Method of and Means for Regulating Internal Combustion Motors.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Mar., 1898
Complete Specification Left. 14th Dec. 1898 Accented 30th June 1800
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Method of and Means for Regulating Internal Combustion Motors.
I, RUDOLF DIESEL, of No. 2, Schackstrasse, Munich, Bavaria, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In all internal combustion motors which compress a combustible mixture that
is ignited in any manner near the dead centre of the compressing pistons stroke,
the rate at which the combustion is effected is not controlled, that is, it is not
subjected to any regulation from without.
This circumstance gives rise in some cases to serious disadvantages. In par-
ticular the regulation of such motors is effected with difficulty.
If the regulation is to be effected by varying the composition of the combustible
mixture, then with one and the same mode of ignition, in the case of rich mix-
tures (full load) these often ignite too suddenly and violently; poor mixtures (for
small loads) ignite too slowly and gradually, because the rapidity of transmission
of the ignition varies between very wide limits with different proportions of
admixture.
Therefore, according to the combustible mixture employed a different rate of
combustion ensues after ignition, and which could not be controlled hitherto.
If on the other hand such motors are regulated by varying the quantity of gas-
eous mixture for the charges, while the proportion of admixture remains constant,
the degree of compression and temperature attained will vary with the volume
of the charge, and as the rate of transmission of ignition is also dependent upon
these two factors, there will again be a different rate of combustion for each varia-
tion of load.
As however the economical working of the motor is dependent upon the rate at
which the combustion takes place after ignition, it is obviously of importance to
be able to control this rate of combustion during the continuance thereof so that
it shall occur in the most advantageous manner.
The present invention has for its object to effect the regulation of combustion
motors of the class above referred to, by influencing the combustion period follow-
ing upon the ignition, during its entire course by external means.
This method of regulation consists in introducing into the compressed working
mixture near the dead centre of the instroke a different combustible (which may be
either solid, liquid, gaseous or vapour, or mixtures of these kinds, also mixed
with air) according to determined rates, controlled by the regulating gear, the
commencement of the introduction being either coincident with the moment of
ignition, or not, according to existing circumstances..
The rate at which the combustion takes place is dependent upon the rate at
which the introduction of the secondary combustible is effected, that is, upon the
external regulation.
Thus if in a combustion motor, by the ordinary mode of ignition a slow rate
of combustion takes place, then if a charge of secondary combustible be intro-
duced slowly by the external regulating gear, the rate of combustion will only

page_text: be slightly modified; on the other hand, a sudden injection of the secondary
combustible will produce a comparatively sudden combustion, and between these
extreme limits any desired intermediate rate of combustion can be obtained.
The above described action will be influenced by the quantity and description
of the secondary combustible employed, the pressure at which it is injected, and
the duration of the introduction.
The regulating appliances for effecting this admission of secondary combustible
may be variously arranged; thus a motor having an ordinary inlet valve for
admission of the charge and outlet valve for the combustion gases, may have a
small admission valve for the secondary combustible communicating with a chamber
into which the combustible can be directly forced under pressure, if it is liquid,
or if it is gaseous, it may be admitted to the chamber from a reservoir in which
it is stored under compression, and on its way it may have liquid or pulverulent
combustible injected into it; or the reservoir may be charged with air only and
the necessary secondary combustible be injected into it as described. Or there
may be provided two such valves as aforesaid, through one of which the liquid or
pulverulent combustible is injected while through the other gas vapour or air
is admitted so as only to mix with the former within the motor cylinder.
Whichever arrangement be employed, the duration of the admission period of
the secondary combustible, or the degree of compression thereof when entering
the motor cylinder, or both combined, will regulate the rate of combustion and
consequently the power of the motor.
The combustible contained in the working charge may possess any degree of
aggregation; the charge may be mixed with a portion of the combustion gases of
a previous charge; it can be heated before entering the motor cylinder, either by
the waste combustion gases or otherwise; the compression of the charges may be
effected in stages; its ignition may be effected in any convenient manner.
The secondary combustible can also be subjected to preliminary heating.
Dated this 30th day of March 1898.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Method of and Means for Regulating Internal Combustion Motors.
I, RUDOLF DIESEL, of No. 2, Schack Strasse, Munich, Bavaria, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In internal combustion motors wherein a combustible mixture is compressed
and ignited near the termination of the compressing pistons instroke as previously
conducted the resulting combustion is under no control that is it is not subject
to any regulation from without, a serious disadvantage rendering the governing
of such motors difficult. If the governing or regulating of internal combustion
engines of the type referred to is effected by varying the composition of the com-
bustible mixture while retaining the present system of ignition, in the case of
rich mixtures required for high loads, the ignition is too sudden and violent
whereas, with light loads and poor mixtures it is too slow and gradual, the rapidity
of propagation of the ignition varying between wide limits according to the pro-
portions of the mixture.
On the other hand if such motors are governed by varying the volume of the
charge of gaseous mixture while the proportions of the admixture remain constant,

