matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR UNITING THE ENDS OF MACHINE DRIVING BANDS OR STRAPS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Trotman at the Office of
the Cominissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1869.
I, JOHN TROTMAN, of the Firm of Trotman Brothers and Cole, of
Painswick, in the County of Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR UNITING THE
ENDS OF MACHINE DRIVING BANDS OR STRAPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in uniting the ends of machine driving bands
or straps by means of two plates of metal screwed together with the
ends of the strap between them. To apply the fastening to a belt the
two ends of the latter are laid with their inner surfaces together, and so
as to form a butt joint, the plates of the clamp are then applied oue
on either side, and secured together by screws as before mentioned, the
screws passing through both ends of the strap. In this manner the
whole of the clamp will be on one side of the strap, and therefore will
not come in contact with the pulleys on which the strap passes, the end
of the latter being bent at right angles between the clamp when the
strap is in usc.

page_text: In order to prevent any strain coming on the holes in the strap
formed by the screws I prefer to make the inner faces of the plates
forming the clamp with a rasp-like surface, thereby causing the whole of
the strain to be equally distributed over that portion of the strap
held in the clamp and thus prevent its tearing out of the fastening.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING SACKINGS FOR BEDSTEADS, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ARTICLES FOR SITTING OR RECLINING ON, AS ALSO IN THE JOINTS FOR CONNECTING AND EXPANDING THE SIDES OF METALLIC BEDSTEADS WITH THE HEAD AND FOOT PARTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lewis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1869.
I, JAMES LEWIS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING SACKINGS FOR BEDSTEADS, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ARTICLES FOR SITTING OR RECLINING ON, AS ALSO IN
THE JOINTS FOR CONNECTING AND EXPANDING THE SIDES OF METALLIC BEDSTEADS
WITH THE HEAD AND FOOT PARTS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My improvements in affording elasticity to the laths or sacking
portion of metallic or wood bedsteads consist in applying a series of
curved steel springs so fashioned that the same may be applied by means
of a portable attachment or secured by screws or other convenient
means to the sides and foot parts. To the free ends of such springs I
apply laths interwoven lengthway and crossway, so as to combine the
strain, the said laths being attached by a slot or orifice formed in the
ends passing over a raised catch at the free ends of the springs, or other
like equivalent means; but when webbing or coarse fabric is used the
same may be attached to the free ends of the springs by the web, strap,

page_text: or fabric being secured in any suitable way to loops for engaging the
same with the springs. From this description it will be seen that the
same appliances may be readily modified and applied for the seats of
couches, chairs, or other frames for sitting or reclining on.
Secondly. My improvements in relation to the joints of metallic bed-
steads consist in casting the corner or angle parts with an angular
shank for receiving the sides with a recess corresponding with the
shank of the angle part; and by means of holes and keys I purpose
not only uniting the sides to the angles, but adjusting the sides to the
angles that the same may be expanded lengthway and crossway, thereby
tightening the laths forming the sacking in both directions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING MALT OR GRAIN FOR BREWING OR DISTILLING, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOB
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mackenzie Shiels at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1869.
I, JAMES MACKENZIE SHIELS, of Prestonpans, in the County of
Haddington, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING MALT OR GRAIN FOR BREWING OR
DISTILLING, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOB," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to the preparation of malt or grain in
an improved manner for brewing or distilling, consists of a special
arrangement or construction of drying or roasting apparatus so arranged
that the deleterious effects arising from the use of coal, coke, wood, turf,
or other fuel are avoided, the quality of the malt dried is enhanced, and
the process in general is more cleanly than what is at present in use.
The drying or roasting apparatus is composed of a wire-covered cage
or perforated chamber of a shape which prevents the exit of the grain
either through the openings between the wires or perforations of the
cage or over the top or lip thereof. The grain or malt is put into the

page_text: cage whilst in a partially moist state, and the cage being rotated at a
high velocity causes the grain to be scattered about (by centrifugal
action) so that the moisture is thrown off. The casing surrounding the
revolving cage is preferably made double, through the hollow or space
of which steam or heated air is passed, or it may be confined therein;
and this casing may either wholly or partly enclose the cage, it being
provided with openings for ventilating or other purposes. The cage is
also provided with one or more doors at the lower end, through which
the grain or malt is withdrawn when sufficiently dessicated, and from
which it falls into ducts or spouts, which may or may not be connected
to elevators for depositing the grain or malt at any place required.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN GRAINING IN OIL COLOURS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bray and Henry Adams
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 28th April 1869.
We, HENRY BRAY, of the Town and County of the Town of Not-
tingham, House Decorator, and HENRY ADAMS, of the same Town,
Painter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN GRAINING IN OIL COLOURS," to be as follows:-
According to our Invention a composition is prepared of glue and
treacle, or other agents or equivalents, and placed in a mould, upon
which we place a board or other covering which fits within the mould;
we then press this board or other covering on the composition within
the mould, which we next uncover, and we remove the composition; we
then employ soap and soda with raw linseed oil and vegetable lamp-
black, or other equivalents or agents, and boil them together over a
fire or heated surface, until the water therein has evaporated; these
ingredients will form a liquid or semi-liquid body; then we take a piece

page_text: of wood or other convenient material, upon which we place a piece of
coarse cloth, by preference woollen, and upon this we deposit the liquid
or composition; we then lay the composition upon any desired pattern,
and with this pattern we grain the work or surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING SCALES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Rogers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th September 1869.-A communication from abroad by Peter
Falardo, of Danbury, in the County of Fairfield, United States
of America.
I, HENRY JOHN ROGERS, of 123, Chancery Lane, London, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING SCALES," a communication to me from
abroad by Peter Falardo, of Danbury, in the County of Fairfield, United
States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in weighing scales, the object
being to enclose all the parts of the scale, making practically a box or
closed scale; and the Invention consists in combining parallel bars and
vertical supporting rods for the table within a case, the sides of which
form the bearings of the said parallel rods. The object to be weighed is
placed upon a plate or platform fixed upon one or more rods passing
down through the top of the case, and within the said case the rods are
pivoted to parallel bars, the other end of the said bars being pivoted

page_text: directly to the sides of the case, and within the said case is arranged a
spiral or other spring to hold up the platform, and so that a depression
of the said spring will be caused by the article placed upon the platform.
The said case is formed or rests upon a platform so as to enclose the
operative parts of the scale. From the rods, or from other convenient
points, an indicator is turned upon the dial by a rack and pinion or other
connection so as to indicate the depression of the said platform by the
article which rests thereon, and the divisions of the dial are arranged
so that the indicator shows the weight of the article placed upon the
platform.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE LIGHTS OF CUCUMBER AND OTHER FRAMES, SO AS TO GIVE AIR, AND FOR ACTUATING AND REGULATING THE VENTILATORS IN HOT-HOUSES AND IN OTHER PLACES WHERE IT IS NECESSARY TO MAINTAIN AN EVEN TEMPERATURE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Yates and John Railton
Williams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th July 1869.
We, GEORGE YATES, of Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster,
and JOHN RAILTON WILLIAMS, of Bowdon, in the County of Chester,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE LIGHTS OF CUCUMBER AND OTHER
FRAMES, SO AS TO GIVE AIR, AND FOR ACTUATING AND REGULATING THE VENTILATORS
IN HOT-HOUSES AND IN OTHER PLACES WHERE IT IS NECESSARY TO MAINTAIN
AN EVEN TEMPERATURE," to be as follows:-
The lights or ventilators are so arranged that they can be opened and
closed by very little force, and are connected by means of the necessary
levers and rods or pulley and balance weight to a float which works in
a vessel to which water may be admitted by means of a little valve.
This valve is connected to a small vessel which communicates with a
closed chamber containing mercury and air. When the temperature
rises above the required height the expansion of the air in the closed

page_text: chamber forces a portion of the mercury into the vessel connected with
the valve, the weight of which causes the valve to open and admit water
or other fluid into the vessel containing the float. The float being thus
raised opens the ventilators. When the temperature again falls the
air in the closed chamber contracts and allows the mercury to return.
The valve being thus relieved from the weight of the mercury is closed
by means of a balance weight or spring, so as to shut off the water
supply and at the same time to allow the water in the vessel containing
the float to run off through a waste pipe. Instead of using a float a
vessel might be used which is so arranged that when water is admitted
by the valve being opened, as described above, the vessel will fall, and
when the water is again let off this vessel is caused to rise by the action
of a balance weight or spring. The levers which actuate the ventilators
are connected to this vessel.
AN IMPROVED APPLIANCE TO BE USED IN DESIGNING THE FORMS OF CERTAIN PARTS OF ARTICLES OF APPAREL
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Parslow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
April 1869.
I, HENRY PARSIOW, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN
IMPROVED APPLIANCE TO BE USED IN DESIGNING THE FORMS OF CERTAIN PARTS OF
ARTICLES OF APPAREL," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the form and arrangement of models or
"templates" which are so shaped that on applying them to the cloth
or fabric from which the article of apparel is to be made, and by drawing
the outline formed by the edges of the model upon the cloth or fabric (the
body of the person being beforehand measured), the shape of the various
parts is at once obtained, which ensures a perfect fit of the articles.
of apparel when the parts of which it is to be composed are put together.
The models or "templates" are marked at their edges with a series of
numbers corresponding to the dimensions of the different parts of the
body, whilst in other parts of the model holes are punctured, these being.
also numbered to correspond with the numbers at the edges, so that

page_text: when any one part of the cloth or fabric is marked off a pencil may
be passed through the corresponding hole which indicates the position
for placing a point in the model from which to draw off another part.
The models are thus so shaped that the form of every part of the body
portion of the articles of apparel can be at once correctly set off from
them, and the same set of moulds applies to various figures of the
human body.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING BLAST IN SMELTING AND OTHER FURNACES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN INJECTING AIR FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Herbert Holt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th November 1869.
I, CHARLES HERBERT HOLT, of No. 36, Byrom Street, Saint John's, in
the City of Manchester, and County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR OBTAINING BLAST IN SMELTING AND OTHER FURNACES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN INJECTING AIR FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates to obtaining the blast of air for smelting and
other furnaces by the aid of jets of steam. For this purpose the steam
is applied so as to escape in an annular form into the passage for the
supply of the air which will thereby be drawn in and caused to flow within
and around the annular jet of steam. There may be also a central jet of
steam to aid the current, and there may be two or more annular rings of
steam flowing in the same direction, but one in advance of the other,
with the air passing within and around each. Instead of injecting
directly into the tuyere holes I may in some cases inject first into a

page_text: separate vessel, and if necessary I employ a jet of water to condense the
steam flowing through these jets. The water thus obtained may be run
off by a syphon or other suitable apparatus so as to prevent the air
escaping in that direction. The air may be conducted from this vessel
by suitable pipes to the furnaces, or it may be forced into an accumulator
or holder. Jets similarly arranged may be used for injecting air for
other purposes.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING CORN AND OTHER GRAIN, BEANS, AND SEEDS, MALT, BISCUIT FLOUR, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES MADE FROM THE SAME, AND ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Spencer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1869.
I, GEORGE SPENCER, of 77, Cannon Street, London, Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING CORN AND OTHER GRAIN, BEANS, AND SEEDS, MALT,
BISCUIT FLOUR, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES MADE FROM THE SAME, AND ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in improvements in preserving corn or other
grain, beans, and seeds, malt, biscuit flour, and other substances made
from the same, and animal and vegetable substances, to effect which
I place the substance to be preserved in a suitable air-tight vessel, from
which atmospheric air is partially or wholly withdrawn by any con-
venient means, and replace it by filling the containing vessel with either
carbonic acid gas or carbonic oxide gas, by which means the substances
are preserved from change.

page_text: Fruit, corn, or any kind of grain, seeds, beans, potatoes, or such like
vegetables, malt, biscuit flour of any kind, or other substances made
from any of the above substances, the flesh of animals, birds, fish, raw
or cooked, may be thus preserved.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR PLATING SHIPS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO FORTS, TURRETS, SHIELDS, AND TARGETS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Llewellyn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1869.
I, WILLIAM LLEWELLYN, of Park Street, Bristol, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR PLATING
SHIPS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO FORTS, TURRETS, SHIELDS, AND TARGETS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of applying to armour plates a backing com-
posed of a system of wedges disposed in such manner that each wedge
when struck derives support from those wedges contiguous to it, thus
distributing laterally the effects of a blow. The wedges are iron where
the thick end of the wedge is presented to the armour plate, and wood
coated with iron when the thin end of the wedge occupies this position,
which wedges are connected by means of iron bars dovetailed into them.
By this method armour plating is rendered lighter than if solid, though
its power of resistance is not impaired. Between the armour plate and
the wedged backing a layer of some elastic substance is interposed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES AND OTHER VEHICLES PROPELLED BY MANUAL POWER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Longbottom and
Albert Willan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th August 1869.
We, WILLIAM LONGBOTTOM, of Barnsley, Machinist, and ALBERT
WILLAN, of Harrowgate, Gentleman, in the County of Yorkshire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VELOCIPEDES AND OTHER VEHICLES PROPELLED BY MANUAL POWER," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements in velocipedes consist in the application of anti-
friction rollers, wheels, or pulleys to the axles or bearings, likewise in the
use of a spring bar for holding the guiding or steering lever; the
application of the antifriction rollers being also applicable to other
vehicles propelled by manual power. We make the framing of the
velocipedes of wrought iron or other suitable metal. On those parts
which support the axles we arrange studs, boxes, or frames which carry
the antifriction rollers or pulleys, these rollers or pulleys forming the
bearings for supporting the axles of the traction wheels, thus consider-
ably reducing the friction. There are various arrangements of the
antifriction rollers by which this end may be effected. In one method

page_text: we employ two antifriction rollers to each end of the axle, allowing the
ends to run in a slot in the framework; the rollers being above the axle
carry the weight, whilst underneath is a bearing of brass or other metal
fixed not in contact with the axle but near enough to prevent any
shaking. Another application may consist in the use of one or more or
three or more rollers having the axle of the traction wheels arranged
central with the roller or rollers. That part of the frame which holds
the steering or guide handle we make of spring steel in an elliptic or
other suitable form, by which arrangement it vibrates freely and gives
ease to the hands of the rider.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLA,. PARASOL, AND WALKING STICK HANDLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bernstein at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
July 1869.
I, JOSEPH BERNSTEIN, of Bethnal Green, in the County of Middlesex,.
Umbrella Stick Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLA,.
PARASOL, AND WALKING STICK HANDLES," to be as follows:-
Rajah canes used in the manufacture of umbrella, parasol, and walking:
stick handles are usually formed with a knob or bulb serving as the
handle, and it has been impossible to make rajah root handles. of a
hooked form except a considerable waste of material is incurred..
My Invention consists in imitating the grain and appearance of the
"rajah root" in order to produce handles of any form desired at but
little cost. To the end of an ordinary rajah cane I firmly attach a
handle or foundation, preferably of wood, and somewhat of the form
desired for the finished handle. To this foundation I fix by means of
glue or otherwise small pieces or veneers of "rajah root" sawn or
otherwise cut to a flat surface. These pieces or veneers I place as close
together as convenient so as to cover as much of the handle or hook aa

page_text: I desire to be ornamented in imitation of the "rajah root." I then fill up
the interstices between the several pieces of root before mentioned with
a composition of glue and sawdust obtained in working the rajah root
until the entire handle has a uniform surface. When hard the handle
is smoothed and then polished.
AN IMPROVED INKSTAND
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Etienne D'Artois at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1869.
ETIENNE D'ARTOIS, 67, Charlotte St., Fitzroy Square, London, County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED INKSTAND," to be as follows:-
I give to my inkstand the form of a gun, though it can be done in any
other shape, but I find this is preferable. The inside of the gun is a
glass tube which is closed at one end in a rather conical form. At half of
an inch over that end and perpendicular to it the glass is pulled in so as
to form a cone filling very near all the diameter of the tube; the bottom
of that cone is terminated with a small hole giving communication inside
the tube; the other end of the tube is quite open in its diameter to
receive the ink, and is after that corked or sealed very thight. This
being done the tube is surrounded with a plastic stuff, wood, or any kind
of metal or stuff which has received before the form of a gun, where the
touch-hole is to correspond to the perpendicular cone of the tube. The
gun has on each side a shoulder so disposed as to keep it in equilibre on
its mount, but they ought to be placed so as to leave a slight overweight

page_text: on the breach end to let it touch the upper surface of the stand; then
the ink fills up the cone or touch-hole. The upper part of the mount
bears a piece of cork or india-rubber. The stand has on two sides two
clutches set on to receive the pen, the middle of which catches in.being
put on the mouth end of the gun and makes the touch-hole lean against
the cork fixed on the top of the mount, so the ink is always without any
trouble kept clean and cool, the inkstand being itself corked,
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TREATING AND SOFTENING JUTE, HAMP, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Webster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
January 1869.
I, WILLIAM WEBSTER, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TREATING AND SOFTENING JUTE, HAMP, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for
treating jute, hemp, flax, and other fibrous substances, and it is appli-
cable to any existing machinery used for softening or rolling such fibrous
substances.
The apparatus consists of a tube which is placed across the machine
above the softening and breaking-up rollers, and supported at each end
by brackets attached to the framing of the machine or in any other con-
venient manner. A valve box is situated in the centre of the pipe and
fitted with a valve at each end, by means of which communication with
each section of the tube is cut off when the machine is not operating.

page_text: The valves are fitted with long spindles or rods which pass through
the tube at each side of the machine, each end of the tube being fitted
with a suitable gland and stuffing box. A coiled, spiral, or other spring.
is placed in the valve box between the valves so as to keep them closed
on their seats when the machine is not operating, and when the machine
is operating the valves are opened by inclined bars or wedges which
are fitted to the bearing blocks of the softening rollers. In proportion to
the quantity of jute, hemp, flax, or other fibrous material which is
passing through the machine the rollers are raised more or less, and the
inclined bars or wedges act against the ends of the valve rods or spindles
and push back the valves, and the oil, water, or other softening liquid
which is contained in a tank placed above the machine and connected to
the valve box escapes through the valve openings into the respective
sections of the tube tube, which is perforated on the under side, thus
permitting the oil or water to drop upon the jute, flax, hemp, or other
fibrous material which may be passing through the machine. To prevent
any grit or solid matter which may be in the softening liquid or liquids
from passing into the valve box a rose or wire gauze strainer is placed
over the exit pipe in the tank or reservoir. As the valves are independent
of each other no waste of oil or softening liquid is permitted, although
fibre may only be passing through one side of the machine, as the valves
are pushed back in proportion to the height which the bearing block at
each end of the roller is raised.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STEAMING AND COMPRESSING TOBACCO
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bownes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1869.
I, JAMES BOWNES, of Mansfield, in the County of Nottingham,
Tobacco Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STEAMING AND
COMPRESSING TOBACCO," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
combined apparatus for steaming and compressing tobacco, and consists
in the employment for that purpose of a steam jacketted cylinder
mounted upon a suitable supporting surface, and provided internally
with a pressing piston, which works from below upwards. The tobacco
to be operated upon is introduced into the open top of the cylinder,
and rests upon the surface of the piston. A pressing plate is then
screwed on to the open top of the cylinder, and steam is admitted into
and amongst the tobacco by a steam pipe and stop-cock for that purpose,
so as to thoroughly steam or cure the tobacco; suitable vent pipes for
the escape of the steam and air from the cylinder are provided, and

page_text: the pressure is applied to the tobacco by forcing up the piston by means
of racks and pinions, or otherwise, the edges of the piston being grooved
or fluted to allow the air and steam to escape from the tobacco as the
piston rises and the pressure increases. During the time of compression
or otherwise steam is admitted by pipes and stop-cocks for the purpose
into the jacket which surrounds the cylinder, and thus keeps the
cylinder and tobacco hot. It is proposed sometimes to supply a number
of successive charges of tobacco into the cylinder, and to compress cach
charge in conjunction with the rest, in which case I introduce between
each charge a separating plate, which is fluted or perforated to allow of
the free circulation of the steam through the several layers or charges of
tobacco. The pressed and steamed tobacco is discharged from the press
by first removing the top, or cover plate, and then forcing upwards the
piston which expels the tobacco through the open mouth of the cylinder.
In lieu of using a cylindrical receptacle with the piston working from
below a rectangular or other shaped one may be employed jacketted on
all sides, and provided with doors for the introduction and removal of
the tobacco, the pressing piston working either from the top or bottom
of such receptacle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STENCH TRAPS
Year: 1869

page_text: January 1869.
I, JAMES MANSERGH, of 8, Westminster Chambers, in the City of
Westminster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STENCH TRAPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object,-
First. The prevention of sewer gases from entering the house from the
drains.
Secondly. Combining in one apparatus a ventilator for the drain, a
yard gully, and a second or independent trap for any waste pipe from
the house.
This apparatus, herein-after called a gully, consists of a vessel of
iron, clay, or other material to be placed outside a house or dwelling in
any convenient position for the attachment of a waste pipe or pipes
leading from the sinkstone or other place. Three sockets, pipes, or
openings are formed in the gully, two at the top and one at the side..
The opening at the side is for the purpose of attaching the gully to a.
pipe drain conveying the refuse of the house to the main sewer. At the

page_text: same end, but at the top of the gully, is formed another opening, to
which may be attached air-tight an ordinary water down spout or other
pipe to act as a ventilator for the house drain, and to prevent the sewer
gases from being put under pressure. A diaphragm is formed across the
gully, and in the top part extending the full width of the gully and
below the bottom of the outlet pipe or drain, thus making an ordinary
water stench trap. In the upper part of the gully, and at the side
opposite the house drain pipe, is placed an open movable grating to
allow of the ingress of the surface water from the yard or place where
the gully may be situated, and for the removal of any deposit which may
accumulate in the bottom of the gully. At the end of the gully which
is furthest from the drain and beyond the grating is formed a smaller
vessel trapped in a similar way to that of the lower part of the gully,
with an opening or provision for attaching the waste pipe or pipes from
the sinkstone or any other place.
That my Invention may be clearly defined I have prepared one Sheet
of Drawings hereinto annexed, the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts throughout corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 represents a plan of the gully; Figure 2, a longitudinal
vertical section; Figure 3, a transverse vertical section; Figuro 4, a 2
general plan, showing the application of the gully to a house drain and a
sinkstone; and Figure 5, an end elevation of the same.
a is the place of attachment of a waste pipe; b, that of a ventilating
pipe; c, the grating; d, a diaphragm; e, a water trap; f, the place of
attachment for the drain pipe; g, a sinkstone; h, a ventilating pipe; 2
and i, a portion of a wall.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be carried into effect, I would observe that which I
consider to be novel and claim as the original Inventor,-
First. The mode of intercepting the sewer gases from entering the 3
house, as herein-before described.
Secondly. Combining in one apparatus a double stench trap and a
grating and a ventilator, as herein-before described and illustrated.
"
In- PROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF PUMPS TO. ARTESIAN WELLS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Chapman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
July 1869.
I, CHARLES CHAPMAN, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, En-
gineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF PUMPS TO. ARTESIAN WELLS," to be as
follows:-
When a hole has been bored into the earth through the water-bearing
strata the water will rise in the said bore hole to the level of the water
supply of the district in which the hole is bored, as in artesian wells
of the ordinary construction: Now my Invention consists in increasing
the supply of artesian wells by the application thereto of pump of any
suitable description.
In performing my Invention I take a pipe or a series of pipes rather
more in diameter than the bore hole of the artesian well, and I force this
pipe or series of pipes into the said bore hole until the lower end of
the pipe is forced into the rock or water-bearing strata. To the upper
end of the pipe I connect a pump or pumps of any description, whereby

page_text: the water is drawn direct from the artesian well. By this means the
quantity of water delivered is increased in proportion to the size and
speed of the pump or pumps, whereas in artesian wells of the usual
construction the supply is limited to the flow of the water into the
receptacle at the top of the bore hole.
AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS TO BE ADAPTED TO RAILROAD CARRIAGES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASSISTING IN RETARDING THEIR PROGRESS WHEN DESIRED, AND ALSO FOR ASSISTING IN STARTING A TRAIN AFTER A STOPPAGE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Franklin Prestage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
September 1869.
I, FRANKLIN PRESTAGE, of Gresham Street, in the City of London,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS TO BE ADAPTED TO RAILROAD
CARRIAGES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASSISTING IN RETARDING THEIR PROGRESS WHEN
DESIRED, AND ALSO FOR ASSISTING IN STARTING A TRAIN AFTER A STOPPAGE," to be
as follows:-
It is well known that considerable power is required to arrest the
progress of a railway train when at a high speed, and also that great power
is required to start a heavy train from a state of rest.
The object of my Invention is, in the first place, to assist in bringing
the train to a stand by causing some of the running wheels to wind up
one or more strong coiled springs, which will offer considerable resistance
and will require much power to overcome their tension, and second to
store up the power thus exerted, so that it may be rendered available
to assist in starting the train again. To this end I adapt to the axles

page_text: of one or more pairs of the running wheels a cylinder or barrel provided
with a very powerful coiled spring, and carrying at each end half a
clutch which will take into corresponding half clutches which are con-
nected with and are carried round with the wheels. When the train is
moving forward and no break power is required neither clutch will be
in gear, but when it is required to stop or retard a train one of the
clutches is thrown into gear and will thus wind up the spring and will
thereby store up the power. When the train is to be started again the
other clutch is to be thrown into gear and the first clutch released; the
spring will then unwind and in so doing will assist in propelling the
wheels and moving the train forward.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Holding at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1869.
I, JOSEPH HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mill
Furnisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates,-
First. To the temple," which is that part of the loom employed
for distending the traverse tention of the cloth across the loom
during manufacture, and the improvement consists in extending
the centers between the back and front rollers of the present two
roller "temple," for example, placing one roller on the ordinary pin
supported by the "temple bar," and the other parallel with the first
roller on a pin conveniently situated near the breast beam, over these
rollers an endless "card," strip of leather, or other material is placed,
from which "card" teeth, pins, or other similar points project; these
teeth or points by reason of the cloth passing over them during
manufacture constantly present themselves to the surface, thereby

page_text: keeping the cloth the full width across the selvages from the point of
'closing up" to the "breast beam."
Secondly. The improvements relate to a new and improved arrange-
ment and adaptation of mechanism to be employed in connection
with the "reed" for slowly raising and lowering the same during the
time the warp yarns are passing between the "reed dents," making
them thereby more durable. This is accomplished by connecting the
weighted levers of the cloth roller with the under frame of the reed in
the "lathe" by elbow levers and connecting rods that will allow the
"lathe swort" freely to vibrate, the position of the rods and levers being
such that when a "cut" is just commenced weaving the "reed" will
be in its highest position in the "lathe," and will begin gradually and
slowly to lower therein as the manufactured cloth increases upon the
cloth roller, such lowering motion being transmitted thereto from the
weighted cloth lever through the medium of the elbow levers and rods
aforesaid.
Lastly. The Invention relates to that portion of the loom known as
the "glass" fly, which is the surface usually composed of board between
the shuttle boxes over which the warp threads pass; this surface when
made of glass in contradistinction to wood is arranged so as to receive
a plate of glass in a recess flush with the upper surface of the lathe
which is secured therein by means of dovetailed, wedged, or other
shaped pieces of india-rubber or other similar yielding material that
will admit of a slight amount of contraction or expansion to the "glass
fly."
IMPROVEMENTS EN COMPOUND ROTARY BLOWING FANS FOR PRODUCING A COMPOUND BLAST OF HIGH DENSITY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Aland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
February 1869.
İ, HENRY ALAND, Iron Founder, of 18, Richard Street, Roupall Street,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS EN COMPOUND ROTARY BLOWING FANS FOR
PRODUCING A COMPOUND BLAST OF HIGH DENSITY," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a simple and effective form
of case for the application of combined rotary blowing fans for producing
a compound blast of high density, which said case may be made capable
of carrying one, two, three, or more fans on one and the same spindle.
The method by which I propose to obtain the above object is by intro-
ducing a vertical partition or partitions with central openings in one fan
case, thus forming separate fan chambers with inlet openings into their
respective fans. The case, which is composed of two parts jointed by
means of horizontal flanges bolted together, will, by the removal of the
upper part, afford easy access to the whole of the fans, or of their entire
removal when necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO KEYHOLE PLATES AND ESCUTCHEONS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Godfrey Gumpel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st January 1869.
I, CHARLES GODPREY GUMPEL, of Leicester Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO KEYHOLE PLATES AND ESCUTCHEONS," to be as
follows:-
A keyhole plate and escutcheon constructed according to my
Invention is as heretofore a plate of metal or other suitable material
provided with screw or pin holes or other means for securing it to the
door, drawer, or other thing to which it is to be applied, but the keyhole
in such plates has a small portion cut away or provision for allowing.
tho escutcheon to be shifted out of the way clear of the keyhole, thus
allowing play for a pin or connecting piece connected to the escutcheon
and also to a slide working at the back or inner surface of the keyhole
plate, which surface has guides for such slide to work in. By these
arrangements the use of a swinging escutcheon or one sliding in guides
outside the keyhole plate is dispensed with.

page_text: In some cases I could apply a spring to cause the escutcheon to
resume its original position over the keyhole after the key has been
used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING LITHOGRAPHIC COMPOSITIONS OR PRINTING SURFACES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard
Mills at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 8th June 1869.-A communication from abroad
by Charles Auguste Barthélémy Loire, of 91, Rue St. Honoré,
Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of 35, Southampton Buildings,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING LITHOGRAPHIC
COMPOSITIONS OR PRINTING SURFACES," a communication to me from abroad
by Charles Auguste Barthélémy Loire, of 91, Rue St. Honoré, Paris, in
the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
On
The Invention has for its object improvements in obtaining litho-
graphic compositions or printing surfaces. For this purpose type are
employed which differ from those usually employed in letter-press
printing in that their upper surfaces are flat and not in relief.
this surface the letter, figure, sign, ornament, or other design to be
employed is recessed as in ordinary engraved plates. Each of these
type is in the form of a small block which may be of metal or of other

page_text: material, and sometimes these blocks are provided with one or several
words or figures. These type are taken one by one as required to form
the desired composition by placing them in lines in a form upon a flat
surface in a similar manner to that employed when setting up ordinary
type. The spaces of the form are filled by small blocks of the same
height as the type, but having no engraving thereon. The form when
completed is in effect an engraved plate. This plate or form is then
inked as is done with ordinary engraved plates and proofs are struck off,
which are afterwards laid down and transferred to the lithographic
stones as is well understood, such stones being then used for printing
in the ordinary manner used in lithography. By these means
lithographic composition can be prepared without the aid of litho-
graphic writers, and the necessity for storing a number of stones is
obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRE RAIL LOCOMOTIVES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Patrick Stewart and
John Kershaw at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th September 1869.
We, CHARLES PATRICK STEWART and JOHN KERSHAW, both of the
Atlas Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CENTRE RAIL LOCOMOTIVES," to be as follows:-
Firstly. Our Invention relates to arrangements and combinations of
mechanism for driving the gripping wheels of centre rail locomotives,
by which connecting and coupling rods are dispensed with, and the
gripping wheel axles are left entirely free to movements to and from
the centre rail without causing any irregular or undue strains upon the
driving mechanism; and our improvements consist in driving the
gripping wheels, whether consisting of one, two, or more pairs of wheels,
by two frames or cross heads, one frame or cross head for each set of
cranks, working at right angles. These frames or cross heads are fitted to
reciprocate in suitable slides or guides, and have as many slots in them
as there are cranks to be driven, the lengthway of each slot being at a

page_text: right angle to the direction in which the frame or cross head moves, and
in each slot a block without flanges is fitted to slide lengthway of the
slot, this slide block fitting upon the crank pin to be driven. Con-
sequently when reciprocating motion is imparted to the frames or cross
heads, the cranks of each pair of gripping wheels are rotated, and the
crank slide blocks reciprocate in their slots at the same time. The
weight of the frames or cross heads and other connected parts are
balanced by counterweights applied to the cranks of the gripping
wheel axles. We actuate each of the two frames or cross heads by a
separate central cylinder, one placed over the other, or by other suitable
arrangement of cylinders or mechanism. To reduce the overhang of the
cranks both for the gripping and carrying wheel axles, and get the
cylinders closer to the framing in the case of outside cylinder engines,
we form the cranks and secure them on the ends of the axles so that the
boss part of the cranks will form the bearings for the axles.
Secondly. Our improvements relate to centre rail engines having a
separate set of cylinders for driving the carrying and gripping wheel
axles, and our object is to arrange the exhaust from each set of cylinders.
so as to obtain a "blast" as uniform and perfect as possible in this
class of engine; and our improvements consist in causing the blast pipe
of one set of cylinders to surround and be independent of the blast pipe
of the other set of cylinders, and thus maintain as uniform a blast as
possible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REMOVING HAIR FROM SKINS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th April 1869.-A communication from abroad by Emile Etienne
Auguste Galibert, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REMOVING HAIR FROM SKINS," a com-
munication from abroad by Emile Etienne Auguste Galibert, of Paris, in
the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the rotatory knives or shearers for removing
hair from skins, and consists essentially in the employment of thin
flexible straight blades, which are sprung into helicoidal grooves or seats
made in the surface of the carrying drum or cylinder, and are held in
position by means of bolts and counterplates. The knife blades are
made of an undulated form on the back edge, the hollows of the undu-
lations receiving the bolts, whilst the projections serve to form a proper

page_text: holding surface which is pressed upon by the counterplate. A projecting
lug is formed on each end of the back edge of the blade to facilitate its
adjustment, which is effected by tapping it with a hammer after the
bolts have been slackened a little.