Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Sept., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 14th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 27th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
1, ARTHUR MALTBY, of 8 Hanover Place, Upper Baker Street, London, in
the County of Middlesex, Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:
My invention relates to an improved construction of pneumatic tyre which
consists essentially of an air tube, a pocket or wrapper of canvas or other textile
fabric, and outer rubber cover or jacket, and a protective hoop or ring of thin
flexible steel, the object being to obtain a tyre which cannot be punctured by.
exterior causes,
which is fast and light, and inexpensive to make.
In carrying my invention into practice, I take an air tube of the ordinary form
made of rubber, and fitted with any suitable form of valve for inflation and deflation.
I surround this with a pocket or wrapper of canvas or other textile fabric to which
Between the
is attached, or with which is incorporated, an outer cover of rubber.
onter cover or jacket and the air tube, or placed in the thickness of the said cover
or jacket is a continuous hoop or ring of flat thin flexible steel or other metal.
This hoop or ring is of a width equal to or slightly exceeding the width of the
tyre when inflated, so that the tyre has a flat running surface and is approximately
square or rectangular in section.
The cover or jacket may either surround the air tube and have its edges laced
or otherwise connected together, or the edges of the cover may be attached to the
wheel rim by any of the well known methods. When the cover or jacket surrounds
the air tube, the tyre may be fixed to the wheel rim either by the internal air
pressure of the tyre, or by cementation, or by both in combination.
The wheel rim may be of the ordinary flat crescent or other suitable section.
.
As a modification small angle pieces of rubber or cork may be attached to the
inner edges of the flexible hoop or ring to locate the air tube and cause it to
approximately keep its circular form.
Dated this 8th day of September 1893.
:
ROBT. ED. PHILLIPS, M.1.M.E.,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres..
I, ARTHUR MALTBY of 8 Hanover Place, Upper Baker Street, London in the
County of Middlesex, Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to an improved construction of pneumatic tyre in which I
employ an air tube, an envelope or wrapper of canvas or other inelastic fabric, an
outer rubber cover or jacket, and a hoop or ring of thin flexible steel the object
being to obtain a tyre which is fast and light and is at the same time less liable to
be punctured and less expensive to make.
In carrying my invention into practice I take an air tube which may be of the
ordinary form made of rubber and fitted with any suitable form of valve for
inflation and deflation. '1 surround this with an envelope or wrapper of canvas or
other inelastic fabric. An outer cover of rubber surrounds the whole. Between
Unif
.

page_text: the outer cover and the air tube is a continuous hoop or ring of flat thin flexible
steel or other suitable metal. This hoop or ring is of a width about equal to or
slightly exceeding the width of the tyre when inflated so that the tyre has a flat
running surface and is approximately square or rectangular in section.
In order to
bind the hoop firmly to the rim, the hoop is placed within the canvas wrapper
unless the outer rubber cover has combined with it a thickness of canvas or other
unstretchable material, in which case the hoop may as an alternative be placed in
the thickness of the outer rubber cover. The edges of the cover may be laced or
otherwise connected together or may be attached to the wheel rim by any suitable
method, or it may be fixed to the wheel rim either by the internal air pressure of
the tyre or by cementation or both in combination.
The wheel rim may be of the ordinary flat or crescent or other suitable section
but preferably flat on the side next the air tube.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a section of my improved construction of
tyre as applied to cycles and is especially suitable for racing. a is the hollow rim
of the wheel made with flat outer circumference. is the inflated air tube and c a
flat hoop of finely tempered steel say 4 of an inch thick the edges of which are
bound with thin rubber or canvas or the like or it may be covered therewith
entirely as shewn in the drawing, being such covering. This hoop is placed on
the air tube before it is fully inflated. is a canvas jacket passing over the loop c
and the rim a and cemented to the rim. e is a rubber cover passing over the hoop
and the sides of the tyre and fixed to the wheel rim by canvas pieces / cemented
to both; or instead of the outer cover being composed of separate pieces of canvas
and rubber it may be made in one piece of canvas rubber.
The
Fig. 2 shows the hoop e embedded in the tread of the rubber cover e.
hoop is by preference bound with canvas or edged therewith. The cover e is
secured to the wheel rim by one or two layers of canvas f and is rendered inelastic
at the sides by the canvas d embedded in the rubber.
Fig. 3 is a cross section through the wheel rim and tyre for a cab or other road
vehicle. The wheel rim a is for this purpose by preference made of grooved shape
the outer side being provided with a bead a¹ for protecting the tyre against
contact with the kerb; the tyre is substantially of the same construction as in
Fig. 1 the hoop c is however much thicker and the cover may or may not be
secured by cementing to the sides of the wheel rim.
Instead of the usual rubber air tube with an outer cover of canvas I may
employ a canvas rubber air tube which also possesses great strength to resist the
tendency of the tube to bulge out at the s'des by inflation. Another means for
the same end consists in wrapping a strip of canvas spirally round the rubber
tube while cementing it thereto. Instead of steel or other suitable springy
flexible metal for the hoop c I may use ebonite, celluloid, or the like.
In order to make more clear the nature of my improved combination and the
conditions upon which its success depends I will add the following observations:
(a) My improved tyre is intended for use with air of as high a pressure as is
practicable, as increase of pressure increases the fastness of the wheel. The air
pressure is taken by the hoop of metal outwardly and the wheel rim inwardly. To
take the lateral pressure the air tube must be surrounded by an envelope of canvas
or made of canvas rubber or other inelastic impervious material: The area of the
sides, where the pressure is taken by the tube, should be kept as low as practicable
in relation to the area of the flat tread. This permits greater pressure of air to
be used with a given strength of materials so combining lightness of construction
with resiliency. The air tube is of such a size that if expanded without the hoop
it would be of greater diameter.
(b) The steel hoop is a flat continuous band which serves the purpose of taking
the pressure of the air tube and giving life to the whole wheel. It also prevents
puncturing of the face of the tyre, but this is not essential to the wheel (it is
however an incidental advantage); in fact in some cases, I make holes or slots in
the hoop, through which the air tube slightly protrudes, forming a series of

page_text: springy pads which soften the tread. It is necessary that the hoop should be
firmly bound to the rim by a canvas or other inelastic envelope so that it cannot
get away from the rim beyond its fixed distance. The liveliness of the wheel
depends on the hoop being thus tied to the rim. To illustrate this, I may consider
what would be the result if the hoop were embedded in a flexible sheath the sides
of which could stretch as has been heretofore proposed. Referring to when the-
wheel is in action, the rim with its spokes which carries the weight of the machine-
and rider is chiefly supported by being suspended from the metal hoop by the
cover which binds the hoop to the rim. This cover would stretch appreciably and
the distance of the centre of the wheel from the top of the wheel would be
increased. This sagging and stretching would constantly absorb power and deaden:
the action of the wheel and reduce its pace. This is prevented in my combination
and greater liveliness is the result. Moreover the hoop being continuous the
pressure is transferred all round and the liveliness again depends upon this in
contradistinction to some proposed arrangements in which a band is used with.
disconnected ends.
(c) The outer rubber cover I reduce to the smallest practicable thickness and
arrange so that the tread may be practically flat. Compression of a thick_mass
of rubber absorbs power and the mass adds to the weight of the wheel. Hence
I do away with the rounded mass of rubber which forms the usual tread. The
flat tread is also better for preventing rolling and slipping.
In conclusion I would observe that none of the elements which I employ in my
improved wheel are in themselves new, but my invention consists in the improved
combination which as a whole results in a remarkably light, resilient and fast
wheel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in wh manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
The improved pneumatic tyre constructed and arranged in combination with a
wheel rim substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dahi 14th of N-1002
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents..