IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN HENRY
JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn. Fields, in the. County of Middlesex, and of
Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighth day of
March, in the fifteenthr year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me; the said John Henry Johnson, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John
Henry Johnson, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, and such others as 1, the said
John Henry Johnson, my exors, adñors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use; exercise, and
Vend, within England, Wales. and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and.
also in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all
Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, an Invention communicated
to me by a Foreigner resident abroad of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING CARPETS
AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN ;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso requiring that I, the
said John Henry Johnson, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, shall particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,*
and in what manner the same is to be performed, and shall cause the same
to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent.
•

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Henry Johnson, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by this present Instrument in writing, as follows, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto attached, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say:-
The said Invention relates to various novel arrangements of mechanism,
apparatus, or means, for the production of looped or pile fabrics, parts of
which arrangements are also applicable for the production of other classes
of fabrics, and consists,
First, of certain movements for working the trap and knot boards in
such a manner that the second row of heddles or harness rises and falls
so much further than the first, and the third more than the second, and so
on throughout the entire series of heddles or harness, that as the warp is
sprung the threads in the same shed from each row of heddles, whether front,
middle, or back, and whether sprung in the top or bottom shed, will all be in
the same plane.
Second, of the inserting and drawing the pile wires by a vibrating quadrant
with a groove in it, into which the wire is pressed by a roller as it is inserted
and drawn, which quadrant moves forward after it inserts a wire to the
wire that is to be drawn, draws the wire, and moves back again and inserts it.
Third, of the locking the beams which contain the warp just before the lay
strikes the cloth, so as to hold the warp firmly to insure a uniform quantity
of weft from end to end of the fabric, and releasing the beams just after the
lay leaves the cloth, so that the heddles may spring the warps freely, and then
locking the beams again before the lay strikes the cloth.
.
Fourth, of a mode of working the picking sticks with springs, which are
pressed out by cams, and released so as to spring suddenly in to work the
sticks and throw the shuttle.
And in order that the said Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed to describe the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings
hereunto attached, shewing the construction and operation of a loom to which
the improvements are attached, in which Drawings the same letters indicate
like parts in all the Figures. Figure 1 of the Drawings is a side elevation
of the loom. Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view, shewing the parts
to the left of the line Z, Z, in Figure 4. Figure 3 is a section of the lathe
motion and wire drawing apparatus. Figure 4 is a plan of the loom, omitting
the parts represented above the line 2, z, in Figure 5. Figure 5 is a front
elevation of the loom. Figure 6 is a section through
the line, ³, in

page_text: Figure 4, excepting the cams on the end of the main shaft, which are cut
through the centre. Figure 7 is a plan of the trap board, arms, and shaft.
Figure 8 is a sectional side elevation of the cam, lever, and segment employed
for drawing the wires. Figure 9 is a front sectional elevation of the same.
And Figure 10 is a representation of the wires over which the pile is formed.
A is the frame constructed in some respects like those in common use, with
a breast. beam A', and with top and bottom rails, to the latter of which the
bearings for the main shaft B are fastened, being worked by a driving pulley,
to be applied to some part of the shaft. The lay A is fastened to two
traverse rods A³, which support it, and traverse in fixed bearings fastened to the
top rails. These traverse rods are actuated by toggle or knee joints, consisting
of the arms A and A', the former of which is connected to one of the fixed
bearings above mentioned, and the latter is connected to the traverse rod
and to the lever C by the link C³. The lever C+ has a pin in it, projecting
into the grooved cam C³ on the main shaft B, which cam works the lever
operating the toggles for traversing the lay. The pinion B³, keyed on to
the shaft B, drives the spur wheels B³ fast on a second shaft B', which
shaft turns in bearings fastened to the bottom rails. There is a groove in
each side of the wheel B³, so as to act as cams for the treadles G³ and G*,
there being a stud from each treadle projecting into the groove, with a friction
roller a upon it. This roller is acted upon by the groove so as to give the
treadles G³ and G* a positive motion in each direction, which they commu-
nicate to the heddle frames G1, G2, for the ground warp by stiff links a¹
connected to the said frames and treadles, the back end of the treadles
being supported by the shaft K, which rests in bearings fastened to the
middle posts of the side frame. The beams K and K are to contain the
ground warp, one shed on each beam, the pivots of the said beams turning
in bearings upon the top rails, just behind the middle posts, as shown in
the Drawings. A friction pulley a² is fastened to each beam, surrounded by
the chains and a', one end of each chain being fastened to the levers
M* and M respectively, vibrating on the shaft K, and each having a weight
on the other end. These levers may be weighted in the usual manner,
sufficiently to hold the warps at a proper tension, and they are locked by the
rack J³, formed by catches, and fastened to the rocking shaft K2, which rests
in bearings fastened to the back posts, and is worked by the arm b, fastened
into it, and connected by a link to the lever F, which works on the
rocking shaft K³, when acted upon by the three-leaved cam G, which is
fastened to the cam C³, so as to throw the rack J forward to catch the levers
just before the lay strikes the cloth, so as to hold the warps firmly until

page_text: the weft is driven home, and as the lay leaves the cloth the spring 6³, fastened
to the middle cross rail, vibrates the lever F, and throws back the rack J³,
releasing the levers M' and M³, so as to allow the heddles to spring the
sheds and draw the warp from the beams. There are two posts A° fastened
into the top rails, which extend up high enough to support the card cylinder,
needle frame, trap and knot boards, which posts are connected at the top by a
bracket N, and have the supports L* fastened to them, these supports
carrying the trap and knot boards, lever shafts H and Gº, directly over that
edge of woven fabric (or nearly so) where the warp joins the cloth. The
upper or knot board M is fastened to the arms H, projecting from the shaft
H, and is supported by the rod H³, placed between and connecting the arm
H and the lever E, which vibrates upon the shaft K³, being worked by the
cam F (shown in dotted lines in Figure 2) upon the shaft B, so as to raise
the knot board with the heddles and all the pile warp.. The twine is tied
to the heddles, and taken up through two guide boards e and e¹, and the eye
of the needle e, and has a knot tied in it to catch upon the teeth of the
comb 13, 13, of the trap board, then through the holes in the knot boards,
where a knot is tied to retain the eye of the heddle at a proper height.
The trap board is formed of cones or other equivalent, fastened to the arms
G of the shaft G, and supported by the rod H³, placed between and con-
necting one of the arms and the lever E³, which lever. vibrates upon the
shaft K³, and is worked by the cam F* on the shaft B so as to raise the trap
board as required, and take up the heddles of the figuring warp when the
twine is carried in between the teeth of the combs by the needles e², actuated
by a card cylinder H³, or by such other device as will answer the purpose.
This card cylinder (which is represented in the Drawing, may be constructed
and actuated in the usual manner, or in such other manner as will effect
the purpose intended. The cam I, on the shaft B, outside of the frame,
vibrates the lever H, upon the end of the shaft K, which lever draws down
the lever I by the chain or cord H* connecting them. The lever I is
fastened to the end of the rocking shaft I', which has the arms es fastened
to it, and vibrating the traverse rods f, supporting the card cylinder H³, so as to
force the cylinder out by the action of the cam I upon the lever H³, the cylinder
being drawn forward by the cords f¹, fastened to the arms, which.cords pass
over pulleys, and are fastened to the weights f. The needles are of the com-
mon form, and are actuated by the cords upon the cylinder H³, and traverse in
the needle frame N', constructed in the usual manner. It will be obvious that
as the trap and knot boards are fastened to and vibrate with the levers, which
levers have their fulcra over the edge of the cloth, in order that the second row

page_text: of heddles or harness may rise and fall so much further than the first, and the
third farther than the second, and so on throughout the entire series of heddles
or harness, that as the warp is sprung the threads in the same shed from each
row of heddles, whether front, middle, or back, or whether they are sprung
in the top or bottoin shed, will all lie in the same plane. If the heddle cords
are spread in the trapboard, and contracted in the harness board, the trapboard
levers must be lengthened, and the fulcrà must be moved forward over the
cloth proportionally as they are lengthened, so as to adjust the same properly.
The weights are hung to the heddle in the usual manner, and may be made
of No. 2 wire, and about. fifteen inches long for weaving Brussels carpet.
The shuttle boxes c¹, c, are made in the usual form (or in such other form as
will answer the purpose). The left-hand box being fastened to the top rail,
as the lay vibrates independantly of the shuttle boxes, the right-hand shuttle
box c¹ is supported by two rods F, F, which traverse in the arms of the bracket
M' fastened to the top rail: This shuttle box is moved back by the lever F,
connected to one of the rods, which lever vibrates on a stud fastened to the
bottom rail, and is actuated by a wiper or cam F' (shewn in dotted lines)
fastened to the back side of. the shuttle cam B upon the end of the shaft B,
so as to move the shuttle box back at the proper time to allow the apparattis
that inserts the wires to take its place and insert a wire, and then move out
of the way to allow the spring E' (which is fastened to the stand of the
picker staff, and connected to the lever F by the link 6³) to move the shuttle
box forward to its place again. The picker staves c, c, vibrate on studs
fastened to the bottom rails, and are actuated by the picker springs B³ fastened
These
5 to the bottom rail, and connected by the strap 6 to the staves.
springs B are pressed out by cams B* on the end of shaft B, which cams
act against the inclined planes c fastened to the springs, so as to force the
springs out and hold them until the notches c¹ in the cams pass the ends of.
the inclined planes c, and allow the springs to draw the picker staves suddenly
in to throw the shuttle. The quadrant D inserts and draws the pile wires,
one of which is represented upon it at 15, the ends of the wires being bent and
brazed or soldered so as to form an eye J¹ and a hook C on it, and the end
h being turned up to prevent its catching under the threads in the lower shed.
In Figure 10, J is a plan and I an elevation of the needle or wire. The
5 quadrant D is fastened to the shaft D³, which turns and traverses in bearings
fastened to the bottom rail. The shaft D³ is turned to vibrate the quadrant
and work the wires by the segmental rack D fastened to said shaft, and acted
upon by the rack E' upon the lever E, which vibrates upon the shaft K,
being driven by the cam E³, and a pin which projects from the said lever

page_text: into the groove of the cam E2 fastened to the shaft B. The shaft D³ is
traversed by the lever E³, which has an oblong hole in it, through which the
shaft B passes, and vibrates upon a stud fastened to the top rail, being worked
by the pin a, which projects from the cam E' on the shaft B into the oblong.
hole, acting against its sides so as to traverse the shaft D³ by the rib M³ upon
the lever, which rib projects into a notch d in the shaft, so as to move
it forward to draw a wire by the hook catching in the hole in the quadrant,
as shewn by the dotted line. The quadrant is then moved by the rack on the
lever acting on the segment, so as to draw the wire which is held in the
groove of the quadrant by the roller D, turning on a stud in the lever D'.
This lever is supported by the end of the shaft D³ (turning freely in it,
but being carried with it when it traverses), and is held in the required
position by the stud D* which projects from it, so as to pass the side of the
front post, being held against it by a bracket. The wire having been drawn
by the quadrant D, the rib M³ upon the lever E moves the shaft and quadrant
back. The shuttle box C' having been moved out of the way (as already
described), so that, as the quadrant is moved the other way by the lever rack
and segment, it pushes the wire forward, the wire being guided into the shed
or opening between the pile and ground warps by the guide I fastened to the
shuttle box. When the wire has been carried in a proper distance, the pro-
jection L³ on the spring ds in the lay which has been held in by the quadrant
is forced out into the eye J' of the wire, so as to stop it, and draw the hook
out of the quadrant as it is carried over. The quadrant is now carried
forward by the same action that carried it back, so as to be ready to draw
the wire nearest to the breast beam at the proper time, there being about
twenty wires in the pile at the same time. The quadrant having moved
forward, the lay drives up the wire (as I dispense with the race board in
weaving piled fabrics, the front of the lay being nearly even with the face of
the reed), the projection L' on the spring d² remaining in the eye of the wire,
to prevent it from turning until it is held by the warp in a proper position
for the quadrant to catch and draw it. The shuttle box now returns to its
place, and the sheds are sprung, and a proper number of threads of weft are
woven to bind the pile. The quadrant then draws another wire, and moves
back and inserts it under the pile warp, as has been described, the edge of the
quadrant being bevilled at d¹ so as to press in the projection L³ on the spring
and hold it until the eye of the wire comes over it, when it springs out into
the eye, and stops it, as above described. The woven fabric represented in
dotted line at ds is drawn over the breast beam by passing under the cloth
roller J, and around the same, and around and over the roller upon the top

page_text: of Ja, and then falls down upon the floor, as it is allowed to do in many
carpet looms in common use, or round upon a cloth beam. The roller J³ may
be driven by some of the devices in common use for such purposes, so as to
give it a positive motion to take up the woven fabric as required. These
rollers should be geared together, and the top one pressed against the other
by weights or springs. The knot and trap boards may be suitably counter-
balanced.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the Inven⚫
tion, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself
to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to refer
to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the
principles or main features of the Invention; but what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the system or mode of arranging and actuating the trap and knot
boards or other apparatus employed for a similar purpose, so that the second
row of heddles or harness shall fall and rise so much farther than the first,
and the third row of heddles so much farther than the second, and similarly
throughout the series, that as the warp is sprung, opened, or shed the threads
in the same shed from each row of the heddles, whether front, middle, or
back, and whether in the top or bottom shed, shall all lie in the same plane.
Second, the system or mode of inserting and withdrawing the needles or
loop wires, as herein before described.
Third, the system or mode of grinding the needles or wires on entering the
warp, and holding the same therein, as herein-before described.
Fourth, the system or mode of holding and steadying the needles by means
of eccentrically or angular weighted ends and spring hooks, as at J¹ and C³,
in Figure 10 of the Drawings.
Fifth, the employment and use of needles formed with ring or bent outer
ends, or weighted on one side, or beneath the axial line of the needles, as
herein-before described.
Sixth, the system or mode of attaching and releasing the needles in their
actuating quadrant and lay, as herein-before described.
Seventh, the system or mode of locking and unlocking the beam or beams
for the warp, as herein-before described.
Eighth, the system or mode of throwing or actuating the shuttles, as
herein-before described.
Ninth, the system or mode of weaving, wherein the shuttle boxes are

page_text: loose from the lay, and are made to traverse at the proper intervals in a line
with the warp, to allow of the needle action.
Tenth, the application and use of the combination of springs and inclined
planes with the driving cams for actuating the picking stick, as herein-before
described.
Eleventh, the system or mode of actuating the lay, as herein-before
described.
Twelfth, the application and use of the knee joint and cam or eccentric
action for working the lay.
Thirteenth, the system or mode of duplicating the yarn beam, as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Third
day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-two.
Signed, sealed, and delivered, in the
presence of
J. HENRY (L.s.) JOHNSON.
Clerks to Messrs. W. & J. H. Johnson,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Third day of September, in the
year of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid John Henry Johnson came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fourth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.