Improvements in Destructor Furnaces.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 17th May, 1894-Accepted, 23rd June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Destructor Furnaces.
We, SAMUEL JOHNSON BEAMAN, of 96 Bewsey Road, Contractor, and JAMES
DEAS, of 35 Folly Lane, Engineer, both of Warrington in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to destructor furnaces such as are or may be employed
for the destruction of town's and similar refuse, bagasse, and other vegetable and
animal refuse or waste products. Its object is principally to ensure the complete
combustion of all the organic matter, and of the fumes arising during the process
of destruction.
In a destructor furnace constructed according to our improvements, the furnace
and heating hearth are arranged under a reverberatory arch, the hearth, over
which the matters are fed, being inclined downwards towards the furnace. Beyond
the furnace we erect a perforated bridge or screen of fire-brick or other suitable
fire resisting material through the perforations of which the hot products from the
furnace must pass, and on the other side of this screen we may arrange a dust
chamber, whence, or directly from the screen, the gases may be led either to
boilers or other devices in or by means of which they may be utilised, or direct
to the chimney.
The air necessary for the combustion may be supplied at natural pressure or
under forced draft. In either case it is supplied through the furnace bars, which
may, if desired, be kept cool by known or suitable means.
A door or doors may be provided in the front or sides of the furnace for cleaning
the fire, and doors may also be provided for removing dust from the dust chamber
I when one is used.
The material is fed upon the hearth, the opening into which is kept filled thereby
to prevent access of air over this portion of the furnace. The heat of the material
in combustion is directed by the reverberatory arch upon the material so that it is
thoroughly dried before reaching the furnace, where the combustion is consequently
very rapid. The hot gases passing through the perforated bridge or screen soon raise
it to a high temperature, and any fumes arising from the material on the hearth must
pass through or over the fire and thus be completely dissociated. The dust
chamber is advantageous is use since it permits the fumes,-if any-being longer
in contact with the hot gases and ensures their perfect cremation, besides providing
for the deposit of the dust.
One dust chamber may be used, if desired in common with two or more of the
urnaces.
Dated this 15th day of August A.D. 1893.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Destructor Furnaces.
We, SAMUEL JOHNSON BEAMAN of 96 Bewsey Road, Contractor, and JAMES
DEAS, of 35 Folly Lane, Engineer, both of Warrington in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to destructor furnaces such as are or may be employed

page_text: for the destruction of town's refuse and similar matters, bagasse and other
vegetable and animal refuse and waste products. Its object is principally to ensure
the complete combustion of all the organic matter, and of the fumes arising during
the process of combustion.
In a destructor constructed according to our improvements, the furnace grate
and heating hearth are arranged under a reverberatory arch, the hearth being
inclined downwards towards the grate. Beyond the grate we erect a perforated
fire resisting bridge or screen, through the perforations of which the hot products
from the furnace must pass, and on the other side of this bridge or screen we
may or may not arrange a dust chamber. An opening is provided at the upper
end of the inclined hearth through which the refuse or other matters to be
destroyed are fed in such a manner as to keep the opening constantly closed
thereby whilst the furnace is in operation. The refuse is thoroughly dried upon
the hearth by heat radiated from the arch and from the fire upon the grate and is
fed upon the grate from time to time by tools inserted through doors arranged at
the front or to one side of the furnace, in a thoroughly dried condition so that the
combustion rapid and more perfect than when the refuse is brought upon the
grate in a more or less damp state.
The air necessary for combustion may be supplied at atmospheric pressure or
preferably under forced draught. In either case it is supplied through the grate,
the bars of which may be kept cool by any known and suitable means.
The hot gases passing through the perforated bridge or screen soon raise the
screen to a high temperature which is maintained by the continued combustion, and
any fumes given off by the material upon the hearth must pass through the heated
screen after passing through the furnace and be thus completely burnt up.
It is advantageous to use a dust chamber in combination with the apparatus and
beyond the bridge or screen, since such a chamber permits the fumes, if there be
any, to be longer in contact with the highly heated gases and walls and ensures
their perfect combustion besides providing for the deposit of any dust carried over
from the furnace.
A complete destructor may consist of one or more furnaces or "cells," and one
dust chamber may, in case several cells are used together, be employed in common
with two or more of the cells.
We will more particularly describe our said invention with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which :-
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section, and
Figure 2, a horizontal section along the line x-x, Figure 1.
In each of the figures similar letters of reference are employed to denote similar
parts.
A is the reverberatory arch which may be constructed of or lined with fire-
bricks and which extends over the furnace grate B and the inclined hearth C.
This hearth may be more or less inclined, according to the nature of the materials
to be dealt with. For ordinary town's refuse and similar materials, for example,
the inclination of the hearth may be about 45°. Its surface may be formed to a
simple inclined plane terminating upon a short horizontal plane or parapet from
which the dried material falls upon the grate.
The upper part of the hearth communicates with the hopper or trough F,
through which the material is supplied in such a manner that the opening from F
to the hearth is always filled or stopped with the material so as to prevent the
opening becoming an outlet for the products of combustion or of the fumes
from the drying matters. As the materials fall from the inclined hearth upon the
grate, they are pushed forward from time to time as may be found requisite by the
attendant who inserts the proper tools for the purpose through a door such as G,
which may be arranged under the hearth as shewn by Figure 1, or to one or the
other side of the furnace.
The grate and fire may also be cleaned through the same door, and the doors
may be arranged or constructed in duplicate, side by side.

page_text: At the back of the grate, the inclined hearth being in front, a vertical perforate l'
fire-brick bridge or screen I is erected, through the perforations of which the
products of combustion and any unconsumed fumes from the material on the hearth.
must pass.
At the back of the perforated bridge or screen we may also construct a.
chamber J, in which any dust carried through the screen may be deposited.
Air may be supplied to the ash-pit D and thence to the furnace through the
grate by means of the conduit M, the opening from which may be controlled by the
door or damper N, and the handle O. As already hereinbefore stated, we prefer
to employ forced draught, but the air pressure will in all cases he determined by
the special conditions, as for. example by the nature or combustibility of the
materials to be destroyed.
We have in the drawings, illustrated our furnace grate as being constructed
horizontally, but we desire it to be understood that we do not limit ourselves to
this, as in some cases it may advantageously be slightly inclined.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
A destructor furnace consisting essentially of an inclined hearth, a furnace grate,
a reverberatory arch extending over the hearth and grate, and a vertical perforated
fire-brick bridge or screen, all constructed and arranged substantially as herein-
before described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 15th day of May A.D. 1894.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicants.