Improvements in and appertaining to Mechanism for Automatically Starting and Stopping Pumps and other Machines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 19th July, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 1st Apr., 1893-Accepted, 8th July, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and appertaining to Mechanism for Automatically
Starting and Stopping Pumps and other Machines.
I, JOHANN GEORG WILHELM HARTMANN of 17 Bahnhofstrasse, Offenbach-
on-the-Main in the Empire of Germany, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows
This improved mechanism for starting and driving pumps and the like and
stopping the same automatically consists in arranging an intermediate gearing
which, by rotating a shaft or shafts placed eccentrically in a main shaft, actuates
a driving crank pin or crank pins in such a manner that, when the said driving
crank pin is concentric with the main shaft, the motion of the pump is stopped,
but, when the crank pin is eccentric to the main shaft, the pump is started.
The main shaft, revolving in supports is provided, between its two bearings, with
a hollow cog wheel, which is caused to rotate by means of a spur wheel secured to
the driving shaft. The two shafts which actuate the crank pins lie eccentrically
in the main shaft, and have each, at their outer ends, a disc, to which the crank
pins are fixed, said pins being connected with the connecting rods of the pump.
The centres of the main shafts and shaft actuating the crank pins and the pins
themselves are in the working position at angles of 90 degrees with each other.
Cog wheels are placed on the ends of the shafts actuating the crank pin which
face each other, and a broad cog wheel engages with both the cog wheels aforesaid,
this broad cog wheel is mounted on a shaft and is adjustably situated in the hollow
cog wheel aforesaid of the main shaft. The shaft carrying the broad cog wheel
projects through one of the side faces of the hollow cog wheel, and carries there a
star-shaped wheel, which receives its motion from the main shaft, and is retained
in its position by means of a spring pawl arranged on the hollow wheel, which
engages with the teeth of a ratchet wheel connected with the star-shaped wheel.
Parallel with the main shaft and in close proximity to the star-shaped wheel is a
slide moving in supports. The said slide has two arms in close proximity to the
star-wheel and the ratchet wheel, which, in one position are inoperative. If,
however, the slide is moved in the direction of the hollow wheel, the end of one
arm comes close to the side of the star wheel, which faces the main shaft, and a
projection of the other arm close to the spring pawl. If, then, the star wheel,
through the revolution of the hollow wheel, comes into a certain position, the
spring pawl will come in contact with one projection of the arm of the slide, and
will be released, whilst, at the same time, a tooth of the star wheel engages the
other arm, so that the star wheel is also detained, and thereby moves forward one
tooth in the hollow wheel, whereupon the projection releases the spring pawl, and
this latter, under the action of the spring, again drops into one of the teeth of the
ratchet wheel.
This is repeated at each revolution of the main shaft until the crank pin of the
disc (which (pin) is connected by means of the connecting rod with the pump
lever) comes concentric to the main shaft. If, then, the slide again returns to ins
middle position, it no longer influences the star wheel, and the working of the
pump continues uninterrupted even if the hollow wheel should continue to revolve.
If, on the other hand, the slide be moved away from the hollow wheel, the star
wheel, on the revolution of the main shaft, is detained on the side which is turned
away from the main shaft by the projection, whilst a second projection of the arm
first releases the pawl. The cog wheels located in the hollow wheel are thereby
revolved in an opposite direction until the crank pin reaches its extreme position,

page_text: and the pumps again come into play, because the slide has again reached its middle
position, in which it no longer influences the star and ratchet wheels.
The slide may be operated in various ways. In this case, it is worked
automatically by means of a float, arranged in an air chest, which is connected
with the slide by means of a bell crank lever. The said float, provided with a
series of weights, is lifted when the pressure increases, whereby the slide approaches
the hollow wheel by means of a bell crank lever working under pressure, whilst,
when the pressure falls, the slide is moved in the opposite direction. In the first
case, as already mentioned, the driving crank pin is concentric with the mainshaft
and the pump is stopped, in the second place, when the driving crank pin is
eccentric, the pump is started.
In a modified form, the adjustment of the crank pin is effected by means of
friction clutches and brakes. The mainshaft is again held in the same supports as
the pumps with which the hollow cog wheel is firmly connected and engages with
cog wheel movably mounted on the driving shaft. In the chamber of the main-
shaft, the hollow cog wheel may freely revolve and is provided with teeth both on
the inside and outside, and which engages with a cog wheel, which also freely
revolves on the driving shaft. The shafts actuating the driving crank pins are
free to rotate in the main shaft, and, on their outer ends, discs are arranged, on the
crank pins of which the cornecting rods of the pumps are attached, whilst, at the
inner ends of the shafts, the cog wheels are arranged, which engage with the inner
teeth of the hollow cog wheel. The two cog wheels on the driving shaft are
secured against shifting sideways and are connected with conical flanges which
form part of a friction coupling. The friction discs belonging thereto are prevented
from revolving on the driving shaft by means of a groove and key, and may be
moved to right or left by means of a forked arm adjustable within given limits
arranged on the slide rod. For this purpose, a regulating ring is arranged between
the two forked arms aforesaid, and outside each forked arm a regulating ring is
arranged on the slide rot, which, however, can only act on the respective arm of
the fork by means of a spring.
In the middle position of the slide rod, both arms of the fork are pressed by the
action of the springs against the cog wheels on the driving shaft, so that both
conical flanges rest against the friction discs, and thus both these cog wheels are
revolved by the driving shaft. The hollow wheel and a wheel in one with the main
shaft are also revolved, and no rotation of the shafts inserted in the main shaft
takes place. If, however, the slide rod be moved outwards, the regulating ring
acts on the fork arm in such a way that, first the friction disc, carried by the arms, is
released from the friction disc of the cog wheel on the shaft and then a brake
check of the arm aforesaid binds the second disc, and the cog wheel therefore
remains stationary. A spring, however, is simultaneously more strongly com-
pressed by one of the regulating rings, and thereby one of the discs at the other
end of the shaft will be more firmly connected with the friction disc on the opposed
cog wheel. The hollow cog wheel will, therefore, not share in the rotary motion,
but only the cog wheel in one with the main shaft, and, with it, the driving shaft.
Consequently, the wheels inside the hollow cog wheel travel round the inner cogs
of the stationary hollow wheel, and the crank pins, in consequence of the revolution
of the shafts carrying the wheels inside the hollow cog wheel, are gradually
adjusted to the centre of the main shaft, so that the pumps are thrown out of
operation. If then the slide returns to its middle position, one of the cog wheels
on the driving shaft is again returned, and both cog wheels on the driving shaft
revolve equally without, however, the pump again coming into operation.
If, on the other hand, the slide rod he moved further outward, the regulating
ring acts on the fork arm in such a way that one friction disc is released from the
other of the cog wheel, and the brake cheek of the fork arm binds the disc of
the other cog wheel. In consequence of this adjustment, the other friction disc is
still firmer coupled with the disc of the cog wheel by means of the fork arm, and
the main shaft is, therefore, rendered stationary whilst the hollow cog wheel
.

page_text: revolves further on the axis of the main shaft as its centre, in such a manner that a
revolution of the shafts inserted in the main shaft then takes place by means of the
cog wheels in the hollow cog wheel, by which movement the driving crank pins of
the discs are placed eccentrically to the main shaft. so that the pumps again come
into action as soon as the slide rod has again reached its middle position, and both
wheels on the driving shaft again share in the revolution. The movement of the
slide rod to right and left may, as in the arrangement first described, be again
performed by means of a bell crank lever, which is arranged at the outer end of tho
slide rod, and. is connected with the float of the air chest.. 1f. the pressure ..in
the air chest increases, the float rises and the slide rod is pushed so that the pumps
are placed out of action, whilst,. on the pressure decreasing, the slide rod is moved
in the opposite direction, and the pumps are set in operation.
The above described mechanism may also be employed for the turning off and
on, from time to time, of other machines or apparatus, such, for instance, as the
hatch of a waterwheel, the regulating device for a turbine, or a steam engine, if, in
such a case, it is not a question of a constant back. and forward motion, the
connecting rod may, for instance, .operate a suitable ratchet mechanism.
Dated this 10th day of Tule 1000
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and appertaining to Mechanism for Automatically
Starting and Stopping Pumps and other Machines
I, JOHANN GEORG WILHELM HARTMANN of 17, Bahnhofstrasse, Offenbach-on-
the-Main in the Empire of Germany, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This improved mechanism for starting and driving pumps and the like and
stopping the same automatically consists in arranging an intermediate gearing,
which, by rotating a shaft or shafts placed eccentrically in a main shaft, actuates a
driving crank pin or crank pins in such a manner that, when the said driving crank
pin is concentric with the main shaft, the motion of the pump is stopped, but, when
the crank pin is eccentric to the main shaft, the pump is started. The crank pin is
actuated during the revolution of the crank shaft, and, in the accompanying
drawings, two patterns of the intermediate gearing are shown, in each case they
are supported to be applicable to a double pump with cranks at 90 degrees.
Figure 1 shows a front view:
Figure 2, a side view partially in section, and
Figure. 3, a plan. view in section of one pattern.
Figures 4, 5 and 5* are details. of the same.
Figure 6 shows a front view of the other, modification of the apparatus :,
Figure 7 is a cross section of the same, and
Figure 8 is a sectional plan.view.
Figures 9 to 11 are details of same..
The main shaft. c, Figures 1 to 4, revolving in supports b, is provided, between
its two bearings, with a hollow cog wheel d, which is caused to rotate by means of
a spur wheel secured to the driving shaft e. The two shafts g, which actuate the
crank pins h¹, lie eccentrically in the main shaft c, and have each, at their
outer ends, a disc h, to which the crank pins are fixed, said pins being
connected, with the connecting rods h² of the pumps a arranged on the stand b.
g
In Figure 4, the centres of the main shaft c and shafts 9 actuating the crank pins
and the pins hi themselves,are shown by means of small circles and, as easily seen
from the working position shown in.the figure, the parts are at angles of 90 degrees
with each other.

page_text: Cog wheels i are placed on the ends of the shafts g actuating the crank pins ¹¹,
which face cach other, and a broad cog wheel k engages with both the cog wheels
aforesaid, this broad cog wheel & is mounted on a shaft which is adjustably
situated in the hollow cog wheel & aforesaid of the main shaft c. The shaft
carrying the broad cog wheel & projects through one of the side faces of the hollow
cog wheel d, and carries there a star-shaped wheel m, Figures 1, 3, 4 and 5, which
receives its motion from the main shaft c, and is retained in position by means of a
spring pawl, arranged jon the hollow wheel, which engages, owing to the
spring, with the teeth of a ratchet wheel m³ connected with the star-shaped
wheel m.
C
Parallel with the main shaft c and in close proximity to the star-shaped wheel m
is a slide n moving in supports. The said slide has two arms aal in close proximity
to the star-wheel m and the ratchet wheel m', which, in one position are inoperative,
that is, when in the position shown in Figure 3, both these wheels can pass by it.
If, however, the slide n is moved in the direction of the hollow wheel d, the end of
the arm comes close to the side of the star-wheel m, which faces the main shaft c,
and a projection a³ of the other arme comes close to the spring pawl c. 1f, then,
the star wheel m, through the revolution of the hollow wheel d, comes into a
certain position, the spring pawl will come in contact with the projection of the
arm of the slide, and will be released, whilst, at the same time, a tooth of the
star-wheel m engages the arm a, so that the star-wheel m is also detained, and
thereby moves forward one tooth in the hollow wheel d, whereupon the projection ³
releases the spring pawl z, and this latter, under the action of the spring, again
drops into one of the teeth of the ratchet wheel m'.
This is repeated at each revolution of the main shaft until the crank pin 4 of
the disc (which (pin) is connected by means of the connecting rod with the
pump lever a) comes concentric to the main shaft. If, then, the slide n again
returns to its middle position, Figure 3, it no longer influences the star-wheel m,
and the working of the pump continues uninterrupted even if the hollow wheel d
should continue to revolve. If, on the other hand, the slide » be moved away from
the hollow wheel d, the star-wheel m, on the revolution of the main shaft c, is
detained on the side which is turned away from the main shaft e by the projection æ³,
whilst a second projection of the arm a first releases the pawl.
The cog
wheels located in the hollow wheel d are thereby revolved in an opposite direction
until the crank pin reaches its extreme position, and the pumps a again come
into play, because the slide n has again reached its middle position, Figure 3, in
which it no longer influences the star and ratchet wheels mm.
22
The slide n may be operated in various ways. In case shown, it is worked auto-
matically by means of a float p, arranged in an air chest q, which is connected with
the slide by means of a bell crank lever o. The said float p, provided with a
series of weights r, is lifted when the pressure increases, whereby the slide n
approaches the hollow wheel d by means of the bell crank lever o working under
pressure, whilst, when the pressure falls, the slide n is moved in the opposite
direction. In the first case, as already mentioned, the driving crank pin ¹ is
concentric with the main shaft and the pump is stopped, in the second place, when
the driving crank pin is eccentric, the pump is started.
In the modified form shown in Figures 6 to 11, the adjustment of the crank pin h
is effected by means of friction clutches and brakes. The main shaft c is again
held in the same supports b as the pumps a, with which shaft the hollow cog
wheel is firmly connected and engages with cog wheel movably mounted on
the driving shalt e. In the chamber Z of the main shaft c, the hollow cog
wheel d², Figure 8, may freely revolve and is provided with teeth both on the
inside and outside, and which engages with a cog wheel, which also freely
revolves on the driving shaft e. The shafts g actuating the driving crank pins are
free to rotate in the main shaft c, and, on their outer ends, discs h are arranged, on
the crank pins of which the connecting rods of the pumps a are attached, whilst,
at the inner ends of the shafts, the cog wheels are arranged, which engage with

page_text: the inner teeth of the hollow cog wheel . The two cog wheels on the driving
shaft e are secured against shifting sideways and are connected with conical
flanges, which form part of a friction coupling. The friction discs 1 kª
belonging thereto are prevented from revolving on the driving shafte by means of
a groove and key, and may be moved to right or left by means of forked arms s¹ s²
arranged on the slide rod n adjustable within given limits.
For this purpose, a
regulating ring m², Figure 10, is arranged between the two forked arms afore-
said, and outside each forked arm sa regulating ring m³ m² is arranged on the
slide rod n. which, however, can only act on the respective arm of the fork by
means of a spring n' or n² respectively.
In the middle position of the slide rod n, both arms 31 3 of the fork are
pressed by the action of the springs n¹ n² against the cog wheels on the
driving shaft, so that both conical flanges t¹² rest against the friction discs k¹ k²,
and thus both these cog wheels are revolved by the driving shaft e;
thereby the two wheels d¹² are also revolved, and no rotation of the shafts
inserted in the main shaft e takes place. If, however, the slide rod n he moved
outwards in the direction of the arrow 1, Figure 10, the regulating ring m²,
Figure 10, acts on the fork arm in such a way that, first the friction disc ²,
carried by the arms, is released from the friction disc t2 of the cog wheel (2
on the shaft, and then a brake cheek 20² of the arm s² aforesaid binds the
second disc t2, and the cog wheel therefore remains stationary. A spring n',
however, is simultaneously more strongly compressed by one m³, of the regulating
rings, and thereby one of the discs at the other end of the shaft will be more
firmly coupled with the friction disc t¹ on the opposed cog wheel 1. The hollow
cog wheel will, therefore, not share in the rotary motion, but only the cog
wheel din one with the main shaft, and, with it, the driving shaft e. Consequently,
the wheels inside the hollow cog wheel travel round the inner cogs of the
stationary hollow wheel d², and the crank pins h', in consequence of the revolution
of the shafts g connected to the wheels i inside the hollow cog wheel, are gradually
adjusted to the centre of the main shaft, so that the pumps a are thrown out of
operation. If then the slide n returns to its middle position, one, 1, of the cog
wheels on the driving shaft is again returned, and both cog wheels on the
driving shaft revolve equally without, however, the pump again coming into
operation.
If, on the other hand, the slide rod n be moved further outward in the direction
of the arrow 2, the regulating ring m² acts on the fork arm s¹ in such a way that
one friction disc is released from the other t¹ of the cog wheel l', and the brake
cheek of the fork arm binds the disc of the other cog wheel . In
consequence of this adjustment, the other friction disc 2 is still firmer coupled with
the disc t' of the cog wheel 2 by means of the fork arm 2, and the main shaft c is,
therefore, brought to rest whilst the hollow cog wheel drevolves further on the
axis of the main shaft as its centre, in such a manner that a revolution of the
shafts g inserted in the main shaft then takes place by means of the cog wheels i in
the hollow cog wheel, by which movement the driving crank pins h¹ of the discs h
are placed eccentrically to the main shaft so that the pump again comes into action
as soon as the slide rod n has again reached its middle position, and both wheels / 12
on the driving shaft again share in the revolution. The movement of the slide
rod n to right and left may, as in the arrangement first described, be again
performed by means of a bell crank lever o, Figures 6 and 7, which is arranged at
the outer end of the slide rod n, and is connected with the float p of the air chest q.
If the pressure in the air chest increases, the float rises and the slide rod n is pushed
in the direction of the arrow 1 so that the pumps are placed out of action, whilst,
on the pressure decreasing, the slide rod is moved in the opposite direction, in the
direction of the arrow 2, and the pump is set in operation. In this case, a stop d³
on the wheel d², Figure 8, entering a circular slot in the flange of the main shaft c,
prevents the pin being turned on the other side of the centre, else the pump
would work again before the pressure falls.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The improvements in and appertaining to mechanism for automatically opening
and closing valves of pumps and other machines consisting in an intermediate
gear (dikor d¹²) in combination with eccentric shafts (0) operating crank
pins (4), or their equivalent, so that, when the pins are placed concentric to the
main shaft (c), they effect the stoppage of the pump or other machine, whilst, by
being placed eccentrically, it again becomes effective, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. In a mechanism of the kind described in Claim 1,
(a) a cog wheel (4) in gear with the intermediate gear and the axle 1 of which,
seated as described, carries a star wheel (m), which can be held fast
alternately by the arms (x a¹) of a sliden on each side, when the crank
pins () of the mechanism are to be moved:
(b) cog wheels (12) in combination with friction discs (12) on the driving
shaft, so arranged that, on the cog 12 being uncoupled, as described, the gear
wheel is held fast by means of a brake cheek w², thereby placing the crank
pins (1) concentric, on the movement of the shafts g, whilst, on uncoupling
and braking the cog wheel (1), the main shaft (e) does not take part in the
movement, and, by means of the movement of the gear wheel a², the pins (¹)
are placed eccentric.
3. In a mechanism of the kind described in Claims 1 and 2, a float (p) arranged in
an air chest; which float-
(a) by means of a slide (n) acts on a star-wheel on the shaft 1, seated as
described, in such manuer that, on the raising of the float, the crank pins, or
their equivalent, are placed concentric, and the pump is made to stand still,
whilst, on the falling of the float, by the crank pins or their equivalent being
placed eccentric, the pump is again set at work; or
(b) operates in such a way on the arrangement specified in Claim 2 b, that the
crank pins or their equivalent, are placed concentric on the float rising, and
eccentric on the float falling, and so the pump is made to stand still or is
started at work.
Dated this 30th day of March 1893..
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.