NEW OR IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR PUMPS AND EXHAUSTERS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Skinner, of the Nag's Head Inn, Borough,
in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED
ARRANGEMENTS FOR PUMPS AND EXHAUSTERS."
Sealed the 16th April 1878, and dated the 18th February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Skinner at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1878.
HENRY EDWARD SKINNER, of the Nag's Head Inn, Borough, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer. "NEW OR IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR PUMPS AND
EXHAUSTERS."
My Invention mainly consists of a cylinder with suitable ports, inlet and outlet,
with covers at each end. A shaft or spindle is fitted through the centre of the
cylinder and covers. To this shaft or spindle are attached two, three, or more
pistons, vanes, or blades (hereafter called pistons), but I do not bind myself to any
number of pistons. These pistons work through a ring or disc, which ring or disc
works in a groove in one or both covers. The ring or disc is made to work in an
eccentrical form round the centre shaft. The pistons being fitted round the centre
shaft causes them to be drawn or forced in and out through suitably made slots in
the disc or ring as the shaft revolves. One of these pistons is fixed to the shaft,
while the other pistons work partly round the said shaft at every revolution of the
shaft. The piston fixed to the shaft acts as a driver to the other pistons, all these
pistons passing through the slots in the ring or disc, such piston fixed to the shaft
passing through one of the slots in ring or disc. The shaft revolving gives motion
to the ring or disc, which carries round with it the other pistons. Each and every
one of these pistons works in a central position with the cylinder. These pistons
may be driven by the ring or disc before mentioned, instead of being driven by the
centre shaft, but I do not advise this mode of working.
This pump and exhauster may be driven by admitting steam to the interior. When
the water or other fluids are required to be driven out at a greater pressure than
the steam used, the steam is made to act on the outer ends of the pistons; but the
steam may be made to act on those parts of the pistons that work in the inner part
of the ring or disc. In this case the water or other fluids will be driven out at a
less pressure than the steam used.

page_text: In some cases my Invention might be applied to the existing eccentric machines
by fixing in the centre of the cylinder a spindle to which connecting rods or guide
bars proceed to the pistons, and thus springs or grooves with pins or studs as now
used are dispensed with, suitable modifications being made where required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Edward Skinner in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th August 1878.
HENRY EDWARD SKINNER, of the "Nag's Head" Inn, Borough, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer.
"NEW OR IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR PUMPS AND
EXHAUSTERS.'
"
My Invention substantially consists of a cylinder with suitable ports, inlet and
outlet, with covers at each end. A shaft or spindle is fitted through the centre of
the cylinder and covers. To this shaft or spindle are attached two, three, or more
pistons, vanes, or blades (herein-after called pistons), but I do not bind myself to
any number of pistons. These pistons work through a ring or disc, which ring or
disc works in a groove in one or both covers. The ring or disc is made to work in
an eccentrical form round the centre shaft. One of the pistons is fixed to the shaft,
while the other pistons work partly round the said shaft at every revolution thereof.
The piston fixed to the shaft acts as a driver to the other pistons, all these pistons
passing through the slots in the ring or disc, such piston fixed to the shaft passing
through one of the slots in ring or disc. The shaft revolving gives motion to the
ring or disc which carries round with it the other pistons. Each and every one of
these pistons works in a central position with the cylinder. These pistons may be
driven by the ring or disc before mentioned, instead of being driven by the centre
shaft, but I do not advise this mode of working.
This pump and exhauster may be driven by admitting steam to the interior.
When the water or other fluids are required to be driven out at a greater pressure
than the steam used the steam is made to act on the outer ends of the pistons, but
the steam may be made to act on those parts of the pistons that work in the inner
part of the ring or disc. In this case the water or other fluids will be driven out at
a less pressure than the steam used.
Having thus far described the nature of the said Invention, and incidentally
intimated in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in practice, I
will now proceed (aided by the accompanying Drawings) to further and particularly
describe and ascertain in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in
practice, that is to say :—

page_text: In these Figures, A is the cylinder, with inlet and outlet parts B; C, covers to
said cylinder; D, shaft or spindle, which is passed through the cylinder and covers;
E, pistons attached to said shaft or spindle D; F, ring or disc through which the
pistons E work; said ring or disc F working in a groove G in the cover of
cylinder.
The Drawings (Fig. 2) shew the groove G in one cover only; it is evident how-
ever that same can be arranged to work in both covers, in which case a groove
would be formed in both covers, and not in one only, as shewn by the Drawings.
One of the pistons E (see Figs. 3 and 4) is fixed to the shaft, the other pistons
working partly round the said shaft at every revolution, such piston fixed to the
shaft (see Figs. 3 and 4) acting as a driver to the other pistons, said pistons being
passed through the ring or disc before described. The pistons may be driven by
the disc or ring acted on by steam or other power, or same may be driven by the
shaft or spindle D, as before described.
Fig. 5 is a view of a modification of Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is section on line C, D, Fig. 5, with the pistons removed.
Fig. 7, view of pistons fixed to shaft D.
In these Figures the same letters of reference, as in Figures 1 to 4, refer to the
same parts.
The Figs. 5 and 7 show the pistons all fixed to the shaft. In this case the ring or
disc F, before described, would be turned out or grooved to admit of two, three, or
more curved pieces H, through which suitably-shaped slots are made, to allow two,
three, or more pistons E to work freely through them. The curved pieces H in this
arrangement will vary their positions as the ring or disc F revolves, the curved
pieces H coming close together at one point and wider apart at another point.
The ring or disc F (Fig. 1) may be cut into two, three, or more parts so as to
allow fixed pistons to work freely through them, as shewn in Fig. 5, thus dispensing
with the curved pieces H working in the ring or disc F, shewn in that Figure.
When steam is used for driving the machine it is necessary that the slots through
which the pistons work be made steam-tight by metallic or other packing placed
between the inner and outer spaces of the ring or disc.
It is evident from the foregoing description that when steam is used the arrange-
ments can be used for driving purposes as well as for pumping.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and object of the
said Invention and in what manner the same is to 'be performed or carried out in
practice, I hereby declare that I claim the Invention of "New or Improved Arrange-
ments for Pumps and Exhausters" substantially as the same is herein-before set
forth and described, in which said arrangements the important point or feature is
the adoption of a central shaft operating pistons, vanes, or blades working with such
shaft concentrically in a cylinder, and in conjunction with a disc or ring set eccen-
trically to the said shaft, and working round same in said cylinder, substantially in
manner as exemplified by this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Edward Skinner, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
G. A. CATOR,
124, Fenchurch Street,
London, E.C.
H. E. SKINNER. (LS.)