Improvements in Throstle or other Spinning and Twisting Frames.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Aug., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 21st Mar., 1890 -Accepted, 5th July, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by AUGUSTIN VIMONT, of 70, rue de Rivoli, Paris,
France, Gentleman.]
Improvements in Throstle or other Spinning and Twisting Frames.
1, ERNEST DE PASS, of 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow of the
Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to throstle or other spinning and twisting frames, specially
for the weft, and in which I can obtain a speed, for the spindles of 7,000 revolutions
at the minimum, as now exacted, without the risk of increasing the breakage of
the threads; the arrangements hereinafter described render these breakages very
rare.
Driving the Spindles. Instead of the gearing by cords, or by wheel gear, I now.
employ endless belts driven by horizontal drums arranged in a straight line.
According to one arrangement the diameter of these drums is twice the distance
between the spindles, but any other arrangement may be adopted which would
permit of giving to the machine a different width; for instance by placing two rows
of drums, instead of one, in the same plane, or in superposed planes which would lead
to changes in the width of the strap or the thickness of the drum. Each drum
actuates four spindles, two on each edge (or side) of the machine. The belt passes
over the head drum, and over the tail drum which serves as an automatic tension
drum by means of a chain tightened by a counterweight. The axis of this tail drum
is mounted on a plate sliding in a horizontal path. This belt passes between the
drums and the wharves of the spindles so that it assumes a slightly undulated form.
I thus constitute a series of distinct elements which may be juxtaposed without
inconveniencing or diminishing the action of the belt or strap,byincreasing its length
and its work. Each element added, which will require of this belt an additional
The head drum and
work, furnishes it at the same time with an additional power.
the horizontal ones above mentioned are mounted on vertical shafts actuated by
bevel gear meshing with toothed pinions on the motor shaft which runs along the
machine..
Spindles. Any system of spindles may be employed with this throstle frame.
Grooved rollers. The grooved rollers are brought nearer together in order that the
threads descending therefrom to the spindles may have a vertical direction.
These grooved rollers are driven by a crossed strap or belt, passing over reversed
speed-cones so that the speed of the rollers may be lessened at the commencement of
the take up (levée) (or formation of the bobbin) and impart to the thread the
difference of twist arising from the winding on to a small diameter and to thus
facilitate the starting without breakage of the thread.
Winding-on flyer. This flyer has for its object to diminish the tension borne by
the thread with the travellers generally adopted in ring and traveller frames and to
thus avoid the breakage of the thread.
It consists of a slightly rounded narrow metal blade terniinating on one side in a
fork and on the other in a horizontal pallet or wing. The blade is vertical and has
a shoulder which rests on the inner edge of the ring of the annular box during the
working. One of the limbs of the fork (said fork being vertical) engages between
the two plates of the annular box and the other remains above the upper plate so as to
At the opposite
serve as a guide to the thread which winds itself around said limb.
extremity is what I call the centrifugal force annuller, it is the horizontal pallet or
wing which is entirely shut in or enclosed, during the working in the annular box,
and by which means it is compelled to turn in a true horizontal plane. This so-called

page_text: annuller has for its object to entirely annul the action of the centrifugal force on the
thread-guide fork in order that said fork shall remain always applied upon the
generatrix of the cone of the bobbin when the strands of cotton already twisted and
taken quite near their winding point shall drive, without difficulty, the flyer in the
rotary movement whatever may be the speed thereof.
I thus obtain well made and very compact bobbins notwithstanding the very little
torsion of the thread.
This annulling flyer as above described may be used for other purposes tlian for
the throstle frame for the weft.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Throstle or other Spinning and Twisting Machines.
1, ERNEST DE Pass, formerly of No. 68, but now of No. 78, Fleet Street, in the
City of London, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the
nature of this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say:-
This invention relates to throstle or other spinning and twisting frames, for
spinningcotton and other filamentous materials, but more especiallyfor spinningweft,
whereby I can obtain a minimum speed for the spindles of 7,000 revolutions, as now
required, breakages becoming very rare even with slack yarn or thread, and that by
reason of the arrangements about to be described.
To spin weft on a throstle frame there must be employed,-1st an absolutely equal
and uniform driving of all the spindles; 2nd arrangements for compensating any-
thing tending to diminish the theoretical torsion of the yarn or thread, and 3rd, a
traveller, for the driving of which the yarn or thread must have sufficient strength.
