IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ENVELOPES OR WRAPPERS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL CAKE
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Maurice Gandy and Charles Speck Brittain, both of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND RELATING TO ENVELOPES OR WRAPPERS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF OIL CAKE"
PROVISIONAI, SPECIFICATION left by the said Maurice Gandy and Charles
Speck Brittain at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th,
April 1880.
MAURICE GANDY and CHARLES SPECK BRITTAIN, both of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ENVELOPES OR
WRAPPERS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL CAKE."
Our Invention consists,-
First. Of'an improved envelope or wrapper.
Second. Of an improved method or process of making an envelope or wrapper.
First. The envelope or wrapper consists of a combined envelope and wrapper for
use in the extraction of oil by pressure from linseed and other oleaginous matters,
such as that described in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 4251, A.D. 1878,
in which corrugations were formed in the envelope or wrapper by ribs of rope,
wood, or like material. The corrugations, as is well known to the trade, are
formed either in the plate of the press or in the envelope; for the purpose of
preventing the seed and other matter under treatment from squirting out of the
sides of the cake when pressure is applied.
Our present Invention of an improved envelope or wrapper consists in using a
lining or stuffing of perforated, indented, or network material, such as sheets of
cotton belting formed with indentations or punched out holes or perforations, or
of compressed paper with similar indentations or perforations, or of other material
having indentations or perforations, or of network of rope or cord. This indented,
perforated, or network lining or stuffing is placed between the outer cover, which
is preferably of cotton cloth, and the inner lining (which is of woollen cloth) of
the envelope or wrapper, and takes the place of and is in substitution of the
corrugations formed in the envelope or wrapper, as described under Patent
No. 4251. A.D. 1878.

page_text: Second. Of forming the indentations or network in the weaving of the cloth,
either in the inner or woollen cloth, or in the outer or cotton cloth of which the
envelope or wrapper is composed.
The object of so constructing an envelope or wrapper being to improve upon the
corrugated system by providing a network system, which prevents both lateral and
longitudinal squirting of the seed or other matter during compression.
Second. Of an improved method or process of making an envelope or
wrapper.
This part of our Invention relates to so manufacturing envelopes and wrappers
for use in the extraction of oil by pressure from linseed and other oleaginous
matters, that such envelopes or wrappers will not give out unevenly, or distort
when subjected to the pressure of the hydraulic press.
Hitherto it has been customary to manufacture such envelopes or wrappers of a
cloth, either cotton cloth or woollen cloth, having its warp of a uniform strength
throughout; but it is found in practice that the centre of the envelope or wrapper
is subjected to much greater pressure than the sides thereof, and therefore is the
first part to show signs of weakness and wear.
Our Invention consists in remedying this evil, and thereby prolonging the life or
use of the envelope or wrapper.
We acccomplish this object of our Invention in either of the following ways:-
First. For example, in combined envelopes and wrappers, such as those con-
structed under Letters Patent No. 4251, A.D. 1878, granted to Charles Speck Brittain
and Harold King, we use woollen cloth for the inside of the envelope, such woollen
cloth being woven with its central warps for a space equal to about one third of
the width or breadth of the wrapper, of yarn or cord from ten to fifty per cent.
stouter than the yarn or cord which forms the sides of the cloth. We need not
Where
describe the process of weaving, as such is well known to skilled weavers.
cotton duck is used for the outside cover of the envelope the central warps of the
cotton duck cloth may be also ten to fifty per cent. stouter than the side warps of
the cloth, in manner similar to the woollen cloth before described. In tho con-
struction of the envelope the woollen cloth before described and the cotton cloth
before described may be used together, or they may be used separately with
ordinary woollen or cotton cloth, as the case may be, the result being the central
strengthening of the envelope or wrapper to resist the uneven pressure exerted in
pressing oil cake.
Second. In the manufacture of envelopes or wrappers, as before described, wo
effect the strengthening of the wrapper or cloth by stitching a central strengthening
band on the wrapper or cloth before forming it into the envelope. This
strengthening band may be of wool, cotton, or other material as applied to the
woollen cloth, or cotton, wool, or other material as applied to the outer or cotton
cloth.
