IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING OR POLISHING AND DRYING YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Mason, of Rochdale, in the County of Lan-
caster, Machinist, and Samuel Thornton, of the same Place, and Thomas
Spencer Sawyer, of Longsight, in the same County, Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING OR POLISHING AND DRYING
YARNS OR THREADS."
Sealed the 10th August 1855, and dated the 15th February 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Mason, Samuel
Thornton, and Thomas Spencer Sawyer at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 15th February 1855.
We, the said JOHN MASON, SAMUEL THORNTON, and THOMAS SPENCER
SAWYER, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FINISHING OR POLISHING AND DRYING YARNS OR THREADS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to finishing or polishing yarns in such machines
as are provided with a steam or otherwise heated chest on the outside of the
framing over which the said yarns are caused to pass, and consists in causing
the chest to occupy a fixed position, the variations in amount of friction being
obtained by moving one or both of the yarn rollers. A plan we adopt is to
mount the said rollers upon a framework capable of turning upon the axis of
one of them, or upon another axis sufficiently near, that the driving power may
be applied without altering the medium by which motion is communicated; or
the roller to be moved may swing around an extra axis from which it is driven.

page_text: In double or quadruple machiucs, we make one steam chest answer for two sides.
One portion of the yarn may be made to run in contact with another portion
thereof, as in the arrangement for which Letters Patent were granted to Louis
Christian Koeffler, bearing date July Twenty-sixth One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-four; but instead of this other friction surfaces may be adapted. We
also apply an extra steam chest or chests between the two portions of the hank
of yarn, so as to operate on both sides thereof; or we obtain the same effect by
causing the yarn to pass through grooves formed in the heated chest. The
variation requisite for different lengths of hank we obtain by providing one of
the rollers with more than one bearing, or with shifting bearings. In the
aforesaid arrangements of Louis Christian Koeffler, we apply a friction surface
on the outside of the yarn as it passes over the heated chest. We also apply a
friction surface thereto as it passes over the roller or rollers by which it is caused
to travel. Our Invention also consists in a method of keeping the driving strap
for the yarn roller at an uniform tension. Upon a driving shaft is mounted an arm,
the other end of which carries the yarn roller, the axis thereof being connected
to the driving shaft by wheels or by a strap. As the motion of this arm is
around the centre from which the driving power proceeds, the yarn roller may
be raised or lowered without disturbing the arrangement by which rotatory
motion is communicated. The position of the yarn roller may be determined
by fixed adjustment of the radial arm; but the effect may be gained by another
part of our improvements, which consists in weighting it, whereby it becomes
suspended in the yarn. To illustrate this, we will suppose the last-described
arrangement adapted. To the radial arm thereof we adapt a link jointed below
to a lever weighted at one end, and capable of turning upon a centre at the
other. This centre we form as a nut upon a screw, the end of which is
furnished with a bevil wheel, taking into another upon the driving shaft above-
mentioned. By moving these into or out of geer the nut may be turned, and
the lever thereby raised or lowered, so as to remove the weight from' the yarn,
or allow it to bear the roller downward.
Another part of our Invention consists in the application of certain materials
against which the yarn to be finished is caused to travel. To this purpose we
apply yarns of cotton, wool, or other fibrous material, also horse hair, and wire
cards, such yarns not being a portion of the material intended to be finished,
but adapted as a permanent means of gaining friction. Also our Invention
consists in the use of glass, glazed pottery, enamelled metal, or other such
substance, as a medium for imparting friction to the yarn. Another arrange-
ment for polishing or finishing yarns consists in causing a looped-up portion of the
hank to travel around the periphery of a heated drum, at the same time passing

page_text: between friction surfaces. To effect this we adapt a radial arm thereto, carrying at
one end a projecting part or parts, over or between which the material is passed;
the revolution of this arm will continually change the position of the yarn upon
the heated surface, at the same time causing the projecting parts to impart the
necessary friction. Or, instead of this exact arrangement, we loop up the hank
as before described, and by driving the heated surface cause it to be drawn
over or between the said parts. As the yarn travels onward we cause it to
pass in contact with a fixed brush or brushes.
.
.
Another part of our Invention consists in operating upon the yarn by
brushes or wire cards placed on either side of the hank, which at the same
time passes over rollers.
Another part of our Invention relates to the rollers over which the yarn
passes while it is being polished, and consists in grooving the said rollers in
spiral directions, or in lines parallel to or at right angles to the axis, and in
supplying the roller or rollers which drive the yarn with annular recesses,
rings, or pegs, to act as guides for the hanks of yarn. Also our Invention
consists in the application of guides placed in any suitable position between
the hanks of yarn, in order to prevent them from running off or intermingling,
which guides also act as friction surfaces. Also our Invention consists in
grooving that part of the heated chest over which the yarn passes.
Another arrangement consists in causing the hanks of yarn to pass over
rollers, the circumferences of which revolve at different velocities, whereby it is
caused to rub over the surface of one of them.
Another arrangement consists in causing a roller or other friction surface
situate within the hank of yarn to run in contact therewith, another part of
the hank being in contact with the heated surface.
Another arrangement consists in placing the yarn upon a creel, which is
caused to revolve, and at the same time operating upon it by friction surfaces.
The yarn is kept distended by rollers mounted upon arms, which expand with
centrifugal force. Within the creel we adapt vanes which act as a fan for
causing air to pass through the yarn. Independently of the bodily motion of
the yarn, we impart a travelling thereto along the periphery of the crcel, so as
to cause it to pass in contact with a brush or other apparatus for imparting
friction, or we cause the yarn to revolve bodily by placing the hanks upon
rollers carried by revolving arms, which rollers are at the same time caused to
rotato and convey the yarn against friction surfaces.
Another improvement consists in a method of conveying currents of air to
yarns during the process of polishing. For this purpose we cause them to pass
over a surface consisting of a chamber into which air is forced, such chamber

page_text: being provided with perforations at those parts over which the yarn is caused
to travel, or the air may be drawn through by exhausting apparatus.
Another improvement relates to that arrangement of machines for which
Letters Patent were granted to William Edward Newton, bearing date the
Seventeenth February One thousand eight hundred and forty-six, and consists
in forming the vanes which operate upon the yarn hollow, and applying steam
thereto, or we adapt a heated extra surface in contact with which the yarn
passes.
Our last improvement consists in an arrangement for drying yarns after the
bleaching, dyeing, or other wet process. Upon the radial arms of a wheel, or
upon a disc, we affix a number of projecting pins, and upon these place the
yarn to be dried. The wheel or disc being then caused to revolve, the
will be carried through the air. and deprived of their moisture.
yarns
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Mason, Samuel Thornton, and Thomas Spencer
Sawyer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th August 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
MASON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, and SAMUEL.
THORNTON, of the same Place, and THOMAS SPENCER SAWYER, of Longsight,.
in the same County, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Mason, Samuel Thornton, and Thomas Spencer Sawyer, Her
especial license that we, the said John Mason, Samuel Thornton, and Thomas
Spencer Sawyer, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said John Mason, Samuel Thornton, and Thomas Spencer Sawyer,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING OR POLISHING
AND DRYING YARNS OR THREADS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we;
the said John Mason, Samuel Thornton, and Thomas Spencer Sawyer, by
an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and

page_text: seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Mason and Samuel Thornton,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to finishing or polishing yarns in such
machines as are provided with a steam or otherwise heated chest, on the out-
side of the framing over which the said yarns are caused to pass, and consists
in causing the said chest to occupy a fixed position, the variations in amount
of friction being obtained by moving one or both of the yarn rollers. This
improvement is shown at Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1, the former being an end
view and the latter a longitudinal view of a machine constructed with two
steam chests and four sets of rollers, and therefore suited for the polishing of
four rows of hanks at the same time; these Figures also illustrate other portions
of our Invention to be hereafter pointed out. The steam chests are shewn at
a, fixed to the end framings b, and provided with pipes c, through which steam
may be admitted from any convenient source; they are also furnished with
suitable apparatus for removing the water of condensation. On either side of
the steam chests are rollers d, d, e, e'; those shewn at d, e, are mounted upon
shafts which are driven by separate straps f, g, adapted to fast and loose
pullics h, i; the pullies d, e, are driven by straps from the shafts of the rollers
d, e, passing over pullics 24, 25. Upon the axes of the rollers & are mounted,
loosely, links j, to the lower ends of which are jointed rods Z, the other ends
thereof being connected to levers extending from a longitudinal shaft m; this
shaft is provided with a worm wheel n, taking into a worm o affixed to an
axis p furnished with a pulley handle, and it also carries at its extremity a
ratchet g, within the teeth of which is a detaining click r. To the axis p is
attached a lever s carrying a weight t, by which means a tendency to turn is
imparted to the wheel n, and the link j is therefore pressed forward through
the intervention of the rod ; a change of position thus effected is allowable
without deranging the driving medium of the roller d', for its motion will bo
around the centre of the roller d, upon which the pulley 24 is mounted. The
same effect, however, may be obtained by using another centre of motion
sufficiently near to cause but a small amount of difference in length between
the two parts. In order to commence operations with the above-described
side of the machinc, the pulley handle upon the shaft p is turned so as to

page_text: ງ
cause the link to turn upon its centre d, and move the rollers d' outward
from the steam chests a; the banks of yarn may then be strung upon the
rollers d, d', and subsequently distended upon the heated surfaces by turning
the pulley handle p in a reversed direction, and thus the several parts will be
caused to assume the position shewn in the Drawing. Motive power being
then communicated through the strap f, the rollers d, d, will be caused to
revolve and effect the travelling of the yarn, and according to the arrangement
shewn, one portion thereof will rub against another, according to the plan for
which Letters Patent were granted to Louis Christian Koeffler, bearing date
the Twenty-sixth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
The above description has reference to one side of the machine only; the other
is arranged according to a modification of this part of our Invention. To
the links k are adapted rods u, jointed to levers v, affixed to a shaft w, which
shaft is furnished with a hand lever a, carrying a cord or chain Y, which passes
over a pulley z, and bears a weight at its lower end. By turning the hand
lever a, therefore, the links k may, through the medium of the rod 2, be
caused to turn upon their centres so as to move the rollers e¹ outward, in
which position they may be retained by a pin upon the lever a passing over a
spring lever 1. The hanks of yarn may now be strung on, and upon the
lever a being released they will be borne by the weighted cord or chain y on
to the steam chest. In order to assist the above operation, and gain a greater
tension upon the yarn, we connect rods as at 2 to the joints of the rods u, the
former of these being adapted at their lower ends to treadles, as at 3, turning
upon a centre at 4; the attendant, therefore, by placing a foot upon the treadle,
may cause the rods 2 to move upward, and assist the power applied through
the lever a; the weighted treadle, upon being released, also adding to the force
by which the yarn is drawn against the steam chest. In reference to this part
of our Invention we would observe, that although we have described one roller
only as being moveable, the two or more for each set may, if desired, be caused
to advance towards and recede from the heated surface.
The next part of our Invention is also shewn in the Figs. 1 and 2 above referred
to, and which consists in the employment of one steam or otherwise heated
chest for two sides in double or quadruple machines. The Figures represent
the latter construction; and it will be perceived that at either end of the
machine there are two ranges of yarn running in contact with one chest,
during which it may be caused to rub against itself, as in the Patent of Louis
Christian Koeffler, before referred to, and shewn on one side, or it may be
operated upon by other friction surfaces.
Another part of our Invention consists in the employment of an extra

page_text: heated surtace or surfaces, situated between the two portions of the hanks of
yarn, so as to operate upon both sides thereof. One form of this arrangement
is shown at the left-hand side of Fig. 1, in which one extra steam chest 5 is
situate, so that the inward side of the hanks of yarn run in contact therewith.
