CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OP TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SANUEL
HOLT, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of March, in the fourteenth year of Her
reign, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Samuel Holt, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Samuel Holt, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, and such others
as I, the said Samuel Holt, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OP TEXTILE FABRICS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said Samuel Holt, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto bad,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Samuel Holt, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following
explanation thereof, that is to say:―
My improvements in the manufacture of -textile fabrics relate to manufac-
turing or producing a peculiar description of cloth or fabric (having a terry
or looped fabric on one or both sides thereof), by the employment of a ground
warp and one or more pile or terry warps, without the use or intervention of
wires during the process of weaving. In the method hitherto known and
practised of weaving this description of cloth or fabric, and such fabrics as
are termed "tucked cloths," the weft thread is shot through the pile warp by
itself, that is, separately from the ground warp; such is also the case in weav-
ing a certain description of terry carpets, wherein the pile or terry warp is
partially woven into a cloth before such terry or pile warp is woven into the
ground warp; and such partially woven cloth, as in the case of "tucks,"
projects above the surface of the cloth forming the ground of the fabric, from
which it will be evident that in these instances there are in fact two cloths
or fabrics one above the other. It is also necessary in this kind of weaving
to alter the tension of the warp threads during the process of weaving. The
peculiar feature of novelty in my Invention consists in manufacturing or
weaving such fabrics consisting of one cloth only, no weft threads being shot
through the pile or terry warp by itself, that is, separately from the ground
warp, but every shoot of weft passing through sheds formed in the ground
In order more fully to illustrate the method of carrying my Invention
into practical effect, I have attached to these Presents a Sheet of illustrativo
Diagrams, and have marked the same with figures and letters of reference
corresponding with those in the following description thereof :-
warp.
Fig. 1 illustrates the method of weaving a cloth or fabric having the terry
or loops upon one side only. The blue lines indicate the ground or back
warp threads, which are weighted in the usual manner. The red lines are
the terry or pile warp threads, which are to be weighted slackly so as to give
way when required, the tension of which it will not be necessary to alter
in any way during the process of weaving; and the green lines marked
a, b, c, d, &c., are the weft threads or shoots. In weaving this description of
cloth or fabric the weaver proceeds as follows:-He commences by weaving
a plain twilled or other cloth without pile or loops for a certain space, he
then throws the weft thread or shoot a, raising the red or terry warp threads
and each alternate one of the blue or ground warp threads, as 1, 3, 5, &c.
IIe next makes a space or "go" (as it is termed), as at A, and then throws

page_text: the weft thread or shoot 6 through the same shed or opening of the warps;
the weaver then depresses the red or terry warp threads and the blue or
ground threads marked 1, 3, 5, &c., raising the ground threads 2, 4, 6, &c.,
and throws the weft thread or shoot c through this shed. He then raises the
red or terry threads and the blue or ground threads, marked 1, 3, 5, &c., and
depressing those marked 2, 4, 6, &c., throws the weft shoot d across, thus
binding or interweaving the terry or pile warp firmly with the ground warp.
The weaver then by means of the slay and reed drives the three picks or weft
shoots b, c, d, home to the cloth, and as the tension of the blue or ground
threads is the same as in ordinary weaving, whilst the red or terry warp
threads are slack the weft threads will slide. upon the ground warp threads,
but carry the terry or pile warp threads with them, and thus by causing them
to become looped or thrown up, form the terry or pile of the fabric. In
this instance the pile or terry warp "floats" over two weft threads and passes
under one, and consequently is thrown up on the upper surface of the cloth
or fabric, but of course it will be evident that if each alternate terry or pile
thread "floats" under two weft threads or shoots and over one, as in Fig. 2;
that a fabric will be produced having a terry or looped surface on both sides.
In this Diagram it will be perceived that every alternate terry or pile warp
thread forms the terry or loop on the upper surface of the cloth or fabric,
whilst the intermediate terry or pile warp threads form the terry or loops
upon the under surface of the same, but in the Diagram, Fig. 3, each terry
or pile warp thread forms a loop or terry upon the upper and lower surfaces
of the cloth or fabric. I would here observe, that the number of weft shoots
or picks between each loop may be varied, and also that the loops themselves
may be made longer or shorter by varying the length of the space or "go"
without departing from the spirit of my Invention: I would further remark,
that although I have described the above operations as performed by the
hands of the weaver, I desire it to be understood that I do not intend to
confine myself to the weaving of such or similar textile fabrics by either
"hand" or "power," as it will be evident that any suitable mechanical
arrangement for effecting the proper intermittent operation of the "lathe "
or "slay" in the ordinary power loom may be readily adapted.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention, together
with the method of carrying the same into practical effect, I would remark in
conclusion, that I do not claim as my Invention the weaving of looped fabrics
wherein the weft threads are introduced into or interwoven with the terry or
pile warp, without at the same time entering into the ground warp, but I do
claim as my Invention the weaving of either a double or single-faced terry