IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLS FOR ROLLING METALS."
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Caleb Thomas Hill, of Pelsall, in the County of
Stafford, Iron Moulder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ROLLS FOR ROLLING METALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Caleb Thomas Hill
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th May 1866.
I, CALEB THOMAS HILL, of Pelsall, in the County of Stafford, Iron Moulder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLS FOR ROLLING METALS," to be as follows:-
Rolls for rolling metals are ordinarily made of cast iron, the roll with its
necks and ends for coupling being cast in one piece, the casting being effected
either in sand, metal, or chill moulds.
My Invention consists in making rolls for rolling metals with an axis of
steel or case-hardened iron, upon which axis the roll is cast in sand or chill
moulds. By this method of manufacture the rolls are made much stronger
than rolls as ordinarily manufactured, and a commoner kind of iron can be
employed than that required for making rolls according to the ordinary process.
The axis of steel or case-hardened iron is supported in the middle of the sand

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters. Patent, filed
by the said Caleb Thomas Hill in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 26th November 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CALEB
THOMAS HILL, of Pelsall, in the County of Stafford, Iron Moulder, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight bundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Caleb Thomas Hill, Her special licence that I, the said Caleb Thomas Hill,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said. Caleb
Thoinas Hill, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise;
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLS FOR ROLLING METALS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Caleb Thomas Hill, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Caleb Thomas Hill, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:—
Rolls for rolling metals are ordinarily made of cast iron, the roll with its
necks and ends for coupling being cast in one piece, the casting being effected
either in sand, metal, or chill moulds.
My Invention consists in making rolls for rolling metals with an axis of
steel or case-hardened iron upon which axis the roll is cast in sand or chill
moulds. The axis of steel or case-hardened iron is supported in the middle

page_text: of the sand or other mould, and the cast iron is cast upon or around the said
axis. The roll is turned and finished in the ordinary manner.
Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to describe
with reference to the accompanying Drawing the manner in which the samo
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in longitudinal section a roll for rolling sheets or
plates manufactured according to my Invention. The said roll consists of an
axis a of steel or case-hardened iron, upon which axis the roll 6 with its necks
c and wabblers d is cast in a sand, metal, or chill mould. In conducting the
casting process the axis a of steel or case-hardened iron is supported in the
middle of the mould, and the cast iron is cast upon or around the said axis a
in the ordinary manner of casting rolls. The said axis a constitutes a support
to and strengthens the roll b. The roll 6 and parts c and d are afterwards
turned and finished in the usual manner.
Figure 2 represents, partly in longitudinal section- and partly in elevation,
a roll for rolling hoop, strip, or guide iron manufactured according to my
Invention; è is the steel or case-bardened iron axis, and f the roll cast upon
or around the middle of the said axis either in a chill or sand mould. In the
case of rolls for rolling hoop, strip, or guide iron, or iron of small size, the
central axis or support of the rolls may be made longer than the roll to bo
cast upon it, as represented in Figure. 2, the projecting ends of the said axis
constituting the necks g and wabblers h of the roll, which necks and wabblers
being made of steel or case-hardened iron wear much. longer than if made of
iron as is usual. Or rolls of this kind may be made in the manner repre-
sented with respect to rolls for rolling sheets or plates, that is, with the necks
and wabblers cast upon the inner axis or support.
Figure 3 represents in longitudinal section a roll. for rolling merchant or
forge bars manufactured according to my Invention, in which Figure 3 the
central axis or support of steel or case-hardened iron is marked i, and the iron
cast upon or around the said axis is marked k. I do not limit myself to the
shape of the central axis or support of the rolls, as it may be made circular,
angular, or of other figure in cross section, or to the thickness of the said axis
or support as the thickness of the said axis or support is proportional to the
strength which the roll is required to possess, and is varied to suit the particular
kinds of rolls to be made.
By making rolls for rolling metals according to my Invention with a central
axis or support of steel or case-hardened iron the said rolls are much stronger
than rolls cast in one piece in the ordinary way and a commoner kind of iron
can be employed for making rolls according to my Invention than that

page_text: required for making rolls according to the ordinary process.
factured according to my Invention are less liable to fracture, and are more
capable of bearing the variations of temperature to which they are subjected
without breaking than rolls manufactured in the ordinary way, and in con-
sequence of this they will bear a deeper chill than rolls made in the ordinary
way.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as the
same may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention;
but I claim as my Invention the improvements in the manufacture of
rolls for rolling metals herein-before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawing, that is to say, manufacturing rolls for rolling metals with a
central axis or support of steel or case-hardened iron, upon or around which
said axis or support the cast iron to form the rolls is cast in sand, metal, or
chill moulds.
In witness whereof, I, the said Caleb Thomas Hill, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
JOSEPH WRIGHT,
Goscote Iron Works,
N'. Walsall.
CALEB THOMAS HILL. (L.S.)