IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REFRIGERATING OR COOLING WORTS AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Dominicus Kittoe and Peter Brotherhood,
both of No. 56, Compton Street, Olerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, Mechanical Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR REFRIGERATING OR COOLING WORTS AND OTHER LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 9th October 1868, and dated the 17th April 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Dominicus
Kittoe and Peter Brotherhood at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th April 1868.
We, GEORGE DOMINICUS KITTOE and PETER BROTHERHOOD, both of
No. 56, Compton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex,
Mechanical Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REFRIGERATING OR COOLING WORTS AND OTHER
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improved apparatus for refrigerating
or cooling worts and other liquids. for which purpose we employ a

page_text: casing provided with pipes, tubes, or passages so arranged that the
respective ends of the latter terminate in separate cells or chambers,
through which communication is established between the successive
tiers or rows of pipes, tubes, or passages, in such manner as to permit
of the continuous circulation or flow of the liquid to be cooled
throughout the entire series. The casing containing the pipes, tubes,
or passages is provided with plates or divisions between the respective
tiers or rows of pipes, tubes, or passages, thus dividing the casing into a
series of chambers, which communicate with each other at their
respective ends alternately, so that cold fluid contained therein, and
which surrounds the pipes, tubes, or passages containing the hot liquid
to be refrigerated or cooled, may be caused to circulate or flow by the
action of pumps or otherwise along the entire series of chambers. The
hot liquid and the cold fluid circulate or flow in opposite directions, so
that the latter meeting the former abstracts the heat therefrom. The
apparatus is so contrived that on opening or removing a door or
cover, or doors or covers, the ends of the pipes, tubes, or passages are
exposed, and a brush or other instrument may be passed through them
for the purpose of cleaning.
We would remark that the cells or chambers through which
communication is established between the several tiers or rows of
pipes, tubes, or passages may be formed with the doors or covers of the
apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Dominicus Kittoe and Peter Brotherhood
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th October 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
DOMINICUS KITTOE and PETER BROTHERHOOD, both of No. 56, Compton
Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Engineers,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the

page_text: thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said George Dominicus Kittoe and Peter
Brotherhood, Her special licence that we, the said George Dominicus
Kittoe and Peter Brotherhood, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said George Dominicus Kittoe and
Peter Brotherhood, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REFRIGERATING OR COOLING WORTS
AND OTHER LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said George Dominicus Kittoe and Peter Brotherhood, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Dominicus Kittoe and
Peter Brotherhood, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof :-
This Invention has for its object improved apparatus for refrigerating
or cooling worts and other liquids, for which purpose we employ a casing
provided with pipes, tubes, or passages so arranged that the respective
ends of the latter terminate in separate cells or chambers through which
communication is established between the successive tiers or rows of
pipes, tubes, or passages in such manner as to permit of the continuous
circulation or flow of the liquid to be cooled throughout the entire series.
The casing containing the pipes, tubes, or passages is provided with
plates or divisions between the respective tiers or rows of pipes, tubes,
or passages, thus dividing the casing into a series of chambers or
compartments which communicate with each other at their respective
ends alternately, so that cold fluid contained therein, and which surrounds
the pipes, tubes, or passages containing the hot liquid to be refrigerated

page_text: or cooled, may be caused to circulate or flow by the action of pumps or
otherwise along the entire series of chambers. The hot liquid and the
cold fluid circulate or flow in opposite directions, so that the latter
meeting the former abstracts the heat therefrom. The apparatus is so
contrived that on opening or removing a door or cover, or doors or
covers, the ends of the pipes, tubes, or passages are exposed, and a brush
or other instrument may be passed through them for the purpose of
cleaning. The cells or chambers through which communication is
established between the several tiers or rows of pipes, tubes, or passages
may be formed with the doors or covers of the apparatus.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention we will proceed to
describe the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, reference
being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon, premising that the same letters are used
to denote corresponding parts in all the views.
Fig. 1 represents a transverse section of an apparatus constructed
according to our Invention; Fig. 2, a longitudinal section of the same;
Fig. 3, an elevation of one end; Fig. 4 a plan, and Fig. 5 an elevation
of the other end.
A is a casing having tube plates at each end, into which tubes B
are fixed having their ends terminating in and covered by cells or
chambers C, O, which are formed in the doors or covers D₁ and D³.
Between each row of tubes are plates E which divide the casing into
horizontal compartments containing the tubes. Each of these horizontal
compartments is divided longitudinally by a partition E'. A portion E¹
is cut out at each end of each plate between the horizontal com-
partments. F is the inlet for liquid to be cooled; G, the outlet for the
refrigerated liquid; H, the inlet for water or cooling fluid; and I, the
outlet for the same.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-Water or other cooling
fluid being admitted at the inlet H flows in each direction, and passing
through the openings in the plates at E¹, E', circulates backwards and
forwards in the direction of the arrows through the spaces enclosed
between the plates E, and ultimately issues by the outlet I. The liquid

page_text: to be cooled entering by the inlet F passes through half of the top
tier of tubes into a cell or chamber in the door D³, where it passes
over to the other half tier of tubes, returning into a chamber of the
door D. There it descends to the next lower series of tubes, through
which it circulates in like manner, and so on, until it reaches the
lowest tier of tubes, whence it issues by the outlet, G. A chamber
divided by a vertical partition L reaching nearly to the top is fitted on
the back of the door D³ covering the outlet G. The object of this is
to keep the tubes full while the apparatus is in action, as no liquid
can issue until it be at a level high enough to pass over the upper
edge of the partition L on its way to the final outlet G. In order to
drain the tubes rapidly we prefer to make openings at K. from each of
the cells or chambers C of the door D into the outlet chamber and to
cover these openings by a slide; on removing this slide and raising the
partition L the tubes are emptied by the outlet chamber. In some
cases we make the apparatus without the vertical partitions E³, and
in this case the horizontal plates stop short of each end or tube plate

page_text: shewn in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, but that we claim, the
apparatus constructed and operating as herein described for refrigerating
or cooling worts and other liquids.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Dominicus Kittoe and
Peter Brotherhood, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Sixteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight.
GEO. D. KITTOE.
(L.S.)
Witness,
HY. C. DALE,
PETER BROTHERHOOD. (L.S.)
Clerk to Mess". F. Wise & Co.,
Patent Agents,
Chandos Chambers,
Adelphi,
W.O.