IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR THE CAMP OR FIELD
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of Southampton Buildings, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS,
MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR THE CAMP OR FIELD." A communica-
tion from abroad by Johann Peyer, of Neu Waehring, near Vienna, in the
Austrian Empire.
Sealed the 3rd December 1878, and dated the 11th June 1878.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th June 1878.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR THE
CAMP OR FIELD." [A communication from abroad by Johann Peyer, of Neu
Waebring, near Vienna, in the Austrian Empire.]
According to the present Invention bakers' ovens, specially adapted for use in the
camp or field, are constructed as follows.
A series of vertical sheet-iron or steel ribs are connected together by horizontal
tie bolts, arranged in zig-zag positions, and the spaces between them are closed in
by corrugated sheet metal passing alternately over and under the tie bolts. The
ribs with the tie bolts and corrugated metal being secured together in sections thus
form a series of girders, which being placed side by side constitute the enclosure for
the oven, which is covered in with earth to any required depth to prevent loss of
heat by radiation. The greater portion of each rib being imbedded in the earth
outside the corrugated metal covering they are prevented from being injuriously
affected by the heat. The said ribs may be entirely straight and horizontal, con-
nected at the ends to vertical walls forming the sides of the oven, such walls being
either also of sheet metal with angle iron base, or they may be of brickwork. If
made of sheet metal they may be advantageously made of a tough shape with
internal angle iron for affording increased lateral strength, and also to form the
side walls of two contiguous ovens.

page_text: When the ribs are formed straight, as described, they are also strengthened at
the ends by longitudinal stringer plates which take a bearing in a groove formed in
the trough-shaped sides.
The ribs may also be made of a curved form so as to dispense with separate sides,
the ends of the ribs being made to rest on the ground. In this case either the
entire ribs may be curved, or by preference the top and sides are straight, and con-
nected by a band at the corner.
The front and back ends of the oven are closed in by sheet iron, the front being
by preference made double, with the intervening space filled in with earth or ashes.
It is provided with the charging opening closed by a sheet-iron door hung by a
hooked upper edge on to one or other of two rails fixed on the front plate. At the
back end are provided two openings, through which the products of combustion and
vapour pass into a smoke box, on to which is fixed a metal chimney, increasing
somewhat in diameter towards the upper end, and terminating in a cowl, which
can be turned. according to the direction of the wind. It is also provided with a
regulating slide or throttle valve. The floor of the oven is laid with tiles in the
usual manner.
If desired the oven may be constructed with two baking chambers, one above the
other, in which case the before-described straight girder sections are made to form
the roof of the lower chamber and the floor of the upper one, which is also covered
in by similar sections. The said sections may be of any width convenient for
transport, that is, each section may consist either of only two ribs with their tie
bolts and corrugated metal covering, or it may consist of a number of ribs con-
nected together.
In fixing the oven in position the sections are placed closely side by side, and the
contiguous outer edges of the ribs of two sections are covered by a trough-shaped
iron, so as to effectually close the joint.
Should the corrugated metal of any one section become defective it can be readily
replaced, without having to remove the section, by placing a new length of cor-
rugated metal over the tie bolts from the outside.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
December 1878.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR THE
CAMP OR FIELD." A communication from abroad by Johann Peyer, of Neu
Wachring, near Vienna, in the Austrian Empire.
According to the present Invention bakers' ovens, specially adapted for use in the
camp or field, are constructed as follows, having reference to the accompanying
Drawings, in which,-
Fig. 1 represents a cross section of a baker's oven with a curved top.
Fig. 2 represents a cross section of a baker's oven provided with a straight top
and angle-iron feet.
Fig. 3 shews a cross section of two contiguous bakers' ovens with two stories and
with the sides of the brickwork.
Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively a longitudinal section and a plan view of a
baker's oven, as represented in Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a view of the front end of the oven, and Fig. 7 of the door to the
charging opening.
Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 show to an enlarged scale different arrangements of the
corrugated sheet metal.
The main parts of such a baker's oven are the top A, constructed of corrugated
sheet metal resting on the feet or base B; the back wall C, with a special arrange-
ment for conducting off the gaseous products of combustion and vapour; and the
front wall D with the charging opening, which parts may be taken to pieces to
facilitate their transport.
A series of vertical sheet-iron or steel ribs a (Figs. 8 and 9) are connected
together by horizontal tie bolts m, m, arranged in zig-zag positions, and the spaces
between them are closed in by corrugated sheet metal b passing alternately over
and under the tie bolts m. The ribs with the tie bolts and corrugated metal being
secured together in sections thus form a series of girders, which being placed side
by side constitute the enclosure for the oven, which is covered with earth to any
required depth to prevent loss of heat by radiation. The greater portion of each
rib a being imbedded in the earth, outside the corrugated metal covering, they are
prevented from being injuriously affected by the heat. The said ribs a may be
entirely straight and horizontal, connected at the ends to vertical walls forming the
sides of the oven, such walls being either also of sheet metal with angle-iron base
(Fig. 2), or they may be of brickwork, and then they may be made of two stories
(Fig. 3). If made of sheet metal the feet B (Figs. 2 and 9) may be advantageously
made of a trough shape (Figs. 2 and 9), with internal T shaped angle iron q for
affording increased lateral strength, and also to form the side walls c of two con-
tiguous ovens connected by the base plate d and the angle irons e.
When the ribs a are formed straight, as described, they are also strengthened at
the ends by longitudinal stringer plates a', which take a bearing in a groove formed
in the trough-shaped sides by means of the flat iron o, p, and angle iron n.
The ribs u may also be made of a curved form (Figs. 1 and 8) so as to dispense
with separate sides, the ends of the ribs being made to rest on the ground. The
ends or feet B are constructed of the base plates d and angle iron e, or only of a
single wide angle iron. In this case either the entire ribs may be curved, or, by
preference, the top and sides are straight and connected by a bend at the corner.
The construction of the back ends C and front ends D, which to secure tight
connection are hung by means of V shaped frames over the top ribs, is for all such
bakers' ovens quite the same as shown in elevation at Figs. 6 and 7, in section in
Fig. 4, and in plan view in Fig. 5. These front ends D and back ends C of the
oven are closed in by sheet iron, the front being by preference made double, with
'
.

page_text: the intervening space u filled in with earth or ashes. It is provided with the
charging opening n closed by a sheet-iron door 8 standing in a rebate provided in
the front plate, and hung by a hooked upper edge on to one or other of rails or
hooks t (Fig. 6) fixed on the front plate. At the back end C are provided two
openings or flues f, with preference of the shape, shown, through which the products
of combustion and vapour pass into a smoke box g, on to which is fixed a metal
chimney h, increasing somewhat in diameter towards the upper end, and termi-
nating in a hood or coil i, which can be turned according to the direction of the
wind. It is also provided with a regulating slide k and bar 7 (Fig. 4), or throttle
valve k¹ (Fig. 2). The floor of the oven is laid with tiles in the usual manner.
If desired the oven may be constructed with two baking chambers, one above
the other, as already mentioned, in which case the before-described straight girder
sections are made to form the roof of the lower chamber and the floor of the upper
one, which is also covered in by similar sections. The said sections may be of any
width convenient for transport, that is, each section may consist either of only two
ribs with their tie bolts and corrugated metal covering, or it may consist of a
number of ribs connected together.
In fixing the oven in position the sections are placed closely side by side, and the
contiguous outer edges of the ribs of two sections are covered by a trough-shaped
iron, so as to effectually close the joint.
Should the corrugated metal 6 of any one section become defective it can be
readily replaced without having to remove the section by placing a new length of
corrugated metal b over the tie bolts m from the outside, as shown in Fig. 10 of
the accompanying Drawing.
Fig. 11 shows modified forms of sheet metal b and cross bars m.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I
claim,―
First. The construction of bakers' ovens with the top or cover formed of corru-
gated sheet metal, substantially as described.
Second. The use, for the construction of bakers' ovens, of enclosures composed of
metal ribs at distances apart tied together by bolts or distance pieces, over which
corrugated sheet metal is laid, substantially as herein described.
Third. The arrangement for carrying off the gaseous products of combustion, sub-
stantially as described, and shown in Figs. 2 and 4 of the Drawings.
Fourth. The general construction and arrangement of bakers' ovens described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Denton Abel, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Tenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
T
ADDL
СПАВ
CHAR, D. ABEL. (L.S.)