AN IMPROVED OIL MORE ESPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MIXING PAINTS AND COLORS, AND A NEW MODE OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," No. 12, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED OIL
MORE ESPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MIXING PAINTS AND COLORS, AND A NEW MODE
OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME."-A communication from abroad by Adolph
Millochau, of the City, County, and State of New York, United States
of America.
Sealed the 14th June 1864, and dated the 19th December 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
December 1865.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12, South-
ampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED OIL, MORE ESPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MIXING PAINTS AND COLORS, AND A
NEW MODE OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME," a communication, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved oil adapted for painting and other
purposes, produced from the residuum remaining after the purification of
petroleum or other bituminous oils, and to the manner of manufacturing the
This improved oil is produced by freeing the residuum of the acid
properties and impurities which it contains. This result is attained by a
[Price 8d.]

page_text: process of distillation which leaves the oil of about the same consistency and
body as was possessed by the residuum before being subjected to said process.
This oil has proved equal to linseed oil for grinding and mixing paint, as it
possesses sufficient consistency, as well as the property of drying rapidly, and
of forming the pigments into a hard durable coating, while it is easily manu-
factured at a very moderate cost. Paints mixed with this improved oil also
cover well, and present when applied a glossy surface similar to that produced
by the application of varnish. To mauufacture this oil, from 40 to 80 per
cent. of fresh or salt water is mixed with the residuum, and this compound is
agitated in any convenient manuer, for the purpose of extracting as large a
portion as possible of the acid. After the liquid has settled, the watery
portion, containing the acid and impurities, is removed. The oily portion is
then mixed with about 20 or 25 per cent. of caustic soda or potash, or other
alkali of a specific gravity of 25 degrees Baumé; by agitating this mixture
for about an hour, any acid remaining will become neutralized. When the
liquid is settled the supernatant oil is ready for use. A superior quality of
this oil is obtained by exposing the materials during the process of distillation
to a moderate steam or other heat, or by bleaching in open vats, and its
drying properties may be increased, if desired, by the addition of turpentine
or other similar substances.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Haseltine in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th June 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
year
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of December, in the of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the 27th year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said George Haseltine, Her special license that I, the said
George Haseltine, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said George Haseltine, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,

page_text: use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for.." AN
IMPROVED OIL; MORE ESPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MIXING PAINTS AND COLORS, AND: A
NEW MODE OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME," (a communication), upon the 'con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said George Haseltine, my executors' or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or
under the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say -
This Invention, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent,
relates to an improved oil, adapted for painting and other purposes, produced
from the residuum remaining after the purification of petroleum or other
bituminous oil, and to the manner of manufacturing the same.
It is well known that in the process of purifying petroleum or coal
oils, sulphuric acid is usually mixed with the oil for the purpose of removing
the impurities, which latter,in a greatmeasure, become mechanically combined
with the acid, and are precipitated with it as the liquid settles. It is also
well known that after the process of purifying is completed, a thick, heavy,
black residuum remains, which is considerably marked by the acid employed
in the purification. Prior to my discovery this residuum had not been
considered of much value, and was frequently thrown away. But by sub-
mitting it to a method of treatment analagous to what has heretofore been
employed in distilling crude coal oil,and some other substances, I amenabled
to free it from its acid properties and of its impurities, while I preserve its
consistency and body. 1 thereby convert it into a desirable substitute for
linseed and otheroils for grindingand mixing with paints and colors, because it
presents, as I treat it, the consistency and capacity for drying rapidly, and for
binding the pigment into a hard, tough coating, which renders linseed oil so
valuable for this purpose, and, at the same time, it can be produced with very
great cheapness and ease. To effect this, I first mix with any required quantity
of the residuum in the condition in which it may be obtained from coal or
petroleum oil works, about forty per cent. of water, and thoroughly agitate

page_text: the compound in any convenient manner for about one to two hours. This is
for the purpose of washing out as much as possible of the acid, the greater
part of which will be removed by the operation. I then allow the liquid to
settle for say one to two hours, and afterwards draw off the watery portion,
which will contain acid and impurities. I also prefer to transfer the only
portion into another vessel than that in which the settling takes place, but
this is not essential. I then put into this oily portion about twenty per cent.,
or from twenty to twenty-five per cent., as may be desired, of caustic soda or
potash, or other suitable alkali, of a specific gravity of twenty-five degrees
Baume, and thoroughly stir or shake the whole mass for about an hour. At
the end of this time the action of the alkali will be found to have entirely
neutralized and removed the acid remaining in the liquid from the purifying
process to which the oil was originally subjected. "The mass is then left for
twelve hours to settle and separate, after which time the supernatant oil is
drawn off and is ready to be barrelled for use, and it will now be found to
possess a proper body and the requisite drying qualities to adapt it to be
employed in all cases as a substitute for linseed oil for grinding or mixing
with paints and colors. It will cover well, and, when dry, it produces a gloss
resembling varnish. It sometimes happens that after the liquid has been
treated with the alkali, another washing with about twenty-five per cent. of
pure water will be of benefit. This occurs when the first washing is not
thoroughly done, but if it be carefully performed, no subsequent washing
will be found necessary. The fineness and purity of the oil prepared by
this method may be increased by exposing it during the operation to a
moderate steam or other heat, in well-known ways, and it may be further
improved by bleaching it in open tanks. Also, if desired, from one-fifth
to one-third of its bulk of turpentine, or of benzine, or similar valatile
substance, may be added to thin it and to augment its drying properties.
The acid water remaining after the first settling may be usefully employed
in manufacturing. superphosphate of lime in the usual manner. If from
forty to eighty per cent. of fresh or salt water is added to the residuum for
the purpose of washing in the first instance, the oil will be made exceedingly
clear and pure. But when so much is employed, a long time will be
required for the liquid to settle properly. I therefore do not usually add
more than forty per cent., as this renders the oil sufficiently pure for most
practical purposes. But the suggestions contained in the last few paragraphs
are a part of the knowledge of most chemists, and though important in the
practical manufacture of my improved oil, need not be carried further here.

page_text: Having thus fully described and ascertained the nature of said In-
vention,
First, I claim as a new product or article of manufacture, the oil described,
produced from the acid residuum remainingafterthepurification of petroleum,
of coal oil, or other bituminous oils.
Second, I claim the process of manufacturing the said oil, substantially as
herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Tenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.B.)