Improvements in the Construction of Cycles and Road Carriages.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Sept., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 29th June, 1897-Accepted, 28th Aug., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Cycles and Road Carriages.
I FREDERICK WARNER JONES 60 Mark Lane London Civil Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates chiefly to the construction of cycles and road carriages so
that the weight is distributed by compound leverage of the frames or adjusted by
a spring or springs over 3 wheels in a line all or either of which are duplicated with
an axle for the sake of stability in road carriage, the centre wheel being the driver
and preferably larger than the others. I affix the frame of the rear wheel by a pivot
& joint about midway on the frame of the other two wheels which is built almost
similar to a lady's Safety Bicycle, the joint being nearly level with the centre of
driving wheel and detachable for the sake of conveyance, I prefer to but not
necessarily discard the rotary & chain gear and by a lever action drive directly a
wheel or wheels on each side of the driving wheel suitably fixed to the frame,
preferably with teeth inside the rims which work in a cog wheel or wheels fixed on
the axle of the driving wheel on one or each side the lever fulcrum being moveable &
situate behind the rider's foot which gives a natural curve for the foot & increased
power. I further centre the pedals below the lever in such a position that they
automatically can give a longer or shorter stroke to the levers also by fixing cranks
& pedals to the driving wheel hub or to an axle connected with it in a suitable
position two or 3 riders may drive the same machine & I also when necessary steer
with both the front and back wheel together in this case the frame of the back wheel
being not pivoted but only jointed to the front frame and I also construct the saddle
spring so that its action is not vertical but at an angle forwards.
Dated this 28th day of September 1906
I FREDERICK WARNER JONES Civil Engineer 10 Cholmley Villas Long Ditton
Surrey late of 60 Mark Lane London do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates chiefly to the construction of cycles and road carriages so.
Price d

page_text: that the weight is distributed by Compound leverage of the frames and if necessary
adjusted by a spring or springs over three wheels in a line all or either of which
wheels may be duplicated in road carriages for the sake of stability the centre wheel
or centre duplicated wheel being the driver and in preference larger than the others.
I affix the frame of the rear wheel by a pivot and joint to the frame of the other
wheel about midway between their centres, this frame being of a pattern similar
to a lady's Safety Bicycle the position of the juncture being almost level with the
centre of the driving wheel the frames being detachable for the sake of conveyance.
I prefer but not necessarily discard the rotary foot action and by a lever action
drive a wheel or a wheel on each side of the driving wheel suitably fixed to the frame
such wheel being either a chain wheel connected by a pitch chain to a chain hub
wheel or with teeth inside the rim which work in a cog wheel fixed on the hub of the
driving wheel. The lever is behind the rider's foot (on each side) the further
end being jointed to a pendulum which depends from the axle of the driving
wheel.
I further centre the pedal arms below the line of the lever in such a position that
by a movement of the foot they will afford an increase or diminution in the length of
the throw of the lever.
I also when desirable steer with both the front and rear wheel together, in this
case the frame of the back wheel is not pivoted but only jointed to the front
frame.
I also construct the saddle spring so that its action is not vertical but at an angle
forward in a combined horizontal and vertical direction..
I will now fully describe my invention having reference to the following drawings
in which similar letters refer to corresponding parts in all the figures therein.
Figure 1 is a diagram of the cycle in which the frame CBE which carries the
weight rest on the frame FA at C where it is hinged and pivotted. An obstruction
to the front wheel or to the driving wheel acts therefore against the rider's weight
supported by the compound leverage of FA and CE which greatly reduces the
shock.
Fig. 2 shows a method of pivotting and jointing the frames at C.
FA is a section of the frame FA (Fig. 1) on which a bracket shaped as G is fixed
over which another bracket H is fitted and a circular hole is made through both
brackets in which a headed bolt L is fitted and fixed with a nut. This arrangement
hinges the frame together and permits CBE to rise or lower in meeting obstacles.
Also it pivots on the bracket H by means of an arm K which forms a part of the
bracket, passing into the tube C a suitable distance of about 8 inches, or other
equally convenient method may be adopted.
Fig. 3 shows the frame CB E separated from the cycle for convenience of earringe
by removing the lever I, or raising the frame off the arm K unless it is preferred
to fix the frame to K as in a bicycle head. When used for carrying a passenger
I prefer to duplicate the back wheel of the cycle for stability ench wheel running
free on the axle and for road carriages I prefer to duplicate the driving wheel
which is then driven in the ordinary manner of tricycles.
Fig. 1 also shows my cycle driven by ordinary rotary motion and chain gear, but I
prefer to use a lever motion as shown in Fig. 4 in which a foot lever SQ is jointed
at Q to a pendulum A Q which depends from the hub of the driving wheel outside the
hub chain wheel. An arm of the lever is pivotted to a crank N of a wheel M
which carries a chain which rotates the small wheel A fixed to the axle of the
driving wheel in the usual manner. I fix the chain wheel M to the frame FA by
means of a lug which carries an axle pin on which the wheel M rotates and
which is suitably mounted and fitted and I arrange the centre M so that the
line A M joining the centre M and A divides the pedal path at or nearly at right
angles to it.
Fig. 5 shows my method for dispensing with chain gear when desired. The
wheel R suitably mounted as shown has teeth inside the rim which fit and rotate a
eog wheel at A fixed to the driving wheel axle as shown the lever action being the

page_text: same as before shown in Fig. 4 excepting the pendulum has to be fixed on the
hub inside the wheel A and made with a return in order to pin the lever SQ to it
so that it may clear, the wheels when oscilating. AQ will explain how this
may be done.
Fig. 6 shows tny method for lengthening or shortening the throw of the lever SQ
if desired.
The pedal is carried by a short arin which is fixed by a pin at point Y below the
level of the lever so that the pedal may be pressed by the foot into a forward or
backward position as desired and shown by dotted lines and in section, and if
necessary a catch pin or spring may be used to retain it in position.
Fig. 7 shows an arrangement for two or three riders to drive the same cycle
and in this case I do not pivot the frame CB to FCA but only hinge it at C. I
lengthen the frame FA and at a point T situated as shown I fix a suitable chain
wheel & crank & pedals, the driving chain wheel at A being geared up as in
the Crypto and fitted with cranks and pedals. The chain wheels at D and T also
rotate it as shown in the figure. To the frame at T I fix one end of a spring V
and at the other end an adjusting nut W which screws around a pin fixed as shown
passes through a hole in the spring and on turning the nut screw it presses
or releases the spring and this distributes the weight over the wheels as desirable.
I prefer to make the spring V of steel plates so as to support the frame from
side strain and I assist the run of the rear wheel by curving back the fork and also
if necessary join the head to the front steering fork by rods crossed so that both
wheels may steer together.
Fig. 8 is the diagram of a compound spring to carry the rider. I prefer to make
it in duplicate, with steel wire, and through the holes and 0 I place bolts with
shoulders and nuts serewed on to keep the springs in position as shown in Fig. 8^.
Fig. 9 is also another form in which I make it and I also in this form add
supporting springs of coiled wire as shown in the figure viz. as X O and P Z. By
either of these arrangements of springs I get not only an ordinary vertical spring
motion but a combined vertical and horizontal motion as shown by the direction of
the arrow lines according to which wheel that causes the obstruction.
In Fig. 8 I fix the bottom ends of the spring into holes in a plate Fig. 8" which
fixes the spring to the pillar and I expand the spring if necessary by varying the
holes in which the ends are fixed as at Fig. 8c.
After fixing the spring as desired the ends are fixed to the plate underneath by
means of nuts which screw on to them, the plate being itself fixed to the pillar
as usual.
In Fig. 9 the spring is fixed to the pillar in the ordinary manner with a sliding
clip-as at W on the pillar D.
Having now particularly described the nature of my invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed I would mention that I am aware
that cycles and carriages have been jointed and pivotted to each other
and also that foot lever motions have been used in propelling cycles, I do not
therefore claim broadly this form of construction or method of driving but I declare
that what I claim is
1. The construction and union of eyele fmmes and wheels for cycling or other
purposes in the relative position and manner substantially as illustrated and
described,
2. The mechanism for driving cycles by combining a foot lever with a pedal at
one end, the other end being jointed to a pendulum which depends from the centre
of the driving wheel hub with suitable wheels with chains or teeth communication
with the hub wheel substantially as shown and described and arranged in duplicate
on either side of the cycle.
3. The method of adjusting the weight over the wheels of cycles or carriages by
means of a spring or springs as shown & described.

page_text: 4. The method of increasing or lessening the throw of a lever by fixing the
pedal arm as described.
5. The combination of three or four springs hinged to each other or with coiled
hinges as shown and described.