IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bromley, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Soap Boiler, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SOAP."
Sealed the 27th June 1854, and dated the 8th April 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bromley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th April 1854.
I, THOMAS BROMLEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Soap Boiler,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SOAP " to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to a new combination of materials for the
manufacture of soap, consisting of the following proportions:-Eight parts of
palm oil, one part of resin, four parts of alkali; these, when converted into
soap, are removed from the pan and conveyed to the soap frames, where they
are mixed with eight parts of animal matter obtained from slaughtered cattle
of every description.
3
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Bromley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th October 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BROMLEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Soap Boiler, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Thomas Bromley, Her special licence that I, the said
Thomas Bromley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Thomas Bromley, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Thomas Bromley, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Bromley, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
I divide my Invention into three divisions.
First division. I take the cleansed offal of slaughtered animals from the
slaughter-houses, as fresh as they can be obtained, and to fifty-six pounds of
these offals put into a pan I add two gallons of clear lime water (two pounds
of unslacked lime to each gallon of water), which are boiled down to a fatty
matter by dry steam, or a moderate fire heat; this boiling throws off the
ammonia, and divests it of all impurities until it is fit for use.
Second division.-I then place into the pan the following materials:-Eight
pounds of fatty matter produced from the offals; eight pounds of bleached
palm oil, bone fat, tallow, or any animal or vegetable oil; four pounds of liquid
caustic soda or alkali, which is added by degrees; these are boiled with a
moderate heat until the saponification is completed; the mass is then removed
into the frame, and there well "crutched" or mixed until it is firmly settled.
Under this division I propose to vary the quantities used, if I desire to increase
or decrease the cleansing power of the soap.
Third division. I refine or bleach the oil and grease employed in the process,
as shown in the Drawing annexed hereto, by means of iron or wood vats.

page_text: The description of the Drawing is a follows:-
A 1, A 2, and A 3, are three vats of equal size, under which are placed a tier
of bricks below each other so as to give a fall. I commence with A 1, when
water is admitted by water pipe B, until it reaches the water level D, when oil
grease
is filled to oil level E. When the oil or grease is boiled by dry steami
by worm and steam pipe C for about three hours, thereby freeing the oil or
fatty matter from the colouring and other impurities, a stream of water is then
gradually let in by pipe B, which causes the oil or fatty matter to flow through
the spout F without labor into vat A2; thus the whole fatty matter or oil in
a liquid state is forced from vat A 1 to vat A 2; the foul matter is then dis-
charged by tap G from vat A 1, when the like process is repeated in vat 2,
wherein it obtains a second refining, and in like manner in vat A 3, when
the oil or fatty matter is ready for use in making the combination.
I claim, first, the extraction from the entrails of sheep, lambs, or other
animals, oil or fat, a primitive element for the manufacture of soap.
Secondly, the deodorising of such entrails, for the purpose of obtaining such
oil or fat free from unpleasant odour or smell.
Thirdly, the mode by which the same is mixed with the caustic soda or
alkali.
And I claim, lastly, the bleaching of such oils by the process mentioned
in the Drawings; but I do not confine myself to any given quantity of the
materials specified, as the relative quantities have to be varied to suit different
kinds of soap.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bromley, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Seventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
GEORGE HOW.
THOMAS BROMLEY. (L.S.)