matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
In- PROVEMENTS IN WINDHILLS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Vincent at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
November 1874.
I, CHARLES VINCENT, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN WINDHILLS," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to the machinery employed for adjusting the
sails or blades of a windmill to the direction of the wind, and consists in
the application of mechanical contrivances for jambing or locking the
same in such adjusted position, when necessary.
Instead of the horizontal disc or edge toothed wheel now commonly
used to carry the sails or blades' shaft, and being made to rotate or turn
upon a stationary table, ring, or disc by the aid of a horizontal lever or
shaft, or a pinion, or worm, as the case may be, I employ a horizontal
cog or screw wheel, or circular cog, or screw cap constructed as herein-
after described, and rotating or turning upon a circular stationary surface
plate, disc, or ring, and driven by a spur wheel or worm in the ordinary
WAY

page_text: The horizontal cog or screw wheel, or circular cog, or screw cap is
constructed with a continuous groove made in the face, coming into
contact with the stationary surface plate, disc, or ring, and which groove
is narrower at the orifice than within the wheel or cap.
The rim or periphery of the cog, or screw wheel, or circular screw, or 1
cog cap may be flanged or extended so as to cover and contain the
stationary surface plate, disc, or ring.
I place within the continuous groove of the wheel or cap an easily
fitting screw bolt or wedge, which passes through the stationary surface
plate, disc, or ring, or several of such screw bolts or wedges, by means of
which I may jamb or lock the wheel or cap when adjusted in any
required position.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE REVOLUTIONS OF STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINERY IN MOTION
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wimshurst at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the 19th
May 1874.
I, JAMES WIMSHURST, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Surveyor of Shipping, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE REVOLUTIONS
OF STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINERY IN MOTION," to be as follows:-
This Invention, which relates to an improved method and means of
indicating the velocity or speed of the revolutions of various parts of
steam and other engines and machinery whilst in motion, consists in
utilizing the centrifugal and centripedal forces of a rotating or revolving
mass of mercury or other suitable fluid so as to obtain a constant
indication upon or against a scale or dial plate by means of an improved
instrument or apparatus constructed with a vertical spindle to which
rotary motion is or may be imparted by wheelwork, bands, or other
equivalent means, and to or upon which are fixed two or more tubes
or reservoirs branching horizontally therefrom and terminating in
vertical columns, midway between which latter and in line with the axis
of the spindle a vertical glass tube is connected at its lower end with

page_text: a cavity or passage communicating with the mass of mercury or other
fluid which is contained in the horizontal tubes and which may be made
capable of adjustment to allow of the flow of the fluid being regulated
if required.
When the machine and this apparatus are in motion the said fluid
will, from its tendency to fly from the centre, rise in the vertical columns
and fall in the central or glass tube, and the speed or velocity of the
revolutions is indicated and may be ascertained at any time by glancing
at the height of the central column of mercury or other fluid, the tube
containing which is suitably graduated or marked, or has a graduated
card, index, scale, or dial plate placed behind or alongside it.
When the velocity or speed is required to be indicated at more places
than one a float may be used to carry a light rod with points or marks
attached so as to register, as several indices, or a succession of such arms,
reservoirs, and indices may be fixed on the same spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF GAS AND THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to The Reverend Granville Hamilton Forbes, of
Broughton Rectory, in the County of Northampton, Clerk in Holy
Orders, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF
GAS AND THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL.”
Sealed the 14th July 1874, and dated the 17th January 1874.

page_text: In carrying my Invention into practice I combine quicklime or chalk,
or limestone, or quicklime and chalk or limestone, or quicklime and
chalk and limestone with tar or similar bituminous substance, in such
a manner as to form a powder which I use instead of lime or in addition
to it in the purifier. After its removal from the purifier the said com-
pound is capable of being used for making artificial fuel. If necessary it
may be combined with a further quantity of tar, and when desired it
may be formed into blocks or pieces of convenient size and shape. After
being burnt it may be, when necessary, mixed with quicklime and used
again in the purification of gas.
I prefer that the above specified substances should be combined in
about the proportion of from five to seven pounds of the tar or other
bituminous substance to one hundredweight of the chalk or limestone
or lime.
These proportions are formed to give very advantageous
results, but may be varied within certain limits if desirable.
In- PROVEMENTS IN WEAVING VELVETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Norton and Henry
Hellawell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th January 1874.
We, THOMAS NORTON, of Cattlehurst Mills, near Huddersfield, and
HENRY Hellawell, of Kitchenroyds, Denby Dale, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN WEAVING VELVETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving velvets
and other piled fabrics, and in apparatus employed therein.
In weaving velvets it is usual to raise the pile warp over grooved
wires or rods, and afterwards a knife is run along in the groove of the
wire or rod, which dividing the warp thread forms the cut pile of the
fabric. Such wires or rods are difficult to make, and they are necessarily
made so thick as to be inconvenient in use.
According to this Invention I form each wire or rod of two thin steel
blades fixed or held together at their ends only.

page_text: The warp threads which are lapped over the rods keep the two blades,
of which each wire or rod is composed, in close contact, so that they
occupy but little space in the loom, and the inconvenience to the weaver
arising from the excessive thickness of the wires or rods hitherto
employed is obviated. For the purpose of cutting the pile however the
blades admit of a slender knife being freely passed between them.
The knife is made with a shoulder which rides on the upper edges of
the blades, and so prevents the edge penetrating to the back of the
fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF THE FOUL OR REFUSE LIME OF GAS WORKS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Granville Hamilton Forbes, Clerk in Holy Orders,
Rector of Broughton, in the County of Northampton, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF THE FOUL OR REFUSE
LIME OF GAS WORKS."
Sealed the 16th October 1874, and dated the 22nd April 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Granville Hamilton
Forbes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 22nd April 1874.
I, GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES, Clerk in Holy Orders, Rector of
Broughton, in the County of Northampton, do hereby declare the naturo
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF THE FOUL OR
REFUSE LIME OF GAS WORKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements upon a former Invention for
which Provisional Protection was granted to me dated the 6th day of

page_text: April 1874 (No. 1200), entitled "A New or Improved Method of
Utilizing the Foul Lime of Gas Works."
According to the said former Invention I subject the foul lime of gas
works in the first instance to the process of dry distillation in a retort or
other similar receptacle, and when desirable I pass the volatile products
of distillation through oxide of iron or its equivalent for the purpose of
catching the sulphur or sulphur compounds.
According to my present Invention I subject the foul or refuse lime
of gas works to the process of dry or destructive distillation in a retort
or other suitable receptacle, and pass the volatile products of distillation
through water into a receiver for the purpose of condensing the vapor
of sulphur; I thus obtain sulphur. The gases that remain may then be
passed through oxide of iron or its equivalent. I afterwards proceed
according to either method described in the Specification of my former
Invention as regards the products of distillation left in the retort or
other receptacle, and apply the material obtained by burning the said
products to the purpose of purifying gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY CARS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grantham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
April 1874.
I, JOHN GRANTHAM, of 17, King's Arms Yard, in the City of London,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY CARS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the application of what is known as the
bogie frame and wheels to one end of my patent steam car for tramways,
in such a manner as to enable me to steer the car, and to avoid the
necessity of movable switches on the rails when turning into sidings or
branch lines, also to apply an apparatus by which the car may be made
to leave the rails when an obstruction arises, and to get on to the rails
again when the car runs off them.
The bogie consists of a square frame underneath one end of the car
and attached to it by a strong pin or swivel, and under which frame are
four wheels, the object being to enable the car to run more freely round
sharp curves.

page_text: To the front of the bogie frame I attach a pole as in a four-wheeled
carriage; this pole extends under the platform of the car to where the
conductor or driver stands, and at the end of this pole is attached a
quadrant having either a pitched chain worked by a pulley or a toothed
rack worked by a pinion; to the pulley or pinion is attached an upright
shaft by which the man can work the quadrant when coming to a siding,
and thus turn the car in the direction required. To the same bogie on
each side of it, and between the four wheels I apply an axle and two
small wheels without flanges. These are generally suspended about an
inch from the rails. To the axle boxes of the axle are attached powerful
screws like an ordinary screw jack, which being turned by a lever out-
side the car cause these wheels to move downwards, and to press on the
rails until the flanges of the running wheels are lifted out of the grooves,
in this condition the car resting on the two plain wheels can run
independently of the rails, and by using the steering apparatus it can be
made to turn like an ordinary four-wheeled carriage.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE RAFT PROPELLER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis William Jelf at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st April 1874.
LOUIS WILLIAM JELF, of Caerdeon, Dolgelley, Merionethshire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PORTABLE RAFT PROPELLER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the dispensing with manual labour in
the propulsion of rafts. To effect this object I proceed as follows:-I
construct a staging or platform and mount the rear end thereof upon
wheels furnished with an ordinary axle and shafts to enable it to be
drawn by a horse, and to the front or body thereof I attach a raised deck
supported on wheels to raise it to a corresponding height with the after
part. In the centre of such raised deck I attach a piston shaft working
on a crank, and passing through a guide rest at its extreme end. Such
piston shaft and crank are set in motion by means of a donkey engine
placed on the platform constructed in the rear of the raised deck before
described, and connected by suitable tackle and gearing to such piston
shaft. Attached to the piston shaft on either side about midway are

page_text: two movable metal bars running parallel with it, and to each of such
movable bars are attached two metal sockets into which are secured the
ends of two wooden poles, such poles being connected to a stout
wooden horizontal bar provided with 5 or more sculls; the wooden poles
before mentioned pass through rowlocks which are secured to a wooden
framing surrounding the piston shaft, and attached to the sides of the
before-mentioned deck. To the end of this wooden framing is attached
a rudder worked by cords and tackle, connected with a steering wheel in
the raised deck before described, and by means of such rudder the raft is
propelled in any desired direction.
For raising the wooden framing when not in use to any convenient
angle, I provide an endless screw worked by a wheel furnished with
spokes similar to those employed in the helm of a ship's rudder, such
screw and wheel being connected by any ordinary means to the wooden
framing, and causing it to rise as the wheel is revolved.
In order also to apply a brake when going down any incline, I provide
another wheel by revolving which a brake is applied to the wheels in
front of the body of the machine, and so regulates the impetus of their
velocity.
IMPROVEMENTS- IN MEANS FOR REDUCING THE FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE TO THE MOVEMENTS OF SLIDE VALVES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Henry Oclee and
James Woodcock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 11th May 1874.
We, FREDERICK HENRY OCLEE, of Swinton, in the County of Lan-
caster, and JAMES WOODCOCK, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS-
IN MEANS FOR REDUCING THE FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE TO THE MOVEMENTS OF SLIDE
VALVES," to be as follows:--
Our Invention relates principally to the slide valves of steam engines
and locomotives, and has for its object to enable the movements of such
valves to be effected with a less expenditure of power, and thereby to
effect to some extent an economy in the consumption of fuel, and also
to reduce the wear and tear of certain parts of the apparatus. To this
end we support the slide valve upon rollers, and we form surfaces on the
said valve to rest upon the said rollers and other surfaces upon the valve
face of the steam cylinder for the rollers to roll upon, the parts being
so adjusted as that the valve shall clear the said valve face to an
AN IMPROVED VENTILATING AND WARMING APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th January 1874.-A communication from abroad by Andrew
Gormly Myers, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED VENTILATING AND WARMING
APPARATUS," a communication, to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to a novel, cheap, and simple apparatus for
effecting the supply of fresh air to the rooms of dwelling houses and
other rooms or apartments and for warming or heating the same in a
convenient and comfortable manner.
The said apparatus is constructed as follows:-It has a concave or
dished portion formed of metal or earthenware over which is placed a
jacket or cover of metal or other suitable material. This concave or
dished portion and the jacket are so constructed and fitted together that
there is a space left between them all around and above the said concave

page_text: portion. The said jacket which rises above the concave portion is
dome shaped, with perforations around the lower part of its periphery,
where it rests on a flange formed around the lower periphery of the said
concave portion. It also has at the top an opening from which a tube
or neck projects, on this tube or neck I fit a tube or pipe which is
extended through a window or wall of the room or apartment to be
ventilated. The said tube is provided with a damper or regulator of any
suitable form whereby the admission of air through the opening in the
top of the jacket may be regulated as desired, or the said opening may
be entirely closed.
The said apparatus may be placed over a gas or other burner, or over
any suitable heater, in such a position that the concave or dished
portion of the apparatus will be properly exposed to the heat of the
same. The fresh air entering through the aforesaid tube will pass down
into the jacket and over the top of the said concave portion and will
issue from the perforations in the jacket into the room or apartment.
I prefer that the top of the said concave portion should be provided with
projecting pieces of metal or other material arranged to form curved
passages which retard the exit of the air and cause it to issue more
uniformly through the perforations in the aforesaid jacket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE INDICATING AND ALARM APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Trash at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
August 1874.
I, FREDERICK Trasu, of Bath, in the County of Somerset, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE
INDICATING AND ALARM APPARATUS," to be as follows: -
This Invention consists of a cord running through a building, cither
on pulleys or otherwise, such being in parts and such parts secured
by cement or similar material that will when a fire takes dissolve.
To the lower or other part of this building the cord connected by means
of the cements runs, the end of cord being formed with a weight or
other convenient mechanism.
When the heat in a room on fire has reached such a degree as to
dissolve the cement, the cord falls and the weight (or other convenient
substitute) at the end falls through a cylinder or case of metal on to
(in the case of small buildings) a percussion cap which sets fire to any
convenient alarm apparatus, such as a loud sounding cracker or such
like, and also to a bell.

page_text: In the case of large buildings the weight on end of cord falls on to a
cap on a cannon or gun, and the charge is thereby discharged and alarm
given.
Instead of a cannon, by suitable connection a bell, either electric or
otherwise, may be used, so that when the weight falls the bell is set
ringing, and in case of bells of suitable construction is kept ringing till
stopped.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR ORNAMENTATION OF BUTTONS, STUDS, LOCKETS, BROOCHES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th December 1874.-A. communication from abroad by Gustavo
Henri Ulmann, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR ORNAMENTATION
OF BUTTONS, STUDS, LOCKETS, BROOCHES, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of all
kinds of buttons and studs for articles of dress, lockets, sleeve links,
scarf pins, brooches, bracelets, necklaces, knobs of canes, umbrellas,
sunshades, and riding whips,, studs or ornaments for articles of leather,
furnitures, clocks, chandeliers, toys, and ornaments in imitation of
porcelain or china and used for other ornamental and decorative purposes,
whereby an entirely novel class of products is obtained.

page_text: articles above mentioned. I take a flat or concave disc, similar to a
watch glass for example, of glass, mica, gelatine, or other transparent
material, and apply by means of some adhesive matter a photographic
subject on paper cut out around the outlines upon its inner surface, the
back being then filled in with with mastic or a bituminous or other cement
or resin of black or other color, forming a ground. The photographic
picture being visible through the glass, mica, gelatine, or other
transparent covering will appear as if forming part of the filling. A
metal back having a shank, pin, or other means of attachment is then
fixed to the mastic or other filling, according to the purposes to which it
is to be applied.
Instead of a photograph an engraving on paper may be substituted,
which would present the appearance of being graven in jet, marble, or
precious stones, according to the color of the mastic, cement, resin, or
other plastic composition of which the backing is composed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR MEASURING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Fisher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
May 1874.
I, DAVID FISHER, of Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN METERS FOR MEASURING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Improvements relate to meters on a rotary principle by which
water or other fluids will not be liable to pass through the meter without
registering as is now commonly the case.
The following is an example of my said Invention :—I construct a
circular box or cylinder with an inlet and outlet. Inside the said box
or cylinder I place two pinions or wheels of the same thickness as the
depth of the box or cylinder aforesaid, and of such diameter that when
gearing into each other the teeth of each of these pinions situated in a
diametrical position to those in gear shall always be in contact with the
inside periphery of the box, thereby dividing the said box into two parts;
and in order to obtain as near as possible a perfect seal, between the
sides of the box and the pinions I place a strip of soft metal at the parts
19

page_text: where the said pinions or wheels come in contact therewith. The afore-
said pinions I propose to construct of any suitable metal or material, but
I prefer to construct them of ebonite. The spindle of one of the
aforesaid pinions passes through the cover of the box or cylinder and
terminating with a screw, so that when it revolves it shall communicate
its motion to a train of wheels for working a counter or indicator, which
registers the number of revolutions of the pinions.
When the water arrives in the circular box or cylinder it will cause
the pinions to revolve outwardly, that is to say, in a direction going
from the centre of the box to the periphery thereof, the water flowing in
the same direction and the quantity being always duly registered by a
counting apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT
Year: 1874

page_text: '
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Granville Hamilton Forbes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th August 1874.
I, GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES, of Broughton Rectory, in the
County of Northampton, Clerk in Holy Orders, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CEMENT," to be as follows:-
My present Invention is an improvement upon the Invention for
which I made application for Letters Patent July 7th, A.D. 1874, No.
2374. According to the said former Invention I intimately combine
coke or its equivalent with chalk and clay with or without tar for the
purpose of manufacturing cement.
According to my present Invention I intimately combine coke or coke
breeze or an equivalent of the same, or coal or coal dust with chalk, or
limestone, or quicklime, with or without tar for the purpose of manu-
facturing cement.
In carrying out my present Invention I proceed as follows:-I grind
the chalk, or limestone, or quicklime together with the coke or coke

page_text: breeze, or an equivalent of the same, or coal, or coal dust in a mortar
mill, or in any other suitable machine with sufficient water to mix the
two substances intimately. The compound is dried and afterwards
subjected to calcination. It is then reduced to a fine powder and is
ready for use as cement. When used it is mixed with water.
The proportions that I employ are such as to give in the calcined
compound about the same results as those obtained in the manufacture
of Portland cement. The proportions will vary according to the nature
of the ash of the coke or coke breeze or equivalent which is employed
in the process.
I may sometimes use tar or similar bituminous substance in com-
bination with the above specified materials. The compound of chalk,
and coke or coke breeze or equivalent after being dried is placed in the
tar or similar bituminous substance, and allowed to remain until it has
absorbed sufficient of the liquid for my purpose. It is then burnt as
before described.
I prefer to use that coke or coke breeze or an equivalent of the
same, or coal or coal dust which contain the least proportion of sulphur,
though I do not confine myself to the use of only this kind of coke; yet
I wish it understood that the silica and alumina are the constituents of
the ash of the coke or coke breeze or equivalent which I consider
'essential to my purpose, and that the less sulphur there is in the coke,
the better it is adapted to the purposes of my Invention. I prefer
however to have a certain proportion of oxide of iron in the ash of the
coke or coke breeze or equivalent.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CLEANING TIN PLATES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Griffiths at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1874.
I, LEWIS GRIFFITHS, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan, Engine
Fitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR CLEANING TIN PLATES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a machine which will
rapidly and efficiently clean the surfaces of tin plates after they have
left the bath. To this end I employ an arrangement of rotary brushes
for acting upon both sides of the plates at the same time, which plates
are passed between the brushes by means of nipping rollers. By
preference I use two pairs of cylindrical brushes, over which hoppers or
bins are placed for supplying clean bran thereto. The pairs of rollers
are respectively enclosed in a continuation of these hoppers, and below
the rollers are bins for receiving the waste bran. In front of the first
pair of brushes is a pair of feed rolls, which receives from a grid or
platform the plates to be cleaned, and passes them between the first pair
of rotary brushes, which are rotated at a greater speed than the feed
rolls. Between the pairs of brushes is a second pair of rolls, which pass

page_text: the plates forward as they are partially cleaned by the first pair of
brushes to the second pair, and then by their rapid rotation complete the
cleaning operation. Beyond this second pair of brushes is a pair of
delivery rolls, which take hold of the plates and discharge them on to a
grid or platform prepared to receive them. The hoppers are provided
with slide valves for regulating the supply of bran to the brushes, and
below the brushes are throttle valves for regulating the discharge of the
waste bran to the bins below.
To prevent the waste bran escaping through the openings prepared for
the passage of the plates, hinged wipers are provided with back pressure
springs, which will bear upon the plates and keep back the bran within
the trunk of the hoppers.
AN IMPROVED PNEUMATIC APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Weller Richardson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th November 1874.
I, GEORGE WELLER RICHARDSON, of Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PNEUMATIC APPARATUS," to be' as follows (that is to
say) :-
My Invention has for its object the construction and employment of
improved mechanism for discharging foul or vitiated air or gases from
between the decks of vessels, or conveying currents of air to or from the
holds of ships and giving ventilation thereto, as also to buildings, mines,
caissons, or other confined places by a more perfect and uniform system
than hitherto, and consists in mounting a cylinder or cylinders either
vertically or horizontally upon a frame or bed plate suitably arranged for
single or double action with induction and eduction pipes or passages
leading from the place to be ventilated, and the pipe or shaft through
which the air is conducted away; for the above object the cylinder is
provided with a piston worked longitudinally by a slotted cross head
and connecting rod moving vertically in guides so as to be readily put in

page_text: motion, and exhaust or force the air through the medium of suitable
valves for preventing the return of the air or gases to or from the
cylinders during the reciprocating action of the same, which may be
driven by a descending weight, spring, wind or water mills, or other
means in conjunction with which arrangement sea horns or trumpets for
giving alarm in fogs may be fitted and employed to the valve pipes
through which the air or gases is discharged, and a constant interchange
of pure air for ventilation and for blast furnaces is effected and
maintained in a permanent or portable form of apparatus as above
described.
AN IMPROVED VAGINAL SPECULUM
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Diedrich Pape at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th July 1874.
I, ERNEST DIEDRICH PAPE, of New York, in the United States of
America, Physician and Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED VAGINAL SPECULUM," to be as follows:-
My improved speculum has the form of a duck bill, the upper part
or blade of the bill projecting over the under. The point of the upper
blade forms the reflector, but the remainder of the blade, starting, say
about an inch from the tip, is open to facilitate medicinal applications, the
lower blade being solid in its entire length. The back part of the upper
blade is bent at right angles and attached to a horizontal bar or plate,
forming handle, at the other end of which is hinged the tail of the lower
blade, and this horizontal bar or plate is traversed by a curved screw,
one end of which passes into the tail of the lower blade, or half of the
duck bill, the other end being furnished with a nut by which the
opening of the instrument may be regulated and maintained.

page_text: The instrument being introduced into the vagina, the upper blade
being open two-thirds of its entire length facilitates medicinal application
and surgical operations, the remaining portion of the upper blade being
closed, acting as a reflector, and at the same time confining the upper
portion of the vagina in a non-obstructive position.
A simple pressure of the hand spreads the instrument and expands
the vagina to any desirable extent, and it is held in position at the
pleasure of the operator by the adjustment of the curved screw attached
to the handle.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FINGER-BOARDS, SUITABLE FOR PIANOFORTES, ORGANS, HARMONIUMS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Chatwin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
February 1874.
I, HENRY CHATWIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FINGER-BOARDS, SUITABLE FOR PIANOFORTES, ORGANS,
HARMONIUMS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows (that is to
say):-
My Invention consists in covering and finishing the exposed parts of
the keys of pianofortes and other instruments before named with mother-
of-pearl, distinguishing the flats and sharps by light or dark colored
figured shell, or by using mother-of-pearl for the one and tortoiseshell
for the other for the sake of contrast, by which means much brilliancy
and elegance is imparted to the finger-board of pianos or other like
instruments to which my improvements are applicable, such as organs or
harmoniums.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Steers and George
Frederick Druce at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 9th May 1874.
We, ROBERT STEERS, of No. 127, Grosvenor Park, Camberwell, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman, and GEORGE FREDERICK DRUCE, of
Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of
HORSE-SHOES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in making horse-shoes either of leather,
gutta percha, or a compound of gutta percha and sand, grit, gravel,
granite, Derbyshire spar, emery, or other similar substance, or any two
or more of such substances.
The shoe is formed or shaped from the material employed by cutting,
stamping, punching, moulding, or other similar means according to the
material used.
If necessary or desirable the shoe may be of two or more thicknesses

page_text: The shoe may be fixed to the hoof by nails which are to be counter-
sunk, and hence no iron or other metal will touch the ground; or the
shoe may be fixed to the hoof by any suitable adhesive compound and
nails dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO VENETIAN AND ROLLER BLINDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert George Stubbs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th August 1874.
I, ROBERT GEORGE STUBBS, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO VENETIAN AND ROLLER BLINDS,"
to be as follows :-
My improvements in Venetian blinds cousist in applying a roller at
the top of the blind, the axles of which lic in suitable bearings at each
end, the grove of a pulley secured on one end of the roller is of much
smaller diameter than the roller, which has two or more holes through
which are passed the cords for drawing up the blind slats, a cord is
passed round and lies in the grove of the pulley, one end of this cord is
passed through a loop or bracket of metal which carries a tumbler
wedge. To wind up the blind this cord is pulled down while held
nearly perpendicular, and when the blind has been raised to the requisite

page_text: height the cord is raised towards an horizontal position and released,
which causes the tumbler wedge to fly in and clip the cord fast until
released by a downward pull.
I apply the same apparatus except the cords for raising the slats to
which causes the tumbler wedge to fly in and clip the cord fast until
released by a downward pull.
I apply the same apparatus except the cords for raising the slats to
Toller blinds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: ::
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Roberts and William
Wigfull at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 9th July 1874.
We, ALBERT ROBERTS and WILLIAM WIGFULL, both of Sheffield,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as
follows
Our Invention relates to the cutting parts of reaping & mowing
machines, and has for its object the obtaining a better adjustment of
the bottom cutters and increased facilities for effecting their removal
for the purpose of sharpening and repairs, and their replacement without
the aid of skilled labor.
In order to effect these objects we employ a bar or "back" of steel or
other suitable material of a suitable size and of sufficient length to
receive all the bottom cutters, which are attached to the top side of the
bar or back by screws or rivets or otherwise at a distance corresponding
to that of the fingers, there being one cutter to each finger.

