Improvements in Synchronizing a Series of Electric Motors.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Nov., 1888-Accepted, 27th July, 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Synchronizing a Series of Electric Motors.
I. FRANCIS JARVIS PATTEN, temporarily residing at Hotel Vendome 41st. Street
and Broadway, in the City, County and State of New York, one of the United
States of America, Lieutenant United States Army, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to a mode of and apparatus for synchronizing Electric
Motors" and especially those which are used for driving the distributing apparatus at
different stations for the purposes of and in connection with the system of multiplex
telegraphy, such, for instance as is comprised in my application bearing even date
herewith.
In order that my invention may be fully understood I will now describe the
synchronizing system referring to
Figure 1, which is a diagrammatic view illustrating electric motors at distant
stations marked respectively, X, Y and Z, each actuated by local or other sources of
electrical energy, and controlled by a common line circuit, and to
Figure 1, which shows the structure I prefer for the armature of the controlled
motors.
It is the purpose of my invention to cause two or more electric motors of any
size and power and located at different distant points to revolve in unison or at a
common rate of speed for all, also to follow any change of speed to which a
governing or controlling machine may be subject and therefore produce the uniform
motion of all at either a constant or a variable speed.
In the system here described the motors are all independent of each other, being
each supplied by a separate local source of energy.
The stations, X, Y and Z, are connected by the main line circuit, M, L, which at
station, X, is connected to the middle point of the split line battery, L B, whence it
passes to all the distant stations where the other motors are to be controlled and
returns to the armature of the polarized relay or vibrator at, X. One of the motors,
that shown in Figure 1, at station, X, is designated as the governing motor and all
the others are caused to revolve in unison with it and this machine is organized
differently from the others all of which are alike, one of them being shown in detail at
station, Z; and in Figure 1º, the station, Y, representing any other intermediate
station. It is therefore sufficient to explain the system to show the governing
machine and one of the governed motors with connecting circuits. The governing
motor at, X, and its connection with the circuit will be first explained.
At station, X, is an ordinary direct current electric motor of simple form. It has
two field magnets, N¹, S', the coils, K', K', of which are energized by the independent
source of energy, F, B'. This machine is provided with an ordinary shuttle wound
Siemens armature, a', a', the coils of which, w¹, w³, are connected to an ordinary
two part reversing commutator, c¹, c', upon which the two brushes, d+, and, d—, bear
constantly. These brushes are connected in the circuit of an ordinary source of
energy, M, B', designated as the notor battery the function of which is to energize
the armature and cause it to revolve. It is evident however, that in the governing
machine at, X, both field and armature may be included in the same circuit.
The armature, a', a', differs somewhat from an ordinary closed coil armature for
besides the ordinary direct current commutator it has also two insulated ring
contacts, upon which the two rubbers, t, t, bear and the armature coil is split
in the middle and connected one terminal to each of the ring contacts, The
armature coil would thus be an open one and no current would flow through it.

page_text: These rubbers, t¹, t, are connected by a closed external circuit, s¹, s¹, which includes
between its terminals, t, t, the coils of the polarized relay, P, provided with the
ordinary vibrating armature, vl, and double contact stops, d', e'. This external loop
or single fixed coil of the revolving armature, a', a', constitutes an essential feature
of my system and the device itself which I style an electro motor device, rests upon
this feature of an external fixed loop or coil which is so constructed as to form a part
of the revolving armature circuit which thus remains permanently closed.
As the armature revolves under the influence of the direct current from the source
of energy, M B¹, the armature circuit, a¹, a¹, is traversed by rapidly alternating
currents through the reversing action of the commutator, c, c', which changes the
direction of the current in the armature at each half revolution thereof." The
alternations of current in the armature, a', a', and in the external fixed loop, s', s, are
therefore in unison with the half revolution of the armature, a¹, a', of the governing
motor at, X. The polarized relay, P¹, is therefore traversed by rapidly alternating
currents and its arinature, v, is kept in constant vibration by the revolving arma-
ture, a', a¹, making contact alternately at, d³, and, e', and each vibration must corre-
spond to a half revolution of the governing motor.
The fixed extremity of the armature, ₁, is connected to the main line circuit, ML,
and returns to the split line battery, L B, the poles of which are connected to the
two stop contacts, de. At each one of the several distant stations, Y, and, Z, the
main line circuit includes the coils of a polarized relay or other vibrator, P³, P³, &c.,
similar to the one at station, X. From the connection of the main line circuit, MI,
to the line battery, L B, it results therefore that alternate impulses of current will be
sont over the main line, M I, at each vibration of the armature of the polarized
relay at the station and these pulsations of current sent alternately through the stop
contacts, d¹, and, e, from the opposed halves of the split battery, LB, will maintain
all the armatures, v2, v3, of polarized relays in the main line circuit in vibration and
they will all necessarily vibrate in unison with the armature, v², at, X, and the half
revolutions of the motor armature at that station. All the armatures of the different
polarized relays will therefore beat the half revolutions of the governing direct current
electric motor at the initial station, X.
At the stations, Y, Z, &c., are placed electric motors of a different type one of
which shown at, Z, will suffice for a description of all. This motor designated as a
driven or governed machine has no direct current commutator, its armature is a
single closed coil circuit having no external loop, its terminals are connected to two
ordinary insulated rings,,, after the manner of an ordinary alternating current
armature and against these rings two brushes, 5, 8, are held in contact, which are
connected to the poles of the battery, M B³, or other source of continuous direct
current. I prefer to make the armatures of the governed motors after the manner
shown in Figure 1*, that is to say, each armature is provided with a four pole or
double armature. The two sets of poles being set at right angles to each other and
polarized as shown in Figure 1º.
The armature of the governed motor therefore receives constantly a current of one
direction and has no reversing commutator.
The field coils, K³, K³, of the governed motor which energize the field magnets
are included in an alternating current circuit as follows: One terminal of the field
coils is connected to the middle of the split battery, F B³, whence it coils around the
field cores, N³, and, S3, and has its other terminal connected to the fixed extremity of
the armature, 3, of the polarized relay at, Z; the two contact points, d³, and, e³, of
which are connected to the opposite terminals of the split field battery, F B³. From
this system of local connections it results that at each vibration of the armature, v³,
of the polarized relay, P³, at, Z, the field coils of the motor at that station will have
their polarity reversed and as the armature circuit, a³, a³, is traversed by a constant
current of one direction it must of necessity make exactly one half of a revolution at
each reversal of polarity of the field magnets, but these reversals follow the alternating
contacts of the armature, v³, as it vibrates back and forth and touching alternately

page_text: at, d³, and, e³, reverses the current in the field coils of the motor at, Z, but inasmuch
as the vibrating armature, , moves in perfect unison with the vibrating armature. v,
at station, X, it follows that since the latter moves once in response to each half
revolution of the motor at, X, that the motor at the distant station, Z, revolving in
unison with the vibrator at that point must move in perfect unison with the governing
motor at the station, X. The half revolutions of all the governed machines are
therefore controlled by the successive half revolutions of the governing motor
whether they be slow or fast and regular or irregular all the machines will
therefore revolve in unison at either a constant or variable rate of speed of one
of them.
It is evident the main line circuit, M L, may be either a complete metallic circuit
as shown, or it may be put to earth at, E', and, E³, and the polarized relays, P¹, P³, &c.,
may be replaced by any form of vibrator and the different source of energy may be
either dynamos or batteries, as shown.
While I have described and illustrated the use of reversed currents on the line and
the production of said reversed currents by one of the motors of the system I desire to
have it understood that my invention is not restricted to so specific an application, as
any change of current either by interruption, reversal or change of strength which
will produce simultaneously at the several stations the movement of a pole changing
device which will reverse the current in one of the independent circuits of the motor
at said station would be within the scope of iny invention. I have shown one of the
motors as setting the pace of the others, but I desire to have it understood that all of
the motors may be governed or controlled motors, it only being necessary that there
shall be a circuit connecting the stations at which the motors are located and that a
current or currents thrown upon said circuit shall operate current reversing devices
at the stations. In such a case, that is, where all of the motors are controlled
motors, the ono shown at station, X, would be similar in structure and circuit
arrangements to the one shown at, Z. The periodicity of the waves thrown upon the
line circuit should always be of such character that the rotating part of the several
motors may have sufficient time to be fully influenced by the change of magnetism
due to such waves.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :
1st. The method of causing and preserving synchronous motion of the moving parts
of electric motors having independent field magnets and armatures, which consists in
providing one of the elements of each motor with a constant magnetic polarity,
including the other elements in independent local circuits, and in causing simultaneous
reversals of current in said circuits.
2nd. The method of producing and preserving synchronous notion of the moving
parts of electric motors which consists in exciting the field magnets and armatures of
the motors by separate circuits, maintaining a constant polarity in one set of like
elements of all the motors and causing simultaneous reversals in the polarity of the
other set of like elements of all the motors by producing suitable changes in a common
controlling circuit.
3rd. A synchronizing system for electric motors comprising a series of motors at
different stations, one of said motors being a controlling motor, the others being
controlled motors having independent field magnet and armature circuits, a line
circuit connected with several stations, a circuit reverser operated by the controlling
motor for reversing the current in one of the independent circuits of each of the
controlled motors, and a source of direct current for exciting the other independent
circuits of the controlled motors.
4th. A synchronizing system for electric motors comprising a series of motors at
different stations, one controlling the others, through the instrumentality of a main
line connecting the different stations, independent field circuits and armature circuits

page_text: in the controlled motors, a source of direct current in one of said independent circuits.
an independent source of current for the connecting line circuit, and a pole changer,
the reversals of current caused by the pole changer operating to reverse the current
in the other independent circuits of the controlled motors.
Dated this 19th dos
1000
FRANCIS JARVIS PATTEN.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Multiplex Telegraphy.
I. FRANCIS JARVIS PATTEN, temporarily residing at Hotel Vendome 41st. Street
and Broadway, in the City County and State of New York, one of the United States
of America, Lieutenant United States Army, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to Telegraphy, and particularly to that class of telegraphic
systems known as multiplex, in which a number of messages may be simultaneously
transmitted on the same line wire. In the systems of this character now known to the
Public, some as the duplex and quadruplex systems are operated by the use of different
strengths and polarities of current, and others contain at different stations rotating
distributing apparatus technically called "Sunflowers" kept in synchronous rotation
by electrically controlled step by step devices, which give each of a series of local
stations the use of a line current for a portion of each increment of time during which
the apparatus is in use.
My invention belongs generically to the latter class of systems and embodies a new
mode of synchronizing the electric motors which drive the distributing apparatus at
different stations so as to preserve perfect unison between rotating trailers or other
devices adapted to distribute current to local stations successively connected into
signaling relation to each other.
My invention also embodies means of utilizing the synchronous movement effected
by the motors to render the multiplex telegraph reliable and to enable a large number
of messages to be sent by a large number of different operators using their transmitting
instruments at the same time.
The method and system of synchronism are not specifically claimed herein, but are
so claimed in my application for patent of even date, numbereil 16,681^, the present
case being similar in its claims to a telegraph system operated by the system of
synchronism described.
The electrical systems, hereinafter to be described, are all controlled by the same
fundamental synchronizing method, the different systems themselves having parts in
common and being merely an iliustration of the various means that may be employed
with a view to effecting the ends above enumerated.
In some cases 1 transmit the current which is to make the signals over the same
line wire which carries the synchronizing current, using for the signaling current a
current of different tension or strength from the synchronizing current, which by
reason of its different character is adapted to actuate suitable receiving apparatus
which will not be affected by the synchronizing current. In other cases I carry the
synchronizing current and the signaling current over different line wires connecting
the stations.
In order that my invention may be fully understood I will first describe the
synchronizing system referring to-
Figure 1, which is a diagrammatic_view illustrating electric motors at distant
stations marked respectively, X, Y and Z, each actuated by local or other sources of
electrical energy, and controlled by a common line circuit; and to-
Figure 1, which shows the structure I prefer for the armature of the controlled
motors.
It is the purpose of my invention to cause two or more electric motors of any size
and power and located at different distant points to revolve in unison or aba common
rate of speed for all, also to follow any change of speed to which a governing or
controlling machine may be subject, and therefore produce the uniform motion of all
at either a constant or a variable speed.

page_text: In the system here described the motors are all independent of each other, being
each supplied by a separate local source of energy.
The stations, X, Y and Z, are connected by the main line circuit, M, L, which at
station, X, is connected to the middle point of the split line battery, L B, whence it
passes to all the distant stations where the other motors are to be controlled and returns:
to the armature of the polarized relay or vibrator at, X. One of the motors, that
shown in Figure 1, at station, X, is designated as the governing motor and all the
others are caused to revolve in unison with it and this machine is organized differently
from the others all of which are alike, one of them being shown in detail at station, Z;
and in Figure 1ª, the station, Y, representing any other intermediate station. It is
therefore sufficient to explain the system to show the governing machine and one of
the governed motors with connecting circuits. The governing motor at, X, and its
connection with the circuit will be first explained.
At station, X, is an ordinary direct current electric motor of simple form. It has
two field magnets, N1, S1, the coils, k³, k¹, of which are energized by the independent
source of energy, F, B₁. This machine is provided with an ordinary shuttle wound
Siemens armature, a¹, a¹, the coils of which, w¹, w³, are connected to an ordinary two
part reversing commutator, c¹, c', upon which the two brushes, d+, and, d-, beur
constantly. These brushes are connected in the circuit of an ordinary source of
energy, M, B¹, designated as the motor battery the function of which is to energize
the armature and cause it to revolve. It is evident however, that in the governing
machine at, ✗, both field and armature may be included in the same circuit.
The armature, a', a', differs somewhat from an ordinary closed coil armature
for besides the ordinary direct current commutator it has also two insulated ring
contacts upon which the two rubbers, t¹, t, bear and the armaturo coil is split in the
middle and connected one terminal to each of the ring contacts, 71, 71. The armature
coil would thus be an open one and no current would flow through it. These
rubbers,,, are connected by a closed external circuit, S¹, S¹, which includes
between its terminals, t¹, t, the coils of the polarized relay, P¹, provided with the
ordinary vibrating armature, v³, and double contact stops, d', e¹. This external loop
or single fixed coil of the revolving armature, a¹, a², constitutes an essential feature of
my system and the device itself which 1 style an electro motor device, rests upon this
feature of an external fixed loop or coil which is so constructed as to form a part of
the revolving armature circuit which thus remains permanently closed.
As the armature revolves under the influence of the direct current from the source
of energy, M B¹, the armature circuit, a¹, a¹, is traversed by rapidly alternating
currents through the reversing action of the commutator, c, c¹, which changes the
direction of the current in the armature at each half revolution thereof. The
alternations of current in the armature, a¹, a¹, and in the external fixed loop, s¹, s²,
are therefore in unison with the half revolution of the armature, a¹, a', of the governing
motor at, X. The polarized relay, P₁, is therefore traversed by rapidly alternating
currents and its armature, vl, is kept in constant vibration by the revolving
armature, a, a, making contact alternately at, d', and, e¹, and each vibration must
correspond to a half revolution of the governing motor.
The fixed extremity of the armature, v', is connected to the main line circuit, M L,
and returns to the split line battery, LB, the poles of which are connected to the two
stop contacts, d, e¹. At each one of the several distant stations, Y, and, Z, the main
line circuit includes the coils of a polarized relay or other vibrator, p, p³, &c., similar
to the one at station, X. From the connection of the main line circuit, M I, to the
line battery, LB, it results therefore that alternate impulses of current will be sent
over the main line, M L, at each vibration of the armature of the polarized relay at
the station and these pulsations of current sent alternately through the stop contacts, d',
and, e, from the opposed halves of the split battery, L B, will maintain all the
armatures, v³, v³, of polarized relays in the main line circuit in vibration and they will
all necessarily vibrate in unison with the armature, v', at, X, and the half revolutions
of the motor armature at that station. All the armatures of the different polarized

page_text: relays will therefore beat the half revolutions of the governing direct current electric
motor at the initial station, ✗.
At the stations. Y, Z, &c., are placed electric motors of a different type one of
which shown at, Z, will suffice for a description of all. This motor designated as a
driven or governed machine has no direct current commutator, its armature is a
single closed coil circuit having no external loop, its terminals are connected to two
ordinary insulated rings, ³, 3, after the manner of an ordinary alternating current
armature and against these rings two brushes, ts, t³, are held in contact, which are
connected to the poles of the battery, M B³, or other source of continuous direct
current. I prefer to make the armatures of the governed motors after the manner
shown in Figure 1, that is to say, each armature is provided with a four pole or
double armature. The two sets of poles being set at right angles to each other and
polarized as shown in Figure 1ª.
The arinature of the governed motor therefore receives constantly a current of one
direction and has no reversing commutator.
The field coils, K³, K³, of the governed motor which energize the field magnets are
included in an alternating current circuit as follows: One terminal of the field coils
is connected to the middle of the split battery, F B³, whence it coils around the field
cores, N³, and. S³, and has its other terminal connected to the fixed extremity of the
armature, 3, of the polarized relay at, Z; the two contact points, d³, and e³, of which
are connected to the opposite terminals of the split field battery, F B³. From this
system of local connections it results that at each vibration of the armature, v³, of the
polarized relay, P³, at, Z, the field coils of the motor at that station will have their
polarity reversed and as the armature circuit, a³, a³, is traversed by a constant current
of one direction it must of necessity make exactly one half of a revolution at each
reversal of polarity of the field magnets, but these reversals follow the alternating
contacts of the armature, 3, as it vibrates back and forth and touching alternately
at, d, and, e, reverses the current in the field coils of the motor at, Z, but inasmuch
as the vibrating armature, v, moves in perfect unison with the vibrating armature, vi,
at station, X, it foilows that since the latter moves once in response to each half
revolution of the motor at, X, that the motor at the distant station, Z, revolving in
unison with the vibrator at that point must move in perfect unison with the governing
motor at the station, X. The half revolutions of all the governed machines are
therefore controlled by the successive half revolutions of the governing motor whether
they be slow or fast and regular or irregular all the machines will therefore revolve
in unison at either a constant or variable rate of speed of one of them.
It is evident the main line circuit, ML, may be either a complete metallic circuit
as shown, or it may be put to earth at, E', and, E, and the polarized relays, P¹, P³,
&c., may be replaced by any form of vibrator and the different source of energy may
be either dynamos or batteries, as shown.
While I have described and illustrated the use of reversed currents on the
line and the production of said reversed currents by one of the motors of the
system I desire to have it understood that my invention is not restricted to so
specific an application as any change of current either by interruption, reversal or
change of strength which will produce simultaneously at the several stations the
movement of a pole changing device which will reverse the current in one of the
independent circuits of the motor at said station would be within the scope of my
invention. I have shown one of the motors as setting the pace of the others, but I
desire to have it understood that all of the motors may be governed or controlled
motors, it only being necessary that there shall be a circuit connecting the stations at
which the motors are located and that a current or currents thrown upon said circuit
shall operate current reversing devices at the stations. In such a case, that is, where
all of the motors are controlled motors, the one shown at station, X, would be similar
in structure and circuit arrangements to the one shown at, Z. The periodicity of the
waves thrown upon the line circuit should always be of such character that the
rotating part of the several motors may have sufficient time to be fully influenced by
the change of magnetism due to such waves.

page_text: In order to adapt the method and system of establishing synchronism. above
described to the uses of multiplex telegraphy I attach to directly or by the instru-
mentality of gearing, belts or otherwise a revolving current distributor which sweeps
over a series of contact segments.
In Figures 2, and, 2, are shown diagrammatically the synchronizing system for
the motors and' the circuit connections of the distributors of two-stations and said
figures illustrate one mode of applying the synchronizing system to multiplex
telegraphy and also one form of distributor.
Although I have shown but one local circuit at each station in the above figures it
will of course be understood that as many local circuits as may be desired can be
connected at any station within the compass of the distributor.
The synchronizing apparatus having been fully described will need therefore, no
further description here, oxcept that the governing motor for its armature and field
magnet are shown in series relation.
As shown, Figure 2, represents the apparatus in condition for sending, and
Figure 2, the apparatus in condition for receiving.
The two station equipments are nearly identical in arrangement, differing only in
the connections of the synchronizing apparatus.
At each station, the spindles of the motors either carry or are geared to an
auxiliary spindle which carries a revolving trailing brush thus caused to sweep over a
table of circular contacts or segments, d+, d-, and in both machines the gearing
between the armature spindle and the trailer is such that the trailor shall have a rate
of speed suitable for a synchronous multiplex system of telegraphy. A single segment
or any convenient portion of the entire circumference of the disc may be made to
correspond to a single transmitted impulse of positive or negative current over the
line from the local battery, L' B. Wo may therefore designate the segments +
and in opposite halves of the ring and it follows that a corresponding positive or
negative current will be transmitted over the main line and through all the apparatus
at each passage of the trailing brushes over that portion of the table of contacts
according to which one of the two contacts stops, s¹, or, s³, is in bearing with the
tongue, t¹.
-
The systems of circuits and connections for telegraphic transmission is as follows:
The segmental distributor, d+ d+ d-d-, is divided into a number if separate
insulated segments equal to the number of branch circuits it is desired to connect
to a single main line, or some multiple thereof.
The distributor as shown has twelve branches, the necessary circuits for sending
and receiving being drawn in detail for one of them only, the rest being simply a
repetition of the one shown in detail.
The local branches are connected to the distributor segments as shown at, 1. 2, 3,
&c., to 12. Each branch leaving the segment goos to a switch center W₁, W, &c.,
where an ordinary switch connects the branch to a sending or to a receiving wire as
desired. The circuits complete are shown for the branch or "leg" No. 2, at each
station.
In the following description it will be supposed that the trailing brushes,. T",
and, 1; at the two stations are revolving synchronously in the direction indicated by
the curved arrows and that they are therefore at any instant of time in contact with
corresponding segments, and therefore connecting for the time being, the circuits
radiating from segments No. 2, at each station with each other, through the main
wire, the transmitting and receiving apparatus for the particular local branch and
the earth return, Rt, and, R.
Station, X, is represented as sending, and station, Y, as receiving over the line
and connections of branch No. 2; the switch, W1, in Figure 2, being turned to, S¹,
through which the transmitting apparatus is connected in circuit and the corresponding
switch, W, in Figure 2, being turned to, R2, through which the receiving apparatus
is put in circuit with the main line. The sending apparatus at, X, Figure 2, consists,
first, of the direct wire, 14, 14, which makes connection through the key, K',
switch, V', and, Ys', direct with the earth at, E'. The synchronizing current hus

page_text: a low resistance path through these connections and key, K', when the latter is on
its back contact and through the shunt, 15, 15, which is placed in parallel with, 14,
and made the path for both the synchronizing and transmitting currents when the
key is depressed and the circuit, 16, 16, closed is through the front contact, m¹, and
battery, N¹.
I', is a generator of high tension current shown in the drawings, as an ordinary
induction coil, its low resistance coil here made the primary, is connected in the
circuits, 16, 16, including the battery, N₁, the circuit being completed through the
vibrator, v, and back contact, y', thereof. Whenever the key, K³, is depressed, a
pulsutory current is sent through the primary of the induction coil by the make
and break action of the vibrator, v³, acted upon by the core, z', of the induction coil.
The inductive action thus brought about sets up pulsatory currents of high, E, M, F,
in the secondary, p, p, of the induction coil and this circuit, it will be observed, is
always closed through the line connections when the station contact is made whenever
the key, K, is depressed, the low resistance circuit through the back contact and, 14,
to earth being first broken.
As long as the key, K¹, is depressed, therefore a series of rapid vibratory impulses
of high, E, M, F, is transmitted over the line; as long as the trailer is given a speed
of 15 revolutions or contacts with the branch- No. 2, per second, these series of
vibratory impulses will he repeated in such rapid succession, that the break in any
sound thus produced, could not be detected by the ear, and as long as the key
reinains depressed, a buzzing sound. would be produced, by these impulses in a
telephone receiver.
The receiving apparatus connected in circuit at station; Y, is shown as an
ordinary telephone, T R², at station, Y, and, T, R, at station; X, though any
instrument that would respond to high tension currents might be used.
Whenever a key in any local branch is depressed a continuous "buzz" is heard in
the telephone receiver which may be broken into Morse signals by the usual manipu-
lations of the seneling key.
The sounders, D¹, and, D2, at the two stations are used for calling the sending
operator or breaking." The pulsatory currents, transmitted by the induction coil,
when either key is depressed, are so rapid and of such high, E, M, F, that the
sounder or the relay used to actuate the sounder, will not respond, it will be observed
however, that at each successive contact of the trailer with a local station seginent,
a momentary synchronizing current is sent to the line from the battery, L₁ B',
Figure 2, and the relay will respond to these currents, and when switched into the
low resistance circuit, as shown at, D2, Figure 2ª, this relay or sounder will attract
its armature with each successive contact of the trailer and segment and will
"chatter" as the synchronizing current passes in rapid pulsations over the line, and
may thus be used to call the attention of the operator. For if the switch, V, at, X,
be momentarily removed from contact, 60, and the operator at, Y, have his switch, W³,
on the sending contact, S³, the relay or sounder, D³, will cease vibrating and thus
attract the attention of the operator at station, Y.
:
It is evident from an examination of the system that it consists in the use of a
comparatively low tension battery current sent alternatoly from opposito poles of the
battery, as a synchronizing current which is constantly maintained, the line being
charged first, with a series of plus waves of current and then discharged by a corre-
sponding succession of minus waves.
The manipulation of any key in the system operates to superpose upon the existing
waves of a synchronizing current a rapid pulsatory current, of high, E, M, F, which
will traverse the wire independently of the synchronizing current and without
interfering with it, the effect of the latter being simply to produce a buzzing sound
in the telephone receiver as the diaphragm is alternately attracted and released by the
rapid make and break of the pulsatory current sent from the secondary of the induc-
tion coil to line.
Each distributor is provided with connections by which any desired local stations
may be connected, that is to say,.the connection wires. for any pair-of-locals may-be

page_text: electrically attached to corresponding segments of the distributors. This may be done
in any ordinary plug and flexible connection to connect with a segment, the plug being
inserted in a holder as shown at, j, Figure 2.
In Figure 2, is shown a rheostat at, Rh, which is inserted between the main line
and the branch to earth in order to balance the line with respect to the branch placed
to earth at, Y, so that this path to earth may be made equal to that at any other
point along the main line where another distributor might be inserted.
It is evident that with a single wire main line circuit as shown, the pulsatory
currents must traverse all the resistance in the circuit including that portion of the
battery, L'B', at the time furnishing the synchronizing current. To avoid this a
condenser, C, Figure 2, is placed in a shunt around both halves of this battery. The
pulsatory currents will readily traverse this resistance while the synchronizing current
will take the path through the battery.
In a system such as I have described the synchronizing apparatus is entirely
independent of the signaling system. The trailing brush is driven by or geared to
the moving part of the motor so as to give each operator the use of the line practically
all of the time, and it is only necessary to secure certainty of action that a vibrator
for the induction coil be used having a proper rate of vibration to insure the signaling
current passing to line when the brush bears on any particular segment.
In Figures 3, 3ª and 3b, I have shown another mode of applying the synchronizing
system to a single line system of telegraphy, said figures illustrating diagram-
matically the apparatus and circuit arrangements. I have also shown in these figures
a modified form of distributor to suit the altered condition of circuits, the synchiro-
nizing system or apparatus being exactly like that hereinbefore described.
The transmitting and receiving stations are indicated respectively by, X and Y,
Figures 3 and 3, while Figure 3b, shows the connections at one station a dynamo
being substituted for the induction coil.
At each station is a current distributor driven by or geared to the station motor.
This distributor consists of trailer, Tr², Tr³, driven by the armature of the motor and
kept sweeping over a table of contact segments. These segments are shown alternately
shaded and light in the drawing, and are insulated from each other. Besides the outer
ring of segments there is a series of inner insulated segments, 1º, 2º, 3º, concentric
with the light segments, 1ª, 2, 3, &c. The distributor shown in the drawings is
arranged for a sextuplex system, the capacity of the system can be increased by unking
a large number of light segments. The shaded segments are electrically connected
with a common conductor, which is connected by a wire, 1, with an earth plate, El.
The station segments, 1º, 2º, &c., have each a connection with a separate local branch
or station through a switch, W. The segments, 1º, 2º, &c., have each a connection
with the middle point of a split battery, Bt, the opposite polos of which are connected
with the contacts, u¹³, of a reversing key, K¹, connected with the inducing circuit
of an induction generator, 1', and the other terminal of the inducing circuit is connected
through a switch, wy, with a brush, s', bearing on the hub of the trailer, Tr¹.
The switch, W', is provided with three contacts, one, Rc', for receiving; one, Sd',
for sending, and one, Sy', on which the switch normally rests, for synchronizing.
The receiving contact is connected with the earth plate, E¹, through the coils of a
polarized relay, Rr³, or other instrument adapted to respond to high tension current.
The sending contact is connected with one terminal of the induced circuit of the signaling
induction generator, the other terminal of which is connected with earth plate, E
through the coils of polarized relay, Rr¹. The synchronizing contact is connected
directly with the earth plate, E'. "When any local branch is not in use, that is to
say, is not sending or receiving a message, the switch is allowed to remain on the
synchronizing contact, Sy². The distributor connections at the several local stations
are identical, except that at the station, ✗, no rheostat, Rh, is required, this being
the generating station for the synchronizing current, so that the description above
given with reference to station, X, will apply equally well to station, Y, and any
other stations of the system. The two parts of the trailer, Tr³, Tr³, may be insulated
from each other or not, as desired; I prefer to insulate them as they have different

page_text: functions. Brush, Tr¹, co-operates with the inner series of seginents, 1º, 2º, 3º, &c.,
and brush, Tr³, co-operates with the outer series, 1*, 2*, &c. Only, one local branch
circuit is shown at each station, X, and, Y. It will of course he understood that as
many branches may be connected to the segments, 1ª, 2", &c., of the distributor as
may be desired. If the local branches radiate from a central point several or all will
be used. If only one branch is desired as in a way station only one segment will be
used for that station.
The operation of my system will now be understood. In the drawings the apparatus
is in a condition for an operator at, X, to send to an operator at, Y. The motor, M',
is in continuous operation under the influence of current from battery, M B¹.
The
reversals of current in the armature loop, Ll, keeps tongue, t¹, of relay, P¹, in
vibration. In the position of the tongue shown at, X, a current passes from the left
wing of battery, L₁ B', over circuit, m³, contact, e¹, tongue, t, line, ML, rheostat, Rh,
brush,, at station Y, into the distributor at, Y. At the distributor there are two
paths to earth at, Y, in the condition now being described, one when it rests on the
station segment, 1", by way of, tr³, Re², polarised relay, Rr, and earth plates, and the
other when it passes to the shaded segments, 16, 2b, &c., by way of ring, 1, and
wire,, to earth plate. From the earth plate the current returns to station, X, and by
way of plate, E', wire, G', relay, Rr', wire, l', high resistance coil, p¹. switch, W,
segment, 1, trailer, Tr³, brush, Z, and connecting wire to opposite pole of left wing
of battery, LB. The synchronizing current is thus provided with a complete
circuit at all times. When the switches, w¹, w² rest on their normal contacts, Sy¹, Sy³,
there is always a low resistance path irrespective of the position of the trailer for the
light segments have then each a direct connection with earth. When the trailers, Tr², Tr³,
pass to segments, 2°, the synchronizing current will be grounded through the branch
corresponding to that segment. In order to prevent the receiving relay, Rr³, at any
station from operating the local sounder under the influence of the synchronizing.
current the local stop, d, is put on the side away from the direction in which the
synchronizing current would pull it; for it will be remembered that as the synchro-
nizing current is reversed only at the half revolutions of the armature, the portion
which passes through the relay, Rr², will always be of the same polarity, provided
the distributor is an integral multiple of the revolutions of the armature.
rarely happens however, that all of the operators on the line are simultaneously
operating, a low resistance earth wire will usually exist through contact, sy³.
Morcover the only work required of the synchronizing current is to vibrate the relay
armatures, 1, 3, once for each half revolution of the armature, the armature
remaining where driven by the last impulse until a reversal of synchronizing
current occurs; and as there are several shaded segments brought under the trailer
in each half revolution of the armature the synchronizing apparatus cannot fail.
It is only necessary to insure accuracy of signaling that the signaling current shall
be of a character which will not disturb relays. P1, P2, and will yet operate
relays, Rr¹, R. I accomplish this end by winding relays, P1, P2, with coarse wire,
and relays, Rr, Rr³, with fine wire and using higher tension currents for signaling.
Such currents may flow through the coarse wire relays and will not effect them
but will actuate the fine wire relays. At each station is a generator of current
having the requisite signaling tension. A large number of battery cells might be
used, but I prefer to adopt an induction generator shown in Figures 3 and 3*,
as a simple induction coil and in Figure 3b, as a dynamo electric machine.
As it
I will first describe the action with the induction coil and will then show how the
dynamo electric machine may replace it.
When the operator at, X, depresses his key, K', the left wing of battery, Bt¹, will
have for the terminals of its circuit the arm, Tr³, of the trailer and the segment, 1º.
In order to insure the induced wave of signaling current being developed at the exact
instant when the line connection of its induced circuit is completed at the segment, 1*,.
the arms, Tr³, Tr³, of the trailer are rigid with respect to, one another and segments, 1ª,
and, 1, are so spaced that the arms of the trailer will, simultaneously bear on their

page_text: co-operating segments. They are preferably so arranged that the station-segment, *1*,
shall be engaged by the arm a little later than the segment, 1°, so as to smother the
induced wave duo to the make of the inducing circuit and that arm, Tr³, shall remain
on the segment a little longer than the arm, Tr¹, does on its segment. This insures
the strong induced impulse due to a break going to line. This may be done by putting
the trailer arms at a slight angle to each other or setting the segments, 1ª, anıl, "1º,
slightly out of the same diametrical plane. It will therefore, be evident that every
time arm, Tr, leaves its segment, 1°, the inducing circuit through left wing of
battery, Bt, wire, S¹, segment, 1e, arm, Tr¹, brush, s¹, switch, to y¹, inducing coil
of generator and key, K', will be ruptured and an induced wave of signaling
current pass from earth, E, wire, G¹, relay, Rr', wire, 1, induced coil, p', of
generator, switch, W', seginent, 1ª, arm, Tr³, brush and wire, z¹, left wing of
battery, L' B', wires, m³, contact, e', tongue, t¹, line, M L, rheostat, Rh, at station, Y,
brush, arm, Tr³. switch, W2, (then on receiving contact) wire, 7, polarise:
relay, Rr, and earth plate, E. When the key, K, is depressed as in operating,
a wave of opposite polarity will be sent to line by reason of the opposite wing of
the battery, Bt', being connected to inducing coil of, I'. The tongue of receiving
relay, Rr, will thus normally be held against the open contact of an open circuit, d,
including a sounder, D3, but when a signaling wave is sent the tongue will close the
sounder circuit. The distributors will be driven at such a speed that at least one
induced impulse will be sent to line in a space of time occupied by a rapid operator in
making the shortest signal of the adopted code, as a dot in the Morse code. The
sounder will thus beat the longer and shorter times during which the key is held down
and the transmission of signals is assured.
At all times when an operator is not on duty his switch will bo on the synchronizing
contact so that for the segment corresponding to his station there will be a low
resistance path for the synchronizing current to ground. When, however, he is on duty
and ready to respond to a call which may come to him from any other station of the
system he will place his switch on the receiving contact.
It will thus be seen that in the system now being described I dispense with the
vibrator of the induction coil and cause the distributor itself to produce the induced
wave of signaling current which renders absolutely certain the transmission of such
wave to line when the line is put in connection by said distributor with the signaling
local station.
In Figure 3b, a dynamo electric machine, Dy is substituted for the induction coil
shown in the other Figures. The field magnet circuit of the dynamo machine, being
connected in circuit, s¹, and corresponding to the low resistance coil of the induction
generator. The armature of the dynamo machine will be driven by a belt and the
terminals of the armaturo circuit will be connected with the wires, 2, the armature
coils thus corresponding to the high resistance coil of the generator heruinbefore
described. Only such parts of the distributor are shown in Figure 3b, and of the
synchronizing apparatus as are necessary to illustrato the relation of the dynamo to
the other parts of the station apparatus. The armature of the dynamo revolves freely
at all times when the field magnet circuit is open, and as this circuit is closed only
when the trailer arm, Tr', bears on the segment, 1°, corresponding to the station, it follows
that simultaneously with the closure of the field magnet circuit an induced wave of
electricity will be thrown to line through wire, , switch, W', segment, 1ª, trailer
arın, Tr², wire, z', left wing of battery, L₁ B¹, wire, m³, armature of relay, Pl
Each main station at which more than one local station is connected is provided
with means as explained in connection with the system hereinbefore described for
connecting said local to any desired station of the system.
I will now describe the synchronizing system in its application to a two line
telegraphic system, referring more particularly to Figures 4 and 4ª, which illustrato
said application diagrammatically.
In the path of the trailer lies a series of contact segments insulated from each other.
As shown in the drawings these are numbered from one to four in the top and the
.

page_text: left hand quadrants, and from five to eight in the bottom and right hand quadrants"
Brushes, t, and, d₁, bear on the hub of the trailer, the former being connected to a
line wire and the latter being connected to the middle point of a split battery, Bt'.
The distributors shown in the drawings will accommodate a system involving eight
or a less number of stations.
As the connections from the distributing segments to the respective local stations
are precisely the same it will only be necessary to describe these connections for any
single pair of stations.
In the drawings these connections are made with the segment numbered 8. The
segment is electrically connected with a switch, W₁, adapted to be thrown on either
of two contacts, R¹, S¹, the former putting the local station at, X, into a condition.
for receiving, and the latter putting it into a condition for transmitting messages.
At each station is placed an induction generator, shown in the drawings as a simple
induction coil, the terminals of the induced circuit of which are connected respectively,
with the contact, S, and with the earth, E, through the coils of a poralized relay, R¹,
or other suitable instrument adapted to respond to induced current.
The inducing coil of the induction generator has its terminals connected through a
switch, Z, with a segment, o, a quarter of a circumference distant from the segment
above mentioned and with a double contact key, K'. The key, K', co-operates with
the two contacts connected to the opposite poles of the above mentioned split
battery, Bt. It will thus be seen that normally there is, when the switch, Z', is in
the position shown in Figure 4, a closed circuit through the induction coil of the
generator, I, each time the arin, Tr³, of the trailer sweeps over the segment, 08,
the polarity of the current being dependent on the position occupied by the key, K'
At such a time the induced current is provided with a path through the other
segment, e, the arm, Tr¹, of the trailer and the brush t¹, to line. In the normal con-
dition of a local station the switch, W', is on the receiving contact. Suppose now an
operator at, X, desires to communicate with an operator at, Y, he would throw his
switch, W1, to the sending contact, S', and manipulate the key, K'. The trailers at
the two stations are constantly sweeping over the tables of contacts and the segment, o³,
at, X, and, o, at, Y, are simultaneously swept by the trailers. The motors are driven
at such a speed that each signaling segment will be swept once at least in the shortest
period occupied by the operator in using any element of the Morse code.
It will therefore, be seen that the trailer will bear on the local segment at least once
for each dot and twice for each dash.
As shown at station, X, the key is in its normal position. Each time the arm, Tr³,
reaches the contact on which it bears, as shown in the drawing, a local circuit is closed
through the inducing coil of the induction generator as follows: From the key to the
coil, through the coil to the segment, through the arm, Tr, to the brush, d', and thence
to the middle point of the battery, Bt, through the left section of the battery to the
key. This circuit is marked throughout its parts by the letter, d. The moment this
circuit is closed by the arm, Tr³, of the brush, an induced wave is set up in the other
coil of the generator and a current proceeds to line from the earth plate, E¹, to
wire, -G, through. the coils of the relay, R', over the connections marked, e¹, through
the secondary coils of the generator to the switch, W', thence by way of segment, e,
and the arm, Tr³, of the trailer, to the brush, t, and the transmitting line, TW, thence
over said line to station, Y, through a rheostat Rh³, to brush, t, arm, Tr³, of the
trailer at,, segment, es, switch, W, relay, R, to earth, E. The relays are so wound
that the impulses sent over the transmitting line by the circuit just described will
throw the relay armature on the open contact of a local circuit including a battery and
a sounder, D', at each station. When, however, the transmitting key, K', is depressed
by the operator, a wave or series of waves of opposite polarity will be thrown on line
by reason of the reversal of current in the inducing circuit at the transmitting station,
the right section of the battery being then brought into action. These waves will
throw the armatures of the relays, R₁, R², to the stops, n', n², respectively, and the
sounder, D¹, at station, X, and, D, at station, Y, will he actuated, the former through
a local circuit including the local battery, Qi Q', and the latter through a local
R

page_text: circuit including the battery, Q Q. It will thus be seen that at each station there
are two segments, one to create an induced impulse by closing the inducing current
of the induction generator, and the other to close a path for the induced current to
line. In order to make this occur at precisely the proper moment the two arms of the
brush have a fixed relation to each other and cover an angle less than 90 degrees, and,
it results from this that the arm, Tr³, will leave its segment before the arm, Tr', has
left its segment, a condition which insures the induction wave from the generator, 1',
proceeding to line.
Various ways of accomplishing this might be adopted, the only essential feature
being that the trailer shall have two parts adapted to close the two circuits at the
proper time, as for example, the distributors shown in Figures 3 and 3ª, with respect
to segments, 1ª, 2ª, &c., and, 1º, 2º, &c., might be employed.
Each main station at which more than one local station is connected is provided
with means for connecting said locals to any desired station of the system as explained
in the systems hereinbefore described.
The motors are driven at such a speed as to cause the trailers to sweep the table of
segments a definite number of times during the period occupied by a rapid operator in
sending the shortest signal of the codo used, and as each segment is traversed by the
trailer once during each revolution of said trailer it will be evident that each operator
of the system is given the use of line for a definite period during each revolution, and
that it is only necessary to multiply the number of segments of the distributor and the
number of branch circuits corresponding thereto to increase its capacity, that is to say,
to make a system of higher order than an octuplex, a limit only being reached when
the angle covered by a segment becomes so small that synchronism of the motors
cannot be relied upon. The reversed currents used for synchronizing clear the line of
static charge at each reversal and provont any lagging in the relays which control the
actuating motor for the distributor.
The synchronizing current which controls the relays, P1, P2, is carried in this system
on an independent line wire, S, W, which corresponds in its functions in all respects
to the main line, M L, referred to in the description of the other systems.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is-
1. The herein described synchronizing system in combination with a one or two
line multiplex telegraphic system, substantially as described and shown with reference
to Figures 2 to 4ª, inclusive.
2. The combination with the one or two line multiplex telegraphic system, of the
herein described distributor for simultaneously connecting corresponding local stations
and causing an induced signaling current to operate receiving apparatus when the
operator manipulates the sending apparatus, as described and shown in reference to
Figures 3 to 4*, inclusive.
Batod the 21st day of March 1888.
FRANCIS JARVIS PATTEN.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.