Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Feb., 1899-Accepted, 15th Apr., 1899
I, ARTHUR EDWARD DOWELL, 607, 7th Street, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., Law-
yer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement: –
Heretofore, various attempts have been made to unite or bond together a line
of ordinary or individual type, after it has been composed, so that it can be
handled as if it was a single bar.
The conversion of a line of individual or single types into a type-line-bar, is
something radically different from the production of a type-line-bar by casting
at one operation a "slug" with a series of letters on its edge, which is done in
the well-known Linotype or Mergenthaler machines.
In some cases, the type in a line have been tied together by wires or by
metallic strips. Again the type has been set up in a line, and then molten type
metal has been poured on or around the line so as to bond it. Short type have
also been made and composed in line and then united to form a bar by casting
a common base thereon. Various other more or less complicated methods and
apparatus have been employed to rigidly unite the type in a line, but all have
necessitated either a peculiar formation of the type, or auxiliary metal casting
mechanism or means for handling and attaching the fastening devices to the
type-line.
The present invention is designed to convert a composed line or lines of pre-
viously formed individual type into a type-bar; in a most simple and efficient
manner, while avoiding all the objectional features and complicated mechanisms
heretofore employed in making such bars.
The objects of this invention, therefore, are:
(1) To convert a composed line of previously made type into a type-line-bar.
(2). To enable a line of type, composed by hand or machinery, to be unified
or bonded so that it can be handled as a type-bar; and
(3). To enable a line of type to be composed by hand or machinery, and, after
the words in said line have been properly spaced apart, to practically unify or
bond the type and form a type bar.
These objects are attained in my invention by partially melting the type
bodies in the line so that they become partially homogeneous or unified by the
coalescence of the metal, while the individual type-characters are preserved and
firmly retained in the relative positions in which they had been previously
adjusted.
The invention therefore involves, (1) a novel type-line bar; (2) the novel pro-
cess or method of making such bar; and (3) a novel means for producing such
har

page_text: My invention is applicable to type composed and justified by hand, wherever
it is desired to convert the composed lines into bars; it is also applicable to
machines in which the lines are composed and justified by machinery, the spaces
being supplied during the composition; and the invention is also applicable to
machines wherein the lines are justified by automatic "space-bars," but when
applied to this class of machines, the mechanism for inserting the spaces may
be omitted, as the line can be unified while the words are properly separated by
the space-bars sufficient metal being displaced from the partially melted type-
bodies to bridge the intervals between the words.
وو
The following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, will
enable those skilled in the art to thoroughly comprehend and utilize the invention.
Figure 1 shows a line of ordinary type ready for conversion into a bar, and
Figure 2 is a view of the resultant bar.
Figures 3 and 4 are like views of another type-line and resultant bar.
Figures 5 and 6 are like views of still another line and the resultant bar.
Figure 7 is a view of a line of type, and means for unifying it.
Figure 8 is a detail section of a type-line bar.
Figures 9, 10 and 11 are sectional views of mechanism for unifying lines of
type.
A line of ordinary type (Figures 1, 3 and 5) is set and justified, and then the
line of type is partially melted at a point which will not injure the faces of the
type, nor destroy the height of their bodies, the melted portions of which com-
mingle and become virtually unitary so that when cold the previously separate
type are bonded together by that portion thereof which has been melted and run
together, resulting in a type-line-bar as in Figures 2, 4, and 6.
"
In Figures 1 and 2 the line is composed of ordinary type A, and spaces a; in
Figure 3 the line is "justified" by properly separating the words, and while so
separated the bodies of the type are partially melted, as before described, the
molten metal partially filling the spaces between the words so that the line
becomes a bar as in Figure 4. In Figure 5 the line is justified by means of
removable"
space bars
c. (such as are used in various forms of linotype machines)
while the type-bodies are partially melted, with the result shown in Figure 6.
This unification of a line can be accomplished in various ways within the scope
of my invention, care being taken that the type faces are not injured; for example
the line can be held in a holder or channel and a heated iron or bar H (Figure 7)
may be applied to the side of the line so as to partially melt each type body, so
that their metal will commingle. If the hot iron be pressed sufficiently inward
it will displace some of the molten metal and force the same into the spaces
between the words.
Again, a line might be unified by heat applied to the side of the holder, n
which it is held, or to the side of the channel through which it is passed; or the
line might be unified while being moved past a heated point. Two or more
heating devices might be used, contacting with opposite sides of the type bodies,
or with the same sides thereof (Figure 10).
Figures 9, 10 and 11 show an apparatus which may be utilized to unify type
lines. A prepared line is fed into channel D from which it is moved lineally
by a plunger d into a channel or holder E, beside which is a heating-iron F. In
the bottom of this chamber E is a movable plunger e which is raised at the proper
time and lifts the unified line of type up to the channel G through which the
now complete type-line-bar is pushed into the galley, by means of the plunger g.
The irons F may be heated by a gas jet f, or in any other suitable manner:
and may be operated by any desired means. As shown, the plunger is operated
by a link, lever, and link from a cam d'on a driven shaft T:-the
plunger gis operated by a link g¹, lever g² and link g³ from a cam g-the
plunger e is operated by a link e¹ from a cam e;-and the heater irons F operated
by a crank lever f¹ and rod f from a cam f³ on said shaft.
By utilizing the metal of the type bodies to form the bond, the operation is

