Improvements in or relating to the Treatment of Cereals and Leguminous Products.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 27th Feb.,
1896
Improvements in or relating to the Treatment of Cereals and
Leguminous Products.
A communication from GEORG LUDWIG and Orro REINEKE, both of Dresden,
Saxony, in the Empire of Germany.
I ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what mauner the samo 18 to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the treatment of cereals and leguminous products.
The methods hitherto adopted for the cleaning of cereals by the dry as well as by
the wet process have not been suited to free the hull, especially when rifted or
cracked, from all impunities, as would seem to be essential to the obtainment of
the largest amount of meal.
Also, in using admixtures of pulverulent hard substances such as sand or the
like, for this purpose, or in the tieatment of cereals by means of compressed air or
steam, the cleaning has been ineffectually done. In particular there have always
been two disadvantages and imperfections for which all attempts have hitherto
failed to provide a 1omedy viz. ;—
(1) The removal of all extianeous dut from the cracks o1 rifts.
(2) The simultaneous separation of the hulls, gorms and beard from the grain
or seed without employing a hulling-mill or beaters.
The inventors therefore, in considering the imporfect and inefficient cleaning
processes heretofore employed have set before themselves as the objects to bo
aimed at the fulfilment of the following technical requirements;-
A process for cleaning the interstices by appropriato means and simultaneously
the separation of the woody shell with the membrane containing colouring
matters from the grain, by which process the germ will be loosened so that
after that process by the use of mechanical power the hulls and germs may easily
be removed.
This is attained by the employinent of dry or damp cellulose i.e. finely divided
organic fibres (for example; saw-dust or divided woody material, or paper, bran,
peat-meal, cork and other bark-meal, or other similar substances) in such manner,
that the diy cellulose in thorough mixture with the damp gain, or damped
cellulcse in a thorough mixture with the dry gram, by reason of its adhesive and
absorbing nature not only takes up the dust and dirt but also gives off to the hulls
or absorbs the necessary moisture and also gives the necessary moisture to the geims
which naturally readily absorb it, so that the hulls are loosened and the
germs become soft and swell. In consequence of such loosening of the bulls and
germs any mechanical fiction will accomplish the desired object the more favorably
the sooner it is applied. Every operation of mechanical power upon the loosened
hulls, by means of worins or the like with rough surfaces, will bring about the
bulling, lay baro the swollen germs and easily separate them from the seed-bodies
which have not been softened by the damp; but nevertheless, the nature of the
prior preparation of the grain makes it dosirable to employ a mechanical rubbing-
am face which will as far as practicable preserve its uniformity, inasmuch us
the means hitherto employed have been found to wear away quickly at the
surfaces and therefore to work either not uniformly or too sharply, resulting in
much loss.

page_text: The inventors satisfy these conditions by using cases, worms, and other apputatus
or tools, made of a material which will always retain a rough exterior no matter to
what extent it may be worn away, such material for instance as biscuit or other
porcelain, fire clay, porous glass, artificial stone, cement, clay etc.
Their application and use in the construction hereinafter descrihed, and as shown
in the accompanying drawings, his the important advantage, that the rubbing-
surfaces in consequence of the evenness and regularity of the material of which they
are composod are enabled to act uniformly; and the apparatus, by appropriate
selection of the material according to the nature of the grain, can cally the
operation though down to the polishing or smoothing thereof.
The invention consists essentially in the uso of the apparatus inule of the
descubed rough material, either alone or in connection with the celluloso process,
as well as in the cellulose process alone.
In consequcuce of the damping by means of cellulose, and, on the other hand,
owing to the tendency of the waste to "ball" or accumulate, there arises the
necessity of a continuous aspiration which is effected in this invention by the
employment in an enclosed case of two filters in alternate operation.
The apparatus referred to is illustrated in side clevation in Fig. 1 in front
elevation in Fig. 2 in plan in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 shows the novel features on an
enlarged scale.
