MANUFACTURING AND LAYING OF ASPHALTE
Year: 1884

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 1st day of July 1887, Amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
I JAMES STANSFIELD of Todmorden in the County of York Asphalte Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for THE MANUFACTURING
AND LAYING OF ASPHALTE to be as follows
The mode of Manufacture and laying the Asphalte is such as to produce a
highly improved appearance (any colour being obtainable) also greater durability
and, increased safety of footing on inclines to man or animal and on Railway
Station platforms and other public places greater security of footing to passengers
officials and other persons whether alighting from trains omnibuses or other
Vehicles or otherwise and it also renders the Asphalte absolutely impervious to
water or noxious gases. The last layer of Asphalte is composed of comparatively
fine sizes of Stone chippings gravel ashes sand or similar material mixed with
hot or cold tar or mixture of mineral or other pitch and creosote or other oil
spread over a preceding coarser layer or not as the case may be and well rolled
and the result I claim is effected by "Varnishing" or Painting over the surface
of this last layer.
$6
"
The Varnish or paint is composed of mineral or rock pitch or both with Creosote
oil and dried finely powdered chalk or spent lime from Gas Ammonia or other
similar manufacture in the proportions that the consistency of the Varnish shall
be such as to cause the same to adhere to the clean particles of Granite limestone
or other similar material which, either hot or cold, shall be spread upon or rolled
into it and the underlayer until each particle of stone or other similar material
above mentioned shall be partially embedded and partially exposed.
The part thus exposed gives colour to the whole area of the finished work
leaving little or none of the black varnish showing on the surface even after
all the excess of stone usually for a time lying loose on the surface has been
swept off.
The consistency of the Varnish is varied according to the size of the particles
of stone with which the surface of the work is to be dressed and to the amount of
the probable traffic over the Asphalte and the state of the weather at the time
of executing the work.
The principle above described is applicable to any size of stone or other surface
dressing from fine sand passed' through a " screen to macadam sized or even
larger stone.

page_text: The coarser sizes of stone require to be laid on the Varnish carefully by hand
after the manner of plain mosaic work so that each stone may rest fairly on the
Varnish and the interstices between the pieces of stone are then carefully filled up
with gradually decreasing sizes of stone until the Varnish is entirely covered up.
The whole surface is then well rolled until the larger pieces of stone are embedded
one third at least.
Should the surface of the Asphalte be required to be moderately smooth and the
smaller sizes of stone chipping only to be used the latter may be spread broadcast
over the Varnished surface either by hand or with shovel until the Varnish is well
covered, and the whole is then well rolled and the excess of stone which remains
loose swept off after which the roller is again passed over the surface to ensure
the thorough fastening of any slightly embedded particles of stone.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Asphalte Pavements.
JAMES STANSFIELD of Todmorden in the County of York Asphalte Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for THE MANUFACTURING
AND LAYING OF ASPHALTE and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
The mode of manufacture and laying the Asphalte is such as to produce a
highly improved appearance (any colour being obtainable) also greater durability
and increased safety of footing on inclines to man or animal and on Railway
Station platforms and other public places greater security of footing to passengers
officials and other persons whether alighting from trains omnibuses or other
vehicles or otherwise and it also renders the Asphalte absolutely impervious to
water or noxious gases.
a
The last layer of Asphalte is composed of comparatively fine sizes of Stone
chippings gravel ashes sand or similar material mixed with hot or cold tar
or mixture of mineral or other pitch and creosote or other oil spread over
preceding coarser layer or not as the case may be and well rolled and the
result I claim is effected by "Varnishing" or "Painting" over the surface of
this last layer.
The Varnish or paint is composed of mineral or rock pitch or both with Creosote
oil and dried finely powdered chalk or spent lime from Gas Ammonia or other
similar manufacture in the proportions that the consistency of the Varnish shall
be such as to cause the same to adhere to the clean particles of granite limestone
or other similar material which, either hot or cold, shall be spread upon or rolled
into it and the underlayer until each particle of stone or other similar material
above mentioned shall be partially embedded and partially exposed.
The part thus exposed gives colour to the whole area of the finished work
leaving little or none of the black varnish shewing on the surface even after
all the excess of stone usually for a time lying loose on the surface has been
swept off.
The consistency of the Varnish is varied according to the size of the particles
of stone with which the surface of the work is to be dressed and to the amount of
the probable traffic over the Asphalte and the state of the weather at the time
of executing the work.
The principle above described is applicable to any size of stone or other surface
dressing from fine sand passed through a " screen to macadam sized or even
larger stone.
The coarser sizes of stone require to be laid on the varnish carefully by hand
after the manner of plain mosaic work so that each stone may rest fairly on the
varnish and the interstices between the pieces of stone are then carefully filled
up with gradually decreasing sizes of stone until the Varnish is entirely covered up.
The whole surface is then well rolled until the larger pieces of stone are embedded
one third at least.
Should the surface of the Asphalte be required to be moderately smooth and the
-maller sizes of stone chipping only to be used the latter may be spread broadcast

