matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IM- PROVEMENTS IN IGNITION FUSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Arthur. Chandor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th April 1874.-A communication from abroad by William
Augustus Leonard, of Boston, State of Massachusetts, in the
United States of America, Chemist.
I, JOHN ARTHUR CHANDOR, of the City of New York, in the United
States of America, but at present of 14, Southampton Buildings, London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN IGNITION FUSES," a communication to me from abroad by
William Augustus Leonard, of Boston, State of Massachusetts, in the
United States of America, Chemist, to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to ignition fuses suitable for lighting lamps of
every description, whether oil, gas, vapour, or candle lamps, for lighting
fires in stoves and fire-grates of all kinds, for lighting cigars, and
generally for all purposes where it is required to ignite or inflame com-
bustible materials or substances in an effectual and expeditious manner
without the necessity for the employment of ordinary or other matches.

page_text: The essential feature of my said Invention consists in the use of
collodion compounds or their equivalents (such for example as are
known as xylodine and pyroxyline), by preference in the form of hard
strips, which strips are coated or covered either over the whole or a
portion of their surface with any suitable or well known friction match
composition. The collodion compound may if desired be mixed with a
resinous or other inflammable or gummy substance of a less combustible
nature than collodion, in order that the improved ignition fuse may burn
not only with the degree of intensity required, but for a sufficient length
of time to insure the complete ignition of the wick or other combustible
substance intended to be ignited. The said fuse strips may be moulded
or otherwise formed entirely of collodion compound, or the said com-
pound may be applied to the surface of any other material to be used as
the foundation or base for the fuse, the friction match composition being
afterwards applied thereto either by pressure in moulds or otherwise. A
coating of collodion may be finally applied over the surface of the match
composition to render it impervious to moisture.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BALLOONS, AND IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE THERETO
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Simmons at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
September 1874.
I, JOSEPH SIMMONS, of Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BALLOONS, AND IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE THERETO,"
to be as follows :—
This-Invention relates to the construction of balloons designed to be
inflated by hot air, and consists,-
Firstly. In placing the base of the chimney or flue, and the flame or
fire upon any I
(metallic or fireproof seat or support, at the level of the
"bottom pole" or lower extremity of the main envelope or bag of the
balloon, thereby furnishing the means of passing the hot air into the
balloon and preventing the atmospheric air which has not passed through
the fire from surrounding the chimney; said chimney being entirely
within the balloon, but being fixed immediately on the envelope of the
balloon, and not in the car.
Secondly. This consists in applying to the car of the balloon wheels
and an axle or other ordinary means of locomotion in order to obviate the
necessity of lifting the car from the ground,

page_text: Thirdly. In making the top pole, or apex, or crown of the balloon
open, in order to place the heating apparatus in the central open space,
and afterwards raising the crown of the balloon by means of a single
ladder having a pulley, and held in position by guy ropes, and tying or
drawing, or fixing together the top of the balloon over the chimney,
leaving no means of escape for air.
Fourthly. In the conversion of the pole and bar which may
vided to draw the apparatus as a grappling iron.
be pro-
Fifthly. The use of a force pump or pumps with elongated bottom
tube to raise the fuel from its position on the level of the car to the 1
required level of the supply to the furnace or lamp.
And, Sixthly. The use of vessels or measures to hold a separate
supply of fuel in order to reduce the danger of having a large quantity
of fuel in one vessel.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Kenyon and James
Kenyon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd September 1874.
We, JOHN HENRY KENYON and JAMES KENYON, both of Blackburn,
in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in placing on or near one or more of the carding
rollers or the dirt roller a presser roller which rests on the carding or dirt
roller and revolves with it. The presser roller may also be stationary,
in which case it must be placed close to but not in contact with
the wire of the roller with which it works, but I prefer the presser
roller to revolve.
The object of this Invention is to lay the fibres on the carding or dirt
roller or rollers, thus greatly improving the carding, also to force the
dirt into the wire of the said roller or rollers, thus partially fastening
the dirt in the wire and preventing it from being carried forward by the
main cylinder, which considerably improves the carding of the fibres,
economises manual labour in cleaning, and reduces waste.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF METALLIC SPRING MATTRESSES, SOPHAS, OTTOMANS, CHAIRS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Atole Norbert Corroyer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th July 1874.-A communication from abroad by Victor Joseph
Desoulter, residing at Amiens, France, Merchant.
I, ATOLE NORBERT CORROYER, of Amiens, France, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF METALLIC SPRING MATTRESSES, SOPHAS, OTTOMANS, CHAIRS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
OF FURNITURE," communicated to me by Victor Joseph Desoulter, a
person resident at Amiens, France, Merchant, to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to improvements in the construction of metallic
spring mattresses, sophas, ottomans, chairs, and other articles of furni-
ture, and consists in using springs made of steel, flat blades enrolled in
the shape of a spiral, in order to form the body of the mattress or seat.
The lower parts of this spiral and the ends of the same, curved in the
shape of a ring, are fixed to wooden cross bars attached to the frame

page_text: of the mattress or seat. The upper spires are kept in position apart
from one another by means of a steel flat blade riveted to the said
spires. The upper surface of the mattress or seat is covered with
longitudinal steel flat blades, the ends of which are fixed to the end
cross bars of the frame of the mattress or seat:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR HEATING BY MEANS OF HOT WATER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Strugnell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1874.
I, ALFRED STRUGNELL, M.A., of St. Jude's Vicarage, Bethnal Green,
in the County of Middlesex, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS
FOR HEATING BY MEANS OF HOT WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction
of hot water apparatus by means of which buildings, apartments, and
other places can be heated by the employment of a very small quantity
of water, and the consequent consumption of a comparatively much less
quantity of fuel than has been necessary with the arrangements
previously employed. The principle involved is that of employing a
very small quantity of water in such a manner that the same will
impart its heat to a large extent of heating or radiating surface.
The simplest form of apparatus embraced by this Invention consists of
two cylinders of iron or any other suitable metallic substance, the same
being placed concentrically. The difference between the lengths of the

page_text: radii of the respective cylinders is only such that a very small space is
left between the latter, a cell or receptacle being thus constituted for
the reception of the water, and which will contain a very thin lamina
only of water between the cylinders. There are thus two extended
radiating surfaces provided which are exposed to the influence of the
water, the latter being heated with great rapidity by reason of the
smallness of its quantity. The heated water may be supplied to the cell
or receptacle from a boiler suitably arranged for that purpose as will be
well understood.
The apparatus is especially applicable in cases in which it is desired it
should be portable, in which form it is very valuable for the use of
invalids, and in greenhouses, and under many circumstances in which
portability is desirable.
Instead of employing two concentric cylinders only as herein-before
mentioned, a series of pairs of concentric cylinders may be used and the
same principles may be applied, and similar advantages obtained by
many analogous methods of construction, as for instance by means of
spiral or convoluted or corrugated surfaces, or by pipes or congeries of
pipes, the relative proportions of the quantity of water and the extent of
heating surface being-preserved.
An important advantage connected with the apparatus embraced by
this Invention is that it can be readily and conveniently used for the
vaporization of water, which may if desired be medicated or impregnated
with substances which will give the aqueous vapour evolved disinfecting
or restorative properties.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COATING OR PLATING WITH COPPER BOILERS AND BOILER PLATES OF IRON
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Unwin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th October
1874.
I, JOHN UNWIN, of Rockingham Street, Sheffield, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF COATING OR PLATING WITH COPPER BOILERS AND BOILER PLATES OF
IRON," to be as follows:-
The nature of my said Invention for the plating of steam and other
boilers and boiler plates, by the process commonly known as the electro-
deposition of copper upon iron process. The manner in which I perform
the same is by cleaning the interior of the boiler or the boiler plates by
the aid of acids and alkalies; for that purpose the interior of the boiler
is well cleansed with sulphuric acid and sand, after which the boiler is
washed with any alkaline solution or dry lime, after which it is filled with

page_text: a solution of cyanide of copper, ammoniuret of copper, or any com-
bination of the same, or any double salt of copper, and the copper from
this solution is deposited by electro-magnetism or the voltaic battery in
the usual manner of coating iron with copper or such metals as are
electro-positive to iron.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
March 1874.
I, JOHN HARRISON, of Louth, in the County of Lincoln, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR
SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention relates to signalling on railways, and has for its object
to prevent the signals when set against the advance of a train escaping
the notice of the engine driver, as frequently happens owing to fog,
carelessness, or other cause.
According to my Invention I supplement the ordinary semaphore or
visible signal with an audible signal or signals so as to call the attention
of the driver to the visible signal if the latter is at " danger" and
prevent its being passed unnoticed. For this purpose I provide
mechanical means of placing explosive signals on the rails when the
semaphore signal is at "danger," and for removing the same when the
line is signalled "all clear."

page_text: I provide one or more sliding rods or holders, each fitted in a guide
placed on the ground at right angles to one of the rails, over which the
end of said holder (which carries a detonating or fog signal) is caused
to project by the movement of a slotted plate, inclined bar or surface,
or its equivalent, working in connection with said holder and operating
the same; said inclined surface, slotted plate, or equivalent device being
fitted to move in guides and connected to and worked by the same gear
as that used for working the semaphore signal, or by independent gear if
preferred.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS FOR STEAM BOATS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th February 1874.-A communication from abroad by
James Wilson, of Kingston, Canada, Gentleman.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS FOR
STEAM BOATS," a communication, to be as follows :-
:-
This Invention relates to a propelling wheel for steam boats, and in
which the buckets are attached to an endless apron driven by the
ordinary driving shaft of the engine, the said apron operating over
wheels within a frame secured to the sides of the vessel, and the
apron wheels having projections which engage with the links forming
the apron chain.
Two endless chain wheels keyed on the driving shaft have projections
on their periphery which engage with the links of the apron chains.
The other chain wheels are keyed on an additional shaft which has its
bearings in a frame. Guide plates are secured to this frame on which
plates run friction wheels turning on axle bars that pass through the

page_text: links of the apron and through the bucket supports. There are also
bars passing through the link plates and bucket supports, and secured to
each end by a nut and screw. The buckets are secured transversely
between the bucket supports. The links of the chain are formed of a
series of plates, the ends overlapping and pivoted together by the afore-
said bars in such a manner as to pass over the chain wheels. When the
driving shaft is revolved the wheels turn therewith and operate the
apron, causing the buckets to be moved in a horizontal plane, the lower
ones passing through the water and thus causing the propulsion of the
vessel.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPLIANCES FOR WATER DRESSING FOR MEDICAL AND
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Robert Silvester, M.D., B.A., Lond., of
Clapham Common, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPLIANCES FOR WATER DRESSING FOR MEDICAL AND
"
UI
Clapham Common, in the County of Surrey, for the
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPLIANCES FOR WATER DRESSING FOR MEDICAL AND
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Robert Silvester
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd September 1874.
I, HENRY ROBERT SILVESTER, M.D., B.A., Lond., of Clapham
Common, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPLIANCES FOR WATER DRESSING
FOR MEDICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto surgical lint in its several forms has been applied wetted
with various fluids to the surface of the human body, and in order to
prevent evaporation a sheet of gutta percha tissue has been laid over its
surface and there loosely retained by a bandage.

page_text: The object of this Invention is to unite the gutta percha tissue or
other non-porous material inseparably with the lint so as to retard
evaporation from the lint and keep it in a moist condition for an
indefinite time.
The compound may be medicated and colored, and the lint may be
composed of textile fabric, as of cotton, flax, or oakum, or other
material, as felt or cloth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Robert Silvester in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th March 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
ROBERT SILVESTER, M.D., B.A., Lond., of Clapham Common, in the
County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto the said Henry Robert Silvester,
Her special licence that I, the said Henry Robert Silvester, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Henry Robert Silvester, executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPLIANCES FOR WATER
DRESSING FOR MEDICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Henry Robert Silvester, executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within

page_text: HENRY ROBERT SILVESTER. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND COCKS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Allan Haigh and John Holmes
Barrett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 31st March 1874.
We, ALLAN HAIGH, Cashier, and JoHN HOLMES BARRETT, Brass-
founder, both of Halifax, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND COCKS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of plug
taps or cocks for regulating and controlling the flow of water, gas, steam,
or fluids, and in the packing employed therein for preventing escape or
leakage, and for securing the plug being held in proper position within
the barrel. On or in the top of the barrel we cut or form a V groove or
recess or recesses, and a like groove or recess or recesses on the top or
uppermost part of the plug; within the cap or within the glands, as the
case may be, we place a disc having a face piece thereon. The disc is of
soft metal by preference lead mixed with antimony and bismuth in about
the proportion of one ounce of antimony to one pound of lead, and about
three drachms of bismuth. The disc on being placed over the spindle of

page_text: the plug rests on the angle formed by the V groove cut in the barrel,
and the face piece of the disc rests in like manner on the projecting
parts of the V groove cut in the upper part of the plug. On the cap or
glands being placed in position and screwed down, the angles of the
grooves above referred to cut into and embed themselves in the soft
metal packing, thus effectively precluding any escape or leakage. Taps
so made may have their caps or glands tightly screwed down, but do not
bind, being at all times readily turned or moved.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING AND CUTTING WOOD, METAL, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Maynes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th January
1874.
I, JOHN MAYNES, of Albert Works, West Gorton, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING AND CUTTING WOOD, METAL, AND
OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of a machine capable
of turning a single article, or two or more articles simultaneously, by
mounting the same between spindles which not only revolve round their
own axes in the ordinary manner of a lathe, but also have a slow rotary
motion round a fixed centre which is common to all the spindles. In
revolving round this fixed centre each article whilst rapidly revolving
upon
its spindles is brought in contact with a fixed tool or tools arranged
at a proper cutting angle at varying distances from such centre and from
each other, and thus by the time that a complete revolution of the
spindles round such common centre is performed the article is turned to
the shape required.

page_text: A machine embracing my improvements may be constructed as
follows: I take a shaft and mount it in suitable bearings, so as to
revolve by preference in a vertical position, and round this shaft I
arrange what may be termed annular revolving headstocks, which are
geared so as to revolve at a slower speed and independantly of such
shaft, but the revolving spindles in the upper headstock which carry
the forks or dogs are driven by means of straps passing round pulleys
upon intermediate spindles mounted in the same headstock, and geared
by means of toothed pinions with a spur wheel upon the central shaft.
The headstocks may be either geared to revolve simultaneously and yet
be capable of adjustment in distance from each other independantly of
the spindles, which are also adjustable; or the headstocks may be in one
piece or secured together, in which case the spindles carrying the centres
in the lower headstock are made adjustable.
The cutting tool or tools is or are fixed in a suitable stationery frame-
work by preference surrounding the circle which the spindles describe
in their revolution round the fixed centre, and thus the whole circum-
ference of the circle is available for fixing such tools at the proper
cutting angle, and at various distances from the centre and apart from
one another, so as to give the requisite form to the article being turned.
When it is deemed advisable to introduce the material to be turned,
and to withdraw the finished article without stopping the machine, I
employ a feeding wheel which holds the material about to be turned
whilst it is centred at each end, and then introduces the material at the
proper instant between the centres of the revolving headstocks by being
geared to the centre shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS USING TRAMWAY CARS OR OTHER VEHICLES, OR PASSING INTO OR FROM PUBLIC BUILDINGS OR OTHER PLACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Dolman and
Benjamin Benjamin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st April 1874.
We, GEORGE WILLIAM DOLMAN, of No. 67, Alma Street, New North
Road, Engineer, and BENJAMIN BENJAMIN, of No. 339, Hackney Road,
Manufacturer, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
INDICATING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS USING TRAMWAY CARS OR OTHER
VEHICLES, OR PASSING INTO OR FROM PUBLIC BUILDINGS OR OTHER PLACES," to be
as follows:-
In carrying out our improvements a series of arms are applied to an
axis capable of revolving. Each arm in succession for closing the passage
for admission or exit rises into a position to close such passage, whilst
the other arms are hanging out of the way, and so soon as a partial
rotation has been made to the axis by the turning of that axis for an
admission or exit, then the arm which closed the passage falls out of the
way and another rises to take its place. For this purpose each arm
turns upon an axis of motion towards one end, and each at that end is

page_text: operated by a stationary cam or tappet course, so that as the arms are
taken round their outer ends may be raised and lowered in succession, as
desired, rollers or trucks are applied at these ends of the lover arms to
work in the cam courses, and thereby reduce the friction of their
motion.
Jointed arms or links or connecting rods also act with the lever arms
to close the passage under them. A spring catch and clapper aro
applied to sound a bell or gong as the axis moves in one, or it may be
both directions to indicate to the attendant. Click and driver operating
wheelwork to a register may also be employed to indicate the numbers
passing.
The apparatus may also be formed double by one axis passing through
or operating with the other for registering passengers or others both to
or from the interior and exterior of a vehicle or other place..
Springs act on levers or rods to give the axis a tendency at all times
to rest with an arm closing the passage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHANDELIERS, GASELIERS, PIT CAGES, AND OTHER APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herman Taplay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
October 1874.
I, HERMAN TAPLAY, of Stafford, in the County of Stafford, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CHANDELIERS, GASELIERS, PIT CAGES, AND OTHER
APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
SIMILAR
The object of this Invention is to prevent the danger arising from the
breaking of the chains, to which chandeliers, gaseliers, pit cages, and
other apparatus similarly suspended, are liable, and consists in making
or fixing a series of slots or lugs, or both, in or to the cup of the outer
sliding tube of a chandelier or gaselier; through or to these slots or lugs
are pivotted levers bent or cast to a suitable form, and are attached to
one end of the chandelier chains, which terminate at the other end with
the counterbalance weights.
The action is as follows:-The chains and weights being attached to
the levers the latter are held in such a position that the chandelier has
perfect freedom to move up or down, but immediately a chain breaks
the corresponding lever, which is weighted on one side of its axis heavier

page_text: than the other, has its position altered, and coming in contact with one
of several bosses fixed to the dip pipe the falling chandelier is at one
arrested, preventing any escape of gas, and secured from endangering
anything beneath it.
The Invention as applied to pit cages consists in the following
arrangement :-Upon each side of an ordinary pit cage is secured a rod
working in bearings and extending from back to front, and upon each
rod is fixed a lever, the short arm of which is serrated or toothed, so as
to hold into the ordinary wooden guides, or guides known as the ladder
guides, extending from top to bottom of the pit shaft, while the long
arms of each meet over the centre of the pit cage, and are attached to a
weight. On the same axis as these levers are other short levers placed
at or near each corner of the cage, one end of each of these levers being
fastened to the chains by which the pit cage is suspended, while the
other presses against the cage, prevents the rod from turning, and allows
the cage to move freely up and down, but on the breaking of the chain
the short levers and rod are released, and the weight acting upon the
long arms of the levers first described causes the short arms of the said
levers to be thrust outward and against the guides or framing of the pit,
and so arrests the cage in its descent.
A modification of this arrangement consists in dispensing with the
short levers and attaching a small chain from the point of suspension to
the long arms of the levers above first mentioned, when upon the
snapping of the suspending chain, the short arms of the levers come
into action as before and prevent the cage from descending further.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE COVERS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Young at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
August 1874.
I, JAMES YOUNG, of Fence Houses, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for." IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE COVERS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the covers of umbrellas
and parasols, and has for its object the preservation of the same by
inserting a cord, pipe, or other suitable material between the ribs or
frames. The cord or piping may be‘about one-sixteenth of an inch in
diameter, and as clastic as possible. The cord or piping may be placed
inside or outside, and have the covering drawn closely and neatly under-
neath, so that when the umbrella or parasol is folded this will form a
complete hinge, and so prevent the parts cutting by keeping them
absolutely at rest at this point. This arrangement will add little or
nothing to the weight or cost of an umbrella or parasol, but will improve
its appearance and prevent it from getting shabby sooner at that part
than elsewhere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAINS OR CABLES, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Handyside at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
August 1874.
I, HENRY HANDYSIDE, of Saint John's Wood, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAINS OR CABLES, AND IN THE
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved method of manufacturing the
steel links of chains and cables, and consists in forming the steel length
or piece of which each link is composed with a flat, bevilled, or tapered
surface, extending to any desired distance from each end, so that on
bending the, said length or piece thus formed into the shape of the link
required, its flat, tapered, or bevilled surfaces will overlap and be in
contact with each other, and whilst in this position are brazed or other-
wise cemented together.
In giving the tapered or bevilled form to the ends of the said
lengths or pieces the steel rod from which they are cut is laid on a

page_text: specially constructed travelling bench or table, in combination with
circular saws so arranged and operated that each length or piece is
thereby cut to the required length and shape at one operation. This
travelling bench or table is composed of iron or any other suitable
metal, and travels on suitable rails, motion being communicated to
the said table by any of the ordinary appliances now in use for such
purposes.
The whole length of the surface of the table is traversed by a groove
arranged at a suitable angle with the sides of the table, and corre-
sponding in section with the size of the round rod of steel or iron to be
operated on. Angularly with and across this groove at distances apart
corresponding with the lengths of the separate links of which the
chain is composed are slits which allow of the free passage of the
circular saws employed for cutting the rod of steel or iron, as
required.
The rod of steel or iron will be securely held in its position in the
groove whilst passing under the saws by a series of thumb claws
keyed on to a shaft near to and parallel with the said groove, and which
is again acted on by a lever or other purchase.
The circular saws, which are mounted in stationary bearings, are
placed in the lines of the several slits in the table, and are driven or
rotated in the ordinary way by suitable bands passing over one general
drum overhead, and which is in its turn connected with the motive-
power employed.
Every description of link, as regards size, will require a table for
itself, as the length of every link will vary with its thickness, hence the
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank de Micrre Turner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th June 1874.-Partly a communication from abroad by Thomas
Sexton Sarney, of Ottawa, in the Province of Ontario, Canada.
I, FRANK DE MIERRE TURNER, of 6, Gloucester Road, Belvedere, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the improvement of the connections
between the ends of rails of the permanent way of railways when flat
bottomed rails are used. For this purpose the bottom flanges at the two
ends of each rail are turned upwards towards the head of the rail,
thereby forming a trough-shaped bearing to receive a fish plate bar or
wedge. When the ends of the rails are brought together, the fish plato
bar or wedge is driven endways into the trough at the ends of the two
rails. The under side of the plate bar or wedge rests upon the bottom
of the troughs, whilst at the top it bears against and under the heads of
the rails; the turned-up flanges of the rails also give a side support to

page_text: the plate bar or wedge, and act as springs to hold it firmly in its place,
whereby a continuous connection is obtained between the ends of the
rails without the necessity of punching holes in the fish plates or in the
rails to receive locking bolts, although these or other fastenings may be
used, together with the means above described. If fish plates of the 5
form of angle iron are used the flanges at the ends of the rails are
similarly bent upwards to bring them parallel, or nearly so, with the
under sides of the head of the rails. In this case the plates are drawn
up to the sides of the rails by bolts and nuts, or otherwise, and when
thus drawn into position the flange on the under side of the plate bends 1
somewhat upwards and acts as a spring, which when the plate is bearing
against the side of the rails assists to retain the plate in position and
obviates the tendency of the nuts to become unscrewed.
IMPROVEMENTS APPERTAINING TO BOTTLES AND STOPPERS AND ARTICLES TO BE EMPLOYED THEREWITH, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COMBINATION THEREOF
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Southwood Stocker
and George Edwards at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 9th October 1874.
We, ALEXANDER SOUTHWOOD STOCKER, of Arthur Road, Holloway,
London, Gentleman, and GEORGE EDWARDS, of Columbia Market,
London, Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPERTAINING TO BOTTLES AND STOPPERS AND
ARTICLES TO BE EMPLOYED THEREWITH, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION, MANUFACTURE,
AND COMBINATION THEREOF," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to stoppers to be employed with certain
bottles, and also to the union and shield used with some of such bottles.
We make them of glass or other suitable material as requirements may
necessitate, and form them into the various configurations required by
the aid of dies and pressure, and some we make by the aid of melting
the glass from a cold piece by applying thereto two or more jets of gas

page_text: for the purpose of melting the same into a plastic workable state, when
the articles to be moulded are run on to a revolving shaft to be shaped
according to the will of the operator; some of the articles have cork,
india-rubber, or other material or materials applied so as to compound
them according to our Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWAYS AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James' Alexander Richmond
Morison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th April 1874.
I, JAMES ALEXANDER RICHMOND MORISON, of Lombard House,
George Yard, in the City of London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
ROADWAYS AND OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows:-
--
My Invention consists in the manufacture and employment in the
construction or formation of roadways and other surfaces of what I term
"wood macadam."
My mode of precedure is as follows:-I take wood such as oak, beech,
and elm, or any other suitable kind and cut it up into angular pieces
resembling ordinary road "metal." I boil these pieces in gas tar or
bitumen, and while hot lay them from two to four inches thick, according
to traffic; I then fill up the cavities with smaller pieces of chopped wood
also boiled in tar or bitumen so as to form a better surface and more.
solid mass; I then pour on a solution of asphalte, mastic, and bitumen,

