A NEW MODE OF EQUILIBRATING INDEFINITELY THE WEIGHT OF ATMOSPHERES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau, of the English and Foreign Patent Office, 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris,
France, for the Invention of A NEW MODE OF EQUILIBRATING
INDEFINITELY THE WEIGHT OF ATMOSPHERES." -A communication.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said .Peter Armand Le
Comte de Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners
. of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July 1853.
I, PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the English
and Foreign Patent Office, 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, & 39,
Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, France, do hereby declare that the nature
of the Invention for "A NEW MODE OF EQUILIBRATING INDEFINATELY THE
WEIGHT OF ATMOSPHERES " to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in equilibrating the
weight of atmospheres in locomotive and steam engines by main-
taining compressed air in a space between the piston and the bottom
of the cylinder. Reference being had to the annexed Drawings.

page_text: Figure 1, Drawing I., represents a longitudinal section through the
middle of the cylinder serving to compress the air.
Figure 2, of the same Drawing is a longitudinal section taken in the
centre of the cylinder containing the spring.
Figure 3, Drawing II., is a pump to introduce the air into the cylinder.
Figure 4, Drawing I., represents an open cap or screw.
Figure 5, Drawing I., is a ring for the screw.
Figure 6, Drawing I., is the screw to keep the piston.
Figure 7, Drawing II., is the buffer.
Figure 8, Drawing II., is the plate on the buffer.
The apparatus is composed of a metallic cylinder A, Figure 2, in
which the air is kept between the piston and the bottom B, of the
cylinder, which must be air-tight. I keep within the space B, C, of
the cylinder A, a pressure or elasticity equal at least to one atmosphere,
by always sending back the piston D, in the position shewn in the
Drawing. To obtain that result I bring back the piston, either by
means of a spring of any suitable form and strength, or I compel it
to return by introducing within the space B, C, of the cylinder A, a
quantity of air sufficiently pressed so as to overcome the friction of the
piston, and to cause it constantly to strike against the part E. To fill
up the cylinder A, with compressed air I take off the piston, and I
screw to the open extremity of the cylinder A, the cylinder J, Figure 1.
Drawing I., of the same metal as the cylinder A, and serving as reci-
pient for compressing the air. I put the piston into the open extre-
mity of J. where it is kept by the cap L, Figure 6, which I screw
on it. I compress into the cylinder J, by means of the opening K,
Figure 1, Drawing 1., and Figure 3, Drawing II., the air or any
other
gas. I add a joint to the piston rod, and I push it into the cylinder A.
I keep it in the position by pressing the free end M, and I unscrew at
the same time the piece, which I replace by the cap or screw G,
Figure 4, by means of the mut E, Figure 5, which I have prealably
screwed to the rol E.. I then push the extremity of the rod F. and
pass it through the screw L. This rod is again pushed, and the open
screw G, is replaced by the screw L.
.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.
filed by the said Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau in
the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 18th January 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the English and
Foreign Patent Office, 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, and 89, Rue
de l'Echiquier, Paris, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, hearing date the Eighteenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seventeenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine Morcan,
Her special licence that I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau; my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW MODE OF
EQUILIBRATING INDEFINATELY THE WEIGHT OF ATMOSPHERES," communi-
cated to me from a foreigner residing abroad, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed; and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereto annexed, and to the
figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:

page_text: The Invention communicated to me consists in the combination of
apparatus for applying the clasticity of atmospheric air or other gases
as a spring or buller to deaden shocks, such as those on railways.
will now proceed to describe the Drawings, in which the same
letters of reference represent similar parts.
Figure 1, Drawing I., represents a longitudinal section through the
middle of a cylinder for compressing air.
Figure 2, of the same Drawing is a longitudinal section of the appa-
ratus, forming an aerial spring.
Figures 4, and 6, caps.
Figure 5, a nut for the cap, Figure 4.
Figure 3, Drawing II., pump for introducing air into the cylinder.
Figure 7, the apparatus set up.
Figure 8, plate set on the buffer.
A, hollow cylinder; B, C, space for confined air; D, piston; E,
cylinder F, piston, fixed air-tight; open cap; E, nut for the cap;
I, barrel, adjusting into E; J, cylinder for compressing air; K, the
extremity of a force pump; L, closed cap for retaining the piston in
the cylinder J M, free end of the piston; Q, valve, opening inside
or out; R, force pump.
The apparatus is composed of a metallic cylinder A, Figure 2,
Drawing I., in which compressed air is confined between the piston
and the cnd B. I produce a pressure or clastic force within the space
B, C, of the cylinder A, equal at least to one atmosphere, by bringing
the piston D, to the extremity of the cylinder, as shewn, which result
I obtain either by employing a steel spring of a suitable form and
strength, or by introducing within the said space B, C, air sufficiently
compressed to overcome the friction of the piston, and cause it constantly
to press against the part E. To charge the cylinder A, with com-
pressed air, I take it without the piston, and I screw on to its open
extremity the prolongation J, Figure 1, of the same diameter. The
piston is then adapted to the open extremity of the prolongation, and
is kept in this position by the cap L, Figure 6. I compress the air or
other gas into the cap G, through the opening K, Figure 3, Drawing II.
Jadapt a joint to the piston rod, by means of which I push it until it is

page_text: engaged in the cylinder A, and I keep it in this position by pressing the
free end M, whilst I unscrew the prolongation J, and I replace it by the
cap G, Figure 4, by receiving it in the nut H, Figure 5, previously
screwed to the rod F. I am then enabled to release the extremity of
the rod F, and pass it into the closed cap, replacing the open cap.
This rod is again pushed back, and the open cap is again replaced by
the closed cap. The mechanical arrangements herein-before described
enable me to employ the indefinite elasticity of the air to counteract
shocks like those that occur on railways.
And having thus described the nature of the said Invention commu-
nicated to me, and in what manner the same is to be put in execution,
I wish it to be understood that what I claim as new is, the combination
of apparatus by which the elasticity of atmospheric air or other
is employed for producing a spring or buffer to deaden shocks like
those on railways, as herein-before described and referred to in the
several Figures of the Drawings.
grases
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte dle
Fontaine Morean, have hereto set my hand and seal, this
Eighteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
L' DE FONTAINE MOREAU. (L.S.)