IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Thomas Nelson of Leeds in the County of York
Mechanical Engineer for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Thomas Nelson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1883.
JOHN THOMAS NELSON of Leeds in the County of York Mechanical Engineer ;
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS
"
My invention relates to improvements in machinery for spinning wool and other
fibrous materials.
The improvements consist of a pair of rollers which deliver the material to be
spun, an intermediate revolving eye through which the yarn passes and of a
spindle and flyer by means of which the yarn is drawn twisted and wound on
bobbins or tubes.
The spindles and flyers have an independant differential motion by means of
which the yarn is wound on the bobbins at a quicker rate than it is delivered by
the rollers and so drawn out finer.
The spindles by their rotation at the same time twist the yarn sufficiently to give
it the required strength and condition. As the twist required to give the yarn
strength would not allow of its being drawn freely and evenly, revolving cyes are
placed between the spindles and the rollers.
The yarn is led through these eyes which are arranged so as to allow it to pass
through them freely and at the same time prevent any twist passing from the
spindles to the yarn between the eyes and the rollers.
These eyes are revolved by suitable gearing so as to give sufficient twist to the
yarn between them and the rollers to allow it to be drawn evenly.
As the yarn between the spindles and the revolving eyes is being twisted up and
is so rendered strong no drawing out of the yarn takes place between these points,
but between the revolving eyes and the rollers the yarn is soft having only sufficient
twist put into it to allow it to be drawn out freely and evenly, therefore all drawing
out of the yarn takes place between these points.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Thomas Nelson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd August 1883.
JOHN THOMAS NELSON of Leeds in the County of York Mechanical Engineer
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS
"
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING
My Invention relates to improvements in machinery for spinning wool and other
fibrous materials.
These improvements consist in the arrangement and application of a pair of
rollers to machinery for spinning wool and other fibrous materials which rollers
conduct and deliver the material to be spun to an intermediate revolving eye
through which the yarn passes to a spindle and flyer by means of which the yarn
is drawn twisted and wound on bobbins or tubes.
The spindles and flyers have an independent differential motion by means of
which the yarn is wound on the bobbins at a quicker rate than it is delivered by
the rollers and so drawn out finer.
The spindles by their rotation at the same time twist the yarn sufficiently to give
it the required strength and condition.
As the twist required to give the yarn sufficient strength would not allow of
its being drawn freely and evenly revolving eyes are placed between the spindles
and the rollers.
The yarn is led through these revolving eyes which are arranged so as to allow
it to pass through them freely and at the same time prevent any twist passing from
the spindles to the yarn between the eyes and the rollers.
These eyes are revolved by suitable gearing so as to give sufficient twist to the
yarn between them and the rollers to allow it to be drawn evenly.
As the yarn between the spindles and the revolving eyes is being twisted up and
is so rendered strong no drawing out of the yarn takes place between these points,
but between the revolving eyes and the rollers the yarn is soft having only sufficient
twist put into it to allow it to be drawn out freely and evenly, therefore all drawing
out of the yarn takes place between these two points.
And in order that my invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into practice I will proceed to describe the drawing hereto annexed which shows
so much of a spinning frame and parts connected therewith as will enable me to
explain more fully the nature of my improvements.
Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the general arrangement of one head of a
spinning machine arranged for spinning wool or other fibrous materials in accordance
with my improvements.
Figures 2 and 3 show two forms of the revolving eye on a larger scale.
In Figure 1, A is the condenser bobbin holding the yarn to be spun. This
bobbin is caused to revolve by contact with the roller B and so delivers the yarn
to the delivery rollers C. D. From the rollers CD the yarn passes through the
revolving eye E which is provided with a pulley or wharve and is driven by
bands by the roller G. The revolving eye is carried by the rail F as shown in
section Figure 1.
From the revolving eye the yarn passes through the eye of the flyer H and is
wound on the tube I which is mounted on the spindle J. The thick dotted line
shows the passage of the yarn and the form of the finished cop is shown in
dotted lines.
The flyer H is provided with a bevil pinion K and with it is caused to revolve

page_text: by the skew bevil wheel L. The spindle J is also provided with a similar bevil
pinion M which is driven by the skew bevil wheel N.
Although I show the spindles and flyers driven by gearing it must be clearly
understood that I do not confine myself to its use but may employ any suitable
means to effect the same object.
Again in place of mounting the tube or bobbin on the spindle and driving the
flyer and spindle by independent gear I may mount the flyer on the spindle
leaving the bobbin loose and drive the spindle and bobbin by independent gear as
is usually done in roving frames for cotton, flax and other fibrous materials.
The spindle J which carries the bobbin I, and the flyer H are caused to revolve
in the same direction but at different speeds so that the yarn has the required
amount of twist put into it while it is being wound on the bobbin and in order
to wind the yarn over the whole length of the bobbin the spindle J is caused to
rise and fall.
The rail which carries the footstep of the spindle rises and falls on the guide P
whilst the rail O which carries the flyer is stationary.
As the bobbin gets fuller and so increases in diameter the difference of speed
between the spindle and flyer is caused to vary in proportion so that an equal
quantity of yarn is always wound on. The gearing for accomplishing this object
is similar to that used on roving frames for flax and cotton and need not be further
described.
In Figure 2, A is a longitudinal section and B a side view of one form of
revolving eye arranged and constructed in accordance with my improvements fitted
with three rollers and Figure 3 is the elevation of a revolving eye arranged with
one roller.
These rollers are quite free to revolve on their axes and are caused to revolve by
the passage of the yarn over them at the same time the arm which carries them is
fixed to the revolving eye and revolves with it.
The dotted line 11 represents the yarn which in Figure 2 passes in and out of
the three rollers and in Figure 3 it is taken one or more turns round the single
roller but I do not confine myself to the use of any particular number of rollers or
to their use exclusively.
In some cases I may use hooks or pegs or the revolving eye may be a plain tube
as shown in Figure 1.
The mode of operation is as follows;-The roller B delivers the yarn from the
condenser bobbin A at the same speed as the delivery rollers CD, pay it out. After
it passes the delivery rollers the revolving eye puts into it the requisite amount of
twist to enable it to be drawn properly at the same time the spindles and flyers
are winding the yarn on the bobbins at a greater rate than it is payed out by the
delivery rollers and by this means it is drawn out to the required degree of
fineness.
Now between the flyer H and the revolving eye E the yarn is being twisted up
into a solid thread and cannot be drawn out between those points but as the
revolving eye prevents this amount of twist passing on to the yarn which lies
between it and the rollers C, D, and at the same time allows the yarn to pass freely
through the yarn is drawn while receiving the requisite twist for the purpose
between the revolving eye and the rollers C.D.
Although I have shewn the employment of plain parallel tubes for winding on the
yarn I do not confine myself to them but may use any of bobbin whether parallel
or taper as may be most suitable or requisite.
Having thus described the nature of my invention and the manner of performing
or carrying the same into practice I would remark that I do not limit myself to
the exact details hereinbefore described so long as the main features of my
invention are retained at the same time I make no claim to any of the mechanical
parts separately which are well known and in common use, but what I
claim is
First, The improved general arrangement and combination of machinery for

page_text: spinning wool and other fibrous materials arranged to act substantially in the
manner herein before described and represented in the drawings hereto annexed.
Second. The improved arrangement construction and application of the revolving
eye substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and represented in
the drawings hereto annexed.
In witness whereof I the said John Thomas Nelson have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twenty eighth day of July in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.