IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN BORING, TURNING, AND CUTTING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE DAIRING OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1860

page_text: Frederick Alexander Fitton, Foremen in the employ of Messieurs Parr,
Curtis, and Madeley, Machine Makers, in the City of Manchester, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN BORING, TURNING,
AND CUTTING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE
DAIRING OTHER MACHINERY."
Edward Gerrard Fitton, and Frederick Alexander Fitton at
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 19th October
1860.
We, JOHN THOMPSON, EDWARD GERRARD FITTON, and FREDERICK ALEXAN-
DER FITTON, Foremen in the employ of Messieurs Parr, Curtis, and Madeley,
Machine Makers, in the City of Manchester, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN BORING
TURNING, AND CUTTING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, PART OF WHICH IS
APPLICABLE FOR DRIVING OTHER MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
Our first improvement consists in fixing studs or arms on swivels, joints,
or pivots, and connecting the same with chains, rings, levers, or other equivalent
agents, for the purpose of driving pulleys, wheels, or turning catches, or for

page_text: driving clutch boxes, mill stones, and other machinery in which an adjustable
driving apparatus is required.
The second part of our improvements consists in making a machine for
turning and grooving pulleys or wheels. The headstocks and slide rest com-
monly used are dispensed with, and a casting of a suitable form for supporting
the driving shaft, face plate, following spindle,' and slide rest, is substituted
in its stead, thereby securing increased strength, power, and economising
space.
The third part of our improvements relates to the application of self-acting
machinery for cutting worms or threads, on back shaft or squaring pulleys,
used in mules for spinning or for other purposes, where threads or grooves
are required; the article to be operated upon is fixed to a spindle, which
rotates, and is traversed to and fro, thereby bringing the article in contact
with a revolving cutter.
The fourth part of our improvements consists in the construction of a self-
acting wheel-cutting engine, the principal features of which are that the
machine makes its own changes and divisions, the cutting slide is traversed by
means of a cam, whereby the motion is varied so as to diminish the speed
while cutting, and to increase it at other times.
The fifth part of our improvements consists in the construction of a machine
for boring and turning spindle steps or other articles by means of a revolv
ing table with self-acting change motion, or with parallel slides, or otherwise;
the articles to be operated upon are fixed in the revolving table or slide, and
are brought under revolving cutters or tools.
The sixth part of our improvements consists in the application of self-
acting machinery for finishing shafts or rods by means of grindstones, or
glazers, or both, revolving rapidly and acting on the shafts or rods, which are
also turned round and caused to traverse over the surface of the grindstones
or glazers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Thompson, Edward Gerrard Fitton, and Frederick
Alexander Fitton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th April
1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
THOMPSON, EDWARD GERRARD FITTON, and FREDERICK ALEXANDER FITTON,
Foremen in the employ of Messieurs Parr, Curtis, and Madeley, Machine
Makers, in the City of Manchester, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by C
Patent, bearing daic the Nineteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Thompson, Edward Gerrard Fitton, and Frederick Alexander Fitton, Her
special licence that we, the said John Thompson, Edward Gerrard Fitton,
and Frederick Alexander Fitton, our executors, adminstrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said John Thompson, Edward Gerrard Fitton,
and Frederick Alexander Fitton, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might, make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN BORING, TURNING, AND CUT-
TING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE FOR DRIVING
OTHER MACHINERY," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
John Thompson, Edward Gerrard Fitton, and Frederick Alexander Fitton, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our; or their,
or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
an
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Thompson, Edward Gerrard
Fitton, and Frederick Alexander Fitton, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the two accompanying Sheets of Drawings, and to
the figures and letters marked thereon; that is to say:-
Our first improvement consists in fixing studs or arms on swivels, joints, or
pivots, and connecting the same with chains, rings, levers, or other equivalent
agents, for the purpose of driving pulleys or wheels while they are being bored,
turned, or polished, or for turning catches, or for driving clutch-boxes, mill-
stones, and other machinery in which an adjustable driving apparatus is
required.
This part of our Invention is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 3; Fig. 1 being
an end elevation; Fig. 2, a plan; and Fig. 3, a side elevation of the same.
a is a worm wheel or face plate, which is mounted on the spindle b, and
turned round by the worm c fixed on the cross shaft c', to which is also fixed