page_text: greatly simplified and no special formation of type is necessary to enable the
unification to take place.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. A type-line-bar consisting of a series of individual types having their bodies
partially unified out of the metal thereof whereby the types are firmly united,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. As a new article of manufacture, a line-of-type, or type-bar, formed of a
series of individual types rigidly united by partially melting their bodies, for the
purpose and substantially as described.
3. As a new article of manufacture, a line-of-type or type-bar, consisting of a
series of individual types having their bodies rigidly united by unifying a portion
of their bodies, substantially as described.
4. The herein described method of forming type-line-bars from individual type,
consisting in first assembling the type and then uniting the same by partially
unifying their own bodies out of the metal thereof, substantially as described.
5. The herein described method of forming type-line bars from single type,
consisting in first assembling the type and then partially melting the bodies
thereof, so that the metal of each type will combine with the metal of the adjacent
types for the purpose and substantially as described.
6. The herein described method of forming type-line-bars from single type,
consisting in first composing the type in line, and then partially melting the
bodies thereof, for the purpose and substantially as described.
7. The herein described method of forming justified type-bars, consisting in
assembling the type in line, separating the words or characters, and then partially
melting the type-bodies so as to bond the type together and cause the molten
metal to partially fill the spaces between the words, substantially as described.
8. The herein described method of forming type-line bars, consisting in assem-
bling a line of type, confining the same in a matrice or channel, and partially
melting the bodies of the type, while so confined, for the purpose and substantially
as described.
9. In an apparatus for forming type-bars, the combination of means for holding
a line of type with means for partially melting the type bodies so as to bond
the types together, substantially as described.
10. In an apparatus for forming type-bars, the combination of a holder or
channel adapted to contain a line of type; with means for partially melting the
bodies of the type while confined in such holder, for the purpose and substantially
as described.
11. In a type-bar making machine, the combination of a channel or holder
to contain a line of type; with means for moving a line of type therein, means
for partially melting the bodies of the type while held in said channel, and
means for removing the unified line therefrom, substantially as described.
12. In an apparatus for forming type-bars, the combination of means for hold-
ing a line of type; with means for partially melting the type bodies at a plurality
of points, so as to bond the type together lineally at a plurality of points, sub-
stantially as described.
13. In a type bar making machine, the combination of a holder or channel in
contain a line of type: with a heater adapted to partially melt the bodies of the
type held therein. for the purpose and substantially as described.
14. In a type bar making machine, the combination of a type line holder,
a heater, means for moving a line of type into said holder and subjecting their
bodies to the heater, and means for moving the unified lines from the holder.
substantially as described.
15. In a type har making machine, the combination of a type line holder, a

page_text: movable heater, means for moving a line of type into said holder, means 'for forc-
ing the heater into contact with the type bodies, and means for moving the unified
lines from the holder, substantially as described.
Dated this 14th day of February 1899.
°
BOTTOMLEY & LIDDLE,
154, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Patent Agents.