IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Warhurst, of Hollingworth, in the County of
Chester, Cotton Dealer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILERS."
Scaled the 28th April 1854, and dated the 6th March 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Warhurst at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
March 1854.
I, JOHN WARHURST, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS" to be as follows:-
Instead of the usual mode of producing steam by the direct action of fire
upon water, I propose to economise the heat produced by fire in the first
instance by confining the steam and passing it through pipes or tubes surrounded
by water, causing the tubes so heated by the steam to cause the water to
evaporate or produce more steam, thus economising the fuel to a very great
extent. In the accompanying outline Drawings I have shewn different forms
of boilers to accomplish the said object, all of which I claim as my Invention,
and which will be clearly understood by all persons conversant with the con-
struction of steam boilers.
5 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Warhurst in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st
September 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WARHURST, of Hollingworth, in the County of Chester, Cotton Dealer, send
0 greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Warhurst, Her special licence that I, the said John Warhurst,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Warhurst, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM BOILERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Warhurst, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Royal Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Warhurst, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say):-
My Invention consists of a peculiar arrangement and construction of the boiler
or vessel, so as to use or work the steam to advantage on its way to the engine,
or on its way to be used for any other purpose, thus economising the fuel by
using the steam first produced by fire to evaporate water or other liquid, and
make more steam before it is used for the intended ultimate purpose.
accomplish this object by confining and conducting the steam first produced
through tubes or pipes fixed in peculiar positions inside the same boiler or
vessel, or I convey it from one boiler or vessel to another boiler or vessel con-
taining tubes or pipes; the said tubes or pipes pass through or are surrounded
by the water or other liquid from which steam is to be produced, thus giving
an extensive heated surface to the water. Upon this plan it is not necessary
to have a large body of water, as has been the case hitherto; perhaps not more
than three inches will be requisite, or about one inch and a half from fire or
steam heated surface. By this method of working and using steam I dispense
with the necessity of using steam jackets or similar contrivances, and by allowing
it to work freely through the tubes it encreases in heat by friction, and does
not, condense in passing through them, as most persons would imagine. This
my Invention will be clearly understood by reference to the accompanying

page_text: Sheet of Drawings, in which the same letters of reference are used to represent
the same parts in all the Figures.
Fig. 1 is a section of one of my improved boilers shewn through the middle,
divided into four chambers or compartments, with a number of tubes or pipes
in each compartment, each chamber having its own distinct set of tubes or
pipes, connected at the ends by junction pipes, as shewn on the Drawings;
Fig. 2 is a section of the same, shewing how the steam makes its exit, to be
used for any useful purpose, after traversing the tubes and chambers; Fig. 3
is a plan of the same, shewing the method of connecting the tubes or pipes;
Fig. 4 is a side view of the same shewn in section; Fig. 5 is a sectional
elevation of an apparatus for heating the water, and may be placed in any con-
venient position on the boiler or vessel, or it may be placed at a distance and
connected by a pipe of any suitable construction; Fig. 6 is a plan of the same;
Fig. 7 is an end section of a one fire-flued boiler with ten tubes for steam;
Fig. 8 is an end section of a two fire-flued boiler with six steam tubes; and
Fig. 9 is a plan shewing the six tubes with the necessary junction pipes;
Figs. 10, 11, and 12 shew another plan of a steam boiler for carrying my said
improvements into effect; Fig. 10 is a back end section, shewing how the
steam is delivered to the engine; Fig. 11, a front end section, shewing the
inside of the dome; and Fig. 12 is a sectional plan of the same through the
centre of the steam tubes. a represents the fire-flues; b, the tubes; c, the
upper chambers; d, the lower chambers; e, the entrance pipe for the steam
when more than one boiler or vessel are used; f, the entrance pipe or con-
ductor, where the steam enters the chambers and tubes after being produced
and supplied from another boiler or other boilers; g is a junction tube con-
necting the lower chests; i, another junction tube; and k, the exit pipe for
the steam to escape, to be applied to any useful purpose. The apparatus for
heating the water or liquid, as shewn in Figs. 5 and 6, has a double bottom,
the inner one being filled with tubes, as shewn at l; the steam enters the
chamber at m, passes through the tubes, and is delivered to the engine by the
outlet pipe n. The water enters the apparatus at o, and is delivered to
the boiler at p, the quantity being regulated by valves in the usual manner;
q is a space left for a float to work and regulate the valves. In Figs. 7, 8,
and 9, r is a pipe or conductor that conveys the steam to the tubes; s, a
junction pipe to connect the two side tubes; t, the outlet pipe for the steam to
escape for the particular purpose required. The whole of these tubes being
connected to the boiler or vessel by stays will strengthen it very materially.
In Figs. 10, 11 and 12, u represents the fire tubes; v, the dome on the top of
the boiler; w, the pipe to conduct the steam to the right hand steam tube;

page_text: x, the steam tubes, which may be made of wrought iron or other suitable metal
or material; y, the connecting steam tube; 2, a middle steam tube; a', a left
hand steam tube; and a² the pipe delivering the steam to the engine. The
operation or passage of the steam will be understood as rising into the dome v;
it is then received by the pipe w, which rises nearly to the top of the dome,
by which arrangement I prevent the water being forced into the tubes. From
thence it descends into the steam tube a, which passes along the right hand
side of the fire tubes the whole length of the boiler, as seen in Fig. 12. It is
thence conveyed to the middle tube situated over the fire tubes by the con-
necting tube y, and returns back to the front end, and from thence through
another connecting tube to the steam tube a', passing along the left hand
side of the boiler, and is delivered to the engine by the pipe passing through
the top, as seen in Fig. 10. By this arrangement I cause all the steam pro-
duced to pass through the water or liquid three times, the whole of the tubes
being below water mark, thus bringing into action all the latent heat it con-
tains, which causes a great saving of fuel.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
I desire it to be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the exact
details thereof, as such may be varied or modified without departing from the
principle of the same. But I claim as of my Invention, and which to the best
of my knowledge and belief has not been hitherto used within this realm,-
Firstly, the particular construction of boilers or vessels with steam tubes
passing through the water or liquid to create steam.
And, secondly, the apparatus for warming the water or liquid, as the said
improvements are herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet
of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Warhurst, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-four,
JOHN WARHURST.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-named
John Warhurst in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
L.S.)