Improvements in Reversible Car Seats.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 9th July, 1895-Accepted, 10th Aug., 1895
[Communicated from abroad by THE POTTIER AND STYMUS Co. (Incorporated),
of 375 Lexington Avenue, in the City of New York, State of New York,
United States of America.]
Improvements in Reversible Car Seats.
I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of The Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of the present invention is to improve the construction of car seats
of that class in which the back may be shifted for facing in opposite directions,
and the improvements relate to the arms by which the back is reversed or changed
from one facing direction to another; to the foot-rest, which is automatically
shifted with the back, and thus brought into position for use on the rear side of
the seat to which it is applied, while on the front side it is carried out of the way
of the feet of the occupant of the seat; to the seat and back cushions for such
reversible back seats, but which may be used also in other seats and similar
constructions; to shifting the seat proper, when the back is reversed, and to
locking the back reversing arms.
The especial features which the inventor has in view, by the improvements
forming the subject of this invention, are, to avoid the danger of catching the
fingers between the arms in reversing, and to so arrange the two arms, that
in either normal position of the seat, they shall have the appearance of but a
single arm.
In carrying out the invention, the pairs of reversing arms lie in parallel planes,
and are so arranged that they are not separated at their inner edges between the
seat and back in reversing, thus affording no space for the fingers to enter, and by
making these arms of the same width, and so arranged as to lie one upon the other
above the seat in either normal position of the back, they have practically the
appearance of one arm, when looked at from the side.
For a full understanding of the invention, a detailed description of a seat
embodying all the features in their preferred form, and a modification thereof, will
now be given in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which―
Fig. I is a vertical section of the seat taken inside the frame on the line
of Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
-1
Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing the seat in its central position during
reversal.
Fig. 4 is a similar section, showing the seat reversed from the position shown
in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail of the upper ends of the reversing arms and locking
devices.
Fig. 6 is an edge view of the same.
Figs. 7 and 8 are sections, on respectively the lines 7-7 and 8-8 of Fig. 5.
Figs. 9 and 10 are respectively side and edge views of the arms.
Fig. 11 is a detail section on the line 11-11 of Fig. 1.
Figs. 12 to 17 show a slightly modified construction.

page_text: and 10.
Figs. 14 and 15 are respectively edge and side views of the locking devices, with
the cap removed.
Figs. 18 to 23 show the seat and back cushions in detail.
Fig. 18 is a central vertical section of the car seat and cushions.
Fig. 19 is a central longitudinal section of the seat cushion.
Fig. 20 is a bottom plan view of the same, with the frame partially broken
away.
Fig. 21 is a section of the seat cushion, on the line 4-4 of Fig. 20.
Fig. 22 is a central horizontal section of the seat back, on the line 5-5 of
Fig. 23.
Fig. 23 is a rear view of the seat back without the cover, and with the frame
partially broken away.
Fig. 24 is a cross section of the back, on the line 7-7 of Figs. 22 and 23.
Referring now particularly to Figs. 1 to 11 of said drawings, A represents the
side frames of the seat, provided with sills B, on which the seat C rests, the sills
and seat being inclined, as usual in such constructions, so as to change the incline
of the seat as the latter is shifted. Each of the sills B preferably consists of an
iron plate extending the length of the seat, and secured at opposite ends by being
bolted to lips 10 formed on the side frames A (see Fig. 11), the sills being
preferably provided with flanges 11 on their inner edges, for a purpose to be
described hereafter.
Pivoted to the side frames A by pivots 12, and preferably at each end of the
seat, are a pair of reversing arms D, D', the upper ends of which are pivoted to
the seat back as follows:-
At each end, the back E has secured thereto a plate 13, on which is the pivot 1
for the arm D, and over this plate extends the cap 14, having a supporting flange 15
and ears 16, by which it is secured to the plate 13 and back. This cap 14 is
provided with an inwardly extending pivot 2 for the arm D', the upper ends of the
two arms D D thus being mounted within the space between the cap 14 and back
plate 13 covered by the former, while by the pivoting of the arms one on the back
plate 13 and the other on the cap 14, each of the arms is permitted to overlie the
pivot of the other arm, so that the arms may lie side by side throughout their
entire length, without reducing the width of the arms, or cutting away the pivots.
As will be seen from the drawings, the arms D D¹, in the preferred_construction
shown, are duplicates, being reversed in assembling, so as to be pivoted to the side
frames and back on opposite sides of the vertical centre, and cross each other as
shown in the general views; and their construction is as follows, referring
particularly to the detail Figs. 9 and 10 :-
The arms have straight portions extending from the seat to the back, these
straight portions intersecting and lying one upon the other in the normal positions
of the arms, so that, being of equal width, there appears from the side to be but a
single arm in either normal position of the back, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, the
bent pivoting portions at the lower ends lying opposite the seat C. These inter-
secting straight portions of the arms are of such width, and the arms pivoted at
such points, that in reversing the seat the arms are not separated at their inner
edges, and all danger of catching the fingers between them is thus avoided, as
shown clearly in Fig. 3.
Each of the arms is provided with two stops for the other arm, so that each arm
provides a support for the other arm in the two normal positions, and the arms and
back are thus supported without any support on the seat frame other than the
pivots 12.
In order that the two arms may lie one upon the other, with their
edges in the same plane in the normal position of the back, these stops are in line
with the opposite edges of the arms. These stops may be formed in any suitable
manner, either by securing stop pieces or pins to the arms, or by forming the stops
integral therewith, as by bending or reducing the thickness of the arms, but the

page_text: construction shown is preferred, in which the arms are reduced in thickness
throughout the greater portion of their length, so as to form shoulders at the upper
and lower ends, these shoulders extending parallel with, and in line with the
opposite edges of each arm, so that they form extended bearing surfaces for the
edges of the other arm. The arm D has shoulders a b, and the arm D' is provided
with corresponding shoulders a''. The shoulders a a' not only form stops, but
also fill the spaces at the front of the cap 13 above the other arms in the normal
position of the back, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 4, thus improving the appearance
of the construction.
With these arms, any suitable locking device may be used, or no locking devices
need be provided. In the preferred construction shown, the arms D D are also
provided respectively with locking notches c, c' and at its outer edge each arm is
preferably constructed to form notches d d on the respective arms D D', for
holding the back in central position during reversal.
The locking device coacting with the notches c c and d d', preferably consists of
a bar 17 carried by a hollow stem 18, mounted to slide in the flange 15, and
normally spring-pressed inward by a spring 3. The bar 17 thus lies inside the
cap 14 opposite the ends of the arms D D', and it is held in position, and guided
by a pin 4 on the inner side running in a slot 5 in the plate 13. This bar 17 is
provided, at opposite ends, with projections 6, one of which engages in one of the
locking notches c c¹ of the arms D D', in either normal position of the back, and
locks the latter against movement, this locking being automatic on shifting the
back, the spring 3 forcing the bar 17 against the arms D D', so that the catch 6
passes into the notch in one of the arms, when the latter is brought opposite the
catch, by the full reversal of the back. Any suitable construction may be used,
by which the hollow stem 16 of the bar 17 may be drawn outward, so as to lock
the seat, but in the construction shown, this hollow stem 18. carries a pin 7, and a
key is used, which is adapted to enter the hollow stem, and is slotted to form a
bayonet joint, so that, when turned slightly, after insertion, the pin is held, and the
stem may be drawn outward with the bar 17, releasing the catch and unlocking the
arms. When the arms are in their central position, the catches 6, at opposite ends
of the bars 17, engage the notches d d', as shown in Fig. 3, and hold the back and
seat in central position, but the catches do not lock the back in this position, but
permit it to be fully reversed by pressure upon the back. The notches d d' may
be omitted, in case it is not desired to provide means for holding the seat in central
position.
The straight portions of the arms which lie upon each other in the normal
positions of the back, may be plain flat bars of metal, but in order to avoid friction
and wear of the arms, as well as to lighten the construction, it may be found
preferable to use bars of the form shown, reduced in thickness, so as to engage
only at their edges by shoulders 8, sufficient strength of construction thus being
secured, while at the same time reducing the friction and wear to a minimum.
The construction thus far described forms in itself a part of the invention,
independently of the foot rest now to be described, or the shifting of the seat, but
the invention includes also a shiftable foot-rest, and improved device for shifting
the seat proper, which will now be explained:
If the seat were not to be shifted, and no foot rest were to be used, it will be
understood that the arms D D¹ might terminate at the pivots 12, but in the
construction shown, these arms are provided with extensions f f¹ below the
pivots 12, and these extensions engage the upper ends of the levers 19, one of these
at each end of the frame preferably being employed, these levers being pivoted to
the frame at 20, and carrying at their upper ends pins 9, which engage slots in the
end frames of the seat C, so as to shift the latter with the levers 19. These
levers 19 also actuate the shiftable foot-rest, which will now be described.
The foot-rest may be of any suitable construction, but preferably is formed of a
metal frame, consisting of side bars 21, on the opposite ends of which are mounted

page_text: wooden bars 22, which form the foot rest bars, and this frame is shifted transversely
to the seat, in accordance with the facing direction of the seat, and preferably has
a sliding connection with some convenient portion of the seat frame, and is
arranged to be actuated by the back levers, so as to shift the foot-rest as the back
is reversed. The sliding connection between the foot rest and frame is preferably
some form of pin and slot connection, the slot being so formed as to secure the
desired movement of the foot-rest, as it is moved backward and forward.
