IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Porter, of Manor Park, Lee, in the County
of Kent, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES."
Sealed the 9th March 1866, and dated the 20th September 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Porter at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th September 1865.
I, WILLIAM PORTER, of Manor Park, Lee, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery used in the
manufacture of bricks, and tiles, and is applicable to machines where the plastic
clay; or brick earth is expressed through moulding dies or orifices. It is pre-
ferred in carrying out this Invention to construct the machines in such
manner as to employ two pairs of expressing rollers, one pair being horizontal,
whilst the other or front pair are vertical; but the employment of the hinder
expressing rollers is not essential, as in place of them a piston or plunger or
other expressing instrument may be used, combined with the front pairs of
expressing rollers,before mentioned. In case of using two pairs of expressing
rollers to express or force plastic clay or brick earth through a moulding

page_text: orifice the binder pair of rollers are placed and work at the back of a coni-
pressing chamber leading to the moulding orifice, and they by their rotation
force the clay or brick earth into this chamber. The top and bottom of the
compressing chamber are fixed, whilst the two sides are principally composed
of or are formed by the front pair of expressing rollers. Both pairs of rollers
are driven by power at suitable surface speed to force the plastic clay or brick
earth through the moulding orifices, and such will be the case if only the
forward pair of rollers be used with other form of expressing instrument. The
moulding orifice is in advance of the pinch of the front or vertical pair of
rollers, and it diminishes in front of the rollers, so that the two vertical sides
of the moulding orifice, where the clay or brick earth escapes are nearer to
each other than the nearest or pinching surfaces of the two front-expressing
rollers. By this arrangement the clay or brick earth will by the hinder pair
of expressing rollers or other expressing instrument be forced against the two
vertical rollers forming the ends of the compressing chamber, and will by
the rotation of these two rollers be driven forward out of the chamber into
and through the moulding orifice. Scrapers are applied to each pair of rollers
to remove the clay or brick earth from their surfaces.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent; filed
by the said William Porter in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th March 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
PORTER, of Manor Park, Lee, in the County of Kent, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Porter, Her special licence that I, the said William
Porter, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Porter, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might-make,-use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY UBED
MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES," upon
IN THE

page_text: the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Porter, niy
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
5 formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar. months next, and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
:
NOW KNOW; YE,, that I, the said William Porter, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what. manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery used in the
manufacture of bricks and, tiles, and is applicable to machines where the
plastic clay or brick earth is expressed through moulding dies or orifices. It
is preferred in carrying out this Invention to construct the machines in such
manner as to employ two pairs of expressing rollers, one pair being horizontal,
whilst the other or front pair. are vertical; but tlie employment of the hinder
expressing rollers is not essential, as in place of these a piston or plunger or
other expressing instrument may be used, combined with the front pairs of
expressing rollers before mentioned. In case of using two pairs of expressing
rollers to express or force plastic clay or brick earth through a moulding
orifice the hinder pair of rollers are placed and work at the back of a com-
pressing chamber leading to the moulding orifice, and they by their rotation
force the clay or brick earth into this chamber. The top and bottom of the
compressing chamber are fixed, whilst the two sides are principally composed
of or are formed by the front pair of expressing rollers. Both pairs of rollers
are driven by power at suitable surface speed to force the plastic clay or brick
earth through the moulding orifices, and such will be the case if only the
forward pair of rollers be used with other form of expressing instrument. The
moulding orifice is in advance of the pinch of the front or vertical pair of
rollers, and it diminishes in front of the rollers, so that the two vertical sides
of the moulding orifice, where the clay or brick earth escapes are nearer to
each other than the nearest or pinching surfaces of the two front expressing
rollers. By this arrangement the clay or brick earth will by the hinder pair
of expressing rollers or other expressing instrument be forced against the two
vertical rollers forming the ends of the compressing chamber, and will, by the
rotation of these two rollers be driven forward out of the chamber into and
through the moulding orifice. Scrapers are applied to each pair of rollers to
remove the clay or brick earth from their surfaces.

page_text: Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention I will proceed' more
fully to describe the manner of perforining the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a front elevation; Figure 2 shows a transverse section ;
and Figure 3 a plan in section of apparatus arranged according to my
Invention.
These
a, a, is the mouth-piece, the form of which is clearly shown in the Drawings;
b, b, are two rollers or vertical axles; these are set at à distance 'behind the
mouth-piece or moulding orifice a, a, which I prefer to be of gün metal, parti÷
cularly when for strong clay; but other materials may be used and other forms
of moulding orifices than those shown may be employed, and when required
they may, as heretofore, be arranged to be lubricated with water.
rollers 6, 6, form parts of the sides of the compressing chamber c, c; into and
through which the plastic clay or brick earth is to be forced; either by another
pair of expressing rollers d, d, at the back of the compressing chamber c, c, or by
other expressing instruments or apparatus. e, e, are packing pieces fixed to the
sides of the compressing chamber c, c, and come against the rollers b; b, to prevent
the escape of clay or brick earth in those directions. The two front 'expressing
rollers b, b, may be driven in any suitable manner; but it is preferred that
they should be geared and driven as shown in the Drawing, and when a second
pair of expressing rollers, such as are shown at d, d, are used, they are to be
driven by any convenient means, as will readily be understood by an engineer.
The front rollers b, b, are shown as having parallel sides, which I préfer for
strong clay; but they may be made hollow, if desired, in 'cases of weak 'clay.
The surfaces of these rollers b, b, enter the sides of the compressing chamber c, c,
the other parts of the sides c, c', of this chamber, as well as the top and bottom
thereof, are fixed. The plastic clay or brick earth is forced in a continuous
stream into the compressing chamber ċ by the expressing rollers d, d, or
otherwise, and the stream of plastic clay or brick 'earth is then continually
pressed forwards by the rotation of the expressing rollers b, b, and 'such stream
is thus caused to pass through the mouth-piece or 'moulding orifice a, a, the
sides of which incline towards each other, and the transverse sectional area
consequently becomes less and less beyond 'the 'pinch of the rollers 6, b. The
rollers b, b, have scrapers 6, 6, fixed and applied as shown, or they may be
otherwise arranged. The rollers d, d, have scrapers d', d', which are preferred
to be applied as shown.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is the

page_text: combined arrangement of the parts a, b, b', and c, worked with a second or
hinder pair of expressing rollers or with other expressing apparatus as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Porter, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
WILLIAM PORTER. (L.s.)