matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID.”
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Robertson Arrott, of Saint Helens, in
the County of Lancaster, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID.”
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Robertson
Arrott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th December 1873.
I, ALEXANDER ROBERTSON ARROTT, of Saint Helens, in the County of
Lancaster, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID," to be as
follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is the obtaining hydrochloric acid from
chloride of calcium, and for this purpose I evaporate the solution of
chloride to dryness, and expose it to a strong red heat in a suitable
furnace, either close or open, with admission of steam. The chloride fuses
at first, but after decomposition has proceeded some time and a certain
amount of lime- is formed, the mixture stiffens and becomes nearly

page_text: infusible, and contains only a very small amount of undecomposed
chloride, the remainder being ressolved into lime and muriatic acid; the
muriatic acid I condense in the ordinary manner.
for use for manufacturing purposes.
The lime is suitable
"
No text detected.

page_text: same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
The object of this Invention is to obtain hydrochloric acid from
chloride of calcium. This I effect by exposing it at a high temperature
to the action of vapour of water, whereby the chloride is resolved into
lime and hydrochloric acid.
The manner in which I proceed is as follows:-I evaporate the
solution of chloride of calcium to dryness, and the chloride I then
introduce into a furnace either open or "blind" (that is, closed and
heated externally), and admit steam into the furnace, the chloride when
raised to a full red heat is readily resolved into hydrochloric acid and
lime.
The furnace I connect with a condensing tower such as is at present
commonly used for the condensation of hydrochloric acid, and the acid
so condensed I use for any desired purpose; I prefer to use a brick
furnace heated on the principle known as a gas furnace, in which case
the
vapour of water will be in great measure derived from the combustion
of the fuel employed, but steam is introduced if necessary.
When a close furnace is used steam must of course be introduced.
When the decomposition is complete I remove the lime from the furnace
and introduce another charge of chloride which I decompose in like
manner.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim the manu-
facture of hydrochloric acid from chloride of calcium, substantially as
herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Robertson Arrott, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of June, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and Coventr
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET METAL BOXES ADAPTED FOR MATCHES, SANDWICHES, SOAP, PENS, AND OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH SUCH BOXES MIGHT BE APPLIED
Year: 1873

page_text: SPROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Browne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
July 1873. A communication from abroad by Eugene Berthoud,
of St. Owen, Paris, in the French Republic.
I, ALEXANDER BROWNE, of the Firm of Browne and Company, Patent
Agents, of 5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET METAL BOXES ADAPTED FOR
MATCHES, SANDWICHES, SOAP, PENS, AND OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH SUCH BOXES
MIGHT BE APPLIED," a communication from abroad by Eugene Berthoud,
of St. Owen, Paris, in the French Republic, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to small boxes made of thin sheet metal, such
as boxes to contain matches or vesuvians, sandwiches, soap, tobacco,
pens, and for other purposes to which such boxes might be applied, and
consists in manufacturing such said boxes in the following manner :-
Having cut the sheet metal to the required size and shape I proceed to
form the sides and bottom by turning or bending up, and then shape the
cover in a similar way, and binge it to the box in the following
manner: The back of the box at its top edge I turn or bend, and cover

page_text: over a piece of wire of the entire length of the box, leaving a portion of
the wire at each end uncovered by the metal that forms the back of the
box, and to these uncovered parts of the said wire I proceed to connect
the lid of the box in the following manner :-I so cut the metal of
which the lid is to be formed as to leave projecting parts on horns at two
ends corresponding to the uncovered parts of the wire over which I
proceed to bend the said horns, and thus form the hinge of the box, and
the front edge of the aforesaid lid I bend or turn downwards in a circular
form throughout its entire length, I also turn or bend similarly the top
edge of the front of the body of the box over which the lid is intended to
shut, and in this manner and by these means I form a spring fastening,
the front of the box moving inwards as the curved edge of the lid is
pressed over the curved edge of the front, and it is this and the manner
before described of making the hinge which constitute the features of
novelty of this Invention.
I would remark that if desirable (as for boxes to contain soap), I
hinge the front of the box to the bottom similar to the lid, as above
described, thus enabling the front to be turned down, and by which I
am enabled to remove the soap with greater facility than from boxes
made in the ordinary way.
IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH ELASTIC WHEEL TIRES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Thomson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th March 1878.
I, ROBERT WILLIAM THOMSON, of Edinburgh, in the County of
Mid Lothian, North Britain, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH ELASTIC WHEEL
TIRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements connected with elastic wheel
tires of the kind described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted
to the present applicant and dated 24th October 1867 (No. 2986).
By the present Invention external metal clips or shoes are employed
to keep the rubber tire in its place, and to prevent it from slipping upon
muddy, greasy, paved, or other slippery surfaces. These clips or shoes
are placed at intervals round the wheel, and by preference at com-
paratively considerable intervals, such for example as with about eight
in the entire circle, so as to admit of the rubber tires coming in contact
with the ground between the clips or shoes. The clips or shoes are
connected to the framing of the wheel by bars or levers jointed to the

page_text: framing, so that the clips or shoes can move in radial or nearly radial
directions, but preventing them from moving circumferentially. With this
mode of attaching the clips or shoes great freedom of action is obtained,
whilst at the same time they can take firm hold of the ground so as to
prevent slipping.
Wheels made with these improvements are applicable for road
steamers or other self-moving carriages, and also for any wheeled
conveyances to be drawn by horses or otherwise.
AN IMPROVED GULLY OR STENCH TRAP FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF NOXIOUS EFFLUVIA OR GASES FROM DRAINS OR SEWERS, AND FOR PREVENTING THE INGRESS OP SOLID MATTERS INTO THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Erskine and William
Samuel Denby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 17th January 1873.
WC, FRANCIS ERSKINE, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, and
WILLIAM SAMUEL DENBY, of Heaton Norris, in the said County,
Ironfounders, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED GULLY OR STENCH TRAP FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF NOXIOUS
EFFLUVIA OR GASES FROM DRAINS OR SEWERS, AND FOR PREVENTING THE INGRESS
OP SOLID MATTERS INTO THE SAME," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a peculiarly constructed chamber or
receiver into which the fluid and solid matters pass through a grid or
grating in the upper part, the solid matters being retained in such
chamber or receiver, whilst the fluid passes through the sides into
an outer casing and thence into the drain or sewer as herein-after
described.
The sewage passing through a grid or grating of the usual construction
enters a chamber or receiver loosely fitting in and resting upon the
bottom of an outer casing; in the sides of the chamber or receiver are

page_text: perforations (preferably perpendicular) to allow the fluid to escape into
the outer casing, the chamber or receiver tapering off from the top towards
the bottom, leaving a clear space all round for the free egress of the
liquids; such perforations do not however extend to the bottom of the
chamber or receiver the object being to leave sufficient space below for
the reception and detention of such solid or other matters as may fall
into the same.
The sides of the chamber or receiver are continued below the level
constructed to receive solid or other matters and finally rest upon the
bottom of the outer casing, spaces being left in the lower part of
the chamber or receiver to permit the escape of fluid flowing from
it.
In the centre of the bottom of the outer casing cast thereto or otherwise
attached, and connected with the drain or sewer is a vertical pipe rising
up somewhat higher than the top part of the spaces before-named in the
base or feet of the chamber or receiver, thus forming a water joint when
the fluid is level with the top of the vertical pipe, thereby entirely
preventing the escape of noxious effluvia or gases from the drain or
sewer, the fluid rising above which point passes through the vertical
pipe direct to the drain or sewer.
As a further means of preventing the escape of noxious effluvia or
gases from the drains or sewers it may in some cases be desirable to
employ a flat or ball valve of light construction which would find a
seating on the top of the vertical pipe when the fluid fell below this
point, thus effecting the required object; the fluid rising higher would
float the valve away from the orifice in the outlet pipe, leaving it free for
the escape of the fluid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF OZONE AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd April 1873.-A communication from abroad by Pierre Isidore
David and Jacques Fichet, both of Paris, in the Republic of
France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF OZONE AND IN THE
APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES," a communication to
me from abroad by Pierre Isidore David and Jacques Fichet, both of
Paris, in the Republic of France, to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to a simple method of preparing ozone and to
the employment of such ozone for the destruction of organic matter,
the bleaching of fibrous and other substances, also paper, either before
or after it has been printed upon; also for giving age to alcoholic
liquors, modifying the quality of oils and fatty matters, and rendering
more salubrious the wards of hospitals and sick rooms.

page_text: In preparing ozone according to this Invention, a closed receptacle
composed of wood and glass is partly filled with sticks of phosphorous
which are about half covered with water at a temperature of about 59°
Fahrenheit. Air is caused to enter the water through a pipe provided
for the purpose, such air becoming oxidized and producing the ozone.
The ozone thus produced is conducted by another pipe to the bottom of
a second closed vessel, also of wood and glass, and containing acetic acid
on the bottom thereof. The upper part of this vessel is provided with a
series of open trays or sieves, upon which are deposited the fibrous sub-
stances, paper, or other materials to be bleached. The ozone on being
caused to traverse the said substances by any suitable exhausting appa-
ratus destroys the organic matter contained therein, and leaves them
perfectly white. One simple form of exhausting apparatus consists of a
closed vessel filled with liquid and connected by a pipe at its upper end
with the bleaching chamber, a cock being provided in the lower part of
the vessel for running off the liquid and thereby drawing in ozone as
fast as the vessel is emptied of its liquid contents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING FOR GLANDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Turner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
March 1873.
I, EDWARD TURNER, of No. 4, Alfred Place, White. House Street,
Bedminster, in the County of Somerset, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING
FOR GLANDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
packing for glands. For this purpose I construct a fabric partly of
wire and partly of flax or other fibrous yarn. I prefer that the wire
should form the warp and the vegetable fibre the weft of the fabric, or
the fabric may be produced by plaiting. I make the fabric in narrow
bands, and cut it off for use in the lengths required. I roll up such
pieces crosswise into rolls of a size to fit the gland, and bend each roll
round into a ring of a size to encircle the rod or piston; the ends of the
ring are fitted with bevelled joints, and one ring is placed over the other
and so as to break joint with it, as is practised when other packings are
employed.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING BRINE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stubbs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
March 1873.
I, CHARLES STUBBS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING BRINE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT,"
to be as follows:-
The object of the said Invention is to provide simple, durable, and
efficient apparatus for heating brine whilst being fed from the supply
reservoir to the evaporating pan or pans, and consists, in having the
supply reservoir on a higher level than the evaporating pan or pans,
and leading therefrom a pipe down through the combustion space above
the firc-bars of the heating furnaces and in front of the flues, and
thence up and into preferably over the edge of the pan or pans to be
supplied with heated brine. To support the said pipe whilst passing
through the furnaces, and afford facility for inspection and repairs, I
hang it on brackets secured to the under surface of the evaporating
pan.

page_text: Two or more pipes may be used.
If sufficient heating effect is not produced on the brine by the above
arrangement the said pipe may be curved and lengthened so as to pass
twice or oftener through the furnaces.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VENETIAN BLINDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Mudio at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May
1878.
I, DAVID MUDIE, residing at Number 10, Dalrymple Crescent,
Edinburgh, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VENETIAN BLINDS," to be as
follows:-
The laths of venetian blinds as now constructed can all be opened or
closed to the same degree at the same time; but they cannot at one and
the same time be open in part, and closed in part. To secure this
desideratum the improvement in construction herein described is confined
to one simple expedient, and in other respects the construction of such
blinds may remain as at present.
The mode of securing the object in view is by dividing the laths which
form the blind into two or more portions, equal or unequal, as may in
each case be thought desirable, and working cach part or division by an
independent tape and shading cord. Thus the upper part or division of
the laths will be wrought by a tape and shading cord attached only to
the upper part or division of the blind, and the operation of this tape and

page_text: cord will be quite independent of the operation of the second tape and
cord which is attached to the lower part or division of the blind, and vice
versa. And so by this simple expedient of two sets of tapes and shading
cords, instead of one as at present used, the light may be admitted
through the upper part or division of laths, and at the same time the
lower part or division be kept closed, thus excluding all observation from
without, and on the other hand by using the cord attached to the lower
part or division of the blind the light may be admitted from the lower
part or division and at the same time the upper part or division be kept
closed.
AN IMPROVED ANTI-CORROSIVE AND PROTECTIVE COMPOSITION
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Potts Scott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
June 1873.
I, HENRY POTTS SCOTT, of South Shields, in the County of Durham,
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED ANTI-CORROSIVE AND PROTECTIVE COMPOSITION," to be as follows:-
"
This Invention consists in the combination of certain substances
whereby an anti-corrosive and' protective composition is formed, and
which is applicable to the coating of metallic surfaces for the purpose of
preserving the same from oxidation. The composition is formed by
mixing together six gallons of coal tar, three gallons of "black varnish,'
two gallons of wood naptha, one gallon of Japan gold size, 'twenty-eight
pounds of red lead, fourteen pounds of the best Portland cement, and
fourteen pounds of arsenic. The before-mentioned substances having
been thoroughly mixed the composition is laid on any desired metallic
surface in the manner well known and understood. It should be
mentioned that the before-mentioned proportions may be slightly varied
without departing from the distinctive nature of this Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MECHANISM OR COMBINATION OF PARTS USED FOR FACILITATING THE RAISING AND LOWERING OF THE FOLDING HEADS OF CARRIAGES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh O'Berne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th April
1878.
I, HUGH O'BERNE, of Granville Street, Dublin, Ireland, Coach Smith,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MECHANISM OR COMBINATION OF PARTS USED FOR FACILITATING THE RAISING
AND LOWERING OF THE FOLDING HEADS OF CARRIAGES," to be as follows:
1.
―
This Invention relates to such description of carriages as have folding
heads, and consists of improvements in the mechanism or combination
of parts used for facilitating the raising or lowering of such heads.
According to this Invention I insert a spiral (or other) spring in a
suitable cavity formed in the head or top pillar. This spring is confined
at its upper end by the top of the cavity in which it is placed, and
presses at its lower end on a movable base, so that by raising such base
the spring will be compressed. This base projects out at the back of the
said head pillar, and is attached by means of a connecting rod to a fixed
point at the back of the standing pillar, and consequently at the back of
the centre on which the head pillar turns. Thus when the latter is

page_text: thrown back in lowering the head of the carriage, the said connecting
rod is turned back with it, and as such connecting rod is attached (as
before stated) at one end to the base plate on which the said spring rests,
and at the other end to a fixed point, such base plate is forced outwards
in order to make room for the connecting rod between it and the centre
on which the head pillar turns. The spring is thus compressed with
great force towards the outer or top end of the head pillar, thereby
producing a tendency in the same to rise, and thus counterbalancing
the weight thereof, and enabling it to be more easily moved up and
down.
For the purpose of raising or lowering the head I employ the following
arrangement and combination of parts:-I connect the top back prop
with the top prop bolt in such a manner that the bolt cannot be turned
without imparting a corresponding motion to the top prop. On the
outer end of the said bolt I fix a small lever, and connect the same by a
rod to the cantrail, so that as the latter is raised in opening the door case
of the carriage, when the head is to be lowered the motion thereof is
imparted to the top prop. bolt, and thence to the top prop, turning it
inwards in the usual manner, and thus allowing the head pillar to be
pushed back. As the curve traversed by the cantrail will not always be
of the same extent as that of the top prop, I provide a suitable slot for
one or each of the pins of the rod connecting the cantrail with the said
lever on the top prop bolt to work in.
t
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARVING FORKS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Smith at the Office
•
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th August 1873.
I, HENRY SMITH, of 29, Henrietta St., Covent Garden, in the
County of Middlesex, Electroplater, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARVING FORKS," to.
follows:-
be as
So far as I am acquainted with them the only or the principal
methods in which guards have hitherto been applied to carving forks
are but two, and consist, the more common one, in the application of an
inside spring, which holds the guard securely in the raised or lowered
position accordingly as the guard may be placed; and the method in
the application of a weighted lever or projection of or from the guard
passing below and depending from the body of the fork, to which it is
hinged, so that when the fork is used or lifted the weight of the lower
part or tail of the lever will cause it to overbalance or hang down, and
in so doing to raise the upper part or guard into the erect position.
°

page_text: • The above applications are here stated in order that the features of the
said improvements, all of which also have reference to the application of
a guard, may be the more distinctly understood.
One of the said improvements consists in constructing carving forks
with a hinged guard having a finger plate or piece projecting from the
back at right angles or nearly so, so that in handling the fork one finger
may be used to press on the said plate or piece, and hold the guard erect.
And sometimes I intend to use an outside or other clip or spring to hold
down the finger plate or piece, or a plate or projection (not being a
finger plate or piece) to be used instead thereof; and sometimes I intend
to use a removeable securing pin instead of or in addition to the clip or
spring. Or instead of the hinge being made upon the body of the fork
proper I also contemplate a belting or clip picce to be applied to the
body (by screwing or otherwise affixing), the belting or hinge piece
being provided with the hinged guard.
!
Also I include in the said improvements the constructing carving
forks with a removeable guard to be applied when desired, the guard
being made to fit as a temporary fixture when desired.
One method by which I accomplish this is by screwing the guard into
the body of the fork, or by passing the tail end of the guard through
the body of the fork, and securing by a thumbscrew or nut the part so
passing through, being preferably flattened, excepting at the screw.
And I also intend substituting sometimes a securing pin or pins, and
sometimes a spring catch to hold the removeable guard in its place for
and instead of the screw fitting or fittings above mentioned.
It is to be understood that the Invention includes the combination as
well as the separate employment of all or some of the several improve-
ments so far as such combination may be found convenient or
desirable.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY Apparatus for CAGE HOISTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Mowbray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1873.
I, JOSEPH MOWBRAY, of Scarbro', in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY
Apparatus for CAGE HOISTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an apparatus arranged in such a manner
that in case of the rope employed for raising and lowering the cage
should break, the cage comes to a standstill in the shaft instead of
dropping to the bottom.
My Invention prevents also what is known as "pulleying." On the
cage I provide two levers in suitable bearings; to the inner end of each
I attach a slide bar or connecting rod which I pass through the top of
the cage to be coupled to the rope. The outer or lower ends are so
arranged as to fit into the racks which are fixed near to the conductors,
and continued from the top to the bottom of the shaft. When the
weight of the cage is on the rope the lower ends of the levers are drawn
inward by the connecting rod or slide bar, and clear of the racks, but