It is desirable that the foot-rest should not only be projected at the rear of the
seat, and withdrawn from the front of the seat, when the back is reversed, but that
the foot-rest should also be carried out of the way of the feet of the occupant of
the seat, and lowered into convenient position at the rear of the seat for use.
In the construction shown, the result is secured by tilting the foot-rest at the
same time that it is shifted transversely to the seat, so as to raise the side of
the foot-rest at the front of the seat, and lower the side of the foot-rest at the rear
of the seat. This end is attained by providing the side frame A of the seat with
slots 23, which may be cut through the side frames, but preferably are formed, as
shown, upon the inner sides of the frame, so as not to show upon the outside of
the seat, these slots receiving lugs 24 secured to each of the side bars 21 of the
foot-rest, these lugs being of such form as to hold the foot rest steady in the
position to which it is shifted, while passing readily the central part of the slots 23.
The slots 23 are of sufficient length to permit the rest to be shifted back and forth,
so as to project the requisite distance beyond either side of the seat, these slots
being inclined downward in opposite directions from the centre of their length, each
of the inclined portions of the slot being of sufficient length to receive the lug 24,
this double incline slot securing the tilting of the foot rest in shifting, as previously
described. The portions of the double inclined slot are shown in the drawings as
straight, and this form is preferred to a curved slot, but it will be understood that
the form of the slot is immaterial, so long as it is so constructed as to tilt the
foot-rest as desired.
Stops 25 on the side frames A are preferably provided, which support the sides
of the foot-rest, so as to prevent the strain of the foot pressure being brought upon
the lugs 24. The side of the foot-rest not in use is brought up against the sill 10,
as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, and to secure a level bearing surface for the foot rest
against the sills, independently of the wear of the wooden rest bars, the flanges 11
previously described are used, which engage the metal bars 21.
The foot-rest may be shifted automatically on the reversal of the back by any
suitable means, and these means will vary with the construction of the seat to
which it is applied. With back reversing arms of the class shown, the levers 19
are preferably employed, these levers being provided with slots 26, which engage
studs 27 projecting inwardly from the bars 21 of the foot-rest, so that as these
levers 19 are oscillated, by the projections ff of the arms D D', in reversing the
back, the foot-rest is shifted, as shown.
The operation of the construction will be clear from Figs. 1, 3, and 4, showing
all parts of the seat in the two normal positions, aud in the central position in
reversing.
It will be seen from Fig. 3, that in reversing, as the studs 24 pass the central
portion of. the slots 23, both sides of the foot rest are raised some distance from
the floor, so as to give free access beneath seat for sweeping etc., and the seat is
held in this position, as previously described, by the catches 6 on the bar 17
engaging the notches d d' of the arms D D' with sufficient firmness for this purpose,
although not preventing the seat being entirely thrown over by the exertion of
slight force by the operator. A car may be cleaned very conveniently, therefore,
by simply throwing the backs into the central position shown in Fig. 3, thus raising
the foot-rests.
It will be understood that the foot-rest described herein may be used with other
back-shifting constructions, and in itself forms a part of the invention as claimed.

page_text: The two features of the improved back-reversing construction, and the shiftable
foot-rest, however, are preferably used together, forming a complete car-seat of
improved construction.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as applied to car seats,
and is of especial value as applied thereto, it is applicable also to other seats and
similar constructions employing a reversible member or shiftable foot-rest.
It will be understood that modifications may be made in the construction shown,
without departing from the invention. The broad features of the invention also
may be embodied in constructions not employing some of the more specific features.
Thus, while the special means above described for pivoting the arms D D' to
the seat back, so that each arm may pass the pivot of the other arms, is preferably
used, and this feature forms a part of the invention, the back-reversing arms may
be used without this feature. The lock above described also may be modified, and
other arrangements of notches and catches be substituted.
In. the construction shown in Figs. 12 to 17, both the arms D D' are pivoted
directly to the plate 16 on the back, and the cap 14 shown in dotted lines in
Fig. 14 is used only to cover the upper ends of the arms.
Each of the arms D D₁
has two locking notches c c on opposite sides of the ends of the arms, and a
notch on the inner edge below the stop. The function of these notches x x¹
is to permit the arms D D₁ to come into the same plane, and lie exactly one upon
the other throughout their width, when the seat back is in either of its normal
positions, these notches receiving the portion of the pivot pin 1 of the other arm
that lies outside the shoulder a. This result of permitting the arms to lie upon the
other, may also be secured without the notches x x¹, by cutting away one half of
the pivot 1 of each side arm D or D' opposite the other side arm.
