matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FAGGOTS OR FIRE LIGHTERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Liverati Rovedino at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st April 1873.
I, FREDERICK LIVERATI ROVEDINO, of 4, Botolph Lane, in the City of
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FAGGOTS OR FIRE LIGHTERS," to be
as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to a novel and improved construction of fire
lighter or igniter, and consists in arranging in the forms of a quadrangle
or polygons of any number of sides, four, five, six, or more portions or
separate pieces of wood or other material placed and held temporarily
alongside each other. Each piece I alternately connect or hinge at a little
distance from the top thereof to the piece of wood contiguous to it on
the one side, and at the bottom to the other piece that is situated on the
other side by means of string, wire, tin rivets, or other fastening. The
faggot or lighter is completed by expanding each piece of wood at an

page_text: angle upon that that is immediately under it, and then passing the last
end or top piece of wood underneath the first or bottom piece of wood
and securing the two ends together so as to produce the required shape
of any number of sides. The lighter may then be partially dipped in
melted pitch, rosin, or other inflammable matter, and is ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COP TUBES USED IN THE TEXTILE MANUFACTURES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Sington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
May 1873.-A communication from abroad by Michel Meunier,
formerly of Verviers, in the Kingdom of Belgium, but now of
the Rossi Woollen Factory, Schio, Venetia, in the Kingdom
of Italy.
I, ADOLPHUS SINGTON, of 5, St. Peter's Square, in the City of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancashire, Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COP TUBES USED IN THE
TEXTILE MANUFACTURES," a communication to me from abroad by Michel
Meunier, formerly of Verviers, in the Kingdom of Belgium, but now of
the Rossi Woollen Factory, Schio, Venetia, in the Kingdom of Italy,
to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to a plan for winding woollen, cotton, or other
yarns off the cops at greater speeds than usual, without breaking the
threads, while taking up but little vertical height on the frame. On a
vertical spindle of the ordinary kind which may be fixed to the frame or
may also be allowed to revolve is fitted a tubular cover.
This tube by

page_text: preference of light tin is shaped to the contour of the spindle, but
leaving an intermediate space so that it can loosely turn on the same.
It is prevented from being thrown off or dragged off the spindle by
means of a small horizontal disc, soldered or otherwise fixed at its base,
and which disc is loosely embraced by a casing soldered to the bottom of
the tube. On this loose tube tapering upwards the cop is placed, and
whenever any undue drag on the thread occurs, the tube necessarily
follows the thread and turns round on the spindle. The centrifugal force
is thereby diminished with the tendency of neighbouring threads to beat
against each other and thus get broken.
FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL INTER-COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PAS- SENGER AND GUARD, GUARD AND Guard, and GuARD AND ENGINE DRIVER
Year: 1873

page_text: 0
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Owen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
February 1873.
I, CHARLES OWEN, of 46 and 48, City Road, London,' in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL INTER-COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PAS-
SENGER AND GUARD, GUARD AND Guard, and GuARD AND ENGINE DRIVER," to be
as follows:-
Where it occurs that a foreign carriage or other carriages not fitted
with my apparatus as described in my Specification of Patent, No. 3512,
November 23rd, 1872, have to be attached to a train already so fitted,
I adopt the following means to complete the circuit of electrical com-
munication throughout the train. Two screw clips are made to clamp
on the eave of each end of the carriage, to which clips are clamped two
gutta percha covered copper wires running from end to end of such
carriage or carriages. On each clip are fitted two eyes or rings, cach
of which is attached to one train wire. A stout spring being fastened
to the screw clip and pressing on the said eyes or rings ensures perfect
contact when the carriages are coupled together. In the event of any

