IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING T D
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ludwig Gabler, of No. 41, Bernard Street, and'
Maximilian Zingler, of No. 14, Granville Street, both in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING
T
D"
Sealed the 12th September 1862, and dated the 14th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ludwig Gabler and
Maximilian Zingler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th March 1862.
We, LUDWIG GABLER, of No. 41, Bernard Street, and MAXIMILIAN
ZINGLER, of No. 14, Granville Street, both in the County of Middlesex,.
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANU--
FACTURING ARTICLES FROM IVORY AND BONE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in manufacturing articles
from ivory and bone.
For these purposes we take ivory powder, or waste ivory or bone, and reduce
it to a fine powder; this powder we mix up into a dough with a cementing
liquid, such as a solution of gelatine or gum ammoniac, we then press this
dough into a mould or form so as to shape it into the article required. The,
article may have any ornamental pattern upon its surface corresponding with
that on the surface of the mould or form used in its construction. The mould.

page_text: employed is arranged so that it may be closed, in order that a considerable
pressure may be applied to the dough, without causing it to flow out; the joints
of the mould are not, however, so tight as to prevent the escape of the water
or liquid with which the ivory or bond dust is mixed, one principal object of
the pressure being to expel a portion of this liquid. The article is after a time
removed from the mould or form, and soon becomes as hard as ivory, which
in other respects it resembles. Coloring matters may be mixed into the dough
if desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ludwig Gabler and Maximilian Zingler in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 13th September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, LUDWIG
GABLER, of No. 41, Bernard Street,, and MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER, of No. 14,
Granville Street, both in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty, Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Ludwig Gabler and Maximilian Zingler, Her special licence
that we, the said Ludwig Gabler and Maximilian Zingler, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Ludwig Gabler
and Maximilian Zingler, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, 'and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING ARTICLES FROM. IVORY AND. BONE," upon the
condition (amongst others) 'that we, the said Ludwig Gabler and Maximilian
Zingler, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next'and: imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said. Maximilian Zingler, on behalf of
myself and the said Ludwig Gabler, do hereby declare the nature of the

page_text: said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say:
ME
This Invention has for its object improvements in manufacturing articles
from ivory and bone..
.: For these purposes we take ivory powder or waste ivory or bone, and reduce
it to a fine powder, this powder we mix up into a dough with a cementing
liquid, such as a solution of gelatine or gum ammoniac; we then press this
dough into a mould, or form, so as to shape it into the article required. The
article may have any ornamental pattern upon its surface, corresponding with
that on the surface of the mould or form used in its construction. The mould
employed is arranged so that it may be closed, in order that a considerable
pressure may be applied to the dough without causing it to flow out; the joints
of the mould are not, however, so tight as to prevent the escape of the water or
liquid with which the ivory or bone dust is mixed, one principal object of
the pressure being to expel this liquid and the air. The article is after a time
removed from the mould or form, and soon becomes as hard as ivory, which
in other respect's it resembles. Coloring matters may be mixed into the dough
if desired.
Having thus stated the nature of our said Invention, we will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same."""
We prefer to employ when using bone dust the more common gelatine or
glue, but for ivory dust and for making the finer classes of articles we prefer
to use the better classes of gelatine.
In using bone dust and glue, we prepare a strong hot solution of the glue,
using about one ounce of glue to each pint of water, which is allowed to get
cold; we then intimately mix as much bone dust with the solution as will
produce a stiff dough like mixture, which we introduce into a metal mould or
moulds, suitable for producing the particular article or articles desired. The
interior surface of the mould, may be of an ornamental character, or it may be
plain, according to whether the article or moulded mass is or is not to be
subsequently turned or carved, or engraved. When ivory powder is to be
used with the better qualities of gelatine, then we employ somewhat more of
the gelatine to the quantity of water above stated, but in other respects the
treatment is the same.
.
It is desirable in pressing the dough into the moulds that they should be
well filled, so that in expressing some of the dough as much as possible of the
fluid may be expressed from the whole quantity contained in a mould. It is
preferred to employ hydraulic presses, though other powerful presses may be

page_text: used in place thereof. When the moulded articles have become well pressed
and set in the moulds, they are to be removed and allowed to become perfectly
dry. In place of or in combination with gelatine the gum above mentioned
may be used.
In witness whereof, I, the said Maximilian Zingler, have hereunto set!
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER. (L.S.)