IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES AND SIMILAR TIME- KEEPERS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
. the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES AND SIMILAR TIME-
KEEPERS." -A communication from abroad by Albert Henry Potter,
of Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Watch Manufacturer.
Sealed the 26th November 1875, and dated the 25th August 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th August 1875.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES AND
SIMILAR TIMEKEEPERS," a communication, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the frame, in which are contained and
supported the "works or operative portions of a watch or other similar
timepiece, and also to the "compensating" devices, whereby the
"balance" is enabled to work with accuracy, notwithstanding the

page_text: عد
influence of varying temperatures; also to that portion of a watch or
timepiece comprising the winding devices, barrel, and main wheel, and
also to the escapement, so termed, of the watch or timepiece.
As concerns the frame, the object of my Invention is to provide more
securely for the support and retention of the "works" or operative parts
in proper position and relation to each other than is possible with the
frames made up of several pieces joined or attached together, as has
hitherto been the practice in the construction of watches; this feature
of the said Invention is further designed to secure a more complete
exclusion of dust and grit from the aforesaid " works," and to better
facilitate the production and manufacture of the frames.
As concerns the compensation of the "balance" I would remark that
in the present state of the art of watchmaking it is customary to regulate
the balance constructed for primary compensation so termed to run
uniformly at two widely separated degrees of temperature, for example,
32° and 95° Fahrenheit, but an ordinary balance regulated to uniform
working at the two extremes of a given range of temperature will not
possess the same uniformity of vibration at any intermediate point or
degree, for the reason that while the tension or elasticity of the balance
spring diminishes in a certain progressive ratio as the temperature
increases. the moment of inertia" of the balance diminishes in a much
less rapid ratio, so that the compensating action is less than the action
producing the irregularity; and one object of my Invention is to provide
practically reliable and efficient means for compensating the irre-
gularities caused by the discrepancy between the two ratios just referred
to, and thereby to secure a balance that will vibrate uniformly at all
temperatures.
:
As concerns the winding mechanism and its adjuncts, I would say
that hitherto in watches working on the principle of what is termed the
'going barrel" the bearing of the barrel and main wheel is very narrow,
unstable, and incapable of being jewelled, except by an outlay of labour
and skill that nullifies the advantages of jewelling; and one object of
my Invention is to wholly avoid the objectionable features of what have
hitherto been the most approved watches of this class.
As concerns the escapement, I would state that in the ordinary
chronometer escapement the trip spring is arranged longitudinally with:
and upon the locking bar, and the tripping pallet is in extreme

page_text: proximity to the centre of motion in the balance, and consequently the
balance must pass through a large arc before the tripping pawl can pass
the trip spring preparatory to renewed action upon the bar, and this
renders the escapement liable to be stopped from external agencies,
3 such as jarring and the like, these, so far as concerns the nature
and scope of my Invention, are the objects sought by the said
Invention.
+56
The said Invention comprises a solid block recessed for the reception
of the internal working parts of the " 'movement," including the
"balance," the recesses in the said block conforming more or less to
the size and shape of the various parts received therein with the inter-
vening portions left solid to strengthen the block and maintain the
original rigidity of the same.
It further comprises the combination of a plate with the recessed
block aforesaid for the purpose of closing the recesses in the said block
against the entrance of dirt, dust, or other extraneous material.
My said Invention further comprises a balance constructed with
adjustably loaded auxiliary bows attached near the extreme end of the
balance arms, or to any part of the arc-shaped sections of the balance,
the said bows being adjustable and so arranged that their expansion and
contraction from changes of temperature will throw their loaded
extremities radially to or from, as the case may be the axis of the
balance to the extent required to make the moment of inertia in the
balance correspond with the changed tension or elasticity of the spring,
whereby the desired accuracy in the compensation of the balance at all
temperatures is secured.
It further comprises a hollow hub provided in a bearing distinct from
that of the main wheel and constructed with a wheel, whereby it may be
geared with any suitable wheel and winding stem and arranged around
but loosely upon the axle of the main wheel in combination with the
mainspring and barrel, whereby the mainspring may be wound up to
exert its tension upon the barrel without friction, strain, or other.
injurious effect upon the axle of the main wheel, or in any wise
interfering with the perfect accuracy and adjustment of the latter.
It further comprises a main wheel constructed with an axle rigid
thereon, and provided at the ends with "pivots" so turned in com-
bination with the mainspring actuating said main wheel, the whole

