Improvements in and relating to Brick-burning Kilns.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 26th July, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 27th Apr., 1896-Accepted, 25th July, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Brick-burning Kilns.
I, GEORGE LEMAN, of Caer-lan, Ty-coch, Cwmbran, near Newport, Monmouth-
shire, in the Principality of Wales, Brickmaker do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to brick-burning kilos and has for its object means for
utilizing the "after-heat" from a burnt kiln of a series, for drying unburnt bricks
contained in another kiln of the series.
According to my invention the series of kilns is provided with a bottom flue and
another flue above or near the top of the kilns; the upper flue communicates with
each kiln by means of small vertical stacks or flues provided with suitable dampers.
I furnish each kiln with a large door which when closed covers both the ash-pit
opening and the ordinary fire door. The said door is rendered air tight by a
suitable arrangement of packing. Removable pipes are also provided by means of
which the top of the kilns can, when desired, be put into communication with the
upper flue. These pipes are brought into use during the drying stage and are
disconnected during the burning stage.
When a kiln is burning only the ordinary fire-door is closed but when it is desired
to force the "after-heat" into a drying kiln the large doors of the burnt and the
drying kilns are closed, the drying kiln is put into communication with the upper
flue by means of one of the removable connecting pipes aforesaid, and the small vertical
stack of the burnt kiln is opened to the upper flue whilst the small vertical stack
of the drying kiln is closed by dampers. Moreover that section of the main upper
flue between the burnt and the drying kiln is cut off by dampers from the remainder
of the flue. By these means the hot air and gases from the burnt kiln will pass up
the small vertical stack of the burnt kiln and thus into the upper main flue thence
down into the drying kiln through the removal pipe at the top thereof and through
the bottom f and thus to the chimney stack. In this manner the bricks will be
dried by heat which would otherwise have been wasted thereby a great saving of
labour and of fuel will be effected and the bricks can be burnt in much less time
than in kilns as hitherto constructed and operated.
Dated this 26th day of July 1895.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in and relating to Brick-burning Kilns.
I, GEORGE LEMAN, of Caer-lan, Ty-coch, Cwmbran, near Newport, Monmouth-
shire, in the Principality of Wales, Brickmaker, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to brick-burning and like kilns arranged in groups er
series and has for its object the provision of means for utilizing the "after-heat
ID 11
"

page_text: from any one of the kilns containing burnt bricks, tiles, pipes, or other fire brick
goods hereinafter comprehensively referred to as bricks for drying unburnt bricks
contained in another of the kilns.
According to the said invention the group or series of kilns is provided with a
bottom main flue which is common to the group, each kiln communicating with said
main flue by two branch flues furnished with dampers. There is also a top main
flue above or near the level of the top of the kilns which flue communicates with
one of the aforesaid branch flues of each kiln by means of vertical stacks or flues
provided with suitable dampers. Removable pipes are also provided by means of
which the top of the kilns can, when desired, be put into communication with the
top flue. These pipes are brought into use during the drying stage and are
disconnected during the burning stage.
Each furnace door frame is furnished with a large door which when closed covers
both the ash-pit opening and the ordinary fire door. The said large doors are
rendered air tight by suitable packing.
Referring to the accompanying drawings which illustrate two kilns of a series of
kilns connected in accordance with this invention,
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the kilns, and
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
Figure 3 is an elevation on a larger scale of a furnace door frame and shows the
large door for covering the ordinary fire door and the ash pit opening.
Figure 4 is a front elevation of the furnace door frame with the large covering
door removed.
Like letters of reference denote corresponding parts in the several figures.
A, B are the two brick-burning kilns; C is the bottom main flue which is
common to all of the kilns and leads to the chimney stack D. A', A and B' B³ are
branch flues leading from the floor of the kilns A and B respectively to the main
flue C. The flue A of the kiln A is shown communicating with the flue B¹ of the
kiln B. This connection is however not essential. E is a top flue also common to
all of the kilns and preferably communicating directly with the chimney stack D.
