Improvements in Apparatus for Heating or Cooling Liquids.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Aug., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 18th May. 1897-Accepted, 10th July, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating or Cooling Liquids.
1. CARL WILHELM RAMSTEDT, of Tranbygge near Kungsängen in the Kingdom
of Sweder, Doctor of Philosophy, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This present invention relates to an apparatus having for its object to heat or to
cool liquids with the view of pasteurizing or sterilizing the same.
The essential part of the apparatus consists of a heating or cooling element
intended to be submerged in the liquid which is to be treated and which may be
contained in an open or closed receptacle of any suitable shape.
The said element consists of a heating or cooling vessel which may have the
shape of any rotatory body, that is, the generating line of the superficies of the
vessel may be a straight line or composed of broken or curved lines. The said
heating or cooling vessel is suspended freely in the aforesaid receptacle and is at
the top provided with a shaft, by means of which it is suspended to a cross-piece
or lid placed upon the receptacle. The shaft of the heating or cooling vessel is
fixed and consists of a pipe united in any convenient way with the lid or cross-piece
and surrounded by a sleeve, solidly united with a lid of the said vessel. At each
end of this sleeve there is a ball bearing. The end of the pipe which is below the
lid of the heating or cooling vessel is provided with a short additional pipe, from
which extend one or more pipes directed sideways, the mouths of which pipes aro
placed close to a turbine ring secured to the said lid and provided with shovels.
The pipe contains a pipe descending into the heating or cooling vessel and having
its lower part bent so that its end will be in the proximity of the wall of the said
vessel. The end of this pipe need not necessarily be placed near the bottom of
the vessel but may be placed at any desired height above this bottom depending
upon the shape of the vessel and the speed of revolution. The inner pipe is fixed
to and traverses the short additional pipe (it may if preferred be in two pieces
and joined in the said additional pipe so that the annular space between the two
space is also closed and the inner and outer pipes are provided with the respective
space is also closed and the inner and outer pipes are provided with the respective
openings.
The apparatus operates in the following manner. Supposing that a liquid is to
be heated with the view of being pasteurized and that it is contained in the
receptacle. The vessel is then submerged into the said receptacle and steam is
introduced through the opening, which steam will pass through the outer pipe
and then escape through the lateral pipes and, when escaping, act upon the shovels
of the turbine wheel, whereby the latter and cousequently also the whole vessel
will be caused to rotate. The steam thus streaming into the vessel heats the walls
of the said vessel and will be condensed. This water thus formed partakes in the
rotatory motion of the vessel and will consequently, according to the shape of the
vessel and its rotatory speed, mount more or less along the walls of the vessel,
D

page_text: until its surface at last reaches the lower end of the stationary pipe whereby the
water will mount through the said pipe and escape through the aforesaid inner
pipe. In lieu of steam any heat conducting fluid may of course be used, as the
same will never come into contact with the liquid that is treated.
In the rotatory motion of the vessel its heated wall will evidently transfer heat
to the liquid surrounding the same. Now the advantage of this heating is, that
the layer of the liquid which is nearest the vessel will also be put in motion but
according as every particle of the liquid is then acted upon, it is thrown away
from the revolving vessel in consequence of the centrifugal force, and owing to
this fact always new particles of the treated liquid will come in contact with the
heating surface, so that the heating will take place most rapidly and uniformly
and any partial over-heating is rendered impossible.
It is evident that when a liquid is to be cooled, a suitable cooling agent will be
introduced in the same way as described for the heating and that the same process
will take place. It is likewise evident that a number of elements may be used
simultaneously in the same receptacle, if latter is made of a sufficient size to allow
of this.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating or Cooling Liquids.
I, CARL WILHELM RAMSTEDT, of Tranbygge near Kungsangen in the Kingdom
of Sweden, Doctor of Philosophy, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to an apparatus having for its object to heat or to
cool liquids with the view of pasteurizing or sterilizing the same.
Apparatuses constructed according to this invention are represented in the
accompanying drawing in which
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the apparatus.
Figures 2 and 3 represent modified forms of the same.
Figure 4 represents a section of the motor illustrated in Figure 1, taken
perpendicularly to the radius, and
Figure 5 shows a top view of the motor, indicated in Figures 2 and 3.
The essential parts of the apparatus consists of a heating or cooling element
intended to be submerged into the liquid, which is to be treated and which may be
contained in an open or closed vessel A of any suitable shape.
The said element consists of a vessel B which may have the shape of any rotatory
body, that is, the generating line of the superficies of the vessel may be a straight
line or he composed of broken or curved lines. In the accompanying drawing the
vessel B is represented as cylindrical. The said vessel B is suspended freely in the
vessel A and is at the top provided with a shaft, by means of which it is suspended
at a cross-piece or lid placed upon the vessel A. The shaft of the vessel B is
fixed and consists of a pipe D united in any convenient way with the lid or cross-
piece C and surrounded by a sleeve E, in one with the lid F in the vessel B. At
each end of this sleeve there is a ball hearing arranged in the way indicated in
Figure 1.
The end of the pipe D which is below the lid F is provided with a short

page_text: additional pipe G, from which extend one or more pipes H directed sideways, the
mouths of which pipes are placed close to a turbine ring I secured to the lid F and
provided with buckets K. The pipe 1) contains a pipe L descending into the
vessel B and having its lower part bent so that its end will be in the proximity of
the wall of the vessel B. The end of this pipe need not necessarily be placed near
the bottom of the vessel but may be placed at any desired height above this
bottom depending upon the shape of the vessel and the speed of revolution. The
pipe 1 is fixed to and traverses the short additional pipe G (it may if preferred bo
in two pieces and joined in the said additional pipe) so that the annular space
between the two pipes will be closed at this place. Above the lid or the cross
piece C, the said annular space is also closed and the pipes D and L are provided
with the respective openings M and N.
The apparatus is worked in the following manner. Supposing that a liquid is
to be heated with the view of being pasteurized and that it is contained in the
vessel A. The vessel B is then submerged into the vessel A and steam is
admitted through the opening M, and passing down through the pipe D escapes
through the pipes H and, in escaping, acts upon the buckets K of the turbine
wheel, whereby the latter and consequently also the whole vessel B will be caused
to rotate. The steam thus entering into the vessel heats the walls of the vessel
and will be condensed. The water thus formed partakes in the rotatory motion of
the vessel and will consequently, according to the shape of the vessel and its
rotatory speed, mount more or less along the walls of the vessel, until its surface at
last, reaches the lower end of the stationary pipe L, mount through the pipe Land
escape at N. In lieu of steam any heat conducting fluid may of course be used, as
the same will never come into contact with the liquid which is treated.
In the rotatory motion of the vessel B its heated wall will evidently transfer
heat to the liquid surrounding the same. Now the advantage of this heating is,
that the layer of the liquid which is nearest the vessel will also be put in motion
but according as every particle of the liquid is then acted upon, it is thrown away
from the revolving vessel in consequence of the centrifugal force, and owing to this
fact always new particles of the treated liquid will come in contact with the
heating surface, so that the heating will take place most rapidly and uniformly
and any partial over-heating is rendered impossible.
In the modifications, shown in Figures 2 and 3, the fixed or stationary pipe D
serving to lead the heating or cooling agent into the vessel 13 passes through a
stufling box at the top of the cover of the vessel B. On the pipe D and within the
vessel B is mounted a Scotch turbine P' working on ball bearings. The motion of
this turbine is transmitted from a surface 1" on the same to the vessel B by tho
aid of friction wheels O or toothed wheels (at least three in number), which wheels
are rarried by arms O', extending from the pipe D, and are in contact or engage-
ment with the cover or the wall of the vessel B. Inside the fixed pipe or the
hollow shaft D is the stationary skimming pipe L, above referred to.
The fluid, streaming out from the free openings of the turbine, rotates the
turbine in consequence of its reaction the motion, transmitted to the vessel B by
the wheel 0, being increased thereby, that the fluid, leaving the turbine and
moving along the wall of the vessel, moves in the direction of rotation of the
ves-ei.
The apparatus shown in Figure 3 differs from the apparatus indicated in
Figure 2, only therein, that the turbine is surrounded by a series of buckets,
mounted on the wall of the vessel B. In this manner the secondary action of the
fluid on the vessel to rotate the same is increased. It is evident that in place of
shoves other suitable arrangements may be used, protruding above the inner
surface of the wall, only the action of the fluids streams on the wall is utilized.
It is evident that when a liquid is to be cooled, a cooling agent will be intro-
5 duced in the same way as indicated above for the heating and that the same process
will take place. It is likewise evident that a number of elements may be used
simultaneously in the same vessel A, if the size of the latter permits it.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. Apparatus for heating or cooling liquids consisting of a combination of a
revolving vessel, freely suspended and only journalled at the top, a turbine ring.
secured to the vessel and two stationary pipes entering into the vessel, of which
pipes, one, the purpose of which is to conduct the heating or cooling agent into
the vessel, constitutes the shaft of the said vessel and has its outlet or outlets
located near the shovel of turbine wheel, in order that the fluid, streaming in,
may cause the suspended vessel to rotate, while the other pipe, the purpose of
which is to discliarge the said fluid from the vessel, is located inside the pipe just
mentioned and has its open end located near the wall of the revolving vessel,
which wall serves to conduct the heat between the said vessel and the liquid to be
treated.
2. A modification of the apparatus, specified in Claim 1 characterized thereby,
that the turbine is substituted by a Scotch turbine, mounted on the stationary
pipe, serving to conduct the heating or cooling agent into the vessel, the motion of
the turbine being transmitted to the vessel by the aid of gear wheels carried by
arms on the said pipe, whereby the vessel is caused to rotate in opposite direction
to the turbine and thus in the same direction as the fluid, leaving the turbine, so
that the immediate contact between the fluid and the vessel aids the turbine in
rotating the vessel.
3. In such turbines as specified in Claim 2, the arrangement that the turbine is
surrounded by a series of shovels or the like on the wall of the vessel, whereby the
rotating effect of the contact between the fluid and the wall is increased.
Dated this 18th day of Mar 1897
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.O., Agents for the Applicant.