IMPROVEMENTS IN DIWA ARRARAMIS DAD THE POR DARE
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Harris, of Southampton, in the County
of Hants, Picture Restorer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DIWA
ARRARAMIS DAD THE POR DARE "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Harris at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th September 1870.
I, HENRY HARRIS, of Southampton, in the County of Hants, Picture
Restorer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN FILTERING, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE," to be as
follows:
1
The main object of this Invention is to provide means of filtering
water direct from the service pipe, and thus avoid the necessity of
conveying the water to separate or detached filters.
For this purpose, according to my Invention, I attach to or connect.
with the water service or supply pipe a filter or filtering vessel or
chamber containing two, three, or more compartments, formed by fitting.

page_text: in the vessel or chamber partitions made of perforated metal, wire
gauze, or other pierced, perforated, or reticulated material, and the
· compartments are arranged one before or next the other, so that the
water shall pass from the service or supply pipe into each compart-
ment in succession, and be discharged from the last of the series by a
spout, pipe, or outlet, which is furnished with a tap or like appliance.
Perforated plates, wire cloth discs, or pieces of similar perforated or
reticulated material are placed with regard to the service pipe and the
outlet in such manner that the water in passing to and from the filtering
chamber shall pass through such perforated or reticulated material.
The compartments contain filtering agents or media, gravel, compressed
sponge, charcoal, and pumice stone being in some cases recommended,
and the agents are selected so as to be graduated, that is to say, in the
hindmost or first entered compartment, or the one nearest the supply
pipe there might be a compressed sponge as a filtering agent capable of
resisting the grosser impurities of the water; in the next compartment
there would be a finer filtering agent; in the third a still finer agent,
and so on if there be more compartments. Hence the water will thus
be discharged from the outlet in a duly filtered condition.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Harris in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 17th March 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
HARRIS, of Southampton, in the County of Hants, Picture Restorer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Henry Harris, Her special licence that I,
the said Henry Harris, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Henry Harris, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,

page_text: within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Eslands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING,
AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Henry Harris, my executors or administrators, by
5 an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
) Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Harris, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
The main object of this Invention is to provide means of filtering
water direct from the service pipe (in order that it may retain its
freshness), and thus to avoid the necessity of conveying the water to
separate or detached filters.
For this purpose, according to my Invention, I attach to or connect
with the water service or supply pipe a filter or filtering vessel or
chamber containing three or more compartments, formed by fitting in
the vessel or chamber partitions made of perforated metal, wire gauze,
or other pierced, perforated, or reticulated material, and the compart-
ments are arranged one before the other or one next the other, so that
the water shall pass from the service or supply pipe into each com-
partment in succession, and be discharged from the last of the series
by a spout, pipe, or outlet, which is furnished with a tap or like
appliance. Perforated plates, wire cloth discs, or pieces of similar per-
forated or reticulated material are placed with regard to the service pipe
and the outlet in such manner that the water in passing to and from
the filtering chamber shall pass through such perforated or reticulated
material. The compartments contain filtering agents or media, gravel,
compressed sponge, charcoal, and pumice stone being in some cases.
recommended. The agents are selected so as to be graduated, that is
to say, in the hindermost or the first entered compartment, or the one.
earest the supply pipe, compressed sponge may be used as a filtering

page_text: agent capable of resisting the grosser impurities of the water; in the
next compartment there would be a finer filtering agent; in the third
a still finer agent; and so on, if there be more compartments. Hence
the water will thus be discharged from the outlet in a duly filtered
condition.
The accompanying Drawings represent in what manner the Invention
may be carried into practical effect.
Figure 1 is an elevation, partly in perspective, shewing the filtering
apparatus applied to a service pipe A, A¹. (The part marked A¹ being
the portion or branch of the service pipe which forms the connection
between the main portion of such pipe and the filtering apparatus B.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of the filtering apparatus B, which is
held firmly to the wall or other support by a screw passing through a
lug 6 fixed on the filter. The filter B is divided into three compartments
bx, 6, 63, by partitions c*, c³. These partitions are made of pierced or
perforated zinc, or of wire gauze, or horsehair net, or other reticulated
material mounted in a rim or frame; d is a shield of similar perforated
or reticulated material, which covers the orifice or inlet e which forms
a communication between the pipe A' and the filter B; g is a similar
perforated or reticulated guard or shield of curved form which covers
the orifice or outlet through which the water is discharged from the
filter into and through a tap G.
Figure 3 is a plan of a partition c*, c³. The compartments 6x, b², b³,
are filled with filtering media graduated as to coarseness, that is to say,
the coarsest or least compressed filtering agents are in the compartment
b*; the less coarse or more compressed filtering media in the next
compartment 62; the finest and most compressed filtering agents in the
last compartment b³. For instance, the compartment 6* is filled with
coarse gravel mixed with pumice stone and carbon compressed by the
partition c*. A piece of sponge compressed by the superincumbent
filtering media lies over the shield d. The middle compartment contains
fine gravel mixed with pure carbon and compressed between two shields
of horsehair.
The uppermost compartment contains fine carbon and
compressed sponge; and a horsehair shield 9 covers the outlet f on
the inner side.
The filter may be made of porcelain fitted within an outer metal case
LT
Cu

page_text: The water in coming from the service pipe and being drawn off
therefrom through the tap G must pass through the filter B, and will be
filtered through the perforated or reticulated pieces d, c*, c³, and througli
the filtering agents contained in the compartments 6*, 62, 63, and will
emerge through the shield g into and through the tap G.
By this arrangement a continuous flow of purified water may be
obtained from the main source or from the service. pipes, by which
means its freshness is always assured and the accumulation of stagnant
and organic matters inevitable in ordinary filters is prevented. The
apparatus is self-cleansing, for immediately the tap is turned off and
the discharge ceases the water rushes back from the filter, carrying
with it all impurities from the entrance.
Figure 4 shews a modification in which the filter B is portable. It
is constructed in all respects like the filter B, Figures 1 and 2, except
that instead of the filter being a fixture and secured to the service pipe
by a rigid junction A', it is connected therewith by an india-rubber or
other flexible waterproof connecting tube A³, which is drawn over the
mouth of the ordinary tap h of the pipe A at one end, while at the other
end it is connected with the inlet i of the filter B. It is suspended at
its upper end from an ordinary nail or hook fixed to the wall or other
support and passing through a lug b on the filter B.
Figure 5 shews the filtering apparatus applied to an ordinary ball-
cock cistern Z. It may be applied in like manner to a bath or other
vessel for containing liquid. A, service pipe; B, filter; G, tap.
Figure 6 shews the arrangement applied to a pump so as to filter the
water discharged therefrom. B, filter; A³, elastic junction.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim as my
improvements in filtering and in apparatus for the purpose,-
First. The combination with the service or supply pipe of a filter or
filtering chamber, constructed and arranged as described, and attached
to or connected with the service or supply pipe, substantially as set
forth.
Second. The improved construction of filter herein-before described,
in which three or more compartments are formed, arranged, combined,

page_text: and disposed as set forth, and charged with graduated filtering agents or
media for the purpose explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Harris, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of March, in the year
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
HENRY HARRIS: (L.S.):
Witness,
CHARLES F. DEACON,
Clerk to Messrs. Deacon & Pearce,
Solicitors,
Southampton.