AN IMPROVED COLD PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULPS AND BLEACHED OR UNBLEACHED TEXTILE FIBRES, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1884

page_text: We HIPPOLYTE VESSIER, Chemist, and AMÉDÉE WILBAUX, Engineer, both of
Boulevard Saint Denis 1 at Paris do hereby declare the nature of our invention
for "AN IMPROVED COLD PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULPS AND
BLEACHED OR UNBLEACHED TEXTILE FIBRES, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR" to be as
follows:-
This invention has for object a cold process for the manufacture or production of
paper pulps and bleached or unbleached textile fibres from fibrous plants or textile
materials adapted for the purpose such as various straws, alfas, brooms, flax, hemp,
cotton, ramie, old printed or colored papers, manuscripts, rags, woods, and sundry
other substances by a process which comprises a succession of the following
operations.
•
1. Cold lixiviation or lye washing. The substances above referred to are sub-
mitted to immersion or steeping for from 1 to 8 hours, according to the nature of
the substance, in a cold chemical bath formed of a solution of caustic soda varying
from 10° to 25° Baumé according to the particular substance operated upon.
The
base of the bath being soda we can employ salt of soda or carbonate of soda with
the addition of 50 per cent of lime (chaux grasse) which is previously dissolved by
steam and drawn off when the desired degree has been obtained.
After steeping in the bath, the substances are triturated, rags in a beating
trough or washing engine (pile défileuse), and plants, old papers, & by mill-stones
while, in the case of textile fibres, suitable for spinning, they are washed and
bleached on leaving the bath as in the ordinary way.
2. Washing, whitening and rinsing. The pulp obtained from the beating trough
or mill is placed into a special washing and whitening apparatus in which the
washing, whitening and rinsing are effected successively without removing the
materials under treatment. This apparatus is composed of a vertical shaft sup-
ported at its lower end in a bearing or socket, and carrying arms arranged in pairs
diametrically opposite each other. The shaft and aruns are contained within a
cylinder having a number of fixed arms arranged in pairs diametrically opposite
each other. At the lower part of the apparatus is a perforated straining plate
ID 87

page_text: which a strip of caoutchouc continually cleans. The plate is supported by a
number of radial arms carried by a ring. There is an outlet for the pulp
immediately above the straining plate regulated by a valve or sluice. There is a
cock immediately above the bottom of the apparatus for carrying off the washing
and rinsing water, and there is another cock also immediately above the bottom of
the apparatus for recovering the chemical substances employed in whitening so
that they may be used again There are also at the upper part of the apparatus a
water supply cock and a cock for the supply of the chemical substances for
whitening. The operation of the apparatus is as follows: The apparatus is charged
with from 250 to 300 kilogrammes of the product obtained from the beating
trough or from the mill; the water supply cock is opened and when the apparatus
is full the water outlet cock is opened and the vertical shaft with its arms is caused
to rotate at a speed of 10 to 20 revolutions per minute. When the water runs
clear from the outlet cock the water supply cock is closed and the substance is
allowed to drain to the extent thought necessary and then the cock for supplying
the chemical substances is opened and left open until a sufficient quantity has been
supplied. The agitator is again put in motion until the substance under treatment
has attained the desired whiteness. The cock for running off the chemical
substances is now opened and the matter under treatment left to drain. After
draining, the cock is closed and rinsing is then proceeded with in the same way as
the washing. When the rinsing is over the valve or sluice for running off the
pulp is opened and the apparatus is thus emptied and made ready for further
operations.
3. Bleaching: The bleaching is effected by means of a special chemical combi-
nation formed of one part of chloride of lime and 7 parts of chloride of sodium, but
the quantities and proportions will vary according to the particular substance
which is under treatment.

page_text: and Bleached or Unbleached Textile. Fibres, and Apparatus
therefor.
C
We HIPPOLYTE VESSIER, Chemist, and AMÉDÉE WILBAUX, Engineer, both of
Boulevard Saint Denis I at Paris do hereby declare the nature of our invention
for AN IMPROVED COLD PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULPS AND
BLEACHED OR UNBLEACHED TEXTILE FIBRES, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR" and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for object a cold process for the manufacture or production of
paper pulps and bleached or unbleached textile fibres from fibrous plants or textile
materials adapted for the purpose such as various straws, alfas, brooms, flax, hemp,
cotton, ramie, old printed or colored papers, manuscripts, rags, woods and sundry
other substances by a process which comprises a succession of the following
operations.
The
1. Cold lixiviation or lye washing. The substances above referred to are sub-
mitted to immersion or steeping for from 1 to 8 hours according to the nature of
the substance in a cold chemical bath formed of a solution of caustic soda varying.
from 10° to 25° Baumé according to the particular substance operated upon.
base of the bath being soda we can employ salt of soda or carbonate of soda with
the addition of 50 per cent of lime (chaux grasse) which is previously, dissolved by
steam and drawn off when the desired degree has been obtained.
After steeping in the bath, the substances are triturated,-rags in a beating
trough or washing engine (pilo défileuse).and plants, old papers &° by mill-stones,
while in the case of textile fibres suitable for spinning they are washed and
bleached on leaving the bath as in the ordinary way.
2. Washing, whitening and rinsing. The pulp obtained from the beating trough
or mill is placed in a special washing and whitening apparatus in which the
washing, whitening and rinsing are effected successively without removing the
materials under treatment. This apparatus is represented in the annexed drawings
Figure 1 being a sectional elevation and Figure 2 a horizontal section. It is
composed of a driving wheel A keyed on a vertical shaft B which is supported at
its lower end in a bearing or socket C. The shaft B carries arins g arranged in
pairs diametrically opposite each other. The shaft and arms are contained within
a cylinder D having a number of fixed arms f arranged in pairs diametrically
opposite each other. At the lower part of the apparatus is a perforated straining
plate F which a strip of caoutchouc J continually cleans. The plate F is supported
by a number of radial arms & carried by a ring E. There is an outlet for the pulp
immediately above the straining plate regulated by a valve or sluice G. There is
a cock H immediately above the bottom of the apparatus for carrying off the
washing and rinsing water and there is another cock I also immediately above the
bottom of the apparatus for recovering the chemical substances employed in
whitening so that they may be used again. There are also at the upper part of

page_text: the apparatus a water supply cock K and a cock L for the supply of the chemical
substances for whitening. The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-The
apparatus is charged with from 250 to 300 kilogrammes of the product obtained
from the beating trough or from the mill; the water supply cock K is opened and
when the apparatus is full the water outlet cock H is opened and the vertical
shaft B with its arms g. is caused to rotate at a speed of 10 to 20 revolutions per
minute. When the water runs clear from the outlet cock H the water supply
cock K is closed and the substance is allowed to drain to the extent thought
necessary and then the cock L for supplying the chemical substances is opened and
left open until a sufficient quantity has been supplied. The agitator is again put
in motion until the substance under treatment has attained the desired whiteness.
The cock I for running off the chemical substances is now opened and the matter
under treatment left to drain. After draining, the cock is closed, and rinsing is
then proceeded with in the same way as the washing. When the rinsing is over
the valve or sluice G for running off the pulp is opened and the apparatus is thus
emptied and made ready for further operations.
3. Bleaching. The bleaching is effected by means of a special chemical combi-
nation formed of one part of chloride of lime and 7 parts of chloride of sodium,
but the quantities and proportions will vary according to the particular substance
which is under treatment.
The characteristic features of our invention are, first, the cold lixiviation or lye
washing of materials suitable for the manufacture of paper or textile fibres in. a
bath of the nature described; second, the washing, whitening and rinsing in an
apparatus such as that shown in the drawing, these operations being effected
successively without removing the matters under treatment; and third, the
bleaching by means of the special chemical combination described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1. The cold process hereinbefore described for the purposes set forth.
2. The apparatus hereinbefore described for the purposes set forth.