IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BELL-WORK FITTINGS
Year: 1885

page_text: I RICHARD GEORGE EVERED of N° 52 Harborne Road Edgbaston in the County
of Warwick Brassfounder do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BELL-WORK FITTINGS" to be as
follows:-
My invention has reference to the bell work fittings called Pillar cranks Leader
cranks Mortice cranks Driving cranks and wheel and chain plates and my said
invention consists in manufacturing the said fittings from sheet brass or other hard
and ductile metal or alloy in the manner hereinafter described.
In making the cranks technically called the "flys" of the said fittings I cut them
from sheet brass by means of cutting tools worked in a stamp or press and I make
the hollow or tubular axis on which the crank or fly works in the following manner
At the part at which the crank or fly is suspended I cut a circular hole and fit into
the said hole a short tube the said tube projecting on each side of the crank. On
the projecting ends of this short tube I place rings or pummels and by a burnishing
or eyeletting operation or by press tools the ends of the tube are turned over the
edges of the rings or pummels. The said tube is thereby fixed to the crank or fly
and the hollow axis of the crank or fly produced. Or the pummels or rings may
be connected to the short tube by brazing. In order to convert the sheet metal
crank or fly so made into a driving crank it is provided with a spike by which the
crank is connected to the wall or other surface.
In making the pillars of pillar cranks according to my invention I proceed as
follows I cut out at a press or stamp a T shaped blank and I fold or double upon
itself that part of the body of the blank which joins the cross head. By this
folding or doubling of the blank the body part is raised at right angles to the cross
head which cross head now forms the foot or fixing plate of the pillar the bent or
doubled part described forming an extension of the said foot situated in the same
plane. The upper end of the upright or vertical part of the pillar is now doubled
twice that is it is first bent at right angles to the upright and afterwards bent
downwards parallel to the upright. Or the bending of the end of the vertical part
of the pillar may be effected before the body part of the blank is raised at right
angles to the cross head part of the blank. The pillar thus made has the ordinary
form and is ready for the fly or crank to be fitted to it.

page_text: In making a sheet metal pillar for a leader crank that is a crank working
horizontally instead of vertically as in a pillar crank I use a shorter T shaped
blank than that used for a pillar crank and the end of the body of the short
T shaped blank is bent parallel with the cross head or foot part instead of at right
angles thereto.
.
In making mortice crank pillars a perforated cruciform blank is taken having
narrow cross arms. The ends of the cross arms where they join the body of the
blank are bent or doubled upon the blank so as to bring the said cross arnis at
right angles to the body of the blank and parallel to and at a short distance from
one another. Between these parallel arms or uprights the crank or fly works in
the ordinary way.
1
In making a wheel and chain plate I proceed as last described excepting that the
narrow cross arms of the blank are shorter.
My improvements are applicable to the manufacture of all kinds of mortice
crank pillars and wheel and chain plates.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Bell-work Fittings.
I RICHARD GEORGE EVERED of N° 52 Harborne Road, Edgbaston in the County
of Warwick, Brassfounder do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BELL-WORK FITTINGS" and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention has reference to the bell-work fittings called Pillar cranks, Leader
cranks, Mortice cranks, Driving cranks and wheel and chain plates; and my said
invention consists in manufacturing the said fittings from sheet brass or other hard
and ductile metal or alloy in the manner hereinafter described.
In making the cranks technically called the "flys" of the said fittings I cut them
from sheet brass by means of cutting tools worked in a stamp or press and I make
the hollow or tubular axis on which the crank or fly works in the following
manner. At the part at which the crank or fly is suspended I cut a circular hole
and fit into the said hofe a short tube the said tube projecting on each side of the
crank. On the projecting ends of this short tube I place rings or pummels and by
a burnishing or eyeletting operation, or by press tools, the ends of the tube are
turned upon the edges of the rings or pummels. The said tube is thereby fixed to
the crank or fly and the hollow axis of the crank or fly produced. Or the pummels
or rings may be connected to the crank or fly by brazing In order to convert the
sheet metal crank or fly so made into a driving crank it is provided with a spike
by which the crank is connected to the wall or other surface. In making the
pillars of pillar cranks according to my invention I proceed as follows. I cut out
at a press or stamp a T shaped blank and the upper end of the upright or vertical
part of the blank is doubled twice, that is, it is first bent at right angles to the
upright and afterwards bent downwards parallel to the upright. I then fold or
double upon itself that part of the body of the blank which joins the cross head.
By this folding or doubling of the blank the body part is raised at right angles to
the cross head which cross head now forms the foot or fixing plate of the pillar the
bent or doubled part described forming an extension of the said foot situated in the
same plane. The pillar thus made has the ordinary form and is ready for the fly
or crank to be fitted to it.
In making a sheet metal pillar for a leader crank, that is, a crank working
horizontally instead of vertically as in the pillar crank, I use a shorter T shaped
blank than that used for a pillar crank and the end of the body of the short
T shaped blank is bent parallel with the cross head or foot part instead of at right
angles thereto.
In making mortice crank pillars or plates, a perforated cruciform blank is taken
having narrow cross arms. The ends of the cross arms where they join the body
of the blank are bent or doubled upon the blank so as to bring the said cross arms
at right angles to the body of the blank and parallel to and at a short distance from

page_text: one another. Between these parallel arms or uprights the crank or by works in
the ordinary way.
In making a wheel and chain plate I proceed as last described excepting that the
narrow cross arms of the blank are shorter.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
In making a sheet metal crank or fly, I cut out from sheet brass a blank of the
kind represented in Figure 1 and afterwards perforate the middle of the blank and
also pierce holes a, b, c in the ends or arms of the blank as represented in Figure 2.
I next countersink the holes a, b and form the bollow axis of the crank or fly in
the manner represented in side elevation and section in Figure 3. In the larger
circular hole c in the sheet metal crank or fly d I fit the tube e (shown separately
in Figure 4) the said tube e being of such a length that its ends project on each
side of the crank as seen in the section of Figure 3. I fix the tube e in its place
in the hole c by placing on its projecting ends the rings or pummels f, f (shown
separately in Figures 5 and 6) and by a burnishing or eyeletting operation or by
press tools the ends of the tube c are expanded in the rings or pummels f, fas
represented in the section of Figure 3. In this way the tube e is fixed to the crank
or fly d and the hollow axis of the crank or fly produced.
Instead of fixing the tube e to the fly d by expanding the ends of the said tube
in the rings or pummels ff as described, the said pummels may be brazed to the
projecting ends of the tube e or to the sides of the fly or crank d. Figure 7
represents the fly or crank fitted to the crank pillar for use the joint pin g on which
the crank turns being passed through the pillar and through the hollow axis e of
the crank in the ordinary way.
I convert the crank Figure 3 into a driving crank by providing it with a spike
secured to the hollow axis e by which spike the crank is fixed to the wall or other
surface.
I will now describe my method of making sheet metal pillars for pillar cranks.
I cut out from sheet brass a blank of the kind represented in Figure 8. The end
of the body part h of this T shaped blank is next pierced at h² and the ends of the
cross head are also pierced at is, as represented in Figure 9. From the body
part of the blank the vertical part of the pillar is formed and from the cross
head i and a portion of the body h the foot of the pillar is formed. This is effected
by first doubling the upper end of the body or upright part of the blank twice as
that
represented in front elevation in Figure 10 and side elevation in Figure 11;
is, the end of the body h is first bent at right angles to the other part and balf of
the bent part is afterwards bent downwards parallel to the body or upright. The
body or upright part his next doubled or folded upon itself at the dotted line k,
Figures 10 and 11, so as to bring the said body hat right angles to the cross head i
as represented in front elevation in Figure 12; side elevation in Figure 13 and
plan in Figure 14. The horizontal part h³ of the body h is next folded or doubled
upon itself so as to bring the cross head i under the cranked top of the upright h
as represented in front elevation in Figure 15; side elevation in Figure 16 and
plan in Figure 17. The upper part of the fold at h² is next closed upon the lower
part as represented in Figure 18. By the folding or doubling and closing operations
Inst described, the body or upright part h is brought at right angles to the cross
head which cross head now forms the foot or fixing plate of the pillar, the bent
or doubled part h² of the upright forming an extension of the said foot situated in
the same plane.
A crank pillar made as described is represented in Figure 7 with a sheet metal
crank or fly d fitted to it.
Instead of effecting the bending of the part h³ at two operations it may be
effected at one operation.
In making a sheet metal leader crank pillar, I cut out from sheet brass the
Tshaped blank represented in Figures 19 and 20 and afterwards pierce it as

page_text: represented in Figure 21. The holes in the blank are next countersunk and the
end of the body h of the blank is bent twice so as to bring the bent end parallel
with the unbent part of the body, that is, the end of the body h is first bent in the
manner represented in Figures 22 and 23 and afterwards in the manner represented
in Figures 24 and 25. The cranked or bent part is marked the body h is next
bent or folded upon itself so as to bring the bent end h³ over or opposite the foot
or fixing plate i. This is effected by first folding or doubling the part h in the
manner represented in Figures 26 and 27 and afterwards closing the folded parts
upon one another as represented in Figure 28. The doubled or folded part of the
body his marked * in Figures 26, 27 and 28. Or the folding or doubling of the
part may be effected at one operation. The leader crank pillar is now complete
excepting that a countersunk hole is made in the doubled part h*, the said part h*
constituting a portion of the foot or fixing plate i by which the leader crank pillar
is fixed in its place as represented in Figure 29, where a leader crank pillar made
according to my invention is represented in conjunction with a sheet metal crank
or fly d having a motion parallel to the fixing plate or foot..
In making a sheet metal mortice crank pillar or plate according to my invention,
I cut out from sheet brass the cruciform shaped blank represented in Figure 30
and afterwards pierce the said blank along the middle at Z and also pierce the ends
of the body m and narrow cross arms n, nas represented in Figure 31. From the
body m of the blank the fixing plate is made and from the arms n, n the uprights
for the crank or fly are made. The holes at the ends of the boly m are next
countersunk and the narrow cross arms n, n are bent parallel to one another and
at right angles to the body m as represented in front and side elevation in
Figure 32. The greater part of the arms n, n are next bent down parallel to the
body m leaving the ends n², n2 of the arms, where they join the body m, unoperated
upon as represented in front and side elevation in Figure 33 and end elevation in
Figure 34. The bent inner ends n³ of the arms are next partly doubled or
folded inwards upon the body m as represented in front elevation and side
elevation in Figure 35 and end elevation in Figure 36 and the bent parts n are
finally folded flat upon the body m as represented in front elevation and side
elevation in Figure 37 and end elevation in Figure 38. By the successive bending
operations described, the parts n², n³ of the arms n, n are made to partly cross
the body or fixing plate m, the arms n, n being brought parallel to and at a short
distance from one another. Between the parallel arms or uprights n, n of the
pillar or plate the crank or fly works in the ordinary way.
I make a wheel and chain plate in the manner heroinbefore described and
represented in Figures 30 to 38 with reference to a mortice crank pillar or plate,
excepting that a blank having shorter arms than that represented is used.
My improvements are applicable to all kinds of mortice crank pillars or plates
and wheel and chain plates.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that
I claim as my invention of "Improvements in the manufacture of bell-work
fittings
"
First. Making the cranks or flys of the said bell-work fittings from sheet
brass or other hard and ductile.metal or alloy and forming the hollow or tubular
axes of the said cranks or flys by the process or combination of processes herein
before described and illustrated in Figures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 and 6 of the accompanying
Drawings; also converting the sheet metal cranks or flys so made into driving
cranks or flys as hereinbefore described.
Secondly. Making the pillars of pillar cranks froin sheet brass or other hard
and ductile metal or alloy by the process or combination of processes substantially
as herein before described and illustrated in Figures 8 to 18, both inclusive, of the
accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Thirdly. Making the pillars of leader cranks from sheet brass or other hard and
ductile metal or alloy by the process or combination of processes substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 19 to 29, both inclusive, of the
accompanying Drawings.
Lastly. Making mortice crank pillars or plates and wheel and chain plates from
sheet brass or other hard and ductile metal or alloy by the process or combination
of processes substantially as herein before described and illustrated in Figures 30
to 38, both inclusive, of the accompanying Drawings.