AN INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS TO FACI- LITATE AND SIMPLIFY CALCULATIONS, AND PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR COM- PUTING THE WEIGHTS OF COTTON WARPS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR WOOLLEN AND WORSTED WARPS, AND WARPS OF OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ingham, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Dyer and Finisher, and George Hinchliffe, of the same Place, Book-
keeper, for the Invention of "AN INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS TO FACI-
LITATE AND SIMPLIFY CALCULATIONS, AND PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR COM-
PUTING THE WEIGHTS OF COTTON WARPS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR WOOLLEN AND
WORSTED WARPS, AND WARPS OF OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 20th July 1860, and dated the 26th January 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ingham and George.
Hinchliffe at the Office of the Commissioners of. Patents, with their.
Petition, on the 26th January 1860.
We, JOHN INGHAM, of Bradford, in the County of York, Dyer and Finisher,
and GEORGE HINCHLIFFE, of the same Place, Book-keeper, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS TO
FACILITATE AND SIMPLIFY CALCULATIONS, AND PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR COMPUTING
THE WEIGHTS OF COTTON WARPS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR WOOLLEN AND WORSTED
WARPS, AND WARPS OF OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a series of sliding scales on
the principle of the slide rule, suitably graduated or divided, and lined and
marked or figured in such manner that one line of marks of figures may
contain the "multiplier" and "product," another line the "multiplicand,"

page_text: another line of marks or figures the "divisor," and another the result; and
for convenience of form or portability, and for facility in using, we make the
scales in circles or rings placed either one within another, or side by side,
with suitable means for keeping them in position, and for sliding or moving
them relatively to each other.
any
By means of this instrument we can shew with facility and accuracy
at one glance the exact weight of any warp in pounds and ounces of
"counts," or thicknesses of yarn, number of ends or lengths either in
cotton, woollen, worsted, or other fibrous substances, and thus dispense
entirely with all figuring and the use of "tables" and "ready reckoners,"
which heretofore has been a very tedious task, having had to be done by a
process of multiplying, subtracting, and dividing, and by the use of tables and
numbers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Ingham and George Hinchliffe in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 26th July 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
INGHAM, of Bradford, in the County of York, Dyer and Finisher, and GEORGE
HINCHLIFFE, of the same Place, Book-keeper, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Ingham and George Hinchliffe, Her special licence that we,
the said John Ingham and George Hinchliffe, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Ingham and George
Hinchliffe, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN INSTRUMENT
OR APPARATUS TO FACILITATE AND SIMPLIFY CALCULATIONS, AND PARTICULARLY
ADAPTED FOR COMPUTING THE WEIGHTS OF COTTON WARPS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR
WOOLLEN AND WORSTED WARPS, AND WARPS OF OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
upon the condition, amongst others, that we, the said John Ingham and
George Hinchliffe, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in

page_text: writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Ingham and George Hinchliffe,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in the employment of a series of sliding scales
suitably graduated or divided and lined, and marked or figured in such manner
that one line of marks or figures may contain the "multiplier " and " product,"
another line the "multiplicand," another line of marks or figures the "divisor,"
and another the result; and for convenience of form or portability, and for
facility in using, we make the scales in circles or rings placed either one within
another, or side by side, with suitable means for keeping them in position, and
for sliding or moving them relatively to each other. By means of this instru-
ment, we can shew with facility and accuracy at one glance the exact weight
of any warp in pounds and ounces, of any."counts" or thickness of yarn,
number of ends or lengths, either in cotton, woollen, worsted, or other fibrous
substances, and thus dispense entirely with all figuring, and the use of "tables"
and "ready reckoners," which heretofore has been a very tedious task, having
had to be done by a process of multiplying, subtracting, and dividing, and by
the use of tables and numbers.
The nature and particulars of this Invention will be clearly understood by
reference to the accompanying 3 Sheets of Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a full size view of the instrument with the scales divided, and
marked thereon, and arranged for calculating or computing the weights of
cotton warps; and Fig. 2 is a cross section of the same.
A, the 1st circle or scale, is divided into four lines (1, 2, 3, 4,) and graduated
by tenths on the slide rule principle, and will read, taking the 1st line for the
1st Fig., as thousands, hundreds, tens, and units; thus, for instance, to find any
given number, as 1825, one thousand is at the first division on the line 1,
eight hundred is at the eighth division of the line 2, and twenty-five will be
found as indicated by the dotted line G, crossing the lines in the middle of the
spaces after the second divisions on the lines 3, 4. To find the number 4025,
the figure of 4 is on the first line, the cipher on the second line, 2 on the third,
and 5 on the fourth line, as indicated by the letter H. And to find 920, we
again take the first or inner line for the first figure, and the number sought will

page_text: be found on the lines 1, 2, 3, at the letter I; in this case there is no use for
the 4th line. And again, to find No. 95 only, then 9 is on the 1st line and 5
on the 2nd line, as shewn at the letter J, when there is no use for the 3rd
and 4th lines; and so on, always taking (whatever be the number required)
the 1st line for the 1st figure.
The 2nd circle or scale, or 1st moveable slide marked B, is divided and
lined exactly the same as the circle A, and will read for the required numbers.
just in the same way.
The 3rd circle or 2nd moveable slide marked C, and named the "cotton
warp slide," is divided and marked suitable for all useful "counts," or thick-
nesses of yarn, from No. 4's single to 100's single; double twist warps, say,
70's double, must be looked for and set as 35's single, and for 150's double,
75's single.
The 4th circle, marked D, is arranged for all warps above one and under ten
pounds in weight, and consists of two lines only; the 1st or inner line
representing pounds, and the 2nd, ounces, or the 16th of a pound.
The 5th circle, E, is divided exactly in the same way as circle D, but used
for all warps varying from ten to one hundred pounds in weight.
The 6th circle, F, comprises one line only, and is for all warps under one
pound in weight, and is divided into ounces.
To show more fully the manner of working the instrument, we will take,
for instance, the following calculation:-Suppose we have a cotton warp of
1,950 ends or threads, 220 yards long, of 25's single yarn, find 1,950 on the
circle A, and exactly over that number set the finger or gauge points * on the
slide B, and over 220 B, place the number or mark of 25's counts on the
slide C, when it gives the weight on the circle E, at the finger or gauge point *
on the slide C, twenty pounds six ounces, which is the exact weight of such a
warp. To make the same instrument applicable for worsted warps, we have
only to take out the 2nd slide C, and substitute the "worsted warp slide," shewn
on Sheet 2; and to ascertain the weight of a warp' with the same number of
ends or threads, yards and counts, given as in the foregoing example, set the
slides in the same manner, and the finger or gauge point on the worsted slide
will point to thirty pounds, ten ounces, which is the correct weight of such
worsted warp.
To calculate the weight of a woollen warp of the same No. of
ends, yards, and counts, skeins, or yards per drachm, we take out the slide C,
and substitute the "woollen warp slide," shewn on Sheet 3, which by setting in
the same manner as before stated, the gauge point on the said slide will indicate
the correct weight of sixty-seven pounds on the circle E. This instrument is
here shewn as arranged and constructed on a plain or flat surface or disc, bu

page_text: it is evident that the scales may be so arranged and constructed as to form a
cylindrical surface, if desirable, the scales being placed side by side instead of
within each other, as herein shown. It is also evident that similar scales may
be arranged and constructed in straight or right lines, instead of circular
lines, but for portability or convenience of form, and for facility in the using
thereof, we prefer the circular form of instrument, as herein shewn, and which
is mounted on a pivot K, fixed in a plate L, having a loop M, by which it may
be hung against a wall. The instrument is capable of turning on the pivot,
and may be held in any desired position by the spring catch N, which impinges
on the edge thereof. The slides are turned in their grooves by means of pins
or knobs projecting from their surfaces, and are prevented from getting out of
the said grooves by small pins fixed in the slides, and working in undercut
grooves, as shewn in the section Fig. 2.
Having thus fully described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed or carried in practical effect, we would
have it distinctly understood that we do not confine ourselves to the particular
arrangement of the scales or the form of construction of apparatus as herein
set forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing from the
essential principle or main feature of our Invention; but what we claim is,
the application and use of a series of sliding scales arranged and constructed
substantially as set forth for the purposes as herein explained, or described and
illustrated in the accompanying three Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hinchliffe, for and on behalf of
myself and the said John Ingham, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-fourth day of July, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty.
GEORGE HINCHLIFFE. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named George Hinchliffe,
in the presence of
WM. TASKER, Patent Agent,
Halifax.