This chest
may receive a separate supply of steam, or may be united at one end
to the other chest, in which case the space between the two will be as a groove
formed in one vessel. In order to obtain the variation in the arrangement of
rollers necessary for different lengths of hanks, we provide for one of the
rollers a series of bearings or a shifting bearing. This will be illustrated by
reference to Figs. 3 and 4, in which j, j*, represents a bar which may be
supposed the link of Fig. 1; in this case, however, it is formed in two parts
capable of sliding on each other, each part being provided with a series of
holes, through which a bolt may be passed in order to secure the two in any
desired position. Upon the lower end of the part is formed a bearing 6
for the reception of the roller d¹ of Fig. 1, and this roller may therefore be
moved and secured upward or downward, so as to be at greater or shorter
distance from the roller d. This is shewn as combined with a stationary steam
chest, but it may be adapted to a moveable chest if desired, and in place of
the one shifting bearing the roller may be mounted in a framework provided
with two or more separate bearings at different distances apart from the
bearing of the other roller over which the yarn passes.
Our next improvement consists in applying a friction surface to the outside
of the yarn as it passes over the steam chest. This is shown at the right-hand
side of Fig. 1, and also in Fig. 2, in which 7 are levers mounted upon a shaft
g, which shaft also carries another lever 10, upon which is a weight 8 capable
of being adjusted from the centre of motion by a screw; each upper end of
the levers 7 carries a bar 11, upon which a brush or other substance 12
capable of generating friction is placed; as the yarn therefore travels onward
it is caused to rub upon the said brush with an effect proportionate to the
weight applied to the lever 10. This part of our Invention is applied in com-
bination with the first portion thereof, but it is evident that it is equally
applicable to machines with moveable steam chests. According to the arrange-
ment shewn, the link ; upon being removed back will cause the roller d' to
arrive in contact with a projecting part 13. by which means the beams and
their brushes will be carried free from the yarn. At 12 is another friction
surface, which we apply to the yarn as it passes the stean chest, supposed to
be of padded cloth, but other substances may be used; it is shewn mounted
upon the steam chest, and may be adjusted backward or forward by screws or
other means.

page_text: Another part of our improvements consists in applying to polishing machines
an apparatus for imparting friction to the yarn as it passes the roller or rollers,
by which it is caused to travel. This is shewn at the left-hand side of Fig. 1,
in which 14 represents one of two levers mounted upon a shaft 15, and carry-
ing a bar to which is attached a brush or other friction surface 16. To the
shaft 15 is affixed a lever 17, carrying a weight 18, and by which the brush
16 is caused to press against the material as it travels onward. This part of
our improvements may also be applied to machines constructed generally on
other plans; but, according to the arrangement shewn, the withdrawal of the
link will allow the brush to fall forward until arrested by the arrival of
the lever 14, in contact with a fixed stop 20.
upon
Another part of our Invention consists in a method of keeping the driving
strap for the yarn rollers at an uniform tension, although such rollers may alter
in position in order to provide for the stretching of the material. This has been
described, in reference to Fig. 1, as accomplished by means of the links j, k,
and is shewn in the detached sectional view 5 in another form. The rollers
I which the banks of yarn are placed are shewn at d, d'; the latter is
mounted in a radial arm 5, extending from a shaft 1; this shaft is provided
with a pulley 2, over which a band 3 passes, conducted therefrom by guides to
a pulley 4, mounted upon the axis of the roller d, and driven by the main
strap. The shaft 1 is furnished with a toothed wheel 6, taking into another
7, upon the axis of the roller d'. Motive power being communicated by the
driving strap will therefore cause the roller d' to revolve, and as the hanks of
yarn become stretched, the lever 5 may turn upon its centre 1 so as to pro-
vide for such increased length, and the several positions necessarily assumed
by the said lever may be maintained by set screws or other ordinary apparatus.
The Fig. 5 now referred to, however, shews how this object may be effected by
another part of our improvements, consisting in weighting the roller so that it
becomes suspended in the yarn. This is as follows:-To the radial arm 5 is
jointed a rod 8, connected at its lower end to a weighted lever 9, the fulcrumi
of which is a nut 10, placed upon a vertical screw 11; the upper end of this
screw carries a bevil pinion 12, situate between two others mounted upon the
shaft 1, and into gear with either of which it may be placed by causing the
screw 11 to vibrate within its step bearing through the agency of a hand
lever 13, the inward end of which also serves as a bearing for the screw 11.
