Improvements in Pegging or Nailing Machines.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 24th June, 1889-Accepted, 10th Aug., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pegging or Nailing Machines.
I, THOMAS GARE, of 25 Booth Street Edgeley, Stockport in the County of Cheshire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates principally to improvements in that class of pegging or nailing
machines which are used in the manufacture and repairing of boots and shoes or
other coverings for the feet, but which, with slight modifications, are equally applicable
in the manufacture and repairing of other objects, where parts are required to be
united by means of pegs or nails, my principal object being to provide simple and
offective means, which will permit the use of leather pegs, for uniting such parts
securely & durably, and will effect the cutting off of the pegs on the underside,
which heretofore has not been the case, and at the same time may be used for
pegging with wood pegs, or metal rivets, or pegs made of other suitable material or
substance.
"
My invention consists in the first place in the combination with the top of the
"horn'
or support on which the boot or other object to be operated upon is placed,
of an interchangeable knife, arranged stationary or actuated mechanically for the
purpose of cutting off the pegs or rivets self-actingly on the underside before or
during the feeding operation, level or nearly level with the material, whereby the
respective surface is made smooth and level without undergoing any further operation,.
as heretofore has been the case.
The aforesaid knife for pegs of leather or of other comparatively soft material or
substance is made stationary in the horn or support, and consists of a disc with a
central hole which forms a cutting edge.
For metal pegs or rivets the aforesaid knife is, or may be made movable, preferably,
consisting of two knife-edge jaws moved suitably from any movable part of the
machine.
My improvements consist in the second place in the combination with the lower
part or shank of the aforesaid horn or support, of two spiral springs, in compression,
of various strengths, the lighter spring serving to retain the horn or support in a
raised position during the feeding operation and cutting off of the peg or rivet, during
which time the strong spring is taken off the horn or support by being depressed by
means of suitable rods and levers actuated from a cam keyed on the driving shaft of
the machine, for the purpose of easing the feed motion, while the strong spring when
released, renders additional resistance to the horn or support during the action of the
awl and plunger, in order to facilitate and increase the compression of the parts of
material to be pegged or rivetted.
My invention consists in the third place in the use of a double cam on the driving
shaft for the purpose of obtaining and imparting to the movable head of the machine
an intermittent and variable feed motion, capable of adjustment for various peg or
rivet distances,. the said double cam being formed in such a manner, that the throw
of one cam part can be varied, and commences to impart motion to the movable head
or feed carrying the awl and plunger, before the awl enters, while the other cam part
completes the feed after the awl has entered the material to be pegged or rivetted and
completes its stroke when over the centre of the horn or support, the travel of the awl
and plunger relative to the horn or support, remaining always the same, while the move-
ment of the head may be varied to suit various peg distances, the top of the horn or
support being so arranged as to permit of the awl passing through its centre and
forming a clear hole through the material to be pegged or rivetted.
The working surfaces of the aforesaid double cam are formed opposite or nearly
opposite to each other and struck from one centre, the back part of the double cam

page_text: being arranged to come into contact with a screw spindle carried by and made
adjustable on the movable head of the machine, & the front part acting inside
thereof.
The face of the front part of the double cam is furnished with an eccentric projec-
tion, which at certain times comes into contact with and acts upon the plunger which
is under the influence of a strong spring.
My invention consists in the fourth place in forming the cam slide, to which is
attached the awl, and which is fitted onto the face of the movable head, acted upon
by the aforesaid eccentric projection fixed to the face of the front part of the double
cam, with two throws, so as to cause the awl to descend intermittently, i.e., at first
only a short distance into the material to be pegged or rivetted, and then fed
or brought over the centre of the horn or support, where it completes its descent and
passes entirely through the centre or knife of the horn or support during which time
the material to be pegged or rivetted is held firmly & securely together by the action
of the aforesaid spiral springs.
My invention consists in the fifth place in the combination with the awl, operated
as aforesaid, of a support or guide connected and moving longitudinally therewith,
attached rigidly or under the influence of a spring.
My invention consists in the sixth place in the peculiar construction, application
and operation of a knife, cutting the pegs or rivets from a strip of pegs or rivets
suitably fed thereto sideways to form a guide or throat for the plunger to operate in,
as well as to serve as a carrier to bring the cut peg or rivet over the centre of the
horn, the peg or rivet being cut off the strip in front of the latter.
The aforesaid knife consists of a slide suitably guided and moved mechanically from
the awl cam slide, by means of a cam lever.
The free end of this slide is formed hollow with a cutting edge, which at each end
of its travel is caused to fit against a correspondingly shaped stationary part, to form
a guide or throat for the plunger to work in.
My invention consists in the seventh place in the combination with the movable
head of the machine and knife carried thereby, of an appliance by which the pegs or
rivets in strips in a compressed state are fed to the aforesaid knife.
The aforesaid appliance consists of a slot or guide arranged on the side and in com-
bination with the knife on the movable head, into which fed the strip of pegs or
rivets by means of a roller or a pair of rollers rotated intermittently at certain times
by means of a suitable lever & rods actuated from a cam fixed on the driving shaft
of the machine. Instead of employing only one of the said guides or feed slots &
roller or rollers, two or more may be applied and brought into communication with
the respective knife so as to facilitate the use of various lengths of & materials of pegs
or rivets either continuously or alternately.
My invention consists in the eighth place in the method of and means for
warning the strips of pegs or rivets previously coated with cement or other adhesive
substance, on passing to the knife on the movable head, or in the knife or throat itself,
previous to insertion into the material, by means of a jet of gas or other heating
appliance.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pegging or Nailing Machines.
I, THOMAS GARE of 25 Booth Street, Edgeley, Stockport in the County of
Cheshire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner 5
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
ollowing statement:-
My invention relates principally to improvements in that class of pegging
machines which are used in the manufacture and repairing of boots and shoes or other

page_text: coverings for the feet, but which, with slight modifications, are equally applicable in
the manufacture and repairing of other objects, where parts are required to be united
by means of pegs, my principal object being to provide simple and effective means,
which will permit the use of leather or wood pegs, for uniting such parts securely
and durably, and will effect the cutting off of the pegs on the underside, which hereto-
fore has not been the case.
And in order that my invention may be more fully understood I have caused to be
appended hereunto one sheet of drawings marked with letters of reference, similar
letters indicating like parts throughout the various figures.
Fig. 1 is a side view of a complete machine. Fig. 2 a front view of the upper
portion, and Fig. 3 a sectional plan thereof. Figs. 4 & 5 are respectively a plan and
vertical section of the upper part of the horn or support. Figs. 6, 7, 8 & 9 are partly
sido elevations and partly vertical sections of various modifications in the construc
tion and application of the horn or support to the machine.
Fig. 10 is an enlarged front view of the head motion, and Fig. 11 of the plunger,
awl, and feeding motions, and Fig. 12 is a plan of the latter. Fig. 13 is a side
view showing a modified application of the pressure foot and awl motion.
In carrying out my invention and referring to Figs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5, 10 & 11, my
improvements consist, for wood and leather pegging, in the combination with the top
of the "horn" or support a, used in lieu of the ordinary last, and on which the boot
or other object to be operated upon is placed of a readily interchangable knife,
arranged either stationary or actuated mechanically for the purpose of cutting off the
pegs self-actingly on the underside before or during the feeding operation, level or
nearly level with the material.
The free end of the horn or support a I form with an awl hole 61 to act in con-
junction with the aforesaid knife, which for pegs of leather or of other comparatively
soft material or substance may be made stationary, but readily removable in the horn
or support a, and which knife consists of a disc b suitably fitted to the top thereof,
see dotted lines Fig. 4 and furnished with a hole ¹ which forms a cutting edge and
permits the awl a to pass through the horn or support a.
When employing a mechanically actuated knife it consists preferably of two knife-
edge jaws & 2, see Figs. 1, 4 & 5, the jaw or knife b¹ being stationary and the jaw
or knife 6 made movable in the following manner :-
C
Inside the horn or support a a lever c is arranged to oscillate on a pivot c¹, to the
upper end of which lever c the jaw or knife is hinge like attached and pressed
against the top of the horn or support a, by means of a spring b³, to act against the
peg to be cut off, which depends from the material operated upon through the awl
hole b¹.
The lower end of the said lever c is acted upon by a finger e, which is raised by
means of a lever e¹, pivoted to the column and by a cam e fixed on the driving
shaft g, acting upon a rod e under the influence of a spring and connected to the
back end of the said lever e¹, the front end of which is caused to engage the bush e
on which is formed the finger e.
The free end of the finger e and the lower end of the lever care so arranged as
always to remain in contact with each other whatever the position of the horn or
support a may be, and when operated to cause the knife 6 to be moved against the
peg to be cut. The edge of the hole b¹ may either be blunt or also form a cutting
edge.
In certain classes of work where the material to be operated upon is of a uniform
thickness, the horn or support a described may be replaced by a plain one, having
simply an awl hole 6' formed through the top thereof and if deemed necessary made
capable of vertical adjustment, as shown in Fig. 6.
For heel building or where several layers of leather or other material are secured
on top of each other, and the pegs have not to pass through their all, a horn or
support a with or without an awl bole b¹ may be used, and for heel building preferably
a central rest, made vertically adjustable in the shank h, see Fig. 7. In order to

page_text: facilitate the pegging round the welt of coverings for the feet, the free end of the
horn or support a is made comparatively thin, so as to permit of it entering between
the upper and the sole.
To unite parts of leather or other material to form circular or endless objects, such
as belting, hose piping, etc., by means of leather or wood pegs, the top of the horn or
support a is furnished with a hollow arm a', preferably of round section see Fig. 9.
In the top of this arm an awl hole & is formed, which may be formed as hereinbefore
described to act itself as a knife, or it may be used in conjunction with a partially
rotating or sliding knife 2, employed inside the arm a¹ and actuated mechanically
from any moving part of the machine.
In each case the horn or support a is mounted and permitted to swivel on a collar
on the top of the vertical shank h, and in order to give it extra stability thereon for
operating on very strong work and plenty of room for manipulation, the horn or
support a may be made longer than usual and placed onto the vertical shankh in its
continuity between the bearings 2 & 3, see Fig. 8.
When employing a stationary knife in the top of the horn or support a, the said
shank see Fig. 1 is brought under the influence of two spiral springs i&y in com-
pression, of differing strengths, the lighter spring y, being placed between the lower
end of the shank and lever k, serves to retain the horn or support a in a raised
position during the feeding operation and cutting off of the peg, during which time
the pressure of the strong spring i, placed between the bearing and a collar *,
fitted to the shank and weight k³ on the lever k is taken off the horn or support a,
by being automatically depressed for the purpose of easing the feed motion, and when
released, renders additional resistance to the horn or support a during the action of
the awl a and plunger j, in order to facilitate and increase the compression of the
parts of material to be pegged.
This I preferably effect in the following mauner :-
Below the column fa lever kis arranged to rock on a stud k¹, the front end of
which leverk by means of the rod is connected with the collar and the back
end provided with an adjustable weight k³, to a rod , attached to a lever ³, pivoted
to the top of the column and acted upon by the cam e², fixed on the driving shaft g of
the machine.
By means of the said cam e³ and connections between it and the spring i, the
pressure of the latter and weight is taken off the horn or support a, while the
weaker spring y affords the necessary resistance during the feeding operation, thus
easing the same.
When employing a mechanically moved knife as described, only one spring i is
employed, which in conjunction with the weight serves to maintain the horn or
support a in a raised position and to resist the pressure of the awl a' and plunger j,
when they operate, and facilitate and increase the compression of the parts to be
united, while the cam e² when actuating the rod k and lever causes the resistanco
of the weight and spring i to be reduced, on the feeding taking place, by
respectively lifting and compressing the same.
In order to permit of depressing the horn or support a when the machine is at
rest, a lever c² is binged to the bracket ³ and connected to the rod k², see Fig. 1.
For the purpose of obtaining and imparting to the movable face of the head 1,
of the machine, (carrying the awl a² and plunger and sliding on the stud 1, in the
stationary part 1) an intermittent and variable feed motion capable of adjustment for
various peg distances, a double cam m, m³ see Fig. 10, is employed on the driving
shaft g in such a manner, that the throw of one cam part m can be varied and it
commences to impart motion to the movable head or feed before the awl a² enters,
while the other cam pårt m¹ completes the feed, after the awl a' has entered the material
to be pegged, and completes its stroke when over the awl hole 1 of the horn or
support a, the travel of the awl a² and plunger j relative to the horn or support a,
remaining always the same, while the movement of the face of the head may be
varied to suit various peg distances and the hole 61 in the top of the horn or support a

page_text: permits of the awl a² passing through it, thus forming a clear hole through the
inaterial to be pegged.
The working surfaces of the aforesaid double cam m, m² are formed opposite or
nearly opposite to each other, and struck from one centre, the working surface of the
back part m (by means of the spring o', placed on the stud 1, between a collar o'
fixed thereon, and the stationary part of the head 1, 1) being always kept in contact
with a screw spindle, carried by and made adjustable on the movable face of the
head, of the machine, and the front part m' acting inside the cavity 13 thereof.
The face of the front part m¹ of the double cam m, m' is furnished with an
eccentric projection n², which at certain times comes into contact with and acts
upon a projection n' formed on the plunger j, which is under the influence of a
strong spring or weight, or combination of both spring and weight, for the
purpose of lifting the plunger j and driving the peg into the material under
operation.
In order to facilitate the feeding & effecting a clear hole through the material
under operation, I cause the awl a² to descend intermittently by forming the cam
slide a to which is attached the awl a², see Fig. 11, and which is fitted into the
face of the movable head and acted upon by a stud n formed upon the aforesaid
eccentric projection n², with two throws a & a which causes the awl a² to descend,
at first only a short distance into the material to be pegged and then being fed or
brought over the knife or awl hole of the horn or support a, it completes its
descent and passes entirely through the knife or awl hole 6 of the horn or support a,
during which time the material to be pegged is held firmly and securely together
by the action of the aforesaid spiral spring and weight i & k³.
For the purpose of timing the first drop of the awl a', as may be required, the
cam part a which effects the same, is made adjustable in the slide a³, by means of
a screw a°, and in lieu of effecting the second drop by means of the stud n on the
eccentric projection n², the same may be produced by means of a cam o³ see Fig. 13
fixed on the driving shaft g, actuating a rocking lever t¹, one end of which is con-
nected to the cam slide a³ and the other end to a rod t acted upon by the cam o
This means will also permit of varying the second drop of the awl a³ as may be
required.
In order to prevent the aw! a* from bending when entering the material under
operation a support or guide z is arranged in combination therewith, through which
the awl a passes and which may either be attached to the moving part 1 of the
head 1, rigidly, or it may be brought under the influence of a spring, interposed
between the awl bracket a' and the guide or support. z see Fig. 11.
When the top of the peg is not driven quite level with the material under opera-
tion and in order that the portion thereof left in the plunger throat or hole 9, see
Figs. 1. 11, & 12, will not be broken off by the latter on feeding, I connect the
pressure foot o, see Fig. 13, above the horn or support a, hinge-like to the framework f
of the machine.
This foot o is caused to depress the material under operation, and thereby draw
the top of the peg out of the plunger throat or hole q* before the next feeding opera-
tion commences, by means of a cam o³ fixed on the driving shaft g actuating a rod o*
attached to the pressure foot o.
op see
Below the plunger ; is secured underneath the moving head 1, a bracket
Figs. 11 & 12, into which is fed automatically a strip of leather p¹ or other
material, from which the pegs are cut successively by means of a knife q sliding
therein.
.}}
The slot p² formed in the bracket p, through which the peg strip p² passes, is in
connection with the cavity q' in which the knife q slides.
The said cavity q' communicates at its end with the slot p' and the throat or hole q'
formed concentric with the plunger j.
The knife q is actuated in its cavity q' by means of a cam - fixed to the face of
the cam slide a³, and a lever arranged to rock on the face of the movable head 1,

page_text: 4
and one end of which is attached to the knife g and the other end being acted upon by
the said cam r.
On the peg strip p¹ having been projected into the cavity q', the knife q by the
said cam and lever 1 is caused to move towards and cut off the projecting part of
the same, which then forms the peg and is held over the throat q' by the knife for
the plunger j to drive it through the same into the material under operation.
The peg strip p' is automatically and intermittently fed through the slot p' in the
knife cavity g' in the bracket p, by means of a variable feed motion, consisting of a
pair of rollerss & s fixed in front of the slot p³, one of which is intermittently
rotated by means of a cam s fixed onto the driving main shaft g, of the machine,
acting upon a lever 3 arranged to rock on a stud s*.
The front end of the lever is furnished with a friction pawl t, which is caused to
grip the top part of the roller s, when the cams actuates the lever s³, the respective
end being furnished with an adjustable screw s, on which the cam 2 acts, by means
of which the amount of feed can readily be regulated as desired, see Figs. 11. & 12.
Instead of employing only one of the said guides or feed slots and roller or rollers,
two or more may be applied and brought into communication with the respective
knife so as to facilitate the use of various lengths and materials of pegs either con-
tinuously or alternately.
The peg strip p¹ may be compressed and coated with cement or other adhesive
substance on being fed into the machine or previously, and afterwards heated in the
machine, before being inserted into the material under operation for the purpose of
increasing the durability and strength of the peg.
I may remark that I do not wish to attach any further claim to the particular
arrangements constituting the sixth and eighth parts of my Provisional Specification,
as in practice I have found that the same ends may be attained in various ways,
preferably such as described in this my Complete specification.
I wish it also to be understood that the various parts of my invention as described,
or with slight modifications, may be applied independently of each other and in other
combinations than described & shown.
In the manufacture and repairing of boots shoes or other coverings for the feet the
employment of leather or wooden pegs, for uniting the soles or heels to the, uppers,
as well as in lieu of blinders, will produce a much superior fastening, which has all
the qualities of machine or hand stitching as regards flexibility and affords a much
better finish and greater durability than heretofore has been the case.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
In pegging machines:-
1st. The general application, construction, and arrangement of parts hereinbefore
described with reference to the annexed drawings, operating substantially as and for
the purposes hereinbefore set forth.
2nd. The combination with the top of the horn or support a, on which the boot or
other object to be operated upon is placed, of an interchangable knife b, b, & 62,
arranged stationary or actuated mechanically, substantially as and for the purposes
specified.
3rd. Forming the top of the horn or support a with an awl hole ³, and providing
the same with a stationary or mechanically operated knife b, b' & 63, substantially as
and for the purposes specified.
4th. The application to the shank h, of two spiral springs i & y, the spring & serving
to resist the action of the awl a' and plunger j, and the spring y to give the other-
wise necessary resistance to the horn or support a, operated substantially as and for
the purposes specified.
5th. Causing the awi a² to pass through the material under operation intermittently,
.substantially as and for the purposes specified.

page_text: 6th. Causing the head which carries the awl a' and plunger j, to slide intermit-
tently and be capable of varying its motion, according to the distances required,
substantially as set forth.
7th. The application of the guide or support z, in combination with the awl a²,
substantially as and for the purposes specified.
Dat this 1st dov of June 1889