IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, OR AN IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT
Year: 1852

page_text: "
Road, London, in the County of Middlesex, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, OR AN IMPROVED
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT," bearing date the First day of October,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, to which Letters Patent
a Specification was duly filed on the First day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the Patentee of the said Royal Letters Patent according to
the Statute in that case made and provided.
WHEREAS in the Specification filed to the said Royal Letters Patent the
claim therein made expresses itself in the following words:"Having
"described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the same is
"to be performed, I claim the method described of tilling or turning up the
ground by means of tynes or prongs projecting from a rotatory cylinder, as
"herein-before set forth :" And whereas since the granting of the said Royal
Letters Patent I, the said Thomas Lawes, have discovered that the said words
are liable to misinterpretation, and that they convey other than the micaning I
intended them to do. I wish to disclaim them, and to have them removed
altogether from the said Specification, in order that no misconception, double

page_text: My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of agricultural imple-
ments or an improved agricultural implement refers to a plough or instrument
whereby to dig or turn up the earth, as herein-after described. This machine
consists of a cylinder or roller of iron or other suitable material, on and around
the whole circumference of which a quantity of tynes are fixed through holes
with screws and nuts.
Figure 1. A, A, drum or roller.
B, B, supports on each end bearing an axle.
C, C, rails extending across roller-connecting B, B..
D, D, tynes fixed to periphery of roller A.
E, E, cleaners between each tyne-D, D...
F, F, springs from supports C, C, to E, E, pressing E, E, close to the roller.
G, shafts for horse.
H, H, platform for raising machine out of ground.
I, roller, to which platform II is attached by chains for that purpose.
The tynes D, D, project from the surface of the roller A, A, the necessary
length to dig the earth the required depth; the tynes D, D, extend the whole
length of the roller A, and are placed about two or three inches apart, giving
one row of tynes the appearance of a broad digging fork or hop spood, the
several series of which are placed in rows one behind the other throughout
the surface of the roller. The machine is put in motion by pulling the roller A
over the ground by horse power or otherwise in the usual manner, and as the
same revolves the rows of tynes D, D, will penetrate into the earth in
succession. The weight of the roller is sufficient to cause the tynes to enter
their full length, and which by the motion of the roller will raise the earth in
a manner somewhat similar to digging with the implement before mentioned.
Between each tyne is suspended to a rail C above a piece of iron E, (seen
separately at Figure 2,) fitting and filling the curved space on the roller A
between each tyne, so as to free the roller and tynes from the earth which is
carried up and as constantly thrown off by the action of the cleaners E, E, on
the revolving roller. The cleaners are kept close to the surface of the roller
by springs F, F, as seen in Drawing annexed. Figure 3 shews an end
view of roller A; and Figure 4; a back view of the same, in part shewing more
clearly the action of cleaners.
In order to vary the weight of the roller to suit the nature of the ground
it must be weighted sufficiently to cause the tynes to penetrate their full length
either in hard or soft earth. I effect this by hanging weights on the shaft

page_text: inside the roller; all which will be shewn more clearly by reference to the
annexed Drawing.
When it is necessary to turn at the end of the field the tynes must be lifted
out of the earth, and for that purpose a platform or double skid, shewn at
H, H, (one at either side) is attached to chains, which are attached to a roller I,
resting on the shafts in front of the machine. By allowing the chains to run
out their full length whilst the machine is in motion each end of the roller will
be drawn up the inclined part of the platform or skids, and rest thereon whilst
turning round. These skids being deeper than the length of the tyne they are
thus withdrawn from the ground.
By running the machine a little backwards off the platform it may be
drawn up by the roller I, and hang suspended thereto; the tynes will re-enter
the earth and begin their work again; this will be necessary to repeat at each
turn in the field. The drawing up of the machine on the platform, and taking
it off again, is performed precisely in the same manner as dropping a scid
under a coach wheel, taking it out and starting the coach again. This plan
of lifting the tynes D, D, out of the ground adapted to the machine I have
marle, but probably it may not be the best method, as the same operation may
be performed by many mechanical contrivances.
These machines may be made of any convenient diameter or length, and the
tynes placed at the proper distances necessary to dig the earth effectually, as
above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Lawes, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of August, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-five.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Lawes, of 32, City Road, London,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, OR AN
IMPROVED A CRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Lawes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st October 1852.
I, THOMAS LAWES, of 32, City Road, London, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, OR
AN IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT," to be as follows; namely,
To plough or dig the earth by a machine described as underneath.
The machine is an iron circular roller made in the usual manner, on
and around the whole circumference of which a quantity of tynes are
fixed through holes with screws and nuts.
The tynes project from the surface of the roller the necessary
length to dig the earth any required depth; they are placed also at the
required distance for the proper width of an ordinary ploughed furrow;

page_text: so arranged and fixed, they extend the whole length of the roller about
2 or 3 inches apart so as to form the appearance of digging forks or
hop spuds placed in rows one behind the other, which in fact is the
work this machine is intended to perform; it is put in motion by
pulling the roller round by horse power or otherwise in the usual
manner, and as the same revolves the tynes in succession will penetrate
the earth the requisite depth and thickness, and thus remove the earth
in exactly the same manner as a man does in digging with a similar
instrument.
Between each tyne is suspended to a rail above a piece of iron
filling the space between each tyne so as to keep the roller and tynes
free and clean from earth and dirt, which is constantly thrown off by
the action of the cleaners on the revolving roller. These cleaners are
kept close to the surface of the roller by springs, as seen in Drawing
annexed. The roller must be weighted sufficiently to cause the tynes
to penetrate their full length according to the hard or soft state of the
earth, and this is done by hanging weights on projections from the
shaft inside the roller, all which will be shown more clearly by reference
to the annexed Drawing.
Figure 1. A, drum or roller.
B, B, supports at each end bearing on axle and shaft.
C. C, rails extending across roller connecting B, B.
D, D, tynes fixed to sides of roller.
E, E, cleaners between each tyne D, D.
F, F, springs from supports C, to E, pressing E, E, close to roller.
G, shafts to horse.
These machines may be made of any diameter or length required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Lawes in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 1st Annil 10:9

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Lawes, Her special licence
that I, the said Thomas Lawes, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Lawes, executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the termi
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, and Her Majesty's Colonies, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AGRICULTURAL
IMPLEMENTS, OR AN IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Lawes, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Lawes, do hereby
leclare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the sheet
of Drawings hereunto annexed (that is to say):
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of agricultural
implements, or an improved agricultural implement, refers to a plough.
or instrument whereby to dig or turn up the earth as herein-after
described. This machine consists of cylinder or roller of iron or other
suitable material, on and around the whole circumference of which a
quantity of tynes are fixed through holes with screws and nuts.
Figure 1. A, A, drum or roller.
B. B, supports on each end bearing on axle.
C, C, rails extending across roller connecting B, B.
D, D, tynes fixed to periphery of roller A.

page_text: E, E, cleaners between each.tyne D, D.
F, F, springs, from supports C, C, to E, E, pressing E, E, close to
the roller.
G, shafts for horse.
H, H, platform for raising machine out of ground.
.:
I, roller, to which platform H, is, attached by chains for that
purpose.
roller' A, A, the
The tynes D, D, project from the surface of the
necessary length to dig the earth the required depth. The tynes D, D,
extend the whole-length of the roller A, and are placed about two or
three inches apart, giving one.row of tynes. the appearance of a broad
digging fork or hop spood, the several series of which are placed in
rows one behind the other throughout the surface of the roller. The
machine is put in motion by pulling the roller A, over the ground by
horse power or otherwise in the usual manner, and as the same révolves
the rows of tynes D, D, will penetrate into the earth in succession:
The weight of the roller is sufficient to cause the tynes to enter their
full length, and which by the motion of the roller will raise the earth
in a manner somewhat similar to digging with the implement before
mentioned.
.
Between each tyne is suspended to a rail C, above a piece of iron E,
(seen separately at Figure 2,) fitting and filling the curved space on
the roller A, between each tyne, so as to free the roller and tynes from
the earth, which is carried up and as constantly thrown off by the
action of the cleaners E, E, on the revolving roller. The cleaners are
kept close to the surface of the roller by springs F, F, as seen in Draw-
ing annexed. Figure 3, shews an end view of roller A; and Figure 4,
a back view of the same in part, shewing more clearly the action of
cleaners.
In order to vary the weight of the roller to suit the nature of the
ground it must be weighted sufficiently to cause the tynes to penetrate
their full length either in hard or soft earth. I effect this .by hanging
weights on the shaft inside the roller, all which will be shewn more
clearly by reference to the annexed Drawing:
When it is necessary to turn at the end of the field the tynes must

page_text: be lifted out of the earth, and for that purpose a platform or double
skid, shewn at H, H, (one at either side) is attached to chains which
are attached to a roller I, resting on the shafts in front of the machine;
by allowing the chains to run out their full length whilst the machine
is in motion each end of the roller will be drawn up the inclined part
of the platform or skids, and rest thereon whilst turning round. These
skids being deeper than the length of tyne they are thus withdrawn
from the ground.
By running the machine a little backwards off the platform it may
be drawn up by the roller I, and hang suspended thereto; the tynes
will re-enter the earth, and begin their work again; this will be
necessary to repeat at each turn in the field; the drawing up of the
machine on the platform, and taking it off again, is performed precisely
in the same manner as dropping a scid under a coach wheel, taking
it out, and starting the coach again. This plan of lifting the tynes D, D,
out of the ground adapted to the machine I have made, but pro-
bably it may not be the best method, as the same operation may be
performed by many mechanical contrivances.
These machines may be made of any convenient diameter or length,
and the tynes placed at the proper distances necessary to dig the earth
effectually, as above described.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which it is to be performed, I claim the method described of tilling or
turning up the ground by means of tynes or prongs projecting from a
rotating cylinder, as herein-before set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Lawes, have hereunto set
my hand & seal, this First day of April, One thousand eight
hundred fifty-three.
THOMAS LAWES. (L.S.)