Improvements in and in the Manufacture of Parts of Cycles and their Accessories
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 25th May, 1894-Accepted, 28th July, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in the Manufacture of Parts of Cycles and
their Accessories.
I, ROBERT FREDERICK HALL, of the R. F. Hall Manufacturing Company
Limited, of Sampson Road North, Sparkbrook, in the City of Birmingham,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to detail improvements in, and in the manufacture of, some
of the component parts of cycles and their accessories, and consists, in the first part,
in improvements in the construction, arrangement and fitting of the pedals; in the
second part, in a new construction of combined rat-trap and rubber pedals; in the
third part, in dust proof pedals; in the fourth part, in brake or brake rod
adjustments; in the fifth part, in the manufacture of chain; in the sixth part, in
attachable and detachable means in connection with mud-guards; in the seventh
part, in the chain adjustment means at the ends of the back fork; in the eighth
part, in inflators or air pumps, and in the ninth part, in spanners to be used with
the said cycles.
In carrying out one part of my improvements in connection with pedals, I cut
out the end or pedal plates from thin sheet steel or other metal, with the horns of
the same directed from the two opposite sides of the middle and body part, which
is centrally pierced with holes to receive the ball bearing cups, each consisting of
an inside ball race or bush, open at its outer end, and having at its other end, a
collar or flange which comes upon the inside back of the middle part of the pedal
plate, and with the inner end of the said cup taking over the end of the tube of the
covered centre. Thus each of the cups, which are made separate from the covered
centres, and separate from the pedal plates, consists of a hollow and flanged
attachment, contracted or reduced internally about its middle, forming as it were
two end chambers, the one forming the ball bearing race, and the other adapted to
receive an end of the tube constituting the covered centre.
The fore and barrel part of the said cupped attachment extends forwardly through
the hole in the pedal plate, and with the collar or flange coming at the back of the
same, whilst a neck, inward of the flanges, takes over the end of, and comes flush
with, the tube of a covered centre.
The said component parts are either affixed by a closing process or processes or
by brazing or otherwise.
In carrying out my improvements in connection with the treads of pedals, so as
to utilize the entire breadth of the rubber or tread surface employed, instead of
using the entire breadth between the pedal plates, I only employ a portion of the
breadth between the horns of the pedal plates.
Thus, the pedal plates or the end plates of the pedal have their outer parts
cranked inwarde, so as to reduce the length of the tread surface, or the distance
between the outer parts of the said end plates.
Thus, the end plates have their outer portions brought inwards to such an extent
that the rubber or rat-trap surface coming between them is entirely utilized as the
tread, instead of leaving end portions upon which the foot never comes.
This reduction of the length of the tread by the cranking or bringing inwards of
the ends or the bracket ends is an advantage in respect to lessening the weight of
the pedals and to the use therewith of a minimum of rubber or other material.
In carrying out a further form of my invention in connection with pedals having
rubber treads, I employ a pedal body and pedal plates of the construction as herein
described, or of any other suitable construction, and I affix the rubber treads

page_text: between longitudinally directed clamping plates consisting of two strips of metal,
preferably with outside beaded edges, and inside flat parts, which are brought
together with the web of a T sectioned rubber tread coming between them, and
with the ends of the said strips united to the pedal plates or the returned ends of
the pedal plates by rivetting or otherwise.
Now the rubber treads upon each side of the pedals are formed from T-sectioned
rubber, with the heads of the same coming upon the top and bottom edges of the
clamping plates, and with the webs of them coming between and being held by the
plates, or the rubber of both sides may be made in a piece, and of the section of a
double headed rail or a double headed T.
Or the tread frame plates may be made in cross section alike unto an H-sectioned
girder, with the top webs forming the rests for the rubber, which have expanded
bases, over which the edges of the metal of the frame are turned.
I propose that the sections of the rubber should be longitudinally channelled
upon the tread surfaces, so as to reduce the weight of the same, whilst possessing a
maximum of tread surface.
As a further form of my invention, the said rubber-tread-gripping plates or
frames may be made of two parts, or of two plates, with their ends made hook
section, so that when the same are brought together, rubber treads are supported
and held between the said ends, whose hook formations are turned inwards.
In carrying out a further improvement in connection with combined rubber and
rat-trap pedals, I make the sides up of two longitudinally disposed plates, between
which, upon one edge, a web or the attachment part of a rubber tread is held and
lamped by the bringing of the said plates together with the rubber between them,
whilst the other edge, which is extended downwards or upwards relative to the
axis of the pedal, has rat-trap teeth cut or fashioned from out of it.
By producing pedals as described, considerable economy is effected in the
manufacture of the same, besides which, the weight of the article is considerably
reduced, which is now an important factor in cycle fittings.
The clamping plates of the rubber treads may be made from drawn metal, with
hollow headed edges or the like, and which said plates inay be ribbed, and so also
the sheet metal end plates may be embossed to make the same acquire the greatest
possible strength with a minimum of metal.
Although I have described that the last named building up of the treads is
particularly applicable to pedals with one side rat-trap and the other rubber, yet
the same principle of construction may be applied where both sides are required to
be fitted with rubber or having rat-trap treads.
In carrying out the production of a dust-proof pedal according to the third part
of my invention, I provide and fit over the open ends of the cups of the ball races,
and over the cones, caps, having inside diameters equal to the outside diameters
of the necks of the cups, and with D shaped middle piercings taking upon like
D sectioned parts of the spindles, so that the dust-proof caps, which take over and
hood or cover up the ends of the ball races and the cognate parts working within
them, remain stationary relative to the spindle.
In carrying out the brake adjustment means, hereinbefore referred to as
constituting the fourth part of my invention, the brake rod, or the lower end of the
brake rod, (to the upper end of which the brake lever is jointedly connected) is
worined, and takes through an adjusting screw nut or screw box having a milled
head and neck or body part, and which latter takes and is fitted within the upper
end, which is split, of a brake tube, circumferentially embraced by a clip, closed
by a screw pin or equivalent.
The lower end of the brake tube has fitted to it, the brake block, spoon or other
wheel retarding means. Thus, the elements employed in connection with the
adjustable means as aforesaid, consists of a screwed brake rod, taking through an
adjustable nut, which is clamped within the plain and split upper end of a brake
tube.
Now assuming that an adjustment is required to be made in the brake, first

page_text: loosen the clamping band by the unscrewing of the pin, when the nut or screw box
is released.
Now rotate the screw box upon the wormie'l part of the brake rod to the desired
extent relative to the necessary adjustment. Then place the nut with the rod in
the split end of the brake tube, when by the drawing-to of the clip, the split
sectional parts of the end of the tube is then drawn upon the nut or screw box,
which is clamped in position, and a positive adjustment thereby made.
In the driving chain, as comprehended under the fifth part of my invention;
this relates to the rivet parts of the said chain, and has for its object, the hardening
of the whole of the said rivets less those parts requiring to be left malleable or soft
for rivetting, that is to say, this part of my invention consists in leaving malleable or
soft, end portions of hardened steel rivets, thus dispensing with the use of hardened
steel bushes, as now employed.
By my invention, the wearing properties of the rivets are greatly increased, and
the same, when fitted, are prevented from rotating.
In carrying out the process of leaving soft or malleable portions of the said
rivets, I subject the whole of them, less those portions which are to be left soft or
malleable, to the action of heat or flame, and with those parts to be left soft
protected by a screen or shield, and when the parts to be hardened are sufficiently
heated, the same are immersed in a suitable liquid, hence the hardening, with
those portions not brought under the action of the heat or flame left intact, or
malleable or soft.
I prefer to effect the heating by flame jets, with or without blast.
The ends thus left soft or malleable are shouldered or cross faceted or squared,
which ends take into like shaped holes in the chain links, by which squaring up
of the ends, the said rivets having entire hardened bodies, are prevented from
rotating.
In carrying out the sixth part of my invention in connection with attachable and
detachable mud guards or other loose framings, which at times it may be desirable
to remove when not required to be used, I employ in connection with the said
mud-guards or the like, detachable clips.
Thus, in applying this part of my invention in connection with the mud guard of
a back wheel, I provide the back framing, or the back of a diamond framing, which.
is composed of two sides, coming together, but having a distance between them
greater than the breadth of the wheel and of the mud guard, with cross struts
or cross ties, consisting essentially of bars, around which, attachment clips, as
hereinafter described, carried by the mud guard, come.
Thus the members of each side of the framing or the back stays, the one directed
obliquely from the bottom bracket, and the other from the seat, and both
terminating at the same point at the rear, are provided at points between the said
sides, with cross struts.
Now the guards are fitted with attachment clips, each consisting of a horse-shoe-
shaped strip-steel clip, with the ends made solid, and wherethrough a drawing-up
screw pin passes. The crowns of the said clips have ears or flanges for the
attachment of the said clip to the inner side of the mud guard, or to the stays of
the same at suitable points.
The attachment band clips are preferably made from cruciform blanks,
subsequently fashioned into the desired clip form.
In affixing a mud guard, place the clips around the struts or cross ties coming
between the frame members, or around the frame members themselves. Then pass
the screw through the terminal ends of the band clip, and screw the same home,
when the necessary attachment is made.
In carrying out the seventh part of my invention relating to the chain adjustment
means at the ends of the back forks, I fit both sides of the said back forks with
adjustment means, each consisting of a propelling and repelling screw, terminated
at its inner end by a spindle bearing or a ring wherethrough the spindle passes,
and with the inner end of the said bearing ring or plate having ribs, lugs or

page_text: feathers, which take within longitudinal channels or grooves, disposed upon or
-directed along the branched members of the forks, which have lugs adapted to
take within the lower ends of the lower bracket stay members and the seat stay
members.
By the lugs on the bearings taking and sliding within the channels or grooves
directed along the sides as aforesaid, the branches are prevented from opening
out.
Fitted within the ends of the said branches are cross bars, having plain bearings
or eyes through their middles, wherethrough the adjustment or tightening-up
screws pass, and at the back of it, the adjustment nuts or screw turns taking upon
the ends of the said screws abut and take their bearings.
In carrying out the eighth part of my invention relative to pneumatic tyre inflators,
which are carried by, and form an accessory to, a machine, I provide the said
instrument with a means for preventing the inner tube from coming out of the
outer one, or the outer one from over the inner one, or the rod, where one is
employed, from coming out of the pump.
The said means may consist of a turn-down catch, spring catch or detent, or a
screw turn, which ties or connects the one part to the other, or otherwise prevents
the one part from moving within or over the other part, when the inflator is out
of use.
In one form of my invention the pump may be constructed and arranged as
follows:-
I take an ordinary barrel or cylinder, and fit the interior of the same with a
reciprocating and double-headed piston, or a double piston separated by a rack-
toothed stalk or rod, with the teeth of which, a pinion on the axis of a toothed
wheel engages.
Also alternately intergearing with the said toothed wheel are two
shifting pinions, which respectively alternately intergear with a pinion or toothed
wheel upon an axis, to which an arm, lever or winch handle is connected.
The first named toothed wheel is provided with a stud upon its face, or projecting
from its periphery beyond and without the plane of its teeth, and the said stud is
for the purpose of throwing the shifting pinions alternately into and out of gear on
each reciprocation of the double piston.
Directed from both ends of the pump barrel are passages leading to a supply
connection fitted with a valve or valves common to them both. One end of the
barrel is fitted with a loop or ring, whilst the foot and lower end has a resting foot
or spike.
Now by rotating the crank or winch handle after the manner of a windlass,
motion is imparted to the pistons through one or other of the shifting pinions, the
toothed wheel, the rack pinion and the rack.
In carrying out a further form of my invention in connection with power-working
inflators, I provide, as before, the barrel casing with two pistons or two piston
heads, separated from each other, and connected together by a reciprocating slide
having a row of stud teeth directed up its middle alike unto a Mangle rack, and
surrounding these said stud teeth is a continuous groove or path, in which the
bearing end of a pinion (operated by a lever, winch handle or its equivalent,) which
engages with the rack studs, takes.
The slide which carries the rack and the pistons has rollers at its ends, so as
to reduce the frictional contact between the moving parts and the inside of
casing.
propose also to provide the studs of the rack teeth with rollers also to reduce
friction, and the outer end of the axis of the pinion with a suitable fixed bearing,
so that on the pinion being rotated through the lever or handle, the slide is
reciprocated, and with it the piston ends, whilst the groove or path surrounding the
rack teeth is continuously drawn or moved over the inner end of the pinion axis,
and on the end studs of the rack completing their traverse, the axis of the pinion
then traverses from one side of the rack to the other, and this may be accomplished
by the bearing of the pinion being made resilient or to work in a slot having

page_text: springs at the two ends, so as to admit of the pinion first operating upon one side
of the rack, and then on the other, by the lateral sliding of the said pinion at the
end of each traverse.
In a further form of this part of my invention, the studs may be arranged to
take a course after the fashion of an endless band, that is an endless row of studs
with the path coming in a continuous manner within the inside of them and
surrounding a middle rib.
By rotating the lever, the pinion, by a continuous rotation reciprocates the slide-
and pistons, and on the completion of each traverse, the said pinion is transferred
from one side of the rack to the other, whether the same works inside or outside of
the rack.
The outlet pipes at the ends of the casing lead to a common delivery.
In carrying out my invention of the ninth part in connection with the production.
of spanners for cycles, I make the handle and fixed jaw parts up of two longitudinal
and hollow sectional parts, which, when brought together, with the hollow of the
one part adjacent to and coincident with the hollow of the other part, form a
flattened tubular-like spanner body part with fixed jaw, on the rivetting together
of the said halves or longitudinal sectional parts.
That part of the said flat tubular-shaped hollow body part is open about its.
middle, down which, or within which, the shank of the movable jaw works, whilst.
the lower end is wormed, upon which a screw box or screw nut fitted and working
through a piercing cut within the middle part of the spanner engages, so that by
rotating the said nut, it extends slightly beyond the outside walls of the sides as.
aforesaid, the movable jaw is propelled and repelled, and the distance between the
jaws thereby adjusted.
In carrying out a further form of my invention in connection with folding.
spanners having fixed heads, I take two sectional parts or sides, and connect the
same together by rivetting or otherwise, and pivot to the one end of the same, one,.
two three or more spanner arms surmounted by heads having hexagonal middle
piercings suitable for taking upon varying sized nuts.
These said spanner heads or parts are cut out from sheet metal and turn or pivot.
fanlike upon a common axis near one end of the handle or holder, and which
end has a stop against which the said spanners take a bearing when straightened.
out.
I may also pierce the middle or an enlarged inner end of the handle with a.
hexagonal piercing for taking upon a nut.
The sides of the handle part of the fold-up compound spanner are kept at even
distances apart by distance pieces or hollow sleeves wherethrough affixing rivets.
pass.
Dated this 24th day of August 1893.
ROBERT FREDERICK HALL,.
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
5 Improvements in and in the Manufacture of Parts of Cycles and
their Accessories.
I, ROBERT FREDERICK HALL, of the R. F. Hall Manufacturing Company
Limited, of Sampson Road North, Sparkbrook, in the City of Birmingham, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
0 the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to detail improvements in, and in the manufacture of, some

page_text: .
of the component parts of cycles and their accessories, and consists, in the first part,
in improvements in the construction, arrangement and fitting of the pedals; in the
second part, in a new construction of combined rat-trap and rubber pedals; in the
third part, in dust proof pedals; in the fourth part, in brake or brake rod adjust-
ments; in the fifth part, in a treatment of a component in the manufacture of chain;
in the sixth part, in attachable and detachable means in connection with mud-guards;
in the seventh part, in the chain adjustment means at the end of the back fork;
the eighth part, in inflators or air pumps and in the ninth part, in spanners to be
used with the said cycles.
in
In carrying out my improvements in connection with pedals, I cut out the end or
pedal plates from thin sheet steel or other metal, with the horns of the same
directed from the two opposite sides of the middle and body part, each of which is
centrally pierced with a hole to receive the ball bearing cups, each consisting of an
inside ball race or bush open at its outer end, and having at its other end, a collar
or flange which comes upon the inside back of the middle part of the pedal plate,
and with the inner end of the said cup taking over the end of the tube of the covered
centre. Thus each of the cups, which are made separate from the covered centres,
and separate from the pedal plates, consists of a hollow and flanged attachment,
contracted or reduced internally about its middle, forming as it were two end
chambers, the one forming the ball bearing race, and the other adapted to receive
an end of the tube constituting the covered centre.
The fore and barrel part of the said cupped attachment extends forwardly through
the hole in the pedal plate, and with the collar or flange coming at the back of the
same, whilst a neck, inward of the flanges, takes over the end of, and comes flushi
with, the tube of a covered centre.
The said component parts are either affixed by a closing process or processes or
by brazing or otherwise.
To utilize the entire breadth of the rubber or tread surface of pedals
employed, instead of using the entire breadth between the pedal plates, I only
employ a portion of the breadth between the horns of the pedal plates.
Thus, the pedal plates or the end plates of the pedal have their outer parts
cranked inwards, so as to reduce the length of the tread surface, or the distance
between the outer parts of the said end plates.
Thus, the end plates have their outer portions brought inwards to such an extent
that the rubber or rat-trap surface coming between them is entirely utilized as the
tread, instead of leaving end portions upon which the foot never comes.
This reduction of the length of the tread by the cranking or bringing inwards of
the ends or the bracket ends is an advantage in respect to lessening the weight of
the pedals and to the use therewith of a minimum of rubber or other material.
In connection with pedals having rubber treads, 1 employ a pedal body and
pedal plates of the construction as herein described, or of any other suitable
construction, and I affix the rubber treads between longitudinally directed clamping
plates, consisting of two strips of metal, preferably with outside beaded edges, and
inside flat parts, which are brought together, with the web of a T sectioned rubber
tread coming between them, and with the ends of the said strips united to the pedal
plates, or the returned ends of the pedal plates, by rivetting or otherwise.
Now the rubber treads upon each side of the pedals are formed from T or Y
sectioned rubber, with the heads of the same coming upon the top and bottom edges
of the clamping plates, and with the webs of them coming between and being held
by the plates, or the rubber of both sides may be made in a piece, and of the section
of a double headed rail or a double headed T.
Or the tread frame plates may be made in cross section alike unto an H-sectioned
girder, with the top webs forming the rests for the rubber which have expanded
bases, over which the edges of the metal of the frame are turned.
The sections of the rubber may be longitudinally channelled upon the tread
eurfaces, so as to reduce the weight of the same, whilst possessing a maximum o
tread surface.

page_text: The said rubber-tread-gripping plates or frames may be made of two parts, or of
two plates, with their ends made hook section, so that when the same are brought
together, rubber treads are supported and held between the said ends, whose hook
formations are turned inwards.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents a cycle pedal, with the same
constructed, or with parts constructed and made, according to one part of my
invention.
Figure 2 represents an edge view of the same, showing the clamping cheeks or
plates between which the rubber cheeks are held and gripped.
Figure 3 is a cross section of Figure 1 upon the dotted lines x-x.
Figure 4 represents an end elevation of the said pedal.
Figure 5 represents an edge view of one of the end pedal plates separately.
Figure 6 represents a front elevation of the same, whilst
Figure 7 represents an elevation of the blank from which the said pedal plate.
Figures 5 and 6 is made, and
Figure 8 represents an edge view of the shaped side plate.
Figure 9 shows a section of one of the rubber treads, before the same is gripped
between the clamping plates or holding cheeks shown separately and in section in
Figure 10, and in front elevation of one of them in Figure 11.
Figure 12 shows a section and front elevation of the ball bearing cup separately.
In Figures 1 to 12, a are end pedal plates, cut out from thin sheet steel or other
sheet metal, haring horns a', and with the middle part of each of the said plates
pierced with holes a', to receive the ball-bearing cups b, each having a ball-bearing
race b', a bush or neck 62, stepped on its outer side at , and a collar 6, which
latter comes upon the inside back of the sunken inside middle part a', of the pedal
plates a.
c is a tube or covered centre, whose open ends come between the ball-bearing cups b,
and take upon the stepped ends b³.
Each of the sides d, of the pedal is made up of opposed side cheeks, strips or
plates d', d', between the hook-shaped top and bottom edges d, of which, the
shanks e, of the rubber treads e, are gripped and held, on the said plates being
connected together by rivets d³, or otherwise. The rivets or means of connection
are made to unite both the gripping plates d¹, together and also the end pedal
plates, by the said rivets taking through the ears a', which come between the ends
of the opposed faces of the side plates d', d', whilst the said plates are confined to
set positions by ear stops as, directed outwardly from the sides of the pedal plate
ends a.
It will be thus seen that the whole of the component parts of the pedal are made
interchangeable, and that the same when fitted, are conjointly held together by the
sides of the pedal, which, besides taking the function of ties, constitute carriers and
grips for the rubber treads.
Although I have represented rivets as the means of connecting the sides to the
ends, yet equivalents, such as screw pins, cottars, metal bulgings or the like, may be
employed in their stead.
It will be obvious that by the cranking-in of the end pedal plates, that the
normal breadth of the tread is contracted to the actual width of the tread of the
foot, without diminishing the distance between the bearings.
Instead of employing side plates or cheeks d', of the section as shown, I may
employ flat plates, or plates with only the upper portions of the same turned over,
so as to make a better grip, and the connection of the rubber treads may be made
by making the said treads e, of the section as represented, and sliding their foot
ends e, into the undercut space embraced between the turned over top and bottom
edges d, of the plates d', or the shanks of the rubber treads may be made straight
or plain, and the edges d, of the plates may be turned inwards and made to imbed
themselves into the opposite sides of the rubber, for holding them, by a press or by
tools.
In a further form of my invention in connection with combined rubber and

page_text: rat-trap pedals, I make the sides up of two longitudinally disposed tie plates, between
which, upon one edge, a web or the attachment part of a rubber tread is held and
clamped, by the bringing of the said plates together, with the rubber between them,
whilst the other edge, which is extended downwards or upwards relative to the axis
of the pedal, has rat-trap teeth cut or fashioned from out of it.
By producing pedals as described, considerable economy is effected in the
manufacture of the same, besides which, the weight of the article is considerably
reduced, which is now an important factor in cycle fittings.
The clamping plates of the rubber treads may be made from drawn metal, with
hollow beaded edges or the like, and which said plates may be ribbed, and so also the
sheet metal end plates may be embossed, to make the same acquire the greatest
possible strength with a minimum of metal.
Although I have described that the last named building-up of the treads is
particularly applicable to pedals with one side rat-trap and the other rubber, yet
the same principle of construction may be applied where both sides are required
either to be fitted with rubber, or to have rat-trap treads only.
Figure 13 represents a pedal made according to one part of my invention, with
-one side provided with rubber treads and the other with rat-trap.
Figure 14 represents a side elevation of the said pedal, whilst Figure 15
represents an edge view and an elevation of one of the side and tie plates
separately.
The pedal plate ends are united to the sides in the same way as already described
and represented.
a are the end pedal plates, the ball-bearing cups, c is the covered centre and
d the side and tie plates of the sides d, with the one edge formed into rat-trap
teeth do, whilst the other edge &, is made to clamp or receive the foot or shank
end el, of the rubber tread e.
I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the cross-sectional shape
of the plates, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of this
part of my invention, which is a combined and reversible rubber and rat trap
pedal, nor do I confine myself to the section of the rubber treads, as these also
may be varied to suit the kinds of side plates employed.
Figure 16 represents a pedal with rubber treads upon two opposite sides of one
edge, and a rubber tread and a rat-trap tread upon the two opposite sides
respectively of the other edge.
In making a dust-proof pedal according to a part of my invention, I provide and
fit over the open ends of the cups of the ball races, and over the cones, caps,
having inside diameters equal to the outside diameters of the necks of the cups,
and with D shaped middle piercings taking upon like D sectioned parts of the
spindles, so that the dust-proof caps, which take over and hood or cover up the
ends of the ball races and the cognate parts working within them, remain stationary
with the spindle.
Figure 17 represents a dust-proof pedal with the end part of the spindle in
-section.
Figure 18 represents a section and a front elevation of the cap.
Figure 19 represents a part horizontal section of the said pedal, showing the
position of the cap relative to the ball bearing fittings and cone.
a are the end pedal plates, b is the ball bearing race, c is the covered centre,
d are the sides, h is the spindle, i the cone taking upon the end of the spindle, and ; is
for covering up the joints of the fitted together parts, to prevent the ingress
of dirt to the ball bearings k. m is a nut taking upon the end of the spindle,
outward of the cap, and n is an interposed washer.
a cup
In the brake adjustment means, herein before referred to as constituting the
fourth part of my invention, the brake rod, or the lower end of the brake rod, (to
the upper end of which the brake lever is jointedly connected) is wormed, and
.takes through a split and partly inside screwed cap or screw box, forming, with

page_text: lugs extending from the sides of it, an adjustable clip, and which said screw box
takes and fits upon the upper and split end, of a brake tube whose lower end
carries the brake block, spoon or other wheel retarding means.
8.9
Thus, the elements employed in connection with the adjustable means
aforesaid, consist of a screwed brake rod, taking through an adjustable clip, which
is preferably clamped upon the plain and split upper end of a brake tube.
Figure 20 represents, in side elevation, a safety bicycle, provided or fitted with
an adjustable brake made according to my invention.
Figure 21 represents a front elevation of that part of the brake containing my
improvements.
Figure 22 represents an elevation of Figure 21, but with the same turned round
at right angles.
The said Figure 21 shows the band drawn to by a thumb screw, and it also
shows the split upper end of the brake tube.
Figure 23 represents a vertical section of the adjustable part of the brake rod.
Figure 24 represents a cross section of the brake rod adjustment means upon the
dotted lines - Figure 21.
Figure 25 shows the parts of the adjustment means separately.
a is the brake rod, with its lower end a², wormed, and with its upper end a',
bifurcated and jointedly connected to the brake lever t, and with the said wormed
end taking down the open and cross split end d³, of the brake tube d, whose upper
end is fitted with a cap clip c, split down one side at c, and with the crown part c',
inside screwed and with the lower part plain chambered at c³, so as to fit upon the
plain open end d³, of the top of the brake tube d. This said lower part, has
a divided or split lug e, through plain and screwed holes c, c, in which, a tightening
screw pin e, passes.
Now assuming that an adjustment is required to be made in the length of the
brake rod, or that the distance between the brake block and the connection with
the handle is required to be changed, first loosen the clamping clip c, by unscrewing
the pin e, when the inside screwed crown part is loosened.
Now rotate the screw box upon the wormed part of the brake rod to the desired
extent relative to the necessary adjustment. Then place the rod down the split
end of the brake tube, with the cap clip upon the end of it, then turn the screw
pin when the split parts of the cap are drawn together upon the rod and end of
tube, hence the affixing of the whole of the said component parts rigidly 'together
in their newly adjusted positions.
Figure 26 represents a modified form of adjustable brake rod or fitting.
In this form of my invention, the brake rod is made tubular, and that part of
the device which carries the brake is made in the form of a rod.
Figure 27 represents a section of the adjustable, middle part of the same.
Figure 28 represents a cross section upon the dotted lines A Figure 26.
In Figures 26 27 and 28, a is a hollow brake rod, connected at its upper end to
the brake lever, and having its lower end cross slit at a', within which, the upper
end d², of a rod d, passes, and is clamped in any adjusted position by a screw pin e,
passing through a loose and split lugged clip c, surrounding the said split part a', as
aforesaid.
By outwardly screwing the pin e, the parts are loosened and admit of sliding one
upon another or one within the other, and after adjustment, the screwing home of
the pin fixedly secures (by clamping) the whole of the parts together.
My invention in respect of driving chain relates to the rivet parts of the same
and has for its object, the hardening of the whole of the said rivets less those parts
requiring to be left malleable or soft for rivetting, that is to say, this part of my
invention consists in leaving malleable or soft or the original metal intact, the end
portions of hardened steel rivets, thus dispensing with the use of hardened steel
casings as now employed.
By my invention, the wearing properties of the rivets are greatly increased, and
the same,
when fitted, are prevented from rotating.

page_text: In carrying out the process of leaving soft or malleable portions of the said
rivets, I subject the whole of them, less the end parts which are to be left soft.or
malleable, to the action of heat or flame, and with those parts to be left soft
protected by a screen or shield, and when the parts to be hardened are sufficiently
heated, the same are immersed in a suitable liquid, hence the hardening, with those
portions not brought under the action of the heat or flame left intact, or malleable
or soft.
I prefer to effect the heating by flame jets, with or without blast.
The ends thus left soft or malleable are shouldered or cross faceted or squared,
which ends take into like shaped holes in the chain links.
Figure 29 represents a length of chain having rivets with hardened bodies, and
with their ends left soft and in a condition suitable for expanding by rivetting.
Figure 30 represents, in perspective, a knife edged rivet with unshouldered ends,
which are left soft.
Figure 31 represents a soft-ended and shouldered rivet.
Figure 32 represents a plain rivet, with the ends left soft and the middle part
hardened to resist wear.
In the sixth part of my invention in connection with attachable and detachable
mud guards, or other loose framings, which at times it may be desirable to remove
when not required to be used, I employ in connection with the said mud-guards or
the like, detachable clips.
Thus, in applying this part of my invention in connection with the mud guard
of a back wheel, I provide the back framing, or the back of a diamond framing,
which is composed of two sides, coming together, but having a distance between
them greater than the breadth of the wheel and of the mud guard, with cross
struts or cross ties, consisting essentially of bars, around which, attachment clips,
as hereinafter described, carried by the mud guard, come.
Thus the members of each side of the framing or the back stays, the one directed
obliquely from the bottom bracket, and the other from the seat, and both
terminating at the same point at the rear, are provided at points between the said
sides, with cross struts.
Now the guards are fitted with attachment clips, each consisting of a thin sheet
steel clip or band clip, with the ends made solid, and wherethrough a drawing-up
screw pin passes. The crowns of the said clips have ears or flanges for the
attachment of the said clip to the mud guard, or to the stays of the same at
suitable points.
The attachment band clips are preferably made from cruciform blanks, subse-
quently fashioned into the desired clip form.
In affixing a mud guard, place the clips around the struts or cross ties coming
between the frame members, or around the frame members themselves. Then pass
the screw through the terminal ends of the band clip, and screw the same home,
when the necessary attachment is made.
To remove the mud guard, loosen and take out the screw, when the guard and
attachment are drawn from off the struts and come away together.
Figure 33 represents a safety bicycle, having a detachable mud guard provided
with attachments made according to this invention.
Figure 34 represents a cross section of a portion of the wheel and mud guard
and the band clip attachment fitted thereto.
e is a
Figure 35 represents a cross section of Figure 34 upon the dotted lines a-a.
a is a wheel, is a mud guard, c are back stays and dare cross struts.
band clip, with the free ends drawn together by a screw pin f, and with the crown
of the said clip having made fast with it, a bracket attachment e¹, which is secured
by brazing or rivetting to the guard b, whilst the band clip e, circumferentially
embraces the strut.
In the seventh part of my invention relating to the chain adjustment means at
the ends of the back forks, I fit both sides of the said back forks with adjustment
means, each consisting of a propelling and repelling screw, terminated at its inner

