matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COLLAPSIBLE CORE BARRELS USED IN MOULDING CYLINDERS, PIPES, AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mortimer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1880.
JAMES MORTIMER, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COLLAPSIBLE CORE BARRELS USED IN MOULDING
CYLINDERS, PIPES, AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES."
My Invention relates to the construction of that class of core barrels consisting of
a shell formed in sections, a tube, two end plates, and a central shaft.
The shell is jointed to the tubo by means of lugs and links, and is provided with
internal flanges against which the two circular end plates rest. The top plate I
make with a circular groove in its under side, and I provide the corresponding
flange with a circular projecting V-shaped rim which fits into this groove.
In the lower end plate I make a similar groove in the upper surface, and I form
a corresponding rim on the lower side of the lower internal flange.
These two grooves and rims servo to keep the shell firmly in its place when
expanded.
The upper side of the lower plate is made with a curved conical barrel, which
causes the shell to expand as it is lowered on to the plate, and allows it to collapse
or contract as it is raised up.
The sections of the shell are not made with butt joints at the edges but
bevelled, and the form of the curved conical barrel is made rather fuller at ono side
so as to allow one edge to collapse rather sooner than the other, so that when
collapsing one edge shall slightly overlap the other.
The spindle is provided with a cottar which holds the barrel firmly together, and
when taken out allows the tube to be lifted which causes the barrel to collapse.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th April 1880. A communication
from abroad by Joseph Sigisbert Richard, of Paris, France, Civil Engineer.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltino, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
TEXTILE FABRICS." [A communication from abroad by Joseph Sigisbert Richard,
of Paris, France, Civil Engineer.]
This Invention relates to knitted or netted textile fabrics formed by the com-
bination in the making of the same of metallic threads or wires with textile
threads, or by the combination of textile threads of various kinds. A new fabric
may thus be produced by the aid of a circular or continuous knitting machine or
the like, or by hand, and constitutes a new manufacturo. This new manufacture
or product is characterized as above stated by the combination in hosiery or
knitted fabrics (by whatever means the same may be manufactured) of threads of
different kinds, such as various kinds of textile thrends, or textile threads and
metallic threads, this new fabric being susceptible of various applications.
By combining metallic threads or wires filigreed, laminated, or otherwise, with
textile threads a fabric equally applicable to articles of wearing apparel and
furniture, and which may be advantageously employed for making dresses, bonnets,
hats, shoes, and the like, is obtained.
If the knitted fabric is intended to be worn next the skin I combine in the
weaving (or knitting) threads of such metals as will, by their contact, establish an
electric current, and thus impart peculiar qualities to the garment.
Moreover I combine in knitted fabrics fibres of wool and vegetable fibres, such
as cotton or the like, thereby obtaining an unshrinkable though elastic fabric
which is not shrinkable like flannel, but possesses all the hygienic qualities
attributed to flannel, but which are never possessed by the latter. In this case I
unito one or more cotton threads with threads of silk, hemp, or the like, and thus
obtain a product really possessing the qualities attributed to the best flannels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DIGGING POTATOES AND OTHER VEGETABLE PRODUCTS, AND FOR THE PREPARATION OF LAND FOR AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Loomes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1880.
EDWARD LOOMES, of 7, Park Street, Fletton, in the Borough of Peterborough and
in the County of Huntingdon. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DIGGING
POTATOES AND OTHER VEGETABLE PRODUCTS, AND FOR THE PREPARATION OF
LAND FOR AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES."
1stly. Placing the shank of the share or lifter in the rear of the revolving forks,
thereby rendering improbable the gathering of potato tops, weeds, or other rubbish
upon that part.
2ndly. Arranging the mechanism so that the produce dug out may be delivered
to the right or the left hand side of the line of draught of the machine, as
desired.
3dly. Passing the potatoes or other produce operated upon over a screen or
screens through which the earth may pass, and depositing such produce in a
position convenient for gathering and in no danger of being covered up by earth
at the next passage of the machine.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ORNAMENTING ARTICLES OF GLASS DURING THEIR MANUFACTURE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Stuart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1880.
WILLIAM HENRY STUART, of Wordsley, in the County of Stafford. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ORNAMENTING ARTICLES OF GLASS DURING THEIR MANUFACTURE."
The object of my Invention is to give a finer and more ornamental appearance
to flower vases, portions of chandeliers, lamps, decanters, globes, and various other
such like articles made of glass.
In carrying my Invention into effect, the glass of which the article is to be made
is gathered from the pot upon an ordinary glass-blower's tube and formed into a
hollow bulb; it is then while in a heated and plastic stato rolled upon a slab of iron
or other surface upon which has been sprinkled some pulverized glass or enamel,
which may be of any color and either opaque, semi-opaque, or transparent; the
partioles of glass or enamel are thereby caused to adhere or attach themselves
firmly to the said bulb. This being dono, a fine thread of highly heated opaque,
semi-opaque, or transparent glass of any color is spun or coiled spirally upon the
bulb, either by hand or by machinery, in the ordinary way.
On reheating the bulb for the purpose of forming it into the article required, the
pulverized glass or enamel adhering to it is fused and spreads itself more or less
over the surface of the bulb, and during the formation of the article the thread of
glass spun or coiled upon it retains its form, and a highly ornamental and beautiful
effect is produced by the combination of these processes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CLOSETS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hubber and Frank Hubber at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1880.
JOHN HUBBER and FRANK HUBBER, trading as Hubber and Son, of Exeter,
in the County of Devon, Plumbers and Gas Fitters. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER
CLOSETS."
This Invention relates to improvements in water closets.
In carrying out our Invention, we preferably construct the basin or pan of a
hemi-spherical form, and instead of forming the outlet at the centre of the bottom,
or at back or side as hitherto, we form it in the front of and above the bottom of
the basin or pan, so that a certain quantity of water always remains in the basin
or pan. From the said outlet passes a syphon forming one piece with the basin,
the arrangement being such that the syphon which forms the trap is above the floor
line. The inlet for the water is in the usual position.
By this construction perfect cleansing is ensured with a minimum quantity of
water, the peculiar position of the outlet assists in the proper discharge of soil
from the basin, and the construction and formation of the trap prevents the soil
being seen after leaving the basin, and allows of all the working parts of the water
closet being above the floor line.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edward Henry Gordon at the
Office of the Comisssioners of Patents on the 17th November 1880.
JAMES EDWARD HENRY GORDON, of Dorking, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in electric lamps.
In electric lainps in which a precious metal, and especially the metal iridium, is
employed, and being intensely heated becomes a source of light, an appreciable loss
of metal is after a time experienced from the parts exposed to the high temperature.
The object of my Invention is to recover the metal which is so dissipated. This do
by causing a current of air to pass through the lamp, and afterwards through a flue
or channel in which a large surface of an inert material is exposed. The surface is
so arranged that the current of air charged with the dissipated metal has to pass
over it, coming as closely in contact as possible with this extended surface.
Glass wool" is a convenient material to employ, the air current from the lamp
being made to traverse a loosely arranged bundle of this material. The precious
metal in a finely divided state will be found to deposit itself upon the surface over
which the air passes, and after a time the surface will be blackened. The deposit
of metal is collected from the inert material and reworked by ordinary refinery
processes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ENGINE GOVERNORS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patonts on the 13th July 1880. A communication
from abroad by George Frank Pottle, of Boston, Stato of Massachusetts, United
States of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ENGINE GOVERNORS." A communication from abroad by George Frank
Pottle, of Boston, State of Massachusetts, United States of America.
The nature of the Invention consists in combining with a revolving shaft a spiral
thread and screw nut, the nut having resisting wings or fans, the whole being
immersed in some suitable fluid or its equivalent, so that upon the revolution
of the shaft the resistance to the wings or fans on the nut will prevent the same
from revolving as fast as the shaft, and thus give the nut a tendency to traverse
the shaft longitudinally. This tendency of the nut to move on the shaft is resisted
to a certain extent by a weighted lover, but the resistance thus offered is not
sufficient to withstand a too rapid velocity of the shaft, in which case the lever
operates on a valve, and through it the motive force, and thus regulates the velocity
of the shaft and motor. The Invention also consists in combining within a suitable
chamber an inlet pipe or orifice, also an outlet pipe, the inner end of which projects
into the chamber so far as to admit of an accurately fitting sleevo or hollow cylinder
passing over and into it. Within the said. chamber is placed a solid cylinder of
even diameter with the outside of the outlet pipe, and of the inside diameter of the
sleeve, the axis of the solid cylinder being in line with the centre of the outlet pipe.
