Improvements in and relating to Lifts, Hoists, and other Elevating Apparatus.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 16th July, 1891-Accepted, 9th Apr., 1892
COMT ELE
Improvements in and relating to Lifts, Hoists, and other Elevating
Apparatus.
I, PER GUNNAR BACKMAN, of 9 Rue Fontaine Paris France, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to lifts, hoists and other elevating apparatus.
It comprises
:
(1) An improved brake enabling the automatic stoppage of the cage or platform
to be effected by means of safety cables in case of breakage of the traction cable or
cables.
(2) The combination of a nut and friction cone with the safety cables.
(3) A mode of suspending or of fastening these cables so as not to weaken the
strength of the same.
(4) The intercalation at the fastening point of these cables, at the upper part of
the latter, of a water balance, allowing them to take part, in the event of breakage
of the traction cables, in the movement of the cage or platform and causing &
gradual stoppage without jerks.
(5) The disposition and mode of action of a false bottom intended to bring the
safety cables into play when any obstacle opposes the descent of the cage or plat-
form, with the object of avoiding accidents.
(6) Various methods for accelerating the action of my brake (whether the
traction be produced by one or more cables) with the object of the rapid and
practically instantaneous stoppage.
(7) The special arrangement of a hydraulic motor designed to set the lifts in
action and reduce the expenses of installation and also the space occupied by the
motor for the lifts or hoists.
(8) The combination of this hydraulic motor acting on two traction cables with
the safety cables of my automatic brake.
(9) The arrangement of an operating device for the motor to cause the elevation
or descent of the cage and to stop it at any desired height.
(10) A speed regulator acting also on the operating device for the motor
in order to obtain a constant and uniform rate of motion of the case.
(11) Various other arrangements of detail ensuring the operation and the
stoppage of the cage or platform of lifts and hoists.
In order to render my invention clearly understood, I will proceed to describe
the same in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 shows in vertical section the cage of an elevating apparatus and of a
brake apparatus.
Figure 2 represents in vertical section the accumulator which in certain cases is
combined with the brake; this accumulator acts with the hydraulic press inter-
posed at the upper part of the safety cables.
Figure 3 shows on a large scale a detail of the essential part of the brake with
safety cables.
Figure 4 shows also on a large scale, the guiding device advantageously
employed in certain cases with my brake.
Figure 5 represents in perspective the arrangement of the false bottom and of
the mechanism in connection with it, for setting the automatic brake in operation
to prevent accidents which might occur; the said false bottom being applicable not
only to my brake with a safety cable but also to all catching devices with which
elevating apparatus may be fitted.

page_text: Figure 6 shows a detail of the mechanism used in connection with this false-
bottom.
Figures 7 and 8 represent in diagram the whole arrangement of a lifting
apparatus or hoist constructed according to my invention, and in which my brake
with a safety cable finds its direct application.
Figures 9 and 10 show the motor specially adapted for forming, with the arrange-
ment necessitated by the application of my brake, an apparatus which answers all
the requirements as regards safety and facility of installation.
Figures 11 and 12 show in perspective the mode of action of the traction cables,
two in number, on the operative parts of the brake with safety cables.
Figure 13 is a special arrangement of the suspension device preferably used for
domestic lifts worked by the above mentioned motor.
Figure 14 shows a front view of the mechanism for operating the lift.
Figure 15 is a side view of this mechanism.
Figure 16 is a horizontal section through the main axis.
Figure 17 shows the general arrangement of the operating device acting on the
distributing mechanism of the motor.
Figure 18 shows the speed regulator attached to the cable.
Figure 19 shows the speed regulator fitted on the cage.
Figures 20 and 21 represent a modification of the hydraulic motor employed for
operating the lift.
Figures 22 and 23 show views of a device for operating the lift.
In all the aforementioned figures, corresponding parts are designated by similar
letters.
Before proceeding further, I wish to observe that my safety apparatus (brake
with safety cables) and every thing in connection with it is also applicable to the
platform of a hoist for industrial purposes such as quarries or mines, as well as lifts
for persons.
The cage A is suspended from one or two traction cables B B and can at a
given moment be brought to a standstill by the safety cables CC which are
suspended from the top of the building and which under normal conditions of the
motion of the lift will not take part in the ascending or descending motion of the
said cage A.
