CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING OLEAGINOUS MATTER FROM VEGETABLE, ANIMAL, OR MINERAL SUBSTANCES. IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIAL FOR DISTILLATION, AND THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH, SUGAR, AND FERTILIZING AGENTS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamim Joseph Barnard Mills, of 35, South-
ampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for
the Invention of "CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES
AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING OLEAGINOUS MATTER FROM VEGETABLE,
ANIMAL, OR MINERAL SUBSTANCES. IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIAL FOR
DISTILLATION, AND THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH, SUGAR, AND FERTILIZING
AGENTS, A communication from abroad by Thomas Sim and Elias
Smith Hutchinson, both of the City of Baltimore, and State of
Maryland, in the United States of America.
-
Sealed the 7th September 1869, and dated the 27th March 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Joseph
Barnard Mills at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 27th March, 1869.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of 35, Southampton Buildings,
n the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN
[Price 8d 1

page_text: PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING OLEAGINOUS MATTER FROM VEGETABLE.
ANIMAL, OR MINERAL SUBSTANCES, IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIAL FOR DIS-
TILLATION, AND THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH, SUGAR, AND FERTILIZING AGENTS."
a communication to me from abroad by Thomas Sim and Elias Smith
Hutchinson, both of the City of Baltimore, and State of Maryland,
in the United States of America, as follows:-
As the different results related above all depend upon the extraction
of the oleaginous matter from the substance from which it is desired
to manufacture material for fertilizers, starch, or sugar, or which
it is desired to prepare for distillation, I will proceed to explain the
process and apparatus by means of which this desirable result is
accomplished.
In carrying out this Invention an apparatus is employed consisting of
a reservoir containing liquid bi-sulphide of carbon or other chemical
agent, and a pipe to conduct the bi-sulphide to the lower part of a vat,
which may contain five tons (more or less) of vegetable, animal, or
mineral matter from which oil nay extracted. The bi-sulphide rising
within the vat and permeating the mass of material therein completely
carries away the oil, which mingling with the bi-sulphide flows over
through another pipe near the top of the vat into a tank, from whence
the combined liquid is carried by atmospheric pressure through a pipe
leading from the bottom of the tank into the top of a separating chamber.
from which the air is partially exhausted through a pipe by means of an
air pump.
The gaseous bi-sulphide which is drawn by exhaustion from
the separating chamber is driven through a condensing worm, from
which it runs in liquid form to the reservoir for future use. An inverted
syphon is interposed between the air pump and condenser to receive
any of the bi-sulphide which may condense before reaching the worin ;
the said syphon forms a trap to prevent any of the gas reaching
the reservoir without passing through the condenser. A weighted
valve is applied to the discharge orifice of the pipe that carries the
liquid into the separating chamber, in order that a partial vacuum
may be maintained within the chamber. The combined oil and
bi-sulphide entering the separating chamber flows over the surfaces of a
connected series of warm water chambers, between which are interposed
annular pans, so that the liquid dropping from each of the chambers is
caught by the pan below, and by its shape conducted to the centre,

page_text: where it falls upon the surface of the water chamber below to again
flow on the outside, as before. The object of this arrangement is to
expose to the atmosphere the largest possible surface of the liquid. To
prevent the liquid from cooling under evaporation warm water is
circulated through the chambers, over which it flows by means of
suitable pipes. At a temperature of 40°, or slightly more, the bi-sulphide
will be vaporized and exhausted very freely under the action of the air
pump, and completely separated from the oil without the discoloration
and injury which are caused to the oil by the customary process of
separating bi-sulphide from it by distillation. The oil from which the
bi-sulphide has been separated is conducted by a pipe into a suitable
well. from which it may be drawn for use.
In the manufacture of starch and sugar one great difficulty has
always been encountered from the fact that much waste of material has
existed on account of manufacturers not removing the oils, which during
the process of manufacture shield the starch globules and protect them
from breaking, thus preventing thorough fermentation or saving.
By this improved plan all the various holes are removed from the
grain or other material by the action of bi-sulphide of carbon or other
chemical agent, as herein-before described, and the starch globules thus
left unprotected and fully available for use.
In the manufacture of starch the starch is washed out of the residuum
of grain or other matter left after the extraction of the oils by means of
cold water in the usual manner. Malt is known to contain about one
per cent. of pure diastase, which has the property of converting starch
into sugar.
It has been found by experiment, that by the addition of a suitable
quantity of malt. 87 pounds of grape sugar may be produced from 100
pounds of starch. Therefore for the manufacture of sugar the Inventors
proceed as follows:-From the residuum left after the extraction of the
oils from grain or other matter the starch is dissolved out by means of ho
water, and when at a temperature of about 157 Fahrenheit, malt is added,
which has also been dissolved in water in proportion of from 10 to 25
parts of malt to each 100 parts of starch, and the whole is allowed to
stand at a temperature of from about 158 to 168 Fahrenheit; one halt
hour standing under the above degree of heat makes dextrine, and one

page_text: and one half hours the same process makes syrup both of exceedingly
fine quantity.
In preparing grain for distillation, the Invention consists in removing
the oils from the grain or other material previous to mashing by means
of bi-sulphide of carbon or other chemical agent and the process herein-
before described. The removal of these oils, as has heretofore been said,
leaves the starch globules, so that they may be easily broken, and the
whole of the starch liberated and subjected to fermentation. The process
leaves the meal in a dry powder entirely free from the chemical and oil,
and ready for mashing. By this process all the starch contained in the
grain or other matter is utilized instead of from one-half to two-thirds
thereof as under the present system of distilling, and as by this process
spirits are produced perfectly free from impurities and essential oils
the expense of rectification is avoided, and a better result obtained
than is possible even with rectification. under the customary plan. Pure
alcohol is thus produced by single direct distillation, and the spirit being
free from any peculiar flavor can be subsequently flavoured in any
desired way.
In the preparation of material for fertilizers, fish, animal, or other
vegetable matter, or any other analagons substance capable of being
made a fertilizer, is subjected, either with or without crushing, to the
action of bi-sulphide of carbon or other suitable chemical agent, in the
manner heretofore described. The effect of this process is to extract all
the oleaginous matter, which in its natural state confines and tends to
counteract ammonia or other fertilizing agents, and by such treatment
leaving the material in the most favorable condition for the manu-
facture of fertilizers. The oleaginous matter is removed from the vat in
which the separation is accomplished by means of and in connection
with the bi-sulphide of carbon or other chemical agent employed in the
manner and by the apparatus heretofore described. The material thus
prepared contains a large amount of phosphoric acid, and its ammonia is
in the best condition to be made available and completely utilized for
the purpose of fertilizing. A valuable preparation is thus provided to
mix with other phosphates in any suitable proportion. The material
constitutes practically a source of ammonia entirely new in the arts.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 27th September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of 35, Southampton Buildings, in the County
of Middlesex, Parent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS IIer inost Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of fer reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills, Her
special licence that 1. the said Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Benjanin Joseph Barnard Mills. my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROCESSES, AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING OLEAGINOUS MATTER FROM VEGETABLE,
ANIMAL, OR MINERAL SUBSTANCES. IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIAL POR DISTIL
LATION, AND THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH. SUGAR, AND FERTILIZING AGENTS."
a communication to me from abroad by Thomas Sim and Elias Smith
Hutchinson, both of the City of Baltimore, and State of Maryland, in
the United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The first part of the Invention relates to an improved process and

page_text: apparatus for separating oleaginous matter from meal or other material
containing oil by the agency of bi-sulphide of carbon or other suitable
chemical with little expenditure of time or labor.
The apparatus in its most approved form consists of a high vat to
contain the meal or other material, through which the bi-sulphide of
carbon is caused to ascend, carrying the oil with it, a receiver located
beneath or below the said vat communicating with the latter in such a
manner that the matter divested of its oil may be readily and instan-
taneously discharged to leave the vat ready for a new charge, and
appliances to assist the vaporization and complete removal of any
bi-sulphide of carbon remaining in the meal after the latter has been
divested of oil. This apparatus is also provided with suitable appliances
to facilitate the overflow from the vat of the bi-sulphide and oil, observing
the condition or character of the liquid leaving the vat. and preventing
the overflow of solid matter at the upper part. The bi-sulphide of carbon
or other chemical agent is separated by vaporization from the oil, and
also from the meal or other material which has been divested of oil. To
facilitate this separation an air pump is employed to carry off the vapor
as fast as it is formed and deliver it to a condenser, from whence the
liquid bi-sulphide is returned to its original reservoir to be used again.
Any bi-sulphide of carbon which may condense spontaneously in the
pipes is conveyed directly to the reservoir through an inverted syphon.
which forms a trap to prevent any of the vapor escaping the condenser.
The combined bi-sulphide of carbon and oil in process of separation by
the vaporization of the former may be caused to flow over a series of
pans and warm water chambers, which aid in exposing a large surface of
the liquid, and also prevent any such reduction of temperature as might
retard vaporization.
The second part of the Invention relates to the preparation of material
for distillation, and consists in removing oils from the grain or other
material previous io mashing. The removal of these oils exposes the
starch globules, so that they may all be broken, and the whole of the
starch liberated and subjected to fermentation.
This part of the Invention may be carried out in the following
manner The meal is placed in a suitable vat and subjected to the
action of the liquid bi-sulphide of carbon or other suitable chemical,
which rising in the mass of meal carries the oil with it, and the oil and
bi-sulphide are allowed to flow over together through a suitable pipe or

page_text: pipes until the absence of oil in the bi-sulphide indicates that the oil is
all removed from the meal. As much of the bi-sulphide as will flow
away may then be drawn off at the bottom of the vat, and the remainder
may be completely evaporated by exhaustion or heat, or both, or simply
by atmospheric exposure. In either case the meal is left in a dry
powder entirely free from the chemical and ready for mashing. By this
process the whole of the starch contained in the grain or other matter is
utilized, instead of from one-half to two-thirds thereof as under the
present system of distilling; and as the spirit produced is perfectly free
from impurities and essential oils the expense of rectification is avoided,
and a better result obtained than is possible even with rectification under
the customary plan. Pure alcohol may thus be produced by a single
direct distillation, and the spirit being free from any peculiar flavor can
be subsequently flavored in any way desired.
The third part of the Invention relates to improvements in the
manufacture of starch, dextrine, glucose, and analogous articles, and
consists in so treating meal or other material from which starch is to he
obtained that the oil or other protecting agent insoluble in water will be
removed: permitting the whole of the starch to be afterwards washed out
and made available. The meal or other material is placed in a vat and
treated with bi-sulphide of carbon, or analagous chemical agent, in the
manner described with reference to the first part of this Invention, or by
any other means which will produce the desired result. The meal or
other material treated in this manner is left in the best possible condition
for the manufacture of starch, which may be washed out from it by the
ordinary process, and subsequently treated in the customary manner.
To produce
grape sugar" or syrup the sturch may be first dissolved
out of the meal, and separated from the insoluble matter thereof with
hot water. From fifteen to twenty-five parts of barley inalt for each one
hundred parts of starch contained in the first solution are then inacerated
in water at a temperature of about 160° Fahrenheit, and the whole
intimately mixed together, taking care that the temperature of the mixed
solution is maintained at from 158° to 168° Fahrenheit until the desired
result is obtained, which will be in about two hours to two hours and a
half. The syrup thus formed may then be evaporated or concentrated in
the usual manner. If the "dextrine" or " gum " is desired instead of
the sugar" it will be necessary to cool the solution at the end of half
an hour, or before the grape sugar has formed by the action of the
"

page_text: diastase contained in the malt upon the starch. By the process described
not only may all the starch contained in the crude material be obtained,
but it may be utilized for the purpose of obtaining all the sugar and
other products that can properly be produced from said material. It is
intended to apply the Invention to the manufacture of starch and all the
products of starch from grain, potatoes, or any other material from which
starch can be obtained.
The fourth part of the Invention relates to the manufacture of
fertilizers and the preparation of materials therefor, and consists in
divesting of oil by chemical means cotton seed meal or any other
vegetable or suitable animal matter, and employing this residuum (after
the removal of the oil) as a source of ammonia to mix with bone or other
phosphate of lime, the compound thus produced constituting a fertilizing
agent of great value and comparatively small cost.
The separation of the oil and the recovery of the chemical employed
for this purpose may be performed by the apparatus and process herein-
after described and referred to as the first part of the Invention. The
oil obtained pays many times over the cost of the process; and the meal,
when thus perfectly divested of oil, is in a much better condition for the
manufacture of fertilizers than in its natural state. The residuum is
afterwards mixed with phosphate of lime in any convenient or available
form, such, for example, as bone dust, or with any of the natural guanos
or other suitable fertilizers. The residuum of cotton seed or other
material divested of oil by chemical means constitutes practically a new
source of ammonia for mixing with phosphates, and forms in admixture
therewith a new compound of great value as a fertilizer.
The Invention is not confined to cotton seed as a source of ammonia,
but any seed, root, or other material possessing similar properties, and
being sufficiently cheap and abundant, may be substituted therefor, and
used in the same manner.
And in order that the said Invention may be more clearly understood
and readily carried into effect, I will proceed, aided by the accompanying
Drawings, more fully to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a vertical section of the preferred form of apparatus

page_text: subsequently evaporating from said meal the chemical employed to
dissolve out the oil; Figure 2 represents a vertical section of the same in
a plane at right angles to that shewn in Figure 1.
Figure 3 represents a vertical section on a larger scale of a device
employed for closing the openings in the vat and receiver through which
the meal is discharged from one into the other.
Figure 4 represents a vertical section on a larger scale of a device
employed for holding down the perforated diaphragm which confines the
ineal within the vat, as herein-after described.
Figure 5 is a plan illustrating the construction of the perforated
diaphragm.
Figure 6 represents on an enlarged scale a vertical section, in the same
plane as Figure 2, of a portion of the apparatus illustrating a modified
and improved mode of constructing and operating the combined sliding
doors of the vat and receiver.
Figure 7 represents a vertical section (at a, a, Figure 8) of a more
simple but less complete form of the oil separating apparatus, shewing
also devices which may be employed for vaporizing and condensing the
bi-sulphide; Figure 8 shews an elevation of the same (at y, y, Figure 7).
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several
views.
To fill the vat A its top B and the false top or perforated diaphragm C
are both removed, meal or other material may then be introduced, after
Spring
which the diaphragm C is replaced and the cover B set on.
pins D set into the cover B and resting on the diaphragm C with a
The manner of securing
yielding pressure serve to retain it in place.
these pins is more clearly shewn in Figure 4. E represents a shell
which screws into the cover B; F, a spring bearing down upon a collar d
The pins thus
on the pin D and up against the cape of the shell E.
bear uniformly on the various parts of the diaphragm while the cover B
is firmly seated on top of the vat. The vat being thus filled and
prepared liquid bi-sulphide of carbon or other equivalent chemical is
conducted from an elevated reservoir (not shewn) through a pipe G, and
by opening a cock g is caused to flow into an annular chamber H which
surrounds the lower extremity of the vat and communicates with the
interior thereof through a number of apertures h, h, h, so that the
bi-sulphide will be introduced uniformly around the lower extremity of

page_text: the vat, and rising within the same will completely permeate the body
of meal or other matter so as to remove all the oil, which mingling with
the bi-sulphide rises through the perforated diaphragm C, overflows into
a receiving chamber I within the upper part of the vat, and from the
lowest part of this chamber or trough passes through a transparent
gauge pipe J into a conducting pipe K, by which the mingled oil and
bi-sulphide are discharged into a tank L., which is provided with an
agitator M of any suitable construction; that here shewn is intended
to receive an oscillating motion by any suitable mechanical means.
This agitation of the combined liquid causes the rapid vaporization of
the bi-sulphide at ordinary temperatures, and as fast as the vapour is
formed within the tank L it is pumped out through a pipe N and forced
through a condenser, from whence the chemical is conducted in liquid
form
into the elevated reservoir to be used again in the way already
described. As soon as the liquid running through the transparent gauge
pipe J is found to be bi-sulphide of carbon free from oil, indicating that
the oil has all been removed from the matter within the vat, the cock g
is temporarily closed to stop the flow of the bi-sulphide. The wheel () to
which the screw P is attached is then partially rotated by the hand
of the operator applied to the lever Q so as to draw down the bottom R
of the vat, and at the same time raise or relieve from pressure the
sliding cover S, so that the vat bottom R and the cover S of the receiver T
may be drawn out together from between the vat and receiver by means
of the pinion a gearing with a rack u on a bar or frame U connected to
a slide which runs on ways s' and supports said vat bottom and receiver
cover through the medium of the right and left screw P, as shown in
Figure 6. The matter within the vat will then descend into the
receiver T, and the gate R, S, being replaced the vat will be ready for
a fresh charge. R¹ represents a flap or door to close the vertical space
between the vat and receiver when the bottom R and cover S are drawn
out.
In the modification shown in Figures 1 and 3 the sliding frame U is
supported by wheels running on a track V, which is so declined that
as the frame is run out the support of the inner end thereof acting as a
fulcrum will, as the outer end is pressed down, cause the vat bottom R
to be pressed upward against the lower edge of the vat sufficiently to
scrape the said bottom and prevent the escape of meal. Within the
receiver T are one or more agitators W which operate to stir the meal

page_text: so that all its parts may be exposed successively in order to facilitate
the vaporization of the bi-sulphide liquid remaining in the meal. The
vapor as fast as formed is pumped out through the pipe N, which may
cominunicate with the same pump as the pipe N of the oil tank L, or
with a separate pump.
If one pump be used for both pipes they may
of course be furnished with suitable valves, so that either may be closed
at will and the whole force of the pump exerted through the other one.
The present illustration shows two agitators W, W, furnished with
spiral wings w and inclined in opposite directions, the receiver being
forined in two troughs fitting or corresponding with the agitators W, W,
and similarly inclined. The agitators may be continuously rotated by
an endless screw X gearing with a worm wheel w' on each agitator shaft.
By this arrangement the agitators may be made to move the meal
continuously around the receiver, that is to say, carrying it toward the
upper end of each trough, and as it reaches the upper end it will be
forwarded through an aperture in the partition between them and
falling into the lower end of the other
again drawn up by the agitator therein.
bi-sulphide has all been evaporated from the
only is shown in the Drawings) may be opened, and the continued
rotation of the agitators will cause the meal to be discharged through
the spouts Y.
trough will be caught and
When by this operation the
meal gates y (one of which
Instead of the above-described horizontal arrangement of the
receiver T a vertical cylinder of large diameter may be employed
with one, two, or more vats A arranged above and within its
periphery.
By the above-described apparatus the separation of oil from meal
or other matter may be carried on without the slightest injury to the
material, with great economy and rapidity, and almost continuously by
reason of the two operations of extracting the oil and drying the meal
being carried on at the same time in separate chambers. By the time
one charge has been dried in the chamber or receiver T and removed
therefrom a second charge from which the oil has been extracted may be
ready to introduce into the drying chamber.
The apparatus shown in Figures 7 and 8 consists of a reservoir cou-
taining the bi-sulphide, and provided with a pipe G to conduct it to the
lower part of the vat A, which may contain five tons (more or less) of

page_text: ground grain, cotton seed, or any other material from which the oil is to
be extracted. The bi-sulphide rising within the vat and permeating the
mass of material therein completely carries away the oil, which mingling
with the bi-sulphide flows over through the pipe K into a tank L, from
whence the combined liquid is carried by atmospheric pressure through
a pipe 2 into a separating chamber 3, from which the air is partially
exhausted through a pipe N by an air pump 4. A weighted valve 5 is
applied to the discharge orifice of the pipe 2 in order that a partial
vacuum may be maintained within the chamber 3. The combined oil and
bi-sulphide entering the chamber 3 flows over the surfaces of a connected
series of warm-water chambers 6, between which are interposed annular
pans 7 so that the liquid dropping from the periphery of each of the cham-
bers 6 will be caught by the pan below and by it conducted to the centre,
where it descends on to the surface of the water chamber next below to
again flow to the outside, as before. The object of this arrangement is to
expose to the atmosphere the largest possible surface of the liquid. To
prevent the liquid cooling under evaporation warm water is circulated
through the chambers 6 by pipes 8. At a temperature of 60° Fahrenheit,
more or less, the bi-sulphide will be vaporized and carried off very freely
under the action of the air pump, and completely separated from the
oil without the discolouration and injury which are caused to the oil by
the customary process of separating bi-sulphide from it by distillation.
The oil from which the bi-sulphide has been separated is conducted by
a pipe 9 into a suitable well, from which it may be drawn for use. As
soon as the bi-sulphide comes over into the tank L without oil, indicating
that the oil has all been extracted from the meal or other material
within the vat A, the supply of bi-sulphide is shut off by means of a
cock g. The cock 10 is theu opened and the bi-sulphide allowed to drain
out of the vat A as completely as it will. The cock 11 is then opened,
and by the continued action of the air pump all the bi-sulphide remaining
in the vat is drawn through the pipe 12 in the form of vapor, leaving the
meal within the vat in a perfectly dry state. The gaseous bi-sulphide
which is drawn by the air pump from the separating chamber 3 is driven
through the pipes 14, 15, 16, 17; 16 being a worm of common form sur-
rounded by cold water within a chamber 13 in order to condense the
gas. From the condenser the bi-sulphide is conducted in liquid form
to the reservoir 1 for future use. Any of the bi-sulphide which con-
denses within the pipes by radiation of heat before reaching the
condensing chamber is carried to the reservoir through an inverted

page_text: syphon 18, which forms a trap to prevent any of the gas passing to the
reservoir and escaping the condenser.
The Invention has been described as applied to the use of bi-sulphide
of carbon for separating the oil, but it is evident that various other
chemicals may be used in the same way. Any suitable arrangement
of warm water pipes may be used to maintain the temperature of the
solution of oil and bi-sulphide during their separation.
The Invention is not limited to the details or arrangement of parts
herein laid down, but may be varied in many particulars without
departing from its essential features.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the
mode in which the same is carried into effect, I would have it under-
stood that what I claim is,-
First. The apparatus for separating oil from vegetable and other
matter, substantially as herein set forth.
Second.
The filter or perforated diaphragm C employed at the upper
part of the vat A to retain the solid matter and allow the overflow of
oil and bi-sulphide, as described.
Third. The inclined annular trough I and the spring pins or holders D,
each in combination with the filter C, for the purpose stated.
Fourth. The gate, consisting of the vat bottom R and receiver cover S,
arranged to operate in combination, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
Fifth. The receiver or drying chamber T provided with agitators W
arranged to operate in any suitable manner, substantially set forth.
Sixth. The combination of the slide s, ways s¹, cover S, vat bottom R,
and connecting screw P, substantially as specified.
Seventh. The combined process of extracting oil from vegetable
matter by means of bi-sulphide of carbon or other suitable chemical, and
afterwards separating the chemical from the oil by the aid of a pump or
exhaust, substantially as herein described.
Eighth. The removal from grain or other material of fixed fusel or
empyreumatic oils by a chemical agent as a preliminary to fermentation
and distilling.

page_text: Ninth. As an improved process of producing distilled spirits removing
by a chemical agent the oil from the unfermented grain, and subse-
quently mashing, fermenting, and distilling the same, substantially as
described.
Tenth. As an improvement in the manufacture of starch or any of
the products of starch the employment or use of bi-sulphide of carbon or
any equivalent chemical to separate oil from meal or other material con-
taining starch, in order to release or expose the said starch, substantially
as set forth.
Eleventh. A fertilizer or fertilizing material consisting in part of the
residuum of cotton seed or other suitable matter divested of oil by a
chemical agent.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day
of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-nine.
B. J. B. MILLS. (L.S.)