matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOVABLE PALISADES FOR PARKS, GARDENS, AND ENCLOSURES, THE SAID INVENTION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO TRAINING ESPALIERS, VINES, AND SHRUBS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Antoine Louet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May
1867.
I, ANTOINE LOUET, of the Firm of Louet Brothers, of the City of Issoudun,
in the Empire of France, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOVABLE PALISADES FOR
PARKS, GARDENS, AND ENCLOSURES, THE SAID INVENTION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE
TO TRAINING ESPALIERS, VINES, AND SHRUBS," to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to palisades formed of iron uprights or posts, the
wires of which forming the rails are drawn through holes made in the posts.
My improvements consist in simplifying the means of tightening the wires,
and rendering this species of railing applicable to training espaliers, vines,
and shrubs; the supports for the said rails being either fixed in the earth or
in walls.
In the construction of rails for parks, enclosures, or pens for cattle the end
posts are furnisbed with ratchets and pawls placed at equal distances; the
shafts or pins of the ratchets pass through holes in the posts, and the wires
are coiled round them and tightened by turning the ratchets by means of a
key piece.
For rails for training espaliers requiring double wires I employ arched or
straight metal pieces, through the ends of which holes are made, to which
the wires are attached; these arms or ends extend on either side of the end
posts, to which they are connected by the ratchet pins, as before mentioned.

page_text: In training vines the posts are fixed in the wall, and are square at the
head, which is a hollow frame, the ratchet pin passing through it, and the
wire coiled as before; intermediate posts are placed at intervals, the wires
passing through them.
In sheltering the espaliers or shrubs I make use of circular or semicircular
metal plates; a hole in the centre admits the top wire of the rails; and a slit or
opening at the bottom admits the second, rail or wire on which the shield rests.
When the rails are double a corresponding 'number of slits are made for the
wires.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left" by Daniel Nathan Defries at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th February 1867."
I, DANIEL NATHAN DEFRIES, of Euston Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Consulting Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to gas burners supported from below on upright stems,
and is adapted for street lamps, ordinary chandeliers, gas brackets, and other
lights; in these lights or burners a single fishtail is usually adopted as the
form of the light which is spread in a vertical plane.
Now my improvements consist in the arrangement and application of two,
three, or four such flames, but which are projected in a horizontal plane, or
nearly so. This I effect by introducing two, three, or four nipples in a
horizontal position from the upright stem or pipe. In the case of bracket or
chandelier lights, when covered by globes, I keep the diameter or extreme
distance between the jet orifices as little as possible; the jets are of course.
smaller in proportion to the number, but in either case a good downward light
is obtained with little or no shadow.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACES FOR SUPPORTING ARTICLES (OF) DRESS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Sanders at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1867.
I, JOSEPH SANDERS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACES FOR SUPPORTING ARTICLES (OF) DRESS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in braces
for supporting articles of dress whereby the parts of the braces connected with
the trousers or article of dress are able so to move during the motion of the
body as to prevent the strain upon the body which frequently occurs with
braces of the ordinary construction when the wearer inclines or moves out of
an erect position.
In constructing braces according to my Invention I employ two straps or
bands passing over the shoulders in the ordinary manner, the back ends being
connected together by a stud or otherwise. To each of the buckles by which
the braces are lengthened in front I attach a small frame carrying a pulley or
roller, and over the said, pulley or roller the catgut or band carrying the tabs
or brace ends passes. At the junction of the braces at the back I also attach

page_text: a frame carrying a pulley or roller over which a catgut or band having tabs at
its ends passes.
In wearing the braces the several tabs at back and front are connected
by means of the button holes in them to the buttons of the trousers or article
of dress. When by the inclination of the body a great strain is put upon
either of the tabs the catgut or band it is connected with travels over the
pulley it bears upon, and the said strain is immediately distributed over b..th
the tabs instead of being borne by one only.
The distribution of strain described takes place at the tabs at the back as
well as at those in front of the wearer.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR GAS AND LIQUIDS, SUCH IMPROVED METERS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE AS A MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Colvill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th January
1867. A communication from Homer H. Stuart, residing. at Jamaica,
in the County of Queens, and State of New York, in the United States
of America.
I, JOHN COLVILL, of No. 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR GAS AND LIQUIDS, SUCH IMPROVED METERS
BEING ALSO APPLICABLE AS A MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows, that is to say:
The Invention communicated to me consists in causing the rotation of the
axle of a meter for gas or other fluids by the flow of a fluid acting on vanes
which are extended and collapsed in such a manner that the quantity of fluidh
passing through the meter will be recorded by an ordinary counter. The
meter is constructed by mounting upon an axle enclosed in a cylindrical case,.
connected with pipes for the admission and delivery of the fluid to be measured,.
a series of vanes which are intended to receive the impulse of the flow of the
fluid entering the case, and which remain extended while impelled by the
flow until it passes from the case, when they are folded or collapsed until, by.
the rotation of the axle they are again in succession presented to the action of
the entering fluid.
The Drawing annexed is a section through the middle of a meter repre-
sented as a water meter with the water passing through it in the direction
of the arrows. The vanes a, b, c, d, e, are hinged at their inner ends to a

