Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 10th May, 1887.
Specification Accepted, 2nd Sept., 1887.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
M.I.M.E. do hereby declare nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention has relation to machines for "composing" or "setting" type and is
adapted to be used in connection with printer's cases of the ordinary and well
known construction and arrangement. One of the chief objections to the numerous
composing machines heretofore invented has been, that these machines involve a
radical departure from the old fashioned way of setting type by manual labor and
for this reason they do not find favor with compositors or printers who as
rule do not care to depart materially from the method of setting type to which
they have been for years accustomed. Again all of the so-called type composing
machines with which I am acquainted are cumbersome complicated and therefore
necessarily expensive and are not within the reach of printers of ordinary means.
a
The object of this invention is to produce a small inexpensive and compact machine
which is used in combination with the ordinary cases forming preferably a part
thereof or attachment thereto and by the use of which the compositor is enabled to
use both his right and left hand in picking up the types from the case instead of
using the right hand only for that purpose while he holds the composing stick in the
left hand as now practiced in setting type by hand. And if by any accident the
machine should break down or become inoperative the compositor need not stop
his work for that reason but can immediately and without leaving the case resort to
the old fashioned way and use the "stick" the same as before he commenced to use
the machine at all.
Before going into the details of the construction of this machine I shall first give a
general outline of its operation and general features from which it will be seen that

page_text: the operator or compositor can use both hands indiscriminately and as rapidly as may
be as all he has to do is to pick up the type from the two trays or cases on the frame
or stand in front of him and throw the type as fast as he picks it up into a funnel
shaped hopper within convenient reach and without regard as to how the nicks are
situated or which way the face of the type is turned either up or down; thereby not
only utilizing the left hand in picking up type as well as the right, but avoiding
the loss of time incident to the operation of placing the body of the type in its right
position in the stick.
On the composing frame close under the lower case is arranged a mechanism
which derives its motion from some motive power by means of a belt pulley or other
suitable gearing. At the front edge of the case where the compositor stands is a
funnel shaped hopper or receptacle which has an opening at its lower end just wide
enough to allow a single type to slide lengthwise through the same. Below this
opening is located a finely balanced lever which as the type strikes it closes an electric
circuit in such a manner as to operate an electro magnet the armature of which
starts the mechanism which is actuated by the motor in such a manner that the
driving gear of said mechanism will make a single revolution and then again come to
a stop.
During this revolution of the gear, the type is caught between a pair of arms which
carry it to one side so as to make room under the hopper for the type next in order
and at the same time bring the type grasped by them into a certain position between
the bed of the machine and a spring actuated lever.
If while the type is in this position the nick happens to be turned upwards, which
means that the type is turned upside down then the operation of the machine will be
to push the body of the type upwards in its longitudinal direction by means of a
lever worked from underneath. But if on the other hand the nick happens to be
turned downwards which means that the type is right side up then the nick in this
right position will be engaged by a catch which will prevent the type from being
pushed upwards by the mechanism which would otherwise act upon it.
This operation being performed the machine comes to a stop until the type next
following (which will be the second in numerical order) has been dropped through
the hopper and reached the lever at the lower end of the same which again sets the
mechanism in motion. At this stage of the performance of the machine a pair of
pincers revolving upon a small horizontal shaft will grasp the first type, which I will
call number one carrying the same forward while holding it sideways. Now if the
position of the nick in this type has been such as to allow the type to be pushed
upwards during the previous step in the operation of the machine or in other words if
the type has been turned face downwards then the upwardly extending part of the
type body is made to strike against a projecting bar whereby the pincers holding the
type are twisted slightly out of their vertical position simultaneously with which a
gear on the other end of the shaft which carries the pincers is caused to engage a
fixed rack by which during the remainder of the motion of the machine this pincers
carrying shaft will complete a half revolution thus reversing the type which is held by
the pincers and turning it right side up. But before letting go of the type these
pincers are caused to deposit it between the bed of the machine and a spring actuated
lever which operates in the same manner as the one hereinbefore referred to.
On the other hand if the position of the nick in the type has been such as not to
allow the type to be pushed upwards during the second step in the operation of the
machine that is to say if the type stands face upwards then the body of the type will
not be pushed upwards and consequently there will be no extending end to strike the
projecting bar herein before referred to. The pincers which hold the type will
therefore not revolve and the position of the type will not be reversed but in this
case it will simply be deposited as soon as it is released in its original position between
the bed of the machine and the spring actuated lever.
At this stage of the operation of the machine we shall find the type number with
which we started always with face upwards and with its greatest width in a certain

page_text: direction; but the nick may be turned either right or left. The step next in order
will be therefore to so adjust the type that the nick shall be in its proper position
which involves a third operation or rather a third step in the operation of the
machine and this commences as soon as the motive mechanism is for the third
time set in motion by the dropping of type number three through the receiving
funnel.
The spring actuated lever by which type number one is supported on one side as
also the fixed bed which supports the type on the other side are both provided with
longitudinal ribs or feathers on their inner sides or the sides facing each other which
register with the nicks in the type and as the type is being pressed up sideways
against this ribbed bed or support at the same time being pushed forward in the
channel formed between said ribbed lever and bed it follows that either one or the other
of these ribs or feathers will engage the nick. As the type slides along in this
position it is caused to strike a low projection on the side towards which the nick is
turned and this causes the type to trip over on its flat side in which position the
spring actuated lever will close in upon it the pusher meanwhile continuing to carry
the type onwards in its channel until it reaches the end of the same where the type
now in its right position in all respects is deposited in the type gutter which conducts
it to the composing galley. This finishes the third step in the series of consecutive
operations of the machine.
As the type fourth in order is dropped into the hopper by the compositor standing
in front of his case type number two will reach this third stage or step and type
number three will, simultaneously therewith, reach the second step while type number
one is by this time deposited in the type gutter which leads to the stick. Thus it will
be seen that each of the broken or intermittent motions of the machine induces three
simultaneous operations, each one of which forms a certain step in the complete
process of the preliminary setting of the type.
"
at
As type after type is pushed into the type gutter, a long line of continuous type is
gradually built up, which can be divided up into lines of any desired length simply
by the compositor making use of a special type which I call a
"break and throwing
the same into the funnel the same as the regular types. By using this "break"
regular intervals, lines of approximately even length are produced. In order to
enable the compositor to determine when he is to use a break," a simple device has
been devised which operates in conjunction with the other parts of the machine and
which will be fully described at the proper place.
At the end of the type gutter is a galley, or more properly speaking a composing
stick of large dimensions, provided with transverse parallel gutters or channels in
which the lines of type are received as fast as they are formed in the type gutter. At
the end of each line this galley is moved automatically a distance equal to the width
of one of the type receiving gutters or channels, and in this manner the composed
matter is formed into distinct lines of any length that may be desired.
Having, in the foregoing, given a brief sketch or outline of the salient features of
the machine so far as its operation or manner of working is concerned, I shall now
proceed to give a detailed description of the mechanical construction of the same,
referring, in this connection, to the accompanying seventeen sheets of drawings,
which form a part of this specification. On the said drawings:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a printer's case provided with this machine, as it
appears when ready for work.
Figure
2 is a similar view, but the casings of the machine, and also the "lower
on the composing frame, have been removed, for the purpose of showing the
construction and arrangement of the machine more fully.
case
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the main part of the machine, removed from the
composing case.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the frame and machine, from a point of view
diametrically opposite to the point from which the view shown in figure 2 is taken,

page_text: Figure 5 is a vertical transverse sectional view of the frame and cases, or type
trays, looking from left to right, and showing the machine, with its drive shaft, in
operative position.
"
Figure 6 is a plan view or top view of the machine and a portion of the "lower
case" adjacent thereto; the parts of the machine covered by the "lower case
shown in broken lines.
being
Figure 7 is an isometric plan of the machine detached from the printer's case.
Figure 8 is a front elevation of the machine showing also part of the front side, of
the "lower case."
"
Figure 9 is a view parts being shown in elevation and parts in perspective of the
machine as seen from one side viz. :-by a person standing to the left of the frame and
looking towards it (parts of the frame having been removed to show parts of the drive
shaft and gears).
Figure 10 is a detail view of the mechanism which feeds the continuous line of
type from the type gutter to the galley, showing also the "breaks" whereby the
length of the lines are determined.
Figure 11 is a detail view of part of the device or mechanism whereby the
compositor is advised of the proper time when he is to drop a "break" into the
funnel, for the purpose of closing up a line.
Figure 12 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view taken on the broken line
marked in Figure 7.
Figure 13 represents a vertical cross section through the broken line denoted by
the letters y-y in Figure 7.
Figure 14 represents a vertical cross section through the broken line denoted by z z
in Figure 7 looking from left to right.
Figure 15 is a detail view partly in section illustrating the device for lifting or
pushing the type upwards to enable it to be grasped by the revolving pincers.
Figure 16 is a plan of the mechanism whereby an intermittent motion is imparted
to the machine from the continuously revolving drive shaft.
Figure 17 is a side elevation partly in section of the same mechanism.
Figure 18 is a detail view of the tripping lever actuated by the type as it drops
through the lower end of the funnel, which brings the electro magnet into action and
thereby sets the machine going.
Figure 19 is a top view of said lever.
Figure 20 is a detail view of the electro magnet with its armature and lever
showing the pawl and ratchet mechanism whereby an intermittent motion is imparted
to the machine from the continuously revolving drive shaft:
Figure 21 is a detail view of the box or bearing which carries one end of the
continuously revolving drive shaft.
Figure 22 is a detail view of the stop mechanism which engages the drive collar
when it is desired to stop the machine.
Figure 23 is a detail view of part of the mechanism whereby an intermittent
motion is imparted to the machine from the continuously revolving drive shaft.
Figure 24 represents two types, the one to the left being turned right side up or
face upwards while the one to the right is turned wrong side up with face
downwards.
Figure 25 is a detail view illustrating the manner in which the nick in the type is
caught or engaged by the rib or feather of the spring actuated lever.
Figure 26 shows the type in a reversed position with its nick engaged by the rib
or feather, which projects from the fixed bed of the machine. This figure as well as
figure 27 on the same sheet, also shows the "pusher" which shoves or pushes the
type in an upward direction from the under side.
Figure 27 is a detail view showing the type pushed up by the "pusher," so as to
strike against the stop or projection which brings the revolving pincers into
action,

page_text: Figures 28, 29 and 30 show a type in its various positions while held between
the spring actuated lever and the fixed bed of the machine.
Figure 31 is a detail plan view of the mechanism, which first receives the type on
its travels from the trap or lever at the lower end of the hopper, and whereby the type
is turned sideways as the first step in the series of operations which it is to undergo;
said figure showing the position of the movable jaw at the initial point or starting
point.
Figures 32 and 33 are similar views of the same mechanism, showing the jaw in
its different positions, the last named figure showing the jaw in its proper position at
the terminal point of its operation, after the hub, to which the jaw is pivotted, has
completed its circular track as indicated by the arrows.
Figure 34 is a detail plan view of the spring actuated lever and fixed bed, between
which the type is held while its neck is engaged by the projecting rib or feather on
either the lever or the fixed bed, as shown in Figures 25-30 hereinbefore referred to.
Figures 35-38 are detail views of the revolving pincers, showing the same in their
various positions while making the half turn.
Figures 39-41 are top or plan views of this pincer mechanism in which the jaws
and their actuating mechanism are shown in positions corresponding to the positions
shown in end elevation in Figures 36, 37 and 38 respectively.
Figure 42 is a plan view of the shoe and its adjuncts whereby the type is placed
in proper position for entering the type gutter which carries it to the composing
galley.
Figures 43-45 are similar views of the same devices, but showing them in their
different operative positions.
Figure 46 on sheet 10 is a detail view in side elevation of the pair of jaws shown
uppermost in figure 10, on the same sheet.
Figure 47 is a similar view of the other pair of jaws shown lowermost in Figure 10.
Figure 48 is a perspective detail view of the mechanism for feeding the column of
set or composed type into the composing galley and breaking the continuous row or
column off into separate lines of proper length.
Figures 48a 486 48c and 48d are details of the pivoted arms or dogs forming part
of the said mechanism.
Figure 49 is a perspective view of the funnel or hopper.
Figure 50 is a side elevation of the same, and
Figure 51 is a cross section on line xx in Figure 50.
Like letters of reference and numerals denote corresponding parts in the several
figures.
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The main parts of the machine are mounted upon a bed plate of iron or other
suitable metal shown at A, which is suitably fastened upon a horizontal partition B in
the composing stand or frame shown at C. The letter D denotes the "
upper case
and E the "lower case"; the latter overlapping the greater part of the machine and
serving as a partial cover or protection for the same. This bed plate A is provided
with boxes F (figure 5) in which revolves the main drive shaft G, the rear end of
which has a fly wheel or balance wheel H, and is also provided with one fixed pulley I,
and one loose pulley J.
The drive shaft & passes with its forward end through a loose sleeve or collar K,
which has a cone pinion L meshing with another cone pinion M, which revolves upon
a tap N, projecting from the forward box F, on the bed plate or frame of the machine
(figures 5, 9, 12, 16 and 17). This cone pinion M is cast in one piece with or suitably
fastened to, a grooved cam O and it follows that this cam will revolve with pinion M.
It is from this cam that most of the movable parts of the machine derive their motion;
and an intermittent motion may be imparted to the said cam O, with its pinion M, and
the intermeshing pinion L which as we have seen is fixed upon the sleeve K by the
following mechanism.
The forward end of that part of drive shaft G, which is inserted through the

page_text: sleeve K is provided with a ratchet P, adapted to engage a spring actuated pawl Q,
which is attached movably to sleeve K, (figure 23) and revolves with it; and it follows
that when the said pawl engages the teeth of the ratchet, sleeve K will revolve, with
its central draft G, which is kept rotating continuously and at an even speed by any
suitable motive power.
As a type is dropped through the hopper or funnel R, it strikes the rear end of a
delicately balanced lever S (figures 18 and 19), the tripping of which closes an electric
circuit by bringing the bent tail T of said lever in contact with a metallic plate U,
which is fastened upon a piece of vulcanite or other suitable insulating material V.
When this lever is in its normal position, as indicated in figure 18, the current from
the electric generator W is broken; but the moment by the tripping of the lever, the
tail T comes in contact with the insulated plate U the circuit will be closed, the current
passing from the generator W to the metallic screw X, by which the insulating plate
or piece V is fastened upon the machine, through the machine lever S T, contact
plate U, the electro magnet Y, and back to the generator.
It follows that at the instant the circuit is closed the armature Z (figure 20) will be
attracted by the magnet and this armature being fastened upon the outer end of a
lever 1 said lever will be rocked or tilted upon its fulcrum in such a manner as to
cause its pivoted tail piece 2 to drop down sufficiently far to be struck by one of the
teeth of the revolving ratchet P.
We have already seen that the sleeve or collar K is provided with a hinged spring
actuated pawl Q adapted to engage the ratchet P, and thereby cause sleeve K, and
the shaft G, to revolve together. When, after having completed a single revolution,
that part of sleeve K, upon which the pawl is hinged, again reaches the fixed cam 3
(figure 23) the tail 4, of pawl Q will strike against the concave head of the cam, and
the pawl will thereby be tilted so as to release or become disengaged from rack P
whereby of course sleeve K is disengaged or uncoupled from the revolving drive
shaft G. As however sleeve K would still have sufficient momentum to make a turn
or part of a turn after pawl Q has been released, I prevent this and cause sleeve K to
come to a sudden and instant stop, by means of an arm 5 which is fastened upon a
rock shaft 6, hung in suitable bearings underneath the bed plate of the machine. As
the pawl strikes the upper end of this arm 5, the motion of the sleeve to which the
pawl is attached will be checked by the contact, the pawl acting in the same manner as
a brake, so to speak.
But as this might not of itself be sufficient to bring sleeve K to a complete stop,
and as it is of the utmost importance that the mechanism should stop always in a
certain fixed position, another arm designated by the numeral 7 (figures 16, 17, and 22),
is keyed or otherwise fastened upon the rock shaft 6, and at the proper moment, by
the tilting of the rock shaft, the upper end or head of this arm 7 will be brought up
against sleeve K, so as to engage a catch or projection 8 upon the same and thereby
bring it to an absolute stop.
Fastened upon the same rock shaft 6 as arms 5 and 7, so as to rock or move in
unison with these, is a third arm (figures 16 17 and 20), the curved head 10 of
which is forked to adapt it to receive the free end of the hinged tail piece 2 of lever 1
when said tail piece is pushed against it by coming in contact with the teeth of the
revolving ratchet P. As in this manner the free end of arm 2 is pushed against the
free end of arm 9 (which can happen only when that end of lever 1 upon which arm 2
is hinged, is depressed by its other end being attracted by the electro magnet) said
army is pushed back so as to tilt the rock shaft 6, thereby simultaneously tilting back
the stop arms 5 and 7, and releasing the latter from the catch 8. At the same instant
pawl Qwill engage the ratchet and thus sleeve K will make a single complete revolution,
again coming to a stop at the completion of the revolution when pawl Q strikes the
fixed arm 3.
Arms 5, 7 and 9 are brought back into their operative position at each revolution of
sleeve K by means of a cam or eccentric 11 (figure 23) fastened upon said sleeve in

page_text: such a manner as to engage or strike against an arm or tappet 12, keyed upon the
rock shaft 6. To prevent back lash of said rock shaft 6, sleeve K is provided with a
secondary cam 13 (figures 17 and 20), having a projecting flange 14, which as the
sleeve rotates will overlap and slide over the curved head 10 of arm 9, thereby
preventing backward motion of said arm and of the rock shaft till the proper moment.
This cam also by striking against the underside of an offset 15, on the hinged arm 2
(see Figure 17), operates to disengage the lower end of said arm from the ratchet
teeth, if, by any accident the electro magnets should fail to operate promptly in letting
go of the armature Z after the circuit has been broken.
From the foregoing it will be seen that the sleeve K will perform a single complete
revolution every time lever 1 is tripped by an electric current passing through the
electro magnet and then again come to an absolute stop at the initial or starting point.
It will also be seen that the only function of the armature lever 1 is to drop arm 2
low enough to be caught by one of the teeth of the revolving ratchet P, at which
point the motive power of the machine comes into operation, so that a very weak
electric current will be sufficient for all practical purposes; i.e. one that will excite the
electro magnets sufficient to attract the armature and thereby tilt the lever on its
fulcrum. For this purpose a single battery cell of any approved construction will
answer very well for the electric generator W; or a small dynamo may be used deriving
its motion from the drive shaft G by any suitable gearing.
Instead of connecting one of the wires from the generator to screw X, as shown in
figures 8 and 18, this wire may be connected to the metallic tap 16 (figures 18 and 19),
on which lever S is balanced, in which case said tap should be insulated from the rest
of the machine. This would make the electric current more direct and avoid the
leakage of energy incident to sending the current through the entire machine.
We have now seen in what manner an intermittent rotary motion is imparted to the
sleeve K, which I shall call the drive sleeve, and through it to the intermeshing cone
pinions L and M and the cam O. We have also seen that these parts will each of
then make a single complete revolution every time an electric impulse is sent through
the electro magnet, and we have seen that such an impulse or current is sent through
the magnet every time the bent tail T of lever S touches the contact plate U. The
next step in order will be therefore to describe in what manner this lever S is tripped
and also the results produced by this tripping through the drive sleeve K, and drive
cam O, from which the movable parts of the type setting mechanist proper derive
their motion.
The compositor standing in front of his case picks up his type using both hands for
the purpose and drops the types in their proper order or succession into the funnel or
hopper R. This hopper is of such a shape and of such dimensions that the type will
go through it lengthwise, no matter how it has been thrown into it at the upper end
or mouth. As the type escapes lengthwise through the cylindrical guide or extension 17
at the lower end of the funnel, it falls into a trap or receptacle 18 (figures 9, 17, and 18),
the bottom of which is formed by the rear end of the delicately poised trip-lever S.
The weight of the type will tilt or trip the lever, and one revolution of cam O is the
instant result, after which the machine again comes to an absolute stop.
The moment that cam 0 commences its motion, the following mechanism which
derives its motion from said cam comes into action.
Upon the face of the grooved cam O is fastened an upwardly projecting crank pin 19
(figures 6, 7, 12, 31, 32 and 33) near the upper end of which a movable arm 20 is
fastened. Attached to the same crank pin 19 above arm 20 is a connecting rod or
pitman 21 the other end of which is connected at the point marked 23 movably to the
reciprocating slide 22 (figures 6, 7, and 8) and it follows that at each revolution of
cam O this slide or slide bar 22, will make one motion forward and back.
Upon a tap 24, fixed in the bed of the machine (figures 6, 7, 8 and 12), swings a
curved arm 25, the forward or free end of which is provided with a roller 26, which
works in the groove or channel 27 of the drive cam O. The sliding bar 22 is provided
with a cross head forming two guide arms 31 and 32 projecting in opposite directions

page_text: and at right angles to the bar, and the upper one of these guide arms 31 slides in a
bearing 29 upon the forward part of the movable arm 25, while the opposite and lower
guide arm 32 projects into a grooved guide piece or bearing 30, which is suitably fixed
to the frame of the machine (figure 15).
The pitman 21 and roller 26 (at the free end of the swinging arm 25) are so arranged
relative to each other and to the cam O from which they derive their motion and this
cam is so constructed that when the slide bar 22 (which is actuated by pitman 21)
makes its stroke forward and back, the roller 26, of arm 25, will work in that part of
the cam groove 27 which is concentric to the cam, thus keeping said arms and the
bearings 28 and 29 which are attached to it, stationary, while slide bar 22 completes
its stroke forward and back; but the moment roller 26 passes into the eccentric part
of the cam groove, arm 25 will be tilted once forward and back, with its free end.
This happens at the beginning and end of each stroke of the reciprocating slide bar 22.
To the outer end of this bar is fastened at right angles, a projection 33 (figures 7,
31, 32 and 33) which has a shoulder or offset 34 on one side, operating in conjunction
with a similar offset 35, an arm 20 to turn the type into a sidewise position if it
happens to come through the funnel edgewise. This turning operation is performed
by the shoulder 35 on arm 20, while the hub or pivot 19 of said arm is moving in a
circular track, as herein before referred to, and indicated on figures 31-33 on sheet 15.
The body of the type is grasped during this operation between the fixed sill or frame
piece 37, and a spring actuated arm or holder 38 (figures 7 and 34) which is pivoted
upon a pintle 39, fixed in the bed of the machine, and is provided with an arm 40, the
free end of which will strike a stud 41 fixed in the face of the drive cam O once during
each revolution of said cam. This will happen at the exact moment when the type
having been turned into its proper position by the shouldered arms 33 and 20 is ready
to start on its travels for the purpose of undergoing the other operations to which it
is to be subjected in the machine; and as the stud 41 strikes the free end of arm 40,
the holding arm 38 will be tilted out of the way or away from the fixed sill 37, thus
releasing its hold upon the type.
In order to hold the type in the trap as it is received through the funnel before and
during the operation of turning it (if turning of it is necessary) a small gate is
employed shown at 45 in figures 7 and 34. This gate consists simply of a plate bent
into the shape shown more clearly in the detail view figure 34 hinged at one side upon
a small pin 46, which is fixed in the frame of the machine and actuated by a spring 47
in such a manner as to confine the type until it is released from the trap-to commence
its journey through the machine.
The type having been received in the trap at the lower end of the funnel resting in
the gate just described, with its bottom pressing against the lever which starts the
operating mechanism, and the machine commencing its motion as hereinbefore
described, the operation of the shouldered arm 33 will push the type sideways through
the gate and at the same moment the shouldered arm 20 will be brought up against the
other side of the type by roller 43 which is hung in a bracket 44 projecting from
the arm 20, engaging a cam 42 which is fixed upon the reciprocating slide bar 22.
This will be the position of the type indicated in figure 31. When arm 20 moves
backwards as indicated by the arrows in figures 31 and 32 the type will be brought
into its sidewise position shown in figures 32 and 33 by giving it one fourth of a turn,
provided the type is received in the trap in the position indicated in figure 31. But
if on the other hand the type should be received in the trap in the position indicated
in figure 32, then its position will not be changed or affected by arms 33 and 20, for
the reason that the shoulder or offset 35 in arm 20 will not reach and engage the
corner of the type when it is in that position. Thus it will be seen that the type will
always start on its journey through the machine with its greatest width in the proper
direction, i.e. the body of type standing edgwise to the fixed sill 37 without regard to
the position in which it may be received in the trap as it falls through the hopper.
I have already referred to arm 38 and its function, and by reference to figure 34 it
will be seen that said arm is bent in such a manner as to make room for the hinged

page_text: gate 45. It will further be seen that said arm is provided with a laterally projecting
rib or feather 48 on its inner side, facing a corresponding rib 49 which projects
laterally from the fixed sill or frame piece 37. These ribs are so arranged that either
the one or the other will engage or fit into the nick of the type after it leaves the
gate, according to which way the nick happens to be turned; thus in figure 25
(sheet 15) a type is shown, the nick of which is engaged by the rib 48 of arm 38, while
in figure 26 the type has been shown in such a position that its nick will be engaged
by the rib 49 on the fixed frame 37.
As the nick in a type is always placed an unequal distance from the ends and
usually nearer the bottom than the face as on the examples shown on sheet 15, the
nick if the type happens to go right side up or face upwards through the funnel, will
fall a little below the level of the projecting ribs 48 and 49, and it becomes necessary
to shove the type from the under side sufficiently high up to let its nick reach and
engage either one of the ribs 48 or 49 in the manner described. This is accomplished
by the device which I call the "pusher" and which is illustrated in detail in figures 26
and 27 on sheet 15, and also denoted by the numeral 50 on figures 6, 7, 9 and 15, by
reference to which the construction and operation of this device will readily be under-
stood as follows :-
A shaft 51 is hung movably in bearings or boxes 52 forming part of the frame of
the machine, and upon this shaft is placed a coiled spring 53 one end of which is fixed
in the shaft while its other end bears against the under side of the "pusher" arm 50,
the collar of which works loosely upon the fixed shaft 51 so that the tendency of the
spring is to force the pusher in an upward direction. The collar of arm 50 through
which shaft 51 is inserted has a limited play or motion upon said shaft, but will move
with said shaft when the latter is turned or rocked in its bearings. A rocking or
tilting motion is imparted to shaft 51 at stated intervals by means of a pitman 54 one
end of which is connected to an arm 55 fixed upon and projecting downwardly from
the rock shaft 51 while its other end is pivoted upon a stud or pin 56 fixed in the
under side of the movable arm 25 (figures 12 and 15).
As the type in this position reaches the "pusher" the free end of which is covered
with a disc of leather, the motion of arm 25 will be such that it will pull on pitman 54
and arm 55, thereby moving the outer leather-dressed end of the pusher in an upward
direction, and push the type up the required distance to enable its nick to engage the
ribs 48 or 49 as the case may be.
But if on the other hand the type goes down through the funnel upside down or
face downwards, and is received in that position in the trap its nick will be above
the projecting ribs 48 and 49 and no engagement with these will take place. Conse-
quently there is nothing to hold or lock the type between the parts 38 and 37 and
prevent its upward motion if pushed from the under side. When the type is in either
of the positions shown in figures 25 or 26 with its nick engaged, the spring 53 which
controls the pusher arm will yield and there will be no further upward movement of
the pusher; but when the nick is not engaged as in figure 27 the pusher will shove
the type upwards into the position shown in said figure.
When in this position, i.e. when the type stands upside down it will project so high
above the parts 37 and 38, between which it is held, that as it continues to move
onward it will strike with its projecting end a small stop or plate 57 depending from
an arm or bracket 58, which is suitably fastened upon the frame and projects inwardly
froin, and at right angles to the same (figures 8, 15, 26 and 27). But before the type
reaches this stop plate it has been grasped between the jaws of the revolving pincers
or nippers, which I shall now proceed to describe, and which will be found illustrated
in detail in figures 35-42 and also in part in figures 7, 12 and 15.
In bearings 59 fixed upon the cross-head or arm 31 of the sliding bar 22, is
journalled a short shaft 60, the rearwardly projecting end of which is provided with a
cogged segment 61, shown more clearly in figure 12 and also in figures 39-42. The
cogs or teeth of this segment are adapted to engage a toothed rack 62, which is
fixed upon arm 25, and when the cogs or teeth of this segment engage the
B

page_text: downwardly projecting teeth of arm 62, a one half revolution will be given to the
pincer shaft 60.
Upon the other or, forward end of shaft 60 is a fixed jaw 63 opposite to which is a
movable jaw 64 which is fastened upon the outer end of an arm 65 the inner end of
which has a yoke 66 which is pivoted upon a pin 67 inserted transversely through
shaft 60. A spring 68 is so arranged as to press with its free end against said yoke
in such a manner as to force the movable jaw 64 against the fixed jaw 63 with a light
spring pressure just enough to hold a type between the two jaws and prevent it from
slipping.
As the bearings in which the pincer shaft 60 revolves, are mounted upon cross-
head 31 of the sliding bar 22, and move with the same, and with arm 25 which carries
bar 22, and controls the motion of the same, it follows that this pincer mechanism will
reciprocate towards and from the fixed part 37, through the motion of arm 25 and the
cam 0 from which said arm derives its motion. At the moment when the type has
reached the open space shown on figure 34 at the end of arm 38, the pincers will
advance endwise, the jaws being kept in a vertical position and apart so as to pass on
both sides of the type. The vertical position of the jaws is caused by means of a light
spring 69 (figure 7) fastened to any suitable part of the wooden frame in which the
machine is placed, the free end of which is connected by a band or strap 70 (figures 7
and 12) the other end of which is fastened in or near the smooth or convex part of the
cogged segment 61. This part of the segment also has a projecting screw head or
stud 71 which by striking against a suitably arranged stop (not shown in the drawings)
will prevent the tension of spring 69 from pulling shaft 60 around so as to bring the
pincer jaws out of a vertical plane.
As the jaws, while in this normal or vertical position, advance to seize the type, an
upwardly projecting lip 72 upon the movable spring actuated jaw 64, will strike
edgwise against a fixed downward projecting stud 73 depending from the bracket 58
which also carries another downward projecting plate 57 to which I have already
referred briefly. The lip 72 and the fixed stud 73 are both bevelled at the point of
contact and as lip 72 strikes the stud and glides along the bevelled side of the same,
the pressure of spring 68 which keeps the jaws closed will be overcome and the
movable jaw 64 will be forced apart sideways from the fixed jaws 63. In this position
the pincers straddle the type with one jaw on each side closing in upon the type so as
to hold it firmly between the jaws after the pin or lip 72 has slipped past the bevelled
stud 73 which allows the movable jaw 64 to spring back into its closed position.
The type is now grasped in a vertical position between the two jaws of the pincers
and if the type stands with its face upwards and of course does not require to be
reversed, all the pincers are called upon to do in that case is to carry the type onward
while holding it in the same vertical position right side up. When the type is in this
(correct) position between the jaws its upwardly projecting end is so low that it will
not strike the downwardly projecting plate 57 but will pass under the same (figures 26
and 35); but if on the other hand the type is received between the pincer jaws upside
down or in the position indicated in figures 27 and 36 the pincers in addition to
moving the type a certain step onwards in its course through the machine will have to
reverse the type and bring it right side up with face upwards. This is accomplished
in the following simple manner-As the type is carried forward by the pincers its
projecting end will strike the downward projecting plate 57 (figure 36) thus giving a
tilt to the pincer jaws and bringing them as well as the type held between them into
a slanting or oblique position. This of course also tilts or rocks the pincer shaft 60
slightly but enough to so turn its cogged segment 61 as to move the teeth of the same
in an upward direction and cause them to engage the downwardly projecting teeth or
the rack 62 (figure 12). This gives a one-half revolution to the shaft which turns
the pincer jaws holding the type between them from the position shown in figures 36
and 39 first into the horizontal position shown in figures 37 and 40 and finally at the
end of the stroke into the reversed vertical position shown in figures 38 and 41 the
revolving jaws moving in the direction indicated by the arrows in figures 37 and 38

page_text: and in this last named position the body of the type will have been reversed and is
now standing right side up or with its face pointing upwards.
At this stage the pincers with the type between their jaws will have crossed on their
onward motion the open space shown in figure 34 and arrived at the spring actuated
arm 74 the construction and operation of which is substantially the same as that of
arm 38 at the other end of the open space just referred to. Like arm 38 this arm 74
has an inwardly projecting rib or feather 75 which corresponds to a similar inwardly
projecting rib or feather 76 on the fixed frame 37; in other words the rib 75 may be
considered simply as an extension of the rib 48 on arm 38 while the rib 76 may in
like manner be considered an extension of the rib 49 on the fixed frame 37 there being
simply a break or open space between these parallel ribs at the point traversed by the
pincers which carry the type from the end of arm 38 and ribs 48 and 49 to the
beginning of arm 74 and ribs 75 and 76 (figures 28, 29 and 34 sheet 15). The rib 75
in arm 74 is however provided with a small shoulder or offset 77 and rib 76 has a
similar shoulder or offset 78 some distance back of the other offset 77; and the
function of these two abrupt shoulders or offsets will be described in their proper place
later on.
As the type reaches arm 74 the large arm 25 will have commenced its retrograde
movement actuated by the drive cam O and the pincers will be gradually withdrawn
still however holding the type between their jaws. But the type has now been
reversed as we have seen and it follows that its projecting end will point in a down-
ward direction as shown in figure 38. In this position the projecting lower end
enters the narrow channel between arm 74 and the fixed sill or frame 37 (figure 34)
where said projecting lower end is grasped by the outer end of the spring actuated
arm 74 and held with sufficient pressure up against sill 37 to permit the jaws to slip
off the type as the pincers are being withdrawn in a direction at right angles to
frame 37 owing to the retrograde movement of arm 25 as hereinbefore stated. As
the pincer, jaws slip off of the type which is now held in the position indicated in
figures 28 and 34 the pincer spring 68 will again close the movable jaw 64 up against
the fixed jaw 63 and in this position the pincers will return to their initial or starting
point ready to seize and operate upon the type next in order.
But as will be seen by reference to figure 28 the nick of the type projects below the
ribs in the holding parts 74 and 37 and the type must be pushed up from below a
sufficient distance to cause its nick to register with and engage either the one or the
other of the said ribs. This is done by another "pusher" 79 (figures 6, 7, 8 and 29)
which is constructed and operates precisely in the same manner as the other
"pusher" 50 which has already been fully described in connection with the ribbed
arm 38 this pusher 79 being simply a duplication of pusher 50 shown in figure 27.
By the leather covered disc on the end of the pusher arm 79 the body of the type will
be pushed up from the under side until its nick engages with one of the ribs 75 or 76
so as to assume the position shown in figure 29.
All that now remains to be done to bring the type into its correct position will be
to have the nick face the proper way so that the letter will be printed right side up.
The nick in a type is always at the "foot" or bottom side of the raised letter on the
face" and it is important therefore that the nicks in a row of type be all turned in
the same direction otherwise some of the letters will be printed upside down. The
next step in the operation of the machine will be therefore to turn all the nicks a
uniform way without regard to whether the nick when the type has arrived at this
stage and stands in the position shown in figure 29 engages the rib 75 in arm 74 or
the rib 76 on the fixed frame 37 as in the example shown.
This is done simply by giving the body of the type a one quarter turn so as to turn
it sideways. Now by looking at figure 34 it will be seen that if the type stands in
such a position as to have its nick engaged by rib 76 (as shown in that figure) and it
is then while in this position pushed in the direction of the arrow, it will pass by the
offset 77 in the rib 75 with its nick sliding on the opposite rib, 76, until it reaches the
shoulder or offset. 78 near the end of said rib when it will be turned sideways by

page_text: striking this offset in such a manner as to bring its nick to the left. But if on the
other hand the type stands in the reverse position with its nick facing and engaging
the rib 75 on arm 74 then as it is pushed upwards one corner of the type will strike
the shoulder or offset 77 in said rib and the type will be given a one quarter turn to
the left turning it sideways so as to have its nick face to the left the same as the
preceding type. Thus it will be seen that the function of these shoulders 77 and 78
is to to so turn the types that all the nicks shall point the same way. The types will
then be in condition to be fed into the gutter or channel which carries them to the
composing galley and in which the row of type is divided into lines of proper
length.
But before describing this part of the machine it is proper to describe the mechanism
whereby the type is pushed along between the ribbed and shouldered parts 74 and 37
which have just been described and whereby it is fed into the type gutter. This
mechanism is shown on the plan view figure 7 and is illustrated in detail in figures 35
and 42-45 on sheet 16, to which reference should now be had.
Upon the reciprocating slide-bar 22 near the cross head 31 which carries the
revolving pincer mechanism is fastened a post 80 upon which is pivoted a forked
arm 81 actuated by a spring 82 which is coiled around and fixed upon post 80 below
the fork in such a manner that the short arm 83 of the fork will be forced with its
outer bevelled end against a bevelled guide block 84 fastened upon the top of the sill
or frame piece 37 (figure 8). The long arm 85 of the fork is provided at its outer
end with a vertical pin 86 adapted to engage or bear against the pitman 21 by which
the slide bar 22 is actuated (figure 7).
Upon the under side of the long arm 85 is pivoted at 87 a curved shoe 88 indicated
in dotted lines, the free end of which is bent upwardly at right angles and forms a
stud 89 fitting into a recess in the corresponding part of arm 83. By a suitably
arranged spring (not shown in the drawing) which bears against the shoe 88 its
upwardly projecting stud or part 89 is normally held in the position indicated in
figures 42 and 43 that is to say at the opening or mouth of the recess in arm 83; but
by a certain amount of pressure against its front side or face it will yield and assume
the position within the recess which is indicated in figures 44 and 45.
While the type is being held between the parts 37 and 74, it is pushed forward in
the direction of the arrow in figure 34 by the short arm 83 of the fork or rather by
the projecting stud or shoe 89 which bears against it sideways as shown in figure 43;
the fork itself being impelled by the return stroke of arm 22. At the end of the
stroke the short recessed arm of the fork will deposit the type carried forward by it
just in front of the inlet 90 to the type gutter 91 and at this exact point arm 22 will
start on its return stroke actuated by the pitman 21 and cam 0. As the pitman moves
it will strike against the upwardly projecting pin 86 (figure 7) on arm 85 and thus tilt
the fork and its appurtenances a little to one side causing it to let go of the type
which is now ready to be pushed into the type gutter in its proper place and
position by means of the pusher bar 92 which will be described presently.
The object of making the stud or shoe 89 which carries the type onwards yielding
instead of rigid will readily be understood by reference to figures 44 and 45 on sheet 16.
If this stud were rigidly attached to the short arm 83 by which the type is pushed
forward in the space or channel between the parts 37 and 74 the type as it strikes
either one of the offsets 77 or 78 in said channel would be likely to come to a stop;
but at this point the resistance will cause the pushing part 89 to yield thereby
enabling the type to turn readily into a sideways position in which position it
is ready for the action of the pusher bar which pushes it into the type gutter as
follows:-
Upon a stud 93 on the arm 25 (figures 6, 7, 12 and 13) is pivoted a bar 92 against
one side of which presses a spring 94. The forward or free end of this bar extends
transversely across the intermediate bar 22 and its pitman 21 to the opening 90 which
leads into the type gutter 91 so that on the down stroke of arm 25 the end of the
pusher bar 92 will press the type which stands directly in front of it into the gutter

page_text: thereby forcing the whole row of type in the gutter forward a space corresponding to
the width of one type.
This completes the operation of the machine so far as placing the type in its proper
position for printing is concerned, and all that now remains to be done is to divide the
row of type as it is being formed in the type gutter 91 into lines of proper length
uniform or otherwise by means of the "breaks" to which I have already referred
briefly in the general description of the machine at the beginning of the specification.
But before proceeding to describe this part of the invention it may be proper to state
that in all cases in the foregoing description where the "spring actuated arms are
referred to I desire it to be understood that I do not confine or limit myself to any
particular style or arrangement of spring and for this reason in some instances the
springs have not been shown in the drawings. The form of spring preferred is how-
ever shown in some cases e.g. on figures 8, 9, 13 and 14 the numeral 95 denotes the
spring which actuates the ribbed arm 74 and presses the same up against the fixed
ribbed part 37 and 96 (figure 9) denotes the spring which in like manner presses
the other ribbed arm 38 up against the fixed ribbed part 37. But as above
stated other forms of springs may be used which will answer the purpose equally
as well.
"
We now come to the consideration of the type gutter the use of the "breaks
and mechanism in connection therewith; reference being had in this connection more
particularly to the perspective views and also to the details illustrated in figures 10
11, 46, 47, and 48.
A post 97 is pivoted with its lower end in the bed plate of the machine and with
its upper end in the frame which supports the hopper R. Upon this post is fastened
adjustably by means of a binding screw or set screw 98 an arm 99 which projects at
right angles and is provided at its outer end with a hinged spring actuated dog 100
terminating in a bent lip or pawl 101. In figure 11 the numeral 102 denotes the
spring one end of which is fastened upon arm 99 while its free end bears against
a right angled lip upon the dog in such a manner as to cause the lip 101 at the
outer end of the latter to bear against the row of type placed in the gutter 91.
Another arm 103 is similarly fastened adjustably upon the post 97 by means of a
binding screw 104 some distance above the lower arm 99 and the outer end of this
arm 103 is connected by a cord 105 passing over suitably arranged sheaves or pulleys
to a weight 106 which slides in a groove on one side of the copy holder 107. Thus it
will be seen that the weight 106 by its cord 105 and the arm 103 will cause the
dog 100 of arm 99 to bear with a certain amount of pressure against the row of type
in the gutter. If as the type is pushed on forward in the gutter by the addition of
new type at the inlet a type should be reached the body of which is narrower than the
rest as is the case with the "breaks" shown at b in figures 10 and 11 it follows that
the end of the lip 101 will slip into the narrow open space thus formed and carry
arm 99 with it as the row of type advances thus gradually turning the post 97 with its
fixed arm 103 and thereby gradually by pulling upon the cord 105 raising the
weight 106 which slides in a groove on one side of the copyholder.
«
"
At this point it is proper to state that the "breaks" hereinbefore referred to are
simply ordinary type bodies of type metal, brass or any other suitable material of the
same general dimensions as ordinary type but without any nicks and preferably a
little longer than the common sorts of type. As these "breaks" are without
nicks they will always pass through the machine so as to come out in the type gutter
standing sideways as shown is figures 10 and 11 in relation to the other regular type
which stands end wise thus leaving a narrow notch or opening denoted by the letter a
between each break b and the two adjacent types one on each side.
At a suitable place upon the type gutter the location of which depends upon the
length which the lines are to have, is fastened by means of a set screw 109 a
clamp 108 having a wedge shaped shoe or projection 110 the incline or bevel of which
is in the direction of the arm 99. As the free end of this arm gradually advances
towards the clamp impelled by the slowly advancing row of type the free end of the

page_text: hinged spring actuated dog 100 will ultimately reach the wedge 110 by which
it is tripped thus releasing the lip 101 when the arm impelled by the weight at the
end of the cord will fly back to its normal position at the mouth of the type gutter
and thereby indicate by the sudden dropping of the weight that it is time for the
compositor to divide his line by dropping another break into the funnel.
Meanwhile the row of type continues to advance slowly in the gutter in the
direction of the composing galley, shown at 111 which is simply a rectangular frame
provided with a series of parallel transverse partitions whereby it is divided
up into a row of parallel transverse type channels or compartments 112 of
even width. This galley is adapted to slide by its own weight down an inclined
board 113 which is provided on one side with a flanged guide rail 114.
Upon a bracket plate 115 projecting laterally from the inclined board or galley
support 113 is fixed an upwardly projecting short post 116 upon which is pivoted a
lever 117 which moves in a plane parallel to plate 115. The short arm of this lever
is connected by a spring 118 with the fixed support 113 and upon the extreme outer
end of the long arm is a pin or stud 124" upon which is pivoted a dog 119 the curved
and bifurcated outer end 120 of which is impelled by a spring 121 against the row of
type in the type gutter. The upper curved end 120 of the bifurcated dog has a hook
shaped catch 122 while the lower arm simply terminates in a curved hook 123 having
a sharp point.
Another spring actuated arm or dog 124 is pivoted upon a pin 125 on the
lever 117 and has its outer end bent to form a two fingered pawl 126 the two curved
prongs or points of which fit between the forked arms 122 and 123 of arm 119 as will
appear more clearly by reference to figures 46 and 48.
These two pivoted and spring actuated dogs or pawls 119 and 124 constitute the
feed mechanism proper whereby the row of set type is pushed into the channels of
the composing galley line by line in the manner hereinafter described and the
remaining two pawls 127 and 128 which are pivoted respectively upon the studs 129
and 130 constitute the mechanism for regulating the intermittent downward motion
of the sliding galley as the channels of the same are being gradually filled with type.
The arms or pawls 127 and 128 are pivoted on opposite sides of the fulcrum 116 of
lever 117 and it follows that by the movement of said lever they will alternately work
with the shoes 131 and 132 at their free ends sideways into the channels of the galley.
The shoe 131 of arm 127 bears with its flat back part against a pin or roller 133
fixed in the bed plate 115 and the flat shoe 132 of the other arm 128 bears and slides
upon shoe 131 which it overlaps. The guide rail 114 on the fixed board or slide 115
is slotted or cut away at the point where the free ends of the four arms 119, 124, 127
and 128 converge so that the devices at the outer ends of said arms inay have free
access to the type receiving channels in the sliding galley. A stop pin 134 fixed in
the projecting bracket or bed plate 115 upon which this mechanism is mounted prevents
the upper end of lever 117 from being thrown too far back by the tension of
spring 118 which connects the outer end of its short arms with the fixed slide.
The operation of this mechanism is as follows:
As the row of type on its way to the galley in which the continuous row is broken
up into separate lines advances slowly against that particular channel which stands
opposite to or registers with the type gutter with the prongs of arm 124 projecting
into the notch or space formed in the row of type by one of the "breaks" as shown on
the plan view figure 10 the advancing row of type will carry arm 124 with it
thereby slowly moving the long arm of lever 117 to which this arm 124 is attached
in the direction of the galley. As arm 119 is attached to this lever 117 at a greater
distance from the fulcrum 116 than arm 124 it follows that this last named arm 119
will move faster than 124 thus bringing its curved and hooked head to move in
advance of the hook shaped prongs of arm 124. As the hooks 122 and 123 of
arm 119 press against the last type in the row preceding the "break" forming the
notch or recess which engages the prongs of arm 124 and impels the whole mechanism
it follows that that part of the continuous row of type against which the head 122
presses will gradually become detached from the body of type forming the row on

page_text: "
the other side of the "break" said detached portion being pushed slowly in advance
of the continuous body so as to gradually increase the width of the open space
between the two bodies of type. In this manner the detached row of type forming
one line is shoved or pushed by lever 119 into its appropriate channel in the composing
galley until the last type in the row has just passed beyond the slotted guide rail 114
against one side of which the galley rests. At this point that being the terminus of
a line another "break will occur in the continuous row of type indicating the
beginning of a new line and at precisely the same moment arm 124 will have
advanced so far as to cause a bevelled projection 135 on arm 124 to strike against a
pin 136 (figures 46 and 48) fixed in the bed plate 115 whereby the head of arm 124 is
thrown upward out of the way so as to release its prongs from the notch in the row
of type and as arm 124 is thus disengaged from the row of type it will also
disengage arm 119 by striking against its inner side thus releasing both heads of
arms 119 and 124 respectively from contact with the type. At the same moment
the retaining pawls 127 and 128 will be in such a position as to release their hold
upon the galley thereby allowing it to drop by its own gravity upon the inclined
slide a distance corresponding to the width of one of the type channels thus lowering
the channel just filled with type one space and bringing a fresh or empty channel
opposite to the feed mechanism and the continuous row of type from which another
section or line will presently be detached in the same manner; and so on until the
galley has been filled.
;
In order to avoid the jar which might result from the sudden dropping or lowering
of the galley especially when partially filled with type the full width of a channel at
once or by a single operation each lowering or dropping of the galley is caused to be
made in two separate movements the galley dropping or sliding during each of these
movements for a space corresponding to half the width of a type channel only. It
is with this object in view that two alternately reciprocating retaining dogs 127
and 128 are employed the free ends of which as they engage the sliding galley
play on opposite sides of the transverse partitions by which the type channels are
formed the galley dropping half a space or channel width at each vibration of the
lever 117.
In composing matter in the English language a "space" or blank type is used for
every sixth letter on an average for the purpose of dividing the words from one
another. These "spaces" may occupy compartments in the cases or type trays as
usual from which they may be fed into the hopper by hand the same as ordinary type
whenever wanted. But in order to save time in the use of the "space" which occurs
so frequently a very simple attachment to this machine has been devised whereby the
spaces" may be placed directly in their proper places in the type gutter without
passing through the machine at all and I shall now proceed to describe this attachment
the construction and operation of which will be readily understood by reference to
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11.
وو
An auxiliary gutter or magazine 137 is used which is filled with "spaces or
space-type of even size pressed against by a spring 138 arranged in the rear portion
of the magazine so that the spring will exercise a continuous pressure against the
row of type in the magazine thereby forcing the first "space" in the row i.e. the one
next in order to be fed into the machine up against an offset or shoulder 139 in the
magazine channel. At this point the channel is narrower as shown at 140 so as to
correspond to the narrowest width or thickness of the type so that this may be pushed
into the reduced chute or channel sideways and through the chute 140 into the type
gutter 90-91 into which said chute opens as will be seen more clearly by reference
to figures 6 and 7.
This pushing of a space" from the "space" magazine 137 into the type gutter
through the chute 140 is done in the following manner. An elbow lever or bell
crank 141 (figures 5, 8 and 9) is hung upon a fulcrum pin 142 suitably fastened in
any convenient part of the frame and provided with a knob 143 at the outer end of
its horizontal arm said knob being so located as to be within easy and convenient

page_text: "
reach of the operator standing in front of the machine. At the lower end of the
vertical arm or projection 144 (figure 8) projecting through a slot in one side of the
magazine just below the shoulder or offset 139 and it follows that when the knob 143
is depressed this shoe 144 (which is also indicated in section in figure 7) will enter
the slot in the magazine with which it registers and push the "space" type which
stands up against the shoulder to one side so as to clear said shoulder or offset and
shove it into the reduced duct or chuto 140. This being already filled with "spaces'
the "space" nearest the type gutter is pushed into this edgewise in its proper place
while the spring behind the row of type in the magazine will press the whole column
forward thereby forcing a new space" up against the shoulder 139 in place of the
one which has been shoved into the reduced channel leading to the type gutter. Thus
it will be seen that by each depression of the knob 143 a "space" is fed into its
appropriate place in the type gutter 91. At each depression of the knob a suitably
arranged spring brings arm 141 back into its normal position.
«
The space magazine 137, may if desired be so arranged as to dispense with the
spring 138 simply by arranging it on an inclined plane so that the "spaces" will
slide into position against the shoulder 139 by the gravity of the column of type in
the inclined magazine.
In several places in the foregoing part of the specification the funnel shaped hopper
or chute into which the types are dropped one by one by the compositor have already
been briefly referred to and through which they are fed to the "trap" where the
initial performance of the machine takes place. In figures 49, 50 and 51 the
construction of this hopper is illustrated in detail and by reference to these figures
it will be seen that the funnel R is provided with an extension r on one side forming
a flaring guard which will conduct any type that may fall upon it down into the
hopper. The latter may be supported in any suitable manner upon and in front of
the case or frame in such a manner as to be within easy and convenient reach of the
compositor; by preference the hopper is inserted through an aperture in a shelf or
tablet fastened upon the front side of the frame and having an upwardly turned
flange or guard as shown on the drawings. If any type should miss the mouth of
the funnel or its guard they will fall upon this table from which they may readily
be picked up and put back into the funnel. The lower part of the funnel may be
provided with a leg or support s which may be stepped into the frame of the machine
so as to fix the lower end of the hopper in its proper position relative to the "trap"
in which the type is deposited as it starts on its travel through the machine.
"
The hopper R with its guard r is constructed of tin or any other suitable metal
and is lined with felt f which is in turn covered with smooth oil skin or thin lacquered
leather with the smooth and glossy side facing the interior of the funnel. By these
means the sharp corners of the type are prevented from being abraded or otherwise
injured as they strike the sides of the funnel or the inclined guider the smooth inner
side of which causes them to slip easily through the funnel without sticking.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent and in what manner the same
is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The construction and use of type setting or composing apparatus, consisting of
the following combined parts a funnel or hopper into which successive types are
thrown in proper order but without regard to their attitudes-a trip lever which when
acted on by each descending type makes an electrical contact causing an electro-
magnet to be excited-a clutch device actuated by the armature of the electro-magnet
so as to engage the driving shaft of the apparatus with a suitable motor during one
revolution a gate and passages through and along which each type is caused to
slide subject to the action of fingers which if necessary turn it flatwise of a spring
lever which raises the type if permitted of inverting nippers which turn a raised type
half round to present its character uppermost and of shouldered ribs on the guides so
arranged relatively to the nick of the type as to determine its height when presented

page_text: to the inverting nippers and to turn it if necessary so that its nick is always presented
in one direction-a pusher which transfers the adjusted types successively into a
gutter or channel and pushes the row of types onwards-and the cams, cranks and
connections for working the above mentioned moving parts substantially as described
and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
2. For marking separations of a continuous row of types into lines, the construction
and use of indicating apparatus operating in conjunction with special break types
differing in dimensions from the ordinary types substantially as described.
3. For separating a row of types into lines determined by break types such as are
referred to in the preceding claim the construction and use of a grooved frame
moved step by step so as to present its successive grooves to the advancing row of
types by mechanism actuated by the successive break types substantially as described.
4. The combination of a compositor's type case with the apparatus referred to in
the first claim substantially as described and illustrated by the drawings.
11 1
.