The locking devices coacting with the locking notches c c¹ consist of a pair of
catch levers 33, spring-pressed by spring 34, so as to hold the hook catches at the
ends of the levers normally in one pair of the notches c c¹ on opposite sides of the
two arms D D¹. These catch levers 33 are rocked on their pivots to release -
the arms, when the seat is to be reversed, by rocking one of the levers by a key
inserted through a hole in cap 14 onto the squared arbor 4, this lever actuating the
other lever by a toe 5 projecting between toes 6 on the latter, so that the two
levers move together.
In this construction, the seat C is shown as shifted directly by the projections ff
of the arms D D¹, instead of by the foot-rest lever 19, these projections ƒƒ¹ carrying
pins 9. which engage in grooves in the seat. The arms D D in this construction
are shown as plain on their inner sides, instead of having the longitudinal grooves.
and shoulders 8 shown in Figs. 5 and 7.
The seat and back cushions embodying the cushion features of the invention,
will now be described in detail, as shown in Figs. 18 to 24.
Referring first to the seat cushion shown in Figs. 18 to 21, C C are the opposite
end bars, and C¹ C¹ the opposite side bars of the seat-cushion frame, a series of
cross bars or supports C", preferably curved downward to increase the capacity of
the frame as shown, connecting the side bars C' C¹ between the end bars C C.
Upon each of the end bars C C, and each of the cross bars C₁, is mounted a row
of vertical coiled springs a, having their smaller ends next the seat frame, and .
connected to the side bars and cross bars, so as to be readily removable therefrom,
preferably in the manner shown, by having their straight ends inserted into holes
in the bars, the downward pressure on the springs being sufficient to retain them in
place without clinching the ends. The top coils of the springs a are connected by
means of spring plates b, so as to hold the springs together to form an integral
spring body, and to fill the spaces between the springs, so that the spring body will
form a practically continuous support for upholstering mounted on a textile covering
placed directly upon the spring body. These spring plates are preferably arranged
in two sets, as shown, to extend diagonally across the spring frame at right angles.
to each other, and connected to the edge springs by loops 1 on the ends of the plates
encircling the top coils of the springs." The two series of spring plates b cross each.
г

page_text: other centrally of the inside springs, and the springs, at these intersections of the
plates, are secured to one of the plates by a loop 1, formed on, or attached to, the
plate, and by the outside coil of the spring lying over the same plate, while
the other plate is held in position by passing between the plate having the loop 1
and the top of the spring.
The outside springs a, all round the seat, are secured to spring plates c, preferably
of metal, which are secured together at the corners, but supported solely by the
edge springs, so as to form a complete spring edge, these plates being of metal, and
of such thickness and width as to be rigid edgewise, while flexible longitudinally,
the spring body thus formed resisting strongly pressure tending to move the body
edgewise, while the spring body, including the edge, is of such elasticity at all
points as to readily adapt itself to different conditions of use, such as a single
occupant at any point of a seat adapted for two or more occupants, or two or more
persons of different weights occupying the same seat.
The edge springs a are connected to the plates c by means of loops 1, similar to
the loops on the spring plates b. One especial object of the use of the loops 1, and
the detachable connection of the lower ends of the springs to the frame, and of the
arrangement of the spring plates b, as shown, is to make all the springs and plates
readily removable, so that a new spring or plate may readily be substituted for a
broken or bent one. Any of the springs may readily be removed by turning it
around, so as to unscrew the top coil from the loops 1, through which it passes, and
then raising the spring, so as to draw the smaller end out of the base frame, and it
will be seen that by thus unscrewing all the springs to which a spring plate b is
connected, such plate may be removed without removing the springs, and a new one
substituted.
It will be found that this construction provides a very efficient, comfortable, and
durable spring edge cushion, very strong against pressure tending to move the
cushion edgewise, while at the same time ensuring the desired elasticity at all
points and in all directions, and providing an extended supporting surface for the
upholstering.
Referring now to the back cushion shown in Fig. 18, and in detail in Figs. 22
to 24, E E are the end bars, E¹ E¹ the top and bottom bars, and E" a series of
vertical cross bars, seven being shown, connecting the bars E between the end
bars E E, and forming supports for the springs. Upon each of the top and
bottom bars E' E', is supported a series of springs, eight being shown in the
present case, arranged longitudinally of the back, these springs securing the
spring edge required at both horizontal edges of the cushion, in order that a spring
edge may be presented at the top in either position of the reversible back. These
coiled springs g are preferably mounted upon the bars E E¹ by ends inserted into
holes in the bars, as previously described in connection with the springs a of the
seat cushion, and are held in place next the upholstery by metal clips 4 at opposite
sides, securing the top coil to metal rods h, extending longitudinally of the back,
on opposite sides of the row of springs, and having their ends passed through eyes
formed preferably by staples 5 in the end bars E E, so as to have a limited amount
of play in the latter, although the elasticity of these rods may be such that their
ends may be rigidly secured on the end bars.
The central horizontal portion of the back is fitted with springs as follows, the
object being to provide a comfortable back divided into sections such that each
section shall form a comfortable seat back for one occupant, approximating the
upholstered back of a single chair.
In the longitudinal centre of the back, and supported upon the middle cross
bar E, is a vertical row of springs i, three being shown, having their top ends
secured by clips 4 at opposite sides to a spring rod k, forming a rectangle about the
springs, this spring section dividing the back into two chair sections. At opposite
ends, inside the end bars E E, is a vertical row of two springs 1, although more
than two may be used, if desired, these springs being secured by metal clips 4 at
opposite sides to spring rods k, as in the case of the springs i, and these spring

page_text: sections forming spring edges of the backs of the two chair sections. The sections
between the centre and end springs i, 1, which are the back sections, are occupied by
two vertical rows of springs m, each row being shown as consisting of two springs,
these springs being secured by clips 4 to spring rods k, forming rectangles enclosing
the four springs of each series, and these sections are preferably stiffened by spring
plates n, connecting the opposite sides of the rectangle formed by the rods k and
connected together in the centre by rivets 6, as shown.
The desired relative tensions of the springs in the longitudinal centre of the back,
and the desired relative elevations of the different portions of the back, substan-
tially as shown in Figs. 22 and 24, or varied as desired, are preferably secured by
putting the springs l, m, under the desired relative tensions, by means of strips of
canvas or similar material o, looped about the bars kat proper points, on opposite
sides of the rectangles formed by these bars, and having their ends secured to the
cross bars g. By this means, the relative heights of the springs may be adjusted,
and the bars put under such relative tensions as to secure, in connection with a
proper upholstering, the desired result, that is, a form approximating that of two
spring-edge chair-backs, with projecting portions or spring edges at the top and
bottom, these projecting portions being secured by the rows of springs g, which are
independent of the other springs.
Over the spring body thus formed, is the canvas covering p, secured to the end
and top and bottom bars; outside this, the filling s; and over the filling, the plush
or other covering t, which, as shown, preferably extends over both sides of the back,
as usual in such constructions.
It will be understood that modifications may be made in the construction of
both the seat and back cushions, without departing from the invention, and the
invention is not to be limited to the exact form or arrangement of the parts shown,
and that the seat and back cushions shown may be used in seats of other general
construction than those embodying the other features of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed (as communicated to me
from abroad), I declare that what I claim is :-
:-
1. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms pivotted to
the seat frame and back, on opposite sides of the vertical centre, the portions of
said arms between the seat and back lying in parallel planes, and overlapping each
other, and being of such width as to avoid separation at their inuer edges during
reversing, substantially as described.
2. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms pivotted to
the seat frame and back on opposite sides of the vertical centre, the portions of
said arms between the seat and back being of equal width, and lying in parallel
planes, and one upon the other, in the normal positions of the back, the width of
said portions being such as to avoid separation at their inner edges during reversing,
substantially as described.
3. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms pivotted to
the seat frame and back on opposite sides of the vertical centre, said arms having
straight portions extending from the seat to the back, and bent outward at their
lower ends, opposite the seat, for connection to the seat frame, the straight portions
of said arms lying in parallel planes, and overlapping, and being of such width as to
avoid separation at their inner edges during reversing, substantially as described.
4. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms pivotted to
the seat frame and back, on opposite sides of the vertical centre, said arms having
straight portions of equal width extending from the seat to the back, and bent
outward at their lower ends, opposite the seat, for connection to the seat frame, the
straight portions of said arms lying in parallel planes, and one upon the other, in
the normal positions of the seat, and being of such width as to avoid separation at
their inner edges during reversing, substantially as described.
5. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms pivotted to

page_text: said frame and back, on opposite sides of the vertical centre, and each of said arms
having a stop adapted to arrest the movement of, and support the other arm, the
portions of said arms between the seat and back lying in parallel planes, and over-
lapping each other, and being of such width as to avoid separation at their inner
edges, during reversing, substantially as described.
6. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms pivotted to
said frame and back, on opposite sides of the vertical centre, and each of said arms
having two stops thereon, on opposite sides of the line of intersection with the
other arm, adapted to arrest the movement of and support the latter, the portions
of said arms between the seat and back lying in parallel planes, and overlapping
each other, and being of such width as to avoid separation at their inner edges,
during reversing, substantially as described.
7. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms pivotted to
the seat frame and back, and lying in parallel planes, the back pivot of the inner
arm extending inwardly from said arm, and a cap on the back, outside the arms, in
which the outer arm is pivotted, whereby each of said arms is pivotted out of the
plane of movement of the other arm, substantially as described.
8. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms pivotted to
the seat frame and back, on opposite sides of the vertical centre, the portions of
said arms between the seat and back lying in parallel planes, and overlapping each
other, and being of such width as to avoid separation at their inner edges during
reversing, the back pivot of the inner arm extending inwardly from said arm, and
a cap on the back outside the arms, in which the outer arm is pivotted, whereby
each of said arms is pivotted out of the plane of movement of the other arm,
substantially as described.
9. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms pivotted to
the seat frame and back, on opposite sides of the vertical centre, the portions of
said arms between the seat and back being of equal width, and lying in parallel
planes, and one upon the other, in the normal position of the back, the width of
said portions being such as to avoid separation at their inner edges during reversing,
the back pivot of the inner arm extending inwardly from said arm, and a cap on
the back, outside the arms, in which the outer arm is pivotted, whereby each of
said arms is pivotted out of the plane of movement of the other arm, substantially
as described.
10. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms pivotted to
the seat frame and back, on opposite sides of the vertical centre, each of said arms
having stops on opposite sides of the line of intersection with the other arm,
adapted to arrest the movement of, and support the latter, the portions of said arms
between the seat and back lying in parallel planes, and overlapping each other,
and being of such width as to avoid separation at their inner edges during reversing,
the back pivot of the inner arm extending inwardly from said arm, and a cap on
the back, outside the arms, in which the outer arm is pivotted, whereby each of
said arms is pivotted out of the plane of movement of the other arm, substantially
as described.
11. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms pivotted to
said frame and back, on opposite sides of the vertical centre, and each of said arms
having two stops thereon, on opposite sides of the line of intersection with the other
arm, adapted to arrest the movement of, and support the latter, the portions of said
arms between the seat and back lying in parallel planes, and overlapping each
other, and being of such width as to avoid separation at their inner edges during
reversing, a foot rest, and connections for shifting said foot rest to opposite sides
of the seat by the movement of said arms, substantially as described.
12. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms pivotted to
said frame and back on opposite sides of the vertical centre, and each of said arms
having two stops thereon, on opposite sides of the line of intersection with the other
arm, adapted to arrest the movement of, and support the latter, the portions of said
arms between the seat and back lying in parallel planes, and overlapping each other,

page_text: and being of such width as to avoid separation at their inner edges during reversing,
a foot rest, and connections for shifting the seat and said foot rest in opposite
directions by the movement of said arms, substantially as described.
13. The combination with a shiftable seat back, of a foot rest having rest bars at
the front and rear of the seat, and connections between the back and foot rest, for
moving said foot rest, when the back is shifted, to carry the rest bar at the front of
the seat, out of the way of the occupant of the seat, and and carry the rest bar at
the rear of the seat into position ready for use, substantially as described.
14. The combination with a shiftable seat back, of a foot rest having rest bars
at the front and rear of the seat, connections between the back and foot rest for
moving said foot rest, when the back is shifted to carry the rest bar at the front of
the seat, out of the way of the occupant of the seat, and to carry the rest bar at the
rear of the seat into position for use, and supports on the frame for the rear side of
the foot rest, substantially as described.
15. The combination with a shiftable seat back, of a foot rest having rest bars at
the front and rear of the seat, and connections between the back and foot rest, for
raising the rest bar at the front of the seat, and lowering the rest bar at the rear of
the seat, when the back is shifted, substantially as described.
16. The combination with a shiftable seat back, of a foot rest having rest bars at
the front and rear of the seat, and connections between the back and foot rest, for
withdrawing and raising the rest bar at the front of the seat, and projecting and
lowering the rest bar at the rear of the seat, when the back is shifted, substantially
as described.
17. The combination with a shiftable seat back, of a foot rest having side bars
provided with a sliding connection with the seat frame, and rest bars at the front
and rear of the seat, and connections between the back and foot rest, for shifting
the foot rest transversely to the seat, when the back is shifted, substantially as
described.
18. The combination with a seat frame and back, of a foot rest having side bars
and rest bars at the front and rear of the seat, said side bars having an inclined slot
connection with the seat frame, whereby one rest bar is lowered and the other
raised, as the foot rest is shifted transversely to the seat, and connections between
the back and foot rest, for shifting the foot rest transversely to the seat, as the back
is shifted, substantially as described.
19. The combination with a seat frame and shiftable seat back, of oscillating
arms for shifting said back, a shiftable foot rest having rest bars at the front and
rear of the seat, and a lever actuated by the arms, and engaging the foot rest, for
shifting the latter, when the back is shifted, substantially as described.
20. The combination with a seat frame and shiftable seat back, of oscillating
arms for shifting said back, a shiftable foot rest having rest bars at the front and
rear of the seat, a shiftable seat, and a lever actuated by the arms and engaging
the foot rest and seat, for shifting the seat and foot rest, when the back is shifted,
substantially as described.
21. The combination with a seat frame and shiftable seat back, and seat, of a
pair of oscillating arms at one end of the back, for shifting said back, and having
extensions below their frame pivots, a lever mounted on the frame between said
extensions, and a pin and slot connection between said seat and lever, substantially
as described.
22. The combination with a seat frame and back, of back shifting arms, a foot
rest having side bars 21 and rest bars 22, a sliding slotted connection between the
foot rest and frame, connections between said foot rest and the back shifting arms,
and supports 25 on the frame, for the rear side of the foot rest, substantially as
described.
23. The combination with a seat frame and back, of back shifting arms, a foot
rest having side bars 21 and rest bars 22, double inclined slots 23 and lugs 24
forming a sliding slotted connection between the foot rest and frame, and connections
between said foot rest and back shifting arms, substantially as described.

page_text: 24. The combination with a seat frame and back, of back shifting arms, a foot
rest having side bars 21 and rest bars 22, double inclined slots 23 and lugs 24, forming
a sliding slotted connection between the foot rest and frame, and levers 19 actuated
by the back shifting arms, and connected with the foot rest, substantially as
described.
25. The combination with a seat frame A, having metal sills B provided with
flanges 11, of the shiftable foot rest having metal side bars 21 and wooden rest
bars 22 engaging respectively said flanges and sills, substantially as described.
26. The combination with a seat frame and back, of the reversing arms D D1
having straight intersecting central portions lying in parallel planes, and reduced
to form shoulders a, b, and a' b', at the opposite ends, in line with the opposite edges
of said straight portions, substantially as described.
27. The combination with a seat frame and back, of the reversing arms D D',
having straight intersecting central portions lying in parallel planes, and forming
the shoulders a band a¹ at the opposite ends, in line with the opposite edges of
said straight portions, and having edge notches c, d, receiving the pivots by which
the arms are connected to the said back, substantially as described.
28. The combination with a seat frame and back, of the reversing arms D D',
having straight intersecting central portions lying in parallel planes, and stops at
the opposite ends, in line with the opposite edges of said straight portions, and
having projections ff fr shifting the seat, substantially as described.
29. The combination with a seat frame and back, of the reversing arms D D',
having straight intersecting central portions lying in parallel planes, and stops at
the opposite ends in line with the opposite edges of said straight portions, and
having projections ff1 for shifting the seat, a foot rest, and connections by which
said foot rest is shifted by the projections f, in reversing the seat, substantially
as described.
30. The combination with a seat frame and back, of the reversing arms D, D¹,
having straight intersecting central portions reduced to form the shoulders a b
and a at opposite ends, in line with the opposite edges of said straight
portions, and having seat shifting projections f¹, levers 19 actuated by said
projections, foot rest F, having lugs 24, inclined slots 23 in the frame, and studs 27
on the foot rest, engaging levers 19, substantially as described.
31. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms having
intersecting central portions, and each provided with stops on opposite sides of said
intersection portions, and with edge locking notches at the ends at which said arms
are attached to the seat back, and locking devices engaging said notches and moving
edgewise of the arms, for locking and unlocking the latter, substantially as
described.
32. The combination with a seat frame and back, of the reversing arms D D¹,
provided with stops at the opposite ends, and having the edge locking notches c c
and locking devices engaging said notches, and moving edgewise of the arms,
substantially as described.
33. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms having
edge locking notches c c and spring pressed bar 17, sliding edgewise of the arms,
and having locking catches 6 at opposite ends, substantially as described.
34. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms having
locking notches c c', and holding notches dd', and sliding spring pressed bar 17
having locking catches 6 at opposite ends, substantially as described.
35. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms having
locking notches c c and holding notches d d¹, sliding spring pressed bar 17, having
locking catches 6 at opposite ends, and stem 18 constructed to be engaged by a key
for withdrawing the bar, substantially as described.
36. The combination with a seat frame and back, of reversing arms D D',
cap 13 on the back, in which the outer arm is pivoted, and shoulders a a¹ on the
arms, closing the front of said cap, substantially as described.
37. The combination with a cushion frame, of series of coil springs having one

page_text: end detachably connected to the frame, and spring plates connecting two edge
springs on opposite sides of the cushion and crossing the inside springs between said
edge springs, said plates being provided with loops in which the top coils of the
springs are detachably held, substantially as described.
38. The combination with a cushion frame, of series of coil springs having one
end detachably connected to the frame, and two sets of diagonal spring, plates
extending at right angles to each other, and connecting two edge springs on opposite
sides of the cushion, and crossing the inside springs between said edge springs, said
plates being provided with loops in which the top coils of the springs are detachably
held, substantially as described.
39. The combination with a cushion frame, of coil springs having one end
detachably connected to the frame, edge spring plates detachably secured to, and
supported by the outside springs, and secured together at the corners to form a
fraine extending about the cushion, and spring plates connecting the tops of the
springs together to form a single spring body, and detachably secured to the springs,
substantially as described.
40. The combination with a cushion frame, of coil springs arranged in rows
longitudinally of, and transversely to the frame, and having one end detachably
connected to the frame, edge spring plates detachably secured to, and supported
by the outside springs, and secured together at the corners to form a frame extending
about the cushion, and diagonal spring plates connecting the tops of the springs
together, and detachably secured to the springs, and crossing centrally of sets of
four springs, substantially as described.
l
41. The combination with a cushion frame, of springs a detachably mounted on
the frame, edge spring plates c having loops receiving the top coils of the edge
springs, and two sets of diagonal spring plates b, extending at right angles to each
other, and connecting two edge springs on opposite sides of the cushion, and having
loops 1, receiving the top coils of the springs, substantially as described.
42. The combination with a cushion frame, of springs a having straight ends
entering openings in the frame, edge spring plates having loops / receiving the
top coils of the edge springs, and two sets of diagonal spring plates b, extending at
right angles to each other, and connecting two edge springs on opposite sides of the
cushion, and having loops / receiving the top coils of the springs, substantially as
described.
13. A cushion having a spring edge formed by a row of coiled springs in
combination with spring rods on opposite sides of the springs, to which the top coils
of the springs are connected at opposite sides, said spring rods extending longitu-
dinally of the cushion, and having their ends supported directly on the frame, and
held in place thereon by means permitting the rods to move longitudinally
substantially as described."
44. A seat back having independent spring sections arranged longitudinally of
the back, and forming respectively a raised vertical portion dividing the seat into
separate chair sections, and backs for the separate chair sections, and having a
spring edge or edges formed by a row of coil springs having their top coils
connected at opposite sides to spring rods extending longitudinally of the back,
and having their ends supported on the frame, substantially as described.
45. A seat back having independent spring sections arranged longitudinally of
the back, and forming respectively a raised vertical portion dividing the seat into
separate chair sections, and backs for the separate chair sections, and having a
spring edge or edges formed by a row of coil springs having their top coils
connected at opposite sides to spring rods extending longitudinally of the back, and
having their ends supported on the frame, textile material covering the spring body
thus formed, and having its edges secured to the frame, and upholstering supported
on the textile material, substantially as described.
46. The combination with the side and end bars of a seat back, of edge rows of
springs g at top and bottom of the back, spring rods h on opposite sides of the springs
extending between the end bars, and having their ends supported thereon, clips 4

page_text: connecting the opposite sides of the springs to the rods, and a spring body between
the edge springs, substantially as described.
47. The combination with a seat back frame, of a transverse row of springs i,
forming a raised spring section dividing the seat back, springs m forming independent
back sections on opposite sides of the dividing section, rows of springs i outside the
back sections, forming spring side edges for the back sections, spring rods k
enclosing each of said spring sections, and clips 4, connecting the springs to the
rods, substantially as described.
48. The combination with a seat back frame, of a transverse row of springs i
forming a raised spring section dividing the seat back, springs m forming
independent back sections on opposite sides of the dividing section, rows of springs i
outside the back sections, forming spring side edges for the back sections, spring
rodsk enclosing each of said spring sections, clips 4, connecting the springs to the
rods, and spring plates n in each back section, connecting the opposite sides of
the section, and secured together at their intersection, substantially as described.
49. The combination with a seat back frame, of a transverse row of springs i,
forming a raised spring section dividing the seat back, springs m forming independent
back sections on opposite sides of the dividing section, rows of springs i outside the
back sections, forming spring side edges for the back sections, a longitudinal row or
rows of springs forming independent spring edge or edges, and a covering of flexible
material extending over the spring sections and edge or edges, and secured to the
frame, substantially as described.
50. The combination with a seat back frame, of a transverse row of springs i
forming a raised spring section dividing the seat back, springs m forming
independent back sections on opposite sides of the dividing section, rows of springs i
outside the back sections, forming spring side edges for the back sections,
longitudinal rows of springs at top and bottom of the back, forming spring edges,
rods h extending between the end bars of the frame, and having their ends supported
thereon, and clips 4 connecting the springs g to the rods, substantially as
described.
51. The combination with a seat back frame, of a transverse row of springs i,
forming a raised spring section dividing the seat back, springs m forming independent
back sections on opposite sides of the dividing section, rows of springs i outside the
back sections, forming spring side edges for the back sections, spring rods & enclosing
each of said spring sections, clips 4, connecting the springs to the rods, longitudinal
rows of springs g at top and bottom of the back, forming spring edges, rods h
extending between the end bars of the frame, and having their ends supported
thereon, and clips 4 connecting the springs g to the rods, substantially as
described.
Dated this 8th day of July 1895.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.