Improvements in the Construction of Gas Engines.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Oct., 1886.
Specification Accepted, 26th Apr., 1887.
[Communicated from abroad by PETER MURRAY, Junior, of Newark, in the State of
New Jersey, United States of America, Engineer.]
Improvements in the Construction of Gas Engines.
I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
--
This invention relates to gas engines in which the power is obtained by the
explosion of a mixture of gas and air in the cylinder of the engine, and particularly to
that class of engines in which the explosive mixture is supplied to the engine by a
pump, and in which the mixture is confined in the cylinder of the engine under a
considerable degree of pressure previous to being exploded.
To aid in a more ready understanding of the invention, and of the details in the
construction and organization of the engine to be hereinafter described, a brief
description of the general organization and operation of the engine will be first
given.
The air and gas which form the explosive mixture are first admitted in suitable
proportions into a chamber containing a mixing apparatus. This chamber is
connected by a pipe with the suction chamber of a double acting force pump
which operates to draw the air and gas through the mixing apparatus, so as to form
these two fluids into a homogeneous mixture, and then force the mixture thus formed
into the opposite ends of the power cylinder. The pipe or passage leading from the
force chamber of the pump to the power cylinder also communicates with a tank or
reservoir, and is provided with a cock or valve by which the communication between
the tank and the pipe may be opened or closed at pleasure.
The power cylinder is provided with an induction chamber, the outlet of which is
controlled by a reciprocating charging and firing valve, which is operated from an
excentric upon the main shaft of the engine, and is provided with two firing chambers,
which are so arranged that as the valve is reciprocated, communication is established

page_text: through them between the induction chamber and the induction ports at the opposite
ends of the power cylinder. This valve also operates to close the induction ports at
the proper time to confine the charges in the power cylinder, so that they will be
compressed by the power piston previous to being exploded. The power cylinder is
provided with a single exhaust opening, which is located at or near the middle of the
length of the cylinder, and in such position as to be uncovered by the power piston as
it arrives at the end of its stroke in either direction. The exhaust opening is provided
with an exhaust pipe which communicates with a chamber containing a quantity of
water, which operates to condense the products of combustion, and thus aid in
exhausting these products from the cylinder. The movements of the power piston,
and the charging and firing valve which controls the induction ports, arc so timed with
relation to each other, that the induction port at either end of the cylinder is opened
to admit the charge to that end of the cylinder just before, or just as, the power piston
completes its stroke toward the opposite end of the cylinder, and is closed to confine
the charge in the cylinder just after the power piston commences its return stroke and
has covered the exhaust opening, thereby allowing the charge to be compressed by the
return stroke of the piston. The movement of the pump piston is so timed with
relation to the movement of the valve that it will complete its stroke in either direction,
by which the charge is forced into the cylinder, simultaneously with or just after tho
closing of the induction port by the valve.
The charges thus forced into the power cylinder, and confined and compressed
therein, are fired at the proper time by means of stationary igniting burners, which
are brought into communication with the explosive mixture contained in the firing
chambers, by the movement of the valve after the induction ports are closed, thus
exploding the mixture in said chambers, and communicating the flame resulting
therefrom to the charges in the power cylinder past suitable check valves. The
igniting burners are fed from the charges in the power cylinder through suitable ducts
formed in the valve and the walls of the valves chest, and are relit after each charge
has been fired by permanent burners or masterlights located in the side of the valve
chest.
The power cylinder is provided with two air ports or openings, which are controlled
by suitable valves, and are so arranged that after each charge is fired, and after the
power piston has made a part of its stroke, a quantity of air is admitted to the cylinder
behind the piston, so as to hasten the complete combustion of the charge, and prevent
the flame from lingering in the cylinder so long as to cause a premature explosion of
the next charge as it is admitted.
The engine is provided with a governor apparatus which operates, if the speed of
the engine is accelerated beyond what is desirable, to reduce the volume of the charges
forced into the power cylinder, and thus bring the engine back to its normal speed.
The engine is also provided with means by which the flame resulting from the
explosion of the charge upon one side of the piston, is prevented from being forced
past the piston so as to be communicated to the charge undergoing compression upon
the other side of the piston. The engine may also be provided with means by which a
quantity of air is allowed to enter the power cylinder in advance of each charge,
thereby aiding in expelling the products remaining in the cylinder from the last
explosion, and also with means by which a small quantity of steam may be admitted to
the power cylinder to aid in expelling the products resulting from the explosion of the
charges.
The engine is also provided with a novel apparatus for lubricating the power piston
and the charging and firing valve.
The invention consists principally in the organization or relative arrangement of the
pump and
power pistons and the charging and firing valve; in the construction of the
charging and firing valve, and in means for supplying air to the power cylinder, to
hasten the complete combustion of the charges. The invention also embraces various
other features of construction and combinations of parts, all of which will be hereinafter
described and pointed out.
The details in the construction and operation of the organization thus briefly

page_text: They will LOW
which-
De described, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the engine.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same, certain parts being shown in plan view,
and the pump piston being shown at the end of its stroke, and the other parts in
corresponding positions.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the power and pump cylinders, their immediate connections,
and a portion of the engine frame.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section of the power cylinder, and a portion of the
engine frame, showing also the apparatus for introducing air into the cylinder after
the explosion of the charge takes place.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a part of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a vertical cross section of the pump and power cylinders, taken upon the
line of Figs. 2 and 3.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged irregular horizontal section of the pump and power cylinders,
the charging and firing valve, and the igniting burners, the same being taken on the
line y y of Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12, showing the parts in the position they will occupy
when the inner end of the power cylinder is receiving a charge of the explosivo
mixture, and at the time or immediately after the charge is fired in the outer end of
the cylinder.
Fig. 8 is a similar view, showing the parts in the position they will occupy at the
time the power piston has reached the end of its inward stroke, having compressed
the charge received in the inner end of the cylinder, and immediately previous to the
movement of the charging and firing valve to fire said charge.
Fig. 9 is an irregular cross section taken upon the line xx of Fig. 7.
Fig. 10 is a like view taken upon the line aa of Fig. 8.
Fig. 11 is an elevation of the charging and firing valve and power cylinder, the
valve covering plates being removed, and the valve in the position shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 12 is an elevation of the power cylinder, the valve being removed so as to
expose its seat and the induction chamber and ports.
Fig. 13 is an elevation of the inner side of the charging and firing valve, showing it
removed from its seat, and its upper side downward.
Fig. 14 is an inside view of the covering plate for the inner end of the charging and
firing valve, showing the ports and passages communicating with the igniting burner.
Fig. 15 is a like view of the covering plate for the outer end of said valve.
Fig. 16 is a vertical section upon an enlarged scale, taken upon the line o o of
Fig. 3, showing the construction of the igniting burner.
Fig. 17 is a horizontal section upon a like scale, taken upon the line x x of Fig. 16.
Fig. 18 is an enlarged plan view of the pump cylinder, showing particularly a
portion of the governor apparatus.
Fig. 19 is a longitudinal vortical section of the same, taken upon the line x x of
Figs. 18 and 20.
Fig. 20 is a vertical cross section, taken upon the line ww of Figs. 18, 19, 22, 23,
and 24.
Fig. 21 is a like view upon a reduced scale, taken upon the line z z of Figs. 2 and 22.
Fig. 22 is a horizontal section taken upon the line y y of Figs. 19 and 20, looking
upward.
Fig. 23 is a like view, taken upon the same line, looking downward.
Fig. 24 is a like view taken upon the line z z of the same Figures, looking
downward.
Fig. 25 is a horizontal section taken upon the line w w of Fig. 20.
Fig. 26 is a vertical section, upon an enlarged scale, of the mixing apparatus.
Fig. 27 is a horizontal section of the same, taken upon the line of Fig. 26.
Fig. 28 is an enlarged vertical section of the governor, taken upon the line v v of
Figs. 2 and 29; and
Fig. 29 is a vertical cross section of the same, taken upon the line w w of Fig. 28..

page_text: Fig. 30 and 31 are views similar to Figs. 7 and 8, illustrating a slightly modified
organization, which will be hereinafter referred to.
Referring to said drawings, it is to be understood that the power-cylinder 99 is
arranged in a horizontal position upon a suitable frame-work A, which, at a proper
distance in front of the cylinder, is provided with bearings for the main crank
shaft 102. The power piston 98 is provided with the usual piston rod 97, which
passes through a stuffing box in the end of the cylinder, and is connected to the main
crank 100 by means of a pitman 103. The piston rod and pitman are provided, at
their point of connection, with the usual cross head 105, which reciprocates between
bearings 106 formed in the frame-work.
In the organization herein shown, the charges of the explosive mixture, instead of
being drawn into the power cylinder by the piston 98, are forced into each end of the
cylinder after the piston has nearly completed its stroke toward the opposite end, and
just as it is commencing its return stroke, thereby allowing the charges to be
compressed in the cylinder to a considerable degree by the return stroke of the
piston. The supplying of the charges to the power cylinder is effected by means of a
double acting pump 96, which is located at the side of the power cylinder, and has its
piston 95 connected by a rod 94 and pitman 104, with a second crank 101, upon the
main shaft 102, the point of connection between the piston rod 94 and the pitman
being provided with a crosshead 107, which moves between bearings 108 in the
frame-work, the same as in the case of the piston rod 97, and its pitman. The
cranks 100, 101, are so positioned, that the pump piston will complete its stroke, and
thus complete the forcing of the charge into the power cylinder, just after the power
piston has commenced its stroke toward the end of the cylinder into which the charge
is being forced. The purpose of this relative arrangement of the two pistons will
more fully appear when the operation of the engine is explained.
In order to effect the rapid and complete combustion of the explosive mixture in
the cylinder of the engine, which must be accomplished in order to secure the best
results, it is important that the air and gas which form the mixture should be
thoroughly commingled before they enter the cylinder. This is effected by means of
a mixing apparatus, through which the air and gas are drawn as they enter the pump.
This apparatus, as herein shown, consists of a chamber 93 (see Figs. 2, 26 and 27)
having a partition 51, which is provided with a large number of small perforations
through which the air and gas are drawn, and which serves to divide these fluids into
a large number of small streams, and thus thoroughly agitate and mix them. The
chamber 93 is provided, upon one side of the partition 51, with two openings 30, 31,
through which the gas and air are admitted to the chamber, the proper proportions of
these fluids being regulated by cocks or valves 32, 33, which control the openings.
These openings are also controlled by an inwardly opening check valve 34, which
prevents the escape of any of the mixture from the chamber through the air opening.
The chamber 93 is connected upon the side of the partition 51 opposite to the
openings 30, 31, by a pipe 92, with the suction chamber 52 (see Figs. 19, 20, 22, 23
and 24,) of the pump 96. The pump 96 is provided with ordinary suction valves 20,
which control the communication between the suction chamber and two chambers 54
located at opposite ends of the pump, and which communicate with the pump cylinder
by means of ports 10. The chambers 54 communicate by ports 11 with two
chambers 55, which in turn communicate with the force chamber 53, the passage
between the chambers 55 and the force chamber being controlled by ordinary force
valves 21. The force chamber 53 of the pump communicates, by means of a pipe or
passage 56 (see Figs. 21 22, 6, 11, 12, 7, 8 and 2), with what may be termed a small
induction-chamber 35, located in the side of the power cylinder, at or about the middle
of its length. As shown in the present case, the passage 56 is formed in the frame-
work A, and the wall of the power cylinder, but it may of course be an independent
pipe, if preferred. The passage 56 communicates (see Figs. 4 and 6) with a tank or
reservoir 91, which, as shown in the present case, is formed in the base of the frame
work A, though, of course, it may be independent of the frame work. The passage 56,

page_text: at the point where it communicates with the tank 91, is provided with a three-way
cock or valve 36, the purpose of which will be hereinafter explained.
The cylinder of the pump is of such size with relation to the power cylinder, that
the amount of the explosive mixture which is drawn into the pump upon each stroke,
is just sufficient to forin one charge for the power cylinder, when the engine is running
under its ordinary working conditions.
The power cylinder 99 is provided with a single exhaust opening 29 (see Figs. 2, 4,
7 and 8), consisting of one or more ports, which is or are located at or near the
middle of the length of the cylinder, and in such position as to be uncovered by the
power piston as it arrives at the end of its stroke in each direction. The exhaust
opening 29. is provided with an exhaust pipe 90 (see Fig. 4), which opens into a
condensing chamber 89, from which a chimney pipe 88 conducts the exhaust products
to the open air. The condensing chamber 89 is supplied with water, which acts to
take up more or less of the heat of the exhaust products, so as to partially condenso
them, and thus aid in exhausting the cylinder. The chamber 89 and the water
therein also perform another important function, in that they serve to very materially
reduce the noise caused by the exhaust, which sometimes is so great as to be
objectionable.
