IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STUDS, APPLICABLE FOR FASTEning Gloves, ShIRT FRONTS, COLLARS, Cuffs, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES, AS ALSO IN THE APPLIANCES FOR EFFECTING THE SAME
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Nelson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st December 1876.
WILLIAM NELSON, trading as William Nelson and Co., Stampers and Piercers, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF STUDS, APPLICABLE FOR FASTEning Gloves, ShIRT FRONTS, COLLARS, Cuffs,
AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES, AS ALSO IN THE APPLIANCES FOR EFFECTING THE
SAME
The stud comprehending my improvements consists of a concave or flat front disc,
by preference flanged and gathered in around the edge, or otherwise formed to
receive a front setting, and a simple flat disc for the back, the two being held
together by an intermediate shank connected without the use of solder, notwith-
standing solder may be used if preferred. I form this shank in the following way :-
I take a short length of wire, and by means of appliances herein-after described I
reduce and shoulder one end for passing through the concentric hole of the back
disc, to which it is secured by rivetting. The other end of the shank I divide by
ineans of a circular saw sufficient that when the divided part is spread out at right
angles to the shank it will be equal to the diameter of the front disc, where it may
be held in position by being clipped by the flange of the said front disc, thereby
completing the stud, but if necessary the same may be further secured by solder.
In giving effect to this single arrangement I fit up on a suitable stand a verticle
support, horizontally bored and fitted with means of securely holding a short length
of wire forming the shank to be used, and advance a rapidly revolving cutter
centrally with the said wire shank, which will have the effect of reducing and
shouldering a part of it for rivetting through the back disc, as before stated, whilst
at the other end of the wire shank I advance a rapidly revolving circular saw, so
adjusted that it shall centrally divide the wire of the shank sufficient for sub-
sequently spreading out for applying it to the front disc. This spreading out I
effect by dropping the shank into a vertical rest of the proper depth in the bed of a
fly press so as to allow the divided part to be spread out on a parallel surface
surrounding the concentric recess in which the shank is placed, and by bringing
down the top tool of the said press which is simply formed with a parallel surface
with the exception of a slight concentric conical projection, which projection enters

page_text: the opening of the divided shank and spreads the same out laterally, and by the
degree of force imparted to the press so the divided parts are planished down and
set at right angles with the outer portion or shank proper. By these means great
certainty, exactness, and expedition is obtained for shaping this intermediate part
of my improved stud technically called the shank.
These appliances and proportions of the parts have only to be modified in size
and shape to adapt them for various purposes, in doing which it may be necessary
in somo instances to pass the shank through the material before rivetting or
securing the back disc to the shank, and in which case two discs may be used, if
preferred, one each side of the material to which the stud may be applied.