IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR GIRDERS, FRAMES, OR OTHER APPARATUS, FIXED OR MOVEABLE, AND FOR CERTAIN PECULIAR FORMS OR SECTIONS OF IRON USED THEREIN
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Baines, of the London Works, Smethwick,
in the County of Stafford, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR GIRDERS, FRAMES, OR OTHER APPARATUS,
FIXED OR MOVEABLE, AND FOR CERTAIN PECULIAR FORMS OR SECTIONS OF IRON
USED THEREIN."
Sealed the 4th February 1862, and dated the 22nd August 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Baines at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd August 1861.
I, WILLIAM BAINES, of the London
Works, Smethwick, in the County
of Stafford, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GIRDERS. FRAMES, OR OTHER APPARATUS.
FIXED OR MOVEABLE, AND FOR CERTAIN PECULIAR FORMS OR SECTIONS OF IRON USED
THEREIN" to be as follows:-
In the forms or sections of plates used in the construction of these frames or
compound girders, one part of each is male and another part female; by
bringing these parts together they become inserted, and being secured by bolts
er rivets, effect a vertical union and continuous bearing, branching, or
[Price 8d.]

page_text: extending where required; and in constructing the moveable parts of railway
turntables I bend and form the plates into suitable parts or segments, and
secure them in their respective places by bolts or rivets, thus constituting one
entire frame, forming its necessary cross girders, which can be produced to
suit any angle for any number of roads upon the table.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Baines in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st February 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BAINES, of the London Works, Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Baines, Her special licence that 1, the said William Baines,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Baines, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF GIRDERS, FRAMES, OR OTHER APPARATUS, FIXED OR MOVEABLE, AND FOR
CERTAIN PECULIAR FORMS OR SECTIONS OF IRON USED THEBEIN," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Baines, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Baines, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-

page_text: In the forms or sections of plates used in the construction of these frames or
compound girders, one part of each is male and another part female; by
bringing these parts together they become inserted, and being secured by bolts
or rivets, effect a vertical union and continuous bearing, branching or extending
where required; and in constructing the moveable parts of railway turntables,
I bend and form the plates into suitable parts or segments, and secure them in
their respective places by bolts or rivets, thus constituting one entire frame
forming its necessary cross girders, which can be produced to suit any angle
for any number of roads upon the table.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
The parts marked a are grooves
Figure is a section of my girder plate.
or channels rolled or otherwise formed, which term female; the paris
marked bare ribs or projections, which I term male; and when two or more
of these plates are united, as shewn in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14, 20, and 21, these ribs or projections become inserted in the
grooves or channels of the adjoining plate, and thus mutually strengthen and
support each other, and will be found suitable for general purposes; and
where length is required the plates break joints with each other.
Figure 10 is a section of girder, two plates deep, united at H, H; Figures 20
and 21 are sections of girders three plates deep, united at P, P, intended for
positions where greater strength is required.
Figure 15 is a plan of girder formed of two plates, with lateral projections
and hollows formed on their sides at intervals, as shewn at dotted line, where
L is inserted into the plate M at s, and M is inserted into the plate L at X.
These projections and hollows give the same support to each other as described
in the preceding Figures, and their form is obtained by indentations and pro-
jections in the rolls by which they are made.
Figure 16 is a side elevation of part of a truss girder; the dotted lines K
indicate the tension rod; Figure 8 is a cross section of the same.
Figure 19 is a side elevation of part of a lattice girder. The plates A',
A2, and A, are on my improved girders, and the ends and middle of the
diagonal cross bars or laths are to be heated and subjected to a suitable die
under pressure, to make them fit and conform to the male and female
parts of the longitudinal bars A', A, and A3, which are secured by the aid
of bolts or rivets.
Figure 17, is a cross section on an enlarged scale. The parts marked a
respectively are the grooves which I term female, and the various parts

page_text: marked bare the male parts. The bars S are securely held by them, whereby
the strain is taken off the rivets or fastenings.
Figure 18 is an end view, shewing that two or more of these girders may be
combined together.
Figures 22 and 23 are girders or frames constituted of a series of my
improved plates, which are bent and formed branching to and from, and so
arranged that the male and female parts will come in contact with each other
side by side at intervals, and being secured by bolts or rivets, become vertically
united by the parts fitting each other; the plates breaking joints, a continuous
bearing is obtained. This kind of bearing or frame is intended to form the
skeleton or supports of decks, platforms, bridges, floors of buildings and similar
purposes.
Figure 28 is a section at D, E; Figure 29 is a section at F, G.
Figure 24 is a plan of a railway turntable; the skeleton frame of the
upper or revolving part of which is made of my improved plates, which are
bent and formed into suitable parts or segments, and secured by the aid of
bolts or rivets. ', ³, and g', are plates bent and formed into one
part or segment: 1, 1, and , form another or second part; k, and
13, form the third part; and 1, F. and 1, form the fourth part. These
segments form the necessary cross girders of a turntable suitable for two roads
crossing each other in the ordinary manner, and firmly embracing the centre P,
but can be formed to suit any angle for whatever number of roads they may
be required.
Figure 28 is a section through the various parts marked W, W.
Figure 29 is a section through the various parts marked T, T. The external
ring B, B, B, the principle of which is generally used in the construction of
wrought-iron turntables, I consider public property, therefore I lay no claim
to it or any other part not alluded to.
Figure 25 is a section through R, R; H³, and H2, are side views of my
improved 'girder.
Figure 26 is a single road turntable, also formed of my improved girders,
intended for turning engine and tender.
Figure 27 is a side elevation of the same. The cross bars or laths are made
to conform as described in Figure 19.
Having now described the nature of my invention and improvements in
the construction of girders, frames, and other apparatus fixed or moveable,
and the peculiar forms of sections of iron or steel used therein, and the manner
in which the same is to be carried into effect, I would have it undestood that

page_text: I do not confine myself to the precise details herein shewn and described, as
the same may be varied in many ways without departing from the peculiar
character of my Invention; and I hereby declare that I claim as my Invention
the form or section of plates, and the method of securing them so that they
mutually support and strengthen each other: also the method of bending and
forming the segments of turntables as above described.
In witness whereof. I, the said William Baines. have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
WILLIAM BAINES. (L.s.)