IMPROVED REFRACTORY AND NON-CORRODIBLE COMPOSITIONS APPLICABLE FOR LINING FURNACES, THE MANUFACTURE OF CERAMIC WARE, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Harris Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVED REFRACTORY AND NON-CORRODIBLE COMPOSITIONS APPLICABLE
FOR LINING FURNACES, THE MANUFACTURE OF CERAMIC WARE, AND THE
LIKE" A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Mallion Fillon and
Carlo Lovelli de Capitani. both of Milan, Italy.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Harris Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1881.
OF
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVED REFRACTORY AND NON-CORRODIBLE
MANUFACTURE
COMPOSITIONS APPLICABLE FOR LINING FURNACES, THE
CERAMIC WARE AND THE LIKE." [A communication from abroad by Jean
Baptiste Mallion Fillon and Carlo Lavelli de Capitani, both of Milan, Italy.]
This Invention relates to the production of refractory basic compositions in
which native or natural carbonate of magnesia (known in France and Italy as
giobertite") is employed, the said compositions being designed for use in the
manufacture of bricks to serve as a lining for furnaces, and for many other
purposes.
Heretofore, although chemists and others have been aware of its refractory
nature, no method of applying natural carbonate of magnesia to the manufacture
of ceramic refractory materials or articles has been known, but according to my
said Invention I am enabled to employ it with great advantage, and in carrying
the said Invention into practice I proceed as follows, that is to say:-
To obtain a product which will resist heat to the extent of 1200 degrees
centigrade, which is the temperature at which cast iron melts, I pulverize natural
carbonate of magnesia, and calcine it at a temperature of more than one thousand
two hundred (1200) degrees centigrade, and allow the said natural carbonate of

page_text: magnesia to cool, and by these means I obtain magnesia freed from its gas. I then
make a mixture as follows in about the given proportions, that is to say, seventy (70)
to eighty (80) per cent. of magnesia, fifteen (15) per cent. of silicate of alumina
or aluminous earth, and four (4) to five (5) per cent. of quick lime.
When I desire to make a product capable of withstanding sulphuric, muriatic, or
similar acid used in commerce I raise the calcination to one thousand five hundred
(1500) degrees centigrade, and compound the product as follows, that is to say:-
To from seventy (70) to eighty (80) per cent. of culcined magnesia I add ten (10)
per cent. of uncalcined magnesia and about ten (10) per cent. of quick lime.
If I desire to manufacture refractory material which is capable of dephosphorizing
cast or other iron or steel by the "Bessemer," "Siemens," "Martin," or other
processes, that is to say, which is to serve for making bricks for lining furnaces or
for forming the hearth or bottom thereof, which bricks aro to assist in liberating
the mineral from the phosphoric substances therein contained, I make use of the
following compound, that is to say :-I take such pieces of natural carbonate of
magnesia as seem to be most pure and pulverize the same, and I calcine the
pulverized magnesia at a temperature of from two to three thousand degrees
centigrade and allow it to cool, and I then make a mixture therewith as follows,
that is to say I take from eighty (80) to ninety five (95) per cent. of calcined
magnesia, and add thereto quick lime. I may however proceed in the same manner
as in manufacturing a composition or material for resisting acids.
These various mixtures I moisten by adding to the same gluten or heavy oils. I
then put the material into suitable moulds and apply the requisite pressure to
form the articles required.
The magnesia or its carbonate being exceedingly refractory, I obtain by submitting
it (either in the process of calcining or by baking it) to a temperaturo higher than
that which it will be required to bear in use, and by subjecting its molecules to
considerable pressure a product far superior to the refractory materials hitherto
known; and as at the present time linings used for metallurgical purposes are
required to withstand the highest temperatures, my Invention will be of great
utility for this as well as for many other purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Harris Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th July 1881.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVED REFRACTORY AND NON-CORRODIBLE
COMPOSITIONS APPLICABLE FOR LINING FURNACES, THE MANUFACTURE OF
CERAMIC WARE, AND THE LIKE." A communication from abroad by Jean
Baptiste Mallion Fillon, and Carlo Lavelli de Capitani, both of Milan, Italy.
This Invention relates to the production of refractory basic and non-corrodible
compositions in which native or natural carbonate of magnesia (known in France
and Italy as "giobertite") is employed, the said compositions being designed for
use in the manufacture of bricks to serve as a lining for furnaces, and for many
other purposes.
This material has hitherto been used for the manufacture of magnesian salts and
of calcined magnesia for medical purposes.
In the manufacture of aërated liquids this carbonate of magnesia has also been
utilized, and furnishes the carbonic acid; but heretofore, although chemists and
others have been aware of its refractory nature, no method of applying this natural
carbonate of magnesia to the manufacture of ceramic refractory materials or articles
has been known. According to my said Invention however I am enabled to employ
it with great advantage, and in carrying the said Invention into practice I proceed
as follows, that is to say :-
To obtain a product which will resist heat to the extent of one thousand two
hundred (1200) degrees centigrade, viz., the temperature at which cast iron melts,
I pulverize natural carbonate of magnesia and calcine it at a temperature of more
than one thousand two hundred (1200) degrees centigrade, and allow the said
natural carbonate of magnesia to cool, and by these means I obtain magnesia freed
from its gas. I then make a mixture as follows, and in about the given proportions,
that is to say-Seventy (70) to eighty (80) per cent. of magnesia, fifteen (15) per
cent. of silicate of alumina or aluminous earth, and four (4) to five (5) per cent. of
quicklime.
When I desire to make a product capable of resisting the action of sulphuric,
muriatic, or nitric acid as used in commerce, I raise the calcination to one thousand
five hundred (1500) degrees centigrade, and compound the product as follows, that
is to say: To from seventy (70) to eighty (80) per cent. of the calcined magnesia.
I add ten (10) per cent. of uncalcined magnesia, and about (10) per cent. of quick-
Jime.
"
If I desire to manufacture refractory material which is capable of dephosphorising
cast or other iron or steel by the "Bessemer," Siemens," "Martio," or other
processes, that is to say, which is to serve for making bricks for lining furnaces,
or for forming the hearth or bottom thereof, which bricks are to assist in freeing
the mineral from the phosphoric substances therein contained, I make use of the
following compound, that is to say :-I take such pieces of the natural carbonate
of magnesia which appear to be most pure and pulverize the same, and I calcine
the pulverized magnesia at a temperature of from two to three thousand degrees
centigrade and allow it to cool. I then make a mixture as follows, that is to say:
I take from eighty (80) to ninety five (95) per cent. of the calcined magnesia and
add thereto quicklime. I may however proceed in the same manner as in manu-
facturing a composition or material for resisting the action of acids.
These various nixtures I moisten by adding to the same gluten or heavy oils.
I then place the material in suitable moulds and apply the requisite pressure to
form the articles required.

page_text: The magnesia or its carbonate boing exceedingly refractory, I obtain by sub-
mitting it (either in the process of calcining, or by baking it) to a temperature
higher than that which it will be required to bear in use, and by subjecting its
molecules to considerable pressure, a product far superior to the refractory materials
hitherto known, and as at the present time linings used for metallurgical purposes
are required to withstand the highest temperatures, my Invention will be of great
utility for this as well as for many other purposes.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I do not confine myself to the relative proportions of the various materials
entering into my improved compositions as above given, nor to the precise method
of manufacture above described, as the same may be varied without departing from
the principle of my Invention; and I claim,-
The manufacture for lining furnaces and for other purposes of the ceramic
refractory basic magnesian compositions, substantially as above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Harris Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-one.
TT TTN