Improvements in Power. Hammers.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Apr.. 1894
Complete Specification Left, 1th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 6th Apr., 1895
Improvements in Power. Hammers.
I, AUGUSTIN BEAUDRY of Somerville in the County of Suffolk, State of
Massachusetts, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the class of hammers wherein a reciprocating hammer
head, mounted in guides, has motion imparted to it from a crank-shaft and crank
through the medium of elastic or spring-like connecting mechanism between the
crank and the hammer head.
-
In carrying out the invention in its fullest and most preferred form, a connecting
rod, which is in the nature of a fork with two substantially parallel and like
spring arms, is coupled at one end to the crank-pin and bears at its other end-
that is, its forked end-two rollers, or bowls, one on each spring branch which
bear outwardly with elastic pressure against the concave faces of two curved
tracks on the hammer head. These tracks extend in the direction of the movement
of the hammer head and are curved in opposite directions, that is to say, their
concave faces, on which the rollers bear, face inward toward each other. This is
the preferred arrangement, but a similar result may be attained by arranging the
tracks with their convex faces back to back and arranging the rollers to bear
inwardly on the concave faces of the tracks with clastic pressure. Or, in lieu of
using two curved tracks with rollers on the spring arms of the connecting rod, the
tracks may be straight and parallel and in lieu of rollers on the spring arms to
bear thereon, rockers, with convex faces may be pivotally mounted, one in each
spring arm and the convex faces of said rockers be made to bear on the respective
straight tracks.
The forked connecting rod may be made adjustable as to length by a sliding
connection and set screw; and the forked portion of the connecting rod may have
a screw device for varying the tension of the spring arms.
The object of the construction described is to impart to the hammer head a
variable length of stroke which varies with the rapidity of the operation, the
stroke being longer and more forcible when the hammer head is reciprocating
rapidly than when it is moving more slowly. This arises from the fact that the
length of the stroke of the hammer head is governed by the elastic tension on the
spring branches of the connecting rod.
Dated this 21st day of April 1894.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Power Hammers.
I, AUGUSTIN BEAUDRY of Somerville in the County of Suffolk, State of
Massachusetts, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
10 nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to that class of power hammers wherein the hammer-head

page_text: reciprocates in guides and the motion is imparted thereto from a crank carried by
a rotating shaft.
The object of the present invention is to connect the hammer-head with the
operating crank through the medium of an elastic or spring connection and to
provide a frictional grip between said connection and the hammer-head whereby
rigidity between the moving head and the crank-pin is avoided. The invention
also contemplates the provision of an auxiliary die-carrier, together with certain
features of construction all as will be hereinafter fully set forth. The novel
features of the invention will be carefully defined in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings which serve to illustrate my invention―
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the hammer, portions of the elastic or spring
connection being shown in section for better illustration, and
Fig. 2 is a transverse section taken in the plane indicated by line, ³, in
Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the hammer-head showing the driving mechanis:n
thereof.
Fig. is a perspective detail view on an enlarged scale and showing the
adjustable connecting block or piece, detached.
Fig. 5 is a plan view showing the auxiliary die, the frame being in section on
line,, in Fig. 1, and Fig. 6 is a section of the same along line 2, 2ª, Fig. 5,
showing certain features to be hereinafter referred to.
Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are side elevations showing various modified arrangements
of the spring connection and of the frictional grip between the same and the
hammer-head. These views will be hereinafter more particularly referred to.
Referring primarily to Figs. 1 to 6, 1 is the bed of the hammer, 2 the anvil,
3 the frame rising from the bed, and 4 the position of the frame in which are
*formed the guides or ways 5 for the reciprocating head 6.
At the upper part of the portion 4 of the frame is mounted the crauk-shaft 7,
on which are fixed a crank 8, and a pulley 9, the latter serving also as a fly-
wheel. 10 is the belt on the pulley, through which the crank-shaft is rotated.
To the pin of the crank 8, is coupled a crank-rod or plunger 11, on which is
adjustably secured the connecting-block or piece 12, the construction of which
will be readily understood from Figs. 1 and 4.
As seen in these views, the block 12 is provided with a central bore 12ª, to
receive the end of the crank-rod or plunger 11, and at its lower end, said
block 12 has a reduced split portion or sleeve 12 through which the bore 12*
also passes.
Perforated lugs 12 are provided to receive a screw or bolt 12ª
whereby the block 12 may be securely clamped on the rod 11 when set to the
proper position.
The upper larger portion of piece 12 is rectangular in cross section, and at
opposite sides of the central bore 12" therein, are formed parallel vertical
channels 12" wherein are secured the upper ends of spring-arms 12'.
In order to
secure the arms 12' in place in said channels, each of said arms is provided on its
inner side with a projection 12%, adapted to engage a recess in the wall of the
channel 12º. Wedges or keys 12h are driven into the upper open ends of the
channels 12, at the side of arms 12' opposite the projections, and serve to hold
the said arms securely in place in the channels.
The arms 12, will be, by preference, of spring steel, and each arm carries at its
lower end a roller, 13; and these rollers are pressed outward laterally by the
elasticity of the arms which carry them into elastic contact with curved tracks, 15,
formed in the lateral walls of a recess in the face of the hammer-head. These
tracks will be preferably slightly concave in cross-section as seen in Fig. 2, and
they are curved longitudinally as seen in Fig. 1. By this curvature of the tracks
they will be, of course, farthest apart at about midway of their length, and in
the movement of the spring-rod and rollers longitudinally to and fro they carry
the hammer-head with them by reason of the fact that any movement of the rod
and rollers independently of the hammer-head forces the rollers inward toward

page_text: each other and so increases the tension on the branches of the rod 12. This is
due to the convergence of the tracks. The effect of this construction is to
connect the lower eud of the spring-rod to the hammer-head by an elastic grip
which will yield to an extent sufficient to overcome gradually the inertia of the
hammer-head at the ends of the strokes and avoid severe strain and wear due to a
positive coupling of the parts.
When the crank-shaft is rotated, the crank and spring-rod impart the necessary
reciprocating motion to the hammer-head, which is, of course, arranged directly
over the anvil.
It is desirable, in order to adapt the hammer-head to articles varying in thickness,
to provide means for varying the distance between the face of the hammer-head
and the center of the crank-shaft and this is effected by setting the block 12, in
or out along the crank-rod 11, as before stated. I do not, however, consider this
adjustment essential in all cases for the block 12 might be made integral with
rod 11.
In order to enable the operator to stop and start the hammer conveniently, the
belt 10, is arranged to run loosely about the pulley 9, under normal conditions
when the hammer is at rest, and a tightening roller, 17, is employed, to be pressed
against the belt and thus tighten it on the pulley. This roller 17, is carried by a
bent lever, 18, fulcrumed at 19, on the machine frame, and to the other end of
this lever extends down to a treadle, 21, on the base 1, of the haminer. This
treadle is of a U-shape, and the rod 20, is at the back of the frame as seen in
Fig. 1, the point, 22, where it is coupled to the rear branch of the treadle being
therefore indicated in dotted lines. Pressure downward on the treadle applies the
roller 17, to the belt, and when this pressure is removed the parts are retracted
by a spring, 23, under the treadle, or arranged in some other convenient manner.
In order to check the momentum of the pulley 9, when the belt is slackened, a
brake-shoe, 24, carried by the lever 18, is arranged to bear on the rim of the
pulley, it being applied with a pressure due to the tension of spring 23.
25 represents an upper die, or the face of the hammer-head, and 26 represents
a lower die or the face of the anvil. It is desirable in this form of hammer to
shift the dies quickly so as to adapt the hammer to different kinds of work readily.
For example the plain pieces, 25 and 26, may be in use for flat forging and it
will be desired to use the hammer temporarily for truing up to gage pins or rods.
To facilitate such temporary shifts I provide the hammer with a die-carrier and
shifter such as I will now describe with reference to Figs. 1, 5 and 6.
On the frame 3 is hinged, at 27%, a strong arm, 27, which swings horizontally
and has at its free end a die-carrier, 28, on which rests a pair of dies, 29, such as
are in use for swaging cylindrical rods and the like, to gage. The dies are mounted
removably on the carrier. When the arm 27 is swung around to the position seen
in full lines in plan in Fig. 5, a stop Hauge, 28*, (see Figs. I and 6) on the
carrier 28, strikes the die or face 26 on the anvil and thus stops the dies 29 in
position directly under the hammer-head. After using the dies 29, the arm 27 may
be swung back again out of the way.
In the construction shown in Fig. 7, the connecting block or piece 12 is dispensed
with, and in lieu thereof, the two arms 12', are formed in one piece, being con-
nected at their upper ends by a tubular sleeve or tie-piece 14, adapted to receive
The sleeve 14, is
the extremity of the crank-rod 11 which is split as seen at 114.
provided with a pointed screw 14 so set that when screwed home its pointed tip
enters the split in the crank-rod 11 and expands the same into the bore of
sleeve 14. This construction permits the sleeve to be adjusted along the crank-
rod 11 as desired. In order to vary the elasticity of the spring-arms 12', I have
passing through one of the arms and bearing at its tip against
Such a screw may also be employed in the construction shown
shown a screw 14
the other arm 12.
in Fig. 1, if desired.
In the construction shown in Fig. 8, both the connecting block or piece 12 and
the spring-arms 12' are dispensed with, and in lieu thereof, a tubular or hollow

page_text: head 16, having a split upper portion is clamped adjustably to the lower end of
the crank-rod 11. The hollow of this head 16, is of a T-form, the lower end 16
thereof being widened or expanded laterally to provide sufficient width for the
transverse bore, in the opposite branches of which are arranged the sliding
bearing-blocks 16 carrying the rollers 13, as clearly seen. The bearing-blocks 16
have bevelled inner faces engaged by a wedge 16, mounted movably in the vertical
portion of the hollow of the head-16, and backed by a spring 16, as clearly seen.
Thus it will be seen that the spring 16 acts to keep the blocks 16 normally
pressed out in opposite directions with their rollers 13 in contact at all times with
the track 15.
In the constructions above described the rollers 13 press outward laterally
against the curved tracks, but they may be arranged to press inwardly on similar
tracks. This construction is illustrated in Fig. 9, which is a face view showing
only the parts appertaining to this modified construction.
In this construction the crank-rod 11 is omitted and the spring-arms 12', are
connected at their upper end by a tie. 14* coupled directly to the pin of the crank
and the arms 12' carrying the rollers 13 press the latter inwardly against tracks
on a centrally arranged track-piece, 6. This track-piece is secured to the
hammer-head 6, and preferably with a slotted connection so that it may be adjusted
up or down on the hammer-head to a limited extent. A screw, 6, in the spring-
arm is provided for the purpose of increasing the pressure of the rollers on the
tracks.
Fig. 10 illustrates another variation wherein the crank-rod 11 is made vertically
movable being provided with a bearing 3 at its upper end. In this construction
the connecting piece 12 and arms 12 are dispensed with, the lower end of the crank-
rod being forked or split and provided with rockers, 13", having curved faces
which bear on straight tracks, 15, on the hammer-head. The rockers 13ª have a
ball-and-socket connection with the forks of the crank-rod 11, as will be readily
ainderstood. The crank-pin carries a block, 11, which plays in a transverse
slot, 11, in the crank-rod 11, as clearly shown.
In these several constructions the rockers 13 and rollers 13 forin shoes which
bear on the tracks on the head with elastic or spring pressure.
In the construction
of Fig. 1 the rollers might be substituted by studs which do not rotate, but I
prefer the rollers. In this construction of Fig. 1 the tracks are curved and
converge while in Fig. 10 the tracks are straight and the rockers are curved on
their faces, whereby when they rock in either direction the tension of the branches
of the crank-rod increased in the same way that the converging tracks increases
such tension.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a power hammer, the combination with a frame, a crank-shaft and a crank
in the frame, and a guided, reciprocating hammer-head in the frame provided with
tracks extending longitudinally thereof, of a crank-rod coupled at one end to the
crank and carrying at its other end shoes which bear on the respective tracks on
the hammer-head, the said shoes, and means for pressing said shoes elastically
against the respective tracks, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. In a power hammer, the combination with a frame, a crank-shaft and crank
in the frame, and a guided, reciprocating hammer-head in the frame and provided
with curved tracks, as set forth, of a crank-rod coupled at one end to the crank
and carrying at its other end shoes which bear laterally on the respective curved
tracks on the hammer-head, the said shoes, and means for pressing the said shoes
elastically up to the respective tracks, substantially as set forth.
3. In a power hammer, the combination with a frame, a crauk-shaft and crank
in the frame, and a guided, reciprocating hammer-head in the frame and provided
with curved tracks, which converge at their ends, of the crank-rod coupled at one

page_text: end to the crank and carrying at its other end two shoes which bear outwardly on
the respective curved tracks, the said shoes, and springs carried by the connecting-
rod which press the said shoes up elastically to their respective tracks, substantially
as set forth.
4. In a power hammer, the combination with a frame, a crank-shaft and crank.
in the frame, and a guided-reciprocating hammer-head in the frame and provided
with curved tracks, as set forth, of a crank-rod connected at its upper end to said
crank and provided at its lower end with shoes which bear on the respective curved
tracks on the hammer-head, springs for pressing said shoes elastically up to the
respective tracks and means for adjusting the tension of said springs, substantially
as set forth.
5. In a power hanımer, the combination with a crank-shaft and crank and a.
guided reciprocating hammer-head, of a crank-rod connected at its upper end to
the crank, and spring-arms mounted on said crank-rod and provided with shoes
which bear respectively with elastic pressure laterally on tracks on the hammer-
head, whereby a grip is provided, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
6. In a power hammer, the combination with a crank-shaft and crank and a
guided reciprocating hammer-head provided with curved tracks, as set forth, of
the crank-rod connected at its upper end to the crank, said rod having like spring-
arms provided with shoes which bear with elastic pressure laterally on the respective
tracks on the hammer-head, substantially as set forth.
7. In a power hammer, the combination with a crank-shaft and crank and a
guided reciprocating hammer-head provided with curved tracks which converge
at their ends, of a crank-rod, connected at its upper end to the crank, two
spring-arms mounted on said crank-rod and each carrying a shoe which bears ou
one of said tracks, the elasticity of the branch serving to press the shoe laterally
outward into firm contact with the track, as set forth.
8. In a power hammer, the combination with a crank-shaft and crank and a
guided reciprocating hammer-head provided with curvel tracks 15, of a crank-rod
coupled to the crank, two spring-arms, adjustably mounted on said crank-rod and
provided with shoes which bear on the respective tracks on the hammer-head, and
means for varying the tension of the spring-arms, substantially as set forth.
9. In a power hammer, the combination with a crank-shaft and crank and a
reciprocating hammer-head provided with curved, converging tracks, of the crank-
rod connected to the crank, said rod having two longitudinally adjustable spring-
arms each carrying a roller which bears on one of said tracks, and a tension screw
for spreading the spring-arms and increasing the tension of the same, substantially
as set forth.
10. In a power hammer, the combination of the crank-shaft, crank and a
reciprocating hammer-head provided with curved converging tracks, a crank-rod
coupled to the crank, a connecting-block adjustably mounted on said crank-rod,
spring-arms, carried by said connecting-block and rollers mounted on said spring-
arms and adapted to engage the tracks in the hammer-head, substantially as set
forth.
11. In a power hammer, the combination of a crank-shaft, crank and a
reciprocating bammer-head provided with curved converging tracks, a crank-rod
coupled to the crank, a connecting-block having a central bore to receive said
crank-rod and having channels on opposite sides of said central bore, means for
securing said connecting-block to the crank-rod, spring-arms each arranged with
one end in one of the channels in the connecting-block, and having at its other
end a roller arranged to engage the track in the hammer-head, and wedges
arranged in said channels and adapted to hold said spring-arms in place,
substantially as set forth.
12. In a power hammer, the combination of a crank-shaft and a reciprocating
hammer-head provided with curved, converging tracks, a connecting-block having
a central bore to receive said crank-rod and having channels on opposite sides of
said central bore, the walls of said channels being provided with recesses, means

page_text: for securing said connecting-block to the crank-rod spring-arms each arranged with
one end in one of the channels and having a projection to engage the recess in the
wall thereof, wedges arranged in said channels and adapted to hold said spring-
arms with their projections in engagement with the recesses in the walls of the
channels, and rollers mounted on said spring-arms in position to engage the tracks
in the hammer-head, substantially as set forth.
13. A power hammer such as described in Claim 1, having the hammer-head
connected to the crank-shaft by means of shoes or rollers which press elastically
on tracks on the hammer-head, and having also an arm 27 pivoted on the frame
and adapted to swing horizontally, the die-carrier 28, borne by said arm, and the
dies mounted on said carrier, the relative proportions being such as to bring the
dies over the anvil by swinging the said arm.
Dated this 16th day of January 1895.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.