IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Barnard and John Bishop, of the City
of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, Ironmongers and Copartners,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING VEGETABLE
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 5th April 1855, and dated the 10th February 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Barnard and
John Bishop at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th February 1855.
We, CHARLES BARNARD and JOHN BISHOP, of the City of Norwich, in the
County of Norfolk, Ironmongers and Copartners, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING VEGETABLE
SUBSTANCES" consists in forming upon the face of a flat or conical iron disc or
cylinder, by casting a number of projections or teeth of a hooked form, either
with or without clearance holes in front thereof, aud at suitable intervals we
introduce short knives or cutters, standing out from the face of the disc at
right angles thereto, and with their cutting edges inclined outward from the
centre of the disc. This disc we mount vertically on a central horizontal
spindle, its toothed face being turned inwards to a hopper, the sides of which

page_text: are inclined, so as to give the vegetable substances a continual pressure towards
the cutters. Manual or other power may be communicated through toothed
gearing to the spindle, according to the size of the machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Barnard and John Bishop in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 9th August 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
BARNARD and JOHN BISHOP, of the City of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk,
Ironmongers and Copartners, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
Oue thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Charles Barnard and John Bishop, Her special licence that we, the
said Charles Barnard and John Bishop, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles Barnard and John Bishop,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Charles Barnard and John Bishop, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Barnard and John Bishop, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in forming upon the face of a flat or conical iron
disc or cylinder, by casting a number of projections or teeth of a hooked form,

page_text: Figure 1, Sheet 1,
cutung vegetable
substances, constructed agreeably to our Invention; Figure 2 is an end section
of the same; Figure 3 is a plan view of the interior of the hopper and the
feed wheel; and Figure 4, an edge view of a portion of the disc, showing the
hooked form of the cast-iron teeth, and the clearance holes in front thereof.
The same letters refer to corresponding parts in each of these Figures. A, A,
is the frame or stand of the apparatus; B is a fly wheel, furnished with a
handle C, for the application of manual power (or with a pulley to be driven
by steam or horse power). Upon the axle of the fly wheel B there is a pinion
d, gearing into and driving a spur wheel e on the shaft or axle of the circular
toothed disc F. Upon the same shaft there is also a bevil wheel g, driving a
second bevil wheel h, the axle of which, being carried through the inclined
back of the hopper, is equipped with a pinion i, Figure 3, which gears into
teeth formed around the edge of a feeding wheel K, on the surface of which
there are radial projections or ribs k, k. The toothed disc F is formed of four
or other convenient number of cast-iron plates, which are bolted to a circular
frame or wheel f, f. In addition to the cast-iron hook-formed teeth, we have
sometimes introduced short knives or cutters, standing out from the face of the
disc at right angles thereto, and with their cutting edges inclined outward
from the centre of the disc, but we do not attach much importance thereto.
The turnips or other vegetable substances to be cut being placed in the
hopper L, the handle C is turned round, which causes the toothed disc F to
revolve, and cut or rasp off small portions of the vegetable substances, which
fall into a receiver placed beneath the apparatus. One portion of the cuttings
falls from the front or face of the disc; another portion passes through the

page_text: clearance holes of the disc plate in front of the teeth, and escapes at the back
of the disc, both portions being received upon an inclined board, and guided
into the receptacle beneath. In order to keep the teeth or cutters clear, and
prevent their becoming clogged, a comb, as heretofore used in other machines
for this purpose, is placed at the bottom of the hopper, between the teeth of
which the hook-formed cutters pass. At the same time that the disc Fis
rasping or cutting off portions of the vegetable substances, the inclined form
of the hopper causes them continually to press against the face of the disc,
which operation is further aided by the slowly revolving feed wheel K,
until the whole contents of the hopper are reduced to the required fragments.
Figure 5, Sheet 2, is a front elevation, Figure 6 a back elevation, and
Figure 7 a plan view, of an apparatus for cutting vegetable substances, con-
structed agreeably to our Invention, but in which the cast-iron hook-formed
teeth are arranged round a cylinder, the said cylinder being formed of four or
other convenient number of segmental plates, mounted upon a suitable cylin-
drical frame. A', A', is the framing of the apparatus; B', the fly wheel; C¹,
the handle; d' is a pinion upon the fly wheel shaft, gearing into a spur wheel e¹
on the axle of the cutting or rasping cylinder M; K¹ is a feed wheel at the
end of the hopper I, to which motion is given by inclined ribs or projections
n, n, on one side of the cylinder M. These projections n form a worm, and
successively engage into teeth formed on the edge of the feed wheel K', in the
manner of an endless screw, causing the feed wheel K¹ to rotate slowly upon
its axis, and continually urge the vegetable substances to be cut into close
contact with the rasps or cutters arranged round the surface of the cylinder
M, the form of the teeth being the same as herein-before described and shown
in Figure 4, Sheet 1.
Figure 8, Sheet 3, is a sectional clevation of an apparatus for cutting vege-
table substances, constructed agreeably to our Invention, but in which the
cast-iron hook-formed teeth are mounted upon a cone. A3, A3, is the framing
of the apparatus; B³, the fly wheel; C³, the handle for giving motion to the
cone and cutters by means of the bevil wheels d², 6; 0, 0, is a metal case or
hopper for containing the vegetable substances to be cut, and within which is
placed a vertical spindle, carrying a cone P, composed of suitably formed cast-
iron plates, having on their surfaces hook-formed teeth and clearance holes,
similar to those shown at Figure 4, Sheet 1; Q, Q, are two iron plates, of a
curved form, which prevent the turnips or other vegetable substances from
being carried round in the hopper, and also guide them into close contact with
the rasps or cutters on the surface of the cone P, as is more clearly shown in

page_text: the plan view, Figure 9. Figure 10 is a vertical section through the cone,
showing the framing r, s, to which the cast-iron cutter plates are affixed, as
also the clearance holes in front of the teeth or cutters. Figure 11 is a plan
view of the base of the cone frame s..
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we would have it understood that what we claim is,―
Firstly, the construction of apparatus for cutting vegetable substances, by
casting hook-formed teeth, rasps, or cutters (either with or without clearance
holes) upon flat, cylindrical, or conical surfaces of iron.
Secondly, the construction of apparatus for cutting vegetable substances,
consisting of a cast-iron disc with hook-formed teeth in combination with a
revolving feed wheel, as herein-before described, and shown in Sheet 1 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly, the construction of apparatus for cutting vegetable substances,
consisting of a cast-iron cylinder with hook-formed teeth in combination with
a feed wheel, constructed and propelled as herein-before described, and shown
in Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly, the construction of apparatus for cutting vegetable substances,
consisting of a cast-iron cone with hook-formed teeth in combination with
the guide plates, as herein-before described, and shown in Sheet 3 of the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Barnard and John Bishop, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
JA G. BOWER.
CHARLES BARNARD. (L.S.)
JOHN BISHOP.
(L.S.)