IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF QUARRIES AND OTHER PANES OF GLASS FOR WINDOWS
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ARTHUR'
POWELL and NATHANAEL POWELL, of Whitefriars Glass Works, in the City of
London, Glass Manufacturers, send greeting:
'
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Thirtieth day of July, in the eighth year of Her reign, did,.
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Arthur Powell and Nathanael Powell, our exors, adññors, and assigns, or such
others as we; the said Arthur Powell and Nathanael Powell, our exors, adiñors,'
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed; our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF QUARRIES AND OTHER PANES OF GLASS FOR WINDOWS;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said Arthur'
Powell and Nathanael Powell, or one of us, shall cause a particular description
of the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six. calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear...
..;
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the aid
Arthur Powell and Nathanael Powell, do hereby declare that the nature of.
our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are.
.

page_text: runy described and ascertamed in and by the rorrowing statement thereor,
that is to say :-
In the manufacture of quarries and other panes of glass for windows it has
heretofore for the most part been usual to blow glass into globular or cylin-
drical forms, and then by well-known processes to flatten the same into sheets,
which have been cut into quarries and other panes for windows; and panes of
plate glass have also been used for windows. Now, the object of our Invention
is to manufacture quarries and other panes of glass by dies or moulds and
pressure, producing either plain surfaces, or impressing ornamental or other
designs in or on such quarries or panes of glass. And in order that our
Invention may be fully understood, and readily carried into effect, we will
proceed to describe the means pursued by us.
We make the quarries or panes of colored or uncolored glass, and we pro-
ceed as follows:-On a plain surface of iron, brass, or other moulds, we sink
such an ornamental design as we may desire to have impressed on or in a
quarry or plate proper for glazing windows; and we form the die or mould so
as to produce the shape of a quarry or plate we desire, so forming or sinking
the die or mould that the edges of the quarries may be made thin, in order
that they may be readily fixed in lead or other frames of windows; and we
will suppose that we desire that the quarries or panes of any desired shape
should each have a cross in the centre, and the remainder of the plate or
quarry plain. Whatever be the color of glass used, the cross produced would
offer a different effect to the eye when looked through it, according as the
cross was sunk or in relief in or on the pane or quarry, If the cross were
sunk, then the effect would be that the color of the cross would be lighter than
the ground; and, on the other hand, if the cross be in relief on a quarry or
pane, then the cross would be darker than the ground, and therefore in
making dies or moulds with any desired design sunk thereon, for forming a
particular shape of quarry or pane, care will be observed that the parts
which are to be dark are to be in relief or of the greatest substance, and those
which are to be light will be sunk in the pane or quarry; and it will be
evident that the effect of light through panes or quarries in a window will be
according to one or other of these extremes, or intermediate, or inclining to
one or other according to the parts of the design are more or less approaching
the thickest or thinnest parts of the design. By this means very beautiful
church and other windows may be made even in one color of glass, the quarries
or panes being produced from one or many designs, or many colors of glass
may be used in the same window. The moulding glass in dies or moulds, by
pressure in the making of many articles of glass, such as knife bearers, salt

page_text: cellars, and others, is well understood; and we mention this circumstance in
order to state, that although quarries and panes of glass for windows, according
to our Invention, are made by a similar process, we do not claim as new
the process of moulding of glass generally by pressure in dies or moulds, but
only the so making quarries or plates either with plain surfaces or with orna-
mental designs thereon or therein suitable for windows, as herein described.
Though we have spoken as if each mould or die is only to make one quarry or
plate at the same time, it will be evident that dies or moulds may be made for
making two or more at the same time; and in working the workman places a
quantity of glass ("metal") on to the mould or die, which is then slided
under the flat surface of a fly or other convenient press, and the glass pressed
into the mould, producing a plain surface on one side and an ornamental
surface on the other of the pane or quarry produced; and the quarries or
panes are then to be annealed, as is well understood, and the outer and
rough edges are then to be cut off, and the quarries or panes will then be
ready for use.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we would have it understood that what we
claim is, the manufacture of quarries or panes of glass with plain or orna-
mental surfaces for windows by means of dies and pressure, as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Powell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five
ARTHUR (L.S.) POWELL.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-ninth day of January,
in the year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid Arthur Powell came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Thirtieth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-five.