matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING MACHINERY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Vevers' at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1868.-A communication from abroad by Joseph Nussey,
of Pattison, New Jersey, United States of America.
I, JOSEPH VEVERS, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS
IN SPINNING AND TWISTING MACHINERY," (a communication), to be as
follows:-
This communicated Invention has more especial reference to silk.
spinning machinery, and is what I term an arrangement for "up-
spinning." It consists of a spindle, the top of which fits into a heavy
metal cap, and to such cap is soldered or otherwise conveniently secured
a ring, the lower portion of which forms a recessed flanch. What I
term a "traveller" consisting of a piece of small flat wire which loosely
clips the flanch is free to move around it. I also place upon the spindle
a wharl and tube combined and free to rotate, the former for the purpose
of driving the bobbin which is sustained by the tube, a projecting pin
upon the upper surface of the wharl operating upon a recess in the
bobbin flanch for such rotary purposes. The wharl rotates upon a

page_text: recessed step which rests upon the frame rail. By recessing the top of
the cap before named, and cutting a groove in the flat of the spindle
which fits into it oil may be conveyed down the spindle to the wharl
tube, as also to the collar or step upon which it rests. The silk or other
fibre is passed from the bobbin through the "traveller," and upwards
for what I term "up-spinning," and by this arrangement a larger
amount of work is done, less waste is made, and weak fibres may also
be spun.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY WINDOW AND WINDOW SASH LOOK FASTENER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Whiston at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
July 1868.
I, ROBERT WHISTON, Builder, 7, Clifton Terrace, Chapel Ash, Wolver-
hampton, in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY WINDOW AND WINDOW SASH LOOK
FASTENER;" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a secure and simple method of
fastening together and easily separating windows and window sashes,
so that when the sashes and windows are fastened together with this
fastener it shall be impossible to open them from the outside without
unusual violence, and it is so constructed that when the arm is pressed
into its position for holding the sashes together it shall firmly lock
itself underneath and against the plate on one side and the catch plate
on the opposite side, so that when this arm is unlocked it is self-acting
and will return into position, and admit the separation of the window
or window sashes: This I accomplish by the construction of a lever
or arm curved in the form A, B, Fig. 1 and Fig. 4. This arm is
pulled forward by pressure upon lever C, and brought under and

page_text: against the catch plate D and the projection on plate at (0); the
spring E sustains the arm in its lock position and produces self-action to
the arm when released from its lock position. The arm Fig. 4 has a slot
in it, as shewn at (a, b,), which locks into the catch plate Fig. 3 at (c).
The lever (d) Fig. 3 is pressed a little to the left side and a little
downwards, when the arm returns and admits of the separation of the
sashes or windows. The spring is protected from wet and dust by a top
plate, as shewn by x, y, z, Fig. 2.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REELS OR RECEIVERS, AND IN THE MODES OP PLACING THEREON NEEDLES THREADED WITH TWISTED STRANDS AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN KNOWN MACHINERY FOR WINDING THE TWISTED STRANDS OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL ON SUCH AND ORDINARY (WHEN THE NEEDLES SHALL HAVE BEEN THREADED) REELS OR RECEIVERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pidding at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June
1868.
I, WILLIAM PIDDING, of Guilford Street, Russell Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REELS OR RECEIVERS, AND IN THE MODES
OP PLACING THEREON NEEDLES THREADED WITH TWISTED STRANDS AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN KNOWN MACHINERY
FOR WINDING THE TWISTED STRANDS OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL ON SUCH AND
ORDINARY (WHEN THE NEEDLES SHALL HAVE BEEN THREADED) REELS OR
RECEIVERS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in reels or receivers consists in making their
external surface when cushions for needles shall have been placed in
their centres of angular form, and in casting them from moulds in any
appropriate material instead of turning them on the lathe, as they have
been hitherto made. Such castings may include the rims, or such may
be cast separately of forms and sizes to fit the reels the will have to be
fastened on to in any convenient way. I place, first, any required

page_text: number of needles on to one length of twisted strands or other
fibrous materials, and after placing one or more needles in the centre
of the cushion in one of the ends of the recl or receiver I cause the
twisted strand or other fibrous material to be wound in the ordinary way
round the reel or receiver when the needles shall have been threaded
on the twisted strands or other material, and by means of the ordinary
machinery or apparatus now in use for such purpose when the twisted
strands or other material shall not have had needles threaded on to it;
and after a layer of twisted strand or other material shall have been
wound round such herein-before described or other reel in the usual
way I place one or more needles in the cushion in the centre of the
reel or receiver at the other end thereof, and so on alternately until
all the twisted strand or other material shall have been been wound round
the reel or other receiver and the needles placed in the cushions herein-
before described.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING IN RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Carter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1868.
I, WILLIAM CARTER, of Masham, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING IN RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
My improved means or apparatus for communicating in railway trains
is as follows:-I fix a tube or tubes to one or both sides of the carriages
externally or internally, such tube or tubes to be composed of gutta
percha, india-rubber, or metal with connections or branches from the
same into each compartment, terminating with a suitable mouth piece
hermetically closed with a stopper; the tubes are connected between the
carriages with couplings and india-rubber flexible tubing, allowing a
sufficient length for the movement of the carriages. I convey a tube or
tubes to the guard's van, and there fix it in the position best adapted for
him to hear the whistle with which the mouth piece in his van is closed,
so that the stopper in any carriage or compartment being removed and
the tube blown through by a passenger the immediate attention of the
guard will be called thereto. If the guard then removes the whistle he

page_text: can hold conversation with the passenger through the tube. I propose
to supply spare brass or other caps to close the ends of the tubes when
required. One tube I propose should serve as a separate and distinct
communication between the guard and engine driver, having at each end
a suitable mouth piece and whistle, and I further propose that the tubes
should not be placed in contact with the carriages, but be fixed on
brackets, which for the better prevention of vibration are covered with
felt or some other nonconductor of sound. The mouth pieces in the
compartments should be covered in by glass or other material which
would have to be broken or torn away before the mouth piece could be
used, there would thus be evidence of the compartment from which a
signal has been sent if the apparatus be used improperly. In the event
of signals being sent from several compartments almost simultaneously
valves which may be fitted in the tubes close the communication from
all the compartments except that from which the signal was first
sent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SEPARATION OR REMOVAL OF FOREIGN MATTERS OR IMPURITIES FROM WATER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Wise and Edward Field
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 30th April 1868.
We, FRANCIS WISE and EDWARD FEELD, both of Chandos Chambers,
Adelphi, in the City of Westminster, Consulting Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR EFFECTING THE SEPARATION OR REMOVAL OF FOREIGN MATTERS OR IMPURITIES
FROM WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
effecting the separation or removal of foreign matters or impurities
from water. We submit the water to the action of substances which
by admixture therewith have the effect of throwing down, separating,
or removing foreign matters or impurities, preferring caustic baryta
when treating water impregnated with earthy matters, for which purpose
we employ vessels containing series of cells, chambers, or passages,
the upper parts or portions of which communicate with each other
at their respective ends alternately, so that the water under treatment
in passing from the inlet to the exit openings of the apparatus is
compelled to traverse each of the entire series of horizontal cells,

page_text: chambers, or passages, while traversing which it will be subjected
to the constant action of the caustic baryta or other substance or
substances mixed with it, and whereby the foreign matters or impurities
thereby affected will be thrown down and deposited in the lower parts
or portions of the horizontal cells, chambers, or passages below the
point or points at which they communicate with each other. Each
cell, chamber, or passage may be provided with an opening or door
through which the matters may be removed therefrom when desired.
By preference the water and caustic baryta or other substance or
substances are fed to the apparatus simultaneously, the water being
conducted or supplied to the cells, chambers, or passages by or along
a channel or passage having transverse corrugations or equivalent
arrangements for the purpose of agitating the water into which the
caustic baryta or its substitute is allowed to drop or fall in order
that while traversing the channel on their way to the cells, chambers,
or passages the water and the caustic baryta or its substitute may
become thoroughly mixed so that the latter will have the desired effect*
of throwing down, separating, or removing the foreign matters or
impurities contained in the former.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PROCESSES AND MEANS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Radcliffe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
April 1868.
I, JAMES RADCLIFFE, of Consett Iron Works, in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROCESSES AND MEANS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND
STEEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the process of
puddling and treating iron and steel, the effects of which are to improve
the quality and lessen the cost of production by the introduction of
a hot blast of atmospheric air or other heated gases by means of pipes,
tubes, or other suitable contrivances.
According to my present improvements I regulate the pressure of
the blast according to the proportion of carbon or other impurities
5 contained in the pig iron, the rapid and economical removal of which
together with the shortening of the duration of the puddling process
being effected by the means above named. I regulate the heat and
pressure of the hot blast or blast of heated atmospheric air or gas both

page_text: for the purpose of melting the pig iron in the pudding furnace and
for removing the carbon or other impurities by its continued application
during and up to the period of boiling and "coming to nature."
The blast of hot air or gas may also be applied according to my
Invention to the molten metal run from a blast furnace into a puddling
furnace, refinery, or other furnace or cupola.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING WARPS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ingham, of the Valley Dye Works, Brad-
ford, Dyer and Finisher, and Illingworth Butterfield, of Bradford,
aforesaid, in the County of York, Manager, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING WARPS."
Sealed the 25th May 1869, and dated the 28th November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ingham and
Illingworth Butterfield at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 28th November 1868.
We, JOHN INGHAM, of the Valley Dye Works, Bradford, Dyer and
Finisher, and ILLINGWORTH BUTTERFIELD, of Bradford aforesaid, in the
County of York, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING
WARPS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the dressing or preparing warp for the
loom after the process of sizeing, dyeing, or bleaching, or any other

page_text: process which causes the "ends" or threads to adhere together, and
whether such warps are first wound upon a beam, or taken direct from
the ball as in hand dressing, and the improvements consist:--
Firstly. In the employment of a series of brushes having bristles in
two opposite sides, these brushes being caused to travel in succession
upon a horizontal bed a certain distance, then drop upon another bed
parallel to the former, on which they are returned, and then raised to the
first bed again, and so on continuing to travel forward on one bed and
back on the other bed. To effect this movement of the brushes we
prefer to use screws to propel them as used in certain machinery well-
known as "screw gill boxes," but chains, belts, or other contrivances
may be used for this purpose.
Secondly. In the use of a series of healds for each single end or thread
of the warp to pass through, so that any of the said healds may be raised
or lowered so as to separate each end or thread from the others, and also
open a shed or sheds for taking the "leys" required in preparing warps
for the loom.
Thirdly. In the application of apparatus for stopping the action of the
machine when any of the ends stick fast, which consists of a recipro-
catory bar and a lever operated by any of the healds when the ends
stick together on coming in contact therewith, which lever places a stop
in position for contact with the reciprocatory bar, and the bar thereby
operates upon, and knocks or throws off the strap guide, or a clutch or
friction box may be used for this purpose.
IMPROVED APPARATUS POR MEASURING LIQUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William England at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1868..
I, WILLIAM ENGLAND, of the City of Bristol, Commercial Traveller,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS POR MEASURING LIQUIDS," to be as follows:
The chief object of this Invention is to enable retailers to measure
small quantities of liquids for their customers while in the act of drawing
out the same from. the supply cask or other vessel. This is effected by
applying to the cask or vessel a two-way cock fitted with a graduated
measure which is to receive the liquor from the cask, and will indicate
with precision the quantity of liquor drawn out. From this graduated
vessel the liquor is discharged by giving the plug of the cock a further
quarter turn, which will simultaneously shut off the supply and open-
a passage from the graduated vessel to the discharge opening and allow
the liquor to run into a jug or other vessel provided to receive it:
The graduated vessel may conveniently be made of glass, or a met:!
vessel may be used fitted at the side with a graduated slip of glass or

page_text: provided with a glass tube graduated. This tube may be placed at the
outside of the vessel and open to the interior at bottom to allow the
liquor to flow therein, or it may be inserted within the vessel and have
a float to slide over it and indicate the height of the liquor with
precision.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COILING OR REVOLVING SHUTTERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Herbert Hazard and
William Grimwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 9th May 1868.
We, HENRY HERBERT HAZARD, of 455, New Cross Road, Deptford,
in the County of Kent, Engineer, and WILLIAM GRIMWOOD, of 12,
North Road, New Cross Road, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COILING OR
REVOLVING SHUTTERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in an improved method of joining together
the laths or strips of which revolving shutters are formed, and we do
not confine ourselves to any particular form of lath or strip used; it
may be curved, flat, or of any suitable section, and may be made of
any suitable metal or of wood; near the bottom edge of each lath or
strip at suitable distances we punch, drill, or otherwise make a number
of holes, the number depending on the size of the shutter; into these
holes we rivet, or screw, or otherwise attach metal pins projecting from
the back of the lath or strip; we also prepare similar holes along the
top edge of each lath or strip, into which we introduce the pins or rivets
which project from the bottom edge of the next lath above; the pins

page_text: or rivets are then bent up into a loop of suitable form to sit close to
the back of the lath or strip to which they are rivetted or screwed,
or they may be brought through to the face of the lath or strip through
a hole made for that purpose, or otherwise connected (or the loop may
be formed before it is fixed to the lath). Thus are two laths or strips
joined together, and by continuing the operation a shutter of any
suitable size may be made, which will coil round any roller or spring,
or may be drawn into or out of any groove or slit provided for the
purpose. The said shutter may be worked by the gearing usually
employed for similar purposes, or by springs or balance weights, but we
prefer working it by means of pulleys or shcaves attached to the roller
and worked by a chain passing over a bottom sheave or otherwise, upon
the deferential principle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLE-ACTION RECIPROCATING PUMPS BY WHICH THE USUAL SUCTION AND DELIVERY VALVES ARE DISPENSED WITH AND THEIR FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY MEANS OF A SLIDING ACTION OF THE BARREL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Stracey Barron at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th February 1868.
I, HENRY STRACEY BARRON, Mechanical Draughtsman, of 2, Alexander
Terrace, Barking Road, in the Parish of West Ham, County of Essex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DOUBLE-ACTION RECIPROCATING PUMPS BY WHICH THE USUAL SUCTION AND
DELIVERY VALVES ARE DISPENSED WITH AND THEIR FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY
MEANS OF A SLIDING ACTION OF THE BARREL," to be as follows:-
I employ a piston to which a determinate reciprocating action is given
by any prime mover and which works in a barrel having open ends
and furnished with a series of circumferential openings at a certain
distance from either end. This barrel, is also susceptible of a reci-
procating action within another and outer barrel, which it is made to
fit accurately and concentric with that portion in which the piston.
works. At either end of this outer barrel are two series of circum-
ferential openings in communication with the suction and delivery
pipes respectively and corresponding in length with those already
referred to in the said inner barrel.

page_text: The action of the pump is as follows:-The piston being put in
motion is made to come in contact with certain projections provided
on the inner barrel at a short distance from the end of its (the piston's)
stroke; the said inner barrel is thereby caused to move with it. By
this means the openings which were during the preceding portion of the
stroke in communication with the delivery openings of said outer barrel
become closed thereto and open to the suction openings; as soon as
this takes place the pressure which has hitherto acted on the annular
surface at one end of said inner barrel in conjunction with the partial
vacuum at the other end is replaced by the partial vacuum of the
suction. The inner barrel then slides without the piston's aid until
the change of openings is completed. The piston immediately begins
to recede, and this action is repeated at the other end of the working
barrel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES ADAPTED FOR RAILROADS AND COMMON ROADS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claude Benoit Chardon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st October 1868.
I, CLAUDE BENOIT CHARDON, of No. 49, King William Street, in
the City of London, a Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE
ENGINES ADAPTED FOR RAILROADS AND COMMON ROADS," to be as follows:-
The novelty of this Invention consists in constructing the driving
wheels of locomotive engines with projecting pieces fixed to their
peripheries at equal distances asunder, so that as the wheels rotate
the said pieces shall operate in the same manner as the feet of a horse
in the act of drawing a load, the aforesaid projecting pieces being so
arranged that three of them are always in contact with the surface of
the road or way at one and the same time, and two always exerting
their leverage at one and the same time to draw the load. It is proposed
to couple the front and back driving wheels together by toothed gearing,
also if necessary to fix springs between each of the aforesaid projecting
pieces, the said springs, which are formed endless, nearly filling the

page_text: space between one projecting piece and the next, so that the outer
surface of the said springs shall describe a circle with the aforesaid
projecting pieces and be flush therewith. By the above means I prevent
slipping of the wheels on the surface on which they roll, and am enabled
to ascend steep gradients.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE VENTILATION OF SEWERS AND DRAINS AND THE. DISCHARGE OF NOXIOUS GASES THEREFROM, AND FOR PREVENTING THE INGRESS OF SUCH GASES TO HOUSES OR BUILDINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Brierley at the Office
of the Commissioners. of Patents,, with his Petition, on the 19th
December 1868..
I, JOSEPH BRIERLEY, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the naturo of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE VENTILATION OF SEWERS AND
DRAINS AND THE. DISCHARGE OF NOXIOUS GASES THEREFROM, AND FOR PREVENTING
THE INGRESS OF SUCH GASES TO HOUSES OR BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements. in the "traps" or vessel
usually placed between the "sink stone" or other point of discharge and
the sewer. The efficiency of this apparatus as now constructed is
entirely dependent on the discharge pipe being immersed in the water
contained in the "trap," and when so arranged such "trap" serves only
to prevent the entrance of noxious gas from the sewer to the house or
building, and does not in any way provide for the excape of the gas pent
up between the trap and the sewer.
A "trap" at all times perfectly "sealed" as between the houses or
buildings and the sewer, and providing ready escape for noxious gases

page_text: at a safe point of discharge, I construct as follows:-An earthenware
(or other material) vessel of cylindrical or other form having two branch
arms thereto, the one connected with the drain as usual and the other
above the highest water line in the trap, is connected with a "stain
pipe," or pipe specially arranged and employed for conducting the
noxious gases to a safe point of discharge. I prefer a pipe specially
arranged for the purpose of discharging the gases, and provided with a
receptacle for charcoal or other deodorant through which the said gases
pass on their way to the point of discharge. The lid or cover of the trap
is provided with a pipe of such length as at once ensures the proper
degree of immersion, it being no longer dependent on the care of the
workman; all that is required is, on the trap being fixed, the insertion
of the end of the "sink" or other pipe in the pipe attached to the lid of
the trap, which pipe is conical or bell-mouthed to facilitate introduction
of sink pipe into same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FINGER RINGS AND BRACELETS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Sherman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th October
1868..
I, JACOB SHERMAN; of New Road; Whitechapel, in the County of.
Middlesex, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FINGER RINGS AND BRACELETS," to be as follows:-
According to my Invention I. make finger rings in several parts or
hoops (preferably three in number),.each. hoop being. set with stones,-
which when the several parts of the ring are united' together will form
a cluster.. The design.may be varied. by changing, the relative positions -
of the hoops or parts of the ring. For instance, supposing, the cluster-
to consist of seven stones- arranged in. hexagonal form, the centre or
seventh stone would be set in the middle hoop of the three which con--
stitute the entire ring, the remainder of the stones being set in the
hoops on either side. In order to connect the hoops I prefer to provide-
them with one or more small projecting pins which enter corresponding
holes in the adjacent hoop or hoops for the purpose of keeping them in:
place when connected together. By forming a ring in parts, as above:

page_text: described, the design may be varied at pleasure, or the cluster ring
formed by the three hoops may be subdivided and worn on different
fingers, or by two or three different persons. Bracelets may also bo
similarly made in two or more parts for the purpose of varying their
form or design, or for wearing on both arms or otherwise..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AXLES OF THE WHEELS OF RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND OTHER AXLES AND DRIVING: SHAFTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodore Faucheux at the
Oflice of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1868.
I, THEODORE FAUCHEUX, of Caversham Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AXLES OF THE WHEELS OF
RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND OTHER AXLES AND DRIVING:
SHAFTS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention has for its objects the obtaining greater strength in
and affording the means of increasing the strength and duration of and!
diminishing the relative dead weight of axles of railway carriages,.
engines, trucks, and for ordinary vehicles, and driving shafts of:
machinery and other axles, and consists in the construction of axles.
and shafts by the combination of several pieces of iron, steel, or other
suitable metal, and is based on the principle of obtaining the maximum
tension or resistance of each separate piece, although grouped together
to obtain the required form; these picces vary in form and combination..
I place or group together in a tube of metal an uneven number of conic
segments of iron or steel, the internal angles or straight lines of which

page_text: are calculated so as to form a round body, the exterior lines of the conic
segments having a curve, such as will form a complete circle. The
diameter of the segments varies according to the number employed to
form the body, the number varying according to the required strength
of the axle. The thickness of the tube varies according to the required
strength of the axle. Two or more tubes may be used placed one over
the other according to the strength required. I can divide the body of
the tube or tubes into parts the length of each of which may vary, but
all the separate parts together form the same length as the axle. The
points of junction of the interior tubes are covered by the centres of the
exterior tubes. For some applications instead of employing an uneven
number of concs or segments I form an iron or steel nucleus or body of
the form of a cross, and cover it with one or more (as required) iron
or steel tubes of a diameter corresponding with that of the cross pieces
forming the cross; I cither leave the angular spaces empty or fill them
with segments according to the strength required. The covering tube
or tubes are made of a thickness and length according to the required
strength of the axle. Instead of using a tube or tubes a band or sheet
of iron, steel, or other suitable metal may be used rolled round the
segments and covering the whole. The thickness, width, and form of this
band may vary, and it may be wound round several times according to
requirement. The two ends of the axle in contact with the points of
support or of friction may be covered with a tube end, which may be
if required of the same form as the axle box or bearing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bowden; Mark Nield
Mills, and Benjamin Riley Mills at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd November 1868.
We, JOSEPH BOWDEN, of Bottoms, Staley, near Mossley, in the County
of Chester, Managing Carder, and MARK NIELD MILLS, and BENJAMIN
RILEY MILLS, both of the City of Manchester, Mechanics, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING
ENGINES FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,'
follows:-
"
Our improvements consist of certain mechanical arrangements for
preventing the waste of fibrous material, known as web, between the
doffer cylinder and the delivery rollers and before the web is made into
a sliver, that is to say, before passing through the trumpet mouth or
spoon in front of the draft rollers or calenders at the front of the carding
engine.
We propose to introduce a roller covered with card teeth between the
main cylinder and the doffer cylinder to prevent the accumulation of
fibres between the doffer and main cylinder, and thus to prevent the

page_text: clouding or uneven thicknesses in the web, which is the chief cause of
the web dropping or breaking between the doffer cylinder and the
delivery rollers or calender rollers.
We also propose to apply certain mechanical arrangements for
stopping the feed rollers and doffer when the web breaks between the
doffer cylinder and the draft rollers or calenders; to accomplish this we
make use of a funnel or spoon placed between the doffer and the draft
or calender rollers, and by which the web is formed into a sliver. The
funnel or spoon is connected to a balanced catch. When the web is
perfect the funnel or spoon is held near to the draft or calender rollers
by the pressure of the web, but when the web breaks the balanced catch
comes in contact with a vibrating finger, which by means of levers or
other agents unlatches the usual catch acting on the wheel or pulley
that drives the doffer, thereby instantly stopping the doffer and the
feed rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF ORNAMENTING WEARING APPAREL TERMED STAYS AND CORSETS OR RIDING BELTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Champness at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th January 1868.
I, WILLIAM CHAMPNESS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHOD OF ORNAMENTING WEARING APPAREL TERMED STAYS AND CORSETS
OR RIDING BELTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed to ornament certain portions of stays,
corsets, or riding belts so as to improve the appearance thereof and to
hide or cover the seams or lines of stitching.
The improvements consist in applying to the seam or other part a
covering of thin metal or bronze powder, and passing over such surface
a heated metal roller bearing a design or device in "relievo," so that
such design is transferred to the seam or the fabric, and if necessary
the part may be previously treated with an adhesive solution. This
application may be applied to some parts, such as "gussets," previously
or in the process of manufacture, but the seam covering designs can only
be applied after the corset is made.
AN IMPROVED LIQUID OR COMPOSITION FOR OILING OR GREASING WOOL AND OTHER TEXTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th November 1868.-A communication from abroad by Henry
de la Thibaudiere, of Paris, France.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED LIQUID OR COMPOSITION FOR OILING OR GREASING WOOL AND OTHER
TEXTILE MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an unctuons liquid product for oiling or
greasing wool, silk, jute, and other textile materials. The base of this
product is the common fucus (a kind of plant of the family of the
ficoidal cryptogames) collected in the form of grass on the sea coast,
and from which the fatty part and the soda which it contains are
extracted. The treatment is as follows:-I take 2 lbs. of fucus which
is well dressed and I boil it for about an hour in a vessel containing
about 80 quarts of water; I decant this mixture into a receiver, filtering

page_text: it through a sieve. I then take 34 parts of this fucus juice, 16 parts of
caustic soda of 7 to 9 degrees strength and 50 parts of good sweet oil,
olive oil, or colza oil; I agitate the mixture as the oil is being poured in.
I then stir the mixture well for about 25 minutes in order to saponify or
render fixed the unctuous product. The product may then be employed
for oiling or greasing wool or other textile material in the proportion of
from 10 to 20 parts to 100 lbs. of wool or other material. The root of
the mallow may be substituted for the fucus, but is not so good. The
proportions before given may be varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WRITSBANDS, CUFFS, COLLARS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OF. WEAR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Elliott Debenham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,. with his Petition, on
the 26th May 1868..
I, WILLIAM ELLIOTT DEBENHAM, of Massingham House, Haverstock
Hill, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WRITSBANDS, CUFFS, COLLARS, AND
OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OF. WEAR," to be as follows:
This Invention relates to certain improvements in wristbands, cuffs,.
collars, and other such like articles of wearing apparel, the object
being to afford a duplicate article or a reversible exterior. The ouff
should be attached to the band of the sleeve, along the middle or nearly
so, and the cuff should lie flat as in ordinary wear; then it may turn
or be reversed as on a hinge,.and that side which was previously exposed
will then be inside, and a new surface will be exposed in its stead.
One example is to attach to the band' at the extremity of the sleeve or
duplicate or double-ended wristband sewn thereto;; the wristband being
made in one piece in two or more layers of fabrics, and attached midway.
or across its centre line to the shirt band; by. these means, after one.
portion of the wristband has been exposed. to wear it may be. folded

page_text: back and the other part may be worn. Or if one portion is made
smaller than the other, such smaller portion may remain concealed and
protected by the larger, and afterwards the larger portion may be turned
back and the smaller part exposed. One entire surface of the double
cuff may be made of a fabric with a pattern or color thereon, and
another surface white, so as to present a variety of design.
The application of the arrangement to collars will easily be under-
stood; to the band of the collar, which may in the first instance consist
of a single layer of fabric, a piece of fabric is to be attached on each
side, one surface of which represents the exposed surface of one collar;
the other represents the interior surface of the duplicate collar; then
between these two layers I attach a third layer covering them completely
and forming a duplicate collar when the first one has been used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS APPARATUS OR FITTINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
¡Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th December
1868.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of Leo House, Addington Square, Margate, in the
County of Kent, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS APPARATUS OR
FITTINGS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct a cheap and handsome
gaslight pendant having no branches, weights, or side stays suitable for
halls and other places in lieu of the ordinary harp, elbow, and other
pendants either unsightly or of expensive construction.
I propose to construct the gallery or support for the glass with jointed
in lieu of rigid arms as hitherto practised, that is to say, I make the
three or more arms which radiate from the ring moveable simultaneously
in such a manner as to permit the glass to pass upwards on the pendant.
This is done by jointing the said arms either at their junction with the
ring or in their centres, such joints being so formed as not to permit
the outer portion of the arm to pass downwards lower than a horizontal
position, and the globe or glass will be passed on to the pendant from

page_text: below the pressure of its lower portion against the arms of the gallery,
will cause them to rise and assume an angular or even a vertical position,
thereby permitting the glass to pass up the pendant shaft until its rim
shall have passed above the ends of the arms which will then fall into
a horizontal position and form the gallery or support, the glass is then
secured thereon at its rim in the ordinary manner. One or more jets
may be used, the nipples being fastened on small elbow shaped burners
projecting from the pendant, and the effect of heat or smoke on this
pendant or shaft may be obviated by the use of one or more small
reflecting plates, flat, curved, or of any suitable shape fitted on to
said shaft a little above the burner or burners. Or the end of the
pendant might be tapped with screw and the gallery (the glass being
previously secured thereon) be screwed into or on to the bottom of the
pendant which may terminate in an ornamental knob to assist the
operation, but I prefer the plan first herein described.
It is now usual to fix covers of various kinds on to gas glasses. Such
covers may according to my Invention be passed on to the pendant with
the glass, allowance being made at their tops for the passage of the shaft
of the pendant through them. Or I may place two or more jointed
spurs or feathers on the shaft of the pendant acting precisely as described
in regard to the arms of the gallery to sustain the cover above, but
independently of the glass so that the breakage of the latter would not
affect the security of the former.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING THE TEETH OF WHEELS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Douglas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
April 1868.
I, CHARLES DOUGLAS, of the City of Edinburgh, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING THE
TEETH OF WHEELS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
In lieu of casting wheel teeth or of cutting them by the aid of
rotatory cutters shaped to correspond exactly to the space between
the adjoining teeth wherein a differently shaped cutter is required for
each differently numbered wheel of the same system, it is proposed
according to this Invention to use either annular or helical cutters
so shaped that one cutter will answer for all wheels of the same
pitch or distance between the teeth. The wheel to be cut is caused
cutter either by the operation
to revolve simultaneously with the
of the cutter itself or by extraneous means. When helical cutters
are used the wheel should be adjusted at a slight angle to the axis
of the cutting tool, and in some cases two of such cutting tools may
be simultaneously employed upon opposite sides of the diameter of

page_text: the same wheel. In the peculiar shape of tooth which I propose to
adopt in order that different sized wheels cut in this system may gear
truly with each other, the four portions of the outline of the tooth,
namely the portion extending from the centre of the top of the tooth
to the intersection of the pitch line with one side thereof, the portion
included between this intersection and the centre of the bottom of the
space and two corresponding portions on the opposite side of the tooth
should all be shaped exactly alike.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN COATINGS OR COVERINGS FOR PREVENTING THE FOULING TO WHICH SHIPS AND OTHER STRUCTURES ARE LIABLE IN SEA WATER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1868.
I, JAMES GRAY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN COATINGS OR COVERINGS FOR PREVENTING THE FOULING TO WHICH
SHIPS AND OTHER STRUCTURES ARE LIABLE IN SEA WATER," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the fouling of ships and other structures
in sea water, which fouling is principally caused by the adherence of
barnacles and other marine animals. These animals obtain and retain
their hold upon the surface of a ship's bottom by suction.
And the Invention consists in imparting a character to the ship's
surface that will render inoperative any attempts to obtain adhesion
by means of suction. The desired surface is to be obtained by applying
to the bottom or submerged surface of the ship or other structure
a coating or covering of a porous nature, which covering will be
permeated by the water and on which the marine animals will be unable

page_text: to form the vacuum without which the sucking action will be
ineffectual.
Various porous materials may be found suitable for the purposes
of this Invention, such as horsehair, cloth, wire gauze, felt, and various
kinds of fabrics made from fibrous materials. The coatings or coverings
of such porous materials are to be affixed by means of cement, or of
nails, or otherwise, and where fabrics made from fibrous materials
are employed it will be advantageous for the external fibres to be laid
in a longitudinal direction so as to cause the least frictional resistance
to the ship's motion through the water.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR TRANS- MITTING POWER AND MOTION
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th December 1868.-A communication from abroad by
Charles Cornelius Hull, of Williamsburgh, State of New York,
United States of America.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR TRANS-
MITTING POWER AND MOTION," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new and improved combination of
mechanical appliances whereby power is applied and transmitted in a.
very advantageous manner, and whereby rotary motion is obtained from
a pendulum motion for the propulsion of machinery and for other
purposes to which the combination is applicable.
Motion is imparted by a pendulum to a shaft by gear wheels:-The
cogs of these wheels engage with each other, and give the shaft a.
rocking motion. A working beam is keyed on this shaft, by which
motion is conveyed to a crank by a connecting rod. This crank

page_text: imparts a rotary motion to a fly wheel, the shaft of which is provided
with another crank to convey the power and motion to a duplicate
arrangement of parts by a connecting rod attached to another pendulum
by an adjustable connection. This pendulum is keyed on to a shaft, and
as it oscillates it imparts motion to a similar arrangement of parts to that
just described. Speed wheels, which may be varied in size and
multiplied in number, are employed to obtain any required speed for
driving machinery. The power and motion may be transmitted to
three or more sections of similar construction, which may be added to
any required extent.
STAMPING FORKS OR SPOONS OF STEEL, IRON, SILVER, OR ANY OTHER METAL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Challiner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
December 1868.
I, WILLIAM CHALLINER, of Winco Road, Grimesthorpe, in the Parish
of Sheffield, in the County of York, Fork Maker, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "STAMPING FORKS OR SPOONS OF STEEL, IRON,
SILVER, OR ANY OTHER METAL," to be as follows:-
For the formation of forks with handles, the steel, iron, or other metal
is first rolled into square rods of different thicknesses according to the
sizes of the forks required. The rods are then forged into what in the
trade are called moods; those moods are then placed in prints to form
the shanks and boulsters. After having been formed or shaped in the
prints they are placed in dies including prongs, shanks, and bolsters
of any pattern or design and stamped. This is done to secure uniformity
in the length of the shanks. The guard holes for carvers and cook
forks are stamped at the same time instead of the ordinary method
afterwards the bolsters are (except for small kinds of work) struck or
shaped in prints again to finish or make them into the required form; the
prongs are then cut with flies and cutters in the ordinary way. The

page_text: Invention consists in the stamping of the moods by means of dies,
including prongs, shank, and bolster and guard holes where required.
The stamping is done in the ordinary method by hand or by the
application of steam or other motive power. The form of the prong,
shank, and bolster may be sunk or formed either in the die or counter
die. After the forks have been stamped in the dies they are finished
off in the ordinary method with flies and cutters.