Improvements in the Manufacture of Paints, Anti-corrosive Compositions, and Compositions for like Uses.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Nov., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 16th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 5th Nov., 1898
Improvements in the Manufacture of Paints, Anti-corrosive
Compositions, and Compositions for like Uses.
I, CHARLES JAMES GRIST, of 20, Gracechurch Street, in the City of London,
Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
I take linseed or other drying oil and partially oxidise it by applying heat to the
vessel in which it is contained, having previously added litharge or other suitable
oxidizing agent to a temperature of say about 400° F. or upwards taking care that it
does not boil for more than say about 24 hours furthermore attention should be given.
that the oil is continually kept in motion by suitable apparatus which may be
conveniently arranged on or adjacent to the vessel for the purpose.
The oil is then allowed to cool until it reaches about its normal temperature.
I now take a suitable fibrous substance such for instance as jute, hair or other
suitable fibre, in which the separate fibres composing the mass are or can be made to
be distinct and separable but at the same time of uniform or substantially uniform
character; and are likewise of a fine or thin nature, taking care that the fibres shall
be clean and free from any deleterious foreign substance in mixture or adhereing to
them. These I free from the fibre by means of carding or other suitable cleansing
method.
I then spread and loosen the fibres subjecting them to the action of heated air in
order to remove as far as possible traces of aqueous moisture because any moisture
present militates against the success of the process.
The partially oxidized oil being now at about its normal temperature and the fibres
in a clean and dry condition I immerse such fibres in a loosened and graduated
condition into the oil. The fibres are immersed in the oil but immediately taken out
again and I attach great importance to this precaution.
'
The fibres thus dipped are placed in a hydro-extractor of the usual or
convenient pattern for the purpose of extracting the superfluous oil not actually
adhereing to the fibres.
When this has been effected and the free oil has been thoroughly removed,
take the fibres out of the extractor and each fibre is found to be covered at
intervals with small globules of oil which adhere to it. I then pass the whole
through a suitable carding or opening machine which pulls the fibres apart and
loosens them. I now spread these fibres as loosely as possible on wire guaze or
other suitable netting or reticulate or open-work surface and pass a current of
heated air for suitable periods through them by means of a revolving fan or other
suitable air supplying means every hour or so turning and redistributing the
fibres by suitable lifting and turning means on the netting till each particle of
oil is oxidized and dried.
Then I again immerse the fibres in the oil and drain off the superfluous oil by
means of the hydro-extractor or its equivalent and more globules of oil will be found
to be adhereing to portions of the fibres not covered after the first dipping then I
repeat the drying process explained above and when dry I immerse the fibres a third

page_text: time subjecting them to the action of the hydro extractor as before and the drying
process will be accomplished as before.
oil.
I repeat this process till each fibre is sufficiently coated with particles of oxidized
I now grind up the fibres treated as described above until they become of a
homogeneous character.
This masticating or grinding I prefer to accomplish by means of rolls (of different
diameters so as to obtain the desired effect.) running at a high speed.
The material is now placed in crushing rolls which I employ cold and I add
about 5% to 10% of powdered sulphur to it while the crushing is progressing taking
care that the fibrous treated material is not allowed to become so heated as to injure
it. This I prevent by occasionally stripping it off the rolls by means of a knife or
gauge suitable for the purpose.
I then add Brunswick blue, chrome ochre, or other suitable colouring matter and
mix again thoroughly in the rolls.
When cool I place the mixture in a suitable vessel containing ketone or other
suitable solvent which will reduce the mixture to a liquid form. When the mixture
is reduced to proper liquid consistency, I mix it thoroughly with another liquid
mixture and this second mixture I make by the following proceedure.
I take shellac, gum and resin also barytes or other suitable drier, and beat these
with a suitable spirit in an ordinary jacketted vessel till they assume the proper liquid
form. When it is cool I mix with the first described liquid and after it has been
standing an hour or so in a suitable vessel I drain it off into a second vessel.
By this means a paint is produced which will dry quickly having a glossy surface,
withstand climatic influences and will resist wear and not crack or perish and also be
impervious to water or damp.
For anti corrosive paints I adopt the following proceedure. When the oxidized oil
and fibre are ready for being placed in the masticating rolls, I do not add sulphur.
After they have been thoroughly worked in the rolls I do not add colouring matter
but at once reduce them with spirit to a paint consistency as described above.
When they are being mixed in the rolls I may add arsenical or other suitable salt
for the purpose of preventing living organisms adhering to the surface of the paint.
Dated the 16th day of November 1897.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Paints, Anti-corrosive
Compositions, and Compositions for like Uses.
I, CHARLES JAMES GRIST, of 20, Gracechurch Street, in the City of London,
Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
I take linseed or other drying oil and partially oxidize it by applying heat to the
vessel in which it is contained, having previously added litharge or other suitable
oxidizing agent, to a temperature of say about 400° F., or upwards taking care that it
does not boil for more than say about 24 hours furthermore attention should be
given that the oil is continually kept in motion by suitable apparatus which may be
conveniently arranged on or adjacent to the vessel for the purpose.
The oil is then allowed to cool until it reaches about its normal temperature.

page_text: I now take a suitable fibrous substance, such for instance as jute, hair or other
suitable fibre, in which the separate fibres composing the mass are or can be made to
be distinct and separable but at the same time of uniform or substantially uniform
character, and are likewise of a fine or thin nature, taking care that the fibres shall
be clean and free from any deleterious foreign substance in mixture or adhereing to
them. These I free from the fibre by means of carding or other suitable cleansing
method.
I then spread and loosen the fibres subjecting them to the action of heated air in
order to remove as far as possible traces of aqueous moisture because any moisture
present militates against the success of the process.
The partially oxidized oil being now at about its normal temperature and the fibres
in a clean and dry condition I immerse such fibres in a loosened and graduated
condition into the oil. The fibres are immersed in the oil but immediately taken out
again and I attach great importance to this precaution.
The fibres thus dipped are placed in a hydro-extractor of the usual or convenient
pattern for the purpose of extracting the superfluous oil not actually adhereing to the
fibres.
When this has been effected and the free oil has been thoroughly removed, I take
the fibres out of the extractor and each fibre is found to be covered at intervals with
small globules of oil which adhere to it. I then pass the whole through a suitable
carding or opening machine which pulls the fibres apart and loosens them.
I now spread these fibres as loosely as possible on wire gauze or other suitable
netting or reticulate or open-work surface and pass a current of heated air for
suitable periods through them by means of a revolving fan or other suitable air sup-
plying means every hour or so turning and redistributing the fibres by suitable
lifting and turning means on the netting till each particle of oil is oxidized and
dried.
Then I again immerse the fibres in the oil and drain off the superfluous oil by
means of the hydro extractor or its equivalent and more globules of oil will be found
to be adhereing to portions of the fibres not covered after the first dipping then I
repeat the drying process explained above and when dry I immerse the fibres a third
time subjecting them to the action of the hydro extractor as before and the drying
process will be accomplished as before.
I repeat this process till each fibre is sufficiently coated with particles of
oxidized oil.
I now grind up the fibres treated as described above until they become of a
homogeneous character.
This masticating or grinding I prefer to accomplish by means of rolls (of
different diameters so as to obtain the desired effect) running at a high speed.
The material is now placed in crushing rolls which I employ cold taking care that
the fibrous treated material is not allowed to become so heated as to injure it. This
I prevent by occasionally stripping it off the rolls by means of a knife or gauge
suitable for the purpose.
I then add Brunswick blue, chrome ochre, or other suitable colouring matter and
mix again thorougly in the rolls.
The proportionate quantities of the matters I have found to answer well are :—
Taking for instance 100 lbs. of raw material inade as described. I add 7 lbs. to
10 lbs. of chrome or Brunswick blue; or ochre; (or a like quantity of any other
desired colour the amount somewhat depending upon the nature of the colour
itself).
When cool I place the mixture in a suitable vessel containing from 33 lbs. to 45 lbs.
of ketone or other suitable solvent which will reduce the mixture to a liquid form,
the quantity of ketone or the like in excess being recovered by drainage or otherwise.
When the mixture is reduced to proper liquid consistency, I mix it thoroughly
with another liquid mixture and this second mixture I make by the following
proceedure.

page_text: I take shellac, gum and resin also barytes or other suitable dryer, and heat these
with a suitable spirit such as methylated spirit in an ordinary jacketted vessel till they
assume the proper liquid form. When it is cool I mix with the first described liquid
and after it has been standing an hour or so in a suitable vessel I drain it off into a
second vessel.
I find it conducive to a good result to employ the shellac and resin and dryers if
used in the following proportion and manner.
I take (say) 8 lbs. to 16 lbs. of shellac, 8 lbs. to 16 lbs. of the gum selected, 8 lbs. to
16 lbs. of resin with (say) 2 lbs. to 4 lbs. of methylated spirits in some cases adding (say)
2 lbs. to 4 lbs. of barytes also a suitable dryer such as borate of manganese (say) 2 lbs.
to 4 lbs., the quantity being varied according to the nature of the material employed
and purpose for which the paint is desired.
By this means a paint is produced which will dry quickly having a glossy
surface, withstand climatic influences and will resist wear and not crack or perish
and also be impervious to water or damp.
For anti corrosive paints I adopt the following proceedure. After the oxidized
oil and fibre have been thoroughly worked in the rolls I do not add colouring
matter, but at once reduce them with spirit to a paint consistency as described
above. When they are being mixed in the rolls I may add 1% to 5% arsenical
or other suitable salt for the purpose of preventing living organisms adhering to
the surface of the paint.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the saine is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein before described method of manufacturing paints and compositions for
like uses from oil treated as set forth and admixed with jute, hair or other suitable
fibre prepared in the manner prescribed.
2. As an article of manufacture a paint or composition for like use having as a
basis oil suitably oxidized and admixed with jute or other suitable fibre prepared as
prescribed, substantially as set forth.
3. The manufacture and use of anti-corrosive compositions as and for the purpose
specified.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.