Improvements in and relating to Non-conducting and Fire Proofing Materials.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Non-conducting and Fire Proofing
Materials.
We, ALBERT LANTZKE, Mechanical Engineer, and ADOLF JUENGER, Vice Presi-
dent and Treasurer of the New York Asbestos, Manufacturing Company, both of
the Borough of Brooklyn, County of Kings, City and State of New York, do here-
by declare the nature of our invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of fire proof, flexible sheets for lining
or wrapping pipes and other things for nonconducting purposes and of wall and
other covering for fire proofing.
Pure asbestos is practically incombustible but in using it for fire proofing build-
ings or insulating heated surfaces, as for instance, fiues, steam pipes, boilers,
bulk heads in ships, and the like, the pure asbestos material has been combined
with some plastic sometimes combustible cementing material. The results of
this misapplication of asbestos fibre were the products known as asbestos mill-
board or asbestos cement which though of certain efficiency is not fire proof or not
sufliciently fire proof to resist continuous exposure to considerable heat.
This material is also very heavy and not self-sustaining, requiring to be affixed
to some support, and affords practically no protection against fire because it
readily disintegrates when exposed to such heat, as for instance is developed in
flues and steam boilers. Pure asbestos is the most reliable fire proofing material
but it is necessary to combine it with some other material that will uphold its
structure.
..
Having found from tests and experiments that such a combination as used in
the so-called asbestos millboard" does not answer the purpose, we have devised
the following combination of asbestos material, produced in very thin sheets and
containing besides asbestos fibres only a very small quantity of incombustible
chemicals, binding the fibres together but not affecting their flexibility, with
other materials which we call structural filling" or core in such manner
that the fire resistive quality of asbestos is fully utilized and reinforced, and the
product of this combination, while comparatively very light is of sufficient tensile
strength to render it suitable for use as fire proofing lining and also for con-
struction of fire proofing building materials.
"
In manufacturing our improved nonconducting and fire proofing materials we
first produced thin sheets of asbestos fibre felted and combined together by a non-
combustible chemical. The structural filling or core is made of some material of
sufficient tensils strength, as for instance, loosely woven cloth, jutá, or permeable
paper. The core is saturated by a noncombustible hardening solution, preferably
silicate of soda and is then inserted between two sheets of the asbestos material,
the composite sheet thus formed being run between heated corrugating rollers
whereby the layers are intimately united together and formed into a composite
corrugated sheet.
.

page_text: The noncombustible hardening solution permeates the structural filling or core,
binds also the layers of the composite sheets together, and when dried, hardens,
and imparts to the material previously soft and pliable, the requisite structural
rigidity to resist pressure.
The outer surfaces of the sheets are pure or nearly pure asbestos whereas the
inner layer or core, if not originally fire-proof, is rendered fire proof by the non-
combustible hardening solution with which it is saturated.
The finished composite sheets are flexible across the corrugations but hard and
rigid in the line with the corrugations. Such sheets are adapted as fire proofing
or non-conducting linings or wrappings for wooden surfaces; and also as material
for the construction of fire proofing or nonconducting coverings and fire proofing
building blocks. Such covering or building blocks are composed of several layers
of such composite fire proofing sheets which may be laid crossing each other or
arranged in alternate rows with flat sheets interposed.
In the construction of building blocks the corrugations of the alternate layers
are at right angles to each other; this arrangement may, however be varied to
suit any particular requirement. When an even surface is required on the build-
ing blocks, a flat sheet of the same material, is secured to the outside surface of
the upper layer or a thin layer of plastic material as for instance plaster of Paris,
or asbestos cement is applied thereto. The material is produced preferably in
blocks of uniform size as tiles, building blocks, or in large sheets and in any
thickness as in any particular case may be required. The material is very light
and therefore suitable for fire-proofing buildings, where other fire proofing
material could not be used, without strengthening the supporting structures.
At the same time the material is so strong structurally that partitions or walls
constructed wholly of it are not only self-sustaining but are also capable of
bearing considerable weights or strains.
By the described construction of our improved fire proofing and nonconducting
material the nonconducting and protective quality of the composite sheets is rein-
forced by the nonconductivity of the air enclosed within the body of the material,
therefore a partition or lining constructed of such material is much more efficient
as nonconductor of heat and in protection against fire than any material hereto-
fore known or used. The material is also absolutely sound proof.
In building up partition walls of the material the blocks may be combined to-
gether in any of the various ways known. In affixing the linings for fire proofing
of wooden surfaces H-iron may be used for binding the sheets together The
lining may also be nailed upon the walls, as ordinary nails readily penetrate it
or it may be cemented upon the wall. In using it on heated surfaces, as flues,
boilers, furnaces, and the like, it is fixed by means of asbestos cement or secured
thereto by metallic bands or otherwise.
D1 thin OL
CM1900
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in and relating to Non-conducting and Fire Proɔfing
Materials.
We, ALBERT LANTZKE, Mechanical Engineer, and ADOLF JUENGER, Vice Presi-
dent and Treasurer of the New York Asbestos Manufacturing Company, both of
the Borough of Brooklyn, County of Kings, City and State of New York, do here-
by declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of fire proof, flexible sheets for lining
or wrapping pipes and other things for nonconducting purposes and of wall and
other covering for fire proofing.
Pure asbestos is practically incombustible but in using it for fire proofing build-
ings or insulating heated surfaces, as for instance, flues, steam pipes, boilers,
bulkheads in ships, and the like, the pure asbestos material has been combined
with some plastic sometimes combustible cementing material. The results of
this misapplication of asbestos fibre were the products known as asbestos mill-
board or asbestos cement, which, though of certain efficiency is not fire proof or not
sufficiently fire proof to resist continuous exposure to considerable heat.
This material is also very heavy and not self-sustaining, requiring to be affixed
to some support, and affords practically no protection against fire because it
readily disintegrates when exposed to such heat, as for instance is developed in
flues and steam boilers. Pure asbestos is the most reliable fire proofing material
but it is necessary to combine it with some other material that will uphold its
structure.
Having found from tests and experiments that such a combination as used in
the so-called asbestos "millboard" does not answer the purpose, we have devised
the following combination of asbestos material, produced in very thin sheets and
containing besides asbestos fibres only a very small quantity of incombustible
chemicals, binding the fibres together but not affecting their flexibility, with
other materials which we call "structural filling" or core in such manner
that the fire resistive quality of asbestos is fully utilized and reinforced, and the
product of this combination, while comparatively very light is of sufficient tensile
strength to render it suitable for use as fire proofing lining and also for con-
struction of fire proofing building materials.
$6
In manufacturing our improved nonconducting and fire proofing materials we
first produced thin sheets of asbestos fibre felted and combined together by a non-
combustible chemical. The structural filling or core is made of some material of
sufficient tensile strength, as for instance, loosely woven cloth, juta, or permeable
paper. The core is saturated by a noncombustible hardening solution, preferably
silicate of soda and is then inserted between two sheets of the asbestos material,
the composite sheet thus formed being run between heated corrugating rollers
whereby the layers are intimately united together and formed into a composite
corrugated sheet.
The noncombustible hardening solution permeates the structural filling or core,
binds also the layers of the composite sheets together, and when dried, hardens,
and imparts to the material previously soft and pliable, the requisite structural
rigidity to resist pressure.
The outer surfaces of the sheets are pure or nearly pure asbestos whereas the
inner layer or core, if not originally fire-proof, is rendered fire proof by the non-
combustible hardening solution with which it is saturated.
The finished composite sheets are flexible across the corrugations but hard and
rigid in the line with the corrugations. Such sheets are adapted as fire proofing
or non-conducting linings or wrappings for wooden surfaces and also as materia!
for the construction of fire proofing or nonconducting coverings and fire proofing
building blocks. Such covering or building blocks are composed of several layers
of such composite fire proofing sheets which may be laid crossing each other or
arranged in alternate rows with flat sheets interposed.
In the construction of building blocks the corrugations of the alternate layers
are at right angles to each other; this arrangement may, however be varied to
suit any particular requirement. When an even surface is required on the build-
ing blocks, a flat sheet of the same material, is secured to the outside surface of
the upper layer or a thin layer of plastic material as for instance plaster of Paris,

page_text: or asbestos cement is applied thereto. The material is produced preferably in
blocks of uniform size as tiles, building blocks, or in large sheets-and in any
thickness as in any particular case may be required. The material is very light
and therefore suitable for fire-proofing buildings, where other fire proofing material
could not be used, without strengthening the supporting structures.
At the same time the material is so strong structurally that partitions or walls
constructed wholly of it are not only self-sustaining but are also capable of bearing
considerable weights or strains.
By the described construction of our improved fire proofing and nonconducting
material the nonconducting and protective quality of the composite sheets is rein-
forced by the non conductivity of the air enclosed within the body of the material,
therefore à partition or lining constructed of such material is much more efficient
as nonconductor of heat and in protection against fire than any material hereto-
fore known or used.. The material is also absolutely sound proof.
In building up partition walls of the material the blocks may be combined to-
gether in any of the various ways known. In affixing the linings for fire proofing
of wooden surfaces H-iron may be used for binding the sheets together The
lining may also be nailed' upon the walls, as ordinary nails readily penetrate it
or it may be cemented upon the wall. In using it on heated surfaces, as flues,
boilers, furnaces, and the like, it is fixed by means of asbestos cement or secured
thereto by metallic bands or otherwise.
The accompanying drawings illustrate our invention
Fig. 1 is a section shewing the three layers of which the sheet consists, these
layers being shewn apart.
Fig. 2 shews the sheet when the three layers are cemented together.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a block consisting of several of the corrugated
sheets crossing each other and forming a pile.
Fig. 4 shews how sheets of the material may be applied as a non-conducting
lagging to a steam pipe, flue or the like.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a fireproof nonconducting lining to an arch or
other curved surface of a structure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1. Combining with flexible asbestos material a strengthening filling or core to
reinforce the fire proofing and non-conducting quality of the asbestos material
and render it structurally rigid.
2. The use of incombustible hardening solution for producing a supporting
structure for thin flexible sheets of pure or nearly pure asbestos material.
3. A fire proofing sheet, composed of three layers, the inner layer or core being
of fibrous material saturated by an incombustible hardening solution, the outer
layers of asbestos and the three layers combined together by the non-combustible
hardening solution saturating the inner layer or core.
4. Fire proofing and nonconducting materials as linings and building blocks
constructed as described of composite sheets such as are referred to in the pre-
ceding claim.
Dated
this 20th day
01 January 1900.
ABEL.& IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.