Improvements in and relating to Electric Telegraphy.
Year: 1890

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Electric Telegraphy.
I, FRANCIS JARVIS PATTEN, of 10 West 30th Street, New York, United States of
America, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:
My, invention relates particularly to that class of telegraphic systems known as
Multiplex," in which a number of messages may be simultaneously transmitted on
the same line. wire.
Among systems of this character, some, as duplex and quadruplex, are operated by
the application of different strengths and polarities of current to the signalling
instruments, and others contain at different stations distributing apparatus, as
Sunflowers," technically called, over which trailers are kept in synchronous rotation
at different stations by electrically controlled step-by-step devices, which give to each
of a series of local receiving instruments the use of a line current for a small increment
of time during which such apparatus is at work.
The first part of my invention belongs generically to the synchronous multiplex
type embodying a novel system of synchronism, by which the distributing apparatus
at the different stations is kept in unison, and an independent system of signalling
between the stations.
This part of my invention consists further in a system in which progressive circuit
closers are maintained in synchronisin by electric motors having independent field
magnet and armature circuits, one of which circuits in each motor is controlled by a
line current change periodically by reversal, or interruption, or otherwise, at periods
corresponding to some part of the armature revolution, and the other circuit is excited
by a current which produces in that circuit a suitable polarity either constant or
periodically reversed, as may be required to maintain a continuous and uniform
movement of the apparatus.
This part of my invention also consists in determining the rate of change in the
controlling line current for synchronizing the motors by the revolutions of a controlling
motor, which sets the pace for the other motors of the system, and the other motors
are so constructed, in respect to winding and connections, that they may be made to
go at the same pace as this controlling motor or any fraction of its speed as required;
thus, the controlling motor may be run very fast and all the others very slow, but all
the driven machines alike in speed and in unison with each other.
This part of my invention embodies also a novel method of signalling over the same
line wire and a system of circuits and connections of apparatus such, that the synchro-
mism remains uninterrupted, notwithstanding the frequent and repeated interruptions
of the signalling current incident to numerous simultaneous transmissions over the
same wire.
This part of my invention embodies also other features which will be hereinafter
described in the specification.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figures 1 and 4 sheet 1, represents the system of circuits apparatus and connections
which I have devised for maintaining the continuous and uniform motion of an
electric motor driven through the agency of a controlling line circuit.
Figures 2 and 3 sheet 2, show a peculiar system of armature connections which
render a motor particularly adaptable for synchronous movements.
Figure 5 sheet 2, shows the operative circuits and parts of an independent
controlling motor of peculiar form and construction by which the line currents are
periodically reversed, and the movement of the machines at distant stations is
gontrolled,

page_text: Figures G, sheet 3, and 7, sheet 4, show diagramatically two distant stations
connected by a single line, and from which, at each end, radiate the connections to
several local stations, the complete sending and receiving apparatus for one such
local being shown at each end, one represented as sending and the other receiving.
I will first describe the armature connections:
Any form of continuously wound armature may be taken as a Gramme or drum,
and the ordinary connections to the commutator severed., They are then re-connected
as follows:
Referring to Figure 3, sheet 2, point 1 of the ring to segment 1 of the commutator;
as before, point 2 to the opposite segment 6; point 3, to point 3, as before; and
point 4 to the diametrically opposite seguent 6, and so on around the ring, all odd
numbered points connected to corresponding segments of the collector, as in a
Gramme ring or drum armature, and all even numbered ones connected oppositely
or reversedly, as shown in Figure sheet 2, or the ring winding may be connected
in groups alternately direct and reverse, as shown in Figure 2 sheet 2.
Segments 1, 2 and 3 to points 1, 2, 3, and segments 4, 5 and 6 to the opposite
points 10, 11, 12 &c. In either case the identity and character of the drum
armature, or Gramme ring, is destroyed, as it will no longer perform any of its
ordinary functions if placed in a constant magnetic field, the result of this system
being that it will not rotate as before, but will vibrate back and forth under the
action of the field, if given a current of one direction in the usual way, as indicated
by the battery connections and brushes shown in the Figures 2 and 3, the reason
being, that as the ring revolves its magnetism is constantly reversed by operation of
the constantly recurring reversed connections; but if this armature be placed in a
field that is periodically reversed, then this form of armature will turn, and the
armature must turn at just such a rate, that its reversals coincide exactly in time with
those of the field. Now, giving the armature and field separate exciting circuits,
and controlling all the field circuits of any number of distant-motors by a single
controlling line circuit having periodic reversals, while the armatures have indepen-
dent separate sources of energy, then all the machines will revolve synchronously,
for the reason, that all the field polarities of the machines are reversed at the same
instant of time, and all the armatures are likewise reversed by the peculiar con-
nections described, and thus are forced to move at such a rate that changes of polarity
in the fields and armatures must occur at the same instant in each machine.
So far as the synchronizing system is concerned, it remains to be shown how all
the field circuits of different motors at distant stations are caused to reverse polarity
at the same instant of time. In general terms, a controlling line circuit is supplied
with periodically reversed currents, or interrupted currents, which, at the distant
stations, operate polarized or other suitable relays, and these, by their vibrations,
reverse the direction of current in the field circuits. Such is the general state-
ment of the operation, but a very particular system of devices and circuits is
necessary to the certain and effective performance of the steps described.
This combination of circuits and devices is shown in Figures 1, (sheet 1) 6
(sheet 3,) and 7, (sheet 4) to which reference will soon be made, but in order first
to show the necessity of the complete system of devices and circuits used, it will be
necessary to refer first to Figure 4, sheet 1 which, though an operative system of
circuits, is not as effectual for the purposes required as the one hereafter described,
but serves to illustrate the defects which are remedied by the system of connections
and devices shown in Figure 1 sheet 1, which represents a very essential part of any
synchronizing system in which electric motors, having independent armature and
field circuits, are maintained in continued motion through the agency of a controlling
line circuit.
In Figure 4 sheet 1; M. L. is a main line wire grounded at E; it traverses a polarized
relay, and as the line is supplied from a suitable source with currents that are
periodically reversed, the tongue of this polarized relay is maintained in constant
vibration. The fixed point of this vibrating tongue is connected to one end of the
field circuit N $ of an ordinary electric motor, and the other end of this circuit is

page_text: connected to the middle point of the split battery M 1, while the extreme poles of
this battery are connected the contact stops e c of the relay. Evidently, therefore,
as the relay tongue vibrates back and forth, the current in the field circuit of the
motor will be reversed at each vibration of the relay tongue, and if the two-pole
armature A be supplied with a continuous current, as shown, from the source Â B,
the motor armature will turn, making one-half a revolution at each change of field
polarity. A liquid condenser s and plate condensers k, k may be placed as a shunt
around the points e, e. Now, while this is an operative system of circuits it is not
as effectual as that shown in Figure 1 sheet 1. The reasons are as follows:
In the first place, the main line current is very slight on a line of any length, and
the action of the polarized relay is necessarily very weak and cannot be made strong.
The result is, the slightest spark at the points e, e will soon bring the machine to rest
by causing the relay tongue t to "stick," there not being force enough in its magnet to
pull it away. The condenser devices shown will be ineffectual to prevent this spark
for the following reason:
When the tongue of the relay is on one side, as shown, then one-half of the
battery M. B. the left hand half is in action at the moment of breaking. However,
when the tongue is in the middle the E.M.F. of the entire battery is suddenly brought
into action to drive a current across the interval e e through the metal of the tongue;'
besides this double E.M.F. suddenly brought into play, the displacement of the relay.
tongue from the point e breaks the circuit of the field N S, and the magnetic reaction
thus brought about still further tends to intensify the spark. These objectionable
features render a different arrangement of circuits necessary for the best results.
The system shown in Figure 1 sheet 1 is a characteristic feature of my syn-
chronising system: It constitutes an assemblage of devices and circuits which
entirely obviate the difficulties met, and by its means such a system may be made
continuously and reliably operative without care or attention.
"
In Figure 1 sheet 1, the main line M L includes the polarized relay P P in circuit
as before, but this relay does not actuate the motor circuits directly. This polarized
relay has the fixed point of its tongue connected to one pole of a local battery L B,
the other terminal of which is carried to the right and left hand halves of the local
(Vibrator" V V, the other terminals of the coils of this vibrator being carried to
the contact stops ee of the polar relay, so that, when the relay tongue is on one
side one coil of the vibrator is actuated, and its armature is drawn to that side, and
when the relay tongue reverses the vibrator armature also reverses, so that the
vibrator armature follows the oscillations of the polarized relay tongue. The
vibrator, being actuated by a local circuit, can be given considerable strength
without producing too great a spark at the points c c, and it is found that the
vibrator can be given a pull of several pounds without causing such a spark at e, e as
could not be overcome by a few cups of liquid condensers and 4 shunted around
the points as shown. In this arrangement the liquid condensers and st suffice to
completely eliminate the spark at the relay points e e, so that the relay can be relied
upon to keep its pace with line currents so slight as to be scarcely measureable.
Now, the vibrator V V, which follows the relay, has a double armature, as shown,
being provided with two conducting parts and h³, connected to the two binding
posts and g by flexible connections; these parts are separated from each other and
from the pivot a by the insulating substance shown black. The motor M has also
a characteristic feature; it is provided with two independent field circuits wound'
parallel and together throughout upon the field cores; to avoid confusion one is
shown in light lines in the fields, but they are alike in all respects, and are connected
to separate and independent sources of energy M B and M B2, and the field is'
excited equally and oppositely by either one or the other of these two batteries,
according to which field circuit is used. Thus, there are two separate field circuits
corresponding respectively to the two contact points d¹ and d of the vibrator, and
the two sides 1 and 2 of the vibrator armature, and when one circuit is in action
the other is idle. In the position shown, with armature over to the left, the field is
excited by the dark line field circuit producing the polarities N and S, the circuit
.

page_text: being from the battery M B to the left through the adjustable rheostat Rh², to
contact point d, down left side armature, to the binding post g', into right hand
half of the field winding (dark circuit) thence to left hand half and back to the
battery M B. The armature of the machine is independently excited as before by
the battery A B.
The field circuits may be wound oppositely, or their terminals may be connected to
the batteries M B and M B, reversed in such a way that one field circuit will produce
the poles N and S in the field and the other the poles s and n. In this system, it will
be seen, the split field battery M B, of Figure 4, has been replaced by two independent
batteries and circuits M B and M B2, in Figure 4, and the double E.M.F. due to both
cannot operate to force a spark across the contact points d' d². Notwithstanding this,
and the heavy pull given to the local vibrator, the spark at d¹ and d² may still bring
the machine to a stop if left without further control, and to prevent this the plate
condenser and the liquid condenser s' are shunted in parallel to one field circuit
between the points and g', and on the other circuit the plate and liquid con-
densers and are similarly placed. Neither of these devices will effectively do the
work alone at this point, owing, probably, to the strong re-action of the field magnet
circuits of the motor at the instant of rupture of the field circuit.
Such are the devices and circuits necessary to the maintenance of a continuous
uninterrupted movement of electric motors at distant stations through the agency of a
controlling line circuit, and the required conditions are secured by simultaneous, but
independent, reversals of polarity in the field and armature necessary to a uniform and
synchronous movement.
Referring now to Figures sheet 3, 5, sheet 2, and 7, sheet 4, which should be
placed as a single chart in the order named, we have presented the complete
multiplex system embracing the first part of my invention and showing the
synchronising devices complete, distributors, switches, and the necessary signalling
instruments for the two stations, one complete set of the latter at each station X
and Y being shown, these stations being represented as the two extremities of a single
main line circuit M L connecting the two points. A single set of sending and
receiving instruments being shown at each end one set at Y sending, the other
receiving. The remaining sets of sending and receiving apparatus at each end, being
identical in form and connections with those, shown, are omitted to avoid confusion
of the drawing. The system is shown for a sextuplex, but evidently the number is
limited by practical considerations only, and any multiplex may be assumed.
Beginning now with a general description of the complete system as operated
between two stations X, in Figure 6, sheet 3, and Y, in Figure 7, sheet 4, we find
these stations connected by a single main line wire M L, M L, extending from X
to Y, and placed to earth at two points E and E3 at X and E2 and E at Y; one
such earth connection going to the sending and receiving apparatus at each station
through the segments of the circular distributors, the other earth connection being
a high resistance shunt through which the signalling cannot pass.
At some intermediate point between the stations X and Y, or, if need be, at one of
the stations, and carrying devices that are included in the main line circuit, (as shown
at Figure 5 sheet 2) is an electric motor which acts as an independent regulator and
controller of the entire system. This machine, as shown at Figure 5 sheet 2, is an
electric motor of simple form but with its armature A A and field coils N S in
separate independent circuits. The armature is energized by the source A B, or
armature battery, through the adjustable resistance R2, brushes dd,and commutator
segments c c. The field of this machine has a separate source of energy or field
battery FB, rheostat R 7. By operation of these separate circuits with adjustable
resistances in each, the speed of the machine is under perfect control, and as this
machine controls the speed of the main line distributing machines at X and Y, it is
important to have it thus controllable in speed, and a separate circuit machine is
necessary for this.
The machine shown in Figure 5, sheet 2, has two principal functions: first, it
reverses periodically and at regular intervals a main line current used for signalling,

page_text: and derived from one source shown as a main line battery at M L B, which produces
a low tension current; it also reverses a current derived from the source A B, and
also reversed periodically in the primary or inducing circuit of the induction coil I.
The secondary, or induced circuit S S, is connected, as shown in Figure 5, sheet 2,
as a shunt to the main line M L. This device, therefore, produces a high tension
current also periodically reversed on the main line, and the connections are such that the
directions of these high and low tension reversed currents, which are simultaneously
reversed on the line, always have the same direction, or polarity, at the
time.
same
The main line signalling current emanating from the source M L B is periodically
reversed by operation of the revolving pole changer PC carried upon the spindle of
the motor. This pole changer consists of two rings with over-lapping semi-circular
projections, and on these projections the line brushes and 2 bear, while on the
upper and lower continuous rings bear the two brushes that are connected to the
terminals of the main line battery M L B. Thus, at every half revolution of the pole
changer PC the signalling current from the main line battery M L B is reversed, and
these reversals occur accurately at every half revolution of the motor armature A A.
In this manner the motor shown in Figure 5 sheet 2 periodically reverses the main
line signalling current which, it has been stated, is a comparatively low tension
current.
The armature circuit A A of this motor is not of itself a closed circuit, but is closed
through an external loop, as shown, which includes in circuit the primary P P of the
induction coil I, connected through the brushes and 62, bearing on rings 1 and 2,
to the armature circuit A A of the motor, and as this armature receives its current
from the battery A B in reverse direction at each half revolution through the two part
commutator cc and brushes d d bearing thereon, so, therefore, at each half revolution
of the armature the main line current from the battery M. LB and the current in the
primary P P of the induction coil I are simultaneously reversed by reason of the fact
that the break in the middle part of the pole changer P C, and the slit in the
commutator c c, are on the same axial line. Furthermore, it will be observed, that as
the current in the armature circuit A A from the battery A B is effected and varied
in strength by the counter electro-motive force of the armature itself while turning,
so the current in the primary P P of the induction coil will not only be reversed at
each half revolution but there will be in this primary a true alternating current
reversed at each half revolution of the armature A A, and so generating in the
secondary S S of this induction coil a true alternating current of high E.M.F., and
varying in accordance with the law of Sines, as the armature coil A A moves from one
position to another.
This device, therefore, operates to produce in the main line circuit a continuously
and uniformly alternating current of high E.M.F., while the pole changer P C sends
from the signalling line battery M L B, a correspondingly reversed current of
low E.M.F., but reversed at the same time by separate devices operated by the same
machine.
The separate reversed currents traverse the entire line circuit, and operate to
produce the same identical effects at both the distant stations X and Y. Their
operation at one end will, therefore, suffice for a description of both.
At both ends there is a high resistance path to earth that can only be traversed by
the high tension current; and there is a low resistance path for signalling which can
be traversed by both, but the instruments for sending and receiving in the low tension
path are so wound as not to be susceptible to the action of the high tension current.
The high tension current is designed to maintain the synchronism and is to be kept
operative at all times through its own path independently of any interruptions of the
signalling current, and the continuous motion of the machines is thus secured
independently of any breaks or interruptions of the low tension signalling current,
the devices for the use of which will not respond to reversals of high tension
current.
Assuming now the machine at Figure 5 sheet 2, in motion, reversing periodically

page_text: the synchronising and signalling current, and passing to station X, Figure 6, sheet 3;
we find the main line ML divides at the point 1, one branch going to earth at E³
through the synchronising relay and 2 of 1000 Ohms resistance, and the other
branch to earth at E through the distributor D', trailer arms t¹t, one of the
segments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, of the distributor, thence through the pin switch P. S and
branch circuit to the particular receiving and sending instrument R¹ and key K,
momentarily thrown in connection, by the trailer, and so to earth at E, at which
point all the sending and receiving apparatus at X is placed to earth; the receiving
relay being a comparatively low resistance relay is not effected by the high tension
currents designed to operate the synchronising relay p³. The operation of the
synchronising apparatus is as follows.
The high tension reversed currents sent out periodically and continuously from the
induction coil at Figure 5 traverse the high tension polarized relays P P at X
and P2 Pat Y, and maintain the tongues of these polarized relays in constant and
uniform vibration, and as they vibrate back and forth they operate through the local
devices and circuits shown in Figure 6, sheet 3, and in further detail in Figure 1,
sheet 1, and previously explained to periodically and simultaneously reverse the
polarities of the motor fields Mat X and M2 at Y, and the armatures of these
machines are connected to their separate sources of energy in the manner shown in
Figures 2 and 3, sheet 2, and previously explained so that the two machines can only
move by coincident reversals of polarity in field and armature circuits at the two ends
of line.
So far as the synchronising system is concerned, this comprises, at some point in
the line circuit, the regulating motor shown at Figure 5, sheet 2, with its revolving
pole changer reversing periodically a low tension signalling current, andsimultaneously
through the suitable independent co-operating parts; the high tension synchronising
current; then at sending and receiving stations two earth connections in line with
instruments in each adapted to respond to the respective currents. The high tension
synchronising relays are adapted to respond to the high tension current and actuate
the local vibrators which carry the heavy local field currents.
The double circuit field, with the double circuit vibrators, and their co-operating
plate and liquid condensers placed as shown, in multiple are around the sparking
points, and in general the system of using entirely separate and independent circuits
in every synchronising part, are all special features of this organization which insure
the operation of the synchronising system and prevent burning out of the parts and
stopping of the machines. Among these I lay special stress and importance upon,
First the double field winding of the motors each designed and connected through
the vibrators to operate separately and independently in turn; and Secondly, the
double local vibrator system which renders the double field circuit system possible.
The general features and operative parts of the telegraph system proper will now be
explained.
The two machines at stations X and Y being supposed in continuous motion and
carrying the revolving trailer arms t t at X and t&c. at Y in uniform and
in synchronous movement over the surfaces of the distributors D' and D2 at these
stations, and making successive and simultaneous contacts with the corresponding
insulated segments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 at the two stations in rotation, and through
which the different sending and receiving devices are placed successively in
circuit. We have then, with the exception of the necessary sending and
receiving apparatus, all the required conditions for multiplex telegraphy.
sending and receiving apparatus will now be explained, and its method of operation
shown.
The
First with reference to the distributors D' at X and D2 at Y, these devices are made
different from the usual form, instead of being divided into segments all around the
circle only a fourth part of the entire circumference is sub-divided; it is usual, in
such apparatus, to divide the entire circumference into segments, but as the distri-
butor is the main feature of cost in such a system as is here described, it is important
to reduce the divided portion, and, on the plan here shown, a half, a quarter, an

page_text: eighth, or any subdivision of the distributor may be cut into segments and serve the
same purpose as if the circumference were cut up in the usual way. This will be
understood by reference to the drawings Figure 6 sheet 3, in which a quarter
segment of the distributor is divided into segments, the other three fourths being left
intact. The uncut part is connected to the main line, as shown at D¹ z', and the
spindle Sp, is provided with four arms t¹³tt, all carrying brushes that sweep over
the subdivided and the solid part of the distributor continuously, and each brush in
electrical contact with both these parts in turn. From this it results that there are
always three brushes connected to the main line M L, through the solid part of the
distributor, while the fourth brush, passing over the dividing quadrant, always connects
the line to the particular local branch which is at the time receiving the line current.
Thus for sextuplex arrangement, the divided quadrant would be cut into twelve
segments, six of them shown black, being insulating segments, the other six,numbered
1 to 6 inclusive, being shown white, each of these being the connecting point to one
of the six branch circuits.
The arrangement shown thus provides for four contacts of each branch circuit to
the main line during one revolution; each brush in turn acting as a connector from
the main line to the branches connected to the different conducting segments.
Thus,during each quarter revolution of the machine one of the four branches t¹³ ³ (7
will pass over the conducting segment No. 3 of the subdivided quadrant, and so
connect the branch circuit No. 3 and included instruments to line and earth at E1
and similarly at station Y to line at that station and earth E³, thus momentarily
completing the circuit for that branch.
The machines being supposed in synchronous rotation at the two stations X and Y,
each branch circuit will receive in turn a series of intermittent impulses as the trailers
sweep over the connecting segments, and as the pole changer at P C, Figure 5,
sheet 2 is continually reversing the line current, these intermittent impulses received
in the branches at each station will be alternately positive and negative in rapid
succession. To respond to such a series of rapidly recurring effects, the receiving
apparatus must be so constructed as to respond quickly and remain in one position
while the key is closed, no matter how many interrupted impulses may be required
to indicate a single dot with the Morse key, and to remain in the open position how-
ever long the key may remain open; and is also desirable to contrive such apparatus
for sending and receiving by means of the ordinary key used for simplex tele-
graphy-ordinary relays and senders indicating dots and dashes clearly in response to
the ordinary manipulation of the key at the other extremity of the line. In the
system I describe this is effected in a novel manner.
Referring to Figure 6 sheet 3, the branch circuit No. 3 includes the neutral
receiving relay R when this instrument is connected direct to earth at E' through the
switches sw. The same branch to earth will include the key K' in circuit through
point n', when this switch is open and the key is closed on its front contact, as shown
at the sending station Y, where the key is represented in the sending position
and the switch s is open.
These relays R' at X and R at Y, therefore receive a series of rapid intermittent
impulses, and, when made sufficiently delicate, to respond to these currents of short
duration rapidly repeated five to ten times during a single dot of the key. The relay
armaturer Figure 6, and tongue are maintained in constant vibration while the key
at the sending end is closed.
Such action will not cause a sounder to respond to the motions of the key without
some special device arranged to distinguish between the periods of time when the
relay armature is in vibration and when it is not. This is effected in the system
shown by the operation of a single intermediate instrument shown in Figure 6 at a R¹;
and called an auxiliary relay; it is a local instrument, and works the sounder D¹ in
response to the action of the main line relay. Its operation is as follows:
The auxiliary relay is operated by a local circuit energized by the local battery R 1,
which includes coils of the auxiliary relay in circuit. One extremity of the source R

page_text: 66
is connected to the fixed point of the armature of the receiving relay R', and the
other extremity, passing through the auxiliary relay, is connected to both the front
and back contact points and of the receiving relay R'. Thus, if the receiving
relay armature is vibrating back and forth, the auxiliary relay "R" receives an
impulse whenever the armature of the receiving relay R strikes either the front
contact or the back contact, from which it follows that the armature of the
auxiliary relay a R" must make two vibrations to each single vibration of the
receiving relay armature ¹. The armature of the receiving relay R' is maintained
in rapid vibration, so rapid that it is impossible for the auxiliary relay to follow at
double speed, and from this relation of the two relays it results that, so long as the
receiving relay proper R is maintained in vibration by the key and circuit being
closed, the auxiliary relay, being unable to follow, remains against its back stop
where it is held by the spring; instantly, however, that the main line receiving relay
ceases vibrating, or is allowed to come to rest by opening the key at Y, the tongue
and armature resting firmly against one of the contact points causes the auxiliary
relay to draw its armature against the action of the spring firmly against its front
stop, which action, it will be seen, opens the sounder circuit, and the sounder
armature flies up or opens. If the key is again closed at Y, then the armature of the
receiving relay begins vibrating under the action of the intermittent impulses sent to
line. The armature of the auxiliary relay, being unable to follow, is instantly drawn
by the spring against its back contact, the sounder circuit is closed, and the sounder
remains closed as long as the armature of the main line relay is kept in vibration by
a closed key at the other end of the line. Such is the general system used for sending
ordinary Morse signals composed of dots and dashes, by intermittent impulses of
current sent to line, and causing an ordinary sounder to respond clearly and sharply
to such signals.
There are many modifications of the system shown which need not be described in
detail here, but the general principle of arrangement is the same in all, which consists
mainly of an auxiliary local relay so connected that its armature remains against one
stop while the main line relay is in vibration, (either back or front,) and against the
other when the line is open. In the system shown, Y is sending to X, line switch to
earth Eat Y is open, so that the line is opened and closed by the operator at Y by
opening and closing his key. Line switch s at X is closed, thus putting the branch
at X permanently to earth at E', the main line relay being included in the branch
circuit to earth at each station.
It will be seen that in the position indicated the main line relays R¹ at X and R²
at Y will receive an impulse of current from the line every time one of the trailer
arms strikes the segment No. 3 at each end, and so connecting these branches and
their included relays simultaneously to line and earth at E and E. Such an impulse
is received by the relays four times during each revolution of the machine, so that
five revolutions a second of the machine at 300 a minute, (a fair working speed for a
steady movement,) gives the receiving relays 20 impulses a second. Maintained in
vibration at this rate, or higher-the auxiliary relay armatures cannot follow; I there-
fore find the following conditions at the two ends of the line.
At X line closed to earth through switch s ; at Y line closed by depressed key K²;
at both stations main line relays vibrating back and forth; at both stations auxiliary
relays released, as they cannot follow at double speed, and both drawn by their springs
against the back contact closing the sounder circuits at both stations, and sounders at
both stations closed down; opening the key at Y reverses all these conditions at both
stations; main line relays cease vibrating the armatures of the auxiliary relays are
instantly drawn up, sounder circuits opened, and the sounder armatures fly up.
Ordinary Morse transmission is thus maintained in all the local circuits of which one
is shown complete, with an ordinary single acting key, an ordinary main line relay of
sensitive construction, and a single local instrument, or auxiliary relay, the function
of which is to translate the action of the main line receiving relay into the ordinary
dots and dashes of the Morse code,

page_text: From the connection shown, it is evident that the operator at X can at any time
stop or interrupt the distant sending operator at Y, simply "breaking" in the ordinary
way by opening his line switch w¹.
"
We thus see that in the system that I have devised and here explained, the different
operators at the two extremities of the line work precisely as if each had the entire
use of an independent line to himselfsending ordinary Morse signalswhich are also read
at the sending end, received on ordinary Morse instruments at both ends, and facilities
for " breaking in as in straight line work, or simplex telegraphy."
An examination of the circuits will show that the auxiliary relay tongue rests on
its back contact when the sounder is down or closed; thus, the sounder follows the
motion of the key up and down, but this motion in the relay is reversed. As some
operators prefer to read by the relay it is is somtimes important to have the relay also
follow the motion of the key in the ordinary way, and this can be readily affected by
placing the sounder in a shunt to the circuit.
It will thus be seen by an examination of the system that the machines are main-
tained in continuous motion by an uninterrupted superposed high tension current that
cannot affect the telegraph instruments, and the signalling is accomplished by
interrupting a line current of low tension, which finds it way to earth through the
sending and receiving instruments, maintaining the latter in vibration when their
circuits are closed, but not affecting the high resistance synchronising relays when
they are open. The system as a whole, therefore, comprises the following co-operative
parts.
A line circuit between stations connected between its earth terminals to a main
line battery through a revolving pole changer, which rapidly and periodically
reverses this main line current uniformly, also to a source of high electro-motive
force producing a high tension superposed current, also reversed by the same agency,
and, therefore, simultaneously with the former; a controlling motor for driving the
pole changer, reversing the line currents and setting the pace for the synchronising
motors at distant stations. At distant stations synchronising motors; a number of low
resistance circuits from line to earth through distributing segments and trailers driven
by the synchronising motors including signalling devices; an independent shunt
circuit to earth around the distributors at each station, and having high tension
polarized relays in circuit designed to respond to the reversals of the high tension
superposed synchronising current, but not permitting the passage to earth of the low
tension signalling current through this shunt; vibrators connected in local circuits at
the stations, and driven or maintained, in vibration by the high tension polarized relay
connections from vibrators to the machine, or synchronising motor circuits for
reversing currents in one or both the machine circuits, as may be required in the
several kinds of machines; a system of liquid condensers, around the relay points;
a system of plate and liquid condensers, and system of connecting circuits to the
machine circuits, whereby the motors can be maintained in uninterrupted motion; a
system of sending and receiving instruments in each of the branch circuits at each
station designed, as shown, for telegraphic transmission in ordinary Morse characters
by means of the intermittent pulsations of the reversed line currents, which is
constantly maintained, and in general the system of maintaining motors in uniform
synchronous movement by a high tension superposed line current constantly reversed,
and a simultaneously reversed low tension current, by the interruption of which
ordinary telegraphic transmission is maintained in a multiplex system.
The second part of my invention relates more particularly to the general system of
circuits used by which, with a single line wire, I maintain distant machines in
synchronism, and at the same time, without interfering with this function, I contrive.
to send multiplex telegraphic signals over the same line with the same current used
for synchronising, and, as distinctly asserted, without interrupting its continued
operation as a synchronising current.
The drawings, sheets 5, 6, and 7, show the general system of circuits complete for
two terminal stations, one complete set of sending and receiving apparatus being
shown at each end in operation.

page_text: Figure 1, sheet 5, shows one end of the line and station A at that end.
Figure 2 sheet 7, shows an intermediate point in the line circuit at which a single
main line battery is placed, and a revolving pole changer for rapidly reversing this
battery with respect to the line M L.
Figure 3, sheet 6, shows in detail the other extremity of the line, or the station Y.
Y being represented as sending to X through the single set of instruments shown in
operation.
Figure 4 sheet 7 represents in detail the circuits and means of driving the motors
at X and Y to the spindles of which are secured the revolving trailer arms that sweep
over the segmental distributors at the two stations.
The novel features of the second part of my invention relate, first, to the motor
connections shown in Figure 4, sheet 7, by which the synchronism is maintained by
the periodic reversals of current in a single circuit of the motor.
The second feature shown and claimed in this second part of my invention is the
system of connections and methods, without a difference of current tension or different
currents of any kind, and by the mere reversal of a single main line battery,
independent synchronism and telegraphic communication are maintained with the
same current on a single line between two or more stations without any interference
of the two operations with each other.
These special features will now be explained in detail. One refers evidently to the
driving mechanism of the synchronising motors at the different stations; the other is
a result of the general system of circuits and connections between stations, and
constitutes a novel system of circuits by itself.
First, with regard to the motor, and referring to Figure 4 sheet 7, it will be seen
that the field magnets NS NS of the machine are excited by a single closed circuit
connected to the poles of the single field battery, or source FB. Thus, the field is
constantly energized, and never changes polarity while the current in the armature is
constantly reversed, as there explained, by the vibrator W, Figure 4 sheet 7, sending
alternately reversed currents from the side + and of the battery m above the vibrator
into the armature circuit A. A of the motor through the brushes B B bearing on the
commutator C. Now, if this armature were any form of Gramme ring or drum
winding and their constant connections, it could not possibly revolve in a constant
field when supplied with reversed currents, as shown, but would oscillate to and fro
as the currents were reversed. The peculiar connections used, however, change all
this, for it will be seen on examination that the reverse connections of the armature
going first three direct to their corresponding commutator segments, and the next
three to the segments diametrically opposite, have the effect of maintaining the
polarity of the ring constant at n and s with currents that are rapidly reversed as
those supplied from the battery m through the vibrating armature of the vibrator W.
But, evidently, with the armature connections shown, three direct and three reversed,
then three more direct and three more reversed, the ring, in order to maintain its
polarity constant with the reversed currents as explained, must turn precisely through
a quarter revolution during each change of current, and doing this it becomes a sort
of direct current motor on an alternating current source, and the motion becomes
uniform and regular with a single controlled circuit, (the armature circuit,) which is
the point it is desired to bring out clearly.
Passing now to the novel features of system connections it is desired to claim, the
three Figures 1, sheet 5, 2, sheet 7, and 3, sheet 6, should be placed in the order named
from left to right, so that the main line M L M L is continuous from station X on the
left to station Y on the right, and at each station X and Y the trailer arms T1 and T2
should be considered in synchronous rotation sweeping over the distributer surfaces
uniformly, and touching like numbered segments at the two stations at the same
instant of time; these trailers being secured to, and carried by motors like that shown
in Figure 4, sheet 7; and maintained in continuous motion by the vibrations of the
polarized relays P₁ at X and P2 at Y, which are connected to the driving motors, as
shown in Figure 4, sheet 7, the armature of these polarized relays are maintained in
constant and uniform vibration by constant reversals of a main line current. This is

page_text: effected at some intermediate point generally, as that shown at Figure 2, sheet 7,
where an ordinary revolving pole changer PC driven by any constant speed device,
constantly reverses the main line battery M B with respect to the main line, so that the.
main line M L is alternately and rapidly charged with reversed currents alternately
+ and
and of the same duration. No special explanation need be given here how,
this current operates as a synchronising current, except as to how it can be used
simultaneously as a telegraphic or communicating current without interfering with
its action as a synchronising current, the special feature of this application.
The polarized relays P¹ at X and P2 at Y are termed the synchronising relays and
they are maintained in constant vibration by the reversals of line current, which,
emanating from changer PC at Figure 2, sheet 7, proceed to the extremities of the
line at stations X and Y. At a point beyond the synchronising relay P¹ at X the
line divides into two branches, one T going direct to earth at E through the high
resistance R of about 10,000 Ohms, the other branch N¹ leaving the main line at the
point, connects to trailer arm T, and through it and the segments of the dis-
tributer to earth at E3, through the particular set of receiving and sending instruments
for the time being placed in communication by the trailer arm.
It will thus be seen that there is a constant path for the same line current to earth
at through the branch T, and an intermittent lower resistance path to earth at E³,
through the branch N', distributer segment, communicating instruments &c.
At station Y the connections of line to earth are precisely similar; a constant high.
resistance shunt T2 to earth at E2, through the similar rheostat Rhand likewise an
intermittent low resistance path N, through the distributer segment and commu-
nicating segments at Y to earth at E.
The purpose in leaving blank or disconnected segments in the distributers will now
be understood, for when the trailers are resting on these segments, while there are for
the time being no communicating instruments in circuit, the line has still one direct
earth connection at each end through the high resistance shunts T and T3, so that if
all the keys of all the instruments at both ends should be opened the line current
would still flow through these high resistance shunts to earth, and so maintain the
synchronising relays in action. If, on the other hand, one or all of the keys at both
ends are closed, then a large part of the current flows through the low resistance path
to earth at E3 and E', actuating the communicating instruments, however still, without
affecting the synchronising relays, inasmuch as it matters not which path to earth is
taken, (and there is always one,) the current has first to pass through the synchronising
relays.
The receiving apparatus need not be described here; it is sufficient to say, that the
receiving relays Rand Rare neutral, and are, therefore, affected alike by positive
or negative currents.
The foregoing describes the method and system of circuits by means of which a
single synchronising and ordinary used on a single line circuit for both purposes at
the same time, namely, synchronising and ordinary telegraphy, without either
operation disturbing the effects of the other.
I do not limit myself to the specific arrangement of parts and apparatus herein
shown and described, as it is obvious that many modifications might be substituted
for various parts of this part of my invention and still come within the terms of the
claims which follow.
An obvious modification of one element of my apparatus would be the substitution
of an alternating current generator in place of the line battery and pole charger located
between the station distributers.
The third part of my invention is directed to a system of synchronous multiplex
telegraphy in which two main lines connect the distant apparatus, and in one of
which synchronising relays are located, while the other includes the distributers,
propelling, motors and connections.
This part of my invention will be fully understood by referring to the drawings.
sheets 8, 9 and 10, in which Figures 1, 2 and 3 should be placed in the order named

page_text: from left to right, the Figures 1 and 3 represent the terminal stationsXand Yat the two
ends of the line, with one complete set of instruments for communicating shown at
each end, Y represented as sending to X, also the synchronising relays for driving the
motors that carry the revolving trailers thus made to sweep over the tables of
distributing segments placed at the ends of the line.
Figure shows any intermediate or other point of the line at which a revolving
pole changer is placed, the function of which is to reverse a battery constantly with
respect to the synchronising line.
Figure 4 shows details of the synchronising apparatus, the system of circuits, and
means and devices by which the motors are caused to move in synchronism by the
action of the synchronising relays. Figure 4 is a detail; Figures 1, 2 and 3 are
system.
In Figures 4, is a polarized relay in the synchronising line, and represents
either the relay plat station X or P2 at station X-each of these being connected to
motors at these stations that drive the trailer arms T and T and T through a
system of circuits and connections like those shown in detail in Figure 4. The
polarized relay P P Figure 4 is in the synchronising line, the current in which is
periodically and rapidly reversed, and thus keeps the tongue of this relay in rapid
and constant vibration between the contact stops and ³, and this tongue is so
connected to the vibrator W, as shown, through two circuits and local sources of
energy that the tongue of the vibrator follows the motions of the relay tongue
accurately, but with far greater strength, being on a local circuit like an ordinary
sounder with respect to its line relay. This vibrator in furn has its tongue h so
connected to a split battery and the armature brushes B and B of the motor mill,
that the current in the armature is reversed at every change of the vibrator tongue.
Now, the armature circuits are so connected, (while the field is permanently energized
by a closed circuit and source of energy of its own.) that the armature will continue
revolving in the same direction, providing its rate is such that a reversal of current
is caused by the vibrator at each quarter of a revolution and it tends always to acquire
this speed no matter how fast, or how slow, or how changeable the rate of the
vibrator may be and the speed may be gradually increased to any rate desired, and
then maintained consequently.
All these features of detail have been briefly described here simply to explain how
the two trailer arms Trat X and Tat Y are maintained in synchronous motion by
the polarized relays P¹ at X and p² at Y.
The general system will be described:
An independent synchronizing line S, Figure 2, extends both ways to the
station X on the left and Y on the right, at which points it is grounded through
suitable resistances Rh at E and Rat E and E2. At the stations x and y the
polarized relays P1 and P are included in this synchronising line; at some other
point in the line a battery of suitable construction is connected to this synchronising
line through a revolving pole changer Pc and brushes bearing against its surface.
This pole changer is driven rapidly, but uniformly by a motor, so that the current of
the battery SB is rapidly reversed to the line, and these reversals keep the tongues
of the P at X and P2 at Y in constant and uniform vibration, and through the
agencies previously described and shown in Figure 4. these relays keep the synchro-
nising motors, that carry on their spindles the trailers T at X and T2 at Y, in
uniform synchronous motion.
An independent line called the communicating line. extends from the trailer spindle
at to the trailer spindle at Y, and this line is grounded at E3 and E successively
and in rotation through different sets of sending and receiving instruments at each
end as they make successive contact with the different segments of the segmental
distributers over which they continue to sweep in unison with each other.
The sending and receiving apparatus, of which one set is shown at each end, need
not be specially described here, as it is identical with that described in the first part
of my invention, and shown in Figures 6 and 7, sheets 3 and 4. The communicating

page_text: line CL has a separate battery M B at X and M2 B2 at Y, both parts of which are
constantly brought into action by closing the sending key at one end while the line
is placed to earth at the other.
The fourth part of my invention relates to a broad and general method and system
of synchronous multiplex telegraphy for connecting a large number of central points
in a general system of multiplex communication with each other. This part of my
invention will be fully understood by referring to sheets 11 and 12 of the drawings in
which
Figure 1 is a general plan of the system I have invented for connecting a large
number of points.
Figure 2 shows a number of polarized relays or vibrators connected in a single line
circuit in such a way that all vibrate synchronously throughout an extended line
indifferently of the number under proper conditions. These polarized relays drive
electric motors at these distant points in the general manner explained in the prior
parts of this specification. These motors drive rotating trailer arms, which sweep
over segmental distributer tables, as shown in Figure 3, connecting the same
numbered instrument at different stations simultaneously to line, and so permitting
multiplex transmission between all, providing the trailers to move in synchronism as
contemplated.
Figure 4 shows a detail of arrangement in which a single such motor with a long
spindle carries away superposed trailer arms that sweep over as many separate
superposed tables, each connecting through its trailer to a different one of a number
of communicating line wires that converge at a single point from a number of
differently located distant ones.
Referring now to Figure 1, which is a plan of such a general system as this part of
my invention contemplates different central points located at suitable distances from
some central point as say Cincinnati, indicated by Cn. At this point is placed a
revolving pole changer which constantly reverses a synchronising line that runs
through many distant points. The independent synchronising line is indicated dotted
in the Figure.
To St. Louis
Indianapolis
To Omaha
33
"
Detroit
"
Chicago
Columbus
Buffalo
وو
33
Boston
"
Albany
New York
"
Philadelphia to Bt.
., Pittsburg
!!
Washington
and then back to Cincinnati.
It is not asserted that in practice so large a general system would be comprised in
one circuit, but with very high tension induced synchronising currents and properly
constructed polarized synchronizing relays and a copper wire, such a circuit is far
from impossible, and is given simply as an illustration.
At each of these points is a synchronising polarized relay, which may drive one or
any number of electric motors at each point, and all will be in synchronism with each
other. These motors drive trailer arms that sweep over circular tables of insulated
segments all in synchronism with each other. The synchronism line is designed to
maintain all these motors in perfect synchronism through the agency of the polarized
relays in the synchronising circuit." If the motors can be thus maintained in
synchronism as supposed, through the agency of the general synchronising line and
necessary devices, then the points so connected in a general system can be reconnected
in any way desired by another set of communicating lines that can be run in any
direction between any two points on the synchronising circuit not too distant, and all
such lines will then be available for multiplex telegraphy on the system I have
described and bear no relation to the general synchronising circuit, except that at the
two extremities of any communicating line there are always machines in electric
unison with each other.
In the diagram Figure 1, the dotted line is the general synchronising circuit, and

page_text: the full lines are the telegraphic or communicating lines connecting all the points
on the synchronising lines in various directions. At many points a number of com-
municating lines converge at such points there will be as many distributers as separate
lines and separate trailers driven all by one motor, as shown in Figure 4; or by a
number of motors, as may be desired.
The general system consists, therefore, in connecting a number of distant points by
a single independent synchronising line passingthrough all points, withwhich multiplex
communication over a single line wire is desired, and connecting these points in any
desired manner by a separate network of communicating or telegraphic lines, thus
enabling multiplex communication to be carried on between a large number of distant
points at all of which electric motors are maintained in synchronism through the
agency of a single independent synchronizing circuit.
The fifth part of my invention consists in the organization of receiving apparatus
designed to produce ordinary Morse signals in systems of synchronous multiplex
telegraphy of the types covered by the foregoing description. In such systems the
relays are actuated by a series of intermittent impulses, and the object in devising
special forms of receiving instruments is to produce an organization of devices which
will respond clearly to such intermittent currents; ordinary receiving instruments
will chatter or vibrate, and the sounder will not produce the signal sent by the
key. This part of my invention is fully illustrated in the drawings, sheet 13, in
which
Figure 1 represents two terminal stations X and Y connected by a line circuit, and
there is shown at each end of the line circuit, a table of insulated contacts over which
the trailers move in unison; these are shown at T and T2 and the main line ML is
connected at the two stations to the spindles carrying these trailers, and through them
to earth at E1 and E2.
Figure 2 is a view of the receiving relay, and
Figure is 1. detail of the armature. The receiving relay will first be
explained.
Referring to Figure 2. M is a single bar magnet whose coils are in the main line
circuit in front of the magnet is placed a soft sheet iron cross supported in the fixed
ring, Figure 3. The centre of the cross is opposite the centre of the magnet core and
is provided with a small platinum contact point pl, in front of which is supported an
entirely adjustable point p. held by a set screws in a suitable post placed in front of
the armature. These two points are normally in contact, but as the armature vibrates
under the action of intermittent currents the connection between the two is rapidly
broken or interrupted.
To understand the action of this relay reference will be had to Figure 1, and the
nature of the currents forming a single signal will be explained. It will be observed,
that there is one complete set of sending and receiving apparatus at each station
thus connected to segment No. 4, station X represented as sending and Y
receiving.
At some point in the main line circuit is a
revolving pole changer P C. which
constantly reverses a battery L B. so that the said line is constantly charged with
currents of reversed direction. As the trailers strike the segments + at the two ends
of the line the receiving relays Re at the two stations receive these intermittent
impulses at rapid intervals, but as the relays are neutral the direction of the currents
is immaterial.
It will only be necessary to describe the action of the receiving apparatus at one
end of the line, as at X. The key at X being depressed an impulse will traverse
the receiving relay R, over which the trailers strike the segment 4, and the
armature key will be maintained in constant vibration so long as the key remains
closed.
It practically breaks contact at y² and the armature of auxiliary relay A R is
drawn against the back stop by its spring. This closes the circuit of the sounder D',
the armature of which, therefore, remains down while the key is closed. If the
key is open the line is open, and the armature of the receiving relay rests against

