Improvements in or relating to the Parts of Velocipedes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 7th July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 7th May, 1894-Accepted, 7th July, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Parts of Velocipedes.
FREDERICK WESTWOOD 1 Lombard Street Birmingham Cycle Fittings
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My invention relates to improvements in velocipedes and consists
1. An improvement in fastening the foot rests thereto.
2. In the improvement of pneumatic tyres.
3. Improvement in the construction of felloes or rims.
4. In the joints which hold together various parts of the frame.
1. Foot Rest Fastenings. To the foot rest itself I fasten a longitudinal plate,
which plate fits the fork side lengthwise. I then bring a metal clip which fits on
the back of the fork longitudinally round to the front to fit on to this side plate,
and it is held in position by an adjusting screw and nut which binds the clip firmly
on to the surface of the before mentioned plate.
2. In the Construction of Tyres. In riding ordinary air tyres such as Dunlop
or Boothroyd tyres, the compression of the tyre by the weight of the_rider forms
in the front of the tyre a continuos little hill which has to be ridden down. Now
if the tread of the tyre were formed of a continuos series of hollow protrusions,
or convexions that is convex on the outer surface and concave inside the tyre,
each one of these would more easily give way to the rider than a continuos outer
circle on the tread of the tyre, and my invention consists in forming these for the
purposes before named.
I am aware that lumps have been moulded upon the outer surface of the elastic
materials of which the tyre is composed, but these being solid do not give to the
road like the cells or shell like formations in my improved process.
For the purpose of an easily repaired detachable tyre, either with or without my
improved tread as mentioned above, I use a wired cover the same as that used
with a Dunlop detachable tyre, and form it into a semi-circular tube, by a base of
flexible material made with a beaded edge of wire or other material, so that when
inflated the beaded edge of the flat circular base engages or is forced against the
beaded edge of the outer cover. This I use either as a single tube tyre or it is
made with a loose inner tube as usual.
3. In the Construction of Felloes or Rims. My improved process is the
construction of rims from two or more round tubes joined together by a flat strip
of metal, and afterwards moulded to a suitable shape as required.
4. Joints. My invention is to improve the joints or holding surface to which the
tubes in the frame parts of velocipedes are fixed. I will describe it in fixing a
round fork into what is known as the crown. This crown is made either from a
Hat or tubular piece of metal, which I fashion thus as follows. I cut out of the
crown at the point where the fork is to be fixed a star shaped piece of metal
leaving a star shaped hole. The points of the star, projecting from the sides of the
hole, I then force downward or upward forming a round hole the size of the fork.
The points of the star which have been thus forced down or up clip the fork or
ube when pushed into the said hole and form a better brazing surface than if the
hole had been only pierced round. The star shaped metal which was pierced out,
or a similar piece to it, I then use for filling up the hole at the top of the fork in
he following manner. I turn the edges of the star up vertically so as to form a
kind of cup, with the points of the star forming the sides, and this cup with star
pointed sides I press and solder into the end of the tube or fork, sometimes I

page_text: make two holes opposite to each other, and when this is the case I may fit the
point of the star, or projecting teeth into each other and so form a complete tube.
Dated this 5th day of July 1893.
FREDERICK WESTWOOD.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Parts of Velocipedes.
FREDERICK WESTWOOD 1 Lombard Street Birmingham Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in velocipedes and consists in
1. An improvement in fastening the foot rests thereto.
2. In the improvement of pneumatic tyres.
3. Improvement in the construction of felloes or rims.
4. In the joints which hold together various parts of the frame.
1. Foot Rest Fastenings. To the foot rest itself I fasten a longitudinal plate,
which plate fits the fork side lengthwise, I then bring a metal clip which fits on
the back of the fork longitudinally round to the front to fit on to this side plate,
and it is held in position, by an adjusting screw, and nut, which binds the clip firmly.
on to the surface of the before mentioned plate.
2. In the Construction of Tyres. In riding ordinary air tyres, such as Dunlop
or Boothroyd tyres the compression of the tyre by the weight of the rider, forms
on the front of the tyre, a continuous little hill which has to be ridden down. Now,
if the tread of the tyre were formed of a continuous series of hollow protrusions,
or convexions, that is convex on the outer surface and concave inside the tyre, each
one of these would more easily give way to the rider, than a continuous outer circle
on the tread of the tyre, and my invention consists in forming these for the purposes
before named.
I am aware that lumps have been moulded upon the outer surface of the elastic
materials of which the tyre is composed, but these being solid do not give to the
road like the cells or shell like formations in my improved process.
For the purpose of an easily repaired detachable tyre, either with or without my
improved tread as mentioned above, I use a wired cover, the same as that used with
a Dunlop detachable tyre, and form it into a semi-circular tube, by a base of
flexible material, made with a beaded edge of wire or other material, so that when
inflated, the beaded edge of the flat circular base, engages or is forced against the
beaded edge of the outer cover. This I use either as a single tube tyre, or it is
made with a loose inner tube as usual.
3. In the Construction of Felloes or Rims. My improved process in the
construction of rims, from two or more round tubes joined together by a flat strip
of metal, and afterwards moulded to a suitable shape as required.
4. Joints. My invention is to improve the joints for holding surface to which
the tubes in the frame parts of velocipedes are fixed. I will describe it, in fixing
a round fork, into what is known as the crown. This crown is made either from a
flat or tubular piece of metal, which I fashion thus as follows. I cut out of the
crown, at the point where the fork is to be fixed, a star shaped piece of metal,
leaving a star shaped hole. The points of the star projecting from the sides of
the hole, I then force downwards, or upwards forming a round hole the size of the
fork. The points of the star which have been thus forced down or up, clip the
fork or tube, when pushed into the said hole, and form a better brazing surface,
than if the hole, had been pierced round. The star shaped metal, which was
pierced out, or a similar piece to it, I then use for filling up the hole, at the top of
the fork, in the following manner. I turn the edges of the star up vertically, so

page_text: as to form a kind of cup, with the points of the star, forming the sides, and this
cup with star pointed sides I press, and solder into the end of the tube or fork,.
sometimes I make two holes opposite to each other, and when this is the case I may
fit the point of the star, or projecting teeth into each other, and so form a complete
tube.
I will now proceed to more fully explain by reference to the annexed sheets of
drawings,
Figure 1. shows the part on which the foot rests, with the longitudinal plate X
attached, which for convenience is formed from a portion of the material of
which the foot-rest is composed, but it may be joined thereto in any approved.
manner.
Figure 2. shows the metal clip flat.
Figure 3. rounded to fit the fork.
Figure 4. shows the clip binding the longitudinal plate by aid of the screw &
nut A. It will here be seen, that when the said complete foot-rest (Fig. 4) is.
attached to the fork, that by screwing up the pin and nut A. a direct grip is obtained
by the metal band or clip.
Figure 5. shows my improved tread of tyre, attached to what is known as a
single tube tyre. B are strips of canvas tape or thread, and it will be seen that at
the parts C, there is a double layer of canvas, which being_fastened together hold
that part of the tyre, at a lower plane, than the part at B. forming cells xxx..
Fig. 5. is a portion of the endless tube which forms the tyre. The inner portion.
is a layer of india-rubber or elastic material which forms the air-proof chamber of
a single tube tyre upon which, in my improved tyre, strips of canvas-tape or thread
are wound and overlap at the parts C and are fastened upon this air proof
chamber, doubly at the parts C, by india-rubber solution and being double are less
liable to expand and form convexions than the parts at X. These cells or convexions
are most conspicuous when the tyre is inflated and as the tyre is being ridden.
these protusions give way more easily under the weight of the rider than if the
tyre were one continuous circumferential surface like that of the ordinary tyre.
Figure 6. shows it attached to the cover of what is known as a detachable or
double tube tyre. O. is a loose material canvas or the like lying between bands of
tape or cord, D 1, D1, one layer under, and one layer over the said loose material.
Each drawing shewn is a portion of the endless band forming the detachable
Cover.
The loose material of canvass or the like forms an endless band similar to the
canvass portion of a Dunlop or other detachable tyre which to form my improved
construction lies inside the cross bands of tape or cord D' D' as shewn.
The
edges of the cover may be fastened to the rim in any approved manner and any
suitable india rubber or elastic outer covering used.
Now if this endless band or cover is fastened upon the rim by any approved
method with an inflatable elastic air proof chamber inside as is usual, upon being
inflated the inside pressure of air will stretch, the cross bands D¹ of tape or cord,
tightly over the arched surface of the tyre and the endless band of loose material
canvass or the like will stretch and be forced into convexions at O around the
tread of the tyre in a similar manner to those shewn at x in Fig. 5 and the same
results will be obtained in riding.
Figure 7. shews my easily repaired detachable tyre, attached to one form of
rim. F, shews the detachable cover, G, the flexible base, both shewn in section.
The section of the tyre and rim is shewn without the inflatable inner portion of
india rubber or elastic material which is usual. When this is added, either by
vulcanising a thin layer of elastic material onto the inner portion of the parts
shewn forming thereby what is known as a single tube pneumatic tyre; or by
inserting a loose inner chamber or air tube as it is commonly called forming it into
a detachable tyre so that the air proof chamber may be removed by disengaging
the interlocking wires and removing the arched portion, the action of inflation
forces the wires in the arched portion firmly against those in the base portion which

page_text: are held in position by the underlying rim. When the tyre is deflated the parts
are easily removed for the purpose of repair.
Figure 8. shews the parts of my improved rim. H. H. are metal tubes, K, the
metal plate to which the tubes are joined, forming the section L, which is afterwards
moulded to any desired shape, as may be required.
Figure 9. shews my improvements in the joints of the various parts of velocipedes.
M, are the star shaped holes, referred to, N shews points pressed down, with
elevation of same at O, and at P, a round hole is formed in the same manner
showing the elevation at R, which gives the better brazing surface referred to.
This method may be utilised whenever applicable, in any part of the velocipede.
S, shews it applied to the tube, forming what is known as the ball head. T. U, shews
the star shaped piece of metal referred to, T, flat, U bent, to form the cup or plug
to fill up the end of forks and tubes when required.
Figure 10. shows the holes opposite to each other, as in a plate fork crown V,
the teeth fitting into each other ax, forming when brazed together a complete tube
around the tube Y within.
Having now particularly described, and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. The construction of a foot-rest, having the part thereof bound together, &
upon the fork of the velocipede substantially as herein set forth.
2. The construction of a pneumatic tyre, single tube, or otherwise, having hollow
protrusions, or convections around the tread of the tyre, as & for the purpose
herein substantially set forth.
3. The construction of a pneumatic tyre, single tube or otherwise, formed of two
drums of some non extensile material, & rubber, having beaded edges, which
interlock when the tyre is inflated upon the rim substantially as set forth.
4. The construction of any required section rim from two tubes of metal & a
metal plate, substantially as herein set forth.
5. The forming of joints in the various parts of velocipedes, by the aid of teeth
formed from the plate of metal or tube to be joined thereto.
6. Forming cups or plugs, with teeth like sides for filling up insterstices in tubes
or plates in the various parts of velocipedes, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 4th May 1894.
FREDERICK WESTWOOD.