IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING QUARTZ AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND FOR MECHANICALLY AND CHEMICALLY EXTRACTING GOLD FROM AURIFEROUS STONES OR SOILS, AND FOR PROCURING SILVER,. COPPER, ZINC, LEAD, IRON, AND OTHER METALS FROM THEIR RESPECTIVE ORES OR IMPREGNATED LIQUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Fredric Goble and Frederick
Shand Hemming at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 15th October 1860.
I, GEORGE FREDRIC GOBLE, of the City of London, Metallurgist, and I,
FREDERICK SHAND HEMMING, of the City of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
CRUSHING QUARTZ AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND FOR MECHANICALLY AND CHEMICALLY
EXTRACTING GOLD FROM AURIFEROUS STONES OR SOILS, AND FOR PROCURING SILVER,.
COPPER, ZINC, LEAD, IRON, AND OTHER METALS FROM THEIR RESPECTIVE ORES OR
IMPREGNATED LIQUIDS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
Our crushing machines are made of various sizes and plans according to the
substances to be pulverized. As a general rule, each machine consists of a cir-
cular trough or troughs mostly of metal placed upon any firm level base. In
these troughs are placed one or more edge runners, sometimes peculiarly
grooved with steel facets. In certain cases I make one of the fluted edge
rollers to perform the part of a first breaker or cracker, as well as the first
edge crusher by suspending clear of the trough, on a separate axle nearly close
to the first large wheel, a smaller fluted roller rotating the reverse way by
means of a wheel, pinion, fly, or such like. On the top of this pair of reverse
rotating fluted rollers is fixed a hopper to carry a quantity of the crude matter
to be first broken, as the stuff gradually descends betwixt the grooved edges
of the two crackers while the whole machine is' going its usual rounds, which
progressive motion of the prime roller causes the momentum of the quick

page_text: revolving suspending breaker with its heavy fly wheel to first break the crude
stones, bones, or other similar matters about the size of eggs, preparatory to
the advancing heavy edge runners passing over the broken fragments the
instant they fall in the trough equally distributed all over the bottom, which
when finally pulverized are scraped into proper receptacles by hoes attached
to certain parts of the rotating framework. As the hopper is supported upon
the axles of the crushing wheels, the heavier it is loaded the more pressure is
then added to the prime edge crusher, consequently the dead weight of the
rough matter is here made to greatly assist in powdering the first cracked
pieces the moment they reach the trough before the coming rollers. In some
crushing machines between the rollers and upon their arms I
arrange heavy
beaters, stampers, or pounders, or breakers to rise and fall at certain distances
by means of curved handles or levers striking against fixed projections while
the wheels and stampers rotate round the trough. From these massive
beaters with their levers being suspended to the axles of the edge runners their
weights very materially assist the pressure of the wheels in powdering coarse
particles. Generally we propose to cover the faces of these stampers or
beaters, as well as the edge runners, with steel facets. Against one or more
of the stampers we intend to arrange a shelf or hopper to admit the crude
materials under them just previous to their passing. Where circular machines
cannot well be worked, and for cheaper crushers, we arrange a set of beaters
in one or more longitudinal troughs, each series of hammers to be made to
rise and fall by passing under or over projections, such stampers to be sus-
pended and carried backwards and forwards by means of two, four, or more
broad wheels travelling over the broken fragments in their respective channels,
such rollers with their ponderous load of strikers to act the finishing part of
finally pulverizing the coarse particles, which the rough faces of the mauls do
not powder. Nearly all the crushing machines will be so contrived as to be
worked by either steam, water, wind, cattle, or manual power, whilst their
portability will be such that one pair of rollers on the same axles can quickly
be made to carry the segmental trough and other gear upon them ready to be
moved from any locality to another by manual or cattle labour.
The next kind of mechanism we use for assaying minerals in large opera-
tions may be termed matrases or troughs for the purpose of holding the
chemical dissolvents, porous batteries, and other requisites; what we propose
are cisterns formed of good and well-seasoned planks, similar to horse water-
ing troughs narrowing towards the bottom, but instead of being made parallel
we form them out of broad tapering boards, the narrowest part of the sides
secured to the widest end of the bottom; after being well bevelled we spread

page_text: the top open; the inside of the bottom must have longitudinal strips of wood
about an inch square secured to it a few inches apart, so that the nuggetts
or heavy pieces of metal can fall between while the soil within them is under-
going maceration. Whether these matrases are made to contain 100 or
1,000 gallons each, they ought to be so arranged for any number to easily
transfer their contents from one to the other, and vice versa, either by placing
the lowest end of one trough above the highest level of the next, and so on,
if only one way is desirable; but to answer both ways we prefer to arrange as
many cisterns as requisite, all about level on their tops, leaving their deepest
sides with their bottoms to have the surplus fall, the better to allow such long
cisterns when filled with crude matter to be easily drained; we therefore set
any series of tanks not only level on the top, but parallel about a yard or so
apart, for workmen to get easily between them, and when it is requisite to
transfer any portion or drain away the whole of the liquid in any one or more
cisterns to any contiguous or intermediate matras, we merely case the ends of
the emptying trough to be lifted in their standards the height requisite, either
by screws, levers, wedges, pullies, or other simple contrivances to hold them
at the angle most suitable to drain the solution from the other contents. In
certain temporary works we erect prepared portable coffer-dams and other
reservoirs, using hollow cane syphon pumps for transfering the requisite
chemicals used in the processes.