SCREWING AND TURNING MACHINES " "IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Barrow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th November 1883.
JOSEPH BARROW of Leeds in the County of York
SCREWING AND TURNING MACHINES
"
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
In the specification of Letters Patent granted to me the 29th day of October 1872
No 3199 is described a construction of screwing machines wherein the positions'
of the die holders are adjusted simultaneously by means of a conical sleeve or
tube, or an inclined surface or surfaces arranged concentrically with the centres
carrying the metal to be operated upon so as to move the die holders with their
dies towards or from the axis of the work, and thereby to adjust their positions
simultaneously and accurately according to the diameter of the piece of metal to
be operated upon whether the dies be revolving or not.
My present invention has reference to screwing machines of this kind; and
particularly to the arrangement of the line of traverse of the die holders, and the
position of the dies with regard to the traverse' of the die holders.
As described in the specification of my former patent above referred to, each
dio is fixed' in its holder parallel to the line of motion of the holder in the chuck
or frame. The line of traverse of ench' dio-holder is radial to the axis of tho work,
and to obtain sufficient relief or clearance of the dies froin the' work, it is necessary
especially with large diameters for the purpose of cutting right hand screws' to
have the master tap much larger in diameter, and, for cutting left hand screws,
much sinaller in diameter than the work to be cut. Furthermore, this necessitates
right hand dies being cut when the die holder is not held so rigidly by the
envelope as it would bo if the difference of diameter were less, while in loft hand
dies the master tap cuts them in a rigid enough position, but when they are'
opened out to cut the work they assume a worse position of rigidity in the
die box.
Now, according to my present invention, the dies are fixed in the holders at
such angles with the lines of traverse of the holders that after being cut' with
the master tap the closing of the dios upon the work causes the cutting edge' to
become prominent, and the roar edge to recode, and thus to effect'sufficient' relief or
clearance with a small increase of the diameter of the master tap and this especially
in large diameters for the reasons described above:
!
=
For this purpose I construct the die holders moving in grooves or ways cut in the
mandrel parallel with a radial line as in the specification of my former patent,

page_text: but the slot or groove in the die holder for carrying the die is cut in it not
parallel to the line of the die holder but to another radial line forming as great a
difference of angle with it, in the rear of the direction of rotation when cutting
right hand threads, as the material of the die holder will admit. The greater this
difference of angle, and the less difference of diameter of master tap in relation
to the cutting diameter of the dies, will be required to secure a practical amount
of clearance. It must be understood that this description applies to a machine
specially arranged for cutting right hand threads with the dies cutting at the line
of centres, for if a machine were made to cut left hand threads at the line of centres,
the opposite conditions would be requisite, as for instance the master tap would
bo larger for left hand threads and the difference of angle of the die would be to
the rear of the angle of the die holdor in the line of rotation for cutting left hand
threads.
The above described disposition of the ways of the die-holders, and of the dies
in their holders with regard to the work to be cut, is applicable to screwing
machines whether the dies revolve and the work is fixed, or vice versa, and whether
the means employed for closing or opening the dies be such as described in the
specification of my former patent above referred to or not. Thus, for example, in
some cases instead of using a conical sleevo for closing the dies, as described in
my said specification, I employ a circular cam plato with volute or curved inclined
surfaces, in conjunction with my special arrangement of die holders and dies.
This arrangement of die holders and dies may also be applied to the end of a
revolving tool box or head for carrying turning tools, having the same centre of
rotation as the spindle of the lathe, for the purpose of screwing a thread upon
work previously turned on the lathe..
51-
L
In my before mentioned specification only one of the holding centres is
described as being movable. I now find it advisable to make both centres
adjustable
Another part of my present invention has reference to the application to this
class of screwing machinery of apparatus for the purpose of cutting taper screws
or turning or shaping the work to a taper form. I do this by obtaining a motion
from the guide screw of the machine' or from some other part revolving at the
required speed so as to actuate the opening and closing mechanism of the dies,
whilst the dies are, or the material to be acted upon is traversing longitudinally to
such 'an extent as shall produce the required amount of taper on the material to be
operated upon. This may be carried out in several ways.
"
According to one arrangement a counter-shaft driven by the "guide screw or
other moving part is provided with a worm gearing into a segmental worm wheel
which actuates a lever carrying a fork or pin that takes into the sleeve whereby
the dies are opened or closed.
According to another arrangement a supplementary screwed shaft mounted in
suitable bearings is driven by the guide screw or other moving part, and such
supplementary screwed shaft carries a nut so mounted that it cannot revolve but
can only move end wise. This nut carries a fork or finger which takes into a
groove formed in the die-actuating sleeve or mechanism and so opens or closes the
dies to the required extent as the taper screw or plane taper is being formed on
the material. Or the same result may be produced by actuating the opening and
closing mechanism of the dies by means of differential gear, the motion being
taken from the screwing head itself instead of from the guide screw as in the
preceding arrangements.
In machines according to my invention where the dies revolve and the work
moves longitudinally but does not rotate I in some cases provide a rotary cutter or
cutters for forming a groove or grooves in the work whilst it is being turned and
pushed through bushes in the mandrel of the machine.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Barrow in the Patent Office on the 3rd May 1884.
JOSEPH BARROW late of Leeds in the County of York, now of Johnstone, near
Glasgow, in the County of Renfrew IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREWING AND TURNING
MACHINES
In the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me the 20th day of October
1872, N° 3199 is described a construction of screwing machines wherein the
positions of the die holders are adjusted sinultaneously by means of a conical
sleeve or tube or an inclined surface or surfaces arranged concentrically with the
centres carrying the metal to be operated upon so as to move the die holders with
their dies towards or from the axis of the work and thereby to adjust their
positions simultaneously and accurately according to the diameter of the pieco of
inetal to be operated upon whether the dies be revolving or not.
•
a
My present invention has reference to screwing machines of this kind and
particularly to the arrangement of the line of traverse of the die holders and the
position of the dies with regard to the traverse of the die-holders.
.
In the arrangement described in the Specification of my former Patent above
referred to each die is fixed in its holder parallel to the line of motion-of tho
holder in the chuck or frame. The line of traverso of each die holder is radial to
the axis of the work and to obtain sufficient relief or clearance of the dies from the
work it is necessary especially with large diameters for the purpose of cutting
right hand screws to have the master tap much larger in dinmoter and for cutting
left hand screws much smaller in diameter than the work to be cut. Furthermoro
this necessitates right hand dies being cut when the die holder is not held so
rigidly by the envelope as it would be if the difference of diameter were less;
while in left hand dies the master tap cuts them in a rigid enough position, but
when they are opened out to cut the work they assume a worse position of rigidity
in the die box,
Now according to my present invention the dies are fixed in the holders at such
angles with the lines of traverse of the holders that after being cut with the master
tap the closing of the dies upon the work causes the cutting edge to become
prominent and the rear edge to recede and thus to effect sufficient relief or clearance
with a small increase of the diameter of the master tap; and this especially in
large diameters, for the reason described above.
For this purpose I construct and arrange the die holders to move in grooves or
ways cut in the mandrel parallel with a radial line as in the Specification of my
former Patent above referred to, but the slot or groove in the die holder for
carrying the die is according to my present invention cut in it not parallel to the
line of the die holder but parallel to another radial line forming as great a
difference of angle with it in the rear of the direction of rotation when cutting
right hand threads as the material of the die holder will admit. The greater this
difference of angle the less difference of diameter of master tap in relation to the
cutting diameter of the dies will be required to secure a practical amount of
clearance. It must be understood that this description applies to a machine
specially arranged for cutting right hand threads with the dies cutting at the line
of centres; if a machine were made to cut left hand threads at the line of centres
opposite conditions would obtain; as for instance the master tap would be larger
for left hand threads, and the difference of angle of the die would be to the rear of
the angle of the die holder in the line of rotation for cutting left hand threads.
The above described disposition of the ways of tho die holders and of the dies'in

page_text: their holders with regard to the work to be cut is applicable to screwing machines
whether the dies revolve and the work is fixed or vice versd, and whether the
means employed for closing or opening the dies be such as described in the
Specification of my former Patent above referred to or not.
Thus for example, in some cases instead of using a conical sleeve for closing the
dios as described in my said former Specification, I employ a circular cam plate
with volute or curved inclined surfaces, in conjunction with my special arrangement
of die holders and dies.
This arrangement of die holders and dies may also be applied to the end of a
revolving tool box or head for carrying turning tools having the same height
of centre of rotation as tho spindle of the lathe for the purpose of screwing a
thread upon work previously turned in the lathe.
In my before mentioned Specification only one of the holding centres is described
as being moveable. I now find it advisable to make both centres adjustable in
order to facilitate the fixing of work between such centres.
Another part of my present invention has reference to the application to this
class of screwing machinery of apparatus for the purpose of cutting taper screws
or turning or shaping the work to a taper form.
I do this by obtaining a motion from the guide screw of the machine, or from
some other part revolving at the required speed so as to actuate the opening and
closing mechanism of the dies whilst the dies are, or the material to be acted upon
is, traversing longitudinally to such an extent as shall produce the required amount
of taper on the material to be operated upon.
This may be carried out in several ways.
"
According to one arrangement a countershaft driven by the "guide screw or
other moving part is provided with a worm gearing into a segmental worm wheel
which actuates a lever carrying a fork or pin that takes into the sleeve whereby
the dies are opened or closed.
According to another arrangement a supplementary screwed shaft mounted in
suitable bearings is driven by the guide screw or other moving part and such
supplementary screwed shaft carries a nut so mounted that it cannot revolve but
can only move end wise. This nut carries a fork or finger which takes into a groove
formed in the die actuating sleeve or mechanism, and so opens or closes the dies to
the required extent as the taper screw or plane taper is being formed on the
material. In my provisional Specification I stated that the same result night be
produced by actuating the opening and closing mechanism of the dies by means of
differential genr, the motion being taken from the screwing head itself, instead of
from the guide screw as in the preceding arrangements; but I do not now consider
this arrangement so desirable as those above described.
In machines according to my invention where the dies revolve and the work
moves longitudinally but does not rotate I in some casos provide a rotary cutter or
cutters for forming a groove or grooves in the work whilst it is being turned and
pushed through bushes in the mandrel of the machine.
Referring now to the drawings Fig 1 sbews in end elevation a portion of the die
chuck with die holders and dies and Fig 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the
said chuck with its supporting hollow mandrel. Fig 3 is a plan or top view partly
in section of a portion of a screw cutting and turning machine according to my
Invention and constructed for producing tapor, screwed or turned work and Fig 4
is a plan or top view partly in section of a screw cutting and turning machine
shewing a modification of the means employed for producing taper screwed or
turned work. Fig 5 is a plan or top view of a screw cutting or turning machine
with mechanism for grooving turned work simultaneously with its being turned.
Fig 6 is a vertical section of a device for rendering the holding centre within the
hollow mandrel and die chuck adjustable. Fig 7 shews in end clevation part of a
lathe wherein a circular cam plate with volute or curved inclined surfaces is used in
conjunction with my special arrangement of die holders and dies which is here
shown as applied for screwing purposes to the end of a revolving tool box or head

page_text: that carries turning tools having the same height of centre of rotation as the
spindle of the lathe.
The tool is supposed in this view to be at work turning a rod to be afterwards
screwed.
Fig 8 is a view at right angles to Fig 7.
Fig. 9 is a plan partly in section in which the screwing apparatus is represented
in position to engage with a rod previously turned.
Fig 10 shews at right angles to Fig 9 the arrangement for expanding and
contracting the die holders with their dies.
Figs 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 as will be seen are to larger scales than Figs 3, 4
and 5
That part of my invention relating to the arrangement of the die-holders and
dies is illustrated in Figs 1 and 2. a is the enlarged chuck formed at one end of
the hollow mandrel a¹. 1, 2, & 3 are die holders fitted to and capable of moving
in grooves or ways formed in the face of the chuck and c, c', c³ are the dies fitted
into slots or grooves formed in the said die holders. It will be seen that while
two sides of each of the die-holders are parallel to a radial line of the chuck-face,
two sides of each of the dies are parallel to another radial line forming as great a
difference of angle with the former one in the rear direction of rotation when
cutting right hand threads as the material of the die-holder will admit, for the
objects above stated. The die c in the die-holder 1. is shown set back about 1/, of
an inch and the master tap represented to be in contact with it by the curved
lines o. p. The dies c¹, c³ in the die holders 2 and 3 are shown contracted or
moved inward towards the centre of the chuck face as would be the case when
about to operate on work placed between the centres of the machine a clearance of
the rear portion of the dios being clearly shown at o¹, p', o¹, p¹. The dies c. c¹. c³
may be held in position by means of serrated clamps q, and set screws T. as
described in my said former specification or in any other suitable manner.
Referring now to Sheet 2 of the drawings, wherein I have, as already stated
shewn the application of my special arrangement of die holders and dies in
conjunction with a circular cam plate as applied to a lathe. a is a rest with a
revolver tool holder b. carrying four tools more or less. ċ is a screwing tool box
attached to b. d is a cam plate; e. e are the die holders with their contained
dies at an angle as described and kept up to the cam by spiral springs of which
one is shewn at f, in Fig 9. g is a slide which keeps the slide rest and screw in
position for turning. When this slide g, is withdrawn the whole die box is free to
be slidden forwards into the position represented in Fig 9. for screw cutting.
In Figs 4 & G I shew the manner in which the holding centre of the machine
carried by the rod that passes through the hollow mandrel is made adjustable
instead of being fixed as in the arrangement described in the Specification of my
said former Patent. f. is the cross bar or stay provided at its central part with a
hole fitted with a sleeve or bush f. g is a hardened bush provided with a
conical hole set up by the set screw h, against the centre i forming one end of the
distance rod, which passes through the hollow mandrel of the machine and
carries at its other end one of the holding centres. The hardened bush g, may be
prevented from rotating by causing one or more projections or pins fixed in the
sleeve or bush f to work in one or more grooves formed in the exterior surface
of the said bush g. is a spring encircling a portion of the centre i within the
sleeve or bush against which or a washer therein one end of the said spring
rests while its other end works against a collar on or an enlarged portion of the
centre i. thus keeping the said centre i and the rod k, in contact with the hardened
bush g, whereby they immediately respond to any adjustment desired by turning
the set screw h. The sleeve or bush f* is held in position by a set screw m.
which when sufficiently loosened allows the cross stay to be slidden along the bed
and the tension rods till it fits the distance rod k, close to the bush for the
purpose of sliding the work after it has passed out of the mandrel.

page_text: One of my above described arrangements for producing taper screwed or turned
work is shewn in Fig 3 wherein n is a segment of a worm wheel driven by the
worin on the shaft p which receives its motion froin the guide screw q. of the
machine by means of the pinion on the latter gearing with the pinion s on the
worm shaft p.
.
i
"
: The segment of the worm wheel n is attached to and actuates the lever t. which
is connected to the sleeve for actuating the opening and closing mechanism. of the
dies which mechanism is that of the conical sleeve or tube arrangement shewn and
described in my said former specification..
The shaft p is carried by an eccentric sleeve or bush p' provided with
handle p and the whole is supported in bearings p³ p³.
By operating the handle p² the worm o may be thrown in or out of gear with
the segment of the worm wheel n as may be required. It will be thus readily seen
(supposing the machine is at work) that as the segment n is operated by the worm o
the dies will be caused to approach or recede from the axis of work passing
longitudinally through the machine in a uniform manner whereby taper screwed or
turned work according to the kind of cutting tools employed will be readily
produced. By changing the segment n, and worm o or the pinions 8 for others,
taper work of any desired inclinations may be produced. In the arrangement for
producing taper work shown in Fig 4 p is a supplementary screwed shaft mounted
in suitable bearings on the machine and driven by the guide screw 9 by means of
the pinion on the latter gearing into the pinion s on the said shaft p. m³ is a nut
pivotted on a pin n³ so as to be capable of sliding thereon and provided with an
extending fork or finger to which takes into a groove u on the sliding conical sleeve
or tube or other part of mechanism employed for opening and closing the dies.
The nut n is provided with a handle n* for throwing the nut in or out of gear
with the screwed portion of the shaft p. It will be seen that when the shaft p is
rotated the nut n which partially embraces it is caused to travel along the screwed
portion of said shaft thereby operating the opening and closing mochanism of
the dies in a uniform manner as the material is being operated upon by the tools
thus producing taper screw or other work as before described. By using pinions 18
of different diameters taper work of different inclinations may be produced. It
will be evident that by using a screw the reverse of that shewn or by using an
intermediate pinion between the pinions and a tho dies may be caused to moved
inward' instead of outward as the work progresses
8
In Fig 5 I shew an arrangement of mechanism for grooving work such for
example as a shaft while it is moving longitudinally through the hollow mandrel
of the machine and is being turned but is not itself rotating. v is a frame secured
to the bed of the machine. This frame carries a driving screw or worm v² operated
by the bevel wheel on an auxilliary driving shaft v gearing with the bevel wheel
on the said driving screw or worm. are fast and loose pulleys on the shaft v³.
The driving screw or worm v¹ gears into two worm wheels w w keyed on spindles
carrying milling or rotary cutters w¹ w' which are adjustably arranged with relation
to each other in any convenient manner in order that they may be employed to
operate upon work of different diameters. are two adjustable stays for supporting
and keeping the shaft or other work in position it being further stayed or supported
by sliding through bushes of corresponding size placed in the hollow mandrel of
the machine.
It will be readily seen that upon causing the driving screw or worm v¹ to revolve
the milling cutters w w¹ will also revolve and form or cut two grooves or key ways
in the shaft or work whilst it is being turned by tools in the revolving die or tool
chuck the shaft or work as above stated not revolving itself but only moving.
longitudinally through the hollow mandrel of the machine.
The form of groove
cut may be varied by using suitably shaped tools.
Having described the nature of my said invention and explained the manner
of carrying it into practical effect I hereby declare that what I claim is
In screwing and turning machines of the kind hereinabove referred to.—

page_text: Arranging the dies or cutting tools at an angle with the die holders that carry
them substantially in the manner herein above described for the purpose
set forth.
Making the holding centre carried by the rod k that passes through the hollow
mandrel of the machine adjustable substantially as herein above described
and represented in Figs 4 and 6.
3. The arrangement substantially as described with reference to Fig 3 of the
drawings for causing the operating dies or tools to gradually move nearer
to or recede from the axis of material under treatment so as to produce taper
work as above set forth
The arrangement substantially as described with referenco to Fig 4 of the
drawings for causing the operating dies or tools to gradually move nearer to
or recede from the axis of material under treatment so as to produce taper
work as above set forth.
The application and use of milling cutters in conjunction with turning dies
or tools so as to produce grooves or key-ways whilst the work is being
turned substantially as described with referenco to Fig 5 of the drawings
3. The use in combination with a revolving tool box carrying turning tools of
screwing dies arranged to rotate therewith substantially as described.
In Witness whoreof I the said Joseph Barrow have hereunto set my hand
seal this second day of May in the year of Our Lord One thousand eight
dred and eighty four.
TOONDE DIDDAW
JOSEPH BARROW. (E)