Ax IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING THE UPPER PORTION OF THE FACE FROM THE INCLEMENCY OF Wim Duc AD
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Calkin, of Oakley Square, Mornington
Crescent, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "Ax
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING THE UPPER PORTION OF THE FACE FROM
THE INCLEMENCY OF Wim Duc
AD
"
Sealed the 2nd April 1861, and dated the 8th October 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Calkin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th October 1860.
I, JOSEPH CALKIN, of Oakley Square, Mornington Crescent, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING THE UPPER PORTION OF THE FACE FROM THE
INCLEMENCY OF THE WEATHER, DUST, OR OTHERWISE," to be as follows (that is
to say):-
My Invention has reference to an improved apparatus for protecting the
upper portion of the face from the inclemency of the weather, wind, rays of
the sun, dust, or otherwise, to be worn either in connection with a cap in place
of the peak, or secured in any suitable manner round the head through the
medium of a flexible band or otherwise, and consists of a metallic frame,
extending or projecting over the eyes in the form of a cap peak from the fore-
head downwards to the nose, provided with an inner curved wire, fitting closely
to the face, the whole of which is covered with gauze, net, or other open or

page_text: transparent fabric or material, and connected at the upper portion to a clip
spring, for enabling the same to be readily fitted to the forehead or removed
when required, a groove or channel being thus formed between the covering
and the face, and an opening left at the upper portion of the same for the
escape of the heated air.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Calkin, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th April 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
CALKIN, of Oakley Square, Mornington Crescent, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Calkin, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph Calkin, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Calkin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
PROTECTING THE UPPER PORTION OF THE FACE FROM THE INCLEMENCY OF THE
WEATHER, DUST, OR OTHERWISE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Joseph Calkin, my executors or administrators, by an instrument. in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Calkin, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, and the Drawings therein referred to (that is to say).:-
My Invention has reference to an improved apparatus for protecting the
upper portion of the face from the inclemency of the weather, wind, rays of

page_text: the sun, dust, or otherwise to be worn either in connection with a cap in place
of the peak, or worn or secured in any suitable manner round the head through
the medium of a flexible band or otherwise, and consists of a metallic frame
in the form of the ordinary shade, so as to cover the eyes, and extend from the:
forehead downwards to the nose, provided with an inner curved wire, fitting-
closely to the face, the whole of which is covered with single, double, or treble-
gauze, net, or other open or transparent fabric or material, in such manner as
to form a closed chamber between the covering and the face, and connected at
the upper portion to a clip spring, for enabling the shade to be readily fitted
to the head or forehead, or removed when required, as also to leave an opening
at the upper portion of the same for the escape of the heated air.
And in order that my said Invention may be more fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I now proceed to describe it by the aid of the
accompanying Drawings, reference being had to the letters and figures thereon
marked (that is to say):-
Fig. 1 represents a front view of my improved apparatus, which I term
"the occhiombra," showing the gauze or covering partly removed; Fig. 2, a
side view; Fig. 3, an underneath plan view; and Fig. 4, a transverse vertical
section, taken through the dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 3. In each Figure the
same letters of reference denote similar corresponding parts.
A, A, the body or frame, formed of wire or other suitable material; B, B,
connecting stays; C, C, gauze, net work, or other open textile fabric or
material, forming the covering or shade; D, D, open gauze work diaphragm,
caused to rest upon the nose or face immediately below the eyes, and capable
of being fitted thereto through the medium of the inner curved wire E, E,
which is formed of material suitable for retaining the form thus given to it ;
F, F, spring head frame or clip for enabling the shade to be readily applied to
the face or removed when required; G, G, passage or opening formed at the
top of the apparatus, by which the heated air is enabled to escape, and
sufficient ventilation allowed to the eyes.
;
In conclusion to the foregoing description, it may be here necessary to
observe that the gauze or other material of which the said covering is
composed may be varied in texture, number of thicknesses, or colour, in such
manner as to form a shade or protection to one of the eyes only, in which case
it may be also found advantageous or desirable to divide the closed chamber
vertically into two parts through the medium of one or more thicknesses of
gauze, in like manner to the covering or shade aforesaid, and that when
necessary. to increase the size of the closed chamber, it may be effected by
causing the open gauze work diaphragm D, D, and inner curved wire E, E,

page_text: to extend below the body of the apparatus, so as to rest on the lower portion
of the nose.
In constructing the apparatus with the view to its being rendered light and
portable, and readily folded when not in use, the frame and spring head clip
may be made with sliding, hinged, or pivot joints in place of the fixed frame
and clip, as represented.
And I would further note that a lace fall or trimming attached to the lower
portion of the shade may be employed without impeding the respiration in
connection with bows or other similar ornamentation, whereby an improved
finish or appearance is obtained.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of this my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed and carried into
effect, I would have it clearly understood that I do not claim as of my Inven-
tion the opening G, G, in the upper portion of the apparatus, nor do I claim
the exclusive use of the several other parts herein-before described, except
when the same are employed in and for the purposes of my said Invention,
which I hereby declare to consist in the construction and employment of the
translucent or semi-transparent shade in connection with the diaphragm and.
inner curved wire, in the manner and for the purposes herein-before set forth
and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Calkin, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord'
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
JOSEPH CALKIN. (L.S.)
F. R. DARKIN CAMPBELL,
Clerk to Mess". Weatherdon & Co.,
77, Chancery Lane.