page_text: in case of the rope breaking the ends of the levers immediately shoot
into the racks and thereby stop the cage and prevent its rapid descent to
the bottom of the shaft.
I construct the hooks which connect the cages to the ropes as
follows:-The shape of the hooks is similar to that of hooks of ordinary
construction, but I hinge the lower or bent part to the upper, so that
when required it may be opened or closed. On the upper portion of the
hook is mounted on a pin or stud an arm, one end of which is provided
with a slot into which the point of the hook is passed and secured when
in use.
The outer end is made of such a length as to come in contact
with a beam or shaft fixed to the head gear.
In case the engine man takes the cage too high or loses control over
his engine the outer end of the arm coming in contact with a beam or
other projecting part in the head gear shaft releases thereby the loose
end of the hook, which immediately drops and rids itself of the cage;
then the herein-before described levers immediately shoot into the racks
and thereby stop the cage, which otherwise would have been carried up
too far or over the pulleys.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RULES FOR DRAWING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cluzet and Auguste
Simon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th October 1873.
We, WILLIAM CLUZET and AUGUSTE SIMON, both of Holland Street,
Fitzroy Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RULES FOR DRAWING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a new and improved rule by means of which
parallel, straight, curved, or other lines can be traced equidistant from
each other, and the distance between them regulated without the aid of
a compass or other means now generally employed for that purpose.
The following is an example of the manner of constructing the
improved rule:-We take an ordinary flat rule of wood, metal, or other
suitable material, and having cut out in the centre of it a slot parallel to
the edge of the rule we insert and fix in the said slot a roller or
cylinder working freely therein, and projecting a little on each side of
the surfaces of the rule; this roller is the guide by means of which we
give a parallel motion to the rule by sliding it on the paper. To
regulate this parallel motion we fix crosswise of the roller one or more
plates projecting over each side of it.

page_text: It is evident that when the rule is slidden on a flat surface the motion
will be stopped every time the plates come in contact with the rule.
Thus a series of slides and stoppages will be obtained which will be equi-
distant and parallel to each other.
We place a regulating screw at one extremity of the aforesaid plate or
plates to enable us to regulate the motion of the roller, and thus obtain
lines more or less distant and parallel to each other.
When a series of curved lines are to be traced parallel to each other
we fix by any suitable means along the straight edge of the rule a thin
metallic plate, the edge of which is cut to suit the shape of the lines
which it is intended to trace. After having made a line it is necessary'
while keeping the rule firmly down to depress the front of the aforesaid
plate or plates with the adjusting screw in it, so that the aforesaid roller
may be allowed to turn round when the rule is moved to rule a fresh
line.
In order to make our improved rule suitable for describing circles or
parts of circles we make a hole at one end of the said rule, and into
the said hole we insert loosely a drawing pin, for example by fastening a
pen or pencil to any part of the front of the said rule by means of a clip
fastener we are enabled to describe a circle.
NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO CARRIAGES, CARTS, AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND TO PLOUGHS AND OTHER AGRI- CULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND THE LIKE FOR EFFECTING THE LOCOMOTION OF THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henrietta West at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 7th
⚫August 1878.
I, HENRIETTA WEST, of Bray, in the County of Wicklow, Ireland,
daughter of the late John Beatty West, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO
CARRIAGES, CARTS, AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND TO PLOUGHS AND OTHER AGRI-
CULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND THE LIKE FOR EFFECTING THE LOCOMOTION OF THE
SAME," to be as follows:—
.
The first part of this Invention consists in affixing ten (or more)
levers to an axletree between two wheels. These levers are so affixed
as to turn or rotate along with the wheels and axletree, and at the same
time. To this part of my Invention the carriages are attached, and the
levers being the instruments used for locomotion, I shall call the same
the "horse" in order to distinguish it from other parts of the apparatus.
When it is adapted for effecting the locomotion of carriages and the like
it has another axletree and two wheels, and the two axletrees are
attached one to the other by means of shafts or rods with loops, and
these rods are raised above the axletrees.

page_text: The second part of my said Invention consists in the means whereby
the weight of the carriage and its occupants is made to fall upon the
"horse" instead of being drawn after it, an arrangement which makes a
vast difference in the amount of power required to move the levers. In
order to throw the weight upon the wheels the carriage is fastened to
the two rods which connect the wheels, and these rods are constructed to
rise perpendicularly above the axletrees, causing the weight of the
carriage to bear upon instead of being drawn after the wheels (as in the
case of a man on horseback) by means of the rods.
The carriage hangs in front of the levers. The drivers sit back to
back. The driver of the "horse" raises the levers by means of a rod, or
with his hands. The other driver faces the hind wheels and guides them
by means of reins attached to the wheels or axletree.
That part of my Invention which I have called the "horse" can be
used for working a plough without animal power by attaching the plough
to the axletree by loops of iron and steel. The said plough is placed in
front of the levers, and the ploughman stands behind and raises the
levers (which should be of large size), and thus by their power drives the
plough before them through the earth.
I may adapt the whole or any part of these appliances or apparatus to
any cart, carriage, or implement to be used in transit or conveyance, or
for farming purposes or otherwise, and whether worked on tramways
or common roads or asphalte pavements, and whether worked by steam
or by manual or animal power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELL-TALES AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR.
Year: 1873

page_text: ** ..
LETTERS PATENT to James Anthony Emslie, Gentleman, and James
Thomas Emslie, Engineer, both of Abergele, in the County of
Denbigh, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELL-TALES AND IN
MACHINERY THEREFOR.
Sealed the 9th September 1873, and dated the 3rd July 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Anthony Emslie
and James Thomas Emslie at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 3rd Julý 1873.
We, JAMES ANTHONY EMSLIE; Gentleman, and JAMES THOMAS
EMSLIE, Engineer, both of Abergele, in the County of Denbigh, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TELL-TALES AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR," to be as follows
The improvements consist in registering and indicating the number of
users of tell-tales by means of apparatus capable of perforating and

page_text: cutting, either or both, a band or bands of paper or other convenient
material, and in the use of such band or bands for the purposes of such
numerical registration. Also in the use of an improved moveable step
or platform that may be used in combination with the foregoing
improvements or with ordinary tell-tales at present in use.
The improvements may be performed by mounting endless paper on
suitable rolls, one or more being for storing and holding the paper, the
others for receiving it after perforation or cutting; these rollers may
have a suitable clock motion actuated by means of any convenient levers
attached to a bar or gate, as and when used with ordinary tell-tales, or to
levers working in conjunction with the improved steps after described.
Between the store and receiving rollers à perforater or pricker and
cutter is placed for perforating and cutting the paper bands, said
perforater and, cutter being actuated by convenient levers in connection
with the aforesaid ordinary tell-tales or improved steps.
The improved steps may be made of any convenient size and shape
but sufficiently narrow on the tread to prevent two people standing or
passing thereon at the same time, also sloped sides may be used to
protect ladies' dresses without crushing them; the tread is moveable and
has a certain amount of play, a weight is furnished at one end and the
tread of the step moves and works on a pivot or centre fixed conveniently
near the riser; one or more such steps may be used.
The action is as follows:-A person puts his foot on a step and by so
doing he depresses it so that a lever in connection therewith puts the
clockwork paper rolls in action, and at the same time also causes
the perforater or cutter to act; directly the foot leaves the steps it rises
and the paper and perforater is arrested; the step is kept in its position
by means of a counterpoise or a spring, and after recovery is ready for
another foot, and so on. When an ordinary tell-tale bar or gate is
used the act of opening or moving such bar or gate is made to
cause the paper rollers and perforater to work as before described.
°
د
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS AND APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS FROM SINKING, ALSO FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS, AND SAVing Persons FROM DROWNING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macintosh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
April 1873.
:
I, JOHN MACINTOSH, of Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS AND APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING SHIPS AND OTHER
VESSELS FROM SINKING, ALSO FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS, AND SAVing Persons
FROM DROWNING," to be as follows:-
The object of this contrivance is to prevent the sinking of ships that
would otherwise founder from injury to the bottom or choking of the
pumps, and is effected by the perfect exclusion of air from the decks,
and all the openings above the line of floatation, upon the principle of
the diving bell.
-
To accomplish this the decks must first be made permanently air-
tight, and arrangements completed for rapidly closing every opening
into the vessel's hold. This can be done by affixing prepared cloth to
the usual coverings of every in!ct, so that the overlapping cloth will be

page_text: forced against every joint when the pressure of air from below will
effectually close each aperture.
Similar arrangements are applicable for raising sunken ships by
employing divers to render the upper works air-tight, when by forcing
sufficient air into the hold to displace the requisite quantity of water, {
the vessel must rise to the surface.
To render this contrivance available for steam vessels it is essential
that the engine room should be capable of being insulated from the
hold by air-proof arrangements, as before described, and when this
donc the outlet of air, &c. through the funnel may continue without
prejudice. In like manner the entrance to the cabins and forecastle
may be left as there would be no risk of the vessel being submerged.
The second part of the Invention concerns the certain arrangements
for preventing boats that have been swamped from sinking altogether.
This is done by placing buoyant cylinders inside the boat along the 1
gunwales, these cylinders are secured by landyards to the thwart sides,
which causes them to rise to the surface on the boat becoming sub-
merged, and retain it at such a distance as effectually to preserve the
occupants from drowning.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A BLAST OR FORCING AIR, AND WHICH APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE TO THE VENTILATION OF MINES, BUILDINGS, DRAINS, SHIPS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clement Pettifer at the Office of
the Commissioners for Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
February 1873.
I, CLEMENT PETTIFER, of New Wortley, near Leeds, in the County
of York, Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A BLAST OR
FORCING AIR, AND WHICH APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE TO THE VENTILATION OF
MINES, BUILDINGS, DRAINS, SHIPS, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows,
that is to say:
My Invention relates to employing water under pressure for producing
a blast or forcing air. Water under pressure is caused to pass through
a main pipe to which is attached a tap, and passes through a rose, the
bottom of which is made with small holes; the water passing through
these holes is cut or divided by means of wires fixed under the bottom
of the rose and underneath the holes, producing a great surface of water
to the air; this rose is fitted in a cylinder the top of which is made with
nir holes. The bottom of the rose is fixed in the centre or near the
centre of the air holes, a suitable space being left between the rose and
the cylinder; atmospheric air coming through these air holes and space

page_text: strikes amongst the water (which is cut or divided by the wires) and
is mixed and forced by the pressure of the water through an air pipe,
the end of which is made of a funnel shape. The water and mixed air
strike on an incline formed in the cylinder, the current of air produced
passes through the air pipe, and the water escapes through openings
made in the bottom of the cylinder or at the opening of the air pipo into
a discharge pipe. I thus produce a blast or current of forced air which
may be used for the ventilation of mines, buildings, drains, ships, or
other purposes.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY OR MECHANISM FOR SHARPENING MASONS' AND ENGINEERS' CUTTING TOOLS OR CHISELS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter McIntyre at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1873.
I, PETER M'INTYRE, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY OR MECHANISM FOR SHARPENING MASONS'
AND ENGINEERS' CUTTING TOOLS OR CHISELS," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
$6
This said Invention has for its object the drawing and thinning or
sharpening of the hand tools or chisels used by masons and engineers,
and other workers in metal (known by the names of masons" "tools," or
‘irons,” and cold chisels) while red hot and malleable by an arrangement
of rollers and shearing or clipping mechanism, susceptible of several
modifications, yet substantially one Invention, the adoption of which will
save much labour and time compared with the modes and means here-
tofore employed for sharpening these tools.
The nature and novelty of this Invention consists in inserting the

page_text: rollers running towards cach other and the entering chisel, so that as
two eccentric or cam-shaped parts come round simultaneously at the
same rolling speed they roll or squeeze the hot point of the chisel to tho
flat angle or curve and thinness or sharpness desired, and throw it back
out of the roller while yet hot, when it is caught by the attendant and
the point put in between the cutting shears of a clipping machine,
which cuts off sufficient to square the cutting edge smooth and sharp, or
serrated regularly with points or teeth for what is known as the
"American" rough pointing or sharpening, the working knife of which
cutters may be reciprocated and worked from an eccentric on one of the
roller shafts or a separate shaft driven by it for the purpose. These steel
rollers by one arrangement would roll on each other steadily on their
truly turned edges and be mounted on suitable bearing bushes, sliding in
two strong slotted side standards or frames secured to a suitable bed
plate, all as a portable machine, with a top stay or bracket between the
frames surmounted by a screw spindle in each for screwing down the
upper bushes and rollers, working through strong nuts in the crown and
actuated by two pinions on top and a central pinion gearing into them
worked by a large hand wheel on the spindle of the central wheel. This
machine might also be constructed and worked with three rollers, and
thus be made a double machine to sharpen tools on both sides between
the two outside rollers and the central one, all the rollers being geared
together by toothed wheels on their spindles, any one of which might be
made the driving shaft and actuated by a crank handle and fly wheel, or
by motive power, as preferred. A shifting or setting guide or bar for the
points of the tools to rest against is arranged on the opposite side from
.which, and to regulate the distance, they are to be inserted through or
between the rollers, and the length of the angled and sharp thin parts at
their points.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES AND IN THE METHOD OF MANU- FACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Bacon at the Office
-
P
° of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
July 1873.
I, EDWARD BACON (junior), of 7, Somerleyton Road, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, "Gentleman," do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES AND IN THE METHOD OF MANU-
FACTURING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to an improvement in glass and other bottles,
especially for those intended for storing port and other wines, liquors,
and liquids, which deposit a crust or sediment.
Hitherto most bottles have been formed having a smooth, or com-
paratively smooth surface in the interior. After wines and liquids have
been in bottle, on the position of the bottle being changed or moved the
crust and sediment from the sides and bottom thereof rises and falls, so
clouds the wine and liquids. This I remedy by the following means:—
Instead of a smooth interior I shall roughen the same by causing fine
sand or other granulous substance to be blown into the bottle whilst in
the act of blowing it in the mould. To the usual blow pipe, about

page_text: 6 inches from the mouth piece, I insert a tap; on the other end of the
tap (the best tap to use would be a connecting tap) I fix a tin or other
metal box, in which I place fine sand or other substance; by turning the
tap the sand would fall lightly into and down the interior of the blow
pipe, and adhere to the sides of the bottle whilst being blown into its
shape.
Another way would be to roughen the bottle after it has been made
by having a box containing sand or other substance; at one end of the
box a piece of flexible india-rubber tubing must be inserted; the other.
end of the said tubing to be inserted into the neck of the bottle; I
then attach to the box a powerful air blast which forces the sand through
the tubing, so strikes against the interior of the bottle with great force
so as to cut a rough surface, to which the crust and sediment would
adhere to, whilst the position of the bottle being changed and also when
the liquid being poured out from the bottle.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ROASTING JACK AND BASTER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1873.
-
I, ROBERT WALKER, of 4, Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street,
in the City of Westminster, and County of Middlesex, Contractor, Agent,
and Inventor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED ROASTING JACK AND BASTER," to be as follows:-
I intend constructing and employing in combination for the purposes
of the Invention a works chamber and a distinct or separate grease
chamber, from the latter of which the grease or basting material
employed is to be allowed to trickle or drop (through orifices in or tubes
at the bottom thereof) over the meat supported by the spit or suspender
which is turned or worked by the machinery or "clockwork" contained
in the former.
Either or both chambers is to consist of one or of more compartments
and the combination referred to is not to exclude the adaptation of
removable parts as distinguished from a permanently fixed combination

page_text: It will be convenient to construct the apparatus generally of metal,
the grease chamber or its compartments being preferably of enamelled
metal or constructed of earthenware especially when removeable.
The construction will admit of or facilitate the conversion of an
ordinary "bottle jack" but any approved general construction is to be
adopted.
The grease chamber to be placed above, below, or at the side of the
works chamber, one or more feeding openings being provided at the top
if desired with funnel-shaped mouths for pressing in solid or pouring in
liquid grease (and with or without lids or covers), and one or more 1
emptying taps or plugged openings being provided at or near the bottom
for use when the roasting is finished.
In some cases a revolving or sliding plate or plates with perforations
or openings therein will be useful to adjust or regulate by hand the rate
of flow or dropping of the greases.
It is considered that the heat of the fire will keep the grease in a
sufficiently. liquid.condition....
1