An Improved Radiator for Heating Buildings and Structures.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 27th July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 18th Apr., 1894-Accepted, 23rd June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Radiator for Heating Buildings and Structures.
I, FREDERICK HAWKINS, 6 Crosby Road, Romford Road, Stratford, in the
County of Essex, Telegraph Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved construction of radiator for heating
buildings and structures.
My said improved radiator is constructed of thin sheet metal and is adapted for
the circulation therethrough of water or other suitable heating liquid.
According to one form of my invention I provide two metal cylinders of the
same length approximately, one however being larger in diameter than the other.
The smaller of the two cylinders is placed inside the larger of the same and coaxial
therewith so that an annular space is left between the peripheries of the cylinders.
This space is closed in at the ends by annular boxes of suitable cross-sectional
area which are secured to said cylinders and serve to maintain the same in their.
proper relative positions. The said boxes may be made of metal similar to that
used for the aforesaid cylinders and they are furnished with suitable entry and
delivery pipes for the admission of liquid. That side of each box which closes the
annular space between the cylinders is pierced with a number of holes so that
communication is opened between the annular boxes through the space between
the cylinders. I prefer that the total area of the holes in the side of each of the
boxes shall be equal to the cross-sectional area of the entry or exit pipe fitted to
the same.
I generally make said holes of equal size and equally spaced all round the
cylinders.
When in use, the apparatus is placed with the axis of the cylinders vertical and
heated liquid, preferably water, is passed into one of the boxes through the entry
pipe. The liquid passes through the annular space between the cylinders and into
the other box and thence is carried away by the delivery pipe. The air surrounding
the radiator is thereby heated considerably and moreover by reason of the shape
of the apparatus a continuous stream of air is caused to pass up through the small
cylinder and out at the top, being heated in transit.
.
Instead of using two metal cylinders for connecting the annular boxes and
circulating the hot liquid through the annular space between said cylinders I some-
times use a series of suitable metal pipes placed parallel to each other and
connected to the annular boxes at the top and bottom.
The water or other liquid which circulates through the apparatus may be heated
in a boiler of any suitable design. Said boiler is connected to the radiator by
means of flexible or other tubing in such a manner as to produce the desired
circulation.
Dated this 27th day of July 1002

page_text: An Improved Radiator for Heating Buildings and Structures.
I, FREDERICK HAWKINS, of 6 Crosby Road, Romford Road, Stratford in the
County of Essex, Telegraph Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to apparatus for heating rooms, offices and structures. My
said improved apparatus is constructed of thin sheet copper or other suitable metal
and is adapted to ensure a very even and perfect circulation therethrough of the
hot water or other heating liquid. The liquid may be heated by means of an oil
lamp or by a gas burner, in either case the combustion being very perfect; no
chimney is used.
My said invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a vertical central section of the apparatus.
Figure 2 is a section on the line ax of Figure 1, showing the central portion only
of the apparatus.
Figure 3 is a plan of Figure 2 with the cover, and deflector removed.
Figure 4 is a plan of the upper junction between the radiator proper and the
central heating tube. The lower junction between said parts is precisely similar.
Figure 5 is a section through the lamp or heating chamber.
Figure 6 is a plan view of the support for the lamp or burner.
-The radiator comprises an outer cylinder A made of very thin-metal-and-an-
inner co-axial cylinder B of smaller diameter. These cylinders are of equal
length and are connected at their ends to annular or circular boxes C, D. The
annular space between the cylinders A, B is placed in communication with the
interior of the boxes C, D by a number of small holes C¹, D' of uniform size and
evenly spaced around the boxes. The holes C¹ in the lower box are slightly larger.
than those in the upper box. The holes in each box have a combined sectional
area preferably not less than the sectional area of the radial pipes G, H respectively
hereinafter referred to. Arranged co-axially with the cylinders A, B are two
tubes E, F the latter being smaller in diameter than the former and connected
therewith at its ends to form a closed annular space between the tubes. The inner
tube F has preferably a contracted part such as F' about two-thirds of the length
of the tube from the bottom.. F' is a sight hole in the tubes E, F formed by a
tube soldered in place and having a mica removable cap to exclude air. A similar
sighting hole is formed in the cylinders A, B opposite the hole F' but without mica
cap. The tube E is connected at top and bottom with the boxes D and C
respectively by radial pipes G, H, the sectional area of each of which is less than
that of the corresponding boxes.
The whole apparatus rests upon a ring secured to the upper end of an upright
frame around which is placed a perforated sheet metal case J which forms a lamp
chamber. Said case is provided with doors J3 for allowing access to the interior.
K is a lamp for heating and circulating the water in the radiator. The lamp is
supported upon a movable platform L which can be raised to pass the flame of
the lamp into the interior of the tube F and can be lowered to allow of removing
the lamp for trimming or for other purpose. L', L' are fixed guide rods which
pass through holes in the platform L and which serve to guide the platform when
the latter moves up and down. The weight of the lamp and platform are counter-
balanced by weights M, M connected thereto by flexible wires M', M' which pass
over pulleys M2M carried by brackets M³, M. When the apparatus is at work,
the part K of the lamp is within the lower end of the tube F which it fits, and is

page_text: further furnished with an asbestos washer to ensure that all air passing to the flame
can only do so by the usual channel provided in lamps burning petroleum. L' is a
switch adapted to engage the head of a stud L when the platform L is lowered,
and which then holds the platform down to allow of removing and trimming the
lamp. The products of combustion from the lamp passing up the tube F heat the
water in the annular space between the tubes E and F and set it circulating.
The water rises in the tube E and passes along the two radial branch pipes G, G into
the top box D, whence it passes through the small holes D' into the annular space
between the cylinders A, B, thence through the small holes C¹ into the bottom
box C and finally inwards along the radial tubes H, HI and back to the tube E.
cover O
For filling the radiator and for maintaining it quite full I provide an annular
receptacle or tank N placed above and resting on the top of the tubes E, F and
communicating with the tubes G, G through the screw socket connections N'
A good joint is made at each connection N' by a rubber or other suitable jointing
ring to prevent leakage. N³, N³ are removable caps in line with the connections Ni
to allow of charging the tank N with liquid and to admit of screwing up the said
connections N¹, N. The inner wall N of the tank extends downwards as shown
to form a smoke box and is cut away at N', see Figure 2, to straddle the pipes G.
It is provided with division plates No which form two side compartments that are
closed at the bottom. The wall N₁ of each of said side compartments is pierced
with a number of small holes P. The said wall N is provided with a
that carries a deflector Q by means of which the hot gases rising up the tube F
are deflected downwards and caused to pass out through the small holes P and
finally rise and escape through a perforated conical cover R, Figure 1. The main
object of the deflector Q is to prevent the water in the tank N from becoming
overheated and evaporating too rapidly. It, however, allows of sufficient heat
passing up to the tank to generate vapour slowly. A number of small holes N
are provided in the inner wall N of the tank just above the water level to allow
the vapour formed in the tank to escape and mix with the hot gases rising from
the lump. The vapour moistens the escaping gases and neutralizes any obnoxious
fumes if there be any.
S is a washer which rests upon a brass ring S₁ carried by,
and rivetted to, the plate resting on the upper end of the tube F to determine the
size of the outlet for the gases. This washer is removable and may be replaced
by other washers having openings of different sizes by which means the draught
may be regulated as desired.
In lieu of the oil lamp K an ordinary gas burner may be used.
The cylinders A, B present a very large radiating surface and their shape
aided by the currents from the lamp or burner induces an upward current of air
thus rapidly heating all the air in the room.
My improved construction of radiator ensures a more rapid circulation of the
water than is attainable in other forms of radiator, and secures greater uniformity
of temperature throughout the apparatus.
In lieu of the cylinders A, B having an annular space between them I may use
a series of pipes arranged in a circle, or in a parallel form and connecting the
boxes C, D which may be circular or of other shape, one hole being provided in
the boxes C, D for each pipe.
Except where otherwise stated above, the various parts are secured together by
good solder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In hot water or like heating apparatus upper and lower boxes or chambers
connected by concentric cylinders and having a set of holes in each box for the
passage of the water, the holes in that box through which the hot water enters
last being preferably slightly larger than those in the other box, substantially as
described, for the purpose specified.

page_text: 2. The combination with the apparatus referred to in the first claiming clause
of the means for moistening the hot gases and neutralizing obnoxious fumes,
substantially as described.
3. The apparatus substantially as described with reference to the drawings, and
operating as, and for the purposes, specified.
4. The modification of my invention wherein I use pipes in lieu of the
cylinders A, B.
Dated this 18th day of April 1894.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.