page_text: end by a spindle bearing, or a ring, wherethrough the spindle passes, and with the
inside face of the said bearing ring or plate having ribs, lugs or feathers, which
take within like-shaped longitudinal channels or grooves, formed within or directed
along the branched members of the fork ends.
By the lugs on the bearings taking and sliding within the channels or grooves
directed along the sides as aforesaid, the branches are prevented from opening out.
Fitted within the ends of the said branches are cross bars, having plain bearings
or eyes through their middles, wherethrough the adjustment or tightening-up
screws pass, and at the back of them, the adjustment nuts or screw turns, taking
upon the ends of the said screws, abut and take their bearings.
Figure 36 represents a front elevation of one of the said adjustment ends of the
back forks, with a portion of the rear stay.
Figure 37 represents the fork end separately, with the tightening-up screw pin
and other loose parts of the device removed.
Figure 38 represents a section of one of the branches upon the dotted lines x-x
Figure 37.
Figure 39 represents an inside view of an end elevation of the tightening up pin
with its spindle bearing, showing the dispositions of the square lugs or studs, which
take within the channels or grooves upon the inner sides of the branches of the
bifurcated ends.
In Figures 36 to 39, a is a bifurcated end of the back forks, having branches a', a¹,
separated from each other by a gap or opening a' and with the branches a¹, having
lugs a³, into or upon which the fork and rear stay members a, aº, take. is the
spindle bearing, consisting of a plate 6', pierced in its middle with an opening b³,
for receiving the spindle end, and having upon its inner face, lugs or ribs 63, which
take within longitudinal channels or sinkings a, formed longitudinally within the
branches a', by means of which the said branches are tied or stayed, and prevented
from opening out.
The said spindle bearing is propelled and repelled for adjustment, by a screw
pin 6, carried by the said bearing b, and with the same located between the
branches of the bifurcated ends of the forks, and passing through the bearing hole d,
of a cross bar d, located at and coming up to the ends of the branches a¹, and with
an adjustment nut e, coming at the back of the cross bar and taking upon the screw
pin. Instead of the ribs snugs or feathers being upon the bearing plates, they may
be upon the branches of the forked ends, whilst the channels to receive the ribs are
sunken within the bearing plates.
In the eighth part of my invention relative to pneumatic tyre inflators, which
are carried by, and form an accessory to, a machine, I provide the said instruments
with a means for preventing the inner tube or piston rod (when the same is being
carried or out of use) from coming out of the outer one, or the barrel from coming
from over the inner tube or piston rod, (where one is employed).
The said means may consist of a turn-round or turn-down catch, spring catch or
detent, or a screw turn, which ties or connects the one part to the other, or other-
wise prevents the one part from moving within or over the other part, when the
inflator is out of use.
Figure 40 represents a pump fitted with one form of the aforesaid means for
securing the inner tube or rod within the barrel part, so as to prevent the one
coming from out of or from over the other.
Figure 41 represents a like view as Figure 40, but with the shank end of the
piston detached and slightly drawn out from the cap end of the barrel.
In Figures 40 and 41, a is the hollow piston rod or inner tube, having at the
junction of its shank end a', with the finger grips b, a screwed collar a³, adapted to
take within a like sinking or mouth e, at the entrance to the piston rod hole c¹ of
the cap c, which is secured to the rear end of the barrel c³. 6' is a flexible
connection.
The barrel part c³, forms the handle (when the fingers are placed behind the
finger grips b) by means of which the instrument is worked.

page_text: Assuming that the pump is out of use and requires to be carried, then the
barrel c³, is rotated, when the screw collar a', is at the entrance to the screwed
sinking, by means of which the one part is screwed into or upon the other part.
Figure 42 represents a pump fitted with a further form of piston-rod retaining
means constructed according to this part of my invention.
a is the hollow piston, up which air is forced to the connection b¹. b are the
finger grips, and c is the cap, having formed within it, a bayonet slot c³, which
takes over and engages with the pin a², carried by the collar at the junction of the
inner tube with the grips.
To lock the inner tube to the barrel, bring the entrance to the bayonet slot
opposite to the pin, then slide the one into the other, or the one over the other, and
rotate one of them.
Figure 43 represents a still further form of this part of my invention.
In this arrangement, the lock is formed by or through the medium of a spring
catch or detent.
a is a hollow piston rod, surmounted by a finger grip or holder b, and working
through the cap c, of the barrel c, and with the termination of the rod having a
flexible connection 1, as usual. The cap c, carries a spring catch a', having a stud
or swell as, upon its underside, and jointedly connected to the cap by the rivet a¹.
On the line of the axis of the pump, and in the middle of the finger grip b, is a
sinking, for receiving the swell a*.
When the pump is not in use, the catch a², is turned into the position as
represented by the dotted lines, and with the swell or stud a, taking into the
sinking c³.
On the other hand, when the pump is required to be used, then the catch is
turned aside into the position represented by the said Figure 43.
Instead of the catch swivelling upon a pin, it may turn down upon a hinge.
In carrying out one form of that part of my invention relating to power-working
inflators, I take an ordinary barrel or casing, and provide the interior of the same
with a double-headed piston or plunger, or two connected together piston heads
which beads are connected together by a body, part in the form of a reciprocating
slide, having a row of stud teeth directed up the middle of one side of it, whilst
surrounding these said stud teeth is a continuous groove or path, in which the
bearing end of a pinion (operated by a lever, winch handle or its equivalent),
engaging with the rack studs, takes.
The slide which carries the rack and the pistons may be fitted with rollers so
as to reduce the frictional contact between the moving parts and the inside of
casing.
The outer end of the axis of the pinion is provided with a suitable fixed bearing,
so that on the said pinion being rotated through the lever or handle, the double
piston or plunger, or the slide with double piston ends, is reciprocated, whilst the
groove or path surrounding the rack teeth is continuously drawn or moved over
the inner end of the pinion axis, and on the end studs of the rack completing their
traverse, the axis of the pinion then moves from one side of the rack to the
other, and this may be accomplished by the bearing of the pinion being formed
within sliding blocks, working between cross guides, so as to admit of the pinion
first operating upon one side of the rack, and then on the other by the lateral
sliding of the said pinion at the end of each traverse.
Figure 44 represents a complete longitudinal vertical section of a double-acting
power air pump, constructed, arranged and operated according to my invention.
The bearing bracket and also a part of the operating winch handle is removed, in
order to show more clearly the working parts of the pump.
Figure 45 represents a complete longitudinal vertical section of the said pump
upon the dotted lines - Figure 44, with the top portion of the bearing bracket
(hereinafter described) shown in its place.
Figure 46 represents a cross section of the pump upon the dotted lines A
Figure 454

