matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SPINNING YARN
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
January 1866. A communication from abroad by Carl Schneichel, of
Burtscheid, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SPINNING YARN,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct a machine combining within
itself the well-known elements of drawing and spinning machinery into one
machine, with the view to its receiving the prepared fibre direct from the
preparing machine, and delivering it in the form of spun yarn at one operation,
thereby saving considerable expense in labour, power, and machinery space.
The prepared wool or other fibre is received into the machine by an endless
travelling belt of wire card cloth, the card surface being divided into thin and
narrow bands for the purpose of delivering the fibre in the form of slivers..
This belt is made of the width of the machine, and is mounted on adjustable
tension rollers, through one of which it receives its travelling motion. The
slivers are severally delivered from the endless band by a stripping roller to. a
pair of nipping rollers, from which they pass under a small tension or depressing
roller to a pair of drawing rollers, which draw out the slivers, and fit them for
spinning. The drawn slivers next pass through the hollow head of a
"stationary" flyer, and thence along one arm of the flyer to the bobbin in the

page_text: usual way. Rotary motion is given to the flyers by means of a band or cord
passing from a driving drum to a pulley on the hollow head of the flyer. The
wool or other fibre thus receives the necessary twist, and is at the same time
wound round the bobbin which receives the ordinary copping motion for
spreading the yarn over the surface of the bobbin.
A NEW MOTIVE-POWER ENGINE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Adams at the Office of
the Commissiouers of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th July
1866.
I, THOMAS ADAMS, of Carbilly Cottage, West Kent Park, Forest Hill, in
the County of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW MOTIVE-POWER ENGINE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an arrangement of apparatus or mechanism *in
which the force applied is such that the resistance to that force is neutral with
respect to the axis of motion of the engine, thus leaving the force available to
produce motion. For this purpose I construct a cylinder or a sphere which I
make a stationary body, and within such cylinder or sphere I arrange a crank
piston and connecting rod in such a manner that the force constituting the
motive power is admitted through the centre of motion and conveyed into
the space enclosed between the piston and crank on one or more sides of the
centre of motion, and is made to act on the crank, and piston through the
particular angle of the connecting rod on any desired point of application.
relative to the centre of motion, while the resistance to such force is taken
upon the cylinder or sphere which is the stationary body.
on the piston through the intervention of the connecting rod may be made
to act on the crank either in, through, or about the centre of motion.
The force pressing
IMPROVE. MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Toussaint François Gillot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
June 1866.
I, TOUSSAINT FRANÇOIS GILLOT, of Stoke Newington, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of
leather, the object being to utilize the refuse inner skin or parings of hides,
which have hitherto been used for other purposes, and to manufacture them
into any desired thickness of leather applicable to all purposes in which the
ordinary solid leather is used. I propose to subject these thin parings or slivers
of the hide to the operation of tanning,aftor which they are to be stretched and
dried and placed together in layers and cemented together with a cement
or glue composed as hereafter described; they are then to be subjected to
pressure by a hydraulic press or other power, whereby a perfect adhesion will
be effected between the layers, and a solid sheet of leather will be obtained
capable of being manufactured into boots and shoes and any other articles
which are composed of leather. The cement is made of linseed oil, litharge,
rosin, balm, wax, flour of sulphur or solid sulphur gum, and especially gum
Price 1

page_text: lac. The linseed oil is heated to the boiling point, and these substances are
added. The proportions of the ingredients may vary according to the con-
sistency of firmness desired for the cement, aud india-rubber or gutta percha
may be added in the form of a solvent to give elasticity to the mass. Ordinary
collodion mixed with india-rubber or gutta may also be used to form
a cement for uniting the layers of leather, and varnishes may be applied for
the composition of oilcloth.
Leathermanufacturedaccordingtothis Invention willbeperfectly impervious
to water; its surface may be improved and rendered even, and its thickness
equal, by rolling it between metal rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN ILLUSORY EXHIBITIONS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Stoddart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th February
1866.
I, ALFRED STODDART, of Brook Street, Kennington Road, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN ILLUSORY EXHIBITIONS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of apparatus whereby the
performance of certain illusory or conjuring tricks is greatly facilitated..
In such tricks or illusions it is usual to employ a table, the top of which is
used to support the articles with which the same are performed, the lower
portion of the table being concealed or partially concealed by means of
drapery. The apparatus which constitutes the subject of the present
Invention is a table furnished in the front thereof with legs or supports of
the ordinary kind, behind which is placed a mirror in a vertical position,
and in which mirror the drapery, scenery, or other objects with which the
apartment or stage is furnished are reflected in such manner as to produce
the effect to the spectators of such drapery, scenery, or other objects being
actually seen between the legs of the table, and as if there were nothing to
obstruct the view. The back portion of the table is so constructed as to
form a hollow case or pedestal, the same being open at the bottom or next
the floor and surmounted in the usual manner by a slab which forms the

page_text: top. The said slab or top is constructed with one or more moveable pieces
or traps therein, such moveable pieces or traps being hinged or jointed to
the adjacent parts, so that they can be pressed downwards at the pleasure
of the performer, the return thereof to the original horizontal position
being effected by means of springs or other analogous contrivances. By
the use of this apparatus articles can be caused to disappear without the
mechanism by which such disappearance is effected being discoverable by
the spectators, and, if desired, an assistant can be concealed within the
table, or it can be placed over a moveable trap in the floor, for the purpose
of facilitating the disappearance or production of articles at the will of the
performer.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MODE OF PRODUCING OPTICAL ILLUSIONS FOR DRAMATIC AND OTHER LIKE EXHIBITIONS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Harrison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1866.
I, WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, of 98, Park Street, Regent's Park, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OR MODE OF PRODUCING OPTICAL ILLUSIONS FOR DRAMATIC AND OTHER LIKE
EXHIBITIONS," to be as follows:-
It consists in wholly or partially clothing the living actor, actors, animal,
animals, living things, or inanimate representations of any real or imaginary
living thing, in dresses wholly or partially made of or covered with sulphate
of quinine, uranium glass, esculine, or any similar chemical substances
which are known to appear self-luminous when exposed to the chemical,
violet, or extra violet rays of the spectrum. It also consists of covering with
the said substances the whole or any part of the bodies of living things, or
inanimate representations of living things. The bodies may thus be made to
appear wholly or partially luminous, or the dresses wholly or partially
luminous, but I prefer that both faces and dresses shall thus be made to
appear fluorescent. It likewise consists of illuminating the whole or a part
of the afore-mentioned object or objects with their bodies or coverings, or
both, prepared as above, with the afore-mentioned rays of light in a state of

page_text: tolerable purity, so that the object shall appear fluorescent. For example,
buttons, spangles, or spun silk, made of uranium glass, or woven fabrics washed
in sulphate of quinine, may be used for the dresses of actors; & to produce
the lavender rays for illumination I prefer the employment of the electric
or oxyhydrogen lime lights, cutting off at the lantern most of the yellow and.
more luminous rays from the lavender by the interposition of any of the
glasses or liquids commonly used for the purpose by physicists.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF CLEANING BOILER TUBES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by The Right Honorable James Earl
of Caithness, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 30th May 1866.
I, The Right Honorable JAMES EARL OF CAITHNESS, of Hill Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF CLEANING BOILER TUBES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the adaptation of a mechanical means for cleaning
or scraping the external surfaces of the tubes in tubular boilers. In con-
structing tubular boilers the tubes are fastened or held between plates at
each end, and great difficulty is experienced in cleaning the tubes, which aro
subject to deposits and incrustations varying with the description of water
employed.
Now my Invention consists in arranging a moveable perforated plate or
plates, through the perforations in which the tubes are passed, and which
moveable plate is so constructed that when not in use it will remain in its
position at one end of the tubes and laying against one of the fixed tube
plates. When it is desired to clean the tubes this moveable plate is drawn
from its position along the length of the tubes, and in its progress it scrapes
or cleans such of the tubes as are in a foul state. In the case of boilers

page_text: containing a greater number of tubes than can be conveniently cleaned by
one plate or scraper it is proposed to employ two or more such plates
according to the number of tubes in the boiler, each plate cleaning or scraping
its own group or set of tubes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th October
1866.
I, FREDERICK BROWN, of 2, Shepperton Street, New North Road, Islington,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
brushes: For these purposes in place of forming the backs and blocks of
brushes of the materials heretofore employed, paper or paper stuff, papier mâché
or fibrous compound is employed; it is formed into the proper shape either
for a tooth, nail, hair, clothes, crumb, shaving, or other brush and is japanned
in like manner to that in which japanned goods made of paper, paper stuff,
papier mâché, or fibrous compound are usually japanned, and the tufts of
bristles or other suitable materials are fixed therein in the ordinary manner
of brush making.
The mode of making the backs and blocks of brushes in carrying out my
Invention when using paper or paper stuff, paper mâché, or fibrous compositions
may be varied, but it is preferred to employ sheets of paper cemented
together. From the paper boards thus produced the backs or blocks for
brushes are cut, and such boards or the forms for the backs or blocks are
prepared with oil and treated in the ordinary manner for japanning, and
japanned in the usual way. When so japanning the backs or blocks they
may be ornamented with pearl and other matters and devices, as japanned

page_text: goods have heretofore been ornamented. In forming the holes to receive
the tufts of bristles or other materials and the passages for receiving the wire
or other materials for fixing or retaining the tufts in position, they may be
drilled or provision for receiving and fixing the tufts may in some cases be
made or partially made when forming the paper, paper stuff, papier mâché, or
fibrous materials into the boards or masses for the backs or blocks before
the process of japanning the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th August
1866.
I, JAMES CLARK, of Newton Heath, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS FOR RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making rails for railways of two metals or qualities
of metals, the surfaces of the said rails, which are submitted to wear, being
composed of the more durable, by which means I practically obtain a rail of
superior quality, but at a comparatively low cost.
In order to illustrate my Invention I will describe a method of manufacture
I propose. In the first place I roll the rails in ordinary iron, and upon the
surface or surfaces thereof I place a thickness of the material known as
Bessemer steel or metal, which is then rolled around the said surfaces, and
thus affords the finished shape of rail, or the two rollings may be combined.
Instead of "Bessemer metal" other materials may be employed, which would
be expensive if used for the whole of the rail, but which are superior to
ordinary iron, and the coverings or platings described may be adapted by any
suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Thompson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1866.
I, NATHAN THOMPSON, of No. 15. Abbey Gardens, St. John's Wood, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of boxes.
For these purposes cylinders of wood are used which are produced in the
manner described in the Provisional Specification filed by me on the 3rd day
of March last (No. 654), and the present Invention consists in applying metal
bottoms thereto, and metal tops to the covers or lids, which are made of
cylinders of wood in a like manner to the bottom portion of the boxes. This
mode of applying metal tops and bottoms to boxes may be also applied when
the boxes are made of paper or pasteboard.
The tops and bottoms of wood boxes and of paper or pasteboard boxes
are made in the following manner :-Thin sheet metal discs are used, usually
tin plate, though other sheet metal may be employed. These discs are raised
at the edges, and they are placed on the end of a cylinder of wood or of
paper or pasteboard so as fit somewhat easily, and then in order to fix the
metal securely the box or lid of wood, or of paper, or pasteboard is then drawn
through a die of a diameter less than the raised disc of metal, and of such
diameter that the box or lid fits tightly within it. The interior die or mandril

page_text: fits the interior of the box or lid. By this means when the raised metal is
drawn through the die the metal will be reduced in diameter and become
embedded in the box or lid and will be fixed thereon, the wood or paper
where the raised metal embraces it being at the same time compressed.
When making oval or oblong boxes and covers the discs of raised metal are
oval or oblong, and the wood or paper cylinder is caused to take the desired
form by the dies or tools used to fix the metal bottoms and tops, so that when
the metal bottoms and tops have been drawn through the tools or dies they
will retain the boxes and the lids in the desired oval or oblong forms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS OR VESSELS OF WAR, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Fitzmaurice Palmer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th July 1866.
I, FITZMAURICE PALMER, of Old Derrig, Queen's County, Ireland, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SHIPS OR VESSELS OF WAR, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO
OTHER SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the mode of constructing ships and vessels of war
with sides of such angles that when hit above water-line by shot or shell or
other hard projectile its course will be diverted. This is attained by con-
structing the sides of the vessel with such angles that with moderate strength
she will resist or throw off any hard projectile which may hit her.
Another part of my Invention consists in constructing a keel, as shewn in
the Drawing, and marked D, to enable the vessel to carry a heavy pressure of
sail or canvass for steadying the ship in a heavy sea, and to prevent her from
reeling to and fro when a broadside has been fired from her batteries. This
keel from its peculiar construction has the properties of a vessel drawing
great depth of water, or provided with great depth of keel, and yet will ride
or sail in moderately shallow water. This keel is also adapted to vessels in
the merchant service or yachts where a heavy pressure of sail or canvass is
required.
Vessels according to my Invention may be provided with powerful ploughs
or rams of steel, iron, or other suitable material upon either or both ends of

page_text: the ship, under which is placed the rudder marked H thoroughly submerged
and protected from damage.
Another part of my Invention consists in the arrangements for working the
guns or battery marked I. The broadside guns are worked upon a turntable,
by which they can be used for firing through the side of the ship, or turned
upon the turntable and run through an uncovered tunnel to the bow or fore
end of the ship, or to the stern or aft end of the ship to the port holes.
Steam ships built according to my Invention can be propelled by either the
single or double screw propeller, or by side or paddle wheels.
My improvements are further shewn in the Drawings filed with this my
Provisional Specification.
Figure 1, broadside elevation of a ship of war; Figure 2, plan of deck.
A, A, represent the sides of ship above water line upon the angle principle;
B, B, hull of ship; C, C, C, C, plough or ram, being an extension of hull and
keel; D, keel flange; E, E, a sectional view of ship, at midship; I, I, I, I,
turntables with moveable guns; K, K, K, stationary guns; H, rudder sunk
in web of plough; P, P, P; P, uncovered tunnel or groove through which the
moveable guns can be shifted from side of ship to bow or stern; ( G is another
illustration of the keel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Holden Lucas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
July 1866.
I, THOMAS HOLDEN LUCAS, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture by machinery nails which for
all practical purposes shall be as good as hand made nails, and which can be
produced at a very much lower cost.
My Invention is adapted for the manufacture of all kinds of square-sided.
nails, whether having flat, round, countersunk, or other kind of heads.
The machinery for which I seek protection consists of two side slides,
which are actuated by cams, one front slide actuated in a similar manner,
and a header, actuated also by a cam or other mechanical equivalent. The
necessary motion is given to these by means of spur and bevel wheels suitably
placed.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-A strip of iron is fed from the
back of the machine in the usual manner, and as is well understood, between
the two side slides. The right-hand slide is caused to go forward and cut off
the iron to the required length. The piece of iron so cut off is now carried
between the two side slides towards the left hand, and when arrived in the
proper position the front slide is caused to advance upon it, and in this manner

page_text: the sides of the nail are formed; the header then comes down upon the
top of the nail, and the head is thereby formed. The right-hand slide now
reverts to its normal position, and a spring being now free to act causes the
header to recede. At the same time the front slide is also caused to revert
to its normal position. The nail being now completed is thus released and
falls through into a receptacle provided; a spring forces the left-hand slide
into its proper position for receiving the next strip of iron, and the operation
herein-before described is repeated continuously.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTS, WAGONS, LORRIES, OR ANY SUCH LIKE VEHICLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Brierley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May 1866.
I, RICHARD BRIERLEY, of Walton-le-Dale, near Preston, in the County of
Lancaster, Joiner and Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTS, WAGONS, LORRIES, OR ANY SUCH LIKE VEHICLES,
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the so arranging the frame and body of a cart,
wagon, or lorry, that loads of any weight or bulk up to three tons may be
easily drawn with one horse and unloaded with, considerable less power and
inconvenience than is usually required. To effect this purpose I use three or
four wheels as convenience may dictate, the fore wheel or wheels will be
made to work under the frame and swivel on a plate or otherwise, in the
ordinary Dobin wheel manner; these are placed under the frame connected to
the shafts and the axle of the hind wheels; these hind wheels I make large
in diameter, say seven feet, and equivalently broad to support the load without
injuring the roads. I do not confine myself to any particular size of wheels
as I may and shall vary such wheels according to the size and use of the
vehicle. To the axle of the hind wheels I hinge the body in the ordinary way
for tilting to unload, the tilting apparatus will consist of one or two quadrants,
with slide brackets on the side of the body for quadrants to work in, in the

page_text: inside or on the outside of such quadrants teeth are made to form a rack, into
which I work & pinion for tilting. Thus it will be seen that I get the
capacity of a wagon body with all the conveniences of unloading of a cart,
and by my bigh wheels three tons will be drawn with the same facility as
half the weight with the ordinary vehicle; suitable breaks will be applied to
the wheels when going down hills for regulating the speed with greater
facility than can be done with ordinary carts.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Fyers at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May 1866.
I, ROBERT FYERS, of the Royal Engineer Office, Colchester, in the County
of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for the purpose of strengthening the frames of
umbrellas and parasols, and preventing their being turned inside out by a
sudden gust of wind or otherwise.
The Invention consists principally in the use or employment of an
additional runner and an additional set of stretchers. The additional runner
is placed on the stick between the ordinary runner and the crown to which
the inner ends of the ribs are jointed. The inner ends of the additional
stretchers are jointed to the first-named runner by means of a wire in the
ordinary way, and these stretchers are of such a length that their outer ends
may be jointed to the ribs about midway between the tips of the same and
the point where the ordinary stretchers are jointed thereto. By these means
the frame of the umbrella or parasol is greatly strengthened, each rib being
doubly supported, firstly, by the ordinary stretcher, and, secondly, by an
additional stretcher placed nearer to the tip than the ordinary one, and the
turning of the umbrella or parasol inside out by the wind or otherwise is
thereby entirely obviated.
A NEW MAGIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilhelm Grüne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1866.
I, WILHELM GRUNE, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Chymist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MAGIC
PHOTOGRAPHY," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to prepare photographs in such a way that
if desired they may be made invisible upon the paper, and afterwards be
permanently reproduced in their original condition and with the greatest
facility.
The photographs from which it is desired to obtain copies are taken upon
albumenised paper which has been previously washed with a solution of silver
and dried. The photographs are then fixed with subsulphite of soda, and
afterwards washed and dried; they are then put into a solution of chloride
of mercury, and there left until the picture has become totally invisible;
they are then soaked for about six hours in cold water, and afterwards dried.
To cause the reproduction of the photograph upon the paper I prepare a
filtering paper, which is made by soaking in a solution of subsulphite of soda,
and when the same is dry, and it is desired to reproduce the photograph upon
the first-mentioned paper, I lay the sheet of paper upon which the invisible
photograph is with the glazed side uppermost, and take a sheet of the filtering
paper and place it on the top of the aforesaid invisible photograph; I then
moisten them with water until both are completely saturated, when it will be

page_text: perceived that the photograph which was before invisible will rapidly make
its appearance, which effect is caused by the action of the subsulphite of soda
in the filtering paper, which dissolves and "brings out" the photograph. The
picture is then to be washed several times in clean water, and when dry may
be mounted in any desired manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING IRON SHIPS FROM FOULING AND CORROSION
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Baynes Thompson at the Office'
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Pétition, on the 27th April
1866.
I, JACOB BAYNES THOMPSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROTECTING IRON SHIPS FROM FOULING AND CORROSION," to be as follows:-
Copper is the only substance that has been found in practice to protect
wooden ships from fouling, either as a pure metal or in an alloy; this also
it will do for iron ships, and at the same time protect them from corrosion,
if it be put on water-tight, so that no part of the iron hull which is submerged
shall come in contact with the water. To attain this end I cover the hull of
an iron ship with a scaled sheathing of copper-coated iron plates embedded
on elastic felt, which is thoroughly permeated by a mixture of pitch and tar
and firmly riveted to the skin of the ship to a little above the load line. The
skin to be drilled partially through and tapped. The rivets to be made of pieces
of drawn copper rod screwed at one end to fit the tapped holes; then the felt,
after being properly punched, is slipped over the rivets and bedded down, and
then the plates over that and firmly riveted. The plates must be of sufficient
strength to bed close to the ship on the felt without springing or buckling.
These plates I cover first with lead by heat on both sides, and then with copper by

page_text: electrolysis, but only on one side and over the edges as far as they will overlap
when in position. The coating of lead is to protect the plates in case the copper
should be accidentally scrubbed off, lead being negative to copper in sea water.
The sheets are coated with the lead in the ordinary way, taking care that
there be no more tin mixed with the lead than is just sufficient to cause it to
adhere to the iron.
It has been proposed to coat leaded iron plates by simply cleaning
and immersing them in a sulphate of copper bath for the copper deposit,
but by experience I have found such a deposit not to adhere firmly, therefore
to obtain a firmly adhering coating after cleaning I dip the plates into a weak
'solation of cyanide of mercury to slightly amalgamate the surface; then give
a thin deposit from a solution of cyanide of copper; then thoroughly wash
and deposit to the thickness required from a sulphate of copper solution.
Between these plates and the iron skin of the vessel felted wool or other
animal fibre saturated with pitch and tar is introduced for bedding the plates
upon, making a thoroughly water-tight connection of the two surfaces,
preventing the iron skin of the ship from coming in contact with the water.
Plates of copper or of a suitable alloy of copper may be put on in this simple
manner, but of greater thickness than ordinary sheathing in order that they
may not spring or buckle; it is however preferred to use sheet iron coated as
above explained by reason of the same being less in cost.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING FUB, WOOL, AND HAIR
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left. by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th January 1866.-A communication from abroad by Alfred Clark
Brush, of Darien, in the State of Connecticut, the United States of
America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING FUB,
WOOL, AND HAIR," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a new method of treatment of fur, wool, and
hair, whereby the natural oil, grease, or yolk is removed without destroying the
felting properties. They are subjected to the action of steam in a closed vessel
for a period of thirty minutes, more or less. The pressure of steam necessary for
this purpose varies with different kinds and conditions of stock. For many
varieties of fur a pressure of sixty pounds or even less will suffice, while for
some kinds of fur when new and in a very oily condition a pressure of from.
one hundred to one hundred and fifty pounds will be required, and for very:
oily wool & pressure of two hundred and fifty pounds, more or less, will be
necessary. The pressure may be carried to four hundred or any practicable

page_text: height without injury to the material so long as the steam remains moist and
superheating is avoided. Superheated or dry steam at any pressure, however
low, will injure if not destroy the fibre. Any suitable receptacle or vessel
strong enough to resist the pressure of the steam may be used for carrying
out this Invention. The vessel may be of any suitable material; it
may be divided by partitions if desired, and it may have in its bottom
or sides one or more openings to receive steam in the several divisions,
and one or more smaller openings in the bottom to let the natural oil
or grease, which in the case of wool is sometimes called "the yolk," and
impurities and foreign matters escape along with the water of condensation.
It is provided with a perforated or reticulated false bottom to support the fur,
wool, or hair, and at the same time allow the water of condensation and the
oil or grease or other matter to run off.
By means of this Invention fur and wool are prepared for hatters and others
uses in a clean and sweet condition without discolouring them and without
destroying or impairing their natural felting properties, and in the best possible
condition for dyeing.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jeremiah Murphy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
April 1866.
I, WILLIAM JEREMIAH MURPHY, of Lady's Well Brewery, Cork, in the
County of the City of Cork, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING
SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the propulsion of ships or vessels by hydraulic
pressure. The pressure is obtained by the displacement of the water (by the
weight of the ship), forcing the former up a pipe fitted in the bottom of the
ship. To the inner end of this pipe is connected a horizontal cylinder, placed
longitudinally, or in the direction of the ship's length, and fitted with a piston,
the diameter of the said piston being about the same as that of the pipe. The
pressure of the water on the piston forces the piston into another cylinder
containing water; beyond this water is another piston, and so on until a
sufficient power is attained. The last piston forces against a cross beam or
other fixed part of the ship, and thus forces or propels the vessel forward.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AXLES AND AXLE BOXES FOR CARTS, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER CONVEYANCES RUNNING UPON WHEELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Young Edwards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
April 1866.
I, WILLIAM YOUNG EDWARDS, of Castle Street, Falcon Square, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AXLES AND AXLE BOXES FOR CARTS, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER CONVEYANCES
RUNNING UPON WHEELS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in axles and axle boxes for
carts, carriages, and other conveyances running upon wheels.
For this purpose, according to one arrangement, the ends of the axles are
ribbed or fluted in the direction of the length thereof, these fluted or ribbed
ends of the axles are placed within boxes which are free to run within the
hubs or boxes of the wheels; the interior of these loose boxes is smooth, whilst
the exterior is ribbed or corrugated as described with respect to the axles.
Or the axles, which are ribbed or fluted as above described, may work within
the hub or box of the wheel without the interposition of a separate box as
above described.
Another arrangement consists in the application of rollers working between
the axles and the interior of the hub or box of the wheel, such rollers may be
loose within the hub or box of the wheel, or they may be kept at suitable
distances apart by working in suitable bearings.
The arrangements above described are also applicable to the axles and axle
boxes of railway rolling stock.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING THE ROLLER BEAMS AND FLY BOARDS OF MACHINERY USED FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Kay Whitehead at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
April 1866.
I, THOMAS KAY WHITEHEAD, of Ilex Mills, Rawtenstall, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING THE ROLLER BEAMS AND FLY BOARDS OF
MACHINERY USED FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of apparatus which is complete
in itself, and which may be moved from one machine to another when it is
desired to clean a roller beam or fly board thereof. This apparatus is then
caused to traverse the machine and effects the required cleaning by dragging
along a piece of cloth or other suitable material.
In carrying out my Invention I propose to use a carriage provided with the
cloth or other cleansing material. This carriage contains gearing impelled by
a spring which may be wound up after the manner of ordinary clockwork.
To the roller beam or fly board I adapt a wire or wires, or other such apparatus
constituting a railway, and the aforesaid carriage having been placed thereon,
the previously wound-up spring is liberated by the removal of a catch, and the

page_text: motive power thereof then propels the carriage along the railway, and by
dragging the cloth over the roller beam or fly board effects the required
cleansing. Instead, however, of using a spring, other ordinary mechanical
motive power may be employed, or the apparatus above described may be
drawn across the roller beam or fly board by hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOP-COCKs
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Brown, William Wheeldon,
and George Nicholas William Tuam Thompson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st February
1866.
We, LUKE BROWN, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Brass Founder,
WILLIAM WHEELDON, also of Derby, Engineer, and GEORGE NICHOLAS WILLIAM
TUAM THOMPSON, of Derby, aforesaid, Machine Broker, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOP-COCKs," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists of an improved stop-cock in which a slightly conical
plug is employed; such plug is provided at one end with a flange of square or
other shape to allow a wrench or turn-key to be placed upon it in order that
it may be tightly screwed into a barrel or other vessel of capacity, the outside
of the plug being screw-threaded for the purpose nearest the flanged end;
the plug is hollow and receives a smaller plug which is also slightly conical,
and is turned and ground to fit tightly into the first-mentioned plug, in which
it is securely held by a nut and washer. The narrowest or opposite end is
filed of a square or other shape to fit into the end of a crutch key made to
receive it. Both the plugs have holes or ways cut, cast, or otherwise formed
in or through them transversely to their length; the inner plug is also hollow,
and has holes drilled or otherwise formed in the thickest end to communicate
with the holes or ways before mentioned. The interior of the flanged end of

page_text: the first plug is furnished with a screw thread, into which is screwed the end
of a short tube or barrel, which has a spout or bib projecting from it near
the opposite end, which end is also screwed on the inside, and receives a cap
through which the stem of the crutch key passes, or the screwed end and cap
may be so shaped as to form a stuffing box.
A NEW FASTENING FOR LETTER ENVELOPES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Denis Marie Gilbert and Louis
Adolphe Dubreux at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 19th July 1866.
We, DENIS MARIE GILBERT, and LOUIS ADOLPHE DUBREUX, of Paris,
France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW FASTENING FOR LETTER ENVELOPES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to a new fastening for letter envelopes, and consists
in applying for this purpose for each envelope one or more thin brass or other
metal eyelets, such as are made use of for stays, deeds, or other similar
purposes. For envelopes for ordinary letters each of the four overlapping
parts or flaps of the envelope is provided with a hole of a diameter correspond-
ing with the outer diameter of the eyelet, one end of which latter has been
spread or rounded out, the four holes are so situated as exactly to cover each
other when the four flaps of the envelope are folded up, the eyelet is
inserted from the inside of the envelope in the three corresponding holes
of the three overlapping or lower flaps with the extended or rounded end of
the eyelet situated in the inside of the envelope, the letter may now be
inserted in this latter, after which the hole of the fourth, upper or sealing flap,
is put over the top of the eyelet, and this latter submitted to a suitable pressure
for causing both ends of the eyelet to spread out or flatten themselves on the
flaps of the envelope and thus keep these latter firmly adhering together.
For large envelopes, or such requiring several sealings, such for instance,
as for registered letters, besides the eyelet which keeps together the four flaps
other eyelets may be applied for connecting together each to overlapping flaps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INCUBATORS AND APPARATUS FOR REARING YOUNG CHICKENS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fortuné la Moile at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th November
1866.
J, FORTUNÉ LA MOILE, of No. 1, the Paragon, Salisbury, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INCUBATORS AND
APPARATUS FOR REARING YOUNG CHICKENS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in incubators and apparatus
for rearing young chickens. For these purposes a shallow hot-water tank is
employed which is connected by pipes with a boiler heated by gas or other-
wise, the tank is closed at the top by a flat cover; and above this cover and at
a short distance from it is a wire tray covered with blanket upon which the
eggs to be hatched are placed. The tank and tray are enclosed in a case, the
top of which is closed in by glazed doors. From the centre of the top of the
tank a pipe rises up through the top of the case, through this pipe the tank
can be filled with water, fitting within this pipe is another pipe, and holes
are formed in both pipes which can be brought to coincide with one another,
and thus the case containing the eggs can be supplied with the requisite
moisture. Immediately below the bottom of the hot-water tank is another
wire tray in which is woven a pile of worsted or warm material, the pile hangs
downwards, and just below the pile is the bottom of the case or frame in which
the tank is enclosed. The young chickens are placed at the bottom of the
case, and the warm "pile" below the hot-water tank acts as an artificial
mother and gives warmth to them on their backs; a similar artificial mother

page_text: may also be heated by the pipe from the boiler; the sides of the casing around
the artificial mother are perforated or fitted with wirework, and an opening
is formed through the casing for the young chickens to pass out to an outer
space or "run" enclosed with wirework. A portion of the space below the
bottom of the. tank may be shut off from the remainder of the space by a
perforated partition, and the space so shut off may be fitted with drawers, each
containing a small "artificial mother."
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTS FOR THE WRIST
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Badcock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1866.
I, JAMES BADCOCK, of Westmoreland Buildings, Aldersgate Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTS FOR THE WRIST," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
ornaments for the wrist. For these purposes an ornamental metal band is
formed in such manner as to be used in combination with a cuff or wristband
of linen or other fabric, and so that the metal band may when in use be fixed
to and form part with the wristband or cuff, so that when the cuff or wristband
is unfastened and removed from the wrist the ornamental metal band comes
away with it. The cuff or wristband of linen or other fabric may be plain or
ornamented, and of any desired shape, and is, as heretofore, made to button or
otherwise fasten round the wrist. The band is by preference of thin metal
capable of being readily bent with the fabric of which the wristband or cuff is
formed round the wrist, but the metal band may be formed in parts and made
capable of bending like a bracelet. It may be more or less ornamented by
engraving or otherwise, and it is not essential that it should be wholly of metal.

page_text: The back of the metal plate or band is formed with shanks or other means of
fastening the band to the fabric of the cuff or wristband, and the form of these
shanks or fastenings may be varied, but I prefer to use projecting metal
shanks each having an eye through it, and these shanks pass through eyelet
holes formed in the cuff or wristband, and elastic fastenings of metal, such as
are used for retaining buttons on garments are used to retain, the shanks of
the metal or ornamental band to the wristband or cuff.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RED COLORING MATTER OR DYE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Holliday at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1866.
I, JOHN HOLLIDAY, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RED COLORING MATTER OR DYE," to
be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the production of red coloring matter or dye
by the use of nitro-napthaline, binitro-napthaline, or trinitro-napthaline, with
a salt of aniline or its homologues, preferring the hydrochlorate of aniline
of a high boiling point or the hydrochlorate of toluidine. In carrying
out my Invention I mix (about) twenty parts (by weight) of hydrochloric
acid of commerce with twenty parts of toluidine and ten parts of nitro-
napthaline. I heat this mixture up to 440° Fahrenheit or thereabouts,
until the red dye or color is formed in a somewhat bronze mass. I do not
confine myself to the proportions or particular qualities of the ingredients
stated, as they may be varied according to the shade of red required. I
purify the dye by ordinary processes.