matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- IN APPARATUS FOR DRIVING AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Langran at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th August
1862.
I, JAMES LANGRAN, of Kimbolton, in the County of Huntingdon, Mill-
wright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
IN APPARATUS FOR DRIVING AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of improved apparatus applicable to the purpose of
driving machinery used in agricultural operations, such as thrashing, chaff-
cutting, and other machines, several of such machines being driven at the
same time by one apparatus.
I propose to construct a strong framework, and to arrange in the centre of
the same in suitable bearings a vertical shaft, the lower extremity of which is
furnished with a large horizontal cogged wheel, into and underneath which a
small bevil toothed wheel gears, being attached to a horizontal shaft working
in bearings in the frame, and passing through the sides thereof to some
<listance, in order that it may be worked by a horse travelling in a circle, and
turning by means of the ordinary machinery, a shaft and cogged wheel gearing
into a corresponding wheel on the outer extremity of the horizontal shaft.
The vertical shaft in the apparatus is furnished at its upper end with a hori-
zontal bevil toothed wheel, into which four or more vertical bevil toothed
pinions gear and operate horizontal driving shafts passing through bearings set

page_text: in standards of the framing, the ends of these shafts having driving pullies
keyed thereon, from which straps or bands may communicate motion to
agricultural machines arranged in contiguity to the apparatus. A casing may
be constructed on the framework so as to enclose the apparatus and protect it
from the weather, leaving only the driving pullies exposed. By this apparatus
it is evident that many machines may be driven at one time, if desired,
according to the number of driving pullies operated by the horizontal toothed
bevil wheel.
In some cases I propose to make the upper portion of the apparatus con-
taining the bearings of the shafts of the driving pullics separately from the
Jower portion, and to allow it to be turned thercon by means of a turntable, in
order that the driving pullies may be brought into position to drive machinery
without shifting the entire apparatus.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, AND IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Malam at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April
1862.
I, WILLIAM MALAM, of Skinner Street, in the City of London, Gas
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, AND IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE
EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
Heretofore in charging retorts for the manufacture of gas the retort has
been opened and filled with coal, the whole mass or body of which is thus
acted on simultaneously, and much of the heat is consequently wasted, and
all the coal does not yield its gas, whereas, according to my Invention, I charge.
the retort without opening it, supplying it with coal or material in small
quantities at a time gradually, and if desired continuously, and at a rate that
may be regulated as required, so that the heat is maintained and concentrated
in the retort, and is not uselessly absorbed, but expends its full working force
on small quantities at a time, and the whole of the charge has its gas extracted
from it. I generally feed the retort at or about the centre or from end to
end. In the apparatus that I prefer to employ (though others may be used),
a hopper is fitted to the retort with which it communicates by a passage
leading thereto, and a feed or compartment wheel is placed between the hopper
and retort. This wheel consists of a number of compartments or cells, set
round an axis; the section of the mouth of each cell is larger than the section
of the feed opening or bottom opening of the hopper, so that as the wheel

page_text: revolves each cell fills with coal which it carries down with it and discharges
into the retort. Or instead of the wheel one or more crushing or fluted rollers
may be used, which reduce or pulverize the coal and discharge it into the
retort. When two such rollers are used, they may be in gear, or slide plates
may be used instead of wheels or rollers. The coal may be deflected or guided
by guide plates which may be adjusted to extend or contract the feed opening.
The velocity of the wheels, rollers, or plates may be regulated as desired. I
sometimes form the bottom of the retort convex, of a hemispherical form or
nearly so, or it may be conical or other curves or convexities may be adopted.
I sometimes set the retorts in the furnace in fire-clay or other refractory
casings made in pieces, preferring to form such casing of a series of arches
bevelled at their edges where they meet, each arch consisting of separate
halves fitting together at top by step joint, step fitting, or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM RAMS FOR NAVAL PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Beardmore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1862.
I, WILLIAM BEARDMORE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM RAMS FOR NAVAL PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of steam rams
used for defending ports, harbours, coasts, and other generally similar naval
purposes.
Under one modification or arrangement the steam ram consists of
an iron-plated vessel which is actuated by steam power in the ordinary
way. This vessel has fitted in it one or more steam rams which may
be arranged at the bow or stern or along the sides in manner similar
to the heavy guns of a floating battery. Each of these rams are arranged
in the form of a powerful horizontal rod which forms a long sharp pointed
ram for perforating the sides of any enemy's ship or floating battery. These
rods are intended to be made very heavy and to be driven outwards by one
or more engines, a sufficient amount of velocity or impetus being given to.
them either by means of large fly wheels, by gearing, or any other convenient
With these rams vessels constructed with shot-proof sides may
run close alongside an enemy's ship or floating battery, and by means of the

page_text: powerful horizontal rods forced against the sides quickly shatter the armour
plates or sides of the opposing vessel to pieces and sink her. These steam
rams may be armed with heavy guns if required, but the essential feature
of this Invention is the provision of means for sinking or disabling iron-plated
floating batteries in a rapid and efficient manner, and which cannot be accom-
plished at present by means of shot although fired from the heaviest guns
now in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES, AND IN THE HAMMER RAILS OF PIANOFORTES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hopkinson at the Office
- of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st May
1862.
I, JOHN HOPKINSON, Pianoforte Manufacturer, 235, Regent St., London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PIANOFORTES, AND IN THE HAMMER RAILS OF PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a method of applying stoppers of vulcanized
india-rubber, cork, or other elastic substances, aided by springs or other
contrivances, & made to press upon certain parts or equal divisions of the
strings of pianofortes, so as to divide the vibrations, & to produce sounds
called "harmonics," which differ from the original notes or sounds of the
strings.
A new hammer rail for vertical or upright pianofortes, by which the butt
hinges are brought much nearer to the strings, and a quicker and more
certain return of the hammers after having struck the strings is obtained,
and which remedies a defect in the mechanism of these pianos, & compen-
sates for the difference between them, and the grand or horizontal piano-
fortes. (The important point is the position of the hammer butts in reference
to the strings.)
Fig. 1, 2, is a section of
springs and stoppers are
The Drawing A, A, shews the harmonic action.
the frame made of iron & wood, to which the
fixed; Fig. 3 a stopper pressing upon a string at a point where- the

page_text: harmonic sound is produced; Fig. 4 the point of vulcanized indian-rubber
resting on the string; Fig. 5 the stopper guide, bushed with cloth to prevent
noise; Fig. 6 the spring, which regulates the pressure on the string; Fig. 7,
the string at rest; Fig. 8 shews the vibrations of the string on each side of
the stopper (3) after the hammer has struck the string, and thus producing an
octave "harmonic" sound.
The Drawing B, B, shows the new hammer rail in connection with the
action in all its parts. Fig. 1, the new form of the wood portion of the rail;
Fig. 2, the brasses to which the butts are attached, bringing them so near the
strings, that when the hammer (4*) reaches the string, it is no longer in a
vertical position, and readily falls from the string; Fig. 5 shews a new check,
to assist in bringing the hammer to a state of rest; Fig. 6, the sticker con-
nected with the hammer.
The Drawing C, C, shews the position of the hammer with the old form of
rail on reaching the string, in which position its tendency is to stop too near
the string, and to vibrate against it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lockwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th October
1862.
I, JOHN LOCKWOOD, of Batley, in the County of York, Rag Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOILERS," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in placing fire clay or metal of cylindrical
or other suitable form behind the bridge in the flues of Cornish or other
boilers, which reduce the area so as to cause the flames to cireulate or pass
on all sides thereof, and impinge more keenly on the heating surfaces, whereby
steam will be generated more rapidly, and fuel economized, and the great
heat imparted to the fire clay or metal will ignite the combustible gases as
they pass from the furnace, and thereby prevent or consume the smoke.
Such apparatus, being made hollow with suitable arrangements, may also be
employed for the generation of illuminating gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES OF FURNITURE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Galletti and Franco Stefano
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 5th December 1862.
We, CHARLES GALLETI and FRANCO STEFANO, both of Charles Street,
Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex, Cabinet Makers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES OF FURNITURE,"
to be as follows:-
"
Our Invention relates to a combination of parts whereby we are enabled to
make either a table (dining table, by preference) or a whatnot at pleasure.
The several stages or trays of the whatnot correspond with the leaves or
flaps that form the table, and which may be two, three, or more in number,
according to the size of the table required. The one end of the dining table
is supported on two feet, somewhat like the feet of an occasional table, which
feet form the sole support when converted into a whatnot. In this end of the
table we place a drawer, which, when used as a whatnot, forms the lower shelf
with drawer therein. The flaps or shelves are connected together by rods
jointed thereto, and so arranged that it is simply necessary to raise the proper
end of the table till the connecting rods (which when as a table are in pairs
close together and form the two side rails of the table), are in an upright
position, and form the four uprights or corner pillars of the whatnot, the
several leaves of the table keeping the whole time in their horizontal position,
and assuming the proper position for the shelves of the whatnot. The reverse

page_text: movement converts the whatnot into a table; suitable legs are fixed to one of
the shelves to support the other end, which when raised as a whatnot come
up behind it. When as a whatnot we secure it in that form by a locking
action applied to the parts jointed together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EMPTYING OR DRAINING THE WATER FROM CAREENING DOCKS IN MARITIME PORTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th February
1862. A communication from abroad by Pierre Lucien Fontaine, of
Paris, Engineer.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EMPTYING OR DRAINING THE WATER FROM CAREENING
DOCKS IN MARITIME PORTS," (a communication to me from abroad by Pierre
Lucien Fontaine, of Paris, Engineer,) to be as follows:-
The emptying or draining water from careening docks has always hitherto
been effected by means of pumps actuated by steam engines. This process
involves not only considerable first cost, but also great expense for repairs and
fuel, recurring upon each entry of a vessel into the dock, and as often as the
filtration of water into the dock necessitates a renewal of the draining.
This Invention consists principally in the utilization of the tides for the
purpose of effecting the necessary drainage, which system appears to result
from the very nature of the operation in tidal ports. The ordinary process is
to admit the vessel into the dock at high water, and placing it in the required
position to allow the water to ebb until it has attained its lowest level, tho
dock gates are then closed and the draining commences. It will be readily
understood that a reservoir might be made near to the dock into which the

page_text: water is admitted and retained at the high water level by the closing of a
shuttle or sluice, and when the time of drainage arrives the water retained in
the reservoir may be employed to actuate a turbine or other hydraulic machine,
which giving motion to the pumps will effect the emptying or draining of the
dock. When this new system is once established, very much less cost is
required for maintaining or keeping it in repair, (because the turbine or wheel
once firmly fixed is a motive power which requires.no .fuel, and very seldom
any repairs,) and is therefore greatly preferable to the existing system.
There is also another advantage, which is that during the intervals between
the draining operations the water of the reservoir may be utilized (by means
of the same turbine or hydraulic wheel, and without involving any expense) to
actuate any kind of machinery, such as saw mills, flour mills, or other machines
in use or needed at maritime ports. The first cost also will not be considerable,
as the fixing of the turbine or wheel will require very little preparatory
building or foundation, and a reservoir exists already in most maritime ports.
The size of the pumps to be employed will depend upon the quantity of water
to be drained and the time which it is desired to employ in this operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF SEWING OR OTHER NEEDLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Spendlove Desborough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
March 1862.
I, SPENDLOVE DESBOROUGH, of Noble St., St. Martin's-le-Grand, in the
City of London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF SEWING OR OTHER
NEEDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture or con-
struction of sewing or other needles, whereby the sewing thread is more
securely retained in the eye of the needle than heretofore, so as to prevent its
being drawn out by accident in the act of sewing.
For this purpose, in addition to the ordinary eye of the needle, according to
my Invention I form them, by preference, with an additional eye or eyes near
the head of the needle, through which the sewing thread is passed after passing
through the ordinary eye of the needle, by which arrangement the thread will
be prevented from drawing out so readily as is the case with needles of the
ordinary construction having only one eye. More than one additional eye
may be formed in needles according to my Invention, if it is desired to hold
the thread still more securely.
In place of forming needles with an additional eye or eyes, they may be
formed according to my Invention with a slit or opening at the back of the
ordinary eye, into which the thread may be readily drawn, so as to retain and
prevent it from being so easily unthreaded in the act of sewing.

page_text: Needles constructed with several eyes according to my Invention may be
used to sew with several colored threads at one time, and needles of this con-
struction may also be used with a single thread passed through one eye, as
with the ordinary one-eyed needle.
A COMPOSITION FOR RENDERING UNINFLAMMABLE LINEN, FLAX, SILK, COTTON, WOODWORK, AND OTHER ARTICLES OR MATERIALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edouard Hottin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June
1862.
I, EDOUARD HOTTIN, of No. 26, 'Rue de Rivoli, in the City of Paris, in the
Empire of France, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A COMPOSITION FOR RENDERING UNINFLAMMABLE LINEN, FLAX, SILK, COTTON,
WOODWORK, AND OTHER ARTICLES OR MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My process consists in the use of a chemical composition containing three
products, of which salt of tartar is the base, the two others being starch and
sulphate of soda. To render uninflammable such materials as linen, flax,
silk, cotton, woodwork, or other similar materials, I steep them in a solution
of the above-named products, and after a sufficient immersion I dry them.
To form the solution, I take 70 per cent. of salt of tartar, 25 per cent. of
starch, and 5 per cent. of sulphate of soda, and from three to four ounces of
these products to every quart of water. After complete saturation, which I
only obtain by dissolving these products in warm water, I permit the solution
to fall to the ordinary temperature, and use it at this degree, having remarked
in my numerous experiments that I have obtained better results when using
the solution cold than when hot. I may substitute fecula, tapioca, or other
gum in lieu of starch, and obtain the same result. When linen and cotton
or other stuffs have been washed and dried they may be well and sufficiently
starched or stiffened by dipping into this solution.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS FOR LADIES' AND GENTLEMENS' WEAR
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Aston at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1862.
I, WILLIAM ASTON, Button Manufacturer, of Princip Street Works,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of
my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BUTTONS FOR LADIES' AND GENTLEMENS' WEAR," to be as follows (that is to
say):
My improvements in the manufacture of buttons consist, first, in adapting
revolving beds or tables "to the process of fixing together and closing the parts
necessary in making covered buttons, such beds being divided, timed, and
simultaneously put in motion by a suitable mechanical arrangement that one
part of the button may be placed in part of a suitable die in the top bed, and
the other part of the button put in a corresponding part in the lower bed, that
as the top and bottom beds partially revolve, the two parts of the dies shall-
come exactly opposite each other, and pause untill the closing tools descend
to fasten the parts of the button together, and by the time this is done cor-
responding parts will be laid in the succeeding parts of dies, so that when the
tool is elevated the beds will again move around until the parts of dies and
parts of buttons to be united and closed are in position for the closing tool to
again descend and perform that operation.

page_text: When the description of button involves from its make more operations than
before described, an additional bed or beds are introduced, having suitable
parts of dies formed or placed in them, and in such a position that such parts
of dies shall be (when required) perfectly concentric with the other parts of
dies in connection with them. In using these appliances in the manufacture
of buttons, I purpose working them by steam, water, or any other auxiliary
power, and so dividing and timing the revolving tables or beds according to
their diameter and number of dies or parts of dies placed radially around
their axes as to allow the attendant or attendants to place the shells and
coverings and other parts forming the button in position to place them in the
parts of dies before their union for the descent of the tool to close and press
them together.
Secondly, my improvements consist in the application to buttons covered on
the edge, and faced with suitable woven fabrics of a circular or other shaped
metal front smaller than the general diameter of the button, so as to show a
covered edge around the metal part. The centre of this metal front, which
may be gilt, silvered, burnished, or otherwise finished, to be pierced, or have
cut out of it a suitable design, such as a crown, anchor, or bust in profile or
otherwise, as may be desired, the centre covering of the button appearing
through the pierced metal front, thereby showing the design in keen outline,
and in the colour of the material used for the covering of the button.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MINERS' LAMPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Bourne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st December
1862.
I, PETER BOURNE, of Whitehaven, in the County of Cumberland, Colliery
Viewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MINERS' LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the lamp known as the "Davy safety lamp,"
and consist of means for extinguishing the light of the lamp in the act of
opening the lamp and before the gauze covering can be removed from the
lamp. For this purpose I attach to the lamp near to the wick-holder an
apparatus consisting of one or more levers mounted on a suitable fulcrum,
bearing or bearings, and which apparatus is capable of being depressed on the
wick by the act of removing the wire gauze covering. This apparatus is by
the action of a suitable spring or springs, or by the weight of the short end of
the lever or levers aforesaid, or by both of such means, kept out of the way of
the ignited wick so long as the gauze covering remains on the lamp, or
when the gauze covering is being placed on the lamp, but as soon as any
attempt is made to remove the gauze covering one or more small projecting
piece or pieces attached to the mounting of the gauze covering is forced under
the short arm of the lever (or of each of the levers if more than one), which
short arm is thereby and by the unscrewing of the gauze covering elevated,
and thus the other end of such lever (or levers) is depressed on the wick and
so the wick is pressed down and the light becomes extinguished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CHAINS AND CHAIN CABLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bennett Howell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
March 1862.
I, JOSEPH BENNETT HOWELL, of the Firm of Shortridge, Howell, and
Company, Steel Manufacturers, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CHAINS AND CHAIN CABLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention comprehends certain improvements in the manufacture of
chains, which combine economy in production with increased strength. I
employ steel, iron, or a combination of steel and iron rolled of any required
thickness and breadth, with one face concave and the other convex in transverse
section. The metal so rolled I form into links of such shape as may be
required by coiling the strips of metal around a core or centre, which cor-
responds with the interior of the link to be made, and towards which the
convex surface of the metal is placed. I lap two, three, four, or more coils
continuously the one on the other, the convex surface bedding into the cor-
responding concave surface. For this purpose I heat the metal bar or strip
in a suitable furnace to a welding heat, and while so heated wind it up on the
core or centre before mentioned, and weld it throughout as it is being coiled
up, pressure being exerted by a suitable bar or part at the point of contact,
and welding to ensure the uniting of the metal. To further insure and improve
the union of the coils or lamina of the metal in the link, I cause a current or

page_text: blast of air to impinge on the point of contact and union or welding of the
metal, which has the effect of increasing the heat of the iron or steel, and
removing any oxide or scale formed on the uniting surfaces. One link is
turned within the other by placing the made link partially within the core or
form on which the link is to be made, a recess being cut therein for that
purpose, which, with its wheel for actuating it, is made in two parts
hinged together to separate and receive the link; this, together with any
made chain with which it may be in connection, remains stationary, while the
new link rotates with the mandril or centre in process of manufacture,
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOUNTING AND FIXING THE HANDLES OR KNOBS OF DOORS, FURNITURE, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th February
1862. A communication, from abroad by Mr. Félix Hilaire Galliniard,"
of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Commission Agent.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOUNTING AND FIXING THE HANDLES OR KNOBS
OF DOORS, FURNITURE, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in knobs or handles for doors,
furniture, drawers, hand rails, or other purposes, formed of glass, crystal, or
other fusible silicious material. These knobs or handles are generally formed
of three parts: 1st, the knob of fusible silicious material; 2ndly, the mounting
or part on which the knob is adjusted; and 3rdly, the spindle forming the base
of the handle. As at present constructed, the extremity of the spindle is only
let into the depth of the mounting, where it is-held by a pin passing through
the latter.
This Invention consists in securing the spindle in a recess formed in the
interior of such knob, the pin for fastening the knob being carried by the
mounting, which arrangement affords greater strength and prevents the
mounting becoming loose. For this purpose I form a cavity in the knob
for receiving the end of the spindle, which cavity I furnish with a metal socket
to prevent the glass breaking by any slight movement of the spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF BEER AND FERMENTED LIQUIDS, AND IN THE APPARATUS AND MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Louis William Thudichum
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1862.
I, JOHN LOUIS WILLIAM THUDICHUM, of Kensington, in the County of
Middlesex, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF BEER AND
FERMENTED LIQUIDS, AND IN THE APPARATUS AND MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN,'
to be as follows:-
"
This Invention relates to a mode of preserving beer and other fermented
liquids contained in closed vessels, and to a peculiar apparatus for carrying out
this object. According to this Invention, it is proposed to supply the cask or
other vessel containing the liquid to be preserved with carbonic acid gas,
derived from any convenient source, such supply of gas being turned on at
intervals, or each time a portion of the liquid is drawn off, the atmosphere at
all times being excluded from the cask or vessel. The apparatus which it is
proposed to employ in carrying out this Invention consists of a jar or outer
vessel of any material not acted upon to any great extent by acids, and of an
inner vessel or chamber of a like nature, open at the bottom and closed at the
top, having a pipe and stop-cock fitted therein. In the lower end of the inner
vessel or chamber there is fitted a moveable perforated bottom, which is
removed when charging the apparatus. The apparatus is charged by first
introducing into the upper part of the inner vessel or chamber (which is

page_text: removeable from the outer vessel) a quantity of chalk, pieces of marble, or
other hard carbonate. The perforated bottom is then replaced, and the outer
vessel is partially filled with hydrochloric, sulphuric, or other suitable acid
capable of generating carbonic acid gas when in contact with the carbonate
inside the inner vessel or chamber, which is then plunged into the acid so as
to cause it to percolate upwards through the perforated bottom and saturate
the carbonate inside the inner chamber; carbonic acid gas is now generated
inside the inner vessel or chamber, and may be supplied to the cask, or other
vessel containing the liquid to be preserved, by a pipe leading to the ordinary
vent hole or other convenient part of the cask or vessel. The stop-cock above
referred to is opened occasionally when drawing off the liquid, the space above
the liquid being thus constantly charged with carbonic acid gas in place
of air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARMOUR-PLATED VESSELS, OR OTHER LIKE STRUCTURES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jordan at the Office of-
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March
1862.
I, JOHN JORDAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer and
Surveyor of Iron Ships, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARMOUR-PLATED VESSELS, OR OTHER LIKE
STRUCTURES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
-The first part of this Invention consists in the application of toughened cast-
iron armour plates to armour-plated vessels or other like structures. The
armour plates to be composed of a mixture of pig iron and malleable iron melted
together in such proportions as may be found advantageous, and afterwards pro-
perly annealed, and they may be case-hardened. The holes for the bolts may be
cast or bored in or through the plates, or nuts of wrought iron may be bedded
in the mould and the metal cast round them, and in this case it is preferred to
form the nuts not so deep as the thickness of the plates, so that no holes shall
be required through the plates, or the bolts may be screwed into the plates
any required distance, but so as not to actually perforate the plates on the
outside.
The second part of this Invention consists in the use of suitable cement
placed between the joints of armour plates, and between the armour plates and
wood backing, and also between and behind the wood backing, the application
of cenient being to fill up solid, and form a good foundation for the plates,

page_text: and to fill up every defect of fitting between and behind the plates and the
timber backing; a solid bedding is thus formed behind the armour plates and
between the joints of the armour plates, and also between and behind the wood
backing, and injury from oxydation or corrosion to the ship's side and armour
plates and plate fastenings by the water getting behind and between the plates
will be prevented.
In some cases it is preferred to use such a thickness of cast toughened
plate armour set in cement as to dispense entirely with timber backing, the
strength of the timber backing being supplied by the extra thickness of the
armour plates.
The cement proposed to be used may be composed of (say) clean river
sand, Portland cement, Roman cement, or powdered porcelain, clay and quick
lime mixed into a mortar-like consistency with well boiled linseed oil and
litharge, linseed oil, and Japan size or shellac varnish. These materials or
other suitable waterproof cement may be used in which to set the armour
plates or timber backing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY. OR APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING COAL, ORES, AND. OTHER MINERAL SUBSTANCES FROM MINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Deprez at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1862.
I, JOSEPH DEPREZ, of Anzin, in the Department du Nord, in the Empire
of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY. OR APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING COAL, ORES, AND.
OTHER MINERAL SUBSTANCES FROM MINES," to be as follows:-
The machines in: ordinary use in mines for the extraction of coal, ore; or
other substances are placed at some distance from the pit, and the movement
of the cables is transmitted to the barrels by the medium of two pullies placed
above the pit or shaft.
My machine will be placed directly over the shaft, the spindles or drums
will act directly upon the barrels, and their alternate ascending and descending.
motion be given by a special combination,, which consists in placing upon two-
separate axles, independent of each other, and at suitable angles, the cranks
and connecting rods intended to produce the reverse movement of the spindles.
or drums, and consequently the ascent and descent of the cables. From the-
foregoing it will be evident that the two axles being separated it is not only.
easy to reverse the motion, but that they may be placed alongside of each other,.
and thus occupy less space.. Further, that as by reason of this separation the
cables perform similar and less destructive work, they will last much longer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLARIONETS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Tyler, of 5, Kennington Place, Kennington
Lane, in the County of Surrey, Professor of Music, for the Invention of
Sealed the 17th June 1862, and dated the 3rd May 1862.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Joseph Tyler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration, on
the 3rd May '1862, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law
Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
TYLER, of 5, Kennington Place, Kennington Lane,. in the County of
Surrey, Professor of Music, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CLARIONETS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto
me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent, for
the same and have made a solemn Declaration that I am the true and first
Inventor thereof, and that the same is not in use by any other person or
persons to the best of my knowledge and belief.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Tyler; do hereby declare that
the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal, fully describes and

page_text: ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, in and by the following statement :-

page_text: and the F sharp on the third ledger line below are produced by one finger of
the left hand, instead of being produced as hitherto by the fourth finger of the
left hand and the fourth finger of the right hand together.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Tyler, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Third day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
JOSEPH TYLER. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dennis Topham Moss at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th May 1862.
I, DENNIS TOPHAM Moss, of No. 16, Camden Terrace, Leeds, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FASTENING HORSE-SHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fastening horse-shoes.
For these purposes horse-shoes are made in the ordinary manner and of the
usual forms, and to each shoe two thin metal straps are applied, by prefer-
ence, of steel, one end of each of these straps is fastened to the fore part of
the shoe, but at some distance apart, so that, when these straps are crossed ou
the front of the hoof, the point of crossing is on the front and between the top
and bottom of the hoof. The fastening of the front ends of these metal straps
to the shoe is, by preference, by means of screws, but when the desired
fastening has been obtained the ends of the screws are rivetted or upset, so
that they may not become loose. At the heel of each shoe, opposite the inner
and outer quarters of the hoof, there are applied two lugs or plates which rise
to the upper part of the hoof; one of these, it is preferred, should work on
a hinge joint. These plates or lugs have holes through them at their
upper ends, through which short tubes (which are fixed to the back ends of
the metal straps) pass. The short tubes are formed with internal or female
screws which receive male screws with spreading heads, by which the ends

page_text: of the metal straps are retained in their positions. These short tubes also
receive the ends of a vulcanized india-rubber strap which is applied at the
back of the hoof. The holes through the ends of the india-rubber strap,
through which the short tubes pass, are strengthened with metal eyelet holes.
By these means the back ends of the two metal straps, also the upper ends of
the lugs or plates, and also the ends of the india-rubber strap, are all retained
together by the short tubes aided by the male screws applied thereto, as
before described.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Alcan, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April 1862.
- A communication from abroad by Celestin Martin, of Pepinster,
Belgium.
I, EMILE ALCAN, of Coleman Street Buildings, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO CARDING ENGINES," (communicated to me
from abroad by Celestin Martin, of Pepinster, Belgium,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adding an endless web to carding engines, as
hereafter explained and in manner represented in the accompanying Drawing.
A is the doffer of the carding engine; B is the endless web, formed, by
preference, of cotton cloth with strips of leather or thick fabric applied across
it at intervals to keep it from creasing; C, C, are rollers, slightly convex in
the centre, supported upon spindles passing through the frame D, D. One of
these rollers is driven by a strap and imparts motion to the endless web;
E, E, are smaller rollers, formed of strips of wood with spaces between the
strips; these rollers are so constructed in order that they may not strip the
wool or other fibre from the web which is brought round in contact with
them; F is another similar skeleton roller, the axis of which is supported in
a movable bearing G; and H is a regulating screw whereby the tension of
the web may be adjusted.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BROOMS AND BRUSHES, AND IN THE MODE OF FASTENING BROOMS, BRUSHES, AND MOPS TO THEIR HANDLES OR STALES (OR STAILS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hinks and Adam Dixon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 23rd August 1862.
We, JOSEPH HINKS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and ADAM DIXON, also of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BROOMS AND BRUSHES, AND IN THE MODE OF FASTENING BROOMS, BRUSHES,
AND MOPS TO THEIR HANDLES OR STALES (OR STAILS)," to be as follows:-
First, making the stocks or heads used for brushes and brooms of a
triangular shape, by which a saving in timber is effected, as the triangular
stocks can be cut one out of another out of square or plank timber, or a
cylindrical block or stock can be cut into three, four, or more pieces.
Secondly, an improved outside shape, contour, or configuration is gained by
filling the triangular stocks on all the three sides and ends, or only on two of
the sides and ends, with the materials generally used for brushes or brooms,
and so enabling the brush or broom to sweep out corners not only better but
without injuring by contact the surfaces operated upon, or furniture, or other
objects.
Thirdly, for the better and readier fastening of brush or broom handles to
their stocks, we make a metal socket similar to that used for castors, and
fastened to the handles by wood screws or nails; to the lower or bottom end
of said socket is fastened a coarse-threaded screw to penetrate the brush stock

page_text: or head; and for mops, instead of the nail at present used, we propose a
large-headed bolt to pass through the mop head, the end of said bolt screwed
to fit into a hole drilled and tapped in the bottom of a socket similar to that
already described, but without the coarse-threaded screw, the said socket being
attached to the mop handle by wood screws or nails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE KNOBS AND IN FIXING THEM; IN SPINDLES USED WITH CERTAIN KINDS OF KNOBS; IN SECURING THE METAL MOUNTS UPON SUCH KNOBS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CERTAIN PARTS OF THIS MANUFACTURE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Tildesley and Edmund
Sharpe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 5th December 1862.
We, MATTHEW TILDESLEY, of Willenhall, in the County of Stafford, Lock
Manufacturer, and EDMUND SHARPE, of Swadlincote, in the County of Derby,
Earthenware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE KNOBS AND IN
FIXING THEM; IN SPINDLES USED WITH CERTAIN KINDS OF KNOBS; IN SECURING THE
METAL MOUNTS UPON SUCH KNOBS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CERTAIN
PARTS OF THIS MANUFACTURE," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our improvements refer, firstly, to the manufacture of earthenware knobs
by moulding them in metal moulds lined with plaster of paris, the sinking on
the back of the knob for the mount and spindle, or for the screw as the case
may be, is formed by employing a plug of fired earthenware, surrounded with
plaster of paris, the plaster being protected at the bottom by the form of the
plug which resembles a piston with its rod covered with plaster, which we find
less likely to adhere to the moist clay. This sinking we make square in section
by preference. We pierce the holes for the running of metal which is intended
to secure the mount or screw horizontally in the knob by employing a peculiar
instrument formed similarly to a pair of glove stretchers with a horizontal
pin or stud upon the end of each limb. The tool when closed will pass into the
sinking for the mount, pressure by the hand then forces the pins or studs

page_text: pressure.
laterally into the clay, whence they can be again withdrawn by releasing the
If the description of knob be that used for cupboards or drawers,
and without a spindle, our improvements in fixing them consist in substituting
for the mount above named either a male screw or plain plug tapped to receive
another screw inserted from the back of the door or drawer.
Our improvements in securing together the knobs and mounts or screws,
consists in employing an alloy of metal run into the holes described. This
alloy consists of about two and a half per cent by preference of regulus of
antimony, about the same proportion of tin, the remainder being lead; this
forms a sufficiently hard metal for the plugs, lead by itself being too soft.
Our improvements in the spindles consist in grooving them on all four
sides throughout their entire length by rolling the iron in suitable rolls to any
necessary length, and then cutting up the rod thus produced into lengths
for each spindle. The knobs when moulded, sunk, and pierced for the plugs
are afterwards glazed and fired by the ordinary process used in such manu-
facture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June 1862.-
A communication from abroad by Monsieur Henri Lissagaray, of 12,
Rue Ollivier, St. Georges, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of No. 19, Salisbury Street, Adelphi, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PHOTOGRAPHY," (communicated to me from abroad by Monsieur Henri Lissagary,
of 12, Rue Ollivier, St. Georges, Paris, in the Empire of France,) to be as
follows:-
These improvements relate to the ornamentation of photographic works,
and chiefly to the production of backgrounds, borderings, and such like aids
to the art of photographing objects. For these purposes I produce the design
required by employing a sheet of glass or other equivalent transparent
substance, upon which by galvanic agency I deposit first a coat of gold or
other metal suited for the purpose, and next a coat of platina or other equally
suitable metallic surface. I then engrave by means of a stile or point the
required ornamental design, so that the light may pass through the lines so
marked, engraved, or cut into or through the metallic surface.
An open
space may be left in the centre or other part or parts of the plate prepared as
described, so that a portrait or portraits, or other subject or subjects intended
to be reproduced may be introduced behind or before such space or otherwise
in combination with such engraved plate.

page_text: This process when used for ornamenting photographic proofs is employed
by means of double stereotype plates of glass or other equivalent transparent
substance prepared as described and used together by superposition or in
succession. The effect may be varied by the variations in the depth as well
as the width of the lines engraved or etched upon or cut through the metallic
coating of the transparent ground, and in accordance also with the intensity
of the light employed, and compound figures and effects can be produced by
the intersection of more than one prepared plate used in combination with
any other.