IMPROVEMENTS IN HOSIERY YARNS AND IN WEFTS' FOR WEAVING SILK AND WOOLLEN FABRICS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Fox and John Clapham, both of Leeds, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOSIERY YARNS AND
IN WEFTS' FOR WEAVING SILK AND WOOLLEN FABRICS."
Salad 10th T1070 and datad the 17th Danomhan 1070
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Fox and John
Clapham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th
December 1878.
WILLIAM Fox and JOHN CLAPHAM, both of Leeds, in the County of York. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN HOSIERY YARNS AND IN 'WEFTS' FOR WEAVING SILK AND
WOOLLEN FABRICS."
Our improvements consist in the manufacture of hosiery yarns and weft to be
used in weaving silk and woollen fabrics. The manufacture of such material consists
in operating upon a twisted thread composed of any strong and suitable fibre in
combination with a condenser thread or "sliver," such operation being effected on
the mule or twisting frame, and consists in twisting together the "sliver" and
twisted thread, producing thereby a yarn that is very strong and soft to the touch,
and when woven or knitted the twisted thread is not in sight; also, when used in
weaving, and after the fabric has undergone the usual processes of scouring, fulling,
raising, dressing, and dyeing, no figure or pattern is imparted by the twisted thread
to the fabric.
A velvet like "nap" both in appearance and softness is produced by the con-
denser thread; at the same time the material can be made strong, durable, and at a
cheap rate.

page_text: When heavy woollen cloths are required we run the twisted thread through a
groove in the delivery roller of the mule or twisting frame in order to wrap or coil
any desired length of the condenser thread or sliver upon the strong twisted thread.
The groove in the delivery roller is for the purpose of allowing the twisted thread
to be traversed at any required speed, such speed varying in accordance with the
thickness of the "weft" for the various kinds or thicknesses of materials or fabrics
to be woven or knitted. The above mentioned arrangement of groove is of a similar
construction to that described in the Specification of the Letters Patent granted to
John Clapham, dated 26th July 1878, No. 2981.

page_text: "
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Fox and John Clapham in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 17th June 1879.
WILLIAM Fox and JOHN CLAPHAM, both of Leeds, in the County of York.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOSIERY YARNS AND IN WEFTS' FOR WEAVING SILK AND
WOOLLEN FABRICS."
Our improvements consist in the manufacture of hosiery yarns and weft to be
used in weaving silk and woollen fabrics. The manufacture of such material consists
in operating upon a twisted thread composed of any strong and suitable fibre in
combination with a condenser thread or "sliver," such operation being effected on
the mule or twisting frame, and consists in twisting together the "sliver" and
twisted thread, producing thereby a yarn that is very strong and soft to the touch,
and when woven or knitted the twisted thread is not in sight; also, when used in
weaving, and after the fabric has undergone the usual processes of scouring, fulling,
raising, dressing, and dyeing, no figure or pattern is imparted by the twisted thread
to the fabric.
A velvet like "nap" both in appearance and softness is produced by the con-
denser thread; at the same time the material can be made strong, durable, and at a
cheap rate.
When heavy woollen cloths are required we run the twisted thread through a
groove in the delivery roller of the mule or twisting frame in order to wrap or coil
any desired length of the condenser thread or sliver upon the strong twisted thread.
The groove in the delivery roller is for the purpose of allowing the twisted thread
to be traversed at any required speed, such speed varying in accordance with the
thicknesses of the "weft" for the various kinds or thicknesses of of the "weft" for
the various kinds or thicknesses of material or fabrics to be woven or knitted. The
above mentioned arrangement of groove is of a similar construction to that described
in the Specification of the Letters Patent granted to John Clapham, dated 26th
July 1878, No. 2981.
And in order that our Invention may be more completely understood, reference
is given to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and marks
11
Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of part of a mule, shewing the arrangement of
apparatus for producing the yarn; Fig. 2, an elevation of a detail of such
apparatus.
a is the framework of part of a mule; b is the condenser bobbin on which is
wound the condenser thread c; d is the cylinder or roller of ordinary construction ;
e is the drawing or fluted roller, which is grooved at f and g; h is the pressing roller.
The condenser thread c is taken from the bobbin b and drawn between the rollers
h and e at or about the points i and j. The twisted thread n is taken from bobbins
k between the feed roller and pressing roller m, and passes from thence up to
between the rollers e and h, and through grooves f and g; after passing through the
grooves they are operated upon through the action of the ordinary spindles of the
mule, causing the condenser thread c to be coiled or wrapped round the twisted
thread n.
After this operation the yarn produced is very strong and soft to the touch, and
the central or twisted thread when woven or knitted is not in sight; also, when
used in weaving, and after the fabric has undergone the usual process of scouring,
fulling, raising, dressing, and dyeing, no figure or pattern is imparted by the twisted
thread to the fabric.
The object of the grooves ƒ and g is for the purpose that the material in such
grooves may be travelled at a different speed to that running between the flats i

page_text: and j. We would here also remark that when preferred the positions of the con-
denser threads and the twisted threads may be reversed.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and described by the aid
of Drawings how the same may be carried into practice, we would have it under-
stood that we do not limit ourselves to the precise limits, details, or configuration
of the parts we have expressed and shewn, as the same may be varied or modified
without departing from the nature of our Invention, but what we claim and desire
to be secured to us by Letters Patent is,-
The construction and combination of a condenser thread with a twisted thread,
these being twisted together substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Clapham, for myself and on behalf of the
said William Fox, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth
day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-nine.