Improvements in Metal Rolling Machinery.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 29th July, 1895-Accepted, 29th Oct.,
1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Metal Rolling Machinery.
I, PAUL HESSE, of 9 Garten Strasse Iserlohn, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The present invention relates to rolling mills for producing plates, band and
round as also shaped iron, and the object is to provide a mill in which the whole
rolling operation can be carried out, without having to take the metal under treat-
ment from one train to the next as has been heretofore necessary.
According to one method of carrying out my invention I mount a series of
parallel rolls, in lateral bearing frames arranged one at each side of the rolls, said
rolls being advantageously arranged in such manner as to bring the axis of each
roll on the circumference of a circle having as its centre a point about midway
between the first and last rolls of the series more or less. The diameters of the
individual rolls of the series are gradually increased beginning with the top roll
which is smallest and ending at the bottom roll which is largest in diameter. Each
rell is provided with one or more pressure rolls which may be arranged on the
outer or inner sides of the said rolls, i.e. with respect to the centre of the circle
afore mentioned the circumference of which passes through the axis of each roll
of the series. Such pressure rolls may also be arranged adjustably. The spaces
between the rolls of the series are provided with guide plates or guide rolls or both,
by means of which the material under treatment is guided from one roll to the
next. All the rolls may be driven from a common driving shaft arranged advan-
tageously parallel to the rolls and at or about the centre of the circle formed by
the series. The rolls may also be driven at an equal speed, by suitable gearing
from the said driving shaft. Owing to the variation in the diameters of the said
rolls the circumferential speed of each roll will increase accordingly, so that if
desired each following roll may be caused to pull the metal coming from the
previous ones. The amount of this pull may be increased as will be clear, at
will, and if desired to such an extent as to cause a reduction of the section between
the rolls. The metal under treatment is introduced between the smallest roll and
its counter pressure roll or rolls and passes through the rest of the series of
gradually increasing rolls successively describing the course of a polygon or
thereabout, until it issues from the end rolls in its final shape. I need not
necessarily increase the diameter of the rolls throughout, i.e. from the first or
smallest of the series to the last or largest, since the same result will be obtained
by dividing the said series into two subseries, having gradually increasing
diameters, of which the second or latter subseries may be driven at a propor-
tionately higher speed by means of suitable gearing. In this case also all rolls
may be driven from one central driving shaft, the gearing for one set or subseries
being at one end of the rolls and that for the other at the opposite side.
In
I may also combine two or more sets of rolls of the construction hereinbefore
described, and drive both sets from one common driving shaft arranged between
the central driving shafts of each set, which then become intermediate shafts.
this case the gearing is advantageously arranged to drive each set at a different
speed so that the metal may be passed right round the two sets, either inside
.e. between the rolls and their central shaft, or outside, and issue from the final
rolls at a point in close proximity to its point of entrance into the first rolle.

page_text: I can also arrange three-high trains of rolls radially, the rolls of each train
increasing successively in diameter; the arrangement is substantially the same as
herein before described but three rolls are employed, superposed and each set lying
radially with regard to the next. These rolls may also be driven from a common
central shaft. The metal being treated is introduced between the first and second
roll of the first set, passed round the second, between it and the third and over the
third whence it is again passed between the first and second of the next set and so
on. The rolling process may be accomplished by this arrangement in an extremely
short time.
In accordance with the present invention grooved rolis may also be employed
with equal advantage. The employment of conical grooved rolls is particularly
advantageous the conical rolls are arranged in substantially the same way as
hitherto explained, the counter pressure roll being also conical. Each roll is
provided with series of parallel grooves, the groove at the smaller end being the
largest and decreasing at the larger end so that the smallest groove of each roll
shall have the greatest circumferential speed. The metal being worked is passed
into the largest groove of the first pair, then into that of the second pair which
is correspondingly smaller. It then passes on through the first groove of each pair
until it has passed all the rolls. It may then be passed from the first groove of the
last pair of rolls to the second groove of the first pair, and so on through the series
again until it has required the desired section.
Instead of conical counter pressure rolls I may employ a series of cylindrical
rolls, mounted on a fixed shaft arranged parallel to the exterior line of the conical
roll, but in this case each groove of the conical roll must have an independently
rotating roll, in order to allow for the varying circumferential speed of the said
conical roll.
Thus a series of rolls-one for each groove of the conical roll would be mounted
on the slanting shaft.
In connection with rolling trains constructed in accordance with the present
invention, I also employ advantageously an automatically receding guide groove or
plate for conducting the metal from one pair of rolls to the next. This device
consists mainly in a pivotally mounted spring retained guide piece, or plate, on to
which the metal passes as it comes from one pair of rolls, and passing along it
trips a catch at the end just before it enters the next pair and releases the said
guide piece which falls back on its pivot leaving room for the metal to bulge out
between the rolls if the next air does not take it up sufficiently quickly. The
guides may then be returned to their normal positions at the next operation by hand
or automatically.
In all the previous constructions sufficient room is left between the rolls for the
slack of the metal to bulge out if it is not desired to work the following rolls at
sufficiently high speed to exercise a pull on the metal.
Dated this 29th day of October 1894.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
I, PAUL HESSE of 9 Garten Strasse, Iserlohn, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The present invention relates to rolling mills for producing plates, band and

page_text: treatment from one train to the next as Das Deen heretofore
And in order to render the present Specification more easily intelligible reference
is had to the accompanying drawing in which similar letters denote similar parts
throughout the several views.
Fig. 1 being a vertical section on line a b of Fig. 4.
Fig. 2 a similar section on line c d Fig. 4,
Fig. 3 a section on line e f Fig. 4 and
Fig. 4 a sectional plan of one form of my invention,
Fig. 5 shows a modification in section on a centre line of the machine passing
throughout the highest and lowest pairs of rolls,
Fig. 6 a section on line ik of Fig. 5,
Figs. 7 to 23 show various other modifications as hereinafter described.
According to one method of carrying out my invention (Figs. to 4) I mount a
series of parallel rolls, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, in lateral bearing frames 7 and 8 arranged
one at each side of the rolls, said rolls being advantageously arranged in such
manner as to bring the axis of each roll on the circumference of a circle 9 having
its centre at a point about midway between the first and last rolls of the series more
or less. The diameters of the individual rolls of the series are gradually increased
beginning with the top roll 1 which is smallest and ending at the bottom roll 6
which is largest in diameter. Each roll is provided with one or more pressure
rolls which may be arranged on the outer or inner sides as at 13 of the said rolls,
i.. with respect to the centre of the circle afore mentioned, the circumference of
which passes through the axis of each roll of the series. Such pressure rolls may
also be arranged adjustably. The spaces between the rolls of the series are
provided with guide plates or guide rolls or both, by means of which the material
under treatment is guided from one roll to the next. All the rolls may be driven
from common driving shaft 12 arranged advantageously parallel to the rolls and at
or about the centre of the circle formed by the series. The rolls may also be
driven at an equal speed, by suitable gearing 10, 11 from the driving shaft, 12
mounted in the frame 7. Owing to the variation in the diameters of the said rolls
the circumferential speed of each roll will increase accordingly, so that if desired
each following roll may be caused to pull the metal coming from the previous ones.
The amount of this pull may be increased as will be clear, at will, and if desired to
such an extent as to cause a reduction of the section between the rolls.
metal 14 under treatment is introduced between the smallest roll and its counter
pressure roll or rolls and passes through the rest of the series of gradually
increasing rolls successively describing the course of a polygon or thereabout,
until it issues from the end rolls in its final shape.
The
In Figs. 5 and 6 four conical grooved rolls 16, 17, 18 and 19 are shown mounted
in standards 25 and 26, the largest diameter x of the smallest roll 16 being greater
than the smallest diameter Y of the largest roll 19. Details of construction are
shown on Sheet III Figs. 18 and 17. All the rolls are rotated in one and the
same direction by the common gear 20.
If the metal bar under treatment is introduced into the groove Z at the smaller
end of the smallest roll 16 and passed through the corresponding grooves of the
next three rolls 17, 18 and 19, it will only be necessary to guide the metal issuing
from the groove m of roll 19, to the groove n of roll 16, in order to repeat the
reduction through four corresponding grooves of rolls 16, 17, 18 and 19.
Thus an
eight fold treatment of the metal may be accomplished in a fraction of a second by
means of 4 pairs of rolls.
A closed or slotted tube will be sufficient to guide the metal bar from roll 19
back to roll 16, or the guide rolls and rails shown in Fig. 1 may be employed.
Special means for automatically guiding the metal from one roll to the other are
shown in Figs. 13 and 19 to 23 of Sheet III and herein after described. For each
groove of the rolls 16, 17, 18 and 19 of Figs. 5 and 6 special counter pressure rolls 21

page_text: and 22 are arranged so as to enable each roll 21, 22 to rotate independently of the
next lying roll. The shaft 23 of the said rolls is stationary being held by suitable
wedges 24.
Fig. 7 of Sheet 2 shows a machine in vertical section in which the roll 28 is
provided with a counter pressure roll 29 the other rolls 30, 31, 32 having each two
counter pressure rolls 33, and rolls 34 and 35 each three, of such rolls 36. The
increase in the number of pressure rolls effects a more intensive treatment of the
metal, and imparts to the same a proper direction of motion so that guide rolls may
be dispensed with.
The metal 39 may rise or bulge out between each two of the rolls as shown in
dotted lines 40 in Fig. 7. This has the advantages that the circumferential speed
of each roll will be independent of that of the previous one, so that the variation
in the section of the metal under treatment need not be taken into consideration, a
matter of considerable importance in the manufacture of hoop, rod and shaped iron,
since in this case a cousiderable reduction in the section will cause a very great
difference in the speed of the metal between the roll pairs. Thus the calculation
of the diameter of each roll is considerably facilitated and the same train of rolls
may be employed for metal of different thicknesses without having to interchange
the rolls. This advantage is still more sharply defined in the machinery shown in
Figs. 8, 9 and 10 of Sheet 2 (Fig. 8 section on line I m of Fig. 10) Fig. 9 a section
on line prof Fig. 10 which is a sectional plan. The device consists of two separate
trains having a common driving shaft 41, and gearing 42, 43 and 44, which drive
the rolls 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 and 52 as shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10 by means
of the pinions 67.
As will be seen from Fig. 8 the counter pressure rolls 53 are arranged interiorly,
the positively driven rolls exteriorly. This has the advantage that the metal 54
under treatment describes a shorter path than if the counterpressure rolls are
arranged exteriorly as shown in dotted lines 55, whilst at the same time the speed
of the said metal 54 remains the same, so that the metal 54 is exposed to the cooling
influence of the surrounding atmosphere for a much shorter time. This arrangement
is particularly advantageous in making very thin plates and fine wire.
In Figs. 11 and 12 four three high trains of rolls are illustrated, arranged in a
semicircle and driven by the common driving shaft 56 and gear 57. The manner
of driving the rolls proper and counter pressure rolls will be evident from the
drawing.
Several pressure and polishing rolls 69 may be arranged around the circumference
of the rolls 59, 60 61 and 62. As the metal under treatment will contact with the
greater part of the circumferences of the rolls 59, 60, 61, and 62 as also of the
pressure rolls 63, 64, 65, 66 any slip of the metal 68 is entirely prevented; at
the same time an intensive treatment of the same under high pressure of the rolls
is effected and a considerable pull exercised on the said metal, resulting in a great
reduction of the section; Figs. 13 to 23 show further modifications and details of
the rolling trains illustrated on Sheets I and II.
Figs. 13 and 14 show the main driving shaft 70 mounted in the standards 71
and 72, the gear 73 at one side engaging the gears 74, 75, 76 and 77 of equal
diameters. The gear 78 engages the wheels 79, 80 and 81 having about half the
diameter of the wheel 78, consequently the corresponding rolls 82, 83, 84 will be
driven at double the speed of those rolls 85, 86, 87 and 88 driven by the gear 73.
Thus although the roll 84 is only about half the diameter of roll 85 its circum-
ferential speed will be greater than that of 85. By this means the advantage is
obtained, that the necessary increase of circumferential speed is obtained without
however increasing the diameter of the rolls to too great an extent, in working the
metal 89. Thus smaller machinery will perform the same amount of work and the
prime costs of same be decreased.
Since further all the gears are spur wheels, and the bearings 90 and 91 of the
sbaft 70 may be horizontally and vertically adjustable, by the introduction of
corresponding cog wheels any desired speed of the rolls 82 to 88 of Figs. 13

page_text: and 14 may be obtained and the gearing varied, which is of great importance for
the different kinds of work and material.
Figs. 15 and 16 show a modification of the machine represented in Figs. 9 and 10
of Sheet II. The main driving shaft 92 drives the spur wheel 94 by means of
gearing 93, said wheel 94 having the same diameter as the wheel 93 and serving
to drive the gears 95, 96, 97, 98 99 with rolls 100, 101, 102, 103 and 104. The
gear 93 also drives the wheel 106 having about half the diameter of 93, so that
106 coupled to 107 will make about double the number of revolutions of 94 and
transmit this motion to the gears 108, 109, 110, 111, 112 and their rolls 113, 114,
115, 116 and 117, by which means the above mentioned advantages of the rolling
machinery of Figs. 13 and 14, and in addition to these the following are obtained :-
a common driving gear for both trains, by means of which trains the metal 118
under treatment may either be finished entirely in the right hand train, or if
necessary be immediately taken to the left hand one and further treated, in which
latter case the work will be delivered from the rolls at about the same point, at
which it is passed between the same. Furthermore the total height of the train
will be considerably less than that of Figs. 13 and 14, in spite of the large number
of rolls (10). Thus less attendance will be required and the prime costs decreased
and the rolls may be employed for different purposes viz., either as two separate
trains or as a combined train, so that plates may be produced on one train and
shaped iron or the like on the other.
Figs. 17 and 18 show details of the rolls illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6. Each
groove of the roll 120 has a separate counter pressure roll 121 to 127 mounted on
a stationary shaft 119 so that said rolls can rotate independently of each other and
adjust themselves to the circumferential speed of the various grooves. In Figs. 19
and 20 a pivoted guide groove 131, 132, 133 is attached underneath each groove
of the roll 129 said guides being pivoted in the spindle 130 (Fig. 22) the free ends
of the said guides resting on projections of levers 135 mounted on the spindle 134
and supported by springs 136.
The bar of metal 137 issuing from one of the grooves of the roll 129 will be
guided by the guide groove 131 direct to the corresponding groove of the next
roll 138. During this passage of the said metal it will turn the lever 135 far
enough round its pivot to enable the guide 131 to fall off the projection of said
lever as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 19, at the same moment the advancing end
of the metal will be gripped by the next rolls, and then owing to the fall of the
guide, the metal will be free to bulge out between the rolls if necessary.
In rolling
plates the device of Figs. 19 to 23 would consist of a flat guide plate having no
grooves and corresponding to the width of the plate being rolled.
From Figs. 21, 22 and 23 it will be seen that the spindle 130 is provided
with a key throughout its length and that the boss of each guide lever 131 ctc. is
provided with a recess corresponding to the key but longer than the breadth of
same to enable the fall of said guides. If it is required to return the guides to
their position on the projection of the levers 135 it will only be necessary to pull
the handle 140 having rod 141 pivoted to the bell crank lever 142 fast on the
spindle 130, the key of said spindle will then raise all the guides, which will catch
on to the projections of the spring pressed levers 135. To the other arin of the
bell crank lever 142 is pivoted a connecting rod 143, which couples the said arm
to a corresponding bell crank of the next set of rolls.
By this means the advantage is obtained that the labour hitherto required to
guide the metal from one set to the next may be dispensed with.
The guides 131 etc. may of course be operated in the opposite direction and they
may be provided with weights instead of springs or they may be returned to their
horizontal or nearly horizontal position by means of weights or springs, pistons,
buffers or the like automatically.
Mechanical devices may also be employed in connection with these guide plates
or tongues by means of which the metal leaving the rolls may be turned round
automatically an angle of 90°.

page_text: From the foregoing description it will be evident that by employing the
necessary form of rolls, either plates, hoop, bar or shaped iron may be manu-
factured on all the rolling trains described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A metal rolling mill as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 3 and 4, for rolling plates,
hoop, bar or shaped iron, having a number of smooth or grooved cylindrical rolls,
adapted to exercise a pull on the metal between each pair of rolls, the axis of the
said rolls being all mounted in the circumference of a circle, the centre of which
coincides with the axis of a common driving shaft, the axes of all the rolls and of
the driving shaft being parallel to each other substantially as described.
2. A metal rolling mill as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, having conical rolls (16,
17, 18 and 19) with varying grooves and of increasing diameters, said rolls all
being mounted in two standards (25, 26) so that the axes of each roll shall lie on
the circumference of a circle (or polygon) all axes being parallel to each other,
said rolls being driven by a common gear (20) and separate pressure rolls for each
groove of each roll all the pressure rolls for one conical roll being mounted on
a common stationary shaft substantially as described.
3. A rolling mill as illustrated in Fig. 7, having a series of rolls of increasing
diameters, said rolls each having one or more counter pressure rolls in order to
impart to the metal under treatment a proper direction of notion, no pull being
exercised on the metal between each pair of rolls, substantially as described.
4: A rolling mill as illustrated in Figs. 8, 9, 10 having a driving gear (42)
adapted to drive two gears (43 44) simultaneously, the centres of said two gears
coinciding with the centres of two arcs of circles, in the circumferences of which
the centre lines of the two separate rolling trains (45 to 48 and 49 to 52) fall
respectively.
5. A modification of the rolling trains covered in Claims 1 to 3, as illustrated in
Figs. 11 and 12, consisting in the arrangement of three high trains of rolls, all
the rolls of each train being provided with geared driving mechanism.
6. A rolling mill as shown in Figs. 13 and 14, having a series of rolls (88, 87,
86, 85) of increasing diameters and equal speed of rotation, and a second series of
rolls having increasing diameters the first of said second series (84, 83, 82) having
smaller diameter than the last of the first series, said second series having a greater
speed of rotation than the first series by means of a common driving shaft (70)
mounted in standards (71, 72) and adapted to drive two or more gears of various
diameters, engaging the pinions of the rolls substantially as described.
7. A modification of the rolling mill covered in Claim 4 as illustrated in Figs. 15
and 16, having a driving gear (93) engaging a tooth wheel (94) adapted to drive
a series of rolls of increasing diameters said driving gear (93) simultaneously
driving a gear (106) smaller than the gear 94 and being rigidly fixed to a larger
gear (107) so as to drive rolls 113 and 114 to 117 of a separate train, faster than
rolls 100 to 104 substantially as described.
8. A device in combination with the rolling mills described and shown consisting
of suitable guide plate or plates arranged between the roll pairs said guides being
pivotally suspended at one end and detachably retained at the opposite end, said
opposite end being freed to fall, by the metal under treatment as it advances,
all said guides being subsequently returned to their operative positions simul-
taneously by suitable mechanism as described.
Tlated this 20th day of Jul. 1905
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.