Improvements in the Manufacture of Union Yarn and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 4th July, 1889-Accepted, 10th Aug., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Union Yarn and in
Apparatus therefor.
We, WALTER CHARLES WHITEHEAD, of Frizinghall, Spinner, and JOHN'
MADDOCKS, of 26, Booth Street, Manufacturer, both in Bradford, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to the manufacture of union yarn and to apparatus therefor,
and has for its chief object to provide an improved covered yarn, that is to say, a
yarn the interior or core of which is of lower quality than the exterior.
In yarns of this character as heretofore manufactured the outer or covering yarn
is twisted in the same direction as the core, the result of which is that the finished
yarn is tight and hard..
According to our present invention we twist the covering yarn in the opposite
direction to the inner yarn and prior to the application of the covering yarn the
inner yarn is more or less untwisted so that its natural tendency to re-twist itself
tends to slightly untwist the covering yarn which thus lies lightly yet tenaciously
upon the core.
In carrying out our invention we advantageously employ an ordinary fly-spinning
machine. In front of the front roller of the machine we place a grooved roller, the
bottom of the groove of which is immediately over the centre of the spindle, over
which grooved roller the covering yarn passes..
Above the grooved roller we place an auxiliary roller over which the inner yarn
or core passes perpendicularly to the grooved roller and thence to the spindle. The
speed of rotation of the said auxiliary roller is so regulated that as the yarn passes
over the same it is more or less untwisted. While in this untwisted condition it joins
the covering yarn passing over the grooved roller, which covering yarn owing to the
rotation of the spindle is wound upon the inner yarn so that the latter is prevented
from assuming its normal twist.
We prefer to use the covering yarn in the condition known as “rovings.”
Dated the 12th day of October 1888.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Union-yarn and in
Apparatus therefor.
We, WALTER CHARLES WHITEHEAD, of Frizinghall, Spinner, and JOHN
MADDOCKS, of 26, Booth Street, Manufacturer, both in Bradford, in the county of
York, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
Our invention relates to the manufacture of union-yarn, that is to say, a yarn the
interior or core of which is of lower quality than the exterior or covering; and to
apparatus therefor.
Hitherto in manufacturing union-yarn the silk or other covering has been applied
during the twisting or rotation of a yarn or core to be covered, the rotation of the
said core being depended upon for unwinding the covering material or yarn from the
reel or bobbin upon which it was wound.
Union-yarn manufactured according to this method is tight and hard, and the core
is often imperfectly covered, owing to the tension of the covering yarn.at-the-time.of

page_text: its application to the core, and to the degree of tightness to which the core must be
twisted before it can draw the covering yarn.
The object of our invention is to produce union-yarn which is soft and yielding
and the covering of which is well and evenly laid, and to this end we provide for
positively feeding the covering yarn at any desirable speed as hereinafter described.
The accompanying drawing shows in end elevation part of a throstle-spinning
machine, having applied thereto mechanism suitable for carrying out our invention.
a is the frame of the machine, b, are the front rollers, c, c are drawing rollers,
and e is a spindle, all the said parts being arranged in a well known manner.
ffare reels or bobbins, upon which the silk or other covering yarn (preferably
in the form of rovings) is wound, the threads passing between the drawing rollers to
the front rollers which feed it forward to the spindle; g is a reel or bobbin upon
which the core or yarn to be covered is wound, and is an auxiliary roller for feeding
the core forward to the spindle where it unites with the covering yarn, the latter
being twisted around the core in a well known manner during the rotation of the
spindle. The auxiliary roller is driven at any required speed according to the speed
at which the core is to be fed forward.
i is a small grooved roller which is placed adjacent to the front rollers, the bottom
of the groove being over the centre of the spindle e. This roller serves for causing
the covering yarn to pass to the spindle in a vertical direction.
As the speed at which the core passes can be regulated by altering the speed of the
auxiliary roller, and as the speed at which the covering yarn is delivered from the
drawing rollers can be varied, it is obvious that any desired quantity of silk or other
covering material can be laid upon a given length of core, to produce a union yarn of
any required quality.
In practice we prefer to employ a twisted yarn for the core, and, in applying the
covering, to slightly untwist the said core (by winding on the said covering in the
opposite direction to that in which the core is twisted), so that the natural tendency
of the core to retwist itself slightly untwists the covering yarn which thus lies lightly,
yet tenaciously upon the core.
Although we have described our improvements as applied to a throstle-spinning
machine it is to be understood that they are equally applicable to roving, doubling and
twisting machines, and to mule spinning machines working on what is known as the
French system.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said.
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is―
1st. In the manufacture of union-yarn, positively feeding the covering yarn
towards the yarn or core to be covered, substantially in the manner, and for the
purposes, set forth.
2nd. In a spinning machine, the combination with the front rollers, of an auxiliary
roller arranged substantially in the manner, and for the purpose, set forth.
Dated the 4th day of July 1800.
LUUA
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.