matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Reynolds and Georgo
Alfred Samson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st November 1860.
We, WILLIAM REYNOLDS, of Prior Cottage, and GEORGE ALFRED SAMSON, of
Duck Lane, both in Edmonton, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
Boots and shoes, as at present constructed, are injurious to the wearer,
inasmuch as they restrain or prevent the natural action of the foot in walking,
whereby not only fatigue is induced much sooner than if the foot were free to
perform its proper functions, but very often greater evils, such as permanent
lameness, result.
Our Invention is designed to obviate this inconvenience and liability to injury,
and consists in introducing into the waist of the boot or shoe a spring in order
to assist the proper action of the foot, and to give greater case and comfort in
walking to the wearer. The spring may be made either of metal or of whale-
bone, or of other suitable elastic substance, but we prefer to make it of flat
steel of about one-sixteenth of an inch in thickness, one inch in width, and six
inches in length; we do not, however, confine ourselves to these dimensions,
but vary them with the material employed. This spring has cut at each end
of its surface a longitudinal slot, or at one end a slot and at the other a circular
or other shaped hole or holes. We imbed the said spring within the leather of
the waist of the boot or shoe, so as to form a shank or foundation for the sole

page_text: and heel of the boot or shoe, and we fix, one end of the said spring in the
interior of the heel by means of one or more metal or other pins, studs, or
rivets, the spring passing through the waist of the boot or shoe into about the
centre of the sole, where it is held in position by a pin or stud passing through
the slot, which thereby prevents all side movement, although admitting of the 5
requisite play of the spring.
AN IMPROVED RIFLE RANGE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Baillie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th September
1860.
I, BENJAMIN BAILLIE, of No. 7, Henry Street, Cumberland Market, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED RIFLE RANGE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of rifle ranges in a simple and
economic manner, and at the same time affording perfect security to the public
in the most densely populated localities, dispensing with covered galleries, so
objectionable to the perfection of practice at long ranges, admitting at both
sides and the roof a free passage to the wind, and as light as the open air,
also free escape for the smoke. This I propose effecting by forming the sides
and roof of pallisades, either entirely of flat iron, or corrugated and galvanized
if necessary; or wood faced with iron, placed about three feet apart, and set
inwards, or towards the target at an angle of about 45° on plan. The floor is
to be formed of open boarding, the spaces between being either filled up with
some soft material, or left with a space beneath, so that the balls shall be
prevented from richochetting or rebounding; covered shooting stations are to
be placed at about every hundred yards to allow of practice in wet weather at
the various ranges. I propose that the targets be swung on pivots at the sides,
or top and bottom, for the purpose of facilitating the obliteration of the shot
marks, and recording the points; thus, the target being marked on both sides,

page_text: will greatly expedite the ball practice without endangering the life of the
marker. The range being thus constructed, it may be thoroughly lighted with
gas for practice at night, by placing the lamps between the palisades out of
shot range.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1860.
I, JOHN HALL, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Tea Dealer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
I obtain the necessary motions for the feed needle and shuttle from a cam
or eccentric fixed to the under part of the machine. I connect one end of a
rod to the said cam or eccentric, and the other end to a plate under the
feeder and vertical needle; the motion thus communicated gives the necessary
horizontal movement to the feeder and shuttle. The vertical motion of the
needle and needle-holder is also obtained by a roller working in a groove on
the said cam or eccentric communicating motion to a lever or arm outside
the machine extending to the needle-holder, the motion thus given con-
stituting the vertical movement of the needle and holder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John West, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th December
1860. A communication from abroad by John Joseph West, of
Mendota, Illinois, United States of America..
I, JOHN WEST, of Kingstown, near Dublin, do hereby declare the naturo-
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN,"
to be as follows:-
drying grain, by which
These improvements relate to certain apparatus for
the grain is gradually dried by continuously passing it between heated pipes
in a stove or chamber. The wet grain is brought to the apparatus at the
top by a spout or pipe, and when a sufficient quantity has been passed into
the apparatus the supply of wet grain is shut off. The wet grain first enters.
into a hopper or hoppers at the top of the stove or chamber; connected to
and leading from this hopper is. a pipe or spout which conducts the grain to.
a revolving distributor, which throws or distributes the grain over the whole
extent of the stove or chamber. In its descent it falls. between a number of
heated pipes (the number varying according to extent of chamber).. These-
pipes impede its rapid descent and thus give more time for the heat to operate.
on the grain. To insure that the grain is thoroughly dry it is passed several
times between the pipes by the following arrangement:-The grain. falls into.
a hopper or hoppers at the bottom or floor,. and is conducted to elevators.
constructed in the ordinary manner, these elevators lift the grain to the top.
of the chamber into the first hopper, and the same process is repeated. This

page_text: repetition of passing the grain through the heated pipes is continued till the
grain is thoroughly dry, when the communication between the top hopper
and the elevators is cut off, and another communication between the elevators
and a pipe or spout opened leading to the granary or other place as may be
required. When all the dry grain has passed out another quantity of wet
grain is let in, as before described, to go through the same process.
