IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR, THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING DESIGNS OR FIGURES ON OR IN WOOD IN IMITATION OF CARVED WORK, BY THE COMBINED ACTION OF HEAT AND PRESSURE
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Augusto Guattari, of Paddington in the County of
Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS TO BE
EMPLOYED FOR, THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING DESIGNS OR FIGURES ON OR IN
WOOD IN IMITATION OF CARVED WORK, BY THE COMBINED ACTION OF HEAT
AND PRESSURE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augusto Guattari at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st February 1883.
Augusto GuatTARI of Paddington in the County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS-
IN AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR, THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING
DESIGNS OR FIGURES ON OR IN WOOD IN IMITATION OF CARVED WORK, BY THE
COMBINED ACTION OF HEAT AND PRESSURE."
My Invention relates to further improvements in the apparatus used in the
process of producing imitation carving on wood by the combined action of great.
heat and pressure applied by means of red hot moulds in a hydraulic press, for
which. Letters Patent were granted to me dated December 31st 1880 N° 5516.
The aim of my present Invention is to improve the construction and practical,
working of the whole system of apparatus used in combination for the purposes of
the said process, comprising the furnace, the moulds, the mould carriages and the
press, the object of the improvements being to economise fuel, avoid waste of heat,
heat the moulds in a methodical manner, reduce labor accelerate the work and
ensure a more uniformly perfect and finished product than has hitherto been
possible.
The furnace like that described in my previous Patent is of the reverberatory.
type but it differs essentially from the previous one in its construction and
working. It is built of brickwork lined internally with firebrick and is suitably.
tied together with bolts passing right through. It has furnace doors, fronts and
ashpits at one end. Beyond the bridge is a heating chamber the hearth of which.
is the bed whereon are placed in succession the moulds to be heated. The heating
chamber is of a width exceeding the length of the longest mould to be heated and
of a length sufficient to contain a sufficient number of moulds at a time according.

page_text: to the requirements of the work, and to ensure the utilization of as much of the
heat of the furnace as possible the chamber communicating at its upper or rear
end with the chimney by means of suitable flues provided with dampers to regulate
the draft. The hearth or bed of this chamber is an inclined plane placed at such an
angle that the moulds placed thereon slide freely down towards the furnace bridge.
It is constructed of cast iron longitudinal girders supported on cross bearers tho
interval between the girders being. filled in with firebrick, the upper edges of the
girders being planed smooth and projecting above the brickwork to form ways for
the moulds. In order to prevent the girders, being bent or distorted by the great
heat they are divided into lengths with spaces allowed for expansion, the upper
edge of each girder which is the part most exposed to heat is again subdivided and
beneath the floor of brick work the flanges of the girders form air passages between
each pair of girders through which the air supplying the furnace can be drawn, so
as to cool those parts of the girders exposed to the heat of the furnace and
supporting the load. The said passages open out at the rear end of the furnace
and communicate with the ashpit at their front ends and provided with suitable
dampers.
The weight of the moulds rests on the side girders and the central girder rises
above the level of the others and fits in a central cross groove made in the back
of the mould and ensures the mould travelling down squarely and prevents its ends
coming in contact with the side walls of the heating chamber. It should here be
explained that the moulds are placed-with-their-length transversely of the hearth
down which they slide sideways one after the other their parallelism being always
maintained by the central guide above mentioned. The furnace is provided at
the rear end with apparatus for feeding the moulds towards the fire, (the inclination
of the hearth being such that they slide freely but not quite automatically) this
apparatus consisting of a pair of push rods passing through guides in the end wall
and furnished with racks geared at the outside with pinions on a cross shaft
provided with a handle wheel whereby the moulds may be pushed gently down
the hearth as required. The furnace is provided with openings say three on each
side these openings being only just large enough for the passage of the largest
mould end wise. Each opening is closed by a fire brick plug and two only are
used in general work one at the high or back end at which the moulds are
introduced and one at the lower end at the opposite side to the first, at which the
hot moulds are withdrawn successively as required. The plug of this latter
opening has a sight hole at which the workman can watch the heating of the first
or lowermost mould and regulate the working of the furnace accordingly.
The principle objects aimed at in constructing this furnace were the efficient
and regular heating of the moulds without burning them as well as economy of
fuel, these objects being attained by placing the moulds in regular order of
succession and making the flames and heated products of combustion issuing from
the fire, to impinge upon the first mould and afterwards pass along, over, and
around the others, the flames and products giving up their heat gradually, and
finally escaping at a low temperature. Owing to the great length of the heating
chamber in comparison to the breadth, the products of combustion are diffused
through the whole width so that the moulds are heated uniformly throughout
their length. The system of progressive and regular movement of the moulds
from a region of moderate temperature to that of the maximum heat ensures the
moulds being heated gradually through their mass and prevents the possibility of
fine projecting portions of the design being burned away or fused whilst the mass
of the mould is comparatively cold. The inclination of the hearth and the rack
feeding apparatus enables the moulds to be slid freely towards the furnace and
avoids the use of large doors which would require to be continually opened to rake
the moulds towards the fire..
The carriages on which the hot moulds are transported from the furnace to the
press and returned after use, are of special construction, such that the table of the
carriage may either be inclined to an angle corresponding to that of the hearth, so

page_text: that the table may come flush with the bottom of the aperture in the furnace to
enable the mould to be readily slid out of the furnace onto the carriage (or vice
versa, as the case may be) or take a horizontal position flush with the follower of
the hydraulic press to enable the mould to be readily slid onto the follower from
the table or vice versa, the table being also capable of partial rotation which is
necessary in order to present the mould in the proper position towards the press
follower, and which motion has also the effect of changing the plane of the
carriage table from an inclined to a horizontal position, and inversely. In order
to obtain this double result, the table of the carriage receives a combined motion
produced by the following construction. The table is fixed on the upper end of a
sliaft mounted in a footstep and bearing in the frame of the carriage, the axis of
this shaft being in a position inclined both to the longitudinal and transverse
vertical planes of the carriage, its divergence from these two planes depending on
the degree of inclination desired for the table. The table is fixed upon its shaft
obliquely to its axis and not perpendicularly, the degree of obliquity relatively to
the length and breadth of the table corresponding to the divergence of the axis
from the two vertical planes (longitudinal and transverse) of the carriage. By
this means when in one position, (ie. when the table is parallel to the press
follower) the obliquity of the table to its axis compensates for the obliquity of the
axis relatively to the carriage, and the table consequently assumes a perfectly
horizontal position, and when in the other position (i.e. when turned quarter
round so as to present its end to the opening of the furnace) the obliquity of the
table (in the direction of its width) to its axis is added to the obliquity of the
axis relatively to the transverse plane of the carriage, so that the table will be
inclined side ways, whilst the obliquity of the table (in the direction of its length)
to its axis again compensates for the obliquity of the latter and the table remains
level in the direction of its length. There are at least two of these carriages
running on rails at the respective sides of the furnace and press, one for conveying
the hot moulds from the furnace to the press, and the other for returning them to
the furnace after use.
The moulds are of cast iron and are substantially similar to those described in
my aforesaid Patent except that instead of the vent holes opening out into longi-
tudinal and transverse grooves in the back, there are longitudinal grooves only
(except for a single central transverse guiding groove before referred to) and these
longitudinal grooves are deeper and larger than those described in my previous
Patent. Instead of the transverse grooves in the back of the mould, there are
transverse grooves in the surface of the follower of the press, the two series of
grooves, those in the back of the mould, and those in the press follower combining
(when the mould is in position on the follower) to allow the free escape of the gases
and flames generated by the sap of the wood under the intense heat of the mould.
By this construction, without weakening the mould, I obtain the minimum of
contact between the mould and the press follower, and the least abstraction of heat
from the former by the latter. The ribs of the press follower are planed to a
uniform level except the centre one which is higher than the remainder and engages
in the central cross groove in the back of the mould in order to guide the mould
in its passage from the carriage to the press, and in order to ensure the mould
being always placed exactly midway as regards its length above the press ram.
The latter instead of being hollow as usual, is solid and the follower is made heavier
than is required for strength in order to obtain the necessary weight to ensure a
rapid descent when the pressure is released.
.
An important improvement applied to the press consists of a new and original
device termed a set of grippers for the purpose of seizing the wood immediately it
is subjected to pressure and retain it immovably fixed in the same position against
the head of the press during the subsequent withdrawals and reapplications of the
mould. These grippers are so arranged that they are capable of adapting them-
selves to the position of the wood so as to allow for any error of judgment on the
part of the workman in placing the wood quite true on the mould.

page_text: .
The grippers consist of two pairs of wrought iron forked arms pivoted by the
ends of their forked branches and suspended freely in a cast iron box bolted to the
.press head. It is against the lower planed surface of this box that the timber
operated on is pressed by the mould. The lower ends of the arms pass freely
through slots in this lower face of the box, and project beneath the same at either
side of the timber, these ends being chisel pointed with claws to seize the wood.
