Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres and Valves therefor.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd May, 1899 -Accepted, 8th July, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres and Valves
therefor.
I, EDWARD SAUNDERS RONEY, of 463, College Street, in the City of Toronto,
in the County of York and Province of Ontario, Canada, Merchant Tailor, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement and accompanying drawings:-
The object of my invention is:--First to devise a strong, durable
and easily repaired tyre, Second-to provide means for locating punctures
therein, and Third-to devise an easy working air tight valve therefor.
With this object in view my invention consists: First of a canvas strengthened
main tyre at its rim side formed integral with or secured to an outer cover having
one edge cemented to the rim, and its other edge enlarged or provided with a
hook adapted to engage a projection or hook formed on the rim, Second-of a
band of very thin black rubber located between the tyre and cover, the tyre
being preferably of whitened rubber, and Third-of a valve comprising a stem
and rubber faced flange formed thereon, a spindle extending through the stem
and provided with a rubber faced disk, means being provided to draw the disk
and Hange together by spring pressure, and to prevent the former turning, and
means whereby they may be clamped together when the tyre has been pumped up,
to prevent the escape of air, the whole being constructed in detail substantially
as hereinafter more specifically described and then definitely claimed.
Figure 1, is a cross-section showing my tyre in position on the rim and fully
inflated.
Figure 2, is a similar view showing the tyre partly deflated and the outer
cover disconnected from the rim at one side.
Figure 3, is a perspective view of a portion of the tyre deflated and showing
the method of locating the puncture.
Figure 4, is a cross-section of the tyre showing the valve.
Figure 5, is an enlarged sectional elevation of the valve.
Figure 6, is a perspective view of the valve with the washer, nut and cap
removed.
Figure 7, is a cross section of a modification of the tyre.
In the drawings like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the
different figures.
A, is the rim, which is preferably crescent shape, but formed with a hook or
projection B, at one side thereof, which hook or projection may be either integral
with or secured to the rim.
C. is the cover of the tyre, which is formed either wholly of rubber, or else
provided with a lining of light canvas or other fabric. One edge of this cover
is cemented at a to the rim, and the other edge provided with an enlargement
or hook which may be engaged with the hook or projection B, on the rim.
1), is the main tyre, which preferably strengthened with one or more thick-

page_text: nesses of canvas or other suitable fabric, and is either formed integral with or
suitably cemented to the outer cover at the rim side, as indicated by the dotted
line c in Figs. 1 and 2. In Fig. 7, I show the main tyre separate from the cover,
and the projection B, instead of being formed integral with the rim, is cemented
thereto, and preferably formed integral with the cover C. Located between the
main tyre and the cover is a band of very thin elastic rubber E, which I call
the puncture locater. The edge of this band opposite to the detachable edge of
the cover is suitably secured either to the main tyre or the cover. The surface
of the main tyre is preferably formed of white rubber similar to that of which
whitened elastic bands are made. The puncture locater on the contrary, is
preferably formed of black rubber. I find that when the stiffened main tyre
is perforated by a sharp point, that a very white mark appears on the surface of
the rubber where the point has penetrated. Further before the point can pene-
trate the main tyre, it must first penetrate the puncture locater. By raising the
edge of the outer cover, as indicated in Fig. 3, and stretching the puncture
locater, the hole in the latter becomes apparent, and the white puncture mark on
the main tyre is immediately visible through the hole in the puncture locater.
Having described this portion of my invention, I will briefly set out its
advantages, and how it differs from those in general use. I claim that my tyre
possesses greater durability, strength and simplicity than any now in the market.
As the inner tube forms the main tyre, and takes most of the air pressure, the
strain on the cover is very much less than in ordinary double tube tyres, and
there exists no tendency whatever for its hooked edge to pull out of engagement
with the hook on the rim, and even if it did so, the inner tube cannot blow out
or burst, as it possesses all the strength of an ordinary single tube tyre. A com-
paratively small portion of the strain being borne by the cover, it is in the best
condition to resist puncture, as stretched rubber. becomes of a somewhat porous
nature, and is very easily penetrated by sharp points.
In practice it will be found desirable to make the main tyre a somewhat loose
fit within the cover when the tyre is deflated, so that a good deal of the pressure
will be taken up by the main tyre before any pressure whatever comes upon the
cover.
This tyre being cemented to the rim, it is absolutely impossible for it to roll
or creep, and it thus possesses all the advantages of the single tube tyre, with
none of its disadvantages, for as it is provided with an outer cover it is possible
to repair it by patches applied to the outside of the main tyre as in the ordinary
double tube tyre, and at the same time it possesses none of the disadvantages of
the double tube tyre in which all the strain of the air pressure is on the outer
cover, tending to tear it away from the rim, or else to split the latter.
When the tyre is fully inflated the hook is securely held in engagement with
the hook B, and a very round clean tyre is obtained, fitting close to the rim at
either side. When tyres become punctured, and it is desired to find the spot, it
is simply necessary to open the edge of the cover, and slightly stretch the puncture
locater as previously described, working gradually around the tyre until the puncture
locater has been stretched over every portion of the surface of the inner main
tyre; when the puncture is reached it will be indicated as already described.
It will be found in practice that no matter how "slow" the puncture is, it
can be found and repaired in two minutes without the aid of water, and without
any exertion beyond the powers of an eight year old child, and without soiling the
hands.
It will be found that this tyre will stand more pressure than any double tube
tyre in the world, and is very suitable for use on sulkies or other heavy vehicles,
as no jack is needed to raise the vehicle when it is desired to repair a puncture.
By simply walking forward the horses every portion of the tyre can be brought
to a point convenient for examination as above described.
With my tyre I use a valve which, while very easy to operate, can be made
entirely air-proof when the tyre is in use. F, is a hollow valve stem provided

page_text: at its inner end with a flange H. I, is a rod extending through the hollow stem,
and provided at its upper end with a disk J. Secured to the flange H, is a ring e
of rubber or other suitable packing material. f is a disk of similar material
cemented or otherwise secured to the underside of the disk J. This disk is pre-
ferably of smaller diameter than the ring e, so that when the two are pressed
together the edges of the disk sink into the substance of the ring. It is found
that when two disks of similar diameter are pressed together that their edges
tend to curve outward, affording an entrance point for air under pressure. By
constructing the disk and ring as indicated, I entirely obviate this difficulty.
The outer end of the rod I, is screw-threaded so that a similarly threaded cap K,
may be screwed thereon. This cap is provided with a flange d which engages
the end of the hollow.stem F. It is found that by screwing this cap, the disk
and the flange H, may be drawn tightly together, and the disk f and the ring e
caused to form an air-tight joint as previously described. Formed on or secured
to opposite sides of the disk J, are projections 9, one or more of which are provided
with downwardly projecting spikes h. Formed on or secured to opposite sides
of the flange H, are projections having holes formed therein, into which the
spikes enter as indicated. L, is a rubber band passing under the projections
and crossed over the top of the disk J. More than one rubber band may be used
if desired, and they may be engaged in any desired way with the projections to
accomplish the result desired, which is to normally tend to draw the disk and
flange together with a spring pressure. This rubber band tends to prevent the
disk J, from turning on the flange H, when the cap K, is screwed up, and in
most cases it will be found sufficient for that purpose, but the spikes h are pre-
ferably used in addition. In order to connect the valve to the tyre I insert the .
stem through a hole in the same, place a washer M, over the stem and screw up
tightly the nut N, which is threaded to engage the large threaded portion ; of
the stem F. The underside of the flange H, is preferably provided with an
annular recess k as shown, into which the rubber of the tyre is forced, thus making
the connection between the valve and the tyre absolutely air-tight. The inside
of the end of the valve stem is preferably threaded for engagement with an air
pump. When pumping up the tyre the disk J, lifts slightly and permits air
to enter the tyre, the rubber spring L, closing it on the return stroke of the
air pump. It will be found that the valve operates so easily that a small boy or
girl can pump up the tyre with a small hand pump with the greatest possible
ease. When the tyre is pumped up by screwing up the cap as previously de-
scribed the valve can be made absolutely air-tight. By unscrewing the cap
and pressing with it upon the end of the rod I, the disk J, may be lifted and the
tyre deflated at any time.
'
It will be noted that in Fig. 7, the rim is crescent shaped with one of the
horns of the crescent cut down, the hook or projection on the cemented edge of
the cover substantially completing the crescent. If the rim were not so cut away
the hook or projection would give the inner tire an uneven bed to lie on unless
the cemented edge of the cover were thickened at the edge of the rim opposite
the hook which is objectionable on the score of weight.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim as my invention is:-
1. In a tyre a rim and a canvas strengthened main tyre in combination with
a cover having one edge cemented to the rim and its other edge provided with
an enlargement or hook adapted to engage a hook or projection formed on or
connected to the rim, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2. In a tyre a crescent shaped rim having one horn cut down substantially
flat and a canvas strengthened main tyre, in combination with a cover having one
edge cemented to the rim and its other edge provided with an enlargement or

page_text: hook adapted to engage a hook-or projection formed. integral with the cemented
edge of the cover, the said hook or projection substantially completing the crescent
of the rim, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
.
3. In a tyre a crescent shaped rim.having one.horn cut down substantially flat,
and an inner tube in combination with a cover having 'one edge cemented to the
rim, and its other edge provided with an enlargement or hook adapted to engage
a hook or projection formed integral with the cemented edge of the cover, the
Enid. hook or projection substantially. completing the crescent of the rim, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose specified.
4. In a tyre a rim and a canvas strengthened main tyre, in combination with
a cover having one edge cemented to the rim and its other edge provided with
ineans for detachably holding it in place to cover the main tyre, substantially
as and for the purpose specified.
5. In a tyre a main tyre and a cover which may be opened to expose the main
tyre, in combination with a thin band of rubber secured at one edge to the tyre
or cover, and located between them, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
6. In a tyre a main tyre having its surface of white rubber and a cover which
may be opened to expose the main tyre, in combination with a thin band of
black rubber secured at one edge to the tyre or cover and located between them,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
7. In a tyre a canvas strengthened main tyre having its surface formed of white
rubber, in combination with a. cover which may be opened to expose the main
tyre, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
8. In a tyre a valve comprising a hollow valve stem; and a flange formed on or
connected to the head of the said stem, in combination with a rod
extending through the said hollow stem; a disk connected to the said rod above the
aforesaid flange; projections extending out from the flange and disk; one or
more elastic bands engaging the said projections and tending to draw the disk
and flange together and also to prevent them turning upon one another, and
means engaging the outer ends of the stem and rod whereby the disk and flange
may be tightened together, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
9. In a tyre a valve comprising a hollow valve stem, a flange formed on or
connected to the head of the said stem, and a ring of packing secured to the upper
surface of the said flange, in combination with a rod extending through the said
hollow stem; a 'disk connected to the said rod above the aforesaid flange; a disk
of packing of less diameter than the aforesaid ring secured to the underside of
the said disk on the rod projections extending out from the flange and disk;
one or more elastic bands engaging the said projections and tending to draw the
disk and flange together, and also to prevent them turning one upon another,
and means engaging the outer ends of the stem and rod whereby the disk and
flange may be tightened together, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
10. In a tyre a valve comprising a hollow valve stem and a flange formed on
or connected to the head of the said stem, in combination with a rod extending
through the said hollow stem; a disk connected to the said rod above the afore-
said flange a projection from each side of the disk and flange one of the pro-
jections on the disk or flange being provided with a spike adapted to enter a suit-
able hole in the corresponding projection on the flange or disk; one or more
elastic bands adapted to draw the flange and disk together; and means engaging
the outer ends of the stem and rod whereby the disk and flange may be tightened
together, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
11. In a tyre a valve comprising a hollow valve stem; a flange formed on or
connected to the head of the said stem; and a ring of packing secured to the
upper surface of the said flange, in combination with a rod extending through
the said hollow stem; a disk connected to the said rod above the aforesaid flange;
a disk of packing of less diameter than the aforesaid ring secured to the under-
side of the said disk on the rod, one or more elastic bands engaging the disk

page_text: and flange, and tending to draw them together, and means engaging the outer
ends of the stem and rod whereby the disk and flange may be tightened together,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
5 way.
For the Applicant,
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents, 5, John Dalton Street, Manchester.