By my invention I fulfil the above conditions in the following manner, reference
being had to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section illustrating my
invention applied to a throstle frame.
Fig. 3 is a plan showing the means I employ for driving the spindles.
Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively a vertical section and plan shewing the traveller,and
Fig. 6 shews the same detached.
Fig. is a view shewing the means for readily disengaging the framework beneath
the fluted or grooved rollers.
may
The driving of the spindles by cords not giving to them, in practice, uniformity of
speed, I now effect the uniform driving of such spindles by the arrangement shewn
in Figs. I and 3, which consists in the use of an endless strap or belt actuated by
horizontal drums a, b, c, arranged in the same straight line or horizontal plane. In
a preferred arrangement, the diameter of these drums is equal to twice the distance
between the spindles, but any other arrangement of the drums may be employed
which would permit of the machine having a different width, for instance
place two rows of drums instead of one, in the same plane, or I may arrange them in
superposed planes which would thus necessitate an alteration in the width of the belt
or in that of the drums. Each of the drums a, b, c, drives four spindles, two of which
are situated on each side of the machine. The drum a drives the spindles 1, 2, 3, 4.
These drums are mounted on vertical shafts receiving their motion from bevil
pinions h, i, j, k, gearing with bevil wheels 7, m, n, o, carried by the driving shaft P
which extends horizontally along the machine.
The endless strap or belt passes around the head drum A, and around the tail
drum B, which serves as an automatic stretcher by means of a chain e held in tension
by a counter-weight f. The axis of this tail drum is mounted on a plate or carrier

page_text: sliding in a horizontal groove g. The said strap or belt embraces the two drums A
and and passes between the other drums and the wharves of the spindles
whereby it assumes a slightly undulated form in order to obtain sufficient adhesion
either on the drums a, b, c, which communicate motion to it, or upon the wharves of
the spindles, which, in their turn, must receive their motion therefrom. I thus con-
stitute a series of distinct elementswhich may be juxtaposed without interferingwith,
or diminishing the action of the strap or belt, even if its length or work be increased,
for each element added, and requiring of the strap or belt additional work, will furnish
it with additional power.
This driving by the endless strap or belt, not being effected by one pulley, as with
ordinary straps, but by several pulleys situated at suitable distances apart along its
line of travel, as above stated, constitutes one of the chief merits of the invention,
and its great novelty. It ensures the regular working of the strap or belt and of the
spindles, and permits of employing in the frame any desired number of spindles
without fear of inconveniencing the action of the belt. At the same time it con-
siderably diminishes the width of the frame and consequently the space occupied by
it; likewise the cost of construction,-two things which effect real improvement.
The drums, being pressed by the strap or belt on the two opposite faces, liave thus a
balanced or equalized movement. The tension on the wharves of the spindles, and
consequently the force absorbed, is much less. There is no longer any stoppage, by
reason of the breakages of cords, and each spindle may be readily stopped by the
attendant simply raising it above the strap or belt.
I arrange the grooved or fluted rollers C, C, (Figs. 1 and 2) nearer together so that
the yarn or threads descending therefrom to the spindles may havea vertical direction,
in order to compensate for the difference of torsion arising from the winding of the
thread or yaru on to a small diameter, and thus to facilitate the starting of the
machines without breakage of the threads, and the good working of the end of the
cop in weaving. These grooved or fluted rollers are driven by the strap or belt X
passing around reversed speed cones 7 and r, whereby the speed of the grooved or
Hluted rollers is diminished at the commencement of the take up, "levée, or formation
of the bobbin or cop. The grooved rollers then automatically resume their ordinary
speed. The means for diminishing and then automatically causing the rollers to
resume their ordinary speed are shewn in Figs. 1 and 18 (Sheet 2). The revolution of
the spindles being invariable it is necessary for increasing the torsion at the commence-
ment of the take up ("levée") to diminish at this moment the length of yarn delivered
by the grooved rollers in the unit of time, that is to say, to give to these grooved
rollers a speed slower than that which they will afterwards have when the bottom of
the cop has been formed up to the end of the take up ("levée ").
This result is attained as follows:-Motion is transmitted from the motor shaft P
to the grooved rollers C by the two reversed speed cones and and the strap X.
This strap is guided by the fork F. connected by means of the levers Q. Q', to the
square rod K which slides in the guides. fixed to the framework. This square rod
carries, at its lower part, a rack with which engage the ends of the two pawls L
and L. The pawi 1 is fixed at R to the framework, and the pawl L' is attached
at S to the lever M of the copping-rail, and which lever, as is known, has a rising
and falling movement at each layer, or winding, of yarn wound upon the cop.
Therefore at each layer of yarn the pawl L' raises the rack one tooth and the pawl L
then sustains this rack until the following movement. Thus by reason of the rod K.
the levers Q, Q', and the fork F, the strap X is shifted along the two cones 7 and r.
At the commencement of the take up this strap is on the diameters d, e, d', e¹, corre-
sponding to the slowest speed of the grooved rollers: it advances little by little
towards e, f, e¹. f, thus giving to the grooved rollers Ca speed increasing in
proportion as the bottom of the cop is formed. It is stopped at e, f, e, f, as the
pawl L, encountering no more teeth in the rack 0, no longer actuates the rod K: the
working speed thus becomes constant.
A bar Fig. 18 permits the two levers to engage with the rack O at the same

page_text: time, for the commencement of the following take up.
The rod K then falls back,
by gravity, to the distance necessary for the strap X to return to d, e, d, e¹.
A similar compensating movement may be effected for each layer or winding of
the yarn from the base to the point of the cone of the cop, but in practice this is not
necessary.
I so construct the traveller that the portion thereof acting as a guide to the winding
on of the yarn or thread shall not be subjected to the action of centrifugal force and
that the point where the yarn or thread acts on this traveller to drive it shall be
situated very close to the point of winding of the yarn or thread on to the bobbin.
This traveller shewn by Figs. 4, 5, and 6, consists of two principal parts, viz.:-
the forks and the annulling pallet or wing t connected together by the web or blade u
which is bent according to the curve of the annular box or ring y.
The forks remains vertical during working, and one of its limbs lies between the
two plates of the annular box or ring y, whilst the other remains above the upper
plate in order to guide the yarn or thread on to the spindle. The web or blade is
in the same plane as the fork and its shoulder takes up its fulcrum on the inner
edge of the annular box or ring y during working and so serves as a pivot for the
traveller. The pallet or wing forming the compensator of centrifugal force moves
in a horizontal plane between the two plates of the annular box or ring y which com-
pletely enclose it. During working, the centrifugal force, acting on the traveller.
causes the pallet or wing to keep the fork always in contact with the generatrix of
the bobbin or cop, no matter whether it be of large or small diameter, and the strands
of cotton, already twisted and taken quite near from this point of winding, offer
considerable resistance to breakage and easily rotate the traveller whatever may be its
speed.
A very slight twist may, therefore, be given to the yarn or thread and yet a
well made and compact cop or bobbin can be obtained. Any system or construc-
tion of spindles may be employed in this machine.
To readily disengage the framework beneath the grooved or fluted rollers, I
employ a special pressure actuated from above by means of springs s, s¹, and
levers, these latter having their fulera situated on the fixed bars t, t, attached
to the framework of the machine. This arrangement, which is shewn in Fig. 7,
has been found to give satisfactory results.
The oiling of the annular boxes or rings y during working may, if desired, be
effected automatically in any suitable manner. This annular box may be closed or
open on its circumference.
The above described arrangement for driving the spindles is applicable to all
spinning machines, whether continuous or intermittent.
The compensating traveller described above may also be used in spinning
machines other than throstle frames for producing weft.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim as constituting the
improvements in throstle or other spinning and twisting frames, and as commu-
nicated to me by my foreign correspondent:-
1. The mode of driving the spindles by means of an endless strap or beli h
(instead of by cords), receiving additional motive power for each additional series of
spindles to be driven by it, so that said strap or belt will drive a large number of
spindles with the same facility as it will drive four only, substantially as described.
2. The driving of the grooved or fluted rollers C by means of a strap or belt
passing over two reversed speed cones for the purpose of diminishing the speed
of said rollers at the commencement of spinning, until the bottom of the cop has
attained a certain thickness, and for compensating the difference of torsion arising
from the winding of the yarn or thread onto a small diameter, substantially as
described.
3. The construction of the traveller for annulling the centrifugal force so that

page_text: during working that portion of the traveller, which guides the yarn or thread,
always remains against the generatrix of the cone of the bobbin or cop, thus per-
mitting even very slightly twisted yarn or thread to drive the traveller without
becoming broken, substantially as described.
4. Throstle or other spinning or twisting frames, constructed, arranged, and
operating substantially as herein before described and shewn.