IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBINA FIRPONG MATEPTATO FOR COMBING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Tongue, of Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR COMBINA FIRPONG MATEPTATO "
Sealed the 4th November 1870, and dated the 27th August 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Tongue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th August 1870.
I, WILLIAM TONGUE, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR COMBING FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in machinery for combing
fibrous materials.
.
Letters Patent bearing date the 10 January 1854, and Numbered 60,
were granted to Adolphe Drevelle for an Invention of a machine for
combing fibrous materials, and in the Specification of the said Patent
two circular combs are shewn to be arranged and combined with a
circular nipper acting between two circular combs. Slivers of prepared
A

page_text: fibrous materials wound upon bobbins are placed in a creel which
revolves with the apparatus, and such slivers pass from such bobbins to
the circular combs and nipper so as to present a circular fringe of fibres.
The fringe of fibres is carried by the rotation of the combs and nipper,
and presented and held at one point to the operation of a "porcupine
roller" for the removal of the short fibres and noils, and at another point
to "drawing rollers," which draw a continuous layer of combed fibres
from the circular combs, such fibres being afterwards formed upon a
cylinder into a "lap" or sheet, which is removed from time to time.
Now certain of my present improvements relate to the machine
described in the said Specification, and to combing machines similarly
constructed wherein circular combs and circular nippers are employed
acting continuously with a circular fringe of fibrous materials.
According to one of my present improvements I so construct and
arrange the circular nippers in machines acting as above described that
such nipper is withdrawn from between the circular combs at that point
where the drawing rollers operate to draw the fibres from the two combs.
The two circular combs can thus be brought nearer together, the space
for the nipper hitherto necessary between the two circular combs being
according to my improvements occupied by the two circular combs, and
the shorter fibres being immersed among the comb teeth are subject to
less derangement during the operation of the drawing rollers.
My Invention also consists in a novel arrangement and combination
of parts in a combing machine. In this machine the fibrous material
wound upon bobbins is placed in a creel which revolves together with
the circular combs and nipper employed. The slivers of fibrous materials
are passed through suitable guiding rings and brought out from under
one of such rings, and laid radially over a circular travelling comb in
the form of an annular plate, and into this circular comb the slivers are
immersed by a dabbing brush so. as to present a circular radial fringe of
fibres. Boxes or chambers provided with pressing surfaces to press
upon the slivers may be substituted for this comb without departing
from the nature of my Invention. The last-named comb corresponds
with the first or feeding comb in the machine described in the Spe-
cification before referred to, and such pressing surfaces may. be substituted
for such feeding comb when applying my improvements thereto.
I will now proceed to further describe the arrangement and operation
of my novel arrangement of combing machine.

page_text: The movement of the circular comb carries the fringe of fibres to a
point where such fringe is continuously taken between a circular
travelling and frictional nipper and a stationary nipping plate. The
further combined movements of the circular travelling comb and the
circular travelling nipper carry the fringe of fibres and present them to
be operated upon by cleaning combs or instruments. The axis of the
circular nipper above referred to is arranged at an angle to the axis of
the circular comb, and the nipper is so formed and placed according to
one part of my Invention that such circular nipper may present itself
exteriorly to the circumference of the comb, and in a convenient position
for holding the fringe of fibres at that part where such fringe of fibres is
to be held by the nipper and acted on by the cleaning sheet of combs.
The stationary nipping plate is pressed towards the circular frictional
travelling nipper by springs or weights, and I provide regulating screws
which support the nipping plate when the fibrous material is withdrawn
from the machine, such regulating screws holding the stationary nipping
plate from contact with the circular travelling nipper until the fibrous
material is introduced between them. The circular nipper is also so
formed and arranged according to one part of my Invention that after
operating to hold the fringe of fibres exteriorly to the inner circular
comb, such nipper is withdrawn from the exterior circumference of the
inner circular comb, and travels below such comb into such a position
that an outer annular comb can occupy the position relatively to the
inner circular comb that has been occupied at one point by the circular
nipper, and so that the teeth of the outer comb can be inserted by a
dabbing brush or instrument into that part of the fringe of fibres
formerly held by the nipper, and further so that the inner and outer
circular combs can be arranged as close together as may be desirable.
The axis of the outer annular comb is also at an angle to the axis of the
inner circular comb, and the outer annular comb is so formed and
arranged that it presents itself exteriorly to the inner circular comb at
that point where the fringe of fibrous materials is presented to the
drawing rollers, or instruments, the fringe of fibrous materials being
immersed in such outer circular comb by means of a dabbing brush;
after the fringe of fibrous material has been presented to the drawing
rollers or other drawing or detaching instruments the outer circular
comb is so formed and arranged that it is withdrawn from the exterior
circumference of the inner comb, and travels below such comb into such
a position that the circular nipper can again take the ends of the fringe

page_text: of fibrous materials. Where it is desirable to heat the comb teeth the
surface upon which the outer comb travels can be heated by steam, or
the comb can be otherwise heated. The inner and outer circular combs
and the circular nipper are driven separately by toothed wheels, so that
their relative speed can be separately regulated. When combing fibrous
materials, the staple of which is of greater length than the breadth of
the two circular combs, I provide pressing plates, which by a cam surface
and springs are caused to press upon the slivers of fibrous material
at that part where the drawing rollers or instruments operate. The
pressing plates at other times are lifted from acting upon the slivers by
means of springs. I provide stationary plates whereby the slivers are
held in the combs where the drawing rollers or instruments operate.
I would here remark that part of my Invention consists in the com-
bination of two combs acting together as above described, the axis of
one of such circular combs being at an angle to the axis of the other,
and the outer circular comb surrounding the exterior circumference of
the inner circular comb at that part where the radial fringe of fibres is
immersed in both of such combs, and presented on the exterior of the outer
comb to the drawing rollers or detaching instruments as hercin described.
The circular nipper may be attached to and surround the inner circular
comb, or the slivers may be held in the inner circular comb itself by a
stationary nipping plate acting as a nipper between the front rows of
comb teeth.
The cleaning instruments employed in a combing machine constructed
according to my Invention may be porcupine rollers or other forms of
cleaning instruments hitherto employed, but according to one part of my
present improvements I employ comb bars mounted upon an endless
sheet of leather or flexible material. The distances apart of the needles
in these comb bars are graduated in fineness so as to first comb the
fringe of fibres with an open and afterwards with a finer comb. The
comb bars are secured to the sheet by the aid of screws or rivets, and are
so formed and arranged that any tension on the comb teeth tends to
withdraw such comb teeth below the general surface of the points of
the needles. The heads of the screws or rivets by which the comb bars
are fastened to the endless sheet travel in grooves formed in the rollers
over which the endless sheet passes, so that the endless sheet passes
smoothly around such rollers. At the point where the comb teeth operate
upon the fringe of fibrous material the endless sheet passes around a

page_text: small roller, and before and after passing over such small roller the sheet
passes around larger rollers, by which the strain of the endless sheet
upon the smaller roller is releived. The sheet of combs is driven by
means of a roller, and the ends of the comb bars are guided by stationary
guiding surfaces, which can be heated by steam when combing wool or
fibrous materials where it is desirable to heat the comb teeth. The noil
and short fibres are taken from the sheet of combs by a circular brush
and removed. by a doffing, roller and knife..
pressure
Ordinary "fluted" or other drawing rollers or instruments, such as have
been hitherto employed, may be employed in combination with a
combing machine constructed according to my Invention, but in accord-
ance with one part of my Invention I employ drawing, rollers arranged
in the following manner:-An endless leather or flexible sheet passes
over and around each drawing, roller, and I press such drawing rollers
towards one another by means of two pressing rollers of larger diameter
than the drawing rollers.. The larger rollers can be driven at any desired
velocity, and to. the axes of these pressing rollers any suitable
can be applied by means of springs or weights.. I arrange the longi-
tudinal axes of the drawing. rollers and the pressing rollers in. a plane or
as nearly so as the construction of the machine will admit; and I formi
the outer circular. comb. so as to allow. room for the pressing rollers. The
endless leathers according to this part of my Invention are interposed
between the pressing rollers and. the drawing rollers, so that there is no
direct contact between the pressing rollers and drawing rollers. In
accordance with my Invention the fibres material is taken. hold of
between two drawing leathers, which thus have a powerful hold upon the
fibres. In order to drive the endless leathers and to assist. their pulling
action to pull out the fibres from the circular combs according to one
part of my Invention, the two endless. leathers pass between rollers,
which are pressed together and driven at a suitable velocity to ensure
the regular movement of the drawing leathers and relieve the drawing
rollers from any pressure except such as may be necessary to draw the
fibrous material from the circular combs. The two endless drawing
leathers afterwards pass together over a roller or rollers to counteract
any tendancy of the fibrous material to adhere to the endless drawing
leathers, and such leathers then separate from one another and pass over
separate tightening rollers, each of such leathers also having guide plates.
provided to aid in retaining the endless drawing leathers in the desired

page_text: lateral position. At the point where the endless drawing leathers separate
a roller is provided to aid in causing the layer of fibrous material to
travel away with one of such endless drawing leathers. I provide a
guard plate between the points of the needles in. the circular comb and
the endless drawing leather or sheet.
In a combing machine constructed according to my Invention the
layer of fibrous materials withdrawn by the drawing rollers (whether
such rollers are of the ordinary description, or are formed and arranged
as herein-before described) can be either formed into a lap or into a
sliver by any of the methods hitherto practised, but in accordance with
one part of my Invention I form the layer of fibrous material into a
sliver in the following manner :-The movement of the endless travelling
sheet carrying the layer of fibrous materials carries such layer under a
rod placed angularly to the endless sheet, the position of such rod being
capable of adjustment. On the other side of the rod I arrange an
independent travelling endless sheet driven at a suitable speed. The
position of this second endless sheet relatively to the position of the rod
is capable of adjustment. The independent endless sheet is also at an
angle to the rod, such angle following the same angular tangent to the
rod that the first mentioned leather occupied or thereabouts. The frame
supporting the rollers around which the independent endless sheet passes
is hinged so that the sheet can be readily raised from the rod and so
expose the rod and the layer of fibrous material to view. By the aid of
the independent endless sheet the layer of fibres is rolled spirally around
the rod, and delivered in the form of a sliver from the point of the rod,
from which it passes to a rotating funnel and delivering rollers capable
of adjustment, to the various angles at which it may be desired to deliver
the sliver from between the two leathers, as above described. The
endless sheet before referred to, which brings the layer of fibrous
materials to the rod before named, passes over a roller or rod, so as to
bring the surface of such sheet sufficiently near to the independent endless
sheet, and at the same time facilitate the winding of the layer of fibrous
materials around the rod. The endless sheet after passing over the rod
or roller above named afterwards passes over rollers placed in an angular
position and capable of adjustment so as to return the endless sheet to
the correct lateral position. I also provide the machine with a stopping
motion for arresting the movement of the machine in case of the sliver
becoming deranged or broken, or not being properly delivered from the
machine

page_text: In place of the drawing rollers a machine constructed according to
my Invention may be provided with a circular detaching nipper which
will take hold of the fringe of fibres and draw them from the circular
comb, such fringe of fibres may be afterwards presented to sheets of
combs or other cleaning instruments, and then formed into a lap or
sliver. After the fringe of fibrous material has passed the drawing
rollers or instruments the slivers are drawn forward, so as to present a
fresh supply of fibres to the action of the cleaning instruments and the
drawing rollers.. Various means have been contrived for drawing the
fringe of fibres forward which may be employed for this purpose in
combination with a machine constructed according to my Invention.
According to one arrangement I employ revolving frictional disks which
draw the slivers forward over stationary plates after they have been
lifted out of the teeth of the inner circular comb; and according to my
Invention I mount the axes of such disks on hinged supports acted upon
by springs or weights, so that the disks will readily accomodate their
position to the bulk of fibrous material in the machine, and when such
material is withdrawn. the pressure of the springs or weights is thrown
on to regulating screws which support the axes of the disks and hold
them from contact with the stationary plates until the fibrous material is
reintroduced in the machine..
The dabbing brushes. herein-before referred to have a rapid recipro-
cating movement imparted to them. by means of balanced cranks or
excentrics, and in order to avoid noise and shocks to the machine and to
attain a high velocity of movement with such dabbing brushes according
to another part of my Invention, I provide the joints of the connecting
rods with springs acting on tightening links, by which such joints are
always kept tight;. I also provide compensating springs which act
towards the termination of the movement in either direction to arrest the
movement of the brush and assist in its reversal. The action of the
dabbing brushes is also readily adjustable by means of slots..
The bobbins upon which the slivers are wound can be placed in creels
of any of the ordinary constructions,, but according to another part of
my Invention I provide guards or covers of thin metal or other suitable
material within which the bobbins are placed, and I cause the pressing
plates or levers (for putting tension on the sliver when being unwound)
to act under the bobbins, so that the bobbins may be placed in the creel
without having to raise such pressing plates..

page_text: I would here remark that the improvements herein-before described
can be applied in accordance with my Invention to the machine
described in the Specification before referred to, and to machines con-
structed to act in a similar manner.
The said improvements are also applicable to a machine described in
the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Charles Cowper, bearing
date the 23rd February 1852, and Numbered 13,977. And according to
one part of my Invention I draw the circular fringe of fibrous forward
in the machine described in the Specification last referred to, after such
fringe has passed the porcupine roller or other cleaning apparatus in
place of before such cleaning operation. By feeding the fringe of fibres
in this manner a greater breadth of such fringe will be presented beyond
the circular nipper, so that a broader circular comb can be employed-
than hitherto, into which the fringe of fibres can be inserted by means of
a dabbing brush preparatory to presenting such fringe to the drawing
rollers or instruments employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Tongue in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 24th February 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
TONGUE, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Tongue, Her special licence
that I, the said William Tongue, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Tongue, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Tongue, my exc-

page_text: cutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Tongue, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My Invention relates to improvements in machinery for combing
fibrous materials.
Letters Patent bearing date 10th January 1854, and numbered 60
were granted to Adolphe Drevelle, for an Invention of a machine for
combing fibrous materials, and in the Specification of the said Patent two
circular combs are shown to be arranged and combined with a circular
nipper acting between two circular combs. Slivers of prepared fibrous
materials wound upon bobbins are placed in a crecl, which revolves with
the apparatus, and such slivers pass from such bobbins to the circular
combs and nippers so as to present a circular fringe of fibres. The fringo
of fibres is carried by the rotation of the combs and nipper and presented
and held at one point to the operation of a "porcupine roller" for the
removal of the short fibres and noils, and at another point to "drawing
rollers," which draw a continuous layer of combed fibres from the
circular combs, such fibres being afterwards formed upon a cylinder into
a "lap" or sheet, which is removed from time to time.
Now certain of my present improvements relate to the machine
described in the said Specification and to combing machines similarly
constructed, wherein circular combs and circular nippers are employed
acting continuously with a circular fringe. of fibrous materials.
ピ
According to one of my present improvements I so construct and
arrange the circular nipper in machines acting as above described, that
such nipper is withdrawn from between the circular combs at that point
where the drawing rollers operate to draw the fibres from the two combs.
The two circular combs can thus be brought nearer together, the space
for the nipper hitherto necessary between the two circular combs being
according to my improvements occupied by the two circular combs, and

page_text: the shorter fibres being immersed among the comb teeth are subject to
less derangement during the operation of the drawing rollers..
My Invention also consists in a novel arrangement and combination
of parts in a combing machine. In this machine the fibrous material
wound upon bobbins is placed in a creel, which revolves together with
the circular combs and nipper employed. The slivers of fibrous material
are passed through suitable guiding rings and brought out from under
one of such rings and laid radially over a circular travelling comb in
the form of an annular plate, and into this circular comb the slivers aro
immersed by a dabbing brush, so as to present a circular radial fringe
of fibres. Boxes or chambers provided with pressing surfaces to press
upon the slivers may be substituted for this comb without departing:
from the nature of my Invention. The last named comb corresponds
with the first or feeding comb in the machine described in the
Specification before referred to and such pressing surfaces may be
substituted for such feeding comb when applying my improvements
thereto.
I will now proceed to further describe the arrangement and operation
of my novel arrangement of combing machine.
The movement of the circular comb carries the fringe of fibres to a
point where such fringe is continuously taken between a circular
travelling and frictional nipper and a stationary nipping plate. The
further combined movements of the circular travelling comb and tho
circular travelling nipper carry the fringe of fibres and present them to
be operated upon by cleaning combs or instruments. The axis of the
circular nipper above referred to is arranged at an angle to the axis of
the circular comb, and the nipper is so formed and placed according to
one part of my Invention that such circular nipper may present itself
exteriorly to the circumference of the comb, and in a covenient position
for holding the fringe of fibres at that part where such fringe of fibres is
to be held by the nipper, and acted on by the cleaning sheet of combs
or other cleaning instrument. The stationary nipping plate is pressed
towards the circular frictional travelling nipper by springs or by weights,
and I provide regulating screws which support the nipping plate, when
the fibrous material is withdrawn from the machine, such regulating
screws holding the stationary nipping plate from contact with the
circular travelling nipper when the fibrous material is withdrawn from
between them. The circular nipper is also so formed and arranged

page_text: according to one part of my Invention that after operating to hold the
fringe of fibres exteriorly to the inner circular comb, such nipper is
withdrawn from the exterior circumference of the inner circular comb
and travels below such comb into such a position that an outer annular
comb can occupy the position relatively to the inner circular comb that
has been occupied at one point by the circular nipper, and so that the
teeth of the outer comb can be inserted by a dabbing brush or instrument
into that part of the fringe of fibres formerly held by the nipper, and
further, so that the inner and outer circular combs can be arranged as
close together as may be desirable. The axis of the outer annular comb
is also at an angle to the axis of the inner circular comb, and the outer
annular comb is so formed and arranged that it presents itself exteriorly
to the inner circular comb at that point where the fringe of fibrous
materials is presented to the drawing rollers or instruments, the fringe
of fibrous materials being immersed in such outer circular comb by
means of a dabbing brush. After the fringe of fibrous materials has
been presented to the drawing rollers or other drawing or detaching
instruments, the outer circular comb is so formed and arranged that it
is withdrawn from the exterior circumference of the inner comb and
travels below such comb into such a position that the circular nipper
can again take the ends of the fringe of fibrous materials. Where it is
desirable to heat the comb teeth the surface upon which the outer comb
travels can be heated by steam or the comb can be otherwise heated.
The inner and outer circular combs and the circular nipper are driven
separately by toothed wheels, so that their relative speed can be
separately regulated. When combing fibrous materials the staple of
which is of greater length than the breadth of the two circular combs
I provide pressing plates which by a cam surface and springs are caused
to press upon the slivers of fibrous material at that part where the
drawing rollers or instruments operate. The pressing plates at other
times are lifted from acting upon the sliver by means of springs. I
provide stationary plates whereby the slivers are held in the combs
where the drawing rollers or instruments operate.
I would here remark that part of my Invention consists in the
combination of two combs acting together as above described, the axis of
one of such circular combs being at an angle to the axis of the other,
and the outer circular comb surrounding the exterior circumference of
the inner circular comb at that part where the radial fringe of fibres is

page_text: immersed in both of such combs and presented on the exterior of the
outer comb to the drawing rollers or detaching instruments as herein
described. The circular nipper may be attached to and surround the
inner circular comb or the slivers may be held in the inner circular
comb itself by a stationary nipping plate acting as a nipper between the
front rows of comb teeth.
The cleaning instruments employed in a combing machine constructed.
according to my Invention may be porcupine rollers or other forms of
cleaning instruments hitherto employed, but according to one part of
my present improvements I employ comb bars mounted upon an endless
sheet of leather or flexible material. The distances apart of the needles.
in these comb bars are graduated in fineness so as to first comb the.
fringe of fibres with an open and afterwards with a finer comb. The.
comb bars are secured to the sheet by the aid of screws or rivets, and
are so formed and arranged that any tension on the comb teeth tends to
withdraw such comb teeth below the general surface of the points of the
needles. The heads of the screws or rivets by which the comb bars are.
fastened to the endless sheet travel in grooves formed in the rollers over
which the endless sheet passes, so that the endless sheet passes smoothly
around such rollers. At the point where the comb teeth operate upon the
fringe of fibrous material the endless sheet passes around a small roller
and before and after passing over such small roller the sheet passes
around larger rollers by which the strain of the endless sheet upon the
smaller roller is relieved. The sheet of combs is driven by means of a
roller, and the ends of the comb bars are guided by stationary guiding
surfaces which can be heated by steam when combing wool or fibrous
materials, where it is desirable to heat the comb teeth. The noil and
short fibres are taken from the sheet of combs by a circular brush and
removed by a doffing roller and knife.
Ordinary "fluted" or other drawing rollers or instruments such as
have been hitherto employed may be employed in combination with a
combing machine constructed according to my Invention, but in
accordance with one part of my Invention I employ drawing rollers
arranged in the following manner :-An endless leather or flexible sheet
passes over and around each drawing roller, and I press such drawing
rollers towards one another by means of two pressing rollers of larger
diameter than the drawing rollers. The larger rollers can be driven at
any desired velocity, and to the axes of these pressing rollers any suitable

page_text: pressure can be applied by means of springs or weights. I arrange the
longitudinal axes of the drawing rollers and the pressing rollers in a
plane, or as nearly so as the construction of the machine will admit,
and I form the outer circular comb so as to allow room for the pressing
rollers. The endless leathers according to this part of my Invention are
interposed between the pressing rollers and the drawing rollers so that
there is no direct contact between the pressing rollers and drawing
rollers. In accordance with my Invention the fibrous material is taken
hold of between two drawing leathers, which thus have a powerful hold
upon the fibres. In order to drive the endless leathers and to assist
their pulling action to pull out the fibres from the circular comb.
according to one part of my Invention the two endless leathers pass
between rollers, which are pressed together and driven at a suitable
velocity to ensure the regular movement of the drawing leathers, and
relieve the drawing rollers from any pressure except such as may be
necessary to draw the fibrous material from the circular combs. The
two endless drawing leathers afterwards pass together over a roller or
rollers to counteract any tendency of the fibrous material to adhere to
the endless drawing leathers, and such leathers then separate from one
another and pass over separate tightening rollers, each of such leathers
also having guide plates provided to aid in retaining the endless leathers
in the desired lateral position. At the point where the endless drawing
leathers separate a roller is provided to aid in causing the layer of fibrous
material to travel away with one of such endless drawing leathers. I
provide a guard plate between the points of the needles in the circular
comb, and the endless drawing leather or sheet.
In a combing machine constructed according to my Invention the
layer of fibrous materials withdrawn by the drawing rollers, (whether
such rollers are of the ordinary description or are formed and arranged
as herein-before described) can be either formed into a "lap" or into a
sliver by any of the methods hitherto practiced, but in accordance with
one part of my Invention I form the layer of fibrous material into a
sliver in the following manner :-The movement of the endless travelling
sheet carrying the layer of fibrous materials carries such layer under a
rod or plate placed angularly to the endless sheet, the position of such
rod or plate being capable of adjustment. On the other side of the rod
or plate I arrange an independent travelling endless sheet driven at a
suitable speed. The position of this second endless sheet relatively
to the position of the rod is capable of adjustment.. The frame

page_text: supporting the rollers around which the independent endless sheet
passes is hinged so that the sheet can be readily raised from the rod or
plate and so expose the rod and the layer of fibrous materials to view.
By the aid of the independent endless sheet the layer of fibres is
collected at or upon the rod and delivered in the form of a sliver from
the leather, from which it passes to a rotating funnel and delivering
rollers capable of adjustment to the various angles at which it may be
desired to deliver the sliver from between the two leathers, as above
described. The endless sheet before referred to which brings the layer
of fibrous materials to the rod or plate before named passes over a roller
or rod so as to bring the surface of such sheet sufficiently near to the
independent endless sheet, and at the same time facilitate the collecting
of the layer of fibrous materials by the independent endless sheet. The
endless sheet after passing over the rod or roller above named afterwards
passes over rollers placed in an angular position and capable of adjust-
ment so as to return the endless sheet to the correct lateral position.
I also provide the machine with a "stopping motion" for arresting the
movement of the machine in case of the sliver becoming deranged or
broken or not being properly delivered from the machine.
In place of the drawing rollers a machine constructed according to
my Invention may be provided with a circular detaching nipper which
will take hold of the fringe of fibres and draw them from the circular
comb, and such fringe of fibres may be afterwards presented by the
movement of the circular detaching nipper to sheets of combs or other
cleaning and straightening instruments, and the fringe of fibres can then
be transferred from the circular nipper to a travelling comb and drawn
from such comb into a sliver or into a lap. After the fringe of fibrous
material has passed the drawing rollers or instruments the slivers are
drawn forward so as to present a fresh supply of fibres to the action of
the cleaning instruments and the drawing rollers. Various means have
been contrived for drawing the fringe of fibres forward which may be
employed for this purpose in combination with a machine constructed
according to my Invention. According to one arrangement I employ
revolving frictional disks which draw the slivers forward over stationary
plates. after such slivers have been lifted out of the teeth of the inner
circular comb, and according to my Invention I mount the axes of such
disks on hinged supports acted upon by springs or weights so that the
disks will readily accomodate their position to the bulk of fibrous
material in the machine, and when such material is withdrawn the

page_text: pressure of the springs or weights is thrown on to regulating screws
which support the axes of the disks and hold them from contact with
the stationary plates until the fibrous material is reintroduced into the
machine.
The dabbing brushes herein-before referred to have a rapid reciprocating
movement imparted to them by means of balanced cranks, or excentrics,
and in order to avoid noise and shocks to the machine and to attain a
high velocity of movement with such dabbing brushes according to
another part of my Invention I provide the joints of the connecting rods
with springs acting on tightening links by which such joints are always
kept tight. I also provide compensating springs which act towards the
termination of the movement in either direction to arrest the movement
of the brush and assist in its reversal. The action of the dabbing brushes
is also readily adjustable by means of slots.
The bobbins upon which the slivers are wound can be placed in creels
of any of the ordinary constructions, but according to another part of
my Invention I provide guards or covers of thin metal or other suitable
material within which the bobbins are placed, and I cause the pressing
plates or levers (for putting tension on the sliver when being unwound),
to act under the bobbins so that the bobbins may be placed in the creel
without having to raise such pressing plates.
I would here remark that the improvements herein-before described
can be applied in accordance with my Invention to the machine described
in the Specification before referred to and to machines constructed to act
in a similar manner.
The said improvements are also applicable to a machine described
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Charles Cowper,
bearing date the 23d January 1852, and numbered 13,977, and to
other descriptions of combing machines.
Having now stated the nature of my Invention I will proceed to
describe the Drawings hereunto annexed which shew so much of my
novel arrangement and combination of parts into a combing machine
as will enable me to explain the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a general plan or bird's-eye view of the machine, the
creel and the upper part of the sliver guide being removed; Fig. 2

page_text: Fig. 3 shews a vertical section of some of the principal operating parts
of the machine; Fig. 4 shews a vertical transverse section of some parts
of the machine at the line A, B, of Fig. 1, looking towards the driving
pullies; Fig. 5 shews a vertical transverse section of some parts of the
machine at the line C, D, of Fig. 1, also looking towards the driving
pullies; Fig. 6 shews a vertical transverse section of some parts of the
machine at the line C, D, of Fig. 1, looking towards the cleaning sheet
end of the machine; Fig. 7 is a front elevation, partly in section, of
some parts of the "dabbing brush" motion; Fig. 8 is a front elevation,
and Fig. 9 a plan of the nipping bar plate and supports shewn separately;
Fig. 10 shews a side elevation of the cleaning comb sheet and apparatus
combined therewith; Fig. 11 shews a vertical transverse section of some
parts of the same; Fig. 12 shews an end elevation of some parts of the
same; Fig. 13 shews an end view, and Fig. 14 a back view of part of.
the endless cleaning sheet of comb bars; Fig. 15 shews a side clevation,
Fig. 16 a plan, and Fig. 17 a front elevation of the drawing rollers and
slivering apparatus; Fig. 18 shews a side elevation, partly in section, of
the feeding disks u, u, and parts connected therewith; Fig. 19 shews a
section, and Fig. 20 a plan of part of the creel.
a, a, is the framing of the machine supporting a table a¹, upon which
the operating parts of the machine are mounted; 6 is the main driving
axis revolving in the bearings 6* secured to the framing a of the
machine; 6** is the loose pulley, and 6' the driving pulley moving on
the stud 63, and giving motion to the toothed wheel 6, which takes into
and drives the toothed wheel 65 fixed on the main driving axis 6 of the
machine. The fibrous material wound upon bobbins c is placed in a
creel c', which revolves together with the circular combs d and e and
the nipper f. The creel c¹ and the inner circular comb d are both
mounted upon the vertical axis d¹. The vertical axis d' revolves in the
step a secured to the framework a, and in the socket a³ secured to
the table a', and motion is communicated to the vertical axis d' in the
following manner:-6 (see Fig. 2) is a bevilled wheel fixed on the main
driving axis b. The bevilled wheel 6 takes into and drives the bevilled
wheel d² fixed upon a socket which turns upon a vertical stud d³ secured
to a stationary bracket d'; d³ is a toothed wheel fixed upon the same
socket as the bevilled wheel d, and the toothed wheel d³ take into and
drives the toothed wheel de fixed upon a socket which turns upon the
vertical stud d' secured to the adjustable radius bar ds; d' is a toothed

page_text: •
wheel fixed upon the same socket as the toothed wheel do, and the
toothed wheel d₁ takes into and drives the toothed wheel d" fixed upon
the vertical axis d", which turns in the bearings d* secured to the
framing a of the machine. The toothed wheel d¹ takes into. and drives
the toothed wheel d", which is fixed upon a socket turning upon the
vertical stud d¹³ secured to the adjustable radius bar d"; d is a toothed
pinion fixed upon the same socket as the toothed wheel d¹, and the
toothed pinion d" takes into and drives the toothed wheel d¹ fixed upon
the vertical axis d', upon which the circular comb d and the creel c¹ are
secured. The slivers of fibrous material are conducted through the
guiding rings du, d, and are brought out from under the lowest of
such rings d" and laid radially over the circular travelling comb d, and
into this circular comb d as it travels round the slivers are immersed by
the dabbing brush y, so as to present a circular radial fringe of fibres
exterior to the circumference of the comb d.
I will here remark that boxes or chambers provided with pressing
surfaces or plates to press upon the slivers may be substituted for the
comb d when constructing a machine according to my Invention. The
comb d corresponds with the first or feeding comb L' in the machine
described in the Specification of Adolphe Drevelle before referred to, and
such pressing surfaces may be substituted for such feeding comb L'
when applying my improvements thereto. The movement of the
circular comb d carries the fringe of fibres to a point where such fringe
is continuously taken between a circular travelling and frictional nipper f
and a stationary nipping plate f¹. The further combined movements of
the circular travelling comb d and the circular travelling nipper f carry
the fringe of fibres and present them to be operated upon by the cleaning
combs or instruments h. The axis of the circular nipper fis arranged
at an angle to the axis of the circular comb d, and the nipper fis so
formed and placed according to one part of my Invention that such
circular nipper f may present itself exteriorly to the circumference of the
comb d and in a convenient position for holding the fringe of fibres at
that part where such fringe of fibres is to be held by the nipper f and
acted upon by the cleaning sheet of combs h. The stationary nipping
plate f¹ is secured to the bar f, which slides in the guides f³, f³, formed
upon the supporting brackets f*, f. The stationary nipping plate f¹ is
pressed towards the circular frictional travelling nipper f by springs upon
the rods f, f, but weighted levers may be employed for this purpose.
B

page_text: f³, f, are regulating screws, which support the nipping plate f¹ when the
fibrous material is withdrawn from the machine, such regulating screws
f, f, holding the stationary nipping plate f¹ from contact with the
circular travelling nipper f until the fibrous material is introduced into
the machine. The circular travelling nipper fis secured to the socketf",
such socket turning upon the hollow support or axis f* secured to the
table a¹ of the machine. The socket f has a toothed rack formed
around it at ƒ³, and movement is communicated to this circular rack and
to the circular nipper in the following manner:- 1 (see Fig. 3) is a
bevilled wheel upon the vertical axis d before referred to, and the
bevilled wheel 10 takes into and drives the bevilled wheel ƒ upon the
inclined axis f which turns in the socket f* secured to the framing a
of the machine, and in the socket f secured to the table a. f is a
toothed pinion upon the axis f, and the toothed pinion f¹³ takes into
and drives the toothed rack f upon the socket f, and with it the
circular nipper f. Oil can be supplied to the socket a³ and to the
socket through the tubes d** and f¹, one of which is omitted from
the Drawing. The oil is conducted by these tubes respectively to the
three annular distributing channels a*, a³, a³. The channel a* supplics
oil to the socket a³, and the channels a³ and a respectively supply oil by
the tubes a' and a³ to the upper and lower parts of the socket ƒ. The
circular nipper fis also so formed and arranged according to one part of
my Invention that after operating to, hold the fringe of fibres exteriorly
to the inner circular comb d such nipper fis withdrawn from the exterior
circumference of the inner circular comb d, and travels into such a
position that an outer annular combe can occupy the position relatively
to the inner circular comb d that has been occupied at one point of its
rotation by the circular nipper f, and so that the teeth of the outer
circular comb e can be inserted by a dabbing brush or instrument i into
that part of the fringe of fibres formerly held between the circular
nipper fand the nipping plate f¹, and further so that the inner and outer
circular combs d and e can be arranged as close together as may be
desirable. The axis of the outer annular comb e is also at an angle to
the axis of the inner circular comb d and the outer annular combe is so
formed and placed that such comb e presents itself exteriorly to the
inner circular comb d at that part where the fringe of fibrous materials
is presented to the drawing rollers or instruments k,. the fringe of fibrous
materials being immersed in such outer circular comb by means of a
dabbing brush i, as before stated. After the fringe of fibrous materials

page_text: has been presented to the drawing rollers k or other drawing instruments
the outer circular comb e is so formed and placed that it is withdrawn
from the exterior circumference of the inner circular comb d and travels
below such comb into such a position that the circular nipper fcan
again take the ends of the fringe of fibrous material. The circular
comb e is mounted upon the ring e', which is provided with teeth.
forming a circular rack at e². The circular comb e is formed, as shewn,
with a projecting part e³, by which it is secured to the ring e¹; this
ring e¹ is supported upon and moves around the circular supporting
surface e, which is secured to the table a¹ of the machine; and when it
is desirable to heat the comb teeth the surface upon which the outer
comb travels can be heated by steam introduced into the steam chamber e³.
Motion is communicated to the circular comb e in the following
manner :- -e* (sce Fig. 2) is a toothed pinion, which takes into and is
driven by the toothed wheel d¹ before referred to. The pinion e is
fixed upon a socket, which turns upon the vertical stud e secured to the
adjustable radius bar e8. e is a toothed wheel fixed upon the same
socket as the pinion e", and the toothed wheel e' takes into and drives
the toothed wheel e¹ fixed upon the vertical axis e", which turns in
bearings e secured to the framing a of the machine. e¹³ (see Fig. 3) is.
a bevilled wheel fixed upon the axis e", and the bevilled wheel e¹³ takes
into and drives the bevilled wheel e fixed upon the inclined axis e¹.
The axis es turns in the socket e¹ secured to the framing a of the
machine and in the socket e¹ secured to the table a¹ of the machine.
e¹³ is a pinion fixed upon the inclined axis e¹, and the pinion e¹8 takes
into and drives the circular toothed rack e², which carries with it the
outer circular comb e. When combing fibrous materials, the staple of
which is of greater length than the breadth of the two circular combs d
and e, I provide pressing plates 1, 1, which are caused to press upon the
slivers of fibrous material at that part where the drawing rollers k or
instruments operate. The pressing plates are hinged to the levers l',
and these levers are hinged to one of the rings d" before referred to.
are springs, which act upon the levers / so as to lift the plates / away
from the fibrous material except when pressed against such material as
hereafter described. 1, P³, are levers hinged to the levers l', and the
levers, 1, carry rollers or trucks 1, 1. 1, ♬, are springs, which tend
to separate the levers and ³. The levers 7 are guided by the pins &
upon one of the rings d¹, and the levers are guided by the pins / upon
the levers . 1 is a cam surface, which is supported by brackets from
12 2

page_text: the framing which supports the drawing rollers k, and the cam surface
acts against the trucks or rollers *, *, so as to press the plates against
the fibrous material, the pressure being transmitted through the yielding
springs F, 1.
I would here remark that in the Drawings I have shewn a certain
number of divisions and pressing plates, but the number of these divisions
may be greatly varied when constructing a combing machine according
to my Invention. m, m, are stationary plates between the rows of pins
in the circular combs d and e to assist in retaining the fibrous material
among the needles of such combs until after such material has been
carried past the drawing rollers.
I would here remark that part of my Invention consists in the com-
bination of the two circular combs d and e acting together as above
described, the axes of such circular combs d and e occupying angular
positions to each other, and the outer circular comb e surrounding the
exterior circumference of the inner circular comb d at that part where
the radial fringe of fibres is immersed in both of such combs and
presented on the exterior circumference of the outer comb to the drawing
rollers k or other detaching instruments, the outer comb e at other parts
of its rotation retiring below the outer circumference of the inner comb
d as and for the purposes herein described.
I would further remark that when constructing a combing machine
according to my Invention, in accordance with one part thereof I
combine the circular nipper f with the combs d and e, in the manner
herein-before described, but in place of such nipper f a frictional nipping
ring may be attached to or formed upon and surround the inner circular
comb d, or in place of such nipping ring the slivers may be held in the
inner circular comb d itself by a stationary nipping plate acting as a
nipper between the front rows of needles, without departing from my
Invention, so long as inner and outer circular combs d and e are
combined and arranged as herein described.
The cleaning instruments in a combing machine constructed according
to my Invention may be "porcupine" rollers or other forms of cleaning
instruments hitherto employed, but according to one part of my present
improvements I employ comb bars h, h, (see Fig. 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14)
mounted upon an endless sheet of leather or flexible material h¹, as the
cleaning instruments in combination with the combing machine herein
described, and in combination with the machines constructed according

page_text: to the Specifications of Adolphe Drevelle and of Charles Cowper, before
referred to. I make no claim to the use of the cleaning instruments
herein described except in combination with the said machines. The
distances apart of the needles in the comb bars are graduated so as to
first comb the fringe of fibrous material as it is carried along with an
open and afterwards with a finer comb. The comb bars are secured
to the sheet by the aid of screws or rivets, and the comb bars h are
so formed and attached to the sheet ¹ that any extra tension on the
needles in any particular bar tends to withdraw such needles below the
general surface of the points of the needles. The heads h* of the screws
or rivets by which the comb bars are fastened to the endless sheet h¹
travel in grooves formed in the rollers h³, h*, h³, and hº over which the
endless-sheet ¹ passes, so that the endless sheet h¹ passes smoothly over
and around such rollers h³, h*, h³, and hª. The axes of the rollers h³, h*,
hs, and he, revolve respectively in the bearings h², h³, hº, and h¹º, such
bearings being secured to the framework h*. The bearings h¹0 which
support the roller * are adjustable so as to put a suitable tension
on the endless sheet h', and the position of the bearings h¹ can be
accurately regulated by the aid of the screws and lock nuts h" and
12; 13, h, is a cover which encloses and protects the sheet of combs /
and prevents the escape of dust and short fibres.
The upper part 1" of
the cover is hinged to the lower part 18 and can be readily turned
back or removed for the inspection of the sheet of comb bars h. The
cover ¹³, h, is connected with the bearings h by the brackets h¹³,
so that the cover h¹³, 1¼, is moved with such bearings 1°. when the
position of the roller is adjusted. The framing h* in which the
x
endless sheet of combs is mounted and works also supports the
parts accessory to such endless sheet of combs h. The framing h*
with the parts supported thereby forms a distinct apparatus which can
be removed bodily from the machine. The framing h* is secured to
the table a¹ of the machine by bolts, and there are slots in the
feet of the framing h* and in the table a¹ to admit of the adjust-
ment of the framing h* and the apparatus supported thereby; h¹ are
set screws whereby the distance of the cleaning sheet of combs h
with the whole of the apparatus accessory thereto from the nipper ƒ can
be accurately adjusted. At the point where the needles in the comb
bars h operate upon the fringe of fibrous material the endless sheet h¹
passes around a small roller 1, and before and after passing over such
small roller the sheet ¹ passes around the larger rollers h* and h³, by

page_text: which the strain of the endless sheet upon the smaller roller is relieved.
The sheet of comb bars h is driven by means of the roller he which is
caused to rotate at the desired velocity as herein-after explained. The
ends of the comb bars h are guided and supported by the stationary
guiding surfaces h¹, h, and h¹³, h¹³, secured to the framing h* of the
cleaning apparatus, and k¹ is a steam case by means of which the
stationary guiding surfaces h", h", can be heated when combing wool ar
other fibrous materials where it is desirable to heat the comb teeth. The
short fibres and noil taken by the endless sheet of combs h are removed
therefrom by the circular brush 720 which is caused to revolve at a higher
surface speed than the combs h. The axis h" of the circular brush 20
revolves in the bearings / secured to the framing h*, and such bearings h
are accurately adjustable to or from the endless sheet h¹ by the aid of the
set screws ; h” is a “doffing" roller covered with card fillet, and the noil
taken by the circular brush his deposited upon the surface of the doffing
cylinder . The axis of the doffing cylinder h²* turns in bearings h
secured to the framework h*, and the position of the bearings h can be
regulated so as to adjust the surface of the doffing cylinder 2 to the
surface of the revolving brush 720 by the aid of the screws h. The circular
brush and the doffing roller hare enclosed by a casing h³ so as to
prevent the escape of short fibres and dust, and for the same purpose the
sides of the framework h* are enclosed, and h" are sight holes to enable
the attendant to adjust the surface of the brush * to the sheet h, and the
doffing roller h* to the brush h, and 30 are sliding doors or covers for
closing the sight holes . The doffing cylinder 24 is caused to revolve
in the direction of the arrow and carry the noil and short fibres
which have been deposited upon it by the brush h, and present such
noil to be removed by the " doffing knife" ³¹, such doffing knife h³¹
being actuated by the crank axis ha. The crank axis revolves in
bearings secured to the framework h*, and capable of adjustment
by the screws h³. The movement of the doffing knife is governed
by the links 43, which are also adjustable by the aid of the screws k³.
Movement is communicated to the endless sheet of combs and to the
other parts supported by the frame * in the following manner: — b' is
a bevilled wheel, fixed upon the main driving axis 6 (see Fig. 2). The
bevilled wheel 7 takes into and drives a bevilled wheel " fixed upon
a socket which turns upon the vertical stud h³ secured to the adjustable
bracket which is secured to the framing a of the machine. * is a
toothed wheel fixed upon the same socket as the bevilled wheel ", and

page_text: the toothed wheel h takes into and drives the intermediate toothed
wheel which turns upon a vertical stud secured to the adjustable
radius bar . The toothed wheel h takes into and drives the toothed
wheel /* fixed upon a socket which turns upon a vertical stud secured
to the radius bar h h is a toothed wheel fixed upon the same socket
as the toothed wheel ", and the toothed wheel ** takes into and drives
the toothed wheel h* fixed upon the vertical axis h*. The lower end of
the vertical axis * turns in a bearing h" secured to the framing a
of the machine, the position of such bearing being adjustable in either
direction. The upper end of the vertical axis * passes through the
table a¹ and turns in. a socket 48 secured to the table a', and also
capable of adjustment in either direction. 7 (see Fig. 1) is a bevilled
wheel fixed on the axis *, and this bevilled wheel takes into and drives
the bevilled wheel 75 fixed upon the axis " of the circular brush 20,
which is thus caused to revolve. Motion is transmitted from the
axis of the circular brush h to the axis of the roller he in the
following manner (see Figs. 10 to 14) :-h³ is a toothed wheel fixed on
the axis ", and h2 is a toothed wheel fixed on the axis of the roller h.
and are intermediate toothed wheels taking into each other and
into the toothed wheels " and h³, and transmitting movement from
the axis 21 to the axis of the roller h. The intermediate toothed
wheels and turn upon studs secured to the adjustable radius
bar . Motion is transmitted from the axis h¹ to the doffing roller h
through the train of toothed wheels 18, h³, h³, ho, ho, and h¹, the
5 wheels h³ and " being respectively fixed upon the axes h" and h², and
the toothed wheels h7, 8, and ho, ho, turning upon studs secured to
the adjustable radius bar h. The crank axis 2 is driven by an endless
belt passing around the pulley hes on the axis 2, and the pulley h** on
the crank axis 3. 7 is an adjustable pulley for tightening the endless
) belt 68.
I will here remark that one part of my Invention consists in com-
bining with the combing machines, described in the Specifications of
Adolphe Drevelle and Charles Cowper, before referred to, the endless
sheet of comb bars h, formed and arranged with the attendant apparatus
5 as herein-before described, in place of the porcupine roller hitherto
emploved as a cleaning instrument in the said combing machines. I have

page_text: machines, and aided by the description herein of the sheet of combs
and apparatus, will readily apply the said cleaning apparatus to the
said machines.
I will now proceed further to describe my novel arrangement of
combing machine. Ordinary "fluted" or other drawing rollers or in-
struments such as have been hitherto employed may be employed in
combination with a combing machine constructed according to my
Invention, but in accordance with one part of my Invention I arrange
drawing rollers and cause them to operate in the following manner :—
k, k, (see Figs. 15, 16, and 17) are the drawing rollers. The axes of
these drawing rollers k, k¹, turn in sockets which are capable of move-
ment in the guides ², such guides being secured to the framing k*.
The framing k* supports the drawing rollers k and apparatus accessory
thereto, and the framing k* is secured to the table a¹ of the machine, so
that such framing k* and all parts thereon can be bodily removed from
the table a¹. The framing * by means of slots in the framing k* and
in the table a¹ can be also moved laterally or longitudinally of the
table a¹, and so as to adjust the rollers k to the desired position in
relation to and distance from the circular comb e before referred to.
An endless drawing leather or flexible sheet passes over and around
the drawing roller k, and a second endless drawing leather ** passes
over and around the drawing roller ¹.
diameter than the drawing rollers k and k².
supported in bearings in the framework k*,
turn in sockets k capable of moving in the guides k³. k³ are links by
means of which pressure is applied to the sockets k7, and so cause the
roller to press the rollers k and k¹ down upon the roller k³, the
rollers k and k¹ being pressed towards each other between the rollers k³
and ke, and the guides and allowing the rollers k, k³, and ke to
accommodate themselves to one another and to the endless sheets k³
and . The rollers k³ and can be driven by toothed wheels, as herein-
after described, at any desired velocity, or they may be driven entirely
by contact with the endless sheets and kt. The central longitudinal
axes of the drawing rollers k and k¹ and of the pressing rollers k³ and k
are arranged in a plane, or as nearly so as the construction of the
machine will admit, and I form the comb e so as to allow room for the
pressing roller k³. The endless leathers and k*, according to this part
and 4* are rollers of larger
The axes of the roller k³ are
and the axes of the roller Zo

page_text: of my Invention, are interposed between the pressing rollers ³ and k
and the drawing rollers k and k¹.
In accordance with one part of my Invention the fibrous material
projecting from the comb e is taken hold of between the two drawing
leathers and *, which thus have a powerful hold upon the fibres. In
order to drive the endless leathers ³ and k*, and to assist their pulling
action to pull out the fibres from the circular comb e, according to one
part of my Invention, the two endless leathers k³ and pass between
the rollers 10, 11, which are driven by toothed wheels at a suitable speed,
as herein-after described. The axes of the roller ¹ turn in bearings "
in the framing k*, and the axes of the roller turn in sockets 13,
capable of moving in the guides ¹ in the framing k*. k are links by
which pressure can be applied to the sockets ¹³, so as to press the
rollers and ¹¹ together. By the aid of the rollers 10 and the
regular movement of the drawing leathers and is ensured, and
the drawing rollers and k¹ are relieved from any pressure except such
as may be necessary to draw the fibrous material from the circular
combs d and e. It will be understood that when arranging the drawing
rollers as above described drawing rollers of small diameter can be
employed. The drawing rollers employed may be fluted, but one ad-
vantage of arranging the rollers as above described is that the rollers *
and may be cylindrical and smooth, and the, rollers k and ¹ and the
rollers and k" may be also cylindrical and smooth, or these rollers
may be "marked," as such rollers act on the interior surface of the
leather sheets k³ and k. By this means the use of fluted rollers may be
altogether avoided, and the outer surface of the leather sheets k³ and k
preserved from injury, as the surfaces of the rollers 3 and 4 (which are
the only pressing rollers acting on the exterior of the leather sheets /
and ) can be cylindrical and smooth. By the use of cylindrical rollers
the irregularity of movement and shocks to the machine are also
avoided. Pressure is applied to the rollers k" and ". In the Drawing
such pressure is shewn to be applied in the following manner :- -The
links and are connected by cross bearers ³ (see Fig. 17). (see
Fig. 5) are levers connected at one end by links k" to the bearers ³,
and the other ends of the levers
springs, so as to put the requisite
After passing between the rollers
tendency of the fibrous material to
are acted on by the rods and..
pressure upon the rollers and k".
and k", in order to counteract any
adhere to the two endless drawing

