Improved Method of Casting Metallic Tops other than Iron or Steel on to Cast Iron Fenders.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Mar., 1896--Accepted, 18th Apr., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Method of Casting Metallic Tops other than Iron or Steel
on to Cast Iron Fenders.
JOSEPH CRAWFORD 10 Vicar Street Dudley Worcestershire Traveller and
Fender Maker do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This is a claim to prevent or diminish the melting or fusion of metallic beads
forming tops of cast iron fenders during the combined process of the casting of
fender moulds & casting on to the fenders the metallic tops.
By the method, of laying the said beads loose in position on to the tops of the
said fender patterns (used in making moulds) and afterwards making the fender
moulds, during which process said patterns are lifted out of, or withdrawn
from moulds, but leaving behind in position in moulds, the said beads forming
fender tops.
By this method of first laying in position said beads on the tops of the said
fender patterns & making the moulds afterwards, instead of first making fender
moulds & afterwards placing in position in the said moulds the said beads, the
springing of said beads in moulds is avoided or largely diminished, thus avoiding
or reducing loss caused in casting said moulds, by molten iron running underneath
portion or portions of said beads, which may have sprung away from sand or
material forming moulds, and thereby fusing or melting such part or parts of said
beads. Protection against fusion of said beads being greater when sand or
material forming moulds lies continuously or uninteruptedly packed against
outside surface of said beads & by the method herewith explained such protection
is provided for.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
To prevent or diminish the melting or fusion of said metallic tops, of cast iron
fenders during the combined process of the casting with molten iron, the said
fender moulds & the casting on to the said fenders the metallic tops, lying in the
moulds, by the method explained above.
Dated this 14th don of March 1906
JOSEPH CRAWFORD.

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Mar., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 16th Dec., 1895-Accepted, 27th Feb., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Use in the Production and
Application of Acetylene Gas.
I THOMAS HOLLIDAY of Edgerton, Huddersfield in the County of York,
Manufacturing Chemist do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for use in the production, or
generation, in the storing and the application of acetylene gas, the apparatus
consisting of one, or more generators and a displacement holder, the generators
being placed on a level with or below the holder.
By generator I mean a vessel in which carbide of calcium or other carbide
(capable of giving off acetylene when treated with water) is treated with water
entering at a lower and the gas being withdrawn at a higher level than the level of
the carbide therein.
And by displacement holder I mean a gas holder in which the acetylene gas is
allowed to displace water which is thereby forced to a higher level and can re-enter
the holder as gas is withdrawn from it, arranged in such a manner that the gas
formed in the generator passes direct to service pipes or through a cooler and thence
into service pipes and if more gas is formed than is withdrawn from the service
pipes the first effect is to force the water from the carbide through a pipe or passage
from the lower level of the generator into the gas holding part of the holder at as
high a level as practical, so as to ensure that before the water returns to the
generator the gas will have returned to it through the same passage on its way to
the service pipe and after the water is forced from the carbide in this manner any
surplus gas enters the gas holder by the same passage and lowers the level of the
water therein this passage for the water and gas serves also to allow water to
re-enter the lower part of the generator after the surplus gas is withdrawn through
the generator and service pipes.
Dated the 16th day of March 1896.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Use in the Production and
Application of Acetylene Gas.
I THOMAS HOLLIDAY, of Edgerton, Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Manufacturing Chemist do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for use in the production of

page_text: generation, in the storing and the application of acetylene gas, the apparatus
consisting of one or more generators and a displacement holder the generators being
placed on a level with or below the holder.
By generator I mean a vessel in which carbide of calcium or other carbide
(capable of giving off acetylene when treated with water) is treated with water
entering at a lower and the gas being withdrawn at a higher level than the level of
the carbide therein.
And by displacement holder I mean a gas holder in which the acetylene gas is
allowed to displace water which is thereby forced to a higher level and can re-enter
the holder as gas is withdrawn from it, arranged in such a manner that the gas
formed in the generator passes direct to service pipes or through a cooler and
thence into service pipes and if more gas is formed than is withdrawn from the
service pipes the first effect is to force the water from the carbide through a pipe
or passage from the lower level of the generator into the gas holding part of the
holder at as high a level as practical so as to ensure that before the water returns
to the generator the gas will have returned to it through the same passage on its
way to the service pipe and after the water is forced from the carbide in this
manner any surplus gas enters the gas holder by the same passage and lowers the
level of the water therein this passage for the water and gas serves also to allow
water to re-enter the lower part of the generator after the surplus gas is withdrawn
through the generator and service pipes.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1, represents a vertical section of such parts of an acetylene gas apparatus
fitted with one generator as are necessary to illustrate the application of my
improvements.
Figure 2, represents a plan view of the same.
Figures 3 and 4 are views of detail on a larger scale hereinafter referred to.
Referring more particularly to Figures 1 and 2 the cylindrical holder A has a
water cistern B above it but separated from it by the diaphragm or horizontal
partition C. A pipe D passing through the diaphragm and extending_down
below the minimum level of the water in the holder connects the cistern B with
the holder. A drain cock A' is fitted in the bottom A³ of the holder and the
bottom is preferably made conical so as to incline towards this cock.
The generator E is fitted with a lid E fixed in position by the screw E and
carbide of calcium is placed in a removable perforated cage contained in this
generator. The lower end of this generator is connected to approximately the
highest point of the holder by the pipes F and F and a three-way valve G is placed
between the two pipes.
Figures 3 and 4, represent sectional views of this valve showing the passage G
through the plug G. The plug G may be turned to connect the pipes F and F
or to stop the passage between them as required and it may also be turned to the
position shown in Figure 3 so as to connect the pipe F with the waste pipe F³ when
it is required to empty the generator. A gas delivery pipe H is connected to the
top of the generator and is preferably coupled to the cooling coil H located in the
cistern B.
To put the apparatus into operation the holder A is filled with water and a little
water is also placed in the cistern B. The generator may be now charged with
calcic carbide, preferably placed in a basket cage that can be lifted in and out and
after the lid E is secured the valve G is turned so as to connect the pipes F and F,
then the water from the holder flows into the generator and the generation of gas
commences.
In case the gas is generated faster than it is required it first accumulates in the
generator and drives the water therefrom back into the holder. After that any
gas generated in excess of what is immediately required also passes by the pipes F
and into the holder thus displacing the water therein and forces it up by the
pipe D into the cistern B. This gas remains in the holder until the consumption
of gas exceeds the speed of generation when such gas passes from the holder

page_text: through the generator to the pipe H. As the pipe F is coupled to the holder at
its highest point water is not again admitted to the generator until the gas
accumulated in the holder is practically exhausted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
An improved apparatus for generating and storing acetylene gas consisting of a
generator and a displacement gas holder, the generator connected from its upper
part with a cooler or service pipe and from below the level of the carbide placed
therein with the upper part of a displacement holder, substantially as shown and
described.
Dated the 15th day of December 1896.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.