IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Alexander Sanderson, Robert Sander-
son, and James Sanderson, all of the Firm of R. and A. Sanderson
and Company, of Gala Mills, Galashiels, in the County of Selkirk,
Scotland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER
BOILERS."
Sealed the 1st January 1874, and dated the 31st October 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Alexander
Sanderson, Robert Sanderson, and James Sanderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 31st
October 1873.
We, WILLIAM ALEXANDER SANDERSON, ROBERT SANDERSON, and
JAMES SANDERSON, all of the Firm of R. and A. Sanderson and. Com-
pany, of Gala Mills, Galashiels, in the County of Selkirk, Scotland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM AND OTHER BOLLERS," to be as follows:-
-

page_text: disposed that the products of combustion are made to circulate round
them in easy curves; and to a means of trapping the sediment and
removing the scum from the feed water of boilers, so as to prevent
such sediment and scum from settling on and incrusting their internal
surfaces.
In constructing our improved boiler we place over a horizontal
cylindrical compartment a similar compartment, at some distance above
the former, and we connect these compartments by tubes, preferably
tapering to a larger diameter upwards. These tubes are arranged not
directly behind each other, but in a waving or zig-zag order, and the
sides of the flues which enclose them are also constructed of a gently
waving form corresponding to the arrangement of the tubes, so that the
products of combustion from the furnace in passing along these flues are
caused to bend gently out of the straight course and circulate over the
greater part of the surface of the tubes without any sudden deflections. -
Instead of employing only two cylindrical compartments, as above
described, we sometimes use four or more such compartments, two or
more on the lower level, and two or more above; and besides connecting
each of the lower compartments by tubes with that above it, as already
described, we provide also tubes of double breeches form, having at
their lower and upper ends branches to both of the compartments. These
brecches tubes besides providing additional heating surface serve also as
communications between the various compartments of the boiler.
For trapping the sediment and removing the scum from the water
supplied to such boiler, as we have described, or to boilers of other
kinds we provide within the boiler a closed cylinder or open vessel. We
introduce the feed water into it by a pipe diffusing the stream through a
number of small holes, or we introduce it at the one end and check its
speed towards the other end by diaphragms. As the injected water
becomes heated to the temperature of the water of the boiler it deposits
the sediment at the bottom of the vessel..
; For the purpose of feeding and blowing off the boiler we provide a
valve at each end of the vessel on the upper side opening towards the
interior of the boiler. Through these valves the feed water enters the
boiler. For the blow off we provide at each end on the lower side of
the vessel a valve opening towards the exterior of the boiler. When
the boiler is being fed the upper valves open, the lower valves close

page_text: and the water from the upper portion of the vessel is discharged into the
boiler. When the boiler is being blown off the feed valves close, the
lower valves open and the sediment is scoured out of the vessel. by the
rush of the water under boiler pressure.
For removing the scum we attach to the blow through a pipe having
a trumpet-mouthed end placed at or slightly below the surface water
level, and by this means discharge at one and the same time the top
water with the scum of the boiler and the sediment contained in the
vessel.
The closed cylinder may be placed either in the steam or in the water
space.. The open vessel is preferably placed in the steam space with its
baso in the water space, in which positions the blow through has the
scouring effect above described. When the open vessel is placed wholly
in the steam space or wholly in the water space it has to be cleaned
out periodically.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Alexander Sanderson, Robert Sanderson,
and James Sanderson in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 29th
April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM.
ALEXANDER SANDERSON, ROBERT SANDERSON, and JAMES. SANDERSON,
all of the Firm of R. and A. Sanderson and Company, of Gala Mills,
Galashiels, in the County of Selkirk, Scotland, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said William Alexander Sanderson,
Robert Sanderson, and James Sanderson, Her special license that wc,
the said William Alexander Sanderson, Robert Sanderson, and James
Sanderson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such .others
as we, the said William Alexander Sanderson, Robert Sanderson, and
James Sanderson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all

page_text: .
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER BOILERS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Alexander
Sanderson, Robert Sanderson, and James Sanderson, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands
and scals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next, and immediately after the date of the said Letters. Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Sanderson, on behalf of
myself and the said William Alexander Sanderson and James Sanderson,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked.
thereon, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to an arrangement of cylinders and tubes so as
to constitute a boiler presenting large heating surface, with the tubes so
disposed that the products of combustion are made to circulate round
them in easy curves; and to a means of trapping the sediment and
removing the scum. from the feed water of boilers, so as to prevent
such sediment and scum from settling on and incrusting their internal
surfaces.
In constructing our improved boiler we place over a horizontal
cylindrical compartment a similar compartment, at some distance above
the former, and we connect these compartments by tubes, preferably
tapering to a larger diameter upwards. These tubes are arranged, not
directly behind each other, but in a waving or zig-zag order, and the
sides of the flues which enclose them are also constructed of a gently
waving form corresponding to the arrangement of the tubes, so that the
products of combustion from the furnace in passing along these flues are
caused to bend gently out of the straight course and circulate over
the greater part of the surface of the tubes without any sudden
deflections.

