IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING
Year: 1884

page_text: I ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING," to be as follows:-
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The object of this invention is to provide an improved construction of apparatus
for raising and lowering weights whereby a great weight can be raised by the
application of a very small power; and it relates particularly to such hoisting
apparatus in which, with slow speed, great power is gained by the combination of
two cog-rings having different numbers of teeth and a pinion arranged to mesh
with its teeth into those of the said two cog-rings simultaneously, the teeth of the
pinion thus acting as a wedge, so to speak, between the teeth of one of the said cog-
rings and those of the other, thus causing them to revolve, slowly in' opposite
directions.
The invention consists in the construction and combination of the various parts,
by which a difference in speed and effect is gained and power changed from fast to
slow, and vice versa, and by which, for saving time, the lowering may be effected
much faster than the hoisting, &c as will be hereinafter described.
To timbers or a portion of the frame work are attached bearings in which is
mounted (either directly or by intervening sleeves) the shaft of the hoisting
apparatus, which is operated by winches or pulleys attached at the ends of the said
shaft.
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The hoisting-drum.or chain drum is by its hub so mounted as to revolve loosely
upon the aforesaid shaft. Cast together in one piece with the hub are, circular
disks having continuous flanges upon their edges and cogs upon the inside of the
said flanges, thus forming internally-geared wheels to and around the outside of
which is secured the circumferential casting of the drum. The internally toothed
wheels have both the same number of teeth say forty two. Adjacent to these
wheels are similar toothed flanges cast upon circular disks which by their.hubs, are
mounted to revolve loosely upon the shaft and the said disks have upon their outer
circumference teeth or notches to form stop wheels for a purpose that will presently
appear The parts when put together are kept in their relative positions by the
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fact that the hubs of the loose circular disks fill the space between the bearings of
the shaft The said hubs are preferably provided with the above mentioned sleeve
extensions which surround sleeves and turn in the bearings of the shaft so that the
shaft is free to turn in the sleeve the latter in the sleeves extensions and these last
ones in the bearings. Upon the shaft is fastened by a key a pinion which by
means of an intermediate idler wheel is constantly in gear with the internally
toothed wheels, the teeth of the said idler meshing into the teeth of the said two
wheels simultaneously. Upon the shaft is also keyed another pinion, which, by
means of three intermediate idlers is kept in constant gear with the teeth of the
wheels or toothed flanges the teeth of the said idlers, meshing into the teeth of the
said two wheels simultaneously."
In order to not always act as idlers (but to communicate motion direct from the
winch or pulley, for increasing the speed in lowering, as will be hereinafter
described) the intermediate wheels are pivoted between pairs of plates or spider
arms the members of each pair being bolted together and, one member of each
pair forming part of, or being rigidly attached to, one of the herein above mentioned
sleeves respectively.
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If the circular loose disks are allowed to rotate with the shaft no effect is gained
for hoisting purposes
purposes; but if one of them be stopped and retained stationary the
teeth of its cog-ring will act as the fulcra upon which to move the drum-wheel by
means of the pinion and idler, and thus the weight may be raised.
II
In order to utilize the difference between the gains of power obtained at the
opposite sides of the drum by suitably gearing the different wheels it is only
necessary to provide suitable means for alternately stopping or retarding the
motion of the flanges at either side. For this purpose the following shifting
apparatus is provided. In bearings upon a bracket secured in any suitable manner
to the frame or timber is mounted a shaft upon which is secured a lever extending
on opposite sides of the shaft and arranged to engage with its ends into a notch of
one or the other flange respectively, by. the rocking of the shaft. Upon the front
end of this shaft are fitted by their bored hubs two cog-segments having different
numbers of teeth one segment being thus fitted upon the shaft, but kept from
turning with the latter by having a tail or projection entered in a notch in the
frame and the other segment, secured by a keep, upon the shaft, so as
as to always
move with the latter..
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A bandle is formed in one piece with a U shaped bracket, having bored hubs,
by which it is pivotted upon the shaft last referred to so as to enclose the two
segments.
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A pinion pivotted in gear with the two segments upon a pin, which secured to
the U shaped bracket, so that when the handle is oscillated upon the shifting gear
shaft the said pinion in traversing the surface of the segments simultaneously, will
shift the position of the same laterally, according to the difference in the numbers
of teeth. The said difference is only great enough to insure that the one end of
the lever will always be in contact with the stops of the loose circular disks, while
the other is out of such contact.
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When it is desired to throw one side of the machine in gear it is only necessary
to move the hand-lever in position to interlock the lever with that side of the
machine which is intended to be thrown into gear.
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Any construction of the handle other than that described will act just a
efficiently, so long as one of the segments is secured upon the shifting gear-shaft
and the other kept stationary and the 'pinion, pivoted to the handle is kept in, gear
with both segments. It is not necessary to provide any special means for retaining
the handle in any position, as the friction due to the differential gear and the small
difference between the numbers of teeth on the segnients is amply sufficient to
retain it in any desired position as against any power for which the crane may
be used.
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The main shaft may be stationary (and serve only to support the crane) and the

page_text: said stationary shaft, in which case, of course, the winches or pulleys should be
attached to the ends of the said sleeve, which latter consequently, would then
serve all intents and purposes of the shaft.
The racks of the shifting gear may be made straight instead of segmental so long
as one of them is kept stationary and the other secured to the corresponding shaft
or to an equivalent stopping-bar, the movement of the bar effected by the rotation
of the pinion being rectilinear instead of circular, as when segments are used.
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Referring to the device previously mentioned for increasing the speed in lowering
the sleeves have each a clutch plate secured to its end, and upon the ends of the
main shaft in juxtaposition to the said clutch plates are secured similar clutch
plates or hubs. The winches or pulleys are movable upon the main shaft by means
of hubs which have teeth or clutch faces on opposite sides suitable to engage either
member of the aforesaid respective clutch-pairs, the space between the members
of each pair being such, that the winch-clutch, when slid out of contact with one
of the said members, will be in working contact with the member opposite.
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page_text: I ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the county of Middlesex,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING" A communication from John A. Caldwell
of Bay Ridge, New York, United States of America, Engineer, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to provide an improved construction of apparatus
for raising and lowering weights, whereby a great weight can be raised by the appli-
cation of a very small power; and it relates particularly to such hoisting apparatus
in which, with slow speed, great power is gained by the combination of two
cog-rings having different numbers of teeth and a pinion arranged to mesh with
its teeth into those of the said two cogrings simultaneously, the teeth of the pinion
thus acting as a wedge, so to speak, between the teeth of one of the said
cog-rings and those of the other, thus causing them to revolve slowly in opposite
directions.
The invention consists in the construction and combination of the various parts
by which a difference in speed and effect is gained and power changed from fast to.
slow and vice versa, and by which for saving time, the lowering may be effected
much faster than the hoisting &, as will be hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1. represents a sectional elevation of this
improved crane, the sectiou being taken on the line w. w of Figure 3. and seen in
the direction of arrow 1.
Figure 2 is a front elevation of the same.
Figure 3. is a cross section of the same, taken on the broken line x x of Figure 1.
and seen in the direction of arrow 2.
Figure 4. is a similar section of the same, taken on the line y. y. of Figure 1. and
seen in the direction of arrow 3.
Like letters of reference indicate like parts in the several figures.
A represents timbers or a portion of the frame work to which are attached
bearings a in which bearings is mounted (either directly or by intervening
sleeves N. O. as shown in Figure 1) the shaft B of the hoisting apparatus,
which is operated by winches P. P¹ (or pulleys) attached at the ends of the said
shaft.
C is the hoisting-drum or chain-drum, which, by its hub c is mounted to revolve
loosely upon the shaft B-Cast together in one piece with the hub c are circular
disks fhaving continuous flanges upon their edges and cogs upon the inside of the
said flanges thus forming internally-geared wheels c¹ c², to and around. the outside
of which is secured the circumferential casting of the drum C. as shewn in Figure 1.
The gear wheels c¹ c² have both the same number of teeth say forty-two teeth-
Adjacent to the gear wheels c'. c² are similar toothed flanges d. e' cast upon the
circular disks D. E respectively, which disks by their hubs are mounted to revolve
loosely upon the shaft B and the said disks D. E have upon their outer circum-
ference teeth or notches to form stop wheels de, for the purpose as will presently
appear.
The parts when put together as in Figure 1. are kept in their relative positions
by the fact that the hubs of the disks D. E fill the space between the bearings a
The said hubs are, preferably provided with the above designated sleeve-
extensions Ọ which surround the sleeves N. and turn in the aforesaid bearings a so
that the shaft B is free to turn in the sleeves N the latter in the sleeves and
these last ones in the bearings a Upon the shaft B is fastened by a key b the

page_text: pinion 6', which by means of an intermediate idler F, is constantly in gear with
the wheels dc, the teeth of the said idler F. meshing into the teeth of the said
two wheels simultaneously. Upon the shaft B. is also keyed a pinion b which by
means of three intermediate idlers G. is kept in constant gear with the teeth of the
wheels c² and c¹ the teeth of the said idlers G meshing into the teeth of the said
two wheels c c¹ simultaneously. In order to not always act as idlers (but to
communicate motion direct from the winch or pulley, for increasing the speed, in
lowering, as will be hereinafter described) the intermediate wheels F. G. are pivoted
between pairs of plates or spider-arms n. o and.n¹ o¹ respectively, the members of
each pair being bolted together and one member n. n¹ of each pair forming part of,
or being rigidly attached to, one of the said sleeves N. respectively. It is evident
that if the disks D. E. are allowed to rotate with the shaft no effect is gained for
hoisting purposes; but if one of them be stopped and retained stationery the teeth
of its cog-ring will act as the fulcra upon which to move the drum-wheel by means
of the pinion and idler, and thus the weight may be raised.
Suppose now that the disk E is left free to revolve with the shaft B., and the
disk D is held by some outside means and prevented from turning, and further,
let the wheel d¹ have forty-three teeth and the pinion b¹ be one third of the
diameter of the wheel d¹ It is evident, then; that the pinion b¹ will make four
revolutions while the idler F. makes one convolution around the centre of the
shaft B, (viz: three revolutions in consequence of its relative size, and one extra
revolution owing to the fact that for each convolution the idler F has bodily
traveled around the centre of the shaft B in a manner similar to the motion of the
moon around the earth) and as the wheel c¹ has forty-two teeth the difference in
movement between the wheels c¹ and d¹ for one convolution of the idler F will be
only the space of one tooth. It will thus take 4 × 42.=168 revolutions of the
shaft B and pinion b¹ to cause one revolution of the drum C.
x
The effect being inversely proportional to the velocity the gain is thus 168 to 1.
We will now suppose that the disk D be allowed to move freely with the shaft,
and that the disk E be locked so as to prevent it from turning, and that the
wheel el has forty-five teeth and the pinion 62 is one half of the diameter of the
wheel e¹.
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It will then be clear (for the same reason as stated regarding the pinion. b when
the disk D is held stationary) that the shaft B. and the pinion. 6' will make three
revolutions while the three idlers will have made only one convolution each around
the centre of the shaft B. The wheel c² having forty-two teeth, and the wheel e¹
having forty five teeth, as aforesaid, it only takes one-third of one convolution of
the idlers G to advance the drum the space of one tooth, and consequently, as three
revolutions of the pinion b² cause a movement through the space of three teeth,
and 42.3 14. we have the effect gained on that side of the machine equal to
3 x 14 42 or 42 turns to one, or a gain of 42 to 1. Now in order to utilize the
difference between the gains of power obtained at the opposite sides of the drum
it is only necessary to provide suitable means for alternately stopping or retarding
the motion of the flanges D. E. For this purpose the following shifting apparatus
is provided. In bearings h upon a bracket H, secured in any suitable manner to the
frame or timbers A as shown in Figure 1 is mounted a shaft I upon which shaft is
secured a lever i extending on opposite sides of the shaft and arranged to engage
with its ends into one or the other of the notches d¸ and e of the flanges D...E.
respectively by the rocking of the shaft I. Upon the front end of the shaft I are
fitted by their bored hubs k¹ two cog-segments K. L. having different numbers of
teeth the segment L being thus fitted upon the shaft, but kept from turning with
the latter by having a tail or projection entered in a notch h² in the frame H and
the other segment K, being secured by a key k upon the shaft, so as to always
move with the latter.
J is a handle which is formed in one piece with a U-shaped bracket jj' having
bored hubs by which it is pivoted upon the shaft I in the manner shown in
Figure 3, so as to enclose the two segments K. L.
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M is a pinion pivoted in gear with the two segments K. L upon a pin m which,
is secured to the bracket as shown in Figure. 3. so that when the handle J is
oscillated upon the shaft I the said pinion M. in traversing the surface of the
segments K. L simultaneously, will shift the position of the same laterally,
according to the difference in the numbers of teeth.
The said difference is only great enough to insure that the one end of the lever i
will always be in contact with the stops de respectively of the disks E. D. while
the other is out of such contact.
It is evident that when it is desired to throw one side of the machine in gear it
is only necessary to move the band-lever J. in position to interlock the lever i with
that side of the machine which is intended to be thrown into gear.
It is evident that any construction of the handle J other than that described
will act just as efficiently, so long as one of the segments K. L is secured upon the
shaft I and the other segment kept stationery and the pinion M, pivoted to the
handle, is kept in gear with both segments. It is also evident from the construction.
described that is not necessary to provide any special means for retaining the
handle J. in any position as the friction due to the differential gear and the small
difference between the numbers of teeth on the segments is amply sufficient to
retain it in any desired position as against any power for which the crane may
be used.
The shaft B may be stationery (and serve only to support the crane) and the
drum, pinions and disks mounted on one continuous sleeve revolving upon the said
stationery shaft, in which case, of course, the winches or pulleys should be attached
to the ends of the said sleeve which latter consequently would then serve all
intents and purposes of the shaft B.
The racks K. L. may be made straight instead of segmental, so long as one of
them is kept stationery and the other secured to the shaft I or to an equivalent
stopping-bar, the movement of the bar effected by the rotation of the pinion M
being rectilinear instead of circular as when segments are used.
Referring to the device previously mentioned for increasing the speed in
lowering the sleeves N. have each a clutch-plate (S and S' respectively) secured to
its end and upon the ends of the shaft B in juxtaposition to the said clutch-plates
or hubs S. S respectively are secured similar clutch-plates or hubs R. R¹. The
winches, or pulleys P. P' are movable upon the shaft B by means of hubs p. 11
respectively which hubs have teeth or clutch faces on opposite sides suitable to
engage either. member of the aforesaid respective clutch-pairs R. S, R¹ S. the space
between the members of each pair being such, that the winch-clutch when slid out
of contact with one of the said members, will be in working contact with the
member opposite. Thus for hoisting by the handle P. the hub p is moved into
gear with hub R on shaft B for gaining the greatest effect by the slowest speed,
and for lowering the said hub p is moved into gear with the hub S on the sleeve N
thus turning the drum-gear say, four times as fast (as when hoisting) by means of
the idler F direct. Likewise for hoisting by the handle P' the hub p¹ is moved
into gear with R₁ of the shaft B. for gaining the greatest effect by slowest speed
and for lowering the said hub p¹ is moved into gear with the hub S¹ on the
sleeve N, thus turning the drum-gear say, three times as fast (as when hoisting) by
means of the idlers G direct.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I, declare that what
I claim is
First. In a crane or hoisting apparatus; the combination, with a revoluble
shaft and with two wheels having different numbers of teeth and mounted to turn
upon the said shaft of a pinion secured upon the said shaft and an intermediate
wheel or idler gearing into the said pinion and into the aforesaid two wheels
having different numbers of teeth means being provided to prevent one of the
latter wheels from revolving with the said shaft.
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page_text: Second. The combination of the revoluble shaft B. the pinions b¹ and b² secured
upon the said shaft, the drum C, free to turn upon the said shaft, and provided
with the internally toothed gears d¹ and c¹ arranged to revolve upon the said shaft
and having different numbers of teeth from those of the gears c¹ and c² respectively
the intermediate wheels F and G convolving with the said pinions 61 and 62
respectively and means for alternately stopping the motion of the gears d¹ and c¹ -
the gearing between the pinions 61 62 and their respective gear connections being
proportioned to effect a difference in speed substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Third. In a crane or hoisting apparatus dependent for its operation at a variation
of speed upon the alternate retention at rest of two movable parts D. E. having
suitable stops d. e. The combination with such movable parts and with a retainer i
arranged to engage with the said stops of the rock-shaft I. the two racks K. L
having different numbers of teeth for equal lengths on the racks, one rack being
stationery and the other movable with the said rock-shaft and the pinion M
movable in gear with both of the said racks or segments simultaneously,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Fourth. In a crane or hoisting apparatus; the combination with a revoluble
shaft and with two wheels having different numbers of teeth and mounted to turn
upon the said shaft of a pinion secured upon the said shaft and an intermediate
wheel or idler gearing into the said pinion and into the aforesaid two wheels,
having different numbers of teeth means being provided to prevent one of the
latter wheels from revolving with the said shaft and the said idler being mounted
in such a manner that it may be convolved independently of the said shaft and
pinion to operate the said wheels directly instead of intermediately for effecting an
increase of speed when lowering.
revoluble shaft
Fifth. In a crane or hoisting-apparatus the combination with
and with two wheels having different numbers of teeth and mounted to turn upon
the said shaft of a pinion secured upon the said shaft and an intermediate wheel or
idler gearing into the said pinion and into the aforesaid two wheels having
different numbers of teeth, means being provided to prevent one of the latter
wheels from revolving with the said shaft and the said idler being pivoted in.
mountings rigid upon a sleeve N. on the said shaft and means (R' S¹ p¹ or R. S. p)
being also provided whereby the winch or driving-pulley may be thrown into gear
to turn either the said shaft B or the said sleeve N. substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
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