IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND PULVERIZING BLOOD, EXCREMENTITIOUS MATTER, AND, OTHER MATERIALS OR COMPOUNDS.
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Farmer, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster
for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND PULVERIZING BLOOD, EXCREMENTITIOUS
MATTER, AND, OTHER MATERIALS OR COMPOUNDS.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Farmer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1882.
JAMES FARMER of Salford in the County of Lancaster
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND PULVERIZING
BLOOD, EXCREMENTITIOUS MATTER, AND OTHER MATERIALS OR COMPOUNDS"
This invention relates principally to apparatus for drying and pulverizing blood
and excrementitious matter so as to form a manure powder, but it may also be
applied to other analogous purposes.
The invention consists of a fixed steam casing of a twin-cylindrical form with
closed ends, in which casing revolve two hollow steam heated axles, each provided
with a series of blades or beaters, which latter are set at varying angles and so
arranged that when they revolve they pass between each other.
The twin-cylindrical casing is composed of two cylinders, each having about one
third of the circumference removed, and their two open sides being placed together
and united by flanges and bolts, so that when the blades or beaters revolve upon
the axes of the two cylinders the blades or beaters will interlace like the teeth of
two spur wheels in gear. The ends of the blades or beaters are provided with
scrapers for keeping the inside of the casing clean. The hollow axes are geared
together by a pair of equal sized spur wheels so that they revolve in opposite
directions, one of these spur wheels being driven by a spur pinion which is actuated
by a steam engine preferably of the diagonal cylindrical class.
Steam is supplied to the twin-cylindrical casing and also to the hollow axes in
order to heat and dry the blood or other matter under operation whilst it is being
stirred in opposite directions by the revolving blades or beaters..
The vapor thus created is drawn off by a fan or fans air being allowed to enter
the casing so as to form a constant current through the interior and carry off the
vapor which passes to the chimney.
The exhaust steam from the engine may also be utilized to increase the draught.
Convenient openings are also made at the top and bottom of the casing for
charging and discharging the matter under operation.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Farmer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th December 1882.
JAMES FARMER of Salford in the County of Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND PULVERIZING
BLOOD, EXREMENTITIOUS MATTER AND OTHER MATERIALS OR COMPOUNDS
"
This invention relates principally to the construction of apparatus for drying
and pulverizing blood and excrementitious matter so as to form a manure powder,
but the apparatus may also be applied to the drying and pulverizing of other fluid
or semi-fluid materials or compounds.
The invention consists externally of a fixed steam jacket or casing of a twin-
cylindrical form, with closed ends, in which jacket or casing are mounted two
hollow steam heated axles, each provided with a series of blades or beaters, which
latter are set (by preference) at varying angles and are so arranged and geared
together that when they revolve they pass between each other.
In the accompanying drawing (in which similar letters of reference indicate like
parts). Fig. 1. is a vertical transverse section of my improved apparatus and Fig. 2
is a longitudinal section of the same.
The twin-cylindrical steam jacket or casing a, a is composed of two cylinders,
each preferably cast or formed, in about four sections bolted together by means of
external flanges b, b. Each cylinder has about one third of its circumference
removed, the two open sides are placed together and united by flanges and bolts at
c, c so that when the blades or beaters d, à revolve upon their axes inside the two
cylinders a, a the said blades or beaters will interlock like the teeth of two spur
wheels in gear as at Fig. 1. and break up and disintegrate the semi-dry material
preventing it from forming into large pasty lumps and being carried round by the
arms as it does in machines of one cylinder.
The ends of the blades or beaters d, d are provided with scrapers e, e which arè
so pitched around the axes and are of such a width that no two scrapers scrape or
clean the same surface, but that all the said scrapers in conjunction, in one
revolution of each of the said axes entirely scrape or clean the inside surface of the
steam heated casing.
The accompanying drawing shows the twin cylindrical steam jacket or casing
made of cast iron in longitudinal parts or segments to be convenient for transport
and erection. The joints are planed to the right angles and the segments are bolted
together by external flanges after which they are bored out to make a true cylin-
drical internal surface enabling the scrapers to be set close to the said surface to
prevent any coating of non-conducting material from caking on the surface to
retard the evaporation. Thus heat is greatly economized and the evaporation is
thereby greatly accelerated.
The hollow sections a, a are all connected together by means of branch pipes (see
dotted lines in Fig 1.) and these branch pipes are connected to main steam pipes f, f.
The condensed water is removed by similar pipe connections attached to a suitable
drain.
The hollow axes g, g are geared together by a pair of equal sized spur wheels h, h
(see Fig. 2) so that they revolve in opposite directions one of these spur wheels
being driven by a spur pinion keyed on a shaft i, i which is actuated by a steam
engine (preferably of the double cylinder diagonal class) or by other suitable motive
power.
Steam is supplied to the twin-cylindrical casing a, a and also to the hollow axes

page_text: in order to heat and dry the blood or other matter under operation whilst it is
being stirred in opposite directions by the blades or beaters d,' d.
The vapour thus created is drawn through the passage k, ke by a fan or other kind
of exhauster and is sent to a condensing apparatus, which condensing apparatus
forms no part of my Invention.
The blood or other semi-fluid matter to be operated on is poured in through the
openings at 1, and the dried manure powder is discharged through the doors or
traps m, m: There is also a man-hole at n, n in one of the cylinders to allow of
access to the interior.
I wish it to be understood that I do not bind myself to the method of con-
struction already explained as I can make the hollow casing of wrought iron with
planed jump joints and countersunk rivets, although I prefer the cast iron bored
surface on account of its accuracy and because it is free from internal leakage which
often occurs in the wrought iron casing at the rivets through expansion. I can also
construct this machine with an inside cast iron cylinder and a fixed wrought iron
casing leaving a cavity for steam heating.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention together
with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect I would remark in conclusion that I am aware that it is not new to
employ a single cylindrical steam-jacket with revolving beaters on a hollow steam
heated axis inside the same for such purposes but what I consider as new and claim
as my invention is
The twin-cylindrical construction of the hollow steam casing combined with two
sets of beaters geared together and interlocking substantially as hereinbefore
described.
In witness whereof I the said James Farmer have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Twenty Ninth day of November in the year of our Lord one.
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
Witnessed by
JOHN HUGHES
Clerk with Geo Davies C.E.
Patent Office
4 St Ann's Square
Manchester
JAS FARMER (L.S.)