IMPROVEMENTS IN. THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS ADAPTED TO CALICO AND OTHER PRINTING
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Josiah Mackelcan, of Islington, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN. THE
MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS ADAPTED TO CALICO AND OTHER PRINTING"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Josiah Mackelcan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Pétition, on the
3rd June 1856.
I, GEORGE JOSIAH MACKELCAN, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex;
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS ADAPTED TO CALICO AND OTHER PRINTING,"
to be as follows:-
Hitherto various means of producing printing rollers covered with thin
shells of copper or other suitable material have been attempted, but not with
entire success.
The nature of my improvement consists in using a simple cylinder of cast
iron, or other metal adapted to the common printing mandril, or other spindle
covered with a shell of copper, brass, or other material adapted to be engraved
or embossed.
The cylinder is first coated with tin or solder on its external surface, and
the shell formed of such a size that when cold it is too small to go over the

page_text: prepared cylinder; the shell is then to be dilated by heat, and raised to such
a temperature that when passed over the cylinder it shall contract upon and
melt the solder, and thus become effectually united or soldered to its entire
length and circumference. The shell may be removed by raising the tem-
peraturo of the whole mass sufficiently to again dilate tho shell and melt the
solder. I do not by the above description bind myself to the use of solder,
it being possible that the hold which the shell will acquire by its contraction
may be found sufficient for all practical purposes. The object, aimed at is a
reduction in the cost of printing rollers, and consequently in, the price of
printed fabrics generally.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Josiah Mackelcan in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd December 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
JOSIAH MACKELCAN, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Josiah Mackelcan, Ier special licence that I, the said Georgo
Josiah Mackelcan, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said George Josiah Mackelcan, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS ADAPTED TO CALICO AND
OTHER PRINTING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Josiah Mackelcan, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW. YE, that 1, the said George Josiah Mackelcan, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My said Invention refers to the construction and manufacture of compound
rollers for printing calico and other fabrics, and for other purposes, in which
a shell or tube of copper or other metal, brass or other metallic alloy, adapted
to be engraved or embossed, is fixed on a simple metallic cylinder, by the
intervention of tin, zinc, solder, or other uniting medium, which together
with the contraction of the shell, shall produco adhesion and cohesion of the
surfaces.
Now, for the better understanding of my said improvements in respect to
their nature, and for the more effectually carrying the same into operation,
I will proceed to describe several details thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, which are made to a scale of three inches to the
foot, of a roller three feet long by five inches diameter, when finished.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of my compound roller; Fig. 2 is a cross
section of the same. A is the metallic cylinder or body of the roller, adapted
to the compion mandril or other spindle, on which is fixed the shell B; C, C,
is the line of adhering surfaces of the shell and body of the roller, and
represents also the solder or medium employed to effect the union when
used. The shell B is affixed to the cylinder A by any of the following
modes:-
First, a métallic cylinder is prepared, of cast iron or other metal, its surface
being cither plain or grooved in any direction, or roughed in any manner,
and coated with tin, zinc, solder, or other uniting medium on its exterior
surface. A shell or tube of copper or other metal or metallic alloy is also
prepared, of such a diameter that when cold it is too small to go over or
admit the cylinder; its interior surface is made chemically clean, and is
then heated in an oven or retort adapted for the purpose to such a temperature
at least as shall dilate it sufficiently to admit the prepared cylinder, which is
also heated. It is preferred that the shell should be ready to receive the
cylinder immediately on its withdrawal from the tinning or coating bath. It
is also necessary that the diameters of the interior of the shell and the exterior
of the cylinder bear such proportions to each other, that, when the shell is
lowered to the same temperature as the melting point of the uniting medium,
it shall bind upon it and the cylinder. Tho shell and, the cylinder will then
be united together, both by the cohesion and adhesion of the interposed

page_text: mediums, and by the contraction of the cooling shell, which is allowed, by
preference, to take place gradually.
Secondly, a cylinder is prepared as before, as also a shell; but in this
instance the shell is internally coated with the uniting medium, as well as the
cylinder externally; the shell is then dilated as before by heat to about the
melting point of the coating, when the cylinder, eithor cold or but slightly
heated, is inserted in the shell, and they are allowed to remain in the oven or
retort until the compound mass is raised to the melting point of the uniting
medium; when cool they will be united, as before, both by the cohesion of
the surfaces and by the grip of the contracted shell.
Thirdly, a cylinder and shell are prepared as before, and the shell, coated
or not, may be greater in diameter internally than the exterior of the cylinder,
or smaller, or of the same size. The cylinder may be inserted while the shell
is cold or when dilated by heat. The lower end being stopped, they are
there raised in the retort to the temperature of the melting point of the
uniting mediums, when it is poured between the two in a fluid state, and the
whole allowed to cool, as in the former cases. IIero will be again cohesion
and adhesion, arising from the presence of the uniting medium, as also from
the superior contraction of the shell.
Fourthly, a cylinder and shell are prepared as in the first case, but without
either being coated. The shell is again dilated in the retort, and the cylinder
inserted cold, and, by preference, the shell is allowed to cool rapidly, when it
will obtain firm hold upon the cylinder by its contraction.
The subsequent operations of finishing, in all these cases, may be performed
in the usual way.
As the shell wears out or becomes useless, it may be removed by heating
the whole mass to the melting point of the uniting medium. The cylinder
when withdrawn will be available for another shell at a trifling cost. It
will thus be seen that my improved compound roller is formed of a simple
metallic cylinder of any desirable dimensions, covered with a shell of copper
or other metal, brass or other metallic alloy, affixed to it by means of a
uniting medium, or solder alone, or by the uniting medium and the contraction
of the shell, or by the contraction of the shell alone.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and several modes
of bringing it into effect, I wish it clearly to be understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details herein described, nor to any particular
mode of preparing the cylinder or shell, nor to any precise mode of performing
the various operations described, so long as the peculiar features of my
Invention are maintained; and I do declare that what I claim is,-

page_text: First, the peculiar construction of my compound roller, in which a metallic
shell is mode coherent to a metallic cylinder by means of an interposed
medium, as described.
Second, the peculiar construction of my compound roller, in which a
metallic shell is made to hold upon the metallic cylinder by its own contraction,
as described.
First, the peculiar construction of my compound roller, in which a metallic
shell is mode coherent to a metallic cylinder by means of an interposed
medium, as described.
Second, the peculiar construction of my compound roller, in which a
metallic shell is made to hold upon the metallic cylinder by its own contraction,
as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Josiah Mackelcan, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Second day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
GEORGE JOSIAH MACKELCAN. (L.S.)