The cables C C are made so as to present very marked threads, in transverse
section which permit the nuts DD to move on them in the same manner as a nut
moves on a screw-threaded rod.
The object of these screw cables is to stop and support the cage A in case the
traction cable or cables B B happen to fail, and this object is obtained by the aid
of the aforesaid nuts D D.
On each of these cables C is fitted a nut D maintained by an arm or fork E
articulated on a pin F fixed to the cage A. It is evident that the two nuts D D
supported by the arms of the forks E, E, conduct the cage in its ascending or
descending motion by turning upon the cables, without producing any strain on
them and without any friction except that which results from their own weight,
and which is unimportant.
The top part of these nuts is slightly conical. At a short distance above each
of them is placed a friction cono G G firmly attached to the cage. These cones
arc freely traversed by the said cables C C.
If under these conditions the cable or cables should break and if the cage should
descend at an accelerated rate of speed, the two cones G G would almost instan-
taneously come in contact with the nuts DD in such a manner that the latter could
only descend with less speed taking into consideration that they descend by turning
on the cables.
By virtue of the contact produced, the weight of the cage would bear entirely
on the conical parts of the nuts and exert owing to their conical form, a
very great pressure and thus produce friction which would infallibly sooner or
later arrest the cage. The efficacy of this action would be in direct proportion

page_text: to the inclination of the conical surfaces and of their diameter. The cage would
then remain suspended from the cables C C by means of the nuts DD and the
friction clutches G G.
The cables B B may be replaced by tubes which are screw threaded in the
interior or by racks.
In order that the contact of these nuts and cones may take place before the cage
has acquired too great a speed I utilize for this purpose the breakage of the
traction cable or cables B B.
This increased rapidity in the engagement of the nuts with the cones may be
employed in various manners which I will describe.
In the case of a single traction cable B (Figure 1) the latter is attached to a
rod H placed in a collar I firmly fixed to the cage. On this rod H are arranged
two springs KK which are compressed by the traction and find their point of
support on the collar I. When, owing to a breakage of the cable B, this tension
of the springs K K ceases these latter push the rod H downwards and the con-
sequent movements is utilized for raising the forks EE which support the nuts D D
so as to bring the latter instantaneously and simultaneously in contact with the
friction cones G G.
The intermediate mechanism between the traction cable B and the forks E E
may be greatly varied. In practice it may be formed of two bell cranks N N
and PP connected by rods O O and with the forks E E by rods R R. The
bell cranks N N are connected to a lever L fixed to the lower extremity of the
rod H.
From the foregoing description it is easy to see that the upward motion of the
rod H causes the bell-cranks to turn on their axes and to turn the forks E E
which face the nuts D D on to their cones G G.
In the case of two traction cables BB Figure 13, the contact is directly caused
by the breakage without the aid of springs. The strain being here divided between
the two cables, the latter are connected to a T-piece S articulated at and united
by the rods XX with the forks E E which support the nuts D D. It is evident
that if one of the cables B B happens to break, the T-piece S under the strain of
the other turns on its pivots and pulls the forks E E which lift the nuts DD
against the friction cones G G. A single cable B fastened on the T-piece S would
produce the same effect in breaking.
The nuts DD may also be caused to act by means of the device represented in
Figures 11 and 12, in which the traction is produced by means of two cables. But
in this case it is advisable to first of all describe the motor by which these cables
are set in operation.
These two cables (Figures 7 and 8) which are fastened in a special manner to
the cage A, after passing over the two upper guide pulleys B¹ B are fixed to the
two lower drums D¹ D. According to the direction of rotation of these drums
the traction cables are simultaneously wound and unwound so as to cause the
ascent or descent of the cage A. These drums although situated side by side are
independent of each other, and on their respective axes are keyed pinions d d with
which engage the chains c c which are free at one end and attached by the other to
a counterweight E' fixed to a piston e of an hydraulic cylinder F¹.
The details of the drums D' D' the pinions d d the counterweight E¹ with
plungere and the hydraulic cylinder Fare shown in Figures 9 and 10.
The counter weight, instead of forming one piece with the plunger, may belong
to the cylinder, which in this case would cap the plunger immovably fixed upon a
bed plate.
The counter weight may also be separated from the piston e and placed at any
distance from the latter, the connection between them being made by means of a
chain; the body of the press in this case may be either vertical or horizontal. The
cylinder itself may be subdivided into two parts and each part act on the
drums D' D' which are independent, as above stated.
Whatever the arrangement adopted or employed, the drums D' D' have a

page_text: diameter n times greater than that of the pinions d d so that the total movement of
the piston e is n times less than that of the cage A of the lift. From this results
that the counter weight E' should weigh n times more than the weight of the cabin
including its maximum load.
When the water or other fluid under pressure is admitted into the cylinder F¹
through the pipe f, the plunger piston e rises and the cage or platform A
exercising the same traction on the suspension cables B B pulls the drums DD
which begin to move in the direction of the arrows (Figure 7), that is to say in
opposite directions and through the medium of the pinions d d stretch the
chains c c.
When on the contrary the water is discharged, the counter weight and
plunger Ee cause the cage or platform to rise in a contrary direction.
Accordingly the traction cables B B during the descent of the cage or plat-
form A directly effect the rotation of the drums D D held by the chains ce
whereas during the upward movement the chains ce cause the movement of the
drums which are retained by the traction cables.
The cables BB, chains cc, the pinions dd, and drums D'D' are but inter-
mediate parts in this hydraulic balance.
The admission and discharge of the water are effected through the medium of a
tap easily actuated from any point by a cord extending the entire height of the
cage and one part of which runs through the aforesaid cage.
The mode of operation is quite optional.
I will now describe how cables B B are connected with the cage and how they
set the brake with safety cables in action.
The connection of the cables B B with cage A is effected by means of bell-
crank levers aa (Figures 11 and 12) firmly fixed to a common shaft passing
under the said cage and adapted to turn the bearings uu secured to it. The
cables B B are fitted on the horizontal arm of these levers, whereas the
other arm is joined by a connecting rod 99 to a vertical rod p p properly
guided and on which is a kind of bracket terminating in a socket ss into the
Tatter fits the nut D D which is held therein loosely by its upper flange.
The bell-crank levers a a are arranged inversely so as to balance the strains
and to occupy in the normal operation the position indicated by Figure 11. It
will also be remarked that by their arrangement the traction cables B B and the
chains ce are always under equal tension by reason of the independence of the
drums D' D' and the pinions d'd. This is one of the important conditions of my
motor.
When one of the traction cables B B or one of the chains c c breaks from any
cause, the result is that the equilibrium of the levers a a is disturbed and that
when these are pulled with greater force than by a single cable, which produces a
rocking motion, as shown in Figure 12. By this motion the nuts D D are forced
towards their friction cones G G and the pressure resulting therefrom causes them
to become connected so as to form, as it were, a single piece. In this manner the
nuts being no longer able to turn on the safety cables C C become immovable
and the friction cones firmly fixed to the cage or platform prevent this from
descending.
The accidental breakage of a traction cable or chain c, c checks automatically
the descent of the cage or platform. The tightening of the brake or rather of
the nuts on the friction cones is the stronger the greater the weight of the cage
or platform.
I will proceed to describe a modification of the hydraulic motor specially
adapted for the traction of the cage suspended from a single traction cable B.
In a horizontal hydraulic cylinder F (Figures 20 and 21) is a piston which
has a screw-threaded rode traversing a nut e and the extremity of which is fitted
with two guides d³ ³ held in a support S.
The nut is fixed at the centre of the nave of the drum D² on which the
traction cable B is wound; this cable after passing over a guide pulley situated at

page_text: the top of the cage of the lift is fastened to the upper part of the cage A. The
drum D' turns in a case E' pierced with a lateral opening for the passage of the
cable. It is supported by this case through the medium of two sets of spherical
rollers C³.
When water under pressure is admitted to the extremity of the cylinder F,
the piston is driven back and its screw-threaded rod which cannot turn by reason
of its guides d³ d² causes the turning of the drum which winds up the traction cable
and raises the cage.
When the water escapes, the weight of the cage causes the drum to trun in an
opposite direction, bringing back the piston.
In this modification the screw-threaded rode and nut et replace the pulley
gearing hereinbefore described, and like it enable the space occupied by the motor
to be reduced to a minimum.
To complete the description of the operation of the brake in the various cases
which may occur, I will now set forth how this brake acts when an obstacle presents
itself, for example, underneath the cage. It often happens that a person passes his
head or arm into the cage and that the projecting part, gets injured or severed in
the passage of the cage during its descent.
To obviate this danger I provide under the cage a false bottom which is arranged
and actuated as follows:-
At the four corners of the cage A (Figure 5) 1 fix the brackets m, m, m, m, in
which the four rods n, n, n, n, can slide or rest. Ou these rods are slid the
bars g, g, g', g' some resting directly on the lower head of the rods n (Figure 6)
and the others on the first bars. The four rods n can slide in their brackets and
the bars y, 9, 9, 9', slide with considerable play on the said rods.
The bars g, gare placed below the forks E, E, above referred to which support
the friction nuts D D arranged on the safety cables C. C.
If one of these burs g', g' is raised one of the two forks is lifted and brings its
nut D in contact with the corresponding friction cone G.
In case one of the friction bars g, g is raised the two bars o³, y', or one of
them, acts upon the forks so as to raise the nuts and produce the friction with the
cones.
It will therefore be understood that if during the descent of the cage any person
is imprudent enough to place his head or any other part of his body outside the
landing and underneath the cage such part would constitute an obstacle which
would cause one or both of the nuts D D to rise, thereby effecting the automatic
stoppage
of the cage.
The bars 9, 9 can be joined by a grating or very light false floor, so that an
obstacle presenting itself at any point under the cage would set the brake in
operation.
This false bottom, leaving out of the question the intermediate arrangements
uniting it with the nuts D D and setting the latter in operation forms an absolutely
new appliance preventing injury by cutting or crushing under the cage.
After having described how the nuts DD can be operated I will now explain the
method of fixing the safety cables.
The fastening of these cables must of course be such as to ensure perfect security
and made so as not to permit of any possible weakening.
The cables C Care each fastened in a block C' (Figure 1) of cast iron or any
other suitable material, in which is provided a hole furnished with threads corre-
sponding to the cable strands.
This hole is slightly conical at its top part. The cable cannot enter this hole
without being turned. A wedge driven into the extremity of the cable prevents it
from turning relatively to the block under the action of any strain. The cable
thus rests on the screw-threads in the block and the function of the wedge is only
to prevent rotation. The wedge cannot yield in the sense, that it is not subjected
to any strain tending to make it move back.
The aforesaid block C' serving to fasten the cables, may form the piston of an

page_text: hydraulic press C² resting on the top floor, and on the body of which the said
piston would be guided by aid of the rods c¹, c².
The block C bears on the water in the press and in case the lift has two safety
cables, the two presses Care connected by a pipe, in such a manner that the
cables are suspended from a water balance.
When from any cause, the cage grips the safety cables, that is to say when the
brake comes into action, they are supported by the pressure of the liquid contained
in the presses C C and on which the block pistons C¹ C¹ bear. The efflux of this
liquid should take place at first without resistance and then with increasing
resistance until its passage is absolutely obstructed, in order to give the cables the
elasticity necessary to avoid abrupt stoppage.
The exit of the water and successive obstruction of the passage of water can be
effected by an hydraulic brake for example, of the same class as those employed
for checking the recoil of ordnance, or by a recuperating device of the kind
represented in Figure 2. This recuperating device connected to hydraulic presses,
effects a complete stoppage in a gradual and sure manner; it is formed of a
weight P firmly connected with a piston d', the cylinder e¹ of which is put in
communication with that of the press C² by means of a hollow rod fi pierced
with holes, which traverses a cylinder &, and of a pipe T. The weight P is
of course, sufficient to maintain the piston C at the upper end of its course.
When the block piston C' C¹ are carried away by the cables CC from which
the cage is suspended as above described, the said pistons force the liquid
through the pipe T into the cylinder e² of the recuperating device. From this
cylinder the liquid enters the cylinder e', passing through the holes in the hollow
rod, and raises the piston and its weight P.
This upward movement, in which the hollow rod f1 participate, has the effect
of successively closing the conduit holes, and diminishing to zero the speed of
the descent of the pistons C₁ Cand consequently that of the safety cables C C.
It is evident the descent is gradually slackened and the stoppage takes place
without a shock, which averts accidents that might result from too abrupt a
stoppage when, for example, in mines the hoists are worked at a comparatively
high rate of speed.
When the safety cable or cables are relieved from the load, the weight P causes
the liquid to pass again under the block piston or pistons C¹ which resume their
original position in raising at the same time the safety cables.
The safety cables forming the basis of my automatic brake may also serve as
a guide for the cage. For this purpose each of them passes through a long
nut (Figure 4) held by checks or any other suitable means in a socket k secured
to the top of the cage A. These nuts turn freely on the cables under the action
of the descent of the cage.
Another part of my invention relates to the mechanism for operating the motor
to cause the ascent and descent of the cage and to stop it automatically at any
desired height.
Through the entire height of the cage of the lift, hoist or the like extends a
cable U called the working cable (Figure 18) passing round two guide pulleys,
and one of the parts of which traverses a box V fixed on the side of the cage A.
The working cable may therefore be regarded as a screw-threaded rod; it passes
through upper and lower guides . ' which prevent it from turning. The lower
guide pulley has its axis connected by a suitable means with the distributor V¹ of
the motor employed for working the lift.
In the box V, the cable U passes through a long nut (Figures 14 and 16) the
extremities of which are provided on the outside with a different pitch of screw
thread and . This nut being free to turn is supported by a collar secured on
the frame of the box V.
The cable U remaining fixed, it is evident that the ascent and descent of the
cage A will cause the nut to turn around the said cable. This turning movement
is communicated to the toothed wheels T' T' through the medium of the screws t' t².

page_text: The wheel T transmits its movement to the pulley, whilst the wheel T¹ transmits
its motion by means of a pinion (Fig. 14) to the wheel on which an annular
dial W is fixed. In this case the dial wheel j¹ describes a definite and invariable
angle for each metre which the cage A moves. The transmission is regulated
so that this wheel may not perform a complete revolution for the total passage
of the cage. The wheel j' is loosely fitted upon the nave of the pulley
secured
to the wheel T'. The wheels and T have therefore completely independent
movements.
A plate or disc Z (Fig. 15, 16, and 17) is accurately fitted upon the axis of the
wheel T and of the pulley which are keyed on the saine; it carries an operating
knob (Fig. 15 and 17). with the aid of which it can be caused to turn upon
its axis. On the other hand this plate is provided with a spring wedge
(Fig. 16) which engages with, and slides during part of its movement in the
groove of the pulley which it is designed to rotate at a given moment as
hereinafter set forth; it carries also a cam o' which is pushed towards the interior
by springs and can at a given moment act upon one of the radial spindles arranged
upon the rim of the dial wheel and the number of which is equal to that of the
stoppages which it is desired to effect.
In the example given these stoppages are six in number Fig. 17; the wheel
therefore possesses six spindles and these are exactly in front of the divisions of the
annular dial W, which divisions are proportional to the distance between the floors.
The cam o as shown in Figs. 16 and 22, is mounted upon a pivot which permits
it to oscillate slightly and which is not opposed to its being constantly pushed back
in the radial direction by its helical springs which bear upon a projection on the
plate Z.
The wedge enables the pulley to be rotated by the plate Z during a certain
portion of the movement by reason of a cam c³ belonging to the wheel and upon
which moves a roller secured to the wedge. When this roller is on the contrary
pushed again by the cam the wedge is disengaged from the groove in the pulley *
and the movement of the plate is effected without a direct action upon the
mechanism.
By turning the plate Z by means of the knob the cam o passes in front of the
spindles and recoils slightly each time one of the said spindles engages therewith.
But if this cam is stopped in front of one of these spindles it will be understood
that it exerts upon the same a constant pressure, on account of the action. of its
springs.
Now suppose that the cage is at rest on the ground floor and that under these
conditions the position of the dial W is that indicated in Fig. 17. If the knob = is
moved in the direction of the upward movement in front of the stop No. 5 (fifth
floor) two different phases are produced: one during which the wedge c² of the said
disc is engaged with the pulley by reason of the cam c³, and the other during
which this wedge is disengaged.
In the first phase the pulley is carried away with the plate Z and through the
medium of the wheel T turns the nut traversed by the cable U; from this results
that the cable, not being capable of turning upon itself, is displaced and con--
sequently caused to act upon the distributing device for putting the cage in motion.
The rotation of the nut at the same time causes the turning of the dial wheel j'
the displacement of which is not equal to that of the plate Z owing to the difference
in the threads of the screws t' and ' and the intermediary parts.
In the second phase, the cage being in motion and the wedge e disengaged from.
the pulley the plate Z is entirely disengaged from the system and its knob z can
thus be moved in front of the stop No. 5 taken as an example. From this
moment, if the knob is released the plate Z becomes fixed to the wheel ¹ by
reason of the engagement of the cam or slide o² with the spindle V' which
corresponds to the stop No. 5.
The cage continues its motion under these conditions and when it reaches the

page_text: fifth floor the spindle & of the stop No. 5 is in front of a single hole pierced upon
the circumference of the box V and enters the latter by reason of the pressure
exerted by the cam o'. The engagement thus caused arrests the rotary movement
of the working nut which, carried away by the cage A, then pulls the cable U and
closes the distributing device for stopping the cage.
It is evident that if the knob had been placed in front of the stop No. 4
of the dial W, the spindle (No. 4) would be pushed in front of the same hole
on the fourth floor and cause at this point the stoppage of the cage. The same
effect would be produced on all the floors. When the cage is stopped on the
fifth floor, No. 5 of the dial is above (Fig. 17) in the sense that this dial has made
a movement corresponding to the total movement of the cage.
For descending, the knob is moved in the opposite direction (Fig. 17) and the
same effects are produced. By pulling the knob in front of the stop No. 2 the
spindle (No. 2) enters the hole in question when the cage is on the second
floor.
Having thus explained how by simply acting upon a knob the cage can not only
be set in motion, but also caused to stop on any desired floor I will describe how
this operation is effected so as to automatically stop the cage by the action of the
lock on the door of the cage.
The lock of the door of the cage is connected by a rod or bar Q1, with a plate q¹
having cams loosely mounted on a fixed axis firmly secured to the box V. In this
manner the said plate participates in all the movements of the lock. When the
latter is closed the plate occupies the position shown in Figures 15 and 16, but
when it is open, it acts by means of its cams, as it turns on a spindle u¹ and
on a tappet. The spindle u' enters the hole of the spindles which it fills
and the tappet engages with teeth of the wheel T. From this results that
when the door of the cage is shut the mechanism is disengaged and the cage
can ascend or descend, whereas this is not the case when the door is open.
is clear that the mechanism is engaged and no motion possible.
It
With regard to this mechanism I replace the above mentioned cable by a
screw threaded rod or by a rack. I may also set the box in rotation by causing
a cog or friction wheel to run between the uprights. The box may also be
simplified by dividing it into two parts, one of which would serve for starting
the lift and the other for the stoppages and these two boxes may be applied
either together or separately.
I provide on the working cable U a regulator intended to ensure a uniform
and constant speed throughout the course of movement of the cage.
This regulator comprises a nut i arranged on the said cable and held by a
socket fixed on the cage A (Figure 19). An endless cord passing round the
pulleys m n or any other suitable means, connects the nut i¹ with the centrifugal
power regulator R₁, contained in a box fixed to the cage.
The masses of this regulator are separated from the sides of the box as long
as the speed does not exceed a certain maximum. When this maximum is
exceeded they come by the effect of the centrifugal force into contact with
these sides and the friction which results is then opposed to the rotation of the
nut on the working cable U which is then carried away by the cage and acts
partially on the distributor V¹.
The operation of the regulator thus causes the slackening of the speed of the
cage until the latter has resumed its normal speed. It may also effect a com-
plete stoppage of the cage.
This speed regulator can also be arranged on the safety cables and check the
rotation of the nut provided on the latter.
I do not restrict myself in any way as to the forms and dimensions of the
parts constituting the lifts, hoists and other elevating apparatus herein before
described, and as to the various materials which may be employed in their
construction.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. In lifts hoists or other elevating apparatus, the brake comprising either
a nut D adapted to move along a screw-threaded rod C or a metallic cable, or an
endless screw adapted to move in a screw-threaded column or along a rack;
this nut or this screw being combined with a part G secured to the cage and being
caused to turn while participating in the ascending or descending motion of the
cage; as they are carried away by a fork or piece E; a constant action being
obtained during the normal movement of the cage between the nut or endless
screw D and the part G by means of a suitable connection between the forks and
the traction cable or cables B. B whilst in the contrary case, in the event of
breakage of the said cables, contact is established between the parts D and G and
friction is produced for stopping or slackening the motion of the cage, as herein-
before described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Second. In lifts, hoists and other elevating apparatus, the particular combination
of the safety cables CC with the nuts DD mounted on forks E E. articulated
at F F and the friction cones G G firmly fixed to the cage or platform A to act as
an automatic brake and produce the instantaneous and certain stoppage of the cage,
as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 and 3 of the accompanying
drawings.
Third. In lifts, hoists or other elevating apparatus, the combination of the
security cables CC with nuts D D and friction cones G G with a transmitting
device connecting the supporting forks E E of the nuts with a spring rod H to
which the traction cable B of the cage is attached; the said combination having
for its object to hasten the contact between the nuts and friction cones as herein-
before described with reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. In lifts, hoists or other elevating apparatus, the combination of safety
cables C. C having nuts D D and friction cones G G with forks EE connected to
aT piece S on which are fastened the two traction cables B B of the cage; the
said combination having for its object, to hasten contact between the nuts and
friction cones, as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 13 of the accom-
panying drawings.
Fifth. In lifts hoists or other elevating apparatus the combination of the safety
cables C C. having nuts D D and friction cones G G with supports s, s connected
by rods p and q to a system of opposite and balanced levers a, a keyed on a common
shaft, and serving as points of attachment for the traction cables B B, the said
combination also having for its object to hasten contact between the nuts and the
friction cones when one of the cables B B should break, as hereinbefore described
with reference to Figures 11 and 12 of the accompanying drawings.
Sixth. In lifts, hoists and other elevating apparatus the combination of the brake
having safety or other cables with a false bottom suspended from the cage or plat-
form by means of rods n, n, n, n, and acting by the bars g' 9' on the forks EE of
the wedging nuts D D, or other operative parts of the brake, so that an upward
movement of this false bottom from any cause sets the nuts and other operative
parts in operation and automatically causes the stoppage of the cage or platform.
The said false bottom being made of a frame 7, 9, 9, 9' having stretched upon it or
not a wire gauze or other fabric or the like acting as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanyin
drawings.
Seventh. In lifts, hoists or other elevating apparatus, the fixing of the cables of
the brake having safety cables by screwing them on a metallic block C which is
screw-threaded and widened towards the top, the screw thread acting in combination
with a wedge forced between the strands of the cables and holding the latter in an
absolute and certain manner without any diminution of their resistance to the
traction. The said block C' being fixed on a beam or the like or forming the piston

page_text: of an hydraulic press as herein before described with reference to Figure 1 of the
accompanying drawings.
Eighth. In lifts, hoists or other elevating apparatus, the combination with the
cables C C of the brake of a water balance designed for causing them to participate,
during a certain time in the downward movement of the cage or platform when the
latter from any cause is hooked thereto and suspended, the said water balance
opposing during this time an increasing resistance so as to effect the gradual
stoppage, without a shock, of the cage or platform, as hereinbefore described with
reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
Ninth. In lifts, hoists or other elevating apparatus, the combination with the
cables C C of the brake of an hydraulic press and a recuperating device having
a weight P, connected to each other by means of a hollow rod f pierced with holes,
or any other similar part fixed to the piston or weight P, and arranged so that
when the hydraulic press is set in operation, this part gradually obstructs and
arrests the passage of the liquid so that the stoppage will take place without a shock,
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the
accompanying drawings.
Tenth. In lifts hoists or other elevating apparatus the arrangement of the
traction cables B B independently of the cage or platform A, these cables being
caused to pass upon independent drums D' D' to which are respectively fixed the
pinions d, d of the chains cc which connect the said cables with the single counter-
weight E¹ balancing the total load; this independent arrangement having for its
object to uniformly distribute the tension between the two cables and their chains
and to apply in case of breakage of one of these cables or one of their chains the
automatic brake C C. having safety cables and with which the cage is provided as
herein before described with reference to Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying
drawings.
Eleventh. In lifts, hoists and other elevating apparatus the method of suspending
the cage A by independent cables B B in combination with an hydraulic press
whose piston e firmly connected with the counterweight E of the load has a course i
of movement determined by the relation existing between the drums D' D' and the
pinions d d the said relation being such that the stroke of the piston is n times less
than that of the load and that the counterweight is n times heavier than the latter,
which reduces the space necessary for the motor, facilitates the installation and
reduces the cost of construction, as herein before described with reference to
Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the accompanying drawings.
Twelfth. In lifts, hoists and other elevating apparatus the combination of the
safety cables C C with nuts free to turn in a fixed socket k, for the purpose of
guiding the cage or platform A, as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 4
of the accompanying drawings.
Thirteenth. The general arrangement of a lift or hoist, comprising an hydraulic
motor F¹ in which the stroke of whose piston e is n times less than that of the load
to be raised, and in which the counterweight E¹ fixed to the piston e is connected
by chains c, e and pinions d, d to independent drums D₁ D₁ serving to wind and
unwind suspension cables B B attached at their other ends to the cage or platform A 4
by opposite and balanced bell-crank levers a, a mounted on a common axis band
united with the friction nuts D D through which the safety cables C C pass; the
said motor being worked at will, either by hand or by means of a cord or by any
suitable stop mechanism, the whole arranged, constructed and operated in the
manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described with reference to the accom- 5
panying drawings.
Fourteenth. In lifts, hoists and other elevating apparatus, the employment, as an
operating device, of a cable, a screw-threaded rod, or a fixed rack U combined
with a nut connected with the cage A and upon which is acted by means of a
suitable mechanism for the purpose of setting in motion the device for operating 5
the motor and effecting the starting and stoppage of the cage, as hereinbefore
described, with reference to Figure 18 of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: Fifteenth. In lifts, hoists, and other elevating apparatus in combination with a
working cable U, the arrangement of a box V in which a wheel j¹ make a movement
proportional to that of the cage A, and on which spindles are arranged at
distances apart according to the different stoppages to be caused, the said wheel
being set in action by the aid of the cable, and the movement of the cage and
its spindles 3 receiving at a given moment an impulsion from a spring
piece to enter a hole and thus produce the stoppage of the cage as herein-
before described with reference to Figures 14, 15, and 16 of the accompanying
drawings.
Sixteenth. The combination of the wheel j' or the like of the box V with a
plate Z having a knob z, a wedge and cam o³, and with a pulley ; for the
purpose of acting on the working cable U for starting the cage and causing the
automatic stoppage of the latter on any floor at any desired height as herein-
before described with reference to Figures 14, 15 and 16 of the accompanying
drawings.
Seventeenth. The combination of the operating mechanism above referred to
with a mechanism formed of a cam plate 7, a spindle and a tappet r¹, for
connecting the said operating mechanism with the door lock of the cage in order to
engage or release the operating mechanism according as the door is open or shut, as
hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 14, 15 and 16 of the accompanying
drawings.
Eighteenth. In lifts, hoists, and other clevating apparatus the arrangement of a
speed regulator based on the application of a cable (safety cable or working cable)
combined with a nut and with a centrifugal power regulator R¹, for the purpose
of acting on the distributor V or directly on the conical nuts, as soon as the
speed tends to increase beyond a fixed maximum, by the friction produced by
the masses of the said regulator on the sides of the case for the latter, substan-
tially as herein before described with reference to Figure 19 of the accompanying
drawings.
Nineteenth. In lifts, hoists and other elevating apparatus, the arrangement of
an hydraulic motor formed of a cylinder F2 in which works a piston e³ whose screw-
threaded rod e passes through a nut et belonging to the drum D' for winding up the
traction cable B which supports the cage A, the said motor operating in the manner
and for the purposes hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 20 and 21 of
the accompanying drawings.
Twentieth. The improvements in and relating to lifts hoists and other elevating
apparatus, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
Datcu s 10 uny
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.