Improvements in Machines for Filling Sacks, Barrels, and the like.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Jan., 1896-Accepted, 22nd Feb., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Filling Sacks, Barrels, and
the like.
I, WILHELM FREDENHAGEN, of Offenbach-on-the-Main, in the German Empire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly icseribed and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to a machine for filling and compressing powdered or
granular material into sacks, barrels, bags and the like.
The principal features of the machine are the arrangement whereby the material
to be packed in a sack or barrel is subjected to an absolutely constant pressure,
the arrangement whereby sacks of different length can be filled with one and the
same machine, and the arrangement whereby in filling sacks, barrels, bags and
the like the escape of dust is avoided even when dealing with finely powdered
material.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure I is a side view of my improved machine for filling sacks, barrels and
the like:
Figure 2 is a front view of the same:
Figures 3 and 4 are detail views drawn to an enlarged scale:
Figures 5 and 6 are views similar to Figures 1 and 2 of a slightly modified
machine:
Figures 7 and 8 are views of a detail drawn to an enlarged scale.
As shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 6 the inachiue comprises a frame A, a filling
tube B through which the material to be packed is forced downwards by any
suitable means, and a platform or slide C carried by a chain D, the said chain
being attached to cones E mounted on a shaft F in such a manner that by turning
the shaft in one direction or the other the slide C is either raised or lowered.
On the shalt F is arranged at one end a spirally grooved conical pulley G
resembling the fusee of a watch and shewn in Figures 3 and 4, and at the other end
a brake H.
I are vertical guide bars for the slide C to which, in cases in which the machine
is designed for filling sacks alone or for alternately filling sacks and barrels, is
attached a ring K which forms an essential part of the invention. In Figures 7
and 8 two forms of the said ring K are shewn. L is a cover or sack enclosing the
filling tube, the upper end of the said cover or sack being connected to the frame
of the machine and the lower end, in machines designed for filling sacks and the
like, being connected to the ring K and in machines for filling barrels, being
connected to a flange M carried by a strap N the length of which is adjustable.
O is a foot lever by means of which the brake H is operated and which, when
the machine is designed for filling sacks and barrels, is also connected with a
tension device P. Q which serves to stretch the belt R whereby the said belt raises
the slide C I by means of a pulley T on the driving shaft S of the machine
through the medium of a pulley U on the shaft F.
The filling of the sack or barrel X is effected as follows:-The sack is
attached to the ring K or the barrel is placed on the slide C I, which latter
is then raised so high that the bottom of the slide approaches as near as possible
to the lower end of the filling tube B. In order to bring the slide CI into this
position the conical pulley G on the shaft F is provided with a cord V wound
round the same and having a weight W suspended from its free end.

page_text: If, now, the foot lever O be depressed the brake H is released and the slide CI
is drawn upwards as the moment of the weight W on the shaft F is greater than
the weight of the slide.
As, however, the cord V is wound on the part of the conical pulley G having
the largest diameter when the slide CI is in its lowest position the weight of the
slide is easily overcome when the brake H is released and as the moment of the
weight W about the shaft F decreases as the slide rises the velocity of the slide
diminishes the nearer it approaches the lower end of the tube 1, thus preventing
the slide CI from striking the end of the tube with sufficient force to injure the
machine, Another advantage arising from the employment of the spirally grooved
pulley G is that when filling the sack or harrel X the additional weight added to
the slide CI by the material which is filled into the sack or barrel as the slide
moves downwards is correspondingly counter-balanced by the increased leverage
of the weight W attached to the cord V which is wound up on the pulley G
whilst the degree of pressure of the material in the sack or barrel X is regulated
by the brake H which is provided with a weight.
When the sack or barrel X is quite filled the machine is stopped by the
projection a striking against the lever b which operates the friction coupling c
(Figures 5 and 6). The slide C I, however, must be lowered still further to allow
the filled sack or barrel X to be removed from the same. If the cord V during
this part of the motion of the slide CI were to wind itself on the pulley G so as
to increase the leverage of the weight W, that is to say, if the pulley G should
have a regularly increasing diameter from the beginning to the end of the motion,
then during the downward movement of the slide CI after the sack or barrel X
has been filled the moment of the weight W on the shaft F would still increase,
which is not desirable as the weight of the sack or barrel does not increase. The
latter part of the pulley G is therefore as shewn in Figures 3 and 4, reduced in
diameter so that the downward motion of the slide C I after the sack or barrel
has been filled occurs directly the brake H has been released.
As, however, the position of the projection a, which stops the machine when the
sack or barrel X has been filled, can be ndjusted according to the width and height
of the sack or barrel to be filled it is advantageous to make the position of the
pulley G on the shaft F also adjustable. A simple method of adjusting the position
of the pulley is shewn in Figure 4 in which the end of the shaft F is made square
and the boss of the pulley G is provided with a correspondingly shaped hole.
By attaching the chain D with its free ends to the smaller ends of the cones E
so that it winds itself on the said cones so as to gradually approach the larger ends
of the same when the slide C I moves upwards, the inertia of the slide C I when in
its lowest position is easily overcome, and by decreasing the leverage of the weight W
on the shaft the leverage of the chain D'on the cones E increases whereby, during
the upward motion of the slide C1, the force exerted by the weight W diminishes
quickly and becomes finally only sufficient to counterbalance the slide CI.
The cones on which the chain D is wound are designed to enable the force
exerted by the counterweight on the slide to rapidly increase although the diameter
of the spiral only increases slightly and this result is obtained by the chain D
unwinding itself from the cones E from the larger end to the smaller end during
the downward movement of the slide C I whereby the latter acts on the shaft F
with a gradually diminishing leverage whilst the counterweight W at the same
time acts on the said shaft with a gradually increasing leverage so that the resultant
action of the counterweight W on the shaft F depends on the ratio of the large
diameter of the cone E to the least diameter of the pulley G, and of the small
diameter of the cone E to the greatest diameter of the pulley G.
In the case of machines designed for filling sacks it is necessary that the same
machine be adapted for filling sacks of different lengths. To this end the slide
frame I is provided, as shewn in Figures 1 and 8, with a ring K the depth of which
corresponds to the difference in length of the sacks, the said ring being clasped by
the band or clasp e which hangs either, as shewn in Figure 1, from the straps for,

page_text: as shewn in Figure 8, from the spiral springs 7; or the slide frame I may be
provided with a narrow ring d clasped by a band or clasp e in which case, however,.
the ring K is suspended by means of a spring, as shewn in Figure 7.
The sack X is, as shewn in Figures 1 and 8, pushed over the ring K as far as
possible and attached by means of the band or clasp e to the same and if it does not
then rest on the bottom of the slide it hangs, when the machine commences working,
until the slide C touches the bottom of the same and commences its downward
movement. The sack X is then either pulled from underneath the clasp e (Figure 1).
or the clasp e and sack X move on the ring K (Figure 8) or the ring K is drawn
downwards with the clasp d, putting the spring 9 in tension as shewn in
Figure 7.
In order to obviate the escape of dust the filling tube B is, as shewn in Figures 2, 5.
and 6, enclosed in a cover or sack L the upper end of which is attached to the
frame A of the machine and the lower end of the same to the ring K as shewn
in Figures 2 and 6. In machines designed for the filling of barrels (see Figure 5).
the said lower end is connected to a flange M which is carried by straps N, adjust-
able in length or by other suitable means so that the flange M after the barrel has
been filled does not take part in the final downward movement of the slide CI for
allowing the barrel X to be removed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A. machine for filling sacks, barrels and the like having a platform or slide,.
adapted to receive the barrel or sack, and a counterweight the force of which.
increases gradually during the descent of the slide and automatically raises the
same substantially as described.
2. A machine for filling sacks, barrels and the like of the kind described in which
the increase in the weight for balancing the slide only continues, during the descent
of the said slide, until the barrel or sack is filled, the said weight not increasing
during the further movement of the slide for the purpose of allowing the sack or
barrel to be removed substantially as described.
3. In machines for filling sacks, barrels and the like of the kind described in
Claims 1 and 2 means whereby sacks of different lengths automatically assume the
correct position for filling substantially as described.
4. In machines for filling sacks, barrels and the like of the kind described in.
the preceding claims the dust tight connection of the framing of the machine with.
the device for suspending the sacks or the device which is attached to the open end
of the barrel or the like to be filled substantially as described.
5. The improved machines for filling sacks, barrels or the like hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 1st day of January 1896.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.