IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES FOR DYEING AND COLOURING FELT, JUTE, OR OTHER TEXTILE OR POROUS FABRICS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Allan, of 36, Richmond Crescent, Barnsbury, N.,'.
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES FOR
DYEING AND COLOURING FELT, JUTE, OR OTHER TEXTILE OR POROUS
FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Allan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1882.
JAMES ALLAN of 36 Richmond Crescent, Barnsbury, N, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES FOR DYEING AND COLOURING FELT, JUTE, OR OTHER
TEXTILE OR POROUS FABRICS."
This Invention relates to machinery and appliances used for dyeing and colouring
felt, jute, or other textile or porous fabrics, in which the material to be treated is
held firmly between hollow dies or blocks upon which the pattern is formed and
through which suitable liquid dye or colour is forced so as to permeate the material,
the dye or colour being then withdrawn and the hollow blocks seperated so that
the material can be drawn forward for a sufficient distance, when the blocks are
again brought together and the process repeated and so on as often as may be
necessary.
The present Invention has more especially for its object new and improved
methods of forcing the liquid dye or colour through the material to be treated and
of afterwards withdrawing it and following it by a current of warm or cold air
which in permeating the fabric dries more or less completely, and renders the
pattern formed upon and through it less liable to injury when the material is
drawn forward as above described for the repetition of the process.
In machinery or apparatus as heretofore constructed and used for the purpose
above described, the liquid dye or colour is forced through the material by means
of one or more force pumps actuated by mechanism suitably arranged, so that at
the proper time when the material is held between the pressure blocks or dies the
liquid colour is forced through it and withdrawn before the pressure blocks are
separated. In the present Invention the arrangement of the hollow pressure blocks
or dies is of a similar kind but I force the liquid colour or dye through the material
Price 871

page_text: by the pressure of air. For this purpose I take a cistern or tank of iron or other
suitable material of sufficient strength, into which I admit the liquid colour by
means of a pipe from a tank of larger size in which it is kept. When the cistern
is sufficiently full I close the pipe by which the liquid is admitted, and at the
proper time, when the fabric is tightly held between the pattern dies or pressure
blocks I admit air compressed to any desired pressure into the cistern above the
surface of the liquid.
A suitable pipe provided with a regulating cock or valve is arranged to com-
municate between the lower part of the cistern and the lower hollow pressure
block or die, and the regulating cock or valve being opened the liquid is forced by
the pressure of the air through the material and into the upper pressure block.
The pressure of air in the cistern is then withdrawn, and air under corresponding
pressure admitted into the upper pressure block or die through a flexible or jointed
pipe provided with a regulating valve, and the liquid is thus forced back through
the material and through the lower pressure block or die and pipe into the
cistern.
Or, instead of the arrangement described, when the pressure of air is removed
from the cistern, the latter may be put in communication, by means of a separate
pipe provided with a regulating valve, with a vessel from which the air is more or
less removed so as to leave a partial vacuum, and the liquid is thus drawn or
sucked back through the material into the lower pressure block, and thence through
the pipe to the cistern.
In either method of arrangement the communicating pipes and regulating valves
may be left open sufficiently long so that after the passage of the liquid colour.
through the material or fabric it is followed by a current of air by which the fabric
is more or less dried. Or, separate pipes and regulating valves may be used for
the admission and passage of air as described through the fabric, and such air may
be heated in order to facilitate and hasten the drying process.
I sometimes use the following arrangement for forcing the liquid colour or dye
through the fabric. I make the end of the pipe,, which communicates from the
lower pressure block or die to the cistern from which the liquid colour is to be
forced, moveable vertically where it enters the cistern either by making it
telescopic or other equivalent means, and so that its height can be adjusted by
hand or automatically by the machine itself. When the pipe is adjusted and a
sufficient quantity of liquid colour or dye is present in the cistern, where the
compressed air is admitted into the latter the liquid is forced through the pipe
until the lower end of the latter is uncovered when the compressed air passes.
along it and follows the liquid colour through the fabric. In this way the quantity
of the colour so forced can be readily and easily regulated.
I prefer that an air vessel of sufficient size should be used for holding the
compressed air which is forced into it by air pumps or compressing apparatus of
any convenient kind, and where a partial vacuum is used the same pumps may be
used for exhausting the air and creating such partial vacuum, which is also
preferably maintained in a vessel of sufficient size.
If, therefore a sufficient quantity of air compressed to the desired pressure be
retained in a vessel, and if (where a partial vacuum is used as above described).
such partial vacuum is maintained in a similar vessel, the air pumps form an entirely
independent part of the apparatus and may be kept continuously or irregularly at
work at any desired speed as may be convenient.
The whole of the process of admitting the liquid dye or colour to the lower
pressure block, forcing it through the material to be treated, withdrawing it, and
following it up by a current of cold or hot air passing through the fabric is
performed by opening and closing at the proper times the regulating cocks or
valves upon the several pipes; and these cocks or valves may be so opened and
closed by hand, or preferably by suitable mechanism of the ordinary well known
kind consisting of cams of suitable shape actuating levers connected with the
regulating cocks or valves and operated by the machine itself. The upper or

page_text: moveable pressure block or die may be actuated by one or more cams upon a shaft.
revolving in bearings and set in motion by steam or other suitable power, the
block being forced down by the pressure of such cam and being raised at the
time by a similar cam or by balance weights.
proper.
Or, a novel method by which I sometimes force the upper pressure block or die
down so as to hold the material to be treated between the upper and lower dies,
consists of connecting the upper die or pressure block to the lower end of a ram or
plunger working up and down for a short distance in a cylinder into the upper end
of which water under sufficient pressure can be admitted or discharged. When the
fabric has been adjusted in its proper position between the pressure blocks; water
is admitted into the cylinder and the plunger and pressure block are forced down
with sufficient pressure to hold the fabric tightly between the dies whilst the
liquid dye or colour is passed through it in the manner above described. The
water is then allowed to escape from the cylinder, and the ram and pressure block
are raised by a counterweight or by the admission of water to the other end of the
cylinder. The valves by which the water is so admitted and withdrawn may be
operated by hand or by the action of the machine itself at proper intervals.
Two or more liquid colours or dyes may be used, separate cisterns, connecting
pipes and regulating cocks or valves, of the kind above described, being provided
for each such colour or dye.
In the different methods. of construction and arrangement described, the lower
pressure block instead of the upper one may be made moveable, and the liquid
colour or dye may be admitted through either the upper or lower pressure block.
The material or fabric treated may be fed forward at intervals when the pressure
of the blocks or dies is removed, either by hand or by means of endless chains
passing over wheels and carrying forward the dyed material with them preferably
over rollers or drums when the wheels are made to revolve by hand or by
mechanism of the wellknown kinds actuated by the machine itself at intervals.
Or, sometimes I use one or more cylinders having pistons in them actuated by the
pressure of water admitted into the cylinders when required so that at proper
intervals the pistons are thus forced forward in the cylinders, their outer ends being
connected to the wheels carrying the endless chains or other appliances by which
the fabric is supported. The pistons are brought back between each stroke, when
the water is released from the cylinders, by means of balance weights, or by the
admission of water upon the other side of the pistons, and adjustable stops are
arranged by which the extent of travel of the pistons is exactly defined and
limited. If the fabric is sufficiently dried, it may be wound upon rollers as it
leaves the mechanism, or it may first be dried or otherwise treated.
By this Invention great simplicity and cheapness of the apparatus and economy
in working are attained.

page_text: f
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said James Allan in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 14th July 1882:
JAMES ALLAN, of 36 Richmond Crescent, Barnsbury, N, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES FOR DYEING AND COLOURING FELT, JUTE, OR OTHER
TEXTILE OR POROUS FABRICS."
