Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Nov., 1887
Specification Accepted, 13th Jan., 1888
A communication from WILLIAM GOWEN, of Wausau, in the County of Marathon,
State of Wisconsin, United States of America, Millwright.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
M.I.M.E. do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The object of this invention is to produce with facility and accuracy the proper
tension in a saw. It consists essentially of an anvil, a hammer working therewith,
mechanism for operation the hammer, a support for holding the saw in the proper
position to be operated upon by said hammer, of mechanisin for moving the saw
support, and feeding the saw between the hammer and anvil, of mechanism for
regulating the force of the blows struck by the hammer, and of other features
hereinafter set forth.
In the accompanying drawings like letters designate the same parts in the several
figures. Fig. 1 is a plan view of the machine; Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the
same; Fig. 3 is an end clevation on an enlarged scale of the sliding frame supporting
the hammer and its connections and of the ways in which it works; Fig. 4 is a side
elevation of a portion of the same and of the screw by which said sliding frame is
adjusted; Fig. 5 is a vertical, medial section of the circular saw supporting carriage
and its connections; Fig. 6 is a cross section, taken on the lino y y, Fig. 2, showing
one of the machine frame supports in detail; Fig. 7 is a cross section on a greatly
enlarged scale, taken on the line xx, Figs. 1 and 2, showing the hammer supporting
frame and driving mechanism in side elevation; Figs. 8 and 9 represent a plan view
and side elevation of a modified form of the machine for hammering band saws;
Fig. 10 is a detail view of the crank disk employed to feed the saw between the
hammer and anvil; Figs. 11 and 12 represent respectively a side elevation and plan
view of another modified machine designed to hammer circular saws, and Fig. 13 is
a detail view of the reversible pawl and ratchet wheel employed to move the circular
saw between the hammer and anvil.
The hand method of hammering saws, as heretofore practiced, is not only laborious,

page_text: requiring skill and experience, but by it the work is, at best, imperfectly done, it
being impossible to strike a series of blows by hand with the precision and uniform
force, which are necessary to produce the best results. To obviate the foregoing
difficulties in hammering saws by hand is the purpose in the following described
machine.
Referring to the drawings (Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive), N N represent the frame work
which may be of any suitable form, material and construction to support the operative
parts of the machine. Upon this frame N are mounted the hammer carriago Min
transverse ways m m provided therefor, a cross piece N' supporting the adjustable
anvil B, the circular saw carriage O on longitudinal ways n' n¹ provided therefor, and
the yoke P adjustable lengthwise of said frame N in.ways p p secured thereto.
The hammer carriage M is formed with planed tongues m m engaging and
working with similar grooves in the ways m m. A screw R with a hand wheel R' is
swiveled next to said hand wheel in a fixed box r bolted to the ways m m, and works,
as shown in Fig. 4, with a nut m2 on the upper side of carriage M, which may be
adjusted thereby transversely to the frame N of the machine.
In a standard H rising from one end of the carriage M is fixed and supported the
shaft upon which is mounted the ratchet wheels g² g², and between said ratchet
wheels the hub of the vibrating hammer arm A. About the hubs of the hammer
arm A and the ratchet wheels g g² are placed spiral springs g¹ g', which are attached
at their inner ends to the opposite sides of said hammer arm, and at their outer ends
to said ratchet wheels. To the end of the hammer shaft g opposite the standard H is
keyed or otherwise fixed the casting H. To suitable ears formed therefor on the
standard H and casting H are pivoted dogs 2, which engage with the ratchet
wheels gg. Upon the hubs formed on the outer faces of the standard H and
casting H about the hammer shaft are journaled the levers G G to which are
pivoted the pawis g³ g engaging the ratchet wheels g² g². In a sleeve or car formed
on the free end of the arm A is secured by means of a nut a¹ the threaded shank of
the hammer a, which is preferably made of steel with a rounded face. The anvil B,
also preferably made of steel with a rounded working face, is supported upon the
cross piece N', and moved thereon with the adjustment of the carriage M and
hammer a, and retained in the proper position to receive centrally the blows of said
hammer, by means of the arın B¹, which is secured at one end to said carriage M and
at the other to an ear or flange b formed on said anvil, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 5.
In boxes h h, formed one upon the standard H and the other upon the casting H¹,
is journaled the driving shaft E, upon which is mounted the hammer actuating can e,
driving pulley E' and friction wheel E2. The shaft E is held in place endwiso in its
bearings by means of collars mounted thereon, and bearing against the inner ends of
the boxes hh, and is thereby caused to move with the haminer shaft in the adjustment
of the carriage M.
