IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO RAISING AND MEASURING FLUIDS GENERALLY
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Herbert Holt, of Huddersfield, in the County
of York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
AND BOILERS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, PART OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO RAISING AND MEASURING FLUIDS
GENERALLY."
Sealed the 11th April 1862, and dated the 18th October 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Herbert Holt at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1861.
i, CHARLES HERBERT HOLT, of Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,
PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO RAISING AND MEASURING
FLUIDS GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to employing two vertical cylinders, one over
the other, to work the same crank shaft, such crank shaft being placed
between the two cylinders, and the steam, after being used at a high
pressure in the one cylinder, being used at a low pressure in the other.
Also the improvements relate to forming the cylinder piston with the
inside of the top and bottom plates, forming the groove for the packing,

page_text: inclined, and the corresponding parts of the packing rings also inclined
and divided in width into two parts, so that springs applied between these
parts may have a tendency to force them down the inclined surfaces against
the cylinder in which such piston works, and thereby obtain a close packing.
Also the improvements relate to applying packing to rotary pumps or
meters formed by the rotation together of two toothed or corrugated surfaces
in a chamber, such packings being forced down inclined planes against the
revolving wheels by springs or other elastic medium.
Also the improvements relate to applying vertical fire chambers to steam
engine boilers, such chambers being fed with fuel at the top, and having the-
front and back thereof formed of water tubes, the front tubes, by preference,
being inclined and louvre" form. I also form the boiler vertical, with
vertical tubes for the passage of the products of combustion from the fireplace.
There may be one or more of such fireplaces around the lower part of the
boiler, and sometimes I also apply a fireplace in the centre of the boiler.
Also the improvements relate to regulating the pressure of steam from a
steam boiler by applying to the steam passage a pair of valves (one above,
the other below) connected together, and to a corrugated or undulatory
dome of thin metal adapted to yield somewhat to the pressure of steam, and
thereby admit of the action thereon of a weighted lever on the outside thereof
the weight on which lever may be varied to suit the pressure required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Herbert Holt in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 17th April 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS, SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
HERBERT HOLT, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Herbert Holt, Her special licence that I, the said
Charles Herbert Holt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Charles Herbert Holt, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and

page_text: lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO RAISING AND
MEASURING FLUIDS GENERALLY, upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Charles Herbert Holt, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Herbert Holt, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention,and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement thereof, that is to say :-
The improvements relate,-First, to employing two vertical cylinders, one
over the other, to work the same crank shaft, such crank shaft being placed
between the two cylinders and the steam, after being used at a high pressure
in the one cylinder, being used at a low pressure in the other.
Secondly, the improvements relate to forming the cylinder piston with the
inside of the top and bottom plates, forming the groove for the packing
inclined, and the corresponding parts of the packing rings also inclined, and
divided in width into two parts, so that springs applied between these parts
may have a tendency to force them down the inclined surfaces against the
cylinder in which such piston works, and thereby obtain a close packing.
Thirdly, the improvements relate to applying packing to rotary pumps or
meters formed by the rotation together of two toothed or corrugated surfaces
in a chamber, such packing being forced down inclined planes against the
revolving wheels by springs or other elastic medium.
Fourthly, the improvements relate to applying vertical fire chambers to
steam-engine boilers, such chambers being fed with fuel at the top,and having
the front and back thereof formed of water tubes, the front tubes, by preference,
being inclined and "louvre" formed. I also form the boiler vertical, with
vertical tubes for the passage of the products of combustion from the fireplace.
There may be one or more of such fireplaces around the lower part of the
boiler, and sometimes I also apply a fireplace in the centre of the boiler.
Fifthly, the improvements relate to regulating the pressure of steam from a
steam boiler by applying to the steam passage a pair of valves (oue ab ve, the
other below) connected together, and to a corrugated or undulatory dome of

