IMPROVEMENTS IN BANK NOTES, AND IN MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CHEQUES, BILLS, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
GRUBB, of Dublin, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Eleventh day of March, One thousand eight hundred and forty-
five, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Grubb, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Thomas Grubb, my exors,
adiñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Grubb, my exors,
adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time, and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BANK
NOTES, AND IN MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO CHEQUES, BILLS, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Thomas Grubb, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference.
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Grubb, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascertained

page_text: **
in and by the present Specification thereof; reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:
www.
My improvements in bank notes, which I shall first proceed to describe,
have for their object the better protection of the same from being forged or
counterfeited, and more particularly from being forged or counterfeited by
means of the recently discovered arts of photography and anastatic printing.
And the nature of this part of my Invention consists in the combination of the
means following; that is to say, in composing or constructing bank notes (so
far as the parts thereof printed from engraved plates_are_concerned) of two
subjects, the one of a primary and the other of a secondary character, and in
superimposing the, one subject over and upon the other, and in printing the
same in two different colors, selected with such regard to their photographic
and chemical qualities that a fraudulent-imitation of the same can be obtained
by photographic or anastatic processes in one color only. And for the better
understanding of the following description of the manner in which this part of
my Invention is carried into effect I shall designate the two plates or surfaces
"I employ, one the "primary plate," and the other the secondary plate."
By the "primary plate" I mean that plate or surface which has engraven on
it all those parts of a bank note which are now usually printed from an
engraved plate, namely, the distinctive or emblematic design or designs, and
all the words and figures, except those only which belong to the number and
date, and which it is the practice to insert by a numbering machine. By
the secondary plate" I mean that on which I engrave the subject of the
second or additional impression (which, as afterwards explained, must be one
of some simple character), and which is printed in a different color from that
in which, the subject of the primary plate is printed. I shall also call that
portion of my improved note which is printed from the primary plate the
'primary subject," and that which is printed from the secondary plate the
"secondary subject," or "protective ground." I wish it to be further under-
stood, that when I speak of engraved plates or surfaces I include as well such
as are engraved in intaglio as those which are engraved in relief.
66
:
..
Now, first, as regards the primary plate, I declare that; so far as respects
the engraving thereof, I do not claim to have invented anything new. I may
state, however, that to obtain from my Invention the greatest possible amount
of protection of which it can be productive, I prefer that such plate or
surface shall contain one or more designs of a high style of art (some histo-
.rical subject, for example) executed in the line or mixed line style of engraving;
and, further, the, design should be engraved in'a clear well-defined style; and
.(as far as practicable) composed of dots or discontinuous lines, neither so

page_text: י
delicate, as to be rendered obscure by the secondary subject, nor so bold
or open as to allow of those, portions, of the secondary subject; which are inter-
mediate between the lines or markings of the primary subject being easily
covered over or "stopped-out;" for the purpose of obtaining, a tracing or transfer
of the primary subject by itself, and separate from the other subject.
...Secondly,. and as regards, the secondary. plate, I; engrave upon it some
suitable: design or subject composed of dots or markings, similar in size
to those of the finer portions of the primary, subject,, and arranged in such
manner that the impression from this plate shall be, of nearly equal tint
or strength of color, throughout. The simple and uniform character, of this
secondary design prevents it from, materially obscuring the primary subject,
while, in. consequence of the similarity between the dots and markings: of the
two subjects, it becomes a matter of extreme difficulty to produce from <a
photographic image or tracing, or an anastatic transfer of both subjects .com-
bined in one, an engraving or transfer-by, mechanical means, or artistica!
skill of either subject separate from the other. The design or protective ground
engraved on this secondary plate or surface may be of such size as to cover the
whole of the paper of, the note, or it may be of such size and so divided as to
cover those portions only on which are printed the, parts of the primary
subject which it is most desirable to protect from, forgery... The primary and
secondary plates having been engraven and prepared accoding to the preceding.
directions, and a color or ink being chosen for the printing ofch (the
selection of said colors being made on the principles before state and
herein-afteri fully explained) either plate may be printed from: first. In
selecting, the colors to be used in printing the two subjects; I first select
(irrespective. of photographic considerations) all such colors as seem, to the
eye to be suitable for the purpose. Next I ascertain, experimentally or
otherwise, the, relative photographic powers of these colors, and of the paper
intended to be used for the note. I then choose two. of these. colors which
exhibit a sufficient visible difference, and at the same time differ widely.from
each other in their photographic powers; and of these two colours I select
that for printing the. primary subject in which differs least from the paper
in photographic power. For example, I shall suppose white, blue, green;
yellow, red, and black to be the colors (using the term color in its popular
sense) which had in the first instance been considered eligible for printing in,
and that the numbers 10, 8, 7, 5, 2, 0, respectively placed under these colors,
as above, are found to represent nearly the respective photographic powers, as
compared with. one another (white being the most powerful) then supposing
2.
10
}
8

page_text: white to be chosen for the color of the paper, it would follow that the two other
colors which differ most in photographic power would be blue and black; but
as the difference between these two colors in appearance is not sufficiently marked,
I prefer blue and red, which possess the two important qualities of being
distinctly different in appearance and widely different in photographic power;
and I use the blue to print the primary subject in, because it differs least from
the
paper in photographic power. I wish it, however, to be understood, that it
is not indispensable to use colors differing widely in photographic power, as a
very considerable degree of protection may be given to a note by using two
different colors of nearly equal photographic power, preferring, as before,
that colour for the primary subject which differs least in photographic power
from the paper.
In respect of chemical fixity, the only consideration
to be attended to in the selection of colors is, that the color in which the
secondary subject is printed shall be at least equal in fixity to the color of the
primary subject. Both subjects may be printed in oil color, or both in water
color, or the primary subject may be printed in water and the secondary in oil
color; but the primary must not be printed in oil, and the secondary in water
colour. I prefer, however, printing both subjects in oil color, as being the most
permanent. In all cases those portions of the primary subject which are
intended to be protected from imitation by photography or anastatic printing
should be new, that is to say, not a single impression of them should ever have
gone forth to the public, except in combination with the secondary or pro-
tective ground, for it is manifest that were any such impression to be
accessible to a forger the certainty of protection from imitation by the pho-
tographic or anastatic processes would be entirely destroyed. I do not mean
to say that it is impossible to transfer the entire subject matter or design of a
note constructed according to the preceding directions to a imetallic surface,
and to make the same afterwards capable of being printed from in a single color,
neither do I mean to say that a note, the primary subject of which consists
but of writing and figures, or some other plain design, could be protected by the
secondary subject or protective ground, inasmuch as the latter could be painted
over, or stopped out, or otherwise got rid of by an expert and steady hand. I
desire only to be understood as stating that by engraving portions of the primary
plate in a high style of art, and crossing or intersecting such portions by the lines
or marking of the simpler secondary subject, and by printing the two subjects in
two different colors, selected on the principles before explained, a bank note
will be produced in two colors which it will be next to impossible by photo-
graphic or anastatic processes to obtain a transfer of in more than one color.
The principles of protection and process of manufacture above explained
<!

page_text: in detail with reference to bank notes are applicable to cheques, bills, and
other similar documents; and in applying my improved system to cheques,
bills, and other documents, which do not stand in need of so high a degree
of protection as bank notes, the following economical modification of it may be
adopted (which may also be adopted in bank-note printing, if thought expe-
dient)Flat or cylindrical, surfaces may have designs engraved on them,
either in intaglio or relief, suitable for the secondary subject or protective
ground, and entire sheets or continuous webs of paper may be printed from
them, and afterwards cut into the sizes required for the cheques, bills, or other
documents.
And having now described the nature of this part of my Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I am aware that
bank notes have been before printed in two colors, that is to say, in two colors
in juxta-position, and that I do not lay claim to any such application of
different colors in bank-note printing. And I declare that what I claim as of
my Invention (subject to the explanations and reservations herein-before con-
tained) is the composing or constructing of bank notes (so far as the parts
thereof printed from engraved plates are concerned, of two subjects, one of a
primary and the other of a secondary character, and in printing the same in
two different colors, selected with such regard to their protographical and
chemical qualities that a fraudulent imitation of the same cannot be obtained
by the photographical or anastatic processes in one color only, as herein-before
described and exemplified. I claim also the application of the said principles
and process of manufacture above, particularly described for bank notes, to
cheques, bills, and all other documents which are in whole or in part printed
from engraved plates.
1
My improvements in machinery connected with bank notes, which I shall
next proceed to describe, have reference to the machinery by which notes are
printed, and they are represented in the Sheets of Drawings marked A, B, C,
hereunto annexed.
The Drawings, Figures 1, 2, and 3) in Sheet A, represent my improved
printing machine. It may be described as consisting of five principal parts:-
First, a polygonal box or case revolving on its centre, to the sides or faces of
which are attached the engraved plates which are to be printed from.
Second, a cam shaft with set of cams and other appendages, from which
all the necessary motions are derived, except those of the inking apparatus.
Third, the printing roller and parts connected therewith. Fourth, the inking
apparatus. Fifth, the plate cleaning apparatus.
In Sheet A, Figure 1. represents a side elevation of the machine. . Figure. 2

page_text: C is a double cam;
a locking can, which
(The lever D³ returns
is a front elevation of same as seen from'left-hand end of Figure 1 Figure 3
is a plan of same: In Figures 2 and 3, some of the parts, Jelsewhere shewn,
are; to avoid confusion in the Drawings; omitted. "The same letters and figures
have reference to the same parts in all the Drawings. "AA, is the principal
framing the two sides of which are connected together by stays a, a.Blis
the principal or cam shaft, which is driven by the spur wheels 1 and 3, the
pinions 2, and 43 and the pulley shaft 5 which last is driven by steam" or other
power: The cam shaft B has keyed "on" it-eight cams C to from which
are obtained all the necessary) motions, excepting that of the inking roller!
'The form of each of these cams is shewn separately in Sheet B, which also
shews' each cam and its respective roller in that position which corresponds
with the position of the entire machine, as given in Figure 1 Sheet A.
The cam C being double, the two parts are shewn as separated in Figures 'C'
and Cx, Sheet B, and these are shewn as combined, and including the lower
part of lever D in Figure C, C of same Sheet. The cams C¹, C, which
are of the same form, actuate the printing levers D¹, D
acting both ways upon the pressure. lever D C3 is
raises a locking lever D³, and unlocks the polygon E
by its own weight Cis a cam in the g
egroove of which a roller attached to
the rod D travels: The use of this cam is to work the bell crank H: C
is a cam in the groove of which a roller attached to the rod D travels
Its use is to move the box G on its "centre
which occasionally works the roller of the rod D.
'cam rods D¹, D and D, have separate rocking levers 0, 0, 0, attached, by
which these ¹ends are supported, and the rods left at liberty to follow the
'motion of the cams. Cam C acts on a long lever D', which is attached to
the far side of the press, which raises or lowers the weight 39. "E is the
polygonal box. It is of twenty sides, having flat ends terminating in cones,
from which project cylindrical axes or journals m, which have their bearings
in the sides of the framing. b, b, are ten iron or steel plates, attached to as
many alternate sides of the polygon E, by countersunk screws these plates
have bevilled edges, by which are held ten other: intermediate plates cc,
which latter are the engraved plates to be printed from d d are ten
steel segments screwed to the end of the polygon E (a' similar set 'being
screwed to the opposite end of the polygon). These segments are accurately
finished and hardened, so as to leave as many equal and equidistant spaces e, e,
for the reception of the tooth which serves for clamping the polygon. F is a
plate keyed upon the front journal of. E, having ten projecting parts f, f, also
accurately finished; which leave ten equal and equidistant spaces g, g, in which
is a cam, in the g
groove of
The roller ends of the

page_text: "
is inserted the tooth which carries round the polygon; as also afterwards
explained. G is a flat box, made in two parts, turning upon a stud.attached
to the centre of the plate F; and having a planed groove; in which slides: a
bar shewn by dotted lines in Figure 1, terminating at n in a tooth of the
size of the spaces 9 in the plate F. The upper end of the bar n'has a pin h
projecting through a slot hole in the cover of G. To this pin is attached the
link ; which is 'moved by the bell crank Hand the cam rod D (the box G
being moved by the cam rod D³). The cam lever D³ has a bent' part D, D³;
the upper end of which has on the inner side at k a steel tooth of the same
size as the spaces e; e, is the polygon E. The cam lever D³, being raised or
lowered by its cam C³, unclamps or clamps the polygon E; by withdrawing or
inserting the steel' tooth-k. The polygon E is moved a tenth part round in
the direction of the arrow each entire revolution of the cam shaft, and
clamped, when not in 'motion, by means of the cam lever D³, D', 'and D³, as
follows:-D³, being lifted by its cam, unlocks the polygon E, while at the
same time the lever D* draws down the tooth n into one of the spaces of the
plate F. The lever D³ now pushes the box G, and with it the plate F and
polygon E, through a tenth of a revolution: The levers D³ and 'D' now per-
form a reverse motion; the lever D³ descending and locking the polygon, while
D' lifts the tooth n, and, lastly, the lever D draws the box G into its former
position. The lever D³ has a second part corresponding with that "marked
D, D³, at the opposite side of the polygon to that seen at Figure 1" and both
being keyed to the rocking shaft P, as shewn in red lines in Figure 3; they
clamp simultaneously both sides of the polygon, the shaft P being held
between steel centres y, 'y, screwed through the framing A.'. The polygon E
has a steam pipe 17, by which 'steam is admitted "in the usual manner for
heating cylinders. The temperature is regulated by a stopcock, 'and the
condensed water drawn off from time to time by means of a small suction
pump. D¹, D', are two similar lévers, furnished with friction rollers o, o, and
acted upon by the cams C¹, C¹. They are supported at D₁ by the sway
levers p, on the rocking shaft q, and are kept in contact with the cams Cby
the lever and weight attached to the shaft q, on which the sway levers are
keyed. The levers D' are attached at the other end to the rocking beams K,
which work on strong studs t, projecting from the framing A; and are con-
nected at top to the lower end of the sectors L. By the links u, the rocking
beam K and cam' lever D¹ either draw the sectors L, and with them the
printing roller M; in the direction of the arrow's, or push them in the opposite
direction. The printing roller M. is supported in bearings in the sectors L.
The sectors L terminate at top in steel segments w, whose curvature is struck

page_text: from the centre of the printing roller M. 1, 1, is a short pall turning on the
stay, a, by turning over which against the sectors L the latter are prevented
from returning by the action of the weight 1. N, N, are sliding pieces which
slide between the guide slips 6, 6, (see also Figure 4). The pieces N, N,
have parts which project, marked 8 (in Figure 5), to the under side of which
are attached flat steel pieces x, against which the steel segments w of the sectors
L, L, roll. The sectors are retained in contact with the sliding pieces N, N,
by helical springs Q, Q; which are attached (as shewn in Figure 2) at one end to
the sectors, and at the other end to the slides N, N, and the sectors are pre-
vented from sliding endwise by a pin 9, working in a slot in a plate attached to
the piece 8. The slides N are raised and lowered (together with the sectors L
and roller M) by the connecting links R, and the cranks S, on the crank shaft T.
The shaft T is moved by the crank U and a connecting or cam lever D³, acted
on by the cam C.. A blanket is. passed under the roller M, and over the
rollers 13 and 14. The blanket (which is made endless) is also passed over a
a steam box 15, and lastly over a roller at some distance. 16 is a fan driven
by steam or other power, which assists the steam box 15 to dry the blanket.
The action produced on the printing roller M by the printing lever D¹ and
the pressure lever D³, when taken singly, is this:-The levers D¹ move the
printing roller horizontally forwards or backwards, while the pressure lever
raises or lowers the same. The combined action of these levers on the
printing roller is as follows:-The roller M is lowered upon the plate to be
printed. It is then drawn or rolled horizontally over that plate in the direc-
tion of the arrow s, and next raised clear of the plate, after which it is
returned to its former position. The crank shaft T has sliding bearings V,
adjustable, by the nuts 11, 11, by which adequate pressure is given to the
roller. M for printing. The connecting rod D is also adjustable by the
nuts 12, 12.
I shall next proceed to describe the inking parts of the apparatus. The
pulley shaft 5 drives the bevel wheels 21 and the crank shaft 22, with the
crank 23, to which is attached the connecting rod 24, which vibrates the
lever 25 on the rocking shaft 26. 27 is a second crank on the shaft 26,
which, by the connecting rod 28, drives the sector 29. This sector drives the
rack 30, which has attached to it sliding bearings 31 on the cylinder bar 32,
by which means the rack is supported in gear with the sector. The rack 30
has also attached to it a frame 33, carrying a roller 34, against which a
plate 35 is occasionally raised, so as to lift the frame 33. The frame 33
carries also the inking roller W, which roller turns upon a pin 36 in a
frame 37, which frame is held between the pins 38, 38, of the frame 33. The

page_text: roller W is made of wood or some other light material, and covered with
woollen and finally with cotton cloth, and is, with frame. 33, carried con-
tinually to and fro by the motion of the sector 29 and rack .30. It is also
either allowed to roll with its own weight, and that of the frame 33, on the
surface of the ink box X, or is caused, by the weight 39 acting on the
plate 35, to rise and roll against the surface of the engraved, plate on
the polygon E, which is undermost; (the weight 39, being either raised or
lowered by the lever D7, turns the bar 40, and raises or lowers the plate 35,
which plate raises or lowers the roller 34, and with it the roller frame 33 and
the inking roller W). X is a shallow box, of about the same superficial area
as the engraved plates on the polygon E. It terminates in a cylinder Y, and
has its upper surface, removeable for recharging the cylinder and box with
ink. The cylinder is provided with a piston, to which is given a slow motion
upwards, by which the ink (previously introduced) is expressed through small
holes made in the cover of the box X.. Those parts connected with the
inking of the plates which are not plainly seen in Sheet A, are drawn to larger
scale in Sheet B; namely,. Figure 7 (Sheet B) is a side view shewing the
printing roller W, the ink box X, and cylinder Y.
1...
In Figure 8, Sheet B, X is a section of the ink box, and Y is a section of
the ink cylinder; 54, the piston; 55, a screw attached to the piston; 56 and
57, bevel wheels; 58, a coupling box; 59, a ratchet wheel; and 60, a winch
handle. Also a, Figures 7 and 8, is a cast-iron framing attached to the prin-
cipal framing A. On the frame a lies a block or saddle piece b, which carries
the inking cylinder Y and its appendages. The bevil wheel 56 is confined
between the cylinder Y and saddle piece b. The piston, 54 is, therefore, raised
or lowered by turning the pinion 57, which is either done by the handle 60,
when lowering the piston previous to recharging it with ink, or (while
printing) the wheel 56 is slowly turned by the click d moving the ratchet
wheel 59 one tooth for each revolution of the pulley e. The click d is moved
by a small excentric f on the shaft of the pulley e, which is driven by a band
passing over the shaft B, Figure 3 (Sheet A). The shaft C separates at the
coupling 58, and allows of the saddle piece b.being drawn along with the ink
cylinder and box to the side of the press, for more conveniently charging the
cylinder and box, with ink. The perforating surface of the ink box X requires
to be occasionally. (viz, once for every fifty or one hundred revolutions of the
cam shaft B,) cleared of a portion of ink which clogs upon it. This is effected
by the cam lever. De as follows:-The lever D, when moved by the Cº,
acts upon the rocking shaft 61 by moving the crank 60. 62, 62, are two
levers, also attached to the rocking shaft 61. 63 is a scraping bar connected
cam

page_text: only once for
to the cranks 62 by the links 64, which is carried across and back over the
surface X by the rocking 'shaft 61: The bar 63 is, at the same time, pressed
against the ink box by the weights 65, one of which is shewn in Figure 7
Sheet B; and in Figures 9 and 10, on same Sheet, are shewn (of full size)
parts not easily seen on "the reduced scale, and including "the scraping
bar 63 on the connecting links 64, and a 'portion of the ink box X. At
either end of the ink box X is screwed a bar atg, Figures 9 and 10, Sheet B.
i is one of a pair of small accentric pieces, one of which is fitted loosely
upon each end of the scraping bar 63 h is a pin or stop, projecting from
the end of the scraping bar, which limits the turning of the excentric
The use of the bars 9 and "excentric i is to prevent the scraping" bar 63
from "pressing on the surface X, except in the forward movement of the
bar 63, the excentrics on the backward movement of the bar 63 rolling
on the bars g until they come in contact with the stop h by which time the
bar 63 is lifted The cam C is allowed to act on the lever De
every fifty to one hundred revolutions of the
of the cam shaft, by means of those
parts which I now proceed to describe in manner following 70, Figure Co,
Sheet B, is a small secondary cam, attached to the back of cam C, which acts
upon a crank lever 71. 71 is a lever which is centered upon a stud 72
(attached to the framing "A), and has a weight 783 at its other end. It is rocked
on its stud 72 by the joint action of the secondary cam 70 and the weight 73.
The lever 71 raises and lowers a bar 79 and also works a ratchet pall 80-74
is a wiper or lever, also attached to cam Co (Sheet B); the use of which will be
hereafter explained: 75 is a ratchet wheel, to which is attached in front a cir
cular plate or disc 76, which has a single angular notch at 76 both ratchet and
disc revolve 'on a stud attached to the framing A: 77 is an arm turning upon a
stud attached to the framing A; it has a projecting tooth at 77 similar in shape
to the space or notch in the disc 76, and it is kept in contact with the disc 76
by a spring 78 attached to the frame A. This arm has a staple or slot at its
upper end, through which the bar 79' slides freely. 81 is a bar or latch pro
jecting through a hole in the framing A (and working behind on a: centre
attached to: the framing); it has a notch in front which drops against the
inner side of the lever De when the latter is drawn out from the side of the
press to the position shewn in Figure 3. So long as the lever D is held in
the position shewn in Figure 3, the revolution of the cam C can have no
effect upon it, it being held out of reach of the cam by the latch 81. This
latch is raised occasionally, viz, once for each revolution of the ratchet 75; by
means following: at each revolution of the cam shaft B' the lever 71 rises
and falls; which' raises and lowers the bar 79 and also moves" the ratchet

page_text: f.
75. So long as the arm 77 lies with it's tooth against the surface of the disc
the lifting bar 79 rises, and passes very close to but does not touch the
latch 81; but when by the revolution of the ratchet wheel 75 the projecting
tooth of the arm 77 falls into the space or notch in the disc 76; the bar 79 at
its next rising will strike the latch 81, and allow the roller of the cam lever De
to enter the groove of the cam C, which (acting upon the lever Do) will cause
the scraping bar to 'pass' once over and back on the ink box X! Prèvious to
the cam C commencing another revolution, the wiper 74 will have passed' the
lever D outwards (or from the side of the press), and the latch 81 will have
again locked 'the lever Do Meanwhile the ratchet wheel 75 will have been
carried forwards, whereby the tooth on the arm 77 will no longer lie in the
notch of the disc 76,' and the lifting bar 179 will not again. lift the latch 81
until the notch in the disc 76 is again brought round by the ratchet wheel and
its pall. By changing the ratchet wheel for one of a greater or less number of
teeth; the scraper 63 is made to clean the ink box less or more frequently:
The plates c, c on the polygon E (being inked by the roller W'as' they pass
under the centre of the polygon) are subsequently wiped or made ready for
being finally cleaned by hand in manner following-An endless cloth; 50;*is
passed over or in contact with the rollers 51, 52, 53, 54, 55; & 56; (made of
wood or hollow metal,) as seen in Figure 1, and also over a roller placed at
some distance from the "press," and 'not shewn in the Drawings. The rollers
51, 52, 55 are placed on light shafts turning in bearings attached to 'the
framing A.The roller 53 is made elastic with a padding of woollen cloth or
other suitable material, and is held in bearings in the swinging frame 57:
This framing swings upon a bar 56, and has a lever with an adjustable weight 58,
which presses the endless cloth 50 against the steel plates on the polygon E
The bar 56 also answers for the roller 56 to revolve on. '54 is a wooden roller
having small pins projecting from its surface, which, passing through the cloth
as the roller revolves, insures the cloth' being carried forward with the roller:
This roller 54 is driven by an endless band passing 'over the pullies 59, 591!
The driving pulley 59; being fixed on the axle of the polygon E, only moves the
endless cloth when' the polygon itself moves, and the driving band being
crossed the endless cloth is carried forward in the opposite direction to that
in which the surface of the polygon moves, by which means any partial
accumulation of ink on either the cloth or plates is avoided, and a fresh or
succeeding portion of the cloth is continually brought into use. The general
action of the press and manner of using it are as follows:-The ink cylinder
and box being filled, and the polygon E warmed by the admission of steain,
and the press set in motion, the lever (1, 1) being previously turned over so as

page_text: seconds.
to prevent the printing sectors and roller M being returned by the action, of
the weight R, the ten engraved plates will soon become inked by the
ink roller W; the bar 1, 1, is then returned to the position shewn in Figure 1.
Two persons are now required to attend to the press; one of them is stationed
at the front of the press, to give the final cleaning to that plate on the poligon
which for the time is nearest to E, Figure 1; the other person is stationed
on the opposite side of the polygon (or at s), whose duty it is to place the
unprinted paper on each plate as it becomes uppermost, and to take away the
paper as soon as printed. Each person stands on a small stage (not repre-
sented in the Drawing), which raises him to the most convenient height for
his work. For the more convenient description of the several actions performed
by or with the press I shall suppose the shaft B. to revolve once in ten
In this case the workman at E will have eight seconds for
the final cleaning of each plate; (the polygon E remaining at rest eighth
tenths of the entire time of working), and the man at s nearly seven
seconds for taking away the printed and laying on the unprinted paper. The
printing roller M descends in about one second, moving forwards or in the
direction of the arrows, and prints in two more seconds, and immediately
returns, and remains stationary until it again descends for printing. Meantime
the ink roller W, being kept in constant motion by the sector 29, inks that
plate which by the turning of the polygon E is brought immediately over it,
while the plates are partially cleaned by the endless cloth 50, as they rise
with the motion of the polygon at the front of the press towards E. The
printing being done, as before stated, in two seconds, in the next or third
second four several actions take place, namely, the printing roller M rises, and
also partly returns towards the front side of the press, the clamping lever Ds
rises, and unclamps the polygon, and the tooth n descends, and clamps the box
G to the plate F. In 'the next two seconds, viz, the fourth and fifth, the
polygon is moved through a tenth of a revolution. In the next or sixth
second the clamping lever D³ descends, and clamps the polygon, and the
tooth n ascends, and leaves the box G at liberty to be moved back by its lever
D. The ink roller W descends, and receives ink from the ink box X during
three seconds, beginning half a second previous to the polygon E commencing
to change. Lastly, once for each revolution of the ratchet 75, the scraper 63
passes and returns over, and cleans the surface of the ink box. X, which it
does while the ink roller is rolling against one of the plates on the polygon E.
I now proceed to describe, secondly, some further improvements which have
relation to the machinery employed for registering and numbering bank notes.
The Figures in Sheet C (Figure 1 to 11) shew the several parts of my

page_text: improved machinery separately and together.
Figure 1 is an elevation or
side view (of a set of 5) of my improved wheels, and the parts required to
produce motion in same, the whole being mounted in a frame or carriage F.
Figure 2 is an end view of same; Figure 3 is a plan of same; and
Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line a, b, of Figure 1 (shewing also the
upper levers C and pins c). The principal parts are also shewn separately,
both in elevation and section, in Figures 5 to 11. A, A, Figure 1 to 4, are
the wheels which, if the machine is intended to be used for registering, are (as
usual) engraved with numbers 0 to 9, or if required to form part of a
numbering machine they are prepared by grooving or otherwise for the
reception of type on their peripheries. Each wheel A is made of gun-metal or
other suitable material, and is (for facility of construction) formed of the four
parts separately represented in Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9. These parts are first
finished to their proper size, and afterwards screwed or soldered together.
Figure 6 is the principal part, to the front side of which is attached the
notched ring x, Figure 7, and the ratchet y, Figure 8; and on the reverse side
is attached (excepting the last wheel of each series) the disc with a single
notch z, Figure 9. The single notch of the disc Figure 9 is placed exactly
opposite one of the notches in the ratchet wheel, and the notched ring, Figure 7,
must be placed, as regards the ratchet wheel, in the relative position shewn in
Figure 1. F, Figures 1 to 4, is a frame or carriage cast in one piece, to which
the other parts are connected by the axes 1, 2, 3. B, B are holding levers
(shewn separately in Figure 10) centered on the axes 2; each has at one end
a friction roller b, working on a stud or pin, and at the other end attached to
the spring E. C, C, are changing levers (shewn separately in Figure 11),
which are jointed to D at one end, and at the other have a pin c projecting
from each side. To these levers (except the last in the series) are also
attached bent pieces e, e, which reach from each respective lever under the
next in succession. D is a rocking lever which is centered on the axis 3, and
is shewn separately in Figure 5; it has as many slits 5, 5, as there are levers
C to be moved, and has also a piece 6 by which it is attached to the usual
driving part of such machines. E, E, are helical springs attached to and
between the levers B and C. These springs serve the double purpose of keeping
the rollers b, b, pressed upon the internal notched rings of A, A, and of
keeping the pins c, c, of the changing levers C, C, pressed either against their
respective ratchets or against the disc Z (Figure 9) of the adjacent wheel, the
pins c, c, (as shewn in Figure 4,) being made 'to project at either side of the
lever C, except in that lever which belongs to the first or unit wheel, where it
only projects on one side...

page_text: The action..of my improved registering and numbering machinery may
be described as follows: The rocking lever D, being moved "to and fro
(in manner similar to that used for moving, the rocking levers of ordinary
numbering, machines), the pin c of each of the levers C., is alternately
brought over the succeeding space, in the ratchet: (marked-8 in Figure 1),
and, returned, to the position in which.. they are, represented. If the pins
C, c, projected only on the inner or ratchet side of these.. levers, then
each pin c would descend and lay i hold of its respective, ratchet; and on
the return of the rocking, lever D all the wheels A, would be carried for-
ward a tooth; but the pins c, c, oft all the levers C(except, the first),. pro-
jecting on both sides, of their respective levers so as to lie over the disc of the
adjacent wheel as well as over; the ratchet of, their: own wheel, it is evident
that these pins can only descend and lay hold of their respective ratchets when
from the turning round of the adjacent wheel the notch; in its attached disc
coincides with the position of the notch marked: 8 in Figure 1: Now it is not
only necessary that no, wheel of the series shall be moved except when that below
it in order, changes, from 9 to 0; but also that.it, shall not be moved untill.all
the wheels below it, change: from 9 to 0. The first of these conditions is
effected by the disc with; a single notch, and the latter, by the bent: pieces
el; ees, e, which have been long used in numbering machines for that purpose.
and to which pieces I make no claim:
:
And having now also described the second part of my Invention, or that relat-
ing, to improvements in machinery, connected with bank notes, I:declare that I
do not lay claim to any of the instruments or contrivances before described
individually, such as the cams, levers, &c.; for though: several.of.. these are, to
the best of my knowlege, new, I desire to claim them: only in the state or states
of combination in which they are applied to the purposes of this branch of my
Invention..
4
And that what I claim under, this head is...
First, the bank note printing machine, before described, in the general
arrangement and combination of parts, of which the same. consists.
Second, the five principal parts of which the said bank note printing machine
is composed, as aforesaid, each in the general arrangement and combination of
the lesser parts of which it consists, and whether employed as part of the
said;bank note printing machine, or as applied to any other bank note printing
machine.at
1
Third, the improvements.. in bank note numbering machines before speci-
fically described.
...
And, fourth, the application of the said bank note printing machine and

page_text: bank note numbering machinery to the printing and numbering of cheques,
bills, and other documents.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Grubb, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the. Eleventh day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid Thomas Grubb came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Eleventh day of September, in the year of our Lord One