page_text: peculiarly shaped nave or shaft f; the vane a opposite the receiving pipe
is shewn just opening under the impulse of the water, the vane 6 is fully
extended, the vane c has passed the delivery pipe and just beginning to be
folded towards the shaft by coming in contact with the end of the circle g,
which fills the lower part of the case, and the remaining vanes are successively
extended on one side of the case to receive the impetus of the water to cause
the rotation of the axle until they reach the delivery pipe, where they are
folded towards the centre and are retained in a closed or collapsed position
until they again reach the reception pipe, when they are again successively
released and opened by their respective springs s; the difference between the
segments x and y, included by the vanes when extended and collapsed, indicates
the amount of water delivered by the passage of each vane; the number of
vanes may vary, they may be made curved, and be furnished with packing on
their peripheries, and fitted with butt hinges extending along the angles of
the nave, or otherwise, and the springs applied in a different manner or
omitted; the form of the nave may also be varied. To apply the meter as a
motive power I render available the motion in the meter produced by the
passage of the gas or liquid in the same way as by a hydraulic wheel, that is
to say the axle forms the driving shaft of any suitable mechanism.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRESSES FOR STAMPING OR ENDORSING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
June 1867. A communication from abroad by Edouard Cornélis,
Merchant, of 27, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRESSES FOR STAMPING OR ENDORSING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for stamping papers
and merchandize in which the ordinary pad is dispensed with and a strip
containing ink substituted therefor; this strip may also be applied to all
kinds of stamps or markers in which letters, characters, figures, and other
distinguishing marks are employed. In order to change the dates, months, and
years,
I employ a system of adjustable dials which are held in position. by a
spring.
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, Figure 1 being
a side view; Figure 2 a face view, and Figure 3 a partial section of same..
A, stem or arm carrying the various parts; B, circular chamber; C, circular
chambers in which is wound the ribbon or strip containing the ink; D,.spring
for keeping the strip in tension; E, dial indicating the months; F, dial
indicating the days; G, circular type wheel corresponding to the "day" dial;
H, type wheel of "month" dial; I, screw for securing the dials in. position;
K; part on which is indicated the year, name, and address, or a third dial and
type wheel may be employed for indicating the year; L, strip containing ink,

page_text: which is wound up in the chambers C; M, spring stop for fixing the "month"
type wheel in position; N, spring acting on the "day" type wheel; 0, tube
containing a spring and presser for operating the stamper; P, table; Q, pins
for setting the dials; R, point for indicating the position of the figures on
the dials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEY TOPS OR CAPS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Capper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th December
1867.
I, JASPER CAPPER, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Accountant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEY TOPS OR CAPS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to prevent downdraughts and allow free
egress of smoke in all states of the weather. For this purpose I construct
chimney tops or caps, in other words the upper terminations of chimneys,
whether formed each in one piece or built up as part of the structure, as
follows:-
First. I fit within and attach to a chimney top or cap, of cylindrical or
other desired form, a hollow conical or other tapering piece or passage called
by me a "draught jet." The said draught jet is open at bottom and top, the
end of smallest area being uppermost and situated below the upper termination
of the cylindrical or other part. The smoke is thereby caused to issue from
the said draught jet in a protected position at an increased velocity.
Second. I surround the upper part of a cylindrical or other chimney top or
cap by another or outer cylinderical or other piece of larger size thereby leaving
a space between the two. The outer piece rises higher than the inner. To
the inner cylindrical or other piece below the lower end of the outer one I

page_text: affix a projecting ring or flange and to and between the said ring or flange
and outer cylinder or piece attach dividing pieces so that a circle of openings
at a short distance from each other are left, through which and up through
the space between the inner and outer pieces a current of air rises and assists
egress of the smoke from the inner piece into the atmosphere.
Third. I construct chimney tops or caps of a combination of the improve-
ments described under the above first and second heads.
And, fourth. I use in combination the improvement described under the
above first head with the outer piece described under the second head, but
without the projecting ring or flange and circle of openings therein described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FORMING SHAFTS, ROLLERS, DRUMS, AND WHEELS WITH INDIA-RUBBER SURFACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Poole at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 2nd August
1867:
I, JOHN POOLE, of 31, Riley Street, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FORMING SHAFTS, ROLLERS, DRUMS, AND WHEELS WITH INDIA-RUBBER SURFACES,"
to be as follows:-
In forming the compound rollers, shafts, drums, or wheels I divide the
metal axis into two parts, or form the same with an opening through the
centre extending from journal to journal; through this opening I pass a thin
sheet of vulcanized india-rubber, which I turu or roll up upon the metal;
I then roll the remainder of the sheet round the axis, and fasten the opposite
edge which is tapered by screwing or otherwise, and in order to prevent the
rubber from elongating I fix metal collars upon the ends of the shafts.
Another mode of forming these rollers consists in winding a strip of vulcanized
india-rubber spirally upon a plain shaft with a fixed at one end and a collar
moveable one at the other; the ends of the rubber in this case are passed
through the collars or flanges, and secured therein by means of a loose washer
on the outside, the outer surfaces of the collars first mentioned and the
inner surfaces of the washers last mentioned being corrugated so as to prevent
the ends of the rubber from slipping. The transverse section of the rubber-
in this case is similar to that of the frustrum of a wedge, the narrow-part
being placed next to the axis.
Another mode of forming a roller of this description consists in covering

page_text: the metal axis with a tube or cylinder of vulcanized india-rubber, and then
making a spiral cut therein from end to end, and then fastening the two sectional
ends to collars and washers in the manner before described. I also propose to
form the metal axis with longitudinal channels or grooves, into which channels
or grooves I place metallic wire, hempen or other cord, and wind thereon a strip
or rod of metal in a spiral direction; or I place a number of rings thereon parallel
to each other, and cover the axis thus formed with rubber in a soft or liquid
state, so that the grooves or spiral coil or parallel rings may.interlace the said
rubber, and the whole will be thus secured together. In this case the end flanges
may be dispensed with. And, further, I propose to secure the rubber on noiseless
bearing wheels by forming a groove or dovetail on the side of the wheels into
which the said rubber is pressed by one or more rings having a projection
corresponding with the said groove or dovetail, and which may be secured by
bolts and screws passing through the rings and wheel or by other suitable means.
Wheels, rollers, or drums thus formed may be used in washing or wringing
machines, noiseless bearing wheels, printers' rollers, and other like purposes.
The object of the various forms and constructions above described is to
prevent the rubber from starting or becoming detached from the metal axes."
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wilson and James Cow-
burn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 28th August 1867.
We, WILLIAM WILSON, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, and
JAMES COWBURN, of the same Place, do bereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention relates to that description of looms which have moveable
shuttle boxes actuated by the mechanism known as "Diggles' chain," and
are employed for weaving patterns, and the Invention is designed for the
purpose of effecting a continuous action of the said chain, so that one pattern
may be woven continuously when desired without the regular motion of the
"star" wheel affecting it so as to alter the pattern.
Secondly, the Invention is designed to enable the shuttle to make several
picks "to each "card."
The improvements consist, first, in making the flange on the "
ring wheel "
continuous, that is the portion carrying the chain and of extra width, so that the
studs on the "ring wheel" may be withdrawn from contact with the chain when.
no change of pattern is required, and the chain will still remain on the flange
and the stud will pass; this is effected by means of a forked lever which slides

page_text: the "ring wheel," and its studs in or out of gear with the chain, and this lateral
movement is governed and actuated by a cam which constitutes the second
part of the Invention. The cam has two levers or rods acting on its edge, one
forming the "ring wheel" and the other for the "cards" of the "jacquard"
apparatus used in such looms, and has also pegs or studs on its side which by
means of intermediate catches give an. intermittent motion to the cards, so
that according to the number of pegs (which is variable at will) so many
relative picks will be given in each card.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIFE FROM FIRE, AND FOR RAISING OR LOWERING PERSONS OR GOODS FROM BUILDINGS
Year: 1867

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Dixon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th August
1867.
I, WALTER DIXON, of 57, Marsham St., Westminster, Clothier, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIFE
FROM FIRE, AND FOR RAISING OR LOWERING PERSONS OR GOODS FROM BUILDINGS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in placing a ring or eye bolt A over the windows of
houses or other buildings, and to which my portable apparatus can be
attached. The portable apparatus consists of a block with hook and spring
clip B that may be connected at pleasure with the eyebolt above; through
this block runs a rope C, to one end of which is attached a pulley or snatch
block D, the other end of the rope passing underneath the sheave and thence
to the person working the apparatus; to the said pulley or snatch block is
attached a cradle or chair F for the removal of persons, or hook and rope for
goods.
The method of working my apparatus is as follows:-The block to be
hooked into the eyebolt above window, the ends of rope to be thrown.
down to person working the apparatus; the cradle is then hooked on to the
snatch block, when it will descend by its own gravity, the sheave travelling.
along the rope which is guided by the person below.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Thornton and Robert
Thornton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th November 1867.
We, EDWIN THORNTON and ROBERT THORNTON, of Elland, in the County of
York, Woollen Manufacturers and Cotton Spinners, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction and application to furnaces of
cylindrical grate bars capable of rotating on suitable framework. These grate
bars are made hollow and perforated through their crust for the passage of
air; they are also provided with teeth or projections on their external surfaces
for the purpose of carrying the fuel forward in the furnace. Motion may be
given to these grate bars by screws or worms, and worm wheels, chains
and pin wheels, or gear wheels, or any other means of producing rotary motion
in the same direction, so as to gradually carry the fuel from the front to the
back part of the furnace, where the clinkers pass out to the ash-pit.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF SECURING OR UNITING STAY, CORSET, OR LEGGING BUSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Reading, Samuel Alfred
Reading, George Edward Reading, and Frederick Francis Reading at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
8th October 1867.
We, JOHN READING, SAMUEL ALFRED READING, GEORGE EDWARD READING, and
FREDERICK FRANCIS READING, all of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Jewellers and Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF SECURING OR UNITING STAY, CORSET, OR
LEGGING BUSES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
Our Invention applies to the description of busks composed of two strips,
usually of steel, and connected together wholly or partly by means of hooks
and studs, the hooks being fixed to one part and the studs to the other part,
the hooks engaging with the shanks of the studs, the heads of which keep the
books in position except by the hooks being moved back off the studs the
reverse way to that by which the hooks and studs were engaged; and our
improvements in connection with such stud and hook fastenings consist in the
the addition of a spring bolt sliding in a case which locks the shank of one of
the studs within the seat of the book, which prevents the stud so locked from
disengaging until the bolt is withdrawn from the hook sufficient to allow the
stud shank to pass. All the hooks used being thus engaged with their
respective studs it will be readily seen that a complete and secure union is
eflected and will be maintained until intentionally liberated by the withdrawal
or pulling in of the spring bolt or detent.

page_text: In giving effect to our improvements we form a small metal hollow case
with clips or other equivalent means for ready attachment; with this hollow
case the hook is formed conveniently shaped for ready passing upon the stud,
and in connection with the hook a spring bolt works in the case acted upon
by a helical or other equivalent spring inside the case and having a stud fixed
in or formed upon the said spring bolt by which the spring bolt is actuated or
drawn back to effect the disconnection of the fastening.
In the use of busks for leggings, instead of the busks coming edgeway
together, it may be required for them to lie one on the other; in that case it
may be preferable that the spring bolt shall be in the lengthway direction of
the busk.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORSETS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
July 1867. A communication from abroad by Joseph Beal, Granville
Webster, Edward Sawyer, and John Hunt, residing at Boston, Massa-
chusetts, United States of America.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORSETS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing corsets of raw or partially tanned
hide or parchment, which is drawn when in a moist and plastic condition
over models or frames of such portions of a perfectly developed human figure
as it is desirable to copy, and allowed to dry and harden in contact with said
moulds or forms, thus receiving an impression which remains permanent after
the removal of the hide or parchment from the model by which it has received
its shape.
The Invention also consists in perforating the corsets thus formed with
numerous small holes in order to afford ventilation and a means of exit for
the perspiration.
The Invention also consists in constructing corsets of paper, paper pulp,
or textile fabrics rendered waterproof and impervious to acid and without
odour. The model of a perfect human bust being procured, whether in wood,
plaster of Paris, or other material, the moistened raw hide, or paper, or paper
pulp and its compounds, is easily stretched over it and compelled to remain in

page_text: position by tacks, clamps, or other means until dry, when it may be removed,
trimmed, ornamented, perforated, and applied to the human form which it is
sought to improve. Any portion of the parchment form which it is desirable
to cushion and render elastic, as the breast, may be cut out and the place
supplied with some elastic substance. To prevent perspiration from the
person of the wearer from moistening and softening the hide or parchment
the corset may be covered with a varnish of shellac or other suitable material.
The enlargement intended to receive the breast may be partially filled or lined
with felting or some soft material to deaden the noise consequent upon the
crackling or indentation of the hide.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MEANS OF COMMUNICATING INTELLIGENCE BETWEEN PARTS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Pownall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th June 1867.
I, CHABLES JAMES POWNALL, of Twickenham, in the County of Middlesex,
Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS OF COMMUNICATING INTELLIGENCE BETWEEN PARTS OF
RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is an improved means of effecting communi-
cation between passengers and guards of railway trains and between the
guards and drivers.
The arrangement by which I effect this object is as follows:-I place a fast
pulley on the guard's carriage, and I place a free or loose pulley on the
carriage nearest the engine, or on the engine or tender. An elastic band or
similar contrivance is passed round these pulleys whereby the motion of the
one pulley is transmitted to the other, such band extending along or past the
intervening carriages above the doors thereof, or in any convenient position
with respect thereto so as to be within reach of the passenger, or pulls or other
contrivances may be attached to the band and extend within convenient reach
of the passengers. An alarm, a bell, or acoustic signal is placed on or in the
carriages which carry the aforesaid pulleys.. In each carriage is a frame, case,
or holder containing a number of tickets bearing the number or indication of
the carriage; some tickets are blank and others bear inscriptions of such
intelligence as would ordinarily have to be communicated, as, for example,

page_text: spring broken," "carriage on fire," "drunken man," "assault," &c. &c.
Clamps, hooks, or like contrivances are provided for connecting the tickets
with or suspending them upon the band. When a passenger desires to com-
municate with the guard he calls his attention by drawing down the lower
part of the band, thereby sounding his alarm. This may be done, for example,
by a contrivance on the band, which by its depression is brought into contact
with the alarm, or the depression of the band may release a detent or work
an escapement to sound the alarm; or instead of depressing the band a striker
or releasing contrivance may be hung on the band, which on travelling to the
alarm releases the escapement or otherwise actuates the alarm; the passenger
then places the required message on the band, so that it travels thereon
to the guard, and thus communicates to him the desired intelligence. When
the guard considers it necessary to call the driver's attention, or communicate
with him, he reverses his own pulley, and thereby reverses the driver's pulley,
and causes a stud or contrivance thereon to sound the driver's alarm, such
stud or contrivance travels clear of the alarm when the pulley rotates in the
ordinary direction; or the reversal of the pulley's motion may sound the alarm
by other means. Messages and flags, lights, or other signals can be sent along
the band from guard to driver; various lengths of bands may be kept in the
guard's van.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF APPLIQUÉ EMBROIDERY ON TULLE, MUSLIN, OR SIMILAR FABRICS IN VARIOUS COLOURS AND DESIGNS,
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
September 1867.-A communication from Jean François Planus, jeune,
of 31, Rue d'Enghien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
.
I, ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 31, Charing Cross, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF APPLIQUÉ EMBROIDERY ON TULLE,
MUSLIN, OR SIMILAR FABRICS IN VARIOUS COLOURS AND DESIGNS," a communi-
cation from Jean François Planus, jeune, of 31, Rue d'Enghien, Paris, in the
Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in working on a ground of coloured net or other
substance pieces of muslin or similar material of any desired colour to form
various designs, the articles thus manufactured being intended for window
curtains, blinds, hangings, furniture coverings, and other purposes..
My mode of procedure is as follows:-I take a piece of net or other
substance of any desired width and length, suitable to the purpose to which it
is to be applied, on this 1 work the pattern by first tacking thereon a whole
piece or pieces of coloured muslin, on this piece or pieces of muslin I draw
or mark out the design, and then work round the penciled or otherwise traced
outline by means of an embroidering machine, or it may be done by hand;
when the pattern is thus marked out I cut away all the remaining muslin,

page_text: that is to say, all that part which is outside the worked part, this leaves the
ground clear and the pattern in releif.
I employ the same process for table covers, sofa cushions, or covers and
other similar and more substantial articles, making use of cloth, silk, and other
substances in lieu of the net for forming the ground, the pattern being
produced as before, but by the employment of stouter materials, and when
desired gold thread may be advantageously introduced for producing rich
designs.
By this process any kind of design can be produced, such as leaves, flowers,
animals, insects, and indeed any subject which by this means is represented
in the colours natural to the several species.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HEATING BLAST FOR SMELTING AND OTHER FURNACES, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Dick at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd October
1867.
I, ROBERT DICK, of Motherwell, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Coal Master, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING BLAST FOR SMELTING AND OTHER FURNACES, AND IN THE
APPARATUS OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to an economical mode or means for heating
the blast used in certain operations, such as the smelting of iron and other
metal, is intended as a substitute for the blast ovens at present in use.
In carrying this Invention into effect the waste gases of blast or smelting
furnaces in place of being allowed to escape into the atmosphere are carried
into a pipe or duct situated in any convenient position, the pipe or duct being
surrounded by a series of annular chambers into which the blast from the
blowing engine is led, on passing into the first annular chamber the blast-
escapes from it into the second annular chamber by an orifice situated at the
side opposite to that from which it entered, and in passing through the series of
chambers it continues to escape and enter them at alternate sides, thus a
circulation of the blast around the heated pipe or duct is effected, and the
blast becomes the recipient of the heat contained in the escaping gases. The

page_text: blast after being heated is led from one of the chambers by a pipe into the
twyers. Provision is made for maintaining the top of the blast or smelting
furnace constantly tight or as nearly so as practicable, and an arrangement that
may be used for this purpose consists of using an ordinary conical charging
plate fitted so as to slide up and down in the furnace mouth. To this plate a
second circular plate is attached at some distance above, so that when a charge
is placed on the conical plate and then descends into the furnace by the weight
of the charge its descent brings down the upper plate, which in turn descends
below the charging orifice, so that while the charge is entering the pressure
on the top plate keeps it effectually closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATORS FOR CONCENTRATING SACCHARINE FLUIDS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edmond de Bourran at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1867.
I, WILLIAM EDMOND DE BOURRAN, of Number Eight, Rue Hustin, in the
City of Bordeaux, and Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATORS FOR CONCENTRATING
SACCHARINE FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention bas for its object improvements in evaporators for concen-
trating saccharine fluids. The evaporator is composed of a basin or trough to
receive the syrup, and carrying above each of its ends suitable bearings for
supporting a hollow axis, the end of each hollow axis projects a short distance
over the end of the trough and carries a hollow steam chest, which is con-
centric with the axis, and is of such a diameter as to pass down nearly to the
bottom of the trough or basin. The ends of the two steam chests which are
opposite one another are connected by a number of straight pipes, which pass
from the end of one chest near its outer circumference to the outer cir-
cumference of the end of the other steam chest; a central pipe is also employed
to connect these two ends of the steam chests in order to give strength. The
pipes which connect the outer circumference of the ends of the two steam
chests are at the centre of their length stayed to one another and to the
central pipe by a ring placed within the circle of pipes, so that each pipe
rests against and is supported by the ring, and the ring is connected by radial
arms to the central pipe above mentioned. The steam chests are of copper,
and steam is admitted to them through their hollow axes. Within each steam

page_text: chest, and at a short distance in front of the open end of its hollow axis is
fixed a disc, against which the steam impinges as it enters the steam chest,
and the steam is thus thoroughly dispersed. Around the outer circumference
of each steam chest pockets or recesses are formed in which the condensed
water collects, and from which the water is led away by pipes passing out
through the axis. On the hollow axis carrying one of the steam chests is a
toothed wheel, into which gears a pinion, to which a rotary motion is imparted,
and thus a rotary motion is given to both steam chests, and the pipes which
pass from one chest to the other as they are carried round with the chests
will be alternately dipped into the fluid in the basin or trough, and raised out
therefrom..
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE RECEPTION OF MONIES PAID AS FARES IN OMNIBUSES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Edwards Guy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th February
1867.
I, ROBERT EDWARDS GUY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Clerk,
do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR THE RECEPTION OF MONIES PAID AS FARES IN OMNIBUSES AND OTHER
VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the construction of that class of apparatus or
receptacles into which passengers drop or deposit the amount of their fares
through slits or openings, and the objects which I have in view are, amongst
others, (1), to prevent embezzlement by the conductors or other persons in
charge of omnibuses or other vehicles of the monies of their employers; (2), to
relieve the said conductors or other persons from the system of espionnage
now general throughout the country; and (3), to enable the proprietors of
omnibuses and other vehicles to dispense with the services of the persons
known as "checkers," and thereby to reduce their working expenses, and be
enabled to lower their rates of charges to the public. By "omnibuses and
other vehicles," I mean all wheel machines and all vessels plying for hire at
fixed fares on land and water.
The locked-up apparatus or receptacles hitherto attempted to be used have
had no provision by which money placed in them could be tested so as to
ascertain whether it was genuine, and in consequence many spurious coins
were deposited therein. For the purpose of providing an efficient check
against this practice, I construct the said apparatus or receptacles with an

page_text: intermediate pocket or receiver between the receiving slit or opening into
which the fare is dropped or deposited and the money container, and I make
part of the whole of the sides of the said intermediate pocket or receiver of
open network of wire, steel rings, cord, or other material; or I make it of
perforated metal or other material, so, that a pair of pincers or other means
can be conveniently applied through the openings in the network, or in the
other material to test a suspected coin before it is allowed to drop or pass into
the container, a trap door or other means being provided to hold the coin
in the intermediate pocket or receiver as long as may be necessary. The
shape of the apparatus or receptacle can be varied, and so also can the material
or materials of which it is constructed, and it can be fixed to the vehicle or
made portable.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lang at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June 1867.
I, JOSEPH LANG; of Cockspur Street, in the City of Westminster, Gun
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in breech-loading fire-arms relates to that
kind of breech-loader known as the "break down," which is principally
employed for sporting purposes.
My first improvement relates to a new arrangement or construction of
locking bolt for securing the barrel or barrels in place, and consists in the
use of a horizontal spring bolt which is mounted on a vertical centre pin fixed
in the body of the gun.
When the barrels are brought down on their seat
a notched lump fixed on the under side of the barrels comes against and
forces back the horizontal locking bolt, which turns on its centre pin to yield
to the pressure of the notched lump, and then springs back into the notch.
From the peculiar action of this locking bolt I call it an oscillating locking
bolt.
The second improvement consists in the employment of a striking pin for
exploding the cartridges without the use of a spring for forcing or holding
back the striking pin when the hammer is raised. It has been found that
the springs of the striking pins frequently get out of order, and sometimes
the pins stick in their sockets so that they will not work properly; it will
be evident therefore that by dispensing with such springs the arm is

page_text: simplified and rendered less liable to get out of order. In combination with
this striking pin I extend the cartridge extractor so as to cause one end of it
to bear against the projecting end of the striking pin, and force or push it
back in its socket when the barrels are closed. The breech end of the
barrel or barrels is enlarged in diameter to receive the cartridge, which is
made of paper or pasteboard combined with sheet metal, as is well known,
and the gun can be converted into a muzzle-loader by introducing into this
enlarged breech end a thin, steel case or exploding chamber, which must be
covered externally with paper, linen, or some other yielding material which
will cause the steel case to fit the barrel and prevent the escape of gas;
the exploding pin and its socket are removed, and an ordinary percussion
cap nipple lined with platinum to prevent corrosion is screwed in its place.
A small hole is made in the rear end of the steel case or removable exploding
chamber to admit the fire from the cap to the charge. This small hole is
coincident with the hole of the nipple, and the parts are made to fit so
accurately that no lateral escape of gas can take place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Harbison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
1867.
I, THOMAS HARBISON, of New York, in the United States of America, but
now residing at Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, England, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS FOR
RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
According to my Invention I construct the rail in two longitudinal parts,
the lower portion being in the same lengths as the upper and constituting a
continuous chair. Upon projecting parts formed on these lengths I place cap
pieces constituting the rail, and in such manner that they extend over one
half or other portion of two of the aforesaid lengths, whereby the joints become
broken and a solid foundation throughout is required. Between the two parts
above described I place a strip of india-rubber. Ordinary sleepers may be
employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF VENTILATING PITS AND MINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Pownall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
February 1867.
I, CHARLES JAMES POWNALL, of the Union Club, London, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OF VENTILATING PITS AND MINES," to be as follows:-
My said Invention is for the purpose of preventing the accumulation of fire-
damp and other noxious gases in pits and nines. For this purpose at each
and every of those localities in a pit where noxious gases are found to
dangerously accumulate I first cause an excavation or recess to be cut in the
roof or cieling of the workings so that the gas being considerably lighter than
the atmospheric air may rise into and be collected therein. Into these exca-
vations I then lead a pipe of wrought iron, cast iron, india-rubber, or other
material, and of suitable size, which may either be attached to the roof or
sides of the workings, or laid underneath their surface. That end of the
pipe which terminates over the spot whence the noxious gases are to bo
removed is to be led up by suitable bends into the before-mentioned excavation
or recess, and is to terminate close to the top of the same in a funnel-shaped
or bell-mouth end. On the most convenient part of this pipe is to be a valve
or cock capable of being readily opened and shut. The pipes (where several
of them are required) are to be led into a larger or main pipe or pipes as may
be found necessary, and to these main pipes are to be connected an exhausting
air pump or fan, sufficiently powerful to carry off through the suction pipes

page_text: attached these noxious gases as fast as they accumulate in the recesses or
excavations in the roof. These pumps or fans may be placed in the main drift
of the mine, and discharge the gases into the current of atmospheric air
there passing, or they may be placed at the bottom of the upcast shaft, or at
the pit bank or other suitable locality, and they may be driven by steam, horse,
wind, manual, or other motive power. As the noxious gases issue from the
seams of coal they will rise in the recesses in the roof, and the valves on the
pipes being opened and the pumps or fans being set to work the gases will
be drawn off and discharged. And when on any emergency it is found, as is
often the case, that very large quantities of these gases are exuding in one or
more particular parts of the pit only, by closing the valves on the other pipes,
and leaving only those open bearing upon these dangerous spots, the whole
power of the exhausting pumps or fans will be brought into action for the
removal of these volames of gas.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, I declare that I
do not confine myself to the precise details mentioned, but what I claim is, the
'combination of these exhausting pipes, fans, and pumps for the extraction of
these impure gases in pits and mines from those recesses made to collect
them in the roof of the workings.
A NOVEL FLUX APPLICABLE TO WELDING, BRAZING, AND PUDDLING PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st May 1867. A communication from abroad by Anthony Hindermyer,
of Rohrertown, in the State of Pennyslvania, United States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NOVEL FLUX APPLICABLE TO WELDING, BRAZING, AND PUDDLING PURPOSES,'
a communication to me from abroad by Anthony Hindermyer, of Rohrertown,
in the State of Pennyslvania, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application and use to and in the welding
and brazing of steel, iron, or other metals of a flux composed of a peculiar
kind of quartz known by the geological term of "Chalcedony quartz," which
is to be reduced to a powder and applied in the same way as borax or other
substances or compounds heretofore used as fluxes in the operation above
referred to. It is also proposed in some cases to combine about 1 part by
weight of powdered oyster shells or equivalent substance with 2 parts by weight
of the before-mentioned powdered chalcedony quartz, the two substances being
intimately mixed together before using them. This compound flux will be
found to be a valuable "physic" for cleansing and improving the character of

page_text: iron in the puddling furnace, it being simply necessary to throw into the
melted iron suitable proportions of the compound flux, and to work it into the
metal in the usual manner. This compound flux will also be found to give
excellent results when used in the operations of brazing and of welding steel
upon iron, or iron to iron.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MAKING FRAMES FOR LOOKING GLASSES, PICTURES, AND MOULDINGS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Morris Lyons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1867.
I, MORRIS LYONS, of 143, Suffolk Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MAKING FRAMES FOR LOOKING GLASSES, PICTURES, AND MOULDINGS," to
be as follows
I gild moulded, blown, or cut glass inside with leaf gold or any of the
well known processes so as to resemble a gilt frame, or I silver them or coat
them inside with Dutch leaf metal and fill them if hollow with any well known
composition, and then fit them on wooden frames or unite them in any way
to make frames or mouldings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING OR RECOVERING LEES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Swan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th August
1867.
I, ALEXANDER SWAN, of Kirkcaldy, in the County of Fife, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING OR RECOVERING LEES," to be as follows:-
My Invention chiefly consists in employing or utilizing the flame and
beat produced from burning lees. in the ordinary pan or roaster. For this
purpose I place the bottom of a vertical, tubular, or other boiler upon or
partially upon the pan which contains the thick lees to be burnt or roasted;
the flame and heat from the burning lees thus assist in raising steam in the
boiler, and I employ the heat from this boiler for evaporating thin lees pre-
ferably as described in the Specification of my Patent of 16th October
1866, No. 2671. The pan or roaster is heated by furnaces in the ordinary
manner.