IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING THE SMOKE AND ECONOMISING THE FUEL OF STEAM ENGINES, BREWERIES, AND MANU- FACTORIES GENERALLY
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD KYAN, late of Bark Place, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex,
but now of Westbourne Park Villas, Paddington, in said County, Clerk,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of
July, in the eleventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Edward Kyan, my exors,
adiňors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and autho-
rity, that I, the said William Edward Kyan, my exors, adñiors, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said William Edward Kyan, my exors, admors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick upon Tweed, the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING THE
SMOKE AND ECONOMISING THE FUEL OF STEAM ENGINES, BREWERIES, AND MANU-
FACTORIES GENERALLY," communicated to me by a certain foreigner residing
abroad; in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that I, the said
William Edward Kyan, shall cause a particular description of the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an

page_text: instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Edward Kyan, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:
The Invention consists of a combination of mechanical means or adaptations
to be applied to the furnaces, ash pits, flues, fire doors, door frames, and chimneys
of steam engines, boilers, coppers, stills, and pans generally, as hereafter par-
ticularly described and represented in the Drawing annexed, to which I make
reference, whereby the nature and position of the several parts or adaptations
are pointed out, by the combination of which, as herein described, the con-
suming, of the smoke and gas, and the lessening the expense of fuel is advan-
tageously effected... The principle which is carried out by the mechanical
means comprised in this. Invention is, firstly, to regulate the draught of the
chimneys whatever may be their altitude, so that their area of cubical capacity
shall not exceed the conjoint areas of the furnace, the space above the bridge,
and the fire flue under the boiler, copper, pan, or still. Secondly, by adjusting
the admission of atmospheric air at given appropriate points, not only from
the ash pit, grate and furnace, doors and door frames, but also by the auxillary
means of air flues and ventilators, whereby to afford the precise proportion of
air needful to effect the perfect combustion of not only the fuel, but its
products of gas and smoke, as either the excess or deficiency of air occasioned
by disproportional draught and supply would render equally impossible. In
the annexed Drawing Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of a steam
boiler of cylindrical form with its furnace. Figure 2 is a transverse sectiona
plan taken across the furnace near the bridge. Figure 3 is a front view o
the furnace doors, ash pit, and ventilators. Figure 1, a, the furnace doors
b, the plate; c, the fire bars; d, the bridge; e, the air flue; f, the fire flu
under the boiler; g, the latteral or side fire flues. Figure 2, d, the bridge
f, the fire flue; g, the side fire flues. Figure 3, a, the furnace doors, th
upper one of which has ventilators with regulating slides to admit air ove
the fuel (without lessening the temperature of the furnace, which partl

page_text: opening the door occasions). This upper door a¹ is opened to supply fuel,
and when that is done it is closed, and the lower (plain) door a³ is then
opened, to arrange the position of the fuel on the bars. e is the air flue,
with ventilator to regulate the air admitted. h, h, are the ash pit doors, with
their ventilators marked i, i, by which the needful quantum of air is allowed
to enter. These doors may be opened in part or wholly on first lighting the
fire. There is a second air flue, marked K, which enters the side flue, into
which the blaze first passes from the boiler, and this has likewise a ventilator
marked . In addition to the horizontal damper in the chimney to contract
and regulate the draught; there is also a vertical damper fixed on one side of
the chimney, with a counterpoise weight, which damper is raised as occasion
may require, to supply a volume of air to the chimney, and thereby lessen or
stop the draught through the furnace at the time when fuel is supplied and
arranged on the bars. The application to the furnaces of round boilers,
coppers, pans, and stills is represented in Figure 4, which is a horizontal
section of a round boiler. a, the furnace doors; b, the plate; c, the fire bars;
d, the bridge; e, the air flue; f, the flue under the boiler; g, the side fire
flue; k, the second air flue entering where the blaze first appears in the side
flue; to this there is a ventilator at k. The ash pit doors and furnace doors
are the same as those already described, and are shewn in Figure 5.; also the
horizontal damper marked l, and vertical one marked m; are the same as
before stated. These as to size must be.regulated by the area of the chimney.
In case there are double side flues, one passing to the right, and the other to
the left of the boiler, there must be duplicate air flues marked k, to enter the
side fire flues at the point where the blaze from the copper or boiler bottom
first appears to supply air to continue and perfect the ignition of the gas and
smoke. The increased altitude of chimnies has been resorted to with a view
to.abate the nuisance of smoke, but without producing the effect; and the
enormous draught of many stacks or chimneys, from their great cubical area,
adds to the evil, when their internal atmospheres become so rarified that their
draught is still further increased, insomuch that many of them would suffice
for three instead of the one engine furnace to which each of them is attached.
Air must be admitted gradually as required; thus, by the admission of a
moderate quantum of air through the ventilators of the ash pit doors the fuel
is ignited by the supply of air through the ventilating holes, regulated by
slides in the door frame above the doors, or in the hopper door (as the case
may be). Combustion is afforded to the gas and smoke while arising in the
body of the furnace by the air supplied from the ventilator in the air tube or

page_text: flue which communicates to the back of the bridge; any gas and smoke which
escapes from the furnace to the flue under the boiler is ignited; and again, by
the ventilator in the second air flue marked k, entering the side flue at the
end of the boiler near the chimney, still further ignition is attained, and the
full completion of the combustion is thus secured by the conjoint action of
the whole of these arrangements, which could not be effected by the admission
of a large volume of air with undue force at any one of these given points
above enumerated.
These arrangements are also applicable to the furnace doors and frames,
ash pit doors, flues and chimnies of marine steam engines, with modifications
suitable to their variety and arrangement; thus, where the boilers are set in
brickwork with flues or fire bed passing under the boiler, and side flues sur-
rounding the boiler like those of stationary land engines, the same method of
applying the arrangements as before described will answer the purpose; and
when the furnace and ash pit are within the boiler the ventilators are to be
applied to the ash pit doors, to the furnace door frame, and upper door, and
to a metallic pipe to convey air to the back of the bridge, and should there
be a side flue, one also to that, the regulating damper to the chimney,
and a vertical damper inclosed for safety in a case, open at the bottom, to
admit air.
As some of the arrangements herein described are old, or have been in use,
such as the horizontal damper, the divided furnace door, with apertures therein,
and the admission of air at the back of the bridge, I do not claim any one of
these separately, but I do claim their application combined with the following
improvements; that is to say, the vertical damper marked m, the openings in
the door frame and slides to cover them occasionally, the side air flue and
ventilator k, and that marked e, the ventilators in the ash pit doors marked j,
and the tube for conveying the air to the back of the bridge marked e, in the
manner set forth, to produce by their regulated and united action the effect of
more complete combustion by igniting the gas and smoke, and thereby saving
fuel to a considerable extent.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Kyan, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of January, One
thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.
W. E. (L.s.) KYAN.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-seventh day of January,
in the year of our Lord 1848, the aforesaid William Edward Kyan
came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknow-
ledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and everything therein contained
and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid
was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.