IMPROVEMENTS IN STABLE FITTINGS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hallen Cottam and Henry Richard Cottam,
of the St. Pancras Iron Works, Old St. Pancras Road, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STABLE FITTINGS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hallen Cottam
and Henry Richard Cottam at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents,, with their Petition, on the 31st October 1857.
We, GEORGE HALLEN COTTAM and HENRY RICHARD COTTAM, of the
St. Pancras Iron Works, Old St. Pancras Road, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STABLE FITTINGS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in stable fittings. For these
purposes, in constructing gutters wrought-iron is used, which is rolled into
the proper lengths and sizes, bent near the edges so as to produce ledges
for the covers, when covers are to be used, and then the iron is rolled into the
hollow or gutter form. When making such gutters of malleable cast iron,
they are first cast in the forms desired, and then rendered malleable in the
ordinary manner, and as is well understood. If cast, as heretofore, of ordinary
cast iron, in place of using them in such state they are first annealed, so as
to render them more tough. In making the covers for such gutters, the
narrow plates are of wrought iron, and are rolled or formed with one surface
roughed, suitable for a horse to stand on, and such plates or covers are
perforated with numerous holes. When making such gutter covers of

page_text: malleable cast iron, they are cast of the form desired with one rough surface
and holes through at proper intervals, and such castings are then converted or
rendered malleable in the ordinary manner resorted to for rendering articles
of such iron malleable. If common cast iron be used for the covers, they are
cast of such metal and then annealed in order to render them tough.
In making stable or gutter pots and their covers, they are made of wrought
iron, or of malleable cast iron or of 'cast iron annealed, as described in respect
to the gutters.
In making iron partition posts for the stalls and loose boxes of stables,
they are made of wrought iron, hollow on the inside, and with a suitable foot
and head of cast or wrought iron, to be fixed by concrete to the ground; they
may be made cylindrical or tapering, or with several sides, and it is preferred
that the edges of the plates should not come together for part of their lengths,
but have an opening in each case to receive the ends of the partitions, and
that the edges for that purpose should be bent outwards, so as to come on
either side of the partition fixed thereto. Or, such posts are made of malleable
cast iron, by casting them of the desired form of that metal, and then
converting them into the malleable state in the ordinary manner in which
articles of such metal are usually converted. If they be cast of common cast
iron, then they are annealed to render them tough. The capping or ramps
of the partitions, also the sills and intermediate sills, are made by rolling
wrought iron with grooves or recesses of the desired. sections by means of
suitable rollers; or they may be cast of malleable cast iron and then converted
into malleable iron. When common cast iron is employed then the articles
are annealed. In constructing iron and metal brackets for saddles and other
parts of harness, they are made with perforations through the bearing parts
in order to ventilate and admit air to the damp saddles or other parts of
harness placed thereon, and in making girth brackets the succeeding hooks or
bearing parts are made to project more and more, so that the several girths
may hang separate and at a distance from each other. The articles thus
made it is preferred should be galvanized. In making the rings, attached to
the head stalls of stables, we make them so that the ring drops flush into a
metal bed; the advantage is, they offer no projection.
Instead of making mangers of cast iron, and enamelling or glazing. them,
as has hitherto been done, we make them of wrought iron and enamel or
glaze them; we also make the top plates of wrought iron, or wrought iron
and enamel, or glaze them, or cast iron and enamel, or glaze them, instead of
cast iron, as has hitherto been done, preferring the former methods.
When we make these mangers and plates of malleable cast iron; they are

page_text: first cast in forms, as desired, and then rendered malleable in the ordinary
manner, or cast as heretofore, and in place of using them in such state they
are first annealed to render them more tough.
In making mangers and stable fittings of wrought instead of cast iron,
many accidents may be prevented from the less brittle nature of the former
material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Hallen Cottam and Henry Richard Cottam in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
HALLEN COTTAM and HENRY RICHARD COTTAM, of the St. Pancras Iron
Works, Old St. Pancras Road, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said George Hallen Cottam and Henry Richard Cottam, Her special
licence that we, the said George Hallen Cottam and Henry Richard Cottam,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
George Hallen Cottam and Henry Richard Cottam, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend; within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STABLE FITTINGS,"
upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that we, the said George Hallen Cottam and Henry
Richard Cottam, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of
us or then, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within 'six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Hallen Cottam and Henry
Richard Cottam, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-.,

page_text: This Invention has for its object improvements in stable nttings. For these
purposes, in constructing gutters wrought iron is used, which is rolled into the
proper lengths and sizes, bent near the edges so as to produce ledges for the
covers when covers are to be used, and then the iron is rolled into the hollow
or gutter form. When making such gutters of malleable cast iron, they are
first cast in the form desired, and then rendered malleable in the ordinary
manner, and as is well understood. If cast as heretofore of ordinary cast iron,
in place of using them in such state they are first annealed, so as to render
them more tough. In making the covers for such gutters the narrow plates
are of wrought iron, and are rolled or formed with one surface roughed
suitable for a horse to stand on, and such plates or covers are perforated with
numerous holes..
When making such gutter covers of malleable cast iron, they are cast of
the form desired, with one rough surface, and holes through at proper
intervals; and such castings are then converted or rendered malleable in
the ordinary manner resorted to for rendering articles of such iron malleable.
If common cast iron be used for the covers, they are cast of such metal and
then annealed in order to render them tough.
Figure of the annexed Drawings is a plan of parts of a stable gutter and
cover suitable for being laid in with the paving of a stable, and flush or nearly
so with the surface of the same, as similar gutters of ordinary cast iron
unannealed have before been employed.
Figure 2 is a transverse section taken through Figure 1. In rolling gutters
of this description the iron is rolled, as is well understood, into a long strip or
thin bar, corresponding in width with the size of gutter to be produced, and
thickened at towards its edges on the side which is to form the exterior of
the gutter, in such a manner that when the strip or bar is passed through the
finishing eye of the rolls, its thickened edges may be reduced to the section
shewn in the Drawing; afterwards the finished strip or bar is bent up so as to
form a gutter by means of a pair of rollers, the lower one of which has
a groove formed in it of the form of the exterior of the gutter, and is driven
by steam or other power; the upper roller of the pair corresponds in form to
the interior of the gutter, and is mounted in a frame which turns at one end
on an axis, so that the upper roller can, when desired, be raised away from the
lower roller; one end of the bar or strip to be bent is laid on the lower roller
when the upper one is so raised, and then the upper roller is brought down on
the end, and by a leng lever this roller is forced downwards, so as to bend the
end of the strip or bar into the groove of the lower roller, which is then
caused to revolve so as to cause the strip or bar to pass between the roller, and

page_text: in the passage to be bent to the required form, or the forming operation may
be conducted in any other convenient manner. The method of rolling the
gutter covers does not require a detailed description; the holes at a, a, are
made by drilling or punching. If only a comparatively small length of a
particular form of gutter or gutter cover is required, it becomes more con-
venient to form them in malleable cast iron; the articles are cast in the metal
known as malleable cast iron, and are afterwards rendered malleable by
heating them in contact with iron ore or other substance, as is well understood
and commonly practised in the manufacture of other articles....
... In order to produce an article that can be made when malleable cast iron.
is used, we cast the gutters and covers in ordinary cast iron as heretofore, and
while they are still red hot remove them to an annealing kiln, similar to those
used for annealing glass and other purposes; the articles are introduced at the
end of the kiln nearest the furnace, and are kept at a low red heat for several
hours, and they are gradually passed on, as other articles are put into the kiln,
to a greater and greater distance from the furnace, until they are ultimately
withdrawn at the other end of the kiln in a comparatively cool state.
Gutters and gutter covers constructed by either of the methods above
described, will be much less liable to break than the ordinary cast-iron gutters
and gutter covers.
Figure 3 is a view of a gutter similar to that shewn at Figure 2, with the
addition of wings b at its bottom, by which the gutter is more firmly fixed in
its place. These wings are three or four inches wide, and are attached at
distances of two or three feet.
In making stable or gutter pots and there covers, they are made of wrought
iron, or of malleable cast iron, or of cast iron annealed, as described in respect
to the gutters. Figure 4 is a plan, and Figure 5 is a vertical section of
a stable or gutter pot with its cover. The pot, when made of wrought iron, is
rivetted together at the angles, and has a rim rivetted round its upper edge to.
retain the cover, which is formed from a piece of iron plate of suitable size and
thickness; it is raised or dished by hammering to the form shewn at Figure 5,
and is afterwards drilled or punched and made suitable by projections or
otherwise, to prevent horses slipping, as is shown by the plan, Figure 4.
When these articles are formed of malleable cast iron or of cast iron annealed,
the
processes of manufacture are in all respects the same as those described
with respect to the gutters and gutter covers.
In making iron partition posts for the stalls and loose boxes of stables, they.
are made of wrought iron hollow on the inside, and with a suitable foot and
head of cast or wrought iron, to be fixed by concrete to the ground; they may

page_text: be made cylindrical or tapering or with several sides, and it is preferred that
the edges of the plates should not come together for part of their lengths, but
have an opening in each case to receive the ends of the partitions, and that
the edges for that purpose should be bent outwards, so as to come on either
side of the partition fixed thereto. Or, such posts are made of malleable cast
iron, by casting them of the desired form of that metal, and then converting
them into the malleable state, in the ordinary manner in which, articles
of such metal are usually converted. If they be cast of common cast iron,
then they are annealed to render them tough. The capping or ramps of the
partitions, also the sills and intermediate sills, are made by rolling wrought
iron with grooves or recesses of the desired sections by means of suitable
rollers; or they may be cast of malleable cast iron and then converted into
malleable iron. When common cast iron is employed, then the articles are
annealed. Figure 6 is a side view, partly in section, of the partition of a stall,
shewing the parts to which our Invention applies. a is the partition post;
b is the capping or ramp; c is the bottom sill. Figure 7 is a side view of a
partition in which an intermediate sill d is employed.
Figure 8 is a vertical section, on an enlarged scale, of part of a post a,
constructed partly of wrought iron, according to our Invention; and Figure 9
is a transverse section of the same. A is a tube of wrought iron, formed of
plate of about one-quarter of an inch in thickness. This tube is completely
closed up at its ends, but may be left open in the space from the bottom sill
to the ramp or capping, as is shewn at Figure 9, so that the planks of wood
of which the partition is formed may enter between the edges of the plate of
which the tube is formed; or longitudinal lips may be rivetted or fastened on
to the post of a suitable form to receive the partition. B is the foot, and C
is the head, which are formed by casting iron on to the ends of the tube A.
For this purpose a mould is prepared in sand, or otherwise, from a complete
post, and into this mould a tube A is laid, it having previously been stopped
at its ends by loam or sand. The metal is. then run into the mould, and the
foot and head produced, or heads and footings of either wrought or cast metal
can be otherwise fastened on. Figure 10 is a portion of a vertical section,,
taken at the line 1, 1, Figure 6, and shews the sectional forms of the ramp or
cap, and of the bottom sill. These parts are, both of wrought iron, rolled in
the ordinary manner. The forms are such that no detailed description of the
method of conducting the rolling operation is necessary. Figure 11 is a
portion of a vertical section, taken at the line 2, 2, Figure 7; it shews the
sectional forms of the intermediate sill, and of the ramp or cap employed in
that arrangement; Figures 10 and 11 shew the parts of their full size. The

page_text: grooved bars are curved or bent to a form suitable for ramps, either when in ȧ
heated or cold state, by hydraulic or other mechanical pressure, or by the
usual means for bending bars of iron, the hydrostatic pressure being preferred
as most convenient; or they may be bent to a suitable form by placing them
on a mould as they come from the rolls in a heated state.
When we form partition or stall posts, ramps or caps, and sills of malleable
cast iron, or of cast iron annealed, we proceed in a similar manner to
that which we have before described respecting the manufacture of other
articles.
In constructing iron and metal brackets for saddles and other parts of
harness, they are made with perforations through the bearing parts, in order
to ventilate and admit air to the parts of saddles, pads, or, other portions of
the harness that come in contact with the horse and become damp by
perspiration, or wet from rain, or other cause; and in making girth
brackets, the succeeding hooks or bearing parts are made to project more and
more, so that the several girths may hang separate and at a distance from
each other. The articles thus made, it is preferred, should be galvanized.
Figure 12 is a side view, Figure 13 is a plan, and Figure 14 is a transverse
section, of a saddle bracket, formed according to our Invention, with a per-
foration or opening through the bearing parts. Figures 15, 16, and 17 shew
similar views of a pad bracket, also formed with perforations, according to our
Invention; Figure 18 is a side view of a bracket for girths or other parts of
harness, having a series of hooks, each succeeding one of which projects beyond-
the one below it, as above described.
In making the rings attached to the head stalls of stables, we make them
so that the ring drops flush into a metal bed; the advantage is, they offer no
projection.
Figure 19 is a front view, and Figure 20 is a vertical section of a ring,
constructed according to our Invention. a is the ring; b is the loop bolt, by
which it is fixed to a wall or other surface; c is the metal bed. .
Instead of making mangers of cast iron and enamelling or glazing them as
has hitherto been done, we make them of wrought iron, an enamel or glaze
them. The rough iron plate of which the manger is made is rivetted up at
the angles, or is welded or otherwise joined; and the manger is furnished
with flanges at its upper edge, by which it is fixed to the top plate. The
operations of enamelling and glazing are conducted in a similar manner to
that in which other articles of wrought iron have hereto been enamelled
and glazed. We also make the top plates of wrought iron, and for this purpose
we prefer to employ plate iron, one quarter of an inch thick, which we bend

page_text: to the form of an ordinary top plate, and cut out the opening for the mangers
by a punching machine; and afterwards we cut the edges smooth by means of
shears. Top plates of this description we sometimes enamel and glaze, to
remove all liability to corrosion. Sometimes also we enamel and glaze the
ordinary top plates of cast iron, and
glazing processes proper to cast iron.
plates of malleable cast iron, they are
casting manger plates of ordinary cast
in the ordinary manner; or we cast the top plates from ordinary cast iron, as
heretofore, and in place of using them in such state they are first annealed, to
render them more tough, by passing them through an annealing furnace, in
the manner already described.
then we employ the enamelling and
When we make these mangers and
first cast in forms, as desired, as when
iron, and they are rendered malleable
In making mangers and stable fittings of wrought instead of cast iron,
many accidents may be prevented from the less brittle nature of the former
material...
In witness whereof, we, the said George Hallen Cottam and Henry
Richard Cottam, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Thirtieth
day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-eight.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE.
GEORGE HALLEN COTTAM. (L.S.)
HENRY RICHARD COTTAM. (L.S.)