IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL STONE PIPES AND TUBES, AND IN THE COATING OR LINING THEREOF, TO RENDER THEM SUITABLE FOR THE CONDUIT OF ALKALINE LIQUIDS AND ACID PRODUCTS FROM CHEMICAL, MANURE, AND GAS WORKS, FOR SEWAGE, SALINE LIQUIDS, AND GAS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fottrell, of Dame Street, Dublin, Ireland,
Manager of a Public Company, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ARTIFICIAL STONE PIPES AND TUBES, AND IN THE COATING OR LINING
THEREOF, TO RENDER THEM SUITABLE FOR THE CONDUIT OF ALKALINE LIQUIDS
AND ACID PRODUCTS FROM CHEMICAL, MANURE, AND GAS WORKS, FOR SEWAGE,
SALINE LIQUIDS, AND GAS.”
ealed the 3rd July 1874, and dated the 7th January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fottrell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th January 1874.
I, JOHN FOTTRELL, of Dame Street, Dublin, Ireland, Manager of a
Public Company, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL STONE PIPES and Tubes, aND IN THE COATING
OR LINING THEREOF, TO RENDER THEM SUITABLE FOR THE CONDUIT OF ALKALINE
LIQUIDS AND ACID PRODUCTS FROM CHEMICAL, MANURE, AND GAs Works, for
SEWAGE, SALINE LIQUIDS, AND Gas" :—
This Invention relates to pipes and tubes of artificial stone, for which
I have obtained Letters Patent on the 20th of September 1873,
No. 3086.
For the conduit of gas I line the interiors and ends with a coating
of silicate of soda in a crude state by painting such parts with a strong

page_text: solution of the substance, and allowing it to dry slowly. Any other
soluble silicate or aluminate may be employed, or a mixture of these.
In the conveyance of sewage the tubes or pipes should be smoothly
turned within, and when so arranged should be coated internally with
a thin but perfect layer of bitumen, layed on hot and diluted with some
oil in order to lower the fusing point, so as to insure complete union
with the bitumen, agglutinating the particles of stone.
For acids the mineral basis of the tubing, as described in my Letters
Patent, No. 3086, above referred to, is altered, and the natural bitu-
minous rock omitted from the composition, and one of the following
substitutes employed for the crushed limestone, viz.,–
a. Any sample of burnt clay or shale which is not acted on by an
acid.
b. Sea or river sand free from matters soluble in muriatic acid.
c. Crushed granite.
d. Crushed flints or other forms of silica, obtained by heating the
flints to redness and quenching them in water, when they are readily
crushed and powdered.
e. Earthy minerals, unacted on by acids.
Large supplies of flints can be obtained from the Antrim and other
chalk districts, and when well dressed, so as to free them from chalk,
these stones would afford a particularly suitable material.
Instead of a single substance a mixture of any or all the above-
mentioned bodies may be used.
If the use alone of one or other of the above-named substances,
unacted upon by acids, should be inconvenient in the construction of the
tubes a pipe, rather thinner than desired, may be made of the materials,
named in the Patent No. 3086, and coated within and at the ends with
a layer measuring one-third of the total thickness of the side of each
tube with a compound of bitumen and burnt clay, ground flints, or
other of the acid resisting bodies herein referred to.
Tubes intended for alkaline or saline liquids should be made of burnt
clay and bitumen, but pipes of the ordinary composition, described in
my former Patent, are likewise serviceable for these purposes.

page_text: In pursuance of the conditions of
filed by the said John Fottrell in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th July 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FOTTRELL, of Dame Street, Dublin, Ireland, Manager of a Public
Company, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of January, in
the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Fottrell, Her special licence
that I, the said John Fottrell, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John Fottrell, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL STONE
PIPES AND TUBES, AND IN THE COATING OR LINING THEREOF, TO RENDER THEM
SUITABLE FOR THE CONDUIT OF ALKALINE LIQUIDS AND ACID PRODUCTS FROM
CHEMICAL, MANURE, AND GAS WORKS, FOR SEWAGE, SALINE LIQUIDS, AND GAS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Fottrell, .
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Fottrell, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
71
T
fon which

page_text: For the conduit of gas I line the interiors and ends with a coating of
silicate of soda in a crude state by painting such parts with a strong
solution of the substance, and allowing it to dry slowly. Any other
soluble silicate or aluminate may be employed, or a mixture of them,
or a combination of either or both with strong glue or othe gelatinous
body, or in alternate coatings with glue or similar substance.
For the conveyance of sewage the tubes or pipes should be smoothly
turned within, and when so arranged should be coated internally with
a thin but perfect layer of bitumen, laid on hot and diluted with some
oil in order to lower the fusing point, so as to ensure complete union
with the bitumen agglutinating the particles of stone.
For acids the mineral basis of the tubing, as described in my Letters
Patent, No. 3086, above referred to, is altered, and the natural bitu-
minous rock omitted from the composition, and one of the following
substitutes employed for the crushed limestone, viz.,-
a. Any sample of burnt clay or shale which is not acted on by an

page_text: Tubes intended for alkaline or saline liquids should be made of burnt
clay and bitumen, but pipes of the ordinary composition, described in
my former Patent, are likewise serviceable for the purpose.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Fottrell, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
J. F. GALLOYLY.
JNO. FOTTRELL. (L.S.)