A Fluid and Liquid Pressure Motor for Driving Machinery and Mechanical Appliances.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Nov., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Aug., 1892-Accepted, 24th Sept., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Fluid and Liquid Pressure Motor for Driving Machinery and
Mechanical Appliances.
We WILLIAM BURMAN, and WILLIAM HAWKES BURMAN, of the firm of
W. Burman and Sons of Ryland Road, Edgbaston, near the City of Birmingham,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a prime mover, engine or motor, for the working of
machinery and mechanical appliances generally, such for example as horse-clipping,
and sheep shearing machines, rock drills, sewing machines, pumps and the like.
The said prime mover or engine is self contained in respect of having no valves
or loose moving parts, save the piston, as hereinafter described, and which said
prime mover is worked by compressed air, steam, heated air, water or gas.
Thus the said prime mover, which is concerned in obtaining power, and the
transmitting of the same to mechanical appliances for various purposes, is
constructed after the manner of a steam engine or steam pump cylinder, having a
plunger piston reciprocating freely to and fro within it, and with puff ports located
within the said piston, and communicating to the two opposite ends of the cylinder
respectively.
The cylinder when employed in connection with a piston rod, has upon the middle
of its top side, exaust ports, disposed immediately on the two opposite sides of the
supply, and on the other hand, when no piston rod is employed, such as for driving
horse clipping or sheep shearing machines, then a middle part of a close ended casing
is left open, for the working through it of a stud or projection carried on the side of
the piston.
In carrying out one form of our invention, we take a close ended casing or
cylinder, fitted or having located within it, a plunger piston, having upon one side
of it, and adjacent to each other, two puff ports, one leading to the back of it, and
the other directed to the front of it.
The entrances to these said ports are situated within longitudinal parallel directed
grooves.
Longitudinally sunken within one side of the piston, or that side opposite the
puff ports, is a channel cam, having the ends thereof inclined, so as to make the said
channel alike unto the figure of a rhomb.
These inclined ends, which are, in other words, inclined planes, are for the purpose
of giving a rocking movement or partial rotation to the plunger piston, on its own
axis, on the same approaching the end of its stroke, and to communicate the
respective ends of the cylinders with the exaust ports, which are located upon the
two opposite sides of the supply, which may consist of a passage or tube directed
into the cylinder, through the intervention of the piston, which automatically
reverses the direction of the inlet channels from supply to back of cylinder, or from
supply to front of cylinder, according to the position of the said piston within its
cylinder or casing.
The automatic change of the position of the ports, is created by a pin or stud on
the inside or other part of casing or auxilliary, taking into the sinking of the
channel cam, so that as the inclined ends impinge upon the stud, an alternate and
partial rotation is thereby given to the piston, which brings the puff ports before
the supply and exaust respectively.
Assuming the near side puff port leads to the right hand end of the cylinder or
casing, and the offside puff port leads to the left hand end of the cylinder, then by
the bringing of the near side puff port opposite the supply, steam, air or the like
would be admitted to the right hand end of the cylinder, which would then drive the

page_text: piston to the left hand side, and as the incline of the channel cam of the right hand
side end impinges upon the stud, the inclined plane runs over the end of the said
stud, and so gives a partial and forward rotation to the piston, thus bringing the off-
side puff port opposite the supply, and the near side puff port in front of the near
side exhaust, consequently the spent steam, air or the like, rushes through the
exhaust, while live air steam or the like, passes in the supply through the off-side
puff port, and to the left hand side of the cylinder, and from thence through the
piston to the left hand side of the cylinder, when the said piston is driven to the other
end of the cylinder, when the left-hand incline of the channel cam, impinges on the
stud, the piston being again rocked, and the off-side puff port is brought opposite
the offside exhaust, and the near side puff port before the supply, hence the
uncovering and presenting of the puff ports alternately to supply and exits or
exhausts.
Where the prime mover requires to communicate the motion of its piston from
the side, and with a short stroke, then the middle of the casing may be cut away
within the throw of the piston, and that the stud or snug on the side of the piston is
the means of communicating motion through the intervention of jointed levers or
other mechanical contrivances.
We propose that the piston in such a case should be surrounded with yielding
glands or rings, to make the open middle part of the cylinder air, gas, steam or
water tight.
We also propose that the plunger piston should be hollow, with steam ways
directed to rear and aft of the same, through the grooved or sunken entrances to the
puff ports, so that the propelling medium is admitted through the full length of the
stroke of the piston.
When the piston communicates its motion by means of a side stud, and through
an opening in the side of the casing, the same may be made in the form of a double
piston, connected together by side webs, one of which has sunken within it the
channel cam, and through the other, the passages to the back and front of the same
pass.
Instead of the cam being sunken, the same may project in the form of a rib with
inclined parallel ends, or instead of the cam being carried by the piston, it may be
recessed or formed on the inner side of the casing or cylinder, instead of on the
piston as first described.
Dated this 19th November 1891.
WILLIAM BURMAN,
WILLIAM HAWKES BURMAN,
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Fluid and Liquid Pressure Motor for Driving Machinery and
Mechanical Appliances.
We WILLIAM BURMAN and WILLIAM HAWKES BURMAN of the firm of
W. Burman and Sons, of Ryland Road Edgbaston, near the City of Birmingham
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a prime mover, engine or motor, for the working of
machinery and mechanical appliances generally, such for example as horse-clipping
and sheep-shearing machines, rock drills, sewing machines, pumps and the like.
The said prime mover or engine is self contained in respect of having no valves or
loose moving parts, save the piston as hereinafter described, and which said prime
mover is worked by compressed air, steam, heated air, water or gas.
Thus, the said prime mover, which is concerned in obtaining power, and the

page_text: transmitting of the same to mechanical appliances for various purposes, is
constructed after the manner of a steam engine or steam pump cylinder, having a
plunger piston, reciprocating freely to and fro within it, and with puff ports located
within the said piston, and communicating to the two opposite ends of the cylinder
respectively.
The cylinder when employed in connection with a piston rod, has upon the middle
of its top side, exhaust ports, disposed immediately on the two opposite sides of the
supply, and on the other hand, when no piston rod is employed, such as for driving
horse clipping or sheep shearing machines, then a middle part of a close ended casing
is left open, for the working through it of a stud or projection, carried on the side
of the piston.
In carrying out one form of our invention, we take a close ended casing or
cylinder, fitted or having located within it, a plunger piston, having upon one side
of it, and adjacent to each other, two puff ports, one leading to the back of it, and
the other directed to the front of it.
The entrances to these said ports are situated within longitudinal parallel
directed grooves.
Longitudinally sunken within one side of the piston, or that side opposite the puff
ports, is a channel cam, having the ends thereof inclined, so as to make the said
channel alike unto the figure of a rhomb.
These inclined ends, which are, in other words, inclined planes, are for the purpose
of giving a rocking movement or partial rotation to the plunger piston, on its own
axis, on the same approaching the end of its stroke, and to communicate the
respective ends of the cylinders with the exhaust ports, which are located upon the
two opposite sides of the supply (which may consist of a passage or tube directed
into the cylinder) through the intervention of the piston, which automatically
reverses the direction of the inlet channels from supply to back of cylinder, or from
supply to front of cylinder, according to the position of the said piston within its
cylinder or casing.
The automatic change of position of the ports is created by a pin or stud on the
inside or other part of the casing, taking into the sinking of the channel cam, so
that as the inclined ends impinge upon the stud, an alternate and partial rotation is
thereby given to the piston, which brings the puff ports before the supply and
exhaust respectively.
Where the prime mover requires to communicate the motion of its piston from the
side, and with a short stroke, then the middle of the casing may be cut away within
the throw of the piston, and then the stud or snug on the side of the piston is the
means of communicating motion, through the intervention of jointed levers or other
mechanical contrivances.
We propose that the piston, in such a case, should be surrounded with yielding
glands or rings, to make the open middle part of the cylinder, air, gas, steam or
water tight.
We also propose that the plunger may be hollow, with steam ways directed to
rear and aft of the same, through the grooved or sunken entrances to the puff-ports,
so that the propelling medium is admitted through the full length of the stroke of
the piston.
When the piston communicates its motion by means of a side stud, and through
an opening in the side of the casing, the same may be made in the form of a double
piston, connected together by side webs, one of which has sunken within it, the
channel cam, and through the other the passages to the back and front of the same,
pass.
Instead of the cam being sunken, inclined ends may be raised or stand out from
the plunger in the form of ribs, with inclined parallel ends, or instead of the cam
being carried by the piston, it may be recessed or formed on the inner side of the
casing or cylinder, and with a stud on the piston, instead of on the casing, as first
described, and further, the standing out inclined ends may be carried by the inside
of the casing, instead of on the plunger.

page_text: Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, represents in longitudinal vertical
section, a motor; constructed and provided according to our invention.
The plunger is shown at the end of its primary reciprocating traverse, prior to
the transposition of the puff port channel, lying over the exhaust, to a position
coincident with the supply inlet, and prior to the final traverse and rotatory
movement.
The said motor is shown in connection with a piston, and with the plunger moving
from left to right, or in the direction as indicated by the arrow, and also with the
puff port channel leading to the puff port, and open to the right hand end of the
plunger, open to the exhaust, whilst the channel of the puff leading to the left hand
end of the plunger is open to the supply port, and with steam, compressed air, water
or such like bodies, entering the said left hand side of the cylinder, pushing the
plunger to the right.
Figure 2 represents the said motor Figure 1, with the plunger having made its
final traverse to the right hand end of the cylinder, and with the channel of the,
puff port, which was coincident with the lower exhaust, as in Figure 1, transposed
to a position lignable with the supply port.
The transposition is occasioned by an inclined plane, constituting one end of a
channel cam, impinging against a fixed stud, lying within the path of its motion, on
the traverse of the plunger from left to right.
Figure 3 is a cross section of the said motor, upon the dotted lines A. B.
Figure 1, showing the relative positions of the parts, the channels of the puff ports,
and the outlets of them, the dispositions of the supply ports and exhausts, also the
sinking of the channel cam, and the roller ended stud located and working within
the same.
Figure 4 is a cross section upon the dotted lines CD Figure 2.
Figure 5 represents a longitudinal vertical section of the motor Figure 1 upon the
dotted lines E. F. Figure 3, or through a central part of the said motor, but at right
angles to that of Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 6 represents the right hand end of the plunger.
Figure 7 shows a part section of the cylinder, with the back of the plunger in
elevation, with the channel cam sunk within it, and with the rollered stud within it
lying at the junction of the straight traverse part, with the combined rotatory and
forward traverse part comprehended by the incline, which, coming within the path
of the roller, travels wedge-like up the same, hence the giving of the plunger a
partial rotation, equal to the distance between the supply port and exhaust.
The said position of the channel cam, is at the traverse of the plunger from left
to right, and just at the point where the transpositions of the puff ports is taking
place.
Figure 8 represents a like view as Figure 7, but with the plunger shown at the
end of its left hand traverse, whilst Figure 9 shows a like view as Figure 7, but
with the plunger passing to its right hand traverse, and with the plunger controlling
stud, shown at about the middle of the primary traverse.
Figure 10 represents the application of our new or improved motor to com-
municating motion to sheep shears. In this arrangement the casing or cylinder a,
has a limited slotted opening, upon one side, wherethrough a pin or connector,
carried by the plunger d, working within the said casing a, outwardly extends, and
which is embraced by an inner end of the working lever 1, (fulcrumed at 1) of a
cutter plate m, which reciprocates upon the teeth of the comb plate, whilst
connection between the said comb plate and the prime mover, is made by a carrying
frame, o.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures
of the drawings.
a is a cylinder or casing, closed at its ends, and provided or fitted with exhaust
ports,, directed through the walls of one of the sides of the said casing, and with
at supply port c, coming immediately between them, but not necessarily in the same
straight line. These said exhaust ports have a common outlet ³, and communication
?

page_text: from the port b, is made through an annular channel 6, sunken within the opposed
faces of an outer plate or flange, and an inner flange a², and through which former
parts, and a coincident supply pipe c², passes the supply port c.
d is a plunger adapted to reciprocate to and fro within a part of the interior of
the cylinder or casing, and within the other part, to have a joint reciprocating and
rotatory movement, and which latter movement or movements is or are occasioned
by the motive force of the one part, and an inclined side of a channelled recess or
cam, of the other part, as hereinafter described, coming within the path of a
stationary and preferably rollered stud, pin or fixture e, which is stationary with the
said casing.
Thus the plunger, which is preferably fitted at its end with packing rings d', and
longitudinal steel packing strips d, having on their undersides rubber or other
resilient facings for making sound, or steam or air tight the surface of the plunger
with the interior surface of the cylinder or casing, is provided with right hand and
left hand puff ports and y, which lead from, or are conducted to, longitudinal
channels or gutter depressions 2, g, so that the puff port, leads to the back of
the plunger, whilst the puff port leads to the front of it, and the exits or
entrances, of the said ports are situated at the bottom of the longitudinal and
parallel directe channels 2 g, as aforesaid.
Sunken longitudinal within the plunger, is a channel cam
sides, and inclined ends ³, h, and lying within the said
channel cam, is the roller end e², of the inwardly extending end
screw e.
with straight
recess of the
of the pin or
These inclined ends, which are in other words, inclined planes, are adapted for
giving a partial rotation or rocking movement to the plunger, for the purpose of
carrying or conveying the puff port channels, into positions lignable with the supply
port or exhausts respectively, on the said plunger approaching the end of its
stroke, and by which means communication between the supply port and exhausts,
with the puff ports, is automatically made and reversed.
The plunger is fitted with a piston rod i, working through a stuffing box k, with
a gland j.
OPERATION.
Assuming that steam or compressed air has entered the left hand end of the
cylinder or casing, and forced the plunger to the full plain traverse of its stroke,
and with the right hand end of the cylinder open, to the exhaust 3, through the
puff port, and the left band end of the cylinder open to the steam or air supply
port c, through the puff port g, g', then steam or air entering the said left hand end,
forces the plunger through its plain traverse, and on the bottom of the incline ',
impinging upon the roller stud e, which comes within its path, the said incline glides
over the roller of the said rollered stud, and turns the plunger upon its axis, and
forwardly, until the same has made its full stroke.
This automatic rotation of the plunger, has transferred the channels g², of the
puff port g, g, by its front upward movement, lignable with the exhaust port b, and
the channel, of the puff port, f, lignable with the supply c. This transferrance
or change of positions of the puff ports has cut off the left hand end of the cylinder
from the supply, and has opened it to the exhaust, whilst the right hand end has
been opened to the supply, and cut off from the exhaust (see Figure 2).
Thus the channel, has become coincident with the supply port c, so that steam
or compressed air travels down the said channel, through the entrance f, and
thence through the puff port, to the right hand end of the cylinder. The
channel g², coming lignable with and over the exhaust port b, communication is thus
made with the left hand side of the cylinder, and the spent air or steam flows back
through the puff port g, into the channel g, through the outlet g', and from thence
passes away through the exhaust b. The upward movement of the piston at the
front, carries the channels of the puff ports upwards, and brings the channel cam

page_text: at the back downwards, so that the stud, which lay at the junction of the side and
end, is now at the left hand end '.
The live steam or compressed air forces the plunger to the left hand end, and on
the incline of the channel cam h, impinging upon the rollered stud e, e, in its path
of motion, turns the plunger round and downwards, with the channel, coming
lignable with the port 62, so that the left hand end of the cylinder is now open to the
inlet or supply, and the right hand end to the exhaust.
By this means the plunger is both reciprocated, and, at the ends of its traverse,
partially rotated, hence the automatic transferrance of motive force alternately
to the ends of the plunger, and at the same time making communication between one
of the exhausts.
By the puff ports lying within the bottom of channels, the said channels only
have to become coincident and lignable with the supply and exhausts instead of the
puff port entrances and exits themselves coming coincident.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
First In a motor carrying, or passing the entrances or exits of the puff ports,
to or from the bottoms of channels, sunken within the surface of a plunger.
Secondly In a motor, the arrangement and combination of the puff ports and
their channels with the inlet port and exhausts, as described and set forth.
Thirdly-In a motor, the employment upon the side of a reciprocating, or part
reciprocating, and part rotating plunger, of a channel cam with inclined ends of the
one part, and with a stud or projection stationary or carried by the casing of the
other part, taking therein, whereby an automatic turn-over and transferrance of the
puff port channels, or puff ports, relative to the supply and exhaust ports, is
obtained.
Fourthly In a motor, the employment upon the inside of the facing of the
cylinder or casing, of an inclined ended channel cam, wherein a peg stud or
projection carried by the plunger takes and works; or employing on the outside of
the plunger, of raised inclined ends, wherewith a fixed stud engages, substantially
as, and for the purpose, described.
Fifthly -In a motor, the combination with the sunken channel or other turn
over cams, as referred to in the two preceeding claims, of the ports, channels, supply
and exhaust, with the plunger and casing, as set forth.
Sixthly In a motor the general construction and arrangement of the parts as
described and set forth.
Dated this 19th day of August 1892.
WILLIAM BURMAN,
WILLIAM HAWKES BURMAN,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicants.