Improvements in rations.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 24th June, 1895-Accepted, 27th July, 1895
Improvements in rations.
We, JOHN ENOCH JONES, and WILLIAM SAMUEL JONES, trading together in
co-partnership as Enoch Jones and Sons, of 24 Doctor's Piece, Willenhall in the
County of Stafford, Padlock Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
his invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates firstly, to what are known as "Scandinavian" padlocks;
and secondly to that type of padlock which is provided with a shackle formed
In two parts which are each pivoted to the case and close together at their outer
ends.
A "Scandinavian" padlock constructed according to this invention is illustrated
by Figures 1 to 7, inclusive, of the drawings herewith. Of these
Figure 1 is a vertical section taken through the central plane of the lock when
locked;
Figure 2 is a transverse sectional plan taken at the level of line x x of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a transverse sectional plan taken at the level of the line y y of
Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a corresponding view to Figure 3, but shews the locking-piece as in
its unlocked position;
Figure 5 is a detached view of the underside of one of the locking-pieces;
Figure 6 is a view of the barrel hereinafter described; and
Figure 7 is a transverse section taken in line ¹¹ of Figure 6.
Figure 8 is a side elevation of a key adapted for use with the Scandinavian
padlock illustrated.
The shackle A, with the two legs a a having notches b for the engagement
therewith of the locking-pieces B is of the usual character, as is also the case C
and the spring D by which the plates E and locking-pieces B are caused to be
pressed against one another.
In Scandinavian padlocks" as usually constructed each locking-piece is divided
from the next by a plate which is so fitted within the case as to be prevented from
turning therein; and each locking-piece is fitted to turn within or around a part
of one of the adjacent plates, no other means of maintaining it in a central position
being provided. As the locking-pieces and plates have hitherto been made there
is no opportunity of varying the relative position of the parts and thus securing
diversity of the key's. And, moreover, the locks are liable to get out of order.
Now, according to this invention, the locking-pieces B (which are otherwise of
the usual character) may be made plain or flat at both their upper and lower
surfaces, and the plates É (which are, also, otherwise of the usual character) be
correspondingly formed with plain or flat surfaces, so that no portion of a locking-
piece fits around or within any portion of a plate. Any desired number of
locking-pieces B may therefore be interposed between any two of the plates E,
but the locking-pieces are not maintained in their central position by the plates.
This is effected by a barrel F which passes through the bottom of the case
and through all the plates E. In order to prevent the barrel from falling out
of the case it is formed with a head or projection d which bears against the
upper face of the innermost or top plate E. It is preferred to make such
plate thicker than the other plates, as shewn. The barrel F is formed with a
slot or opening through its side for the passage of the key bit... When the
barrel is made as shewn it turns with the key, but it may be formed with a

page_text: sufficiently wide slot or opening to allow of the axial movement of the key-bit,.
and be fixed in place so that it does not turn as the key is turned. The
barrel securely maintains the locking-pieces in their central position; and as
the locking-pieces are maintained in their endway position only by the plates E,
one, two or any desired number of locking-pieces may be placed between any
two of such plates, thus allowing for considerable variation in the keys. In
the key illustrated by Figure 8, the notched-in parts marked g are to clear the
plates E as the key is turned.
A subsidiary feature of this part of the invention consists in a peculiar formation
of the barrel F. The barrel as shewn consists simply of a piece of plain metal
pipe (such as brass pipe) with a slot cut along one side from end to end, and the
head d is formed by first cross-cutting the tube about half way through, as at h,.
and then opening out the portions i to enlarge the diameter of the pipe beyond the
cross-cut.
The second part of this invention is illustrated by Figures 9 and 10 of the
drawings herewith. Each figure represents an elevation of a padlock constructed
according to this part of the invention, the cap or outer plate of the case being
removed to expose the interior mechanism. In Figure 9 the lock is shewn as open,
and in Figure 10 it is shewn as closed or locked.
"
T
The shackle is formed in two parts G, each of which is pivoted to the case by a
"pink. The outer end of one of the parts G is formed with a 'tongue / which, as
the two parts of the shackle are closed together, enters a slot or notch m (indicated
by broken lines only) formed in the outer end of the other part G of the shackle.
The lower ends n of the parts 'G project below 'the pins k'and their opposite faces o
are inclined towards one another upwards when the shackle is closed, as shewn by
"Figure 10, forming between them a V-shaped space. A screw-pusher H, having a
screwed stem p and a conical or similarly-shaped head q, has its stem screwed
through a cross-piece J fixed within the case. The lower end s of the stem is
formed of any suitable shape for engagement with a key which is inserted into the
case, through a hole t formed in the bottom "thereof, and the pusher may thus be
screwed up, by means of the key, to force the head between the inclined sides of
the downward extensions n of the parts G which together form the shackle, and
thus close in and lock the outer ends of such parts G; and the pusher may be
similarly unscrewed to allow the shackle to be opened. The lower inner corners
of the downward extensions n are slanted' off, as shewn at rr, so that when the
shackle is open, as shewn by Figure 9, the nose of the head of the pusher will
enter the V-shaped space thus formed as the pusher is screwed up, and thus, as it
is continued to be screwed up, 'cause the initial movement of the parts G in closing.
The pusher head as it continues to advance enters between the inclined faces o 'and
completes the closing of the shac
shackle.
21 of
$
g
Figure 11 shews a lower end view of the pusher H according to one form in
which it may be conveniently made. In this illustration the end of the stem is
shewn to be shaped as a cross of which the portion a running in one direction
is shewn as much thicker than the portion b' 'running in a direction at right-angles
thereto. The end of the key is of course made to suit. The ends of the stems may,
however, be made to vary in shape considerably for the sake of variety 'in the keys
"and the greater security thereby obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the hature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
'claim is :-
A
1.In, a Scandinavian, padlock, locking-pieces fitted around a central stem
by which they are maintained in their central position, substantially as described.
2. In a Scandinavian padlock, the combination of a central barrel or stem (such
as F) formed with a passage way for the key bit, with locking-pieces (such as B)
fitting therearound and supported thereby in their central position, substantially as
described.

page_text: 3. In a Scandinavian padlock, the combination of a central barrel or stem (such
as F) formed with a passage way for the key-bit and fitted to be turned by the.
key, in combination with locking-pieces (such as B) fitting therearound and
supported thereby in their central position, substantially as described.
4. In a Scandinavian padlock, the use of a central barrel or stem (such as F)
consisting of a piece of plain metal pipe slotted for the passage of the key-bit and
its inner end opened out beyond a cross-cut portion thereof to form a head,.
substantially as described.
5. A Scandinavian padlock constructed substantially as described and shewn by
the drawings herewith.
6. In a padlock, the combination of a shackle formed in two separate parts
which are each pivoted to the case, with a pusher which is forced up between
the lower ends of such parts to close together and lock the shackle, substantially
as described.
7. In a padlock, the combination of a shackle formed in two separate parts each.
of which is pivoted to the case and has an extension inwards or downwards from its
pivot axis, with a screwed pusher provided with a conical or similarly-shaped head
which as the pusher is screwed up by means of a key is forced in between inclined
surfaces of such extensions and thus closes in and locks the shackle, substantially
as described.
8. A padlock constructed and operated substantially as described and shewn by
Figures 9 and 10 of the drawings herewith.
Dated this 21st day of June 1895.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicants.