Improved Safety System of Circulating Hot Water for Domestic and other Purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 16th July, 1895-Accepted, 23th Sept., 1895
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION.
Improved Safety System of Circulating Hot Water for Domestic and
other Purposes.
PETER HADEN 109 Stoke Newington Road Stoke Newington London, N.,
Bath Proprietor and Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
==
My invention consists entirely of an improved safety system of circulating water
for domestic and other purposes, thereby preventing explosions, and in many cases
serious loss of life. To carry out this invention, I include the supply cistern in
the present system of circulation, viz. flow and return. To do this, I make a
connection from the flow pipe into the supply cistern, by means of a valve,
connected to the flow pipe and to the supply cistern, thereby allowing hot water
to circulate in the supply cistern, which prevents freezing both, in the supply
cistern and return pipe. Further, to complete my invention, 1 carry that part of
the flow pipe which is above the stop or circulating valve, and which is the air
relief pipe, also that part of the main supply pipe, which is possible, through the
supply cistern, and up to or above the level of the water in the supply cistern when
full, thereby preventing the water in the two pipes at that part from freezing.
Dated 25th day of February 1895.
PETER HADEN.
Improved Safety System of Circulating Hot Water for Domestic and
other Purposes.
1, PETER HADEX of 109 Stoke Newington Road in the County of Middlesex
Bath Proprietor and Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The invention relates to improvements in or connected with means for circulating
hot water for domestic and other purposes.
According to the present system employed more especially in private houses,
a closed boiler is heated by the kitchen fire, and the lower part of this boiler is
by a return pipe connected with the lower part of a hot water tank sometimes
placed at a considerable elevation and which return pipe also communicates with
the lower part of a supply cistern and supplies the lower part of the closed boiler
with water, whilst the upper part of the closed boiler is by a pipe connected with
the upper part of the hot water tank and beyond that point extends above the
level of the water in the supply cistern and is left open to form an air relief,
the supply cistern being filled from the main by a ball valve in the ordinary way.
Now according to the system above described the supply cistern is cut out of the
circulation and together with that part of the return pipe above the hot water
tank is isolated from the heat, with the result that in the case of a severe frost the
water within the return pipe immediately beneath the supply cistern becomes frozen

page_text: together with that within the relief pipe, and this is so well understood by engineers
that this point is known as the "frost line."
The freezing of the water within the pipes in this manner is the common cause
of the bursting of the closed boilers, and thus leads to disastrous results.
Now the object of the present invention is by a simple contrivance to remedy the
defect above pointed out.
For this purpose the flow pipe in addition to being connected with the top of the
closed boiler and the top of the hot water tank is also connected with the supply
cistern at a suitable elevation, beyond which it is continued in the form of a relief
pipe, and by these means the supply cistern is brought into the circulation and
without any material loss of heat in the hot water tank the contents of the supply
cistern and of the pipes leading thereto and therefrom are maintained at such a
temperature as to preclude any possibility of their becoming frozen even under the
influence of extreme cold.
As a further precaution against the stoppage of the system by the action of frost,
the main supply pipe leading from the water main to the supply cistern is caused
to run parallel with and closely adjacent to the flow pipe of the hot water system
and upon arriving at the supply cistern to pass into the same at the lower part
thereof, and then to rise to the upper part where it is furnished in the usual way
with a ball cock whilst the air relief pipe is led into the supply cistern above the
water level in a similar way.
The flow pipe is connected with the supply cistern by means of a branch pipe in
which is located a stop valve so that except in cold weather the supply cistern may
be cut out of the circulation whilst upon cold weather setting in it will be only
necessary to turn the valve and open the connection in order to ensure the safety
of the closed boiler.
And in order that the said invention may be more clearly understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed aided by the accompanying drawing, fully to
describe the same.
In the accompanying drawing a represents an ordinary closed or high pressure
boiler such as is commonly employed in connection with kitchen fires, represents
a closed hot water tank which is placed in a more or less elevated position, and
c represents the supply tank into which water flows from the main and is therefrom
conducted into the boiler a by means of a return pipe d and which pipe descends to
the lower part thereof, and the return pipe d is by an elbow d¹ connected with the
lower part of the hot water tank b.
The upper part of the closed boiler a is by a flow pipe e and branch e¹ connected
with the upper part of the hot water tank and beyond that point the pipe
extends above the level of the water contained in the supply cistern c, and at its
end is left open to form an air relief.
The supply cistern is filled with water from the main through a service pipe fand
ball valve in the usual way.
Instead of leaving the supply cisterne out of the circulation system as heretofore,
according to the present invention the flow pipe e in addition to being connected
with the top of the closed boiler a and the top of the hot water tank b by the
branche is also connected with the supply cistern c by the branche beyond which
point the pipe e is continued in the form of a relief pipe as will be readily
understood.
Within the branch pipe e is placed a stop valve 3 by means of which the supply
cistern c may be cut out of the circulation, in which case the circulation will take
place through the lower part of the return pipe d the closed boiler a flow pipe e,
branch and hot water tank whilst upon frosty weather setting in by simply
opening the valve the supply cistern e will be brought into the circulation system
and the water will circulate through the return pipe d, hot water tank b, closed
boiler a, flow pipe e, branch pipe e', branch pipe e and supply cistern c.
As a further precaution against the stoppage of the system by the action of the
frost the service pipe leading from the water main into the supply cistern
is

page_text: caused to run parallel with and closely adjacent to the flow pipe e of the hot water
system and upon arriving at the supply cistern c the pipefis passed into the same
at the lower part thereof and then rises to the upper part thereof where it supports
the ball valve f¹.
In the same manner the upper part of the flow pipe e which constitutes the air
relief pipe is led into the supply cistern c and rises above the level of the water
therein and to the outside of the tank and then returns to the inside thereof where
it is left open in the usual way.
By the means hereinbefore described at a trifling additional cost the supply
cisternis brought into the circulation system, and without any material loss of
heat to the hot water tank the contents of the supply cistern c and of the
pipes d, e, f, leading thereto and therefrom are maintained at such a temperature
as to preclude any possibility of their becoming frozen even under the influence of
extreme cold.
Although the invention is shown in connection with an apparatus intended for
use in an ordinary dwelling house or the like for producing a supply of hot water at
an elevated position it will be evident that the same may be also employed in
connection with apparatus for circulating hot water for heating purposes either in
private houses public buildings or in like situations.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. In apparatus for circulating hot water for domestic and other purposes, the
combination of a closed boiler, an elevated closed hot water tank placed in
circulation with the boiler by means of flow and return pipes, an elevated supply
cistern connected with the return pipe and means for throwing the supply cistern
into the circulation system at the times desired substantially as herein shown and
described and for the purpose stated.
2. In apparatus for circulating hot water for domestic and other purposes, the
combination of a closed boiler, an elevated closed hot water tank placed in
circulation with the boiler by means of flow and return pipes, an elevated supply
cistern connected with the return pipe, an upward extension from the flow pipe
constituting a relief pipe, a branch connecting such extension with the supply cistern
and a stop valve located in such branch substantially as herein shown and described
and for the purpose stated.
3. In apparatus for circulating hot water for domestic and other purposes, the
combination of a closed boiler, an elevated closed hot water tank placed in
circulation with the boiler by means of flow and return pipes, means for throwing
the supply cistern into the circulation system at the times desired, a service pipe
and ball valve for charging the supply cistern, an extension of the How pipe
constituting an air relief pipe, the service pipe being arranged in close proximity to
the flow pipe and then carried into the lower part of the supply cistern, and then
upward to a point above the water level and the relief pipe being similarly carried
through such cistern substantially as berein shown and described and for the
purpose stated.
4. In apparatus for circulating hot water for domestic and other purposes
supplied with water from a cistern, means for throwing the cistern into the
circulation system at the times desired, substantially as herein shown and described
and for the purpose stated.
Dated this 16th day of July 1895.
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
27 Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.