An Improved Process of and Means for the Preservation of Milk.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 25th July, 1889-Accepted, 5th Oct., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process of and Means for the Preservation of Milk.
I FINLAY MCINTYRE of 310 Argyle Street Glasgow and of Mansfield Busby
both in the County of Lanark North Britain Gentleman do hereby declare the nature
of this Invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved process and means for preserving Milk and
has for its object not only to dispense with the introduction into the milk of any anti-
septic or preservative substances but to keep the milk in the same condition as regards
purity as it exists in the animals Udder.
It is well known that the cause of milk turning sour or unfit for ordinary use
is the existence of germs ferments microbes bacteria, Vibrious Moulds and other
organic and putrefactive organisms which exist in the air and which grow and become
active in an animal fluid or substance exposed to ordinary air.
The milk of the Cow or other animal whilst it is in the milk producing or containing
organs of the animal is entirely free from any germs such as those referred to and my
Invention consists in so taking or drawing the milk from the animal into a receiving
vessel or its equivalent that the milk in the said vessel shall be in the same condition
as regards purity as it is in the Udder of the animal.
It is obvious that this result may be attained in practice in a variety of ways I will
however describe one method illustrative of my said Invention.
It will be understood that in order to successfully carry out my said Invention the
receiver for the milk with its connections and the air within the said receiver and
connections must be entirely deprived of the germs and germ seed contained therein;
this also can be effected by various methods.
It is well known that steam or heated air or heated water is fatal to germ life it is
therefore a convenient method to use steam heated air or heated water in carrying out
my Invention.
It is obvious that in a simple form of a receiver the air as displaced by the
inflowing milk as it comes from the animal must have a means of escape, and at the
same time it is essential in the carrying out of my invention that the outer air should
not be allowed to enter the receiver at least in its natural germ containing condition.
To effect this object 1 have an air tube or aperture leading from the top of the
receiver in addition to the milk supplying tube or conduit the said tube being for the
purpose of filtering the air as it circulates therethrough in the heating and cooling of
the receiver by any of the aforesaid agencies.
The said filtration of the air may be effected by any of the well known methods of
filtering air for example a piece of cotton wool (preferably moist) may be inserted in
the air tube or its equivalent or in lieu thereof or as an addition or independent of
the said cotton wool I may wet the interior of the tube or a small portion thereof the
outer extremity for example with water or preferably a sticky fluid such as Glycerine
or in order to cause the germ laden air to be caught more readily by the wetted or
glycerined bore of said tube or its equivalent. I may form the outer end of the tube
with bends or contractions or in lieu of filtration I may purity or sterilize the air
by causing it to pass through fluids flame heat or heated bodies.
In lieu of steam hot water or heated air for cleansing the milk receiver and its
connections prior to taking the milk from the animal I may use Sulphurous Acid Gas
Carbonic Acid Gas Oxygen or any gases well known to be destructive to germ life or
I may use any of the well known antiseptics such as Carbolic Acid, Creosote, borax,
boric acid Salicylic Acid Permanganate of Potash or other antiseptic well known to
be destructive to germ life.
The end of the India rubber tube or other convenient air tight material opposite

page_text: to that connected with the receiving vessel by which the milk is led direct from the
animal into the receiving vessel is joined to a smaller metal tube (or other rigid
material) perforated with one or more holes. This smaller metallic tube or its equi-
valent is covered by elastic or other convenient airtight material before the receiving
vessel and connections are purified in order to prevent air from having access to
the receiving vessel and its connections unless by the filtering air tube or its
equivalent.
When the germ life in the receiver and its connections is destroyed by any of the
afore mentioned agencies, I insert the small metallic tube into the teat of the animal
through the protecting elastic in order that the milk from the animal may flow
through the metallic tube through the india rubber tubing or other conduit and
thence into the receiving vessel the said milk thereby only coming into contact with
pure connections pure vessels and pure or filtered air that is to say air freed from all
organic germs and vessels and their connections likewise freed from all organic
germs.
It is obvious that Milk can be taken from the animal in a variety of ways without
inserting a perforated tube into the teats of the animal for example
may use a
purified elastic cover over the teats of the animal taking the saine precautions to
prevent germs from entering and drawing the milk from the animal by hand in the
ordinary way; after this milk is taken from the animal it can be taken from one
receptacle or vessel to another first destroying all germs which such receptacles and
their connections contain.
When the milk receiver is filled with the quantity required it can be disconnected
from the animal in any convenient manner and so that it is sealed from the external
atmosphere and the same with regard to the air tube if desired.
By my process as hereinbefore described the milk as taken from the animal and
contained in the receiving vessel is in the same pure condition as that in which it
existed in the udder of the animal and that therefore being entirely void of germ life
the condition of the pure milk thus obtained remains unimpaired for a length of time
that has not been obtainable heretofore this result being obtained by so taking the
milk direct from the animal that the said milk only comes in contact with pure air
and pure vessels or receptacles and connections thereof.
Dated this 25th day of January 1888.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process of and Means for the Preservation of Milk.
I FINLAY MCINTYRE of 310 Argyle Street Glasgow, and of Mansfield Busby,
both in the county of Lanark, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved process of and means for the preservation of
milk. Its object being to prevent germs &c., which exist in the air and cause putre-
faction, from entering the vessel into which the cow or other animal is milked.
It is well known that the cause of milk turning sour or unfit for ordinary use, is
the existence of germs, spores, &c., which exist in the air, and which grow and become
active in an animal fluid or substance exposed to ordinary air.
The milk of a cow or other animal, whilst it is in the milk producing or containing
organs of the animal, is free from germs such as those referred to, and my invention
consists in so taking or drawing the milk from the animal into a receiving vessel or
its equivalent, that the milk in the said vessel, shall be, as far as possible, in the same
condition as regards purity as it is in the udder of the animal.
It is obvious that this result may be obtained in practice in a variety of ways, I
will however describe a method illustrative of my said invention.

page_text: It will be understood that in order to successfully carry out my said invention, the
receiver for the milk with its connections, and the air within the said receiver and
connections, must be entirely deprived of the germs and germ seed contained therein;
this also can be effected by various methods.
It is well known that steam, or heated air, or heated water, is fatal to germ life;
it is therefore a convenient method to use steam, heated air or heated water, in carrying
out my invention.
It is obvious that in a simple form of receiver, the air as displaced by the inflowing
milk as it comes from the animal's teats, must have a means of escape; and at the
same time it is essential that the outer air should not be allowed to enter the receiver,
at least in its natural germ-containing condition. To effect this object, I have an air-
tube or aperture leading from the top of the receiver, in addition to the milk-supplying
tube or conduit, the said tube being for the purpose of filtering the air as it circulates
therethrough in the heating and cooling of the receiver by any of the aforesaid
agencies.
The said filtration of the air may be effected by any of the well-known methods of
filtering air, for example: a piece of cotton wool (preferably moist) may be inserted
in or around the air tube, or in lieu thereof, or as an addition, or independent of the said
cotton wool, I may wet the interior of the tube or a small portion thereof, the outer
extremity for example, with water, or preferably a sticky fluid such as glycerine, or,
in order to cause the germ-laden air to be caught more readily by the wetted or
glycerined bore of the said tube, or its equivalent, I may form the outer end of the
tube with bends or contractions, or in lieu of filtration, I may purify or sterilize the
air by causing it to pass through fluids, flame, heat, or heated bodies.
The ends of the india-rubber tubes, or other convenient air-tight material, opposite
to that connected with the receiving vessel, by which the milk is led direct from the
animal into the receiving vessel, is joined to a smaller metal tube (or other rigid
material) perforated with one or more holes, similar to trocars now in use. These
smaller metallic tubes or trocars are covered with elastic caps, or other convenient air-
tight material, before the receiving vessel and connections are purified, or sterilized,
in order to prevent air from having access to the receiving vessel and its connections
unless by the said filtering air tube.
When the germ life in the receiver and its connections is destroyed by steam, or in
lieu thereof, I insert the small metallic tubes or trocars into the teats of the animal,
first removing the elastic caps on each. These trocars are only inserted a short
way into the teats, being held in this position by a strap running over the back of
the cow.
When the four trocars are inserted the pins are withdrawn to allow the flow of the
milk, and the animal is milked by hand, care being taken to keep the bands well up
on the teats. The milk therefore is led through the metallic tubes or trocars, through
the indiarubber tubing, or other conduit, & thence into the receiving vessel, the milk
thereby only coming into contact with pure connections, pure vessels, and pure or
filtered air, pure, meaning air freed from all organic germs, and vessels and their
connections likewise freed from all organic germs.
It is obvious that milk can be so taken from the animal in a variety of ways, with-
out inserting perforated tubes into the teats; for example, I may use a purified elastic
cover over the teats of the animal (preferably near the points), taking the same
precautions to prevent germs from entering and drawing the milk by hand in the
usual way.
In practice I find that it is serviceable to destroy and prevent germs from falling
on the teats between the intervals of milking. A thin elastic covering over the teats,
or an antiseptic solution, either alone, or used along with vaseline answers this purpose,
such as potassium permanganate, or silico fluoride of soda. Before milking, the teats
should be washed with the aforementioned antiseptics, or a similar antiseptic that will
serve the same purpose. When this is done any stray ferments that may cover the
points or the orifices of the teats, and get washed into the milk are thereby easier
destroyed in subsequent heatings, if desired.

page_text: After the milk is taken from the animal, it can be led from one vessel or receptacle
to another, first destroying all germs which such receptacles and their connections
contain.
When the milk receiver is filled with the quantity required, it can be disconnected
from the animal in any convenient manner, so that it is kept from the germs in the
external atmosphere, and the same with regard to the air tube, if desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
I. The process for the preservation of milk, taking the milk direct from the animal
into a pure or germless air, receiver, and connections, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Il. In the process for the preservation of milk, the use of antiseptics, or other
protective medium, on the teats of animals, for the object hereinbefore described.
Dated this 24th day of July 1889.
FINLAY MCINTYRE.