Improvements in Condensers and like Apparatus for Use in the Transference of Heat between Fluids.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Oct., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 7th July, 1896-Accepted, 5th Sept., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Condensers and like Apparatus for Use in the
Transference of Heat between Fluids.
I, ANDREW WHITBURN PAUL, of 37, Hanover Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention has reference to apparatus for use where heat is to be transferred
from one fluid to another, such as for condensing steam or other vapours, or for
beating or cooling water, air, or other fluids, when the fluid from which heat is to
be abstracted is to be kept separate from the fluid to which heat is to be com-
municated or transferred and the objects of the invention are to provide apparatus
inexpensive in manufacture efficient in operation, easily accessible for cleaning or
repairs, and occupying comparatively small space.
For the above objects I employ a narrow chamber or chambers having straight
or curved sides, such sides being in some cases where they are under considerable
strain strengthened or held in position by rivetting at intervals. I place such
chamber or chambers within a vessel oi container and causo the Huid from which
heat is to be abstracted such as steam, to flow through the inside of the chamber
or chambers, whilst the fluid to which heat is to be communicated or transferred,
such as water, is caused to flow around the outside of such chamber or chambers
or vice versa. I provide suitable inlets and outlets to the chamber or chambers and
vessel or container for the admission and exit of the separate fluids.
A convenient method of constructing a chamber as above is to take a tubo and
compress it laterally until the sides are straight or slightly dished, the sides being
then rivotted at intervals when necessary.
The vessel or container is of any desired form suitable for the purpose for which
it is to be used.
Dated the Fifth dar of October 1805
Improvements in Condensers and like Apparatus for Use in the
Transference of Heat between Fluids.
I, ANDREW WHITBURN PAUL, of 37, Hanover Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to apparatus for use where heat is to be transferied
from one fluid to another, such as for condensing steam or other vapours or for
heating or cooling water, air, or other fluids, when the fluid from which heat is to
be abstracted is to be kept separate from the fluid to which heat is to be com-
municated or transferred: and the objects of the invention are to provide apparatus
inexpensive in manufacture, efficient in operation, easily accessible for cleaning or
repairs and occupying comparatively small space,

page_text: For the above objects I employ a nanow chamber on chambers having straight
or curved sides, such sides being in some cases, where they are under considerable
strain, strengthened on held in position by ivetting at intervals I place such
chamber or chambers within a vessel or container and cause the fluid from which
heat is to be abstracted such as steam, to flow through the inside of the chamber
or chambers whilst the fluid to which heat is to be communicated or transferred
Buch as water, is caused to flow around the outside of such chamber or chambers,
or vice versa. I provide suitable inlets and outlets to the chamber or chambers,
and vessel or container for the admission and exit of the separate fluids.
A convenient method of constructing a chamber as above is to take a tube and
compress it laterally until the sides ano straight or slightly dished, such sides being
then rivetted at intervals when necessary.
The vessel or container is of any desired form suitable for the purpose for which
it is to be used.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a vertical scation, and Fig. 2 a horizontal section of apparatus for
condensing steam constructed according to my invention. a are narrow chambers
formed preferably of flattened tubes through which the steam to be condensed
passes. b are inlet and outlet nozzles to and from the chambers a secured
through the tube plates e at each end of the container & through which container
the condensing water passes. e inlet and outlet to and from the container steam
chamber, condensed water chamber. hare rivets for securely holding in position
the sides of the chambers a when such chambers are subjected to bigh pressure.
In many cases when the chambers a are subjected to only moderate pressure the
rivets may be dispensed with.
Fig. 3 is an elevation and Fig. 4 a cross section of the rivetted chamber
I prefer to employ for high pressures h rivets and h¹ washors to keep the sides the
desired distance apart.
Fig. 5 is a cross section of an unrivetted chamber suitable for moderate pressures.
The sides of the chambers are flat or nearly 80 and approach so close together
over the greater part of the area of the chambers as to cause the steam within the
chambers to flow as a thin layer thus rendering the transfer of heat more rapid,
and the condensation of steam more complete, and preventing any steam from
getting through the chambers uncondensed. The edges a' of the chambers are
left a little further apart than the main portion so as to avoid any undue strain
and liability to fracture which might be caused by bending the material of the
chambers to a very small radius. If the nozzles bare removed a cleaning appliance
may be passed through the chambers Instead of using nozzles 6 for admitting
steam to the chambers the ends of the chambers may be brazed or otherwise
secured in the plates c. The chambers may be made otherwise than by flattening
tubes as for instance by bending a strip of metal and brazing the edges together.
It will be obvious that the chambers may be placed very close together so that a
very large heating surface collectively can be contained within a comparatively
small casing oi container.
The above apparatus has been described only as for condensing steam but it may
be used also as a feedwater heater, the feed water being in this case caused to flow
through the inside of the chambers, the beating steam or other fluid being on the
outside of the chambers. My invention is also applicable to other purposes where
heat is to be transferred from one fluid to another such as cooling brine or other
liquids on heating or evaporating liquids, or heating or cooling air and other
gascs o vapours: and various modifications of apparatus may be made without
departing from the nature of my invention.
Fig. 6 16 a vertical section of one modification of apparatus for use as an
evaporator. Iero a flattened tube a is formed into a coil and inserted into the
vessel containing the water or other liquid to be evaporated, b connectious for
heating fluid, j vapour outlet, & liquid supply, / drain pipe.

page_text: Fig. 7 is a cross section of a rivetted chamber in which the internal washers are
dispensed with, the sides being held close together at the centre by the rivet h,
Fig. 8 18 a cross section of a chamber rivetted in several places.
Fig. 9 is a cross section of a chamber in which the sides are loft the same
distance apart as the ends, a filling piece a' being used to obtain the desired narrow
space a for the fluid to flow through. By removing the filling piece a³ the chamber
can be very casily cleaned.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
Apparatus constructed with narrow chambers and connections substantially as
described and illustrated for use in the transference of heat between fluids.
Dated this Sixth day of July 1896.
W. B. JOHNSON,
Agent.