A METHOD OF MAKING PAN AND PLAIN OR FLAT TILES, OF THE SAME KIND AND EQUAL IN GOODNESS TO THOSE MADE IN HOLLAND COMMONLY CALLED THE DUTCH GREY OR BLUE TILES OR PANTILES, AND ALSO GLAZED OR LEADED. TILES, FROM MATERIALS WHOLLY THE PRODUCE OF ENGLAND
Year: 1776

page_text: TO. ALL TO WHOM. THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
SOWLER, of East Denton, in the County of Northumberland, Tile Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said John Sowler, did, by my Petition, humbly represent
Into His present Majesty, that I had found out and invented "A METHOD OF
MAKING PAN AND PLAIN OR FLAT TILES, OF THE SAME KIND AND EQUAL IN GOODNESS
TO THOSE MADE IN HOLLAND COMMONLY CALLED THE DUTCH GREY OR BLUE TILES
OR PANTILES, AND ALSO GLAZED OR LEADED. TILES, FROM MATERIALS WHOLLY THE
PRODUCE OF ENGLAND," and therefore praying that His said Majesty would be
pleased to grant unto me, my executors, adñiors, and assigns, His said
Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for the sole making, vending, and selling the
tiles before mentioned, after the new and particular method by me invented
as aforesaid, in that part of His Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called
England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of. Berwick-upon-Tweed, for the
term of fourteen years according to the Statute in that case made and provided:
And whereas His said Majesty was most graciously pleased to condescend to
the prayer of my said Petition, and by His Royal Letters Patent under the
Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the Thirteenth day of January, in
the sixteenth year of His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said John
Sowler, my. executors, admors, and assigns, His special license and sole
authority, that I, the said John Sowler, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, from. time to. time and at all times thereafter during the term of
fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent, according to the
form of the Statute in such case made and provided, should and lawfully

page_text: might make, use, exercise, and vend my said said Invention within that part
of His said Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called England, His Domi-
nion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner as to me,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or any of them, should in their
discretions seem meet; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said John Sowler, should not particularly describe the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be
inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within four calendar
months next after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said
Letters Patent should be void.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Sowler, do hereby describe my said Invention for Making Pan and
Plain or Flat Tiles, of the same Kind and equal in Goodness to those made
in Holland commonly called the Dutch Grey or Blue Tiles or Pantiles, and
also Glazed or Leaded Tiles, from Materials wholly the Produce of this
Kingdom, in manner following (that is to say):-
First, the manner of making the said tiles, commonly called pan, and plain
or flat tiles, of the same kind and equal in goodness to those made in Holland
commonly called the Dutch grey or blue tiles or pan tiles is as follows:-
The said tiles being prepared and formed from the earth and materials used
in common tile making, the same are burnt in the common kiln used for
burning red tiles. When the said tiles are fully burnt therein, then they are
removed from that kiln to another kiln invented by me, the said John Sowler,
a correct, true, and faithful Plan or Drawing of which last-mentioned kiln
is delineated and contained in the Paper hereunto annexed, in the chamber
or interior part of which said last-mentioned kiln the said tiles are placed,
untill the same is filled, in the placing of which said tiles the interstices are
carefully filled with pulverized charcoal, and when the said chamber or
interior part is so filled, the top thereof is closed, so as to prevent any steam
escaping therefrom, then the fires prepared underneath and in the base of
such kiln are lighted and continued burning for the space of four or five
days, according to the degree of fierceness wherewith the same have burnt,
the heat and flame of which fires in the said base flying off and passing
between the outer part of the wall of the said chamber or interior part of the
said kiln, and the inner part of the surrounding wall, communicates and gives
fire to the said pulverized charcoal, by the operation whereof a colour and
durability is communicated to the tiles so burnt as to make them in all
respects equal to the best grey or blue tiles or pantiles inade in Holland.

page_text: And, secondly, the manner of making the said glazed or leaded tiles of the same
kind and equal in goodness to those made in Holland called glazed or leaded
tiles, is as follows:-The said last-mentioned tiles are made of the earth and
materials used in common tile making; when the same are so made and dryed
in the common way, a mixture or liquor is then poured on them of the
following composition, that is to say: of lead ore pulverized ten quarts, of
magnes pulverized four quarts, of flint burnt and pulverized four quarts, and
of clay, so mixt with water as to pass through a fine silken sieve, fourteen
quarts; when the said composition is so poured on the said last-mentioned
tiles is becomes dry (which it generally is in about an hour's time); the said
tiles are then placed in a common kiln, and burnt in a fiercer fire than is used
C

page_text: The Chamber or interior part of the Kiln/in which
the Tiles are put in order to be burned.
Fire Flues which Conduct the Flames under the base or
Groundwork of the kiln.
Fire Flues which conduct the Flames along the outer
walls of the Kiln