Upon one end of the shaft F, bearing in boxes ff secured to the frame N of the
machine, is mounted the friction wheel F¹, which has a beveled face working with
the similarly grooved face of the friction wheel E. The shaft E provided with a
feather or spline to prevent them from turning thereon, moves endwise freely through
the eyes of the pulleys E' and friction wheel E2, which are connected or formed
together and prevented from partaking of the endwise movement of said shaft by
the grooved face of said friction wheel 2 engaging the friction wheel F¹.
CC are pulleys or drums arranged at opposite ends of the machine to receive and
support a band saw in the proper position to be operated upon by the hammer. The
shaft c of the drum C nearest to the driving mechanism is journaled in boxes d
swiveled to, and depending from, slides d d which are adjustable lengthwise of
frame N in grooved ways provided therefor and secured to said frame. Upon the
end of shaft e in position to engage the friction wheel F2 on shaft F is secured the
larger friction wheel D. The slide d, adjacent to the friction wheel D, is connected
with the upright limb of the bell-crank lever D¹ fulcrumed to frame N, as seen
in Fig. 2, and a weight D' upon the horizontal limb of said lever retains the friction
.wheel D in engagement with said friction F³.
C

page_text: By reference to Figs. 2 and 7, it will be seen that the driving shaft E is placed
above the shaft F and the shaft F, in a position above the shaft c, and that the box f
in which the shaft F bears adjacent to the friction wheel F2, is hinged to the frame N,
as shown in Fig. 1. When the friction wheel D) is forced by lever D' against said
friction wheel F the latter is elevated, lifting the friction wheel F¹ into engagement
with the friction wheel E on the driving shaft E, from which notion is communicated
through said friction wheels to the pulley or drum C and the saw S thereby fed
between the hammer and anvil parallel with the frame N.
The slide d on the side of the machine opposite the lever D₁ is longitudinally
slotted and adjustably secured in place to frame N by means of the bolt passing
through the slot in said slide, as shown in Fig. 1.
The shaft of the pulley or drum C₁ bears in boxes secured to and depending
from the ends of the yoke P overhanging the frame N, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
By means of a screw p pivoted at the end in an ear p formed on the yoke P and
engaging with a nut formed on a cross bar P" secured to the frame N of the machine,
said yoke may be moved in its ways and the saw thereby sufficiently strained to be
fed by the rotation of the drum C, between the hammer and anvil. To facilitate
placing the saw on the drums CC the hammer shaft and the driving shaft E
are supported at one end only upon the carriage M by means of the standard H,
thereby leaving at their opposite ends a space or opening through which the upper
section of the saw may be inserted; and the supports N' N2, upon which the frame N
rests, are formed at one side of the machine with hinged sections n n, as shown in
Figs. 2 and 6, so as to be opened to receive the lower section of the saw."
To support a circular saw in the proper position to be operated upon by the
hammer a, the carriage 0 is provided with an upright journal o¹, upon which is
mounted the bevel gear o, as shown in Fig. 5. Upon the upper face of the hub of
the gear o the saw U is supported and secured by means of the collar o and a
retaining nut engaging a threaded pin o² projecting from the center of said hub.
Upon the shaft I, supported in suitable bearings provided therefor lengthwise of the
frame N is loosely mounted the bevel gear which works through an opening in
carriage O with the bevel gear o and is prevented from turning upon said shaft by
means of a spline or feather while it is moved by projections of upon the carriage Ŏ
lengthwise of said shaft and retained in engagement with the saw supporting gear o.
Upon the opposite end of the shaft I adjacent to the shaft F is fixed a bevel gear
working with a similar gear upon said shaft F by means of which the shaft I and
the gears i and o are driven.
To a projection o* on carriage O is adjustably attached a rack bar T supported at
the opposite end in a suitable guide bearing formed upon or attached to the frame of
the machine. Upon the adjacent end of shaft F is fixed the disk F having a single
tooth on its periphery which engages at each revolution with a tooth on the rack
bar T thereby moving the said carriage an interval lengthwise of the shaft I to each
revolution made by the gear o and the saw U supported thereon.
The machine operates as follows:
First When a band saw is to be hammered, the collar o³ and center pin of with
the nut thereou are removed, as seen in Fig. 1, or the entire saw supporting gear o
with its connections may be lifted from its journal o'. The rack bar T may be
removed or disconnected from the disk F. The saw S is then placed upon the drums
or pulleys C C in the manner previously described and the drum adjusted by
means of the screw p² to take up any slack in said saw, and to cause the drum C to
drive the same at the desired speed over the anvil B.
In hammering a band saw it is preferable to hammer once around the longitudinal
center thereof and then to hammer in parallel lines equidistant from the center
alternating from one side thereof to the other. For this purpose a chalk mark may
be made upon the saw to indicate the starting point, and the hammer and anvil B,
first set at the center of the saw, moved to either side by means of the screw R each
time the starting point indicated by the chalk mark returns to said anvil.
The machine being set in motion by means of suitable power applied thereto

page_text: through the driving pulley E', the cam e, rotated as indicated by arrows, Figs. 1
and 2, and working with an extension of the hammer arm A, alternately lifts and
releases the hammer a. The springs g¹ g', compressed or strained each time the
hammer is lifted by the cam e, act through the hammer arm A and by their expansion
cause the hammer, when it is released by said cam, to deal uniform blows of the
desired force upon the saw over the center of anvil B. The force of the blows struck
by the hammer may be regulated as desired by means of the levers G G and pawls g³ ³,
which work with the ratchet wheels gg2 and operate to strain the springs g'g'.
If the tension of the springs gl g¹ and the impetus imparted thereby to the hammer
be too great, the dogs ³ ³ may be thrown out of engagement with the ratchet
wheels and the latter turned back by the aid of said levers G G.
Through the friction wheels E2, F1, F2 and D), rotated as indicated by the arrows
in Figs. 1 and 2, the drum C and thereby the saw S is driven from the shaft E.
The operation is repeated, if necessary, as described, until the saw has been "opened
up" sufficiently at the center and the desired tension produced in the edges.
By swinging the lever D¹ outward or away from the shaft E the friction wheel F
is disengaged from the friction wheel E' and the shafts c and F thereby disconnected
from the driving shaft E.
:
Second For hammering a circular saw, the saw U is secured to the hub of the
gear o, as shown in Fig. 5, and the hammer and anvil are set in their middle position
in the longitudinal center of the machine. The carriage O is placed with reference
to the anvil B so as to cause the hammer to strike the saw at the desired distance
from the eye and the machine then set in motion. The saw is slowly rotated by the
gears i, o and shaft I, while the hammer strikes a circular series of uniform equidistant
blows thereon.
At the completion of each revolution the tooth f*, on disk F³, engaging with a
tooth of the rack T, moves the carriage 0 a certain interval away from the anvil and
the hammer deals in the manner described another series of blows concontric with
that previously made. The operation is thus continued towards the rim of the saw
until the desired tension is produced therein.
If the desired effect is not produced by the hammer in traversing the saw once, the
attachment of the carriage O to the rack T may be changed so as to cause the hammer
to strike between the circular lines of blows previously made, and the operation
repeated as before till the desired tension is attained in the rim of the saw.
To straighten a saw that has been bent, the carriage O may be disconnected from
the feeding mechanism and the saw, supported thereon, moved as desired by hand.
Devices different from those shown may be employed for supporting either a band
or circular saw and arranged to be moved by the operator without the automatic
mechanism described. In short, various modifications may be made in the construction
and arrangement of the several parts of this machino without departure from the
principle of its operation or the spirit of the invention.
Referring to Figs. 8 to 10 inclusive, illustrating a modification of this improved
machine for hammering band saws, the shaft a³ upon which is fixed the haminer
arm A is supported in suitable bearings formed therefor in an overhanging bracket H
bolted to frame N. In a sleeve formed therefor at one end of the hammer arm A
is secured by means of a nut the reduced and threaded shank of the hammer a.
On the opposite side of the shaft as the hammer arm A is formed with an extension a².
In boxes d³ ³ on the bracket H' is mounted the shaft D³ provided with the crank
wheel J, driving pulley D₁ and the cam d arranged to work with the extension a² of
the hammer arm. By means of collars fixed thereon and bearing against the inner
ends of the boxes d³ d³, the shaft D³ is retained in place in its bearings. G¹ is a
C-shaped spring connected at one end by means of a link g with an ear on the hub
of the hammer arm A and secured at the other end to a slido G adjustable trans-
versely to the bracket H' and parallel with the hammer arm in grooved ways formed
therefor in said bracket H². By means of the adjusting screw g secured in the
slide G' and passing through a perforated ear h³ on bracket H' and the nut of the

page_text: tension of the spring G³and the force of the stroke of the hammer a may be regulated
as desired.