The end of the solid cylinder is fixed at a short distance from the end of the outlet
pipe, so that there may be a free passage from the chamber into the outlet pipe,
unless the space between the end of the solid cylinder and end of the outlet pipe is
enclosed by the above mentioned sleeve, which is made to slide on both the cylinder
and outlet pipe, and thus to enclose the ends of both, and thus cut off any passage
of steam, gas, or fluid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BILLIARD BALLS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL, SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Gearing Grant at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the, 21st June 1880. A. communication
from abroad by T. A Gason, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
HUGH GEARING GRANT, of the Firm of Messrs. Bosshardt and Grant, Patent
Agents, of 24, Bull's Head Exchange Chambers, Market Place, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster."IMPROVEMENTS IN BILLIARD BALLS." A communication
from abroad by T. A. Gason, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
The Invention relates to improvements in the balls employed in the game of
billiards, and consists in means for equalising the weight of the same, which is of
importance, as the correctness of playing is facilitated thereby. Balls as made
previous to this Invention have been made solid throughout; and have often varied
to a great extent in weight with respect to each other in consequence of the
different sorts of ivory that may have been employed in their manufacture. To
ensure correctness of weight of the balls to each other a cylindrical bored hole is
made in the ball extending from the circumference to the centre thereof. The said
bored hole is formed with a screw thread, and into which a cylindrical plug is
screwed. Before the plug is screwed home any required weight of iron, copper,
lead, cement, or other material or substance can be run or placed in the central
part of the ball, that is to say, at the lower part of the said bored hole.
MENTS IN SCRIBBLING AND CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stewart Tempest at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1880.
STEWART TEMPEST, of Hunslet, near Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SCRIBBLING AND CARDING ENGINES."
My Invention has the effects of causing the swifts on scribblers or carding engines
to "lash" the wool or other material from the doffer with much less waste than
hitherto; also by my arrangements two swifts can do the work of three con-
structed in the ordinary way. By my improvements also the operation of scribbling
or carding is more evenly done, the wind from the swift in its rotation being
shielded off.
Instead of having the doffer a considerable distance from the swift I bring them
in such close proximity that the swift will "lash" on to it the material from the
doffer instead of leaving it for the angle stripper. I also employ an angle stripper
above, which ensures the completion of the "lashing on." The draft caused by
the rotary motion of the swift is prevented from passing up to the material
in the act of being "lashed on" by the close proximity of the swift to the
doffer.
I further arrange a bed regulated by screws or their equivalents, whereby the
swift and doffer, also their attendant strippers, workers, and "fancy," may be
adjusted with great accuracy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPLIANCES FOR VENTILATING HOUSES AND BUILDINGS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frederick Joseph Sykes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th February 1880.
JOHN FREDERICK JOSEPH SYKES, of Fitzroy Square, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPLIANCES FOR VENTILATING HOUSES
AND BUILDINGS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the method of ventilating houses and
buildings, whereby a constant supply of fresh air is introduced into the rooms,
houses, or buildings to be ventilated at the same time that the vitiated air is
carried off, so that a constant current is kept up, the fresh air which is introduced
being warmed in cold weather or when required.
Tho
In carrying out my improvements I employ three tubes or shafts placed one
within the other, a space being left between each tube and the one next it.
innor or central tube is in communication with and serves to carry off the products
of combustion from the stove or other heating apparatus. The next or middle
tube is closed at the bottom and open at the top, and is in communication with the
upper part of each room or otherwise to be ventilated; the third or outer tube or
shaft is open at the bottom and closed at the top, and is in communication with
the lower part of each room or otherwise to be ventilated.
Suitable valves are provided where required to allow of shutting off the ingress
or egress of air, as may be found necessary.
AN IMPROVED PIPE FOR SMOKING TOBACCO
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brindle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1880.
JOHN BRINDLE, of Whitehaven, in the County of Cumberland, Auctioneer.
"AN IMPROVED PIPE FOR SMOKING TOBACCO."
The objects of this Invention, which relates to an improved pipe for smoking
tobacco, are to prevent any waste of the tobacco, by causing the whole of what is
put into the pipe, including the portion which is known as the "dottle" (and which
is usually thrown away), to be consumed; to keep the pipe at all times cool and
sweet; and to effect a saving in matches.
In carrying my Invention into practice I form the pipe bowl open and with an
inner recess at each end, the size of the top and bottom openings and recesses being
the same.
The bottom or breech end of the pipe is filled with a closing piece or
plug, which has a bottom flange slightly exceeding the size of the outside of the
bottom of the pipe, so that it can be readily taken hold of and the whole plug
removed, and with an inner flange which exactly fits the recesses in the ends of the
bowl, and centrally from which inner flange a conical extension rises, the base of
which is of smaller area than the inside of the pipe, and by means of which a
gutter is formed in which the nicotine and deleterious juice or moisture from the
tobacco and the saliva from the smoker all collects, and can be easily emptied
away upon the plug being removed in order that the pipe may be refilled or for
any other purpose.
"
When the pipe is once filled and alight, and it is desired to refill it, the plug is
removed and is placed in the top of the bowl and the fresh tobacco is pushed in at
the bottom, pushing the ignited "dottle up above it, and upon the plug being
again removed and replaced in the bottom of the bowl, the smoker can continue to
smoke without re-lighting the tobacco, and he will thus effect a saving and the
need of matches, which it is often exceedingly difficult to ignite in the open air.
This method of re-filling the pipe is very much cleaner than the usual method of
filling at the top of the pipe, according to which old method the smoker gets his
finger blackened and soiled and often burnt.
The plugs or closing pieces may be made of any suitable material, and in one or
in separable pieces or parts.
The stem of the pipe may be made separate from, or part of the bowl, in any usual
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR EMBROIDERY, LACE, AND OTHER TRIMMINGS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Garrow Duncan, of Goldsmith Street, Wood
Street, in the City of London, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HOLDERS FOR EMBROIDERY, LACE, AND OTHER TRIMMINGS." A communication
from abroad by Louis Reichenbach, of Saint Gall, Switzerland.
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Garrow Duncan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1880.
ALEXANDER GARROW DUNCAN, of Goldsmith Street, Wood Street, in the City
of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR EMBROIDERY, LACE, AND OTHER
TRIMMINGS." A communication from abroad by Louis Reichenbach, of Saint Gall,
Switzerland.
This Invention relates to a holder for embroidery, lace, and other trimmings,
which provides increased facilities for unwinding or removing therefrom any
required length without destroying the wrapper or covering.
In carrying out this Invention the holder consists of folding covers containing a
central wooden frame hinged thereto. This frame is provided on opposite sides
with recesses for the reception of a spindle which is attached to the card holding
the trimming. In applying the card to the holder the spindle is inserted in the
recesses in the frame and secured by a hook or similar device. The frame being
then in its vertical position the card may be rotated in order to unwind or remove
therefrom the trimming as required.
The top cover is formed with an opening for the display of the pattern in the
usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH STEEL-MELTING AND OTHER GAS-HEATED FURNACES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Williamson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th January 1880.
THOMAS WILLIAMSON, Works Manager to the Steel Company of Scotland,
of Newton and Glasgow, both in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH STEEL-MELTING AND OTHER GAS-HEATED
FURNACES."
This Invention has for its object to improve the construction of certain parts of
or connected with steel-melting and other gas-heated furnaces so as to render the
same more durable and less expensive as regards repairs.
The improvements are applicable to furnaces of the well-known kind having
four "regenerative" chambers below the furnace, there being an air chamber and
a gas chamber beneath or partly beneath each end of the furnace. In onė
modification embodying the improvements there are at each end three vertical air
flues and two vertical gas flues, communicating at their lower parts respectively
with the air and gas chambers, and at their upper ends with the interior of the
reverberatory or main chamber of the furnace. The five vertical flues are arranged
just so much out of line with each other when viewed in horizontal section as to
allow of the necessary thickness of brickwork between them, such brickwork
assuming a zig-zag form at the lower part where it constitutes the partition between
the air and gas chamber. The flues extend quite down to the bottoms of the air
and gas chambers, but the open "regenerative" brickwork in the chambers is
arranged or built up so that the communications of such open brickwork with the
vertical flues is at the upper parts of the chambers. With this arrangement when
the heated gases are passing down the vertical flues they do not beat downwards
on the open brickwork, which is consequently less liable to be fused; whilst at the
same time any fused material passing down the flues does not choke the open
brickwork but falls to the bottom of the flues. The outer walls of the vertical
flues at the part above the reverberatory chambers are made to follow the contour
of the flues, so as to present almost the same thickness at all parts, and to be
subjected as uniformly as possible to the action of changing temperatures.
Between the two pairs of "regenerative" chambers there is constructed a
chamber beneath the middle of the furnace as usual, but this chamber is availed of
to lead air up under and about the furnace bed, such air entering from a pit or
chamber at one side and passing up through flues made in the roof of the middle
chamber for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Julián Clairmonte at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1880.
ADOLPHUS JULIAN CLAIRMONTE, of Ryde, Isle of Wight.
MOTIVE POWER ENGINES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This engine is formed by a diagonal diamond shaped receiver, having two ends
of four diagonal sides each with rectilinear points forming guides. The ends are
attached to two wheels which revolve on their axes. The four longitudinal sides
of the receiver are diagonal, and fit to the lines of the ends and into the rectilinear
guides. These longitudinal sides form four levers, which are fastened to the
wheels at four points at right angles, and which receive the pressure of the motive
force employed, whereby the engine is put in motion and driven. The interstices
are made air tight by packing and india rubber bands screwed over them.
According to a modification the engine is formed as above, but it has a diagonal
diamond shaped opening in each end. Four additional piston levers are introduced
on the inner side, placed and affixed to the wheels in the same manner as the outer
ones, and which close up the receiver on the inner side.
According to another modification the engine is shaped in the same manner as
above, but the two ends are divided transversely into four equal parts each, and
each part attached to a lever, and the levers attached to the wheels at points on the
opposite side of the wheels to the parts attached to the levers. The parts are
therefore attached to the wheels by the levers in contrary directions.
According to a further modification the engine may be formed as above, but
instead of the levers being attached to the wheels, they may be attached to the
receiver itself at right angular points.
The motive forces employed are compressed air, compressed air and water, and
also by producing a vacuum within the receiver.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CURRENT METERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Law at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1880.
HENRY LAW, Civil Engineer, of No. 5, Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex. “IMPROVEMENTS IN CURRENT METERS."
I so construct the meter that the shaft or axle which is put into motion by the
current imparts its motion to a vertical shaft or axle enclosed in a tube closed at
its upper extremity, the vertical shaft being carried to the upper part of the tube,
and an arrangenient being there adopted by which at one point in its revolution it
completes an electric circuit which gives a signal to the observer above the surface
of the water, or records the number of times that the circuit is so completed. By
this arrangement the air in the vertical tube not being able to escape prevents
the water reaching its upper extremity and interfering with the perfect insulation
of the electric current, and the use of any kind of stuffing box is rendered
unnecessary, a matter of considerable importance in an instrument in which it is
desirable to reduce the friction to the lowest possible limit.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hazlehurst, Edward
Hazlehurst, and Thomas William Hazlehurst, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1880.
WILLIAM HAZLEHURST, EDWARD HAZLEHURST, and THOMAS WILLIAM
HAZLEHURST, all of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE."
This Invention relates to the manufacture of artificial manure from human
excreta, being the produce of what is known as the "pail system."
We take the "pails" with their contents in the state in which they are first
received, that is, with solid and liquid excreta, paper, and other refuse combined, and
empty the contents into a tank or vessel. To this we then add quick lime in the
proportion of about one ton of quick lime to twelve tons of excreta.
This is allowed to rest until it assumes a pasty consistency and has become
quiescent, and we then turn it over by means of spades, rakes, or other suitable
instruments for a sufficient time to thoroughly mix the ingredients together, after
which we dry the same either in the open atmosphere (or otherwise), and as it
dries it falls into powder, and requires very little (if any) crushing or pulverizing
to fit it for use upon the land.
IMPROVMENTS IN SCREW FASTENINGS AND LOCK NUTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hubbard James at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1880.
SAMUEL HUBBARD JAMES, Civil Engineer, of Liddington, Uppingham, in the
County of Rutland. "IMPROVMENTS IN SCREW FASTENINGS AND LOCK NUTS."
Instead of making the male and female threads to correspond with each other I
alter or vary the "pitch" of one or part of one.
For general convenience in practise I prefer to alter the pitch of the fomale
thread, in order that the present Whitworth standard may be maintained in its
integrity for the male thread or bolt wherever desired.
For instance, assuming ten threads to the inch to be the present Whitworth
standard of pitch for a three quarter inch bolt & nut, I use a Whitworth bolt as
it is with ten threads to the inch, but I make the nut or female screw to have a
different pitch, that is, with something more than or something less than ten threads
to the inch, by which means the substance of which the male & female threads
are made is strained by tension or compression, as the case may be, in either event
forming a lock nut or screw fastening which will withstand vibration.
Where desired the converse may be used, viz., the male thread to be altered &
the female be kept to Whitworth guage.
As different metals and substances are more elastic than others I do not limit
myself to any particular or exact amount of deviation in pitch as the objects in
view are, first, to make sufficient variation between the respective pitches of male
and female threads to create a lock, and, secondly, to avoid making too great a
variation whereby the threads might be injured or strained beyond the point
where the elasticity of the particular material employed would be subject to what
is commonly called a "permanent set."
I wish it to be therefore most clearly understood that the especial feature of
novelty and very essence of this Invention consists in the use of a nut or female
screw, whose threads either wholly or in part differ in "pitch" from the bolt or
male thread used in combination therewith.
For all practical purposes the Invention can be substantially described in the
following seven words, viz., male and female threads differ in pitch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANNEALING BOXES AND PANS."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Hill Onions, of Queen Street, Wolverhampton,
in the County of Stafford, Metal Broker, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANNEALING BOXES AND PANS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Hill Onions-at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th September 1880.
