matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY POTS FOR THE PREVENTION OF DOWN DRAFT AND FOR CURING SMOKY CHIMNIES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th November
1864.
I, JOHN BELL, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex, Plasterer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHIMNEY POTS FOR THE PREVENTION OF DOWN DRAFT AND FOR CURING SMOKY
CHIMNIES," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in chimney pots is intended to prevent
chimnies from smoking, and also to protect them from down draft.
These objects are effected by the following combination of parts:-A rotary
fan or wheel is mounted within or upon the pot in order when driven by the
wind that it may exhaust or draw the smoke from the chimney. It will also
prevent the soot from adhering to the inside of the pot. The pot fitted with
this rotary fan or wheel is constructed with hollow sides or vertical passages
communicating with the interior of the pot at the upper end and with the
external air. Other openings are provided in the sides of the pot below the
external openings to the hollow sides so that a kind of syphon is formed, an:l
as the external air rushes into the lower openings that portion of the smoke
which does not escape at the top will pass down the hollow sides of the pot
and out to the external air by the openings below.
A PORTABLE FRUIT-DRESSING MACHINE FOR CLEANING AND REMOVING THE STALKS AND DIRT PROM CURRANTS, RAISINS, AND OTHER FRUITS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Barnicoat and
David Barr at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th August 1864.
We, WILLIAM HENRY BARNICOAT, of Alma Street, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Grocer, and DAVID BARR, of No. 4, Cherry Street,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, House and Estate Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A PORTABLE FRUIT-DRESSING
MACHINE FOR CLEANING AND REMOVING THE STALKS AND DIRT PROM CURRANTS,
RAISINS, AND OTHER FRUITS," to be as follows:-
A vertical shaft is made to revolve by means of a handle placed at the top
thereof, on which is fixed one or more iron arms. On each of the arms is
fixed a circular or curved brush made of bristles or other material of which
brushes are usually made. The brush or brushes so fixed are made to revolve
in an ordinary sieve until the fruit is sufficiently dressed or cleaned. A hori-
zontal piece of wood or metal is fixed across the top of the sieve, and the shaft
passing through a hole in the centre thereof is made to work in a wooden
block or suitable piece of metal fixed at the bottom in the centre of the sieve,
which arrangement will allow the brush to rise or fall according to the
quantity of fruit over which it passes. A hopper or receptacle for the fruit
may be fixed on the top of cross bar, pegs being attached to the spindle and
the said hopper; the fruit when in lumps can be easily broken down and
prepared for the brushes, it then falls through an aperture at the bottom of.
the hopper into the-sieve.--The novelty and advantages of this machine

page_text: consists in its cheapness and simplicity. From its peculiar construction, as
above described, fruit can be dressed a longer or shorter time as may be
necessary. The machine is of such dimensions as to allow it to be lifted by
the hand for the purpose of emptying, and may be easily placed on a shelf or
other place, so as not to be an obstruction or occupy room which may be
wanted for other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES AND VEHICLES FOR COMMON ROADS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Chapman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1864.
I, WILLIAM CHAPMAN, of Clonmel, Ireland, Miller, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES AND
VEHICLES FOR COMMON ROADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to vehicles for common roads, whether propelled by
steam, such as traction engines, or drawn by animals or other power, and is
intended to facilitate the draught of such vehicles.
The improvements consist in the employment of an endless suspension
railway composed of an endless series of rails hinged or jointed together, which
is carried by a pair of circular or polygonal shaped carrying wheels revolving
clear or out of contact from the ground upon independent axles of their own
carried by the framing of the vehicle. The driving or supporting wheels of
the vehicle are situate between and in a line with the wheels which carry the
endless railway, so that they run upon the rails laid down for them by the
carrier wheels. The rails, which are of steel or wrought iron, I prefer to
make of a bridge section, the broad flanges resting upon the ground, whilst
the supporting or driving wheels of the vehicle bear upon the raised portion
of the rails; they are jointed together end to end so as to form a continuous
series, and may have filling pieces of wood fitted on to them to prevent noise,

page_text: and cause them to fit accurately on to the circumference of the carrier wheels,
whether such wheels be circular or polygonal. In some cases small revolving
brushes driven from the carrier wheels may be employed for keeping the
wheel bearing surface of the rails free from sand or dirt. Any convenient and
well-known steering apparatus may be fitted to the fore part of the vehicle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- PACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF NEEDLES EMPLOYED IN KNITTING MACHINERY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Cashmore and Charles
Cashmore at the Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd October 1864.
We, LUKE CASHMORE and CHARLES CASHMORE, both of Mill Street, Lough-
borough, in the County of Leicester, Needle Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
PACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF NEEDLES EMPLOYED IN KNITTING MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
Heretofore needles which have been used in knitting machinery and' known
as the "tumbler" or Townsend's needles, or as Townsend. and Moulden's
needles, patented 13 February 1849, No. 12,474, have had the hinged part or
tumbler made broad at the point, so as to enclose and cover the point of the
hook of the needle on both sides. Whereas in this our Invention the
tumbler is made thinner at the end in lieu of being thicker, such thin end:
being also made to drop into a smaller nick or recess on the upper side of the
point of the hook of the needle, so that the needles of any required gauge may
be made of less bulk at the end and thus produce advantages never before
attained.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COUNTER-SLIP NOTE BOOKS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Oldfield Bradley and Reuben
Fielding at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd May 1864.
We, JOHN OLDFIELD BRADLEY and REUBEN FIELDING, both of Oldham, in
the County of Lancaster, General Printers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COUNTER-SLIP NOTE
BOOKS,'" to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to note books employed by salesmen in wholesale
and retail establishments for making out bills of parcels, and is designed to
afford a more perfect means of checking the accounts than note books-as-
hitherto used.
In carrying out our Invention we manufacture such note: books as
follows: Each alternate leaf throughout the book is printed with the usual:
bill heading, and is perforated close to the inner edge to facilitate its removal
from the book. The intermediate or duplicate leaves are without any printed
heading, and are perforated a short distance from the inner edge, so as to
leave a counter-slip in the book when the duplicate is torn out. The
duplicate leaves may also have the printed heading if preferred, but we con--
sider it superfluous. We number the leaves progressively throughout the book,
but in such a manner that each bill, its duplicate, and the counter-slip shall
bear the same number; for instance, we number the first and second leaf.
and its counter-slip 1; the third and fourth leaf and its counter-slip 2, and
So on.

page_text: In using this note book the salesman makes out the bill in the usual
manner, placing a piece of black paper between the bill and the duplicate,
and writes the amount on the counter-slip. The bill is given to the
customer and the duplicate to the cashier, the counter-slip being left in the
book, and as they are all three numbered alike the salesman and cashier have 5
a mutual check upon each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHLORINE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isham Baggs and William Simpson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 21st September 1864..
sex,.
We, ISHAM BAGGS, of Cambridge Terrace, Lower Road, Islington, Middle-
Chemist, and WILLIAM SIMPSON, of Tovil Upper Mills, Maidstone, Kent,
Paper Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHLORINE," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists in the manufacture of chlorine for bleaching
and other compounds by means of the following chemical principles and
arrangements:-Hydrochloric acid is generated in a suitable vessel by any
convenient means, and caused to come in contact with nitric acid. It is
preferred to effect this contact in a separate vessel. A gentle heat should be
applied, and chloronitric and chloronitrous gases with free chlorine are given
off. These gases are passed through a series of Woolff's bottles, gas washing
towers, or other analogous contrivance containing oil of vitriol. Decomposi-
tion ensues, and the chlorine greatly increased in volume passes on to a
close chest containing linie, for forming chloride of lime in the usual way, or
into a stone, wooden, or other suitable vessel containing lime and water in
a state of agitation for forming a solution of chloride of lime, or into an
appropriate vessel or receptacle for effecting other chemical changes.
The deutoxide of nitrogen arrested by the vitriol in the above operation
is again liberated in suitable vessels by the addition of water to the vitriol,
combined with the process of stirring or agitation, and the gas is re-converted
го
077

page_text: into nitric acid by bringing it into full and complete contact with atmo-
spheric air, and causing the mixture to pass up a tower or series of towers
filled with flints, pebbles, or other suitable matters, while a small stream of
water or weak acid trickles downwards. The vitriol is subsequently con.
centrated by evaporation, and used again and again.
For the above purposes we use hydrochloric acid obtained from any source
whatever; but we also especially employ as part of our Invention the
chlorides of the metals, and also of ammonia, obtained by mixing or dis-
solving their sulphates with common salt, or other chlorides of the more
positive bases, separating the salts so formed one from the other by boiling
and crystallization, and in certain cases by sublimation, according to
methods well understood. The resulting chloride is then re-converted into
a sulphate by distillation with sulphuric acid, whereby the muriatic acid
required is obtained, and the sulphate re-formed for repeating the operation,
and so on, producing and re-producing again and again by operating with
the same material ad infinitum.
The sulphate of soda or other bye product obtained as above may be
applied to the manufacture of alkali, or any other useful purpose for which
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHAINS FOR CABLES, COUPLING IRONS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Roberts at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1864.
I, JAMES ROBERTS, of Cheapside, in the City of London, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHAINS FOR CABLES, COUPLING IRONS, AND OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
stay, it is
My improvements consist in forming the links of a single wire or rod plaited
into itself, or wound round plain, or I make the links of any number of wires
or rods composed of iron or other metal of any desired thickness. The links
are made with or without a stay or cross bar in each, if with a
grooved in or surrounds the link, or the link runs through the stay.
the stay hollow or solid, and it is afterwards hammered, annealed, or brazed
hot or cold, and it may be either twisted, plaited, or plain. Chains made in
this manner may be galvanized or not, as desired.
I make
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR FORCING UP WATER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charlés Stevens at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th September 1864.
-A communication from abroad by Louis Martin Petit, of Paris, in
the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES STEVENS, of the Firm Stevens and Henderson, of 31, Charing
Cross, in the County of Middlesex," Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR FORCING UP
WATER," that it has been communicated to me from abroad by Louis Martin
Petit, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
My improved machine, which may be termed a pivot pump, is of simple
construction although possessed of considerable power.
The machine consists of two metal drums, the outer one of which is sta-
tionary and of larger diameter than the inner one; the latter is made to revolve
by means of a vertical shaft to which any motive power can be applied. To
the inner drum are bolted two half circular arms furnished with teeth gearing
one with the other; these arms revolve with the inner drum and act as pistons,
driving the water between the inner and outer drum before them; the water
enters by top and bottom gratings made for that purpose in the outer drum.
It must be remarked that the circular arms have each a support forming
part of them, and by which they are bolted to the inner drum. A separation
piece is so fixed in the large drum that during half a revolution of the inner
drum one circular arm maintains the other in a fixed position, during which
the latter drives before it the water through pipes arranged for carrying it off,

page_text: and then makes a half circular movement and secures the other arm, which
works in the same way. This circular movement of the arms is caused by a
curved slide piece arranged for that purpose. As fast as the water is forced
up by the piston arms fresh water passes into the body of the drum through
the gratings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF ARMOUR PLATES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Hill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th March
1864.
I, EDWIN HILL, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Mechanic, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF ARMOUR PLATES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing armour. plates of alternate layers of
iron and steel, united by welding under rolls or hammers; or of alternate
layers of iron and steel produced by pouring into suitable moulds alternate
masses of those metals. The layers in either method may run horizontally,
vertically, or at an incline, and in use the plates may be made to present the
face of an outer plate or edges of all of the plates; or vertical or inclined
plates may be welded to plates with horizontal seams.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BUTTONS AND IN MEANS OF ATTACHING BUTTONS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dean at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1864.
I, THOMAS DEAN, of Lamb's Conduit Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BUTTONS AND IN MEANS OF ATTACHING BUTTONS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing buttons capable of revolving round
or within their shanks, and in connecting buttons to garments by forming an
enlarged head on the bottom of the shank which is inserted into a plate
already fixed or ready for being fixed to the garment to which the button is
to be attached, and which plate is formed with one or more flaps. On the
shank being thrust into the plate the flap or flaps is or are parted, then fall
or spring together, and prevent the head of the shank from passing back
again through the plate. While attaching the button this plate allows of its
rotating if the shank is circular.
For other revolving buttons I connect the shank, when made of textile
material, or when made of metal I form it in a piece with a disc, capable of
revolving within the plate forming the back of the button.
In some cases I make the rim only of the button free to revolve, the rim
being secured by burring or clamping the edges on the body of the button.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MEANS OF CULTIVATING LAND IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTIVE POWER THEREOF
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolf Ellissen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1864.
I, ADOLF ELLISSEN, of the City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND
MEANS OF CULTIVATING LAND IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTIVE POWER
THEREOF," to be as follows:-
I place in the earth a series of plates of copper and plates of zinc connected
together by wires so as to form either a galvanic battery or a number of single
elements, or I use plates of carbon and zinc or any of the elements of a
galvanic battery.
The object of my Invention being to improve the productive power of the
soil by applying the action of galvanism and electricity as fertilizers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR PREPARATION OF DRYING OILS, CERTAIN GUMS, AND VARNISHES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Crompton Roberts
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th November 1864.
I, CHARLES HENRY CROMPTON ROBERTS, of Sunnyside, Upper Avenue Road,
Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR PREPARATION
OF DRYING OILS, CERTAIN GUMS, AND VARNISHES," to be as follows :—
My improvements consist in the application of the bleaching methods in
general use by paper pulp manufacturers to the bleaching of drying oils, and
the gums, hereafter mentioned, either solid, or held in suspension, or boiled
with the oils.
The method I prefer to adopt is to take the drying oils (by preference
linseed oil, but it may be poppy or nut oil, either in its raw or boiled state),
or I arrest the varnishes in any of their well-known stages of manufacture,
and bring them intimately in contact with chlorine gas, or a solution of
chlorine gas, which removes the coloring matter. The addition of an alkali
to the substance to be acted on much facilitates the action. In the place of
chlorine I take sulphurous acid gas in solution or otherwise. I also arrive at
the same result by chemical re-agents, which by their decomposition in the
presence of the oils and the gums, transmit bleaching elements producing
similar effects. The gums thus treated, either when separated or mixed with
the oils above mentioned, are gums animi, copal, and kowrie, and also gum
shellac, when combined with spirits for making varnishes.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Muir at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1864.
I, ANDREW MUIR, of the City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and
of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer.
and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to that description of breech-loading fire-arms
in which the opening of the breech end of the barrels is effected by a
moveable breech plug or charge chamber working in a suitable open-topped
recess, being caused to slightly recede and, then to rise upon a transverse pin
or joint at its rear end, so as to expose the breech end of the barrels for the
insertion of the charge, and consist in mounting the breech plug or charge
chamber at its rear end upon an eccentric or cam spindle working in fixed
bearings at each end in the sides of the recess; one end of the eccentric or
cam spindle projecting beyond the outer side of the recess may there have
a lever joined to it for the purpose of actuating the eccentric or cam, and so
imparting the requisite motion to the breech plug or charge chamber. The
actuating lever may be disposed under the stock, and by having a spring
catch or its mechanical equivalent applied to its end, may be secured in the
closed position, which spring is released at the moment that it is desired to
open the breech. The peculiar action of the eccentric is that when it is at
one end of its stroke, the breech plug or charge chamber being formed with a

page_text: shoulder, cone, or other suitable nose or fire end, is caused to abut tightly up
against a corresponding recess in the breech end of the barrel, and so
makes a tight joint, whilst by imparting a circular motion to the actuating
lever the breech plug or charge chamber is first caused to slightly recede,
and then it rises upon its rear end and so exposes the muzzle of the charge
chamber and the breech end of the barrel.
It will be readily understood that according to this Invention a fire-arm
may be constructed with a solid breech plug, in which case the charge would
have to be inserted at the breech end of the barrel, or the breech. plug by
being bored out to the same diameter as the barrel may so constitute a charge
chamber to receive the charge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
January 1864. A communication from Edouard Estienne, Gentleman,
residing at Rue du Champ de Mars, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, Patent Agent, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France,
and 38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN
TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS," communicated to me from Edouard Estienne, Gentle-
man, a person residing at Rue du Champ de Mars, Paris, aforesaid, to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the rollers on which the
strips of paper are wound after receiving the telegraphic writing, and in those
which feed the paper for the same purpose.
The former, represented in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, is according to the improved
principle composed of two openworked discs B, B', separated at the centre
by a wooden washer A about an inch long fixed to one of the discs B, through
which passes a muffle C and a spring catch D, all fixed to the same disc B.
On the side of the washer opposite to the spring is cut a slot E which is filled
by a pin F attached to the other disc B¹ when the two are brought together.
The second disc B¹ is provided with a sheath G slid at intervals and parallel
to its axis to about two-thirds of its depth which slides over the washer A with

page_text: the pin F above mentioned, and with a slot H in which the spring catch D
enters. To the disc B₁ a projecting centre piece N is adapted, which serves for
taking it off or putting the apparatus together. The end of the strip of paper
being passed in by one slit and out by the other is held firmly on the roller
without the use of gum. The second roller, a section of which is represented
in Fig. 5, differs from the former inasmuch as the muffle I, through which
the axle passes, is square from the extremity of the washer K. On each side
of this muffle a groove L is made which receives a spring catch M fixed
to the opposite disc.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF EGGS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Nichols at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1864.
I, THOMAS NICHOLS, of the City of New York, in the United States of
America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF EGGS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preparation of certain solutions with which
eggs are to be coated for the purpose of preserving the same in a state fit for
food, and also to the construction of racks or frames for the purpose of hold-
ing the eggs when so coated, and allowing them to become dry, without any
portion of the solution or composition with which they are covered being
disturbed or removed. If it is desired that the coating shall be waterproof,
the composition is formed of gum damar dissolved in benzine, but a non-
waterproof composition is prepared by dissolving gum arabic in water, and
adding thereto a small quantity of soda, and also of syrup or molasses. The
racks or frames are constructed of parallel bars of wood or other suitable
material, with the requisite cross pieces for retaining them in position. Metal
or other points are fixed into the parallel bars in such manner that the eggs
may be supported thereon in the spaces intervening between the respective
bars, which may be placed at any convenient or suitable distance from each
other. The racks may be made either single or compound, and the eggs may
be placed therein to dry, after having been coated with either of the compo-

page_text: sitions before-mentioned, or they may be placed therein in the first instance,
and while in the rack immersed in the coating composition.
The eggs being supported by the metal or other points which alone touch
the external surfaces thereof during the process of drying, the composition
with which they have been covered is undisturbed and the eggs remain
impervious to the influences of the atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STIFFENING OR PROOFING FELT OR OTHER HATS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Barber at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd August
1864.
I, WILLIAM BARBER, of Stockport, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STIFFENING OR PROOFING FELT OR OTHER HATS,"
to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in stiffening or proofing
felt or other hats. Considerable difficulty is at present experienced when
stiffening or proofing some descriptions of bats in freeing the outer surface
from the stiffening or proofing, and preventing its appearance as stains
thereon.
Now according to my Invention, when stiffening or proofing felt or other
hats, I coat the outer surface or other part of the hat, where it is not wished
that the stiffening or proofing should appear, with a resisting preparation of
flour or other paste or similar material, which soaking in a short distance
stops the penetration of the stiffening or proofing, and after this latter has
been applied the resisting paste or material is washed off.
THE APPLICATION OF A NEW MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, CARDBOARD, MILLBOARD, PAPIER MACHÉ, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hathaway and William
Todd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 26th August 1864.
We, HENRY HATHAWAY, of 864, Old Kent Road, and WILLIAM TODD, of
Manor Street, Old Kent Road, both in the County of Surrey, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF A
NEW MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, CARDBOARD, MILLBOARD, PAPIER
MACHÉ, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treating of spent tan in such a manner as to
convert the same into a fibre, pulp, or other state suitable for the manufacture
of paper, cardboard, millboard, papier mâché, or other similar substances.
The treatment consists in macerating the tan in cold or hot water, or a cold
or hot solution of alkali; in either case the process should be pursued until the
tan is reduced to a state in which the fibre is readily separable, or it may be
carried on to that condition commonly known as pulp. The pulp or fibre is
then to be washed, and the remaining alkali, if any, should be neutralised by
acid, or the whole of the alkaline solution may be neutralised by acid during
the process of maceration, steeping, or digestion. The fibre or pulp is then to
be washed, filtered, or sparged, and if the use to which such fibre or pulp is
to be applied renders it necessary that it should be bleached, it should be
subjected to the action of chlorine or other bleaching gas, solution, or vapour.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUNS, CANNON, AND SUCH LIKE ORDNANCE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ash at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1864.
I, GEORGE ASH, of Great Marlborough Street, in the County of Middle-
sex, Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUNS, CANNON, AND SUCH LIKE ORDNANCE,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to forming cellular rings for the purpose of sur-
rounding and strengthening tubes used for making guns, cannon, and such
like ordnance, whereby extreme lightness is obtained with great strength. I
cast cellular rings in steel and other metals or their alloys, having ribs formed
in them both longitudinally and transversely; the faces of the rings are
closed by a disc of metal let into them or cast in the solid. Having turned
the faces, I bore the internal diameter a degree smaller than the outer diameter
of the tube which forms the barrel of the gun. Rings so prepared are then
with a lubricant of naphaline or other oil separately forced over the tube by
a hydraulic machine until it is entirely covered; the mass is then put into a
suitable lathe to be turned flush and smooth. These cellular rings will vary
in their outer diameter from the breech to the mouth of the gun.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Gibson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th October
1864.
I, JOHN WILLIAM GIBSON, of No. 1, Carlisle Terrace, Dublin, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING THE
SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in using but one eccentric fast to the shaft for
working the slide valve of an ordinary steam or other engine, so that the engine
will move backwards or forwards, while the necessary lap and lead for expansion
is preserved. To the end of the eccentric rod a curved lever or link is attached,
which link is carried on or suspended to a lever which is worked by a stud in
the eccentric rod strap, or other portion of the machinery that will give it the
necessary throw or stroke, thus causing the centre portion of the link or its
point of suspension to travel backwards and forwards for a distance equal to
the linear advance of the eccentric due to the lap and lead of the slide valve,
while at the same time the end of the link to which the eccentric rod is
attached can move backwards and forwards equal to the full stroke of the
eccentric or travel of the slide valve, causing a similar but opposite motion in
that portion of the link which is the other side of the point of suspension.
The connecting or radius rod of the slide valve is free to move up and down
in or on the link, and it will be in backward gear on one side of the point of

page_text: suspension, and in forward gear at the other, while its distance from that point
on either side regulates the travel or amount of expansion. If it is preferred,
the slide valve rod may be fixed vertically and the link and suspension lever
caused to move up and down on it.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRESERVING EGGS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Thomson Monteith, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th August 1864.
1, ROBERT THOMSON MONTEITH, of Saint Malo, in the Empire of France,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRESERVING EGGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in so closing the pores in the shells of the eggs as to
prevent the air passing through, and causing the putrefaction of the egg
without using any substance which shall injuriously affect the shell so as to
cause it to break when boiled. Hitherto lime has been one of the substances
used to preserve eggs, but it injuriously affects the shell and causes it to break
when boiled.
My mode of proceeding is to smear the egg with butter or other suitable grease
and then immerse it in lime water or milk of lime. The butter or grease
prevents the injurious action of the lime on the shell, and forms with the lime
an insoluble soapy substance which closes the pores of the shell. I also use
a mixture of milk of lime or lime water and albumen, with which I smear
the eggs. If the eggs are not required to be kept a long time I use albumen
alone, but prefer that lime water or milk of lime should be added to it, or that
the egg after being smeared with albumen should be immersed in milk of lime
or linie water.
AN IMPROVED SHIP'S ANCHOR
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Sharp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July 1864.
I, STEPHEN SHARP, of Number 3, Melton Place, Euston Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SHIP'S ANCHOR," to be as follows:-
The anchor is made in three parts readily put together or taken to
pieces; first, the anchor stock; second, the arms in one piece; and, third, the
block or stay keeping the other two parts intact. The anchor stock is made
with an opening at the head, so formed as to allow the arms to be passed
through, giving sufficient room for any width of fluke required. The head of
the stock forming one-half of bearing in which the arms partially revolve is
fitted into the opening left in the anchor stock, and is wedge-shaped and
dovetailed at the small end, requiring only one light steady pin or bolt to
secure it in its place. The arms being manufactured with clutches, one on
each side of the stock, and the block projecting to meet the corresponding
projection of the clutches, the two, when the arms and flukes are at tho
proper angle for taking hold of the bottom, are closed, forming a true mitre,
and of a substance corresponding in strength with all the parts of the anchor.
A steadying bar is totally unnecessary in this anchor, but may be applied or
not at option.
I claim for this anchor its extreme simplicity, being made in three pieces
only; the two arms entering the bottom together, and the opportunity
afforded of giving any amount of resisting surface on the flukes; the easy

page_text: method of securing the whole by means of a single block and pin, and the
opportunity afforded for making the parts on which the greatest amount of
strain comes of commensurate strength. It can be disunited and put together
again in a few seconds, so invaluable for facility for transmission or stowage.
When the anchor is submerged and embedded there are no projecting parts,
and there is no possibility of its failing or doing any injury to a ship's
bottom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM PLOUGHS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jarman and Stephen
Sharpe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th March 1864.
We, JOHN JARMAN, of Sutton Coldfield, in the County of Warwick,
Gentleman, and STEPHEN SHARPE, of London, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM PLOUGHS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
We propose to work a plough or series of ploughs connected to a loco-
motive engine, travelling over the land on wheels suitably constructed to
obtain sufficient grip; clutches upon the axle of the driving wheels, and
levers upon the engine frame provide the means of putting the driving
wheels into or out of gear, the wheels being driven by a toothed wheel upon
their axle engaging in a pinion upon the crank axle. The ploughs may be
Howard's, or of any other suitable kind, mounted in a frame at the tail of
the locomotive, and they are fitted with lever and link connections by
which they may be raised out of the earth or adjusted to plough to any
required depth, or suspended whilst turning the engine and afterwards
lowered for work. We also construct a driving wheel by which we can
obtain great fulcrum power by forming iron drags or spurs, fitted on the
driving wheels in slots, and made to work so as to hold themselves on, which
drags or spurs can be removed from the wheels if not required, or these drags
or spurs may be fitted on the side of the wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO INSTRUMENTS USED FOR TAKING OBSERVATION AT SEA DURING THE NIGHT
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Laird M Lay and William
Henry Thompson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th September 1864.
I, JOHN LAIRD MCLAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Master
Mariner, and WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON, of St. Stephen's, in the Colony of
New Brunswick, Master Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO INSTRUMENTS USED FOR TAKING
OBSERVATION AT SEA DURING THE NIGHT," to be as follows (that is to say):-
Now heretofore in taking observations at sea by quadrants, octants, sextants,
and circles, or other similar instruments, it has been usual to dispense with
the telescope or tube, which is used therewith for taking observations during
the daytime, in consequence of the great difficulty in sighting the moon or a
star with the horizon, consequent on the small field of the telescope or tube,
and the necessity of using both eyes to enable the operator to see the horizon
as well as the moon or stars sighted.
Now this Invention consists in the application and use of a binocular glass
or marine opera glass to quadrants, octants, sextants, and circles, or other like
instruments, by which a large field is obtained, and both eyes are equally
assisted in seeing the horizon as well as the celestial body sighted, thereby
enabling observations to be taken at night with much greater facility and
accuracy than it has been possible to do heretofore.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE PROTECTION OF WATCHES, PURSES, AND OTHER VALUABLES WORN ON THE PERSON
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Sheppard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th November
1864.
I, JOSEPH SHEPPARD, of West Brompton, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS
FOR THE PROTECTION OF WATCHES, PURSES, AND OTHER VALUABLES WORN ON THE
PERSON," to be as follows:-
My Invention in the first place consists in introducing loop holes or eyelet
holes inside the pockets in coats, waistcoats, and trowsers through which a
watch-guard or chain or cord can be passed from the watch or purse or other
valuable, and then either passed round the neck or fastened to a button
secured on the inside of the garment.
The second part of my Invention refers to the construction of the said eyelet
holes so as to render them suitable for the purpose required. A hole of tho
required size is first punched in the cloth or fabric, into which is put the
shank of an eyelet of such a length as to project a short distance through
the hole. Over this projecting portion I place a ring of metal. A solid punch
being inserted into the hole and struck with a hammer or other such instru-
ment upon an anvil, the shank of the eyelet is rivetted over. In some cases,
as in the trowsers pockets, which are sometimes made double, I have for
greater security a flap, which turns over and is fastened with a button or a
hook and eye so as to completely close the entrances to both pockets, in which
case loop holes or eyelet holes would be made both in the partition between

page_text: the pockets and in the inner face of the inside pocket. As coats and waist-
coats after some wear not unfrequently unbutton very easily, and are so liable
to be torn open, I introduce a hook and eye or hooks and eyes between the
buttons, whereby the coat or waistcoat may be hooked in addition to being
buttoned. Where double loop holes or eyelet holes are used, the greater the
distance between them the greater safety is insured, as there is evidently &
larger portion of cloth or material to be torn away when a robbery is attempted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF THE SURFACE OR SURFACES OF PARCHMENT
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Wastel Hooper, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1864.
I, STEPHEN WASTEL HOOPER, of 45, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Law Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF THE SURFACE OR SURFACES OF PARCHMENT,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference more especially to parchment intended to
receive writings on both sides or surfaces, and consists in the preparation of
both surfaces for this purpose by rolling the skins separately through a pair of
smooth rollers after they have been manufactured in the ordinary manner.
By
this means the parchment is condensed and its two surfaces are
rendered smooth and hard so as to adapt them for writing upon with increased
facility.
The rollers intended to be used for the purpose are the same as are ordinarily
used for rolling paper, pasteboard, and such like materials, but such rollers
form no part of my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOODS FOR VENTILATORS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Holt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th March
1864.
I, ROBERT HOLT, of Little Lever, near Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Terra Cotta Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOODS FOR VENTILATORS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing the hoods of ventilators of terra
cotta or other earthenware instead of sheet metal as heretofore customary. The
chimney top is also made of terra cotta or other earthenware as in chimney
tops without hoods of the present construction. The pivot for the hood is.
also made as usual. By thus manufacturing the hoods of ventilating
chimney tops they are rendered much more durable and less expensive.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE SOLUTIONS OF MUCILAGINOUS MATTERS EMPLOYED IN DRESSING OF LINEN, HEMP, AND CERTAIN OTHER YARNS PREPARATORY TO WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Alexandre Laniel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
March 1864.
I, LOUIS ALEXANDRE LANIEL, of No. 12, Abingdon Street, in the City of
Westminster, and 24, Rue de Dunkerque, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE SOLUTIONS OF MUCILAGINOUS MATTERS EMPLOYED IN
DRESSING OF LINEN, HEMP, AND CERTAIN OTHER YARNS PREPARATORY TO WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
This improvement consists in the addition of glycerine to the solutions of
mucilaginous matters or "weaver's starches" employed in the dressing of
linen, hemp, and certain other yarns of vegetable origin preparatory to their
being woven. To this end the glycerine is mingled with the water in which
the mucilaginous matters are to be dissolved in proportions variable between
one-half and three per cent. by weight, according to its density and the nature
of the yarn to be treated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING OR ALTERING HATS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wright Harold at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February
1864.
I, JAMES WRIGHT HAROLD, of No. 5, Albion Place, Upper Kennington
Lane, Vauxhall, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING OR ALTERING
HATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for stretching
or altering hats. For these purposes each apparatus is made by preference
in two parts or halves, but this is not essential, as an apparatus may consist
of more than two parts. Each part of the apparatus is made hollow to
contain hot water or other fluid, or in place of fluid other forms of heater may
be employed, and the exterior of the apparatus is made to the form which it.
is desired to give to that portion of the interior of a hat, which when in use-
embraces the head of the wearer, and such exterior parts of the apparatus are
made somewhat conical or of slightly decreasing dimensions from the top
downwards. Each part of the apparatus has an opening into it, which is
closed by a screw or other suitable plug or stopper. On each of the two
parts is fixed a screw nut, and the two parts are connected by a right and.
left hand screw shaft, so that by turning such screw shaft the two parts of
the apparatus will be drawn together, or they will be moved apart from each.
other. When a hat does not fit, an apparatus,. such as above described, is intro-
duced into the hat, and so as to pass a short distance into it, when the screw.

page_text: shaft is to be turned so as to separate the parts, and thus to stretch, and alter
this part of the hat, the heat of the apparatus softening the stiffening matter
in the body of the hat will facilitate the stretching and altering of the part
of the hat where the apparatus is introduced, and the cooling of the hat will
cause the hat to set in the form desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BURNERS OF HYDROCARBON FLUID LAMPS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Septimus Macrae and
Abraham Bayley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th December 1864.
We, ALEXANDER SEPTIMUS MACRAE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Petroleum Oil Broker, and ABRAHAM BAYLEY, of Liverpool aforesaid, Mer-
chant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE BURNERS OF HYDROCARBON FLUID LAMPS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to the burners of lamps in which petroleum,
paraffine, and like hydrocarbon fluids or oils are used as the light-giving
agents.
Nearly all the burners of lamps hitherto employed for burning these fluids
have been provided with perforated sheets or pieces of metal called air dis-
tributors, and glass chimneys or cones have been used therewith. Attempts
have been made to construct burners capable of being used without air distri-
butors and chimneys or cones, and it is to this class, and to a simplification of
the parts of the same, that our improvements have reference, the object being
to obtain a clear and strong light not readily extinguished by draughts or
currents of air.
The necks of our burners are provided with screws or their equivalents to
fit into or to the fluid containers in any usual way, and rising upwards there-
from are ordinary wick tubes, with wheels and thumb screws, or other means
for raising the wicks. From the neck of each burner one, two, or more,
we prefer three, pillars or strips of metal or other material are carried

page_text: upwards to support a dome or cupola, the top of which is immediately over
the upper termination of the wick tube. The top of this dome or cupola has
a slit across through its top, the ends of which are enlarged. Air is allowed
to play freely around the wick tube, and to pass or rise upwards within the
dome or cupola, and to come into contact with or impinge on the flame, so
as to maintain proper combustion at and above the said mentioned slit or
opening.