page_text: being so arranged as to provide far greater stability or steadiness in the
normal operation of said wheel than has hitherto been obtained, and
also for the jeweling of the pivots thereof.
It further comprises a novel combination of the first herein previously
specified parts, whereby I provide a main wheel and winding apparatus,
in which the greatest stability in the position and operation of the main
wheel is combined with a' minimum of friction, both in the winding up
of the mainspring and in the normal running of the main wheels, and
with due provision for the safety of the main wheel in case of the
reverse movement of the barrel from the breaking of the main wheel or
other causes.
It also comprises a locking bar having at one of its ends an arm
engaging in a peculiarly arranged trip spring, and at the other a locking
pallet arranged close to the centre of motion in the bars in combination
with the trip and impulse pallets of the balance.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 25th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Robert Lake, Her special licence
that I, the said William Robert Lake, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Robert Lake, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for

page_text: " IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES AND SIMILAR TIMEKEEPERS," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Albert Henry Potter, of Chicago,
Illinois, United States of America, Watch Manufacturer, upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said William Robert Lake, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robert Lake, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawing forming a part of this Specification:--
This Invention relates to the frame in which are contained and
supported the works or operative portions of a watch or other similar
timepiece, and also to the compensating devices, whereby the "balance"
is enabled to work with accuracy, notwithstanding the influence of
varying temperatures; also to that portion of a watch or timepiece
comprising the winding devices, barrel, and main wheel, and also to
the escapement, so termed, of the watch or timepiece.
.
"
As concerns the frame, the object of my Invention is to provide more
securely for the support and retention of the "works or operative parts
in proper position and relation with each other than is possible with the
frames made up of several pieces joined or attached together, as has
hitherto been the practice in the construction of watches. This feature
of the said Invention being further designed to secure a more complete
exclusion of dust and grit from the aforesaid "works," and to better
facilitate the production and manufacture of the frames.
As concerns the compensation of the "balance," I would remark that
in the present state of the art of watchmaking, it is customary to
regulate the balance constructed for primary compensation, so termed,
to run uniformly at two widely separated degrees of temperature, for
example, 32° and 95° Fahrenheit, but an ordinary balance regulated to
uniform working at the two extremes of a given range of temperature
will not possess the same uniformity of vibration at any intermediate

page_text: -
point or degree, for the reason that while the tension or elasticity of
the-balance-spring-diminishes-in-a-certain-progressive ratio as the
temperature increases the moment of "inertia" of the balance diminishes
in a much less rapid ratio, so that the compensating action is less than the
action producing the irregularity; and one object of my Invention is to
provide a practically reliable and efficient means of compensating the
irregularities caused by the discrepancy between the two ratios just
referred to, and thereby to secure a balance that will vibrate uniformly
at all temperatures.
As concerns the winding mechanism and its adjuncts, I would say
that hitherto in watches working on the principle of what is termed the
"going barrel," the bearing of the barrel and main wheel is very narrow,
unstable, and incapable of being jewelled except by an outlay of labour
and, skill that nulifies the advantages of jeweling; and one object of my
Invention is to wholly avoid the objectionable features of what have
hitherto been the most approved watches of this class.
As concerns the escapement I would state that in the ordinary
chronometer escapement the trip spring is arranged longitudinally with
and upon the locking bar, and the tripping pallet is in extreme
proximity to the centre of motion in the balance, and consequently the
balance must pass through a large arc before the tripping pawl can
pass the trip spring preparatory to renewed action upon the bar, and
this renders the escapement liable to be stopped from external agencies,
such as jarring and the like.
دو
The said Invention comprises a solid block recessed for the reception of
the internal working parts of the "movement," including the "balance,"
the recesses in the said block conforming more or less to the size and
shape of the various parts received therein with the intervening portions
left solid to strengthen the block and maintain the original rigidity of
the same.
It further comprises the combination of a plate with the recessed
block aforesaid for the purpose of closing the recesses in the said block
against the entrance of dirt, dust, or other extraneous material.
My said Invention further consists in a balance constructed with
adjustably loaded auxiliary bows attached near the extreme end of the
balance arms, or to any part of the arc-shaped sections of the balance,,

