An Improved Hydraulic Motor.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 29th July, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 29th May, 1893-Accepted, 28th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Hydraulic Motor.
I, JEAN MOLAS, of 66 Clifton Street Finsbury, in the County of London,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to an automatic reversible hydraulic motor.
In carrying out my invention I employ two turbines, hereinafter termed motive
turbines, placed on bearings in which their common shaft, hereinafter termed the
front shaft, is arranged, the said front shaft transmitting the force received by these
turbines to two fly-wheels or pulleys.
Another turbine, hereinafter termed the generative turbine has on its shaft,
hereinafter termed the back shaft, supports at each side a wheel entirely toothed
and another toothed only upon a part of its circumference.
Between the motive and generative turbines is a shaft, hereinafter termed the
central shaft supporting two wheels entirely toothed, hereinafter termed central
wheels, and corresponding to the two wheels entirely toothed of the back shaft but
having a larger diameter. This shaft is driven by the central wheels and actuates
two pumps which have for object to furnish the pressure to the motive turbines,
either on the right, or on the left; thus a motive turbine receives all the pressure
for running forward, and the other for running backward.
On each side of the engine is a toothed quadrant lever moving upon its axle so
that its teeth are engaged by the partly toothed wheels of the back shaft, the said
levers being weighted. A small pump is placed under each lever and its piston is
fixed on the lever itself.
Each turbine which is enclosed in a casing has its interior wheel arranged so as
to only allow water to pass over its floats and thereby concentrate all the action
of the water over its circumference. The casing containing the turbine for this
purpose only allows sufficient space for the free rotation of the wheel. Each
motive turbine has its floats differently inclined from the other and the generative
turbine has its floats inclined backwards, the column of compressed water exerting
its action upon two or more floats at the same time. A small opening is made
under the wheel and arranged so as to only allow the escape for a quantity of
water equal to that furnished by corresponding pistons in such a manner that these
two quantities being equally regulated by a feed cock can have their different
movements at the same time.
The turbines, levers, pumps, and other small organs are contained within a frame
supporting a tank, the said tank containing all the water necessary for working
as the only loss is that arising from evaporation through the openings over the
turbines.
The four pumps directly raise the water from the tank, and the three turbines
drive back this water. All the turbines are in communication with the atmosphere
by an opening in the upper part, for allowing the free movement of the water on
its return to the tank.
The compression is effected by means of the two quadrant levers the weight.
of which is utilized to automatically exert power at a distance calculated from
their fulcrum, so as to multiply the force of this weight on their compressing
pistons, which they raise and lower alternately to compress the water necessary for
actuating the motive turbine.
The two partly toothed wheels are fixed upon the shaft of the generative turbine

page_text: in such a manner that, when a lever falls, this turbine or the common shaft being
actuated, the other lever is raised at the same time by means of its corresponding
partly toothed wheel, and vice versa. Thus, at the same time, the central pumps
being actuated by the completely toothed wheels of the back shaft compress the
water necessary for actuating the motive turbines.
The diameter or surface of the column of water passing over the floats of the
generative turbine should be several times greater than that of the corresponding
pumps. The quantity of compressed water forced into this column by two strokes
of the pistons of the generative turbine is calculated in the proportion of,
,etc. of that contained between the floats of this turbine and it only passes into
its column as the passage of each float comes into contact with this column. Each
float before coming into this contact allows a small quantity of water to escape
which quantity is regulated by a fixed cock beneath the wheel so as to equalise
the quantities of liquid entering and escaping in order to insure a complete and
exact revolution of the wheel for each two strokes of the piston. The floats being
equal each float on arriving in contact with the column of water can only take the
quantity required to make up the total capacity and the total quantity of water
furnished by two strokes of the piston is spread exactly and regularly over the
whole circumference of the wheel.
Further this system of discharge given to each float before its arrival in pressure
contact neutralizes any loss from, pressure which may have been able to enter in the
opposite direction, as any pressure which may have been able to penetrate to the
lower floats would never be sufficient to overcome the vacuum produced by
the quantity previously discharged.
The liquid previously compressed and discharged into a space greater than its
volume can exert no pressure upon the walls of this space in freely retaking its
original volume.
A. small supplementary quantity of water is necessary for a good regulation and
this is obtained by means of a feed-cock fixed under the turbine and at the
rear of the engine.
The motive turbines which are of a diameter double, triple or more of the
generative turbine, have their columns of water several times superior to that of
the corresponding pumps, and the quantity of water forced into their columus by a
stroke of the piston is calculated and regulated as above, but their feed-cocks moved
by a hand lever fixed at the rear of the engine, remain always in position for
accelerating or moderating the speed of the engine itself.
The engine when it stops has always one lever suspended by the end at its full
height upon a rack-rod which is moved by a hand lever at the rear of the
engine.
The starting is instantaneously obtained by moving the rack-rod backwards
thereby allowing the suspended lever to fall to immediately actuate the generative
turbine which at the same time raises the other lever in order to continue the
movement.
The speed is regulated, accelerated or moderated by moving the hand lever
which opens or closes the feed-cocks of the motive turbines.
The reversal of the engine is obtained by means of a distributing valve which is
moved by a hand lever. This distributing valve has for object, to send the com-
pressed water either to one or the other of the two motive turbines, but the
movement of this valve may be slowly effected in two or three strokes of the
pistons of the central pumps in such a manner as to allow progressively the com-
pressed water to pass into the opposite motive turbine which may be actuated
without stoppage. The final stoppage is effected by suspending the end of a
single lever upon its corresponding rack-rod, when this lever arrives at its full
height.
;
The abrupt stoppage can be effected by reversing the compressed water into
the opposite motive turbine, and suspending immediately a lever as above stated.

page_text: It is to be understood that a single generative turbine with its levers and other
small organs, constitutes a motor, but not a reversible motor and possessing less
power than the reversible motor described above.
Dated the 28th day of July 1892.
5.
G. F. Redfern & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
Improved nyaraune motor.
1, JEAN MOLAS, of 66, Clifton Street, Finsbury, in the County of London,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to an automatic hydraulic motor, and is illustrated in the
accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the improved hydraulic motor.
Figure 2 is a plan, and,
Figure 3 is a rear elevation of the same.
Figures 4 to 17 are views of parts of the motor.
Similar letters in all the figures indicate similar parts.
In carrying out my invention I employ two turbines a and which I term motive
turbines mounted on a shaft e revolving in bearings d d the shaft c transmitting the
force received by the said turbines to a fly-wheel e and a pulley
Figures 4 and 5 are respectively sections at right angles to each other of the
turbine b.
Another turbine y which I term a generative turbine has on its shaft a wheel i
entirely toothed and two others j and toothed only upon a part of their
circumference.
Figures 6 and 7 are respectively sections at right angles to each other of the
turbine g.
Between the shafts c and of the turbines is a crank shaft supporting a spur
wheel gearing with the wheel but having a larger diameter. The shaft/
actuates two pumps n and o which have for object to supply water under pressure
to either of the turbines a or b according to the direction in which the shaft c is
required to revolve.
C
Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of the pumps n and o and Figures 9 and 10
are sections respectively on the lines 9-9 and 10-10, Figure 8.
p and q are two weighted toothed quadrant levers one on each side of the engines
fulcrummed upon two short shafts the teeth of the said levers being arranged to
engage alternately with the partly toothed wheels j, k in the manner hereinafter
described.
Figures 11 and 12 are respectively an clevation and a plan of one of the quadrant
levers.
rands are small pumps placed under the levers p and q respectively the pistons t, t
of the pumps being connected to the levers.
Figures, 13, 14 and 15 are respectively a plan, a vertical section, and an end view
of the pump s.
The wheels of the turbines a, b and g are enclosed in casings arranged so as to
concentrate all the action of the water upon the floats on their circumference.
Each of the turbines a and b has its floats a differently inclined from the other and
the turbine y has its floats inclined to work in the direction of the arrow Figure 1,
the column of compressed water exerting its action upon two (or more) floats at the
same time. The discharge openings in the turbines are of such a size as will

page_text: anow the passage of a quanity
qual to chat supp
two quantities in the case of the turbines and being equally regulated by means
of sliding plates or valves actuated by toothed quadrants w¹, c', respectively
from a regulating shaft y. is a cock or valve also connected to the shaft y for
controlling the supply of water to the turbine g.
The turbines, levers, pumps, and other mechanism are contained within a frame A
which frame also contains a tank the said tank serving to hold the water necessary
for the working of the motor as the only loss of water is that arising from
evaporation.
=
Figure 16 is a longitudinal section of the tank and Figure 17 is a section on
the line 17-17, Figure 16.
The four pumps n, v, r, s directly raise the water from the tank 2 and the three
turbines b and greturn the water to the said tank. The turbines a, b and the
turbine are in communication respectively with the atmosphere through an
opening a' in the tank and a tube leading from an opening in the casing of the
turbine g so as to allow the free movement of the water discharged from the
turbines to the tank.
The compression of the water to drive the turbine g is effected by means of the
two quadrant levers, the weight of which is utilized to operate the pistons t, t
of the pumps r, s, the said pistons being connected to the levers p, q at a point so
calculated from their fulcrum, as to considerably multiply the force of this weight
on the pistons, which are raiseil and lowered alternately as hereinafter described.
The two partly toothed wheels j, ke are fixed upon the shaft of the turbine g
diametrically opposite one another so that when either of the levers p, q falls, the
turbine being actuated by the pump of the falling lever rotates the shaft h and
raises the other lever by nieans of the partly toothed wheel or corresponding
therewithat the same time, the pumps n, o being actuated from the shaft h by
the toothed wheels i, m compress the water necessary for actuating either of the
turbines a, b. This actuation of the pumps n, o is effected by the surplus force of
the turbine that is to say, the excess of force beyond that which is required to
lift each quadrant lever.
The diameter of the wheels i, m as well as the throw of the cranks of the shaft /
are calculated so as to increase the surplus force of the turbine g.
The area of the column of water passing over and actuating the floats of the
turbine can be greater than, equal to, or less than that of each piston t.
The stroke of the pumps is calculated to furnish a quantity of liquid slightly
in excess of that required to turn the turbine half a revolution in order to ensure
the starting of the motor by liberating the raised lever.
Two consecutive strokes of the pumps r, s combined produce by means of the
turbine g, the consecutive elevation of the levers to an equal height.
The quadrant levers p, y and the wheels j, & are so proportioned that the are
described by the periphery of each quadrant lever in its total movement is a little
shorter than half the circumference of either wheel, the difference being the
distance moved by each wheel (after having lifted its corresponding quadrant lever
to its highest position) in order to escape from gear and let the lever fall. This
difference also produces a slight interval or space between the last tooth of the
lever arriving at the end of its course and the first tooth of the wheel coming into
gear therewith so that the lever has still. a short distance to fall before being
engaged by the said wheel thereby ensuring the movement of the turbine g, by one
lever up to the point at which the other lever is released which latter then continues
the movement of the turbine and so on.
q
will
Suppose the parts to be in the position shown in Figure 1, that is to say the
lever pin engagement with its wheel j and the lever having slight distance to
fall before the wheel & engages therewith to lift it, the fall of the lever
cause the pump s to force a quantity of water (which is the excess hereinbefore
referred to over the quantity required to turn the turbine half a revolution) into
the turbine, sufficient to disengage the teeth of the wheel j and lever p.

page_text: Assuming that the height of elevation of the levers p, q is determined by the
calculated diameter of the wheels j, it is to be understood that, if the second
lever arriving toward the end of its fall, is engaged by its corresponding wheel at
a point a little higher than that of the first lever, that is to say that the second
lever has reduced its movement in such a manner as to only furnish the quantity of
water strictly necessary to produce the next half revolution of the turbine 9, then
not only the level of fall is positively regulated for the admission of water into the
turbine, but also, by means of the difference between the arc of each lever and the
circumference of its wheel herein before mentioned, one lever always falls before
the other is engaged by its wheel.
To ensure a good and exact regulation of the working of the motor, it is
necessary that the difference of the level of fall between the first and the second
lever does not exceed the thickness of the first tooth of either lever in order to
insure the exact engagement with their wheels without any mistake. Consequently
these pinions are fixed upon the shaft so as to be diametrically opposite as
hereinbefore described.
I have arranged the levers p, q in such a manner that when each is raised to its
full height, the greater part of the weight supported at its extremity is above the
horizontal line of its axis, in order that the force exerted upon its pump piston by
its fall is greater than that exerted at the same moment by the other lever just
arrived near the end of its fall. This arrangement has for object to insure the
proper working of the valves el el within the chamber of the turbine g.
I sometimes provide the turbine y with an additional opening through which a
second and superior pressure can be exerted on the said turbine. For this purpose
1 connect to this opening a pipe c', which by means of a cock d puts this turbine
in direct communication with the chamber of the pumps n, o or either of the
motive turbines a or b the superior pressure of which thus increases the force of
the turbine g.
By this arrangement it will be understood that, if the pipe of high pressure is
large enough to furnish all the necessary water to the turbine g the movement of
the levers p, q can be completely stopped.
In some cases in addition to the pipe I may employ a pipe leading from the
discharge openings of either of the motive turbines to increase the pressure
actuating the generative turbine.
