IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Scott, of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania,
United States of America, lately residing at No. 133, High Holborn, in
the County of Middlesex, but now residing at Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS."
Sealed the 1st April 1858, and dated the 9th October 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Scott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1857.
I, GEORGE SCOTT, of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United States of
America, at present residing at No. 133, High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS," to be as follows :-
The improvement consists, first, in employing a coiled tube with each end
beyond the coil brought in the line of the axis of the coil, and mounted
in suitable boxes, so that the entire coil may rotate thereon as on journals,
and in succession present every part of the circumference of the coil to the
direct action of the heat in the furnace below and the flue leading therefrom.
Secondly, my improvement further consists in the combined introduction of
the water and atmospheric air by means of ordinary air and water pumps so

page_text: arranged and operated that their introduction may be simultaneous, the water
and air being forced through a number of layers of wire gauze or perforated
discs. The object of said perforations is to cause the water to be thrown into
the revolving helical coil in the form of a vapour, thus being more rapidly
converted into a gas of increased expansive power. The ends of the coil are
suitably finished to constitute journals, and are fitted to boxes which are
mounted in the ends of the surrounding masonry or case. Below the front
end of the coil is the furnace of any suitable construction, with fuel door, fire
bridge, and flue space. The furnace and flue extend along the entire length
and along the under part of the coil, and the upper part is enclosed to prevent
the escape of heat by a double casing to contain water, and which, while it
prevents the too free escape of heat, at the same time answers the purpose
of a heater to heat the water preparatory to forcing it into the coil; this
casing is to be provided in the usual manner of a heater with a feed pump,
and as the water is heated it is to be drawn therefrom by suitable means and
forced into the coil as required; with this view the pumping apparatus which
is to take the water from the casing and force it into the generator is con-
nected with the outer or front end of the coil by a suitable shifting box to
make a water and steam tight joint, and yet permit the coil to rotate, the other
or rear end of the coil is in like manner connected by a packing joint with
the lower end of a steam drum provided with a safety valve and other
appendages. The rear end of the coil carries a cog wheel which engages the
cogs of a pinion on a parallel shaft receiving motion from some suitable first
mover, which will rotate the coil about one revolution per minute. As the
coil rotates every portion of the circumference is exposed in succession to the
action of the heat in the furnace and flue, thereby equalizing the heat. I
prefer to introduce the water in small jets through the meshes of a wire gauze
disc in the tube leading to the end, thence into the coil, where it is. generated
into steam which finds its way into the steam chamber for use; but I do not
limit myself to this particular mode of introducing the water. By this
improved arrangement the water which is forced in always lies in the lower
portion of the coil to protect the metal from the injurious effects of the
intense heat, while in succession every part in the circumference of the coil is
in turn exposed to the intense heat of the furnace.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Scott in the Great Seal: "Patent Office on-the
3rd April 1858.
tine
&
ΤΟ ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
SCOTT, of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America,
lately residing at No. 133, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, but
now residing at Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Scott, Her special licence that the said George Scott,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
George Scott, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM GENERATORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Scott, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Scott, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing, and to
the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
My improved generator is composed of a coiled tube with each end beyond
the coil brought in the line of the axis of the coil, and mounted in suitable
bearings, so that the entire coil may rotate thereon as on journals, and in
succession present every part of the circumference of the coil to the direct
action of the heat in the furnace below and in the flue leading therefrom.
One arrangement of my improved generator is represented in the accom-
panying Drawing.
Figure 1 is a view of the furnace end of the apparatus; Figure 2 is a view

page_text: of the opposite end; Figure 3 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 4 is a
transverse section of the same. The same letters refer to similar parts in
each Figure. a is a tube of iron or other suitable metal coiled in the form
of a helix, and with each of its two ends b, b₁, left straight, and in the line
of the axis of the coil. These ends are suitably turned or finished to con-
stitute journals fitted in bearings c, c¹, mounted on the ends d, d¹, of the
surrounding masonry or case; e is the furnace of any suitable construction,
with its fire door f, fire bars g, and bridge h. The products of combustion
ascend among the convolutions of the coiled tube and pass through the flue i
to the chimney j. The coil is inclosed at the upper part by a semicylindrical
double casing k, which serves for heating the water preparatory to forcing it
into the coil. The casing k is supplied with water by a feed pump or other-
wise in the ordinary manner, and the heated water is drawn therefrom by
suitable means and forced into the coil as required. With this view the
pumping apparatus, which is to take the water from the casing and force it
into the generator, is connected with the outer or front end 6 of the coil by
a suitable stuffing box / to make a water and steam-tight joint, and yet permit
the coil to rotate. The other or rear end of the coil b¹ is in like manner
connected by a stuffing box or steam-tight joint m to the lower end of a
steam drum or chamber n provided with a safety valve and other usual
appendages of a boiler. The rear end 6¹ of the coil carries a toothed wheel o,
which is driven by a pinion p on a shaft q receiving motion from a steam
engine or any suitable first mover, which will rotate the coil at the rate of
As the coil rotates, every part
about one revolution per minute, more or less.
of the circumference is exposed in succession to the action of the heat in the
furnace and flue, so that the heat will be equalized instead of exposing some
portions to too high a degree of heat and others to a much lower temperature.
I prefer to introduce the water in small jets through the meshes of one or
more diaphragms of wine gauze or perforated discs in the tube leading to
the end b of the coil, and thence into the coil, where it is converted into
steam, which finds its way into the steam chamber for use, but I do not
confine myself to this mode of introducing the water. The water which is
forced in lies in the lower portion of the coil, and is carried on by the
revolution of the coil until it is evaporated or converted into steam, and it
thus protects the metal from the injurious effects of the intense heat while
every part of the circumference of the coil is successively exposed to the
intense heat of the furnace.
I do not wish to be understood as limiting my claim of Invention to the
special mode of construction herein-before described as this may be varied, so

page_text: long as the peculiar character of my Invention is retained. Thus, two or
more helical coils of tube may be employed, or a spiral coil, or a series of
spiral coils communicating with each other may be used. A brick arch may
be substituted for the casing k, and the water may be introduced into the
generator without being previously heated, or it may be heated by a heater
placed in the chimney or otherwise. The steam chamber may be placed in
the chimney to keep it hot. The water may be introduced at the chimney
end and the steam may be taken off from the furnace end of the coil if
preferred, and various other modifications may be made in the apparatus.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that what I claim is
constructing steam generators by the combination of a rotating coil, sub-
stantially such as herein-before described, with means or appliances for the
introduction or injection of water and exit of steam, and a furnace so arranged
that the different parts of the circumference of the coil may in turn be
exposed to the highest temperature, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Scott, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
CHARLES COWPER,
20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, London.
GEORGE SCOTT. (L.S.)