IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BORING AND WINDING FOR MINING PURPOSES."
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hunter, of Coltness Iron Works, Cambusne-
than, in the County of Lancaster, North Britain, Ironmaster, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BORING AND
WINDING FOR MINING PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hunter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
August 1860.
I, JAMES HUNTER, of Coltness Iron Works, Cambusnethan, in the County
of Lanark, North Britaiu, Ironmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BORING AND
WINDING FOR MINING PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
These improvements relate to the arrangementand construction of machinery
or apparatus for effecting the boring operations required in mining by means
of steam power in lieu of manual labour.
Under one n.odification thearrangement consists ofa portable orlocomotive
engine constructed with double cylinders, arranged on the upper part of the
engine, the piston rods of which-are-connected-to and give motion to a hori-

page_text: zontal crank shaft, the bearings of which are carried in brackets fixed to a
convenient part of the engine or its framing. This shaft bas keyed to it a
pinion, which gears with a spur wheel carried upon a horizontal shaft, having
its bearings arranged on a separate frame contiguous to the engine. The spur
wheel shaft has upon it a cam or series of cams arranged parallel to each other
and fitted so as to be readily moved to and fro on the shaft. Immediately in
front of this arrangement is the framing which supports the lever for imparting
the vertical percussive motion to the boring rods. The backwood end of this
lever extends within reach of the cam, so that when motion is communicated
thereto from the engine, the end of the lever is depressed each time the cam
comes round, and a corresponding rise and fall is imparted to the boring tool.
Where a differential.cam is used, the height to which: the boring rods are
raised is regulated by moving the cam along the shaft, so as to bring a longer
or shorter projecting part opposite the end of the actuating lever. In addition
to this adjustment there is fitted to the lifting lever of the boring rods a box,
capable of adjustment along the backward portion of the lever. A weight is
placed in the box, so that. by adjusting its position on the lever nearer to or
away from the fulcrum, the force of the blow may be regulated to a nicety.
The rotatory.motion which is required to be imparted to the boring tool is given
by hand.
Under another modification, the crank shaft of the engine has upon its
laterally projecting extremity a cam, which gives motion to a compound lever
arrangement for giving the percussive movement to the boring rods. Thecam
depresses a lever, the free end of which is linked to the backward extremity of
the lever to which the boring rods are slung. These levers are so arranged
that the rise and fall of the front end of the lever is multiplied in any desired
proportion. The backward end of the actuating lever is screwed, and it works
through an internal screw to which the upper extremity of the link-that con-
nects the two levers is attached. A winch handle is fitted on the extremity of
the screwed lever,so that by turning this handle, the acting portion of the lever
may be lengthened or shortened without stopping the motion of the engine.
For the convenience of raising or lowering the boring rods,a winding barrel is
fitted loosely on the crank shaft; the barrel is caused to rotate with the shaft
by means of a coupling, which slides to and fro on a feather formed on the
shaft. With these arrangements the operation of boring, is effected. in a
very rapid and economical manner as compared with the ordinary mode by
hand labor

page_text: SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said James Hunter in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st February 1801.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HUNTER, of Coltness Iron Works; Cambusnethan, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Ironmaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty,in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Hunter, Her special license that I, the said James Hunter, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Hunter, any executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BORING AND WINDING FOR MINING PURPOSES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Hunter by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
on or before the 21st day of February 1861, and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
:
--
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Hunter, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is- to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by tlie following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:―
Mysaid Invention relates to the arrangement and construction ofmachinery
or apparatus for effecting the boring operations required in mining by means
of steam power in lieu of manual labour.
Underone modification the arrangement consists of a portableor locomotive
engine constructed with double cylinders arranged on the upper part of the
engine, the piston rods of which are connected to and give motion to a hori-
zontal crank shaft, the bearings of which are carried in brackets fixed to a
convenient part of the engine or its framing. This shaft has keyed to it

page_text: a pinion which gears with a spur wheel carried upon a horizontal shaft having
its bearings arranged on a separate frame contiguous to the engine. The spur
wheel shaft has upon it a cam or series of cams arranged parallel to each
other and fitted so as to be readily moved to and fro on the shaft. Imme-
diately in front of this, arrangement is the framing which supports the lever
for imparting the vertical percussive motion to the boring rods. The backward
end of this lever extends within reach of the cam so that when motion iş
communicated thereto from the engine the end of the lever is depressed each
time the cam comes round and a corresponding rise and fall is imparted to
the boring.tool. Where a different cam is used the height to which the
boring rods are raised is regulated by moving the cam along the shaft so as
to bring a longer or shorter projecting part opposite the end of the actuating
lever. In addition to this adjustment there is fitted to the lifting lever
of the boring rods a box capable of adjustment along the backward portion
of the lever.. A weight is placed in the box so that by adjusting its position
on the lever nearer to or away from the fulcrum, the force of the blow
may be regulated to a nicety. The rotatory notion which is required to be
imparted to the boring tool is given by hand.
Under. another modification the crank shaft of the engine has upon its
laterally projecting extremity a cam which gives motion to a compound lever
arrangement for giving the percussive movement to the boring rods. Thecam
depresses a lever, the free end of which is linked to the backward extremity of
the lever to which the boring rods are slung. These levers are so arranged that
the rise and fall of the front end of the lever-is multiplied in any desired pro-
portion. The backward end of the actuating lever is screwed, and it works
through an internal screw to which the upper extremity of the link that con-
nects, the two levers is attached. A winch handle is fitted on the extremity of
the screwed lever, so that by turning this handle the acting portion of the lever
may be lengthened or shortened without stopping the motion of the engine.
For the convenience of raising or lowering the boring rods a winding barrel is
fitted loosely on the, crank shaft; the barrel is caused to rotate with the shaft
by means of a coupling which slides to and fro on a feather formed on the
shaft. With these arrangements the operation of boring is effected in a very
rapid and economical manner; as compared with the ordinary mode by hand
labour.
And in order that my said Invention of "Improvements in Machinery or
Apparatus for Boring and Winding for Mining Purposes" may be properly
understood, I shall now proceed to describe the several Figures on the ex-
4.11

page_text: planatory Sheet of Drawings which I have hereunto appended for the
purpose of showing certain modifications under which my improvements.
may be judiciously carried out in practice, that is to say:-
Figure 1 on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings represents an elevation
of one arrangement of the machinery or apparatus for boring and winding;
Figure 2 represents a plan of the principal portion of the apparatus, the
lever which is connected to the boring rods being broken off to save space..
According to this modification of the improvements the boring and winding
apparatus is actuated by means of a portable engine, which is mounted upon
wheels A, and is moved from place to place by attaching horses to it. The
furnace and boiler B are arranged upon the wheels A, and in the smoke-box
Care arranged the cylinders D, the piston rods working out through stuffing
boxes in the end covers. The ends of the piston rods are connected to guide
blocks, which work to and fro in the guides E. To the cross heads-of the
guide blocks are fitted the brasses of the connecting rods F,which arcattached
in the usual way to the crank shaft G, which carries the eccentrics: for
actuating the slide valves, either direct or through the application of the "link.
motion," which admits of the engines working either way in drawing and.
lowering the rods or pump. The crank shaft G which is carried in pedestal.
bearings on the circumference of the boiler B has fitted to each extremity.a.
fly wheel H, and immediately inside, each wheel a pulley I, round which the.
endless belt J passes. These belts are carried round and give motion to the
wheels K on the shaft L. This shaft is carried in bearings which
are arranged
in bearings projecting from the front part of the engine.. In the centre of the.
shaft Lis fitted a snail M, the rotatory motion of which imparts a reciprocatory.
movement to the levers N. These levers are arranged parallel to one another.
and practically form one; they are centred upon a stud which is carried in.
brackets pendent from the under part of the boiler, and between the levers is,
fitted an autifriction roller with which the snail M comes in. contact.as.it.
rotates. The free ends, of the levers N.are connected by a pin to the lower
end of the adjustable link O, the levers having holes made in them to admit
of the levers being shortened by connecting-the levers to the inner holes. "The
upper end of the link O is connected to the screw P, which works through. a
nut in the end of the lever Q, and is actuated by the hand wheel. R., by means
of which the link may be moved to and fro in the slot of the lever Q; this lever
bas formed in it a series of holes S,, through one of which is passed a shaft T,
which is carried in bearings arranged on the framing. U. The holes S
afford the means of shifting the centre of the, lever Q, and so. increasing

page_text: or decreasing the longer or working portion of it. The end of the lever Q
carries a look, to which is slung the cross handle V carrying the boring rods
W and boring tool. The lever Q also carries a box or other suitable recep-
tacle X for holding a weight to counterbalance the weight of the boring rods
W. The box X is adjustable along the lever Q, so that its position on the
lever may more or less assist the rise of the boring rods. When the engine is
put in motion the rotatory action of the snail M causes the levers N to reci-
procate in a vertical plane, and this motion is imparted to the lever Q, aud
through it in an increased degree consequent upon the compound arrange-
ment of the levers to the lever Q. The shortening or lengthening of the levers
N or Q, admitting of a considerable range of motion being imparted to the
end of the lever Q and through it to the boring reds. In this manner an
extremely gentle rise and fall may be given to the boring rods, and this may
be increased to any practicable extent. On the shaft Lare carried loosely two
winding barrels or drums Y, either of which may be caused to rotate with the
shaft at pleasure by means of a coupling, which is actuated by the hand lever
Z. Upon these drums Y are wound the ropes a and b; the rope or chain a
serves to raise the boring rods W, and the rope 6 serves for lowering and
raising the pump. The ropes or chains à and bare carried over the pulley c
and d, which are supported by the ordinary tripod frame erected over the
boring. By means of the hand levers Z, either of the winding barrels or drums
Y may
be brought into use, and the lever Q may be meanwhile thrown out of
use, either by detaching it from the levers N, or by causing the box or coun-
terweight X to preponderate, and so depress the backward end of the lever Q.
To prevent the levers.N from rising too high the bufferf is fitted at the fore
end of the levers; this arrangement consists of two stakes or pillars driven
into the ground; these stakes are connected by a cross bar, on the under side
of which in a line with the levers N is fixed an elastic buffer. This buffer is
composed of sheets or layers of vulcanised india-rubber or other suitable elastic
material secured to the bar by means of bolts and nuts, or other convenient
means of attachment. The height to which the levers N are allowed to
rise is regulated by driving the stakes of the buffer more or less into the
ground. These improved mechanical arrangements serve to greatly
facilitate the mining operations of boring and winding as well as
economise time and manual labour..
Having now described. and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect; I would. observe, in- conclusion, that what I consider

page_text: novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the system or mode of
arranging and constructing boring and winding apparatus, in which the
boring rods are actuated by means of compound adjustable levers, as
herein-before described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hunter, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-one.
JAMES HUNTER. (L.S.)