page_text: the bevel wheel c, driven by the pinion d fixed on the side shaft d', which is
furnished with speed pulleys d, or the wheel or face plate a may be turned
round in any other convenient 'manner; in the face of the wheel a are fixed
six or other suitable number of studs e, which act as fulcra for the levers c
and for the arms e2, to each of which is attached a stud e³; these studs e enter
between the spokes or arms of the wheel, pulley, or other article to be driven;
in this case we have shewn a double-grooved pulley as the article under
operation. The studs e and levers e' are provided with small guide pulleys,
around which the chain or band et is taken. When the article to be turned
is in its place, and motion is communicated to the face-plate a, the studs e are
brought into contact with the spokes of the wheel or pulley to be turned,
each stud acting with an uniform pressure on its respective spoke, the pressure
being equalized by the chain e, and swivel arms and levers, which allow the
studs e to adjust themselves to the spokes notwithstanding the irregularities of
the casting. We wish to remark that the levers e¹ may be connected by
rings, levers, or other equivalent agents, instead of a chain as shewn, the
peculiar novelty consisting in the application of studs which are self-adjusting
to the spokes or other parts of the article to be driven. It is evident that
the number of studs e³ should correspond to the number of spokes or projec-
tions against which they act. Our Invention may also be applied for
driving clutch boxes, millstones, and other machinery in which an adjustable
driving apparatus is required.
Our second improvement consists in an improved mode of constructing a
machine for turning and grooving pulleys or wheels. The headstocks and
slide rest commonly used are dispensed with, and a casting of a suitable form
for supporting the driving shaft, face plate, following spindle, and slide rest, is
substituted in its stead, thereby securing increased strength and power, and
economising space.
This part of our Invention is also illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, on
referring to which will be seen that the bush g for the driving spindle b, the
stand g for the following spindle b', the bearings g² for the cross shaft c', and
side shaft d¹, and the stand g for the slide rest h, are all cast of the same
piece, which is fixed on the bed i, supported on standards i. By this
means the usual fast and loose headstocks and the moveable slide rest are 'dis-
pensed with, thereby reducing the number of parts, and increasing the strength
and power of the tool; the space occupied is also reduced.
Our third improvement relates to the application of self-acting machinery
for cutting worms or threads on the back shaft or squaring pulleys used in
mules for spinning, or for other purposes where threads or grooves are

page_text: required. The article to be operated upon is fixed to a spindle which rotates
and is traversed to and fro, thereby bringing the article in contact with a
revolving cutter.
This part of our Invention is illustrated in Figs. 4, 5, and 6; Fig. 4 being
a side elevation, Fig. 5 a plan, and Fig. 6 an end elevation, of the machine.
In these views is a bed supported upon standards j'; to the bed j is fixed the
bearing, the headstock k', and the stand the bearing supports the
worm wheel through which passes the spindle m, the spindle and wheel
being connected by a key and groove; this spindle passes also through the
headstock, and on it are cut a right and a left hand screw, cach of which is
furnished with a nut marked n and n¹; the article in which the worm or
thread is to be cut is fixed to the end of the spindle m, as shewn at m¹ in
Fig. 5.
The circular cutter o is fixed on the shaft o', which revolves in the
moveable headstock o fitting on the stand . The spindle m is turned slowly
round by means of the wheel I, in which gears a worm fixed on the same shaft
as the bevel wheel P, which is driven by the pinion on the side shaft ; on
this shaft is also fixed a spur wheel driven by a pinion fixed to the driving
pulley 1.
A rotary motion is also imparted to the cutter o by the driving pulley o
and by the pinion and wheel shewn in the Drawings; we wish to remark
that the gearing for the spindle and the cutter may be varied. When
the machine is at work a slow lateral motion is imparted to the spindle m,
and consequently to the article in which the worm or thread is to be cut by
means of the nuts n and n', which are brought alternately in and out of gear
with the threads on the spindle m by means of the handle n and levers n³,
shewn in Fig. 5, to each of which one of the nuts n, n', is fixed. In Fig. 4
the nut n is shewn in gear with the right hand thread, consequently when
the machine is at work the spindle is traversed laterally in the direction of
the arrow, and this traversing motion, combined with the rotary motion of the
spindle, causes the cutter to produce a worm or thread in the circumference
of the pulley m', or other article attached to the spindle m. As soon as the
worm or thread is completed the attendant throws the sliding catch box 1 out
of gear with the catches on the wheel 1, by which means the rotary motion of
the spindle is arrested; the nut n is then drawn out of gear with the right-
handed screw on the spindle m, and the attendant then moves the spindle by
hand to its requisite position for beginning a fresh cut or a fresh worm;
the nut n is then brought into gear with the left-handed thread, and the
cutter o, which had been raised out of the cut previous to moving the spindle

page_text: by hand, is then lowered to its proper place for commencing the left-hand
worm; the clutch box is then put again into gear, when the operations pro-
ceed as before.
The novelty in this machine is the general arrangement and combination.
of the parts.
1
Our fourth improvement consists in the construction of a self-acting wheel-
cutting engine, the principal features of which are that the machine makes
its own changes and divisions; the cutting slide is traversed by means of a cam,
whereby the motion is varied so as to diminish the speed while cutting, and
increase it at other times. This part of our Invention is illustrated in reference
to Figs. 7, 8, and 9; Fig. 7 being a side elevation, Fig. 8 an end elevation,
and Fig. 9 a plan, of our improved self-acting wheel-cutting engine. p is the
bed supporting the spindle slide or carriage p¹, and the bracket p for the
cutter slide p; these parts of the machine and the gearing for driving the
cutter are made in the usual manner. The cutter slide p is moved down
slowly so as to give the cut at the proper speed by means of the cam g, which
is fixed on the same shaft q' as the worm wheel q²; this wheel is driven by the
worm g³, which is fixed to the same shaft as the driving pulley q'; the cam q
acis on an antifriction bowl connected to the lower end of the rod q5, the upper
end of which is fixed to the cutter slide p. When the highest point of the
cam q is acting on the antifriction bowl the cutter has passed through the wheel
or other article to be operated upon, marked p'; the slide p is then raised
rapidly by the counterpoise q, the cam a being of the required shape to allow
the slide p to perform its ascent during about one-sixth of the revolution of
the shaft q. As soon as the cutter slide is up, the machinery for turning the
wheel p partly round for the succeeding cut is brought into operation; this
machinery consists of the following parts:-To the shaft q' is fixed the tappet r
which acts on the lower limb of the double lever r', the upper part of which is
furnished with an inclined plane acting on the lower part of the piece, the
upper end of which fits between the catch box and the plate ; this plate
and catch box are fixed on the hollow spindle r', which is loose on the side
shaft r; this shaft is driven by the pinion fixed to same shaft as the driving
pulley q, and by the other wheels and pinions shewn in the Drawings;
the sliding part 5 of the catch box is brought into gear as soon as the
piece has been raised by the incline on the lever r¹, in the manner described
in reference to the Drawings accompanying the Specification of Letters Paten
granted to John Wain on the Tenth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-four, No. 2393, and when the two parts of the catch box are
in gear, the. mitre wheel s, which is fixed to the hollow spindle on the

page_text: shaft r, is put in motion, thereby driving the wheels on the shaft so, to the
end of which is attached the pinion s', for driving the change wheels shewn
in Fig. 9; these change wheels give motion to the worm s, gearing in the
wheels, fixed to the same spindle as the wheel to be cut. From the fore-
going description it will be seen that the motions are perfectly self-acting, and
that when a blank wheel has been attached to the spindle of the slide p¹, and
the proper change wheels applied to the machine, the requisite changes succeed
each other until the wheel is cut; the cutter by descending slowly and ascending
rapidly effects a considerable saving in time.
Our fifth improvement consists in the construction of a machine for boring
and turning spindle steps or other articles by means of a revolving table with
self-acting change motion, or with parallel slides or otherwise; the articles to
be operated upon are fixed in the revolving table or slide, and are brought
under revolving cutters or tools.
This part of our Invention is illustrated in Figs. 10, 11, and 12 of Sheet 2;
Fig. 10 is a side elevation; Fig. 11, a plan; and Fig. 12, an end elevation of
the improved machine; in these views t is the bed, to which is fixed the
standard for the sliding headstock t, supporting, in this instance, the two
revolving spindles, but the number may be varied; such spindles with cutting
tools being now in common use do not require to be more particularly
described; to the bed is also fixed the bearing for the spindle u of the hori-
zontal face plate u', containing ten or other convenient number of dies with
recesses for holding the articles to be bored or turned; to the spindle u is
also fixed the division plate u; the headstock is moved slowly down by the
cam, which acts on an antifriction bowl connected to the lower end of the
bar t, the upper end of which is attached to the sliding headstock t², the raising
up again of the headstock being effected by the counterpoise to. The face
plate u is turned round at intervals by self-acting machinery, similar to that
described in reference to Figs. 7, 8, and 9, that is to say, the side shaft w, which
is driven by the pulley w¹ and the wheels and pinions shewn in the Drawing,
is furnished with a catch box w2, which is put into gear after the driving
spindles have been raised by the counterpoise to, and gives motion to the bevil
wheel gearing into the pinion fixed on the same shaft as the
worm, which takes into a worm wheel on the spindle u; the division plate u
is held firm whilst the articles are being bored or turned by a catch on the
side lever taking into a recess, but this catch is liberated immediately before
the catch box w comes into gear by means of the eccentric on the same
shaft as the cam and as soon as the division plate u², has performed its
required portion of a revolution, the catch is again drawn into a recess of the

page_text: plate by the spring w the mode of operation is as follows: The attendant
supplies the articles to be operated upon to the dies in the face plate u¹; the
machine is then started, and the cutters or tools in the two revolving spindles t
operate upon the articles beneath them; as soon as these have been bored or
turned the requisite change is made in the position of the face plate u¹ for
bringing the following articles under the spindles; as the plate u revolves
slowly and at intervals the attendant has time to remove the finished articles,
and replace them by others that require finishing; this machine is particularly
useful for facing up and turning the recess in the footsteps for mule spindles;
but it is applicable to a great variety of other purposes. This machine may be
modified by the application of slides containing dies for holding the articles to
be bored and turned, the said slides being pushed forward at intervals to bring
the articles under or opposite to the cutting spindles.
Our sixth improvement consists in the application of machinery for finishing
shafts or rods by means of grindstones, or glazers, or both, revolving rapidly
and acting on the shafts or rods, which are also turned round and caused to
traverse over the surface of the grindstones or glazers.
This part of our Invention is illustrated in Figs. 13, 14, 15, and 16;
Fig. 13 being a side elevation; Fig. 14, a plan; Fig. 15, an end elevation,
shewing the driving apparatus; and Fig. 16, an end elevation shewing
the glazing apparatus; in these views is the bed of the machine to which
is fixed the slide x for the headstick y, in which revolves the axle of the
grindstone and the slide z for the pulleys of the glazing straps 2¹; these
straps, which are indicated by dotted lines, pass over pulleys fixed to the
countershaft above and act on each side of the shaft A, which is to be ground
and polished as shewn in Fig. 16, or the glazing straps may be set to act
all on the same side of the shaft A, one end of which is fixed in the chuck
or socket connected to the driving spindle 3, revolving in bearings in the
slide or carriage ; the other end of the shaft A may be supported by a
similar carriage running on a prolongation of the bed x. The carriage r
is moved to and fro along the bed x, so as to present every portion of the
shaft A to the action of the grinding and polishing surfaces by means
of the band or chain B, shewn by dotted lines; the ends of this band
or chain are fixed to the carriage, and after passing over the guide
pulleys B and B', it is taken around the pulley B', which is turned
slowly round by power, as will be described hereafter. The rotary motion
which is brought
is imparted to the shaft A by the cord or band C,
from a pulley on the driving shaft, and is guided by the pulleys C
and C to the pulley on the shaft 6, a bevel pinion on which gears

page_text: in a wheel on the driving spindle 3; the cord or band C is then taken
under the guide pulley C to the pulley C, which is fixed to the same
shaft as the worm by which the pulley B' is driven; the hand wheel B shewn
on the same shaft as this pulley is to bring the carriage back after it has
approached the grinding and polishing surfaces; the curved piece fixed to
the carriage is for stopping it when the carriage is close to the headstock :
this is effected by the piece z acting on the stud D, by which the stop rod D'
is pushed slightly in the direction of the arrow. This motion of the stop rod
disconnects the catch box D3, and allows the wheel by which the pulley B' is
driven to revolve loose on its shaft. The glazing straps z' are tightened when
required by the attendant depressing the lever ', which is connected to the
slide z supporting the pulleys around which the glazing straps pass. The
principal object of this machine is to polish shafts after they have been slided
in a lathe of the ordinary construction, but it is evident that for some purposes
rods or bars of iron in the rough state may be operated upon.
This machine may be modified by fixing a hand wheel to the axle of
the pulley B3, and allowing the attendant to move the carriage to and fro
by hand.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, we wish it to be understood that we do not claim the
well-known parts described when used for similar purposes; but we claim the
various improved combinations and arrangements of machinery for boring.
turning, cutting, grinding, and polishing metals and other substances, as
described, and the application of the driving apparatus, shewn in Figs. 1, 2,
and 3 to driving other machinery.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Thompson, Edward Gerrard
Fitton, and Frederick Alexander Fitton, have hereunto set our hands
and seals, this Seventeenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
JOHN THOMPSON
(LS)