IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS DESIGNED TO BE USED AS FUEL, OR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LIME CEMENT, PLASTER, AND ARTIFICIAL STONE
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to The Reverend Granville Hamilton Forbes, of
Broughton Rectory, in the County of Northampton, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS DESIGNED TO BE USED AS FUEL,
OR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LIME CEMENT, PLASTER, AND ARTIFICIAL
STONE."
Sealed the 23rd January 1874, and dated the 3rd October 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Rev. Granville Hamilton
Forbes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3rd October 1873.
I, The Reverend GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES, of Broughton
Rectory, in the County of Northampton, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS DESIGNED TO BE
USED AS FUEL, OR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LIME CEMENT, PLASTER, AND ARTI-
FICIAL STONE." to be as follows :-

page_text: ---
LCD, C, IL, L'orves Improvements in Compounds for Luet, Cement, qu.
me, and is designed to improve the various compounds, and in some
cases to simplify the process of manufacture described in the said
Specifications.
The principle common to all my previous Inventions is the com-
bination of combustible matter with the materials commonly used in
the manufacture of lime and cement, for which purpose I used tar or
pitch (or similar bituminous substances) in some cases with or without
peat, and in some cases with or without animal or vegetable oil, or fat,
or fatty matter; also (in certain cases) with or without naphtha, or
petroleum, or similar mineral oil.
According to my present Invention I vary the method of carrying
out this principle by using in certain cases peat without tar or pitch,
or similar bitumen with or without animal or vegetable oil, or fat,
or fatty matter, and with or without naphtha, or petroleum, or other
mineral oil.
In carrying this Invention into practice I proceed as follows:-As
regards the Letters Patent, Numbers 1191, 1204, 1816, and 1832,
A.D. 1873, I may combine peat in each case with the cement-making
materials without the tar or pitch, or similar bituminous substance
therein specified, increasing the proportion of peat in certain cases.
As regards the Letters Patent, Numbers 1407, 1764, and 1999, A.D.
1873, I combine peat in each case with the cement-making materials
with or without the tar or pitch, or similar bituminous substance
therein specified, and with or without the oil or oils specified in
Number 1407.
In all the above cases I may use peat charcoal instead of peat, or in
combination with the same.
I also modify my method of procedure described in the Specification
of Letters Patent Number 835 in the following particulars :-
First. By using any description of peat for producing a lime suitable
for building purposes, instead of confining myself to the particular
description in that caso specified. I prefer however to use the hard
black peat.
Secondly. By baking the compound of peat and the other material
or materials in that instance specified for only so long a time as is
sufficient to dry the pieces or blocks, instead of baking them for 24

page_text: hours, as described in the aforesaid Specification. Also, instead of
baking the compound at a temperature of 280°, I use a lower tem--
perature, or instead of drying the, compound by artificial heat I dry it:
without any artificial heat.
Thirdly. By increasing in this instance the proportion of peat used.
As regards the Invention described in the Specification of my former
Letters Patent, Number 1204, A.D. 1878, I modify the composition of
the compound by using vegetable or animal oil, or fat, or fatty matter
(or a combination of them) without any naphtha, with or without
petroleum or other mineral oil.
I may modify the composition of the compound specified in my said
former Patents by using the ammonia water of gas works (or an equi
valent for the same), in combination with the other ingredients of these
compounds.
I may also use ammonia water (or its equivalent) with the improved
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the Rev. Granville Hamilton Forbes in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 1st April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, The.
Reverend GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES, of Broughton Rectory, in the
County of Northampton, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of October, in the year of
our Lord Ono thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Reverend Granville Hamilton Forbes,
Her special licence that I, the said Reverend Granville Hamilton Forbes,.
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Reverend Granville Hamilton Forbes,-my-exccutors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from time to
time and at all times_thereafter-during-the-term therein expressed,.
=
་

page_text: present Invention to that part of the said Invention which relates to
the manufacture of Portland cement from chalk and clay.
i.
I vary the method of procedure described in the Specification of the
said Letters Patent in the following particulars:-After having intimatoly
mixed the chalk and clay therein specified with sufficient water in a
mortar mill in the manner usually employed in the manufacture of
Portland cement, I add dry peat, or partially dry peat, in dust or powder;
the effect of this is to absorb a considerable quantity of the water,
and to obviate the necessity of running the fluid paste into "backs”
or reservoirs for the purpose of evaporating the superflous water. After
having thoroughly incorporated the peat with the compound of chalk
and clay by the action of the mill, I remove the compound thus
formed from the mill, and if necessary, having allowed it first to
dry sufficiently, I form it into lumps or pieces of a convenient size
3 and bake them in an oven. The lumps or pieces are then burnt in
a kiln with a small quantity of coal, or coal breeze, or other fuel,
less fuel being necessary than in the common method of manufacturing
Portland cement. After the compound has been sufficiently burnt it
is reduced to a fine powder by suitable means, and is then ready for use
as coment.
Instead of the above method I sometimes use the following:-After
taking the lumps or pieces of the compound from the oven, or other
placo where they have been baked, I soak them in tar or similar
bituminous substance before placing them in the kiln; or tar or similar
bituminous substances may be poured upon them. This will of course
render the calcination of the compound more easy, and will render the
employment of other fuel less necessary; but a small quantity of coal
or breeze should still be used.
In some cases I mix petroleum or similar hydrocarbon oil with the
tar or similar bituminous substance. I mix the oil with the tar or
similar bituminous substance before placing the lumps or picces of
the compound in it. The proportion will vary from 1 to 4 parts of
the oil to 16 parts of the tar.
As regards my present improvements upon No. 1999, I follow the
same method of procedure as that above described, using the materials
mentioned in the Specification of the said Letters Patent (with the
exception-of-the-tar), and adding peat in the manner above described.

page_text: Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I claim,-
First. The improved compound for manufacturing cements made by
intimately combining solid fuel, or solid and liquid fuel, with the
cement-making materials before calcination.
Second. The employment of peat in compound for the manufacture
of Portland cement, for the purpose of absorbing a portion of the water
used in mixing the materials.
Third. The employment of peat in combination with foul lime (or
foul lime and chalk or limestone), or foul lime and chalk and clay,
as herein described and for the purposes specified.
Fourth. The employment of tar or similar bituminous substance
with the substances mentioned under the second head of this Speci-
fication.
Fifth. The employment of petroleum or similar hydrocarbon oil or
spirit in combination with tar or similar bituminous substance, and
the substances mentioned under the second head of this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Granville Hamilton Forbes, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of March, in
the yeare of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
Witness,
GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES. (L.S.)
RICHARD PERKINS,
Farmer,
Broughton,
Northamptonshire.