page_text: thin metal adapted to yield somewhat to the pressure of steam, and thereby
admit of the action thereon of a weighted lever on the outside thereof, the
weight on which lever may be varied to suit the pressure required.
But that the nature of the improvements may be better understood I will
proceed, by the aid of the accompanying Drawing, to describe means which
I have found to answer in carrying the same into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shews an outline view of engines arranged according to the first
part of the improvements; a, is the framing; 6 is one of the cylinders,
and 6, the other; and it will be seen that the piston rods, b' and c', of these
cylinders are respectively connected to the frame d, which has thereby simply
an up-and-down motion imparted to it, and in this motion it is guided by
sliding on Vor other suitably formed pieces a' formed on or affixed to the side
framing a. The framed by means of a link or connecting rod d' gives motion
to the crank e affixed to the crank shaft e¹. The steam from the boiler is
conducted first into the upper cylinder b, and when it has performed its office
in that cylinder it is, by suitable passages, conducted from this cylinder b to
the lower cylinder c,which thereby becomes a low-pressure cylinder, and from
this cylinder c the steam may pass away into the atmosphere or be condensed
in a suitable condenser. As there is no peculiarity in the form or adaptation
of the passages from one cylinder to the other I have thought it necessary
to show them.
Figure 2 shows the section, and Figure 3, a plan, with parts removed, of a
steam-engine piston arranged according to the second part of my improve-
ments. It will be seen that the inside parts of the top and bottom plates
fand, where the groove is formed for the packing, are inclined, and that
the packing is also inclined to correspond,and that the packing is formed, in a
direction transverse of the axis of the piston, in two parts g and g',so that the
effect of the springs h, h, will be to cause those parts g and gl, to separate from
each other and at the same time to cause them to slide outwards down the
inclines, so as to fill up the cylinder. The rings g and gl have each a slit in
them to admit of their opening somewhat as forced outwards. For the pistons
or buckets of air pumps only one of the rings g may be used, acted upon by
springs, h, one end of which will then rest against such packing ring and
the other against the inside of the piston to force the ring g down the incline
against the cylinder.
Figure 4 shows two sectional views, one longitudinal, the other transverse,
of a rotary pump or meter arranged according to the third head of the Inven-

page_text: is the casing
tion.
two toothed or corrugated surfaces revolving toge-
ther by their axes j',, and h, k, is the packing applied to the opposite ends
of each of them and acted upon by springs 1, 1, or it may be by other elastic
medium; mm, are passages, either of which may be used as an inlet and the
other as an outlet passage, according to the direction of motion given to
the two wheelsj, j.
Figure 5 shows a section of a boiler constructed according to the fourth
head of Invention. n, n, are the vertical fire chambers, cach of which is fed
with fuel at ; 0,0, are the front bars, which I prefer to be laid in an inclined
or "louvre" form, and they may be formed tubular, so as to give increased
water space or heating surface to the boiler; p is the back of each fireplace,
formed of water tubes. between which the products of combustion pass to the
combustion chamber, and thence up the fire tubes q' in the upper portion of
the boiler. The tubes q' above the water space, by the heat they communicate,
serve to superheat the steam generated in the boiler. The tubes and 2 are
of an undulatory form, by which they better compensate for the effects of
expansion and contraction, and such undulatory form to tubes, so as to
admit of their expansion and contraction without disturbing their joints or
connections, is important generally when applying tubes to generating or
superheating steam.
Figure 6 shows the section of apparatus arranged according to the fifth part
of the Invention. ,, are two valves in the passage r, formed or affixed
together and connected by the rods to the corrugated or undulatory dome t,
which is of metal adapted in thickness to the pressure it is required to sustain,
and so that it may yield to excess of pressure thereon exerted by the weight u.
The steam enters by the passage r, and thence passes by the valves q, 2, to the
passage ; but when the pressure of the steam at 7 becomes in excess of the
weight u, the disc t, by yielding, is raised so as partially or wholly to close
the valve passages. By these means the flow of steam from one to the
other side of the valves 1, 2, will be regulated.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the means I
adopt in carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise details shown and described, as these may
be varied, nor do I claim the various mechanical parts separately considered;
but what I do claim is,―
First, the mode of arranging two cylinders to work on one crank, sub-
stantially as explained.
Secondly, I claim the mode of arranging the parts for the packing of
pistons, substantially as explained.

page_text: Thirdly, I claim the mode of applying packing to rotary pumps or meters,
substantially as explained.
Fourthly, I claim the adaptation or combination of parts forming steam
boilers, substantially as explained.
And, fifthly, I claim the adaptation or combination of means for reducing
or regulating the pressure of steam from steam boilers, substantially as
explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Herbert Holt, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
CHAS. H. HOLT. (L.S.)