Improvements in Differential Pulley Blocks for Raising, Lowering, Suspending, or Sustaining Heavy Bodies or Loads.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Mar., 1892-Accepted, 9th Apr., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Differential Pulley Blocks for Raising, Lowering,
Suspending, or Sustaining Heavy Bodies or Loads.
I HENRY DOUGLASS GOUGH of 68 Belgrave Street, Balsall Heath in the County
of Worcester, Stationer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in constructing
and arranging the parts of differential pulley-blocks in which an endless rope is
used instead of a chain.
My said invention consists principally in arranging and reeving the rope upon
the sheaves of the pulley block and of the arrangement of the pulleys and a
cleat
or gripper for binding or gripping the rope upon the sheaves and cleat so as to
sustain heavy bodies or loads when required.
I mount the differential pulley in a frame having a vertical slot in either side
thereof which carries the pin or axle of the said pulley.
Below the differential pulley and fitted to the frame I arrange a cleat for gripping
the rope in the manner hereinafter described.
In conjunction with the differential pulley I hang a lower pulley having one, two,
three or more sheaves working together.
I will describe a differential pulley block having two sheaves, top and bottom
of different diameters on which I reeve the rope in the following manner :—I first
pass the rope twice round the small sheave viz. from left to right one rope over-
lapping the other, and afterwards pass the rope once round the large sheave,
thereby forming three depending loops upon two of which depending loops the
lower pulley is suspended.
The sides of the outer loop constitute the pulling or hauling and the lowering
ropes (that is to say the side of the loop depending from the large sheave of the
differential pulley) constitute the pulling or hauling rope, and the side of the loop
depending from the small sheave of the differential pulley constitutes the lowering
rope. I cause the rope to be bound or gripped whereby the weight is suspended
or sustained in the following manner :-
The lowering rope before described passes under the upper loop on the small
sheave and the hauling rope before described passes round the large sheave about
three quarters of its circumference. The load carried by the differential pulley
presses the pulling or hauling rope (which partly surrounds the large sheave) into
the grove of the said sheave and in like manner the depending weight draws the
top-most loop of the rope upon the sheave in close contact with the bottom loop of
the said pulley thereby tightening and binding the rope and pulley with great
pressure and firmly holding the weight or load.
When the load carried by the differential pulley is brought to its desired position.
it may be more efficiently sustained in that position by applying the cleat or gripper
hereinbefore referred to to the pulley frame in such a position that the hauling
rope may be instantaneously drawn into it which said cleat or gripper will grip
or bind the rope, thus sustaining or fixing the weight in any desired position.
In order to guide the rope on the sheaves of the differential pulley block I may
place small antifriction wheels or rolls working loosely on their axes between the
two sides of the pulley frame or may place a wheel or roller below the differential
pulley and central to its axis the function of which is to grip or bind the rope more
firmly when lifting very heavy bodies or loads.
This is effected by the pulling or hauling rope passing between the said wheel or
roller, the axle of the upper pulley working in the vertical slots before referred to

page_text: is drawn downwards by the weight of the large sheave of the differential pulley
which resting on the rope and pressing it firmly upon the upper surface of the
grove of the friction wheel or roll which rotates in a fixed axis.
I may likewise construct a purchase or hand wheel which I connect to one side
of the pulley and place thereon an endless rope for the purpose of diminishing the
force required to raise heavy bodies or loads.
"Dated this 2nd day of June 1891.
RAYNER & CASSELL,
37, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Differential Pulley Blocks for Raising, Lowering,
Suspending, or Sustaining Heavy Bodies or Loads.
I, HENRY DOUGLASS GOUGH of 68 Belgrave Street, Balsall Heath, in the County
of Worcester, Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be perforined, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in constructing
and arranging the parts of differential pulley blocks, in which an endless rope is
used instead of a chain.
My said invention consists principally in arranging and "reeving" the rope upon
the sheaves of the pulley block and of the arrangement of the pulleys and a cleat
or gripper for binding or gripping the rope upon the sheaves and cleat so as to
sustain heavy bodies or loads when required.
I mount the differential pulley in a frame having a vertical slot in citḥer side
thereof which carries the pin or axle of the said pulley.
Below the differential pulley and fitted to the frame I arrange a cleat for gripping
the rope in the manner hereinafter described.
"In conjunction with the differential pulley I hang a lower pulley having one,
two, three or more sheaves working together.
'I will describe a differential pulley block having two sheaves top and bottom of
different diameters on which I reeve the rope in the following manner :-I first
pass the rope twice round the small sheaves viz. from left to right one rope
overlapping the other, and afterwards pass the rope once round the large sheave,
thereby forming three depending loops, upon two of which depending loops the
lower pulley is suspended.
The sides of the outer loop constitute the pulling or hauling and the lowering
ropes (that is to say the side of the loop depending from the large sheaf of the
differential pulley) constitute the pulling or hauling rope and the side of the loop
depending from the small sheaf of the differential pulley constitutes the lowering
rope.
I cause the rope to be bound or gripped whereby, the weight is suspended or
sustained in the following manner :-
"The lowering rope before described passes under the upper loop on the small
sheaf and the hauling rope before described passes round the large sheaf about
three quarters of its circumference. The load carried by the differential pulley
presses the pulling or hauling rope (which partly surrounds the large sheaf) into
the groove of the said sheaf and in like manner the depending weight draws the
topmost loop of the rope upon the sheaf in close contact with the bottom loop of
the said pulley thereby tightening and binding the rope and pulley with great
pressure and firmly holding the weight or load.
When the load carried by the differential pulley is brought to its desired position
it may be more efficiently sustained in that position by applying the cleat or gripper
herein before referred to, to the pulley frame in such a position that the hauling

page_text: rope may be instantaneously drawn into it, which said cleat or gripper will grip or
bind the rope, thus sustaining of fixing the weight in any desired position.
In order to guide the rope on the sheaves of the differential pulley block I may
place small anti-friction rolls or wheels working loosely on their axes between the
two sides of the pulley frame or I may place a wheel or roller below the differential
pulley and central to its axis, the function of which is to grip or bind the rope
more firmly when lifting very heavy bodies or loads. This is effected by the
pulling or hauling rope passing between the said wheel or roller, the axle of the
upper pulley working in the vertical slots before referred to is drawn downward by
the weight of the large sheaf of the differential pulley which resting on the rope
and pressing it firmly upon the upper surface of the groove of the friction wheel
or roll rotating on a fixed axis.
I may likewise construct a purchase or hand wheel which I connect to one side
of the pulley and place thereon an endless rope for the purpose of diminishing the
force required to raise heavy bodies or loads."
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings
the manner in which my invention may be performed.
Figures 1, 2 and 3, are respectively a front elevation an end elevation and a
vertical section of my improved pulley block.
Figure 4 shows a cross section of the upper pulley on line A, B.
Figure 5, shows a cross section of the lower pulley, on line C, D.
Figure 6, represents a plan of the under side of the pulley frame, showing the
position of the cleat or gripper and the guide for the rope.
Figures 7 to 9, show modifications of the cleat or gripper and guides.
Figures 10 and 11 show a front and end elevation of another arrangement of my
improved pulley block for the purpose of forming a more efficient grip to the rope
and a purchase wheel when lifting heavy bodies or loads.
Like letters of reference indicate the corresponding parts throughout the two
sheets of drawing.
My improved pulley block consists as shown at Figures 1 and 2 of a frame a
terminating in guides b, c to which is also attached a cleat or gripper p, the frame a
carries the small differential sheaf e and the large differential sheaf of the upper
pulley block supported and working freely on the axle g.
The lower sheaves e² and fare supported in like manner on a frame a².
The rope of the differential pulley I reeve in the following manner:—I first pass
the rope round a small sheaf e of the upper pulley, from the left to the riglit h
then round the lower small sheaf e² and again round the upper sheaf e the rope j
overlapping the rope hand h² terminating in the rope around the lower large
sheaf forming the rope to the left which passes to the right around the large
sheaf of the upper pulley and hence forming the depending rope m which
constitutes the pulling or hauling rope and terminates into the rope which
constitutes the lowering rope and hence passing through the guide 6 forming
the rope h.
In Figures 3, 4 and 5 I show in vertical and cross section the manner in which
the ropes are gripped on the upper and lower pulley sheaves.
it
When a weight carried by the differential pulley is brought to its desired position
may be sustained in that position by drawing the hauling rope m into the cleat
or gripper p as shown in dotted lines at o Figure 1 and at p, Figure 6.
Figure 7, represents another method of applying the cleat to the pulley frame
in which the guide is made in the form of an anti-friction roller.
Figures 8 and 9 show the cleat p applied to the lower pulley frame in various
positions for a like purpose.
h
In Figures 10 and 11 i attach to the lower part of the pulley frame a a wheel y
and a roller instead of passing the rope over the guide as shown in Figures 1, 2,
and 3, I pass it over the roller r and the rope k² 1 pass over the wheel
two ropes
forming the loops thus in this arrangement the rope A forms the pulling and hauling
rope m and the rope & the lowering rope n.

page_text: In this arrangement I form a vertical slot t in the pulley frame a in which works
the axle g the flange of the large pulley sheaf has a bearing on the flange of the
wheel
wheel
loads.
and presses the rope 2 firmly between the grooves of the sheaf and the
thus gripping and binding the rope firmly when lifting heavy bodies or
In order to guide the rope on the large sheaf of the differential pulley I place
three anti-friction rollers u, v, e, upon the pulley frame a.
I attach to the axle y a purchase or hand wheel e, the groove of which is
provided with an endless rope y, for the purpose of diminishing the force when
lifting heavy bodies or loads. I have only thought it necessary to illustrate in the
drawings a differential pulley block having two sheaves top and bottom, but I wish
it to be understood that I may employ three or more sheaves and reeve the rope
upon the said sheaves in like manner as before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1) The improvements in differential pulley blocks for raising and lowering or
sustaining heavy bodies or loads by an endless rope reeved upon the pulley
sheaves e, and e², 12, substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings and for the purpose herein set forth.
(2) The application of a cleat or gripper to any part of the pulley frame for
gripping and binding the rope, constructed and operating substantially as herein
described and shown in the drawings.
""
(3) The arrangement of a roller and the wheel q, for guiding and gripping the
rope, operating substantially as herein described and shown in Figures 10 and 11
of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 1st day of March 1899
RAYNER & CASSELL,
37, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.