Improvements in Ships and other Plated Structures Constructed of Flanged Plates.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Dec., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 2nd June, 1892-Accepted, 2nd July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ships and other Plated Structures Constructed
of Flanged Plates.
I, ALBERT CHARLES AUGUSTUS HOLZAPFEL of 116 Fenchurch Street,
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:-
When building ships or other structures of plates flanged on all four sides, it
is necessary, in order to derive the greatest possible longitudinal strength, not to
place the transverse butt joints in a line, as by so doing no continuity of strength
would be obtained. I therefore according to my present invention place the trans-
verse butts of the second line of plating against the middle of each plate of the
first line of plating, or at such other distances as may be deemed practicable;
whereby the flanges of the first line of plating give a continuity of strength to the
butts in the second line of plating.
The third line of plating I then place in the same relation to the second line which
the second line has to the first line and so on.
By this arrangement the butts of the first, third, fifth and seventh lines of plating
are transversely in line, and so on, and the second, fourth, sixth and eighth line
of plates also have their butts in a transverse line. By this arrangement how-
ever the transverse strength of the structure is insufficient and in order to
compensate for the want of transverse strength I use angle irons, T bars or other
suitable ties to give the structure transverse strength. To fasten these transverse
bars or ties I require some of the transverse flanges to project beyond the others,
such for instance as by making one flange of each plate deeper by 2, 3 or 4 inches
than the others. This deeper flange forms a projection, being at same time an
integral part of the structure itself, to which I can rivet or fasten the transverse
bars or angle irons, and it gives exactly the same amount of strength combined with
the flanges, which is now given by continued frames and reverse bars or Z bars.
This arrangement can also be so altered as to have the first, fourth, and seventh
butts in a line and so on, and the second fifth and eighth, the third, sixth and ninth,
whereby three transverse angle bars or ties would be used to each length of
plating instead of two as described above. The vessel or structure so built would
consequently have an equivalent to the internal frame-work which is now used in
vessels classed at Lloyds, while the whole of the rivetting could be done by
hydraulic machinery.
In the above arrangement there is a direct tie only between the transverse bar
and such flanges as come into the line of that bar. In order to fasten the other
plates to that bar I use a plate two, three or four inches deeper than the lower
flanges of the plates and four to six inches on each side wider than the plates
themselves. These side projections I flange to a right angle and place this plate
in a line with the transverse angle bars or ties inside of those flanged plates which
offer no direct tie to that angle bar. I then rivet the flanged side projections to
the flanges of those plates and rivet the upper projection to the angle bar, thus
getting a continuous transverse tie between the angle bar and each strake of
plating.
The said transverse angle bars or ties may be constructed of a trough shape, so
as to form closed cells on the inner faces of the plates.
Dated this 9th day of December 1891.
ABEL & IMKAI,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ships and other Plated Structures Constructed
of Flanged Plates.
I, ALBERT CHARLES AUGUSTUS HOLZAPFEL, of 116 Fenchurch Street,
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
When building ships or other structures of plates flanged on all four sides, it is
necessary, in order to derive the greatest possible longitudinal strength, not to
place all the transverse butt-joints in a line, as by so doing no continuity of strength
would be obtained. I therefore according to my present invention place the
transverse butts of the second line of plating against the middle of each plate of
the first line of plating, or at such other distances as may be deemed practicable,
whereby the flanges of the first line of plating give continuity of strength to the
butts in the second line of plating.
The third line of plating I then place in the same relation to the second line
which the second line has to the first line, and so on.
By this arrangement the butts of the first, third, fifth and seventh lines of
plating are tranversely in line, and so on, and the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth
lines of plates also have their butts in a transverse line. By this arrangement
however the transverse strength of the structure is insufficient and in order to com-
pensate for the want of transverse strength I use angle irons, T-bars or other
suitable ties to give the structure transverse strength. To fasten these transverse
bars or ties I require some of the transverse flanges to project beyond the others,
such for instance as by making one flange of each plate deeper by 2, 3 or 4 inches
than the others. This deeper flange forms a projection, being at the same time an
integral part of the structure itself, to which I can rivet or fasten the transverse
bars or angle irons, and it gives exactly the same amount of strength combined
with the flanges, which is now given by continued frames and reverse bars or
Z bars.
This arrangement can also be so altered as to have the first, fourth and seventh
butts in a line and so on, and the second, fifth and eighth, the third, sixth and ninth,
whereby three transverse angle bars or ties would be used to each length of plating
instead of two as described above. The vessel or structure so built would
consequently have an equivalent to the internal framework which is now used in
vessels classed at Lloyds, while the whole of the rivetting could be done by hydraulic
machinery.
In the above arrangements there is a direct tie only between the transverse bar
and such flanges as come into the line of that bar. In order to fasten the other
plates to that bar I use a plate two, three or four inches deeper than the longitudinal
flanges of the plates and four to six inches on each side wider than the plates them-
selves. These side projections I flange to a right angle and place this plate in a
line with the transverse angle bars or ties inside of those flanged plates which offer
no direct tie to that angle bar. I then rivet the flanged side projections to the
flanges of those plates and rivet the upper projection to the angle bar, thus
getting a continuous transverse tie between the angle bar and each strake of
plating.
The said transverse bars or ties may be constructed so as to form closed cells on
the inner faces of the plates for ballast.
The accompanying drawings serve to illustrate the mode of carrying my inven-
tion into practice.
Figure 1 shews a part outside elevation of a ship constructed of flanged plates
according to my invention.
Figure 2 shews a part inside view ;

page_text: Figure 4 shews a perspective view of one of the plates detached, to a larger
scale;
Figure 5 shews the blank for the connecting plates;
Figure 6 shews a perspective view of the finished connecting plate
Figure 7 shews a vertical section on line XX Figure 2;
Figure 8 shews a horizontal section on line Y Y Figure 2, and
Figure 9 shews a bottom section with the transverse ties constructed so as to
form closed cells for ballast.
17
In Figure it will be seen that the first and third lines. or strakes of plates A,
which are flanged internally on all four sides as shewn at Figure 3, have their.
vertical butt-joints in line, and that the second and fourth strakes have their butt.
joints also in line, the flanges of the abutting plates being rivetted together in the
manner indicated.
The one end flange a of each plate is made sufficiently deeper than the others
for receiving a line of rivets as shewn at Figures 3, 4 and 7 for fixing a tie B
thereto, and the plates of the several strakes have their projecting transverse
flanges a so arranged, that those of the first, third, fifth &c. strakes are in line and
also that those of the second, fourth, sixth &c. are in line. At the middle of each
plate is fixed a transverse connecting plate C. This plate is formed of a blank
having the configuration shewn at Figure 5, the middle portion b being of the
same depth as the flanges a of the plates A while the two side wings b' are of the
same depth as the other flanges of the plates.
These wings are then bent to a right angle, as shewn at Figure 6, the length of
the plate to the outside of such bent wings or flanges being such as to fit between
the longitudinal flanges of the plate, to which the flanges are then rivetted, as shewn
more particularly in Figures 3 and 8.
These plates C are fixed in such positions within the plates A that those fixed in
the plates of the second, fourth &c. strakes have their projecting part b in line with
the deep flanges a a of the plates of the first, third &c. strakes, while those fixed
in the last named plates are in line with the flanges a a of the second, fourth &c.
strakes of plates, so that the transverse angle iron or other ties B can be fixed not
only to the flanges a a of the plates that have their butt joints in line but also to
the plates of the intermediate strakes by means of the connecting plates C.
As before stated, the transverse ties B can either be of angle, T, or other
desired section, and constitute an equivalent to the ribs of ships built in the ordinary
manner.
They may also be made of simple plates as at Figure 9, and may in that case
serve to form closed ballast cells by having shallow flanged plates D rivetted to their
upper ends as shewn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same. is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Constructing ships and other plated structures of flanged plates having one
transverse flange deeper than the other flanges in order to form means for attach-
ment of transverse ribs thereto substantially as and for the purposes described.
2. Constructing ships and other plated structures of flanged plates having one
transverse flange deeper than the other flanges, such plates being arranged in
longitudinal strakes in such manner that the transverse joints of the plates in the
one strake are out of line with the transverse joints in the contiguous strakes but
are in line with the transverse joints of other strakes so that while increased
longitudinal strength is thus obtained, the deep transverse flanges of the plates
serve for the attachment of transverse ties or ribs for increasing the transverse
strength substantially as and for the purposes described.
3. In a ship or other plated structure constructed of flanged plates as set forth
in the preceding claim, providing the plates with intermediate transverse connecting

page_text: plates arranged in such positions as to be in line with the deep transverse flanges
of the plates in the contiguous strakes so as to form with them a practically con-
tinuous flange for the attachment of transverse ribs, substantially as described.
4. In a ship or other plated structure constructed of flanged plates, the combina-
tion of flanged plates A having one transverse flange a deeper than the other
flanges, one or more transverse connecting plates C fixed to the plates A by
flanges b¹, and transverse ribs or ties B fixed to the deep flanges of one set of
plates A and to the transverse connecting plates C of another set of plates A,
substantially as described with reference to Figures 1 to 8 of the drawings.
5. In ships or other plated structures constructed of flanged plates as set forth in
the preceding claim, the combination with the ribs or ties B of flanged plates D so
as to form closed ballast cells in the bottom of the ship, substantially as described.
with reference to Figure 9 of the drawings.
Dated this 2nd day of June 1899
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant..