Year: 1887

page_text: I, ERNST LUDWIG MANN, of the firm of Baumer & Co., of 17 Tuchlauben,
Vienna I, Austria, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows :-
This invention relates to a ruling machine which can be actuated by hand or
power.
The improved machine is essentially characterized by the employment of ruling
pens of peculiar construction which occupy an approximately horizontal position
during the operation, and to which the necessary ink is supplied from one or more
receptacles by pieces of flannel, felt or other absorbent material.
The filling of the ink receptacles can be effected automatically. so that a machine
can be operated continuously and be actuated by a motor, which is not the case with
any of the pen-ruling machines heretofore used.
The paper to be ruled is placed upon a rotary cylinder and moved below the pens
the outlet openings of the latter being pressed against the paper.
The ruling device comprises a series of pens arranged parallel to each other. These
pens are made of thin sheet metal and at their rear ends are connected with a sheet
metal strip, from which they are formed.
The said pens are formed by cutting out portions from a sheet metal plate (one
edge of which has been sharpened on both sides by grinding) so as to leave parallel
strips converging slightly towards the sharpened edge, and at distances apart corre-
sponding to the required width between the lines then bending the edges of these
strips upwards and making trough shaped depressions at the points where the strips
terminate in the sheet metal plate. The edges of the bent up strips are then bent
upwards and the edges caused to approach each other. The edges are then pressed
close up against each other so as to form a tube entirely closed for about two thirds
of its length. The abutting edges are now filed smooth, the point is then ground
slightly round horizontally then somewhat flat on the upper side, and lastly flat on
the underside to form an elongated outflow opening of the necessary width.
The metal sheet on which the pens are forined can be of any desired length, and
the pens can be arranged at regular or irregular distances from each other.

page_text: The ruling device thus constructed and having its rearward edge bent slightly is
supported in adjustable bearings on the machine frame and clamped thereon by a plate
and screws. Accordingly, by clamping pens at suitable distances from each other
the arrangements necessary for ruling, any requisite lines can be easily and rapidly
made.
A lever fixed upon the clamping plate is connected by a spring with a
standard which spring acts on the lever and thereby presses the points of the
pens downwards against the cylinder over which the paper to be ruled is conducted.
In order that the pressure of the pens shall only be effected to a suitable extent
that is to say in such a manner that the outflow openings of the pens bear against
the paper, a second lever is fixed upon the clamping plate and provided with an
adjusting screw bearing against a standard. By means of this screw the pressure of
the springs upon the paper or upon the cylinder can be regulated.
As the thin sheet metal plates from which the pens extend are clamped only at the
edges, the pens yield when being pressed against the cylinder and bear with elastic
pressure against the cylinder, the sloping side of the point resting upon the paper.
The necessary ink is conveyed to the pens from an ink receptacle by pieces of
flannel felt or the like which lie upon an inclined projecting surface of the ink
receptacle and extend to the troughs of the pens and absorbing the ink from the ink
receptacle.
As the channels formed in the pens are very narrow, and the outflow openings
very small, and as the pens during the operation occupy a horizontal or nearly
horizontal position, their points being above the level of the lower edge of the ink
receptacle, the adhesion of the channel walls and the capillary action of the flannel
or felt strip prevent the ink from flowing out of the pens, the outflow taking place
only when the pens rest with their outflow openings upon the paper to be ruled
which paper is moved below the pens.
The drawing of thick lines is not performed by one pen but several pens are
used which are so placed behind and beside one another that the thin lines drawn
by them unite to form one thick line.
In order to enable lines to be drawn simultaneously, with different coloured inks
auxiliary ink receptacles of varying breadth are provided, which can be suspended
in the main ink receptacle and whose projecting plate covers the felt strip and
prevents contact of the same with the felt absorbing from the said receptacle.
To automatically fill the ink receptacle so that a continuous operation of the
machine shall be possible, ink reservoirs can be placed upon a plate arranged above
the frame of the machine, outflow tubes extending from the said reservoirs into the
ink receptacles, through which tubes the inks flow according to the consumption, as
soon as the level of the inks in the said receptacles has sunk below the orifices
of the outflow tubes.
The conveyance of the paper below the ruling device is performed by endless
bands which pass over rollers and bear on one side against the surface of the
rotary cylinder, which serves as a support for the paper. The bands are moved
by friction with the cylinder and their carrying rollers are thereby set in rotation.
The paper cylinder can be actuated by hand through the medium of a crank and
toothed wheels, by power, or by pulleys and belts.
The paper to be ruled is placed upon a table capable of being folded down on
hinges and is kept in a horizontal position by supports. The sheets are succes-
sively pushed below the band roller arranged in adjustable bearings on standards
the said sheets being seized by the rollers and conducted over the surface of the
cylinder and sliding below the ruling device so that the ruling takes place.
The ruled paper passes from the cylinder on to transporting bands which pass
over suitable rollers and the cylinder, and which conduct the paper to a delivery
table.
In order to be able to give these bands the proper tension, one roller is
adjustable in suitable guides in the standards.
The ruling device can if necessary be lifted off the paper; for this purpose

page_text: a treadle and lever are arranged on a shaft supported in the said standards the said
lever being connected by a band or chain with a lever secured to the clamping
plate.
If the treadle is pressed downwards, the said lever is pulled down, the clamping
plate being thereby turned upon its journals and the ruling device lifted.
This lifting can also be effected by hand by raising the regulating screw.
To keep the ruling device lifted, a pawl is used, which can be caused to engage
with the teeth of a toothed segment provided on the clamping plate so that the latter
is kept raised despite the action of the spring.
The said pawl is connected by a rod with a shaft having a crank on which is
arranged a second pawl. When the crank is turned this pawl falls into an incision
formed in one of the said standards, when the first mentioned pawl rests in the toothed
segment.
To stop the motion of the machine a belt shifting fork is provided by means of
which the belt can be shifted from the fast to the loose pulley.
15:1 ,
1
1007
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.
I ERNST LUDWIG MANN of the firm of Baumer & Co., of 8 Landesgerichtstrasse,
Vienna I, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a ruling machine which can be actuated by hand or any
suitable power.
The improved machine is essentially characterized by the employment of ruling
pens of peculiar construction, which occupy during their operation an approximately
horizontal position, and to which the necessary ink is supplied from one or more
receptacles by pieces of flannel, felt or other absorbent material.
The filling of the ink-receptacles can be effected automatically, so that a machine
can be operated continuously and be actuated by a motor which is not the case with
any of the pen-ruling machines heretofore used.
The paper to be ruled is placed upon a rotary cylinder and moved below the pens
the outflow-openings of the latter being pressed against the paper.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a side elevation partly in section of the machine embodying my
invention.

page_text: Figure 2 is a plan, and
Figure 3 a front elevation of the same.
Figure 4 is a side elevation of the machine-frame showing the driving mechanism.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of a part of the feeding-cylinder and of the cog-
wheel, by which it is actuated.
Figure 6 shows a part of the machine in isometrical projection.
Figure 7 is an isoinetrical view of a part of the machine-frame and of the parts
arranged thereon.
Figure 8 shows the device for disengaging the pawl by which the ruling pens are
maintained in their raised position.
Figure 9 is a perspective view of a part of the ink-receptacle and of the ruling
device.
Figure 10 is a perspective view of a portion of a ruling device constructed according
to my invention.
Figure 11 is a perspective view of a device for ruling thick lines, constructed
according to my invention, and
Figure 12 shows a single pen drawn to an enlarged scale.
The ruling device A Figures 9 and 10 comprises a series of pens, arranged parallel
to each other. These pens are made of thin sheet metal and at their rear ends are
connected with a sheet metal strip, from which they are formed.
The said pens are formed by cutting out portions from a sheet metal plate, one
edge of which has been sharpened on both sides by grinding, so as to leave strips,
converging slightly towards the sharpened edge and at distances apart corresponding
to the required width between the lines, then bending the edges of these strips
upwards and making trough shaped depressions a¹ at the points, where the strips
terminate in the sheet metal plate. The lower edges of the bent up strips are then
seized with pincers and by pulling the closed pincers along the said edges both sides
of the strips are caused to approach each other. These upper edges are then pressed
closed together and the closed pincers are again moved along the lower edge of the
bent strips, so that the upper edges close so as to form a tube entirely closed for about
two thirds of its length. The abutting edges are now filed smooth, the point is then
ground slightly round horizontally, then somewhat flat on the upper side, and lastly
Hat on the under side, to form an elongated outflow, opening a Figure 12 of the
necessary width.
The metal sheet, on which the pens a are formed can be of any desired length, and
the pens can be arranged at regular or irregular distances from each other.
The ruling device A, thus constructed and having its rearward edge a³ bent slightly
downward is supported in adjustable bearings b, 1, Figures 6 and 7 on the machine
frame B, B, and clamped thereon by a plate cand screws. Accordingly, by
clamping pens at suitable distances from each other, the arrangements for ruling any
required lines can be easily and rapidly made.
A lever fixed upon the journal c¹ of the clamping plate C is connected by a
spring with the standard B₁ Figures 1 and 6, the said spring drawing the lever c²
towards it and thereby pressing the points of the pens a downwards against the
cylinder D, over which the paper a Figure 6 to be ruled is carried.
In order that the pressure of the pens shall only be effected to a suitable extent,
that is to say in such a manner, that the outflow openings a² of the pens bear against
the paper, a second lever c is fixed upon the other journal c Figures 3, 4 and 7, of
the clamping plate C and provided with an adjusting screw c³, hearing against the
standard B. By means of this screw the pressure of the pens a upon the paper a, or
upon the cylinder D can be regulated. As the thin sheet metal plates, from which
the pens a extend, are clamped only at the small edges a³ between the clamping
plates and c, the pens a yield when being pressed against the cylinder D and bear
with elastic pressure against the cylinder, the sloping side a² of the point resting upon
the paper.
The necessary ink is conveyed to the pens a from an ink receptacle E Figures 2 to 9
arranged above the clamping plates C and c, by pieces e¹ Figure 9, of flannel, felt or

page_text: the like which lie upon an inclined projecting surface e2 of the ink-receptacle and
extend to the troughs a' of the pens a and absorb the ink from the ink-receptacle by
means of small strips e³.
As the channels formed in the pens are very narrow and the outflow openings a²
very small and as the pons during the operation occupy a horizontal or nearly
horizontal position, their points being above the level of the lower edge of the ink-
receptacle, the adhesion of the ink to the channel walls and the capillary action of the
flannel or felt strips prevent the ink from flowing out of the pens, the outflow
taking place place only, when the pens rest with their outflow openings upon the
paper to be ruled, which paper is moved below the pens.
The drawing of thick lines is not performed by one pen, but several pens are used,
which are so placed behind and beside one another, that the thin lines unite to form
one thick line, as illustrated by Figure 11.
In order to enable lines to be drawn simultaneously with different coloured inks,
auxiliary ink-receptacles Figure 9 of varying breadth are provided, which can be
suspended in the ink-receptacle E and whose projecting plate e covers the felt strip el
and prevents contact of the same with the felt e absorbing the ink from the said
receptacle.
To automatically fill the ink-receptacle so that a continuous operation of the
machine shall be possible, ink-reservoirs e Figures 1 to 4 can be placed upon a plate
arranged above the frame B, B of the machine, outflow tubes extend from the said
reservoirs into the ink receptacles, through which tubes the inks flow according to
the consumption, as soon as the level of the inks in the said receptacles has sunk
below the orifices of the out-flow tubes.
The conveyance of the paper below the ruling device A is performed by endless
bands, which pass over rollers F F and hear on one side against the surface of
the rotary cylinder D, which serves as a support for the paper.
The bands are
moved by friction with the cylinder D and their carrying rollers F F are thereby
set in rotation.
The paper cylinder D can be actuated by hand through the medium of a crank d
and toothed wheels d'or by pulleys d², d³ and belts, Figures 2 to 5.
The paper to be ruled is placed upon a table G capable of being folded down
011 hinges and being kept in a horizontal position by supports . The sheets are
successively pushed below the band roller Farranged in adjustable bearings, on
the standards B, B1, the said sheets being seized by the roller and carried over the
surface of the cylinder D, by the bands, and slides below the ruling device, so that
the ruling takes place.
The ruled paper passes from the surface of the cylinder on to transporting hands h
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 6, which pass over the rollers H, H' and the cylinder D, and
which conduct the paper to the delivery table I.
In order to be able to give these bands the proper tension the roller H is adjustable
in the standards K, which are movable in suitable guides & Figures 1 and 2.
k
For the purpose of admitting of the ruling device being if necessary, lifted from
the paper, a treadle and a lever are arranged on a shaft supported in the
standards B, B1, the said lever being connected by a band or chain 3 with the lever (+
secured to the clamping plate C.
If the treadle is pressed downwards, the lever is pulled down, the clamping
plate C being thereby turned upon its journals and the ruling device Á lifted.
This lifting can also be effected by hand, by raising the regulating screw co.
To keep the ruling device A lifted, a pawl is used, which can be caused to engage
with the teeth of the toothed segment provided on the clamping plate C, so that
the latter is kept raised, despite the action of the spring c³.
The said pawl is connected by a rod with the shaft 3 having a crank
Figures 7 and 8, on which is arranged a pawl. When the crank is turned this
latter pawl falls into an incision 1 formed in the standard B, when the pawl
rests in the toothed segment 1.

page_text: To stop the motion of the machine a belt shifting fork is provided on the shaft m
by means of which the belt can be shifted from the fast to the loose pulley.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed i declare that what I claim is :-
First. A machine for ruling paper, to be actuated by hand or by power characterized
by the horizontal or nearly horizontal position of the pens a of the ruling device A,
below which the paper to be ruled is conveyed upon the drum D by bands f, the ink
being absorbed from the ink receptacles by strips of flannel, felt or the like and
conveyed into the pens according to the consumption, substantially as described.
Second. In ruling machines of the kind referred to in the first claiming clause, the
elastic metal pens, arranged as described between the clamping plates and c and
consisting of small capillary tubes the ends which, receive the ink, being made
larger and channel-shaped, while the opposite ends by which the ink flows out, is
ground at its lower side in an inclined direction to the longitudinal axis of the
said pens.
Third. In ruling machines of the kind referred to in the first claiming clause a
number of elastic metal pens, having their outflow openings so arranged beside and
behind one another, that the thin lines, drawn by the pens when ruling, are close beside
one another, and form one thick line substantially as described.
Fourth. In ruling machines of the kind above specified, a spring which presses
the out flow openings a² of the pens a against the paper advancing below the pens
and a regulating screw c by which the pressure of the said spring is regulated.
Fifth. In ruling machines of the kind above specified, an ink receptacle E, from
which the necessary ink is conveyed to the pens a by means of pieces of flannel, felt
or the like extending to the troughs a' and absorbing the ink from the ink receptacle E,
the said ink receptacle being automatically filled by means of pipes extending from
ink reservoirs e into the ink receptacle E.
Sixth. In ruling machines of the kind above referred to the auxiliary ink-receptacles,
which can be suspended in the ink-receptacle E and whose projecting plate e covers
the felt strip e¹ and prevents contact of the same with the felt or flannel e, absorbing
the ink from the said receptacle, in order to enable lines to be drawn simultaneously
with differently coloured inks substantially as described.
Dated this 11th day of November 1887.