Third. We effect the strengthening of the cloth, being the woollen cloth or the
cotton cloth, by forming the cloth of two narrow cloths, arranged to overlap and
to be seamed and stitched down the centre.
In tho further carrying out of our Invention, and in the manufacture of envelopes
or wrappers, such as those described under the Specification of Letters Patent
No. 4251, A.D. 1878, before referred to, we produce trade mark letters, device, or
devices by inserting cotton stuff or other suitable material (which has been cut out
to the required form) between the folds or cloths of which the envelope or wrapper
is composed.
In the manufacture of the oil cake the letter or device is printed on the cake.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Maurice Gandy and Charles Speck Brittain in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 27th October 1880.
MAURICE GANDY and CHARLES SPECK BRITTAIN, both of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ENVELOPES on
WRAPPERS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL CAKE."
Our Invention relates to envelopes or wrappers for use in the extraction of oil by
pressure from linseed and other oleaginous matters, and the following is a full, clear,
and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings making a part of this Specification and to the letters and figures of
reference marked thereon, like letters and figures being used to denote the same
or corresponding parts throughout the various views.
Our Invention consists,-
First. Of an improved envelope or wrapper.
Second. Of an improved method or process of making an envelope or wrapper.
First. The envelope or wrapper consists of a combined envelope or wrapper for
use in the extraction of oil by pressure from linseed and other oleaginous matters,
the envelope and wrapper being formed together in one piece, as described in the
Specification of Letters Patent, No. 4251, A.D. 1878, in which corrugations are
formed in the envelope or wrapper by ribs of rope, wood, or like material.
The corrugations, as is well known to the trade, are formed either in the plate of
the press or in the envelope for the purpose of preventing the seed and other
matter under treatment from squirting out of the sides of the cake when pressure
is applied.
Our present Invention of an improved envelope or wrapper consists in using a
lining or stuffing of perforated, indented, or network material, see A, Figures 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, of the Drawings. B, Figures 1 and 3 is the lining of woollen cloth; C is
the outside backing of cotton cloth of an envelope or wrapper made in accordanco
with the Specification of Letters Patent before referred to, No. 4251, A.D. 1878.
The packing A may be of cotton belting punched with boles, as shown at Figuro 2;
or indented, as shown at Figure 3; or formed as a grating, as shown at Figure +;
or of compressed paper with similar perforations or indentations, or of wood or
other material having indentations or perforations, or of network of rope or cord,
as shown at Figure 5. This perforated, indented, or network lining is placed
between the outer cover C and the inner lining B of the envelope or wrapper, as
shown at Figures 1 and 3, and takes the place of and is in substitution: of tho
corrugations formed in the envelope or wrapper, as described under Patent
No. 4251, A.D. 1878, or may be used in conjunction therewith.
In the further carrying out of our Invention the perforations, indentations, or
network may be formed in the cloth C or B, either or both of them, during the.
weaving of the cloth, in manner well known in the art of weaving.
The object of constructing envelopes or wrappers with perforated, indented, or
network lining, or with the cloths of which the envelope or wrapper is composed,
similarly constructed, is to improve upon the corrugated system, and thus prevent
both lateral and longitudinal squirting of the seed or other matter during
compression.
Second. Of an improved method or process of making an envelope or wrapper.
This part of our Invention relates to so manufacturing envelopes and wrappers
for use in the extraction of oil by pressure from linseed and other oleaginous
matters, that such envelopes or wrappers will not give out unevenly or distort
when subjected to the pressure of the hydraulic press.
Hitherto it has been customary to manufacture such envelopes or wrappers of a
cloth, either cotton cloth or woollen cloth, having its warp threads of a uniform

page_text: strength throughout, but it is found in practice that the centre of the envelope or
wrapper is subjected to much greater pressure than the sides thereof, and therefore
is the first part to show signs of weakness and wear.
Our Invention consists in remedying this evil, and thereby prolonging the life or
use of the envelope or wrapper.
We accomplish this object of our Invention in either of the following ways:-
First. For example in combined envelopes or wrappers, such as those constructed
under Letters Patent, No. 4251, A.D. 1878, before referred to, we use woollen
cloth for the inside of the envelope of which Figure 6 is an example, such woollen
cloth being woven with its central warps E for a space equal to about one third of
the width or breadth of the envelope of yarn or cord from ten to fifty per cent.
stouter than the yarn or cord which forms the sides F of the cloth. We need not
describe the process of weaving, which is well known to skilled weavers. Where
cotton duck is used for the outside cover of the envelope the central warps E (see
Figure 6) of the cotton duck cloth may be also ten to fifty per cent. stouter than
the side warps F of the cloth, in manner similar to the woollen cloth before
described. In the construction of the envelope, the woollen cloth before described
and the cotton cloth before described may be used together, or they may be used
separately with ordinary woollen or cotton cloth, as the case may be, the result
being the central strengthening of the envelope or wrapper to resist the uneven
pressure exerted in pressing oil cake.
Second. In the manufacture of envelopes or wrappers, as before described, we
effect the strengthening of the wrapper or cloth by stitching a central strengthening
band E, Figure 7, on the wrapper or cloth before forming it into the envelope.
This strengthening band E may be of wool, cotton, or other material as applied to
the outer or cotton cloth, or inner or woollen cloth.
Third. We effect the strengthening of the cloth, being the woollen cloth or the
cotton cloth, by forming the cloth of two narrow cloths arranged to overlap and be
seamed and stitched down the centre as at E, Figure 8.
In the further carrying out of our Invention and in the manufacture of envelopes
or wrappers, such as those described in the Specification of Letters Patent, No. 4251,
A.D. 1878, before referred to, we produce trade mark letters, device, or devices by
inserting cotton cloth or other suitable material, which has been cut out to the
required form, such as shown at Figure 9. The device so formed is placed between
the folds or cloths of which the envelope or wrapper is composed, and in the manu-
facture of the oil cake the device is printed on the cake in relief.
What we claim as the Invention secured to us by Letters Patent as aforesaid is,―
Claim, First. An envelope or wrapper (for use in the extraction of oil by pressure
from seeds and other oleaginous matters) possessing the following composition and
features:-
"
First. A lining or stuffing of cotton belting, paper, wood, or other material,
which is perforated, indented, or of network, in combination with an outer cover
and inner lining to prevent longitudinal and lateral squirting of the seed when
under pressure.
Second. An inner lining of woollen cloth woven in plaids or formed with
indentations or network in the weaving of the cloth, in combination with an outer
or cotton cloth to prevent longitudinal as well as lateral squirting of the seed when
under pressure.
Third. An outer cover of cotton cloth formed with perforations, indentations, or
network in the weaving of the cloth, in combination with an inner woollen cloth
to prevent longitudinal as well as lateral squirting of the seed when under
brascura

page_text: forming of the cloths of which such envelopes or wrappers are made with the
central warps of the cloth stouter than the side warps thereof as set forth, and for
the purposes stated in the before going Specification, and as shown at Figure 6 of
the Drawings hereto annexed.
Second. In the method or process of making an envelope or wrapper for use in
the extraction of oil by pressure from linseed and other oleaginous matters effecting
the strengthening of the wrapper or cloth by stitching thereon a central
strengthening band, as described and shown at Figure 7 of the Drawings bereto
annexed.
Third. In the method or process of making an envelope or wrapper for use in
the extraction of oil by pressure from linseed and other oleaginous matters effecting
the strengthening of the wrapper or cloth by forming the wrapper of two narrow
cloths arranged to overlap, and be seamed and stitched down the centre, as
described and shown at Figure 8 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
CLAIM THIRD.
The insertion between the cloths which compose envelopes or wrappers of a cut
out device that will leave a relief impression upon the cake after pressure, as
described and shown at Figure 9 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Maurice Gandy, on behalf of myself, and of
the said Charles Speck Brittain, have to this our Specification set my hand
and seal, this Twenty Sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
MAURICE (L.S.) GANDY.