IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF SPRINGS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Spencer, of the firm of Jolin Spencer &
Sons, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Steel and Spring Manufacturers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF
SPRINGS."
Sealed the 8th February 1859, and dated the 22nd November 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Spencer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
November 1858.
I, THOMAS SPENCER, of the firm of John Spencer & Sons, of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, Steel and Spring Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION
OF SPRINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates in the first place to certain improvements upon the
springs at present manufactured by us and known as Baillie's volute spring,
and these improvements consist in preparing the coils with ribs or projections
upon them for the purpose of strengthening the coil and also of preventing the
coils pressing their whole surface upon each other when the spring is com-
pressed; these ribs or projections may be formed upon the coil in any position
or direction.
The improvements further relate to springs of the ordinary construction or
laminated springs, and consist in the dispensing with the slits and their
accompanying studs or nibs at present used in the construction of these

page_text: springs. This object we accomplish by forming at the ends of the plates small
hollow ribs or projections, the under side or cavity formed in making these
ribs upon the upper plates fitting upon the ribsor projections upon the under
plates or vice versa.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Spencer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th May 1859.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
SPENCER, of the firm of John Spencer and Sons, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Steel and Spring Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
Her reigu, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Thomas Spencer, Her special license that. 1, the said Thomas Spencer,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Thomas Spencer, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF SPRINGS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Thomas Spencer, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Spencer, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates in the first place to certain improvements upon
the springs at present manufactured by us and known as "Baillie's volute
spring," and the improvements consist in forming the coils with ribs or pro-
jections upon them for the purpose of strengthening the coils and preventing

page_text: them from pressing or rubbing.their whole surface upon each other when the
spring is being compressed; these ribs or projections may be formed upon the
coils in any position or direction.
The improvements further relate to springs of the ordinary construction or
laminated springs, and consist in the dispensing with the, slits and their
accompanying studs or ribs at present used in the construction of these
springs. This object we accomplish by forming at the ends of the plates small
hollow ribs or projections, the under side or cavity formed in making these
ribs upon the upper plates fitting upon the ribs or projections upon the under
plates or vice versa.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I
shall refer to the several figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
thesame letters of reference iudicating corresponding parts throughout allthe
corresponding figures.
Figure of the annexed Sheet of Drawings represents a full sized vertical
section of the spring known as "Baillie's volute spring," constructed accord-
ing to my Invention; and Figure 2 is a detail of a portion of the spring plate
uncoiled with the ribs or projections rolled thereon.
A is the body of the spring plate; and B, B, are two ribs or projections
whichare formed thereonbeforetheplateis coiled for thepurposeof strengthen-
ing the plate and reducing its frictional wear when formed into a spring by
causing each coil of the plate to rub only against two portious of the next
coil in lieu of against the entire surface of the plate, such rubbing parts being
the projecting ribs before referred to, and clearly shewn in Figure 1 of the
Drawings.
Figures 3, 4, and 5, represent respectively a side elevation, a plan and an
end view of au ordinary or laminated spring, constructed according to another
portion of my Invention; Figure 6 is a detail plan of the plates detached;
and Figure 7 is a transverse section full size along the line 1-2, in Figure 1.
A. A, are the small hollow ribs or projections herein-before referred to which
are formed (by stamping or otherwise) at the ends of the several plates B, B,
in such a manner that the convex or projecting portion of one rib will fit
into the concave or recessed portion formed by the hollow of the rib on the
next plate, as will be clearly seen on referring to Figures 4, 5, and 7.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention,and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not confine or restrict myself
to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe

page_text: or refer to, as variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the
principles or main features of my said Invention; but what I consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general constructions, arrangements, and combinations of parts of
springs as herein-before described.
Second, the forming of ribs or projections upon plates intended to be
manufactured into what are known as Baillie's volute springs for the purpose
herein-before described.
Third, the forming at each end of the plates of ordinary or laminated
springs a hollow rib or projection for the purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Spencer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of May, One thousand eighthundred
and fifty-nine.
THOMAS SPENCER. (L.s.)