Year: 1886

page_text: We, WILLIAM BENSON, brick and tile manufacturer, and LEHI GUNNING, fitter,
both of Rudgeway Road, Fishponds, in the County of Gloucester, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture, in clay and similar material, of tiles
such as are used for paving floors and in similar situations and which are technically
termed "quarries." It is also applicable to the manufacture of bricks and other like
and analogous articles.
The tendency of cleanly and smoothly cut slabs or layers of clay and other like
material to adhere to one another when placed one on the other in a plastic
condition, and the difficulty of separating them without injuring or destroying
the smoothness of the adhering faces, have hitherto rendered generally imprac-
ticable the manufacture therein, in more than one horizontally disposed layer at a
time, of tiles and other like articles in which smoothness of face or faces is
necessary or desirable.
Now this invention consists in preventing adhesion by the introduction, by
means of suitable machinery or apparatus, of oil, water or other suitable liquid
between the layers of a horizontally divided mass of clay or similar substance.
The horizontal division of the mass into layers is effected by a partition or
partitions conveniently fitted in the compressing chamber of a pug mill, from which
chamber the mass is expressed in the usual manner.
The oil, water or other liquid to be used is introduced between the layers at or
near the point at which they issue from the compressing chamber. The intro-
duction and distribution of the liquid is effected by means of a roller placed
outside and parallel to the orifice by which the substance issues from the com-
pressing chamber. At each division of the substance there is a separate roller.
The roller bears lightly upon the upper face of the undermost layer and is thereby
caused to rotate.

page_text: The oil, water or other liquid to be introduced is supplied to the roller from a
chamber formed in a partition by which the clay is divided. This chamber is per-
forated or slotted to permit the liquid to pass to the periphery of the roller. It
communicates with a tank or reservoir of the liquid.
Instead of being driven by contact with a layer of clay or other substance, as
aforesaid, the distributing roller may be driven from the roller by which the
horizontally-divided mass is fed to the "cutting-off" table for the purpose of being
transversely divided, as is well understood.
The tiles or other articles into which the mass is cut at the cutting-off table do
not, when manufactured as above described, adhere to one another, and they may
be, consequently, separated without injury to the smooth character of their faces.
1000
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.
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page_text: We, WILLIAM BENSON, brick and tile manufacturer, and LEHI GUNNING, fitter,
both of Rudgeway Road, Fishponds, in the county of Gloucester, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention, which relates principally to the manufacture, in clay and such
like material, of flooring tiles, is also applicable to the manufacture of bricks and
similar articles.
The tendency of smoothly divided slabs or layers of clay to adhere to one
another when placed one on the other in a plastic condition and the difficulty of
separating them without impairing the smooth character of the adhering faces,
have hitherto rendered generally impracticable the manufacture therein, in more
than one horizontally disposed layer at a time, of tiles and other like articles in
which smoothness of face is required.
Now this invention consists in the introduction of a suitable liquid, preferably
oil, to counteract the adhesive tendency above mentioned and thereby to render
practicable the manufacture of the articles aforesaid in more than one layer at a
time. The rate of production of the articles is increased and the smoothness of
face unimpaired.
The mass of clay, as it is expressed from the compressing chamber of a pug mill,
is divided horizontally by a partition or by a series of partitions arranged in a
throat attached to or formed in one piece with the compressing chamber, and the
liquid aforesaid is introduced between the layers at or near the point of issue from
the said throat.
In the outer end of each partition for dividing the clay is a channel to which
the oil or other liquid employed is supplied by a pipe which communicates with a
tank, reservoir or other source of supply. From the channel in the partition the
liquid passes out by a series of perforations or slots and, by means of a rotating
roller extending along the partition, is distributed between the layers of clay. The
roller may be rotated by contact with one of the issuing layers of clay, or it may
be driven from the roller whereby the layers are fed to the "cutting-off" table for
the purpose of being divided transversely as may be required.
Referring to the accompanying sheets of illustrative drawings, Fig. 1, Sheet 1,
represents a section of a portion of the compressing chamber A of a pug mill such
as is ordinarily employed in the manufacture of flooring tiles, bricks and other like
articles, and having attached thereto apparatus for dividing the clay horizontally
and introducing oil, water or other suitable liquid between the layers in accordance
with this invention. Fig. 2. Sheet 2, represents a front elevation of the apparatus.
Under the arrangment shewn in the drawings the clay is divided into two
layers only, but it will be readily understood that by the employment of additional
partitions a greater number of layers may be produced.

page_text: As the clay a issues from the compressing chamber into the throat B, which may
be either bolted to the compressing chamber, as shown, or made in one piece there-
with, it encounters the partition 6 whereby it is divided into two layers. Towards
the front end of the partition b there is a channel d which extends throughout the
partition as indicated in dotted lines at Fig. 2, Sheet 2. The oil or other liquid
which is to be introduced between the layers of clay for the purpose of preventing
them from adhering is supplied to the channel d by a pipe c communicating with a
tank, reservoir or other source of supply. From the channel d the liquid flows
through slots or orifices e on to the periphery of the roller F which is carried in
bearings in front of the partition b as shown. For each additional partition which
may be employed to divide the clay a roller such as F is, as will be understood,
required. The roller F is caused to rotate either by contact with the upper face of
the lower layer of clay, or by means of a pulley driven from the roller G by which
the clay is fed to the "cutting off" table for the purpose of being divided trans-
versely to form the articles being made. By the roller F the liquid is distributed
along the underside of the upper and the top of the lower layer of clay, and the
adhesion of the layers is prevented by the interposed liquid.
After having been transversely cut in the usual manner at the "cutting-off"
table, the tiles, bricks or other like articles are readily separated without impairing
the smooth character of the faces.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. In the manufacture of flooring tiles, bricks and other like articles, the inter-
position of oil, water or other suitable liquid between the layers of a horizontally
divided mass of clay or similar substance passing from the pug mill to the
"cutting-off" table, for the purpose of preventing adhesion of the layers, as herein-
before described and shown in the annexed sheets of drawings.
2. In the manufacture of flooring tiles, bricks and other like articles, the use of
a throat or chamber such as B provided with a partition or partitions such as b
arranged to divide the clay as it issues from the pug mill, and having a channel or
channels such as d at or near the outer end with outlets to convey oil, water or
other suitable liquid; and a rotating roller or rollers such as F to distribute the
said liquid between the layers of clay thus divided and 'thereby to prevent their
adhesion, substantially as herein before described, and shown in the annexed
drawings.
1