An Improved Process for Rendering Tar-oils Soluble in Water, and the Production of Disinfectants and other Useful Products therefrom.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Jan., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 15th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 10th Jan., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process for Rendering Tar-oils Soluble in Water, and
the Production of Disinfectants and other Useful Products
therefrom.
I, WILHELM DAMMANN, of Halle-on-the-Saale, in the Empire of Germany,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to a process for rendering tar-oils completely soluble in
water and to the manufacture of new commercial products by the addition of certain
substances thereto.
In order to produce tar-oils which are completely soluble in water I treat them
with pyroleic acid, rosin-acid or substances containing the same, such as fat, fatty oils
or resins, and a base (preferably an alkali) in a watery solution, wherchy the tar-oil
becomes intimately mixed with and thoroughly acted upon by the said substances (or
with the product of their re-action) as well as by a certain quantity of alcohol which
may be added.
By introducing halogens, sulphur, selenium, tellurium, phosphor, arsenic, antimony
or atomic groups containing the same or nitrogen, I improve the character of the
tar-oil and render it more useful or valuable for various purposes such as for
disinfecting, preserving and washing and for exterminating parasites and vermin.
I propose to call my new products Lysol" or "Lysoline."
$6
Dated the 20th day of January 1890
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process for Rendering Tar-oils Soluble in Water, and
the Production of Disinfectants and other Useful Products
therefrom.
I, WILHELM DAMMANN, of Halle-on-the-Saale, in the Empire of Germany,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to an improved process for rendering tar-oils soluble in
water and the production of disinfectants and other useful products therefrom.
It is well known that tar-oils are difficult to dissolve in water and are in fact
nearly insoluble. For this reason the otherwise valuable qualities of some of the
substances contained in them, such as phenole and especially the homologous
substances of carbolic acid and cresol have for practical purposes in the present form
only a limited use. When mixing tar-oil with another liquid its insolubility prevents
it from thoroughly impregnating the liquid and it forms into small globules which
merely thicken the liquid. It has been tried with success to render these oils more
divisible in water by so preparing them that, when they are mixed with water, they
will produce emulsions. The globules of oil in the emulsion come into contact with
and therefore act upon the particles of the body treated therewith.
The emulsion of tar-oils in water certainly increases the divisibility of the same
and is therefore an improvement but the difficulties resulting from the insolubility of
tar-oils in water are only completely overcome by rendering them soluble or
completely divisible in water. By rendering tar-oils soluble in water they can be
used for numerous purposes, and I have found also by experiment that I can
[P77

page_text: introduce into the product itself other bye-products such as atomic groups which
ontain halogens, sulphur, nitrogen and phosphorus. By the introduction of these
atomic groups the effect of the tar-oil is improved in certain ways which are
favourable to its use for various purposes.
My invention relates, firstly to a process by which I render tar-oils completely
soluble in water and produce tar-oils containing halogens, sulphur, nitrates, or
phosphorus, and soluble in water: secondly to these novel soluble products themselves
which for the sake of brevity I call "Lysol" or "Lysoline."
My process of rendering tar-oils soluble in water consists mainly in mixing any
suitable kind of fat in certain proportions with the tar-oil which, with the addition of
a base, preferably an alkali in proper proportions is heated with water and afterwards
with alcohol, until the mass becomes completely homogeneous and soluble. Generally
speaking fatty oils such as linseed oil, rape seed oil and train oil will be found
especially suitable for the said purpose. Instead of fat or fatty acid a resin or its
acid may be used.
The proportions of the substances to be used will vary according to the nature of
the tar-oils and are hereafter given only as examples of the requirements in certain
cases. It is also possible to predetermine the quantity of carbolic acid or other
desired substances by selection of the tar-oil or by direct addition according to the
require:nent of each particular case.
Certain tar-oils, especially those rich in carbolic acid are already rendered soluble
by simply mixing them with soaps. The saponification of the fat mixed with the
tar-oil in the before described manner simplifies the process and renders it more
economical.
When using the right quantities of alkali the carbolic acid in the preparation
soluble in water will, as experiments have proved, be in a free state.
The introduction of halogens into the soluble preparations can be effected by treating
the fat by itself or the tar-oil or a mixture of the two with chlorine, bromine or the
like. According to the duration of the treatment, the temperature etc. (proper regard
being had to the general rules of chemistry), halogenated carburet of hydrogen,
carbolic acids, fatty acids or mixtures in which one or more of these products is or are
predominant can be obtained.
It is more easy to introduce the halogens by employing fat containing unsaturated
fatty acids which then directly give up the halogens.
In a similar manner to halogens other atomic groups, such as sulphur, selenium,
tellurium, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or a group containing them or nitrogen for
example NO, (Nitro) NO (Nitroso), NH, (Amido), SO, (Sulphon), SO, HO
(Sulphonic acid), SO (Sulphine), CN (Cyan) can be introduced into the product,
which will render it more valuable for various purposes.
In these groups also phosphorus, arsenic and antimony may take the place of N,
selenium and tellurium may take the place of S ; and sulphur, selenium and tellurium
may take the place of O.
The introduction of such atomic groups can be effected according to known chemical
methods either into the tar-oil itself or into the fat (fatty acid) or resin (resinous acid)
or into a mixture of the same. The said substituted products thus produced containing
balogen, sulphur, nitrogen or phosphorus are then rendered soluble in the manner
hereinbefore described.
The above described method of rendering tar-oils completely soluble in water and
of producing soluble tar-oils containing various bye-products will be best illustrated
by the following examples :-
:-

