IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE JUNCTIONS OF GAS, WATER, STEAM, AND OTHER PIPES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Jones, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR MANUFACTURING THE JUNCTIONS OF GAS, WATER, STEAM, AND OTHER
PIPES."
Sealed the 16th July 1867, and dated the 8th February 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Jones at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1867.
I, WILLIAM JONES, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE JUNCTIONS OF GAS, WATER, STEAM, AND
OTHER PIPES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to machinery for manufacturing the junctions of gas,
water, steam, and other pipes commonly called elbows, T-joints, cross joints,
bends, sockets, and otherwise named according to the particular shape given
to them, the said joints being employed to connect portions of gas, water,
steam, and other pipes together.
My said Invention consists of the arrangement or combination of parts of
-machinery berein-after explained for manufacturing the said joints.

page_text: I construct the machinery according to my Invention in the following
manner: A steam hammer is supported by framing on the foundation or
base plate of the machine, and is actuated in the usual manner, the motion of
the several parts of the machine being taken from the said steam hammer.
I will describe the machine for the manufacture of cross joints, that is
joints having four openings, each opening being at right angles to the next.
On the bed of the machine and immediately under the steam hammer a
swaging tool is fixed; having the figure of nearly one-half of the cross joint to
be made, and the swage or forging too! carried by the steam hammer has
nearly the figure of the other half of the said cross joint to be made. A
blank of the required shape for making the cross joint is bent nearly into the
shape of the cross joint to be made, and being raised to a welding heat is
placed on the swaging tool on the bed of the machine. By the descent of the
ram or plunger of the steam hammer mandrils are made to pass into the
interior of the partially formed joint, and the vertical swage of the said
hammer is made to act upon the said partially formed joint, after which hori-
zontal swages or forging tools are made to advance against the angles of the
joint; the partially formed joint is thus supported internally by mandrils,
while externally it is compressed or struck between the fixed swage on the
bed of the machine and the vertical swage carried by the steam hammer, and
by the horizontal swages which act upon the angles of the joint; the partially
formed joint is thus welded into a perfectly forged joint. The mandrils for sup-
porting and the swaging tools for operating upon the angles of the cross joint
are worked from the steam hammer in the following manner:--The holder or
die box in which the metal swaging tool worked by the steam hammer is
fixed is not rigidly connected to the ram or hammer, but is capable of a short
sliding motion therein, a strong coiled spring between the top of the said
holder and the top of the cavity in which it works pressing the said holder
outwards until it is brought down upon the partially formed cross joint.
Across the stem of the said holder two bars or arms are fixed at right angles
to one another, slots being made in the ram of the hammer to permit of the
said cross bars rising and falling with the holder of the vertical swaging tool.
The mandrils have the required horizontal motion given to them by the short
ends of levers turning upon pins on the framing of the machine, the longer
arms of the said levers being connected by connecting rods with the cross bars
or arms fixed in the aforesaid stem of the holder or die box. The ram or
plunger of the hammer carries at its bottom four wedges, which, on the
descent of the hammer, force inwards the horizontal swages which act upon
and shape the angles of the cross joint. By the
arrangement described the

page_text: descent of the ram of the hammer first causes the mandrils to enter the
partially formed cross joint, and the vertical swage to act upon the said cross
joint, the further descent of the hammer causing the wedges to force inwards
the horizontal swages, and thus complete the forging or shape of the cross
joint. During the last described motion of the ram or plunger of the hammer
it advances on the stationary holder or box of the vertical swage compressing
the before-mentioned coiled spring. On the raising of the ram or plunger
the wedges acting on the horizontal swages retire, and the said swages are
withdrawn by coiled springs. The vertical swage and mandrils next retire,
and the finished cross joint may be removed from the fixed swage on the bed
of the machine. Instead of working the mandrils by levers they may be
worked by wedges moving vertically, a pair of wedges being used for each
mandril, one wedge on the descent of the hammer forcing the mandril inwards,
and the other wedge on the rising of the hammer forcing it outwards. The
hammer described may be actuated by compressed air or other motive power
in place of steam.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st August 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
JONES, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Machinist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, IIer heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Jones, Her special licence that I, the said William Jones,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Jones, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time.
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS."
IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE JUNCTIONS OF GAS, WATER, STEAM, AND
OTHER PIPES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Jones, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under

page_text: my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Jones, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to machinery for manufacturing the junctions of gas,
water, steam, and other pipes, commonly called elbows, T-joints, cross joints,
bends, sockets, and otherwise named, according to the particular shape given
to them, the said joints being employed to connect portions of gas, water,
steam, and other pipes together.
My said Invention consists of the arrangement or combination of
machinery herein-after explained for manufacturing the said joints.
parts of
I construct the machinery according to my Invention in the following
manner: A steam hammer is supported by framing on the foundation or
base plate of the machine, and is actuated in the usual manner, the motion of
the several parts of the machine being taken from the said steam hammer.
I will describo the machine for the manufacture of cross joints, that is,
joints having four openings, each opening being at right angles to the next.
On the bed of the machine and immediately under the steam hammer a
swaging tool is fixed having the figure of nearly one half of the cross joint to
be made, and the swage or forging tool carried by the steam hammer as
nearly the figure of the other half of the said cross joint to be made. A blank
of the required shape for making the cross joint is bent nearly into the shape
of the cross joint to be made, and being raised to a welding heat is placed on
the swaging tool on the bed of the machine. By the descent of the ram or
plunger of the steam hammer mandrils are made to pass into the interior of
the partially formed joint, and the vertical swage of the said hammer is made
to act upon the said partially formed joint, after which horizontal swages or
forging tools are made to advance against the angles of the joint; the partially
formed joint is thus supported internally by mandrils, while externally it is
compressed or struck between the fixed swago on the bed of the machine and
the vertical swage carried by the steam hammer, and by the horizontal swages
which act upon the angles of the joint; the partially formed joint is thus
welded into a perfectly forged joint. The mandrils for supporting and the
swaging tools for operating upon the angles of the cross joint, are worked

page_text: from the steam hammer in the following manner :-The bolder or die box in
which the vertical swaging tool worked by the steam hammer is fixed is not
rigidly connected to the ram or hammer, but is capable of a short sliding
motion therein, a strong coiled spring between the top of the said holder and
the top of the cavity in which it works pressing the said holder outwards until
it is brought down upon the partially formed cross joint. Across the stem of
the said holder two bars or arms are fixed at right angles to one another, slots
being made in the ram of the hammer to permit of the said cross bars rising
and falling with the holder of the vertical swaging tool. The mandrils have
the required horizontal motion given to them by the short ends of levers
turning upon pins on the framing of the machine, the longer arms of the said
levers being connected by connecting rods with the cross bars or arms fixed in
the aforesaid stem of the holder or die box. The ram or plunger of the
hammer carries at its bottom four wedges, which, on the descent of the hammer,
force inwards the horizontal swages which act upon and shape the angles of
the cross joint. By the arrangement described the descent of the ram of the
hammer first causes the mandrils to enter the partially formed cross joint and
the vertical swage to act upon the said cross joint, the further descent of the
hammer causing the wedges to force inwards the horizontal swages, and thus
complete the forging or shape of the cross joint. During the last described
motion of the ram or plunger of the hammer it advances on the stationary
holder or box of the vertical swage, compressing the before-mentioned coiled
spring; on the raising of the ram or plunger the wedges acting on the hori-
zontal swages retire, and the said swages are withdrawn by coiled springs; the
vertical swage and mandrils next retire, and the finished cross joint may be
removed from the fixed swage on the bed of the machine. The hammer
described may be actuated by compressed air or other motive power in place
of steam.
Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in front elevation, partly in vertical section, a machine
constructed according to my Invention for forming cross joints, that is, joints
having four openings, each opening being situated at right angles to the next;
Figure 2 is an elevation of a portion of the same taken at right angles to
the elevation Figure 1; Figure 3 is a plan of the bed and working tools
of the machine. The other Figures represent portions of the machine as
herein-after explained. The same letters of reference indicate the same parts
in each Figure of the Drawing.

page_text: a is the steam hammer supported by the framing b on the foundation or
base plate c of the machine; the steam hammer a is actuated in the usual
manner, and, the motion of the moving parts of the machine are taken from
the said steam hammer; on the bed d of the machine and immediately under
the steam hammer a a swaging tool e is fixed; the working face of the said
swaging tool having the figure of nearly one-half of the cross joint to be
made; is a swage or forging tool carried by the ram of the steam hammer,
the working face of the said swage f baving nearly the figure of the other
half of the cross joint to be made; the said upper swage or forging tool fis
connected with the ram or plunger of the steam hammer in the manner
berein-after explained; 9, 9, 9, are three mandrils for supporting the interior
of the joint during the action of the swaging tools. These mandrils are worked
from the steam hammer a in the following way:-The holder or die box h
in which the swaging tool f is fixed is not rigidly connected to the ram or
plunger i, but is capable of a short sliding motion in a cavity formed therein,
a strong coiled spring k (see Figure 1) being situated between the top of the
holder h and the top of the cavity in the ram or plunger i in which the
holder works; across the holder h and fixed therein are two bars or
arms l, m, situated at right angles to one another, slots n being made in the
rami of the hammer to permit of the said cross bars rising or falling with
the holder or die box h; the bars or arms l, m, are jointed to connecting
rods o, which at their other ends are jointed to levers p turning upon pins
in the framing of the machine; the short arms of the levers p are connected
to the mandrils 9, 9, 9, in the way which will be understood by an examination
of Figures 1, 2, and 3; on the descent of the ram i of the steam hammer,
the mandrils 9, 9, 9, are forced inwards, the mandril gå first advancing across
the partially formed joint, and the mandrils 9, 9, afterwards advancing their
pointed ends, engaging in depressions or holes in the mandril 92, or the ends
of the mandrils g, g, may clip the mandril 93; 7, 7, 9, 9, are four swages
sliding horizontally on the bed of the machine, the acting ends of which swages
shape the angles of the cross joint; the said swages q, q, q, q, are acted upon
by four wedges marked r fixed on the base of the ram i, the inclined faces
of the wedges r acting against the shoulders s of the swages 7, 9, 9, 9, force
tho said swages inwards and cause them to give the required shape to the
angles of the cross joint being manufactured; the return motion of the
swages 9, 9, 9, 9, is produced by coiled springs not shown in the Drawing;
the positions of the swages. 9, 9, 9, q, and wedges after the descent of the
ram i will be best understood by referring to Figures 4, 5, and 6, of the
Drawing. Figure 4 representing in vertical section a portion of the bed

page_text: ram and parts carried by them; Figure 5, a side elevation of the ram
and wedges; and Figure 6, a plan of the upper side of the lower part of
Figure 4.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The parts of the machine being
in the respective positions represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3, a partially
formed but unwelded cross joint raised to a welding heat is placed in the
lower swaging tool e.
On the descent of the ram i of the steam hammer the
mandrils 9, 9, 9, are made to pass into the interior of the partially formed
joint, and the upper swage f descends and acts upon the said joint. The
horizontal swages q, q, q, q, are next forced inwards and form the angles of
the cross joint, the mandrils 9, 9, 93, and swage f remaining stationary while
the ram i advances upon, the holder h, compressing the spring k and causing
the wedges to act upon the swages 2, 9, 9.9. By the action of the said
swages e and f, horizontal swages 9, 9, 9, 9, and mandrils 9, 9, 9%, the partially
formed joint is welded into a perfectly forged joint. On the ascent of the
hammer the ram i rises, but the holder h is kept down for a time by the com-
pressed coiled spring k. As the wedges rare carried by the ram i, as soon as the
said ram begins to rise the said wedges liberate the horizontal swages q, q, I, I,
which retire by the action of their springs. By the further rising motion of
the ram i the swaging tool f is raised from the joint, and the mandrils g, g,
and 9' are withdrawn from the interior of the joint. The forged joint is
removed from the lower swaging tool e, and the several parts resuming the
positions represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3, the machine is ready to make
another joint. Instead of working the mandrils 9, 9, 9, by levers in the
manner described and represented they may be worked by wedges moving
vertically, a pair of wedges being used for each mandril, one wedge on the
descent of the hammer forcing the inandril inwards, and the other wedge on
the rising of the hammer forcing it outwards..
The machine which I have described and represented in the Drawing is
fitted to make the most complex form of joint, that is, a cross joint having
four openings. Where junctions of other figures are required to be made by
the machine, such as elbows, T-joints, bends, sockets, or other joints, other
swages of the required form are substituted for the swaging tools e, f, and
such of the mandrils 9, 9, 9, and horizontal swages 9, 9, 9, 9, as are not
required in the manufacture of the said joints are removed or thrown out
of gear.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as, the

page_text: same my be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but
I claim as my Invention,-..
Firstly, the general arrangement or combination of parts, substantially as
herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, of
machinery for the manufacture of the junctions of gas, water, steam, and
other pipes.
Secondly, the arrangement or combination of parts, substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, for actuating
in the required order the upper swage mandrils and horizontal swages of
machinery for the manufacture of the junctions of gas, water, steam, and
other pipes.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Jones, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW,
WILLIAM JONES. (L.S.)