Year: 1887

page_text: I, ERNEST DE PASS of 68 Fleet Street in the City of London, Fellow of the
Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has for its object improvements in torrefying or roasting machines
for coffee, cocoa, chicory, and the like, in which the vapours produced by the material
being dried are exhausted by means of a vacuum produced by a condenser.
The improved apparatus consists of a double-cased cylinder closed by two plates or
covers, cast with two tubular journals, one at each end of the cylinder. One of the
journals, that arranged at the left end of the cylinder, has two holes or passages, one
of which places the space formed between the two casings in communication with a
steam generator while the second hole or passage allows of the same space communi-
cating with a blow-off pipe. In the inner part of this journal a pipe conveys to the
said blow-off pipe the vapors condensed between the two casings. This journal carries
a neck resting against a bearing of the right end plate or cover, and its journal has a
central hole or opening which establishes a cominunication between the condenser,
and the interior of the cylinder in which a vacuum is formed through a pipe.
Inwardly, this plate is provided with a cylindrical receptacle, furnished with perfora-
tions, through which pass the vapors produced by the material under treatment
without allowing a passage to the said material. Outwardly, its journal rests against
a bearing, and is provided with two pulleys, one of which is loose. A manhole
hermetically closed by a door serves to feed and unload the cylinder. A double cock
permits of taking samples without allowing air to enter the machine, it also allows a
passage for the air when the operation is completed. The condenser is provided
with a pipe, terminated interiorly by an injector, having the shape of a rose head.
This pipe which establishes a communication between the injector, and a cold
·

page_text: water reservoir is provided with a cock conveying the water necessary for con-
densing the vapours of the material which is being torrefied. The condenser
communicates with an air pump serving to withdraw the water after its
passage through the condenser, such water carrying away with it the vapours
condensed thereby. A main shaft, resting upon two supports, carries a pulley
imparting, by means of a belt, motion to the two pullies of the right hand hollow
journal. Upon the same shaft are also mounted two other pulleys one fast and the
other loose. To the said fast pulley motion is imparted by a motor, such motion
being transmitted to the cylinder by means of a belt, and to the pump by a crank-
disc mounted upon the same main shaft.
The cylinder being half filled with the material to be torrefied, the manhole is
closed, and the cylinder is caused to revolve while steam is introduced between the
two casings at a pressure varying according to the temperature required. The cock
of the injector is then opened and the pump immediately brought into operation.
In order to take a sample, without shutting off either the admission of the steam, or
that of the cold water, or the pump, the belt is shifted on to the first mentioned loose
pulley and the cylinder is revolved so as to bring the double cock to the lower part.
The cock placed nearer the cylinder is opened thus causing a small quantity of the
material to enter between the two cocks; this cock is then closed and the second cock
is opened when the material falls out, without air having entered the vacuum
chamber.
When the material is sufficiently treated the injector and the admission of steam are
shut off, the cylinder is stopped, and the two cocks are opened for the admission of air
to the vacuum chamber, the manhole is then opened and the cylinder emptied.
The machine is provided with the following appendages. An automatic blow-off
pipe, for the escape of the vapours condensed between the walls of the two cylinders:
A vacuum gauge or manometer, for indicating the pressure in the chamber, wherein
is placed the material to be torrefied or roasted: A pressure manometer, for indicating
the pressure of the steam introduced between the casings of the two cylinders: A
cock for the injector pipe, and another for the steam admission pipe.
Dated this 28th day of November 1887.

page_text: Improvements in Torrefying or Roasting Machines.
I, ERNEST DE PASS, of 68 Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow of the
Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (reference being had to the accompanying drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon) that is to say :--
This invention has for its object improvements in torrefying or roasting machines
for coffee, cocoa, chicory and the like in which the vapours produced by the material
being dried are exhausted by means of a vacuum produced by a condenser.
The improved apparatus consists of a double cased cylinder A, B, C, D (figs. 1 and
2) closed by two plates or covers E, F, E¹, F', cast with two tubular journals G, H.
The journal G has two holes or passages, I, J, the hole I serving to place the space
left by the double casing in communication with a steam generator, while the hole or
passage J allows of the same space communicating with a blow off pipe. In the
inner part of this journal, a pipe conveys to the said blow off pipe the vapours
condensed between the two casings. This journal. carries a neck m resting in a
bearing The other plate E¹ F¹ is furnished with a single opening in the journal H,
this opening establishes a communication between the condenser M and the interior
of the cylinder in which a vacuum is formed through a pipe L.
Inwardly, this plate is provided with a cylindrical receptacle N furnished with
perforations through which pass the vapours produced by the material under treatment,
without allowing the said material to escape. Outwardly, its journal H rests in a
bearing and is provided with two pulley's P¹, O, P, O, one of which is loose. A
man-hole closed hermetically by a door P serves to feed and to discharge the cylinder.
A double cock R permits of samples being taken without allowing air to enter the
machine; it also allows a passage for the air when the operation is completed. The
condenser M is provided with a pipe m n terminated interiorly by an injector S having
the shape of a rose head. This pipe m n which establishes a communication between
the injector S and a cold water reservoir, is provided with a cock for conveying the
water necessary for condensing the vapours of the material being torrefied or for
suppressing it altogether. The condenser M communicates with an air pump Z
serving to withdraw the water after its passage through the condenser, such water
carrying away with it the vapours condensed thereby.
A main shaft a, b, resting in two supports X X¹ carries a pulley U which imparts
by means of a belt motion to the two pulleys P, O, P¹, O¹, fitted on the journal H.
Upon the same shaft are also mounted two other pulleys V, V₁, one fast and the other
loose. The fast pulley V receives motion from a motor and transmits the same to
the cylinder by means of its belt and to the pump Z by a crank plate Y mounted
upon the same main shaft b.
The material is agitated by means of tines, arms, or the like fixed upon a shaft
arranged axially within the cylinder.

page_text: The working is as follows:-
The cylinder being half filled with the material to be torrefied, the manhole is
closed and the cylinder is revolved while steam is introduced between the two casings
at a pressure varying according to the temperature required. The injector cock is
then opened and the pump is immediately brought into play. In order to be able to
take a sample without shutting off either the admission of the steam or that of the
cold water, or the pump, the belt is shifted on to the loose pulley P¹ 0¹ and the
cylinder is revolved so as to bring the double cock to the lower part. The cock
placed near the cylinder is opened, thus causing a small quantity of the material to
enter between the two cocks; this cock is then closed and the second cock is opened
when the material falls out without air having entered the vacuum chamber.
If the material is sufficiently treated the injector and the admission of steam are
shut off the cylinder is stopped and the two cocks R R are opened for the admission
of air to the vacuum chamber; the manhole is then opened and the cylinder
emptied.
A wide tube placed at the top of the apparatus conducts to the condenser the
vapours freed from the materials to be torrefied.
The machine is provided with the following appendages :-
An automatic blow off pipe for the escape of the vapours condensed between the
walls of the two cylinders.
A vacuum or manometer gauge for indicating the pressure in the chamber in
which the material to be torrefied or roasted is placed.
A pressure manometer for indicating the pressure of the steam introduced between
the casings of the two cylinders.
A cock for the injector pipe, and another for the steam admission pipe.'
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, as communi-
cated to me by my, foreign correspondents
:―
1. The torrefaction of coffee, cocoa, chicory and other materials by means of a
vacuum and the condensation of either ordinary or superheated steam substantially as
set forth.
2. The construction and use of machines for torrefying coffee, cocoa, chicory and
other materials by means of a vacuum and of steam.
3. The torrefying machine having its parts constructed, arranged, combined, and
operating substantially as herein described, and as shewn with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 28th day of August 1888.