A MACHINE FOR IMPROVING THE PRESENT MODE OF SPINNING AND ROVING WOOL, SILK, COTTON, FLAX, HEMP, OR OTHER MATERIALS, WHICH, BY ADAPTING THE SIM- PLEST PRINCIPLE OF THE PRESENT EXPENSIVE AND COMPLICATED ROVING JACKS OR DICKS TO THE SPINNING FRAMES NOW IN USE (IN LIEU OF THE COMMON SPINDLE), AND BY WINDING THE THREADS HORIZONTALLY UPON THE BOBBINS, ADDED TO ITS COMPACTNESS AND OTHER DESIRABLE PROPERTIES, KEEPS THE THREADS FROM BREAK- ING DOWN, REQUIRES THE ATTENDANCE OF FEWER HANDS, SAVES THE RAW MA- TERIALS, WHICH IN THE PRESENT METHODS OF SPINNING ARE GREATLY WASTED, PREVENTS THE FRAMES FROM BEING CLOGGED UP, AND WILL GRLY OF SNINGMES BY DISCONTINUING THEREIN THE EXPENSIVE PART WHICH PRODUCES THE HEART MOTION and and
Year: 1792

page_text: TESCHEMACHER'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
ROGER TESCHEMACHER, of the Parish of Clarbrough, in the County of Not-
tingham, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the
Sixth day of November, in the thirty-third year of His reign, did give and
grant unto me, the said John Roger Teschemacher, His special licence that
I, the said John Roger Teschemacher, during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"A MACHINE FOR IMPROVING THE PRESENT MODE OF SPINNING AND ROVING WOOL,
SILK, COTTON, FLAX, HEMP, OR OTHER MATERIALS, WHICH, BY ADAPTING THE SIM-
PLEST PRINCIPLE OF THE PRESENT EXPENSIVE AND COMPLICATED ROVING JACKS OR
DICKS TO THE SPINNING FRAMES NOW IN USE (IN LIEU OF THE COMMON SPINDLE),
AND BY WINDING THE THREADS HORIZONTALLY UPON THE BOBBINS, ADDED TO ITS
COMPACTNESS AND OTHER DESIRABLE PROPERTIES, KEEPS THE THREADS FROM BREAK-
ING DOWN, REQUIRES THE ATTENDANCE OF FEWER HANDS, SAVES THE RAW MA-
TERIALS, WHICH IN THE PRESENT METHODS OF SPINNING ARE GREATLY WASTED,
PREVENTS THE FRAMES FROM BEING CLOGGED UP, AND WILL GREATLY REDUCE THE
PRICE OF NEW SPINNING FRAMES BY DISCONTINUING THEREIN THE EXPENSIVE PART
WHICH PRODUCES THE HEART MOTION;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso obliging me, the said John Roger Teschemacher, by an
instrument under my hand and seal, to describe and ascertain the nature of

page_text: my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed. and to
cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within one culendar month next and immediately after the date of the said
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same (relation being thereunto had),
may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said John
Roger Teschemacher, do hereby declare that my said Machine for Improving the
Present Mode of Spinning and Roving Wool, Silk, Cotton, Flax, Hemp, or other
Materials, which, by adapting the Simplest Principle of the Present Expensive
and Complicated Roving Jacks or Dicks to the Spinning Frames now in use (in
lieu of the Common Spindle), and by Winding the Threads Horizontally on the
Bobbins, added to its Compactness and other desirable Properties, keeps the
Threads from Breaking Down, requires the Attendance of Fewer Hands, saves
the Raw Materials, which in the Present Methods of Spinning are Greatly
Wasted, prevents the Frames from being Clogged up, and will Greatly Reduce
the Price of New Spinning Frames by Discontinuing therein the Expensivo
Part which Produces the Heart Motion, is fully delineated and set forth in the
several annexed Plans; by which, and by the explanation of the same here-
after given, it will appear that the simplest principle, being in this machine
combined with compactness in point of size or bulk, entirely removes the
many objections to the methods of spinning by jacks or dicks hitherto prac-
tised. An explanation of which several annexed Plans exhibiting fifteen
several view or geometrical elevations, marked with the several letters and
figures, Figre. No. 1, Figre. No. 2, Figre. No. 3, Figre. No: 7, Figre. No. 8,
Figre. No. 4, Figre. No. 5, Figro. No. 6. Figre. No. 10, Figre. No. 9,
Figre. No. 11, Figre. No. 12, Figre. No. 13, Figre. No. 14, and Figre. No. 15,
will describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention and machine,
and in what manner the same is to be performed and put in practice (viz'):-!
That part of the Plans or Views marked Figro. No. 1, is a side view of the
horizontal spindle with two rollers, and tho letter A represents tho spindlo on
which the haft is fixed in the usual mode of a common spindle with its stop
and collar; the diameter of the haft is to be calculated so as to adapt the
same to the exact proportions of the wheelage and diameters of the spindlo
and spinning frame. At B the spindle, is screwed into the frame or. flyer
marked C,, which has perpendicular slot holes for the reception of the two
roller and the bobbin or spole. D represents the wheel which turns within
the circle of a horizontal hollow worm, and gives motion to a roller within the
frame, which, in that part of the plans marked Figre. No. 2, is shown at the
letter E. The axis of this wheel must be laid somewhat out of the centre of

page_text: 'the frame or flyer C, that the wheel may work in due gear with the said
horizontal hollow worm. The letter F represents a roller and axis rosting in
the slot of the frame or flyer C. This roller may either be turned bevel, or the
diameter may on the one side be a little larger than on the other. The bevel
(in either mode), if properly adapted to the breadth of the roller, is the means
by which the bobbin or spole is filled even and with the most perfect
regularity, and the threads will wind off with great ease.
This roller receives
its motion from the roller marked E, shewn in that part of the Plans which is
marked Figre. No. 2. G represents the bobbin (which is turned by the
roller above described, marked F), through the centre whereof a pin or spindle,
marked with the letter H, is introduced. On the ends of the pin marked H
two hooks, marked with the letter I, rest, which are constructed with a slide
or slot to enable them to rise and fall on each side of the frame or flyer C,
and to which frame or flyer they are fastened by means of a nob. The letter
K represents a spring which is fastened to each side of the frame or flyer C
at L, and is made to rest on the hook above described (marked I) at M.
The elasticity of these springs depresses the hooks, and thereby holds the
bobbin firmly down to the rollers whether the bobbin be full or empty. The
letter N represents the hollow worm lying in a horizontal position, in the
circle of which the frame or flyer C with the wheel D runs, and by which the
wheel D is turned.
That part of the Plans or Views marked Figre. No. 2 is a front view of the
same horizontal spindle with two rollers. A represents the spindle; B, the place
where the same is screwed into the frame or flyer C; D, the wheel fastened
to the axis of the roller E, and giving the leading motion to the same. The
diameter of the roller marked with the letter E, and the number of teeth in
the wheel D, are calculated so as to be perfectly correspondent, with the
wheelages and diameters of the spinning frame to which they are adapted;
and if due attention be given to this particular, the bobbin G will, every second
of time, wind on the exact quantity of thread which is delivered by the spin-
ning rollers, and, consequently, give the greatest possible security in spinning.
The roller E may be either fluted or covered with cloth. This roller turns the
bevel roller F, which is covered with cloth and communicates the motion to
the bobbin G, which in this part of the Plans is represented as filled with
thread. The bobbin G in order to wind the thread on well without the
common incumbrance of the heart motion, must lie in an inclined position,
which may be done by a bevel roller, as specified at F in that part of the
annexed Plans which is marked Figre. No. 1, or by sinking deeper or diminish-
ing one of the axis of the roller marked E, or by one of the springs K being

page_text: stronger than the other, or by the one of the hook (I) being shorter than the
other. The letters H, H, represent the loose pin or spindle which runs
through the center of the bobbiu G, and rests at the extremities in the slot
holes on each side of the frame or flyer C. The letters I, I, represent the
hooks on cach side of the frame or flyer C. These two hooks are connected.
by a cross piece at the bottom. When the bobbin G is wanted to be taken
off, they are to be lifted up, and by means of a small catch in the frame or
flyer C will remain up until the bobbin is replaced; a slight touch of the hand
will place them again in an acting position. The length of the hooks must be
adapted to the bevel of the roller. Were they of equal length, they would, in
a great measure, destroy or counteract the effect of the bevel roller. The
letters K, K, represent the two springs; the letter N represents the horizontal
hollow worm; and the letter O, the joint of the horizontal hollow worm where
the wheel D. at every revolution gains one tooth.
That part of the Plans or Views marked Figre. No. 3 is a front view of the
horizontal spindle with three rollers, which acts in every respect upon the
same principles as the horizontal spindle with two rollers, marked in the Plans
Figre. No. 1 and Figre. No. 2, above described, only that a third roller is
introduced to retard the motion of the bobbin, and thereby adapt it to very
fine spinning. The view itself explains fully the principle upon which this
spindle with three rollers acts.
Those parts of the Plans or Views marked Figre. No. 4 and Figure No. 5
are side and front views of the horizontul spindle with one roller, which acts
in every respect upon the same principles as the horizontal spindle with two
rollers, marked in the Plans Figre. No. 1 and Figre. No. 2, above described.
The wheel D and horizontal hollow worm N are obliged to be of larger
dimensions that in Figure No. 1 and Figre. No. 2, and therefore are not so
convenient for use. Figre. No. 4 is drawn with the haft P affixed to the
spindle A..
That part of the Plans or Views marked Figre. No. 6 represents a top view
of tho hollow worm in its acting horizontal position. At the letter A it is
scrowed to the spinning frame. Bis the centre on which the spindle and
frame or flyer make their revolutions; and C is the joint where the wheel with
every revolution of the spindle gains one tooth. This joint may, with perhaps
better effect, be placed at D.
That part of the Plans or Views marked Figre. No. 7 is a vibrating guide
wire, which may be used instead of the bevel roller to spread the thread equally
upon the bobbin or spolc. A shews the part which is to be loosely fastened to
that part of the Figure No. 2, which is marked with the letter P. B shews

page_text: the hole through which the thread runs. C represents a bend in the wire to
place the hole B in a horizontal direction. The letters D, D, mark two
branches or arms which lie on cach side of the roller F in Figre. No. 1.
When using the guide wire two semicircles of wire or other substance (at
R, Figre. No. are fastened into the said roller F. At S, the wire projects
one-eighth part of an inch or other width proportionate to the breadth of the
bobbin or heighth of the guide wire. At T (by a gradual inclined direction)
the wire is brought to the exact plane of the roller F. On the opposite side
of the roller F the semicircle is placed in an exact contrary direction. When
the roller F is in motion it gives the guide wire a continued vibration back-
wards and forwards.
That part of the Plans or Views marked Figre. No. 8 is a weight B and
& hook A, whereof two may be used on any of the horizontal spindles instead
of the hooks marked I, I, and the springs marked K, K, in Figre. 2. These
weights are to be fastened by means of the eye or hook A upon the pins H, I,
in the same direction as the hooks I, I.
That part of the Plans or Views marked Figre. No. 9 is a front view of an
horizontal spindle with one roller, which may be turned with wheels instead of
the horizontal hollow worm herein-before described. K represents a dead
wheel of spur gear, which is fastened firmly to the spinning frame, and through
the centre of which the spindle A passes, turning therein quite freely. L
represents a spur wheel fastened to the axis or spindle marked M, which goes
thro' the bottom of the frame or flyer C, and has a pinion marked N near the
top of it. The pinion N runs in gear with teeth fastened to the flat side of
the roller F. When the spindle A turns, the wheel L must revolve round
the dead wheel K, and thereby give motion to the roller F. In all other
respects the movements and principles are the same as in the several horizontal
spindles before mentioned.
That part of the Plans or Views marked Figre. No. 10 is a top view of the
two wheels K and L, and the axis or spindle M, referred to in the description
of Figre. No. 9. A represents the dead wheel, which is to be fastened with
screws to the spinning frame. B shews the place. where the spindle A in
Figre. No. 9 passes freely through the dead wheel. C is the spur wheel, and
E is the axis or spindle with the pinion near the top.
That part of the Plans or Views marked Figure No. 11 is a front view of an
horizontal spindle with two rollers, which may be turned upon an upright
hollow worm, instead of the horizontal hollow worm herein-before described.
K represents the upright hollow worm, which is firmly fastened to the spinning
frame, and through the centre of which the spindle A passes, turning therein

page_text: quite freely. L represcuts an eccentric bevil wheel, which may be cut from
the centre about one eighth of an inch, and is to be firmly fastened round the
centre of roller E, and acts upon the upright worm K. The roller E is placed
somewhat out of the centre of the frame or flyer C. The roller F is grooved
so as to admit a free passage to the wheel L. When the spindle A turns, the
wheel L must gain one tooth at every revolution, and communicate the motion
to the rollers E and F and the bobbin G. The bottom of the frame or flyer C
on the farther side remains uncut.
That part of the Plans or Views marked Figre. No. 12 represents the upright
hollow worm.
That part of the Plans or Views marked Figre. No. 13 is a view of an
horizontal tube spindle with two rollers. A represents the toe of the spindle
running in its step. C, the frame or flyer, with slot holes for the two rollers
and bobbin. M is the spindle haft, which is transposed to the top of the
machine, and is firmly fastened in its centre on the tube N. The tube N is
fastened to the spinning frame by incans of the collar O. The thread passes
from the spinning rollers through the tube N to the bobbin G. In all other
rospects the movements and principles of this horizontal tube spindle, with
springs, weights, and hooks, are the same as in the several horizontal spindles
before explained and mentioned.
That part of the Plans or Views,marked Figre. No. 14 represents two books
and a weight, which may be used with all the several before-described spindles,
but is particularly calculated for Figre. No. 13. A, A, are the hooks. B is
a circular weight, which will turn round the spindle A, and may also turn
round the upright hollow worm K in Figre. No. 18. The hooks A, A, are to
be fastened to the frame or flyer C, with little hooks, eyes, or nobs to keep
them steady.
That part of the Plans or Views marked Figre. No. 15 is a top view of a
guide, which is firmly fixed to the woodwork of the spinning frame between the
spinning rollers and any of the horizontal spindles before mentioned. A repre-
sents a hole in which the thread runs, which hole is to be placed exactly over
the centre of the horizontal spindle then in use. B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B,
an indefinite number of holes; changing the thread from one hole to the others,
if occasion requires, will insure a perfect even or level bobbin, particularly
when the bobbin has an inclined position, as described at G, Figre. No. 2;
but it may likewise be used with success if the bobbin lies on a perfect
horizontal plane, and in that case the hole A in this Figure may alone be
sufficient, although it will not fill the bobbin so completely as with the aid of
the holes B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B. A horizontal heart motion might likewise

page_text: be fixed to the woodwork of the spinning frame on which the guides are
fastened, to move horizontally backwards and forwards from the hole A to the
last hole B, either on the right or left of A. But as the bobbin will fill
regularly without this motion, there will scarce ever be occasion for it. When
the guide, Figre. No. 15, is adapted to the tube spindle, Figre. No. 13, it
should then be fastened within the frame or flyer C immediately under the
tube N. The rollers of any of the above-described horizontal spindles may
likewise be turned by a common spiral worm, fastened in the same position as
the upright hollow worm in Figre. No. 11, a bevel wheel giving motion to the
bevel wheel L in Figre. No. 11; in which case wheel L is not cut eccentric.
The Plans and Views are all drawn by a scale of inches which accompanies
them, and will shew the exact size of the real spindles above described; but
they may be used either larger or less than the scale.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Roger Teschemacher, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Third day of December, in the year of
' our Lord One thousand seven hundred and ninety-two.
JOHN ROGER (L.s.) TESCHEMACHER.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Third day of December,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid John Roger Teschemacher came
before our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Fifth day of December, in the rear above written.