The inlet and outlet openings of the turbines a, b are arranged at the top of the
said turbines so that the latter are always full of water in order to be always
ready for starting. Each float of either of these turbines before coming into
contact with the pressure of water furnished by the pumps , o allows a small
quantity of water to escape through the opening v. This quantity is regulated as
hereinbefore stated by the shaft y through the medium of the valve w and as the
valve is actuated equally with the valve w, the water introduced through the
inlet opening is consequently equal to the water discharged through the opening.
The floats u of either turbine a or being equal, each float on arriving in contact
with the pressure of water from the pumps n, o can only take the quantity required
to make up its total capacity, and consequently the total quantity of water furnished
by two strokes of the said pumps that is to say a stroke of each pump being
exactly spread over the whole number of the floats of either turbine clearly shews
that the regulation of the feed and the discharge made by one single movement of
the shaft y can regulate the speed of the motor.
This system of discharge allowed to each float before it comes into contact with
the pressure from the pumps n, o equally neutralizes the effect of any escapement
from the pressure, which might enter in the opposite direction, because this
escapement would never be sufficient to overcome the vacuum produced by the
quantity previously discharged. In fact, the liquid previously compressed and
discharged into a space greater than its volume can exert no pressure upon the
walls of this space in freely retaking its original volume.

page_text: The turbines 11, b which are of a diameter greater than that of the turbine g
have their columns of water larger than that of the pumps n, o in order to multiply
their force.
Each stroke of the pumps n, o, divided as herein before stated, can consequently
obtain one or several revolutions from a turbine having a column of water one or
several times larger than that of these pumps, also a diameter several times
greater than the height of the movement of their corresponding piston.
Consequently my system of discharge combined with my system of regulation
for obtaining the escapement of water gradually and proportionally to the admission
into either of the turbines a, b allows me to obtain the rapid rotative movement of
a large column of water, by means of a small quantity of compressed water.
The motor when it is stopped has always one quadrant lever in its raised position,
in which position it is held by a sliding bolt or rack-rod f¹ operated by a hand-
lever at the rear of the engine, the said rod engaging in an opening
The starting of the motor is instantaneously obtained by moving the engaged
rack-rod backwards, thereby allowing the hitherto suspended lever to fall and to
immediately actuate the turbine g which at the same time raises the other quadrant
lever and so on continuously.
The speed of the motor as hereinbefore described is regulated by moving the
shaft y, a handle being provided for this purpose. This shaft y opens or closes
the valves, and y' by the same movement.
In order to indicate the position of the said valves, a pointer j¹ is fixed upon the
shafty and works over a scale k¹.
The reversal of the motor is obtained by the full movement of the shaft y which
cuts off the communication from the pumps n, o to one of the turbines a or band
opens communication with the other turbine.
The stoppage of the motor is effected-1st by closing the pipe c', 2nd by
suspending a single quadrant lever upon its corresponding rack-rod when this lever
arrives at its full height; and 3rd by putting the shaft y in its central position.
It is to be understood that the generative turbine g with its levers p, q and its
other parts constitutes a motor but not a reversible motor and it possesses less
power than the reversible motor described above.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A hydraulic motor operated by means of two equal weights alternately
forcing water into a generative turbine, the operation of the said weights being
effected by partly toothed wheels in such a manner that one is released to fall
before the other is commenced to be raised substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The combination with a motor such as that described in the preceding
claiming clause of gear wheels for augmenting the force of the said motor, pumps
operated by the said gear-wheels and a turbine or turbines driven by the said
pumps, substantially as described.
3. In a hydraulic motor of the kind herein before described the combination
with the generative turbine of a pipe such as c', whereby a pressure greater than
that imparted through the initial force of the weight is communicated to the said
turbine by the pumps, o driven by the said turbine or by the motive turbines,
substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
4. In a hydraulic motor of the kind hereinbefore described the combination with
the generative turbine of a pipe such as c¹ and an additional pipe leading from the
discharge openings of either of the motive turbines to the said generative turbine
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
5. The combination with the herein described arrangement of lever-weights,
pumps n, o and turbines a, b, g of the valves w, and y' for regulating the

page_text: admission and discharge of the compressed water to and from the turbines by
simply operating a regulating shaft, substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
6. In a hydraulic motor of the kind hereinbefore described the combination of
quadrant levers forming the weights with the pumps for transmitting the augmented
force of the weights through the medium of liquid to the generative turbine
actuating a driving shaft carrying partly toothed wheels for raising the weights,
the whole constituting a non-reversible hydraulic motor, substantially as herein-
before described.
7. The general arrangement and construction of the improved reversible
hydraulic motor hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.