IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING INFUSIONS OR EXTRACTS FROM VARIOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Loysél, of Rue de Grétry, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OBTAINING INFUSIONS OR EXTRACTS FROM VARIOUS SUBSTANCES..
Sealed the 20th February 1855, and dated the 10th November 1854
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Loysel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th November 1854.
I, EDWARD LOYSEL, of Rue de Grétry, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING INFUSIONS OR EXTRACTS FROM VARIOUS SUBSTANCES'
to be as follows:--
"
This Invention has for its object to extract the coloring matter from dye
woods, the aromatic and nutritious elements from coffee, the saccharine matter
or juices from beet-root, from malt, barley, or grain, and hops; and infusions
or other extracts from various. vegetable and other substances, when such
properties can be eliminated by the use of water or other liquid.. In carrying

page_text: out my Invention, I crush the substance to be operated upon, or reduce it to
powder, when necessary so to do, previous to subjecting it to subsequent
operation. The substance, whatever it may be, having been properly prepared,
is placed in a vessel, in which the water or other liquid may be supplied to it
at the bottom; and the whole apparatus is arranged in such a manner that the
liquid shall rise up through the mass of material to be operated upon. I first
introduce a sufficient quantity of liquid to moisten and cover the whole mass
of material in the vessel, and then allow it to remain in a state of rest, for the
purpose of effecting a proper maceration; I then cause a current of the liquid
to pass up through the material, so as to remove the whole, or as much as
practicable, of the extractive or other matters which the liquid may be able to
take up or carry off with it. In each case I cause the water or other liquid
by hydrostatic pressure to rise up through the material operated upon, and
the apparatus may, of course, be made of various shapes and sizes for carrying
out the object of my Invention.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Loysel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th May 1855.
TO ALL TO. WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
LOYSEL, of Ruc de Grétry, Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer,.
send greeting.
WHEREAS Iler most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edward Loysel, Her special license that I, the said Edward Loysel, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward
Loysel, my executors, administrators, and-assigns,-should-at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
INPUSIONS OR EXTRACTS FROM VARIOUS SUBSTANCES," upon the 'condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Edward Loysel, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I; the said Edward Loysel, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thercon (that is to say):-
This, Invention has for its object to extract the coloring matter from dye
woods; the aromatic and nutritious elements from coffee; the saccharine matter.
or juices from beet-root, or from malt, barley, or grain; and to obtain infusions
or extracts of hops and other vegetable substances, as well as other matters,
from which certain of their properties are required to be eliminated, by the
use of water or other liquid.
In carrying out my Invention; I first crush the substance to be operated
upon, or reduce it to powder when necessary, and place it in a vessel in which
the water or other liquid-is-introduced-at-the-bottom, and caused to rise up
through the mass of material to be operated upon.
I find it advisable first to introduce a sufficient quantity of liquid to moisten
and cover the whole mass of material in the vessel, and then to allow it to
remain in a state of rest until a proper maceration has taken place; I next
cause a current. of the liquid to pass up through the material by hydrostatic
pressure, so as to remove the whole (or as much as practicable) of the
extractive or other matters which the liquid may be able to take up or carry
off with it.
In order, however, that my Invention may be clearly understood, I have
shewn in the accompanying Drawing sectional views of two forms of apparatus
which I propose to employ. The arrangement shewn in sectional elevation at
Fig. 1 is intended for operating upon large masses of crushed or pulverized
matter, as for extracting the colour from dye woods, or the sugar from beet-
root; and the other, shewn in section at Fig. 2, is intended to be employed for
obtaining the extract from pulverized coffee.
I would here observe, that on the Eighteenth day of February, One thou-
sand eight hundred and fifty-four, Letters Patent were granted to me for an
apparatus for obtaining extracts from various substances, by causing water or
other liquid, by means of hydrostatic pressure, to pass up through the mass of
material to be operated upon, and afterwards to descend through the mass,
and thus become strained and clarified or filtered, previous to being drawn off.

page_text: I have, however, found, that although this apparatus acts satisfactorily in
many cases, in some other cases, and according to the nature of the substance
operated upon, it is unnecessary or difficult to cause the liquid to percolate
backwards or downwards again through the substance. This apparatus I sub-
sequently modified and applied to the obtaining of extracts from tea, and the
improved apparatus having been found to give very good results, I obtained
Letters Patent for the same on the Thirtieth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-four. The, present Invention refers to a modification of
that previously patented by me as aforesaid, and is intended to give a wider
application to the principle of action embraced in the last-mentioned Patent;
the object being to obtain the valuable extractive matter from various vege-
table or other substances, and, in fact, from any substance or, matter for which
the apparatus or process may be found applicable: A is an elevated vessel;
containing water or other liquid, which is heated by, the fire B below. The
water or other liquid; when heated to the right temperature, is conveyed by
the pipe C to the macerating vessel D below. The pipe C' is provided with a
stop-cock E, to cut off or regulate the supply of the liquid. "
The material to be operated upon is placed in the vessel D in' layers of
convenient-thickness, the several layers being 'placed upon perforated' plates
d, d, d, which will divide them one from the other. "These perforated plates are
provided" with perforated tubes e, e, which, by projecting into the mass of
pulverized material; will allow of the water or liquid from the pipe'C rising
up and percolating through the mass with facility. On the top of the pul
verized' niass' is placed another perforated plate'd, which will prevent the
upper layer of the mass from mixing with the liquid extract, which will pass
through the plate, and rise in the upper part of the vessel, as at Fand from
which it may be drawn off when required through the cock G.
40
It will now be seen that when the cock E on the pipe C-is-opened, the
heated liquid from the elevated vessel will be caused by hydrostatic pressure
to ascend through the layers of pulverized material in the vessel A, and in só
-doing-will-displace-any-air-that-may-be-contained therein. When the liquid
has entirely filled the
e space between the perforated plates.d.and.d, the cock
E should be shut, and the heated liquid allowed to macerate the 'pulverized
material for some minutes, the length of time of course depending upon the
nature of the material to be operated upon; and when the macerating
operation has continued long enough, the cock E is to be again opened, and a
further supply of heated liquid from the vessel A is allowed to pass up through
the mass in, the vessel D. By this means, the first supply of liquid, which has

page_text: become impregnated with the soluble parts of the substance under 'treatment,
will rise into the upper part-F of the vessel D, from whence. it may be drawn
off into another vessel. If thought desirable, a further.quantity of liquid may
be supplied from the vessel A, and the pulverized material submitted to the
macerating operation a second, and even a third time, as found desirable.
When the liquid extract obtained from the second or third maceration is
considered too weak to mix with the first, it may be pumped up into the
vessel A, and passed through a second quantity of the pulverized material,
replacing the spent mass which has been removed from the apparatus; by this
means all the valuable extractive matter may be, economically obtained from
the substance under operation. I would here remark, that in constructing
this apparatus care should be taken that sufficient space is left, between.the
layers of the material to be operated upon, to permit the material to swell
during maceration, for, if too confined, the efficiency, of the apparatus will be
somewhat interfered with:..
The apparatus shewn at Fig. 2 is intended to be employed more particularly
for obtaining an extract from coffee. A is a vessel or funnel into which water
heated to the proper temperature is pored, and, by descending the tube or pipe
C, will act with hydrostatic pressure on the pulverized coffee or material in the
vessel D. It will be seen that the coffee or pulverized material rests upon a
perforated plate d, and the mass is covered by a perforated plate d*, which
prevents the coffee from rising, and yet allows the liquid to flow upwards and
pass through to the upper part of the vessel D, whence it will run off through
the lateral openings g, g, and fall down into the reservoir H below. It will be
seen that the mass is not divided into layers, as in the former instance, as the
quantity of material is not sufficiently great to offer any very serious obstacle
to the passage of the water.
4
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in
Obtaining Infusions or Extracts from various Substances," and described the
means of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that, under
the above in part recited Letters Patent, I make no claim to the exclusive
right to obtain extracts from various substances by causing water or other
liquid by hydrostatic pressure to pass up through the mass of material to be
operated upon, and then downwards through the same for the purpose of being
filtered or clarified, nor do I claim obtaining extracts from tea by the process
or apparatus above described; but what I do claim is, obtaining infusions or
extracts from various other substances by causing water or other liquid to
ascend by hydrostatic pressure through the mass of material to be operated

page_text: upon, and, after properly macerating the same, to carry off the useful
extractive matter from the upper part of the macerating vessel, as above
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Loysel, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
BRUN, Notaire,
341, Rue St. Honoré, à Paris.
EDWARD LOYSEL. (L.S.)