CERTAIN IMPROVED MODES OF PREPARING AND COMBINING VARIOUS MATERIALS, WHEREBY THE MOULDING OR FORMING BLOCKS, CASTS, WALLS, OR OTHER AGGREGATES IN THOSE SAID MATERIALS MAY BE CONSIDERABLY EXPEDITED, BEING IMPROVEMENTS ON A PATENT GRANTED TO ME FOR RANGER'S ARTIFICIAL STONE
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
RANGER, of Great Deans Yard, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by Elis Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourth day of December, in the fifth year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said William
Ranger, Ilis especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said William Ranger, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said William Ranger, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVED MODES OF PREPARING AND COMBINING VARIOUS
MATERIALS, WHEREBY THE MOULDING OR FORMING BLOCKS, CASTS, WALLS, OR OTHER
AGGREGATES IN THOSE SAID MATERIALS MAY BE CONSIDERABLY EXPEDITED, BEING
IMPROVEMENTS ON A PATENT GRANTED TO ME FOR RANGER'S ARTIFICIAL STONE';" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said William
Ranger, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in

page_text: and by the same, reference being thereunto nau, win more fully and at fo
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Ranger, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the
following description thereof (that is to say):-
In my said former Patent I have employed hot water as a means of speedily
bringing on the crystallization of the lime. I have, however, since then found
by experience that by heating the siliceous or other materials also, that the said
cystallizing or concreting action is very materially expedited, encreased, or
facilitated. This I effect either by placing the said materials upon an iron
plate, with flues underneath it somewhat in the manner of the chemist's sand
bath, or by any other of the well-known methods of accomplishing the said
objects. I have also found that in order the better to ensure the uniform
compactness or solidity of my artificial stone it is advisable not only to enclose
it in boxes or moulds closed at the bottom and on all sides, but also at the
top, and secured firmly by means of binding screws, or other proper means,
and whereby I can likewise change the position of the said boxes or moulds
whilst the enclosed materials are in the act of crystallizing or concreting.
It is also necessary that the lime should be in its most perfect or caustic
state, or be as much as possible deprived of its carbonic acid. Things being
in this state, in order to consolidate walls or other aggregates not capable of
being changed in their position whilst forming them, besides enclosing their
sides, fronts, or ends in wooden coffers or frames firmly bound together by
screw bolts, with screw nuts passing through the materials as well as
externally also, I cover them with loose planks heavily loaded with weights,
distributed uniformly over or along them, so that they may keep up a constant
pressure during the solidifying of the said materials. And in order to render
my description more intelligible I shall proceed to explain the several
Figures contained in the Drawings, which, as aforesaid, are annexed to this
Specification.
In Drawing No. 1, Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 an end elevation,
and Figure 3 a plan of a box or mould for making blocks of my artificial
stone by compression, Figure 4 being a section through it. In all these
Figures the same letters of reference indicate the similar parts. A, A, are
iron screw bolts with nuts to secure the sides of the box or mould in their
places, and B is the top of the box or mould, fitted to the interior of it, as
shewn in the section Figure 4, and pressed down repeatedly, after the mould

page_text: is filled with the heated materials to form the blocks of artificial stone, in
order to compress them by means of the screw bolts and nuts C, C, C, C.
In Drawing No. 2, Figure 5 is a side elevation, Figure 6 an end elevation,
and Figure 7 a plan of another box or mould for making the capital of a
fluted Doric column by compression, A, A, being the iron screw bolts and nuts
to hold the sides and ends of the box or mould together, and C, C, C, C, the
compressing screw bolts and nuts, by turning the latter of which from time
to time the top of the box or mould B is forced down upon the heated
materials with which the box or mould is filled, as shewn in the section
Figure 8, Figure 9 exhibiting in another section the top B as being forced
down upon the compressed artificial stone thus moulded. Similar provisions
for compressing the casts of my artificial stone, whilst forming or moulding
them, are likewise to be made, whatever may be their various forms or shapes,
enough being herein shewn and described to enable or qualify any competent
or duly informed person to carry my said improvements into effect.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Ranger, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five.