IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark,, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE
SAME." A communication from abroad by Pierre Denis Hautecloque;
of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Merchant.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th June 1862.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS, AND IN
APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of buttons of porcelain, bone,
india-rubber, and all other substances capable of being moulded and stamped,
either in a heated or a cold state, and whether in a soft paste, or dry and pul-
verized, or in mass. These buttons are furnished with a bar or bridge piece
contained within the button itself, and of the same material, serving to secure
the button in any desired position by passing thread round said bar. This bar
may he formed with the button in various ways according to this Invention,

page_text: the principal methods being herein-after described. The application of a
bridge piece in the interior of the button possesses great advantages, whether
as regards strength or the elegance of form and ornamentation which may be
imparted to these improved buttons. In order to render the form and con-
struction of these buttons well understood I have represented in the annexed
Drawing a button of simple construction, Fig. 1 being a plan, Fig. 2, a
vertical section, and Fig. 3, an under side plan of same.
a is the button of ceramic material, having a hole b in the centre communi-
cating with two openings c & d on the under side of the button, as seen in
Figs. 2 and 3. The part left in the centre when these two holes or channels
c, d, are formed, consists of a kind of bridge piece e, to which the thread is to
be attached when fixing the button, which operation is very simple and easily
understood; thus, supposing the button is to be secured to the fabric f, Fig. 2,
the thread is first connected to said fabric, and then by the aid of a needle
passed through the opening c, and out at the centre hole b; the thread is then
again returned through hole b, passing out this time through the opening d
of the button, so as to wind the thread round the bar, as represented in blue,
Fig. 2. This operation is. repeated a sufficient number of times until the
button is properly secured. I can also make the buttons with one central hole,
and three, four, or other number of holes on the under side, the whole being
in communication with the centre through hole, so as to form two, three, or
more bridge pieces therein.
I have also represented in the Drawing a second arrangement of buttons
constructed on the same principle as the preceding, only in this instance
instead of the bridge pieces being made in the button itself they are made in
the shank. Fig. 4 represents a plan, Fig. 5 an elevation, and Fig. 6 an under
side plan of this arrangement of buttons.
a represents the button; 6, the centre hole; d, c, g, h, are four holes made
in the shank, all communicating with the centre hole 6; i, button shank.
This button, as will be seen, is on the same principle as the foregoing, the
method of fixing it being also the same. I may also make these buttons with
à central through hole, the shank of which is furnished with two, three, four,
five, or other number of holes, all in communication with the central hole.
I also claim making metal buttons with a single hole, and one or more
bridge pieces, made of one or more parts, either solid or hollow, and rivetted,
soldered, or otherwise attached.
Another part of this Invention relates to apparatus for the manufacture of
the improved buttons before described. The Invention thus relates, 1st, to

page_text: the manufacture of improved buttons with bridge pieces; and, 2ndly, to
'forming them of materials capable of being moulded, cast, or stamped.. The
apparatus I employ consists of two dies, one of which is fixed to the foundation
plate, the other being movable and worked by a lever or other press. The
apparatus is also furnished with a matrix.
Fig. 7 of the annexed Drawing represents an elevation of the apparatus
complete; Fig. 8, a plan, with the upper stamper removed; Fig. 9 shows an
elevation of the lower fixed die; Fig. 10, a section on line 1, 2; and Fig. 11
of plan of same; Fig. 12 shows some details of fixed die; Fig. 13, a section
on line 3, 4, of the upper movable die or stamper; Fig. 14, an elevation, and
Fig. 15, a plan of said die; while Fig. 16 shows a central vertical section of
the matrix. The same letters and figures of reference indicate the same parts
seen in different positions in the several Figures.
j, foundation plate, furnished with lugs k for fixing it to the sole, in which
is fitted the fixed diel; m; binding screw for securing the parts of the fixed
die ; n, matrix fitted. in the foundation platej above the fixed die l; o, o,
binding screws for securing the matrix in position; p, p, screws for regulating
the position of the apparatus; 9,. lower disc of die l, placed in the foundation.
plate forming the fixed part of the die, and retained in position therein by
binding screw m; the disc is pierced at its centre with a hole r, and has
inclined grooves s on each side; t, second disc of die l, furnished with two-
tools or dies u, u, properly so called, by which means two or more buttons may
be manufactured at one time by a single stroke of the press. One of these
dies is separately represented in section at Fig. 12; it is formed of a tube
screwed at the one end into disc t, the other end being solid, and of the form
desired for the under side of the button to be made; v, v, inclined holes made
in the die u for the admission of pins intended to form the bridge piece of
each button; ; hole made in the centre of the end of die u, receiving a small
rod or piston y for ramming the material in hole for forming the bridge
piece, which by this means will be made of perfectly compressed material, and
consequently of great strength; z, stem on which is the piston y placed in the
interior of tubes u, receiving an elevating movement on pressure being
exerted, which is communicated to piston y by means of a cross rod 1 working
in slides in tube u, and fixed to the end of an oscillating lever 2, which is
acted on at one end by the upper die or by the press itself; 3, spiral spring
for returning rod y to its normal position (out of central hole x) when the
press has ceased to work, and the upper die is raised; 4, screw in disc t,
received in the central hole of disc q; 5, double-jointed levers connected to

page_text: g
11, guide rods, fixed in
holes in disc t, so as to
the fixed disc q carrying the pins 6, 6, received in the inclined openings v, v,
for forming the bridge pieces of the buttons. The levers 5 are, as above
.mentioned, jointed at 7 and 8 for facilitating the entrance and exit of the
.pins 6, 6, parallel to each other; 9, tail piece of levers 5, for giving greater
stability to pins 6, 6, when the whole is in position; 10, springs secured to the
jointed levers 5 for facilitating the entrance of pins 6, 6, into the inclined holes
v,v; the pins 6, 6, have each at the upper part a semicircular space, so that
their extremities when united form a small square with a cylindrical hole.
These pins may be.round, square, or of other form.
lower disc 9 of die ; these rods enter corresponding
guide the disc in any slight movement it may have; 13, rods or bars con-
;nected to disc t at one end by means of dovetailed grooves 14, and at the
other by a treadle. These rods 13 are used for slightly raising the upper part
of die . The upper movable dies are fixed to a lever or other press; they are
two in number, as also are all the other parts of the apparatus, in order to
produce two buttons at one time; 15, upper dies, properly so called, seen in
detail and section at Figs. 13, 14, and 15. These dies are formed of a central
rod 16 fixed in any suitable manner to a plate 17; the end of rod 16 is ter-
minated by a small cylindrical pin 18, for forming. the centre through holc in
the button; 19, socket on rod 16, the lower end of which is of solid metal,
the exterior surface being of the form to be given to the top side of the button;
the solid end has a hole 20 at its centre for the passage of pin 18. The
socket 19 may have an up-and-down motion regulated by two small screws
21, 21, running in grooves 22, 22; 23, spiral spring for returning socket 19
to its normal position out of contact with plate 17. In this position the
pin 18 is completely enclosed in socket 19, but when said socket bears on the
material by the action of the press, the spiral spring 23 becomes compressed,
and pin 18 projects in order to form the hole in the button.
This arrange-
ment, by which the pin and socket have a certain movement in relation to
each other, is not indispensable, as the pin and socket may be all in one, in
.which case the pin 18 would project to an extent equal to the depth of the
hole to be made in the button; 24, thumbscrew for securing the central
rod 16 to plate 17; 25, second plate, having a stem 26* to be fixed to the
lever or other press to be used; 26, screws uniting plates 25, 17, for giving
increased solidity to the upper movable die. The matrix n in foundation
plate above die l is formed of a plate of iron or steel of sufficient thickness,
having two holes 27, 27; furnished with change pieces or cylinders 28, 28, in
the interior of which the two ends of the dies meet for the purpose of com-

page_text: pressing the paste intended to form the buttons; 29, hole made in matrix n,
in which is fitted a small pin 30, which bears at one end on a lever 2, the.
other end of said pin receives pressure during the downward motion of the
press from a lever or pin on said press; 31, key fitted in opening 32 of:
foundation platej for carrying the lower. die. All the parts being arranged,
as above described and represented in Fig. 7, I will proceed to describe the >
action of each of the parts separately, and for greater clearness I will suppose
the buttons made of ceramic material. A sufficient quantity of material for
the manufacture of the buttons is first dropped into the holes 27, 27, of the
matrix, which then falls on to the lower die and fills up all the hollow spaces,
then through central hole x, Fig. 12, and under pins 6, 6; when the material
has been introduced, as represented in Fig. 12, the lever of the press is turned,
which causes the upper die to descend, the socket on compressing the
material causes it to take the form of the upper and lower dies, while at same
time the spiral spring in the socket becomes compressed, and the pin 18
emerges from said socket and forms a hole through the material, which it
pierces until it meets with the two pins 6, 6, which are fixtures for the present.
In order that the pin 18 shall penetrate sufficiently to touch the two other!
pins 6, 6, it is made a little longer than necessary, so that its extremity
engages in the cavity formed by the junction of the ends of pins 6, 6. Lastly,
while the foregoing operation is in progress, a pin placed on the press, on the
descent of the latter, and at the moment of. compressing the material in the
matrix, acts on the small pin 30, and thence on lever 2, the cross rod 1 and.
stem y forming a piston for ramming the material introduced in hole a, so as:
to forcibly compress a large amount of accumulated material, in order to make
the bridge piece of greater strength. When this compression is complete, the
whole operation being effected at one time, the button is finished, and may be
removed from the mould. To effect this the upper die is raised by the press,
and a treadle acted on by the foot raises the rods 13, and consequently disc t
and tubes u, u; in this manner the pins 6, 6, which are double jointed to the:
lower fixed die q, may be withdrawn parallel from the button, and leave the
space they occupied vacant; by this means the button will be raised above
the matrix, and completely disengaged. It may then be removed by the
fingers. Fresh material is then placed in the mould, and the operation
repeated.
It will be understood that all forms of buttons may; be manufactured with
this apparatus, and also that by increasing or diminishing the number of pins
in the lower fixed' die, buttons, may be made with one or more holes on the

page_text: under side, uniting in a central hole through the button, formed by the pin of
the upper die attached to the press.
Instead of the square pins 6, 6, of the lower die, I may use round ones
answering the same purpose, which may be withdrawn from the interior of the
buttons; by turning on their centres, these round pins would form a semi-
cylindrical bridge piece to the button.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th December 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery. Lane, in the County of. Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors; give and grant, unto
me, the said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said. William
Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Clark, my executors, administrators, and, assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME,"
a communication to me from abroad by Pierre Denis Hautcloque, of 29,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Merchant, upon- the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Clark, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office, within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner. the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by. the following

page_text: statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of buttons of porcelain, bone,
india-rubber, and all other substances capable of being moulded and stamped
either in a heated or cold state, and whether in a soft paste, or dry and
pulverized, or in a mass. These buttons are furnished with a bar or bridge
piece contained within the button itself, and of the same material, serving to
secure the button in any desired position by passing thread round said bar.
This bar may be formed with the button in various ways .according to this
Invention, the principal methods being herein-after described.
The application of a bridge piece in the interior of the button possesses
great advantages, whether as regards strength or the elegance of form and
ornamentation which may be imparted to these improved buttons.. In order
to render the form and construction of these buttons well understood, I have
represented in the annexed Drawings a button of simple construction. Fig. 1:
being a plan, Fig. 2 a vertical section, and Fig. 3. an under side plan of
same.
.a:is the. button of ceramic material, having a hole b in the centre, com-
municating with two openings c, d, on the under side of the button, as seen in.
Figs. 2 & 3; the part left in the centre when these two holes or channels c, d,
are formed, consists of a kind of bridge piece e, to which the thread is to be
attached when fixing the button, which operation is very simple.and easily:
understood; thus supposing the button is to be secured to the fabric f, Fig. 2,
the thread is first connected to said fabric, and then, by the aid of a needle
passed through the opening c, and out at the centre hole 6; the thread is then
again returned through hole b, passing out this time through the opening d of.
the button, so as to wind the thread round the bar, as represented in blue at.
Fig. 2: This operation is repeated a sufficient number of times until the
buttori is properly secured. I.may also make the buttons with one central
hole, and three, four, or other number of holes on the under side, the whole.
being in communication with the centre through hole, so as to form two, three,:
or more bridge pieces therein.
:
I have also represented in the Drawing a second arrangement of buttons:
constructed on the same principle as the preceding, only in this instance,.
instead of the bridge pieces being made in the button itself, they are made.
in the shanks. Fig. 4: represents a plan, Fig. 5 an elevation, and Fig. 6.
an, under side plan of this arrangement of button.
a represents the button; b, the centre hole; d, c, g, h, are four holes made

page_text: in the shank, all communicating with the centre hole b; i, button shank; this
button, as will be seen, is of the same principle as the foregoing, the method:
of fixing it being also the same. I may also make these buttons with a central
through hole, and the shank of which is furnished with two, three, four, five,
or other number of holes, all in communication with the central hole. 'I may
also make metal buttons with a single hole, and one or more bridge pieces
made of one or more parts, either solid or hollow, and rivetted, soldered, or;
otherwise attached.
Another part of this Invention relates to apparatus for the manufacture of
the improved buttons before described. The Invention thus relates, 1st, to the
manufacture of improved buttons with bridge pieces; and, 2ndly, to forming
them of materials capable of being moulded, cast, or stamped.. The apparatus:
I employ consists of two dies, one of which is fixed to a foundation plate, the.
other being movable and worked by a lever or other press; the apparatus is
also furnished with a matrix.
Fig. 7 of the annexed Drawing represents an elevation of the apparatus
complete; Fig. 8, a plan with the upper stamper removed; Fig. 9 shows an.
elevation of the lower fixed die; Fig. 10, a section on line 1, 2; and Fig. 11, a
plan of the same; Fig. 12 shows some details of fixed die; Fig. 13, a section:
on line 3, 4, of the upper movable die or stamper; Fig. 14, an elevation, and
Fig. 15 a plan. of said. die; while Fig. 16 shows a central vertical section of.
the matrix. The same letters and figures of reference indicate the same:
parts seen in different positions in the several Figures.
j, foundation plate, furnished with lugs & for fixing it to the sole, in which is
fitted the fixed die l; m; binding screw for securing the parts of the fixed
die ; n, matrix fitted in the foundation plate j, above the fixed die l; o, o,
binding screw for securing the matrix in position; p, p, screws for regulating,
the position of the apparatus; q, lower disc of die l, placed in the foundation
plate forming the fixed part of. the die, and retained in position therein by
binding screw m; the disc is pierced at its centre with a hole r, and has
inclined grooves s on each side; t, second disc of die l, furnished with two-
tools or dies u, u, properly so called, by which means two or more buttons.
may be manufactured at one time by a simple stroke of the press. One of
these dies is separately represented in section at Fig. 12; it is formed of a tube
screwed at the one end into disc t, the other end being solid, and of the form
desired for the under side of the button to be made; v, v, inclined holes made
in the die u, for the admission of pins intended to form the bridge piece of:
each button; x, hole made in the centre of the solid end of die u, receiving a

page_text: small rod or piston y, for ramming the material in hole x, for forming the
bridge piece, which by this means will be made of perfectly compressed
material, and consequently of great strength; z, stem on which is fixed the
piston y, placed in the interior of tubes u, receiving an elevating movement
on pressure being exerted, which is communicated to piston y, by means of
a cross rod 1, working in slides in tube u, and fixed to the end of an oscillating
lever 2, which is actuated at one end by the upper die or by the press itself;
3, spiral spring for returning rod y to its normal position (out of central hole x),
when the press has ceased to work and the die is raised; 4, screw in disc t,
received in the central hole r of disc q; 5, double-jointed levers connected to
the fixed disc q, carrying the pins 6, 6, received in the inclined openings.v, v,.
for forming the bridge pieces of the buttons. The levers 5 are, as above
mentioned, jointed at 7 and 8, for facilitating the entrance and exit of the
pins 6,. 6, parallel to each other; 9, tail piece of levers 5, for giving greater
stability to pins 6, 6, when the whole is in position; 10, spring screwed to the.
jointed levers 5, for facilitating the entrance of pins 6, 6, into the inclined
holes v, v. The pins 6, 6, have each at the upper part a semicircular space, so
that their extremities when united form a small square with a cylindrical hole;
these pins may be round, square, or of other form; 11, guide rod fixed in
lower disc q of die l, these rods enter corresponding holes in disc t, so. as to
guide the disc in any slight movement it may have; 13, rods or bars
connected to disc t, at one end by means of dovetailed grooves 14, and at
the other by a treadle; these rods 13 are used for slightly raising the upper
part of die . The upper movable dies are fixed to the lever or other
press; they are two in number, as are also all the other parts of the apparatus,..
in order to produce two, buttons at one time; 15, upper dies, properly so
called, seen in detail and section at Figs. 13, 14, and 15; these dies are
formed of a central rod 16 fixed in any suitable manner to a plate 17;
the end of rod 16 is terminated by a small cylindrical pin 18 for forming the
centre through hole in the button; 19, socket on rod 16, the lower end of
which is of solid metal, the exterior surface being of the form to be given to
the top side of the button... The solid end has a hole 20 at its centre for the
passage of pin 18. The socket 19 may have an up-and-down motion, regulated
by two small screws 21, 21, running in grooves 22, 22. 23, spiral spring for.
returning socket 19 to its normal position out of contact with plate 17; in
this position the pin 18 is completely enclosed in socket 19, but when said
socket bears on the material by the action of the press, the spiral spring 23.
becomes compressed, and pin 18 projects in order to form the hole in the.

page_text: button. This arrangement, by which the pin and socket have a certain move-
ment in relation to each other, is not indispensable, as the pin and socket may
be all in one, in which case the pin 18 would project to an extent equal to
the depth of the hole to be made in the button. 24, thumbscrew for securing
the central rod 16 to plate 17; 25, second plate, having a stem 26 to be fixed
to the lever or other press to be used; 26, screws, uniting plates 25, 17,
for giving increased solidity to the upper movable die. The matrix n in
foundation plate j above die 1 is formed of a plate of iron or steel of sufficient
thickness, having two holes 27, 27, furnished with change pieces or cylinders
28, 28, in the interior of which the two ends of the dies meet for the purpose
of compressing the paste intended to form the buttons. 29, hole made in
matrix n, in which is fitted a small pin 30, which bears at one end on a lever 2,
the other end of said pin receives pressure during the downward motion of the
press from a lever or pin on said press; 31, key fitted in opening 32 of foun-
dation plate j, for carrying the lower die. All the parts being arranged as
above described and represented in Fig. 7, I will proceed to describe the
action of each of the parts separately, and for greater clearness I will suppose
the buttons to be made of ceramic material. A sufficient quantity of material
for the manufacture of the buttons is first dropped into the holes 27, 27, of
the matrix, which then falls on to the lower die and fills up all the bollow
spaces through central hole x, Fig. 12, and under pins 6, 6; when the material
has been introduced, as represented at Fig. 12, the lever of the press is turned;
which causes the upper die to descend, the socket on compressing the material
causes it to take the form of the upper and lower dies, while at same time the
spiral spring in the socket becomes compressed, and the pin 18 emerges from
said socket and forms a hole through the material, which it pierces - until it
meets with the two pins 6, 6, which are fixtures for the present. In order
that the pin 18 shall penetrate sufficiently to touch the two other pins 6, 6, it
is made a little longer than necessary, so that its extremity engages in the
cavity formed by the junction of the pins 6, 6. Lastly, while the foregoing
operation is in progress, a pin placed in the press on the descent of the latter,
and at the moment of compressing the material in the matrix, acts on the
small pin 30, and thence on lever 2, the cross rod 1 and stem y forming a
piston for ramming- the material introduced in hole x, so as to forcibly com-
press. a large amount, of accumulated material, in order to make the bridge
piece of greater strength. When this compression is effected (the whole
operation being effected at one time) the button will be complete, and may be
removed from the mould. To effect this, the upper die is raised by the press,

page_text: and a treadle acted on by the foot, which raises the rods 13, and consequently
disc t and tubes u, u; in this manner the pins 6, 6, which are double-jointed to
the lower fixed die q, may be withdrawn parallel from the button, and leave
the space they occupied vacant, by this means the button will be raised above
the matrix and be completely disengaged, it may then be removed by the
fingers, and material be again placed in the mould and the operation repeated.
It will be understood that all forms of buttons may be manufactured with this
apparatus, and also by increasing. or diminishing the number of pins in the
lower fixed die, buttons may be made with one or more holes on the under side,
uniting in a central hole through the button formed by the pin of the upper
die attached to the press. Instead of the square pins 6, 6, of the lower die, I
may use round ones answering the same purpose, which may be withdrawn
from the interior of the buttons; by turning on their centres these round pins
would form a semi-cylindrical bridge piece to the button.
The shank buttons before described may be made without a hole in the top
of a single piece in one operation, or it may be made by two operations, for
example, two or more similar parts of the button may be moulded separately
and then fitted together, as before described; again, I may make the parts
separately, thus, 1st, the upper or external part of the button, and 2ndly, the
shank or under part, the two parts being then united together and baked, as
before. This form of button has a rather longer shank than the shank i of
the button represented at Figs. 4, 5, and 6, and is furnished with holes c, d, g, h,
the central hole 6 alone being dispensed with. In this instance, in order to
fix the button to the fabric, the thread being secured thereto is passed through
the holes c and g and through the fabric, it is thence returned through holes
d, h, and through the fabric, and so on until the button is properly secured.
It will be unnecessary to observe that the shanks of these buttons may have
2, 4, 6, or more holes, so as to form a greater or less number of bridge pieces
on said shanks.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be
protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the manufacture of an improved button, furnished with a hole, and
containing a bridge piece in the interior, as also the various modifications of
the same, as first herein described and represented in the Drawings annexed.
Secondly, I claim the manufacture of a shank button, with or without a
through hole, and with a bridge piece contained in the shank, together with
the various modifications of the same, as described.

page_text: Thirdly, I claim the manufacture of a metal button with a single hole, and
one or more bridge pieces made of one or more parts, either solid or hollow,
and rivetted, soldered, or otherwise united..
Fourthly, I claim the improved apparatus for the manufacture of buttons
from materials capable of being moulded, or cast, or stamped, together with 5
the various modifications in the same, all as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of December, in the year of our:
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
JAMES DAISH,
.53, Chancery Lane,
London.
W. CLARK. (L.S.)