Improvements in and relating to Window Sashes and Frames.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Feb., 1894-Accepted, 31st Mar., 1894
[Communicated from abroad by PHILIP STOVER RIDDELLE, Doctor of Medicine,
FENTRISS GORDON KERLIN, Insurance Agent, both of Woodstock, Virginia,
United States of America, and BENJAMIN FRANKLIN DYER, Insurance
Agent, of Melrose, Massachusetts, United States of America.]
Improvements in and relating to Window Sashes and Frames.
I, DAVID YOUNG, Patent Agent, of the Firm of D. Young & Co. of 11 & 12
Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object to provide new and improved window-sash
attachments by which sashes can be conveniently and easily raised or lowered, and
also revolve on an horizontal axis to facilitate cleaning the glass, or for ventilating
purposes; and whereby the sash-carrying slides can be held in any desired position
while the revolving sash can be locked to the slides to prevent swinging of the sash
until it is released by proper manipulation of the finger pieces of fastening devices
carried by the slides.
The invention also has for its object to provide novel mechanism carried by the
slides and susceptible of adjustability for facilitating the raising and lowering
movement of the sash, and for preventing rattling thereof in the window frame.
The invention also has for its object to provide novel slide-bars for carrying the
rotating sash, whereby spring-yielding anti-friction rollers and mechanism for
adjusting the tension of the roller springs can be housed in the slide-bars, and
the latter may be light in weight while possessing the requisite strength and
durability.
The invention also has for its object to provide the slide-bars which carry the
rotating sash with novel locking devices for securing the sash in its closed position,
or at any desired height.
To accomplish all these objects the said invention comprises the features of
construction and the combination of arrangement of devices hereinafter described
and claimed, reference being made to the accompanying drawing, in which
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a window-frame and sash provided with the said
invention.
Figure 2 is a detail perspective view, showing portions of the window-frame,
sash-frame, the slide-bars, and the locking devices.
Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 3-3, Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a detail vertical sectional view on a larger scale to illustrate the
construction of the slide-bars and the adjustable anti-friction rollers.
Figure 5 is a plan view, looking at the inside of one of the slide-bars, and
showing a portion of the sash swung at an angle to said slide-bar; and
Figure 6 is a detail perspective view of the key employed to adjust the tension
of the springs which operate on the anti-friction rollers.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the said invention, I
will now describe the same in detail, referring to the drawing, where the numeral I
indicates a window-frame, and 2 a sash-frame having on its vertical edges the rigidly
attached metallic wear plates 4, which are preferably secured in place by screws 5,
Figure 5.
The sash-frame 2 is journalled centrally between its upper and lower ends to
metallic slide-bars 6 through the medium of horizontal pivot pins 7 which extend
through the side rails of the sash-frame inte suitable orifices in the slide-bars in

page_text: such manner that when the sash-frame is not held by the locking devices hereinafter
explained, such sash-frame can be revolved in a vertical plane, for the purpose of
enabling the window glass or glasses, to be quickly and conveniently cleaned. The
revolution of the sash-frame on the horizontal pivot pins 7 also enables the sash to
be swung into different positions to secure the desired ventilation of a room in a
building, or of a railway car, or other vehicle having my invention applied
thereto.
The slide-bars 6 are each formed of a channelled iron, the longitudinal channel
in which is utilized for the reception of rack-bars 8 adapted to be reciprocated in
opposite directions through the medium of a key 9, Figure 6, inserted through the
key-hole 10, Figure 4, when the sash is swung at an angle to the slide-bars, for
example as shown in Figure 5.
The key is provided with two parallel pins 12 which respectively engage the
teeth 13 of the rack-bars 8, so that when the key is in engagement with the said
teeth and is rotated or turned, the rack-bars are moved longitudinally in opposite
directions. The upper and lower ends 14 of the rack-bars bear upon flat or leaf
springs 15, which. are rigidly secured at one end to the slide-bars 6, as at 16, while
their free extremities bear against the tail pieces 17 of roller-carrying levers 18
which are pivoted to the slide-bars through the medium of pivot pins 19. The
levers 18 carry anti-friction rollers 20 which are bevel faced or conoidal, and are
adapted to ride upon guide-rails 21, Figure 3, in such manner as to force the sash-
frame outwardly against the bead 19ª of the window-frame, as will be understood
by reference to Figure 3. The action of the springs 15 on the tail-pieces 17 of the
roller-carrying levers 18 enables the rollers 20 to yield in a direction parallel with
the plane of the window glasses, and, consequently, the slide-bars, with the sash-
frame journalled thereto, can be easily and conveniently raised or lowered at all
times, notwithstanding swelling or shrinking of the window-frame or sash-frame;
while shrinking of the sash-frame or window-frame does not result in rattling,
because the spring-pressed anti-friction rollers compensate for shrinkage, and
steady the sash-frame in the window frame. The toothed ends of the rack-bars 8
are cut away, as at 23, so that they can move opposite each other in the same
plane, and thus enable the channelled slide-bars to be made comparatively
narrow.
The slide-bars 6 are secured to the lower ends of metallic bands 24, or other
suitable suspension devices which engage spring-drums 25 journalled in the
window-frame in juxtaposition to the top portion thereof in such manner that when
the slide-bars are not held under restraint, the spring-drums operate to wind up
the bands 24 and thereby elevate the window-sash. The window-sash is locked in
its closed position, or at any desired height through the medium of one of the
slide-bars, for which purpose one of the side flanges of such slide-bar is provided
with a series of locking notches 26, with any one of which a spring-bolt 27 is
adapted to engage. The bolt 27 is adapted to slide horizontally in a bolt-case 28
having a flange 29 provided with screw-holes by which to secure it in proper
position to the window-frame. The bolt carries a pin 30 which extends laterally
through a slot 31 in the bolt-case, and upon the projecting part of this pin bears
one end of a spring 32 which is carried by the bolt-case, so that the spring tends
to force the bolt 27 outward into engagement with the locking notches 26 of the
slide-bar. The bolt is also provided with a pin 33 which extends laterally through
the slot 31 at the side opposite the pin 30, and against this pin 33 bears one end
of a lever-arm 34, pivoted at its opposite end, as at 35, to the bolt-case 28, and
provided between its ends with a lateral stud 36, against which bears one arm 37
of a bell-crank lever 38 which is pivoted at its angle, as at 39, to the bolt-
case 28. The other end 40 of the bell-crank lever projects outside the window-
frame, and, as will be understood by reference to Figure 3, carries a finger-piece 41
which is pivoted between its ends to the arm 40, as at 42, for the purpose of
forming a tail-piece which is provided with a stud 43 adapted to bear against the
inner edge of the arm 40 when the finger-piece is in the position shown in Figure 3,

page_text: whereby pressure on the finger-piece in a direction towards the sash-frame will
rock the bell-crank-lever 38 and cause its arm 37 to act on the stud 36 and swing
the lever-arm 34 in the proper direction to retract the bolt 27 from engagement
with the toothed slide-bar 6, enabling the sash to be raised or lowered. The
object of the lever-arm 34 and bell-crank lever 38 is to secure a considerable
length of movement of the bolt 27 by a comparatively small movement of the
finger-piece 41; and the object of pivoting the finger-piece 41 so as to provide a
tail portion which carries a stud 43 is to enable this finger-piece to swing the bell-
crank lever 38, and at the same time permit the finger-piece to be swung outward
away from the window-sash, so as to place such finger-piece out of the path of
the sash-frame when it is desired to revolve the same on the horizontal pivot
pins 7.
The construction and arrangement described places the locking mechanism for
the notch slide-bar in a very compact form, so that it does not present any very
extended part, while at the same time the requisite movement of the locking-bolt
is obtained through the medium of a comparatively small finger-piece which is
susceptible of being swung out of the way when the sash is to be revolved.
In order to lock the sash to the slide-bars, and thus prevent it from being
revolved until intentionally released, I provide the lower end portion of each slide-
bar with a rock shaft 44 having a latch 45 projecting in one direction, and a
stud 46 projecting in the opposite direction, and bearing against a flat spring 47.
The latch 45 is adapted to engage a recess or slot 48 in the lower end portion of
the wear-plate 4 when the rock-shaft is turned in the proper direction, thereby
locking the sash to the slide-bar. The rock-shaft is provided at one end with a
finger-piece 49 which can be swung in the are of a circle for turning the rock-shaft
to cause the latch 45 to enter or leave the recess or slot 48. When the rock-shaft
is turned in the direction required to release the latch 45 from engagement with
the recess or slot 48, the spring 47, acting on the stud 46, holds the rock-shaft
against accidentally turning.
The rock-shafts on the respective slide-bars are the same in construction, and
therefore a description of one is deemed sufficient for both.
When the slide-bars and sash are held slightly elevated, or at such height that
a person's hand could be inserted from the outside to manipulate the finger-piece 49,
it is desirable to prevent the latch 45 from being entirely disengaged from the
recess or slot 48, while the sash is more or less elevated, especially where the sash
is raised a short distance and locked by the bolt 27, as for instance for ventilating
purposes during the night, for, obviously, if the finger-piece 49 could then be
manipulated to entirely disengage the latch 45 from the recess or slot 48, a
burglar, or unauthorized outsider could release and revolve the sash and gain
access to the apartment To avoid this, the finger-piece 49, one or both, is
provided with a lateral projection 50 which, when the sash is slightly elevated, as in
Figure 3, will strike the surface of the inner window bead or strip 52, and thus
prevent the finger-piece from being moved the required extent to turn the rock-
shaft and entirely disengage the latch 45 from the recess or slot 48. But when
the sash is tightly closed down, the projection 50 can enter a recess or notch 53
in the inner bead or strip 52, and consequently the finger-piece can be moved
the required extent to entirely disengage the latch 45 from the recess or slot 48,
whereupon the sash-frame can be revolved on the horizontal pivot pin 7.
I also provide notches or recesses 54 in the beads or strips 52 in juxtaposition
to the finger-piece 41, so that when the sash is raised to a considerable height, the
projections 50 can enter such notches or recesses 54 for releasing the sash-frame
and permitting it to be revolved or rotated.
When the slide-bars 6 are suspended by the bands or suspension devices 24, as
herein before explained, it is only necessary to provide a single locking device for
locking the sash-frame to one of the slide-bars, as for example the toothed slide-
bar; but where suspension bands or devices are not employel it is desirable to
employ a finger-piece 49 with a projection 50 on each slide-bar, so that when the

page_text: sash and slide-bars are elevated and the sash is revolved, the projections 50 can
enter the notches or recesses 54, and thus prevent each slide-bar frean falling
downward out of proper position.
In a sash-frame which is adapted to revolve on a horizontal axis, and at the same
time be raised and lowered through the medium of slide-bars, the anti-friction
rollers and the adjusting mechanism for varying the pressure of the anti-friction
rollers are very desirable features, in that they render the sash susceptible of being
easily raised and lowered, notwithstanding swelling of the sash-frame or the
window-frame; while if the wooden parts shrink, rattling and disagreeable noises
are prevented, because the spring-pressed rollers compensate for shrinkage and
steady the sash-frame in the window-frame.
The free extremities of the leaf springs 15 have a tendency to spring in a
direction away from the bottom walls of the channelled slide-bars, but they are
held under restraint by the end portions 14 of the slides 8, and the pressure of the
springs on the tail-pieces 17 of the roller-carrying levers 18 is increased if
the slides 8 be moved towards the pivots 19 of said levers 18, and conversely the
pressure of the springs on the tail-pieces 17 is diminished when the slides 8 are
moved in a direction away from the pivots 19. By this means the pressure of the
conoidal anti-friction-rollers 20 against the rails 21 is increased or diminished as
occasion may demand.
I have illustrated my invention as applied to a single sash, but obviously it may
be applied to both sashes.
The faces of the slide-bars 6, contiguous to the wear-plates 4, are provided with
longitudinal depressions, and the wear-plates are correspondingly shaped to
accurately fit thèse depressions, as will be clearly understood by reference to
Figure 3, for the purpose of providing perfect joints between the slide-bars and
the wear-plates. This construction does not interfere with the revolution of the
sash-frame, because the slide-bars are susceptible of yielding towards the sides of
the window-frame when force is applied to one end of the sash-frame for the purpose
of turning it on its pivot pins.
☑
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The combination of slide-bars carrying spring yielding anti-friction rollers,
spring-drums having suspension bands connected with the slides, means for
varying the pressure of the rollers against parts of the window-frame, a rotatable
sash journalled to the slide-bars, a lock for engaging and locking one of the slide-
bars, and a lock for locking the sashes to one of the slide-bars, substantially as
described.
2. The combination of slide-bars carrying spring yielding anti-friction rollers,
means for varying the pressure of the rollers against parts of the window-frame, a
rotatable sash journalled to one of the slide-bars, a lock for engaging and locking one
of the slide-bars, and a latch mounted on one of the slide-bars for engaging the
sash-frame and having a finger-piece provided with a projection 50 adapted to enter
a recess or notch 53 in 'a part of the window-frame, whereby the sash-frame cannot
be revolved until the projection enters the recess or notch, substantially as
described.
'
3. The combination, with slide-bars, and a sash-frame carried thereby, of levers
pivoted to one of the slide-bars and carrying an anti-friction roller, a leaf-spring
acting on the roller-carrying lever, a slide movable more or less over the leaf-
spring to vary the power exerted thereby on the roller-carrying lever, and means
for moving the slide longitudinally on the slide-bar, substantially as described.
4. The combination, with slide-bars, and a sash-frame carried thereby, of levers
pivoted to the slide-bars, carrying anti-friction rollers and having tail-pieces, leaf-
springs acting on the tail-pieces of the levers, and slides movable in opposite
directions and engaging the leaf-springs to vary the power exerted thereby on the

page_text: roller-carrying levers, and means for moving the slides in opposite directions,
substantially as described.
5. The combination, with longitudinally channelled slide-bars, and a sash-frame
carried thereby, of levers pivoted in the channels of the slide-bars and carrying
anti-friction rollers, leaf-springs acting on the roller-carrying levers, and slides
arranged in the channels of the slide-bars and movable in opposite directions to
more or less engage the leaf-springs, and means for moving the slides in opposite
directions, substantially as described.
6. The combination, with slide-bars, and a sash-frame carried thereby, of levers
pivoted to the slide-bars and carrying anti-friction rollers, leaf-springs acting on the
levers and oppositely movable slides provided with toothed portions and bearing
against the leaf-springs, and a device for engaging the toothed portions of the
slides to move them in opposite directions, substantially as described.
7. The combination, with slide-bars, and a sash-frame journalled thereto, of a
rock-shaft mounted on one of the slide-bars and having a latch 45 to engage a part
of the sash-frame, and a finger-piece 49 having a projection 50 adapted to enter a
recess or notch in a part of the window-frame, whereby the sash-frame cannot be
released and revolved until the said projection enters the said recess or notch,
substantially as described.
8. The combination, with a slide-bar having a longitudinal notched portion, and
a revolving sash journalled to the said slide-bar, of a bolt 27 adapted to engage in
the notches of the slide-bar, a pivoted lever-arm 34 engaging a part of the bolt, a
bell-crank-lever 38 having one arm engaging a part of the said pivoted lever-arm,
and a finger-piece 41 pivoted to the other arm of the said bell-crank-lever,
substantially as described.
9. The combination, with a channelled slide-bar having a series of locking
notches 26 and containing pivoted levers 18 carrying anti-friction rollers 20, leaf-
springs 15, and slides 8 movable more or less into engagement with the said springs,
of a bolt 27 adapted to engage the locking notches of the slide-bar, a pivoted lever-
arm 34 bearing against a part of the bolt, a bell-crank-lever 38 having one arm
engaging a part of the lever-arm and a finger-piece 41 pivoted to the other arm
of the bell-crank-lever, substantially as described.
Dated the 13th day of February 1894
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.