page_text: the contact point p², the circuit of the auxiliary relay A R is closed and the sounder D¹
is released.
The same steps take place in the receiving instruments at station Y, and thus
connection is maintained as in ordinary Morse signals.
The sixth part of my invention consists in an additional form of receiving apparatus
designed to produce ordinary Morse signals in a system of synchronous multiplex
telegraphy, and embraces a modification of the fifth part of my invention.
This
part of my invention is illustrated in sheets 14 and 15 of the drawings in
which.
Figures 1 and 2 are a plan and end elevation of the receiving relay.
Figure shows one set of instruments arranged for sending and receiving by
ordinary Morse writing in the multiple system between two stations X and Y connected
by a main line circuit, one set of instruments being shown in operation at each
station, those at Y sending and those at X receiving.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, on a base B is mounted an ordinary relay magnet M
which, instead of the ordinary form of armature, has placed in front of its poles a
thin iron ribbon so arranged that it can be stretched rigidly. It is fixed on one end
in a post p, and passing through the slot in the .post p2 is fastened to a set screw S¹,
by means of which the ribbon can be given the proper degree of tension.
The
magnet M is adjusted in the ordinary way by means of the set screw S2, so that the
magnet poles may be approached to, or moved away from the ribbon.
When intermittent impulses of current are sent into the coils of the magnet M
and connected in the main line circuit, the ribbon is maintained in constant
vibration, but when at rest the contact piece & rests against the adjustable point St.
Two such instruments are used in conjunction with each other, as shown in Figure 3
to cause an ordinary Morse sounder to respond to the signals of the key.
The manner in which this is accomplished will be understood from examination of
Figure 3. in which a single set of sending and receiving instruments is shown at the
stations X and Y being represented as sending to X. A description of the operation
on these instruments at one station will answer for both.
Ris the receiving relay just located in the main line circuit; close to it, and
preferably mounted on the same base, is an auxiliary relay Ar of similar construction,
and a narrower and heavier instrument to operate on a local circuit and battery S.
When the key A at Y is depressed, as shown, the receiving relay R receives a series
of intermittent impulses of current; the ribbon a² is maintained in constant vibration,
so that the local circuit of the auxiliary relay is opened. This allows the ribbon of
the auxiliary relay to fly back against the contact stop, and close the circuit of the
sounder D. If, however, the key is open, the impulse in the receiving relay R v
cease, the ribbon a strikes its back contact, and the circuit of the auxiliary relay Ar
is closed, the ribbon a is drawn away from its contact, and the sounder circuit is
open. In this way the sounder is caused to follow the motions of the key, and as the
same operations are repeated at the distant station, signals can be transmitted
with a key and a sounder in ordinary Morse writing with intermittent current
impulses.
The seventh part of my invention relates particularly to improvements in dis-
tributers of synchronous multiplex, or analogous of the types disclosed in the
foregoing description, and its objects are:
1st. To provide a distributer in which there shall be always perfect electrical contact
between the revolving trailer brush and the distributing segments.
2nd. To insure accurate discontinuity between the brush and the last segment
over which it passes as it rotates before making operative continuity with the next
succeeding segment, thereby avoiding a division of the signalling current between
two sets of apparatus.
3rd. Simplicity and cheapness of construction.
I accomplish these objects by the device hereinafter described.
Referring now to sheet 16 of the drawings for a full understanding of the seventh
mont
winxention

page_text: ور
Figure 1 is a broken perspective view of an ordinary well known * Sunflower
distributer, such as are used in printing telegraphs, and with synchronous multiplex
telegraphs.
Figure 2 is a similar view of my improved form of distributer.
In Figure 1 the "Sunflower" segments D₁ are arranged as usual on a dise S', and
insulated from each other, the circuit connections to the synchronous or other apparatus
being omitted in both figures of the drawing as superfluous here.
Tis the trailer arm carried by the driven shaft p. The swinging brush in the
end of the trailer arm Trests flatly on the segments D', and it is a fact that
continued adjustment of the brush is required to obtain from this apparatus the best
results.
If the brush becomes slightly askew the incoming currents are divided between the
two adjoining segments as it passes from one to another. The pressure of the brush
being constant, increased speed renders it liable to jump and mar the signals.
I overcome quite fully these objections by the distributer shown in Figure 2, in
which the distributer segments D² are mounted on the outer surface of a ring S, and
insulated from each other as before.
These segments, being simply rectangular metallic blocks, can be made much more
cheaply and expeditiously than can the "Sunflower" type shown in Figure 1 and are
secured directly at their lower end to the ring S by screws, so that they may be
quickly and easily removed.
'
The trailer arm Tr mounted, as before, on the rotary shaft p carries a contacting
brush bent at its outer end, as shown, so that the angle of the bend bears squarely on
the inner faces of the segments D2, and will be out of absolute contact with any
segment as it rides over the insulating space between it and the next succeeding
segment.
The segments D2 may be insulated by simple air spaces, if desired, and secured to
the ring by any preferred means, my invention being directed more particularly to the
arrangement of said segments with the trailer brush bearing against them on their
inner faces, whereby centrifugal force gives increased contact between said parts.
Said segments may be arranged on the inner face of the ring S, if desired, and the
brush may be of any preferred form.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1st. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a pair of distributers, with
transmitting and receiving apparatus, in combination with a pole changer and a
signalling battery located in the main line, substantially as described.
2nd. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a pair of distributers con-
trolled by electrically driven motors, transmitting and receiving apparatus for each
distributer, and a main or signalling battery located in the main line joining the
distributers, in combination with a pole changer adapted to reverse the direction of
said battery continuously, substantially as described.
Brd. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a pair of distributers, motors
for driving said distributers, synchronising mechanism for keeping said motors in
synchronism, a main line signalling battery, a pole changer for reversing the direction
of said battery continuously, a motor for driving said pole changer, an inductive
device controlled also by said motor for influencing, or controlling the synchronising
devices at each distributer substantially as described.
4th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a motor located at a point
on the main line between any two stations, in combination with a main line battery
and pole changing device, connections between said motor and battery, whereby
currents of reverse polarity are successively set up in opposite directions, substantially
as described.
5th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, an electric motor located
at a point between two stations of a single main line, a main line battery, a pole

page_text: changer, a secondary current generating device with connections between said motor,
battery and secondary current device, whereby signalling currents and regulating
currents are sent over the line conjointly, substantially as described.
6th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a main line battery-a pole
changer and a secondary current generating device, all located in a single main line,
substantially as described.
7th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a secondary current
generating device located in the main line between the distributers, in combination
with means at each distributer for regulating their synchronism, substantially as
described.
8th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a main line battery and a
secondary current generator device located in the main line between two stations, in
combination with means for causing said battery and secondary current generating
device to rapidly reverse the polarity of the currents sent to line, the alternating
currents from the two devices differing in tension, substantially as described.
9th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a main line connected
directly at each end to the current distributers, in combination with synchronising
devices located in branches running to earth around the distributers, substantially as
described.
10th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a main line connected at
each end directly to a distributer, and including in its circuit a main line battery and
mechanism intermediate between the distributers, with synchronising mechanism
located in branches earthed around the distributers, substantially as described.
11th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a current distributer or
analogous device propelled by an electric motor, the armature whereof is magnetized
by a continuous current, in combination with a polar relay located in the main line,
and a regulating motor adapted to control a secondary current generating device
located directly in the main line, the connections between the polar relay and the
field coils of the first named motor and those of the armature coil of the second
motor, and the secondary current generating device being such that absolute syn-
chronism is maintained, substantially as described.
12th. The herein described method of supplying electrical currents for use in
synchronous multiplex telegraphic systems, consisting in setting up on a single main
line, at a point between two current distributers, two sets of current impulses, and
using one set of such impulses for synchronising, and the other set for signalling
purposes, substantially as described.
13th. The herein described method of supplying electrical currents for synchronous
multiplex telegraphs, which consists in creating two sets of current impulses at a
point between two distributers, and in causing one set of said impulses to synchronize
the distributers, and the other to actuate signalling instruments, substantially as
described.
14th. The described method of supplying electrical currents to a system of
synchronous multiplex telegraphs, consisting in creating two sets of current impulses
differing in tension at a point between two current distributers, then using the
high tension impulses for synchronising and the low tension impulses for signalling,
substantially as described.
15th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a synchronising relay
located in the main line, in combination with a distributer motor having its field.
circuit connected to an energizing battery through the relay armature and front
and back stops thereof, with a spark preventing device located in a shunt around
the contacts substantially as described.
16th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a synchronising relay
controlling a local battery circuit, which includes electro-magnetic means for con-
trolling the speed of a distributor motor, in combination with a spark preventing
device arranged in a shunt around the relay contacts, substantially as described.
17th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a synchronising relay
having a local circuit adapted to control an electromagnetic device, which in turn

page_text: has local circuit connections through independent batteries, and the field magnet
of a synchronising motor having its armature in a separate circuit, substantially as
described.
18th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a synchronising relay
adapted to control a local circuit through a magnetic device, a pair of local
batteries having independent connections through the armature of the electro-
magnetic device and the field magnet of a distributer motor, with antisparking
devices in shunts around the contacts of the relay and the electromagnetic device,
substantially as described.
19th. A distributer for use in synchronous multiplex telegraphy, or analogous
current distributing systems, consisting of a series of insulated contacting segments,
and two or more rotating brushes substantially as described.
20th. A distributer for use in synchronous duplex telegraphy, or analogous
electrical current distributing systems, consisting of a circular distributing systems,
consisting of a circular distributing ring, having insulated segments in a sector
thereof, the remaining portion being connected to line, in combination with two
or more distributing brushes, which bear successively on the unbroken portion of
the ring and the insulated segments, substantially as described.
21st. In a system of synchronous duplex telegraphy, a distributer ring connected
directly to the main line, in combination with a series of insulated contacting
segments occupying a part only of the distributor ring, and two or more brushes
adapted to connect the unbroken part of the ring with the segments in succession,
substantially as described.
22nd. A telegraphic receiving instrument, consisting of a main line relay, having
front and back contacts for its armature both electrically connected through a
local battery, an auxiliary relay and its own armature, in combination with a
sounder located in a local battery circuit including the armature and one contact
stop of the secondary relay, substantially as described.
23rd. A telegraphic receiving relay adapted to respond to rapidly recurring
impulses of electricity, in combination with an auxiliary relay connected through
a local circuit with the armature lever and front and back contact stops of the
first named relay and adapted to respond only on a definite cessation of the main
line impulses, substantially as described.
24th. A telegraphic receiving relay adapted to respond to rapidly recurring
impulses of electricity, and an auxiliary relay connected through a focal circuit
with the armature and front and back contact stops of the first namel relay,
and adapted to respond only on a definite cessation of the main line impulses, in
combination with a local sounder in a local circuit controlled by the auxiliary
relay, substantially as described.
25th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, the combination of the
following elements; two or more current distributers driven by electrical motors,
a pole changer for reversing a main line battery a secondary current generating
device, synchronising relays at each distributer and connections as described,
whereby current impulses differing in tension are sent continuously over the line,
the distributers synchronised and multiplex transmitting and receiving apparatus
adapted to send and receive independent or simultaneous signals substantially as
described.
26th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphic apparatus current dis-
tributers located in a single main line but connected directly thereto, synchronising
relays one for each distributer, located each in a shunt around the distributer, a
device located in the main line, having electrical connections for setting up two
sets of current impulses over the line, one of which controls the synchronising relays,
and the other the signals, electric driving motors, one for each distributer, controlled
by the synchronising relays, independent earth circuits for the signalling and
synchronising devices signalling and receiving instruments all connected and
adapted, substantially as described, for multiplex transmission of telegraphic
messages.

page_text: 27th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a main line joining two
or more multiplex distributers, an electrical generator located directly in the main
line, in combination with means for rapidly reversing the direction of the currents
generated and electrical connections at the distributers for causing said currents to
synchronise the distributers and the several signalling circuits substantially as
described.
28th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, two or more distributers,
a main line, a generator of electricity adapted to give rapidly recurring alternating
currents of electricity in combination with electrical connections at the distributers
whereby said currents are caused to synchronise the distributers and supply the
signalling circuits, substantially as described.
29th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, the combination of two
distributers connected to a common main line, including a generator of electricity
adapted to give alternate currents of electricity with electrical connections at each
distributer for causing said currents to synchronise the distributers and supply the
signalling instruments substantially as described.
30th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a single main line including
in its circuit two or more multiplex distributers and an alternating current generator
with electrical connections at the distributers for synchronising them and for
supplying the signalling instruments with the necessary signalling currents from the
aforesaid generator, substantially as described.
31st. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, two or more distributers
driven by electrical motors, in combination with a single alternate current generator
located directly in a main line which include the distributers and electricmagnetic
relays at each station, said magnetic relays being provided with local circuit con-
nections for synchronising the distributers, and the distributers having also local
circuit connections with multiplex signalling and receiving apparatus substantially as
described.
32nd. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a distributer driven by
an electric motor having its field permanently magnetized, in combination with a split
battery electrically connected at its middle to one of the armature bushes, and at its
ends through a vibrating relay armature to the other armature brush, with a main
line relay having local circuit connections for controlling the vibration of the aforesaid
armature, and a single source of alternating currents located in the main line, sub-
stantially as described.
33rd. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a main line including in
its circuit two or more multiplex distributers, an alternating current generator and
two or more synchronising relays, in combination with local circuit connections
between the synchronising relays and the distributers, whereby the currents generated
synchronize the distributers and supply the signalling instruments to multiplex
apparatus, substantially as described.
34th. The herein described method of supplying electrical currents for synchronous
multiplex signalling over a single main line, which consists in setting up rapidly
recurring currents of reversed polarity over a main line from a single main line
source of electrical energy and causing said currents to synchronize the apparatus
and supply the signalling instruments with the necessary currents, substantially as
described.
35th. The herein described method of supplying electrical currents for synchronising
multiplex signalling, consisting in setting up rapidly recurring currents of reversed
polarity from a single source of electrical energy over a main line, then dividing said
curents between two distinct circuits at the distributers located at outlying stations.
and using the portions of said divided currents for synchronising the distributers and
the other for signalling, substantially as described.
36th. The herein described method of utilizing electrical currents with synchronous
multiplex distributers, consisting in causing the incoming currents from a single main
line generator to pass successively through synchronising and receiving apparatus,
substantially as described.

page_text: 7th. In a system or
muren telegraphy, a distributer соплестец
through its trailer directly to the main line, in combination with a strut around
the distributer to earth, the alternate segments of the distributer being insulated
from each other, and the segments including the signalling apparatus whereby the
incoming currents are caused first to actuate the synchronising apparatus and then
to supply the signalling and receiving instruments substantially as described.
38th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy a distributer having its
trailer connected directly to the main line, in combination with a shunt from the
main line around the distributer to earth the operative segments of the distributer
being connected through local signalling and receiving apparatus to earth and
spaced by intervening insulated segments, whereby part of the incoming currents
are utilized for synchronising purposes and the remainder for signalling substantially
as described.
39th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy a distributer having its
trailer connected directly to the main line which includes a synchronising relay, in
combination with a shunt from the main line to earth around the distributer and
an electric motor for driving the trailer, said relay being provided with local circuit
connections through the motor for synchronising the trailer and the distributer,
having its alternate segments connected to earth through independent signalling
and receiving apparatus, the intervening or alternating segments being insulated
whereby incoming currents from an outlying electrical generator are caused to
actuate the synchronising and signalling apparatus successively, substantially as
described.
40th. In a synchronous multiplex telegraph a distributer located in a branch
between the main line and the earth, in combination with a shunt around the
distributer and a synchronising relay located directly in the main line whereby all
incoming currents pass directly through said relay before passing to either branch
substantially as described.
41st. The herein described method of operating synchronous multiplex telegraphic
apparatus, consisting in causing signalling and synchronising currents to traverse
a common main line, and synchronising relays located directly therein and then
utilizing said currents through independent branches from the main line for
synchronising and signalling respectively substantially as described.
42nd. The herein described method of synchronising distributers in a synchronous
multiplex telegraph, or analogous system consisting in maintaining independent field
circuits of the distributer motors constant, and in periodically reversing the armature
circuits of said motors at the same instant of time, substantially as described.
43rd. The herein described method of maintaining synchronism between two or
more electric motors having independent armature and field circuits, consisting in
maintaining the field circuits constant, and in periodically reversing the armature
circuits of all of the motors at the same instant of time, substantially as described.
44th. The herein described method of maintaining synchronism between two or
more electric motors having independent field and armature circuits consisting in
maintaining the field magnets and in causing rapidly recurring currents of reversed
polarity over a main line, joining the armature circuits to reverse the magnetic polarity
of the armatures simultaneously, substantially as described.
45th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, the combination of two
main lines, one of which includes two or more synchronising relays and an alternating
current generator and the other two or more distributors having independent local
earth circuit connections, and signalling batteries with transmitting and receiving
apparatus, substantially as described.
46th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a synchronising relay
included in a main line circuit with a single source of electrical energy in combina-
tion with a distributer included in a separate main line circuit with independent
signalling batteries, transmitters, and receivers; an electrical motor for propelling
the trailer of the distributer, the field magnet of the motor being energized by a
constant source of electrical energy, and its armature having electrical connections

page_text: with a split battery through the armature of a local relay controlled in turn by a local
battery connection through the main line relay substantially as described.
47th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a series of synchronising
relays included in a main line circuit with an alternating current generator, in combi-
nation with a series of distributers included in a second main line circuit, and electrical
connections between the relays and the distributers for regulating their synchronism
with signalling batteries, transmitters and receivers for the second main line circuit,
substantially as described.
48th. The herein described method of supplying electrical currents for synchronous
multiplex telegraphy, which consists in setting up rapidly recurring alternating
impulses from a single source of electrical energy over a main line, and causing said
impulses to synchronise distributers located in a second main line, and at the same
time setting up signalling currents through the second main line, substantially as
described.
49th. The herein described method of propelling the trailer of a distributer for a
synchronous multiplex system, consisting in successfully reversing the magnetic
condition of the motor armature which rotates said trailer in accordance with a
rapidly recurring series of impulses from a generator located in a separate controlling
circuit, and in maintaining the field circuit constant, substantially as described.
50th. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a main line including an
alternating current generator and polar relays; a second main line including current
distributers connected through independent local circuit batteries, signalling and
receiving instruments to earth, propelling electric motors for the trailers of the
distributers, local battery connections between the polar relays and the armatures of
the propelling motors for keeping them in synchronous, substantially as described.
51st. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a series of polar relays and
an alternating current source of electrical energy included in one main line; a
series of current distributers having their trailers included in a second main line, and
earth connections through independent batteries, transmitters and receivers, with
electric motors for propelling the trailers, having their field magnets constant and
their armatures connected through split batteries and local circuit connections with
the polar relays for keeping said trailers in synchronism substantially as described.
52nd. In a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, a series of synchronising
relays, two or more included in one main line, a second main line including a series
of distributers, two or more; electrical connections between each relay, and a vibrator
adapted to follow the vibrations of the relay armature, and electrical connections
between the armature of the vibrator and a motor which propels the distributer, in
combination with a source of alternating currents in the first named line, and
batterics, signalling and receiving instruments connected to the distributers and
through them to the second line, and signals transmitted and received over the
second, substantially as described.
53rd. In a synchronous multiplex telegraph, a synchronising relay included in
one main line with a source of alternating electrical currents; a distributer inclined
in a second main line having multiplex transmitters and receivers, in combination
with a vibrator having local circuit connections with the relay armature, and a split
battery connected at its middle to one brush of a motor which drives the trailer of
the distributer, and at its opposite ends to the armature of the vibrator and the
remaining brush of the motor, substantially as described.
54th. The herein described method of operating a system of synchronous multiplex
telegraphy, which consists in causing synchronising electrical currents to traverse a
single main line joining all the stations of the system, and the signalling electrical
currents to traverse independent lines joining the various stations direct,
substantially as described.
55th. The herein described method of operating a system of synchronous multiplex
telegraphy, consisting in causing rapidly recurring alternating electrical currents to
traverse a single main line circuit joining the several stations of the system, and the

page_text: big fanning electric Currents to traverse independent Times joining the stations in
pairs, substantially as described.
56th. The herein described method of operating a system of synchronous multiplex
telegraphy, which consists in causing the synchronising electrical currents to traverse
a single main line joining the several stations in series, and the signalling currents
to traverse independent lines joining the several stations in pairs, substantially as
described.
57th. A system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, consisting of a single main
line joining a series of independent stations, and including synchronising apparatus,
in combination with two or more independent signalling lines, one for each pair of
stations, and electrical connections between the synchronising apparatus of the first
line and the distributers of the signalling lines, whereby synchronism may be
maintained and signals sent between pairs of stations, substantially as described.
58th. A system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, consisting of a single main
line including an electrical generator and a series of synchronising relays, in combina-
tion with a series of signalling lines, one for each pair of synchronising relays, a pair
of distributers, and motors for each signalling line, with connections between the
synchronising relays and motors for keeping the several pairs of motors in
synchronism substantially as described..
59th. A system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy, consisting of a single main
line, including an alternating source of electricity and a series of synchronising
relays, in combination with a series of signalling lines one for each pair of
synchronising relays; a pair of distributors and electric motors for such signalling
line with independent multiplex sets of signalling and receiving apparatus for cach
signalling line and electrical connections between the synchronising relays and pairs
of distributers whereby synchronism is maintained and signals may be sent sub-
stantially as described.
59th. A distributer for a synchronous multiplex telegraph, consisting of a driven
shaft and two or more trailing arms connected to independent distributing circuits
substantially as described.
1
60th. A synchronous multiplex distributor consisting of a trailer shaft carrying
two or more distributer arms or trailers having electrical contact with independent
distributing segments, substantially as described.
G1st. A synchronous multiplex distributer having two or more trailers each resting
on an independent set of distributing segments substantially as described.
62nd. In a synchronous multiplex telegraph the combination of multiplex trans-
mitters connected to distributors and to a main line joining the distributers with an
alternating source of electricity located in the main line, and a receiving relay, one
for each transmitter, having a diaphragm armature with local circuit connections
substantially as described.
i
63rd. In a synchronous multiplex telegraph a receiving relay with a diaphragm
armature having local circuit connections with an auxiliary relay in combination
with a local sounder having local circuit connections with the auxiliary relay
substantially as described.
64th. A relay adapted to respond to rapidly recurring impulses of electricity and
having an armature sustained at radial points in combination with an auxiliary relay
including a local battery and the armature and back stop of the first named relay
and a local sounder including in its circuit a second local battery and the armature
and back stop of the auxiliary relay substantially as described.
Goth. In a synchronous multiplex telegraph system, a main line including a source
of rapidly recurring alternating impulses of electricity and a pair of distributers with
multiplex transmitters connected to the distributers and receiving relays one for
each transmitter having a diaphragm armature with local circuit connections through
an auxiliary relay, and a sounder one for each auxiliary relay having local circuit
connections therewith, substantially as described.
Goth. In a telegraph system a main line including an electrical generator which

page_text: more
sets up continuously rapidly recurring alternating impulses and one or
transmitters and receiving relays the receiving relays having diaphragm armatures
which are kept in continual vibration, in combination with an auxiliary relay for
each main line relay, and included in a local circuit with the diaphragm of the
main line relay and a local sounder included in a local circuit controlled by the
auxiliary relay, substantially as described.
67th. A main line including a source of electricity which continuously transmits
alternating currents over the line, with a transmitter and a receiving relay having a
diaphragm armature continuously vibrating in combination with an auxiliary relay
included in a local circuit with the diaphragm armature and one contact stop
and a local sounder controlled by the auxiliary relay, substantially as described.
68th. A main line including an electrical generator which continuously sets up
currents of alternate polarity over the line and a relay having a reed or ribbon
armature kept continuously vibrating in combination with an auxiliary relay included
in a local circuit with the reed or ribbon armature and a local sounder included in a
second local circuit with the armature of the auxiliary relay substantially as
described.
69th. In a synchronous multiplex telegraph a pair of distributers connected by a
main line including an electrical generator adapted to set up constantly over the
line alternating currents a series of transmitters connected to the distributer circuits
and a series of receiving relays one for each transmitter said relays having reed
armatures and local circuit connections substantially as described.
70th. In a synchronous multiplex telegraph a pair of distributers connected by a
single main line which includes in its circuit a main line electrical generator adapted
to set up continuously rapidly recurring alternating electrical currents, multiplex
transmitters and receivers connected to the distributers the receivers having reed
armatures, substantially as described.
71st. In a synchronous multiplex telegraph, a main line connected to a pair of
distributers including in its circuit a main line battery having a continuously acting
pole changer which rapidly reverses the direction of the battery current over the
line, in combination with a series of transmitters for each distributer, and similar
series of receiving relays said relays having reed armatures fixed at their opposite
ends, and secondary relays with local sounders and circuit connections substantially
as described.
72nd. A receiving relay having a reed armature secured at both ends in com-
bination with an auxiliary relay and a local sounder having local circuit connections
substantially as described.
73rd. A receiving relay having a reed armature fixed at one end and adjustably
secured at the other, in combination with an auxiliary relay having local circuit
connections with the first named relay and a local sounder having additional local
circuit, connections with the auxiliary relay, substantially as described.
74th. A distributer for use with synchronous multiplex electrical systems of
distribution consisting of a series of vertically arranged distributing segments and a
contacting trailer brush therefor connected to a rotary shaft, substantially as
described.
75th. A distributer for synchronous multiplex apparatus having its distributing
segments parallel to the shaft which carries the trailer brush, substantially as
described.
76th. A distributer for synchronous multiplex apparatus or analogous systems con-
sisting of a series of distributing segments arranged parallel with the shaft carrying
the trailer brush, which brush as it rotates makes contact with the interior faces of
said segments substantially as described.
77th. In a distributer for synchronous multiplex telegraphs analogous apparatus a
series of distributing segments arranged in cylindrical form around a rotary axis
carrying a brush which bears against the inner faces of the segments, substantially
as described.
78th. A distributer for synchronous multiplex telegraphs or analogous apparatus

page_text: consisting of a series of conducting segments secured at one end only to a supporting
frame, the free ends forming the surface on which the distributing trailer rides,
substantially as described.
79th. A distributer, consisting of a cylindrical supporting frame having distributing
segments arranged around its outer face, in combination with a rotary shaft carrying
a trailer brush contacting with the inner faces of the distributing segments,
substantially as described.
80th. In a synchronous multiplex distributer, a series of distributing segments
supported on the surface of a cylindrical frame, in combination with a trailer brush
bearing against their free or unsupported ends substantially as described.
81st. In a synchronous multiplex distributer, a rotary shaft carrying a trailer brush
which bears as it rotates against the distributer segments in a radial line whereby
increased speed insures increased contact, substantially as described.
Dated this Gih day of March 1890.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.