IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO SCREW AND OTHER BOLTS, SPINDLES, AND SHAFTS, AND IN NUTS, KNOBS, OR HANDLES, AND FASTENERS SUITABLE TO BE USED WITH BOLTS, SPINDLES, OR SHAFTS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stephen Bourne, of Headstone Drive, Harrow,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO SCREW AND OTHER BOLTS, SPINDLES,
AND SHAFTS, AND IN NUTS, KNOBS, OR HANDLES, AND FASTENERS SUITABLE TO
BE USED WITH BOLTS, SPINDLES, OR SHAFTS."
Sealed the 16th May 1878, and dated the 20th November 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stephen Bourne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1872.
I, STEPHEN BOURNE, of Headstone Drive, Harrow, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO SCREW AND OTHER BOLTS, SPINDLES,
AND SHAFTS, AND IN NUTS, KNOBS, OR HANDLES, AND FASTENERS SUITABLE TO BE
USED WITH BOLTS, SPINDLES, OR SHAFTS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to form a bolt, spindle, or shaft and
nut, or equivalent to be used therewith, in such a manner that when
once fixed the same shall not be liable to start, and also to fix a knob or

page_text: handle, for instance, the ordinary door handle, upon a shaft or spindle,
in any position that may be required without danger of shifting, and
even when turned to the right or left or made to revolve.
In the one case, that of the bolt and nut, say the ordinary one used
for making the fish joint of a railway, besides the usual screw-thread 5
on the bolt turning from left to right, I form along the bolt another
thread or spiral groove turning from right to left, and use two nuts, one
for each thread, which when screwed tight home will; by acting in
opposite directions, mutually check any disposition from percussion,
vibration, or pressure to start or unwind. In order however to make 1
this more certain, I can lock the two nuts together in one or more of
the manners hereafter mentioned.
In like manner for a door handle I form on the spindle or shaft two
threads or grooves (or one of each) having different directions, and to
traverse in their corresponding nuts or rings with threads or pins in 1
them, so that to advance together they must be turned in opposite
directions at the same time, and when locked together any motion of
the one either backwards or forwards is rendered impossible by the
opposing force of the other.
This locking may be done either before or after the necessary position
is attained, and may be done in various ways. For superior nuts,
handles, and so forth, I would have the inner one slipped inside the
other before placing on the spindle bolt or shaft, and when so placed
they would separate from each other but by the application of the
fingers, spanners, or other means, it is quite practicable to turn the two 2
in opposite directions, and so propel them up or down the spiral grooves
or screw threads.
For another form, instead of having grooves or threads on the bolts
or spindles, I place one or more projecting pins or spiral projections,
making two cylinders, the one working within the other, and having
each a spiral channel or thread of opposite directions, which by revolving
in opposite directions present an opening or openings at the points at
which the spiral channels intersect each other, through which the pins
or projections protrude, and thus govern the position of the cylinders,
and consequently that of any handle, knob, or other body to which they
may be attached.

page_text: .
I do not confine the adaptation of this Invention to the cases men-
tioned; as I can use for other purposes the same method of forming two
threads or grooves of opposite directions (the one advancing from left
to right, the other from right to left) in the same bolt or spindle, and
also the method of two cylinders one over the other, having in them
spirals; slits, channels, or grooves, which necessarily are only open
together at certain points of intersection.
For the locking of the common nut, such as for railway purposes, I
simply form one or two tongues or slips of the metal on the side or sides
of the nut, which when the two are brought close together, may be
clenched in a similar manner to the turning of the point of a nail
which projects through the wood or other, substance.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Stephen Bourne in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th May 1878.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, STEPHEN
BOURNE, of Headstone Drive, Harrow, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Stephen Bourne, Her-special licence
that I, the said Stephen Bourne, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Stephen Bourne, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR APPLICABLE TO SCREW AND OTHER BOLTS, SPINDLES, AND SHAFTS, AND IN NUTS,
KNOBS, OR HANDLES, AND FASTENERS SUITABLE TO BE USED WITH BOLTS, SPINDLES,
OR SHAFTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said

page_text: Stephen Bourne, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Stephen Bourne, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
The object of this Invention is to form a bolt, spindle, or shaft, and
nuts, or equivalent to be used therewith, in such a manner that when
once fixed the same shall not be liable to start, and also to fix a knob
or handle, for instance, the ordinary door handle, upon a shaft or spindle
in any position that may be required without danger of shifting, even 1
when turned to the right or left or made to revolve.
In the one case, that of the bolt and nuts, say the ordinary ones used
for making the fish joint of a railway, besides the usual screw-thread
on the bolt turning from left to right, I form along the bolt another
thread or spiral groove turning from right to left, and use two nuts, one :
for each thread, the force of which when they are screwed tight home,
will by acting in opposite directions, mutually check any disposition from
percussion, vibration, or pressure to start or unwind. In order however
to make this more certain, I can lock the two nuts together in one or
more of the manners hereafter mentioned.
In like manner for a door handle I form on the spindle or shaft two
or more threads or grooves (or one of each) having different directions,
and to traverse in these grooves, corresponding nuts, rings, or collars,
with threads or pins in them, so that to advance or retreat together, or
to propel the spindle, they must be turned in opposite directions at the
same time, and when locked together any motion of the one either
backwards or forwards is rendered impossible by the opposing force of
the other.
"This locking may be done either before or after the necessary position
is attained, and may be effected in various ways. For superior nuts, a
handles, and so forth, I would have one slipped inside the groove of the
other before placing on the spindle, bolt, or shaft, and when so placed

page_text: and screwed up they cannot separate from each other nor move either
backwards or forwards, except when turned in opposite directions by the
application of the fingers, spanners, or other means to propel them
up or down the spiral grooves or screw-threads, as by referring to the
accompanying Drawings, and the description thereof herein-after con-
tained will fully appear.
For another form, instead of having grooves or threads on the bolts
or spindles, I fix on them one or more projecting pins or spiral pro-
jections, and place over the spindle two cylinders, the one working
within the other, each having a spiral channel slit or thread of opposite
directions, which by revolving the one within the other in opposite
directions present an opening or openings at the point or points at
which the spiral channels, slits, or threads intersect each other, through
which the pins or projections protrude, and thus govern the position of
the cylinders and consequently that of the spindle or any handle, knob,
or other body to which they may be attached.
I do not confine the adaptation of this Invention to the cases men-
tioned, as I can use for other purposes the same method of forming two
threads or grooves of opposite directions (the one advancing from left
to right, the other from right to left) in the same bolt or spindle, as also
the method of two cylinders one over the other, having in them spiral
slits, channels, or grooves, which necessarily are only open together at
the points of intersection.
For the locking of the common nuts, such as those for railway
purposes, I simply form one or more tongues or slips of the metal on
the side or sides, or corners of the nuts, which when the two nuts are
brought close together, may be clenched in a similar manner to the
turning of the point of a nail which projects through a piece of wood
or other substance.
Square and other non-threaded nuts may be locked by screw nuts or
by the cylinders aided by the locking arrangements.
In some cases the locking nuts can be provided with springs, or with
washers working between the two nuts so as to occupy any open space
between the nuts, which might give rise to play or shifting.
Also in some cases in lieu of cutting grooves or threads in the bolt, it
might be made square or hexagonal, and being twisted each side would

page_text: form à separate groove or channel on the projecting edges of which
another thread might be notched or cut.
Thus far I have particularly ascertained and described the nature of
the said Invention, and herein I have in general terms referred to and
described in what manner the same is to be performed or put in practice,
I will now therefore in compliance with the said condition contained
in the said Letters Patent, proceed more fully and particularly to describe
and ascertain in what manner the said Invention is to be performed or
put in practice by referring to the Drawings accompanying this Speci-
fication, as follows:-

page_text: work in thread A; D, internal thread of nut to work in thread B; E,
the clench tongues; F, the projections on under side of one of a pair of
nuts, such projections taking into a groove formed in a projecting part G
of another nut; H, a similar projection to F, but having the form of a
semicircle. It might however be rectangular or of other form, and
extend to half the perimeter. I denotes the spindle on which is a pro-
jecting pin K, taking in intersecting spiral channels or slits L formed in
the cylinders M and N.
In Fig. 12, on the spindle I, two intersecting channels or threads of
equal pitch are shown produced, into which nuts with internal pins or
projections a, a, take.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or
carried out in practice, I hereby declare that I claim the herein-described
Invention of "Improvements in or applicable to Screw and other Nuts,
Spindles, and Shafts, and in Nuts, Knobs, or Handles, and Fasteners
suitable to be used with Bolts, Spindles, or Shafts," the nature whereof
is described in and by the words contained in these Presents, which
precede the words "Description of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Stephen Bourne, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
25
Witness,
THOMAS MORGAN,
SN. BOURNE. (L.S.)
Secretary Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
21, Cockspur Street.