A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING OR PREPARING AN OIL OR OILS EXTRACTED FROM CERTAIN VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO GAS-LIGHT AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1825

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDMUND
LUSCOMBE, of East Stone House, in the County of Derby, Merchant, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Sixth day of December, in the sixth year of His reign, did, for
Himself, is heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Edmund
Luscombe, His especial licence that I, the said Edmund Luscombe, my
exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edmund Lus-
combe, my exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also
within all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of
"A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING OR PREPARING AN OIL OR OILS EXTRACTED FROM
CERTAIN VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO GAS-LIGHT AND
OTHER PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said Edmund Luscombe, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, particularly to describe and to ascertain the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
the same to be inrolled in Ilis Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Edmund Luscombe, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is ascertained and
described by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the description as follows,
that is to say :-
First, as to the mechanism used in extracting the oils, and my method of
manufacturing them. In Figure I. A is a retort of cast-iron or other metal
placed, having a safety valve at c; it is placed in B. B', a brick furnace, under
which ca fire is put. and D is a cinder pit; E is a screw.passing through an iron
bar, and suspended by two hooks F. F, by which and a sufficient luting the
refort can be hermetically closed: G. G. is an iron coupling collar and pipe,
with screws and luting, to connect the retort with the copper worm H, H',
with a shoulder in the first branch of the worm, which is placed in an open
vessel 1, 1, of cold water. A common still head may be adapted to the retort
if it he hermetically closed. From the worm H, H', a pipe e carries the oil
into a recipient N. There is a cock at b. In Figure II. c is the safety valve,
as c in Figure I., and d' represents another safety valve, which may (for better
caution) he put on at in Figure 1. In Figure IV. M is a vessel of cold
water, from which by the pipe K with a cock at a stream of cold water
constantly runs into the pipe Q, and thence into the vessel 1, 1', and the
water which has become warm during the operation leaves I, I', at the pipe R.
In Figure III. P is a vessel with a cock at 6', which is about three parts in
four filled with cold water; and e¹ is the pipe e in Figure 1. which may be
made longer so as to pass nearly to the bottom of the vessel P, into which the
oil is discharged, and escapes through a pipe into the recipient N. The use of
Figure I is only to cause a more rapid discharge of the oil. Now take a
quantity of any one of the numerous kinds of rosins, but that which is the
result of turpentine is preferred; let it be broken into very small pieces, and
then fill the retort about half full with it, and add about fourteen pounds
weight of water to one hundred weight of the rosin. As the fire burns.
aqueous acetic vapours will be condensed, and fall into the recipient, and a
quantity of gas will escape from the worm, and afterwards, when the retort has
become very much heated, the oil will be produced and flow into the recipient
N. The fire may be covered, and the retort is again filled, and thus the
operations are continued. The rosins may be used in a liquid state, and then
they are introduced into the retort by a small orifice and screw without
opening the cover of the retort. And the oil may be more rapidly procured
if the decomposition of the rosin takes place under an increased pressure of
atmosphere. An oil may be produced without the addition of the water; but

page_text: it will be very inferior in quality, and of a bad color. I do not claim any part
of this machinery as new, nor the exclusive use of rosins, nor the application of
great heat to rosins, or other vegetable substances; but I claim to be the first
Inventor of this combination and use of things, whereby oils are manufactured
from rosins.
Secondly, as to the application thereof, or my method of manufacturing gas
from these oils, which may be applied to any other oils. In Figure V. A is a
vessel, into which the oil is put at the orifice c, which is then closed with a
screw; a,a,a,a, a,&c. are coupling boxes; 6,61,61,611,6,&c. are cocks;
B is a cock and index, to regulate the quantity of oil as it passes from the vessel
A into the retort C. The retort C is made and placed as usual in a furnace
with its stopper at d; and e is the safety valve or a mercurial index of pres-
sure; D is a worm tube immersed in an open vessel full of water; E is a well
or vessel which receives the condensed oil, with a cock 6 for drawing it off;
F is the gas holder; f is a small well or vessel to receive anything that may
be condensed, with a cock by to draw it off; g, a safety valve; h, a mercurial
index of pressure; G is a pipe (with a cock at 6), which communicates with
the recipients H, H', H", &c. m represents a funnel in A for introducing
the oils into it; and n is a glass tube communicating with A; and, "K, 'k',
is a tube communicating between the vessel A and the vessel F.. Now let all
the cocks be open, except those at 6, 6, 6, and the cock and index at B.
Take a portion of oil and heat it to 130 Fah., and saturate it with sub-
carbonate of soda in a calcined state by sprinkling the soda upon the oil, and
rapidly stirring it until all effervescence has ceased; pour it into the vessel A;
then open the cock at B, and it will pass into the retort C, and the gas arising
from it will, after passing on through the worm D, come into the holder F by
means of the pipe , K, k; the gas will pass an into the vessel A, and press
the oil down into the retort, and thus the gas will be made, until the holder F
and the recipients H, H', H", will contain gas of as many volumes as it may
be thought proper to make it. The recipients, after turning their respective
cocks, may be detached for use and replaced by other recipients. Gas may
be made from these oils if they have not been first saturated, but it will be of a
very inferior quality. In order to discharge the air from the pipes, the holder,
and the recipients, a small quantity of gas is permitted to escape at 6, which
is kept open at the beginning of the operation for that purpose, until it will
ignite, and then the cock is closed. If branch pipes are placed to the vessels
they may be used with a bed of retorts. I do not claim all this machinery as
being new; but the novelty of my Invention in making gas arises from the
combination of the pipe at k, K, k, with the other parts of the machinery,

page_text: by means whereof the weight of the gas, which has been collected in the holder
F and recipients H, H', H", is made to press upon the oil in A. and thus
producing a constant flow of the oil, enables me to collect or accumulate gas of
as many volumes as may be thought proper.
Thirdly, as to the other purposes to which these oils may be applied. When
these oils are wanted for the purpose of painting, they should be extracted or
produced from the rosins, by omitting to put in the water with them, and
by substituting one-fifth of the weight of the rosins of any fixed oil, of which
linseed oil is to be preferred, and then it must be saturated in the manner
before described, and if it is found to be too highly coloured. it should be
filtered through ivory black or any other known filter. It may also be usefully
employed in varnishing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Luscombe, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of June. in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-six.
EDMP (L.S.) LUSCOMBE.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of June, in the
year of our Lord 1826, the aforesaid Edmund Luscombe came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
A domain contained and specified in form