegel eisen, and with or without the ingredients necessary for
forining a suitable flux, as may be found most advantageous, that is, the flux may
be contained in the coke itself, as is described in the herein-before detailed example,
or it may be subsequently put into the furnace when charging the same.
As the pitch or other bituminous matter is added principally for the purpose of
making the coke sound, the quantity used must depend on the bituminous quality
of the coal or other carboniferous material used, and it might be found in certain
cases unnecessary to employ this additional bituminous material.
It will be understood that the reason I have not more definitely described the
quantities of the various ingredients proposed to be mixed in the production of
compound metallic coke is owing to the fact that the ingredients proposed to be
treated vary so much in their components; for example, substances containing
metals, the fluxes, and even ores from the same mine are found to differ considerably
in their analyses, and the same remark also applies to coal; therefore the pro-
portions of such ingredients must be regulated by their analyses or bituminous
qualities.
The object secured by coking as described is that the metallic and carboniferous
substances, and the fluxes when employed, may be intimately mixed, and yet be in
a fit and convenient form for smelting by the ordinary methods. By the process of
coking in bulk this end is simply and conveniently attained, and by the close union
of the carbon with the particles to be reduced and melted a facile process of
reduction, fusion, and analganation in the blast furnace is rendered possible.
As the reduction as well as the fusion of the metals are thus both effected in the
furnace, and are not separate processes, and any incidental reduction that occurs
when coking in no way interferes with the subsequent reduction and melting in the
blast furnace, the process is simple and direct, and consequently economical.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into practical effect, I would wish it to be distinctly understood
that I do not claim reducing to powder and mixing together iron ores, manganese,
or other metals, coal, or other carbonaceous matters, and lime, clay, or other fluxes,
as such ingredients or mixtures, or portions of them, have heretofore been utilized
by a peculiar treatment, and titanic iron sand has been coked to obviate the mecha-
nical difficulty of working sand or powdered material in the furnace; also, that
ferro-manganese has been produced by grinding and mixing the above-mentioned
materials, forming them into balls, drying them, and then reducing them into a

page_text: S
metallic state in a closed kiln or retort, such balls when so reduced being melted in
a reverberatory furnace or cupola. In contradistinction to this I coke the materials
in bulk, and without the necessity of forming same into balls. The metallic coke
so produced can be charged into the blast furnace (without any intermediate process),
where it is both reduced and melted in the ordinary way, and I am thereby enabled
to produce spiegel eisen or ferro-manganese containing larger per-centages of man-
ganese than can be produced by the reduction of natural manganiferous ores by
'similar means of reduction; and the compound metallic coke is capable, when
smelted with iron ore, of producing spiegel eisen or ferro-manganese; or, with man-
ganiferous ores, of increasing the proportion of manganese in the spiegel eisen or
ferro-manganese produced from such ores. I therefore claim as new and "as of my
Invention, the manufacture of spiegel eisen or ferro-inanganese by smelting or other-
wise reducing the compound metallic coke formed by mixing ferro-manganiferous
manganese and iron ores, and other manganiferous or ferreous substances, or any
thereof, with coal or other.carbonaceous materials, and the fluxes and bitumen that
may be considered advisable, and coking the mixture in the ordinary manner, as
herein-before substantially set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hollway, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Thirtieth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six.
THOMAS WRIGLEY,
220, High Holborn,
London,
W.C.
JOHN HOLLWAY (L.S.)