page_text: *movement is imparted to the piston by the continued rotation of the winch
handle.
The return movement of the double ended plunger closes the valve e, opens the
valve b, forces the compressed air through the delivery pipe e, opens the valve e³,
and closes the valve d', in the same way as before.
In a further form of this part of my invention, the studs of the rack may be
arranged to take a course after the fashion of an endless band, that is, the slide is
provided with an endless path of studs, with the channel for receiving the spindle
-end coming between the opposite racks.
In a modified form of the first described arrangement of power air pump, in
which a single row of rack teeth is employed, I take an ordinary barrel or cylinder
and fit the interior of the same with a reciprocating and double-headed piston or
plunger, as before, the heads of which may be separated by a rack-toothed stalk or
rod, with the teeth of which, a pinion on the axis of a toothed wheel engages.
Also alternately intergearing with the said toothed wheel are two shifting pinions,
which respectively and alternately intergear with a pinion or toothed wheel upon an
axis, to which an arm, lever or winch handle is connected.
The first named toothed wheel has a stud upon its face or projecting from its
periphery, beyond and without the plane of its teeth, and the said stud is for the
purpose of throwing the shifting pinions alternately into and out of gear on each
reciprocation of the double piston.
By now rotating the crank or winch handle after the manner of a windlass,
-motion is imparted to the pistons through one or other of the shifting pinions, the
toothed wheel, the rack pinion and the rack.
In that part of my invention relating to spanners for cycles and the manufacture
or production of them, I make the handle and fixed jaw parts up of two
longitudinal and hollow sectional parts, which, when brought together, with the
hollow of the one part adjacent to and coincident with the hollow of the other
part, form a flattened and hollow spanner body part with fixed jaws, on the
rivetting together of the said halves or longitudinal sectional parts.
The said flat tubular-shaped hollow body part is open at its jaw end, and down
or within the hollow middle of which, the shank of the movable jaw slides
and works, whilst a lower end of the shank of the movable jaw or head is
wormed upon which a screw box or screw nut fitted within and working through
a piercing cut within the middle part of the spanner engages, so that by rotating
the said nut, which extends slightly beyond the outside walls of the sides as
aforesaid, the movable jaw is propelled and repelled, and the distance between the
jaws thereby adjusted.
Figure 50 represents a spanner made according to one form of this part of my
invention. The body or handle and fixed jaw parts are made up of two shells or
sides, with the hollows placed together, so as to form a hollow and flat body part.
Figure 51 represents an edge view of the same.
Figure 52 represents a vertical section upon the dotted lines - Figure 51, but
with the movable jaw and screwed shank in elevation.
Figure 53 represents a vertical section at right angles to the section of Figure 52
and upon the dotted lines A B of the said last-named figure.
Figure 54 represents the component parts of the spanner separately.
Figure 55 represents a cross section upon the dotted lines x-x Figure 52.
In Figures 50 to 55, a is the combined handle and fixed jaw, or the body part of
the spanner, which is composed of two halves or sectional shell parts a¹, a', and
hollow parts a, a, and solid boundary edges or walls a³, a', the latter constituting,
in each case, one half of the solid jaw. These hollow sectional parts are placed
with the hollows face to face and are then permanently affixed together by cross
pins or rivets a³, thereby forming a hollow spanner body part, within the interior
of which, the shank and screwed stalk 61, 6, surmounted by the movable jaw or
head b, slides, and with the said stalk part taking through a nut c, located within a
cross opening a, formed within the shell sides of the body part a.

page_text: By rotating the nut, the movable jaw and the parts carried by it are propene..
and repelled.
The shank, has its sides parallel, so likewise are the sides a², of the upper
part of the walls a³, so as to make the movable parts move evenly and without
rocking.
In a further form of this part of my invention in connection with folding spanners
having fixed heads, I take two sectional parts or sides, and connect the same
together by rivetting or otherwise, and pivot to the one en of the same, one, two-
three or more spanner arms, surmounted by heads having gaps or hexagonal middle.
piercings suitable for taking upon varying sized nuts.
These said spanner heads or parts are cut out from sheet metal and turn or pivot.
fan like upon a common axis near one end of the handle or holder, and which end
has a stop against which the said spanners take a bearing when straightened out.
I may also pierce the middle or an enlarged inner end of the handle with
hexagonal piercings for taking upon nuts.
The sides of the handle part of the fold-up compound spanner may be kept at.
even distances apart either by shouldered rivets or by distance pieces or hollow
sleeves wherethrough affixing rivets pass.
Figure 56 represents, in front elevation, such a folding spanner as last described..
Figure 57 shows an edge view of the same.
Figure 58 represents the said folding spanner, with the arms turned outwardly
alike unto a fan. In this view, the front plate of the hollow casing is shown.
removed.
Figure 59 represents a section of the spanner upon the dotted line z Figure 56.
a is an open sided casing or handle, formed with front and back leaves or
cheeks a', a', having hexagonal spanner piercings a, a, a, which said side cheeks,
which have short arm extensions a, are united together by shouldered rivets a, a,.
whilst the spanner arms, which are marked 1, 2, 3 and 4, and also a screw-driver 5,.
are respectively and severally jointed at their inner ends to a rivet or pivot 6..
The spanner arms, limbs or members may each have spanner gaps c, c', whilst the
whole of them are adapted to fold one upon the other and to be enclosed within the
cheeks or side leaves a', a.
By extending the sides a', beyond the pivot centre of the spanner arms, the said.
arms, when opened out, come against the cross pin a', thus forming a bearing or
rest for the said arms to come against when in use, in order to make the handle.
and a one of the arms rigid.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what [.
claim is :-
First. In cycle pedals, setting back portions, or opposite portions, of the end
plates rearward or inward of the ball bearing cups, so as to reduce the breadth of
the tread, without diminishing the distance between the bearings, substantially as
and for the purpose as described and set forth in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
Secondly. In the ends of cycle pedals, the combination with the end plates, of
ball bearing cups b, and covered centres c, and the parts fitted, arranged and
combined as set forth in Figures 1, 2 and 3, whether the said end plates be cranked
or set inwards or not.
Thirdly. In cycle pedals, securing the rubber treads to the pedals by face-to-face
clamping plates, cheeks or sides, substantially as described and set forth in-
Figures 1, 2, 3, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17.
Fourthly. In cycle pedals, securing the rubber treads to the pedals, and the end
plates to the sides and to each other, and the loose parts carried by, or confined
between the ends to each other, by side tie-plates or tie cheeks, substantially as
described and set forth in Figures 1, 2, 3, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17.
Fifthly. The improvements in the construction, arrangement and fitting of the
parts of cycle pedals, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 1 to 12.