page_text: the said bows being adjustable and so arranged that their expansion
and contraction from changes of temperature will throw their loaded
extremities radially to or from as the case may be, the axis of the
balance to the extent required to make the moment of inertia in the
balance correspond to the changed tension or elasticity of the spring,
whereby the desired accuracy in the compensation of the balance at all
temperatures is secured.
It further comprises a hollow hub provided in a bearing distinct from
that of the main wheel, constructed with, a wheel, whereby it may be
geared with any suitable wheel and winding stem, and arranged around,
but loose from the axle of the main wheel in combination with the
mainspring and barrel, whereby the mainspring may be wound up to
exert its tension upon the barrel without friction, strain, or other
harmful effect upon the axle of the main wheel, or in any wise
interfering with the perfect accuracy and adjustment of the latter.
It further comprises a main wheel constructed with an axle rigid
thereon, and provided at the ends with "pivots," so termed in com-
bination with the mainspring actuating said main wheel, the whole
being so arranged as to provide for greater stability and steadiness in
the normal operation of said wheel than has hitherto been obtained, and
also for the jeweling of the pivots thereof.
It further comprises a novel combination of the first hercin previously
specified parts, whereby is provided a main wheel and winding apparatus,
in which the greatest stability in the position and operation of the main
wheel is combined with a minimum of friction, both in the winding up
of the main spring and in the normal running of the main wheel, and
with due provision for the safety of the main wheel in case of the
reverse movement of the barrel from the breaking of the main wheel or
other causes.
It also comprises a locking bar, having at one of its ends an arm'
engaging in a peculiarly arranged trip spring, and at the other a locking
pallet arranged close to the centre of motion in the bars, in combination
with the trip and impulse pallets of the balance.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a face view of the frame of a watch made according to.
this Invention; Figure 2 is an inverted or obverse view of the same;
1

page_text: Figure 4 is a plan or face view on an enlarged scale of the "balance
of a watch made according to this Invention; Figure 5 is an obverse
view of the same; Figure 6 is a transverse sectional view of the same
taken in the line a, a, Figures 4 and 5.
Figure 7 is a detached view on an enlarged scale of the main portion
of the winding devices of a watch made according to the said Invention.
Figure 8 is a central sectional view of the same taken in a plane
transverse to the flat sides of the watch; Figure 9 is a side view of one
portion of the same; Figure 10 is a sectional view of the same taken in
the line w, w, of Figure 7; Figure 11 is a central sectional view of the
same at right angles to Figure 10.
Figure 12 is a plan, drawn to an enlarged scale, showing the escape-
ment of a watch made according to this Invention; Figure 13 is a
horizontal sectional view; Figure 14 is a side view; and Figure 15
a detached view on a still more enlarged scale of one portion of the
same.
Having reference first to Figures 1, 2, and 3, A* is a solid block of
brass or other metal, and of circular or other suitable shape and of
sufficient thickness to take in the whole of the acting or moving parts
of the watch aside from the hands between the sides of the said block
or disc, and in this arc bored or counter-bored recesses, cavities, or seats
for the various wheels, pinions, shafts, and other parts comprised in the
works. The number, position, size, and shape of these recesses, cavities,
or seats, as the case may be, must vary with the character or con-
struction of the works. Suitable bridges a* should be extended across
the recesses, cavities, or seats, and countersunk in said block to afford
bearings for the outer ends of the pivots, the inner ends of which are
supported in bearings formed in the block itself at the bottom, so to
speak, of the said recesses and the like.
It will be seen that the recesses conform more or less closely to the
contour of the parts arranged within them, for example (see Figure 1)
the recess or cavity c* to the form of the balance wheel and its
immediate adjuncts, and the recesses f*, g*, *, and the like to other
wheels, pinions, and the like arranged to work therein, it being the
design of this portion of my Invention to provide room in the block for
the various internal moving parts of the watch or timepiece, and at the
same time to have the space between them filled or occupied by metal,

page_text: that is, part of and homogeneous with the block A* itself, the latter
being thus rendered rigid and firm, and holding the bearings of the
wheels, pinions, and the like, and notably of the balance in absolutely
accurate position and relation with each other; in other words, in the
positions in which they are originally placed to secure their most perfect
working in the operation of the watch or timepiece; B* is a plate of
glass corresponding in circumferential contour with the block A*, but
fitted within an annulas m¹ which is applied upon and around the
block A, as represented in Figure 3, thereby bringing the plate B*
upon that side of the block, in or from which the recesses, cavities, and
other parts therein are made, thereby covering said recesses, cavities,
and other parts with the working parts of the watch enclosed, so that
dust, dirt, grit, or other extraneous matter can find no access thereto,
an advantageous result practically impossible with the built up frames.
hitherto in universal use.
Having reference to Figures 4, 5, and 6, A, A, are the balance arms
of the "balance," and upon the outer extremity of each of the arms is
a curved section B, each section being attached at one of its extremities
to the outer end of one of the balance arms A. Each section moreover
is arranged, as nearly as may be, concentric with the axis or pivotal
point a of the balance arms, the two sections forming opposite circum-
ferential portions of the balance considered as a complete device, with
intervals g¹ between them. The sections B are made in the manner
usual for primary compensation so termed, that is to say, of an outer
layer of brass and an inner layer of steel, the two united in a manner
well known in the art of watch manufacture.
It will be well understood that as the brass expands more than the
steel from any increase of temperature its elongation will tend to curve.
the sections inward, thereby bringing their weight, together with that
of their usual adjusting screws, nearer the axis of motion a of the
balance, and decreasing the moment of inertia of the balance, thus
providing a primary compensation for the diminished energy of the
spring caused by the same rise in temperature, but as this compensation
on the part of the sections is not sufficient to counteract the lessened
energy of the spring aforesaid further compensation is essential to
perfect accuracy at all temperatures, and it is for the rectification of
this remaining deficiency that my Invention is designed. Upon the
outer end of each of the balance arms opposite the inner or fixed

page_text: extremity of the adjacent section B is a bow C, each bow being attached
to the end of the arm supporting it by a pivot for other means of
permitting the adjustment of the bow, with its outer or free end at a
greater or less distance from the axis of the balance arm.
The pivot or other joint whereby each bow is secured in place is so
made as to normally hold the bow in any position to which it may be
turned, and yet to permit such turning or adjustment of the bows
around their points of attachment to the balance arms as may be
required. Special appliances may be added for moving the bows in
such adjustment, but to all practical intents and purposes they may be
adjusted with a pair of pliers or the like. Each of the bows is formed
like the sections of a layer of steel united to a layer of brass, but the
layer of brass forms the inner portion of each of the bows, so that a
rise of temperature through the greater expansion of the brass will tend
as it were to straighten the bows. Each bow has its outer or free end
loaded with a large headed screw n, which may be screwed in or out, as
the case may require, to adjust the load to any desired effect or pre-
ponderance upon the aforesaid free end of the bow.
It will be observed that any change in the curvature of the bow from
the straightening thereof, as just set forth, will have the effect of moving
its screw or load n on an arc concentric or nearly so with the pivot f, by
which the bow is attached to the balance arm; in other words, in
directions substantially radial to the axis of the balance, as indicated in
the dotted line y of Figure 4; therefore, if the bows should be adjusted
within the circumferential line of the balance the straightening of the
bows, as described, from an increase of temperature will throw their free
or loaded ends inward toward the axis of the balance, which will diminish
the moment of inertia, and thus by supplementing or adding to the
primary compensation afforded by the sections B will provide an auxiliary
compensation for the irregularity caused by the difference between the
ratio of change in the energy of the spring arising from the same change
in temperature, and inasmuch as the bows may be adjusted upon their
pivots or points of attachment to the balance, and inasmuch as the
'screws n with which they are loaded may be adjusted to give greater
sweep to the free ends of the said bows, the secondary compensation
arising from the action of the bows, as above described, may be readily
made to exactly correct or supply the deficiences of the primary com-
pensation afforded by the sections B. This adjustment of the loading

page_text: screws is secured by turning them to bring their heads at any desired
distance from the extremities of the bows, or by reversing them from
the outer to the inner sides of said bows the position of the latter
together with their loading screws. aforesaid may be fixed in such
relation with the axis of the balance that their auxiliary compensating
action will exactly neutralize the irregularity caused by the difference
in the two ratios as set forth.
The bows may be made of the form represented in the Drawing, or
they may be made the arc of a circle, but must not in any case
exceed a half circle. Of course a diminution of temperature simply
reverses the movement of the bows and insures the same secondary com-
pensating action upon the balance as in the increase of temperature.
It is to be understood of course that the hair or balance spring is applied
to the balance arm in the usual or in any suitable manner and therefore
calls for no special description here.
Having reference now to Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, A* is the frame
herein-before described, and B2 is the main wheel from which in any
suitable manner motion is communicated to the train of the "movement."
This wheel, instead of being in one with the barrel, and formed with
axial bearings placed upon a winding arbour, as is the ordinary practice,
is constructed with an axle a rigid thereon and terminating at each end
in a pivot a', the pivots fitting into bearings a" in the frame A*.
It will be seen that whereas in the axial support of the common main
wheel and barrel the width of the two bearings is limited to the
thickness of the barrel, but the main wheel made with the rigid axle as
in my Invention may have a width of bearing limited only by the
frame A*, and morcover the axle being formed with the pivots a¹ the
same may be jewelled with as great facility as any other of the pivots of
a watch, thus obviating the extreme difficulty hitherto experienced of
jeweling the axial supports of the main wheel and barrel. C is the
barrel, the solid slide c' of which has an axial bearing on the axle a³, the
perimeter of the barrel being concentric or coincident with that of the
main wheel B, as indicated more plainly in Figures 7, S, and 11. In
the edge of the main wheel is a notch c', which forms a shoulder for a
pawl c* upon the circumference of the barrel. Upon the barrel is a
stud. e which when the barrel turns in its normal direction in the

page_text: operation of the movement, bears against the flat side of the projecting
end of the pawl aforesaid, and consequently enables the latter to rotate
the main wheel from the motion of the barrel.
When from the breaking of the mainspring or other cause the motion
of the barrel is reversed, the pawl turns and permits the backward or
reverse movement of the barrel without strain on the main wheel. At
the inner side of the barrel around the axle a² is placed a sleeve or
hollow hub C. This hub having its support wholly in a bearing c³ in
the frame A*, and although surrounding the axle a is intended to be
out of contact therewith. Upon the outer end of this hub is a wheel g.
A bridge m attached to the adjacent face of the frame A* may be used
to keep the hub with its wheel g in place in its position just herein-before
described; D is the mainspring, one end of which is attached to the
hub C¹, and the other to the inner periphery of the barrel, so that by
turning the hub the mainspring may be wound up to furnish motive
power to the barrel, and from it through the main wheel to the train.
The wheel is to be turned by the usual stem winding gear, well
understood by and within the skill of any watchmaker, and therefor
needing no further explanation here.
The construction of the above portion of my apparatus being as
described it is manifest that not only is a wide and stable bearing
afforded to the main wheel, together with facilities for jeweling the
pivots thereof, but that also the winding of the mainspring does not
bring the slightest friction upon the axle a², the friction being borne
entirely by the hollow hub as it works in its bearing, and that great
stability and permanence is secured to the main wheel, and consequently
to the train or other working parts dependent upon the said wheel.
This result would be secured if the main wheel was in one piece with
the barrel, but it is preferred to hair the said two parts made and con-
nected as shown in the Drawing, in order that a reversed movement of
the barrel may not strip the teeth from the main wheel or otherwise
injure the same.
In Figures 12, 13, 14, and 15, A³ is the locking bar pivoted at a³
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page_text: 4
it the locking pallet C³, the said pallet being at an angle to the length of
the locking bar, as shown in Figure 13, and preferably having the stone.
or hardened steel tongue a at its extremity to diminish the friction of
the aforesaid pallet when in contact with the teeth of the scape wheel.
The opposite free or vibrating portion of the locking bar is furnished
with a lateral arm b, the said arm being at a slight but appreciable
distance from the extremity of the bar, the said extremity of the bar
being notched or recessed to permit the passage through it of the free
outer end c of a trip spring c³.
trip spring c³. This trip spring, instead of being
arranged as in the old or ordinary chronometer escapement, is attached
to the outer end of the arm b, and extends at an angle more or less
acute to the length of the locking bar, with its extremity c* passing
into and through the recess in the end of the latter, the aforesaid
extremity of the trip spring being turned into a position parallel
with the locking bar, shown more clearly in Figure 15, to provide
a lip or bearing for the action of the trip pallet, as hereinafter
explained. Upon the pivoted end of the locking bar is provided the
counterpoise arm d, and a spring e is arranged to press the locking
pallet C³ inward to the teeth of the scape wheel. D is the balance staff
upon which disposed in the usual manner are the hair spring F and the
balance wheel G. I is the trip pallet extending several times the
distance from the axial line of the balance staff usual with the trip
pallet of the old or ordinary chronometer escapement. K is the
impulse pallet arranged in relation with the teeth of the scape wheel in
the usual manner.
In the operation of the escapement the movement of the balance
staff D in the direction of the arrow in Figure 13 causes the trip pallet
I to impinge upon the lip or free end c* of the trip spring c³, and
thereby to swing the locking bar until the locking pallet Cs is brought
clear of the adjacent tooth of the scape wheel B³, thereby permitting
the movement of the latter through the space of one tooth, as required
in the operation of the works, the trip pallet being finally brought clear
of the spring c³ aforesaid by the separation of its arc from that of the
locking bar, and this in time to permit the locking pallet to catch upon
the next succeeding tooth of the scape wheel.
In the opposite or return movement of the trip pallet I the spring c³

page_text: the end of the locking bar, but in an are described-from-the axis of
motion or point of attachment of the said spring on or to the arm b
indicated, for example, at f', in Figures 13 and 14; in other words, in a
direction more or less radial to the axis of motion of the locking bar,
or, as it were, directly away from the trip pallet. By these means the
trip pallet is enabled to come back to its place behind the free end of
the spring Os almost instantaneously, so that only a very slight portion
of the arc of vibration of the balance wheel is required to reinstate the
trip pallet for a repetition of its action upon the locking bar, and in the
same proportion the danger of stopping during such portion of the arc
of vibration is reduced, and the friction of the trip pallet upon the trip
spring is to a very great extent avoided.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the-
same, I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. The balance constructed with the adjustable auxiliary bows B
adjustably loaded as above described and for the purpose set forth.
Second. The hollow hub C', having an independent bearing c³ con-
structed with the wheel g, and arranged around the axle a² of the main
wheel B² in combination with the mainspring D and barrel C², as above
described and for the purpose set forth.
Third. The main wheel B³, having the axle a² formed rigidly thereon,
and constructed with the pivots a¹ in combination with the mainspring
actuating said wheel, whereby increased stability and steadiness are
given to the wheel, and provision is made for jeweling the pivots a³, as
above set forth.
Fourth. The main wheel and winding device comprising the hollow
hub C, having an independent bearing c, and constructed with the
wheel g, the main wheel B2, having the axle as formed rigidly thereon,
and constructed with the pivots a¹, the mainspring D, and the barrel C²
locking with the main wheel by a pawl or click c* combined and
operating as above described and for the purpose set forth.
Fifth. The locking bar A³, having at one end the arm b carrying the
trip spring c³ at an acute angle to the said bar, and at the other provided
with the locking pallet Cs in combination with the trip pallet I, impulse" a

page_text: pallet K, and scape wheel B³, the whole arranged for operation as above
described and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof I, the said William Robert Lake, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-six.
Witness,
HENRY L. BAILEY,
8, Southampton Buildings, .
London.
W. ROBT. LAKE. (L.S.)