IMPROVEMENTS IN INCANDESCENT PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Banting Rogers of 47 Holborn Viaduct, in the City
of London Engineer for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INCANDESCENT
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Banting Rogers at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1882.
JOHN BANTING ROGERS of 47 Holborn Viaduct in the City of London Engineer
IMPROVEMENTS IN INCANDESCENT LAMPS AND IN FITTINGS AND SWITCHES FOR
ELECTRIC LIGHT APPARATUS.
My Invention relates to certain improvements in incandescent lamps also in
fittings and switch attachments for electric light apparatus.
According to the first part of my invention I fit two terminal ends of platinum
or other suitable metal within the globe or other glass; the ends have the filament
attached by inside conical tubes of platinum or other metal into which the two
ends fit and keep themselves in contact and prevent any slip of the filament from
the ends of the poles. By this means I ensure perfect contact. The ends may be
hard soldered if necessary.
According to the second part of my Invention I screw thread the socket of an
incandescent lamp and terminate the two wires or one wire only at the base. I
also screw thread the socket attachment and terminate the lead wire or wires just
outside its end so that when the two screw threaded pieces are screwed into close
contact the wires are put into electrical connection. On the socket being turned
in the reverse direction the contact of the wires become broken.
The socket may be a fixture to the globe or other glass by cement or it may
have split sides and made slightly yielding to fit thereon and be held by its own
springyness or by a sliding ferrule.
According to the third part of my invention I fit short wires (insulated) within
the aperture of the plug of an ordinary gas tap and lead the ends of other wires
(insulated) to the ends next the plug portion of the tap belly, the wires in the tap

page_text: plug being so arranged that they make contact when the plug is turned in one
direction and away or switched when turned in another direction.
This method of fitting wires in plugs of gas taps is applicable to all existing
gas fittings whether the conducting wires be passed through the ordinary gas pipes
or fitted to the exterior of same, their ends being fitted into holes formed for the
purpose in the belly.
The foregoing improvements are particularly applicable to my system of dividing
and subdividing the current Patented on the 20th September in the year 1880
No 3809 it being impossible by that system to destroy the conduction by separating
or shutting out any one or more lamps arranged within the system.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Banting Rogers in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th September 1882.
JOHN BANTING ROGERS of 47 Holborn Viaduct in the City of London, Engineer,
IMPROVEMENTS IN INCANDESCENT LAMPS AND IN FITTINGS AND SWITCHES FOR
ELECTRIC LIGHT APPARATUS.
My Invention relates to improvements in incandescent lamps also in fittings and
switch attachments for electric light apparatus.
Figures 1 and 2 are views of an incandescent lamp with the first part of my
Invention. A is the glass globe and B the socket or holder through which the two
short wires CD are passed and insulated in the ordinary manner, the terminals or
ends of these wires are booked for their easy attachment to the looped end of
wires E F, which loops are partially embedded in the stem G of the glass A. This
partial embedding of the loops E' F¹ of the wires E F is an essential feature of
novelty in incandescent lamps, it gives strength and rigidity to the wires forming
the terminals and prevents fracture at the junction. I also dispense with the
leg pieces as used in other incandescent lamps, I thereby effect a saving in the
manufacture thereof.
"
"
The inner ends of the wires E F are chamfered or inclined to fit conical
apertures in ferrules or tubes H H into which the two ends II of the filament J
are also arranged, these ends being also chamfered to fit the conical holes in the
ferrules or tubes H H to ensure a perfect and reliable contact of the ends of E F
with the ends I I. The ferrules or tubes H H are preferably of platinum but can
be of other metal and the ends of the wires E F may be hard soldered if necessary.
The socket or holder B in Figures 1 and 2 has bent wires K K, attached which
serve by their flexibility and springiness to hold the globe A firmly to them
whether the lamp be fitted horizontally or at an angle or upright, or depending
from the socket, the stem of the globe requiring to be pushed in only for the
looped ends of the wires to engage themselves to be secure. The plain or unlooped

page_text: ends L L of the wires CD project from the ends M of the socket or holder B and
are of such a length that they bear upon the ends of pole wires arranged within a
gas or other pipe or upon short wires fitted in the tap plug of a pipe for switching
between the pole wires and the ends LL of the wires projecting from the socket B,
or to the mains used to convey the current or to wires from my dividing apparatus
as set forth in my previous Patent No. 3809 in the year 1880 or otherwise.
The springy or flexible portion of the socket or holder for the globe may be
formed by strips of metal as at Figures 3 and 4 or by slitting a ferrule as at
Figure 5 and instead of arranging the two short wires CD to a switch appliance
direct, one wire C only may be carried down or through the pipe, the other being
connected to the metal work of the lamp as at Figure 4 or otherwise.
This view also shows a method of fitting the socket B to an attachment P by
screw threading them, these when screwed close home put the short wires into
contact with the pole wires. The socket or holder may be formed by a loose
ferrule or collar B as at Figure 6 mounted on an inner socket N by a screw pin
within a spiral slot of the holder so that the globe can be released by simply
turning the ferrule B in the proper direction, a reverse movement of the ferrule
securing the globe in position after the wires C D E F are looped in connection
with each other. Figure 7 shows the ferrule controlled by an internal spring
which can be compressed when the ferrule has to be lowered for the removal or a
refixing of the lamp. the ferrule being the holder proper. Figure 7 shows the
two wires CD placed in an ordinary bracket-end so that the two wires E F
of the lamp may be attached to them. The circuit wire being also attached to
them.
Figures 8 and 9 show a double and a single wire arrangement in the plug of a
tap for switching purposes. the turning of the tap makes or breaks contact as
desired.
Figure 10 shows a key Q with a metallic piece at its inner end which can be
withdrawn from contact of of the pole wire and of the short wire by a simple
turn.
In the previous figures I have shown or described the switch tap or key close to
the lamp but it may be at any part of the fittings, In Figures 11 and 12 I show
a branch plug so fitted. The filaments which I prefer to use are from Vegetable
substances such as Alga (sea weed) piassava or bass, fern stalks or like fibrous
bodies, the filaments are arranged on specially shaped carbon blocks so that they
shall assume certain shapes as indicated at Figures 1 to 10, or other suitable forms
to obtain elasticity. The blocks and filaments are packed with powdered plumbago
out of contact with each other in a crucible and subjected to an intense heat to
bring them to the required consistency of carbonization and then allowed to cool
down without contact with the atmosphere. The filaments are then removed from
the carbon blocks and are then subjected to a testing process by flashing to prove
their resistance and required conductivity.
Figure 13 represents a testing apparatus for the preparation or flashing operation
of filaments.
Qis a glass vessel into which single filaments are placed and into which coal
gas is permitted to flow by the pipe R and escape by the pipe S. TT are circuit
wires from the key U when put in contact by the foot plate and cord V (which
can rebound under the action of the spring W) and which puts the dynamo current
through the filament. The wires XX when in contact with the key U are in
connection with a Wheatstone Bridge X' and a galvanometer X" to test resistance
of the filaments. The filaments are suspended by their ends from forceps attached
to an india rubber ball which forms a plug when pushed into the mouth of the
vessel Q. The contacts of the forceps are connected with conducting wires by the
aid of springs so that a current can be passed through the filament. This current
can be put on by the operator pressing down the foot plate and cord which bring
the key U into contact with the dynamo or other force producer.
Figure 14 shows the method I employ of exhausting the air from the globes of

page_text: incandescent lamps. Y is a vessel charged with Mercury and having a flexible
tube Z, at its lower end near the end farthest from the vessel I affix one end of a
pipe a to which the lamps to be exhausted are connected, e is another vessel but
attached to the opposite end of the flexible tube Z. The vessel c being provided
with a stopper e readily removable when desired. The operation is as follows;
Supposing all to be in the order shown in the drawings the vessel Y is raised
gradually to cause the Mercury which it contains to flow by the tube Z into the
vessel c the stopper e is then raised sufficiently to allow the air contained in c to
escape, the stopper e is then replaced and hermetically closes the mouth.
The vessel Y is then lowered by hand for the Mercury to pass from the vessel c
which it does; this creates a partial vacuum in c which becomes destroyed by air
flowing from the lamps through the pipes a a. The Mercury is still allowed to
descend and it passes the branch a, in doing so it draws a further quantity of air
from the lamps, the operation being repeated until sufficient exhaustion has been
effected. A current is then passed through the filament and the exhaustion
continued.
Any number of lamps can be connected to the pipe a and its branches, only two
being shown for convenience, so that the exhaustion of a number of them, can be
carried on at one time as desired. The current from a dynamo is conducted by
wires to the filaments.
"
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed I declare that I claim;
First. The improved construction or arrangement of electric incandescent lamps
as hereinbefore described and as shown in the annexed drawings, the main feature
being the connection of the wires E F to the stem of the lamp without the use of
"leg pieces."
Secondly; Specially I claim :-Sealing a portion of the loops E' F¹ of the
wires E F in the stem G of the glass A.
Thirdly; The method of temporarilly affixing incandescent lamps in sockets or
holders and of their easy removal therefrom as described and as shown at
Figures 1, 2, also the modified methods shown at Figures 6 and 7 of the
drawings.
Fourthly; The affixing of wire in the plug of a tap as a means of making and
breaking electrical contact as described and substantially as shown in Figures
8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the annexed drawings.
Fifthly; The arrangement and the successive method of action of the appliances
described with reference to Figures 13 and 14 of the annexed drawings.
In witness whereof I the said John Banting Rogers have hereunto set my
hand and seal this sixteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
זוחמז
ICגההזג
DOARDO
ז ההזו
ING ROGERS.
(L.D.)