Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA-RUBBER HOSE AND TUBING, AND IN THE PRESERVATION OF INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA, AND RUBBER FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Archibald Turner, of Leicester, in the County
of Leicester, Elastic Web Manufacturer, for the Invention of “Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA-RUBBER HOSE AND TUBING, AND
IN THE PRESERVATION OF INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA, AND RUBBER
FABRICS." A communication from abroad by Charles Righter, of
the City and State of New York, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Archibald Turner
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th September 1873.
:
I, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester,
5 Elastic Web Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA-RUBBER HOSE
and Tubing, and IN THE PRESERVATION OF INDIA-rubber, Gutta PERCHA, AND
RUBBER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
India-rubber hose after a few years service becomes very much

page_text: °
weakened, this is due to rot or decay in the fibrous material which
composes the body of the hose. The object of the present Invention is
to prevent this decay by the use of carbolic acid or its equivalents by
impregnating the fabric to be used in the manufacture of india-rubber
hose with carbolic acid or any of its related series of compounds. In
a solution composed of two parts, carbolic acid and one hundred parts
of water I immerse the duck, canvas, or other fibrous material to be
used in forming the hose which is then made in the ordinary manner.
Rubber goods both vulcanized and not vulcanized undergo after
manufacture a slow decay whereby their freshness or elasticity is greatly
impaired. The exact cause of this decay is not well known, but it has
been attributed to the slow oxidation of the rubber itself. By incor-
porating phenol, or carbolic acid, or its equivalents with the rubber or
gutta percha before or during the process of manufacture, or after its
vulcanization by immersion in the carbolic acid, this decay is prevented
and the goods produced rendered far more durable.
This Invention is especially applicable in the manufacture of the
various kinds of elastic cloth or webbing, woven fabrics, hollow ware,
belting, packing, hose, and similar goods in which the elastic compounds
of india-rubber and gutta percha or allied gums are employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Archibald Turner in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th March 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I," ARCHIBALD
TURNER, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Elastic Web Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Archibald Turner, Her
special licence that I, the said Archibald Turner, my executors,

page_text: "
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Archibald
Turner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA-RUBBER HOSE AND TUBING, AND
IN THE PRESERVATION OF INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA, AND RUBBER FABRICS,'
being a communication to me from abroad by Charles Righter, of the
City and State of New York, United States of America, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Archibald Turner, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Archibald Turner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say) :-
India-rubber and other hose after a few years service becomes very
much weakened, this is due to the hose being subjected to damp or
exposed to the action of the atmosphere. These agencies will very soon
set up, rot, or decay in the materials which compose the body of the
hose. One object of the present Invention is to prevent this decay, and
this is effected by treating the fabrics with carbolic acid or its equivalent.
The carbolic acid may be used of any degree of strength, depending
upon the nature and thickness of the fabrics or articles to be treated.
If thin calico is to be used in the manufacture of the hose and con-
sequently requires to be operated upon by the new process, I find a
solution composed of two parts of carbolic acid and one hundred parts of
water will be sufficient, but if thicker or denser fabrics are to be treated
the strength of the carbolic acid solution must be increased very con-
siderably. For thick fabric composed of two or three plies, such as will
be required for fire engine hose, it may even be necessary to use the
carbolic acid without the admixture of any water. The fabrics or

page_text: tubular articles to be operated upon are to be immersed in the acid or
acid. solution of the required strength, which should be according to or
depending on the thickness or closeness of the fabric.
It is essential for the success of the process that the fabrics or articles
should be thoroughly impregnated with the carbolic acid, the time which
the fabrics or tubular articles are to remain immersed in the acid or acid
solution will therefore vary with the thickness and density of the fabric.
Thin or light fabrics will be effectually treated in from four to five
hours, while thicker fabrics will require to remain in the acid for ten,
twenty, or even more hours; and to facilitate the passage of the acid:
through the tubular articles and render the process more rapid I some-
times make use of hydrostatic pressure to force the acid through the
fabrics or tubular articles.
Rubber goods both vulcanized and not vulcanized undergo after
manufacture a slow decay whereby their freshness or elasticity is greatly
impaired. The exact cause of this decay is not well known, but it has
been attributed to the slow oxidation of the rubber itself. By incor-
porating phenol, or carbolic acid, or its equivalents with the rubber or
gutta percha during the process of mastication or after its vulcanization,
this decay is prevented and the goods produced are rendered far more
durable.
It is found preferable to treat the rubber after vulcanization and
simple immersion in the carbolic acid for several hours will be found
sufficient in all cases in which the rubber is finely divided, say from
No. 60 upwards, but when thick strands of rubber are to be operated
upon it is found that the process will be more rapidly and satisfactorily
effected if the goods are placed in a close vessel, and the acid forced
through by hydrostatic or other pressure.
"Having now .described the nature of the Invention which has been
communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and having explained
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention
secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid,―
First. Treating flexible hose and tubing, or the fabrics or materials
of which the same are composed with carbolic acid, as and for the
purposes herein set forth.
t

page_text: Second. Preserving gutta percha or india-rubber, or articles or fabrics
made therefrom by means of carbolic acid, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Archibald Turner, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy."
four.