matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUSTIAN CORDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Dewhirst and Shackleton
Crossley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February
1881.
DAVID DEWHIRST and SHACKLETON CROSSLEY, both of Hebden Bridge, in the
County of York, Fustian Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF FUSTIAN CORDS."
This Invention relates to an improved manufacture of fustian cords, and the
improvements consist in so weaving such fabrics as to produce a better backing or
foundation, that is to say, the rib is composed of alternate through or cross
threads, and half or broken threads, then another through or cross thread, and so
on, such rib giving a full back to and much improving the manufacture of fabrics
aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER CUTTERS OR PAPER KNIVES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Gruneke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th June 1881.
JULES GRUNEKE, of 19, Boulevard Montmartre, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER CUTTERS OR PAPER KNIVES."
This Invention relates to improvements in paper cutters or paper knives, and in
means for advertising or displaying advertisements, the object being to provide so
called "paper knives" or cutters, which will be light, handy for use, and have
sufficient strength of material and sharpness of edge for practical use as a "paper
knife."
In carrying the Invention into effect, sheets of cardboard are placed under
cutters or knives of oblong shape with rounded ends upon the board of a press head
operated by screw and swinging weight arm, whereby plates or strips of the card-
board are obtained upon which are printed in spaces upon the said surface
advertisements or notices desired. These blades or strips are then steeped for a
certain time in a gum, size, or paste, heated by steam, and then laid upon trays or
plates in which are hollows or shallows corresponding with the size and shape of
the blades to be produced and with the extreme edges of such hollows or shallows
rounded up flush with the main surface of the plates, and the said plates are
heated by a steam jacket or hollow beneath to keep them at a good drying
temperature; another hot plate is superposed above the hollowed plate and capable
of being raised or lowered and preferably hinged to the bottom hollowed plate.
The top plate is now lowered on to the blades or strips carrying the printed
advertisements, and pressure is applied until such time as the blades or strips will
be by the heat dried and set, and from the form of the hollows the edges will be
pressed up sharp to have and present a sharp hardened cutting edge, a calendered
surface, and that surface hardened for preserving the advertisements or other
printed matter that may be produced thereupon by printing, lithography, or other
process suitable for the purpose.
Instead of cardboard, papier maché, wood, celluloid, or other light compound
material may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PARASOLS, WHEREBY SUCH ARTICLES ARE CONVERTIBLE INTO FANS AND CARRIAGE-SUNSHADES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Phippen Lane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1881.
WILLIAM PHIPPEN LANE, of Richmond Road, Barnsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Commercial Traveller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PARASOLS, WHEREBY SUCH
ARTICLES ARE CONVERTIBLE INTO FANS AND CARRIAGE-SUNSHADES."
The object of my Invention is to construct a parasol in such manner that it can
be readily converted into a fan or into a carriage-sunshade.
For the purposes of my Invention I provide two semi-circular or other suitably
shaped grooved plates or pieces, and hinge them at opposite sides to a ring or collar
which acts as the top-notch, and into these semi-circular plates or pieces the ribs
are articulated, each such plate or piece carrying a like number of ribs. The
stretchers are secured to the runner in any usual manner, but instead of terminating
in a fork, as ordinarily, they are provided with eyes, sockets, clips, or the like, which
embrace the ribs and which are free to travel backwards and forwards thereon for
the purposes hereinafter mentioned.
When the parasol is opened and is used as such, the covering and spring catch
retain the ribs and stretchers in place.
.
To convert the parasol into a fan the spring catch and runner are released and
the parasol inverted, thus causing the stretchers to travel along the ribs and by
collapsing to form a fan of inverted triangular shape, the ribs for this purpose
corresponding to the blades of the fan and the covering to the fabric thereof.
The top of the parasol is provided with a handle by which the article when
converted into a fan can be held.
As it is intended that this convertible parasol should be worn at the side or
carried in the pocket, the stick is for this purpose about half the length of those at
present in use.
When the parasol is to be employed as a carriage-sunshade the stick is made in
two portions, which are hinged or connected together in such manner as to allow
that portion which carries the frame to fall on one side; a spring catch and runner
(or other suitable contrivance) retain the frame and its portion of the stick in the
required position. By releasing the spring catch and runner and raising the frame
the sunshade can at once be converted into a fan.
OR IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR PRODUCING TENSION IN THE CORDS OR BANDS OF BLIND ROLLERS FOR CHECKING AND REGULATING THE ROTATION OF PULLEYS, SHAFTS, AND OTHER ROTATING BODIES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Philippe Lempriere at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th March 1881.
GEORGE PHILIPPE LEMPRIERE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Commercial Traveller. "NEW OR IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR PRODUCING TENSION
IN THE CORDS OR BANDS OF BLIND ROLLERS FOR CHECKING AND REGULATING
THE ROTATION OF PULLEYS, SHAFTS, AND OTHER ROTATING BODIES, AND FOR
OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
My Invention consists in the combination hereinafter described of the parts of
mechanism for producing tension in the cords or bands of blind rollers; for checking
and regulating the rotation of pulleys, shafts, and other rotating bodies, and for
other like purposes.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a roller blind. I make a helical
or coiled spring, either single or double, in the axis of which spring.is a screw. The
lower end of the spring is formed into a tooth which engages in the groove between
the threads of the screw. The upper end of the spring, or where the spring is a
double helix, the top or middle of the spring is rectilinear, and constitutes the axis
on which the pulley turns, under which the blind cord or band passes. The screw
and the greater part of the spring are contained in a tubular case fixed to the
window frame. By turning the screw in one or other direction, the tooth at the
bottom end of the spring working in the groove in the screw is made to rise or fall,
and thereby to produce a greater or less tension in the spring.
In order to check or regulate the rotation of pulleys, shafts, and other rotating
bodies by means of the arrangement of parts described, I connect the upper end
of the spring to the ends of a band or strip of sheet steel wire, cord, or other
flexible material, the said band passing over or around the rotating body the
motion of which is to be checked or regulated, and by the action of the screw the
spring is put into a state of greater or less tension, and made to press the band with
greater or less force on the rotating body, the motion of which can thus be checked
or regulated.
My Invention may be applied generally to check or regulate the motion of
rotating bodies, and may be applied for that purpose to gas regulators, distance
signals, and other mechanisms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH CABLES AND OTHER CONDUCTORS OF ELECTRICITY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Cowper Ranyard and John
Ambrose Fleming at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
27th June 1881.
ARTHUR COWPER RANYARD, of 25, Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, Barrister at Law,
and JOHN AMBROSE FLEMING, of St. John's College, Cambridge, Demonstrator of
Mechanism in the University of Cambridge. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH
CABLES AND OTHER CONDUCTORS OF ELECTRICITY."
Our Invention relates more particularly to the production of telegraph cables,
but it is also applicable to other conductors of electricity.
In carrying out our Invention as applied to the production of a submarine
telegraph cable, we take a copper wire or wires such as are ordinarily used, and
twist or plait about the same manilla or other fibre suitable for rope making; we
then thoroughly dry the roping and impregnate it with a substance (which we
designate as "paraffin butter"), by forcing the same into the substance of the
roping while it is in a chamber from which the air has been exhausted. The cable
may then either be used in this condition or the roping may be coated with a
protective varnish and may also be covered with steel or other wires for the
purpose of strengthening it.
The "paraffin butter" may be composed by mixing together paraffin of different
boiling points so that the substance shall remain in a soft condition, when
subjected to a wide range of temperature. It is necessary however that one of the
kinds of paraffin used should be in a solid form at ordinary temperatures, whilst
the other or others should be liquid or viscid. Or the paraffin wax may be alloyed
with small quantities of oils, fatty materials, or other substances which will lower
the temperature at which the wax sets.
A NEW HERMETICAL VOLTAIC PILE
Year: 1881

page_text: A
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION_left by Raphael Hunter Brandon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1881.
communication from Carl Alfred Nystrom, Head of the Technical Division of
the Telegraphic Administration of Sweden, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
RAPHAEL HUNTER BRANDON, of No. 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Engineer and Patent Agent. "A NEW HERMETICAL VOLTAIC PILE." A
communication from Carl Alfred Nystrom, Head of the Technical Division of the
Telegraphic Administration of Sweden, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
My Invention is an improvement on the original pile of volta. This improvement
consists mainly in the fact that the wet conductor is surrounded or maintained by
an impermeable substance which adapts itself hermetically to the metallic disks
between which the said conductor is placed.
Fig. 1 is a plan of my improved hermetical voltaic pile; and
Fig. 2, an elevation thereof in section through the line A, A, Fig. 1.
In these Figures I have represented a collection of five elements, of which 1
and 2 are the metallic disks, ordinarily in copper and zinc respectively. The
impermeable sides of these elements consist in two rings, 3 and 4, made of an elastic
material; between these rings I place a membrane 5, which is not however
absolutely necessary. Between 2 and 5 I place one part 6 of the wet conductor,
this part being ordinarily impregnated with acidulated water. Between 5 and 1 I
place the other part 7 of the wet conductor, which latter part is humected with a
solution appropriate to the metal 1. The entire pile thus composed must be
compressed to such an extent as to be hermetically closed by means of the clastic
rings 3 and 4.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRAUGHTING COATS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF CLOTHING."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Taylor Raynor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1881.
