Year: 1895

page_text: HARRY GORDON FORBES Upton Cheyney, Bitton, Bristol Gentleman,
ERNEST MATTHEWS SOMMERVILLE The Lons, Bitton, near Bristol, Papermaker,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :—
Our invention is an apparatus for producing watermarks in any of the various
sizes of paper as desired..
.:
We describe below one plan for carrying out our invention, it being understood
that, variations are admissible.
In the plan aforesaid we cause an interrupted rotary motion in a shaft carrying
raised letters or devices for producing the watermark which project from the shaft
at a proper distance to impress the pulp. The shaft is above the wire cloth on
which the pulp is carried along, one end being supported in a bearing, which should
be loose enough to allow a small amount of vertical movement in the other enl
which passes through a slot in an upright, aud is supported by the arrangement of
wheels described below.
By the interrupted rotary motion alluded to we mean that a pause occurs
during each revolution, means are provided for increasing or diminishing the
duration of the pause so that the watermark is impressed at longer or shorter
intervals according to the amount of pulp which has time to travel under during
the pause thus enabling any size of paper to be marked. To cause such' inter-
rupted motion we employ a wheel mounted fast on the shaft, near the end which
passes through the slot, coming on the portion of the cloth not covered by the
pulp. A portion of this wheel is cut away so as to form a gap in its circumference
the office of which is to suspend its motion as described below. In this wheel is a
slot extending, say, three quarters of the way round, in which is a moveable stud
arranged to be tightly secured in any part of the slot. Outside this wheel, that is
between it and the end of the shaft near which it is, is another wheel of slightly
smaller diameter (say one quarter of an inch) mounted loose on the shaft, and
having a pin or other projection arranged to pass through the slot in the other
wheel. The pin, preferably, passes through the slot in front of the stud, that is,
in front of it with reference to the direction of rotation, and in the case described
we suppose it to do so.
In order to explain the cycle of movements which occur we will suppose the
apparatus to be at a certain point in its motion when the gap is towards the wire
cloth, and the pin against the stud. The wheel with the gap has at this point no
motion because its circumference is not in contact with the cloth, but the outer
wheel having dropped into contact with the cloth, acquires at this point, a rotary
motion & the pin in its face travels to the other end of the slot. The wheel with
the gap remains stationary till the pin has reached the end of the slot & then is
carried along by the outer wheel in its rotation, & the two turn together till the
gap has been passed over and the circumference of the inner wheel comes in
contact with the cloth and acquires motion from it, and, it being, as aforesaid,
slightly larger than the outer, wheel, lifts it out of touch with the cloth so that it
now pauses in its motion. The slot in the inner wheel, of course, now shifts with
reference to the pin in the outer wheel (now stationary) until, the stud encounters
the pin, when both wheels turn again together till the gap again comes down uppn
the cloth, and the same cycle of motions occurs again.
.1.

page_text: The position of the stud in the slot determines the duration of the pause in the
motion, by restricting the space in which the pin is free to move and so limiting
the shift of the wheels with reference to each other, and as the interval at which
the watermark is impressed is more or less, according to the length of the pause,
it is possible to get any desired intervals by varying the position of the stud
accordingly.
In order to make the stoppages of the wheels certain we may provide catches,
adapted to engage with pins, notches, or the like. The catches are arranged to be
freed by the action of the wheel which is moving at the time, which may carry
cams or other devices for this purpose.
We may use two gaps in place of one, in which case a double pause occurs in
. each revolution.
Instead of making the outer wheel smaller than the other we may make both the
same size, and have a gap in the circumference of this wheel also, in which case
the same series of motions takes place.
In place of the slot we may have on the wheel in which it would have been & at
the place where the end would have come, a boss or any suitable projection, and in
place of the stud any kind of adjustable projection, say an arm pivotted on the
shaft and capable of being clamped against the face of the wheel, the shift of the
pin being restricted between the boss and arm in the same way as in the other
case.
Instead of the gap or gaps we may use any arrangement by which the circum-
ference of the wheel ceases to be in effective contact with the cloth at a certain
point in the revolution, as for instance such as would bring about the result by
eccentric mounting of the wheels, or by the lifting of the wheel out of contact by
attaching a small wheel to its face near its circumference, which coming down on
the cloth would give it clearance; and, in general, any arrangement having the
effect of a gap.
A duplicate of the inner wheel may be made fast on the shaft at the other end
of it with advantage and the watermarking device fixed on a bar connecting the
two wheels, also it is obvious that in conjunction with, or in place of, the shaft
any cylinder frame or other connection may be used.
We desire to point out the essential part of our invention is the means of giving
an interrupted rotary motion to the shaft or portion of the apparatus carrying the
watermarking devices, such means consisting of wheels having a gap or gaps, or
their equivalent, as indicated, and provided with an adjustable device restricting
their shift, the aforesaid arrangement resulting in the cycle of motions described
above.
Dated this Thirty-first day of January 1805
We, HARRY GORDON FORBES, of Upton Cheyney, Bitton, Bristol, Gentleman,
and ERNEST MATTHEWS SOMMERVILLE, of The Lons, Bitton, near Bristol,
Papermaker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to an improved apparatus for operating any suitable device
for watermarking paper during is manufacture (a purpose usually effected by the 5

page_text: employment of several cylinders of different sizes, technically known as Dandy-
rolls) and has for its objects, that the said device when once fixed in position upon
an intermittently rotated shaft may serve to watermark paper of various sizes, or
paper on which a change in the distance between the watermarks may be desired,
without the necessity of having to change the position of the watermarking device,
or stopping the machine while a change is made in the gearing which operates the
said device, or the length of the interval between the impression made in the pulp
thereby, as obtains more or less in the apparatus for actuating the said device
hitherto made and used.
For the purposes of our invention we employ such mechanism as will impart an
interrupted or intermittent motion to a shaft carrying raised letters or other device
or devices for producing the desired watermark or impression upon the pulp
passing beneath it, which said shaft is above and across the travelling wire cloth
upon which the pulp is carried along, the ends of said shaft being supported in
slotted uprights which permit this to have a certain free and easy vertical play or
movement, without bearing the weight of same, such weight being borne mostly by
wheels upon the shaft, which receive an interrupted or intermittent rotary motion
by reason of their intermittent contact with that portion of the said travelling wire
cloth not covered with pulp, the said interrupted motion of the wheels causing a
pause to occur once or more in each revolution of the said shaft, and the water-
marking device thereon, the length or duration of such pause or pauses being
adjustable at will, so that a longer or shorter interval may occur between each
impression, by reason of a greater or lesser length of pulp passing without imprint
during such pause or pauses, thus enabling almost any size of paper to be
marked.
By the following description and illustrations it will be understood that the
principle of our invention is capable of being carried into effect, not alone by the
methods and means hereinafter set forth, but by various other mechanical equiva-
lents by which the same ends may be attained, and we reserve to ourselves the
right to employ such mechanical equivalents, or any reasonable combination or
modification of those shewn and described without departing from the principle
involved.
In order that our invention and the manner of its operation may be fully under-
stood, reference may be made to the two sheets of drawings hereunto appended, in
which the same reference letters are used to indicate the same or like parts.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1 is an elevation of our invention according to one method of
construction as viewed from the final end of the traveiling wire cloth.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of same.
Figs. 3 and 4 are front and back views respectively of the large or slotted wheel,
forming part of the preceding figure.
Figs. 5 and 6 are like views of the second wheel forming part of same.
Fig. 7 is an alternative arrangement of either of the said wheels, hereinafter
referred to.
Figs. 8 and 9 Sheet 2 are views similar to Figs. 1 and 2, but illustrating an
alternative arrangement of the working parts.
Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 13 are views similar to Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 but appertaining
to Figs. 8 and 9.
Fig. 14 is an elevation of a wheel or disc forming part of Figs. 8 and 9, while
Fig. 15 illustrates an alternative method of arranging the wheels Figs. 3 and 10
and 5 and 12.
For the purposes of our invention, as illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2, we mount in
any convenient manner at each side of and upon or adjacent to the frame of the
paper making machine, a pair of metallic or other standards A, having in each of
their heads a vertical slotted aperture, in which revolves the ends of a shaft or
spindle B, arranged above and across the travelling wire cloth a of the machine,
upon which the pulp is carried along, and which, in the case of Fig. 1, is presumed

page_text: to be travelling towards the observer, and upon the said shaft B would be mounted
and fixed the device or devices for watermarking the paper, but as such device
forms no part of our invention, we have simply shewn the position of this in dotted
outline at C, which may be bolted, clamped or otherwise fixed upon B.
Upon the said shaft, and near one end thereof, is keyed or otherwise fixed a
wheel D in such a position as to be over a portion of one side of the cloth a not
covered with pulp, the said wheel having a portion of its periphery removed as at b
(Figs. 3 and 4). In the body of said wheel a slot c is formed extending for about
three parts of a complete circle, the ends of which terminate at or about level with
the ends of the flat portion 6 and in any part of said slot is placed the stud of a
block d which for the purposes of description we will presume is in the position
shewn, and thereat retained by a nut or its equivalent d'.
Upon the shaft B, between D and A is mounted loosely a sleeve E, prevented
from rotating with B by a pine which engages with the slot of a bracket el
attached to Ä, or by any other suitable means, and upon the said sleeve is loosely
mounted a wheel F, slightly less in diameter than D, and capable of rotating
upon E, and upon the face of F next to D is a pin or stud which engages freely
with the slot c in D. Upon the opposite face of F is a fixed stud g, which as F
revolves is capable of engaging with a projection h upon a spring or pivotted
plate connected to a bracket G, fixed upon A, and upon the free end of his a
second projection capable of engaging with a slot in the periphery of the
wheel D. The bracket G also carries a second spring or pivotted plate k, having
a projection capable of engaging with a slot in the wheel F, while upon the
free end of is a second projection kl, with which collides a cam like projection k¹¹¹
upon the front face of the wheel D.
The opposite end of the shaft B may have wheels the duplicate of D, F and
their accessories, which would be in reverse order thereto, and as these would serve
no better purpose than that B may be rotated from both ends, we have presumed
that one end of B only is so provided, but we reserve to ourselves the right to use
Euch duplicate it desired, and have shewn the duplicate of D in dotted outline.
The manner of operation is as follows.
a,
α,
lu Figs. 1 and 2 we have shewn the wheel D with its flat portion b downwards
as at Figs. 3 and 4, at which moment it would be out of touch with the travelling
wire cloth
and consequently incapable of being rotated thereby, and when in
this position the stud of the spring or plate h¹ would be engaging with the
slot thereby locking D in this position of rest. The stud or pin f of the wheel F,
would at the moment of locking D be immediately in front of the stud d on D,
having regard to the direction of motion of D and F, which would be that indicated
by the arrows in Figs. 1 and 2, and by reason of the wheel F being of less diameter
than D, the latter, when in the position stated, and not resting upon a, permits the
shaft B to drop in the slot in A, and place the periphery of the wheel F in touch
with and this receiving motion therefrom would commence to rotate, with its
pin or stud ftraversing the slot c in D, but as F revolves idly on the sleeve E the
shaft B receives no motion therefrom, and this motion of I would continue until
its stud fhad reached the end of the slot c, but at the moment preceding this the
stud g upon the back of F would have collided with and raised the projection and
consequently and h¹¹, thus unlocking the wheel D, which would now commence
to revolve, forced round by the wheel F, but directly the periphery of D touches
the cloth a this would take up motion therefrom, thus raising the shaft B, and the
wheel F out of touch with the cloth a, when F would cease to revolve, but at the
moment preceding the cessation of F the projection would drop into the recess j
in the periphery of F and so lock this against possible rotation by friction with the
sleeve E. The wheel D would continue its motion so long as its periphery was in
touch with a, carrying with it the shaft B and watermarking device C, thus
imparting an imprint to the pulp on a, and when the block d on D overtakes and
collides with the stud fon F, the wheel D would carry round with it the wheel F

page_text: but at the moment preceding the engagement of d with f, the cam or the like k
upon D would engage with and raise the projection " and consequently the spring
or plate k and its projection k¹, thus unlocking the wheel F. The two wheels Ď
and F would now rotate together until the flat portion 6 of D was again over the
travelling cloth a, when this would drop with the shaft B, and the projection h¹¹
again drop into the slot ; of the wheel D, again locking this as before, and by the
drop of D, the wheel F would be again in contact with a and receive motion there-
from as before described, when the same cycle of motion would be repeated, and so
on ad lib, or until the cloth a ceased to travel.
It will be understood from the foregoing description that the interval between
one imprint and the next of the watermarking device, may be lengthened or
shortened, by simply changing the position of the block d on the wheel D, thereby
lengthening or shortening the portion of the slot c in which the pin f of the wheel
is permitted to travel and consequently lengthen or shorten the pause of the
wheel D, and as the moving and refixing of d is the work of a few moments only,
this short space of time represents the time that would be absorbed in changing
the distance between one water mark and the next on the paper.
b
It is obvious that, if necessary, two such flat portions 6 may occur in the periphery
of D, so that this may have two pauses to each rotation instead of one, the position
of the block d being arranged therefor, or instead of the wheel F being of less
diameter than D, this may be of the same diameter, and provided with a flat portion
similar to bin D, when the same results would be obtained. Or in lieu of such
flat portion, the wheels D and F may be mounted eccentrically upon the shaft B
with reference to each other as suggested by D in Fig. 15. Or the lifting of the
wheels out of contact with a may be effected by mounting a small projecting wheel
in the peripheries thereof as suggested by Fig. 7, which, when in contact with a,
would revolve without the wheels D or F revolving, or other arrangements may
be employed for producing a cessation of the effective contact of D or F or both
with the cloth a.
In Figs. 8 and 9 we illustrate a modification of the apparatus previously described
and by which the same results are as effectively attained. In this arrangement
the wheel D is fixed upon the shaft B as before, and the said shaft carries a
sleeve H, having a projecting stud J, and by the means of a set screw or its
equivalent K engaging with B, the said sleeve may be fixed in any desired position
upon the shaft, and upon the said sleeve H the wheel F would be loosely mounted
as upon
E in the previous arrangement. The wheel D has no groove c, the stud d
being in a fixed position thereon, the distance between which and the stud J, being
an equivalent of the distance between d and the final end of the slot c in the
previous method, being adjustable by the position of H on B. The cycle of motion
is attained by the wheel F rotating until its pin f collides with the stud J on H
when the shaft B and wheel D would be carried round by F until the periphery
of D was in touch with a, when motion would be imparted to D thereby, while F
would stand still by reason of its being out of contact with a, as in the previous
arrangement, but when the block d of D, overtakes the stud f of F, the wheel D
would carry round the wheel F, until the flat part of D is downward when this
and the shaft B would drop, placing F in contact with a when the cycle of motion
would be repeated.
In this arrangement we provide for the locking of D and F by forming upon or
attaching to the back face of F, a circular plate L, carrying upon its face a lug
or projection M and having in its periphery a slot N, and outside the plate L, a
lug is fixed upon the sleeve H, while upon the shaft B, between H and A, is
keyed or otherwise fixed a circular disc P, having in its periphery a slot R
(Fig. 14). To the standard A below the disc P is fixed a pair of springs S
and S, the former of which carries a projection m capable of engaging with the
slot R in P, and a projection m', with which collides during the rotation of F, the
lug M, while the spring S¹ has a projection n capable of engaging with the slot N

page_text: in the disc L, and a projection n' with which collides the lug on the sleeve H.
The disc P being fixed upon the shaft B, as also is the wheel D, the locking of P
by the projection m'engaging with its slot R is equivalent to locking D, the
release of m from R being effected by the lug M colliding with m', and the locking
of F is effected by the projection n engaging with the slot N in the disc L fixed to
F, the release of n from N being effected by the lug O colliding with projection n',
the said locking and unlocking of D and F occuring at the same moments as in the
previous method.
In Figs. 8 and 9 we show in dotted lines how two rods s and s¹ may connect the
wheels Ď when a pair of these, and their accessories is mounted upon the shaft B,
as previously mentioned, in which case the watermarking device C may be con-
veniently fixed to s and s³.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
First For watermarking paper, the construction, use and application of the
herein described apparatus, and the several parts constituting the same, arranged
in any of the manners stated, or by any desired combination or modification thereof
by which an interrupted or intermittent rotary motion may be imparted to the
shaft or other portion of the apparatus carrying the watermarking device or
devices, and the means by which the duration of such interruption or pause may
be extended or shortened at will, substantially as herein described and shewn by
the accompanying drawings.
Second-In an apparatus for watermarking paper, the combination of a shaft
or spindle B, arranged to rotate in vertical slots of standards A, the said shaft
carrying the watermarking device or devices such as C, and having fixed thereon
a wheel or wheels such as D, having in its periphery a slot and a flat portion
such as b, or any suitable equivalent for the latter capable of operating for the
same purpose, the said wheel or wheels having a circular slot or slots c carrying
an adjustable block such as d. The sleeve or sleeves E upon B, carrying loosely
a wheel or wheels such as F, the latter having in its periphery a slot, and upon
its back face a stud 9 and upon its front face a stud f, the latter engaging with the
slot c in D. The springs or pivotted plates k and h¹ (and if necessary their
duplicates) the former having a projection such as k¹ for engaging with the slot j¹
for locking the wheel F, and arranged to be released therefrom by a cam or its
equivalent such as upon D colliding with a projection ¹ upon k, the spring or
plate having a projection such as h engaging with the slot for locking
the wheel D, and arranged to be released therefrom by the stud 9 on F, colliding
with a projection hon h, the whole connected, combined and operating substantially
as and for the purposes herein described and shewn by Figs. 1 to 7, and Fig. 15
of the accompanying drawings.
Third-In an apparatus for watermarking paper, the combination of a shaft or
spindle B, arranged to rotate in vertical slots of standards A, the said shaft
carrying the watermarking device or devices such as C, and having fixed thereon
a wheel or wheels such as D, baving in its periphery a flat portion such as b or any
suitable equivalent capable of operating for the same purpose. The sleeve or
sleeves H, having a projecting stud such as J, and arranged to be adjustably fixed
upon the shaft B by a set screw or its equivalent K. The wheel or wheels F
mounted loosely upon H, having upon its front face a stud or pin f, and upon its
back face a disc L, having in its periphery a slot N, and carrying a lug such as M.
The disc or discs P fixed upon B and having in its periphery a slot R. The
springs S and S¹ fixed upon A, the former having a projection such as m, for
engaging with the slot R in P, for locking D and B, and arranged to be released
therefrom by the lug M on L colliding with a projection m
on S. The
projection n on S₁ for engaging with the slot N in L for locking the wheel F, and

page_text: arranged to be released therefrom by a lug O on the sleeve H colliding with a
projection n' on S', the whole connected, combined and operating substantially as
and for the purposes herein described and shewn by Figs. 8 to 15 and Fig. 7 of
the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 2nd day of November 1895.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.