IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC FENCES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF VERANDAHS, TO TRUSS-FRAMES FOR BRIDGES, AND TO OTHER ANALOGOUS MANUPAC- TURES
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, J, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Seventh day of August, in the Sixteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her Heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my exors, adññors, and
assigns, and such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my exors,
adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark,
and Man, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC
FENCES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF
VERANDAHS, TO TRUSS-FRAMES FOR BRIDGES, AND TO OTHER ANALOGOUS MANUPAC-
TURES," being a communication from abroad; in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and. by the following. description thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, (that is to say):
This Invention relates to the making of fences, railings, verandahs, truss-
frames, and other like structures of wrought-iron wire or rods, or a combina-
tion of the two, secured together by casting on to the proximate parts of the
wire or rods of which the structure is to be composed, either plain or
ornamental metal ties, whereby firm and durable connections may be made
between the parts without employing screw bolts, nuts, or rivets, or of the
method of plaiting (which has been applied in the manufacture of wire fences)
for holding the several parts together.
In the Drawing Fig. 1 shews in elevation a portion of an ornamental fence
constructed according to this Invention, and Fig. 2 shows the manner of
putting the parts together. The rods and wires a are first cut to the desired
lengths, and they are then brought in any convenient manner into the form
required to suit the intended design. The outer extremities of the wires and
rods are then passed through holes made in the top and bottom bars b, b,
which, together with vertical strengthening bars, pillars, or posts, set at any
convenient distance apart, form the framing of the fence, of which the parts a, a,
are the filling pieces composing the pannels. When the parts are thus
adjusted the metal is to be applied for uniting them together. The casting:
may be effected by preparing sand moulds containing any suitable pattern, and
inserting in the moulds the proximate parts which are required to be united;
but it is preferred in all cases where small castings are to be produced to
employ metal moulds in two or more parts, which moulds are made to
clip the wires or rods a, and hold them in position during the casting
operation.
Figures 3 represent in perspective views the two halves of a mould for
forming a cast metal tie.. The mode in which the mould is applied is shewn
at Fig. 2.
In the back of each half mould c, c, an eye is formed to receive
the ends of a pair of tongues by which they are clamped or held together.
Other modes, however, may be resorted to for clamping the half moulds

page_text: together, depending upon their size or the form of the device and the weight
of the metal to be cast; but as the most convenient plan to be adopted "will
readily suggest itself to any ordinary metal caster, no further allusion thereto
will be necessary. These half moulds, when applied as shewn at Fig. 2,
embrace the proximate wires or rods, and by pouring molten metal into the
cavity of the mould an ornamental figure e, corresponding to the pattern of
the mould, will be formed, while at the same time a firm connection will be
established between the proximate iron wires or rods. Moulds of a similar
construction are to be made to embrace the rails b, b, and the wires a at their
points of junction so as to cast tie-pieces f, f, above and below the said rails,
and firmly unite the wires and rails together. The advantage which the use
of metal moulds presents over sand moulds is, that the metal moulds will
present a larger cbilling surface to the molten metal than the wrought-iron
rods or wires, and, by thus cooling the tie-pieces from the outside, the breaking
or splitting of such tie-pieces by contraction is effectually prevented. In
running the molten metal into the said moulds care should be taken not to
fill the moulds at one running, but first to run in a little metal to expel the
contained air, and then to fill the moulds.
By the foregoing mode of procedure, which admits of the introduction into
fences of caryatides (as shewn at g, g, Fig. 1) and other artistic devices, metal
fences, railings, truss-frames, and other like structures possessing great strength
in proportion to their weight and great elegance of appearance, may be
produced at much less expense than by any other known mode.
Ilaving now described the Invention as communicated to me by my Foreign
Correspondent, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited
Letters Patent I claim,-
First, the manufacture of metallic fences, verandahs, truss-frames, and other
like structures, by uniting together the several portions of wrought iron which
go to form such structures by the application thereto of molten metal; and,
Secondly, the employment in the manufacture of fences, verandahs, truss-
frames, and other like structures, of metal moulds, constructed so as to hold
the portions of wrought iron which go to form such structures firmly in position
while the molten metal is being applied thereto.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
(L.S.) A. V. NEWTON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Second day of Febuary, in the
year of our Lord 1853, the aforesaid Alfred Vincent Newton came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Seventh day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.