Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Malt Liquors.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application. 11th May. 1892-Accepted, 11th June, 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Malt Liquors.
A communication from abroad by ANDREW WORTHINGTON BILLINGS, of 997,
Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, in the United States of America,
Chemist.
I, PHILIP MIDdleton JustiCE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County
of Middlesex, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In a previous application No. 10,135 of 1891 is described an improved process
for the manufacture of beer. The present invention relates to certain improvements
in the apparatus used in the manufacture of malt liquors as ale, beer, etc., by the
said process or by different processes, said improvements being hereinafter set forth
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the improved apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional elevation on the line 2-2, Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation.
Fig. 4 is an end elevation.
Fig. 5 is a plan of the tank or casing.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the flange rim at the mouth of the casing.
Fig. 7 is a section on the line 7-7 Fig. 5.
As a
The first feature of improvement relates to the form of the tank shell or casing A.
Heretofore the said shell or casing has generally been rounded at the bottom and
with parallel sides above the line of the shaft B of the revolving stirrer.
up straight and
consequence when the contents begin to boil the tendency is to rise
to flow out through the opening at the top of the apparatus or over the top when it
is not closed. Another objection to the old form is that when the stirrer revolves
in a casing that has parallel sides above the centre there is left at the sides near the
top spaces containing material which is not acted upon by the stirrer so that this
remains at these points as an inert mass not effected by the revolution of the blades
of the stirrer not mixed up and the material therein is not converted.
To overcome these objections I so construct the casing that every portion therein
will be subjected to the action of the stirrers. That is, I make the casing in the
form of a horizontal cylinder with only a sufficient space or opening at the top to
allow for man-holes and the openings for the introduction of the material and the
escape of the vapor. Different constructions may be employed carrying out this
feature but as shown the cylindrical casing A has a longitudinal opening & surrounded
by a vertical flange 5, the whole being formed of boiler iron properly shaped, and
to said flange 5 is applied the caps or cover J. It is desirable in apparatus of this
kind to be able to use the same for either mashing, cooking or boiling, and to this
end it is sometimes desirable to have the casing open at the top, and at other times
I therefore provide a cover
to have it closed tightly so as to stand steam pressure.
which will stand the requisite pressure and which can be removed or put in place at
pleasure. Such covers may be made in different ways but as shown the cover is in
three sections, the middle section 7 being bolted in place, and the sections 8 and 9
being removable and provided with suitable packings and clamping devices.
The fixed section of the cover is provided with necks 10, 11, 12, each of which
is formed into a casing for a slide valve 16 which serves to open or close the neck,
the neck 10 communicating with the vapor pipe 13, the neck 11 with the grain
pipe 14, and the neck 12 with the malt pipe 15, or there may be but a single neck 11
and the malt pipe 15 and grain pipe 14 may converge to the same neck, each being
provided with a valve. By this means the necks and pipes and connections and
. 013

page_text: valves that regulate the flow of the material into the casing, and the escape of
vapor occupy fixed positions and do not require to be shifted."
It is necessary to open the sections 8, 9, of the cover for the purpose of cleaning
the interior of the casing, and to adin't light in inspecting, and also to afford a free
escape in boiling, and to prevent pressure when it is not desired.
All the sections 7, 8, 9, are curved so as to maintain the proper shape under
internal pressure and to provide proper seats and packings for the removable
sections. The neck 5 is provided with flanges, and extending across the opening
are two cross bars or ribs for the edges of the removable sections to bear. upon.
The flanges may be formed upon the metal of the casing by flanging it outward as
usual, but it is preferred to use a series of cast metal flange pieces as will now be
described. There are straight cast metal flanged pieces j, each with a vertical
flange for bolting to the side of the flange 5, and a horizontal flange having a
ribi for bearing against the packings of the removable section of the cover, and
there are arched flanged pieces jj, each with a rib, which when the parts are in
place forms a continuation of the rib i of the straight flange pieces. The side
edges of the section 7 of the cover are riveted to the arched cross pieces j¹ at
one side of the ribs thereof, and each of the sections 8, 9, is stamped up or other-
wise formed with a recess or provided with other means for holding a packings,
which when the cover is in place bears upon the ribs i, i, all around so as to
effectually seal the opening in the case.
Any suitable means may be employed for clamping the detachable covers in place,
but it is preferred however to cast upon each of the flanged pieces j pairs of lugs m,
between which is bolted so as to swing freely a dog n carrying a screw p. The dogs
may all be swung to one position so as to bring the screws above the section of the
cover when by turning the screws the said section may be forced forcibly down so
as to effectually seal the joint, or the screws may be turned so as to relax the
pressure, permit the dogs to be swung outward, and the sections to be detached.
A water injecting pipe K extends across the upper portion of the casing as heretofore
so as to permit water to be thrown into the contents when required. The casing is
provided at the bottom with an external shell or casing forming a jacket for the
admission of either water or steam as may be required.
It is very important that either steam or water as required may be injected into
the interior of the casing A, and that also either steam or water as required may
be injected into the jacket, and for this reason the pipes leading to these two
different spaces are each provided with connections from both a steam and a water
pipe. Thus the pipe extending around the casing is provided with branches f
which communicate at both sides with the water jacket, the object in communicating
at different points being to permit the water or steam to be simultaneously introduced
at all portions of the said jacket so that one side thereof shall not be colder or hotter
than the other which would materially affect the processes carried on by means of
the apparatus. It is therefore necessary in order that the effect of the water or
steam shall be the same on both sides at the same time to connect the water or
steam pipe with the pipe fat a central position between the ends thereof.
Thus, as shown, the steam pipe 2 communicates with the pipe fat about the
centre thereof and the cold water pipe f³ at near the same point, and each pipe f³,ƒ³
is provided with a valve so that the steam or water may be passed into said pipe but
will then be equally distributed. It is the same as regards the injection water that
flows into the tub or case A. but it is not necessary to distribute this along both
sides of the casing, and the pipe d is therefore arranged to extend only at one side
of the case with branches d provided with cocks leading through the jacket and
into the interior, and with other branch pipes & leading along the sides and to the
end, these being arranged as near the bottom as possible so as to operate upon even
a small quantity of material when it is not desired or required to operate upon a
large quantity. For the purpose of equally distributing the steam or water to both
ends of the casing the cold water pipe and the steam pipe d' are placed so as to
connect with the pipe d near the centre thereof as shown in Fig. 3.

page_text: To
The material of which the casing is made is of course made as light as possible
so as to avoid expense and weight, and for this reason it has been found difficult to
connect the pipes d' which extend through these shells so as to avoid leakage.
effect such connection intermediate blocks or filling pieces are used, and these it
is generally necessary to form of gun metal or some such composition as the
material of the shells expand and contract very rapidly and somewhat unequally
owing to the difference in temperature of the injected fluids, and these filling
pieces are therefore bolted or secured between the two shells by means of rivets 20
extending directly through the filling pieces, and the shells and the inlet pipes are
let into the bored openings as will be readily understood.
Heretofore the outlet pipe g has been used for discharging the material from
the casing into the mash tub, and also for discharging the wash water. For this
reason it has been necessary to wait until the mash tub is emptied before washing
out the casing A, and as the said casing becomes cool the material cakes inside and
it becomes extremely difficult to get it cleaned. To avoid this objection the casing
is provided with a separate discharge pipe provided with a valve and leading to
a sewer or other receptacle, and when it is necessary to wash out the casing after
the material has been discharged to the mash tub the valve of the discharge pipe g
is closed, and the valve of the pipe is opened, and water is injected through the
pipes K or d¹ into the casing and the same is washed out immediately after the
mash has been discharged so that in a few moments after the discharge of the mash
the tub is clean and ready for further operation if desired.
The importance of this will be understood from the fact that by this arrange-
ment as soon as the mash has been put into the mash tub and it begins to filter
therein it is possible to pump the filtered material or wort back into the casing A
because the latter has been immediately cleansed after the mash has been
discharged.
It has been found that when the blades of the stirrer are continuous, extending
from one end to the other and the material is introduced at the centre, there is a
tendency for it to remain in the centre and not distribute equally from end to end.
To prevent this each blade is broken into two sections b, 6', as best illustrated in
Figs. 1 and 2, and these sections may be inclined as shown in dotted lines Fig. 1.
By this means side or longitudinal currents are created which tend to distribute the
material very quickly through the water as soon as it is introduced, and thereby
also when the malt is introduced there is a very quick admixture of all the contents
of the casing. When it is desired to cool down the material rapidly the steam is
discharged from the surrounding jacket and water admitted, and to permit this to
be done rapidly a large discharge pipe P, communicating with a sewer or other
proper receptacle is provided, said pipe being fitted with a large valve which is
opened whenever the steam is to be discharged and the water introduced, or the
water discharged and steam introduced.
It is necessary, however, from time to time to remove the water of condensation,
and for this purpose a small pipe q may be used formed into a trap and com-
municating with the pipe P ou opposite sides of the valve thereof, and provided
with a separate valve which is open to the extent necessary to permit the water of
condensation to flow out.
The invention is not limited to the precise construction and arrangement of parts
shown, but
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The combination of the casing containing a revolving stirrer having a curved
top with a narrow opening, and a cover adapted to said opening, substantially as
set forth.
2. A machine for the manufacture of malt liquors having a horizontal cylindrical

page_text: casing with a narrow opening at the top, with a fixed covered section, and remov-
able side sections with openings in the fixed section communicating with the vapor
pipe and inlet pipe for the material, substantially as set forth.
3. The combination with the casing A having an opening with a ribbed flange
around said opening, cover sections at intermediate points, and means for clamping
said sections to the flanges, substantially as set forth.
4. The combination of the casing, central opening, side flanges and cross-bars
and cover sections adapted thereto, substantially as described.
5. The combination of the casing and its surrounding jacket of a pipe com-
municating through branches with the inside of the inner casing, and water and
steam pipes connected with said pipes about midway of its ends and provided with
cocks, substantially as set forth.
6. The combination with the casing and steam jacket, of pipes extending around
the casing and communicating at different points with the steam jacket, and water
and steam pipes communicating with said pipe about midway between its ends,
substantially as set forth.
7. The combination of the casing, surrounding jacket, pipes extending from said
jacket to a fixed receptacle and provided with a valve and drip pipe extending
from the said pipe from a point above the valve to a point below the valve,
substantially as described.
8. The improved apparatus for use in the manufacture of malt liquors, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 11th day of May 1892.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE.