IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPB."
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and
Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire
of France, and 10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUMPB."-A communication from Philippe Trichet, residing at
Nieuil, in the Empire of France, aforesaid.
Sealed the 23rd March 1869, and dated the 9th October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Adrien Bonne-
ville at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th October 1868.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 10,
Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUMPS," a communication from Philippe Trichet, a person resident at
Nieuil, in the Empire of France, aforesaid, to be as follows:-

page_text: depth, and the usual valves done away with. These improvements
consist in actuating, in two tubes or conduits, the one answering the
purpose of a guide, and the other for the ascent of the water, several
pistons which in their upward movement suck the water after them to
the upper orifice of the tube or conduit. The tubes or conduits are fixed
in a convenient frame, their lower orifices reaching beneath the surface
of the water, and their upper ones above the ground; and the pistons
are fixed at a distance of thirty feet at most from one another on an
endless band or chain passing with the pistons through the tubes or
conduits, and around pulleys mounted at top and at bottom of the frame,
one of these pulleys, the upper one, imparting motion to the band or
chain by means of its shaft furnished with a handle or connected by a
pulley and strap to any sort of motive power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th April 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18,
Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 10, Sackville
Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send
greeting.
Queen
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second 1 year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, Her special license
that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PUMPS," a communication from Philippe Trichet, a person resident at
Nieuil, in the Empire of France, aforesaid, upon the condition (amongst

page_text: others) that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The Invention communicated to me relates to certain improvements
in pumps, by means of which water may be sucked and lifted up at any
depth, and the usual valves done away with. These improvements
consist in actuating in two tubes or conduits, the one answering the
purpose of a guide, and the other for the ascent of the water, several
pistons which in their upward movement suck and lift the water after
them to the upper orifice of the tube or conduit. The tubes or conduits
are fixed in a convenient frame, their lower orifices reaching beneath
the surface of the water and their upper ones above the ground, and
the pistons are fixed at a distance of thirty feet at most from one
another on an endless band or chain passing with the pistons through
the tubes or conduits and around pulleys mounted at top and at bottom
of the frame, one of these pulleys, the upper one, imparting motion to
the band or chain by means of its shaft furnished with a handle or con-
nected by a pulley and strap to any sort of motive power. This pump
is represented in its entirety and details in the accompanying Sheets of
Drawings.
This pump, which I call orthodynamical, the rotation of which is
direct, and which belongs to that class of pumps called chain pumps, is
at once a sucking and a lifting pump. Considered in its most simple
stafe, and not having to lift vertically water over twenty metres high;
this pump, Sheet 1, Fig. 1, is composed of a pulley or wheel A, of a
tube M traversed by an endless chain m, m, to which are attached four
pistons E, F, G, H, so as to be able to pass round the pulley A. When
this pump is required to lift water above the said height of twenty
metres, the number of necessary pistons should be augmented accord-

page_text: ingly, so that not more than ten metres elapse between each piston as
is set forth in the course of this Specification.
The construction of the said orthodynamical pump will be varied by
reason of the following considerations;―
1. According as it may be required to fetch the water at little or at
great depths.
2. According as it may be required to remain stationary or to be
portable.
The pulley or wheel A, the tube M, and the pistons E, F, G, H,
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, are the essential organs which enter into the construction
of the orthodynamical pump; they should be disposed as explained in
this Specification in suchwise as to be able to fulfil respectively the
following indications:-
1. The pulley or wheel A should be disposed in suchwise that the
claim m, m, Fig. 1, Sheet 1, which passes round its circumference may
find, when passing thereon, a suitable adherence.
2. The chain m, m, should be constructed in such a manner that
when passing round the circumference of the wheel A it may find
thereon such adherence that it be able to carry away the pistons what-
ever may be the load of the column of water.
3. The pistons E, F, G, H, Fig. 1, Sheet 1, should be so constructed
as to be able to pass freely round the circumference of the wheel A
without their packing being injured by the chain m, m, m, m, to which
they are fixed. The packing of the pistons E, F, G, H, should be made
in such a manner as to close air-tight the space in the tube M even
when the pump works at a very low speed. The said packing should
be self-acting and easily replaceable, so that the pump may be kept con-
stantly in good working order.
With reference to the tube M, Fig. 1, Sheet 1, which is the pump
barrel, it may be round, square, or polygonal, or of any other suitable
shape. It should be so disposed as to allow of its being lengthened or
shortened at will, as set forth in the ensuing Specification. It is
evident that the shape of the pistons will be varied according to the
shape of the tubes.
If up to the present time chain pumps, by lifting water to an
inconsiderable height, have been found to be of little service, it arises
from the fact that hitherto they have been merely constructed as