This Invention relates to machinery and appliances used for the purpose of
dyeing and colouring felt, jute, or other textile or porous fabrics, in which the
material to be treated is held firmly between hollow dies or blocks upon which
the pattern is formed which it is desired to produce upon the fabric, and through
which suitable liquid dye or colour is forced so as to permeate the material, the
dye or colour being then withdrawn and the hollow blocks separated so that the
material can be drawn forward through a sufficient distance, when the hollow
blocks are again forcibly brought together and the process repeated, and so on as
often as may be necessary. The present Invention has more especially for its
object new and improved methods of forcing the liquid dye or colour through the
material which is to be treated, and of afterwards withdrawing it and following it by
a current of warm or cold air which in permeating the fabric dries the latter more
or less completely, and renders the pattern formed upon and through it less liable
to injury when the material is drawn forward in order to submit a fresh part of
its length to the operation of dyeing. In machinery or apparatus as heretofore
sometimes constructed and used for the purpose above described, the liquid dye or
colour is forced through the material by means of force pumps actuated by
mechanism suitably arranged, so that at the proper time when the material is firmly
held between the pressure blocks or dies the liquid colour is forced through it and
withdrawn before the pressure blocks or dies are separated. This method of
operation is described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to George
Cantrell Gibbs, dated September 19th A.D. 1874, and numbered. 3214, in which
Specification it is also said that the cisterns containing the liquid dyes or colours
may be made air-tight and the liquid forced through the fabric by the pressure of
air forced into them instead of by the direct action of pumps.
A part of my present Invention consists in novel methods of arranging and
using the cisterns or vessels containing the liquid dyes or colours, in combination
with moveable pressure blocks or dies of the kind above described. For this
purpose I take a cistern or tank of iron or other suitable material of sufficient
strength, into which I admit the liquid colour or dye which is to be used, by means
of a valve and pipe communicating with a larger tank or reservoir in which it is
kept stored. When the smaller cistern is sufficiently full, I close the pipe by which
the liquid is admitted, and at the proper moment when the fabric has been tightly
compressed between the hollow pattern dies or pressure blocks, I admit air com-
pressed to any desired pressure into the cistern above the surface of the liquid dye
or colour. A pipe which may be provided with a regulating cock or valve, is
arranged so that it communicates between the cistern below the level of the liquid
and the lower hollow pressure block or die; and, the regulating cock or valve being
open, the liquid is forced by the pressure of the air into the lower pressure block,
through the substance of the material itself, and into the upper hollow pressure
block. The pressure of air in the cistern is then withdrawn, and air under pressure
is admitted into the upper hollow pressure block or die through a sufficiently.
flexible or jointed pipe provided with a regulating cock or valve, and the liquid dye

page_text: or colour is thus forced back through the material and through the lower pressure
block or die and pipe, into the cistern. Or, instead of the arrangement just
described, when the pressure of air has been withdrawn from the cistern, the latter
may be put in communication, by means of a separate pipe provided with a regu-
lating cock or valve, with a vessel or chamber from which the air is more or less
removed so as to form a partial vacuum, and the liquid dye is thus drawn or sucked
back out of the upper pressure block, and through the material into the lower
pressure block, and thence through the pipe to the cistern.
In either of the methods of arrangement and operation described, the different
communicating pipes and regulating valves may be left open sufficiently long, so
that the liquid colour after its passage through the material or fabric is followed
by a current of air by which the fabric is more or less dried. Or, separate pipes
and regulating cocks or valves may be used for the admission and passage of air as
described through the fabric, and such air may be first heated in any convenient
way in order to facilitate and hasten the drying process.
I sometimes make use of the following method of arrangement for forcing liquid
dye or colour through the fabric. I make the end of the pipe, which communicates
from the lower pressure block or die to the cistern from which the liquid colour is
to be forced as already described, capable of being moved vertically where it enters
the cistern either by making it telescopic, one part moving within the other, or by
other equivalent means, so that its height or the position of its open end can be
adjusted by band, or automatically by the machine itself. When the position of
the pipe has been so adjusted and a sufficient quantity of liquid colour is present
in the cistern, if compressed air is admitted into the latter the liquid is forced up
through the pipe until its lower open end is uncovered, when the compressed air
passes along it and follows the liquid colour through the fabric. In this way the
quantity of the liquid colour so forced through can be readily and easily regulated,
as it will depend upon the depth which the open end of the pipe dips into the
liquid. I arrange preferably an air vessel of sufficient strength and capacity to
hold the compressed air, which is forced into it by means of pumps or compressing
machinery of any suitable kind, and where a partial vacuum is used (as in one of
the above described methods of arrangements) the same pumps may be used to
exhaust the air and create such partial vacuum, which is also preferably maintained
constantly in a vessel of sufficient size. It will be seen, therefore, that if a sufficient
quantity of air compressed to the desired pressure is constantly. maintained in the.
receiver, and if (where a partial vacuum is to be used as described) such partial
vacuum is also constantly maintained in a second vessel, the air pumps constitute
an entirely independent part of the apparatus and may be kept at work either
continuously and at a uniform speed, or irregularly at any speed as may be
convenient. The whole of the process of admitting the liquid dye or colour to the
lower pressure block, forcing it through the material which is to be treated, with-
drawing it back through the material, and following it up by a current of air
either hot or cold passing through the fabric, is performed simply by opening and
closing at the proper times the several regulating cocks or valves upon the several
pipes; and these cocks or valves may be so opened or closed by hand, or preferably
by mechanism of the ordinary well known kind consisting of cams of suitable
shape actuating levers connected with the regulating cocks or valves, the cams
being fixed upon a revolving shaft or otherwise operated by the machine itself.
The upper or moveable pressure block or die may be actuated at suitable
intervals by one or more cams upon a shaft revolving in bearings and set in motion
by steam or other suitable power, the block being forced down by the pressure of
such cam or cams and being raised sufficiently at the proper time by a similar cam
or by a balance weight.
.
In the accompanying Drawings, which are in illustration of the Invention,.
Figure 1 is a side view, partly in section, showing an. entire set of apparatus, and
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
a is the framework of the dyeing machine supporting the lower die b, and c-is

page_text: the upper die which is capable of rising and falling through a short distance upon
guides on the frame a.
The upper die c is raised by balance weights, not shewn in the Drawing, and is
forced down at intervals by cams fixed upon the revolving shaft e, the ends of
which only are shewn in Figure 2, this shaft being made to revolve slowly in
strong bearings f, f¹, by means of the spur wheel g driven by steam or other
convenient power. A is air compressing apparatus of any suitable construction,
driven by steam or other power, and compressing air through the pipe B into the
reservoir C, which is provided with a safety valve as shewn, and in which air is
constantly, stored at the desired pressure.
h is an airtight cistern arranged below the lower die b, or in other convenient
position, and supplied with a sufficient quantity of liquid dye or colour through a
valve from a larger cistern or reservoir, and D is a pipe communicating from the
air reservoir C to the upper part of the dye cistern h, an adjustable valve being
arranged upon the pipe at i. The pipe D also communicates with the upper hollow
die or pattern block c by means of the pipe E, which is sufficiently flexible to
allow the slight up and down movement of the die c and is provided with an
adjustable valve at k.
I is a roll of felt or other material upon which the pattern is to be produced,
supported in bearings m, m², and n, n³, are rollers preferably covered with india
rubber between which the material is passed and guided to the pressure dies or
blocks b and c, whence it passes under the roller o to the polygonal drum p upon
which it is wound in the following manner.
The drum P is polygonal having eight as shewn, or any other sufficient number
of sides. It is arranged so that its axis turns in bearings 2, 3, and upon this axis
is fixed a ratchet wheel 4, which can be turned when desired by the handle 5, and
pall 6.
ક્
Upon the axis 1 also turns a frame or fork 7 which carries a pad or pressure block 8
which can be raised up or screwed down again either of the sides of the drum by
means of one or more screws 9. A detent is shewn at 10 which serves to adjust
the position of the drum when it is turned round.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The roll of felt or other material / to
be operated upon being arranged in the bearings m, m², its end is drawn between
the rollers n, n¹, and the dies b, c, and thence under the roller o to the drum p
where it is fastened.
The wheel g being then set in slow revolution, the upper die c is brought down,
forcibly compressing the material between it and the lower die b. In the mean-
time the receiver C has been filled with compressed air, and a sufficient quantity of
liquid dye or colour has been admitted into the cistern h. The valve i is then
opened and the compressed air passes through the pipe D into the upper part of
the cistern h and forces the colour up through the pipe r into the lower hollow
die b and thence through the fabric and into the upper hollow die c. The valve i
is then closed, and the valve k opened, and the compressed air passing into the
upper hollow die c drives the liquid colour back through the fabric into the lower
die b and thence through the pipe r into the cistern h, and if the valve k be allowed
to remain open the colour is followed by the compressed air which also passes
down through the fabric, driving out the surplus liquid and drying the material.
The valve is then closed, and the continued revolution of the wheel g releases
the upper die c which rises for a short distance. The pad or pressure block 8 is
then brought down by the screw 9 upon the fabric, which it holds against one of
the faces of the drum p, and by means of the handle 5 and pall 6 the ratchet
wheel 4 and drum are turned round until the next succeeding face of the latter is
uppermost, the fabric having been drawn forward exactly the right distance for the
pattern upon the die blocks b and c to be again produced upon it. The upper die
block c is again brought down, and the several valves being opened and closed in
succession as already described, the process is repeated, and so on as long as may be
desired with great speed and regularity. One or more valves 8 may be arranged

page_text: for the purpose of admitting the dye or colour, or for allowing the air to escape
from the cistern h.
The roll of felt or other material being held with sufficient pressure between the
rollers n, n', and the pad or pressure block 8 also holding it for its full width
against the face of the drum p, the felt is drawn forward more evenly and regularly
than if it were drawn forward by its edges only, and the several succeeding
impressions of the pattern are consequently more easily and accurately adjusted to
meet each other as the felt is brought forward at intervals.
The pad or pressure block 8 may be provided with knives at its ends, as shewn
at v in Figure 5, on a larger scale, by which the edges of the felt or other material
are trimmed to the proper width as they pass under it. The roller o prevents the
fabric being raised into contact with the pressure block c when the drum p is
turned round.
I sometimes force the upper pressure block or die down so as to hold the
material between the upper and lower dies, by connecting the upper die or pressure
block to the lower end of a ram or piston working up and down for a short
distance in a cylinder into the upper end of which water under sufficient pressure
can be admitted or discharged. When the fabric has been adjusted in its proper
position between the pressure blocks, water is admitted into the upper end of the
cylinder and the piston and pressure block are forced down with sufficient pressure
to hold the fabric firmly between the dies whilst the liquid dye or colour is passed
through it in the manner above described. The water is then allowed to escape
from the cylinder, and the pressure block and ram or piston are raised by a counter
weight or by the admission of water to the lower end of the cylinder. Or, instead
of water the pressure of compressed air may be employed. In Figures 3 and 4
such a modified arrangement of the apparatus is shewn, in which a is the frame,
b the lower die or pressure block and c the upper one. e is a cylinder containing
a piston the rod of which d is connected to the upper die c so that if compressed
air be admitted above the piston the dies are brought together with great force,
whilst if the compressed air be admitted below the piston the die c is raised. fis
a valve by which these movements of the piston can be regulated. h is the dye
or colour cistern, into which dips the pipe r which communicates with the lower
die b. This pipe r is shewn moveable vertically in stuffing boxes so that it can be
made to dip more or less into the liquid dye or colour as and for the purpose
already described. is the roll of felt or other fabric passed between the pressuré
blocks b and c and fed forward by the drum p as in the arrangement already
described and shewn.
C is a reservoir for compressed air supplied through the pipe B from air com-
pressing machinery and F is a vessel from which the air is withdrawn through
the pipe G by the same or other machinery so as to leave within it more or less
vacuum. His a pipe from the reservoir C to the valve f of the cylinder e, I is á
pipe from the reservoir C to the upper pressure block c, and K is a pipe from the
reservoir C to the dye cistern h. Each of these pipes I and K is provided with a
valve, K and 's, which can be opened, or closed as desired by handles at K¹, &¹, and
the cylinder valve f can also be regulated by the similar handle fl. A pipe L
from the vacuum chamber F also communicates with the dye cistern h, and is
provided with a valve't which can also be opened or closed by a handle t¹. It will
be seen that the handles f¹, k', 8', 't', are situated close together in any convenient
position so that the whole of the valves may be easily regulated as desired by an
attendant.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The roll of felt or other material Z
being arranged in the bearings.m, m', its end is drawn between the rollers n, n³,
and the hollow dies b and c, and thence under the roller o to the drum p where it
is fastened. Compressed air is then admitted above the piston in the cylinder e
from the reservoir C by means of the handle f¹ opening the valve f, and the upper
block c is brought forcibly down upon the felt which is held firmly between the
two blocks. The valve 8 is then opened by the handle s¹ and compressed air

page_text: entering the cistern h through the pipe K forces the liquid dye or colour through
the moveable pipe r, which has been adjusted to the proper height, and into the
lower hollow block 6 whence it passes through the felt and into the upper hollow
block c, until the lower end of the pipe is uncovered. The valves is then closed,
and the valve t is opened by the handle t' the upper part of the cistern / being
thus made to communicate with the vacuum chamber F, and the liquid being thus
drawn back through the felt into the lower block b and the cistern h. At the
same time the valve k may be opened by the handle and compressed air admitted
into the upper hollow die c, traversing the, felt after the liquid has been expelled,
until the felt has been sufficiently dried. The valve is then closed, and the
valve freversed so that air is admitted below the piston and the upper block is
thus raised, the felt being then drawn forward by the drum p, and the process
repeated as often as required. .
Instead of the several valves being worked by hand as shewn, they may be
operated at the proper times by suitable cams upon a shaft made to revolve at the
proper speed by steam or other power: The drum p may if desired also be made
to revolve at the right time by the same shaft, the pad or pressure block 8 being
raised or lowered as required.
A valve may also be added by which the upper hollow die c may be put in
communication with the vacuum chamber F, if desired.
The air passing from the reservoir C may be heated in any convenient way
before it is passed through the felt or other fabric. Two or more liquid colours or
dyes may be used, separate cisterns, connecting pipes, and regulating cocks or
valves, being provided for each such colour or dye.
In the different forms of apparatus described and shewn, the lower pressure block
or die may be made moveable instead of the upper one, the position of the pipes
and valves being altered to suit such modified arrangement.
By this Invention great simplicity and cheapness of the apparatus and economy
of working are attained. Having now described my Invention and the manner in
which it is to be performed, I do not confine myself to the precise form and
arrangement of the several parts of the apparatus, which may be varied to suit
varying circumstances, but I claim :-
First, The combination of upper and lower hollow pattern pressure blocks or
dies, the cistern or cisterns for holding the dye or colour, the reservoir for
compressed air, and the pipes and valves by which the compressed air may
be admitted into the dye cistern or cisterns or the upper hollow pattern pressure
block or die, as and for the purposes described and shown in the Drawings.
Second, The combination with such upper and lower hollow pattern pressure
blocks, dye cistern or cisterns, reservoir for compressed air, and pipes and valves for
admitting the compressed air to the dye cistern or cisterns and the hollow pattern
pressure block or die, of a vacuum chamber, and pipe or pipes and valves by which
the dye cistern or cisterns, or the hollow pattern pressure block or die, may be
made to communicate with such vacuum chamber, as and for the purpose described
and shewn.
Third, the method of arranging and operating the valves by which the dye
cistern or cisterns and the hollow pattern pressure blocks or dies are put in com-
munication with the compressed air reservoir or the vacuum chamber, substantially
as described and shewn.
Fourth, in combination with the several valves described, the cams and levers
upon a revolving shaft, by which the valves are opened and closed when required,
substantially as described.
Fifth, for the purpose of raising and lowering the upper hollow pattern pressure
block or die, the combination with such pressure block or die, of a cylinder
containing a piston or ram actuated by the pressure of water or compressed air
when required, substantially as described and shewn.
Sixth, the combination of the polygonal drum, the adjustable pressure block or
5

page_text: pad; and the ratchet wheel and handle, arranged and operated substantially as and
for the purpose described and shewn in the Drawings.
Seventh, In combination with the polygonal drum and adjustable pressure block
or pad, the rollers between which the felt or other material is held before it passes
between the hollow pattern pressure blocks or dies, substantially as described and
shewn.
.
Eighth, the method of arranging knife blades upon the polygonal drum, and upon
the ends of the adjustable pressure block or pad, for the purpose of cutting and
trimming the edges of the felt or other material, substantially as described and
shewn in the Drawings.
'
In witness whereof, I, the said James Allan, have hereunto set my hand and
seal this 14th day of July, in the year of our Lord 1882.
Witness,
EDMUND EDWARDS
=
Of the Firm of Edwards and Co :-
Patent Agents and Engineers
40, Southampton Buildings.
JAMES ALLAN. (L.S.)