By this arrangement the roller d¹ is borne downwards by the weighted lever 9,
and will be allowed to fall as the yarn stretches by the turning of the radial
arm 5; but as this change of position will cause the pinion 7 to move around
the circumference of the pinion 6, the means by which rotatory motion is

page_text: transmitted will not be deranged, and we are therefore enabled to drive both
of the rollers over which the yarn is placed. During the operation of polish-
ing the yarn, the pinion 12 will occupy a position clear of the others upon the
shaft 1, and the nut 10 will remain stationary; but the process having been
completed, the attendant turns the hand lever 13 so as to bring the said
pinion 12 into gear with one of them, upon which the screw 11 will be caused
to revolve, and elevate the nut 10, upon which the lever 9 will be caused to
fall until it rests upon a fixed stop 14, after which the further ascent of the
nut will thrust upward the rod 8, and thereby turn the arm 5 upon its centre,
releasing the yarn, and permitting its removal.
Another part of our Invention consists in the application of certain mate-
rials against which the yarn to be finished is caused to travel. To this purpose
we apply yarns of cotton, wool, or other fibrous material, also horse-hair and
wire cards, such yarns not being a portion of the material intended to be
finished, but adapted as a permanent means of gaining friction. Also our
Invention consists in tho use for the like purpose of glass, glazed pottery,
enamelled metal, or other such substance. These materials may be adapted
at any required situations where a friction upon the yarn is desired.
Our improvements also relate to another arrangement of machinery, in
which a looped-up portion of the hank of yarn is caused to travel around the
periphery of a heated drum, at the same time being acted upon by friction
surfaces. This arrangement is shewn as a quadruple machine in two views at
Figs. 6 and 7, Sheet 2, one of the operative parts in the latter being drawn in
section. Upon the framework are mounted two stationary shafts a, b, upon
either end of each of which are fixed drums c, capable of being supplied with
steam through a passage d, and at e is another channel for the escape of water
of condensation. Upon the axes a, b, are mounted loosely arms f, and upon
the bosses g thereof are mounted loosely other arms h; the former of these
arms carries screws i, taking into nuts j, affixed to the latter; cach pair of
arms, therefore, though capable of moving independently, may be secured to
each other by the said screws, and in that arrangement caused to revolve by
means of pulleys m, fixed to the bosses of the arms h. To the arms f, h, are
affixed projecting pins k, l, formed of the substances constituting another part
of our Invention, and above mentioned, or they may be of metal, wood, or other
suitable substance. On commencing operations with this machine the atten-
dant turns the screw i, so as to cause the arms f, h, to separate from each other;
the hanks of yarn are then placed upon the drums c, and over the pins 7, after
which the screw is turned in the other direction, and the arms brought nearer
together so as to tighten the pink upon the hanks, thereby bringing the several

page_text: parts into the position shewn in the Drawing. The driving power being now
communicated through the pulley m, the arms h, f, will be caused to revolve
together, and carry the yarn around the heated drum, during which operation
the looped-up portion will be continually changing its position, and will con-
sequently be dragged against the surfaces of the pegs k, l. If desired, a brush
or other such apparatus may be carried by the arm h, so as to bear upon the
yarn as it passes over the pegs l. The process having been completed, the yarn
is removed by separating the arms f, h, as above described. Instead of this
exact arrangement the same effect may be produced by making the arms
stationary, and causing the heated drum to revolve.
We
Another part of our Invention consists in operating upon the yarn by
brushes or wire cards, fixed on either side of the hank, which at the same,
time passes over rollers. This arrangement is shewn in the detached view Fig. 8,
Sheet 1, in which e, e¹, are supposed to be two rollers in fixed bearings, and 5
the steam chest, capable in this instance of being moved, so as to tighten the
yarn within the hanks. There is is a brush or block of wire cards a, and on the
outside thereof a similar apparatus, mounted upon a weighted lever, as shewn
at 12 in Fig. 1; between these two friction surfaces, therefore, the yarn is
caused to travel as it passes over the rollers e, e¹. To the lever 10 we apply a
cam or other such apparatus connected to a moving part of the machine,
whereby the said lever may be caused to vibrate upon its centre so as to cause
the brush 12 to move out of and into the threads as they travel onward.
have shewn and described flat brushes, but they may be rotatory, if desired.
