Improvements in Gas Burners suitable for use in Incandescent Gas Lighting and for other purposes.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas Burners suitable for use in Incandescent Gas
Lighting and for other purposes.
I, JOHN DYMOND, of 112, High Street, Crediton, in the County of Devon,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
With the gas burners heretofore employed in incandescent gas lighting it has
been impossible to burn ordinary producer gas or water gas without being enriched
by admixture therewith of hydrocarbons, in such a way as to render the mantles
employed incandescent and therefore capable of giving an efficient light. Now
my invention has reference to a construction of gas burner whereby this dis-
advantage is obviated and the utilization of ordinary producer gas or water gas
rendered possible without the necessity of enriching the same with hydrocarbons.
In a burner for this purpose I have found that in order to obtain satisfactory
results it is necessary that the producer gas shall issue from a small nozzle into
a vertical pipe and provided with an air inlet or inlets arranged above the nozzle
and below the outlet end of the pipe which should be placed at a determined ‹lis-
tance above the free end of the gas exit nozzle. Also that the air way through
the bottom of the burner gallery that communicates with the bottom of the chimney.
should be constructed so that the amount of air capable of passing therethrough
should be less than is the case in the ordinary incandescent burners commonly
used. According to one construction, the burner comprises a tube adapted at its
lower end to be attached to a gas supply pipe and provided internally with a central
gas exit nozzle. A short distance above the tube and in line therewith is suitably.
supported, as by three wings, a second or mixing tube in such a manner as to leave
an air way between the two tubes.
The lower end of the second or upper tube is made of flaring or bell-mouth shape
and is arranged above and around the air way but without interfering with the free
passage of air therethrough.
The upper end of the tube is provided with a cap or enlarged chamber that may
be of ordinary form and is or may be provided with a piece of wire gauze and with
a holder for carrying the rod or stem that carries the mantle in the ordinary way.
Around the upper or mixing tube is secured a gallery the bottom of which is pro-
vided with a perforated plate.
I have obtained satisfactory results with a burner having approximately the
following dimensions, viz.: a gas exit nozzle of 3/16" diameter arranged centrally
within and 3/4" below the top of a pipe of 9/16" diameter; a second or mixing
pipe of 5/8" diameter, arranged with its lower and upper ends 1" and 3 1/4"
respectively above the top of the nozzle; and a gallery the bottom of which is 2 1/8"
diameter and formed with 25 apertures each 7/64" diameter. It is to be understood
that the foregoing dimensions are given merely by way of example and that I do
not limit myself to them.

page_text: Burners constructed in accordance with my invention may be used for purposes
other than lighting. Thus they may be used for heating the ignition tubes used
in gas and like engines.
Improvements in Gas Burners suitable for use in Incandescent Gas
Lighting and for other purposes.
I, JOIN DYMOND, of 112, High Street, Crediton, in the County of Devon,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement;.
to render the mantles
With the gas burners heretofore employed in incandescent gas lighting it has
been impossible to burn ordinary producer, gas or water gas, without
being enriched. by hydrocarbons, in such a way as
employed incandescent and therefore capable of giving an efficient light. Now
my invention has reference to a construction of gas burner whereby this dis-
advantage is obviated and the utilization of ordinary producer gas or water gas
rendered possible without the necessity of enriching the same with hydrocarbons.
In a burner for this purpose I have found that in order to obtain satisfactory
results it is necessary that the producer gas shall issue from a small nozzle into
a vertical tube provided with an air inlet or inlets arranged above the nozzle
and below the outlet end of the tube which should be placed at a suitable. distance
above the free end of the gas exit nozzle. Also that it is advantageous in cases
where the burner is subject to draughts, that the air way through the bottom of
the burner gallery which communicates with the bottom of the chimney should
be so constructed that the amount of air capable of passing therethrough should
be less than is the case in the ordinary incandescent burners commonly used.
Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying illustrative drawings show respectively in
vertical section and plan, one construction of burner suitable for burning pro-
ducer or water gas according to this invention.
.
In this construction, the burner comprises a tube 1 adapted at its lower end to
be attached to a gas supply pipe 2 and provided internally with a central gas exit
nozzle 3 in the form of a pipe. A short distance above the tube 1 and in line
therewith is suitably supported, as by three wings 4, a second or mixing tube 5
in such a manner as to leave an air way 6 between the two tubes which together
form practically one tube which has the air inlet 6 above the gas exit nozzle 3
and below the top or outlet end of the tube. The lower end of the second or upper
tube 5 is provided with a flaring or bell-mouthed shaped part 5ª arranged above and
around the air way 6 but without interfering with the free passage of air there-
through. The upper end of the tube 5 is provided with a cap or enlarged chamber 7
that may be of ordinary form, as shown, and is or may be provided with a piece
of wire gauze 8 and with a holder 9 for carrying the rod or stem that carries, in
the ordinary way the mantle A that is to be rendered incandescent. Around the
upper or mixing tube 5 is secured a gallery 10 the bottom of which is provided with
a perforated plate 11.

page_text: For burning producer gas for incandescent lighting, I have obtained satisfactory
esults with a burner of the construction described having approximately the
ollowing dimensions, viz. a gas exit nozzle 3 of 3/16th of an inch in diameter
rranged centrally within and 3/4 of an inch below the top of a tube 1 of 9/16 of
an inch diameter; a second or mixing tube 5 of 5/8 of an inch diameter arranged
with its lower and upper ends 5b and 5°, 1 inch and 3 inches respectively above
the top of the nozzle 3; and a gallery 10 the bottom of which is 2 1/8 inches in
liameter and formed with 25 apertures each 7/64 of an inch in diameter. It is to
be understood that the foregoing dimensions are given merely by way of example
and that I do not limit myself to them. Thus, I have found that the air way 6
instead of being about 1/4 of an inch deep, as is the case in a burner having the
above dimensions, may advantageously be made deeper say about an inch in
depth as shown.
I have discovered that a reason why the Bunsen gas burners heretofore usually
employed cannot be successfully used for burning ordinary producer or water gas
in connection with mantles or the like of refractory material for incandescent gas
lighting, is due to the fact that the cross sectional area of the gas exit nozzle or
orifice has been too small, that the air inlet openings of such burners have been
too small relatively to the size of the gas exit orifice to admit a sufficient quantity
of air to effect proper combustion of the gas supplied to the mixing tube of the
burner, and that the air inlets have been below the gas outlet. In burners accord-
ing to my invention this difficulty is overcome by making the gas exit orifice or
nozzle larger, and by arranging the air inlet 6, (or inlets) above the gas exit orificce
or nozzle and making it or them of such a size relatively to the size of the gas exit
orifice or nozzle that twice as much air or more is admitted to the mixing tube
than is the case with the gas burners heretofore usually employed, so as to ensure
complete combustion of the gas. The air inlet or inlets may be variously con-
structed so long as it or they admits or admit a sufficient quantity of air to ensure
perfect combustion of the producer or water gas supplied to and mixed. with it.
Thus an annular series of air inlet holes may be used instead of a single uninter-
rupted annular air way 6 as shown in Fig. 1, but I prefer the latter construction.
The small gas exit orifice may also be variously constructed. Although I prefer to
contract the air way through the bottom of the gallery leading to the base of the
chimney, I find this is not of great importance in places where the burner is not
exposed to undue draught.
Fig. 3 shows in vertical section, a modified form of burner in which the lower
pipe 1 and the upper pipe 5 are fixed at a distance apart to form an air-way 6 of
about an inch in depth between their adjacent ends. The lower end of the
pipe 5 is provided with a shield or hood 12 to act as an air retaining chamber and
to prevent access of draught to the combined tubes 1 and 5, and the upper end of
the tube 1 is provided with an inner shield 13 which is arranged within the shield
or hood 12 and is provided with a series of air inlet holes 14 through which air
As will
passes to the air way 6 between the pipes 1 and 5 as indicated by arrows.
be seen, the arrangement is such that the two shields 12 and 13 will act as a baffling
5 device to ensure a steady flow of air to the burner, and also, after the burner has
been in use for a short time, as a heating device to heat the air on its way to the
air-way 6, whereby a better light is obtained. The gas exit orifice 3ª in the tube 1
is shown as formed in a plate supported by a short piece of tubing fixed in the
tube 1 but any suitable form of gas exit orifice or nozzle may be used.
30
Fig. 4 shows in vertical section another construction somewhat resembling that
shown in Fig. 3 but in which the shields 12 and 13 are made of larger size, the
upper end of the tube 1 is enlarged at 1, and the lower end of the tube 5 is pro-
vided with a flaring part 5 upon which the air entering through the holes 14 will
impinge and so prevent undue heating of the lower part of the said tube.
55 the upper tube is shown as made in two parts 5, 5d of which 5d is carried by the
gallery 10 and adjacent parts and slips over the other part 5 so as to rest upon the
shield 12. By forming the parts of larger dimensions, as shown in this example,
Also

page_text: an increased supply of air can be admitted to the burner. The gas exit orifice 3*
is shown as a hole in a plate 3b at the bottom of the enlarged part 1 of the tube 1,
but other forms of gas exit may be used if desired.
Fig. 5 shows another modified construction of burner, and Fig. 6 is a detail view
thereof. In this example, the upper tube is made, as in Fig. 4, in two parts 5, 5d
the lower of which viz. 5 has an enlarged lower end 5* secured upon the tube 1
which may be the ordinary gas supply pipe and the upper end of which is recessed
to carry a disc 3º formed with a small central gas exit orifice 3ª (see Fig. 6). At
a suitable distance above the gas exit orifice 3, the enlarged lower end 5 of the
tube 5 is formed with perforations 6* the size and number of which are such as will
admit the required quantity of air to ensure efficient combustion of the gas issuing
through the orifice 3" below and are surrounded by concentrically arranged tubular
shields 12 and 13 which cause air to enter the burner. in the direction indicated
by the arrows. The part 5 of the tube 5, 5" is carried by the gallery and slips over
the part 5 so as to be carried by the shield 12.
I prefer to construct larger sizes of gas burner as shown in vertical section in
Fig. 7. In this case the lower part 5 of the upper tube 5, 5d is enlarged and
secured as by screwing, to the lower tube 1 and is formed with a number of air
inlet holes (which may advantageously be surrounded by a flaring part such as 5"
in Fig. 1, or by concentric shields 12 and 13 as shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. The
tube 1 is provided with a gas exit orifice which may be of either of the kinds
herein before described, or may be formed by the gas way in a cock with which the
tube is or may be provided.
Burners constructed in accordance with my invention may be used for purposes
other than lighting. Thus they may be used for heating the ignition tubes used
in gas and like engines, or for heating, cooking, and brazing operations. The
burner shown in Fig. 7 is well adapted for these purposes.
Burners according to this invention enable a light of great luminosity to be
produced from ordinary producer gas or water gas which can be obtained at a
very low cost compared with ordinary coal gas and which, as is well known,
ordinarily burns with a blue flame and little or no luminosity. My improved
burners can also of course be used with advantage for burning ordinary coal gas
but in this case the cross sectional area of the gas exit orifice or nozzle 3 should
be reduced. Thus in an incandescent gas burner of the size now commonly used,
a single central orifice of about 3/64 of an inch in diameter may be used. Although
I have in order to explain the best way known to me of carrying out my invention
shown my improved gas burners provided with concentrically arranged shields 12
and 13 adapted to act as an air baffling, retaining and heating device, it is to be
understood that I do not separately claim such a device as forming part of my
present invention as I intend to obtain separate Letters Patent in respect thereof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. A gas burner so constructed that ordinary producer or water gas can, with-
out enrichment with hydrocarbons, be burnt in connection with a mantle or its
equivalent for incandescence gas lighting as set forth.
2. A burner adapted to burn ordinary producer gas or water gas for incan-
descent gas lighting, comprising a vertical tube into the lower part of which the
gas to be burnt is admitted through a small orifice or nozzle and is mixed with
air which enters the tube through an opening or openings of suitable area and dis-
posed at a suitable distance above the gas inlet, substantially as herein described
for the purpose specified.
3. In a gas burner suitable for incandescent gas lighting and other purposes
as set forth, a vertical tube made in parts arranged one above the other with an
air way between their adjacent ends, and a gas exit nozzle or orifice arranged to
admit gas to the lower part of the tube at a point below the said air-way, sub-

page_text: stantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings annexed,
whether or not a shield or cover be arranged above and around the said air-way as
set forth.
4. Gas burners constructed arranged and operating as herein before described
with reference respectively to and shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and in Fig. 7 of the
drawing annexed for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 27th day of June 1898.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.