IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SHIPS' AND OTHER PUMPS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Payne and Alexander Black Fraser, both of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, General Founders and Ships'
Ironmongers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SHIPS'
AND OTHER PUMPS."
Sealed the 24th April 1868, and dated the 28th October 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Payne and
Alexander Black Fraser at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 28th October 1867.
We, WILLIAM PAYNE and ALEXANDER BLACK FRASER, both of Liverpool, in
the County of Lancaster, General Founders and Ships" Ironmongers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE
TO SHIPS AND OTHER PUMPS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists in certain improvements applicable to ships' and
other lift pumps, the heads of the suction pipe or pipes of which open into an
enclosed chamber, and the working barrel of which extends down through the
top of the enclosed chamber to near the bottom of the vessel at one side of
the suction pipe or pipes, and also consists in deviding the chamber between
the suction pipe or pipes. When one or more suction pipes are connected
therewith by a vertical diaphragm, the lower portion of which is solid to a point
above the lower valve in the working barrel, and above this it is perforated or

page_text: formed into a grating, through which the water from the suction pipe passes
to the working barrel. The object of making the lower portion of the
vertical diaphragm solid is to prevent the pump losing its water, thus obviating
the necessity of "priming," and the grating of the vertical diaphragm is used
to prevent chips or other foreign matter passing into the working barrel and
choking the valves.
.
This Invention further consists in the use or application of a short open-
ended cylinder, which may be screwed at one or both ends, and which
cylinder is screwed in or fastened on to the head of the suction pipe or pipes
entering into the enclosed chamber...
It is proposed when these improvements are applied to, say, a ship's pump
to lead the main pump and bilge pump suction pipes so as to open into the
bottom of the enclosed chamber, and when it is desired to use the main pump
the cylinder is screwed or fastened on to the head of the main suction pipe, and
the head of the bilge suction pipe is closed by an air-tight screwed cap. This
operation is performed by removing an air-tight lid or cover in the top of the
chamber immediately above, to enable which the lid is fitted with a pet cock
to admit air into the chamber to allow the air-tight lid to be taken off..
When it is desired to use the bilge suction pipe the screwed cap on the
head thereof is removed, and the screwed cylinder taken from the head of the
main suction pipe and placed on the bilge suction pipe, and the head of, the
main suction pipe is closed by means of the cap previously removed from the
bilge pipe. The top of the enclosed chamber is cast or formed with a vertical
flange, which may flare out a little so as to increase the size of the dish or
hollow which acts as a reservoir to receive the water as delivered from the
.working barrel, and which escapes through a nozzle on the side. The lower
valve of the working barrel it is preferred should be formed with a grating
covered with vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable flexible material, which
is held in position by a short screwed rod passing down through the centre
of the valve into a projection formed on the bottom of the chamber, by which
arrangement stability is insured to the working barrel..
By the arrangements of the several parts of the pumps described it will be
observed that one, two, or more suction pipes may be connected with the
interior of the enclosed chamber, through any of which water or other liquid
may be drawn by simply closing the others by means of screwed caps similar
to the one described. Although a part of the water in the enclosed. chamber
will escape when the air-tight lid is removed for altering the cylinder and
caps to remove chips or other foreign matter that may accumulate therein,
or for sounding the pump, still the lower valve in the working barrel will be

page_text: submerged, as the water will be held sufficiently high on that side of the
chamber by means of the lower and solid portion of the vertical diaphragm
described, and thus prevent the pump losing its water.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Payne and Alexander Black Fraser in the Great
. Seal Patent Office on the 28th April 1868.
:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
PAYNE and ALEXANDER BLACK FRASER, both of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, General Founders and Ships' Ironmongers; send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of October, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said William Payne and Alexander Black Fraser, Her special license,
that we, the said William Payne and Alexander Black Fraser, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Payne.and
Alexander Black Fraser, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO SHIPS' AND OTHER. PUMPS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said William Payne and Alexander Black Fraser, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Payne and Alexander Black
Fraser, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
This our said Invention consists in certain improvements applicable to.
ships' and other lift pumps, the heads of the suction pipe or pipes of which
open into an enclosed chamber, and the working barrel of which extends
.

page_text: down through the top of the enclosed chamber to near the bottom of the
vessel at one side of the suction pipe or pipes, and also consists in dividing
the chamber between the suction pipe or pipes when one or more suction
pipes are connected therewith by a vertical diaphragm, the lower portion of
which is solid to a point above the lower valve in the working barrel, and
above this it is perforated or formed into a grating, through which the water
from the suction pipe passes to the working barrel. The object of making
the lower portion of the vertical diaphragm solid is to prevent the pump
losing its water, thus obviating the necessity of "priming," and the grating
of the vertical diaphragm is used to prevent chips or other foreign matters
passing into the working barrel and choking the valves.
This Invention further consists in the use or application of a short open-
ended cylinder, which may be screwed to one or both ends, and which cylinder
is screwed in or fastened on to the head of the suction pipe or pipes entering
the enclosed chamber.
It is proposed when these improvements are applied to, say, a ship's pump
to lead the main pump and bilge pump suction pipe so as to open into the
bottom of the enclosed chamber, and when it is desired to use the main pump
the cylinder is screwed or fastened into the head of the main suction pipe, and
the head of the bilge suction pipe is closed by an air-tight screwed cap.
This operation is performed by removing an air-tight lid or cover in the
top of the chamber.immediately above, to enable which the lid is fitted with
a pet cock to admit air into the chamber to allow the air-tight lid to be
taken off.
When it is desired to use the bilge suction pipe the screwed cap on the
head thereof is removed, and the screwed cylinder taken from the head of the
main suction pipe and placed on the bilge suction pipe, and the head of
the main suction pipe is closed by means of the cap previously removed from
the bilge pipe. The top of the enclosed chamber is cast or formed with a
vertical flange, which may flare out a little so as to increase the size of the
dish or hollow, which acts as a reservoir to receive the water as delivered
from the working barrel, and which escapes through a nozzle on the side.
The lower valve of the working barrel we prefer should be formed with a
grating covered with vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable flexible
material which is held in position by a short screwed rod passing down through
the centre of the valve into a projection formed in the bottom of the chamber,
by which arrangement stability is insured to the working barrel.
By the arrangements of the several parts of the pump described it will be
observed that one, two, or more suction pipes may be connected with the

page_text: interior of the enclosed chamber, through any of which water or other liquid
may be drawn by simply closing the others by means of a screwed cap similar
to the one described. Although a part of the water in the enclosed chamber
will escape when the air-tight lid is removed for altering the cylinder and
caps, or to remove chips or other foreign matter that may accumulate therein,
or for sounding the pump, still the lower valve in the working barrel will be
submerged, as the water will be held sufficiently high on that side of the
chamber by means of the lower and solid position of the vertical diaphragm
described, and thus preventing the pump losing its water.
That this our said Invention may be the more readily seen and understood
we have hereunto annexed Drawings illustrating our Invention as applied to
a main pump, also as applied to a pump which may be used as a main or
bilge pump for either bilge; like letters and figures marked thereon are used
to denote similar parts.
Figure 1 is a top view or plan of the main pump to which our improve-
ments are applied; Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same,
and Figure 3 is a transverse section of the same; Figure 4 is an elevation of
the moveable grating which is fitted over the port opening of the chamber
on the head of the suction pipe; Figure 5 is a plan, and Figure 6 a vertical
sectional elevation of a pump applicable for the drawing of water from either
bilge or other position in the ship.
A, the outer casing of the pump which is cast in one piece, as shewn, with
a vertical diaphragm or dividing plate a; B, the working barrel which is
fitted into the interior of the pump case, and rests upon the annular flanges b,
and which may be held in position by small screwed bolts passing through the
annular flange, and screwed into the main casting A. Into the bottom of the
cylinder B is fittedd a valve grating covered with a disc of india-rubber or other
flexible material, through the centre of which passes C, a small bolt, the lower
end of which screws into the external casing, as seen at Figures 2, 3, and 6.
The upper end of this bolt is formed with an inverted mushroom head which
holds in position the flexible disc on the grating at the bottom of the working
barrel B. D (Figures 2 and 3) the lift valve or spear box; E (Figures 2.
and 3) pump rod shewn broken off; F, suction pipe; G, chamber on head of
suction pipe; H, air-tight cover on the top of chamber G, fitted with J, a.
ring bolt screwed through the centre thereof, through the lower portion of
which there is a small vertical hole, from which leads a lateral one opening
out at a point a little below the collar k, and shewn in dotted lines, and by
unscrewing which the air of the atmosphere will enter the chamber, and thus
enable the lid to be removed when required. L (Figure 2).moveable..

page_text: gratings on the side of the air chamber, which is shewn detached, Figure 4;
M (Figure 6) moveable head for suction pipe; N, air-tight cap for covering the
bead of suction pipe when not in use. The moveable head may be screwed
on to either of the suction pipes O or 0', seen in Figure 6. By removing the
air-tight lid E, unscrewing the moveable head from the suction pipe O, and
moving the cap N on the head of the suction pipe O¹, their relative positions are
changed, in which case the water will be drawn up the suction pipe O' in
place of the suction pipe O, the top of which is then closed by the cap N,
the thread and diameter screw of the cap and moveable head being alike.
Thus it will be seen that any number of suction pipes may be used with a
single working barrel by simply leading them into G, Figure 6, the air
chamber, by simply closing the heads of the suction pipes by caps similar to
that marked N, and applying the moveable head M to the suction pipe that
it is intended the liquid should be drawn through; P', discharge opening.
The action of our improved pump is as follows:-By the action of the lift
valve D vacuum is created in the suction pipe F and air chamber G, which
causes the water or other liquid to ascend by the atmospheric pressure on the
surface thereof up the suction pipe F into the air chamber, and through
the grating in the side thereof to the outer side of the working barrel und'
descend the bottom thereof and passes through the lower valve; and which on
the down stroke passes through the lift valve; and on the up stroke is delivered
from the working barrel into the open chamber above the same; 'whence it
passes out through the discharge pipe on the side thereof. The arrows shew
the direction in which the water or other fluid passes to the discharge.
Having now fully described the nature of this our said Invention, and the
best means we are acquainted with for carrying the same into practical effect,
we wish it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves to the relative
proportions or dimensions of the several parts; as the same may be considerably
varied without departing from the Invention; but what we claim is,―
First. The particular mode of fitting and applying cylindrical working
barrel B and the screwed bolt C, applied substantially in the manner and for
the purpose as herein-before described and set forth.
Secondly. The application and use of the moveable head M to the top of the
suction pipes of the pumps, substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before described and set forth.
Thirdly. The cap N applied substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before described and set forth.
Fourthly. The construction of pumps provided with more than one suction
pipe, constructed and operated substantially in the manner and for the

page_text: purposes herein-before described and set forth, and illustrated by Figure 6 of
the annexed Drawing.
Fifthly. The general form, arrangement, and combination of pumps, as
herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the annexed
Drawings, substantially in the manner and for the objects stated.
Lastly. The general arrangement and combination of the several parts of a
pump having more than one suction pipe, substantially in the manner and for
the purposes herein-before described, set forth, and illustrated by Figures 5
and 6 of the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof I, the said William Payne, on behalf of myself and
Co-Patentee, have hereunto set my hand and affixed my seal, this
Twenty-seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight.
WILLIAM PAYNE. (L.B.)