Year: 1889

page_text: I, HENRY HAMMOND, of 156 Dixwell Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut, one of
the United States of America, blacksmith, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This machine is particularly adapted to punch the eyes in ax-blanks and ax-poll-"
blanks, and to forge the exterior surfaces of such blanks into a finished form.
Figure 1 of the drawings is a plan view of the machine. Figure 2 is a vertical
longitudinal section, on the compound line a, b, of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a vertical
lateral section on the line c, d, of Figure 1, and looking toward the letter b, of that
Figure. Figure 4 is a vertical lateral section on the line e, f, of Figure 1, looking
in the same direction. Figure 5 is a lateral horizontal section on the line g, h, of
Figure 4. Figure 6 is a vertical view, partly in elevation and partly in section, of the
central pitman of the machine, and of the punch operated thereby. Figure 7 is a
view of the inside of a side pitman of the machine, and of the link and inclined
plane through which it operates upon one of the side die blocks. Figure 8 is a side
view of the brake, which operates to retard the machine at each revolution of its
main shaft. Figure 9 is a view, partly in section, of the apparatus by means of
which the main shaft is alternately keyed and unkeyed with the pulley which
drives it. Figure 10 is a view of the key with which that alternate keying and
unkeying is accomplished.
The pulley 1, runs as a loose pulley upon the crank shaft 2, when the key 3 is
in the position shown in Figure 9, and as a fixed pulley when that key is turned
upon its axis in the direction of the arrow in that Figure. The journal of the
shaft 2 has, longitudinally of its periphery, a groove corresponding in cross-section
with the middle portion of the key 3. The shaft is enlarged between the outside of
the frame of the machine and the inside of the pulley; and in the face of that
enlarged part of the shaft, the recess 4, in which the arm 5 of the key 3 is adapted
to oscillate. In the rear wall of that recess, there is a round socket for the reception
of the bearing 6 of the key 3. The bearing 7 of the key 3, turns in a socket of the
washer 8, which washer revolves with the shaft 2. The axes of the bearings 6 and 7,

page_text: t
are on a line with the upper surface of the middle part of the key 3; and the axes of
the two sockets are on a line with the circle of the journal of the shaft 2. The
slide 9 reciprocates vertically on the side of the machine, and is provided with the
adjustable extremity 10, and is worked in one direction by the adjustable spring 11,
and in the other direction by the treadle 12, through the rock shaft 13, the arm 14
and the rod 15. The spring 16 holds the key in its keying position except when
the arm of the key raised to its upright position, by colliding with the extremity 1(
of the slide 9. It so collides, and thus stops the shaft at each revolution, unless
the treadle is kept depressed against the action of the spring 11. Whenever the
shaft is not revolving, it may be started by depressing the treadle and thus releasing
the arm of the key from the extremity of the slide. When the arm of the key
is thus released, the key is turned upon the axes of its bearings 6 and 7, and its
middle portion is thus carried into the longitudinal groove 17, in the interior of
the bushing 18, which groove is a counterpart of that on the periphery of the
journal of the shaft 2. The exterior of the bushing 18 is provided with the
longitudinal projection 19, which works in a corresponding recess in the interior
of the hub 20 of the pulley 1, against the resistance of the elastic cushion 21.
corresponding recess 22, in the opposite side of the interior of the hub 20 of the
pulley, is occupied by the projection 23 on the exterior of the bushing 18, and
that portion of the latter space not occupied by the latter projection, may be partly
or wholly occupied by a solid block, to reduce or suspend, as the case may be,
the function of the cushion 21; which function consists in easing the start of the
machine when the shaft 2 and the bushing 18 are keyed together by the key 3.
A
The crank 24 of the shaft 2, works the pitman 25 by means of the sliding box 26,
which reciprocates in the recess 27 in the head of that pitman. The pitman 25 is
guided by its cylindrical projection 28, which reciprocates in a bearing through one
end of the frame of the machine; and also by the tongues 29 and 30, which project
from its opposite sides, and reciprocate in grooves on the insides of the U shaped
gate 31. That gate is provided with the tongues 32 and 33, which reciprocate in
grooves in the adjacent fixed parts of the machine, 34 and 35, respectively. The
working end of the pitman 25 is provided with the adjustable head 36, which.
reciprocates in the forward part of the interior of the U shaped gate 31, and limits
the reciprocation of the pitman 25 relatively to that gate. The die block 37 is fixed
to the forward face of the gate 31, and is adjustable horizontally thereon; while the
die-section 38 is fixed to the forward face of the die block 37, and is adjustable
vertically thereon. The punch 39 is removably fixed in the forward face of the die-
section 38. The pitmen 40 and 41 are worked by cranks of the crank shaft 2; which
cranks are identically set relatively to the axis of the crank shaft, but are set about
forty-five degrees behind the crank 24. Those pitmen are guided by their pro-
jections 42 and 43, respectively, and their tongues 44 and 45, and 46 and 47,
respectively, and they are constructed with the forward detachable sections 48 and 49,
respectively; and they aid to operate the die-sections 50 and 51, respectively, by
means of intermediate mechanisms which are duplicates of each other, and which
therefore, I now describe once only, and in connection with the pitman 40.
The forward section 48 of the pitman 40, is provided with the upper projection 52
and the lower projection 53, and each of those projections are provided with the
inward looking surfaces 54 and 55, united by the inclined surface 56; and the
.:pitman section 48 is provided with the link 57, the rear end of which is pivoted
thereto at 58, and the forward end of which is provided with the guides 59 and 60,
which reciprocate in diagonal grooves 61 and 62 in the opposite faces of the inner
sides of the U shaped. die block 63. The outward face of that die block is
provided with the concavity 64, for the reception of the forward convex end of
the link 57.
The die block 63 is constructed in two pieces, and is adjustable in length by
1. means of the wedge 65, worked between those two pieces by the threaded bolt 66.
The forward face of the die block 63 is, provided with a dove-tailed groove for the
Vadjustable reception of the die-section 50. The die-block 63 is also provided with

page_text: the vertical recess 67 and the horizontal pins 68 and 69 passing through that
recess crosswise of that die block. The die block 63 and its counterpart which
carries the die-section 51, are not only operated upon by the pitmen 40 and 41,
but are also caused to reciprocate toward and from each other by the cam-rods 70
and 71, respectively. The upper ends of those rods reciprocate in the vertical
recesses 72 and 73, respectively, in that part of the frame of the machine which is
designated by the letter B, and which rests upon the main part A, of the frame
of the machine; and the lower ends of those rods are forced to thus reciprocate,
by the arms 74 and 75, respectively; and those arms are worked with the rock shaft 76,
by the arm 77. The rod 70 operates upon the die block 63, by means of its inclined
surfaces at its inclined portion working against the pins 68 and 69; and the rod 71
works the opposite die block by means of corresponding pins. The wear between the
rearward side of the pitman section 48, and the adjacent part of the frame B, may be
taken up by the wedge 78 worked by the threaded bolt 79; and the corresponding
wear between the rearward side of the pitman section 49 and the adjacent part of the
frame B, may be taken up by the corresponding wedge and bolt shown in Figures 4
and 5. The forward and bottom die-section 80, is adjustably fixed to the forward side
of that rectangular recess in the frame B, which contains it, and contains also the side
die-sections 50 and 51.
The brake consists of the disk 81, keyed to one end of the shaft 2, and provided
with the eccentric surface 82 for contact with the brake shoe 83; and that brake
shoe is adjustably fixed to the side of the frame A, by means of the bracket 84, and
the set screws 85. The wear of the shaft 2 may be taken up by the threaded
bolts 86, 87, 88 and 89, working the wedges 90, 91, 92 and 93, against the concave
shoes 94, 95, 96 and 97, respectively.
The mode of operation of this machine is as follows:
When the die-sections are in the open positions shown in Figure 1, the operative
places the blank to be punched and formed, head downward upon the forward and
bottom die-section 80, and between the die-sections 50 and 51. Then he so moves
the arm 77 as to pull downward the rods 70 and 71, and thus force the die block 63,
and its counterpart on the other side of the machine, together with the die-
sections 50 and 51, toward each other, so as to ciasp the blank between them, and to
hold its centre exactly opposite to the point of the punch 39. The operative then
presses down the treadle 1, and thus raises the slide 9 and its extremity 10, away
from contact with the arm 5 of the key 3, and. thereby starts the shaft 2 on a revolu-
tion in the direction of the arrow shown in Figure 9. That revolution first moves the
pitinan 25, without moving the gate 31, until the forward side of the head 36 strikes
the adjacent surface of that gate. During that motion the pitman 40 is driven forward
by its crank so as to carry the faces 55 of the pitman section 48, behind the die
block 63; and the corresponding parts on the other side of the machine operate
correspondingly. Thereupon the further revolution of the shaft, forces the gate 31
forward with the pitman 25, and thereby carries the point of the punch to the
edge of the blank, and then punctures an eye half way through the same. During
this motion, the pitman 40 moves forward far enough to carry the forward end of
the link 57 into the concave recess 64; and the corresponding parts on the other
side of the machine again operate correspondingly. Thereupon the further revolu-
tion of the shaft withdraws the pitman 25 and the head 36, without withdrawing
the gate 31 and the punch 39; and while the head 36, is moving through its open
space in the gate 31, and while the punch therefore remains in the blank, the last
mentioned further revolution of the shaft, carries the pitman 40, the link 57, the
die block 63 and the die-section 50 forward with great power, and correspondingly
carries the corresponding parts on the other side of the machine, and thus operates
to squeeze the blank between the die-sections 50 and 51. Thereupon the further
and final part of the revolution of the shaft withdraws the punch from the blank,
and withdraws the forward end of the link 57 from the concave recess 64, and
correspondingly withdraws the corresponding parts on the other side of the machine.
At the end of the revolution of the shaft, the projection 10 of the slide 9, collides

page_text: with the arm 5 of the key 3, and drives the key into the position shown in Figure 9,
thus releasing the shaft 2 from the power of the pulley 1. The momentum of the
moving parts of the machine, which might otherwise still make the shaft revolve,
is thereupon restrained by the brake 81 and the brake shoe 83, and the machine is
thus brought to a full stop. Then the operative moves the arm 77, so as to raise
the rods 70 and 71, and thus opens the die-sections 50 and 51, to make the machine
ready for a repetition of the described operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination of a pitinan, provided with a surface inclined to the
direction of its stroke; and another surface parallel to the direction of its stroke;
a link, pivoted to the pitman opposite to that parallel surface and a block adapted
to slide substantially at right angles to the stroke of the pitman, and during one
such stroke to be first caused by that inclined surface thus to slido and then to be
held stationary by that parallel surface, and then to be forced by the link to slide still
further; all substantially as described.
2. The combination of the shaft 2; the pitman 25, provided with the head 36, and
the gate 31; and the pitman 40, provided with the link 57, and the die block 63; all
constructed and combined substantially as described.
3. The combination of a pulley, mounted on a shaft with a bushing between them,
and with an elastic cushion between the pulley and the bushing, and a rotating and
eccentric key between the bushing and the shaft; all constructed and combined so
that the pulley turns freely on the shaft when the key is in one position; and that
turning the key into another position locks the shaft to the bushing, and transmits
the motion of the pulley to the shaft; and that the cushion eases the otherwise
sudden shock of the beginning of that transmission; all substantially as described.
4. The combination of the disk 81, provided with the eccentric surface 82; and
the shoe 83, fixed adjacent to that surface; all constructed and combined so that
the shoe will tend to stop each revolution of the disk, and of any shaft or other
machinery to which it may be keyed; all substantially as described.
5. The combination of the shaft 76, worked by the arm 77, and having the arms 74
and 75 with the cam-rods 70 and 71, reciprocating two opposite die-blocks simul-
taneously in opposite directions; all substantially as described.
Dated this Third day of December 1888.