IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR WARPING AND SIZEING, OR OTHERWISE PREPARING YARNS OR THREADS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Harrison, of Blackburn, Machinist, and
Christopher Gelderd, of Low Moor, Clithero, Manager, both in the
County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR WARPING AND SIZEING, OR OTHERWISE PREPARING YARNS OR THREADS FOR
WEAVING."
Sealed the 19th December 1856, and dated the 24th June 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Harrison and
Christopher Gelderd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th Juno 1856.
We, JOSEPH HARRISON, of Blackburn, Machinist, and CHRISTOPHER
GELDERD, of Low Moor, Clithero, Manager, both in the County of Lancaster;
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR WARPING AND SIZEING, OR OTHERWISE PREPARING YARNS OR THREADS
FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in beam warping machines relate, first, to arrange-
ments of mechanism for registering the length of yarn put on the beam
and stopping the machine when the required quantity has been wound on.
Our improved mechanism for this purpose is more conveniently adjusted and
more exact or certain than the arrangements hitherto employed for the
purpose. It consists of a worm on the axis of the measuring roller, which geers
with a worn wheel on a short shaft in bearings secured to the framing, which

page_text: has another worm on the end of it that geers with a worm wheel on a stud
in the frame; attached to this worm wheel is a rim having a notch or recess,
on this rim the end of a lever rests, which falls into the notch that is brought
opposite to it when the quantity required is wound on the beam, at which
time the end of the lever (which has its fulcrum on a stud on the frame) falls
into the notch, and a projection on the lever strikes the spring or catch and
releases it from the notch, when the elastic force of the spring or the weight
attached to the catch acts upon the rod that stops the machine.
The
mechanism just described is common to the arrangement hitherto in use, but it
is arranged and acts in a different manner. Each tooth of the worm wheel in
geer with the worm on the measuring roller is equal to a unit of measure,
and the wheel, for convenience of calculation, has one hundred teeth; the second
worm advances the wheel in geer with it one tooth for each revolution. This
wheel has as many teeth as will measure the greatest length required on a beam,"
and it has a space without teeth, and it never makes an entire revolution;
both worm wheels being set back to the same point at the commencement of
the winding of each beam. The second worm wheel, with the notched rim
attached, has also a rim or groove, to which a cord or chain is secured, having
a weight at the end of it; this weight, by means of the cord or chain, acts to
turn the wheel in the same direction as the worm geering with it. The
purpose of the weight is to drag forward the wheel that instant the last of its
teeth is free from the worm in geer with it, the space in the wheel without
teeth permitting this advance. This quick motion of the worm wheel brings
the notch in the rim attached to it immediately under the end of the lever at
the exact moment the measure is completed, and permits the lever to drop
and force the spring, which stops the machine out of its notch. In place of
the second toothed wheel a toothed rack may be employed, fixed to slide in
suitable bearings, and having a weight and cord or chain arranged to drag
it in the direction of motion imparted to it by the worm, so that when the last
of its teeth is free from the worm it may be suddenly moved forward by the
weight, its end striking against the spring which acts on the rod, stopping the
machine. Adjustable fingers or pins are arranged upon the worm wheels (or
on the toothed rack, if that is preferred), so that they may be readily set at the
commencement of the winding of each beam without counting (for a succession
of beams of the same length), the wheels being turned till their fingers or pins
come against suitable stops, arrangements being made for disengaging the
worms from the wheels in geer with them when they are to be adjusted for
the commencement of a new beam.
Our improvements; in beam warping machines,, in the second place,

page_text: relate to those which have a self-acting backing-off motion for finding
the ends of broken threads, and our object is to leave the attendant at
liberty when the backing-off strap is put on the fast pulley, by providing
arrangements which will push the strap on the loose pulley and stop the
backing off when the whole or part of the rods have descended; and this
part of our Invention consists in applying arrangements to beam-warping
machines; for accomplishing this purpose, the most simple arrangement being
a spring, similar to that for acting on the rod, which stops the machine when
the required quantity is wound on, but placed so as to act in the opposite
direction, the spring being released from its notch by an adjustable screw
fixed in a projection from the incline bar, which is pushed backwards by the
descending rods; as the rods descend, this adjustable screw is brought towards
the spring, and will come in contact with the spring as adjusted when the last
rod or last but one has nearly descended. A weight may be substituted for
the elastic action of the spring.
Our improvements in sizeing machines relate, first, to a mode of putting
friction on the beams to give the proper tension to the yarn going into
the machine; it consists in passing a strap or band over the boss or end
of each beam, and under friction pulleys placed between the beams, one
end of the strap or band being attached to the boss of a ratchet wheel on
a stud in the frame, the ratchet wheel being for the purpose of adjusting
the tension of strap or band on the ends of the beams to give the friction
required, the other end of the strap or band being secured to a boss on the
stop lever shaft, so that when the machine is stopped the strap or band will
be pulled, and will be caused to act as a brake on the beams, and prevent the
yarns from becoming slack.
Our improvements, in the second place, relate to that machine known
as the "tape-sizeing machine," and consists in substituting for each of the
drying cylinders used in such machines an apparatus formed by a fan revolved
by belts from some convenient part of the machine, and by two discs arranged
axially with the fan; these discs have annular cavities into which pipes are
jointed, one end of each pipe being jointed with the annular cavity in one
disc, the other with the annular cavity in the other disc. The annular
cavities and pipes are filled with steam. The discs also carry rods arranged
all round, upon which the yarn rests, the rods being intended to keep the
yarn from contact with the pipes or tubes. The discs carrying the tubes and
rods are free to revolve by the passing of the yarn.

page_text: SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
and of an order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Joseph Harrison
and Christopher Gelderd in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
HARRISON, of Blackburn, Machinist, and CHRISTOPHER GELDERD, of Low
Moor, Clitheroe, Manager, both in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Joseph Harrison and Christopher Gelderd, Her especial license that we, the
said Joseph Harrison and Christopher Gelderd, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Joseph Harrison and Christopher
Gelderd, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
WARPING AND SIZEING, OR OTHERWISE PREPARING YARNS OR THREADS FOR
WEAVING," upon the condition, amongst others, that we, the said Joseph
Harrison and Christopher Gelderd, by an instrument in writing, under our
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Harrison and Christopher
Gelderd, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that
is to say):-
Our improvements in beam warping machines relate, first, to arrangements
of mechanism for registering the length of yarn put on the beam and stopping
the machine when the required quantity has been wound on. Our improved
mechanism for this purpose is more conveniently adjusted and more exact or
certain than the arrangements hitherto employed for the purpose; it consists
of a worm on the axis of the measuring roller, which geers with a worm wheel
on a short shaft in bearings secured to the framing, which has another worm

page_text: on the end of it that geers with a worm wheel on a stud in the frame.
Attached to this worm wheel is a rim, having a notch or recess; on this rim
the end of a lever rests, which falls into the notch that is brought opposite to
it when the quantity required is wound on the beam, at which time the end of
the lever (which has its fulcrum on a stud on the frame) falls into the notch,
and a projection on the lever strikes the spring or catch, and releases it from
the notch, at which time the elastic force of the spring or the weight attached
to the catch acts upon the rod that stops the machine. The mechanism just
described is common to the arrangement hitherto in use, but it is arranged
and acts in a dillerent manner.
In our improved combination, each tooth of the worm wheel in geer with
the worm on the measuring roller is equal to a unit of measure, and the wheel,
for convenience of calculation, has one hundred teeth; the second worm
advances the wheel in geer with it one tooth for each revolution; this wheel
has as many teeth as will measure the greatest length required on a beam,
and it has a space without teeth, and it never makes an entire revolution, both
worm wheels being set back to the same point at the commencement of the
winding of each beam. The second worm wheel with the notched rim attached
has also a rim or groove, to which a cord or chain is secured, having a weight
at the end of it; this weight, by means of the cord or chain, acts to turn the
wheel in the same direction as the worm geering with it. The purpose of the
weight is to drag forward the wheel that instant the last of its teeth is free
from the worm in geer with it, the space in the wheel without teeth permitting
this advance. This quick motion of the worm wheel brings the notch in the
rim attached to it immediately under the end of the lever at the exact moment
the measure is completed, and permits the lever to drop and force the spring
out of its notch, which stops the machine. In place of the second toothed
wheel a toothed rack may be employed, fixed to slide in suitable bearings, and
having a weight and cord or chain arranged to drag it in the direction of
motion imparted to it by the worm, so that when the last of its teeth is
free from the worm it may be suddenly moved forward by the weight, its
ends striking against the spring which acts on the rod, stopping the machine.
Adjustable fingers or pins are arranged upon the worm wheel (or on the
toothed rack, if that is used), so that they may be readily set at the commence-
ment of the winding of each beam without counting for a succession of beams
of the same length, the wheels being turned till their fingers or pins come
against suitable stops; arrangements being made for disengaging the worms
from the wheels in geer with them when they are to be adjusted for the com-
mencement of a new beam.

