Improved Apparatus for Advertizing and like Purposes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 4th July, 1890-Accepted, 9th Aug., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Advertizing and like Purposes.
LIN ORME Scientific Apparatus Manufacturer No. 65 Barbican London E.C. do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
"
My invention consists in "Improved Apparatus for Advertizing and like Purposes
and relates to devices similar to those described in my application for Letters Patent
dated April 18th 1890, No. 5911, wherein I describe the circulation of a plain or
coloured liquid through devices constructed of glass tubing, or equivalent transparent
substance combined with metal, hydrostatic and pneumatic pressure being employed
to force a liquid or liquids interspersed with air bubbles in an upward direction
through the devices. The improvements now described consist:-
1st. In the employment of gravity or hydrostatic pressure only for circulating from
an elevated cistern the plain or coloured liquid through the transparent devices
beneath.
2nd. In the employment of a single or double acting pump or pumps actuated by
clockwork, or by any other equivalent suitable motor for circulating the plain or
coloured fluids through the transparent devices.
3rd. In improved apparatus for regulating the supply of air and liquid to devices
beneath the cistern.
4th. In casting, sand blasting or in like manner forming letters or other devices in
glass plate or other substance of like nature, the grooves or channels thus formed
being made liquid tight by securing a glass or other transparent plate over the
face.
5th. The formation of letters, monograms, or other equivalent devices and the ports
connecting same in rubber or equivalent compressible material clamped between a
transparent plate and a suitable backing, the fluids being circulated in a downward
direction.
6th. In the construction of devices suitable for illumination.
To make clear the construction and operation of my invention I will refer to the
accompanying drawing in which:
Fig. 1, is a front elevation part being in section of a transparent tubular device
supplied by downward flow.
Fig. 2, is a front elevation partly in section shewing method of circulating
multiple colours.
Fig. 3, is a front view partly in section shewing pumping device.
Fig. 4, is a sectional view of regulating valve.
Fig. 5, is a front elevation of grooved glass plate.
Fig. 6, is a section upon line A B, fig. 5.
Fig. 7, is a front elevation of devices constructed of rubber.
Fig. 8, is a section upon line A B fig. 7, but with one sheet of rubber.
Fig. 9, is a section upon line A B fig. 7, shewing the arrangement of ports when
double rubber is used.
Fig. 10, is a vertical sectional view of double action ram pump.
Fig. 11, is a front view of illuminated signboard.
Fig. 12, is a section upon line A B fig. 11.
In the drawing 1 figs. 1, 2, is the cistern or reservoir which is shewn in vertical
section and contains the plain or coloured liquid. 2, is a tube formed of glass or
metal, the upper end of this tube is open to the air above the liquid 3, contained in
he cistern. 4, is a hole through which the liquid enters the tube immediately above

page_text: the narrowed neck 2ª, the size of this hole is so adjusted as that the liquid entering
can only pass downward into the device 6, beneath in drops separated by air
bubbles 6, the air being drawn from above the liquid in the cistern. 5, is the
lower cistern. In devices constructed thus, I employ gravity or hydrostatic pressure
only, for circulating the liquid, which always flows in a downward direction through
the device or devices 6, connected to the tube 2, to the cistern beneath; from which
the upper reservoir is refilled by pumping or in any equivalent manner.
Several devices may be fed from one cistern, or various coloured liquids may be
circulated through the same or a series of devices see fig. 2, the cistern being divided
by partitions 1, each division having a circulating tube 2, similar to that described
under fig. 1, to which the respective devices, letters or equivalent are connected.
In some cases I find it convenient to dispense with the upper cistern and employ a
single or double acting pump see fig. 3, which may be actuated by clockwork or
an electro motor or equivalent.
In the drawing I have shewn a small single acting pump of special construction
suited to my purpose: 11, is the barrel at the base of which is a foot valve 12.
13, is the suction pipe which dips beneath the liquid 3, in cistern 5. 14, is the bucket
having a valve 15, upon its upper side. 16, is a small air valve opening inwards.
10, the delivery pipe to the device 6, and 101, the exhaust pipe to cistern. 17, is the
pump rod which is coupled by a connecting rod 18, to a crank or equivalent
device 19, capable of imparting to it a short reciprocating motion. A check valve 1.6ª,
may with advantage be inserted in delivery pipe.
The operation of this part of my invention is as follows:
Plain or coloured liquid is poured into the cistern 5, and the driving mechanism
started. During the downward stroke a small quantity of air is admitted to the
cylinder by the valve 16, which during the upward stroke is forced in front of the
liquid resting upon the bucket valve 15, into the device 6, a series of elongated drops
of liquid interspersed with air bubbles are thus circulated through the tubes or
grooved channels replacing them to the lower cistern in which the air escapes. In
fig 10, I have shewn two ram pumps so arranged as that liquid and air are alternately
forced into the device. The air is supplied by the barrel a, and the liquid by the
barrel b, alternate motion may be obtained by a beam 27 and crank or equivalent.
In order to regulate the flow of liquid to the transparent devices, I sometimes
employ the valve shewn in fig. 4; this consists of a metallic seating 20, having a
screwed nozzle 21, a vertical slit or slits 22, is formed in one or both sides of the
nozzle and over this is screwed a cap 23, into which is fitted a tube 24, having a vent
hole 4, above the liquid 3, in the cistern 1, or the top of the tube 24, may be left open,
a pin 25 passes through the top of the tube. The operation of this regulating valve is
as follows: When out of action the cap 23, is screwed down upon the face of the
seating 20, and forms a stop valve; on turning back the cap 23, by means of the
pin 25, or its equivalent attached to the tube 24, the liquid enters the slit or slits 22,
and air by the hole 4. The flow of air and liquid is thereby regulated to the device
or devices beneath.
For signboards or similar devices I prefer to employ a thick glass plate 7. See
figs 5 and 6. The letters or other devices employed are cast therein and the ports 8,
connecting the same are cored or they may be drilled. Sand blast may also be
employed to form the grooves or channels constituting the letters or other devices as
well as the ports; a glass or other transparent plate 9, being cemented or secured in
any other suitable manner such as by screwing or clamping over the face of the
plate 7. In the drawing the transparent plate 9, is shewn cemented to that upon
which the devices are formed; and for this purpose red or white lead or both, or any
equivalent fluid resisting cement, may be employed; the liquid or liquids are supplied
to the devices constructed as described through tubes 10, 10' connecting the cisterns
therewith.
In some cases I construct the letters or equivalent forming the advertizing device
of sheet rubber or equivalent compressible material see figs 7, 8, 9. The letters or

page_text: other devices are punched out of sheet rubber 11ª, ports 8, being formed in the same
manner and hidden under the frame or by painting the surface of the glass cover.
Sometimes I form the ports 8, in a second sheet of rubber 11, see fig. 9.
The rubber sheet or sheets as the case may be are clamped between the opaque or
transparent backing 12", and a transparent glass or other covering plate 9, and the
whole enclosed in a case 13.
Connecting pipes are mounted upon the back of the case into which the pipes
leading to and from the supply cistern are screwed or otherwise secured. The
rubber may be replaced by oil-cloth or any other material unaffected by the fluids
used for circulating.
To enable advertizing devices constructed as described to be illuminated by daylight
or artificially, I employ the arrangement shewn in figs 11, 12. The letters or
equivalent devices may be stamped out of a metal, canvas, rubber, or other sheet, or
plain glass may be used, so painted or covered with paper or similar material as to
leave the letters or devices transparent. Behind the devices thus formed are a series
of tubes 112, or these may be replaced by a transparent plate the grooves in which are
formed as already described. Liquids of various colours may be circulated or pumped
through the tubes or channels thus formed. Daylight or any suitable form of artificial
light is so admitted as to illuminate devices constructed thus; for instance a row of
gas jets, a lamp, or equivalent, may be placed behind the device.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. The circulation by gravity or hydrostatic pressure only, of a plain or coloured
liquid interspersed by air bubbles through tubular or other transparent or semi
transparent advertizing devices from a cistern above the device, to one beneath; by
the means and for the purposes described.
2nd. The combination in or with the upper cistern supplying transparent or semi
transparent tubular or other devices of the tube 2, fixed therein, having its upper end
open to the air above the contained liquid, for admitting by means of the hole 4,
liquid interspersed by air bubbles to the devices beneath in the way and manner
described.
3rd. The construction of transparent or semi transparent advertizing devices by
casting or sand blasting the letters, figures, or equivalent with their connecting
ports, in glass or the like material, a transparent plate being cemented or otherwise
secured upon its face as set forth.
4th. The use and employment of one or more than one sheet of india rubber or
equivalent compressable substance, out of which the letters, figures or other devices
as well as the ports are cut or punched, the circulation of the plain or coloured liquid
therethrough; and between a glazed cover and transparent or opaque backing as
described.
5th. The particular construction and use of the regulating valve described under
fig. 4, with tubular or other transparent or semi transparent devices operated in the
manner described.
6th. The particular construction and use in or with tubular or other transparent or
semi transparent advertizing devices of a single or double acting pump actuated by
clockwork, an electro motor, or equivalent means, for forcing the plain or coloured
liquid interspersed with air bubbles through the same in the way and manner
described.
7th. In a single or double acting pump employed for circulating the plain or
coloured liquids through tubular or other advertizing devices the construction and
use of the air valve 16, operating there with for the purposes set forth.
8th. The alternate pumping device described under fig. 10, for circulating air and
liquid through tubular or other transparent or semi transparent advertizing devices
in the manner described.

page_text: 9th. The particular construction of tubular or other transparent advertizing devices
described under figs. 11, 12 for enabling daylight or any artificial light, to be
transmitted through them...