Improvements in Steam or Vapour Generators Heated by the Combustion of Hydrocarbon Vapours or other Gases.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd May, 1894-Accepted, 8th Sept., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam or Vapour Generators Heated by the
Combustion of Hydrocarbon Vapours or other Gases.
I, SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, (a com-
munication to me from abroad by La Compagnie Internationale l'Exploitation
pour
des Procédés Adolphe Seigle, of Lyons, in the Republic of France,) do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention has for its object improvements in steam or vapour generating
apparatus heated by the combustion of hydrocarbon vapours or other gases. The
apparatus is composed of furnaces burning gases or combustible vapours especially
heavy hydrocarbon vapours. The furnaces are arranged in such a manner as to
obtain perfect combustion of the gases or vapours.
The apparatus or groups of the apparatus may be applied to any type of boiler
or they may be used alone.
Each of the furnaces or combustion flues is composed of a series of short
cylindrical or conical shells placed end to end with spaces between them for
admitting air.
Each flue or series of shells is traversed centrally by an ignited jet of gas
or combustible vapours projected into it from a gas injector or spring or pulverizer
apparatus of any suitable kind.
Each short shell is made of a double envelope formed of two concentric cylinders
or cones between which circulates the water to be vapourized.
The invention is represented in the annexed drawing in which:
Figure 1 is a vertical section showing one of the shells or double envelopes
connected to a boiler.
Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section through the centre of a marine boiler
the heating apparatus of which is composed of three combustion flues constructed
according to this invention.
Figure 3 is a transverse section on the line X X of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a transverse section of a marine boiler with four furnaces or
combustion flues the shells of which are coupled for feeding with water and
for delivery of steam.
Figures 5 and 6 are vertical and horizontal sections showing the circulation of
the gases in the boiler shewn in Figure 4.
In these figures the same letters designate the same parts.
A A A A A A A A A A A¹0 A" A2 A3 A4 A6 A10 are the shells.
a is the inner cylinder of the short shell A serving as a channel for the passage
of the ignited gases or vapours.
a' is the outer cylinder of the short shell A.
B B are gas generators or injector apparatus.
CCC are boilers.
D D' D D³ are tubes leading the water from the body of the boiler to
the shells.
dd' d' d' are branch tubes connecting the shells to the horizontal pipes D' D³.
E E E' are tubes delivering the steam generated in the shells into the boilers.
e ele are branch tubes connecting the shells to the tubes Ẹ¹ E³.
Fare baffle plates of the boiler C'.
011

page_text: '
two or more may be used as desired.
X X is the line on which the section Figure 3 is taken..
The arrows indicate the directions in which the liquids and gases travel.
The principle of the invention is shown in Figure 1.
A is a short shell formed of two cylinders a a¹ which are suitably con-
nected at both ends in such a manner as to form a watertight space between
them. This short shell A is placed below the body of a boiler C to which feed
water is supplied and the construction of which is dependent upon the use to which
it is to be applied. The water from the boiler C is led into the lower portion of
the shell A by means of the tube D and the steam formed in the shell between the
cylinders a a ascends into the body of the boiler by the tube E which passes from
the upper portion of the shell and opens into the boiler C at any suitable spot
preferably at the top as shown in the drawing.
In Figures 2 and 3 there is shown a practical application of the invention to a
marine boiler.
The heating apparatus is composed of three combustion flues, the first of which
is formed by the shells A¹ A' A'; the second by the shells A* A* A*; the third
by the shells A7 A8 A°.
Each shell is connected to the boiler C as above described by a feed tube D and
by a steam delivery tube E.
In front of the first shell of each flue is. placed a gas injector or spray or
pulveriser apparatus of any suitable type, appropriate to the kind of combustible
employed. These apparatus B B¹ placed respectively before the shells A¹ and A
are only partially shown.
As shown the injector and the three shells constituting a flue are placed in
a line. The ignited jet of gas or vapour coming from the apparatus B passes
through the three short shells of the first flue. The short shells are made of such
a size that each has its outlet orifice smaller than the entrance end of the
succeeding shell. There is thus produced at each gap by the suction of the flame
a natural draught of air necessary for combustion in the next shell. The intensity
of the combustible jet is regulated so that combustion is complete or nearly
complete at its exit from the flue. The baffle plates F in the end casings G
cause the escaping hot gases to traverse to and fro several times through the boiler
as shown by the arrows. Finally the gases part with the remainder of their useful
heat as they traverse a feed water heater and are delivered at the water level
without any chimney being necessary.
Inside the boiler the tubes D and E are provided with valves H which close
automatically in case of a serious leak in a shell lowering the pressure in these
tubes.
In the arrangement just described each short double shell forms a separate
section of the generator from which it may be shut off if damaged without hindering
the working of the remainder of the system. The flues or furnaces are shown
with three short double shells but they may be formed of a greater number of
elements if desired.
The separate sections may also be grouped in any suitable manner so as to
diminish the amount of tubing required.
The steam generator would then be made up of a number of the short shells.
Figure 4 is an example of one of the methods of grouping which may be adopted.
In this figure a marine boiler C is shown in which there are four furnaces or
combustion flues the shells A10 A" A" A" of which are coupled in fours fed by a
central tube D', and horizontal branches D2 D³ with unions d d d d each leading
into one of the shells. For the delivery of the steam these same shells are coupled
two by two; the shells A1 A1 communicate with the tube E' by the tubes e e¹ and
the shells AA" with the tube E' by the tubes e³é³.
The hot gases coming from the furnaces or combustion flues circulate round the
worms I 11 through which the feed water is led to the body C³ of the boiler.
,

page_text: The tubes D' E' E are also as in the arrangement shown in Figures and 3.
provided with valves H.
The heated products of combustion enter an end chamber K, they pass in
succession over and under partitions L' L L L L L L' and finally escape to.
the chimney by the side flue M.
The steam generator which has been shown and described as employed in
combination with a boiler may also be used alone without the upper boiler C*
serving as a water reservoir.
In this case the feed water is forced in through a conductor as D' and another
conductor as E' receives the generated steam.
It is then expedient to partition the annular chamber of each shell in such a
manner as to form it into a channel or worm through which the water to be
vaporized will be forced by a pump or otherwise.
In this case the end of the worm of each shell may be made to communicate
with the beginning of the worm of the succeeding shell in such a manner as to
obtain a continuous worm from one end of the flue to the other. The feed water
is supplied at one end, the delivery of the steam takes place at the other.
The arrangement may as will be understood be applied to vaporizing any liquid.
It is to be understood that I do not limit myself to the arrangements described.
and shown and that these may be varied in,
(a) The number and size of the shells forming each combustion flue or furnace.
(b) The number of combustion flues.
The method of grouping the shells both for feeding the water and for the
discharge of steam.
(d) The size and arrangement of the boiler body which should be set up in such
a manner as to utilize in the best way the hot gases coming from the combustion
flue or flues.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A vaporizing apparatus combined with a suitable boiler, consisting of a
combustion flue composed of several hollow shells arranged end to end with a space
between them, such flue being traversed by an ignited jet of gas or other vapour
issuing from an injector placed in front of the flue, each double shell forming this
flue being connected with the boiler for the water feed and steam delivery.
2. A vaporizing apparatus combined with a suitable boiler and consisting of
several flues arranged side by side the shells or elements of which are grouped for
the water feed and steam delivery.
3. A vaporizing apparatus composed of several shells arranged as described, each
shell partitioned internally in such a manner as to form a worm for the circulation
of the liquid to be vaporized.
4. The combination of several vaporizing shells arranged as has been described
with conductors leading liquid under suitable pressure to the shells, and receiving
the vapour.
5. The arrangements of vaporizing apparatus substantially as herein described
and illustrated in the drawings annexed.
Dated this 2nd day of May 1894.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.