IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COPPER TUBES AND ROLLERS
Year: 1885

page_text: I SAMUEL WALKER of Lower Fazeley Street Birmingham in, the County of.
Warwick Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COPPER TUBES AND ROLLERS" to be as
follows:-
In the specification of Letters Patent granted to me dated the Thirty-first day
of March 1882 N° 1577 I have described and claimed a method of manufacturing
copper tubes from discs of copper and my present invention consists of the improve-
ments hereinafter described in treating the said discs before they are brought into
a cylindrical form for the manufacture of copper tubes and rollers.
I cast copper discs of a circular or elliptical figure. I prepare the surfaces of
these discs previous to operating upon them for the purpose of bringing them into
a cylindrical form by planing chipping or otherwise mechanically removing the
slightly undulating or uneven surface produced by the casting process which
unevenness is called by workmen the "set" of the surface.
In treating elliptical discs I roll them in the direction of their shortest diameter
until their elliptical figure has been changed into a circular or nearly circular
figure.
In treating circular discs I first roll them so as to elongate them into an elliptical
figure and then by rolling in the direction of their shortest diameter I restore their
circular figure.
In either case the rolling and cross-rolling may be repeated so as to give the
discs alternately an elliptical and circular figure several times according to the
quality of the copper operated upon or the amount of drawing to which the metal
will have to be subjected to produce the required kind of tube. The more the disc
is rolled and cross rolled the more is the metal made to bear without injury the
strain which will subsequently be put upon it in the drawing process.
In order still further to give the copper the high degree of tenacity desirable to
enable it to bear the strain of the drawing process without injury I sometimes
subject the copper discs heated to redness to pressure in a powerful hydraulic press.
Or I subject the molten copper to powerful hydraulic pressure while it is in the
mould in which the disc is cast. In all cases where the heated disc or molten
metal is subjected to pressure the pressure is maintained until the metal has cooled
to the ordinary temperature or nearly so.
In place of hydraulic pressure other pressure may be used but I prefer hydraulic
pressure,

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Copper Tubes and Rollers.
I SAMUEL WALKER of Lower Fazeley Street Birmingham in the County of
Warwick Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:―
In the specification of Letters Patent granted to me dated the thirty first day
of March 1882, No 1577, I have described and claimed a method of manufacturing
copper tubes from discs of copper and my present invention consists of the improve-
ments hereinafter described in treating the said discs before they are brought into
a cylindrical form for the manufacture of copper tubes and rollers. I cast copper
discs of a circular or elliptical figure. In casting these circular or elliptical discs
I employ the ordinary casting process. As this process is well known and com-
monly practised I do not consider it necessary to describe the same.
I prepare the surfaces of these discs previous to operating upon them for the
purpose of bringing them into a cylindrical form by planing, chipping or otherwise
mechanically removing the slightly undulating rippled or uneven surface produced
by the casting process which unevenness of surface is called by workmen the "set."
It is enough in ordinary cases that the summits or greater part of the undulations
or ripples be removed.
In treating elliptical discs thus prepared I roll them in the direction of their
shortest diameter until their elliptical figure has been changed into a circular or
nearly circular figure. This rolling I effect by means of a pair of ordinary plain
cylindrical rolls such as are commonly employed in the rolling of metal which rolls
I do not consider it necessary to describe or represent.
In treating circular discs prepared as described I first roll them so as to elongate
them into an elliptical figure and then by a second rolling in the direction of their
shortest diameter, that is, at right angles to the direction of the first rolling I restore
their circular figure.
In either case the rolling and cross rolling may be repeated so as to give the
discs alternately an elliptical and circular figure several times according to the size
of the disc operated upon, or the amount of drawing to which the metal will have
to be subjected to produce the required kind of tube.
The rolling and cross rolling described so affects the molecular condition of the
metal that it will bear a much greater tensile strain after the said rolling than
before it and the more the disc is rolled and cross rolled the more effectually will
the metal bear without injury the strain which will subsequently be put upon it
in the drawing process. The said rolling converts the disc alternately into aň
elliptical and a circular figure. The rolling is in all cases finished when the disc is
circular or nearly circular.
In order still further, to give the copper the high degree of tenacity desirable to
enable it to bear the strain of the drawing process without injury I sometimes
subject the copper discs heated to redness to pressure in a powerful hydraulic press
or otherwise

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim
as my invention of "Improvements in the manufacture of copper tubes and
rollers" ;-
First. Preparing the surfaces of the circular or elliptical discs from which the
said tubes and rollers are made by planing chipping or otherwise mechanically
removing either wholly or in part the undulations or ripples left by the casting
process so as to give them a smooth surface previous to the rolling process to which
they have to be subjected substantially as herein before described.
Secondly. Rolling the said discs when circular so as to give them an elliptical
figure and rolling the elliptical discs whether cast of an elliptical figure or cast of a
circular figure and made elliptical by rolling in the manner herein described; that
is, alternately rolling the discs in a direction at right angles to the longer diameter
of the ellipse so as to convert it into a circular or nearly circular disc and then in
the direction of the larger diameter of the original ellipse so as to restore the
elliptical figure and so on, the disc being of a circular or nearly circular figure at
the termination of the rolling process substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this Savanteenth day of Jone 1886