A NEW AND IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARETTES
Year: 1885

page_text: We FRANK HIPGRAVE of .23 Salisbury Street Strand London in the County of
Middlesex Hotel Proprietor and WILLIAM SKINNER RENDLE of 319 Strand
aforesaid Tobacconist do hereby declare the nature of our Invention for "A NEW
AND IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARETTES" and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
This Invention has for its object a machine by means of which Cigarettes can be
manufactured at a high rate of speed and in a more perfect and economical manner
than can be done by any other known mechanical means.
This Specification is illustrated by means of drawings which represent the
machine and its relative parts full size.
Sheet 1. represents a plan Sheet 2. a Longitudinal Section, Sheet 3. an Elevation
right side, Sheet 4 an Elevation left side; and sheet 5 contains separate drawings
of different parts of the Mechanism which do not clearly appear on the other
drawings.
In describing the various parts of the Mechanism we do not propose to give the
measurements or the relative speed of each part since the drawings being full size
this may be more accurately ascertained by reference to the drawings themselves.
care being taken that in constructing a Machine the number of cogs in the
wheels are carefully counted so that the relative speed of the different parts be
maintained.
As is well known a Cigarette is composed of two parts the paper and the Tobacco
the Tobacco being wrapped in the paper the edge of which is pasted or gummed so
as to securely enclose the Tobacco.
The Machine for the purpose of description may be divided into three Sections
First the apparatus used for delivering cutting and pasting the paper-Secondly
that used for delivering and cutting the Tobacco into suitable quantities and
Thirdly that used for rolling and finishing the Cigarette-All three are combined
in one Machine actuated from one centre of motion and working together in such
manner that each operation is performed at its proper instant of time.
The Machinery and Apparatus is fitted in a frame of cast iron or gun metal
marked 1 in sheets 23 and 4 This frame is fixed on a wooden table marked 2
in Sheets 23 and 4 and is provided with a table of wood or metal marked 3 in
sheet 2 which table is used to carry the paper and as a means of affixing the
roller b.

page_text: First as to the apparatus used for the purpose of delivering cutting and pasting
the paper.
The paper is used in the form of a ribbon of the width of the cigarette which it
is desired to make and wound upon a bobbin a Sheet 2 The course of the paper
being indicated by the line marked a-b is a loose tension roller fitted to the
table 3 in the manner indicated in the plan Sheet 1 and is used to press the paper
down upon the table 3 by its own weight so as to produce the required amount of
tension.
The paper ribbon next passes between two rollers d and e—The roller & is fitted
with a projection which is formed of cloth or india rubber and is so arranged that
when the rollers d and e revolve during a portion of the revolution the two rollers
are in contact and during the remainder of the revolution there is an open space
between them so that the advance of the paper is intermittent each revolution of
the rollers drawing forward exactly the amount of paper required for the production
of one cigarette The action of the two rollers & and e is more clearly shewn on
Sheet 2. is a finger bar which holds the paper down whilst the process of
cutting off and pasting is performed it works on hinges and receives its motion
from an eccentric on the shaft of the roller d. This is clearly shewn on Sheet 1
When the machine is started the paper is brought forward from under the rollers d
and e and is caught by the bar j and held there-g is a knife which at the instant
the paper is held by the bar j comes down and cuts off the paper at the point g¹-
as soon as the paper is cut the knife returns to position by means of the spring g³-
f is a roller driven by a band off d which keeps the paper from rising whilst the
cutting off is being done-h is a tilting table which at the time when the cutting
off is done is level with the table 3. The knife is actuated by a cam g' acting
upon the lever g¹ the cam g being attached to the roller d the effect being that as
the roller d revolves, and advances the paper under the finger j, the knife g cuts it
off is a paste box and roller the paste box is filled with paste and in the box is
placed a weight to hold the paste down on the roller; the roller which is longi-
tudinally grooved revolves in contact with the paste in such manner that a small
quantity adheres to the roller and is ready for the next operation.-h is a tilting
table actuated by the lever cc driven by C¹ on the shaft of the roller d.-This
action is more clearly demonstrated by reference to the plan and side elevation
shewn in Figs 1 and 2 Sheet 5.
Whilst the piece of paper thus cut off is held down at one end by the finger barj
the tilting table h rises and brings the edge a³ in contact with the paste roller i
thus pasting the edge of the paper This action may be clearly seen by reference
to the parts as shewn in Sheet 2.
The paper is now ready to enter the rolling apparatus.
Simultaneously with the paper being thus prepared the apparatus for the
delivery and cutting the tobacco has been at work.
tt is an endless band of silk or other suitable material which is drawn in the
direction of the arrows indicated on Sheet 2 by means of rollers r. 2. Upon this
band the tobacco is spread evenly by hand. This band has to be drawn forward
with an intermittent motion so that only sufficient of the tobacco to produce one
cigarette is advanced at one time This intermittent motion is conveyed as
follows: The roller r shewn in sheets 2 and 3 is fitted with a ratchet wheel in
such a manner that when (looking at plan) it travels from right to left it causes
the roller to revolve and thus drives the band but when travelling the reverse way
the roller is stationary (Sheet 3) is a cogged lever actuated by a cam fixed to
the inside periphery of O2 (see Sheet 3) which as 02 revolves drives 1 down and so
drives forward the belt as soon as the cam has released 1 it is forced back into
position by means of a small spiral spring the ratchet wheel giving way with it but
without moving the roller or the belt-As 0% revolves the motion is repeated so
that as each Cigarette is made the band carrying the tobacco is advanced a stage
88 are rollers which revolve in the same direction by means of the interim cog
- wheel S¹ (Sheet 3) and are used to press the tobacco ready for cutting they are

page_text: driven as shewn in Sheet 3 by a cog wheel affixed to the shaft of r and therefore
work with a similar intermittent motion.
9 (Sheet 2) is a knife for the purpose of cutting off the required quantity of
tobacco it is a guillotine knife working in slides and kept up by means of the spiral
springs q and q¹ shewn respectively on Sheets 3 and 4. This knife gives two cuts
for each Cigarette, the second cut rapidly succeeding the first the object being to
ensure the complete separation of the tobacco, it is actuated by two levers marked
respectively "O" and "O" on Sheets 3 and 4 by means of two cams Os and Os on
sheet 3 near the circumference of the main cog wheel O' and two cams 0* O* (on
Sheet 4) near the circumference of the cog wheel P³. This arrangement is clearly
shewn on sheets 3 and 4.
The tobacco being cut off falls on the table p (Sheet 2), this table tilts over so as
to throw the tobacco at the proper moment into the rolling apparatus. p¹ is a
second table upon which the tobacco is pushed by p, as it tilts so as to cause the
tobacco to be dropped in the right place-On Sheet 2 this action is demonstrated.
Motion is given to p and p¹ by means of the lever p² shewn on Sheet 4 actuated
by a cam on the shaft of p-On sheet 5 a plan and side elevation of this arrange-
ment is more clearly shewn at Figs 9 and 10. The position is recovered by means
of suitable springs as shewn in the drawings.
We next come to the rolling apparatus It will be recollected that the paper for
one Cigarette is now duly cut and pasted held down by the finger bar j and that
the tobacco duly cut off is on the table p.
The rolling is effected in the folds of an endless band of suitable material
preferably Silk indicated in the Drawings as k¹. On Sheet 5 at Fig 7. this band
and its driving rollers are more clearly shewn and the direction of motion of the
band shown by arrows. kkkkk are rollers in fixed position which work in
different directions by means of cogs as shewn on sheet 3. 2 is a cogged wheel
which gears the rollers. n is a roller which is caused to revolve by the motion of
the band it is fixed to an arm n² actuated by a lever n¹n' worked by a cam on the
shaft of ps and fastened as shewn on sheet 4-We have thought it desirable for
the purpose of clear description to separate this part and on sheet 5 it will be
found in plan and side elevation at Figs 5 and 6.-7 is a roller fixed in an arm
which in its motion works in semicircular slots in the frame of the machine as
shewn on sheet 2-the motion of the lever is obtained from the cog wheel p³
as shewn in sheet 4 by means of a cranked arm and lever x and x-This enables
the roller to move to the position 1 (Sheet 5 Fig 7.)-y is an India Rubber spring
fastened as shewn in sheet 4 and used to bring back the lever ³ to its original
position at -m represents a pair of arms holding the endless band so as to form
the pocket shewn at Sheet 5 Fig 7-These arms are held up by means of two
supporting arms working in a slot m² and m³ respectively these hold the band
down by their own weight as shewn on sheet 2-these parts have been separated
and are given in plan and side elevation on Sheet 5 at Figs. 3 and 4.
z is a fixed table upon which the cigarette is rolled. The whole machinery is
set in motion either by hand or steam power by means of the crank u¹ or pulley u
Sheet 3. The method of communicating motion to the different parts and the
position of the cog wheels and other moving parts is clearly illustrated in the
drawings.
The several sheets of drawings being exactly full size and representing on
sheets 3 and 4 the exact size and number of cogs in each wheel and the relative
position of the same it would be useless to describe each wheel in detail―The
break in the centre of the plan sheet 1 is for the purpose of shewing parts which
overlie and underlie each other the amount of breakage will be understood by
reference to the point lettered A. A. in both parts.
The machinery may be made to revolve at any speed provided time is given
for each Cigarette to become rolled-We find that the machine works most
economically when it is worked at a speed to produce from 1000 to 1,500 Cigarettes
per hour.

page_text: We have now described all the parts of the machine and it is only left to shew
how the Cigarette is formed-To begin with n is at nt, m being drawn up
between k and 1, the table p now tilts and just at the moment that the tobacco is
placed upon the band is brought down to l the band thus becoming loose-m of
its own weight falls to m*-the tobacco is now in the pocket at m' in the band
and between the two arms of m-l now returns to its original position and so
does n this tightens the band and thus causes the arms m to return to their
position the edge of the paper is now caught by the tobacco, between 7 and k it
is remembered that the band is all the while travelling as shewn by the arrows.
n begins to roll the cigarette and as it rolls m is again brought up between k and l,
Z drops to and the cigarette is thrown out over n" finished only requiring the
ends to be trimmed off by hand.
The size of the cigarette made will it is obvious depend upon three things
First, the width of the paper ribbon, this will determine the length of the cigarette
Secondly the amount of paper cut off this will depend upon the amount pushed
forward at each revolution which may be regulated by increasing or lessening the
width of the cloth or india rubber projection on the roller "d" causing the paper
to be pushed forward to a greater or less extent as it is desired to make a thicker
or thinner cigarette Third the amount of tobacco dropped into the cigarette may
be varied by the cogged lever being raised or lowered thus causing a larger or
smaller number of its cogs to actuate the roller r and by this means the requisite
amount of tobacco for the cigarette of the size required to be made drawn forward
by the endless band t t is regulated before as above stated being cut off by the
knife q.
When it is intended to make the cigarette larger or smaller it is obvious that the
endless band which rolls the cigarette must be slackened or tightened this is done
by moving up or down as the case may be the bolt n³ on the bar n³ in the arm n¹
(shewn Fig 6 Sheet 5) this will cause n³ to move more or less out and so slacken
or tighten the band at the moment of rolling.
Having thus described the nature of our invention and the manner of performing
the same we wish it to be understood that what we claim is
First The arrangement of mechanism and combination of parts substantially as
described for the purpose of bringing forward cutting and pasting the paper.
Secondly The arrangement of mechanism and combination of parts substantially
as described whereby the tobacco is brought forward cut and delivered.
Thirdly The arrangement of mechanism and combination of parts substantially
as described whereby the Cigarette is rolled and thrown out.
Dated this twenty first day of May One thousand eight hundred and eighty five.