"1
CHARLES HILL ONIONS, of Queen Street, Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Metal Broker. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANNEALING
BOXES AND PANS."
In constructing them with a series of wrot iron chains or links imbedded in the
cast iron in the process of casting, with the view to preventing the breaking or
parting of the annealing boxes or pans during the operation of annealing, from
the action of the fire on the cast iron, and the wrot iron is to compensate and to hold
together the boxes and pans, even should the heat cause the casting to crack or
break the same. The Invention is applicable to all boxes and pans used for the
purpose of annealing either iron or other metals, glass, or earthenware.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Hill Onions in the Great Soal Patent Office on the 5th
March 1881.
CHARLES HILL ONIONS, of Hill Street, Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Metal Broker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANNEALING
BOXES AND PANS."
My said Invention is an improvement in the construction of annealing boxes
and pans or bottoms, which consists in constructing them with a series of wrought
iron chains or links imbedded in the cast iron in the process of casting, as under-
stood by any ironmoulder.
In the accompanying sketch Figures one are sectional views of my Invention ;
and Figures two are transverse sections of the same.
The object of this Invention is to prevent the breaking and parting of the
annealing boxes and pans in the furnace during the operation of annealing, from
the action of the fire on- the cast-iron, and-the-wrought iron is to compensate.and.
to hold together the boxes and pans, even should the heat cause the casting to crack
_or_break_the_same.
The Invention is applicable to all boxes and pans used for the purpose-of-
annealing either iron or other metals, glass, or earthenware.-
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Hill Onions, have hereunto set my.
hand and seal, this Second day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Signed and sealed in the
presence of
THOMAS JARVIS,
Clerk to Mr. H. Stanley,
Solicitor,
Wolverhampton.
CHARLES HILL ONIONS. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sydney Pitt, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL." A commu-
nication from abroad by Henri Guillaume Harmet, of Denain, Department of
Nord, in the Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sydney Pitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1880.
SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF STEEL." [A communication from abroad by Henri Guillaume
Harmet, of Denain, Department of Nord, in the Republic of France.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of steel.
For the recarburation of steels obtained in bulk by modern methods, the material
employed, whether cast iron, spiegeleisen, or ferro-manganese, has up to the present
time been obtained direct from the smelting furnace from pure minerals, and
besides always contains a certain proportion of silicium.
According to this Invention a carburating material is employed which contains
only iron and carbon; it is such that each manufactory can produce it for itself,
whilst it gives the greatest facility for bringing a steel bath to the degree of
hardness desired.
This material I obtain by remelting the scrap steel resulting from the manu-
facture, and I employ for this a cupola lined with carbon bricks, either coke or
graphite, or it may be with basic matter. I thus obtain at a very low price a
product containing three or four per cent. of carbon free from silicium, and other
impurities which are always to be found in cast irons. This product is eminently
suitable for the carburation of steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING HORSES OR OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest de Pass at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November 1880. A communication
from abroad by La Société Guillaume et Compagnie, of 1, Boulevard Saint-
Denis, Paris, France, Manufacturers.
ERNEST DE PASS, of the Office for British and Foreign Patents, 6S, Fleet
Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
CLIPPING HORSES OR OTHER ANIMALS." A communication from abroad by La
Société Guillaume et Compagnie, of 1, Boulevard Saint-Denis, Paris, France,
Manufacturers.
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for clipping horses or other
animals, and has for its object to constantly ensure perfect contact of the moveable
comb against the fixed comb.
The improvements consist in the arrangement and combination of a jointed lever,
one end of which is raised by a screw, while the other exerts a pressure on a notched
plate, hereinafter described, under which the moveable comb slides. This moveable
comb is, as usual, in juxtaposition with the fixed comb, which is secured to one of
the handles of the apparatus. This moveable comb, which works reciprocally upon
the fixed comb, is actuated by a cam-finger or the like at the end of the other
handle, and is held and guided by the notched plate which takes or fits into a
projection or heel piece on the end of the handle of the moveable comb. The upper
portion of this notched plate is bent over or curved and forms a guide, which
engages in a transverse slot cut in the face of the moveable comb; this slot guides
the blade without the use of pins, or studs, and slots as heretofore.
Contact of the clipping or cutting portions of the combs is ensured by the
pressure of the lever. This lever has at its centre a stud or button provided with
à collar, which takes into a suitably shaped slot contrived in the projection or heel
piece. The stud or button is free to oscillate in this slot, and is retained therein by
its collar.
