IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, MAKING, AND MOULDING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES FORMED OF CLAY, PEAT, OR OTHER MATERIALS."
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Hadfield, of Hadfield, in the County of
Derby, and William Alfred Attkins, of the same Place, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, MAKING, AND MOULDING
BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES FORMED OF CLAY, PEAT, OR OTHER
MATERIALS."
Derby, and William Alfred Attkins, of the same Place, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, MAKING, AND MOULDING
BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES FORMED OF CLAY, PEAT, OR OTHER
MATERIALS."
Sealed the 4th December 1860, and dated the 6th June 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Hadfield and
William Alfred Attkins at the Office of the Coinmissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th June 1860.
We, CHARLES HADFIELD, of Hadfield, in the County of Derby, and WILLIAM,
ALFRED ATTKINS, of the same Place, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, MAKING, AND
MOULDING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES FORMED OF CLAY, PEAT, OR OTHER
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Firstly, these improvements relate to the mill for grinding the clay or other
materials, and consist in using rollers for that purpose fixed in a revolving pan
with a perforated bottom or moveable bars.
Secondly, the improvements relate to the apparatus for moulding bricks,

page_text: tiles, and other similar articles, and consist in the use or application for that
purpose of two revolving rollers fluted, grooved, or channelled to the required
shape, and working horizontally one above the other in a frame attached to a
pug mill
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Hadfield and William Alfred Attkins in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 6th December 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
HADFIELD, of Hadfield, in the County of Derby, and WILLIAM ALFRED
ATTKINS, of the same Place, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Charles Hadfield and William Alfred Attkins, Her special licence that we, the
said Charles Hadfield and William Alfred Attkins, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles Hadfield and
William Alfred Attkins, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, MAKING, AND MOULDING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER
ARTICLES FORMED OF CLAY, PEAT, OR OTHER MATERIALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Charles Hadfield and William Alfred
Attkins, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our, or one of our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and, in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be. filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately. after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Hadfield and William Alfred
Attkins, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what

page_text: .
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement in writing, and on reference to the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say:
These improvements relate, firstly, to the mill for grinding the clay or other
materials, and consist in using rollers for that purpose fixed in a revolving pan
with a perforated bottom or moveable bars.
Secondly, the improvements relate to the apparatus for moulding bricks,
tiles, and other similar articles, and consist in the use or application for that
purpose of two revolving rollers fluted, grooved, or channeled to the required
shape, and working horizontally or otherwise in a frame attached to a pug mill
or any other suitable mechanical contrivance.
And, thirdly, these revolving rollers may be used as a press for the finishing
of bricks, tiles, and other articles made by hand or otherwise.
Such being the nature and object of our said Invention for "Improvements
in Machinery for the Preparing, Making, and Moulding of Bricks, Tiles, and
other Articles formed of Clay, Peat, or other Materials," we will proceed to
describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to be or may be per-
formed or carried into practical effect.
And in order that the same may be readily understood we have annexed
hereunto a Sheet of illustrative Drawings, and have marked thereon figures
and letters of reference corresponding with those in the following explanation
thereof.
We take the clay (previously cast and picked as usual), or the peat or other
material to be moulded and grind it by means of rollers fixed in a revolving
pan with a perforated bottom or moveable bars, or (if preferred) the usual mill
or rollers may be employed. We then take the clay or material thus ground.
and supply or feed it continuously to the tempering and moulding machine, as
represented in the Drawings, in which Figure 1 represents an end view of the
machine; Figure 2 is a side view; and Figure 3 is a plan or horizontal view,
as seen from above. In these three views the pug mill is represented in
section. Figure 4 is a transverse section of the revolving moulds and pug
mill; and Figure 5 is a detached view of a roller and cam, above which are
attached two simple levers with weights for keeping the surfaces of the re-
volving moulds always in contact, as hereafter described.
A, A, is the pug mill, which is of the ordinary construction, and is supported
in a horizontal position by suitable framework. The clay or other material is
supplied continuously to the said pug mill through the hopper B, where it is
worked and tempered by the revolving knives C, C, and is thereby forced in a

page_text: continuous stream through the opening D, D, immediately opposite to which
are mounted a pair of revolving rollers E, E, which are fluted, grooved, or
channeled to the proper shape to form the bricks, tiles, or other articles desired.:
In the annexed Drawing these rollers (see Figure 4) are represented as
adapted to form bricks of clay, peat, or other materials. It will be evident
that if these two rollers were mounted in a rigid manner, so that their exterior
diameters revolved in contact whilst the points *, *, were passing the centre
line when the flutes or grooves were passing the centre (as shewn at Figure 4),
there would he an opening or space between the corners; but in order to
obviate this we mount the upper roller in slots so as to allow of its rising and
falling, and we fix upon its axis a cam F, F, (see Figure 5), the surface of
which works in contact with a roller G, G, revolving upon a moveable stud
upon which the levers and weights G*, G*, act. This cam and roller keep
the two revolving moulds always in contact, allowing the upper roller to rise
whilst the points of the flutes pass the centre. The form of this cam will
necessarily be varied to suit the form of the moulds according to the nature of
the articles to be made; and we may here remark that weighted levers or
springs without the cams might be used for the same purpose. The rollers
E, E, are supported in a suitable frame H, H, and are driven by means of
spur gearing I, I. As the clay or other material is forced out in a continuous
stream it is taken up by the rollers or moulds E, E, and pressed into the form,
of bricks and delivered in that form on the other side, where they are either
removed by hand or by automatic means.
It will be obvious that these same revolving moulds may be used for
pressing bricks or tiles after they are made, the two rollers or moulds being
worked in a frame with panels screwed upon the face of the grooves to form,
the indent.
In order to lubricate the moulds a dish or trough is placed under the lower
moulds or roller containing lubricating matter, such as water, oil, or other
similar substances, and the top rollers are kept moist by a jet of steam, water
or other lubricating substances being thrown upon them.
Having now described the nature and object of our said Invention for "Im-
provements in Machinery for the Preparing, Making, and Moulding of Bricks,
Tiles, and other Articles formed of Clay, Peat, or other Materials," together
with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried
into practical effect, we would remark, in conclusion, that we claim as our
Invention the peculiar novel construction and arrangement of machinery for
effecting such objects, as above described and shewn in the Drawings, or any-

page_text: mere modification thereof, and especially the use of the two revolving rollers
fluted, grooved, or channeled to the required shape for moulding or pressing
bricks, tiles, and other articles from clay, peat, or other materials.
In witness whereof we, the said Charles Hadfield and William Alfred
Attkins, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Fourth day of
December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM ALFRED ATTKINS. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named Charles Hadfield and William Alfred
Attkins in the presence of
• SAMUEL COTTAM,
Patent Agent, Manchester.