page_text: lifting pumps, and that in constructing them it had not been con-
sidered how important a part suction might be called upon to perform
in their economy.
It is for this reason, namely, that the chain pump
has so far been looked upon as a mere lifting pump, it is for this reason
that Belidor and all other authors and constructors who have treated
the question have assimilated the chain pump with the noria, and
have admitted a vertical and an inclined chain pump; so that Belidor
was led to set down as a fact (an opinion which has yet never been
contradicted), namely, that the chain pump in order to produce its
maximum effect ought to be so constructed that the pallets or discs
which enter into its construction should be as near one another as
possible. Belidor sees no limit to the nearness of the pallets of
the chain beyond a space between them sufficient to allow them
to pass round the wheel.
The orthodynamical pump is a sucking
and lifting chain pump, in the construction of which the discs
or pallets are replaced by pistons which may effect a vacuum
behind them, even when working at a very low speed, and thus
lift water to a very considerable height, provided the power which
actuates the apparatus and the materials which enter into its com-
position are in relation with the height of the column of water to
be lifted. If the pistons in the orthodynamical pump were at
more than ten metres distant from one another the pump could only
lift water by being worked at a very high speed. It is evident that
the number of these pistons may be augmented at will. It will
always prove advantageous when constructing the orthodynamical
pump to establish a pulley or wheel B at the lower part of the
apparatus, Fig. 1, Sheet 1; this disposition will be found indispensable
when the orthodynamical pump is to serve as a portable exhausting
pump or water engine, and consequently will have to be able to
work, if needs be, in a more or less inclined position.
If the pump
is to be a portable one the tube M and the pulleys A, B, Fig. 1,
Sheet 2, shall be fixed to a frame forming a whole, which may
be put to pieces at will so as to facilitate the portableness of the
apparatus. It is evident that this said frame may be constructed in
different ways; it will be found advantageous however to construct
the same as set forth in the present Specification. It is equally
evident that the pistons which enter into the construction of the
orthodynamical pump may be constructed in different ways, never-
theless it will be found advantageous to construct them as set forth

page_text: in the present Specification. The principle upon which is based the
construction of the orthodynamical pump will allow of fulfilling this
indication, which in this sort of pump may at first sight seem
improbable, namely, the lifting of water to the greatest heights,
whilst the tube M, Fig. 1, Sheet 1, which answers as pump barrel,
and against the walls of which the pistons rub, are of little length.
Thus, in the orthodynamical pump the pump barrel in which the pistons
work, measuring only one metre in length, will allow of lifting
the water to any height whatsoever, as will be set forth in the
present Specification, Fig. 2, Sheet 1. It will be shown that in
constructing the said orthodynamical pump, although any sort of
chain, strap, cable, or cord may be used, yet it is preferable to make
use of the chain, the description of which will be given in the
course of this Specification; this chain, which gears into the ordinary
gearing, has all the advantages without the inconveniences of a gear-
ing chain. By utilizing the principle upon which is based the invention
of the said chain, straps, cables, or cords may be constructed which
may gear in without sliding, as set forth in the present Specification.
The chain and the straps, cables, or cords constructed according to
the system in question, besides the application which they meet with
in the construction of the orthodynamical pump may be used in a great
number of circumstances to utilize mechanical forces, notably in the
working of mines.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, represents the orthodynamical pump viewed laterally
and in elevation in its most simple state. The wall of the pump
barrel M is in section to show the interior of the pump; A, pulley;
R', upper orifice of the pump through which flows the water; m, m, m, m,
chain constructed as described for the Fig. 1, Sheet 2; E, F, G, H,
pistons constructed as explained in the present Specification; M, pump
barrel; B, lower portion of the pump, where it will be advantageous to
place a pulley, as indicated in dotted lines.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, represents a side elevation of the pump. The
reservoir or tube M¹ and the pump barrel are viewed in section
lengthwise. This Fig. 2 shows that the orthodynamical pump may
with a pump barrel M of a limited length lift water to any height
'A, pulley or wheel; R¹, orifice through which flows the water; m¹, m¹,
m, m, chain, with which are connected the pistons I, J, K, E, G, F:

page_text: M', tube or reservoir in which accumulates the water fed by the pump
barrel M; B, lower pulley.
vacuum
By examining the Figs. 1 and 2 Sheet 1, it will readily be seen
how the orthodynamical pump works. The pump plunging until level
with the line a, b, and the pulley A being actuated in the direction
of the arrows, the pistons are set going by means of the endless
chain m, m, m, m, in the following manner:-The piston E, Fig. 1,
and the piston G, Fig. 2, working in the pump barrel M, lift
before them a small quantity of water by effecting a void or vacuum
behind them; they thus carry away a column of water, which being
propelled by the atmospheric pressure may be lifted to ten metres
in height. The piston H, Fig. 1, and the piston F, Fig. 2, in their
turn engage in the pump barrel M, effecting a void or
behind them, and on rising sustain and propel the column of water
which is carried away by the piston E, Fig. 1, and the piston G,
Fig. 2. The water thus carried away and propelled reaches the upper
portion of the pump at R¹. It is evident that if the pump is thus
kept working, and the pistons kept following in the course of the
first, a continuous jet of water R' will flow, provided not more than
ten metres exist between each of the pistons. In the pump, Fig. 2,
Sheet 1, the water only reaches R' if allowed to accumulate in the
tube or reservoir M'; in order to obtain this result the pistons must
be connected with the chain m¹, m', m, m, at a distance from one
another lesser than the length of the pump barrel M, so that one
of the pistons may be constantly engaged in the pump barrel .M;
thus, if the pump barrel M measures only one metre in length it is
evident that the pistons would have to be connected with the chain at
less than one metre from one another. When the orthodynamical
pump shall be disposed as represented in Fig. 2, Sheet 1, it will
be found advantageous as regards the construction to have the
diameter of the tube or reservoir M' about the same as that of the pump
barrel M.
Fig. 3, Sheet 1, represents a front elevation of the axis d¹ or internal
frame of a piston; this axis d' is formed by an elbowed link viewed in
profile, Fig. 4, Sheet 1. e, e, openings to receive a chain; s, s, s, rigid
support for sustaining the flexible packing which enters into the con-
struction of a piston. This support s, s, s, is linked with the link d¹
by a bolt v, which traverses the said link d¹; this bolt is shown in

page_text: dotted lines in the Figure. r, r, plate which forms the basis of a piston;
this plate r, r, is traversed by the link d', to which it is fixed, as set
forth by the Figs. 5 and 6, Sheet 1. This plate r, r, is viewed in plane,
Fig. 8, Sheet 1. v', u, o", u, ear or support fixed to the plate r, r, to
sustain the supports s", s, represented in Fig. 6, Sheet 1...
Fig. 4, Sheet 1, represents the side elevation of an elbowed link d', d',
which answers as the axis or core of the pistons. e, e, holes through
which passes a bolt, by means of which the link d', d', is linked to a
chain. ss, one of the supports which serve to sustain the flexible
packing which enters into the construction of the pistons. 011, bolt
which connects the support s", s", with the ear u shown in Figs. 3, 5,
and 6 by the letters ", u. r, r, plate traversed by the link d¹, d',
with which it is connected by extension pieces or bands m², m², which
fold down over the link d', d', at m', m¹; v; hole receiving the bolt v,
which is shown in dotted lines at v in the Figs. 3 and 6.
Fig. 5, Sheet 1, is a back view in elevation of the elbowed link d¹, d¹,
of the Figs. 3 and 4. s¹, s¹, s¹, support linked with the elbowed link d¹
by means of a bolt o" in two dotted lines; m², screw which connects by
the metal band m¹ the plate r, r, with the link d', viewed in the present
Figure in section at its extremities; r¹, 71, metal valve-shaped plate,
which is fixed to the plate r, 7, by means of the screws m", m₁, m";
this metal plate r¹, r¹, serves to fix the basis of the envelope or flexible
packing of the pistons by hugging them as in a vice against the
plate r, r; this metal plate r, r, is viewed in plane Fig. 7; it is
traversed by the link d'.
Fig. 6, Sheet 1, represents over and above Fig. 3 the supports s¹¹, s,
and their hooks o, o, as also the screw m¹, which serves to fix by the
metal band m¹ the plate r, r, to the front of the link d¹. s, 8, support,
viewed in section at its upper part; the other letters of reference are
the same as the corresponding ones in Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 represents the metal plate 7, 7, of Fig. 5 viewed in plane.
m", m, m, are screws, which serve to fix the said metal plate r¹, r¹, to
the plate r, r; d, opening, through which passes the link d¹.
Fig. 8, Sheet 1, represents the plate 7, r, of Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, viewed
in plane u, v. u, ", ears with which the supports s", s", of Fig. 6 are
linked by means of bolts, which are to be seen in dotted lines at 11, 11;
m', m', extension pieces or metallic bands, viewed in plane, and which
are closely connected with the plate r, r, which they fix to the link d¹ by

page_text: means of the screws which are shown in dotted lines at m₁, m²; d.
opening to receive the link d¹.
Fig. 9 represents a front elevation of a metal plate z, which serves as
a support to the flexible packing of the pistons, said plate being fixed
thereto by the hook o and by a screw, which screws into the orifice x¹.
Fig. 10, Sheet 1, represents a side elevation of the metal plate z of
Fig. 9. o, hook, on which is hung the flexible packing of the pistons,
At a¹ is a
as shown in the piston represented in Fig. 4, Sheet 1.
screw, which screws this metal plate to the flexible packing of the
pistons.
Fig. 11, Sheet 1, represents a plane or top view of the supports which
serve to sustain the flexible packing of the pistons. 2, metal plate; o.
hook. The supports s, s. s, represented in Fig. 3, s¹, s¹¹, s¹¹, in Figs. 4
and 6, and s¹, s, s', in Fig. 5, viewed in plane or from above, present a
similar aspect.
Fig. 12, Sheet 1, represents in side elevation a modification of the
chain m, m, shown in the Sheets 2 and 4. This chain m, m, is composed
of links made up of metallic pieces indicated in the Figure by the
letters n, and linked together by bolts; it carries wedges indicated by
the letters a, and is so constructed that when stretched horizontally and
the wedges brought vertically it may bend at will either in a vertical or
in a horizontal direction. The articulations which allow of its bending
horizontally are at n', n¹¹, as will readily be seen at n¹, n¹¹, in Fig. 13,
which represents the said chain m, m, viewed lengthwise on its rear
side. The letters in this Fig. 13 indicate the same parts as those in
Fig. 12.
At both extremities of this chain m, m, Fig. 13, are seen at
v, v, v, v, the ends of the bolts.
Fig. 14, Sheet 1, represents, viewed laterally and lengthwise, a strap
m, m, to which is fixed a wedge a.
Fig. 15 represents the strap m, m, of Fig. 14, viewed lengthwise
and in its width, on its rear side.
a, a, are two wedges united by the
cross pieces a', which is connected with the strap m, m.
Fig. 16 represents the strap m, m, of Figs. 14 and 15, viewed laterally
and in section lengthwise by the line k, l, of the Figs. 15 and 17.
Fig. 17, Sheet 1, represents the strap m, m, of the Figs. 14, 15,
and 16 in transversal section...a, a, wedges connected with the strap m
by means of the cross piece a¹:

page_text: Fig. 18 represents a strap or a flat cable m in transversal section, to
which are fixed three wedges a, a, a, by means of nails, spikes, screws:
or they may be sewn thereto.
Fig. 19, Sheet 1, represents a wedge a fixed to a ring a¹, which
embraces the strap m, and which is fixed thereto.
Fig. 20 represents three wedges a, a, a, united by a cross piece a¹.
and fixed to two ropes m, m, viewed in transversal section.
Fig. 21 represents a plane view of the orthodynamical pump head D,
constructed with a frame so as to be able to serve as a portable exhausting
pump; n, n, n, upper cross piece of the pump; at X', X', in dotted lines
may be seen four mortices which receive the tenons of the uprights X',
X, Fig. 1, Sheets 2 and 3; V, V, axis of the pulley A, A. The letters I
show the iron fastenings connecting the arches which enter into the con-
struction of the frame of the pump head. a, a, a, a, cross pieces, against
which rest the walls of the tubes h', M, h', h¹, N, h'; b¹¹, b¹¹, are cross
pieces, against which rest the fastenings lettered e; u, u, are iron plates,
which are better seen in the Figure of Sheet 3 at u, u; the said iron
plates u, u, carry a screw and the pieces I", I', S, I¹; these pieces serve
to connect the frame of the pump head D with the first extension piece E
of the pump frame, as seen in the Figure of Sheet 3. The frame which
forms the foot of the pump offering the same disposition as the frame
which forms the head, this Fig. 21 may serve for both the foot and the
head of the pump. It will be found advantageous to furnish the foot of
the pump with railings.
Fig. 22, Sheet 1, represents a disposition of the orthodynamical pump,
according to which the pistons, instead of being connected with a single
chain, are connected with two chains m, m, m, m, which pass round two
pulleys or wheels A, A, fixed upon the same shaft V. According to this
disposition of the orthodynamical pump, the barrel of the pistons,.
instead of passing on a wheel A, Fig. 1, Sheet 1, pass between the
wheels A, A, Fig. 22, Sheet 1. E is the barrel of one of the pistons;
d', d', the axis of a piston which, being fixed to the cross pieces
s, s, s, s, connects the piston E with the chains m, m; M, M, is a
section of the pump barrel. This disposition represented by the said
Fig. 22 will be found advantageous when it is required to construct a
pump of large dimension as regards the diameter, and when required to
serve as a hydraulic motor to utilize the motive power of the water.

page_text: Fig. 1, Sheet 2, represents the orthodynamical pump constructed with
a frame so as to be able to serve as a portable exhausting pump. In
this Figure the pump is viewed in section by the line f, j, of Fig. 21,
Sheet 1. D, head of the pump frame. The letters I indicate iron
fastenings, which consolidate the pump frame. n is a cross piece viewed
in section; K, arch which covers over the arch K¹; 61, 61, cross pieces
viewed in section. The letters e indicate iron fastenings viewed in
section; B, crown of the wheel A, of which V represents the sectional
axis; X', X, upright of the head of the pump frame; x, x, x, spindle
viewed in section, which supports the shaft V of the pulley or wheel A.
The letters a show the cross pieces which enter into the construction of
the pump frame; S, S', rod affixed to the spindle x, x, x, and which in
traversing the cross piece g viewed in section rests upon the crew A¹; A¹;
h', M', beginning of tube M, through which the water passes; R',
conduit through which the water flows; h¹, N¹, beginning of the
tube N which serves to protect the pistons whilst answering as guides;
6', 6', cross pieces viewed in section. R shows the place where a door
may be put so as to inspect the pistons when desired.
A like door
should be set up in the foot of the pump frame for the same reason.
The letters e indicate fastenings internally, and which are viewed in
section. At I, I', may be seen a screw and an assemblage of pieces
lettered I', S, I", o, r, s; these pieces concur to unite the pump head D
with the first extension piece E of the pump; all the extension pieces of
the pump are united in the same manner when the pump is to be taken
to pieces. I is an iron piece furnished with an opening to receive the
screws, s, between its sides, which are traversed by a bolt; I", iron
hooked piece, which is split to let pass the screw s, s; o, iron piece
traversed by the screw s, s, and against which the nut r rests when
tightened; the screw s, s, is furnished with a head to avoid the piece o
and the nut r, the pump is divided into several parts. In order to
separate the pump head D from its first extension piece E, the following
means must be employed. The chain and the pistons must be taken
off, the nut untightened, the piece o slid along the screws, s, and thus
disengaged from the hook I", the screw s, s, will be lifted up by turning
it round the bolt I', and the pump head D may then be separated from
the first extension piece E; by using similar means with regard to the
other extension pieces of the pump it will be divided into several parts,
which may be readily carried. The letters indicate cast-iron boxes,
which are placed at the extremities of each extension piece of the pump,

