IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE LINES CABLES OR CONDUCTORS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Harris Lake, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake,
and Co, Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE LINES
CABLES OR CONDUCTORS communicated to him from abroad by Josephus
Colett Chambers of Cincinnati Ohio, Electrician and Nelson Cole Gridley of
1
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Harris Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1883.
"
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co, Patent Agents,.
Southampton Buildings, London "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO TELEGRAPH.
AND TELEPHONE LINES CABLES, OR CONDUCTORS' [A communication to him from
abroad by Josephus Colett Chambers of Cincinnati Ohio, Electrician and Nelson
Cole Gridley of Chicago, Illinois, Attorney-at-Law, both in the United States of
America.]
This Invention relates to improvements in telegraph and telephone conductors.
It is well known that when two or more conductors of electricity are placed in
electrical proximity to each other, as in telegraph and telephone lines and cables,
every signal or sound transmitted over one, by the variations of the electrical
current will produce in the others induced currents in the opposite direction, which
induced currents disturb and interfere with the use of the lines on which they are.
induced for separate and distinct signals or sounds.
The object of the said Invention is to greatly reduce, if not wholly prevent,
this disturbing action of induction in aerial, underground, and submarine telegraph
and telephone electric conductors.
The said Invention consists partly in the combination with one or more aerial
electric conductors insulated from the supports and connected with the batteries,
and grounded in the usual manner, of one or more induction wires, rods, bands, or
strips arranged upon the supports in electrical proximity to the telegraph and
telephone electric conductors, and insulated from the supports from the telegraph or

page_text: telephone electric conductors and from the earth, and so as not to form a
complete or closed circuit, substantially as hereinafter more particularly described.
It also consists partly in a group or series of telegraph and telephone electric
conductors each provided with an insulating covering and connected with the
batteries and grounded in the usual manner and one or more induction wires,
rods, bands, or strips, preferably not covered with insulating material, and so
arranged as to be surrounded by some or all of the series or groups of telegraph
and telephone electric conductors and insulated therefrom, from the supports, and
from the earth and so as not to form a complete or closed circuit, substantially as
hereinafter more particularly described.
According to one part of the said Invention I employ the usual posts or
supports for the telegraph or telephone electric-conductors or wires, which wires
are insulated from the said supports by means of glass insulators. Upon the top
of each pole or support is attached a glass insulator, preferably such as shewn
and described in the Specification of United States Patent. No 194,220 and dated
the 14th day of August A.D. 1877.
An induction wire, rod, band, or strip is arranged upon, or secured to, the said
insulators above, and in electrical proximity to, the telegraph or telephone electric
conductors or wires, and upturned, one or more points being formed at its terminal
ends. The said band is, by means of the insulators, insulated from the posts or
supports, from the telegraph or telephone electric conductors or wires, and from
the ground so as not to form a complete or closed circuit. In long distance aerial
telegraph or telephone lines, I securely attach to, or upon the induction wire, rod,
band, or strip at suitable intervals, metallic barbs having two or more points, or
make the strip or band in spiral form so that the edges thereof shall present
points in opposite directions for the purpose of more completely diffusing the
induced electricity contained upon the induction wire, (and which is opposite to
that contained upon the electric conductors or wires) upon the said conductors
or wires thereby greatly reducing, if not wholly preventing, the disturbing or
retarding action of the inductive influence of the said electric conductors or
wires upon each other and of the atmospheric electrical disturbances upon
said conductors or wires.
In the event, of there being a large number of telephone or telegraph electric
conductors or wires arranged upon the same supports I arrange one or more
induction wires, not only above such electric conductors or wires, but between two
or more, or below such wires and in electrical proximity thereto, for the purpose
aforesaid.
In constructing a cable according to this Invention I provide one or more groups
or a series of telegraph or telephone electrical conductors, each of which is
provided with a covering, of any suitable insulating. material, and when in use is
connected with a battery and grounded in the usual manner.
Through the centre of the series or groups of the electrical conductors, and so
as to be surrounded by, and in electrical proximity to, some or all of such
conductors, is or are arranged or placed one or more induction wires, rods, bands,
or strips, preferably not covered with insulating material and the terminal ends
of which are extended beyond the ends of the cable proper, and upturned and
provided with one or more points.
When only one induction wire or band is employed, it should be preferably
constructed so that its surface should equal, or nearly so, the combined surfaces
of the electrical conductors employed in the cable.
The telephone or telegraph electrical conductors may be formed in groups or
cables and with the induction wire, rod, band or strip twisted together and the
interstices filled with suitable insulating material.
Around the cable so formed I wrap a covering of any known insulating and
water-proof fabric or material so as to be firmly secured thereto and preferably in
the form of a strip or band, wound spirally so that the same may be readily
2

page_text: removed at any point desired to give access to the conductors for the purpose of
repairs or otherwise, and also replaced.
The induction wires or bands are insulated from the electrical conductors by
means of the insulating material covering each of such conductors, and from the
earth, by means of the surounding insulating and water-proof covering so as not
to form a complete or closed circuit.
In long distance or multiple telegraph or telephone lines, I prefer to construct
the induction wire, rod, band, or strip in spiral form so that the edges thereof
shall present points in opposite directions, and to attach thereto at suitable
intervals between the terminal ends thereof so as to project therefrom and from
the cable, similar wires, rods, bands, or strips, provided with one or more points for
the purpose of more completely diffusing the induced electricity contained upon
the induction wire (and which is opposite to that contained upon the electric
conductors or wires) upon the said conductors or wires thereby greatly reducing, if
not wholly preventing, the disturbing and retarding action of the inductive
influence of the said electric conductors or wires upon each other, and of the
atmospheric electrical disturbances upon said conductors or wires.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Harris Lake in the Patent Office on the 16th May 1884.
"
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & C° Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings London "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO TELEGRAPH
AND TELEPHONE LINES, CABLES, OR CONDUCTORS A communication to me from
abroad by Josephus Colett Chambers, of Cincinnati, Ohio, Electrician, and Nelson
Cole Gridley, of Chicago, Illinois, Attorney-at-Law, both in the United States of
America
This invention relates to telegraph and telephone lines, cables or conductors.
It is well known that when two or more conductors of electricity are placed in
electrical proximity to each other as in telegraph and telephone lines and cables,
every signal or sound transmitted over one, by the variations of the electrical
current, will produce in the others induced currents in the opposite direction, which
induced currents disturb and interfere with the use of the lines on which they are
induced for separate and distinct signals or sounds.
The object of the said invention is to greatly reduce, if not wholly prevent, this
disturbing action of induction in aerial, underground and submarine telegraph and
telephone electric conductors.
The said invention consists partly in the combination with one or more aerial
electric conductors, insulated from the supports, and connected with the batteries,
and grounded in the usual manner, of one or more induction wires, rods, bands or
strips, arranged upon the supports in electrical proximity to the said conductors,
and insulated from the supports, from the conductors, and from the earth, so as not
to form a complete or closed circuit, substantially as hereinafter described.
It also consists partly in the combination with a series of one or more groups of
telegraph and telephone electric conductors each provided with an insulating
covering, and connected with the batteries and grounded in the usual manner,
of one or more induction wires, rods, bands, or strips, preferably, not covered with
insulating material, and so arranged as to be surrounded by some or all of the
wires of the series or groups of conductors, and insulated therefrom, from the
supports, and from the earth, so as not to form a complete or closed circuit,
substantially as hereinafter described
In the accompanying drawing
=
Figure 1 is a perspective view of an aerial telegraph or telephone line provided
with induction wires according to this invention; and
Figures 2 and 3 are side elevations of the same showing different forms of
iuduction wires.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a telegraph or telephone cable provided with
an induction rod.
Figure 5 is a transverse section of the same on the line x, x.
Figure 6 is a perspective view of a telegraph or telephone cable of modified form,
and
Figure 7 is a transverse section of the same on the line y. y.
Referring to Figures 1 to 3 A indicates the usual posts or supports for the
telegraph or telephone electric conductors or wires B, which are insulated from
the said supports by means of insulators C, usually employed for that purpose
D indicates the usual battery and d the electrical conductors or wires leading
from the battery to the ground.
Upon the top of each pole or support, A, is attached a glass insulator E, preferably
such as shown and described in the Specification of United States Patent N° 194,220,
dated the 14th day of August AD 1877.

page_text: F indicates an induction wire, rod; band; or strip, arranged upon, or secured to,
the insulators E, and in electrical proximity to the telegraph or telephone electric
conductors or wires B. The said wire, rod, band or strip is upturned at its ends,
and has one or more points a formed thereon as shown, and is, by means of the
insulators, E, insulated from the posts or supports, from the telegraph or telephone
electric conductors or wires, and from the ground, so as not to form a complete or
closed circuit.
In long distance aerial telegraph or telephone lines, I securely attach to, or upon
the induction wire, rod, band, or strip F at suitable intervals, metallic barbs b,
having two or more points, as shown in Figure 2, or make the strip or band F, in
spiral form, as shown in Figure 3, so that the edges thereof shall present points in
opposite directions, for the purpose of more completely diffusing the induced
electricity contained upon the induction wire F, (and which is opposite to that
contained upon the electric-conductors or wires B) upon the said conductors or
wires B, thereby greatly reducing, if not wholly preventing, the disturbing or
retarding action of the inductive influence of the said electric conductors or wires
upon each other, and of the atmospheric electrical disturbances upon said conductors
or wires.
When there are a large number of telephone or telegraph electric conductors or
wires B, upon the same supports I arrange one or more induction wires F not only
above such electric conductors or wires as shewn in the drawing but between two
or more, or below such wires and in electrical proximity thereto, for the purpose
aforesaid.
Referring to Figures 4 to 7 A. indicates one or more groups or a series of telegraph
or telephone electrical conductors, each of which is provided with a covering a, of
any suitable insulating material, and when in use is connected with a battery and
grounded in the usual manner.
Through the centre of the series or groups of the electrical conductors A, and so
as to be surrounded by and in electrical proximity to, some or all, of such
conductors, is arranged or placed an induction wire, rod, band, or strip B, preferably,
not covered with insulating material, and the terminal ends of which are extended
beyond the ends of the cable proper, and upturned and provided with one or more
points b.
If desired more than one induction wire, rod, band, or strip, may be arranged in
each cable when only one induction wire or band B, is employed, it is preferably
constructed so that its surface is equal, or nearly so, to the combined surfaces of
the electrical conductors A, employed in the cable.
The telephone or telegraph electrical conductors A, may be formed in groups or
cables, and with the induction wire, rod, band or strip B twisted together, and the
interstices filled with suitable insulating material, as shown in Figures 4 and 5 or
the electrical conductors A with the induction wire B, may be bunched together as
shown in Figures 6 and 7.
Around the cable so formed I wrap a covering of any suitable insulating and
water-proof fabric or material d, which is firmly secured thereto and which is
preferably in the form of a strip or band, wound spirally as shown, so that the same
may be readily removed at any point desired, to give access to the conductors for
the purpose of repairs or otherwise and afterward replaced.
The induction wires or bands B, are insulated from the electrical conductors A
by means of the insulating material covering each of such conductors, and from the
earth by means of the surrounding insulating and water-proof covering d, so as not
to form a complete or closed circuit.
In long distance or multiple telegraph or telephone lines I prefer to construct
the induction wire, rod, band or strip B in spiral form, as shown in Figure 6, so
that the edges thereof shall present points in opposite directions, and to attach
thereto at suitable intervals between the terminal ends thereof, so as to project
therefrom, and from the cable, similar wires, rods, bands or strips D, provided with
one or more points e for the purpose of more completely diffusing the induced
.

page_text: electricity contained upon the induction wire B, (and which is opposite to that
contained upon the electric conductors or wires A) upon the said conductors or
wires A, thereby greatly reducing, if not wholly preventing, the disturbing and
retarding action of the inductive influence of said electric conductors or wires upon
each other, and of the atmospheric electrical disturbances upon said conductors or
wires
It is well known that if a charged conductor of electricity be brought near an
uncharged conductor which is insulated and not connected with the earth, the
charged conductor acts upon the uncharged conductor by induction, and separates
its polarities, and that the charged conductor attracts the dissimilar electricity
towards it, and repels the similar electricity to the points of the uncharged
conductor farthest from the charged conductor. It is also well known that when
an electrical conductor, insulated from the earth, receives electricity by induction,
such electricity being opposite from that of the body from which it was induced;
and that a conductor receiving electricity by conduction or from contact, receives
the same kind as contained upon the body in contact therewith. Hence, it will
appear, in the examples shown, that the telegraph or telephone electrical conductors
which are connected with the earth, receive, for illustration, negative electricity
therefrom, or the same kind of electricity with which the earth may be charged,
and if brought in electrical proximity with the induction wire, rod, band or strip,
will induce upon the base of the same positive electricity. The positive and
negative electricity will then approach each other and become equalized, and the
inductive action of the conductors or wires will be on the induction wire and not
upon each other, thereby greatly reducing if not wholly preventing the disturbing
or retarding action of induction upon the conductors or wires
Having thus fully described the said invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that I claim
First. The combination with an aerial telegraph or telephone line, consisting of
one or more electrical conductors, insulated from the supports and connected with
the earth, of one or more induction wires, rods, bands or strips arranged in
electrical proximity to the said conductors, and insulated from the supports, from
the telegraph or telephone electrical conductors, and from the earth, and having
disconnected terminal ends so as not to form a closed circuit, substantially as, and
for the purpose specified.
Second. The combination with an aerial telegraph or telephone line, consisting
of one or more electrical conductors insulated from the supports, and connected
with the earth, of one or more induction wires, rods, bands, or strips arranged in
electrical proximity to the said conductors and insulated from the supports, from
the telegraph or telephone electrical-conductors, and from the earth, and having the
terminal ends turned upward and pointed, substantially as shown and described,
and for the purpose specified.
Third The combination with an aerial telegraph or telephone line, consisting of
one or more electrical conductors insulated from the supports, and connected with
the earth, of one or more induction wires, rods, bands or strips arranged in
electrical proximity to the said conductors and insulated from the supports, from
the conductors, and from the earth, and having the ends turned upward and
pointed, and provided at intervals between the said ends with barbs, or points,.
pointing in opposite directions, substantially as shown and described, and for the
purpose specified.
Fourth In a telegraph or telephone cable, one or more induction wires, rods,
bands or strips, insulated from the electrical conductors and from the earth, and
having the terminal ends thereof extended beyond the ends of the cable proper,
and upturned and provided with one or more points, substantially as, and for the
purpose, specified
Fifth The combination with a series or group of telegraph or telephone.electrical
conductors severally haying. coverings of insulating material, of one or more

page_text: induction wires, rods, bands or strips, arranged in electrical proximity to the said
conductors, and insulated therefrom and from the earth, and having disconnected
terminal ends so as not to form a closed circuit, substantially as, and for the
purpose, specified.
-
Sixth. The combination with a series or groups of telegraph or telephone
electrical conductors, severally having coverings of insulating material, of one or
more induction wires, rods, bands or strips arranged in electrical proximity to the
said conductors, and insulated therefrom and from the earth, and a surrounding
covering of insulating and water-proof fabric or material, substantially as, and for
the purpose, specified.
Seventh. The combination with a series or groups of telegraph or telephone
electrical conductors, severally having coverings of insulating material, of one or
more induction wires, rods, bands or strips arranged in electrical proximity to the
said conductors, and insulated therefrom and from the earth and having the
terminal ends upturned and provided with one or more points, substantially as, and
for the purpose, specified.
Eighth. The combination with a series or groups of telegraph or telephone
electrical conductors, severally having coverings of insulating material, of one or
more induction wires, rods, bands, or strips, arranged in electrical proximity to the
said conductors, and insulated therefrom and from the earth, and having attached
thereto, between the terminal ends, and so as to project therefrom, one or more
similar wires, rods, bands or strips D, provided with one or more points e,
substantially as, and for the purpose, specified
In witness whereof I the said Henry Harris Lake have hereunto set my hand
and seal this sixteenth day of May in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and eighty four.
HENRY H LAKE (L.S.)