Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 24th June, 1887
Complete Left, 24th Apr., 1888
Complete Accepted, 23rd June, 1888
1, JOHN STEWART WALLACE of Cliftonville Avenue, Belfast, in the County of
Antrim, Ireland, Timber Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows
My invention relates to type-writing machines and is designed to provide various
improvements the nature of which is hereinafter set forth.
The chief object of the said invention is the production of a machine which will
be thoroughly efficient and capable of being rapidly worked but which can be
constructed at considerably less cost than is the case with really efficient machines as
heretofore made.
A very important feature of my invention is that different styles or kinds of type
may be readily printed in the same line if required. as the work proceeds; for
instance, if it is desired to print any words in italics or in larger or more distinct and
striking characters than those which are employed for the ordinary part of the matter
being produced this can be done with the utmost facility by simply operating a lever
or other part which shifts the type and when the desired words in italics or otherwise
have been printed the ordinary type can be as readily replaced so that the printing in
ordinary characters may be continued.
Another feature of my invention consists in the fact that I am able to print in inks
of different colours as the work proceeds without unmounting any parts of the apparatus
or making elaborate change as would be required in any of the machines heretofore
used with which I am acquainted.
I will now describe the manner in which my said invention is carried into practice
that is to say :-
I provide a frame consisting of two parallel metallic or other rods or bars united
at their ends by cross pieces which hold them together firmly and rigidly in rectangular
form and if desirable additional cross pieces may be employed at intervals along the
rods or bars. This frame which is pivotted at each end in suitable bearings in the

page_text: frame work of the machine is of such length that it will extend completely over
the ends of a series of keys each one of which represents one of the letters or
characters to be printed that is to say, the operation of each key causes one letter or
character to be printed these keys being arranged side by side somewhat in the
manner in which the keys of a pianoforte are placed. The said keys are pivotted in
suitable supports so that upon being depressed by the fingers of the operator the part
beyond the pivot will rise and any key so operated will strike one bar of the aforesaid
frame and nove it to a greater or less degree. Above this longitudinal frame there
is a rod or bar supported in a bearing at each end so that it may freely turn therein
and upon this rod or bar I place type wheels or discs the type being arranged upon
the periphery of the said wheels or discs I provide as many of these type-wheels as
there are different kinds or styles of type to be used in the machine and this number
may obviously be varied according to requirements. Each type wheel is connected
by a rod or rods to one bar of the longitudinal frame below the same so that any
motion imparted to the said frame will also be imparted to the type wheels. The
latter are so placed upon the type wheel bar that they are capable of sliding longi-
tudinally thereon in order that each wheel may be brought into the position for
printing whenever required, by means of a lever or other device conveniently situated
to be operated. Although I have stated that each wheel is designed to have upon its
periphery only one kind of type I may in some instances provide type wheels which
will carry two or more styles of type upon a band or ring encircling the wheel which
band may be shifted around the wheel to bring the particular type required at any
time into the required position.
In order that the simple depression of each lever or key shall bring the type wheel
into the required position for the letter or character which such key represents, to be
printed the end of each key is so shaped that whatever position the type wheel may
occupy the key will cause it to rotate just the required distance and in the right
direction to bring the proper character to the point where the impression is made.
To effect this object the said keys are provided with openings or recesses into which
the bars of the frame fall so that the solid portion of the key or lever will raise one
or other of the two rods just far enough and no farther, than is necessary to bring
the proper character into the position for printing. Each key is specially formed
with a solid portion and a cutaway or recessed portion so that the desired effect is
certain to be obtained under all circumstances. By means of this arrangement I
obviate the necessity for using springs or other appliances to bring the type wheel
back into any prearranged position after each impression and the operation is therefore
very simple and not at all liable to get out of order.
The impression is made by means of a hammer attached to a frame or lever which
is operated by suitable connections when any one of the keys or levers is depressed.
The paper is arranged to occupy a position opposite the type-wheel which is covered
at this point by a shield having an aperture through which one letter or character
projects. At each operation the paper is pressed against an ink ribbon which is
forced upon the type and so the impression is made. Instead of an ink ribbon I may
in some cases cause the type to be inked by an ink roller.
In order to lock the type wheel in the position for printing at each impression
I provide teeth upon one side of the wheel and a catch or spur upon the shield this
catch or spur is at each operation pressed into one of the depressions between the
teeth on the type wheel and thus the latter is held firmly while the impression is
made.
In order to be able to print in two or more colors I provide separate ink ribbons
each one containing ink of a different color and these ribbons are so mounted and
arranged that by the movement of a lever or other appliance any one thereof may be
brought into proper alignment with respect to the type and the one which was in this
position previously may be displaced.
The paper may be caused to travel in the desired manner by any suitable mechanism
which it is not necessary to describe herein.

page_text: It has been hereinbefore stated that the type wheels are placed in connection with
one bar of the longitudinal frame by means of a connecting rod but I desire it to
be understood that I may in some cases secure the type wheels directly upon these
bars in which case the saii wheels will occupy a lower position in the machine.
It will be obvious that any of the ordinary appliances usually employed in connection
with type writing machines such as bells, spacing mechanism, and the like, may be
applied to my improved machine.
In some cases I provide a web or roll of paper coiled upon a drum or reel, which
paper will be used for printing upon instead of using separate sheets. As the printing
proceeds, the paper will, or may, pass to another reel and may be detached therefrom
when required. Suitable motion will be imparted to this web of paper by clockwork
or other inechanism.
Dated this 24th day of June 1887
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
I, JOHN STEWART WALLACE, of Cliftonville Avenue, Belfast, in the County of
Antrim, Ireland, Timber Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to type-writing machines and comprises various improvements
hereinafter set forth.
The chief object of the said invention is the production of a machine which will be
thoroughly efficient and capable of being rapidly worked, and which can be
constructed at considerably less cost than really efficient machines as heretofore
made.
A very important feature of my said invention is the provision whereby different
styles or kinds of type may be readily used for printing in the same line if required,
as the work proceeds; for instance if it is desired to print any words in italics or in
larger or more distinct and striking characters than those employed for the ordinary
part of the matter being printed, the type can be shifted with the utmost facility by
simply operating a lever or other suitable device, and when the desired words in
italics or otherwise have been printed, the ordinary type can be as readily brought
into position again so that the printing in ordinary characters may be continued.
Another feature of my said invention is the provision for printing in inks of
different colours as the work proceeds without dismounting any part of the apparatus
or making any elaborate change such as would be required in type-writing machines
as heretofore constructed.
In the accompanying drawings I have shown how my said invention can be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a plan of my improved type-writing machine a portion of the frame and
other parts being removed.
Figure 2 is a front elevation.
Figure 3 is a rear elevation.
Figure 4 is an underside view.
Figure 5 is a side elevation.
Figure 6 is a rear elevation showing a modification of my said invention hereinafter
described.
Figure 7 is a plan the key board and other parts of the apparatus being removed.
Figure 8 is a front elevation drawn to an enlarged scale showing a further
modification.
Figure 9 is a vertical section on the line a, a Figure 8.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
A is the frame of the machine, B is the base plate or bed plate, C are the keys,
a are levers carried by the rod supported in the frame A. The levers a are

page_text: j
connected to the keys C by means of rods or stems e passing through a cross piece or
key-board c attached to the frame A. The rods or stems c are provided with
springs ². The levers a are moreover cut away upon their upper surfaces in such a
manner that when one of the keys A is depressed and consequently the lever
connected with the said key is raised the cut away part or portion of the same will
act so as to tilt or move a cross piece d pivoted at d to the frame A, and thereby
cause a quadrant e provided with one or more rows of letters, figures, or other
signs, to be moved to the desired position and locked in the said position while
the key is depressed. The letter represented by the said key is then printed in the
manner hereinafter described. The levers a are so arranged that they will actuate
the cross piece d and thereby the quadrant e in whatever position it may be. The
quadrant e bas upon its face one or more rows of letters figures or other signs.
