IMPROVE. MENTS IN MACHINERY OB APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COMBS TO BE USED IN CARDING ENGINES AS DOFFER OR OTHER SUCH COMBS, OR IN WOOL BURRING, COTTON CLEANING, OR OTHER MACHINES USED IN THE TREATMENT OF FIBROUS MATERIALS IN WHICH COMBS OF THE LIKE CHARACTER ARE REQUIRED
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Richardson, of Oldham, in the County
of Lancaster, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN MACHINERY OB APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COMBS
TO BE USED IN CARDING ENGINES AS DOFFER OR OTHER SUCH COMBS, OR IN
WOOL BURRING, COTTON CLEANING, OR OTHER MACHINES USED IN THE
TREATMENT OF FIBROUS MATERIALS IN WHICH COMBS OF THE LIKE CHARACTER
ARE REQUIRED."
Sealed the 4th August 1868, and dated the 8th February 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Richardson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th February 1868.
NILLIAM RICHARDSON, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster,
5 Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF COMBS TO BE USED IN CARDING ENGINES AS DOFFER OR OTHER SUCH
COMBS, OR IN WOOL BURRING, COTTON CLEANING, OR OTHER MACHINES USED
IN THE TREATMENT OF FIBROUS MATERIALS IN WHICH COMBS OF THE LIKE
O CHARACTER ARE REQUIRED," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of combs which are
constructed after the manner of doffer combs used in carding engines
[Price 8d.]

page_text: and other machines used in the manufacture of fibrous materials, that
is to say, to such instruments as consist of blades of metal provided
with serrated edges, and consists in forming such serrations by the action
of a rotatory cutting tool.
In carrying out my Invention I propose to use a rotatory disc, the
periphery of which is chased diagonally to the axis, with cross cuts,
thus constituting a rotatory cutting tool. The blade of metal to be
operated upon is placed upon a travelling surface, and is gradually
moved forward to the rotating cutter, which effects the required
serrations by its projecting parts successively coming into operation.
Both sides of the blado may thus be operated upon, and a disc with
diagonal chasings only may be caused to grind or polish the
serrations
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
hled by the said William Richardson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the Eth August 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
RICHARDSON, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of February, in the year
of our Lord Ono thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Richardson, Her special
license that I, the said William Richardson, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Richardson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMBS TO BE
USED IN CARDING ENGINES AS DOFFER OR OTHER COMBS, OR IN WOOL BURRING,
COTTON CLEANING, OR OTHER MACHINES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBROUS
MATERIALS IN WHICH COMBS OF THE LIKE CHARACTER ABE REQUIRED," upon the

page_text: condition, amongst others, that I, the said William Richardson, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the samo to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six Calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Richardson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that
is to say:-
My Invention is applicable to the manufacture of combs which are
constructed after the manner of doffer or other combs of carding
engines, of wool burring, cotton cleaning, and other machines used in
the manufacture of fibrous materials in which combs of the like
character are required, that is to say, to such instruments as consist
of a blade of metal provided with a serrated edge, and consists in
forming such serrations by the action of a rotatory cutting tool, and
I will in the first instance point out the description of tool I
employ, and then the arrangement of machinery to which it is
applied.
Fig. 1 represents in diagram a disc of metal on the periphery of which
I in the first place cut a series of spiral grooves, as seen in the edge
view upon an exaggerated scalo, after which a number of cross cuts are
effected, as scen at Fig. 2, two only of which are shewn, but they
extend around the periphery, by which means spiral lines of projecting
parts are left, as seen at Figs. 2 and 3, and each of these parts forms a
cutting instrument. In Fig. 3, as in Fig. 2, only a portion of the
cutting parts are shewn, but they extend of course around the periphery
of the disc. Suppose the cutting tool thus formed to be placed upon a
spindle and caused to revolve while a strip of metal is held against
and advanced towards it, and if at the same time the said bar be
caused to travel in a line with the axis of the rotating tool, a series of
serrations will be produced along the edge of the strip provided it bo
caused to move at a speed proportionate to the pitch of the spiral cuts
upon the tool, otherwise the teeth would of course be stripped or
irregularly formed. The shape of the projecting parts upon the
rotating cutter will depend upon the form of tooth required for the

page_text: comb. Supposing the form represented at Fig. 4 be desired then the
said spiral grooves will form V-threads, and the edges will be somewhat
rounded. The machinery employed for causing the tool to rotate and
the bar of metal to traverse may be varied, but I now will describe
an arrangement which I have had in use.
Fig. 5 is a plan view; Fig. 6 a cross section, and Figs. 7 and 8
detached views. At 1 is a lathe bed; at 2 the back gearing; the
centre is at 3, upon which is a "Clement's driver" 4 for imparting
rotatory motion to spindle 5, on which is mounted the cutting tool 6
above described. At 7 is the sliding bed of the lathe to which a
traversing motion is imparted by the screw 8 after the usual manner
in slide lathes. At 9, 9, are two slide rests, to the upper portions of
which are attached by the usual screws 10 a bar 11, and this bar is
therefore capable of being moved towards or from the cutting tool 6
by the screws 12. The inward part of the bar 11 is formed with a
recess 13, within which the strip of metal 14 to be formed into a comb
is placed, and it is secured in this position by a series of clamps 15,
screws 16 passing through, which take into the bar 11.
Figs. 7 and 8 shew the method I adopt for disengaging the nut from
the traversing screw. At 17 is the nut engaging with one-half of the
screw 8 only, and capable of turning upon a centre 18, opposite to
which is another centre carrying a link 19, which at its lower end is
connected to an arm 20, the centre of motion of which is provided with
a lever 21; by turning this lever therefore the link 19 forces the
nut 17 upward and disengage it from the screw, the lower part 21
is plain and acts merely as a support for the screw. On commencing
operations the nut 17 is removed from the screw 8, and the sliding bed
together with the vests 11 is run back by turning the wheel 22 by means
of the handle 23, until the end of the bar 11 is clear of the cutting
tool 6. The strip of metal on which the comb teeth are to be formed
is then placed in the recess 13 and secured by the clamps 15. The
nut 17 is then placed in gear with the screw 8, and the cutter 6 is
caused to revolve, by which means the strip of metal will be cut with
a series of teeth along its edge, but partially only to the required extent.
The sliding bed and bar 11 are now again run back by hand until the
latter is clear of the cutting tool, and the screws 12 are turned so as to
effect a feeding of the strip to the cutting tool, and the operations above
described are repeated, and so on, until the required depth of tooth has

page_text: been cut. It has been observed that the strip of metal must move at
a speed proportionate to the thread cut upon the tool 6; this may be
effected for different pitches of teeth by change wheels in the ordinary
manner, or by changing the traversing screw. At the front of the
bar 11 is a plate 50 of soft iron extending along the length of the
comb to be cut; this plate is partially cut through by the rotatory tool,
but portions are left which serve to support the points of the teeth.
The comb having been cut as above described may in like manner be
operated upon by a rotatory tool with spiral chasings only, whereby
the teeth may be ground or polished with emery or other such substance.
If desired two strips of metal may be cut at the same time by the rotatory
tool, the second of such strips being after the same manner submitted
thereto, but on the opposite side of the centre of motion, and of course
in a reversed position. It will be evident that the above-described
arrangement may be varied by keeping the strip of metal stationary and
traversing the tool while it revolves.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I
desire it to be understood that I claim as secured to nie under the above
in part recited Letters Patent, the use of a rotatory tool constructed as
above described for cutting and grinding or polishing the teeth of such
combs, as aforesaid.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Richardson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
WILLIAM RICHARDSON. (L.B.)