matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILS, MORE PAR- TICULARLY OF RAILS USED FOR TRAMWAY PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Aitken at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October 1880.
HENRY AITKEN, of Falkirk, in the County of Stirling, North Britain, Iron and
Coal Master. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILS, MORE PAR-
TICULARLY OF RAILS USED FOR TRAMWAY PURPOSES."
The objects of these improvements are two-fold; first, the production of cheaper
rails, and second, the production of rails that will stand traffic much longer than
those presently in use.
The improved rail is manufactured as follows:-When a rail is desired to be
made for tramway purposes and when in use is not to withstand any violent or
heavy blows, I construct it of cast iron. Having procured a pattern of any
desired form, I mould it in the sand in the usual manner, with the top face of the
rail downwards. I then pour in as much white pig iron as will cover the whole
wearing surface of the rail to a sufficient depth, say, from one half inch to one
inch of hard iron such as white or mottled pig iron. Having allowed this iron to
become nearly "set," I pour in softer or tougher pig iron on the top thereof, and
the rail may be allowed to cool in the sand in the usual manner, or it may be taken
out when still hot and rolled, squeezed, or pressed by hydraulic machinery, or
otherwise, so as to straighten or curve it as required. The gates should be knocked
off as soon as the iron is "set" to allow for contraction, and moveable slip plates
may be used in the moulds to assist the contraction. I prefer to run the metal in
at numerous gates, the gates for the hard iron being at a lower level than those for
the soft iron. The gates for the hard iron being at the bottom of the mould and
for the soft iron at the level, it is intended that the change of metal should take
place in the casting, the sand being always free and well pricked to admit of the
easy exit of the gases. Overflow gates may also be used if desired, and a high head
of metal or pressure, so as to ensure sound castings. Any known system of casting
may be adopted, and any form of rail may be made. I prefer using good qualities
of iron, strength of course being one of the main considerations, and with the like
object I prefer to melt the iron in an air furnace in place of a cupola, and to use
dry sand or loam moulding, and with the same object the casting may be allowed
D

page_text: to remain in the sand until cold. When the bard iron to be used for the top of the
rail is of a lower specific gravity than the iron of which the rest of the rail is
cast, I prefer to pour the hard iron last. In this case the rail is cast with the
working face upwards. Hard steel may be used for the wearing face in place of
hard iron, and malleable iron or steel may be used for the rest of the rail.
If desired the rails may be rolled, or reheated and rolled, squeezed, or pressed.
BALLASTING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN BALLAST OR CONTAINERS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Milton Stuart at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1880.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
MILTON STUART, of Seaforth, in the County of Lancaster.
BALLASTING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN BALLAST OR CONTAINERS FOR
THE SAME,"
In water ballasting ships as at present practised the tanks have introduced grave
evils. They are practically excluded from carrying cargo, and when the ship is
laden they are frequently pumped out and act, filled with air, like air bladders or
balloons, making the ship top heavy, and tending to capsize it. The tanks are
also costly to build, interfere with the painting of the space below, and thus induce
extra corrosion. Now my Invention is designed to avoid this evil, and consists in
ballasting with a ballast of bags filled with water. These bags are made of water-
proof material, or lined or coated with waterproof material. They are provided
with a neck with a ball stopper or other valve, or with a sleeve that can be tightly
tied after the water has been inserted. These bags are first placed in the hold,
then filled with water by a hose, pipe, or other apparatus, and then stoppered or
sealed in any desirable manner. When they have to be removed they can be
pumped out or emptied over the ship's side instead of having to be landed at a
quay, as with sand ballast. Stowed away empty in a well laden ship they require
little roomage, and are ready when wanted for the return voyage.
AN IMPROVED LEVER FASTENING FOR DOORS AND SASHES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Andrews at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd April 1880.
GEORGE ANDREWS, of 120, Sidney St., Mile End, in the Parish of Mile End
Old Town, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED LEVER FASTENING FOR
DOORS AND SASHES."
A circular wedge lever grip bolt, which is easily applied to doors or sashes, the
socket or capped pin being fixed on the opposite object purposed to be secured.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner it is performed,
and also furnished Drawings herewith attached, the advantages I claim are, tho
circular wedge grip bolt with lever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFacture of PAPER
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nicholas Gosselin Richardson, of Tyaquin Monivea, in
the County of Galway, and William Smith, of Golden Bridge Mills, in the
County of Dublin, Civil Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFacture of PAPER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nicholas Gosselin Richardson
and William Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
23rd September 1880.
NICHOLAS GOSSELIN RICHARDSON, of Tyaquin Monivea, in the County of
Galway, and WILLIAM SMITH, of Golden Bridge Mills, in the County of Dublin,
Civil Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER.'
Our Invention for making paper consists in the employment of a new vegetable
substance combined with other substances now used in the manufacture. Or such
vegetable substance can be used alone to make from it, by the aid of the usual
appliances or apparatus, a pulp, from which the paper is made.
The vegetable substance we use is molinia coerulea, otherwise melica coerulea,
commonly known as melic grass. This grass is converted into pulp or half stuff,
and same can, as hereinbefore mentioned, be, by the usual appliances or apparatus,
converted into paper or such substance as may be combined with any of the
substances usually employed in the manufacture of paper.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Nicholas Gosselin Richardson and William Smith in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 22nd March 1881.
NICHOLAS GOSSELIN RICHARDSON, of Tyaquin Monivea, in the County of
Galway, and WILLIAM SMITH, of Golden Bridge Mills, in the County of Dublin,
Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
Our Invention for making paper consists in the employment of a row vegetable
substance combined with other substances not used in the manufacture.
Or such vegetable substance can be used alone to make from it, by the aid of the
usual appliances or apparatus, a pulp, from which the paper is made.
The vegetable substance we use is molinea coerulea, otherwise melica coerulea,
commonly known as melic grass. This grass is converted into pulp or half stuff,
and same can, as herein before mentioned, be, by the usual appliances or apparatus,
converted into paper or such substance as may be combined with any of the
substances usually employed in the manufacture of paper.
Having now particularly described and. ascertained the nature and object of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we hereby
declare that we claim, the said Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of
Paper," substantially as hereinbefore-set-forth-and-described.-
In witness whereof, we, the-said- Nicholas-Gosselin-Richardson_and_William_
Smith, have hereunto set our bands and seals, this Nineteenth day of
March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty
onc.
Signed, sealed, & delivered by the within
named Nicholas Gosselin Richardson and
William Smith, before me, this Nineteenth
day of March 1881,
D. RUTTLIDGE, J.P.,
Co. Mayo.
NICH. G. RICHARDSON. (LS.)
W. SMITH.
(I..S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR MEASURING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Toy, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR MEASURING WATER
AND OTHER LIQUIDS."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Toy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December 1880.
SAMUEL TOY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN METERS FOR MEASURING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS."
My Invention has for its object improvements in meters for measuring water
and other liquids in an accurate manner, and without the use of complex machinery
which is likely to get out of order.
According to my Invention I use a cylinder and moving piston which travels
from one end to the other of the cylinder by the force of the water. But the
novelty consists in the fact that I hang the cylinder on a pivot, so that when the
piston bas travelled to either end of the cylinder that particular end is the heaviest
or lightest for the time being, according to the construction of the piston, i.e., the
piston by its bulk and difference in its specific gravity to water or other liquids
overcomes the balance of the cylinder upon its axis, and thus creates a motion
which I utilize for turning on and off the water in many various ways. I will
describe one of the ways:-
Suppose the cylinder to hang in an inclined position upon its pivot and the
piston, say, made of iron at its lower end, the water passages being open to the
main between the lower end and the piston, the piston will be forced up the
inclined cylinder to the top end, where it comes in contact with an india rubber
cushion or other contrivance which it presses. This cushion is connected with a
spring or other arrangement, outside, which sustains the cylinder in its inclined
D...9311

page_text: position while the piston travels up, but which is liberated by the said internal
pressure of the piston against the cushion, when the heavy end of the cylinder at
once drops down, reversing the incline and water passages, which are arranged
something like a two way cock at the pivots of the cylinder. A suitable index is
attached, and the whole enclosed when necessary in a case to protect the moving 5
parts from any interference.
The working parts may be made from any suitable metal, such, for instance, as
brass, cast iron, steel, or other metals or alloys, and the piston of the same, or of
vulcanite, or other material.
VARIOUS NEW APPLICATIONS OF CERTAIN ALLOYS OF IRON FOR PURPOSES FOR WHICH HITHERTO ORDINARY IRON, OTHER METALS, GLASS, POTTERYWARE, INDIA RUBBER, AND SUCH LIKE MATERIALS HAVE BEEN USED
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Friedrich Claus at the Office
A communi-
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1880.
cation from Hermann Uelsmann, Ph. Dr., Koenigshuette, Silesia, Germany.
CARL FRIEDRICH CLAUS, of 16, Mark Lane, in the City of London, Chemist.
"VARIOUS NEW APPLICATIONS OF CERTAIN ALLOYS OF IRON FOR PURPOSES FOR
WHICH HITHERTO ORDINARY IRON, OTHER METALS, GLASS, POTTERYWARE, INDIA
RUBBER, AND SUCH LIKE MATERIALS HAVE BEEN USED." A communication from
Hermann Uelsmann, Ph. Dr., Koenigshuette, Silesia, Germany.
A variety of apparatus, appliances, tools, and pieces of machinery used in the
manufacture of nitric acid, or in processes in which nitric acid in the gaseous or
liquid form is employed, have been hitherto constructed of ordinary iron, other
metals, pottery ware, glass, guttapercha, india rubber, and such like materials;
such constructions of iron become however more or less acted upon and destroyed
by the action of the acid, and smaller apparatus and tools are therefore frequently
made of potteryware, glass, platinum, etc., whilst for the larger plant, on account of
expense, required strength, and large size, such materials are not applicable.
The object of my Invention, now, is to construct or make all such articles of
what is termed silicon iron, that is, an iron which contains larger quantities of silicon
or silicide of iron than is found in the ordinary cast iron of commerce, and which
contains, say, at least five per cent. of silicon. The larger the per centage of
silicon is in the iron, the greater is its resistance against the acid, and as silicon
iron has been produced of as much as twenty and twenty two per cent. of
silicon, an iron of ten to fifteen per cent. is readily obtainable, and answers all
purposes for which I propose to use said alloy, though a higher percentage is not
objectionable.
In a similar manner to that described above, I use the said alloy in the
construction of apparatus, tools and machinery which are exposed to the action of
other mineral acids, gaseous or liquid, and mixtures of mineral or other acids, for
instance, for and in connection with decomposing apparatus for salt, nitre, and
other chemicals, for sulphuric acid plant, for mixing or condensing apparatus, tanks,
receivers, taps, pipes, and other fittings, and for such structures for which lead,
blocktin, gunmetal, or white metal has been used hitherto.
I further employ the said alloy of more or less per centage of silicon for
all structures which are required to withstand the action of an atmosphere
contaminated with gases destructive to ordinary iron (as in large towns), or which
have to withstand the action of salt or sea water.
I also use the alloy for elements of galvanic batteries.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PLOUGHS, HOES, AND CULTIVATORS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Allison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st December 1880. A communication
from abroad by Hermann Wagner, of Toulouse, in the Department of Haute
Garonne, France.
HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of the Firm of Allison Brothers, Patent Agents,
of 41, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PLOUGHS, HOES, AND CULTIVATORS." A communication from abroad
by Hermann Wagner, of Toulouse, in the Department of Haute Garonne,
France.
It is well known that the shares of ploughs, either of cast iron or steel, get
blunt very quickly, especially in heavy and stoney soil, and therefore require to be
replaced frequently if they are of cast iron, or to be reforged if they are of steel,
which is very costly, and causes continual inconvenience.
It has already been tried to obviate this inconvenience by adapting to the shares
of the ploughs movable straight points. These points have the fault of necessitating
behind the inould board of the plough the employment of a system of wedging,
which is rather complicated, not very solid, and encumbersome, and which could
not be applied in any manner to the feet of cultivators, hoes, &c., which being
isolated have nothing to enclose, sustain, and hide the rod of the point, which thus
drags at the back, exposed to every shock, and consequently has no firmness.
This Invention consists in the employment of a movable curved point which
slides at the front of the plough in a rectangular groove made in the body of the
implement. It is maintained in its position for sliding by the mould board, and
is fixed by a set screw, which allows of regulating the length of the point destined
to turn over the soil.
This curved point may, with great advantage, be applied to the feet of cultivators,
hoes, and subsoil ploughs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBOLIC ACID AND OTHER ANALOGOUS PHENOLS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wischin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th September 1880.
•
GEORGE WISCHIN, formerly of Prague, in the Empire of Austria, but now of
Number 1, Albion Terrace, Rochdale Road, Harpurhey, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Analytical Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CARBOLIC ACID AND OTHER ANALOGOUS PHENOLS."
My improvements consist in the substitution of carbolic acid or gases or vapours
or liquids containing free or uncombined carbonic acid, or of the substitution of
the bicarbonates of the alkalies for the mineral acids (sulfuric or muriatic) hitherto
used for the economical treatment of alkaline solutions of carbolic acid, crude or
otherwise, or analogous phenols. I thereby effect the same object as is obtained by
using mineral acids, which is to separate the above named organic bodies out of
their alkaline solutions and combinations, and I obtain instead of the comparative
valueless chlorides or sulfates of the alkalies, the more valueable carbonates
which may be used for various purposes, as for instance, they may be causticized,
and the resulting lyes used over again in the same manufacture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKE OR SKID APPARATUS FOR WHEELED CARRIAGES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wardrop MacVicar Hill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1880.
WARDROP MACVICAR HILL, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKE OR SKID APPARATUS FOR WHEELED
CARRIAGES."
This Invention has for its object, by an improved construction or arrangement
of the brake or skid apparatus of wheeled carriages, to facilitate the releasing
thereof, without putting horses to the severe strain of backing required with
ordinary brake shoes or skids in order to get the wheels off when the bottom of a
steep or inclined road has been reached.
In carrying out the Invention, the brake shoe or skid is connected to the frame
of the wagon or other carriage at a point in advance of the wheel to be skidded by
a chain which is long enough to allow it to lie or be drawn on the ground quite in
the rear of the wheel. To the same point of the frame (or to a separate point, but
by preference the same point) there is connected by one, two, or more chain links,
a slip hook and a holding ring; and when the brake shoe or skid is to be used, the
chain is engaged upon the slip hook by one of its links, selected so that a part of
the chain will be looped up in a manner to retain the brake shoe or skid under the
wheel in the position for braking or skidding. The slip hook is a pointed rod
jointed to one of the links, and made with an elbow, the part from the elbow to the
point being comparatively long and slightly bent outwards. When the slip book
has been entered into the link of the skid chain, the holding ring, which can slide
in a long link, is slipped over the point, and keeps the connection secure as long as
the parts are strained. When the carter or driver wishes to release the brake shoe
or skid, he moves back the holding ring off the hook, which then turns over and
allows the chain to get free, and assume its full length, and the brake shoe or skid
to get behind and clear of the wheel.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR LOCKETS AND WATCHES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fortunato Velati at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1880.
FORTUNATO VELATI, of Euston Road, in the County of Middlesex, Goldsmith
and Jeweller. "AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR LOCKETS AND WATCHES."
My Invention relates to an improved fastening for lockets and watches, whereby
the cases are securely closed and prevented from opening accidentally.
I will describe by Invention as applied to a locket, although exactly the same
arrangement may be used for watches.
Upon the top of the rim of either the front or back case of the locket is secured
a piece of gold, silver, or other suitable metal of which the locket is made, and
having a part cut out in the middle, so as to give it the form of a hollow box with
the front removed. A forged or hardened forked piece of gold, silver, or other
suitable metal, which forms the link for attaching the locket to the chain or
necklace is sprung upon the two sides of the box-piece, the top part of the fork
being cut so as to give it a certain amount of spring. The inner surfaces of the
sides of the fork are each provided with one or two small projections, which when
the forked piece is sprung upon the box-piece enter into small indentations on the
outer surfaces of the sides of the box-piece, the forked piece being in an upright
position. Two small screws are screwed through the sides of the forked piece and
move freely in two holes pierced through the sides of the box-piece, projecting
slightly into the interior.
Upon the top of the rim of the other case of the locket is fixed a gold, silver, or
other suitable metallic piece which closes the box-piece, and which is provided with
a tongue piece in front for entering into the cavity of the box-piece. This tongue
has a hole pierced through it, into which the small screws above mentioned enter
when the locket is fastened.
In order to open the locket, the forked piece is pushed back so as to be at right
angles with the box-piece, which movement will force the small projections on the
interior surfaces of the sides of the forked piece out of the indentations in the sides
of the box-piece, and the said forked piece will turn upon the screws as pivots.
The projections will thus bear upon the plain surface of the sides of the box-piece
and will force the sides of the forked piece slightly outwards, thus disengaging the

page_text: screws from the hole in the tongue above mentioned; the locket is then free to be
opened.
Either of the cases of the locket may be fitted with a magnifying glass, which is
caused to rise into position by a spiral spring when the locket is opened.
When the fastening is applied to watches, it will serve as a great security :
against the watch being snatched from off the chain, or the chain away from the
watch.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF HAT OR BONNET CASE
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Loftus Hutchings, of Sandymount, in the County of
Dublin, Ireland, for an Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION
OF HAT OR BONNET CASE."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Loftus Hutchings at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th September 1880.
LOFTUS HUTCHINGS, of Sandymount, in the County of Dublin, Ireland.
OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF HAT OR BONNET CASE."
" A NEW
My Invention has for its object the construction of a case for hats or bonnets,
and is also designed for the purpose of carrying other articles, such as a writing
case, dressing case, also collars and other light articles of wearing apparel.
To this end I form an outer caso or shell of tin, wood, or other suitable material
of an oblong shape and of suitable size, within which I arrange a second or inuer
case so that there will bo a space formed between the two cases or shells all
round;
and again, within this last described second or inner case I fix a cylindrical
chamber or compartment for the reception of the hat or bonnet.
The case or box thus formed is open at both ends and closed by air tight lids or
covers, cach being provided with a flange so that the flange of the top cover will
fall outside the edge of the case, and the flange of the lower cover will fit within
the edge of the case. The hat or bonnet is inserted from the bottom of the case,
and the bottom cover together with the top cover may be secured by straps or
other suitable means.
The space formed between the outer and inner cases or shells I propose to utilize
as recepticals for the package of writing, toilet, jewel, or other similar cases, as
also for light articles of wearing apparel, as already specified.
I propose also to arrange a secret pocket between the inner case or shell and
the cylindrical compartment, the existence of which will not be generally
transparent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR GRAVELLING AND HOGGING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edgar Job Chaston at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1880.
"
EDGAR JOB CHASTON, of Roupel Street, Lambeth. IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR GRAVELLING AND HOGGING."
This Invention has for object the more economical and even gravelling of roads
or other surfaces of ground.
For this purpose I key an ordinary road wheel of suitable construction to cach
end of a horizontal axle. On the same axle, between the wheels, I fix two or
more bevil toothed wheels, which gear into and operate similar toothed wheels
fixed on spindles, to each of which a circular brush is attached. The upper ends
of the said spindles run in guides or bearings, and their lower ends in steps. Above
the axle I fix a casing or hopper which is supplied with the gravel it is proposed to
spread over the surface of the ground. The apparatus is provided with shafts so
that it may be drawn by a draught animal. When put in motion the brushes
revolve, and the door or valve of the casing or hopper containing the gravel having
been opened the gravel falls between the revolving brushes and is spread over the
ground. The brush spindles may be mounted either vertically, horizontally, or at
any suitable angle, and they may be made to revolve in the same or contrary
directions. The casing or hopper is constructed with the same number of shoots
for supplying gravel to the brushes as there are sets of brushes fitted to the
apparatus.
The apparatus may be mounted on four wheels instead of two, and may be
drawn by more than one draught animal.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING AND POINTING CONCRETE BUILDINGS, PART OF SUCH APPARATUS BEING APPLICABLE FOR POINTING BRICKWORK
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Paterson Waterson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st May 1880.
JOHN PATERSON WATERSON, of Denman Street, in the County of Surroy,
Architect. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING AND
POINTING CONCRETE BUILDINGS, PART OF SUCH APPARATUS BEING APPLICABLE
FOR POINTING BRICKWORK."
According to the first part of this Invention I employ a double row of Tiron,
I iron, iron, or steel standards fixed vertically and at convenient intervals, the said
standards being suitably braced together, thus forming a skeleton frame; I then
placo boards against the inner flat surface of the aforesaid standards. These boards
may be temporarily kept in position by pieces of wood placed betwen them and
the space between forms the thickness of the wall, the concreto being filled in
between the said boards.
According to the second part of this Invention I point concrete surfaces by means
of a frame made of metal or other suitable material. This frame is stamped or cut
out in such a way as to represent the joints of brickwork, and is to be placed
against the face of the concrete surface, and with a stiff brush or other suitable
appliance 1 rub the pointing material over the aforesaid frame or stencil instead of
having to point the surface with a straight edge as heretofore. It is obvious
that this method of pointing would be equally applicable for the pointing of
brickwork.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' DRESS SUSPENDERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wallis Twigg and William
Charles Williamson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th
June 1880.
WILLIAM WALLACE TWIGG, of the Firm of William Twigg and Company, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, and WILLIAM CHARLES
WILLIAMSON, of Birmingham aforesaid, Tool Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES'
DRESS SUSPENDERS."
Our Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of ladies' dress
suspenders in the following manner :-
The part of the suspender by which the dress is gripped consists as usual of two
discs fixed respectively on the ends of two arms jointed together at their other
ends. The jointed arms are so connected to an ornamental plate by which the
suspender is attached to the person of the wearer that when the said plate is
symmetrically situated with respect to the two arms the said arms are pressed
towards each other and locked in that position, and when the said plate is turned
aside the arms are unlocked and opened. The connection of these arms, which we
will call the principal arms, with the plate is effected as follows:-One of the
principal arms has, at a short distance from the joint, a short arm rigidly fixed
to it on its inner side and jointed to the plate at a short distance beyond the middle
line of the said plate. The other principal arm has also a short arm on its inner
side jointed to the plate a short distance beyond the middle line of the plate. This
last named short arm is connected to its principal arm by a joint. When the
plate is turned aside the joint pins connecting the short arms to the plate are
situated in a line passing midway between the principal arms, but when the plate
is brought into a symmetrical position with respect to the principal arms, the joint
pin by which the last described short arm is connected to the plate is carried
beyond the joint pin of the other short arm. The two principal arms are thus
drawn tightly together. As the said joint pin is carried beyond the neutral line
before its motion is arrested the principal arms are locked in their closed position.
By applying a moderate pressure to the plate it may be turned out of its
symmetrical position and the principal arms of the suspender are unlocked and
opened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL CANS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tom Harrison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1880.
GEORGE TOM HARRISON, of Kirkstall, near Leeds, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL CANS AND OTHER VESSELS."
My improvements are applicable to oil cans and other vessels used for containing
liquids.
The body of the can or vessel may be of ordinary construction. The lid thereof
is hinged by preference, so that it moves inwards when being opened, and when
closed forms a perfectly tight cover for the opening or mouth of the vessel,
preventing the escape of liquid.
The stop valve in the spout and the lid are so coupled together that they may be
opened together, being actuated by a valve spindle, and also closed simultaneously
when pressure is taken off a spindle actuated in preference by a flat spring or
springs.
Round the opening or mouth of the vessel is provided a hopper flanged in such a
manner as to avoid any overflow of liquid when being poured out at spout.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ENABLING THE PROCESS OF SOFTENING HARD WATER TO BE EFFECTED AUTOMATICALLY
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1880.
HENRY BRIGHT, of No. 100, The Parade, Leamington, in the County of Warwick,
Goldsmith. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ENABLING THE PROCESS OF
SOFTENING HARD WATER TO BE EFFECTED AUTOMATICALLY."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for enabling the
process of softening hard water to be effected automatically.
The process most usually employed for softening hard water is that known as
Clarke's process, in which the softening of the hard water is effected by the addition
to it of a certain quantity of lime water. The object of my Invention is to enable
a proper quantity of lime water (or other solution which may be used) to be
automatically added to and mixed with a given volume of hard water, instead of
its being left to the care or judgment of a workman or servant as heretofore. For
this purpose I use a cistern, into which the hard water can be admitted by a water
supply pipe, and into which also lime water can be admitted from a tank containing
a quantity of saturated lime water.
The ball taps by which the inlet of the water supply and of the lime water into
the cistern are controlled, are retained shut by means of a catch until the cistern is
nearly empty, when the catch is withdrawn, and both taps open simultaneously,
so letting in both supplies with sufficient fall to perfectly mix the ingredients.
The ball tap for the admission of water is at a higher level than the tap for the
admission of lime water. When the right quantity of lime water has been delivered
into the cistern (usually one eighth) the tap by which it is admitted is closed by the
floating of its ball, whilst the water supply tap continues to run until the cistern is
filled; the inlet tap for water is then closed by the floating of its ball, and the catchi
locks both taps and keeps them closed until the cistern has again been nearly
cmptied.
The amount of lime water admitted into the cistern can be regulated by fixing
the float or ball of the ball cock by which it enters the cistern, either higher or
lower, relatively to the cock.
During the time that the cistorn is filling the exit of water from the cistern is
shut off by a valve, but when the cistern is filled and the water supply cock is shut
by the rising of its ball arm, the outlet valve which is connected with a tail piece
ו....

page_text: on this arm is opened, and the now softened water can be drawn off, preferably
through a filtering compartment at one end of the cistern.
When the water has been drawn off as required from the cistern, and the cistern
is again nearly empty, a ball or float attached to the catch then drops and releases
the ball arms of the inlet taps, and allows them to open when the same operation
is repeated. Inclines are formed on the catch so that if the ball arm of one
cock is liberated and drops, the arm of the other cock must be simultaneously
liberated and set free to drop.
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR WINDING YARNS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grayson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1880.
JOHN GRAYSON, of Leeds, in the County of York.
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR WINDING YARNS."
" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
My improvements consist in causing the spindle on which the "cop" or bobbin
is wound to rise and fall instead of the conductor or guide for the purpose of
laying on the yarn uniformly. In order to impart the required movement to the
spindle I employ a cam, which is timed to suit the rotary motion which is imparted
in combination with the vertical. This rotary motion is by preference given
through the medium of a frictional disc, whereby such movement is accelerated or
reduced as the "wall" or pulley of the spindle is traversed to or from the centre
thereof to suit the form of the "cop" or bobbin. The conductor or guide for the
yarn is provided with apparatus whereby it can be moved down or allowed to fall
to suit the length of the "cop" or bobbin as it is being formed. This is effected
by means of a nut, which is actuated by a tappit arrangement or its equivalent,
which is operated by the "cop" or bobbin as it is being moved up or down.
This machine is particularly applicable for winding tender and delicately dyed
yarns.
AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MATERIALS FOR PRODUCING NON-FADING SIGNS, DEVICES, ADDRESSES, OR ADVERTISEMENTS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Budd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd June 1880.
JAMES BUDD, of 264, Bethnal Green Road, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MATERIALS FOR PRODUCING NON-FADING SIGNS,
DEVICES, ADDRESSES, OR ADVERTISEMENTS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to an improved combination of materials for producing
non-fading signs, devices, addresses, or advertisements, and for other similar
purposes.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I first manufacture or produce a kind of
shell or "dish" of glass, which glass is scored during the moulding process.
The
glass shell or dish may be oval, round, rectangular, or any other suitable shape.
I then transfer, preferably in gold leaf, the letters, numbers, designs, devices, or
whatever else it is desired to exhibit on to skin or paper which is placed upon the
inner surface of the glass shell or dish.
Boiling engravers' wax hardened by spirits of wine is next poured on to the skin,
and causes it to shrink up or become absorbed or eaten up by the wax, at the same
time leaving the gold letters, numbers, devices, or designs intact.
Fine powdered flint or sand is then put onto the wax at a red heat, and forms a
rough surface to receive a layer of plaster of Paris or Portland cement, which is
spread over the surface of the powdered flint or sand and adheres thereto.
The plaster of Paris has a cooling property, and not only prevents the wax
melting under increase of temperature, but greatly adds to the general strength of
the combination.
The whole is then placed by preference on a wooden backing, which is covered
on its surface with fine tacks, pins, or projections to take into the plaster of
Paris.
Some of the advantages of the Invention are that the letters, numbers, devices,
or designs, or whatever it is desired to exhibit, are free from the influence of the
atmosphere, and will consequently last in their original brightness for an indefinite
period, while the glass being scored and the combination of materials making the
whole a solid mass renders it so strong as to be practically free from accidental
breakage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. THE TREATMENT OF GAS TO BE USED FOR HEATING OR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th July 1880. A communication from
abroad by Lionel Henry Pottinger, William Piper Monkhouse, Charles Artlet,
the younger, and Thomas James Thompson, all of Sydney, in the Colony of
New South Wales.
CHARLES EDWARDS, of Bickley, in the County of Kent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
THE TREATMENT OF GAS TO BE USED FOR HEATING OR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES."
[A communication from abroad by Lionel Henry Pottinger, William Piper
Monkhouse, Charles Artlet, the younger, and Thomas James Thompson, all of
Sydney, in the Colony of New South Wales.]
This Invention has for its object to improve the quality of gas used for
illuminating and heating purposes, whereby the illuminating and heating powers of
the gas will be greatly increased.
In carrying out this Invention, the gas to be treated is brought into contact with,
or is passed through, gasoline, benzine, or other hydro-carbon liquid that gives off
an inflammable vapour at a temperature of less than one hundred and ten (110)
degrees Fabr. The gas as it passes through or in contact with the liquid hydro-
carbon becomes charged with or absorbs properties belonging to and arising from
the hydro-carbon, which gives it increased illuminating and heat giving powers it
did not previously possess.
The hydro-carbon liquid is contained in a reservoir, cistern, tank, or other vessel,
and the gas is introduced thereto through a pipe or conductor, which may be partly
or wholly immersed in the hydro-carbon liquid, so that the gas as it escapes from
the pipe will bubble up through the liquid, or the tank or other vessel may be filled
with sponge, cotton, tow, lint, pumice stone, or other porous substance, or wire or
other gauze material charged or saturated with the hydro-carbon liquid, whereby
the gas as it percolates through will become saturated or charged with the
properties obtained from and produced by the hydro-carbon liquid.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MAKING PAPER SPILLS OR PIPE LIGHTERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Rettie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1880.
JAMES RETTIE, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MAKING PAPER SPILLS OR PIPE
LIGHTERS."
This Invention relates to a new or improved machine for making paper spills or
pipe lighters.
According to my Invention a spindle (by preference gradually tapering) is
mounted near one end in a horizontal bearing so that it may be rotated therein;
outside is a cranked handle to give such rotation. A spring catch is attached to
the spindle at the other side of the bearing, and beyond this is the greater part of
the length of the spindle. A piece of paper (which should be oblong) to be made
into a spill is placed with one corner under the spring catch and held to the spindle
by gentle pressure of the hand. The spindle is then revolved and the paper is
thus twisted round it. The paper should be long enough to leave a short portion
projecting beyond the spindle after being coiled. This end is twisted so as to
fasten the coils of the paper, and the spill is then completed. The spring catch is
raised and the spill drawn off ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING LOCKS FOR Old, in. DOORS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Andrews at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1880.
GEORGE ANDREWS, of 120, Sidney Street, Mile End, in the Parish of Mile End
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING LOCKS FOR
Old Town, in the County of Middlesex.
DOORS."
A circular bolt which is worked by means of a spindle and spring, the spindle
being inserted through the door & securely fastened by a back nut, and is stopped
by a small bolt with spring projecting from the door, which being released when
the door is closed, owing to it coming in contact with the frame, the door is securely
and immediately fastened.
I secure my spring and bolts in a small box, which is mortised in the usual
manner into the door.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner it is
performed, and also furnished Drawings herewith attached, the advantages I claim
are the circular bolt with stop action and spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIREPROOF' SAFES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorentz Albert Groth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1880. A communication
from abroad by Axel Herman Weström, Civil Engineer, of Stockholm.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTH, Civil Engineer and Proprietor of The Scandinavian
Patent Office, under the Firm L. A. Groth & Co., 2, Finsbury Pavement, London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIREPROOF' SAFES." A communica-
tion from abroad by Axel Herman Weström, Civil Engineer, of Stockholm.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of fireproof
safes, the object being by the construction and fitting of the parts to prevent the
conduction of heat.
In "fireproof" or iron safes as hitherto employed there has been metallic con-
duction between the exterior and the interior covering plates, partially through the
frame that forms the door, partly through the transverse plates of the door itself,
and the bolts securing the parts together. From this it results that whenever
such a safe is exposed to a violent and long continued fire the temperature of its
interior must sooner or later approximate to that of its exterior, whereby the
papers, books, and jewellery placed therein will be destroyed. The isolating mass
can under such circumstances offer but an imperfect protection.
In the construction of safes according to this Invention all metallic conduction
between the exterior plates of the safe and its interior is avoided.
'
The whole of the exterior plates together with the door of the safe are fitted
with nonconducting plates or linings of some isolating material in a solid state,
with a plain surface at the edges of the nonconducting inner linings for the lining
of the door to close upon. An inner lining of metal is provided and comes against
the nonconducting lining, and inside of this is placed the actual safe receptacle
itself, the sides of which have been previously coated with a layer of cattle hair,
felt, or cloth, impregnated with fireproof chemical mixture of desired kind. The
safe receptacle is of wood chemically impregnated against fire, and also forms a
non-conductor.
The door is formed of a double outer plate, within which is a space for the lock
mechanism, and rising from the inner surface of this plate are edges within which
the nonconducting block or plate is received, and secured to the said inner plate
ID 11

page_text: by screws passing through countersunk holes, which will then be plugged with
like nonconducting material. The conducting material may be of any kind, but
that preferred to be employed is common ashes mixed with solution of water-glass
until moistened, so that they may be pressed into blocks by hydraulic or other
press. For the door block, which requires greater tenacity, asbestos is employed 5
along with the ashes and water glass.
AN IMPROVED STAND FOR HOLDING BOTTLED. EFFERVESCING LIQUIDS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Carter, of Cheapside, in the City of
London, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED STAND FOR HOLDING BOTTLED.
EFFERVESCING LIQUIDS."
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Carter at
the Offico of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1880.
WILLIAM EDWARD CARTER, of Cheapside, in the City of London.
STAND FOR HOLDING BOTTLED EFFERVESCING LIQUIDS."
"AN IMPROVED
According to this Invention I make a stand to hold one or moro bottles of
champagne or other effervescing liquids, so that the liquid contained therein may
be opened and stoppered up again without the gases immediately escaping on the.
bottle being opened, as is the case with stands of the present construction.
For this purpose I construct a stand in such a way as that the bottle held
therein can be reversed or turned upside down when not in use, thus keeping the
gases contained in the liquid at the bottom of the bottle, so that when the bottle is
turned up to pour out the liquid the gases have to pass through the same and
cannot immediately escape. According to this Invention I propose to construct
the staud as follows .-
"
To a plate I attach an upright standard, at about the centre of which I pivot a
frame; to hold the bottle on this frame is fitted a spring bottom and at top a
tappered cork or stopper.
The action is as follows:-
When the bottle is placed in the stand it is reversed simply by turning the
aforesaid frame over, and when it is desired to pour out a glass of champagne (for
example) the frame is turned up, and the bottle taken out by pressing it down, as
in stands of the present construction.

page_text: remark in conclusion that I do not intend to limit myself to the precise details
above described and represented in the Drawing, but what I claim and desire to
secure by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is a stand constructed to
hold one or more bottles of champagne or other effervescing liquid in such a manner
as that the said bottle or bottles may be reversed or turned over in the said stand,
substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Carter, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty third day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
WILLIAM EDWARD CARTER. (L.S.)