A NEW OR IMPROVED DESCRIPTION OF WRAPPER, BLANKET, SHEET, RUG, OR CUSHION IN WHICH A HEATING OR COOLING FLUID MAY CIRCULATE OR BE RETAINED
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest de Pass, of the Office for Patents, 68, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "A NEW OR
IMPROVED DESCRIPTION OF WRAPPER, BLANKET, SHEET, RUG, OR CUSHION IN
WHICH A HEATING OR COOLING FLUID MAY CIRCULATE OR BE RETAINED."
communication from abroad by La Société H. Galante et Fils, of 17, Boulevart
Saint Martin Paris, France.
A
Sealed the 2nd April 1880, and dated the 18th October 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernest de Pass at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1879.
$6
ERNEST DE PASS, of the Office for Patents, 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agent.
'A NEW OR IMPROVED DESCRIPTION OF WRAPPER, BLANKET,
SHEET, RUG, OR CUSHION IN WHICH A HEATING OR COOLING FLUID MAY CIRCULATE
OR BE RETAINED." A communication from abroad by La Société H. Galante et Fils,
of 17, Boulevart Saint-Martin, Paris, France.
This Invention relates to a new or improved description of wrapper, blanket,
sheet, rug, or cushion in which a heating or cooling fluid may circulate or be
retained.
In carrying out the Invention a continuous tube (or several tubes joined together)
folded a number of times in a parallel direction and in the same plane is
placed between two pieces of suitable fabric, or between bands or strips of fabric,
which are connected together so as to constitute a solid whole, or in other words to
constitute a tubular wrapper, blanket, sheet, or like covering.
These tubular articles are divided into two classes, according to their appli-
cation,―
1st. Those for enveloping or wrapping around the whole or any portion of a
person who is to undergo the action of cold or hot water, or of a fluid circulating
through the tube; and
2nd. Those to be placed under or over a person to support or to cover him entirely,
or at any one of the regions of his body; under this class are also included rugs
and cushions for carriages and vehicles of all kinds.
The articles coming under the first class are provided with hooks and eyes,
buckles, or other suitable means of fastening in order to secure them on the person;

page_text: those under the second class with the same means of fastening if necessary, so as to
retain them at the level of the regions with which they are to remain in contact.
The tubes are arranged parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the whole
body of the person, or to one of its parts, and the fastening of the article thereon is
effected in the same direction.
In cases where the article is to envelop or to be wrapped around a person it-
might sometimes be desirable to prevent the renewal of the air comprised between
the person and the inner surface of the article, and for this purpose the two ends of
the article are closed air tightly by means of obturators composed. of an imper-
meable fabric capable of assuming the various forms of those regions to which they
are applied or with which they are in contact; also, for this purpose the longi-
tudinal edges of the article are provided with pads, which by their contact when
the two edges are fitted together ensure the closing of the space comprised between
the article proper and the two obturators, such space being that in which is
enclosed the whole or a portion of the body of the person to which the article is
applied.
Each end of the tube is provided with a joint to which is attached the inlet and
outlet pipes, and each of these pipes is furnished with a stop cock, valve, or other
suitable contrivance for permitting and arresting the flow of the water or other
liquid or fluid.
The water or other liquid or fluid to be used is forced through the tube into the
article by means of a syphon, or by a pump, or by other suitable forcing
apparatus.
When the water is not required to circulate in a continuous manner a funnel can
be applied to one of the joints of the tube, and through this funnel the article can
be filled, and then closed by a screw-plug or other like contrivance.
By preference vulcanised india-rubber tubes are used, but tubes made of gutta
percha or other sufficiently elastic and resisting material may be employed
instead.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
'the said Ernest de Pass in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th April
1880.
