IM- PROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC APPARATUS AND MACHINERY CONNECTED THERE- WITH
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sealey James Best and Williain Joseph Marshall, both of
Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey, Engineers, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC APPARATUS AND MACHINERY CONNECTED THERE-
WITH
"
Sealed the 24th December 1878, and dated the 27th Juue 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sealey James Best and
William Joseph Marshall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
27th June 1878.
SEALEY JAMES BEST and WILLIAM JOSEPH MARSHALL, both of Bermondsey, in
the County of Surrey, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC APPARATUS
AND MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH."
The improvements, according to the first part of our said Invention, relate to
what is well-known in connection with hydraulic apparatus as an "accumulator,"
which when constructed according to our said Invention we prefer to call a
differential accumulator; it consists of two cylinders fitted with rams, the pro-
portion of the difference between the diameters of the rams being dependent upon
the amount of pressure required to be obtained, and the rams of the two cylinders
of the said "differential accumulator" are connected together by rods, levers, or
other suitable means.
The smaller of the two said cylinders server as the actual or accumulator proper.
The resultant pressure is obtained by that exerted on the ram of the larger cylinder,
the source of the said pressure being that derived either from a pump or by the
employment of an independent or supplementary accumulator loaded to a lower
pressure.
In order to prevent the "differential accumulator" running down too rapidly
when cominunication is opened to a hydraulic pressing apparatus in connection
with the said "differential accumulator" or otherwise, we employ the following
means of governing or regulating, or suitable mechanical equivalent therefor, that

page_text: is to say, we place a valve between the ram of the larger cylinder and the pipo
cominunicating with the pump, or the independent or supplementary accumulator
herein-before named, so that when the ram of the larger cylinder is forced inwards
by the action of the smaller ram, the valve last-named is lifted and allows a vent
or free escape to the liquid contained within the said larger of the two cylinders of
the "differential accumulator," and when the pressure is reduced in the smaller of
the two cylinders the said valve closes, and the liquid employed is allowed access
into the cylinder of the larger ram through a small orifice in the said valve before-
named; or the orifice to allow of a vent, as just described, may be formed
between the valve and its seat, or the said orifice may be formed in the cylinder
itself.
The said "differential accumulator" as herein described may also be employed as
a cushion to prevent shocks, and to adjust or steady the pressure on the hydraulic
cylinders or pumps used in conjunction with the said "differential accumulator."
The second part of our said Invention relates to a novel and more efficient
arrangement of self-acting hydraulic press and revolving table than hitherto
employed.
In carrying out this portion of our said Invention we employ an ordinary
hydraulic press with, by preference, two columns to hold the press head. In front
of the press we fix an upright shaft upon which is secured the table carrying the
die boxes or dies, so that on the said table being caused to revolve the die boxes or
dies pass between the ram and the press head. To the upright shaft is also fixed a
bevil or spur wheel, into which a pinion is geared and so proportioned that a
certain nuinber of revolutions of the pinion will cause the table before described to
traverse an angle equal to the distance between two of the die boxes or dies. We
cause the pinion last named to revolve by means of a sector attached to, or it may
form part of, another wheel driven either directly or by means of intermediato
genring. On this last-named wheel we also fix a pin, eccentric, or cam, or other
suitable mechanical equivalent therefor, to work the valves for allowing of the
admission into or the discharge from the cylinder of the fluid employed in the
working of the apparatus.
The mechanism as last described (or suitable mechanical equivalents therefor)
used in connection with the revolving table referred to, we dispose (to facilitate tho
working of the presssng apparatus) below the said revolving table.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Sealey James Best and William Joseph Marshall in the Great
Scal Patent Office on the 27th December 1878.
SEALEY JAMES BEST and WILLIAM JOSEPH MARSHALL, both of Bermondsey, in
the County of Surrey, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC APPARATUS
"
AND MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH."
The improvements, according to the first part of our said Invention, relate to
what is well known in connection with hydraulic apparatus as an accumulator,"
which when constructed according to our Invention we prefer to call a "differential
accumulator;" it consists of two cylinders fitted with rams; the proportion of
difference between the diameters of the rams is dependent upon the amount of
pressure required to be obtained. The rains of the two cylinders of the said
"differential accumulator" are connected together by rods, levers, or other suitable
mechanical equivalents therefor.
The smaller of the two cylinders serves as the "accumulator propor," the
pressure being obtained by that exerted on the rain of the larger cylinder, the
source of the said pressure being that derived either from a pump, or by the
employment of an independent accumulator which may be loaded by weights to
a lower pressure.
In order to prevent the "differential accumulator" running down too rapidly
when communication is opened to a hydraulic pressing apparatus in connection
with the said "differential accumulator" or otherwise, we employ the following or
other suitable governing means as a substitute therefor, that is to say, we place a
valve between the ram of the larger cylinder and the pipe communicating with the
pump or the independent or supplementary accumulator herein-before named, so
that when the ram of the larger cylinder is forced inwards by the action of the
smaller rain the valve last nained is lifted and allows a vent or free escape to the
liquid contained within the larger of the said two cylinders, and when the pressure
is reduced in the smaller of the two cylinders the said valve closes, and the liquid
employed is allowed access into the cylinder of the larger ram through a small
orifico in the said valve before-named; or the orifice to allow of a vent as just
described may be formed between the valve and its seat, or it may be formed in the
cylinder itself.
The said "differential accumulator" as herein described may also be utilized as a
cushion to prevent shocks, and to adjust or steady the pressure on hydraulic
cylinders or pumps used in conjunction with the said "differential accumulator."
The second part of our said Invention relates to a novel and more efficient
arrangement of self-acting and revolving table than hitherto employed.
In carrying out this part of our said Invention we employ an ordinary hydraulic
press with, by preference, two columns to hold the press head. In front of the
press we place an upright shaft on which is fixed the table carrying the die boxes
or dies, so that on the table being caused to revolve the die boxes or dies pass
between the rain and the press head. To the upright shaft is also fixed a bevil
wheel or spur wheel into which a pinion is geared, so proportioned that a certain
number of revolutions of the pinion will cause the table to traverse an angle
equal to the distance between two of the die boxes or dies. We cause the pinion
to revolve by means of a sector fastened or cast to another wheel driven either
direct or by means of intermediate gearing. On this wheel we also fix a pin,
eccentric, or cam, or suitable mechanical equivalents therefor, to work the valves
and allow of the admission into or the discharge from the cylinder of the fluid
employed in the working of the apparatus; the said mechanism we dispose, for the
sake of convenience, so as to be out of the way, underneath the before-mentioned
revolving table.
In the accompanying Drawings illustrative of our said Invention, Figures 1 and 2
are respectively front and side elevational views of the apparatus according to our

page_text: said Invention; Figure 3 (Sheet 2) is a plan view of the press head and revolving
table carrying the die boxes (which may be of any convenient shape or pattern);
Figure 4 (Sheet 2) is a sectional view shewing the "differential accumulator " to an
enlarged scale.
Having now described and illustrated our said Invention, we wish it to be
understood that what we claim is, the arrangement of "differential accumulator"
herein described and shown, and the revolving table combined with a hydraulic
press as herein described and shown, the gearing being disposed underneath and
out of the way.
In witness whereof, we, the said Sealey James Best and William Joseph
Marshall, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-third day of
December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-