One end of the lever is provided with a set-screw, which presses against the
handle of the moveable comb, and the other end thereof presses against the upper
portion of the notched plate, and thus any desired pressure may be brought to bear
on the combs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND FOR COATING, AND IN THE MANNER OF APPLYING THE SAME TO WOOD, PASTE-BOARD, AND OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1880. A com-
munication from Heinrich Reinhold and Carl Heinrich Dracke, both of
Hamburg, in the German Empire.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND FOR COATING, AND
IN THE MANNER OF APPLYING THE SAME TO WOOD, PASTE-BOARD, AND OTHER
MATERIAL." A communication from Heinrich Reinhold and Carl Heinrich Dracke,
both of Hamburg, in the German Empire.
This improved compound for coating wood and other material produces on the
surface of the material a slate-like imitation, which can be used for the manufacture
of imitated boards of slate out of wood, paste-board, and other material.
This compound likewise renders the surface of wood, cement, and other material
impenetrable from moisture, and prevents the former from decay.
The compound, which may by means of a brush be laid on to the material which
has to be protected or which has to be furnished with a slate imitation, consists of
a mixture of the following substances in about the following proportions :-
7.054 ozs. avoirdupois (200 grammes) of copal are dissolved in 14.108 ozs. avoir.
(400 grammes) of ether. This solution is mixed with a solution of 2.2 lbs. avoir.
(1 kilogramme) of shellac and 2.2 lbs. avoir. (1 kilogramme) of sandarac in
7.043 pints (4 litres) of strong alcohol, to which are added 5.29 ozs. avoir.
(150 grammes) of lamp-black, 1.763 ozs. avoir. (50 grammes) of ultramarine,
1.057 ozs. avoir. (30 grammes) of Venice turpentine, and 2.2 lbs. avoir. (1 kilo-
gramme) of emery.
For producing imitated boards of slate the compound is laid on to the smooth
surface of the board by means of a brush (as a paint), and the coating, while still
wet, is set on fire. After the flame is extinguished a second coating of compound
is applied to the board, which is not lighted, but is to be allowed to dry. The
surface is then rubbed down by means of pumice stone, sand paper, or other
suitable material, and is then washed. Boards treated in this manner receive and
present a slate-like surface, and can be used instead of real slates for writing and
drawing purposes, and so forth.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE BRICKS AND BLOCKS, GAS RETORTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES IN WHICH GREAT INFUSIBILITY IS REQUIRED
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Thomas Hickman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1880.
HENRY THOMAS HICKMAN, of Stourbridge, in the County of Worcester, Fire Brick
Manufacturer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
FIRE BRICKS AND BLOCKS, GAS RETORTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES IN WHICH GREAT
INFUSIBILITY IS REQUIRED."
In the ordinary manufacture of fire bricks and blocks, gas retorts, and the like, the
clay commonly known as Stourbridge clay is employed, the said clay being very
infusible or refractory and answering well for general purposes. For some purposes
however, especially in the construction of gas furnaces in which gaseous fuel is
burned (and which gas furnaces are now largely used), a material more refractory
than Stourbridge clay is desirable; and my Invention consists of the new or
improved composition herein after described, which is more infusible or refractory
than Stourbridge clay, and which may advantageously be used where greater
infusibility than that of Stourbridge clay is required.
In making the new or improved composition constituting my Invention, I take
finely ground ordinary slate and finely ground clay preferably, fire clay. I mix
three parts by measure of the ground slate with one part by measure of the ground
clay, and by the addition of water, and by means of the treatment ordinarily
resorted in working clay, I produce a plastic mass which may be moulded and
otherwise worked in the same way as Stourbridge clay.
Articles made of my new or improved composition are burned in the same way
as articles made of Stourbridge clay.
The powdered slate gives great infusibility to the composition, while the clay
gives the plasticity necessary to the working of the composition.
The proportions I have given I find to answer well in practice, but I do not limit
myself to those proportions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR DRIVING BANDS OR BELTS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernard Zieschang at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1880.
BERNARD ZIESCHANG, of 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR DRIVING BANDS OR BELTS, AND
IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
This Invention relates to the construction of an improved fastener for connecting
together the ends of driving bands or belts, and to an improved apparatus for
marking on the ends of the band the positions for the holes to receive the fasteners,
and for punching such holes.
The apparatus for marking the band and punching the holes therein consists of a
metal stock or handle, the underside of which is formed with a number of teeth
which serve to mark the band, and the end is formed to receive a cutter of sheet
steel bent to the form required to cut or punch the holes in the band.
The fastener is constructed of suitable cast metal, and is made of a double T
shape, the part connecting the head portions being preferably circular, so as to
prevent the holes in the band from being torn.
This construction of fastener, in combination with the holes punched as
herein before described in the band, is both cheap and strong, can be easily placed in
position to connect the ends of a band, and at the same time it allows the ends of
the band to be easily and quickly disconnected; and the improved apparatus
hereinbefore described allows the holes in the two ends of the band to be punched
exactly opposite each other, so as to ensure a good fit and connection.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF STEAM TO STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parker and Lewis Ogden
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1880.
WILLIAM PARKER, of Richmond Villa, Ravensbourne Park, Catford Bridge, in
the County of Kent, and LEWIS OGDEN, of Victoria Terrace, Goole, Yorkshire.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF STEAM TO
STEAM ENGINES."
Our Invention has for object improvements in apparatus for regulating the
supply of steam to steam engines. For this purpose we cause the engine to be
controlled to drive (in any suitable manner) a screw propeller, which works in
water or other fluid in a suitable chamber or vessel, and by its thrust in opposition
to a spring or equivalent keeps the throttle or regulating valve open to the required
extent for the normal speed of the engine for which our apparatus is for the time
being set. On that speed being exceeded the extra thrust of the screw propeller
will overcome the resistance of the spring or equivalent and operate the throttle
valve of the engine so as to reduce or shut off the steam supply, it may be directly
or through the medium of an auxiliary steam or other engine, or other mechanical
arrangement.
CARRIAGES FOR RELEASING HORSES IN DIFFICULTIES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bowden and James Garward
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1880.
WILLIAM BOWDEN, of No. 5, Railway Parade, Hoe Street, Walthamstow, in the
County of Essex, Refreshment House Keeper, and JAMES GARWARD, of High
"A SPLINTER BAR TO
Street, Leyton, in the same County, Engineer and Smith.
CARRIAGES FOR RELEASING HORSES IN DIFFICULTIES."
.
This Invention consists of a bar of iron or wood which forms the splinter bar, with
two iron rollers having studs affixed, to which the traces are attached, fastened
with an iron band and hinge in centre of each roller; the hinges are held with
bolts at the back of the bar. To release the horses when down or in difficulties,
withdraw the bolts at the back of the bar, upon doing which the iron band in
centre of roller falls forward, causing the roller to which the traces are attached to
revolve, immediately releasing the traces without injuring the harness, giving the
horses room to recover themselves. This is applicable to heavy vehicles, such as,
waggons, omnibuses, &c. For light vehicles, such as broughams, phaetons, &c., there
are two spring bolts at the back of the bar in the place of the bolts mentioned
above for heavy vehicles, to which is attached a piece of catgut or strap of leather
running over small wheels at the back of the bar leading to the bed of the carriage,
brought up a tube by the side or front of the perch bolt through the bottom of the
carriage in front of the seat, with a handle, which by pulling releases the iron band
that holds the rollers, which immediately revolves and allows the traces to fall off
and the horses to clear themselves
The utility of this Invention is that in case of a horse or horses falling down or
kicking, instantly releasing the horse or horses without cutting the harness or
worrying the horses which is done by the present system.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' VENTILATORS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John William Shepherd, of Tufnell Park Terrace
Holloway, and George Lines, of Cloudesley Road, Islington, both in the
County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS'
VENTILATORS,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John William Shepherd &
George Lines at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th
November 1880.
JOHN WILLIAM SHEPHERD, of Tufnell Park Terrace, Holloway, and GEORGE
LINES, of Cloudesley Road, Islington, both in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' VENTILATORS."
For this purpose, in order to ventilate the cabin or other part of a vessel, we fix
into the vessel's side a small chamber or bent tube, which is open to the outer air
and to the cabin or other part to be ventilated, the opening to the cabin or other
part to be ventilated being placed a short distance above the opening to the
outer air.
'
In connection with this chamber we employ a sliding catcher, collector, or
conductor, which is preferably of cylindrical form, closed at its outer end, but
partially or entirely open at its inner end and at one side.
A rod from this catcher, collector, or conductor passes into the interior of the
cabin or other part to be ventilated through a stuffing box, thereby permitting the
said catcher, collector, or conductor to be protruded from the vessel's side when
ventilation is required, and to be partly or wholly drawn back within the tube, as
may be desired.
In order to prevent the possibility of any water passing through the ventilating
tube into the cabin or other place to be ventilated, we interpose a floating valve,
or a valve provided with a pendant float to act against a suitable seat.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of our said Invention and the mode in which
we carry the same into effect, we would have it understood that what we claim is,
the general arrangement and combination herein shown and described, and for the
purpose stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Lines, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Second day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
GEORGE LINES. (L.S.)