IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING OVENS AND KILNS USED IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CHINA, BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
HEATH the younger, of Kidsgrove, in the Parish of Wolstanton, in the County.
of Stafford, Coal Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twelfth day of December, in the cighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Robert Heath, Her special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Robert Heath, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, or such others as
I, the said Robert Heath, my exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING OVENS AND KILNS USED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CHINA, BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Robert Heath,
should cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Robert Heath, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon (that is
to say):-
Figure 1 represents the exterior elevation of an oven or kiln having my
improvements applied thereto, such oven or kiln being in other respects similar
to those heretofore used in the manufacture of china, bricks, tiles, and other
articles of earthenware. Figure 2 represents a vertical section of the same
oven taken just above the fire bars marked K, K, in Figures 1, 2, and 3; and
Figure 3 shews the ground plan or base of the oven or kiln taken horizontally
on the level of the fire bars.
My first improvement consists in causing the wall in Figure 2, marked
A, A, to batter or incline at its lower part, so as to allow the inner dwarf
wall F, F to form an open flue G, G, all round the interior of the oven or kiln,
thereby increasing its capacity and at the same time affording means of con-
structing the supports from the outside wall of the oven marked X, X, X, to
the bungs or tiers of saggers marked N, whereby the same are steadied and
prevented from reeling during the process of firing and great loss in breakage
prevented.
My second improvement consists in so constructing the furnaces or fire-
places that the oven or kiln is heated at the bottom and inside the exterior
wall of the oven or kiln, and in bringing such furnaces or fire-piaces (which
are constructed beneath the level of the floor of the oven or kiln) more nearly
to the centre thereof, and thereby economising heat and saving fuel, and at the
same time heating the oven or kiln more uniformly than those heated by the
methods in ordinary use. It will be seen by reference to Figure 2, that the
flue marked C, C, is carried from the furnaces or fire-places under the bottom
of the kiln or oven to the centre vent or opening used in ovens of ordinary
construction marked E; or it may be carried to any other vents or openings
in the floor of the oven which may be required for regulating the heat or other
purposes. The furnaces or fire-places are fed at the mouths H, H; and I, I,
are the ash holes; the letters K, K, represent the fire bars of the furnaces
or fire-places, and the letters N, N, represent the saggars containing the
articles to be fired; the letter L in Figure 1 shews the entrance to the. inside
of the kiln or oven which is walled up in the ordinary way during the process
of firing. The Drawings shew the manner of constructing the various details
of my Invention, by which a workman will readily be enabled to build an oven

page_text: or kiln according to my Invention; and although I believe the means shewn
to be the best for the purpose, yet I do not confine myself to the precise details
so long as the peculiar character of either part of my said Invention is
retained.
. But what I claim is, first, the mode of constructing ovens or kilns used as
aforesaid by inclining the wall A, A, or making it batter at its lower part, so
as to allow. the inner dwarf wall F, F; to form the open flue G, G, round the
interior of the oven or kiln in such manner as to heat it more effectually, and
afford the means of constructing the supports X, X, X, to the bungs or tiers
of saggars marked N, as before specified.
And, secondly, I claim the mode of constructing ovens and kilns used as
aforesaid, by introducing the furnaces or fire-places whereby the oven or kiln
is heated at the bottom and in the inside of the exterior wall of the oven or
kiln, thereby bringing such furnaces or fire-places more nearly to the centre of
the oven or kiln, as herein-before described, and equalizing the heat more
completely.
And such my Invention being to the best of my knowledge and belief
entirely new, and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her said
Dominion of Wales or Town of Berwick upon Tweed, I do hereby declare this
to be my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said
Specification doth comply in all respects fully and without reserve or disguise
with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent
contained. Wherefore I hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and
privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Heath, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Second day of April, in the year
of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid Robert Heath the younger came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and everything therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
Enrolled the Ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-five.