IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR HEATING AND WELDING THE EDGES OF THE PLATES USED IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CYLINDERS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John James Russell, of Wednesbury, in the County of
Stafford, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR
HEATING AND WELDING THE EDGES OF THE PLATES USED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CYLINDERS AND OTHER ARTICLES."
Sealed the 12th May 1859, and dated the 16th February. 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John James Russell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th February 1859.
I, JOHN JAMES RUSSELL, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
USED FOR HEATING AND WELDING THE EDGES OF THE PLATES USED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CYLINDERS AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery used for
heating and welding the edges of the plates used in the manufacture of
cylinders and other articles. For these purposes, in. order to heat and weld
the overlapping edges of plates, bent into a cylindrical form, or into a hollow
or tubular or other shape, machinery is arranged or combined in the following
manner :-A standard framing is used from which project two arms; the lower
arm at its outer end is arranged to receive a lower die or tool, the upper
surface of which is formed to a curve corresponding with a portion of the
interior of the cylinder, the joint of which is to be pressed and welded thereon,
or such lower die or tool is formed with a face of such other shape as to

page_text: correspond with the form of part of the article to be pressed thereon. The
upper arm is arranged to receive a tool or die, which on its under surface is
concave if for a cylinder or other form requiring a concavity of face, or of such
other shape as may be required. The upper tool is arranged to slide up and
down between suitable guides, and is actuated by a cam on a suitable axis,
on which there is a cog wheel, which is driven by a pinion, on the main axis
of the machine, which is put in motion by a steam engine or other power.
In order to adjust the extent of action of the upper die or tool there is a
wedge or other suitable formed instrument capable of being more or less
interposed by a screw and hand wheel between the excentric and the tool or
die. The cylinder or other article is placed on a suitable carriage, which runs
on two parallel rails, on which the carriage may be readily moved to and from
the upright or standard of the machine, and suitable apparatus is arranged
on the carriage. to facilitate the holding of the cylinder or other article thereon,
and for turning it to and from the fires and the dies or tools. When for
cylinders, four or more wheels or rollers are mounted, two or more on each
side of the carriage, and on uprights capable of being raised and lowered;
the axes of these rollers are parallel with the axis of the cylinder, hence when
a cylinder is placed thereon it may be readily revolved about its own axis of
motion, so as at one time to place its overlapping edges opposite and between
the two fires or heating apparatus used, one outside and the other inside the
cylinder. One of the fires is fixed in such a position that its mouthpiece or
outlet is opposite to the point at which the overlapping edges of the cylinder
are held, so that the flame projected out by the blast applied to the fire will
act upon and heat a portion of the length of the cylinder, and there is another
fire-place which enters within the cylinder, the mouthpiece or outlet of which
comes opposite the mouthpiece or opening of the other fire-place, and so that
the blast applied will drive the flame against a portion of the inner surface of
the cylinder; and when the overlapping edges are sufficiently heated, they
are turned upright and are brought between the two dies or tools, above men-
tioned, and placed between them. In place of fire-places being used, arrange-
ments may be made to use the flames of gas urged against the inside and
outside surfaces, or a fire may be used on one side and gas on the other. In
some cases, in place of using the dies or tools carried by two arms as above
mentioned, rollers are employed to press on and to weld the overlapping
edges in the following manner:-The cylinder supported on its under side. by
one or more pullies or hollow rollers carried by suitable axes, and a long fire
or row of gas flames is applied on the outside, and there is a like suitable
means of heating the interior of the cylinder. On one side of the cylinder is
.

page_text: a roller, the bearings of which are arranged to move to and fro by a screw or
other convenient means, and on the other side of the cylinder is another
similar roller, both exterior of the cylinder. Within the cylinder are a couple
of rollers of like size, and of such diameters that one presses on the interior of
the cylinder directly opposite one of the outer rellers, and the other inner
roller presses on the interior of the cylinder directly opposite the other outer
roller. The overlapping edges of the cylinder being heated, the parts or edges
to be welded are moved between and subjected to the pressure of an outside
and an inside roller, and thus is the joint welded.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John James Russell in the Great Seal Patent Office on.
the 16th August 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN JAMES.
RUSSELL, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John James Russell, Her special licence that I, the said John
James Russell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
1, the said John James Russell, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR HEATING AND WELDING THE EDGES
OF THE PLATES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CYLINDERS AND OTHER ARTICLES,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John James Russell, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,.
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the-
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within.
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John James Russell do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery used for heating.
and welding the edges of the plates used in the manufacture of cylinders and
other articles. For these purposes, in order to heat and weld the overlapping.
edges of plates bent into a cylindrical form, or into a hollow or tubular or
other shape, machinery is arranged or combined in the following manner :-A:
standard framing is used, from which project two arms, the lower arm at its
outer end is arranged to receive a lower die or tool, the upper surface of which.
is formed to a curve corresponding with a portion of the interior of the
cylinder the joint of which is to be pressed and welded thereon, or such lower
die or tool is formed with a face of such other shape as to correspond with the
form of part of the article to be pressed thereon. The upper arm is arranged
to receive a tool or die, which on its under surface is concave if for a
cylinder or other form requiring a concavity of face, or of such other shape as
may be required. The upper tool is arranged to slide up and down between
suitable guides, and is actuated by a cam on a suitable axis, on which there is
à cog wheel, which is driven by a pinion on the main axis of the machine, which
is put in motion by a steam engine or other power. In order to adjust the
extent of action of the upper die or tool there is a wedge or other suitable
formed instrument capable of being more or less interposed by a screw and
hand wheel between the excentric and the tool or die. The cylinder or other
ȧrticle is placed on a suitable carriage, which runs on two parallel rails, on
which the carriage may be readily moved to and from the upright or standard
of the machine, and suitable apparatus is arranged on the carriage to facilitate
the holding of the cylinder or other article thereon, and for turning it to and
from the fires and the dies or tools. When for cylinders, four or more wheels
or rollers are mounted, two or more on each side of the carriage and on
uprights capable of being raised and lowered; the axes of these rollers are
parallel with the axis of the cylinder, hence when a cylinder is placed thereon,
it may be readily revolved about its own axis of motion, so as at one time to
place its overlapping edges opposite and between the two fires or heating
apparatus used, one outside and the other inside the cylinder. One of the
fires is fixed in such a position that its mouthpiece or outlet is opposite to the
point at which the overlapping edges of the cylinder are held, so that the flame
projected out by the blast applied to the fire will act upon and heat a portion
of the length of the cylinder, and there is another fire-place which enters
within the cylinder, the mouthpiece or outlet of which comes opposite the
mouthpiece or opening of the other fire-place, and so that the blast applied.

page_text: will drive the flame against a portion of the inner surface of the cylinder, and
when the overlapping edges are sufficiently heated they are turned upright
and are brought between the two dies or tools above mentioned, and pressed
between them. In place of fire-places being used, arrangements may be made
to use the flames of gas urged against the inside and outside surfaces, or a fire
may be used on one side and gas on the other. In some cases, in place of
using the dies or tools carried by two arms as above mentioned, rollers are.
employed to press on and to weld the overlapping edges in the following:
manner: The cylinder supported on its under side by one or more pulleys.
or hollow rollers, carried by suitable axes, and a long fire or a row of gas
flames is applied on the outside, and there is a like suitable means of heating
the interior of the cylinder. On one side of the cylinder is a roller, the
bearings of which are arranged to move to and fro by a screw or other con-
venient means, and on the other side of the cylinder is another similar roller,
both exterior of the cylinder; within the cylinder are a couple of rollers of like
size and of such diameters that one presses on the interior of the cylinder.
directly opposite one of the outer rollers, and the other inner roller presses on
the interior of the cylinder directly opposite the other outer roller. The over-
lapping edges of the cylinder being heated, the parts or edges to be welded'
are moved between and subjected to the pressure of an outside and an inside.
roller, and thus is the joint welded.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shews a plan of the combined machinery and apparatus according
to my Invention; Figure 2 shews a side elevation; and Figure 3 an end-
elevation of the same. In each of these Figures the same letters are used to
indicate the same parts. B is the upper and B' the lower of two arms pro-
jecting from the framing or upright A, A, of the machine; C is the drum or
pulley on which the driving strap acts to give motion to the machine by a
steam engine or other power; D is the fly wheel on the axis of the drum C;
and E is a pinión on the same axis, which takes into and drives the cog
wheel F on the shaft or axis G, on the other end of which axis is fixed the
And in order that the
block J is used, within'
cam or eccentric H, which gives motion to the slide I.
slide may simply receive an up-and-down motion, a
which the eccentric turns, and which can slide to and fro within the slot at
the upper part of the slide; K is the tool holder; L is a front plate screwed'
to the guides of the slide, and by such means the slide and parts connected

page_text: therewith are kept correctly in position; M is a lifter fixed on the tool
holder K, extending upwards, and having a projection or lip which is made to
fit into the slot O' in the interposing wedge N; the wedge N is moved by a
screw P, by the aid of the hand wheel R, and by this means the tool holder K
is set correctly, according to.the length of stroke desired to be given to the
tool holder; S is the upper die, or tool; T is a cylinder, the edges of which are
to be welded ;. this cylinder is supported and moved on a carriage V, on which
are mounted wheels W, W, and the standards by which such wheels are
carried are capable of being fixed higher or lower according to the size of the
cylinder to be supported thereby. The carriage is moved on the railway X.
The lower die or tool S¹ is supported and carried by the arm B¹. The parts
of the cylinder which are to be welded are first heated by means of an external
and internal fire, the flame from each of which is urged by a blast against the
parts to be heated, and when sufficiently heated such parts are brought into
position between the dies or tools S, S¹, in order that the weld may be effected
to the extent the parts have been previously heated. Each of the fire-places
or furnaces consists of an iron case, having an internal lining a, a, of fire-brick,
with an opening, at which the fuel is introduced, and the furnace on the
interior of the cylinder has a tile or cover a² over such opening, which in this
case is at the upper part of the furnace; a² is the outlet from each furnace
for the flame, through which it is urged by the blast supplied by the blast
pipe a³, which is connected with the main air supply pipe b; and there is a
branch pipe a*, by which air is supplied to the ash-pit of the outer furnace,
which has fire-bars at the lower part, but the furnace on the inside of the
cylinder has a close bottom of fire-brick. The upper part of the blast pipe a³
of the furnace interior of the cylinder is arranged to turn in bearings a³, and
the pipe is bent into the form shewn, so that it may carry the furnace and
allow of the furnace being moved into and out of the position shewn in the
Drawing. Above the outer furnace there is a chimney with a damper therein,
and the blast pipes are provided with throttle or other suitable valves to
regulate the quantity of air to the furnaces. In place of using two furnaces,
one on the interior and the other exterior of the cylinder or other article to be
heated and welded, suitable gas heating apparatus may be used, or gas in
conjunction with a furnace may be employed. Figure 4 shews a plan, Figure 5
a side elevation, Figure 6 a transverse section, and Figure 7 an end elevation
of apparatus and mechanism for heating and welding tubes of large diameter,
arranged according to another part of my Invention. A is a long furnace,
constructed in a similar manner to that used in the other arrangement above
described, but in this furnace there are several jets of flames through separate

page_text: openings at the upper part of the furnace, and the interior of the tube about
to be welded is heated by jets of gas flame. The gas for this purpose is sup-
plied into the cylinder b, which is supported and supplied with gas at its outer
end in any convenient manner. On its inner end the cylinder is supported by
two rollers e, e, which act as the pressing rollers to the interior of the tube to
be welded. On the cylinder 6 are a number of jet burners c, c, c, through
which the gas and atmospheric air supplied under pressure by the pipe d pass
and are burned together; the flames being urged towards the lapping surfaces
of the interior of the tube by the pressure at which the air and gas are
supplied. Cocks or valves are used to regulate the supply of air and gas.
On the air supply pipe there are short jet pipes, conducting the streams of air
into the several burners, so that the air and gas may issue from the burners
together, as is well understood when burning air and gas in blow pipes. The
tube when properly heated is moved by means of a draw bench or otherwise,
between the outer rollers d and f and the inner rollers e, e; the bearings of
the axis of the roller d being moved by means of the screw and screw wheel g,
to obtain the requisite pressure. The tube is supported by a pulley or
pullies h.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to any
of the parts separately; but what I claim is,-
First, the combination of apparatus and mechanism described with reference
to Figures 1, 2, and 3, of the Drawings.
And, secondly, I claim the combination of apparatus and mechanism described
with reference to Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John James Russell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 12th day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.