IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR ENGRAVING AND CARVING, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Beverley Fenby, of Yardley, in the County of
Worcester, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
AND APPARATUS FOR ENGRAVING AND CARVING, AND FOR OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES"
Scaled the 18th July 1876, and dated the 5th May 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by tho said Joseph Beverley Fenby at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1876.
JOSEPH BEVERLEY FENBY, of Yardley, in the County of Worcester, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR ENGRAVING AND
CARVING, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
My Invention consists in the improvements herein-after described in machinery
and apparatus connected therewith for effecting engraving and carving, and for
other like purposes, such as piercing, fret cutting, and the like.
My said Invention has for its object principally the attainment of perfect freedom
of motion in all directions for the drill or other engraving or cutting tool, as herein-
after described, with absence of vibration in the machinery and apparatus employed,
and a capability of accurately following the contour and relief or depression of the
copy or dummy to any desired scale.
A further object of my Invention is to give an amount of relief or depression to
the work produced when the machinery is employed in copying medallions or the
like, greater or less, as required, than that of the relief or depression of the copy or
dummy serving as a pattern.
My Invention further relates to means for attaining a very great velocity of
rotation of the drill or other engraving or cutting tool with less risk of heating of
the bearings than exists in ordinary machines employed for like purposes.
In carrying my Invention into effect I use an oblong metallic table with suitable
fittings for holding the dummy or copy at one part, and the material to be operated
upon at another, as herein-after described. In this table is a groove which passes
nearly half across its surface in a direction at right angles to the length of the said
table and about one-fourth of the length of the table from its right hand end. In
this groove a block of metal slides. This block which can be fixed at any point in
the said groove carries a bearing or pivot upon which the machine or apparatus

page_text: herein next described partially revolves. This pivot or bearing is provided with
means of accurate vertical adjustment.
the machine
The machine or apparatus for effecting the engraving or carving and turning on
the pivot or bearing described is constructed in the following manner :-Four rigid
bars or levers are supported upon sliding feet or castors at such a height from the
table as may be necessary to admit the copies or dummies and the material to be
operated upon to pass beneath them. These four bars or levers are jointed together
after the manner of the ordinary pantagraph. By this mechanism the horizontal
contour or profile of any design may be accurately copied to any scale for which
may be set, as is well understood. One of the bars of the pantagraphic
mechanism carries a vertical cylinder, and in this cylinder a plunger works freely.
This plunger carries at its lower end a tracer for following the copy or dummy, and
at its upper end it is connected to one end of a system of levers for copying the
relief and depression of the dummy, as herein-after described. The bar which is
opposite and parallel to this tracer bar is the bar which carries the carving or
engraving tool. This tool is fixed in a chuck carried by a vertical spindle, and the
said spindle can be rapidly rotated by a cord, or gut, or by the special means herein-
after described. The bearing or bearings of the said spindle are fixed to a vertical
slide capable of a free up-and-down movement, controlled through suitable levers
by the up-and-down movement of the before-mentioned tracer when following the
dummy. By a separate adjustment with a fine threaded screw the drill spindle
can be set to any required height independently of the vertical levers. These
vertical levers are carried by the levers of the horizontal pantagraph in such a way
that they form in effect a vertical pantagraph moving in all directions with the
horizontal pantagraph but having independent means of adjustment for their own
vertical movements so that the scale of relief or depression of the work in relation
to the dummy can be separately adjusted, as herein-before intimated, and is not
dependent on the horizontal or profile scale of dummy. This is effected by
providing one or more of the vertically moving levers with a sliding centre of
oscillation. A thumb lever or trigger is connected to the plunger carrying the
tracer to enable the operator to assist and control the upward and downward move-
ments of the said tracer in passing over the duminy, and also enable him to raise
the carving or engraving tool from the work without moving his hands from the
tracer lever. For carrying the dummy or copy a face plate is lot into a suitable
opening in the before-mentioned table. This face plate is fitted with a circular
dividing apparatus, and also with a means of vertical adjustment.
cf alto
For the purpose of executing under cut work in carving the work known as
relievo" this face plate is made to rock or tilt on a ball-and-socket centre. For
carrying the material to be operated upon by the cutting tool a face plate or holder
fitting into a recess in the table is provided, and this face plate or holder is made
capable of the same circular, vertical, and rocking or tilting motions as those of the
face plate carrying the duminy or copy.
In some cases by means of gearing beneath the table these two face plates are
caused automatically to follow each other's movements, but for ordinary work they
are separately set by hand and secured by catches or set screws.
For the purpose of lessening the friction speed of the drill or cutter spindle in its
bearing, and thereby permitting it to be driven at very high velocitics without
inconvenience, I place the said spindle within an annular bearing, and I cause this
annular bearing to revolve freely in another bearing surrounding the said annular
bearing. The said annular bearing is driven in the same direction as the spindle
and at a little less than half the speed of the said spindle.
In some cases I prefer to drive the drill or cutter spindle by means of compressed
air in place of a cord or belt. The compressed air is caused to act upon a small
turbine or other suitable mechanism attached to the end of the spindle and com-
municates the required rotatory motion thereto.
5

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Beverley Fenby in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th
November 1876.
JOSEPH BEVERLEY FENBY, of Yardley, in the County of Worcester, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR ENGRAVING AND
CARVING, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
My Invention consists in the improvements herein-after described in machinery
and apparatus connected therewith for offecting, engraving, and carving, and for
other liko purposes, such as piercing, fret cutting, and the like.
My said Invention has for its object principally the attainment of perfect freedom
of motion in all directions for the drill or other engraving or cutting tool, as herein-
after described, with absence of vibration in the machinery and apparatus employed,
and a capability of accurately following the contour and relief or depressions of the
copy or dummy to any desired scale. *
A further object of my Invention is to give an amount of relief or depression to
the work produced when the machinery is employed in copying medallions or the
like, greater or less, as required than that of the relief or depression of the copy or
dummy serving as a pattern.
My Invention further relates to means for attaining a very great velocity of
rotation of the drill or other engraving or cutting tool with less risk of heating of
the bearings than exists in ordinary machines employed for like purposes.
In carrying my Invention into effect I use an oblong metallic table with suitable
fittings for holding the dummy or copy at one part and the material to be operated
upon at another, as herein-after described. In this table is a groove that passes
nearly half across its surface in a direction at right angles to the length of the said
table, and about one-fourth of the length of the table from its right hand end. In
this groove a block of metal slides. This block, which can be fixed at any point in
the said groove, carries a bearing or pivot upon which the machine or apparatus
herein next described partially revolves. This pivot or bearing is provided with
means of accurato vertical adjustment.
The machine or apparatus for effecting the engraving or carving and turning on
the point or bearing described is constructed in the following manner :-Four rigid
bars or levers are supported upon sliding feet or castors at such a height from the
table as may be necessary to admit the copies or dummies and the material to be
operated upon to pass beneath them. These four bars or levers are jointed together
after the manner of the ordinary pantagraph. By this mechanism the horizontal
contour or profile of any design may be accurately copied to any scale for which
the machine may be set, as is well understood. One of the bars of the pantagraphic
mechanism carries a vertical cylinder, and in this cylinder a plunger works freely.
This plunger carries at its lower end a tracer for following the copy or dummy, and
at its upper end it is connected to one end of a system of levers for copying the
relief and depression of the dummy, as herein-after described. The bar which is
opposite and parallel to this tracer bar is the bar which carries the carving or
engraving tool. This tool is fixed in a chuck carried by a vertical spindle, and the
said spindle can be rapidly rotated by a cord or gut. The bearing or bearings of
the said spindle are fixed to a vertical slide capable of a free up-and-down movement
controlled through suitable levers by the up-and-down movement of the before-
mentioned tracer when following the dummy. By a separate adjustment with a
fine threaded screw the drill spindle can be set to any required height independently
of the vertical levers. These vertical levers are carried by the levers of the hori-
zontal pantagraph in such a way that they form in effect a vertical pantagraph,
moving in all directions with the horizontal pantagraph, but having independent
means of adjustment for their own vertical movements, so that the scale of relief
or depression of the work in relation to the dummy can be separately adjusted, as
herein-before intimated, and is not dependent on the horizontal or profile scalo of

page_text: the dummy. This is effected by providing one or more of the vertically moving
levers with a sliding centre of oscillation. A thumb lever or trigger is connected
to the plunger carrying the tracer to enable the operator to assist and control the
upward and downward movements of the said tracer in passing over the dummy,
and also to enable him to raise the carving or engraving tool from the work without
moving his hands from the tracer lever. For carrying the dummy or copy a face
plate is let into a suitable opening in the before-mentioned table. This face plate
is fitted with a circular dividing apparatus, and also with a means of vertical
adjustment.
For the purpose of executing under cut work in carving the work known as 1
alto-relievo "this face plate is made to rock or tilt on a ball-and-socket centre.
For carrying the material to be operated upon by the cutting tool a face plate or
holder fitting into a recess in the table is provided, and this face plate or holder is
made capable of the same circular, vertical, and rocking or tilting motions as those
of the face plate carrying the dummy or copy.
In some cases, by means of gearing beneath the table, these two face plates are
caused automatically to follow each other's movements, but for ordinary work they
are separately set by hand, and secured by catches or set screws.
For the purpose of lessening the friction speed of the drill or cutter spindle in its
bearing, and thereby permitting it to be driven at very high velocities without
inconvenience, I place the said spindle within an annular bearing, and I cause this
annular bearing to revolve freely in another bearing surrounding the said annular
bearing. The said annular bearing is driven in the same direction as the spindle,
and at a little less than half the speed of the said spindle.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents in plan a machine and apparatus constructed according to my
Invention for engraving, carving, and for other like purposes, the said plan being
drawn of a third the full size. The other Figures herein-after described are drawn
of the full size. The machine may however be made to any scale. The machine,
Figure 1, is adjusted to copy the pattern or dummy to half size or scale.
Figure 2 represents a side elevation of the machine taken on the line A, B, of
Figure 1, looking in the direction of the arrow near the said line.
Figure 3 represents a side elevation (partly in section) of the machine taken on
the line C, D, of Figure 1, looking towards the dummy or pattern at h.
Figure 4 represents a side elevation of part of the machine taken at the side
marked E, Figure 1.
Figures 5 and 6 represent sections taken at right angles to one another of the
drill or engraving tool of the machine; and Figures GA, 6", and GC represent details
of the same.
The other Figures reprosent details of the machine, as herein-after particularly
explained.
The same letters and numerals of reference indicate the same parts in the several
Figures of the Drawings.
I will first describe generally the parts of the machine shown in the plan,
Figure 1, and afterwards describe their construction in detail with reference to the
other Figures. g is the metallic table by which the machine is carried, and on
which the "duminy" or pattern to be copied is fixed at h, and the material to be
operated upon is fixed at . The horizontal pantagraphic mechanisin of the machine
consists of the four rigid bars or levers marked respectively k, l, m, n, jointed
together at, l, m, n². These four bars or levers k, l, m, n, are supported at the
required height from the table g by the adjustable feet or castors p, p, and the
rollers or wheels y 4, Figures 2 and 13, herein-after described.
The vertical pantagraphic mechanism, which is carried by the horizontal panta-
graphic mechanism, consists of the bars or levers 8, r, s, jointed together and
worked from the tracer t in the manner herein-after explained. The tracer t and
parts connected therewith are carried by the bar or lever 1, and the drill or

page_text: engraving tool is carried by the bars or lovers n, 8. The compound pantagraphic
mechanisin k, l, m, n, 8, r, 8, and parts carried thereby, turn upon a bearing or
adjustable pivot at , the said pivot boing tho common centre of motion upon
which the whole machine turns bodily through part of a circle in a horizontal
plane, or in a plane parallel to the table g. The pivot v is adjustable in the
groove w in the table g..
The construction of the adjustable pivot or centre vand parts connected there-
with is best seen in the longitudinal section, Figure 7, and side elevation, Figure 8,
the said Figures 7 and 8 also representing a portion of the table g and bar. In
the groove w in the table a block of metal w³ is capable of sliding and being
fixed therein at any required párt. In the socket w³ of the block w the pivot v
turns, and on the upper end of the said pivot a slotted arm or bracket works,
the said arm carrying a wheel ya which bears upon the table g. The adjustment
of the horizontal position of the compound. block w³, o, supporting the pivot vis
effected by sliding the said block in the groove w in the table, the slotted arm
working over the bark. The groove w is undercut (see Figure 7), and by means of
cross plates w, ut working in the undercut parts and carried by the bolts w³, w,
the block and consequently the pivot v may be fixed in its adjusted horizontal
position. The vertical adjustment of the pivot v is effected by screwing the socket
part into or out of the block w³, as will be understood by an examination of
Figure 7.
The construction of the adjustable feet or castors p, p, upon which the machine is
supported at the required height from the table g, is best seen in Figures 9 and 10,
Figure 9 representing a section taken through the dotted line F, G, Figure 1, and
Figure 10 a section taken through the dotted line H, H, Figure 1. The vertical
length of the foot p at Figure 9 is adjusted by turning the screw p at top, and tho
vertical length of the foot p at Figure 10 is adjusted by turning the screw foot
itself. The bracket p³ carrying the foot, Figure 10, is capable of being adjusted on
the bar by a sliding motion.
I will now describe the manner in which the bars or levers k, l, m, n, of the
horizontal pantagraphic mechanism are jointed together. The joint at n³ is con-
structed in the manner represented in Figure 2. On the bark is a sliding arm or
bracket y (shown separately in Figure 11), between tho fork y, y*, of which arm a
tubular snug or eyes on the bracket fixed to the bar or lever n is situated. By
passing the pin n³ through the parts y³, y, and the two bars n, k, are jointed
together. A sectional view of this joint is represented in Figure 11.
The joint for jointing the bars and together is represented separately in
Figure 12. Its construction is nearly similar to that of the joint last described.
On the bar a bracket 2 is fixed, the said bracket having a tubular snug or eye 2ª
on its end, and on the bar ka forked arm 3 is fixed. By passing the joint pin
through the part 2 and the fork of the arm 3 the two bars k, l, are jointed together.
The bar is supported near the joint k by the arm and roller at 4 (shown separately
in Figure 13).
The joint for jointing the bars 4 and m together, and the joint m for jointing
the bars m and n together, are constructed similarly to the joint n³ herein-before
described, and the construction of the said joints 12, m³, is best seen in Figure 3.
I will now describe in detail the construction of the vertical pantagraphic
mechanism, as well as the arrangement by which the vertical motion of the tracer
t is transmitted to the drill or engraving tool u The bar of the horizontal
pantagraphic mechanism carries a vertical cylinder 5 (best seen in Figure 4), and in
this cylinder a plunger 6, having at its lower end the tracer t, works freely for
following the copy or dummy stationed at h on the table g. The upper end of the
tracer plunger 6 carries a collar 7 (see Figure 4), with which collar the fork of the
lever 8 engages. The lever 8 turns on the centre 8 carried by a bracket fixed to
the bar (see Figure 4). The opposite end of the lever 8 is connected through the
vertical rod 10, having ball-and-socket joints at top and bottom, with one end of
the rocking bar or lever ☞ turning on the adjustable or sliding centre 7ª carried by

page_text: the bar m.
The other end of the bar or lever 7 carries a forked piece 7 between
pivots, on the arms of which forked piece one end of the bar or levers is situated
(see Figure 3). The opposite end of the bar 8 is jointed at s to the bracket on
the barn (see Figure 2). The bar s passes through a vertical dovetail slide 11
working in checks 12 capable of being adjusted on and fixed to the bar n by the
bow (see Figure 5). In the sliding dovetail 11 the rotating drill or engraving
too! is carried (sec Figures 5 and 6).
The details of the drill mechanism are hercin-after described; as the tracer t
makes its up-and-down movements in following the copy or dummy at the
motions of the said tracer are transmitted to and repeated on a reduced scale in the
drill or engraving tool u through the lever 8, connecting rod 10, rocking bar
bar s, to the dovetail slide 11, to which the said bar s is connected.
and
The vertical pantagraph has independent adjusting mechanism for its own
vertical movements, so that the scale of relief or depression of the work in relation
to the dummy or pattern can be separately adjusted; this is effected by making
the centre of oscillation of the bar or lever 7 capable of sliding on the bar m, so
that the distance through which the end at travels in relation to the opposite
end may be varied, and consequently the vertical height of the drill or engraving
tool controlled. The vertical notion of the other bar 8 of the vertical pantagraph
may be similarly adjusted.
The upward and downward movements of the tracer t may be controlled and
assisted by the operator by means of the thumb lever 13. The said thumb lever 13
is cranked, and its horizontal arm takes into the collar 7 on the top of the tracer
plunger 6. The said thumb lever 13 also permits the operator to raise the carving
or engraving tool u from the work at i without moving his hands from the pads
140, 14a, on the bar or lever of the horizontal pantagraph, which pads are grasped
by him in working the machine.
I will now describe in detail with reference to Figures 2, 5, 6, 64, 6, and 6º, the
construction of the drill or engraving tool u, and the arrangements for adjusting
and working the said drill or tool. (see Figures 5 and 6) is the drill spindle
working in a long tubular bearing or case u³ supported by the bearings 7 carried
by the dovetail slide 11. The drill spindle is kept in its place by the bottom plate u³
fixed to the bottom bearing u. On the top of the drill spindle is a driving
pulley u, around which a driving band or strap 14 passes, the said band being
guided from an overhead driving shaft by the pair of pullies 15, 15, (shown sepa
rately in Figure 14). The guide pulley's 15, 15, are carried by the bracket 16,
adjustable on the bracket 17, sliding on the bar n. To lessen the friction speed of
the drill spindle u² of the drill the tubular bearing us, in which it works, may be
made to revolve freely in another bearing surrounding the first bearing. The
tubular bearing 3 is driven in the same direction as the drill spindle, and at a little
less than half the speed of the spindle. The heating of the bearing in which the
drill turns, consequent on the high velocity at which the said drill is driven, is
thereby considerably reduced. The arrangement for lubricating the drill spindle is
shown in Figures 5 and 6. The said drill spindle u² is set to any required height
in the machine by means of the fine threaded screw 18, turned by the milled head
or button 18a. The said screw 18 works in a screw box 18b, the reduced front part
of which (see Figure 5) is situated between two anti-friction rollers 20, 20, carried
by the slide 11, adjustable on the bar 8. By turning the screw 18 in one or other
direction the vertical height of the drill carried by the dovetail slide 11 may be
adjusted with great nicety. An edge view and front elevation of parts of Figure 5
are represented in Figure 6°.
It is preferred to support the dummy or pattern at i, and work at h upon rocking
or tilting face plates, of the kind herein-before described. The size of the work at
is determined by adjusting the distance of the dovetail slide 12, carrying the drill
or engraving tool u from the pivot or centre of motion v, the former being adjust-
able on the bar n, and the latter on the bar k, as before described.
To facilitate the adjustment of the pivot or centre of motion von the bar ka

page_text: divided scalo may be made on the face of the said bar k, the crossing edge of the
bracket a serving as an indicator.
In using the machine after the parts have been adjusted as required the operator
grasps the bar by the pads 144, 14, and moves the said bar in the required direc-
tion to permit the tracer t to pass over the dummy or pattern h, the movements of
the tracer being regulated if necessary by acting upon the thumb lover 13. A com-
pound motion is thereby transmitted by the machine to the drill or engraving tool u,
and the said tool is made to operate upon and copy the dummy or pattern at h on
a reduced scale on the work at i, the horizontal contour or profile of the dummy or
pattern being accurately copied by the horizontal pantagraph k, l, m, n, and the relief
and depression of the dummy or pattern being accurately copied by the vertical
pantagraph 8, r, and 8, and parts connected therewith, as will be readily understood
by an examination of the plan, Figure 1.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to bo understood that I do not limit myself to the
precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may be varied without
departing from the nature of my Invention; but I claim as my Invention of
improvements in machinery and apparatus for engraving and carving and for other
like purposes, such as piercing, fret cutting, and the like,―
First. The combination with the horizontal pantagraph for copying the horizontal
contour or profile of the design to be reproduced to any desired scale of the vertical
pantagraph for copying the relief and depression of the said design, the parts of tho
two pantagraphs being constructed, combined, and worked substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly: The arrangement or combination of parts herein-before described and
illustrated in tho accompanying Drawings for adjusting the vertical movements of
the vertical pantagraph, so that the raised and sunken portions of the work produced
may be made at pleasure in greater or less proportionate relief than those of the
pattern or dummy, the said adjustment of the vertical pantagraph boing independent
of the horizontal or profile scale of the dummy or pattern, substantially as described
and illustrated.
Thirdly. The construction and arrangement or combination herein-before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings of the parts of the rotatory drill or
carving or engraving tool, and the connection of tho said drill or tool with the com
pound pantagraphic mechanism; also the arrangements of parts for adjusting the
vertical height of the drill or tool, independently of the pantagraphic mechanism,
and for reducing the friction of the drill spindle in its bearing or bearings.
Fourthly. Connecting the tracer of the machine to a plunger working in a hollow
cylinder, carried by the horizontal pantagraph, and the mechanism herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, for transmitting the
motion of the said tracer to the vortical pantagraph; also the thumb levor, de-
scribed and illustrated, for controlling the movements of the said tracer, and for
raising the drill or engraving tool from the work.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Beverley Fenby, havcherounto set my
hand and soal, this Twenty-fifth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham
JOSEPH BEVERLEY FENBY. (L.S.)