matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
WEAVING REVERSIBLE FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John O'Neil at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1881.
JOHN O'NEIL of Unsworth, Whitefield Lancashire.
WEAVING REVERSIBLE FABRICS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The object of this Invention is the production of a cloth which shall have a firm
flat face and back each alike for printing so that the threads of weft shall not
swerve or move while the cloth is being printed or finished and enable the printer
to put a more perfect pattern on the cloth. It has also for its object to make the
same cloth serve for raising and finishing so as to have the appearance and feel of
a kerseymere and be free from either the twillyness running across the cloth or
the ribbyness running the warp way of the cloth such as is seen in moleskins
beaverteens and velveteens made for either raising or cutting.
In order to carry out this Invention a double or reversible cloth is used produced
by arranging the picks of weft alternately to back and face alike either with or
without what are technically called "binding picks." The following is an example
of "tie up" with five shafts but six or more shafts may be employed to obtain
the same cloth for the same purpose and it may be varied by the draft and by the
arrangement of the tappet.
First pick under warp threads 1. 2 and over 3. 4 and 5
Second pick over 1. 2 and under 3. 4 and 5.
Third pick over 1. 2. 3 undor 4 and 5.
Fourth pick under 1. 2. 3. over 4 and 5
Fifth pick over 1 under 2. 3 over 4 and 5
Sixth pick under 1 over 2. 3 under 4 and 5
Seventh pick under 1 over 2. 3. 4 and under 5
Eighth pick over 1 under 2. 3. 4 and over 5.
Ninth pick over 1. 2 under 3. 4 and over 5.
Tenth pick under 1. 2 over 3. 4 and under 5
The following is the same tie up as the preceding but with two binding picks
introduced.

page_text: Second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth picks as in the previous example the
remaining binding pick is introduced after the fifth pick of the tie up before
described and in the present forms the seventh pick thus
Seventh pick under 1 over 2 under 3 over 4 and under 5
Eighth ninth tenth eleventh and twelfth picks are shown in the sixth, soventh
eighth, ninth, and lenth picks of the first tie up.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE FENCING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bell Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1881.
GEORGE BELL SMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Iron Fence Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE FENCING."
This Invention relates to wire fencing of the kind in which what are known as
droppers are placed at one or more points between the standards, such droppers
being light vertical bars connecting the two or more horizontal lines of wire, but
not.entered into the ground, and the object of the Invention is to improve the
construction and mode of fastening the dropper.
In carrying out the Invention each dropper is made in the form of a light flat
iron or steel bar by preference, although it may be made of iron or steel of various
ornamental or other sections. At parts of the dropper bar corresponding to the
horizontal lines of wire it is formed with notches at the edges at some places, and
with holes through the middle at others. Wire ropes or twisted wires are used
for some of the horizontal lines of wires, and single wires for the other lines. The
ropes or twisted wires are first strained or fixed, and then at the points where the
droppers are to be placed the twist is opened and the dropper inserted and placed
with its broad side across, so that the single wires or strands engage in its notches.
Afterwards the single wires are threaded through the standards and through the
middle holes in the droppers, and prevent the droppers from turning or shifting
vertically, whilst the ropes or twisted wires keep the droppers from changing
position longitudinally. If preferred wire ropes or twisted wires may be threaded
through the holes instead of single wires.
MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR VENTILATING, HEATING, AND COOLING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Court at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1881.
JOHN COURT, of Brompton Road, in the County of Middlesex.
MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR VENTILATING, HEATING, AND COOLING."
" IMPROVED
This Invention relates to the ventilation of dwellings, assembly rooms, soil pipes
and drains, for the purpose of drawing off the vitiated air from rooms and the
noxious gases from drains and expelling them from the house; also to heating or
cooling said dwellings.
In carrying out my Invention I adopt mainly the following arrangements :-A
shaft is formed or constructed, rising above the top of the building, within which
shaft a flue is formed with pipes or metal plates so arranged that it shall answer
for a chimney to the kitchen or other fire that shall be kept in constant or nearly
constant use, a space being left between the flue pipe and the inner wall of the
shaft. This space becomes warmed from heat radiated by the flue pipe, and causes
a strong up-draught. Pipes or channels are formed in the walls or otherwise
leading from the apartment or apartments to be ventilated to the shaft (by
preference to descend and enter at the bottom of the shaft). A pipe also connects
the drain and soil pipe with the said shaft. Fresh air, either warm or cold, is
brought into the rooms and drains by suitable means, and by these means there is
a constant or sufficient movement towards the shaft, and by the up draught the
gases are expelled into the external air.
IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO BRACES, GARTERS, TROUSER-STRAPS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1881.
GEORGE WALKER, of Tenby Street, Birmingham, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS
RELATING TO BRACES, GARTERS, TROUSER-STRAPS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES."
This Invention relates to improvements in or relating to brace-ends, garters,
trouser-straps, bands, and other similar articles.
The Invention has especial reference to the ends of braces, which are known in
the trade as "runners," the saine working upon a roller secured in the buckle. Such
articles are at present uniformly made of leather, chain, or catgut, and in some
cases the bow ends are made of twisted or of plain wire, which latter with constant
motion and pressure wears away the thread usually connecting the buttons to the
trousers, and causes much inconvenience; and moreover, brace-ends as thus made
of these materials have not the freedom of action upon the roller in the buckle
which is desirable, and hence the trousers are unequally suspended.
The Invention consists in making the brace-ends, and the other above referred to
articles, of chain, silk, cotton, cord, twisted wire, leather, or any woollen or other
textile material, in any required combination, for the purposes (so far as relates to
brace ends), of facilitating the action of the runner upon the roller, and of preventing
the unequal strain upon and injury to the sewn thread, uniting the buttons to the
trousers; and the articles produced from such materials (when used in combination
according to the present Invention), are much superior to the existing articles, both
in use and appearance.
The junctions of the different substances of which the brace-ends are composed,
may be made by metallic clips, or otherwise, and the improvements, substantially as
liercinbefore described, are also applicable to garters, trouser straps, bands, and
other similar articles.
The special advantages derivable from the Invention are referable entirely to
the novel and useful combination of the materials of which the article is composed
or put together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASHES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Vernon Harris, of Winchester, in the County
of Hants, Joiner and Carpenter, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WINDOW SASHES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Vernon Harris at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1881.
EDWARD VERNON HARRIS, of Winchester, in the County of Hants, Joiner and
Carpenter. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASHES."
This Invention relates to improvements in window sashes, the positions of which
are capable of being reversed so as to bring the outer surface of the sash inwards
or towards the apartment for cleaning or for ventilation, and so that one or both
of the sashes of a window can be retained at any desired angle.
The pivots upon which each sash rotates are so constructed that the sash can be
lifted out of its bearings when required.
The plate which carries the pivot or centre upon which the sash rotates, and the
slotted plate which receives the pivot, are let into the division of the sash stile
flush with the surfaces of each part of the stile.
The two portions of the stiles are rebated together so as to make an air tight
joint when clod together, and the meeting rails are formed the one with a
groove and the other with a tongue, so that they also may form an air tight
joint.
I make the frame which carries the sashes solid, but the sashes may be arranged
to slide up and down in frames in the ordinary manner.

page_text: height to reverse the top sash, or otherwise to fix them on brackets on face of
lining inside, but this is not required with sliding sashes.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
formning or carrying the same into practice, I would remark that I do not claim
any of the parts separately, which are well known and in common use;
But what I claim is,-
First. The improved arrangement, combination, and construction of window
sashes in which the stiles and meeting rails are rebated together to form a close
or air tight joint, the sashes a being connected to the frames b by a pin joint to
allow the sash to rotate and remain stationary at any desired angle, and so as to
be lifted out of its bearings when required, substantially in the manner herein-
before described and represented in the Drawings hereto annexed.
Second. I claim the improved means by which the sash a can be set and retained
at any desired angle, substantially in the manner herein before described and
represented in the Drawings hereto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Vernon Harris, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
0 Witness,
J G. TONGUE,
34, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane,
W.C.
E. V. HARRIS. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1881. A communication
from abroad by Messieurs Cloarec and Cocharaud, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES."
[A communication from abroad by Messieurs Cloarec and Cocharaud, of Paris, in
the Republic of France.]
This Invention consists in a novel combination of parts to form a rotary
engine.
These parts are, first, a large horizontal cylinder having the ends or covers fixed
thereto by bolts, and mounted on a suitable base plate or foundation.
Second. AT shaped piston, the shaft of which is mounted on the axis of the
cylinder, and projects through stuffing boxes in the ends or covers to receive a
flywheel, a pulley for communicating motion to a machine, and an excentric for
working the slide valve.
Third. A cylinder placed excentrically in the interior of the large cylinder and
mounted in a circular recess or its equivalent in each of the cylinder ends or covers.
The diameter of the small cylinder is greater than half that of the large one, and
an opening is formed in the periphery to allow the piston to slide in and out of
the steam chamber at each revolution. The piston as it rotates will cause the
small cylinder to rotate in the recesses.
The steam chamber is formed by the crescent obtained by the position of the
small in the large chamber.
Steam introduced into the cylinder by a suitable port acts on one side of the
piston, the other side being in communication with the atmosphere.
All parts of the machine being symmetrical in relation to the vertical plane of
the axis of the cylinder the piston can be caused to work in either direction with
the same regularity.
All joints between the piston and cylinder are metallic, and suitable packing is
provided to render them steam tight.

page_text: The admission of steam to and the escape of spent steam from the cylinder takes
place through a twoway cock, and this cock is so arranged that the direction of
the steam may be changed instantly. A suitable slide valve worked by an
excentric on the main shaft through a link rod and bell crank lever is also
provided, and the machine has also a governor worked from a pulley on the main
shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hodges Bishop and Henry
Frederick Hailes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April
1881.
ROBERT HODGES BISHOP, of Holloway Road, in the County of Middlesex, and
HENRY FREDERICK HAILES, of Hornsey, in the same County. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SKATES."
The object of this Invention is to provide a simple and efficient heel gripping
arrangement for skates, and it is especially designed to supersede the heel screw
hitherto employed for securing wooden skates to the boot of the skater.
This novel gripping arrangement consists essentially of two main or bearing
plates of metal, between which a slotted cam plate is partially rotated or moved by
a lever arm. A travelling gripping jaw or jaws is connected with this slotted cam
plate by means of a stud or pin working in the slot of the said plate, and by
opening or closing the lever arm attached to or formed in one with the slotted cam
plate the gripping jaw or jaws will be moved longitudinally in one direction or the
other.
In fitting this gripping arrangement to a wooden skate the bottom plate is
secured to the wooden platform, or it may be to the blade of the skate, by screws
or otherwise, and the said plate is preferably slotted at its forward end to form a
race or guide for the travelling gripping jaw or jaws. The upper plate is held in
position by rivets connecting it with the lower plate, and also by a screw or screws
if required, and it is slotted to allow of the travelling gripping jaw moving freely
in a longitudinal direction.
An extension forward of this upper plate, having a portion of its edge bent
downwards, may be used as a retaining catch for the lever arm which operates the
slotted cam plate, and will serve to lock the parts in position.
The rear end of the upper plate is provided with the usual gripping surfaces.
In some cases the lower plate may be dispensed with, and the slotted cam plate
may be fitted between the platform of the skate itself and a covering plate.
As a modification of this arrangement a cranked lever arm is pivotted upon a
pin carried by a metal plate secured to the wooden platform or blade of the skate,
Price 201

page_text: and furnished at its rear with the usual gripping surfaces, a travelling gripping jaw
or chisel edged blade being connected to the cranked end of this lever arm by a
link or otherwise. A powerful thrust may be imparted to the gripping jaw by this
cranked arm, a simple catch serving to retain it in position.
One great advantage of this gripping arrangement consists in the fact that it can 5
be made and sold in a compact form, and can be readily applied to all wooden
skates of the ordinary construction.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LAYING UNDERGROUND TELEGRAPHIC OR TELEPHONIC CONDUCTORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1881. A communication
from abroad by Jules Bourdin, Engineer, and General Serge Ivanowitch de
Maltzoff, both of 1, Boulevard St. Denis, Paris, France.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LAYING
UNDERGROUND TELEGRAPHIC OR TELEPHONIC CONDUCTORS." [A communication
from abroad by Jules Bourdin, Engineer, and General Serge Ivanowitch de
Maltzoff, both of 1, Boulevard St. Denis, Paris, France.]
The object of this Invention is to construct an apparatus by means of which
underground conductors can be very rapidly and economically laid.
The new or improved apparatus is composed of a sort of carriage carrying a reel
upon which the conductor to be laid is wound, and a share, somewhat resembling
that of a draining plough, the nose or point of which makes the channel for the
conductor, and the body of which has a hole through which the conductor as it
unwinds from the reel passes, issuing at the rear of the share into the bed which
the nose has prepared for it. Behind the share is a flattening roller to replace the
soil, and thus completely cover the buried conductor. In front is a lenticular roller
or rotary coulter which prepares the furrow in which the share travels. The
carriage may be supported by a roller in front and a pair of wheels at the back;
these wheels and the roller being mounted so that the depth to which the share
cuts can be regulated, and the share and coulter lifted clear of the ground when
they are not required to act. The body of the carriage may consist of side frames
connected by stays, and the share may be permanently fixed in position or be jointed
so that it can be turned up when not in use. Guides for the conductor on its way
from the reel to the hole in the share are provided; these may consist of 4 rollers
arranged in pairs at right angles to each other.
The apparatus may be constructed to lay two or more conductors simultaneously
by having two or more holes in the share and a corresponding number of reels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING TO CARTRIDGES FOR MINING ORDNANCE AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hogarth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1881.
WILLIAM HOGARTH, of Southport, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR APPERTAINING TO CARTRIDGES FOR MINING ORDNANCE AND OTHER
PURPOSES."
In cartridges as ordinarily made the powder is apt to be driven out of the gun
or bore hole in part unconsumed. To obviate this, air spaces or chambers are left
in the cartridge, or round it in some cases, but air is not near so effective as oxygen,
as the latter combines more quickly with the carbon. A passage too right through
the centre of the cartridge, open to every surrounding part, yet filled with oxygen
up to the moment of firing, is in my opinion theoretically the most perfect form of
"air space" possible.
Now my Invention in practice accomplishes this. I place a glass bottle or other
cylinder of fragile, but perfectly impervious material, in the centre of the cartridge,
forming a central core and filled with oxygen at atmospheric or higher pressure,
hermetically sealed. The concussion of ignition immediately smashes the bottle to
fragments and forms a central space for the gases and unconsumed powder to rush
in and mix and combine with the oxygen already there. If desirable there can be
several glass cylinders variously placed instead of one.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE RACK SAW BENCH
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grills at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th April 1881.
JOHN GRILLS, of Fursdon Farm, Saint Dominic, in the County of Cornwall.
"AN IMPROVED PORTABLE RACK SAW BENCH."
My Invention relates to the construction of a portable rack saw bench, whereby
I am enabled to cut timber up into planks, &c., on the spot where it is felled, thus
avoiding the necessity of conveying it considerable distances to saw mills for that
purpose.
.I construct such racks or benches as follows:-
A framing mounted on wheels carries, firstly, a spindle with a circular saw at
its front overhanging end, and a driving pulley at its other end, by which it
receives rotary motion through a belt or belts from a portable engine, which at the
same time serves to convey the saw bench to the locality required. In front of
the said frame is fixed a long narrow bench with rollers at distances apart along
its upper surface, on which rollers rests a plate or table for receiving and feeding
forward the timber to be cut, the table being guided by means of a rail on its
underside running in grooves in the rollers. The table has also a toothed rack
along its underside, in gear with which is a pinion on a second shaft parallel with
the saw shaft, and capable of being driven at different speeds, and in contrary.
directions therefrom, by the following arrangements:-The said shaft has a spur
wheel, in gear with which is a pinion on a third shaft, having speed pullies geared
by an open belt with speed pullies on a fourth shaft, which is driven by fast and
loose pullies and belt from the saw shaft. By this gearing variable forward feed
motion can be imparted to the travelling table through the said rack and pinion.
The third above named shaft also carries fast and loose pullies of large diameter,
geared by means of a crossed belt with a small pulley on the saw shaft, so that on
completion of the forward feed of the table, if the open belt from the saw shaft be
shifted from the fast to the loose pulley of the fourth shaft, and the crossed belt
from the saw shaft be shifted to the fast pulley on the third shaft, then the table
will be run backwards at a greater speed than the forward feed. The bench
extends a considerable distance beyond the length of the framing carrying the
gearing, in order to allow for long lengths of timber to be cut. In order therefore

page_text: to render the machine as compact as possible for transport the part of the bench
projecting beyond the framing is constructed of a separate piece from the other
part, to which it is connected by bolts or other suitable detacheable connections,
and its outer end is supported from the ground by adjustable supports, such as
screw jacks. For transport, the said part of the bench is detached from the other
part, and is then laid on the top thereof. If the projecting part is of very con-
siderable length it may be divided into two or more separate detacheable parts,
secured together and supported as described, and if the bench is made to project
at both ends of the frame both such projecting parts may be made detacheable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC BELLS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO RELAYS AND OTHER ELECTRICAL MECHANISM
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Puddicombe Granvillo at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1881.
"
WILLIAM PUDDICOMBE GRANVILLE, of Southgate Road, in the County of
Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC BELLS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO RELAYS
AND OTHER ELECTRICAL MECHANISM."
This Invention has for its object improvements in electric bells, applicable also
to relays and other electrical mechanism.
In electric bells it is usual to employ a stationary electro-magnet which
alternately attracts and releases a moving armature in connection with a hammer
which is thus caused to strike upon a bell. Now according to my Invention I
dispense with the use of any separate armature and so construct the electro-magnet
that one of its poles may be capable of movement to and from the other pole.
I make the core of the magnet of a circular form but divided into two semi-
circular parts which I connect by a hinge joint, or in other ways I provide for the
requisite flexibility. The other or unconnected ends of the core form the poles of
the magnet, and they are in close proximity but not in contact; one of thein is
fixed and the other moveable. The core is wound in the usual way with insulated
wire, and when a current of electricity is passed through the wire, the poles attract
cach other and the moveable pole approaches the fixed pole. I generally arrange
this magnet in a vertical plane with the fixed part uppermost, and then the weight
of the moveable part causes the poles to separate when the circuit is broken, but
a spring may be applied if desired. A contact spring I also fix to the moving part
of the magnet, and the approach of the poles separates this spring from an adjustable
contact point and breaks the electric circuit, which is again completed when the
moveable part of the magnet falls back.
The moveable part of the magnet operates the hammer in any convenient manner;
I provide it with a horn which thrusts against the tail or shorter arm of a bent
lever having a fixed fulcrum, and which lever at its other end is provided with a
head or clapper to strike upon the bell. This hammer falls back by gravity after
the blow has been struck upon the bell, or the return of the hammer may be
brought about by a spring.

page_text: The bell is carried by a support which passes through the ring magnet. The
bell forms a cover to the mechanism which is enclosed as in a box between the bell
and the base block upon which the several parts of the instrument are fixed.
For use in a relay the moveable part of the flexible electro-magnet is arranged
to make and break contacts, as is required of a relay. In some relays it will be 5
convenient that both poles of the electro-magnet should be moveable.
Also the magnet arranged as described may be applied to impart motion to other
electrical mechanism.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR CONTINUALLY LUBRICATING LOOSE PULLEYS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Pitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1881.. A communication from
abroad by D. D. Coath, of Rangoon, Burmah.
86
GEORGE PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey. IMPROVED MEANS FOR
CONTINUALLY LUBRICATING LOOSE PULLEYS." [A communication from abroad by
D. D. Coath, of Rangoon, Burmah.]
This Invention has for its object improved means for continually lubricating loose
pulleys. This is intended to obviate the great amount of trouble and annoyance
occasioned by, and the risk attending, the oiling of loose pulleys in sawmills.
The annexed Drawing shows the arrangement as applied to an ordinary saw
bench, the spindle having a bearing outside the pulleys.
Suppose the spindle to be 2" diameter. A hole A about 7/8" diameter is drilled
along the centre, reaching a little beyond the centre of the loose pulley to be lubri-
cated. Four holes about " diameter B, B, B, B, are drilled from the outside of the
spindle to meet the end of this large centre hole. These holes B, B, B, B, are divided
equally round the circumference of the spindle, but are not placed in the same
vertical plane, being "dodged" about " to avoid weaking the spindle, as would
be the case if all the holes were made in the same plane.
The outer end of the spindle has a brass cap C made to screw over it, so as with
the leather washer D to make an oil tight joint. In the centre of this cap Ca
hole E about " diameter is bored to allow the oil tube from the worsted
lubricator F to pass easily through. This lubricator is supported by a suitable
bracket. The action is as follows:-The lubricator F being furnished with oil and
adjusted, the oil passes through the tube into the hole A in the middle of the
spindle, and thence through whichever of the holes B, B, B, B, happens to be
lowest into the bush of the loose pulley, which is thus kept regularly supplied with
oil, and consequently wear and tear are greatly reduced.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INDI- CATING AUTOMATICALLY THE PRESENCE OF FIRE-DAMP AND OF DANGEROUS OR INJURIOUS GAS OR GASES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stevenson Macdonald at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1881.
WILLIAM STEVENSON MACDONALD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer and Practical Chemist. " IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INDI-
CATING AUTOMATICALLY THE PRESENCE OF FIRE-DAMP AND OF DANGEROUS OR
INJURIOUS GAS OR GASES."
The object of my Invention is to indicate automatically the presence of explosive,
and dangerous, and injurious gas or gases, and thus lessen the risk to life through
explosions in mines, ships' holds, and other places, and prevent injury to health.
I make use of a hollow globe or chamber which I attach to one end of a bar or
beam of wood, metal, or other material, and to the other end of the bar I attach a
counterpoise of lead or other material; this bar is balanced on a "knife-edge" or
other fulcrum so that it remains in a horizontal position while the atmosphere is in
its normal condition; the addition to the atmosphere of explosive gas, such as
carburetted hydrogen, which is lighter than air, will cause the globe to fall and the
counterpoise to rise; and the addition to the atmosphere of heavy gas, such as
carbonic acid gas, will cause the globe to rise and the counterpoise to fall. This
apparatus is portable, but it may be fitted in a mine or other place and connected
by wires to an electric or other indicator in any convenient position.
The globe may be of india-rubber or other material, and it may be attached to a
cord or chain passed over a pulley and provided with a counterpoise, and furnished
with an indicator or connected to a bell if desired.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING LIQUIDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd April 1881. A communication from
abroad by Moritz Honigmann, of Grevenberg, near Aix-la-Chapelle, in the
German Empire.
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING LIQUIDS." (A communication from abroad
by Moritz Honigmann, of Grevenberg, near Aix-la-Chapelle, in the German
Empire.)
This apparatus acts as a suction and force pump for liquids. A cylinder having
below a usual arrangement of suction and delivery valve is provided with a wooden
piston like float, which in its highest position acts on a valve so as to close
communication between the lower part of cylinder and a steam jet appliance in
connection with the top of the cylinder; when the float in its descent comes to its
lowest position it opens the said valve. This may be effected by means of a rod
passing through the float, and by suitable tappet or lever connections.
The steam from the jet appliance flows continuously into the cylinder. When
the float in its descent opens the valve, as stated, the steam jet draws water from
the suction valve, and is itself condensed thereby, and it thus projects a water jet
into the upper part of the cylinder; the vapours in the cylinder are condensed,
thereby causing a partial vacuum which draws in water from the suction valve.
The float rising with the water will when at the top of its lift close the valve, as
stated, and pure steam from the jet appliance will flow into the cylinder and force
the liquid up through the delivery valve until the float has descended again, which
at last opens the valve, and so on.
The surfaces in direct contact with the steam are of course lined with some bad
conductor of heat, and the float prevents to a great extent the direct contact of the
steam with the liquid to be raised.
The characteristic feature of this Invention is, that the steam flows in
continuously and with equal force, and that this jet of steam at a suitable
moment draws water, and thereby causes condensation in the cylinder, that is, that
it at one time forces liquid out, and at another time draws it in.
For the economical working it is advisable to make the suction conduit as large
as possible, and thus shorten the time of suction.
The apparatus is applicable in all places where steam pumps are now used.
AN IMPROVED FEEL FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED
FEEL FOR BOOTS AND SHOES." A communication from abroad by Prosper
Lemarchand, of Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th December 1881.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK of 53 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED HEEL FOR BOOTS AND SHOES."
[A communication from abroad by Prosper Lemarchand, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to the construction of heels for boots and shoes of horn
moulded or otherwise shaped of hollow form and either filled in with a core of
wood, cork, or other material, or simply provided with a top piece of leather. The
heel is fixed to the sole by a plate, bolt and nuts, or by other suitable means.
In the accompanying Drawing, Figure 1 is an clevation of the improved heel;
Figure 2 a plan and Figure 3 a section on line 1-2 Figure 2.
a is the hollow heel of horn, and b the filling or core. The heel a may be made
of a single piece of horn or in sections united in any suitable manner.
Heels of this kind combine elegance of form with great solidity and also
permanently retain their shape.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 16th June 1882.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK of 53 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex Patent Agent. AN IMPROVED HEEL FOR BOOTS AND SHOES."
A communication from abroad by Prosper Lemarchand of Paris, France.
This Invention relates to the construction of heels for boots and shoes of horn,
moulded or otherwise shaped, of hollow form, and either filled in with a core of
wood, cork, or other material, or simply provided with a top piece of leather. The
heel is fixed to the sole by a plate, bolt and nuts or by other suitable means.
The Invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying Drawing
in which Figure 1 is an elevation of the improved heel, Figure 2 a plan and
Figure 3 a section on line 1-2 Figure 2.
a is the hollow heel or wall of the heel, composed of horn, and b the filling or
core. The heel.a_may_be_made_of_a_single_piece_of_horn_or_in_sections united in
any suitable manner.
Heels of this kind combine elegance of form with great solidity and also
permanently retain their shape.
Having described the nature of the said Invention of "An Improved Heel for
Boots and Shoes" and the manner of performing the same I declare that what
I claim as the Invention to be protected by the hereinbefore in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
A heel for boots and shoes made of horn, moulded or otherwise shaped of hollow
form either in a single piece or in sections united together, with or without a
suitable filling, all as hercin before described.
In witness whereof I the said Alexander Melville Clark have hereunto set
my hand and seal this Sixteenth day of June A.D. 1882.
AT D1
A. MELVILLE CL.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FEEDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES TO SCRIBBLING AND CARDING MACHINERY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cliffe and Thomas Edward
Ainley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th February
1881.
WILLIAM CLIFFE, of Golcar, near Huddersfield, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, and THOMAS EDWARD AINLEY, of Golcar aforesaid, Scribbling Engineer.
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FEEDING WOOL AND OTHER
FIBRES TO SCRIBBLING AND CARDING MACHINERY."
This Invention relates to that class of feeding apparatus known as the Scotch, or
Evans and King's, and the improvements consist in the combination and
arrangement of parts whereby the apparatus is rendered more efficient.
The mechanism employed consists of a single or double trough, into which the
fibre falls previous to being placed on the travelling apron of scribbling or carding
machinery. The trough is attached to one end of a lever or weigh beam, and on
the stud or shaft on which the trough is hinged is a pinion capable of gearing in
the teeth of a rack, having a backward and forward movement for the purpose of
tilting the trough and upsetting its contents onto the travelling apron. The
necessary backward and forward motion is given to the rack by means of pegs or
studs on the face of a spur wheel coming into contact with an incline on the said
rack. When the trough is empty the pinion is raised above the teeth of the rack
by means of a weight placed on the end of the lever or weigh beam, but when the
necessary weight of fibre has dropped from the delivery part of the apparatus into
the said trough, the weight thereof causes it to lower into gear with the teeth of
the rack, in order that it may be tilted and emptied; but to insure the pinion
lowering far enough and getting properly into gear with the rack, a rotating
pulley or face plate with pegs or studs is brought into contact with the said lever
or weigh beam, and forces the pinion into the teeth of the rack and keeps it there
until released, while at the same time the descent of the weigh lever acts upon an
upright rod connected to a second lever which brings the end thereof into position
to be acted upon by projections on the driving wheel of the delivery part of the
apparatus, which also acts upon and turns an upright shaft, whereby the strap is
moved from the fast to the loose pulley, and the delivery of the fibre into the
trough is temporarily suspended, but immediately after the trough is emptied other
CD 0.71

page_text: No text detected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Wood Bunning at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1881.
THEOPHILUS WOOD BUNNING, of the Borough and County of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND
TRAMWAYS.'
This Invention relates to improvements in the permanent way of railways and
tramways, by filling up the space left for expansion and contraction between the
ends of the rails, so as to make the rails as 1r as possible as though they were
continuous throughout, and thus prevent or diminish the bumping effect caused
by the wheels of the carriages in passing over the ends of the rails.
For this purpose I insert an india rubber washer or filling piece between each
joint of the rails, which filling piece is kept in its place by the fish plates, or
by other means. The form of the filling pieces may be the same as that of the
section or ends of the rails, or of any other suitable form, and they may be made
either of vulcanized india rubber, or of any other suitable elastic substance capable
of affording sufficient expansion to the rails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF UNITING THE BARRELS OF DOUBLE BARRELLED-GUNS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Raphael Hunter Brandon, of No. 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris, in
the Republic of France, Engineer and Patent Agent, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF UNITING THE BARRELS OF DOUBLE
BARRELLED-GUNS." A communication by Henri Pieper, of Liege, in tho
Kingdom of Belcium Manufacturer
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Raphael Hunter Brandon at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1881.
RAPHAEL HUNTER BRANDON, of No. 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF UNITING
THE BARRELS OF DOUBLE BARRELLED-GUNS." A communication by Henri Pieper,
of Liege, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Manufacturer.
This Invention refers to a new mode of uniting the barrels of double barrelled
guns.
Figure A a, Bb, Cc, and D d are different views and sections of a breech piece
made of steel or other metal to which are attached the connecting hooks; two
conical holes e, e, are bored through this breech piece for receiving the two
barrels Ff and Gg, which are turned conical at their thicker ends, i.e., their
breech end, so as to fit with accuracy in the said conical holes of the breech piece.
The two conical holes in the breech piece are bored in such a way that when
the barrels are introduced therein they meet or touch each other at their muzzle
ends, at which extremities they are united by their insertion in a double link Mm
which sets over the reduced parts o, p. The open space between the two barrels
from the breech end to the double link fitted near the muzzles (see Figure L) is
closed throughout its entire length by means of two strips Rr and S 8.
The widest strip Rr is placed above the barrels and forms the prolongation of
the strip on the breech piece, to which it is attached by two screws t, t (see
Figure Hh); the other end of this strip is fixed upon the double link Mm by
means of a screw u.
The smaller strip Ss is placed in a similar manner on the under part of the
barrels. Finally, the whole is brased together.

page_text: I claim as my Invention the breech piece which unites the two barrels at their
breech ends and the double link which unites the same at their muzzle ends.
In witness whereof, I, the said Raphael Hunter Brandon, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and eighty one.
Witnesses,
F. H. BARTLETT.
H. MÉA.
R. H. BRANDON. - (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES. ADAPTED FOR BICYCLE AND TRICYCLE RIDERS AND OTHER » PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louisa Morton, trading under the name of Morton and
Company, of 6, West Kensington Terrace, West Kensington, in the County of
Middlesex, Boot and Shoe Vendors, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOOTS AND SHOES. ADAPTED FOR BICYCLE AND TRICYCLE RIDERS AND
OTHER »
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louisa Morton at the Office
..of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1881.
LOUISA MORTON, trading under the name of Morton and Company,, of 6, West
Kensington Terrace, West Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, Boot and
Shoe Vendors. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES ADAPTED FOR BICYCLE
AND TRICYCLE RIDERS AND OTHERS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of boots and shoes,
particularly adapted for being worn by bicycle and tricycle riders, professional
pedestrians, and others, owing to the sanitary and other advantages they possess
over ordinary boots and shoes for this purpose.
Evaporation is provided for the escape of exhalations (resulting from excessive
exertion) by means of suitable ventilating holes or openings formed in the uppers,
whereby all moisture is expelled, and the discomfort of damp feet arising from
perspiration is avoided.
A suitable waterproof shield or cover is applied to the upper when required to
prevent rain from entering the ventilating holes or openings.
Openings are formed on each side of this improved bicycle, tricycle, or velocipede
boot, the sides of the openings being connected together by straps (in lieu of
elastic) which afford free play for the muscles of the ankle and foot, thus preventing
weariness on the part of the wearer after long continued use.
Flexibility and lightness of the boot or shoe are secured by employing very
soft leather and suitable light but strong materials in making up this boot or
shoe.
The outer surface of the soles and heels of these improved bicycle, tricycle, and
velocipede boots and shoes are so prepared by being roughened as to give a
velvet like hold upon the treadle of a bicycle or tricycle, and thus facilitate the
mounting and dismounting of the rider without slipping.

page_text: engaged in walking, riding, racing, and other exercises, I would remark that the
form and number of the openings a, a, may be varied without departing from the
character of my Invention, at the same time I do not claim any of the parts
separately, which are well known and in common use, but what I claim is,-
The improved manufacture of boots and shoes having openings, such as a, a,
formed in the uppers so as to give perfect freedom to the foot of the wearer,
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and represented by
Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louisa Morton, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
LOUISA MORTON. (LS.)
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SHEARING, CLIPPING, OR CUTTING THE WOOL AND HAIR OF ANIMALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Roberts Hutton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1881.
THOMAS ROBERTS HUTTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Bank
Manager. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SHEARING, CLIPPING, OR CUTTING THE
WOOL AND HAIR OF ANIMALS."
The object of my Invention is to shear or clip the wool and hair of animals
rapidly and efficiently by a blade or blades driven by steam or other power.
I fit one or other number of radial blades on a shaft that may be driven by an
elastic band or otherwise; this shaft turns in bearings on a suitable frame, and to
this frame are connected prongs or bars, in close proximity to which the radial
blades revolve; when the apparatus is iu use these prongs are pressed against the
hide, and the wool or hair projects between the prongs or bars, and is sheared or
cut off by the blade or blades. A reciprocating motion might be communicated to
the blades instead of a rotary motion if desired.
IMPROVED CLOTHIERS' PRESSING AND IRONING MACHINE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stephen Clark and Robert
Davenport at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February
1881.
WILLIAM STEPHEN CLARK and ROBERT DAVENPORT, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVED CLOTHIERS' PRESSING AND IRONING MACHINE."
Our Invention consists in an improved arrangement and combination of
machinery, whereby coats and other articles of clothing may be rapidly and
efficiently pressed and ironed.
We make use of a light frame, on the top of which we fix a headstock carrying
one shaft in fixed bearing and another shaft in swing bearings.
On each of these shafts is a hollow drum or roller, the peripheries of which run in
contact or almost in contact with each other; the adjustable roller fixed on the shaft
in swing bearings is heated. The two shafts are geared together by spur wheels,
and motion is communicated to them by a treadle or otherwise, and we employ a
pinion, connected to a fly wheel, to reduce the speed.
One end of the connecting rod works on a stud on the fly wheel and the other
end on the crank pin.
The roller on the shaft working in fixed bearings projects slightly above a table,
and above this roller is the adjustable roller, which is raised or lowered to give the
desired pressure by a hand wheel and screw fitted on the bracket or sleeve
carrying the swing bearings.
The article to be pressed or ironed is passed over the table between these two
rollers; one end of the table swings on a quadrant, so that it may be kept level or
lowered at any angle to allow the work to fall off.
The pipe which conveys the gas to heat the adjustable roller is connected to the
swing bearing by a bracket.