page_text: over the varnished surface either by hand or with shovel until the varnish is well
covered and the whole is then well rolled and the excess of stone which remains
loose swept off after which the roller is again passed over the surface to ensure the
thorough fastening of any slightly embedded particle of stone.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. That a surface of any Colour or combination of Colours is obtainable by
my process which entirely hides the substratum or black of the Asphalte.
2. That by the same process a surface of any degree of roughness or smoothness
is obtainable and this is not attainable by any other mode of preparing Asphalte
now in existence.
3. That by my mode of preparing Asphalte a more tenacious hold of the stone
ased for surface dressing is effected than by any other mode.
4. That my mode enables a larger quantity of the bituminous or adhesive
substances to be embodied in finished work, and of a stronger temper or con
sistency as the surface layer forms a kind of Crust which protects the under
portions until the Asphalte sets by evaporation thereby increasing the durability
very considerably.
1st. In the laying of asphalte pavements, the process or method of giving an improved
surface to the same, by spreading a top layer, or coat of varnish or paint, composed of
finely powdered substances as hereinbefore mentioned, mixed in suitable proportions with
pitch and oil, as hereinbefore mentioned and the laying and rolling therein of suitably
sized particles of stone substantially as hereinbefore described.

page_text: I JAMES STANSFIELD of Todmorden in the County of York Asphalte Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for THE MANUFACTURING
AND LAYING OF ASPHALTE to be as follows:-
The mode of Manufacture and laying the Asphalte is such as to produce a
highly improved appearance (any colour being obtainable) also greater durability
and increased safety of footing on inclines to man or animal and on Railway
Station platforms and other public places greater security of footing to passengers
officials and other persons whether alighting from trains omnibuses or other
Vehicles or otherwise and it also renders the Asphalte absolutely impervious to
water or noxious gases. The last layer of Asphalte is composed of comparatively
fine sizes of Stone chippings gravel ashes sand or similar material mixed with
hot or cold tar or mixture of mineral or other pitch and creosote or other oil
spread over a preceding coarser layer or not as the case may be and well rolled
and the result I claim is effected by "Varnishing" or "Painting" over the surface
of this last layer.
The Varnish or paint is composed of mineral or rock pitch or both with Creosote
oil and dried finely powdered chalk or spent lime from Gas Ammonia or other
similar manufacture in the proportions that the consistency of the Varnish shall
be such as to cause the same to adhere to the clean particles of Granite limestone
or other similar material which, either hot or cold, shall be spread upon or rolled
into it and the underlayer until each particle of stone or other similar material
above mentioned shall be partially embedded and partially exposed.
The part thus exposed gives colour to the whole area of the finished work
leaving little or none of the black varnish showing on the surface even after
all the excess of stone usually for a time lying loose on the surface has been
swept off.
The consistency of the Varnish is varied according to the size of the particles
of stone with which the surface of the work is to be dressed and to the amount of
the probable traffic over the Asphalte and the state of the weather at the time
of executing the work.
The principle above described is applicable to any size of stone or other surface
dressing from fine sand passed through a " soreen to macadam sized or even
Jarver stone

page_text: The coarser sizes of stone require to be laid on the Varnish carefully by band
after the manner of plain mosaic work so that each stone may rest fairly on the
Varnish and the interstices between the pieces of stone are then carefully filled up
with gradually decreasing sizes of stone until the Varnish is entirely covered up.
The whole surface is then well rolled until the larger pieces of stone are embedded
one third at least.
Should the surface of the Asphalte be required to be moderately smooth and the
smaller sizes of stone chipping only to be used the latter may be spread broadcast
over the Varnished surface either by band or with shovel until the Varnish is well
covered, and the whole is then well rolled and the excess of stone which remains
loose swept off after which the roller is again passed over the surface to ensure
the thorough fastening of any slightly embedded particles of stone.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Asphalte Pavements.
I JAMES STANSFIELD of Todmorden in the County of York Asphalte Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for THE MANUFACTURING
AND LAYING OF ASPHALTE and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The mode of manufacture and laying the Asphalte is such as to produce a
highly improved appearance (any colour being obtainable) also greater durability
and increased safety of footing on inclines to man or animal and on Railway
Station platforms and other public places greater security of footing to passengers
officials and other persons whether alighting from trains omnibuses or other
vehicles or otherwise and it also renders the Asphalte absolutely impervious to
water or noxious gases.
The last layer of Asphalte is composed of comparatively fine sizes of Stone
chippings gravel ashes sand or similar material mixed with hot or cold tar
or mixture of mineral or other pitch and creosote or other oil spread over a
preceding coarser layer or not as the case may be and well rolled and the
result I claim is effected by "Varnishing" or Painting" over the surface of
this last layer.
a
The Varnish or paint is composed of mineral or rock pitch or both with Creosote
oil and dried finely powdered chalk or spent lime from Gas Ammonia or other
similar manufacture in the proportions that the consistency of the Varnish shall
be such as to cause the same to adhere to the clean particles of granite limestone
or other similar material which, either hot or cold, shall be spread upon or rolled
into it and the underlayer until each particle of stone or other similar material
above mentioned shall be partially embedded and partially exposed.
The part thus exposed gives colour to the whole area of the finished work
leaving little or none of the black varnish shewing on the surface even after
all the excess of stone usually for a time lying loose on the surface has been
swept off.
The consistency of the Varnish is varied according to the size of the particles
of stone with which the surface of the work is to be dressed and to the amount of
the probable traffic over the Asphalte and the state of the weather at the time
of executing the work.
The principle above described is applicable to any size of stone or other surface
dressing from fine sand passed through a " screen to macadam sized or even
larger stone.
The coarser sizes of stone require to be laid on the varnish carefully by hand
after the manner of plain mosaic work so that each stone may rest fairly on the
varnish and the interstices between the pieces of stone are then carefully filled
up with gradually decreasing sizes of stone until the Varnish is entirely covered up.
The whole surface is then well rolled until the larger pieces of stone are embedded
one third at least.
Should the surface of the Asphalte be required to be moderately smooth and the
smaller sizes of stone chipping only to be used the latter may be spread broadcast

page_text: over the varnished surface either by hand or with shovel until the varnish is well
covered and the whole is then well rolled and the excess of stone which remains
loose swept off after which the roller is again passed over the surface to ensure the
thorough fastening of any slightly embedded particle of stone.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. That a surface of any Colour or combination of Colours is obtainable by
my process which entirely hides the substratum or black of the Asphalte.
2. That by the same process a surface of any degree of roughness or smoothness
is obtainable and this is not attainable by any other mode of preparing Asphalte
now in existence.
3. That by my mode of preparing Asphalte a more tenacious hold of the stone
übed for surface dressing is effected than by any other mode.
4. That my mode enables a larger quantity of the bituminous or adhesive
substances to be embodied in finished work, and of a stronger temper or con-
sistency as the surface layer forms a kind of Crust which protects the under
portions until the Asphalte sets by evaporation thereby increasing the durability
very considerably.