AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR APPLICABLE PROVISIONAL SPFICATION VEN- TILATOR APPLICABLE FOR VENTILATING THE ROOMS OF DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Anderson, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR APPLICABLE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Anderson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th November 1875.
I, DAVID ANDERSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED VEN-
TILATOR APPLICABLE FOR VENTILATING THE ROOMS OF DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER
STRUCTURES," to be as follows :-
My Invention relates to a novel form or construction of ventilator to
be placed in the chimney breasts or flues of rooms of dwelling houses or
other structures for the purpose of drawing off the heated and vitiated
air from such rooms, and thereby ventilating such rooms.
In order that my Invention may be understood I will describe a ven-
tilator constructed according to my Invention, such as would be suitable

page_text: for the room of an ordinary dwelling house whose chimney or flue is,
say, about fourteen inches in width by nine inches in depth.
In carrying out my Invention I place or fix at a point or position at
or near the top of such room and in the chimney breast or flue a rectan-
gular elbowed tube of metal or suitable material, of, say, fourteen inches
in width by one inch in depth, that is, having an area of about one-ninth
the area of the chimney. The tube may be about two feet in height, the
elbowed portion being of sufficient dimensions to suit the brickwork of
the chimney breast or flue. The tube is open at both ends, and is
inserted in the chimney breast or flue in position as before mentioned;
with its shorter arm opening into the room and its longer arm extending
up the chimney or flue.
The elbow of the tube may be provided with a suitable door for
clearing away any soot or dirt that may collect in the tube.
Below the tube and opening into the chimney or flue there may be
fitted a door of area equal to the area of the chimney or flue, less the
ventilating tube, namely, the remaining eight-ninths of the area of the
chimney or flue, such door being used for the purpose of cleaning, and
in some cases for additional ventilation.
My Invention is capable of sundry modifications, as, for instance, the
elbowed arm of the tube may be flared out and reduced in depth,
and gradually develop into the dimensions of the longer arm, thus the
lower arm might be twenty-eight inches in width and one-half inch in
depth, developping into fourteen inches in width and one inch in depth.
Also, my Invention may be modified by using a cylindrical elbowed
tube or a series of cylindrical elbowed tubes, such tubes being placed in
the chimney breast or flue in manner similar to the rectangular tube; or
tubes of any other section may be used, as will be understood.
The principles upon which my Invention operate are,-
Firstly. The exposure of a large surface, being a tube or tubes, to the
action of the superior heat in the chimney or flue caused by a fire,
thereby heating the air in the longer arm of the tube, and thus enforcing
an upward current of air through the tube or tubes, thus ventilating the
room by carrying off the vitiated air.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said David Anderson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th May 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
ANDERSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said David Anderson, Her
special licence, that I, the said David Anderson, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said David Anderson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR APPLICABLE FOR VENTILATING THE ROOMS OF DWELLING
HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said David Anderson, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and

page_text: cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Anderson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My Invention relates to a novel form or construction of ventilator to
be placed in the chimney breasts or flues of rooms of dwelling houses or
other structures for the purpose of drawing off the heated and vitiated
air from such rooms, and thereby ventilating such rooms.
In order that my Invention may be understood I will describe a ven-
tilator constructed according to my Invention, such as would be suitable
for the room of an ordinary dwelling house in which the chimney or
flue is, say, about fourteen inches in width by nine inches in depth.
In carrying out my Invention I place or fix at a point or position at
or near the top of such room and in the chimney breast or flue a rectan-
gular elbowed tube of metal or suitable material, of, say, fourteen inches
in width by one inch in depth, that is, having an area of about one-ninth
the area of the chimney. The tube may be about two feet in height, the
elbowed portion being of dimension to suit the brickwork of the chimney
breast or flue. The tube is open at both ends, and is inserted in the
chimney breast or flue in position 'as before mentioned, with its shorter
arm opening into the room and its longer arm extending up the chimney
or flue.
The elbow of the tube may be provided with a suitable door for
clearing away any soot or dirt that may collect in the tube.
Below the tube and opening into the chimney or flue there may be
fitted a door of area equal to the area of the chimney or flue, less the
ventilating tube, namely, the remaining eight-ninths of the area of the
chimney or flue, such door being used for the purpose of cleaning, and
in some cases for additional ventilation."
My Invention is capable of sundry modification, as, for instance, the
elbowed arm of the tube may be flared out and reduced in depth,
and gradually develop into the dimensions of the longer arm, thus the

page_text: lower arm might be twenty-eight inches in width and one-half inch in
depth, developing into fourteen inches in width and one inch in depth.
Also, my Invention may be modified by using a cylindrical elbowed
tube or a series of cylindrical elbowed tubes, such tubes being placed in
the chimney breast or flue in manner similar to the rectangular tube; or
tubes of any other section may be used, as will be understood.
The before-going being the nature, object, and purposes of this my
Invention, I will now proceed to describe how the same may be carried
out into practical effect, and for that purpose I have hereunto attached
a Sheet of Drawings marked with letters and figures of reference corre-
sponding with those in the following explanation. Like letters and
figures denote similar parts throughout the various views.
Figure 1 is a section of a chimney or flue fitted with a ventilator con-
structed according to my Invention.
Figure 2 is a front view of the ventilator as shown at Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a section of a flue fitted with a modification of a ventilator
constructed according to my Invention.
Figure 4 is a section of a flue fitted with a second modification of a
ventilator constructed according to my Invention.
Figure 5 is a front view of the ventilator shown at Figure 3.
Figure 6 is a front view of the ventilator shown at Figure 4.
Figures 7 and 8 show a modification of my Invention in which a series
of pipes are substituted for the rectangular tubes.
Upon reference to the Drawings it will be seen that A is the chimney
flue; B, tube forming the ventilator; C, brickwork forming chimney
breast; D, door below ventilator opening into the fluc A.
The ventilator B, shown in Figure 1, is provided with a door E, which
may be opened for the purpose of clearing away soot or dirt.
The ventilator shown at Figures 3 and 5 is formed with a hinged
back F, which is caused to open by the rod H.
The ventilator shown at Figures 4 and 6 is provided with a box K, the
front of which is covered with perforated metal or wire guaze, upon:
removing which the ventilator can be cleared of soot or dirț.

page_text: The ventilator shown at Figures 7 and 8 consists of a series of elbowed
pipes, which may be set in the flue and brickwork in manner similar to
that shown at Figure 4.
The ventilators may be fixed in the flues and secured by holdfasts,
bolts, stays, or other suitable means.
The principles upon which my Invention operate are,—
Firstly. The exposure of a large surface, being a tube or tubes, to the
action of the superior heat in the chimney or flue caused by a fire,
thereby heating the air in the longer arm of the tube, and thus enforcing
an upward current of air through the tube or tubes, thus ventilating the
room by carrying off the vitiated air.
Secondly. Ventilation is caused by the elbowed tube or tubes in the
chimney or flue, making way or passage for the vitiated or heated air to
ascend instead of being checked or balanced by the body of air in the
chimney or flue.
Also, when the damper of the fire-place or chimney is shut, the tube
or tubes is or are still open for ventilation.
The door below the tube or tubes may also serve as an additional
ventilating medium.
A ventilator constructed and applied according to my Invention is
inexpensive and suitable to new or existing chimneys or flues.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature and object of
my Invention, and shown how the same may be carried out into practical
effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the
precise details, dimensions, and arrangement of ventilator as shown, as
the same may be considerably altered without departing from my Inven-
tion ; for instance, a straight tube may be used running diagonally
through the chimney breast, and leading from the room up and into the
chimney or flue; but what I claim as my Invention and secured to me
by Letters Patent as aforesaid is,-
Firstly. The construction and arrangement of ventilator, being a tube,
such as B, the longer arm of such tube extending up the flue, and the
shorter arm passing through the chimney breast, and opening into the
room to be ventilated, and operating in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before described and set forth.
€

page_text: Secondly. The construction and application of a ventilator, being an
elbowed tube, such as B, fitted in a chimney or flue in manner such as
shown at Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings, substantially
as set forth.
Thirdly. The construction and application of a ventilator, being an
elbowed tube, such as B, fitted in a chimney or flue in manner such as
shown at Figures 3 and 5 of the accompanying Drawings, substantially
as set forth.
Fourthly. The construction and application of a ventilator, being a
tube, such as B, fitted in a chimney or flue in manner such as shown
at Figures 4 and 6 of the accompanying Drawings, substantially as set
forth.
Fifthly. The construction and application of a ventilator; being a tube
or a series of tubes, such as B, fitted in a chimney or flue in manner
such as shown at Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying Drawings, sub-
stantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Anderson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.