IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS OR COMPOUNDS FOR COATING OR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Frederick Crease, of Eastney, in the County
of Southampton, Captain in the Royal Marine Artillery, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS OR COMPOUNDS FOR COATING OR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Frederick Crease
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd May 1871.
I, JOHN FREDERICK CREASE, of Eastney, in the County of South-
ampton, Captain in the Royal Marine Artillery, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS OR COMPOUNDS
FOR COATING OR Covering Metallic and other SurfACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of improved compositions
or compounds for coating or covering metallic and other surfaces, for
which purposes the acids found in coal tar are to be used in combination
with Roman cement or Portland cement or other cement of the like
character. Thus according to this Invention phenol or carbolic acid,

page_text: cresylic acid, xylylic acid, phlorylic acid, rosolic acid, and brunolic acid
may be used either singly or in conjunction of two or more or the
whole of such acids in combination with Roman cement or Portland
cement or other cement of the like character; or with a mixture of such
cements according to the purpose for which the composition or
compound is to be used.
When the composition or compound is intended to be used as a
cement coating and applied by means of a trowel the Portland, Roman,
or other like cement or cements is or are to be ground coarsely and
mixed with the acid or acids until the whole forms a pasty mass, but
when the mixture is to be used in the form of a paint the cement or
cements is or are to be finely powdered and an increased quantity of
the acid or acids mixed therewith so as to render the composition
-sufficiently-liquid-to-enable it to be ground as a paint and then applied
by a brush in one or more coats in the ordinary manner of painting,
The composition or compound formed by the admixture-of-the-acid-
or acids and cement or cements as described may be used alone for
coating the bottoms of iron and wooden vessels both inside and out, or
other surfaces to be protected from the action of sea water, or may
in some cases be employed as a vehicle for attaching to such surfaces
metallic or vegetable anti-fouling substances or metallic colors or other-
wise. Coal or mineral tär, or coal or 'mineral tar and asphalte, bitumen,
or coal pitch mixed in certain proportions together by boiling, or Hay's
patent waterproof glue or other like glue may be used if required with
the mixture of acid or acids and cement or cements for the purpose of
rendering the composition or compound waterproof, and after the ship's
or other surface to be protected has been coated with the waterproof
composition or compound so prepared an additional coating or coatings
may be applied over the first such additional coating consisting of
the simple composition of the before-named acid or acids and cement
or cements mixed with metallic or vegetable anti-fouling substances.
By these means the coated metallic or other surface will not only be
protected from the action of sea water by means of the waterproof
properties of the coal or mineral 'tar, asphalte, bitumen, or Hay's or
other like waterproof glue, and by the water resisting qualities of the
cement, or cements, but the adhesion of barnacles and other living
substances and the growth of vegetable matter will be prevented by
the action of 'the anti-fouling substances, which by the use of acid or

page_text: acids and cement or cements according to this Invention are more
securely and durably attached to the ship's or other surface than by the
means heretofore usually adopted for that purpose.
When preparing the composition or compound to be used for coating
either by itself or as a vehicle for attaching metallic or other paints of
any particular color to metallic and other surfaces exposed to the action
of damp air, fresh water, and so forth, I mix the acid or acids either
singly or together with boiled linseed or other like oil, or with the heavy
oil of coal tar, and add thereto when necessary certain quantities of
Japan gold size or terabine, or other convenient driers; to the mixture
thus constituted I add the finely ground Roman or Portland or other
like cement or cements, grinding the whole well up. The metallic color
is then added and ground in with the cement; this can be used also
as an anti-corrosive paint for metallic or other surfaces exposed to the
action of salt water.
In the manufacture or preparation of compositions or compounds
according to my Invention the qualities of the compositions or com-
pounds may be varied more or less to suit circumstances by using other
substances than those I have mentioned so long as the bases of such
compositions or compounds be composed of one or more of the acids
which are found in coal tar used in conjunction or combination with
Roman cement or Portland cement or other cement of the like character
or with a mixture of such cements as aforesaid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Frederick Crease in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd November 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FREDERICK CREASE, of Eastney, in the County of Southampton, Captain
in the Royal Marine Artillery, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Frederick Crease, Her special licence

page_text: 1
that I, the said John Frederick Crease, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Frederick Crease, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVED COMPOSITIONS OR COMPOUNDS FOR COATING OR COVERING METALLIC AND
OTHER SURFACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Frederick Crease, my exccutors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately-after-the date of the said Letters-Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Frederick Creasc, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say) —
This Invention relates to the production of improved compositions or
compounds for coating or covering metallic and other surfaces, for which
purposes the principal acids found in coal tar, namely, carbolic acid
and cresylic acid, are to be used in combination with Roman cement or
Portland cement or other cement of the like character. Thus according
to my Invention I mix cresylic acid or carbolic acid, preferring carbolic a
acid of the kind well known in commerce as Calvert's No. 5 carbolic acid
(which contains eighty-five per cent. of carbolic and cresylic acids, and
is sold by Messrs. Calvert and Company, of Manchester) with Roman
cement or Portland cement, or with Roman and Portland cement.
When the composition or compound is intended to be used as a cement 3
coating and applied by means of a trowel the Portland, Roman, or other
like cement or cements is or are to be ground coarsely and mixed with
the acid or acids until the whole forms a pasty mass, but when the
mixture is to be used in the form of a paint the cement is to be finely
powdered or ground and an increased quantity of the acid (or acids) 3
mixed therewith so as to render the composition sufficiently liquid to
enable it to be ground as a paint and then applied by a brush in one or
more coats in the ordinary manner of painting.

page_text: In carrying out my Invention I have found that very good coating
compositions or compounds suitable for use as paints to be applied by
means of a brush are produced by using the under-mentioned materials
in the following proportions by measure, viz*.-

page_text: be advantageously mixed in equal parts with either of the compositions
or compounds of acid or acids and cement or cements herein-before,
described for the purpose of making such herein-before described com-.
positions or compounds waterproof, viz*.-
Coal tar or mineral tar
-
part by measure
3 parts by measure,
Coal pitch
mixed by being dissolved.
together by heat.
When it is required to use any of these waterproofing materials or
compositions in a more liquid state than is herein specified, I should
render them so by adding thereto larger quantities of a suitable solvent,
such as Calvert's No. 5 carbolic acid or coal naptha.
After the ship's or other surface to be protected has been coated with
one or more coats of the waterproof composition or compound prepared
by the admixture in equal proportions of my aforesaid compositions or
compounds (consisting of acid or acids and cement or cements) with
the waterproofing materials or compositions just described, an additional
coating or coatings may be applied over the said waterproof coating
or coatings; the additional coating or coatings to be so applied consist-
ing of a mixture containing one of my compositions or compounds of
acid and cement mixed with the metallic or vegetable anti-fouling sub-
stances to be attached to the surface intended to be so covered. Thus,
for example, the anti-fouling coating to be laid on over the waterproof
coating may be mixed in the following proportions, viz. :-One gallon
of the composition or compound of acid and cement to one gallon of
sulphate of baryta, and one quarter of a pound of corrosive sublimate,
the whole being well mixed together and made sufficiently liquid by the

page_text: addition of Calvert's No. 5 carbolic acid to lay on easily with a brush.
By these means the coated metallic or other surface will not only be
protected from the action of sea water by means of the waterproof
properties of the coal or mineral tar, asphalte, bitumen, Hay's gluc,
or other waterproof material as described, and by the water resisting
qualities of the cement or cements, but the adhesion of barnacles and
other living substances and the growth of vegetable matter on such
coatings will be prevented by the action of the anti-fouling substances,
which by the use of the compositions or compounds of acid or acids and
cement or cements according to this Invention are more securely and
durably attached to the ship's or other surface than by the means hereto-
fore usually adopted for that purpose.
When preparing my improved compositions or compounds of acid and
cement to be used for coating either by themselves or as vehicles for
attaching metallic or other paints of any particular color to metallic
and other surfaces exposed to the action of damp air, fresh water, and
so forth, I mix the acid or acids with boiled linseed or other like fixed
oil, or with the heavy oil of coal tar, and add thereto (when the said
coating is required to be dried rapidly) certain quantities of Japan
gold size or terabine or other convenient driers; to the mixture thus
constituted I add the finely ground Roman or Portland or other like
cement or cements, grinding the whole well up. The following pro-
nortions I have found to answer well vizů :

page_text: And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect, I hereby declare that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the manufacture of com-
positions or compounds for coating or covering metallic and other
surfaces in which the principal acids found in coal tar, namely, carbolic
acid and cresylic acid (together or singly), are used in combination with
Roman cement, Portland cement, or other cement of the like character,
substantially as herein-before described.
•
-
In witness whereof, I, the said John Frederick Crease, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one..
T