An Improved Combined Saw and Planer.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Aug., 1893-Accepted, 21st Oct., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Combined Saw and Planer.
We, JOHN BOWLES, of 1321 F Street, Washington, District of Columbia,
Gentleman, and CORNELIUS SMITH MITCHILL, of 545-549 West 22nd Street,
New York, in the State of New York, Gentleman, both in the United States of
America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
Our present invention relates to a combined saw and planer in which the teeth
are so constructed and organized that the surfaces of the log or wood are planed or
smoothed while in the act of sawing the same into boards or pieces, and thus save
the time, labor and expense required to rehandle the wood after it has been sawed
besides preventing waste of the wood in saw dust and shavings, which is very
desirable when working hard, expensive woods.
By this invention, we produce a saw and planer which is well adapted for all
practical purposes to the sawing and planing of logs in the rough, unseasoned
timber, and resinous woods which heretofore it has been well nigh impossible to
plane or smooth during the sawing operation, as well as to working hard expensive
woods in which it is desirable to avoid undue waste of material.
The invention contemplates, first, the novel construction of the cutting tooth
whereby it is also adapted to partially plane or smooth the surfaces of the wood
while sawing across the fibres or grain of the same.
The invention further consists in the combination with the cutting teeth, of a
series of planer teeth arranged alternately with respect to the cutter teeth. In the
preferred embodiment of our invention, the planing teeth are not made as long as
the cutting teeth, or in other words, the outer extremities of the planer teeth
terminate within the path cut by the working or tearing edges of the cutter teeth,
to prevent the planer teeth from cutting across the fibre or grain of the wood.
The adjacent planer and cutter teeth constitute one group or pair of teeth, of which
a large number are provided around the periphery of the saw blade; and to secure
greater efficiency of the planer teeth, the working surfaces of said planer teeth
are inclined or canted at an acute angle and in one direction to a radius of the
saw blade while the working face of the cutter tooth of said group is inclined
in the other direction to the same radius of the saw blade as will be presently
specified.
The invention further consists in the peculiar arrangement and construction of
parts which will be hereinafter fully described and pointed out in the claims.
Our improvements are equally well adapted to a solid plate saw and to a saw
using insertible teeth; and in the annexed drawings, forming a part of this
Specification, we have illustrated the invention adapted to both forms of the saw
and will hereinafter specifically describe such adaptations.
In said drawings,
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a portion of a saw having insertible planer and
cutter teeth embodying our invention.
Figure 2 is a solid plate saw having our cutter and planer teeth.
Figure 3 is a sectional view through a saw plate having our insertible cutter
tooth fitted therein.
Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, are detached detail views of my cutter tooth provided
with a right-angled or square incision point and a lateral or side shaving and
paring edge, and
Figure 10 is a section through the solid plate saw shown in Figure 2, and on the
plane indicated by the dotted line x-x of said Figure 2.

page_text: Figure 11 is a view of a modified form of our invention.
Figure 12 is a side view of a modified form of cutter-tooth having a central rib
on its side face.
Like letters of reference denote corresponding parts in the several figures of
the drawings.
Referring more particularly to Figures 2 and 10, A, B, designate a series of
cutting teeth and D, E, are a series of planer teeth being arranged between the
cutting teeth and alternating therewith.
"
"
The adjacent pairs of cutter and planer teeth constitute what we shall hereafter
designate as a group or pair of teeth, each group comprising one planer tooth
and one cutting tooth; thus the teeth A, D, form one group, the teeth B, E, a
second group; A, D, a third group, and so on entirely around the periphery of the
saw blade. The cutter teeth project further beyond the periphery of the saw
blade than the planer teeth, or in other words, the outer extremity of cach planer
tooth terminates within the path described by the working incision or tearing
edges a of the cutter teeth to prevent the planer teeth from coming in contact
with the cross grain or fibres of the wood and thus prevent said planer teeth
from being unduly heated while the saw is in operation. Each cutter tooth has a
front working surface within the tearing or incision point a, and likewise each
planer tooth has a similar working face c; but in order to increase the efficiency
of the planer tooth, the angle or inclination of its working face is reversed to
that of the working face of the adjacent cutter tooth; for instance, let the dotted
line Z, Z, of Figure 2 represent a radius of the saw blade extending between the
teeth of the group B, E, and it will be seen that the face c of the planer tooth E
is inclined toward the left hand of the dotted line while the face of the cutter
tooth B is inclined toward the right hand of said line, and, furthermore, it will be
seen that the angle of the face c of the planer tooth to the line Z, is greater than
the inclination of the face b of the cutter tooth to said line.
C
Each cutter tooth has its tearing or incision edge a made square or at right
angles to the face of the tooth and the saw blade, and within this cutting edge a
the face b of the cutter tooth is beveled or inclined at d so as to throw or project one
side edge in advance of the other, and thereby form a shaving or paring edge f
which projects laterally beyond one face of the tooth.
This planer tooth of the group or pair to which it belongs has its front face c
likewise beveled at d to provide the planer edge g, the hevel d' extending in the
same direction as the bevel d of the fellow cutter tooth and the planing edges f, g,
of the cutter and planing teeth of the group extending in the same direction to one
side of said teeth. The groups of teeth have their planing edges f, g, extending
in opposite directions beyond the plane of the saw blade; thus the group A, D,
have their edges f, g, extending from the right hand side of the blade, the
group B, E, have the edges f, g, projecting to the left band side of the blade; the
following group A, D, have their edges f, g, projecting to the right hand side of
the blade in a similar way to the group A, D, and so on.
As the cutter teeth are relied upon to do all the work in severing the boards of
the log, we are enabled to extend the planer edges g of the planer teeth further
beyond the vertical axis or the lateral face of the blade than the shaving edges f
of the cutter teeth; and in operation, the edges f of the cutter teeth serve to
partially smooth the faces of the wood and the planer edges g of the planer teeth
act to give a smoother finish to the wood than can be secured by the shaving edges
of the cutter teeth alone, which is very desirable in sawing and planing hard
expensive woods.
In Figure 11, we have shown another embodiment of my invention in which the
alternate planer and cutting teeth have their lateral shaving or paring edges
projected in opposite directions; thus the paring edge of the tooth A. is set to the
right, the next tooth D has its edge set to the left, the tooth B is set to the right,
and so on.
Referring now more particularly to Figure 1 and to Figures 8 and 9, inclusive,

page_text: we illustrate the saw provided with insertible teeth which have all the charac-
teristics of the cutter and planer teeth hereinbefore described and which are
arranged in a similar manner. In Figure 1, A, B, are the cutter teeth, each of
which is locked or secured to the saw plate in any suitable or desirable manner,
which, however, forms no part of the present invention. The cutter teeth are
represented in detail in Figures 4 to 9, inclusive, the same having the square or
right angled incision point a at the apex of the tooth, and the transverse bevel d
on the working face thereof to advance or throw one edge f of the tooth in front
of the other edge thereof. As is usual, the outer or top edge of the tooth is beveled
or inclined rearwardly from the incision point a toward the heel to give the outer
part of the tooth sufficient clearance in the work, and the lateral faces of the tooth
are beveled or inclined from the front working face 6 of the tooth toward the rear
neutral face thereof so that the shaving or paring edge at the front of the tooth
is adapted to have the necessary or desirable contact with the faces of the wood as
the saw cuts through the same.
The front face of the insertible cutter tooth may be curved longitudinally, as
shown in Figures and 6, or said face may be straight as in Figure 7.
The operation and advantages of our invention will be readily understood and
appreciated by those skilled in the art, from the foregoing description taken in
connection with the drawing.
In order to steady the running of the saw, particularly where a large saw is used
and it is necessary to give the boards very smooth surfaces, we provide the insertible
cutting tooth with a central ridge on both sides of the teeth, which are formed
by beveling the side faces of the tooth from the middle toward the front and rear
edges of the tooth, but the general inclination of the sides of the tooth is preferably
from the front working face toward the neutral face of the tooth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :
1. In a combined saw and planer, the planer and cutting teeth arranged in
groups, each group having its cutting tooth and its planer tooth provided with
shaving or paring edges on one side thereof, as and for the purpose described.
2. In a combined saw and planer, the planer and cutting teeth arranged in
groups, the teeth of each group provided with shaving or paring edges on one
side thereof and the shaving edge of the planer tooth projecting farther beyond
the axis of the saw blade than the corresponding edge of the cutter tooth, said
cutting tooth of each group being longer than the planer tooth, as and for the
purpose described.
3. In a combined saw and planer, the planer and cutting teeth arranged in
groups, and the teeth of each group provided with a lateral shaving or paring
edge on one side thereof, and the planer tooth of each group having its working
face lying at a backward angle to the radius of the saw blade and the corresponding
face of the cutting tooth inclined forward of said radius, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
4. In a combined saw and planer, the planer and cutting teeth arranged
alternately with relation to each other and each pair or group of teeth being
provided on one side with lateral planing or shaving edges and the adjacent group
or pair of teeth having similar edges on the other side, each pair or group being
formed by one planer tooth and one cutting tooth, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
5. In a combined saw and planer, the alternate cutting and planing teeth
arranged in groups, one group of teeth being set to one side of the plane of the
saw blade and the adjacent groups being set to the other side of the plane of the
saw blade, for the purpose described.
6. In a saw, the tooth having the square incision point at the apex thereof and
provided on one side with the laterally-extended shaving or paring edge, the sides

page_text: of the tooth being converged from the front working face toward the neutral part
of the tooth, substantially as and for the purpose described.
7. The saw tooth having its front working face inclined or beveled from one
side to the other to advance one edge thereof, and the right angled or square
incision point above said beveled surface, one or both sides of the tooth being
inclined inwardly from the front working face to the rear neutral edge of the same;
substantially as and for the purpose described.
8. A saw tooth having the shaving or paring edge within the cutting point
thereof and provided with the central ridge on the side thereof designed to steady
the saw, as and for the purpose described.
Dated this 26th day of July 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.