Improvements in and relating to Level Indicators, Clinometers and similar Instruments.
Year: 1896

page_text: IDIONAL
ICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Level Indicators, Clinometers and
similar Instruments.
I, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS DAVIES, A.M.I.C.E. of Belvedere, Lampton Road,
Hounslow, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
My invention pertains to improvements in level indicators and similar instru-
ments whereby I am enabled to readily produce an instrument that shall be
accurate and easy in application and which can be applied for testing level
planes, transverse perpendicular planes and the degree of divergence of any plane
from the horizontal or perpendicular, while I am also enabled to ascertain the rise
or fall from one of two points; and I am enabled further to test the level or
ascertain the difference in level or the degree of inclination of two points in a line
of intervening irregularities of surface.
In carrying my invention into effect I provide a wood on metal block having its
upper and lower faces truly planed and parallel; and I provide upon its lateral
face a pendulum indicator which I mount upon a pivot disposed within a casing
inserted into the block which has its flange or face flush with the lateral surface
of the block.
Upon the face of this casing I provide a series of circular graduations having
each quadrant graduated to 90 degrees and having the zero indication disposed when
the block is placed upon a level plane in accurate alignment with the finger of the
pendulum indicator above and below.
I sometimes prefer to provide a second series of graduations in which zero is
disposed in transverse line, so that on the application of the instrument to a per-
pendicular surface the truth of the plane may he tested or the degree of inclination
from the vertical may be accurately ascertained.
The casing upon which the graduations-are provided has secured thereupon a
glass disc so as to protect the pendulum indicator; and the casing and graduations
are provided in such a position as to be true to each of the planes of the block.
It is obvious that instead of a pendulum indicating finger I may provide a
weighted disc having the graduations formed upon its periphery and indicators
provided upon a casing and fixed in relation to the block so that the inclination
of the block could be indicated in relation to the pendulum disc which would
always remain vertically disposed by the action of gravity.
.I provide at each extremity of the wood block, perpendicular to its true planes, a
slide which is vertically movable within a slot suitably formed and which is
provided with an index finger, and an index of graduations of measurement is pro-
vided upon the slot plate, so that the slide may be moved downwardly, or if

page_text: proferred in either direction, and the extent of movement of its index finger
from zero would indicate the corresponding projection of the extremity of the
slide from the surface of the true plane.
The slide is capable of being fixed in any position by means of a milled head
nut which, by producing frictional contact of the slide with the underside of
the slot plate, rigidly fixes its position, while at the same time the milled head nut
when unscrewed enables the slide to be moved.
It will be seen that on the application of the instrument to a surface and on the
adjustment of the respective slides so as to produce a zero indication of the
pendulum index finger, that the difference in reading of the vertical slides will
give the actual rise or fall of one or other of the points.
The adjustment of these vertical slides to a corresponding extent will enable the
level, or degree of inclination from the level, of two points to be ascertained.
The vertical slides may be suitably provided as to be capable of horizontal
extension so as to be applied to surfaces or points at a greater distance apart than
the length of the instrument.
It will be understood that the improvements which are the subject matter of
my invention may be adapted to engineers' levels, theodolites, dials boning rods,
and builders' levels and in substitution of plumb bobs and generally may be
applied in substitution of a spirit level indicator.
Doted this 24th day of October 1896.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.
Improvements in and relating to Level Indicators, Clinometers and
similar Instruments.
I, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS DAVIES, A.M.I.C.E. of Belvedere, Lampton Road,
Hounslow, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention pertains to improvements in level indicators and similar instru-
ments whereby I am enabled to readily produce an instrument that shall be
accurate and easy in application and which can be applied for testing level
planes, transverse perpendicular planes and the degree of divergence of any plane
from the horizontal or perpendicular, while I am also enabled to ascertain the rise
or fall from one of two points; and I am enabled further to test the level or
ascertain the difference in level or the degree of inclination of two points in a line
of intervening irregularities of surface.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 represents in side and part sectional elevation a level indicator made
in accordance with the present invention; while,
Figure 2 is a plan thereof,
Figure 3 a sectional end elevation on the line ab (Figure 1), and,
Figure 4 a side elevation.
In carrying my invention into effect as illustrated in the accompanying draw-
ings I provide a wood or metal block A having its upper and lower faces a, b,
truly plane and parallel; and I provide upon its lateral face a pendulum
indicator D which I mount upon a pivot C disposed within the casing 1) inserted

page_text: into the block A which has its flange or face D¹ flush with the lateral surface
of the block.
Upon the face of this casing I provide a series of circular graduations Da
having each quadrant graduated to 90 degrees and having the zero indication
disposed when the block is placed upon a level plane in accurate alignment with
the finger of the pendulum indicator B above and below as illustrated in Figure 1.
sometimes prefer to provide a second series of graduations in which zero
is disposed in transverse line so that on the application of the instrument to a
perpendicular surface the truth of the plane may be tested or the degree of
inclination from the vertical may be accurately ascertained.
The casing upon which the graduations are provided has secured thereupon a
glass disc E so as to protect the pendulum indicator B; and the casing D and
graduations I are provided in such a position as to be true to each of the planes
of the block.
It is obvious that instead of a pendulum indicating finger B I may provide a
weighted disc having the graduations formed upon its periphery and indicators
provided upen the casing and fixed in relation to the block so that the inclination
of the block could be dicated in relation to the pendulum disc which would
always remain vertically disposed by the action of gravity.
perpendicular to its true planes,
I provide at each extremity of the wood block
a slide F which is vertically movable within a slot suitably formed and which is
provided with an index finger G and an index of graduations of measurement H
is provided upon the slot plate I, so that the slide may be moved downwardly or
if preferred in either direction, and the extent of movement of its index finger G
from zero would indicate the corresponding projection of the extremity of the
slide F from the surface of the true plane.
The slide is capable of being fixed in any position by means of a milled head
nut J which, by producing frictional contact of the slide F with the underside
of the slot plate I rigidly fixes its position, while at the same time the milled
head nut J when unscrewed enables the slide F to be moved.
It will be seen that on the application of the instrument to a surface and on the
adjustment of the respective slides F so as to produce a zero indication of the
pendulum index finger B, that the difference in reading of the vertical slides F will
give the actual rise or fall of one or the other of the points.
F
may
suitably
as
to
The adjustment of these vertical slides F to a corresponding extent will enable
be
the level or degree of inclination from the level of two points to be ascertained.
be
provided
slides
The vertical
capable of horizontal extension so as to be applied to surfaces or points at a
greater distance apart than the length of the instrument, in such a case the slot
plate I would be horizontally adjustable upon the block A instead of being fixed
as indicated in Figure 1.
It will be understood that the improvements which are the subject matter
of my invention may be adapted to engineers' levels, theodolites, dials, boning
rods and builders' levels and in substitution of plumb bobs and generally may,
5 be applied in substitution of a spirit level indicator.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In level indicators, clinometers and similar instruments the provision of
0 slides such as F at the respective extremities of the instrument or otherwise on
the instrument substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and as
illustrated.
2. In level indicators, clinometers and similar instruments the provision of
slides such as F at the respective extremities of the instrument or otherwise upon
5 the instrument and capable of extension thereupon substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described and as illustrated.

page_text: 3. A level indicator, clinometer or similar instrument constructed as and for
the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated.
Dated 01
T .
1008
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.