IMPROVEMENTS IN WARPING OR BEAMING MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to JOHN BULLOUGH, of
Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WARPING OR BEAMING MACHINES," bearing date the Fourth day of
May One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 1367.
DISCLAIMER proposed to be entered by the said John Bullough, pursuant
to the Statute in that case made and provided.
WHEREAS since the date of the said Letters Patent and the filing
of the respective Specifications I have discovered that part of the said
Invention as described in the Letters Patent and Specification, was not
on the day of the date of the said Letters Patent new, as the same had
been previously granted unto Colin Mather and William Rossetter, of
Salford, in the County of Lancaster, under the title of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WARPING AND WEAVING MACHINES," and protected in their names by Her
Majesty's Letters Patent, dated the Eighth day of March One thousand.
eight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 692.
And whereas in consequence of such discovery as last aforesaid I am
desirous with the leave of Her Majesty's Attorney-General to enter with

page_text: the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions such Disclaimer as herein-
after contained or expressed.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Bullough, by and with the
leave of Her Majesty's Attorney-General, do hereby disclaim all that
portion of my Invention which relates to the mechanism and action of
the moveable bar in connection with the stop motion of such machine,
the adaptation and arrangement of which, as described in the above-
named Specification, constitutes the second part thereof and forms the
second claim of the said Invention. And in order that such portion of
such Invention comprised by the Disclaimer may be more clearly
understood, I will recapitulate the object for which such portion of the
Invention was designed, viz. :-For the purpose of giving to the ordinary
rocking bar actuated by an oscillatory shaft a rectilinear or horizontal
movement in contradistinction to a segmental or curved motion, the object
and advantage of which enabled me to construct the pin box cover of
such machine with three or more lines of grooves that would contain
a greater number of faller pins in a shorter length of such cover. For
instance, when one of the faller pins relieved from its suspending thread
drops, its lower stem is caused to protrude below the under side of the
groove of the pin box cover. The action of the rocking bar moving in
the line of a circle at this time comes into contact with the faller pin
at a point upon such pin below its bearing in the pin-box-groove
corresponding with the position of such bar relative to the distance it
then is from its vertical centre, and as such distance naturally increases
with the length of vibration the rod receives an unsteady and uncertain
resistance is produced, thereby confining the line of drop pins in the
grooves of the pin box cover to a position as near the centre or vertical
position of the rocking bar as possible, whereas if a rectilinear motion,
as described in the second part of the Specification above referred to
when given to such bar, the resistance for stopping the free movement
of the bar by the dropping of a pin would be the same in any one or
number of grooves embraced by the rectilinear movement of the sliding
bar, and which description containing what I wish to disclaim is fully
set out in the accompanying Specification, as follows:- On page 4, line 4, I strike
out the letter "s" from the word "improvements, and on the same line 1 substitute for the word "are" the word
is." On page 4, line 7, I strike out the letter "s" from the word "improvements, and on the same line I strike out
the words are divided into two parts, the first of which." and on the following line 1 strike out the words, "And
secondly. To improvements in connection with the rocking bars' actuating the knocking off handle." On page
line 11, I strike out the words "the former of these," and I insert the word "this," but strike out the letter in
the following word "improvements."
On page 5, line 24, commencing with "Secondly. The improvements

page_text: bars in contradistinction to a curved or circular one as hitherto..
"According to this portion of my improvements the oscillating shaft
"is provided with projecting fingers, the points or which in their
"to-and-fro action press between studs or short prongs formed on the
"under side of the oscillating bars. These bars are supported on bowls
"which are carried by suitable brackets fixed to the pin frame. This
"carriage or slide is supported in a position immediately below the under
"surface of the longitudinal slots, through which the pins protrude
"when released from their suspensory threads, grooves or channels being
"formed therein that will allow the protruding portion of the pin to be
"below the point where the contact between such pin and the sliding
"bar takes place at the time of such pin or pins dropping, so that when
"protruding an abutment is formed which arrests the free traverse of
"the sliding bars, and thereby "knocking off" the spring handle and
stopping the machinery in the ordinary manner."
66
Again on page 6, line 11, commencing with the words "to which
"is shown adapted the novel construction and arrangement of a
"rectilinear sliding bar for abutting against the "faller pins" in
"contradistinction to the ordinary bar moving in a curved or circular
path for the same purpose, and on the same page, line 15, I strike out the words "the first part
66
"
of," and on the same line the letters" in the word "improvements."
Again on page 7, line 3, commencing with the words "The said
"bar g is supported by and slides upon the bowls which are secured
"to and supported by the brackets i bolted on to or otherwise attached
"to the pin box e. This bar g is provided with longitudinal grooves
"corresponding in number to the longitudinal slots in the pin box e,
"which form recesses for receiving the stem or stems c of the pin or
pins when protruding below the said longitudininal slots. The
"rectilinear sliding motion given to this bar g is in a direction at right.
angles to the longitudinal slots in the pin box, and is obtained through
"the medium of the ordinary "rocking shaft" m and oscillating finger
or fingers n secured to such shaft."
66
66
"The rectilinear sliding motion is obtained as follows:-The ends of
"the said fingers n, n, are inserted between two projecting studs or
"other equivalents secured to or forming a part of the sliding bars g,
"thus when the shaft m is oscillating the ends of the said fingers
"actuate the bar and cause it to slide to and fro in a direction
transversely to the slots in the box e containing the " faller pins."
"

page_text: "It is therefore evident that in case one or more of the pins drop, as
"above described, their lower stems form an impediment below the
"slots which arrest the free movement of the bar g, the effect of which
"is to release the spring handle for "knocking off" and thereby
* stopping the machine by passing the strap from the fast pulley to
the loose pulley in the ordinary manner. By the employment and
adaptation of a rectilinear motion to the oscillating bar in contra-
"distinction to the curved or circular motion any. number of
longitudinal slots for the faller pin may be employed." On the same line
"
<<
page, line 31, I strike out the word "First."
And lastly, on page 7, line 35, commencing with, "Secondly. I claim
" the novel and peculiar adaptation to warping and beaming machines of
"the arrangement of mechanism herein-before described or any modi-
"fication thereof, whereby a rectilinear or horizontal sliding motion
"will be transmitted to the ordinary oscillating bar of such machines,
" in the manner and for the purpose herein-before described, set forth,
and illustrated in the Drawings attached.
And in order that the effect of the Disclaimer may be better
understood, I annex hereunto a copy of my said Specification as it
will appear when amended,
"My Invention relates to that class of machinery employed in the
preparation of fibrous substances termed the "heaming" or "warping."
machine, and to that portion of such machine known as the "stop
motion," the improvement upon which is designed for the purpose of
rendering the machine free from objections now attaching to existing
stop motions," thereby attaining greater efficiency.
The improvement relates to a novel and peculiar form of "drop pin."
According to this improvement I employ a novel construction of drop
pin, which consists in forming in the body of the pin an enlarged "pear
shaped" eye with a stem above and a stem below in contradistinction
to the pin now in use, in which there is but one long stem below the
eye. The lower stem of the improved pin is of the same strength as
that now in general use, but the upper stem is considerably lighter
and is also bent or cranked near its extremity. The pin from the root
of the upper stem has an open or pear-shaped eye formed in it, which is
provided with a side opening or slot, through which the continuous thread
is passed into the eye in order that the pin may be suspended therefrom,
and when this is accomplished the slotted opening drops below the

page_text: upper surface of the pin frame. In the event of a thread breaking the
pin (which was suspended on such thread when continuous) drops in
the slot of the pin frame or "box" but is prevented from falling through
by being caught on the upper surface thereof by means of the cranked
termination of the upper stem of the "drop pin," at which time the
whole of the lower stem and eye of the pin is below the upper surface
of the "pin box," the lower stem protruding below the under surface
thereof, forming a "stop" or abutment that arrests the free oscillation
of the bar, thereby stopping the machine in the ordinary manner. The
broken thread is then "pieced up" and again threaded through the
slot into the eye of the "drop pin" which is suspended as before by the
continuous thread upon which it bears and lowers into close proximity
with the upper surface of the box of the slotted pin frame. When in
this position the pins are free of the oscillating bar, and when the
machine is again started the yarns in their course from the bobbins to
the warp beam pass over the surface of the pin frame and sweep away
any "floss"
or fibres that might otherwise accumulate, thereby
maintaining a clear passage through the longitudinal slots for the
descent of the pins when released from suspension by the breaking of a
thread or threads or by their being otherwise removed. By this improved
form and arrangement of pin the liability of the machine to stop through
"slack ends" is reduced to a minimum as their descent is necessarily
arrested by the upper surface of the "pin frame" which gives a support
that enables them to overcome the tendency the pins would otherwise
have to drop and stop the machine. The construction of a slot or
opening in the lower extremity of the pin eye for the purpose of passing
the thread therein, dispenses with the necessity of employing a "reed
hook" as the operative when replacing the pin on the continuous thread
raises it sufficiently high above the surface of the longitudinal slots to
allow the threads to be passed through the opening into the "eye," in
which position it remains so long as the thread is continuous or
unbroken. In lieu of a crank or bent portion on the upper stem of
the pin there may be substituted a platform underneath each slot in the
pin frame a little below the oscillating bar in such a position as will
arrest the descent of the "faller pins" beyond the point required for
stopping the machine. The upper surface of these plates or platforms
are roughened so as to present a surface similar to a coarse file, the
object of which is to maintain the pin when lowered in a vertical
position at the time it is arresting the free action of the oscillating bar.

page_text: In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained
in detail I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made about
full size.
Figures 1 and 2 represent respectively a front and side elevation of the
form of "faller pin "I have found to be best adapted for carrying out
the purposes for which my improvements are designed; 'but it will be
obvious that any other form embodying the essential features herein
contained can be employed as a development or modification of the
improvement; one of such modifications are shewn at Figures 1ª and 2ª;
Figure 3 represents a transverse section of that portion of the beaming
frame known as the "pin box."
In Figures 1 and 2, which represent my improvement, it will be seen
that the body of the pin has a pear-shaped eye a provided with an
opening or slot b near to its lower extremity, below which the stem of
the pin c extends in a taper form to its termination. The top stem d
projects upward above the eye a, and is cranked or bent out of the
straight form toward its termination.
The employment and adaptation of this pin and its improvement over
those at present in use for the purposes for which it is designed will be
readily understood upon reference to the Drawings and the following
description. The pins are first threaded by passing the continuous warp
threads through the slots or openings t of each pin into the eye a; each
pin by this means becoming suspended upon its respective continuous
thread causes such thread in its passage from the bobbin to the warp
beam to pass along and over the upper surface of the pin box e, by
which means "floss" or fibre are prevented from accumulating on that
surface or in the stots f, f, through which the pins drop. At the time
of its suspension upon the thread the upper stem d projects from the
eye" a above the surface of the box c, the remainder of the pin con-
taining the " eye a or a portion of it, and the stem c being embedded
"
below the surface thereof, but in the event of the continuous thread or
threads breaking or running out the pin or pins being no longer
suspended drop in the stot, but are prevented from falling through
the same by reason of the crank or bent termination d of the upper
portion thereof. When in this position the lower stem c of the pin
protrudes below the under surface of the stots f, f, in the pin box e, in
which position it forms an impediment or stop that prevents the free
action of the sliding bar g.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bullough, of Accrington, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WARPING OR BEAMING MACHINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bullough at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th May 1869.
I, JOHN BULLOUGH, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN WARPING OR BEAMING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a novel and improved form of drop pin for
self-stopping beaming machines, and consists in forming the pin with a
stem above the eye as well as below it. The lower stem is the same
strength as that of the pin now in general use, but the upper stem is
very light, and is bent or cranked near its extremity. I punch a nick or

page_text: slot at the lower side of the eye to admit the thread which supports the
pin. When a thread breaks the pin which was resting upon it descends
in the slot of the pin frame till the cranked part of the upper stem
comes in contact with the surface of this frame. The eye of the pin
therefore is down below the surface in the slot, so that the pin may be
raised clear of the oscillating bar and placed in its working position on
its thread, while the eye of the pin or a part of it may be only just out
of the slot. Thus the threads are working close to the surface of the pin
frame sweeping away any floss or fibres as fast as they fall and preventing
them accumulating and interfering with the dropping of the pin. The
liability of the machine being stopped by merely slack ends is greatly
diminished because no sooner has the thread begun to get slack than it
comes on the surface of the pin frame, which gives it sufficient support
to enable it to overcome the tendency of the pin to drop to the oscil-
lating bar. The pin is replaced in its working position by the warper
raising it sufficiently to enable her to drop it on the thread through the
nick in the lower side of the eye, thus doing away with the necessity of
threading the eyes with a reed hook.
My next improvement consists in giving a horizontal motion to the
oscillating bars. The oscillating shaft has motion given to it by the
tappet on the drum shaft and tappet lever as heretofore, but the arms on
this shaft are not screwed or fastened to the bars but work-between-two
prongs fastened to the under side of the bars, so that the bars do not
partake of the circular motion of the arms, but are merely moved side-
ways by them. At each end of the frame the bars' rest on a level
surface which supports them when the arms in their circular motion
leave the under side of the bars without support. If it be found that
tlie bars are not easy to move sideways on these flat surfaces the friction
may be reduced by placing bowls for the bars to run over. The crank
on the upper stem may be dispensed with by placing a plate on the
under side of each slot in the pin frame, and just below the oscillating
bar. The pin will fall till the point comes in contact with this plate and
arrests its further descent as the crank of the upper stem arrests its
descent in the way already described. If the surface of the plate or
plates is made rough like a coarse file the pin will not be so liable
to lose its vertical position on coming in contact with the plate. It
is obvious that any number of rows of pins may be adopted with the
arrangement of oscillating bars described above, because the motion of

page_text: these bars being horizontal there is not the objection of them varying
in distance and position from the under side of the pin frame, which
is found in the case of the oscillating bars when moved from a
common centre and therefore partaking of a circular motion.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said John
Bullough in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th November
1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BULLOUGH, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Bullough, Her special license that I,
the said John Bullough, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said John Bullough, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARPING OR BEAMING
MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Bullough, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Bullough, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-

page_text: "
My invention relates to that class of machinery employed in the
preparation of fibrous substances termed the "beaming" or "warping
machine, and to that portion of such machine known as the "stop
motion," the improvements upon which are designed for the purpose of
rendering the machine free from objections now attaching to existing
'stop motions," thereby attaining greater efficiency.
The improvements are divided into two parts, the first of which relates
to a novel and peculiar form of "drop pin"; and, secondly, to improve.
ments in connection with the "rocking bars" actuating the "knocking-
off" handle.
According to the former of these improvements I employ a novel
construction of drop pin, which consists in forming in the body of the
pin an enlarged "pear-shaped" eye with a stem above and a stem
below in contradistinction to the pin now in use, in which there is but
one long stem below the eye. The lower stem of the improved pin is of
the same strength as that now in general use, but the upper stem is con-
siderably lighter, and is also bent or cranked near its extremity; the pin
from the root of the upper stem has an open or pear-shaped eye formed
in it, which is provided with a side opening or slot, through which the
continuous thread is passed into the eye in order that the pin may be
suspended therefrom, and when this is accomplished the slotted opening
drops below the upper surface of the pin frame. In the event of a
thread breaking the pin (which was suspended on such thread when
continuous) drops in the slot of the pin frame or "box," but is pre-
vented from falling through by being caught on the upper surface
thereof by means of the cranked termination of the upper stem of the
'drop pin," at which time the whole of the lower stem and eye of the
pin is below the upper surface of the "pin box," the lower stem pro.
truding below the under surface thereof forming a "stop" or abutment
that arrests the free oscillation of the bar, thereby stopping the machine
in the ordinary manner. The broken thread is then " pieced up
"and
again threaded through the slot into the eye of the "drop pin " which
is suspended as before by the continuous thread upon which it bears and
lowers into close proximity with the upper surface of the box of the
slotted pin frame. When in this position the pins are free of the
oscillating bar, and when the machine is again started the yarns in their
course from the bobbins to the warp beam pass over the surface of the
pin frame and sweep away any "floss" or fibres that might otherwise

page_text: وو
accumulate, thereby maintaining a clear passage through the longi-
tudinal slots for the descent of the pins when released from suspension by
the breaking of a thread or threads, or by their being otherwise removed.
By this improved form and arrangement of pin the liability of the
machine to stop through "slack ends" is reduced to a minimum, as their
descent is necessarily arrested by the upper surface of the "pin frame
which gives a support that enables them to overcome the tendency the
pins would otherwise have to drop and stop the machine. The con-
struction of a slot or opening in the lower extremity of the pin eye
for the purpose of passing the thread therein dispenses with the necessity
of employing a "reed hook," as the operative when replacing the pin
on the continuous thread raises it sufficiently high above the surface of
the longitudinal slots to allow the threads to be passed through the
opening into the "eye," in which position it remains so long as the
thread is continuous or unbroken. In lieu of a crank or bent portion
on the upper stem of the pin there may be substituted a platform under-
neath each slot in the pin frame, a little below the oscillating bar, in such
a position as will arrest the descent of the "faller pins" beyond the
point required for stopping the machine. The upper surface of these
plates or platforms are roughened, so as to present a surface similar to a
coarse file, the object of which is to maintain the pin when lowered in
a vertical position at the time it is arresting the free action of the
oscillating bar,
Secondly. The improvements consist in giving a horizontal or rectilinear
motion to the oscillating bars in contradistinction to a curved or circular.
one as hitherto. According to this portion of my improvements the
oscillating shaft is provided with projecting fingers, the points of which
in their to-and-fro action press between studs or short prongs formed on
the under side of the oscillating bars. These bars are supported on
bowls which are carried by suitable brackets fixed to the pin frame.
This carriage or slide is supported in a position immediately below the
under surface of the longitudinal slots through which the pins protrude
when released from their suspensory threads, grooves or channels being
formed therein that will allow the protruding portion of the pin to be below
the point where the contact between such pin and the sliding bar takes
place at the time of such pin or pins dropping, so that when protruding
an abutment is formed which arrests the free traverse of the sliding bars,
and thereby "knocking off" the spring handle and stopping the machinery
in the ordinary manner.

page_text: In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained
in detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made about
full size.
Figures 1 and 2 represent respectively a front and side elevation of
the form of "faller pin " I have found to be best adapted for carrying out
the purposes for which my improvements are designed, but it will be
obvious that any other form embodying the essential features herein
contained can be employed as a development or modification of the
improvement; one of such modifications are shown at Figures 1 and 2*;
Figure 3 represents a transverse section of that portion of the beaming
frame known as the "pin box," to which is shewn adapted the novel
construction and arrangement of a rectilinear sliding bar for abutting
against the "faller pins," in contradistinction to the ordinary bar
moving in a curved or circular path for the same purpose.
In Figures 1 and 2, which represent the first part of my improvements,
it will be seen that the body of the pin has a pear-shaped eye a pro-
vided with an opening or slot 6 near to its lower extremity, below which
the stem of the pin c extends in a taper form to its termination. The
top stem d projects upward above the eye a, and is cranked or bent out
of the straight form toward its termination.
The employment and adaptation of this pin and its improvement over
those at present in use for the purposes for which it is designed will
be readily understood upon reference to the Drawings and the following
description: The pins are first threaded by passing the continuous
warp threads through the slots or openings t of each pin into the eye
a, each pin by this means becoming suspended upon its respective
continuous thread, causes such thread in its passage from the bobbin
to the warp beam to pass along and over the upper surface of the
pin box e, by which means "floss" or fibre are prevented from
accumulating on that surface or in the stots f, f, through which the
pins drop. At the time of its suspension upon the thread the upper
stem d projects from the " eye a, above the surface of the box e, the
remainder of the pin containing the " eye a or a portion of it, and the
stem c being embedded below the surface thereof, but in the event of
the continuous thread or threads breaking or running out the pin or
pins being no longer suspended drop in the stot, but are prevented
from falling through the same by reason of the crank or bent
termination d of the upper portion thereof. When in this position the
"
""

page_text: lower stem c of the pin protrudes below the under surface of the
stots ff, in the pin box e, in which position it forms an impediment
or stop that prevents the free action of the sliding bar g. The said
bar g is supported by and slides upon the bowls h, which are secured to
and supported by the brackets i bolted on to or otherwise attached to
the pin box e; this bar g is provided with longitudinal grooves
corresponding in number to the longitudinal slots in the pin box e,
which form recesses for receiving the stem or stems c of the pin or
pins when protruding below the said longitudinal slots. The rectilinear
sliding motion given to this bar g is in a direction at right angles to
the longitudinal slots in the pin box, and is obtained through the
medium of the ordinary "rocking shaft" m and oscillating finger or
fingers n secured to such shaft.
The rectilinear sliding motion is obtained as follows:-The end of the
said fingers n, n, are inserted between two projecting studs or other
equivalents secured to or forming a part of the sliding bars I, thus when
the shaft mis oscillating the ends of the said fingers actuate the bar
and cause it to slide to and fro in a direction transversely to the slots
in the box e containing the "faller pins." It is therefore evident
that in case one or more of the pins drop as above described their
lower stems form an impediment below the slots which arrests the
free movement of the bar g, the effect of which is to release the spring
handle for "knocking off," and thereby stopping the machine by passing
the strap from the fast pulley to the loose pulley in the ordinary manner.
By the employment and adaptation of a rectilinear motion to the
oscillating bar in contradistinction to the curved or circular motion
any number of longitudinal slots for the faller pin may be employed.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with
the method of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be
clearly understood in conclusion that I claim,-
First. The employment and adaptation to the stop motion of warping
or beaming machines of a novel construction and form of "faller pin" as
described and shown, or any slight modification thereof in which there is
a stem above the eye as well as one below.
Secondly. I claim the novel and peculiar adaptation to warping and
beaming machines of the arrangement of mechanism herein-before
described, or any modification thereof whereby a rectilinear or horizontal

page_text: sliding motion will be transmitted to the ordinary oscillating bar of such
machines in the manner and for the purpose herein-before described, set
forth, and illustrated in the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bullough, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this the Twenty-fourth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.