Improvements in Type Writers.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 10th July, 1893.
Complete Specification Left, 5th Apr., 1894-Accepted, 10th Aug., 1844
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type Writers.
I, JAMES PATERSON of 794 Tottenham Court Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in type writers, and has for object to so
construct such instruments or machines that they shall be easily manipulated, he
simple in construction, effective in work, and not be liable to get out of order, or
need repair. They will also be capable of being worked at a much greater speed
than machines now in general use. I at the same time dispense with the ordinary
inking ribbon and its attendant disadvantages, an inking roller or rollers being
preferably substituted which may as required be easily changed for printing, in
different colors, and by which a much neater and cleaner impression is obtained.
Further in accordance with this invention I have two type discs upon the
peripheries of which are formed the various characters, marks, or signs, to be
printed. These discs are so arranged that they may be worked, simultaneously,
and hence two letters, marks, or signs, may be printed at a time. Again, with a
keyboard of a less size than those now in use I am enabled to employ or make use
of a very much greater number of different.characters. One of the very great
advantages possessed by typewriters constructed in accordance with this invention,
is their adaptability and extreme usefulness to stockbrokers and others constantly
dealing with figures and fractions thereof as by the dispensation and arrangement
of keyboard and type discs aforesaid fractions of halves, thirds, eighths, and
sixteenths, are capable of being registered or printed.
Now, according to this invention I have a paper carrier or roller of any desired
or known character situate at the back of the machine i.e. farthest away from the
operator. The carrier is preferably so arranged that the printing is always kept in
view. In a convenient position for acting upon the paper carried upon the roller
or carriage I have the two type discs aforesaid. The peripheries of these type
discs carry the type. Upon each disc periphery may be formed conveniently
different characters, letters, or signs, say for instance, one fourth of the circum-
ference of the disc may be allotted to capital letters, one fourth to small letters, one
fourth to punctuation marks, and one fourth to figures, or otherwise as may be
convenient or desirable. By this arrangement the fractions as aforesaid may be
printed, and with a keyboard of only 24 keys, 96 different characters are capable
of being printed, and further by my invention a certain number (conveniently
say 8) of extra characters or signs may be printed making a total in all of 104.-A
much greater number than has been possible heretofore even with a larger key-
board. These type discs are mounted upon separate spindles carried in a rocking
frame, and are actuated or partially revolved from the keyboard by the depression
of a key or keys through suitably fulcrummed levers each taking against and
raising a pirotted finger which at its free end is formed of a convenient shape for
acting upon the spindle of the type disc. These spindles, I preferably form of a
square shape in section but for lightness have longitudinal grooves cut or formed in
each flat side of the square spindle. As the key is depressed it depresses one end
of the fulcrummed lever aforesaid thereby raising the other end, this then raises
the pivotted finger which taking against the flat of the disc-spindle causes the
latter to partially revolve and place the desired type characters in position for
printing. Upon continuing the depression of the key the rocking frame before

page_text: referred to is brought into such position as to allow the type disc to reach the paper
to be printed upon.
For inking the type I prefer to use an inking roller or rollers which is or are
carried upon bracket arms and placed in advance of the type disc, so arranged as
to be depressed out of the line of travel of the type as it touches the paper.
Suitable auxilliary locking keys are provided by the action of which upon suitably
levers the desired section of the type disc periphery (for instance whether
that portion is required marked with capitals, or one of the other sections marked
either with small letters, punctuation marks, or figures) is brought into position for
action and there locked.
For printing two characters or signs as aforesaid I have a special arrangement
of feed mechanism for the paper carrier before mentioned which is as follows:-
I utilize the maximum depression of the keys and the consequent action of the
levers to operate a ratchet feed of the paper from right to left in any known
practical manner but with their important distinction that the feed consequent upon
a depression of one of the keys of the left hand of keyboard takes effect before the
impress of the type on the paper, whilst the feed from the right hand of keyboard
takes place after the impress of the type. Thus two letters, or characters can be
impressed side by side, with a feed of only one letter, and after each impress the
next letter is impressed with a feed of one letter or two according to whether the
right hand or left hand side of the keyboard respectively is used.
To obtain the extra signs or characters before referred to without adding to
the number of keys, I so arrange the letters, characters, or signs, which are least
used, upon the peripheries of the type disc that they may be simply operated by
the hand pressing forward the rocking frame carrying the type disc aforesaid and
bringing the latter into contact with the paper to be printed upon.
All other accessory details common to all type writers are of the usual character,
and I do not here require to give them any special description.
Dated this 5th day of July 1893.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type Writers.
I, JAMES PATERSON, of 136 Strand, London, W.C. (late of 794 Tottenham
-Court Road, in the County of Middlesex), Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
This invention relates to improvements in type writers, and has for object to so
construct such instruments or machines that they shall be easily manipulated,
simple in construction, effective in work, and capable of greater speed than other
type writers hitherto in use, and at same time the ordinary inking ribbon and its
disadvantages are dispensed with, an inking roller or rollers being preferably
substituted, which may, as required, be easily changed for different colored
imprints, and by which a much cleaner and neater printing is obtained.
In accordance with this invention I have two type discs upon the peripheries of
which are formed the various characters to be printed. These discs are so
arranged that they may be worked simultaneously and hence two characters may
thus be printed at a time.
Again, with a key board of a less size than those now in use I am enabled to
employ or obtain a very much greater number of different characters. One of the
very great advantages possessed by type writers constructed in accordance with
this invention will be their extreme usefulness to stockbrokers and others constantly
dealing with figures and fractions thereof as by the dispensation and arrangement

page_text: of keyboard and type discs aforesaid fractions of halves, thirds, quarters, eighths,
and sixteenths, are capable of being registered or printed. Now, in accordance
with this invention, I have a paper carrier or roller of any desired or known.
character situate at the back of the machine, i.e. farthest from the operator.
The carrier is preferably so arranged that the printing is always kept in view.
In a convenient position for acting upon the paper carried upon the roller or
carriage I have the two type discs aforesaid. The peripheries of these type discs
carry the type. Upon each of said disc peripheries may be marked conveniently
different characters or signs, say for instance one fourth of the circumference of
the disc may be allotted to capital letters, one fourth to small letters, one fourth to
punctuation marks, and one fourth to figures, or otherwise as may be convenient or
desirable. By this arrangement the fractions as aforesaid may be printed and with a
keyboard of only 24 keys 96 different characters are capable of being printed.
Further by the arrangement and combination of parts of the type writer constructed
in accordance with my invention, without extra keys a certain number, conveniently
say 8 extra signs or characters may be printed, making in all a total of 104.-
A much greater number than has been possible heretofore even with a larger
keyboard. These type discs are mounted upon separate spindles carried in a
rocking frame, and are actuated or partially revolved from the keyboard by the
depression of a key or keys through the medium of suitably fulcrummed levers
each taking against and raising a pivotted finger which at its free end is formed of
a convenient shape for acting upon the spindles of the type discs. These spindles
I preferably form of a square shape in section but for lightness have longitudinal
grooves cut or formed in each flat side of the square spindle. As the key is
depressed it depresses one end of the fulcrummed lever aforesaid thereby raising
the other end, this then raises the pivotted finger which taking against the flat of
the disc spindle causes the latter to partially revolve and place the desired type
characters in position for printing, and there locks it. Upon continuing the
depression of the key the rocking frame before referred to is brought into such
position as to allow the type disc to reach the paper to be printed upon.
For inking the type I prefer to use an inking roller or rollers which is or are
carried upon bracket arms and placed in advance of the type discs, so arranged
as to be depressed out of the line of travel of the type 'as it (the type) touches the
paper. Suitable auxiliary locking keys are provided by the action of which upon
suitably fulcrummed levers the desired section of the type disc periphery (for
instance whether that portion marked with capitals, or one of the other sections
marked with small letters, punctuation marks, or figures, is required) is brought
into position for action and there locked.
For printing two characters or signs as aforesaid have a spécial arrangement
of feed mechanism for the paper carrier before mentioned which is as follows:
I utilize the maximum depression of the keys and the consequent action of the
levers to operate a ratchet feed of the paper from right to left in any known
practical manner, but with this important distinction, that the feed consequent
upon a depression of one of the keys of the left hand of keyboard takes effect
before the impress of the type on the paper, whilst the feed from the right hand of
keyboard takes place after the impress of the type. Thus two letters or characters
can be impressed side by side with a feed of only one letter, and after each impress
the next letter is impressed with a feed of one letter or two according to whether
the right-hand or left-hand side of keyboard respectively is used.
To obtain the extra signs or characters, before referred to, without adding, to
the keyboard I so arrange the characters which are least used upon the peripheries
of the type discs that they may be simply operated by the hand pressing forward
the rocking frame carrying the type discs aforesaid and bringing the type into
contact with the paper to be printed upon. All other accessory details common to
all type writers are of the usual character and I do not here require to give them
any special description. And in order that this my invention may be fully

page_text: understood I will now have reference to the two sheets of drawings accompanying
this Specification.
Fig. 1. represents a type writer in plan view constructed in accordance with this
invention, and Fig. 2 is a side elevation in section through line A B Fig. 1, shewing
particularly the type actuating mechanism and the paper feed device.
Figs. 3, 44, and 5ª are detail views.
Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, are side elevational views of various portions of the feed
mechanism.
Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in each of the figures.
a a are the two type discs. The type is carried upon the peripheries of these
discs and the different characters or signs are arranged in manner aforesaid. The
type discs a a are mounted upon separate spindles 6b which are carried in the
rocking frames c c. The spindles bb, as before mentioned are preferably square
in section and for lightness have longitudinal grooves b' b' cut or formed in each
flat side. dddd are the keys of the keyboard carried upon the ends of levers or
arms e e e suitably fulcrummed at back of machine upon shaft or spindle f. These
levers are spaced and kept in proper position by being placed in the combs or
serrated guide bars g. Upon the upper side of each of these fulcrummed levers e
and in a suitable position for the purpose, I have a hooked piece or catch / which
as the desired key is depressed acts upon the end of its corresponding finger i
and raises the other end 2 of said finger (all these fingers being pivotted upon the
shaft or spindle k) which acting upon the underside of square spindle 6 also raises
same and with it the type disc a till contact is made with the paper to be printed
upon.
The paper is carried upon the plate & passes around the roller m and between
it and the roller m' as indicated by arrows in the drawings. n is the inking roller
carried upon the bracket arm n¹ placed in advance of the type 'dises a a. As the
discs a are raised ink is taken from the roller n but its bracket arm n being
pivotted allows the roller to be depressed out of the line of travel before the discs
touch the paper.
It will be evident that if each one-fourth of the circumference of
the type disc a, corresponding with one side of the square spindle b, is allotted to
characters or signs of a different character say (1) capital letters (2) small letters
(3) punctuation marks (4) figures, that according to the flat side of the disc
spindle acted upon by the pivotted finger i so will be either a capital or small
letter, a punctuation mark, or a figure, printed upon the paper. To enable one
particular letter, mark, or figure, of a section of type disc to be brought in contact
with the paper I form the faces 2 of the pivotted fingers i at various angles or
slopes, see particularly Figs. 3ª, 4*, & 5^, in such manner that as either is actuated
the spindle is carried at a different angle in the frame c, and consequently a
different portion of the section of the disc circumference, corresponding with the
key struck, is presented to the paper, and hence any desired or particular letter,
mark, or figure may be printed or impressed. To indicate which section of the
type disc is brought into position for printing I may have an index finger or crank o
affixed to end of the spindle which upon being turned into a position either
upwards, downwards, to the right, or to the left, will clearly indicate which side of
the square spindle is being operated upon; and to automatically lock or hold the
type disc in the required position for printing a desired character or sign I have
the arm p pivotted to a suitable portion of the rocking frame c and bearing upon
the upper side of the spindle b. A spring p' acting upon the arm p keeps same in
position and holds the disc firm during action. Keys and levers acting upon the
index finger or crank o may be employed if desired, but their application being
obvious it is not necessary here to illustrate same. When a key is released after
depression it is returned to its normal position by means of a spring q attached to
each of the levers e and the bar q' at back of machine.
The feed of the paper carrier is preferably effected by means of a coiled spring
carried in a box suitably situated upon the machine (see dotted lines marked r