A New or Improved Brooder or Artificial Mother for Rearing Poultry, and for other like purposes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Feb., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 18th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 24th Nov., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Brooder or Artificial Mother for Rearing
Poultry, and for other like purposes.
I, THEODORA WILSON WILSON of Prospect, Kendal, in the County of
Westmoreland, Spinster do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention consists of a brooder or artificial mother the parts of which are
constructed and combined and operate in the manner hereinafter described.
In order that my invention may be the better understood I remark that a
brooder or artificial mother consists essentially of a chamber or pen the air in which
is artificially warmed, the hatched chickens are placed in the said chamber which
is or may be connected with a run. The warm air of the brooder replaces the
warmth of the hen and the chickens when in search of warmth retire into the
brooder through a door provided for their entrance and exit.
In constructing a brooder according to my invention I make a cylindrical
chamber of preferably about eighteen inches diameter and twelve inches in height,
but I do not limit myself to any particular shape or size. The chamber may be
made of galvanized sheet iron or of tin plate, the movable top or cover being
made of the same material the bottom being made of wood or other imperfect
conductor of heat. The chamber has a series of small holes at its upper part for
effecting a gentle ventilation. At the middle of the floor a petroleum or other
lamp is situated the said lamp having a wire guard for preventing the chickens
from coming into contact with it. The chimney of the lamp extends to about half
the height of the chamber and at a short distance above the top of the chimney a
horizontal plate or disc (preferably circular) of strong sheet metal is fixed. This
plate has a diameter about one half that of the chamber. Surmounting the said
plate is a large metal chimney carried by the top of the chamber. The said chimney
opens at bottom into the chamber a short distance above the plate described and
opens at top into the external atmosphere. The summit of the chimney has a
weather guard to prevent the entrance of rain and check the action of wind.
The action of the parts is as follows. By the burning of the lamp a current of
heated air emerges from the top of its chimney and impinges on the underside of
the metal plate suspended above it. The said current of heated air heats the said
plate and is deflected radially from the centre to the margin of the plate reaching
which it ascends into the upper part of the chamber where its course is reversed;
the current converging towards the centre of the plate enters the lower end of the
large metal chimney and ascending escapes at its top into the external atmosphere.
A portion of the warm air also escapes through the ventilating holes. Besides
acting as a deflector diverting the current of heated air in the manner described,
the said plate also acts as a radiator; the heat received from the current of hot
air of the lamp being radiated downwards on to the floor of the chamber which
becoming warm warms the air in contact with it thus setting up a circulation of air
by the process called by physicists convection.
In order to economise heat the brooder may have either an external covering or
an internal lining of felt, wood or other imperfect conductor of heat.

page_text: Although I have only described my invention in connection with the rearing of
chickens yet I wish it to be understood that my invention may be used for various
other purposes such for example as for the rearing of game and generally for all
such purposes as a brooder is or may be applicable to.
Dated this 14th day of February 1894.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
A New or Improved Brooder or Artificial Mother for Rearing
Poultry, and for other like purposes.
I THEODORA WILSON WILSON, of Prospect, Kendal, in the County of
Westmoreland Spinster, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
'
My invention consists of a brooder or artificial mother the parts of which are
constructed and combined and operate in the manner hereinafter described.
In order that my invention may be the better understood I remark that a
brooder or artificial mother consists essentially of a chamber or pen the air in
which is artificially warmed; the hatched chickens are placed in the said chamber
which is or may be connected with a run. The warm air of the brooder replaces
the warmth of the hen and the chickens when in search of warmth retire into the
brooder through a door provided for their entrance and exit.
In constructing a brooder according to my invention I make a cylindrical
chamber of preferably about eighteen inches diameter and twelve inches in height
but I do not limit myself to any particular shape or size. The chamber may be
made of galvanized sheet iron or of tin plate. The chamber has a series of small
holes at its upper part for effecting a gentle ventilation. At the middle of the
floor a petroleum or other lamp is situated the said lamp having a wire guard for
preventing the chickens coming into contact with it. The chimney of the lamp
extends to about half the height of the chamber and at a short distance above the
top of the chimney a horizontal plate or disc (preferably circular) of strong sheet
metal is fixed. This plate has a diameter about one half that of the chamber.
Surmounting the said plate is a large metal chimney carried by the top of the
chamber. The said chimney opens at bottom into the chamber a short distance
above the plate described and opens at top into the external atmosphere. The
summit of the chimney has a weather guard to prevent the entrance of rain and
check the action of wind.
The action of the parts is as follows;-By the burning of the lamp a current of
beated air emerges from the top of its chimney and impinges on the underside of
the metal plate suspended above it. The said current of heated air heats the said
plate and is deflected radially from the centre to the margin of the plate reaching
which it ascends into the upper part of the chamber where its course is reversed;
the current converging towards the centre of the plate enters the lower end of the
large metal chimney and ascending escapes at its top into the external atmosphere.
A portion of the warm air also escapes through the ventilating holes. Besides
acting as a deflector diverting the current of heated air in the manner described
the said plate also acts as a radiator, the heat received from the current of hot air
of the lamp being radiated downwards onto the floor of the chamber which
becoming warm warms the air in contact with it, thus setting up a circulation of
air by the process called by physicists convection.

page_text: In order to economise heat the brooder may have either an external covering
or an internal lining of felt, wood or other imperfect conductor of heat.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents in perspective a chicken
brooder or artificial mother constructed according to my invention and Figure 2
represents the same view as Figure 1 with a portion of the outer wall or case and
cover of the chamber broken away for the purpose of showing the interior of the
brooder; Figure 3 represents the brooder in vertical section.
The same letters indicate the same parts in the several figures of the
drawing.
a is a cylindrical (or other shaped) chamber made preferably of sheet metal the
said chamber having a removable top or cover b and a bottom c, the latter being
fixed to the cylindrical side a of the chamber. The brooder represented is made
wholly of metal but where desirable the bottom may be made of wood or other
imperfect conductor of heat; or a wooden or other non-conducting disc may be
placed upon the metallic bottom c. The cylindrical side of the chamber has small
holes a, a' near its top and larger holes a³, a³ at front and back through which
series of holes a³, a³ a gentle ventilation is effected. The larger holes a³, a³ also
permit of the inspection of the interior of the brooder without raising the
removable top or cover and facilitate the lifting and carrying of the brooder. The
chamber a is provided with a sliding door d at front, the said door working in
grooves or guides d², d² on the sides of the doorway. The said door d has small
holes or perforations d³ near its bottom for the purpose of assisting in the
ventilation of the brooder when the door is in the lowered or closed position
represented in Figures 1 and 2. The doorway is provided with a porch like
weather guard e for preventing the entrance of rain by the said doorway. The
door d is represented in its raised or open position in Figure 3.
Situated in a rim or holder f formed on or fixed to the middle of the floor of
the brooder, is a petroleum or other lamp y the said lamp being provided with a
wire gauze guard h for preventing the chickens coming into contact with the flame.
Situated over and near the top of the guard h is the heat deflecting and radiating
metallic plate or disc i the said plate being suspended from the chimney 62 in the
removable top or cover of the brooder. The chimney is provided with a weather
guard for preventing the entrance of rain and wind.
The lamp represented is a chimneyless lamp, when a lamp having a chimney is
employed the said chimney terminates immediately under the heat deflecting and
radiating plate i.
Although I have represented an oil lamp, a gas lamp may be employed, the gas
being conveyed to the lamp by a flexible tube.
When the lamp is lighted the heated air from the flame rises until it comes in
contact with the plate ; the hot air is thereby spread outwards until it reaches
the edge of the plate when it ascends into the upper part of the chamber, the said
heated air finally escaping by the chimney 62 and ventilating holes a², a³ into the
external air. The hot plate i becoming heated heat is radiated on to the floor of
the brooder and the whole chamber becomes thoroughly and uniformly warmed.
Although I have only described my invention in connection with the rearing of
chickens yet I wish it to be understood that my invention may be used for various
other like purposes, such for example, as the rearing of game and generally for all
such purposes as a brooder is or may be applicable to.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I claim
as my invention ;-
°
The new or improved brooder or artificial mother for rearing poultry and for
other like purposes the parts of which are constructed arranged and act substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, the said
brooder consisting essentially of a ventilated chamber artificially heated by an oil

page_text: lamp or other source of heat the said chamber being provided with a heat deflecting
and radiating plate suspended over the lamp or source of heat substantially as
described and illustrated.
Dated the Eleventh day of October 1894.
THEODORA WILSON WILSON.