Improvements in and relating to Machinery for Cutting Oil or other Grooves in Tubular and other Bearings and for Analogous purposes
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Jan., 1898-Accepted, 16th Apr., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Machinery for Cutting Oil or other
Grooves in Tubular and other Bearings and for Analogous
purposes.
(A communication from abroad by BENJAMIN PHILLIPS and THOMAS HART
ANDERSON, both of 53, State Street, Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, one
of the United States of America, Gentleman.)
I, ALFRED GEORGE BROOKES, of 55 & 56, Chancery Lane, in the County of
London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be perforined, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement: —
'
It is common in the art to provide a tubular bearing with what is commonly
termed an oil groove which is local.ed within the bearing and extends longitudinally
thereof, being however of a length less than the length of the bearing and terminat-
ing at points removed from the ends of the bearing.
The function of this groove is to distribute oil along the bearing and retain oil
for lubricating the bearing, and said groove communicates with the outside of
the bearing by one or more oil holes through which the oil is inserted therein.
Owing to the location of the oil groove within the bearing, and to the fact that
it terminates at points removed from the ends of the bearing, it has not been
proposed, in so far as I am at present advised of the art, to cut such a groove by
the use of any machine, without largely supplementing the operation of such
machine by hand labor, and it is the common practice in the art to cut such groove
entirely by hand with a hammer and cold chisel, the operation being difficult and
expensive.
The object of the present invention is to provide a machine for forming such
grooves and for analogous purposes, which shall not require the constant inter-
ference of the operator, and which will successfully and expeditiously perform the
work required.
To the above end the present invention consists of a cutting tool arranged to
project within the bearing to be grooved, a work support upon which the bearing
is held, and connected mechanisms operating automatically to impart to the tool
and work support relative longitudinal and lateral movements to cause said tool
to cut a groove upon the inner face of the bearing of a length less than the length
of the bearing. The present invention further consists of improvements in the
form and arrangement of said mechanism, whereby the relative lateral move-
ments of the tool and work support, shall be to a fixed point in one direction and
to a progressively advancing point in the opposite direction.
The present invention further consists of means for controlling the relative
lateral movements of the tool and work support, whereby the tool is caused to
engage with the inner surface of the bearing while making a cut, and to disengage
itself therefrom during the return movement.
The present invention also consists of mechanism for controlling the relative

page_text: lateral movement of the tool and work support to regulate the depth of the cut, and
to stop the progressively advancing movement at a predetermined point. The
present invention further consists of the devices and combination of devices herein-
after described and claimed.
A preferred form of the present invention is shown in the accompanying
drawings in which
Figure 1 shows the machine in side elevation.
Figure 2 shows a section of the machine taken upon the line x-x and z-z
Fig. 3, parts being in elevation.
Figure 3 shows a plan view of the machine.
Figure illustrates a side elevation of the work support feed controlling
mechanism.
Figure 5 represents a transverse section of the same mechanism.
Figs. 6 and 7 represent details of the work support actuating mechanism.
Figure 8 represents a section upon the line y-y Fig. 6.
Figure 9 shows a fragmentary detail of a shaft and bearing, the bearing
provided with an oil groove such as cut by this machine, and
Figure 10 shows a transverse section of said bearing.
Before proceeding to describe the present machine I desire to state, that I am
not aware that it has ever been proposed to make a machine for cutting a longi-
tudinal groove upon the inner face of a tubular article or bearing, of a length less
than the length of the bearing, and terminating at each end at a point removed
from the end of the bearing without largely supplementing the operations of such
machine by hand labor, and that therefore I do not consider the present invention
as limited to the precise details of construction shown, nor to giving to the tool
or work support the movements which will be described, inasmuch as it is obvious
that the tool itself may be given all the movements required to make the cut, the
work support remaining fixed, or the tool may remain fixed and the work support
given all the movements required to make the cut.
In the machine of the drawing, the cutting tool has imparted to it a longi-
tudinal reciprocating movement within the bearing in which the groove is to be
cut, and the work support has imparted to it a laterally reciprocating movement,
such movement being to a fixed point in one direction and progressively advancing
in the opposite direction, whereby the tool will gradually cut the groove to the
required depth.
In the machine of the drawings A represents a frame of suitable size and shape
to support the working parts, said frame being substantially a hollow casting
rectangular in cross section and provided with suitable braces a, upon its interior
as shown in Fig. 2. The upper end of the frame A is closed by a top a¹ which is
provided with an aperture a² and a bearing a³ for a purpose to be hereinafter
described.
Upon the upper surface of the top a¹ is formed a suitable guideway a¹ within
which is received and guided a suitable guide b of the work table B.
Upon frame A is also formed a suitable bearing a5, which carries a stud a6
upon which is mounted the driving pulley A¹ and a pinion a', said pulley and
pinion communicating motion to the parts of the machine through the gear as,
mounted upon the end of a shaft a³ turning in a suitable bearing in the side of
frame A.
.
.
The tool c is carried by the upper end of a tool stock C which is shown as a
cylindrical rod or stem mounted to reciprocate in a bushing a¹0 fitted to the
aperture a² in the top a¹ of the frame A. Any suitable means may be provided
for imparting a reciprocating movement to the tool stock C, that shown in the
machine of the drawings being as follows: Fitted between the braces a-a and
guided thereby is a reciprocating cross head ¹ to the upper end of which said tool
stock C is rigidly and securely fixed in any suitable manner, as by the nut ca
engaging the threaded end of said tool stock, which projects below the end of the

page_text: bearing ³ formed in said cross head into which the lower end of said tool stock
is fitted.
The cross head c¹ is reciprocating by means of a link which is pivotally con-
nected at to said cross head, and at its other end pivotally connected to a crank
pin carried by a crank c mounted upon the inner end of the shaft a. The
crank c is preferably counterweighted as shown in order to insure ease and
regularity of action. The above described arrangement is such that a rotation
of the shaft a³, will by means of the crank c', crank pin c and link impart à
vertical reciprocation to the cross head c¹, thus reciprocating the tool stock C and
the tool c carried thereby.
1
It may be desirable to regulate and adjust the reciprocation of the tool stock C
and the tool c for the purpose of varying the length of the cut made by said tool,
and this may be accomplished by any suitable mechanism, conveniently by
mounting the crank pin upon a slide 8, which is adapted to move along a
guideway, formed in the crank c', said slide being actuated by a threaded
rod c¹ engaging a threaded bearing in said slide c8, said rod c¹o being fitted to turn
in a bearing, but restraining from longitudinal movement by any suitable
means, and having a suitable head c¹ by which it may be engaged and turned,
to move said slide and crank pin c to any desired position along said crank c
Any suitable provision may be made in the frame A for the purpose of obtaining
access to the rod cl for the purpose of adjusting the crank pin c6, as for instance
an aperture A² may be provided in said frame as shown in Fig. 2. The bearing
within which the groove is to be cut is mounted upon the work support or
table B, and said table is given a reciprocating movement to bring said bearing
into engagement with the tool c when said tool is moving in a direction to make
the cut, and to remove said work from engagement with the tool c when said tool is
moving in the opposite direction. As clearly shown in the drawing the work
support or table B has an enlarged central aperture 6 through which the tool
stock C is adapted to be reciprocated, said aperture 6 being of such a diameter as
to permit a limited reciprocation of the work support or table B without inter-
fering with the movements of the tool stock C. The bearing D to be cut is fixedly
held upon the surface of the work support or table B, by any suitable means as
by a clamp d' which is caused to engage and tightly clamp some portion of the
bearing D, which in the present instance has a flange d which the end of clamp d¹
engages, and clamps by the action of the bolt 2 passing through said clamp d'
and engaging a threaded aperture d³ in the table or work support B.
C
Any suitable means may be provided for reciprocating the work support or
table B, that shown in the machine of the drawing being arranged and operating
ás follows:
The work support or table B is provided with a recess 71 as shown in Fig. 2, in
which is fitted a block 6 which upon its lower face is provided with a recess 63
with which engages a tooth 64 formed on a block 65 fixed to the end of a shaft 66,
mounted to oscillate in a suitable bearing 67 in the frame A, the oscillation of
said shaft by means of the engagement of the tooth 64 with the recess 63 in the
block 6 causes a reciprocation of the work support or table B. Said shaft 66 is
oscillated by means of a lever 68 which is fixedly secured to the outer end thereof,
and in order that the motions of said table B shall be to a fixed point in one
direction, that is in a direction to carry the work away from the point of the tool,
and shall be progressively advanced in the opposite direction, or in the direction
to carry the work to the point of the tool c, whereby the groove shall be pro-
gressively cut by said tool c to the required depth, the lever 68 is conveniently
actuated by the following mechanism. The lever 68 as shown in Fig. 8 has upon
its rear face a channel 69 formed by the flanges 610, in which is mounted to freely
slide a block 61 which is loosely held upon a pin or stud 618. A levér e similar to
the lever is mounted to turn freely upon a shaft, or stud el projected from the
frame A, and it also has a channel e formed by flanges e in which is adapted to

page_text: slide a block e similar to block 6, and in which is mounted the stud 12, upon
which the block 611 is free to turn as before stated, the stud 62 forms a movable
connection between the levers 68 and e movable along both levers towards and
from their centers of motion, and by this arrangement, it will be seen that a
swinging movement given to the lever e, will by means of the block e, pin 612
and block 1, impart a similar movement to the lever 65, causing the lever 68
by means of the shaft 6, stud 6 and recess 63, to impart motion to the work
support or table B. The lever e is turned upon its fulcrum e¹ by means of a link e
which is pivotally connected to an ear at the outer end of said lever, said link es
at its other end carrying a suitable cam roll e' which engages a path cam e
cut in the face of the gear a³:
It will thus be seen that a rotation of the gear as will by means of the path
came and the link e impart an up and down movement to the end of the lever e,
and by means of the connection b¹ impart an up and down movement to the end of
lever 38, thus imparting movement to the work support or table B, by means of
the tooth and notch 63 as before described.
An inspection of Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawing will demonstrate the fact that an
upward movement of the levers e and 68 will impart to the work support or table B
a movement in the direction of the arrows shown on these figures; and will thus
move the bearing D thereon in position to be engaged by the point of the cutting
tool c, and when thus moved the levers e and 68 will be in the position shown in
Fig. 7. When the levers e and 68 are moved downward to the position shown in
Fig. 6, the work support or table B will be moved in the opposite direction; or in a
It is
direction to remove the work from contact with the point of the tool c.
desirable that the movement away from the point of the tool c shall be always to a
fixed point, while the movement of the work towards the tool c shall be to a
progressively advanced point, in order that, first, a tool stock of large diameter as
compared with the diameter of the bearing to be grooved may be employed to
prevent the springing of the tool away from the work, and second, that the groove
cut in the bearing shall be progressively cut to the depth required, the point of the
cutting tool c cutting into the inner surface of the bearing D at each downward
movement thereof, the work support and work being removed from engagement
with the point of the tool, while said tool is moved upward, preventing the tool c
from dragging along the work upon its return movement, which would rapidly dull
the tool.
It will be noted that the relative position of the centers of motion of the levers 68
and e is such, that the downward movement of the lever e as produced by the
extreme throw of the cam es, always brings the lever 18 on center with the lever e,
and the respective centers of motion of the levers 68 and e and the movable
connection 612 into alignment, and since this downward movement of the lever e
controls the downward movement of the lever 68, which controls the movement of
the work support B, which carries the work D away from the tool c, and tends to
approximate the back of the tool stock C with the opposite side of the work D
from that on which the cut is being made, it follows that the work is always
brought to the same point with reference to the back of the tool stock C, and that
the diameter of the tool stock C as compared with the diameter of the work D, is
required to be reduced only sufficient to give clearance between the back of the
tool stock C and the work, when the tool stock C is first inserted in the work, thus
permitting the use of a relatively large tool stock as hereinbefore suggested.
The upward throw of the lever 68 controls the movement of the work support
or table B which advances the work D towards the tool c, and to secure a pro-
gressive advancement of the work toward the tool I provide means for moving
the movable center 312 towards the center of motion of the lever 68 and thus increas
ing the throw of said lever 38 as produced by the upward movement of the lever e
and to accomplish this result I have adopted, in the embodiment of my invention
shown in the drawing the following mechanism:

page_text: Connected with the block et is a rack e* which meshes with and is actuated by
a pinion e*, said pinion being formed upon a sleeve es* adapted to freely turn upon
the shaft e. Upon the outer end of the sleeve is fixedly secured a ratchet
wheel e. The ratchet wheel e is actuated by a spring actuated pawl e¹0 mounted
upon a lever el; fulcrumed upon the sleeve e as clearly shown in Fig. 5, said
lever being moved about its fulcrum by a link e2 pivotally connected at e¹³ to
the outer end of said lever, said link at its lower end being pivotally connected
to the short arm of lever e, fulcrumed at e¹5, the other or longer arm of said
lever e¹ being connected to the end of the link e. The above arrangement is
such that as the long arm of the lever e¹ is raised by the cam path at the
time said cam is acting to raise the end of levers 8 and e to move the work
support, and the work thereon in the direction of the arrows in Figs. 1 and 2, the
short arm of the lever el will be depressed thus pulling down upon the link e¹³
and moving the lever e¹¹ about its fulcrum thus causing the pawl el⁰ to slip over
the teeth of the ratchet e and engage the same at a new position, and when the
lever el is moved in the opposite direction, or to the position shown in Fig. 1
the pawl eo will rotate the ratchet and the pinion e*, and by means of the
rack e move the blocks and 3 along the levers e and 68 moving the con-
nection nearer the fulcrum 66 of lever 68, which upon the next rotation of the
cam imparts an increased throw to the lever 68, which causes the work support
and the work thereon to be moved nearer to the cutting point of the tool, which
will thus progressively cut the groove to the depth required.
In order to stop the cutting operation when the groove has been cut to the
predetermined depth, in the machine of the drawing, I have provided mechanism
to stop the advancing movement of the work support or table.
This mechanism as shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 comprises a disk F, fitted loosely
to the hub e¹ of the ratchet wheel e and fitting within the flanged periphery of
said ratchet wheel, which as shown in Fig. 5 is undercut at.el7 for a purpose to
be hereinafter referred to. The disk F at one portion of its periphery has a
cam shaped projection f which projects beyond the teeth of the ratchet c. and
which is of a length greater than the throw of the pawl e¹0. Said disk F is arranged
to be locked to the ratchet wheel to rotate therewith, with the projection f at
any predetermined point along the periphery of said ratchet wheel e³.
The locking device shown in the machine of the drawing consists of a bolt fl
which passes through an aperture formed through the handle f2 and through
said disk F, which carries at its inner end a head f³ arranged to engage the under-
cute of the ratchet wheel e, and which at its outer end has a nut f4 by means
of which the head f3 is brought into forcible contact with the outer wall of the
undercut e. The pawl e¹ is of a width in excess of the width of the face of the
ratchet, and extends over the edge thereof to be engaged by the projection f,
when the rotation of said ratchet shall have brought the projection f under
said point.
It will thus be seen that when said projection f shall have arrived at point
beneath the point e, that it will cause said pawl to be raised from engagement
with the teeth of the ratchet wheel e, and that inasmuch as said projection is of
greater length than the stroke of the pawl e10, that said pawl cannot engage the
teeth of the ratchet, but will ride back and forth upon the projection f, thus
imparting no motion to the ratchet wheel e, and stopping the advance of the
blocks and b and connection 612, and the advance of the work support or table B
and the work D thereon, towards the cutting point of the tool c, and until the
machine is stopped and another piece of work placed in position and the disk F
turned and reset for another operation of the machine, the further reciprocation
of the table or work support will be to a fixed point in both directions. In order
that the work support or table B may be adjusted to give a preliminary relative
adjustment to the work and the tool c, the block is made adjustable in the
recess by means of a screw threaded rod t which engages a threaded bearing

page_text: in the block 63, said rod t being fitted to turn in a bearing formed in the work
support B, but held from longitudinal movement therein, said rod having a
suitable handle 2 by means of which the rod t may be turned to move the table B
along the guideway a', to thus preliminarily adjust the work and tool.
The operation of the machine of the drawings is as follows:-
.
A bearing as D being clamped upon the work support B, and the work support
and tool c being preliminarily adjusted to bring the tool into the required position
with reference to the work, and the machine being set in operation, by means of
the levers 68 and e, the work support B is advanced towards the tool c until the
tool c engages with the work to the depth required for the first cut of the tool c,
and said work support being held in such advanced position, the tool descends
making the first cut. When the tool c has reached the limit of its downward
stroke and has finished the first cut, the levers 68 and e operate to move the work
support in an opposite direction into the retracted position, the work being
then clear of the point of the tool c, and while held in such position the tool
makes its return stroke, and returns to a position to commence a second cut.
This operation is continued until the groove has been cut to the required depth
when the projection f comes in contact with the end of the pawl elo and stops
the further progressive movement at the work. towards the tool.
The operation of the ratchet e as actuated by the pawl eo is such, that each
advancing movement of the work table B, carries the work to a point towards
the tool in advance of the point reached by the preceeding advancing movement
by a distance equal to the depth of a single cut to be made by the tool.
To reset the machine for a new piece of work the pawl eo is lifted, and the
ratchet wheel e turned backward, thus rotating the pinion e* and by means of
the rack e6 draws back the blocks and b and the movable connection 612 to
the starting position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
In machinery for and relating to the cutting of oil or other grooves in tubular
and other bearings and for analogous purposes:-
CLAIMS.
1. The combination with a cutting tool arranged to project within the bearing to
be grooved, and a work support upon which said bearing is held, of connected
mechanisms acting to impart to said tool and work support relative longitudinal
and lateral movements constructed and arranged to cause said tool to cut a
longitudinal groove upon the inner face of said bearing, of a length less than the
length of said bearing, substantially as described.
2. The combination with a cutting tool arranged to project within the bearing
to be grooved, and a work support upon which said bearing is held, of connected
mechanisms operating to impart a longitudinal reciprocation to the tool, through
said bearing, and a lateral reciprocation to the work support, to move the inner face
of said bearing towards and from the cutting end of said tool, substantially as
described.
3. The combination with a cutting tool arranged to project within the bearing
to be grooved, and a work support upon which said bearing is held, of connected
mechanisms arranged to impart to said tool a longitudinal reciprocation through
said bearing, and to reciprocate said work support laterally, the movement of
the work support in one direction being to a fixed point and in the opposite
direction to a progressively advancing point, substantially as described.
4. The combination with a cutting tool arranged to project within the bearing
to be grooved, of connected mechanism constructed and arranged to impart to
said cutting tool and the bearing to be grooved relative longitudinal and lateral

page_text: movements; and controlling the relative lateral movement of the tool and bearing
to be grooved, so that the bearing to be grooved will be engaged by the cutting
point of the tool at a point removed from one end of the bearing, and the bearing.
be removed from the cutting point of the tool before the cutting tool reaches the
other end of the bearing, substantially as described.
5. The combination with a cutting tool arranged to project within the bearing
to be grooved, and a work support upon which said bearing 'is held, of means to
impart to said work support a reciprocating motion to a fixed point in one direction
and to a progressively advancing point in the opposite direction, substantially as
described.
6. The combination with a cutting tool arranged to project within the bearing
to be grooved, and a work support upon which said bearing is held, of connected
mechanism operating automatically to impart cutting movements to said tool
and to advance and retract the work support and work toward and from the cutting
point of the tool, substantially as described.
7. The combination with a work support, of a lever and connected mechanisms
to actuate the same, and means to impart to said lever a fixed throw in one
direction and a progressively increased throw in the opposite direction, substantially
as described.
8. The combination with a work support and a lever and connections for actuating
the same, of means to actuate said lever, and a progressively movable connection
between said lever and its actuating means, substantially as described.
9. The combination with a work support, and a lever and connections for
actuating the same, of mechanism to actuate said lever, and means to progressively
advance the point of connection between the lever and its actuating mechanism
towards the center of movement of said lever, substantially as described.
10. The combination with a movable work support, of a lever and connections for
actuating the work support, a second lever, a movable connection between the
second lever and the lever which actuates the work support, and means to actuate
said second lever, substantially as described.
11. The combination with a work support and a pair of oppositely arranged.
levers for actuating the same, of a movable connection between said levers, and
means to advance said movable connection away from the fulcrum of one lever
and towards the fulcrum of the other, substantially as described.
12. The combination with the work support, of a pair of oppositely arranged
levers for actuating the same, a pair of pivotally connected sliding blocks con-
necting said levers, and means for advancing said blocks along the levers, sub-
stantially as described.
13. The combination with a work support, of a pair of oppositely arranged levers
for actuating the same, a pair of pivotally connected blocks arranged to slide along
said levers and a pawl and ratchet mechanism for advancing said blocks along
the levers, substantially as described.
14. The combination with a pair of oppositely arranged levers, and a pair of
pivotally connected sliding blocks connecting the same, of a rack and pinion for
advancing said blocks along said lever, substantially as described.
15. The combination with a cutting tool arranged to project within the bearing
to be grooved, and a work support upon which said bearing is held, of connected
mechanism operating to impart a relative longitudinal movement to the tool and
work support, and a relative lateral reciprocation to a fixed point in one direction
and to a progressively advancing point in the opposite direction, substantially as
described.
16. The combination with a cutting tool arranged to project within the bearing
to be grocved, and a work support upon which said bearing is held, of connected
mechanism acting to impart to said tool and work support relative longitudinal
and lateral movement constructed and arranged to advance said work towards the
cutting point of the tool and to cause said tool to cut a longitudinal groove upon

page_text: the inner face of said bearing, of a length less than the length of said bearing, and
means to stop the advance of the work at a predetermined point, substantially as
described.
T
L
1
To
1000
WM BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.