Pressure Brakes for Railways.
Year: 1884

page_text: Pressure Brakes for Railways.
I HENRY ALBERT HOY of the Locomotive Department of the Lancashire and
Yorkshire Railway, Victoria Station, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO VACUUM, AIR OR OTHER FLUID PRESSURE
BRAKES FOR RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
:-
My invention applies to what are termed continuous brakes automatic or non-
automatic actuated by exhausting or partly exhausting the air, from or forcing
air or other fluid in to a pipe passing from the Engine throughout the length of
the train and commonly termed the train pipe, and the object of my invention is
to prevent trains fitted with such brake apparatus and train pipes from being
improperly or defectively coupled together as in which case with my improvements
those in charge of the train will at once know that the train is not properly coupled
in consequence of the required vacuum or pressure not being obtainable in the
train pipe for working the brakes.
My invention consists in arrangements which make the coupling of the draw
hooks and the coupling of the flexible ends of the train pipes between the vehicles
dependent one upon the other.
For example in vacuum brake apparatus there is a dummy coupling as it is.
termed at each end of each vehicle to which the end of the flexible train pipe is
coupled at that end of the vehicle which forms the rear of the train, to close the
end of the train pipe against the admission of air.
This dummy coupling is a fixture and in coupling up another vehicle to the train
there is nothing in its ordinary arrangement to compel the disconnection of the
flexible tube from "the dummy," and the object of my invention is to compel this
disconnection before a vehicle provided with similar brake arrangements can be
added to the train, and if so disconnected air will enter the pipe and prevent the
required vacuum being formed therein, and this will compel the proper coupling of
the flexible train pipe between the vehicles to bring the brake apparatus into its
proper working condition.
According to my invention I mount the dummy coupling on an axis in bearings
on the framing of the carriage and to the same axis connect an arm, lever, or
tumbler, which' when in one position will allow the flexible train pipe to be coupled
with the dummy but will prevent this when in another position, as the dummy'
coupling will in the latter case be turned to such a position as to prevent the
coupling being effected.

page_text: When the vehicle is uncoupled the tumbler is in one position and before the
vehicle can be coupled the tumbler must be lifted into the other position in which
it rests upon and is supported by the draw hook coupling.
I prefer to mount the dummy on an axis in a bracket which can be readily
screwed to the framing. of the vehicle and to form the tumbler like a staple shaped
hook the two ends of the staple hook being attached by screws to the axis for
the dummy.
The bracket also forms two sides between which the dummy coupling passes
when the tumbler is lifted and thus prevents the flexible train pipe from being
coupled with it in that position.
The ordinary coupling link for the draw hook is formed with the addition of two
projections one from each side of the loop which prevent it from being passed on to
the draw hook until the tumbler lever has first been lifted, but in vehicles not
provided with the brake apparatus or .arrangements described, the tumbler will
allow the ordinary link without projections upon the draw hook coupling to be
passed on to the draw hook without moving the tumbler.
In brake apparatus where cocks are used in place of dummy couplings, and in
air pressure brakes, where cocks are used at the end of each vehicle, and which are
all left open except the last one at the rear end of a train when the brakes are
.properly coupled up.
My invention consists in arranging the cock or tap and said tumbler lever in
connection or dependence one upon the other that is so that when the tumbler
shall be down the cock shall be shut, and when the tap or cock is open the tumbler
can be lifted.
.
I prefer to carry out thus modification of my invention by forming a segmental
part upon the axis of the tumbler, having a rib on one or both sides and in jointing
a rod to the lever or other part from the cock or tap so that this rod will be raised
when the cock is turned one way and lowered when turned the other way.
The lower end of the rod is guided and has one or more projections that will
come in contact with the rib or ribs on the segment in one of its positions but will
pass through notches cut out of the rib or ribs when in the other position, and the
rod will also prevent the segment from being moved until notches in the rod, come
opposite the rib or ribs in the segment.
Instead of the last described mechanism the tumbler and cock are or may be.
directly connected so that the lifting of the tumbler will open the cock and the
lowering of the tumbler will shut the cock.
The mechanism for effecting the object of my invention may be varied so long as
the movements of the cock or dummy are made to control the tumbler or its
'equivalent,, and vice versa.
+
In cases, as sometimes happens in consequence of a failure of some part of brake
apparatus or for other reasons it may become necessary to disconnect the train pipe
and place its end on the dummy coupling, or shut the cock or tap, when such
vehicle is not the rear one of the train, and this cannot be done in a train arranged
according to my invention so as to work that part of the brake apparatus nearest
the engine but to effect this object the apparatus is so constructed that a part of
it may be readily removed say the tumbler or segment or rod between the cock and
segment so that the train may be coupled up, and allow the train pipe to be closed
in a vehicle not being one at the rear of the train.
Or instead of removing any part of the mechanism a loose dummy coupling may
be used to close the end of the train pipe.

page_text: Improvements in or Applicable to Vacuum, Air, or other Fluid
Pressure Brakes for Railways.
I HENRY ALBERT HOY of the Locomotive Department of the Lancashire and
Yorkshire Railway, Victoria Station, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO VACUUM AIR OR OTHER FLUID PRESSURE BRAKES
FOR RAILWAYS, and in what manner the same is to be. performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and byʻthe following statement:—
air
The
to
My invention applies to what are termed continuous brakes automatic or non-
automatic actuated by exhausting or partly exhausting the air from, or for
or other fluid in to a pipe passing from the Engine throughout the length
train, and commonly termed the train pipe, and the object of my invention
prevent trains fitted with such brake apparatus and train pipes
'uting
improperly or defectively coupled together, as in which case with my improvements
those in charge of the train will at once know that the train is not properly
coupled in consequence of the required vacuum or pressure not being obtainable in
the train pipe for working the brakeş.
My invention consists in arrangements which make the couplings of the draw
hocks and the coupling of the flexible ends of the train pipes between the vehicles
dependent one upon the other.
For example in vacuum brake apparatus there is a dummy coupling as it is
terned at each end of each vehicle to which the end of the flexible train pipe is
coupled at that end of the vehicle which forms the rear of the train, to close the
end of the train pipe against the admission of air.
▸
i
This dummy coupling is a fixture and in coupling up another vehicle to the
train there is nothing in its ordinary arrangement to compel the disconnection of
the flexible tube from the "dummy," and the object of my invention is to compel
this disconnection before a vehicle provided with similar brake arrangements can be
added to the train, and if so disconnected air will enter the pipe and prevent the
required vacuum being formed therein, and this will compel the proper coupling of
the flexible train pipe between the vehicles to bring the brake apparatus into its
proper working condition.
According to my invention I mount the dummy coupling on an axis in bearings
on the framing of the carriage and to the same axis connect an arm, lever, or
tumbler which when in one position will allow the flexible train pipe to be coupled
with the dummy but will prevent this when in another position, as the dummy
coupling will in the latter case be turned to such a position as to prevent the
coupling being affected.
When the vehicle is uncoupled the tumbler is in one position and before the
vehicle can be coupled the tumbler must be lifted into the other position in which
it rests upon and is supported by the draw hook coupling.
I prefer to mount the dummy on an axis in a bracket which can be readily.
screwed to the framing of the vehicle and to form the tumbler like a staple shapod

page_text: hook the two ends of the staple hook being attached by screws to the axis for the
dummy.
The bracket also forms two sides between which the dummy coupling passes
when the tumbler is lifted and thus prevents the flexible train pipe from being
coupled with it in that position.
The ordinary coupling link for the draw hook is formed with the addition of
two projections one from each side of the loop which prevent it from being passed
on to the draw hook until the tumbler lever has first been lifted, but in vehicles
not provided with the brake apparatus or arrangements described, the tumbler
will allow the ordinary link without projections upon the draw hook coupling to
be passed on to the draw hook without moving the tumbler.
In-brake apparatus where cocks are used in place of dummy couplings, and in
air pressure brakes where cocks are used at the end of each vehicle, and which are
all left open, except the last one at the rear end of a train, when the brakes are
properly coupled up.
My invention consists in arranging the cock or tap and said tumbler lever in
connection or dependence one upon the other, that is, so that when the tumber
shall be down the cock shall be shut, and when the tap or cock is open the tumbler
can be lifted.
I prefer to carry out this modification of my invention by forming a segmental
part upon the axis of the tumbler, having a rib on one or both sides and in
jointing a rod to the lever or other part from the cock or tap so that this rod will.
be raised when the cock is turned one way and lowered when turned the
other way.
The lower end of the rod is guided and has one or more projections that will
come in contact with the rib or ribs on the segment in one of its positions but will
pass through notches cut out of the rib or ribs when in the other position, and the
rod will also prevent the segment from being moved until notches in the rod,
come opposite the rib or ribs in the segment.
Instead of the last described mechanism the tumbler and cock are or may be
directly connected so that the lifting of the tumbler will open the cock and the
lowering of the tumbler will shut the cock.
The mechanism for effecting the object of my invention may be varied so long
as the movements of the cock or dummy are made to control the tumbler or its
equivalent, and vice versa.
In cases, as sometimes happens in consequence of a failure of some part of brake
apparatus or for other reasons it may become necessary to disconnect the train
pipe and place its end on the dummy coupling, or shut the cock or tap, when such
vehicle is not the rear one of the train, and this cannot be done in a train arranged
according to my invention so as to work that part of the brake apparatus nearest
the engine but to effect this object the apparatus is so constructed that a part of it
may be readily removed say the tumbler or segment or rod between the cock and
segment so that the train may be coupled up, and allow the train pipe to be closed
in a vehicle not being one at the rear of the train.
.
Or instead of removing any part of the mechanism a loose dummy coupling may
be used to close the end of the train pipe.
Fig. 1 is a partial side sectional elevation illustrating the mode of carrying my
invention into effect, when applied to vacuum brakes either automatic or non-
automatic where dummy couplings are used to close the end of the train pipe.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same and fig. 3 is a plan view of a coupling
link detached.
6 represents the end beam of the vehicles; c part of the train pipe; & the draw
hooks and bars.
Parts of two vehicles a and a¹ are shown coupled together, and a third vehicle a
is supposed to be coupled to the rear of the second vehicle (a¹), such third
vahiale ? not having brotzon entuated be a train nine

page_text: There is a bracket e which is secured by screws or bolts to the end beam (b) of
each vehicle above the draw-hook d.
This bracket carries the axis f¹ of an arm upon which the dummy coupling ƒ is
formed and also a double arm f to which a bent staple formed piece or tumbler ƒ³
is attached by screw nuts f' as shown (see figs. 1 and 2).
It will be seen that the tumbler f³ when down as shown in fig. 2, and in the
rear of the vehicle a¹ coupled to the vehicle a extends on each side of the draw
hook d the two sides of the tumbler being away from the sides of the draw hook to
admit of an ordinary coupling link g as shown at the rear of the vehicle a³, but the
sides of the tumbler will not allow a coupling link g¹ with projections g² upon it
as shown in figs. 1 and 3 to be placed on the draw hook d without first lifting the
tumbler to the position when resting upon the coupling links g and g² as
shown between the vehicles a and a' fig. 1.
The brackets e are formed with pieces or projections e¹ (which are or may be
connected by a cross bar e²) to come on each side of the dummy f and will prevent..
the coupling on the end of the train pipe from being applied to the dummy
coupling, except when the tumbler is down as at the rear of the vehicle a¹ where
the end of the flexible train pipe c is shown attached to the dummy coupling to
close the end of same,, that vehicle being the rear of the train, or the rear vehicle
of that part of a train having brakes actuated by the train pipe c.
It will be seen that when the tumblers f³ are held up, the dummy couplings ƒ
are turned to such a position that it would be almost impossible to connect the
train pipe couplings with them, and the side pieces e make it impossible.
If preferred the dummy couplings f are or may be arranged in a stationary
position, and the axis f¹ is in such case made to carry a piece in staple or of any
other suitable form to come on each or on one side and over the stationary dummy
coupling and thus cover or partly cover it when the tumbler f³ is up, but leave
it uncovered when the tumbler is down. In this case the side pieces e¹ of the
bracket e are dispensed with and an arm from the bracket e is arranged to carry
the stationary dummy.
It will be seen that by unscrewing two nuts f* the tumbler may be readily
detached when it is necessary in any case to work the brakes of that part of
a train nearest the Engine without also working a part of the train more to the
rear.
Or this may be done by applying a loose stopper or dummy coupling to the end
of the train pipe.
Fig. 4 is an end elevation and fig. 5 a side. elevation showing the application of
my invention when the cocks are used in continuous brakes actuated by fluid
pressure above or below that of the atmosphere.
.
c' represents the cock on the train pipe c at the end of each vehicle; c³ the
handle secured to the plug or a shaft from the plug of the cock c'.
This handle c has a short arm c³ to which one end of a rod h is jointed, the
other end of which is guided in any suitable guide, in this case the end of the
rod h carries a projection in the form of the head of a bolt ¹ the shank part of
the bolt being arranged to slide in a slot in a projection e³ from the bracket e
carrying the axis f¹ of the tumbler lever f³, and the rod h is thus prevented from
moving laterally.
There is a projection h² from one side of the rod h which when it is in the
position in which it is shown in figs. 4 and 5 where the cock is supposed to be shut
will come in the way of a rib or projection f³ on a segment f* formed on the axis f¹
of the tumbler f³ when the latter is down as shown in figs. 4 and 5, and will'
prevent it from being lifted until the handle c² is turned to open the cock, when
the upper edge of the projection 2 upon the rod h will come below the rib or
projection f on the segment f" which when the tumbler is up will prevent the
cock from being shut.
Fig. 6 is a side elevation showing how the tumbler and handle of the cock may
be directly connected,
.

page_text: The axis f¹ of the tumbler f³ is mounted on a bracket as hereinbefore explained,
and an arm f' from its axis is jointed to one end of a rod i the other end of which
is jointed to the short arm c³ of hand c² for the cock.,
When the tumbler f³ is lifted the cock is opened, and when lowered it is shut.
To prevent loss of air in the case of brakes actuated by fluid pressure the train
pipes are first coupled before the couplings are placed on the draw hooks & and
thus before the cocks are turned.
If at any time it should be necessary to work the brakes of one part of a train
near the Engine, without working the brakes of a part of a train more to the rear,
a joint pin can be readily removed from the rod i or h to allow the cock c¹ to be
closed independently of the tumbler f³ or a loose stopper or dummy coupling is or
may be applied to the end of the train pipe as before explained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
.I claim is
1. In continuous vacuum or fluid pressure brakes the combination of a tumbler (f³)
or its equivalent with a dummy coupling or with a part to cover or come in the
way of the same, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the drawings.
2. In continuous vacuum or fluid pressure brakes the combination of a tumbler (ƒ³)
or its equivalent with mechanism to control the opening and closing of the cock on
the train pipe (which cocks are on the train pipe at the ends of each vehicle),
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by the
. drawings.
3. In continuous vacuum or fluid pressure brakes the combination of a tumbler
lever (f³) or its equivalent with the cock on the train pipe (which cocks are on the
train pipe at the ends of each vehicle) substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before described and illustrated by the drawings..
4. In continuous vacuum or fluid pressure brakes the combination of a tumbler
lever (3) or its equivalent with coupling links for the draw hooks of the vehicles
having sides projections on one link substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before described and illustrated by the drawings.
Dated this tiivanty airth day of duenot 100%