IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1841

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
YOUNG, of Queen Street, in the City of London, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Ninth day of July, in the fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself,
Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Young,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Thomas Young, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Thomas Young, my exors, admiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso, that I, the said Thomas Young, shall cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
☐ NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the
said Thomas Young, do hereby. declare that the nature of my Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to

page_text: the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say-
The first part of my Invention relates to a mode of constructing small hand
and chamber lamps on the argand principle; the hand lamp allowing of being
carried about, in consequence of a mode of using surfaces of wire gauze or
finely perforated metal for the passage of the air to support combustion.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a section of a lamp constructed according to the first part
of my Invention; Figure 2 shows a plan thereof. a is the oil vessel, having a
suitable apparatus applied thereto for a tubular wick, similar to those of
ordinary argand lamps. When this oil vessel a is to be used as a hand lamp
it is put into a frame b, the nature of which will readily be traced in the
Drawing, the arrows indicating the direction of the air; c being a disc or sur-
face of wire cloth through which the air passes in its way to the interior of
the flame; and d is another disc or surface of wire cloth applied to the gallery
through which the air to support combustion at the outside of the flame passes;
and it will readily be understood that by such use of wire cloth or finely perfo-
rated metal any sudden rush of air is prevented, thus rendering the lamp
very suitable for being carried about.
The oil vessel of this lamp may, when desired, be placed on a stem or
candlestick, as is shown at Figure 3, or in other suitable stand, a bottom e,
similar to other lamps, being applied. Figure 4 shows the surfaces of wire
cloth separately.
I will now proceed to describe the second part of my Invention, which
relates to a mode of constructing an argand lamp, by conducting the air down-
wards for the internal current of the lamp. Figure 5 shows a section of this
lamp; Figure 6 shows a plan of the burner; and Figure 7 shows an external
view of the tubes of the burner without the wick. f is the oil vessel, which I
make of glass or other suitable material; 9, 9, are tubes for conducting the
air from above downwards into the interior of the flame, as is indicated by the
arrows; in this manner air may be caused to pass to any arrangement of
argand burner, and any dirt which may fall from the wick will descend to the
bottom of the oil vessel. i is the tube around which the spiral groove is formed
for causing the wick to rise when it is turned round; this tube i is fixed at the
bottom to the tubes g, g, and the tubes 9, g, have a projecting flange, which
constitutes the cover of the opening into the oil vessel, as is shewn in the
Drawing. is the gallery for the chimney, which rests on the tube k, and to
it are affixed the wires 7, 7, which rest in grooves formed in the wick-holder or

page_text: short tube n; hence, when the gallery is turned the wick-holder will be turned
by the wires 1, 1, and owing to the wick-holder having a projection or nib which
enters the spiral groove in the tube i, the wick-holders will rise as it is caused
to move round.
I will now proceed to describe the third part of my Invention, which is
shewn in horizontal section at Figure 8, a vertical section is shown at Figure 9;
and side view of the lower parts is shown at Figure 10. The object of this
part of my Invention is to obtain the necessary supply of air for combustion
to carriage lamps from the interior of a carriage, thus preventing the injurious
effects produced by violent currents of air when travelling with speed; and by
this arrangement, the air of the carriage being drawn off to supply a lamp or
lamps will ventilate the carriage. A is a portion of a carriage through which
the tube B passes, and this tube should be capable of turning freely within
the opening through the carriage, in order that the lamp may at all times
retain a horizontal position notwithstanding any variation in the position of
the carriage; C, C, are two friction rollers which support the hollow tube B,
and thus allow of its moving freely between them. The tube B is formed into
a hoop or ring B', and there is a hollow axis D placed across the ring B', and
moving freely at the two points or openings D1, D2, there being a set screw E
by which the axis D is retained correctly in its bearings, as is shewn, the
end D of the axis having several holes by which the air passes, as is indicated
by the arrows of the Drawing, and the air passes freely through the end D¹ of
the axis D. The axis D has affixed thereto a weight F, which at all times tends
to keep the parts in the same horizontal position; and G is a weight which at
all times has a tendency to keep the ring B₁ in the same horizontal position,
and the lamp is applied to a frame affixed to the upper part of the axis D, as
is shown; hence it will be seen that the supply of air is from within the
carriage, and the lamp is maintained in a horizontal position..
I will now describe the fourth part of my Invention, which relates to a mode
of constructing lamps for ships' purposes. Figure 11 shows a side view of a
lamp, the lower parts of which are at all times kept upright, being shown in
section. Figure 12 is a plan of the apparatus for retaining the lamp in a
vertical position. The stem of the lamp is made of parts capable of. sliding
one within another, and when the weather will allow of it the lamp may stand
at any desired height, depending on the length of the sliding tubes. HI is a
portion of a table or other surface on which it is desired the lamp should
stand, there being an opening in the table or other surface; I is a weight sus-
pended by axes J, J, in the frame K, as is shown, and the frame K is suspended.
by axes L, L; by this means the surface weight on which the lamp is fixed

page_text: will at all times be horizontal, notwithstanding the position of the surface of
the table, and the table will be level on the upper surface when the lamp is
removed:
I will now, describe the fifth part of my Invention, which relates to a mode
of applying a surface within a glass chimney. The surface employed consists
of a circular plate of metal or other suitable material, having a hole cut through
it for the flame to pass, and several small holes around the larger one through
which air may pass, and thus to regulate the air, which passes up with the
flame, and aids in supporting combustion as well as keeping up a draught
through the chimney. Figure 13 shows glass chimney of a lamp wherein
the plate Z is suspended from above; and Figure 14 shews another glass
chimney of a lamp having the plate Z suspended from above by rods or wires;
similar to Figure 13, but in this case there is a second plate Z used at the
top of the chimney.
I will now describe the sixth part of my:-Invention, which relates to the--so
arranging the construction of the glass chimney and the plate Z that air may
be admitted above the plate Z. Figure 15 shews the section of a glass
chimney, which is made of two parts Y, Y. The plate Z rests on the lower
part Y, and the plate Z has another plate Z applied thereto, but at a short
distance therefrom, which plate Z serves as the support for the part of Y¹ of the
chimney, and the space between the plate Z, Z; allows of air to pass all
around above the plate Z; the two plates are combined together, with the
rods X, X, which entering into the two parts of the chimney keep them
correctly together. Figure 16 shews another arrangement, simply differing in
the shape of the parts of the chimney. Figures 17 and 18 shew two other,
sections of chimneys for introducing air above the plate Z, there being only one
plate Z used. Figure 19 shews a mode of introducing the air through perfora-
tions made in the chimney. Figure 20 shews another mode of forming the
chimney in separate parts for the purpose of introducing the air at different
heights.
I will now describe the seventh part of my Invention. Figure 21 shews the
section of an arrangement of chimney formed of two parts, having a plate Z
between them. Figure 22 shews another arrangement. Figure 23 shews
another arrangement of glass chimney made of parts, producing the required
plate Z as part of the chimney. Figure 24. shews an arrangement of glass;
chimney in two parts; having a glass plate Z introduced between them; and
Figure 25 shews an arrangement of glass chimney made of two parts, the
requisite plate Z being produced as part of the upper portion of the chimney.
I will now describe the eighth part of my Invention, which relates to a mode

page_text: of raising the chimney, so as to set the same in a position where it will produce
the best character of flame. Figure 26 shows a side section of a gallery of a
lamp and parts for raising the wick. Figure 27 shows a plan of the same
parts; and Figure 28 shews the wick-holder separately. The wick-holder.has
a neb (1) on one side, and there may be a groove. (2) on the other side, and
by the neb entering between the two bars (3), the bar (4) entering into
the groove (2), the wick-holder will be caused to turn when the gallery is
turned, as will be seen on examining the Drawing; and the glass is made to
stand higher or lower, according as the ring (5) on which the glass chimney
stands is screwed more or less into the outer ring (6). Figure 29 shows a side
section, and Figure 30 a plan, of another gallery of a lamp; and Figure 30
shews the wick-holder separately. The difference in this arrangement is, that
the wick-holder has two grooves, one on each side, and the gallery moves it
round by having only two bars, and the part of the gallery which regulates, the
height of the glass chimney is in this case on the outside, and is set fast by a
set screw (7), hence when regulated and fixed by the screw (7) the gallery
all moves together. Figure 32 shews another mode of regulating the height
of the glass chimney; in this case the gallery is regulated by the two screw
nuts (8, 8), one on each side.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the--manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that what
I claim is,
First, the mode of making hand lamps as shown and described in respect
to Figures 1 and 2; and I also claim the mode of applying woven wire
surfaces to argand lamps, as described in respect to Figures 1, 2, 3,
and 4.
Secondly, I claim the mode of conducting air from above into the interior
of an argand burner, as above described in respect to Figures 5, 6, and 7.
Thirdly, I claim the mode of supplying carriage lamps with air from within
the carriage, and so arranging the parts as to retain the lamps in a vertical
position, as above described.
Fourthly, I claim the mode of retaining a lamp in a vertical position at sea,
by applying the apparatus above described to a table or other fixed surface.
Fifthly, I claim the mode of applying a plate or surface Z within the glass
chimneys of lamps by suspending the plate Z from above, as described in
respect to Figures 13 and 14.
Sixthly, I claim the introduction of air intermediate of the length of the
chimney by applying perforated chimneys, or chimneys made of two or more
parts, as above described.

page_text: Seventhly, I claim the making of chimneys of two parts and applying a
plate Z between them, or forming the plate Z on one of the parts of the
chimney.
And, eighthly, I claim the mode herein described of regulating the height
of the chimney and plate Z.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Young, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-two.