CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, DRESSING, AND FINISHING OF WOOLLEN CLOTH AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1832

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME GREETING,
I, GEORGE OLDLAND, of Hillsley, in the Parish of Hawkesbury, in the
County of Gloucester,, Cloth Worker, send greeting.
:
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WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Third day of
November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred, and thirty-
two, and in the third year of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, give, and grant unto, me, the said George Oldland, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, His especial licence, sole privilege, and, authority,
that I, the said George, Oldland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said, George Oldland, my executors, administrators,, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time; and at
all times during the term of years, therein mentioned, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend within England, Wales, and, the Towu
ofBerwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, DRESSING, AND FINISHING OF
WOOLLEN CLOTH AND OTHER FABRICS;" in which said Letters Patent, is con-
tained a proviso that I, the said George Oldland, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent,, reference being thereunto: had, will
more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Oldland, do hereby describe the manner in which my said Invention
is to be performed by the following description thereof (reference being had
to the Drawing hereunto annexed; and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
66
My present Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Preparing,
Dressing, and Finishing of Woollen Cloths and other Fabrics consist in
different organizations or modifications of and variations from an Invention
for which I obtained a Patent, dated Twenty-second day of July, One
thousand eight hundred and thirty, the Specification whereof was duly inrolled
in the Rolls Chapel Office in Chancery on or about the Twenty-second day
of January, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-one.
By reference to the said Specification it will be seen that I adapted certain
frames, handles, or holders containing teazles or wire cards or brushes, or any
other suitable material for dressing cloth, which frames, handles, or holders
are to be brought against the face of the cloth under operation for raising the
pile, and there made to revolve on a metal spindle, or by any other convenient
means which are intended by a circular movement of the points of the teazles,
wires, brushes, or other materials to draw out the fibres of the wool, or, in
other words, to raise the pile of the cloth crosswise, that is, in the directions
from the middle towards the lists." :. :
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:
My improved organization or modifications of and variations from the said
former Invention consist,-
First, in a new mode of adapting the circular frames, handles, or holders,
with the teazles or wire. cards or brushes, by which the points are enabled
to operate crosswise upon the cloth as it travels in vertical directions. And,
Secondly, in a mode of enabling frames or handles or rods of teazles or wire
cards or brushes to act upon the face of the cloth by reciprocating horizontal
movements, that is, crosswise of the cloth in directions from list to list,
as the cloth travels in vertical directions. These improvements will be better
understood by reference to the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following
description thereof, that is to say :-
Figure 1 is a front view of a machine in which two large circular frames
holding teazles, wire cards, or brushes are mounted, and which are made to:
revolve in vertical directions.on central axles or shafts.
Figure 2 is an end view of the machine, and Figure 3 a transverse section
taken through the same for the purpose of shewing more perfectly its internal
construction. a, a, a, is the frame work or standard of the machine, made of
wood or iron firmly braced together. 6, 6, are axles or shafts mounted in
5

page_text: plummer blocks fixed upon the horizontal rails of the standards, which shafts
slide to and fro in their bearings as well as turn freely. At one end of each of
these shafts a large circular frame c, c, is attached, and in these frames the rods
of teazles or wire cards or brushes are fixed in any convenient way. At the
reverse end of the shafts is the fork for sliding it to and fro. The cloth
intended to be operated upon is wound upon a cylinder d, and its end being
passed from thence over a guide roller e, it is carried upwards, its back
bearing against the elastic bed f.f, and over the other guide roller g to a
corresponding cylinder h, to which the end of the cloth made fast. The bed
is affixed in a perpendicular position to the framework, and is proposed to
be made elastic by surfaces of bristles set in boards like brushes. In com-
mencing the operation of dressing, the cloth being distended over the bed. as
described, the axles 6, 6, are sliden forwards in their plummer. blocks in
order to bring the circular frames or teazles, wire cards, or brushes. into
contact with the face of the cloth, and they are held in these advanced
positions by weighted levers i, i, shewn in Figure 3, acting upon the forks j,j,
or they may be pressed forwards by strong spiral springs. The frames of teazles
or boards of wire cards or brushes are made to revolve by means of toothed
wheels k, k, fixed on the shafts b, b, which are driven by a spur wheel l, on the
shaft of the rigger m; upon this shaft m there is a. bevel wheel n, taking into a
similar wheel o, and at the reverse end of the axle of o a pinion is fixed that
drives the wheel p, which takes into the wheel q, locked to the end of the
cylinder h by a clutch, and the wheel q takes into a similar wheel r upon the
end of the cylinder d. By the rotations, therefore, of these wheels, the cloth is
drawn lengthways progressively over the bed as the rotary teazles, boards of
wire, cards, or brushes, are acting upon its face in a cross direction, or from the
middle towards the lists. When the entire length of cloth. has passed from
the cylinder d to the cylinder h, as described, it may be made to travel 'back
again from hon to d, by shifting the clutch so as to release the wheel ġ and
lock the wheel r to the cylinder d, these cylinders. being retarded by friction
levers s, s. In this way the length of the cloth may be carried to and. fro
through the machine, while the frames of teazles,. boards of wire, cards, or
brushes are in continued rotary operation.
Figure 4. is a front elevation of a machine in which long streight rods of
teazles or boards of wire, cards, or brushes are made to operate. upon the face
of the cloth by reciprocating horizontal movements in directions from list
to list as the cloth travels upwards and downwards in vertical directions.
Figure 5 is an end view of the same, and Figure 6 a section taken trans-
versely through the machine. a, a, a, a, are the standards of the machine.

page_text: b, b, b,'b, are the sliding frames, which carry the rods: of teazles, or, boards of
wire, cards, or brushes. The ends of these sliding frames are elongated; and
may work; in oblique slots, or bearings in the standards, or may be otherwise
supported c, c, is a board on which beds d, d, d, d, of bristles or other elastic
materials are fixed. e is a cylinder in which the length of the cloth is in the
first instance wound. ffff, are rolling for grinding the cloth, against the
beds. is a corresponding cylinder, to which the end of the cloth is attached
upon the opposite side of the machine, after passing it over the rollers ffff:
When the cloth has been thus, distended over the beds, the boards c, c, are
brought forward to bear the cloth up against the teazles, or boards of wire,
cards; 'or brushes, which may be done by raising a lever h. This allows; the
arms or bearings of the bed board to slide down in the inclined slots i, i, i, i,
in the standards, when the weight of the bed boards will be, sufficient; to keep
the cloth in contact with the teazles, wire cards, or brushes on each side of the
machine. But I do not confine, myself to this method of hanging, the beds.
In putting. this machine; into operation; rotary power is to be applied to the
rigger k, which will drive the crank shaft l, and the crank rod m being con-
nected to the levers o; o, they will be made to vibrate or move up and down
as the crank shaft goes round. Upon the axles of these vibrating levers o; o,
there are affixed forked arms p, p, the ends of which forks take into slots
in the sliding frames b, b, and, consequently, as the levers o, b; vibrate, the
sliding frames, with the teazles or wire cards or brushes, are worked to and fro,
and thus operate in dressing or raising the pile on the face of the cloth; but
the sliding frames may be moved by other mechanical means; if thought to be
more convenient: Breaks or weighted levers are adapted to the cloth cylinders,
as shewn at q, q; for the purpose. of keeping the cloth tightly distended while
under operation. The cloth is drawn progressively through the machine over
the beds, by means of bevel gear connected to the crank shaft pinnions, r, r,
fixed on the crank shaft, taking to bevel wheels ss, which turn loosely on the
ends of the axles of the cloth cylinders: Either of these wheels may be locked
to the axle of the cylinders by a clutch moved by the lever 1, and when so locked
that cylinder becomes a drawing cylinder; and upon which the.cloth winds as it
travels through the machine, the other cylinder turning freely. If it should
be deemed necessary to withdraw the beds at stated times, for the purpose of
relieving the teazles or wire cards or brushes from the face of the cloth, that
might be done by excentrics or cams or crank's connected with the axles of the
cloth cylinders, which by revolving might actuate the levers that shift the beds;
or if it should be thought more desirable to give to the teazle holders or boards
of wire cards advancing and receding movements at intervals, that might be

page_text: Inrolled the Third day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-three: