IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE EXTRACTION OF HYDROCARBURETS FROM MINERALS, IN THE DISTILLATION THEREOF, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE EXTRACTION OF HYDROCARBURETS FROM MINERALS, IN THE
DISTILLATION THEREOF, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN." -A com-
munication from abroad by Felix Alexandre Testud de Beauregard, of
Paris, France.
Sealed the 10th November 1868, and dated the 13th May 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th May 1863:
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRACTION OF HYDROCARBURETS FROM MINERALS, IN
THE DISTILLATION THEREOF, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the extraction of hydrocarburets from mineral
matters containing the same.
The process of distillation is based upon, first, the generation of steam, as
hereafter described; second, its mode of action, that is to say, the perfect
stability of its caloric and its speed uniformly distributed, as hereafter described;
third, the volume of dry or desaturated steam, (4180 volumes for 1 volume
of water,) which produces quantities of oil in proportion to the space occupied
by the steam; and, fourth, the employment of hydrogen and oxide of carbon
for heating the retorts or coils, by which means the caloric is uniformly distri-

page_text: buted, and may be increased or diminished by means of a tap, and by which
the steam is allowed as long a course as may be necessary under the same con-
ditions of heat, the loss produced by radiation being obviated,.all as hereafter
described.
The steam gathers in its passage a quantity of oil in proportion not to the
quantity of the steam but to the space passed over by it.
The apparatus for carrying out this Invention is constructed with the object
of obtaining the greatest possible extent (longevité) of action of the steam on
the matters under treatment on the one hand, and on the other its speed is
equal at all points, so that the calorific properties brought by the steam having
to undergo no diminution nor increase in speed there shall be thermometric
identity from the time of its admission up to the time of its exit, and that the
cooling due necessarily to the work of the steam shall be uniformly spread over
the whole apparatus; the loss of heat is easily compensated for by means of
inflamed hydrogen, the quantity of which should be varied in direct ratio to
the initial velocity of the steam. To attain this end I employ a coil or retort of
worm shape, which being of equal section throughout allows the caloric to be
uniformly distributed through it, and allows of the steam retaining the same
speed at all parts of its course in the apparatus, and as the steam acts in two
distinct manneis, viz., as a caloric vehicle and as a means of displacement,
these two properties are completely utilized by the form of the apparatus.
The apparatus is placed vertically, and at each bend of the worm is an air-tight
man-hole; the charging takes place through the upper and the emptying
through the lower man-holes; the serpentine coil or retort leads to a condenser
at the end of the apparatus placed over a receiver into which the distilled
matters fall as they become condensed. Rails are placed over the apparatus,
on which wagons containing the matters for supplying the retort run. .
are two cupolas or retorts for the production of hydrogen gas, from which unin-
flamed hydrogen is conveyed to any desired distance by forked tubes, and then
inflamed at the entrance of the flues. The tuyere for receiving the steam
which is to be decomposed in the cupolas is arranged so as only to leave the
exact quantity of oxygen necessary for maintaining the ignition of the fuel,
having regard to the calorific absorption due to the transformation of the steam
into fixed gases
The heavy matters and tars produced during the operation
are drawn off by taps at the bottom of the bends of the coil. When liquid
matters are being operated on, I add plungers working vertically in the coil or
retort
There

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th November 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRACTION OF HYDROCARBURETS -FROM
MINERALS, IN THE DISTILLATION THEREOF, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
(communicated to me from abroad by Felix Alexandre Testud de Beau-
regard, of Paris, France,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the extraction of hydrocarburets from mineral
manners containing the same.
The process of distillation is based upon, first, the generation of steam, as
hereafter described; second, its mode of action, that is to say, the perfect
stability of its caloric and its speed uniformly distributed, as hereafter described;
third, the volume of dry or desaturated steam, (4180 volumes for 1 volume of

page_text: water,) which produces quantities of oil in proportion to the space occupied by
the steam; and, fourth, the employment of hydrogen and oxide of carbon for
heating the retorts or coils, by which means the caloric is uniformly distributed,
and may be increased or diminished by means of a tap, and by which the
steam is allowed as long a course as may be necessary under the same con-
ditions of heat, the loss produced by radiation being obviated, all as hercaftor
described.
The steam gathers in its passage a quantity of oil in proportion not to the
quantity of the steam but to the space passed over by it.
The apparatus for carrying out this Invention is constructed with the object
of obtaining the greatest possible extent (longevité) of action of the steam on
the matters under treatment on the one hand, and on the other to equalize
its speed at all points, so that the calorific properties brought by the steam
having to undergo no diminution nor increase in speed there shall be
thermometric identity from the time of its admission up to the time of its
exit, and that the cooling due necessarily to the work of the steam shall
be uniformly spread over the whole apparatus; the loss of heat is easily
compensated for by means of inflamed hydrogen, the quantity of which
should be varied in direct ratio to the initial velocity of the steam. To
attain this end I employ a coil or retort of worm shape, which being of
equal section throughout allows the caloric to be uniformly distributed
through it, and allows of the steam retaining the same speed at all parts
of its course in the apparatus, and as the steam acts in two distinct
manners, vizt., as a caloric vehicle and as a means of displacement, these two
properties are completely utilized by the form of the apparatus. The apparatus
is placed vertically, and at each bend of the worm is an air-tight man-hole ;
the charging takes place through the upper and the emptying through the
lower man-holes; the serpentine coil or retort leads to a condenser at the end
of the apparatus placed over a receiver, into which the distilled matters fall as
they become condensed. Rails are placed over the apparatus, on which wagons
containing the matters for supplying the retort run. There are two cupolas
or retorts for the production of hydrogen gas, from which uninflamed
hydrogen is conveyed to any desired distance by forked tubes, and then
inflamed at the entrance of the flues. The tuyere for receiving the steam
which is to be decomposed in the cupolas is arranged so as only to leave the
exact quantity of oxygen necessary for maintaining the ignition of the fuel,
having regard to the calorific absorption due to the transformation of the steam
into fixed gases. The heavy matters and tars produced during the operation
are drawn off by taps at the bottom of the bends of the coil. When liquid

page_text: matters are being operated on I add plungers working vertically in the coil or
retort.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a plan, and Figure 2 an
elevation partly in section of an apparatus constructed according to this
Invention, and particularly adapted to the distillation of solid matters.
A, A, are the steam generators on their furnaces; B is a pipe connecting
the generators, and forming the means of supplying all the steam from the two
generators to either side at will; C is the serpentine coil or retort; D, the
entrance for the hydrogen to the flues E; F, F, are passages for carrying off
the products of combustion to the chimneys or flues; F', F", are passages for
leading the products of combustion from the superheating apparatuses to the
chimneys; G, G, are the man-holes; H, the condensers, and H', the receivers ;
I, I, are gratings for holding a small quantity of coal kept lighted by the
hydrogen; J, inclined planes with rails on which the wagons L for charging
the serpentine coil are run up to and down from horizontal rails J'; M, M,
are the cupolas or retorts for the production of hydrogen gas, and M', M',
receives with forked tubes for conveying it to any desired distance; N; N,
are superheating apparatuses supplying steam to the tuyeres of the cupolas or
retorts M; N', N₁, are other superheating apparatuses for raising the steam
to the temperature required for the distillation; O are taps for drawing off the
heavy matters and tars produced during the operation.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim extracting hydro-
carburets from minerals and distilling the same substantially by the means and
in apparatus constructed, arranged, and operating as herein-before described,
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three