page_text: These improvements are shewn as applied to beam warping machines in
the Drawings annexed hereto by Fig. 1, which is a side elevation of such a
machine. a is the measuring roller; its circumference is equal to the unit of
measure. 6, worn on one end of its axis, which geers with a worm wheel c on
a shaft d, in bearings formed in a bracket secured to the framing; e is a worm
on the short shaft d; f, worm wheel in geer with it, free on a stud in the
bracket before mentioned; 9 is a lever, having its fulcrum on a stud fixed in
the framing at g'; the point of the end of one arm of this lever rests in the
groove at the back of the wheelf, having the recess or notch; when the point
of the lever enters the recess or notch, the other arm of it has an adjustable
piece, which strikes against the spring / and forces it out of the holding notch,
thus allowing it to move the stop rod h', which, having the strap guides fixed
upon it, traverses the driving belt on to the loose pulley. It will be seen
that the wheelf has a space without teeth; it is pulled in the direction in
which the geering rotates it by a chain secured to a groove formed in front of
it, which chain has a weight f' attached.
A detached front and side view of the mechanism on an enlarged scale is
exhibited in the Drawings by Figs. 2 and 3. When the worm wheel c is
to be taken out of geer with the worm b, the short shaft d is slided endways in
its bearings, the link d' being first lifted, which rests when the wheels are in
geer on a neck in the shaft d, formed on one side of one of its bearings, as will
be seen by examining the Drawings. Another view of this link dis shewn
detached by Fig. 3. The figure shewn in dotted line, Fig. 2, is supposed to be
the position of the link d' when the worm and worm wheel is out of geer. One
end of the short shaft d has a boss with a short finger from it; this, with
the stop finger & screwed to the bracket carrying the bearing of the shaft d,
forms the means of adjusting the position of the worm wheel to the worm at the
commencement of the filling of a new beam. The worm wheelf is brought in
and out of geer with the worm by being slided on the stud forming its axis; it
is secured when in geer by a pin passing through the stud. A pin f³ placed in
the worm wheel, and a finger f³ made adjustable round the stud, forms the
means of setting the wheel at the commencement of the filling of a new beam.
The thread of the worm e is made to terminate "square" or abruptly, so that
the instant the worm gets past the edge of the last tooth of the worm wheel f
it is free to be dragged forward by the weight. The notch or recess in the
groove at the back of the wheel is made so as to be opposite the point of
the lever when the last tooth of the worm wheel f is free from the worn c.
That position in which the worm wheel is left when the machine is stopped
by the mechanism is the place it ought to be in when the mechanism is set

page_text: for the filling of a new beam, this position being that in which the edge of
the tooth of the wheel has just escaped from the worm. One tooth of the
worm may be supposed equal to a yard of measure. The wheel b, for.
convenience of calculation, has one hundred teeth, and one revolution of it
gives a movement of one tooth in the worm wheel f, every tooth of which.
will thus be equal to one hundred yards.
:
f
The following method is adopted to set the mechanism to stop the machine.
at any required length wound on the beam, say, 14,250 yards is the required
length count 143 teeth on the worm wheel f, beginning at the escape tooth.
(as it may be called), being the 143rd tooth partly in gear with the first space
in the thread of the worm e on the escape side; the first space in the thread
of the worm visible at the face of the wheel is meant. There is another space,.
which is the first space visible at the back edge of the wheel, while the wheel,
is partly in geer with the worm, being the moveable finger f³, on the stud
round, and fix it when it touches the side of the pin in the wheel, then slide.
the wheel in full geer and secure it; the pin in the wheel will then be.
just clear of the finger f. The mechanism is now set for 14,300 yards, but.
as 14,250 are only wanted, 50 yards are taken off by turning the worm wheel
50 teeth in the same direction as the wheel is turned by the measuring roller;
thus the worm wheel has an advance due to 50 yards, which have not been.
wound. The worm wheel b is set for fractions of a hundred yards as follows:-
Note a tooth of the wheel in geer with a space in the worm B on the end of.
the measuring roller a; count 50 teeth backward from the tooth noted and
bring this tooth partly in gear with the space noted in the worm, then move.
the finger on the end of the short shaft d and fix it when against the stop.
, then move the wheel into full geer and secure the shaft d by the link d³,
the finger d² and stop d³ are then clear of each other. When the mechanism.
is once set, a succession of beams may be filled of the same length without.
the counting, as in setting the mechanism for a new beam the wheels will.
only require to be taken out of geer and turned till they come against the.
steps, provided they are then secured in geer, all of which is done more;
rapidly that it can be described. It may be here remarked that fraction:
of a hundred or whole hundreds may either be added or. taken away from.
the measure fixed upon in setting the worm wheel f; by turning the short
shaft backward if to be added, and forward if to be subtracted. Fig. 4.
is for the purpose of explaining how the weight and chain attached to.it
may be dispensed with. f* represents the grooved pulley with the notch or.
recess in it; and g, the end of the lever resting in the groove. The end of
the lever is bevilled, as shewn, and it rests in the position shewn on the edge.
any.