page_text: Sixthly. In cycle pedals, combining in one pedal, both rat-trap and rubber
treads, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 13, 14, 15 and 16.
Seventhly. In cycle pedals, the improvements in the construction, arrangement.
combination and fitting of the parts, substantially as described and set forth in
Figures 13, 14, 15 and 16.
Eighthly. In dust-proof cycle pedals, locating sheath caps over the joints of the
ball bearing cups, between the outside ends of the cones and the insides of the lock
Duts, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 17, 18 and 19.
Ninthly. A brake-rod adjustment means, consisting of a loose and split band,
cap or terminal, screwed upon one part of its inside and left plain upon the other,
and adapted to take over the split end of a brake tube member or equivalent and
to receive the wormed end of a brake rod, and with the said split band or cap
having a drawing-to screw passing through it, substantially as and for the purpose
as described and set forth in Figures 20 to 26.
Tenthly. In brake-rod adjustment means, the general construction, arrangement
and combination of the parts, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 27
and 28.
Eleventhly. In the rivets of driving chain, leaving malleable or soft the ends or
parts of the said rivets by the process, in the way and for the purpose substantially
as described and set forth.
Twelfthly. In mud guards and other loose framings of cycles, making the same
attachable and detachable by clips or band clips, drawn home by screws or their
equivalents, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 33, 34 and 35.
Thirteenthly. In cycle chain adjustment means, providing the traversing bearing
plates of the spindles, with studs or equivalents upon their faces, which take into
longitudinal slots, sinkings or the like made within the branches of the bifurcated
ends of the back forks, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 36, 37,
38 and 39.
Fourteenthly. In the bifurcated ends of the back forks and the adjustable
spindle bearing plates of chain adjustment means, providing the one part with ribs,
snugs or feathers, which take into longitudinal channels in the other part, whereby
the branches of the said bifurcated ends are prevented from opening out, substantially
as described and set forth.
Fifteenthly. In hand inflators or air-pumps for pneumatic tyres, connecting or
locking the movable part to the handle or stationary part by the means and in the
ways substantially as described and set forth in Figures 40 to 43.
Sixteenthly. In power air-pump or pneumatic tyre inflators, employing in
connection with the barrel or casing a reciprocating and double-headed or double-
ended plunger or piston, which comes within the middle of the interior of the said
barrel, so as to form the respective ends thereof into independent air chambers,
and thereby make a double-acting pump, substantially as described and set forth in
Figures 44 to 49.
Seventeenthly. In power air-pumps or pneumatic tyre inflators, the combination
with a reciprocating and double-ended or double-headed plunger or piston, of inlet
and check valves, located at the ends of the said barrel, and leading into air spaces,
chambers or equivalents, outward or rear of them, substantially as described and
set forth in Figures 44 to 49.
Eighteenthly. In power air pumps or pneumatic tyre inflators, the combination
with a reciprocating and double-headed plunger working within the middle part of
the barrel, whose ends are fitted with combined check and inlet valves, of branched
delivery passages, preferably fitted with valves, substantially as described and set
forth in Figures 44, 45, 47, 48 and 49.
Nineteenthly. In power air pumps or pneumatic tyre inflators, operating the piston
by a row or rows of rack teeth, with which a rack pinion, rotated and moved by a
winch or like handle, engages, and through the medium of which the said piston
is worked, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 44, 45, 46, 46
and 49.

page_text: Twentiethly. In power air pumps or pneumatic tyre inflators, operating the
piston by or through the medium of a pinion or equivalent, engaging with a row of
rack teeth, and with the spindle end of the pinion taking into a continuous clearance
race or channel, outwardly following the said row of rack teeth, and with the said
pinion being carried by, or having its axis taking through, a cross-sliding bearing
block for transposing the said pinion from one side of the rack to the other,
substantially as described and set forth in Figures 44, 45, 46 and 49.
Twenty-firstly. In power air-pumps or pneumatic tyre inflators, the means as herein
described for working the piston reciprocally by a continuous rotatory movement
of the handle, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 44 to 49.
Twenty-secondly. In power air pumps or pneumatic tyre inflators, the general
construction, arrangement, combination and fitting of the parts, substantially as
herein described and set forth.
Twenty-thirdly. In the manufacture of spanners. making the handle and fixed
jaw, or the body, from two shell-like sides or sectional parts, united together by
rivetting or otherwise, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 50 to 55.
Twenty-fourthly. In folding spanners, jointing the inner or shank ends of a
number of spanner arms upon a common joint centre, and with the same enclosed
within a frame, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 56 to 59.
Twenty-fifthly. In folding spanners, extending the frame beyond the joint pin
to which the spanner arms are jointed, and with the said extension provided with a
cross pin or abutment which forms a bearing for the spanners to come against when
in use, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 56 to 59.
Dah: out - 1004
ROBERT FREDERICK HALL,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.