Improvements in Rotary Apparatus for Calcining Materials.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 29th Sept., 1896-Accepted, 14th Nov., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rotary Apparatus for Calcining Materials.
I, DMITRY ALEXANDROWITCH PÉNIAKOFF, of Rue Bauduin Pierre Huy in
the Kingdom of Belgium, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in rotary apparatus for calcining
materials in which the heating is effected by means of the naked flame or products
of combustion passing direct through the chamber or retort to be heated and
through the walls thereof so as to effect both an internal and external heating of
the said chamber, in which substances or mixtures of substances can be subjected
to a high degree of calcination without coming in contact with the air or the
heating products of combustion while the insulated gases set free by the calcination
of the substances can be collected.
An apparatus constructed according to this invention is made with a cylindrical
retort or chamber (I will refer to it as a retort) in which the reactions are to take
place, formed of surrounding hollow tubular pieces of refractory material which also
constitute longitudinal flues or fire-tubes parallel to the axis of the cylinder and
insulated from the retort. Each end of the said retort is closed by a partition
preferably of refractory material and used for preventing the heating gases or
products of combustion entering the interior of the said retort. A pipe leading to
outside the apparatus is fitted to one of the partitions by which the insulated gases
set free during the reaction can be drawn off. Charging and discharging openings
and inspection holes closed by double doors covered with nonconducting material
are also provided.
The two partitions are fitted with registers by which the gases or products of
combustion used for heating the retort can pass direct through the said retort or
only through the flues or fire-tubes surrounding the same.
On the outer side of each of the partitions is an external chamber, the chamber
at the forward end receiving and distributing the gases or products of combustion
either through the flues alone or through both the flues and the retort at the same
time, the external chamber at the rear end collecting the burnt gases and con-
ducting them to the outlet pipe of the apparatus. The retort is enclosed in a metal
cylinder between which and the fues or fire-tubes, hollow refractory bricks are
fitted so as to form a non-conducting covering for preventing the dissipation of the
beat. The apparatus can be rotated by any well known or suitable means and
may be used in the following manner :-
The pipe opening into the retort is first closed and then the registers are
opened so as to allow the products of combustion entering by the conduit and the
external chamber to pass into the retort and out at the other end through the
register into the second external chamber leaving the apparatus by the outlet
pipe. Another portion of the heating gases passes at the same time through the
longitudinal flues or fire tubes which surround the retort so as to raise the walls of
the said retort to the highest possible temperature by the combined internal and
external heating.
closed
When the desired temperature has been reached the registers are
and the gases of combustion are thus compelled to pass through the flues or fire-
tubes alone, thus heating the retort only from the outside. The products of com-
bustion leaving the apparatus by the outlet pipe may be conducted into other

page_text: apparatus or the remaining heat of these gases may again be used. The materials
to be treated are introduced into the retort where the reactions take place by the
charging holes which may be brought into a convenient position for effecting the
said charging by rotating the cylinder. The charging holes are then closed and
the cylinder is rotated so as to secure the intimate mixture of the materials
contained therein and to bring all parts thereof in contact with the heated sides
and the radiating heat of the retort. The gases set free from the calcined
materials are discharged by the outlet pipe into apparatus where they may be
made use of. When the operation is completed the cylinder is rotated so as to
bring the discharging holes into their lowest position so as to facilitate the
discharge of the calcined materials. The inspection holes serve to facilitate this
operation by passing rakes or fire-irons through them into the retort so as to loosen
and break up
the material contained therein.
For a fresh operation the exit pipe leading from the retort is first closed the
gases of combustion are then passed through the said retort and the operation
continued in the manner already described.
Dated this 31st day of December 1895
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
By Apparatus for Careining Materials.
I, DMITRY ALEXANDROWITCH PÉNIAKOFF of Rue Bauduin Pierre Huy in
the Kingdom of Belgium, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to rotary apparatus for calcining materials and consists
of an arrangement by means of which the apparatus can be heated by the internal
application of the naked flame or direct contact of the products of combustion of
the fire and also by the application of heat from the outside and in which materials
can be subjected to a high degree of calcination without contact either with air or
with the flame or products of combustion and the evolved gases from the materials
under treatment be collected. The apparatus constructed in accordance with this
invention possesses the following characterestics :-
(1.) A chamber or retort in which the materials to be treated are placed, the
sides of the said chamber or retort being formed of hollow pieces or pipes of
refractory material which constitute' around the said chamber or retort flues or
fire tubes through which the heating gases pass so as to heat the chamber from
the exterior without access of air or flame or products of combustion into the
chamber itself when so required, the said chamber being provided with any
necessary charging and inspection holes and with a pipe or passage leading from
the said chamber or retort for the collection of the gases set free by the calcination
of the material under treatment.
(2.) Partitions to separate the interior of the chamber or retort from spaces at
each end thereof, the said partitions being provided with registers or valves (both
being preferably of a refractory substance) so as to allow of the heating gases
being passed when required through the said chamber or retort, so effecting the
direct heating thereof by means of the naked flame or products of combustion and
then when the desired temperature has been reached and the materials introduced
to enable the interior of the chamber or retort being closed against the entry of
flame or products of combustion and air and the heating to be continued by means
of the products of combustion passing through the aforesaid hollow pieces or pipes
surrounding the said chamber or retort.

page_text: (3.) The aforesaid spaces arranged one at the front end and the other at the
rear end of the apparatus, the first space being for receiving and distributing the
products of combustion, and the second space being for receiving and collecting
the products of combustion after they have passed through the said hollow
surrounding pieces or pipes or through both the chamber or retort and the said
hollow surrounding pieces or pipes and conducting them to the outlet.
(4.) A non-conducting lining or covering formed of a hollow refractory casing-
(which may be made of hollow bricks) insulating the hollow surrounding pieces
and spaces at the ends from an external metal cylinder so as to avoid the dissipation
of heat.
In the accompanying drawing I have illustrated in longitudinal and transverse-
sections an apparatus constructed according to this invention.
The said apparatus consists of a cylindrical chamber or retort A (I will refer to.
it as a retort) in which the materials to be treated are placed. It is formed of
surrounding hollow tubular pieces or pipes P of refractory material which constitute:
longitudinal flues or fire tubes running lengthwise of the cylinder and passing
through partitions G G' (preferably of refractory material) by which each end of
the said retort A is closed. A closable pipe B leading to outside the apparatus
passes through the partition G' by which pipe B the gases set free from the
materials under treatment can be drawn off. Charging and discharging openings T
and inspection holes M N N' closed by double doors t mn and n' covered with
non-conducting material are also provided.
The two partitions G G' are fitted with registers or valves C C¹, by opening.
which the gases or products of combustion used for heating the retort A can pass
direct through the said retort as well as through the tubes P and by closing which.
the said products of combustion are cut off from the retort and pass only through
the pipes P.
At the outer side of each of the partitions G & G is an external chamber or
space O and O, the chamber or space O at the forward end receiving the products
of combustion from the furnace and distributing them either through the flues P
alone or simultaneously through both of the flues P and the retort A, the external
chamber or space O' at the rear end receiving and collecting the said products of
combustion and conducting them to the outlet pipe K'.
The retort A is enclosed in a metal cylinder between which and the pipes P
and spaces O O hollow refractory bricks H are fitted so as to form a non-
conducting covering for preventing the dissipation of heat. The apparatus can
be rotated by any well known or suitable means and may be used in the following
manner :-
The pipe B pening from the retort A is first closed and then the registers or
valves Cand C are opened so as to allow a portion of the products of combustion
entering by the conduit K and the external chamber or space O to pass into the
retort A by the register or valve C and out at the other end through the register
or valve Ci into the second external chamber or space O¹ leaving the apparatus by
the outlet pipe K¹. Another portion of the products of combustion passes at the
same time through the pipes P which surround the retort A so as to raise the walls
of the said retort A to a very high temperature by the combined internal and
external heating.
When the desired temperature has been reached, the registers or valves C
and Care closed and all the products of combustion are thus compelled to pass.
through the pipes P thus heating the retort A only from the exterior.
The
products of combustion leaving the apparatus by the outlet pipe K' may be
conducted into other apparatus so that their remaining heat can be utilized. The
materials to be created are introduced into the retort A. by the charging holes T
which by rotating the cylinder are brought into a convenient position for effecting
the said charging. The charging holes are then closed and the cylinder is rotated.
so as to secure the intimate mixture of the materials contained therein and to bring
them thoroughly into contact with the heated sides and the radiating heat of the

page_text: retort.
The gases set free from the calcined materials pass out by the pipe B int.>
any suitable receiver or apparatus where they may be treated or utilized as desired.
When the operation is completed the discharging holes Tare brought into their
lowest position so as to facilitate the discharge of the calcined materials. The
inspection holes M N N' serve to facilitate this operation by passing rakes or
fire irons through them into the retort so as to loosen and break up the material
contained therein.
For a fresh operation the exit pipe B leading from the retort is closed and the
registers or valves C C¹ are opened, so that the products of combustion then pass
through the said retort A, then the pipe B is opened and the registers CC'
are closed and the materials charged in, and the operation is continued in the
manner already described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A rotary calcining apparatus consisting of, or comprising a chamber or retort
with hollow or tubular walls and with partitions at its ends with registers or valves
opening and closing communication for the interior of the chamber or retort with
leading from the heating furnace and to the outlet flue respectively, the
end sow or tubular walls also communicating with the said end spaces all
said
substantially as and for the purposes, herein before described.
2. A rotatory calcining apparatus consisting of a chamber or retort with hollow
or tubular walls and with partitions at its ends with registers or valves opening
and closing communication for the interior of the chamber or retort with end
spaces leading from the beating furnace and to the outlet flue respectively, the
said hollow or tubular walls also communicating with the said end spaces, and the
whole teing surrounded by a hollow refractory casing and metal cylinder and
generally arranged and constructed as hereinbefore described and illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 29th day of September 1896.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.