page_text: the degree of compression and temperature attained will vary with the volume
of the charge and as the rate of propagation of ignition is dependent on these two
factors the conditions under which combustion takes place will differ with the load.
The result in both cases is that the conditions under which combustion takes
place are only rarely instead of constantly as favourable as should be.
The present invention has for its object to effect the regulation or governing
of internal combustion engines of the class under consideration by controlling,
through the agency of external means, the duration of the combustion, and the
conditions under which it takes place.
This method of regulation consists in introducing into the compressed charge,
near the termination of the pistons instroke, a combustible (which may be either
solid, liquid or gaseous or mixtures of these, also mixed with air) according to
determined proportions controlled by regulating gear, the commencement of the
introduction being either coincident with the moment of ignition or not, according
to circumstances.
The manner in which the combustion will take place and its duration, or in
other words, the form of the combustion curve in the indicator diagram will be
influenced by the quantity and kind of secondary combustible employed, the pres-
sure at which it is injected and the duration of its introduction.
Thus referring to the diagram at Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings, assu-
ming ab to be the compression curve of the gaseous charge of a motor engine,
produced by the instroke of the latter then after ignition at b in the usual way,
a gradual or creeping combustion will take place, corresponding to the curve b c¹;
if, on the other hand a secondary charge of combustible be introduced according
to my invention, such introduction being effected slowly the combustion of the
charge will be influenced thereby so as to become somewhat quicker, as represented
for instance by the curve be². If on the other hand, the introduction of the
secondary charge be effected suddenly then a corresponding sudden combustion.
of the charge will be produced, as represented, for instance, by the curve 6 ct, and
between these two extremes any desired intermediate form of combustion curve,
such as be³, can be produced.
The regulating appliances for effecting this admission of secondary combustible
can be variously arranged. Thus Fig. shews a sectional diagram of one such
arrangement, C and P being respectively the cylinder and piston of a motor
engine, E the inlet valve for air and combustible mixture. A the discharge valve
for the combustion gases. Dis is an inlet valve for the secondary or regulating
combustible; if the latter be a liquid, it can be directly introduced into the valve
chamber D', from which it is forced by suitable pressure into the compression
space of the cylinder on opening the valve D.
If the combustible is gaseous it may be supplied under pressure from a reservoir
such as L through a pipe S leading to the valve chamber D¹, the reservoir being
supplied with the gas at the requisite pressure by a pump connected at m. As
the gas passes through the pipe S it may be enriched with liquid or pulverulent
combustible from a receptacle T having a feeding device at r, which may con-
sist of a revolving plug having a cavity which is alternately filled with combustible
from T and discharges the same into S. The reservoir may also be charged with
air alone, under pressure, and the requisite amount of combustible be mixed there-
with from the device Tr as it passes along the pipe to D¹.
According to another arrangement shewn at Figs. 3 and 4, air or gas can be
supplied through a valve D and a liquid combustible be supplied through a second
valve D3, the two becoming mixed during the introduction.
Other arrangements may be employed, the above being only indicated as
examples.
Whichever arrangement be emploved, the duration of the admission period of
the secondary combustible, or the degree of compression thereof when entering
the motor cylinder, or both combined, will regulate the conditions of combustion
and consequently the power of the motor.

page_text: The pressure in the reservoir L can be regulated by providing it with a safety
valve R with sliding weight B, that can be adjusted by the rod and lever at Q.
The appliances for controlling the action of the valves for admitting the second-
ary combustible may be of any suitable known kind, worked either by hand or
automatically by a governor; as they form no part of my present invention, it
is not necessary to farther describe them..
The combustible contained in the working charge may be gaseous, liquid,
vaporous or pulverulent; the charge may be mixed with a portion of the com-
bustion gases of a previous charge; it may be heated before entering the motor
cylinder, either by the waste combustion gases or otherwise; the compression of
the charges may be effected in stages, its ignition may be effected in any convenient
manner.
The secondary combustible can also be subjected to preliminary heating.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is: —
1. The method of regulating or governing internal combustion motors, consist-
ing in introducing into the compressed and ignited combustible charge, a charge
of a secondary combustible, so that by varying the manner of its introduction
and the duration thereof, the combustion of the working charge can be correspond-
ingly varied, substantially as described.
2. In internal combustion engines, the use of means whereby a charge of secon-
dary combustible can be introduced into the working charge after its compression
and ignition, substantially as, and for the purpose described.
Dated this 14th day of December 1898.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.