IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTS FOR THE RECEPTION AND DISCHARGE OF MUD,
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Clarkson of Drypool, Hull, Yorkshire, Foreman
Smith and John Ross of Newington, Hull, aforesaid, Secretary of the Hull
Wagon Works Company Limited for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTS FOR THE RECEPTION AND DISCHARGE OF MUD,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Clarkson and John
Ross at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January
1883.
SAMUEL CLARKSON of Drypool, Hull, Yorkshire, Foreman Smith and JOHN Ross
of Newington, Hull, aforesaid Secretary of the Hull Wagon Works Company
Limited "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTS FOR THE RECEPTION
DISCHARGE OF MUD, MORTAR, AND SIMILAR SEMI-SOLID AND OTHER
AND
SUBSTANCES."
The object of this invention is more especially to improve the construction of
what are known as " tumbler " carts used for the reception and discharge of mud,
mortar, night soil and other substances, with the view of rendering them better
adapted to the purposes which they are intended to serve, and greatly reducing the
weight thrown on the backs of the horses or other draught animals employed to
draw them.
In these "tumbler" carts the body is usually of semi-cylindrical form, and is
swung or pivotted on the axle of the carrying wheels: the body of the cart when
turned over working freely on such axle. Or the body is made fast to the axle,
and in that case when "tuinbled" over, the said axle turns in the naves or bosses
of the carrying wheels. Two chains attached to a heavy roller mounted between
the shafts and worked by a cumbersome arrangement of gearing carried by a heavy
wooden framing serve to pull the body over, and a third chain working on the same
roller serves to restore the cart to its normal position.
This method of constructing and arranging the gearing is cumbersome, and

page_text: throws unnecessary weight on the draught horse, moreover the pull of the chains
on the swinging body is not always direct, which is a great disadvantage since it
strains the working parts, and increases the labor of those working them.
To remedy all these defects we dispense with the long wooden roller and also
with two of the chains for turning over and bringing back the body of the cart to
its normal position, and instead thereof we employ a single chain attached at either
end to the fore and rear top edges of the swinging cart body and about midway
between tho shafts; the said chain passing over a chain wheel of any description
or any kind of chain lock sheave keyed at or near one end of a horizontal axle or
shaft mounted to rotate in bearings carried by a light frame of wood, or of iron of
any suitable section, secured to the shafts by rivetting or otherwise, and extending
rearwards to enclose the axle of the carrying wheels. On this light and rigid frame
is also mounted a short axle to which is keyed a pinion gearing with a spur wheel
keyed on the axle of the chain wheel or sheave above alluded to.
The short axle is adapted to receive a winch handle and thus rotary motion may
be imparted through the gearing to the chain wheel or sheave which is situate
midway of the breadth of the body. On the said axle is keyed a notched wheel or
ratchet adapted to receive a locking lever or pawl pivotted on a stud pin projecting
from the light and rigid framework above mentioned, and by means of this arrange-
ment of gearing the swinging body may be easily turned into any required position
without shock or undue straining and twisting of the parts and may be securely
held in such position as long as may be necessary.
Two light wrought iron bracket arms are hinged or fastened to the front of the
cart body and rest on the rear bar of the light frame carrying the gearing above
described. The lower ends of these bracket arms are forked or slit and engage
with and beneath a short cross bar passed through small lugs or standards fixed to
the frame by which, or equivalent, means the further motion of the cart body when
it has reached its normal position, is arrested.
By the above described construction and arrangements of tumbler cart, about
5 stones weight is taken off the shafts, and the durability and efficiency of the cart
are increased, the body of the cart being turned over much more easily and steadily
than by any other method hitherto adopted: all sudden jerks or strains are
avoided, and the cost of keeping in repair carts fitted with the above improvements
will be very considerably diminished.
The invention may be found applicable to some other descriptions of tipping
carts or wagons besides those known as tumbler carts, and above described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Samuel Clarkson and John Ross in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th July 1883.
SAMUEL CLARKSON of Drypool, Hull Yorkshire, Foreman Smith and JOHN Ross
of Newington, Hull aforesaid, Secretary of the Hull Wagon Works Company
Limited "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTS FOR THE RECEPTION
AND DISCHARGE OF MUD MORTAR, AND SIMILAR SEMI-SOLID AND
SUBSTANCES
"J
OTHER
The object of this Invention is to improve the construction of what are known
as "tumbler" carts used for the reception and discharge of mud, mortar, night-soil,
and other substances, with the view of rendering them better adapted to the
purposes which they are intended to serve.
In these "tumbler" carts, as hitherto made, the body is usually of semi-
cylindrical form, and is supported so as to swing on the axle of the carrying
wheels; the body of the cart, when turned over, working freely on such axle. Or
the body is made fast to the axle, and in that case, when "tumbled" over, the said
axle turns in the naves or bosses of the carrying wheels
The tumbling or tipping of the body is effected by means of two chains attached
to a heavy roller mounted between the shafts and worked by a cumbersono
arrangement of gearing carried by a heavy wooden framing, while a third chain,
working on the same roller is used to restore the cart to its normal position.
Or two chains are employed one for tumbling the cart, and the other for restoring
it to its normal position; the one being wound around a barrel or roller while the
other is given off from a barrel or roller, and vice versa.
This construction and arrangement of chains and gearing is cumbersome, and
throws unnecessary weight on the draught horse; moreover, the pull of the chains
on the swinging body is for the most part exerted in an oblique direction, which is
a great disadvantage since it strains the working parts and increases the labour
required to work the cart.
To remedy all these defects we dispense with the long wooden roller or barrels
and also with two of the chains for turning over and bringing back the body of
the cart to its normal position, and instead thereof, we adapt to the shafts a light
frame of wood or iron secured to the shafts by rivetting or otherwise, and extending
rearwards to enclose the axle of the carrying wheels, and at or near one end of a
short horizontal axle or shaft mounted to rotate in bearings in the said frame, we
key a chain wheel or chain lock sheave, with which a single chain attached to the
body of the cart, engages. The chain may be thereby simply pulled in one direction
or the other, and will not be wound up and unduly add to the load on the draught
animal.
Our improvements will be understood on reference to the accompanying Drawing,
in which Fig: 1 is a side elevation, and Fig: 2 a plan view, of a mud or mortar
cart with our Invention applied thereto.
A is the body of the cart, mounted to swing around or with the axle of the
carrying wheels B B. C is the light frame of angle iron bolted to the shafts D. D.
and having side stays or braces extending rearwards to embrace the axle between
the body A and the carrying wheels B. B, an arrangement by which great strength
and lightness are secured
Mounted to rotate in bearings c. c on the light frame C. is a short horizontal
shaft E, to which is keyed a chain wheel F. This chain wheel is situate in front
and preferably exactly midway of the body of the cart, and engages with a chain G,

page_text: the ends of which are attached to the front and rear of the tipping body at points
midway of its breadth or in direct line with the chain wheel.
c. is a spur wheel keyed on the shaft E and in gear with a pinion e'. on a second
short axlo E' also mounted to rotate in bearings on the frame C.-H is a winch
handle I is a notched or ratchet wheel adapted to receive a pawl K hinged to
the frame C at the point . and hold the body locked in any required position.
On rotating the pinion e'. by means of the winch handle, the chain wheel F will be
caused to rotate taking over the chain G with a steady direct pull in one direction
or the other, either to "tumblo" the body, or restore it to its normal position. The
body A is so hung on the axle of the carrying wheels that it is nearly balanced,
and may be rotated or swung over very easily through the chain and chain wheel.
Two light wrought iron bracket arms Laro attached to the front of the cart body
and rest on the rear bar of the light frame carrying the gearing above described.--
The lower ends of these brackets arms are forked or slit and engage with and beneath
a short removable cross bar passed through a holo or holes in small lugs or standards
fixed to the frame, by which, or equivalent, means the further motion of tho cart
body, when it has reached its normal position, is arrested.
By the above described construction and arrangement of tumbler cart, about
five stones weight is taken off the shafts, and the durability and efficiency of the
cart are increased, the body of the cart being turned over with a direct pull and
much more easily and steadily than by any other method hitherto adopted. All
Budden jerks or strains are avoided and the cost of keeping in repair carts fitted
with the above improvements will be very considerably diminished.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention of "Improvements in
the construction of Carts for the reception and discharge of mud, mortar and
similar semi-solid and other substances," and explained in what manner the same
may be carried into practical effect, we wish it to be understood that We claim :-
The means above described for imparting an axial motion in opposite directions to
the bodies of "tumbler" carts, whereby not only is the tipping mechanism simplified,
but the weight upon the shafts is materially diminished.
In witness whereof I the said John Ross have hereunto set my hand and
seal the thirteenth day of July in the year of our Lord Ono thousand eight
hundred and eighty three.
JOHN DOSS