New or Improved Machinery for Making Moulds for Casting Metals.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 22nd July, 1890-Accepted, 23rd Aug., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Machinery for Making Moulds for Casting
Metals.
We JOSEPH BREEDEN AND COMPANY LIMITED of New Mill Works Fazeley Street
Birmingham in the County of Warwick Manufacturers and FRANCIS BREEDEN of
New Mill Works aforesaid Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention
to be as follows:-
The said invention relates particularly to moulds formed of sand and in two parts
or halves the said half moulds being formed in and carried by half mould boxes
moulds of the kind described being largely employed by brassfounders and inanu-
facturers of fittings generally. Moulds made according to the said invention may
however be used for casting a great variety of other articles in other metals.
The said invention has for its object to make the said moulds by mechanical means
instead of by hand labour by which they are at present generally made.
The new or improved machinery constituting the said invention is constructed sub-
stantially as follows
On the foundation of the machine and at a height convenient for the manipulations
of the attendant a pair of parallel rails is supported on which rails a carrier travels the
said carrier being of a size and shape suitable for the reception of the mould boxes in
which the moulds are to be made. Motion is given to the said carrier by means
of a cross bar carried by a horizontal endless chain under the rails coming in
contact with lugs on the underside of the carrier. The essential parts that is the
parts principally concerned in the formation of the said half moulds are receptacles
for sand with rotating vanes at their open bottom ends which being put into
operation at the required times delivers the sand into the half mould boxes together
with mallets or rammers by which the sand is consolidated and made to form the
required accurate impression of the model and a roller and scraper by which after
the delivering and ramming and consolidation of the sand any excess of sand is
scraped off and the surface of the sand levelled to the depth of the half mould
box. These parts are combined with and operate in conjunction with subordinate
parts which we will describe in connection with the manufacture of a mould. As
a mould consists of two half moulds formed in exactly the same way we will only
describe the making of a half mould.
We make in the ordinary way what is technically called an odd side which we
put into the machine and from this odd side we make the first half mould.
The odd side prepared in the ordinary way and having a half mould box placed on it
is put in the carrier of the machine and dusted to prevent the adhesion of the sand.
The carrier and odd side are advanced in the machine and travel under two of the
While
said receptacles the first containing fine sand and the second coarse sand.
travelling under the first receptacle the vanes in the said receptacle are put in motion
and a layer of fine sand is deposited in the half mould box on the odd side. Passing
under the second receptacle a layer of coarse sand is deposited on the half mould box
by the rotation of the vanes of the said second receptacle. Advancing still further in
the machine the said odd side and half mould box are brought under a pair of raminers
which being raised and falling as hereinafter explained ram the sand in the half
mould box. The first of the said rammers operates on the sand so as to compress
the sand generally and the second rammer operates principally on the sand at the
longer sides of the mould.
The odd side and half inould box making a further advance come under another
sand hopper by the rotating vanes of which sufficient coarse sand is delivered into the
said box to form a pile rising to a level higher than the sides of the box. By a further

page_text: advance the piled sand is brought under the operation of a heavy mallet by which the
piled sand is consolidated. By a still further advance the piled and consolidated sand
is brought under the operation of a roller and scraper by which it is levelled to the
edge of the mould box. The odd side and half mould formed on it now only require
to be safely removed from the machine. This is effected by turning over a hinged
flap onto the surface of the sand to protect it taking hold of the odd side and half
mould with or without the carrier and lifting them from the machine.
The motions of the several moving parts are taken from a principal or driving shaft
driven by steam or other power. The motion of the endless chain is continuous and
is taken by band or other gearing from the driving shaft. The raising of the rammers
and mallet is effected by tappets on rotating shafts near the top of the machine the
said tappets engaging under the top ends of the stalks of the rammers and mallet
lifting them and then escaping from the said ends allowing the rammers and inallet to
fall. The rapidity of the descent of the rammers and mallet may be increased by
springs and their percussive action increased. The motion of the tappet shafts is
continuous but the raminers and mallet only operate at the required times. The
throwing of the rammers and mallet into and out of gear with the tappets at the
required times is thus effected. The upper parts of the stalks of the raminers and
mallets pass through guides which guides are capable of moving up and down.
When the rammers and mallet are not required to move their stalks are held up out
of the range of the rotating tappets by means of bolts which are removed free of the
stalks by the action of levers at the lower end of vertical shafts. These levers in their
normal position project into the path of the carrier springs bringing them into this
position when they are at liberty to move. The tops of the stalks of the rammers and
mallet are then beyond the range of the tappets and they are at rest. As the carrier
comes against the levers described they are forced aside and the angular motion of
the shaft brings the stalks of the rammers and mallet within the range of the tappets
and the rammers and mallet are set in motion. When the carrier has passed off the
arnis described they are brought into their normal position and the rammers and
mallet come to rest. By this arrangement the rammers work only when the mould
box is under them and the mallet only when the mould box is under it. Similarly
with respect to the supply of sand the vanes only rotate when the mould is under
then their rotation being effected by racks on the carrier gearing by the motion of
the said carrier with pinions on the shafts of the vanes.
Dated this 30th day of October 1880
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicante.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Machinery for Making Moulds for Casting Metals.
We JOSEPH BREEDEN AND COMPANY LIMITED of New Mill Works Fazeley Street
Birmingham in the County of Warwick Manufacturers and FRANCIS BREEDEN of
New Mill Works aforesaid Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of the said
invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The said invention relates particularly to moulds formed of sand and in two parts
or halves the said half moulds being formed in and carried by half mould boxes;
moulds of the kind described being largely employed by brass founders and manu-
facturers of fittings generally. Moulds made according to the said invention may
however be used for casting a great variety of other articles in other inetal.
The said invention has for its object to make the said moulds by mechanical means
instead of by hand labour by which they are at present generally made.
The new or improved machinery constituting the said invention is constructed
substantially as follows:-
On the foundation of the machine and at a height convenient for the manipulations
of the attendant, a pair of parallel rails is supported on which rails a carrier travels

page_text: the said carrier being of a size and shape suitable for the reception of the mould boxes
in which the moulds are to be made. Motion is given to the said carrier by means
of a cross bar carried by a horizontal endless chain under the rails coming in contact
with lugs on the underside of the carrier. The essential parts that is the parts
principally concerned in the formation of the said half moulds are receptacles for sand
with rotating vanes at their open bottom ends which being put into operation at the
required times deliver the sand into the half mould boxes; together with mallets or
rammers by which the sand is consolidatod and made to form the required accurate
impression of the model and a roller and scraper by which after the delivering and
ramming and consolidation of the sand any excess of sand is scraped off and the
surface of the sand levelled to the depth of the half would box. These parts are
combined with and operate in conjunction with subordinate parts which we will
describe in connection with the manufacture of a mould. As a mould consists of
two half moulds formed in exactly the same way we will only describe the making
of a half mould.
We make in the ordinary way what is technically called an "odd side" which
we put into the machine and from this "odd side" we make the first half mould.
The odd side" prepared in the ordinary way and having a half mould box placed
on it is put in the carrier of the machine and dusted to prevent the adhesion of the
sand. The carrier and "odd side" are advanced in the machine and travel under
two of the said receptacles the first containing fine sand and the second coarse sand.
While travelling under the first receptacle the vanes in the said receptacle are put in
motion and a layer of fine sand is deposited in the half mould box on the odd side.
Passing under the second receptacle a layer of coarse sand is deposited in the half
mould box by the rotation of the vanes of the said second receptacle. Advancing
still further in the machine the said odd side and half mould box are brought under
a pair of rammers which being raised and falling as hereinafter explained ram the
sand in the half mould box. The first of the said rammers operates on the sand so as
to compress the sand generally and the second rammer operates principally on the
sand at the longer sides of the mould. The "odd side" and half mould box making
a further advance come under another sand hopper by the rotating vanes of which
sufficient coarse sand is delivered into the said box to form a pile rising to a level
higher than the sides of the box. By a further advance the piled sand is brought
under the operation of a heavy mallet by which the piled sand is consolidated. By a
still further advance the piled and consolidated sand is brought under the operation of
a roller and scraper by which it is levelled to the edge of the mould box.
odd side and half mould formed on it now only require to be safely removed from the
imachine.
The
The motions of the several moving parts are taken from a principal or driving shaft
driven by steam or other power. The motion of the endless chain is continuous and
is taken by band or other gearing from the driving shaft. The raising of the hammers
and mallet is effected by tappets on rotating shafts near the top of the machine, the
said tappets engaging under the top ends of the stalks of the ramuiers and mallet
lifting them and then escaping from the said onds allowing the rammers and mallet to
fall. The rapidity of the descent of the rammers and mallet may be increased by
springs and their percussive action increased. The motion of the tappet shafts is
continuous but the raminers and mallet only operate at the required times. The
throwing of the rammers and mallet into and out of gear with the tappets at the
required times is thus effected. The upper parts of the stalks of the rammers and
mallets pass through guides. When the rammers and mallet are not required to move
their stalks are held up out of the range of the rotating tappets by means of catches
or bolts which are removed free of the stalks by the action of levers at the lower
end of vertical shafts. These levers in their normal position project into the path of
the carrier springs bringing them into this position when they are at liberty to move.
The tops of the stalks of the rammers and mallet are then beyond the range of the
tappets and they are at rest. As the carrier comes against the levers described they
are forced aside and the angular motion of the shaft brings the stalks of the rammers

page_text: and mallet within the range of the tappets and the rammers and mallet are set in
motion. When the carrier has passed off the arms described they are brought into
their normal position and the rainmers and mallet come to rest. By this arrangement
the rammers work only when the mould box is under them and the mallet only when
the mould box is under it. Similarly with respect to the supply of sand the
vanes only rotate when the mould is under them their rotation being effected by
racks on the carrier gearing by the motion of the said carrier with pinions on the
shafts of the vanos.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings tho
manner in which the said invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents the new or improved machinery in side elevation and
Figure 2 represents the same in end elevation taken at the entrance end of the
machine; Figure 3 represents the said machinory partly in side elevation and
partly in longitudinal section with one of the uprights carrying a portion of the
mechanism represented in Figure 1 removed. The mould box carrier is also removed
in Figure 3; Figure 4 represents an ond elevation of the machinery taken at the exit
end or at the opposite end of the machinery to that represented in Figure 2; Figure 5
represents a plan of the machinery; Figure 6 represents a side elevation of parts of
the machinery exhibiting details not shown in the other Figures and Figure 7
represents plans of the two rammers and the mallet and portions of the mechanism
used for holding them out of action and for releasing them at the proper times as
hereinafter explained.
The same lotters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of the
Drawings.
"
a, a are the two parallel uprights of the machine between which the parts are
situated and work and on which they are supported: 6 is the carrier in which the
half mould box and "odd side or moulding pattern e are placed for the formation
of a half mould. The said carrier b is shown in the end elevations Figures 2 and 4
and in the partial side elevation Figure 6. The said carrier bis supported and slides
on the parallel rails or supports a² a² (see Figures 2 and 4) made on the uprights aa;
c is the horizontal endless chain working over the chain wheels c c at the ends of
the machine. To the axis of the chain wheel c rotatory motion is given in the manner
hereinafter described for communicating a slow continuous advancing motion to the
said endless chain c and parts connected to it. By means of this endless chain c the
required travelling motion of the carrier b from the entrance ond A of the machino to
the exit end B is effected. The motion is given to the carrier b by means of the cross
bar fixed to the endless chain c coming against lugs be on the underside of the
carrier b (see Figures 2 and 4). The carrier b in which the half mould box 65 and
"odd side" e are placed is made to travel by the motion of the endless chain c in
succession under the mouths of the sand hoppers f and g; tho pair of rammers h, i;
the third sand hopper ; the large rammer or mallet ; the roller m and scraper p,
the said parts being situated between the uprights a, a of the machine. Each of the
sand hoppers, g, k is open at bottom and near the open bottom, rotating sand
deliverers are situated. Each sand deliverer is of the same construction and consists
of rotating vanes f, g, (see Figure 3) fixed on the axes f, g, ³. The vanes
extend across the hoppers (see Figure 2) and virtually divide the bottom part of the
sand hopper into three parts the sand between two of the vanes being delivered into
the mould box beneath the hopper as the axis carrying the vanes rotates through the
third of a circle. The rotating vanes or sand deliverers are moved through the angle
necessary to deliver the required quantity of sand to the mould box by means of the toothed
gearing f, g, operated by a horizontal rack 63 on one edge of the travelling
carrier (see Figures 2 and 6). The hammers h, i and mallet & work on and are
guided by vertical ribs a³, a on the inner sides of the plates a fixed to the uprights a, a
(see the separate view of the rammers and mallot in Figure 7) and the said rammers
and mallet are provided with stalks 1, 2, upon which the tappet wheels ", ¿, lon
the parallel shafts q, operate to lift the said rammers and wallet at the proper times.
The first rammer his lifted by the small tappet wheel he and the second rammer i by
?"

page_text: 7"
The
the large tappat wheel situated side by side on the same shaft 7 (see Figures 4
and 5) and the third rammer or mallet is operated by the tappet wheel on the
parallel shaft the two shafts q, being geared together and made to rotate in the
same direction by the spur wheels 72, 73, 7. The tappets of the tappet wheels 4, 1º, to
lift the rammers by acting against the tops of the slots in the stalks, i, in which
slots they work (see Figure 3). The tappet wheels 1, 2, only operate upon and lift
the rainers after the latter have been released and have fallen by their weight to
press and consolidate the sand delivered into the half nould box. That is to say,
until the rammers are released by the travelling carrier they are held out of the
range of motion of the rotating tappet wheels h, 2, 1 and remain at rest.
mechanism for holding the rammers out of the range of the tappet wheels and for
releasing them at the proper times consists of the following parts. On the underside
of the travelling carrier b is a bar b which in succession operates upon a series of
levers and the latter upon bolts or catches by which the rammers and mallet are held
out of the range of action of the tappet wheels. The bolt or catch of the first
rammer h is marked t; the bolt or catch of the second rammer i is marked t² and the
bolt or catch of the third rammer or mallet is marked t³ (best seen in Figure 7).
These bolts or catches are situated on the tops of the vertical shafts or axes t, tt, tt.
turning in the bearings best seen in the side elevation Figure 1. On the lower end of
each of these vertical shafts t' is a cranked arm or lever marked respectively t³, 1, 17.
The shape of these cranked arms or levers will be understood by referring to the
eranked arın or lever t' represented in Figure 4. It is by the successive action of the
bar b on the travelling carrier 6 upon the lower arms or levers t, to, t so as to turn
aside the said arms or levers and give a partial rotation to the shafts t, t, t that
the bolts or catches t, t2, 3 are in succession withdrawn from the rammers and mallet
and the said rammers and mallet released and allowed to fall. As soon as the carrier b
has passed the rammer or mallet it has released, the bar + no longer operating on the
bent lever to or to or t¹ the said lever, its shaft and bolt or catch return to their normal
positions by the action of a coiled spring and on the lifting of the rainmer or mallet
by the tappet wheel the bolt or catch again snaps into the raminer or mallet and holds
it in its out of range position and it remains at rest until released by the carrier for
the making of a second half mould. The coiled springs for giving the return motions
to the respective bolt or catch mechanisms of the rammers and mallet are marked ts,to
and to in Figures 6 and 7. The continuous advance motion is given to the endless
chain c and to the carrier propelled by it and rotation given to the tappet shafts r
and s in the following manner. The shaft r constitutes the driving shaft and is
provided with the usual fast and loose pulleys. On the shaft r is a worm u which
gears with the worm wheel u² on the top of the inclined shaft u³ the bottom of which
carries the bevil wheel at which gears with the bevil wheel u on the shaft of the end
chain wheel c². By the motion thus transmitted to the shaft of the chain wheel c² a
slow continuous motion is given to the endless chain c and to the carrier on it by the
cross bar c on the endless chain bearing against the lugs 62 63 on the said carrier
as before described.
?'
On the shaft is the tappet wheel and also the spur wheel 2 which drives through
the intermediate spur wheel 3 gearing with the spur wheel the parallel shaft q on
which the two tappet wheels are fixed.
The action of the machinery for forming the first half mould is as follows:-
The half mould box together with the "odd side" or patterne having been dusted in
the ordinary way are put in the carrierband the latter placed on the rails or supports a²²
at the entrance end A. of the machine in front of the cross barct on the endless chain cand
the carrierb is advanced in the machine in thedirection of the arrow by the action of the
said cross bar ct upon the lugs 62, 62 on the said carrier. As the carrier b travels under
the first hopper or receptacle f containing fine sand the action of the rack of the said
carrier upon the toothed wheels f gives rotation to the said wheels and to the vanes f+
and causes the latter to deliver a measured quantity of sand from the said hopper into
the half mould box. A layer of fine sand thereby deposited in the half mould box

page_text: placed on the "odd side" or pattern. The carrier b next passes under the second
hopper or receptacle g containing coarse sand and the vanes 9' of that hopper are
operated in a similar manner and a layer of coarse sand is deposited in the half
mould box. By the further advance of the carrier b in the direction indicated by the
arrow the "odd side" and half mould box are brought in succession under the two
rammers h, which are in succession released and allowed to fall by the withdrawal
by the mechanisın herein before described of the holding up bolts or catches. By the
fall of the first rammer the sand is lightly compressed or consolidated and by the
fall of the second rammer i the sand is further consolidated and made harder. By
the continued advance of the carrier b the half mould box 65 is brought under the
third hopper by which it receives a further quantity of sand sufficient to stand above
the sides of the half mould box the vanes er sand deliverers in the said third
hopper being operated in the same way as those in the hoppers f and g. The further
advance of the carrier 6 brings the filled mould box under the large rammer or
mallet which being released in the manner herein before described falls and
consolidates the sand last delivered and further consolidates the sand previously
delivered in the half mould box. The carrier and the half mould in it thus made
now pass under the roller m by which the mould is held down while it passes under
the scraper p which scraper clears the mould of loose sand or levels the sand to the
top of the mould box.
The scraper p is fixed on the oscillating arms p² and is held to its work by the
coiled spring p³ as represented in Figure 6. The half mould having been thus made
and brought to the exit end B it only requires to be safely removed from the machine.
This is effected by turning over a hinged flap onto the surface of the sand to protect
it, taking hold of the "odd side" and half mould, with or without the carrier,
and lifting them from the machine. The same or a second carrier having been
placed on the guides or rails a² a² and connected with the endless chain cat the
entrance end A of the machine the operations herein before described are repeated and
a second half mould made and so on. -
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed we wish it to be
understood that we claim as the said invention of "New or improved machinery for
making moulds for casting metals
First. Machinery for the purpose described consisting essentially of an endless
chain or band for giving motion to a sliding carrier in which the half mould box and
"odd side" or pattern of the half mould are placed, the advance motion of the endless
chain or band causing the carrier and half mould box to be brought in succession,
first, under the open bottoms of two hoppers or sand receptacles by which layers of
sand are deposited in the half mould box; next under rammers by the fall of which
the sand in the half mould box is rammed and consolidated; next, under a third sand
hopper by which a further layer of sand is deposited upon the consolidated sand in
the half mould box; next, under a third rammer or inallet by which the consolidation
of the sand in the half mould box is completed and finally passing the carrier and
half mould thus made under a holding down roller and scraper, the several parts of
the machinery being constructed and arranged and operating substantially as herein
before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The arrangement or combination of parts herein before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings for causing the advance motion of the
sliding carrier to operate upon rotating vanes in the sand hoppers for delivering a
measured quantity of sand at the proper times into the half mould box.
Thirdly. The arrangement of the tappet wheels herein before described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings for lifting the rammers and mallet of the machinery in
combination with the mechanism herein before described and illustrated for releasing
the rammers and mallet at the proper times and for holding them out of the range of
the rotating tappet wheels.

page_text: Fourthly. The arrangement or combination of the parts of the gearing hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings for giving a continuous
advancing motion to the endless chain or band working the sliding carrier and for
giving motion to the rotating tappet wheels.
Dated the 21st day of Tulu 1900
JOSEPH BREEDEN & COMPANY, LIMITED,
By Joseph Breeden, Junr., Secretary.
FRANCIS BREEDEN.