IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR, PART OF WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hunter Henry Murdoch, of No 7, Staple Inn, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR, PART OF WHICH APPARATUS IS
ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES." A 'communication from abroad by
Robert Stothert Kirkpatrick, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Civil
Engineer.
Sealed the 14th November 1876, and dated the 8th September 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hunter Henry Murdoch at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September 1876.
HUNTER HENRY MURDOCH, of No. 7, Staple Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR,
PART OF WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in apparatus
for the manufacture of sugar from the sugar cane, part of which apparatus is also
applicable to the manufacture of sugar from beet juice and other saccharine
materials, and to other purposes
The first part of this Invention relates to the extraction of the juice from sugar
canos. This has heretofore been effected either by passing such canes through rolls
or by first cutting such canes into pieces and then passing the cut cane between
rolls or millstones, but these means have not been as effectual as is desirable,
because they do not sufficiently disintegrate or break up the fibrous structure of
the cane and so liberate the cane juice
Now this Invention consists, firstly, of the improved rolls herein-after described
for crushing or disintegrating the sugar cane after it has been cut up by any
suitable machine. It is preferred to cut the said cane into lengths of say half an inch
to one inch. These short lengths of cane should be cut off in a direction oblique and
not transverse to the length of the canes, and preferably to cut them at an angle of 45°,
or thereabouts, to the length of the cane. Any suitable machine, sucli, for instance,
as a chaff cutter furnished with a sloping trough or hopper may be used for cutting
the canes.
The improved rolls aforesaid, of which a single pair or two or more pains may be
used, are not plain or corrugated, as in the ordinary cane mills, but have spiral or
helical grooves cut around them, the spirals or helices around one 1oll of each pair

page_text: being in a reverse direction to the spirals or helices around the other roll of the
same pair like the threads of a right-handed and left-handed screw. Grooves of any
suitable form may be used, but it is preferred to use grooves, one side of which is
nearly or quite vertical, and the other side sloping at a considerable angle, and to
cut these grooves so and arrange the direction of the rotations of the rolls so that
the vertical sides of the grooves shall by the rotation of the rolls work towards
each other. The rolls of each pair are geared together and caused to rotate in
reverse directions by steam or other power. The short cut lengths of cane are fed
between these rolls through a hopper, or in any other suitable way, and are
disintegrated or broken up by the action of the spiral or helical grooves in the said
rolls so that the whole mass is reduced to a fibrous or spongy pulp, from which the
juice may be pressed or otherwise extracted. The said mass, until pressed, retains
the juice in the same manner as a sponge retains water. That portion of the juice
(if any) which escapes prior to the pressing is ruled by any suitable means; the
fibious or spongy cane pulp must then be subjected to pressure in a hydraulic or
other suitable press in order to extract the remainder of the juice.
This Invention consists, secondly, of the improved apparatus herein-after described
for evaporating cane juice, beet juice, or other saccharine liquor, whether purified
or unpurified.
This apparatus is constructed and acts as follows-In a suitable pan, herein-
after termed the evaporating pan, and which is provided with suitable openings
for filling and discharging, is mounted an evaporating wheel, consisting of groups
of spiral or helical pipes arranged around a central shaft or axle tubular at each
end, but solid or stopped at the ceutral portion of its length, to which axlo are
affixed two drums, in which are cast radial air passages, which communicate with
the tubular portions of the said axle. The ends of the spiral or helical pipes
aforesaid are fixed in holes in plates screwed to the peripheries of the drums, which
plates cover the outer ends of the radial air passages aforesaid, and the said pipes
thus form a communication between the said druns. The said pipes are fixed in
groups of two or more in a group, and in order to fix as many of them as possible ;
in the available space it is preferred to coil them on a mandrel of one uniform size
and then to affix them to the drums aforesaid in such a manner that the two, three,
or more pipes of each group shall interlace or coil among each other as closely as
possible (like the threads of a double or triple-threaded screw) without their
coming into actual contact, and to fix the groups as close to each other as possible
without their coming into actual contact; by these ineans a large amount of tube
surface is obtained in a given space. The evaporating wheel thus constructed is
partially immersed in the juice or liquor to be evaporated. The axis of the said
wheel turns in bearings constructed with brasses or friction rollers, or other suitable
appliances at each end of the evaporating pan, and receives rotatory motion from
any suitable motive power. The said evaporating pan is covered by a hood or
casing slightly larger than sufficient to cover the evaporating wheel without coining
into contact therewith. This hood is provided with openings, through which the
contents of the pan can be inspected, and also with an inlet pipe for atmospheric
air, and with an outlet pipe which communicates with the closed ash-pit of a steam
boiler or other furnace, or both, one end of a steam pipe leading from the steam
dome of a boiler being inserted into the said outlet pipe so as to deliver a jet of
steam into the said outlet pipe, and thus create a draught into the sud ash-pit.
The said outlet pipe also communicates with one of the tubular ends of the axle of
the evaporating wheels by means of a suitable joint arranged so as to permit the
wheel to rotate, in or near which tubular end is inserted one end of a steam pipe
leading from the steain dome of the boiler so as to deliver a jet of steam into the
Baid tubular axle, and thus force the said air through the spiral tubes of the
evaporating wheel.
The steain pipes aforesaid are by preference furnished with suitable exhaustors,
such, for instance, as those used in gasworks In the flue leading from the furnaco
to the chimney is arranged an apparatus for heating atmospheric air ou its way to

page_text: the hood by means of the volatile products of combustion from the furnace. Any
suitable air heating apparatus may be used, but it is preferred to use a number of
tubes arranged in a suitable chamber in the flue, through or around which tubes
the volatile products of combustion pass while the atmospheric air to be heated
passes around or through the said tubes and becomes heated thereby.
The action of the evaporating apparatus is as follows:-The evaporating wheel
being caused to rotate the surfaces of the spiral tubes take up a thin film of the
juice or liquor to be evaporated and expose it to the current of heated atmospheric
air which is drawn from the air heating apparatus through the hood of the
evaporating pan by the steam jets aforesaid. One of these jets forces part of the
said air into one of the tubular ends of the axle of the evaporating wheel, and
thence into the drum on that part of the axle and through the tubes of the wheel,
whence such air passes out through the drum at the other end into the other
tubular part of the said axle, and thence into the atmosphere The other jet forces
the remainder of the said air into the furnace or furnaces employed (where it serves
to support combustion and is heated) and thence, together with the volatile products
of combustion through the flues of the said furnace, and thence into or around the
tubes constituting the air heating apparatus whence such air and products of
combustion pass to the chimney.
From this description it will be seen that there is a continuous circulation of air
through the apparatus, the air being drawn in cold and becoming heated during its
passage through the said apparatus, which thus effects in a rapid and economical
manner the evaporation of the saccharine juice or liquor.
In some cases the evaporating wheel is modified by dispensing with the drums
described and connecting the ends of the pipes employed in the said wheel to
radial tubular arms communicating with the tubular portions of the axle instead of
to the said drums
In some cases the evaporating is constructed wheel with straight pipes instead of
with the coiled pipes herein-before described in order to afford greater facility for
cleaning It has been heretofore proposed to use revolving wheels consisting
partly of straight or spiral tubes for the purpose of evaporating saccharine liquors,
and that such wheels have been enclosed under a hood or casing, and that air has
been drawn through such hood or casing by a fan or by other means. But the
arrangement of the tubes, and the manner in which the coiled tubes interlace so as
to expose a large evaporating surface, and the mode in which these tubes are heated
and the air is exhausted from the hood or casing are novel.
The improved evaporating apparatus herein-before described is also applicable to
the evaporation of saline solutions and other saccharine liquids, such as milk or
brewer's wort.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Hunter Henry Murdoch in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th March 1877.
HUNTER HENRY MURDOCH, of No. 7, Staple Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR,
PART OF WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES." A com-
munication from abroad by Robert Stothert Kirkpatrick, of Brussels, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, Civil Engineer
This Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in apparatus
for the manufacture of sugar from the sugar cane, part of which apparatus is also
applicable to the manufacture of sugar from beet juice and other saccharine
materials, and to other purposes.
•
The first part of this Invention relates to the extraction of the juice from sugar
canes. This has heretofore been effected by passing such cane through rolls, or by

page_text: first cutting such canes into pieces, and then passing the cut cane between rolls or
millstones, these processes having in.some cases been preparatory to pressing the
cane in a press, but these means have not been as effectual as is desirable because
they do not sufficiently disintegrate or break up tho fibrous structure of the cnne,
and so liberate the cane juice.
Now this Invention consists, firstly, of the improved rolls herein-after described
for crushing or disintegrating the sugar cane, after it has been cut up by any
suitable machine. It is preferred to cut the said cane into lengths of, say, half an
inch or less These short lengths of cane should be cut off in a direction oblique,
and not transverse to the length of the canes. It is preferred to cut them at an angle
of 45°, or thereabouts, to the length of the canc. Any suitable machine such for
instance as a chaff cutter furnished with a sloping trough or hopper may be used for
cutting the canes.
The improved rolls, of which a single pair, or two or more pairs may be used
are not either plain or corrugated as in the ordinary cane mills, but have spiral or
helical grooves cut around them, the spirals or helices around one roll of each pair
being in a revorse direction to the spirals or helices around the other roll of the
same pair, like the threads of a right-handed and a left-handed screw. The grooves
may be of any suitable form, but each groove must have a cutting edge. I prefer
to use grooves, one side of which is nearly or quite vertical, and the other side
sloping at a considerable angle, and to cut these grooves so and arrange the
directions of the rotations of the rolls, so that the vertical sides of the grooves
shall by the rotation of the rolls work towards each other. The rolls of each pair
are geared together, and are caused to rotato in reverse directions, and by preferenco
nt different speeds by steam or other power. The rolls of each pair may however
be caused to rotate at the same speed in reverse directions, in which case the pitch
o inclination of the helical grooves around one of the said rolls must be greater
than the pitch or inclination of the helical grooves around the other roll. The
short cut lengths of cane are fed between these rolls through a hopper, or in any
other suitable way, and are disintegrated or broken up by the action of the spiral
or helical grooves in the said rolls, so that the whole mass is reduced to a fibrous or
spongy pulp, from which the juice may be pressed or otherwise extracted. The
said mass until pressed retains the juice in the same manner that a sponge retains
water. That portion of the juice (if any) which escapes prior to the pressing_18
collected by any suitable means. The fibrous or spongy cane pulp must then be
subjected to pressure in a hydraulic or other suitable piess in order to extract the
remainder of the juice.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings are elevations (taken at right
angles to each other) of the improved rolls herein-before described, and of the
machinery with which they are combined.
Figure 3 is a vertical transverse section of the said rolls and machinery, the said
section being taken on the line V, V, (Figure 2)
The same letters and figures of reference indicate the same parts in these several
Figures.
A1, A2, are the rolls on which are formed journals a¹, a², which rotate in
bearings b¹, b, in the frame B of the machine; as, a, are the helical grooves which
may be of any suitable form and inclination or pitch, provided that the edges of the
grooves are of such a form as to disintegrate the pieces of cane. The spirals or
helices of the grooves on the roll A¹ run in the reverse direction to that of the
spirals or helices on the roll A³, as shown in Figure 2. The directions in which the
said rolls rotate are indicated by the arrows, as is a driving pulley keyed on the
journal a; a is the driving band, and a, a, are toothed wheels by means of which
the rolls A¹, A², are geared together, C is the hopper or shoot, and D is a screen
or riddle, on to or over which the cane pulp is delivered from the rolls; B' is a
trough for catching any juice which may drip from the cane pulp, and 62 is the cock
by which such juice is drawn off.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The rolls being set in motion, the cut

page_text: cane to be disintegrated is fed down the hopper C, and passes between the rolls A¹, A²,
which reduce it to a spongy pulp, which falls on to the screen or riddle and is then
removed out of the machine.
The Invention consists, secondly, of the improved apparatus berein-after described
for evaporating cane juice, beet juice, or other saccharine or saline liquors, whether
purified or unpurified.
This apparatus is constructed as follows:-In a suitable pan, (herein-after termed
the "evaporating pan,") which is provided with suitable openings for filling and
discharging, is mounted an evaporating wheel consisting of groups of spiral or
helical pipes arranged around a central shaft or axle, tubular at each end, but solid
or stopped at the cential portion of its length, to which axle are affixed two drums,
in which are cast radial passages which communicate with the tubular portions of
the said axle. The ends of the spiral or helical pipes aforesaid are fixed in holes in
plates screwed to the peripheries of the drums, which plates cover the outer ends of
the radial passages aforesaid, and the said pipes thus form a communication between
the said drums. The said pipes are fixed in groups of two or more in a group, and
in order to fix as many of them as possible in the available space, it is preferied to
coil them on a mandril of one uniform size, and then to affix them to the drums
aforesaid in such a manner that the two, three, or more pipes of each group shall
interlace or coil among each other (like the threads of a double or triple threaded
screw) as closely as possible without their coming into actual contact, and to fix the
groups as close to each other as possible without their coming into actual contact.
By these means a large amount of tube surface is obtained in a given space. The
evaporating wheel thus constructed is partially immersed in the juice or liquor to be
evaporated. The axis of the said wheel turns in bearings constructed with brasses
or friction rollers or other suitable appliances at each end of the evaporating pan,
and receives rotatory motion from any suitable motive power. The said evaporating
pan is covered by a hood or casing, slightly larger than sufficient to cover the
evaporating wheel without coming into contact therewith. This hood is provided
with openings through which the contents of the pan can be inspected, and also
with an inlet pipe for atmospheric air, and with an outlet pipe which communicates
with the closed ash-pit of a steam boiler or other furnace, or both; one end of a
steam pipe leading from the steam dome of a boiler being inserted into the said
outlet pipe, so as to deliver a jet of steam into the said outlet pipe, and thus ciente
a draft into the said ash-pit. The said outlet pipe also communicates with one
of the tubular ends of the axle of the evaporating wheel by means of a suitable
joint arranged so as to permit the wheel to rotate, in or near which tubular end is
inserted one end of a steam pipe leading from the steam dome of the boiler, so ns
to deliver a jet of steain into the said tubular axle, and thus force the said air
through the spiral pipes of the evaporating wheel.
The steam pipes aforesaid are by preference furnished with suitable exhausters,
such for instance, as those used in gas works. In the flue leading from the furnace
to the chimney is or may be arranged an apparatus for heating atmospheric air on
its way to the hood by means of the volatile products of combustion from the
furnace. Any suitable air-heating apparatus may be used, but it is preferred to use
a number of tubes arranged in a suitable chamber in the flue through or around
which tubes the volatile products of combustion pass, while the atmospheric air to
be heated passes around or through the said tubes and becomes heated thereby.
Figure 4 of the accompanying Drawings represents partly in side elevation and
partly in vertical longitudinal section, evaporating apparatus constructed according
to one modification of this part of the Invention.
Figure 5 represents partly in side elevation and partly in vertical longitudinal
section evaporating apparatus constructed according to another modification of this
part of the Invention
Figure 6 is an end elevation (partly in section) of the evaporating pan and some
of the parts in connection therewith, constructed according to the second modification
of the Invention.

page_text: Figures 7 and 8 are vertical sections (taken at right angles to one another) of one
of the diums herein-before described; the section, Figure 7, being taken on the
line W, W, Figure 8.
Figure 9 represents in end elevation a group of the air-heating pipes herein-beforc
described, and Figure 10 represents in side elevation (partly in section) portions of
one of the said pipes.
The same letters and figures of reference indicate the same parts in all these
Figures The arrows indicate the courses of the air and of the volatile products of
combustion.
I will first describe that arrangement of the evaporating apparatus which is
illustrated in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.
A is the evaporating pan; B is the hood thereof, the edges of which rest in a
gutter a, a, formed around the said pan to receive the water of condensation from
the hood, which water passes out from the said gutter by the pipe a. In Figures 5
and 6 portions of the pan and hood are broken away, in order to show some of the
coiled pipes of the evaporating drum partly immersed in the juice or liquor to bo
evaporated as is the pipe through which the juice or liquor is run into the pan,
and a is the pipe by which the juice or liquor is drawn off when sufficiently
concentrated, the said pipe being furnished with any suitable cock or valve;
a³ is a guage to show the level of the liquor and a is a test-cock; b', 61, are
eye bolts for lifting off and replacing the hood when required; b² is a glazed
opening or peep hole through which the contents of the pan can be inspected;
O, C, and c, c, are respectively the drums and the coiled pipes constituting the
evaporating wheel; the drums C, C, are bolted to the shaft and are cast with
hollow trunnions c', c, which rotate in bearings a², a7; c³, c³, (see Figures 7 and 8)
are the radial air passages herein-before referred to, on the ends of which are fixed
plates c, c, having in them holes in which the ends of the pipes c¹, c¹,-are fixed;
63, 6, are respectively inlet and outlet pipes affixed to the hood, the flanges b³, b, of
which pipes rest on the flanges of the pipes e, f¹; D is the steam boiler, d¹ is the
furnace, and d is the closed ash-pit thereof; d³, d', d³, d³, and do, are the flues
leading from the said boiler to the chimney (not shown); E is the air heating
chamber; el is the air inlet; and e, e, are the air-heating pipes; these pipes aro
cast with square or hexagonal flanges e³, e³, e, et, at each end, so that when the
said pipes are placed in position spaces are enclosed by the flanges e³, es, and es, es,
by filling which spaces with sand air is prevented from escaping from the flucn d³, do,
into the chamber E; d' is a man hole through which access may be gained to the
pipes e, ed is the door by which the said man hole is closed; e, e, is a pipe
leading from the chamber E to the pipe 68; F and G are "exhausteis" of the kind
used in gas works; the exhauster F communicates by the pipe f¹ with the pipe b',
and with the drum C¹ by the pipe f; the exhauster G communicates by the pipe gl
with the pipe f¹ and with the ash-pit d² by the pipe g² which is led into the said
ash-pit at one side thereof, as represented; f, g, respectively are pipes by which
the exhausters F and G are supplied with steam from the steam dome d¹º; f, g, are
stop-cocks; c is the eduction pipe, one end of which enters the trunnion of the
drum c, which pipe is furnished with a cock c through which the water of con-
densation is drawn off; c' is a worm wheel fixed on the said trunnion, with which
wheel a worm c¹ on the shaft c¹¹ engages; c¹² is a band pulley by which the said
shaft is driven.
The action of this evaporating apparatus is as follows:-The juice or liquor to
be evaporated is run into the pan A through the pipe a³, the evaporating wheel is
then caused to rotate and the cocks f* and g* are opened so as to admit steam to
the exhausters F and G; air from the external atmosphere is thus drawn into the
air-heating chamber E, in which it is heated, and from which it passes through the
pipes e, b, to the hood, on its passage through which the said air circulates around
and between the pipes and contributes to the evaporation of the juice or liquor, a
thin film of which is taken up by the surface of the said pipes. From the hood
the heated air passes by the pipe b to the pipe f¹, from which a portion of the said

page_text: air is drawn by the exhauster F, and is forced by its steam jet through the pipe ƒ
into the drum C, through the pipes c, c, and thence through the drum and
trunnion at that end into the exit pipe c', whence the said air passes to a chimney or
escapes directly into the external atmosphere The remainder of the air in the
pipe f¹ is drawn therefrom by the exhauster G and forced by it into the ash-pit d³
and furnace d, wherein the said air serves to support combustion. From the said
furnace the said air 18, together with the volatile products of combustion, forced
through the flues d³, d', ds, to the tubes e², e³, whence such air and volatile products
of combustion pass by the flues do and do to the chimney. From this description
it will be seen that there is a continuous circulation of air through the apparatus,
the air being drawn in cold and becoming heated during its passage through the
said apparatus, which thus effects in a rapid and economical manner the evaporation
of the saccharine juice or liquor.
The other modification of the evaporating apparatus which is illustrated in
Figure 4, corresponds in most respects with that which I have already described,
and which is illustrated in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, but it differs therefrom in
the following respects :-The air-heating chamber E and the tubes e, e³, (Figure 5,)
and the pipe e, e³, (Figure 5,) are not used, but in lieu thereof is an inlet pipe 6*.
The flue d' is connected by the pipe with the exhauster F. An exhauster H is
fixed on the outlet pipe 6 of the hood B, which exhauster is so fixed as to deliver
any air which it exhausts from the hood through a pipe H¹ into a chimney not
shown.
The action of this apparatus is as follows.-Atmospheric air at the ordinary tem-
perature is drawn into the hood B through the inlet pipe 6s, Figure 4, by means of
one or more of the three exhausters F, G, and H. It is preferred to use all three of
these exhausters, but in some cases one or two only may be used. When all three
exhausters are used one part of the air which has passed through the hood and
become charged with the vapour given off from the juice or liquor which is being
evaporated is forced by the exhauster G under the grate of the furnace, where it
serves to support the combustion, and the products of combustion passing through
the flues d³, d, are drawn or forced by the exhauster or injector F into the hollow
trunnion c, and thence through the radial passages of the drum C¹ and the coiled
pipes-c, c, into the radial passages of the drum C³, and through the eduction pipe c'
into a chimney or into the open air.
Another part of the air which has passed through the hood is forced by the
exhauster F together with the volatile products of combustion herein-before referred
to through the hollow trunnion and the drum C₁, and the tubes c¹ to the eduction
pipe c'. The remainder of the said air is forced by the exhauster H through the
eduction pipe h¹ into the open air or into a chimney.
If the supply of air drawn through the hood is very small in quantity it will in
some cases be possible to utilize the whole of it by means of the exhauster G, and
in other cases it will be possible to utilize the whole of the said air by means of the
exhausters G and F, in either of which cases the exhauster H will not be used, and
the steam will consequently be shut off from it.
In some cases the evaporating wheel is modified by the ends of its pipes being
connected to radial tubular arms communicating with the tubular portions of the
axle instead of to the drums aforesaid.
In some cases the evaporating wheel is constructed with straight pipes instead of
with the coiled pipes herein-before described, in order to afford greater facility for
cleaning.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention of "Improvements in
Apparatus for the Manufacture of Sugar, part of which Apparatus is also Applicable
to other Purposes," and the manner in which the said Invention is to be performed,
I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise details described,
as they may be varied without departing, from the nature of the said Invention.
Thus for instance, although in order to show in one Figure (Figure 5), the general
arrangement of the evaporating apparatus, I have diawn the air-heating chamber

page_text: at a lower level than the evaporating pan and the steam boiler, it is evident that
the said chamber pan and boiler may be aranged in different positions relatively to
one another without changing their principle of action, neither do I claim any of
the parts of the said evaporating apparatus separately and apart from the other
parts; but I claim as the said Invention,-
Firstly. The improved disintegrating rolls herein-before described with reference
to Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, rolls around
which spiral or helical grooves are formed, the spiral or helical grooves around one
roll of each pair of rolls being in the reverse direction to the direction of the spiral
or helical grooves around the other roll of the same pair, the relative directions and
velocity of the rotations of the said rolls and the pitches and forms of their grooves
being such as to cause the said rolls to disintegrate the short cut lengths of cane,
essentially as described.
Secondly. The general combination of parts constituting the improved evaporating
apparatus herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 of
the accompanying Drawings, such parts being arranged relatively to each other and
operating essentially as described.
Thirdly. The modification herein-before described and illustrated in Figure 4 of
the evaporating apparatus referred to in my second claim.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hunter Henry Murdoch, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
W. T. WETTEMAN.
H. H. MURDOCH. (LS.)