and Applying same.
Year: 1886

page_text: and Applying same.
I, EDMUND FREDERICK WAILES of 13 Tankerville Terrace in the City and
County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Naval Architect, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows :-
My invention relates to covering the wood, iron or steel decks of ships or
similar craft, for their protection from wear and tear and preservation from decay,
with asphalt or bitumen or substances or compositions in which they form the
chief ingredient and further to the modes of preparing and applying such
coverings.
The covering consists essentially of asphalt or bitumen (natural or manu-
factured) or of asphaltic or bituminous substances or compositions-in which
asphalt or bitumen forms the chief ingredient-treated by two different processes
which I call the dry and the liquid process respectively.
•
According to the dry process which I consider will be generally adopted-save
in special cases-the asphalt er bitumen or compound of asphaltic or bituminous
substances is, or are, ground to a powder and roasted in a furnace and the deck
having been perfectly cleaned and dry and any holes or defective places filled or
made up level the powder is spread while hot over the surface to the required
thickness and consolidated by applying heavy weights by a roller or otherwise.
The surface may be then made smooth by applying to it heated irons-flat or as
rollers-and if necessary, to give a firm footing, it may afterwards be sprinkled
with sand, powdered granite or any gritty substance.
By the liquid process the asphalt or bitumen or asphaltic or bituminous
substances or compositions is, or are, melted in a furnace boiler mixed with
such mediums as oil, coal tar or pitch, or any of them, in such proportions as to
give it the consistency required for the conditions under which it is to be
used especially having regard to the changes of temperature to which it is to
be exposed.
Being thoroughly melted and mixed the composition is run on to the surface
of the deck in its heated state, the deck having been prepared and cleaned as

page_text: previously named, and when set, or nearly so, by cooling the surface of the com-
position may if required-be consolidated and made fair and smooth by applying
a roller or may be treated by sprinkling sand, powdered granite or other gritty
substance upon it.
In order to prevent cracking by the working of the structure of ship the
covering will be preferably applied in sections, with transverse spaces or channels
between, which channels will receive and carry off water from surface into the
scuppers" and thus also the expansion and contraction caused by changes of
temperature will be provided for, the same or equivalent means being adopted at
longitudinal joints of sections when required.
<<
The texture as to hardness of the covering will be regulated by the proportions
of the mediums oil, coal tar and pitch, or any of them, with which it is treated
according to the requirements of each case-especially as to climates to which it is
likely to be exposed.

page_text: An Asphaltic Protective and Preservative Covering for the
Decks of Ships and similar Craft and Methods of Treating
and Applying same.
I, EDMUND FREDERICK WAILES, of 13 Tankerville Terrace in the City and
County of Newcastle upon Tyne, Naval Architect, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be parti-
cularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to covering the wood, iron or steel decks, and the decks or
roofs of houses or other erections thereon, of ships or similar craft for their
effectual protection from wear and tear and preservation from decay, with asphalt
or bitumen or substances or compositions in which they form the chief ingredient
and further to the modes of preparing and applying such coverings.
The covering consists essentially of asphalt or bitumen (natural or manu-
factured) or of asphaltic or bituminous substances or compositions, in which
asphalt or bitumen forms the chief ingredient-treated by two different processes
which I call the dry and the liquid process respectively.
According to the dry process the asphalt or bitumen or compound of asphaltic
or by bituminuous substances is, or are, ground to a powder and roasted in a
furnace, and the deck having been perfectly cleaned and dry and holes or defective
places filled or made up level, the powder is spread while hot over the surface to
the required thickness and consolidated by applying heavy weights by a roller or
otherwise. The surface may be then made smooth by applying to it heated irons-
flat or as rollers-and if necessary, to give a firm footing, it may afterwards be
sprinkled with sand, powdered granite or any gritty substance; or sand, powdered
granite shells or other gritty material may be introduced into the composition itself.
By the liquid process the asphalt or bitumen or asphaltic or bituminous
substances or compositions is, or are, melted in a furnace boiler mixed with such
mediums as oil, coal tar, or pitch, or any of them, in such proportions as to give it
the consistency required for the conditions under which it is to be used especially
having regard to the changes of temperature to which it is to be exposed.
Being thoroughly melted and mixed the composition is run on to the surface of
the deck in its heated state, the deck having been prepared and cleaned as
previously named, and when set, or nearly so, by cooling, the surface of the com-
position may, if required, be consolidated and made fair and smooth by applying a
roller or may be treated by sprinkling sand, powdered granite or other gritty
substance upon it, or such gritty material may be introduced into the composition
as before named.
In order to prevent cracking by the working of the structure of ship the
covering may be applied in sections, with transverse spaces or channels between,
which channels will receive and carry off water from the surface into the
scuppers" and thus also the expansion and contraction caused by changes
of temperature may be provided for, the same or equivalent means being adopted
<

page_text: at longitudinal joints of sections when required; or canvass or other thin materials
can be introduced between the covering and the deck instead of or in conjunction
with, the sectional system.
The texture as to hardness or plasticity of the covering will be regulated by the
proportions of the mediums oil, coal tar and pitch, or any of them, with which it is
treated according to the requirements of each case especially as to the climates to
which it is likely to be exposed the condition of deck and its position, the
variable strengths of ships and their classification.
As an illustration for temperate climates and a well constructed ship with a good
deck and classed 100 A. 1 Lloyds, the covering by the liquid process would be
approximately composed as follows: 47 % of suitable asphalt, 45 % of grit or
sand, granite sawdust chalk, lime, portland cement or some of them, 8 % of
bitumen or pitch, coal oil or tar or some of them and according to the dry process
the covering may be all powdered asphalt or if gritty material being introduced
it would not exceed 15% to 25%.
Before the application of the covering of either the dry or liquid process the
deck is first to be thoroughly dried cleaned and overhauled and may be secondly
coated with oil, spirit or varnish according to the requirements of each case for its
proper reception.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I desire it to be
understood that I am aware that various asphaltic compositions are in common
use on land for roadways and footpaths, covering of buildings, et cetera also that
such compositions have been applied to the bilges of ships in preference to
cements but what I claim as my invention is:
For the effectual protection from wear and tear and preservation from decay of
the decks of ships or similar craft-and of the decks or roofs of houses or other
erections upon such decks-the use of asphaltic composition, of requisite texture,
as a covering treated and applied substantially as described.
Witness:
I. J. DANSON, F. Inst. P.A.,
2, St. Nicholas' Buildings,
Newcastle upon Tyne.
EDMUND FREDERICK WAILES.