IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT
to William Jackson, of Lancaster, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS."
Sealed the 5th June 1866, and dated the 22nd December 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Jackson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
December 1865.
IN
I, WILLIAM JACKSON, of Lancaster, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
PUMPS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The objects of this Invention are, firstly, improvements in ship pumps, and
secondly, in the description of pumps commonly known as beer engines. In
the ship pumps I employ an open pipe, forming the main cylinder, and con-
taining one, two, or more inlets or suctions, which may be placed on or
between one, two, or more pipes. The open pipe or cylinder contains two
plungers, one lighter than the other, the lighter one containing the valve, and
the heavier one acting as a counterbalance for the uplift of the column.
When the pump is in motion these two plungers move, the one up, the other
down, causing a vacuum, into which the fluid flows from the suction pipes,
Drin d

page_text: and this movement is obtained by means of a weegee or cranked shaft,
mounted in suitable standards two hand or fly wheels being attached one at
either end of the shaft. The suction pipes or columns have manholes, lids,
or covers, through which pass spindles, to the upper ends of which spindles are
attached lever handles, and to the lower ends lever stops. The object of this
arrangement is the shutting off if necessary of one or more of the suction
pipes, as the lever handle, upon being partially turned, causes the lever stop
to rest upon the top of the valve, thus preventing its action.
With regard to the second part of my Invention I construct beer engines
upon the same principle as the ship pump described, that is to say, I provide
an open cylinder or pipe, horizontal by preference instead of vertical, supplied
with two plungers, and having one or more inlets for suction. The motion
of the handle differs from the ordinary beer pump handle, working horizon-
tally to and fro. I form water-tight cases or boxes of wood, iron, or other
suitable material, within which the apparatus is placed, the space around
being filled with water or ice for the cooling of the liquids.
Either of the above specified descriptions of pumps may be employed also
for other purposes than those herein named.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Jackson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
June 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I, WILLIAM
JACKSON, of Lancaster, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Willian Jackson, Her special license that I, the said William
Jackson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said William Jackson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Jackson, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Jackson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention consists, firstly, in a novel construction of pump applicable to
marine purposes, and by which a much larger volume of water can be raised
per minute and with less labour than by the ordinary pumps in use
shipboard.
Secondly, my Invention applies to the construction of improved beer
engines or liquor pumps which shall be simple in construction, easy of action,
and which will retain no fluid in the cylinder when not in use.
And, thirdly, my Invention comprises improvements in house and force
pumps applicable to ordinary purposes, simple in construction, less bulky, and
more powerful than those at prosent amniowod
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Jackson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention consists, firstly, in a novel construction of pump applicable to
marine purposes, and by which a much larger volume of water can be raised
per minute and with less labour than by the ordinary pumps in use on
shipboard.
Secondly, my Invention applies to the construction of improved beer
engines or liquor pumps which shall be simple in construction, easy of action,
and which will retain no fluid in the cylinder when not in use.
And, thirdly, my Invention comprises improvements in house and force
pumps applicable to ordinary purposes, simple in construction, less bulky, and
more powerful than those at present employed
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents partly in vertical section and partly in end elevation
one of my improved ships' pumps; Figure 2 is a front elevation of the same,
shewing the suction pipes in section; Figure 3 is a plan of one form of my
improved beer engines or liquor pumps; Figure 4, a vertical section of the
same; Figures 5 and 6 are vertical section and front elevation of another form
of improved beer engine or liquor pump; Figure 7 shews a front elevation;
Figure 8, a side elevation; Figure 9, a plan; and Figure 10, a vertical
section of one of my improved house and force pumps.
I will now proceed to describe the first part of my Invention, or that which
refers to the improved ships' pumps, illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. (a) is
the open tube forming the main cylinder, and it may be furnished with any
convenient number of inlets or suctions, which may be placed on or between
a like number of pipes (in the Drawings two are shewn marked (c, c). (b, b,)
are the plungers, the one heavier than the other to act as a counterbalance
for the uplift of the column of water; (d, d¹) are valves by which either of
the suction pipes (c, c,) may be closed; they are shewn closed at (d) and
open at (d), and they are readily actuated by the lever handles (z), which are

page_text: fixed upon spindles passing through the caps of the suction pipes, and thus
direct the feet of the stops (e, e¹) on to or off the rods (y) on the valves (d, d¹,).
is the exhaust valve working outwards into the air chamber and delivery (g);
(h) is the standard or casting to which are pinned the ends of the levers (i, 1);
and () is a bracket carrying the shaft (k); (1, 1) are a pair of eccentrics to
which the levers (i, i), are connected by means of the links (n, n,) and which
thus answer the purpose of a weegee or cranked shaft; and (m) is a fly or
driving wheel.
The action of this pump is as follows:-Power being applied to the axle
or shaft (k) by a winch handle, a pulley, and driving band, or other suitable
means, the eccentrics (1, 1,) are brought into action. These work with a
reciprocating motion, and by their connection through the straps or links
(n, n,) which are secured at one end to the levers (i, i) and which levers are
pinned at their opposite ends to the standard or casting (h), these eccentrics
actuate the plungers attached to the levers (i, i,) at their centres, and an
exhaust being thus formed in the cylinder water is drawn in, and by the counter-
action of the plungers is ejected through the valve (f) and the outlets
of the air chamber and delivery (g). I prefer to use two outlets from this
chamber so that two eduction pipes may be employed.
The second part of my Invention, namely, the improvements in the con-
struction of beer engines and liquor pumps, is illustrated in (Figures 3 and 4),
and again in (Figures 5 and 6), in the form shewn at Figures 3 and 4.
(a) is the cylinder; (b, b,) are the plungers; (c, c,) the suction pipes, two of
which are shewn, each being fitted with its tap (e), so as to allow of liquor
being drawn from either or both of two barrels, by opening one or both
the suction pipes; (d) is the lower or suction valve;B (s) the upper or
eduction valve; (g) the delivery; (h) are brasses carrying a perpendicular
shaft (k), upon which are fixed cam blocks (1, 1); (m) is a lever handle,
attached to the head of the shaft (k); (i, i) are levers pinned at their centres
to the plungers (b, b,) and at one end to the casing (n), the opposite end of
each being fitted with a friction roller (o) working in the cam grooves (p, p).
The action is as follows:-By working the lever (m) horizontally in an arc
of a circle a corresponding movement is imparted to the shaft (k) and cam
blocks (1), causing the friction rollers (o) upon the ends of the levers (i)
to run the one up and the other down the cam grooves (p); and thus the
plungers are caused simultaneously to approach or recede from the centre of
the cylinder, exerting alternately an exhaustive and a compressive power, by
the one drawing the fluid into the cylinder through the suction pipe (c), and
by the other forcing it out through the valve (f) and delivery (g).
The

page_text: detached Drawings (Figure 4) represent another mode of actuating the
plungers, by substituting for the cam blocks (1) links (r, r,) pinned to the
levers (), and again to a bracket (s) upon the shaft (k), by which a kind of
scissor action is obtained.
In the form of beer engine or liquor pump, represented in section
(Figure 5), and elevation (Figure 6), (a) is the cylinder, with its valves (b),
one to each suction pipe (c). These, as in the form of pump already.
described, are two in number, though in both cases one only may be
employed. If preferred, each pipe is provided with a tap (d); (e) is a
plunger or piston fitted with its valve (f), (g) being the piston rod, which
is tubular for the purpose of acting as a delivery tube, to which is attached
the spout (h). Above the part (g) are mounted in carriers (i), upon the
piston rod small friction rollers (k), and above these again the piston rod,
continues in a solid form as at (1), and is received in a socket (m) screwed
into the head of the case, which serves to maintain the perpendicularity of
the action; (n) is a lever, having its fulcrum at (o), and attached to it is the
lever handle (p), by which the pump is worked, the action in this instance
being by drawing down the handle (p) in a vertical direction, the piston rod,
piston, or plunger, and the delivery pipe and spout are all raised, the slot (r)
in the front of the case admitting of this action a vacuum is created in the
cylinder into which the fluid is drawn. Forcing back the handle (p) into
the position shewn in the Drawings impels the fluid through the hollow piston
rod (g), and through the delivery and spout.
(Figures 7 to 10) inclusive illustrate that part of my Invention which refers
to improved house and force pumps.
(a) is the cylinder; (b, b,) are the plungers; (c) the suction pipe; (d)
the lower valve; (e) a T-piece to which the lever handle is attached by which
the pump is worked; (f) is the upper valve; (g) the rising main or force
delivery, which can be employed when required by closing the ordinary
delivery by the tap (g"); (h) the plank or standard to which the levers (i, &)
are attached; (j) is a bracket upon which the T-piece (e) works on a centre
pin (k); (n, n,) are straps or connecting links; (o) the ordinary delivery
spout. The action is as follows: The T-piece (e) worked by the handle
upon the centre pin (k) actuates the links (n, n,) thus alternately raising
and depressing the levers (i, i,) and working the plungers, and thus raising
he water up the suction pipe into the cylinder, and thence forcing it through
he delivery chamber and spout (o), or up the rising main (g), as may be
equired.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed, I do not limit myself to these precise details
which may admit of some variation, but that which I claim is,-
Firstly, the several improvements in the construction of ships' pumps, beer
engines, or liquor pumps, and pumps for ordinary use, as house or force
pumps, by making them with double pistons or plungers, together with the
mechanism for actuating the same in combination therewith, and the means
whereby I am enabled in the case of beer or liquor pumps to draw from
one or more barrels at a time, substantially as herein described
and illustrated.
And, secondly, I claim the arrangement and combination of mechanical
parts to be employed in working single plunger beer or liquor pumps,
as herein more fully set forth and specified and illustrated in (Figures 5
and 6).
In witness whereof, I, the said William Jackson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
JACKSON. (L.S.)
MOCHOVO TITUTTET AL