86
ERNEST DE PASS, of the Office for Patents, 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agent. A NEW OR IMPROVED DESCRIPTION OF WRAPPER, BLANKET,
SHEET, RUG; OR CUSHION IN WHICH A HEATING OR COOLING FLUID MAY CIRCULATE
OR BE RETAINED." A communication from abroad by La Société H. Galante et Fils,
of 17; Boulevart Saint-Martin, Paris, France.
This Invention relates to a new or improved description of wrapper, blanket,
sheet, or rug permitting the optional circulation of a fluid, and especially of hot or
cold water, steam, etc., the said wrapper, rug, or sheet being constituted by means
of a single tube or of a series of tubes jointed together, but always retaining this
essential feature, that the different portions of the tube are folded parallel to each
other a certain number of times and in the same plane.
In the several applications the tubes will always remain parallel to each other
in the different parts, although the wrapper may assume various forms.
The means by which this wrapper, sheet, or rug obtained may be varied con-
siderably, and the tube through which the fluid passes may be in one length or in
a series of lengths connected together by means of suitable joints. In practice the
tube or tubes is or are arranged between two pieces of any suitable material, which
hold the tube or tubes firmly in position, but any other suitable methods of consoli-
dating or uniting the whole may be employed. The diameter and thickness of the
tube or tubes will of course vary according to the uses for which such tube or tubes
is or are intended. These tubular fabrics or appliances thus produced may be
divided into two classes as regards their application,-
1st. Those intended to completely envelop or cover the whole or certain parts of
the body of a person to be subjected to the action of hot or cold water or other fluid
passing through the tube or tubes.
2nd. Those intended to be placed under or over a person to be supported or
covered entirely or partially, as the case may be; to this class also belong rugs or
cushions for carriages and other vehicles.
The first, or those intended for enveloping or wrapping around a person, are
furnished with hooks and eyes, buckles and straps, or other suitable means of
attachment for retaining the article on the person. If necessary, similar fastenings
may also be applied to articles of the second class, so as to retain them in contact
with the regions desired.
These appliances assume variable forms and sizes, according to the case, regions
of the body, and manner in which they are to be applied. The annexed Drawings
illustrate by way of example certain arrangements of tubular rugs or wrappers made
according to this Invention.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, shows a portion of a tube detached from the fabric or cloth which
is to bind it together to maintain it in position.
Figs. 2 and 3 show respectively a tube folded horizontally and vertically, and
retained in position by the fabric b, and destined for enveloping or covering a body
5 completely.
The tubes a will be parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the entire body
or to a given part thereof, and the fastening is effected on the body as shewn in
Figs. 2 and 3*.
It will be readily conceived that the sizes would vary according as it be proposed
Oto envelop one or another region, as shewn in Figs. 5 and 5×; the forms or shapes
could also be varied, as shewn by way of example in Figs. 4 and 4*.
Where the appliance is for wrapping-up or enveloping, it might sometimes be
found necessary to prevent the renewal of the air comprised between the body of

page_text: the person and the inner surface of the wrapper. To obtain this result the appliance
terminates at both ends in obturators or closing pieces; these obturators or closing
pieces consist of pieces of impervious or other suitable material so shaped as to adapt
themselves to the region or parts to which they are to be applied or are to be in
contact with.
Figs. 6 and 6×, Sheet 2, represent wrappers or appliances for covering the whole
body, and provided with obturators or closing pieces at the neck and feet. For this
same purpose the longitudinal edges are furnished with any sort of padding, which
by coming into contact when the two edges of the appliance are brought together
ensure the closing of the space comprised between the appliance proper and the
obturators or closing pieces, such space being that in which the whole or a portion
of the body of a person is enclosed.
Figs. 6 and 6*, Sheet 2, also show the tubular covering or appliance as it would
appear when applied to a person.
At both ends of the tubes a are fixed joints R, R, to one of which is attached the
inlet pipe h, and to the other the outlet pipe n; to each of these pipes is fitted a
tap, cock, or valve m, n, for regulating the entry or exit of the liquid or fluid.
The water or other suitable liquid or fluid may be introduced into the appliance
by means of a syphon, as shewn in Figs. 6 and 6*, or by a pump, or by any other
convenient means.
The following arrangement of apparatus, shewn in Fig. 7, may be used for the
purpose of obtaining an easy circulation of the water or of an icy cold or hot liquid,
and by its employment the degree of temperature of the liquid before and after its
passage through the tubular appliance wrapping-up the invalid may be readily
ascertained. Another advantage is that one can always and at any moment be
assured that the circulation of the liquid is going on without impediment, and the
working of the liquid is being effected with the greatest ease, as well as the stopping
of the operation.
Fig. 7, Sheet 2, show in detached view the entire arrangement of the cocks and
pipes for the starting and stopping of the apparatus; also the arrangement for indi-
cating temperature and for the superintendence of the working.
The liquid enters through the tube E, and if necessary the flow may be facilitated
by opening the small cock A.
When the cock R is open the degree of opening of the handle may be ascertained
and regulated by means of a horizontal graduated scale placed under it near the seat
of the cock.
The liquid passes into the receiver B when the cock is opened, and a thermometer
T indicates the temperature, thence it passes through the pipe D into the tubular
appliance X, enveloping the invalid (who may be placed on a bed Y, as shewn in
Fig. 8), and returns through the pipe D.
Union joints F, F¹, facilitate the jointing together of the pipes D, D¹.
The liquid in returning through the pipe D₁ passes into the receiver B', which also
carries a thermometer for indicating the temperature of the liquid on its return;
then the cock R being opened at a suitable angle (in accordance with its scale) the
liquid continues its flow, and escapes at any suitable point; for instance, into an
adjacent room by means of the exit pipe S.
In order to avoid too great a pressure of the liquid in the tube constituting the
tubular appliance the cocks R, R¹, should both be opened at the same angle; in this
manner the escape of the liquid will be effected as quickly as the entry takes
place.
In the path of the exit pipe S is a tubulure V serving as a sight hole, and per-
mitting the watching of the circulation of the liquid by means of the gauge, test-
tube, or glass globe placed over or above the sight hole.
By means of this arrangement, which however is not essential but of great
practical utility, the liquid may be allowed to flow into an adjacent room, whilst
the operation is being constantly watched with the knowledge that it is being
effected properly.

page_text: In cases where the water should not flow through the tubular wrapper or
appliance in a continuous manner, and when the apparatus shewn in Fig. 7 is not
used, which as before stated is not essential, a funnel may be adapted to the arrange-
ments shown in the Figures on Sheet 1, and serve to fill the appliance, which could
be then closed by a screw cock, plug, or other suitable means, and readily emptied
on withdrawing the said cock or plug.
.
All these appliances can, according to purpose, regions, or manner of their
application, vary in shape and size, although they would all be constructed on the
same principle.
These rugs could also be used as a kind of water-bed, and would to a certain
extent give the same result as usually given by water-beds or mattresses. They
could also be used as carpets for heating vehicles or carriages.
By preference tubes of vulcanized india rubber are employed, but tubes of gutta-
percha or other material of sufficient elasticity and resistance may be used.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and the manner in which
the same may be carried into practical effect, I declare that I claim,―
.
First. The new or improved description of wrapper, blanket, sheet, rug, or
cushion in which a heating or cooling fluid may circulate or be retained, and
specially cold or hot water, such appliances consisting principally of a single con-
ducting tube or pipe composed of one piece or of several jointed together, but
always presenting the essential feature that the several parts of the tube or pipe are
united together by one or several pieces of fabrics, bands, or the like, and folded
parallel to each other a certain number of times in the same plane, substantially as
described and illustrated.
Second. The special arrangement of tubular wrapper, rugs, or appliances, as
described and shewn by way of example, for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernest de Pass, have hereunto set my hand,
and seal, this First day of April, in the year One thousand eight hundred
and eighty.