IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES OR APPARATUS FOR GLAZING OR FINISHING PAPER
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRESSES OR APPARATUS FOR GLAZING OR FINISHING PAPER." A communi-
cation from abroad by Wilhelm Ferdinand Heim, of Offenbach-on-the-Maine,
in the Empire of Germany, Engineer.
Sealed the 18th June 1878, and dated the 15th January 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1878.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES OR APPARATUS FOR GLAZING OR
FINISHING PAPER." A communication from abroad by Wilhelm Ferdinand Heim,
of Offenbach-on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany, Engineer.
This Invention relates to a double-action glazing press so constructed as to admit
of damp paper for printing being glazed with facility, and in a uniform and
efficient manner, and without the liability to waste which attends the ordinary
methods.
In carrying out this Invention in lieu of employing two polished plates of zinc,
as has previously been practised, it is proposed to pass the paper between two pairs
of rolls, which are so placed in relation to each other in one frame that the 4 rolls
are situate in a line one above the other.
The two middle rolls consist of paper rolls made in the usual way, but they are
not actuated by the contact of their paper circumferences, but by means of gearing,
so that a small space is left between the two.
In some cases two hard cast-iron rollers are placed in the middle, such rollers
being then provided with a flange at each end, which work by contact in such a
manner that the before-mentioned space exists in this case between the hard cast-
iron rollers. This arrangement is preferably adopted when the rolls are intended
for special purposes to be heated by steam.
The paper is first passed once between the upper pair of rolls consisting, for
example, of a hard cast-iron polished roller and a paper roll, and after returning

page_text: between the two paper rolls without being pressed, is taken between the lower pair
of rolls similar to the first. As the upper pair of rolls according to the 1st modifi-
cation are arranged with the polished iron roller at the top, and the lower pair are
arranged with the polished roller at the bottom, each side of the paper is acted
on once by the polished rolls, and by these means a thoroughly uniform glaze is
obtained.
A similar result is obtained by the employment of the second modification, as the
paper in this case likewise is passed between the two middle rolls without being
pressed, and is also acted on once on each side by the polished rolls.
An important feature of this Invention consists of an arrangement for conducting
the damp printing paper (which is frequently of a very soft texture, and, by reason
of the substances mixed with it, of a spongy tendency when wet) through the rolls
without creasing it, and of an arrangement for detaching the paper when adhering
to the rolls without tearing it.
The paper is guided by an endless tape carried over, say, 3 small rollers, and
pressed against a portion of the circumference in the middle of each roll, being kept
in a state of tension by means of a weight carried on one arm of a bell-crank lever,
the other arm of which carries one of the small rollers herein-before referred to.
As the slightest lateral motion in guiding the paper through the rolls would produce
a crease, only one tape guide is provided in the middle of each roll, and on the
other hand, in order to obviate stretching of the paper curved guides are provided,
usually 5 to each roll. These guides are composed of strips of metal bent to a
curve corresponding to the surface of the rolls, and arranged so that their upper
extremities, where the paper enters between them and the rolls, are at a greater
distance from the surface of the rolls than the lower extremities, which serve to
guide the paper straight between the rolls. The guides are carried on an axis
placed parallel to the axis of the roll, and admit of being adjusted with precision
so as to act in a uniform manner.
Another important feature of the Invention consists in an arrangement for
detaching the paper adhering to the rolls without tearing it, which operation is
attended with difficulty when working with wet printing paper. This is accom-
plished by means of a doctor of thin watch-spring steel, which is set at a very
acute angle to the surface of the roll, and secured to a metal holder.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
July 1878.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES OR APPARATUS FOR GLAZING OR
FINISHING PAPER." A communication from abroad by Wilhelm Ferdinand Heim,
of Offenbach-on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany, Engineer.
The said Invention relates to a double-action glazing press, which resembles the
calendar presses employed by paper manufacturers, but with this important
difference, videlicet, that it is so constructed as to admit of damp paper for printing
being glazed with facility and in a uniform and efficient manner, and without the
liability to waste which attends the ordinary methods.
Printed paper may also be glazed in this machine by slightly modifying its
construction.
In carrying out the said Invention, in lieu of employing two polished plates of
zinc, as has been previously practised, the paper is passed between two pairs of
rolls or cylinders, which are so placed in relation to each other in one frame that
the four rolls or cylinders are situate in a line one above the other. This arrange-
ment of the rolls or cylinders admits of two modifications.
According to one arrangement the two middle cylinders are paper cylinders made
in the usual way, but they are not actuated by the contact of their paper circum-
ferences, but by means of gearing, so that a small space, say, about three-eighths
inch, is left between the two.
According to the other arrangement two hard cast-iron cylinders are placed in
the middle, such cylinders being then provided with a flange at each end, which
work by contact in such a manner that the before-mentioned space exists in this
case between the two hard cast-iron cylinders. This arrangement is preferably
adopted when the glazing cylinders are for special purposes intended to be treated
by steam.
According to the first modification the paper is first passed once between the
upper pair of cylinders, consisting of a hard cast-iron polished cylinder and a paper
cylinder, and after returning between the two paper cylinders without being pressed,
is taken between the lower pair of cylinders similar to the first. As the upper pair
of cylinders according to this modification is arranged with the polished iron
cylinder at the top, and the lower pair is arranged with the polished cylinder at the
bottom, each side of the paper is acted on once by the polished cylinders, and by
these means a thoroughly uniform glaze is obtained.
A similar result is obtained by the employment of the second modification, as the
paper in this case likewise is passed between the two middle cylinders without being
pressed, and is also acted on once on each side by the polished cylinders.
An important feature of the said Invention consists of an arrangement for con-
ducting the damp printing paper (which is frequently of a very soft texture, and,
by reason of the substances mixed with it, of a spongy tendency when wet)"
through the cylinders without creasing it, and of an arrangement for detaching the
paper when adhering to the cylinders without tearing it.
An arrangement is also employed for removing any foreign substances adhering
to the cylinders. The substances entering into the composition of the paper are
partially loosened in consequence of the wetting of the paper, and adhere to the
polished or glazing cylinder, covering it with a thin crust, which ultimately prevents
it from imparting the required glaze. In order to remove these adhering sub-
stances a scraper is provided, which scrapes off the dirt from the surface of the
cylinder, a reciprocating lateral motion being imparted to such scraper by means of
suitable mechanical arrangements.
As a further provision for a like purpose to that of the scraper, each polished

page_text: cylinder rotates in contact with bars covered with felt, which serve to prevent any
accumulation of dust upon the surface of the said cylinders.
When glazing printed paper printers' colors adhere to the cylinders. These
printers' colors if they slightly tinge the cylinders at the commencement will cause
them to gradually become fouled. In order to prevent this the machines for
glazing printed paper are provided with cleaning rollers of paper, which are placed
in contact with the polished cylinders, and rotate at a different velocity to the
latter.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a transverse section of a
glazing press, in which the two polished metal cylinders are situate in the middle.
Figure 2 is a corresponding elevation of the press viewed from behind.
Figure 3 represents a transverse section of a press illustrating the second mode
of arranging the cylinders, in which the two paper cylinders are situate in the
middle with the two polished cylinders above and below them.
Figure 4 illustrates the heating apparatus as employed when the two polished
cylinders are arranged in the middle.
Figure 5 is a transverse section, and Figure 6 is a corresponding end elevation
showing the arrangement of the paper-cleaning cylinders as employed when the
press is applied to the glazing of printed paper.
The upper and lower polished cylinders in each arrangement are marked
respectively A and D, whilst the upper and lower paper cylinders are marked
respectively B and C. The two middle cylinders, whether consisting of polished
cylinders, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 5, and 6, or of paper cylinders, as shewn in
Figure 3, do not rotate in contact, but are driven by gearing on the ends of their
journals. In the case of the polished cylinders this gearing consists simply of
annular projections or flanges. In the case of the paper rolls it consists of the
driving wheels of the same, and in both cases is so arranged as to leave a space of,
say, about three-eighths of an inch, for the passage of the sheet of paper.
The paper is guided by an endless tape carried over three small tension rollers
e, f, g, Figures 1, 2, and 3, and pressed against a portion of the circumference in the
middle of each cylinder, being kept in a state of tension by means of a weight
carried on an arm h of a bell-crank lever, the other arm h of which carries the
roller f. As the slightest lateral motion in guiding the paper through the rolls
would produce a crease, only one tape guide is provided in the middle of each roll;
and, on the other hand, in order to obviate stretching of the paper curved guides are
provided, usually 5 to each roll. These guides are composed of strips of metal
bent to a curve corresponding to the surface of the rolls, and arranged so that their
upper extremities, where the paper enters between them and the rolls, are at a
greater distance from the surface of the rolls than the lower extremities, which serve
to guide the paper straight between the rolls. The guides are carried on axes
m, m³, m², m³, placed parallel to the axes of the roll, and admitting of being
adjusted with precision to enable the guides to act in a uniform manner. The
axes m, m¹, m² also carry arms z, to which the tension rollers e and
referred to, are attached.
herein-before
The mechanism for detaching the paper adhering to the rolls without tearing it;
which operation is attended with difficulty when working with wet printing paper,
consists of blades or doctors of thin watch-spring steel carried by metal holders
n, n, Figures 1 and 3, and set at a very acute angle to the surface of the roll. The
holders n, n, are screwed on to plates o carried on a bar placed parallel with the
axes of the rollers.
The arrangement for removing the crusts from the surfaces of the polished
cylinders is represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3. This apparatus consists of steel
blades v of the same length as the surface of the cylinder screwed on to a bar w,

page_text: and arranged nearly tangentially to the surface of the cylinder. These blades
receive a slow reciprocating motion in the direction of their length by means of a
worm wheel x (Figure 2) carried on the axis of the corresponding cylinder. This
motion may be obtained by any other suitable means. Underneath these blades
there are provided cleaning bars 8, consisting of stationary pieces of wood covered
with felt, which serve to wipe off all particles of dust adhering to the surface of
the cylinder.
E
The arrangement for cleaning the cylinders of machines employed for glazing
printed paper is represented in Figures 5 and 6. It consists of four small cylinders
K, K, L, L', of paper or other suitable material rotating in contact with and
parallel to each of the four main cylinders of the press, so as to remove any color or
dirt from the surfaces of the same. The small cylinders are driven by means of
two sets of toothed gearing, one of which serves to impart motion to the two
cleaning cylinders K, K¹, on one side of the press, and the other imparts motion to
the two cleaning cylinders L, L', on the other side. Each set of gearing is actuated
by wheels E fixed on the axis of one of the middle cylinders, driving trains of
intermediate wheels F, G, H, which impart motion to wheels I on the ends of the
axes of the cleaning cylinders K, L. The latter thus receive a positive rotary
motion at a different speed to the cylinder by which they are driven, and with the
circumference of which they are in contact. The axes of these cleaning cylinders
also carry pulleys M, transmitting a similar motion by means of belts N to corre-
sponding pulleys M¹ on the axes of the cleaning cylinders K¹, L¹, on the same side,
as shewn in Figures 5 and 6.
This
This machine glazes printing paper on both sides without any waste, which in
other machines amounts to as much as five per cent. and more, as the slightest
irregularity in the passage of the paper through the rolls causes creases.
defect is avoided in this apparatus by the employment of only one tape in the
middle of each roll, and by conducting the paper freely over curved guides to each
pair of cylinders; unequal tension is thus completely avoided.
For glazing printed paper it is preferable to employ the machine provided with
cleaning cylinders, which in all other respects is constructed similarly to the one
represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
First. Guiding the paper by means of one tape in the middle of each cylinder in
combination with curved guides placed at a short distance from the cylinders, sub-
stantially as herein-before described.
Second. The general arrangements and combinations of parts, substantially as
herein-before described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this my Specifi-
cation set my hand and seal, the Fifth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-eight.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (LS)