Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Oct., 1886.
Complete Left, 29th July, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 2nd Sept., 1887.
I JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London Fellow of
the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of this invention is to obtain a powerful system of levers in compact
form and with the minimum of friction for various mechanical purposes.
I take two levers of the third order and pivot them together at or towards one end
so that they may have motion side by side close to each other in parallel planes, the
said pivot being their centre of motion.
Although both levers or either may have the relative motion, the one being then a
fixture, I will for ease of description call one the fixed lever or first lever and the
other the moving or second lever. 1 make an opening through the latter or moving
lever towards its free or acting end. The said opening surrounds (with an intervening
space) a pivot or pin set fast into the first or fixed lever. This I will call the second
The said
pivot upon it is a short sleeve or bush capable of turning thereon.
bush is of an axial length about equal to the thickness of the second or moving lever,
and radially the said bush occupies in part the opening in the second lever. The said
bush forms a boss or continuation of the eye of a third lever which is of the second
order turning upon the second pivot as its centre of motion or fulcrum. The said
bush is cut away segmentally so as to receive and act upon a projection in the profile
of the opening of the second or moving lever and at a point near to the surface of
the second pivot. The action of the radial cut face of the bush upon the projection
on the second lever is similar to that of a pinion tooth upon a wheel tooth, the radial
face of the bush being the equivalent of the driving face of a pinion tooth and the
projection on the second lever being the equivalent of the wheel tooth.

page_text: Thus I secure a powerful system of levers in compact space, the second lever being
acted upon by the third at a point close to the surface of the pivot or centre of motion
of the latter, these two fulcra being thus plaecd close to each other. I also secure the
minimum of friction by fewness of pivots, and by the wheel tooth action of the
third lever upon the second.
Motive power by hand or otherwise may be applied to the free end of the third lever,
and its force being multiplied by the efficiency of the lever system it may be utilized
or taken off at the free or acting ends of the first and second levers.
A communication from abroad by THOMAS ALDRIDGE WESTON, of Stamford,
Connecticut, United States of America, Engineer.
I JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169 Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow of
the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to obtain a powerful system of levers in compact
form and with the minimum of friction for various mechanical purposes.
I take two levers of the third order and pivot them together at or towards one
end, so that they may have motion side by side close to each other in parallel planes,
the said pivot being their centre of motion.
Although both levers or either may have the relative motion, the one being in the
latter case a fixture, I will for ease of description call one the fixed lever, or first lever,
and the other the moving or second lever. I make an opening through the latter or
moving lever, towards its free or acting end. The said opening surrounds (with an
intervening space) a pivot or pin set fast into the first or fixed lever. This I will call
the second pivot; upon it is a short sleeve or bush capable of turning thereon. The
said bush is of an axial length about equal to the thickness of the second or moving lever,
and radially the said bush occupies in part the opening in the second lever. The said
bush forms a boss or continuation of the eye of a third lever which is of the second
order turning upon the second pivot as its centre of motion or fulcrum. The said
bush is cut away segmentally so as to receive and act upon a projection in the profile