These grippers face each other and are coupled in pairs by screw shafts provided
with hand wheels and each having right and left handed screws which work
through corresponding nuts pivoted between the forked branches of the arms, so
that by turning these shafts the grippers of each pair approach or recede from each
other. Being hung freely at their upper ends the grippers are free to swing
sufficiently to accomodate themselves to the position of the timber.
The valve for regulating the admission and escape of water in the press cylinder is
such as to enable an easy and almost instantaneous regulation by a single workman.
It enables the follower to be brought up at variable speeds and to be arrested and
lowered almost instantaneously. This facility is of immense advantage as it thus
becomes possible, owing to the compressibility of the timber operated on to
graduate in some sort the pressure applied during each application of the mould.
The valve is of the double piston equilibrium kind and it is controlled by a simple
hand lever.
The process of operating is as follows:-The moulds having been placed
successively in the furnace, and the first one being heated to a proper temperature,
it is withdrawn, received on the carriage, and transported to the press. Whilst it
is being slid therefrom onto the press follower, a jet of steam or compressed air is
directed into cavities of the mould to remove any particles of dust or cinder that
may have fallen into it in the furnace. As soon as the mould is in position in the
press, the timber to be operated on (which has previously been passed through a
moulding machine to remove superfluous wood) is placed upon the mould; the ram
is brought up quickly until the wood is compressed between the mould and the
press head. The screw shafts of the grippers are then quickly turned to close the
grippers on the wood and hold it. The mould is then lowered away again to allow
the smoke and gases to escape and again brought up quickly, and so on several
times according to the depth of the work to be executed.
Although the heat of one mould may suffice to finish one or more pieces, it is
not desirable in practice to commence and finish entirely a piece with the same
mould, because the accumulated charcoal in the cavities of the mould and on the
surface of the wood, prevents, by filling up portions of the design, that sharpness
which is obtainable by using a clean mould, and the most prominent parts of the
mould which are forced with great pressure into the wood, become cooled before
the rest of the mould, and consequently in ceasing to burn the wood, the great
pressure causes them to crush it. Moreover the vent holes in the mould which are
necessary for roughing out and burning away the wood, leave prominences upon
the surface which it would be necessary to reinove from the finished work. For
these and other reasons it is advantageous to put on one side the pieces roughed
out and all but finished by one mould after having washed and brushed them in
hot water, and to treat them subsequently by a finishing mould, cleauer and hotter
than the former one, this finishing mould not being provided with vent holes.
With this finishing mould, well heated and carefully cleaned by the air or steam
jet, I apply a single momentary but powerful pressure, only taking care not to
allow the mould to remain in contact with the wood for longer than a fraction of a
second. By this means I obtain a sharp clean and finished product, all the fine
details of the design being perfectly reproduced upon the wood which is only burnt
superficially by the momentary contact of the mould and requires no subsequent
hand work upon it

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Augusto Guattari in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st August 1883.
Augusto GuattaRI, of Paddington in the County of Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING
DESIGNS OR FIGURES ON OR IN WOOD IN IMITATION OF CARVED WORK BY THE
COMBINED ACTION OF HEAT AND PRESSURE
My Invention relates first to further improvements in the apparatus used in the
process of producing imitation carving on wood by the combined action of great
heat and pressure applied by means of red hot moulds in a hydraulic press, for
which Letters Patent were granted to me dated December 31st 1880, N° 5516.
The aim of my present Invention is to improve the construction and practical
working of the whole system of apparatus used in combination for the purposes of
the said process, comprising the furnace, the moulds, the mould carriages and the
press, the object of the improvements being to economise fuel, avoid waste of heat,
heat the moulds in a methodical manner, reduce labor, accelerate the work, and
ensure a more uniformly perfect and finished product than has hitherto been
possible.
In order that the improvements may be more readily understood, I will describe
them with reference to the annexed drawings in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal
section (partly in elevation) of the furnace. Figure 2 is a section of the same on a
plane parallel to its inclined hearth. Figure 3 is a cross section on line 1-1
Figure 1, and Figure 4 is a cross section of the heating chamber on line 2-2
Figure 1. Figure 5 is a side elevation of a mould carriage, its table being in the
inclined position. Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of the carriage (in the plane
of the table axis) the table being horizontal. Figure 7 is a cross section of same
also in the plane of the table axis. Figure 8 is a cross section, and Figure 9 a
side view of a mould. Figure 10 is a plan and face view of the follower of the
hydraulic press. Figure 11 is an elevation (partly in section) of the head of the
press, and Figure 12 is a cross section of same. Figures 13. 14 and 15 are
respectively a longitudinal section, plan, and cross section of the press valve.
The furnace (Figures 1. 2. 3. 4) is reverberatory but is of essential different
construction and working to that described in my previous Patent. It is built of
fire-brick suitably tied together with bolts and plated at the sides with cast iron
plates. The furnace A is at one end, B being the furnace front provided with
doors b. a are the fire bars. C is the furnace bridge, and D is a reverberatory
heating chamber having an inclined hearth E on which the moulds are placed in
succession. The heating chamber is of a width exceeding the length of the longest
mould to be heated, and of a length sufficient to contain a sufficient number of
moulds at a time according to the requirements of the work, and to ensure the
utilisation of as much of the heat of the furnace as possible. The hearth E is
inclined downwards towards the furnace A and the chamber D communicates at
the back end with the chimney by flues F. This hearth is constructed of cast
iron longitudinal girders E' supported on cross bearers E³. e are fire-bricks
between the girders E' whose upper edges project above the bricks and are planed
smooth to form rails for the moulds to rest on the inclination being such that the
moulds will slide down almost, but not quite, automatically. The girders are
made in short.lengths with spaces between to permit of expansion and their upper
edges which are most exposed to the heat are again subdivided. Beneath the
brickwork ethe spaces between the girders form air passages open at the rear

page_text: end and leading to the ash pit (where they are provided with dampers e³) so that
the air drawn in through these passages keeps the girders cool. The weight of the
moulds rests on the side girders, and the edge of the central girder is a little
higher than the others and fits in a central cross groove (m¹ Figure 9) in the back
of the mould to guide the mould and ensure the parallelism of its motion. The
moulds are placed transversely upon the hearth and are pushed sideways down it
by a pair of cast iron rack rods g. which pass through guides in the end wall BS
and are actuated by pinions on a shaft g' provided with a hand wheel.
•
HH HH H H are openings in the side walls B¹ B³ closed. by loose fire
brick plugs. Only two of the openings are generally used, one.
.H, at the upper
end at which the moulds are introduced, and the other He at the opposite side and
at the lower end at which the moulds are withdrawn successively. These openings
are inclined to correspond to the inclination of the hearth and they are of a size to
give passage to the moulds lengthwise. The plug of the opening He has a sight
hole at which the workman can watch the heating of the first or lower most mould
and regulate the working of the furnace accordingly.
The principal objects aimed at in constructing this furnace were the efficient
and regular heating of the moulds without burning them as well as economy of
fuel, these objects being attained by placing the moulds in regular order of
succession and making the flames and heated products of combustion issuing from
the fire, to impinge upon the first mould, and afterwards pass along, over, and
around the others;-the-flames and products giving up their heat gradually and
finally escaping at a low temperature: Owing-to-the great length of the heating
chamber in comparison to the breadth, the products of combustion are diffused
through the whole width so that the moulds are heated uniformly throughout their
length. The system of progressive and regular movement of the moulds from a
region of moderate temperature to that of the maximum heat, ensures the moulds
being heated gradually through their mass and prevents the possibility of fine
projecting portions of the design being burned away or fused whilst the mass of
the mould is comparatively cold. The inclination of the hearth and the rack
feeding apparatus enables the moulds to be slid freely towards the furnace and
avoids the use of large doors which would require to be continually opened to rake
the moulds towards the fire.
-
"
- The carriages (Figures 5. 6 and 7) on which the hot moulds are conveyed from
the furnace to the press and back again after use, have a table I capable of a
partial rotary motion for the purpose of turning the mould round so as to present
it in the proper direction to the press, the way in which the table is mounted being
such that by the act of rotating the table a quarter turn, the table is made to
assume either of two positions. In the one position (Figure 5) the table is inclined
in the direction of its width to an angle corresponding to the inclination of the
hearth E of the furnace, so that when the end of the table is presented to the
opening H¹ or Hit will correspond therewith so as to enable the mould to be slid
easily on or off the table. In the other position (Figures 6 and 7) the table is
perfectly horizontal and it then coines flush with the follower of the hydraulic
press (Figure 10) to enable the mould to be easily slid on and off the latter. This
combined rotary and oscillatory motion of the table is obtained by fixing the tablo
on the top of a spindle J mounted in bearings K, the axis jj of this spindle being
inclined at an angle both to the longitudinal vertical plane L L, and also to the
transverse vertical plane L'L' of the carriage as shown, the divergence of the
axis from these two planes depending on the inclination to be given to the table.
The table I is fixed obliquely on the spindle J, and at such an angle thereto that
when the table is in the position shown in Figures 6 and 7, the obliquity of the
table to its spindle compensates in every direction for the inclination of the
spindle J so that the table is perfectly. horizontal. When however the tablė
receives a quarter of a revolution, its obliquity relatively to spindle J supplements
the inclination of the said spindle relatively to the plane L' L' so that the table is
inclined in the direction of its width as shown, whilst still remaining. Horizontal-in

page_text: the direction of its length. i is a flange on the table to prevent the moulds slipping
off. Two such carriages are used running on railways at the opposite sides of the
furnace and press, one for conveying the hot moulds from the furnace to the press,
and the other for returning them to the furnace after use.
The moulds M (Figures 8 and 9) are of cast iron. Their internal configuration
is the counterpart of the design to be produced. According to the improvement
in the process hereafter described, the moulds used for commencing and finishing
the work are different in certain respects. The moulds used for commencing and
roughly executing the work have small vent holes 1 (about 3 or 4 millimetres
diameter) bored in them. These vents generally lead from the deepest cavities of
the mould into larger holes which open into longitudinal grooves m cast in the
back of the mould. These grooves are deeper and larger than those described in
my previous Patent and there is only one cross groove m' for the purpose herein
mentioned. Some of the holes nearest the sides may also open out at the sides of
the mould. Instead of a number of cross grooves in the back of mould, the press
follower N (Figure 10) has transverse grooves n. When the mould is on the
follower N, the two series of grooves m and n co-operate to afford a free escape for
the gases and flames generated by the sap of the wood under the intense heat of
the mould. There is thus a minimum contact of the mould with the follower, and
a minimum loss of heat by conduction. The ribs n¹ of the follower are planed to
a uniform level except the middle one n which is higher and engages in the central
cross groove ml of the mould to guide the latter into a truly central position 'on
the press follower. N' is the hydraulic cylinder containing the piston. The latter
instead of being hollow as usual is solid, and the follower is made heavier than is
required for strength in order to obtain the necessary weight to ensure a rapid
descent when the pressure is released.
Figures 11 and 12 show a set of grippers applied to the press head for the
purpose of seizing the wood immediately it is subjected to pressure and retaining
it immovably fixed in the same position against the head of the press during the
subsequent withdrawals and reapplications of the mould. These grippers are so
arranged that they are capable of adapting themselves to the position of the wood
so as to allow for any error of judgment on the part of the workman in placing
the wood quite true on the mould. The grippers consist of two pairs of wrought
iron forked arms P hung on pivots p' in a cast iron box O bolted to the press head.
It is against the lower planed surface of this box that the wood operated on is
pressed by the mould. The lower ends of the grippers project through slots o
inade in the box and are chisel pointed with claws to grip the wood Ⓡ between
them. The two grippers of each pair are coupled by right and left handed
screws working through nuts q pivoted between the forks p so that by turning
the hand wheels Q₁ the grippers approach or recede from the wood R. Being
pivoted at their upper ends the grippers can swing and adjust themselves to the
position of the wood as shown.
Figures 13. 14. and 15 show the valve for controlling the inlet and outlet of
water to and from the press cylinder N¹. It is designed to enable an easy and
instantaneous regulation by the hand of a single workman to enable the press
follower to be raised at variable speeds and to be instantly stopped and lowered.
