AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING CENTRE-BITS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING CENTRE-BITS." A
communication. - "
-
Sealed the 1st June 1855, and dated the 31st March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his. Petition, on the.
31st March 1855.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING CENTRE-BITS
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of boring bit, the object being
to bore with one tool smooth holes of various diameters. For this purpose,
the cutters, which fit into guides made to receive them in the head of the bit,
are caused to slide simultaneously in opposite directions, either by means of a
pinion gearing into racks formed on the cutters, or by a turnplate provided
with pins, which take into slots formed in the cutters, or by other analogous
means. In either case, on an axial motion being imparted to the medium of

page_text: connection between the cutters, they will advance or recede in equal ratios
from the axial line of the centre bit, and thus ensure accurate and smooth
boring. When adjusted to the required position the cutters are firmly secured
therein by means of binding screws.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer; send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special licence that the said
William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING CENTRE-BITS," being
a communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):

page_text: This Invention relates to a novel construction of boring bit, the object being
to bore with one tool smooth holes of various diameters. For this purpose,
the cutters, which fit into guides made to receive them in the head of the bit,
are caused to slide simultaneously in opposite directions, either by means of a
pinion gearing into racks formed on the cutters, or by a turnplate provided
with pins, which take into slots formed in the cutters, or by other analogous
means. In either case, on an axial motion being imparted to the medium of
connection between the cutters, they will advance or recede in equal ratios
from the axial line of the centre bit, and thus ensure accurate and smooth
boring.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a side view of the bit ready for use;
Fig. 2 is an edge view of the same; Fig. 3 is a side view, with the cap a
removed to shew the parts within; Fig. 4 shews in side view a modification of
the bit; Fig. 5 is an edge view of the same; Fig. 6 is a side view of the bit
expanded, the cap g being removed to shew the parts within; Figures 7 shew
the cap g detached.
Expanding bits have been constructed in which each of the cutters were
capable of being drawn out to suit the size of the hole to be bored; in every
instance, however, with which I am acquainted, the cutters have been moved
independently of each other, the distance from the cutter of the bit requiring
to be accurately measured whenever they are moved. Should one of the
cutters be further from the centre than the other, a smooth hole cannot be
bored. To obviate this inconvenience is the object of the present Invention,
which consists in so connecting the two cutters with each other that they
shall move out and in simultaneously, each an equal distance from the centre
of the bit.
To enable others skilled in the art to carry out this Invention, I will pro-
ceed to describe the nature and construction of the improved bits. In Figures
1, 2, and 3, C, C', are the cutters, which are furnished with rack teeth e, e¹,
that engage with a small pinion i, the shaft of which passes through the bit,
and is furnished with a screw head, by means of which the pinion is turned and
the cutters are run out as required. The last cog of the rack e' upon the cutter
C¹ is so enlarged (as seen in Fig. 3), that it cannot enter the spaces in the cog
wheel, and thus the cutters are prevented from falling out and being lost.
When the cutters are placed in the position required, the cap a is drawn up
against them by tightening the screws f, f, and they are thus held firmly in
place. The screws f. f, are to be loosened each time the cutters are to be
removed.
In the modification of bit represented at Figures 4. 5. 6. and 7 a is a con

page_text: secured to the bit by the screw h, and furnished with two small pins m, which
enter slots n, n, in the cutters, and thus hold them in place. When this form
of bit is to be operated, the screw his loosened, and the cap g is turned, until
the bits are run out a sufficient distance; the screw h is then tightened and the
tool is ready for use: In certain cases it may be found necessary to prevent:
the cutters from falling out; and for this purpose small pins upon the body' of
the bit running in grooves in the back of the 'cutters, as seen in Fig! 2, may be
made use of.
་
;.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of:"An Improved. Mode
of Constructing Centre-bits," as communicated to me by my foreign cörre-
spondent, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it
to be understood that I do not claim expanding 'the bit, neither do I claim
making both of the cutters capable of motion independently of each other;
but what I do claim, and desire to secure under the above in part recited
Letters Patent, is, the method herein described of connecting the two cutters
with each other, so that they shall move out and in simultaneously, and
equally; as set forth.
*In witness whereof, I,' the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five. "
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.B.)