Improvements in constructing Cement or the like Pavements,. Floors, Platforms, or other Surfaces or Structures.
Year: 1891

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in constructing Cement or the like Pavements,.
Floors, Platforms, or other Surfaces or Structures.
I FRANKLIN HAINES of 21 State Street in the City County and State of New.
York United States of America, Treasurer of the Empire Paving and Construc-
tion Company of New York (at present residing at the Hotel Metropole
London, W.C.) do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to certain improvements in constructing cement or the like
pavements floors platforms walls and other surfaces or structures and the first part
of my present improvements which I will describe with reference to Sheet 1
(Figures 1 to 7) of the drawings hereunto annexed relates more particularly to
that class of artificial pavements et cetera in which so called binder bars or plates
are used by which the different courses or layers of which the paving block et cetera
is composed are firmly united and the general strength of the pavement et cetera
increased.
For the sake of brevity I will proceed to describe my invention as applied to the
construction of artificial stone block pavements."
•
The distinctive novelty of the first part of my said improvements consists in the
construction and application of one or more perforated binder bars or plates of
straight or other shape which are set on edge in the lower or concrete course of the
block and which extend into the top layer or wearing course of the block so as to
unite by the setting or solidification of the two courses the block and binders
into a solid mass of which the binder bars or plates form an integral part of the
black as will be hereinafter more fully described and finally defined in the first
five claims hereof.
Referring to Sheet 1 of the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portion of my improved artificial pavement
showing the binder bars embedded in the layers or courses of the same.
Figure 2 is a plan view of a block showing the position of the binder arms in
the same.
Figures 3 and 5 are top views of different modified forms of binder bars.
Figure 4 is a side elevation of the simplest form of binder bar employed and
Figures 6 and 7 are cross sections of still other modifications of my improved
binder bar for artificial stone blocks.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout on Sheet 1
of the annexed drawings.
Referring only to said Sheet 1 of the drawings a represents a binder bar which
is constructed of iron or other suitable metal advantageously from of an inch to
2 inches in width and about of an inch in thickness more or less according to
circumstances. The binder bar a may be made either of straight shape as shown
in Figures 2 and 4 or of undulating or zig-zag shape as shown respectively in
Figures, 3 and 5.
The binder bars may be bent over at their upper and lower edges in opposite
direction to each other or made of double T-shaped cross section as shown in
Figures 6 and 7 so as to form flanges al or still other forms of bars may be employed
is many different shapes of binder bars may be devised.
The binder bars a are provided with holes or perforations.b in the body of the
ame and are embedded into the block while the same is in course of construction
by being placed on edge in such a manner that the base and top courses or layers
un into the holes of the binders..and interlock with the same in the setting or
solidification of the mass.
=
"

page_text: For smaller blocks one or two binder bars may be employed while for larger
blocks the number of binder bars may be increased they being arranged parallel
with each other or not as desired.
Any suitable material may be used for making my improved artificial pavements
but advantageously cement in combination with broken stone coarse grit sand
et cetera the block being formed or constructed on a suitable foundation on which
the lower course of concrete is laid or spread. The binder bars however can be
used in combination with other paving material if desired.
The binder bar or bars are set on edge into the base course a the remaining
portion of the binder bars extending above the lower course. The top layer or
course e is then added the same being of a soft plastic character that enters freely
into the openings of the binder bars so as to interlock therewith on the setting of
the mass. By the setting or solidifying of the two courses the binder bars become
an integral part of the block and form a bond of great strength between the
same.
The binders act as a means for strengthening the connection between the upper
and lower courses and increase greatly the strength of the block so as to withstand
crushing or tensile strains or any upward pressure and increase the strength and
wearing capacity of the block. When binders with bent over or T-shaped flanges
are used the strength of the block is still more increased as thereby besides the
connection of the two layers or courses of the block in longitudinal direction also
the rigid anchoring of the binder into the block in addition to the anchoring
produced by the entering of the mass through the holes of the binder is obtained.
The second part of my present invention relates to certain improvements in
which is employed a binder of a peculiar and somewhat different construction
to that just previously described and by means of which the pavement or other
structural work et cetera is enabled to withstand a considerable pressure or strain
and by means of which blocks of smaller or larger size can be readily
-constructed and this part of my present invention consists in constructing
artificial pavements or other structural work et cetera formed of cement or other
like suitable material and provided with a binder or binders composed of interlocking
metallic binder bars or plates-which I will now also describe with reference to
paving as before said plates or bars being set on edge in the block and made to
interlock at or near their centre and at right angles or other suitable angle according
to the shape and size of the block.
I will now describe and refer exclusively to Sheet 2 of the drawings hereunto
annexed.
In Sheet 2 of the accompanying drawings
Figure 8 represents a perspective view of two interlocking binder bars or plates
shown in the act of interlocking with each other.
Figure 9 is an underside plan of a block showing the binder bars embedded
therein.
...
Figure 10 is a perspective view showing a modified construction of the binder
bars or plates.
:. :
-
Figure 11 is a top view or plan of a paving block with the modified form of
binders shown in Figure 10 embedded therein.
Figure 12 is a perspective view of still another form of binder.
Figure 13 represents detail side views of the individual binder bars or plates of
which the modified form shown in Figure 12 is composed and
Figure 14 is a vertical transverse section of a block or portion of pavement and
foundation thereof showing the arrangement of the binders in the same.
Similar letters of reference- indicate corresponding parts throughout on Sheet 2
of the drawings annexed.
Referring to Sheet 2 only artificial stone blocks or pavements according to this
second part of my present invention are constructed on a foundation formed in any
suitable manner for instance the lower layer or stratum may be composed of broken

page_text: stones rubble stone or building stone on which a layer of broken stones of smaller
size is placed which layer may be covered by a layer of clean cinders.
When the foundation heretofore described has been thoroughly wetted and rolled
or rammed the pavement proper is constructed which is formed of two layers or
courses, a base course a made of concrete and a top or wearing course 6 of cement
or other suitable materials.
A binder d of peculiar construction is partly embedded in the lower or base
course by being set on edge into the same after which the top course of the block is
applied. The binder is constructed either of intersecting binder bars d d as
shown in Figure 8 which bars are recessed at or near their centre as at d³ Figure 8
so as to interlock with each other and which are advantageously perforated so that
the cement or composition of which the pavement is composed can pass through the
perforations and produce the rigid "keying" or uniting of the bars or plates with
the upper and lower courses.
For square blocks the binder plates are arranged at right angles or thereabouts
to each other and extended either diagonally towards the corners of the block as
shown in Figure 9 or crosswise as desired. For larger blocks of oblong or other
shape it is advantageous to use binder bars or plates of V-shape or zig-zag shape
which interlock with each other at or near their centre as shown in Figure 10. In
this case the binder plates do not necessarily intersect at right angles but at any
suitable angle for instance as shown in Figures 10 and 11.
Instead of recessing the interlockfig edges of the binder plates one binder plate
may be provided with a slot d of sufficient length at its centre while the other has
recesses at both sides of its centre so that when the recessed plate d' is passed
through the slot of the plate d until the recesses arrive in line with the slot the
recessed plate is turned on its axis so as to be placed on edge in which position it
interlocks with the slotted binder plate as shown clearly in Figure 12.
In forming the paving blocks or slabs of which the pavement is composed these:
binder plates are partially embedded into the lower or concrete course before the
same has set or hardened and is still in a plastic state the binder plates being set
on edge into the same.
"
The upper layer or wearing course is then cast poured or worked around each '
binder so that the latter is firmly united with the layers of the block when the
setting or solidification of the two courses is accomplished. The binding bars
become then an integral part of the blocks and form a bond of great strength
between the same. The binder imparts great resisting power against crushing and
tensile strain as well as upward pressure and adds to the wearing capacity of the
blocks while it serves also as means for firmly uniting the two courses of the block
so as to increase the strength and resisting power of the same.
The entire binder may be pressed down into the lower course of concrete or one
of the binder plates may be first pressed into the same and then the other-care
being taken that they interlock properly at their points of intersection.
B
For some purposes one or more of my improved binder bars (as shown both in
Sheets 1 and 2 of the drawings annexed) may be embedded into the body of-the
structural work (of either one or more courses) as for instance in constructing walls,
monuments, some construction of floors, arches, steps, or other purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. An artificial pavement floor platform or other surface or structure constructed
of cement or other materials having embedded therein a metallic binder bar or
plate provided with perforations in the body thereof substantially as and for the
purposes hereinbefore set forth with reference to Sheet 1 of the drawings hereunto
annexed.
2. An artificial pavement floor platform or other surface or structure constructed
of cement or other materials having embedded therein metallic binder bars or plates
'

page_text: "
parallel or otherwise which are provided with perforations in the body thereof sub-
stantially as for the purposes hereinbefore set forth with reference to Sheet 1 of the
-drawings hereunto annexed.
3. An artificial pavement floor platform or other surface or structure constructed
of cement or other materials having embedded therein metallic binder bars or plates
provided with perforations in the bodies thereof and with bent over flanges at the
upper and lower edges substantially as and for the purposes herein before set forth
with reference to Figures 6 and 7 of drawings hereunto annexed.
4. An artificial pavement floor platform or other surface or structure constructed
of cement or other materials formed of two or more layers or courses and having
embedded therein metallic binder bars or plates which are provided with perforations
said binder bars or plates extending from the base course or inner layer into the top
course or outer layer so as to firmly unite said layers substantially as and for the
purposes hereinbefore set forth with reference to Figures 6 and 7 of drawings
hereunto annexed.
5. An artificial pavement floor platform or other surface or structure constructed
of cement or other materials having embedded therein metallic binder bars or plates
provided with openings in the body thereof and with flanges at the upper and lower
edges said binder bars extending from the base or inner layer into the top or outer
layer or course substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth with
reference to Figures 6 and 7 of drawings hereunto annexed.
6. An artificial pavement floor platform or other surface or structure constructed
of cement or other materials having embedded therein metallic binder bars or plates
adapted to interlock at or near their centre substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore set forth with reference to Sheet 2 of the drawings hereunto annexed.
7. An artificial pavement floor platform or other surface or structure constructed
of cement or other materials having embedded therein metallic binder bars or plates
adapted to interlock at any suitable angle to each other substantially as and for the
purposes hereinbefore set forth with reference to Sheet 2 of the drawings hereunto
annexed.
8. An artificial pavement floor platform or other surface or structure constructed
of cement or other materials having embedded therein metallic binding bars or
plates made of V-shaped form said V-shaped binder plates being interlocked at
any suitable angle to one another substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
-set forth with reference to Sheet 2 of the drawings hereunto annexed.
Dated this 7th day of September 1891
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
34, Sonthampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Patentee.