IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURE OF TWINES AND CORDS, AND IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR POLISHING AND FINISHING YARNS, STRANDS, TWINes, and Cords
Year: 1871

page_text: THE
LETTERS PATENT to John Bellamy Payne, of Chard, in the County of
Somerset, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURE OF TWINES AND CORDS, AND IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS
FOR POLISHING AND FINISHING YARNS, STRANDS, TWINes, and Cords.”
Scaled the 27th June 1871, and dated the 4th January 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bellamy Payne:
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th January 1871.
I, JOHN BELLAMY PAYNE, of Chard, in the County of Somerset,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWINES. AND CORDS, AND IN
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR POLISHING AND FINISHING YARNS, STRANDS, TWINES,
AND CORDS," to be as follows:-
THE
The object of my Invention is to improve the finish of twines and
.cords, and to economize labour in the manufacture of those articles.

page_text: .
'
The strands or yarns are spun or made in the usual way, but before
laying them or making them into twines or cords I first pass them
through a machine or apparatus in which the loose fibres are laid, and
the surface of the strand or yarn is polished by friction. To this end
the yarns or strands wound on bobbins are placed in a suitable frame
and a proper amount of tension being given to the strands or yarns by
means of springs, weights, or otherwise they are drawn between a pair
of rotating rubbers covered with cocoa-nut fibre and are passed over a
guide pulley through a trough containing gum or some gelatinous solution
which will lay the loose fibres. The wetted yarns or strands are brought
over another guide roller, and between another rotating rubber and a
wet brush; they are also drawn between a pair of fixed rubbers covered
with cocoa-nut fibre and round a pair of draught rollers, whereby the
yarns or strands are drawn through the machine; here again the
yarns may be subjected to the operation of rotating cocoa-nut fibre
rubbing surfaces, and also to fixed rubbing surfaces similarly provided.
By these repeated rubbings the fibres will be laid smooth and the damp
yarns or strands are then conducted to a drying chamber in which they
are wound round a pair of rollers placed at such a distance apart as will
give a length of several yards of yarn in the drying chamber through
which a rapid current of air is driven by any suitable apparatus. This
drying chamber consists of a chest provided with a perforated false
bottom having a space beneath into which air is forced and passes up
through the perforated plate, and between the damp yarns or strands
from which it will in its passage carry off the moisture. This drying
chamber may be covered up with a perforated lid, or it may be left
entirely open so as to allow of the free escape of the humidity which is
carried off by the current of dry air. Inside this drying chamber at any
convenient places are arranged stationary rubbing surfaces covered with
cocoa-nut fibre, or by preference horsehair cloth, over which the yarns or
strands are drawn while being dried. Upon leaving the drying chest
the yarns or strands are to be wound upon bobbins preparatory to being
placed in the laying machine. It is important that the yarns or strands
should travel with uniform speed through the apparatus just described,
and to this end I actuate the winding on bobbins in a peculiar manner,
so that their surface speed should be always uniform and the yarns
subjected to uniform: tension. It will be evident that if greater tension
be put on some parts of the yarn than at others, there will be a great
tendency to break the yarns. To obviate this the driving band for

page_text: actuating the spindles of the winding on bobbins is kept in contact
with the pullies of the spindles by adjustable tightening pullies, and
therefore when the strain on the yarn is too great the band will slip over
the pullies until the tension is reduced to its normal and proper degree.
I find it in practice convenient (and to produce good solid twines and
cords it is very important) that the yarns or strands to form such twines
or cords should-be wound very tightly on to the secondary bobbins
prepared for the laying machine, I therefore take the bobbins with the
yarns from the drying chest, and I wind therefrom on to other bobbins
in a machine in which an uniform tension is put on the yarns. In this
machine the delivery bobbins are provided with spring friction gear
which by bearing on the surface of the yarns on the bobbins will retard
its motion and give a certain amount of tension whatever may be the
diameter of the bobbin. The yarns pass from these bobbins over polished
round friction bars, and from thence to fleeting or surging pullies pro-
vided with friction wheels, over which a weighted band passes to produce
tension on the yarn, and is capable of adjustment according to the
strength of the yarn. The winding on bobbins which receive the yarns
are driven by cone pullies, so that they may be driven at a differential
speed according as the diameter of the bobbins increases. It will be
seen that by this second winding of the yarns preparatory to laying
them or making the twine, the fibres will be laid in the twine in the
same direction as in the yarns, and therefore the finish and appearance
of the twine will be much improved. The yarns or strands thus pre-
pared are then placed in the laying machine and made into twines or
cords in the ordinary manner, either by hand or by mechanical means.
The twines or cords so made are wound on to bobbins in the machine,
and are then taken to the striking or finishing machine in which
they are submitted to a second polishing operation by means of
rotary friction surfaces in combination with stationary rubbers, over
which the twines or cords are drawn after their surfaces have been
slightly damped with a suitable gummy or gelatinous preparation as in
the case of the yarns or strands. The twine is then submitted to a
straining operation, to which end the twine is placed on a bobbin scalam
from which it will require a great strain to pass it into the rotary
finishing process. And in order to give the strain I pass the twine from
the bobbin on the scalam to a fleeting or surging pulley provided with a
friction wheel, over which a weighted band passes to produce tension on
the twine. This is capable of adjustment to the strain required, which

page_text: is given equal (or more) to the strain given by hand process. Before
passing to the straining or draught rollers the twines are operated upon
by weighted snuggers which consist of cocoa-nut fibre or horsehair ropes
.coiled tightly round the twine or cord, and weighted at one end so as to
produce the requisite amount of friction or rubbing. The twines or
cords then pass into a drying closet, where they are acted on by a strong
. current of air, which will carry off the moisture and dry the twines,
which may then be wound on reels and made up for the market.
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