IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES."
A communication from abroad by Charles Albert Hussey and Amzi Smith
Dodd, both of the City and State of New York, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1882.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co. Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING DYNAMO-
ELECTRIC MACHINES." [A communication from abroad by Charles Albert Hussey
and Amzi Smith Dodd both of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.]
This Invention relates to dynamo-electric machines.
It is known that in these machines as ordinarily constructed, only those coils of
wire which are passing between the poles or consequent points of the field-magnets
are effective in producing currents of electricity, and that the other coils of the
armature are for the time rather detrimental than otherwise because they offer a
resistance to the passage of the current of electricity produced.
One object of the present improvements is to effectually obviate this defect and
to this end the said improvements consist in the combination in a dynamo-electric
machine, of a field magnet and an armature severally having cores composed of
arc-shaped portions wound with wire, intervening arc-shaped portions, and radial
portions connecting the two series of arc-shaped portions; the radial portions of
both the field-magnet and armature forming poles, polar extensions, or consequent
points, and extending towards each other.. The field-magnet core will preferably
be made of one integral piece of metal and the armature-core of many thin
pieces of metal. The field-magnet. described is of itself considered an important
improvement.

page_text: a motor.
Another object of my improvements is to provide a dynamo-electric machine
which may be used to produce an alternate current or currents of electricity or to
produce a direct electric current, and which, moreover will be susceptible of use as
To this end the said improvements further consist in the combination
with a field magnet and armature, of means whereby a current of electricity may
be made to traverse the coils of the field-magnet from a source outside of the
machine and the circuit between the coils of wire of the field magnet and the coils
of wire of the armature may be severed to cause the machine to produce an
alternate current or currents of electricity or whereby the supply of electricity to
the coils of the field magnet from the outside source may be cut off and the circuit
established between the coils of the field magnet and the coils of the armature to
cause the machine to produce a direct current of electricity. The means employed
for this purpose preferably consist of switches of suitable kind.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I provide a field-magnet, the core of
which may be made of cast iron, wrought iron, or other suitable material and is
preferably constructed of one integral piece of such material or it may be composed
of a number of coincident arc-shaped portions of large radii, a number of intervening
coincident arc-shaped portions of smaller radii, and approximately radial portions
connecting the arc-shaped portions of large radii with the intervening arc-shaped
portions of smaller radii. Coils of insulated wire are wound around the arc-shaped
portions of large radii between the said radial portions and preferably they are
coincident with the inner surface of the said arc-shaped portions of smaller radii.
These coils may be all wound in one and the same direction, but they will then be
connected together so that the electric current which is supplied to them will
traverse alternate coils in the reverse direction. The outer end of the first coil is
connected to the outer end of the second coil and the inner end of the second coil
is connected to the inner end of the third coil. The outer end of the third coil is
connected to the outer end of the fourth coil and so on. Wires extend from the
inner ends of the first and last coils to binding posts which are mounted on
suitable standards whereby the field-magnet is supported.
As the coils are
severally wound from corresponding starting points and terminate at corresponding
points it is obvious that by connecting them in the manner just described the
electric current will be caused to traverse them in the desired manner.
The supporting standards are erected on a base piece and are secured to the core
of the field magnets between certain of the coils of wire which are wound thereon.
The said binding posts are insulated from the said standards by gaskets of hard
india-rubber or other suitable material. The several arc-shaped portions wound
with the coils of wire and the said contiguous radial portions may be regarded as
constituting a number of electro-magnets having the ends or poles turned inwards,
and owing to their coils being. so connected that the current of electricity will
traverse adjacent coils in reverse directions, such magnets have their poles of like
name in proximity to each other. The arc-shaped portions of smaller radii of the
field-magnet core may be regarded as connections between the poles of like name
of the different. electro-magnets. The radial projections would then however be
more properly regarded as extensions of poles or consequent points formed on the
ring. The current of electricity magnetizing the field magnet will pass to the
coils of the field magnet by one of the wires and from them by the other wire.
Obviously the coils of wire of the field magnet can be wound and connected
differently to cause the electric current to traverse them alternately in reverse
directions.
The armature of the machine and motor is composed of a number of coincident
arc-shaped portions of short radii, a number of coincident arc-shaped portions of
longer radii and of approximately radial portions connecting the arc-shaped portions
of short radii with the intervening arc-shaped portions of longer radii. Coils of
insulated wire are wound around the arc-shaped portions of short radii, between
the said radial connecting portions. They are all wound in the same direction
and start and end at corresponding points.

page_text: The first coil has its outer end connected with the outer end of the second coil,
the second coil has its inner end connected to the inner end of the third coil, the
outer end of the third coil is connected with the outer end of the fourth coil and
so on, are the several coils connected around the arınature.
The armature may
therefore be regarded as composed of a number of electro-magnets having their
ends or poles extended outwards and arranged with their poles of like name in
proximity to each other. The arc-shaped portions of longer radii of the armature
core may then be regarded as connections between the ends or poles of such
magnets. Of course in the operation of the armature the polarity of these magnets
will constantly change. Insulated wires extend one from the inner end of the first
coil to a metallic ring mounted on the shaft of the armature, and the other from
the inner end of the last coil to a second metallic ring which is also mounted on
the said shaft. These two rings are insulated from each other and from the said
shaft by gaskets of hard india-rubber or other suitable material. In electrical
communication with these rings are two metallic brushes which are supported in
metallic posts mounted in one of two spiders attached to the field magnet core, and
furnished with bearings for the journals of the said armature shaft. Wires extend
beyond the said rings one to each of two metallic plates of a commutator which is
also mounted on the said armature-shaft. The two plates of this armature consist
of bands provided with a number of strips or fingers, and the fingers of one strip
extend between those of the other strip. These plates are not, however in electrical
contact but are insulated from each other by means of a cylinder of hard rubber or
other suitable material to which they are fastened. The whole commutator is also
insulated by this cylinder from the said rings and likewise from the said armature-
shaft. The strips or fingers of each commutator plate equal in number, and
correspond to one-half of the coils of wire of the armature.
Metallic brushes are so adjusted as to cause them to bear on the said
commutator.
The armature-core, instead of being made of one integral piece like the core of
the field magnet, is preferably composed of a number of very thin plates of
wrought iron or other suitable material. These plates may be secured together by
means of bolts extending through them, or in any other suitable manner. The
armature core has fitted between certain of its said radial portions, the ends of
spiders which fit upon, and are rigidly secured to the said armature shaft. By
making the core of the field magnet of one integral piece of metal and the core of
the armature of a large number of pieces, the latter will magnetize and demag-
netize much more rapidly than the former and this is very desirable where the
current of electricity for the field-magnet is to be supplied from the armature
because then the field magnet core will have some residual magnetism sufficient to
produce an initial current of electricity in the armature coils.
Not only do the poles of the field-magnet and armature extend toward each
other but they and the coils correspond in number. The armature when rotated,
travels before, and in close proximity to, the poles and the whole length of the field
magnet and hence through the entire field of force. It may be driven by a belt
applied to a pulley mounted on its shaft.
As the poles or polar projections and coils of wire of the field magnet and
armature correspond in number, all the coils of wire are simultaneously passing
between the poles or polar extensions of the field magnets and hence are always
effective.
My Invention may be adapted to produce an alternate current or currents, or a
direct current, at the pleasure of the user in the following manner-From the
brushes, wires extend to switches which control communication between these
wires and other wires which lead to binding posts. From the other binding-posts
wires extend to other switches one of which controls communication between one
wire, and a wire leading to one brush when it is adjusted in a certain position to
bear on the commutator, one switch controls communication between one wire
and a wire which leads to a binding post. A wire leads from the other brush

page_text: when it is in a certain position, to a binding post. Wires lead to one set of binding
posts, and other wires lead from the other binding-posts. The last named wires
may be regarded as an outside circuit in contra-distinction to the machine circuit.
