Improvements relating to Liquid Fuel Burners.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements relating to Liquid Fuel Burners.
We, PRESTON DAVIES, of Spencer House, West Hill Road, Southfields, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, BOTTOMLEY WOODCOCK, of Whitcliffe, Cleckheaton,
in the County of York, Sculptor, and EDWIN ODDY, of Valley Road, Cleckheaton,
aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
According to our invention we supply the combustion chamber with a governable
and limited quantity of hydrocarbon oil, vapour, or gas, mixed with a considerable
proportion of steam.
The hydrocarbon, from a suitable reservoir, and the steam from a suitable
boiler, are conducted to the combustion chamber through a feeding apparatus.
This apparatus contains two independent and preferably concentric passages, one
for the hydrocarbon and the other for the steam. It terminates in a nozzle which
projects into the combustion chamber. The nozzle is provided with two distinct
orifices, the hydrocarbon one preferably being in advance and somewhat flaring
or trumpet shaped. This hydrocarbon orifice is regulated by a needle plug or
equivalent device. The steam orifice preferably surrounds the hydrocarbon one
and is capable of regulation and of being drained of condensed steam by .any
suitable means. Very little atmospheric air is required to be admitted with the
hydrocarbon and steam to the combustion chamber. The said apparatus is accord-
ingly introduced to a suitable distance within a constricted way or passage
preferably formed of firebrick or other refractory material and which way or
passage at its distant end turns and either directly or indirectly opens out into
the main combustion chamber, furnace, oven or the like. At that end of the
passage where the nozzle enters, means for regulating the supply of such air
to such passage may be provided.
The jet of hydrocarbon and steam issuing from the nozzle is retained within
the said passage until it impinges upon the sloping end thereof, which is incan-
descent, and thereupon the vapours are split up into their various gases and
complete and economic combustion ensues, the heated products being allowed to
expand and escape into the main combustion chamber, furnace, oven or the like.
In starting up (unless a separate boiler is used) steam has to be generated by
other means. When starting with such a supply of steam our liquid fuel burner
is started by applying to the nozzle a temporary flame or the like.
T I
1000
A. F. SPOONER,
323, High Holborn, London,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements relating to Liquid Fuel Burners.
We, PRESTON DAVIES, of Spencer House, West Hill Road, Southfields, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, BOTTOMLEY WOODCOCK, of Whitcliffe, Cleckheaton,
in the County of York, Sculptor, and EDWIN ODDY, of Valley Road, Cleckheaton,
aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
Our invention has for its object to provide improved means for effecting the
combustion of liquid fuel such as hydrocarbon oils. The combustion may be
effected in conjunction with an adequate volume of steam, and in that case our
arrangement is such that not only does the steam serve as the vehicle to convey
the oil, vapour, or gas to the place of combustion but such steam is itself caused
to split up into its component gases, the resultant mixture liberating heat in a
most complete and effectual manner.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 shows in vertical central section, and Figure 2 in end elevation, our
invention applied to a furnace, whilst
Figure 3 similarly shows its application to a steam boiler of the vertical type.
Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line, a Figure 3.
Like letters refer to corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
a is representative of the combustion chamber; a² the main heating chamber;
and the feeder.
To effect our object we prefer to employ a feeder such as that described in
the Specification of our prior Application for Letters Patent No. 6703 dated
March 19, 1898, which enables us to supply the combustion chamber a with a
governable and limited quantity of hydrocarbon oil, vapour, or gas, mixed with a
considerable proportion of steam, in such manner that the issuing vapours are
concentrated upon the dash brick or point of firing instead of, as has hitherto
been the case, being diffused too abruptly.
According to our present invention it is necessary to the achievement of our
object that the column of hydrocarbon and steam issuing from the nozzle of the
feeder be confined within proportionately narrow limits until the place of firing
is reached. The feeder bis accordingly introduced, as will be seen from Figures 1
and 3, to a suitable distance within a constricted way or passage a¹ formed in a
structure d of firebrick or other refractory material. This way or passage in the
instances given bends at its distant end or otherwise alters its course and either
directly or indirectly opens out into the main heating chamber, furnace, oven or
the like a².
At the end of the passage a exterior to the furnace, that is to say at the end
where the nozzle enters, means. for regulating the supply of the air to such
passage should be provided. These means may consist of sliding doors c, c¹ adapted
to close around the feeder b, or the alternative arrangement described in our said
prior specification may be employed.
In the case of a furnace, oven or the like, an eduction way or passage at is
provided.
The jets of hydrocarbon and steam issuing from the feeder are confined within
the said way or passage a¹ until they impinge upon the point thereof, which
thus serves as the firing plate, becoming incandescent shortly after starting up.
Thereupon the vapours are split up into their various gases and complete and
economic combustion ensues, the fired products being allowed to expand and
escape into the main heating chamber, furnace, oven or the like a³.

page_text: Figure 1 shows the fired products as escaping direct into the main chamber a².
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate an arrangement whereby such products are further
divided before escaping into the main chamber. This latter arrangement is prefer-
able in the case, for instance, of a steam boiler as it lessens the liability of tongues
of fire impinging directly upon, and destroying, the boiler plates. The construction
illustrated consists of a structure d of refractory material the interior of which
forms the before mentioned constricted way or passage a¹ and end curves or
firing plate a. In substitution for, or placed upon, the usual grate bars is a
solid base d' of refractory material upon which is a conical piece ².
A piece of like perforated material, or a mass of checker work as
shewn at dd, connects the casing d and the solid base d¹. In this case
the issuing hydrocarbon and steam impinges upon, and is fired by, the incan-
descent surface a³, the fired products thence rushing downwards on to the conical
piece d², outwards through the perforations to the main chamber a² and uptake.
Exceedingly perfect combustion results and, there being no deposit of uncon-
sumed carbon, the boiler tubes (in the case of Figure 3) may be made considerably
smaller than hitherto and consequently a far greater number of such tubes
may be employed without any fear of their becoming choked. This adds
materially to the efficiency of the boiler. By obvious modifications this arrange-
ment is capable of adaptation to horizontal boilers and other chambers.
In ordinary combustion chambers a considerable supply of atmospheric air has
to be allowed for in order to secure the necessary quantity of oxygen to combine
with the carbon but with it the nitrogen of the atmosphere has to be likewise
admitted. This latter is not only useless but its introduction operates to lessen
the temperature of the combustion chamber. In our invention, the oxygen and
hydrogen being derived from the splitting up the steam, the introduction of this
useless and detrimental nitrogen is lessened or obviated with the manifest result
that a higher temperature is maintained in the said chamber.
Obviously a plurality of feeders may be employed and Figure 2 illustrates
such a construction wherein e is the steam supply pipe: f the hydrocarbon supply
pipe; y, the blow off and draining cocks, and h, the cut off cocks. When a
plurality of feeders is employed each one has its separate constricted passage.
By confining the steam and hydrocarbon issuing from the feeder within a
passage of comparatively restricted area until the place of firing is reached, and
thence allowing the fired products to expand and escape into the main heating
chamber, more perfect firing is obtained and the escape of unconsumed gases
reduced to a minimum. A feeder of much smaller capacity can consequently be
employed and the consumption of hydrocarbon is much smaller than would
otherwise have been the case where, in order to ensure firing at all, the supply of
a large proportion of hydrocarbon would have been essential to maintain the
necessary temperature at the place of firing and a considerable part of the gases
would have escaped without firing, whilst the remainder (still too great for
economic working) would have been fired and allowed to escape without the energy
thereof being utilised to the utmost.
It may be stated that the lower the temperature of the firing plate the greater
is the proportion of hydrocarbon and likewise of atmospheric air required for our
purpose. With increase of temperature at the firing plate the air supply may be
lessened and with it the supply of hydrocarbon. Consequently when our apparatus
is in full work, by limiting the proportion of atmospheric air the consumption of
hydrocarbon is considerably less than, and that of the steam materially larger
than, has been possible hitherto.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
-
1. In an apparatus for burning liquid fuel, the combination, with a suitable
feeder, of a structure of refractory material forming a constricted way or passage

page_text: into which the nozzle of the feeder is inserted, and which constricted way or passage
surrounds such feeder and extends therefrom to the firing plate, substantially as
set forth.
2. In an apparatus for burning liquid fuel, the combination, with a suitable
feeder, of a structure of refractory material forming a constricted way or passage
into which the nozzle of the feeder is inserted; and which constricted way or passage
surrounds such feeder and extends therefrom to the main heating chamber,
serving to confine the issuing vapours until firing and bending so as to form a
firing and deflecting point at the bend for the gases substantially as set forth.
3. In an apparatus for burning liquid fuel, the combination," with a suitable
feeder, of a structure of refractory material forming a constricted way or passage
into which the nozzle of the feeder is inserted and which constricted way or passage
surrounds such feeder and extends therefrom to the main heating chamber,
and means serving to regulate the inlet of atmospheric air into the constricted way
or passage whereby firing is produced with a smaller consumption of hydrocarbon
substantially as set forth.
4. The apparatus for burning liquid fuel constructed substantially as described
with reference to Figures 1 and 2 or 3 and 4, of the accompanying drawings.
5. The improvements relating to liquid fuel burners substantially as described.
וד
نند
1011 1
1000
A. F. SPOONER,
323, High Holborn, London,
Agent for the Applicants.
A. F. SPOONER,
323, High Holborn, London,
Agent for the Applicants.