page_text: leathers * and *, such leathers pass together over the rollers k¹ and 17,
the axes of which turn in bearings k¹8 and 1 secured to the framing k*.
The endless leathers and k* then separate from one another and pass
over the tightening rollers 4" and ". The tightening roller * serves
to tighten the endless leather k³, and the tightening roller k" serves to b
tighten the endless leather k'. The axes of the tightening rollers 20
mounted
and turn respectively in the swivel bearings 4" and ",
upon the pins " and " on the adjustable blocks and k, the position
of such adjustable blocks and being regulated by the screws /*
and are adjustable guide plates for the endless leather /³, such
guide plates being secured to the cross rails k** of the framing k*; and
,, are adjustable guide plates for the endless leather *, such guido
plates being secured to the cross rails **** of the framing *. The
guide plates and " aid in retaining the endless drawing leathers k³
and in the desired lateral position. At the point where the drawing
leathers and separate a roller ³ is provided pressing upon the
leather to aid in causing the layer of fibrous materials to travel away
with one of such drawing leathers ³. The leather then passes over
the roller. The axes of the rollers and turn in the bearings
and secured to the framing k*. * is a guard plate secured to the
stationary cross rail 87. The guard plate is placed between the
needles in the circular comb e and the endless drawing leather k*.
I would here remark that the interposition of an endless travelling
sheet between a pressing roller and a drawing roller, as herein described,
forms one part of my present improvements.
Another part of my present improvements consists in supporting and
pressing two drawing rollers k and ¹ together by two larger supporting
and pressing rollers and k³, endless leather sheets and k* being
interposed between such pressing rollers ³ and " and the drawing
rollers k and k¹, as herein described.
Another part of my present improvements consists in the use of the
auxiliary rollers k¹ and k¹¹ in combination with the drawing rollers k
and k³, as and for the purposes herein described.
In a combing machine constructed according to my Invention the
layer of fibrous material withdrawn from the combe by the drawing
rollers, (whether such rollers are of the ordinary description, or are
formed and arranged as herein-before described,) can be either formed
into a lap or into a sliver by any of the methods hitherto practised, but

page_text: in accordance with one part of my Invention I form the layer of fibrous
material into a sliver in the following manner :-The movement of the
endless travelling sheet carrying the layer of fibrous materials carries
such layer under a rod n placed angularly to the endless sheet k³. The
rod n is secured to the slotted bracket n¹. The slotted bracket n¹ is secured
by the bolts n³, n³, to the bracket n which is secured to the frame k*.
The bracket n is adjustable by means of a slot along the frame k*, and
by the aid of the slots in the brackets n' and n' and the slot in the
frame * the angular position of the rod n in relation to the endless
sheet k³ can be adjusted at will. n is an endless leather or flexible sheet.
The endless sheet n³ passes around the driving roller nº and the tightening
roller n', and by means of the roller n the sheet 225 is driven at a suitable
speed, as hereafter described. The axes of the roller no turn in the
bearings n³ fixed to the bracket nº. The axes of the roller n turn in
swivel bearings n¹º on the studs n", such studs n¹¹ being secured to the
blocks, which are capable of adjustment in the slotted frame n¹s by
means of the screws n¹. The frame n¹s turns upon the bearings 18 as
on hinges so that the frame n¹³ with the endless leather sheet n³ can be
raised from the rod n and the endless sheet k³. n¹s is an adjustable screw
support upon which the frame 1213 rests when in operation. n18, 1218,
are guide plates to assist in retaining the endless sheet n³ in the
desired lateral position. The bracket n° which supports the roller
and the frame n¹³ is formed with slots as shewn, and the bracket n°
is secured to the slotted bracket n" by means of bolts as shown. The
slotted bracket n is secured to the frame k*, but by means of a
slot in the frame * the bracket n" is adjustable along the frame k*,
and by the aid of the slots in the brackets n° and n" and the slot
in the frame k* the angular position of the endless sheet n' in relation
to the rod n and to the endless sheet can be adjusted at will. By
the aid of the endless travelling sheet n the layer of fibres is collectel
upon the rod n and delivered in the form of a sliver from the point of
the rod n from which the sliver passes to the rotating funnel p and to
the delivering rollers q, q'. The endless sheet ³ passes over a roller or
rod 18 so as to bring the surface of the endless sheet sufficiently near
to the endless sheet n and at the same time facilitate the collecting of
the layer of fibrous materials upon the rod n. The roller or rod 18 is
secured to the bracket n¹. Slots are provided in the bracket n¹ by means
of which the rod n is capable of horizontal adjustment to or from the
rod or roller 218 while the rod 218 is capable of vertical adjustment so

page_text: as to regulate the elevation of the surface of the endless sheet 3. n
and 20 are rollers placed in an angular position, and the endless sheet ³
passes over the roller n and under the roller 220, so as to return the
endless sheet ³ to the correct lateral position. The axes of the rollers 221
and turn in bearings n and n secured to the slotted bar 23, and
the roller 21 is capable of adjustment to and from the roller n20. The
slotted barn is secured by bolts to the brackets 24. The brackets 1224
are secured to the frame * but are capable of adjustment along such
frame by slots in such frame, and by the aid of the slots in the
bar and the adjustable brackets the position of the rollers n¹
and n can be adjusted at will. I would here remark that in the
machine described in the Specification of Charles Cowper, before referred
to, a rod or roller is employed upon which the layer of fibrous material
is collected from an endless sheet by the aid of a revolving tube or
funnel. I do not therefore claim the exclusive use of such rod and
funnel, however arranged, for collecting a layer of fibrous materials
unless combined with the endless travelling sheet n³ as herein described.
.
The funnel p (Figs. 1 and 4) turns in the bearings p' in the forked
bracket p. The bracket p² is secured upon the socket p³ and can be
adjusted upon such socket p³ so as to regulate the angular position of
the funnel p. The socket p³ is secured to and is adjustable along the
cross rail q** of the framing q* secured to the table a¹ of the machine.
By the aid of the adjustable bracket p' and the adjustable socket p³ the
angle and position of the funnel p can be adjusted to various positions
of the rod n. The framing q* supports the funnel p and the rollers q
and q' the balling head and parts accessory thereto, so that the framing q*
and all parts thereon can be bodily dismounted from the table a¹.
axes of the lower rollers of the pairs of rollers q, q¹, are supported by
adjustable bearings secured to the brackets q² such brackets q³ being
capable of adjustment along the cross rail q** according to the position.
of the funnel p. The axes of the upper rollers of the pairs of rollers q, q',
turn in the guides q³ so as to be free to accommodate themselves to the
material passing between the rollers q, q', and the rollers q, q¹, are
pressed together by the aid of the links q* and springs q³.
The
I also provide the machine with a stopping motion for arresting the
movement of the machine in case of the sliver not being properly
delivered to the rollers q, q¹, and this is effected in the following manner,
some of the parts being shewn at Fig. 21. 6s is the belt fork for moving

page_text: х
The
the driving belt from the loose to the fast pulley or the reverse.
belt fork 68 is secured to the bar 6° connected by pin joints to the hand
levers is also a hand lever which by the fork 6 acts to move the
bar 6. The movement of the belt fork in either direction is arrested by.
the stops and the weight of the bar bº tends to retain the belt fork b°,
opposite to whichever of the pullies b** or b¹ it may be placed; 6 is a
lever acted upon by springs so as to bring one end of such lever
against a stop or catch on the catch lever 6 which thus acts to retain
the lever in the position shewn in the Drawing; 6¹ is a surface acting
between the rollers q and q', the surface 6 is connected by pin joints to
the parallel links 6". One of the parallel links 617 is weighted so as to.
overbalance the surface 61 and give it a tendency to rise, and this link b
also carries a swinging piece 618; 61 is a finger fixed upon the revolving
axis ; ¹ is a bell crank lever, one end of which 62 is adjustable, and
rests upon one end of the catch lever 6¹³ before referred to. It will be
understood that the sliver of fibrous material passing from the rollers q
to the rollers q¹ will prevent the surface 618 from rising, but upon such
sliver not being delivered from the rollers q to the rollers q¹, the
surface 61 will then rise, the swinging piece 618 will be lowered between
the finger and the lever 62, when the catch lever 6 will be acted on,
so as to release the lever 6", which will then act on the lever 6" to move
the belt fork 68 and stop the machine. When the lever bu is again
moved to put the machine in motion it moves the lever 6¹ into a
position to be again taken and held by the catch lever 65, as above
described. Movement is communicated to the rollers and ku to the
roller n³, and to the rollers q, q', from the main driving axis b, so that
the relative speed and position of such rollers can be varied and regulated
separately, and at the same time so that the speed of the whole of such
rollers in relation to the other parts of the machine can be varied
together by changing one toothed wheel without altering their relative
speeds. Movement is communicated to the rollers k¹º, nº, and q and q¹ in
the following manner (see Figs. 1, 2, 4, and 5) :— 623 is a toothed pinion
fixed on the main driving axis b. The toothed pinion 6 takes into and
drives the toothed wheel / fixed upon a socket which turns upon the
stud. The stud k is secured to the adjustable stud plate k, which
is secured to the framing a of the machine; k" is a toothed wheel fixed
on the same socket as the toothed wheel, and the toothed wheel
takes into and drives the toothed wheel k fixed on the axis . The
axis turns in the adjustable bearing secured to the bracket k",
"

page_text: which is secured to the framing a. The axis also turns in the
adjustable bearing 52 secured to the framing a; kas is a bevilled wheel
fixed upon the axis, and the bevilled wheel takes into and drives
the bevilled wheel fixed upon the vertical axis. The vertical
axis k turns at its lower end in the adjustable socket * secured to the
adjustable bracket, which is secured to the framing a.
23
The upper end
to the
by the
of the vertical axis " turns in the adjustable socket secured to the table
a¹; is a bevilled wheel fixed on the upper end of the axis k*, and the
bevilled wheel takes into and drives the bevilled wheel 4*, fixed on the
axis of the roller 10. The rollers 10 and 4" are geared together by toothed
wheels, and motion is communicated from the roller
roller by the toothed wheels and k, and to the roller
toothed wheels and 0. Motion is communicated to the roller ne in
the following manner :- is a bevilled wheel fixed upon the axis ",
and the bevilled wheel n25 takes into and drives the bevilled wheel 26
fixed upon the vertical axis 27. The lower end of the vertical axis 227
turns in the adjustable socket 28, such socket 2228 being secured to the
adjustable bracket 1, which is secured to the framing a.
The upper
end of the vertical axis n turns in the adjustable socket 2230 which is
secured to the table a¹; 31 is a toothed wheel fixed on the upper end of
the axis 27 and the toothed whcel n³ takes into and drives the
intermediate toothed wheel n³ turning upon a stud n. The stud n³³ is
secured to the adjustable radius bracket 2 secured to the socket 120.
The toothed wheel 232 takes into and drives the toothed wheel n fixed
upon the lower end of the short vertical axis 238. The axis n turns in a
socket n secured to the adjustable bracket ; " is a bevilled wheel
fixed at the upper end of the axis n, and the bevilled wheel 2 takes
into and drives the bevilled wheel 22 fixed on the axis of the roller nº.
Motion is communicated to the rollers q, q', in the following manner :-
q is a bevilled wheel fixed upon the axis and the bevilled wheel q
takes into and drives the bevilled wheel q' fixed upon the axis q³. The
axis qs turns in the adjustable bearings qº secured to the framing a of
the machine; q is a bevilled wheel fixed upon the axis q³, and the
bevilled wheel q₁ takes into and drives the bevilled wheel q" fixed
upon the axis q¹. The axis q¹ turns in the adjustable bearings q¹³
secured to the framing a of the machine%3B q is a bevilled wheel
fixed upon the axis q, and the bevilled wheel q¼ takes into and
drives the bevilled wheel q3 fixed upon the vertical axis q. The
vertical axis qo turns at its lower end in an adjustable socket q",
14

page_text: such socket being secured to the adjustable bracket q¹8, which is secured
to the framing a. The upper end of the vertical axis q¹ turns in the
adjustable socket q₁ secured to the table a¹; q" is a bevilled wheel fixed
on the upper end of the axis q, and the bevilled wheel 920 takes into
and drives the bevilled wheel q¹ fixed upon a socket which turns upon a
stud secured to the frame q* before referred to; q" is a toothed wheel
fixed upon the same socket as the bevilled wheel q" and the toothed
wheel q takes into and drives the intermediate toothed wheel q* turning
upon a stud secured to the adjustable radius bar 7. The toothed
wheel takes into and drives the toothed wheel q fixed upon the.
axis before referred to, and from this axis motion is communicated by
intermediate wheels, as shewn in the Drawings to the rollers q, q', and
to the balling apparatus, which is of the ordinary construction.
Movement is communicated to the funnel p, in the following manner :-
6 is a pulley fixed upon the axis b, and by means of an endless belt
from the pulley 6" to the pulley p' fixed upon the axis p', such axis p
is caused to revolve. The revolution of the axis p* is communicated to a
vertical axis turning within the socket p³ by means of a bevilled wheel
upon the axis p³, and a bevilled wheel upon such vertical axis; p* is a
bevilled wheel upon the upper end of the vertical axis last referred to,
and the bevilled wheel pe takes into and drives the bevilled wheel p³,
fixed upon the revolving funnel p.
I would here remark that in place of drawing rollers a machine con-
structed according to my Invention may be provided with a circular
detaching nipper, which will take hold of the fringe of fibres and draw
them from the circular combs e and d, and such fringe of fibres may be
afterwards presented by such nipper to sheets of combs or other cleaning
instruments, and then formed into a lap or sliver. The fringe of fibres
carried by the circular comb d from the cleaning combs / to be deposited
into the outer circular comb e travels over a stationary plate r, and as
the fringe of fibres travels along the points of the fibres are arranged
and directed towards the drawing rollers by the "strokers" 8 and t. The
strokers is provided with angular vanes, and turns upon a stud secured
to the bracket s¹. The stroker & is actuated by means of a belt passing
around the pulley 82 and the pulley fixed upon the axis . The
"stroker" t is fixed upon a short axis turning in the adjustable socket t¹
and motion is communicated to the stroker t in the following manner :
- is a bevilled wheel upon the axis , and the wheel t2 takes into and
drives the bevilled wheel ³ fixed on the axis t, turning in an adjustable
8

page_text: socket. Motion is communicated from the axis to the axis of the
stroker by an endless belt passing around the pullies and t. After
the combs d and e have carried the fringe of fibrous material past the
drawing rollers or other detaching instruments the slivers of fibrous
material are lifted out of the comb d and drawn forward so as to present
a fresh supply of fibres to the action of the cleaning instruments h, and
the drawing rollers or detaching instruments.
In the Drawings the feeding instruments are shown in such a position
that the fringe of slivers is drawn forward before arriving at the cleaning
combs h, but I would have it understood that when constructing a
machine according to my Invention such feeding instruments may
be placed in such a position as to draw the fringe of fibres forward
after passing the cleaning combs or instruments in place of before
passing such instruments, in which case the comb e must be formed
proportionately broad.
Various means have been contrived for drawing a circular fringe of
fibres forward, which may be employed for this purpose in combination
with a machine constructed according to my Invention.
According to one arrangement I employ the revolving frictional
disks and (see Fig. 1). The axes and supports of the disks u and v
are similarly supported and arranged, so that the same description will
apply to both of such disks. After the slivers of fibrous material have
been raised from the comb d by the plates u¹ and the revolving disks
they are drawn forward over the plate ¹ by the revolving disk v, the
angular position of the disk v regulating the amount of fibrous material
drawn forward, such plates u₁ and v¹ being secured to the stationary
bar w. The disks u and are fixed upon the axes u² and v² turning in the
bearings us and v³, such bearings being hinged to the brackets u' and v
secured to the table a¹ and adjustable thereon. The hinged bearings u³
and v³ are drawn down by springs upon rods u³ (see Fig. 18), so that
the disks and will readily accomodate themselves to the bulk of
the fibrous material in the machine, and when such material is with-
drawn the pressure of the springs (or weights when weights are em-
ployed) is thrown, upon the regulating screws u which support the
hinged bearings u³ and v³ and the disks u and v, and hold such disks u
and from contact with the stationary plates u¹ and v¹ until the fibrous
material is reintroduced into the machine. Motion is communicated
to the revolving disks and p in the following manner (see Fig. 2)—u

page_text: and are toothed pinions, which are taken into and driven by the
toothed wheel de before referred to. The pinions and o' are fixed
upon sockets which turn upon the vertical studs u³ and v³, such studs
being secured to the adjustable radius bars and vº. 10 and 10 are
toothed wheels fixed upon the same sockets respectively as the pinions
7 and v7.
and are intermediate toothed wheels which turn
upon vertical studs secured to the radius bars u and 0°. The interme-
diate toothed wheels " and " transmit movement from the wheels 10
and respectively to the toothed wheels and 12, fixed respectively
upon the vertical axes and 3. The lower ends of the axes u¹³ and v¹³
turn in adjustable sockets secured to the adjustable brackets u¹ and v¹,
which are secured to the framing a. The upper ends of the axes u¹³
and turn in sockets u (see Fig. 18) secured to the brackets u* and o*,
and at the upper ends of the axes ¹³ and v¹³ are bevilled wheels u₁
and, which take into and drive the bevilled wheels 17 and 17 fixed
respectively upon the axes u³ and v². The bevilled wheels 15 and vis
are capable of sliding upon feathers on the axes u¹ and v¹³, and there
are rings us on the bosses of the wheels us and u¹ connected by pin-
joints and links to the hinged brackets carrying the bearings n³ and v³, and
by this means the bevilled wheels u and u¹, and old and v are kept in
gear when the disks u and rise and fall to accomodate themselves to.
the thickness of the slivers of fibrous materials. 2º, 2º, are "ploughs" or
wedge-form plates which assist in raising the fringe of fibrous materials
from the teeth of the comb e.
The "dabbing" brushes g and i herein-before referred to have a rapid
reciprocating movement imparted to them by means of the crank axes g¹
and, the cranks of which are balanced. I will describe the con-
struction and arrangement of the parts connected with the dabbing
brush, the parts connected with the dabbing brush being similar
to those connected with the dabbing brush g will not require further
description.
In order to avoid noise and shocks to the machine and to attain a
high velocity of movement with such dabbing brushes, according to
another part of my Invention, I arrange the parts connected with such.
dabbing brushes in the following manner:-9³ (see Figs. 6 and 7) is a
connecting rod connecting the crank axis g' with the quadrant g³. The
length of the connecting rod g² is adjustable by means of the nuts g*, g³,
C

page_text: and 9. The lower end of the connecting rod 92 is secured to the
strap 97 forming one-half of the joint surrounding the crank, and 9³
is a piece inserted in the strap 97 to form the other half of the said joint.
9' is a forked piece capable of movement on the connecting rod g². 920
is a spring upon the connecting rod g³, to which pressure can be applied
by the nuts g" and 9", and by means of the spring 9" and the forked
piece 9 the parts g" and g of the joint surrounding the crank are
pressed at all times upon the crank, and any noise or shock at the
reversal of the movement of the connecting rod prevented. For the
same purpose the upper end of the connecting rod g³ is provided with
a forked picce g¹. The forked piece or link g¹ is passed over the stud
to which the connecting rod g³ is jointed, and also over the connecting
rod g. 9 is a spring on the connecting rod 92, which spring can be
tightened by the aid of the nuts g¹³, g, and by the aid of the spring g
pressing against the forked link g the joint of the connecting rod with
the quadrant g³ is prevented from having any "play." In the Drawings
the dabbing brush 9 is shewn to be mounted upon a lever 9", but I
would have it understood that without departing from this part of my
Invention the brush 9 may be mounted on a bar or a bracket carried
by parallel links or upon an extension of the connecting rod g³, or it
may be mounted upon a sliding bar so long as movement in either case
is communicated to such dabbing brush by a connecting rod provided
with the apparatus herein-before described for tightening the joints of
such connecting rod and with the compensating spring movement to be
next described. The lever 9" oscillates upon a stud 918 secured to the
bracket. The quadrant 93 passes over the socket of the lever g" and
the lever g" can be adjusted to any suitable position by the aid of slots
in the quadrant g³, as shewn. In order to facilitate the rapid movement
of the dabbing brush g, and assist in the reversal of each movement
thereof, I employ the following contrivance :-g is a link connecting
by means of pin joints the quadrant with the link g. The link g
moves upon a stud 9" secured to the bracket f*. Also connected to the
link 9 is the rod 9" which is drawn downwards by the compensating
spring 9. Towards the end of the movement of the brush 9 in either
direction by the movement of the quadrant g³ and the links g¹ and 92,
the spring is compressed and acts to balance the movement of the
brush while at the centre of such movement the spring 7" has no
control over such movement.
19

page_text: I would here remark that the contrivances herein described for pre-
venting the shocks and noise and for counteracting the momentum of
dabbing brushes form one part of my Invention, and such contrivances
are applicable to dabbing brushes employed in other constructions of
combing machines than that herein described.
upon a
Motion is communicated to the crank axis g' in the following
manner: - is a toothed wheel fixed upon the axis b. The toothed
wheel takes into and drives the toothed wheel g² fixed
socket which turns on the stud 9, such stud 925 being secured to tho
adjustable stud plate 9. 27 is a toothed wheel fixed on the same socket
as the wheel g" and the toothed wheel 97 takes into and drives the
toothed wheel gas fixed on the crank axis g¹. The crank axis g³ revolves
in the bearings g secured to the framing a and table a¹.
Motion is communicated to the crank axis in the following manner:
-625 is a toothed wheel fixed upon the axis b, and the toothed wheel b
takes into and drives the intermediate toothed wheel which turns upon
an adjustable stud 23 secured to the framing of the machine. The
toothed wheel takes into and drives the toothed wheel fixed upon a
socket which turns upon a stud secured to the adjustable radius bar i.
is a toothed wheel fixed upon the same socket as the wheel and the
toothed wheel takes into and drives the toothed wheel 8 fixed upon
the crank axis ¹. The crank axis ¹ turns in the bearings secured to
the framing a and table a¹ of the machine.
In a machine constructed according to my Invention the bobbins c
upon which the fibrous material is wound can be placed in creels of any
of the ordinary constructions, but according to another part of my
Invention I provide guards or covers c² (see Figs. 19 and 20) formed of
thin metal or other suitable material within which the bobbins c aro
placed. are pressing plates or levers which swing upon the rods c*.
The levers or pressing plates c³ act to give sufficient tension to the
slivers of fibrous material as they are unwound from the bobbins c and
ensure regularity of feed, and for this purpose the levers c³ are weighted
with the weights c³, as shewn, and according to this part of my
Invention the levers cact under the bobbins c in place of above them
as has been heretofore practised. By this arrangement the bobbins c
may be placed in the creel c¹ without having to raise the weighted
pressing plates. c' are swinging catches which act to secure the axes of

page_text: the bobbins in their bearings in the creel c¹. y, y, are doors or guards
by means of which the mechanism below the table a¹ is enclosed.
Fig. 22 shews a plan of the operating parts of a combing machine
constructed according to my Invention wherein a revolving frictional
detaching nipper a is substituted for the drawing rollers k, k². The
feeding disks and dabbing brushes are omitted from the Drawing, these
parts being similar to those herein-before described; and in order to
avoid complication in the Drawing and prolixity in the description the
supporting and actuating parts are also omitted from the Drawing, as an
intelligent machinist, aided by the preceeding description and acquainted
with machinery of this nature, will readily supply the same. Those
parts in Fig. 22 which correspond with those herein-before-described are
marked with the same letters of reference.
The fringe of slivers of fibrous material after being drawn forward by
feeding instruments and deposited in the comb d is held by the nipperƒ,ƒ³,
and presented to the cleaning instruments h, and the fringe of fibrous
material is then deposited in the comb e, as herein-before described.
The fringe of fibrous material projecting beyond the comb e is then
taken between the frictional travelling nipper x and the stationary
nipper and drawn from the combs d and c. The nipper x is caused
to travel in the direction of the arrow at about the same speed as the
comb e. The further movement of the travelling nipper x then carries
the detached fringe of fibres and presents them to the cleaning instru-
ment, which can be of the form heretofore employed when combing a
detached fringe of fibres held by a travelling nipper. The further
movement of the travelling nipper a carries the cleaned fringe of fibres
and delivers them to the rotating transferring instrument a³, which may
be a circular comb; or such transferring instrument may be a frictional
nipper taking the fringe of fibres under the stationary nipper . The
movement of the transferring instrument a³ carries the fringe of fibres
and delivers them to the travelling comb a³, to the teeth of which the
fibres are transferred and deposited therein by the aid of a dabbing brush
at. When the. transferring instrument is a nipper the fringe of
fibres can be again operated upon by a cleaning instrument at x7. The
movement of the travelling comb a³ carries the fringe of fibres to the
drawing rollers at a³, by which the cleaned fibres will be drawn into a
sliver and delivered from the machine, as is well understood. The

page_text: nipper and the comb x are caused to travel in the direction of the
arrows at about the same speed as the nipper x. The construction and
operation of the nippers x and x³ of the cleaning instruments x and x"
and of the travelling comb x³, together with the manner in which a
fringe of fibres is transferred from one nipper to another and from such
nipper to the circular comb are well understood, and any more detailed
description thereof herein is not necessary to enable a machinist
acquainted with this description of machinery to understand and put
into practice this part of my Invention.
Fig. 23 shews a plan of a "slivering" apparatus constructed according
to my Invention in which a stationary plate is substituted for the rod n
before described. The Drawing shews only so much of the operating
parts as will enable me to explain this modification of a slivering
apparatus constructed according to my Invention, reference being had
to the foregoing description. The parts in Figure 23 which correspond
with those herein-before described are marked with the same letters of
reference.
The layer of fibrous materials drawn by the drawing rollers from the
combs & and e is carried by the movement of the leather under the
stationary plate z, which is placed close to the surface of the leather ³,
and the layer of fibres is collected and condensed at the edge of the
plate by the travelling endless belt no. The sliver is delivered from
under the endless belt n, and then passes through the funnel p and
rollers, as herein-before described. The endless belt n³ is formed of
leather or other material the surface of which will have a superior
frictional power to the leather ³, and when the fibrous material has a
tendency to adhere to the leather I press the endless belt n³ suffi-
ciently upon the leather to ensure the collection of the fibres. This
pressure can be applied by a weighted bar arranged to rest upon the
inner surface of the endless belt n³, so as to bear it down upon the
leather k7.
The parts of my Invention which are herein-before specified as
applicable to the machine described in the Specifications of Adolphe
Drevelle and of Charles Cowper, before referred to, and to other con-
structions of combing machines are not herein illustrated separately as
applied to such machines, as an intelligent machinist acquainted with

page_text: the construction and operation of such machinery, aided by the foregoing
description and Drawings, will readily apply my improvements-thereto.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and means whereby
the same may be carried into operation, I would remark that I make no
claim to any of the mechanical parts separately which have been herein-
before described. I would also remark that when constructing a
machine according to my Invention the general form of the machine,
the relative position of the parts thereof, and the general arrangement
and construction of the supporting and actuating parts of the machine
may be greatly varied without departing from the nature of my Inven-
tion so long as the substance of the various features of my Invention or
any of them be retained; what I claim is,-
Firstly. The arrangement and combination of the combs d and e,
substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described and shewn
in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The arrangement and combination of the combs d and e
with the nipper f, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before
described and shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The arrangement and combination of the drawing rollers k, k¹,
with the pressing rollers and 4, and the sheets 3 and 4, substantially
as and for the purposes hercin-before described and shewn in the
accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The combination of the rollers 10 and with the drawing
rollers, substantially as and for the purposes hercin-before described and
shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly. The arrangement and combination of the endless sheet n³ with
the rod n or plate for collecting a layer of fibrous materials drawn from
a comb, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described
and shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
Sixthly. Supporting the feeding disks and by hinged brackets u³
and v³, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described and
shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
"
"
Seventhly. The means herein-before described for preventing "play
in the connections and for balancing the momentum of " dabbing brush
motions in combing machines, substantially as and for the purposes
herein-before described and shewn in the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Eighthly. Arranging guards or covers c², within which the bobbins of
fibrous material are placed, and also arranging the pressing plates c³ to
act under such bobbins, as and for the purposes herein-before described
and shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
Ninthly. The general arrangement and combination of parts into a
combing machine, substantially as herein-before described in reference
to Figs. 1 to 21 and Fig. 23 of the accompanying Drawings.
Tenthly. The combination of the combs d and e and nipper fand their
attendant apparatus with a travelling detaching nipper x and cleaning
apparatus a, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described
in reference to Fig. 22 of the accompanying Drawings.
Eleventhly. The general arrangement and combination into a combing
machine of the combs,d and e, the nipper f, and their attendant appa-
ratus with the nippers x and x³, provided respectively with cleaning
instruments x and x, and with the comb x³, and drawing rollers 2³,
substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described in reference
to Fig. 22 of the accompanying Drawings.
Lastly. The combination of the cleaning apparatus herein-before
described in reference to Figs. 13.to 17 of the Drawings with the
machines described in the Specifications of Adolphe Drevelle and of
Charles Cowper herein-before referred to.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Tongue, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
WILLIAM TONGUE. (L.S.)