Improvements in Glass Grinding Machines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Sept., 1899-Accepted, 25th Nov., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Glass Grinding Machines.
I, EMIL FERDINAND GENNERT, of No. 538, Decatur Street, in the Borough of
Brooklyn, of the City of New York, State of New York, United States of America,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention has especial reference to machines for grinding the edges of
scalloped glass globes, and consists in certain peculiarities in the construction
and arrangement of the several parts, and in certain novel combinations of
elements, substantially as hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in
the subjoined claims.
The objects of the invention are to provide a simple durable and inexpensive
machine particularly designed for grinding the edges of fluted glass globes and
the like, which
First, will be capable of grinding uniformly and accurately globes of irregular
shape as well as those of truly cylindrical form:
Second, will automatically manipulate the blank and control the grinding
thereof, so as to make it necessary only for the attendant to remove finished globes
and insert unfinished ones:
Third, will be so constructed as to provide for various adjustments required to
assure accurate work on different globes:
Fourth, will reduce to a minimum liability of breaking the globes in the
process of grinding: and
Fifth, will cause the grinding device to be worn uniform all around instead of
to a greater degree at one part than another:
Whereby the use of the device will result in a material reduction in the cost
of grinding the edges of fluted globes and the like and the device will be capable
of a most extended application in respect to the kind and size of the article
operated on.
These objects are accomplished by the construction illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings, in which:
-
Fig. 1 is a front view of a part of a grinding machine embodying my improve-
ments, showing different forms of grinding wheels either of which is capable of
attaining an advantageous result.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section, on line of Fig. 1. showing the parts in the
position they occupy while grinding a fluted glass globe.
Fig-3-is-a similar view showing the position of the parts while a finished globe
is being removed and an unfinished one inserted.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the machine.
Fig. 5 is a detail front view of the leg having means for guiding the blank-
supporting-means in its descent and limiting the depth of the scallop.
Fig. 6 is a side view of the same, and also shows the rod and spring-clip for
holding the blank supporting means elevated.
Fig. 7 is a detail representation of the rotative head which is engaged by the
blank, and
Fig. S is a detail sectional representation, showing the manner in which the
blank-supporting means are held elevated.
017

page_text: The same reference numerals designate the same parts in the several figures.
In preparing the blank for the action of my grinding device, the glass is molded
in a mold having alternate depressions and elevations on its body, of the desired
shape and depth.. These alternate depressions and projections form the flutes
or sections of the globe or other article. Said mold is also constructed to produca
a blowover turned out at an acute angle to the axis of the blank and said blow-
over is removed, by filing or otherwise, on the lines of the upper edges of the
Antes, thus forming a variable edge according to the form or depth of the flutings.
The globe is finished by placing it in the present machine which grinds the said
edges and thus finishes the scallops.
The above is the process which has been employed for preparing the globe
for the action of the grinding machine forming the subject matter of this appli
cation, but said process forms no part of this invention" and this machine is not
limited in its use to globes formed according to said process, but mention of the
process is made herein, nevertheless, as it is thought that the operation and
advantages of the machine will thereby best be understood.
The construction of the machine is as follows: 1 designates a suitable frame
and 2 the main shaft from which power is transmitted to the grinding wheel 3
and head 4. The grinding wheel 3 is mounted on a short shaft 5 which is
journaled in bearings on the upper portion of the frame and is connected with
the shaft 2 by the pulleys 6, 6 and belt 7: and said wheel runs in a trough 8
which contains sand and water in which the lower portion of the wheel is
immersed. By the arrangement shown, sufficient sand and water is applied to
the wheel at all times without liability of getting into the bearings of the shaft 5.
In practice there are several trough and grinding wheels in the machine, and
all of said grinding wheels are driven from the main drifting shaft 2. The
working face of the grinding wheel is preferably in the form of the equatorial
zone of a sphere, as indicated at the left hand side of Fig. 1 but it may he
spherical as shown at the right hand side of said figure; the object being that
such working face shall be curved uniformly in all direction, as contradistinguished
from that of a grinding wheel of conical or oval form, or a grinding wheel with
a working face having a transverse curvature substantially greater or less than
the curve struck from the axis of rotation..
The blank X to be ground is mounted on the head 4, which letter is arranged
in such relation to the wheel 3 as to hold the edge of said blank in engagement
with the grinding surface of said wheel. In the operation of the device, the
blank is revolved in a direction at or about a right angle with that of the grind-
ing wheel, so that every portion of the surface of the grinding wheel is presented
to the blank, whereby the surface of said wheel is worn away uniformly, instead
of being grooved or scored by repeated use, thus overcoming a serious objection
found to exist with the use of cone shaped grinding wheels upon the ends of
which the articles to be ground are slipped. The size of the grinding wheel is
proportional to the particular size of the globe to be operated on: thus for a
four inch globe it is preferred to use a wheel having a radius of six inches, and
for an eight inch globe a wheel having a radius of ten inches should be employed.
The uniform wear upon the wheel permits it to be used for smaller globes when
worn too much for the size for which it was made, and so on down from a larger
to a smaller size until it is entirely worn away, thus overcoming the expense, loss
of time and waste incident to re-turning scored grinders, as theretofore, besides
prolonging the period of usefulness of the wheel. The several grinding wheels
of the machine will preferably be of different sizes.
Another important advantage possessed by the present machine over the grind-
ing devices heretofore proposed for scalloping glass globes, is that with it there
is no necessity to crowd the blank up on the grinder, whereby the liability of
breaking the glass in the process of grinding it (which breakage of glass has been
of very frequent occurance heretofore) is reduced to a minimum.
In the preferred embodiment of my invention, shown in the accompanying

page_text: drawings, the shaft 2 is provided with a worm 9 which meshes with a worm 10
on an inclined shaft 11, and said shaft 11 has a beveled gear 12 which meshes
with a similar gear 13 mounted on the end of a horizontal shaft 14. Said shaft 14
is provided with a pulley 15 for each rotative head of the machine, and said heads
are each carried by a short vertical shaft 16 having a pulley 17 connected by a
belt 18 with the adjacent pulley 15. By this means, motion is transmitted from
the shaft 2 to the several heads 4 and the latter caused to rotate with less speed
than said shaft 2. The shafts 11 and 14 are supported by a suitable number of
properly arranged brackets of which some are shown at 19, 20 and 21. The
shaft 16 is journaled in the arms of a yoke 22, which is so mounted on an arm 23
as that it may be positioned to bring the blank over the center of the grinding
wheel and adjusted to cause said work to rotate at a right angle with said wheel.
It is held in adjusted position by a set screw 24.
25 designates the main supporting arm for the head. Said arm is pivotted
upon shaft 14 and has a block 26 secured to the underside of its forward end.
Into or through said block extends the arm 23, whereby said arms 23 and 25
have telescopic connection with each other. Thus not only is the yoke adjustable
on the arm 23, but said arm 23 is adjustable forward and rearward upon arm 25,
for the purpose of lengthening or shortening the blank-supporting means. Adjust-
ably mounted on the rear end of said arm 25 is a weight 27 (or other suitable
means may be employed in lieu thereof) which acts as a counterbalance and
regulates the degree of pressure of the blank X upon the grinding wheel.
28 designates a leg having an opening 29 in its top and a laterally extending
offset or flange 30 at the base of said opening. Said opening receives the block 26
and guides the arms 23 and 25 in their movement, and a set screw 31 threaded
through said offset 30 is set to stop the downward movement of said arms, and,
consequently, of the blank X, when the desired depth of scallop has been produced
or finished, and is adjustable to adapt the device to produce or finish various
depths of scallops. The rear end of the arm 25 is formed or provided with a
hook 32 and when the supporting arm 25 is turned on its fulcrum to enable a
new blank to be placed on the head 4, said hook 32 is received by a spring clip 33
arranged at the rear end of an inclined rod 34, whereby the parts are auto-
matically locked in elevated position while the finished globe is being removed
and a blank inserted. The rod 34 extends through the leg 28 and is secured
adjustably thereto, by the set screw 35, so as to be in accord with the height
required to elevate the arms in order conveniently to effect an exchange of a
finished globe for an unfinished one.
The head 4 preferably is adjustably screwed upon the end of the shaft 16, and
is preferably conical in shape and made of a material which will hold the blank
by friction."
From the above it will be seen that various adjustments are provided whereby
the blank may be conveniently and easily positioned in respect to the grinding
wheel, in the place necessary to effect the best results.
The machine is entirely automatic in grinding, and, after the proper adjust-
ments have been made, one boy can manage several, as he is only required to lift
the head, substitute a blank for the finished globe, and drop the head, which
obviously can be very quickly done.
To keep the rotating mechanism of the head free from the sand and water,
said rotating mechanism is encased by a hood or shield 36, which is closed at
the bottom and front, but may be open at the top and back to afford access to
the adjusting screw 24, yoke 22 and arm 23.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In a machine for grinding the edge of a fluted glass article, the combination
of the grinding wheel, the working face of which is in the arc of a circle struck

page_text: from its axis, a holding means for the glass article, means for rotating said
grinder, and devices for rotating said holding means in a direction at or about
a right angle with that of said grinder, so as to present the edges of the flutes
successively to the grinder and cause the latter to wear uniformly, as and for
the purpose set forth.
2. In a glass grinding machine, the combination with the grinder, of a head
for holding the article to be ground, a pivoted supporting arm connected with
said head, and counterbalancing means for said arm.
3. In a machine for grinding scallops, the combination with the grinder, of a
head for holding the article to be ground, a pivoted supporting arm connected
with said head, counterbalancing means for said arm, and an adjustable stop
engaging said arm and limiting the depth of the scallop, substantially as described.
4. In a glass grinding machine, the combination with the grinder, of a head
for holding the article to be ground, a pivoted supporting arm for said head, and
a spring clip to engage said arm when the head is elevated.
5. In a glass grinding machine, the combination with the grinder, of a head
for holding the article to be ground, a pivoted supporting arm for said head,
having a hook at its rear end, an adjustable rod, and a spring clip at the end of
said rod to engage said hook when the head is elevated.
6. In a glass grinding machine, the combination with the grinder, of a head
for holding the article to be ground, a pivoted supporting arm, means for adjust-
ably connecting said head with said arm, a leg having an opening to receive said
arm, and a stop screw to engage said arm.
7. The combination with the grinder and the rotative head, of a supporting
means for said lead pivoted to swing the latter into and out of operative relation
with the grinder, said supporting means having a plurality of arms slidably
connected together, whereby it may be lengthened or shortened substantially as
described and for the purpose set forth.
S. In a glass grinding machine, the combination with the grinder, of a pivoted
arm, a second arm slidably mounted on said pivoted arm, a yoke adjustably
mounted on said second arm, a shaft borne by said yoke, a head for holding the
article to be ground, carried by said shaft, and means for rotating said shaft.
9. In a glass-grinding machine, the combination with the grinder, of a pivoted
supporting arm, a head for supporting the article to he ground, connected with
one end of said arm, and a weight adjustably mounted on the other end of said
arm, as and for the purpose set forth.
10. In a glass-grinding machine, the combination with the frame, a trough for
containing an abrasive substance, and a grinding wheel in said trough, of a head
for holding the article to be ground, a rotative shaft supporting said head and
adjacent to the grinding wheel, a yoke for supporting said shaft, and a shield
enclosing said yoke.
11. In a glass grinding machine, the combination with the frame, a trough for
containing an abrasive substance, and a grinding wheel in said trough, of a head
for holding the article to be ground, a rotative shaft supporting said head,
adjacent to the grinding wheel, a yoke for supporting said shaft, a pivotally-
supported arm for the yoke, and a shield enclosing said yoke, said shield being
closed at the bottom and open at the top, substantially as described and for the
purposes set forth.
12. In a glass grinding machine, the combination with a rotative shaft, and a
rotative grinder, of a counterbalanced arm pivoted between its ends on said shaft,
and a shaft supported by said arm and provided with a head to hold the glass
being ground, the latter shaft being driven from the first-mentioned shaft in a
direction at an angle to that of the grinder, substantially as described and for the
purposes set forth.
13. In a machine for grinding the fluted edges of scalloped globes and the like,
the combination with the frame, a main driving shaft, a rotative grinding wheel
driven by said main shaft, a second shaft, a speed-reducing mechanism connect-

page_text: ing tlie second shaft with the main shaft, of a counterbalanced arm pivoted
between its ends on said second shaft, a shaft supported by said arm and provided
with a head to hold the article to be ground, and means for driving the latter
shaft from said second shaft so as to rotate the head at an angle to that of the
grinder, substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.
14. In a glass grinding machine, the combination with a rotative shaft, and a
rotative grinder, of a counterbalanced arm pivoted between its ends on said shaft,
a shaft supported by said arm and provided with a head to hold the glass being
ground, means for driving the latter shaft from the first-mentioned shaft in a
direction at an angle to that in which the grinder rotates, and means for auto-
matically engaging the end of the pivoted arm and holding the same when turned
to disengage the glass from the grinder.
15. In a glass grinding machine, the combination with a rotative shaft having
a head to hold the article to be ground, the grinder, and a pivoted supporting arm
for said shaft, of a leg having means for limiting the depth of the grinding
operation, and a rod supported by said leg and having means to engage said arm
and hold the shaft elevated when the arm has been turned to disengage the
article from the grinder.
16. In a glass grinding machine, the combination with a grinder, and a rotative
head for holding the article to be ground, of a pivoted supporting arm for said
head, a leg having an opening to receive said arm and a stop to engage the same,
and a rod supported by said leg and having means to engage said arm and hold
the head elevated when the arm has been turned to disengage the article from
the grinder.
17. In a glass grinding machine, the combination with a grinder, and a rotative
head for holding the article to be ground, of a pivoted supporting arm for said
head, constructed in sections telescopically connected together, a leg having an
opening to receive said arm and a stop to engage the same, and a rod adjustably
attached to said leg and having means at its end to engage said arm and hold
the head elevated from the grinder.
1000
DAY, DAVIES, & HUNT,
Chartered Patent Agents, 321, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.