AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CONFECTIONS, INCLUDING ALL KINDS OF COMFITS KNOWN BY THE TRADE AS PAN GOODS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Keiller, of Dundee, Scotland,
Confectioner, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF CONFECTIONS, INCLUDING ALL KINDS OF COMFITS KNOWN
BY THE TRADE AS PAN GOODS."
Sealed the 27th August 1853, and dated the 27th May 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Keiller
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th May 1853.
I, ALEXANDER KEILLER, of Dundee, Scotland, Confectioner, do
bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CONFECTIONS, INCLUDING ALL KINDS OF
COMPITS KNOWN BY THE TRADE AS PAN GOODS," to be as follows:-
The machine consists of a single or double semi-circular vessel heated
by a stove or fire in the ordinary manner or by steam, a shaft or axle
extending the whole length of the vessel, on which are fixed suitable
blades or agitators for keeping the goods in motion, the shaft to be
driven either by hand power, steam power, water power, or any other
suitable power the above is all that is necessary for plain or smooth
goods.

page_text: When pearled goods are to be made, an apparatus is attached to the
frame of the machine for distributing the syrup in a continuous stream;
this apparatus consists of two vessels, fitted so as to have a reciprocating
motion extending the length way of the machine, and moved by a suitable
system of rods and levers, which rods and levers derive their motion
from a crank keyed upon the end of the shaft revolving in the semi-
circular vessel aforesaid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Keiller in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 24th November 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
ALEXANDER KEILLER, of Dundee, Scotland, Confectioner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alexander Keiller, Her special
licence that I, the said Alexander Keiller, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander Keiller, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CONFECTIONS, INCLUDING ALL KINDS OF
COMPITS KNOWN BY THE TRADE AS PAN GOODS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Alexander Keiller, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Alexander Keiller, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say:
Firstly, my Invention has reference to an improved apparatus to be
employed in the manufacture of comfits, pearled goods, and all descrip-
tions of confectionary known as "pan goods." This apparatus consists
of a semicircular pan or vessel heated by steam in the manner herein
afterwards explained, and open to the atmosphere at top to allow of
the escape of the steam and heated gases, &c. generated in the process
of manufacture, and thereby obviate the liability of the comfits, &c.
becoming discolored or imperfectly formed from the action of such
steam and gasses upon the goods, when confined in the chamber or pan
in which they are manufactured.
66
Secondly, my Invention relates to an apparatus to be employed in
combination with the pan before mentioned when what are termed
pearled goods are required to be made. This apparatus consists of
an arrangement of levers and rods whereby a reciprocating motion is
imparted to two or more copper vessels, containing melted sugar or
other material, suspended over the semicircular pans in which the
comfits or other goods are manufactured. These levers are actuated by
a crank arm fixed on the end of the shaft that carries the agitators,
which agitators revolve in the pan for the purpose of preventing any
coagulation of the saccharine matters contained therein.
Figure 1, of the annexed Drawings is a top plan of one of these
pans, and Figure 2, is a transverse section of the same. is a semi-
circular vessel, composed of an inner and an outer casing, the space a,
between them forming a jacket or chamber to contain the steam em-
ployed in heating the materials to be acted upon. The ends of the pan
are closed, and are fitted with plummer blocks b, b, in which the shaft c,
is supported. Upon the shaft c, are keyed three agitators d, d, d, the
ends or edges of which come in close contact with and scrape the inner
surface of the pan, which is bored quite true for the purpose. These
agitators keep the seeds, melted sugar, and other ingredients in constant
motion, and prevent any incrustation of matters at the bottom of the

page_text: pan.
e, e', are two circular discs of metal fixed on the shaft c, one at
each end of the pan; these dises serve to keep the goods in contact
with the agitators. The disc e', is provided with a door or trap f
through which the comfits or other confections are removed when
finished. Rotary motion is communicated to the shaft c, from any
prime mover, by means of the fast and loose pullies g, g, pinion h, and
spur wheel. The seeds and melted sugar being introduced into the
pan, and steam supplied to the space a', motion is communicated to the
agitators, and continued until the comfits or other articles are nanu-
factured, the heat of the steam being sufficient to dry them, they are
then removed through the door f.
Figure 3, shews a front elevation of a pan of the construction de-
scribed above, fitted with the apparatus to he used in the manufacture
of pearled goods. Figure 4, is an end elevation of the same. k, is a
crank arm attached to the end of the shaft c, that carries the agitators
d, d. This crank arm is connected by the rods 1, and m, to the lever n.
This lever is connected at its upper end n, by the rod o, to a similar
lever P, fixed at the opposite end of the pan, and at its lower end n², to
the rod 22 which rod q. is attached to the wheels or rollers 2, 7. From
the axle of the wheel, is suspended the copper vessels, in which
melted sugar is placed and allowed to flow into the pan below through
an opening in the conical bottom of the vessel. The lever p, is, in like
manner, connected by the rod p', to a second vessel s¹. On the rotation
of the shaft c, the action of these levers and rods causes the vessels s,
and s², to move to and fro' along the iron rod or rail t, and to discharge
the melted sugar or other material contained therein in a continuous
stream upon the goods in the pan, the effect of which discharge is to
produce the crusted or pearled appearance upon the comfits or other
articles of confectionary. The iron rail t, the levers n, and p, and rods
1, and m, are supported by the iron standards and brackets w, w, firmly
bolted to the ends of the pan.
And having now described the nature, &c., I declare that what I
claim is as follows:-
Firstly, in the manufacture of con fits, and all descriptions of pan
goods, I claim the employment of open pans or vessels heated by

page_text: steam, and provided with agitators and discs, in the manner above
described.
Secondly, I claim the arrangement and combination of apparatus for
imparting a reciprocating motion to vessels, containing melted materials,
suspended above the pan in which the confectionary or other articles
are made, as above described.
Thirdly, I claim the method of manufacturing pearled or crusted
goods by means of vessels. containing melted materials, suspended
immediately over the pan. and having a reciprocating motion communi-
cated to them.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Keiller, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
threc.
ALEXANDER KEILLER. (L.S.)
Witness, CHA C. MAXWELL.