IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Bain at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1867.
I, HUGH BAIN, of the Town of Alexandria, in the County of Dumbarton,
North Britain, Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists essentially in a new or improved mode of dyeing.
yarns in hanks by giving them a slow motion in the direction of their loops or
threads, while at the same time they are traversed in sets, also at a slow rate,
horizontally, immersed for a great portion of their length in the liquids or dyes
employed in their treatment placed within a suitable cistern for the purpose.
The vertical revolving motion is given to the hanks of yarn or thread to be
dyed by hanging a few of them composing each set over and spread along a
revolving horizontal roller, and having a similar or corresponding weighted or
tensional roller passed through and resting on the lower ends of their loops,
both rollers being carried and guided by journals at their ends in slotted
pendent brackets, so as to revolve or traverse in sets horizontally round and
over or within a large annular cistern, or in some cases to and fro, or in
reverse directions along an oblong, rectangular, or semi-annular ended cistern,
containing the dye or other liquid in which it is necessary to soak or immerse
the yarns in the treatment or process of dyeing them, and into which liquid
the loose hanging parts of the loops of the hanks and their lower rollers are.

page_text: immersed while revolving on their actuating rollers, and being carried round
or traversed horizontally in sets through the liquid within the cistern. In
the case in which the sets of hanks and rollers revolve or are carried round
an annular cistern the set of pendent brackets within the cistern carrying the
rollers with the hanks revolving on them are bolted to the radial arms of a
large horizontal revolving frame or armed rim projecting over the cistern, this
revolving frame being keyed on the top of a vertical shaft revolving in the
axial line of the central space of the cistern in a footstep bearing upon a sole
plate bolted to a foundation below the level of the cistern, and also in an
upper journal bearing formed in a cruciformed saddle bracket bolted to and
projecting up from the said sole plate. The banks of yarn or thread are
turned by small friction or toothed wheels on the spindles of their actuating
upper rollers, resting and revolving on an annular flange or toothed rack
respectively by the action of the revolving radial frame and its vertical shaft
which carry round the pendent brackets and rollers so as to revolve in them.
Motion is given to the shaft of the revolving radial frame at a slow rate by a
screw wheel on its lower end gearing into a screw on the inner end of a long
horizontal shaft passed in and supported in bearings on the inner sole plate
below the level of the cistern, actuated by a short cross shaft furnished with
any of the usual driving and reversing motions of fast and loose pulleys and
bevil pinions gearing into a large bevil wheel on the outer end of the long
intermediate shaft passing in below the cistern for the double purpose of
reducing the speed and reversing the motion of the revolving frame, rollers,
and yarn round the cistern in either direction as desired, the first motion shaft
being actuated by a single belt, or by an open and crossed belt arrangement
from any adjacent prime moving shaft respectively, according to the kind of
reversing arrangement of gearing employed. Instead of the pendent frames
rollers and hanks of yarn or thread being carried round a large annular
cistern they may be carried round or along in reverse directions in two long
parallel rous side by side by one or two endless chains passed round two
chain wheels at the ends of the rows either in a rectangular cistern or au
oblong one, with cemicircular or semi-annular ends, motion being imparted to
the whole by actuating either one or both of the vertical shafts of the chain
wheels in the same manner as described in reference to the vertical shaft of
the revolving radial frame in the former modification described; and in this
modification or arrangement the weight of the chains and their penden
brackets guiding and carrying round the rollers and hanks are carried up all
along the two parallel rows during their traverse by antifriction rollers carried
on studs from the chains and rolling on the upper flanges of the cistern, or on

page_text: rails attached to the cistern for the purpose, and in this case also the frictional
or toothed wheels of the actuating pulleys carrying the hanks are actuated by
rails or racks respectively projecting out from the sides of the cistern in a
similar manner to that described in the former modification of the. large
annular cistern. The liquids within the cistern in these arrangements are
heated by a sufficient number of perforated steam pipes in the same manner
as the contents of the dyeing vessels at present employed are heated. In
dying yarns in this improved manner and by the improved mechanism herein
described much labor is saved, and a more perfect and uniform color is
imported to the yarns than by the methods and apparatus heretofore employed
for the like purpose.