Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling and Condensing Purposes.
Year: 1886

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 20th day of February 1889, Amended undèr
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire.]
Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling and Condensing Purposes.
I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
This invention refers to improvements in apparatus for carrying out the process of
cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, which process consists as follows, that is to say,
the specific temperature of the condensing or cooling liquid is not made use of, but a
given quantity of cold, warm, or even hot, liquid is merely used as a medium in order
to withdraw the cold from the air or atmosphere by continuously renewed contact
therewith, the given quantity of the medium liquid being maintained by the addition
of such a percentage, as is lost by evaporation. The quantity of liquid used in this
process is reduced to a minimum, it having been ascertained, by repeated trials, that
only about eleven litres (equal to eleven kilogrammes) of water are necessary for
condensing about 3 kilogrammes of steam in this improved process, whereas according
to the well known injecting process, about 18 litres of water are used to condense one
kilogramme of steam.
The apparatus used for working this process may be constructed of an open vessel;
filled up with the condensing liquid, into which vessel a hollow body or bodies is or
are inserted, receiving through a properly arranged inlet the steam or gas to be con-
densed, or the liquid to be cooled.
In the vessel is a series of rotating discs or other lifting devices arranged adjacent
to the hollow bodies, which discs or other devices serving, as they rotate, to lift the
liquid constantly into the air, thereby cooling the liquid and rapidly extracting the
heat from the contents of the hollow bodies. This heat extracting process may be
intensified by an artificial air draft, directed through that part of the discs or lifting
devices which traverses the air; for which purpose the discs may be perforated.

page_text: The same purpose of extracting heat may be attained by imparting motion to the
hollow bodies which receive the gas to be condensed, or the liquid to be cooled. In
this instance, the hollow bodies are, by suitable mechanism, consecutively lifted out of
the vessel containing the cooling liquid, and again dipped into it, or the hollow bodies
may be arranged upon a revolving shaft so as to dip partly into the cooling liquid
contained in the vessel; or the hollow bodies may be fixed, while the vessel containing
the cooling liquid may be made to ascend and descend; the main object in all these
cases being to rapidly extract the heat from the liquid to be cooled, or the gases to be
condensed.
Or a second vessel may be employed, arranged by the side of, or above or below the
vessel containing the hollow bodies, and in this second vessel the rotating discs or
lifting devices may be arranged, the two vessels being combined in any suitable manner
by pipes, with or without pumps for raising the cooling liquid, so that the cooling fluid
is exposed to the air in the second vessel, returning cooled down to the first vessel,
and so circulating for the purpose set forth.
Or the hollow bodies may be arranged without any surrounding vessel, but in com-
bination with the second vessel containing the rotary discs or lifting devices, the
hollow bodies being, in this instance, provided with suitable gutters to collect the
cooling liquid as it flows down over the surface of the cooling apparatus, from which
gutters the liquid is returned to the second vessel by the pump, to be itself cooled
down.
The hollow bodies may be made of corrugated or plain plates, sheets, or tubes; but
the corrugated form is preferred for the more energetic action of the cooling liquid,
and for the increased surface of contact, the corrugations insuring the liquid being
cooled, or the gas being condensed, repeatedly striking the inside of the hollow bodies.
The same effect may also be produced by providing the inside of the hollow bodies
with ribs or partition walls or directing screens, or providing the hollow bodies,
whether made in prismatic form or in tube-like form, with inner and outer ribs, or
making the hollow bodies of two pipes, placed concentrically one within the other, for
forming an annular passage for the steam to be condensed. Or the cooling liquid
may be cooled down (1) by being allowed to fall in fine streams through the air from
one vessel to the other; or (2) by injecting cool air into it; or (3) by projecting the
liquid into the air, and allowing it to fall in the form of spray; or (4) by allowing it
to fall on perforated, ribbed, or corrugated plates.
It may be here remarked that the arrangement and construction of the bodies or
pipes may be varied in many ways to ensure the transmission of heat into the
surrounding liquid in the most effectual way.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling and Condensing Purposes.
I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention refers to improvements in apparatus for carrying out a process
of cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, which process consists as follows: In the
condensing process, the specific temperature of the condensing or cooling liquid is not
made use of, but unimportant, as a given quantity of cold, warm, or even hot liquid is
merely may be used as a cooling medium, in order to such medium withdrawing the
cold from the air or atmosphere by continuously renewed contact therewith, the given
quantity of the medium liquid being maintained by the addition of only such a per-
centage as will be lost by evaporation. The quantity of the liquid used in this process
is reduced to a minimum, it having been ascertained by repented trials that only about
eleven-litres-(equal to eleven kilogrammes) of water are necessary for condensing
about three kilogrammes of steam in this improved process, whereas according to
the well known injecting process, about 18 litres of water are used to condense-one
kilogramme of steam. The apparatus used for working this process may he constructed
of an open vessel filled up with the condensing liquid, into which vessel a hollow body
or bodies is or are inserted, receiving through a properly arranged inlet the steam or
gas to be condensed, or the liquid to be cooled. In the vessel is a series of rotating
discs or other "lifting devices," arranged adjacent to the hollow bodies, which discs or
other devices serve, as they rotate, to lift the condensing liquid constantly into the air,
thereby cooling the liquid, and rapidly extracting the heat from the contents of the
hollow bodies. This heat-extracting process may be intensified by an artificial air
draft directed through that part of the disc or lifting devices which traverses the air,
for which purpose the discs may be perforated, or may be made of suitable material to
permit of the air passing through.
The same purpose of extracting heat may be attained by imparting motion to
the hollow bodies which receive the gas to-be-condensed or the liquid to be cooled.
In this instance, the hollow bodies are, by suitable mechanism, conseentively lifted out
of the vessel containing the cooling liquid, and again dipped into it; or the hollow
bodies may be arranged upon a rotary shaft, so as to dip partly into the ecoling liquid
contained in the vessel; or the hollow bodies may be fixed, while the vessel containing
the cooling liquid may be made to ascend and descend; the main object in all these
enses being to rapilly extract the heat from the liquid to be cooled, or the gases to be
condensed; or employing a second vessel may be employed arranged by the side
of, or above or below the vessel containing the hollow bodies, and in this second
vessel the rotating discs or lifting devices may be arranged, the two vessels being
combined in any suitable manner by pipes, with or without pumps for ruising
the cooling liquid, so that the cooling liquid is exposed to the air in the second
vessel, returning cooled down to the first vessel, and so circulating for the purpose set
forth.
Or the hollow bodies may be arranged without any surrounding vessel, but in

page_text: combination with the second vessel containing the rotary dices or lifting devices, the
hollow bodies being in this instance provided with suitable gutters to collect the
cooling liquid as it flows down over the surface of the cooling apparatus, from which
gutters the liquid is returned to the second vessel by the pump to be used-again for
cooling-down.
The hollow bodies may he made of corrugated or plain plates, sheets or tubes; but
the corrugated form is preferred for the more energetic action of the cooling liquid,
and for the increased surface of contact, the corrugations ensuring that the liquid
being cooled, or the gas being condensed, repeatedly strikes the inside of the hollow
bodies. The same effect may also he produced by providing the inside of the hollow
bodies with ribs or partition walls, or directing screens, or providing the hollow bodies,
-whether made in prismatic form or in tube-like form, with inner and outer ribs, er
making the hollow bodies of two-pipes-placed concentrically one within the other,
for forming an annular passage for the steam to be condensed.
It may be here remarked that the arrangements and the construction of the bodies
or pipes may be varied in many ways, to ensure the transmission of heat into the
surrounding liquid in the most effectual way.
In the annexed drawings, several modes are shown of constructing the apparatus
for the purpose in view. Fig. 1 shews in cross section, Fig. 2 in longitudinal section,
and Fig. 3 in horizontal section a simple form of apparatus. a is a vessel in which a
series of hollow bodies made of corrugated plates or sheets, i, are placed, these hollow
bodies forming serpentine passages in the vessel a. On a rotating shaft ba number of
dises are mounted in sets of two, three, or more, on both sides of said hollow bodies i.
The discs may be flat or corrugated, or may be provided with cups or gutters, or
any suitable devices for lifting the liquid from the vessel a into the air. The steam to
be condensed, or the liquid to be cooled, is admitted to the hollow bodies at e, Figs. 2
and 3, and the exit takes place at d. The corrugations in the sides of the hollow
bodies being placed vertically, the gas to be condensed or the liquid to be cooled, will,
within the narrow limits of i, strike against such corrugations, which, while presenting
a larger surface to the condensing or cooling action of the surrounding liquid, also
serve to arrest the flow of the gas or liquid being cooled in the passages. The vessel
a is open at top, and an artificial current of air may be directed over it to increase the
cooling tendency of the lifted streams of water.
The hollow bodies may extend downwards to the bottom of vessel a, and by pro-
viding holes or apertures in said hottom, which may be covered by suitable fids,
facilities are afforded to clean the inside of the said hollow bodies by means of brushes.
This may be still more facilitated by arranging holes or apertures covered by lids on
the top of the hollow bodies.
In Fig. 4 the hollow bodies i consist of pipes, which may be placed in a
horizontal position in vessel a separately, or in a serpentine form of a serpentine:
in the latter case, the bodies may be connected directly to the inlet e and outlet d,
as shown.
i
Fig. 5 shows an apparatus in cross section, in which, between the hollow bodies i
bars or plates e are provided, either plain or corrugated, or provided with horizontal
projections of any suitable shape, which plates or bars are supported from, and moved
up and down by a crank shaft, so as to expose the liquid in a consecutive change to
the cooling action of the air.
Figures 6 and 7 show an apparatus in cross section and longitudinal section, in
which the lifting devices or rotating dises are replaced by the hollow bodies i, the
letter being made to be moved up and down by the crank shaft from the liquid into
the air and vice verse. In this case, the admittance into the hollow bodies is made
by a flexible pipe c, while the exit from these bodies is made by pipes d, which are
arranged to work through stuffing boxes or similar devices in the bottom of vessel a
If considered desirable, air from inside the bodies i may be drawn by a pipe -g
arranged in a similar manner to the pipes d:
In Fig. &, the hollow body-i-is mounted on a hollow rotary shaft-*, the body partly
dipping into the liquid in vessel a. The shaft b' is made hollow for the entrance of

page_text: gus or liquid at c; the cooled down liquid or condensed gas evening at-i", and through
pipe -out of the other end of hollow shaft b'. At this end of hollow shaft b', air
from inside the hollow vessel may be withdrawn.
In Fig. 9, the apparatus is arranged in such a manner that the hollow bodies-i-are
stationary, whereas the vessel a with its liquid is lowered and raised by means of the
erank shaft, so that the hollow bodies, while the vessel a is lowered, are met by the
air. The entrance into the hollow bodies is effected by a fixed pipe c, whereas
the outlet of products of condensing or cooling from the bodies i is effected by pipes-d
in the manner as explained with reference to Figures 6 and 7.
Figures 6 and 7 show in plan and cross section an arrangement of apparatus in
which a second vessel a is shewn in connection with vessel a; the vessel a contains
the cooling liquid and dises or lifting devices s' only, and the vessel a the hollow
bodies i. The two vessels a and al are connected by gutters or pipes in such a
manner that the condensing liquid warmed or heated in a, is caused to circulate by h
into a', the liquid cooled down in a' by contact with the air returns by h¹ into a, as
indicated by arrows in the plan Fig. 196. The connection between the two vessels u
and a' may be made, by horizontal pipes has indicated in fig. 128, instead of by
open gutters h², fig. 7, in which case, screws may be employed to agitate the
water, and cause it to circulate in the desired direction.
Fig. 13 indicates an arrangement in which the two separated vessels a'u are situated
one-above the other, the cooling liquid coming from-a-through-pipes-k, and having
done its effect in a, is raised in a somewhat warm or heated state by rotary or other
m-into vessel-a':
Fig. 11 is the reverse of fig. 13, inasmuch as the vessel a' is situated below, and
the vessel a with the hollow bodies-above, both-vessels being shown as provided with
lifting devices instead of dises. But it will be evident that the-dises alone, or the
lifting devices und-dise-combined. may be used if desired. The heated fluid in a will
run down by pipe /, and after cooling in a', will be raised again by pump in into-a.
In the apparatus-shown in fig. 1o, the hollow bodies-i-are used without surrounding
vessel a; the hollow bodies being placed side by side, and the vessel u'-with-rotating
dises on top thereof, so that after the eseling liquid has been cooled-in-a', it is dis
tributed by spont-k-into-gutters-n, from whence it runs over the surface of the hollow
bodies to collecting gutters o-at-bottom, and is returned to aby pamp-m. When this
apparatus (fig. 1a) is intended as a condensing apparatus, the gas or steam is admitted
by pipe c, and the product of condensation drawn off by pipe-d, as indicated by the
arrow. By a slight modification, this apparatus may be converted into a cooling
apparatus, as shown in fig. 16, inasmuch as the liquid to be cooled, may be conducted
by pipe c', and distributed in gutters n, from whenee it will flow-over the surface of
the hollow bodies i, and having been collected by gutters o, is led away by d', whereas
the cooling liquid, coming cooled down from the vessel a'-(provided with dise or lifting
devices) through pipe-k, is forced by pump-m through the hollow bodies i and pipe-1.
back into vessel-a':
Fig. 17 shows a modification of the arrangement shown at fig. 13. The circulation
of the cooling water or liquid is the same, only the dises or lifting devices being
removed from vessel a, which contains hollow bodies-i-only, such dises or lifting
devices are applied only for escling purposes in vessel-a'.
Fig. 18 and 10 show an arrangement of the apparatus, in which the circulation of
the cooling liquid is effected without pumps or other foreing device. The liquid, after
having been cooled down in a' by the dises, is taken off by the pipe k, into vessel a
whereas the liquid heated in a will, by its lighter weight, rise by pressure exerted by
the water rushing in, through-k, up the pipe / to a'. To cause this automatic circula-
tion of the liquid, the vessel a must be closed at top, allowing apertures only for the
inlet and outlet pipes-k-and-l
In Figures 20 to 24, a modification is shewn of the apparatus heretofore described,
which modification consists in dispensing with the dises or lifting devices no need for
exposing the cooling liquid. This exposure of the liquid is caused by allowing the
liquid to run down a certain height through the air, during which period the eling

page_text: Action-at-theor will
wn such liquid. And in another modification, the liquid is
exposed to the air in form of rising jets, or the air may be pressed through the liquid.
Figs. 20 und 21 are longitudinal section and cross-section of an apparatus in which
we find the vessel a containing the hollow bodies i, and the vessel a situated above.
The liquid, mised in temperature by the contents of hollow bodies i, is drawn by
pump m, and forced through ripe-l-into-a', from which the liquid either runs down in
the form of rain by free-fall-(fig. 20, and left hand side of fig. 21), or its free fall is
interrupted by fut ribbed or corrugated plates 7-(see right hand side of Fig. 21).
which may be made adjustable. In these enses, it may be found advantageous, to close
up two sides of the space between a-and-a', so us to ensure a current of air passing
through the fulling liquid. The fixed or adjustable plates may be replaced by vertient
bars, fitted with horizontal plates, eups, or other devices-t, fig. ", which, in the same
manner as plates, fig. 21, increase the exposure of liquid to the cooling netion of air.
Again, in fig. 3, horizontul plates, either perforated or with openings at opposite
sides, may serve for the same purpose. In Fig. 21. the second vessel-a-is-dispensed
with, and the cooling of the liquid is either effected by foreing air, by means of a
Hum-m, into the liquid through the perforated pipe / situated below the level of the
liquid in vessel a, or by pumping the heated-liquid through 1, which is provided with
a properly shaped month piece, so that the water is driven into the air, either in single
jets or in fine streams. In both cases, the air will part with the coldness, and cool
down the liquid by its cooling influence upon the contents of hollow bodies i
It will be noticed that in most of the apparatus described above, the flow of the
liquids or fluids to be cooled. or condensed is at right angles to the corrugations in the
walls of the bodies i, as exemplified in Figures 1, 2, and 3, but that the How-may also
be-in-a-direction parallel with the corrugations: as exemplified in Figures 01, 20,
and 21.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1st. The use of apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, constructed,
arranged and operating substantially as herein described and shown in the drawings,
consisting essentially of one or more vessels to contain the cooling liquid or medium,
one or more passages or hollow bodies to receive the liquid or fluid to be cooled or
condensed, and one or more "
lifting devices or their equivalents for re-cooling
the cooling liquid or medium, as and for the purpose set forth.
2nd. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the use in combina-
tion of a vessel or vessels to contain the cooling medium, one or more passages or
hollow bodies to receive the liquid or fluid to be cooled or condensed, and rotating
lifting discs or devices substantially as herein shown and described with reference to
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 10, 6, 7 and 8 of the drawings.
3rd. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of one
or more vessels to contain the cooling medium, one or more passages or hollow bodies
to receive the liquid or fluid to be cooled or condensed, and reciprocating lifting
devices substantially as described and shown with reference to Figs. 5 and 14 of the
drawings.
4th. To apparatus for eeeling or condensing liquids or flnids, the combination of a
vessel to contain the cooling liquid or medium, with passages or hollow bodies to
receive the liquid or fluid to be cooled or condensed, said passages or hollow bodies
serving also as the lifting devices substantially as herein shown and described with
reference to Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the drawings.
6th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of
two vessels arranged side by side, and provided with hollow bodies and lifting dises or
devices, with a channel or channels connecting the two vessels, substantially us herein
shown-and-described with reference to Figs. 10, 11 and 12 of the drawings.
6th. In-apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, two vessels arranged
one above the other, one provided with passages or hollow bodies to receive the liquid

page_text: or fluid to be cooled or condensed, and with or without lifting dises or devices, and
the other in some ences provided with lifting dises or devices only, in combination
with a force pump or other means for ruising the cooling medium from one vessel to
the other, substantially as herein shown and described with reference to Figs. 13, 14,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 2t.
th. In-apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or Auids, the combination of
hollow body or bodies to receive either internally or externally the liquid or fluid to
he cooled or condensed, a vessel provided with lifting-dises or devices, and a force
pump or other means for raising the cooling medium from a lower or higher-level,
substantially us herein shown and described with reference to Figs. 15 and 16 of the
drawings.
Sth. In-apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of a
elosed vessel to contain the cooling liquid or medium, and provided with passages or
hollow bodies to receive the liquid or fluid to be cooled, with a second vessel arranged
above the first, and provided with lifting dises or devices, the How of the cooling
liquid or medium taking place by natural circulation, n'stantially as shown and
described with reference to Figs. 18 and 10 of the drawings.
9th. To apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or quits, the combination of a
vessel provided with p
passages or hollow bodies, a force pump or equivalent means, and
n-second vessel from which the cooling medium is allowed to full in fine streams,
substantially as herein shown and described with reference to Fig. 20 of the
drawing.
10th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of a
vessel provided with passages of hollow bodies, a force pump or equivalent apparatus,
a second vessel arranged above the first, and means for breaking up the streams of
cooling medium falling from the second vessel, substantially as herein shown and
described with reference to Figs. 21, 22 and 23 of the drawings, and for the purpose
set forth.
11th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of a
vessel provided with passages or hollow bodies, and means for projecting the cooling
medium into the air, substantially as herein shown and described, with reference to
Fig. 24 of the drawings, and for the purpose set forth.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Mar., 1886.
Complete Left, 1st Dec., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 5th Jan., 1887.
Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling and Condensing Purposes.
I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention refors to improvements in apparatus for carrying out the process of
cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, which process consists as follows, that is to say,
the specific temperature of the condensing or cooling liquid is not made use of, but a
given quantity of cold, warm, or even hot liquid is merely used as a medium in order
to withdraw the cold from the air or atmosphere by continuously renewed contact
therewith, the given quantity of the medium liquid being maintained by the addition
of such a percentage, as is lost by evaporation. The quantity of liquid used in this
process is reduced to a minimum, it having been ascertained, by repeated trials, that
only about eleven litres (equal to eleven kilogrammes) of water are necessary for
condensing about 3 kilogrammes of steam in this improved process, whereas according
to the well known injecting process, about 18 litres of water are used to condense one
kilogramme of steun.
The apparatus used for working this process may be constructed of an open vessel,
filled up with the condensing liquid, into which vessel a hollow body or bodies is or
are inserted, receiving through a properly arranged inlet the steam or gas to be con-
densed, or the liquid to be cooled.
In the vessel is a series of rotating discs or other lifting devices arranged adjacent
to the hollow bodies, which discs or other devices serving, as they rotate, to lift the
liquid constantly into the air, thereby cooling the liquid and rapidly extracting the
heat from the contents of the hollow bodies. This heat extracting process may be
intensified by an artificial air draft, directed through that part of the discs or lifting
devices which traverses the air, for which purpose the discs may be perforated.

page_text: The same purpose of extracting heat may he attained by imparting motion to the
hollow bodies which receive the gas to be condensed, or the liquid to be cooled. In
this instance, the hollow bodies are, by suitable mechanism, consecutively lifted out of
the vessel containing the cooling liquid, and again dipped into it, or the hollow bodies
may be arranged upon a revolving shaft so as to dip partly into the cooling liquid
contained in the vessel; or the hollow bodies may be fixed, while the vessel containing
the cooling liquid may be made to ascend and descend; the main object in all these
cases being to rapidly extract the heat from the liquid to be cooled, or the gases to be
condensed.
Or a second vessel may be employed, arranged by the side of, or above or below the
vessel containing the hollow bodies, and in this second vessel the rotating discs or
lifting devices may be arranged, the two vessels being combined in any suitable manner
by pipes, with or without pumps for raising the cooling liquid, so that the cooling fluid
is exposed to the air in the second vessel, returning cooled down to the first vessel,
and so circulating for the purpose set forth.
Or the hollow bodies may be arranged without any surrounding vessel, but in com-
bination with the second vessel containing the rotary discs or lifting devices, the
hollow bodies being, in this instance, provided with suitable gutters to collect the
cooling liquid as it flows down over the surface of the cooling apparatus, from which
gutters the liquid is returned to the second vessel by the pump, to be itself cooled
down.
The hollow bodies may be made of corrugated or plain plates, shoots, or tubes; but
the corrugated form is preferred for the more energetic action of the cooling liquid,
and for the increased surface of contact, the corrugations ensuring the liquid being
cooled, or the gas being condensed, repeatedly striking the inside of the hollow bodies.
The same effect may also be produced by providing the inside of the hollow bodies
with ribs or partition walls or directing screens, or providing the hollow bodies,
whether made in prismatic form or in tube-like form, with inner and outer ribs, or
making the hollow bodies of two pipes, placed concentrically one within the other, for
forming an annular passage for the steam to be condensed. Or the cooling liquid
may be cooled down (1) by being allowed to fall in fine streams through the air from
one vessel to the other; or (2) by injecting cool air into it; or (3) by projecting the
liquid into the air, and allowing it to fall in the form of spray; or (4) by allowing it
to fall on perforated, ribbed, or corrugated plates.
It may be here remarked that the arrangement and construction of the bodies or
pipes may be varied in many ways to ensure the transmission of heat into the
surrounding liquid in the most effectual way.
NEWTON & SUN,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling and Condensing Purposes.
I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention refers to improvements in apparatus for carrying out a process
of cooling or condensing liquids or fluids which consists as follows:-In the con-
densing process, the specific temperature of the condensing or cooling liquid is not
made use of, but a given quantity of cold, warm, or even hot liquid is merely used as
a medium, in order to withdraw the cold from the air or atmosphere by continously
renewed contact therewith, the given quantity of the medium liquid being maintained
by the addition of only such a percentage as will be lost by evaporation. The
quantity of the liquid used in this process is reduced to a minimum, it having been
ascertained by repeated trials that only about eleven litres (equal to eleven kilo-
grammes) of water are necessary for condensing about three kilogrammes of steam in
this improved process, whereas according to the well known injecting process, about
18 litres of water are used to condense one kilogramme of steam. The apparatus used
for working this process may be constructed of an open vessel filled up with the
condensing liquid, into which vessel a hollow body or bodies is or are inserted,
receiving through a properly arranged inlet the steam or gas to be condensed, or the
liquid to be cooled. In the vessel is a series of rotating discs or other "lifting
devices," arranged adjacent to the hollow bodies, which dises or other devices serve,
as they rotate, to lift the liquid constantly into the air, thereby cooling the liquid,
and rapidly extracting the heat from the contents of the hollow bodies. This heat-
extracting process may be intensified by an artificial air draft directed through that
part of the dise or lifting devices which traverses the air, for which purpose the discs
may be perforated, or may be made of suitable material to permit of the air passing
through.
The same purpose of extracting heat may be attained by imparting motion to the
hollow bodies which receive the gas to be condensed or the liquid to be cooled. In
this instance, the hollow bodies are, by suitable mechanism, consecutively lifted out of
the vessel containing the cooling liquid, and again dipped into it; or the hollow bodies
may be arranged upon a rotary shaft, so as to dip partly into the cooling liquid con-
tained in the vessel; or the hollow bodies may be fixed, while the vessel containing
the cooling liquid may be made to ascend and descend; the main object in all these
cases being to rapidly extract the heat from the liquid to be cooled, or the gases to be
condensed; or a second vessel may be employed arranged by the side of, or above or
below the vessel containing the hollow bodies, and in this second vessel the rotating
discs or lifting devices may be arranged, the two vessels being combined in any
suitable manner by pipes, with or without pumps for raising the cooling liquid, so
that the cooling liquid is exposed to the air in the second vessel, returning cooled down
to the first vessel, and so circulating for the purpose set forth.

page_text: Or the hollow bodies may be arranged without any surrounding vessel, but in
combination with the second vessel containing the rotary dises or lifting devices, the
hollow bodies being in this instance provided with suitable gutters to collect the
cooling liquid as it flows down over the surface of the cooling apparatus, from which
gutters the liquid is returned to the second vessel by the pump, to be used again for
cooling down.
The hollow bodies may be made of corrugated or plain plates, sheets or tubes; but
the corrugated form is preferred for the more energetic action of the cooling liquid,
and for the increased surface of contact, the corrugations ensuring that the liquid
being cooled, or the gas being condensed, repeatedly strikes the inside of the hollow
bodies. The same effect may also be produced by providing the inside of the hollow
bodies with ribs or partition walls, or directing screens, or providing the hollow bodies,
-whether made in prismatic form or in tube-like form, with inner and outer ribs, or
making the hollow bodies of two pipes placed concentrically one within the other, for
forming an annular passage for the steam to be condensed.
It may be here remarked that the arrangements and the construction of the bodies
or pipes may be varied in many ways, to ensure the transmission of heat into the
surrounding liquid in the most effectual way.
In the annexed drawings, several modes are shown of constructing the apparatus
for the purpose in view. Fig. 1 shows in cross section, Fig. 2 in longitudinal section,
and Fig. 3 in horizontal section a simple form of apparatus. a is a vessel in which a
series of hollow bodies made of corrugated plates or sheets, i, are placed, these hollow
bodies forming serpentine passages in the vessel a. On a rotating shaft a number of
discs are mounted in sets of two, three, or more, on both sides of said hollow bodies /.
The discs may be flat or corrugated, or may be provided with cups or gutters, or
any suitable devices for lifting the liquid from the vessel a into the air. The steam to
be condensed, or the liquid to be cooled, is admitted to the hollow bodies at e, Figs. 2
and 3, and the exit takes place at d. The corrugations in the sides of the hollow
bodies being placed vertically, the gas to be condensed or the liquid to be cooled, will,
within the narrow limits of i, strike against such corrugations, which, while presenting
a larger surface to the condensing or cooling action of the surrounding liquid, also
serve to arrest the flow of the gas or liquid being cooled in the passages. The vessel
a is open at top, and an artificial current of air may be directed over it to increase the
cooling tendency of the lifted streams of water.
The hollow bodies may extend downwards to the bottom of vessel d, and by pro-
viding holes or apertures in said bottom, which may be covered by suitable lids,
facilities are afforded to clean the inside of the said hollow bodies by means of brushes.
This may be still more facilitated by arranging holes or apertures covered by lids on
the top of the hollow bodies.
In Fig. 4 the hollow bodies consist of pipes, which may be placed in a horizontal
position in vessel a separately, or in form of a serpentine; in the latter case, the
bodies i may he connected directly to the inlet and outlet d, as shown.
6
Fig. 5 shows an apparatus in cross section, in which, between the hollow bodies /,
bars or plates e are provided, either plain or corrugated, or provided with horizontal
projections of any suitable shape, which plates or bars are supported from, and moved
up and down by a crank shaft, so as to expose the liquid in a consecutive change to
the air.
Figures 6 and 7 show an apparatus in cross section and longitudinal section, in
which the lifting devices or rotating dises are replaced by the hollow bodies, the
latter being made to be moved up and down by the crank shaft from the liquid into
the air and vice versa. In this case, the admittance into the hollow bodies is made by
a flexible pipe, while the exit from these bodies is made by pipes d, which are
arranged to work through stuffing boxes or similar devices in the bottom of vessel a.
If considered desirable, air from inside the bodies may be drawn by a pipe g
arranged in a similar manner to the pipes d.
In Fig. 8, the hollow body i is mounted on a hollow rotary shaft *, the body partly
dipping into the liquid in vessel a. The shaft is made hollow for the entrance of

page_text: gas or liquid at c, the cooled down liquid or condensed gas escaping at i, and through
pipe out of the other end of hollow shaft 6. At this end of hollow shaft b', air
from inside the hollow vessel may be withdrawn.
In Fig. 9, the apparatus is arranged in such a manner that the hollow bodies are
stationary, whereas the vessel a with its liquid is lowered and raised by means of the
crank shaft, so that the hollow bodies, while the vessel a is lowered, are met by the
air. The entrance into the hollow bodies is effected by a fixed pipe c, whereas
the outlet of products of condensing or cooling from the bodies i is effected by pipes d
in the manner as explained with reference to Figures 6 and 7.
Figures 10 and 11 show in plan and cross section an' arrangement of apparatus in
which a second vessel a' is shewn in connection with vessel u; the vessel a contains
the cooling liquid and discs or lifting devices s¹ only. The two vessels a- and a¹ are
connected by gutters or pipes in such a manner that the liquid warmed or heated
in is caused to circulate by into a¹, the liquid cooled down in a by contact with
air returns by into a, as indicated by arrows in the plan Fig. 10. The connection
between the two vessels a and a' may be made, by horizontal pipes / as indicated in
fig. 12, instead of by open gutters, fig. 11, in which case, screws may be employed
to agitate the water, and cause it to circulate in the desired direction.
Fig. 13 indicates an arrangement in which the two separated vessels a¹ a are situated
one above the other, the cooling liquid coming from a through pipes k, and having
done its effect in a, is raised in a somewhat warm or heated state by rotary or other
pump m into vessel a¹.
Fig. 14 is the reverse of fig. 13, inasmuch as the vessel a¹ is situated below, and
the vessel a with the hollow bodies above, both vessels being shown as provided with
lifting devices instead of dises. But it will be evident that the discs alone, or the
lifting devices and disc combined, may be used if desired. The heated fluid in a will
run down by pipe 7, and after cooling in a', will be raised again by pump m into a.
In the apparatus shewn in fig 15, the hollow bodies are used without surrounding
vessel a; the hollow bodies i lieing placed side by side, and the vessel a¹ with rotating
dises on top thereof, so that after the cooling liquid has been cooled in a', it is dis
tributed by spout k into gutters n, from whence it runs over the surface of the hollow
bodies to collecting gutters o at bottom, and is returned to a¹ by pump.m. When this
apparatus (fig. 15) is intended as a condensing apparatus, the gas or steam is admitted
by pipe e, and the product of condensation drawn off by pipe d, as indicated by the
arrow. By a slight modification, this apparatus may be converted into a cooling
apparatus, as shewn in fig. 16, inasmuch as the liquid to be cooled, may be conductel
by pipe el, and distributed in gutters n, from whence it will flow over the surface of
the hollow bodies i, and having been collected by gutters o; is led away by d',. whereas
the cooling liquid, coming cooled down from the vessel a¹ (provided with disc or lifting
devices) through pipe k, is forced by pump m through the hollow bodies i and pipe 7
hack into vessel a¹.
Fig. 17 shews a modification of the arrangement shewn at fig. 13. The circulation
of the cooling water or liquid is the same, only the discs or lifting devices. being
removed from vessel a, which contains hollow bodies i only, such discs or lifting
devices are applied only for cooling purposes in vessel a'.
Fig. 18 and 19 shew an arrangement of the apparatus, in which the circulation of
the cooling liquid is effected without pumps or other forcing device. The liquid, after
having been cooled down in a¹ by the discs, is taken off by the pipe k, into vessel a,
whereas the liquid heated in a will; by its lighter weight, rise by pressure exerted by
the water rushing in, through k, up the pipe to a'. To cause this automatic circula-
tion of the liquid, the vessel a must be closed at top, allowing apertures only for the
inlet and outlet pipes and 1.
In Figures 20 to 24, a modification is shewn of the apparatus heretofore described,
which modification consists in dispensing with the discs or lifting devices as used for
exposing the cooling liquid. This exposure of the liquid is caused by allowing the
liquid to run down a certain height through the air, during which period the cooling
action of the air will cool down such liquid. And in another modication, the liquid is

page_text: exposed to the air in form of rising jets, or the air may be pressed through the liquid.
Figs. 20 and 21 are longitudinal section and cross section of an apparatus in which
we find the vessel a containing the hollow bodies i, and the vessel a situated above.
The liquid, raised in temperature by the contents of hollow bodies i, is drawn by
pump in, and forced through pipe into a', from which the liquid either runs down in
the form of rain by free fall (fig. 20, and left hand side of fig. 21), or its free fall is
interrupted by flat ribbed or corrugated plates (see right hand side of Fig. 21),
which may be made adjustable. In these cases, it may be found advantageous to close
up two sides of the space between a and a¹, so as to ensure a current of air passing
through the falling liquid. The fixed or adjustable plates may be replaced by vertical
hars, fitted with horizontal plates, cups, or other devices (, fig. 22, which, in the same
manner as plates ", fig. 21, increase the exposure of liquid to the cooling action of air.
Again, in fig. 23, horizontal plates, either perforated or with openings at opposite
sides, may serve for the same purpose. In Fig. 24, the second vessel is dispensed
with, and the cooling of the liquid is either effected by forcing air, by means of a
pump m, into the liquid through the perforated pipe situated below the level of the
liquid in vessel a, or by pumping the heated liquid through 7, which is provided with
a properly shaped mouth-piece, so that the water is driven into the air, either in single
jets or in fine streams. In both cases, the air will part with the coldness, and cool
down the liquid by its cooling influence upon the contents of hollow bodies i.
It will be noticed that in most of the apparatus described above, the flow of the
liquids or fluids to be cooled or condensed is at right angles to the corrugations in the
walls of the bodies i, as exemplified in Figures 1, 2, and 3, but that the flow may also
be in a direction parallel with the corrugations, as exemplified in Figures 9, 20,
and 21.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1st. The apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, constructed, arranged
and operating substantially as herein described and shown in the drawings, consisting
essentially of one or more vessels to contain the cooling liquid or medium, one or more
passages or hollow bodies to receive the liquid or fluid to be cooled or condensed, and
one or more "lifting devices or their equivalents for re-cooling the cooling liquid or
medium, as and for the purpose set forth.
ני
2nd. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of a
vessel or vessels to contain the cooling medium, one or more passages or hollow bodies
to receive the liquid or fluid to be cooled or condensed, and rotating lifting dises or
devices substantially as herein shown and described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4,
10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, of the drawings.
3rd. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of one
or more vesseis to contain the cooling medium, one or more passages or hollow bodies
to receive the liquid or fluid to be cooled or condensed, and reciprocating lifting
devices substantially as described and shown reference to Figs. 5 and 14 of the
drawings.
4th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of a
vessel to contain the cooling liquid or medium, with passages or hollow bodies to
receive the liquid or fluid to be cooled or condensed, said passages or hollow bodies
serving also as the lifting devices substantially as herein shown and described with
reference to Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the drawings.
5th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of
two vessels arranged side by side, and provided with hollow bodies and lifting discs or
devices, with a channel or channels connecting the two vessels, substantially as herein
shown and described with reference to Figs. 10, 11 and 12 of the drawings.
6th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, two vessels arranged
one above the other, one provided with passages or hollow bodies to receive the liquid
or fluid to be cooled or condensed, and with or without lifting dises or devices, and

page_text: the other in some cases provided with lifting discs or devices only, in combination
with a force pump or other means for raising the cooling medium from one vessel to
the other, substantially as herein shown and described with reference to Figs. 13, 14,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24.
7th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of
hollow body or bodies to receive either internally or externally the liquid or fluid to
be cooled or condensed, a vessel provided with lifting discs or devices, and a force
pump or other means for raising the cooling medium from a lower or higher level,
substantially as herein shown and described with reference to Figs. 15 and 16 of the
drawings.
8th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of a
closed vessel to contain the cooling liquid or medium, and provided with passages or
hollow bodies to receive the liquid or fluid to be cooled, with a second vessel arranged
above the first, and provided with lifting dises or devices, the flow of the cooling
liquid or medium taking place by natural circulation, substantially as shown and
described with reference to Figs. 18 and 19 of the drawings.
9th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of a
vessel provided with passages or hollow bodies, a force pump or equivalent means, and
a second vessel from which the cooling medium is allowed to fall in fine streams,
substantially as herein shown and described with reference to Fig. 20 of the
drawing.
10th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of a
vessel provided with passages or hollow bodies, a force pump or equivalent apparatus,
a second vessel arranged above the first, and means for breaking up the streams of
cooling medium falling from the second vessel, substantially as herein shown and
described with reference to Figs. 21, 22 and 23 of the drawings, and for the purpose
set forth.
11th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of a
vessel provided with passages or hollow bodies, and means for projecting the cooling
melium into the air, substantially as herein shown and described, with reference to
Fig. 24 of the drawings, and for the purpose set forth.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 20th day of February 1889, Amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling and Condensing Purposes.
I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
of
This invention refers to improvements in apparatus for carrying out the process
cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, which process consists as follows, that is to say,
the specific temperature of the condensing or cooling liquid is not made use of, but a
given quantity of cold, warm, or even hot liquid is merely used as a medium in order
to withdraw the cold from the air or atmosphere by continuously renewed contact
therewith, the given quantity of the medium liquid being maintained by the addition
of such a percentage, as is lost by evaporation. The quantity of liquid used in this
process is reduced to a minimum, it having been ascertained by repeated trials, that
only about eleven litres (equal to eleven kilogrammes) of water are necessary for
condensing about 3 kilogrammes of steam in this improved press, whereas according
to the well known injecting process, about 18 litres of water used to condense one
kilogramme of steam.
The apparatus used for working this process may be constructed of an open vessel,
filled up with the condensing liquid, into which vessel a hol body or
bodies is or
are inserted, receiving through a properly arranged inlet the seam or gas to be con-
densed, or the liquid to be cooled.
In the vessel is a series of rotating discs or other lifting dies arranged adjacent
to the hollow bodies, which discs or other devices serving, abey rotate to lift the
liquid constantly into the air, thereby cooling the liquid and spidly extracting the
heat from the contents of the hollow bodies. This heat extating process may be
intensified by an artificial air draft, directed through that af the discs or lifting
perforated.
devices which traverses the air, for which purpose the discs m
be

page_text: The same purpose of extracting heat may be attained by imparting motion to the
hollow bodies which receive the gas to be condensed, or the liquid-to be cooled. In
this instance, the hollow bodies are, by suitable mechanism, consecutively lifted out of
the vessel containing the cooling liquid, and again dipped into it, or the hollow bodies
may be arranged upon a revolving shaft so as to dip partly into the cooling liquid
contained in the vessel; or the hollow bodies may be fixed, while the vessel containing
the cooling liquid may be made to ascend and descend; the main object in all these
cases being to rapidly extract the heat from the liquid to be cooled, or the gases to be
condensed.
Or a second vessel may be employed, arranged by the side of, or above or below the
vessel containing the hollow bodies, and in this second vessel the rotating discs or
lifting devices may be arranged, the two vessels being combined in any suitable manner
by pipes, with or without pumps for raising the cooling liquid, so that the cooling fluid
is exposed to the air in the second vessel, returning cooled down to the first vessel,
and so circulating for the purpose set forth.
Or the hollow bodies may be arranged without any surrounding vessel, but in com-
bination with the second vessel containing the rotary dises or lifting devices, the
hollow bodies being, in this instance, provided with suitable gutters to collect the
cooling liquid as it flows down over the surface of the cooling apparatus, from which
gutters the liquid is returned to the second vessel by the pump, to be itself cooled
down.
The hollow bodies may be made of corrugated or plain plates, sheets, or tubes; but
the corrugated form is preferred for the more energetic action of the cooling liquid,
and for the increased surface of contact, the corrugations insuring the liquid being.
cooled, or the gas being condensed, repeatedly striking the inside of the hollow bodies.
The same effect may also be produced by providing the inside of the hollow bodies
with ribs or partition walls or directing screens, or providing the hollow bodies,
whether made in prismatic form or in tube-like form, with inner and outer ribs, or
making the hollow bodies of two pipes, placed concentrically one within the other, for
forming an annular passage for the steam to be condensed. Or the cooling liquid
may be cooled down (1) by being allowed to fall in fine streams through the air from
one vessel to the other; or (2) by injecting cool air into it; or (3) by projecting the
liquid into the air, and allowing it to fall in the form of spray; or (4) by allowing it
to fall on perforated, ribbed, or corrugated plates.
It may be here marked that the arrangement and construction of the bodies or
pipes may be varied in many ways to ensure the transmission of heat into the
surrounding liquid in the most effectual way.
NEWTON & SON
NEWTON & SON
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6, Bream's Buildings
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this inventuion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement —
This invention refers to improvements in apparatus for carrying out a process
of cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, which process consists as follows-In the
condensing process, the specific temperature of the condensing or cooling liquid is not
made use of, but unimportant, as a given quantity of cold, warm, or even hot liquid is
merely may be used as a cooling medium, in order to such medium withdrawing the
cold from the air or atmosphere by continuously renewed contact therewith, the given
quantity of the medium liquid being maintained by the addition of only such a per-
centage as will be lost by evaporation. The quantity of the liquid used in this process
is reduced to a minimum, it having been ascertained by repeated trials that only about
eleven-litres-(equal to eleven kilegrammes) of water are necessary for condensing
about three kilogrammes of steam in this improved process, whereas according to
the well known injecting process, about 18 litres of water are used to condenso one
kilogramme of steam. The apparatus used for working this process may be constructed
of an open vessel filled up with the condensing liquid, into which vessel a hollow body
or bodies is or are inserted, receiving through a properly arranged inlet the steam or
gas to be condensed, or the liquid to be cooled. In the vessel is a series of rotating
discs or other "lifting devices," arranged adjacent to the hollow bodies, which discs or
other devices serve, as they rotate, to lift the condensing liquid constantly into the air,
thereby cooling the liquid, and rapidly extracting the heat from the contents of the
hollow bodies. This heat-extracting process may be intensified by an artificial air
draft directed through that part of the disc or lifting devices which traverses the air,
for which purpose the discs may be perforated, or may be made of suitable material to
permit the air passing through.
The same purpose of extracting heat may be attained by imparting motion to
the hollow-bodies which receive the gas to be condensed or the liquid to be cooled.
In this instance, the hollow bodies are, by suitable mechanism, consecutively lifted out
of the vessel containing the cooling liquid, and again dipped into it; or the hollow
bodies may be arranged upon a rotary shaft, so as to dip partly into the cooling liquid
contained in the vessel; or the hollow bodies may be fixed, while the vessel containing
the cooling liquid may be made to ascend and descend: the main object in all these
ennes being to rapidly extract the heat from the liquid to be cooled, or the gases to be
condensed; or employing a second vessel may be employed arranged by the side
of, or above or below the vessel containing the hollow bodies, and in this second
vessel the rotating discs or lifting devices may be arranged, the two vessels being
combined in any suitable manner by pipes, with or without pumps for raising
the cooling liquid, so that the cooling liquid is exposed to the air in the second
vessel, returning cooled down to the first vessel, and so circulating for the purpose set
forth.
Or the hollow bodies may be arranged without any surrounding vessel, but in

page_text: wing devices, WHE
hollow bodies being in this instance provided with suitable gutters to collect the
cooling liquid as it flows down over the surface of the cooling apparatus, from which
gutters the liquid is returned to the second vessel by the pump, to be used again for
cooling down.
The hollow bodies may be made of corrugated or plain plates, sheets or tubes; but
the corrugated form is preferred for the more energetic action of the cooling liquid,
and for the increased surface of contact, the corrugations ensuring that the liquid
being cooled, or the gas being condensed, repeatedly strikes the inside of the hollow
bodies. The same effect may also be produced by providing the inside of the hollow
bodies with ribs or partition walls, or directing screens, or providing the hollow bodies,
--whether made in prismatic form or in tube-like form,-with inner and outer ribs, or
making the hollow bodies of two pipes placed concentrically one within the other,
for forming an annular passage for the steam to be condensed.
It may be here remarked that the arrangements and the construction of the bodies
or pipes may be varied in many ways, to ensure the transmission of heat into the
surrounding liquid in the most effectual way.
In the annexed drawings, several modes are shown of constructing the apparatus
for the purpose in view. Fig. I shews in cross section, Fig. 2 in longitudinal section,
and Fig. 3 in horizontal section a simple form of apparatus. a is a vessel in which a
series of hollow bodies made of corrugated plates or sheets, i, are placed, these hollow
bodies forming serpentine passages in the vessel a. On a rotating shaft ba number of
discs s are mounted in sets of two, three, or more, on both sides of said hollow bodies i.
The discs may be flat or corrugated, or may be provided with cups or gutters, or
any suitable devices for lifting the liquid from the vessel a into the air. The steam to
be condensed, or the liquid to be cooled, is admitted to the hollow bodies at e, Figs. 2
and 3, and the exit takes place at d. The corrugations in the sides of the hollow
bodies being placed vertically, the gas to be condensed or the liquid to be cooled, will,
within the narrow limits of i, strike against such corrugations, which, while presenting
a larger surface to the condensing or cooling action of the surrounding liquid, also
serve to arrest the flow of the gas or liquid being cooled in the passages. The vessel
a is open at top, and an artificial current of air may be directed over it to increase the
cooling tendency of the lifted streams of water.
The hollow bodies may extend downwards to the bottom of vessel a, and by pro-
viding holes or apertures in said bottom, which may be covered by suitable lids,
facilities are afforded to clean the inside of the said hollow bodies by means of brushes.
This may be still more facilitated by arranging holes or apertures covered by lids on
the top of the hollow bodies.
In Fig. 4 the hollow bodies i consist of pipes, which may be placed in a
horizontal position in vessel a separately, or in a serpentine form of a-serpentine:
in the latter case, the bodies i may be connected directly to the inlet c and outlet d,
as shown.
Fig. 5 shows an apparatus in cross section, in which, between the hollow bodies i,
bars or plates e are provided, either plain or corrugated, or provided with horizontal
projections of any suitable shape, which plates or bars are supported from, and moved
up and down by a crank shaft f, so as to expose the liquid in a consecutive change to
the cooling action of the air.
Figures 6 and 7 show an apparatus in cross section and longitudinal section. in
which the lifting devices or rotating discs are replaced by the hollow-bodies & the
latter being made to be moved up and down by the crank shaft from the liquid inte
the air and vice versa. In this case, the admittance into the hollow bodies is made
by a flexible pipe c, while the exit from these bodies is made by pipes d, which are
arranged to work through stuffing boxes or similar devices in the bottom of vessel #.
If considered desirable air from inside the bodies i may be drawn by a pipo-g
arranged in a similar manner to the pipes d.
In Fig. 8, the hollow body i is mounted on a hollow rotary shaft 6*, the body partly
dipping into the liquid in vessel a. The shaft b' is made hollow for the entrance of

page_text: pipe out of the other end of hollow shaft bl. At this end of hollow shaft b₁, air
from inside the hollow vessel may be withdrawn.
In Fig. 9, the apparatus is arranged in such a manner that the hollow bodies i are
stationary, whereas the vessel a with its liquid is lowered and raised by means of the
orank shaft, so that the hollow-bodies, while the vessel a is lowered, are met by the
air. The entrance into the hollow bodies-is effected by a fixed pipe c. whereas
the outlet of products of condensing or cooling from the bodies i is effected by pipes d
in the manner as explained with reference to Figures 6 and 7:
Figures 106 and-H 7 show in plan and cross section an arrangement of apparatus in
which a second vessel a' is shewn in connection with vessel a; the vessel a' contains
the cooling liquid and discs or lifting devices s only, and the vessel a the hollow
bodies i. The two vessels a amd a¹ are connected by gutters or pipes h h' in such a
manner that the condensing liquid warmed or heated in a, is caused to circulate.by h
into a¹, the liquid cooled down in a¹ by contact with the air returns by h¹ into a, as
indicated by arrows in the plan Fig. 106. The connection between the two vessels a
and a¹ may be made, by horizontal pipes h² as indicated in fig. +2 8, instead of by
open gutters h h¹, fig. H 7, in which case, screws may be employed to agitate the
water, and cause it to circulate in the desired direction.
Fig. 13-indicates an arrangement in which the two separated vessels a¹a are situated
one above the other, the cooling liquid coming from a through pipes k, and having
done-its-effect-in a, is raised in a somewhat warm or heated state by rotary or other
pump-m-into-vessel-al
Fig. 14 is the reverse of fig. 13, inasmuch as the vessel al is situated below, and
the vessel a-with the hollow-bodies above both vessels-being-shown as provided with
lifting devices instead of dises. But it will be evident that the dises alone, or-the
lifting devices-and-dise combined, may be used if desired. The heated-fluid-in-a-will
run-down by pipe-1,-and-after-cooling in al, will be raised again by pump m into a.
In the apparatus shown in fig. 15, the hollow bodies are used without surrounding
vessel a; the hollow-bodies being placed side-by-side, and the vessel al-with rotating
dises-on-top thereof, so-that-after the cooling liquid has been cooled in al-it-is-dis-
tributed by spout into gutters n. from whence it runs over the surface of the hollow
bodies to collecting gutters at bottom, and is returned to al by pump. When this
apparatus (fig. 15) is intended as a condensing apparatus, the gas or steam is admitted
by pipe, and the product of-condensation-drawn off-by-pipe-d, as indicated-by-the
arrow. By a slight modification, this apparatus may be converted-into-a-cooling
apparatus, as shewn in fig. 16, inasmuch as the liquid to be cooled, may be conducted
by pipe el, and distributed in gutters n, from whence it will flow over the surface of
the hollow-bodies i, and having been collected by gutters o, is led away by d whereas
the cooling liquid, coming cooled down from the vessel a (provided with dise or lifting
devices)-through-pipe, is forced-by-pump-m-through-the-hollow-bodies and pipe
back into vessel-a¹.
Fig. 17 shows a modification of the arrangement shewn at-fig. 13. The circulation
of the cooling water or liquid is the same, only the-dises-or-lifting devices-being
removed from-vessel a, which contains hollow bodies only, such dises or lifting
devices are applied-only-for-cooling purposes in vessel al
Fig. 18-and-10-shew an arrangement of the apparatus, in which the eirculation of
the cooling liquid is effected-without-pumps or other forcing device. The liquid, after
having been cooled-down-in-a-by-the-discs, is taken off by the pipe k, into-vessel a
whereas the liquid-heated in a will, by its lighter weight, rise by pressure exerted-by
the-water-rushing in, through-k, up the pipe to al. To cause this automatic-circula-
tion of the liquid, the vessel a must-be closed at top, allowing apertures only-for-the
inlet and outlet pipes % and 4.
In Figures 20 to 24, a modification is shewn of the apparatus heretofore described,
which modification consists in-dispensing with the dises or lifting devices as used-for
exposing the cooling liquid. This exposure of the liquid is caused by allowing-the
liquid to-run down a certain height through the air, during which period-the-cooling

page_text: action of the air will cool down such liquid. And in another modification, the liquid is
exposed to the air in form of rising jets, or the air may be pressed through the liquid.
Figs. 20 and 21 are longitudinal-section and cross-section of an apparatus in which
we find the vessel a containing the hollow bodies i, and the vessel al situated above.
The liquid, raised in temperature by the contents of hollow-bodies i; is drawn by
pump m, and forced through-pipe into al, from which the liquid either runs down in
the form of rain by free-fall (fig. 20, and left-hand side of fig. 21), or its free fall is
interrupted by flat ribbed or corrugated plates (see right-hand side of Fig. 21),
which may be made adjustable. In these cases, it may be found advantageous, to-elose
up two sides of the space between a and al, so as to ensure a current-of-air-passing
through the falling liquid. The fixed or adjustable-plates may be replaced by verticul
bars, fitted with horizontal plates, cups, or other devices t, fig. 22, which, in the same
manner as plates 7, fig. 21, increase the exposure-of-liquid to the cooling action of air.
Again, in fig. 23, horizontal plates, either perforated-or-with-openings at opposite
sides, may serve for the same purpose. In-Fig. 24, the second vessel al is dispensed
with, and the cooling of the liquid is either effected by foreing air, by means of a
pump m, into the liquid through the perforated pipe situated below the level of the
liquid in vessel #, or ny pumping the heated-liquid through, which is provided with
a-properly shaped mouth piece, so that the water is driven into the air, either in-single
jets or in fine streams. In both cases, the air will part with the coldness, and cool
down-the liquid by its cooling influence upon-the-contents-of-hollow-bodies i.
It will be noticed that in most of the apparatus described above, the flow of the
liquids or fluids to be cooled or condensed is at right angles to the corrugations in the
walls of the bodies i, as exemplified in Figures 1, 2, and 3, but-that the flow may also
be-in-a-direction-parallel-with-the corrugations, as exemplified in Figures-9, 20,
and--21.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is
1st. The use of apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, constructed,
arranged and operating substantially as herein described and shown in the drawings,
consisting essentially of one or more vessels to contain the cooling liquid or medium,
one or more passages or hollow bodies to receive the liquid or fluid to be cooled or
condensed, and one or more "lifting devices" or their equivalents for re-cooling
the cooling liquid or medium, as and for the purpose set forth.
2nd. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the use in combina-
tion of a vessel or vessels to contain the cooling medium, one or more passages or
hollow bodies to receive the liquid or fluid to be cooled or condensed, and rotating
lifting discs or devices substantially as herein shown and described with reference to
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 18, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19; 6, 7 and 8 of the drawings.
3rd. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of one
or more vessels to contain the cooling medium, one or more passages or hollow bodies
to receive the liquid or fluid to be cooled or condensed, and reciprocating lifting
devices substantially as described and shown with reference to Figs. 5 and 14 of the
drawings.
4th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of a
vessel to contain the cooling liquid er medium, with passages or hollow-bodies to
receive the liquid or fluid to be cooled or condensed, said passages or hollow-bodies
serving also as the lifting devices substantially as herein shown and described with
reference to Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the drawings.
5th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of
two vessels arranged side by side, and provided with hollow bodies and lifting discs or
devices, with a channel or channels connecting the two vessels, substantially as herein
shown and described with reference to Figs. 10, 11 and 12 of the drawings.
6th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, two vessels-arranged
one above the other, one provided with passages or hollow bodies to receive the liquid

page_text: or fluid to be cooled or condensed, and with or without lifting dises or devices, and
the other in some cases provided with lifting dises or devices only, in-combination
with-a-force-pump or other means for raising the cooling medium from one vessel to
the other, substantially as herein shown and described with reference to Figs. 13, 14,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24.
7th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of
hollow body or bodies to receive either internally-or externally the liquid or fluid to
be cooled or condensed, a vessel provided with lifting dises-or devices, and a force
pump or other means for raising the cooling medium from a lower or higher level,
substantially as herein shown and described-with reference to Figs. 15 and 16 of the
drawings.
8th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of a
elosed-vessel to contain the cooling liquid or medium, and provided-with-pussages-or
hollow-bodies to receive the liquid or fluid to be cooled, with a second-vessel arranged
above-the-first, and provided with lifting dises or devices, the flow of the cooling
liquid-or-medium-taking place by natural circulation, substantially as shown and
described-with-reference to Figs. 18 and 10-of-the-drawings.
9th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of a
vessel provided with passages or hollow bodice, a force pump or equivalent means, and
a-second vessel from which the cooling-medium is allowed to fall in fine streams,
substantially as herein shown and described with reference to Fig. 20 of the
drawing.
10th. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of a
vessel provided with passages or hollow bodies, a force pump or equivalent apparatus.
a second-vessel arranged above the first, and means for breaking up the streams of
cooling medium-falling-from-the second vessel, substantially as herein shown and
described with reference to Figs. 21, 22 and 23 of the drawings, and for the purpose
set-forth.
Hth. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of a
vessel provided with passages or hollow bodies, and-means for projecting the cooling
medium into the air, substantially as herein shown and described, with reference to
Fig. 24 of the drawings, and for the purpose set forth.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.