AN IMPROVEMENT IN ORDINARY LIFT AND FORCE PUMPS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Martin Benson, of No. 14, Hinde Street, Man-
chester Square, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention
of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ORDINARY LIFT AND FORCE PUMPS."
Sealed the 19th April 1865, and dated the 3rd January 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Martin Benson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd January 1865.
I, MARTIN BENSON, of No. 14, Hinde Street, Manchester Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ORDINARY LIFT AND FORCE PUMPS,"
to be as follows:-
The nature of my improvement consists in so constructing the pump that the
cylinder or barrel of it can be turned and secured to any point within the
range of its motion for bringing the discharge spout to any desired position;
also arranging the handle or lever for working the piston, so that it can be
moved around the circumference of the cylinder, secured and worked from
any point to suit the position of the pump. By thus making the two parts
movable as described, the pumps can be placed in the least possible cramped
space and any position, without having to be specially constructed for the

page_text: purpose. The lower and upper end of the cylinder of the pump is made
without flanges, in place of which they are furnished with dovetailed shaped
forms. A recessed flange or plate is used for attaching to the lower end of
the cylinder, for the double purpose of serving as a valve seat for the inlet
valve, and securing the pump to its place for working. The end of the
cylinder is placed into the recessed flange, and by means of one bolt and nut
the cylinder of the pump can be secured to the flange sufficiently tight to
make a joint between the end of the cylinder and flange. This joint is made
by letting a portion of the valve leather extend between the end of the
cylinder and surface of the flange. The nut of the bolt, which bolt passes up
through the recessed flange for holding the cylinder to the flange is made
conical, and presses against the side of the cylinder at an angle, and thereby
forces the end of the cylinder against the flange. Two or more projecting
lugs are cast around the recess in the flange, against which lugs the dove-
tailed sides at the end of the cylinder are forced by the angular or lateral
pressure of the conical nut. The lugs are so shaped that they direct the end
of the cylinder of the pump against the plate, when the pressure is applied
by screwing the conical nut, and thereby form an evenly tight joint between
the whole surface of the cylinder end and flange. By loosening the conical
nut, the cylinder can be placed or turned to any position for placing the dis-
charge spout where desired, and the cylinder valve and working parts can be
entirely removed by taking off the nut. The cover or flange for the top of
the pump is similarly constructed, and attached by means of one bolt and nut.
The lever is joined to the cover of the pump, and consequently can be turned
around and held to any point within the range of its motion. For the smaller
class of pumps one bolt and nut will be sufficient to hold the upper and
lower flanges to the cylinder, but for the larger class of pumps it will be
preferable to use two or more bolts and nuts.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Martin Benson in the Great Seal Patent Office. on the 3
13th May 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARTIN
BENSON, of No. 14, Hinde Street, Manchester Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 3
Patent, bearing date the Third day of January, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Martin Benson, Her special licence that I, the said
Martin Benson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Martin Benson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ORDINARY LIFT AND FORCE PUMPS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Martin Benson,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Martin Benson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
The nature of my improvement consists in so constructing the pump that
the cylinder or barrel of it can be turned and secured to any point within the
range of its motion, for bringing the discharge spout to any desired position;
also arranging the handle or lever for working the piston, so that it can be
moved around the circumference of the cylinder, secured and worked from
any point to suit the position of the pump. By thus making the two parts
moveable as described, the pumps can be placed in the least possible cramped
space, and any position, without having to be specially constructed for the
purpose. The lower and upper end of the cylinder of the pump is made
without flanges, in place of which they are furnished with dovetailed shaped
forms. A recessed flange or plate is used for attaching to the lower end of
the cylinder for the double purpose of serving as a valve seat for the inlet
valve, and securing the pump to its place for working. The end of the
cylinder is placed into the recessed flange, and by means of one bolt and nut
the cylinder of the pump can be secured to the flange sufficiently tight to
make a joint between the end of the cylinder and flange. This joint is made
by letting a portion of the valve leather extend between the end of the cylinder

page_text: nut.
and surface of the flange. The nut of the bolt, which bolt comes up through
the recessed flange, for holding the cylinder to the flange, is made conical, and
passes against the side of the cylinder at an angle, and thereby forces the end
of the cylinder against the flange. Two or more projecting lugs are cast
around the recess in the flange, against which lugs the dovetailed sides at the
end of the cylinder are forced by the angular or lateral pressure of the conical
The lugs are so shaped that they direct the end of the cylinder of the
pump against the plate when the pressure is applied by screwing the conical
nut, and thereby forms an evenly tight joint between the whole surface of the
cylinder end and flange. By loosening the conical nut the cylinder can be
placed or turned to any position for placing the discharge spout where desired,
and the cylinder valve and working parts can be entirely removed by taking
off the nut. The cover or flange for the top of the pump is similarly con-
structed and attached by means of one bolt and nut. The lever is joined to
the cover of the pump, and consequently can be turned around and held to
any point within the range of its motion; for the smaller class of pumps
one bolt and nut will be sufficient to hold the upper and lower flanges to the
cylinder, but for the larger class of pumps it will be preferable to use two or
more bolts and nuts.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a longitudinal sectional
elevation through the barrel of the pump, showing the improved method of
joining the lower end of the barrel to the foot flange, and means for attaching
the pump to a vertical board W; Fig. 2 is also a longitudinal sectional eleva-
tion showing the means of joining the cover or flange to the top of the barrel;
Figs. 3 and 4 are side elevations of the pump; Fig. 4 represents the pump
constructed for forcing water through hose for watering gardens, washing
windows, pavements, and for similar purposes; Fig. 5 is a plan or top view
of the foot flange to which the lower end of the barrel of the pump is
attached; Fig. 6 is an under side view of the cover of the pump to which
the lever for working the piston is attached; and Fig. 7 is a plan or top
view of the cover. Similar letters of reference are made to refer to the same
parts in the different Drawings.
A, A, is the barrel of the pump which is represented in Figs. 1 and 2 fur-
nished with a piston and valve (C) and piston rod B. The cover (D, D) is
provided with a stud or arm (A) for carrying the lever (E), which lever is
used for working the piston of the pump through the link (F), as represented
in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. The cover D, D, is made with a recess for fitting over
the top of the barrel of the pump, as represented in Figs. 1 and 2; the out-
side of the top end of the barrel is provided with a groove (T), which gives

page_text: it a dovetailed shape. The groove is used for retaining the bolt (S) for
holding the cover D to the barrel, as represented in Fig. 2. On the sides. of
the recess in the cover (D) there are lugs (0, 0), provided, as represented in
the plan, Fig. 6. These lugs are made in shape to fit the groove (T). When
the cover is placed on the barrel, and provided with the bolt (S), the nut of
the bolt on the top of the cover is then screwed down, which firmly joins the
cover to the barrel. The action of the bolt and nut, owing to the shape of
the bolt, as will be seen in Fig. 2, draws the cover to one side, as well as down,
on the end of the barrel, and by drawing the cover to one side the lugs. (0, 0)
on the inside of the recess not only prevents the cover from rising up on the
opposite side from the bolt (S), but directs it downwards. on the end of the
barrel of the pump, and thereby firmly joins all parts of the cover to the end
of the barrel. By loosening the nut of the bolt (S) the cover (D) can be
freely moved around on the barrel, and secured to any point desired within
the range of its motion. By this means the lever E, which is attached to the
cover of the pump through the stud or arm (A), as before stated, and employed
for working the piston, can be placed and worked from any side of the barrel
of the pump desired, without first specially constructing these parts of the
pump for the desired position of the lever. In turning the cover and lever
around the piston (c) and piston rod B moves with them. The lower end of
the barrel A, A, of the pump is attached to the foot flange (9, 9), similar to
the cover (D, D), so that the spout (R) may be brought out at any point
from the side of the pump wished. The difference between the construction
of the upper and lower end of the barrel is, in place of a groove (T), a
tapered ring or band (N) is cast on the lower end of the barrel to give it the
required dovetailed form or shape, for the conical nut on the bolt (P) and
lugs (0, 0), on the inside of the recess of foot flange g, g, to act on for drawing
and joining the barrel down on the foot flange; the construction of which is
fully shown in Fig, 1, and particularly represented in (Fig. 2).
pump is attached to the upright bard (W), as shown in Fig.
flange g, g, will be permanently attached to a bracket (H)
passing through the holes (i, i, i, i), as shown in Fig. 5.
holes holes will be made in the bracket H for the bolts. J is a flange piece
to which the suction pipe is attached, and made to serve as a valve scat for
valve (M) at foot of barrel, for ordinary purposes a leather clock valve is used,
as represented in Figs. 1 and 2. The same piece of leather forming the valve
will be used to make the joint between the valve seat and end of pump barrel;
this is done by making the leather large enough to extend out between the
barrel end and valve seat. The bolt (P) is placed through the foot flange
When the
1, the foot
by screw bolts
Corresponding

page_text: (g, g), before it is secured to its place; the lower end of the barrel of the
pump is then placed in the recess of the flange (9, 9), and by means of the
conical nut on the bolt (P) the barrel of the pump is firmly secured to the
foot flange, and by loosening the nut the barrel is left free to be turned
entirely around so that the spout may be placed at any point desired witbin
the range of its motion, as before stated. By providing the piston rod (B)
with a stuffing-box (V) when it passes through the cover (D, D), as shown
in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, the pump may be used as a forcing as well as a lifting
pump. Fig. 4 represents the spout (R) of the pump furnished with a screw
for attaching hose. In using it for a forcing pump the upper part of the
barrel will serve as an air chamber to cause a regular flow of water. Fig. 3.
shows the pump attached to a horizontal board (H), supposed to be over a
cistern or well. When the pump is used for forcing purposes an air joint
will have to be made between the cover and end of the barrel, but when the
pump is used for lifting water to discharge out of the spout (R) there will be
no necessity for the joint between the cover and barrel.
Having described the nature of my improvement, and how the same is
accomplished, I will now procede to claim what is considered new.
Firstly, I claim the construction and arrangement of parts as described,
'for and by which the barrel of the pump can be turned around on the foot
flange as before described, and secured at any point within the range of its
motion, for the purpose of bringing the discharge spout out from any side of
the pump, and for other advantages before named.
Secondly, I claim the construction and arrangement of parts as described
for and by which the cover of the pump can be turned around, and with it the
lever for working the piston as described, so that the cover can be fastened at
any point within the range of its motion, for the purpose of working the lever
from any side of the pump desired as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Martin Benson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.