The chamber 89 may be supplied with water in any convenient manner, but, as here
shown, the water which is supplied through the pipe 87 (see Fig. 4) to the usual
water spaces 37 of the power cylinder, after circulating through these spaces, passes
through an opening 12 (see Fig. 4) into a trough 38 formed on the inner ends of the
pump and power cylinders, where it serves to keep the piston rods 94, 97 cooled, after
which it flows through a pipe 39 (see Fig. 1) to the chamber 89, from which chamber
it is drawn by a waste pipe 40. By this means a constant flow of water is maintained
through the spaces 37, trough 38, and chamber 89, in a very simple manner. It will
be observed that the waste pipe 40 is so positioned that the water is not permitted
to rise in the chamber 89 to a sufficient height to close or submerge the end of
the exhaust pipe 90. The constant flow of the water through the chamber 89, produced
either in the manner just stated, or in any other suitable manner, is also important, as
it serves to carry away the non-gaseous products exhausted from the cylinder, which
would otherwise accumulate in the chamber.
The power cylinder is provided at its opposite ends with induction ports 13, which
open outward through the wall of the cylinder, and the chamber 35 is provided with
a port 14, which also opens outward. The side of the cylinder through which the
ports 13, 14 open, is provided with projecting portions 86, which form chests or seats
for the reciprocating charging and firing valve 41, which is held to its seat by covering
plates 42, and is operated by a valve rod 109, the end of which is connected to a
stud extending from a rock arm 135, which is pivoted to the framework, and is
provided with a second stud, which engages with a recess formed in a rod 136, which
receives motion from an excentric 110 on the main shaft 102. The valve 41 is provided
with two firing chambers 15, which open through the inner face of the valve, and are
of such extent, and are located in such position, that as the valve is reciprocated, they
establish communication between the ports 13, 14 at the opposite ends of the cylinder
alternately, thereby establishing communication between the chamber 35 and the
cylinder, and permitting the charge forced out of the pump to pass into one end or
the other of the cylinder, depending upon the position of the valve. As hereinbefore
stated, the movements of the pump and power pistons and the charging and firing valve,
are so timed with relation to each other, that communication is established between the
ports 13, 14, or in other words, between the chamber 35 and either end of the power
cylinder, just before the power piston has completed its stroke toward the opposite end
of the cylinder, and after it has partly uncovered the exhaust opening, and that com-
munication will be again cut off between the ports 13, 14 just after the power piston
has commenced its return stroke and covered the exhaust opening, and that the pump
piston will complete its stroke simultaneously with the cutting off of communication
between the ports 13, 14 by the valve. From this it results that before the
ports 13, 14 are brought into communication, the pump has already made a large part

page_text: of its stroke, and has compressed a considerable part of the charge into the tank 91,
and the passage 56 and chamber 35, or the passage and chamber alone, depending
upon the position of the cock 36, so that as soon as the ports 13, 14 are brought into
communication, the charge thus compressed at once expands and rushes into the
cylinder, thereby quickly expelling the products remaining from the explosion of the
last charge through the exhaust opening. After this, the pump completes its stroke,
and forces the remainder of the charge into the cylinder, and simultaneously with the
completion of the stroke of the pump, the power piston covers the exhaust opening,
and the valve cuts off communication between the poris 13, 14, thereby confining the
charge in the cylinder, where it will be compressed by the power piston during the
remainder of its return stroke, after which, as the piston arrives at the end of its
return stroke, and is about to commence its next forward stroke, the charge is
exploded.
The firing of the charge thus compressed in the power cylinder is effected as
follows:- Each of the chambers 15 of the valve 41 is provided with a lateral port 3
(see Figs. 7, 8, 10 and 13), which opens inward toward the cylinder, and is so
positioned, that, as the power piston arrives at the end of its stroke in either direction,
and is ready to commence its return stroke, communication will be established
between the chamber 15 at that end of the valve, and the end of the cylinder in which
the charge is compressed. The chambers 15 are also provided with lateral ports 23
(see Figs. 7-8, 10, 11 and 13), which are so positioned that at the same time the
port 3 is brought into communication with the port 13 at either end of the cylinder,
the port 23 at the corresponding end of the valve will be brought into communication
with a recess 22 in the covering plate 42, at that end of the valve in which is located
an igniting burner 44, so that the flame of said burner will be communicated to the
mixture confined in the chamber 15, and thence through the port 3 to the charge
confined in the cylinder. The ports 3 are provided with valves 2, which open
inwardly so as to permit the flame produced by the explosions in the chambers 15 to
be communicated inward to the charge in the cylinder, but immediately close, so as to
prevent the escape of any of the products resulting from the explosion of the charges
in the cylinder.
The igniting burners 44 are exact duplicates, each consisting of a cap-shaped
body 19 (see Figs. 16 and 17), having a tubular stem, which is secured in the bottom
of the recess in which the burner is located. The body 19 is provided with a tubular
plug, having a bell shaped flange 18, which is located inside the body, and a short
distance from its bottom. The plug is provided below the flange with a number of
lateral openings 5, through which the mixture to supply the burner passes, so as to
emerge around the edge of the flange 18, and form an annular flame. By making the
burner of this form, a very large surface of flame is produced through the consumption
of a comparatively small amount of the explosive mixture; and by locating this
burner in the bottom of the cap shaped body 19, the mixture, in coming in contact
with the flame, to be ignited, must pass downward into the cup, so that the flame is
protected from being extinguished by the force of the current of the mixture issuing
through the ports 23. By adjusting the position of the plug carrying the flange 18,
the openings 5 can be closed to a greater or less extent, so as to vary the amount of
the mixture supplied to the burner, and thus regulate the size of the flame.
The igniting burners are fed froin the mixture in the chambers 15 as follows:-The
stems of the burners are provided with laterally extending ducts 6 (see Figs. 16
and 17), which bend inwardly, and open into vertical channels 7 (see Figs. 14 and 15)
formed in the inner faces of the plates 42, which channels bend horizontally in such
position as to communicate with ducts 8 (see Figs. 7, 8 and 10), which pass downward
from the ports 23, and bent outward so as to open through the outer face of the valve
against the covering plates 42 in line with the horizontal portions of the channels 7.
In addition to the ducts and channels just mentioned, the plates 42 are provided
with (just beneath the recesses 22) transverse ports 45 (see Figs. 9 and 10), the
purpose of which, as well as of the ducts and channels just mentioned, will more fully
appear when the operation of the engine is described.

page_text: The igniting burners just described are not kept permanently lighted, but are
extinguished at or just after the explosion of each charge, and are again relighted just
before the time for the next explosion.
The re-lighting of these burners is effected by means of permanent burners or
master-lights 57, which are located in recesses 58 just at the sides of the burners 44,
and are fed through pipes 113 from a permanent source of supply. These master-
lights are provided with the usual chimneys 114 to secure proper draught.
The valve 41 is provided upon its outer face with two recesses 77, which are so
positioned, that while the charge is being admitted to the cylinder, the recesses in which
the permanent and igniting burners are located will be brought into communication
with each other and with the port 45 beneath the igniting burner as shown in
Figs. 7, 8 and 9. When the parts are in this position, the heat generated by the
permanent burner will cause a current of air to be drawn through the port beneath the
igniting burner and the recess in the valve to the recess in which the permanent burner
is located, and this will cause the explosive mixture, which is at the same time being
fed to the recess in which the igniting burner is located, to be carried to the
permanent burner, and thus communicate the flame backward to the igniting burner.
After the igniting burner, at either end of the valve, has been thus lit, and before the
valve arrives in position to fire the charge, communication between the permanent and
igniting burner will be cut off, so that the explosion of the charge will not have the
effect of extinguishing the permanent burner; all of which will more fully appear
when the operation of the engine is explained.
The valve 41 is also provided with suitable cavities 119, having ports 16 (see Figs. 7
and 8), which are located in the opposite ends of the valves, and are so positioned,
that as the valve reaches the limit of its movement in each direction, they will
respectively come into communication with corresponding ports 17 in the opposite
ends of the cylinder, and thus permit a small amount of water to pass from the
spaces 37 into the cavities 119 of the valve, where it will be converted into steam by the
heat caused by the explosions in the chambers 15. The ports 16 are so positioned,
that as the valve commences its stroke in either direction, they will respectively come
opposite the ports 13, and thus permit the steam generated in the cavities 119, to pass
into the power cylinder, and aid in expelling the products of combustion therefrom,
and also serve to lubricate the interior of the cylinder.
By reference to Figs. 11, 12, and 13, it will be seen that the ends of the chambers 15
which come into communication with the induction ports 13, are of less extent
vertically than said ports, and that the ports 16, 17 of the cavities 119 and water
spaces 37, are located higher than the upper edges of said ends of said ducts, so that
although the water is permitted to pass from the ports 17 into the ports 16, it is not
permitted to pass from said first ports into the chambers 15 as the valve reciprocates.
The operation of the organization thus far described is as follows:-For the purpose
of this description, it will be assumed that the engine is in operation, and that a charge
has just been exploded in the outer or left hand end of the power cylinder, so as to
start the power piston upon its inward stroke. At the time this takes place, the
charging and firing valve will be at the limit of its stroke outward, or toward the left;
the igniting burner at the outer or left hand end of the valve will be in communication
with the port 23 at that end of the valve, the port 3 at that end of the valve will be in
communication with the induction port 13 at that end of the cylinder, and the port 16
will be in communication with the port 17, so as to allow water to pass into the
cavity 119. The firing chamber 15, at the opposite end of the valve, will be in position
to establish communication between the chamber 35 and the induction port 13 at that
end of the cylinder; the recesses 77 at that end of the valve will be in position to
establish communication between the igniting burner and the masterlight, and the
pump piston will be approaching the end of its stroke inward, or toward the right, all
as shown in Fig. 7.
Immediately after the power piston commences its stroke inward, the charging and
firing valve will commence its stroke in the same direction, so that by the time the
power piston has covered the exhaust opening 29, the valve will have arrived in position

page_text: to close the induction port 13 at the inner end of the cylinder, and confine the
charge in front of the advancing piston; and at the same time, or immediately after
the pump piston will arrive at the limit of its inward stroke, and the valve will cut
off communication between the chamber 15 and the chamber 35, as shown in Fig. 2,
thereby entrapping a quantity of explosive mixture in the firing chamber 15 at the
inner end of the valve.
During this time, a part of the mixture passing through the chamber 15 will be
forced through the duct 8, channel 7, duct 6, and openings 5, into the recess 22,
containing the igniting burner 44 at the inner end of the valve. The recess 77 at that
end of the valve being at this time in position to establish communication between the
master-light and the recess containing the igniting burner, the upward draught formed
through the chimney 114 by the master-light, will, cause a current of air to pass
inward through the port 45 and recess 77 to the recess 58 containing the master-
light, and this inward. current will carry the explosive mixture from the recess 22
around through the recess 77 into contact with the master-light, so that the flame will
be communicated back into the recess 22, and the igniting burner will be lighted.
After the igniting burner has been thus lighted, it will continue to be fed from the
mixture confined in the chamber 15. After the induction port 13 has been closed,
the power piston will proceed upon and complete its inward stroke, compressing the
charge in front of it, and the valve will proceed upon its stroke in the same direction.
As the valve proceeds upon its stroke, communication will be cut off between the
igniting burner and the master-light, as shown in Fig. 8, and as the power piston
completes its stroke, and is ready to commence its stroke in the opposite direction, the
valve will also complete its inward stroke, thereby bringing the port 3 into communi-
cation with the port 13, and the port 23 into communication with the recess containing
the igniting burner. When the parts are in this position, the valve and piston will be
moved inward slightly from the position shown in Fig. 8. As soon as this takes
place, the mixture confined in the firing chamber 15 will be exploded by the flame of
the igniting burner, and the flame resulting from this explosion will lift the valve 2
so as to allow the flame to be communicated to the charge in the cylinder to explode
it. As soon as the explosion takes place, the pressure in the cylinder will at once close
the valve 2, and thus prevent the escape of any of the products.
It will be observed that at the time the charge is thus fired, communication is cut
off between the master-light and igniting burner, so that there is no danger of extin-
guishing the master-light. And it will also be observed, that the ports 16, 17 are
in communication, so that a quantity of water will be allowed to pass into the
cavity 119.
After the power piston has covered the exhaust opening 29, and while it is pro-
ceeding upon its inward stroke, compressing the charge as already stated, the pump
piston will proceed upon its stroke in the opposite direction, thereby compressing
a charge into the tank 91, passage 56, and chamber 35, or into the passage and chamber
alone, depending upon the position of the cock 36, and by the time the power piston
has proceeded sufficiently upon its stroke to uncover the exhaust opening, the port 16
at the outer end of the valve 41, will, by the movement of the valve, be brought into
communication with the induction port 13 at the outer end of the cylinder, thereby
allowing any steam generated in the cavity 119 to expand into the cylinder, and
aid in expelling the products left in the cylinder from the last explosion; and shortly
after this, the continued movement of the valve will bring the chamber 15, at the outer
end of the valve, into communication with the ports 13, 14, as shown in Fig. 8,
thereby allowing the charge to pass into the chamber 15 and the cylinder, in doing
which, it will drive out, through the exhaust opening, all the products remaining in
the cylinder from the last explosion. At the same time that this takes place, the
master-light and the igniting burner at the outer end of the valve will be brought
into communication, as shown in Fig. 8, so that the igniting burner will be lighted
in the same manner as already described in connection with the burner at the opposite
end of the valve.
After the charge has been fired in the inner end of the cylinder, as already described,

page_text: the power piston will proceed upon and make its outward stroke, and the charge wil
be confined, compressed and fired in the outer end of cylinder, and the products
remaining from the last explosion will be exhausted from, and a fresh charge
introduced into the inner end of the cylinder, the same as already described.
It will be observed from the foregoing, that as soon as the valve 41 has moved to such
position as to cut off communication between the chambers 15 and the port 14, the
igniting burners will commence to be fed with the mixture at a constantly decreasing
pressure, due to the fact that the burners are fed from the mixture confined in the
chambers 15, and that the quantity of the mixture so confined in said chambers is
being constantly reduced in supplying the burners. From this it results, that the
flame of the igniting burners grows smaller quite rapidly, so that by the time the
valve 41 has cut off communication between the recesses 22 and the ports 45, so that
no air is supplied to the burners to support combustion, the flame will have become so
small, that the air confined in the recesses 22 will keep the flame alive, even though
the valve moves quite slowly, until the ports 23 are brought opposite the recesses,
so as to permit the mixture in the chambers 15 to pass to the front of the burners, and
be exploded. This is a feature of considerable importance, as in starting the engine,
the valve will usually be moved quite slowly, so that considerable time will elapse
between the cutting off of communication between the recesses 22 and the ports 45,
and the bringing of said recesses into communication with the ports 23, and were it not
for this feature, the flames of the burners would be liable to become smothered before the
valve arrived in position to fire the mixture in the chamber 15. It will also be
observed, that at the time this explosion takes place, the mixture is supplied to the
front and rear of the igniting burners at the same pressure, so that all danger of
extinguishing the flame of the burners, even though it is very small, is entirely
obviated.
It will also be observed, that immediately after each charge is fired, the induction
port 13, at that end of the cylinder, becomes closed by the solid part of the valve, and
remains closed until after the power piston has passed the middle of its stroke,
and opened the exhaust port of the cylinder. This is a feature of considerable
importance, as by this means all danger of a tardy explosion is prevented, in case of
failure to explode the charge at the proper time, as all communication between the
igniting burner is cut off as soon as the ports pass the ports 13.
as
In order to stop the engine, it is only necessary to close the cocks or valves which
control the air and gas openings 30, 31, or even the cock or valve that controls the
gas opening. To start the engine, it is only necessary to open the air and gas
openings, light the master-lights, and turn the fly wheel until two or three charges
have been forced into and exploded in the cylinder. If it is desired that the pump
shall compress the charge to a considerable extent before the charging and firing
valve establishes communication between the ports 13, 14, so that as soon
communication is established between these ports, the charge will expand into the
cylinder with considerable force, and thus expel the products remaining from
the explosion of the last charge very quickly, and cock 36 will be moved so as to cut
off communication between the tank 91 and the passage 56, and thus cause the pump
to compress the charge into the passage 56 and the chamber 35 alone. If, on the
other hand, such a degree of compression is not desired or found necessary in any
particular case, the cock 36 will be moved so as to open communication between the
tank and the passage 56, and thus allow the pump to compress the charge into the
tank, as well as the passage 56 and chamber 35. This will remove a part of
the labour from the pump, but it will cause the cylinder to be exhausted more slowly.
The engine may also be stopped by turning the cock 36 to such position that the
explosive mixture will enter the tank 91, but will not be allow to pass to the
cylinder; the momentum of the engine in slowing down and coming to rest will in
such case cause the piston of the pump to make several strokes, so as to force several
charges of the explosive mixture into the tank. When this is done, it is only
necessary, in order to start the engine, to light the master-lights, turn the cock 36 into
position to admit the mixture from the tank 91 to the induction chamber 35, and
12

page_text: move the valve 41 by hand, which can readily be done by disconnecting the rod 136
from the rock arm 135, until one or two charges have been admitted to, and fired in
the cylinder, and the engine has attained a small degree of speed.
From what has been said, it will be seen that in closing and opening the exhaust
opening, the power piston performs the function of a piston valve; it is therefore to
be understood that the exhaust opening or openings may be controlled by an
independent valve, without wholly departing from the invention.
In operating those gas engines in which a charge is introduced into and fired in the
cylinder at each stroke of the piston, and particularly when the engine is run at high
speed, it has been found that even when the charge is fired at the proper time, it will
sometimes burn so slowly that the flame caused by the explosion of one charge will
not have time to entirely die out, before the next charge is admitted, and thus the
incoming charge will be prematurely exploded. In order to avoid this, and to hasten
the complete combustion of the charges after they are fired, a quantity of air is
introduced into the power cylinder behind the piston, after the piston has made a part
of its stroke, which air, mingling with the burning charge, will hasten its complete
combustion, and thus cause the flame in the cylinder to die out more quickly.
To effect this, each end of the power cylinder is provided with an air port or
passage 24 (see Figs. 4 and 5), which opens into the cylinder in such position as to be
uncovered by the power piston after it has made a part of its stroke, and somewhat
before the exhaust opening is uncovered. These air ports 24 communicate with small
air chambers 46, having ports 9, which open to the air, and are controlled by inwardly
opening check valves 25.
The operation of this air introducing apparatus is as follows:-As soon as the
power piston, making its stroke in either direction, uncovers the exhaust opening, the
products resulting from the last explosion will rush out through the exhaust opening,
and this will cause a partial vacuum to be formed in the chamber 46, whereupon the
air upon the outside will raise the valve 25, and flow into and fill the chamber. As
the power piston makes its return stroke, the air which has passed into the chamber 46
together with a small quantity of the explosive mixture, which will be compressed into
the chamber and the port 24, will be entrapped therein by the piston when the latter
covers the port 24, and will remain therein until after the next charge has been fired
and the piston has proceeded far enough upon its stroke to uncover the port 24. As
soon, however, as the port 24 is uncovered, the air in the chamber 46 will mingle with
the burning charge, and thereby hasten its complete and perfect combustion, and as
500n as the piston uncovers the exhaust opening, the outrush of the products through
the exhaust opening will cause the chamber 46 to be again filled with air, as already
explained, and so the operation will continue to be repeated.
I would here remark that it is not intended to limit the claim to the precise apparatus
herein shown for effecting the introduction of the air into the power cylinder, as it
is manifest that the apparatus for this purpose may be varied greatly without
departing from the principle of the invention. The air, instead of being drawn into
the chambers 46 by the outrush of the products through the exhaust opening, may be
supplied to the chambers by a pump, or in any other suitable manner, and the ports 24,
instead of being controlled by the power piston, may be controlled by an independent
valve or valves. The power piston, so far as its function of controlling the ports 24
is concerned, is in effect, and is the equivalent of, a piston valve. It is also to be
remarked, that instead of using two of the air chambers 46, a single air chamber may
in some cases be used, and made to communicate with both of the ports 24.
The oil for properly lubricating the power piston and the charging and firing valve
is supplied from an oil chamber 47, which, as shown, is located between the chambers 46
(see figures 4 and 5). This chamber is supplied in any suitable manner, as from an
oil cup, which cominunicates with the opening 1, and is provided with a duct 26
which opens into the power cylinder in such position as to be covered by the power
piston, except for a short time at the end of each stroke, and also with two small
pipes 27 (see figures 1 and 3), which communicate with ducts formed in the
projections 86, which open downward on top of the charging and firing valve near

page_text: its opposite ends. The chamber 47 is provided with an oscillating valve 28, the stemi
of which is connected through a slotted arm 48 with a stud 43 projecting from the
valve 41. By means of this connection, the valve 28 is rocked or oscillated at each
reciprocation of the charging and firing valve, thereby uncovering the duct 26 and the
openings to the pipes 27 for a short time, and thus allowing a small amount of oil to
enter the duct and pipes, and flow to the power piston and the charging and firing
valve at each stroke of the engine. The parts are so timed that the duct 26 will be
covered by the valve 28 at those times when it is not covered by the power piston.
In operating engines of this class, wherein the charge of the explosive mixture is
admitted upon one side of the power piston, while said piston is being driven forward
by the explosion of the charge upon the other side, it has sometimes happened that the
flame from the charge just exploded behind the piston has been communicated past
the piston to the explosive mixture being admitted upon the opposite side. To avoid
this danger and difficulty, the power piston of the present organization is provided
with a circumferential groove or recess 79, and with means by which, just before each
explosion takes place, a quantity of water is allowed to flow into this groove, so as to
completely surround the piston with a water ring or packing, which will effectually
prevent the flame resulting from the explosion from forcing itself past the piston.
To effect this result, the cylinder is provided at its opposite ends with ports 80 (see
figure 5), which are in such position as to open into the groove 79 when the piston is
at the limit of its stroke in each direction, and which communicate with the two
branches of a pipe 81, which is filled with water from any convenient source (it may
be the same source as supplies the spaces 37). The two branches of the pipe 81 are
controlled by a valve or cock 82, having a slotted arm 115 (see figure 1), which is
connected to an extension of the arm 48 which operates the oiling valve. By means
of this connection, the cock 82 is so operated that as the piston arrives at the end of
its stroke in each direction, a quantity of water is allowed to pass through the
branch of the pipe 81 leading to that end of the cylinder and enter the groove 79 so
as to form a water ring or packing around the piston, which packing remains around
the piston as it moves forward on its return stroke, and thus prevents the possibility
of any flame being communicated past it to the opposite end of the cylinder until after
it has passed the exhaust openings. The water thus admitted to the cylinder will, at
each stroke of the piston, pass out through the exhaust openings and escape to the open air.
To prevent the undue heating of the piston rods, and consequent destruction of the
packing in the stuffing boxes in the ends of the cylinders through which the rods pass,
the ends of the cylinders are provided with a receptacle 38, which is kept filled with
water to such a height as to surround the piston rods, and thus keep them sufficiently
cool to prevent the destruction of the packing-To prevent the escape of the water
from the receptacle 38, the end of this receptacle is also provided with stuffing boxes
of the usual construction, through which the piston rods pass.
As the labour which the engine is called upon to perform is liable to vary
temporarily, it is desirable to provide a governing apparatus by which any undue
variation in speed, by reason of a sudden increase or decrease in the load upon the
engine, can be obviated. This may be effected in this class of engines, either by
varying the quantity of the explosive mixture supplied to the power cylinder at each
stroke of the pump, or by varying the quantity of gas which enters into said mixture,
and thus increasing or decreasing its strength or richness.-The former method has
been adopted in the present case, and for this purpose a governing apparatus is
provided, which is so arranged that when the speed of the engine becomes unduly
accelerated, a portion of the charge drawn into the pump at one stroke, instead of
being forced into the power cylinder at the next stroke, is simply transferred to the
opposite side of the pump piston.-To effect this, the pump cylinder is provided with
two ducts 83, 84, (see figures 18, 19 and 20), which lead from the opposite ends of
the cylinder, and open into a chamber 85 upon opposite sides of a nearly balanced
valve 49, having a spring 73, which acts to hold the valve closed when not acted on
by the governor, as will be hereinafter explained.-The stem 50 of the valve 49
extends out of the chamber 85, and is connected to one arm of a bell crank lever 59,

page_text: the other arm of which is connected to a rod 60, which in turn is connected to an arm
extending from a rock shaft 61 (see figure 3), having a weighted arm 62, which is
acted upon by a governing apparatus, which is so arranged that when the speed of
the engine increases beyond what is desirable, the valve 49 will be opened so as to
allow a part of the mixture to pass from one side to another of the pump piston, and
thus diminish the charges forced into the power cylinder.
This governing apparatus is constructed as follows:-The valve rod 109 is provided
with a plunger 63 (see figures 1, 2, 28 and 29); the opposite ends of which enter two
water cylinders 64, 65. These cylinders are provided with induction and eduction
ports 66, 67, which communicate with suction and force chambers 68, 69, which are
connected with induction and eduction pipes 70, 71, and are controlled by ordinary
ball valves 72. The induction and eduction pipes may be connected with the water
spaces in the power cylinder, so as to cause a circulation of water through said spaces,
or they may be connected with a tank or other suitable source of supply and
discharge. The force chamber 69 is provided with a diaphragm or partition 116,
which divides the chamber into two compartments, the upper of which opens directly
into the eduction pipe 71, while the lower communicates with the upper through two
ports or passages, one of which is controlled by a cock 117, and the other by a
valve 118, the stem of which engages with the weighted horizontal arm 62.-The
cock 117 will be so adjusted that, when the engine operating at its normal speed,
the amount of water drawn into either of the cylinders 64 or 65 at one stroke of the
plunger 63, can be ejected through the cock 117, and the port beneath the valve 118,
at the next stroke of said plunger, without offering sufficient resistance to raise
the valve 118 above its normal position.
When, however, the speed of the engine becomes accelerated beyond what is
desirable, the water drawn into the cylinders 64, 65 by the plunger will be forced into
the force chamber 69 so fast that in escaping it will raise the valve 118 above its
normal position, in doing which it will rock the arm 62, and consequently open the
valve 49, so as to allow a part of the mixture in the pump to pass from one side to
other of the piston, and thus reduce the charge forced into the power cylinder, and
decrease the power of the engine until the normal speed is again attained, when the
valve 118 will drop back to its normal position and allow the valve 49 to close.
In order to prevent the formation of a partial vacuum in the force chamber 69, said
chamber is provided with a cock 74, through which a small amount of air may be
allowed to enter said chamber when desired.-The induction and eduction pipes 70, 71
are provided with cocks 75, 76, and the suction and force chambers are connected by
a pipe 120, so that by closing said cocks, the water, instead of being drawn into the
governor through the pipe 70, and ejected therefrom through the pipe 71, may be
allowed to simply pass from the force chamber back to the suction chamber.-The
pipe 120 is provided with a valve 121, which of course will be removed when the
cocks 75, 76 are closed.-When it is not desired to so construct the governing
apparatus that the fluid can be allowed to pass from the force chamber back to the
suction chamber, the pipe 120 may be omitted altogether.-Instead of providing two
cylinders, as 64, 65, for the opposite ends of the plunger 63, a single cylinder may be
used, the plunger working through a partition or diaphragm in its middle, or instead
of using a plunger, an ordinary double acting piston may be used.-It is also to be
understood that whether a plunger or a piston is employed, it is not necessary that it
should be located upon the valve rod, as it may be upon the piston rod of the power
cylinder or of the pump, or upon an independent rod, which is connected to any
moving part of the engine, as for example the rock arm 135.
It is also to be understood that the rod 60, instead of being connected to a valve
which operates to vary the amount of the explosive mixtures forced into the power
cylinder, may be connected to the cock or valve 32 which controls the supply of gas
to the mixing apparatus, and thus the governing apparatus will control the speed of
the engine by varying the amount of gas admitted to each charge.
It is of course to be understood that any other liquid may be used in the governing
apparatus instead of water, or that air may be used instead of a liquid, or that the

page_text: valve 118 may be located upon the suction, instead of the force side of the pump.-It
will also be seen, that by a slight modification of the parts, the valve 118 may be
caused to act by the formation of a partial vacuum, instead of by the pressure of a
liquid or fluid.
The organization illustrated in Figures 30 and 31 is substantially the same as
already described, except that, in this case, the valve 41 is so timed that the firing
does not take place at the end of the stroke of the valve, and the valve is also provided
with means by which a quantity of air is forced into the power cylinder in advance
of the charge, so as to aid in expelling the products remaining from the explosion of
the last charge. In this case also, at the time the firing takes place in one end of the
cylinder, the induction port at the opposite end of the cylinder has not been opened to
admit a charge to that end of the cylinder, but is opened by the continued movement
of the valve directly after the firing takes place.
Referring particularly to figure 31, it will be seen that the power piston has just
commenced its inward stroke, and has covered the exhaust opening, and that the
chamber 15, at the inner end of the valve, is in communication with the ports 13, 14,
so that the charge is passing into the inner end of the cylinder. As the power piston
proceeds upon its stroke, the valve 41 will move in the same direction, thereby closing
the port 13, and entrapping a quantity of the mixture in the chamber 15, and as the
power piston completes its inward stroke and is ready to commence its return stroke,
the port 3 will be brought into communication with the port 13, and the port 23 into
cominunication with the recess 22, so as to fire the charge in the inner end of the
cylinder, as shown in figure 30.-As the power piston starts upon its return stroke,
the valve 41 will continue upon its inward stroke, thereby carrying the port 3
past the port 13, so as to bring the port 16, at the inner end of the valve, into
communication with the port 17, and at the same time carry the inner end of
the chamber 15 past the valve seat, and bring the outer end of said chamber into
communication with a vertical chamber 78, which opens up and down to the
air. This will allow a quantity of water to enter the cavity 119, as before
described, and will also allow the chamber 15 to be filled with air, as indicated at
the outer end of the cylinder in figure 31.-This continued movement of the
valve, to bring the chamber 15, at the inner end of the valve, into communication
with the channel 78, as just stated, will also bring the chamber 15, at the outer end of
the valve, into communication with the port 14, and the port 13 at the outer end of
the cylinder, so as to permit the charge to be forced into that end of the cylinder.-
Upon the return stroke of the valve, the port 16, at the inner end of the valve, will be
carried into communication with the port 13 at the inner end of the cylinder, thereby
allowing the steam to pass out of the cavity 119, to aid in expelling the products of
combustion from the cylinder, and as the valve arrives at the limit of its stroke in the
opposite direction, the chamber 15, at the inner end of the valve, will be brought into
communication with the port 14, and the port 13 at the inner end of the cylinder, so
as to admit a charge to that end of the cylinder, and the charge thus admitted, as it
passes through the chamber 15, will drive the air with which that chamber has been
filled into the cylinder in advance of the charge, so as to clean the cylinder of the
remaining products of combustion, and also prevent the premature explosion of the
charge, in case any flame should linger in the cylinder. When the valve is in this
position, the igniting burner at the inner end of the valve will be lit, as already
explained, and as the valve makes its next inward stroke, the charge will be confined
in the inner end of the cylinder, and exploded as already explained.
From this it will be seen that the organization just described is substantially the
same as that first described, except that the valve is made to perform the additional
function of introducing a quantity of air into the cylinder in advance of the charge, to
do which it is given the different movements which have just been described.
Although the engine herein shown is arranged horizontally, and is double acting, it
will readily be seen, that many or all parts of the invention may be applied to vertical
as well as horizontal engines, and to single as well as double-acting engines.—It will
also be seen that parts of the invention may be used without the whole.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me from abroad
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The combination with the power cylinder having its exhaust opening located in
position to be uncovered by the power piston as it arrives at the end of its stroke, of
a pump for forcing the charges of the explosive mixture into the power cylinder, the
pump piston being set in advance of the power piston, and arranged to complete
its stroke directly after the power piston has re-covered the exhaust opening,-substan-
tially as described.
2. The combination with the power cylinder and piston, of a pump for charging the
cylinder, having its piston arranged to complete its stroke in advance of the power
piston, and a positively actuated charging valve arranged to close the induction port
at, or substantially at the time that the pump completes its stroke, substantially as
described.
3. The combination with the power cylinder, having induction ports at its opposite
ends and an exhaust opening at its middle, of a pump for forcing the charges of the
explosive mixture directly into the power cylinder, the piston of the pump being
arranged to complete its stroke in advance of the power piston, directly after the
power piston has re-covered the exhaust opening, substantially as described.
4. The combination with the power cylinder, having induction ports at its opposite
ends, and an exhaust opening at its middle, of a pump for forcing the charges of
the explosive mixture directly into the power cylinder, the piston of the pump being
set in advance of the power piston, and a valve for closing the induction port at, or
substantially at the time the pump completes its stroke, substantially as described.
5. The combination with the power cylinder having an exhaust opening in position
to be uncovered by the power piston as it arrives at the end of its stroke, of a pump
for forcing the charges of the explosive mixture into the power cylinder, the piston
of the pump being set in advance of the power piston, and a valve for opening the
induction port after the pump piston has commenced its stroke, and for closing the
port at, or substantially at the time the pump piston completes its stroke, substantially
as described.
6. The combination with the power cylinder having an exhaust opening at its
middle, of a pump for charging the cylinder, the piston of said pump being set in
advance of the power piston, and a single valve arranged to open the induction port
after the pump piston has commenced its stroke, close said port at, or substantially
at the completion of the stroke of the pump piston, and fire the charge at, or after
the completion of the stroke of the power piston, substantially as described.
7. The combination with the power cylinder and stationary master lights and
igniting burners, of a single charging and firing valve provided with means for
admitting the charges to the cylinder, confining them therein, and for establishing
communication between the master lights and igniting burners, and establishing
communication between the latter and the charges to fire them, substantially as
described.
8. The combination with a stationary igniting burner, of a firing valve having a
firing chamber, which is filled with an explosive mixture, and communicates with
the power cylinder through a check valve, and is provided with a port through
which it is brought into communication with the igniting burner by the movement
of the valve at the proper time to fire the charge, substantially as described.
9. The combination with the power cylinder and an igniting burner for firing the
charges in the cylinder, of a valve having a firing chamber through which the
explosive mixture passes in entering the cylinder, and in which a portion of the
mixture is confined when the induction port is closed, a port controlled by a check
valve which communicates with the chamber and cylinder, and a port which is
brought into communication with the igniting burner by the movement of the valve,
substantially as described.
10. The combination with the power cylinder and an igniting burner for firing

page_text: the charges in the cylinder, of a valve having a firing chamber through which the
explosive mixture passes in entering the cylinder, and in which a portion of the
mixture is confined when the induction port is closed; a port controlled by a check
valve which communicates with the chamber and cylinder; a port which is brought
into communication with the igniting burner by the movement of the valve; and
means by which the igniting burner is fed from the mixture confined in the chamber
until the firing takes place, substantially as described.
11. The combination with the power cylinder and stationary permanent and igniting
burners, of a firing valve constructed and operated to establish communication
between the permanent and igniting burners to light the latter, and to then establish
communication between the igniting burner and the charge to fire it, and a check
valve for closing the firing port as soon as the charge is fired, substantially as
described.
12. The means described for admitting a quantity of air into the cylinder of the
engine after the charge has been fired, and before the exhaust is opened, for the
purpose of hastening the combustion of the charges in the engine.
13. In a gas engine, the combination with a power cylinder, of means for supplying
a quantity of steam to the same in advance of the charge of the explosive mixture,
substantially as described.
14. In a gas engine, the combination with the power cylinder, of a valve having
a duct or chamber through which the explosive mixture passes in charging the
cylinder, and means by which said chamber is filled with air, previous to the passage
of each charge of the explosive mixture through the same, substantially as described.
15. The combination with the power piston having the circumferential groove or
recess 79, of a port or ports formed in the cylinder through which water is admitted
to said groove as the piston reciprocates, substantially as described.
16. In a gas engine, an igniting burner provided with a cup-shaped body 19,
arranged to surround and protect the flame, substantially as described.
17. The combination with the chamber 89, containing a body of water, and
provided with connections by which a flow of water is maintained through the
chamber, of the exhaust pipe 90 opening downward so as to deliver the exhaust
products directly onto the surface of the body of water in the chamber, substantially
as described.
18. The combination with the power cylinder, of a pump for supplying the
explosive mixture to said cylinder, a tank and connections, by which the explosive
mixture may be allowed to pass from the pump, either directly to the power cylinder,
or to said tank, and by which the cylinder may be supplied either from the pump
or from said tank, substantially as described.
19. In a gas engine, the combination with the power and pump cylinders and
their piston rods, of the open receptacle 38 for containing a quantity of water to
surround the rods and keep them properly cooled, each rod passing through two
stuffing boxes, substantially as described.
20. In a gas engine, the oil chamber 47, having the positively actuated valve 28,
and ducts communicating with the parts to be oiled, substantially as described.
21. In a gas engine, the combination with a cock or valve for controlling the
quantity or richness of the explosive mixture supplied to the power cylinder, of the
plunger 63, valve 118, and connections, substantially as described.
22. The combination with the cock or valve for controlling the quantity or richness
of the explosive mixture supplied to the power cylinder, of the plunger 63 upon the
valve rod 109, the valve 118 and connections, substantially as described.
Dated this 26th day of October 1886
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.