IMPROVEMENTS UPON AND ADDITIONS TO MACHINERY BY HIM ALREADY INVENTED (AND FOR WHICH HE HATH AT SUNDRY TIMES OBTAINED HIS MAJESTY'S LETTERS PATENT) FOR MANUFACTURING AND FABRICATING WOOL, HEMP. FLAX. SILK, HAIR, AND COTTON FROM THE RAW STATE OF EACH RESPECTIVE ARTICLE TILL MADE INTO YARN. TWIST, CORDS, ROPES, AND CABLES AND TILL PERFECTED IN THE LOOM, AND CUT FOR RAISING A PILE
Year: 1792

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, EDMUND
CARTWRIGHT, of Doncaster, in the County of York, Master of Arts, sends
greeting.
WHEREAS the King's most Excellent Majesty, by His Letters Patentunder
the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the Fifteenth day of May, in the
thirty-second year of His reign, did give and grant unto the said Edmund
Cartwright,his executors, administrators, and assigns, His special licence,full
power, sole privilege and authority, that he,the said Edmund Cartwright, his
executors,administrators, and assigns, and everyof them, by himself and them-
selves,or by his and their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others
as he, the said Edmund Cartwright, his executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at anytime agreewith, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafterduringthe termof years thereinand herein-afterexpressed,shouldand
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend his "IMPROVEMENTS UPON AND
ADDITIONS TO MACHINERY BY HIM ALREADY INVENTED (AND FOR WHICH HE HATH AT
SUNDRY TIMES OBTAINED HIS MAJESTY'S LETTERS PATENT) FOR MANUFACTURING AND
FABRICATING WOOL, HEMP. FLAX. SILK, HAIR, AND COTTON FROM THE RAW
STATE OF EACH RESPECTIVE ARTICLE TILL MADE INTO YARN. TWIST, CORDS, ROPES,
AND CABLES AND TILL PERFECTED IN THE LOOM, AND CUT FOR RAISING A PILE,"
within that part of Great Britain called England, the Dominion of Wales,
and Townof Berwick-upon-Tweed,in such manner as to him, the said Edmund
Cartwright, his executors, administrators, and assigns, or any of them, should,
in his or their discretion, seen meet; and that he, the said Edmund Cart-

page_text: wright, his executors, administrators, and assigns, should and lawfully might
have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage, from time
to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising by reason of the said Invention,
for and during the term of years therein and herein-after mentioned, to have,
hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers, privileges, and advantages
therein-before granted, or mentioned to be granted, unto the said Edmund
Cartwright, his executors, administrators, and assigns, for and during and
unto the full end and term of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters
Patent next and immediately ensuing and fully to be compleat and ended,
according to the Statute in such case made and provided; Ilis Majesty in such
Letters l'atent thereby strictly commanding all and every person and persons,
bodies pulitic and corporate, and all other His Majesty's subjects whatsoever,
of what estate, quality, degree, name, and condition soever they be, within
that part of His Majesty's said Kingdom of Great Britain called England,
His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed aforesaid, that
neither they nor any of them, at any time during the continuance of the said
term of fourteen years thereby granted, either directly or indirectly, do make,
use, or put in practice the said Invention, or any part of the same so attained
unto by the said Edmund Cartwright as aforesaid, nor in anywise counterfeit.
imitate, or resemble the same, nor make or cause to be inade, any addition
thereuntoorsubtraction from thesame, whereby topretendhimself orthemselves
the inventor or inventors, devisor or devisors thereof, without the licence,
consent,or agreement of the said Edmund Cartwright,his executors,adminis-
trators, or assigns,inwriting under his handor their handsandseals, firstladand
obtained in that behalf,upon such pains and penalties as can orinaybejustly in-
flicted on such offendersfor theircontemptof His Majesty's Royal command,and
furtherto be answerable to thesaid Edmund Cartwright, his executors,admini-
strators, and assigns,according to law, for his and their damages thereby ocen-
sioned; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that if the said
Edmund Cartwright, bis executors or administrators, or any other person or
personswhichshouldormight atanytime or timesthereafter,duringthecontinu-
auceof the said grant,have or claimany right,title,og interest,in law or equity,
of, in, or to the power, privilege, uud authority of the sole use and benefit of the
said Invention thereby granted, should make any transfer or assignment, or
any pretended transfer or assigament, of the said liberty and privilege,or any
share or shares of the benefit or profits thereof, or should declare any trust
thereof, to or for any number of persons exceeding the number of five, and
also if the said Edmund Cartwright should not particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, by an instrument in writing under his hand and seal, and cause the
same to be iurolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one
calendar month next and immediately after the date of the said Royal Letters
Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all the liberties and advantages
whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become
void, anything therein-before contained to the contrary thereof in anywise
notwithstanding.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edmund Cartwright, in pursuance of
and compliance with the said proviso in the said recited Royal Letters Patent
contained, do, by this present instrument, declare that the nature of my said
Improvements upon and Additions to Machinery by me already invented (and
for which I have at sundry times obtained His Majesty's Letters Patent) for
Manufacturing and Fabricating Wool, Hemp, Flax, Silk, Hair, and Cotton
from the raw State of each respective Article till made into Yarn, Twist, Cords,
Ropes, and Cables, and till perfected in the Loom and Cut for Raising a Pile,
and the manner which the same is to be performed, is described and ascertained
in the plan hereunto annexed, and which is explained and referred to in the
letters, figures, and words following, that is to say :-
Figure 1, crank lasher. A, a tube through which the material, being formed
into a sliver, and slightly twisted, is drawn forwards by the delivering rollers.
B, a wheel fast upon the cross barr of the crank. C, a wheel, on the opposite
end of whose axis is a pinion working in a wheel upon the axis of one of the
delivering rollers. Note, when two or more slivers are required, the cans or
baskets in which they are contained are placed upon a table under the lasher,
which, by having a slow motion, twists them together as they go up. Figure 2.
circular clearing comb for giving work in the head, carried in a frame by two
cranks; on the bar of one crank is fixed a wheel or worm giving motion to a
wheel on the axis of the comb; on the bar of the other crank is a worm or
wheel giving motion to the drawing rollers; from the drawing rollers the
material is conducted away by calendar rollers along an endless cloth. Note,
sheep's wool may be combed by a pair of combs working against each
other upon this principle horizontally, and the drawing rollers placed under-
neath the combs; they may be fed either by horizontal lashing frames or
crank lashers. Figure 3, a circular comb or porcupine, having teeth pointing
from the centre, working upon the comb or heckle table, for the purpose of
clearing the material. Figure 4, a comb or heckle working by a rack.
Figure 5, a comb or heckle table set vertically, or edgewise, having an hori-
zontal table with perpendicular teeth to receive the loose ends of the material
as they fall and clear out the lumps and knots. Both this and Figure 4 are

page_text: fed, worked, and have the material drawn off upon the same principle as the
circular horizontal comb or heckle table. Figure 6, the cordelier. A, the
axis B, the top; having holes through it for the stands to pass, and which
serves for a gudgeon for the machine to turn upon; C, D, pullies fixed to the
axis; E, E, E, jacks or spole-frames; F, dead wheel within which the axis
revolves; G, G, G, counter wheels upon the pully D; H, H, H, the jack or
spole-frame wheels; 1, 1, 1, delivering rollers, receiving motion by means of u
wheel upon the axis of one of them from K, K, K, hollow worms, within which
they respectively revolve. The gudgeons of the jack or spole-frames next the
topare hollow,through which the strandsure delivered to the top. L,L, drawing
rollers. Figure 7, jack or spole-frame. Figure 5. A. A, delivering rollers;
B, hollow worm. Figure 9, for making the lathe give a sharp blow. A, a
crank;
B, a lever vibrating at C connected with the crank by the bar D);
E, a lever vibrating at F, connected with G, the sword of the lathe, by the
bar H; as the lathe comes forwards the catch I is relieved by a stud fixed
in the frame at the loom, and the lever E pushed forward by the spring K;
as the lever B comes forward the catch drops upon the lever E, and brings
the lathe back. Figure 10, a selvedge pully. To make the selvedge tight
there are pullies covered with cloth or leather, or other soft elastic matter,
fixed on the outside of the shuttle box, and projecting through a mortice a
little way within the box, so as that when the shuttle goes into the box the
pully may press gently against it at that part where the woft comes out, and,
revolving with it, prevent the weft from coming too easily off the pin.
Figure 11 A, the shuttle-box lever vibrating at B; when the picker is driven
back by the shuttle it presses under the back end of the lever, and brings
the nose of it upon the shuttle, and prevents its rebounding. When the
picker is forwards, the back end of the lever being the heavier, the other
end rises up to receive the shuttle on its return. Figure 12, for making a
check or stripe pattern. A, a sword of the lathe; B, the shuttle box gliding
horizontally; C, a lever swinging upon the same centre with the sword, and
which, being connected with the shuttle box, moves it forwards or backwards
D, one of the tappets fixed against the side of the loom post working the traddle
E; F, aspring to force the traddle down sharply; G, a ratchet wheel upon the
same axis with the tappets, receiving motion from the bar H. Every time the
lathe vibrates, the bar takes a tooth of the wheel, which inust have teeth corre
sponding with the threads in the pattern. If the shuttle passes without
thread, the operator holds up the bar which hangs in a joint till the defi
ciency is supplied. 1, K, traddle cords for moving the lever C. Figures 13
and 14, the cutting engine for raising a pile, consists of circular knives, fixed

page_text: upon an axis at distances corresponding with the floated parts to be cut. The
guides may be cast in metal, as needles are, for the cotton carding, doffers,
and screwed to a bar; each guide is conducted by a hollow needle to its place.
The hollow needles or conductors being entered, the cloth is then drawn up to
the machine and the guides inserted into the conductors; the cloth is then
drawn forwards till the guides enter the floated parts, the conductors are then
withdrawn; the cloth (being previously wound tight and level upon a roller or
beam) is then drawn off by another roller or beam lying behind the machine,
on the axis of which roller or beam is a large beam pully giving action to a
small pully on the axis of the cutters, in the manner of a turning lathe. A, a
circular knife; B, a guide; C, a conductor.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Cartwright, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Eleventh day of June, in the thirty-second year
of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the Grace of
God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the
Faith, and so forth, and in the year of our Lord One thousand seven
hundred and ninety-two.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, EDMUND
CARTWRIGHT, of Doncaster, in the County of York, Master of Arts, sends
greeting.
WHEREAS the King's most excellent Majesty, by His Letters Patent under
the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the Fifteenth day of May, in the
thirty-second year of His reign, did give and grant unto the said Edmund
Cartwright, his executors, administrators, and assigns, His special licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that he, the said Edmund Cartwright, his
executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by himself and them-
selves, or by his and their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others
as he, the said Edmund Cartwright, his executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term of years thereinand herein-after expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and vend his "IMPROVEMENTS UPON AND
ADDITIONS TO MACHINERY BY HIM ALREADY INVENTED (AND FOR WHICH HE HATH AT
SUNDRY TIMES OBTAINED HIS MAJESTY'S LETTERS PATENT) FOR MANUFACTURING AND
FABRICATING WOOL, HEMP. FLAX, SILK. HAIR, AND COTTON FROM THE RAW
STATE OF EACH RESPECTIVE ARTICLE TILL MADE INTO YARN. TWIST, CORDS, ROPES,
AND CABLES. AND TILL PERFECTED IN THE LOOM. AND CUT FOR RAISING A PILE,"
within that part of Great Britain called England, the Dominion of Wales,
and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner as to him, the said Edmund
Cartwright, his executors, administrators, and assigns, or any of them, should,
in his or their discretion, seem meet; and that he, the said Edmund Cart-

page_text: wright, his executors, administrators, and assigns, should and lawfully might
have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage, from time
to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising by reason of the said Invention,
for and during the term of years therein and herein-after mentioned, to have,
hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers, privileges, and advantages
therein-before granted, or mentioned to be granted, unto the said Edmund
Cartwright, his executors, administrators, and assigns, for and during and
unto the full end and term of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters
Patent next and immediately ensuing and fully to be compleat and ended,
according to the Statute in such case inade and provided; His Majesty in such
Letters Patent thereby strictly commanding all and every person and persons,
bodies politic and corporate, and all other Elis Majesty's subjects whatsoever,
of what estate, quality, degree, name, and condition soever they be, within
that part of Elis Majesty's said Kingdom of Great Britain called England,
Elis Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed aforesaid, that
neither they nor any of them, at any time during the continuance of the said
term of fourteen years thereby granted, either directly or indirectly, do make,
use, or put in practice the said Invention, or any part of the same so attained
unto by the said Edmund Cartwright as aforesaid, nor in anywise counterfeit,
imitate, or resemble the same, nor make or cause to be made, any addition
thereuntoor subtraction fromthesame, whereby topretend himselfor themselves
the inventor or inventors, devisor or devisors thereof, without the licence,
consent, or agreement of the said Edmund Cartwright, his executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, in writing under his hand or their hands and seals, first hand and
obtained in that behalf, upon such pains and penalties as can or may be justly in-
flicted on such offenders for their contempt of His Majesty's Royal command,and
further to be answerable to the said Edmund Cartwright, his executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, according to law, for his and their damages thereby occa-
sioned; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that if the said
Edmund Cartwright, his executors or administrators, or any other person or
persons whichshouldor might at anytime or times thereafter,during the continu-
ance of the said grant,have or claim any right, title, or interest, in law or equity,
of, in, or to the power, privilege, and authority of the sole use and benefit of the
said Invention thereby granted, should make any transfer or assignment, or
any pretended transfer or assignment, of the said liberty and privilege, or any
share or shares of the benefit or profits thereof, or should declare any trust
thereof, to or for any number of persons exceeding the number of five, and
also if the said Edmund Cartwright should not particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, by an instrument in writing under his hand and seal, and cause the
same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one
calendar month next and immediately after the date of the said Royal Letters
Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all the liberties and advantages
whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become
void, anything therein-before contained to the contrary thereof in anywise
notwithstanding.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edmund Cartwright, in pursuance of
and compliance with the said proviso in the said recited Royal Letters Patent
contained, do, by this present instrument, declare that the nature of my said
Improvements upon and Additions to Machinery by me already invented (and
for which I have at sundry times obtained His Majesty's Letters Patent) for
Manufacturing and Fabricating Wool, Hemp, Flax, Silk, Hair, and Cotton
from the raw State ofeach respective article till made into Yarn, Twist, Cords,
Ropes, and Cables, and till perfected in the Loom and Cut for Raising a Pile,
and the manner which the same is to be performed, is described and ascertained
in the plan hereunto annexed, and which is explained and referred to in the
letters, figures, and words following, that is to say :-
Figure 1, crank lasher. A, a tube through which the material, being formed
into a sliver, and slightly twisted, is drawn forwards by the delivering rollers.
B, a wheel fast upon the cross barr of the crank. C, a wheel, on the opposite
end of whose axis is a pinion working in a wheel upon the axis of one of the
delivering rollers. Note, when two or more slivers are required, the cans or
baskets in which they are contained are placed upon a table under the lasher,
which, by having a slow motion, twists them together as they go up. Figure 2,
circular clearing comb for giving work in the head, carried in a frame by two
cranks; on the bar of one crank is fixed a wheel or worm giving motion to a
wheel on the axis of the comb; on the bar of the other crank is a worm or
wheel giving motion to the drawing rollers; from the drawing rollers the
material is conducted away by calendar rollers along an endless cloth. Note,
sheep's wool may be combed by a pair of combs working against each
other upon this principle horizontally, and the drawing rollers placed under-
neath the combs; they may be fed either by horizontal lashing frames or
crank lashers. Figure 3, a circular comb or porcupine, having teeth pointing
from the centre, working upon the comb or heckle table, for the purpose of
clearing the material. Figure 4, a comb or heckle working by a rack.
Figure 5, a comb or heckle table set vertically, or edgewise, having an hori-
zontal table with perpendicular teeth to receive the loose ends of the material
as they fall and clear out the lumps and knots. Both this and Figure 4 are

page_text: fed, worked, and have the material drawn off upon the same principle as the
circular horizontal comb or heckle table. Figure 6, the cordelier. A, the
axis; B, the top; having holes through it for the stands to pass. and which
serves for a gudgeon for the machine to turn upon; C, D, pullies fixed to the
axis; E, E, E, jacks or spole-frames; F, dend wheel within which the axis
revolves; G, G, G, counter wheels upon the pully D; H, FI, El, the jack or
spole-frame wheels; I, I, I, delivering rollers, receiving motion by means of a
wheel upon the axis of one of them from K, K, K, hollow worms, within which
they respectively revolve. The gudgeons of the jack or spole-frames next the
toparehollow, through which the strands are delivered to thetop. L,1,drawing
rollers. Figure 7. jack or spole-frame. Figure 8. A, A, delivering rollers;
A, a
B, hollow worm. Figure 9, for making the lathe give a sharp blow.
crank B, a lever vibrating at C connected with the crank by the bar 1);
E. a lever vibrating at F, connected with G, the sword of the lathe, by the
bar ; as the lathe comes forwards the catch I is relieved by a stud fixed
in the frame at the loom, and the lever E pushed forward by the spring K;
as the lever B comes forward the catch drops upon the lever E, and brings
the lathe back. Figure 10, a selvedge pully. To make the selvedge tight
there are pullies covered with cloth or leather, or other soft elastic matter,
fixed on the outside of the shuttle box, and projecting through a mortice a
little way within the box, so ns that when the shuttle goes into the box the
pully may press gently against it at that part where the weft comes out, and,
revolving with it, prevent the weft from coming too easily off the pin.
Figure 11 A, the shuttle-box lever vibrating at B; when the picker is driven
back by the shuttle it presses under the back end of the lever, and brings
the nose of it upon the shuttle, and prevents its rebounding. When the
picker is forwards, the back end of the lever being the heavier, the other
end rises up to receive the shuttle on its return. Figure 12, for making a
check or stripe pattern. A, a sword of the lathe; B, the shuttle box gliding
horizontally; C, a lever swinging upon the saine centre with the sword, and
which, being connected with the shuttle box, moves it forwards or backwards;
D), one of the tappets fixed against the side of the loom post working the traddle,
E; Fa spring to force the traddle down sharply; G, a ratchet wheel upon the
same axis with the tappets, receiving motion from the bar El. Every time the
lathe vibrates, the bar takes a tooth of the wheel, which must have teeth corre
sponding with the threads in the pattern. If the shuttle passes without a
thread, the operator holds up the bar which hangs in a joint till the defi-
ciency is supplied. 1. K, traddle cords for moving the lever C. Figures 18
and 14, the cutting engine for raising a pile, consists of circular knives, fixed

page_text: upon an axis at distances corresponding with the floated parts to be cut. The
guides may be cast in metal, as needles are, for the cotton carding, doffers,
and screwed to a bar; each guide is conducted by a hollow needle to its place.
The hollow needles or conductors being entered, thecloth is then drawn up to
the machine and the guides inserted into the conductors; the cloth is then
drawn forwards till the guides enter the floated parts, the conductors are then
withdrawn; the cloth (being previously wound tightand level upona roller or
beam) is then drawn off by another roller or beam lying behind the machine,
on the axis of which roller or beam is a large beam pully giving action to a
small pully on the axis of the cutters, in the manner of a turning lathe. A, a
circular knife; B, a guide; C, a conductor.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Cartwright, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Eleventh day of June, in the thirty-second year
of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the Grace of
God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the
Faith, and so forth, and in the year of our, Lord One thousand seven
Inrolled the Thirteenth day of June, in the year above written.