IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HOODS OF TOPS AND IN THE FOOTSTEPS AND BEARINGS OF VENTILATORS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Chadwick, of Bury, in the County of
Lancaster, Tin Plate Worker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
HOODS OF TOPS AND IN THE FOOTSTEPS AND BEARINGS OF VENTILATORS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Chadwick at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th March 1858.
I, WILLIAM CHADWICK, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Tin Plate
Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE HOODS OR TOPS, AND IN THE FOOTSTEPS AND BEARINGS OF VENTI-
LATORS," to be as follows:-
The hoods or tops of ventilators have hitherto been made with vertical and
radial vanes, against which the wind acts to turn the hood or top round.
Now my Invention consists in making such vanes in diagonal and slanting
directions, so that the current of air or smoke in passing through the ventilator
imparts a rotary motion to the hood or top, and therefore not only increases
the effective action thereof, but prevents the accumulation of smoke in the
ventilator and in the flue or chimney to which it is applied. These improved
hoods or tops are particularly beneficial when applied to the improved
ventilators for which Letters Patent were applied for by me on the Twenty-

page_text: sixth of February, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight. My improve-
ments in the footsteps and bearings of ventilators consist in making them of
glass or other vitrious material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Chadwick in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th September 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CHADWICK, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Tin Plate Worker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date, the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Chadwick, Her special licence that I, the said William
Chadwick, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said William Chadwick, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE HOODS OR TOPS, AND IN THE FOOTSTEPS AND BEARINGS OF
VENTILATORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Chadwick, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Chadwick, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
The hoods or tops of ventilators have hitherto been made with vertical and
radial vanes, against which the wind acts to turn them round. Now my
Invention consists in making such vanes in diagonal and slanting directions,
so that the current of air or smoke in passing through the ventilator imparts a

page_text: These
rotary motion to the hood or top, and therefore not only increases the effective.
action thereof, but when the same is applied to a chimney, prevents the
accumulation of soot in the ventilator and in the flue or chimney.
improved hoods or tops are particularly beneficial when applied to the improved
ventilators for which Letters Patent were granted to me on the Twenty-sixth
of February One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, but they may be
applied to other ventilators. My improvements in the footsteps and bearings
of ventilators consist in making them of glass or other vitreous material.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood, and readily carried
into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me, reference
being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a ventilator, suitable for a flue or chimney to which
my improved hood or top is applied; Fig. 2 is a plan of the same. a is the
casing of the ventilator, containing the spiral blades or vanes b, which are fixed
to a spindle c, in the manner described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to me on the Twenty-sixth day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight. To the spindle c, or to the vanes b, is fixed my
improved hood or top, consisting of the diagonal vanes d, d, and the slanting
vanes e, e; these vanes d and e are set in the same direction as the blades b,
consequently the ascending current of heated air, and the smoke from the
chimney or flue passing through the spaces between the vanes & and e, cause
the hood to revolve in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 1, thereby increasing
the draught in the chimney and preventing the accumulation of soot in the
ventilator and in the chimney or flue to which it is applied; these improved
hoods also effectually prevent down draughts.
Figs. 3 and 4 represent a modification of my Invention. a is the casing;
b, the spiral blades, fixed to the spindle c; in this instance the vanes d, d, of
the hood or top are curved diagonally, and their upper parts are placed in a
slanting position, similar to the vanes e, e, in Fig. 2. The ascending current
in passing between the vanes d, d, causes the hood to rotate, as before
described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
Figs. 5 and 6 represent another modification of my Invention; the parts
marked a, b, and c, are similar to those shewn in Figs. 3 and 4; the curved
diagonal vanes d are rather further apart, and are set at a greater angle than
those above referred to, in order to render them better adapted for ventilating
rooms or building.
I wish to remark that although I have shewn my improvements in the
hoods or tops of ventilators as applied to those ventilators for which former

page_text: Letters. Patent were granted to me, I wish it to be understood that my im-
proved hoods or tops are applicable to other descriptions of ventilators; I would
also remark that my improved hoods or tops may be applied to ventilate
dwelling houses, churches, chapels, manufactories, ships, railway carriages, or
other buildings, by making them of suitable dimensions and modifying the
shape according to the particular object for which they are required.
The second part of my Invention is shewn best in Fig. 3, in which view
f is a footstep, and g a bearing for the spindle c to revolve in; this footstep
and bearing are made of glass or other vitreous material.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself
to the details set forth; but what I claim is,―
First, making the hoods or tops of ventilators with diagonal and slanting
vanes, in the manner and for the purposes described.
And, secondly, making the footsteps and bearings for the spindles of
ventilators of glass or other vitreous material.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Chadwick, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
WILLIAM CHADWICK. (L.S.)