IMPROVEMENTS IN ATMOSPHERIC HAMMERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Sholl, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ATMOSPHERIC
HAMMERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.”
Scaled the 25th April 1873, and dated the 12th February 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Sholl at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th February 1873.
I, CHARLES SHOLL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ATMOSPHERIC HAMMERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to improvements in those atmospheric
hammers which have a cylinder and "tupp" combined.
In practising my said Invention I employ lignum vitae or some other
non-conducting or slow heat conducting material as a lining for the
cylinder, so that the air when heated by compression may not burn the
pneumatic leathers or heat the cylinder or other parts. I also make the

page_text: piston of similar non-conducting material. I provide the stuffing box
with pneumatic leathers which are forced against the piston rod and
compressed by atmospheric pressure. Moreover in the piston discs
I turn chambers and make in the said discs small holes communicating
with the said chambers. These discs are provided with leathers which
by the pressure inside the said chambers are forced against the surface
of the cylinder. I arrange a steel or compound wood friction brake and
a tightening pulley in combination with the hammer for the purpose of
regulating the blows of the same. I use with the said hammer a disc or
others uitable contrivance for heading bolts, making nuts, and other
similar operations. I provide the cylinder with a number of holes or
taps, which are controlled by some working part of the machine, and
serve to regulate the length of stroke and force of the blow given by the
hammer. I connect the piston in the hollow hammer tupp directly to
the crank without the intervention of a piston rod. I suspend the
hammer from girders or other suitable supports on the ceiling or wall so
that the anvil block may be independant of the said hammer.
I apply my improvements for the purpose of driving piles and similar
operations, and I employ a combination of belts and wheel gearing
whereby the aforesaid hammer may be used as a radial hammer.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Charles Sholl in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th June 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
SHOLL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in
the thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Sholl, Her
special licence that I, the said Charles Sholl, my executors, admi.
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Sholl,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter

page_text: "
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN ATMOSPHERIC HAMMERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,'
upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said Charles Sholl, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Sholl, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawing forming a part of this Specification :—
This Invention relates chiefly to improvements in those atmospheric
hammers wherein an elastic medium of compressed atmospheric air is held
between the lifting and striking parts which are connected through a
piston working in an air-tight cylinder formed in the tupp or striking part
of the hammer, that is to say, the striking part or tupp is bored to
form a cylinder, and a piston is fitted therein and connected to a crank
whereby it is moved up and down, and the said cylinder is filled with
compressed air which forms an elastic connection between the striking
part and the power whereby it is operated.
In practising my said Invention I construct the said cylinder with a
stuffing box, and provide the same with leathers which are forced against
the piston rod and tightened by atmospheric pressure during the recipro-
cating movements of the said cylinder. In the piston discs I turn
chambers and make through the said discs small holes communicating
with the said chambers. These discs are provided with leathers which
by the pressure inside the said chambers are forced against the surface
of the cylinder and thereby made air-tight while working. I employ
lignum vitae or other non-conducting or slow heat conducting material
as a lining for the said cylinder, so that the air when heated by com-
pression may not injure the pneumatic leathers or heat the cylinders or
adjacent parts, and I also make the piston of similar non-conducting

page_text: material. I form in the cylinder four or more apertures that may be
opened or closed at pleasure, and at the upper and lower portions of the
said cylinder or hammer I fit valves which communicate with each
other by air-tight passages, and are arranged to be actuated by the
cylinder in its motion to regulate the force of the blow. I arrange a
steel or compound wood friction brake and a belt tightening pulley in
combination with the other parts of the hammer for the purpose of
regulating the blows of the same. The said brake is actuated simulta-
neously with the tightening pulley through a treadle to allow a "dead"
blow to be given, and the hammer to be instantaneously stopped. I use
an elevating and depressing anvil block which may be adjusted by the
hand or foot to permit a light blow to be given with a rapid movement
of the hammer. I use with the said hammer a disc or other suitable
contrivance for heading bolts, making nuts, and other similar operations.
I suspend the hammer from girders or other suitable supports on the 1
ceiling or wall so that the anvil block may be independent of the said
hammer.
I apply my improvements to the driving of piles and similar opera-
tions, and I may employ a combination of belts and wheel gearing
whereby the aforesaid hammer may be used as a radial hammer.
In a modification of my Invention whereby I adapt the same to the
stamping of ores, the hammer is furnished with a jacket through which
a stream of cold water is maintained. In this modification I retain the
aforesaid automatic leathers and lignum vitae linings.

page_text: through, and the said guides are formed with channels & through which
a continuous circulation of cold water is maintained.
°
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I claim,―
First. An atmospheric hammer with the cylinder formed in the tupp 5
or striking part of the hammer, as herein set forth.
Second. Providing the stuffing box and piston of the said cylinder
with leather packing, operating as herein set forth and for the purpose
specified.
Third. The holes or apertures and valves in the said cylinder, as herein 1
set forth and for the purpose specified.
Fourth. The friction brake, belt tightener, and treadle, combined and
operating as herein set forth for the purpose specified.
Fifth. The anvil block constructed to be adjusted during the working
of the hammer, and provided with mechanism for effecting its adjustment 1
as herein set forth.
Sixth. The application of lignum vitae to the cylinder and piston of
an atmospheric hammer to prevent the heating of the said cylinder and
adjacent parts, as herein set forth.
Seventh. The application of my improved leather packing and lignum 2
vitae lining to stamps for crushing ores, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Sholl, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
2
CHARLES SHOLL.
L.S.)
Witness,
JOHN ROE.