IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WASHING CLOTHES & OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR CHURNING BUTTER
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Raynor, John Harrison, and William Glendenning,
of Hunslet, in the Borough of Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention
of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WASHING CLOTHES & OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR CHURNING BUTTER."
Sealed the 19th January 1877, and dated the 12th August 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Raynor, Jolin
Harrison, and William Glendenning at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 12th August 1876.
GEORGE RAYNOR, JOHN HARRISON, and WILLIAM GLENDENNING, of Hunslet, in
the Borough of Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
WASHING CLOTHES & OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR CHURNING
BUTTER."
This Invention relates to that mode of washing which is done in a round
cylindrical wash tub by the aid of a stamper, dasher, or twister, which are on the
principle of beating, stamping, or twisting the clothes in said wash tub often at a
great expense caused, in the destruction of clothes, and time and labour during
washing.
TIE
"
1191

page_text: have on such flat surface projections of some given shape, or ribs which may be
affixed thereto in a convenient way, or rings perforated with holes in a lateral
direction and fixed either on or on the outside of the flat surface; or a hollow cavity
may take the place of a plane flat surface having an air channel or tube through
the centre of the air vessel, and communicating with the atmosphere on the outside
which is for the purpose of conveying any air from off the face of the air vessel to
the atmosphere outside.
In our experiments we found a little drawback by the presence of air on the flat
surface of the air vessel which accumulated in the concavities formed by the circular
rings, we therefore invented air channels or grooves to convey the air away in a
lateral direction or even upward through the centre of the air vessel; we found
also, provided we made grooves through the rings, a little water escaped to the
outside, which assisted in turning over and dispersing the clothes in the tub,
thereby causing fresh surfaces of clothes to come under the influence of the washer.
In making our "washer" we make said air vessel in the form of a bell or cone,
or it may be made a hemisphere or pyrimid or some such suitable shape having a
flat surface on the base, to which we fix suitable projections or ribs or rings. The
projections may be round or square, and fixed thereto in a series of rows, or if ribs
they may be made either straight or circular, and fixed thereto parallel to each
other or cross each other at angles, or radiate from the centre, or if rings they must
have holes perforated through in a lateral direction and fixed on the periphery or
on the outside of the base of the washer or the flat surface on the base of the
washer may be left quite plane. The intervening spaces between the ribs or pro-
jections serve as air channels, while the ring is perforated with holes in a lateral
direction to convey away the accumulated air to the outside, and in each method
of fixing either projections or ribs or rings, we make arrangements for removing the
air and projecting a stream or streams of water laterally to assist in bringing other
portions of the clothes within the influence of the washer. The washer is a hollow
air vessel made impervious to water, and on the apex of the washer we fix a socket
for the reception of the handle, or we make other fittings to attach it to some
motive power.
We make our "washer" of sheet copper, or tin, or brass, or other suitable
material, but if made of wood, or fibre, or other material of a suitable substance,
the air vessel can be retained or not according to discretion.
to
The washer is used in a tub of a cylindrical form, having the upper end open
the atmosphere in the method commonly in use; the washer is lifted up and
down in said tub vertically, and while it is entering the water the air escapes
through the channels or grooves to the atmosphere, and as soon as it quite enters
the water then a little water escapes laterally through the air channels and is pro-
jected on the loose clothes that float in the water, assisting to bring other surfaces
to be washed while the main body of the water is held by the ribs, rings, or pro-
jections, and forced downwards among the clothes; during the upward stroke of the
washer its effect on the clothes appears nearly neutral, except so far as might be
expected from any such substance lifted up out of the water.
The "washer" is pulled quite out of the water every upward stroke; this is very
important, because it gives greater power in the washer to force down the water
among the clothes when it returns on the downward stroke.
It is evident that various forms may be derived from the principle of our washer,
and each form may be adapted to some practical purpose.
1st. A washer with a plain surface on the base would wash surfaces of a hard
texture.
2. With a perforated ring or rings it would wash soft and delicate material.
3. With a series of ribs either parallel to each other or crossing each other at
angles, or radiating from the centre, it would be useful as a general washer.
4. Two or more of these washers combined together and worked by suitable

page_text: eive that a
tr
washer" as we prefer to call it ought to have the following
D. It should wasn clean.
6. It should be cheap and substantial.
We accomplish all this more or less in our Invention, which is based on. the
principle of an air vessel made hollow within but altogether impervious to water,
having a plane flat surface on some part thereof which may remain plain or may
have on such flat surface projections of some given shape, or ribs which may be
affixed thereto in a convenient way, or rings perforated with holes in a lateral
direction and fixed either on or on the outside of the flat surface, or a hollow cavity
may take the place of a plane flat surface having an air channel or tube through
the centre of the air vessel, and communicating with the atmosphere on the outside,
which is for the purpose of conveying any air from off the face of the air vessel to
the atmosphere outside.
In our experiments we found a little drawback by the pressure of air on the
flat surface of the air vessel which accumulated in the concavities formed by the
circular rings, we therefore invented air channels or grooves to convey the air away
in a lateral direction or even upward through the centre of the air vessel; we found
also provided we made grooves through the rings a little water escaped to the
outside, which assisted in turning over and dispersing the clothes in the tub, thereby
causing fresh surfaces of clothes to come under the influence of the washer.
In making our washer we make said air vessel in the form of a bell or cone, or it
may be made a hemisphere, or pyramid, or some such suitable shape, baving a flat
surface on the base to which we fix suitable projections or ribs or rings; the pro-
jections may be round or square, and fixed thereto in a series of rows, or if ribs
they may be made either straight or circular, and fixed thereto parallel to each
other or cross each other at angles or radiate from the centre, or if rings they must
have holes perforated through in a lateral direction and fixed on the periphery or
on the outside of the base of the washer, or the flat surface on the base of the
washer may be left quite plane. The intervening spaces between the ribs or pro-
jections serve as air channels, while the ring is perforated with holes in a lateral
direction to convey away the accumulated air to the outside, and in each method of
fixing either projections, or ribs, or rings, we make arrangements for removing the

page_text: air and projecting a stream or streams of water laterally to assist in bringing other
portions of the clothes within the influence of the washer. The washer is a hollow
air vessel made impervious to water, and on the apex of the washer we fix a socket
for the reception of the handle, or we make other fittings to attach it to some motive
power.
We make our "washer" of sheet copper, or tin, or brass, or other suitable
material, but if made of wood, or fibre, or other material of a suitable substance, the
air vessel can be retained or not, according to discretion.
The washer is used in a tub of a cylindrical form having the upper and open to
the atmosphere in the method commonly in usc; the washer is lifted up and down
in said tub vertically, and while it is entering the water the air escapes through
the channels or grooves to the atmosphere, and as soon as it quite enters the water
then a little water escapes laterally through the air channels and is projected on the
loose clothes that float in the water, assisting to bring other surfaces to be washed
while the main body of the water is held by the ribs, rings, or projections, and
forced downwards among the clothes during the upward stroke of the washer; its
effect on the clothes appears nearly neutral except so far as might be expected from
any such substance lifted up out of the water.
The washer is pulled nearly or quite out of the water every upward stroke; this
is very important because it gives greater power in the washer to free itself from
any incumbrance and to force down the water among the clothes when it returns
on the downward stroke.
It is evident that various forms may be derived from the principle of our washer,
and each form may be adapted to some pratical purpose.
1st. A washer with a plain surface on the base would wash surfaces of a hard :
texture.
2nd. With a perforated ring or rings it would wash soft and delicate material.
3. With a series of ribs either parallel to each other or crossing each other at
angles or radiating from the centre, it would be useful as a general washer.
4. Two or more of these washers combined together and worked by suitable
motive power would be suitable to wash clothes on a large scale, and applicable for
the use of the army or the navy, or for any large washing establishment.
It will be obvious from the foregoing that the shape of our washer may be varied
in many ways without departing from the main principles above set forth, we have
however for illustration exhibited three forms in the Drawing.
In these Fig. 1 is a section of a conical air chamber A with a flat base having a
rim B round it, in which are holes or divisions C at the top to let out air and
lateral streams of water.
Fig. 2 is a section of a flat bottomed washer on which are projections D, and in
which is a hollow chamber E through which the air escapes through holes G and H;
A as before is the air chamber.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a form of washer in which there are a series of hollow
ribs crossing each other at right angles with apertures for air to escape.
Figs. 4 and 5 exemplify other forms.
Having now described our Invention, and the best modes known to us of
carrying it into effect, we desire to be understood that we lay no claim for the
principle of using an air vessel for buoyancy in a washer, but what we do believe to
be now and desire to protect by the herein-before in part rocited Letters Patent
is,-
1st. A washer or dasher for the purposes described, so constructed with an air
chamber or otherwise that while taking a firm hold of the water any air that may
collect under it can escape through air ducts or holes instead of remaining during
the descent and taking off from the effect by acting as a cushion.
2nd. Arranging a washer or dasher for the purposes described with a flat, corru-
gated, uneven, or concave or convex under surface capable of obtaining a firm grasp
of the water by its concavity by rims, ridges, or otherwise, and with lateral channel

page_text: holes, ducts, or other passages through which the water can squirt out sideways
during the descent of the washer.
3. The special arrangements of washer, substantially as shown and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Raynor, John Harrison, and William
Glendenning, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventh day of
February, in the year of our Lord 1877.
GEORGE RAYNOR.
JOHN HARRISON.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)
Witness,
WILLIAM SMITH GODMAN,
W. P. Thompson's Patent Office,
6, Lord Street,
Liverpool.
WILLIAM GLENDENNING. (L.S.)