page_text: We prefer to make the cutters of such a shape that they will fit one
against another, thus forming as it were a continuous bottom cutter
from one end of the bar or back to the other. They are also made
wider than the fingers so as to overhang or project a short distance on
each side thereof.
The fingers are provided with a recess or groove near the finger beam
for the reception of the bar or "back" carrying the cutters, so that when
in working position such bar or back lies in the recess or groove, and is
maintained in its place by screws or otherwise, the bottom cutters
lyeing in the usual space formed for them in the fingers, where they
may be further secured by the points fitting into a recess or by other
similar means.
When the top knives are attached to the under side of the reciprocating
bar in lieu of on the top side we form a long groove or recess on the
edge of the finger beam for the reception of the bar or back carrying
the bottom cutters which lies therein, so that such bottom cutters will
be on the same level as the top of the finger beam. This arrangement
admits of the whole of the bottom cutters being ground across to a flat
surface with greater facility than when each cutter is fitted separately
to a finger. Moreover when it is required to sharpen the cutters it is
simply necessary to remove the holding screws when the bar or
"back
with the whole of the cutters may be withdrawn, the cutters sharpened,
and the whole replaced in position with accuracy and despatch and
without the aid of skilled labour.
"
It is obvious that the details may be modified in various ways
IMPROVEMENTS IN Drum PROTECTORS AND FEEDING APPARATUS FOR THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Marshall, of Gainsborough, in the County
of Lincoln, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN Drum
PROTECTORS AND FEEDING APPARATUS FOR THRASHING MACHINES.”
Sealed the 21st August 1874, and dated the 20th May 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Marshall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th May 1874.
I, JAMES MARSHALL, of Gainsborough, in the County of Lincoln,
5 Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN DRUM PROTECTORS AND FEEDING APPARATUS FOR THRASHING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
-
The object of the first part of these improvements is to supply a
means for the better protection of the drums of thrashing machines, and

page_text: at the same time facilitate the operation of feeding by manual labor.
In order to accomplish these objects I provide a hopper over the drum
of the machine arranged so that it can be fed above the stage or plat-
form and the grain passed in at back, front, or either side, as may suit
the attendant or position of stack. The whole apparatus is made to
disconnect and fold over on the top of the machine when the latter is
packed up for travelling.
The second part of these improvements relates to a mechanical feeding
apparatus for thrashing machines, and consists of a hopper fixed over
the thrashing drum on the upper part of which is fixed a regulating feed
board on to which the cord is thrown. From this board it falls in front
of an oscillating fork which passes the corn down between two rollers
into the drum, one of these rollers is fitted with prongs or teeth and the
other roller with longitudinal ribs.
The third part of these improvements also relates to a mechanical
feeding apparatus for thrashing machines, but differs from the above in
the arrangement of the internal mechanism in the hopper, which on this
plan consists of a regulating feed board fixed in the upper part from
which the corn drops on to an oscillating tip, from which it is passed by
the motion of the latter on to a curved plate (serrated or otherwise),
from which it is drawn by a single or double set of teeth into the
thrashing drum. Motion is imparted to this set or sets of teeth by
means of a crank or other mechanical contrivance, which also gives the
requisite oscillating motion to the tip board above named.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO LADDERS AND FIRE ESCAPES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hawkings at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th June 1874.
I, WILLIAM HAWKINGS, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR APPLICABLE TO LADDERS AND FIRE ESCAPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved means and apparatus for raising
or clongating ladders when it is desired to attain to a great height, and
consists in forming them telescopically and in the following manner :-
A series or number of ladders are employed, and the various "lengths "
are made of different sizes or widths, and with cither single or double
rows of rings; the width of the ladders being such that the ladders of the
lesser width may slide or work within or upon the larger ones. At the
foot of the largest ladder are shoulders or bearings in which is mounted
a drum, and at the top of cach of the ladders pulleys are provided.
Ropes fastened to the foot of the smaller ladders are passed over the
pulleys at the top of the next larger ladder, and thence to the drum;
and to the head of the smallest or top ladder two wheels or rollers are
fastened. When the ladder is to be raised the wheels or rollers at the

page_text: head of the ladder are placed against the wall of the building and the
ladder is raised by turning the drum to which the ropes are secured.
When used as a fire escape a carriage is employed for carrying the
ladder, and the wheels of the carriage may be employed to gear with
adjustable pinion and toothed wheel for turning the drum and raising
the ladder. A shoot is also attached to an adjustable bracket by ropes
rove through pulley blocks secured to the bracket, which bracket is
secured to the top of the ladder and elevated with the ladder and the
shoot; or the shoot is raised after the ladder by means of the said
ropes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UNCOLORED AND COLORED YARNS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kennedy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th June 1874:
I, WILLIAM KENNEDY, of York Street Mill, Belfast, Ireland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF UNCOLORED AND COLORED YARNS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to treat flax and tow sliver or rove
as to facilitate the production of yarns of any desired color therefrom
during the spinning process.
The Invention I propose to carry out in connection with what are
known as hot water spinning frames, wherein the "rove" or lightly
twisted sliver is subjected to the action of hot water to dissolve the gum
(which holds the fibres together) and allow of the same being drawn.
It has repeatedly been attempted to dye flax and similar yarns during
the spinning process, but the application of the coloring matter has
bitherto taken place after the drawing has taken place, and it has not
been attended with "satisfactory results, I now propose to remedy the

page_text: defects heretofore experienced by applying the coloring matter to the
fibre during the passage of the " rove" through the hot water trough, so
that it takes effect when the fibre is most susceptible to the action of
the dye stuffs. By coloring the fibre at this stage when it is in a hot
solution I am enabled to use simple and cheap dyes that would other-
wise be inapplicable to give the result.
In the production of what are known as green or unbleached yarns
from the flax fibre great difficulty has been experienced in obtaining the
exact color, and great care has to be exercised in mixing the various
colors of fibres to secure the desired "shade," and very often the cost of
the flax required to give this is so great that it is cheaper to " sour" or
re cream "the yarns made from a cheaper fibre. By this Invention how-
ever the shade desired can be obtained by simple and easily controlled
means, and can be checked or tested at any time so that a uniform color
is secured. To this end I put into the hot water spinning trough, say, a
solution of brown silicate of. soda or equivalent chemical substance, and
I thereby bring up a low shade of bleach or cream, or I give to dark
fibres a French or foxy shade, as may be desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING RAILWAY ACCIDENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert MacLean at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
January 1874.
I, ROBERT MACLEAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING RAILWAY ACCIDENTS," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to simple and casily applicable means for pre-
venting railway accidents, and consists in arranging on a locomotive or
other suitable part of a train apparatus to be acted on by an instrument
on the railway so as to give a danger signal that will appeal to the
hearing of the engine driver or guard.
An important part of the improved apparatus is a recording indicator,
which whilst confirming the sound signal on being looked at will afford
positive proof of the signal having been made, and so prevent any
dispute or uncertainty afterwards arising as to that fact.
The improved apparatus may be used in combination with the ordinary
semaphore signal, or separately. In the former case the wire or rod for

page_text: •
working the semaphore signal is to be connected by a wire or rod to a
lever or arm mounted near the rails in such a way that when the
semaphore is set at danger the said lever or arm will also be set so as to
project in the way of a lever connected with the apparatus fitted on the
locomotive or other part of the train.
The apparatus on the train is arranged according to any suitable form
of the numerous known kinds of alarm apparatus so as to sound a bell,
gong, or other sound producer by the action of its lever on the latter
encountering the arm or lever on the railway.
The recording indicator comprises a casing which can be locked up,
but which has a glass covered aperture or dial showing plainly the
change of position of a pointer fitted in connection with the sound alarm
so as to move to a position corresponding to "danger" when the sound
alarm is acted upon. This movement of the pointer may be effected by
a weight or spring on the release of a catch arranged so that the pointer
cannot be restored to its neutral position excepting on unlocking the
door of the casing.
The lever or arm to be set on the railway may if preferred be fitted so
as to be operated on independently of any semaphore signal, namely, by
means of separate wires or rods, or it may be arranged to be set directly
by hand, and at any part of the line.