AN IMPROVED Momiron on MAZING TERS POD RATEWAY Wunere
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Schmidt, of Kernsbach, and of 32, Essex
Street, Strand, London, Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
Momiron on MAZING TERS POD RATEWAY Wunere"
Sealed the 16th. April 1858, and dated the 19th October 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Schmidt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
October 1857.
I, JEAN SCHMIDT, of Kernsbach, and of 32, Essex Street, Strand, London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF MAKING TYRES FOR RAILWAY WHEELS," to be as follows, and consists
in subjecting the tyres to a process of cementation and hardening, by which
they are rendered much more durable than in the ordinary railway wheels.
For this purpose the tyres are submitted to the action of the following matters,.
wholly or in part, according to the nature and size of tyres required, viz. :-
Powdered charcoal
about 250 pounds.
Grease
10
"
"
Greaves
"
60
"
Hoof parings
60
"
"
Ox foot
60°
"
"
Tartar
35
"
"
Coarse sugar
10
"
"
Sand
12
500
"
"
Resin
10
وو
"
Saltpeter
6
"
"

page_text: The operation is effected in a circular furnace or chamber, inside which is
an upright cylinder of diameter to admit the tyres like rings around it, and so
that the tyres are in the space between the internal cylinder and the wall of
the furnace.
In this space are also placed the above-named ingredients for cementing
and hardening the tyres. The furnace or chamber is heated externally. The
flame is divided right and left by a wall as it leaves the hearth, and passes
around the chamber till it arrives at the opposite point, where it meets with
another wall by which it is reverberated, instead of passing continuously around
the chamber. Suitable test holes are provided to watch the process of cemen-
tation and hardening.
The said ingredients may also be used in an ordinary furnace for the same
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Schmidt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th
April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN.
SCHMIDT of Kernsbach, Grand Duchy of Baden, Engineer, and now residing
at 32, Essex Street, Strand, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of 'Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Jean Schmidt, of Kernsbach, Her special licence that I, the said Jean
Schmidt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Jean Schmidt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF MAKING TYRES FOR RAILWAY WHEELS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Jean Schmidt, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Schmidt, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
:
This Invention consists both in the special construction of a furnace in
which the tyres for wheels of locomotives, tenders, and waggons for railways
are hardened by means of certain chemical ingredients which are fully detailed
in the present Specification. A furnace of a special construction must be
made for submitting the tyres to be hardened to the action of heat as well as
for the chemical ingredients to be used in hardening the tyres. The annexed
design has four Figures. The Figure No. 1 is the inferior plan or base of the
furnace above the fire-place; the Figure No. 2 is the upper part of the furnace;
the Figure No. 3 is the elevation, in profile, following R, S; the Figure No. 4
is the elevation, in profile, following T, U, showing the tyres placed in the box.
The box is circular where the tyres are placed, it is surrounded by massive
brick masonry; there are two boxes to each furnace, which contain 12 tyres
in each; these tyres are placed two by two, as in the design numbered 3, at
the bottom of the box, and are laid one upon the other; a furnace may also
be constructed containing only one box for 12 tyres. A is the massive brick
masonry; B are the cast-iron pillars, which are placed perpendicularly against
the exterior walls of the furnace to strengthen them, as is customary in these
sort of constructions; there are two placed at each side, they are tied and
strengthened by means of iron bars or strengtheners B' screwed at both ends;
these strengtheners traverse the masonry, and are fastened by means of screws.
A' is the inner wall built of fire-bricks, and forms the box X; it isolates
the tyres and communicates the heat to them. E are two circular chambers
contrived between the massive exterior A and A', divided by the walls D';
A' is the wall of the box X; these chambers serve to convey the flame coming
from the fire-place D the box X, so that the objects placed within receive
the heat when the wall A becomes red hot under the action of fire.
C is a
circular vaulted gallery under the wall A', the outline of which it follows, and
serves to conduct the flames to the fire-place D, and conducts them into E
by the opening F, made at certain distances for causing a communication
between C into E (Fig. 3); D is the fire-place with its grate. It serves to
produce the heat necessary to the cementation or hardening process; it is.
alimented or fed by ordinary combustibles, and its construction does not differ
from those which are generally used. X is the box which forms the circular,
space arranged to receive the tyres and the chemical ingredients; it is formed.
by the circular wall A'. H is a tube of iron which descends to the middle of

page_text: the box X, to avoid the necessity of having to fill this box entirely with sand,
and to contain that which is necessary to the operation; this tube rests, as well
as the tyres, upon the same ground as the box itself; it is easily removed after
the operation, to facilitate the extraction by means of the well O and of the
gallery O', the sand and the residue of the ingredients deposited in the box.. K is
a cast-iron cover, which serves to stop up the mouth of the well O; this cover
has a sufficient opening in the middle to leave a passage for the residue. This
opening is closed by a cast-iron cover, or one of iron plate. O is the dis-
charging well for cleansing the box; O₁ is the gallery communicating with the
well O, and it is by its means that the residue and sand which surrounded the
tyres are taken away after each operation; I is the space contrived to contain
the chemical ingredients between the tyres and the wall A'; P is the space
contrived for the sand, between the interior of the tyres and the tube H;
F' (Fig. 2) are the openings which give passage to the flames coming out of
E after having made the tour of the boxes, and finish in the chimney by the
passage N. Before lighting the fire, two tyres at a time are deposited at
the bottom of the box by means of a crane, then two other tyres, and then
the rest in the same manner; in the space I remaining empty, between the
exterior side of the tyres and the interior part of the wall A' forming the
box, the chemical ingredients which are to produce the cementation or
hardening are placed, and the proportions of the said ingredients are as
follows for every 500 pounds weight.

page_text: must close it as hermetically as possible during the operation; this must be
rigourously observed, as it is most essential; a second cast-iron cover is to be
placed upon the massive work V, leaving a sufficient passage for the flame on
its way to the throwing-off chimney. The openings F" correspond above the
chambers E with the superior gallery C', parallel to the inferior gallery C.
Following the contours of the gallery C, the flame passes by the opening F
into the chambers E, contrived between A and A', it heats the wall A' of the
box X; the chemical ingredients, the tyres, and the sand are heated in their
turn, the flame afterwards passing by the openings F1 escapes into the chimney,
passing by N. In order to observe the progress of the cementation or
hardening, probes or bars of iron of about one inch square are used. These
bars of iron should enter the massive wall A, the chamber E, the wall A, and
the chemical ingredients, by means of small openings and stop at the tyres.
To prevent the action of the flames upon the iron probe,.square tubes Z of
fire-brick, of a sufficient size to allow the probes to pass, should be contrived
in E. In order to know how the hardening goes on, one of the probes should
be taken out every now and then. The length of time required for the
hardening of twenty-four tyres at once, is about eight or ten days, according
to the depth of hardening required. After the operation, and when the
furnace is cold, the tube H is removed, as well as the cover K which closes
the well O, the sand falls into the well, from whence it is removed by means of
the gallery O', before the said tyres are taken out. The tyres are then
removed by means of a crane, and the chemical ingredients fall into the
well O, from whence they are removed by means of the gallery O', and then
the operation is concluded.
Having now fully described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I do not confine myself to the precise details of arrange-
ment herein set forth, as they may be varied to produce the same results
without departing from the principle of my Invention, for example:-The
number of tyres to be hardened, which is carried up to 24 at a time in the
present Specification, may be increased. The mixture may be modified
according to the nature of the iron of the tyres, but what I claim is,―
1st, the combining and the proportionate mixture of the chemical ingre-
dients mentioned in this present Specification.
2d, the special construction of the furnace according to the annexed plans,
the said furnace varying in its dimension according to the diameter of the
tyres to be hardened.
3d, the use of probes to replace the use of a thermometre, in order to
watch the progress of the operation of hardening.

page_text: 4th, the hardening of the tyres in bars, which may also be obtained by
means of the same ingredients, and in a special furnace of a straight instead
of a cylindrical shape.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Schmidt, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named Jean Schmidt, in the presence of
DOSSEVILLE.
J. SCHMIDT. (L.S.)