page_text: EXAMPLE B.
To 40 grammes of tar-oil is added 100 grammes of common rosin and mixed up
with 70 grammes of potash lye (: 1: 2 :) and 70 grammes of alcohol and then heated
on the return current cooler until completely soluble.
EXAMPLE C.
In a mixture of 100 grammes of heavy tar-oil and 100 grammes of linseed oil
chlorine gas is introduced the surplus chlorine is removed by an air current; the
mixture is then stirred with 75 grammes of a watery solution of caustic potash (: 1: 2 :),
to which is added 65 grammes of alcohol, the whole being heated on the return current
cooler until the liquid is entirely soluble.
EXAMPLE D.
50 grammes of tar-oil having a boiling point of about 200° Centigrade, are
put together with 2.5 grammes of flowers of sulphur into a cylinder and under the
use of a return current cooler gradually brought to a boiling point. When the
mixture appears to be complete the product is mixed with 100 grammes of linseed
oil, 60 grammes of potash lye (: 1: 2 :) and 65 grammes of alcohol and boiled on the
return current cooler until the mass appears entirely homogeneous and is soluble in
water.
EXAMPLE E.
50 grammes of tar-oil are slowly stirred up (drop by drop) with nitric acid of
medium concentration. The proportion of the latter is regulated according to the
desired quantities of nitro-product to be formed therein. Surplus of the acid should
be avoided. The product formed is then boiled with 100 grammes of linseed oil,
60 grammes of potash lye (:1: 2 :) and 65 grammes of alcohol on the return current
cooler until the liquid becomes soluble in water.
The saponification can be effected in the usual way.
The tar-oils soluble in water and thus produced have the appearance of a thick but
clear or dark brown oily liquid or semi-plastic mass which is clear and transparent.
When placed in clean water it dissolves or mixes up at once to a brown or yellow
coloured liquid according to the degree of concentration, which liquid causes a pleasant
sensation when used for washing the hands and tends to soften the skin.
These soluble tar-oils possess more or less disinfecting and preserving power and
anti-parasitic influence according to the materials employed, that is to say, the bye-
products introduced into the tar-oil.
Tar-oils in this form are especially suitable for numerous purposes, such as for
general disinfection, for example, for disinfecting closets, cloakrooms, drains and
drainage waters, railway waggons, cattle trucks and stables and for washing infected
clothes, floors, walls, furniture, etc., for preserving various materials such as wood, skins
and other substances, for exterminating parasites and vermin or insects in houses and
fields, such as the vine-fretter, plant-louse and especially the phylloxera.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The production of tar-oils which are soluble in water by treating the tar-oil with
fatty acid, rosin acid or substances containing the same, such as fat, fatty oils or resins
and a base (preferably an alkali) in a watery solution, whereby the tar-oil becomes
intimately mixed with and thoroughly acted upon by the said substances (or with the
product of their reaction) as well as by a certain quantity of alcohol which may be
added.
2. The introduction into tar-oils rendered soluble in water by the process herein

page_text: described or into one of the substances referred to in Claim 1, or into a mixture of
the said substances of halogens, sulphur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus, arsenic,
antimony, or an atomic group containing the same or nitrogen.
"
3. Tar-oils soluble in water produced in the manner referred to in Claims 1 and 2
and called "Lysol " or Lysoline" as new industrial products and commercial
articles.
•
4. The use of tar-oils soluble in water and prepared according to Claims 1 and 2
for disinfecting or preserving purposes and for exterminating parasites and vermin.
Dated the 15th day of October 1890.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant