Improvements in the Manufacture of Metallic Cartridge Cases and in Machinery or Apparatus to be Employed in the said Manufacture.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 23rd Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 23rd Dec., 1887
Improvements in the Manufacture of Metallic Cartridge Cases
and in Machinery or Apparatus to be Employed in the said
Manufacture.
We THOMAS RICHARD BAYLISS of Belmont Northfield in the County of Worcester
Mechanical Engineer and WILLIAM BREAKSPEAR of Saltley near Birmingham in the
County of Warwick Machinist do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be
as follows:-
-
Our invention has reference to solid drawn metallic cartridge cases and consists of
the method hereinafter described of making the rims or flanges of the said cartridge
cases and also of the construction and combination of the parts of machinery or
apparatus hereinafter described to be used in the formation of the rims or flanges by
the method constituting part of our invention.
In the ordinary method of manufacture the rims or flanges of solid drawn metallic
cartridge cases are made by a stamping or squeezing process by means of dies
and punches.
In forming the rims or flanges by our method of manufacture we use a rolling
process conducted in the manner hereinafter described whereby the metal to form
the rim or flange is so displaced from the closed end of the cartridge case that tho
molecules of the metal are caused to spread or flow radially from the centre of the
case outwards to its edges.
In carrying our invention into effect we proceed as follows:-We take a finished
solid drawn case ready for heading and place it in a die or holder and support the
said case firmly in the die or holder by a mandril within the said case the solid end
of the case projecting from the die or holder. While the said cartridge case is so
held and supported it is made to revolve and a steel roller made to advance in the
line of the mandril is forced some distance into the solid metal at or near the centre
of the head end of the case. The roller is then made to move crosswise that is from
the centre to the outside of the case. By this last movement of the roller the solid
metal of the head of the rotating case is displaced outwards and the flange or rim
formed. In making cartridge cases having thin rims or flanges one outward pass or

page_text: cross motion of the roller is sufficient to form the rim or flange but in order to form
thick rims several passes or cross notions of the roller are necessary. To determine
the diameter of the rim and to limit the outward spreading of the metal an adjustablo
hardened steel roller is mounted nearly close to the face of the die or holder the
axis of the said roller being situated parallel to that of the cartridge case being
operated upon.
In rolling out or radially spreading the metal to form the rims of large cartridge
cases we prefer to use two rollers for operating upon the closed end of the case.
When two rollers are used both rollers are situated at or near the centre of the head
of the case at the commencement of the rolling operation and each roller is moved
outwards from each other in opposite directions.
The machinery or apparatus which we prefer to employ in carrying our invention
into effect consists of the following construction and combination of parts.
The rotating spindle in which the die or holder is fixed is hollow for receiving the
mandril supported cartridge case fo be operated upon the said hollow rotating spindle
being mounted and driven in any convenient way. In front of the said spindle is
a crosshead mounted on a slide the said slide having motion to and from the rotating
spindle. In front of the said crosshead and opposite the front of the die or holder
one or more rollers are mounted and slide at right angles to the axis of the revolving
cartridge case in the die or holder. The cross motions of the pressing rollers are
effected preferably by screws and when two rollers are employed right and left handed
screws are used for causing the two rollers to simultaneously approach to and separate
from one another.
The main or cross slide carrying the rollers and their slides has a longitudinal to
and fro motion given to it by screws cams or levers.
The steel rollers may either be made to revolve by frictional contact with the metal
they are operating upon or the said rollers may be driven by gearing or otherwise.
The cartridge cases are fed into the holders and are ejected therefrom by screws
cams or levers.
Dated this Twenty third day of March 1887.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Metallic Cartridge Cases
and in Machinery or Apparatus to be Employed in the said
Manufacture.
We THOMAS RICHARD BAYLISS of Belmont, Northfield in the County of Worcester,
Mechanical Engineer and WILLIAM BREAKSPEAR of Saltley near Birmingham in the
County of Warwick Machinist do hereby declare the nature of our Invention and/in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement
Our invention has reference to solid drawn metallic cartridge cases and consists of
the method hereinafter described of making the rims or flanges of the said cartridge
cases and also of the construction and combination of the parts of machinery or
apparatus hereinafter described to be used in the formation of the rims or flanges by
the method constituting part of our invention.
In the ordinary method of manufacture the rims or flanges of solid drawn metallic
cartridge cases are made by a stamping or squeezing process by means of dies and
punches.
In forming the rims or flanges by our method of manufacture we use a rolling out
or spreading process conducted in the manner hereinafter described whereby the metal
to form the rim or flange is so displaced from the closed end of the cartridge case that
the molecules of the metal are caused to spread or flow radially from the centre of the
case outwards to its edge. In carrying our invention into effect we proceed as follows.
We take a finished solid drawn case ready for heading and place it in a die or holder
and support the said case firmly in the die or holder by a mandril within the said case
the solid end of the case projecting from the die or holder. While the said cartridge
case is so held and supported it is made to revolve and a steel roller made to advance
in the line of the mandril is forced some distance into the solid metal at or near the
centre of the head end of the case. The roller is then made to move crosswise, that
is, from the centre to the outside of the case. By this last movement of the roller the
solid metal of the head of the rotating case is displaced outwards and the flange or
rim formed. In making cartridge cases having thin rims or flanges, one outward pass
or cross motion of the roller is sufficient to form the rim or flange but in order to form
thick rims several passes or cross motions of the roller are necessary. To determine
the diameter of the rim and to limit the outward spreading of the metal an adjustable
hardened steel roller is mounted nearly close, to the face of the die or holder the axis
of the said roller being situated parallel to that of the cartridge case being operated
upon.
In rolling out or radially spreading the metal to form the rims of large cartridge
cases we prefer to use two rollers for operating upon the closed end of the case.
When two rollers are used both rollers are situated at or near the centre of the head
of the case at the commencement of the rolling operation and each roller is moved out-
wards from the other in opposite directions.

page_text: The machinery or apparatus which we prefer employ in carrying our invention
into effect consists of the following construction and combination of parts.
The rotating spindle in which the die or holder is fixed is hollow for receiving the
mandril supported cartridge case to be operated upon the said hollow rotating spindle
being mounted and driven in any convenient way. In front of the said spindle is a
crosshead mounted on a slide the said slide having motion to and from the rotating
spindle. In front of the said crosshead and opposite the front of the die or holder one
or more rollers are mounted and slide at right angles to the axis of the revolving
cartridge case in the die or holder. The cross motions of the pressing rollers are
effected preferably by screws and when two rollers are employed right and left handed
screws are used for causing the two rollers to simultaneously approach to and separate
from one another.
The main or cross slide carrying the rollers and their slides has a longitudinal to and
fro motion given to it by screws, cams or levers.
The steel rollers may either be made to revolve by frictional contact with the metal
they are operating upon; or the said rollers may be driven by gearing or otherwise.
The cartridge cases are fed into the holders and are ejected therefrom by screws
cams or levers.
We will first describe with reference to Figures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 and 6 of the
accompanying Drawings our method of manufacture and afterwards describe the
machinery or apparatus which we prefer to use in carrying our improved method into
-effect.
Figures 1 and 2 represent sections taken at right angles to one another, partly in
clevation, of the principal tools and appliances used in forming the rim or flange on
the thick head of the solid drawn cartridge case, the cartridge case being represented
as being ready to be operated upon. The cartridge case a is fixed in the die or
holder band in a hollow spindle, which die and hollow spindle are capable of rotating
the solid end or head of the cartridge case a projecting from the said die or holder b.
The cartridge case a is internally supported by the mandril c. The rotating die or
holder or an adjustable vertical slide carries a small hardened steel roller d for
determining the outward spreading of the displaced metal of the head of the case to
form the rim or flange; e is the hardened steel roller by which the radially rolling
out or spreading of the metal of the closed end or head of the cartridge case is effected.
It will be seen that the acting periphery of the spreading or pressing roller e is conical.
The roller e is capable of advancing and retiring in the line of the mandril c and also
of a cross motion from the centre to the outside of the case and the reverse.
Figures 3. 4. 5 and 6 represent the tools shown in Figures 1 and 2 and exhibit the
two stages by which the rim or flange is formed on the head of the cartridge case.
Having placed the solid drawn cartridge case in the die or holder 6 and hollow
spindle and adjusted the mandril c in the said case the pressing roller e is moved cross-
wise so as to bring its part of largest diameter in a line with the centre of the closed
end of the cartridge case. The die or holder b and hollow spindle are next rotated
and the pressing roller e made to advance longitudinally in the line of the axis of the
case and forced some distance into the solid metal of the end of the case at or near
its middle. The roller e by frictional contact is thereby made to revolve and by its
action displaces the central portion of the metal of the head of the case as represented
in Figures 1 and 2. The pressing roller e is next made to travel crosswise against the
end of the rotating case a, that is, from the centre to the outer edge of the case. By
this operation of the roller e the solid metal of the head of the rotating cartridge case
is displaced radially from the centre outwards to its edge and the rim or flange of the
case partly formed as represented in Figures 3 and 4 which show the head of the case
after it has been operated upon by the first pass or cross motion of the roller e. The
cartridge case is now ready for the second and (if necessary) succeeding operations.
The pressing roller e is again returned to the centre of the cartridge case by the cross
motion and advanced in the line of the axis of the case and further forced into the
metal of the head near its centre. The rollere now occupies with respect to the
head of the case the position represented in Figures 3 and 4. An outward pass or

page_text: cross motion is now given to the roller e and the metal of the head is further displaced
outwards and the rim or flange of the head formed as represented in Figures 5 and 6
where the pressing roller is represented at the end of its outward pass after the
operation last described. It will be seen by an examination of Figure 5 that the
small steel roller d, which is adjustable, carried by the rotating die or holder b deter-
mines the diameter of the rim or flange of the cartridge case by limiting the outward
spreading of the metal displaced by the action of the roller e.
The formation of the rim or flange from the solid head of the cartridge case may
be effected by more than two outward passes or cross motions of the roller e from the
centre to the edge of the case; or one outward pass or cross motion of the roller e
may be employed to form the rim or flange when a thin head is being operated upon;
and two pressing rollers may be employed, each roller being moved outwards crosswise
from one another in opposite directions for displacing the metal of the head of the
rotating case.
The tools and appliances represented in Figures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 and 6 which we have
described are shown in the machinery or apparatus which we will now proceed to
describe, together with the details and mechanism by which the several parts are
operated and worked.
Figure 7 represents the machine or apparatus in side elevation; Figure 8 represents
the same in plan and Figure 9 in end elevation, taken at the cross head end of the
machine Figure 10 represents a portion of the machine in longitudinal section
exhibiting the rotating die or holder, hollow spindle and other parts and Figure 11
represents in cross section a detail of the machine as hereinafter explained.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of the
Drawings. The die or holder b is fixed to the rotating tubular spindle fin which die
or holder and spindle the cartridge case a is secured. The mandril c supporting the
cartridge case a is connected to the sliding block g into which the end of the mandril
is fitted, the connection being effected by the forked plate h (shown in front elevation
in Figure 11) engaging with a neck at the end of the mandril c. The mandril c is
thus connected to the sliding block g but is capable of rotating with the cartridge case a
and spindle f. By means of the sliding block g and mandril e the position of the
head of the cartridge case with respect to the die or holder may be adjusted and the
extraction of the cartridge case from the hollow spindle fand die or holder b effected
as hereinafter described. The cartridge case a to be operated upon is placed in the
die b and hollow spindle fand on the mandril e from the front of the die band after
the mandril has been adjusted it is secured to the block g by the forked plate h dis
the steel roller by which the outward spreading of the metal is limited. The said
roller d is carried either by the die 6 or by the vertical slide d² adjusted by the hand
wheel and screw at d³ (see Figure 7); 1 is a cross head working upon a dovetail on
the bed of the machine (see Figure 9) the said cross head being capable of a longi-
tudinal to and fro motion on the said dovetail effected in the manner herein after
described. Mounted at the front of the traversing cross head is a cross dovetail
slide m carrying the steel pressing roller e the said slide being capable of a cross
motion upon the said cross head effected as hereinafter described. By the traversing
to and fro motion of the cross head I the roller e can be moved to and from the head
of the case in the line of the axis of the said case and by the cross motion of the
slide m the passes or cross motions of the said roller e against the head of the cartridge
case are effected.
We will now describe the mechanism for working the several parts of the machine;
n is the driving shaft carrying fast and loose pulleys. The rotating hollow spindle
is driven from the shaft n through the bevil wheels n² and n³ and shaft n' carrying the
pinion no, the said pinion n° gearing with the spur or toothed wheel n fixed on
the hollow spindle f. The shaft n may be driven by hand by means of the hand
wheel n'.
The longitudinal to and fro motion of the cross head is effected by the two strong
screws, working in the fixed screw nuts or screw boxes 13, 13 on the back of the
said cross head. On the ends of the screws 1, 2 are spur wheels m³, m³ with

page_text: which a pinion m* between them gears. The said pinion m is worked by the hand
wheel m. Instead of working the screws 12, 12 by hand they may be geared to and
driven by the machine.
The cross motion of the slide m carrying the pressing roller e is effected in
the following manner. In the cross head are two parallel screws p, p capable
only of a rotary motion. The said screws pp work in screw boxes in the cross
slide m supporting the roller e. On one end of each of the parallel screws p, p is a
toothed wheel p² which wheels p², p² are geared together by the pinion p between
them (see Figure 9) the said pinion p³ being worked by the winch or handle p¹. By
turning the said handle p¹ in one or other direction a cross motion in one or other
direction is given to the slide m and roller e.
The sliding block g which is connected to the mandril c is secured to the screw rand
the latter is worked by the hand wheel 2. By rotating the screw it is made to
advance in or retire from the screw box in which it works and give a backward and
forward motion to the sliding block g and mandril c for adjusting the position of the
mandril and for ejecting the finished cartridge case from the hollow spindle and die or
holder as before described.
Should the ejection of the cartridge case from the hollow spindle and die require
more power than that afforded by the use of the hand wheel 2 the larger hand wheel m³
may be connected by the cross cotter to the axis of the screw 7 (see Figures 7
and 8) and the said screw and slide 9 be worked by the larger hand
wheel m³.
When two rollers are employed for simultaneously acting upon the head of
the cartridge case the said rollers are connected to separate slides working on the
cross head, the said slides being moved to and from each other by gearing of any
convenient kind.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed we declare that we
claim as our invention of "Improvements in the manufacture of metallic cartridge
cases and in machinery or apparatus to be employed in the said manufacture
21
First. The method of making the rims or flanges of solid drawn metallic cartridge
cases herein before described and illustrated in connection with the accompanying
Drawings; that is to say, forming the rims or flanges on the heads of the said cases by
a rolling out or spreading process so conducted that the metal of the said heads is
displaced radially from the centre of the head of the case to its edge, the displacing of
the metal being effected by a pressing roller or rollers made to act by a cross motion
or motions or a pass or passes upon the rotating cartridge case supported and adjusted
substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly. The construction and combination of the parts of machinery or apparatus
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings to be used in
conducting the radially rolling out or spreading process claimed in claim 1.
Dated this Eighteenth day of November 1887.