IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MEANS OF RAISING AND MOVING HEAVY BODIES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE AMONGST OTHER USES TO MINES, VESSELS, AND PUBLIC WORKS
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DARIUS
ISAAC GREEN, late of No. 7, Villiers Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
but now residing at No. 7, York Street, in the same County, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters Patent
under the Great Seal of that part of the United Kingdom called England,
bearing date the Eighth day of February, in the eighth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Darius
Isaac Green, Her special licence, that I, the said Darius Isaac Green, my exors,
adiors, and assigns, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend.
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the
Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her said
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, a certain Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS OF RAISING AND MOVING HEAVY BODIES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE
APPLICABLE AMONGST OTHER USES TO MINES, VESSELS, AND PUBLIC WORKS;" in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said Darius
Isaac Green, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly
to describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in

page_text: Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next after
the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Darius Isaac Green, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is described and ascer-
tained by this Specification, and the Drawings referred to and accompanying
the same, marked respectively A, B, C, D, E, and F, and the figures and letters
thereon appearing; and consists of improvements in the means of applying
pneumatic, hydro-pneumatic, and hydro-propulsion, in combination with engines
and machinery, to raise and move heavy bodies or vehicles up and along
vertical shafts, inclined planes, and along levels, for the purpose of assisting
and facilitating conveyance of materials, goods, vehicles, and persons; parts of
which said means are applicable to moving materials in mines, or raising and
moving up the shafts thereof; and for other uses, such as moving materials
or goods in public works, such as docks or railways; and parts to moving
vessels along rivers and canals; and the aforesaid propulsion is induced by
stationary prime movers, such as steam or water power.
First, to raise and move materials and persons in and along mines, or the
inclined planes and shafts thereof, an air pipe, of any required capacity, must
be laid in and along the mine, and continued up the shaft thereof to the
surface level of the ground, as exhibited in the Drawing marked A, where
a, a, a, a, is the shaft; b, b, b, b, the air pipe or the hydro-pneumatic pipe
herein described; c, c, c, c, the vehicle for raising materials or persons up and
down the shaft of a mine, or up and down to the floors of warehouses or
public docks; d, d, d, d, is the ground plan of the shaft; e, e, the cross section
of the pipe and its machinery; and f, f, the end view of the vehicle moving
in connection therewith. The lengths of the pipe are connected by common
joints, and let into the masonry of the shaft for support. The pipe is con-
structed of the form shewn at 1, 2, 3, 4; 1, 2, forming a trough on the pipe,
the trough having lips or edges 5, 5, on which grooved guide wheels move.
The pipe has a partition 6, throughout its whole length, forming an air-tight
receptacle for air in one of its uses; the part of the pipe between one side of
the said partition and the said trough forms another continuous cavity, which
is covered over and made air and water tight by a flexible diaphram made of
leather or india-rubber, or any like substance that is impervious to air or
water, and which may be combined with coarse wire gauze or short metal
plates on its outer surface, and rivetted to the flexible diaphram, which is
fastened down at both its edges to two sides of the trough, and attached by

page_text: long bars and screws, and when so put on is made to rise and fall. It is made
to rise by the compression of air in its cavity formed by, its inner side when
put on, and the side of the said partition in the pipe; and it is made to fall
to or against the said partition by its own weight, or by rollers made to
move and press on it. One end of the diaphram, at the lower part of the
shaft or pipe, is closed or fastened, and made air-tight, and at the other end
of the pipe, near the the surface level, it is open to afford a vent for the exit
of the fluid; and near to the end where the diaphram is so fastened, there is
a common valve and slide, such as is used on the cylinders of steam engines,
and which valve is made to open and close by the action of a lever. 7 is the
diaphram, and 8, 9, 10, is the slide and lever. On the tops of the edges 5, 5, are
common racks 11, 11, 11, 11. Z is the vehicle for moving up and down and
along the pipe when moving vertically or on an incline or level surface, but for
the latter purpose it must be furnished with bearing wheels, which may be made
to move on rails. 12, 12, 12, 12, is the body of the vehicle, placed upon the
pipe in manner shewn for working vertically; 13, 13, 13, 13, are grooved
guide wheels which connect the vehicle with the pipe; 14, 14, is a pro-
pelling wheel, against which the said diaphram expands to propel the vehicle;
15, 15, is a break having bars of timber 16, 16, made to press against the
sides of the troughs, to retard the descent or stop the vehicle; 17, 17, is a
lever and weight having a parallel motion 18, 18, by which the break is
made to act; 19, 19, aro palls made to act on the said racks of the pipe, and
made to move in contact with the said racks by springs, so as to check the
descent of the vehicle; 20 is a platform with a railing and place for the
conductor of the vehicle; and 21, 22, are boxes for holding materials or
persons.
Now the method of working this part of the Invention is, by compressing
air into the pipe by means of fixed prime movers and air pumps, say with a
degree of pressure equal to two or three atmospheres. When the vehicle is
about to be moved along the pipe of the mine, or up its shaft, the lever 10
being moved, the valve will open between the cavity of the pipe containing
compressed air and the cavity formed by the expanding diaphram. The propelling
wheel 14, 14, being in advance of the valve, the air will expand against the
diaphram to raise it up, and make it press against the wheel 14, 14, (which
rolls on the diaphram to keep it down in advance of the expanding air, and
so that the air cannot pass it); the diaphram passing against the wheel 14, 14,
will propel it forward and along the mine or up the shaft, and so raise and
move materials or persons. The break lever being raised by hand to prevent
retardation, the said guide wheels guide the vehicle in its proper path along

page_text: the pipe to or above the surface level of the works. To prevent any acci-
dental descent of the vehicle, the palls acting on the racks prevent its descent,
except when relieved by hand and a lever for that purpose. After the vehicle
has arrived at the surface level, its load discharged, and it is desired to
descend, the speed of its descent may be regulated by the said break, the
weight of which keeps the break always in contact, and its degree of pressure
must be regulated by the hand. When the vehicle has arrived at the surface
level, the propelling wheel 14, 14, will pass the open end of the diaphram,
and allow the air that has expanded the diaphram to escape; a lever at
the surface level communicating by a rod or wire with the lever of the
valve at the bottom of the shaft; will shut off the expanding air from the
diaphram, the wheel 14, 14, may be relieved from pressing on the diaphram
by the action of a rod and screw during the descent of the vehicle. This
improvement applied to mines affords as well a ready means of ventilating
mines by the action of the air pumps, which may be made to exhaust the air
from the mine, particularly in cases of explosions to relieve the mine of fire-
damp, affords a ready means of raising injured persons from the mine, and a
ready access to the wounded.
Secondly, for raising and moving heavy bodies on and along inclines, and
other parts of railways, is formed with parts of the before described method
and machinery, combined with further method and machinery, what is here
desiguated a hydro-pneumatic railway whereby heavy bodies may be moved
on and along the said railway by hydro-pneumatic propulsion. To this end,
and referring to Drawing B, Figs. 1, 2, 3, in cross section and plan Fig. 1,
and side elevation and section Figs. 2, 3, a skeleton pipe a, a, a, a, a, a, Figs. 1, 2,
being half the diameter of a cylinder, is combined with a railway in manner
shewn. The aforesaid flexible diaphram is laid on to the said skeleton pipe,
and being fastened by both its edges along the edges of the skeleton pipe by
bars and screw bolts, and made water tight, the diaphram is made to rise by
the cavity formed by it, and the pipe being filled with water, and distending
the diaphram. Reservoirs of water and air are placed along by the side
of a railway, either on a level with or below it, or above it as herein-after
described; the lower part of the reservoir being for water, the upper part
for air. X, Fig. 2, is the reservoir; a branch pipe b, b, connects the reservoirs
with the propelling conduit on the railway, for the supply of water thereto, ;
and on the said branch pipe b, b, is a valve and lever c, d. On the railway,
and near to the reservoirs, are branch pipes e, e, connected
pipe b, b, and having slide valves at f.f, moved by a lever g. With the reservoir
is connected an air pipe he, having a valve k, and another air pipe 7, 1, having
with the branch

page_text: also a valve m. The valves k.and m are opened and closed by two levers n, n,
connected by a rod p, p. In the lower part of the reservoir is a standard 9, on
which is a centre of gravity weight and lever r,, connected with a rod s,
which acts upon the lever g. r, r. is connected with a float t, having a rod u,
with a catch moving loosely through a guide w. The pipe leads to and is
connected with a stationary prime mover, having air pumps arranged for
rarifying and compressing air through the pipe l, which pipe communicates
with the other reservoirs placed along a line of railway at required distances
apart. W, W, Figs. 1 and 2, is a propelling vehicle, having a broad wheel
H, H, which conforms to the form of the skeleton pipe, when the diaphram is
down, and is made to move up and down by the action of a screw and handle.
