Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Carbonate of Lead and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 13th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 23rd May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Carbonate of Lead and
to Apparatus therefor.
I, NORMAN KELSEY MORRIS, of 26 Russell Chambers, Bury Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of carbonate of lead or white lead and
comprises the improvements hereinafter set forth.
One feature of my said invention is the provision of improved means for treating
the metallic lead (previously turned into an acetate by volatilized or vaporized
acetic acid), with the carbonic-acid gas given off by a burning hydrocarbon and
thereby converting it into a carbonate.
Another feature of my said invention is the provision of an improved receptacle
or chamber wherein the said fine or thin strips or threads of metallic lead are
stacked or exposed to the action of the said volatilized acetic acid for turning them
into an acetate, and of the carbonic-acid gas, for converting them into carbonate
of lead.
My said invention comprises moreover improved means for forming the metallic
lead into fine or thin strips, shreds, or threads and thus facilitating the action of the
volatilized or vaporized acetic acid thereon, and various other improvements
hereinafter set forth.
By employing carbonic-acid gas formed by the consumption or burning of a
suitable hydrocarbon I am enabled to produce a hydrated carbonate of lead, which
is in a very finely divided condition somewhat in the form of a thick cream, and
which being devoid of particles, or grit does not therefore require grinding, and
which can be applied much more advantageously than carbonate of lead manu-
factured by any of the ordinary processes in common use at the present time.
Moreover am enabled to manufacture carbonate of lead or white lead from
metallic lead in a much shorter period of time than can be done by any known
process, and to avoid or greatly reduce the injurious effects usually experienced by
the workpeople employed when any of the old processes are used.
In carrying my said invention into practice I provide a suitable cylindrical or
other suitably shaped receptacle or chamber of any suitable dimensions having an
opening or flue governed by means of a suitable damper at its upper extremity,
and suitable doors in the side walls thereof permitting of the introduction therein
of perforated trays intended to contain the fine strips, shreds, or threads of metallic
lead to be treated.
In the lower part of the said receptacle or chamber is provided a space in which
is fitted a tank which is intended to be filled or partially filled with acidulated water
and through which passes a pipe one extremity of which is provided with a nozzle
opening into the said space at a suitable distance below the lowermost of the said
trays, and the other extremity of which is connected with any convenient source of
steam supply. A suitable stop cock or valve is provided in the said pipe for
In the said tank moreover I
regulating or governing the said supply of steam.
arrange a suitable vessel containing acetic acid.
To the above mentioned cylindrical or other receptacle or chamber and communi-
cating with the said space in the lower part thereof is connected one extremity of
a pipe or tube, the other extremity whereof is formed bell-mouthed and has
arranged therein a burner intended for consuming any suitable description of
hydrocarbon. This pipe or tube is preferably of a considerable length, say a
hundred feet or thereabouts for the purpose hereinafter specified.

page_text: To reduce the metallic lead to strips, shreds or threads of the requisite fineness
I prefer to provide a vessel receptacle or crucible in which the said metallic lead is
placed. Any convenient means admitting of an easy and rapid regulation of the
temperature being effected is provided for melting or fusing the metallic lead
in the said receptacle, vessel or crucible. In the lower extremity of the said
vessel, receptacle or crucible is provided a die or block of metal or other suitable
material having several holes or apertures of very small diameter formed or drilled
therein. When the metallic lead in the above mentioned receptacle, vessel, or
crucible is fused or melted it will run or escape by gravity through the said holes
or apertures in the said die or block in the form of thin strips, shreds, or threads
and drop into a tank of water arranged to receive them. Care must be taken that
the metallic lead in the said vessel, receptacle or crucible is not raised to too high
a temperature as in the latter case the said fused or molten lead will pass through
the holes or apertures in the die or block in the form of drops, or short shreds or
strips instead of in long thread like shreds as desired.
The operation of my improved apparatus is as follows that is to say:
The metallic lead having been reduced to fine threads, or strips as above described
or in any other suitable manner, as thoroughly dipped in acetic acid and then
spread upon the herein before mentioned perforated trays, which latter are then
placed in the said cylindrical or other suitably shaped receptacle or chamber and
the doors of the latter closed so as to form tight joints. Steam is then turned
on into the space in the lower portion of the said receptacle or chamber. The said
steam whilst passing through that portion of the pipe situated in the water tank or
receptacle will be partially condensed and will rise and circulate through and
between the hereinbefore mentioned trays (during which time it is further
condensed) in the form of vapour. The metallic lead in the said trays is thus kept
constantly and thoroughly moistened thus greatly facilitating chemical action.
The temperature of the acidulated water in the said tank moreover is raised
by the passage of the steam through that portion of the pipe situated therein; and
the acetic acid in the said water and in the vessel therein will be volatilized
and will likewise pass up and circulate through and between the trays, and the
thin strips or threads of metallic lead thereon turning the said strips or threads
into acetate. Owing to the form in which the said metallic lead is presented
to the action of the acid vapour vis. -like fine hair or wool the said acid vapour is
enabled to circulate freely therethrough, and to act very efficiently and rapidly
thereon.
The carbonic-acid gas required for converting the acetate of lead into a carbonate
of lead is given off as the waste products of combustion of the hereinbefore
mentioned hydrocarbon burner, and passes up through the hereinbefore mentioned
pipe or tube to the said cylindrical or other receptacle or chamber through which
it circulates in like manner. Owing to the length of the said pipe or tube the said
carbonic-acid gas is reduced to the requisite degree of temperature before being
discharged into the hereinbefore mentioned space in the lower part of the cylindrical
or other receptacle or chamber for the metallic lead.
In some cases where it would be inconvenient to have a carbonic-acid gas pipe or
tube of sufficient length to reduce the temperature of the said carbonic-acid gas
sufficiently low previous to its discharge into the said cylindrical or other
receptacle or chamber, I form in any convenient portion of the said pipe or tube a
condensing chamber wherein is provided a suitable jet or jets of water. The said
carbonic-acid gas will thus be cooled or reduced to the required temperature by
passing through the above mentioned condensing chamber, and the length of thic
said pipe or tube can consequently be reduced.
Although I have herein before described convenient and advantageous means for
carrying my said invention into practice it is obvious that I can somewhat modify
the construction of my improved apparatus for the manufacture of carbonate of
lead or white lead without however in any way departing from the nature of my
said invention. For instance I sometimes employ a battery or set consisting of two

page_text: or more of the hereinbefore mentioned cylindrical or other suitably shaped
receptacles or chambers for the threads or shreds of metallic lead, the carbonic-acid
gas pipe being connected to the first of the said receptacles or chambers, and the
last of them communicating with a suitable uptake or chimney having a damper or
other convenient means for regulating the draught. Each of the receptacles
or chambers composing the said battery or set is provided with an acidulated water
tank and steam pipe as hereinbefore described, and the said receptacles or chambers
are connected together at alternate extremities. I sometimes provide each of the
receptacles or chambers in the battery with a separate carbonic-acid pipe or tube.
In some instances I utilize the carbonic-acid gas contained in the waste products
of combustion given off from a furnace or combustion chamber wherein hydro-
carbon fuel is consumed, as for instance from the furnace or combustion chamber of
the boiler or generator for supplying steam to the apparatus. In this case I provide
a suitable fan or blower for forcing the said carbonic-acid gas into the said
receptacle or chamber, or battery or set of receptacles or chambers, and an exhaust
fan for withdrawing the said carbonic-acid gas therefrom, the latter being arranged
to run at about half the speed of the former, thereby providing for establishing
a suitable current of gas through the apparatus and at the same time permitting
the gas in the said receptacle or chamber, or receptacles or chambers, to be
constantly at a suitable pressure and thereby ensuring the efficient action thereof
upon the acetate of lead.
Dated this 7th dov of October 1890
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Carbonate of Lead and
to Apparatus therefor.
1, NORMAN KELSEY MORRIS, of 26 Russell Chambers, Bury Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to the manufacture of carbonate of lead or white lead.
In the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to me and dated
18th September A.D. 1888, No. 13,444, I have described a method or process of
producing carbonate of lead or white lead by treating metallic lead divided into
fine shreds strips or filaments with acetic acid vapour and with carbonic acid gas.
My present invention is designed to provide in a more simple and efficient manner
for the manufacture of white lead by means of acetic acid vapour and carbonic acid
gas, and to provide improved apparatus for use in such manufacture.
My said invention comprises an improved method of an apparatus for subjecting
the metallic lead first to the action of acetic acid vapour and then to the action of
the products of combustion of a hydrocarbon such as refined petroleum or other
suitable hydrocarbon the lead by preference being previously dipped in or sprinkled
with diluted acetic acid.
My said invention further comprises an improved method of and apparatus for
preparing the metallic lead for the treatment above mentioned, by dividing the
same into fine shreds strips or filaments, consisting in melting the lead and per-
mitting it to flow under the action of gravity through small apertures into a
suitable liquid.
By my improved method of treating the metallic lead with carbonic-acid gas
generated by the combustion or burning of a suitable hydrocarbon, I am enabled to
produce a hydrated carbonate of lead, which is in a very finely divided condition
(somewhat in the form of a thick cream) and which being devoid of hard particles

page_text: or grit does not require grinding. Moreover carbonate of lead or white lead can
be manufactured by my improved method or process in a much shorter period of
time than is practicable by any known process; injurious effects such as are
usually experienced by the workpeople in carrying on any of the old processes,
are avoided or greatly diminished; and the said carbonate of lead or white lead can
be applied much more advantageously than that manufactured by the processes in
common use at the present time.
In the accompanying drawings I have shown how my said invention may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a front elevation partly in vertical section, illustrating one form of
my improved corroding stacks or apparatus for the manufacture of carbonate of
lead or white lead.
Figure 1 is a front elevation drawn to a greatly reduced scale showing a set or
series comprising seven of the said corroding stacks.
Figure 1 is a vertical central section drawn to the same scale as Figure 1,
and,
Figure 2 is a vertical central section also drawn to the same scale as Figure 1
showing other modifications of the said apparatus hereinafter described.
Figure 3 is a front elevation, and
Figure is a side elevation partly in vertical section both drawn to an enlarged
scale showing my improved apparatus for preparing the metallic lead for treatment
by dividing it into fine or thin strips, shreds or threads.
Figure 5 is a vertical section of a portion of the apparatus shown in Figures 3
and 4, drawn to a still further enlarged scale, illustrating a detail of construction.
Figure 6 is a similar view to Figure 5 showing a slight modification of the said
apparatus.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawing.
Referring to Figure 1, A A' are cylindrical or other suitably shaped receptacles
for the metallic lead to be treated, and forming the converting or corroding stacks.
B is a chimney, uptake or flue.
The converting or corroding stacks A A' are each provided with suitable air
tight doors A² which permit ready access to the interior thereof. The said stacks
are either formed of, or lined with some material which cannot be injuriously
affected by acids. The upper part of the converting or corroding stack A is con-
nected to the lower part of the converting or corroding stack A' by means of a
pipe or tube C, and the upper part of the said converting or corroding stack A' is
connected with the chimney, uptake or flue B by means of a pipe or tube C.
B is a suitable damper provided in the said chimney uptake or flue B for
regulating the draught.
DD are perforated trays intended to contain the fine strips, shreds or threads of
metallic lead to be treated. The said perforated trays D are arranged in the con-
verting or corroding chambers A. A¹; suitable blocks or pieces D being provided
for maintaining the said trays at convenient distances apart.
In the lower part of cach of the said converting or corroding stacks is left or
provided inorcover a space in which is arranged a tank E the upper part of which
is open and is situated at a short distance below the lowermost of the said per-
forated trays D. The tank E is filled or partially filled with acidulated water and
has suspended therein a vessel Fintended to contain acetic acid. G is a pipe
communicating with any available source of steam supply and through branch
pipes with the interior of the said converting or corroding stack. To each of
the said branch pipes G is connected one extremity of a short length of flexible or
other suitable pipe G the other extremity whereof extends into, and to within a
short distance of, the bottom of the tank E. G³ is a stop cock or valve provided
in the said pipe G for regulating or governing the said supply of steam.
In some instances I provide suitable means for heating the acidulated water in a
separate external vessel, and I deliver the said heated acidulated water into the
tank E through the pipes G G G2 or in any other convenient manner.

page_text: His a pipe or tube one extremity of which is connected to the converting or
corroding stack A and communicates with the said space in the lower part thereof,
and the other extremity of which is provided with a bell-mouthed or funnel shaped
portion H, beneath which is arranged a burner I intended for the consumption of
any suitable description of hydrocarbon; such as refined petroleum or the like.
The pipe or tube H is preferably made of a considerable length say one hundred
feet or thereabouts, thereby permitting the temperature of the carbonic acid gas
given off by the burning hydrocarbon to become sufficiently reduced before being
admitted to the converting or corroding stack A.
Figure 1 shows an arrangement wherein a gas burner l'intended for the con-
sumption of ordinary supply gas is employed for generating the necessary carbonic
acid gas instead of the hydrocarbon burner I. The trays Dare supported upon projec-
tions or ledges D' secured to or built into the walls of the corroding stack, thus enabling
any of the said trays to be removed for inspection without interfering with the others.
The tank E is formed shallower and of larger diameter so as to catch any dripping
from the trays D. A³ A³ are holes for the admission of atmospheric air during
the first part of the process. The holes A³ are gradually plugged up or closed
during the latter part of the said process. I prefer to cover the lowermost tray
with cloth canvas or other material that will permit the passage of the gas and
vapor but will prevent any of the lead from falling through to the floor of the
stack or chamber. A diaphragm or partition of thick cloth canvas or other suitable
material is also provided in the upper part of the stack to prevent the said gas or
vapor passing too rapidly therethrough. This diaphragm or partition is sometimes
perforated to increase the ventilation. H* is a thermometer arranged in the
pipe H for ascertaining the temperature of the gas before its discharge into the
stack A. Another thermometer (not shown in the drawing) is preferably arranged
in each of the corroding stacks. H2 is a condensing box or chamber arranged in
any convenient portion of the pipe or tube H. H³ ³ are pieces of cotton Hannel
or other suitable material suspended from the top or cover H of the said box or
chamber H2. The said pieces H³ are preferably arranged in folds or convolutions
and the lower extremities thereof dip into water or other liquid provided in the
bottom of the box or chamber H Jis a waste pipe for carrying away or
discharging the said water or other liquid when desired. H is an india-rubber or
other packing for forming a tight joint between the top or cover H and the box
or chamber H2. The said top or cover may be kept in position by a weight or
otherwise. By means of this condenser or arrangement I am enabled to reduce
the temperature of the carbonic acid gas sufficiently low previous to its admission
into the said converting or corroding stack A thus obviating the necessity for the
employment of a long pipe or tube for that purpose. The carbonic acid gas is
cooled or reduced to the required temperature whilst passing through this con-
densing chamber by contact with and passing through the said pieces H³ of cotton
flannel or other suitable material which are kept constantly moist by the water
sucked up thereby from the bottom of the box or chamber H2 by capillary
attraction, and is moreover washed or cleansed thereby from any particles of soot
or the like which might otherwise pass to the corroding stack (in case of
imperfect combustion of the hydrocarbon) and injure the quality of the product.
For convenience only one converting or corroding stack or chamber is shown but
a set or battery comprising any suitable number of the said stacks or chambers
may be employed.
Figure 2 illustrates an arrangement wherein the pieces H³ are dispensed with
and the condensing box or chamber His provided with a suitable rose J* con-
nected by means of a pipe J with any available water supply, or the said
condensing box or chamber is provided with means for producing a jet or jets of
water.
Figures 3 to 5 illustrate my improved apparatus for forming into strips shreds or
threads of the requisite fineness the metallic lead intended to be treated or con-
verted into carbonate of lead or white lead. K is a vessel, receptacle, or crucible

page_text: arranged over a small combustion chamber or furnace K' and in which the metallic
lead is placed, any convenient means admitting of an easy and rapid regulation of
the temperature, being provided for melting or fusing the said metallic lead. Lis
a pyrometer by means of which the temperature of the melted or fused metallic
lead can be ascertained. M, M are stop cocks or valves fitted at or near the lower
extremity of the said vessel, receptacle or crucible K, and having removably
secured thereto by means of screw-threads or otherwise dies or blocks N of metal
or other suitable material each of which has several holes or apertures N' of very
small diameter formed or drilled therein, as shown more clearly in the enlarged
view Figure 5. O is a tank placed underneath the said dies or blocks N and
intended to be filled with water. When the metallic lead in the above mentioned
receptacle, vessel, or crucible K is fused and melted it will run or escape by
gravity through the said holes or apertures N' in the said dies or blocks N in the
form of thin strips, shreds, or threads and are dropped or projected into the water
in the tank which latter is placed at a distance from the said vessel receptacle
or crucible K corresponding with the height thereof and the consequent head of
molten lead therein. The said vessel, or crucible K should be of sufficient height
to admit of the fused or melted metallic lead therein acting by reason of its weight
or head to force its way through the small or minute holes N₁ in the dies or
blocks N. Should the holes in any of the said dies or blocks become choked or
stopped during the working of the apparatus the stop cock or valve M can be
closed and the said die or block removed and cleared, or replaced by another
onc.
For removing the strips, shreds or threads of metallic lead from the tank O
I prefer to employ the following arrangement, that is to say:-P is an endless band
or belt supported upon rollers P, the gudgeon or spindle of one of which rollers is
provided with a pulley Q by means of which rotary motion can be imparted
thereto and consequently to the belt P, through suitable belt gearing. That
portion of the said endless band or belt P situated in the tank O is placed at a
suitable distance beneath the surface of the water therein, and so that the strips,
shreds, or threads of metallic lead which fall from the above mentioned dies or
blocks N into the said water will be deposited thereon, and carried thereby over
the edge of the tank O when they will fall or drop from the said endless band or
belt and may he received on the perforated trays D or otherwise.
The strips, shreds, or threads of metallic lead may however be removed from the
cooling tank O by hand or in any other convenient manner.
Figure 6 shows another arrangement of die for forming the metallic lead into the
thin strips, shreds or threads. R is a cap having a central hole R therein. S is a
disc or piece of very fine wire-gauze or finely perforated metallic plate formed of
steel or other suitable material, and adapted to fit into the cap R. T is a ring or
washer also adapted to fit into the cap R and having a central hole of corresponding
or approximately corresponding dimensions to that in the said cap R. The disc or
piece S is placed in the cap R, the ring or washer T placed in position thereon, and
the said cap then screwed upon the screw threaded extremity of the stop cock or
valve M so as to clamp or secure the said wire-gauze disc or piece S firmly in
position between the said ring or washer T and the cap R. The molten or fused
inetallic lead will run out through the meshes of the said wire gauze in thin streams
and fall into the water in the tank O as before.
In some instances I dispense with the stop cocks or valves M and secure the dies
or blocks directly to the receptacle or crucible K, or I employ in place of the said
dies one or more nipples, each of which is provided with a hole of suitable diameter.
I sometimes form one or more small holes in the side wall of the said receptacle or
crucible in a convenient position to allow the passage of the molten or fixed
metallic lead.
Care must be taken not to raise the metallic lead in the vessel, receptacle or
crucible K to too high a temperature as in the latter case the said fused or molten
lead will pass through the holes or apertures N¹ in the dies or blocks N in the form

page_text: of drops or short shreds or strips instead of in long thread-like pieces as desired.
In practice I have found a temperature of a few degrees above the fusing or melting
point of the metallic lead to give the best results.
In this manner I am enabled to form the lead into fine threads or strips by means
of a simple cheap, and efficient apparatus, and to dispense with the expensive
complicated and heavy machinery that would otherwise be required to force the
metallic lead through the small apertures in the dies in a solid or semi-solid condition.
As the specific gravity of cast lead is vastly greater than that of water it will be
readily understood that a very considerable amount of pressure is exerted by the
column of molten lead to force the lower portion thereof through the apertures in
the dies.
It is obvious that the fine shreds, strips or filaments of metallic lead formed as
above described may be advantageously employed for various other purposes other
than that of the manufacture of carbonate of lead or white lead.
My improved method or process of manufacture is carried into effect as follows,
that is to say: The metallic lead having been reduced to fine threads or strips as
above described or in any other suitable manner is thoroughly dipped in, or sprinkled
with diluted acetic acid, either before or after being spread upon the hereinbefore
mentioned perforated trays D. The said trays D with the metallic lead thereon
are then placed in the converting or corroding stack A' and the doors of the latter
are closed so as to form tight joints. The stop cock or valve G³ is opened and
steam is admitted through the pipe G branches G and flexible or other pipes G
into the tanks E, where it heats and evaporates the acidulated water contained in
the said tanks and causes the same to pass up in the form of vapor into the upper
portions of the said converting or corroding stacks A, A', and to circulate through
and between the hereinbefore mentioned perforated trays D. Owing to the high
temperature of the acidulated water in the tanks E the acetic acid in the vessels F
will be volatilized and will likewise pass up and circulate together with the said
vaporized and acidulated water through and between the trays D and the thin strips
or threads of metallic lead. The metallic lead in the said trays is thus kept
constantly and thoroughly moistened with the acid vapor thus greatly facilitating
the required chemical action. The acetic acid acts upon the lead so as to convert
the same into an acetate. Owing to the form in which the said metallic lead is
presented to the action of the acid vapor, viz. -divided into filaments like fine hair
or wool, the said acid vapor is enabled to circulate freely therethrough and to act
very efficiently and rapidly thereon.
The carbonic acid gas required for converting the acetate of lead into a carbonate
of lead is generated or given off as the products of combustion of the hydrocarbon
from the burner I or gas burner 1. The said carbonic acid gas passes up through
the pipe or tube to the lower part of the converting or corroding stack A
through which it circulates in a similar manner to the hereinbefore mentioned acid
vapor, and from the upper part of which it passes through the pipe or tube C to
the lower part of the cylindrical or other converting or corroding stack A', and
circulating therethrough in like manner passes to the chimney, uptake or flue B
through the pipe or tube C. Owing to the length of the pipe or tube H the
carbonic acid gas generated by the hydrocarbon burner is reduced, as herein-
before mentioned, to the requisite degree of temperature before being discharged
into the space in the lower part of the converting or corroding stack A.
where it may be found inconvenient (owing to want of space or from other causes)
to employ a tube H of sufficient length for the above purpose, the said tube may be
reduced in length, and a condensing box or chamber such as that shown in Figure 1B
or in Figure 2 or of any other suitable description may be employed.
In cases
In Figure 1 have shown a battery set or series comprising seven of the said
converting or corroding stacks A thus providing for a more economical use of the
carbonic acid gas generated by the burner 1. The stacks A are connected with
the carbonic acid tube H, chimney uptake a flue B and to each other in a manner
substantially similar to that described with reference to Figure 1.

page_text: It is obvious morcover that I may employ a battery or set consisting of any
other convenient number of the said converting or corroding stacks connected
together as hereinbefore described, or in any other suitable manner, or if desired a
single converting or corroding stack may be employed.
I sometimes provide each of the said converting or corroding stacks in the
battery or set with a separate carbonic acid pipe or tube.
In this case I prefer to use a pipe for the hydrocarbon fuel having suitable
burners provided at intervals therein, and each of which is arranged in combination
with the pipe or tube for conveying the carbonic acid gas generated thereby to
its respective converting or corroding stack. A tank or reservoir for the supply of
the said hydrocarbon fuel is arranged upon a higher level than the said burner
pipe. This tank or reservoir is suitably connected with the said pipe, and a ball
cock or valve arranged in the latter, or other convenient means for automatically
regulating the supply of the said hydrocarbon is provided.
In some instances I utilize the carbonic acid gas contained in the waste
products of combustion given off from a furnace or combustion chamber wherein
hydrocarbon fuel is consumed, as for instance from the furnace or combustion
chamber of the boiler or generator for supplying steam to the converting or
corroding stack or stacks of the apparatus. In this case I provide a suitable fan
or blower for forcing the said carbonic-acid gas into the said converting or
corroding stack or battery or set of converting or corroding stacks, and an exhaust
fan for withdrawing the said carbonic-acid gas therefrom, the latter being arranged
to run at about half the speed of the former, thereby providing for establishing a
suitable current of gas through the apparatus whilst at the same time permitting
the gas in the said stack or stacks to remain constantly at a suitable pressure, and
thus ensure the efficient action thereof upon the acetate of lead.
I sometimes in the case of a large apparatus so arrange the hydrocarbon
burner or burners that I am enabled to burn limestone therewith, thus utilizing
the said burner or burners for the manufacture of lime as a by-product and the
combined carbonic acid gases given off from the burning lime and hydrocarbon for
converting the acetate of lead into a carbonate as hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it understood that
1 claim :-
First. The herein described improved method or process of manufacturing
carbonate of lead or white lead.
Second. The herein described method of preparing metallic lead for the manu-
facture of carbonate of lead or white lead or for other purposes, consisting in
melting the lead and permitting it to flow under the action of gravity through
small apertures into a suitable liquid for the purpose above specified.
Third. The improved apparatus for the manufacture of carbonate of lead or
white lead constructed (with or without the device shown in Figure 2 for cooling
and washing or cleansing the carbonic acid gas) substantially as described with
reference to either of the forms or modifications shown in the accompanying
drawings and operating as above specified.
Fourth. The improved apparatus for forming the metallic lead into fine shreds,
strips or filaments, constructed substantially as described with reference to
Figures 3, 4 and 5 or to Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings and operating as
above specified.
Dated this 9th day of December 1800.
NORMAN KELSEY MORRIS.
Haseltine Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.