page_text: of the opening of the second or moving lever and at a point near to the surface of the
second pivot. The action of the radial cat face of the bush upon the projection on
the second lever is similar to that of a pinion tooth upon a wheel tooth, the radial face
of the bush being the equivalent of the driving face of a pinion tooth and the
projection on the second lever being the equivalent of the wheel tooth.
Thus I secure a powerful system of levers in compact space, the second lever being
acted upon by the third at a point close to the surface of the pivot or centre of motion
of the latter, these two fulcra being thus placed close to each other.
I also secure the
minimum of friction by fewness of pivots, and by the wheel tooth action of the third
lever upon the second."
Motive power by hand or otherwise, may be applied to the free end of the
third lever, and its force being multiplied by the efficiency of the lever system,
it may be utilized or taken off at the free or acting ends of the first and second
levers.
Having explained the nature of the invention, I will proceed more particularly to
describe with reference to the accompanying drawings, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
The drawings represent the invention in a simple form, for use as an element in
machine construction, or otherwise, for any purpose where it is required to transmit
motion by a lever system of this type.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the complete device. Figure 2 is a similar view
with the third lever C partly removed so as to expose its cam sleeve or boss C¹ located
within and acting upon the second lever B. Figure 3 is an obverse perspective view
of lever C, showing its cam sleeve or boss side. Figure 4 is an end elevation of
Figure 3 viewed in the direction of the arrow in Figure 3. Figure 5 is a longitudinal
section on the line 5
5 of Figure 1. Figure 6 is a transverse section on the
line 6 6 of Figure 1. Figure 7 is a transverse section of the levers A, B on the
line 77 of Figure 1.
---
A, B are two levers of the third order and the pin A¹ is their common centre of
motion. For convenience of description I will call A the fixed lever, although B may
be fixed, in which case A would have all the relative motion, or both may share it.
The lever B is pivoted to A by the screw pin A¹ screwed firmly into A near its one
end. Towards the free or moving end of the lever B is an irregular opening through
it, B', shown fully in Figure 2 and in dotted lines in Figure 1. Near the centre of
this opening B¹ is a screw pin A³ firmly screwed into A. Turning upon the pin A³
and nearly filling the opening B' is a sleeve or boss ("¹ projected from the inner side
of the third lever C. This sleeve or boss C¹ is cylindrical except where a segment is
cut away as shown most plainly in Figures 3 and 2. One cut face C2 of the sleeve C¹
is in the radial line from its axis or centre, so as by the said radial face to act upon
the tooth or projection B² formed in the profile of the opening B¹ in lever B. The
action of the cam face C2 upon the tooth B2 resembles the action of a pinion tooth
upon a wheel tooth; the sleeve C¹ being the pinion and the lever B a segment of a
wheel. The angular motion of the levers provided for in the drawings is indicated by
the dotted arc X in Figures 1 and 2. Figures 1 and 2 represent the levers at the
beginning of their stroke. The stud (3 at the free end of the lever C indicates a
point where power and motion may be applied by any ordinary mechanical means.
The stud C being moved downwards through the arc X, Figures 1 and 2, until the
centre of the stud is in the horizontal line 5 - 5 or at the lower end of the arc X,
the tooth B2 will thereby also be depressed to the said horizontal line 5 5 and
the lever B therewith equally moved in regard to the lever A. The levers A, B are
drawn of nearly similar outer profile. B is shown in Figures 1 and 2, slightly
elevated above A. The aforesaid downward movement of the lever C will bring the
parallel shaped ends Y, Z of the levers A, B into coincidence at their upper and lower
parallel edges. The diminished movement or leverage thus obtained by this lever
system may be taken off and utilized at the ends Y, Z of the levers A, B in any
manner convenient to the mechanical constructor, these ends Y, Z being left
unfinished to receive any desired form or attachments needed.
---

page_text: Upon again restoring the lever C to its elevated position, shown in Figure 1, the
lever B will follow by means of the expansion of the small spring A which occupies
the recess A² in the lever A; the said spring pushing upwards the small pin B³ and
lever B in which the pin B³ is fixed.
The exigencies in which this improved lever movement may be applied are
numerous and obvious to mechanical constructors and therefore I need only repeat
what has already been said in an earlier part of this specification, that motive power,
by hand or otherwise, may be applied to the free end of the third lever (C) and
its force being multiplied by the efficiency of the lever system, it may be utilized
or taken off at the free or acting ends (Y,Z) of the first and second levers (A and B).
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me, I declare
that what I claim is :-
The mechanical lever motion herein before described, that is to say, the two
parallel or side-by-side levers A and B operated by the peculiarly formed cam-sleeve C¹
and third lever C, substantially in the manner described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.