IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING MACHINES FOR DRYING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, EARTH, AND COMPOSITIONS, PART OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR FURNACE BARS PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Rydill, of Grove House, Dewsbury, in
the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRYING MACHINES FOR DRYING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, EARTH,
AND COMPOSITIONS, PART OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR FURNACE BARS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by the said George Rydill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th January 1873.
I, GEORGE RYDILL, of Grove House, Dewsbury, in. the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN DRYING MACHINES FOR DRYING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES,
EARTH, AND COMPOSITIONS, PART OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR FURNACE
BARS AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to various arrangements of improvements in
the construction of machinery, and apparatus for applying steam or
heated air for drying animal and vegetable substances, earths, and

page_text: of the machine in a dry state. Part of this Invention of improvements
is also applicable and may be applied as furnace bars and for other
purposes.
This Invention of improvements in drying machines consists in
forming a frame carrying revolving rollers or tubes, with pressure rollers
fixed at various distances from each other, the intermediate space
betwixt the pressure rollers being filled up with the smaller rollers or
tubes which are made to work all in one direction, passing the material
to be dried from one end to the other over rollers or tubes in the same
manner as an endless chain or apron, enabling wool, animal and
vegetable substances, earths, and compositions to be dried; also wool
and rags containing vegetable substances, saturated with acid or other
liquids to be dried and extracted after draining; which wool or other
substances is in the first instance evenly spread over rollers or tubes
standing out beyond the enclosed frame, which rollers or tubes are made
to revolve by bevel wheels fixed on to the hollow roller or tube shaft ends,
also other bevel wheels work in gear with them, which bevel wheels are
fixed on to a horizontal shaft or shafts, or the rollers or tubes are made
to revolve by means of a shaft having a worm screw working in con-
nection with cog wheels fixed upon cach shaft end or ends of the hollow
rollers or tubes, which causes wool, rags, or other material containing
vegetable substances to be dried, to be carried over the hollow rollers or
tubes, all working in one direction until the material is brought up to the
two pressure rollers of larger diameter which may be hollow and heated by
steam, which pressure rollers are driven at the same speed by a shaft or
bands as the small hollow rollers or tubes, and when the material is
sufficiently dry these pressure rollers crush or crumble away the
vegetable substances, allowing the heated air formed, drawn, or forced
in underneath to rise up through the material. After the material has
passed through the first pressure rollers it is carried over other small
rollers until it reaches other pressure rollers, the same as the first, so
that material composed of animal and vegetable substances passes over
and betwixt rollers; in this manner the woollen material on reaching
the end of the machine is delivered like thread woollen waste. This
framework and rollers are arched or covered over when a great heat is

page_text: required by means of metal, wood, or brickwork; and divisions are fixed
across at certain distances according to the length and number of the
revolving rollers or tubes, and the speed at which they are intended to
revolve; the divisions are elevated above the revolving rollers or tubes so-
as not to come in contact with the material passing over the rollers or
tubes to be dried; a guide is fixed on each side of the rollers or tubes to.
prevent the material from getting to the ends of the rollers or tubes,
and at the top of each division chamber is a ventilator which can be.
opened or closed so that the steam or moistened air formed in the first.
division is carried off through the ventilator, so that as the material
becomes drier it gives off less moisture under each division until it
passes under divisions charged with dry hot air, causing the material to
be delivered in a dry state at the end of the drying machine.
In case the small hollow rollers or tubes are heated by steam, a small-
passage for air is left betwixt each roller or tube, and the hollow shaft:
ends or tubes rest on bearers in carriages on metal frame; the steam
enters the first end of the hollow shaft through a stuffing box, and
passes through the hollow roller or tube to the opposite shaft end which.
is connected by means of a bent pipe through a stuffing box to the
adjoining hollow roller or tube, so that the steam entering the first roller
or tube is carried through, returning at the end into the adjoining
second hollow roller or tube, passing through the second roller or tube, is
on reaching the end conveyed by a bent pipe through a stuffing box into
the third roller or tube, and in this way it is made to pass backwards
and forwards through any required number of hollow rollers or tubes
made to revolve, and on the steam reaching the end of the hollow rollers
or tubes it is conducted into stationary pipes fixed underneath, so that
the heat of the steam is exhausted by passing through so many pipes;
and I cause a current of heated air to pass up through the material as it
is passing over the rollers or tubes, the air being agitated by fan wings
fixed on to horizontal shaft or shafts resting on bearers revolving under-
neath the steam pipes, and driven by any suitable means. But for
drying material with hot air I prefer to work this drying machine in
connection with my Invention for producing hot air dated December
24th 1872, No. 3901, in which case I do. not pass steam through the
revolving rollers or tubes, or through the rows of steam pipes fixed over
and under fan or fans, but have hollow rollers or tubes pierced with
.

page_text: hundreds or thousands of small holes so that the heated air agitated
underneath passes betwixt and through the rollers to the material to be
dried; these hollow rollers or tubes are drawn or turned true on the face
so as to form a straight face one with the other. The small rollers or
tubes may vary in size from one inch to six inches in diameter, according
to the up-and-down motion required to be given to the material to be
dried or cleaned; and the pressure rollers acted upon by either levers or
springs may vary in size from six inches in diameter to two feet, or even
of greater diameter, and providing material to be dried and cleaned does
not require to be crushed then the small rollers or tubes form one flat
surface from end to end of the drying machine, which machine is made
of any required width or length, and a steady heat is maintained by
means of the machine being covered in, and the heat at the feeding and
delivery ends is partly retained by the material entering, and being
delivered betwixt rollers, preventing the injurious effects of hot air and
acid vapours from injuring the health of the workpeople.
In case it may be desired, several tiers of rollers or tubes may be
made to work one over another to utilize the heat, and cause the material
fed in at the top of one set of rollers or tubes to be delivered at the end
of another set of rollers or tubes working in an opposite direction, so
that the material is carried backwards and forwards several times and
delivered at the bottom dry, or carriages run on wheels with a wire or
perforated iron bottom carrying the material over a tramway under the
divisions or cover may be placed to utilize the waste heat.
The hollow rollers or tubes work in furnaces by passing cold water
through the rollers or tubes in the same manner as I pass steam from
one roller or tube to another in order to keep the rollers or tubes
sufficiently cool, the water on becoming heated may be used for feeding
the boiler or for other purposes. These revolving rollers or tubes allow
the small ashes in the fire to drop down, keeping always a clear air space,
and the large clinkers are carried to the back and fall down.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Rydill in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 5th July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
RYDILL, of Grove House, Dewsbury, in the County of York, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth ycar
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said George Rydill, Her special licence, that I,
the said George Rydill, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said George Rydill, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING MACHINES
FOR DRYING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, EARTH, AND COMPOSITIONS, PART
OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR FURNACE BARS AND OTHER PURPOSES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Rydill, my
exccutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Rydill, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
This Invention relates to various arrangements of improvements in
the construction of machinery and apparatus for applying steam or
heated air for drying animal and vegetable substances, earths, and
compositions, causing material which is placed on a feed board at one

page_text: purposes.
This Invention of improvements in drying machines consists in
forming a frame carrying revolving rollers or tubes with pressure rollers
fixed at various distances from each other, the intermediate space betwixt
the pressure rollers being filled up with the smaller rollers or tubes which
are made to work all in one direction, passing the material to be dried
from one end to the other over rollers or tubes in the same manner as an
endless chain or apron, enabling wool, animal and vegetable substances,
earths, and compositions to be dried; also wool and rags containing
vegetable substances saturated with acid or other liquids to be dried and
extracted after draining; which wool or other substances is in the first
instance evenly spread over rollers or tubes standing out beyond an
enclosed frame made of iron or any other material, which rollers or
tubes are made to revolve by bevil wheels fixed on to the hollow roller
or tube shaft ends, also other bevel wheels work in gear with them,
which bevel wheels are fixed on to a horizontal shaft or shafts or the
rollers or tubes are made to revolve by means of a shaft having a worm
screw working in connection with cog wheels fixed upon each shaft end
or ends of the hollow rollers or tubes, which causes wool, rags, or other
material containing vegetable substances to be dryed to be carried over
the hollow rollers or tubes, all working in one direction, until the material
is brought up to the two pressure rollers of larger diameter which may
be hollow and heated by steam, which pressure rollers are driven at the
same speed by a shaft or bands as the small hollow rollers or tubes,
and when the material is sufficiently dry these pressure rollers crush or
crumble away the vegetable substances, allowing the heated air formed,
drawn, or forced in underneath to rise up through the material. After
the material has passed through the first pressure rollers it is carried over
other small rollers until it reaches other pressure rollers the same as the
first, so that material composed of animal and vegetable substances
passes over and betwixt rollers in this manner, the woollen material,
on reaching the end of the machine, is delivered like thread woollen
waste. This framework and rollers are arched or covered over when a
great heat is required by means of metal, wood, or brickwork, and

page_text: divisions are fixed across at certain distances, according to the length
and number of the revolving rollers or tubes and the speed at which
they are intended to revolve, the divisions are elevated above the revolving
rollers or tubes so as not to come in contact with the material passing
over the rollers or tubes to be dryed; a guide is fixed on each side of the
rollers or tubes to prevent the material from getting to the ends of the
rollers or tubes, and at the top of each division chamber is a ventilator
which can be opened or closed, so that the steam or moistened air formed
in the first division is carried off through the ventilator, so that as the
material becomes dryer it gives off less moisture under cach division
until it passes under divisions charged with dry, hot air, causing the
material to be delivered in a dry state at the end of the drying

page_text: hundreds or thousands of small holes, so that the heated air, agitated
underneath, passes betwixt and through the rollers to the material to be
dryed, these hollow rollers or tubes are drawn or turned truc on the face
so as to form a straight face one with the other.
The small rollers or tubes may vary in size from one inch to six inches
in diameter, according to the up and down motion required to be given
to the material to be dryed or cleaned, and the pressure rollers acted
upon by either levers, or springs may vary in size from six inches in
diameter to two feet, or even of greater diameter, and providing material
to be dryed and cleaned does not require to be crushed, then the small
rollers or tubes form one flat surface from end to end of the drying
machine, which machine is made of any required width or length, and
a steady heat is maintained by means of the machine being covered in
and the heat at the feeding and delivery ends is partly retained by the
material entering and being delivered betwixt rollers, preventing the
injurious effects of hot air and acid vapours from injuring the health of
the workpeople.
In case it may be desired several tiers of rollers or tubes may be
made to work one over another to utilize the heat and cause the material
fed in at the top of one set of rollers or tubes to be delivered at the
end of another set of rollers or tubes working in an opposite direction
so that the material is carried backwards and forwards several times
and delivered at the bottom dry. Or carriages run on wheels with a
wire or perforated iron bottom, carrying the material over a tramway
under the divisions or cover may be placed to utilize the waste heat.
The hollow rollers or tubes work in furnaces by passing cold water
through the rollers or tubes in the same manner as I pass steam from
one roller or tube to another; in order to keep the rollers or tubes suffi-
ciently cool the water on becoming heated may be used for feeding the
boiler or for other purposes; these revolving rollers or tubes allows
the small ashes in the fire to drop down, keeping always a clear air
space, and the large clinkers are carried to the back and fall down.
Having thus particularly described the nature of my said Invention in
this Specification, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I may observe in conclusion that I do not confine

page_text: or restrict myself to the precise details, modifications, or arrangements,
which I have had occasion to describe, delineate and refer to, as many.
variations of and from these may be made without departing from the
main or essential features of my said Invention. Neither do I claim to
have invented the form and construction of some of the minor parts or
their mode of attachment which I have had occasion to describe and
refer to, but what I consider novel and original and claim as the
Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Specifi-
cation is,―
First. Constructing a drying machine, having also a feeding and
delivery end of hollow cylindrical rollers as well as the centre of the
machine working all in one direction, which small rollers may be heated
by steam or heated air, or the rollers or tubes are pierced with hundreds
or thousands of small holes to allow a current of air to pass through
them to the material, which rollers or tubes arc worked all in one
direction by a horizontal shaft and bevel wheels, or a worm screw is
worked in connection with cog wheels fixed on to the shaft end of each
roller or tube, causing material laid on at one end in a damp state to
pass over rollers and to be delivered dry at the other end of the machine
by the action of steam or heated air.
1
Second. Constructing the drying machine so that the rollers or tubes
work underneath a cover with divisions fixed at certain distances
according to the length and number of revolving rollers or tubes,
with a ventilator fixed in each division to carry off the moistened air as
it rises from the material, while the material to be dried passes over the
rollers from one division to the other.
Third. Working small rollers pierced with holes or heated by steam,
as drying and feed rollers for large pressure rollers heated by steam or
heated air, and when the material has passed over small rollers and
betwixt large pressure rollers, such material is delivered on to small
revolving rollers or tubes and carried forward to other large pressure
rollers, so that the material passes over and betwixt any required
number of rollers.
Fourth. Also placing one set of rollers or tubes one tier above
another, working in opposite directions, so that the material is turned
over on the pierced rollers by the action of the revolving rollers.

page_text: Fifth. Running a carriage on wheels with a perforated bottom under
the divisions to utilize the waste heat, as described in this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Rydill, have hercunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
GEORGE RYDILL. (L.S.)