IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TYRES OF RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY AND OTHER AXLES
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JONATHAN
SAUNDERS, of Soho Hill, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Fifth day of October, in the seventh year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Jonathan
Saunders, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said Jonathan Saunders, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Jonathan Saunders, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed,
my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TYRES OF RAILWAY
AND OTHER WHEELS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY AND OTHER AXLES;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Jonathan
Saunders, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW 1, that in compitance with the said proviso, 1, the said
Jonathan Saunders, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon
(that is to say):-
My Invention relates to a mode of manufacturing the tyre of railway and
other wheels by so piling steel with iron that the steel may be at those parts of
the surfaces most liable to wear when the piles of steel and iron are rolled out
into bars suitable for the tyre of railway and other wheels; and I would in the
outset remark, that I am aware that the wearing surfaces of the tyre for rail-
way and other wheels have before had steel applied thereto, but the same have
been so coated with steel subsequent to the iron having been submitted to the
action of the tilt hammer, and rolled into bars suitable for receiving steel, such
processes being expensive, and the steel is not so intimately welded and incor-
porated into the iron as is the case when tyre for railway and other wheels is
made according to my Invention, according to which the pieces of steel used
are piled with the iron, and the pile heated to a welding heat, and passed under
the hammer and formed into a bloom, and then passed between suitable grooved
rollers and formed into a bar suitable for a railway or other wheel, in like
manner to what is ordinarily practised when making tyre bars for railway or
other wheels when only piles of pieces of iron are used. The piling of pieces
of iron and steel to make tyre suitable for a railway or other wheel may be
accomplished in various ways; I do not therefore confine myself to any
particular arrangement of the parts of a pile so long as iron and steel are piled
together when making the tyres for railway or other wheels; at the same
time I have, in the Drawings hereunto annexed, shewn the section of a pile of
iron and steel, such as I commonly use when making tyre for railway wheels;
a, a, being various pieces of iron; and b, b, the pieces of steel; and it will be
evident that when such a pile has been heated to a good welding heat, and
passed under the hammer and through suitable rollers, the steel will be well
welded to and incorporated amongst the iron, and for the most part come to
the wearing surface of the tyre, and the whole will be so combined that there
will be no probability of the steel and the iron separating when in use. I
would remark, that in some cases I have covered the steel in the pile with a
thin surface of iron, which is removed when turning the wheel in the lathe.
In making a tyre for other than a railway wheel a similar pile may be used,
but generally less, according to the size of the tyre. In manufacturing tyre for
railway and other wheels according to my Invention, I have found, so far as

page_text: my Invention goes, that the lower qualities of blistered steel may be used with
the greatest advantage, at the same time I do not confine myself to the use of
any particular quality of steel; and I would state that steel has before been
piled with iron for other purposes; I do not therefore claim the same when not
converted into tyre for railway or other wheels.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that what I
claim is the mode of manufacturing tyres for railway and other wheels by
rolling them from piles of iron with steel, in such manner that the steel may
come to the wearing surfaces, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonathan Saunders, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.

page_text: of our Lord 1844, the aforesaid Jonathan Saunders came before our said Lady
the Queen, in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-four.