AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FOOD ANDLIT CATTLE PIGS OTHERIMA
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Clisild Daniell, of Bath, for the Inven-
tion of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FOOD AND
"
Sealed the 3rd February 1854, and dated the 3rd August 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Clisild
Daniell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3rd August 1858.
I, JOSEPH CLISILD DANIELL, of Bath, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING
FOOD AND LITTER FOR CATTLE, PIGS, AND OTHER ANIMALS'
follows:-
This Invention consists in brusing and softening all sorts of hay,
such as meadow hay, French hay or sanfoin, clover, and vetch hay, or
any other hay usually given to cattle, and all other herbage, such as
docks, &c., occasionally grown amongst grass, and made in like manner
as hay, also wheat, barley, and oat straw, bean straw or halm, pea
straw or halm, and any other straw or halm that may be given as food

page_text: for cattle, and such other animals as may be fed on the like food, like-
wise in bruising and softening all such said straw or halm as is
commonly or may be used for litter or bedding for cattle or animals.
And this bruising and softening of such food as aforesaid is to render
it more easily masticated by cattle and animals which may be fed on
such, and more digestive and nutritious; also rendering such straw or
halm used for litter or bedding more soft and absorbent, and thereby
making it more pleasant for cattle and animals to rest upon, and giving
an increased value to the dung made from it. This my said improve-
ment or improvements I perform in the manner herein-after set forth
and described. Previously to applying my improvement in preparing the
hay, straw, or halmı above stated, the said hay, straw, or halm must be
cut into short lengths or chaff by passing it through a chaff cutting
machine driven by steam or water power, or worked by hand, in the
usual manner hay or straw is cut into. chaff. After it is so cut, I then
apply my said improvement by placing the said chaff under a heavy
pair of rollers running on edge, or on their periphery, such as are used
by drysalters in grinding their dye woods, and commonly called runners
(sec Drawings hereunto marked No 1, and 2, annexed) after the chaf
has remained in what is called the pan, see letter A, Figures 1, and
2, in which the rollers work for a short period, the rollers running over
it during the time, the chaff will be sufficiently bruised and softened to
give cattle as food, but when such prepared food is intended for pigs or
other animals that do not usually feed on hay, then such hay, straw, or
halm aforesaid must be cut much shorter than the chaff intended to be
bruised for cattle before it is put under the runners, and it will be
necessary to let it remain a longer time under the runners, so as to
reduce it sufficiently for the food of pigs or such animals as may
feed on it when mixed with their other food usually given to such
animals.
Note. Care must be taken during the time the chaff is under the
runners, and they are operating on it, that it is shifted and moved about
so that it be bruised equally by the action of the said runners. In like
manner is my said improvement performed in preparing straw or halm
for litter or bedding for cattle, pigs, and animals, excepting only that

page_text: the straw or halm so bruised and softened under the runners need not
be cut into lengths so short as it is cut in the usual way as chaff when
riven as fodder to cattle.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Clisild Daniell in the Great Scal
Patent Office, on the 3rd February 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOSEPH CLISILD DANIELL, of Bath, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, Her
special licence that I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph,
Clisild Daniell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING
FOOD AND LITTER FOR CATTLE, PIGS, AND OTHER ANIMALS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, 'should particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Oflice within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I,' the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):

page_text: Heretofore when hay; whether made of meadow grass, clover, or other
herbal straw or halın, has been given to animals as food, it has been
in the hard state, and the only preparation to which such matters have
been subjected has been by cutting the same into short lengths or chaff.
Now the object of iny Invention is to prepare such descriptions of dry
vegetable matters with a view to aid mastication and digestion when
they are used for food of animals; also straw and stalks of herbage
when similarly prepared will be rendered more suitable, and may be
more usefully applied as litter for cattle, pigs, and other animals. And
my Invention consists of causing such matters to be cut into chaff or
short lengths, and when in a dry and brittle state to subject the same
to the action of a suitable mill to be crushed and ground.
.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will procced
to describe the inanner of performing the same.
Hay (whether made from meadow or other grass or other herbage)
or straw, the halms or straw of beans and peas, or the halms or straw of
other dry herbage which may be used as food or litter for animals, is
first to be cut into short lengths, as chaff has heretofore been cut, by
any suitable machines or instruments put in motion by hand or power,
after which, in order to get any such cut matter in a dry and brittle
state, the same is to be dried in any suitable manner. I prefer for this
purpose a kiln such as is used for drying malt, though other well-known
means may be employed in order to drive off moisture.
The dry
matter is next to be subjected to the action of a suitable mill to crush
aud grind the same, for which purpose I prefer to employ edge stones,
such as are used by drysalters and others, and by such means I cause
the matter, whether intended for food or litter, to be ground, taking care
to move the same continually whilst it is under the stones, so that the
matter may be equally subjected to the crushing and grinding. When
the food is intended for cattle and other animals usually fed on hay the
crushing and grinding need not be carried to the extent of reducing
the matter or matters to meal or powder, but when intended for the
food of pigs and other animals not usually fed on hay the chaff
should be cut into very short lengths in order to facilitate its reduction
to meal or powder, and in some instances it would be necessary to

page_text: pass it through a seive to separate the parts not sufficiently reduced for
such, or to pass it through a machine such as is used by millers for
separating the bran from the flour, and then it is given them with other
wet food; although I have mentioned edge stones as those preferred, I
do not confine myself thereto, as other constructions of mills, such as
those used for grinding wheat, may be used in place thereof.
And I would state that I make no claim to the construction of chaff'
cutting machinery or instruments, nor to the construction of kilns or
apparatus used for drying, nor to the construction of mills employed for
crushing and grinding. But what I claim is, the manufacture or
preparation of food and litter for animals herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
four.
Witness,
HENRY FISHER, JUN",
Limplly Stoke.
J. C. DANIELL. (L.S.)