The wheel H, H, rolls lightly on the diaphram to keep it depressed against
the skeleton pipe, and prevent the water when let into the said conduit from
passing the wheel H, H.
Now the method of putting the hydro-pneumatic railway into action, to
raise and move heavy bodies on and along inclined plans and other parts of a
railway, is as follows:-The diaphram being laid along the skeleton pipe in
lengths of, say one quarter of a mile, more or less, and being fastened down at
both ends, but not being allowed to expand at the ends, but being diminished
gradually for that purpose, a supply of water being in each of the reservoirs,
equal to the contents of the said conduit, the action of the stationary prime
movers exhaust the air in the air pipe 7, 7, connected with them and the air
pumps, for the purpose of, in the first instance, rarifying the air in the reser-
voir; the valve c being opened, the water will flow into the reservoir X,
through the branch pipe b, b, when the said diaphram will be depressed. At
starting the wheel H, H, of the vehicle, W, W, is depressed on to the diaphram,
which now lays on to the skeleton pipe, the valve c having been closed to
retain the water in the reservoir. The reservoir X for this application being
situated on a higher level than the railway, on the valve c being opened the
water will flow from the reservoir through the pipe b, b, into the skeleton pipe,
will raise the diaphram, pressing it against the wheel II, II, and propel it and
the vehicle W, W, forward, and so raise and propel it up and along the incline
and along other parts of the railway, and any other heavy bodies on wheels
connected with it; and the vehicle will be propelled with a force proportioned
to the size of the diaphram, and the head of water flowing from the reservoir
X. The reservoirs are always at the beginning of a section of the diaphram.
On passing a reservoir, the vehicle W, W, moves a lever x, that opens the
slide k to let in the pressure of the atmosphere into the reservoir on to the
water, and at the same time by the rod p, p, shuts off the slide m, on the

page_text: vacuum pipe 1,1; the water will then descend as aforesaid, raising the diaphram
to propel the vehicle W, W. The skeleton pipe and diaphram terminate at
the points of the branch pipes e, e, forming a communication with the section
of the pipes. y, c, is a lever acting on a slide for shutting off the communication
with the pipe 1, 1, moved for that purpose by the vehicle W, W, on its
approach, for preventing the water from flowing into the section of the
skeleton pipe just passed by the vehicle, but may be opened in like manner by
the vehicle W, W, when moving back, or in an opposite direction of the rail-
way. As the water flows out of the reservoir into the skeleton pipe, the float
t will, by its gravity, descend with the water, and when the catch v descends
through the eye of the guide w, it will rest upon the eye of the lever r, and
will depress it so as to make the weight r pass the centre of gravity. The
weight falling will, by its lever acting in a slot of the rod s, cause it to move
from s to s 1, as shewn by the dotted lines, (which indicate that that part of
the machinery is on the outside of the tank, and connected with a shaft on
the inside, and working through a stuffing box,) and so moving will act upon
the rod p, p, to shut off the slides and m, by their levers n, n, so as to shut
off the atmosphere from the reservoir, and open the communication with
the prime movers through the pipe 1, 1, so as again to rarify the air in
the reservoir, and cause the water to flow back from the skeleton pipe into the
reservoir through the pipe b, b; and as the water ascends in the reservoir
the float t will rise again with the water and raise the weight r, which, in rising,
will close the valve m, and open the valve k; and when the next vehicle W, W,
approaches the lever b of the valve c, and moves it, the water will again flow into
the skeleton pipe to propel the vehicle W, W, as before, and so on for all the
other sections of the railway and reservoirs. Another means of working the
same arrangement is by placing the reservoirs on a lower level than the railway,
and first exhausting the reservoirs through the pipe I, as described, and then by
reversing the air pumps of the prime movers compressing air into the reservoir
on to the water to make it flow into the skeleton pipe with a force commensu-
rate with the degree of pressure used, which may be the pressure of two or
three atmospheres, the valves and levers being properly arranged for that pur-
pose; so that by alternately exhausting the air in the reservoirs, and compressing
it in the same, the water may be made to flow into and out of the skeleton pipe
for the aforesaid purpose, and the Invention may be worked in that manner.
Thirdly. A further part of the improvements in the means of raising and
moving heavy bodies on inclines and other parts of railways, is affected by the
action of water made to act from reservoirs or tanks through close pipes to
put fixed machinery and ropes in motion, by means of which vehicles and heavy

page_text: bodies, being connected with the ropes, are raised or moved; for which purpose,
referring to the Drawing marked C, Figs. 1, 2, the end view and side elevation
of a railway, with the improved machinery, is shown. On this Drawing, a, a, a, a,
is a close pipe, of any convenient capacity, laid along an inclined plane or rail-
way, and connected with reservoirs for water and air, as before described, or
for water alone, the reservoir X being placed at a high elevation for the
purpose of getting suitable head of water. At fixed points along railway,
at distances of a quarter of a mile apart, more or less, and connected with the
said pipe a, a, must be fixed water impelling engines, such as are well known
as turbans, or any similar engines. The turbans have a rotatory motion, they
are surrounded with a case and exit pipe for leading off the water to proper
drains; b, b, b, is the turban; c, c, c, its ease; d, d, are the exit pipe; g is a
valve acted upon by a lever and connecting rod h, h; is a branch pipe com-
municating with the roservoir X, and the pipe a, a; 1,1,1,1, are rope pullies,
connected by endless ropes with pullies placed on the shaft of the turban; b, b,
two endless ropes, lead from the turban to each of the nearest wheels; 7, 1, the
turban causing both endless ropes to move. M, M, Figs. 1, 2, is a vehicle
moving on a railway, and to be moved by the said ropes; the connection of
M, M, with the rope is made by a forked instrument that moves out through
a guide to grasp and bend the rope, and hold on to it until it approaches the
places where the pullies are; it then leaves its hold and moves in, so as to avoid
collision with the pullies; the action of moving in and out is caused by a curved
surface placed at all the pullies, and is bent from n to 1, as shewn by the dotted
lines, and by a guide wheel p, which moves on the bent surface to guide the
forked instrument in and out from time to time. Now the action of this
arrangement is as follows:-Water is let into the reservoirs X from higher
levels, or forced into them by fixed prime movers. The pipes a, a, are filled
with water, having a head of water of sufficient force.
to open the valve g; when the head of water will flow into the turban to put it
into action, it will revolve and give motion to its pullies, and the endless ropes
connected with them. The vehicle M, with its forked instrument, being con-
nected with the rope, it will be moved along by it, and on passing the pullies the
forked instrument, guided by the curved surface n and wheel p, will leave and
resume its hold of the rope from time to time.
The lever h, h, is made
Fourthly. A further part of the means of raising and moving heavy bodies,
and applicable to public works, namely, the inclines and other parts of rail-
ways, is effected by combining parts of the herein-before described engines
and methods with further varied engines and methods, to effect pneumatic
propulsion, induced by the fixed prime movers aforesaid, to raise and move

page_text: heavy bodies,—namely, vehicles for moving materials and persons. To that end,
reference being had to the Drawing marked D, Figs. 1, 2, and to the parts
and figures thereon, and wherein a section plan and elevation of the inclined
plane or other part of a double railway is shewn, a square pipe A, Figs 1, 2, of
any required capacity, must be made, and the lengths thereof connected
by ordinary jointing. The pipe is of the form shewn, and supported by longi-
tudinal bearers, as shewn, and laid between the double tracks of a railway, so
as to afford propulsion for vehicles moving up and down the lines in opposite
directions. a, a, a, a, are two of the aforesaid flexible diaphrams attached at
both their edges to the projections of the square pipe by long bars and screws,
in manner shewn, and so put on to the same pipe as to make the two
diaphrams air-tight. The pipe A is a continuous pipe, and forms a reservoir
for air. The diaphram is put on in lengths of one eighth of a mile, more
or less. The beginning of each section is fastened across its end as at its
sides, being diminished to nothing when so fastened, but being gradually
enlarged so as to expand at a few feet from its end. The other end of the
diaphram is not so fastened, but has an open mouth for the exit of air; all
the other sections of the diaphragm are attached in like manner along the
pipe. Near to each end of the diaphrams so fastened down is a slide valve
b, b, b, b, b, b, like the slide valve of the cylinder of a steam engine, which valves
are opened and closed by levers c, c, c, c, c, c, acting on shafts d, d, d, d, d, d, and
connecting rods e, the shafts working through stuffing boxes in the pipe as
shewn at section Fig. 1. Branch pipes connect the pipe A with the air pumps
of the prime movers; K, K, K are propelling vehicles placed on the two
bracks of a double railway for moving up and down an incline or other part of
a railway. To the vehicle K is attached a broad propelling wheel 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
suspended by a moveable joint h, h, h, h, h, on which it is made to move by a
lever k, k, k, k, k; on the lever is a pall m, m, m, m, m, that acts in a rack
n, n, n, n, n, attached to the vehicle for steadying the wheels g, g. Common
breaks are also attached to the vehicle. A railway, so constructed and provided,
is in a condition to raise and move heavy bodies.
Now the method of applying pnewmatic propulsion for the objects afore-
said is as follows: The prime movers, constantly working, compress air
into the reservoir pipe A to the extent of two or three atmospheres, more
or less. When it is desired to move the vehicle K, it is placed on the
railway for the up and down line; and at starting the propelling wheels g, g,
are lowered on to the diaphram (in advance of the valves b, b, b,) so as to
press lightly upon the diaphram by the action of the levers h, k, k, and kept
by the pall m, m, m, and the rack n, n, n. The valve b, b, being opened

page_text: by the lever c, the compressed air will expand from the pipe A into the cavity
formed by the diaphram, and will press the diaphram against the wheel g, g,
and so propel it forward (the air continuing to expand under the diaphram
along its whole length); and the diaphram is made to rise and fall through
any required space for that purpose, say, through a space of eight or ten inches-
according to its width-that is to say, to rise four or five inches from its place
of attachment, and fall to an equal distance below it. The vehicle is thus
moved along, and rolls over the end of the diaphram, not fastened down, but
having an open mouth, and rolls on and over the beginning of another section
of the diaphram, which is fastened down as aforesaid, at which point another
valve b, b, being opened to that section by its lever c; the vehicle K will be
propelled along that section also; and so for all the other sections of the
diaphrams. When the vehicle K has passed over one section, the valve b, b,
of that section is shut off from the reservoir A, when the diaphram by its
weight will press the air from its cavity into the atmosphere through its open
end, and it will be in a condition to move on another vehicle in like manner;
thus the compressed air expands from time to time through a length of one
and each section of the diaphrams. When it is desired to stop the vehicle,
the breaks are put on, and the wheels g, g, may be raised, and again replaced
when it is desired to move on; but, when raised, the valve should be closed,
so as not to waste the power.
Fifthly. A further improvement in the means of moving heavy bodies, and
also for moving vessels along rivers or canals, is described and explained by
referring to Drawing E, Figs. 1, 2, which shew the end view and side cleva-
tion of a pneumatic suspension propeller; for which purpose the skeleton
pipe, with the aforesaid expanding diaphram, is suspended on piles along a
line, which may be the towing-path of a canal, or the side of a river, for moving
vessels or other heavy bodies. Fixed prime movers effect pneumatic propul-
sion to cause vehicles to move thercon; the prime movers may be common breast
or undershot water wheels, which may be connected with air pumps for the
above purpose. The water wheels may be put in action by the water from the
higher levels of canals. The pipe here used is the skeleton pipe and diaphragm
before stated. The pipe may be of a D form, having the partition before
mentioned. The pipe is a reservoir for air, as before mentioned. In the
Drawing E, a, a, a, a, a, are piles projecting about two feet above the surface
level of the ground. They are parallel piles, sustained by wrought iron straps
b, b, b, b, b. The projections of the pipe, which are its rails, rest on the heads of
the piles. A is the pipe with the said diphram, and which may be about nine

page_text: inches diameter; Lis the body of a vehicle, suspended on the axles of the
propelling wheels c, c, c, c, having flanges; four grooved guide wheels d, d, d, d,
are attached to the carriage, and move on the projecting rails of the pipe; Qis
a propelling wheel attached to the vehicle that rolls on the diaphram in manner
before stated, and is moved up and down by the action of a screw and handle.
The diaphram is put on in sections, as before stated, near to the ends of which
sections are placed the aforesaid slide valves and levers for sutting off and on
the communication between the reservoir and the cavity of the diaphram.
The body of the vehicle is of the form shewn, and suspended so as that the
bottom of the vehicle shall be above the surface level of the ground. The
grooved wheels d, d, as well as the flanges of the bearing wheels, guide the
vehicle in its proper path, and prevent it from touching the piles, or being
hrown off the rails.
Now the means of working this arrangement is similar to the means
herein-before explained in the Drawing marked D. The said water wheels
or other prime movers compressing air into the reservoir A, which is made
continuous for that purpose to the degree of two or three atmospheres,
more or less; the said valves being opened, the air will expand against the
diaphram to raise it and press the propelling wheel Q forward, and so move
the vehicle L; and when the propelling wheel has passed over one section
of the diaphram and on to another, the vehicle will open another valve to
allow the air again to expand against the diaphramı as before, and so on along
the pipe, whilst the valve of the last section being then shut off, the weight of
the diaphram will force the remaining contained air out at its open end; the
prime movers constantly working and compressing air into the reservoir A. In
order that vessels or other heavy bodies may be moved along rivers or canals,
the tow line of such vessels or other bodies must be attached to the vehicle L
which, when in motion, will move such vessels or bodies.
Sixthly. In order the better to facilitate the working of the herein-before
mentioned means of moving heavy bodies along from place to place on and in
communication with railways, and in particular where railways of different
guages or widths between the tracks of the rails thereof may be connected with
one and other, and in order that vehicles of a wide guage may move on to and
along a railway having a broad guage or distance between the rails, and in
order that the same vehicles so used on a broad guage may move on to and
along a railway having a narrow guage or distance between the rails thereof,
and so again move from a narrow to a broader guage without delay or impedi-
ment thereto, the vehicles may be constructed in manner herein-after described

page_text: for that purpose. With that object, referring to the Drawing maked F,
Figs. 1, 2, 2, the means are explained—a, a, a, a, a, a, Fig. 1, is the end view
of a railway having a broad guage, and connected with a railway of a narrow
guage, and continuing and again connected with a railway of a different
guage. At Figs. 1, 2, and 3 is the end view, plan, and elevation of a rail-
way vehicle; b, b, b, b, b, b, are diminishing guide rails, between which and the
rails a, a, a, a, a, a, the flanges of the bearing wheels move; the rails b, b, b, b, b, b,
being about two inches higher than the rails a, a, a, a, a, a; the guide
rails b, b, are laid where the railways of different guages meet and are
connected, and are laid of any convenient length, so as to guide the vehicle from
one railway to another of a different guage, in manner shown, at the place where
the broad guage is to be changed into the narrower guage; at the beginning
of such place a short inclined surface c, c, is to be fixed in the middle of a track
of a railway, for the purpose of unlocking the bearing wheels, which are mado
to lock and unlock by the action of an instrument; and the bearing wheels,
which turn with their axles, are made to slide in and out on the axles, so as to
contract and expand to the rails of a wider or narrower guage. For that
purpose sliding ferrules d, d, d, d, d, d, slide in and out on the axles e, e, c, c, e, e.
The axles may be square where the ferrules slide, or may be round; and cach
part of the axles where if round may have a key, and each of the ferrules may
have a groove in which the key moves, to prevent the ferrules turning on,
the axles. The bearing wheels are keyed on to the ferrules; the ends of the
axles turn in their boxes in the common way. The axles at e, e, have shoulders,
against which the ferrules are checked when contracted, as shown by the dotted
lines in Fig. 1 g,J,9, J. J.J, is the instrument or key for locking and unlock-
ing the wheels. It is of the form shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. At the end of the
arms, as at g, g, are forks that lay on to the ferrules which turn in the forks;
the key is suspended on a moveable joint at h, h, h, h, and has a lever and
roller k, k, k, k, k. The wheel k is intended to roll on the inclined surface c. to
lift the key and its forks until the shoulders of the ferrules d move past the
forks of the arms g in contracting or expanding; when contracting, and the
shoulders pass the forks, the forks lie on the ferrules; but when the ferrules
are expanded the shoulders thereof lie against the forked surfaces, and the
ferrules and bearing wheels are locked to the broad guage, and the square part
of the axle turns without touching the fork; but when the ferrales d, d, are
against the shoulders of the axles at e, e, the bearing wheels are locked
by the narrow guage acting against the flanges of the bearing wheels. The
instrument or key on the fore axle of a vehicle may be coupled with a key of

page_text: the hinder axle of the same vehicle.
When the bearing wheels are expanding
from a narrower to a broader guage, the forks of the arms g slide over the
enlarged part of the ferrules, and fall against their shoulders to lock the wheels
apart. Now by this arrangement vehicles so constructed, and railways of
different guages being so connected and arranged, vehicles may move rapidly,
and without impediment, from a broader to a narrower guage, and from a
narrower to a broader guage, without stoppage or delay, the wheels being made
to move in and out by the guide rails b, b, and the aforesaid instrument
or key.
Now, notwithstanding the improvements in the means of raising and moving
heavy bodies by the methods herein-before stated and explained, and exhibited
in the several Drawings, and the parts of the machinery therefore, and the
means of applying thereto and using therewith pneumatic, hydro-pneumatic,
and hydro-propulsion in combination therewith, and the several combinations
of machinery used for the purposes aforesaid may be varied in their parts and
dimensions, and the materials of which the parts may be composed, the com-
bination and means of using what is herein first described and explained in the
Drawing marked A is hereby claimed as herein described. And also the
combination and means of using what is herein secondly described and
explained in the Drawing marked B is hereby claimed as herein described.
And also the combination and means of using what is herein thirdly described
and explained in the Drawing marked C is hereby claimed as herein
described. And also the combination and means of using what is herein
fourthly described and explained in the Drawing marked D is hereby claimed
as herein described. And also the combination and means of using what is
herein fifthly described and explained in the Drawing marked E is hereby
claimed as herein described. And also the combination and means of using
what is herein sixthly described and explained in the Drawing marked F, is
hereby claimed. And the right to vary the forms, dimensions, and materials,
and mechanical arrangements in detail, for the more conveniently carrying
into effect the means herein described, for the purposes aforesaid, is also hereby
claimed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Darius Isaac Green, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighth day of August, in the
year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid Darius Isaac Green came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thou-
sand eight hundred and forty-five.
Enrolled the Eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thou-
sand eight hundred and forty-five.