IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-CLOSETS, AND IN PUMPS AND COCKS FOR SUPPLYING WATER TO THE SAME, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Stocker, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-CLOSETS, AND IN
PUMPS AND COCKS FOR SUPPLYING WATER TO THE SAME, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Stocker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
July 1855.
I, SAMUEL STOCKER, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-
CLOSETS, AND IN PUMPS AND COCKS FOR SUPPLYING WATER TO THE SAME, AND FOR
OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The first part of my improvements relates to water-closets, which will be
so constructed as to prevent the offensiveness that now frequently arises in
closets through their getting out of repair. The flow of water will be formed
from the supply in such a manner as to more effectually cleanse the closet.
And I intend to make a closet so that the basin may be removed without
interference with the water supply, so as to cleanse the basin, and keep the
whole from becoming offensive.
The second part of my improvements relates to pumps which are used

page_text: to supply the closets with water, and consists chiefly in making or casting tha
part in iron or other material which is now of wood, and making or casting
the working barrel or any other part or parts of the pump on to the back or
standards, and which will form part of the same. These pumps are applicable
to other similar purposes where strength is required, such as drawing beer or
spirits, or other liquids; and I intend to make the joints or bearings stronger
and more convenient, and to encase them in a more suitable way, or to make
parts of them from metal in a cold state, which are now made from fused
metal.
The third part of my improvements relates to cocks for the supply and
delivery of water in connection with pumps and closets, as well as for the
Instead of forming
passage of fluids generally, and other similar purposes.
the stop as heretofore, I shall form it when I think proper at the end, and to
prevent sediment from passing, I intend introducing perforated metal, and
when necessary to make the whole or parts of cocks from tube or sheet metal;
and when I may require it, I intend to make cocks of two or more distinct
sorts of metal, instead of, as heretofore, of one sort, or an amalgamation of
many sorts.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Stocker in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th January 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
STOCKER, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Samuel Stocker, Her special licence that I, the said Samuel Stocker, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel
Stocker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-
CLOSETS, AND IN PUMPS AND COCKS FOR SUPPLYING WATER TO THE SAME, AND FOR
OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Samuel Stocker, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should

page_text: particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that J, the said Samuel Stocker, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to he per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings:-
Figure 1 shows a water-closet with my improvements. Letter A is the
container or stationery trap; and letter B is the cover, with a receiver C, which
may be made convenient to receive a portable basin, so that it may be taken
out without disturbing the water way; D is a movable trap, which is worked
up and down by the shaft E, working through a hole on each side of the cover
B, on which is fixed the movable trap D; F is a lever on the shaft, to which
is fixed the handle for working, and has a perpendicular motion, with a weight
or spring. At the letter E the shaft is kept air-tight with india-rubber or
any suitable material. II is an arm for a supply pipe, fixed or made on the
part of the cover C that receives the basin. At letter I the cover B is con-
nected to the trap A. The basin J is a common shaped one without an arm.
The flow of water will be from the pipe K, through the arm II, and down the
basin J, through the movable trap D, and through the stationary trap A into
the outlet pipe L. I would have it understood that if I choose I shall make
this closet so as to receive a basin similar to a common pan closet.
Figure 2 shews another water-closet, made of earthenware or cast iron, and
may be made in one or more pieces. Letter A is an arm pipe, which may be
connected in any way suitable to the supply pipe in the arm B.
Figure 3 shews another water-closet with my improvements. Letter A is
a trap made of cast iron or other suitable material, with an arm B for a supply
pipe; letter C is a cover in the elbow, which is for the purpose of removing
any obstacle that may arise; letter D is the receiver for a portable basin (or
may be otherwise); letter E is the principal arm pipe. At letter F the basin
receiver and trap is fixed together, or may be made in one piece. At letter G
the basin or basin receiver dips into the water in the trap A, and forms a
second trap. And what I claim in the water-closets, Figures 1, 2, and 3, is
substantially as described; and I also claim the use of portable basins in any
stationery water-closets, if the same can be removed without interfering with
the water way.
The second part of my improvements relates to lift or force pumps for the
supply of water-closets, and which improved pumps are applicable to other

page_text: purposes where strength is required, and such as for the use of licensed
victuallers and others for drawing wine, beer, or spirits.
Figure 4 is a pump with my improvements. Letter A is the back or
standard made from cast iron, or part cast iron or other material. It is usual
to bolt the pumps that are now in use on to the back or standard, but part of
Letter B is the head of the
my pump forms part of the back or standard.
pump annexed to the back or standard, and this head B is also the valve box.
The rising main I prefer should run up at the back, but may be placed in any
convenient situation. C is the working band. It is my intention to use loco-
motive or seamless tube for pump barrels if I think proper, and to keep them
in their place by means of a tightening screw and nut at the lower part of the
barrel. The letter D is a lug or bracket, fixed or made on to the back or
standard. The lower valve and connections are similar to other
the
pumps;
sling and the motion of the handle is also similar, but the fixing of the axes of
the handle is different. Letter H is a lug cast or fixed to the centre of the
back of the standard (or may be in any other way having the same effect),
and to it an arm or bearing for the pump handle is fixed, and is kept tight by
a bolt and nut I. By loosening the nut, the arm and the handle may be
turned round, so as to work the pump right or left handed, or the support
of the handle may be fixed in any other suitable way. At the roller J is a
lug L, cast or fixed on with holes in it to receive the guide rods K, which are
made tight in any suitable way; it may also be made convenient to keep the
stuffing head tight (if desired.)
Now, I will describe the valve box or head B. Letter M is a common
stuffing box and nut. This stuffing box has a long shank to it, which passes
down through the valve box B, and screw through a circular collar N, which
is perforated for the passage of the liquid. The letter O is a circular valve,
which moves up and down with the action of the pump on the shank of the
stuffing box. The various joints are secured with leather or other washers.
Figure 5 is a double-sided lift or force pump, and it may be seen from the
Letter A is the
Drawings. It has all the advantages of the pump, Figure 4.
working barrel; at letter B is a cock, which will be described hereafter; at C
is a bracket or convenience for holding a pail or other convenience for the use
of the pump, which may be made convenient to act as a drainer, and so formed
that it may be faced in a lathe. This improvement is also applicable to fittings
of beer engine pumps, or the pumps may be made without it.
I will now describe in what way these pumps are particularly applicable to
beer engine pumps.
Figure 6 is a four-motion frame or standard (with two barrels and ascending

page_text: mains to shew how they are fixed) with my improvements. Letter A is a cast-
iron frame (or may be made of other material); letters B are the working
barrels, which are kept tight, similar to Figure 4; letters C are the stuffing
heads, to which are fixed the rising mains D, as in Figure 4, (but may be
otherwise.) The lower valve and pistons and valve are similar to other pumps,
the axes or handles requiring greater strength than has been obtained here-
tofore, and which I gain by securely affixing them in any suitable way unto
the cross piece or plate F, and I make them so as they may be easily tightened
by pressing the couplings to prevent the handle from shaking, which will be
explained hereafter.
It will easily be seen that these beer engine pumps and standards will
require a casing, the front of which may be done in any suitable way. The
letter H shews the mode I may adopt in casing the top part and the handles.
Letter I is the base of the casing, which rests on the counter or platform;
letters J are circular ends (or may be of any desired shape); letter K is a top
covering, through which the handle works; letter L is a front and back plate
of glass (or may be made of other material). The whole of the casings can
be made of any suitable material. The casings of the top part of the handle
I intend making with glass, and, if required, blown in moulds, and I shall
ornament some of them from the inside to prevent the same from wearing off.
In some casings of the top part I shall only require the case on the counter,
as letter J, and these I prefer to have circular ends or rounding corners, so that
they may be more easily cleaned. The knobs N are coverings to hide the
bolts and nuts, which passes through the whole to keep all together. In some
cases I intend these bolts to be hollow, so as to admit of a gas light through
them or any required fluid.
Figure 7 I call a pillar or portable pump. Letter A is the foot, and B the
working barrel; C is the induction pipe, which in some cases passes through
the barrel (as the following), the barrel B being made in a proper form, that
with a flange on the pipe C; it may be screwed together with a nut, or the foot
may form the nut; and this arrangement will also allow the barrel to oscillate,
if made for that purpose, which is my intention of doing when necessary;
the parts A, B, C, being made and secured similar to a cup and ball joint, or
may be made otherwise. The sling to the handle is fixed to a cross piece D,
extending against the sides of the head E, and forms a guide for the piston
rod; the piston and the bucket and valve are similar to other pumps. The
lower portable valve I shall make from tube in any suitable way, if required,
or similar to the Drawing, in the induction pipe. The stuffing head F is secured
by screws G pressing on it, similar as is explained in Figure 4. The bearings

page_text: of the handle H, to which is fixed a tube leading through the cover or head
into the tube I, and allows the liquid to flow through the spout J; the axes of
the handle is tightened by the means of screws K pressing on the couplings L
(or may be otherwise.) The cover is fixed in any suitable way.
Figure 8 is a single-motion pump, secured quite similar to Figure 4, and
the stuffing box A and water way C can be put in any direction required by
employing any suitable means for the handle.
Figure 9 is another and stronger method of fixing a perpendicular handle
for a pump. The letter A is a seating of metal, to which is fixed a method
for screwing up the couplings at any time required; letter B is the handle,
working through a long square hole C, the handle B being flat at the sides,
working tight enough through the square hole C; it will form a guide for the
action, and the couplings D can be drawn tight against the axes of the handle
B by means of the tightening screws and nuts E. The nuts and bolts F are
for the purpose of more security in fixing the handles (or may be otherwise
arranged) in connection with the pumps.
I will now describe the last part of my Invention, which relates to cocks to
be used in pumps for the supplying of water-closets with water, and which
improved cocks are applicable to other uses. They are made so as to affix
them on to the pump or vessel without screwing them in or driving them in
(or may be otherwise); they are also stopped in the inside end.
Figure 10 have my improvements. The letter A is the barrel of the cock,
and letter B, the outlet; letter C is a part hollow rod, which works in a stuffing
box in the barrel A (or it may be otherwise). This part hollow rod fits con-
veniently the small end of the cock. The end of this rod D is supplied with
a flexible material, that when drawn up tight and presses against the end of
the cock, it will secure the liquid from leaking. The part hollow rod will be
perforated in that part which protrudes through into the pump or vessel; or I
may use perforated metal for strainers of cocks in place of drilling shanks,
as is now the case. The rod D, I supply with a screw and nut to draw the
stop tight at E.
Letter E is an instru
The staple is fixed
On the barrel A there is a
Now, by putting the cock
I will now describe the means I use for fixing cocks.
ment something like a staple with a hole through it at F.
in any portable way on to the pump or vessel.
male screw cut with a corresponding female one.
with the nut in its proper situation, as the Drawing will shew, and turning the
cock (or nut), it will press against (or into) the staple E and secure it. The
coupling which I shall use if I think proper for securing the outlet pipe
will be a very simple one, as the Drawing will explain at Figure 1l.

page_text: Having now described the second and third part of my Invention, which
relates to pumps (and the casing of pumps) and cocks, and the fixing of cocks
and pipes for the supply of water-closets, and which pumps and cocks are
suitable to other purposes, and are before explained, I would have it under-
stood that I do not confine myself to any precise form or pattern, neither do I
confine myself to use every improvement to each pump or cock, as described,
but I shall vary them as may suit circumstances; or I may use parts of the
improvements on other pumps or cocks; and what I claim is, the whole
or a part of the improvements as are substantially the same as herein-before
described.
As witness my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of January, One
Signed and sealed by the above-named
Samuel Stocker, in the presence of
HENRY AUSTIN,
Law Stationer,
Brighton.
SAMUEL
CKER. (L.S.)