IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Baptiste Pascal, of Lyons, in the
Empire of France, and of 16, Castle Street, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, for the: Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER."
Sealed the 1st July 1858, and dated the 5th January 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Baptiste
Pascal at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 5th January 1853.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE PASCAL, of Lyons, in the Empire of France,
and of 16, Castle Street, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention "IMPROVEMENTS IN OB-
TAINING MOTIVE POWER" to be as follows:-
The novelty of this Invention consists principally in employing a
closed fire-box, as shown in the Drawing hereunto attached, or on
the same principle as that represented in the annexed Drawing, and
so constructed with its various appendices as to allow the mixing of
steam and air with the flames or gases produced by combustion,
.

page_text: which fluids or gases being compressed serve as the motive power
when they have been brought to sufficient degree of dilitation by the
heat from the fire-box.
The Drawing represents only those parts of the engine in which the
improvements are effected over engines of ordinary or known systems.
A, fire-box. 6, ash-pan of the saine. C, tubular apparatus fitting
into the fire-box. d, tube conducting the steam from the reservoir E,
into the fire-box A. E, steam reservoir. i, tube corresponding to the
driving cylinder. 1, opening in the fire-box. ', do. in the ash-pan.
H, funnel. K, slide closing the opening in the chimney or funnel.
9. 9, pressing screws closing the openings 7, and . n, cock to close at
will the tube d. m, m, blow pipes acting on the grate and fire-box.
Modifications may be made of the herein above described arrange-
ment of machinery, but without altering the principle of the Invention,
so the inventor does not limit himself to the exact details herein
described, but claims especially the principle of the Invention, which
is to employ as motive power a mixture of steam, air, and gases
produced by combustion under a pressure of several atmospheres,
dilated by means of a closed fire-box, in which the fire is kept ignited
by air compressed at a pressure equal to that of the said mixture, and
supplied by a blow pipe.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jean Baptiste Pascal in the Great Seal Patent
⚫Office, on the 4th July 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JEAN BAPTISTE PASCAL, of Lyons, in the Empire of France, and of
16, Castle Street, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in
the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Jean Baptiste Pascal, Her

page_text: special licence that I, the said Jean Baptiste Pascal, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jean Baptiste
Pascal, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Jean Baptiste Pascal, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Baptiste Pascal, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, and the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:
"
1
My Invention consists in the employment as a motive power of a
combination of steam, air, and gas produced by combustion, expanded
at a high temperature by means of a fire-box or furnace as described,
and in the mechanical appliances suitable to such.
Fig. 1, of the Drawings is a longitudinal section of boiler and
apparatus connected therewith. Fig. 2, a front view of Fig. 1,
furnace part. Fig. 3, transverse section of Fig. 1, taken at centre
of furnace. Fig. 4, P, section of air-compressing cylinder; R, motive
or driving cylinder; V, crank of driving shaft; A, fire-box or furnace;
b, ash-pit of furnace A, into which the pipe n", introduces compressed
air to produce combustion; C, tubular apparatus adjoining the fire-box
A, through which the heat passes into the chamber d; E, water sur-
rounding the fire-box and tubes C; F, upper part of the boiler and
steam chamber; g; door of fire-box, closing. hermetically by means
of a screw. It consists of a plug perfectly fitted to the opening; g',
door of ash-pit, made and closed in same manner as g; H, chimney;

page_text: K, slide to close the chimney H, when compressed air is fed to the
furnace; i, pipe fitted to the box d, conducting to the driving cylinder
R, the steam, air, and gas generated in the fire-box A; J, cock fitted
to the pipe i, closing the communication between the box or chamber d,
and the driving. cylinder; l, pipe provided with a cock, and connecting
the steam reservoir F, with the cylinder R, by the tube i; l', cock fitted
to the pipe l, to interrupt the communication of the steam with the
tube i; m, pipe to conduct steam into the fire-box A; m², cock break-
ing the communication from the steam clamber to the fire-box when
fuel is put on, or the machine stopped; n', pipe fitted to the ash-box b,
connecting with the cylinder P, by the cock N, (Fig. 2,) and the pipen",
and conducting into the ash-box the compressed air necessary for com-
bustion; n, pipe conducting into the furnace a quantity of air (not
intended to assist combustion) where it expands and acts as a motive
power in conjunction with the mixture of steam and gas; n", pipe fitted
to the cock N, (Fig. 2,) and connecting with the cylinder P; N, cock
with two regulators 2, and 21, connecting the pipes n, n', n", and serving
to regulate at will the quantity of air necessary to combustion, according
as it is requisite to raise or lower the temperature of the furnace A;
P, cylinder or blowing machine, by which compressed air is fed to the
fire and for expansion in the furnace A, it contains a piston covered
with leather, or made in metallic segments, and presses alternately the
air which escapes by the pipe n", after having raised the valves 3,
and 3, and as the vacuum is made by the piston the air enters by the
valves 4, and 4'. This piston is worked by connecting its rod with the
rod of the driving piston; the two rods thus form one, and transmit
their movement to the crank U, of the driving shaft R, double action
driving cylinder, similar to those used in steam engines. This cylinder
and all the pipes should have a thick covering of non-conducting
materials, to prevent radiation of heat. The relative capacity of the
two cylinders in low-pressure machines may be in the proportion of
three for the driving cylinder and two for the air cylinder, and in high-
pressure machines the capacity of the air cylinder may be increased.
To set the machine in motion the cocks m', ', and J, are closed, so
as to concentrate the steam; the doors g, and g', are opened, and the

page_text: slide K, is drawn back. The fuel is introduced by the door g. When
the steam has reached the necessary degree of dilatation, the doors g,
and g, and the slide K, are closed; the cock J, is opened, which puts
the fire-box A, in communication with the driving cylinder R, the
steam fills the fire-box, and thence passes into the driving cylinder and
acts on the piston, which transmits its movement to the cylinder P,
and at the same time to the crank U. The air compressed by the
piston of the cylinder P, passes by the pipe n", through the cock N,
where it is distributed by means of the regulators 2, and 2¹, one part
passing by the pipe n', into the ash-pan b, to supply combustion; and
the other part by the pipe n, into the fire-box A, to expand and mix
with the steam and gas produced by combustion, forming the combina-
tion employed as motive power. Thus the action continues till the fuel
becomes exhausted; then, in order to supply it without interrupting the
working of the machine, the steam chamber is put in communication
with the driving cylinder by opening the cock A, and closing the cocks
j, and m³, which stops the communication of the steam with the fire-
box; the slide K, and the door g, are opened, and fresh fuel is put on ;
the door g', is opened, and the cinders quickly cleared out, and the
door again firmly closed, also the slide K; the cocks m', and j, arc
opened, and the cock /, closed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Baptiste Pascal, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this First day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
J. B. PASCAL. (L.S.)