Improvements in Fastenings for Attaching Flexible Hose to Rigid Pipes.
Year: 1894

page_text: '
Date of Application, 7th June, '1894.
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Mar., 1895-Accepted, 6th Aor.. 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION..
Improvements in Fastenings for Attaching Flexible Hose to Rigid
Pipes.
I, EDWARD ETHEL GOLD, of Number 76 West 82nd Street, in the City,
County and State of New York, United States of America, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to means for attaching flexible hose to metal pipes or
nipples. It is particularly applicable to such beavy hose as is used for connecting
steam heating pipes or air-brake pipes on railway carriages.
In hose fastenings as ordinarily constructed a metal tube called a nipple is
forced into the expanded end of the hose, and a collar is then drawn around the
hose to clamp it tightly upon the nipple. This collar is sometimes a divided collar
drawn together by a screw or bolt, and is sometimes an undivided collar or ring
formed with internal screwthreads screwing upon the exterior of the hose, so that
it is applied with a rotary-motion tending to twist the hose, and being conical on
its inner surface is screwed over the hose until the latter is compressed within it
and forced tightly against the nipple, the latter having an enlarged portion or
shoulder against which the collar compresses the hose.
At
My invention provides a construction which is simpler, cheaper and easier to
apply, and avoids all twisting of the hose in the act of applying the collar to it.
My improved construction involves a nipple which is thrust into the hose, and
which has an expanded portion or flange as usual, and beyond this a parallel'or
cylindrical neck affording a seat for the end portion of the hose to rest upon.
the termination of this neck the nipple is formed with a flange or rib extending
around it against which the end of the hose abuts. The collar instead of being
externally conical and screw-threaded, is a plain conical ring devoid of screwthreads.
In putting the parts together, the collar is first passed over the nipple back of
where the end of the hose is to come, and the hose is then passed over the nipple,
being stretched or expanded thereby, and is forced back on the nipple until its
end comes in contact with the said rib or shoulder. While held in this position
the collar is forced forward over the hose, its larger end first passing onto the hose,
and by reason of its conical interior compressing the hose tightly against the
nipple. The collar is forced on until its rear or smaller end passes wholly onto'
the hose and beyond the end thereof, so that the extreme end portion of the hose
can expand beyond or back of the reduced end of the collar, and as this 'end of
the collar is made abrupt, the expansion of the hose against it serves to hold the
collar firmly in place. To thus force the collar on requires considerable 'pressure,
and the operation is best performed in a screw press: To enable the requisite
pressure to be exerted against, the collar, as well as to strengthen it, it is formed
with a circumferential rib or flauge which projects outwardly sufficient to afford a
secure hold upon the collar. To prevent any twisting of the hose upon the
nipple, the latter is preferably formed upon its cylindrical neck with one or more
lugs or projectious which indent the hose.
纂
For further insuring the permanence of the fastening in case of necessity," I may
introduce pointed pins or spurs through the collar to penetrate or indent the' hose.
The interior of the collar may also be corrugated with parallel circumferential
corrugations preferably rounded to avoid injuring the hose. As a substitute for

page_text: these corrugations, intermittent slots through the collar may be provided. As a
further means for preventing the slipping back of the collar, I may form it with
thin portions or lugs near one edge, which when it is in place may be bent down or
pressed into the soft material of the hose to compress the latter against the
enlargement on the nipple, and thereby secure the collar against slipping back.
A further feature of my invention aims to avoid the abrupt bending of the hose
which is liable to occur at the end of the nipple, and, which chafes or wears the
hose at this point. To avoid this I propose to provide the end of the nipple with
a relatively movable thimble projecting a short distance within the hose, and so
connected to the end of the nipple as to be capable of a restricted universal
motion thereupon in the nature of a ball-and-socket joint. Thus the thimble may
move partially with the hose, so that the flexure of the latter is divided, occurring
partially at the end of the thimble and partially at the junction of the thimble
with the nipple. The thimble consists of a short tube, preferably formed at its
base in the segment of a sphere, which is fitted into a spherical socket in the end
of the nipple, and provided with stop fingers or spurs engaging the nipple to
prevent its bending too far.
Dated this 7th day of June 1894.
J. C. MEWBURN & ELLIS,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fastenings for Attaching Flexible Hose to Rigid
Pipes.
I, EDWARD ETHEL GOLD, of Number 76 West 82nd Street, in the City,
County and State of New York, United States of America, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature, of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to means for attaching flexible hose to metal pipes or
nipples. It is particularly applicable to such heavy hose as is used for connecting
steam heating pipes or air-brake pipes on railway carriages.
In hose fastenings as ordinarily constructed a metal tube called a nipple is
forced into the expanded end of the hose, and a collar is then drawn around the
hose to clamp it tightly upon the nipple. This collar is sometimes a divided collar
drawn together by a screw or bolt, and is sometimes an undivided collar or ring
formed with internal screwthreads screwing upon the exterior of the hose, so that
it is applied with a rotary motion tending to twist the hose, and being conical on
its inner surface is screwed over the hose until the latter is compressed within it
and forced tightly against the nipple, the latter having an enlarged portion or
shoulder against which the collar compresses the hose.
My invention provides a construction which is simpler, cheaper and easier to
apply, and avoids all twisting of the hose in the act of applying the collar to it.
My improved construction involves a nipple which is thrust into the hose, and
which has, an expanded portion or flange as usual, and, beyond this a parallel or
cylindrical neck. affording a seat for the end portion of the hose to rest upon. At
the termination of this neck the nipple is formed with a flange or rib extending
around it against which the end of the hose abuts. The collar instead of being
externally conical and screw-threaded, is a plain conical ring devoid of screwthreads..
In putting the parts together, the collar is first passed over the nipple. back of
where the end of the hose is to come, and the hose is then passed over the nipple,
being stretched or expanded thereby, and is forced back on the nipple until its
end comes in contact with the said rib or shoulder. While held in this position

page_text: the collar is forced forward over the hose, its larger end first passing onto the
hose, and by reason of its conical interior compressing the hose tightly against
the nipple. The collar is forced on until its rear or smaller end passes wholly on
to the hose and beyond the end thereof, so that the extreme end portion of the
hose can expand beyond or back of the reduced end of the collar, and as this
end of the collar is made abrupt, the expansion of the hose against it serves to
hold the collar firmly in place. To thus force the collar on requires considerable
pressure, and the operation is best performed in a screw press. To enable the
requisite pressure to be exerted against the collar, as well as to strengthen it, it
is formed with a circumferential rib or flange which projects outwardly sufficient
to afford a secure hold upon the collar. To preveut any twisting of the hose
upon the nipple, the latter is preferably formed upon its cylindrical neck with
one or more lugs or projections which indent the hose.
For further insuring the permanence of the fastening in case of necessity,
I may introduce pointed pins or spurs through the collar to penetrate or indent
the hose. The interior of the collar may also be corrugated with parallel
circumferential corrugations preferably rounded to avoid injuring the hose.
As
a substitute for these corrugations, intermittent slots through the collar may be
provided. As a further means for preventing the slipping back of the collar,
I may form it with thin portions or, lugs near one edge, which when it is in place
may be bent down or pressed into the soft material of the hose to compress the
latter against the enlargement on the nipple, and thereby secure the collar against
slipping back.
A further feature of my invention aims to avoid the abrupt bending of the
hose which is liable to occur at the end of the nipple, and which chafes or wears
the hose at this point. To avoid this I propose to provide the end of the nipple
with a relatively movable thimble projecting a short distance within the hose,
and so connected to the end of the nipple as to be capable of a restricted
universal motion thereupon in the nature of a ball-and-socket joint. Thus the
thimble may move partially with the hose, so that the flexure of the latter is
divided, occurring partially at the end of the thimble and partially at the junction
of the thimble with the nipple. The thimble consists of a short tube, preferably
formed at its base in the segment of a sphere, which is fitted into a spherical
socket in the end of the nipple, and provided with stop fingers or spurs engaging
the nipple to prevent its bending too far.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a sectional elevation of a hose and
its fastening devices embodying part of my invention;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal mid-section of the left part of Fig. 1 on a larger
scale;
Fig. 3 is a section and Fig. 4 an end view of the collar removed;
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal mid-section showing the application of my complete
invention;
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal mid-section of the thimble shown in Fig. 5;
Figs. 7 and 8 are end and side elevations of this thimble ;
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal mid-section showing a modification of my invention;
Figs. 10 and 11 are respectively sections of the thimble and collar in Fig. 9;
Fig. 12 is a section of a slight modification of the collar shown in Fig. 11;
Fig. 13 is a longitudinal mid-section showing a further modification of the hose
fastening;
Figs. 14 and 15 are sections of two modified forms of the collar.
Fig. 16 is a section showing a modification of Fig. 13.
In all the figures of the drawing the hose is designated by A, the nipple by B,
and the collar by C, or its modified forms by C¹ C², etc. In those figures which
show the thimble it is lettered D or D¹.
Referring to Figs. 1 to 4, the nipple B is formed with a tapering head or
enlargement b, terminating in a rounded shoulder, back of which is a long parallel
neck a.
This enlarged head is forced into the hose, so that the end portion of the

page_text: hose embraces the neck a, the end of the hose coming against a shoulder c at the
opposite end of neck a. The collar C is of a sufficient length to embrace and
compress that portion of the hose which lies around the neck a of the nipple, and is
of smaller diameter than the hose when the latter is seated on the neck, so that
when placed over the hose the latter is so tightly embraced that it cannot expand
over the enlargement b. The collar consists essentially of a short undivided tube
of such size and shape that it is capable of being passed over the end of the hose,
that is, from left to right in Fig. 2, and of such size that in being passed onto the
hose it will compress it as shown. To facilitate the putting on of the collar, it is
preferably made conical as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The collar is put in place by
holding the hose with its inserted nipple firmly in a clamp or support, and passing
the collar over the end of the hose and forcing it on to the hose by pressure applied
in line with the axis of the nipple and hose. The collar is thus applied without
any twisting or screwing motion, and consequently without distorting the hose or
forcing it out of a straight line on the nipple. The end of the hose should be
brought against the shoulder c and as this is smaller than the opening through the
collar, the latter is easily passed over the shoulder in forcing it on to the hose. It
is desirable to provide some means for retaining the collar in place on the hose
other than the mere frictional contact of its inner surface with the hose. To this
end 1 may corrugate it as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, by forming rounded concentric
annular corrugations d on its inner surface, into the hollows of which corrugations
the hose expands, so that it strongly grasps them in the manner shown in Fig. 2.
These corrugations are to be distinguished from screwthreads, being annular and
concentric instead of spiral. The rear walk of the collar is made abrupt, so
that the bose by expanding against it also tends to hold the collar in place.
As a further means of preventing displacement of the collar relatively to the
hose, I may provide it with three or more screw spurs e e consisting each of a
screw with a spur point passed through the body of the collar, preferably at
equidistant points, and all projecting radially toward the center, as shown in
Fig. 4. These screws are applied after the collar is in place, and are screwed
up tight against the collar, so that their spurs indent and penetrate the material
of the hose and thoroughly lock the collar to the hose, so that no pull upon
the hose tending to draw it off over the enlarged end of the nipple can draw the
hose out of the collar, but must carry the collar along with the hose, so that the
collar serves to compress the hose against the enlargenient, and thereby to more
firmly fasten the hose to the nipple, the greater is the strain to pull it off. The
screw spurs are passed through holes el made in a flange formed around the
exterior of the collar, and which flange presents a flat and extended face g on its
outer side against which may be exerted the pressure required to force the collar
into place. To enable the hose to be suspended, an eye may be cast on this
Hange, or otherwise ou the collar.
lu Figs. 1 to 4, that part of my invention consisting of the thimble D is
omitted, being shown in Fig. 5. Here the end of the nipple B is shortened
and hollowed out to receive the rounded base of the thimble D. Thus a sort of
ball-and-socket connection is established between the nipple and the thimble which
admits of a slight angular play of the thimble relatively to the nipple so as to
bring their axes slightly out of coincidence. To limit the extent of this motion, it
is preferable to provide stops of some sort, which may conveniently be done by
forming stop-fingers or spurs i within the end of the thimble and projecting beyond
its end within the bore of the nipple, and so as to strike the latter when the thimble
is deflected to the required extent. The thimble D consists essentially of a short
tube adapted to be inserted within the hose and to extend beyond the end of the
nipple, and having a sufficiently free connection with the nipple to enable it to
participate somewhat in the movements of flexure of the hose. The thimble is
preferably tapered to a thin edge at its outer end j in order to support the hose in
its gradual. reduction of diameter from the point where it is stretched over the
enlargement to where it assumes its normal size. As the hose is bent to either

page_text: side out of line with the axis of the nipple, the thimble moves with it to so:ne
extent, or as far as the stops i will permit, and supports the hose in its flexure, and
reduces the extent of flexure of the hose where it bends against the end of the
thimble, compared to what its flexure would be in bending against the end of a
rigid nipple such as is shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The abrasion and wear of the hose
is thus greatly reduced, and its life is prolonged, since it is found in practice that
the hose will almost invariably wear out and give way first where it bends against.
the end of the nipple.
