Improvements in Nut-locks.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Oct. 1892-Accepted, 17th Dec., 1892
Improvements in Nut-locks.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM SCHROEDER of Newtown near Sydney in the Colony
of New South Wales, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a nut-lock formed of two washers of peculiar construction.
It has been specially devised so that the nuts of bolts when screwed up may be
positively locked thereon and yet at the same time allow the nuts should they
become loosened by wear to be further tightened without interference with the lock.
These nut lock washers are comparatively cheap in first cost easily manipulated
interchangeable in use practically everlasting and do not necessitate the slightest
interference with the form or the bulk of the bolt or nut.
These improvements in nut lock washers consist of the combination and arrange-
ment together on a bolt under the nut of two washers of peculiar construction one
fixed by means of feathers or keys in nicks or feather-ways in the hole of the
structure or material through which the bolt is passed or fixed by taking over two
or more bolts and the other taking by means of bends or ribs or recesses over
two or more of the side-faces of the nut so as to turn with said nut. One of said
washers has one or more turn-ups or turn-downs and the other has ratchet teeth
into which the said turn-ups or turn-downs may take or gear to form the lock.
But in order that this invention may be clearly understood reference will now be
made to the drawing herewith.
Figure 1 is an elevation of a bolt with a nut lock constructed according to this
invention in which the washer with ratchets on its outer periphery is the fixed
washer having feathers on its inner periphery to take into notches in the material
or structure and the other or stop washer takes on or grasps the side faces of the
nut and
Figures 2 and 3 are plans of the stop washer and the ratchet washer
respectively.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of a modified construction of nut lock in which
the stop washer is the one fixed to the material and the ratchet washer grasps
the nut.
Figures 5 and 6 are plans of the ratchet washer and stop washer respectively.
Figures 7 and 8 are plan and elevation respectively of a further modified
construction in which the stop washer is fixed by taking over two bolts and which
is especially useful for fish joints of railways.
A is the bolt and B its nut while C is the ratchet washer and D the stop washer
thereon E being the material through which the bolt passes. The lock as shown
in Figures 1, 2, and 3, is made by fixing the washer C (having teeth C¹) to the
material E by chiselling or making notches or feather ways E' therein on the edge
of the hole in which the keys or feathers C2 will take and fit and so prevent said
washer from revolving. The washer D is made to fit or grasp the nut B by
having cuts D therein enabling the side pieces D' to be bent upwards against the
side faces of the nut as shown. Its stops are formed by means of peripheral cuts D³
enabling corner pieces D' to be easily bent downwards. Now the two washers
being put in place the nut B is screwed up on the bolt A. in its latter revolutions
carrying the stop washer D with it and when it is quite tight the corner pieces D'
are knocked or bent downwards so that one or both (or more if there be more than
two cuts D) take in or against teeth C¹ forming firm stops or locks against
backward revolution of the nut B. The nut B though may be further tightened if

page_text: it should become loose the corner pieces or stops D₁ springing from one tooth C
to another in the usual pawl and ratchet manner. In the lock as shown in
Figures 4, 5, and 6, A is again the bolt and B its nut E being the material to which
it is applied. In this case d is the stop washer and c the ratchet washer. The
washer has the feathers d to take into the notches E' of the material and it has
the straight leaves or wings which when turned or bent upwardly form the stops.
The ratchet washer c has teeth c and it has ribs or risers c² forming a recess
for the nut B and thus grasping or holding its side faces and compelling the washer
to turn with it. The nut B being tightened the straights or wings d² are bent
upwards into the teeth c¹ and form stops or pawls therein preventing back revolution
of the nut but allowing of further tightening. In the lock as shown in Figures 7
and 8 the ratchet washer c with teeth c is constructed in a similar manner to the
stop washer D described in reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, that is it is cut or
slit and the outer parts bent upwards to form the hold or grasp for the nut.
The
stop washer e is sufficiently long to take over two bolts A and thus dispenses with
the necessity for feathers on the washer as it is thereby prevented from revolving.
It has one straight or wing e¹ for either nut and this in use is bent upwardly and
forms the stop or pawl in the teeth c¹ similarly as described with reference to
Figures 4, 5, and 6.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
First. The improved nut-lock constructed of two washers one revolving with
the nut and the other fixed to the structure and one of which has a toothed or
ratchet periphery and the other a wing or stop adapted to take or bend into the
teeth of said ratchet substantially as herein described and explained.
Second. In a nut lock of the class set forth the combination and arrangement
with a stop washer having feathers or keys to take into notches or slits in the bolt
hole and having stop pieces or wings of a ratchet washer having bends or ribs or
recesses adapted to hold or grasp two or more side faces of the nut substantially
. as herein described and explained.
Third. In a nut lock of the class set forth the combination and arrangement with
a ratchet washer having feathers or keys to take into notches or slits in the bolt
hole of a stop washer having stop picces or wings and having bends or ribs or
recesses adapted to hold or grasp two or more side faces of the nut substantially
as herein described and explained.
Fourth. In a nut lock of the class set forth the combination and arrangement
with ratchet washers having bends or ribs or recesses adapted to hold or grasp two
or more side faces of the nut of a stop washer adapted to take over two or more
bolts and having straights or wings adapted to be bent up and form stops in the
ratchet substantially as herein described and explained.
Fifth. In a nut lock of the class set forth the combination and arrangement with
the bolt A passing through the material E having notches or feather ways E' and
the nut B of ratchet washer C having teeth and keys or feathers C² and stop
washer D having cuts D' and bent up pieces D' and cuts or slits D³ and corner
pieces D substantially as herein described and explained and as illustrated in
Figures 1, 2, and 3, of the drawings.
Sixth. In a nut lock of the class set forth the combination and arrangement
with the bolt A passing through the material E having notches or feather ways El
and the nut B of stop washer d having keys or feathers d' and straights or wings d
and ratchet washer c having teeth c¹ and ribs or risers c² substantially as herein
described and explained and as illustrated in Figures 4, 5, and 6, of the
drawings.
Seventh. In a nut lock of the class set forth the combination and arrangement
with two bolts A passing through a fish plate or other material and the nuts B of

page_text: stop washere having straights or wings e¹ and a ratchet washer c for each bolt
having teeth e and bent up pieces substantially as herein described and explained
and as illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 of the drawings.
Dated this Third day of September One thousand eight hundred and ninety-
two.
Witness:
FRED WALSH,
Fel. Aust. Inst. P.A.
FREDERICK WILLIAM SCHROEDER.
Bottomley & Liddle,
154, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agents.