An Improved Method of Laying Out Ordinates and Obtaining Results from Indicator and other Diagrams and Gridiron Ruler and Scale for Use therein.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 9th July, 1886
Complete Left, 9th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 10th May, 1887
An Improved Method of Laying Out Ordinates and Obtaining
Results from Indicator and other Diagrams and Gridiron Ruler
and Scale for Use therein.
I JOSEPH GEORGE CLAUD-MANTLE of No. 3 Kaasburg, Antwerp, in the Kingdom
of Belgium, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
:-
This invention relates to a new or improved ordinator or gridiron ruler and also to
a scale for use in connection therewith for the purpose of giving the positions of
certain lines and divisions in connection with the abscissa or base line and the like
(actual or supposed) of any diagram or figure. The instrument provides that these
ordinates, lines or points may have the same relative position in respect to each other
whatever may be the sum of their distances. For example let a denote the abscissa
or sum of distances and a, b, c, d, &c., the several relative distances of the ordinates,
lines or points. Then if x becomes y.x. or (y either integral or fractional) the
IC
y
instrument provides that a, b, c, d, &c. become y.a, y.b, y.c, y.d, &c. or
as the case may be.
a b c d
-
y, y, y, y
&c
The instruments are varied in detail in special adaptations for certain purposes.
They are firstly those for which whilst the abscissa or equivalent may be varied in
length at pleasure the ordinates or their equivalents remain at fixed relative distances
as before explained, and secondly those in which these relative distances of ordinates &c.
as also their sum or abscissa &c. may both be varied at pleasure.
In a form of instrument of the first named class, the denoters or ruling edges for
ordinates &c. are so relatively distanced that the sum of the lengths of the ordinates
(for which they form the ruling edges or denoters) divided by the number of them
will give a length equal to their mean. Now taking an indicator-diagram the mean
ordinate represents the mean-pressure. And also in any figure the mean height,
ordinate (as the case may be) multiplied by the sum of the distances of such will give
or

page_text: its area.
The instrument is to give the positions of these ordinates. The scale gives
at reading their mean value. This mean value is all that is required from an indicator-
diagram for the purpose of calculating the horse power.
My scales comprise the ordinary scales of any measure but having this difference
that whereas in ordinary scales each length or division represents to scale some fixed
length and is denoted (usually by figures) by that length which it represents; in my
scales these divisions though retaining their original designations are increased in
length just as many times as there are ordinates in the instrument to which it refers.
For example, suppose a diagram having say ten ordinates between its containing per-
pendiculars and these ordinates so distanced that the sum of their lengths divided by
their number gives a length equal to their mean length; again suppose the diagram
to scale of th and the total length of ordinates measures to scale 40 then evidently
their mean value is . Now my scales have this difference that whereas this length
if applied to ordinary scale would read 4 in mine it reads . In other words these
scales give the mean reading and not the sum of the lengths.
In general the object of the instrument in its varied forms is to at once denote the
positions of the extreme perpendiculars as also the bisecting perpendiculars of ten or
other chosen number of ordinates in chosen relative position between the containing
perpendiculars. Or of any number of ordinates lines or points in any desired relative
position in respect to either containing perpendiculars or extremities.
To my scales are affixed formula and memoranda in special relation to the purposes
for which the instrument is adapted or such as are specially useful to those for whom
it is intended.
In carrying out the invention the instrument is constructed of two end bars on
which are marked corresponding lines. A cross-bar is fixed on one of the cross-bars
in any suitable manner and serves to keep the end bars parallel to each other and
prevent any lateral motion by means of a pin or stud which works in a slot in the
cross-bar, or by any other suitable sliding arrangement. A number of parallel bars
are jointed to lever-bars or connecting links which are jointed to the said end-bars,
the aforesaid parallel bars being in such relative position as may suit any particular
purpose. A milled headed button or knob or other suitable attachment is provided
on the end-bars for the purpose of lifting, placing or retaining the instrument in
position. A milled nut works over the end of the said pin or stud (or other suitable
clamping arrangements may be provided) whereby the instrument may be fixed for
any number of diagrams or figures of the same length.
may be
The parallel bars and connecting links to which they are attached may be of any
desired form, number, length and material. On the aforesaid cross-bar there
any desired scale of lengths or suitable divisions adapted for particular purposes..
The various centres and screws connecting the several parts may be of any suitable
design, material or materials.
Appliances such as perforators, prickers or markers or suitable attachments for the
same are added as found desirable.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method
of Laying Out Ordinates and Obtaining
Results from Indicator and other Diagrams and Gridiron Ruler
and Scale for Use therein.
I JOSEPH GEORGE CLAUD-MANTLE, of No. 3, Kaasburg; Antwerp, in the Kingdom
of Belgium, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a new or improved ordinator or gridiron ruler and also to
a scale for use in connection therewith for the purpose of giving the positions of
certain lines and divisions in connection with the abscissa or base line and the like
(actual or supposed) of any diagram or figure. The instrument provides that these
ordinates, lines or points may have the same relative position in respect to each other
whatever may be the sum of their distances. For example let e denote the abscissa
or sum of distances and a, b, c, d, &c. the several relative distances of the ordinates,
lines, or points. Then if x, becomes y.x or (y either integral or fractional) the
Ꮖ
y
instrument provides that a, b, c, d, &c., become y. a, y.b, y.c, y.d &c. or
as the case may be.
a b c d
Y, Y, Y, Y,
&c.
The instruments are varied in detail in special adaptation for certain purposes.
They are firstly those for which whilst the abscissa or equivalent may be varied in
length at pleasure the ordinates or their equivalents remain at fixed relative distances
as before explained and secondly those in which this relative distance of ordinates &c."
as also their sum or abscissa &c. may both be varied at pleasure.
In a form of instrument of the first named class the denoters or ruling-edges for
ordinates &c. are so relatively distanced that the sum of the lengths of the ordinates
(for which they form the ruling-edges or denoters) divided by the number of them
will give a length equal to their mean. Now taking an indicator-diagram the mean
ordinate represents the mean-pressure. And also in any figure the mean height or
ordinate (as the case may be) multiplied by the sum of the distances of such will give
it area.
The instrument is to give the positions of these ordinates. The scale gives
at reading their mean value. This mean value is all that is required from an indicator-
diagram for the purpose of calculating the horse power.
My scales comprise the ordinary scales of any measure but having this difference
that whereas in ordinary scales each length or division represents to scale some fixed
length and is denoted (usually by figures) by that length which it represents; in my
scales these divisions though retaining their original designations are increased in
length just as many times as there are ordinates in the instrument to which it refers.
For example suppose a diagram having say ten ordinates between its containing per-
pendiculars and these ordinates so distanced that the sum of their lengths divided by
their number gives a length equal to their mean length. Again, suppose the diagram to

page_text: scale of and the total length of ordinates measures to scale 40 then evidently their
mean value is . Now my scales have this difference that whereas this length if
applied to ordinary scales would read 40, in mine it reads . In other words my
scales give the mean reading directly from the sum of the lengths. In a form of
instrument of the second named class provision is made whereby the relative distances
of the denoters or ruling edges for ordinates may be varied at pleasure.
In general the object of the instrument in its varied form is to at once denote the
positions of the extreme perpendiculars as also the bisecting perpendiculars of ten or
other chosen number of ordinates in chosen relative position between the containing
perpendiculars; or of any number of ordinates lines or points in any desired relative
position in respect to either containing perpendiculars or extremities.
To my scales are affixed formulæ and memoranda in special relation to the purposes
for which the instrument is adapted or such as are specially useful to those for whom
it is intended.
.
In carrying out the invention the instrument is constructed of two end bars on
which are marked corresponding lines. A cross-bar is fixed on one of the end bars
in any suitable manner and serves to keep the end bars parallel to each other and
prevent any lateral motion by means of a pin or stud over which works a slot in the
cross-bar, or by any other suitable sliding arrangement. A number of parallel bars
are jointed to lever bars or connecting links which are jointed to the said end-bars.
The aforesaid parallel bars being in such relative position as may suit any particular
purpose. A milled headed button or knob or other suitable attachment is provided on
the end bars for the purpose of lifting, placing or retaining the instrument in position.
A milled nut works over the end of the said pin or stud (or other suitable clamping
arrangements may be provided) whereby the instrument may be fixed for number
of diagrams or figures of the same length.
any
The parallel bars and connecting links to which they are attached may be of any
desired form, number, length and material. On the aforesaid cross-bar there may be
any desired scale of lengths or suitable divisions adapted for particular purposes.
The various centres and screws connecting the several parts may be of any suitable
design, material or materials.
Appliances such as perforators, prickers, or markers, or suitable attachments for
the same are added as found desirable.
In the accompanying drawing figure 1 represents an elevation of a gridiron ruler
for laying out ordinates according to my invention; figure 2 is a section on line A B
of figure 1; figure 3 is a similar view on line C. D. of figure 1 and figure 4 is an
edge view shewing one of the joints of the ruler; figure 5 represents an indicator
diagram for the purpose of illustrating the use of my improved ruler. Figure 1 is
drawn about full size, figure 2 four times the actual size and figures 3 and 4 twice the
actual size. Similar letters in all the figures represent similar parts..
a, a, represent the end bars and b, b, b, b, indicate the corresponding lines marked
thereon; c, is the cross bar fixed at d, d, to one of the end bars a, and serving to keep
the end bars parallel to each other and prevent any lateral motion; e, is the pin or
stud over which works the slot f, in the cross bar c, by operating a milled nut a', on
which pin or stud the cross bar c, can be fixed to the end bar a, (for any number of
diagrams or figures of like length, to be marked off therefrom) or loosened therefrom
when required to adjust the width of the ruler; 9, 9, are the lever bars or connecting
links jointed at h, h, to the end bars a, a, and to each other as shewn at i, i; j,j, j,j, are
the parallel bars jointed at k, k, k, k, to the lever bars g, g, and placed in such relative
position as will suit the particular requirements of the case; 1, is a milled headed
button or knob which with the milled nut a', serves for the purpose of lifting, placing
or retaining the ruler in position. In an instrument of the second-named class the
bars j, j, are jointed in such a manner that they may be shifted or slid to other
positions. This is effected by having any number of other holes in the lever-bars g, g,
which holes may be in any desired positions, or in place of such holes the pivots on
which the bars j,, move may themselves slide in slots in those end bars g, g, these
pivots having ends adapted to slide and retain themselves in any position placed.

page_text: In order to ascertain the indicated horse power from an indicator-diagram, having
loosened the nut a¹, I extend my improved ruler across the diagram in such manner
that it just contains it the corresponding lines b, b, on each end bar a, coinciding with
the atmospheric line A, B. The ten bisecting ordinates are then drawn in by means
of the parallel bars j, j,j,j, (as also the two containing perpendiculars if required for
other purposes). It is obvious that the instrument can be fixed by the nut a¹, for the
purpose of drawing the ordinates of any number of cards of the same travel. The
quickest, and at the same time, the most accurate method of obtaining the mean valuo
of the ten ordinates thus obtained is to take a strip of paper. Apply this to the
diagram and mark off the ordinates in one continuous length; apply this to my
improved scale and the exact mean pressure can be read at sight therefrom.
Having now particularly descrided and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is.—
1. The improved gridiron ruler for laying out ordinates hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
2. The use in combination with the gridiron ruler herein described, of the improved
scale substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3. The herein described method of laying out ordinates and obtaining results from
indicator and other diagrams by the use of my improved gridiron ruler and scale
substantially as set forth.
4,
G. F. REDFERN,
South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agent for the Applicant.