Assimilable Phosphates and of Sulphate of Ammonia.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd July, 1886.
Complete Left, 1st Apr., 1887.
"Complete Accepted, 10th May, 1887.
Assimilable Phosphates and of Sulphate of Ammonia.
I, ERNEST SOLVAY of 19 Rue du Prince Albert, Brussels in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
When any phosphate of lime is attacked by sulphuric acid, almost insoluble sulphate
of lime and soluble monobasic phosphate of lime are produced which mixture constitutes
the usual superphosphate of commerce. These two salts may be separated one from
the other by filtration or otherwise or they may be left intermixed.
I have discovered a process by means of which a very large portion of the acid
employed for this purpose may be economized or at least may be recovered by
combining the said manufacture with that of ammoniacal salts in the following
manner.
If ammonia in a gaseous or liquid state be placed in presence of monobasic phosphate
of lime, an insoluble bibasic phosphate of lime and phosphate of ammonia are formed.
I prefer to use the proportions required for the said phosphate of ammonia to be also
bibasic. The two salts produced may be separated one from the other by filtration or
otherwise or they may be left intermixed.
In any case by this process I obtain phosphate of lime having an agricultural value
equal to that of superphosphate and in addition thereto phosphate of ammonia which
is very valuable for agricultural purposes.
If it be preferred to obtain all the phosphoric acid as phosphate of ammonia, the
bibasic phosphate of lime is treated over again by sulphuric acid as hereinbefore
described but it is then more simple to add at first the required quantity of sulphuric
acid to take up all the lime-Inversely, if it be preferred to obtain all the phosphoric
acid in a state of phosphate of lime, the phosphate of ammonia is treated by a suitable
salt of lime

page_text: But even more ammonia may be fixed for I have discovered that the sulphate of
lime obtained in the first part of my process and which I prefer to separate, is
particularly suited to effect the double decomposition with the carbonate of ammonia;
by placing these two bodies in presence with water and agitating or stirring them
violently, I very easily obtain soluble sulphate of ammonia and insoluble carbonate of
lime, which may be separated by filtration or otherwise or may be left intermixed-so
that ultimately the whole of the sulphuric acid employed has produced a corresponding
quantity of sulphate of ammonia and besides that, I obtain both phosphate of lime
and phosphate of ammonia or only one of these two phosphates having great
agricultural value.
The general mixture of all these products constitutes a mixed manure of the most
powerful kind.
חוות
T
A D 1000

page_text: Assimilable Phosphates and of Sulphate of Ammonia.
I, ERNEST SOLVAY, of 19 Rue du Prince Albert, Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for NEW OR
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS MANUFACTURE OF ASSIMILABLE PHOSPHATES
AND OF SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
When any phosphate of lime is attacked by sulphuric acid, almost insoluble sulphate
of lime and soluble monobasic phosphate of lime are produced which mixture constitutes
the usual superphosphate of commerce. These two salts may be separated one from
the other by filtration or otherwise or they may be left intermixed.
I have discovered a process by means of which a very large portion of the acid
employed for this purpose may be economized or at least may be recovered by
combining the said manufacture with that of ammoniacal salts in the following
manner:
If ammonia in a gaseous or liquid state be placed in presence of monobasic phosphate
of lime, an insoluble bibasic phosphate of lime and phosphate of ammonia are formed.
I prefer to use the proportions required for the said phosphate of ammonia to be also
bibasic. The two salts produced may be separated one from the other by filtration or
otherwise or they may be left intermixed.
In any case by this process, I obtain phosphate of lime having an agricultural value
equal to that of superphosphate and in addition thereto phosphate of ammonia which
is very valuable for agricultural purposes.
If it be preferred to obtain all the phosphoric acid as phosphate of ammonia, the
bibasic phosphate of lime is treated over again by sulphuric acid as hereinbefore
described but it is then more simple to add at first the required quantity of sulphuric
acid to take up all the lime. Inversely if it be preferred to obtain all the phosphoric
acid in a state of phosphate of lime, the phosphate of ammonia is treated by a suitable
salt of lime.
But even more ammonia may be fixed, for I have discovered that the sulphate of
lime obtained in the first part of my process and which I prefer to separate, is
particularly suited to effect the double decomposition with the carbonate of ammonia :
by placing these two bodies in presence with water and agitating or stirring them
violently, I very easily obtain soluble sulphate of ammonia and insoluble carbonate of
lime which may be separated by filtration or otherwise or may be left intermixed, so
that ultimately the whole of the sulphuric acid employed has produced a corresponding
quantity of sulphate of ammonia and besides that, I obtain both phosphate of lime
and phosphate of ammonia or only one of these two phosphates having great
agricultural value.

page_text: The general mixture of all these products constitutes a mixed manure of the most
powerful kind.
Having now described the nature of my said invention I will proceed to describe
means pursued by me in carrying it into effect.
I mix together natural phosphates of lime and sulphuric acid as is usually done in
the manufacture of superphosphates.
When the phosphates have been completely decomposed and before the sulphate of
lime has set or hardened I add to the mixture, concentrated ammoniacal waters such
as are obtained from apparatus concentrating gas water or I let into the mixture
vapours charged with ammonia with carbonate and sulphuret of ammonia obtained
directly from the same concentrating apparatus.
The proportions to be used are those required to form bibasic phosphate of ammonia
and sulphate of ammonia while the acid phosphate of lime passes into the bibasic state
and the sulphate of lime into the state of carbonate of lime.
I promote these reactions by stirring the mixture violently. The product extracted
from the stills constitutes a complete manure. It is generally necessary to dry it
because the newly formed compounds do not absorb as much constituent water as
plaster.
Instead of effecting all the reactions at one time, they may be effected separately
by isolating the different products successively by means of filtration or otherwise.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:
The process consisting of adding to superphosphate of lime during its manufacture,
ammonia and carbonate of ammonia so as to produce a complete manure and to fix the
said ammonia without expenditure of acid.
Dated this 1st day of April 1887.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.