Improvements in and Connected with Steam Boilers.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 8th June, 1887.
Complete Left, 27th July, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 20th Sept., 1887.
Improvements in and Connected with Steam Boilers.
ROBERT SCOTT 237 Stanton street Newcastle on Tyne Grocer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows :—
For Cornish or egg-ended boilers a number of tubes are placed lengthwise under the
boiler in the form of a semi-circle. They may also be placed cross wise, the fuel is
placed upon these tubes, The tubes are connected with a pipe at the front and back
this main pipe is connected with the boiler in front, and the back main pipe is also
connected with the boiler. Into one of the tubes at both sides of the fuel are inserted
a number of pipes, the pipes pass through the water space in the tube and lead direct
to the fuel, air is forced through these holes or pipes to support combustion, For
Lancashire and marine boilers where the fire tube is inside of the boiler, a number of
inlets pass through the boiler plates direct to the fuel, the fuel being placed upon the
furnace plates, air is forced through the inlets to support combustion, I may also use a
double tube which is placed near the furnace bottom, the inner tube conveys air and
the outer shell contains water. The shell or tube which contains the water is
connected with the boiler, at both ends of the tube, and the tube which contains the
air is connected with a blower or fan, between the inner and outer pipe there are a
number of pipes or outlets for the air to pass to the fuel, a double brick bridge is used
with a space between the bricks, the air passes into this chamber and is heated before
it comes in contact with the gases in the combustion chamber, the gases evolved by
combustion pass through a body of water or other fluid, this is accomplished by the
outlets of the furnace being submerged into the fluid, For egg ended boilers I may
also use a saddle into which the fuel is placed, this saddle is placed. under the boiler
and has water between the shells, the holes for the air pass through the sides, and the
saddle is connected with the boiler.

page_text: ROBERT SCOTT Stanton Street Newcastic on Tyne Grocer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :--
The object of my invention is to arrange the furnace so that the centres of energy
or combining points of the atoms may be near the furnace plates, consequently the
heat transmitted to the water is increased. The fuel is placed upon the furnace plates,
or other suitable plates, or upon tubes and in each case the plates are surrounded by
water and the tubes contain water, and combustion is supported by the introduction of
a number of concentrated currents of air to the top, sides and bottom of the fuel. I
may state that a patent was granted to me dated Jan. 30 1886 No. 1352 in which fuel
was burned upon the furnace plates by the introduction of concentrated currents of
air, the present application for a patent is largely based upon the same principle.
Fig. 1 represents a section of a boiler. A. A represent furnaces. BB a large tube
in each furnace, these tubes reach the entire length of the furnace, one end of the tube
is attached to the bottom of the combustion chamber and the other end to the front
part of the boiler. In fig. 2 is represented another view of this large tube B. in
which the method of connection is shewn. These tubes may be made of copper, steel
or Iron; these tubes vary in size according to the size of the furnace. For a furnace
42 inches in diameter, the diameter of the tube would be from 20 to 26 inches, owing
to the intense heat upon these tubes they promote a rapid circulation of the water.
In fig. 2 is represented a bridge with a space in the centre, the air is forced into this
space and is heated to a high temperature before coming in contact with the gases in
the furnace, by this means combustion is stimulated. In fig. 1. D represents main air
pipes for conveying air to the tuyers and thence to the fuel, these pipes are attached to
the front of the boiler and pass along the entire length of the furnace between the
inner and other plates, from these main air pipes there are a number of connections
through the furnace plates to which are attached tuyers. In Fig. 3. E represents a
tuyer shewing connection to furnace plate G and also connection to main air pipe D.
Air is forced into main air pipe D by means of a blower and thence through the
tuyers to the fuel. In fig. 1. E represents the position of the tuyer in the furnaces.
In fig. 2. E represents another view of tuyers in the furnace and in fig. 2. D represents
another view of main air pipe for conveying air to the tuyers. The tuyer shewn in
the drawing has three outlets for air to the fuel, but the number of outlets may be
increased: In a marine boiler the small tubes are a source of trouble as they frequently
get destroyed by the heat with forced draught they are more liable to get dainaged,
to prevent this evil, a short pipe is made at right angles to the boiler plate, this
short pipe may be either rolled with the boiler plate or welded on to the boiler plate,
to these short pipes projecting from the boiler plate is attached a pipe which may be
either bolted or rivetted to the short pipes. In fig. 2 F F represent the short pipes at
right angles to the boiler plate. C represent pipe connected with pipes F F. Fig. 4

page_text: represents sections of boiler plates with pipe at right angles F F and C represents a
pipe to be attached to short pipes F F, by this method the flanges are surrounded by
water and are not so liable to be destroyed.
When once the principle has been demonstrated of burning the fuel upon the
furnace plates by means of concentrated currents of air it is evident that the
introduction of the said currents of air may be varied in different ways.
Fig. 5 represents a saddle, or double plate with water between the plates, the saddle
extends from the front of the furnace into the combustion chamber, the under plate of
the saddle rests upon the furnace plates, the front part of the saddle is connected with
the front part of the boiler and the back part of the saddle is connected at the bottom
of the combustion chamber. The fuel is placed upon the saddle and combustion is
supported by the introduction of concentrated currents of air. In fig. 5 H H
represents saddle. K K K represents saddle connections with front part of the
boiler. J J represents connections of saddle at the bottom of the combustion
chamber. A pipe is placed inside of the saddle and extends from the front to the
back part of the saddle; from this pipe there are a number of outlets which pass
through the saddle to the fuel, and conveys the air to the furnace. I I represents this
pipe and its position in the saddle, a blower is attached to the pipe II and air is
forced into the furnace.
Fig. 6. represents a method of burning the fuel upon a number of pipes, these pipes
rest upon the furnace plates and extend into the combustion chamber, these pipes are
connected to a large pipe in the front of the furnace and this large pipe is connected
with the boiler, the opposite end of the pipes are connected with a similar large pipe,
and this large pipe is connected with the boiler in the combustion chamber. Two of
the pipes which extend from the front of the furnace into the combustion chamber
are double pipes, the inner pipe conveys the air; from the inner pipe there are a
number of outlets to the furnace, the air pipe is attached to a blower, and the outer
pipe is attached to the fore mentioned large pipe which is connected with the boiler,
Fig. 6 represents two furnace shewing ono view of the arrangement in elevation and
the other in section. LLLL represent double pipe shewing an outlet to the fuel to
support combustion. M M represent a number of pipes upon which the fuel is placed,
and their connections with the large pipes, N represents connections of the large
pipes with the boiler, a blower is attached to the pipes L L L L and air is forced into
the furnace.
In case any accident occurs to the afore mentioned arrangements, it is necessary to
have a method wherein fire-bars may be used. Fig. 7 represents a method wherein
fire-bars are used. The fire-bars are placed low down in the furnace, and are a little
lower in the centre than at the sides, forming part of a circle. Combustion may be
supported by either natural or forced draught. When forced draught is used the air
is forced into the ash pit through pipe Ŏ. O. the part of the pipe which extends
through the ash pit is perforated with a number of holes which allows the air to escape
and pass up through the bars to the fuel, a blower is attached to pipe O. O. and air by
this means air is forced into the fuel.
Fig. 8 represents another arrangement of burning the fuel upon the furnace plates,
a double pipe is placed along the inside of the furnace, the inner pipe conveys the air
to the fuel, from the inner or air pipe there are a number of outlets for the air to pass
into the fuel. The outer pipe contains water and is attached to the front of the
boiler, and the other end of the outer pipe is attached to the combustion chamber, the
air pipe extends the entire length of the furnace. In fig. S P P represents double
pipe shewing an outlet for air to fuel. Q represents continuation of air pipe to which
is attached a blower, which forces air to the furnace. The attachment of outer or
water pipe to boiler is also shewn. In converting marine boilers to the fore mentioned
methods it is necessary to adopt some means of preventing the small tubes in marine
boilers from being damaged by the heat. Fig. 9 represents the end of a small tube
with a ferrule placed into the end of the tube, the other view represents the front of
the ferrule, by this means the excessive heat is kept from the ends of the tube, I may
make the ferrule of plumbago, fire ciay or, other heat resisting material, between the

page_text: ferrule and the tube I may place a covering of asbestos, or other non conductor of
heat. When forced draught is used, it is necessary to retard the rapid exit of gases
from the furnace. To accomplish this I pass the gases through a body of water or
other fluid, before they are liberated to the atmosphere, the smoke being also destroyed
in passing through the water. Fig. 10 represents an arrangement for passing the
gases through water, or other fluid, R. represents funnel. S. S. outlets from funnel.
TT tank containing water. U U. outlets from tank into funnel. V. valve, by
closing the valve the gases pass through to the water or other fluid, as indicated by the
arrows. Fig. 11. shews somewhat similar arrangement W. valve. X funnel Z tank.
Y outlet from tank into funnel above valve.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is.
1. The introduction of concentrated currents of air to the fuel as herein before
described and represented in Fig. 1. 2. 5. 6 and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
2. The improved arrangement of a large tube in each of the furnaces, as herein-
before described and represented in Fig. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
3. An improved tuyer, as herein before described and represented in fig. 3 of the
accompanying drawings.
4. An improved tube, as hereinbefore described and represented in fig. 2 and 4 of
the accompanying drawings.
5. Burning the fuel upon the furnace plates, as hereinbefore described and
represented in figs. 1. 2 and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
6. An improved arrangement of a saddle upon which the fuel is placed, as herein-
before described and represented in fig. 5 of the accompanying drawings.
7. The improved arrangement of firebars forming part of a circle, as herein before
described and represented in fig. 7 of the accompanying drawings.
8. The improved arrangement of pipes, upon which the fuel is placed, as herein-
before described and represented in fig. 6 of the accompanying drawings.
9. The improved arrangement of a double tube as hereinbefore described and
represented in fig. 8 of the accompanying drawings.
10. Delivering the gases evolved by combustion into a body of water, or other fluid,
as hereinbefore described and represented in figs. 10 and 11 of the accompanying
drawings.
11. The improved bridge for heating the air, as hereinbefore described and
represented in fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings.
12. The improved arrangement of a ferrule for protecting the ends of the tubes, as
herein before described and represented in fig. 9 of the accompanying drawings.
13. The improved steam boilers, as hereinbefore described and represented in the
various figures of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this the 25th of July 1887.