A Process and Apparatus for Freeing Wool from Grease.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Dec., 1889-Accepted, 8th Feb., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Process and Apparatus for Freeing Wool from Grease.
I, LEO PINAGEL, of Aachen, in the Empire of Germany, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to a process and apparatus for freeing wool from grease in
a washed, half washed or other state, for the purpose of ascertaining the loss caused
through washing.
And in order that my invention may be more fully understood, I have caused
to be appended hereunto one sheet of drawings representing a vertical section of the
apparatus.
Unwashed wool has been hitherto rated, in the wool trade according to appearance
and touch, by which mistakes in taxation up to 10% could not be avoided, and thus
cause unforeseen loss to buyers as well as to sellers. Though for several years many
trials have been made to discover a reliable way for ascertaining by an apparatus the
quantity of moisture and grease contained in wool, yet none has succeeded; none
of the apparatus invented did answer its purpose perfectly, viz. to state exactly the loss,
which the wool would suffer in washing.
By the process and apparatus hereafter described, the exact loss caused through
washing the wool in a washed or half. washed or other state is correctly ascertained.
A small quantity is taken from a sample parcel of wool, which must be composed
so as to represent a lot of wool. A part of this sample is then weighed exactly and
thoroughly dried by a heat of from 105-110 degrees cels:. The difference between
the weight before the drying, and that found after indicates-expressed in per cent.—
the quantity of moisture contained in the wool. The freeing from grease of the said
sample is then ito. bas performed in the following.. manner by means of the apparatus
illustrated in-the-annexed drawing.
The vessel CAP containing about seven litres of an extractive liquid is placed in a
water-bath W and a vessel B connected thereto containing the wool sample, which is
to be freed from grease. By suitably heating the water-bath W, the extractive liquid
in vessel A is caused to boil, whereupon the raising vapours flow through the wool-
sample into vessel B and from there into the cooling-tube S, which is surrounded by
water, where they get into a condensed state, whereupon the condensed liquid flows
back on the sample, extracting, whilst it is continually boiling, the grease out of the
wool. As long as the extracted liquid appears in yellow-color,-which will be shown
by the hydrometer placed on the vessel B-the tap H of the small apparatus R must
be opened at times. This small apparatus R is placed inside of the vessel B and
consists of a perforated tube, furnished with a small tap on its basis. This perforated
tube is in communication with vessel A.
The tap H being opened, the extractive liquid flows out of the vessel B into
vessel A; at the same time purified vapours rise into vessel B. By this circulation
the freeing, from grease is perfectly accomplished as soon as the liquid appears quite
clean. in the hydrometer.
After this the heating is to be interrupted and vessel A to be cooled, which produces
in the latter a space or spot of dilute air, in consequence of which the liquid
containing the grease, flows back out of vessel B into vessel A. Thereupon the
wool is taken, out of the apparatus and well dried again, by which the impurity
clinging to the wool, becomes brittle and can be easily disolved in water beated up to
28 degrees cels. The wool after being cleansed in clean water, is to be thoroughly
dried again in the conditioning apparatus, whereupon the difference between the

page_text: weight after the first drying and that after the second drying, shows-expressed in
per cents. the loss of grease, earthly ingredients and such like.
If it is necessary to carbonise the sample in this case the above mentioned final
drying is to be performed after the carbonisation.
Ky this process 18 STALea
K this process 18 STATea 1
2nd.
3rd. "
1st. The quantity of moisture.
"
دو
"
"grease and earthly ingredients.
.,, vegetable stuffs or materials.
However it must be observed, that in pursuance of an international agreement,
thorough washed and dried wool may attract 17% of moisture, and this per centage
is to be added to the weight ascertained by the above described proceeding, in the
following manner :—
100 parts of wool before being freed of grease lost 40.110; thus there
remains 59.890% thoroughly dried wool, which, as aforesaid, can attract 17% of
moisture = 59.890 +10.181= 70.071.
According to this result, the loss with reference to normal moisture amounts to
100-70.071 29.929%
=
Having now particulary described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim, is―
1st. The process of freeing wool from grease in a washed, half washed or other
state, for the purpose of ascertaining the loss caused through washing, consisting-in
boiling ether of petroleum, sulphuric ether, carbon bi-sulphide; or any other extractive
liquid in a vessel, the rising vapours penetrating the wool in a vessel placed on it and
being condensed in a condensor applied on the latter, and the condensed liquid flowing
back again into the vessel containing the wool, the respective liquid continually
boiling, extracting the grease out of the wool, which flows back through a perforated
tube into the vessel containing the extractive liquid, from where the vapours freed
from grease again penetrate the wool, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 2nd. An apparatus for the purpose specified in the preceding claim, consisting of
vessel A serving to contain the extractive liquid, and heated by a warm water bath or
by steam, of a vessel B to receive the wool sample to be freed from grease, and of a
condensor S and the perforated tube R, furnished with a tap H, all substantially as
5 set forth.
1000
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
4, Corporation Street, Manchester, Agents to Applicant.