Improvements in Steam or Heating Boilers.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Jan., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 18th June, 1891-Accepted, 26th Mar.,
1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam or Heating Boilers.
We, JOSEPH DIAZ DE BENJUMEA, Mining Engineer, of the Technical Depart-
ment of Messrs. Baxeres & Co., of 70 and 71 Bishopsgate Street, in the City of
London, and JOSÉ BAXERES. ALZUGARAY, Engineer of the same address do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to steam generators or boilers adapted for heating water
or fluids and for other purposes and has reference to the more complete utilisation
of the heated gases so as to retain them as long as possible in contact with the
heating surface. By this invention also the boiler may be greatly strengthened
and the escape of heat prevented.
In carrying out this invention we prefer to employ two concentric tubes or
cylinders of any required dimensions, cross section and strength. In the annular
space between these two tubes we place a worm diaphragm or baffle plate extending
more or less for the length of the tubes and into the space between the tubes we
introduce the heated gases and products of combustion from the furnace which may
preferably communicate with or open into the said space. The effect of the
worm baffle is to cause the flame and gases to adopt a worm-like path around the
inner tube thus keeping them for a long time in contact with the surface of
the tube.
These tubes which constitute the entire boiler or heating flue of the boiler may
be arranged horizontally vertically or in any other required position. If desired
the inner tube of the pair already described may contain another concentric tube
inside it again for the purpose of reducing the bulk of the water. The outer tube
of the pair may be made if desired as strong as the inner tube so that in case of
the bursting of the inner tube external damage may be prevented or minimised by
the strength of the outer tube.
"
The word "tubes" has been employed but it will be understood that a double
shell, or casing of any suitable nature and shape may be employed, the "tubes
being taken as an illustration.
The outer casing may be covered or lined with any suitable non-conducting
material or may be made double with the non-conducting material between. Instead
of a single pair of "tubes" being employed it will be understood that a set of more
than two may be employed.
If desired the internal tube may be formed with return tubes like a multitubular
boiler so that the products of combustion may pass back through these small.
tubes.
Dated this Twenty-seventh day of January 1891.
JOSEPH DIAZ DE BENJUMEA.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicants..

page_text: Improvements in Steam or Heating Boilers.
We, JOSÉ BAXERES ALZUGARAY, Engineer, of 70 & 71 Bishopsgate Street, in
the City of London, and JOSEPH DIAZ DE BENJUMEA, Mining Engineer,
Technical Department, Messrs. Baxeres & Co., of the same address, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed to be particularly described and ascertained in and 'by the following
statement:
This invention relates to steam generators or boilers adapted for heating water
or fluids and for other purposes and has reference to the more complete utilisation
of the heated gases so as to retain them as long as possible in contact with the
heating surface. By this invention also the boiler may be greatly strengthened
and the escape of heat prevented.
In carrying out this invention we prefer to employ two concentric tubes or
cylinders of any required dimensions, shape and strength. In the annular space
between these two tubes we place one or more worns, diaphragms or baffle plates
extending more or less for the length of the tubes and into the space between the
tibes we introduce the heated gases and products of combustion from the furnace
which may preferably communicate with or open into the said space. The effect
of the worm baffle is to cause the flame and gases to adopt a worm-like path
around the inner tube thus keeping them for a long time in contact with the
surface of the tube.
These tubes which may constitute the entire boiler or heating flue of the boiler
may be arranged horizontally, vertically or in any other required position. If
desired the inner tube of the pair already described may contain another concentric
tube inside it again and lined with a refractory composition if necessary for the
purpose of reducing the bulk of the water, also another worm-plate if desired. The
outer tube of the pair may be made if desired as strong as the inner tube so that in
case of the bursting of the inner tube external damage may be prevented or
minimised by the strength of the outer tube. Or the outer tube or casing may be
made of other material say for example of fire-brick.
The word "tubes" has been employed but it will be understood that a double
shell or casing of any suitable nature shape or material may be employed, the
tubes" being taken as an illustration.
The outer casing may be covered or lined inside and outside with any suitable
non-conducting material or may be made double with the feed-water or the non-
conducting material between. Instead of a single pair of "tubes" being employed
it will be understood that a set or more than two may be employed.
If desired the internal tube may be formed with return tubes like a multitubular
boiler so that the products of combustion may pass back through these small
tubes.
Instead of employing a worm plate as above described the worm or worm channel
may be formed in or upon one of the tubes. The products of combustion may be
taken off at the side through a cross tube, or tubes.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is a view partly in elevation and partly in vertical section of one form of
vertical boiler constructed according to this invention and of which Fig. 2 is a
.horizontal section showing the arrangement of the concentric tubes or casings.
Figs. 3 and 4 are views respectively similar to Figs. 1 and 2 of another form of
vertical boiler constructed according to this invention.
'
Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the external or flue casing and steam chest the
latter being shown also partly in elevation and as moved aside from its operative
position and

page_text: Fig. 6 is an elevation of the boiler removed from the casing shown in Figure 5.
Figs. 7 and 8 are views partly in elevation and partly in section of two different
forms of horizontal boiler constructed according to this invention and the flue
outlet from which is at the fire-box end of the apparatus.
Fig. 9 is a view similar to Figs. 7 and 8 but of a modified construction of hori-
zontal boiler the flue outlet from which is at the end of the apparatus 'distant
from that of the fire-box.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
A is the outer shell of the boiler proper; this letter is also hereinafter used to
refer to the boiler proper as a whole, but as distinguished from the shell or casing B,
which at a suitable distance away from it encircles or encloses the boiler A the
intervening space C constituting the external flue C of the boiler and within
which casing B the boiler A is supported on brackets B' or by other equivalent
means.
The inner surface of the casing B may be coated or lined with fire-clay, asbestos
or other infusible or refractory material B³.
Referring now particularly to Fig. 1, C is the worm diaphragm or spiral baffle
plate which causes the products of combustion leaving the fire-box D to take a
serpentine path towards the top of the boiler at which part they may, as
distinguished from the path they pursue in the arrangement shown in the accom-
panying drawings, be allowed to escape directly through any suitable uptake
connected to the top of the casing B. In this serpentine Hue C may project from
the inner tube any required number of pockets to contain water and generate
steani and also to split up the heated gases; the pockets being preferably arranged
alternately one and two, the two meeting the divided flame passing round the one
and rice versa. If however it be desired that the heated products of combustion
instead of passing directly from the flue C to the outlet should remain longer in
contact with the boiler A. this may be provided for by the following means.
A is an inner tube which with the bottom plate A2 constitutes a pocket K
which may be of such proportion to the size of the outer shell A as will reduce the
water-space of the boiler to the necessary capacity. As is the flue outlet from the
pocket K and is fitted into the outlet tube E which is rivetted or otherwise secured
to the tubes A and A and passes across the flue space C as shown, this arrange-
ment admitting of the boiler A being removed and replaced after the tube A³ has
been withdrawn.
To hold the products of combustion more against the casing or tube A' another
tube E is arranged centrally within it and this may be secured to or merely rest on
the bottom plate A².
A is a steam chest supported on the top of the casing B and connected with the
boiler A by one or more bent pipes such as A³ and against the underside of
which the products of combustion have free play and superheat the steam
therein.
The provision of the, bent pipe A5 enables the steam chest A to be readily dis-
connected from the boiler so that said steam chest A' may be moved aside as shown
in Fig. 5 and free access had to the upper part of the boiler A.
A is a spiral pipe connected at one end to the boiler A. and through which may
be passed the feed water..
In this vertical boiler the products of combustion leaving the firebox D as
indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1, spirally ascend around the outside of the boiler A
and turn down over its upper edge into the pocket K and finally leave the boiler
through the outlet. A³.
If desired the flue space between the tubes A' and E may be fitted with a helical
baffle plate so as to cause the products of combustion in descending towards the
Loutlet. A to follow a serpentine path.
The usual boiler fittings arranged around the outside of casing B may be con-
nected to the boiler A by short pipes F covered if desired with asbestos or any
other non-conducting or infusible substance or the like traversing the flue space.

page_text: and other usual devices such as the manhole G, see Fig. 6, may also be provided.
A safety valve A3 is preferably secured to the steam chest A' as shown.
In Fig. the spiral baffle plate Cis represented as formed of T iron rivetted to
the adjacent convolutions of the spiral plate or plates forming the shell A, this
arrangement may however be modified if desired."
In the two boilers shown in Figs. 3 and, 6 the pockets O are dispensed with and
the battle C is formed out of a flanged channel iron and is so arranged that its
interior is in free communication with the interior of the boiler A. The central
tube moreover in the boiler shown in Fig. 3 is utilized as a part of the boiler its
upper end being closed in and its lower end opening through the plate A2 the upper
part of the interior of E being also in communication with the upper part of the
boiler proper by tubes A. The battle C¹ in Fig. 6.is of a further slightly modified
form.
In Fig. 3 the spiral feed-water pipe A" is shown extending throughout the whole
length or height of the boiler.
B³ Fig. 5 are doors by which access may be had to the interior of the spiral
flue C for cleaning or other purposes.
The horizontal boiler shown in Fig. 7 is of practically similar construction to
that shown in Fig. 3 the essential difference being the modified arrangement of the
central tube E.
•
In the spiral arrangement of the outer flue C the products of combustion pass
completely round the boiler A and consequently in the case of a horizontal boiler
the whole boiler must be kept full of water so that it becomes desirable to provide
a steam chest beyond the reach of the said products. This is shown in Figs. 7, 8
and 9 where the steam chest A is of cylindrical form and is connected to the
boiler A by two comparatively large pipes or legs A' which pass across the flue
space C and each of which is secured by rivetting or other suitable means one end
to the boiler A and the other end to the steam chest A¹.
In this example the pipe or tube E extends completely through the apparatus
from the back to the front ends of the casing B; each end of E may be closed
by a lid or cover E². E is described as a tube and would generally be so, but as
its object is merely to cut off a space, which if necessary could be left without any
tube, from the operation of the boiler, a solid core would answer the purpose.
The front or firebox end of the tube A is closed by the plate A against which
there may be provided a flat ring-like water-space encircling the tube E at that
.part. The tube E could contain the feed-water if necessary.
The tubes E may advantageously be used for heating purposes that shown in
Fig. 7 being well adapted for use as a retort.
As an example of such manner of working it may be economically employed for
coking some of the fuel to be burnt in the firebox. For this purpose the fuel
would be placed in the tube E, the covers properly sealed and the gases liberated
would be discharged through one or more suitable outlets and conveyed either into
the firebox to be there consumed along with the other fuel or into any other
desired receptacle for use in some other way the coked fuel being subsequently
withdrawn from the tube E and burnt in the firebox D.
The arrangement shown in Fig. 9 differs from that shown in Fig. 7 chiefly in
the location of the parts the steam chest A in this example being at the same end
as the stoke-hole and the outlet or chimney at the opposite end as also in the shape
of the baffle C which is practically the same as that shown in Fig. 6. E are
openings in the tube through which the products pass on their way to the
chimney H which it is to be observed in this construction is detachable in a manner
similar to that before described with regard to the outlets A³ shown in Figs. 1
and 3. This boiler (Fig. 9) is shown with a spiral feed-water pipe A" and pockets ①
which latter may be made shallow to allow the pipe A to pass between them and
the casing B or said pipe may be bent around the pockets O.
The boiler shown in Fig. 8 is provided with a solid baffle plate C' and pockets O;
in other respects it is generally similar to the boilers before described.

page_text: The course of the products of combustion from the firebox to the uptake H will
be sufficiently well understood from the arrows and foregoing description to render
unnecessary further description in this respect.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1. The combination with the external shell A of a steam boiler and another
shell B surrounding it of a helical diaphragm or baffle plate such as C¹ dividing the
space intervening between the two shells into a spiral or serpentine flue substantially
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. The combination with the external shell A of a steam boiler and another
shell B surrounding it of a hollow or tubular helical diaphragm or baffle plate such
as C dividing the space intervening between the two shells into a spiral or
serpentine flue substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
3. The combination with a steam boiler having an external serpentine flue such
as C of an internal pocket such as K and central tube or retort such as E sub-
stantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4. The combination with a steam boiler having an external serpentine flue of an
internal serpentine flue substantially as described.
5. In a steam boiler the combination with a serpentine flue such as described of
pockets such as substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
6. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete steam
boiler substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accom-
panying drawings.
7. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete steam
boiler substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 of the accom-
panying drawings.
8. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete steam
boiler substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 6 of the accompanying
drawings.
9. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete steam
boiler substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 7 of the accompanying
drawings.
10. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete steam.
boiler substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 8 of the accompanying
drawings.
11. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete steam
boiler substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 9 of the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 17th dow of Luo 1801
JOSÉ BAXERES ALZUGARAY.
JOSEPH DIAZ DE BENJUMEA..
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicants.
JOSÉ BAXERES ALZUGARAY.
JOSEPH DIAZ DE BENJUMEA.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicants.