IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS OR MACHINERY FOR MAKING OR MANUFACTURING CANDLES
Year: 1837

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
HENRY TUCK, late of the Rainbow Coffee House, in the Parish of St. Maguus,
in the City of London, but now of Rotherhithe, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria the First,
by Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of July, in the first year of Her
reign, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-
seven, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Henry Tuck, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Joseph Henry Tuck, my executors, administrators,
and assigns,, or such others as I, the said Joseph Henry Tuck, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all Her Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS OR MACHINERY FOR MAKING OR MANUFACTURING CANDLES;" in which said,
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging nie, the said Jóseph Henry
Tuck, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next, and
甲

page_text: immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Henry Tuck, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :—
My Invention of improvements in apparatus or machinery for making or
manufacturing candles applies to two distinct parts of such manufacture, the
first feature of which is in the making or twisting and combining of yarns of
cotton by means of improved machinery, in order to form lengths of cotton
wick having the requisite equal and regular degree of twist. The second
feature applies to the making or manufacturing of mould candles by means of
stationary moulds, with other machinery, upon continuous lengths of wicking,
placed in rows or series, by means of which machinery successive rows or series
of candles are produced, one row or series after another, without the necessity
of cutting off the candles that is separating them from the lengths of wicking,
as they are severally formed in such process of manufacture in succession upon
each length of wicking, and also without the necessity of employing pressure to
force the candles when so made out of the moulds, or of removing the moulds
from one place to another, as is the case with other candle-making machinery.
As regards the first part of my improvements, the yarns of cotton are wound
upon spools or bobbins, which are mounted on the face of a revolving wheel
in such a manner that the yarns may be readily drawn off from the said spools.
The several yarns from the several spools or bobbins are led through a trumpet-
mouthed guide, which, as the spool wheel revolves, causes the yarns to be
combined and twisted together, and when twisted the rope of wicking so
formed is received on to a reel or bobbin. The rotary motion of the revolving
spool wheel is regulated by a self-adjusting apparatus, which gives the
increased speed necessary to produce the required degree of twist as the
receiving bobbin becomes filled with wicking, and consequently increases in
diameter, so that an equal and regular degree of twist is given to the wicking
throughout the whole length of the piece; at the same time the thread or
yarn as it is wound on is distributed equally along the surface of the receiving
bobbin, by means of a traversing movement given to the trumpet guide, all of
which contrivances will be perfectly understood by inspecting the accompanying
Drawings, to which I shall now refer, for the better explanation of my Invention.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a longitudinal elevation of my improved machinery for making
candle wicks; Fig. 2 is a plan of the same; and Fig. 3, an end eleva-
tion. a, a, is the framework of the apparatus, supported upon legs in any
convenient manner; b, b, are the spools upon which rovings or yarns of cotton
have been previously wound; these spools are placed loosely upon pegs fixed
in the revolving wheel c, mounted upon the axis or shaft d, which turns in
proper bearings in the framework. The wheel c is made to revolve for the
purpose of twisting the yarns in the trumpet guide n, by means of an endless
band or cord e, passed over a small pulley upon its shaft, and under and over
guide pullies, and around the deferential speed wheel f, by means of which the
rotation of the spool wheel is increased as the receiving bobbin m becomes
filled with the twisted wicking delivered through the trumpet n. The endless
band e has a weight g suspended from it, for the purpose of keeping the band
at all times at the required degree of tension, for producing a sufficient friction
to give motion to the spool wheel. The main shaft h turns in proper bearings
in the framework, and is put in motion by the winch handle on its end, or by
any other convenient means; upon this shaft the deferential speed wheel is
fixed, and also the pulley i, which gives motion by means of a band k to the
pulley on the shelf of the receiving bobbin m, which is mounted upon an axle
bearing in the upper part of the framework; the rotation of the bobbin mu
being thus effected by the band k from the pulley i, the thread or wicking is
thereby drawn through the trumpet guide n and coiled upon the bobbin m by its
rotatory motion; the wicking, as it becomes twisted and delivered from the
trumpet guide, is distributed equally along the bobbin by the following means:
The trumpet guide n is mounted upon a spindle, turning in the socket on the
lever or arm o, fixed upon the end of the vertical shaft p; upon the lower end
of this shaft is fixed the grooved elliptical pulley.q, around which is passed the
cord r, and this cord is also carried over a small pulley mounted upon an
auxiliary shaft s turning in the lower part of the standards, which shaft s
receives it motion by a band passed from a smaller pulley on the shaft h, the
cord or band being kept in proper tension by the drag weight at t. By these
means, as the shaft h revolves the cord r gives motion to the elliptical pulley q.
and that through its shaft p to the horizontal arm o and trumpet guide n, which
trumpet guide is thereby made to turn upon its spindle in the socket j as the
arm o goes round in the dotted circle, Fig. 2, but moving with a varying speed,
according to the position of the elliptical pulley q. The trumpet n is thus
made to guide the twisted cord. .of candle wicking to and fro as it. coils round.
the bobbin m from end to end. As the bobbin fills with wicking and increases
in diameter, the increased speed of the rotatory spool wheel is obtained by the