F, F¹ are vertical flues connecting the flue E to the branch flues A1, B1 respectively.
ff are dampers in said flues F, F. G, G₁are removable flues forming communi-
cations between the crowns of the kilns and the top flue E. The flues G, G¹ may
be conveniently hinged to the top of the kilns to facilitate their adjustment. When
they are disconnected from the top flue the openings in said top flue and in the
crowns of the kilns are closed by suitable doors or lids. In some instances the
flues G, G are not intended to be removed and are furnished with dampers.
Suitable dampers a', a², b1, b2 are provided in the branch flues A', A2, B1, B' and
dampers a³, are provided in their common connection with the bottom flue C as
clearly shown in Figure 2. Dampers e, e¹, e² are also provided in the flue E, as
indicated in the drawings, viz. one between the stack and the nearest kilo, and one
between that kiln and the next adjacent kiln and so on.
The other kilns in the series are arranged and connected similarly to the two
kilns above described.
Each furnace door frame H see Figure 4 is provided with an ordinary fire door h
and with an ashpit opening h'. It is also furnished with a large door J Figure 3
which when closed covers both the fire door and the ash-pit opening h¹ and is
made air tight by suitable packing. This large door J is closed when the bricks
in the kiln to which it is applied are being dried by heat from another kilo. At
other times it is left open.
The operation of burning bricks in my improved kilns is the same as in other
kilns, but when the bricks in one kiln are burnt and it is desired to utilize the after
heat for drying the unburnt bricks of another kiln I proceed as follows, that is to
say suppose the bricks in the kiln A have just been burnt and those in the kiln B
are unburnt and it is desired to dry the bricks in the kiln B by the after heat of
the kiln A, I close the large doors of the kiln B to exclude cold air from that kiln,
and I connect the flue G with the top flue E. I close the dampers a³, a³, e³, e,

page_text: f, and I open the dampers a¹, f, e¹ b. The course of the hot air and gases is
then from the kiln A through the flue A¹ and up the flue F into the flue E then
through the flue G¹ to the kiln B and thence by the flue B2 to the main flue C and so
to the chimney stack D. In this manner the bricks are dried by heat which would
otherwise have been wasted and a great saving of labour and of fuel is effected;
moreover the bricks are burnt in much less time than is possible in kilns as hitherto
constructed and operated.
1
If it be desired to dry the bricks in the kiln A by the after heat of the kiln B
I close the large door of the kiln A and connect the flue G to the top flue E.
I close the dampers b³, b³, e, e³, f, a² and I open the dampers b', f¹¹ a¹ a³. The
course of the hot air and gases is then from the kiln B through its flue B¹ and the
flues F and E to the kiln A and thence through the flue A¹ of the kiln A to
the bottom flue and so to the chimney stack. In this case the flue G¹ will be
disconnected and the large door of the furnace B will be opened. The working of
the other kiln or kilns in the series is obviously not interfered with by the
manipulation of the dampers of the kilns A and B in the manner above described.
It will be understood that any number of kilns may be connected in this manner
so that the after heat from any one of the kilos can be utilized for drying the
bricks in any other of the kilns while the remaining kilns are at rest or are in use
for burning bricks.
In addition to the vertical flues F, F¹ I sometimes provide other vertical flues
connecting the flues A' B' with the top flue E. These vertical flues are also
furnished with dampers.
I sometimes utilize the heat of the gases coming from the kilns for drying the
bricks in a shed by causing the said gases to pass through one two or more flues
under the floor of the drying shed before they are allowed to enter the chimney.
These flues are furnished with fire places to admit of heating them when the kilns
are not at work.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A series of two or more brick-burning kilns constructed with flues and dampers
substantially as herein described for the purpose specified.
2. The large door J for closing the ordinary fire door and the ashpit opening
substantially as, and for the purpose, specified.
Daid thin 17th d...
A 1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.