IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BORING, DRILLING, AND BREAKING DOWN COAL, STONE, OR OTHER MINERALS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Grafton Jones, of Stoke Newington, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR BORING, DRILLING, AND BREAKING DOWN COAL, STONE, OR OTHER MINERALS,
PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 30th May 1876, and dated the 25th February 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Grafton Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February 1876.
JAMES GRAFTON JONES, of Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BORING, DRILLING, AND BREAKING
DOWN COAL, STONE, OR OTHER MINERALS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES."
This Invention relates first to improvements in apparatus for boring or drilling
holes in coal, stone, or other minerals preparatory to breaking, the same down by
blasting or by mechanical means, as is well understood.
Heretofore the drills or tools employed for boring or drilling holes in coal, stone,
or other minerals have been fed forward by means of a screw working through a
fixed or a slip nut, or between worm wheels on each side of the screw having
break power applied to them in order to offer a force equivalent to the varying
resistance of the mineral to be perforated.
Where two or more of such worm wheels are employed on opposite sides of the
screw, it is impossible to bore or drill a hole close up to the roof, bottom, or sides
of the surface of the coal, stone, or other mineral, as the drill cannot be placed
nearer to the sides, top, or bottom, to drill a parallel hole with the sides of the
working than the diameter of one of the worm wheels will allow; and the object
of this part of my improvements is so to arrange apparatus of this character, that
only one of such worm wheels are required, and thereby simplyfying the apparatus
and rendering it suitable for boring or drilling holes in any position or direction
required. For this purpose an adjustable socket is mounted upon a tubular or other
standard, as heretofore practiced. Upon this socket a lug is cast or formed for
carrying the support of the worm wheel and screw, to the end of which the boring
tube or drill is attached. This support is formed with a tubular bearing equal in
diameter to the outside diameter of the screw, a portion of one side being recessed
to admit of the circumference and teeth of the worm wheel which take into the
Dine 77

page_text: thread of the screw.
The worm wheel is formed with a break race or frictional
surface by which its rotation may be retarded so as to vary the propelling force of
the drill in its action. The worm wheel is carried by a stud or bearing on the
support which carries the screw, and the drill can be adjusted upon its support to
any desired angle.
Another part of my improvements relates to improved methods of actuating the
screw which carries the drill or tool for drilling or boring holes in coal, stone, or
other minerals.
Hitherto, when boring holes near to the roof, bottom, or sides of a mine, it is
usual to employ an ordinary ratchet and lever, there not being space to turn a lever
or handle round; and the object of this part of my improvements is to cause the
tool or drill to rotate and cut at each to-and-fro novement of the lever which
actuates the ratchet wheel fixed on the screw or axis of the cutting tool.
In order to accomplish this object, according to one arrangement, I cause the
cutting tool to rotate continuously in the same direction. Upon the head of the
actuating lever a driver and pawl or clawker are mounted in such manner, that
as the lever is moved in one direction, the pawl or driver takes into the teeth of
the ratchet wheel and drives it and the axis upon which it is fixed part of a
revolution, and when the lever is moved back in the opposite direction the other
pawl or clawker acts in the teeth of the ratchet wheel and also drives it part of a
revolution in the same direction, the points of the driver and pawl or clawker
slipping alternately over the teeth of the ratchet at each alternate movement of the
actuating lever.
According to another arrangement a toothed pinion is mounted and fixed on the
axis of the screw and cutting tool, an intermediate toothed pinion being mounted
upon the head of the actuating lever and the axis between it and a centre upon
which two pawls or drivers are mounted. The end of one of the drivers takes
into the teeth of the pinion fixed on the screw axis, and the other driver takes
into the teeth of the intermediate pinion, so that when the actuating lever is moved
in one direction, one driver actuates the pinion fixed on the screw axis, and in its
return movement the other driver actuates the intermediate pinion, which transmits
its movement to the pinion fixed on the screw axis so as to drive it in the same
direction as the other driver, each of such drivers slipping freely over the teeth of
their respective pinions at each alternate movement of the actuating lever.
The methods previously described for causing the tool or drill to cut or operate
at each movement of the actuating lever may be applied, according to another part
of my improvements, to the ordinary ratchet brace so as to facilitate the drilling of
holes in metal or other substances.
In the Specifications of Letters Patent granted to me and dated respectively the
18th June 1867, No. 1783, and the 15th November 1869, No. 3298, arrangements
of wedge apparatus were described for the purpose of inserting into holes drilled
into coal, stone, or other minerals in order to break down the same. In the said
Specifications mechanical means were described for forcing the wedge employed into
and between segments in order to expand the same; and the object of this part of
my improvements is to dispense with the means employed for forcing or driving in
the wedge, and thus greatly simplify the apparatus and reduce its cost. For this
purpose I employ the segments and wedge only; and when the segments are
introduced into the hole previously bored or made I drive in the wedge between
them by means of a sledge hammer or ram by manual power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Grafton Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
August 1876.
JAMES GRAFTON JONES, of Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BORING, DRILLING, AND BREAKING

page_text: DOWN COAL, STONE, OR OTHER MINERALS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES."
This Invention relates first to improvements in apparatus for boring or drilling
holes in coal, stone, or other minerals preparatory to breaking the same down by
blasting or by mechanical means, as is well understood.
Heretofore the drills or tools employed for boring or drilling holes in coal, stone,
or other minerals have been fed forward by means of a screw working through a
fixed or slip nut, or between worm wheels on each side of the screw having brake
power applied to them in order to offer a force equivalent to the varying resistance
of the mineral to be perforated.
Where two or more of such worm wheels are employed on opposite sides of the
screw, it is impossible to borc or drill a hole close up to the roof, bottom, or sides of
the surface of the coal, stone, or other mineral, as the drill cannot be placed nearer
to the sides, top, or bottom, to drill a parallel hole with the sides of the working
than the diameter of one of the worm wheels will allow, and the object of this
part of my improvements is to arrange apparatus of this character that only one
of such worn wheels are required, and thereby simplifying the apparatus and
rendering it suitable for boring or drilling holes in any position or direction
required.
And in order that this part of my improvements may be clearly understood and
readily carried into practice, I will proceed to describe the same, with reference to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, in which,
Figure 1 represents an elevation of a drilling machine for boring holes in coal,
stone, or other minerals, arranged and constructed in accordance with this part of
my improvements.
Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent some of the parts separately on a larger scale.
a is an adjustable socket mounted upon a tubular or other standard b, as hereto-
fore practised. Upon this socket a a lug a¹ is cast or formed for carrying the
support of the worm wheel c and screw d, to the end of which the boring tool
or drille is attached. This support a² is formed with a long tubular bearing a³,
equal in diameter to the outside diameter of the screw d, a portion of one side
being recessed or cut away to admit a portion of the circumference and teeth of the
worm wheel c, which take into the thread of the screw. The worm wheel c is
formed with a brake race or frictional surface c¹, by which its rotation may be
retarded so as to vary the propelling force of the drill e in its action.
The worm
wheel c is carried by a stud or hollow bearing forming part of the support a which
carries the screw d, and the drill e can be adjusted upon the support a² to any
desired angle. a³ is a set screw for fixing the socket a on any part of the tubular
standard b; a is a set nut for fixing the tubular bearing a³ and drill to any desired
angle; f is a friction brake which embraces the brake race c¹. This friction brake
is formed with a loop fl on one side, which is placed over one or the other of the
studs at, at More or less friction can be put upon the brake f by means of the
screw to close it upon the brake race c¹. The loop f¹ imparts a degree of
clasticity to the brake f, whereby leather or other packing is dispensed with.
Another part of my improvements relates to improved methods of actuating the
screw which carries the drill or tool for drilling or boring holes in coal, stone, or
other minerals.
Hitherto, when boring holes near to the roof, bottom, or sides of a minc, it is
usual to employ an ordinary ratchet and lever, there not being space to turn a lever
or handle round; and the object of this part of my improvements is to cause the
tool or drill to rotate and cut at each to-and-fro movement of the lever which
actuates the ratchet wheel fixed on the screw or axis of the cutting tool.
In order to accomplish this object according to one arrangement, I cause the
cutting tool to rotate continuously at each movement of the lever in the same
direction in the following manner-Upon the head of the actuating lever ga
driver and pawl or clawker / are mounted, as shown at Figure 6, in such manner
that as the lever g turning on the pin joint g¹ is moved in one direction, as

page_text: indicated by the arrow, the pawl or clawker i takes into the teeth of the ratchet.
wheel and pulls it and the screw axis & upon which it is fixed part of a revolution,
and when the lever g turning on the pin joint is moved back in the opposite
direction the other pawl or driver h acts in the teeth of the ratchet wheel j and
also drives it part of a revolution in the same direction, the points of the driver /
and pawl or clawker i slipping alternately over the teeth of the ratchet j at each
alternate movement of the actuating lever g. From bearings formed on each side
of the pawl links are suspended, the opposite ends of the links being con-
nected to the head of the lever g by the pin joint g¹. The pawl h and clawker i
are kept up to their work by springs, as is well understood.
According to another arrangement, as shown in Figure 7, a toothed pinion is
mounted and fixed on the axis d of the screw and cutting tool c, and the toothed
pinion m being mounted upon the head of the actuating lever g and the axis g¹
between it and the centre gx, upon which two pawls or drivers and i are
mounted. The end of the pawl or driver / takes into the teeth upon the pinion
fixed on the screw axis d, and the other pawl or driver i takes into the teeth of the
pinion m, so that when the actuating lever g is moved in the direction of the arrow
the pawl or driver i actuates the pinion m, the teeth of which take into the pinion
fixed on the screw axis d to drive it part of a revolution, and in the return move-
ment of the lever g the other driver takes into and actuates the pinion 7 fixed
on the screw axis, so as to drive it and the screw axis part of a revolution in the
same direction as the other driver, each of such drivers slipping freely over the
teeth of their respective pinions at each alternate movement of the actuating
lever g. The axes d and are connected by links, as in the arrangement.
previously described.
The ratchet apparatus shown at Figure 7 is arranged so that it can be worked
near to the standard 6 of the machine, the opening for the screw axis & being round
instead of square to slide on the screw d; a groove being formed on the screw d to
receive a feather for driving it.
When the ratchet apparatus is placed and worked near to the standard b, a pro-
jection upon the tubular bearing a enters a hole (not shown in the Drawings) in
the links to keep such links steady and prevent them from slipping on the
bearings.
When the ratchet apparatus is used on the end of the screw axis d ratchet teeth
are formed on one side of the bearing, into which a click or pawl enters to prevent
any slipping action of the links upon the bearings.
The methods previously described for causing the tool or drill to cut or operate at
each movement of the actuating lever may be applied, according to another part of
iny improvements, to the ordinary ratchet brace so as to facilitate the drilling of
holes in metal or other substances, a great saving of time being effected where two
workmen are employed to actuate the ratchet brace, one applying his force in one
direction and the other in the opposite direction.
In the Specifications of Letters Patent granted to me and dated respectively the
18th June 1867, No. 1783, and the 4th October 1869, No. 2878, arrangements of
wedge apparatus were described for the purpose of inserting into holes drilled into
coal, stone, or other minerals in order to break down the same. In the said
Specification mechanical means were described for forcing the wedge employed
into, and between segments in order to expand the same; and the object of this
part of my improvements is to dispense with the means employed (as therein
described) for forcing or driving in the wedge, and thus greatly simplify the appa-
ratus and reduce its cost. For this purpose I employ the segments and wedge
only, and when the segments are introduced into the hole previously bored or made
I drive in the wedge or driver between them by means of a sledge hammer or ram
by manual power.
Figure 8 shows a side view; Figure 9, an end view; and Figure 10, a transverse
section of wedge apparatus for breaking down coal, stone, or other minerals,
arranged in accordance with this part of my improvements, the parts consisting

page_text: of a simple wedge a and two moveable segments or inclines b and c.
The segments
or inclines b and c are inserted into a hole previously drilled in the coal or other
mineral by means of the rods b¹, c¹, screwed a short distance into the ends of the
segments b, c, by which means they are placed in the hole in the desired position.
The wedge a is then introduced between them, a groove being formed on each side
of a portion of the length of wedge a to receive the rods b', c¹, as shown at section,
Figure 10. After the segments are placed in their proper position the rods b¹, c¹,
are unscrewed from the segments and withdrawn from the hole. The wedge is
then driven in between the segments by means of a sledge hammer, battering rain,
or by other means acting upon the stem a¹ of the wedge, thereby expanding the
segments and thus breaking down the coal or other mineral acted upon.
Figure 11 shows a side view, and Figure 12 an end view of similar apparatus to
that previously described, except that the segments or inclines b, c, are formed
with intersectional surfaces, by which greater expansion is obtained in a hole of
given size.
Having thus described the nature of my improvements and the manner of per-
forming or carrying the same into practice, what I claim is,-
First. The improved arrangement and construction of apparatus or mechanism
for boring holes in coal, stone, or other minerals, wherein one worm wheel c and
brake only are employed in combination with the tubular bearing a³ for carrying
the screw axis d and drill e, by which arrangement the drill e can be caused to
drill a hole close up to the roof, sides, or bottom of a working of a mine, substan-
tially in the manner herein-before described and represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 5 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Secondly. I claim the improved arrangement and construction of ratchet appa-
ratus for rotating the screw axis d and drill e (for boring holes in coal, stone, or
other mineral) in one direction at each backward and forward movement of the
lever g, substantially in the manner herein-before described and represented in
Figures 1, 6, and 7 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
I also claim the improved arrangement and construction of ratchet apparatus for
causing drills for boring metals to rotate in one direction so as to cut at each back-
ward and forward movement of the lever g, substantially in the manner herein-
before described and represented in Figures 6 and 7 of the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
Thirdly. I claim the improved arrangement, construction, and combination of
apparatus for drilling holes in coal, stone, or other minerals, arranged to act sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purposes hercin-before described and represented
in Figures 1 to 7, inclusive, of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Lastly. I claim the improved arrangement and combination of parts a, a, b, b¹,
c, c', for breaking down coal, stone, or other minerals, arranged to act substantially
in the manner herein-before described and represented in Figures 8 to 12, inclusive,
of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Grafton Jones, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE,
Patent Agent,
34, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane,
W.C.
J. GRAFTON JONES. (L.S.)