Steamers, and similar Vessels.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Aug., 1887
Complete Left, 4th May, 1888
Complete Accepted, 8th June, 1888
Steamers, and similar Vessels.
I, EDMUND FREDERICK WAILES, of 13 Tomkerville Terrace, in the City and County
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Naval Architect do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention consists in casting stern frames and rudder frames or either of them
of any girder section which will fulfil the following conditions ciz. :-
1. Facility of being moulded, either in one complete stern frame or rudder frame,
or in such portions as may conveniently be joined by "scarphing" or otherwise to
form a complete stern frame or rudder frame.
2. Affording facilities for connecting, in the case of stern frames, to the keel bars
and rivetting the shell plating or the rudder plating to the castings.
3. Securing the greatest strength to resist the strains incidental to each portion
with the least weight of material so distributed as to prevent injurious contraction
from unequal masses in cooling. The material I propose to use is mild cast steel but
other metals, capable of being cast into a mould, may be used.
The sections which I consider will generally be found most suitable are channel or
trough shaped, U shaped or H shaped and the sizes and sectional areas will be in
accordance with the requirements of the classification under which the vessel is
built.
The rudder gudgeons and pintles or either of them may be cast with, or afterwards
rivitied or otherwise secured upon, the stern post or frame or upon the rudder frame.
On the rudder frame casting, inside ledges or projecting flanges may be cast to receive
the plating which may be single or double.
When cast in parts for convenience of repairs or renewal, or for necessity in case
of transmission, the parts will be joined by "scarphs" secured by rivetted straps.

page_text: In very large frames of wide transverse section vertical or horizontal webs may be
cast or otherwise introduced to give additional strength, as well as flanges for attach-
ment of the "transom " frames, "stringers" or other parts of the structure of vessel
to the stern frame.
The advantages of this construction are that the material being distributed into a
form of section giving the greatest strength the stern frame or rudder is greatly
reduced in weight and the former is perfectly secured to the structure of the ship
without the difficulty involved of heavy rivetting through solid frames and repairs
can be effected with great facility from the accessibility of the girder sections.
Dated this 4th day of August 1887

page_text: Improvements in Constructing Stern Frames and Rudders of Ships,
Steamers, and similar Vessels.
I, EDMUND FREDERICK WALLES, of 13 Tankerville Terrace, in the City and County
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Naval Architect do hereby declare the nature of said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention consists in casting stern frames and rudder frames, or either of them,
of any girder section which will fulfil the following conditions viz. —-
1. Facility of being moulded, either in one complete stern frame or rudder frame
or in such portions as may conveniently be joined by "scarphing" or otherwise to
form a complete stern frame or rudder frame.
2. Affording facilities for connecting, in the case of stern frames, to the keel bars
and rivetting the shell plating or the rudder plating to the casting.
3. Securing the greatest strength to resist the strains incidental to each portion with
the least weight of material so distributed as to prevent injurious contraction from
unequal masses in cooling.
The material I propose to use is mild cast steel but other metals, capable of being
cast into a mould, may be used.
The sections which I consider will generally be found most suitable are channel or
trough shaped, U shaped or H shaped and the sizes and sectional areas will be in
accordance with the requirements of the classification under which the vessel is
built.
The rudder "gudgeons" and "pintles," or either of them, may be cast with, or
afterwards rivetted or otherwise secured upon, the stern frame or upon the rudder
frame, and on the rudder frame casting inside ledges or projecting flanges may be cast
to receive the plating, which may be either single or double.
When cast in parts, for convenience of repairs or renewal, or for necessity in case
of transmission, the parts will be joined by "scarphs" or secured by rivetted straps.
In very large frames of wide transverse section vertical or horizontal webs may be
cast or otherwise introduced to give additional strength, as well as flanges for attach-
ment of the "transom " frames, "stringers" or other parts of the structure of vessel
to the stern frame.
The advantages of this construction are that the materiál being distributed into a
form of section giving the greatest strength, the stern frame or rudder is greatly
reduced in weight and the former is perfectly secured to the structure of the ship
without the difficulty involved of heavy rivetting through solid frames and repairs
can be effected with great facility from the assureability of the girder section.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
On the accompanying sheet of drawings I have illustrated the method in which I
consider my invention may be best carried out, both as to the form of girder section
giving the greatest strength and the least weight, and in connection with these
affording the greatest facility for being cast in moulds and for the attachment of the
stern frame to the main structure of ship, the rudder frame to the stern frame and of
the plating to the rudder frame, but other girder sections may be used. I have also
shewn the stern frame as for a ship of large tonnage and cast in sections joined
together by "scarphing," as will be generally preferable in such cases, but for smaller
ships the frames may be in one casting. The rudder frame may also in some cases be
scarphed" or otherwise joined below the "trunks."
"
"
Fig. 1 shews a sectional side elevation of a stern frame and rudder Fig. 2 a sectional
plan of same and Fig. 3 an end view of the inner post of stern frame. Fig. 4 shews
to an enlarged scale two views of the formation of the "scarph" joints at A, B & C as I
propose to make them. Fig. 5 is a section through sole piece of stern frame at X-X
Fig. 2 shewing the provision made in girder section at that part for the extra strength
required. Fig. 6 shews the formation of the tubular "main-piece" and "bow-piece
of rudder and gudgeons when arranged to work in bearings only at top in a stuffing
box and at bottom stepped into heel of frame without intermediate "gudgeons" and
pintles." The plating may either be double, as shewn, or single. The main piece
extended to form the shank of rudder through the "trunk," is formed at head to
receive the "tiller" so as to bring the centre of the eye of the "tiller" into a vertical
centre line passing through the centres of the "pintles" of rudder as described, in
specification of my previous patent No. 9942 dated July 15, 1887.
"
The junction of the sole piece of stern frame with the keel of ship is shewn as
adapted to a channel keel forming the subject of my Patent No. 3330 dated
March 9, 1886 but when required to join a bar keel I prefer that the keel bar shall be
formed so as to fit between the sides and bottom of the fore end of sole piece which
forms a channel section at that part.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said- inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The manufacture of stern frames and rudders, or either of them, by casting them
in moulds of girder sections either in one piece or in sections with the objects of
obtaining the greatest strength saving of weight and facility of connecting the stern.
frame to the main structure of the ship and the rudder to the stern frame substantially
as described and shewn.
T. J. DANSON, F.I.P.A.,
Agent for Applicant.