IMPROVEMENTS IN ORGANS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Frederick Stidolph and John Stidolph, both
of Ipswich, Organ Builders, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ORGANS."
Sealed the 2nd April 1861, and dated the 10th October 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Frederick Stidolph
and John Stidolph at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th October 1860.
We, GEORGE FREDERICK STIDOLPH and JOHN STIDOLPH, both of Ipswich,
Organ Builders, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN ORGANS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in organs. For these
purposes, in constructing organs as many small wind chests or reservoirs are
formed as there are stops in the organ, and each of these is capable of being
put in communication with the principal wind chest or reservoir by opening a
valve or pallet. On each of the small wind chests or reservoirs the pipes
belonging to one stop of the orgau are mounted, and when it is desired to
make use of either of the stops of the organ, the valve or pallet of the corre-
sponding small wind chest or reservoir is opened by any suitable mechanism
so as to allow the wind from the principal wind chest to enter it. Every pipe
of the organ is also furnished with a separate pallet or valve, which is operated

page_text: on by the keys, so that when a key is depressed the pallets or valves of all the
pipes which are of the note represented by the key are open, that is to say,
supposing the pallets or valves of as many pipes are opened as there are stops
in the organ, nevertheless those pipes only speak the small wind chests or
reservoirs of which have been put in communication with the principal wind
chest by opening the corresponding pallet or valve.
In constructing the pallets or valves of organs, more especially the pallets or
valves of each of the pipes of an organ constructed as above described, it is
preferred to employ tubes of flexible material (vulcanized india-rubber tubes
are very suitable) to connect the pipes with the wind chest or reservoir, and
these tubes are closed by pressing upon them externally so as to collapse
them; the pressure may be applied to the tube by a pressing piece of suitable
form, acted on by a spring, and which pressing piece, when it is desired to
allow wind to pass, is withdrawn by apparatus actuated by the key; or the
pressure may be applied by passing the tube through a slit in a stout piece of
vulcanized india-rubber; the two sides of the slit press on the tube, and
collapse it, but bystretching the piece of vulcanized india-rubberthe slit opens
and allows wind to pass through the tube; or a valve or plug closing by its
own weight on to a tube or seating of vulcanized india-rubber may be
employed. In constructing the valves or pallets for large or pedal pipes a tube
of vulcanized india-rubber is employed, one end of which enters the wind chest
or reservoir, while the other communicates with the pipe; into the former end
a nozzle is fitted; there is, however, no opening at the extremity of this
nozzle, but it is divided into two parts longitudinally; the elasticity of the
india-rubber tube holds the two parts of the nozzle together, and prevents the
wind entering, but when it is desired the organ pipe should speak, the two
parts of the nozzle are separated or drawn apart by any suitable instruments.
A ring of vulcanized india-rubber placed around the nozzle may be used to
assist the tube in closing the nozzle. The metal pipes of organs are now
commonly fixed in their places by making them conical at their ends, and
inserting them into holes formed in the sound board; when pipes are mounted
in this manner we employ a ring of vulcanized india-rubber to prevent the
escape of wind around the foot of the pipe. We, however, prefer to fix the
pipes in their places by means of a tube having a screw cut on it externally,
and screwing both into a block which is fitted into the pipe immediately
below the mouth, and also into the sound board or other board on which the
pipe stands, or the connecting tube may be driven or otherwise permanently
fixed into one of these parts. By this arrangement the length of the pipe is
considerably reduced, the conical prolongation of the pipes below the mouth

page_text: being no longer required. In place of the stay board ordinarily employed
a rail is used passing at the back of the pipes near their upper ends, and
the pipes are secured thereto by strips of soft metal attached to the rail,
and turned down over the upper edges of the pipes.
In constructing the wooden pipes of organs, in place of making each pipe
separately, as heretofore, we combine together two or more pipes, so that one
or more of the sides of each pipe may be common both to it and to an adjacent
pipe or pipes. By this means the pipes can be arranged in a smaller space
than when made separately, as heretofore. In arranging such pipes as are
closed at the end, in place of fitting them, as is usual, with pistons on plugs
which, in order to tune the pipes, are inserted a greater or less distance into
them, as may be required; we close such pipes at the end by diaphragms of
vulcanized india-rubber, and the tuning a pipe is then effected by pressing on
the diaphragm, and causing it to enter the pipe to a greater or less extent.
For the purpose of blowing organs, in place of the ordinary bellows and wind
chest, we employ two cylinders, into both of which pistons are fitted; one of
these pistons is worked up and down by suitable levers, and is fitted with a
valve, through which air can enter the cylinder during the up stroke of the
piston; there is a passage connecting this first cylinder with the second
cylinder, and in the passage is a valve, which allows the wind to enter the
second cylinder from the first, but not to pass in the contrary direction. The
piston in the second cylinder is weighted, according to the pressure at which
it is desired to maintain the wind in this cylinder, which acts as a wind
reservoir. Two or a greater number of forcing cylinders may be used, if
desired, to supply wind to the reservoir cylinder.
For blowing small chamber organs we employ a different arrangeinent at
one side or at the back of the instrument, and at its lower part we hinge a
frame, and on this frame the bellows are mounted on one side, and the wind
chest on the other; the frame, when the instrument is out of use, folds up
close to the side or back of the instrument, and the wind chest and bellows
fold close into the frame. When the instrument is required for use, the frame
falls down into an inclined position, and is there fixed by suitable the
stays;
wind chest (which is triangular at the sides, or similar in form to ordinary
smith's bellows) works between the frame and the side of the instrument and
the bellows (which resemble the wind chest in form) are worked by suitable
levers ou the outer side of the frame; into this frame we insert the pallets or
tubes connected with the pipes. In small chamber organs we actuate the
bellows by means of a rocking or moving seat, coupled with suitable levers to
convey the motion to the bellows. In mounting the bellows lever of organs,

page_text: in order that it may work more quietly and with less friction than heretofore,
we mount it on an axis, and arrange the axis to turn on points at its ends.
In organs in which it is desired that a single key shall in some cases cause
pipes of two (or it may be a greater number) of notes to sound at one time, in
place of using a coupler of the ordinary description, we so arrange the key-
board that it may be depressed by a sufficient pressure exerted upon it in such
a manner that without interfering with the connections of the keys with the
trackers or instruments on which they usually act, the keys may be brought
down so as to act also on another set of trackers or instruments; thus, in an
organ so arranged, by depressing a key two trackers are acted upon, and
pipes of two (or it may be of a greater number of) notes made to sound in
unison.
In order that a person when playing may be able to open the shutters of
the swell without the use of a pedal, we place a rail at the front of the key-
board, so that the wrist whilst playing may rest upon it, and this rail is so
arranged that by pressing firmly upon it with the wrist, which can be con-
veniently done whilst playing, levers will be put in motion, which will actuate
the shutters of the swell; or the depression of the key-board, as above
described, may be caused to open the shutters of the swell at the same time
that it affects the octave movement. In a similar manner, by varying the
arrangement of the lovers in the construction of the organ, stops may be
drawn out, or large pipes caused to sound, as may be desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Frederick Stidolph and John Stidolph in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th April 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
FREDERICK STIDOLPH and JOHN STIDOLPH, both of Ipswich, Organ Builders,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
George Frederick Stidolph and John Stidolph, Her special licence that
we, the said George Frederick Stidolph and John Stidolph, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said George Frederick
Stidolph and John Stidolph, our executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed,should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN ORGANS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
George Frederick Stidolph and John Stidolph, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Frederick Stidolph, on behalf
of myself and the said John Stidolph, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in organs.
For these
purposes in constructing organs as many small wind chests or reservoirs are
formed as there are stops in the organ, and each of these is capable of being
put in communication with the principal wind chest or reservoir by open-
ing a valvė or pallet. On each of the small wind chests or reservoirs the
pipes belonging to one stop of the organ are mounted, and when it is desired
to make use of either of the stops of the organ, the valve or pallet of the
corresponding small wind chest or reservoir is opened by any suitable
mechanism so as to allow the wind from the principal wind chest to enter it.
Every pipe of the organ is also furnished with a separate pallet or valve,
which is operated on by the keys, so that when a key is depressed the pallets
or valves of all the pipes which are of the note represented by the key are
opened, that is to say, the pallets or valves of as many pipes are opened as
there are stops in the organ. Nevertheless, those pipes only speak the
small wind chests or reservoirs of which have been put in commanication
with the principal wind chest by opening the corresponding pallet or valve.
This arrangement is shown at Figures 1, 2, and 3; Figure 1 is a vertical
and longitudinal section taken through a trunk iu connection with the prin
cipal wind chest, and also through one of the small wind chests or reser-
voirs; Figure 2 is a horizontal section taken at the line 1, 1, Figure 1;
and Figure is a transverse section taken at the line 2, 2, Figures 1 and 2.
aa,a,a, are trunks all in direct cominunication with theprincipal wind chest;

page_text: b, b, b, b, are four small wind chests thereon; each of these has mounted on it
the pipes c,c, of one stop of the organ, and each pipe is furnished with a sepa-
rate pallet d, the construction of which is herein-after described, and when
a finger key is depressed as before mentioned the pallets d of all the corre-
sponding pipes are opened, that is, the pallet of one pipe on each small wind
chest b. Wind is admitted to the small wind chests by opening the corre-
sponding pallets either in the set e, e, c, e, or the set ffff. The pallets
e, e, are actuated by trackers g. 9, passing through the bottom of the trunks
a by suitable wind-tight joints, and each connected to an arm on one of the
rollers, ; these rollers, as the Drawing shows, are each furnished with
another arm, under which a sticker is placed, and the 1 wer ends of these
stickers rest on wedges, which by trackers are immediately connected with
the draw stops, so that, as will readily be traced, when these are drawn out
the pallets are opened. The pallets f, f, are by trackers h, k, connected
with pedals in pairs or otherwise, as may be required, so that by depress-
ing a pedal, two or several stops may be brought into action.
In constructing the pallets or valves of organs, more especially the pallets
or valves of each of the pipes of an organ constructed as above described,
it is preferred to employ tubes of flexible material (vulcanized india-rubber
tubes are very suitable) to connect the pipes with the wind chest or reser-
voir, and these tubes are closed by pressing upon them externally so as to
collapse them; the pressure may be applied to the tube by a pressing piece
of suitable form acted on by a spring, and which pressing piece when it is
desired to allow wind to pass is withdrawn by apparatus actuated by the key.
Figure 4 is a front view, and Figure 5 a vertical section, of a pallet so con-
structed. a, a, is a tube of wood with a circular hole a bored into it on one
side, and there is a rectangular notch taken out at the lower part of this hole;
b is a tube of vuicanized india-rubber passing through the wooden tube and
fitting it tightly at each end; the tube is flattened in the middle and expan-
ded laterally, as the Drawing shows. At this part it rests on a padded
bridge c fixed within the tube a; d is a piece jointed at its lower end to the
piece a; it is furnished with a projection d', which bears on the tube b, and is
pressed against it by the spring e with sufficient force to collapse and close the
tube; fis an eye to which a tracker is attached, and this when acted on(either
directly or indirectly) by the finger key draws back the piece d, and allows the
wind to pass to the pipe. The employing pallets outside the wind chest, in
place of therein as heretofore, is an important part of our Invention. Or
pressure may be applied by passing the tube through a slit in a stout piece
of vulcanized india-rubber; the two sides of the slit press on the tube and
the

page_text: collapse it, but by stretching the piece of vulcanized india-rubber the slit
opens and allows wind to pass through the tube.
I prefer, however, the arrangement first described; or a valve or plug
closing by its own weight on to a tube or seating of vulcanized india-rubber
may be employed. A vertical section of this arrangement is shown at Figure 6.
a is a wooden tube enlarged in the centre; into the lower part of this tube a
seating consisting ofa short piece ofa tube of vulcanized india-rubber bisfitted;
over this the metal conc cissuspended from the end of the lever d, which passes
through a slot in the side of the tube a, and turns on an axis fixed therein;
the slot in the tube is made tight by a diaphragm of vulcanized india rubber
through which the lever passes; this diaphragm yields sufficiently to allow the
lever to work freely, but it allows no wind to pass. To the outer end of the
lever da tracker is attached, and when this is drawn downwards the cone is
lifted, and the wind passes to the pipe e; but when the tracker ceases to pull
down the lever, the cone c falls by its own weight and stops the flow of wind,
the vulcanized india-rubber fitting closely to the cone all round. Figure 6*
shows an apparatus fitted with similar valves. This apparatus is employed for
opening the pallets of the pipes (in place of opening them directly by the
finger key) when the stops in the organ are numerous; the principle of the
apparatus is not, however, new. a is a trunk connected with the wind chest ;
bis a chamber below it; between the two is a partition c with a cone valve d.
The chamber communicates with the small bellows e, and to this a tracker f
is attached, which when the bellows are inflated opens the pallets of the pipes;
at the bottom of the chamber 6 is another cone valve g; the cones d and y are
both mounted on the same tracker h, which enters the trunk a by a wind-
tight joint and is acted on by the key. When the cones are raised the wind
passes into the bellows from the trunk a, when the key ceases to act the cones
fall,the supply of air is cut off,and that which the bellows contains escapes by
the opening at the bottom of the chamber b, which is then open. In con
structing the valves or pallets for large or pedal pipes, a tube of vulcanized
india-rubber is employed, one end of which enters the wind chest or reservoir,
while the other communicates with the pipe; into the former end a nozzle is
fitted; there is, however, no opening at the extremity of this nozzle, but it
is divided into two parts longitudinally; the elasticity of the india-rubber
tube holds the two parts of the nozzle together and prevents the wind
entering, but when it is desired the organ-pipe should speak, the two parts
of the nozzle are separated or drawn apart by any suitable instruments. A
ring of vulcanized india-rubber placed around the nozzle may be used to
assist the tube in closing the nozzle.

page_text: Figure 7 shows a vertical section of this arrangement.
a is the upper
part of the wind chest, through which the vulcanized india-rubber pipe b is
passed, into it the lower end of the pipe centers; is the divided nozzle; one-
half of it is attached to the bar e, and to the other the tracker is attached at f
so that by pulling on the tracker the parts of the nozzle are separated and the
wind passes to the pipe; the tracker passes out of the wind chest through a
suitable wind-tight joint, when the tracker is not pulled upon the elasticity
of the india-rubber tube closes the nozzle; this may be assisted, if necessary,
by a vulcanized india-rubber band passed round the nozzle at d¹. The metal
pipes of organs are now commonly fixed in their places by making them
conical at their ends, and inserting them into holes formed in the sound
board; when pipes are mounted in this manner we employ aring of vulcanized
india-rubber to prevent the escape of wind around the foot of the pipe.
Figure S shows a pipe so mounted; a is the pipe; b, the top of the wind
chest; c, the seating of vulcanized india-rubber; d, the ordinary stay
board. In place of this arrangement, we, however, prefer to fix the pipes
in their places by means of a tube having a screw cut on it externally and
screwing both into a block which which is fitted into the pipe immediately
below the mouth, and also into the sound board or other board on which the
pipe stands, or the connecting tube may be driven or otherwise permanently
fixed into one of these parts. By this arrangement the length of the pipe
is considerably reduced, the conical prolongation of the pipes below the
mouth being no longer required. In place of the stay board ordinarily
employed, a rail is used, passing at the back of the pipes near their upper
ends, and the pipes are secured thereto by strips of soft metal attached to the
rail and turned down over the upper edges of the pipes. These arrangements,
as we prefer to employ them in practice, are shown at Figures 9 and 10.
Figure 9 is a front view of a pipe, and Figure 10 a vertical section of part
thereof on a larger scale. a is a wooden or other block fitting closely into the
pipe immediately under the mouth; b is a metal tube having a wood screw
thread cut on it exteriorly; this screws into the block a, as shown, and also
into the upper part of the wind chest c; d is the stay rail running along
the set of pipes and having a number of pieces of soft metal e attached to it;
these pieces are bent over the tops of the pipes, as shown. In constructing
the wooden pipes of organs in place of making each pipe separately as here-
tofore, we combine together two or more pipes, so that one or more of the
sides of each pipe may be common both to it and to an adjacent pipe or
pipes; by this means the pipes can be arranged in a smaller space than when
made separately as heretofore.

page_text: Figure 10 is a front view, and Figure 11 a plan, of such a set of pipes,
as will be seen; the larger pipes, or the lower notes, are placed at one end
of the set, and the smaller pipes at the other.
In arranging such pipes as are closed at the end, in place of fitting them
as is usual with pistons or plugs, which, in order to tune the pipes are
inserted a greater or less distance into them, as may be required, we close
such pipes at the end by diaphragms of vulcanized india-rubber, and the
tuning a pipe is then effected by pressing on the diaphragm, and causing
it to enter the pipe to a greater or less extent.
This arrangement is shown at Figure 12. a is the upper part of a pipe
shown in section; b is a diaphragm of vulcanized india-rubber bound over
the top of it; c is a wooden rail over the pipe; d is a button, which by a
screw can be pressed down on the diaphragm and made to enter the pipe
to any extent necessary. For the purpose of blowing organs in place of
the ordinary bellows and wind chest we employ two cylinders, into both of
which pistons are fitted; one of these pistons is worked up and down by
suitable levers, and is fitted with a valve, through which air can enter the
cylinder during the upstroke of the piston; there is a passage connecting
this first cylinder with the second cylinder, and in the passage is a valve
which allows the wind to enter the second cylinder from the first, but not
to pass in the contrary direction. The piston in the second cylinder is
weighted according to the pressure at which it is desired to maintain the
wind in this cylinder, which acts as a wind reservoir.
A longitudinal section of this apparatus is shown at Figure 13. a and b
are the two cylinders fitted with pistons c and d; the piston c of the smaller
cylinder a cau be worked up and down by the hand lever e; this is packed
loosely, so as to work within the cylinder with but little friction; this piston
is fitted with a valve f, opening downwards and held up to its seat by a
light spring of vulcanized india-rubber, just capable of lifting the valve.
When the piston c rises the valve f opens and admits air to the cylinder a;
immediately the down stroke of the piston commences the valve fcloses, and
the air in the cylinder a is forced through the valve g into the cylinder b, from
which, as required, it passes to the pipes by the passage h. A store of wind is
at all times while blowing, however, kept in the cylinder b; this wind raises
the piston d, which is weighted to keep the wind to the proper pressure.
When the reservoir is full the piston ascends above the slits i, i, and the wind
then blows off through them; thus any risk of the piston d being forced out
of the cylinder bis avoided. Two or a greater number of forcing cylinders
may be used, if desired, to supply wind to the reservoir cylinder.

page_text: For blowing small chamber organs we employ a different arrangement at
one side or at the back of the instrument, and at its lower part we hinge a
frame, and on this frame the bellows are mounted on one side and the wind
chest on the other; the frame, when the instrument is out of use, folds up
close to the side or back of the instrument, and the wind chest and bellows
fold close into the frame. When the instrument is required for use, the
frame falls down into an inclined position, and is there fixed by suitable
stays; the wind chest (which is triangular at the sides, or similar in form to
ordinary smiths' bellows) works between the frame and the side of the
instrument, and the bellows (which resemble the wind chest in form) are
worked by suitable levers on the outer side of the frame.
Figure 14 is a transverse section, and Figure 15 is a back view, of part of an
organ with blowing apparatus so arranged. a, a, is the back part of the
main framing of the organ; to it is connected by the pivots or axes b', ',
the rectangular frame b, the interior of which is closed by pannels. When
the organ is in use the frame is placed as is shewn in the Drawing, and
is there fixed by the stays c, c, at the top; when out of use the frame bis
placed vertically; d, d, are bellows mounted at the back of the frame, they
are worked alternately by rods e, e, actuated by treddles f, one only of which
is shown in the Drawing; the bellows d, d, force the wind through pallets
in the frame into the wind chest y, which resembles the bellows in form;
to the upper ends of the moveable side of this wind chest cords h, h, are
attached, and they pass over pulleys i, i, on the frame b, and are attached at
their further ends to weights j, j; these weights are capable of traversing in
passages formed for them in the sides of the frame b, and they tend constantly
to collapse the wind chest, and so they press the wind out of it as it is required
for the pipes; the lower part of the wind chest communicates by a flexible
pipe with the trunk 7, and from this flexible tubes m. pass to each of the
pipes. In organs of small size such as this arrangement is applicable for,
the simple arrangement of the pallets shown in the Drawing may be em-
ployed; this pallet consists only of a lever n pressed against the pipe by a
spring, and nipping the pipe between itself and the padded surface o; when
the finger key p is depressed the tracker y draws up the outer end of the lever n
and releases the tube m, through which wind then passes to the piper. In
small chamber organs we actuate the bellows by means of a rocking or
moving seat coupled with suitable levers, to convey the motion to the bellows.
Figure 16 is a side view partly in section of blowing apparatus arranged
in the manner which we prefer in carrying out this part of our Invention.
a, a, is the exterior casing; b, b, are bearings carrying the axis c; on this

page_text: metal brackets d, d, arc fixed; these are strongly secured to the wooden
frame e, the interior of which is filled in with panels. On the under side of
this frame the feeding bellows ff, are mounted; these have small rollers g,g,
fixed on their under sides, which bear constantly on the floor or platform on
which the apparatus is mounted; h is the wind chest; it is mounted on the
upper side of the frame as is shewn, and is weighted at the top; the wind from
this chest passes to the pipes by a flexible pipe; i is the seat carried by the
iron frames j bolted to the frames e With this arrangement it will be readily
seen that by rocking the scat i, and the frame e, that the bellows f, f, will be
worked alternately, and wind forced by them through suitable pallets into the
wind chest. In mounting the bellows lever of organs, in order that it may
work more quietly and with less friction than heretofore, we mount it on an
axis, and arrange the axis to turn on points at its ends. This method of
mounting the blowing lever is shown at Figure 17. a is a wooden rail on
which the metal bracket bis mounted; cis an axis fixed in the blowing leverd;
it is coned at cach end as is shewn, and should be made of hardened steel,
one end of it enters a corresponding conical recess in one arm of the metal
bracket at b', and the other end of the axis centers another recess in the end
of the screw e, which screws through the other arm of the bracket a. The
screw e is screwed up so as to retain the axis c, allowing it at the same time to
work freely, but without any shake; is a lock nut to prevent the screw e
starting back. In organs in which it is desired that a single key shall in
some cases cause pipes of two (or it may be a greater number) of notes to
sound at one time, in place of using a coupler of the ordinary description,
we so arrange the key-board that it may be depressed by a sufficient
pressure exerted upon it in such a manner that without interfering with
the connections of the keys with the trackers or instruments on which they
usually act, the keys may be brought down so as to act also on another set
of trackers or instruments; thus, in an organ so arranged, by depressing a
key two trackers are acted upon, and pipes of two, or it may be of a
greater number. of notes made to sound in unison.
Figure 18 is a plan of a key-board and other parts arranged in the mauuer
we prefer in carrying out this part of our Invention; Figure 19 is a transverse
section, and Figure 20 a front view, of the same parts. The arrangement is
such that the key-board is capable of being placed and used in either of three
positions in one position of the key-board; each key when depressed sounds
only its own note. In a second position it sounds its own note and another
usually (and as shown in the Drawing) the octave thereof; and in a third
position it does not sound its own note, but only the note coupled therewithin

page_text: the second position. The parts marked a, a, a, are fixed framing secured to
the cuter frame of the organ. The frame a carries two metal brackets c, c,
with slotted holes therein, and pins d, d, fixed in the frame which carries the
finger keys pass through these holes. The several parts of this latter frame
are marked e, e, e; its outer end passes between metal guides f,f, fixed to the
frame a, which are also slotted, and other pins ff, fixed in the frame e
pass through the said slotted guides. The frame e is thus capable of rising
and falling at either end to the extent of the slots in the brackets c and
guides f. The frame is set in the position required by means of four wedges
on which it stands, two at the front marked y, g, and two at the back
marked h, h; these wedges are actuated by the draw stops i andj; the draw
stop when pulled out causes the lever to turn on its centre k¹, which is
carried by a thin metal plate fixed to the frame e, and which passes up between
the finger keys, the same being notched to allow it and the lever k to pass.
The lever is connected by a tracker with an arm on the roller, and other
arms on the same roller are by other trackers connected with the wedges g. 9,
so that the motion of the draw stop, already mentioned, removes the wedges,
and allows the outer end of the key frame to fall. The draw stopj acts simi_
larly on the other wedges h, h, through the intermediate roller m, except that
the drawing out the draw stopj raises the inner end of the key frame e. On the
frame the finger keys n, n, are mounted in the usual manner. The frame a
carries ou suitable centres the back falls o, o, the outer ends of which sup-
port stickers p, p; these are kept in their places by passing loosely through
holes in the frame. The inner ends of the back falls are connected by
trackers q, q, with the pallets of the pipes as is shown. When the key-board
is in the position indicated in the Drawing, that is to say, with both ends
lowered, the keys are brought into such a position that when depressed they
. come in contact with the stickers P, and so through the back fall open the
pallet and sound the note, but this note is not the proper key note, but the
octave above it. At the inner end of the finger keys there are trackers 7, 1,
and these pass down through holes in the inner end of the back fall imme-
diately below it. In the present position of the key-board, however, the rise
and fall of the inner ends of the finger keys produce no effect, the nuts on
the trackers 1, 1, being at such a distance below the ends of the back falls as
not to come in contact with them. If now the inner end of the key-board is
raised, these trackers will give motion to their back falls, and sosound the note
proper to the key, and that if the outer cnd of the key-board is down at the
same time as its octave, or if it is up, the proper note of the key is alone
sounded; s, s, are spiral springs which may be placed under the front of the
e

page_text: frame e to support it when the draw stop i is out; then if a gentle pressure
only is applied to the finger keys, they will sound only their own proper
note, but if the pressure is increased sufficiently to overcome the springs 8,
then the octaves of the proper notes will sound. Arrangement is made to
throw the springs s out of use when desired.
In order that a person when playing may be able to open the shutters of
the swell without the use of a pedal, we place a rail at the front of the key-
board, so that the wrist whilst playing may rest upon it, and this rail is so
arranged that by pressing firmly upon it with the wrist, which can be con-
veniently done whilst playing, levers will be put in motion which will
actuate the shutters of the swell; such a rail is shown at t, Figure 19; this
rail is fixed to bars u, u, which pass through guides at the front of the
instrument. The rail, when pressed down by means of the rollers and
trackers as shown, acts directly on the swell, or the depression of the key-
board as above described may be caused to open the shutters of the swell
at the same time that it effects the octave movement.
In carrying out this part of our Invention we prefer that the whole of the
frame marked a, a, in place of being fixed to the outer frame as before, should
be mounted on a centre u*, and supported by a spring sufficiently strong to
keep it up, unless a considerable pressure is exerted on the keys; but when
such a pressure is exerted, the whole frame a and parts carried thereby
descend a short distance, and this motion by trackers and rollers is com-
municated to the shutters of the swell. This tipping motion of the frame
will in no way interfere with the parts already described; the rail t,
however, will no longer be required.
In a similar manner by varying the arrangement of the levers in the
construction of the organ, stops may be drawn out, or large pipes caused
to sound as may be desired; this may be done either by means of the
wrist rail t, or by the tipping of the key-board as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Frederick Stidolph, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
G. F. STIDOLPH. (L.S.)