Improvements in Type Writers.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Nov., 1889-Accepted, 7th Dec., 1889
תח זמנם
SURADIATION
Improvements in Type Writers.
A communication from abroad by LYMAN SAWIN HAPGOOD, of Boston, Massachusetts,
United States of America, Real Estate Agent.
I, JOHN EDWARD LLOYD BARNES of the firm of Sloan and Lloyd Barnes, Castle
Chambers, Castle Street, Liverpool in the county of Lancaster, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention has for its object the improvement of the type-writer commonly
known as the "Hall," which includes as ordinarily constructed, a paper holder or clip
which is stationary, and a moving printing mechanism.
"
In the present invention I aim to retain the essential elements of the "Hall"
printing mechanism, but instead of adapting this mechanism to move, as in the "Hall
machine, to make it stationary, so far as longitudinal movement is concerned, and
adapt the paper carriage to move step by step, thus securing desirable advantages
hereinafter enumerated, and great economy in the manufacture of the machine, the
parts omitted in this construction being particularly expensive to manufacture,
and difficult to make interchangeable for different machines.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 represents a plan view of a machine embodying the "Hall" Printing
frame with my improvements attached.
Figure 2 is a central sectional view through the machine from front to rear.
Figure 3 is a detail view of the rack bar of the paper carriage and the means for
moving the same.
Figure is a detailed sectional view showing the levers or slides for actuating the
rack bar.
Figure 5 is a further detail of the operating pawl and the holding pawl for the
rack bar of the paper carriage.
Figure 6 is a perspective view of the pivoted frame carrying the printing mechanism,
with the indicator and pointer removed.
In these drawings, the printing mechanism, excepting the inking pad is mounted
upon a plate A, which is provided with a central adjustable impression stud a,
projecting through to the other side. An indicator b, is secured to this plate and
provided with a series of spaces having the different letters of the alphabet, figures
and other characters, arranged therein.
The type plate or form, which is composed of flexible material arranged upon a
suitable frame with the letters thereof either of rubber or of hardened material
secured to the rubber background, is connected by means of loosely connected levers
to the undersurface of the plate A, so as to have universal movement through the
medium of the pointer C, pivotally connected to a rod c, which in turn is rigidly
fastened to the frame of the type form. These parts are identical with similar parts
of the Hall Machine and the method of operation is precisely the same. Beneath
the plate A is a supporting frame therefor marked D, which carries an inking pad e,
which has an opening in the centre directly beneath the impression point. By the
movement of the pointer C the letters of the type form are thoroughly inked by
contact with the pad, and when the end of the pointer is placed in the recess of
the indicator corresponding to the letter which it is desired to get an impression of,
the position of the pointer brings the frame into proper position so as to have the
desired letter directly beneath the impression point, and in line with the opening in
the bottom of the frame D, and as pressure is applied to the pointer, the impression
point a forces the desired letter through the opening, and the paper beneath receives
the imprint thereof.

page_text: Instead of making the type mechanism longitudinally movable as in the "Hall"
machine mentioned, to allow for the proper spacing of the letters, I pivot this printing
mechanism in bearings which have no longitudinal movement. It is held directly in
the pivoted frame D which has suitable bearings in the arms E, which project to the
rear as shown in figure 1, being held together by a tie rod d. The side pieces of the
frame Dare connected throughout its front portion by a bottom plate which forms a
support for an inking pad e, both the pad and bottom plate having an opening therein
as shown at f.
Heretofore, in the use of the "Hall" machine, it has been difficult to secure carbon
copies, by reason, first, of the softness of the rubber type, and secondly of the small
amount of leverage which was permitted in the movement of the printing surface
from its normal position to the point of contact with the surface of the paper. The
first objection has been overcome by the use of hardened type or metallic type on a
flexible background, and one of the objects of my invention is to overcome the second
objection which is now the most serious one. To this end I connect the printing
frame proper, indicated at A, to its supporting frame by means of short links all of
the same length, two connecting the front end of the plate A with the side walls of
the pivoted frame D, and the other two connecting the rear end of the plate with a
cross bar g, carrying said links and having bearings formed in the side walls of the
said framo D.
These links are indicated at h. The front links are pivotally connected by means of
screws passing into studs secured near the front edge of the plate A, and these links
extend rearwardly and have a screw connection with the side walls. As the links are
of the same length, and as the rear links extend rearwardly in the same way as the
front links, it will be seen that the plate A has a movement independent of the
frame D, but at all times, in the varying positions of the plate, it is in a plane parallel
to that of the inking pad carried by the frame D. By means of this independent
movement, the plate A, which as before described, carries the type form, may be lifted
clear of the ink pad, while being accurately guided by its parallel links, and as these
links are connected to the frame D a distance away from their connection with the
plate A equal to the length of the said links, it will be seen that great leverage is
secured, and the impact of the type upon the paper may be greatly increased over
that which is possible in the present "Hall" machine.
The plate A is kept normally out of contact with the inking, pad, by means of
springs, secured to the side pieces of the frame and bearing beneath pins l
on the plate A. In order to adjust or limit the independent movement of the
plate A, I provide a movable stud held to one of the side pieces of the frame D,
by means of a set-screw, with its upper end carrying a roller projecting in line
with one of the pivoted links h, and thus the upward movement of the frame is
limited. The stud is adjusted by shifting it on the side piece.
The paper carriage is shown at F. It is composed of a suitable metal frame
having end walls in which are supported in suitable bearings, feed rollers 2, 3,
the roller 2 being larger and provided upon its end with a milled thumb nut.
The smaller roller is held in adjustable bearings which are under spring tension,
by means of the projecting stems 4 threaded on their ends, and carrying milled
nuts with interposed springs, suitable tension thus being applied upon the rollers
to increase the frictional contact of the rollers with the paper.
After the paper is inserted, between the rollers, it is directed over a smooth
surface, consisting of a plate 5 overlapping a portion of the large roller, and
serving as a bearing for the paper when receiving the impression from the letter.
Between the side standards of the machine, I pivot a hent bar 6, the lower surface
of which is below the level of the feed rolls, and as the paper passes beneath the
bent bar 6, it is kept away from contact with the operating parts, and directed
smoothly beneath the machine. A. spring clip pivoted to the end walls of the
carriage, is adapted. to be swung back to disclose the bight of the feed rolls to
receive the paper, and after the paper is in place to be pushed forward, thus
holding the paper firmly in position, and down close upon the plain surface 5

page_text: before referred to. This clip has a bevelled edge, which may also serve as a paper
cutter to tear off portions of the paper.
The carriage F is provided with a light metal frame having a rack bar 7 on its front
side, with a space between this rack bar and the lower part of the frame, and in this
space 1 provide two supporting wheels or pulleys 8 which serve to support the front
side of the carriage.
For the rear of the carriage, I provide a track 9 on which bear flanges 10,
extending from the rear of the machine, as shown in figure 2.
The frame of the machine beneath the large roller is provided with a curved metal
plate which serves to direct the paper to the bight of the rollers, and at the
same time keep it free from grease or oil. The paper carriage moves freely from
left to right, its extreme movement in this direction being limited by means of a
fixed stop on the base coming in contact with one of the bearing flanges on the
rear of the carriage. Its movement in the opposite direction is step by step to
allow for the printing of letters alongside each other, and the mechanism for thus
feeding forward the carriage I will now describe.
A
The rack bar which I have referred to, has teeth upon its upper edge extending
its whole length, and teeth upon its lower edge extending its whole length, but in
an opposite direction. Upon a bracket fixed in the base of the machine, 1 provide
a lever 11 which has an upwardly projecting arm 12 carrying a pawl 13 pivoted
thereto, and engaging with the teeth on the upper edge of the rack. The long
arm 11 extends rearwardly, and is held normally up with the pawl 13 in engage-
ment with the rack by means of a spring 14 supported upon a post connected to
the base of the machine, and extends beneath a projection on the said arm 11.
stop 15 on the supporting bracket limits the upward movement of said arm.
arm 11 has a downwardly depending portion beneath its pivot, marked 16, to which
is pivoted a second pawl 17 under spring tension through a spring 18, fastened to
the bracket, and bearing against the end of said pawl so as to keep it constantly in
engagement with the under teeth of the rack bar, and thus prevent the free move-
ment of the paper carriage from right to left, this movement being only permitted on
the depression of the long arm 11 which as it carries the pawl 17 will, when it is so
depressed depress the pawl with it and thus disengage it from the teeth of the rack
bar.
The
I have provided means for moving the carriage step by step through the depression
of the plate A, carrying the type form, and also by means of an independent lever,
which provides for the proper spacing between words, the movement of the paper
carriage through the depression of the plate A providing for the spacing for
letters.
Upon a post 19, supported from the base plate, I arrange a slide 20 supported
loosely upon said post, and bearing directly npon the end of the arm 11, being held
in its highest position upward by said arm through its spring. In a bracket 21,
extending from the plate A, I arrange a pin 22, the end of which is in line with the
turned-over end of the slide 20 as shown in Figure 3, and in the depression of the
plate A, in the printing operation, the point of the pin 22 comes in contact with
the slide, depressing the same, which in turn, depresses the arın 11, lifts the pawl 13,
and causes it to engage with another tooth, and as the movement ceases, the
spring 14, which has been compressed, exerts itself and feeds the carriage forward
one step.
For operating the carriage forward, to form spaces between words, I provide a
slide 23, which is supported by pins 24 passing through slots in said slide, to the
post 19. This slide terminates in a finger plate arranged at right angles to the body
of the slide and adapted to be operated upon to effect the movement of the carriage.
A spring keeps this slide normally in a raised position. The lower end of the slide
bears upon a projection on the arm 11 of the operating lever and in the depression of
the slide, operates precisely in the manner of the slide 20, to depress the arm 11, and
thus feed forward the carriage. The carriage is fed forward as has been described by the

page_text: pawl and its operating lever, from right to left, and in order to allow it to be pushed
back from left to right to begin a new line, I provide the following means for lifting
the pawl 13 out of engagement with the teeth of the rack bar. Upon a post 26 I pivot
a lever 27 having at its forward end a slot 28, which is adapted to receive a pin 29
projecting from the pawl 13 in front of the pivot point of said pawl. A spring 30.
bears against a pin on the rear end of the lever 27 and tends to keep it normally in a
raised position with the front end depressed, thus offering no obstruction to the proper
and regular operation of the pawl 13. Loosely connected to the post 19 is a slide 31,
the lower end of which is in line with, and bears upon the rear end of the lever 27,
this slide being kept in a raised position normally by the tension exerted by the said
lever through its spring. By depressing the slide 31 either independent of the spacing
mechanism, or by forcing the finger plate of the spacing slide down so as also to
depress the slide 31, the forward end of the lever 27 is raised, which lifts the pawl 13
out of engagement with the teeth and allows the carriage to be moved back to its
extreme position on the rack.
In order to allow for greater or less movement of the paper carriage on the depres-
sion of the printing mechanism, in case one, two or more spaces are required between
letters, I provide a sleeve as a bearing for the pin 22, the said pin having a finger
piece on its upper end with a spring interposed between said finger piece and the
upper end of the sleeve. The sleeve has a vertical slot 32 on one side with two branch
slots extending at an angle therefrom, and in connection therewith, one inclining
upward and the other inclining downward. A projection on the spacing pin 22 is
adapted to engage with these slots and to regulate the position of the spacing pin.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. The combination with a pivoted printing frame carrying the type form and ink
supply, and operating means therefor, of a paper carriage having a rack bar and
means independent of said carriage for operating the same, consisting of a pawl for
engaging the rack, a pivoted lever carrying said pawl and having a long arm extending
to the rear, a spring for holding the long arm of the lever in a raised position, and a
slide for depressing the said lever, substantially as described.
2. The combination of a paper carriage having a rack, of a pivoted lever, a pawl.
carried thereby and engaging said rack, said lever having a long arm extending to.
the rear, a spring for holding the long arm of said lever in a raised position, a slide in
connection with the lever, a pivoted printing frame, and a spacer connected to said
frame and extending in line with the operating slide, substantially as described.
3. In combination with a carriage for the paper, a rack carried thereby, operating
means therefor, a slide in connection with the operating means, a pivoted plate carrying.
the type form and a spacing pin supported from said plate in line with the operating"
slide, the said pin being fitted to work under spring tension within a bearing having
series of slots therein, the pin engaging with said slots through a projection carried
thereby, whereby the said spacing pin may be adjusted in different positions to vary
the amount of feed, substantially as described.
al
4. In a type writer and in combination with a printing mechanism, a paper carriage,
a rack bar carried thereby having reversely set teeth on its upper and lower edges, a
pivoted lever 11, carrying a pivoted pawl 13 upon its upper end for operating the
carriage forward, and a second pawl 17 under spring tension pivoted to the lower end
of the operating lever and in engagement with the teeth on the lower edge of the
rack, with means for operating the lever 11, substantially as described.
5. In a type writer, a pivoted frame D carrying an inking pad, and a frame or plate
carrying a printing form pivoted to said frame at front and rear so as to have move-
ment independent thereof but always in a plane parallel therewith, substantially as
described.
6. In combination, a pivoted frame carrying an inking pad, a type frame or plate

page_text: pivoted thereto by link connections, whereby the said type frame or plate has independent
movement by reason of its link connection, the position of the plate being always
parallel to the inking pad, substantially as described.
7. In combination, a pivoted frame carrying an inking pad, a type frame or plate
pivoted thereto by link connections and interposed springs between said plate and its
pivoted frame, substantially as described.
8. In combination, a pivoted frame carrying an inking pad, a type plate carrying
printing mechanism, link connections between the frame and plate whereby the said
plate has independent movement, and a movable stud for limiting said movement,
substantially as described.
Dated this 4th day of November 1889.
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, Castle Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.