IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING IRON IN THE BESSEMER CONVERTER OR SIMILAR APPARATUS, FOR THE ELIMINATION OF SILICON, PHOSPHOROUS, AND SULPHUR, AND FOR THE FORMATION OF SLAGS CONTAINING PHOSPHORIC ACID SOLUBLE IN WATER
Year: 1885

page_text: We, RUDOLF SCHLIWA, Engineer, of Luxemburg, LEOPOLD GILDEMEISTER,
Merchant, of Dortmund, and RUDOLPH FELDTMANN, Merchant, of Glasgow, do
hereby declare the nature of our said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING
IRON IN THE BESSEMER CONVERTER OR SIMILAR APPARATUS, FOR THE ELIMINATION
OF SILICON, PHOSPHOROUS, AND SULPHUR, AND FOR THE FORMATION OF SLAGS
CONTAINING PHOSPHORIC ACID SOLUBLE IN WATER," and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :—
This Invention comprises improvements in the processes described in the
Provisional Specification forming part of the Application for Letters Patent having
the official number 7404 of 1884.
The present Invention has for its object the profitable utilisation of iron con-
taining silicon, phosphorous, and sulphur in any quantities, by treating the molten
crude iron in a Bessemer converter or similar apparatus having a basic or neutral
lining, in an improved manner, and so as to diminish the waste of iron and increase
the durability of the lining to dispense with the "after-blow" and to obtain a
slag containing phosphoric acid or phosphates soluble in water.
In practically carrying out the Invention a mixture is formed consisting of two
parts by weight of anhydrous carbonate of soda and one part of carbonate of lime ;
and this mixture is melted and beated to a temperature short of what would cause
the carbonic acid to be expelled, and in this state is introduced into the converter
which is lined with magnesia-lime. The molten crude iron is then run into the
converter, and, if the temperature is high enough, the silicon or a large portion of
it, will be burned or oxidised at the expense of the carbonic acid of the soda. In
this case the blowing is delayed until the formation of silicates is completed; and
the slag is then removed as completely as is conveniently possible. On the other
hand, if the charge is not hot enough at the outset, it inust be blown until the
reaction between the silicon and carbonate of soda is established, when the blowing
must be interrupted. The total weight of the mixture of carbonate of soda and

page_text: carbonate of lime introduced into the converter should be in the proportion of one
and a half parts of the mixture for every two parts of silicon in the crude iron.
When the slag containing the silicic acid or silicates has been removed there are
added to the molten metal four and a half parts of melted carbonate of soda
(without lime) for every three parts of phosphorus contained in the crude iron,
and the blowing is then resumed and continued until decarburation is commenced.
After the phosphorus has been burned or oxidised the slag is again removed as
completely as is conveniently possible.
In order to eliminate the sulphur, if the quantity of it in the crude iron is large,
a small apparatus or vessel filled with pumice stone, or other suitable material
presenting a large surface, and arranged to be heated separately, is connected to the
air-blast pipe, and is provided with a pipe having an adjustable cock or valvef or
supplying to it a regulated amount of hot water. This apparatus is used for
impregnating the air blast with more or less moisture or vapor, which has the effect
of eliminating portions of the sulphur not separated from the crude iron by the
other processes.
The moisture or vapor may be introduced into the air blast
during all parts of the operation; but should in any case be introduced during the
final blowing which is effected for decarburising the iron after the removal of the
slag containing phosphoric acid or phosphates.
The phosphatic slag may be ground for direct use as manure or it may be treated
by known chemical processes for the preparation of phosphorus compounds.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1. The combination of processes for treating crude iron in the Bessemer converter
or similar apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The formation of slag containing phosphoric acid or phosphates soluble in
water before the decarburation of the iron, substantially as herein before described.
3. The elimination of sulphur from the crude iron by means of moisture or
vapor applied substantially in the manner hereinbefore described.
DAL: alawath dose of Wabruary 1885
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicants' Agent.

page_text: GEORGE HAYES Painter Whittington near Oswestry in county of Salop do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for THE PROTECTION OF WATCHES, MONEY OR
OTHER VALUABLES BY A LOCK-UP SAFETY POCKET to be as follows:-.
A frame-work similar in construction to those used in purses or tobacco pouches
so constructed as to be capable of being inserted in & attached to that part of the
garment forming the mouth of the pocket. Attached to one side of the frame-
work is a stud which forms a catch, which on the closing of the pocket is securely
held in position by a spring latch which is attached to the other side. To release
the watch, money or other valuables a cord of silk or other material to which is
attached a ring or button, (and which may be placed in almost any position) has
to be pulled; this draws back the spring-latch & the pocket is unlocked.

page_text: Lock-up safety Pocket Ior the Frotection or watches, money,
or other Valuables.
GEORGE HAYES Whittington near Oswestry in the County of Salop, Painter
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for THE LOCK UP SAFETY POCKET
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
For the protection of watches money, or other valueables a framework similar in
construction to those used in purses or tobacco pouches so constructed as to be
capable of being inserted in and attached to that part of the garment forming the
mouth of the pocket attached to the one side of the framework, it is a stud which
forms a catch, which on closing, the pocket is securely held in possession by a spring
latch which is attached to the other side. To release the money watch or other
valuevables a cord of silk or other material to which is attached a ring or button
(and which may be placed in any position) has to be pulled, this draws back the
spring latch and the pocket is unlocked.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1stly It is a Complete Safety for the contents of the pockets.
2ndly It requires no key to lock or unlock.