When one set of switches are closed and the other switches are open the coils of
the armature are in circuit with the coils of the field-magnet and the electric
currents generated in the armature will be directed by the commutator and
after passing through the coils of the field magnet, may be conducted off by the
wires.
If, instead of applying power to the armature for the purpose of rotating it, a
current of electricity is supplied from an outside source along the wire the machine
will operate as a motor.
To adapt the machine to produce an alternate current or currents it is only
necessary to shift the brushes out of contact with the commutator and into contact
with rings open; one set of the switches close the other switches and to supply a
current of electricity to the wires for traversing the coils of the field magnet. The
commutator will then be rendered inoperative and the alternate electric current or
currents will be conducted from the armature by the rings, brushes, and other
parts.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th July 1882.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO DYNAMO-
ELECTRIC MACHINES." A communication from abroad by Charles Albert Hussey.
and Amzi Smith Dodd both of the City, and State of New York, United States of
America.
It is known that in dynamo electric machines as ordinarily constructed only
those coils of wire which are passing between the poles or consequent points of
the field-magnets are effective in producing currents of electricity and that the
other coils of the armature, are, for the time, rather detrimental than otherwise
because they offer a resistance to the passage of the current of electricity
produced.
One object of the present improvements is to effectually obviate this defect and
to this end the said improvements partly consist in the combination in a dynamo-
electric machine, of a field magnet and an armature severally having cores composed
of arc-shaped portions wound with wire, intervening arc-shaped portions and radial
portions connecting the two series of arc-shaped portions; the radial portions of
both the field magnet and armature forming poles, polar extensions or consequent
points, and extending towards each other. The field magnet core is preferably:
made of one integral piece of metal and the armature core of many thin pieces
of metal. The field magnet described is of itself considered an important
improvement.
Another object of my improvements is to provide a machine which will produce
either alternating or direct currents of electricity, and which, moreover, will be
applicable for use as a motor. For this purpose, I provide in combination with a
field magnet and armature, means whereby a current of electricity may be made
to traverse the coils of the field-magnet from a source outside of the machine, then
by severing the connection between the coils of the field-magnet and the coils of
the armature the machine is made to produce an alternating current or currents of
electricity, but if the supply of electricity from the outside source be cut off and
the circuit established between the coils of the field-magnet and the coils of the
armature the machine will produce a direct current of electricity. The means
employed for this purpose preferably consist of switches of suitable kind.
In the accompanying Drawing
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation at right angles to the axis of a dynamo electrio
machine and motor embodying the said improvements.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same; and
Figure 3 is a diagram illustrative thereof.
Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the Drawing.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I provide a field-magnet A the core
of which may be made of cast or wrought iron or other suitable material and is
preferably constructed of one integral piece of such material. As here shown it is
composed of a number of corresponding arc-shaped portions a of large radii, a
number of intervening corresponding arc-shaped portions a' of smaller radii and
approximate radial portions a³ connecting the arc-shaped portions a with the
intervening aro-shaped portions a¹. Coils of insulated wire are wound around the
arc-shaped portions a between the radial portions a² and preferably they are
coincident with the inner surface of the said arc-shaped portions a' as shown in

page_text: Figure 1. These coils may be all wound in one and the same direction as repre-
sented in Figures 1 and 2 but they will then be connected together so that the
electric current which is supplied to them will traverse alternate coils in the same
direction; it will be observed that the outer end of coil b' is connected to the
outer end of the next coil b2 that the inner end of coil 62 is connected to the inner
end of coil bs that the outer end of the coil 63 is connected to the outer end of the
coil b and so on until the outer end of the coil 619 is connected to the outer end of
coil 620 Wires b extend from the inner ends of the coils 61 and 620 to binding
posts B. B which are mounted on suitable standards B¹. B' on which the field
magnet is also supported. As the coils are severally wound from corresponding
starting points and terminate at corresponding points it is obvious that by con-
necting them in the manner just described the electric current will be caused to
traverse them in the desired manner.
The standards B¹ B' are erected on a base piece B² and are secured to the core
of the field magnet between certain of the coils of wire which are wound thereon.
The binding posts B B are insulated from the standards by gaskets of hard india
rubber or other suitable material. The several arc-shaped portions a wound with
wire and the contiguous radial portions a² may be regarded as a number of electro-
magnets having their ends or poles turned inwards, and owing to their coils being
so connected that the current of electricity will traverse adjacent coils in a reverse
direction such magnets have their poles of like name in proximity to each other.
The arc-shaped portions a¹ of the field magnet core may be regarded as connections
between the poles of like name of the different electro-magnets. The radial
projections would then, however, be more properly regarded as extensions of poles
or consequent points formed on the ring. The current of electricity magnetizing
the field magnet would pass to the coils of the same by one of the wires b and
from them by the other wire b. Obviously the coils of wire of the field. magnet
can be wound and connected differently to cause the electric current to traverse
them alternately in reverse directions.
The armature C of the machine and motor is composed of a number of corre-
sponding arc-shaped portions c of short radii, a number of corresponding arc-shaped
portions c¹ of longer radii and of approximate radial portions c² connecting the
arc-shaped portions c with the intervening arc-shaped portion c². Coils of
insulated wire are wound around the arc-shaped portions c between the said
radial portions c³. They are all wound in the same direction and start and end at
corresponding points.
The coil d has its outer end connected with the outer end of the adjacent
coil d the coil d has its inner end connected to the inner end of the coil d³
the outer end of the coil d³ is connected with the outer end of the
coil d and so on until the outer end of the coil d¹ is connected to the outer end
of coil do. The armature may, therefore be regarded as composed of a number of
electro-magnets having their ends or poles extended outward and arranged with
the poles of like name in proximity to each other, the arc-shaped portions c¹ of the
armature core may then be regarded as connections between the ends or poles of
such magnets. In the operation of the armature the polarity of these magnets
will constantly change. Insulated wires d extend, one from the inner end of the
coil d¹ to a metallic ring D and the other from the inner end of the coil d20 to a
metallic ring D' both of which rings are mounted on the shaft C₁, but insulated
from it and also from each other by gaskets of hard india rubber or other suitable
material. In electrical communication with these rings are two metallic brushes
E' E supported in metallic posts F F projecting from one of two spiders G attached
to the field magnet core, and furnished with bearings for the journals of the
armature-shaft C. The wires d extend beyond the rings D D¹ one to each of two
metallic plates of a commutator H which is also mounted on the armature shaft C'.
The two plates of this armature consist of bands provided with a number of strips
or fingers, and the fingers of one strip extend between those of the other strip.
These plates are not, however, in electrical contact but are insulated from each

page_text: other and also from the shaft C' and rings D D¹ by means of. a cylinder of hard
india rubber or other suitable material to which they are fastened. The strips or
fingers of each commutator plate equal in number and correspond to one-half of
the coils of wire of the armature.
JJ show the positions into which the metallic brushes E E¹ are placed to cause
them to bear upon the commutator H.
The armature core instead of being made of one integral piece like the core of
the field magnet is preferably composed of a number of very thin plates of wrought
iron or other suitable material. These plates may be secured together by means
of bolts extending through them or in any other suitable manner. The armature
core has fitted between certain of its radial portions c² the ends of spiders I which
fit upon and are rigidly secured to the armature shaft C. By making the core of
the field magnet of one integral piece of metal and the core of the armature of a
large number of pieces the latter will magnetize and demagnetize much more
rapidly than the former and this is very desirable where the current of electricity
for the field magnet is to be supplied from the armature because then the field magnet
core will contain sufficient residual magnetism to produce an initial current of
electricity in the armature coils.
It will be observed that not only do the poles of the field magnet and armature
extend toward each other but they have a corresponding number of coils.
The
armature is rotated before and in close proximity to the poles of the field magnet
and hence through the entire field of force. It may be driven by a belt applied to
a pulley C mounted on its shaft.
As the poles or polar projections and coils of wire of the field magnet and
armature correspond in number all the coils of wire are simultaneously passing
between the poles or polar extensions of the field magnets, and hence are always
effective.
The manner in which the machine may be adapted to produce an alternating
current or currents, or a direct current at the pleasure of the user, is as follows:-
Referring to the diagrams but particularly to Figure 3 it will be observed that,
from the brushes E E' wires e e¹ extend to switches K K' which control communi-
cation between these wires e e¹ and wires f f¹ which lead to binding posts L L¹:
From the binding posts B B wires g g¹ extend to switches M M', the switch M.
controls communication between the wire g and a wire h which leads to the
brush E when it is adjusted in position as indicated by J to bear on the
commutator H the other switch M' controls communication between the wire g¹
and a wire which leades to the binding post L'. A wire ; leads from the brush E¹
when it is in the position indicated, by. J¹ to the binding post L. Wires N lead to
the binding posts B B and wires O lead from the binding posts L L'. The wires
00 may be regarded as an outside circuit in contradistinction to the machine
circuit. When one set of switches M M¹ are closed and the other set K K¹ are
open as shown in Figure 3 the coils of the armature are in circuit with the coils of
the field magnet and the electric currents generated in the armature will be
directed by the commutator and after passing through the coils of the field magnet
may be conducted off by the wires O O. If instead of applying power to the
armature for the purpose of rotating it a current of electricity be supplied
from an outside source through the wires 0 0, the machine will operate as a
motor.
To adapt the machine to produce an alternating current or currents it is only
necessary to shift the brushes E E¹ out of contact. with the commutator H and into
contact with the rings D D' open the switches M M¹ close the switches K K' as
shown in Figures 1 and 2 and through the wires N N to supply a current of
electricity to traverse the coils of the field magnet. The commutator will then be
rendered inoperative and the alternating electric current or currents will be
conducted from the armature by the rings D D¹ brushes E E¹ wires e e¹ switches
K K' and wires ff' to the binding posts L L¹ and wires O O.

page_text: Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim.
First. The combination, in a dynamo-electric machine, of a field magnet and
an armature severally having cores composed of arc-shaped portions wound with
wire, intervening arc-shaped portions, and radial portions connecting the two
series of arc-shaped portions, the radial portions of both the field-magnet and
armature forming poles, polar extensions, or consequent points and extending
towards each other, substantially as, and for the purpose specified.
Second. A field magnet for a dynamo-electric machine, having a core composed
of arc-shaped portions wound with coils of wire, intervening arc-shaped portions of
shorter radii, and radial portions which connect the two series of arc-shaped
portions, substantially as specified.
Third. The combination, in a dynamo-electric machine, of a field-magnet
having a core made of one integral piece of metal, and an armature having a core
composed of a number of pieces or plates of metal, both cores having a corre-
sponding number of arc-shaped portions wound with wire, from which extend
radial portions forming poles, polar extensions, or consequent points, substantially
as specified.
Fourth. The combination, with a field magnet and armature in a dynamo-
electric machine, of means, substantially as described, whereby a current of
electricity may be made to traverse the coils of the field-magnet from a source
outside the machine, and the circuit between the coils of the field magnet and the
coils of the armature may be severed to cause the machine to produce an alternating
current or currents, or whereby the supply of electricity to the coils of the field-
magnet from an outside source may be cut off and the circuit established between
the coils of the field-magnet, and the coils of the armature to cause the machine to
produce a direct current of electricity, substantially as specified.
Fifth. The combination, with a dynamo-electric machine and an outside
circuit of wires N communicating with the wires b, of the field-magnet, the
wires d, d, of the armature, the rings D D', the brushes E. E', the wires e e', the
switches K K¹, controlling communication between the wires e e', and the outside
circuit, the commutator H, to which the wires d d of the armature also lead, the
wires gh, the switch M, the wire j, the wire g¹, the switch M', and the wire i,
substantially as, and for the purpose, specified.
In witness whereof I the said William Robert Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Fifteenth day of July in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
$17M DADT TATE