page_text: following mechanism:-A roller u (Figures 1 and 3), intended to bear against
the periphery of the wicking bobbin m, is mounted in bracket arms on the top
of the vertical sliding rod v, which sliding rod is supported by means of the
cord w, passed over a stationary pulley and attached above to the lower
horizontal bars of a frame x, x, which slides sidewise in grooves in the
standards. This sliding frame carries a long vertical roller y, which bears
latérally against the cord e for the purpose of changing the cord in the
different grooves of the deferential wheel. Suppose an empty receiving
bobbin m to be placed in the machine, the band or cord e will then be
passed around the smaller pulley of the deferential wheelf and as the
candle wicking becomes wound upon the bobbin m its increasing diameter
will depress the roller u, and also the sliding rod v, carrying down with
it the cord w, which, being attached to the sliding frame x, a*, will draw
that frame with the long roller y towards the right hand in the direction of the
arrow (in Fig. 3): This movement will cause the roller 'y to push the cord
or band E from the groove of the smallest diameter of the différential speed
wheel to the groove of the next larger diameter, and so on progressively, there
being a notch (marked **) cut through the edges of the grooves of the dif
ferential speed wheel, in order that the band may readily slip on to each suc-
ceeding pulley as the wheel comes round, for the purpose of increasing the
speed of the spool wheel, the lateral pressure of the roller y shifting the band
from oue pulley to another as the roller u becomes depressed by the increasing
diameter of the receiving bobbin, as described. When the bobbin has become
full of wicking it is to be removed and an empty one placed in the same situ
ation, the cord or band e being returned to the smaller pulley of the speed
wheel, as in the first instance.
Having now described the construction and operation of this improved
mechanism for making candle wicks, I wish it to be understood that I do no
intend to confine myself to the precise mechanism herein shewn for guiding o
distributing the cotton wick upon the receiving bobbin, as that may be effected
in different ways; nor to the precise mode of changing the speed of the dis
wheel' as the bobbin increases in size, as that might be effected by other mean
than that herein shewn; all of which variations may be adopted withou
departing materially from my improved machinery, which consists in the adap
tation of a revolving spool wheel for carrying the spools of yarn, which i
driven with various speeds, according to the increased diameter of the coile
wicking on the bobbin, together with the traversing trumpet-mouthed guide
for the purpose of conducting the cotton wick in the required manner on to th
periphery of the receiving bobbin.

page_text: .
In the second part of my Invention, (viz,) the improved. apparatus or
machinery for making mould candles in successive series one after another.
upon continuous length of wicking, the said continuous lengths of wicking inay
be wound upon bobbins, as above described, and in any convenient manner
placed in a situation near the machine, whence the wicking may be led off and
conducted through the stationary candle moulds, formed as in the usual con-
struction of moulds employed in the ordinary process of making mould candles
by hand, which moulds are placed in vertical positions in the machine, the butt
ends upwards, and are furnished with proper guides for holding the wicks
centrally in the moulds at the time of running in the tallow or other material
for making the candles, and for directing the same when it poured into the
moulds. These moulds are surrounded by boxes or chambers, for receiving
cold water or other refrigerating fluid for cooling or refrigerating the material
when in the moulds, if necessary, and steam, or hot-water, or hot-air pipe.
and chambers for slightly warming the moulds and the candles after they have
been so cooled and hardened, to allow. of their being readily drawn out of the
moulds after the top cake or superfluous tallow has been removed from the
butt ends of the candles, the warmth being so applied in order that the candles
may become loosened from the moulds, and consequently without requiring
pressure or force to be applied to start them from the moulds; and further,
these steam or hot-air or water chambers may be used to heat the moulds
before the tallow or other material is poured into the same, which may be
requisite in some instances; but these provisions are only to be applied con-
ditionally. And also this improved machinery is furnished with certain clamp
holders or receivers for holding or retaining the wicking and,'candles, which
clamp holders are placed upon a stage or platforin and are raised or drawn
upwards by mechanism, and consequently made to draw out and carry with them
the candles as they are found in rows or series on the continuous wicking, the
operation being repeated as fast as each set or row of candles are made and
hardened, thereby forming continuous series of candles one above the other, until
such a number of series of candles are hanging as the height of the machinery
will allow. When this is the case, the drawing-out clampholders are received
by. other holders or mechanism and retained thereby, the candles hanging in, a
vertical position therefrom; at this time. the raising and drawing out platform
is made to descend, and a fresh set of-clampholders or receivers caused to take
hold of another part of the continuous row of candles and wicking, when those
hanging above may be separated by cutting through the wicking as they hang
in the machine, and they will then be free to be lifted out of the apparatus
and are ready to be. separated and packed up for sale; all of which will be

page_text: better understood by referring to the accompanying Drawings, Sheet 2, which
contain several representations of my improved mechanism, and of the various
parts thereof.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of my improved candle-making machinery,
shewing the positions of the parts of the machine after two sets or series
of candles have been made one above the other, and are hanging in the
clampholders, supported by the drawing up frame; Fig. 2 is an end eleva-
tion of the same. Fig. 3 is a top view of the framing of the machinery, and
the shafts and pullies for raising the drawing-out and receiving platforms. Fig.
4 is a plan view of the receiving platform and its component parts detached
from the machine. Fig. 5 is a top view of the draining-out frame with
the retaining clampholders resting thereon, also shewn detached from the
machine; Fig. 6 is a top view of the candle moulds with their wick guides,
shewn placed above the same, and in the position the parts are in when the
moulds are ready to receive a change of tallow or other material; Fig. 6* is a
side representation of a part of this Figure, drawn upon an enlarged scale for
the purpose of better exhibiting the parts and arrangements of the guides,
which are now in the position to hold the wicks central within the moulds, and
ready for being filled with the melted tallow or other material. Fig. 7 is a top
view of the mould and the framing, with the wick guides placed in the situa-
tion for allowing the candles being drawn out. Fig. 7 is another enlarged
side representation of part of this Figure, shewing the situation of the parts
when the wick and tallow guides have been moved out of the way, after the sets
of moulds have been filled and the candles formed, so as to allow of their being
drawn out of the moulds ready for another set or series of candles being formed
upon the wicking. Fig. 8 is a view of the machine as seen on the under side,
shewing the different series of moulds, and the manner of conducting the
wicking thereto by means of wires. Fig 9 is a perspective representation of
the arrangement and construction of the cold-water or refrigerating chambers
in which the series of moulds are placed, and also the hot-air, steam, or water
pipes and chambers appertaining thereto; Fig. 10 is a cross section of the
same. Fig. 11 and 12 are side and plan views of the clearing knife for
removing the top cake or superfluous tallow after a set or series of moulds
have been filled and the candles cooled. a, a, is the fixed framework and
standards of the machine; b, b, the sets or series of ordinary moulds fixed
therein, and through which the lengths of continuous wicking are passed
from the bobbins c, c, mounted, turning loosely on shafts or wires placed
in any convenient manner near the machine, as shewn in the Figures; d
is the drawing-out and lifting platform or frame, upon which the several

page_text: clamp holders e, e, are placed, one set of which is shewn detached in several
views at Figures 13, 14, 15, and 16. Fig. 13 is a plan view, shewing the parts
of the clampholders open before receiving the continuous length of wicking
between them; Fig. 14 is an end view of the same; and Fig. 15 is a plan
view of the holder when the parts are put together holding the wicking;
Fig. 16 is a side view of the same. 1 is the middle piece; 2, 2, the side
pieces, which are tonged and grooved one into the other in order to take fast
hold of the wicking when they are placed together by means of the wedge-
shaped pieces and staples at 3, 3. These clampholders are placed upon the
drawing-up frame d, which is guided by the standards. The clampholders
are held in the proper situation by means of steadying pins fixed on the frame
passing through holes in the piece 1 of the clamp holders, which are also
furnished with staples for the hooks of the receiving frame to take hold of, as
will be hereafter explained. The drawing-up frame is suspended by means of
the cords f, f, attached thereto, and passed over winding-on rollers or drums
9, 9, upon the shaft h, h, turning in bearings at the top of the machine, which
shaft is set in motion when required by means of a band or cord i, passed over
a pulley on the end of the shaft, and over another pulley on the axle of the
winch handle k, which is furnished with a pall and ratchet wheel to retain
the drawing-up frame in any situation required. is the receiving frame for
taking the lengths of series of candles when the drawing frame has arrived at
the top of the machine, or whenever a sufficient number of candles have been
made. This receiving frame is also suspended upon cords m, m, and is capable
of being up and down the machine so as to take hold of the clampholders at
any required period by means of the winding-on drums n, n, round which the
cords m are passed, which drums are placed upon the other shaft o, turning in
bearings in the top part of the framework, and having a rotatory motion given
to it through the pulley on its end, and the band p passed round a small pulley
upon the axis of the winch handle q, which is also furnished with a pall
and ratchet wheel to retain the holding frame in any required situation in
the machine. The sets or series of candle moulds are severally placed in the
machine in the compartment or chamber marked ", 1, Fig. 9, which is a repre-
sentation of the cooling and warming chambers detached from the machine
and without the moulds, the lower ends or nozzles of the moulds protruding
through the bottom plates of the chambers, and are soldered or otherwise
fastened, steam and water tight, thereto, and their upper ends or butts
are fastened to the top pieces t, t, (Figures 6, 6*, 7, 7*,) upon which pieces
the melted tallow or other material is poured in order to fill the moulds. u, u*,

page_text: are transverse sliding pieces which form the sides of the filling place, and serve
as guides for the tallow, one pair of each to each set or series of moulds. One
half of the number of these pieces (say, the left-hand ones u,) are connected by
pins or other fastenings to the longitudinal sliding bars 'v, v, (see Figures
6, 6, 7, 7) which extend along the machine, moving in proper grooves or
guides. in the framework. These sliding bars are attached at one end to the
lever (see Figures 1 and 2), by which means the pieces u are moved simul-
taneously throughout the machine, either over one half of the mouths or butts
of the moulds or away from them; to the longitudinal sliding bars v are also
connected, in the same manner, the one half of the several series of guides w
(say, the right-hand ones a,) for conducting the wicks and keeping them central
with the moulds when they are being filled. These guides are formed of plate
metal, with apertures formed in them of sufficient size to allow of the candles
being drawn through them when in one stated position, and each aperture has
a notch for guiding and keeping the wicking central with the mould when in
another stated position. The other half of the number of the sliding pieces
u, u*, are connected in a similar manner as the former to other longitudinal
sliding bars v,, placed within the former, which bars are again connected
to the other vertical lever w. The sliding bars also carry the opposite
wick: guides, x", and consequently on moving the lever w* the same effect
will be produced as with the other levers w and its sliding parts, the two levers
being moved simultaneously by the workman taking one in each hand and
moving them to and from each other, which will cause the several sets of wick
guides and sliding pieces to move towards or from each other, as will be seen
by the operation of the machine, which is as follows:-Supposing the machine
to be ready for work, and the proper number of bobbins placed at c, c, filled
with the continuous wicking, each length is then to be passed under the guide
wires at the bottom of the machine (seen best at Figures 2 and 8) and
severally introduced through the apertures in the tip or nozzles of the moulds,
the wicking being drawn up. through the moulds by means of any hooked
instrument introduced therein; the several middle pieces 1 of the holding
clamps are then placed in the proper situation on the drawing frame d, which
at this time has been lowered near to the moulds. The ends of the several
lengths of wicking are then placed between the pieces 1 and the side pieces
2,2, which are firmly wedged up against the middle piece, holding the wicking
securely between them. When all the sets of wicks and holders are so fastened
and secured the wicks may be drawn tight by raising the drawing frame d
à.short distance. When the wicks are drawn straight and the moulds.supplied

page_text: vith wicks (as in Figures 5 and 7 and 7*) the levers w and w* are to be
orced apart from each other; this movement will cause the several sliding
ieces u and u to approach towards each other and cover one half of the
mouths of each of the rows of moulds, and at the same time the guides a
and will also be made to retire from each other and bring by means of
their notches the several wickings central with the moulds (see Figures 6
and 6), which will now be ready to receive the melted tallow or other
material, which is poured into the same from a vessel placed on rails or on
a platform at the side of the machine, and furnished with a proper shaped
spout or mouth-piece to suit the shape of the notches 4, 4, cut in the frame-
work (see Fig. 6), the attendant moving the vessel from one set of moulds to
another as they are filled; or the moulds may be filled simultaneously by means
of pipes or troughs conveying the melted tallow to each set of moulds. If
the atmosphere in the manufactory is at a sufficiently low degree of tempera-
ture the candles may be left to cool and hardened, but if it is wished to cool
them quickly the following method is used:-Cold water or other refrigerating
material is conducted by means of the pipe 5 (see Fig. 9) from a cistern or
reservoir placed in any convenient situation; the water is admitted as required
by the cock 6 into the side pipe 7, extending along the bottom part of the
machine, the cold water entering the several chambers or boxes r, r, by
the apertures 8, 8, at the lower parts. The water is allowed to run in until
the chambers r, ", are filled, and, if necessary, a continuous stream may be
allowed to flow through the whole of them, the superfluous water running off
by the exit apertures q, q, which lead to the waste pipe 10. After the candles
are sufficiently cooled and hardened the cock 6 is to be shut off and the valvé
at 11 opened; this will allow the water to run out of the chambers r, r,
and escape by the channel 12 to the waste pipe 10. The top cake or super-
fluous tallow on the moulds between the sliding pieces u, u*, is now to be
removed by means of the clearing knife shewn at Figures 11 and 12. This
is effected by presenting the thin end of the blade a into the notch 4
(Fig. 6) and carefully pushing it forward under the top cake, and, on the end
of the knife arriving at the far end, the spring piece or holder of the knife
is to be pressed down on to the top cake, and the whole may be removed
at once. The piece u, guides x, and lever w are then moved, as before stated,
when the candles will be ready to be removed, which may be assisted in some
cases by the attendant pressing his thumb upon the butts of the candles to
start them, or by allowing steam or hot air or hot water to enter the central
chambers 13, 13, (Fig. 9,) placed in the cold-water boxes, and between the rows

page_text: of moulds, such warming fluid entering therein by the pipe 14; on turning the
cock 15 the fluid will enter the chambers 13 and slightly warm the moulds
and candles therein, when they may be easily withdrawn by the attendant
turning the winch handle k (Fig. 1) this will cause the winding-on drums g, g
to wind up: the cord f, and consequently draw up the platform d, and with it
the several sets of clampholders e and the candles out of the moulds; and
when they are clear of the same the moulds are ready to receive a fresh
supply of material to form another set or series of candles, the levers w, w,
being again moved, so as to bring the wicks central with the moulds and the
side pieces u, u*, over the butts of the moulds, as before described. After
several sets or series of candles have been so formed one after another, and the
drawing-up platform has arrived at the top of the apparatus, the continuous
rows of candles are removed in the following manner:-The drawing-up plat-
form is held stationary by its pall and ratchet wheel at k, and the receiving
platform is caused to descend by turning its winch handle g until an inclined
pláne place 16 (Fig. 1) fixed on to one of the cross stretchers of the drawing-
up frame comes in contact with a cross bar 17 (Fig. 4) of the sliding bars
18, 18, of the receiving frame, which bars slide in grooves in that frame; this
will cause the sliding bar 18 of the receiving frame to be pushed sideways
towards the left hand, the spring 19, attached to the bar 17 in frame i, giving
way to the pressure. This movement will bring the several hooks 20, 20,
opposite to the several loops or staples 21, 21, on the clampholders, and as
soon as the inclined plane 16 has passed the cross-bar 17 the sliding bar 18 of
the holding frame will be caused to move towards the right hand by means of
these spring 19, and thereby bring all the hooks 20 into and take hold of the
loops 21, and on turning the winch handle 9 a slight degree the receiving
frame will be made to lift the clampholders from off the drawing-up plat-
form d, which may be immediately lowered near to the moulds and a fresh set
of clampholders applied to the continuous wicking immediately below the row
of candles last removed out of the moulds, or between any two rows of candles,
the inclined plane piece 16 giving way as it passes the cross bar 17 in
descending by means of a hinge joint, by which it is attached to its standard.
Having now described the arrangement and construction of my improved
machinery or apparatus for making or manufacturing mould candles, I would
remark, that candles with more than one strand or rope of wicking may be
formed in my improved machinery; for instance, candles with two, three, or more
smaller strands or ropes of wicking placed apart from each other, may easily
be made in this machinery by employing a corresponding number of holes in

page_text: the tips or ends of the moulds, and placing guides with a proper number of
notches to keep the said wicks (conducted from one or more bobbins) in their
proper places in the moulds; and further, that if it is desirable hot water
may be applied, as herein-before described in the cold water chambers to warm
the moulds for the purpose of releasing the candles, and also that guards
may be placed between the moulds and the warming chamber in order to
prevent the moulds from being warmed too much on one side, and that the
pipes, cocks, and chambers, for the admission of the refrigating and warming
fluids may be placed differently to that above described, all of which will be
readily suggested by an practical engineer or mechanic.
And I wish it to be particularly understood that I do not claim the applica-
tion of cold water for refrigerating, or steam or hot air or water for warming
the moulds, as before stated, except in conjunction with my improved machinery,
as this has been described in the Specification of Mr. Binn's Patent, in One
thousand eight hundred and one; neither do I claim the making mould candles
upon or from a continuous length of wicking, as that has been done as long ago
as the year One thousand seven hundred and ninety-six, as appears by the
Specification of Mr. Samson's Patent of that year, and since that period by
other persons, saving and excepting when the said candles are made in succes-
sive series one after or below the other, as herein-before described.
And further, I would remark that many parts of the above arrangement
and construction of my improved machinery may be slightly varied to suit the
changes of situation or material under operation without essentially deviating
from my Invention which, as before stated, consists in the improved arrange-
ment' and construction of machinery or apparatus for making or manufacturing
mould candles herein-before described, in which the said candles are formed in
successive series one after another in fixed or stationary moulds of the ordinary
construction and upon continuous lengths of wicking, which improved ma-
chinery is furnished with sliding pieces for partly covering the mouths or butts
of the moulds and guides for keeping the wicks central; also, in removing
the top cake or superfluous tallow by means of the knife and holder, as herein
described; in the clampholders and drawing-up platform or frame, with the
receiving platform for taking hold of the lengths, series, or rows of candles,
while the drawing-up platform descends again to raise another length of
candles as they are formed, all of which features I consider to be essential
and necessary parts of my improved machinery when complete, although some
of the said parts may be dispensed with without materially interrupting the
process of manufacture.

page_text: And lastly, the application of the refrigerating and warming material for
first cooling the said candles in the moulds and afterwards releasing the
same in conjunction with my said. above-described improved candle-making
machinery.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Henry Tuck, have hereunto set 5
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight.
Inrolled the Twenty-fifth day. of January, One thousand eight hundred.
and thirty-eight.