Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 28th May, 1886.
Complete Left, 28th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 1st Apr., 1887.
DESER
I ADOLPHE FRITSCHI of 5 Rue St. Georges, Paris, in the republic of France,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of pure carbonic oxide gas and my
improved process of manufacture is based upon the property possessed by a solution of
copper in hydrochloric acid of dissolving at a temperature varying between 0° and 50°,
a volume of carbonic oxide equal to twenty times its own volume and of subsequently
allowing this gas to be disengaged either by raising the temperature of the liquid to
about 70° or by forming a vacuum above the liquid placed in a hermetically closed
vessel.
Between 0 and 50° the gas will be dissolved but not combined the cupreous
solution is not altered and can serve an indefinite number of times for the absorption
and subsequent release of the gas.
For the above purpose two modes of operating may be employed. The first consists
in causing the carbonic oxide gas to be absorbed by the solution and then heating this
solution to 70°, in order to effect the disengagement of the gas. This process renders
it necessary to employ at least three similar apparatuses, videlicet, one for the absorption
of the gas, another for the disengagement of the same and a third subjected to a
cooling operation for bringing back the temperature of the liquid to about 10°.
The second process which I will now describe consists in causing the carbonic oxide
gas to be absorbed by the aforesaid solution and in subjecting the latter to a sufficient
depression in order to again obtain the gas. I have found by experiment that when
the saturated solution of carbonic oxide is subjected to feeble depressions it releases
the gas but the latter only becomes abundantly disengaged under the influence of
depressions comprised between 550 millimetres and 630 millimetres of mercury.
Small portions of hydrochloric gas are carried away with the carbonic oxide gas and
must be removed therefrom.
The apparatus is constructed firstly of one or more gas producers worked at a high
pressure for the purpose of producing carbonic oxide gas mixed with a small quantity
of carbonic acid, nitrogen and hydrogen; secondly of a column in which cold water
is injected and having for object to cool the gas coming from the gas producers. This

page_text: column can be dispensed with when the gas producers are situated at a long distance
from the other apparatuses; thirdly of a casing made of lead forming a barometric
tube and reservoir and containing the solution of cupreous chloride. This casing is
traversed throughout by two series of pipes likewise made of lead and perforated with
a number of small holes; one set of pipes communicates with the gas conduit leading
from the gas producer and from the column; the other set of pipes communicates
with the force pipe of a pump. Upon the cover of the casing is formed a tubular
neck through which escape the nitrogen, carbonic acid gas and hydrogen insoluble in
the solution as well as a certain quantity of carbonic oxide. These gases not being
dissolved still retain a certain calorific power as they contain hydrogen and carbonic
oxide and they can therefore be utilized for heating steam generators; fourthly, of an
exhauster for drawing the carbonic oxide gas from the upper part of a barometric tube
and forcing it into a pipe communicating with a gasometer. This exhauster should be
provided with a steam jet in order to eliminate the traces of hydrochloric acid carried
away with the carbonic oxide; fifthly of the hereinbefore described pump for drawing
the liquid deprived of carbonic oxide from the upper part of the barometric tube and
forcing it through the second series of pipes. This pump is absolutely necessary in
order to ensure the proper working of the apparatus as it has already been stated that
the disengagement of carbonic oxide is only abundant with a depression comprised
between 550, 630 and 760 millimetres of mercury, 630 millimetres being the maximum
attained by means of my apparatus. The layer of liquid yielding the gas has a height
of about 1 millimetre equivalent to the pressure produced by a column of mercury
630-550 or 80 millimetres high, and when this layer is exhausted it will have to be
renewed that is to say replaced by saturated liquid; this can only be effected by means
of a pump or similar apparatus. The exhausted liquid and the saturated liquid having
about the same specific gravity, no movement can be automatically produced in such a
mass in sufficiently short a period of time to ensure a constant disengagement.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-
The liquid having been introduced into the casing the exhauster is operated until the
required depression is obtained; the pump is then worked and the gas from the gas
producer cooled by the first set of pipes is admitted; the carbonic oxide is then
dissolved and removed as fast as it is absorbed by the exhauster; the apparatus having
once been placed in operation it will continue to work for an indefinite period of time
care being taken that when the apparatus is not operating the cupreous solution shall
be prevented from coming into contact with the air so that no oxidation shall take
place. When the apparatus is working no heed need be taken if the solution becomes
altered as the gases bubbling therein are free from oxygen.
Instead of employing a pure solution of cupreous chloride other chlorides may be
added thereto which will increase the specific gravity of the liquid thus allowing of
the use of apparatus of small height, in this case however the liquid will absorb less
than a volume of gas equal to twenty times its own volume and it will consequently
have to be more frequently renewed in the apparatus than when a pure solution is used;
a pump of much greater dimensions than in the former case will therefore be
required.
G. F. REDFERN,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: I ADOLPHE FRITSCHI, of 5, Rue St. Georges, Paris, in the republic of France,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to the manufacture of pure carbonic oxide gas and my
improved process of manufacture is based upon the property possessed by a solution
of copper in hydrochloric acid of dissolving at a temperature varying between
0° and 50° a volume of carbonic oxide equal to twenty times its own volume and of
subsequently allowing this gas to be disengaged either by raising the temperature of
the liquid to about 70° or by forming a vacuum above the liquid placed in a
hermetically closed vessel.
Between 0° and 50° the gas will be dissolved but not combined the cupreus solution
is not altered and can serve an indefinite number of times for the absorption and
subsequent release of the gas.
For the above purpose two modes of operating may be employed. The first consists
in causing the carbonic oxide gas to be absorbed by the solution and then heating this
solution to 70° in order to effect the disengagement of the gas. This process renders
it necessary to employ at least three similar apparatuses, viz-one for the absorption
of the gas, another for the disengagement of the same and a third subjected to a cooling
operation for bringing back the temperature of the liquid to about 10°. The second
process which I will now describe consists in causing the carbonic oxide gas to he
absorbed by the aforesaid solution and in subjecting the latter to a sufficient depression
in order to again obtain the gas. I have found by experiment that when the saturated
solution of carbonic oxide is subjected to feeble depressions it releases the gas, but the
latter only becomes abundantly disengaged under the influence of depressions comprised
between 550 /m and 630mm of mercury. Small portions of hydrochloric gas are
carried away with the carbonic oxide gas and must be removed therefrom.
The apparatus is constructed firstly of one or more gas producers A worked at a
high pressure for the purpose of producing carbonic oxide gas mixed with a small
quantity of carbonic acid, nitrogen and hydrogen; secondly of a column B in which
cold water is injected and having for object to cool the gas coming from the gas
producers. This column can be dispensed with when the gas producers are situated at
a long distance from the other apparatuses; thirdly of a casing a, b, c, d, e, f, g made of
lead forming a barometric tube and reservoir and containing the solution of cupreous
chloride. This casing is traversed throughout by two series of pipes t,t, t, t¹², t¹,
likewise made of lead and perforated with a number of small holes; one set of
pipes t, t,t communicates with the gas conduit G leading from the gas producer A and
from the column B the other set of pipes t¹, t, communicates with the force pipe r
of a pump.
'
Upon the cover of the casing is formed a tubular neck T through which escapes the
nitrogen, carbonic acid gas and hydrogen insoluble in the solution as well as a certain
quantity of carbonic oxide. These gases not being dissolved still retain a certain
calorific power as they contain hydrogen and carbonic oxide and they can therefore be
utilized for heating steam generators; fourthly, of an exhauster H for drawing the
carbonic oxide gas from the upper part of the barometric tube a, b and forcing it into
a pipe h communicating with a gasometer. This exhauster should be provided with a

page_text: steam jet in order to eliminate the traces of hydrochloric acid carried away with the
carbonic oxide; fifthly, of the hereinbefore described pump P for drawing the liquid
deprived of carbonic oxide from the upper part of the barometric tube a, b and forcing
it through the second series of pipes t, t,t. This pump is absolutely necessary in
order to ensure the proper working of the apparatus as it has already been stated that
the disengagement of carbonic oxide is only abundant with a depression comprised
between 550, 630 and 760 /m of mercury 630 / being the maximum attained by
means of my apparatus. The layer of liquid yielding the gas has a height of about 1
equivalent to the pressure produced by a column of mercury 630-550 or 80 m/m high,
and when this layer is exhausted it will have to be renewed, that is to say, replaced by
saturated liquid, this can only be effected by means of a pump or similar apparatus.
The exhausted liquid and the saturated liquid having about the same specific gravity,
no movement can be automatically produced in such a mass in sufficiently short a
period of time to ensure a constant disengagement.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-
The liquid having been introduced into the casing a, b the exhauster H is operated
until the required depression is obtained, the pump P is then worked and the gas
from the gas producer cooled by the first set of pipes t, t, t is admitted; the carbonic
oxide is then dissolved and removed as fast as it is absorbed by the exhauster, the
apparatus having once been placed in operation it will continue to work for an
indefinite period of time care being taken that when the apparatus is not operating the
cupreous solution shall be prevented from coming into contact with the air so that no
oxidation shall take place. When the apparatus is working there is no fear of the
solution becoming altered, as the gases bubbling therein are free from oxygen.
Instead of employing a pure solution of cupreous chloride, other chlorides may be
added thereto which will increase the specific gravity of the liquid thus allowing of
the use of apparatus of small height, in this case, however, the liquid will absorb less
than a volume of gas equal to twenty times its own volume, and it will consequently
have to be more frequently renewed in the apparatus than when a pure solution is
used, a pump of much greater dimensions than in the former case will therefore be
required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The manufacture of pure carbonic oxide gas by means of a solution of cupreous
chloride in hydrochloric acid with any suitable apparatus for generating gas in
combination with the novel apparatus above described.
2. The use, for the purpose of eliminating traces of hydrochloric acid, of a steam jet
exhauster or of a pump for forming a vacuum.
3. The gas condenser for cooling the gas by a cooling mixture arranged and
operating substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in figure 2 of the
accompanying drawing.
4. The apparatus e, d, of stone or lead and the arrangement of pipes t, t, t, t¹, l',
and neck T substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawing.
5. The use of a pump such as P figure 2 for exhausting the liquid after it has been
deprived of carbonic oxide.
6. The use for the manufacture of pure carbonic oxide gas of the apparatus
liereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
G. F. REDFERN,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agent for the Applicant.