IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MANY OTHER PURPOSES."AL
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hanson, of Wakefiold, in the County of York,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO MANY OTHER PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hanson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1881.
JOHN HANSON, of Wakefield, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE, WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MANY OTHER PURPOSES."
In my Specification to Letters Patent dated the 28th of Jane 1875, No. 2675,
I described certain improvements in the treatment of sewage, and in the manu-
facture of manure therefrom by a process of chemical precipitation. Some of the
chemical ingredients employed, not only in my process, but in many others, are
required to be ground in a mortar-pan by steam power before being used in the
said treatments, thereby involving the attendance of skilled labour during such
operations; also the engine for feeding the mortar-mill and regulating the supply
of chemical ingredients or solutions required constant attention and manipulation,
besides the heavy expenses for fuel consumed.
According to my present Invention I provide automatic machinery or apparatus,
which is worked and controlled by the ingress and flow of sewage to be subjected
to treatment, thereby avoiding the above mentioned expenses of skilled labour and
fuel.
In carrying out my Invention I arrange within a suitable tank or receptacle a
pair or a number of pairs of oscillating sewage or water levers, placed side by side
immediately below the point of ingress of the sewage. These levers are troughed
shape in section, diminished in height from their respective fulcra, which are
provided at the ends nearest the sewage supply pipe, and are so arranged by their
connections that one treadle or lever shall be always up and the other down.
The whole source of motive power and automatic action of the combined
apparatus bereinafter described is derived from the intermittent oscillation of these

page_text: levers under the weight of the flowing sewage to be treated. The levers being of
tapering trough shaped section, immediately one receives the flowing sewage it
descends and discharges it into the tank or tanks provided for its subsequent
treatment, while the other simultaneously rises to receive the action of the flowing
sewage, and so maintain a constant source of motion.
To these levers are attached the requisite flexible or other connections for
imparting the requisite motion to the different parts of the apparatus at the
required intervals.
Chains, ropes, or other suitable connections are carried from these levers to a
proper indicating dial or guage, so that the quantity of sewage subjected to
treatment in a certain time is automatically measured and recorded.
The grinding mill is an arrangement of a number of wheels or rollers, so placed
that one wheel or roller runs over a space where others have not run, or only
partly run. The mill-trough is forined with sides and ends similar to an ordinary
box, having an aperture over the sewage discharge so that the chemical solution
may mix or mingle with the sewage water on its entering the apparatus.
Near the grinding mill and connected with a water supply is arranged a
tumbling or other suitable valve or cock for supplying the mill with water for
grinding and mixing purposes.
One or more hoppers are situated near the grinding-mill; these hoppers are
controlled by slides so that they may be automatically actuated for feeding or
supplying the mill with a definite determined quantity of chemical material.
The mill water supply and discharge of chemical ingredients from the hopper or
hoppers are all automatically worked and controlled by connections froin the
oscillating sewage levers previously described. Chains or other arrangements
may be, for example, attached to the levers, and have connection to the hopper
slides, so that a prescribed quantity can be allowed to fall into the grinding-mill at
the proper intervals.
Similarly connections are provided with the valve of the water supply, so that
a definite quantity of water may be discharged into the mill for grinding and
mixing purposes, so as to obtain a chemical solution of a certain invariable
standard strength.
When such process has been automatically performed, the grinding mill is run
forwards or backwards by similar connections with the oscillating levers, so as to
grind and dischargo its chemical solution or preparation into the sewage flowing
immediately beneath, working the oscillating motor-levers on its way to the
precipitating tank.
Thus it will be readily understood that great economy may be derived by
utilising such natural and necessary source of power, while all the parts of the
apparatus receiving automatic motion may be so timed and arranged so as to
prevent any waste of chemicals, and at the same time secure regular and reliable
treatment. Also that should the hoppers be made sufficiently large to contain a
week's supply of chemical materials, the house containing the machinery can be
locked up without attention for a week, or so long as the hoppers can supply
material; and however little or great the flow of sewage may be, the automatic
machinery will treat accurately, as described.
Although I have only described my Invention in connection with the treatment
of sewage, it is obvious that such apparatus may be most advantageously worked,
not only by sewage, but any other water, and applied to various other purposes
where bydraulic power can be utilized.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Hanson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th April
1882.
JOHN HANSON, of Wakefield, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE, WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MANY OTHER PURPOSES."
In the Specification filed in pursuance of Letters Patent No. 2675, granted to
me as of the Twenty eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy five, I described certain improvements in the treatment
of sewage and in the manufacture of manure therefrom by a process of chemical
precipitation. Some of the chemical ingredients employed not only in my process
but in many others are required to be ground in a mortar pan by steam power
before being used in the said treatments, thereby involving the attendance of skilled
workmen during such operations; also the engine for feeding the mortar mill and
regulating the supply of chemical ingredients or solutions required constant
attention and manipulation besides the heavy expenses for fuel consumed.
According to my present Invention I provide automatic machinery or apparatus
for effecting the above purposes, which is worked and controlled by the ingress
and flow of the sewage or liquid to be subjected to treatment, thereby avoiding the
above mentioned expenses of skilled labor and fuel.
In carrying out my said present Invention I arrange within a suitable tank or
receptacle a pair or a number of pairs of oscillating levers, placed side by side
immediately below the point of ingress of the sewage. These levers are trough
shaped in section, preferably diminishing in depth from their fulcra which are
provided at the ends nearest the sewage or liquid supply pipes or passages, and
are so arranged by their connections that one lever of the pair (or of each pair)
shall be up whilst the other lever of the pair (or of each pair) is down.
The whole source of motive power and automatic action of the apparatus for
effecting the operations hereinafter described is derived from the alternate
oscillation of these levers under the weight of the flowing sewage or liquid to be
treated. The said levers being of tapering trough shaped section as described,
immediately one (or one of each pair) receives the sewage, it descends and dis-
charges it into the tank or tanks provided for its subsequent treatment or preci-
pitation, whilst the other of the pair (or of each pair) simultaneously rises or rise
to receive the action of the flowing sewage, and so maintain a constant motion to
actuate the necessary machinery.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the Figure on the annexed Sheet of Drawings.
The accompanying Drawing represents machinery or apparatus provided with
means for causing the fall or flow of sewage or liquid to be treated to actuate the
necessary mechanism for grinding the chemical ingredients with which the sewage
or liquid is to be treated and for supplying the same to the mill, and regulating
its supply to the sewage or liquid in proportion according with the quantity of
sewage or liquid passing through the apparatus.
The levers a, b, are mounted upon the fulcrum rod at 8, and are of the wedge
like trough form shewn. A pipe or passage or pipes or passages q conduct or
conducts the sewage or liquid to be treated to above the trough levers a, b, and
the exits from the said pipes or passages one over each trough lever are closed and
opened by sluices or valves r, r
When the sewage or water is flowing it is diverted by means of the said sluices,

page_text: valves (or other suitable arrangements), and so caused to pass alternately first into
one trough lever and then into the other. Thus when the lever a is up the sluicer
is likewise up or open, and conversely when the lever bis down the sluicer is
closed. When the lever b is caused to rise the rod /* closes the sluicer belonging
to the lever a, and when the lever a is caused to rise the rod e² closes the sluice r
belonging to the lever b.
As either of the levers a and b is caused to fall by the admission of liquid into
it the other lever rises to receive liquid, and by its fall thereafter to raise the other
lever which has emptied itself by its fall, and so on, the levers rising and falling
alternately (the one opening the sluice for the other) and regulating the supply of
chemical and operating the mill and performing the other operations, as described.
The grinding mill for grinding the chemical employed for purifying (such as
black ash waste and lime) consists of an arrangement of grinding wheels or
rollers n, so placed near to each other that as they are moved over the grinding
surface of the mill trough n², each roller respectively runs over a space over which
the other rollers have not run, or over which they have only partly run. The mill
trough n² has sides and ends like an ordinary box, having an aperture over the
sewage discharge, so that the chemical matters may be pushed or run therefrom
by the action of the machine to meet and mix with the sewage or the like passing
through the apparatus.
A hopper or hoppers as at jis or are situated above the mill, it or they being
provided with an adjustable slide 1 (or slides) opened at each stroke of the
machine to discharge the necessary quantity of chemical matter to the mill at each
stroke.
The discharge of the chemical matters from the hopper or hoppers is automati-
cally worked and controlled by connections from the oscillating sewage levers
previously described. Chains or ropes may be attached to the levers and have
connection to the hopper slides, so that a prescribed quantity can be allowed to
fall into the grinding mill at the proper intervals; connections and apparatus are
provided for a water supply, so that a definite quantity of water may be discharged
into the mill for grinding and mixing purposes, so as to obtain a chemical solution
of a certain unvariable standard strength.
When such process has been thus automatically performed the grinding mill is
run forward or backwards by similar connections with the oscillating levers so as to
grind and discharge its chemical solution or preparation into the sewage flowing
immediately beneath, working the oscillating levers on its way to the precipitating
tank.
a
The Drawing illustrates convenient connections for the purpose of giving move-
ment to the various parts at the proper times from the alternating rise and fall of
the levers b. The said levers a, b, are respectively connected by links d and c to
the one arm of double or bell crank levers e, f, having their respective fulcra on
shafts, c'. The other arms of the levers c, f, are connected by links e², f³, bell
crank levers g², h², and links g, h, to the sluices 2, 71, which respectively open or
close the passages for the liquid from the sewage pipe or passago g.
o forms a connection from a lever f³ on the shaft f¹ to the carriage carrying the
rollers n to cause the said carriage to be pulled forwards, the said carriage being
pulled back by the link p, lever p² (turning on the centre p³) and rod i connected
to the lever e³ on the shaft e¹.
An arm
The lever p' on the shaft p³ operates the arm p³, and alternately opens and
closes the valve of the hopper to allow the chemical matter to escape at
intervals by the pipe m to the mill, thence to be passed to the sewage, or
liquid.
A connection is or may be carried from a moving part (as at u) in order to
actuate an indicator to shew the amount of sewage or liquid subjected to
treatment or passing through the apparatus.
It will be readily understood that by my Invention great economy may be
derived by utilising such natural and necessary source of power, while all the

page_text: parts of the apparatus receiving automatic motion may be so timed and arranged
as to prevent any waste of chemicals and at the same time secure regular and
reliable treatment. Also, that should the hoppers be made sufficiently large to
contain a week's supply of chemical materials, the house containing the machinery
can be locked up without attention for a week, or so long as the hoppers can
supply material, and however little or great the flow of sewage may be the
automatic machinery may treat it accurately as described.
Although I have only described my Invention in connection with the treatment
of sewage, it is obvious that such apparatus may be most advantageously worked
not only by sewage but any other water, and applied to various other purposes
where hydraulic power can be utilised.
It will also be obvious that, although I have only described one pair of levers,
that any number of pairs may be employed, if desired, and that chains or other
means of transmitting motion to the various parts may be adopted in place of the
precise arrangements shewn.
It will also be understood that, although the shape of the trough levers shewn in
the Drawing is the best form with which I am acquainted for carrying my
Invention into effect, yet that I do not limit myself to this form, as any other
convenient or suitable form can be adopted for the purpose of operating automa-
tically after the manner described through suitable connections to the part or parts
to be operated. For example, a modified form might consist of receptacles (the
equivalents of the trough levers), the said receptacles being similarly arranged in a
pair or in pairs, and suspended from or connected with levers or the like for
operating the mechanisın, so that the said receptacles are alternately receiving
water when elevated and being emptied by tipping or the like when lowered in a
manner substantially equivalent to that hereinbefore described.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
"
A machine or apparatus for the treatment of sewage and for other purposes, the
essential feature of the said machine or apparatus being the employment of a pair
or of pairs of sewage or liquid levers or receptacles as described to operate the
mechanism for supplying the necessary and regulated quantity of chemical material
for actuating the griuding mill or rollers and supplying the said chemical
material to the sewage for operating the indicator or for performing one or more or
all of these and other necessary or analogous operations essentially as herein-
before described.
In witness whercof, I, the said John Hanson, have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal, the First day of April, One thousand eight hundred