IMPROVE- MENTS APPLICABLE TO CHURNS, WASHING AND MANGLING MACHINES, DOUGH KNEADING MACHINES, AND MIXING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Summerscales at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
August 1860.
I, JOHN SUMMERSCALES, of Coney Lane Mills, in Keighley, in the County of
York, Machinist, do declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS APPLICABLE TO CHURNS, WASHING AND MANGLING MACHINES, DOUGH
KNEADING MACHINES, AND MIXING MACHINES, to be as follows:-
The first part of any Invention, as applicable to churns, consists of a vessel
enclosing a compound agitator which can be worked by three, four,, or more
wheels at pleasure, having only one central shaft, and may be turned either by
hand or other motive power. The compound agitator consists of two drums
or cross bars furnished with radial arms projecting inwards and keyed upon the
central shaft, which turns in one direction, whilst a tubular shaft or long hollow
boss furnished with radial arms or beaters projecting outwards and working
within or between the first-named radial arms turns in the opposite direction.
Thus a double compound movement is created, and the cream is worked up
into butter much quicker than by the churns hitherto in use.
Secondly, as regards washing machines, a modification of the above is also
applicable for washing all kinds of fabrics, the exterior drum or barrel turning
in one direction, whilst the interior beaters or agitators are turned in the reverse
direction, and thus a combination of the dash wheel and rubbing motions is
obtained.

page_text: Another modification of the same arrangement may be used as a root washer
or scraper by attaching to the barrels or beaters, or to both, brushers or graters,
or both brushers and graters, as may be desired.
Thirdly, as regards mixing machines. for size, colors, seeds, paints, or liquids,
and for any dry material whatever, a further modification of the same arrange-
ment is equally applicable, and by a suitable configuration of beaters or knives,
it may be also adapted as a dough-kneading machine.
Fourthly, as regards mangling machines, the Invention consists in attach-
ing the mangling cloth to wooden or iron rods at each end, which rods are
connected to two parallel iron bars which work through slots in the frame at
the end of the rollers, whilst the cloth passes between the rollers.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR CARDING COTTON, FLAX, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Cheetham Hill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th January
1860.
I, HENRY CHEETHAM HILL, of Stalybridge, in the County of Chester,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR CARDING COTTON, FLAX, WOOL,
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in an improved mode of stripping the
fleece of fibrous material from the doffers or rollers of carding engines. In
performing my Invention, I make use of a revolving roller, covered with
combs, which act on the fibrous material adhering to the doffer, and strip it off
in the form of a fleece, the combs being acted upon by a straight edge or
guard to prevent the fleece being carried round by them. A modification of
my Invention consists in causing the combs to pass through slots in a shell or
cover, the axis of which is excentric to that of the comb roller; by this means
when the comb roller and shell are in motion, the fibrous material is stripped
off the combs by the slots in the shell. Other modifications of the revolving
combs for stripping the doffer may be made.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR SPINNING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Strathearn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th September
1860.
I, JOHN STRATHEARN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR SPINNING," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of cotton or other fibrous sliver on
its delivery from cards or from drawing or doubling frames, and has for
object to reduce the amount of breakage and consequent piecing, thereby
improving the quality of the finished material and lessening its cost. For this
purpose the receiving cans are made square, and, by preference, of a com-
paratively large size, and have imparted to them a horizontal reciprocating
motion, which causes the sliver to be laid in straight back and forward folds.
At the same time a comparatively slow motion at right angles to the other is
imparted to a guide from which the sliver falls, or this second motion may also
be imparted to the cans, the sliver in such case falling from a stationary guide.
The sliver thus delivered can be safely subjected to a considerable amount of
packing in the cans, which packing is effected as the delivery proceeds by
means of small rollers working over the cans.
IN- PROVEMENTS IN MEASURING RULES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Blakemore Cox at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,. on the 30th.
May 1860.
I, FRANCIS BLAKEMORE Cox, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,.
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IN-
PROVEMENTS IN MEASURING RULES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in the following methods of making the joints.
of measuring rules. I construct the joint, called the first joint, used for folding
rules of a hinge form, and of cast or stamped metal, the flaps of the hinge-
being of an ornamental character. I attach the sides of the hinge to the
wood or ivory sides of the rule by means of rivets, the flaps of the hinge-
lying by preference on the surface of the rule instead of being inserted therein.
as is usual.. I make the- middle joint of stamped or cast metal, and orna-
mental in form, the parts of the joint lying by preference upon the wood or
ivory sides of the rule in the same way as described with respect to the first
joint.. I fix one part of the joint head on each side of the rule instead of:
fixing both parts on one side as is usually done, I also place the hollow pieces.
corresponding to the parts of the head one on each side of the rule.. I make.
the internal part of the joint of a circular piece of metal fixed. to one of. the.
heads of the joint by riveting or soldering, or the said internal part of. the-
joint may be made solid with one of the heads, of the joint.
My Invention consists, secondly, in making a dial plate at the head of the-
rule, either in or upon the joint, the said dial plate having a number. of stops.

page_text: in which a spring engages. The rule may thereby be partially fixed when
opened at the angle corresponding to any of the stops. The inner part of the
dial is so shaped as to permit the ordinary slide to run through it under-
neath the joint.
My Invention consists, lastly, in capping the ends of rules with ornamental
metallic caps, lying by preference above the level of the rule, the said caps
have a hole when necessary for the slide to run through, and I sometimes
insert a piece of iron or steel between the wood or ivory of the rule and the
ornamental cap to preserve the ends of the rule from wear. The flaps of the
joints herein described, may either be let into the wood or ivory part of the
rule, or may lie on the surface so as to be above the level of the rule. The
joints may be gilded or lacquered, and the dial plate and stop spring may be
applied to measuring rules of the ordinary kind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REEFING AND FURLING SAILS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scott at the Office of the-
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th December-
1860.
I, JOHN SCOTT, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Founder, do.
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REEFING
AND FURLING SAILS," to be as follows:-
My Invention applies to fore and aft as well as to square sails, and consists.
in causing the sail to be reefed or furled from the foot upwards by being rolled
upon a spar or roller provided with sheaves at the ends. Reef lines are carried
from the deck over pulleys or through blocks on the yard, and are made fast
to the sheaves. By hauling on the reef lines the spar is made to rotate, and
the foot of the sail is rolled up thereon; by continuing to haul the sail may be
reefed to the extent required or completely furled. The spar is held in
hoops or rings connected to the topsail sheets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC CLOCKS AND TELE- GRAPHS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morris and Henry Mapple
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
22nd June 1860.
We, WILLIAM MORRIS, of 89, Minories, in the City of London, Watch-
maker, and HENRY MAPPLE, of Child's Hill, Hampstead, in the County of
Middlesex, Electric Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC CLOCKS AND TELE-
GRAPHS," to be as follows:-
1st, causing the impulse weight or spring to give its impulse to the pen-
dulam when the pendulam is moving in the direction of the impulse.
2nd, causing an electro-magnet which gives motion to the train of a clock to
raise the weight or spring which gives impulse to the pendulam, thereby
enabling us to make an electric clock and pendulam with one electro-magnet
instead of two or three, as heretofore used.
3rd, placing a stop on the handle of a telegraph instrument, or using part
of the handle as a stop, which at each to-and-fro movement of the handle
strikes against an elastic buffer or other kind of fixed stop, so as to lessen the
jarring noise and wear of the instrument.
4th, making the soft iron piece that swings on the staff pivots of such a
form at the end near the permanent induction magnet, and so placing the
piece as to cause the attraction of the induction magnet partially or wholly to
bear up the weight of the piece and staff, and to retain the staff in a proper
position pressing gently towards one end or point.

page_text: 5th, making the supporters of the insulators on telegraph posts of one piece,
spaning or grasping the post, so as to carry several insulators with few bolts
or borings.
6th, uniting the metal support pieces to earthenware insulators by im-
bedding them in the insulators at the time of making.
7th, imbedding pieces of graphite, plumbago, charcoal, coke, or other
carbonic substances, to form one pole of a battery in the surface of a vessel of
glass, clay, slag, or earthenware, when in a plastic state, so as to contain
the acid.
A CEMENT TO PREVENT THE LEAKING OF ALL LIQUIDS, AND ALSO DAMPNESS IN BUILDINGS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Swiatoslar Zoubtchaninoff at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
July 1860.
I, SWIATOSLAR ZOUBTCHANINOFF, Merchant, of Paris, Empire of France,
36, Boulevart des Batignolles, or of St. Petersbourg, Empire of Russia, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A CEMENT TO PREVENT
THE LEAKING OF ALL LIQUIDS, AND ALSO DAMPNESS IN BUILDINGS," to be as
follows:-
I propose composing a cement of the following substances and in about the
following proportions, namely, colophany fifteen parts (in weight), linseed oil,
six; English siccative, five; caoutchouc, one; essence or spirit of turpentine,
eight; minium or red lead, eight, and Roman cement, eight parts. These
matters to be placed in a caldron, melted, mixed together, and then allowed to
cool, when the cement will assume the appearance of an ointment, and may
be applied to reservoirs, vases, boats, boxes, walls, papers, canvass, and other
articles with a mastic knife or by a brush. This cement may be prepared
some time before as well as at the time it is required; but as there is essence
or spirit in its composition the cement prepared beforehand will become thick
by evaporation, and it will be necessary to add when using it as much essence
as may be required to bring it to its natural state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Nimmo at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st May
1860.
I, GEORGE NIMMO, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of making bar and malleable
iron direct from the ore, which is effected by the peculiar arrangement of the
furnace employed in the operation or process.
This furnace combines the advantages of the Catalan, Bloomery, and the
ordinary puddling furnace, besides being provided with a series of chambers in
which the crude ores are deoxidised and freed from all earthy and volatile
impurities, whether contained in the ores themselves or in the fuel with
which they are treated.
Under one modification the furnace consists of an elongated puddling
furnace with long chambers which are so connected that the flame from the
puddling hearth passes through the whole series of chambers and escapes
through the chimneys, which is made to suit the puddling chambers. The ore
and carbon are mixed together in due proportions, and then introduced into the
chambers, where the heat is of sufficient intensity to cause the carbon and
oxygen to combine, leaving the ore in the first stage of preparation. It is then
brought into the puddling chamber where it is completely reduced into balls
preparatory to rolling or hammering. The effect of these operations is to free

page_text: the materials in their passage through the upper chambers from all impurities
of a volatile character in the form of gas, and in the puddling chamber from all
earthy matter in the shape of cinder. The result of the operations is a tough
ductile fibrous iron, of uniform texture and quality, and admirably suited for
steel, wire plates, and all the purpose for which the highest qualities of iron are
required. The process is attended with great economy, certainty, expedition,
and the obtainment of uniform results.
THE MANUFACTURE OF IMPROVED WROUGHT-IRON SASH FRAMES AND CASEMENTS, AND ALL KINDS OF WROUGHT-IRON FRAMING."
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Hood, of No. 68, Upper Thames Street, in the
City of London, Iron Merchant, for the Invention of "THE MANUFACTURE
OF IMPROVED WROUGHT-IRON SASH FRAMES AND CASEMENTS, AND ALL KINDS OF
WROUGHT-IRON FRAMING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Hood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd May 1860.
I, SAMUEL HOOD, of No. 68, Upper Thames Street, in the City of London,
Iron Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
MANUFACTURE OF IMPROVED WROUGHT-IRON SASH FRAMES AND CASEMENTS AND ALL
KINDS OF WROUGHT-IRON FRAMING," to be as follows:-
The sashes, casements, frames,, and gratings can be constructed of rolled
wrought-iron bars of any required section, and the intersections and junctions
of the bars effected by mortising the two parts to be united by planing,
punching, or filing certain portions of each bar, so that when put together the
intersection will be complete. The top edges of the mortises, either before or
after the mortises are cut, are to be raised by a diagonal cut with a chisel, or
by other well known means or pressure, and the top edges of the tenons

page_text: opposite the mortises champfered or bevilled either by filing or punching, or
other well known means, and when the sash bars or framing bars are loosely
put together they are to be firmly united by rivetting or pressing down the
raised edges of the mortices into and upon the bevilled or champfered edges
of the tenons.
The parts of the above method of manufacturing which I claim as my
Invention are,―
First, the raising of the top edges of the mortices by diagonal cutting or
pressure.
And second, the bevilling or champfering the edges of the tenons, so that 1
the bevilled spaces will be filled by the rivetting or pressure of the raised
edges of the mortices, thereby forming a perfectly level and firm junction.
REFERENCES TO DRAWING.
Fig. 1, plan of frame completed.
Figs. 2, 3, elevations, shewing mortices with raised edges and the bevilled 1
edges of the tenons.
Fig. 4, elevation and section of bar, shewing the rivetting completed.
Fig. 5, plan of top side of junction completed.
Fig. 6, plan of bottom side of do.
do.
Fig. 7, plan of junction with outside frame.
Fig. 8, inside elevation of angle junction, shewing section of outside frame
at A to B.
Fig. 9, plan of angle junction, shewing a malleable cast-iron clip for the
same.
Fig. 10, plan of intersection of moulded bars.
Fig. 11 & 12, elevations, shewing mortices with raised and bevilled edges
for moulded bars.
Fig. 13, elevation and section of moulded bar, shewing the rivetting
completed.
2
2
5
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING CAKES AND PURIFIED OR REFINED OIL OUT OF COTTON SEED
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerhardus Hendricus Coninck
Jongkindt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 14th March 1860.
I, GERHARDUS HENDRICUS CONINCK JONGKINDT, at No. 14, Palace Road,
Westminster Bridge, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS
FOR MAKING CAKES AND PURIFIED OR REFINED OIL OUT OF COTTON SEED," to be as
follows:-
The process of manufacture is as follows:-The cotton seed is first crushed
by iron cylinders, afterwards ground between stones as fine as possible, then
pounded either by stampers and rammers or by bydraulic pressure, by this
means rough oil of a dark colour is obtained.
Method of refining the oil.-I take of the rough cotton seed oil above
mentioned 100 parts and mix it with 12 parts of corrosive potash liquid of
30 degrees Beaumé, the mixture is put into a covered vessel of wood or iron,
similar to a butter churn. I churn and beat the mixture for half an hour,
a separation of the ingredients then takes place, and the oil loses its roughness
and becomes of a bright and beautiful colour. After this operation 1 pour
the oil into a cask and let it remain for a few days to settle, when the bright
oil rises to the top. I then pass the oil through a filtering apparatus con-
structed as follows:-I place 3 tubs each with holes bored in the bottom, on
the top of each other, and underneath all I put another tub in which the oil
drops; this tub has 2 or 3 taps placed at different heights in order to draw off

page_text: the bright oil. On the bottom of each leaking tub I put a sheet of wadding
and fill them up to of the height of the tub with best dried sawdust, on
the top of this I put a wooden cover with small holes, and on this cover again
a sheet of wadding or filtering felt as used by sugar refiners, this process is
repeated two or three times when the oil becomes of a beautiful bright colour
and fine condition. After this operation I put the oil in an open tub provided
with several taps to draw off the oil. In this tub or cask is placed an iron
pipe about 4 inches distance from the bottom, through which steam is passed,
which finds its way through the oil; by this last operation of steaming and
bleaching the oil gains a good deal in whiteness, and is equal to the oil
commonly known and sold as salad oil. The chemical operations as described
take for 2 tons of seed about 3 hours time, and are performed without great
expence. The oil obtained in this way is quite harmless in its use. The dregs
obtained by the refining of this oil make first-rate manure, and can be used a
second time in the refining of cotton seed oil. The residue which remains
after the oil has been taken from the seed I make into cakes by pressing it
together. These cakes can be used as food for cattle and are highly nutritious.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING CONTINUOUS ROTARY MOTION FROM MANUAL POWER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd November 1860.-A communication from abroad by Guillaume
Auguste Schuchard and Ferdinand Frederic Bentel, of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING CONTINUOUS ROTARY
MOTION FROM MANUAL POWER," (communicated to me from abroad by
Guillaume Auguste Schuchard and Ferdinand Frederic Bentel, of Paris,)
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of an endless screw made to
work through a fixed nut, and having connected to one end thereof a con-
necting rod fixed to a crank, on the shaft of which a toothed wheel is mounted,
which gears into a toothed pinion keyed on a fly-wheel shaft from whence the
rotary motion is required. The free end of the shaft which carries the endless
screw is prolonged, and has fitted on it a crank handle. By turning this
handle a given number of turns, determined by the pitch of the screw threads,
in one direction and then in the reverse direction, continuous rotary motion
will be imparted to the crank, from the shaft of which, or from the fly-wheel
shaft which it drives through the toothed wheel and pinion, the rotary motion
can be applied. Or the handle may be turned in one direction, any usual
reversing apparatus being applied to reverse the travel of the endless screw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR MEDICINES AND POISONS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Barker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd December 1860.
1, WILLIAM ROBERT BARKER, of Chapel Street, Belgrave Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR MEDICINES AND POISONS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of bottles used for medicinal and
other purposes which may contain poisonous or strong preparations, so as to
prevent mistakes in dispensing or using.
I construct the body of the bottle with an opening at the top part, into
which I insert the neck, which fits quite tight like a stopper. This neck is
formed in the shape of an oblong cup or receiver, with two small holes, one at
the bottom and one at the side, through which the contents of the bottle has
to pass, thereby regulating the flow thereof and causing the liquid to come
out in drops or small quantities at a time. The holes may be increased or
diminished in size or number according to the nature of the purpose for which
the bottle is required. The top part of this neck piece is formed with a spout
and stopper.
When the bottle is required to be filled or cleaned, the cup piece or receiver

page_text: which forms the neck is taken out of the body of the bottle and replaced
again for use.
The effect of this Invention is to prevent accidents arising in dispensing or
administering poisonous or strong medicines by the use of bottles of this
description.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUNS AND FIRE-ARMS OF STEEL
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Blake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1860.
I, JOHN BLAKE, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel and File Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF GUNS AND FIRE-ARMS OF STEEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in employing mandrils made in sections longi-
tudinally, between which sections paper or other suitable material is placed;
which paper or material being injured by the heat, allows of the mandrils
being withdrawn after the guns or barrels of fire-arms have cooled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Roberts at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1860.
I, SAMUEL ROBERTS, of Hull, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct steam engines in such a manner
that they may generate their own steam, dispensing with the ordinary boilers,
or those at present in use. I propose surrounding the cylinder with tubular
flues and heat chambers, the fire being placed on a hearth in the ash-pit
beneath, and supplied with air from a blast, or an ordinary furnace may be
employed. Water is supplied to a casing around each of the tubular flues by
a feed pipe and pump, said pipe passing through the fire box and into the heat
chambers; the water then passes through the valve by a pipe, and returns
through the fire box into the cylinder, by which time it will have attained
such a degree of heat as immediately previous to or on its entrance to the
cylinder to flash into steam.
To ensure a greater security of the necessary heat the cylinder may be
made longer than the stroke of the piston, and at each end inserted perforated
plates, or gauze sheets, or rods, or pins for the water or steam from the valve
to fall upon, for the purpose of increasing the generating power of the steam
and maintaining the required heat. The valve may be placed on any con-
venient part of the engine, which also may be either horizontal or vertical.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE ROASTING AND PREPARATION OP COFFEE, COCOA, AND CHICORY
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Broglia and Pedro.
Pouchaut at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th April 1860.
We, CHARLES BROGLIA and PEDRO POUCHAUT, both of Clerkenwell, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE ROASTING AND PREPARATION
OP COFFEE, COCOA, AND CHICORY," to be as follows (that is to say):
Our Invention, which has for its object the roasting and preparation of
coffee, cocoa, and chicory by an improved apparatus, consists in retaining the
strength and aroma of the coffee, or otherwise, by causing it to be roasted in
closed cylindrical chambers or vessels in place of open ones, as at present.
For this object we cause two cylindrical chambers or vessels to be mounted
upon suitable bearings horizontally one above the other, and to revolve through
the intervention of tooth and pinion gear by hand power or otherwise, move-
able pipes communicating by hollow trunnions to the interior of each of the
cylinders being employed for conducting or transmitting the essence or aroma
from the upper cylinder in which the coffee, or otherwise, is roasted, to the
lower one to be taken up by the coffee, or otherwise, previously. roasted, and
placed there for the reception of the aroma.
IMPROVED HOUSEHOLD FIRE ESCAPE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robert Breach at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March
1860.
I, JOHN ROBERT BREACH, of Leeds, in the County of York, Woollen Cloth
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "
IMPROVED HOUSEHOLD FIRE ESCAPE," to be as follows:-
AN
This Invention relates to an improved household fire escape, which may be
always kept ready at hand in houses and other buildings, and can be instan
taneously fixed and secured to any window by the most unskilful person.
The Invention consists principally of a bar of iron, so arranged and con-
structed as to be capable of being readily secured by means of staples, or
otherwise, to or at any window of a building. To this bar is affixed a rope
composed of hemp, wire, or other suitable material, upon which are fixed at
intervals cones or other projections formed of wood or other suitable material,
so as to afford a secure hold for the hands or feet (or both) of the person
descending the same.
In the event of fire, the bar is secured to the window and the rope thrown
out, and any person can then instantly descend or ascend the rope by means of
the secure hold afforded by the cones or other projections thereon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING OR MODIFYING THE EFFECTS OF COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rudolph Bodmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
December 1860.-A communication from abroad by Giovanni Pagliari,.
Chemist, of Rome.
I, RUDOLPH BODMER, of 2, Thavies Inn, Holborn, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING OR MODIFYING THE EFFECTS OF
COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS," (a communication to me from abroad by Giovanni
Pagliari, Chemist, of Rome,) to be as follows:-
This Invention refers to a novel method of connecting the locomotive engine
with its tender, and consists of a strong plate or bar made of metal or of wood
lined with metal, which is attached to the framing of the engine by means of
the coupling chains. In coupling the tender and engine together, this plate,
which is perforated in three or other desirable number of places, is inserted in a
groove or slot cut out for this purpose in the framing of the tender, whereupon
three or other corresponding number of strong iron pins or bolts, which are
united together at the top by a cross bar are passed through the holes in the
said plate, and through corresponding holes in the framework of the tender by
raising a lever, the short end of which acts upon the cross bar through a link.
In the event of a collision between two trains becoming imminent, the engine
driver or fireman (both of them having previously retreated to the tender)
depresses the lever above mentioned, whereby the engine becoming detached
from the tender and suddenly released of its load will out-distance the train

page_text: and proceed on its way alone. At the same time that the bolts are thus with-
drawn a strong iron bar, which is held in a socket in connection with the
frame of the tender, is released, and in dropping down is intended to act as a
brake to the wheels, as well as to be instrumental in arresting the further
progress of the train by ploughing up the ballast. Besides this it is intended
to connect the tender with a slide valve on the top of the boiler of the loco-
motive engine by means of a rod or chain, in such a manner that at the moment
of the engine becoming detached from the tender this slide valve shall be
opened and the steam allowed to escape, so as to insure the speedy exhaustion
of the motive power. In the event of two trains approaching each other in
the manner supposed, the locomotive engines only of the two trains would, on
being detached from their respective trains, as described, run against and come
in collision with each other.
A detaching apparatus, similar to the one herein described, may be applied
to any or all of the carriages of a train should this be considered necessary or
desirable.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TROUGHS FOR RECEIVING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH WIRES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Vincent Walker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the
3rd April 1860.
I, CHARLES VINCENT WALKER, of Fern Side Villa, Red Hill, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TROUGHS FOR RECEIVING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH
WIRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
troughs for receiving electric telegraph wires. For these purposes each length
of the wood employed for making such troughs has cut from it longitudinally
a piece triangular in cross section, thus producing a trough of corresponding
form with inclined sides, and suitable for receiving and containing insulated
electric telegraph wires, and such trough is then covered by the triangular
piece which has been cut out therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF MILLS FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING GRAIN, SEEDS, OIL-CAKE, AND LIKE MATTERS, THE CRUSHING PRINCIPLE BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO CEMENTS, MINERALS, AND ORES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th November
• 1860.
I, JAMES FRY, of Wrotham, near Sevenoakes, in the County of Kent,
Miller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF MILLS FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING
GRAIN, SEEDS, OIL-CAKE, AND LIKE MATTERS, THE CRUSHING PRINCIPLE BEING ALSO
APPLICABLE TO CEMENTS, MINERALS, AND ORES," to be as follows:-
In the construction of my grinding mills I propose to make use of grinding
surfaces which will not require the continual dressing of ordinary millstones.
For this purpose I make use of plates of iron, preferably in segments, having
oblong perforations or slots formed in their faces. A back is fitted to this
plate, having studs cast upon it, which pass through the slots, and come flush
with the face of the front or perforated plate. The slots vary in size, the
largest being near the centre, the others diminishing towards the circum-
ference. The back and the perforated plate are secured together, the space
between the edges being filled up with composition. The plates are fixed in
a vertical position, and form the grinding mill.
In forming my seed-crushing mills I make use of the iron rolls ordinarily
adopted, but instead of having one roll pressing and turning on the driving
or crushing wheel, I use two, or three, or more, and by this means diminishing
greatly the friction on the bearing of the driving roll. Both the grinding

page_text: mill and crushing mill may be mounted upon and driven from the same axle,
from which also, by means of pulleys and bands or other gear, I drive the feed
roller of the crusher, and also an oil-cake breaker placed under the main
driving pulley. On the outside of the driving roll of the crusher a plate is
fixed, which revolves with the driving roll, and another plate is set up with a
screw, and this forms a bean-splitting machine, the plates of the machine
being formed with the splitting surfaces similar to the grinding plates, the
space between each rib being wider. The oil-cake breaker I form with
double action, so that cakes may be entered from both sides at the same
time.
AN IMPROVED REVERSED CONICAL NONSWERVING SPRING MATTRASS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Armand Grossetete at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th July 1860.
I, CHARLES ARMAND GROSSETETE, Bedding Manufacturer, 11; Cranbourn
Street, Leicester Square, Midx., do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED REVERSED CONICAL NONSWERVING SPRING MATTRASS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making springs conicle shape with wire, and
fixing them reversed position, viz., the small ends resting on the laths, thereby
obtaining elastic springs with very little side action, preventing the mattrass
getting out of order, and also making it more comfortable to lay upon. I also
reserve the right of applying my Invention to cushions and all articles in
upholstery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING CANAL BOATS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Inchley, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1860.
I, JOSEPH INCHLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PROPELLING CANAL BOATS AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the method herein-after described of constructing
propellers, and also of the method herein-after described of constructing and
working the mechanism by which the said propellers are actuated. I con-
struct propellers by hinging together two rectangular flaps, in such a manner
that the said flaps can open out into the same plane, or be folded one upon the.
other, similar to the manner in which a book may be opened and closed; or
the said flaps may be hinged to a frame instead of to one another, and open
and shut somewhat in the manner of a pair of folding doors. I actuate the
propeller by means of a horizontal steam engine, to the piston rod of which I
attach the propeller. For propelling boats on canals I prefer to use one
propeller situated at the stern; the joint or joints of the propeller being
situated horizontally. Where circumstances permit two or more propellers
may be employed, and their joints may be placed in a vertical position. I
work the valves of the steam engine by the following arrangement :-Two
levers moving in a vertical plane are situated parallel to the cylinder; the
said levers turn upon one centre pin, the longer and weighted arms of the

page_text: levers being turned in opposite directions; between the short arms of the said
levers the lever of the slide valve is situated; a bolt sliding horizontally, and
worked by the piston rod of the engine, acts alternately on the long arm of
each lever in the following manner :-The said bolt as it slides under the said
arm first raises it, and then acting on another bolt fixes the said arm in its
raised position; as the first-named bolt retires and acts in the way described
on the other lever, it withdraws from under the fixed lever, and when near
the end of its stroke withdraws the bolt which held the lever up; the lever
suddenly falls and its short arm acts upon the lever of the slide valve. The
levers being alternately acted upon in this manner the slide valves are worked
with precision at the end of each stroke of the piston. During its advance
motion the piston causes the flaps of the propeller to open and propel the boat
or vessel, and during its return motion having nothing but the small resistance
of the closed propeller to overcome, it may be made to act during its return
motion on a pump, or perform any other required work. By means of bolts
the flaps of the propeller may be made to open in either direction, so as to
propel the boat or vessel in either direction.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ORNAMENTING GLASS WITH COLORED DESIGNS OR PICTURES IN IMITATION OF STAINED OR PAINTED GLASS,
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1860.-A communication from abroad by Jules Bénèche,
of Elbeuf, Seine Inférieure, France, Gentleman.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ORNAMENTING GLASS WITH COLORED DESIGNS OR PICTURES IN IMITATION
OF STAINED OR PAINTED GLASS," communicated to me from abroad by Jules.
Bénèche, of Elbeuf, Seine Inférieure, France, Gentleman, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the following processes:-Produce upon a sheet
of transparent and colorless gelatinous matter, either by lithography, or if
necessary with the pencil or brush, or by photography, any picture or design;
spread this sheet (coated with some transparent and colorless resinous pre
paration) upon a sheet of glass of equal dimensions, then apply a new surface
composed of different pieces of sheets of coloured gelatine, cut in accordance
with the contour or outline of the picture or design, and of the colors required
by the subject to be produced. When this last process is complete, the
surface is coated with the same resinous preparation as first used, and covered
with a second glass of the same size as the first. The whole is then placed in
a press, and shortly forms a solid and unalterable body. Lithography, photo-
graphy, and the brush form the shades, the gelatine produces the tints and.
colors as brilliant and as well blended as those of stained glass.