A NEW AND Iк- PROVED APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING-CARRIAGES AND BOATS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and
Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire
of France, and 10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "A NEW AND Iк-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING-CARRIAGES AND BOATS."
-A communication from Pierre Grandjean, residing at 263, Rue
St. Martin, Paris, Mechanical Engineer.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th June 1870.
5 I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire of France, and
10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent

page_text: "A NEW
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING CARRIAGES AND
BOATS," a communication to me from Pierre Grandjean, a person resident
at 263, Rue St. Martin, Paris, Mechanical Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention, communicated to me, relates to a new and improved
apparatus for warming in winter and cooling in summer carriages and
boats, especially railway carriages, it at the same time giving ventilation
to the same.
This apparatus consists substantially of a box or vessel with a
partial double enveloppe made of some suitable metal, and of a series
of tubes or pipes, also of any proper metal, through which pass the
currents of warm or cold air, the whole being suitable for fixing under
the floor of carriage or boat. The tubes or pipes terminate towards the
different compartments of carriages or cabins which are to be warmed or
cooled and ventilated in the shape of boxes or foot warmers, of which
the upper part replaces the floor, and they open on to these compart-
ments by mouths, which may be opened or closed at will. The lower
part of the box or vessel is furnished with a metal perforated plate.
serving as grate, upon which is placed the fuel, charcoal, or coal, but
preferably artificial charcoal; this grate is kept in movement auto-
matically by an oscillating lever with a counterweight, so as to sift the
residue of the fuel. The introduction of the fuel is operated through a
feeding canal provided with a lid, and extending in advance of the
apparatus. The upper part of the apparatus has an air chamber furnished
with two apertures placed opposite one another, and having little doors a
closing and opening automatically. The air is absorbed into the chamber
by means of a bell or funnel placed in front of each aperture by opening
the door, which, in relation to the direction in which the train is
travelling is at the front, and by closing the one opposite to it; this air
passes and is warmed through a series of copper or other suitable metal
tubes placed side by side horizontally and vertically above the burning
fuel, and collects into another chamber into which all the tubes enter,
and where its dispersion after it has been thus warmed is operated by a
more or less considerable number of pipes which open on to the different
places to be warmed or cooled. The atmospheric air having passed and a
warmed through the space between the double enveloppe of the apparatus
enters also this warm air chamber, and thus contributes towards the

page_text: amount of heat to be distributed. The gases resulting from the com-
bustion of the fuel escapes by four chimneys, placed at the four upper
corners of the apparatus, and over which is placed a metal plate in order
to protect the floor. The pipes, the distributing chamber, and the under
part of the foot warmers should be surrounded by felt or any other
suitable matter for hindering the dispersion of the heat.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Henri
Adrien Bonneville in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
January 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Patent Offices, 18, Chaussée
d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 10, Sackville Street,
Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, Her special license
that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,,
"A NEW AND
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING CARRIAGES AND BOATS,"
communicated to me from abroad by Pierre Grandjean, a person resident
at 263, Rue St. Martin, Paris, Mechanical Engineer, upon the con-
dition, amongst others, that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and scal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of

page_text: the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
'and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
seven calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof :-
This Invention communicated to me relates to a new and improved
apparatus for warming in winter and cooling in summer carriages and
boats, especially railway carriages, it at the same time giving ventilation
to the same.
This apparatus consists substantially of a box or vessel with a
partial double envelop made of some suitable metal and of a series
.of tubes or pipes also of any proper metal, through which pass the
currents of warm or cold air, the whole being suitable for fixing
under the floor of carriage or boat. The tubes or pipes termi-
nate towards the different compartments of carriages or cabins which
are to be warmed or cooled and ventilated in the shape of boxes
or foot warmers, of which the upper part replaces the floor, and
they open on to these compartments by mouths which may be
opened or closed at will. The lower part of the box or vessel is
furnished with a metal perforated plate serving as a grate, upon
'which is placed the fuel, charcoal, or coal, but preferably artificial
charcoal; this grate is kept in movement automatically by an oscil-
lating lever with a counterbalance so as to sift the residue of the
fuel. The introduction of the fuel is operated through a feeding canal
provided with a lid and extending in advance of the apparatus. The
upper part of the apparatus has an air chamber furnished with apertures
placed opposite one another, and having little doors closing and opening
automatically. The air is absorbed into the chamber by means of a
funnel placed in front of each aperture by opening the door which (in
relation to the direction in which the train is travelling) is at the front
and by closing the one opposite to it; this air passes and is warmed
through a series of copper or other suitable metal tubes placed side by
side horizontally and vertically above the burning fuel and collects into
another chamber, into which all the tubes enter, and where its dispersion,

page_text: after it has been thus warmed, is operated by a more or less considerable
number of pipes which open on to the different places to be warmed or
cooled. The atmospheric air having passed and warmed through the
space between the double envelop of the apparatus enters also this
warm air chamber, and thus contributes towards the amount of heat
to be distributed. The gases resulting from the combustion of the
fuel escape by four chimneys placed at the four upper corners of
the apparatus, and over which is placed a metal plate in order to
protect the floor. The pipes, the distributing chamber, and the under
part of the foot warmers should be surrounded by felt or any other
suitable matter for hindering the dispersion of the heat.
It is not necessary for the purpose of ventilation to modify this
apparatus otherwise than by doing away with the fuel.
Figure 1 represents a front view of my apparatus, shewing it in
working position under the floor of a railway car; Figure 2 is a plan
or top view of the same; Figure 3 is a transverse vertical section of the
apparatus detached, the line b, b, Figures 5 and 6, indicating the
plane of section; Figure 4 is an elevation of the same, shewing the
front of the apparatus; Figure 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of
the same, taken in the plane a, a, Figures 3 and 4; Figure 6 is a
side view of the apparatus.
The letter A designates a metal plate which is interposed between
the top of my apparatus and the bottom of the car to protect the
latter against the injurious effects of the products of combustion
issuing from the chimneys C; said protecting plate rests on supports B,
and the chimneys C are provided with lateral discharge openings D
for the products of combustion. Suitable brackets E serve to secure
the apparatus to the bottom of the car. Near one end of the appa-
ratus and on opposite sides thereof are the air spouts F, which are
protected by network F against the entrance of dirt and rubbish,
and which communicate with the air chamber I. Each of the air
spouts is provided with a door G hung in hinges H, and opening
inward, so that the door on the spout facing the direction in which
the car moves will open, while the other closes automatically by
the action of the air. The air which rushes through one of the
spouts into the air chamber strikes a perforated partition plate I,

page_text: whereby it is caused to spread, and it then passes through a series of
pipes J to the distributing chamber I (see Figure 5), whence it is carried
off through pipes K, leading to the interior of the car. The pipes J
are situated over a fire-box P, which is supplied with fuel through
the feed channel O. In the bottom of said fire-box is the perforated
plate or grate P, which is subjected to the action of a loaded lever T,
so that when the car is in motion a shaking motion is imparted to
said grate to keep the fire clear and free from dirt. The fire-box
and the distributing chamber are provided with a double jacket M,
which communicates through holes L with the external atmosphere,
so that the air passing in through these holes will be heated by coming
in contact with the sides of the fire-box. The apertures K of the
distributing chamber communicate by means of pipes U (see Figure 2)
with boxes V let into the bottom of the car, and serving as foot
warmers in winter time, and which are provided with registers Y,
Said boxes are also
through which the air is admitted into the car.
provided with distributing pipes ✗ to carry the air under the seats of

page_text: 4th. The shaking lever in combination with the grate, the said lever
being actuated by the motion of the car, as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Nineteenth day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.