page_text: of the recess. At the time the last tooth of the worm wheel fis free from
the worm 7, the weight of the lever acts through the bevil end of it upon
the
edge of the recess, and causes the wheel or pulley to move suddenly and
allow the point of the lever to drop into the recess. The point of the lever
in all cases has to be lifted out of the notch or recess in the groove before the
mechanism can be set. The object of the swell or increase of breadth shown i
on one arm of the lever g is simply to add weight to it.
We do not claim the parts of the mechanism herein-before described
separately, some of them having been used for the purpose of stopping beam
warping machines when the required length has been wound on the beams;
but we do claim as our Invention for this purpose the combination and
arrangement of mechanism herein-before described, and its peculiar mode
of action.
Our improvements in beam warping machines, in the second place, relate
to those which have a self-acting backing-off motion for finding the ends of
broken threads, and our object is to leave the attendant at liberty when the
backing-off strap is put on the fast pulley, by providing arrangements which
will push the strap on the loose pulley and stop the backing off when the
whole or part of the rods have descended. And this part of our Invention
consists in applying arrangements to beam warping machines for accomplishing
this purpose; the most simple arrangement being a spring, similar to that
for acting on the rod which stops the machine when the required quantity is
wound on, but placed so as to act in the opposite direction, the spring being
released from its notch by an adjustable screw fixed in a projection from the
incline bar, which is pushed backwards by the descending rods. As the rods
descend this adjustable screw is brought towards the spring, and will come
in contact with the spring (as adjusted); when the last rod or last but one
has nearly descended, a weight may be substituted for the elastic action of the
spring. These improvements are illustrated by Fig. 1. is one of the inclined
bars, placed on each side of the machine, which is pushed back by the rods;
to it an arm is fixed, having an adjustable set screw, which will strike against
the spring that moves the backing-off' strap on to the loose pulley when the
last rod or last but one has descended, according as it is adjusted. The spring
which pushes the backing-off strap on to the loose pulley acts in the opposite'
direction to that which pushes the strap for the forward motion on to the s
loose pulley. The most convenient arrangement is to place one spring on one
side and the other on the other side of the machine.
We claim, as this our Invention, arrangements for traversing the backing-
off driving belt in beam warping machines from the fast to the loose pulley,

page_text: or fer stopping the backing off of the beam when required, the mechanism
which causes the driving belt to be traversed or the motion of the beam to
be stopped being put in action by the descout of the searching rods, sub-
stantially, as herein-before described.
Our improvements in sizeing machines relate, first, to a mode of putting
friction on the beams to give the proper tension to the yarn going into the
machine. It consists in passing a strap or band over the boss or end of each
beam, and under friction pulleys placed between the beams, one end of the
strap or beam being attached to the boss of a ratchet wheel on a stud in the
frame, the ratchett wheel being for the purpose of adjusting the tension of
strap or band on the ends of the beams to give the friction required, the
other end of the strap or band being secured to a boss or segmental arm on tho
stop lever shaft, so that when the machine is stopped the strap or band will
be pulled, and will be caused to act as a brake on the beams, and prevent the
yarn from becoming slack.
Fig. 6 in the Drawings is a diagram by which these improvements are
illustrated. a are the beams containing the yarn going into the machine; the
yarn from them goes in the direction shewn by the dotted line, and pointed by
the arrow. 6 is a drum on a stud in the framing, having a ratchet wheel
attached that is held by a retaining pawl; the strap is attached to this drum;
it then goes over the boss of the adjoining beam, and then under an anti-
friction pulley c, fixed on a stud in the frame; thon over the boss of the
next beam, and so on, the other end of the strap being fixed to a stud in the
frame at d, a piece branching from it being also secured to the top handle e
or a segmental arm from it. Pieces of leather are placed on the under side
of those parts of the strap acting on the bosses of the beams; they vary in
breadth. The beam marked 2 has a piece of less breadth than that marked
1, 3 less than 2, and so on, the fifth having a piece of the least breadth. This
variation of breadth is in proportion to the friction required. The friction on
the beams is increased or diminished by turning the ratchet wheel one way or
the other, as required.
We claim as our Invention arrangements for regulating the tension on
the yarn. or threads in sizeing machines, substantially as herein-before
described.
"
Our improvements, in the second place, relate to that machino known as the
tape-sizeing machine," and consists in substituting for each of the drying
cylinders used in such machines an apparatus formed by a fan, revolved by
belts from some convenient part of the machine, and by two discs or rings
arranged axially with the fan, which discs or rings have annular cavities into

page_text: which pipes are jointed, one end of each pipe being jointed with one ring or
the annular cavity in one disc, the other with the other ring or the annular
cavity in the other disc; the annular cavities and pipes are filled with steam:
The discs or rings also carry rods or bars arranged all round, upon which the
yarn rests, the rods being intended to keep the yarn from contact with the
pipes or tubes. The discs or rings carrying the tubes and rods are free to
revolve by the passing of the yarn, same as the drying steam eylinders hitherto
employed. The manner in which this part of our Invention is carried into
effect is shewn in the Drawings hereunto annexed by Fig. 7. The apparatus;
there shown by a sectional elevation, is substituted for the steam cylinders
hitherto employed in the tape-sizeing machine." The yarn passes round the
substituted apparatus or mechanism precisely as it does in the cylinders of the
tape-sizeing machine." Detached enlarged views of parts of the apparatus
or mechanism shewing its construction are exhibited by Figures 8, 9, 10;
and 11. Fig. 8 is a sectional view, taking longitudinally, of one end of tho
apparatus; Fig. 9, a cross sectional elevation; Figure 10, plan view of stuffing
box; and Fig. 11, view of part of the outside end of the hollow ring, dis-
closing the cavity. a is a shaft on which the fan is placed, a' being the blades
or fan boards. The shaft is free in a boss b at each end, which form its
bearings. Each of these bosses has six hollow arms, which are cast with a
ring b' attached, which closes and forms one side of an hollow ring c. The
ends of a series of pipes d are secured in these rings (c) by means of round
Screw nuts, which are rotated by means of notches formed in their edges:
Holes or hollows are made in the boss part (b) communicating with the hollows
in the arms, as seen in Fig. 8. These bosses are held and rotate in stuffing
boxes (e) secured to the framing. Each box is packed in the following manner,
so as to make it steam-tight on both sides of the holes in the boss which lead
to the interior of the hollow arms. Packing is first placed in the box; it is
then compressed tight; then a metallic ring f is introduced, and then more
packing, which is acted upon by the gland f', which forces the packing and
the metallic ring against the packing first introduced. The steam enters or
condensed steam leaves by a pipe f2, which passes into the stuffing-box oppo-
site the metallic ring f, which is shaped to leave a cavity both in the inside
and outside of it, and is perforated, so that a communication is formed with
the holes in the boss leading into the interior of the hollow arms. Fig. 8
shews only one side of the mechanism or apparatus; the other side corresponds.
g are cross bars between the pipes or tubes, secured to the rings c, as shewn,
and extending same as the pipes or tubes from one ring to the other. The
yarn rests upon these cross bars 9, which prevent it from coming in contact

page_text: with the pipes or tubes d. a¹ are fast and loose pulleys on one end of the
fan shaft a. The fan shafts are driven by a belt from a counter shaft, placed
up above the machine, or from any other convenient shaft. A steam box h
may be added to assist in drying the yarn, which may be arranged and con-
structed as shewn in Fig. 7, which is a longitudinal section. It will be seen
that the box is strengthened by cross ribs, the face of the box being of thin
metal, secured by set screws or bolts to the cross ribs, and made steam tight.
The steam may enter at the upper end of the box, and the condensed steam
may be taken away from the lower end. The divisions formed by the
strengthening ribs communicate with one another by perforations made
through the ribs.
We claim as this part of our Invention the improved "tape-sizeing
machine," formed by substituting for the steam cylinders hitherto employed
mechanism or apparatus arranged substantially as berein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Harrison and Christopher
Gelderd, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-second
day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-six.
Witness to the signature of the said
Joseph Harrison,
THOMAS CHATBURN,
Park Terrace, Blackburn.
Witness to the signature of the said
Christopher Gelderd,
JAMES GURNETT,
Clitheroe.