Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Driving Typographic or other Printing Machines
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Jan., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Oct., 1897-Accepted, 11th Dec., 1897
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Driving Typographic
or other Printing Machines."
I, ROBERT CUMMING ANNAND of Cornwallis Street, South Shields in the County
of Durham, Printer's Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to means or apparatus for driving typographic or other
printing machines and the object is to provide improved means of driving a
printing machine by an electric motor.
The general practice when electric motors are employed is to transmit the
power from the electric motor to the printing machine by means of belts and
pulleys.
There are objections to this means of transmitting the power; for example
considerable space is required for the belts and as in reducing the speed of the
motor to that of the machine, the smaller pulley has to drive the larger, there
is consequently much slipping of the belts.
The transmission of the power from the motor to the machine by cog gearing
direct on to the machine is also objectionable, as it is difficult if not impracticable
to start an electric motor with the full load on.
Now according to my invention I transmit the power and motion from the
electric motor to the printing machine by means of friction gearing or rubbing
surfaces which can be put into or taken out of gear or contact by suitable devices
under the control of the attendant.
motor
I preferably construct the printing machine with the electric
attached to its framework, and arrange the motor in relation to the machine
so that it occupies the least possible space and is in the handiest position for
convenience in working.
The mechanism by which the power can be transmitted by friction gearing or
rubbing surfaces from the electric motor to the printing machine may be con-
structed in various ways which will allow of the motor being started to run at
full speed independently of the printing machine, and of the driving parts
of the printing machine being started afterwards and at will by bringing the.
friction gearing or rubbing surfaces into the necessary gear or contact.
According to one way of carrying out the invention I key a small cog wheel
on the motor shaft and put it in gear with a wheel running loose on the driving
axle of the printing machine so that as the wheel on the motor shaft. rotates
he wheel on the axle of the printing mahine also rotates at the same surface
peed. On this driving axle I also mount a disc facing the gear wheel thereon.
This disc has feather or key which can be slid in a key way in the shaft.
When I wish to set the printing machine in motion I force the side of the disc

page_text: by means of screws, levers or other similar devices hard up against the side of
the wheel, and thus set up frictional contact between them; consequently the
disc rotates with the wheel and imparts rotation to the axle. The loose wheel
may be driven by spur, bevel or worm gearing.
If the flat surfaces are not sufficient to transmit the required power I provide
the face of the wheel with one or more circular grooves, and the disc with one or
more circular rings slightly tapering towards their base. The taper of these rings,
when brought into contact with the corresponding grooves in the side of the
wheel, gives additional friction and by this means more power can be trans-
mitted. Or the face of the wheel which is loose on the printing machine axle
may have ribs running from the centre outwards. The disc in this case might
be provided with a series of wire bristles which, when pressed into contact with
the ribs, would set up sufficient frictional contact to drive the machine.
According to another way of carrying out the invention the wheel which is
mounted loosely on the printing machine axle may have an outer rim or flange
extending over the rim of the disc. The rim of the disc in this case is capable
ot being expanded or contracted at will and thus moved into or out of frictional
contact with the rim of the wheel as required.
Another way of driving by frictional contact is to attach a spring coil to
the side of the loosely mounted wheel and to make the disc on the axle of a
conical shape. When the conical disc is forced into the spring coil, the requisite
friction is thereby obtained.
Instead of mounting the friction disc on the driving axle of the printing
machine, it may be put on the axle of the electric motor. In this case the
wheel on the machine driving shaft would be keyed on to the axle, while the
disc wheel or worm on the motor shaft would run loose, and the friction devices
would move in and out of contact on the motor shaft.
In cases where the electric motor is run at a very high speed, and the driving
by fast and loose gear wheels as above described would consequently be noisy
and cause great wear, I can obtain the requisite frictional contact in the following
manner key a disc with a broad flat periphery on to the shaft of the electric
motor and on the driving shaft of the printing machine I fasten a similar disc.
These I preferably arrange a certain distance apart. In order, in this case, to
establish frictional contact I mount another disc on an axle so disposed that
by means of screws, excentrics or similar devices, I can press this disc in between
the other two discs and thereby cause the disc on the motor shaft to drive the
dise on the printing machine shaft by the friction arising through pressing the
movable disc in between the two.
In order to provide a more powerful contact between the motor and the
machine, I may have a series of tapered grooves and ring around the discs,
the rings in the one dise passing into the grooves in the other disc. To still
further increase the friction, I may place two movable discs between the discs on
the motor and printing machine respectively.
The intermediate movable disc or discs might be dispensed with by mounting
either the axle of the machine or the axle of the motor, or the motor itself so
that the disc on the motor and that on the driving shaft could be forced into
and out of frictional contact. Both discs might have rings and grooves over-
lapping each other or intersecting each other and frictional contact might be
obtained by forcing the one side. ways against the other.
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J. C. MEWBURN & ELLIS,
55 and 56 Chancery Lane, London. Chartered Patent Agents.

page_text: 66
Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Driving Typographic
or other Printing Machines."
-
I, ROBERT CUMMING ANNAND of Cornwallis Street, South Shields in the County
of Durham, Printer's Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to means or apparatus for driving typographic or other
printing machines and the object is to provide improved means of driving a web
printing machine by an electric motor.
The general practice when electric motors are employed is to transmit the
power from the electric motor to a web printing machine by means of belts and
pulleys.
There are objections to this means of transmitting the power; for example
considerable space is required for the belts and as, in reducing the speed of the
motor to that of the machine, the smaller pulley has to drive the larger, there
is consequently much slipping of the belts.
The transmission of the power from the motor to the machine by cog gearing
direct on to the machine is also objectionable, as it is difficult if not impracticable
to start an electric motor with the full load on.
Now according to my invention I transmit the power and motion from the
electric motor to the web printing machine by means or with the aid of friction
gearing or rubbing surfaces which can be put into or taken out of gear or contact
by suitable devices under the control of the attendant.
I preferably construct the web printing machine with the electric motor
attached to its framework, and arrange the motor in relation to the machine
so that it occupies the least possible space and is in the handiest position for
convenience in working.
The mechanism by which the power can be transmitted by friction gearing or
rubbing surfaces from the electric motor to the printing machine may be con-
structed in various ways which will allow of the motor being started to run at
full speed independently of the printing machine, and of the driving parts
of the printing machine being started afterwards and at will by bringing the
friction gearing or rubbing surfaces into the necessary gear or contact.
The invention provides the further advantage that as the driving mechanism
can be instantly disconnected from the machine in case a break takes place in
one of the webs passing through the machine or a block occurs in the folding
mechanism the machine can be brought to a standstill in a shorter time than
would be possible if the motor and the machine were rigidly connected.
According to one way of carrying out the invention I key a small cog wheel
on the motor shaft and put it in gear with a wheel running loose on the driving
axle of the printing machine so that as the wheel on the motor shaft rotates,
the wheel on the axle of the printing machine also rotates at the same surface
speed. On this driving axle I also mount a disc facing the gear wheel thereon.
This disc has a feather or key which can be slid in a key way in the shaft.
When I wish to set the printing machine in motion I force the side of the disc
by means of screws, levers or other similar devices hard up against the side of
he wheel and thus set up frictional contact between them; consequently the
lise rotates with the wheel and imparts rotation to the axle. The loose wheel
may be driven by spur, bevel or worm gearing.
If the flat surfaces are not sufficient to transmit the required power I provide

page_text: the face of the wheel with one or more grooves, and the disc with one or
more rings slightly tapering towards their base. The taper of these rings,
when brought into contact with the corresponding grooves in the side of the
wheel, gives additional friction and by this means more power can be trans-
mitted. Or the face of the wheel which is loose on the printing machine axle
may have ribs running from the centre outwards. The disc in this case may
be provided with a series of wire bristles which, when pressed into contact with
the ribs, would set up sufficient frictional contact to drive the machine.
According to another way of carrying out the invention the wheel which is
mounted loosely on the printing machine axle may have an outer rim or flange
extending over the rim of the disc. The rim of the disc in this case is capable
of being expanded or contracted at will and thus moved into or out of frictiona!
contact with the rim of the wheel as required.
Another way of driving by frictional contact is to attach a spring coil to
the side of the loosely mounted wheel and to make the disc on the axle of a
conical shape. When the conical disc is forced into the spring coil, the requisite
friction is thereby obtained.
Instead of mounting the friction disc on the driving axle of the printing
machine, it may be put on the axle of the electric motor. In this case the
wheel on the machine driving shaft would be keyed on to the axle, while the
disc wheel or worm on the motor shaft would run loose, and the friction devices
would move in and out of contact on the motor shaft.
In cases where the electric motor is run at a very high speed, and the driving
by fast and loose gear wheels as above described would consequently be noisy
and cause great wear, I can obtain the requisite frictional contact in the following
manner: I key a disc with a broad flat periphery on to the shaft of the electric
motor and on the driving shaft of the printing machine I fasten a similar disc.
These I preferably arrange a certain distance apart. In order, in this case, to
establish frictional contact I mount another disc on an axle so disposed that by
means of screws, excentrics or similar devices, I can press this disc in between
the other two discs and thereby cause the disc on the motor shaft to drive the
disc of the printing machine shaft by the friction arising through pressing the
movable disc in between the two.
In order to provide a more powerful contact between the motor and the
machine, I may have a series of tapered grooves and the rings around the discs,
the rings in the one disc passing into the grooves in the other disc. To still
further increase the friction, I may place two movable discs between the discs on
the motor and printing machine respectively.
The intermediate movable disc or discs might be dispensed with by mounting
either the axle of the machine or the axle of the motor, or the motor itself so
that the disc on the motor and that on the driving shaft could be forced into
and out of frictional contact. Both discs might have rings and grooves over-
lapping each other or intersecting each other and frictional contact might be
obtained by forcing the one side-ways against the other.
I will now proceed to describe the accompanying drawings which illustrate
various ways of carrying my invention into effect.
Figure illustrates the most simple form of my invention, a is the motor
shaft carried in a bearing b, fastened to the side frame of the web printing
machine, is a gear wheel meshing with a gear wheel d, running loose on the
driving shaft D of the machine. e is a disc which is free to move backwards
and forwards on the driving shaft I) upon a key d sunk in the shaft. f is a
lever hinged at one end fi and having at the other a hinged block with a
screw thread in it. g is a rod which is screw threaded at g and passes through
the hinged block f. By turning the rod g by means of the hand-wheel G the
disc e is pressed by the lever f against the revolving disc wheel d, and motion is
thus transmitted by friction to the driving shaft D of machine.
Figures 2 illustrate a modification in which the disc d has a ring or flange d²

page_text: on its face this ring being tapered or conical on the inside as shown. The disc e
has a corresponding taper ring which when forced inside the other ring sets
up friction and by that means puts the printing machine in motion.
In this modification, I prefer to make the wheel d and the disc e of cast iron.
It sometimes happens, such as in feeding in fresh webs to the machine, that
the printing press is required to be moved at a very slow speed compared with
that of the motor. This slow speed can be obtained by allowing the rubbing
surfaces to slip. Metal rubbing on metal is apt to seize. To provide against
this, I face one of the rubbing surfaces with millboard or papier mâché or
similar suitable substance. A convenient manner of applying millboard or like
material for this purpose is shown on a larger scale in Figures 3 and 4, Figure
being a section and Figure 4 a front view of the disc e. hh represent the
millboard. It is cut into suitable strips; these are bent round the rubbing
surfaces and are bolted by their ends into recessed parts H in the disc. When
the strips of millboard or similar article get worn they can thus be easily and
quickly renewed.
Figure 5 illustrates a modification; the face of the wheel d has a series of
ribs running from the centre outwards. The movable disc e has a quantity
of wire bristles e³ attached to its face. When it is pressed into contact with the
ribs on the disc d, frictional contact is thereby established and the printing
machine put in motion.
Figures 6 and 6* illustrate another modification, Figure 6* being a face view
of the wheel d. The wheel in this case has a ring which is preferably
parallel internally. Inside this ring is another ring (Figure 6) which is
split. A right and left hand screw C operated by the links m is made to
expand and contract the inner ring and thus establish or destroy frictional
contact with the circumference of the disc e as required. The links m are
operated by handwheel G, rod g and lever f.
Figure 7 illustrates a modification in which frictional contact is established
by means of a cone and a spring coil. On the loose wheel d there is a cone ³.
Attached to the movable piece e is a spring coil E. By pressing the spring
coil on to the cone d³ the requisite motion is obtained from the motor.
Figures 8 and 9 illustrate the manner in which the invention can be con-
veniently applied in cases where the motor is run at a very high speed and the
driving by fast and loose gear wheels as above described would consequently be
noisy and cause great wear. The requisite frictional contact is obtained in the
following manner.
c is a disc keyed on the motor shaft a and d is a disc keyed on the driving
axle D of the printing machine. These discs may have broad flat peripheries or
to increase the frictional contact they may be formed with several peripheral
grooves as shown. J is another disc carried by arms K and operated by an
excentric L and handle M as shown. When this handle is turned so as to
bring the disc J into contact with c and d the necessary frictional contact is
obtained for driving purposes. A disc J may be put at both sides of the
discs c and d as shown at Figure 10 to still further increase the friction.
The two discs can in this case be brought into contact by the double excen-
tric L.
Figure 11 illustrates a modification of the invention in which there is bevel
gear between the electric motor and the friction disc on the printing machine.
The bevel wheel d is keyed on to a sleeve n which carries the friction disc d³.
To still further increase the friction the collar p which is keyed on to the driving
shaft D of the printing machine is provided with a large disc 2 which is in
contact with the lower face of the wheel d. When the pressure of the disc e is
brought down on to the disc frictional contact is produced while the same
pressure causes friction on the bottom disc p¹.
To prevent seizure and increase friction, the conical disc e can be covered
with strips of millboard or other similar substance as herein before described

page_text: with reference to Figures 2, 3 and 4, and a disc of the same material may be
placed between the rubbing surfaces d and p¹. It is not necessary to lubricate
the frictional parts as they take no harm dry and create more friction when in
that state.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I Claim is:—
1. The combination with a web printing machine and an electric motor for
driving the same, of friction gearing or rubbing surfaces between the said
machine and motor and means whereby the said friction gearing or rubbing
surfaces can at will either be brought into operative connection so that the
machine is driven by the motor, or be moved out of operative connection so that
the machine is not driven by the motor, substantially as and for the purpose
herein before described.
2. Conveying motion or power from a motor to a web printing machine by
means of frictional contact between moving parts of the motor and movable
parts of the machine, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. The arrangement substantially as described with reference to Figure 1 for
the purpose set forth.
4. The arrangement substantially as described with reference to Figure 2 for
the purpose set forth.
5. In an arrangement substantially such as that described with reference to
Figure 2, the facing of one of the rubbing or friction faces with millboard,
papier mâché or other like suitable material, substantially as described with
reference to Figures 3 and 4 for the purpose set forth.
6. The arrangement substantially as described with reference to Figure 5 for
the purpose set forth.
7. The arrangement substantially as described with reference to Figure 6 for
the purpose set forth.
8. The arrangement substantially as described with reference to Figure 7 for
the purpose set forth.
9. The arrangements substantially as described with reference respectively to
Figures 8 and 9 and to Figure 10 for the purpose set forth whether the peri-
pheries of the friction discs be smooth or grooved.
10. The arrangement substantially as described with reference to -Figure 11 for
the purpose set forth.
1901
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