page_text: and which answer the purpose of mouths. The letters c indicate a
metallic pump barrel M, protected by wooden walls lettered h. The
letters C¹ indicate metallic bands fixed inside the guide N against the
wooden walls lettered . A', A', is a screw, which running through a
nut placed in the cross piece b, viewed in section, meets with the rod
si, s, which it uplifts when it is desired to stretch the chain m, m, by
raising the spindle a, a, a, which carries the driving wheel A; G₁, F', E',
are three pistons fixed upon fractions of chains m, m, m, m, by elbowed
links, lettered d', d'. For the pistons G', F', E', the letters i indicate
the flexible packing of the pistons, which is fixed at its base by means
of the valve-shaped metal plate r, which, by means of screws hugs the
packing against a plate 7 placed on the inside of the pistons, as indi-
cated for the Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, Sheet 1. The letters indicate for the
pistons G', F', E', the external packing of the pistons; this packing
covers over the packing i, and is fixed by screws and hooks to the rigid
supports inside the pistons, as shown in Sheet 1, Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 11. The letters d indicate long rods placed between the fastenings
of the extension piece E; these fastenings are lettered e, and are viewed
in section in the Figure. Against these rods d rest the rods or long
metallic bands lettered I; the portions of chain m, m, m, m, are made up
of metallic pieces, united by bolts; the wedges which enter into the
construction of this chain engage in a V-shaped throttle in the crown B
of the wheel A, as set forth for the Figures 1, 2, and 3 of Sheet 4.
Fig. 1, Sheet 3, represents the exterior of the pump viewed in side
elevation, which may serve as a portable exhausting pump; the letters
indicate the same parts as those of Fig. 1, Sheet 2. The arches K, K, K,
are united to the arches K', K', K', K', by means of screwed bolts and
nuts, the heads of which may be seen in projection around the pump
head D. These arches are further united by the fastenings e, 61, 61, e,
by means of screwed bolts and nuts. The uprights X', X", X, X, of the
pump head D are split at X', the opening of which is well nigh covered
over by a metallic plate fixed with screws to the uprights; this rent or
opening is shown in two dotted lines. At x, v, x¹, is a rent or slot which
allows of the shaft V of the wheel A, A, to ascend and descend; in this
slot may be seen the spindle a which carries the shaft V of the wheel A,
A. At a¹ is an ear soldered to the spindle a; this ear is engaged in the
slot or rent a, v, x¹, to which it is adapted so as to be able to slide up or
down; in this manner the shaft V, carried by the spindle a, does not

page_text: come into contact with the walls of the slot x, v, x¹. l is one of the four
handles which serve to carry the pump; of these two are for the head
and two for the foot of the pump. u, u, screws and pieces which serve
to unite the uprights X', X', X, X, of the frame of the pump head D with
the uprights X of the first extension piece E, as set forth for the Fig. 1.
Sheet 3.
Fig. 1, Sheet 4, represents a piston G passing round the wheel A; it is
in section to show the internal pieces which enter into its construction.
I, I, spare flexible packing covering the packing I', I'; both are sus-
tained by the supports s¹, s, to which they are fixed by the hooks o at
their upper parts, and lower down by screws, the heads of which are
deeply imbedded in the spare packing I. The packing I' is tightened
at its base by the metallic plate 71, 71, against the plate r, r, with screws;
m', m', bolts which conduce to fix the plate r, r, to the link d'; v¹, v²,
axes round which the supports s, s¹, may move, and which connect these
supports the link d'; e, e, bolts which affix the link d¹ to the bolted
chain m, m.
The letters n indicate the metallic pieces which enter into
the construction of the chain m, m, and the letters a the wedges which
are fixed to, this chain. In the crown B, B, B, of the wheel A is
a V-shaped throttle to receive the wedges a; this throttle, the depth of
which is indicated by a circular dotted line, should be deep enough to
let the wedges of the chain freely pass without reaching the bottom.
V, axis of the wheel A.
Fig. 2, Sheet 4, represents the crown B, B, B, of the wheel A in
section by the line f, g. a, wedge engaged in the V-shaped throttle B,
this wedge a of which does not reach the bottom; n, n, metallic pieces
which united by bolts conduce to form the chain m, m, of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3, Sheet 4, represents a front length view of a portion of the
chain m, m, shown in Fig. 1. a, a, a, wedges; n, n, metallic pieces
which united by bolts form the links of the chain m, m.
Fig. 23, Sheet 1, represents a piston E viewed in front elevation; it is
in section to show the internal pieces. d, d, elbowed link which forms
the axis or core of the piston; 1, r¹, moveable plates which are traversed
by the link d, d; these plates 1, 71, press, by means of screws, the
flexible envelope i, i, i, i, against the plates r, r; these plates r, r, are
fixed to the link d, d. 8, s, rigid supports, to which are attached by
means of screws the envelope i, i, i, i, and the spare flexible packing i¹, i¹
This flexible packing i, i, may be enveloped by a spiral of flexible

page_text: material which will serve as friction surface; this surface may be a
metallic one. It is evident that a spiral may be added to serve as
friction surface to all the pistons described in the present Specification;
these pistons might be entirely of metal, and offer thus certain dispo-
sitions which bare some analogy with the pistons used in steam engines
as regards their friction surfaces. In the orthodynamical pump the water
will freely penetrate inside the pistons by their upper parts, unless it is
preferred to close them hermetically and to fill them with air or fatty
matters; in any case it will be found advantageous to fill them with
spongy and elastic substances. In constructing the orthodynamical
pump any sort of chain, strap, rope, or cable may be used provided the
pistons are constructed and fixed in such a manner as to be able to pass
entirely round the wheels, which may be readily effected by fixing the
pistons by the sides; they would thus represent the cups of a noria. It
is evident that the orthodynamical pump instead of putting the water in
motion may receive its impulsion from the water, and thus utilize the
motive power of the water like a hydraulic wheel. In constructing a
chain like that shown, Sheet 1, Figs. 12 and 13, a towing chain will be
had, which may be used to draw a locomotive steam engine upon a
railway or a boat upon the water, by running along the length of the
chain, it being evident that the wedges may be multiplied in the con-
struction of the said chain, so that it may gear in with a pulley
presenting on its circumference several V-shaped throttles, according to
the principle upon which this chain is based. In considering the rails of
a way like a chain laid upon the ground, and by giving to the said rails
the form of wedges which may adapt themselves into the V-shaped
throttles made upon the circumference of the driving wheels of a loco-
motive steam engine, a locomotive steam engine may thus be made to
ascend high inclines on a railway.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, what I claim and wish to secure
by Letters Patent is,―
1°. A pump, which I call orthodynamical, constructed and invented
after discovering the part which suction performs in lifting pumps,
usually known as chain pumps.
20. The transformation of the said chain pumps into portable
exhausting pumps, by adapting them to a frame which may be readily
carried, and working them either in a vertical or an inclined position,

page_text: a vertical and an inclined chain pump having been admitted up to the
present day.
3°. The disposition of the said pump so as it may be able to lift water
to any height with a pump barrel of a limited length, as shown in Fig. 2,
Sheet 1.
4°. The construction, for this pump, of a chain which has the wedge
for principle, gearing into the V-shaped throttle of a pulley or wheel.
5°. The construction upon the same principle with any sort of chain,
strap, rope, or cable of chains, straps, cables, or ropes which allow of
actuating pulleys or wheels without sliding; the whole substantially as
herein-before fully set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third day of April, in the
year of our Lord Eighteen hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
PH. TRICHET.
H. BONNEVILLE. (L.S.)