Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles and other Vehicles.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Nov., 1893.
Complete Specification Left, 13th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 15th Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
.Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles
and other Vehicles.
I, ALEXANDER BLACK, of 40 Cleghorn Street, Dundee, in the County of Forfar,
Scotland, Tyre Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention comprises various improvements in methods of securing the
covers of pneumatic elastic tyres to the rims of wheels for cycles and other
vehicles.
In one modification each side of the cover is held firmly in contact with the
rim by means of two wire bands, to which such cover is attached, these -
bands being lapped round the external surface of the rim. Where the joint
or coupling is, is a strong metal bridge whose extremities are bent to receive
the ends of the wires. One wire is passed through a hole in one extremity of
the bridge until a head formed on its end bears against such bridge, the other
end coming out of the cover near its opposite side. A similar wire is placed in
position but in the opposite direction through the other extremity of the bridge and
the two ends of such bands are then coupled together in any suitable manner, the
coupling being situated at the bridge. I sometimes make the bridge of such a
form that the coupling is received in a recess therein.
In a second modification I, employ a single band to fasten each side of the cover
to the rim. One extremity and a point near the other extremity of each band are
hinged or jointed to a lever so designed that when it is placed in line with the band
such joints overlap somewhat, the combination forming a continuous hoop of the
required diameter. Again if the lever be turned back about 180° the joints of the
wire are as far apart as they previously overlapped and therefore the hoop is larger
in diameter and the cover cau be readily taken off. The lever is provided with a
series of adjusting holes in order that the amount of overlapping may be modified if
required. The extremity of the wire beyond one of the joints is used to keep down
the cover where such lever is and where the other extremity protrudes. In some
cases I place the lever wholly within the case for holding the wire or within the
and employ a handle outside such cover to operate it.
cover,
In a third modification each band overlaps, and one extremity protrudes from the
canvas, the other being used to keep the cover close to the rim. On such band
is fixed a circular disc provided with a slicket, in which is received the protruding
end of the wire, on which is screwed an adjustable stop or ball which keeps the wire
from slipping when in the slicket. In this manner the hoop may be drawn tight
and coupled to form a continuous ring. The end of the wire which is employed to
support the cover as described in the second and third modifications may terminate
in a short tube or loop through which the moveable end passes, the other end being
preferably fixed to the canvas.
In a fourth modification a double ended screw coupling is employed in
combination with a bridge whose extremities are passed through the wheel rim and
held there by suitable means, thus keeping the cover close to it at that point.
Another improvement consists in simplifying the construction of the air valve by
employing a disc of soft india rubber as or in connection with the valve. It is
provided with a small hole, so designed that when the rubber is uncompressed, air
can pass freely, but when compressed none such can pass.
Dated this 9th day of November 1893.
GEO. C. DOUGLAS & Co.,
41, Reform Street, Dundee, Agents for Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles
and other Vehicles.
I, ALEXANDER BLACK, Sometime of 40 Cleghorn Street, Dundee, in the County
of Forfar, but now of 59 North Frederick Street, Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, Scotland, Tyre Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:.
This invention comprises various improvements in methods of securing the
covers of pneumatic elastic tyres to the rims of wheels, for cycles and other
vehicles.
lu order that my invention may be properly understood and readily carried into
effect, I have hereunto appended two explanatory sheets of drawings, in the several
figures of which, corresponding parts are marked with the same numerals of
reference.
.!
Figure 1. (Sheet 1.) illustrates one method of securing a tyre to its rim.
Figures 2. and 3. (Sheet 1.) illustrate another method; and Figures 4. to 12.
(Sheet 2.) illustrate still other modifications for attaining the same end.
Figures 13. to 21. show in detail an air valve for use in connection with pneumatic
tyres.
In one modification each side of the cover is held firmly in contact with the rim
by means of two wire bands 30. and 31, to which such cover is attached-as shewn
in Figure 1. (Sheet 1.)-these bands being lapped round the external surface of
the rim.
Where the joint or coupling 32. is, is a strong metal bridge 33, whose
extremities are bent to receive the extremities of the wires. One wire-say 30.
is passed through a hole in one extremity of the bridge until a head 34. formed on
its end bears against such bridge, the other end coming out of the cover at 35. near
its opposite side. A similar wire 31. is placed in position, but in the opposite
direction through the other extremity of the bridge and the two ends of such bands
are then coupled together in any suitable manner, the coupling being situated at
the bridge 33. The coupling prefer to use is of the known link type, as
shewn.
ز
In a second modification, as illustrated by Figures 2. and 3. (Sheet 1.) I employ
a single band 36. to fasten each side of the cover to the rim. One extremity 37.
and a point 38. near the other extremity of each band are hinged or jointed to a'
lever 39. so designed that when it is placed in line with the band-as shewn in
Figure 2.-such joints overlap somewhat, the combination forming a continuous
hoop of the required diameter. Again if the lever be turned back about 180°
Figure 3. showing such lever partially turned back-the joints of the wire are as
far apart as they previously overlapped, and therefore the hoop is larger in diameter
and the cover can be readily taken off in the known way. The lever is provided
with a series of adjusting holes 40, in order that the amount of overlapping may be
modified if required. The extremity of the wire 41. beyond one of the joints 38. is
used to keep down the cover where such lever is and where the other extremity'
protrudes; a guide 53. being employed to support such parts. In some cases
place the lever wholly within the case for holding the wire, or within the cover,
and employ a handle outside such cover to operate it. These modifications are
illustrated by Figures 4. 5. 6. and 7. (Sheet 2.). Figure 4. shows the wire 36.
within the case of the cover, the lever 39. being outside. Figure 5. is another view
of such showing the coupling arrangement before it is inserted in the case of the
cover.

page_text: Figure 6. shows the wire 36. within the case of the cover, the one extremity only
protruding and coupled to the link 42; the lever 39. being wholly within the cover,
that is to say between the air tube and the cover.
Figure 7. is another view of such showing the coupling arrangement before it is
inserted in the case of the cover.
In a third modification, as illustrated by Figures 8. 9. 10. 11. and 12. (Sheet 2),
each band 43. overlaps, and one extremity 44. protrudes from the canvas, the
other 45. being used to keep the cover close to the rim. On such band is fixed a
circular disc or button 46. provided with a slicket or hole 47. in which is received
the protruding end of the wire 44, on which is screwed an adjustable stop or ball 48.
which keeps the wire from slipping when in the slicket or hole 47. In this manner
the hoop may be drawn tight and coupled to form a continuous ring. The end of
the wire 45. which is employed to support the cover may terminate in a short tube
or loop 49. through which the moveable end passes, the other end being preferably
fixed to the canvas. The adjustable stop or ball 48. may be used in two ways,
namely, if the disc or button 46. be provided with a slicket as shewn in Figure 11.
then such stop 48. need not be adjusted after the first time, but by simply pulling it
away from the button 46. after the tyre has been deflated the wire band can be
readily taken out of such slicket and the cover removed, or if the button 46. has a
hole through it, as shewn in Figure 12. then the diameter of the wire band or hoop
may be modified by screwing or unscrewing such stop 48.
Another improvement, as illustrated by Figures 13. to 21. (Sheet 2.) consists in
simplifying the construction of the air valve Figure 17. by employing a disc 50.
of soft india rubber as, or in connection with the valve. It is provided with a
small hole 51. so designed that when the rubber is uncompressed air can pass freely,
but when compressed by means of the nut 52. none such can pass. The other
details of such valve are somewhat similar to those of well known types and
therefore need not be referred to in detail.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be particularly
understood that I do not limit myself to the precise details of construction herein before
described and illustrated on the annexed drawings, but that I hold myself free to
make such changes and alterations as conform with the disposition and scope of my
invention. I also wish it to be understood that I am aware of bridges, and levers
attached to or incorporated with rims having been used before, and I lay no claim
at large to the use of such but, I declare that what I claim is :-
(1.) The mode of attaching a pneumatic tyre to its rim, substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by Figure 1, the combination consisting of a wheel
rim, a cover provided with two bands on each side of same, a bridge and a
coupling.
(2.) The mode of attaching a pneumatic tyre to its rim, substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by Figures 2. and 3, the combination consisting of
a wheel rim, a cover provided with one band on each side, a lever hinged to such
band and a button or guide.
(3.) The use of such levers as 37. or 39. (Figures 3. 4. 5. 6. and 7.) in combination
with wire bands, substantially as described.
(4.) The mode of adjusting the diameter of the wire bands by means of levers
wholly within the case of the cover and actuated by handles outside, substantially
as described and illustrated by Figures 2. 3. 4. and 5.
(5.) The mode of adjusting the diameter of the wire bands by means of levers
wholly within the cover, substantially as described and illustrated by Figures 6.
and 7.
(6.) The mode of attaching a pneumatic tyre to its rim, substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by Figures 8. to 12; the combination consisting
of a wheel rim, a cover provided with one band on each side, a disc or button
provided with a slicket or hole, an adjustable stop or ball and a tube or loop.

page_text: (7.) In air valves for pneumatic tyres, the use of a rubber disc having a hole
through it, substantially as and for the purpose as set forth.
Dated this 11th day of August 1894.
GEO. C. DOUGLAS & Co.,
41, Reform Street, Dundee, Agents for Applicant.