AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING OR WARMING BUILDINGS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Justinian Newcome, of Shenley, near Barnet,
in the County of Herts, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR HEATING OR WARMING BUILDINGS."
Sealed the 27th January 1860, and dated the 30th July 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Justinian Newcome
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
30th July 1859.
I, HENRY JUSTINIAN NEWCOME, of Shenley, near Barnet, in the County of
Herts, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS
FOR HEATING OR WARMING BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for the purpose of heating or warming buildings
more uniformly, speedily, at considerably less cost, and with greater security
against accident than by the means heretofore commonly employed for such
purpose. The improved apparatus constituting this Invention is composed of
the following principal parts:-1st, an oven or furnace, the door or doors of
which are (but not necessarily) in the external wall of the building which it is
desired to warm. The bottom of this oven or furnace is provided with grate
bars about four feet long, and the remainder of the bottom is formed closed
with bricks or tiles if desirable. The whole of this oven or furnace may be
made in one long box of cast or wrought iron, and lined where exposed to the

page_text: fire with fire brick or tiles. The top of the said oven or furnace is made of
a plate of cast or wrought iron, covered with sand, and having two or more
openings in the top or sides thereof for the passage of heat into and through
pipes arranged and combined together in tiers, as follows, that is to say,
immediately above the floor of the building and parallel with the wall thereof
it is proposed to place one above the other a series of thin metal pipes of
suitable length and diameter. These pipes are connected together by their
ends being secured to thin metal boxes in such manner as to admit of the heat
from the furnace circulating freely through them, said ends being made
removable for the purpose of cleansing said pipes, when necessary. The box
of the lowermost pipe is connected by an elbow pipe to the top of the afore-
said furnace, and the uppermost pipe terminates in an ordinary chimney. The
second or third pipe from the floor is fitted with a damper for regulating the
intensity of the heat. A second, third, or fourth tier of pipes, arranged as
above described, may be connected with the furnace and brought into action
by withdrawing the respective dampers thereof. It is proposed to connect the
front end of the furnace with the chimney by a flue and damper, so that when
all the dampers are closed and that in the chimney is opened, the apparatus
ceases to act, notwithstanding the fire in the furnace continues to burn.
That portion of the apparatus situated above the floor of the building may, if
it is desired, be concealed by a perforated screen, tracery, or trelliswork of
any ornamental device or pattern.
By the foregoing improved apparatus a very small quantity of fuel suffices
to maintain the desired heat, and by thus exposing a large amount of heating
surface the atmosphere in the building is uniformly heated, and such heat
diffused throughout, instead of one part thereof being unbearably hot and
another part comparatively cold, as is frequently the case at present.
An apparatus on the above principle may be added to any stove now in
use, thereby exposing a large amount of heated metal surface in the building,
instead of allowing the heat to escape into the air or chimney. It consists of
two or more sets of pipes terminating in one box, which is divided into
partitions in the interior, which partitions extend the whole depth of the box,
and are closed and effectually separated from each other, except when desired,
by the moveable cover at each end, and by a damper in the box being drawn
is brought into immediate action, the same movement closing by a connecting
rod and damper the flue leading direct from the stove into the chimney. The
stove becomes by this apparatus of double or treble heating power.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Justinian Newcome in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th January 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
JUSTINIAN NEWCOME, of Shenley, in the County of Herts, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her reign.
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Henry Justinian Newcome, Her special licence that I, the said Henry
Justinian Newcome, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Henry Justinian Newcome, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING OR WARMING BUILDINGS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Justinian Newcome, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Justinian Newcome, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention is designed for the purpose of heating or warming buildings
more uniformly, speedily, at considerably less cost, and with greater security
against accident than by the means heretofore commonly employed for such
purpose: In order to explain this Invention as completely as possible, I now
proceed to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same
into practical effect, reference being had to the illustrative Sheet of Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the nuneral figures and letters of reference marked
thereon respectively, as follows:-

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 exhibits a top plan view of one form of construction and arrange-
ment of my improved apparatus; Figure 2 is a longitudinal and vertical
section taken through the line A, B, at Figure 1; Figure 3, a transverse and
vertical section through the lino C, D, at Figure 2; Figures 4 and 5 are
detached parts herein-after particularly described and referred to. At each
of the foregoing figures I employ similar letters of reference to denote corre-
sponding parts, in so far as such parts appear or can be seen at each of such
said Figures respectively.
The improved apparatus constituting this Invention is composed of the
following principal parts:-1st, an oven or furnace A, the door or doors B,
of which are (but not necessarily) in the external wall C of the building
which it is desired to warm. The bottom of this oven or furnace is provided
with grate bars a, about four feet long, and the remainder of the bottom is
formed closed with bricks or tiles. If desirable the whole of this oven or
furnace may be made in one long box of cast or wrought iron, and lined
where exposed to the action of the fire with fire bricks or tiles. The top of
said oven or furnace is made of a plate of either cast or wrought iron
covered with sand, and having two or more openings in the top or sides
thereof for the passage of heat into and through pipes arranged and combined
together in tiers, as follows, that is to say, immediately above the floor E of
the building and parallel with the wall thereof, it is proposed to place one
above the other a series of thin metal pipes G, G, G', of suitable length and
diameter. These pipes are connected together by their ends being secured to
thin metal boxes II, in such manner as to admit of the heat from the furnace A
circulating freely through them; the ends of the boxes are made removable
for the purpose of cleansing the pipes when necessary. The ends of the
pipes may be connected to the boxes II by rings of vulcanized india-rubber as
at Figure 4, where the heat would not destroy the india-rubber. Where the
heat is very great cement may be used. The boxes may be kept tight against
the ends of the pipes by tension reds as at Figure 1, or by other convenient
and suitable means. The box of the lowermost pipe is connected by an elbow
pipe I to the top of the aforesaid furnace, and the uppermost pipe C,
terminates in an ordinary chimney K. The second or third pipe from the
floor is fitted with a damper L, for regulating the intensity of the heat. A
second, third, or fourth tier of pipes arranged as above described may be con
nected with the furnace and brought into action by withdrawing the respective
dampers thereof. It is proposed to connect the front end of the furnace with

page_text: the chimney by a flue M and damper N, so that when all the dampers are
closed and that in the chimney is opened the apparatus ceases to act, not-
withstanding the fire in the furnace continues to burn. That portion of the
apparatus situated above the floor of the building may, if it is desired, be
concealed by a perforated screen, tracery, or trelliswork, of any ornamental
device or pattern, or the said pipes may be enclosed in an ornamental case
made of sheet metal or other material which is a good conductor of heat;
and the top of said case may be formed dished, and water placed therein to
moisten the atmosphere.
By the foregoing improved apparatus a very small quantity of fuel suffices
to maintain the desired heat, and by thus exposing a large amount of heating
surface the atmosphere in the building is uniformly heated, and such heat
diffused throughout the same instead of one part of the building being
unbearably hot and another part comparatively cold, as is frequently the case
at present.
An apparatus constructed on the above principle may be added to any stove or
open fire-place now in use, thereby exposing a large amount of heating surface
in the building, instead of allowing the heat to escape into the air or chimney.
It consists of two or more sets of pipes terminating in one box, which is
divided into compartments by partitions in the interior thereof, which said
partitions extend across the whole depth of the box, and are closed and effec-
tually separated from each other (except when desired) by the moveable
cover at each end; and by a damper in the upper part of the box being drawn
the apparatus is brought into immediate action, the same movement closing
by a connecting rod and damper not shewn, the flue leading direct from the
stove into the chimney. The stove becomes by this apparatus of double or
treble heating power.
At Figure 2 of the Drawings b, b, are small pipes connected to each of the
horizontal pipes G, for conveying the condensed vapours therefrom; to faci-
litate which the said pipes G, should be inclined or lowest at that end where
the pipes are placed.
b
In adapting an apparatus constructed on the above principle to heating,
warming, and ventilating buildings, I propose, in cases where it is desired to
heat and ventilate different rooms in a dwelling-house, for example, to carry
separate pipes from the furnace (which should be placed at the lowermost
part of the building) to each room, and by dampers or other suitable con-
trivances to direct the heat to any particular room or rooms in the house. I
also propose to construct a vessel around or upon the furnace to contain
water, the steam from which may be conveyed by pipes fitted with cocks to

page_text: any or all of the rooms separately so as to moisten the air therein when
necessary, or for other purposes. I also propose, if desirable, to construct an
apparatus on the above principle mounted on wheels so as to be able to
transport it from place to place for heating the air in buildings, such as large
rooms used for meetings, concert rooms, and other public buildings. In
using a fixed apparatus for heating and ventilating buildings, the apparatus
may be arranged and disposed entirely outside of the building, and when this
is the case I propose to build a place for its reception against the building to
be heated, and I form an opening in the wall of said building in which I place
the tiers of hot air pipes so that the cold air as it enters the building at the
aforesaid opening shall thus become heated, and be diffused throughout the
building. In conclusion I would remark, that I do not intend to limit myself
to the precise mode exhibited by the Drawings of arranging and combining
the pipes, as it will vary according to circumstances; for example, when a very
large heating surface is required I either arrange several apparatuses side by
side or end to end, each being independently supplied with heat from the
furnace.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Justinian Newcome, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of December in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
HENRY JUSTINIAN NEWCOME.
(LB.)