Care drums or pulleys loosely mounted upon feathered shafts c³ ³ which are
supported at each end of the machine, one in a fixed yoke P* secured to frame N and
the other in the yoke P adjustable parallel with the saw on ways formed upon or
secured to said frame N. By means of a screw p³ pivoted at its end in the ear pl
formed on yoko P and working with a nut on the cross piece P' secured to the frame
the pulley mounted in said yoke P³ may be adjusted and the saw strained so as to
be acted upon by the pulley Cat the opposite end of the machine and thereby fed
over anvil B in position to be operated upon by the hammer a. Upon the screw
shafts, journaled in the yokes P P are mounted with their upper faces bearing
against the cross sections of said yokes shifting blocks K K embracing the rims of
pulleys CC, as seen in Fig. 8.
Upon the ends of the screw shafts kk at one side of the machine are fixed the
sprocket wheels 1'I' which are provided with cranks for turning the wheels by
hand and connected by a chain belt I. The anvil B is supported upon and secured
to the cross girt N' of frame N in position to receive centrally the blows of hammer a.
Upon the end of the pulley shaft mounted in yoke P² adjacent to the crank wheel J
is fixed the ratchet wheel L in position to be operated by the pawl 7 pivoted upon the
crank pinj, which is adjustably secured in an undercut groove formed therefor in the
face of said crank wheel J, as shown in Figs. 8 and 10.
The pulley CC may, if desired, be elevated so as to carry the lower section of the
saw between the anvil and hammer and the frame work of the machine variously
modified to suit the varying circumstances and conditions under which the machine
may be used.
For example, the hammer and its connections may be permanently mounted upon an.
upright post or standard and the pulleys C2 C3 supported in brackets from the floor of
the mill where the machine is to be used. The support of one of the pulleys may be
hinged to the floor and the saw strained by a weight attached to said support or by
other suitable devices.
In the operation of the modified form of the machine just described the saw is fed
between the hammer and anvil by regular intervals, which may be varied by moving
the crank pinj towards or from the center of the crank wheel J. Instead of moving
the hammer and anvil to cause the hammer to strike the saw at different distances
from its edges the saw supporting pulleys are adjusted laterally by means of the
yokes K K and screws kk, and crank handles,
Referring to Figs. 11 to 13 inclusive, illustrating a still further modification of
this machine designed to hammer circular saws, N³ is the frame which may be made of
any suitable material, form and construction to support and furnish bearings for the
various essential parts of the machine. Upon one end of the frame is supported an
inverted L-shaped arm H³ formed at its overhanging end with a vertical sleeve in
which the shank of the hammer A' is arranged to reciprocate.
In bearings provided therefor on said armi H³ is supported the horizontal shaft c³
provided at the end adjacent to said hammer A' with a came which works with a
projection con said hammer. Upon the opposite end of the shaft c is fixed tho
crank wheel E³ and adjacent to it the driving pulley E and pinion e¹. A spring g
composed of the required number of leaves to give it the desired stiffness hears at
one end upon the upper end of the shank of hammer A' and is secured or rests at its
opposite end in a recess formed therefor in the arm H³. At an intermediate point.
the spring G passes through the clovis g' which is adjustably secured to the arm H
by a bolt passing through a vertical opening in said arm and a nut f, as seen in
Fig. 11. Upon a cross girt N of the frame N is supported the anvil B in position
to receive the blows of hammer A¹ centrally. Upon a shaft 13 supported in bearings
in frame N' below the anvil B and parallel with the cam shaft c is loosely mounted a
bevel gear which works through an opening in the saw supporting carriage 01
with a similar gear o mounted upon an upright journal provided therefor on the upper
side of said carriage.

page_text: The carriage O¹ is supported and arranged to be moved towards or from the anvil B
upon ways n n³ formed upon or secured to the side rails of frame N³ parallel there-
with and with said shaft 1. The gear h³ is prevented from turning upon the shaft 1*
by a spline or feather while it is moved lengthwise of said shaft and retained in
engagement with the gear o by projections oo on the under side of the carriage O¹.
The hub of the gear o is provided with a threaded center pin or projection upon
which the saw is secured by means of a collar o³ and nut o³, as seen in Fig. 11.
Upon a crank pin e², which is adjustably secured in a diametric undercut groove in
crank wheel ea, is journaled the reversible pawl d5 working with the reversible ratchet
wheel D on the adjacent end of the shaft I³.
When desired a continuous rotation of shaft I³ and the saw supported upon gear o
may be produced by raising the gear I on said shaft into engagement with the
pinion e, as shown in Fig. 11, in which event the pawl d' is
engagement with the ratchet wheel D.
thrown out of
For the purpose of throwing the pinion el and gear I into and out of engagement
the shaft I adjacant to gear I may be supported in a vertically adjustable box (not
shown). Upon the hub of the gear o is formed a tooth or spur arranged to work
with the rack L¹ adjustably secured to the cross girt N parallel with the ways n n².
