Improvements relating to Kilns or Dryers, and to Hot Air Feeds therefor.
Year: 1894

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Kilns or Dryers, and to Hot Air Feeds
therefor.
I REGINALD HADDAN of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co. of
18 Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C. London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, a communication to me from abroad by Franklin
David Cummer of Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America Manufacturer, and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in kilns or dryers, and it consists in
certain features of construction and in combinations of parts hereinafter described
and pointed out in the claims.
This invention consists also in the process hereinafter disclosed of making hot
air and supplying the same to the drying chamber or chambers of the kiln
or dryer.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is a top plan, partly in section, of a kiln or dryer embodying this
invention.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation in vertical section on line 2-2, Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an end elevation in vertical section on line 3-3, Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is an elevation of a portion of that end of the dryer at which the firing
of the furnace is done.
Fig. 5 is an elevation in detail hereinafter described.
Figs. 6 and 7 are elevations in vertical section, exhibiting modifications herein-
after described, Fig. 7 being taken on line 7-7. Fig. 6.
A represents the kiln or dryer proper in which the bricks, wood, or other
articles or material are dried or burned, the kiln or dryer proper shown comprising
two rooms or chambers a extending from end to end of the kiln or dryer, and
provided with tracks a¹ for receiving the cars upon which the articles or material
to be dried or burned are run into and taken from the kiln.
Chambers or rooms a of the kiln or dryer, at one end, preferably by means of
openings or holes a² in the floor of said rooms or chambers, are in open relation
with a tunnel or large duct B that is arranged transversely under said end of rooms
or chambers a.
At one end of said tunnel or duct is located a commingling chamber C into
which are sucked or drawn the products of combustion from the furnace hereinafter
described, and air from the outside, any suitable device preferably a fan or
blower D being employed for sucking or drawing the air and products of
combustion into said chamber, said fan or blower being located between the
commingling chamber and the aforesaid tunnel or duct and adapted to suck, draw
or blow the heated air into the tunnel. The fan or blower is operatively connected,
in any suitable manner with an engine or motor E, in a room E¹ adjacent to the
commingling chamber.
G designates the furnace. Said furnace is located at one side of the dryer or
kiln proper, preferably about two or three feet or so therefrom. The furnace is
preferably quite long. 9 and 9' designate the fuel chamber and ash pit of the
furnace respectively, the grate, and g³, g₁ the doors leading to the fire chamber
and ash pit respectively.
The furnace shown has a comparatively long chamber G₁ extending rearwardly
from the fuel chamber, with which it is in open relation, and is in open relation, at

page_text: its rear end, with the commingling-chamber to which reference has already been
made.
I would here remark that I prefer to use from twenty to twenty five pounds of
air to one pound of fuel, under which condition the products of combustion would
reach from three thousand to thirty-five hundred degrees Fahrenheit.
By means of the fan or blower hereinbefore referred to, I am enabled to create a
forced draught through the furnace from under the ashpit, to establish the required
supply of air, and consequently oxygen, to the burning fuel in order to produce
results most favourable to complete combustion and consequently most favourable
to the greatest economy in the fuel consumed in the present case. It is obvious
that the employment of a forced draught through the furnace as involved in my
present invention, would be opposed to economy in connection with the generation
of steam, yet in the present case, wherein the object is to produce hot air, to obtain
as much heat. from a given amount of fuel as is practicable, and to utilize all of
this heat, the result is otherwise, that is the fuel is most economically utilized.
In Figures 1, 2 and 3, open relation is shown established between chamber G¹ of
the furnace and the commingling chamber through a stack or upright flue H, the
rear end of said chamber of the furnace discharging into the lower portion of the
stack or flue, and the latter, by means of a lateral opening in the wall between it
and the commingling chamber, discharging into the latter.
A forced draught is also formed, by means of fan or blower D from the external
atmosphere to chamber C. For instance, as shown, the stack or flue H, at or near
its upper end, is provided with one or more lateral openings H¹, at which air from
the outside enters the stack or flue. The air thence passes to opening h where it
unites with the intensely heated products of combustion from the furnace and
passes with the products of combustion into the commingling chamber wherein the
products of combustion and air thoroughly commingle with each other and the air
becomes heated as required. From chamber C the hot air is blown or forced, by
means of fan or blower D, into the tunnel or duct below chambers or rooms a of
the dryer or kiln, and thence into said chambers. One or more preferably a series
of valves or dampers H2 are provided for lateral openings H' at the upper end of
the stack and are adapted to regulate the supply of air at said openings.
If the kiln is to be employed for baking or burning purposes, such for instance
as burning the softer grades of pottery, valves or dampers H2 are closed, so
that the products of combustion above will be carried into the kiln proper.
One or more valves or dampers are preferably provided for opening h, and
are adapted to close said opening, if for any reason, the operation of fan or
blower D is stopped or arrested, and thereby cause the products of combustion
from the furnace, in case the latter was fired, to pass up through stack or flue H.
Suitable means are preferably provided for quickly and conveniently ascertaining
the temperature at the discharge end of the fan or blower and at one or more
points in the kiln or dryer proper. 1 provide for the purpose preferably as
follows A pipe I that opens into tunnel or duct B at the discharging end of
the fan or blower, thence leads to the front end of the furnace where it discharges
into a larger pipe or box K, arranged above and transversely of the furnace; a
pipe L for the purpose hereinafter made apparent leads from box or pipe K
downwardly and discharges into the ash pit below the grate of the furnace, and
one or more pipes M lead from different chambers or rooms a of the kiln or dryer
to box or pipe K. A thermometer or heat measuring device or instrument is
provided for each of pipes I and K, said heat measuring devices or instruments
being properly exposed to the hot air passing through the respective pipes, and
being preferably located in a row at the front of the furnace, and extending through
the transversely arranged pipe or box K as shown in Fig. 5. By means of pipe L
opening into the furnace-ash-pit in which there is suction produced by the fan or
blower as hereinbefore indicated, and the connection of said pipe with pipes I
and M, circulation is assured through said pipes I and M to the heat measuring
instruments.

page_text: I would have it understood however, that my invention is not limited to the
exact construction disclosed in Figures 1 to 5 inclusive, for it is obvious that such
construction might be modified more or less without departing from the spirit and
purpose of my invention.
For instance, stack or flue H might be continued downwardly as at H³ in
Figs. 6 and 7, and air from the outside introduced at one or more sides of this
downward extension of the stack or flue, as shown at H' in said figures, and the
opening or openings H that thus admit air into the lower portion of the stack or
flue might be provided with valves or dampers H³ in the same manner and for the
same purpose as those employed at the upper portion of the stack in the construction
hereinbefore described.
Also, if desired, and as would be advisable in treating some articles or materials,
a portion of the used humid air in the kiln or dryer proper, might by means of
a duct, pipe or passage way (not shown) be conducted into stack or flue H.
In the case illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7 the portion of the stack or flue that is
located immediately rearward of the furnace constitutes a commingling chamber,
wherein the air coming up from below and the products of combustion from the
furnace meet and commingle.
The air may be introduced at the lower end of the flue H; at the top of said
flue at both places, or at any other suitable point.
If desired, suitable instruments or devices might also be attached to pipes I
and M for ascertaining the humidity of the air passing through said pipes, and
thereby ascertaining the humidity of the air at the discharge end of the fan or
blower and at the different points in the kiln or dryer-proper.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. The process herein described of heating a kiln or dryer, consisting in
establishing a forced draught through the furnace of the dryer or kiln, and forcing
the heat from the furnace into the kiln or dryer proper, substantially as set forth.
2. The process herein described of producing hot air and supplying the same to
the kiln or dryer proper, consisting in establishing a forced draught through and
from the furnace of the kiln or dryer and from the atmosphere outside of the
furnace, into a chamber wherein the air is heated by the products of combustion
from the furnace, and thence forcing the hot air into the kiln or dryer proper,
substantially as set forth.
3. The process herein described of producing hot air for a kilu or dryer, con-
sisting in establishing a forced draught through the furnace of the dryer or kiln
and sucking or drawing the products of combustion from the furnace together with
a suitable quantity of air from outside the furnace into a chamber wherein the air
is heated by said products of combustion, and thence blowing or forcing the hot air
into the kiln or dryer-proper substantially as set forth.
4. The process herein described of producing hot air for a kiln or dryer,
consisting in using from twenty to twenty five pounds of air to one pound of fuel
in the furnace of the kiln or dryer and forcing the products of combustion,
together with a suitable quantity of air from outside the furnace, into a chamber
and uniting the same preparatory to entering the chamber, and thence forcing the
hot air into the kiln or dryer-proper, substantially as set forth.
5. The combination with the kilu proper, furnace for the kiln, and suitable
passage ways for conducting the heat from the furnace to the kiln proper, of
suitable means for establishing a forced draught through the furnace and forcing
the heat from the furnace, through the aforesaid passage-ways into the kiln proper,
substantially as set forth.
6. The combination with the kiln-proper, furnace for the kiln, and passage ways
for conducting the heat from the furnace to the kiln proper, of a fan or blower
for establishing a forced draught through the furnace and forcing the heat from

page_text: the furnace, through the aforesaid passage ways, into the kiln proper, substantially
as set forth.
7. The combination with the kiln or dryer proper, furnace for the kiln or dryer,
a commingling chamber, and passage ways for conducting the products of com-
bustion from the furnace, and air from outside the furnace, into said chamber, and
a passage way for conducting the heated air from said chamber into the dryer or
kiln proper, of suitable means for establishing a forced draught through the furnace
and through the aforesaid passage ways into the aforesaid chamber and from the
latter into the kiln or dryer proper substantially as set forth.
8. The combination with the kiln or dryer proper and tunnel or duct located
below and in open relation with the dryer or kiln proper, of a furnace, a com-
mingling chamber, passage ways for conducting the products of combustion from
the furnace, and air from outside the furnace, into said chamber, and a fan or
blower located between the commingling chamber and aforesaid tunnel and adapted
to create a draught through the furnace and aforesaid passage ways into the
commingling chamber and from the latter through the aforesaid duct or tunnel
into the kiln or dryer-proper substantially as set forth.
9. The combination with the kiln or dryer proper, furnace for the kiln or dryer,
a commingling chamber, and passage ways for conducting the products of com-
bustion from the furnace, and air from outside the furnace, into said chamber, and
a passage way for conducting the heated air from said chamber into the dryer or
kiln proper, of suitable means for establishing a forced draught through the
furnace and through the aforesaid passage ways into the aforesaid chamber and
from the latter into the kiln or dryer proper, and one or more valves or dampers
for regulating the supply of air to the aforesaid chamber, substantially as set
forth.
10. The combination of the kiln or dryer proper, a commingling chamber in open
relation with the dryer or kiln proper, furnace for the kiln, a stack or take-off flue
for the furnace, said stack or flue being in open relation or adapted to be placed.
in open relation with the aforesaid chamber and having one or more openings for
the admission of air, one or more valves or dampers for regulating the size of or
closing said openings, and suitable means for establishing a forced draught, through
and from the furnace and through and from the aforesaid openings, into the stack
or take-off flue; from the latter into the aforesaid chamber, and from said chamber
into the dryer or kiln proper, substantially as set forth.
11. The combination of the kiln or dryer proper, a commingling chamber C in
open relation with the dryer or kiln proper, furnace for the kiln or dryer, said
furnace having a comparatively long chamber G₁ in open relation with and
extending rearwardly of the fuel chamber, stack or flue H in open relation with
chamber G¹, a passage way from said stack or flue to chamber C, one or more
valves or dampers for closing said passage way, the stack or flue having one or
more openings for the admission of air from outside the furnace, one or
valves or dampers for regulating the size of or closing said openings, and suitable
means for establishing a forced draught, through and from the furnace and
through and from the aforesaid openings, into the aforesaid stack or flue, from
the latter into chamber C, and from said chamber into the kiln or dryer-proper
substantially as set forth.
more
12. The combination with the dryer or kiln-proper, furnace for the kiln or
dryer, a passage-way for conducting the heat to the kiln or dryer-proper, and
a suitable device or means for establishing a forced draught through said passage
way, of a pipe leading from the discharge end of said draught producing device
or means to the outside, and a heat measuring device or instrument exposed to the
heat circulating through said pipe, substantially as set forth.
13. In a kiln or dryer, pipes leading from different points of the dryer or kiln
proper to the front end of the furnace of the dryer or kiln, and heat measuring
devices or instruments connected with said pipes at the front end of the furnace
and exposed to the heat circulating through the pipes, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 14. The combination with the dryer or kiln-proper, furnace for the kiln or dryer,
a passage way for conducting the heat to the dryer or kiln-proper, and a suitable
device or means for establishing a forced draught from the ash-pit of the furnace
through the aforesaid passage-way, of devices or instruments for measuring the
heat in different parts of the kiln or dryer, respectively, pipes properly connecting
the heat measuring devices or instruments with the respective parts of the dryer
or kiln, and pipes or passage ways establishing open relation between the aforesaid
pipes and the path of the aforesaid draught, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 22nd day of March 1894.
R. HADDAN.