WILLIAM TAYLOR RAYNOR, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRAUGHTING COATS AND OTHER
ARTICLES OF CLOTHING."
In performing my Invention I take a bar or strip of wood or other material of
suitable width, and near one end I attach by a rule joint a short bar; at a little
distance from this short bar I attach to the main bar by rule joints two other
longer bars in line with cach other, which with the main bar form the base of a
square, and on the other end of the main bar I fit a sliding cross bar which slides
over figures which indicate the size of the garment to be draughted; on the sliding
bar are figures indicating the height of shoulder and depth of "scye" or armpit;
on the main bar near the longer jointed bars are figures indicating the front of
the "scye." On one of the longer hinged bars are figures which indicate the front
shoulder point, and on the other long bar which forms the second angle of the
square are figures indicating the width of shoulder; on the short bar are figures
indicating the height of neck or gorge; near the end of the main bar to which the
short bar is hinged are figures which indicate the breast line of the coat. On the
reverse side of these bars are other figures, those on the main bar indicating the
width of the back and width of back top; and on one of the longer hinged bars are
figures indicating the height of neck; and on the other are figures which indicate
the round of the sleeve head, the depth of fore arm seam, and width of sleeve.
This apparatus is more simple in its working and more expeditious than any
draughting apparatus hitherto invented, and a slide with a clip to hold the chalk
to mark the cloth may be fitted on each bar.
The different parts are so arranged and graduated that coats, vests, ladies jackets,
habits, and other garments may be draughted without any calculation, and the
mechanical contrivance is so simple that it may be used by unskilled cuttors.
IMPROVEMENT IN HOISTS OR ELEVATORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gordon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th November 1881.
JOHN GORDON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
IMPROVEMENT IN HOISTS OR ELEVATORS."
"AN
This Invention has for its object to lessen or prevent the accidents and loss of
life which frequently occur by persons falling into the unprotected or imperfectly
protected wells in which hoists or elevators as hitherto constructed work upwards
and downwards; and the Invention consists in the adaptation of a revolving
shutter, blind, or screen to the hoist or elevator cage, whereby the well is entirely
closed throughout its depth, excepting at that part which is represented by the
depth of the cage itself and by its situation in the well.
:
The revolving shutter, blind, or screen consists of a series of flat, circular, or other
shaped laths, battens, or rods of wood, metal, or other equivalent material
extending across the well at intervals, and whose ends are or may be situated in
grooves made to receive them in the sides of the well. To these laths, battens, or
rods is secured a fabric the width of the well, and composed of canvas or other
stout textile material, or of wire or rope netting or any equivalent of these, it being
understood that I do not confine myself to these especial constructions of blind,
shutter, or screen. This revolving shutter, blind, or screen is passed over and
under rollers at the top and bottom of the well, and the ends of it are secured to
the top and bottoin of the hoist or elevator cage, by which means when the hoist
is in operation, as well as when it is stationary, the entire depth of the opening in
the sides of the well is closed, excepting so much of it as is represented by the depth
of the cage itself, and by this means the danger of accidents or of loss of life arising
by persons falling into the well is prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Willem Frederik Adolph Beyerinck
and Martinus Gysbertus Cohen Stuart at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 9th June 1881.
WILLEM FREDERIK ADOLPH BEYERINCK and MARTINUS GYSBERTUS COHEN
STUART, of Amsterdam, in the Netherlands, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS."
This Invention has for its object to improve the construction and increase the
efficiency of centrifugal pumps.
In one modification of the improved pump the revolver or wheel is made with
inlet eyes or openings at both sides, and with curved shells extending from the
eyes to a comparatively narrow circumferential discharge opening. The middle of
the revolver is occupied by a boss shaped like a pair of curved cones, having their
bases in contact; and in the spaces between the boss and the shells four or more
peculiarly shaped propelling blades are placed, being cast in the same pieco with
the shells and the boss. The parts of the blades near the circumferential discharge
opening are like the blades of some existing centrifugal pumps, being by preference
curved so as to be convex on their acting sides, but the blades are extended quite
to the eyes of the revolver, the parts at the eyes being made helical or screw like,
and the form changing gradually from the eyes to the circumferential discharging
parts. With the described construction a screwing action is combined with the
ordinary centrifugal action, and increased efficiency is thereby obtained.
revolvor is fitted in the ordinary way in an outer casing made with inlets com-
municating with the two eyes, and is fixed on a shaft which passes through
stuffing boxes at opposite sides of the casing.
The
In a second modification the revolver is like one half of the one constituting the
first modification, and has an eye or inlet at one side only, and it is fixed on the
overhung end of a shaft which passes through a stuffing box at one side of the
outer casing. Endway movement of the shaft is prevented by a collar formed on
it, this collar being held between two adjustable glands or boxes fitted to the
bearing. The revolver is made with a truly turned annular surface at the eye,
and with another similar surface at the other side, both surfaces working as nearly
as possible in contact with corresponding surfaces formed in the outer casing, or on
parts fixed thereto. In this way a space of the same area as the eye is enclosed
at the opposite side, and this space is put in communication with a condenser or
with the inlet pipe to the pump in order to remove the pressure which would
otherwise press the revolver towards the inlet.
APPARATUS FOR OPERATING RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Gough at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1881.
ALFRED GOUGH of the Town and County of Buckingham.
APPARATUS FOR OPERATING RAILWAY SIGNALS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates to improved means for automatically operating railway
signals on the block system by the passage of the train itself, whereby to diminish
the danger of collisions between following trains in consequence of defective
signalling.
My Invention consists in obtaining the movement necessary for operating the
signals by the depression of a lever-arm placed in such position as to be acted on
by a roller upon one of the carriages of a train, the same motion being applied by
means of levers and connections to raise one signal upon the passage of the train
and at the same time to lower another signal situated a given distance in rear of
the train which was previously raised in the same way.
In carrying out my Invention I pivot centrally between the rails a lever or arm
which in its normal position stands up so as to be struck or acted on by the train
thereby raising and lowering the signals as above mentioned. The signals and
lever are counterweighted in such manner that when the signals are lowered-that
is to say when the train has left the section which the signal blocked-the lever
will be returned to its first position in readiness to be operated by the succeeding
train. The lever may be arranged to be moved sideways and produce the same
effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL FORCES BY COMPRESSED AIR, FOR ALL KINDS OF MECHANICAL MOTORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st December 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Etienne Louis Champin of Lyons (khône) France.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, London, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION,
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL FORCES BY COMPRESSED AIR,
FOR ALL KINDS OF MECHANICAL MOTORS." A communication from abroad by
Etienne Louis Champin of Lyons (Rhône) France.
The object of this Invention is the distant transmission and distribution of
natural forces, such as waterfalls, streams, windmills, and others, working force
and suction pumps forcing compressed air into reservoirs, or directly into pipes
upon which are placed distributing apparatus serving to actuate all kinds of
engines whether fixed or locomotive.
Further this compressed air may be utilized for sanitary purposes; also for
raising water to any height by the aid of a succession of closed reservoirs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS OR MEANS OF LOCKING SCREW NUTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ebenezar Challis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1881.
CHARLES EBENEZAR CHALLIS, of Bushberry Works, Bushberry Road, Homerton,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS OR MEANS
OF LOCKING SCREW NUTS."
My improvements are intended to lessen the likelihood of nuts working loose
by vibration, and to increase the grip obtained upon the screw or bolt. To effect
this I employ a nut tapped through the centre as usual, but I turn down part of
the outside in the form of a male cone. I then split up the cone with one or more
cuts. By the employment of a washer having a conical hole to receive the coned
portion of the nut the split part of the latter when screwed up tight into the
washer is forced in upon the bolt.
It will thus be seen that the tighter the nut is screwed the more firmly it grips
the bolt. When the work against which the nut has to be screwed can be conically
recessed the washer may be dispensed with. On the other hand the nut may be
"locked" upon any part of the bolt by using another nut conically recessed in
place of the washer.
It will be observed that this Invention is applicable to most cases where lock
nuts are required; and where the work against which it screws can be recessed no
washer is needed.
In the case of fish plates for railways the conical recess would be formed in the
plates themselves; this could be done in punching the holes by employing a special
form of punch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLEEPERS, AND IN THE METHODS OR MEANS OF SECURING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles George Clarke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1881.
C
CHARLES GEORGE CLARKE, of Kingston upon Hull, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SLEEPERS, AND IN THE METHODS OR MEANS OF SECURING
THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS.”
The objects of this Invention are to provide a cheap, strong, and durable sleeper
for railways and tramways, which may when desired be manufactured by the
companies themselves; to secure when so desired the rails to the sleepers without
the use of chairs, spikes, bolts, keys, etcetera; to "cushion" the rails so as to do
away with or lessen the jarring caused by quick or heavy traffic; and to avoid
injury to the underside of the rails (as at present caused by contact of the rail and
chair) by lengthening the bearing of the rail where it crosses transverse sleepers.
I carry out my Invention in the following manner :- -The sleepers are composed
of concrete, asphalte, or artificial stone, either in blocks or put in "en masse," and
compressed or otherwise according to circumstances, and with these may be combined
wood, iron, or asphalte, as may be required.
The rails are by preference supported in or upon the sleepers with packings or
bearings of a sufficiently elastic or compressible nature to remove or at least
mitigate the "jar" caused by passing wheels; for this purpose I can employ a variety
of materials, such for instance as wood, lead, felt, asphalte, leather, gutta-percha,
bagging, or the like.
The rails are secured to the sleepers either entirely or partially by "Lewis-bolts,"
screw bolts, or by keys of metal, wood, or other suitable material; or they may be
run in with asphalte, cement, fused metal, pitch, or other cementing agent, or these
methods may be combined. By this means the number of chairs would be greatly
reduced by confining their use to curves, points, and ends of rails, or they would be
done away with altogether.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TROUSERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Walton Adams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1881.
ARTHUR WALTON ADAMS, of No. 32, High Street, in the Town and County of
the Town of Southampton, Gentleman. IMPROVEMENTS IN TROUSERS."
"
I form such garments as trousers, breeches, drawers, etcetera, with a semi-circular
or other suitably shaped opening in the seat, such opening being normally covered
over by a flap, which is buttoned or otherwise suitably fastened to the waist band
and sides of the garment, by which means the wearer of such garment may open or
close the seat of the same without any unfastening of braces or waist suspenders
or supporters.
The lower or bottom edge of the flap is sewn on to or is in one piece with the
garment.
IN HORSE SHOES, AND IN THE METHOD OF FIXING THEM
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Howard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th June 1881.
JOHN HOWARD, of North Hyde, in the County of Middlesex.
IN HORSE SHOES, AND IN THE METHOD OF FIXING THEM."
"IMPROVEMENTS
I make the shoc, the upper part being somewhat conical, to fit within the wall of
the horse's hoof, and the under part of the shoe flat with a groove, in which groove
are a number of small perforations. I place within the groovo a circular or
otherwise shaped leather or india rubber band, or a band composed of other elastic
material.
I then fix the shoe as above described to the hoof by sewing it on with hemp
thread or twine, or metal thread or wire, such sewing medium passing through the
aforesaid leather or other band and through the perforations in the groove of the
shoe, and then out through the wall of the hoof.
For heavy work I fix an additional shoe to the shoe above described by means
of three or more screws, which I pass through the bottom or additional shoe,
and screw into the upper shoe. Such screws being arranged to pass clear of the
sewing medium.
I prevent lateral play of the shoe, which is sewn on by recessing out the hoof
into which recess the shoe is fitted, so as to be fixed well within the wall of hoof.
The shoes are also applicable for ponies and asses.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CHIMNEY CAPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1881. A communication
from abroad by Alexandre Pichereau, of Cailly, in the Republic of France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CHIMNEY CAPS." A communication from abroad by Alexandre
Pichereau, of Cailly, in the Republic of France.
The improvements consist in forming the cap of or with four angle pieces,
which can be joined together and form the cap; or when a larger cap is required
can form the corners thereof, and intermediate or supplementary pieces be added.
The angle pieces and side pieces are formed with a flange on top for preventing
water from entering the chimney, and a plate or foot is added for junction with
the brickwork or top of the chimney proper, so that the improved cap can be
firmly and readily set. The parts are best made of metal or earthenware, and the
said cap may have affixed to it any cowl or smoke consuming apparatus, as it is so
fashioned at the top by the flange that such an adjunct can be very conveniently
fastened.
MANUFACTURE OF PULP FOR CARDBOARD OR THE LIKE." IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cullen Horno at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th September 1881.
WILLIAM CULLEN HORNE, of Bexley, in the County of Kent.
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PULP FOR CARDBOARD OR THE LIKE."
IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention has for object to produce cardboard paper, papier maché, and
the like, which shall be both luminous and damp proof, for which purpose I add to
the pulp from which the cardboard and the like is to be made phosphorescent
powder, and also a substanco or substances having the property of becoming damp
proof.
In carrying out my Invention, the phosphorescent powder that I prefer to use is
that sold by W. Puzey, of 5, Aldermanbury Postern, London, E.C., or his agents,
but any phosphorescent powder may be employed of which the luminous effects
endure for some hours after exposure to light. The substanco or substances that I
add to the pulp to render card-board and the like damp-proof are gelatinous or
mucilaginous matter in combination with a substance or substances by which it
is rendered insoluble under the action of light. Such compounds are gelatino and
bichromate of potash or of ammonia.
The proportions of the materials used for the manufacture of the luminous and
damp proof cardboard and the like may be varied; the following formula however
is suitable for the purpose:-
10 bre
IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL KEGS OR VESSELS FOR CONTAINING PAINTS OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Storer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1881.
JAMES STORER, of Barrowfield, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL KEGS OR VESSELS FOR CONTAINING
PAINTS OR OTHER SUBSTANCES."
This Invention has for its object to construct metal kegs or vessels in an
improved manner, and so that whilst they can be securely closed to form vessels
or packages for the conveyance of paints or other. substances by land or sea, they
form when opened conveniently handled cans or pots for use by painters or
others.
A keg made according to one modification of the Invention is of a cylindrical
form, and is made with a flat indented bottom. A flat lid or cover with a
cylindrical flange is provided, and being put in its place with the flange standing
outwards is secured by means of lugs fixed to the top edge of the cylindrical part
of the vessel, these lugs being turned down upon the flange of the cover so as to
clip it. The cover has on it the usual flat handle for lifting the keg by when
closed, but in addition to such handle there is fitted to the inside of the cylinder a
handle of hoop-like or square or other suitable form to be used for carrying the
vessel by when the cover is removed. This internal handle is held by staples in
such a way that it can be made to slide inwards, so as to be wholly inside the
vessel when the cover is to be put on, and so that when the cover is removed it
can be drawn outwards to be conveniently taken hold off.
In another modification the internal handle is hinged to the sides of the vessel
instead of being fitted so as to slide, and instead of the clip lugs for securing the
cover a kind of bayonet joint is applied for that purpose, the cover having fixed to
it hooks or pins, which, when the cover is placed and turned partly round, engage
with other hooks or staples fixed to the cylindrical part of the vessel.
The internal handle being applied as hereinbefore described forms a useful
addition to the keg without interfering with the packing together of a number of
kegs or requiring extra space, whilst it cannot be easily detached or injured.
MENT IN TABLE FORKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Greenaway at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th August 1881.
ARTHUR GREENAWAY, of Dockhead, in the County of Surrey.
MENT IN TABLE FORKS."
"AN IMPROVE-
My Invention relates to an improvement in table forks, and has for its object to
reduce the cost of manufacture of these articies, at same time making them lighter,
imparting to them a superior finish, and rendering them more convenient in use.
To this end my Invention consists broadly in providing the prongs with
longitudinal grooves or channels extending from the shoulder or bosom of the fork
to within about half an inch of the tip of the prongs. The prongs may either be
round or flat, but would be preferably flat and taper as usual. The forks would
be manufactured in the ordinary way, the grooves or channels being produced in
the press at the same time as the prongs.
The back of the prongs may either be flat, as in forks at present made, or the
channels or grooves may be stamped up so as to leave projecting ribs on the back
of the prongs. In any case the channels would be graduated at each end, that is
to say, the channels would be deeper at mid-length and would terminate at the
one end flush with the bosom, and at the other with the tips of the prongs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shanks and James Gordon
Lyon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November
1881.
JAMES SHANKS and JAMES GORDON LYON, Engineers, both of Arbroath,
Forfarshire. IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES."
"
Our Invention relates to a steam engine in which a double piston is used, cach
of the two heads of which works in a single acting cylinder, the two cylinders
being arranged in a line at opposite ends of the engine, and provided with separate
slide valves (operated in unison) for controlling the induction and eduction of
the steam.
The stem or rod of the double piston connecting the two heads is enlarged at its
centre, and has an elongated hole at right angles to the centre line of the piston.
Into this hole is placed a gun-inetal bush, which is bored out to suit the crank pin
to which it is connected.
Each head of the piston is provided with suitable packing rings.
The slide valves may be operated by an eccentric in the ordinary manner, or by
any other suitable contrivance. The two cylinders are connected together by a
casing in which the crank shaft has its bearings. On steam being admitted into
the cylinders, the two heads of the double piston are alternately driven towards
the centre of the engine, thus giving a rotary motion to the crank shaft.
AN IMPROVED SYPHON TRAP
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Emptage at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1881.
DANIEL EMPTAGE, Plumber and Sanitary Engineer, of Dane Hill, Margate, in
the County of Kent. "AN IMPROVED SYPHON TRAP."
This Invention relates to an improved form of syphon trap which will combine
the advantages of the ordinary S and the ordinary P syphon traps, without
possessing the disadvantages of either.
The ordinary P syphon trap is liable to become unsyphoned by the sudden shock
when water is thrown into the pan of the closet or the basin of the lavatory, or
other place to which the trap is applied.
The ordinary S trap, which overcomes the disadvantage referred to in the P trap,
necessitates the branch soil or outlet pipe being carried off below the floor of the
closet or lavatory. My improved syphon trap possesses the advantages when
properly fixed and ventilated of not becoming unsyphoned or waving out under a
sudden shock, and also allows the branch soil or outlet pipe to be placed above the
floor.
It consists in giving the trap partly the form of an ordinary S trap, but instead
of continuing the outlet branch downwards in a straight line it is curved outwards
from the top bend, so that when placed in its proper position it has a し
form.
It will readily be understood that upon water being thrown in at the inlet
branch, the top bend will prevent the water forming the syphon in the trap flowing
away sufficiently to destroy the syphon, the action being the same as in the S trap,
while at the same time the soil or outlet pipe can be connected to the outlet branch
of the trap and carried away above the level of the bottoin bend of the trap.
The trap can be made of earthenware, metal, or other suitable material, and
having a clean bore throughout it will consequently be thoroughly cleaned every
time it is flushed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lawrance Stewart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1881.
_JOHN LAWRANCE STEWART, of Bradford, in the County of York, Manufacturer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to a new and improved combination of parts applied to
"shedding" apparatus, for operating or working the healds or heddles in looms
employed in weaving, by which means a positive steady action is given in the
upward and downward movement of the healds or heddles, and also a steady and
easy action to the engine.
For this purpose I fit to looms having Hattersley's shedding apparatus long
curved dropping levers instead of the bell cranked levers now employed, and I do
away with all the cords and pullies for operating the healds. Under the top
frame of the loom I secure brackets having bearings in which is fitted and works
a short shaft, on which are fitted rocking levers made with upright arms and
vertical arms, the upright arms are connected by flat rods or wires to the bottom
parts of the curved dropping lovers, and the ends of the vertical arms are made
with "half-moons," to which are secured leather straps to take the curve of the
lifting and lowering motions of the half moons; the ends of the straps are fitted
with wires secured to the top frames of the healds, and the wires are in a straight
line from the straps to the frames and at a given distance from the centre line of
the frames; wires are also fitted on the other side of the centre lino to the top
frames of the healds or heddles which are secured in a straight line to the leather
straps working on half moons made on the ends of horizontal levers having
upright arms which are connected by flat rods or wires to the dropping curved
levers;
the horizontal levers work on a small shaft fitted in bearings or brackets
which are secured to the loom, and the outside arms of these levers from the
fulcrums are fitted with hanging down flat rods or wires which are connected to a
series of angular levers connected by wires to the bottom frames of the healds or
heddles so as to give the downward pull to the healds.
By these means a positive steady action is obtained either up or down in
working the healds or heddles, and also a steady easy motion is given to the
working of the engine.
A NEW ARMY TRENCHING TOOL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Harley Storey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1881.
ALBERT HARLEY STOREY, of Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman.
"A NEW ARMY TRENCHING TOOL."
The object of my Invention is to provide a tool that shall be in a high degree
portable, and at the same time a most serviceable pick, shovel, or spade. I make
a shaft of wood or other convenient material, and this shaft is formed in suitable
curves. At one end of the shaft I fit a pick, whose head fits over the shaft and is
so pivotted thereon that the pick can lie folded flat along the shaft, and be kept in
that position by a ring fitted with a clamping screw or by any other means I may
prefer. The head of the pick is so formed that on taking off this ring the pick can
be turned into position on the shaft. The end of the shaft is also so formed that
no strain is put upon the pivot when the pick is being used. The ring can also be
made to travel up the shaft and assist in keeping the pick in position. The other
end of the shaft is fitted for the blade of the shovel. This blade may be formed in
any convenient shape, and is fitted with a hole in the top part to receive the end
of the shaft. A piece of metal is attached to the shaft with a pin on the end
which enters a corresponding hole in the blade of the shovel, or I can clamp the
blade in any other convenient way and lock the clamp by a band which slides up
and down the shaft. Holes may be made where required in the blade for allowing
it to be conveniently carried. I can also so fit the blade that it can be arranged
on the barrel or the rifle as a protection for the head of the person firing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Holding at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1881.
JOSEPH HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
My Invention relates in the first place to the shuttle guards which are
employed to prevent the shuttles from leaving their races during their traverse
from one side of the loom to the other, that is to say, to prevent the shuttle from
"flying" out during the pick. In shuttle guards which have been employed
previously to my Invention, the rod which constitutes the guard is rigidly
connected to the "cap-bar," or is so attached as that the connections do not yield
when the said guard comes into contact with the hand of the operative, so
that there is a possibility of the operative becoming injured, and in any case the
said guard prevents the operative from conveniently grasping the cap-bar. To
remedy these defects I attach the said guard to the "cap-bar" by means of steel
springs, or I otherwise employ yielding attachments, which give way and permit
the guard to easily approach the "cap-bar" whenever the guard and the said bar are
both included in the grasp of the operative, or at times when the said guard comes
into contact with any obstacle. The forms and arrangements of the springs or
connections may be varied, but I now consider flat curved adjustable steel springs
attached to the back of the "cap-bar" to be most suitable.
I form
A second part of my Invention relates to the cottars of the crank arms.
the said cottars with ratchet teeth, which permit the cottars to be tightened up,
but engage with bevel edges formed on the straps, and thereby prevent the cottars
from working loose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS AND OTHER FURNACES AND FIRE-GRATES OR FIRE- PLACES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Teer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1881.
JOHN TEER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Builder. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM GENERATORS AND OTHER FURNACES AND FIRE-GRATES OR FIRE-
PLACES,"
My Invention relates to the furnaces of steam-generators and to other furnaces,
and to fire-grates or fire places used for domestic and other purposes, and has for
its principal object to promote a more perfect combustion of the fuel, and to lessen
the emission of smoke. To this end I employ fire-bars which act as conduits to
convey currents of air to a hollow perforated bridge and to heat the air in its
progress. The formation of the bars may be varied, but I consider a bar of an
I shape to be suitable, for the reason that when arranged side by side at suitable
distances apart bars so shaped as regards their cross section form the required
conduits for the passage of air. I admit the air at the dead-plate as well as
through the spaces between the bars. I prefer to use rolled or cast steel bars, but
do not confine myself to such use. In the cases of domestic fire grates I employ a
hollow perforated back of fire-clay or other suitable material in lieu of the
aforesaid bridge, the said back being formed to deliver the heated air in streams,
which issue above the fire and meet the products of combustion on their way to
the chimney. In some, or in all cases, I provide the grate with front bars of a
louvre form, which bars are mounted to swivel, so that by turning them on their
axes the front of the fire can be wholly or partially closed. In some arrangements
I employ a movable cover, which can be turned or brought down so as to cover the
top of the fire so as to increase the draught. In some cases wherein the aforesaid
swivel bars are also used the fire can be completely closed for a time whenever it
is desirable to increase the energy of combustion. I may use bottoms made of fire
clay instead of metal. When rolled steel bars are used for furnaces or fire-grates I
keep them at suitable distances apart by means of fixed studs, or by means of
projections cast upon the dead plates or bearers, or by both methods. In some cases
two or more bars may be cast or united together. I may use the steel bars in cases
wherein the hollow bridge or back is not used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS APPLICABLE TO BRACELETS, NECKLETS, SCARF RINGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Champion at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1881.
THOMAS CHAMPION, of Perth Road, in the County of Middlesex, Jeweller.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS APPLICABLE TO BRACELETS, NECKLETS, SCARF
RINGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES."
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of spring
fastening suitable for bracelets, necklets, scarf rings, and other articles, whereby
greater security is obtained, as the improved fastening is less liable to become
accidentally opened than the fastenings heretofore employed.
According to my Invention I attach to one portion of the article to be fastened
a small spring catch lever working on a hinge pin or otherwise, and made to lie
flat or nearly so upon the surface of the article into which it may if desired be
more or less countersunk. This spring catch lever may either operate by its own
inherent elasticity, or it may be acted upon by a separate spring which bolds it
down in position. On the underside of the said spring catch lever there is provided
a tooth or catch inclined on the front side so as to snap into a corresponding catch
or opening in the opposite portion of the article to be fastened by the act of
bringing the parts together. In order to release the fastening, the end of the
spring catch lever is to be drawn slightly outwards, a convenient catch or projection
being provided for that purpose. With a view to guiding the two parts of the
article accurately together and ensuring their maintaining their proper positions
as regards cach other, I sometimes combine with the before mentioned spring
catch lever fastening an ordinary tongue and slot.
WIRE FENCING."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Pollexfen Deane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1881.
HUGH POLLEXFEN DEANE, of No. 19, Sion Hill, Bath.
WIRE FENCING."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention has for its object improvements in wire fencing.
At the present time, in setting up wire fencing, metal uprights are commonly
employed, and the wire is threaded through holes or eyes in the uprights. Much
time and labour is thus expended, and these uprights are not applicable when
barbed wires are used. Hence barbed fencing is usually set up upon wooden
uprights into which staples can be driven.
According to my Invention I employ metal uprights which are notched to receive
the wires upon a projecting flange or edge, and each notch is also adapted to receive
a transverse locking piece. When the wires have been placed in the notches the
locking pieces are inserted to secure them.
The locking piece is of a dovetail form, and it is inserted transversely into the
outer part of the notch in the upright, the notch being formed to receive it. The
locking piece has also a head at one of its ends, and at the other two projecting
stems or pins. The head serves to prevent the locking piece passing through the
upright or falling out on the side opposite to that from which it is inserted, and
the projecting stems or pins serve to prevent the locking piece from drawing back
after it has been inserted; they are for this purpose bent over against the upright,
one on either side of the wire.
The metal must be of such quality as to admit of the stems or pins being thus
bent without risk of breakage.