IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CRUCIBLES AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hynam, of Deptford, in the County of
Kent, Crucible Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CRUCIBLES AND OTHER HOLLOW
ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS."
Sealed the 6th July 1869, and dated the 10th April 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hynam at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th April 1869.
I, JOHN HYNAM, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Crucible
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CRUCIBLES AND OTHER
HOLLOW ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention of improvements in apparatus for the
manufacture of crucibles and other hollow articles from plastic materials
relates to means of gradually altering the position of the crucible
relatively to that of the shaping tool while the crucible is being shaped,
and of regulating or adjusting the apparatus to make crucibles of various
sizes. For this purpose I connect the revolving table or lathe which

page_text: carries the mould frame and moulds to a lower frame which is pivoted or
hinged at one end, and is free to be moved in the arc of a circle, like a
wicket or gate; adjustable stops regulate the distance to which this
frame can be moved. The plastic material having been put in the
mould, the tool placed therein, and rotary motion imparted to the
revolving table and mould, the lower frame is gradually moved on its
pivot with the revolving table and mould, so as to bring the circum-
ference of the mould gradually nearer the tool until the desired position
is reached, which position is regulated by the adjustable stop according
to the required size of the crucible; or instead of moving the lower
frame on a pivot I move it in a straight line by a scrow or otherwise.
When the crucible has thus been shaped the lower frame and revolving
table are moved back, so as to return the tool to the centre of the
mould clear of the plastic material.
The second part of my Invention is intended to facilitate the removal
of the moulded crucible or other hollow article from the mould, and
consists in constructing the mould and mould frame in halves, and in
connecting the halves to levers, so that when a crucible is finished the
attendant by acting on the levers moves the half mould frames with the
half moulds outwards, or apart, leaving the crucible standing on an
elevated part of the revolving table; after the crucible has been removed
the half moulds and mould frames are returned to position. The
revolving table is provided with guides in which the half mould frames
move.
The third part of my Invention is intended to regulate or adjust the
distance of the tool from the revolving table, so as to adapt the apparatus
for the manufacture of crucibles of various thicknesses. For this
purpose I connect to the revolving table a rack and pinion, or a screw,
or other mechanical appliance, by means of which the said table may be
raised or lowered according to requirement. Or instead of making the
table adjustable I make the tool adjustable in its carrier by means of a
slot and tightening screw or otherwise.
The fourth part of my Invention relates to the raising of the tool from
the crucible after the shaping has been effected, and to the securing of
the tool when at work. For this purpose I fit springs to the tool
carrier, so that they raise the tool carrier with the tool when the carrier
is free, and I secure the carrier when the tool is at work by dovetail
slides which move in a horizontal beam in which the carrier is fitted.

page_text: The fifth part of my Invention relates to the mode of driving the
revolving table in order to regulate the speed as required. My improve-
ment herein consists in driving the table by frictional gearing, the
position of one of the friction rollers or wheels, which works against the
face of another wheel, being adjustable, so that it may be made to work
at a greater or less distance from the centre of the last-named wheel;
the nearer it works to the centre the greater will be the speed
imparted.
My Invention further consists in fitting the shaping tool in a socket,
so that it is free to receive rotary motion on its axis from the friction or
action of the plastic material in the revolving mould.
My Invention also further consists in making the tool capable of being
expanded by a screw or a lever acting on jointed levers in the tool, or by
cams or otherwise, to various shapes, so that I can shape hollow articles
of enlarged internal diameter at the bottom or at any other part, as
required. When the shaping of the article has been completed the tool
is contracted to allow of its being lifted out.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Hynam in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 9th October 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HYNAM, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Crucible Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-second
year of her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Hynam, Her special licence that
I, the said John Hynam, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John Hynam, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,

page_text: and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF CRUCIBLES AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES PROM PLASTIC
MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Hynam, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Hynam, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say :-
The first part of my Invention of improvements in apparatus for the
manufacture of crucibles and other hollow articles from plastic materials
relates to means of gradually altering the position of the crucible
relatively to that of the shaping tool while the crucible is being shaped,
and of regulating or adjusting the apparatus to make crucibles of various
sizes. For this purpose I connect the revolving table or lathe which
carries the mould frame and moulds to a lower frame which is pivoted
or hinged at one end, and is free to be moved in the arc of a circle, like
a wicket or gate; adjustable stops regulate the distance to which this
frame can be moved. The plastic material having been put in the
mould, the tool placed therein, and rotary motion imparted to the
revolving table and mould the lower frame is gradually moved on its
pivot with the revolving table and mould, so as to bring the circum-
ference of the mould gradually nearer the tool until the desired
position is reached, which position is regulated by the adjustable stop
according to the required size of the crucible; or instead of moving
the lower frame on a pivot I move it in a straight line by a screw or
otherwise. When the crucible has thus been shaped the lower frame
and revolving table are moved back, so as to return the tool to the centre
of the mould clear of the plastic material.
The second part of my Invention is intended to facilitate the removal
of the moulded crucible or other hollow article from the mould, and
consists in constructing the mould and mould frame in halves, and
in connecting the halves to levers, so that when a crucible is finished

page_text: the attendant, by acting on the levers, moves the half mould frames
with the half moulds outwards, or apart, leaving the crucible standing
on an elevated part of the revolving table; after the crucible has been
removed the half moulds and mould frames are returned to position.
The revolving table is provided with guides, in which the half mould
frames move.
The third part of my Invention is intended to regulate or adjust
the distance of the tool from the revolving table, so as to adapt the
apparatus for the manufacture of crucibles of various thicknesses. For
this purpose I connect to the revolving table a rack and pinion, or a
screw, or other mechanical appliance, by means of which the said
table may be raised or lowered according to requirement; or instead
of making the table adjustable I make the tool adjustable in its carrier
by means of a slot and tightening screw or otherwise.
The fourth part of my Invention relates to the raising of the tool
from the crucible after the shaping has been effected, and to the
securing of the tool when at work. For this purpose I fit springs to
the tool carrier, so that they raise the tool carrier with the tool when
the carrier is free, and I secure the carrier when the tool is at work
by dovetail slides which move in a horizontal beam in which the carrier
is fitted.
The fifth part of my Invention relates to the mode of driving the
revolving table in order to regulate the speed as required. My im-
provement herein consists in driving the table by frictional gearing,
the position of one of the friction rollers or wheels, which works against
the face of another wheel, being adjustable, so that it may be made
to work at a greater or less distance from the centre of the last-named
wheel; the nearer it works to the centre the greater will be the speed
imparted.
My Invention further consists in fitting the shaping tool in a socket,
so that it is free to receive rotary motion on its axis from the friction or
action of the plastic material in the revolving mould.
My Invention also further consists in making the tool capable
of being expanded by a screw or a lever acting on jointed levers in
the tool, or by cams or otherwise, to various shapes, so that I can
shape hollow articles of enlarged internal diameter at the bottom
or at any other part, as required. When the shaping of the article

page_text: has been completed the tool is contracted to allow of its being lifted
out.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I have
annexed a Sheet of Drawings showing the manner in which my
improvements may be carried into effect.
Figure 1 is a front elevation; Figure 2, an elevation of the right-hand
side; and Figure 3, a plan, partly in section, of a machine constructed
according to some of my improvements herein-before explained.
A, A, is the outer frame of the machine; B, B, is an inner frame
free to be moved up and down in the frame A, A, as herein-after
explained; C, C, is a third frame situated within the frame B, B; D is
the shaping tool carried by a horizontal beam E at the upper part of
the frame A, A.; F is the revolving table or lathe carrying the mould
frame G, G, and the mould H. The table F is connected to the frame C
below it, the rotating spindle J, which carries the table, being supported
at bottom in a step in the frame, and this frame is pivoted or hinged
at I, and is free to be moved on this pivot in the arc of a circle; for this
purpose the frame C is provided with a portion or segment of a worm
wheel or toothed wheel K, the curve of which is struck from the pivot I
as a centre; into this segment K gears a worm or screw L turning in
bearings M, M, in the frame B, and provided with a crank handle N.
Thus when the plastic material has been put in the mould H, the tool D
placed therein, and rotary motion has been imparted to the table F and
the mould, the attendant turns the handle N, so that the screw L by
gearing into the toothed segment K causes the latter with the frame C,
table F, and mould H to move gradually forward on the centre I, so as
to bring the circumference of the mould gradually nearer the tool until
the desired position is reached. The distance to which the frame C and
other parts can be moved on the centre I is limited by stops 0, 0,
adjustable in a slot P. Qis a pin on the frame C, and working in a
slot R to come against the stops O when the limit has been reached;
R', R', are friction rollers on the frame C. I do not limit myself to the
particular mode described and shown of imparting motion to the frame C
and other parts on the centre I, as other mechanism might be substituted
for the segment K and screw L; nor do I limit myself to moving the
frame C on a pivot or centre, as it may be moved in a straight line
by a screw or otherwise, although I prefer the curvilinear movement.
The mould frame G, G, and the mould H are each made in halves, and

page_text: the halves are free to be moved in horizontal guides S, S, in the table F
by means of levers T, T, centred at U, and connected to the half mould
frames by arms V, V, which are hooked on to pins W on the mould
frames. Thus when a crucible is finished the attendant attaches the
arms V to the pins W and then moves out the levers T, so that the half
mould frames and half moulds are separated and the crucible is left
standing on an elevated part X of the table F; the arms V may be
flexible, so as to accommodate themselves to varying heights of the table.
Y, Y, are stops to limit the outward movement of the levers T. When
the table is rotating the half mould frames are held together by hooks Z
or otherwise. I do not limit myself to the arrangement just described
for separating the half mould frames, as other arrangements may be
adopted; for instance, a shaft formed with a right and left handed screw,
as represented at a in Figure 4, may be carried through nuts 6 in the
half mould frames, so that by rotating the shaft a by a cranked handle
or otherwise the half frames are separated or are drawn together
according to the direction in which the handle is turned. This arrange-
ment is more particularly adapted for large crucible moulds. From the
bottom of the frame B a screw c is carried down through a nut in the
bed of the machine, and is provided with bevel gearing d, d, actuated
by a crank handle e, so that the frame B can be raised or lowered in the
outer frame A to any required distance to move the table F up to and
from the tool D, and according to the thickness of the crucible to bo
manufactured. Instead of by the screw c the table F may be raised and
lowered by means of a rack and pinion or other suitable mechanical
appliance. As before mentioned I in some cases make the tool adjustable
vertically in its carrier.
When it is preferred to bring the tool down to the mould instead of
having the tool incapable of receiving a vertical movement, as is shown
in Figures 1 and 2, I adopt the arrangement represented in Figure 5.
In this case the tool D is fitted in a carrier f, from which springs g, I,
are carried up to and secured at any convenient point, and the beam E
receives dovetail slides h, h, which serve to secure the carrier f to the
beam. Thus when a crucible is finished the slides h, h, are moved
outwards, and the carrier f is released from the beam E, so that the
springs g, g, can lift it clear of the crucible.
The manner in which I impart rotary motion to the table F and
reculate the speed as required is by means of the friction wheels i. k:

page_text: the wheel k is keyed on the vertical spindle J on which the table is
mounted, while the wheel i is carried on a shaft m, to which rotary
motion is imparted by means of a strap carried round the pulleys n.
The position of the wheel i is adjustable on its shaft m by means of a
lever o provided with a piece o¹ to take into the wheel i, and centred at
the back of the machine, so that this wheel may be made to work at a
greater or less distance from the centre of the wheel k, and so regulate
the speed as required. 03 is a pin on an upright o³ to guide the lever o
through which it passes; o' is a bracket or bearing for the shaft m; pis
a feather on the shaft m for the wheel i to slide on. In order to increase
the adhesion or friction between the wheels i and k I prefer to make
shallow furrows or grooves in the under face of the wheel k, and to
cover the periphery of the wheel i with india-rubber or other suitable
yielding material. The shaping tool D, Figures 1 and 2, is fitted in a
socket, as shown, so as to receive rotary motion on its axis from the
friction or action of the plastic material in the revolving mould, instead
of being a fixture as heretofore. A better surface is thus given to the
inside of the article under operation.
One mode in which the tool may be made capable of expansion, as
herein-before described, is represented in Figure 6. q is the working
edge of the tool hinged at its upper end to a bar or rod » which forms
the inner edge of the same; 8, 8, are jointed levers in the tool connected
to a screw t which passes through a nut u, and is provided with a
handle v. When the tool is put into the mould the screw is at its
higher position, and the lower end of the edge q overlaps the bottom of
the barr; but as the work proceeds the screw is gradually lowered so as
to cause the levers 8 to force out the working edge q to its proper
position. When the shaping of the article has been completed the tool
is again contracted so as to allow of its being removed from the article.
These expending and contracting tools not only apply to shaping articles
of enlarged internal diameter at the bottom or at any other part,
but also, in the case of small articles, enable me to do without a
horizontal or traversing motion both of the tool and of the mould.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my
Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Crucibles and
other Hollow Articles from Plastic Materials,"―
"
First. Fitting the revolving table or lathe so that it is capable of

page_text: receiving a horizontal motion during the shaping of a crucible or other
article, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein-before
described; and I claim more particularly fitting the said table so that
it is capable of receiving a curvilinear horizontal motion, substantially
as herein-before described.
Second. Fitting the revolving table or lathe so that it is capable of
receiving a vertical motion, substantially as herein-before described.
Third. Arranging apparatus in such manner that the revolving table
or lathe is capable of receiving both a horizontal motion and a vertical
motion, substantially as herein-before described.
Fourth. Constructing the mould frames and moulds in halves so that
they may be divided or opened out, substantially in the manner and for
the purpose herein-before described.
Fifth. Making the shaping tool adjustable vertically in its carrier,
substantially as herein-before described.
Sixth. The mode or means of raising the tool from the mould and of
securing the tool when at work, substantially as herein-before described.
Seventh. The arrangement for driving the revolving table and regu-
lating the speed of the same, substantially as herein-before described.
Eighth. Fitting the shaping tool in a socket so that it is free to
receive rotary motion on its axis, substantially as herein-before
described.
Ninth. Constructing shaping tools so that they are capable of being
expanded, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hynam, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of October One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
J. C. MEWBURN,
Patent Agent,
172, Fleet Street, London.
JOHN HYNAM. (L.S.)