Im- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WINDING ELECTRO-MAGNETS WITH INSULATED WIRES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Conrad William Cooke, of No. 190, Westminster
Bridge Road, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WINDING ELECTRO-MAGNETS WITH INSULATED
WIRES."
Sealed the 11th November 1873, and dated the 27th May 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Conrad William Cooke
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th May 1873.
I, CONRAD WILLIAM COOKE, of No. 190, Westminster Bridge Road,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WINDING ELECTRO-MAGNETS
WITH INSULATED WIRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus for winding on bars of iron or
other cores coils of insulated wire for the purpose of producing electro-
magnets. In many cases such bars of iron or cores instead of being
straight and cylindrical are curved in outline and irregular in section.

page_text: My improved apparatus is more particularly applicable in such cases
when the bar or core to be coiled upon cannot be made to revolve so as
to wind the insulated wire thereon.
I provide a sheave made in halves or parts, with a hole in the middle
thereof, suited to the section of the bar or core on which the wire is to
be coiled. I clamp this sheave on the said bar or core by bolts or keys
which hold its parts together. The sheave is fitted with a band like
that of an ordinary eccentric, such band having arms projecting from it
on which are mounted bobbins containing the wire or wires to be coiled,
such bobbins having friction springs with adjusting screws to give them
the necessary tightness and give the wire the required tension. The
wire is led from any one of these bobbins over metallic guide pullies
mounted on the arms, these pullies being so arranged that the insulated
wire in passing over them shall have all parts of its pheriphery brought
in contact with the metal of the pullies, so that if any part should be
defective in insulation contact will be made from the wire to one or
other of the pulleys and thence, as I will presently describe, to testing
apparatus. The eccentric band with its arm or arms being moved round
the fixed sheave causes the wire or wires to be coiled on a certain width
of the core or bar at the side of the sheave. This portion having been
coiled the sheave is shifted along the bar or core, and another portion is
wound either with a continuation of the same wire or with a separate
wire as may be required. When the same wire has to be coiled
continuously the sheave instead of being clamped firmly on the core or
bar may be made to travel along it without rotation, so as to coil the
wire helically thereon. The sheave may have ratchet teeth and the
band may be provided with a pawl to permit the winding in the one
direction but to prevent unwinding by turning in the opposite direction.
In order to test the insulation of the wire as it is being coiled I
connect the end of the part already coiled to one pole of a battery, and
I connect the sheave above described to the other pole of the battery,
interposing at any convenient part of the circuit a bell, galvanometer,
or other instrument for showing the passage of an electrical current
either directly or by relay so as to act as a fault indicator. From this
arrangement it will be seen that if any non-insulated portion of the wire
should pass over the guide pullies contact will be made so that an
electrical current will pass through the circuit of the battery and
indicating instrument which will then shew the defect of insulation.

page_text: As the defect of insulation may be very minute so that only a very
feeble current is permitted to pass the indicator, I prefer to operate the
latter by relay in the following manner:-In the circuit above described
I mount a galvanometer needle between coils so that it can be deflected
by a very feeble current. An arm from this needle when it is deflected
makes contact, whereby a more powerful current or a current suitable
for ringing a bell is brought into play for operating the fault indicator.
When two wires are being coiled two fault indicators which may be
bells of different tones may be employed in order to give distinctive
signals of any fault in either wire. And in this case the relay needle
above described may by suitable commutators be made to operate the
one signal when it is deflected in the one direction owing to a fault in
the one wire, and to operate the other signal when it is deflected in the
opposite direction owing to a fault in the other wire.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Conrad William Cooke in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 27th November 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CONRAD
WILLIAM COOKE, of No. 190, Westminster Bridge Road, in the County
of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Conrad William Cooke,
Her special license that I, the said Conrad William Cooke, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Conrad William Cooke, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WINDING ELECTRO-MAGNETS
WITH INSULATED WIRES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,

page_text: the said Conrad William Cooke, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, said Conrad William Cooke, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :--
This Invention relates to apparatus for winding on bars of iron or
other cores coils of insulated wire for the purpose of producing electro-
magnets. In many cases such bars of iron or cores instead of being
straight and cylindrical are curved in outline and irregular in section.
My improved apparatus is more particularly applicable in such case
when the bar or core to be coiled upon cannot be made to revolve so as
to wind the insulated wire thereon.
I provide a sheave made in halves or parts with a hole in the middle
thereof, suited to the section of the bar or core on which the wire is to
be coiled. I clamp this sheave on the said bar or core by bolts or keys
which hold its parts together. The sheave is fitted with a band like
that of an ordinary eccentric, such band having arms projecting from it
on which are mounted bobbins containing the wire or wires to be coiled,
such bobbins having friction springs with adjusting screws to give them
the necessary tightness and give the wire the required tension. The wire
is led from any one of these bobbins over metallic guide pullies mounted
on the arms, these pullies being so arranged that the insulated wire in
passing over them shall have all parts of its periphery brought in contact
with the metal of the pullies, so that if any part should be defective in
insulation contact will be made from the wire to one or other of the
pullies and thence, as I will presently describe, to testing apparatus.
The eccentric band with its arm or arms being moved round the fixed
sheave causes the wire or wires to be coiled on a certain width of the
core or bar at the side of the sheave. This portion having been coiled

page_text: the sheave is shifted along the bar or core, and another portion is wound
either with a continuation of the same wire or with a separate wire, as
may be required. When the same wire has to be coiled continuously,
the sheave instead of being clamped firmly on the core or bar may be
made to travel along it without rotation, so as to coil the wire helically
thereon. The sheave may have ratchet teeth and the band may be
provided with a pawl to permit the winding in the one direction but to
prevent unwinding by turning in the opposite direction.
In order to test the insulation of the wire as it is being coiled I
connect the end of the part already coiled to one pole of a battery, and
I connect the sheave above described to the other pole of the battery,
interposing at any convenient part of the circuit a bell, galvanometer, or
other instrument for shewing the passage of an electrical current
either directly or by relay so as to act as a fault indicator. From this
arrangement it will be seen that if any non-insulated portion of the wire
should pass over the guide pullies contact will be made so that an
electrical current will pass through the circuit of the battery and
indicating instrument which will then shew the defect of insulation.
As the defect of insulation may be very minute so that only a very
feeble current is permitted to pass the indicator, I prefer to operate the
latter by relay in the following manner:-In the circuit above described
I mount a galvanometer needle between coils so that it can be deflected
by a very feeble current. An arm from this needle when it is deflected
makes contact, whereby a more powerful current or a current suitable for
ringing a bell is brought into play for operating the fault indicator.
When two wires are being coiled two fault indicators which may be
bells of different tones may be employed in order to give distinctive
signals of any fault in either wire. And in this case the relay needle
above described may by suitable commutators be made to operate the
one signal when it is deflected in the one direction owing to a fault in
the one wire, and to operate the other signal when it is deflected in the
opposite direction owing to a fault in the other wire.

page_text: form, but which may be of other forms. S is a sheave made in two
parts and clamped on the core C by the screws 8, 8. This sheave is
made with recessed ratchet teeth t round its pheriphery, as shewn by
the section Fig. 3. A band B like the band of an eccentric is fitted
to revolve round the sheave S, and from each half of the band projects an
arm A carrying the wire bobbins G and guide pullies P. The bobbins G
are made to have adjustable spring friction so as to give the desired
tension to the wires W, which are led from them over the guide pullies
to the core. A spring pawl p is mounted on the band B to prevent
the band from turning backwards and so slackening the wire already
wound on the core.
For winding the first coil or portion of coil a clamp H of which a
front view is shown at Fig. 4 is fixed on the core, and the sheave S being
also clamped on the core the coil wound on the core is confined to the
space between the sheave and the clamp H. When this portion has
been coiled the sheave is shifted farther along the core, and a fresh coil
or portion of coil is wound in the space left between the sheave and the
coil or portion of coil previously wound. And in this manner wire may
be coiled in portions step by step on a core of any required length. In
the case where the core instead of being a straight bar is bent round
into a horse-shoe shape or into the form of a complete ring as in the
dynamo-electric apparatus known as Gramme's, a like process of winding
is carried on. When a ring is thus coiled the sheave having been
brought round it step by step, is finally clamped in the position occupied
in the first place by the clamp H which is removed, after which if a
second layer of coil be required a sheave is substituted having a hole
corresponding in form to that of the coil already wound, as for example
that indicated by the dotted line c, Fig. 1.
It may be readily understood that by suppressing one of the arms A
or bobbins G, a single wire may be wound, or that additional arms
with the guide pullies and bobbins might be employed to wind more
than two wires.
It will be seen that the guide pullies P are so arranged that the wire
in passing over them exposes all sides to their surfaces. The sheave or
the core which is in metallic contact with it, and with the guide pullies,
being connected by an electric conductor to one pole of a battery, while
the end of the wire already wound on the core is connected to the other

page_text: pole, should any fault of insulation occur in any portion of the wire as it
passes over the guide pullies or round the core, a current of electricity will
pass through the circuit thus completed, and an electro-meter or electric
alarm of any known kind placed in the circuit will indicate such defect
of insulation. The relay which I prefer to employ in connection with
such electro-meter or alarm is constructed so as to serve for the winding
of two wires, and to give one alarm or indication if the fault should be in
the one wire, and a different alarm or indication if it should be in the
other wire, by bringing into action one or other of two circuits, each
provided with a bell or other indicator.
Fig. 5 represents a front view of the relay commutator with a
diagrammatic view of its electrical connections. N is a polarized needle
mounted on knife edges between two coils O and O¹, and delicately
balanced in its horizontal position by a weighted arm n. Another arm with
a platinum wire զ fixed at its end attached to the needle axis stands in its
neutral position between two spring contacts r, r². These springs r and r¹
being electrically connected to two indicators or bells and batteries of
considerable power respectively, while the bearings of the needle are
connected in the same circuits, and the coils O and O¹ being in the
circuit of the winding instrument and coiled wire, and its battery when
a fault of insulation occurs in the wire, the needle N is deflected and its
arm q makes contact with one of the springs r or r², and thereby brings
into action the one alarm or indicator. When two wires are wound their
fault circuits are so connected to their respective batteries that a fault in
the one causes q to make contact with r, and a fault in the other causes
it to make contact with r¹, and thus a fault in either is indicated by its
special bell or indicator.

page_text: indicators in such manner that a defect of insulation shall be indicated,
substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Conrad William Cooke, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
CONRAD WILLIAM COOKE. (L.S.)
CONRAD WILLIAM COOKE. (L.S.)