CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING OR CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Pendlebury, of Crumpsall, in the County of
Lancaster, Bleacher, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING OR CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS
OR MATERIALS."
Sealed the 10th June 1859, and dated the 15th December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Pendlebury at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1858.
J,, JOHN PENDLEBURY, of Crumpsall, in the County of Lancaster, Bleacher,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING OR CLEANSING TEXTILE
FABRICS OR MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an arrangement of vessels and apparatus for
the purpose of bleaching or cleansing manufactured or piece goods, or yarns
of cotton, linen, or other fibrous material, by the novel application and
employment of high-pressure steam for, first, boiling the bleaching liquid (or
heating it to any required temperature above 212°) in a separate closed vessel,
and then forcing such liquid so heated through the goods or fabrics to be
bleached, the goods being contained in a closed vessel or "kier," conveniently
situated near to the heating or boiling vessel. The liquid, after being thus
forced in a heated or boiling state through the goods, is returned to the
boiling vessel, where it is again heated to the required temperature, and
again forced through the goods, such operation or process being continuously
repeated until the goods are sufficiently bleached.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Pendlebury in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th June 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PENDLEBURY, of Crumpsall, in the County of Lancaster, Bleacher, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Pendlebury, Her special license that I, the said John
Pendlebury, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Pendlebury, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING OR
CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS," upon the condition, amongst
others, that I, the said John Pendlebury, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Pendlebury, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in an arrangement of vessels and apparatus for
the purpose of bleaching or cleansing manufactured or piece goods, or yarns
of cotton, linen, or other. fibrous material by the novel application and
employment of high-pressure steam for, first, boiling the bleaching liquid,
(or heating it to any required temperature above 212°,) in a separate
closed vessel, and then forcing such liquid so heated through the goods
or fabrics to be bleached, the goods being contained in a closed vessel
or "kier," conveniently situated near to the heating or boiling vessel. The
liquid, after being thus forced in a heated or boiling state through the

page_text: goods, is returned to the boiling vessel where it is again heated to the
required temperature, and again forced through the goods, such operation
or process being continuously repeated until the goods are sufficiently
bleached.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained
in detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made upon a scale of
about three-fourths of an inch to the foot, and having letters of reference marked
thereupon corresponding to the following description:-Figure 1 is a side
elevation of the apparatus in which a, a, is the "kier," or vessel to contain
the goods to be bleached, and placed therein through the mainways a', a¹; the
vessel b, b, is placed near to the vessel a, a, and is employed for the purpose
of boiling or heating the bleaching liquid, which is effected by means of
steam introduced or supplied thereto by the steam pipe c, which projects
nearly to the bottom of the boiling "kier," the steam being admitted or
shut off by the taps d, d. The liquid passes from the boiling kier when
sufficiently heated by the pipe c, e, into the kier a, a, and into the goods
which it contains; f, f, is the pipe by which the bleaching or cleansing
liquid is conveyed back to the boiling kier to be again heated, such operation
to be continued until the required effect is obtained, when the liquid may be
drawn off by means of the taps g, g; each kier is provided with glass guages
h, h, for ascertaining the height of liquid in the said vessels, and with air taps
i, i, and also the boiling kier is furnished with an opening and tap k, for the
admission of the liquid to be boiled.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together. with
the manner of performing the same, I wish it to be distinctly understood that
I claim boiling or heating the bleaching liquid by the employment of steam
previous to saturating the goods to be bleached or cleansed therewith.
And, secondly, I claim the novel arrangement and construction of apparatus
for effecting the bleaching or cleansing of manufacture or piece goods
as herein-before described, set forth, and fully illustrated in the Drawings
attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Pendlebury, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
handed and fift. ning
JOHN PENDLEBURY. (L.S.)