The means for providing a loose connection or joint between the thimble and
nipple may be considerably varied, although the ball-and-socket construction shown.
in Figs. 5 to 8 is considered preferable. As an example of a modification, I have
shown in Fig. 9 a thimble D¹ consisting simply of a sheet metal tube thrust into
the hose, and the larger end of which bears upon the exterior of the conical nose
of the nipple B. As the thimble makes a loose fit with the nipple, it is free to
move thereon, participating in the flexure of the hose. It is shown detached in.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 9 also shows a modification of the collar, the modified form of collar
lettered C¹ being also shown removed in Fig. 11. The collar has a smooth conical
inner surface to cause it to slide as freely as possible over the hose in applying it,
and is held in place when applied by the friction of the hose against its inner
surface, and by the expansion of the hose back of its abrupt rear face k, and by
the pressing down upon the hose and beyond the enlargement 6 of ears 11, the
construction of which is best shown in Fig. 11, where these ears are shown in full
lines flaring outwardly as they are before being applied, and in dotted lines when
bent down to compress the hose, which is done after the collar has been brought to
its place. A very tight and firm union is thus maintained between the collar and
hose.
Fig. 12 shows a further modification of the collar, which is here lettered C², its
inner surface being corrugated as first described, while its outer end is made of
thin metal flaring outwardly in order to pass over the enlargement 6 Fig. 9, after
which this thin portion is compressed to bend it down to embrace the hose against
this enlargement in the manner indicated in dotted lines. The collars C¹ and C²
should be made of malleable iron, or of soft brass or other métal which will admit
of thus bending down the ears after the collar is applied.
Fig. 13 shows a further modification of the collar, which is here lettered C³. Its
inner surface is made conical and smooth and is held in place solely by the
expansion of the rubber hose against its rear face k.
Fig. 14 shows another modification of the collar, which is here lettered-C. The
collar is here a plain conical tube, and is held in place by spurs e é tormed by
means of screws as in the construction first described.
As an equivalent for the corrugations d in Figs. 2, 3 and 12, I have shown in
Fig. 15 a collar lettered C' having elongated slots d'd' which serve the same
purpose as the corrugations, inasmuch as the hose may expand partially into these
slots and thereby create a cling against the collar which will serve to hold the
collar in place..
The construction shown in Fig. 16, which has been found to give advantageous
results in practice, is similar to that shown in Fig. 13, but the collar C is longer.
To prevent the twisting of the hose, the parallel neck a of the nipple is provided
with projections m which indent the hose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination with the hose of a nipple B entering the hose, constructed
with a tapering shouldered head b and an elongated cylindrical neck a, and an
internally tapered collar C having a smaller internal diameter than the exterior
of the hose where distended over said neck, devoid of internal screwthreads, and

page_text: adapted to be forced over the hose to compress the latter against said neck and
prevent its passing the shoulder of said head, substantially as set forth.
2. The combination with the hose of a nipple B entering the hose, constructed
with a tapering shouldered head b, an elongated cylindrical neck a, and a shoulder c
at the rear of said neck, the hose being drawn over 'said neck and terminating
against said shoulder, and an internally tapered collar C having a smaller internal
diameter than the exterior of the hose over said neck, and larger than the exterior
of said shoulder, whereby it may be passed over said shoulder and forced onto the
hose to compress it against said neck and prevent its passing the shoulder of said
head; substantially as set forth.
3. The combination with the hose and the nipple on which it is fastened, of a
thimble within the hose seated against the nipple and projecting beyond it and
connected to it so as to be capable of deflection out of axial line therewith, and
thereby to participate to some extent in the flexing movements of the hose,
substantially as set forth.
4. The combination with the hose and the nipple over which the end of the hose
is stretched and on which it is fastened, of a tapering thimble projecting within the
hose beyond said nipple and having a ball-and-socket connection with the nipple to
admit of its deflection relatively thereto, substantially as set forth.
5. The combination with the hose and the nipple on which it is fastened, of a
thimble projecting within the hose beyond the end of the nipple, and connected
thereto so as to be capable of deflection out of axial line therewith, and stops for
limiting the extent of such deflection, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 28th day of February 1895.
J. C. MEWBURN & ELLIS,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.