IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTture of ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF PILE FABRICS, AND IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS PROVISIONAL SPFICATION
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Dionys Marcon, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTture of
ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF PILE FABRICS, AND IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Dionys Marcon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1880.
"IMPROVEMENTS
DIONYS MARCON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF PILE FABRICS, AND IN THE
METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR WEAVING AND CUTTING THE SAME."
The Invention relates in the first place to improved means and method for
actuating the healds for forming the pile, and is applicable to hand or power looms
in which two pieces or stuffs with a pile are woven at one and the same time.
The healds are actuated by means of tappets, and the pile warp is locked thrice in
one back or foundation, and twice in the back alternately, that is to say, the pile
warp is picked under and over the foundation warps. Three healds are employed
for each ground warp, and make four picks in each ground warp, during one half
revolution of the drum, that is to say, eight picks in the two ground warps during
the entire revolution of the drum. The three warp beams or rollers may be fixed
to any suitable frame of the loom, and the tension be regulated in any ordinary
and suitable manner. The loom is provided with two pile warp beams or rollers,
and are placed over and under the ground warp beam and with one back or ground
warp beam, the yarn from which beam is separated so as to form two ground
warps. The Invention relates in the second place to the employment of a novel
form of knife for cutting the pile and separating the pieces, and for maintaining
the knife or cutter in a sharp condition to effect the cutting of the pile and
separating the pieces in a better manner than heretofore, the surface cut possessing
greater evenness and brilliancy on account of the knife or cutter being always kept
sharp. The said pieces are cut or severed exactly in the middle. A circular
cutting disc forming the said knife is preferably made of steel and formed with a

page_text: sharp or cutting edge at its periphery, and is arranged to be revolved by means of
a rack and pinion during the time it is caused to traverse along the rack which is
made suitable to the width of fabric being woven. The said cutter is fitted
between two plates constituting a carrier in which the disc is caused to revolve,
and which plates admit of the adjustment of the cutter in order to penetrate
varying thicknesses of fabric. Onto the said carrier two sharpening composition
stones are mounted with the cutter, and, on the opposite side to the part which
effects the cutting, and which stones effect the sharpening of the cutter during the
cutting operation and also during the time it is returning to effect a fresh cut.
The above disc carrier is caused to traverse the width of the cloth by the same
motion as that which regulates, the height of the pile.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Dionys Marcon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th December
1880.
DIONYS MARCON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF PILE FABRICS, AND IN THE
METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR WEAVING AND CUTTING THE SAME.'
.
"
The Invention relates in the first place to improved means and method for
actuating the healds when forming the pile, and is applicable to all looms in which
two pieces or stuffs.with a pile arc woven at one, and the same time. The healds
are raised or depressed at suitable times by means of tappets acting on treadles; the
pile warp is locked thrice in one back or foundation, and twice in the back
alternately, that is to say, the pile warp is picked under and over the foundation
warps. Three healds are employed for each ground warp, and make four picks in
each ground warp during one half revolution of the drum, that is to say, eight
picks in the two ground warps during one revolution of the drum. The three
warp beams may be fixed to any convenient part of the loom framing. Two pile
warp beams are employed and placed under and over the ground warp beam, and
with one back or ground warp beam, the yarn from which beam is separated so as
to form two ground warps. The Invention relates in the second place to the
employment of a novel form of knife for cutting the pile exactly in the middle of
the pile threads, and in means for actuating and sharpening the same.
And in order that the Invention may be the better understood I have caused to
be appended hereunto two Sheets of Drawings marked with letters of reference,
corresponding letters indicating similar parts thereon. Referring in this place to
the said Drawings, Fig. 1 represents a side view of a loom with my improvements
applied thereto and designed for weaving and cutting cotton velvets; Figs. 2, 3,
and 4, Sheet 2, represents the manner of mounting the knife for cutting the pile
threads.
2.
The ground and back warps a, a, are both supplied from the warp beam A, and
the pile b, b, is supplied from the pile beams B, B¹, one for each piece; the
weft c being beat up by the sley d at suitable times, whereby the pile is locked in
both grounds, the ground warp beam a is suitably placed between the two pile
warp beams B, B. The shedding of the warps is effected by the shafts or healds e,
which are actuated as follows:-Four shafts for the pile warps, or two for each pile
warp; six shafts for the ground warps, or three for each, the healds e being
raised and depressed at suitable times by the tappets f acting on the treadles g.
The improved cutting arrangement is shown on Sheet 2, wherein Fig. 2 represents
a front view, Fig. 3 a side view, and Fig. 4 a plan. The circular blade or disc h is
caused to revolve between the plates i, 2, which are loosely connected to the
carriage and are traversed to and fro across the loom upon the slide rail g fixed at.
each end to both side frames on the front of the loom. The cutting edge of the
knife h is constantly kept sharp by means of the grinding faces k, k¹, which may
be of emery or any other suitable material or composition, the said grinding
faces k, k, being fixed one at the top and the other at the bottom of the knife, and
at any suitable distance round the periphery of the blade h. The blade h during
the time it is revolved bears against the grinding faces k, k¹, being ground on the
opposite or rear portion of its carrier whilst it cuts the pile threads at the opposed
side, and also while it is returning to its former position at the end of the slide rail,
so that every portion of the edge of the blade that comes in contact with the material
is just coming from the sharpening surfaces. In order that the said circular disc
or knife may sever the pile between the two backs or foundations and exactly in
the middle of the pile, each back or foundation will be formed with a pile face.
The part of the circular blade h coming in contact with the pile threads is guided
during this action in a straight line or path longitudinally during the time it is
caused to rotate between the plates 1, 1, which latter forms a holder for the blade h,

page_text: the plate being connected above and the plate l' below the knife or blade h.
This holder, which I term the cutter guide, also acts to open the passage for the
cutting edge of the blade h in order that it may sever into two pieces the woven
material in a longitudinal direction, and also imparts steadiness to the blade h
whilst cutting, which is an important advantage, as the cutting of the pile warps
becomes irregular when the knife is permitted to vibrate as heretofore. In the
centre of the cutter carrier m a stud or pin is fixed, and which passes through a
square hole in the blade h and extends below the slide rail. This stud or pin
carries at its lower end two grooved pulleys or bowls, to one of which is attached a
band or cord extending the entire width of the loom and having its other end
connected to. the left hand side of the loom. To the other pulley or bowl is
attached a second band or cord, the opposite end of which is secured to the right
hand side frame of the loom. When the knife h is being drawn across the length
of the loom the cord or band attached to the side frame coils on the pulley, during
which time the other band will be uncoiling from off the other pulley, and so on
alternately during the time the loom is at work; this action causes the blade / to
revolve first in one direction during the time it is traversed across the width of the
material being cut, and then in the opposite direction during its return movement.
In another and alternative arrangement a rack and pinion may be employed, the
pinion being connected to the pin extending through the blade h, and gears with a
rack on the side of the slide rail. The carriage carrying the cutting apparatus
moves with the wire motion connected therewith by means of a cross rail o,
and actuated from the crank shaft of the loom. The wire t is inserted between
the ground and back warps at each shed, and which regulates the height of the
pile. The slide rail o¹ on which the carriage p rests is connected by means of
studs q, q', to the loom frame, which are formed with slots in order to adjust its
height according to the position of the lathe. To one end of the frame o the wire
or rod thereinhefore mentioned is connected by means of a screw and is led
between the ground and back warps at each shedding thereof, the spring s¹ acting
thereon in the opposite direction to the beating up of the weft by the sley d,
whereby the height or thickness of pile botween the ground and back is equal
to the thickness of the inserted wire or rod t, which after each insertion is led out
of the shed and adjacent thereto. To the end of the frame o the slide rail o¹ is
fastened, and both move together longitudinally and act in concert. The Invention
is shown applied to a cotton velvet loom, but may be applied to the jacquard loom
for weaving cut pile fabrics, and by changing the action of the tappets to looms in
which satin, velvet, or cord is woven.
Having now described and indicated the nature of my Invention, and means for
carrying the same into effect, I would have it to be understood that I claim,
1
First. The manner of mounting the knife or cutter h between guiding plates, and
between two grinding surfaces for maintaining and imparting a keen cutting edge
thereto, substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the Drawings.
Secondly. The arrangements for imparting a rotary motion to the blade h during
the time it is being traversed across the loom, substantially as described.
Thirdly. The method of actuating the healds or heddles in the weaving
operation.
Fourthly. The general arrangement of the loom, substantially as illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Dionys Marcon, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty third day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.