IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS, AND IN ADAPTING THEM FOR PROPELLING VESSELS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin William De Rusett, of Lewisham, in the
County of Kent, Engineer, and Richard Farrell Dale, of Shoe Lane,
in the City of London, Founder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUMPS, AND IN ADAPTING THEM FOR PROPELLING VESSELS AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin William De Rusett
and Richard Farrell Dale at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 15th August 1866.
We, EDWIN WILLIAM DE RUSETT, of Lewisham, in the County of Kent,
Engineer, and RICHARD FARRELL DALE, of Shoe Lane, in the City of
London, Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS, AND IN ADAPTING THEM FOR PROPELLING VESSELS AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, first, in introducing steam or other vapor
directly into the chamber or cylinder or chambers or cylinders of pumps,
and condensing the steam or vapor therein either by jet or surface con-
densation, the liquid in the pumps causing the steam or vapor valves
to be self-acting, as hereafter described.
Secondly, in employing the pump chamber or cylinder as the delivery.
valve, and enclosing it or not in an air chamber, as hereafter described.
011.'מח

page_text: Thirdly, in means or apparatus for applying these pumps for propelling
and steering vessels, and for driving machinery either afloat or ashore,
and in reversing the power derived from the pumps for the propulsion
of vessels by causing the suction and delivery valves to rotate in a frame
or frames, all as hereafter described.
We admit steam or other vapor (say, steam) into a chamber or cylinder;
this steam condenses in the chamber and causes a vacuum, which is filled
up by water or other liquid entering the chamber through a suction
valve or valves. As the liquid rises in the chamber it causes a float
therein to rise with it until the float comes in contact with a stop or
tappet, which operates on a valve or valves for again letting in steam to
the chamber, so as to drive the liquid from the chamber through an
outlet valve; the float falls with the liquid until it comes in contact with
another stop or tappet, thus closing the steam inlet valve, when vacuum
is again formed by means of a jet of water or other means for condensing
the steam, and the same action occurs as before described. The liquid
may leave the chamber by ordinary delivery valve or valves with or
without an air vessel and rising main; or the chamber itself can rest
on a seating, when the pressure of the vapor will cause it to rise, and
thus it will permit the liquid to escape. If more than one chamber be
used they may be made to balance one another. It is preferred to cover
the chamber with a case which will act as an air vessel. Two or more
cylinders may be used, so as to deliver a steady continuous discharge,
when the floats will work alternately by any suitable contrivance, and
they may be made of any material so that they answer their purpose,
namely, to regulate the steam valves and expansion valve. The steam
valves may be operated on directly by means of rods attached to or
actuated by the floats, or may be opened and shut by means of a separate
cylinder or cylinders and pistons connected to the valves, the said
cylinder or cylinders having a small valve or valves acted on by the rods
of levers connecting the same to the floats. The chamber or chambers
may contain a lining open at the top; the space between the casing and
the chambers allows free access for the entering fluids, while it has at or
near its bottom a passage communicating with the delivery valve or
valves; or the suction valve may be at or near the top of the chamber.
One chamber may supply fluid to the other chamber for the purpose
of condensing the steam or vapor when required; or a separate pump o
vessel may be employed for the same purpose; or the entering fluids, as
last described, may effect this object.

page_text: Tenders for locomotives or tanks can be filled by the same appliance as
before described, the tender or tank serving the chamber, and by
preference the steam valve will be worked by hand, so as to create a
vacuum. The suction pipe may be lowered by any suitable appliance,
and may be placed in any desirable position. A valve opening out-
wards lets off the air which will be discharged by the entering steam.
These pumps may be used for bilge, fire, or any purpose for suction
and discharge of liquids. In applying them for propelling and steering
vessels the cylinders or chambers will be placed in any convenient position
in the vessel, and will be attached by means of pipes or otherwise to
or will contain another chamber or chambers provided with the suction
and delivery valves. These valves are fitted so that they may be turned
round on a frame or frames by any suitable appliances for the purpose
of reversing their action, and then the channel which was previously
the suction channel becomes the delivery channel, and vice versa, there-
by causing the vessel's motion to be reversed. These channels lead
outside the vessel, giving free passage for the egress or ingress of the
water. It is preferred to place these channels so that they are as nearly
parallel to the centre line of the vessel as possible, particularly the after-
most one, which by preference projects beyond the vessel's skin. We
[prefer to place the pumps in the up-take of the boilers, or where the
gases from the furnace may reach them; or they be above or below the
water, and may draw from the bilge and sea, or either; or the water
from these pumps may be used in a water engine of suitable construc-
tion, which engine may give motion to one or any number of screws or
other propelling instrument or instruments, and may be used either for
machinery in vessels afloat or for driving machinery ashore. The neces-
sary steam or vapor power required to drive these pumps may be derived
from the waste steam of any ordinary engine or engines with which the
pumps may be connected.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edwin William De Rusett and Richard Farrell Dale in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th February 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWIN
WILLIAM DE RUSETT, of Lewisham, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
and RICHARD FARRELL DALE, of Shoe Lane, in the City of London;
Founder, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said Edwin William De Rusett and Richard Farrel Dale,
Her special licence that we, the said Edwin William De Rusett and
Richard Farrel Dale, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Edwin William De Rusett and Richard Farrel
Dale, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN PUMPS, AND IN ADAPTING THEM FOR PROPELLING VESSELS AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Edwin William De Rusett or Richard Farrell Dale, or one of us, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
one of our or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edwin William De Rusett and
Richard Farrell Dale, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists, first, in introducing steam or other vapor
directly into the chamber or cylinder or chambers or cylinders of pumps,
and condensing the steam or vapor therein either by jet or surface con-
densation, the liquid in the pumps causing the steam or vapor valves to
be self-acting, as hereafter described.
Secondly, in employing the pump chamber or cylinder as the delivery
valve, and enclosing it or not in an air chamber, as hereafter described.
Thirdly, in means or apparatus for applying these pumps for propel-
ling and steering vessels, and for driving machinery either afloat or
ashore, and in reversing the power derived from the pumps for the pro-
pulsion of vessels by causing the suction and delivery valves to rotate.
in a frame or frames, all as hereafter described,

page_text: We admit steam or other vapour (say, steam) into a chamber or cylin-
der; this steam condenses in the cylinder and causes a vacuum, which is
filled up by water or other liquid entering the chamber through a suc-
tion valve or valves. As the liquid rises in the chamber it causes a float
therein to rise with it until the float comes in contact with a stop or
tappet, which operates on a valve or valves for again letting in steam
to the chamber, so as to drive the liquid from the chamber through an
outlet valve; the float falls with the liquid until it comes in contact with
another stop or tappet, thus closing the steam inlet valve, when vacuum
is again formed by means of a jet of water or other means for condensing
the steam, and the same action occurs as before described. The liquid
may leave the chamber by ordinary delivery valve or valves with or with-
out an air vessel and rising main, or the chamber itself can rest on a seat-
ing, when the pressure of the vapour will cause it to rise, and thus it
will permit the liquid to escape. If more than one chamber be used
they may be made to balance one another. It is preferred to cover the
chamber with a case that will act as an air vessel. Two or more cylin-
ders may be used, so as to deliver a steady continuous discharge, when
the floats will work alternately by any suitable contrivance, and they
may be made of any material so that they answer their purpose, namely,
to regulate the steam valves and expansion valve. The steam valves
may be operated on directly by means of the rods attached to or actuated
by the floats, or may be opened and shut by means of a separate cylin-
der or cylinders and pistons connected to the valves, the said cylinder or
cylinders having a small valve or valves acted on by the rods or levers
connecting the same to the floats. The chamber or chambers may con-
tain a lining open at the top; the space between the casing and the
chamber allows free access for the entering fluids, while it has at or
near its bottom a passage communicating with the delivery valve or
valves; or the suction valve may be at or near the top of the chamber.
One chamber may supply fluid to the other chamber for the purpose of
condensing the steam or vapor when required; or a separate pump or
vessel may be employed for the same purpose; or the entering fluids,
as last described, may effect the object.
Tenders for locomotives or tanks can be filled by the same appliances
as before described, the tender or tank serving as the chamber, and by
preference the steam valve will be worked by hand, so as to create a
vacuum. The suction pipe may be lowered by any suitable appliance,
and
may be placed in any desirable position. A valve opening outwards

page_text: lets off the air which will be discharged by the entering steam. These
pumps may be used for bilge, fire, or any purpose for suction and dis-
charge of liquids. In applying them for propelling and steering vessels
the cylinders or chambers will be placed in any convenient position in
the vessel, and will be attached by means of pipes or otherwise, or will
contain another chamber or chambers provided with the suction and
delivery valves. These valves are fitted so that they may be turned
round on a frame or frames by any suitable appliances for the purpose
of reversing their action, and then the channel which was previously
the suction channel becomes the delivery channel, and vice versa, thereby
causing the vessel's motion to be reversed. These channels lead outside
the vessel, giving free passage for the egress or ingress of the water. It
is preferred to place these channels so that they are as nearly parallel
to the centre line of the vessel as possible, particularly the aftermost
one, which by preference projects beyond the vessel's skin. We prefer
to place pumps in the up-take of the boilers, or where the gases from
the furnaces may reach them; or they may be above or below the water,
and may draw from the bilge and sea, or either; or the water from these
pumps may be used in a water engine of suitable construction, which
engine may give motion to one or any number of screws or other pro-
pelling instrument or instruments, and may be used either for machinery
in vessels afloat or for driving machinery ashore. The necessary steam
or vapour power required to drive these pumps may be derived from
the waste steam of any ordinary engine or engines with which the pumps
may be connected.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a vertical section of a steam
pump constructed according to our Invention; Figure 2 is a similar view
of a somewhat modified arrangement.
A is the steam pipe; B, the suction valve; and C the delivery valve;
D is the chamber of the pump; E (Figure 1) is an interior casing form-
ing a water space all round, which is open at top and closed at bottom;
F is the air cock, which is also used for priming; G (Figure 2) is a box
containing a valve opening upwards; H is the steam valve or cock. The
action is as follows:-The chamber D is filled with water by means of
the cock F; the steam valve or cock H is then partially opened to dis-
charge the contents of the chamber D by the valve C and cock F. On
the steam being shut off that in the chamber D is condensed in the
arrangement shown in Figure 1. by the external cold water between
the casing E and chamber D, and in the arrangement shewn in Figure 2

page_text: by part of the discharged water returning by the valve G up the pipe K,
which is in connection with the delivery valve chamber. The chamber
D is filled by the suction valve B by reason of the vacuum created by the
condensation of the steam, and a portion of air returns through the
cock F, but not so much as is forced out by the steam. The valve or
cock H is again opened, admitting a fresh supply of steam, which again
discharges the contents of the chamber D, as before, and on the steam
being shut off vacuum is again created and the chamber D is again
filled, and so on continuously as long as required. The arrangement
shown in Figure 1 may be fitted with an injection pipe and valve, as in
Figure 2, and the arrangement shown in Figure 2 may have an interior
casing, as in Figure 1, for cold water. The pump represented in Figure
2 offers great facilities for examination, for by unscrewing the bolt L
and breaking the joint M the chamber D may be lifted off, and then by
removing the lid or cap N the delivery valve C may be lifted out and also
the suction valve B through the seat of the valve C.
Figure 3 is a vertical section of a combined steam and hand pump con-
structed according to our Invention. A is the steam entrance, any
approved steam valve being used; B is the suction valve; and C, the
delivery valve; D is a plunger to be worked by hand. If steam only is
being used, the handle of the pump should be locked. E is an eye, to
which the pump rod is attached; F is a space for water for condensing
the steam; G is an air regulating screw, answering the purpose of the
cock F in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 is a vertical section of a double-acting steam pump, and
Figure 5 a similar view of a pump of somewhat modified construction.
A is the steam pipe; B, B, are the suction valves; C, the delivery. In
the arrangement shewn in Figure 4 C acts as the pump chamber. D, D,
are the pump chambers; E (Figure 5) is an interior chamber forming
an annular water space, open at top and closed at bottom; F is the air
cock, or valve, or priming cock; G, G, Figure 4, are entrances for injec-
tion water, and fitted with valves, as in Figure 2; these two pipes join
in one, which terminates in a water trough K. The lift of the injec-
tion valves can be regulated by a screw pressing on them when open.
H, H, are steam valves, which are connected by a beam L so as to regu
late their opening and closing at regular intervals; R, Figure 4, is a
float; M, N, are stops on the rod O, Figure 4; P, P, are guides for regu-
lating the lift of the pump chambers; Q, Figure 5, is a plate for receiv-
ing the shock of water entering the chamber D. The action is the same

page_text: as in the arrangements shown in Figures 1 and 2, except that after the
water has entered the pump chamber by the suction valves B the valves
are worked by the float R. (Figure 4) rising and falling with the water
and coming in contact with the stops M, N, on the rods O, which are
in connection with the steam valves H, thus when the float R rises and
touches the stop M it acts on the valve H, and by the beam L upon the
opposite valve, thus admitting steam into the chamber D', and shutting
it off from the chamber D. The vacuum acts in the chamber D by
injection water entering through G, as in Figure 2, and sucks up the
water through the suction valve B, while the water in the chamber D
is being discharged by the steam, causing this chamber to lift off its seat
until stopped by coming in contact with the guides P. As the water
rises in the chamber D the float rises with it until it
comes in
contact with its upper stop, when it acts exactly
as before described for the chamber D'; the discharge water
leaves the trough K by any convenient means. The action of the valves
H in Figure 5 is caused by the shock of the incoming water against the
plates Q, which act on the valves as just described for Figure 4, the
water being discharged by any suitable delivery valves, and the chambers
D, D', remaining fixed. In either of these double-acting pumps the
steam valves may be worked by hand, as, for example, in the manner
shewn in Figure 6, where by giving a reciprocating motion to the rod X
and toe Y by any suitable contrivance the valve H will alternately cover
and uncover the steam ports Z, Z', communicating with the chambers
D, D', the steam entering the valve box V by the pipe A.
Figures 7 and 7 represent a pump similar in action to those shown in
Figures 4 and 5. A is a steam pipe passing through a stuffing box in
the dome of the air vessel R; or it may be turned down and come out
through the fixed piece R'; B, B, are the suction valves; C, C, the
delivery valves; and D, D', the pump chambers; F is the air valve; G, G,
are the injection valves, terminating, by preference with roses. The
pipes E join in the pipe E', which leads to the bottom of the air vessel
R, where it terminates in a regulating cock M governed by a wheel or
lever N, this wheel also actuates a rod O, which has attached to it a toe
or lifter P used for starting the pump. The steam valves H, H', are
opened and shut by the suction valves, from which rods B¹ rise, passing
through stuffing boxes in the covers of the chambers D, D', where they
act by means of bell-crank levers K, K', on the valve rods L, L', and by
these on the valves H, H¹. S is a sliding valve for shutting the nozzles

page_text: T, T', and so arranged that the nozzles cannot both be closed at once;
it is moved, by preference, by means of a rack U acted on by the quad-
rant U', which has communication with the outside of the casing R' by
a stuffing box or otherwise, and is moved by a lever or otherwise,
whereby the desired end, as before explained, is obtained. The action
is as follows: The pump casing R is first filled with water through a
priming nozzle up to the cover of the chamber D by moving the wheel N
to one side or the other, which causes the toe P to lift the valve B, which
acts on the steam valve H through the rod B', bell crank K, and valve
rod L; steam is thus admitted into the chamber D', discharging its con-
tents as described in reference to Figures 1 and 2; the water surround-
ing the chamber D' causes condensation, and this is continued as de-
scribed in reference to Figures 4 and 5 until the water has been sucked
up the suction pipe, when the suction valve will rise to its full height
and open the steam valve for the chamber D', as herein-before described,
causing. this chamber to discharge while the chamber D is filling; when
the chamber D is full the valve is returned to its seat by a spring Jor
by any other suitable contrivance, such as a steam cylinder with piston,
the cylinder being open to the steam, which presses the piston on the
rod B or B, at the same time allowing it to rise or fall. The nozzles T
may now be opened, and the water allowed to run out of the air vessel
R, the priming nozzles being now closely shut. On the pump being
again started by the wheel N, causing the toe P to open the steam valve
H', the chamber D' will discharge, and on the valve H' closing conden-
sation will take place, and the water be discharged into the chamber D'
among the steam owing to the pressure in the air vessel R sending the
water up the injection pipe E'. As soon as a vacuum is created the
suction valve will open and water will enter the chamber D', and the
valve B' cause the steam valve H to admit steam into the chamber D,
where the same action as described for the chamber D' will take place;
this action will continue so long as steam is admitted into the steam pipe
and water or other fluid is available for pumping. The delivery valves
C discharge into the air vessel R; they may be of any construction, but
we prefer that shewn in Figure 8; it is partially in equilibrium; C is the
upper valve, and C the lower and, smaller valve screwed to it. At A
a stem B rises through the centre of the valve, and acts as a guide; it
terminates in a nut or nuts B', which regulate the lift of the valve, and
on removing the nuts B' the valve can be lifted off the smaller piece C',
passing through the upper seating. The valves have rings or grooves

page_text: turned in them, and india-rubber washers sprung in, so as to make an
elastic seating. The suction valves B, B', (Figure 7) are constructed on
the same principle of seating.
Figure 8 shows another form of delivery valve consisting of a belt or
band G of india-rubber encircling the foot of the pump chamber on a
grated seat, the band G being kept in place by a hoop or guard J fas-
tened to the seating by pins or otherwise.
Figure 9 shows another kind of steam valve which may be used
instead of that shewn in Figure 7; its action is substantially the same
except that when the pump is not working one of the ports remains un-
covered, as shown, while the valves in Figure 7 both remain closed, thus
requiring the toe P and wheel N to start the pump as before described,
while with the valves shown in Figure 9 the same purpose will be accom-
plished if the suction pipe were not primed by the main steam valve if
placed near the air vessel, or if the pump were primed
directly the steam was admitted by the pipe A the pump
would commence working. Equilibrium or other steam valves
may be used for any of the pumps before described, or a
steam cylinder may work the slide valves, as shewn in
Figures 16 and 17 if preferred, and any method of operating upon the
said steam valves or for producing condensation in the cylinder may be
used in any of the pumps if found suitable; or stone or metal floats may
be employed suspended by the rods attached to the steam valves so that
when the water leaves them they may by their gravity cause the steam
valves to open as before described.
Figure 10 shows the air regulator or valve which we prefer; the valve
A is for discharging air through while the air can be sucked into the
chamber by means of the grooves B, B, the discharge being regulated by
the nut C allowing the valve to rise any desired height; the nut D by
being screwed down to its seating E regulates the space for admission
of air.
Figure 11 is a longitudinal section and Figure 12 and end view of a
tender showing how we apply our Invention for filling tenders and
similiar vessels or tanks. A is the steam pipe from the engine or boiler;
B is the pipe, which can be raised or lowered into the tank between the
rails by preference by means of a hand wheel C, which turns a pinion D
in gear with a rack on the pipe B; E is a hand pump; F is a three-way
cock for directing the flow of the steam from the pipe A; G is an air
valve. The action is as follows;-On the pipe B being lowered so that

page_text: it enters a sufficient depth into the liquid to be raised, the cock F is
opened by means of a lever H so that the steam enters the tank by means
of the pipe K; this is left open until the steam escapes by the valve G;
the cock F is then closed and the pump E is charged out of the supple-
mentary tank L by drawing out the handle M. The contents of the
pump are now to be discharged through the rose N among the steam,
where condensation takes place, and the vacuum thus created sucks up
water through the tube B. The operation as just described may be
repeated if necessary until sufficient water is sucked up. It is not
necessary for the tube B to be raised and lowered by the rack and pinion,
as it may have a joint below the bottom of the tender and be swung up
and lowered by suitable appliances; or a flexible suction pipe may be
used as found advantageous for filling tanks for traction and other port-
able engines. If the pump shown in Figure 7 be used as a fire engine
pump a suction air vessel should be fitted, and the feed air vessel or tank
may be in connection with the regulator cock M so as to supply water
for injection instead of priming the air vessel, as before explained.
We now proceed to describe the manner in which we adapt our pumps
to propelling and steering vessels. Figure 13 is a longitudinal section
of a vessel with the pumps, valve gear, suction pipes, valve chamber, and
fore and aft main. motive pipe, and other adjacent parts; Figure 14 is a
section of the vessel through the line A, B, of Figure 13, and Figure 15
is a horizontal section through the line C, D, of Figure 14, giving a
general plan of the valve chamber, pipes, and other parts. The action
of the steam is simply to create and partially destroy a vacuum, thus
causing the water to rise and fall accordingly. We make use of this as
follows: On the water rising it flows through channels under control
as regards the directing of the currents, and again when the water falls
it escapes as directed.
To effect this properly we prefer to use two
pump chambers to constitute one set, two sets being employed, one on
cach side of the vessel, but any number found convenient may be used.
These pump chambers may be above or below the water. On the water
rising in a pump chamber it may be drawn in at the forward part of the
vessel and discharged through a nozzle at the after part, as shown, or
the current may be reversed by turning the valve round so that the suc-
tion valves are towards the after part and the delivery valves at the for-
ward part. The pump chambers being worked in pairs one of each
pair will be filling while the other is discharging; each may have a sepa-
rate siction and delivery valve or suction and delivery valve in one frame,

page_text: or the suction and delivery valves for both chambers of a pair may be in
one frame, all answering the same end for directing the currents.
The general detail of the methods mentioned is shown in Figures 16
to 22.
Figure 16, shows the top of one set of chambers with the valve gear
and the mode of constructing the cylinders or chambers. The valve gear
shown is suitable for being worked by floats, as in Figure 4, or by suc-
tion valves, as in Figure 7, or by a concussion plate as in Figure 5.
Figure 17 shows a pair of chambers with valve ports, &c., here the
valve is worked by means of a small independent steam engine without
any other connection with the suction valve floats.
Figure 18 shows the bottom of the cylinders or chambers common to
both Figures 16 and 17, with the method of allowing for expansion; this
method may be used if necessary in any of the pumps herein-before de-
scribed by cast or wrought rings in the chambers; or stuffing boxes may
be used for the same purpose.
Figures 19 and 20 are respectively a sectional elevation and a plan
showing an arrangement of suction and delivery valves for two chambers,
two valve frames being used; this arrangement may be employed for
working the steam valves, as shown in Figures 7, 7, and 16, by con-
necting one of the suction valves to the steam valves as shewn.
Figures 21 and 22 show an arrangement for the same purpose as
Figures 19 and 20, but worked out in a different manner, two sets of
suction valves and two sets of delivery valves being in one frame for
the two chambers; with this arrangement the steam valve gear shown in
Figure 17 is preferred.
In Figure 16, A, A', are the main steam valves with vacuum or ex-
haust channel B; C is the steam cylinder; D is the auxiliary steam valve,
acted on by rods E, E', through bell cranks F, F', and rods G; H, H',
are floats; K is the rod connecting the valves A A', together; P, P', are
stops on the rods E', E'; the engine being started as explained, the
floats rising and floating with the water alternately act against the
stops P, P, which causes the valve D to open the steam ports in the
cylinder C alternately, as is usual in steam engines where the piston of
the cylinder C is caused to traverse the cylinder, the rods K being
attached to it and to the valves A, A'; they are drawn backward and
forward, and the ports L, L', are uncovered, and the ports M, M',
covered alternately, and steam is allowed to enter the chamber and air
to escape through the ports M, M', to the air pump, as already described.

page_text: If the chambers are placed below the water line of the vessel steam
above the atmospheric pressure must be used, and the air pump may
then be dispensed with.
In Figure 17, A is the steam valve box; B, the steam valve; and C
an exhaust aperture in the valve; D, D', are the steam ports; and E
the exhaust ports communicating to the air pump; E' is the exhaust
aperture from the small engine; F, the valve rod; G, the small engine
for working the main valve; O is the outer and P the inner cylinder. In
Figure 18, O is the outer and P the inner cylinder; Q is a pipe rising
from the suction and delivery valve chambers; R is the expansion ring; or
a stuffing box may be used if preferred.
In Figures 19 and 20, A, A', are frames with the suction valves
B, B', and delivery valves C, C'; these may be of any suitable form and
material, but we prefer rubber disc valves; D is a flap valve having a
metal back and a rubber face, and working on a hinge E, and having a
lever F to which a rod N is attached for working the steam valves as
described in reference to Figures 7 and 8, when it is preferred to use
equilibrium valves, or as in Figure 16. G is a rod to which are keyed
bevil wheels H, H', for giving the valve frames A, A', a half turn by
means of racks K; the frames A, A', work on rims L and centres M.
In Figures 21 and 22, A, A', is a single frame with two sets of
suction valves B, B', and of delivery valves C, C¹; the frame is turned
round as required by bevil wheels D, E. The action is as follows:-The
engines being as shewn in Figures 13, 14, and 15, and in detail in
Figures 17, 21, and 22; the auxiliary engine 9, Figure 15, for working the
air and injection pumps (by preference using high-pressure steam, and
exhausting into the main boiler, superheaters, or steam chest) is first
started so as to exhaust the air from the boiler Z and chambers P, P';
the water is thus sucked through the pipe S into the chambers, and on
steam being got up in the boilers Z, and the throttle valve being opened,
the steam (preferably below atmospheric pressure) enters that pump
chamber (say, P') the port of which is open, and destroys the equilibrium
produced as before maintained by the air pump, the water falls, and in
doing so rushes out of the nozzle T; the main valve is now moved by
the engine G, which has now to be started, and steam is immediately
admitted to the other chamber P, and the equilibrium of the water is
destroyed, as just explained, but the chamber P₁ is sucking up water
through its valve chamber, and the air which is in the water and leaks
in is exhausted by the air pump, and the steam is condensed by the

page_text: injection valve being opened by a rod from the main valve, as Figure 13,
the valve being again shifted by the engine G, and the action just de-
scribed is repeated. If the motion of the vessel is to be reversed, the
valve frame has simply to be turned half round by the rod G, which
may be worked from the captain's bridge, when the suction valve will
draw from the nozzle T and the discharge valve discharge by the pipe S.
If required to turn the vessel one side can be made to draw from the
bow and the other from the stern by turning the valve frame accordingly.
Should the vessel spring a dangerous leak the stop valve 6 can be closed
and the valve 7 opened by their respective handles, the latter valve
being the bilge suction valve; there will be no impediment to the vessel's
progress from the water being discharged from the stern nozzle T. It
may be found necessary to let in water in addition to the injection water
at or near the top of the pump chambers, as shown at U in Figures 13
and 14, which is a pipe open to the sea and terminating in a suction valve
at U'; the object of this is to assist in creating a vacuum and to cool
the surface of the water in the chambers; or a pipe and delivery valve
may be used for drawing off some of the warm water if necessary, and
this pipe may discharge into the delivery pipe T' or S according to
circumstances.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim,-
First, constructing pumps in which steam or vapour is introduced
directly into the pump chamber or cylinder or chambers or cylinders,
and in which the steam or vapor is condensed therein by jet or surface
condensation, the liquid in the pumps causing the steam or vapor valves
to be self-acting, all substantially as berein-before described.
Second, the several arrangements of pumps herein-before described
and represented in the accompanying Drawings.
Third, the several arrangements herein-before described and repre-
sented in the accompanying Drawings for adapting the pumps for pro-
pelling and other purposes.
Fourth, constructing pumps for raising and forcing water by the direct
action of steam or vapor in which an internal casing is employed for
condensing the steam or vapor and thereby producing a vacuum, sub-
stantially as herein-before described and represented in Figures 1 and 3.
Fifth, constructing pumps for raising and forcing water by the direct
action of steam or vapor in which a jet is employed for condensing the

page_text: steam or vapour, and thereby producing a vacuum, substantially as herein-
before described and represented in Figure 2.
Sixth, the employment in pumps of floats to regulate the admission
or cut off of steam or vapor, substantially as herein-before described
and represented in Figure 4.
Seventh, constructing pumps substantially as herein-before described
with reference to Figure 7, in which the suction valves themselves are
made to regulate the admission or cut off of the steam or vapour.
Eighth, the arrangement substantially as herein-before described and
represented in Figures 11 and 12 for filling tenders and other tanks with
liquids.
Ninth, constructing pumps in which the steam or vapour valves are
worked or actuated by auxiliary power, the motion of which is quite in-
dependent of the main engine, substantially as herein-before described
and represented in Figures 13 to 17.
Tenth, arranging the suction and delivery valves in pumps and hydro-
propulsion substantially as herein-before described and represented in
Figures 19 to 22, so that by turning them round the direction of the
suction and delivery currents is reversed.
Eleventh, the arrangement or arrangements substantially as herein-
before described and represented in Figures 13 to 22 for adapting the
pumps for propelling and steering vessels.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Farrell Dale, for myself and
on behalf of the said Edwin William De Russett Dale, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of February, Onc
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
RICH. F. DALE. (L..s.)