The mode of working of the apparatus is as follows;-
The cereals with the collulose arrive at a (Fig. 1) in the conveyor b which
conducts them to the scrubbing or scouring apparatus c. From the scouring
apparatus the grain and cellulose pass through the pipe o into the bolting
apparatus (Fig. 2) which separates the cellulose from the grain which latter
passes automatically successively through the passage into the apparatus e and
through the pipe el into the apparatus, while the cellulose falls into the cylinder g
by way of the shoot g' and carrios with it the adherent dirt, sand, and tho like, to
be removed. The cleaned cellulose passes from a through the pipe into the
elevator whereby it is conveyed to the worm & Figure 1, and the dirt sand and
other foreign matters are delivered to the discharge worm shown diagrammatically
(by a chain line) in Figure 2. The cereals after having been deprived of the hulls
and gerins in the apparatus e, f in the manner hereinafter described are then
automatically delivered through the pipe into the shaker or bolting-apparatus A
which separates the hulls and germs from the giain; this latter is then conveyed
through the pipe into the elevator which conveys it to the compartment m
wherein drying and further cleansing are effected by mixing the grain with dry
cellulose. The subsequent separation of the cellulose from the grain is effected in
the cylinder into which the grain had previously passed through the pipe n', and
from which cylinder the grain passes through the pipes o' p' into the apparatus op
made of fino and finely porous material in order to be smoothed and buruished or
polished therein. The hulls and germs are carried away from the bolting
apparatus and compartment m by the discharge woim i as diagrammatically
indicated in Figure 2 and the shaken out cellulose is once more returned by the
elevator to the compartment in for further use.
In order to remove the cellulose from the several parts of the apparatus, as well
as the loose and separated hulls geims and fine particles or dust and the like n
draught or blast which is created by the exhauster y is employed, passing continuously
through the filterar 1 taking its way out of the said apparatus by the branch
pipes I to X and to the chief discharge pipe XI (Figs. 1 and 3)
"
In order to produce such continuous suction and to avoid any thickening or choking
of the filtering media, two separate filters r 1 ae airanged in the filter case s each
with a suction-pipe to and to' (Fig. 3) having throttle valves to respectively, and in
such manner that the current of air from the chief pipe XI entering in accordance
with the disposition of the inclined partitions y y either passos directly and
Bimultaneously through the two filters rr1 or when the valve to³ or w³ appertaining
to one of the said filters is closed, through the other of the filters. During the

page_text: operation of one of the filters the partial vacuuin formed in the casing of the other
o then-inoperative filter causes the dust particles, adhering to the filter-cloth of
the moperative filter, to be detached and drop into the worm i.
By means of this process repeated alternatoly in both filters, the pores of the
filter-cloth nie hept open and a cessation of the suction-current or return air-blast,
is thereby prevented. The automatic closing and oponing of the throttle-
valves to to and the consequent cleaning of the filters are effected by clockwork.
Fig. 4 shows the chief element of the apparatus, which consists of the working
chamber formed of the rough grained material herein before described, parts of
whose walls form doubly inclined or slanting planes and a worm consisting of
the same material having a pitch and diameter increasing correspondingly to the
increased section of the chamber r. The walls of this chamber and the surfaces
of the worm which effect the scrubbing are of a roughness suited to the nature
of the grain or material to be treated, while the similar apparatus for the final
polishing are smoother.
The mode of employment of this apparatus is as follows;-The materials
delivered into the compartment are in consequence of the inci casing pitch of the
worm u on the one hand, and on the other of the slant wall t constantly rubbed
against one another, and by the continuous oncoming of the materials are thrust
up the oblique plane v.
By this continuous rubbing against one another, their own weight, and the
continuous pressure of the materials on the rubbing surfaces of the walls of the
case and worm, the hulling, freeing from germs and smoothing are effected
according to the nature of the material of which the apparatus is formed.
The movement of the grain on the sloping plane v lasts until the entire chambei
is filled and the grain is driven out of the exit or overflow opening z.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim 18,-
1. In processes for the cleaning hulling freeing from germs and polishing of
cereals and legumes the employment of dry or of damp cellulose substantially
as described.
2. In apparatus for the cleaning hulling freeing from germs and polishing of
cereals and gumes the employment of rough rubbing surfaces substantially as and
for the purpose described.
3. In apparatus for cauying out the
employment of one or more devices which
ubbing surfaces tv and a worm such as
descubed.
processes mentioned in Claim 1 the
comprise a chamber a having inclined
substantially as and for the purpose
4. The apparatus for the treatment of cereals and legumes substantially as
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated thus 27th day of December 1895.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.