IMPROVE- MENTS IN SIZING OR PREPARING PAPER AND TEXTILE FABRICS, IN ORDER TO RENDER THEM WATERPROOF, AND TO INCREASE THE STRENGTH THEREOF
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SIZING OR PREPARING PAPER AND TEXTILE FABRICS, IN ORDER TO
RENDER THEM WATERPROOF, AND TO INCREASE THE STRENGTH THEREOF."-A
communication from abroad by Leon Bertin and Pierre Carteron, of
Paris, France.
Sealed the 10th October 1861, and dated the 11th April 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Broo-
man at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th April 1961.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING OR PREPARING PAPER AND TEXTILE FABRICS IN ORDER
TO RENDER THEM WATERPROOF, AND TO INCREASE THE STRENGTH THEREOF," (com-
municated to me from abroad by Leon Bertin and Pierre Carteron, of Paris,
France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of the following ingredients in
or about the proportions specified, for the purpose of sizing or preparing
paper and textile fabrics to render them waterproof and to increase. I will
describe the Invention as applied to the rendering of paper waterproof:-
100 kos. (about 220 lbs.)
100 kos. (about 220 lbs.)
270 kos. (about 594 lbs.)
Take of lime
subcarbonate of soda
"
resin

page_text: First, slack the quick lime, and make a milk of lime; second, dissolve
under heat the salts of soda, and pour the milk of lime into the solution while
boiling until precipitation ceases, withdraw the mixture from the fire, allow it
to rest and decant; third, dissolve the resin and the gamboge, previously pul-
verized and mixed in an open iron vessel, over a slow fire; fourth, stir in by
degrees the resinous matters which are in a state of fusion in the solution of
caustic soda until the resin ceases to be dissolved, then allow to cool The
product resulting from this reaction solidifies in a mass; it is separated from
the mother waters and preserved for use. Preference is given to resin, owing
to its cheapness, but any other resinous matters capable of being saponified
by alkalis, such as soda, potash, or lime will give a similar result.
The waterproofing baths are prepared in the following manner:-First bath,
dissolve under heat of the resinous mass before described, 10 kos. (about
22lbs.) in boiling water 100 litres (about 22 gallons); second bath, dissolve
of alum 10 kos. (about 22 lbs.) in boiling water 100 litres (about 22 gallons).
To render rolls or long lengths of stout paper waterproof, immerse the paper
in the first bath at a temperature of about 40° centigrade (104° Fahr.);
remove it, and wind the paper on a roller ready to be dipped into the second
bath, on being removed from which it is rolled on a double roller covered
with woollen cloth; then dried between iron or copper cylinders heated by
steam, and finally wound on a roller ready for use. Paper in short lengths,
instead of being rolled ou rollers after leaving the baths, is placed on pins
or pegs, and taken to a drying room to dry. The process is applicable to all
kinds of paper, but the baths vary according to the strength and tissue of
the paper.
For white paper the gamboge is dispensed with.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th October 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 160, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the

page_text: said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING OR PREPARING PAPER AND TEXTILE
FABRICS IN ORDER TO RENDER THEM WATERPROOF, AND TO INCREASE THE STRENGTH
THEREOF," (a communication from abroad by Leon Bertin and Pierre Carteron,
of Paris, France,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in the employment of the following ingredients
in or about the proportions specified, for the purpose of sizing or pre-
paring paper and textile fabrics to render them waterproof, and to increase
the strength thereof. 1 will describe the Invention as applied to the
rendering of paper waterproof:-
Take of lime 100 kos. (about 220 lbs.); of subcarbonate of soda 100 kos.
(about 220 lbs.); of resin 270 kos. (about 594 lbs.); of gamboge 30 kos.
about (66 lbs.)
First, slack the quicklime and make a milk of lime; second, dissolve
under heat the salts of soda, and pour the milk of lime into the solution while
boiling until precipitation ceases, withdraw the mixture from the fire, allow it
to rest, and decant; third, dissolve the resin and the gamboge, previously pul-
verized and mixed in an open iron vessel over a slow fire, and this should be
done in the open air; fourth, stir in by degrees the resinous matters which are
in a state of fusion in the solution of caustic soda until the resin ceases to be
dissolved, then allow to cool. The product resulting from this reaction
solidifies in a mass; it is separated from the mother waters and preserved for

page_text: use. Preference is given to resin, owing to its cheapness, but any other
resinous matters capable of being saponified by alkalis, such as soda,
potash, or lime will give a similar result.
The waterproofing baths are prepared in the following manner :-First
bath, dissolve under heat 10 kos. (about 22 lbs.) of the resinous mass before
described in 100 litres (about 22 gallons) of boiling water; second bath,
dissolve 10 kos. (about 2 lbs.) of alum in 100 litres (about 22 gallons) of
boiling water.
To render rolls or long lengths of stout paper waterproof, immerse the
paper in the first bath at a temperature of about 104° Faht., remove it,
and wind the paper on a wooden roller to be dipped into the second bath,
on being removed from which it is rolled on a double roller clothed with
woollen cloth, then dried between iron or copper cylinders heated by steam,
and finally, wound on a roller ready for use. Paper in short lengths,
instead of being rolled on rollers after leaving the baths, is placed on pins
or pegs, and taken to a drying room to dry. The process is applicable to
all kinds of paper, but the baths vary according to the strength and tissue
For white paper the gamboge is dispensed with.
of the paper.
The waterproofing mixtures and processes before described are equally
applicable to the waterproofing of textile fabrics.
This Invention, when applied to paper in the state of pulp in order to
render it waterproof, is performed as follows:-The resinous product is
first dissolved in boiling water, and this must be done gradually to prevent
any considerable effervescence which might otherwise take place, and would
cause waste of the material. The resinous product is poured into the pulp
and well mixed with it; then in about from ten to fifteen minutes, and while
the pulping engine is at work, add small portions of pounded alum, and the
following is the result. The resinous products becomes intermixed with the
whole mass; the second product coagulates it, and causes it to adhere by
precipitating it to all the solid parts of the mass which it envelopes with a
coating which becomes insoluble and impervious to water after drying.
Packing paper manufactured or prepared according to this Invention
resists for many months the action of water, while at the same time its
strength is considerably increased. Papers prepared in manner before
described are particularly applicable as wrappers for silks or other fabrics,
metals, and generally all articles requiring to be protected from wet and
moisture. These papers are also applicable for book-binding, and for
purposes where cardboard has been hitherto employed.

page_text: And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, preparing or
sizing paper and textile fabrics to render them waterproof, and increase
their strength by subjecting them during or after their manufacture to the
action of the resinous and other matters herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of October, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L 8.)