CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Hanson, of Dukinfield, in the County of
Chester, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND
Sealed the 29th November 1867, and dated the 5th June 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Hanson at the
Office of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
June 1867.
I, DAVID HANSON, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM
BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed, first, for heating the ends of boiler tubes or rings
preparatory to bending them over or forming a flange on such end, and this
part of the Invention consists of a circular furnace provided with a steam or
other blast to cause the flame and heat to surround and envelope the whole
circumference of the tube, fuel being supplied at the sides of the furnace,
and the tube is supported upon and runs in and out of the furnace on
rollers or bowls.
After the end of the tube is thus heated it is submitted to the action
of a machine for forming a flange thereon, which constitutes a second part
[Price 8d.]

page_text: of my Invention. The machine consists of a maundril or shaft mounted at
any required angle in bearings, and capable of being rotated by bevil gearing,
on which shaft the tube or ring is placed with its heated edge projecting
between a pair of adjustable vertical roller dies, the upper one of which is
actuated by steam or hydraulic pressure, and as the dies are pressed together
and the ring or tube caused to revolve the edge thereof becomes bent over
and a flange formned thereon of any form determined by the relative shape
of the roller dies and the angle at which the ring or tube is placed.
Thirdly, my Invention relates to a novel means of bending metallic plates
for boilers, which consists in the employment and use of three pairs of
horizontal rollers all fitted in adjustable bearings, so that according to the
relative position of the rollers the plates may be curved, waved, or
straightened; for example, if the two outer pair are higher or lower than the
middle pair the plate in passing through would be curved, and by alteration
of the relative positions of the rollers the plates may be waved or rolled
straight.
Lastly, the Invention relates to apparatus for rivetting boiler plates
together, and the improvements consist in the novel arrangement and com-
bination of the ordinary cams and levers usually employed, so that horizontal
and vertical rivetting may be effected in one machine, this is accomplished
by the use of a central horizontal driving shaft on which the cams are placed,
and these cams actuate the levers, which work a double set of rivetting
punches, by which arrangement it will be evident that the driving shaft and
set of cams and one main counterbalance weight may be employed for the two
punches instead of one cam shaft and weight for each as hitherto.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Hanson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd December 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, DAVID
HANSON, of Dukinfield, County of Cheshire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eighthundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said David
Hanson, Her special licence that I, the said David Hanson, my executors

page_text: administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said David Hanson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND IN
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said David Hanson, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Hanson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement —
According to one part of my Invention I use a furnace so constructed that
by introducing the end of a tube or ring into it a certain width of it is
heated all round the circumference instead of only part. For this purpose I
arrange the furnace in such a manner that the flame and heated gases on
their way from the fire-place to the chimney surround and envelope the
whole circumference of the tube as far as it projects into the furnace and
thus heats it; the combustion of the fuel in the fire-place may be promoted
by using the blast from a fan blower, or by causing a draught by a steam
jet or by other well-known means usually adapted for this purpose. In front
of the furnace the tube is supported on rollers, to which a revolving motion is
imparted by suitable gearing, and which again transmit motion to the tube
that rests on them; by this means every part of the circumference of the tube
in rotation is exposed to the greatest heat over the fire-place, and thus the
whole circumference is heated gradually and equally all round.
When the tube is heated it is taken out of the furnace and is fixed to the
face plate of a flanging machine (which forms another part of my Invention)
with the heated edge outwards. This face plate is carried by a shaft which
may be inclined to a required angle, and this shaft is also provided with
suitable bearings in which it is caused to revolve, the revolving motion
being imparted to it by gearing; the heated edge of the tube or ring is then

page_text: Laken between an upper and lower roller die so shaped that when pressed
together they bend or turn down the edge of the tube, and form a flange all
round the circumference as the tube revolves; these roller dies are so
arranged that they can be adjusted to the length of the tube, and that they
can be pressed together by steam or hydraulic pressure, by racks and pinions,
or other well-hnown means.
In order to explain my Invention more fully I have provided Drawings,
shewing the best method of carrying out my Invention that I am acquainted
with.
Sheet 1, Fig. 1, is a front elevation of the furnace; Fig. 2 is a cross
section, and Fig. 3 a back elevation of the same; Fig. 4 shews a plan of
the furnace and of the tuyers. The same letters refer to the same parts in
the different Figures.
The tube A at the ends of which flanges are to be formed is accurately
centred and fixed on the crosses B, B, the arms of which are adjustable to
various diameters; these crosses are fixed on a shaft or mandril S; the end
of the tube A is then introduced into the furnace to the extent that is
intended to be heated through a circular aperture or opening provided
for the purpose. C, C, is the hearth or fire-place where the fuel is placed;
D, D, are the fire-doors by which the fuel is placed into the furnace; F, F,
is a circular flue or passage concentric with the tube and which allows the
flames and heated gases to pass from the fire-place to the chimney N; it is
evident that the end of the tube projecting into the furnace is surrounded by
the flames and heated gases and is thus heated. As the heat is greatest just over
the fire-place, and in order that all parts of the circumference may be heated.
equally, rollers G, G, are provided in front of the furnace, and the tube
rests on these rollers by means of wheels H, H, the upright shaft I and
the worin and worm wheel L; a rotary motion is given to the rollers G, G,
which again impart a revolving motion to the tube by friction; by this means
every part of the circumference of the portion required to be heated passes
over the fire-place in rotation. A draught may be created by a steam jet M
placed in the chimney, or blast from a fan or blower may be introduced to
the fuel on the hearth through the tuyers O, O. P, P, P, are sliding doors
which may be raised or lowered as required by the bell-crank levers Q, Q, and
handles R, R, so as to regulate the blast; T, T, are sliding doors provided
for the purpose of cleaning out the air passages of the tuyeres; U, U, are
the furnace plates, which are lined on the inside with fire-brick V, V, V,
leaving as has been described the passage or circular flue F, F; to this

page_text: lining at the back of the furnace cau be fixed a disc or projection of fire-
brick Y, Y, of smaller or larger diameter according to the diameter of the
tube, and it is made concentric with the opening through which the tube
is brought into the furnace aud also with the tube itself. When the tube
is placed into the furnace the fire-brick projects into the inside of the tube,
leaving only a small space between it and the inside of the tube. As the
fire-brick becomes heated the heat absorbed by the projecting part Y, Y,
is again imparted to the inside of the tube. W is the ash-pit; X is a
slide which allows the removing of the clinkers and slagg from the fire-
place or hearth.
In Sheet 2, Fig. 1 is an elevation of the machine for forming the flanges
on tubes or rings; Fig. 2 shews a side elevation of the same. B, Figs. 1 and 2,
is the face place to which the tube A is fixed; this face plate is carried by the
shaft C, the upper part of which is made hollow to receive the screw T and its
nut S; the screw T is provided with a collar at its upper end which is held in
a recess provided for it, so that the screw can be turned, but that it cannot
inove endways; the nut is fixed to the boss of the face plate, and a slot is
provided in the shaft so as to allow of the nut being moved up or down when
the screw is turned round and with it the face plate. The shaft C is also
provided with a key or feather which fits into corresponding keyways provided
in the bosses of the crosses S, on which the tube is centred, this key will
prevent the bosses from turning on the shaft C. Carriers or catch pins are
also provided ou the face plate for the same purpose. To the shaft C the
necessary iuclination is given to suit the angle the flange has to make relative
to the axis of the tube; D, D, are the bearings in which the shaft C revolves,
a revolving motion may be imparted by the gearing E, E; F, F, is the frame
forming the supports to the parts of the machine that are attached to it; G
is the lower roller die fixed in the jaws at the upper part of the slide, this
slide may be raised or lowered by the rack I and pinion K, by which means the
roller die G can be adjusted to the length of the tube. The same object may
also be attained by using a nut and screw, or steam, or hydraulic pressure. In
conjunction with the rack and pinion it will be found convenient to use a
weighted balance lever L which will allow the rack to lower when undue
pressure is put upon it, and thus prevent breakages. M is the upper roller
die held by a jaw at the lower end of the piston rod N, which is attached to the
piston O; this piston can be forced up or down by steam or hydraulic pressure
in the cylinder P as the slide valve Q opens the lower or upper port for the
purpose of adjusting or pressing the upper roller die on the lower one; a

page_text: .
screw and nut may be used, or a rack and pinion or other well-known con-
trivances. When the lower roller die is adjusted to the tube, as shown in
Sheet 2, Fig. 1, and the upper roller die forced down upon it they will cause
the heated end of the tube inserted between them to assume the shape of the
dies and be turned down or bent; if now a revolving motion is given to the
tube A it is evident that a flange will be formed at the end of the tube. The
top and bottom roller dies will have to be shaped according to the form the
flange has to assume, so for each form of flange corresponding roller dies have
to be employed. R, R, is the frame carrying the cylinder P or other suitable
apparatus necessary to adjust and force down the upper roller die. Small
rollers are fixed to the slide HI at T¹ to support the tube as it revolves.
Fig. 3, Sheet 2, is a section of the frame R and cylinder P.
A further part of my Invention consists in an improved machine for
bending metal plates. I employ three pairs of horizontal rollers which are
so arranged that only the lower roller of the middle pair remains in a fixed
position, while the top roller can be raised or lowered, and that the two outer
pairs of rollers can be raised or lowered either singly or together, and also that
the axes of the outer rolls can be made to stand at an angle relative to the axis
of the centre pair, and further that the top rollers can each or all be removed;
three or more rollers can be arranged to work together at one time. According
to the relative position of the rollers to one another when a plate is passed
between them it is either straightened or curved. On one side the gearing
is arranged for driving the rolls; it is evident that this machine may also
be applied for the purpose of bending or straightening bars of various
forms; the most convenient way to do this will be to make the rollers
to project beyond the frame at one end of the machine, and to fit to these
projections rings grooved according to the form of the section of the bars.
These projections and rings are shewn at P, P, Fig. 2.
Sheet 3, Fig. 1, is an elevation of the improved plate bending machine;
Fig. 2 is a front elevation, and Fig. 3 is an end view of the same;
the same letters refer to the same parts in the different Figures. A, A',
B, B, C, C¹, are the three pairs of rolls; by the screw D the top roller
of the centre pair may be raised or lowered; the outer rollers may be
raised or lowered by the screws E, F, G, H. Nuts are provided for the
screws D, E, F, in the top of the housings D¹, E¹, F¹; these housings are
provided with slides to allow the bearings of the rolls to move up and down in
them. The nuts for the lower screws are formed in the plate at the bottom
of the frame I; in this frame slides are also provided for the up-and-down

page_text: motion of the bearings of the rolls A', C'. The lower screws may be arranged
to be turned round for the adjustinent of the rolls by gearing, as shewn on
Drawing, or by hand for the adjustment of the top roller it will be found more
convenient to turn the screws round by means of a lever inserted into the eyes
provided at the upper part of the screw. The housing E, D, F, for the top
rollers are each separately fixed to the frame I, and can each or all be easily
removed as required. By means of the screws K, K, L, L, and their corre-
ponding nuts K, K, L, L, the rolls can be adjusted laterally so that the
axes of the rollers A', A, C, C, may form an angle with the axes of the
centre pair. Recesses or grooves are provided in the housings D', E¹, F', and
in the frame I so as to allow the nuts K, K³, L, L, of the screws K, K',
L, L, which are fixed to their respective bearings to move up and down
with the bearings in these grooves. M,M,are the driving pulleys so arranged
that by means of an open and a crossed strap the motion may be reversed.
The driving and loose pulleys are fixed to the shaft M working in the
bearings M3; to this shaft is fixed the pinion M4 which gears into the wheel N
fixed to the shaft N¹ and carried in the bearings N2; to this shaft is fixed the
pinion N³, which imparts motion to the wheel O fixed to the projecting end of
the roller B to which it imparts motion. To the projecting end of the
roller B is also fixed the pinion O, having long teeth and gearing into a
pinion O2 of the same description fixed on the roller B; thus motion is only
imparted to the centre pair of rolls; the outer rolls are driven by friction.
When the rolls are placed as shewn in Fig. 4 and a plate is passed
between them it will become straightened; when the rolls are placed as shewn
in Fig. 5 one part of the plate will be straightened and the other will be
curved at the same time; the rolls will have to be turned alternately forward
and backward. When the rolls are arranged as in Fig. 6, and when the
axes of the rolls are parallel, the plates will be bent into a circular and cylin-
drical form; but when the rolls are placed at the same time, as shewn in
Fig. 7 and in Fig. 6, the plates will be formed into a portion of a cone.
When the rollers are set as shewn in Fig. 4, and a plate is put between them,
and an alternate forward and backward motion is given to the rolls, and the
outer pairs of rolls are gradually ra sed, as shewn in Fig. 8, the plate will
take a form as shewn in Fig. S. When the rollers A and C are removed, and
the other rollers placed as shewn in Fig. 9, and the motion of the rolls is
alternately reversed, a plate will be shaped or bent into a form shewn in
Fig. 9. The position of the rolls relatively to one another may be varied
according to the form it is desired to give to the plate.

page_text: Lastly, my Invention consists in accomplishing horizontal and vertical
rivetting by one machine instead of having a separate machine for each of
these operation as heretofore. To give the necessary motion to the rivetting
machine I use such suitable gearing cams and levers as are usually adapted
for this purpose; but I so combine and arrange these lever that they may
be worked for both or either operations from the one cam shaft or other
suitable transmitter of power.
In Sheet 4, Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a combined horizontal and
vertical rivetting machine; Fig. 2 is an end elevation; Figs. 3 and 4 are
sectional plans of the same. Motion is given to the shaft A by the driving
pulley B; on this shaft is fixed the fly wheel C, and also the pinion C¹ which
is geared into the wheel D fixed to the shaft D'; this shaft is provided with
the cams E, E. When a rotary motion is given to this shaft the levers F, F',
have a reciprocating motion imparted to them by the action of the cams E,E',
which again is transmitted to the slides G,G,carrying the rivetting dies G2, G3,
thus horizontal rivetting is effected. The lever F has a fixed fulcrum at F2,
but the fulcrum of the lever F is carried by the link H, which is connected to
the weighted balance lever K. When undue strain is caused between the
dics this weighted lever can give way and thus prevent breakages. The
lever F is held on to the cain E by its own gravity, but the lever F is held up
on to its actuating cam E' by the small balance lever E². To accomplish the
vertical rivetting the link L at one end is connected to the lever F; the other
end is connected to the links L1, L2; at the forward end of the link L the
slide M is attached, carrying the rivetting die M. The link L at its back
end is connected to the block N, which is held in position by a projection
(which prevents its motion forward) and by one arm of the lever O, the other
arm of which is acted upon by the balance lever Q in such a way as to push
the block N forward against the projection so as to prevent the block being
forced backwards, except should undue strain be put upon the die, in which
case the balance lever will allow the block to give way. As the cam E
revolves it will give an up-and-down motion to the lever F and also to the
link L, which in turn will carry with it the links L', L, and alternately draw
them down or force them into a straight line as shown in the Drawing.
By this means the slide M is made to slide in and out, and also the die M
which it carries is thus alternately forced against the stationary die M2
To throw the slides G, G¹, M, out of action without stopping the machine
trigger blocks are used, as shewn in the Drawing at P, P¹.
I am aware that the actuating rivetting dies by means of gearing cams

page_text: and levers is not new, and it is evident that the gearing cams and levers
may be arranged in a variety of other ways to effect the same purpose;
but what I claim as my Invention is to accomplish horizontal and vertical
riveting by one machine.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Hanson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witnessed the signature of
David Hanson, this Second
day of December 1867,
THO. BEELEY.
DAVID HANSON. (L.S.)