IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATCHES AND FUSEES, AND OF FRICTION SURFACES TO BE USED THERE- WITH
Year: 1868

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Jarvis Palmer and James Brecknock Palmer,
both of Palace Works, Old Ford Road, Bow, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF MATCHES AND FUSEES, AND OF FRICTION SURFACES TO BE USED THERE-
WITH." Partly a communication from abroad by Rudolf. Herrmann,
residing at Lahnstein, Nassau, Germany, and partly the Invention
of the said James Brecknock Palmer.
Sealed the 20th November 1868, and dated the 28th May 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jarvis Palmer and
James Brecknock Palmer at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 28th May 1868.
We, JARVIS PALMER and JAMES BRECKNOCK PALMER, both of Palace
Works, Old Ford Road, Bow, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MATCHES AND FUSEES, AND OF FRICTION SURFACES TO BE USED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
matches and fusees, and of friction surfaces to be used therewith.

page_text: For the purpose of making friction matches and fusees we employ
an igniting composition composed of hyposulphite of lead or other
hyposulphite combined with chlorate of potash or other material con-
taining oxygen in a loosely combined state or so that it will readily
yield it to other substances having an affinity therefor. The composition
we prefer is composed of hyposulphite of lead combined with chlorate
of potash and pyrolusite or native peroxide of manganese, oxide of iron
and chrome yellow being also added. These substances are compounded
with glue or other adhesive matter to cause them to adhere to the
splints of wood or other material forming the body of the match or
fusee; amophus phosphorous may also be used, but it is not essential.
When it is desired to produce safety matches or fusees, or matches or
fusees which will only ignite on a prepared surface and rubbing surfaces
for such matches or fusces we omit the hyposulphite either entirely or
for the most part from the match or fusee; and we prepare the rubbing
surface with the hyposulphite mixed by preference with chlorate of
potash and powdered glass or other suitable material; such a friction
surface may also be used with safety matches made in the ordinary
manner, and other matches may also be ignited upon it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jarvis Palmer and James Brecknock Palmer in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th November 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JARVIS
PALMER and JAMES BRECKNOCK PALMER, both of Palace Works, Old
Ford Road, Bow, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Jarvis Palmer and James Brecknock Palmer,
Her special licence, that we, the said Jarvis Palmer and James Brecknock
Palmer, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Jarvis Palmer and James Brecknock Palmer, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term

page_text: therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF MATCHES AND FUSEES, AND OF FRICTION SURFACES TO BE
USED THEREWITH," partly the result of a communication made to us from
abroad by Rudolph Herrmann, a person resident at Lahnstein, Nassau,
Germany, and partly of the Invention of the said James Brecknock
Palmer, upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Jarvis
Palmer and James Brecknock Palmer, our exccutors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Brecknock Palmer, on
behalf of myself and the said Jarvis Palmer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of matches and fusees and of friction surfaces.
For the purpose of making friction matches or fusees we employ a
composition consisting of hyposulphite of lead, chlorate of potash, oxide
of manganese, oxide of iron, chrome yellow, and glue.
The following are the proportions preferred:-
Hyposulphite of lead
Chlorate of potash
Peroxide of manganese-
Oxide of iron
Chrome yellow
Glue
-
دو
-
66 parts,
66
"
3
7
"
3
"
6
وو
By the term "glue" we mean gelatinous animal cement; that which
we prefer to employ is known commercially as French gelatine. All
the materials, except the glue, are reduced to a fine powder; the glue
is dissolved in water, and is mixed with the other ingredients. Such a
quantity of water is also added as is necessary to reduce the compound
to a proper consistency for the dipping of the splints of wood or other

page_text: material which is to form the body of the splint or fusce. The ends
of the splints of wood are previously dipped in melted paraffin, as is
common in making matches, or tapers prepared with wax, stearine, or
paraffin may be used. And we would here remark that no composition
containing hyposulphite of lead has heretofore been known which will
ignite such tapers or wooden splints prepared with paraffin or fatty
matter. The processes of dipping and drying the matches or fusees are
conducted in the ordinary manner.
Although the compound above set forth is that which we prefer,
nevertheless a useful composition may be made as follows:-
Chlorate of potash
Hyposulphite of lead
Glue
-
10 parts,
10
"
1 "
These materials are mixed and used in the manner already stated.
Heretofore in matches in which hyposulphite of lead has been used
it has been mixed with dextrine or such like vegetable substance to
make it adhere to the body of the match or fusce, but glue, which has
never heretofore been employed, produces a better result.
Other substances may be added to the compositions, and the propor-
tions may be varied; but we claim as respects this part of the Invention,
the manufacture of matches and fusees with a composition in which
hyposulphite of lead and chlorate of potash are combined with glue, as
herein described.
We also claim the manufacture of matches and fusces with a com-
position in which hyposulphite of lead, chlorate of potash, peroxide of
manganese, oxide of iron, and chrome yellow are combined, as herein
described.
Also according to this Invention we make matches and fusees in which
phosphorus is combined with hyposulphite of lead. Such a composition
is the following:-
Chlorate of potash
Hyphosulphite of lead
Oxide of iron
Peroxide of manganese
Chrome yellow -
وو
-
64 parts,
-
78
4
"
20
"
4
"
4
وو
8
Amorphous phosphorus
Finest glue
The mixing and use of the composition is as already described.
In

page_text: place of using amorphous phosphorus the ordinary phosphorus may be
employed, it is then mixed in the manner usual when working with
ordinary phosphorus.
Other materials may be added to the compositions, and the proportions
may be varied; but we claim as respects this part of the Invention, the
manufacture of matches and fusees with a composition in which hypo-
sulphite of lead is combined with phosphorus, as herein described.
Our Invention also relates to the preparation of friction surfaces or
surfaces intended to ignite safety matches or fusees which will not ignite
by friction on an unprepared surface. For this purpose we employ
hyposulphite of lead, which we cause to adhere to the surface to be
prepared, and which may conveniently be of paper or wood, by means
of glue or other cementing material. It is prefered to add chlorate of
potash and other substances to the hyposulphite of lead; thus a suitable
composition is prepared as follows:-
Hyposulphite of lead
Chlorate of potash
Oxide of iron
Powdered glass
Finest glue
-
260 parts;
14
7
"
39
-
8
"
4
"
The materials all being in fine powder are mixed by preference with
water in which the gluc has been dissolved to the consistence of paint,
and the compound is applied with a brush to the surface to be prepared.
Amorphous phosphorus may be added to the composition, say in the
proportion of 24 parts.
Although we prefer to mix other substances with the hyposulphite of
lead, as above described, a compound consisting only of the hypo-
sulphite mixed with cement may be used. Such a compound is the
following:-
Hyposulphite of lead
Finest glue
.
75 parts,
1
Fine glass paper is a surface very suitable to prepare with compositions
such as the above.
Safety matches for use on such surfaces may be made with the
5 following composition:
:-
Chlorate of potash
Hyposulphite of lead
Peroxide of manganese
96 parts,
8
24
"
"

page_text: The improved prepared surfaces are also applicable for the ignition of
the ordinary safety and other matches of commerce.
Other substances may be added to the compositions, and the pro-
portions may be varied; but we claim in respect to this part of the
Invention the preparation of friction surfaces for igniting matches or
fusees with hyposulphite of lead made to adhere by means of cement,
as above described.
We also claim the manufacture of friction surfaces for matches or
fusees with a composition in which hyposulphite of lead and chlorate
of potash are combined, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Brecknock Palmer, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of
November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-eight.