IMPROVEMENTS IN SYRINGES, AND IN DEVICES TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1880

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Davol, of the City of Providence, State of Rhode
Island, United States of America, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
SYRINGES, AND IN DEVICES TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Davol at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October 1880.
JOSEPH DAVOL, of the City of Providence, State of Rhode Island, United
States of America. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SYRINGES, AND IN DEVICES TO BE USED
IN CONNECTION THEREWITH."
This Invention relates to improvements in syringes, and in fittings for syringes,
which are partly made of india rubber, and the said Invention is designed to
produce such syringes at a reduced cost, of light weight, and in such manner that
they will be cleanly in use and at the same time durable, and not liable to be easily
broken.
Heretofore syringes made of glass have been extensively used by reason of their
imperviousness to the liquid with which they may be charged, and also because
they can easily be kept clean and untainted, that is to say, unaffected by the action
of the liquids with which they may be charged, whether the latter be acids or
water; but they are easily broken, thus requiring careful handling in use, and safe
packing during transit. On the other hand metal syringes, as well as metal fittings
for rubber-bulb syringes, which have also been used, are heavy, expensive, and
not capable of being easily kept clean, since many acids attack and discolor or
otherwise affect the same.
The objection heretofore existing against wooden syringes and fittings for
syringes, such as injection tubes, valves, and the like of wood is, that they are very
porous, and thus subject to alternate swelling and shrinking corresponding with
their use and disuse. They also become to a greater or less degree tainted and
affected by pungent acids, or other chemical liquids with which they may be used.
Now the object of this Invention is to obviate these disadvantages, and to permit
the use of wooden syringes and wooden fittings for syringes, which when the above
noted objections are removed are desirable by reason of their lightness, durability,
and cheapness.

page_text: This Invention comprises, first, a wooden syringe provided both on its inner and
outer surface with an enamel coating adapted to preserve the same from the action
of water and acids; second, a wooden syringe whose inner surface is provided with
an enamel coating adapted to render the same impervious to the liquids which may
be introduced within the syringe; third, fittings for syringes, such as injection
tubes, spray tubes, couplings, and the like, heretofore made of metal for use in
connection with rubber bulb and other syringes, the surface or surfaces of which
are protected with an enamel coating adapted to render the same impervious to the
action of the liquids with which they may be brought into contact.
In carrying this Invention into practice I provide an india rubber bulb, which
by compression and expansion acts as a suction and force pump.
I also provide flexible tubes connected with the bulb by means of valves; these
valve connections are provided with enlargements over which the elastic tubes and
the ends of the bulb are forced.
These valve-couplings have heretofore been made of metal, and usually in two
parts united together by male and female screws; these joints were always liable
to leak, and the screws were soon worn so as to become useless.
To avoid the use of screws in the construction of these syringes, as they are
liable to cross thread and be thus destroyed, and also because such screw-joints
have to be packed with clastic packing to make them air-tight, which packing is
liable to be lost, rendering the whole syringe useless, place a cup on the
discharge end of the clastic tube, and the spray tubes are provided with an elastic
ring, so that they can be readily inserted and secured so as to be air tight. The
suction end is secured by an enlargement over which the tube is forced.
It is obvious that the pistons with their rods, also the caps of wood, may be used
with glass syringes. It is apparent that the said Invention is not restricted to the
instance of syringes or parts of syringes, in which both the inner and outer surface
of the wood are covered by the waterproof enamel, as they may be covered with
enamel only on the surfaces subject to the action of the liquid or acid used.
One kind of enamel I use for the purposes of my Invention consists of linseed-oil
one gallon, coach-black four ounces, black oxide of manganese one half ounce,
Prussian blue four ounces reduced by naphtha. The enamel is applied to the wood,
which is then heated to from 120 to 150 Fahrenheit. It is then coated with a
finishing composition made by boiling together linseed-oil one gallon, Prussian-blue
three ounces, and black oxide of manganese one half ounce reduced by naphtha,
and is again heated for two hours at 150 Fahrenheit. Other enamels composed of
linseed-oil, asphaltum, sugar of lead, and crude turpentine may be used in the same
manner, or any other kind of waterproof enamel may be used.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Davol in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th April 1881.
JOSEPH DAVOL, of the City of Providence, State of Rhode Island, United
States of America. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SYRINGES, AND IN DEVICES TO BE USED
IN CONNECTION THEREWITH."
This Invention relates to improvements in syringes, and in fittings for syringes,
made in part of india rubber, and is designed to produce the same at less cost, of
light weight, and clean in use, whilst at the same time they are durable in wear,
and not liable to be easily broken.
Heretofore syringes made of glass have been used to a great extent by reason of
their imperviousness to the liquid with which they may be charged, and also
because they can be easily kept clean and untainted, or, rather, unaffected by the
action of such liquids, whether the latter be acids or water; but they are subject
to the disadvantage of being readily broken, thus requiring careful handling in use
and safe packing during transit. On the other hand metallic syringes, as well as
metallic fittings for rubber-bulb syringes, are heavy in their weight, expensive in
cost, and are not capable of being easily kept in clean condition, since many acids
attack and discolor the same. The objection heretofore existing against wooden
syringes, and the fittings for syringes, such as the injection tubes, valves, and other
parts when made of wood is, that they are very porous, and thus subject to
alternate conditions of swelling and shrinking corresponding with their use and
disuse. They also become to a greater or less degree tainted and affected by any
pungent acid or chemical liquid with which they may be used. The improvements
forming the subject matter of this Invention obviate these disadvantages, and
permit of the use of wooden syringes and wooden fittings for syringes, which with
the above noted objections overcome, are desirable by reason of their lightness,
non-liability to break, and their small cost. The Invention consists, first, of a
wooden syringe provided both on its inner and outer surface with an enamel
coating, adapted to preserve the same from the action of water and acids; second,
of a wooden syringe, whose inner surface is provided with an enamel coating
adapted to render the same impervious to the liquid which may be introduced
within the syringe; third, of fittings such as injection tubes, spray tubes,
couplings, &c., heretofore made of metal for use in connection with rubber bulb
and other syringes, the surface or surfaces of which are protected with an enamel
coating adapted to render the same impervious to the action of the liquids to
which they may be subjected.
Referring to the Drawing Figure 1 represents a rubber bulb syringe provided
with the improved wooden fittings shown partly in section.
Figures 2 and 3 represent wooden valve couplings in side view; these couplings
are made with projections at their ends over which the rubber tubes and the ends
of the rubber bulb can be forced and held by the contraction of the rubber;
Figures 4, 5, and 6, are views of injection tubes, which can be connected with the
discharge end of the forcing tube; Figures 7, 8, and 9 represent syringes made
entirely of wood, the surface of which is covered by a water and acid proof
enamel.
In the Drawing a represents a rubber bulb, which by compression and expansion
acts as a suction and force pump; b, b, are the flexible tubes connected with the
bulb by means of the valve connections c, c; these valve connections or couplings
are provided with the enlargements c', c', over which the elastic tubes and the ends
of the bulb are forced, as shown in Figure 1. These valve couplings have
heretofore been made of metal, and usually in two parts united together by male
and female screws; these joints were always liable to leak, and the screws were
soon worn so as to become useless.
To avoid the use of screws in the construction of these syringes, as they are

page_text: liable to cross thread and be thus destroyed, and also because such screw-joint must
be packed with elastic packing to make them air tight, which packing is liable to
be lost and the whole syringe becomes useless, a cup d is placed on the discharge
end of the elastic tube, and the spray-tubes e are provided with an elastic ring f, so
that they can be readily inserted and secured air tight. The suction end g is
secured by an enlargement over which the tube is forced, as shown in the Drawings.
The syringes shown in Figures 7, 8, and 9 are made entirely of wood, but it is
obvious that ths pistons h with their rods, as also the caps i may be used with
glass syringes. It is apparent that the Invention is not restricted to the instance
of syringes or parts of syringes, in which both the inner and outer surface of the
wood is covered by the waterproof enamel, as they may be covered with enamel
only on the surfaces subject to the liquid or acid used.
One kind of enamel used consists of linseed-oil one gallon, coach black four
ounces, black oxide of manganese one half ounce, Prussian-blue four ounces reduced
by naphtha. The enamel is applied to the wood, which is then heated in an oven
to from 120° to 150° Fahrenheit. It is then coated with a finishing composition
made by boiling together linseed-oil one gallon, Prussian blue three ounces, and
black oxide of manganese one half ounce reduced by naphtha, and is again heated
for two hours at 150° Fahrenheit..
Other enamels composed of linseed-oil, asphaltum, sugar of lead, and crude
turpentine may be used in the same manner, or any other kind of water proof
enamel may be used.
Having thus described my Invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by
Letters Patent,-
First. A wooden syringe provided both on its inner and outer surface with an
enamel coating adapted to preserve the same from the action of water and acids, as
described.
Second. A wooden syringe whose inner surface is provided with an enamel
coating adapted to render the same impervious to the liquids which may be
introduced within the syringe, as described.
Third. The piston cap, injection tubes, and other parts of a syringe when made
of wood, and protected in part or wholly with an enamel coating adapted to render
the same impervious to liquids, as described.
Fourth. In a syringe, the combination with the bulb a and the tubes b, b, of the
valve coupling c made in one piece, and provided with enlargements to retain the
elastic tube, as described.
Fifth. In a syringe, the combination with the tube b of the cup d, and injection-
tubes provided with the elastic ring f, as and for the purpose set forth.
Sixth. In a syringe, the combination with the clastic tube b of the suction
piece g, secured to the tube by an enlargement on the suction piece over which the
tube is forced, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Davol, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the 23rd day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty
In presence of
JOSEPH A. MILLER,
Civil and Consulting Engineer,
Providence, R.I.
JOSEPH DAVOL. (L.S.)