IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ART OF CARDING WOOLEN AND COTTON TISSUES, AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan-Brown, of the Firm of Brandon
and Morgan-Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, South-
ampton Buildings, London, and 13, Ruo Gaillon, Paris, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ART OF CARDING WOOLEN AND
COTTON TISSUES, AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR THAT PURPOSE."-A com-
munication from abroad by Louis Giacomini, of Trevise, Italy.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan-Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th February 1873.
I, WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-
Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ART OF CARDING WOOLEN
AND COTTON TISSUES, AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is for improvements in the art of carding woolen and

page_text: '
applying to cach carding engine a peculiar spiral cylinder (teazlo
cleaner) mado of the vegetable substances known as chiendent à vergottes
(andropogon digitatum) the tampico or Indian fibre, for the purpose of
cleaning the ordinary teazlos in the frame of the carding engine, and
also in substituting these materials mixed with metallic wires for the
teazles themselves, in which case I take the fibres of the substances
named and mix them in certain proportions with metallic wires varying
in quantity and clasticity according to the quality of the tissue on which
they are to be applied, and fix them on bands of wood, iron, or other
material, and attach them to the carding engine. In some cases I use
the vegetable fibres alone, but excepting for light tissues I find the
mixture with the metallic wires the best and in many cases superior
even to teazles alone.
The teazle cleaner cylinder is composed of a drum, to which the
vegetablo fibres of the chicndent aro attached, which alone gives the
right clasticity for cloaning teazles. The material is arranged spirally,
and the cylinder is made to rotate in an opposite direction to the teazle
cylinder, and with a velocity at the superfices of twice or sometimes
thrice that of the toazle cylinder.
When the carders are made with my substitute for teazles the fibres
aro mixed with stronger substances, such as the tampico or Indian
fibre. The teazle cleaner cylinder by its assistance in drying the teazles
duo to the current of air and friction, and also by keeping the teazles
clean, causes these latter to wear much longer than they would other-
wise do.
SPECIFICATION. in pursuance of the conditions of tho-Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Morgan-Brown in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 14th August 1873. :
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon & Morgan-Brown, Engineers 3
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 18, Rue
Gaillon, Paris, send greeting.

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Morgan-Brown, Her special licenso
that I, tho said William Morgan-Brown, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Morgan-Brown, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any timo agree with,
and no others, from time to timo and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within tho United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ART OF CARDING WOOLEN AND COTTON TISSUES, AND IN THE MACHINERY
FOR THAT PURPOSE," a communication to me from abroad by Louis
Giacomini, of Trevise, Italy, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Morgan-Brown, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Morgan-Brown, do hereby
declaro the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner tho samo
is to bo performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say: -
This Invention is for improvements in the art of carding woolen and
cotton tissues and in the machinery for that purpose, and consists in
applying to cach carding engine a peculiar spiral cylinder (teazlo
cleaner) made of the vegetable substances known as chiendent à vergettes
(andropogon digitatum), the tampico or Indian fibre, for the purpose of
cleaning the ordinary teazles in the frame of the carding engine, and
also in substituting these materials mixed with metallic wires for the
teazles themselves, in which caso I take the fibres of the substances
named and mix them in certain proportions with metallic wires varying
in quantity and elasticity, according to the quality of the tissues on
which they are to be applied, and fix them on bands of wood, iron, or
other material, and attach them to the carding engine. In some cases
I use the vegetable fibres alone, but excepting for light tissues I find
:

page_text: to the nature of the machine as well as of the channels in which they
are inserted, as in the case of the carding cylinders O, Figuro 1, whether
theso latter act as auxiliaries to tho said drums or independently in their
place.
"
The action imparted by the grenillo in conjunction with the stocl'
wires on the woolen or other tissues arranged so as to be operated on
cither in a dry state or in a state of sufficient moisture is not only tho
same but far superior to that obtained with vegetable teazles. The nap.
is raised in greater quantities than with the teazles, the hooks of which
in destroying a great part of the same diminish the force of the tissue
and spoil its color. While the grenille exercises a certain vegetable
magnetic attraction on the wool in a similar manner to the teazlo, and
furnishes through its numerous fibres so many agents and points, sufficient
in themselves for superficially carding light tissues, the abovo mentioned.
metallic cords come in aid to offer the necessary resistanco in order to
penetrate in the interior of the tissues, according to the requirements of
its fabrication. With the exception of the grenillo thus combined with
metallic cords (of steel or brass) no other substance, either vegetablo,
animal, or metallio, offers the advantage of substitution to tho teazlo
used for carding.
The numerous experiments made by me on other substances and,
materials employed, cither singly or combined together, and fitted in-
numerous different ways with stems or fibres of all kinds of woods,
leather, india-rubbar, caoutchouc, had no success whatever, neither the
grenille simply nor the metallic cords employed alone will give
satisfactory results (excepting the. grenille on light tissues), but com-
bined in my way I have obtained results superior to those obtained with'
teazics.
"
Although I can mix the grenille with the metallic wires in several
ways on the same support I prefer to fix in the same holes (very small
and as closo as possible) the grenillo with the metallic wires in large
quantitics, and well mingled with each other, so that the surface of tho
points present themselves as much as possible alternately, and so that
tho metal points form, of the grenille not to be too expensive, the
; supports of the carders are made in wood, nevertheless it is sometimes
convenient and useful to make them in leather, gums, india-rubber, &c. -
-The supports ought to. present nevertheless a plain-or-convox surface
J

page_text: tissues.
6thly. Wearing longer.
In order to still more simplify the cleaning of the carders, oven when
they are furnished with teazles, and to render them more efficient and
economical, I mount underneath the drum (Figure 1, A, A), and on
movable supports (C, C,) a cylinder garnished with spirals of grenille
(B, B,) of a length corresponding to that of the drum from which it
receives its movement of rotation. As the superficial speed of this
cylinder will be at least twice and occasionally three times that of the
drum while turning in an opposito direction to the same I dispose on
the shaft (D, D,) of this latter a pulloy (E, E,) of about 3 feet
diameter, and another of 3% diameter on the shaft (F, F,) of the
cylinder, and I cross the driving cord or belt (G, G).
The idea of employing a cylinder garnished with spirals of grenillo
for cleaning my carders as well as those made of teazle is completely
novel, and gives the most remarkable results particularly when teazles
aro employed. The cylinder acting also as a ventilator on the cords
keeps them nearly constantly dry; this latter is most important. par,
ticularly for apparatus using teazles, inasmuch as theso latter thus
maintain their force much longer and consequently their power of
carding, which becomes quickly diminished through humidity. Thero
is thus an economy of labour, of time, and cost of stoppage of the
machines in order to substituto other teazle apparatus for cleaning those
filled with waste.
With my cylinder the cleaning is effected automatically as fast as tho
waste gets accumulated in the carders, and with less damage to the
same than can bo accomplished in any of the other systems actually in
use. To this end it is preferable that the cylinder bo covered with
grenille, disposed spirally, inasmuch as this substance unites in itself
all the necessary requisites, that is to say, possesses the exact degree of
force and of clasticity. In order, on the contrary, to clean the carders
made on my principle the cylinder in question can be covered equally
well with substances of a stronger nature, such as tampico or Indian
fibro, chicndent, piazzara, &c.
'