Improvements in Carriers for Abrasive Hand Tools such as Files.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Aug., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 5th May, 1898- Accepted, 23rd July, 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Carriers for Abrasive Hand Tools such as Files.
I, HANS FOCKE, of Radeberg, near Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony, and
Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:
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Since machine tools have attained their present degree of perfection, and more
particularly cutting machines, slotting machines and shaping machines, the
requirements for those hand tools which are known generally as files have com-
pletely changed. Heavy rough work which was previously carried out by means
of twelve to fourteen pound "arm-files," or, as regards well formed castings, with
straw-packed" or German files, is now effected, owing to the division of labour
rendered necessary by the present methods of machine manufacture, almost
exclusively by means of machine tools, and the file is at the present time a tool
which at the most serves for fitting purposes. Workmen decidedly object to use
heavy files, and machines perform the work of shaping the outlines both more
exactly and more cheaply than it can be done by hand.
The object of this invention is, whilst taking into account this change in the
conditions, not to render the tool in any wise less serviceable, and the advantage
which it presents will be evident when the fact is stated that the cost of the files
does not amount to more than a fractional part of the present price and the weight
of a complete assortment of files is not greater than the weight of a single file
of medium weight as hitherto made.
This change is effected by making one and the same file carrier serve for holding
files of all cuts, whilst the device for fixing the files in the carrier is adaptable
to files of the most deverse thicknesses, without it being necessary to separate such
fastening device from the carrier, as has hitherto been the case.
The improved file-carrier may be made of wood and the handle is preferably
made in one piece with the said carrier. For the larger kinds of file the carrier
may advantageously be formed with a slot passing right through it and somewhat
wider at the middle than at the ends, in order to impart a certain degree of
elasticity to the tool. The file blade may be cut on both sides and may rest on
an intermediate layer which becomes thicker towards its (longitudinal) middle
point than at its extremities. This inserted part is usually of some softer material
than the file-carrier, such as paste board or soft wood for example, and its
purpose is to impart to the surface of the file the customary curvature.
The devices for fixing the file-blade are specially designed to enable file-blades
of different thicknesses to be securely held by precisely the same fastening devices
without the heads of such devices projecting in any case.
All that is necessary, in order that the workman may change a file-blade in the
file carrier, is to turn the screw in the dovetail-shaped metal part which is let in
to the file carrier at the point of the said file, press back the file-blade upon the
rectangular head at the tang or rear end and raise it, in order that, owing to the
amount of play thus obtained, the blade also becomes free at the point. By a
reversal of this manipulation a fresh file may be inserted and fixed. The screw is
screwed to a greater or less depth into the metal nut according to the thickness
El blade

page_text: Instead of a wooden carrier the whole file carrier may be made of papier-mache
or, where a very small weight is not required, it may be of malleable cast metal.
Instead of forming the file carrier and handle in one piece, the carrier may of
course be formed, like files of the old pattern, with a tang.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
T.. 7
Improvements in Carriers for Abrasive Hand Tools such´as Files:
:
I, HANS FOCKE, of Radeberg, near Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony, and
Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to carriers or. holders for abrasive hand tools such as files.
Since machine tools have attained their present degree of perfection, and more
particularly cutting machines, slotting machines and shaping machines, the
requirements for the kind of hand tools which are known generally as files have
completely changed.
Heavy rough work which was previously effected by means of twelve to fourteen.
pound "arm-files," or, as regards well formed castings, with "straw-packed" or
German files, is now effected, owing to the division of labour rendered necessary
by the present methods of machine manufacture, almost exclusively by means
of machine-tools, and the file is at the present time a tool which at the most serves
for fitting purposes. Workmen have a decidedly aversion to the use of heavy
files, and machines perform the work of shaping the outlines more exactly and
also more cheaply than it can be done by hand.
The object of this invention is, whilst taking into account this change in the
conditions, not to render the tool in any wise less serviceable, and the advantages
which it presents will be evident when the fact is stated that the cost of the files
does not amount to more than a fractional part of the present price and the
weight of a complete assortment of files is not greater than the weight of a single
file of medium weight as hitherto made.
This change is effected by adapting one and the same file carrier to serve for
holding files of any desired cut, whilst the devices for fixing the files in the said
carrier may be used for files of any thickness, without the necessity of separating
such devices from the carrier so that the trouble and annoyance occasioned by
the loss of the same as has hitherto been the case, is entirely obviated.
In the accompanying drawing I have shewn how the file blades are fastened
to their carrier and also the manner of forming these carriers.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a file and file carrier constructed according
to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section to an enlarged scale of the point or front end
of the holder and file, showing the means for securing the file blade at that end
and.
Figure 4 is a similar view showing the means for securing the blade at the
opposite end.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures of
the drawing.
Referring to Figure 1 T is the file-carrier made of wood, the handle G of
which is preferably made in one piece with the said carrier. For the larger kinds

page_text: of file the carrier may advantageously be formed with a slot S passing right
through it and made somewhat wider at the middle than at the ends, in order to
impart a certain degree of elasticity to the tool. f is a file blade cut on both sides
and p an intermediate layer which is made thicker towards the middle point than
at its extremities. This insertion is usually composed of some softer material
than the file-carrier, such as paste board or soft wood for example, and its purpose
is to impart to the surface of the file the customary curvature.
The devices for fixing the file-blade are shewn in Figures and 4 drawn to a
larger scale, and they are specially designed to enable file-blades of different
thicknesses to be securely held by precisely the same fastening devices without
the heads of such devices projecting in any case.
The fastening device at the outer end consists of a block m which is let into
the carrier and forms a nut for a screws passing through the said carrier and
having a conical head engaging the edges of the hole formed in the end of the
file blade.
In order that the conical head of the screw may not project beyond the upper
surface of the file blade, the elongated hole therein is formed towards the outside
with a double inclined face corresponding, with the incline of the head of the
screw, the opposite end of the said hole being cut straight through the thickness
of the blade as shown in Figure 3.
The fastening device at the opposite or inner end of the carrier is similar to that
above described consisting of a block m forming a nut for the screw s'. The head
of the screw s' in this case is made of rectangular shape and fits into a rectangular-
shaped hole in the file blade, one edge of the said hole being formed with double
inclines to fit the corresponding shaped head of the screw and the opposite edge
made straight as shown in Figure 4. The inclined edges are arranged at opposite
sides of the holes, the one with respect to the other so that when the blade is
secured in place a certain amount of tension will be imparted thereto.
In order to change the file-blade in the carrier all that is necessary is to turn
the screws (Figure 3) in the dovetail shaped metal block m, push back the file
blade upon the rectangular head of the screw s (Figure 4) and then raise it, in
order that, owing to the amount of play thus obtained, the blade also becomes free
at the points. By a reversal of these operations a fresh file may be inserted and
fixed. The screw s¹ (Figure 4) is screwed to a greater or less depth into the metal
nut m' according to the thickness of the file-blade.
Instead of a wooden carrier the whole carrier may be made of papier-mache, or,
where a very small weight is not required, it may be of malleable cast metal.
Instead of forming the file carrier and handle in one piece, the carrier may of
course be formed, like files of the old pattern, with a tang of malleable cast-metal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
A carrier for abrasive hand tools such as files having a handle or a tang formed
in one piece, upon which carrier, file blades of any thickness are held by means
of screws having conical or undercut heads engaging into holes in the file blades
provided with double inclined edges at one end and straight or square edges at
the other end, the said screws being arranged eccentrically with respect to the
said hole so as to hold the.blades in tension, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 5th day of May 1898.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.