Improvements in Steam-generators.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam-generators.
I, JEAN GUSTAVE ADOLPHE DONNELEY, of 1, Neumannstrasse 24, Hamburg,
Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In a steam-generator according to this invention the grate is formed by vertical
water-tubes, which lie with their upper parts, which are of greater diameter,
close together and in this way also form a wall of the generator.
In the accompanying drawings, three examples of such generators are
represented.
The lower part A of such a steam-generator is provided all round with radially
arranged water-tubes a (Figs. 1 to 6), which can be connected at their other
ends either again to the lower part (Figs. 1 to 4) or directly to the upper
boiler B (Figs. 5 and 6). They are, in the upper part, arranged close together
and side by side in order to a certain extent to form the wall of the generator,
and have, in the lower part, a reduced diameter, so that between the several
tubes free spaces are formed through which the hot gases reach the interior.
These radial tubes a can be bent out of one piece (Figs. 1 and 2, left-hand side)
or composed of several pieces (Figs. 1 and 2, right-hand side). In the latter
case, their parts a¹ which form above the wall of the generator and below the
grate of the furnace, are fastened at both ends in angle-pieces to which are
connected horizontal and radially arranged tubular pieces c. The angle-pieces b
can advantageously be united to any desired number of vertical tubes a (in the
drawings four are shown by way of example), which then open into a common
tube (Figs. 1 and 2, right-hand side).
The outer limit of the furnace is formed by horizontal tubes d, which are
arranged one over another, and which are all tightened and fastened in common
vertical pipes e, which, on their part, communicate in their lower parts, through
connecting pipes f, with the lower part A of the boiler, and, in their upper
parts, through pipes g, with the upper boiler B. Four pipes e are usually suffi-
cient to maintain a thoroughly complete water circulation: a larger or smaller
number of such pipes can, however, according to the size of the boiler, be equally
well arranged.
Laterally, each furnace is limited by a number, corresponding to the depth
thereof, of vertical tubes h, which are rolled or otherwise tightly fastened in
common end caps i, i, which are connected with the vertical pipes e by inter-
mediate pipes k.
In the whole of the grate-tubes a, d, and h there is an extremely active circula-
tion of the water and in consequence of this a rapid evolution of steam. The
bubbles of steam produced in these tubes pass through the rising pipes e and their
connecting pipes g towards the upper boiler B or the steam collector, which is
divided by vertical heating-tubes into two chambers B1 and B2. One B¹ of
these chambers serves for the collection and the other 132 for the discharging or

page_text: removal of the steam produced. The latter must consequently pass through
between the several tubes and is in this way completely dried by the hot gases
drawn through the same.
Instead of being divided as in the examples represented respectively in Figs. 1
to 4 inclusive, and in Figs. 5 and 6, the furnace can equally well be a single and
the lateral grate-
continuous one surrounding the entire boiler. In such case,
tubes are, of course, omitted.
For the better utilization of the heat in the flame-space remaining between
the vertical grate and water tubes a and the boiler wall, there are arranged on
the lower boiler A, tubular loops m (Figs. 1 and 2) or water tubes m' (Figs. 5
and 6), the latter being connected directly to the upper boiler B.
Whilst in the example represented in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the tubes forming
the grates of the furnaces open again into the lower boiler A, those of the example
shown in Figs. 5 and 6 are connected to the upper boiler B directly and open
laterally into the same. The steam-collecting chamber is consequently in the
latter case outside the heating tubes and the steam-discharging place inside the
same, whilst in the example shown in Figs. 1 to 4 the reverse is the case.
In Fig. 7 there is represented in side view, in Fig. 8 in front elevation, and
in Fig. 9 in plan, a steam-generator based on the same principle. In this case,
there is substituted for the lower boiler a pipe A A¹ and for the upper boiler a
system B of tubular serpentines, which are connected directly with one another by
the water-tubes a which form the inner grate.
This steam-generator can be provided with a furnace on each of two opposite
sides. In the present case, however, for the sake of better oversight, only one
furnace is provided.
The furnace chamber F is externally limited by a water-tube serpentine d,
which serves as a grate and is connected with the vertical pipe A'. This is fed
by a water-receptacle C through a bent piece or pipe e and is in open connexion at
its lower end with the cross-pipe A. To this pipe A are connected, in any desired
number, the water-tubes a, which are led vertically upwards and form the inner
wall of the furnace. For this purpose, they are arranged at a small distance
apart from one another, so that the hot gases can pass into the inner chamber D
between or through the slits formed. A bent piece E, which serves as a fire-
bridge and is built at a suitable height behind the vertical grate-tubes a, compels
the hot gases to pass in the direction indicated by arrows.
Each of the grate-tubes a, which are arranged side by side, in any desired
number, in accordance with the size of the boiler, is bent above the fire-bridge E
backwards and forms from there onwards a sparat tubular serpentine.
The several tubular serpentines, which are arranged side by side at a small
distance apart, finally pass outwards and are joined to a common pipe G, which
again communicates, though a union y with the water receptacle C.
The water in the receptacle C, which is maintained as near as possible at a
constant level, is under the direct pressure of the steam produced, and is by it
preliminarily heated.
By the tubular serpentines, which are arranged close together and side by side,
the rising hot gases are prevented from being immediately drawn away, and
are rendered capable of being used in the most productive manner. They escape
by the chimney H after passing the tubular serpentines.
The several tubular serpentines can be constructed as desired. In the arrange-
ment represented they are, by way of example, formed of several tubular pieces h
of equal length, of which each two end in a connecting cap.
The vertical pipe A' connected with the lower cross pipe A has a length corre-
sponding to the height of the boiler and is provided above the bent pipe c with
the usual fittings, as water-level indicator, test-cocks, etc. Near its upper-end,
it is in connexion through a tubular piece with the pipe G. The steam-outlet
pipe is connected either to this pipe or to the pipe A¹.
On the end of the pipe A' is a safety-valve S.

page_text: In consequence of the peculiar combination of the water-tubes a, which form
the grate of the furnace, with the heating tubes 7 (Figs. 1 to 6) provided in the
upper boiler B in the one case, and the system of tubular serpentines (Figs. 7, 8,
and 9) in the other case, the furnace produces, along with a very quick evolution
of steam resulting from the rapid circulation of the water, a perfectly dry steam.
In addition to this, the combustion is smokeless and therefore very little dirt is
deposited on the tubes etc. Moreover, the hot gases produced, which in the case
of other water-tube boilers, after passing over and around the tubes, escape direct
into the chimney, are considerably better utilized by the arrangement of the
heating-tubes or the tubular serpentines.
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.
I, JEAN GUSTAVE ADOLPHE DONNELEY, of 1, Neumannstrasse 24, Hamburg,
Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
In a steam-generator according to this invention the grate is formed by vertical
water-tubes, which lie with their upper parts which are of greater diameter,
close together and in this way also form a wall of the generator.
In the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification three examples of such
generators are represented.
The lower part A of such a steam-generator is provided all round with radially
arranged water-tubes a (Figs. 1 to 6), which can be connected at their upper
ends either again to the said lower part (Figs. 1 to 4) or directly to the upper
boiler or steam collector B (Figs. 5 and 6). They are, at their upper part,
arranged close together and side by side in order to a certain extent to form
the wall of the generator, and have, at their lower part, a reduced diameter, so
that between the several tubes free spaces are formed through which the hot gases
reach the interior.
Each of these radial tubes a can be of one piece suitably bent (Figs. 1 and 2,
left-hand side) or be composed of several pieces (Figs. 1 and 2, right-hand side).
In the latter case, the parts a', the upper portions of which form the wall of
the generator and the lower portions the grate of the furnace, are fastened at
both ends in angle-pieces b to which are connected horizontal and radially
arranged tubular pieces c. The angle-pieces b can advantageously be united to
any desired number of vertical tubes a¹ (in the drawings four are shown by way of
example), which then open into a common tube (Figs. 1 and 2, right-hand side).
The outer limit of the furnace is formed by horizontal tubes d, arranged one
over another, and which are all tightly fastened to common vertical pipes e, which,
in turn, communicate at their lower parts, through connecting pipes f, with
the lower part A of the boiler, and, at their upper parts, through pipes g, with
the upper boiler B. Four pipes e are usually sufficient to maintain a thoroughly
complete water circulation but a larger or small number of such pipes can, be
equally well employed according to the size of the boiler.
Laterally, each furnace is limited by a number, corresponding to the depth
thereof, of vertical tubes h, which are rolled or otherwise tightly fastened in

page_text: common end caps i, which are connected with the vertical pipes e by intermediate
pipes k.
In the whole of the grate-tubes a, d, and h there is an extremely active circu-
lation of the water and in consequence of this a rapid evolution of steam. The
bubbles of steam produced in these tubes pass through the rising pipes e and their
connecting pipes g towards the upper boiler or steam collector B, (hereinafter
termed upper boiler) which is divided by annularly arranged vertical heating-
tubes into two chambers B1 and B2. One of these chambers serves for the col-
lection and the other for the discharging or removal of the steam produced.
The latter must consequently pass through between the several tubes and is in
this way completely dried by the hot gases drawn through the same.
Instead of being, divided as in the examples represented respectively in
Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, and in 5 and 6, the furnace can equally well be a single
and continuous one surrounding the entire boiler. In such case, the lateral grate-
tubes are, of course, omitted.
For the better utilization of the heat in the flame-space remaining between
the vertical grate and water tubes a or a¹ and the boiler wall, there are arranged
on the lower boiler A, tubular loops m (Figs. 1 and 2), or water tubes m¹ (Figs. 5
and 6), the latter being connected directly to the upper boiler B.
Whilst in the example represented in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the tubes forming
the grates of the furnaces open again into the lower boiler A, those of the
example shown in Figs. 5 and 6 are connected to the upper boiler B directly and
open laterally into the same. The steam-collecting chamber is consequently in
the latter case outside the heating tubes and the steam-discharging place inside
the same, whilst in the example shown in Figs. 1 to 4 the reverse is the case.
In Fig. 7 there is represented in side view, in Fig. 8 in front elevation, and in
Fig. 9 in plan, a steam-generator based on the same principle. In this case, there
is substituted for the lower boiler a pipe A A', and for the upper boiler a
system B of tubular serpentines, which are connected directly with one another
by the water-tubes a which form the inner grate.
This steam-generator can be provided with a furnace on each of two opposite
sides. In the present case, however, for the sake of better oversight, only one
furnace is provided.
The furnace chamber F is externally limited by a water-tube serpentine d,
which serves as a grate and is connected with the vertical pipe A¹. This is fed
by a water-receptacle C through a bent piece or pipe c, and is in connection at its
lower end with the cross-pipe A. To this pipe A are connected, in any desired
number, the water-tubes a, which are led vertically upwards and form the inner
wall of the furnace. For this purpose, they are arranged at a small distance
apart from one another, so that the hot gases can pass into the inner chamber D
between or through the spaces so formed. An arched piece E, which serves as
a fire-bridge and is built at a suitable height behind the vertical grate-tubes a,
compels the hot gases to pass in the direction indicated by arrows.
Each of the grate-tubes a, which are arranged side by side, in any desired
number, according to the size of the boiler, is bent above the fire-bridge E back-
wards, and forms from there onwards a separate tubular serpentine.
The several tubular serpentines which are arranged side by side at a small
distance apart, finally pass outwards and are joined to a common pipe G, which
again communicates, through a union g, with the water receptacle."
The water in the receptacle C, which is maintained as near as possible at a
constant level, is under the direct pressure of the steam produced, and is by it
preliminarily heated.
By the tubular serpentines, which are arranged close together and side by
side, the rising hot gases are prevented from being immediately drawn away,
and are rendered capable of being used in the most productive manner. They
escape by the chimney H after passing the tubular serpentines.
The several tubular serpentines can be constructed as desired. In the arrange-

page_text: ment represented they are, by way of example, formed of several tubular pieces h
of equal length, of which each two end in a connecting cap.
The vertical pipe A' connected with the lower cross-pipe A has a length corre-
sponding to the height of the boiler and is provided above the bent pipe e with
the usual fittings, as water-level indicator, test-cocks, etc. Near its upper end,
it is in connection through a tubular piece 7 with the pipe G. The steam-outlet
pipe is connected either to this pipe or to the pipe A.
On the end of the pipe is a safety-valve S.
In consequence of the peculiar combination of the water-tubes a which form
the grate of the furnace, with the heating tubes 7 (Figs. 1 to 6) provided in the
upper boiler B in the one case, and the system of tubular serpentines (Figs. 7, 8
and 9) in the other case, the furnace produces, along with a very quick evolution
of steam resulting from the rapid circulation of the water, a perfectly dry steam.
In addition to this, the combustion is smokeless and therefore very little dirt is
deposited on the tubes etc. Moreover, the hot gases produced, which in the case
of other water-tube boilers, after passing over and around the tubes, escape direct
into the chimney, are very effectively utilized by the arrangement of the heating-
tubes or the tubular serpentines.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A steam-generator comprising a lower boiler (A), an upper boiler (B) and
outer water tubes (a) which latter extend from the lower part of the said lower
boiler and terminate either in the upper part thereof or in the upper boiler and
serve as inner grate tubes for the furnaces, which partly or wholly surround the
boiler and are externally limited by water-tubes (d), substantially as herein
described and illustrated.
2. In a steam-generator of the kind referred to in Claim 1, arranging in the
combustion space between the inner wall of the lower boiler and the vertical
iubes whose lower portions form the furnace grates, so as to better utilize the
heat at that part either a number of tube loops (m Figs. 1 and 2) or water tubes
(m Figs. 2 and 3) the latter connected directly with the upper boiler (B), substan-
tially as herein described and illustrated.
3. In a steam-generator of the kind referred to in Claim 1, dividing the upper
boiler (B), by means of heating tubes which are arranged annularly and at a
distance from one another, into two chambers, viz. a steam-collecting chamber,
and a steam-removing chamber, the arrangement being such that the steam
is dried as it passes between the heating tubes, on its way from the collecting
chamber to the removing chamber, substantially as herein described and
illustrated.
4. A modified form of the steam-generator referred to in the preceding claims,
in which the water tubes which serve as the inner grate tubes, are connected
at their lower parts with a common tube A A¹ and at their upper parts with a
tube-serpentine system (B), the former as a substitute for the lower boiler (A)
and the latter for the upper boiler (B) of the arrangements referred to in the
preceding claims.
5. Steam generators constructed arranged and operating substantially as respec-
tively shewn in and described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive Figs. 5
and 6 and Figs. 7 to 9 inclusive of the drawings.
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.
CILIN
uay
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.