The said quadrant e is fixed upon a spindle f carried in the frame A, and is
connected to the cross piece d by means of the rods g. The rods g are pivoted at g'
to lugs attached to the said cross piece d and are provided with heads g² adapted to
swivel and slide upon guide bars or rods i fixed at one extremity to the boss e* of
the quadrant e and to a collar fixed upon the spindle. Thus motion imparted
to the cross piece d (by means of one of the stops and levers a as hereinbefore
described) will also through the rods g impart motion to the quadrant e and bring the
letter figure or other sign upon the quadrant e represented upon the stop C in front
of a hammer j. The hammer is pivoted at j¹ to a bracket attached to the base
plate or bed plate B. The said hammer j is provided with a spring j* and is actuated
as hereinafter described. The paper intended to be printed upon is passed between
the rollers and upon being struck by the hammer the letter, figure, or other sign
brought in front of the said hammer jis printed upon the said paper. The quadrant e
is provided with a guard or shield e having an aperture e² of sufficient dimensions to
allow one of the letters, figures, or other signs to be printed through the same upon
the paper. The rollers are provided with spindles * carried in brackets &' attached
to a slide 2. The slide 2 is preferably formed dovetail in transverse section and is
arranged to slide in a corresponding groove in the bed plate B. The slide 2 is
provided with a split nut normally retained closed by a spring and which
can be opened when required by means of the lever m pivoted at m¹ to a
plate 1*. The split nut is moreover provided with a dovetail part or
portion arranged to slide in a corresponding groove in the plate which is
attached to the slide A². A screw threaded spindle n carried in brackets n' works in
723
the nut. The spindle n is fitted with a ratchet wheel n² operated by a pawl no
pivotted at n to the hammer j. The hammer is actuated by a lever o, by means of
an inclined surface o¹ upon the extremity of the same, against which the lower
extremity of the said hammer bears. The lever o is provided with a spring o² and
is pivoted at o to lugs upon the underside of the bed plate B. The other
extremity of the lever is attached to a plate p. I sometimes provide the plate p
with a strip or strips of felt leather or other suitable material so as to obviate any
noise that might be created by its striking against the base plate B. The levers a
are provided with projections a' adapted to bear when the said levers a are depressed
against a plate a pivoted at a³ to the frame A. The plate p is moreover provided
with projections p₁ which bear against the plate a². Thus when one of the keys C
representing any particular letter figure or other sign is pressed downward the
corresponding letter, figure or other sign upon the quadrant e is brought opposite the
aperture e in the plate or guard e¹ and the hammer j. The projection a¹ upon the
said key (moreover depresses the plate a², and through the projections p'; the plate p,
the lever o and the inclined surface o' actuates the hammer so that the latter strikes
the paper and forcing it through the aperture & in the guard or shield e¹ causes
the letter figure or other sign upon the quadrant e opposite the said aperture e² to be
printed upon the paper. The said paper and rollers k are at the same time fed along
the required distance by the hammer j, pawl n and ratchet wheel n².
One row of letters, figures, or other signs upon the quadrant e is normally

page_text: retained in line with the aperture in the plate or guard e¹ and the hammer j by
means of the spring f¹. When it is desired to bring another row of letters, figures, or
other signs in line with the said aperture e², the spindle f and with it the quadrant e
are moved laterally by means of the levers f½ pivoted at f³ to the frame A and
provided with wedge shape parts or portions f4 adapted to fit between the collar f³
and the said frame A. fo is a stop to prevent the levers 2 from having too
much play.
The quadrant e is inked by means of a roller 7 carried in suitable bearings in
a plate attached to the frame A and adapted to bear against the surface of the type
upon the said quadrant e when the latter is moved.
When a line has been printed across the paper the rollers can be brought back to
their original position by opening the split nut 7 by means of the lever m² so as to allow
the screw threaded spindle n to pass through the same, and then moving the slide k²
by hand. The paper upon the rollers can then be moved any desired distance by
rotating the roller & by means of a ratchet wheel » fixed upon the spindle k* of the
said roller. The ratchet wheel is actuated by a pawl pivoted at ² to a lever
which is pivoted at to the bracket . is a thumb or finger rest, to facilitate the
working of the lever ³.
2'
are
To adapt my apparatus for printing or writing upon paper ribbon similar to that
used in telegraphy I provide the following device, that is to say, s, s¹ are rollers
arranged in line with the aperture e in the guard or shield e¹. The rollers s,
attached to sleeves t, through which pass rods t¹. The rods are provided with screw
threaded portions by means of which they are attached to plates or brackets to, upon
the slide and are moreover provided with springs adapted to bear against the
rollers s and heads to upon the said rods. The sleeve t of the roller s¹ is provided
with a ratchet wheel u with which gears a pawl u¹ carried in the bracket ². The
bracket is pivoted to the sleeve t and is connected by means of a connecting
piece to a lever w. The lever is pivoted at ¹ to a bracket w attached to the
base plate B, and is provided with a spring w. The lever wo is actuated by an
inclined surface upon a lever 21 pivoted at ² to lugs ³ attached to the underside
of the base plate B. The lever is moreover provided with a spring. The
lever is attached to the plate p and is operated in a similar manner to the
lever o hereinbefore described. The paper ribbon is wound upon the roller s into a
slot in which one end of the said paper ribbon is inserted. The other extremity or
the free end of the said paper ribbon is passed in front of the aperture e² in the plate
or guard e and between the roller s¹ and a roller s pivoted at s to brackets attached
to the frame B. The letter figure or other sign is printed upon the paper ribbon in a
similar manner to that already described for sheets of paper, and the said paper
ribbon is fed in front of the aperture e in plate or guard e¹ by the roller s¹ which
is turned a sufficient distance each time one of the stops is operated by means of
one of the projections a¹, plate a², projections p³, plate p and lever as herein-
before described.
The operation of my apparatus is obvious, and can be learned by any one in a very
short time with great facility.
It is obvious moreover that I can modify the construction of my apparatus without
in anyway departing from the nature of my invention. For instance I can employ
any desired number of the above described reels or rollers for paper ribbon, so
arranged that by means of a suitable lever or other device, any of the said reels or
rollers can be brought in line with the aperture in the plate, or guard over the
type quadrant, I thus provide means for employing paper ribbons of different
colors.
Instead of the type quadrants hereinbefore described I employ in some instances
type wheels.
I sometimes moreover provide as many of the type quadrants or wheels as there
are different kinds or styles of type to be used in the machine and this number may
obviously be varied according to requirements. Each type quadrant or wheel is

page_text: connected by a rod or rods to one bar of the longitudinal frame below the same so
that any motion imparted to the said frame will also be imparted to the type wheels
or quadrants. The latter are so placed upon the type wheel bar or spindle that they
are capable of sliding longitudinally thereon in order that each wheel may be
brouglit into the position for printing whenever required by means of a lever or other
device conveniently situated to be operated.
I sometimes employ an arrangement of springs or other appliances to bring the
type wheel back into any prearranged position after each impression.
In some cases employ means to lock the type wheel or quadrant in the position
for printing at each impression. To effect this I provide teeth upon one side of
the wheel and a catch or spur upon the shield. This catch or spur is at each
operation pressed into one of the depressions between the teeth on the type wheel
and thus the latter is held firmly while the impression is made.
In order to be able to print in two or more colors I provide the device shown
in Figures 8 and 9. y are ink ribbons each one containing ink of a different
color. The ribbons y are mounted upon rollers y carried in brackets y so arranged
that by the movement of a lever or other appliance either of the said ink ribbons
may be brought into proper alignment with respect to the type and the one which
was in this position previously may be displaced.
Any well known device is employed to cause the said ribbons to travel so as to
present a fresh surface to the type.
The paper may be caused to travel or fed in the desired manner by any other
suitable mechanism than that described herein.
It is obvious moreover that any of the ordinary appliances usually employed in
connection with type writing machines such as bells spacing mechanism and the like,
may be applied to my improved machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First A type-writer wherein a wheel or segment mounted on a horizontal axis
and having the type formed or fixed thereon is connected with a pivoted bar arranged
to be operated by means of levers or keys to adjust the said wheel or segment and
lock it in the desired position, for the purposes above specified.
Second-The combination of parts comprising the type wheel or segment, the
pivoted cross piece or bar connected therewith by rods or links, the keys, and the
levers having their operative surfaces in different planes and constructed to lock
the said wheel or segment, substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth.
Third The provision of means for effecting lateral adjustment of the type wheel
or segment, as, and for the purpose, above specified.
Fourth The hammer and the means for actuating the same to effect the printing,
substantially as described.
Fifth The mechanism for feeding the paper, comprising the rollers, the slide, the
screw, and the ratchet-wheel and pawl, substantially as described.
Sixth The combination, with the type wheel or segment, of the inking device
comprising the roller adapted to bear against the said wheel or segment, substantially
as described.
Seventh The ribbons designed to be supplied with different colored inks and
wound upon adjustable reels or drums so that either of them can be brought in line
with the type wheel or segment, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Eighth A type-writer wherein provision is made for printing upon paper ribbons
or tapes, for the purpose above specified.
Ninth The employment of adjustable reels or rollers for carrying paper ribbons or
tapes of different colors, for the purpose above specified.

page_text: Tenth The mechanism for feeding the paper ribbons or tapes, comprising the
rollers, the ratchet-wheel and pawl, and the lever arranged to be actuated by the
depression of the keys, substantially as described.
Eleventh The improved type-writer consisting of the parts constructed and
combined substantially as described with reference to either of the forms or
modifications shown in the accompanying drawings.