Improvements in Pistons for Door Checks and for other like purposes.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 24th Dec., 1892-Accepted, 28th Jan., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pistons for Door Checks and for other like
purposes.
We, SAMUEL HILL, of 260 New John Street West, Cabinet Bar Fitter, and
ROWLAND HODGES, of 12 Frederick Street, Brassfounder, both in the City of
Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manner in which we construct pistons for working
in connection with hydraulic cylinders, used for door checking purposes or closing
buffers, or for other purposes, whereby we are enabled to dispense with perishable
packing at present employed for keeping such pistons tight and preventing
leakage.
In carrying our invention into effect when constructing a door closing spring and
check having the cylinder and spring arranged in the manner set forth in our
Specification No. 16301 of 1889 for which invention a Patent has been granted to us,
we arrange within the cylinder our improved piston which we connect to our piston
rod in any ordinary manner. This piston we form as a hollow cylinder having one
end tubular, and the other end arranged with a conical seat to receive a piston valve
plug. This plug we cause to fit at its outer end the bore of the cylinder in which
the piston works, and we form upon it a tapered or conical bearing piece having a
stud or projecting pin connected to or formed upon its smaller end. This projecting
pin we cause to pass through a hole arranged in the piston, the hole being of larger
diameter than the pin for permitting a free passage of the liquid through the same.
Upon the outer end of the pin we place a cotter or perforated washer for
preventing the pin being drawn right through the hole out of the piston. We cut
a channel or slot through the tubular piston in diagonal form from end to end for
permitting the water to pass from one side of the piston to the other, and also for
causing the piston to expand, and we prefer to reduce the bearing surface of the
piston plug within the cylinder by cutting grooves or channels upon the portion
fitting the cylinder.
By this our improved construction of piston we are enabled to withdraw the
piston connected to the spring operating lever in a rapid manner seeing that the
first movement of the piston rod causes the piston plug to be withdrawn from
its conical seat, to an extent controlled by the cotter or washer connected to its
projecting pin. This action permitting the water or liquid to freely escape from
the front of the piston around the valve plug, then through the hole or holes to the
back end of the cylinder; while when the piston is forced backwards under the
influence of the spring impelling the closing of the door, the plug is first thrust on
to its seat within the piston, and then the piston itself urged forward, the tubular
end being caused to expand by reason of its split passage and the liquid allowed to
escape from the one side of the piston to the other at a rate controlled by the
diagonal passage or groove cut within or across the circumference of the piston.
We apply our improved piston to hydraulic cylinder checks or recoil buffers of
any particular form, and for purposes other than for checking or retarding the
slamming or the rapid closing of the doors.
We employ water or any other suitable liquid to work within our hydraulic
cylinder, and we construct the piston of metal or any other suitable material.
We do not limit the application of our improved form of piston or plunger to the
particular purpose herein before described, but apply the same essential feature of
construction when arranging our improved pistons for use in any cylinder for

page_text: ordinary purposes where it may be desirable to dispense with ordinary packing as
at present employed to prevent leakage.
Dated this 24th day of March 1892.
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pistons for Door Checks and for other like
purposes.
We, SAMUEL HILL, of 260 New John Street West, Cabinet Bar Fitter, and
ROWLAND HODGES, of 12 Frederick Street, Brassfounder, both in the City of
Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manner in which we construct pistons for working
in connection with hydraulic cylinders, used for door checking purposes or closing
buffers or for other purposes, whereby we are enabled to dispense with perishable
packing at present employed for keeping such pistons tight and preventing
leakage.
In carrying our invention into effect when constructing a door closing spring and
check having the cylinder and spring arranged in the manner set forth in our
Specification No. 16301 of 1889 for which invention a Patent has been granted to
us, we arrange within the cylinder our improved piston which we connect to our
piston rod in any ordinary manner.
In the accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings-
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of our improved piston arranged to suit a
swivelling or moving cylinder for use with levers employed with springs for closing
ordinary doors.
Figure 2 is a plan and Figure 3 is an end elevation of the same.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of our improved piston when fitted to a swinging
door having our improved springs and hinges fitted thereto; and Figure 5 is a plan
of the same.
Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 are detail views of our piston and valve and
Figure 10 and Figure 11 are detail views of the cylinder showing the cutting
away of the body at the open end in order to permit of a good length of travel
being obtained by the piston connecting rod crosshead.
Our improved piston we form as a hollow cylinder A having one end A¹ tubular,
and the other end A2 arranged with a conical seat a to receive a piston valve
plug This plug B we cause to fit at its outer end B the bore of the cylinder C
in which the piston works, and we form upon it a tapered or couical bearing piece b
having a stud or projecting pin connected to or formed upon its smaller end.
This projecting pin we cause to pass through a hole arranged in the piston, the
hole being of larger diameter than the pin for permitting a free passage of the
liquid through the same. Upon the outer end of the pin or screw 6 we place a
cotter or perforated washer D (Figure 7), for preventing the conical bearing
piece 6 being drawn right through the hole a out of the piston. We cut grooves or
holes din the washer for allowing the free passage of the liquid when the plug is not
seated in the conical hole. We cut a channel or slot A³ through the tubular piston
preferably in diagonal or inclined form, from end to end, for permitting the water
or other liquid to pass from one side of the piston to the other, and also for causing
the piston to expand.
By this our improved construction of piston we are enabled to withdraw the
piston connected to the spring operating lever or hinge plate lever E' in a rapid
manner seeing that the first moveinent of the piston rod F causes the piston plug b

page_text: to be withdrawn from its conical seat a, to an extent controlled by the cotter or
washer D (Figure 7) connected or carried by its projecting or end stud pin b.
This action permitting the water or liquid to freely escape from the front C³ of the
piston around the valve plug a, b then through the hole or holes B' and d to
the back end of the cylinder C³; while when the piston is forced backwards under
the influence of the spring, G, impelling the closing of the door, the plug 6 is first
thrust on its seat a within the piston, and then the piston itself A, A' is urged
forward, the tubular end A' being caused to expand by reason of its split
passage A3 or A4 and the liquid allowed to escape from the one side C³ of the
piston to the other C2 at a rate controlled by the diagonal or other passages or
grooves A³ A cut within or across the circumference of the piston.
We apply our
improved piston to hydraulic cylinder checks or recoil buffers of any particular
form, and for purposes other than that for checking or retarding the slamming or
the rapid closing of the doors.
When arranging our improved pistons and cylinders to work in connection with
spring hinges for swing doors, constructed in the manner set forth in the Specification
of our Patent No. 9457 of 1887, we arrange the hydraulic cylinder C in a line
parallel to or concentric with the spring G and we cause it to thrust upon or be
thrust by the lever or shoe tail E actuated by the pivot or axis H of the door
shoe K, as shown in Figures 4, 5, 10 and 11.
In this manner we provide a spring G to close the door and a hydraulic
check A B C to regulate its action. We adjust the tension of the spring G by
means of a nut L carried on the end of the cylinder C, a lug or bar M being
arranged on the cap or cover to fit into a keep plate N to prevent the cylinder
itself from turning, and we guide the spring G by a suitable fork or arms O as
shown at Figure 5. We place a cover plate or cap over the whole casing or box P
in order to enclose the liquid within it.
We employ water, oil, or other suitable liquid to work within our hydraulic
cylinders C, Č¹, and we construct the piston of metal or other suitable material.
The check and cylinder may be used and arranged to work in an upright or
angular position.
We do not limit the application of our improved form of piston or plunger to the
particular purpose hereinbefore described, but apply the same essential features of
construction when arranging our improved piston for use in any cylinder for ordinary
punp or other purposes where it may be desirable to dispense with ordinary
packing as at present employed to prevent leakage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The construction and arrangement of pistons for door checking appliances
substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
2. The construction of expanding tubular pistons such as A' A³ for use in
hydraulic cylinders, substantially as herein before described and as illustrated in
Figures 1, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
3. The construction of pistons for use in cylinders in which liquid is to be
employed for checking or dash pot purposes, having one portion or plug such as B
capable of being drawn slightly away from a companion portion such as A
substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and as illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 23rd day of December 1892
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicants.