IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Brierly, of Chorley, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR
SPINNING AND DOUBLING"
Sealed the 19th September 1856, and dated the 22nd March 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Brierly at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd March 1856.
I, the said IIENRY BRIERLY, of Chorley, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING, to be as follows:-
My Invention refers, firstly, to the operation usually termed governing
the winding-on motion of self-acting mules. In order to effect this, it is
necessary to give motion at intervals to certain parts of the machine, (the
screw in the winding-on apparatus of "Sharp and Roberts" mule, for instance),
which motion has to be regulated through the agency of the faller, regulated
by the tension of the yarn, if the operation be self acting; for this purpose,
it is requisite that a connexion shall be established between two parts, but in
such a manner that its arrangement may be capable of alteration, so as to
accommodate itself to different positions of the machine. This object I effect
by the use of two or more rods or shafts, jointed together so as to form varying
angles to each other, but provided at the said joints with gearing, or other
apparatus, for transmitting motion; thus, for instance, in the winding-on motion
known as Sharp and Roberts' I employ two shafts, the extremity of the onio

page_text: connected so as to turn the screw, and the end of the other provided with
wheelwork for receiving motion from the "winding-on drum;" the junction
of these two shafts is a joint also furnished with wheelwork; and rotary motion
may, therefore, be communicated throughout, although the two shafts may alter
in relative positions, and such motion is capable of being regulated by a clutch
box governed by the faller. Another method of effecting..the same object
consists in the employment of a shaft, one end of which is connected by
gearing to the regulating screw; the said shaft is also provided with a pinion
connected to the faller as aforesaid, and capable of traversing the shaft by
means of a feather or equivalent means, and, consequently, of communicating
motion thereto at any point.
Another part of my Invention consists in a combination of mechanism, for
the purpose of bringing together and disengaging the cones, or other driving-
friction apparatus, for effecting the-backing-off in self-acting mules, and also
for gearing and ungearing the "putting-up" motion. The apparatus I employ
consists of a rod capable of sliding backward and forward, but continuously
drawn in one direction.. During the spinning this rod is detained in one
position by a catch, so as to allow the cones to remain apart; but when the
change for backing-off is. required it is liberated therefrom, thereby allowing
the said cones or other such apparatus to be pressed into connexion. For the
purpose of disengaging the cones, and for bringing the putting-up motion. of
the carriage into action, the said sliding rod is connected to the faller latch, and
is allowed to make a second movement upon the depression of the faller;
subsequently it is restored to the first-mentioned position as the carriage finishes
-the running-in.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of tlie conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Brierly in the Great Seal Patent Office 'on the 22ndl
*September 1856.
TO ALL TO: WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
BRIERLY, of Chorley, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of March, in the year of our
Lord, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year. of
Her reign, 'did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and,grant unto
me, the said Henry Brierly, Her especial license that I, the said Henry
Brierly, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the

page_text: said Henry Brierly, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the. Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING," upon the condition, amongst
others, that I, the said Henry Brierly, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the.
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause.
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar.
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Brierly, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and .by the following statement
and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:
The first part of this Invention consists of certain combinations of me-
chanism, for the purpose of effecting the operation termed "governing" the
winding-on motion of the machine called the self-acting mule, i. e. regulating
the amount of motion given to the spindle in winding-on, in accordance with
the different dimensions which the cop assumes during its formation.
Figure 1 in the annexed Sheet of Drawings represents certain parts of a.
mule-head stock; and Figs. 2 and 3 detached portions of the governing.
motion; A, A, marking the framing, and D a section of the carriage. In this
case the winding-on motion is supposed to be effected by the application of
the quadrant C attached to the headstock, acting upon the drum E in the
carriage by a chain E', in the manner already well known and in use. In
order to govern or regulate the action of this apparatus, a spur wheel, indicated.
by the circle H, is placed in geer with the wheel F of the winding-on drum, or
with a wheel upon any shaft in the carriage, which revolves during the running-
in. The wheel H is keyed upon a short shaft I, I, which works in a suitable
bearing, bolted to the lower side of the square or iron frame, which connects
the two parts of the carriage together (see Fig. 3). Upon the shaft I is
placed a bevil wheel c; in geer with this wheel is another small bevil placed
at one end of a short shaft 1, at the other end of which is another small bevil,
geering into a wheel M, hereafter referred to (see Fig. 3). This shaft works
in bearings k, k, cast upon the arm or link K. One end of this arm or link
works loose upon the shaft I as a fulcrum, and the other end upon a centre
pin m², fastened into one end of a second arm or link L, which is also cast
with bearings, similar to those shewn at k, k, in the link K, and in these

page_text: bearings works the small shaft 2, furnished, as is shaft 1, with a small bevil:
wheel at each end, one of which also geers with the wheel M before men-
tioned, and the other into a bevil wheel N (see Figs. 1 and 2). This last wheel.
geers into another bevil N', placed at the upper end of the quadrant screw..
The other end of the link L works on a pin x attached to the quadrant as a ful-. 5
crum. Now it is evident that the two arms K and L being jointed together, as;
shown at.M; and also having their contrary ends working upon pivots, as at I,
and respectively, are capable of assuming different angles and positions with
relation to each other; as, for example, these arms are shewn in Fig. 1 in the.
position which they assume when the carriage is run out from the rollers, and 1
as the carriage runs in they will assume positions such as those indicatcil by:
the red, blue, yellow, and green lines, the last of which shew the position in
which the arms will be when the carriage is run in. This angular motion of
the two arms makes up for the different degrees of velocity with which the
end of the quadrant and the carriage move, and the different spaces described.
by them, but at the same time allows the shafts 1 and 2 to operate by means
of the geering connected with them upon the screw when necessary. This
they are made, to do by the application of, the catch box W (Fig. 3), one part
of which is fast to the spur wheel II, and the other part slides upon a key on?
the shaft I; this latter part has a grooved boss, into which a bowl or a fork,
at the lower end of the bent lever T takes. This lever works in a pin or stud
attached to the square, and on the horizontal part thereof is a small weight t,
the gravity of which has a constant tendency to press the catch box W into:
geer; but this is prevented by its being suspended by means of a small chain s
passing round a pulley R connected to the lever) from the faller end P', P²..
The action of this mechanism is as follows:-Suppose the formation of the
cop to be commencing as the carriage runs out, the catch box W is kept out
of geer by the chain s, as represented at Figure 3, and the shafts 1 and 2, and
wheels in connection therewith, being made to work perfectly free no effect
is produced upon the screw X; but as the carriage runs in and when the
cop begins to increase in thickness, the increasing tightness of the yarn in
winding-on will, by pulling, down the counter faller P below its usual level
of working, also let down the loaded end of the lever T, and thereby cause
the other end of that lever to press the catch box W into geer. When, this
takes place the shaft 1 is turned round by the wheel H being in motion, and
by that means communicates motion to the screw ✗, through the medium of
the shafts 1 and 2, and wheels connected thereto; and when, by that means,
the too great tension of the yarn is relieved, the counter faller rising will pull
up the horizontal end of the lever T, and thereby cause the other end to draw.

page_text: the catch box again out of geer. It may here be observed, that the arrange-
ment and action of the chain s, the lever T, and catch box may be such as are
well known and have been heretofore in use for a similar purpose, these parts
being so adjusted as always to keep the catch box W out of geer, unless when
the too great depression of the counter-faller shews that the winding-on motion
is becoming too tight.
:
And whereas it is desirable that this operation of governing, should be so
adjusted as to require no aid whatever from the hand of the operative at. any
time during the formation of the cop, and as the tapering form of the spindle
renders it proper for the perfect attaining of this object, that the action of the
mechanism should be so adjusted as to be adapted to such tapering form of the
spindle; to this end the upright faller latch O (hereafter referred to) is here
made with the upper end thereof bent backwards, as at o, o¹; and by this means
it is evident that the lifting of the faller at the termination of the running-in
will vary from stretch to stretch, as at the commencement of the cop when the
shaper rail (which is placed near the floor and on which the bowl P runs)!and;
consequently, the latch is higher than at any other time; the part of the latch!o
will come in contact with the stud Q, and, consequently, the latch will be pút
back sooner than when the shaper has worked down, and brings the dmore
backward part of the latch o¹ to act against the stud; the difference being that;
suppose the part o, o', to be inclined backwards one inch, the carriage will have
to move in one inch further, before the faller rises when the coptis near
completion than when it is at the commencement. This arrangement being
made, the apparatus may be set to wind the yarn in such a manner that the
tension at the finish will always be sufficient to draw the yarn tight; supposing
the small diameter of the spindle to be the one then acted upon, but the earlier
liberation of the faller at the begining of the cop will prevent that tension
from staining the yarn, while the larger diameter is being acted upon; the faller
rising later every stretch as the yarn is wound higher, and consequently on a
smaller diameter of the spindle; but as this earlier liberation of the faller at
the begining of the cop would be liable to leave "snarls" in the yarn, unless
some precaution were taken to prevent it, I place a ratchet wheel, as S, in
some convenient position, to which I give continuous rotary motion, by or from
any suitable part of the machine; as, for instance, by a train of wheels from the
shaft 93 attached to the faller end is a piece V indicated by dotted lines which is
here supposed to be suspended from the faller end, and the lower part thereof to
pass through a slot in the lower part of the square, and this piece carries a catch
V pointing upwards, and retained in this position by the small spring.V. Now
when the carriage is near finishing the running-in, and the latch O is put back

page_text: as aforesaid, this catch is so adjusted so to come into geer with the ratchet
wheel, and on the faller attempting to rise it is only permitted to do so as the
wheel revolves, which it does in the direction indicated' by the arrows flight;
this prevents the faller from rising so quickly as to leave "suarls" in the yarn,
Land causes the winding on of the yarn to be continued up to the very point of
the spindle; thus assuming the quadrant and drum to be so adjusted as to give
a correct ratio of motion to the spindle, a completé governing or regulation of
the winding-on is obtained throughout the cop. In the application of the above-
described combination of mechanism, it is not requisite that the particular
arrangement shewn in the Drawings referred to should be adopted, as it is
obvious that these arms or links may be applied under different circumstances,
whether the winding-on apparatus be such as that shewn at Figure 1 (which is
liere introduced as being one generally known and understood) or otherwise, it
being evident that, one end of the link K being connected to the carriage, and
the motion of the shaft 1 being produced as herein-before described, such
motion may be communicated to any description of apparatus which it may be
thought advisable to adopt for winding-on; or; where the difference of move-
ment between the point in the carriage from which the motion proceeds, (as I;
Figs: 1'and 3,) and the point of the winding-on apparatus to which the junction
is effected is only small, I use a single revolving shaft which is made in two
parts, one of which is hollow and receives the other to slide therein as in
Figure 3, where a- represents one part of such a shaft,; and b. the other and
hollow part. The part a has a key ƒ thereon, and the hollow part of: 6 has a
groove 'corresponding thereto. It is here obvious that rotary motion may be
communicated from one part of the shaft to the other, while at the same time
the bearings which support the ends of the shaft, may approach towards or
recede from each other, by the part a sliding to and fro in the part v.: The
bearings which support the ends of the shaft, may be adapted to the particular
circumstances under which the shaft is required to act, and may either be
ordinary fixings or swivel bearers, similar to that shewn as carrying the twist
shaft, Figs. 1 and 5. Another modification of apparatus for the above-named
purpose is shewn at Figure 4, where A represents a liorizontal shaft, at one end
of which is bevil' wheel a; which geers into another bevil placed on a stud
concentric with the centre of the quadrant, at the back of which, and connected
thereto; is the usual bevil wheel applied for working the screw X, geering into
its fellow at the foot thereof. It will thus be evident that the shaft being
turned will communicate motion to the screw, whatever may be the particular
position of the quadrant. In order to cause the shaft to do this at the proper
time, a spur wheel is geered into the winding-on wheel, so as to give motion to

page_text: a short cross shaft similar to that shewn at I, I, (Fig. 3,) which is 'furnished
with a catch box also arranged in the same way as that there shewn, and a
bevil wheel answering to the bevil c, in Figure 3, geering into a bevil g, (Fig. 4);
the boss of this wheel is cast of some length and turned so as to work in, a
bearing d, fastened to the square, and consequently travelling backwards and
forwards therewith. The wheel g is slotted, to correspond with a key c, c, in
the shaft A, on which it slides backwards and forwards during the alternato
movements of the carriage, while at the same time it is capable of revolving.in
the bearer d, which it does when the tension of the yarn pulls down the
counter-faller, and puts the catch box into geer as herein-before explained;
when this takes place the shaft A is made to revolve, and thereby turn the
governing screw by means of the bevil wheels at the foot of the quadrant
already described. The arrangement of the lever, which operates upon the
catch box, is similar to that already described by reference to Figs. 1 and 3...
The second part of this Invention consists of certain combinations of
mechanism for the purpose of bringing the backing-off cones, or other appa:
ratus used for that purpose, into and out of action, and. for geering and
ungeering the drawing-up motion of the carriage. In Figure 1 there is a
horizontal rod marked 20; shewn as placed alongside the mule headstock, and
capable of sliding backwards and forwards in brackets attached thereto.. At
the back part of the headstock is a weighted lever 21, working upon a pivot
19, having at its upper end a slot, into which a pin in the rod 20 .takes, and
by the action of the weight 22 this lever has a constant tendency to draw the
rod 20 towards the back of the headstock. This is prevented during the
operation of spinning, by a catch 54 acting upon a pin 55 in the rod, .which is
thus retained in the position shewn in the Figure until the carriage reaches
the termination of the stretch outwards, when the faller rod or some other
part of the machine comes in contact.with the lower and curved part of the
catch, and thereby lifts it so as to free the rod 20; when this takes place tho
small bowl 28, on a piece of metal fastened on the rod; is allowed to press
against the twist plate 29. This plate is placed at one end of a short shaft,
which works in a swivel bearing (see Fig. 5), and at the other end is the
worm wheel 30. This swivel bearing is placed on a stud 31, screwed to some
part of the headstock, which forms a. fulcrum on which it is allowed.to turn in
such a manner as to either raise or lower either the plate or the wheel. The
end next the plate is so made as to be the heavier end, and by this means the
wheel 30 is kept.raised up out of geer with the worm 32, and the shaft and
plate consequently remain stationary, and in the position shewn, until 'the
liberation of rod 20, as aforesaid, causes bowl 28 to press against the plate,

page_text: and that bowl being below the centre of the plate, this pressure acts in such a
manner as to push the plate slightly upwards, and thereby depresses the wheel
30 into geer with the worm 32. This worm is constantly revolving by, means
of the driving strap of the machine, which runs upon the fast pulley 3, also
running partly upon. the loose putting-up pulley 4 which has a long boss, at
the end of which is a spur wheel 6, which drives the putting-up and backing
off shaft 9 in the usual manner.. The wheel 30 being then pressed into geer
with the worm, the twist shaft begins to revolve. The twisting of the yarn
at the head," as it is technically termed, is performed while the circular part
of the plate is in contact with bowl 28, and when the revolution of the plate
has been continued until the notch. therein is brought to the bowl, the rod 20
is allowed to be drawn gently backwards by the gravity of weight 22, and this
causes a second small bowl 17 (placed on a swivel piece 18, on a rod 20) to
pass under the projecting part 15 of the lever 14, and this causes that lever to
operate on a cross shaft working in stands in the headstock, on which is the
fork 13, in such a manner as to press the cones (which are made in the usual
and well-known manner) into contact, and thereby produce the movement of
backing-off. The duration of the backing-off is regulated by having a small
bent lever 37 connected to the rod 20. This lever works on a stud in the
framing; and carries a bowl 38 on the horizontal part thereof, and when the
rod 20 has moved, forward so as to bring bowl 17 into action on lever 14,
the bowl 38 rests upon an upright piece 39, which is supported on a stud 40
attached to the carriage, and the rod 20 is thus sustained in that position
until the backing-off is effected. The upright faller latch o has a pin at 41;
which takes into a slot in piece 89, and when the action of backing-off pulls
down the faller in the usual manner, by the small chain passing round the bowl
44 to the sector 43 on the faller rod, the rack 42 is raised thereby until the
latch closes up underneath. it; the action in this respect being similar to that
of the faller latch shewn and described in the Specification of a former Patent;
granted to me, and dated the Second of November, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-three. The closing up of this latch causes the upper part of
piece 39 to be likewise pulled inwards, and this leaves the bowl 38 which, now
ceasing to support the rod 20, the weight 22 again causes a second movement
thereof backwards, which second movement causes the bowl 17 to pass from
under the part 15. of lever 14 and to press upon the curved part 16 thereof,
thereby restoring it to the position shewn in the Figure, and causing it to
disengage the cones, and the backing-off consequently ceases. The amount of
backing-off. is regulated by the descent of the shaper rail during the forma;
tion. of the cop, causing the latch O to close up sooner at each succeeding

page_text: stretch. When the carriage is run in, the bowl 23 attached thereto strikeś
against the lower end of the lever 21, and thus restores it to the position shewn
in the Figure, when it will be again supported by the latch 54 until required
to act at the next stretch. The bowl 17, being on a swivel piece 18, now dips
down so as to pass under the part 15 of the lever without acting upon it, and
is restored to the position shewn in the Figure by: the gravity of the lower and:
heavier end thereof. This piece is capable of vibrating in this one direction only,
being prevented from doing so in the other direction by the projection shewn.
in the upper part thereof, which is turned inwards so as to rest on the top of
rod 20. The twist plate, having the bowl 28 underneath its own centre,.and.
the upward pressure thereof having ceased when rod 20 is sustained in the
position for backing-off, the weight of the plate again causes it to lift the wheel
out of geer with the worm 32, leaving the rod 20 perfectly at liberty to inake
the second movement backwards, and the putting back of the rod at the
running-in of the carriage causes the bowl 28 to throw back the plate into the
situation represented, in which it is retained by a stud z, resting on a pro->
jection from the swivel (see Fig. 5). The amount of twist given to the yarn
after the running-out of the carriage depends on the position of the sud z.in
the plate, as by moving it in the slot either a greater or less extent of the
circular part of the plate may be made to act on the bowl before bringing it to:
the notch, and the amount of twist put into the yarn while the carriage is
running-out being regulated by the relative speed of the carriage and spindles,'
it follows, that to alter the twist no alteration in size of the wheel 30 is
necessary. There is a small stud or bowl 27 also on rod 20, which acts upon
the bent horizontal part 26 of the strap guide 25, when tho. rod 20° moves:
back wards, and thereby changes the strap froin pulley 3 wholly to pulley 4,
and when rod 20 is restored to its place, as aforesaid, the bowl 27. leaving the
strap guide at liberty, a small weighted lever 35 at the front of the headstock:
draws the strap again upon pulley 3. The loose pulley 5 is placed on the
boss of the putting-up. pulley 4, and the machine is stopped in any part of its:
action by laying hold of the rod 34, and pushing it backwards so as to place
the strap on that pulley, and it is retained there by a catch 36 .falling into
contact with a pin in the lever 35; until the machine. is required again to act,
when the catch 36 being raised will liberate the strap-rod, and again allow
the weighted lever 35 to place the strap on pulley 3. This arrangement of:
the strap pullies and guide dispenses with the necessity for a counter-shaft and:
second strap for driving the machine from the mill-gearing, as has been usual in
machines of this class, and thus renders the driving of the machine both steadier
and more simple. The geering and ungeering of the drawing-up.motion of

page_text: the carriage are effected. as follows:-On rod 20 is a finger or stud 47, project-
ing through a slot in the side of the framing. This finger is placed in such a
position that when the rod.makes the second movement in disengaging, the
backing-off motion, as, before explained, it strikes against the lower part of a
small lever 46, 53, working.on.a stud in the framing, and thus geers the
catch box 45, which sets in motion the drawing-up apparatus. There is a
latch 48 also on a stud in the framing, which, when this movement takes place,
falls into action upon a square stud, shown a little below the fulcrum of lever
46, by the longer and bent end of the latch being heavier than the other;
this keeps the catch-box locked in geer during the running-in of the carriage,
and when the carriage is closing up and the rod 20 is put back, as aforesaid,
a second finger 49 presses against a small arm 50, suspended from a stud in
the framing, and draws the spring 52 into a state of tension. This spring is
connected at one end to the arm 50, and at the other to the lever 46, and
being drawn into a state of tension is prepared for disengaging the catch-box
the moment the bent end of the latch 48 is raised by the same finger 49 as
the carriage closes up, thereby liberating the lever 46.
. Another method of effecting this object is shewn at Fig. 6, where 22
represents a section of the horizontal part of the lever 21 in Fig. 1, and in
this case the drawing-up motion is supposed to be placed at the back of the
headstock; 56 represents a disk, working on a stud in the framing, furnished
with teeth on one side, and the other side forming two projecting cams a, b,
between which the horizontal arm of lever 21 works; 60, represents a small
toothed sector, placed upon a second stud in the framing, and attached to it is
a circular plate 57, having therein a curved slot 58, into which takes a stud
or bowl 61, at the end of the lever 62, which works on a stud or pin in the
framing, and has midway a pin, which actuates the sliding part of the catch-
box 63. It is here supposed that to geer the catch-box this sliding part
requires to move upwards; and to effect this the two cams a and b are so
arranged, with respect to distance, that the lever arm. 22 has sufficient play
between them to allow for its motion in bringing the backing-off into
operation, as before described, without acting upon the catch-box; but when
the second drop of the lever takes place in disengaging. the backing-off
apparatus, the lever arm striking upon the cam 6 causes the disk 56 to make
a small part of a revolution on its centre, in the direction of the arrow's flight
above. it, and by the action of the toothed part thereof on sector 60. the plate
57 is made to perform a greater part of a revolution in the contrary direction;
this causes the plate to bring the curved slot round, and act upon the end of
the lever so as to raise it upwards and geer the catch-box, and retain it in

page_text: geer until the carriage is finishing the running-in, when the restoring of lever
21 to its first position, as before explained, causes the part 22 thereof to come
suddenly in contact with cam a, and by reversing the motion of the parts again
places the box out of geer. The difference between the radii of disk, 56 and
sector 60 is for the purpose of rendering the action of the plate 57 rapid and
decisive, and at the same time sufficient in extent to change the box in and
out of geer, by the application of only a small amount of movement in lever
arm 22.
of
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which it is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim as
my Invention the whole of the different parts of mechanism here shewn, so
far as regards the separate use of such parts; as, for example, the small chains,
lever T, and catch-box W, shewn in Figs. 1 and 3, are well known as having
been already in use in connection with apparatus for governing the winding-
on motion. Therefore, in order to define particularly what is the Invention
here claimed, I hereby, declare it to consist of mechanism such as is herein-
before described, and represented by reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 3, and 4, or any
mechanism substantially the same, by means of which motion may be.com
municated from geering in the carriage to the regulating part of the winding-
on apparatus, whatever may be the relative positions and movements of the
carriage and winding-on apparatus with respect to each other.
And I, also, claim as of my Invention the mechanical combinations and
arrangements herein-before described, and represented by reference to Figs., 1
and 5, for the purpose of bringing into and out of action the apparatus for
stopping and reversing the motion of the spindles or backing-off; and also the
mechanical combinations and arrangements berein-before described, and repre-
sented by reference to Figs. 1 and 6, for the purpose of putting into and out
of action the drawing-up motion of the carriage.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Brierly, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
HENRY BRIERLY. (L.S.)