Improvements in Bottles for Containing Waters and other Liquids to be Aerated therein.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Apr., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 21st Dec., 1897-Accepted, 12th Feb., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bottles for Containing Waters and other Liquids to
be Aerated therein.
1
We, KENNETH SUTHERLAND MURRAY, of 10, Chelsea Gardens, in the County of
London, Engineer, and ALBERT JOHNSTONE CAMPBELL, of Broad Street Avenue,
in the City of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to provide within a vessel employed for the
aeration of water, or other liquids, by carbonic acid, or other gases, means by which
air is trapped whilst the vessel is being filled with liquid, so that when the vessel
is charged to the point of overflowing with the liquid a known quantity of air is
automatically retained within it.
When the vessel is subsequently stopped or closed the air thus retained forms a
cushion by means of which when liquid carbonic acid, or high pressure gases, of
known pressure and volume are suddenly discharged on the surface of the liquid
this latter inelastic fluid can be displaced by the compression of the entrapped air,
or elastic fluid, so as to ensure that the pressure within the vessel can never exceed
a safe and known limit.
The air may be entrapped in various ways, and we do not limit ourselves to
particular ways of effecting this, neither do we restrict ourselves to any particular
form of vessel, nor to the material of which the vessel may be constructed.
As illustrating one method of carrying our invention into effect we will suppose
it is desired in the case of a vessel of the same shape and capacity as an ordinary
soda water bottle to ensure that a volume of air equal at atmospheric pressure to
about one sixth of the whole capacity is trapped whilst the bottle is being charged
with water or other liquid. Before the manufacture of the bottle is completed
we insert a light cylindrical chamber closed at the top (or neck) end of the bottle
and open, but preferably contracted, at the bottom. This chamber is made about
one sixth of the total capacity of the bottle and is placed concentrically, as regards
the sides, and about midway between its ends.
This chamber can be readily fixed in position by forming one or more webs upon
it which can be soldered or otherwise attached to the sides of the bottle, thus giving
a free passage for the liquid and gas all round it, or it may be removeably held in
position by friction within a ring or other fitting fixed within the bottle. This
inner chambe: may be of much lighter construction than the bottle itself as it
is always in a state of equilibrium in relation to the pressure within the bottle.
It is obvious that the inner chamber need not be separately constructed but may
be moulded or cast in any suitable form within the bottle according to the nature
of the material employed.
When the bottle is charged with liquid it will be seen that the moment the
level reaches the bottom or open end of the inner chamber, it seals the air within,
and cannot rise above a certain level therein, so that when the bottle is charged

page_text: with liquid to overflowing a quantity of air is retained in this chamber equal at
atmospheric pressure to about one sixth of the total capacity of the bottle.
When high pressures are subsequently applied on the surface of the liquid, in
the manner already indicated, the liquid is displaced and forced against the air into
the inner chamber until the pressures are equalised.
In vessels such as the bottle described it is desirable to get this compressed air
together with the other unabsorbed gases to the surface of the liquid, otherwise
when the pressure is released the rapid re-expansion of the air, and other gases,
is liable to cause some portion of the liquid to be suddenly and forcibly discharged
through the orifice of the bottle. To obviate this the bottle before it is opened must
be inverted so that all gas, including the air in the inner chamber, rises to the
surface of the liquid at the bottom end.
The position and form of the orifice of the inner chamber must be such that once
the air is replaced with liquid the latter is maintained in the chamber and around
its orifice in any position of the bottle, so that when the latter is again reversed all
air (and other gas) rises to the surface at the top end ready to be first discharged
when the pressure is released.
For this reason although the form and position of the inner chamber itself is
comparatively unimportant we attach some value (in vessels of this type more
particularly) to the position, form and size of its orifice.
As another illustration we would mention the employment of a tube open at
both ends and fixed or fitted hermetically within the lower end of the bottle neck,
thus forming an annular air trapping chamber around the same.
Dated th: 19th day of innil 1907
HARRIS & MILLS,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Bottles for Containing Waters and other Liquids to
be Aerated therein.
We, KENNETH SUTHERLAND MURRAY, of 10, Chelsea Gardens, in the County of
London, Engineer, and ALBERT JOHNSTONE CAMPBELL, of Broad Street Avenue,
in the City of London, Engineer,
This invention has for its object to provide within a vessel employed for the
aeration of water or other liquids by carbonic acid or other gases, means by which
air is trapped whilst the vessel is being filled with liquid, so that when the vessel
is charged to the point of overflowing with the liquid, a known quantity of air is
automatically retained within it. Thus, when the vessel is subsequently stopped or
closed, the air thus retained forms a cushion by means of which, when liquid
carbonic acid or high pressure gases of known pressure and volume are suddenly
discharged on the surface of the liquid, this latter inelastic fluid can be displaced
by the compression of the entrapped air or elastic fluid, so as to ensure that the
pressure within the vessel can never exceed a safe and known limit.
The air may be entrapped in various ways and we do not limit ourselves to
particular ways of effecting this, neither do we restrict ourselves to any particular
form of vessel, nor to the material of which the vessel may be constructed.
Our invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:-
Figs. 1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8 represent respectively in vertical and horizontal sections,
various modes of applying our invention to metal bottles, and
Figs. 9, 10 are respectively a vertical section and a horizontal section showing
one method of applying our invention to a glass or earthenware bottle.

page_text: In carrying our invention into effect we have supposed that in a vessel of similar
shape and capacity to that of an ordinary soda-water bottle, it is desired to ensure
that a volume of air, equal at atmospheric pressure to about one sixth of the whole
capacity, be trapped whilst the bottle is being charged with water or other fluid.
Before the manufacture of the bottle is completed we insert a light cylindrical or
other shaped chamber, closed at the top or neck end of the bottle and open at the
bottom.
This chamber is made about one sixth of the total capacity of the bottle and, in
some cases, is placed concentrically as regards the sides and about midway between
its ends.
In the several arrangements or modifications shown, A¹ is the body of the bottle
and A the air entrapping chamber.
The bottle shown at Figs. 1 and 2, which is represented as made of thin metal,
has a central air entrapping chamber A2 formed in the interior of a cylinder A³,
which is closed at its upper end and fixed in position by means of webs A* soldered
or otherwise fixed thereto and to the body A¹ of the bottle, thus giving a free
passage for the liquid and gas all round it. The bottle and air chamber may also
conveniently be cast in iron or other metal in this form.
In the bottle shown at Figs. 3 and 4 the cylinder A3, closed at its upper end, is
held in position by means of wires A soldered or otherwise fixed thereto and screwed
or otherwise fixed in the internally screwed metal mouth or neck A of the bottle.
This is a convenient form for the air chamber in a solid drawn metal bottle.
In the bottle shown at Figs. 5 and 6 the air entrapping chamber A² is formed
between the cylinder A3 and the body A¹ of the bottle, and said cylinder is secured
in position by an annular metal connection A6, which also serves to close the upper
end of the air entrapping chamber A². In this construction the bottle is emptied
through a spout A7 connected with a pipe A8 descending to near the bottom of the
bottle and provided with a valve operated by a lever Aº, as is well understood in
connection with syphon bottles.
In the bottle shown at Figs. 7 and 8, the chamber A2 is formed by means of a
diaphragm A10 soldered or otherwise fixed to the body A' of the bottle. This form
of bottle may also, as shown, be provided with a spout A and tube A8 by which it
can be emptied, or it can be emptied by the neck.
In the bottle represented at Figs. 9 and 10, the air-entrapping chamber A² is
formed and supported in a similar manner to that shown at Figs. 3 and 4.
In the bottles represented at Figs. 1 to 8, the metal neck A is screwed, soldered
or brazed within the upper end or shoulder of the bottle-body, whilst in that
shown at Figs. 9 and 10 the metal neck A* is formed with an annular recess to
receive the upper end of the bottle body A', which is of earthenware or glass and is
secured to the latter by suitable cement. The neck is further held in position by
the wiring of the bottle as shown.
It is preferred to form the cylinder A³ in the arrangements shown at
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, with a contracted lower end as shown.
The sides of the air-entrapping chamber A2 may be of much lighter construction
than the bottle itself as it is in a state of equilibrium in relation to the pressure
within the bottle.
It is obvious that the air-entrapping chamber may be differently formed from
that herein before shown and described; for instance, it may be moulded or cast in
any suitable form within the bottle, according to the nature of the material
employed.
When a bottle provided with an air-entrapping chamber A² as herein described is
charged with liquid, it will be seen that the moment the level reaches the bottom
or open end of said chamber, it seals the air therein contained and cannot rise above
a certain level therein, so that when the bottle is charged with liquid to overflowing,
a quantity of air is retained in this chamber which may be equal at atmospheric
pressure to about one sixth of the total capacity of the bottle. When high pressures
are subsequently applied on the surface of the liquid in the manner already

page_text: indicated, the liquid is displaced and forced against the air into the inner chamber
until the pressures are equalized.
In vessels such as those herein described it is desirable to get this compressed air,
together with the other unabsorbed gases, to the surface of the liquid, otherwise,
when the pressure is released, the rapid re-expansion of the air and other gases is
liable to cause some portion of the liquid to be suddenly and forcibly discharged
through the orifice of the bottle. To obviate this the bottle, before it is opened,
must be inverted, so that all gas, including the air in the air-entrapping chamber,
rises to the surface of the liquid at the bottom end.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven- 1
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
-
In bottles for containing waters and other liquids to be aerated therein, the com-
bination with the bottle, of an internal air-entrapping chamber, substantially as
herein set forth and for the purpose stated.
HARRIS & MILLS,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.
HARRIS & MILLS,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.