Improvements for the Slaughter of Animals and the Preservation of Perishable Foods.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 15th May, 1891-Accepted, 26th Sept., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements for the Slaughter of Animals and the Preservation of
Perishable Foods.
I, DANIEL TALLERMAN of 184 Great Brunswick Street in the City of Dublin
Manager of a Company, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:-
Improvements in the arrangement of machinery and appliances for the slaughter
of animals. The preparation of fresh meat for transport. The utilization of edible
offal, and the manufacture of the waste and bye products from slaughtered animals,
the preservation of fish and other perishable foods.
The object of my invention is to provide the means and facilities
1st. For slaughtering animals in the districts where they are fattened, when they
are in the healthiest condition to yield the most nutritive meat for consumption.
2nd. For the carcases being speedily dressed and the meat effectively prepared
for transport.
3rd. For the conversion of edible offal while fresh into articles of a high class
character for popular consumption.
4th. For the partial or complete manufacture at or near the place of slaughter of
the waste and bye products resulting from animals.
5th. For the provision of complete establishments or manufactories of a portable
character for the above named purposes to enable the facilities they combine to be
placed at the disposal of farmers and stock owners in their own districts and
utilized in connection with local animals while they are in the best condition for
marketing and possess their highest value.
6th. For the preservation of fish and other perishable food products.
Hitherto it has been necessary when animals are fully matured and in a condition
for marketing to forward them for sale from the remote agricultural districts where
they have been fattened to the populous manufacturing and mining districts or other
centres of consumption, during the journey by road rail or boat the treatment the
animals are subjected to contrasts so greatly from the regular and quiet life they
have been accustomed to lead upon the secluded farms, where they have been bred
and reared that they become nervous and excited, the temperature of their blood
increases, resulting in a high state of fever, by reason of which and the irregular
manner in which they are fed-they rapidly lose flesh while their whole system
being subjected to a marked change resulting in the meat they yield becoming of a
depreciated and less nutritive character and the commercial value of the animal
materially reduced.
In addition to the above the course of realization thus followed necessitates the
animal passing through several owners before the meat reaches the retail butcher
each of whom derive a profit or commission which diminishes the gross receipts of
the producer.
Attempts have been made to slaughter animals on their farms and send the meat
only to market, but the practice of this course upon a small scale results in a large
loss being made upon the offal and coarse meats owing to their being insufficient in
quantity to be dealt with in a regular manner.
My invention proposes to remedy and improve the serious condition of things
thus described and I attain the object in view by providing a series of travelling
abattoirs or slaughter houses with preserving factories attached each consisting of
a number of railway trucks of uniform dimensions the under-carriages of which are
constructed and fitted in accordance with the requirements of the usual railway
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page_text: regulations to enable them to run with any passenger trains or to be coupled to a
engine and hauled to any given destination.
The upper portion of each truck I construct in a manner suitable for the purpos
it is intended to be used for and fitted with the particular appliances and machiner
to form a special establishment as hereafter described.
The trucks and the various purposes for which they will be utilized are substa
tially as follows, but I do not limit myself to this special enumeration, as th
number of trucks and their adaptation depends entirely upon the services they a
required for.
No. 1. Slaughtering and dressing cattle.
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2. Slaughtering and dressing sheep.
3. Slaughtering, scalding and dressing pigs.
4. Cooling carcasses and packing.
5. Refrigerating meat for transit.
。 6. Preparing and preserving meats sausage and brawn making &c.
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7. Steam, plant and machinery, melting pans, bone digestors.
8. Curing, pickling and smoking meat, tripe, tongue and sausages.
9. Hides, skins, horns, and hoof stores, tripe and gut cleaning.
10. Workshop and store for tinsmith, carpenter and engineer.
11. Spare chamber employés wardrobe store & stock room.
12. Cooking, dining, reading and smoking room for employés.
13. Manager's offices and committee room.
14. Water tanks.
By my invention the arrangement and general construction of the trucks will ||
as follows
The undercarriages of all the trucks to be constructed in accordance with t
usual railway regulations to permit of their being run with passenger trains, and
be provided with the most improved springs, buffers and couplings, all workin
parts being made extra strong. The sides and ends of the trucks to be in section
hinged at bottom, to allow of their being lowered when required to the level of t
floor of the truck, and by resting on jacks or other supports to form an extend
floor G G for working on, the roofs of the trucks to be inade either of timber
iron to open in centre, and hinged at sides, to allow of being opened up wh
required for working or to be of white canvas or other material strained up
frames or rollers and to be adjusted upon a ridge capable of being fixed at varyi
heights and strained to side rollers.
Portable rails E of suitable dimensions and guage to be provided for layi
upon the extended floors when at work, to allow of small trucks to be utilized f
the collection and distribution of material between the chambers with the lea
possible expenditure of time and labour, the extended floor when fixed to
surmounted with a timber or iron framing fitted to receive a series of panel do
to be provided for the purpose of forming an enclosure for the trucks when
work.
The accompanying drawings exhibit the proposed arrangement of each truck
its purpose.
FIG. No. 1. SLAUGHTERING CHAMBER FOR CATTLE.
This truck to be constructed generally as described and to be particularly fitt
with such special appliances that are requisite for its intended purpose.
Animals should be able to reach the floor of the truck and occupy an adva
tageous position for their being slaughtered without any perceptible effort up
their own part, for which purpose a long narrow staging with quartering screwed
the floor to allow of footholds and forming an incline similar to a steamb
landing-stage should be provided along which each beast would walk entering
stall or box C C resting on bearing and to which winding gear is attached to ena
it to be gradually lowered on to its side. A strong iron ring is bolted into the si

page_text: of the box near the top, to which the beast, upon entering the box is made fast by
the head with an ordinary stall rope and by this means without effort of its own or
sudden movement of the truck which would alarm it, the animal quietly assumes
the most convenient position for being expeditiously slaughtered and its carcass
removed to be dressed. That portion of the box or stall to which the beasts head
is made fast being fitted with a large enamelled iron dish D D having an outlet in
centre, to allow of the blood to flow into a receptacle below, thus allowing of the
box to be kept perfectly clean and much labour saved in the removal of the blood,
which by gravitation would collect itself in the form that it could be promptly
dealt with.
Two, three, or four stalls to be fitted to each truck in accordance with its length.
about 9 feet will be found to be a useful length for each stall the winding gear for
the boxes or stalls to be of sufficient strength to handle 1 ton and connected with a
windlass or other winding gear similar in character to what is used upon ordinary
drop bottom mineral trucks.
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Above the truck a double line of iron rails to be fitted upon powerful iron
supports to which rollers connected with hooks for hanging carcases will run from
the slaughtering chamber to the dressing and cooling chambers the windlass, with
lifting gear to be attached to the truck so as to be able to be transferred and used
for raising the dead carcases up to the rollers while their dressing is being
proceeded with.
FIG. No. 2. SHOWS THE SLAUGHTERING CHAMBER FOR SHEEP.
This chamber to be constructed upon the same lines as No. 1. but instead of the
lowering boxes three or more enclosed stalls A, A, A, to be furnished each 6 feet
long by the width of the trucks each chamber should be used for the slaughtering
of one sheep at the time, the sides being made to open and shut with swing
hinges C, C, C, so that the carcasses when ready to be dressed may be sent to the
dressing chamber B and from there to the cooling-room direct. The facilities for
the removal of the blood F F F and refuse to be of an appropriate character and
to be cleaned before another sheep is permitted to enter the chamber.
FIG. No. 3. SHOWS THE SLAUGHTERING CHAMBER FOR PIGS.
This chamber to be constructed generally on the lines laid down for Nos. 1 and 2,
and to have separate chambers A A A in accordance with the length of the truck
into which the pigs would be driven to be dealt with. Overhead gear with chains
attached to be fitted to this truck to enable the pigs to be suspended by the legs at
the proper height to be readily slaughtered. A properly fitted scalding tank B
connected with the boiler to be furnished to this truck for immersing the carcasses
and allowing of their being efficiently dressed and prepared for market.
FIG. No. 4. SHOWS THE MEAT DRESSING AND PACKING CHAMBER.
This truck to be constructed as before described and used for the completion of
the dressing of the carcasses and the preparation of the meat for transit. The
special fittings for the purpose will consist principally of overhead rails upon which
rollers will run with carcasses and sides of beef, carcasses of sheep and pigs the
rails to be fitted with switches at proper intervals to enable connection to be made
between the trucks and to be of a sufficiently substantial character to sustain at
least five tons dead weight. The carcasses after being fully dressed and divided into
sides of beef will hang in this or an adjoining chamber for 24 hours to allow the
animal heat to be completely eliminated from them, after which they should be
removed to the refrigerating chamber in which the temperature is regulated to
range from 35 to 37 degrees Fahrenheit for a further 24 hours when they will be
ready for being prepared for shipment. One set of self registering scales B to be
supplied to this truck capable of weighing sides of beef if necessary,; also two

page_text: FIG. No. 7. SHOWS THE STEAM MACHINERY AND PRESERVING PLANT
CHAMBER WITH THE APPROXIMATE SIZE AND RELATIVE POSITIONS OF
THE MACHINES.
This truck to be constructed as previously described but the undercarriage to
be of sufficient strength to carry ten tons. This truck to be utilized as the
machinery chamber for all the establishments and to contain the plant and
machinery for generating the steam required for heat or power, for all the opera-
tious incidental to or connected with the whole undertaking and to be fitted with
the requisite pipes for conveying steam to all the preserving plant, shafting
belting and gearing for transmitting power to all the machines to be provided and
used in connection with the whole establishments such shafting belting or gearing
to be so fitted to the necessary trucks as to be run overhead or on the undercarriage,
as may be deemed most fitting and expedient. The plant in this chamber to
include,
One ten horse portable hoiler A

page_text: FIGURE No. 9. SHOWS THE TRUCK OR CHAMBER FOR TREATING, MANU-
FACTURING OFFAL-ciz. HIDES, SKINS, HORNS, HOOFS, BLOOD, ENTRAILS,
AND OTHER ROUGH MATERIALS.
This truck to be constructed as before described generally and to be provided
with two water closets.
The following special plant to be provided for the purpose of this truck :-
1. Three enamelled iron tanks A. A. A. 8 feet long, 5 feet high, and 3 feet wide
to be fitted with angle iron rails at each end to carry tubes or bars, 4 inches apart,
upon which hides may be hung; to be fitted with inlet and outlet pipes.
2. Two enamelled iron tanks, B. B. 6 feet long, 5 feet high, and 3 feet wide for
sheep skins, pelts, horns, hoofs &c.
3. Three small enamelled iron tanks C. C. C. 3 feet deep, 3 feet long, 2 feet
wide, for tripe cleaning and washing.
4. Four iron tanks D. D. D. D. 2 feet x 2 feet × 2 feet for gut cleaning, washing
and sundry works.
5. Six iron trucks to run on the rails with hides refuse &c.
FIG. No. 10. THIS TRUCK TO COMPRISE A GENERAL WORKSHOP FOR TIN-
SMITH, CARPENTER, ENGINEER, &C.
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To be constructed as generally described, and to be specially fitted with :-
One carpenters' bench 6 feet x 3 feet A.
One general joiner, to be connected with engine, for case-making and sundry
work B.
One saw bench, to be worked by engine G.
One tinsmith's bench with swaging machine D.

page_text: It is intended, that the whole management of this department will be placed in
charge of a qualified attendant specially provided to attend upon the staff.
FIG. No. 12. MANAGER'S OFFICE AND COMMITTEE ROOM.
This truck to be fitted up generally in unison with the trucks already described, 2
but to be specially fitted as offices for manager A, assistant manager, and committee
meeting room. It should form a saloon carriage for travelling, or for the transaction
of business when stationary. It should be provided with lavatory accommodation CD,
similar to those in the first class carriages upon the English railways..
A truck is intended as a spare chamber-lavatory and wardrobe for the employés 3
where they may keep their spare clothes &c. It should be made to lock up, and be
placed in charge of the cooking room attendant.
FIG. No. 14.
This shows the truck intended to supply water to the whole establishment and
will contain Four or more water tanks A A A A A A. to be placed in separate 3
places, as required, each at least 500 gallon capacity, fitted so as to be lifted by
jacks to a desired height when empty, and to be filled by the engine's pump, at any
station where such supply is available.
It must be borne in mind that the provision of an adequate supply of water for
the various departments of the movement herewith contemplated is the most 4
important subject in connection with it requiring special and primary consideration
as without it, the rigid state of cleanliness that is an essential feature in abattoirs
cannot be maintained; at most of the railway junctions, where the arrangements
will be practically worked, a supply of water will be obtainable, but the means for
transmitting it from its storage, to be available as required in all directions, will,
in most cases, necessitate the use of a special truck, with tanks and pumps to allow
of a regular daily supply being furnished. An abattoir train when complete, if
of the necessary 24 feet trucks, will thus consist of 14 trucks, possessing a total
length of 336 feet, and a width when stationary with extended floors set and at
work of 20 feet, furnishing a total ground area of 6,720 feet, if the ordinary
American or Continental 36 feet trucks are used the floor area will be
10080 feet.

page_text: Each abattoir to be conducted by a qualified staff of managers, and managing
reman, or skilled experts for the various departments in connection with my
nproved system of slaughtering live stock, and preparing fresh home grown
eats for the British markets, utilizing the offal, and other articles yielded by the
aughter of animals to be as follows, each in charge of a special staff of industrial
nd commercial experts viz. :—
Each abattoir to be conducted by a qualified staff of managers, and managing
foreman, or skilled experts for the various departments in connection with my
improved system of slaughtering live stock, and preparing fresh home grown
meats for the British markets, utilizing the offal, and other articles yielded by the
saughter of animals to be as follows, each in charge of a special staff of industrial
and commercial experts viz. :—
1. General manager.
2. Assistant manager and secretary.
3. Clerk and bookkeeper.
4. General agent.
5. Engineer and machinist.
6. Tinsmith and preserver.
7. Slaughtering and dressing carcases.
8. Meat and tongue curing and smoking.
9. Brawn and collared head &c.
10. Sausage making and beef boiling.
11. Fat and lard melting, oleo making.
12. Tanning and fellmongering.
13. Tripe dressing and pickling.
14. Blood drying, albumen separating.
15. Gut cleaning and spinning.
16. Refrigerator and meat packing.
17. Cook, steward, and general attendant.
Assisted by casual labor of the locality.
Eagh abattoir may consist of any number of differently fitted trucks and any
number of trucks fitted in the same manner suitable to meet the requirement of the
districts it is intended to visit and work, and the number of cattle, sheep or pigs,
that are to be dealt with.
Having thus described the nature of my invention and the manner in which the
same is intended to be brought into practical operation, I would have it understood
that I do not mean or intend to confine myself to the precise apparatus above
described, or to the precise arrangements of the apparatus, neither do I claim as of
my invention any of the parts separately or otherwise of such described apparatus
otherwise than as combined for the purpose described or as hereafter set forth-
but what I do claim as my invention is.
First. The utilization of railway trucks for the purpose of manufactories of
various kinds more especially as abattoir for the slaughter of animals.
Second. As preparing and preserving establishment for the preparation of meat
and other animal products for consumption or use.
Third. The application of such trucks and machinery for the purpose.
Fourth. The lowering of the sides and ends of railway trucks so as to form an
extended floor area on the same level for special use.
Fifth. The addition to the floor area of railway truck by the connection of
square sections of flooring of any desired size, supported by screw jacks, pillars,
posts or otherwise.
Sixth. The provision of stalls or boxes that will permit of cattle, sheep, pigs
and other animals being slaughtered without being excited or frightened.
Seventh. The fitting and connection of receptacles by which the whole of the
blood from animal slaughtered may be readily collected and utilized.
Eighth. The provision of facilities by which the hides and skins from animals
may be immersed in antiseptic fluids or subjected to the earlier stages of the
tanning and fellmongering process-and their deterioration promptly arrested.
Dated this Seventeenth day of March 1891.
D. TALLERMAN,
184, Great Brunswick Street, Dublin.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements for the Slaughter of Animals and the Preservation of
Perishable Foods.
I, DANIEL TALLERMAN of 184 Great Brunswick Street in the City of Dublin
Manager of a Company do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
Improvements in the arrangement of machinery and appliances for the slaughter
of animals.
The preparation of fresh meat for transport.
The utilization of edible offal and the manufacture of the waste and bye products
from slaughtered animals.
The preservation of fish and other perishable foods.
The object of my invention is to provide the means and facilities:
1st. For slaughtering animals in the districts where they are fattened when
they are in the healthiest condition to yield the most nutritive meat for
consumption.
2nd. For the carcases being speedily dressed and the meat effectively prepared
for transport.
3rd. For the conversion of edible offal while fresh into articles of a high class
character for popular consumption.
4th. For the partial or complete manufacture at or near the place of slaughter
of the waste and bye products resulting from animals.
19.
5th. For the provision of complete establishments or manufactories of a portable
character for the above named purposes to enable the facilities they combine to be
placed at the disposal of farmers and stock owners in their own districts and utilized
in connection with local animals while they are in the best condition for marketing
and possess their highest value.
6th. For the preservation of fish and other perishable foods product.
Hitherto it has been necessary when animals are fully matured and in a condition
for marketing to forward them for sale from the remote agricultural districts where
they have been fattened to the populous manufacturing and mining districts or other
centres of consumption during the journey by road rail or boat the treatment the
animals are subjected to contrasts so greatly from the regular and quiet life they
have been accustomed to lead upon the secluded farms where they have been bred
and reared that they become nervous and excited the temperature of their blood
increases resulting in a high state of fever, by reason of which and the irregular
manner in which they are fed they rapidly lose flesh while their whole system
being subjected to a marked change resulting in the meat they yield becoming
of a depreciated and less nutritive character and the commercial value of the animal
materially reduced.
In addition to the above the course of realization thus followed necessitates the
animal passing through several owners before the meat reaches the retail butcher
each of whom derive a profit or commission which diminishes the gross receipts of
the producer.
Attempts have been made to slaughter animals on their farms and send the meat
only to market but the practice of this course upon a small scale results in a large
loss being made upon the offal and coarse meats owing to their being insufficient in
quantity to be dealt with in a regular manner.
My invention proposes to remedy and improve the serious condition of things
thus described and I attain the object in view by providing a series of travelling
abattoirs or slaughter houses with preserving factories attached each consisting of
a number of railway trucks the under carriages of which are constructed and fitted
in accordance with the requirements of the usual railway regulations to enable them

page_text: to run with any passenger trains or to be coupled to an engine and hauled to any
given destination.
The upper portion of each truck I construct in a manner suitable for the
purpose it is intended to be used for and fitted with the particular appliances
and machinery to form the whole or a portion of a special establishment as hereafter
described.
The approximate number of trucks and the various purposes for which they will
be utilized are substantially as follows, but I do not limit myself to this special-
enumeration as the number of trucks and their adaptation in the whole or in part
depends entirely upon the services they are intended to be utilized for.
No. 1. Slaughtering and dressing cattle.
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2. Slaughtering and dressing sheep.
3. Slaughtering scalding and dressing pigs.
4. Cooling carcases and preparing meat for refrigeration.
5. Refrigerating meat for transit.
6. Preparing and preserving meats sausage and brawn making &c.
7. Steam plant and machinery melting pans bone digestors.
8. Curing, pickling and smoking meat tripe tongue and sausages.
9. Hides skins horns and hoof, blood tripe and gut cleaning.
10. General workshop for tinsmith carpenter and engineer.
11. Cooking dining reading and smoking room for employes.
12. Manager's offices and committee room.
13. Portable refrigerator various kinds.
14. Water tanks.
By my invention the arrangement and general construction of the trucks will be
as follows.
The undercarriages of all the trucks to be constructed in accordance with the
usual railway regulations to permit of their being run with passenger trains and to
be provided with the most improved springs, buffers and couplings, all working parts
being made extra strong. The sides and ends of the trucks to be in sections hinged
at bottom, to allow of their being lowered when required to the level of the floor of
the truck and by resting on screw jacks or other supports to form an extended floor
for working upon the roofs of the trucks to be made either of canvas timber or iron
to open in centre and hinged at sides, to allow of being opened up when required for
working or to be of white canvas or other material strained upon frames or rollers
and to be adjusted upon a ridge capable of being fixed at varying heights strained
to side rollers on wall plates and connected with moveable sides or walls fitted in
grooved panning referred to below.
Portable rails of suitable dimensions and gauge to be provided for laying upon
the extended floors, when at work to allow of small trucks to be utilized for the
collection and distribution of material between the chambers with the least possible
expenditure of time and labour, the extended floor when fixed to be surmounted
with a timber or iron framing fitted to receive a series of framed canvas shutters
or panel doors to be provided for the purpose of forming an enclosure for the trucks
when at work.
The 13 sheets of drawings filed with the Provisional Specification and the sheet
filed with the Complete Specification exhibit the proposed arrangement of the
machinery fittings and plant in each truck.
SHEET 1. SLAUGHTERING CHAMBER FOR CATTLE.
Each truck to be constructed generally as described and to be particularly fitted
with such special appliances that are requisite for its intended purpose.
Animals should be able to reach the floor of the truck and occupy an advantageous
position for their being slaughtered without any perceptible effort upon their own
part for which purpose a long narrow staging with quartering screwed to the floor
to allow of footholds and forming an incline similar to a steamboat landing stage
B
..

page_text: should be provided along which each beast would walk entering a stall or box
resting on bearings and to which winding gear is attached to enable it to be
gradually lowered on to its side. A strong iron ring being bolted into the side of
the box near the top, to which the beast upon entering the box is made fast by the
head with an ordinary stall rope and by this means without any effort of its own
or sudden movement of the truck which would alarm it the animal quietly assumes
the most convenient position for being expeditiously slaughtered and its carcase
removed to be dressed. That portion of the box or stall to which the beasts head
is made fast being fitted with a large enamelled iron dish having an outlet in
centre, to allow of the blood to flow into a receptacle below, thus allowing of the
box to be kept perfectly clean, and much labour saved in the removal of the
blood which by gravitation would collect itself in the form that it could be
promptly dealt with.
Two, three or four stalls to be fitted to each truck in accordance with its length
about 9 feet will be found to be a useful length for each stall the winding gear for
the boxes or stalls to be of sufficient strength to handle 1 ton and connected with
a windlass or other winding gear similar in character to what is used upon ordinary
drop bottom mineral trucks.
Above the truck a double line of iron rails to be fitted upon powerful iron
supports to which rollers connected with hooks for hanging carcasses will run from
the slaughtering chamber to the dressing and cooling chambers, the windlass with
lifting gear to be attached to the truck so as to be able to be transferred and used
for raising the carcasses up to the rollers while their dressing is being proceeded
with.
AA are compartments in which animals are slaughtered by any of the ordinary
methods practised in different districts and countries but as a preference the system.
of cutting the throat if expertly performed will be found to be the most humane
and beneficial as it permits of the blood rapidly draining from the carcase, by
which the meat attains a better condition and becomes more healthy. It is essential
that animals should be quietly dealt with and carefully treated previous to slaughter
and every means should be adopted to prevent any knowledge of their impending
fate reaching them, for this purpose pens or stalls, each of sufficient capacity for
one animal are provided-these stalls C. C. are connected with ordinary drop
bottom gearing by short lengths of iron chain of adequate strength to enable the
stall to be lowered about one foot and the top of stall is connected with a cogged
bar or any other mechanical contrivance that will permit of its being canted over
on to its side upon entering the stall the animal's head is made fast by an ordinary
rope to a ring bolt fixed in the upper side of the stall. By gradually canting the
stall on to its side, the animal, without any effort of its own, promptly assumes the
most favourable position for being expeditiously and quietly slaughtered. Upon
the animal reaching its intended position it will be in close proximity to D. an
enamelled iron concave plate two feet in diameter with conduit pipe in centre
through which the whole of the blood would flow into a vessel placed underneath
the floor and being readily removable to the drying chamber for treatment while
yet warm and in a liquid state. After the blood has drained the carcase is hoisted
by means of an ordinary winch on to an iron overhead runway and sent into the
dressing chamber B. where it is flayed and disembowelled and severed through the
spine so as to become two sides of beef. G G. is an extended floor on both sides
of the truck about 6 feet in width on each side upon which portable rails E are
laid for small trucks to run upon such trucks receiving the different portions of
the animals, as they are separated from the carcase and conveying them to the
special department fitted up for their preparation. F. F. are turn plates to allow
of the trucks being moved close to the carcase while being dressed, to enable the
operator to place each of the portions in its intended receptacle as they are removed
from the body thus avoiding all unnecessary handling which is detrimental to fresh
food products, and also extra labour which is costly. The dimensions of the truck
in this and all the remaining sheets are taken at 24 feet in length and 8 feet in

page_text: SHEET 2. FIG. 2. CHAMBERS FOR SLAUGHTERING AND DRESSING SHEEP.
The general construction of the under carriage of this truck is similar to the one
previously named, the superstructure, is, however, differently fitted consisting of
three separate compartments A. A. A. of smaller dimensions and a dressing room
for the carcasses B.-each of the chambers is fitted with a swing door C-and an
iron drain plate F for the blood. The rails D with the turn plate E and the
extended floor G are uniform in character to the items previously described on
Sheet 1.
SHEET 3. FIG. 3. CHAMBER FOR SLAUGHTERING SCALDING AND
DRESSING PIGS.
The general construction of the under portions of this truck is the same as those
previously described the references A. A. being the slaughtering compartments.
B. the scalding and dressing room. C swing doors. D portable rails on extended
floor. E blood drain. F turn plate for trucks. G extended floor. H dressing
table. I scalding tank connected with the boiler in Fig. 7. It will thus be seen
that while the nature and character of each class of animals varies to a marked
extent necessitating different treatment in slaughtering and dressing that the
requirements of each are effectively provided for, but it is not claimed that each
of the trucks are required to an equal extent in every district-the trucks for each
abattoir should be supplied in accordance with the requirements of the particular
spot where it is intended to put them into practical operation thus in some districts
the live stock will consist of nearly all cattle-while in another district pigs may
be the only available live stock, and in other places there may be nothing but
sheep therefore it is not claimed that each moveable abattoir should consist of
any fixed number of trucks or of trucks of any given dimensions but that they
may be varied at will to meet the requirements of the particular district and
prevailing season.
SHEET 4. FIG. 4. FLOOR PLAN OF CHAMBER FOR COOLING CARCASES
AND PREPARING THEM FOR TRANSIT.
This chamber is provided for the purpose of hanging the carcases in after they
have been dressed, it being absolutely necessary that meat should be thoroughly
set before any attempt is made to remove it. For this purpose it should hang in
a chamber cooled to 39 degrees Fahrenheit for from 24 to 36 hours, at the expiration
of this time it may be cut into quarters or other joints as may be required and
removed to a chamber where the temperature is dry and maintained at 35 to
36 degrees. This chamber is fitted with a series of ordinary butchers hooks fitted
to the roof and is capable of being tightly closed. The general construction of the
lower portion being the same as that of the trucks previously mentioned, the
references to the fitting being A. A. cutting up tables. B weighing machines.
C. portable rails and D extended floor.
SHEET 5. FIG. 5. REFRIGERATING TRUCK FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF
MEAT AND OTHER PERISHABLE FOOD PRODUCTS.
This truck or car is largely used in America for the conveyance of meats and
fruits in the drawing shown it is 34 feet in length-A shows half longitudinal
section through centre B half side elevation with part of siding removed C is the
ice receptacle and C₁ a wire netting C" a metal apron upon hooks 2 inches below

page_text: which is an insulated surface D. The object of which is to come between any
moisture on C and the air in the car an ice receptacle similar in construction is
placed at each end of the car creating an automatic current of air deprived of all
moisture. There are numerous systems of refrigerator cars, and this particular car
is introduced not by reason of its being superior to any other system but because
it is essential to have an effective system of refrigeration in connection with any
system of fresh meat transport.
The trucks thus far referred to are connected with a distinct portion of my
system viz. The slaughter of live, stock and the preparation of their meats for
transport in a form and manner that will enable any particular portions of a carcase
to be forwarded to distant markets or butchers so as to reach its destination in the
best order and condition.
:
The trucks to be next described are in connection with a further branch of my
system viz. The preparation of the coarse or boiling joints of the carcase and
also the edible offal into commodities of a known character in which form they are
readily saleable and possess a largely increased commercial value such as the
conversion of briskets into pressed beef-flanks into rolled spiced beef-tails and
feet into soups-heads, necks, legs and shins into brawns, minced collops, collared
heads and articles of a similar character.
SHEET 6. FIG. 6. MEAT PREPARING CHAMBER WITH THE FITTINGS AND
THEIR POSITION.
The undercarriage of this truck to be constructed as before described and
furnished with the necessary fittings-appliances and plant to enable meats to be
dealt with and prepared for "small goods "such as sausages, brawns, collared head,
potted meats minced collops preserved meats, soups and other comestibles known
to the trade.
The plant described is only a general indication of what is required and may be
varied to meet the particular requirements of each special case :-
A. A. A. are three beefs presses.
B. B. B. are three tongue presses.
H. One tincture press.
I. One juice press.
J. One fruit press.
L. One spice grinding mill.
T. T. Two cutting tables.
F. One set scales and weights for meats.
G. One set scales and weights for seasonings.
C. One meat mincer.
M. One sausage filler.
N. One bone crusher.
O. O. Two meat stands and rails.
D. Steam meat chopper.
E. Steam fat cutter.
P. Steam seive for potted meats.
Q. Portable rails for trucks.
R. R. Turn plate for trucks.
S. S. Extended floor.
SHEET 7. FIG. 7. STEAM MACHINERY AND PRESERVING PLANT CHAMBER.
The undercarriage of this truck to be constructed similar to those previously
described but to be of sufficient strength to carry ten tons the boiler should be of
sufficient capacity to provide the steam required for heat or power for the whole of
the operations incidental to or connected with the entire undertaking and to be
fitted with pipes for conveying steam to all the preserving plant scalding tank &c.,

page_text: the engine for working the different machines to be connected with them by shafting
and gearing fitted as much as possible to the under carriages of the trucks. The
plant and machinery in this chamber includes:
A. Ten horse steam boiler.
11
SHEET 8. FIG. 8. CHAMBER FOR CURING AND SMOKING MEATS TONGUES
AND SAUSAGES, DRESSING AND PICKLING TRIPE, COOKING FAT AND LARD.
The undercarriage of this truck to be constructed as previously described and the
following special fittings to be supplied to it in connection with the operations
intended to be carried on in it :-
A. 50 gallon portable boiler with steamer attached.
B. Massive deal cutting table 5 0 × 30-3 inch top.
C. C. Two six foot meat stands with rails.
D. One brine injector.
E. E. Two beef curing tanks.
F: F. Two tongue tanks.
G. G. G. Three tanks for tripe.
G. One tank for feet.
H. One lard cooling tank.
I. One beef tank.
J. Smoke house for tongues sausages & briskets of beef.
K. Portable rails for small trucks.
L. Turn plate for trucks.
M. M. Extended floors.
The following trucks are devoted to a department of my system having for its
object the better realization of the manufacturing offal and bye or waste products
yielded by animals upon slaughter. It will be understood that from the very
nature of the proposed railway abattoirs that they will be almost entirely brought
into active operation in agricultural districts distantly situated from manufacturing
centres. Under ordinary circunstances a marked depreciation in value would take
place during the time occupied in transmission from the producing to the manu-
facturing districts. My system the details of which are hercin set out is devised to
prevent this loss from depreciation. I attain that object by subjecting each of the
articles to the preliminary stages of manufacture by which their deterioration is
stayed thus with hides instead of being salted and packed,-a process that involves
a considerable expenditure of material and labor. I immerse them in tanks of lime
water by which they pass through the first stage of the tanning process-or in lieu
of lime water I utilize any other preservative fluid that will maintain the hides in
good condition until they reach the tannery-with the blood the depreciation is
more marked for unless dealt with immediately after it is drained from the animal
it only has a value as a fertilizer but if promptly dealt with while yet warm from
the beast and the " serum separated from the "clot" the former furnishes an
article of good commercial value known as albumen.
,,
'
While the latter yields a valuable manure well known in all directions as "dried
blood" the gut of all animals if promptly cleaned is capable of being converted

page_text: into bladders, spun into cords or made into a variety of articles that have a ready
sale at good prices but if allowed to lay about in their filth they speedily become
putrid and valueless. These I propose to clean wash, salt and pack in barrels for
transmission to a central depot to be further dealt with, and the blood after being
separated, I propose to lay on shallow trays and dry in an ordinary hot air
chamber.

page_text: N. N. Extended floors.
This department of the establishment requires special attention and supervision.
Machinery will speedily get out of order if not regularly lubricated, and working
men will more readily do so if not properly dealt with by those who control them.
The work under this system will be to a large extent carried out in remote districts,
where little or no accomodation exists. Each member of the staff in the several
departments must be a skilled expert of his particular branch and will be required
to exercise this skill and abilities with regularity and promptitude. This can only
be hoped for by the full provision of these facilities that tend to furnish enjoyable
foods and comfortable rest upon the cessation from labour. An additional truck
furnished with beds and bedding should be attached to this truck for the supply of
sleeping accomodation for the employes and also as wardrobe and lavatory.
This drawing filed with the Complete Specification illustrates various styles of
portable refrigerators for the conveyance of fresh meat. In addition to the con-
veyance shown by the drawings on Sheet 5 each of the boxes will contain about
one ton weight of fresh meat. They are intended to be loaded at the abattoir and
forwarded direct to their destination, being conveyed by rail upon an ordinary
platform wagon or upon the deck of a steam ship.
A. A. This refrigerator is built upon an undercarriage having three wheels. It
is intended to be used when the whole of the shipment by it is intended for one
consignee, and can readily be drawn to the railway station upon its own wheels and
run on to a platform truck, when upon arrival at the terminal station it can be
taken direct to its destination without any disturbance of its contents.
C. C. This refrigerator is of a similar capacity and character, but the under
carriage is fitted with wheels of a small diameter. This refrigerator is intended to
be used when the shipments by it are consigned to several parties and require to
be unloaded at the railway station for delivery.
B. This refrigerator is intended for conveyance on the deck of a steam ship, the
meat being taken to it and packed in it on board the vessel. Refrigerators of this

page_text: character are in common use in America and Canada for the conveyance of fresh
..-fish.
SHEET 13. FIG. 13. TRUCK FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF WATER SUPPLY.
A. A. A. A. A. A. Six water tanks.
B. Portable rails.
C. C. Extended floors.
This shows the truck intended to supply water to the whole establishment and
will contain: Four six or more water tanks to be placed in separate places as
required, each at least 500 gallon capacity, fitted so as to be lifted by jacks to a
desired height when empty, and to be filled by the engines pump at any station
where such supply is available.
It must be borne in mind that the provision of an adequate supply of water
for the various departments of the movement herewith contemplated is the most
important subject in connection with it, requiring special and primary consideration
as without it, the rigid state of cleanliness that is an essential feature in abattoirs
cannot be maintained. At most of the railway junctions where the arrangements
will be practically worked, a supply of water will be obtainable but the means for
transmitting it from its storage, to be available as required in all directions will, in
most cases, necessitate the use of a special truck, with tanks and pumps to allow of
a regular daily supply being furnished. An abattoir train when complete, if of the
necessary 24 feet trucks, will thus consist of 14 trucks, possessing a total length
of 336 feet, and a width when stationary with extended floors set, and at work,
of 20 feet, furnishing a total ground area of 6,720 feet. If the ordinary American
or Continental 36 feet trucks are used the floor area will be 10080 feet.
Each abattoir to be conducted by a qualified staff of managers and managing
foreman or skilled experts for the various departments in connection with my
improved system of slaughtering live stock and preparing fresh home grown meats
for the British markets utilizing the offal, and other articles yielded by the
slaughter of animals to be as follows, each in charge of a special staff of industrial
and commercial experts viz. :-
1. General manager.
2. Assistant manager and secretary.
3. Clerk and bookkeeper..
4. General agent.
5. Engineer and machinist.
6. Tinsmith and preserver.
7. Slaughtering and dressing carcases.
8. Meat and tongue curing and smoking.
9. Brawn and collared head &c.
10. Sausage making and beef boiling.
11. Fat and lard melting, oleo making.
12. Tanning and fellmongering.
13. Tripe dressing and pickling.
14. Blood drying, albumen separating.
15. Gut cleaning and spinning.
16. Refrigerating and meat packing.
17. Cook, steward and general attendant.
Assisted by casual labour of the locality.
Each abattoir may consist of any number of differently fitted trucks and any
number of trucks fitted in the same manner suitable to meet the requirement of the
districts it is intended to visit and work, and the number of cattle, sheep or pigs
that are to be dealt with.
Having thus described the nature of my invention and the manner in which the
same is intended to be brought into practical operation I would have it under-

page_text: stood that I do not mean or intend to confine myself to the precise apparatus
above described or to the precise arrangements of the apparatus; neither do I
claim as of my invention any of the parts separately or otherwise of such
described apparatus otherwise than as combined for the purpose described or as
hereafter set forth-but what I do claim as my invention is:-
First. The utilization of railway trucks for the purpose of manufactories of
various kinds-more especially as abattoirs for the slaughter of animals.
Second. As preparing and preserving establishment for the preparation of meat
and other animal products for consumption or use.
Third. The application of such trucks and machinery for the purpose.
Fourth. The lowering of the sides and ends of railway trucks so as to form an
extended floor area on the same level for special use.
Fifth. The addition to the floor area of railway truck by the connection of
square sections of flooring of any desired size, supported by screw jacks, pillars
posts or otherwise.
Sixth. The provision of stalls or boxes that will permit of cattle sheep, pigs and
other animals being slaughtered without being excited or frightened.
Seventh. The fitting and connection of receptacles by which the whole of the
blood from animals slaughtered may he readily collected and utilized.
Eighth. The provision of facilities by which the hides and skins from animals
may be immersed in antiseptic fluids or subjected to the earlier stages of the
tanning and fellmongering process, and their deterioration promptly arrested.
Dated this 13th day of May 1891
D. TALLERMAN,
184, Great Brunswick Street, Dublin.