Improvements in Apparatus for Drying Vegetable and Animal Matter.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Feb., 1896-Accepted, 25th Apr., 1896
[Communicated from abroad by SALOMON MOSER, of 7 Baumweg, Frankfort-
on-Main, in the German Empire, Engineer.]
Improvements in Apparatus for Drying Vegetable and Animal
Matter.
1. AUGUSTUS LUDWIG of 16 Mincing Lane, London E.C. in the City of
London, Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to certain improvements in the apparatus for drying
vegetable and animal matter, commonly known as Ryder's evaporators, as described
in the Specification to Patent No. 7352 of 1885. These evaporators, or drying
apparatus, as hitherto constructed, have in practical use shown the drawback that
by reason of the loss of a certain amount of heat the consumption of fuel was a
comparatively high one. The reason for this loss of beat was to be found in the
insufficient encasing of the furnace, which was enclosed by only one mantle and
this mantle consequently gave off too much heat, which was in the first instance
lost to the drying process and secondly proved a source of great inconvenience to
those in attendance on the evaporator. A further drawback was the fact that the
cold air was drawn from the ground or floor of the room, where the stove of the
evaporator was situated, firstly because the air is at its lowest temperature there,
but principally because the air before entering the stove, had to pass over the.
ground or floor, which is generally more or less covered with fine particles of dirt,
which were then necessarily deposited on the fruit or other matter in process of
drying.
All these drawbacks have been done away with by the improvements, which
are the subject of this invention and which may be ascertained by the following
description and the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts:-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section;
Figure 2 is a vertical section.
Around the usual stove, viz.: around the mantle, which encircles the furnace-
hereinafter called the inner mantle-is placed a second outer mantle a coming right
down to the ground, in such a way that an empty space remains between this and
the inner mantle. The air on its way to the drying flues now does not enter the
stove by the dusty floor, but does so at a certain height above and thence passes
downwards to the stove and so on. On its downward passage the air is forewarmed,
so that, when reaching the furnace, it is already beated to a certain extent.
In order to prevent any particles of dirt which might be in the air from entering
he drying flues, a sieve b. is fixed between the inner and outer mantles and on this
ieve fireproof wadding or asbestos wool c is loosely placed, which absorbs all
mpurities, with which the air entering as described might have been laden.
Another improvement, in order to further economise the heat, is effected by
neans of a box d fixed underneath the trunk of the evaporator and connected with
he stove.
This box is closed at one end by the flap lid e and at the other eud by
he flap lid f. It is filled at f with clean washed sand or some other suitable
aterial. The hot air entering the box d by the flap lide heats the sand to a

page_text: considerable degree and as the sand retains the heat for a very long time, it
becomes an additional heating factor. Consequent upon this the .variations of the
temperature of the air currents circulating in the drying flues, caused by the
opening and closing of the flue doors, are also counteracted to a great degree. In
order that the sand in the box d does not pass into the drying flues or through the
open flap lid e into the stove, fine sieves g and h are fixed behind this flap lid and
along the bottom of the undermost drying flue, thro' which sieves g and h the warm
air, but not the sand can pass.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In the apparatus for drying vegetable and animal matter, commonly known
as Ryder's evaporator as described in the Specification to Patent No. 7352 of 1885,
the enclosing of the furnace with a second or outer mantle, reaching right down to the
ground, constructed and operating substantially as and for the purposes herein before
described and illustrated by the drawings.
2. The placing between the inner and outer mantles encircling the furnace of
Ryder's evaporator as described in the Specification to Patent No. 7352 of 1885,
of a sieve with fireproof wadding or asbestos wool, serving as an air filter,
constructed and operating substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and illustrated by the drawings.
3. The fixing underneath the undermost drying flue i.e. the trunk of Ryder's
evaporator as described in the Specification to Patent No. 7352 of 1885 of a box
filled with clean washed sand or some similar suitable material and separated from
the drying flues and the stove by fine sieves, warm air for the heating of the sand
being introduced through the flap lid e, constructed and operating substantially as
and for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
4. The improvements in the apparatus for drying vegetable and animal matter,
commonly known as Ryder's evaporator (as described in the Specification to Patent
No. 7352 of 1885) substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 20th day of February 1896.
AUGUSTUS LUDWIG.