Improvements in Metal, Stone, and Wood Working Tools.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 30th May, 1891
Improvements in Metal, Stone, and Wood Working Tools.
I, HERMANN BAUMOTTE, of Singscheiderberg, near Kupferdreh. Prussia, Stone
Cutter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of tools for the dressing of stones,
cutting of metal and of wood, these tools being made of thin (tempered) steel plates.
The small steel plates are as thin over their entire length as the pointed or
sharpened end of the tools (chisel carving tool) hitherto used for dressing stone and
working metal and wood. The thickness of the small steel plates is only about th
of a millimetre and even less, so that the sharpening of tools becomes accordingly
superfluous, the small plates being as thin as the cutting edges of former tools.
According as the tool is required for dressing stones, cutting metal or wood so it
is specially arranged.
For dressing stones, I make the tool in such a manner as to connect as a whole
several tempered steel plates of a thickness of about 1th of a millimetre alternately
with soft metal, or other material. Between each two such metal plates, I place an
equally thin brass plate and the bundle so obtained is soldered together with tin and
fixed to a handle, or other suitable holder.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 shows one of the thin metal plates a.
Figures 2 and 3 show two side views of the complete tool.
An alternative row of steel plates a and of brass plates are connected together
by means of solder into a firm piece which I call a tooth and which is fixed in the
handle or holder A. This tooth is very blunt at the beginning but as it is working,
the soft brass plates wear very quick when the hard edges of the small steel plates
reach the lower edge of the tooth and act as projecting sharp edges, which operate
like the cutting edge of a chisel. Hence the tooth of the tool becomes sharp by use
i.e. the sharpness is obtained by use.
Instead of brass plates, another soft substance like paper may be used as an
intermediate layer for the small steel plates. When such paper sheets are used,
they must be a little smaller than the steel plates, so that the tin may connect the
edges of the steel plates together.
The tooth is preferably made to assume a conical form, but it can also be
arranged in such a manner as to enclose the bundle of steel and soft metal plates in
a casing c, as shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6. The said steel plates may also be bent
over on their longitudinal edge a', as shown in Figures 7 and 8, so as to have a
Ushaped cross section, the space between the bent longitudinal edges being lined
or filled with soft material. The tooth prepared in this manner is soldered with
tin in order to bind the steel plates together.
The small steel plates may, in all cases, be highly tempered and even reach the
degree of tempering of files, and hence it wears out very little when used, which
enables the hardest stones to be dressed. It may be remarked while on this subject,
that in this case, the soldering by means of tin has no influence on the temper of the
steel plates as many experiments have conclusively demonstrated.
If a deeper groove, or break than usual is required to be cut in the stone, a row
of teeth are fixed, one behind the other, at the lower edge of a metal plate and
move perpendicularly up and down in lateral guides, while bearing upon the stone.
Repeated blows cause a groove or break to be formed in the stone, by means of
which, the latter is finally divided in two parts, each of which has a plain surface.

page_text: Water is plentifully supplied to the teeth in order to remove the stoney dust or
powder produced.
To prepare shaped stones, I fix the teeth to the lower edge of a frame of corre-
sponding form B, Figure 9, which is composed, as shown in Figure 10, of separate
flat iron pieces B connected together by grooves and tongues, and subsequently
ollered with tin. The frame is moved up and down in suitable guides, and hence
bear upon the stone.
With the various forms of tool above described, grooves, rabbets, breaks, or
seams can be cut to a limited depth only as the teeth must be formed with a conical
shape, so that as the tooth wears, the seam, break, or groove becomes narrower and
there is no further room for a new tooth. In order therefore to obtain grooves,
breaks, or seams of unlimited depth, the tool is arranged in the following manner :
arrange the teeth at the lower edge of the plate, or of the shell, or other holder,
no more in a closed row but at intervals, as shown in Figures 11 and 12. The lower
end of the holder is furnished up to a certain height with notches corresponding
with the intervals between the teeth. Between the lower ends of the teeth is
clamped a pieced (a wire or the like) which separates the teeth from one another
(Figures 12 and 13) so that the groove or break to be formed has a corresponding
width to that of the teeth. Owing to the resiliency of the split holder, the clamped
or locking piece is firmly held and is forced upwards according as the teeth wear
when the latter are hammered on the stone. This locking piece presses the teeth
uniformly apart towards both sides, and hence the groove, cut, or break remains
uniform and is not narrowed.
The tool should however be also moved towards the sides in order to meet the
parts of the stone which are between the teeth.
In a similar manner, the outer teeth of a tool (Figures 14 or 15) intended to form
circular or disc shaped recesses may be pushed apart from one another by a locking
piece d. I may however, in the case of cuts of great depth, arrange the tool in the
imanner shown in Figures 16, 17 and 18. In this case, the slots of the plate, or of
the shell, or other holder of the teeth, extend from the bottom to the top, so that
the holder consists of separate strips which are connected together by means of
cross-bars g. The teeth are fixed to the lower ends of the strips, each second
strip of which is furnished immediately above the tooth with a transverse slot in
which a lever his arranged to oscillate and has spherical ends h
The latter engage in slant slots Figure 18, of the adjoining strips and are
connected with tension wires leading to the upper end of the holder. If one of
the wires is pulled at one end the spherical ends move in the slant slots * and
thus press the strips laterally apart. According as the teeth are wearing, the
spherical ends of the lever hare gradually pulled higher.
When I use in the making of teeth, small steel plates of Ụ shaped cross section
with laterally projecting ribs as shewn in Figures 19 and 20, I place two such teeth
in close proximity one to the other in such a manner, that the lateral ribs i of the
In
one engages within the intervening spaces formed by the ribs of the other.
separate intervals place a locking piece d which presses the teeth apart and
moves upwards as the teeth wear.
I may finally as shown in Figures 21 and 22 fix the teeth in a solid piece k to
which are connected a number of flexible tubes. The two outer tubes m lead to
channels of the metal piece, and the two pipes n adjoining m lead to the
channel n¹. The channels m' lead to one and the channels to the other
side of
.
The pipes o placed between the pipes are closed below by the metal piece k.
The pipes m, and o are connected at the top to a common pipe.
During operations, water is allowed to issue under proper pressure, sometimes
through the pipes m and sometimes through the pipes n as desired. When the
water runs through the pipes m and m', the metal piece is forced by the pressure
of the water against the right wall of the cut, groove, or break, but if the water

page_text: runs through the pipes n and n', k is pressed against the left wall and thus the
narrowing of the opening is prevented."
0
The middle pipes o serve to transmit the blow to the metal piece k. The pipes
are filled with water or compressed air so that a blow which applied upon a piston
arranged at the upper end of their common connecting tube is transmitted by the
water or air to the metal piece k.
Tools which are intended to be used for working wood are simpler in their
constructions in so far that the working tooth need only consist of single steel
plate.
For the blades of plane irons (Figure 23) a single thin steel plate is inserted in
the iron and projects somewhat beyond the latter and is fixed thereto by soldering
with tin. This occurs likewise with the carving tool Figure 27.
In Figure 25 place at suitable intervals in a band saw single steel plates or
frames a which for the sake of the greatest durability are formed of hollow prisms
or of truncated pyramids as shewn in Figure 26. The lower part, as far as the
tooth is encased in the plate is furnished with a fixed core p. The teeth are fixed
by soldering with tin.
When the metal plates are made a little thicker they can be inserted in a flat
and unchanged form in the saw plate as shown in Figure 27. The small plates
can be placed vertically in the saw plate or frame or obliquely as shewn in
Figure 28.
In Figure 29 is illustrated the arrangement of the steel plates a for a circular
In all cases the plates are fixed by tin soldering.
saw.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The manufacture of cutting tools of thin and tempered steel strips or plates in
such a manner that a number of sich plates furnished with plates of soft material
placed between are connected so as to form a whole by soldering with an easily
fusible metal and in which the cutting edges are formed by the edges of the steel
plates, as set forth and substantially as exemplified by the annexed drawings.
2. A tool of the kind above claimed in which the thin tempered steel plates are
placed separately in a holder so as to somewhat project therefrom and are fixed by
soldering with tin or an easily fusible metal.
Dated this 14th day of April 1891.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London, Agent for H. Baumotte.