IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLANING WOOD
Year: 1884

page_text: I SAMUEL SEARLE HAZELAND of the Parish of St Sampsons in the County of
Cornwall Experimental Machinist do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLANING WOOD, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a simple efficient and inexpensive
Wood Planing Machine that may be worked by hand or by Steam or other power
to this end I revolve an elastic pressing and feeding roller over a stationary knife
or Plane iron the roller consists preferably of rubber washers these are secured
preferably in grooves the grooves are formed preferably in the middle of a Spindle
and it is supported preferably in two Bearings one on each side of the roller
When driven by Steam or other power fast & loose pulleys may be secured on one
end of the spindle When driven by hand power a Wheel or handle preferably
with slotted spoke may be secured preferably one on each end of the spindle
Each bearing formed on the top of a single upright consists preferably of a simple
gap the spindle revolves in this gap and may be kept vertically and horizontally to
place therein by a pin or bolt or their equivalent between the uprights a lug screw
is fitted by means of which brackets supporting either one or the other end of a
planing table may be made to rise or fall said brackets are fitted with guide pieces
and said guide pieces are kept to place by pieces hanging on pins from the sides of
the uprights the pieces which hang on pins may be taken off and padded with
paper or other suitable material so as to quickly and cheaply adjust or put the
machine together without filing or planing if desired. To the brackets is fitted a
lever log or bar on which the centre of the planing table rests when more than
half the length of wood is planed the table will provided the wood is of sufficient
length & thickness tip lengthways so as to rest on the lever log or bar and on the
brackets at the opposite end where when the wood was fed in a vertical gap would
be seen between the planing table and the brackets The weight attached to the
rising & falling lever log or bar consists preferably of a bag of gravel or its
equivalent this is shifted along the log or bar according to the pressure required
The bug of gravel is secured to the piece on which it hangs from the lever log or
bar preferably by a semicircular or cone shaped piece at the end of same, the small
end of said semicircle or cone is to be pushed through a rubber ring connected to
Price G21

page_text: the mouth of the bag and the shoulder of said semicircle or cone will prevent the
weight from drawing off the ring. At the bottom of planing table at either end
horizontal pins may be secured these when the table is in place may be held
between vertical pins which are adjustably secured between the brackets at each
end Sheet metal may be strained over the table top so as to provide a smooth
and renewable surface.
Improvements in Machinery for Planing Wood.
I SAMUEL SEARLE HAZELAND of the Parish of St Sampsons in the County of
Cornwall Experimental Machinist do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLANING WOOD, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to supply a simple efficient and inexpensive
Machine by means of which users may quickly and cheaply plane wood by hand
steam or other power.
In the accompanying Drawings I have shown at Figs. 1 & 2 a wood planing
Machine arranged according to my invention (A) are Uprights of cast iron so
formed as to leave gaps in their upper ends which support and assisted by the
bolts (A 1) and bolt grooves in the spindle (B) keep to position horizontally and
vertically the horizontal shaft (B) (C) is an elastic Roller fitted to the shaft (B)
from which it receives rotary motion (D) are Handwheels secured at the ends of
the shaft (B) for giving rotary motion to the shaft (E.) are Brackets these are
carried in the vertical guides (F) which may be either seperate pieces positioned
by bolts & nuts as shown or be cast in one with the Brackets and then positioned
by padding pieces hanging on pins from the sides of the uprights as explained in
my provisional specification or by planing or filing to fit
The Brackets are
capable of vertical adjustment by means of the adjusting screw (G) which passes
loosely through a fixed lug (H) secured between the Uprights (A) and takes into a
threaded socket (1) secured between the Brackets (E)-J is a Lever bar with
narrower extensions (K 1) and (K 2) and swivels in round holes formed in the
Brackets (E) preferably on semicircular bosses (D1) as shown by dotted line in
Fig. 1 (K) shown by dotted line in Fig. 1 are bosses formed on the inner parts of
the Brackets (E) they serve to prevent the end of the Lever bar (J) on which the
Jarger weight bag (R) hangs from falling lower than the position in which it is

page_text: shown in Fig. 1. Lis a leg preferably of wood secured by screws or their
equivalent to the wood top of planing table (M) by means of which said planing
table (M) stands on the Lever bar (J) (N) is a metal shoe piece secured to (L) by
screws or their equivalent (0) is a metal stop piece cast in one with or secured to
the Lever bar (J) it is used for keeping the Leg (L) and thereby the Planing
table (M) to position (P) is the knife or plane iron which may be secured to the
wood knife support (Q) in any convenient manner (R) are weight bags the smaller
one is used to balance the Lever bar which is cast lighter at the end where it hangs
and the larger one for adjustably weighting the Lever bar-The figures on the
lever bar show the position where the larger weight bag should be placed for
planing wood varying in width from 2 to 11 inches (S) are tie rods or inetal bars
with screwthread and 2 nuts at each end these are used for connecting the
Brackets (E) The upper Tie rod over the larger weight bag (R) is secured in slots
in order that it may more readily be removed when the plane box is withdrawn
and the one on the opposite end may be secured by slots & nuts as shown or by
nuts and holes in the Brackets (T) are tie rods for connecting the Uprights (A)
(U) is the Handwheel by means of which the adjusting screw (G) is turned
(V) is a wood foundation to which the Machine is secured by Coach screws (F1)
or their equivalent (W) are slotted hangers bolted above the vertical guides (F)
from pins on one end of these a slotted scale bar (X) hangs said scale bar is by
means of the slots in the hanger aforesaid adjusted in such fashion with respect
to the scale beneath as to point the right spot to which the Brackets would have to
be raised or lowered for planing wood of any thickness up to 11 inches The lines
& figures forming the scale may be cast on or in the Upright and lines & tinch
apart may also be cast on or in the Upright if desired (Y) are bosses formed on
the Uprights in order to prevent the scale bar (X) and thereby the Brackets from
being screwed high enough to take the edge of plane knife into the elastic roller
(Z) are tie rods with 2 nuts at one end and one nut at the other end on which the
wood rollers forming the handles are secured, these by means of the slotted spoke
in Wheel (D) may be positioned for adjustable leverage (B1) are cylindrical pieces
on, and near the centres of, the upper tie rods between them the pins (C1) which
are secured to the wood pieces (G1) lie, so as to keep the plauing table to position
against horizontal revolution (E 1) are guide bars for keeping the wood to
position whilst it is being planed, these are not shown in Fig. 2. and in Fig. 2 the
knife and wood block to which it is fitted are supposed to be not yet attached to
the top of planing table (M) so that the wood Leg (L) shoe piece (N) and stop
piece (0) may be more clearly shown (K 1) in Figs. 1 & 2 shows the narrower
and lighter extension of Lever bar (J) on which the smaller Bag (R) hangs,
and (K 2) in Fig. 1 the somewhat wider and heavier extension of same on which
the larger bag (R) hangs. (H1) shows the piece by means of which the larger
weight bag (R) hangs on the Lever bar (J) and (H 2) the piece by means of which
the smaller weight bag (R) hangs thereon-The shaft or spindle where the washers
are placed may be about 2 inches in diameter and the lower part of the grooves
about 1 of an inch in diameter the grooves at their lower parts being preferably
flat The elastic roller fitted in said grooves I prefer to build up of either red or
best grey vulcanized rubber washers ths of an inch square 1 inch hole and these
washers should be put into grooves about 18"
9 ths of an inch wide with metal
about of an inch thick between them, as under When the metal shaft or
spindle has been heated in water which is quite clean and free from grease to the
temperature of boiling water thoroughly dry it with a clean linen cloth and by
means of Bicycle cement made into sticks of the requisite width for entering the
grooves cover said grooves with a thin coat of the Bicycle cement, immediately
after heating the spindle as above let the Bicycle cement be put on and the rubber
washers fitted and before so doing bolt one end of the shaft or spindle in one of the
Uprights in such fashion that the part to be covered projects beyond the machine
instead of lying between the Uprights as shown in Fig. 2 The washers may be
th

page_text: •
by means of a wood cone strained on to a piece of thin metal tubing sufficiently
large to run over the spindle and from said tubing they may be lowered by hand
into the grooves the person who strains the washers on to the tubing as also the
person who lowers them therefrom should wear clean cotton gloves to prevent any
particle of grease from getting from their hands on to the rubber Before fitting
the rubber washers should be well washed in clean cold or tepid water only and
then left to dry After each washer is lowered and by means of a piece of wood
about the size of an ordinary lead pencil tucked into its groove the side which will
touch the next washer which is to be fitted should be thinly coated with rubber
cement and each washer before it is lowered should have a thin coating of rubber
cement applied to it on that side where when lowered it will touch the washer
that has been previously fitted By means of the grooves the rubber washers
obtain an increased clinging and sticking grip on the shaft or spindle and said
grooves are also of considerable service in keeping the washers that are first fitted
exactly to position and very tightly together whilst the remaining washers are
being placed in their grooves It will be understood that it is of considerable value
to users of a machine of this kind to have a built up elastic roller which they
can themselves quickly and cheaply replace when worn out The lever bar will
notwithstanding slight variations in the thickness of the wood which is being
planed keep it with a very even pressure against the elastic roller and thus greatly
tend to prevent said roller from slipping its work and thus grinding itself out
uselessly over stationary wood When feeding in wood to be planed the distance
between knife edge and bottom of rubber roller should be about th of an inch
less than the thickness of the wood to be planed By using the gaps and bolts in
Uprights in connection with bolt grooves cast in the shaft or spindle instead of
the ordinary bearings a substantial and suitable bearing is obtained which by
many persons could be much more readily and cheaply made and fitted than the
top and bottom bearings and collars. in connection therewith which are usually
employed for similar purposes The benefit of having slotted spokes in the Hand-
wheels is that an adjustable leverage is thereby obtained as when planing narrow
stuff requiring little power the wood handle can be positioned so as to turn in
a small circle whilst when planing wide stuff requiring greater power it can
be positioned so as to turn in a circle as large as the outer circumference of the
Handwheel-The benefit of having a wheel on each end of the spindle is that a
boy or lad can be turning one wood handle in a small circle whilst a man at the
other Handwheel can be turning another in a large one-One wheel at each end
also gives the further advantage of enabling the power of at least 4 strong men
2 at each Handwheel to be put into the machine at any time in case such should
be needed.
•
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. Adapting to a Wood planing machine in which the wood is planed by means
of an elastic pressing & feeding roller and a fixed or stationary knife, a grooved
roller substantially in the manner and for the purpose above described.
2. Adapting to a Wood planing machine in which the wood is planed by means
of an elastic pressing and feeding roller and a fixed or stationary knife a lever bar
for the purpose above described.
3. Adapting to a Wood planing machine in which the wood is planed by means
of an elastic pressing and feeding roller and a fixed or stationary knife a shaft or
spindle to each end of which a Handwheel is secured.
4. Adapting to a wood planing machine in which the wood is planed by means
of an elastic pressing and feeding roller and a fixed or stationary knife a Hand-
wheel with slotted spoke or a handle with slotted spoke or 2 Handwheels with
slotted spokes or 2 handles with slotted spokes or its or their equivalent.

page_text: 5. Adapting to a Wood planing machine in which the wood is planed by means
of an elastic pressing and feeding roller and a fixed or stationary knife Standards
or Uprights with gaps made in their upper ends substantially in the manner shown
and for the purpose above described.
6. Adapting to a Wood Planing Machine in which the wood is planed by means
of an elastic pressing and feeding roller and a fixed or stationary knife scales on
Uprights and Lever Bar substantially in the manner and for the purpose above
described.
7. Adapting to a Wood Planing Machine in which the Wood is planed by means
of an elastic pressing and feeding roller and a fixed or stationary knife a stop
boss and scale bar fitted substantially in the manner and for the purpose above
described.