IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS AND IN ATTACHING LAMPS - TO CARRIAGES, BICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Howes and William Burley, trading as Howes and
Burley, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS AND IN ATTACHING LAMPS -
TO CARRIAGES, BICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES.” ·
Sealed the 9th March 1880, and dated the 19th September 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Howes and William
Burley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September
1879.
WALTER HOWES and WILLIAM BURLEY, trading as Howes and Burley, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARRIAGE LAMPS AND IN ATTACHING LAMPS TO CARRIAGES, BICYCLES, AND OTHER
VELOCIPEDES."
.
Our Invention consists, first, of the following arrangement of parts for preventing
the candle tubes of carriage lamps. from becoming detached from their sockets in
the bodies of the lamps by the shaking or vibration of the carriages to which the
lamps are applied :-
The candle tube is usually fastened in its socket by a fastening somewhat
resembling a bayonet joint fastening; that is to say, on the candle tube is a ring
cut away or open on one side, and on the socket in the body of the lamp is a hook-
like stud, with which the ring on the candle tube may be engaged by giving the
latter a twisting motion or motion through part of a circle. When the hooked stud
is opposite the cut away or open side of the ring the candle tube may be passed
into or removed from the socket. By the shaking or vibration of the carriage the
cut away part or open side of the ring on the candle tube is frequently brought
opposite the stud, and the candle tube becomes detached and lost. In order to
prevent the accidental detachment of the candle tube from the socket of the lamp
we place on the candle tube a small sliding bolt pressed upon by a spring so as to
work tightly in its case,
The said bolt is situated opposite to or in a line with the cut away part or open
side of the ring described, and when the said bolt is in its shot or raised position
its end passes into and closes the said cut away part or open side of the ring. After

page_text: the candle tube has been fastened in its place in the ordinary way the bolt is shot
into the position last described. The ring on the candle tube is thereby prevented
from being withdrawn from the hooked stud, and so long as the bolt is in its shot
position the candle tube cannot be disconnected from the socket in the ordinary
way. Our Invention consists further of the following construction and arrangements
of parts for attaching lamps to carriages, bicycles, and other velocipedes :-By our
improvements the lamps are attached to and detached from the carriages and
velocipedes in a simple and efficient manner, and the projecting parts ordinarily
situated at the back of the body of the lamp for connecting the lamp to the carriage
arm or "iron are dispensed with,
"
We will describe this part of our Invention as applied to carriage lamps.
According to one of our improvements we make at the outer end of the arm or
"iron," which is fixed on the carriage, and to which the lamp is to be affixed, a
ring or short tubular collar slightly conical internally. At the edge of this ring or
collar, and situated at right angles to the arm or iron, is a screwed socket or screw-
box projecting above the upper face of the said ring or collar. On the top of the
candle tube of the lamp, and immediately under the bottom of the lamp is an
annular shoulder of a size and shape proper to fit in the conical ring or tubular
collar on the arm or "iron." In the bottom of the lamp body is a tubular hole
opening into the interior of the said body. This hole is of a size and shape proper to
take upon the projecting screwed socket or screw box on the arm or "iron." In
attaching the carriage lamp to the arm or "iron" fixed.on the carriage the candle
tube of the lamp is passed through the ring or collar on the arm or "iron," and the
shoulder on the candle tube fitted in the conical seat in the said ring or collar on
the arm.
The hole in the bottom of the lamp is also passed upon the screwed
socket or screw box on the arm or iron. By now introducing a screw cotter from
the interior of the lamp into the screw box projecting into the tubular hole in the
bottom of the lamp, and driving home the said screw cotter, the screw box drawn
forcibly into the lamp, and the shoulder on the candle tube made to seat itself very
firmly in the conical seat in the ring or collar on the arm or "iron." The lamp is
thus attached to the arm or iron, the rotation of the lamp on the arm or "iron"
being prevented by the screwed socket or screw box situated within the body of the
lamp.
According to another of our improvements we dispense with the screw cotter
and screw box described, and fix the lamp to the arm or "iron" by means of the
nozzle of the lamp. In this arrangement the short tubular collar on the arm or
iron has three circular lugs arranged equi-distantly on its upper face, the said lugs
having nearly the same radius as the said ring or collar, each lug being separated
from the next one by a space of the same size as the lug. The inner sides of these
lugs are screwed with a hollow or concave screw thread. The bottom of the lamp
is furnished with three equi-distant openings passing into the interior of the lamp.
These openings have a size and shape proper to fit upon the equi-distant screwed
lugs on the ring or collar. The bottom of the nozzle of the lamp is provided with
a convex screw to engage with the screwed lugs.
"
In attaching the lamp to the arm or "iron on the carriage, the candle tube is
passed through the ring or collar on the arm, and the lugs made to take into the
openings in the bottom of the lamp, the shoulder on the candle tube at the same
time seating itself in the ring or collar on the arm or "iron." The engaging of the
lamp with the lugs described prevents the lamp rotating on the arm or "iron." By
screwing the nozzle from the inside of the lamp into the screwed lugs on the ring
of the arm or "iron" the lamp is drawn upon the said lugs, and the shoulder on
the candle tube made to seat itself firmly in the said ring. The lamp is thereby
fixed very firmly to the arm or "iron."
Instead of fixing the lamp from the inside by a thumbscrew or nozzle it may be
fixed from the outside of the lamp. In this modification' a circular depression is
made in the bottom of the lamp, and an angular shoulder is made on the candle
tube to pass onto a corresponding angular seat in the ring or short collar on the

page_text: arm or "iron." Below the angular seat in the interior of the ring or collar on the
arm or iron is a concave screw. A convex screw with a milled part for turning it
works loosely on the candle tube below the angular shoulder. This loose screw has
only a rotatory motion. After the angular shoulder on the candle tube has been
fitted on the angular seat in the ring or collar on the iron the loose screw is
turned so as to cause it to engage with the screw in the interior of the ring or
collar on the "iron." The angular shoulder on the candle tube is thereby drawn by
a sliding motion into and made to seat itself firmly on the seat of the ring or
collar, the circular depression in the bottom of the lamp passing onto the upper
edge of the said ring or collar.
Or the loose screw on the candle tube may be replaced by a fixed screw, the
candle tube in this case being made capable of rotating, and a pin and slot may be
used in place of the angular seat and collar for preventing the rotating of the lamp.
This arrangement permits of the candle nozzle being fixed from the outside of the
lamp, a stud on the rotating candle tube taking into a hollow beading at the base
of the nozzle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Walter Howes and William Burley in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th March 1880.
WALTER HOWES and WILLIAM BURLEY, trading as Howes and Burley, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARRIAGE LAMPS AND IN ATTACHING LAMPS TO CARRIAGES, BICYCLES, AND OTHER
VELOCIPEDES."
"
Our Invention consists, first, of the following arrangement of parts for preventing
the candle tubes of carriage lamps from becoming detached from their sockets in
the bodies of the lamps by the shaking or vibration of the carriages to which the
lamps are attached.
The candle tube is usually fastened in its socket by a fastening somewhat
resembling a bayonet joint fastening. That is to say, on the candle tube is a ring
cut away or open on one side, and on the socket in the body of the lamp is a hook
like stud with which the ring on the candle tube may be engaged by giving the
latter a twisting motion, or motion through part of a circle. When the hooked
stud is opposite the cut away or open side of the ring the candle tube may be
passed into or removed from the socket. By the shaking or vibration of the
carriage, the cut away part or open side of the ring on the candle tube is frequently
brought opposite the stud and the candle tube becomes detached and lost.
In order to prevent the accidental detachment of the candle tube from the socket
of the lamp, we place on the candle tube a small sliding bolt pressed upon by a
spring so as to make it work tightly in its case. The said bolt is situated opposite
to or in a line with the cut away part or open side of the ring described, and when
the said bolt is in its shot or raised position its end passes into and closes the said
cut away part or open side of the ring.
After the candle tube has been fastened in its place in the ordinary way, the bolt
is shot into the position last described. The ring on the candle tube is thereby
prevented from being withdrawn from the hooked stud and so long as the bolt is in
its shot position the candle tube cannot be disconnected from the socket. By with-
drawing the bolt, the candle tube may be disconnected from the socket in the
ordinary way.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents in side elevation, partly in
vertical section, a portion of a carriage lamp, the candle tube of the said lamp being
fastened to the socket according to our Invention; Figure 2 is a horizontal section
of the same taken above the ring on the candle tube, and Figure 3 is a vertical
section of the candle tube and fastening parts taken in a plane at right angles to
that in which the section of Figure 1 is taken. The same letters indicate the same
parts in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
a is the candle tube, and 6 is the socket fixed to the bottom of the lamp; c is the
ring on the candle tube a which engages with the hook like stud d on the socket b,
and c² is the cut away part or open side of the ring e, which open side may be
brought opposite to the hooked stud d for engaging the ring c with or removing it
from the said stud; e is the sliding bolt on the candle tube a, the said bolt being
pressed upon by a spring so as to cause it to work tightly in its case. When the
bolt e is in the shot or raised position represented in Figures 1 and 3, its upper end
enters and closes the cut away part or open side c² of the ring c, and the hooked
stud d cannot be disengaged from the ring c, and the candle tube is prevented from
being accidentally detached from its socket. By drawing down the bolt e the cut
away part c² of the ring c is opened and the hooked stud d may be brought into
the said cut away part c², and the candle tube may be withdrawn from its socket
in the ordinary way.
Our Invention consists further of the following construction and arrangements
of parts for attaching lamps to carriages, bicycles, and other velocipedes.

page_text: By our improvements the lamps are attached to and detached from the carriages
and velocipedes in a simple and efficient manner, and the projecting parts ordinarily
situated at the back of the body of the lamp for connecting the lamp to the
carriage arm or iron are dispensed with.
We will describe and illustrate this part of our Invention as applied to carriage
lamps.
According to one of our improvements, we make at the outer end of the arm or
"iron" which is fixed on the carriage and to which the lamp is to be affixed, a
ring or short tubular collar slightly conical internally. At the edge of this ring
or collar and situated at right angles to the arm or iron, is a screwed socket or
screw box projecting above the upper face of the said ring or collar. On the top of
the candle tube of the lamp and immediately under the bottom of the lamp is an
annular shoulder of a size and shape proper to fit in the conical ring or tubular
collar on the arm or "iron." In the bottom of the lamp is a tubular hole opening
into the interior of the said body. This hole is of a size and shape proper to take
upon the projecting screwed socket or screw box on the arm or "iron."
In attaching the carriage lamp to the arm or "iron" fixed on the carriage the
candle tube of the lamp is passed through the ring or collar on the arm or iron and
the shoulder on the candle tube fitted in the conical seat in the said ring or collar
and the hole in the bottom of the lamp at the same time passed upon the screwed
socket or screw box on the arm. By now introducing a screw cotter from the
interior of the lamp into the screw box and driving home the said screw cotter the
lamp is securely attached to the arm or "iron." This arrangement of our Invention
is illustrated in vertical section in Figure 4, and a plan of a portion of the arm
or "iron" in Figure 5.
f is the arm or "iron" fixed on the carriage, and g is the ring or short tubular
collar of the same, the said ring being slightly conical internally; g³ is the screw box
or screwed socket projecting above the upper face of the "iron" or arm, f, h, is the
annular shoulder under the bottom of the lamp, which shoulder when the lamp is
fixed in its place seats itself in the conical seat of the ring g as illustrated in
Figure 4; i is the tubular hole in the bottom of the lamp through which the screw
cotter is passed from the interior. of the lamp for fastening the lamp to the
iron. The lower part of the tube i has a recess in it which takes upon the
projecting end of the screw socket g². After the shoulder h around the candle tube
d has been seated in the ring g on the arm or iron f and the bottom of the tubular
hole i has been fitted upon the screw socket 92, the screw cotter k is introduced.
from the interior of the lamp into the tubular hole i and driven home in the screw
socket g. The screw box or screw socket g² is thereby drawn forcibly into the.
lamp and the shoulder h made to seat itself very firmly in the conical seat in the
ring or collar g on the arm or iron. The lamp is thus attached to the arm or iron,
the rotation of the lamp on the said arm or iron being prevented by the screw
socket or screw box g' taking into the bottom of the lamp as represented.
According to another of our improvements we dispense with the screw cotter and
screw box described and represented, and fix the lamp to the arm or iron by means
of the nozzle of the lamp.
This arrangement of our Invention is represented in vertical section in Figure 6,
and a section and plan of the lamp iron or arm on Figure 7.
In this arrangement the short tubular collar or ring g on the arm or iron f has
three curved lugs 1, 1, 1, arranged equi-distantly on its upper face, the said lugs having
nearly the same radius as the ring or collar g, each lug being separated from the
next one by a space of the same size as the lug. The inner sides of the lugs 1, 1, 1,
are screwed. The bottom of the lamp is furnished with three equi-distant openings
passing into the interior of the lamp; these openings have a size, shape, and position
proper to fit upon the equi-distant screwed lugs l, l, l, on the ring or collar g. The
bottom of the nozzle m of the lamp is provided with a convex screw n to engage
with the screwed lugs 1, 1, 1.
In attaching the lamp to the arm or iron f on the carriage the candle tube a is

page_text: passed through the ring or collar g on the arm, the lugs 1, 1, 1, taking into the open-
ings in the bottom of the lamp and the shoulder 7, at the same time seating itself
in the ring or collar g on the arm or iron. The engaging of the lamp with the lugs
1, 1, 1, prevents the lamp rotating on the arm or iron. By screwing the nozzle m
from the inside of the lamp into the screwed lugs 1, 1, 1, on the ring g of the arm or
iron f the lamp is drawn upon the said lugs, and the shoulder around the candle
tube made to seat itself firmly in the said ring; the lamp is thereby fixed very firmly
to the arm or iron.
Instead of fixing the lamp from the inside by a screw, cotter, or nozzle it may be
fixed from the outside of the lamp. In this modification a circular depression is
made in the bottom of the lamp, and also an angular shoulder to pass onto a corre-
sponding angular seat in the ring or short collar on the arm or iron. Below the
angular seat in the interior of the ring or collar on the arm or iron is a concave
screw. A convex screw with a milled part for turning it works loosely on the
candle tube below the angular shoulder. This loose screw has only a rotatory
motion, and is used for fastening the lamp to the iron.
This part of our Invention is illustrated in Figures 8, 9, and 10 of the Drawings,
Figure 8 representing, partly in elevation and partly in vertical section, a portion
of a lamp connected to the arm or "iron;" Figure 9, a plan of a portion of the arm
or iron, and Figure 10 the loose screw separately. f is the iron or arm, and g is the
ring or short collar of the same, the lower part of the interior of the said collar being
screwed at g; p is the loose screw rotating on the top of the candle tube e in the
manner represented in Figure 8. The lower part of the loose screw is milled at p²
for turning it. In the bottom of the lamp is an annular depression q for taking
upon the upper part of the ring or short collar g of the arm or iron f, and on the
bottom of the lamp is an angular shoulder g¹ for taking into a corresponding seat
or depression g' on the upper face of the ring g of the iron. After the angular
shoulder g on the bottom of the lamp has been fitted in the angular seat go in the
ring or collar g on the iron the loose screw p is turned so as to cause it to engage
with the screw g³ in the interior of the ring or collar g on the iron. The annular
shoulder h on the candle tube e is thereby drawn by a sliding motion into and made
to seat itself firmly on the seat of the ring or collar g, the circular depression q in
the bottom of the lamp passing onto the upper edge of the said ring or collar, as seen
in Figure 8; the lamp is thereby fixed very securely to the iron.
Figure 11 represents a modification of the arrangement last described, the said
modification, Figure 11, being especially fitted for fixing the lamp at its back to the
arm or iron. In this arrangement the ring or collar on the arm or iron is dispensed
with, and the end of the said arm or iron is made square or angular, and takes
into a correspondingly shaped socket rat the back of the lamp; s is a rotating
screw box (shown detached in elevation in Figure 12) connected to the back of the
lamp by the flange 82, in the manner represented in Figure 11. Adjacent to the
square or angular part 2 of the arm or iron is a convex screw t upon which
the screw box s may be screwed. The socket part of the lamp being passed onto
the square end f2 of the fixed iron or arm f, the screw box 8 is rotated so as to cause
it to advance upon the screw t; the socket r is thereby made to slide into its place
on the square end 2 of the iron, and the lamp is thereby fixed to the iron.
This arrangement may be used at the bottom instead of at the back of the lamp.
When fixed at the bottom of the lamp the square and screwed end of the arm or
iron is turned up at right angles to the other part.
Or the loose screw on the candle tube or screw box last described may be replaced
by a fixed screw, the candle tube in this case being made capable of rotating, and
projections and slots may be used for preventing the rotation of the lamp.
This part of our Invention is illustrated in elevation, partly in section in Figure 13,
plan of underside of the lamp in Figure 14, and plan of the iron or arm separately
in Figure 15. The screwed ring or short collar g has in this arrangement three
equi-distant slots u, u, u, in it into which correspondingly shaped projections v, v, v,
on the bottom of the lamp take when the lamp is fastened to the arm or iron; w is

page_text: an annular groove or recess in the bottom of the lamp for passing onto the upper
part of the ring or collar of the iron or arm; x is the screw on the top of the rotating
candle tube e for engaging with the screw thread in the interior of the ring or collar
g for fixing the lamp to the iron or arm, as illustrated in Figure 13.
When the rotating candle tube is prolonged upwards into the body of the lamp
it permits of the candle nozzle being fixed in its place from the outside of the lamp,
a stud on the rotating candle tube taking into a hollow beading at the base of the
nozzle.
Figures 4, 4, and 4" illustrate this part of our Invention, where a represents the
rotating candle tube, and y³ the nozzle, the base of the said nozzle having a hollow
beading y² for the study on the rotating candle tube to engage with. In fastening
the nozzle y to the candle tube e the slot in the nozzle is engaged with the stud; ย
on the candle tube, and the nozzle is pressed down. The candle tube e being rotated
from the outside of the lamp the stud y passes into the hollow beading y² and the
nozzle is fixed to the candle tube.
1
The improvements described in connecting carriage lamps to carriages are also
applicable to connecting lamps to bicycles and other velocipedes.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we do not limit ourselves
to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of our Invention.
But we claim as our Invention, First, the combination with the candle tubes of
carriage lamps of a sliding bolt for preventing the accidental detachment of the
candle tube from the socket, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The improvement in fixing the candle nozzles to the candle tubes of
carriage lamps from the outside of the said lamps, herein before described and illus-
trated in Figures 4, 44, and 4" of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The several arrangements or combinations of parts hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 of the accompany-
ing Drawings for attaching lamps to carriages, bicycles, and other velocipedes."
In witness whereof, I, the said William Burley, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Tenth day. of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
WILLIAM BURLEY. (L.S.)