By this mechanism the saw is moved at the end of each revolution thereof an interval
towards or from the anvil B while the gears 3 o impart an intermitting angular
movement thereto. The direction of the rotation of the saw and the movement of
the saw supporting carriage O' may be changed at will by simply reversing the pawl d³
on the crank wheel E³.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :—
1. The combination in a saw-hammering machine with a hammer.and anvil, of a
saw-supporting device and mechanism arranged to adjust the saw laterally upon the
anvil, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. In a saw hammering machine the combination with a hammer and anvil, of
mechanism arranged to operate said hammer, an adjustable spring arranged to impart
an impetus to and to regulate the force of the blows of said hammer, a saw supporting
device arranged to hold the saw in position to be operated upon by said hammer,
mechanism for moving the saw between said hammer and anvil and mechanism
arranged to change the relative positions of the saw and anvil whereby the hammer
is caused to deal a succession of blows upon said saw in parallel lines, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
3. In a saw-hammering machine the combination with a hammer and anvil of a
vibrating hammer arm, a shaft supporting said hammer arm, a spring connecting
said hammer with a ratchet wheel and a lever and pawl arranged to turn said ratchet
wheel and strain said spring, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
4. The combination in a saw-hammering machine of the hammer and anvil, the
driving shaft provided with a pulley E' and a wheel E2 working below its center with
a wheel F on the shaft F, shaft F bearing adjacent thereto in a movable box and
carrying another wheel F2 which works below its center with the wheel on the drum
shaft c bearing adjacent thereto in a movable box and a lever arranged to move said
wheels into and out of engagement, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
5. The combination in a saw hammering machine of a hammer and anvil adjustable
transversely to the saw, mechanism for operating the hammer and drums arranged to
support the band saw between said hammer and anvil, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
6. The combination in a saw-hammering machine with supporting drums, of a
slide adjustable transversely to the saw, a hammer and anvil carried by said slide and
mechanism arranged to feed the saw between said hammer and anvil, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
7. The combination in a saw hammering machine of a laterally adjustable hammer

page_text: and anvil, mechanism arranged to operate said hammer, drums arranged to support
a band saw between said hammer and anvil and a screw arranged to move said
hammer and anvil together transversely to the saw, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
8. The combination in a saw-hammering machino with a hammer and anvil, of a
frame, drums mounted thereon and arranged to support a hand saw in position to be
operated upon by said hammer and supports for said frame having a hinged or
removable section to facilitate placing said saw upon said drums, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
9. The combination in a saw-hammering machine of a supporting frame, a carriage
movable transversely upon said frame, a hammer mounted upon said carriage, an anvil
connected and movable therewith, mechanism for operating the hammer and drums
arranged to support a band saw in proper position to be operated upon by said
hammer, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
10. The combination in a saw-hammering machine of a band saw supporting
drums, a carriage movable transversely to the saw, a hammer and its actuating cam
mounted upon said carriage, an anvil connected and movable therewith and suitable
gearing connecting the cam shaft with one of said drums, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
11. In a saw-hammering machine the combination with the hammer and anvil of a
saw support movable towards and from said anvil, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
12. In a saw-hammering machine the combination with a hammer and anvil of a
saw supporting carriage and mandrel movable towards and from said anvil and
mechanism arranged to impart a rotary movement to said saw, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
13. In a saw hammering machine the combination with the hammer and anvil, of
a saw supporting carriage movable towards and from said anvil, mechanism arranged
to impart a rotary movement to said saw and an offsetting device arranged to move
said carriage at intervals towards or from the anvil, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
14. The combination in a saw-hammering machine of the hammer and anvil, a
circular saw supporting gear journaled upon a carriage movable towards or from the
anvil, a feathered shaft placed parallel with the ways upon which said carriage
travels and connected by suitable gearing with the driving mechanism and a gear
mounted upon said feathered shaft and arranged to be moved with said carriage in
engagement with the saw supporting gear mounted thereon, substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
15. The combination in a saw-hammering machine of the hammer and anvil, a
circular saw supporting carriage movable towards and from said anvil, a rack
adjustably connected with said carriage and a spur working with said rack and
arranged to impart an intermitting movement to said carriage, substantially as and
for the purposes sot forth.
16. The combination in a saw-hammering machine of the hammer and anvil, a
circular saw supporting carriage and mandrel movable towards and from said anvil, a
rack attached to said carriage and a rotary shaft provided with a spur working with
said rack and arranged to impart an intermitting movement to said carriage,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 8th day of Navamhar
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents.