Improvements in Wood-working Machines or Devices.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 1st July, 1892-Accepted, 27th Aug., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wood-working Machines or Devices.
I, SAMUEL JOHNSTON SHIMER, of Milton, in the County of Northumberland,
in the State of Pennsylvania, in the United States of America Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOD-
WORKING DEVICES OR MACHINES, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention has relation to wood-working machines, usually termed "cutter-
heads "in the art or manufacture, and of that class mounted on a vertical spindle
and carrying upper and lower cutter-bits adapted and arranged for tonguing or
grooving boards.
The present invention has for its primary object to adapt a circular-bit matcher
cutter-head of the expansion variety or class to receive and hold circular bits.
I have found it inexpedient and inoperative to adapt and utilize the expansive
principle to cutter-heads carrying circular cutters or bits until the present inven-
tion but by the improvements in construction and arrangement of the cutter-
heads, and the bits thereto connected or attached, as hereinafter specified, I have
overcome the former objections of circular bits on expansion cutter-heads.
I have fully and clearly illustrated my invention in the accompanying drawings,
wherein―
Figure 1 is a side view showing the cutter-head equipped with circular bits for
cutting the tongues ou boards.
Fig. 2 is a central vertical section through the several parts or elements.
Fig. 3 is a perspective of the upper section or bed-piece of the cutter-head on
which the bit seats for the bits cutting the upper carve of the tongue are formed
and the intermediate openings for the bits on the other section.
Fig. 4 is a perspective of the lower section of the cutter-head, showing the radial
flanges for bit-seats for the lower cutting-bits and the intermediate openings for the
other bits.
Fig. 5 is a view of my improved circular bit, the nut being removed from the
bolt projecting from the center; and
Fig. 6 is a view of the expanding spring.
A designates the part constituting the lower section that carries the bits for
cutting the upper carve on the board. This consists of a hub or stem 1 to
receive the spindle, having projecting radial flanges b c d extending from the base,
on the upper face of which are formed bit-seats 2, between which the metal is
cut out, preferably in circular shape, as seen at 3, constituting openings, into
which the oppositely-arranged bits of the other section project, as shown in the
drawings. In the bit-seats are bolt-holes a to take the stems of the bits. About
the base of the hub 1 is formed an annular groove 4, forming a seat for the
expansion spring. The hub is screw-threaded, as seen at 5, to take the threaded
In the corner
adjusting nut or ring and the top cap-nut, hereinafter described.
of each of the flanges is a guide pin 6, and in the opposite corner of each flange is
a pin-hole 7, the former entering a pin-hole 8, in the upper section of the head
and the latter receiving a guide-pin 9 in that element. These pins not only
serve to guide the sections in their relative positions, but also to serve to maintain
that relation when any adjustment is being made and also to keep the parts from
moving upon each other in either direction. In the hub is a slot 10, which takes
the end of a threaded bolt 11, projected through the shell of the other section.
The vertical adjustment of the parts is limited by this bolt and slot, so that the
parts can not be operatively separated beyond the limits of the slot. About the
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page_text: hub 1 is arranged the expansion spring 12, seated in the annular groove 4 at the
base and having its upper part seated and bearing in an annular groove 13 in the
opposite 'section substantially as shown.
t
B designates the upper section of the cutter-head. This consists of a substantial
conical-shaped sleeve 14, having a bore to fit and take the hub of the other section
and having the metal at the base formed with radially-projected flanges e f g, on
the under face. of which are formed bit-seats 15, in which are bolt-holes.16 to take
the stems of the bits. The bolt-holes in the bit-seats of each section are formed
• tapering for a portion of their length, as shown, so that the bits may be more firmly
-clamped to the head on the seat, and thus prevented from turning on their seats.
Between the flanges of the part B the metal is cut away, as scen at 17, forming.circular
openings, into which project the bits of the other section, as shown in the drawings.
As heretofore mentioned, in the corners of the flanges of this section are placed pins 9,
and in the opposite corners are pin-holes, which engage and take pins and holes, of the
lower section, and the threaded bolt 11 is projected through the shell of the sleeve
of this section to take in the slot 10 of the hub of the lower section, and the annular
groove 13 takes the upper end of the expansion-spring. The top and face of the
sleeve 14.is formed with V-shaped or circular projections 18 to engage with corre
ponding formations on the lower face of the adjusting-ring C. This adjusting-ring is
interiorly threaded to engage threads of the hub 1, so that by turning the ring the
section B may be vertically adjusted in either direction and the ring held in place
by the intersection of these indented faces.
"
{.
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On the hub 1 is fitted a threaded clamping-cap 19, having a threaded hole 20 in
its top, which takes a threaded bolt 21, the end of which bears on the end of the
spindle, (not shown) by means of which the whole head may be adjusted to the
proper vertical position on the spindle. The cap 19 is held against displacement
by means of small set screws 22, let through it and into hub 1, bearing with their
inner ends against the spindle, as indicated in Figure 2 of the drawings.
D designates my improved circular cutting-bit. The bit portion of this may be
of any of the usual approved forms of circular bits with the usual notch made for
tonguing or grooving boards. This circular bit is formed with a solid bottom 23,
from the under face of which projects the clamping bolt 24, formed integral withi
the bit. The lower portion of the clamping bolt is provided with screw-threads to
take a nut 25, as seen in Fig. 5 of the drawing.
The neck or upper part of this bolt is tapering, as at 26, to fit in the tapering
hole of the bit-seat and make a tight, secure, and strong union of the parts. These,
bits having the bolts integral therewith, can be made much smaller than bits having
center holes in them, and it is due to the improved construction, enabling me to
make the bit of small dimensions, that I adapt the expansion principle to a head
having circular bits in their equipment. A circular bit made with a bolt-hole and
small enough to apply to use on an expausible head as represented in the drawings,
the bit being shown full size, would be so frail at the notched side that it would
crack during the process of tempering and be rendered useless, since experience
proves that bits of larger size with bolt-holes often break while tempering. Hence
this bit with integral bolt is an improvement in construction which enables an
expansion matcher-head with circular bit to be efficiently and operatively equipped
with these preferred bits. By the construction and arrangements of the sections
of the head, so that the lower-cut bits are carried on the bottom face of the upper
section of the head and the upper cut bits on the upper face of the lower section
thereof, the flanges can be made much thinner, saving metal, and at the same time
made narrower, with bit-seats of smaller diameter. The projecting walls of the
bits, extending into the spaces of the flanges, also receive support by the walls of
the spaces.
By reference to the drawings it will be observed that the expansibility is limited,
and purposely and definitely so, to prevent au overlap of the bits in the wrong
direction, since the upper-cut bits are on the lower section of the head and the
lower-cut bits on the unner section thereof

page_text: Hence when the adjusting nut or ring is turned down the flanges, rims, or bit-
seats are closer together and the tongue or groove made wider; but on turning the
nut upward the spring forces the upper section upward, causing the clearance
between the bits to be narrower, consequently forming a narrower or thinner groove
or tongue.
The assemblage of the parts may readily be perceived from the description and
in connection with the drawings; but the arrangements of the parts may be here
rehearsed. The expansion-spring is arranged on the hub of the lower section, the
top section then put on the hub, the adjusting ring or nut screwed down, and then
the cap screwed down in place and secured by the small set screws at its base.
The bolt in the upper section is then screwed in, to enter the slot in the hub, and
then the bits may be set, adjusted, and fixed in place.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare what I
claim is:
1. A circular bit for a cutter-head, consisting of a bit and a threaded clamping-
bolt integral with each other, the clamping bolt being formed with a tapering
portion between the threaded ends and the bottom of the bit, substantially as
described.
2. In a cutter-head, the combination of a lower section consisting of a central
threaded hub formed at its base with radially-projecting flanges having bit-seats on
their upper faces and circular openings between the flanges, into which the bits of
the upper section project, and adjustable upper section consisting of a sleeve to fit
the hub of the lower section and formed at its base with radially-projecting flanges
having bit-seats on their under faces and circular openings between the flanges,
into which the bits of the lower section project, and means for adjusting and holding
the upper section, substantially as described.
3. In a two-part cutter-head, the combination of a lower section adapted to carry
the bits to make the upper carve of the cut and an upper adjustable section adapted
to carry the bits to make the lower carve of the cut, bits on the lower section, and
bits on the upper section intermediate of the others, substantially as described.
4. In a cutter-head, the combination of a hub having radial flanges at its base,
circular bits on the flanges, and circular spaces between the flanges, an upper
adjustable section fitted on the hub of the lower section and formed with radial
flanges, and circular spaces between the flanges to take in the bits on the lower
section, and bits on the under face of the flanges of the upper section, arranged to
project in the spaces between the flanges of the lower section, substantially as
described.
a
5. The combination, with a matcher cutter-head having radial flanges formed
with bit-seats having central tapering bolt-holes, of a circular cutting-bit having
clamping holt integral with the bit, said clamping-bolt being formed tapering
adjacent to the bottom of the bit to fit the tapering bolt-holes in the flanges on the
head, and a nut to clamp the bolt, substantially as described.
Dated this 1st day of July 1892.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.