,AST HARDING STRE NEAR FLEET STREET
Year: 1853

page_text: LONDON:
PRINTED BY GEORGE E. EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,
PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY :
PUBLISHED AT THE QUEEN'S PRINTING OFFICE, EAST HARDING STRE
NEAR FLEET STREET.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Constantine Jennings, of S, Great
Tower Street, in the City of London, for the Invention. of "IK-
"
TROVERENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCATT
.
Sealed the 2nd November 1853, and dated the 2nd May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Constantine
Jennings at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 2nd May 1853. .
I, HENRY CONSTANTINE JENNINGS, of 8, Great Tower Strect, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in converting stearine into soap by means
of a carbonated alkali, with heat, instead of employing a caustic ley or
alkali together with long boiling. I use, in combination with stearine
Fobtained from palm oil, tallow, or any other vegetable or animal sub-
stance that yields stearine, such portions of common fat or rosin, or
other substance or substances, when desired, as shall tend to cheapen
and produce the more common kinds of soaps. The result of the pro-
cess is to obtain a harder and more neutral soap, and at less expence.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Constantine Jennings in the Great Seal
Patent Office, on the 2nd November 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
HENRY CONSTANTINE JENNINGS, of 8, Grent Tower Street, in the City
of London, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by flor
Letters Patent, bearing, date the Second day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteen year
of Her reign, did, for Herself,.. Her heirs and successors, give and ant
unto me, the said Henry Constantine Jennings, Her special licence that
I, the said Henry Constantine Jenifings, my excentors. administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I; the said Henry Constantine Jennings, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree wit'.. and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term.
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise. and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Henry Constantine Jennings, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and scal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was fo
be performed, and cause the same to he filed in the Great Sea
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that the said Henry Constantine Jennings,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention consists in converting stearine into soap, by means
of a carbonated alkali, with heat, instead of employing a caustic ley or
alkali together with long boiling. I use, in combination with stearine
obtained from palm oil, tallow, or any other vegetable or animal sub-
stance that yields stearine, such portions of common fat or rosin, or

page_text: shall tend to cheapen
The result of the pro-
other substance or substances. when desired, as
and produce the more common kinds of soaps.
cess is to obtain a harder and more neutral soap, and at a less expense.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will procced
to describe the means pursued by me:-Combine one thousand pounds
of stearic or margaric acids, as free from cleain or olciane as possible,
or palmatine, or any vegetable or animal stearine, or margarine, at the
temperature of two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit, with a
solution of bi-carbonate of potassa, or soda, which solution shall have a
specific gravity of about one thousand five hundred degrees; constantly
stir or mix until an intimate combination is obtained, and that the
elements will not part when tried upon glass. or any other similar
substance (which will possess on or about 6 and per center of
alkali); when the mass is cooled down to about sixty degrees of Fal-
renheit, add one pound per centem of aqua ammonia, of about eight
hundred and cighty degrees specific gravity, and one pound per center
of the strongest solution of caustic potassa; these are to be added
gradually, and fully mixed or stirred, until perfectly combined. Dissolve
fifteen to eighteen lbs. per centem of common rosin of commerce,
by boiling it with a solution of sub-carbonate of potassa, and common
soda of commerce, in equal parts, or as much as will give the solution
a specific gravity of or about one thousand eight hundred degrees when
boiling hot. Mix these perfectly with the above recited stearic or.mar-
garic acids, and carbonated alkali, as recited; then add a strong solution
of caustic potassa, or soda, until a perfect saponification is produced.
The dose of caustic alkali will much depend upon the purity of the
stearine or margarine employed. The separation is now effected by
using common salt, or sulphate of soda, &c., as is known and practised
by soap manufacturers.
If the soap intended to be produced is to be colorless, 'no rosin
must be employed, and a larger dose of aqua ammonia and caustic
alkali must be used according to the dryness of the stearic matter to
be operated upon.
I claim the use of carbonated alkalis, whether vegetable or animal.
in combination with stearine or margarine, palmatine. or any other

page_text: similar substance whatever, and aqua ainmonia, for the production of
soaps, and effecting saponification at a low, temperature, by these
combinations.
:
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Constantine Jennings,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of
November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-three.
H. C. JENNINGS. (L.S.)
Witness, JNO. ALCOCK.