Improvements in Piping for Building Walls.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 22nd Nov., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Piping for Building Walls.
I, WILLIAM WORRALL DUNNETT, of Baltimore City, State of Maryland, United
States of America, Hydraulic Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to waste water piping of that type which is applied during
the erection of building walls for conducting waste water and soil to a sewer pipe
connection.
The object of my invention is to provide novel means whereby the waste piping
can be constructed of comparatively short sections of terra-cotta or like material,
while admitting of the renewal of any section and the solid and substantial support
of the remaining and undisturbed sections.
The invention also has for its object to provide novel means for connecting and
supporting the sections of waste piping in the brick wall of a building, whereby
a pipe section can be renewed, if occasion therefore should arise, by removing a
comparatively small number of the bricks comprising the building wall, the
construction and arrangement being such that the piping above and below the
section to be repaired, will be firmly supported by separate pipe connecting devices
built into the brick wall and of a width co-extensive with the thickness of such wall or
approximately so.
The invention also has for its object to provide a separable pipe connecting block
which subserves the function and occupies the space of several bricks in erecting the
brick wall, thereby economising in the use of bricks while providing a removable pipe
connecting medium which will sustain the piping firmly and substantially in correct
position and permit any pipe section to be renewed or repaired as occasion may
demand.
The invention also has for its object to provide a novel connection of terra-cotta for
the sections of terra-cotta piping built into the brick wall of a building during its
erection, whereby the connections sustain the piping and permit the renewal of any
section by simply displacing a number of bricks comprising the wall.
The invention also has for its object to provide for the renewal of a section of waste
piping built within the brick wall of a building without disturbing either the pipe
sections above and below, or the connecting blocks or couplings of the sections to be
renewed.
The invention also has for its object to provide novel means whereby the opposite
ends of each waste pipe section are joined by mortises and tenons to supporting blocks
built into the wall and of a width co-extensive with the thickness thereof.
To accomplish all these objects my invention involves the features of construction,
the combination or arrangement of parts and the principles hereinafter described and
claimed, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a portion of the brick wall of a building
showing my invention applied thereto.
Figure 2 is a detail elevation showing a portion of the brickwork displaced as when
a waste pipe connection has been removed for the application of a new or perfect
section.
Figure 3 is a sectional view taken on the line zx, Fig. 1.
Figure 4 is a sectional view taken on the line y y Fig. 1.
Fig. 5, is a view similar to Fig. 3, showing a wall having a pilaster or projecting
portion of brick work to cover the outer edges of the pipe connecting blocks.
Figure 6, is a similar view showing another form of brickwork pilaster or projection
on a wall of reduced thickness.

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portions of two pipe sections.
view on a Hrge sette showing a comfecting DICK
Figure 8 is a perspective view of a pipe section which is square in cross section.
Figure 9 is a detail perspective view of a pipe connecting block.
Figure 10 is a detail perspective view, partly in section, showing a ventilating flue
in the terra-cotta pipe section connected with a trap.
Figure 11 is a detail view showing a branch pipe connected with the perpendicular
main waste pipe.
Figure 12 is a detail sectional view showing the construction for renewing a pipe
section without disturbing the pipe sections and connecting blocks above and below.
Figure 13 is a detail sectional view of a modified construction for a ventilating
pipe.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention I will now
describe the same in detail, referring to the drawings, where the numeral 1 indicates
the brick wall of a building comprising a thickness of three bricks, Figs. 1 to 5
inclusive, and the numerals 2 indicate sections of cylindrical waste piping composed
of terra-cotta or like material. These pipe sections are comparatively short and are
supported and connected at their adjacent ends by square or rectangular blocks 3,
of terra-cotta or other material, preferably the same substance as that of which the
pipe sections are made.
The blocks are each formed with a central through orifice of the same diameter
as the internal caliber of the pipe sections and in its upper side is provided with a
circular stepped mortise 4, best seen in Figs. 7 and 9, while the opposite side of
the block is provided with a circular tenon 5. The pipe sections are formed at
one end with a tenon 6, and at the opposite end with a mortiso 7, which are
respectively fitted to the stepped mortise 4 and tenon 5, of an upper and lower
block 3. The pipo sections and blocks are built into the brickwork during the
erection of the building wall and the blocks are of a width co-extensive with the
thickness of such wall, whereby such blocks constitute substitutes for many bricks
to economise in the use thereof, while performing their function of supports and
connections for the ends of the pipe sections. The blocks may be square or they may
be rectangular and the pipe sections may be cylindrical or they may be square or other
polygonal form in cross section as in Figs. 8 and 10.
The pipe sections may be formed with two longitudinal passages as in Fig. 10, one
for the flow of the waste water or soil and the other for the passage of air, in such
manner that the aligned pipe sections constitute a waste conduit as at 8, and also a
ventilating flue as at 9, the latter being connected by a tube 10, with an ordinary
water closet or other trap as at 12, Figure 10.
A branch 13 may be built into the brick wall during its erection, such branch
being, connected with one of the vertical pipe sections 2 and supported and connected
by blocks 14, constructed and applied the same as the connecting and supporting
blocks 3, for the vertical pipe sections. This branch, one or more, may lead to
any floor or to any part of the building for such purposes as may be necessary.
The tenoned ends of the pipe sections may be fitted water and gas tight into
the stepped mortises of the connecting and supporting blocks by packing rings 19
of any desired material or substance, as in Fig. 7, and likewise the mortised
ends of the pipe sections may be packed upon the tenons of the blocks.
If the outer edges of the blocks are exposed at the surface of the brick wall, they
may be glazed or ornamented to present a distinguishing and striking appearance; but
the outer edges may be covered and concealed by a pilaster or projecting part of
the brickwork as at 15 Figs. 5 and 6.
By my invention a pipo section, one or more, may be renewed or repaired, by simply
removing a comparatively small portion of the brickwork directly opposite the pipe
section requiring attention. This section can then be removed without disturbing
any part of the piping above or below, the remaining portions of such piping
being firmly supported by the connecting blocks. If a pipe section be removed
without displacing its upper and lower supporting blocks, it would be difficult, if not

page_text: impossible to apply a new section made in a single piece, and therefore I have devised
simple means for applying the new section which consists in making it in three parts,
as in Fig. 12, the intermediate part being a tube section 16, and confined by a sliding
sleeve-like part 17.
It will no doubt be obvious that the upper and lower parts can be fitted to the tenon
and mortise of the upper and lower blocks 3, the sleeve 17, raised on the upper part,
the tube 16 inserted into correct alignment and the sleeve lowered over the same to
confine it in place. To avoid leakage, the ends of the tube section 16, should be
packed as at 18, to make gas and water tight joints.
By constructing the connecting and supporting blocks 3 of a width co-extensive
with the thickness of the wall, they occupy the place of many bricks, and are so bound
in by the brickwork as to render accidental displacement impossible.
The blocks not only support and connect or couple the pipe sections, but they
subserve the purpose of bricks in the erection of the wall, thereby economising in the
use of bricks."
I have specifically described my invention as applied to a wall of brick work, but
obviously the walls may bo of stone or any known type of building blocks, and
likewise the connecting and supporting blocks and the pipe sections may be formed of
earthenware or any other known material for the conditions required.
An important feature of my invention resides in the fact that the great weight of a
vertical line of piping is distributed to and borne by many blocks built into the wall,
in consequence of which the uppermost pipe sections do not sustain the weight of the
lowermost pipe sections.
On the contrary, each pipe section is supported entirely independent of the others
and hence there is no crushing strain on the line of piping due to the weight thereof.
The packed joint for the end of each pipe section is the same as indicated by the
numeral 19 in Fig. 7. In producing this joint I first introduce a ring of asphaltum,
then pour in hot asphaltum to seal the joint and pack in cement to strengthen the
same.
While I prefer this type of asphaltum joint, I do not confine myself thereto, as other
packing materials could be employed.
Instead of constructing the waste pipe sections with the ventilating passage, I may
make the ventilating pipe a separate structure. The ventilating pipe may pass
through the supporting block as indicated in Fig. 13, where the bell mouth 20 of a
ventilating pipe section 21 rests on the block.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In piping for buildings, the combination of the separable connecting and
supporting blocks built into the wall of a building and bound by the building
bricks, with the pipe sections having their ends joined to the blocks and communi-
cating therethrough, substantially as described.
2. In piping for buildings, the combination of the separate connecting and sup-
porting blocks built into a wall and having a width co-extensive therewith cr
approximately so, with the pipe sections having their ends mortised and tenoned to
the blocks, substantially as described.
3. In piping for buildings, the combination of the blocks having stepped mortises
and tenons and built into the wall of a building, with the pipe sections having tenons
and mortises respectively fitted to the stepped mortises and tenons of the blocks,
substantially as described.
4. In a piping for buildings, the combination of the polygonal blocks built into and
bound by the bricks of a building wall, and co-extensive with the thickness thereof or
approximately so, with the pipe sections having their ends fitted to the blocks and
communicating therethrough, substantially as described.
5. In piping for buildings, the combination of the polygonal blocks built into and
bound by the bricks of a building wall, with the pipe sections fitted to the blocks and

page_text: each formed integral with a longitudinal ventilating flue and a waste water conduit
or passage, substantially as described.
6. In waste piping for buildings, the combination with the connecting and sup-
porting blocks built into and bound by the brickwork of a building wall, with the
pipe section comprising end parts, an intermediate tube section and a sliding sleeve for
holding the latter in alignment with the end parts, substantially as described.
7. A waste pipe section for building walls, consisting of end parts, an intermediate
tube section, and a sliding sleeve for securing the latter in alignment with the end
parts, substantially as described.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.