page_text: Instead of employing only two cylindrical compartments, as above
described, we sometimes use four or more such compartments, two or
more on the lower level, and two or more above; and besides connecting
each of the lower compartments by tubes with that above it, as already
described, we provide also tubes of double breeches form, having at
their lower and upper ends branches to both of the compartments. These
breeches tubes, besides providing additional heating surface serve also as
communications between the various compartments of the boiler.
For trapping the sediment and removing the same from the water
supplied to such boiler as we have described, or to boilers of other kinds,
we provide within the boiler a closed cylinder or open vessel. We
introduce the feed water into it by a pipe diffusing the stream through a
number of small holes, or we introduce it at the one end and check its
speed towards the other end by diaphragms. As the injected water
becomes heated to the temperature of the water of the boiler it deposits
the sediment at the bottom of the vessel.
For the purpose of feeding and blowing off the boiler we provide a
valve at each end of the vessel on the upper side opening towards- the
interior of the boiler. Through these valves the feed water enters the
boiler. For the blow off we provide at each end on the lower side of
the vessel a valve opening towards the exterior of the boiler. When
the boiler is being fed the upper valves open, the lower valves close,
and the water from the upper portion of the vessel is discharged into the
boiler. When the boiler is being blown off the feed valves close, the
lower valves open, and the sediment is scoured out of the vessel by the
rush of the water under boiler pressure.
For removing the scum we attach to the blow through a pipe having.
a trumpet-mouthed end placed at or slightly. below the. surface water
level, and by this means discharge at one and the same time the top
water with the scum of the boiler and the sediment contained in the
vessel.
The close cylinder may be placed either in the steam or in the water
space. The open vessel is preferably placed in the steam space with its
base in the water space, in which positions the blow through has the
scouring effect above described. When the open vessel is placed wholly
in the steam space or wholly in the water space it has to be cleared out.
[periodically.

page_text: Fig. 1 of the Drawings shews a longitudinal section of a steam boiler.
constructed according to our Invention; Fig. 2 shews a transverse
section of the same; and Fig. 3 shews a sectional plan.
The upper cylindrical compartments A, A, are connected to the lower t
cylindrical compartments B, B, by means of tapering water tubes C, C,
arranged in a zig-zag or waving order, as shewn, and the sides of the
flue which encloses them are constructed with angular or circular pro-
jections D, D; and cavities D¹ and projecting piers D₁ are provided in
the central passages so arranged relatively to the water tubes that the 1
products of combustion from the furnace E in passing along the flue are
caused to bend gently out of the straight course and circulate over the
greater part of the surface of the tubes, as indicated by the arrows,
without any sudden deflections; F, F, are the double breeches tubes
connecting the two upper compartments A, A, with the two lower
compartments B, B.
may
G is the before-described vessel for trapping the sediment and
removing the scum from the water of the boiler. This vessel cither
be open at top, as at G, Fig. 2, or it may be a closed cylindrical vessel,
as at G¹. The feed water is introduced through a pipe H whence it a
passes through a valve I into a perforated pipe K extending along the
top of the vessel, so that the feed water enters the latter quietly through
the perforations. The sediment becomes deposited in the bottom of the
vessel G, and when it has accumulated to a certain extent the cock L is
opened, whereupon the steam pressure in the boiler in the case of the
closed cylinder will force the water through the trumpet-mouthed
pipe M and the valve N into the vessel, so as to carry off the deposit,
discharging the same through the valve N¹ and discharge pipe O..
In the case of the open vessel the scum water will pass into the
1

page_text: The trumpet-mouthed pipe M serves both to collect the scum and
blow off the sediment, as before described.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we claim,—
First. The zig-zag or waving arrangement of the water tubes con-
necting the upper and lower compartments of boilers, substantially as
and for the purposes herein described.
Second. The angular or curved construction of the sides of the flues
corresponding [with the zig-zag arrangement of the water tubes, sub-
stantially as herein described.
Third. The use of the before-described double breeches pipes for
connecting the several upper and under compartments of the boiler,
substantially as herein described.
Fourth. The before-described apparatus for trapping the sediment and
discharging it from the boiler by means of the scum water.
"
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Sanderson, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four,
tantnna