Improvements in Motors Worked by a Mixture of Steam and Air, and in the Steam Generators thereof.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Aug., 1889-Accepted, 28th Sept., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Motors Worked by a Mixture of Steam and Air,
and in the Steam Generators thereof.
I, WILHELM SCHMIDT of 8 Plantagen Strasse, Halberstadt Germany, civil engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My invention relates to that class of small steain motors which are driven by a
mixture of hot air and steam and consists in forcing compressed air through the
water part of a steam boiler so that the air becomes saturated with steam by the
evaporation, this saturated air is then superheated by the combustion gases of
the boiler. This superheated mixture of air and steam is then led into the cylinder
of the motor.
The formation of the motive power is different from ordinary steam motors, the
chief characteristic of this improved method consists in saturating compressed air
with steam so that the resulting pressure of the combined mixture is made up from
the pressure of the air and the pressure of the steam. The volume of this mixture is
increased by superheating the same by the waste combustion gases that were used to
generate the steam, by this superheating the air volume is expanded.
In order to make my invention more clear I refer to the accompanying drawings
which form part of this present application and in which similar letters denote similar
parts throughout the different figures.
Fig. I is a part sectional view of my improved motor.
Fig. 11 is a sectional side view through the boiler and engine of the same.
Fig. III is a section of a modified form of boiler for the same.
Fig. IV is a sectional view of a second modification of the boiler.
The boiler A contains water and has a fire-box h in the middle of the same.
In the bottom of the boiler A. is a pipe with openings o, this pipe r is connected
to an air pump.
The air pump consists of the differential piston K in combination with the cylinder C.
The motive power acts on the underside of the piston K.
On the downward stroke of the piston K air is drawn into the space P, and
compressed therein on the upward stroke, when it is then forced into the pipe and
escapes through the holes o into the lower part of the boiler, the air mixing with the
water. In consequence of this mixing of the air with the warm water, ebullition is
caused.
By the use of plates or sieves, the air can be made to remain longer in contact
with the water before escaping into the steam space.
The mixture of air and steam is led from the steam space through the pipe 6 into
the superheater H.
The superheater consists of the pipe t with the ribs and the outside mantle m..
The mixed steam and air passes down between the pipes m and t. The pipet furnishes
the outled or uptake for the combustion gases. The steam in passing down the
outside of the pipe t in a thin stream is dryed and superheated, after being dryed and
superheated the mixture of steam and air is led strough the pipe v to the cylinder c of
the motor.
The cylinder of the motor is surrounded with the water in the boiler which is mixed
with air, this cylinder mantle may form part of the boiler as shown in fig. 1 and 2.or
may be connected to it by pipes so that the heat which is imparted to the steam: in
bassing through the superheater is also used to heat the water in the boiler.
In the modification of the boiler as shown in fig. 3. the boiler proper A is surrounded
with a mantle f.
The space between the outside of the boiler and mantle is filled with water, this
vater is heated by the boiler A.

page_text: To the mantle is fitted an upright pipe to which is fitted with a receptacle g, there
is a small pipe g¹ leading from the receptacle q to below the grate g. The mantle is
also fitted with a safety-valve v¹. The use and working of the receptacle q is as
follows. If the pressure, and at the same time the temperature, of the steam in the
boiler A should rise above the normal, the water in the mantle is converted into
steam and the pressure rises till it blows off through the valve v¹, by the heating of
the water in the mantle f some of superfluous heat is taken from the boiler A. The
generated steam in the mantle escapes throught the safety-valve v¹, and when the
water has been evaporeted so that the level of the same is below the opening q³,
the steam in the mantle blows off through the pipe v into the receptacle q and from
there through the pipe g¹ under the grate g and extinguishes the fire thus preventing
explosion of the boiler.
In the boiler are fitted diagonal plates plates e in order to make the ascending air
remain as long as possible in contact with the water.
In the second modification shown in fig. 4 the fire-box is surrounded with a water
mantle and also the boiler, the water in the boiler is heated indirectly through the
water in the fire-box mantle. The fire-box mantle and outside mantle are connected
together, and fitted as in the first modification with a safety-valve v¹. The fire
.extinguishing arrangement can be used in this arrangement. Instead of water any
other fluid can which has a suitable boiling point be used in the mantles.
Instead of the diagonal plates sieve plates h¹ are used for mixing the air completely
with the water.
D
1+
1
T
1000
A. KUHNT & R. DEISSLER,
38, Alexander Strasse, Berlin C, Germany, Attorneys for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Motors Worked by a Mixture of Steam and Air,
and in the Steam Generators thereof.
I, WILHELM SCHMIDT of 8, Plantagen Strasse, Halberstadt, Germany, civil
engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
'is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to that class of small steam motors which are driven by a
mixture of hot air and steam, and consists in forcing compressed air through the
water part of a steam boiler so that the air becomes saturated with steam by the
evaporation, this saturated air is then superheated by the combustion gases of
the boiler. This superheated mixture of air and steam is then led into the cylinder
of the motor.
The formation of the motive power is different from ordinary steam motors, the
chief characteristic of this improved method consists in saturating compressed air
with steam so that the resulting pressure of the combined mixture is made up from
the pressure of the air and the pressure of the steam. The volume of this mixture
is increased by superheating the same by the waste combustion gases that were used
to generate the steam by this superheating the air volume is expanded.
In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the drawings, which were sent
in with provisional specification and in which similar letters denote similar parts
throughout the different figures.
Fig. 1 is a part sectional view of my improved motor.
Fig. 2 is a sectional side view through the boiler and engine of the same.
Fig. 3 is a section of a modified form of boiler for the same.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a second modification of the boiler.
The boiler A contains water and has a fire-box h in the middle of the same.
1'
... In the bottom of the boiler A is a pipe with openings o, this pipe is connected
to an air pump.

page_text: The air pump consists of the differential piston K in combination with the cylinder C.
The motive power acts on the underside of the piston K.
On the downward stroke of the piston K air is drawn into the space P, and
compressed therein on the upward stroke, when it is then forced into the pipe and
escapes through the holes o into the lower part of the boiler, the air mixing with the
water. In consequence of this mixing of the air with the warm water, ebullition is
caused.
By the use of plates or sieves the air can be made to remain longer in contact
with the water before escaping into the steam space.
The mixture of air and steam is led from the steam space through the pipe b into
the superheater H.
The superheater consists of the pipe t with the ribs p and the outside mantle m.
The mixed steam and air passes down between the pipes m and t. The pipe t furnishes
the outlet or uptake for the combustion gases. The steam in passing down the outside
of the pipe in a thin stream is dried and superheated; after being dried and
superheated the mixture of steam and air is led through the pipe v to the cylinder C
of the motor.
The cylinder of the motor is surrounded with the water in the boiler which is
mixed with air; this cylinder mantle may form part of the boiler as shown in
figs. 1 and 2 or may be connected to it by pipes so that the heat which is imparted
to the steam in passing through the superheater is also used to heat the water in
the boiler..
In the modification of the boiler, as shown in fig. 3, the boiler proper A is
surrounded with a mantle f.
The space between the outside of the boiler and mantle is filled with water, this
water is heated by the boiler A.
To the mantle is fitted an upright pipe w, which is fitted with a receptacle q, there
is a small pipe q leading from the receptacle g to below the grate g. The mantle
is also fitted with a safety-valve v¹. The use and working of the receptacle q is as
follows:
If the pressure, and at the same time the temperature, of the steam in the boiler A
should rise above the normal, the water in the mantle is converted into steam and
the pressure rises till it blows off through the valve v¹; by the heating of the water
in the mantle some superfluous heat is taken from the boiler A. The generated
steam in the mantle escapes through the safety-valve v and when the water has
been evaporated, so that the level of the same is below the opening q², the steam in
the mantle blows off through the pipe w into the receptacle 9 and from there through
the pipe q' under the grate g and extinguishes the fire and thus preventing explosion
of the boiler.
In the boiler are fitted diagonal plates e, in order to make the ascending air
remain as long as possible in contact with the water.
In the second modification shown in fig. 4, the fire box is surrounded with a water
mantle and also the boiler; the water in the boiler is heated indirectly through the
water in the fire-box mantle. The fire-box mantle and outside mantle are connected
together, and fitted as in the first modification with a safety-valve v¹. The fire
extinguishing arrangement can be used in this arrangement. Instead of water any
other fluid, which has a suitable boiling point, can be used in the mantles.
Instead of the diagonal plates sieves h¹ may be used for mixing the air completely
with the water.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1.) The combined process of forcing: air into the water of a boiler heated by an
open furnace at 6 of using the mixture of air and steam, produced by the saturation
of the air in passing through the water as a motive power, the mixture previously

page_text: having been superheated by the combustion gases from the boiler furnace, sub-
stantially and for the purpose as described.
2.) The combination of a steam boiler with a motor driven by a mixture of steam
and air and with an air compressing engine which forces the compressed air into the
water of the said boiler where it is saturated with the steam generated therein and in
combination with a superheater, through which said mixture of steam and air passes,
and which is heated by the combustion gases escaping from the boiler furnace,
substantially and for the purpose as described.
3.) The combination of a steam boiler with a motor driven by a mixture of steam
and air and with an air compressing engine, which forces the compressed air into the
water of the said boiler where it is saturated with the steam generated therein and in
combination with a superheater, consisting of the two pipes t and m, through the
inside pipe of which the combustion gases from the boiler pass and between
which said mixture of steam and air passes, substantially and for the purpose as
described.
4.) The combination of a boiler A, superheater H which consists of the two pipes t
and m the inside pipe t, through which the waste combustion gases pass, being
provided with ribs pp; cylinder C having the differential piston K and pipe
leading from the small side of said piston K into the boiler A and provided with a
number of small holes o o, substantially and for the purpose as described.
2°
5.) In the process previously described, the application of a steam boiler heated by
a water jacket which is directly connected with the fire-box, substantially and for the
purpose as described.
Dated Berlin, this 20th day of August. 1889
WILHELM SCHMIDT.
By A. Kuhnt & R. Deissler,
38, Alexander Strasse, Berlin C, Germany, Agents. .