AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGE WHEELS, AND IN THE MODE OF MOUNTING THEM ON THEIR AXLES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
CARRIAGE WHEELS, AND IN THE MODE OF MOUNTING THEM ON THEIR AXLES."
-A communication.
Sealed the 11th July 1854, and dated the 11th May 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th May 1854.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
CARRIAGE WHEELS, AND IN THE MODE OF MOUNTING THEM ON THEIR AXLES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of connecting carriage wheels together in
pairs by one solid axle, so that they will be held at the required distance apart,
and rendered capable of turning independently. Surrounding this solid axle is
a non-rotating tubular axle which sustains the load, and for this purpose
extends into recesses in the wheels which turn thereon. Interposed between
the fixed tubular axle and the inner periphery of the recess in each wheel is a
series of antifriction, rollers, arranged in a circle and carried by two rings.

page_text: These rollers with their rings are enclosed in the recess by means of a circular
plate bolted to the inner face of the wheel.
By this arrangement the whole load sustained by the hollow axle is
transferred to the wheels through the rollers, which revolve between the
enlargement of the axle and the periphery of the recess, and thus a rolling
action is substituted for the rubbing of the surfaces.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th November 1854. .
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth, year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special licence that I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at. any time agree. with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGE WHEELS,
AND IN THE MODE OF MOUNTING THEM ON THEIR AXLES," being a,communication
from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton-by-an-instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference, being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):

page_text: This Invention consists in connecting carriage wheels in pairs by one solid
axle, on which they can turn independently when this is combined with a
non-rotating tubular axle surrounding it, which, sustains the load, and which
for that purpose extends into recesses in the wheels which turn thereon; and
also, in combination with the two axles the interposition of a series of rollers
between the fixed tubular axle and the inner periphery of the recess in each
wheel.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is an elevation of the inside face of
one, of the wheels; Fig. 2, a separate view of the cap plate for closing the
recess in the wheel; Fig. 3, an elevation of the set of rollers separate from
the wheel; and Fig. 4, a cross section of one of the wheels mounted. The
same letters.indicate like parts in all the Figures,
=
A represents one of the wheels (both being alike, only one is represented,)
with a concentric cylindrical recess made in its inner face, and with a central
hole, for receiving the end of a solid axle F, so fitted that the wheel can turn
thereon when passing around curves. A nut is secured on to the end of the
axle outside the wheel to keep the wheel in place.
I
A hollow axle E is placed over the axle F, and extends into the recess of
the wheels; and the parts within the wheels are of an enlarged diameter, as
at g, and perfectly cylindrical, leaving a space between this cylindrical enlarge-
ment and the inner periphery of the recess, for a series of cylindrical rollers k,
which are connected together by two rings P, P. The series of rollers with
their rings and the enlargement of the hollow axle are enclosed by a cap
plate H. There should be a slight play of about one sixty-fourth of an
inch between the enlargement g, the rollers, and the inner periphery of
the recess.
The load is sustained on the hollow or outer axle, which does
not turn.
From the foregoing it will be seen that the wheels are kept together, that is,
prevented from separating by the centre or solid axle, which turns with them,
except when passing around a curve, when one or both wheels will turn
independently on this axlé; and it will also be seen that the whole load
sustained on the hollow axle is transferred to the wheels through the rollers,
which revolve between the enlargement of the axle and the periphery of the
recess, thus substituting the rolling of the rollers for the rubbing of the surfaces.
Sufficient play should be given between the two axles to prevent them from
rubbing; and as there is a slight play between the rollers and the enlarge-
ment of the axle and the periphery of the recess, the axis of this load axle will
always be slightly below the axis of the wheel.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention, as communicated to me

page_text: by my foreign correspondent, and explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited
Letters Patent I claim as "An Improvement in the Construction of Carriage
Wheels, and in the Mode of mounting them on their Axles," connecting the
two wheels by means of the solid central axle on which they may turn
independently, in combination with the hollow axle which sustains the load,
extending over it and into recesses in the wheels, as described, and for the
purpose specified.
And I also claim, in combination with the two axles, the interposition of
rollers between the hollow axle and the inner periphery of the recess of the
wheels, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Tenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)