IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPLIANCES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1881.
A communication from abroad by Charles Gilbert Antonin Masson-Roigneau,
Manufacturer of Smoke Consuming and Heating Appliances, of the City of
Paris, in the Republic of France.
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPLIANCES." A communi-
cation from abroad by Charles Gilbert Antonin Masson-Roigneau, Manufacturer
of Smoke Consuming and Heating Appliances, of the City of Paris, in the Republic
of France.
The advantages of the improved heating apparatus are the simplicity of its
construction, its economy in combustion, the stove only requires charging with
coke once a day, less sweeping is necessary, and less dust is occasioned thereby, the
residues only requiring removal once in eight days, injurious exhalations are
avoided, and the lighting and charging are effected without smell, consequently the
healthiness of this mode of heating is insured.
No part of the apparatus is visible with the exception of the heat exits. Being
sunk under ground the apparatus is easily fixed during building. The conduits of
the combustible gases may without inconvenience be horizontal. The heater is thus
easily fixed in houses already built, and can be employed for heating apartments,
cafès, public halls, schools, hospitals, and so forth.
Finally, by substituting for the sheet iron jacket surrounding the stove a casing
containing water, the system is more suitable for heating hot houses or con-
servatories.
The stove is made of sheet iron containing about two decalitres of coke, and
arranged concentrically in an envelope, also of sheet iron, and generally sunk in
the earth or surrounded by masonry. The space between the two cases is
judiciously determined according to the quantity of air to be heated and in
accordance with the dimensions of the stove, which is provided with a lid, handle,
and mica sight.
The grate is supported on three iron feet resting on a cross bar of the jacket; a
chimney joined to the stove is continued inside it in form of a shoe, which retains
the fuel and leaves the mouth of the chimney open to the flame.

page_text: The draught is regulated by a slide moved by a shaft which opens or closes a
similar orifice; a rake formed of iron blades which pass in and out of the spaces
in the grating clear the grate by an up and down motion communicated to the
shaft of the rake, which slides in the same guides as those of the draught
regulator.
Air may be taken in at any convenient place by an earthenware conduit, which
abuts at the base of the external casing of the stove, the air entering either by a
grating in the entrance of the house or through the cellar vault. The air entry or
entries supply combustion, and spreads the air to be heated in the heating spaces.
At a certain point the chimney is joined by a sleeve to an iron or other
horizontal pipe or tube, which directs the smoke and combustible gases to another
or vertical tube placed in a chimney extending outside, and is provided with a cap
to prevent the fall of solid bodies into this pipe or tube, the bottom of this vertical
pipe is furnished with a movable bottom for receiving cinders, soot, or other matter
which may be deposited by the gas, or projected by the horizontal pipe; this latter
is placed in ide another earthenware one from which the hot air exits debouch;
this pipe may be prolonged beyond the vertical one and so contain an additional
number of hot air exits. At the head of the horizontal pipe is a box surmounting
the external casing of the stove which is movable and forms an air exit to allow
of the entry and exit of the stove, and also to regulate draught, sweeping, and
charging the stove. A rabble or rake is employed for this purpose.
In filling the stove with fuel the movable grating is removed, the lid of the
stove is taken off and a funnel is placed on the stove, and a ring connected with
the hopper or funnel hermetically close the stove. As the funnel remains all the
time of lighting, it is closed by aid of a stopper or plug which is easily siezed by
a kind of ear or lug. In lighting, a lighted paper is thrown in with some live
coal, coke is then poured in till the stove is completely or partially filled as desired,
the funnel is then removed and the lid replaced, care being taken to regulate the
draught.
The base of the stove has conical sides for conducting the cinders and residues
of combustion into a reservoir or pan which is removed every 7 or 8 days, and
sweeping only occurs once in 12 days.
In heating hothouses, conservatories, and in certain cases apartments, the
external casing is replaced by a double sided jacket, between which sides water is
poured, which is converted into vapour so as to mingle with the hot air and give
it the requisite moisture.
In some cases the large hot air exit alone may be used. In this case the horizontal
pipe, instead of being isolated in the earthenware casing, merely forms a chimney,
which would then be of pottery.