It consists of an equilibrium valve formed of two pistons S S connected by a rod s
surrounded by a concentric sleeve u of same diameter as the pistons and having
internal passages v communicating with annular spaces v³ ³ to permit the passage
of water to the press when v' is opposite the supply pipe V which is connected to
the accumulator, and is opposite pipe W which is connected with the press
cylinder. X is the exhaust pipe with which pipe W communicates when piston S
Lis raised by means of lever T
The mode of working is as follows:-The first mould in the furnace being heated
to dull red it is drawn out onto the carriage and conveyed to the press. The
mould is then slid onto the press follower and a jet of steam or compressed air is
directed into the mould to remove any dust or ashes therefrom. The wood (whose

page_text: profile has been previously shaped by a machine with rotary cutters to remove
superfluous wood) is then placed on the mould: The press follower is then quickly
raised and as soon as the wood is compressed between the mould and the press
head O, the hand wheels Q' are turned and the grippers P made to seize and hold
the wood: The mould is then lowered away from the wood and again pressed
against the wood; this operation being repeated several times according to the
depth of the work to be done. The design having been thus roughly executed, the
wood is washed and brushed in hot water and put on one side to be submitted to
the finishing operation as next described. Several pieces may be thus roughed
out by one mould:
It is not desirable in practice to commence and finish entirely a piece with the
same mould because the accumulated charcoal in the cavities of the mould and on
the surface of the wood, prevents, by filling up portions of the design, that
sharpness which is obtainable by using a clean mould, and the most prominent
parts of the mould which are forced with great pressure into the wood, become
cooled before the rest of the mould, and consequently in ceasing to burn the wood
the great pressure causes them to crush it. Moreover the vent holes in the mould
which are necessary for roughing out and burning away the wood, leave pro-
minences upon the surface which it would be necessary to remove from the
finished work. An important improvement in the process therefore consists in
the employment for finishing the pieces, of a finishing mould of precisely the same
form, but which is not provided--with any vent holes and, which is made hotter
than the first mould and is carefully cleaned by a jet of air or steam before being
used in the press. As there is nothing peculiar in the construction of this mould,
I have not represented it in the drawings. With this finishing mould I apply
a single momentary but very powerful pressure, care being taken not to leave the
inould in contact with the wood more than a fraction of a second. The wood is
only superficially burned by this momentary contact and all the fine details of the
design are sharply reproduced on the wood. The wood should be dry, non-
resinous, straight grained, and free from knots. I generally use walnut or pear
tree wood.
A pressure of 45,000 kilogrammes exerted by the piston of the press is generally
sufficient for moulds having an area of 2000 square centimetres, or about 22 kilos
per square centimetre of wood operated on. The hotter, the mould and the greater
the pressure; the less should be the duration of contact, and the less will be the
penetration of the heat, that is to say, the more superficial will be the charring of
the wood. It is therefore advantageous to graduate the pressure the heat and the
duration of contact of the moulds by employing for successive pressures, pro-
gressively higher degrees of heat and pressure, and progressively shorter durations
of contact. By means of the press valve above described, the manipulation of the
press is rendered' so easy and quick that it becomes possible (owing to the com-
pressibility of the wood) to graduate in some sort the pressure exerted during each
application of the mould.
Having described the nature of my Invention and the manner of performing the
same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention to be protected by the
herein before in part recited Letters Patent is.
1st The general construction and arrangement of the furnace with inclined
bearth for heating the moulds as herein described and shown in Figures 1. 2. 3. 4.
2nd In a furnace, the combination with a long reverboratory heating chamber,
and of a fire place, the heating chamber having a hearth inclined downwards
towards the fire and communicating at one end therewith, and at the other end
with the chimney for effecting the heating of a number of moulds in a progressive
manner as herein specified.
:
3rd. The combination with the reverberatory heating chamber having an inclined
hearth of the rack rods arranged and operated as and for the purpose specified,

page_text: girders and intermediate air passages leading to the ash pit, as and for the purpose
specified.
5th The combination of the central guiding rib rising above the plane of the
hearth and of a cross groove in the backs of the moulds, as described.
•
6th The construction of the carriage with table fixed obliquely on a spindle so
inclined that in one position the table is horizontal, and in another assumes an
inclined position sideways whilst remaining horizontal lengthways as described and
shown in Figures 5. 6. and 7.
7th The employment in combination with a furnace and hydraulic press con-
structed as described, of carriages having a revolving table capable of assuming
positions corresponding to the inclination of the hearth and to the press follower as
described.
8th The combination with the press head of pendent grippers operated by screws
as and for the purpose described and shown in Figure 9.
9th The combined use of moulds having longitudinal grooves at back into which
vent holes open, and of a hydraulic press follower having transverse grooves, the
two sets of grooves co-operating for the same purpose as specified.
10th The combined use of moulds having a central cross groove at back and of a
hydraulic press follower having a central raised rib which engages with the groove
in the mould, as and for the purpose specified, and shown in Figures 9 and 10.
11th The improvement in the process of producing imitation carving on wood by
the pressure of heated moulds, which improvement consists in the combined and
successive application of the mould or moulds furnished with vent holes and
grooves for roughly executing the work, and of a mould or moulds not provided
with vent holes for finishing the work, the mode of working with these different
moulds being so regulated and graduated that the pressure and heat are pro-
gressively increased, whilst the duration is progressively decreased for successive
pressures as specified
In Witness whereof I the said Augusto Guattari have hereunto set my hand
and seal twentieth day of August, A.D. 1883.