Another part of our improvements relates to the rollers over which the yarn
passes during the polishing process, and consists in grooving the said rollers in
spiral directions, or in lines parallel to or at right angles to the axis, and in
supplying the rollers which drive the yarn with annular recesses, rings, or with
pegs to act as guides for the hanks. In Fig. 2 and at the right-hand side the
rollers d, d', are formed with spiral lines according to our Invention. In the
detached view Fig. 9 the grooves are cut at right angles to the axis, and in
Fig. 10 parallel thereto. Fig. 11 is a detached view of a roller formed with
annular recesses constituting guides for the hanks; these recesses may be
obtained by cutting out the spaces or by adding rings to the surface of a roller,
or in place thereof a number of pegs may be adapted, following annular lines
around the roller.
Another part of our Invention relates to the application of guides placed in
any suitable position between the several hanks of yarn, in order to prevent
them from running off or intermingling. This part of our Invention is carried
out by another portion thereof described in reference to Fig. 11; but in that

page_text: case the guides are rotatory. In Fig. 1 a stationary apparatus is adapted to
illustrate this improvement. At the right-hand side thereof a series of pegs
is
shewn at 21, projecting from the under side of the steam chest, and between
which pegs the hanks of yarn are caused to pass. At the left-hand side of
Fig. 1 that part of the steam chest over which the yarn passes is furnished
with projecting parts 22 (see the detached view Fig. 12), which will answer
the purpose of the pegs 21. These guides, in addition to the office above
mentioned, serve as surfaces for imparting an increased amount of friction to
the material.
Our improvements also consist in grooving that part of the heated chest
over which the yarn passes. This improvement is shewn at the right hand of
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, in which the said chest is grooved, as shewn at 23.
Another part of our improvements consists in causing the yarn to pass over
rollers, the circumferences of which revolve at different velocities, whereby it
is caused to rub over the surface of one of them. Thus, in Fig. 2, Sheet 1,
the pulley 24 is of greater diameter than that shewn at 25. The roller d',
upon the axis of the latter, will therefore, as regards its surface, move through
a greater space than the roller d in the same time, and the yarn will therefore
be compelled to slip and rub upon the latter.
Another improvement consists in causing a roller or other friction surface
situate within the bank to run in contact therewith, another part of the hank
being in contact with the heated surface. This we will illustrate by reference
to Fig. 1, Sheet 1.-Supposing, for the present purpose, that the part 5, before
lescribed as a stationary steam chest, is a roller receiving rotatory motion from
any convenient part of the machine, the steam chest a, and rollers c, e', being
used as above mentioned. Another arrangement of machinery consists in placing
the yarn upon a creel which is caused to revolve, and at the same time operating
upon it by friction surfaces. Within the creel we mount vaues to operate as
a fan. Independently of the bodily motion of the yarn, we impart a travelling
motion thereto along the crcel.
Figs. 18 and 14, Sheet 2, exhibit this part of our Invention. Upon a
shaft a are mounted two plates between which are a series of rollers c, con-
stituting an apparatus similar to a creel. Over these rollers the hanks of yarn
are placed, and a slack portion left is subsequently tightened by means of a
roller d, the ends of which are passed into slots e, formed in pieces on the
inside of the plates. In this position it is kept during the revolution of the
creel by arms, attached to a fan m. mounted loosely upon the shaft a, so as
to be capable of being turned round, and bring the arms f clear of the slot c.
When, however, this operation is performed, and the machine is at rest, the

page_text: creel will have been turned round, so as to bring the outward end of the slote
uppermost, in order to prevent the roller d from falling out. Upon the shaft a
is mounted fast a pulley g, over which a strap passes, and from thence to a
pulley, mounted upon the axis of one of the rollers c. To a lever i is affixed
a brush j, kept in contact with the yarn by means of levers k, prevented from
contracting by a pin i. When it is desired to remove this pressure the levers
arc forced inward until the lever i arrives in contact with the pin l. The shaft
a having been put in motion, the yarns will be caused to revolve bodily against
the fixed brush j, at the same time the strap between the pulleys g, h, will
cause the latter to revolve, and communicate a travelling motion to the yarn
around the periphery of the creel. During this operation the fan m will be
carried round by the roller d, bearing against the arms f; but as there will be
a resistance of air against the vanes thereof, the yarn will be kept in a dis-
tended state; the said fan also by its revolution will cause a current of air to
pass outward, and effect the drying of the yarn. In order to assist the tight-
ening of the yarn, the grooves e are made excentric to the shaft a, whereby
the roller d is caused to fly outward by centrifugal force. We also cause the
yarn to revolve bodily by placing the hanks upon rollers carried by rotating
arms, which rollers at the same time impart a travelling motion to the material
under operation. This arrangement is shewn in two views at Figs. 15 and 16,
Sheet 1. The main driving shaft is shewn at a, upon which is fixed a boss b,
carrying a plate c, provided with brackets c*, which carry rollers f. Upon the
boss b is mounted, loosely, another boss, furnished with projecting arms c, within
which rollers & are mounted. The plates c and e are forced apart by means of
a coiled spring g, one end of which is attached to each of those parts; the
yarn, therefore, being placed upon the rollers d, f, will be kept by the said
spring in a state of tension, as seen in the Drawing, which also shows it as
bent out of its straight course, by means of pegs i attached to the arms c.
To the framework which carries the shaft a are affixed drums j, carrying on
their peripheries a series of friction surfaces k, composed of padded cloth or
other material, or they may be brushes, as shown in part. Upon the shaft a
is a fast pinion l, taking into a pinion upon a shaft in front of that shown at a,
and seen at the right-hand half of Fig. 16; these parts being there respec-
tively denoted by m, o. This shaft has also another pinion corresponding to
that seen at n in gear with a pinion p loose upon the main shaft a, and pro-
vided with a tooth less than that shewn at n. The pinion p is in gear with
wheels 9. which are mounted upon the plate c, and act as intermediates for
communicating rotatory motion to the rollers f. The machine being put in
motion, the hanks of yarn will be carried bodily around the shaft a, passing in

page_text: contact with the friction surfaces k; at the same time the fast pinion will
cause the shaft o to revolve, and drive the pinion p through the medium of
that corresponding to n; but it is obvious that if the teeth were equal in
numbers that the pinion p would revolve at the same rate as the shaft a, and
would not communicate rotatory motion to the wheels 9. which are themselves
carried around the said shaft. The pinion p, however, as before stated, has
one tooth more or less, and will consequently gain upon the shaft, and com-
municate a slow rotatory motion to the rollers f, through the medium of the
wheels g, thereby causing the yarn to travel onward simultaneously with their
bodily motion. Upon the operation being completed, the two parts c, e, are
contracted against the spring g, and the hanks may then be readily removed.
The machine is represented as quadruple, there being two sets of plates c, e,
one at each end of the driving shaft, and each plate being furnished with rollers
at either side, so as to carry yarn for two friction apparatus k. The pegs i we
have shown with projecting parts r, which act as guides according to our
Invention previously described.
Another part of our improvements refers to a method of conveying currents
of air to yarns during the process of polishing. For this purpose we cause them
to pass over a surface consisting of a chamber into which air is forced, such
chamber being provided with perforations at those parts over which the yarn is
caused to travel. This is shewn at Fig. 17, Sheet 1, in which a is a chamber,
furnished with a series of apertures b, arranged in lines corresponding to the
travelling direction of the hanks, which may be operated upon by revolving
beaters, as at e, or by other apparatus to effect the polishing. As this operation
is continued, air forced into the chamber a will be driven through the yarn,
and effect the drying; or in place of this the chamber a may be exhausted, so
as to cause the external air to pass into it through the yarns.
Another part of our improvements relates to that construction of machine
for which Letters Patent were granted to William Edward Newton, bearing
date the Seventeenth February, One thousand eight hundred and forty-six. In
that arrangement revolving vanes are employed, over and between which the
hanks of yarn are caused to pass.
Our improvement consists in forming such vanes hollow, and applying steam
or other heating medium thereto; or, instead of this, we use the vanes according
to the original plan, and adapt au extra surface, heated so as to impart a drying
effect to the material.
The last part of our improvements refers to the drying of yarns, after tho
bleaching, dyeing, or other wet process, and is shewn in two views at Figs. 18
and 19, Sheet 2. Three wheels a are mounted upon a shaft b, to which motive

page_text: power may be applied. To one of those on the outside are attached a series
of pieces c, having slots with open ends for the reception of rods h, which rods
pass into loops d, carried by the other wheels, and are there retained by spring
catches e. The yarns to be dried are strung upon rods f, which are then placed
in the loops g; the other rods h are now passed through the yarns applied to 5
the loops d, and secured by the catches e, and the whole is caused to revolve
rapidly until the material is sufficiently dried.
.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be understood
that we claim, as secured to us under the above in part recited Letters Patent,- 1
First, the use of a stationary steam, or otherwise heated surface or surfaces,
situate on the outside of the framing.
.
Secondly, the use of a roller or rollers (over which the yarn passes), capable
of being advanced towards or drawn from such heated surfaces.
Thirdly, as applied to double, quadruple, or other multiplicatė machines, the 1
use of one heated surface for two sets of hanks of yarn.
Fourthly, the application of a steam or otherwise heated surface or surfaces
to the interior of the hank, in combination with a heating surface on the exterior
thereof.
Fifthly, we claim applying a friction surface to the outside of the yarn as it
passes over the heated surface, as shewn at 12 and 12*, Fig. 1.
Sixthly, applying friction to the yarn as it passes over a roller or rollers, by
which it is caused to travel.
Seventhly, in reference to machines with a heating surface or surfaces sta-
tionary during the operation upon the material, and illustrated at Figs. 1 and 5,
we claim the mounting of one of the yarn rollers, so that it may be moved
around the centre from which it is driven, or around another centre sufficiently
near to answer the same purpose; also, in reference to Fig. 5, suspending one
of the rollers within the hanks of yarn; and, also; we claim the screw 11, and
apparatus connected therewith..
Eighthly, the application of the aforesaid materials as media for imparting
friction to the yarn.
Ninthly, in reference to Figs. 6 and 7, we claim the use of a stationary
heated surface, around which a looped-up portion of the yarn is caused to
travel; also, causing the said heated surface to revolve, the parts which hold
the looped-up portion being stationary.
Tenthly, in machines provided with steam chests stationary during the
operation upon the material, the use of brushes or wire cards, placed on either
side of the bank, which material at the same time passes over rollers.
9

page_text: Eleventhly, grooving the roller or rollers by which the yarn is driven; also, in
reference to such rollers, constructing them with annular recesses, rings, or pegs.
Twelfthly, as applied to machines in which a heated surface is employed,
and in which the yarn is operated upon outside the frame work, the use of
guides placed between the hanks in any suitable part of the machine.
Thirteenthly, grooving that part of the heated surface over which the yarn
passes.
Fourteenthly, causing the yarn to pass over rollers which revolve at unequal
speeds as regards their surfaces.
Fifteenthly, the application of a rotatory friction surface situate within the
hanks, another part thereof being in contact with a heated surface.
Sixteenthly, in reference to Figs. 18 and 14, the use of an apparatus similar
to a swift or reel, for conveying the yarn bodily against a friction surface, and
also at the same time imparting an independent travelling motion to the yarn;
also the use of a fan mounted within the revolving hanks.
Seventeenthly, in reference to Figs. 15 and 16, we claim mounting the banks
upon rollers which convey them bodily against friction surfaces, such rollers
imparting at the same time an independent travelling motion.
Eighteenthly, causing yarn during the process of finishing or polishing to
pass over a vessel, through apertures formed in which, and corresponding to the
situation of the yarn, air is blown or drawn.
Nineteenthly, in reference to the patent machine of William Edward
Newton aforesaid, we claim making the vanes thereof hollow, and heating
them; also the application to such machine of an additional steam or otherwise
heated surface.
Lastly, in reference to the drying of yarns, in the bleaching, dyeing, or other
wet process, we claim stringing such yarns upon rods, mounted on radial arms,
and causing the same to revolve.
In witness whereof, wc, the said John Mason and Samuel Thornton, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourteenth day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
ΤΟΠΑΙ ΧΕΙΡΟΥ