IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL YEAST POWDER AND PREPARED FLOUR OF A SELF-RAISING CHARACTER
Year: 1874

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LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention.
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL YEAST POWDER
AND PREPARED FLOUR OF A SELF-RAISING CHARACTER."-A communication.
from abroad by Edward Peers Eastwick, of the City and State of
1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson:
:
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th May 1874.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
5 of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL YEAST
POWDER AND PREPARED FLOUR OF A SELF-RAISING CHARACTER," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Edward Peers Eastwick, of the City and
State of New York, United States of America; to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture to be used in connection

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WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight. hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
Seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special
license that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as. I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iй-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL YEAST POWDER AND PREPARED
FLOUR OF A SELF-RAISING CHARACTER," a communication to me from abroad
by Edward Peers Eastwick, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Henry Johnson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately.
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say:-
.::
This Invention consists in the manufacture of a new compound to be
used in connection with any kind of flour or amylaceous matters
intended for culinary purposes.
The said compound or mixture is composed of neutral and acid
salts in the proportions and for the purpose herein-after more fully
specified.
The chemicals which may be used are the carbonates (acid or neutral)
of the alkalies and alkaline earths, soda, potassa, ammonia, lime, &c.,
and the neutral or acid or double sulphates of alumina (alums) or any
other salts which by their decompositions precipitate alumina, and by

page_text: which alums may be formed, and sulphates (of the carbonate used), and
free carbonic acid gas are produced.
A mixture of two or more carbonates and a sulphate or other salt of
alumina can be used, and will give a similar reaction as when only one
carbonate is used.
The following describes more particularly one of the mixtures of tho
salts, which when mixed with water and heat applied by their
mutual decompositions develope a large quantity of carbonic acid gas,
such as the normal sulphate of alumina and the acid carbonate of soda,
in which mixture the following formula illustrates the chemical re-
action-Ab, 0, 3 SO,, 18 HO + 3 (nao), 2 CO₂ HO) + 9 HO = 3
(nao SO,, 10 HO) + a 1, 03 +6 CO..
:
:
2!
The above formula expresses the chemical equivalents requisite for
the reaction, but in using such compounds it is often necessary to
change the proportions of the different salts, in order to obtain certain
desirable results, to wit, either an alkaline, neutral, or acid reaction, as
may be desired.
I have made a good and well raised bread and cakes, &c., with the
following amounts :--
150 parts of sulphate of alumina.
bi-carbonate of soda.
.80
""
"
100
100
دو
170
" ."
>> sugar.
flour
chloride of sodium.
The above must be well mixed and added to 70-80 parts of flour; but
this proportion can be varied to suit the tastes and requirements of those
using the same, a smaller quantity of flour used giving a lighter bread,
and a larger quantity a closer or not so highly aerated a bread.
The salts may be mixed as follows:-150 parts of sulphate of alumina
with about one-half of the 170 parts of flour, and the 80 parts of bi-
carbonate of soda with the other half are first separately mixed; the
whole of the 600 parts are then mixed together, and when properly
incorporated the mixture is added to the 70-80 parts of flour, or there-
abouts.

page_text: purposes
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and scal, this Eighteenth day of
November One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)