IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Joseph Sandron and Georges Treherne, both of
Rouen, in the French Republic, temporarily residing at the Grosvenor Hotel,
Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Joseph Sandron
and Georges Treherne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
14th August 1879.
AUGUSTE JOSEPH SANDRON and GEORGES TREHERNE, both of Rouen, in the
French Republic, temporarily residing at the Grosvenor Hotel, Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES."
According to this Invention the driving wheels of the locomotive are actuated
through ratchet wheels and pawls carried by levers worked from the engine proper
or motor by connecting rods operated by excentrics, and whose connection with the
levers carrying the pawls is effected by slides (étriers) or parts adjustable along the
said levers, so that the leverage may be increased or diminished at pleasure,
according to requirement. The pawl mechanism is made adjustable so that the
driving wheels of the locomotive may be caused to turn in either direction without
changing the direction of rotation of the engine proper or motor, or the pawl
mechanism at either side of the locomotive may be put out of gear to facilitate
travelling round curves, or the pawl mechanism may be put out of gear at both sides
so that the engine proper or motor may work without moving the locomotive
wheels. The excentrics are arranged with their longest radii at equal distances
apart around the shaft so as to ensure even working. Our improved method of
driving allows of the engine being suspended on very elastic springs.
The boiler is made adjustable in relation to the carrying wheels at one end, so
that it may be kept horizontal even when the locomotive is travelling on gradients.
For this purpose the spring carrying one end of the boiler is supported by a nut
wheel on a vertical screw; the vertical position of the nut wheel on the screw is
adjustable by bevil gear operated from the driving shaft of the engine proper or

page_text: motor, on which there is a sleeve with two bevil wheels arranged respectively to
drive in opposite directions a shaft or spindle whereby motion is transmitted to
the nut wheel. The sleeve turns with the engine shaft, but can be moved along it
by a forked lever or equivalent means, so that either of its bevil wheels may be
readily put in gear with the shaft or spindle for increasing or diminishing (as the
case may be) the distance of the nut wheel from the road so as to compensate for
the difference in level and keep the boiler horizontal, or practically so. An indicator
is provided to assist the driver in adjusting the position of the boiler to suit the
gradient.
The exhaust steam is expanded and condensed by passing into a chamber
surrounding the upper part of the chimney, thence descending in a divided state
within tubes arranged vertically around the chimney into a lower chamber, from
which it passes through other tubes exposed to the action of cold air, and finally
through tubes surrounded by water.
In order to increase the heating surface of the boiler we provide the fire box
with tubes open at their lower ends to the fire, and closed at their upper ends,
which extend upward in the water space at each side of the fire box.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Auguste Joseph Sandron and Georges Treherne in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 14th February 1880.
AUGUSTE JOSEPH SANDRON and GEORGES TREHERNE, both of Rouen, in the
French Republic, late temporarily residing at the Grosvenor Hotel, Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES."
According to this Invention the driving wheels of the locomotive are actuated
through ratchet wheels and pawls carried by levers worked from the engine proper
or motor by connecting rods operated by eccentrics, and whose connection with the
levers carrying the pawls is effected by slides (étriers) or parts adjustable along the
said levers, so that the leverage may be increased or diminished at pleasure according
to requirement. The driving wheels of the locomotive may be caused to turn in
either direction without changing the direction of rotation of the engine proper or
motor, or the pawl mechanism at either side of the locomotive may be put out of
gear to facilitate travelling round curves, or the pawl mechanism may be put out
gear at both sides so that the engine proper or motor may work without moving
the locomotive wheels. The eccentrics are arranged with their longest radii at:
equal distances apart around the shaft so as to ensure even working. Our improved.
method of driving allows of the engine being suspended on very elastic springs.
of
The boiler is made adjustable in relation to the carrying wheels at one end, so.
that it may be kept horizontal even when the locomotive is travelling on gradients.
For this purpose the spring carrying one end of the boiler is supported by a nut
wheel on a vertical screw, the vertical position of the nut wheel on the screw is
adjustable by bevel gear operated from the driving shaft of the engine proper or
motor, on which there is a sleeve with two bevel wheels arranged respectively to:
drive in opposite directions a shaft or spindle whereby motion is transmitted to the
nut wheel. The sleeve turns with the engine shaft, but can be moved along it by
a forked lever or equivalent means, so that either of its bevel wheels may be readily
put in gear with the shaft or spindle for increasing or diminishing (as the case may.
be) the distance of the nut wheel from the road so as to compensate for the difference
in level, and keep the boiler horizontal, or practically so. An indicator is provided
to assist the driver in adjusting the position of the boiler to suit the gradient. The
exhaust steam is expanded and condensed by passing into a chamber surrounding
the upper part of the chimney, thence descending in a divided state within tubes
arranged vertically around the chimney into a lower chamber, from which it passes
through other tubes exposed to the action of cold air, and finally through tubes
surrounded by water.

page_text: apart thus imparting successively to the levers 14, 15, 16 and 17, a movement
which causes continuous rotary movement of the axle. The adjustment of the
boiler and its frame so as to keep the boiler horizontal is effected by the screw 23,
whicli passes through the spring 24; this screw carries a nut wheel 25 with bevilled
teeth which is operated by the wheel 26 fixed on the shaft 27, on whose other end
is fixed a bevel wheel 28, actuated as required, either from the wheel 29 or from the
wheel 30, according as one or the other of these wheels is placed in contact or gear
with the wheel 28 by means of the shifting lever 31, thus the screw 23 is caused to
pass upward or downward through the nut wheel, according as it may be desired,
to raise or lower the front portion of the engine. The exhaust steam from the
cylinders is conducted by the pipes 32 and 33 into the tubes 34 which surround the
chimney; the tubes 34 are connected together at their ends by the annular chambers
35 and 36. The steam passes into the annular chamber 35 and descends (subdivided)
by the tubes 34 into the annular chamber 36, thence passing by the tubes 37 and 38
into the tubes 39 and 40, wherein it expands and whence it passes into the tubes
41 in the water tank where it is completely condensed.
.
The water of condensation may be returned to the boiler by the feed pump or
discharged on to the road. To cause the engine to travel backwards, when required,
we provide levers 45 with pawls 46 operating on ratchet teeth 47 arranged the
reverse way of the teeth already described for the forward movement. When the
engine is travelling forward the pawls for moving it backward are held out of
gear by small eccentrics or other well known means, and when the pawls for
moving the engine backward are in use the other pawls are held out of gear.
In order to increase the heating surface of the boiler we may provide the fire box
with tubes open at their lower ends to the fire, and closed at their upper ends, which
extend upward in the water space at each side of the fire box.
•
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and explained the manner of
carrying it into practical effect, we would have it understood that what we consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us under
the Letters Patent hereinbefore in part recited is,—
•
1. The method, substantially as described, of actuating the driving wheels
through levers in such manner that the leverage may be adjusted to suit the
inclination of the road on which the engine is travelling.
2. The method, substantially as described, of adjusting the boiler so as to keep
it horizontal, or approximately horizontal, when travelling up or down hills or
inclines.
· 3. The use or employment for condensing the exhaust steam in a locomotive
engine of tubes arranged around the chimney in conjunction with tubes exposed to
the action of the external atmosphere, and other tubes immersed in water, substan-
tially as described and illustrated.
4. Constructing and arranging locomotive engines, substantially as described and
shewn in the accompanying Drawings...
In witness whereof, we, the said Auguste Joseph Sandron and Georges Treherne,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirteenth day of February, in
the year of our Lord. One thousand eight hundred and eighty.