IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, DRAIN PIPES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Effertz, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, DRAIN PIPES, AND
OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES"
Sealed the 28th February 1862, and dated the 5th September 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter. Effertz at the
Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
September 1861.
I, PETER EFFERTZ, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, DRAIN PIPES,
AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:
I feed the machine with clay through a hopper; the clay is mixed by a
combination of screws, and passed through a grate or grid to be cleansed from
stones and other objectionable matter. The clay is then modelled by pressure
to the desired shape, and received on à rolling table in front of the machine in
the form of an endless band. The rolling: table is provided with a self-acting
cutter put in motion by the band of clay emerging from the machine, and
cutting it into any desired length at an angle proportionate with the velocity.
The necessary pressure is exerted through a combination of screws requiring
very little power. The clay is passed through the hopper and seized by spiral
knives pushing it forward until it comes within reach of the screws, which
mix-it by working into each other, and by their spiral form press, it through
the grid or grate; it is then formed into the desired shape, and leaves the
machine as an endless band arriving at the rolling table in front.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Effertz in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th
March 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
EFFERTZ, of the 'City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date, the Fifth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, tho
said Peter Effertz, Her special licence that I, the said Peter Effertz, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter
Effertz, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agreo
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands.and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS POR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, DRAIN PIPES, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter Effertz,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Effertz, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
This machine is for producing perforated, solid, and paving bricks, gutter
tiles, roofing tiles, cornice tiles, pantiles, drain pipes, and other similar articles.
The clay is fed into the machine through a hopper, mixed by a combination
of screws passed through a grate to be cleansed from stones and other objec-
tionable matters modelled or moulded by pressure to the desired shape, and
received as an endless band by a rolling table in front of the machine. This
rolling table is provided with a self-acting cutter put in motion by the band of
clay emerging from the machine, and cutting the said band into any length
desired at right angles to the surface, or at an angle proportionate with the

page_text: velocity., The necessary pressure is exerted through a combination of screws
requiring, less power than any other now in use.
The machine, consists of two main parts or divisions; first; the press for
mixing,, cleansing, and shaping the clay; secondly, the self-acting cutting
table, on which the band of clay emerging from the mould is cut.
This Invention will be clearly understood by referring to the figures and
letters on the accompanying five Sheets of Drawings; in which. Fig. 1 repre-
sents a longitudinal elevation of the machine complete; Fig. 2, a longitudinal
section; and Fig. 3 a sectional plan of the same; Fig. 4, a. back elevation of
the press, and
parts connected with it; Fig. 5, a front elevation of the same;
Fig. 6, a front elevation of the cutting table; Fig. 7, a section of the levers.
and apparatus for working the cutter; and Fig. 8, a plan of the same..
A, A, are two side frames, which,.connected by the tie rods or cross bars a,
form a framework, upon which is screwed the hollow cylinder B, of an ellip-
tical shape and closed behind: This cylinder is formed of two halves bolted
together. The upper half has two square apertures, to one of which a hopper
C is fitted, and the other is closed by the door B by means of the. handle B.
In front of the cylinder B is an elliptical conical mouthpiece,B, to which the
plate B³ containing the mould is screwed: In the interior of the cylinder B
are the two shafts b, to which are fastened screws 61, and spiral knives b³, in
such a manner that the worm of one is to the right and that of the other to
the 'left; and the pitch of the knives is smaller than that of the screws, thus
forming two screwed; mandrils working against each other; the bearings at
one end of, which are in the grate B³, within the cylinder B, and at the other
end in the back of; the cylinder B. At the back of the grate B³ is the frame.
B'; provided with a handle, and working on a bolt as a centre; this frame can
be moved out of the cylinder B by means of the lever B³, connected to the
said frame B'. On the outside of the bearings the shafts b
carry the spur.
wheels b³ geared into the spur pinions 6*, working loose on the studs or pivots bo,.
which receive their revolving motion from the shaft D, by means of the bevil
wheels d, geared into the bevil. wheels, fixed on the bosses of the spur
pinions . The shaft D works in bearings bolted on the side.frames. A, and.
carries the drums d and d³, one at each end. The drum d revolves on the
shaft, receiving its motive power from the motor, and is connected by, a friction
coupling d with the shaft D. The drum d³ is keyed to the shaft D, and
serves to put in motion the cutting apparatus in front of the machine. The
friction coupling d¹ is put in and out.of gear by the lever a. The cutting.
apparatus consists of, the two side frames E, which are connected by tie rods
or cross bars el, and form a frame running on the wheels E, the said side.

page_text: frames carrying between them, the rollers and The roller carries a
band pulley keyed to one end of the sliaft of the roller outside one of the
frames E. The said pulley e', by means of a band passing over it and the
pulley f, gives motion to the shaft f, on which there is a knob or projection.
At each revolution of the shaft f this knob or projection strikes against one
end of the lever g, for the purpose of shifting a clutch, so as to gear into the
loose pulley on the shaft h, which is provided with two knobs or projec-
tions for disconnecting the clutch from the pulley by striking against the other
end of the lever g. This pulley is made to revolve by the shaft D being con-
nected by a strap with the pulley d upon the shaft D. Upon the shaft h are
fastened three eccentric discs h and i, of which the two outer eccentrics h²
strike against the bowls on the levers h³, and by means of the connecting
rods * cause the ascending and descending motion of the two slide bars h³.
The wire for cutting the band of clay is stretched between the slide bars, which
slide in the guide bars he fixed to the rod h. The eccentric i in the centre of
the shaft h nets upon the bowls on the fork-shaped lever.i', fastened to the
rodi, to which are fixed on the outsides of the frames E the arms i', working
on studs fixed to the frames, and. connected to the guide bars by-the
slotted arms or links h, which are jointed together at any required position by
pins having screws and nuts, so as to give greater or less movement to the
guide bars ho.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The clay fed into the machino
by the hopper C is seized by the spiral screws ', and pushed forward until it
comes within reach of the knives &, which mix it by working into each other;
and in consequence of their spiral form press it through the grate B. The s
screws 68 in front of this grate seize it and press it through the moulds in tho
plate B. The clay thus formed into the desired shape leaves the machine as
an endless band, arrives at the rolling table formed by the rollers ; and by
advancing causes them to revolve. All the power thus developed is caught up
by the roller ³, in consequence of its being connected by the endless band of
clay with the rollers &; and is transferred to the pulley, and from thence to
the shaft by means of a band-passing over the pulley f'. During the revo
lution of tho shaftf-tho knob or projection on it strikes against one end of the
lever 9, for putting a clutch into gear with the pulley ', which serves for
putting in motion the cutting apparatus, and which receives its motion from
tho shaft D. The eccentrics thereby set in'motion act upon the bowls h°,
on the levers h, and move the levers downwards and upwards alternately, and
by means of the connecting rods * move the slide bars h downwards and
upwards alternately, and also the cutting wire connected to them. Thus, when

page_text: the cutting of the endless band of clay has been effected in a downward direc-
tion the fork-shaped lever i¹ is put in motion by the eccentric i, after which
the guide bars h are brought into an angle the reverse of the former by
means of the arms h³, which connect the arms i' with the guide bars ho, after
which one of the knobs or projections on the shaft h strikes against the other
end of the lever g, and thereby shifts the clutch and puts the pulley h¹ out of
gear, and causes the cutter to stop until the knob on the shaft f comes again
into contact with the lever g, and causes the cutter to move in the upward
direction, after which the angle of the guide bars are again reversed and the
process is repeated. The stones and other objectionable matter contained in
the clay remain before the grate B, and are removed from time to time by
withdrawing the frame B. By changing the band to different grooves in the
pulleys and f, and thus altering the speed of the pulley f¹ to any desired
extent, as well as by changing the positions of the screwed pin in the slotted
arms he, the movement of the cutting is regulated, so as to agree with the
motion of the band of clay, and cut the bricks of other articles at right angles,
or at any other angle required.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood
that I claim as my Invention, the general combination and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for making bricks, tiles, drain pipes, and other similar
articles, as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying five Sheets of
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Effertz, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Peter Effertz, in the
presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
PETER EFFERTZ. (L.S.)
Patent Agent,
Manchester.