IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR LOCKING OR SECURING THE NUTS OR HEADS OF SCREW BOLTS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Simon, of No. 7, St. Peter's Square, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS FOR LOCKING OR SECURING THE NUTS OR HEADS OF SCREW BOLTS." A
communication from abroad by Hermann Borgsmüller and Gottlieb Ludwig
Brückmann, both of Dortmund, in the German Empire.
Sealed the 10th May 1878, and dated the 25th February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Simon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February 1878.
HENRY SIMON, of No. 7, St. Peter's Square, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR LOCKING OR SECURING THE
NUTS OR HEADS OF SCREW BOLTS." [A communication from abroad by Hermann
Borgsmüller and Gottlieb Ludwig Brückmann, both of Dortmund, in the German
Empire.]
According to the present Invention the under side of the nut or head of a screw
bolt is formed either with projecting fillets running along two or more of its
vertical sides, or the edges of the under side are bevilled off. A washer which is
prevented by any suitable known means from rotating,. or the surface on which the
nut or head bears is formed with a series of grooves at right angles or other desired
angle to each other, in such positions that any one fillet on the nut or head can
be brought with its inner edge in line with the outer edge of one or other of the
grooves in the washer, or so that any one of the bevilled surfaces can be brought
with its inner lower edge in line with the inner edge of one or other of the said
grooves.
The nut or head having been brought into the position above referred to, a strip
of metal or key is driven into the groove of the washer, so that a part of the key
which projects above the face of the washer also enters the space behind the fillet in
line therewith, or fits with a bevilled surface against the bevilled edge of the nut or
head, and thus prevents this from turning.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Henry Simon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th June 1878.
HENRY SIMON, of No. 7, St. Peter's Square, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR LOCKING OR SECURING THE
NUTS OR HEADS OF SCREW BOLTS." A communication from abroad by H.
Borgsmüller and G. L. Brückmann, both of Dortmund, in the German Empire.
According to the preseent Invention the under side of the nut or head of a screw
bolt is formed either with projecting fillets running along two or more of its vertica]
sides, or the edges of the under side are bevilled off. A washer which is prevented
by any suitable known means from rotating, or the surface on which the nut or head
bears is formed with a series of grooves at right angles or other desired angle to
each other, in such positions that any one fillet on the nut or head can be brought
with its inner edge in line with the outer edge of one or other of the grooves in
the washer, or so that any one of the bevilled surfaces can be brought with its
inner lower edge in line with the inner edge of one or other of the said grooves.
The nut or head having been brought into the position above referred to a strip
of metal or key is driven into the groove of the washer, so that a part of the key
which projects above the face of the washer also enters the space behind the fillet
in line therewith, or fits with a bevilled surface against the bevilled edge of the nut
or head, and thus prevents this from turning.
Figure 1 shews the under side of the nut or head of a screw bolt having three
fillets a, a, a³, according to the first above-described arrangement.
Figure 2 shews a plan of the washer or bearing surface.
Figure 3 shews a side elevation of the nut or head with the washer or bearing
surface in section.
Figure 4 shews a plan of the nut or head, and washer or bearing surface combined.
The fillets a¹, a², a³, project slightly beyond the other part 6 of the under surface, as
shewn at Figure 3. The bearing surface c has four grooves d', d², d³, d, formed in
it in such a position that when the nut has been turned so as to bring one of the
fillets with its inner edge in line with the outer edge of one of the grooves, a key
or split pin can be driven in as shewn at e, Figures 3 and 4, so that in both entering
the groove and projecting behind the fillet it will lock the nut in position.
It will be seen that in turning the nut from the position shewn at Figure 4 into
the position in which the fillet a¹ coincides with the groove d³, it will have passed
through two other positions in which it could be locked, namely, first, when fillet a³
coincides with groove d*; and second, when a coincides with d³, that is to say, the
nut can be locked in three different positions in one-fourth of a revolution, or in
twelve different positions in one complete revolution.
It will be evident that if a greater number of grooves were made in the base
(other than a number corresponding with the number of sides to the nut or head),
the number of positions in which the nut could be secured would be increased; thus
if five grooves were arranged as a pentagon, the nut could be locked in three
different positions in one-fifth of a revolution, or in fifteen positions in a whole
revolution. In like manner eight grooves arranged octagonally would give twenty-
four different positions, in which the nut could be locked.
Figure 5 shews the plan of a nut having its lower edges a, a, bevilled off according
to the second before-described arrangement.
Figure 6 shews a plan of the washer to be used in combination therewith, having
four grooves d, d, in such positions that the nut can be brought with the lower
edge of one of its bevilled surfaces in line with the inner edge of one of the
grooves.

page_text: Figure 7 shows a side elevation, and Figure 8 a plan of the nut and washer
combined.
When brought into the position above mentioned the nut is locked by driving in
the groove a key s having a bevilled upper face which fits against the bevilled side
of the nut, as shewn at Figure 7. The pin may be secured in this position by bending
the ends after it has been driven, as shewn at Figure 8. In this arrangement, as
there are always two bevilled sides of the nut coinciding with two of the grooves,
two keys may be used for locking the nut as indicated. It will be evident that in
this arrangement the nut might be made square, and the washer with six grooves
arranged hexagonally; also that five or other number of grooves may be used for
enabling the nut to be locked in a greater number of positions, as stated with
reference to Figures 1 to 4.
The washer may either fit a recess in the fixed bearing surface f, as shewn, or it
may be prevented from turning by any other suitable means.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents, I
claim constructing nuts or heads of screw bolts either with projecting fillets or with
bevilled surfaces on their under side, operating in combination with grooves formed
in a washer, or in the bearing surface, and with a key or pin, substantially as and
for the purpose herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Simon, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
HENRY SIMON. (L.S.)