Improvements in Lamps for Burning Hydrocarbon or Petroleum Oils.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Dec., 1886.
Complete Left, 5th Aug., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 6th Sept.. 1887.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamps for Burning Hydrocarbon or
Petroleum Oils.
I, NICHOLAS POUCHKAREFF of Ligovka, house No. 65, lodging No. 2, St. Peters-
burg, Russia, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows
My invention relates to improved constructions of oil lamps which I will proceed
to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 shews a
section on line X X Fig. 2, Fig. 2 shews a side view, Fig. 3 shews a section on
line Y Y Fig. 4, and Fig. 4 shews a plan.
In the orifice of the reservoir A is screwed the flat tube B containing the wick;
for this purpose this tube is provided with a cylindrical base Cas usual. To the base (
are soldered two stays D D, which at their upper ends are provided with lugs or
ears E E, wherein are placed the feet of a peculiarly constructed metallic case F,
representing the main feature on which depends obtaining a bright, completely
oxidised and steady flame. This case surrounds completely the top end of the
tube B which passes through the bottom of the case, this being provided a hole
sufficiently large to prevent the tube B from touching the bottom, as shewn in Figs. 1
and 3.
The full or non-perforated sides ff of the case F are directed inwardly at their
upper parts (Fig. 3), and above them the top parts of the long sides of the case F in
shape of lips are bent inwardly. These long sides are provided with holes for
the admission of air, as shewn in Figs. 2 and 3. This construction by which the
admission of air is effected only by the two long sides of the case, whilst the two other
sides are closed, forms an essential condition for the required action of the lamp,
in as much as the air, arriving by the two long sides, compresses, so to say, the flame
lengthwise, and with the aid of the lips of suitable shape it imparts to the flame
a regular shape, resembling that of common fish tail or batswing gas burners. If the
air were allowed also to pass in by the other sides, it would, by exerting pressure in
transverse direction, compel the flaine to issue irregularly through the space between
the lips f Complete combustion of the flame is also facilitated by the elevated
position of the case F above the reservoir A, which secures a free passage to the air
entering through the opening left between the bottom of the case and the tube B,
the air being at the same time heated in its contact with the hot sides of the case F.

page_text: The improved lamp is provided with a contrivance for instantly extinguishing the
flame in case of the lamp falling or being upset. For this purpose the tube B is
surrounded by the tube.G sliding on the same. Between the lower end of this tube
and the base of the interior tube B is placed a spiral springy which tends to raise
the tube G to the position shewn in Fig. 2, in which position its upper end is raised
considerably higher than the top of the tube B, and thus immediately extinguishes
the flame. In its normal position the top end of the tube G stands a little lower than
the end of the tube B. as shewn in Figs. 1 and 3,-and-thus does not hinder burning
at the end of the wick. In this position the tube G is held by the hook (Fig. 1)
to which is fastened, by means of a chain or otherwise, a weight i, supported by a
wire loop fixed to the base of the tube B. When the lamp falls down or is upset
the weight falls from the loop or support j (Figs. 2 and 4) and by means of the
chain draws the hook away from the tube G, which is then pushed up by the spring g
and extinguishes the lamp.
The form, dimensions and details of construction of the different parts of the
proposed lamp may obviously be varied without changing the nature of the invention.
It is to be observed that the dimensions of the flame depend not on the breadth of
the wick but on the dimensions of the case F; likewise the shape of the flame depends
on the shape of the lips ff, and by suitably altering the shape of these lips, one can
obtain, for instance, a flame having the shape of a circular disc.
The lateral sides of the case can be made movable in vertical direction if
desirous, to regulate the shape of the flame.
The wick is raised and lowered as usual by means of a common key k (Figs. 2
and 4). The reservoir A can be provided with a handle for carrying the lamp or
suspending it on the wall; the reservoir can be of any desired shape and may be
made to fit into an ornamental stand.
For obtaining a cylindrical flame by a flat wick the construction of the burner can
be altered as shewn in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 of which Fig. 5 represents a vertical section
and Fig. 6 a plan of the lamp; Fig. 7 is a vertical section of the upper part of the
burner with a double cap.
m m.
As the drawing shows, the flat tube B containing the wick is in this instance
surrounded by a cylindrical tube N, on whose upper open end is placed the cylindrical
cap M having on top a round orifice, the diameter of which is nearly the same as the
breadth of the flat tube B or a little larger. The cap M is provided with a row of
lateral apertures OO and the tube N is provided at its lower part with openings
Outside, the tube N can be surrounded by a porcelain tube P, whose top end reaches
as far as the upper end of the cap M, whereby the lamp receives the appearance of a
stearine candle. By such a construction of the burner a cylindrical smokeless flame
is obtained, in every respect resembling that of an ordinary candle.
The brightness and whiteness of the Hame are increased by placing above the cap M
another cap M likewise provided with lateral apertures, as shewn in Fig. 7.
The above described improved constructions of lamps offer the following advantages:
The lamps burn with a completely oxidised smokeless flame like that of a gas
burner, without the use of glasses or artificial draught; the flame can be reduced to
an exceedingly small size without smoke or smell; it is extraordinarily steady and is
not extinguished by wind; there is no danger from fire through upsetting of the
lamp; it can be used with or without a glass globe or shade, or it can be placed in a
lantern without affecting the flame; the wick does not carbonise and requires no
careful preparation; the lamp consumes considerably less petroleum than ordinary
lamps with glasses, and the burner always remains clean and is not liable to get out
of order.
13_1 dat D
100%
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, NICHOLAS POUCHкAREFF, of Ligovka, house No. 65, lodging No. 2, St. Peters-
burg Russia, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improved constructions of oil lamps which I will proceed to
describe with reference to the drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification.
Fig. 1 is a section on line X X of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a side view, Fig. 3 is a section
on line Y Y Fig. 4; and Fig. 4 is a plan.
In the orifice of the reservoir A is screwed the flat tube B,containing the wick, for
this purpose this tube is provided with a cylindrical base C as usual.
To the base C are soldered two stays DD which at their upper ends are provided
with lugs or cars EE wherein are placed the feet of a peculiarly constructed metallic
case F, representing the main feature on which depends obtaining a bright, completely
oxidised and steady flame. This case surrounds completely the top end of the tube B
which passes through the bottom of the case, this being provided with a hole suffi-
ciently large to prevent the tube B from touching the bottom, as shewn in
Figs. 1 and 3.
The full or non perforated sides ff of the case F are directed inwardly at their
upper parts (Fig. 3) and above them the top parts of the long sides of the case F in
shape of lips are bent inwardly. These long sides are provided with holes for
the admission of air, as shewn in Figs. 2 and 3.
This construction by which the admission of air is affected only by the two long
sides of the case, whilst the two other sides ff are closed forms an essential condition
for the required action of the lamp, in as much as the air, arriving by the two long
sides, compresses, so as to say, the flame lengthwise, and with the aid of the lips f
of suitable shape it imparts to the flame a regular shape resembling that of common
fish tail or batswing gas burners. If the air were allowed also to pass in by the
other sides, it would, by exerting pressure in transverse direction, compel the flame
to issue irregularly through the space between the lips f¹ƒ³.

page_text: Complete Combustion of the flame is also facilitated by the elevated position of the
case F above the reservoir A, which secures a free passage to the air entering through
the opening left between the bottom of the case and the tube B, the air being at the
same time heated in its contact with the hot sides of the case F.
The improved lamp is provided with a contrivance for instantly extinguishing the
flame in case of the lamp falling or being upset. For this purpose the tube B is
surrounded by the tube G sliding on the same..
Between the lower end of this tube and the base of the interior tube B is placed a
spiral spring g which tends to raise the tube G to the position shewn in Fig. 2 in
which position its upper end is raised considerably higher than the top of the tube B
and this immediately extinguishes the flame. In its normal position the top end of
the tube G stands a little lower than the end of the tube B as shewn in Figs. 1 and 3
and thus does not hinder burning at the end of the wick. In this position the tube G
is held by the hook h (Fig. 1) to which is fastened by means of a chain or otherwise,
a weight i, supported by a wire loop j fixed to the base of the tube B. When the
lamps falls down or is upset the weight i falls from the loop or support j (Figs. 2 and 4)
and by means of the chain, draws the hook h away from the tube G which is then
pushed up by the spring g and extinguishes the lamp.
The form, dimensions, and details of construction of the different parts of the
proposed lamp may obviously be varied without changing the nature of the invention.
It is to be observed that the dimensions of the flame depend not on the breadth of
the wick but on the dimensions of the case F, likewise the shape of the flame depends
on the shape of the lips ff and by suitably altering the shape of these lips, one can
obtain, for instance, a flame having the shape of a circular disc.
The lateral sides ff of the case can be made movable in vertical direction if desirous
to regulate the shape of the flame.
The wick is raised and lowered as usual by means of a common key k (Figs. 2
and 4). The reservoir A can be provided with a handle for carrying the lamp or
suspending it on the wall; the reservoir can be of any desired shape and may be made
to fit into an ornamental stand.
For obtaining a cylindrical flame by a flat wick the construction of the burner can
be altered as shewn, in Figs. 5, 6, and 7; Fig. 5 represents a vertical section and
Fig. 6 a plan of the lamp; Fig. 7 is a vertical section of the upper part of the burner
with a double cap.
As the drawing shews the flat tube B containing the wick is in this instance
surrounded by a cylindrical tube N, on whose upper open end is placed the cylindrical
cap M having on its top a round orifice, the diameter of which is nearly the same as
the breadth of the flat tube B or a little larger. The cap M is provided with a row
of lateral apertures 00 and the tubo N is provided at its lower part with
openings m m. Outside, the tube N can be surrounded by a porcelain tube P whose
top end reaches as far as the upper end of the cap M whereby the lamp receives
the appearance of a stearine candle. By such a construction of the burner a
cylindrical smokeless flame is obtained, in every respect resembling that of an
ordinary candle.
The brightness and whiteness of the flame are increased by placing above the
cap M another cap M¹ likewise provided with lateral apertures as shewn in Fig. 7.
The above described improved constructions of lamps offer the following advantages:
The lamps burn with a completely oxidised smokeless flame like that of a gas burner
without the use of glasses or artificial draught; the flame can be reduced to an
exceedingly small size without smoke or smell, it is extraordinarily steady and is not
extinguished by wind there is no danger from fire through upsetting of the lamp, it
can be used with or without a glass globe or shade, or it can be placed in a lantern,
without affecting the flame; the wick does not carbonise and requires no careful
preparation; the lamp consumes considerably less petroleum than ordinary lamps
with glasses, and the burner always remains clean and is not liable to get out of
order,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention,
and in what manner the saine is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The construction and use of a petroleum lamp wherein the upper part of the
wick tube B passes with free space round it, through the bottom of a case F, which
is closed all round except that its long sides have air holes, and which has at its top
inwardly bent lips substantially as herein described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3
and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
2. The modified construction of lamp wherein the flat wick tube B is surrounded
by a cylindrical tube N having air holes m and one or more caps M, M' with circular
mouths and a row of lateral apertures o o, substantially as described with reference to
Figs. 5, 6, and 7.
3. In combination with a lamp of the kind first above referred to the apparatus for
automatic extinction, herein described and shewn.