Improvements in Combined Pressure Gauges and Thermometers, and in Dials or Scales therefor.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Oct., 1896
Complete Specification Lett. 15th July, 1897-Accepted, 11th Sept., 1897
IONAL SPE
Improvements in Combined Pressure Gauges and Thermometers,
and in Dials or Scales therefor.
I. NIMROD SIMMONS B.Sc. of Victoria Street Clifton in the City and County of Bristol
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
My Invention is for an improved combined pressure gauge and indicator, in which
a dial and index are used similar to those in the common form of steam and hydraulic
pressure gauge.
In my new gauge the pointer indicates on an improved dial, not only the pressure
of steam or water, but at the same time corresponding reciprocal equivalents to the
pressure indicated, and with one and the same pointer.
That is to say the head, or height of a column of water corresponding with the
pressure indicated, is also indicated in feet, simultaneously; also the theoretical
velocity due to the said head of water is correspondingly indicated, and in the case of
steam pressure the corresponding temperature is shown, or the vacuum in pounds
equal to a given head or column of water is given at sight. When not actually under
pressure the guage may still be used as a table of equivalent reciprocal values.
The dial is marked with a series of concentric arcs or circles, suitably graduated and
figured for the purpose named, and it is not material as to what order the values are
disposed in their relative arcs or circles, but generally the numerically greater numbers
are disposed in the outer circles or arcs, and the one radiating index is provided with
a suitable number of points or marks, to coincide with each arc or circle respectively.
The graduated ares or circles on the dial are in different and distinct colours in order
to facilitate the comparison of different values.
In addition to the dial described, on my gauge I include round the dial of the gauge
a thermometer, having a graduated are suitably disposed in proximity to the tube of the
said thermometer, and the readings of degrees of Farenheit, Centigrade, and Reamur so
arranged as to be readily convertible at sight.
In my improved gauge I use preferably one pointer only, but alternatively I use two
or more small dials on one face with a corresponding number of pointers.
of Otohar 1804
Improvements in Combined Pressure Gauges and Thermometers,
and in Dials or Scales therefor.
I NIMROD SIMMONS B.Sc. of Victoria Street Clifton in the City and County of Bristol,
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-

page_text: My invention relates to improvements in pressure gauges, and more particularly to
My improved dial is provided with concentric circles suitably graduated
and inscribed with a series of numerical values corresponding with the pressures shown
on the dial.
My improved gauge is made in one forn with a compound dial showing steain or
water pressures, and in addition; temperatures of steam and heads of water corre-
sponding with the given pressures; also volumes of steam and other data hereinafter
described. Another form of the gauge is provided with two dials disposed at the
front and back of the gauge, respectively. The front dial usually shows steam
pressures and other corresponding values as hereinafter described, and the back dial
indicates heads or heights of a coluinn of water corresponding with the pressures on
the front dial; together with other hydraulic values.
Pointers are mounted on the central spindle, one for each dial.
In some cases two small dials are placed at the front of the gauge, each dial is
traversed by a separate pointer; and one of the dials is arranged for steam and the
other for water as hereinafter shown for the dials generally.
A Thermometer is combined with the improved dials when desire:l, and is generally
graduated to indicate degrees Fahrenheit. The scale can be graduated in other
degrees at the same time, for comparison if necessary.
When it is desired to call attention to any specified pressure or other value on the
dial or dials, an electrical contact is arranged opposite the said value; and the pointer
is placed in circuit in order to ring an alarin when the pointer reaches the said
contact.
The improved dials can be used with the ordinary types of pressure gauge, and
require no special mechanisin for the operating of the pointers.
With reference to the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is an elevation of the
compound dial showing steam and water pressures, together with other values
corresponding with the said pressures.
The outer and largest figures at A represent Pressures in pounds per square inch in
a manner commonly understood.
The next circle B, indicates temperatures of steam in degrees Fahrenheit at the
given pressures; and the values C are volumes of steam from a given voluine of
wat er at pressures and temperatures indicated. Heights or heads of water in feet
are shown at D, velocities of water in feet per second due to the said heights at E,
and the discharge of water in cubic feet per minute through an orifice one inch
square, at F. The discharges shown are due to the velocities shown on the same
dial.
The pointer on the dial indicates a pressure of thirty pounds per square inch; and
if considered as steam pressure, the corresponding temperature 274° Fahrenheit, and
comparative volume 572 may be noted.
The comparative volume can be considered as the number of cubic feet of steam
from one cubic foot of water at given pressures and temperatures.
If the pressure shown is considered as water pressure, the head 69-12 can be read
off, or the other values as indicated.
The use of the dial is not strictly confined to the values shown, and other useful
data corresponding with the pressures can be substituted.
The combined thermometer is here shown at G on the face of the dial, but it is
otherwire disposed when desired; as on the exterior of the gauge casing.
Figure 2 represents a hydraulic dial only, and the series of values shown upon it
correspond with those on the compound dial (Fig. 1) and are similarly lettered. The
figures near the centre of the dial indicate pressures in atmospheres.
Figure 3 represents the front dial on a double gauge, and gives a series of values
for steam as before described. The pressures shown are above atmospheric pressure
as is commonly understood, and the dotted lines below H are pressures below the
atmospheric pressure. The point H is the ordinary zero of the gauge as traversed
by the pointer X.
Figure 4 represents a hydraulic dial at the back of Fig. 3 and in the same casing

page_text: This hydraulic dial is traversed by a second pointer mounted at the opposite end of
the spindle J in Fig. 3. The dial is fixed so that the sets of figures thereon
correspond with those on the front dial (Fig. 3) and when in combination with the
steam dial is figured in a reverse direction. The outer figures indicate heads of
water in feet, and the other values as before described.
I also construct ny gauge with two dials similar to Figs. 3 and 4, and indicate each
dial by means of entirely separate sets of mechanism. The pointers are mounted on
separate spindles, and the spindles are operated by two similar sets of quadrant and
pinion mechanism.
The quadrants and pinions are connected by means of links to the spring tube of
the gauge in a manner common to spring tube pressure gauges.
By arranging the pinions with a suitable number of teeth I obtain a differential
motion in the pointers, and graduate the dials correspondingly. That is to say I can
graduate the front dial in 100 pounds pressure, and the back dial in 230 feet of
head; which is equal to the said pressure. The said graduations are differential, and
the pointers are operated by the separate quadrants an I pinions to correspond each
with its own dial.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is.
1. In a pressure gauge, the combination with the said gauge of a thermometer
disposed on the dial or on the casing of the gauge as may be desired.
2. In a pressure gange the provision of a compound dial showing a series of
values or equivalents corresponding with steam, water or other fluid pressure.
3. In a pressure gauge, the indicating of corresponding values as described; by a
single pointer on one dial.
4. In a pressure gauge, the indicating of corresponding values as described; by
two pointers on two dials: the said dials disposed one at the front and one at the
back of the gange, and the said pointers mounted one at each end of a single
spindle.
5. In a pressure gauge, the corresponding values as described, shown on two small
dials; and the said dials on one face. The two dials indicated or traversed by two
separate pointers mounted on two spindles, and the spindles operated from one spring
tube of ordinary construction.
6. In a pressure gauge, the indicating of corresponding values as described: on
two separate dials: the said dials disposed one at the front and one at the back of the
gauge, and the dials traversed by separate pointers; each pointer operated by a
separate set of mechanism as described.