page_text: or asphalte, and pitch to bind the whole together; I strew the surface
with a layer of screened pebbles the size of a bean or pea or with small
broken stones or other like suitable material, and I then hammer or roll
the whole thoroughly. This material or "wood macadam" may either
be laid upon a bottom sufficiently strong naturally or upon concrete or
rubble, and in places where the nature of the soil requires it I use
boards creosoted or passed through boiling tar.
The surface being impermeable this pavement is adapted for stables,
coach houses, yards, tracks of iron or asphalte tramways, or in fact for
any object where a waterproof or a noiseless elastic and durable surface
is required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, AND MANILLA IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF PAPER PULP
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Bevan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
•April 1874.
I, EDWARD BEVAN, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Watch
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, AND MANILLA IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF PAPER PULP," to be as follows: -
The object of the said Invention is to facilitate the bleaching of flax,
hemp, jute, and Manilla fibres, or the fibres of any of them in the manu-
facture of paper pulp, after they, the said fibres, have been subjected to
the action of steam or gas at high temperature and pressure under an
Invention for which I obtained Her Majesty's British Letters Patent,
No. 3333, of the year 1873.
•
In carrying my Invention into practise I treat the said fibres or any
of them with a hot solution of lime and salt, either in an open vessel or
under pressure.
I find that when the proportion of lime to salt is two to one, four
hundredweight of the mixture dissolved in water added to a ton of

page_text: fibre answers well. Other proportions of the lime and salt may be
used.
When the steam prepared fibre is to be treated in an open vessel the
operation should last about six hours. Three hours treatment is found
sufficient when a closed vessel is used with the solution under a pressure 5
of from 30 to 40 pounds.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF PAPIER MACHE AND OTHER JAPANNED WARES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
January 1874.
I, JAMES WOOD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engine
Turner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF PAPIER MACHE AND OTHER JAPANNED
WARES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in ornamenting articles of papier machè or
japanned ware by the operation of engine turning, by which the
japanned surface is cut through and a dead arabesque or other design
is produced upon the face of the article; this design may then be
enriched with colour or gilding according to taste.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR PUMPS OR VACUUM ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrison, William Loynd,
and Richard Henry Clayton at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th February 1874.
We, JOHN HARRISON, WILLIAM LOYND, and RICHARD HENRY
CLAYTON, of the Firm of Clayton, Goodfellow, and Company, of Black-
burn, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR PUMPS OR VACUUM
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates more particularly to the air pumps or vacuum
engines which are employed in the production and maintainence of a
vacuum or partial vacuum within the concentrating apparatus ordinarily
termed vacuum pans, and which are employed in the refining of sugar,
but our said Invention may also be found to be applicable with advantage
to air pumps or vacuum engines otherwise employed. In such pumps or
engines as ordinarily constructed previously hereto the inlet valves
which admit air to pass from the vacuum pans to the cylinder of the
pump have opened by reason of the difference of pressure within the said
pan and within the said cylinder, and as a consequence the vacuum

page_text: within the said pan has not been so perfect as the vacuum which has
been created within the cylinder.
In order to obtain a more perfect vacuum within the said vacuum pan
we open the said inlet valve by positive action, that is to say, we cause
the said valves to be opened at certain fixed times by the action of parts
which derive motion from the moving parts of the engine.
In an arrangement which we consider to be suitable each inlet valve
is pressed against its "grid" or seat by means of a spring, and is opened
by means of a lever which is actuated by an excentric or cam fixed
upon the crank shaft of the engine, or the said valves may be opened by
means of springs and be closed by the action of the engine or of some
part deriving motion therefrom, the arrangement being such as that
the two inlet valves are opened and closed alternately.
We do not now consider it to be absolutely necessary to govern the
action of the emission valves by similar means, but we may so do if con- 1
sidered or found to be desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PICKING, CARDING, AND SPINNING BOTH OLD AND NEW CORDAGE, AND ALL MATERIALS SUITABLE FOR THE CAULKING OF SHIPS, FOR COMBING FLAX AND HEMP, AND FOR PICKING RAGS AND OTHER TEXTILE MATERIALS USED IN PAPER-MAKING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Latour at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1874.
I, HENRY LATOUR, of Vigean, in the Department of the Gironde
and Republic of France, at present residing at No. 4, Old Compton
Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
PICKING, CARDING, AND SPINNING BOTH OLD AND NEW CORDAGE, AND ALL
MATERIALS SUITABLE FOR THE CAULKING OF SHIPS, FOR COMBING FLAX AND HEMP,
AND FOR PICKING RAGS AND OTHER TEXTILE MATERIALS USED IN PAPER-MAKING,'
to be as follows:
"
These improvements relate to the machine for which I obtained
Letters Patent, dated 14th November 1871, and Numbered 3063.
I propose to remove from the said machine the opening by which the
pieces of cordage or other material not immediately picked are thrown
out and brought back upon the endless cloth; also to remove all the
steel combs from the brushes upon the cover bolted on the frame and
covering the top of the drum.

page_text: I propose to replace the aforesaid opening by a comb with steel teeth
placed on the cover following the brushes, and between them and the
guiding curve leading the picked and carded material to the conduit by
which they leave the machine. In this manner no filaments can pass
from the machine without having been well picked.
I further propose to separate the spinning from the picking machine
when desired in order to permit the latter to work with greater power
and speed, for which purpose I propose to provide the spinning machine
with a fly wheel and crank to permit its being driven by manual power,
and also to place a fly wheel on the shaft of the drum of the picking
machine to make it work regularly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATON left by John Richer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th September
1874.
I, JOHN RICHER, of Reading, in the County of Berks, Blacking
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
My said Invention is designed to improve the construction and
working of velocipedes, so that they may be moved with less exertion
and fatigue than has heretofore been practicable.
The said Invention consists in constructing a velocipede with two
driving wheels arranged inside instead of outside of the framing, and in
fitting the said wheels to turn upon short fixed axles or studs projecting
from each inner side of the said framing instead of having the said
wheels fixed on a rotating shaft or axle.
In practising my said Invention I construct a light but strong frame
of iron, steel, or othe suitable material of the proper form and dimensions
to receive the said wheels, and allow them to turn freely within the
same, To the side bars of the said frame I attach the said short axles

page_text: or studs by passing their ends through the said side bars, and securing
them outside the same by screw nuts, keys, or other suitable fastenings.
The said axles or studs are made long enough to properly receive and
support the bosses or hubs of the said wheels, which are made of con-
siderable length to ensure steadiness to the said wheels, and prevent
rapid wearing of the boss or axle.
If desired, the said velocipede may be operated by treadles like those
of ordinary velocipedes, but I prefer that the same should be driven by
the hand of the rider applied directly to the said wheels. For this
purpose I provide the inner side of the wheels with steel bars extended
across the same, and fix in these bars suitable handles adjustable
in slots or otherwise in the said bars. The rider sitting in the seat will
be in a convenient position to grasp the said handles, and can thereby
without any great or inconvenient exertion drive the volocipede at a very
high speed.
I also provide my improved velocipede with two small guide wheels,
whose axle is mounted on a central pivot and provided with a lever or
handle, whereby the said wheels are controlled in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Howgate at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
April 1874.
I, WILLIAM HOWGATE, of the Firm of James Howgate and Sons,
of Ravensthorpe Mills, Mirfield, in the County of York, Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the Lature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FINISHING FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to finishing or producing certain effects or
designs on the surface of "plush" or "pile" woven fabrics after the
surfaces of such fabrics have been razed in the usual manner by the
rasing gig," the whole of the plush or pile being laid in one direction.
66
My improvements consist in laying part of the pile in opposite
directions to the rest. This I effect by constructing and using a card
roller or rollers in such manner that some portions of the surface of the
fabric shall escape the action of the card teeth, and so the surface of the
fabric will present a diversified. appearance. For instance, by winding
a narrow strip of card clothing upon a roller from end to end thereof
in a spiral direction and subjecting the fabric to the action of the

page_text: said roller in the usual manner, the roller rotating and the fabric
travelling, the result will be that only portions of the plush or pile
surface will be acted upon, and thereby stripes will be produced
diagonally or obliquely to the length of the piece, more or less so in
proportion to their relative speeds.
Ahn fahuis wi41
the
surface will be acted upon, and thereby stripes will be produced
diagonally or obliquely to the length of the piece, more or less so in
proportion to their relative speeds.
By acting on the fabric with two rollers, upon which the cards are
wound in opposite directions, a diamond or network pattern will be
produced.
By acting on the fabric with two rollers, upon which the cards are
wound in opposite directions, a diamond or network pattern will be
produced.