IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Holland, of the Firm of Cox Brothers and
Holland, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE RUNNERS AND
TOP NOTCHES OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
Sealed the 12th July 1878; and dated the 31st January 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Holland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1878.
WILLIAM HOLLAND, of the Firm of Cox Brothers and Holland, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF THE RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
My Invention consists in manufacturing the runners and top notches of umbrellas
and parasols by the process or combination of processes herein-after described.
I will first describe my Invention as applied to the manufacture of a top notch
from a disc of metal.
I raise from a disc of sheet brass or other ductile sheet metal in the ordinary way
a cup or short tube closed at one end. In the closed end or bottom of the said cup
I form a central depression, the said central depression constituting, when its bottom
has been pierced or cut out, the tube of the top notch. From the part of the cup
above the tube described I make the notch in the following manner:-In the middle
of the cylindrical part of the cup I make by dies and pressure, or by spinning, an
annular groove or depression, thereby forming from the cup two flanges. The partly
made notch is afterwards subjected to the action of dies and pressure, whereby the
flange parts of the cup are flattened or compressed, and their edges rounded. By
this flattening or compressing operation the diameter of the flanges is increased, and
the depth of the annular groove between them correspondingly increased. There is
thus formed in one piece with the tube part of the notch two parallel flanges, sepa-
rated by a groove or depression, which groove or depression is of a size proper for
the joint wire of the notch to lie in. The top notch is completed by cutting across
the two flanges of the notch a series of equidistant radial cuts or notches in the
ordinary way.
.
In making runners according to my Invention I form the notch part of the runner
in the manner described with respect to a top notch, and I attach to the tube part

page_text: of the notch a runner tube, either by soldering or by closing a portion of the said
notch tube upon the runner tube, or the runner tube may be connected to the
notch tube in any other convenient manner.
Or I make the said runner and its notch in one piece in the following manner :-
I take a piece of metallic tubing of the proper size for the barrel or tube of the 5
runner, and by means of a plunger forced in one end of the tube I enlarge the dia-
meter of that end of the tube. From the enlarged end of the tube the notch is
made by the means herein-before described with respect to a top notch.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Holland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th July
1878.
WILLIAM HOLLAND, of the Firm of Cox Brothers and Holland, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF THE RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
My Invention consists in manufacturing the runners and top notches of umbrellas
and parasols by the process or combination of processes herein-after described.
I will first describe my Invention as applied to the manufacture of a top notch
from a disc of metal.
I raise from a disc of sheet brass or other ductile sheet metal in the ordinary way
a cup or short tube closed at one end. In the closed end or bottom of the said cup
I form a central depression, the said central depression constituting, when its bottom
has been pierced or cut out, the tube of the top notch. From the part of the cup
above the tube described I make the notch in the following manner-In the middle
of the cylindrical part of the cup I make by dies and pressure, or by spinning, an
annular groove, thereby forming from the cup two flanges. The partly made notch
is afterwards subjected to the action of dies and pressure, whereby the flange parts
of the cup are flattened or compressed, and their edges rounded. By this flattening
or compressing operation the breadth of the flanges is increased, and the depth of
the annular groove between them correspondingly increased. There is thus formed
in one piece with the tube part of the notch two parallel flanges, separated by a
groove or depression, which groove or depression is of a size proper for the joint
wire of the notch to lie in. The top notch is completed by cutting across the two
flanges of the notch a series of equidistant radial cuts or notches in the ordinary
way.
In making runners according to my Invention I form the notch part of the runner
in the manner described with respect to a top notch, and I attach to the tube part
of the notch a runner tube, either by soldering or by closing a portion of the said
notch tube upon the runner tube, or the runner tube may be connected to the
notch tube in any other convenient manner.
Or I make the said runner and its notch in one piece in the following manner :-
I take a piece of metallic tubing of the proper size for the barrel, or tube of the

page_text: runner, and by means of a plunger forced in one end of the tube I enlarge the dia-
meter of that end of the tube. From the enlarged end of the tube the notch is
made by the means herein-before described with respect to a top notch.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the
manner in which my Invention may be performed.
In making a top notch according to one of the arrangements of my Invention, I
take the cup or short tube closed at one end, represented in elevation, section, and
plan in Figure 1, the said cup being formed from a disc of sheet brass or other sheet
metal or alloy by the ordinary drawing-through process, and operate upon the
said cup, Figure 1, by a pair of dies or set of dies so as to form from the closed end
or bottom of the cup a central depression, as represented in elevation, section, and
plan of lower side in Figure 2, the central depression being marked a, and the part
of larger diameter above it being marked b. The central depression a, when its
bottom has been pierced out, forms the tube of the top notch, as herein-after
described, and from the part b of larger diameter the notch part is made; this is,
effected by taking the cup, Figure 2, and by the operation of a pair of dies, or by
spinning in a lathe, making in the middle of the part b a groove or depression,
thereby forming in the large part of the cup two corrugations or partly made flanges,
as illustrated in elevation, section, and plan in Figure 3, the corrugations being
marked c, c, the metal to form the groove or depression between the corrugations
being pressed in wards or towards the axis of the cup, as represented.
The partly made notch, Figure 3, is afterwards subjected to the action of dies
and pressure, whereby the metal between the two corrugations or partly made
flanges c, c, is further pressed inwards, and the flange part compressed, as illustrated
in elevation, section, and plan in Figure 4. By an examination of the said Figure 4
it will be seen that the groove between the two corrugations or partly made flanges
c, c, Figure 3, is by the operations last described further deepened, the thickness of
the flanges being at the same time reduced and their breadth increased. There is
thus formed in one piece with the tube part a of the top notch, two parallel
flanges separated by a groove or depression, in which the joint wire lies in the
finished top notch. After the two flanges have been thus produced, the closed
bottom of the tube part a is pierced out, and the radial cuts or notches are made
across the two flanges in the ordinary way.
Figure 5 represents in section, elevation, and plan a finished, top notch made by
the process or combination of processes described and illustrated..
Although I prefer to pierce out the bottom of the tube part a after the flanges c, c,
have been made from the upper enlarged part 6, Figure 2, yet the said bottom of
the tube part may be pierced out when the cup is at the stage represented in tho
said Figure 2.
Instead of making the tube part of the notch from a central depression made in
the closed end of a cup, and the flanges from the upper enlarged part of the cup, as
before described, the said tube part and the flanges may be made from a tube closed
at one end, having the diameter of the tube part of the notch to be made. This
modification of my Invention is represented in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 of the
Drawing, that is to say, I form from a disc of metal by the ordinary drawing-
through process a short tube closed at one end, as illustrated in Figure 6, and by a
spinning process or by the action of dies I form a groove or depression near the
middle of the tube, and compress the metal inwards near the open end or mouth of
the tube, thereby forming immediately above the open end of the tube two bulbous
parts, as illustrated in elevation in Figure 7 and section in Figure 8, the bulbous
parts formed being marked d, d, and the part of reduced diameter below the
bulbous parts being marked e. The part e constitutes in the finished notch the
tube of the top notch.
By a series of spinning or pressing operations the metal between the two bulbous
parts d, d, is pressed inwards so as to produce two flanges, and the said flanges are
flattened or compressed in the manner herein-before described with respect to
Figures 3 and 4.

page_text: After the partly made notch, Figures 7 and 8, has been thus operated upon, it
assumes the form represented in elevation in Figure 9 and section in Figure 10.
The notch is finished by making the cuts or notches across the flanges in the
ordinary way.
The bottom may be pierced out of the notch either before or after it has been
brought to the shape represented in Figures 9 and 10.
In making runners from top notches made in either of the ways described I attach
to the tube part a or è of the notch a runner tube, either by soldering or by closing
a portion of the said notch tube upon the runner tube, or the runner tube may be
connected to the notch tube in any other convenient manner.
"
Or the runners and their notches may be made solid or from one piece of tubing
in the manner illustrated in Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 of the Drawing.
In manufacturing runners according to this part of my Invention I take a piece
of tubing having the diameter of the runner tube, the metal at one end of the tube
being by preference thicker than at the other end. The thick end of the tube is
first operated upon by a plunger, so as to give a conical figure to it, as illustrated in
elevation and section in Figure 11. The coned end of the tube is further expanded
so as to produce an enlargement or head at one end, as illustrated in elevation and
section in Figure 12. From the enlarged end or head of the tube the notch is made
by first corrugating or pressing inwards portions of the said head, as illustrated in
elevation and section in Figure 13; and. by subsequent pressing or spinning and
compressing processes the two flanges of the notch are made from the corrugated
parts, as represented in elevation and section in Figure 14, the pressing inwards and
the compressing of the metal of the corrugated head of the tube, Figure 13, to form
the flanges being similar to the processes already described, whereby the flanges are
made from the short tube, Figure 8.
Figure 15 represents in elevation and plan a finished runner made from the flanged
tube, Figure 14.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my Invention of
improvements in the manufacture of the runners and top notches of umbrellas and
parasols,
-
First. The process or combination of processes herein-before described, and illus-
trated in Figures 1,2, 3, 4, and 5 of the accompanying Drawing, for the manufacture
of the runners and top notches of umbrellas and parasols.
Secondly. The process or combination of processes herein-before described, and
illustrated in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 of the accompanying Drawing, for the manu-
facture of the runners and top notches of umbrellas and parasols.
Thirdly. The process or combination of processes herein-before described, and
illustrated in Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 of the accompanying Drawing, for the
manufacture of the runners of umbrellas and parasols.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Holland, have hereunto set my hand
and seal; this Sixteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
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