Improvements in Apparatus for Producing Cold in or Freezing Liquids.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Nov.,. 1891
Complete Specification Left, 26th Aug., 1992-Accepted, 22nd Oct., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Producing Cold in or Freezing
Liquids.
I JOSEPH WILFRED BOWLEY of 79 Fairbridge Road Holloway in the County
of Middlesex Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of my invention is so to construct and fit apparatus for producing
cold in or freezing liquids and adapt such appliances thereto that the desired effect
shall be very speedily surely and equably produced to the manifest economy in
working of this apparatus.
To carry out this object I make a suitable receptacle for the freezing agent
which may be of any usual or other description and this receptacle may be of any
desired size and shape. In this receptacle I place one two or more tubes or small
cylinders preferably perhaps in an horizontal position which tubes are so secured
therein that the freezing agent can properly surround them and the liquid that is
to be treated by this freezing agent is introduced into these tubes for such treatment
it may be at one of the ends of the same and removed from these tubes after under-
going such treatment it may be from the other of the ends of the same. Inside
cach tube is centrally and longitudinally mounted a rod or spindle whereupon are
secured it may be a number of screw blades in such wise that by these blades one
two or more intercepted screw threads are formed around the whole length of the
rod or it may be one two or more continuous screw threads are formed around the
whole length of the rod in every case the peripheries of these screw threads very
closely approximating to even if not touching the internal surface of the tube.
The rod is caused to revolve whereby the liquid will be duly stirred up and caused
to approach the cold wall of the tube as it is passed therethrough by which
arrangement obviously the desired effect is the more speedily surely and equably
effected as is desired while nothing can adhere to the wall of the tube by reason of
the close approximation of the screw thread or threads thereto. When there are
two or more tubes in one or more receptacles the rods thereof can be geared or
connected together as is usual.
11
ليمى
1
CAT
11001
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Producing Cold in or Freezing
Liquids.
1, JOSEPH WILFRED BOWLEY, formerly of 79 Fairbridge Road, Holloway, in
the County of Middlesex, but now of 44 Grays Inn Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention has reference to a simple inexpensive construction of cooling or
freezing apparatus whereby materials such as those used for making ice-cream, can
be frozen in a rapid, easy and continuous manner.
Apparatus for this purpose according to this invention is constructed with a tube
or passage provided with inlet and outlet openings for material to be treated and
with a screw conveyor, and arranged to be cooled by the action of a cooling or
freezing agent contained within a suitable vessel that is capable of being rotated,
the arrangement being such that when the machine is in action, material fed in a

page_text: continuous stream into the tube or passage will be thoroughly mixed and caused to
travel through the said tube or passage in contact with the wall thereof by the
screw conveyer whereby it will be rapidly cooled or frozen, and caused to leave the
tube or passage in a continuous manner.
The accompanying drawing shows partly in side elevation and partly in longi-
tudinal vertical section, cooling or freezing apparatus constructed according to this
invention.
1 is a cylindrical vessel to contain the freezing agent, for example a mixture of
ice and salt, employed to freeze the cream, custard or other mixture or material to
be frozen. It is provided with a charging opening 2, normally closed by a screw
cover 3, and with a discharge opening 4 normally closed by a screw plug 5.
In order to obtain the greatest refrigerating effect of the freezing agent, it is
advantageous that the vessel should be mounted so that it can be rotated and its
contents agitated. For this purpose it is in the example shown mounted at its ends
upon cone bearings 6 and 7.
The bearing 6 is fixed upon a cylindrical tube 8 through which the material
to be cooled or frozen passes. This tube extends centrally through the vessel 1
so as to be cooled externally by the freezing agent in the vessel and is fixed
at one end to the standard 9. The other end of the tube, which is externally
screw threaded and carries the other cone bearing 7, is held within another
standard 9 by a cap 10 that may advantageously be pivoted at one side, and
secured at the other by a screw bolt 11. By mounting the cone bearing 7 upon the
screw threaded portion of the tube as shown, it can be adjusted longitudinally to
compensate for wear and to prevent any of the freezing agent escaping from the
vessel at the bearings. Normally it is fixed to the tube by a set screw 12.
Within the tube 8, which is provided with an inlet 13 and feeding funnel 14, is
fitted a screw conveyor 15 that extends through one end of the tube and is
connected to a fly or driving wheel 16. In the example shown the screw conveyor
consists of a flat metal bar twisted to form a spiral screw blade of uniform pitch.
As will be obvious however, the screw conveyor may be constructed in various
ways, the screw blade or blades being either of uniform or irregular pitch, and
either continuous or broken. In order that the screw conveyor shall not become
frozen in place when the machine is not in operation, it may advantageously be
so mounted and arranged that it can when desired be readily removed from the
tube. For this purpose one of the flat ends of the screw conveyor may, as in
the example shown, be arranged to enter a transverse slot formed in a cylindrical
extension 17* of a toothed wheel 17 to which it is rigidly fixed by a nut 18
screwed onto the screw threaded extention 15ª of the screw conveyor which for
this purpose extends through the wheels 16 and 17. The cylindrical extension 17*
of the wheel 17 is mounted to rotate in the end of the tube 8, or it may be in
the standard 9, within which it is retained by the set screw 9b as shown. As will
be seen the arrangement is such that by removing this nut the screw conveyor
can be readily withdrawn through the other end of the tube 8 as for example by
means of a rod provided with a hook adapted to enter a hole 8* in the other flat
end of the screw conveyor. To the vessel 1 is fixed a toothed wheel 19 that gears
with a toothed wheel 20 arranged to turn with a shaft 21 upon which is fixed a
toothed wheel 22 in gear with the toothed wheel 17. In order that the screw
conveyor may be rotated without rotating the vessel 1, the toothed wheel 20 may
be mounted to slide sideways on the shaft 21 so that it can be disengaged from the
toothed wheel 17 when desired as shown in dotted lines. To the screw threaded
end of the tube 8 may be attached a screw cap or cover 23 formed with a vent hole
normally closed by a peg, to prevent the material to be frozen flowing out of the
tube 8 when starting the machine to work until the material has become frozen
and thus more or less hard, when the cap or cover is removed and may be replaced
by a mould into which the frozen material can be forced.
23 is a layer of non-conducting material, as for example felt, surrounding the
vessel to protect it from external heat.

page_text: With the arrangement described it will be seen that assuming the vessel 1 to be
charged with a freezing agent, and material to be continuously fed into the tube 8,
then if the wheels 19 and 20 be in gear and the fly wheel 16 be rotated by the
handle 24, the vessel 1 and screw conveyor 15 will be rotated independently of each
other and at different speeds; the material will become frozen by contact with the
tube 8 through which it will be continuously forced by the screw conveyor, so long
as the supply of material continues; and the freezing agent in the vessel 1 will be
thoroughly agitated so that fresh portions thereof will be constantly brought into
contact with the exterior of the tube within which a low temperature will be
consequently maintained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Apparatus for cooling or freezing materials of the kind herein referred to, in
which the material to be cooled or frozen is mixed and caused to pass by a screw
conveyor through a tube or passage cooled by a freezing agent contained within a
vessel capable of being rotated substantially as herein described.
2. My improved cooling or freezing apparatus constructed arranged and operating
substantially as described and shown.
J. W. BOWLEY.
W. Lloyd Wise,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Applicant's Agent.