IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE AND FOR OTHER REFRIGERATING PURPOSES, described in the.
Year: 1880

page_text: Windhausen a Person resident at Berlin, Prussia Engineer, bearing date
the Seventeenth day of May 1880 N° 2010.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION as proposed to be
entered by the said Carl Pieper, pursuant to the Statutes in that case made
and provided.
WHEREAS Her Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Letters Patent under the
Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland bearing date at
Westminster the 17th day of May 1880 in the Forty-third year of Her Reign
did give and grant unto me the said Carl Pieper my executors administrators
and assigns, the sole privilege for the term of Fourteen years, thence next ensuing
of making, using, exercising and vending within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland the Channel Islands and Isle of Man the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
ICE AND FOR OTHER REFRIGERATING PURPOSES, described in the English Patent
Specification No 1678 A.D. 1878" a communication from Franz Windhausen a
Person resident at Berlin Prussia, Engineer, N° 2010.
And whereas in pursuance of a proviso in the said Letters Patent contained
I the said Carl Pieper did within Six Calendar Months next after the date of the
said Letters Patent cause a Specification or Instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, purporting to describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same was to be performed, to be duly filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office.
And whereas since the filing of the said Specification I have ascertained
that the Third and Fourth claiming clauses might be objected to as including the

page_text: invention previously described in the Specification N° 1678 of 1878, and I have
no desire to retain these claims
I, therefore disclaim alter and amend the said Specification in manner following
that is to say-Referring to the Certified Queen's Printer's Copy of the said
Specification. At Page 4 Line 6 I omit "to." At Page 4 Line 40 for "apparatuses"
I substitute "apparatus." In Page 5 I omit Claims 3 and 4, being lines 12 to 20
inclusive.
And the said Specification when so altered and amended will read as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the machinery or apparatus for the
manufacture of ice and for other refrigerating purposes, described in the English
Patent Specification N° 1678 A.D. 1878.
The improved apparatus is represented on the annexed Sheet of Drawings,
Fig 1 being an elevation partly in section of the entire apparatus, while Fig 2
shews the device for introducing into the refrigerator the water which is to be
converted into ice.
A A are the refrigerators or the vessels in which the ice is to be produced; B is
the absorbing vessel containing sulphuric acid; C, the apparatus for reconcentrating
the acid as it is becoming diluted by absorption of vapor; D the air-pump, and E
the apparatus for warming the acid on its way from B to C by means of the hot
concentrated acid flowing in the contrary direction from C to B.
to
A
The refrigerators A are by preference, arranged in two rows, one on either side
of the absorber B. The refrigerators placed opposite each other communicate
by means of the pipes a and b with the absorber, a valve a¹ allowing such com-
munication to be interrupted without disturbing the working of the other
refrigerators belonging to the same series. The absorber is connected by the pipe c
with the air-pump D, which is, by preference, a compound air-pump of my corre-
spondent's invention consisting of two co-operating pumps of different capacity and
provided with a condenser, as is described in the Specification of the English Patent,
N° 1801 A.D. 1880. By means of this pump an almost perfect vacuum is
maintained in the refrigerators, and at the same time the greater part of the vapor
generated from the water within them is extracted by the said pump and condensed,
whereas the residual vapour is absorbed by the sulphuric acid.
The improvements which constitute the subject matter of the Invention consist
substantially in a more perfect arrangement of the refrigerators and in the device
for introducing water into the same.
The refrigerators A A are vessels of cylindrical or other suitable form, slightly
tapering towards the top, so that the block of ice formed within them may more
easily become detached. They are closed at the bottom by hinged covers d provided
with means for securely fastening them and with a packing adapted to produce
a perfectly air tight joint. Each vessel has or may have, an inside case
lining between which and the wall of the vessel there is a narrow space
communicating with a steam pipe 8. The purpose of this arrangement will be
explained hereafter.
or
The water to be converted into ice is introduced into the refrigerator out of a
reservoir A shown on a larger scale in Fig 2. From this reservoir a pipe f closed
at its lower end, and, by preference of conical form, extends into the refrigerator.
Lengthwise through this pipe fa narrower pipe f' passes whose lower open end
is fixed in the bottom of f, whereas its upper end carries a cock or a valve f
provided with a float f'. Another narrow pipe fi extends into and nearly to the
bottom of the annular space between the aforesaid pipes. The pipe f* may be
cut off slanting at its lower end so as to provide for a free outlet, whereas its top
is, by preference funnel-shaped, so that it may receive the water running from the
supply-pipe shewn in Fig 1. This water which will have a temperature varying

page_text: In
between about 45 and 75 degrees Fah*. descends through the pipe f*, rises in f
and thereupon flows through pipe f' in a thin stream into the refrigerator.
consequence of the described arrangement the water surrounding the pipe f¹ will,
on account of its being comparatively warm, prevent formation of ice in this pipe ;
whereas, if the said pipe were carried directly into the refrigerator, it would soon
be stopped up by ice. The cock or valve f³ is closed by the float f2 whenever the
water-level in A¹ sinks to a certain point, and is thereby always kept submerged,
so that no air can enter by f' into the refrigerator.
.
The water flowing into the refrigerator spreads out on the bottom d and freezes
as it loses heat by evaporation. A solid block of ice is thus gradually formed
filling the vessel to the height which may be desired, or to its very top.
The cover d being thereupon opened; the ice drops out; or, in case it should
adhere to the walls of the vessels, steam is admitted by the above-mentioned steam
pipe into the space between the lining of the vessel and its outer wall, whereby
the block is quickly caused to become detached.
The packing of the door of the refrigerator may consist of two undivided rings
or strips of india-rubber or other suitable packing material, between which water
is admitted, as has already been described in the Specification of the Patent,
No 1678, AD. 1878.
The vessel B or absorber containing the sulphuric acid, is, by preference, a
horizontal cylinder, within which a shaft provided with arms g rotates. These
arms serve to stir the acid and continually to mix the surface portion, as it absorbs
moisture, with the more concentrated portion at the bottom. The arms g which
are with advantage made spoon-shaped, carry up acid along with them, and thus
promote the absorption of vapour. The absorber is provided with a water-jacket
by means of which the acid, which would otherwise become hot by the absorbing
process is kept cool.
The apparatus C serving for the reconcentration of the sulphuric acid, and the
tubular apparatus E for cooling the hot concentrated acid on its way to the
absorber by the diluted acid coming from the latter are substantially the same as
formerly.
The pipes, h, serve to conduct the diluted acid from B to C, while the con-
centrated acid flows by the pipes in the contrary direction. At P¹ and P²
pumps are placed by which the flow of the acid is controlled. The steam serving
to heat the acid in C enters at into a series of serpentine tubes, while the water
produced by condensation is allowed to flow off, or is returned to the boiler by a
tube attached at k². At a gauge glass and instruments for indicating the
temperature and the degree of concentration of the acid may be fixed.
All parts of the different apparatus which are in contact with acid, and the pipes
by which they communicate with each other, must be made of, or lined, or covered.
with a material incorrodible by the acid. As such material lead is preferred.
The air pump D by which the vacuum is created in the refrigerators, may also be
connected at with the concentrating apparatus, or, if preferred, another air pump
may be used for extracting air and vapour from the latter. When the improved
compound air-pump described in the Patent Specification N° 1801 A.D. 1880, is
used for maintaining the vacuum in the refrigerators, ice may be produced even
without the medium of sulphuric acid, so that in such case the absorber B and the
concentrating apparatus C, together with the appertaining parts may be dispensed
with. On the other hand when the absorber is used, any other well designed air-
pump might be employed. For attaining the highest degree of efficiency it is,
however, requisite to make use of the said compound air-pump and of the com-
bination shewn by the Drawing.
The described combined apparatus may also be made serviceable for cooling
water without freezing it, by admitting the same more rapidly into the refrigerators
and drawing it off before it is converted into.ice. Also liquids whose freezing point
is very low can be cooled by the apparatus to a temperature below the freezing
point of water so that they may serve as a freezing medium.

page_text: Having thus described the nature and object of this Invention, and the manner
in which it is to be carried out in: practice as communicated to me by my corre
spondent, I hereby claim as new and important features of the same :-
1. The combination with a refrigerator A, when operating together with an air-
pump, of the reservoir A¹, the pipes f, f', and f4, a cock or valve f³, and a float ƒ³,
as and for the purpose herein before described.
2. The combination with a refrigerator A of the lining 6 between which and
the wall of A steam can be admitted, as described and for the purpose stated.
In witness whereof I the said Carl Pieper, have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Tenth day of November in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
CARL PIEPER. (L.S.)
In Witness whereof I the said Carl Pieper have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twenty-seventh day of December in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
Notice of The application for leave to file this Disclaimer and Memorandum of 2
Alteration having been advertized in accordance with my direction :-
I hereby grant my Fiat giving leave to the above named Carl Pieper to file in
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with the Specification to which the
same relates the foregoing Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
Dated this fourth day of January One thousand eight hundred and eighty
three.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carl Pieper, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, of 74,
Belle-Alliance-Strasse, Berlin, S.W., Prussia, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
ICE AND FOR OTHER REFRIGERATING PURPOSES, described in the English
Patent, Specification No. 1678, A.D. 1878." A communication from Franz
Windhausen, of Berlin, Prussia, Engineer.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carl Pieper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1880.
CARL PIEPER, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, of 74, Belle Alliance-strasse,
Berlin, S.W., Prussia. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE AND FOR OTHER REFRIGERATING PURPOSES,
described in the English Patent, Specification No. 1678, A.D. 1878." A com-
munication from Franz Windhausen, of Berlin, Prussia, Engineer.
The refrigerators of the improved machine, are vessels of cylindrical or other
suitable form, slightly tapering towards the top; they are closed at the bottom by
hinged covers provided with a packing adapted to produce a perfectly air-tight
joint. Each vessel has or may have an inside case or lining, between which and
the wall of the vessel there is a narrow space communicating with a steam-pipe.
The water to be converted into ice is introduced into the refrigerator out of a
reservoir, from which a pipe closed at its lower end, and by preference conical;
extends into the refrigerator. Lengthwise through this pipe a narrower pipe passes,
whose open end is fixed in the bottom of the former, whereas its upper end carries
a cock or a valve provided with a float Another narrow pipe, which receives
water of ordinary temperature from a supply-pipe, extends into and nearly to the
bottom of the annular space between the aforesaid pipes. By this arrangement the
water surrounding the central pipe will, on account of its being comparatively
warm, prevent the formation of ice in this pipe. The said cock or valve is closed
by the float whenever the water-level in the reservoir sinks to a certain point, and
is thereby always kept submerged.

page_text: The water flowing into the refrigerator spreads out on the bottom of the same
and freezes. A solid block of ice is thus gradually formed. In case this block
should adhere to the refrigerator after the door of the latter has been opened, steam
is admitted into the space between the lining of the refrigerator and its outside
wall.
The packing of the door of the refrigerator may consist of two undivided rings
or strips of india-rubber or other suitable packing material, between which water is
admitted.
The vessel containing the sulphuric acid or absorber is, by preference, a horizontal
cylinder, within which a shaft provided with arms rotates, the latter being with
advantage made spoon-shaped. A water-jacket serves to keep the acid cool.
The concentrating apparatus and the apparatus for cooling the hot concentrated
acid on its way to the absorber by the acid coming from the latter are substantially
the same as formerly.
The absorber, and consequently also the concentrating apparatus, may be dispensed
with if air and vapour are extracted from the refrigerator by the compound air-
pump invented by my correspondent. On the other hand, when the absorber is
used an ordinary air-pump may be employed.
The machine may also be used for cooling water and other liquids without
freezing them.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Carl Pieper in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th November
1880.
CARL PIEPER, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, of 74, Belle-Alliance Strasse,
Berlin, S.W., Prussia. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE AND FOR OTHER REFRIGERATING PURPOSES,"
described in the English Patent, Specification No. 1678, A.D. 1878. A com-
munication from Franz Windhausen, of Berlin, Prussia, Engineer.
This Invention relates to improvements in the machinery or apparatus for the
manufacture of ice and for other refrigerating purposes, described in the English
Patent Specification, No. 1678, A.D. 1878.
The improved apparatus is represented on the annexed Sheet of Drawings,
Fig. 1 being an elevation partly in section of the entire apparatus, while Fig. 2
shows the device for introducing into the refrigerator the water which is to be
converted into ice.
A, A, are the refrigerators or the vessels in which the ice is to be produced; B is
the absorbing vessel containing sulphuric acid; C, the apparatus for reconcentrating
the acid as it is becoming diluted by absorption of vapour; D, the air-pump, and
E the apparatus for warning the acid on its way from B to C by means of the hot
concentrated acid flowing in the contrary direction, from C to B.
The refrigerators A are, by preference, arranged in two rows, one on either side of
the absorber B. The refrigerators placed opposite to each other communicate by.
means of the pipes a and b with the absorber, a valve al allowing such communi-
cation to be interrupted without disturbing the working of the other refrigerators
belonging to the same series.. The absorber is connected by the pipe c with the
air-pump D, which is, by preference, a compound air-pump of my correspondent's
Invention, consisting of two co-operating pumps of different capacity and provided
with a condenser, as is described in the Specification of the English Patent,
No. 1801, A.D. 1880. By means of this pump an almost perfect vacuum is
maintained in the refrigerators, and at the same time the greater part of the vapour
generated from the water within them is extracted by the said pump and condensed,
whereas the residual vapour is absorbed by the sulphuric acid.
The improvements which constitute the subject matter of the Invention consist
substantially in a more perfect arrangement of the refrigerators and in the device
for introducing water into the same.
The refrigerators A, A, are vessels of cylindrical or other suitable, form, slightly
tapering towards the top, so that the block of ice formed within them may more
easily become detached. They are closed at the bottom by hinged covers & provided
with means for securely fastening them, and with a packing adapted to produce a
perfectly air-tight joint. Each vessel has, or may have, an inside case or lining 6,
between which and the wall of the vessel there is a narrow space communicating
with a steam-pipe 1. The purpose of this arrangement will be explained
hereafter.
The water to be converted into ice is introduced into the refrigerator out of a
reservoir A', shown on a larger scale in Fig. 2. From this reservoir a pipe f closed
at its lower end, and, by preference, of conical form, extends into the refrigerator.
Lengthwise through this pipe fa narrower pipe f passes, whose lower open end is
fixed in the bottom of f, whereas its upper end carries a cock or a valve f³ provided
with a float f. Another narrow pipe extends into and nearly to the bottom of
the annular space between the aforesaid pipes. The pipe f* may be cut off slanting
at its lower end so as to provide for a free outlet, whereas its top is, by preference,

page_text: funnel-shaped, so that it may receive the water running from the supply-pipe shown
in Fig. 1. This water, which will have a temperature varying between about 45
and 75 degr. Fahr., descends through pipe f, rises in f, and thereupon flows
through pipe f' in a thin stream into the refrigerator. In consequence of the
described arrangement the water surrounding the pipe f¹ will, on account of its
being comparatively warm, prevent to formation of ice in this pipe; whereas, if
the said pipe were carried directly into the refrigerator, it would soon be stopped
up by ice. The cock or valve f³ is closed by the float f whenever the water-level
in A sinks to a certain point, and is thereby always kept submerged, so that no air
can enter by f into the refrigerator.
The water flowing into the refrigerator spreads out on the bottom d, and freezes
as it loses heat by evaporation. A solid block of ice is thus gradually formed,
filling the vessel to the height which may be desired, or to its very top.
The cover d being thereupon opened, the ice drops out; or, in case it should
adhere to the walls of the vessels, steam is admitted by the above-mentioned
steam-pipe à into the space between the lining & of the vessel and its outer wall,
whereby the block is quickly caused to become detached.
The packing of the door of the refrigerator may consist of two undivided rings
or strips of india-rubber or other suitable packing material, between which
water is admitted, as has already been described in the Specification of the Patent,
No. 1678, A.D. 1878.
The vessel B or absorber, containing the sulphuric acid, is, by preference, a
horizontal cylinder, within which a shaft provided with arms g rotates. These
arms serve to stir the acid and continually to mix the surface portion, as it absorbs
moisture, with the more concentrated portion at the bottom. The arms g, which
are with advantage made spoon-shaped, carry up acid along with them, and thus
promote the absorption of vapour. The absorber is provided with a water-jacket,
by means of which the acid, which would otherwise become hot by the absorbing
process, is kept cool.
The apparatus C serving for the reconcentration of the sulphuric acid, and the
tubular apparatus E for cooling the hot concentrated acid on its way to the absorber
by the diluted acid coming from the latter, are substantially the same as formerly.
The pipes h¹, h¹, serve to conduct the diluted acid from B to C, while the concen-
trated acid flows by the pipes h², h³, in the contrary direction. At P¹ and P²
pumps are placed by which the flow of the acid is controlled. The steam serving
to heat the acid in Centers at k¹ into a series of serpentine tubes, while the water
produced by condensation is allowed to flow off, or is returned to the boiler by a
tube attached at k². At 1, 2, a gauge-glass and instruments for indicating the
temperature and the degree of concentration of the acid may be fixed.
All parts of the different apparatuses which are in contact with acid, and the
pipes by which they communicate with each other, must be made of, or lined, or
covered with a material incorrodible by the acid. As such material lead is
preferred.
:
The air-pump by which the vacuum is created in the refrigerators may also
be connected at with the concentrating apparatus, or, if preferred, another air- 4
pump may be used for extracting air and vapour from the latter. When the
improved compound air-pump described in the Patent Specification No. 1801,
A.D. 1880, is used for maintaining the vacuum in the refrigerators; ice may be
produced even without the medium of sulphuric acid, so that in such case the
absorber B and the concentrating-apparatus C, together with the appertaining 5
parts, may be dispensed with. On the other hand, when the absorber is used, any
other well designed air-pump might be employed. For attaining the highest degree
of efficiency it is, however, requisite to make use of the said compound air-pump
and of the combination shown by the Drawing.
The described combined apparatus may also be made serviceable for cooling 5
water without freezing it, by admitting the same more rapidly into the refrigerators

page_text: and drawing it off before it is converted into ice. Also liquids whose freezing
point is very low can be cooled by the apparatus to a temperature below the
freezing point of water, so that they may serve as a freezing medium.
Having thus described the nature and object of this Invention, and the manner
in which it is to be carried out in practice as communicated to me by my corre-
spondent, I hereby claim as new and important features of the same,-
"
1. The combination with a refrigerator A, when operating together with an air-
pump, of the reservoir A¹, the pipes f, f', and f, a cock or valve f³, and a float
f2, as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
2. The combination with a refrigerator A of the lining ô, between which and
the wall of A. steam can be admitted, as described and for the purpose stated.
3. The combination with a refrigerator A provided with reservoir A', pipes
fff, cock or valve f³ and float f³, and working together with an air-pump,
of the absorber B containing sulphuric acid, and of the concentrating-apparatus C
heated by steam-pipes and connected with an air-pump, as described and for the
purpose specified.
4. The combination with a refrigerator A provided with the parts A³, ƒ‚ƒ³,
ff, and f, and working together with an air-pump, an absorber B, and a
concentrating-apparatus C, of the tubular apparatus E, substantially as and. for
the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Carl Pieper, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Tenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
CARL PIEPER. (L.S.)