page_text: of the carriages becoming disconnected by accident the guards are
apprised of the fact by means of a metal plate being screwed at the top
end of such coupling, and when such coupling becomes perfectly taut
the metal plate is brought into contact with two brass studs fixed at the
bottom of coupling box, which studs being connected to train wires
complete circuit of electricity when brought together and cause bells
to ring in guards' vans. When a carriage or carriages have to be slipped
and left at any given station or siding I make use of the slip coupling
as follows: The ordinary coupling wires are separated in the centre
and two telescope tubes are introduced, the inner or sliding tubes are
sprung, and a tipping piece soldered on to the end slips into a groove
turned inside the outer tube when the inner tubes are pushed home,
thus preventing accidental slipping caused by the motion of the train,
but are readily self released on sufficient tension being applied when the
carriages are required-to be slipped.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE ECONOMIZING GRATE AND HEAT GENERATOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hawkins at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th November
1873.
I, JOHN HAWKINS, Bit, Stirrup, and Spur Manufacturer, of Walsall,
in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE ECONOMIZING GRATE AND HEAT
GENERATOR," to be as follows (that is to say) :—
My improvement simply consists in the use of an auxiliary portable
grate or fire-holder, so contructed as to be capable of ready application
to or removal from the front bars of the ordinary grates now in use.
This auxiliary grate I purpose casting in one or more parts, plain or
ornamental, or constructing them of wrought iron, as may be preferred,
of a suitable shape, with means for its external application to the front
bars of grates as now ordinary set; and into this auxiliary grate (the
use of which constitutes my Invention) I apply the coals or other fuel
to be used, whilst the fixed back or vacant grate I prefer filling with
suitable fire-bricks or balls, or lumps of pumice stone from such
material possessing the capacity for absorbing and retaining the heat
transmitted to the same from the fire in the front or auxiliary grate.

page_text: In some instances I apply an adaptable flue way so arranged as to
catch the smoke from the fuel in the auxiliary grate, carry it over, and
conduct it to the chimney proper, and constructed to regulate and
ensure a draught, and thereby prevent smoke. By this simple method
the auxiliary grate may be charged with kindled coals or fire, taken t
into a room and applied to a grate, and from its protruding position in
front of the ordinary fire-place will speedily heat the room, and
continue to distribute its radiant heat around, instead of its escaping up
the chimney, so that the warmth of a room may be sustained at the
desired temperature at a saving of at least one-half the quantity of coal 1
that would be consumed in generating the same amount of heat in the
common ordinary fire-grate of the room, and its practical economy and
portability will be found highly convenient.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN RESERVOIR OR SELF-SUPPLYING WRITING PENS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Sage at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th August 1873.
I, WILLIAM JOHN SAGE, of Union Street, Boro', in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Im-
PROVEMENTS IN RESERVOIR OR SELF-SUPPLYING WRITING PENS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
writing pens formed with a chamber or reservoir for holding a sufficient
quantity of ink to last a considerable time without redipping the pen in
the ink holder, the nibs of the pen being supplied with ink from the
reservoir as it is consumed by use in writing.
This improved construction of reservoir pen consists of two parts, one
of which is a large plain pen or nib having one hole in each side nearly
half way up the pen or nib from the writing point, and the holes are
situated near the edges of the sides. One of the holes has a very small
piece cut out from the edge of one of the sides in the shape of a V or
other suitable shape calculated to admit an axis, and not allow the axis
to become parted when the pen or nib is used in writing.

page_text: The other part of the pen is an ink retainer or reservoir for the supply
of the pen or nib, and is similar in shape to a semi-pointer tube, having
at its end a tail piece which acts as a spring to allow a gentle pressure of
the retainer or reservoir on the pen or nib. The retainer or reservoir is
connected to the pen or nib by means of an axis which forms part of the |
retainer or reservoir. One of the axes is placed in one of the holes made
in the side of the pen or nib, and the other side of the axis is pressed
down into the cut or slot made in the pen or nib for its reception.
The before-mentioned semi-pointed tube tail or spring and also the
axis are made of steel or other suitable metal or material.
An important feature of this Invention is the application of the axis
upon which the retainer or reservoir acts in the holes of the pen
or nib.
Another important feature of this Invention is that the pen or nib and
also the retainer or reservoir are made without the aid of solder, rivets, or
other fastening.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Charles Hamilton,
William Richard Preston, and Henry Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th
January 1873.
We, EDWARD CHARLES HAMILTON, of Colchester, in the County of
Essex, and WILLIAM RICHARD PRESTON, of Harold Court, Romford,
in the County of Essex, and HENRY JONES, of Colchester, aforesaid,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
artificial manure. For this purpose we take waste wool, wool dust, or
shoddy, and we mix it with the liquid sewage in the proportion of
equal weights or thereabout. We pass the mixture into a machine
consisting of a cylinder or barrel through which an axis passes. There
are inclined knives upon the axis, and other knives fixed within the
cylinder or barrel. The mixture is introduced by a hopper at one end
of the cylinder or barrel and is discharged at the other end, and in
this state the materials constitute a valuable artificial manure in a form
to be very conveniently sown upon land.

page_text: In some cases we much increase the proportion of the sewage in
relation to the waste wool, wool dust, or shoddy, and in this case we
form the waste wool, wool dust, or shoddy into a filtering bed and place a
layer of charcoal beneath it. The sewage is run on to the filter so
formed and the water passes through leaving the manurial constituents
of the sewage in the filter
In some cases we much increase the proportion of the sewage in
relation to the waste wool, wool dust, or shoddy, and in this case we
form the waste wool, wool dust, or shoddy into a filtering bed and place a
layer of charcoal beneath it. The sewage is run on to the filter so
formed and the water passes through leaving the manurial constituents
of the sewage in the filter.
When the filtering materials are fully charged with the sewage they
are passed through the machine already described, and they form a
rich artificial manure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEED AND MANURE DRILLS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Dening at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1873.
I, FREDERICK DENING, of Chard, in the County of Somerset, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SEED AND MANURE DRILLS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in seed and manure drills combine great simplicity
of the working parts with rapidity and ease of action, and are applicable
to existing drills.
A single lever is employed to raise the box and the coulters by one
motion, and also to act on the press bar, by which pressure is applied on
the coulter levers. The position of this hand lever is such that when
out of work it is not liable to be bent or broken. The number of chains
also is reduced, two only being used to lift the whole of the coulters.
The hand lever is pivoted on one end of the cross shaft by which the
coulters are adjusted, and is caused by a spring to engage with a notched
wheel keyed on said shaft. This shaft carries a cam, which acts

page_text: on a lever for raising the box, and also sheave wheels from which chains
pass to a bar by which the coulter levers are raised. The pressing bar
is also connected to the sheave wheels by uprights which rise above said
wheels, and are connected thereto by chains, the parts being operated by
rotating the said shaft by means of the hand lever.
AN IMPROVED GARMENT FOR THE USE OF PERSONS WHEN. DRIVING, TRAVELLING, CAMPING, AND CAMPAIGNING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernard Birnbaum at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
April 1873.
I, BERNARD BIRNBAUM, of New Broad Street, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED GARMENT FOR THE USE OF PERSONS WHEN. DRIVING, TRAVELLING,
CAMPING, AND CAMPAIGNING," to be as follows:—
The object of my Invention is to supply a great desideratum, viz., to
produce an article which can be used both as an apron or covering for
the lower limbs, and as a mantle, cloak, cape, or overcoat, or covering
for the upper part of the body simultaneously, or for the first purpose
only when desired, and it is so contrived that when used for the second
purpose it shall not in any way impede the free action of the arms while
yet protecting the body from cold, and wind, and weather, and it can be
easily placed on the upper part of the body when required.
The garment or article consists of two portions, an upper and a lower
portion. It may be made in one piece or the upper portion may
be permanently connected with the lower portion by permanent attach-

page_text: ment or separably, by detachable fastenings. It may be made of
waterproof material or not, and it may be lined with any desirable
substance. The lower portion or skirt is a sufficiently broad piece to
wrap well round the lower limbs and lower portion of the body, and
when the upper portion is not used for protecting the shoulders it folds 5
over or under the lower portion. The upper portion is formed with an
aperture through which the wearer's head is passed, there being a
longitudinal opening for allowing its passage into this aperture, which
fits loosely round the neck, the longitudinal opening being closed by
buttons or otherwise, and preferably having an overlapping piece. The 1
upper portion is so rounded or formed as to leave room for the arms to
pass between the upper and under portions, the upper portion however
overlapping and protecting them while yet allowing the wrists and
hands full freedom of action. A strap or other means is provided to
fasten the garment round the waist, and there may be a buckle or other 1
connection to fasten it to a box seat so that it may serve even for two
persons if desired. The upper portion or cape overlaps the upper part
of the under portion or apron.
-
AN IMPROVED SIGNALLING APPARATUS FOR USE ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Pignel, of Amiens, in the Department
of the Somme, and Republic of France, Inspector of the Northern
Railway of France, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED SIGNALLING
APPARATUS FOR USE ON RAILWAYS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Pignel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th December 1878.
I, HENRY PIGNEL, of Amiens, in the Department of the Somme,
and Republic of France, Inspector of the Northern Railway of France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SIGNALLING APPARATUS FOR USE ON RAILWAYS,” to be as follows :—
My Invention consists in an improved signalling diso worked auto-
matically by the trains as well as by hand, a very important object
thereof being to guard against the unfortunately too frequent forget-
fulness of the pointsman entrusted with the protection of trains in
moțion or stationary, and to give warning by means of an electric alarm

page_text: 25
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Pignel in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 25th June 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
PIGNEL, of Amiens, in the Department of the Somme, and Republic
of France, Inspector of the Northern Railway of France, send grecting.

page_text: ¨ (In order that this treadle may not be beaten it disappears
after the passage of the first wheel of the locomotive, taking
position out of reach of the wheels of the other vehicles com-
posing the train).

page_text: Y; guide of screen chain; Z, rod connecting working lever U with
bolt; D, 'weight serving for setting the stop signal by the pointsman,
and giving sufficient slack to the wire to permit the descent of the
screen when the signal is worked by the trains; D", momentary position
of the weight for signalling line clear; D', momentary position of the
weight for setting stop signal by pointsman; L, buffer for signal of
line clear; M, buffer for stop signal; N, lever actuating bolt and
treadle; O, bolt serving as rest to the screen when the disc signals
line clear; P, differential pulley lifting, and lowering the screen; R,
screen masking the diso when the line is clear; A, normal position of
the weight; B, momentary position of the weight for stop signal given
by pointsman; O, momentary position of weight for signalling line
clear; F, normal position of lever (dead point); G, momentary position
of lever for stop signal by pointsman; H, momentary position of lever
3 for line clear; E, weight bringing the lever to the dead point F after
the setting of signal line clear (this weight, with that in front of the
disc balances the middle weight); E³, position occupied by this weight
for stop signal by pointsman; E", momentary position of the weight
for signalling line clear.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Pignel, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
LOUIS EUGENÈ COLSON,
JEAN BAPTISTE GIRARD.
HENRI PIGNEL. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SLIDE VALVE GEAR OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVÍSIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McElroy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
March 1873.
I, JOHN MCELROY, of Sale, in the County of Chester, Clerk, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE SLIDE VALVE GEAR OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in an arrangement whereby I can readily
vary by hand the amount of expansion of steam or reverse the motion
of the engine.
For this purpose I mount a disc fast upon the shaft and loosely thereon
an excentric, which carries, also loosely, another excentric, which is pro-
vided with the usual strap and rod leading to the valve. Through a
hole in the outer excentric and through a slot in the fast disc I pass
a bolt whereby the whole may be bound together, and I give such form
to the said slot that it shall cause the centre of the outer excentric to
move in a line at right angles (or nearly so) to that of the dead points
of the crank.

page_text: By these means an adjustment may be made which will vary the cut-
off or reverse the engine, in which latter case the said cut-off may also
be varied.
The second part of my Invention has for its object the use of three
instead of four excentrics in engines which are provided with two
cylinders. To accomplish this I mount one excentric so that it has an
equal angular relation to the two cranks, and the rod proceeding therefrom
I make as a fork, one part being connected to the upper end of the usual
link motion of one cylinder, and the other to the lower end of the link
of the other cylinder. The rods from the two other excentrics I connect 1
to the opposite ends of the said links.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING FILAMENTS, FIBRES, AND PULP FROM VEGETABLE Substances
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Bevan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
August 1878.
I, EDWARD BEVAN, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Watch
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING FILAMENTS, FIBRES, AND PULP FROM VEGETABLE
Substances,” to be as follows :—
Heretofore in treating vegetable substances it has been the practice to
employ heated alkaline and other solutions.
After lengthened investigation I have discovered that the employment
of alkalies and other chemicals deteriorates the strength of the fibres, and
that the employment of water at high temperatures and pressures, pre-
ferably with agitation, produces a much better effect in respect of
separating the silica and other coatings and the resinous matters.
Now my Invention consists in subjecting vegetable substances to the
action of water heated to a high temperature, such temperature never
being less than about 298° Fahrenheit, giving a pressure equal to 45

page_text: pounds per square inch, for periods varying with the nature of the.
substance being treated.
•
When flax' and jute are under treatment to produce filaments and
fibres I heat the water by steam or otherwise in ordinary revolving or
other boilers to a temperature of 293° Fahr., giving a pressure equal to
about 45 pounds per square inch. I afterwards wash in cold water and
bleach in the ordinary manner if desired.
When treating esparto and other grasses of that nature I heat the
water to about 307° Fah*., giving a pressure of about 60lbs. per square
inch.
When treating straw and strongly coated substances, I heat the water
to about 330° Fah., giving a pressure of about 90lbs. per square inch.
When treating woody substances, I heat the water to about 350°
Fah., giving a pressure of about 120lbs. per square
inch.
The time of treatment varies from 3 to 9 hours, according as the tem-
perature is above or below that mentioned.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN BALL VALVES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Britain Palmer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st March 1873.
I, GEORGE BRITAIN PALMER, of Hammersmith, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BALL VALVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
ball valves employed for closing the inlet pipes or passages by which
water or other fluids are supplied or admitted to cisterns or chambers,
as is well understood.
Heretofore in the construction of valves of this character it has been
usual for the pressure of the water or other fluid passing through the
inlet pipe to act upon the face of the valve, and it frequently happens
that the pressure acting in this manner will overcome the resistance of
the ball or float and thus cause the valve to leak.
Now according to my improvements I so arrange the valve within the
inlet pipe or passage that the pressure of the water or other fluid acts
on the back of the valve to close it upon its seat, and the greater the

page_text: pressure the more perfectly is the inlet passage closed. The descent of
the ball or float as the contents of the cistern are drawn off causes the
cranked arm to act upon the stem of the valve and thus open the supply
passage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKLES AND FASTENINGS OF A SIMILAR NATURE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Newbold Eyland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th March 1873.
I, CHARLES NEWBOLD EYLAND, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKLES AND FASTENINGS OF A SIMILAR NATURE," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
The buckle or fastening consists of two parts, one a plate of metal
serrated at its upper edge, the other a flat sliding loop of a wedge form
in its vertical transverse section. The teeth or serrations are turned
inwards to grip the material it is intended to hold, and the loop slides
over the plate, and by its wedge form of section tightens the grip of the
teeth upon the material. Sliding the loop downwards releases the grip
and allows of adjustment. The loop may be tapered in its width as well
as in its thickness, and instead of surrounding the plate may if preferred
be turned round at its ends into a wedge formed clip and clip the edges
of the plate instead of passing round the back, and suitable stops are
provided on the plate to prevent the loop sliding downwards too far.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS FOR FIRING POTTERY, GLASS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Minton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th April 1873.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM MINTON, of Stoke-upon-Trent, in the County
of Stafford, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS FOR FIRING POTTERY, GLASS, AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ovens for firing
pottery, glass, and other substances.
As such ovens are now constructed the "bag" or inside chimney
from the fire is carried up against the inner face of the outer wall or
side of the oven. Now I obtain a better distribution of the heat and
protect the wall or side of the oven from injury by forming the bag
nearer to the centre of the oven, leaving a clear space between it and
the inner wall or side.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXPANSION GOVERNORS FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Thomas Allcock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th March 1878.
I, ARTHUR THOMAS ALLCOCK, of Gainsborough, in the County, of
Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN EXPANSION GOVERNORS FOR STEAM ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
-
This Invention relates to an improved method of making the expansion
valves of steam engines adjustable by means of a governor known as a mo-
mentum or fly wheel governor, and to a simpler and more efficient manner
of carrying out the same. To do this I use any form of expansion valve
whose point of cut-off can be varied by altering the lead of its excentric
to which it is attached in the usual manner. Upon the engine shaft I
mount a momentum or fly wheel by the side of the expansion excentric,
both being free to turn on the shaft. A lever has its centre of oscilation
carried by a fast arm on the shaft, between the wheel and excentric, and
has its extremities attached by connecting links to studs or joints on the
fly wheel and excentric, in such a manner that any motion of the wheel

page_text: on its shaft is communicated to the excentric in an opposite direction.
The studs or joints on the fly wheel and excentric are adjustable in slots
or holes so that the normal point of cut-off may be fixed at pleasure.
The wheel is carried round with the shaft by a spring or springs, the
tension of which can be adjusted to the number of revolutions required to
be made by the engine. Should the speed of the engine shaft rise in
excess of that for which the adjustment is made, the inertia of the wheel
causes it to receed on the shaft, and the difference of their motions being
communicated direct through the lever and its links to, the expansion
excentric, its lead is increased and steam cut off at an earlier portion of 1
the stroke of engine. Should the speed of shaft fall below the regular
speed the momentum of the wheel carries it in advance of the shaft,
the lead of excentric is reduced, and steam is cut off at a later portion of
stroke of the engine.
A COMBINED THRASHING MACHINE AND ELEVATOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Watson at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
January 1873.
I, ALBERT WATSON, of Andover, in the County of Hants, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A COMBINED THRASHING
MACHINE AND ELEVATOR," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in attaching the straw elevator to a thrashing
machine, thereby obviating the necessity for the use of a separate
travelling carriage to the straw elevator. For this purpose I attach the
clevator by means of an axis to a bracket or to the framework of an
ordinary thrashing machine, the elevator being constructed with two,
three, or more joints to fold over on to the top of the thrashing machine
for convenience of transport. By this Invention I am enabled to
dispense with the framework and wheels hitherto employed for carrying
the elevating gear and poles, the framework and wheels of the thrashing
machine answering the purpose.

page_text: By forming the lower portion of the elevator into a cradle I am
also enabled to dispense with the straw shakers hitherto employed in
thrashing machines.
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR THE PRESERVATION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
October 1873.
I, GEORGE CLARK, of No. 10, Craven Buildings, Drury Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said. In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR THE PRESERVATION OF ANIMAL
AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
:
My said Invention consists in improvements in the mode of closing
and hermetically sealing vessels used to contain animal and vegetable
substances, preserved or to be preserved, and in appliances for carrying
such improvements into effect, and of these said improvements the-
following is a description:-
.
1st. To facilitate the closing of the aperture usually perforated in food
preserving vessels to allow the escape of steam during the process of
preservation, instead of closing and sealing such aperture by soldering,
which it requires care to effect successfully whilst steam is rushing
through it, I stop up the said aperture with a plug or pin driven into it;
and to carry out this operation instantaneously and perfectly I fix on or

page_text: an ordinary plumber's fire-pot, or by placing ignited fuel in a receptacle
fastened to the top of the said soldering tool.
4th. In boiling substances which are undergoing the process of pre-
servation in vessels having an aperture for the escape of steam, much
inconvenience arises from juice or liquid fat as well as particles of the
articles being so preserved being driven through the said aperture by
the force of the steam issuing from such vessel. To obviate this incon-
venience I propose to cover the top of the contents of the said preserving
vessel with a piece of cotton, linen, or woollen cloth, or any other
suitable textile fabric or wire gauze of close texture, which acting as a
sieve over the contents of the vessel shall prevent solid particles or
mucillage from passing through, but will allow of the free passage of
steam to and through the aperture in the cover of such vessel, and also
protect such aperture from being choked.
AN IMPROVED COOKING APPARATUS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Tabor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
July 1873.
I, JONATHAN TABOR, of Leadenhall Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
COOKING APPARATUS," to be as follows :-
-
:-
This Invention consists in constructing an improved cooking apparatus
in the following manner : -The case of the apparatus I form by preference
of sheet metal of a rectangular shape with two, three, or more compart-
ments, and a vessel for boiling water at top. The lowermost compart-
ment is intended to contain gas jets or burners, for example, for heating
the apparatus, and the whole apparatus is enclosed by a door. In order
however to economize the heat and also prevent or very considerably
lessen the radiation of the heat from the apparatus, I propose to surround
and cover the apparatus entirely with a double casing of wood as being
a nonconductor of heat; I further so arrange and fix the wood as to
leave space between the two casings of wood, which are fixed a certain
distance asunder for that purpose. By these means I so confine the air
between the two casings as to reduce to a minimum the radiation of

page_text: heat through the outer casing, and thus keeping the outside of the appa-
ratus comparatively cool. And further by thus confining the greater
part of the heat inside the apparatus, when once the apparatus is
thoroughly heated the gas or other heating agent may be nearly shut off,
thereby effecting economy in the consumption thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DOUBLING FRAMES FOR COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Pearson, of Stockport, in the County of
Chester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
DOUBLING FRAMES FOR COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 13th June 1873, and dated the 19th April 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Pearson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th April 1873.
I, GEORGE PEARSON, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF DOUBLING FRAMES FOR COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to doubling frames for doubling cotton,
silk, or other fibrous substances, and is intended to decrease the friction
of such machines, and to reduce the amount of power requisite for
driving the same.

page_text: The Invention consists principally in dispensing with the upper
delivering roller (as usually employed) and placing behind the lower
roller a small grooved pulley or wharve. The threads or yarns after
passing in the ordinary manner from the bobbins through the water
trough pass under the roller and partly round the same, and over again
to the back (passing round about two-thirds of its circumference) and
are then carried round the grooved pulley or wharve and forwards over
the roller again, and so on to the flyer which doubles and winds them
on to the bobbin. By these means the weight and friction of the upper
roller is dispensed with, and the frame requires less power to drive it.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING SMALL-ARMS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Middleditch Scott at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th November 1878.
I, WILLIAM MIDDLEDITOH SCOTT, of the Firm of W. and O. Scott
and Son, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING SMALL-ARMS," to be as follows :-
My Invention has reference to those kinds of breech-loading small-
arms called drop-down guns, and my said Invention consists of the
mechanical arrangements, herein-after described, for locking down the
barrels of the said guns for discharge, and for connecting and dis-
connecting the fore ends of the said guns to and from the barrels.
My present Invention consists of improvements in or additions to
the mechanism described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted
to me on the 5th day of April 1873, No. 1268.
In constructing mechanism according to my present Invention for
locking the barrels to the body of the gun I add to the mechanism

page_text: In this arrangement the guide in which the stem of the bolt or catch
works is made longer than in the arrangement referred to and contains
a coiled spring, by which the required snapping action is given to the
catch or bolt.
Or instead of connecting the said thumb plate directly with the bolt
it may be made the top of a lever turning on a fixed stud, the lower
end of the said lever taking into a slot in the bolt. In using this
arrangement the thumb plate has to be pressed in a direction opposite
to that in which it has to be pressed in the last described arrangement
in order to withdraw the bolt.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING TO THE DRIVER OR CONDUCTOR OF CABS, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bernard Dowdall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th July 1878.
'
I, JAMES BERNARD DOWDALL, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING TO THE DRIVER OR CONDUCTOR OF CABS,
CARRIAGES, AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to a simple and effective apparatus for sig-
nalling between the occupant and driver or conductor of cabs, carriages,
and other vehicles.
The apparatus consists of a hollow ball of india-rubber having a
whistle attached, by compressing which ball the air is expelled through
the whistle, and an audible signal is thus produced. The ball is secured
on a disc of wood, ivory, or other material, on which are inscribed
instructions for the occupant of the vehicle to compress the ball one or
more times, according to whether he desires to signal the driver to
"

page_text: "stop," "go on," "return," or turn to the right or left. The ball is
placed inside the vehicle within reach of the occupant, a small aperture
being made in the framework through which the whistle passes towards
the drivers' seat, so that the sound may be rendered sufficiently
audible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MOUNTING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Edwards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st August 1873.
I, WILLIAM HENRY EDWARDS, of Wrexham, in the County of
Denbigh, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MOUNTING PHOTOGRAPHIC
PICTURES," to be as follows:→
My Invention consists of a novel method of preparing the cards upon
which photographic pictures printed upon paper by the action of light
are mounted, and of a new and improved method of mounting the
pictures so printed upon the cards so prepared.
In the method ordinarily practised of preparing and mounting upon
cards, pictures printed upon paper by the action of light, the pictures
are taken from the water in which they have been soaked for the
purpose of fixing them after they are printed, and having been dried or
partially dried their backs are coated with a solution of gum, gelatine,
starch, or other adhesive substance, and they are then adjusted upon
and pressed into contact with the cards upon which they are to be

page_text: mounted and they are then again allowed to dry. In this method
considerable time is lost by their having to be dried twice over and in
covering the back of each picture separately with the adhesive substance
as described.
My improvements consist, first, in coating the front of the cards with
a solution in water of gum, gelatine, or other gelatinous substance,
starch, or other suitable adhesive substance, which is then allowed to dry.
I coat large or small sheets of card with such adhesive solution and
when the solution is dry I then cut the sheets into cards of the size
required. These cards may then be used at once or they may be kept
any length of time until required.
When it is required to mount the photographic pictures upon them
the method which I adopt is as follows:-I take the photographic
pictures from the water in which they have been soaked for the purpose
of fixing them as already described, and I place them one by one with
their backs upon the face of the card prepared with adhesive substance
as described. The pictures are sufficiently damp to partially dissolve
the adhesive substance upon the cards (to which they firmly adhere) and
when pressed into contact they are allowed to dry and the mounted
pictures are then complete.
By my improved method of preparing the cards upon which the
pictures are to be mounted, and by my improved method of mounting
photographic pictures upon cards so prepared, great economy of time
and labour and in the cost of producing such mounted pictures is
effected.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS AND IN THE MEANS OF SECURING THEM AND THE RAILS THEREIN ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Richards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
December 1873.
I, EDWIN RICHARDS, of Stoke-on-Trent, in the County of Stafford,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS AND IN THE MEANS OF SECURING THEM AND THE
RAILS THEREIN ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain useful and effective improvements in
the construction of railway chairs, and in the means of securing the rails
therein and the chairs to the sleepers.
In railway chairs of the most generally employed construction the
rails are secured between upwardly projecting jaws, the rails being
secured in the chairs by means of wooden or metal keys or cotters, the
wooden keys it is known are injuriously affected by heat and moisture,
thus endangering the safety of the line of rails, and the metal keys are
liable to displacement or to be shaken out by the vibrations to which
they are subjected during the passage of a train over them. This Inven-
tion has therefore been designed to remedy the above-named defects, by

page_text: dispensing with all such keys or cotters, and the Invention consists in
constructing railway chairs so that both the sides and the bottom of the
rail shall fit closely the inner hollowed sides and hollowed bed of the
chair, the rails will be secured rigidly in position by the same means
which are proposed to be employed to secure the chairs to the sleepers.
The chairs will be so cast or formed that the jaws thereof shall be at
both opposite sides and opposite ends of the chairs, and after having
placed the rails in position between the jaws the rails will be secured
therein, and also the chairs by means of two or more retaining spikes,
which spikes are so formed or made with heads of such a shape as that
they will form stops to prevent the rail and chair from moving, and such
spikes will be driven or passed (through holes suitably placed in the
chairs) into the sleepers, thus securing the chairs thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ApparatUS FOR RAISING BEER OR OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dean and John
Keighley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st February 1873.
•
We, WILLIAM DEAN, Gas Engineer, and JOHN KEIGHLEY, Plumber,
both of Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ApparatUS FOR RAISING BEER OR
OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows, that is to say :—
Our Invention relates to employing bellows for the purpose of raising
beer or other liquids instead of the beer engine as heretofore. For this
purpose bellows are fixed in a convenient position underneath the
counter or in the cellar, and are set in motion by the weight of the
person drawing off the beer or other liquid; a blast of atmospheric air is
forced by means of the bellows at the top of a cask or barrel displacing
the liquid contained therein, and forcing the said liquid to rise in the
pipes connected with the drawing off tap or taps. The bellows are
actuated by means of a ratchet fixed to a loose board fitted in the floor,
this loose board being pressed in by the weight of the person drawing off
the beer or liquid causes the ratchet to lower, giving motion to a small
pinion; this small pinion. revolving turns another pinion of larger

page_text: diameter fixed or cast on the small pinion, giving by these means a
greater motion to the bottom of the bellows than to the top of the loose
board; the large pinion works in another ratchet fixed to the bottom of
the bellows; this ratchet works upwards, consequently presses in the
bellows, and forces a current or blast of air into the cask or barrel, dis-
placing the beer or other liquid and forcing it up the discharge pipe.
We can use levers instead of the ratchets and pinions; two levers are
placed on pins fixed to the loose boards crossing each other and having
a centre stud near the top on which the levers work; the bottom parts of
the levers are made longer than the top parts and are attached by pins to
the bottom of the bellows giving a greater motion to the bottom of the
bellows than to the top or loose board. We also employ upon the air
pipe a check valve to prevent the return of the air or liquid; this check
valve is fitted up with an india-rubber. valve fixed in a chamber; on the
lid of the valve are cast pieces of metal forming guards preventing the
india-rubber valve leaving its position.
In- PROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASH FASTENERS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Parkes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
September 1873.
I, JOSIAH PARKES, of Willenhall, in the County of Stafford, Brass-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASH FASTENERS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements in window sash fasteners consist of a spring hook
which is attached to one part of the window sash, and of a catch into
which the hook fits and is locked, which is attached to the other part
of the window sash or to the window frame; these fastoners may also
be applied to doors or other analogous articles.
The spring hook consists of a bar of metal, preferably square in cross
section, which slides through corresponding holes in the ends of a box
containing a spring, which abuts against a collar or pin upon the bar,
and constantly forces the bar endways in one direction. One end of the
bar outside the box is fitted with a hook turned downwards, the point
of which is constantly drawn towards the box by the spring, and the

page_text: other end of the bar is fitted with a knob or handle, on pressing which
the hook is forced out from the box. The box (which may consist
of a mere open framework) is screwed or otherwise fixed to the window
sash.
The catch into which the hook engages when the window is fastened
consists of a bridge-shaped piece of metal screwed or fixed to the other
part of the window sash in such a position that when the hook catch
is forced out by the knob (as already described), and the window is then
closed, the point of the hook is drawn back by the spring under the
raised part of the catch, and the window sash is thus firmly and securely
fastened. The lower part of the point of the hook is bevilled so that it
may be forced back by the catch when the window is closed without
pressing the knob, and the top of the outer edge of the catch may be
bevilled in the opposite direction for the same purpose, if desired.
The box and the catch respectively may either of them be fastened
to cither part of the sash or to the window frame to suit different cir-
cumstances.