IM. PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SPINDLES, PART OF WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO GRINDING AND POLISHING OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Bradley Ardrey, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Machinist, and Samuel Beckett, of Oldham, in the
County of Lancaster, Spindle Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Bradley Ardrey
and Samuel Beckett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 13th May 1862.
We, SAMUEL BRADLEY ARDREY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist, and SAMUEL BECKETT, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster,
Spindle Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM.
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SPINDLES, PART OF
WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO GRINDING AND POLISHING OTHER ARTICLES"
to be as follows:-
First, we take the spindles in their forged or black state, and neat them, and
then place them in a machine or apparatus having a number of dies, which
dies are pressed on different parts of the spindles by means of wedges, acted
upon by a lever, so as to straighten them perfectly without any hammering,
the lever being put in motion either by hand or power.
Secondly, each spindle after it has been straightened is ground and

page_text: polished in a self-acting manner in a machine or apparatus, having centres
and revolving stays for holding the spindle, and a pulley for giving it a
revolving motion. The grindstone has a reverse motion to that of the spindle,
and is guided longitudinally by a shaper, corresponding with the desired
shape of the spindle, there being a spring for the purpose of causing the frame
and stone to follow the shape of the shaper, and also to adjust the revolving
stays, so as to adapt them to the varied sizes of the spindle, and instead of
driving the spindle by a catch and driver, as at present, we propose to square
the end in its forged state, and cause it to enter a square hole in a plate or
chuck, fixed to the spindle of the headstock. It is evident that this apparatus
can also be applied for grinding and polishing other articles.
Thirdly, we form in the interior of the wharve a number of shallow slots,
so as to form a number of projections, which yield to the exact form of the
spindle, and enable the wharve to be pressed on to its place, without en-
dangering the truth of the said spindle. The slotting of the wharves, and
pressing them on to the spindles are both performed in one apparatus,
consisting of a press worked by a screw, from which the nut can be detached
at any part, so as to allow the screw of the press to rise to its original position
without loss of time.
SPECIFICATION
in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Bradley Ardrey and Samuel Beckett in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 13th November 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMUEL
BRADLEY ARDREY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist, and
SAMUEL BECKETT, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Spindle Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Samuel Bradley Ardrey and Samuel Beckett, Her special licence that we, the
said Samuel Bradley Ardrey and Samuel Beckett, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Samuel Bradley Ardrey and
Samuel Beckett, our .executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,

page_text: use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVE.
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SPINDLES, PART OF WHICH
APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO GRINDING AND POLISHING OTHER ARTICLE:,' upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Samuel Bradley Ardrey and
Samuel Beckett, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Samuel Bradley Ardrey and Samuel
Beckett, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say);--
First, we take the spindles in their forged or black state, and heat them, and
then place them in a machine or apparatus having a number of dies, which
dies are pressed on different parts of the spindles by means of wedges, acted
upon by a lever, so as to set or straighten them perfectly without any hammering,
the lever being put in motion either by hand or power.
Secondly, each spindle after it has been straightened, is centred and
squared at one end, and placed in a machine or apparatus to be ground in a
self-acting manner, and instead of driving the spindle by a catch and driver,
as at present, we place the square end in a plate or chuck having a square
hole to receive it, the plate or chuck being attached to the maundril of the
headstock. The aforesaid machine is provided with centres and revolving
stays for holding the spindles, and a pulley for giving it a revolving notion.
The grindstone has a reverse motion to that of the spindle, and is guided
longitudinally by a shaper corresponding with the desired shape of the spindle,
there being a spring for the purpose of causing the frame and stone to follow
the shape of the shaper, and also to adjust the revolving stays, so as to adapt
them to the varied sizes of the spindle. It is evident that this apparatus can
also be applied for grinding and polishing other articles.
Thirdly, we form in the interior of the wharve a number of shallow slots,
so as to form a number of projections, which yield to the exact size of the
spindle, and enable the wharve to be pressed on to its place, without' en-
dangering the truth of the spindle. The slotting of the wharves, and
pressing them on the spindles are both performed in one apparatus, con-
sisting of a press worked by a screw, from which the nut can be detached

page_text: at any part, so as to allow the screw of the press to rise to its original position
without loss of time.
These improvements will be clearly understood by referring to the figures
and letters on the accompanying four Sheets of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is
a longitudinal elevation; Fig. 2 a plan, and Fig. 3 a detached part of our
machine for setting or straightening spindles; Fig. 4 a front elevation; Fig. 5
a plan, and Fig. 6 a side elevation of our improved machine for grinding and
polishing spindles; Fig. 7 an end elevation, and Fig. 8 a longitudinal section
of part of the same; Fig. 9 a side elevation, and Fig. 10 a plan of oun
improved machine for slotting wharves, pulleys, or wheels, and pressing them
on to the spindles; Figs. 11, 12, 13, and 14, are views of detached parts of
the same, and Figs. 15 and 16 are elevation and plan of the tool or cutter for
slotting the wharves, pulleys, or wheels; the letters referring to each machine
separately.
In Figs. 1 and 2 representing our spindle setting or straightening machine,
the framework or body is shewn at a, the driving shaft at b, the fast and loose
pulleys at c, and the driving pinion at d, which pinion gears into the spur
wheel e on the shaft f, to which is fixed the cam g, which operates as it
revolves on a bowl h, attached to one end of the lever i working on the
fulcrum j, the said cam being formed with a dwell to allow the spindles to be
entered to and delivered from the machine. In the body of the frame we
bore a cylindrical hole and place in it as many pieces as there are dies; when
four are used, they are formed as at k, Fig. 3, so as to make slots or grooves 1,
into which are fitted dies m, wedges n, and gibbs o. The wedges and dies are
adjusted separately by the screws p,, and the pieces k secured to the body by
the screws q, the wedges n being raised by the springs r, and drawn back by
the springs s, when the pressure is off. On the tops of the wedges there is a
circular plate t of steel, having as many inclines as there are wedges, and on
the top of the plate there is a circular iron block u, hollowed at the top as at
v, for the curved end w of the lever i to work in, there being at that end of
the lever a hole to allow the entrance of the spindles. The circular block u
works in a circular guide z, formed in two parts, which are held by the studs
y, and turned upon them when the block is required to be taken out, and the
dies changed; the two parts of the guide being held firmly for work by
pins z.
The circular plate t is held central by a boss and recess, and has on
its periphery a number of teeth into which is geared a pinion a¹, which
is turned by a handle for the purpose of turning the plate and inclines, and
thereby adjusting the position of the wedges, and regulating the pressure of
the dies upon the spindles. The system of levers b' are for the purpose of un-

page_text: covering the aperture through which the spindle descends, and through which
aperture a blast of cold air is caused to ascend, in order to keep the dies cool
and clean. The dies, wedges, and gibbs, being placed in their slots or grooves,
and the positions of the wedges adjusted by the inclines on the plate t,
the machine is then put in motion, and when the end w of the lever i is in its
highest position the spindle is entered, and as the cam revolves it lowers the
end w, and presses it with force upon the circular block and wedges, so as to
press in the dies, and effectually straighten the spindle.
We now describe our improved spindle grinding and polishing machine
represented in Figs. 4, 5, and 6. In this machine we apply a self-acting motion
to the sliding table instead of working it by hand as hitherto adopted, and a
self-acting motion to bring the grindstone in contact with the spindle to be
ground, which motion is regulated to the shape of any pattern spindle, such
spindle being used as a former or dummy.
We also employ an improved headstock, in which the spindle is held and
carried round. a represents the main frame or body of the machine; b, the
driving shaft; c, the fast and loose pulleys; and d, the sliding table for carrying
the headstocks in which the spindle is placed; which headstocks are shewn
detached in Figs. 7 and 8. Underneath the table d there is a screw e, which
is acted upon by a system of bevil wheels driven by the pulley g, which
receives its motion from the pulley on the driving shaft b. The sliding
motion of the table is reversed by means of the stops i and on the rod k,
which stops are acted upon by a boss 1 fixed on one end of the table d. The
rod is jointed at one end to the lever m, working on a stud fixed to the
frame, and having its lower end of a vec-shape. When the boss comes in
contact with the stops i and i motion is communicated to the lever m, the
lower end of which is forced over the centre of the inclined planes n, so as to
allow the spiral spring o to exert its force and raise the inclined planes, and
thereby give a sharply accelerated motion to the lever m in the same direction
as it was moved by the boss I, by which means the catch boxes p connected
with bevil gear are thrown in and out of gear alternately, and thus give
motion to the screw and table. To the rod q are attached the forks r for
moving the catch boxes p, and the rod has a fixed stud s passing through a
slot in the lever m, which gives motion to the rod q, there being adjusting
screws to regulate the extent of the movement. The grindstone
the carriage u, which is moved as required by the two screws v.
frame there is a cross head w, having at each end a bearing, in which the
screws work, and also other bearings carrying a shaft communicating with the
two screws by means of bevil wheels. The pattern spindle is held in the
works on
Inside the

page_text: bracket x, secured to the table d by bolts capable of sliding in a dovetailed
groove, and the pattern spindle is held to the bracket by screws and clips y.
To the cross head w is fixed a pin z, extending to the outside of the frame
opposite the pattern spindle in the bracket. Behind the said cross head there is
a spiral spring a' for the purpose of keeping the cross head and pin z close up
to the pattern spindle, as shewn at b', Fig. 6, which pattern spindle slides with
the table d before the end of the pin z, and thereby gives to the cross head,
screws and grindstone a motion corresponding to the shape presented to the
end of the pin z. The grindstone t is fed by means of a ratchet wheel c' and
catches d' attached to a frame e', which is moved to and fro by snugs f¹ bolted
to the table d at any required positions according to the length of the spindle.
The ratchet wheel c' communicates by gearing g' with one of the screws, and
thereby causes the feed of the stone. The revolving stays are shewn at h¹,
one upper and two lower, they turn in a radial bracket attached to a
slide working on the bracket m', which spans the table d, and is secured to
the front and back of the frame. In order to adjust the revolving stays h¹ to
suit the altered size of the spindle, we employ a lever n' poised in or near the
centre; the upper end of the lever is attached by the rod o' to the slide 1', and
its lower end by the rod p' to the cross head w, which communicates the
motion it receives from the pattern spindle to the lower end of the lever n³,
and a reverse motion to the upper end, and also the slide and revolving
stays h¹.
The feet or standards g' are shewn only on the side elevation
Fig. 6, and are made so that the space under the grindstone can be boarded
off forming an enclosed chamber, in which an exhausting fan works. A blast
pipe is also used immediately opposite the stone for keeping the spindle cool
and blowing the dust into the chamber.
In Figs. 7 and 8, representing our improved headstock, in which the
spindle is held to be ground, r' is a fixed stud, having a dead centre s¹.
Fitting the stud and working on it there is a shell t', having fast and loose
pulleys a', and an external bearing v. To the shell t is attached the plate or
chuck w¹, having a square hole z in the centre for allowing the square end of
the spindle to enter, and the extreme end to work in the dead centre s when
the shell and chuck revolve.
In Figs. 9 and 10, representing our improved machine for slotting wharves,
pulleys, or wheels, and pressing them on to the spindles, a is the framework of
the machine; b, the driving shaft, and c, the fast and loose pulleys. To the
driving shaft b is fixed the pulley d, which communicates motion to the upper
pulley e and bevil wheels f, g, which give motion to the ram, of which the
part his plain, and the part i a screw. The part h slides through the bevil

page_text: wheel g, which has a fast key for carrying round the parts h and i, there being
a groove to allow the part h to slide. The lower part of the ram slides ver-
tically, and is held in position by the blocks and adjusting screws m, Fig. 10.
To this part the lower end of the screw i is attached in such a manner that
it can revolve. In the lower end of the ram is fitted an internal centre n,
the nut for the screw i is in two halves, as shewn in Fig. 12. The nut is
closed by a lever o and studs p, Fig. 13. The nut is forced open by a plate q,
with studs r, Fig. 14, the plate and studs being acted upon by a spiral spring s,
Fig. 9. The wharve, pulley, or wheel is placed upon a table or bed t capable
of sliding vertically by means of a screw acted on by a worm and wheel. A
recess is formed in the table or bed t, in which is fitted loose plates for
receiving the various sizes of wharves, pulleys, or wheels, which plates are
bored perfectly central with the ram.
In Figs. 9 and 10, u, v, w, represent a system of levers connected to the
lever o and studs p, Fig. 13, by which the nut is closed and held in contact
with the screw i; Fig. 11 being a plan of the nut, lever, and plate in position.
It will be seen that when the end of the lever u is raised and held up by
the catchy the nut will be closed by means of the studs p, and when the
stop z on the ram comes in contact with the arm a¹ on the same rod as the
catch y, the stop forces back the catch y until the end of the lever falls
down, which action allows the nut to be suddenly forced open by the spring 8,
Fig. 9, acting upon the plate q and studs r, and thereby relieves the screw i,
so that it can be quickly drawn up by a cord or chain to which a weight is
attached.
Figs. 15 and 16 represent the tool or cutter for slotting the wharves,
pulleys, or wheels. It has one, two, three, or more series of cutting points d'.
When more than one series is used the diameter of that which first enters the
hole is less than that which follows, and so on for all the series, by which
means the cut is divided. The wharve, pulley, or wheel being bored out to
the required size, is placed upon the plate upon the table or bed t. The tool,
Figs. 15 and 16, is then inserted, and the end of the lever u is raised by the
handle until the catch y falls under and holds it until the ram descends and
forces the tool through the wharve. The stop z is fixed in such a position as
to fall upon the arm a¹ as soon as the tool has passed through the wharve, and
thereby opens the nut and relieves the screw i, as before described. When
the required number of wharves are fluted or slotted the spindles are forced
upon them. The wharve, with the spindle through it, is placed upon the plate
on the table t, and the spindle pressed to its place by the ram, which descends
and rises in the same manner as described for slotting.

page_text: Instead of slotting the wharves, pulleys, or wheels for the purpose of
obtaining projecting edges, we obtain the same results by tapping or forming
a coarse thread in the hole.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our Invention, we desire
it to be understood that we claim,-
First, the peculiar system of setting or straightening spindles by longi-
tudinal dies, and the machine or apparatus in which the dies are employed.
Secondly, the system of cross grinding spindles by self-acting motion, and
the general arrangement by which any pattern spindle may be placed in the
machine, and spindles ground to the exact form of the pattern spindle.
Thirdly, the employment of three revolving stays, and self-acting motion by
which the stays are moved backwards and forwards so as to meet the varied
form and size of the spindle.
Fourthly, the self-acting motion by which the sliding table is reversed, and
the improved headstock for carrying round the spindle in a dead centre, and
the application of a cold blast of air upon the spindle during the process of
grinding.
And, fifthly, the peculiar system of slotting or tapping for the purpose of
forming ribs or projections in the hole of the wharve, pulley, or wheel, and
the tool or cutter for slotting, and also the machine for slotting the wharves and
pressing them on the spindles, as all such improvements are herein described
and illustrated in the accompanying four Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Samuel Bradley Ardrey and Samuel
Beckett, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of
November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-two
SAMUEL BRADLEY ARDREY. (L.S.)
SAMUEL BECKETT.
Signed, sealed and delivered by the
within-named Samuel Bradley Ardrey
and Samuel Beckett, in the presence
of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
(L.S.)