Improvements in Type-writers.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Aug., 1892-Accepted, 17th Sept., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type-writers.
A communication from abroad by Messrs. WYCKOFF, SEAMANS, AND BENEDICT,
of 327, Broadway, New York City, New York, United States of America,
Manufacturers.
I, JOHN CORRY FELL, of the firm of Fell and Wilding, of 1, Queen Victoria
Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The carriage feeding or escapement mechanism of type-writing machines should
be so constructed and arranged as to allow ample time for easy movement of the
carriage from space to space, but as such mechanisms have heretofore been made
and applied the desideratum referred to has not being realized.
A lack of sufficient time for the carriage to move easily from space to space
results in irregular spacing and uneven alignment in the writing produced.
It has heretofore been attempted to remedy this difficulty in two ways, first, by
making a lighter carriage, and secondly, by increasing the pull or tension on
the same.
As the carriage must necessarily have sufficient strength and rigidity to resist
vibrations and accidental strains, it has been found impracticable to cure the
trouble alluded to, without presenting new difficulties or drawbacks, by making a
carriage of materially less weight.
If the second remedy, namely, high tension, be applied, numerous other objections
are encountered, such as heavy friction on the dogs and consequent speedy wear,
hard and resisting touch to the finger keys, which must move the dogs as well as
the type-bars, shock and vibration of the carriage at each stoppage, a twisting of
the carriage, due to its being stopped at its rear, while its centre of inertia is
at the middle, a grinding of channels in the guide rod, a rapid wear of the ycke
blocks, both due to the twisting action referred to, and finally resistance to the
return of the carriage to its initial position.
In the old construction of machines, the ascending type-bar strikes the platen
and then drops to its initial position against the type-rest. During its return and
when about half-way back, the carriage is released and its forward movement
begun. As the next bar is moved so as to pass the descending bar at about the
middle of its return movement, in order to get all the speed possible, it will be seen
that all the time in which the carriage has to move to the next place or notch is
while the ascending bar is moving between a point half-way up and the platen or
printing point, which is perhaps a fiftieth of a second. As it is practically
impossible to move the carriage in this brief time, without encountering some of
the objections hereinbefore recited, it will be readily understood how desirable it is
that the carriage be released at an earlier period.
The invention has for its main object to release the carriage before the printing
is done and while the type bar is moving to print, and to this end this part of the
invention consists first in arranging the carriage feeding devices, with reference to
the movements of the type-bars, in a manner such that the carriage shall be
released while the type-bars are moving to print, and shall be in transit at the
moment of impact of the type being printed.
This arrangement, it will be seen, is the reverse of that which has heretofore been
used, and I have designated the same by the expression "reverse feed" in contra-
distinction to the usual or natural feed of the carriage. In such reversed
mechanism, if the front "detaining dog," (or that nearest the operator), or that

page_text: dog which stands in engagement with the feed-rack in the normal or unused
condition of the carriage be made fast, rigid, or unyielding, and the keys be struck
very rapidly, said dog is liable to hit against the side of a tooth of the rack in
returning to normal position, if through want of proper driving tension or want of
time to travel, the paper-carriage should fail to move the proper distance before
said dog starts to return; and should said dog strike the side of a tooth instead of
passing into the space between two teeth, the return movement of the dog will be
stopped and if the next key be struck at this instant, said dog will be moved back
to its abnormal position before the loose or spacing dog has left the rack, and
while the carriage is moving the letter-space distance, with the result that the
carriage stops at the instant the second letter is printed and cannot feed a letter-
space thereafter as it should, although when the finger-key is released the fast dog
returns in engagement with the rack.
The effect of this irregular conditions of the parts shows itself in the printing of
the next letter which strikes upon or over the preceding or second letter printed.
In other words, if a be printed and the fast dog in returning collides with the side
of a tooth instead of passing into the next space or notch, said dog will be arrested
before the carriage has made a full letter-space. Ifb be struck at this moment,
the fast dog will move frontwise again and the carriage with the spacing dog in the
rack will complete the letter-space before b can print and the letter-space between a
and will be all right. At this time, however, the spacing dog will be in the rack
and stopped, or at the limit of its throw towards the left and the printing of b was
done after the stoppage of the carriage or at the end of the feed for a. As soon as
the finger is taken off of key & the detaining dog passes into the notch just occupied
by the spacing dog, and hence there is no feed of the carriage after bis printed,
and if key be now struck, the carriage will be released, but the type c will print
on top of 6, since the carriage just starts to move or moves only slowly at the time
of impact of the type.
The invention has for a further object, therefore, to provide a construction of
reverse feed in which this objectionable action cannot take place, and to this end
consists in the features of construction and combinations of devices, hereinafter more
fully described and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
It has been found in practice with such reverse feed, that if the key-levers be
operated slowly, or be hell down while the type are in contact with the paper, the
impressions produced will be blurred and objectionable, because in such reverse
feed the paper-carriage is timed to be released previous to the moment the type
strikes the paper.
It will thus be seen that if at this moment the depression of the
key-lever be maintained, the type will be held raised against the paper, and the
latter being in motion, the result will be that the paper will rub over the type or
the interposed inking ribbon. If, however, the key-lever be operated rapidly, or if
it be released before the type strikes the paper, the above referred to objectionable
blurring will not take place, because if the key lever be actuated sharply and the
finger be removed at once, the type-bar will ascend by inertia, make its impression
during the initial vibration of the carriage, and will at once fall back by gravity
before any rubbing action can occur. For these reasons said reverse feed has
proved desirable and efficient only for very rapid operators.
The invention has for a further object, therefore, to so construct the said reverse
feed that if the machine be operated slowly, it will be impossible for the type to
blur or produce faulty impressions, and to this end the invention consists in the
features of construction and combinations of devices hereinafter more fully
described and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
And the invention further consists in certain details of construction and
combinations of devices as will be hereinafter more fully described and claimed.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a rear elevation, partly in section of a type-writing machine
embodying the improvements relating to the first part of the invention.
Figure 2 is a central vertical section of the same.

page_text: Figure 3 is a side sectional detail view of the type movement and escapement
devices.
Figure 4 is a rear sectional elevation of the escapement devices, enlarged, and
Figure 5 is a perspective view of the same.
Figure 6 is a central vertical section of so much of a type-writing machine as is
necessary to illustrate the second and third main parts of the improvements.
Figure 7 is a back view thereof.
Figure 8 is a vertical section taken at the line a, a of Figure 7, showing the
positions of the parts when the feed-dogs are vibrated forwardly and the key-levers
are held depressed by the finger of the operator, the key-levers not being shown,
however.
Figure 9 is a similar view, showing the positions of the parts when the feed dogs
have been vibrated forwardly and the key-lever has been released.
Figure 10 is a diagrammatic view, in plan, to illustrate the feed of the carriage
when the parts are in the positions shown at Figure 9.
Figure 11 is a similar view to illustrate the detention of the carriage when the
parts are in the positions represented at Figure 3.
Figure 12 is a similar view to illustrate the detention of the carriage when the
parts are in the positions represented at Figure 6.
Figure 13 is a perspective view of all of the parts shown at Figure 8, detached
or separated.
In the various views, the same part will be found designated by the same numera
of reference.
Referring now more particularly to Figures 1 to 5 inclusive, 1 designates the
frame work of the machine 2, the top-plate or type-ring, upon which the type-bars
or levers 3 are hung or pivoted in the usual manner. 4 are the key-levers,
and 5 the connecting-rods coupling them to the type-bars, which latter in their
normal positions lie against a rest or support 6. is the paper-carriage, which
may be of the usual construction, and 8 the paper-platen mounted therein. The
rear side of the carriage is provided with anti-friction rollers 9, which travel on a
hinge-and-guide-rail 10, mounted in brackets 11 on the frame-work or top-plate.
Hinged to the carriage, in the customary manner, is a frame 12 bearing a vertically
arranged feed-rack, 13, with which engages, alternately, two dogs 14 and 15. The
dog 14 is designated as the holding or detaining dog, as its function is to arrest or
stop the carriage when in engagement with the feed rack, and the dog 15 is
designated as the spacing or feeding dog, as its function is to so co-operate with the
rack as to govern the actual feed or letter spacing movement of the carriage. The
dog 14 is preferably pivoted at 16 in cars 17 at the upper end of a dog-holder or
support 18, which at its lower end is provided with or connected to a trunnion or
spacing rocker 19, whose ends are pivotally supported upon pins or journals 20,
fixed in lugs 21 in a depending frame-work 22. The said dog 14 when pivoted as
above, is provided with an extension or tail-piece 23, which contacts with the dog-
holder and limits the movement of the dog in one direction. Between the lower
end of the dog 14 and the upper end of the dog-holder is a space or gap, as at 24,
to permit of the vibration of said dog in the opposite direction. Within seats or
housings 25 and 26 in the dog-holder and dog is arranged a spiral spring 27, which
acts to normally hold the dog in an upright position parallel with the dog-holder.
The dog 15 is pivoted at 28 in ears 29 formed integral with the dog-holder and
in rear of the dog 14. A coiled spring 30, connected at one end to the dog-holder,
and at the other end bearing against said dog, is provided to move said dog to the
right, considered from the front of the machine. The movement of the said dog in
this direction, by the spring 30, is limited by a stop 31, having a soft or cushioned
face 32, the stop being arranged at one end of a slidable bar 33, which is connected
to the front side of the dog-holder by a supporting screw 34, and which is moved
or slid thereon by an adjusting screw and nut 35 and 36. The return or opposite
movement of the dog 15 is limited by the dog-holder against which it strikes.
Formed integral with the trunnion or spacing-rocker and the dog-holder and

page_text: extending forwardly is a rocker-arm 37, to which is secured a long cross-bar 38, to
each end of which is hooked the upper end of a connecting rod 39, whose lower end
is attached to one end of a transverse universal-bar 40 underlying all of the key-
levers, so as to be actuated thereby.
Upon the rocker or trunnion 19 is mounted a coiled spring 41, one end of which
is connected to a collar 42 on said trunnion or rocker, and the other end of which
is hooked over the frame-work 22, means being provided at 43 to regulate the
tension of said spring, and hence the return movement of the dog-holder and its
appurtenances and connections.
In the normal or unused position of the parts, the holding dog 14 stands in
engagement with the feed-rack, and prevents the carriage from being propelled
in the direction of the arrow by the usual spring-actuated driving drum or disc 44,
to which it is connected by the belt or band 45, and the feeding dog 15 stands in
rear of and one notch or space of the rack to the right, as seen at Figures 1, 2, 4
and 5.
Upon the depression of a key lever, the dog-holder is vibrated forwardly, through
the universal-bar, connecting-rod and spacing rocker, and the dog 14 moved out of
engagement with the teeth of the feed-rack, and the dog 15 moved into engagement
therewith, but in rear or to the right of the tooth which the dog 14 had first
resisted. As soon as the dog 15 engages with the rack the driving power being
stronger than the spring 30, operates to pull the carriage in the direction of the
arrow until the dog 14 has been brought against the dog-holder and stopped
thereby, at which time the points or upper ends of both dogs will lie in line or in
the same vertical plane. When the key lever is released, a spring 41 operates to
return all of the parts, and the rigid or holding dog enters the identical notch
which the dog 15 occupied, thus preventing any movement of the carriage at this
time. As soon as the dog 15 is moved rearwardly, out of the rack its spring 30
throws it to the right, as seen at Figures 1 and 4, in position to engage the next
notch when the dog 15 is withdrawn again.
By referring now to Figure 3, it will be observed that when the type 46 is moved
half-way up to the platen, the holding dog 14 has been moved from the rack, and
the feed-dog 15 has been engaged therewith. At this moment therefore, the
carriage begins to move, and while this movement is taking place the type strikes
the paper on the platen or effects the printing of its character.
As the last half or portion of the movement of the type-bar is very rapid the
impression is made before the carriage has moved more than two or three
thousandths of an inch on its way to the next stop. The paper, is therefore,
printed upon while the carriage is moving, but moving slowly.
I have carried out the invention in practice and find it perfectly feasible to print
while the carriage is in motion, and by thus organizing the machine I am enabled
to produce better alignment and spacing while at the same time decreasing the
friction of the dogs, the wear on the dogs, the finger-key touch or action, the
resistance of the carriage to return, the friction and wear of all of the moving
parts, and the shock or vibration of the carriage in stopping.
By giving the carriage more time between spaces less driving power and finger-
tension are required, and hence I am enabled to effect the desiderata above
referred to, and also produce a machine which may be operated with greater
rapidity.
The dog 14 is pivoted at 16 for the sole purpose of enabling the carriage to be
returned easily and quietly and without unnecessary wear on the dog or the rack.
In returning the carriage, the dog 14 vibrates about its pivot or yields, against the
tension of its spring, the gap or space permitting the upper end of the dog to swing
to the right as the rack is pulled over it in contact.
If it be not desired to provide for the quiet and easy return of the carriage, the
dog 14 may be made rigid or unyielding and the rack left to rise and fall on the dog.
The invention includes the dog 14, whether pivoted or fixed.
The machine shown at Figures 1 to 5 inclusive, and just described, it will be

page_text: observed, contains only the first part or my several improvements, namely, that
relating to the reverse feed.
Figures 6 to 13 inclusive likewise show the first part of my improvements, and
show also the second and third parts of the same.
Referring now to the last mentioned figures, it will be observed that certain
changes in detail construction of the spacing-rocker, dog-holder, and dogs have
been made, in order to embody the second and third parts of my improvements, and
in describing the same I shall use the same numerals of reference employed in the
description with reference to Figures 1 to 5 inclusive, for all of the parts that are
like, or substantially like the parts referred to at Figures 1 to 5 inclusive. New
parts or parts differing essentially in construction or mode of operation will be
designated by new or additional numerals of reference.
The spacing rocker is formed with two upwardly extending lugs 47, at a suitable
distance apart, and between these lugs are arranged downwardly projecting ears 48
formed integral with the dog-holder, designated in its entirety by the numeral 18.
Passing through said lugs and cars is a pivot-pin 49, whereby the dog-holder is
pivotally connected or jointed to the spacing-rocker. In a fork or bifurcated
support, 50, is pivoted the lower end of the shank 51 of the forward detaining
dog 14, the upper end of which shank is provided with an offset or projection 52,
for a purpose which will presently appear. The dog 14 may be made integral with
its shank 51, but it is preferably pivoted or jointed thereto as at 16, and provided
with an intervening spring 27, in order that the carriage may be returned to the
right easily and practically noiselessly, and without undue wear on the escapement.
devices, as before explained.
In another bracket or fork 53, formed integral with the dog-holder, is pivoted
the lower end of the shank 54 of the feeding or spacing dog 15, which is preferably
made rigid or integral with its shank, and which is provided with an offset or
projection 55, adapted to overlap on the right hand side the offset or projection 52
provided at the upper end of the shank 51, so that when the dog 15 vibrates
towards the left, it may carry with it the dog 14, so as to insure the proper
entrance of the last mentioned dog between the teeth of the rack at the cessation
of the feed of the carriage, and the return of the spacing-rocker and its appendages
to their first positions.
A wire spring 30 is connected to the shank 54 for the purpose of throwing and
holding the dog 15 to the right, or in the position shown at Figure 7 of the
drawings, in which position it rests against a stop 31 on a screw projecting towards
the left hand side of the machine, considered from the position occupied by the
operator.
A similar spring 56 is provided for the shank 51, and the tension of this spring is
such as to throw the dog 14 to the right and move its projection 52 against the
projection 55, which serves as a stop for the said dog in its movement to the right,
it being understood that at the time the dog 14 is vibrated to the right, the dog 15
is at the limit of its throw in the same direction, and is resting against the stop 31.
The screw stop 31 is supported in a rearwardly-projecting wing 57, screwed upon
a downward projection 58, extending from a support or bearing 59 formed integral
with an upwardly-extending arm or vertical member 60 of the dog-holder 18.
In the support or bearing 59 is mounted a screw 61, which at its forward end is
provided with a leather or other soft or yielding buffer or cushion 62, which forms
in connection with the frame-work 22, a stop for the forward vibration of the
spacing rocker and the devices carried thereby. This stop, as well as the stop 31,
is adjustable, the screws being provided with locking-nuts to hold them in their
desired positions. The arm 60 extends high enough to reach the level of the
projection or offset 52 and form a stop for both dogs as they vibrate towards the
left in the feed of the carriage.
Upon the spacing rocker is arranged as heretofore, a spring 41, to return the
same and its appendages to their normal positions after having been rocked forward
by the vibration of any of the key-levers of the machine.

page_text: Formed integral with the spacing rocker is an upwardly extending arm 63, which
at its uppermost end is bent to project towards the right, and which at or near its
extremity is notched or cut away at 64, to form a shoulder 65 to co-act with the
dog 15, to form a stop or detent for said dog, as will presently be more fully
explained. For this arm 63 is provided a stop made in the form of a screw 66 and
extending forwardly through a lateral extension or support 67 formed integral with
the dog-holder.
In Figures 6 and 7, the parts are represented as in their normal positions, in
which case the dog 14 stands in engagement with the feed-rack 13 of the power
driven carriage, the spring of which acts in opposition to the weaker spring of the
dog and operates to hold said dog over to the limit of its vibration to the left, and
with its ledge or projection 52 in contact with the arm or vertical member 60. At
this time the dog 15 stands out of engagement with the rack, and at. the limit of
its vibration towards the right, with its shank resting against the stop 31, the
upper or operating end of the dog 15 occupying a position to the right in line
with the next succeeding notch of the rack. At this time also the back edge of
the dog 15, is seated in the notch or cut away, 64, formed in the extremity of the
arm 63.
Now, if the key-lever 4 be depressed to raise its type-bar, the spacing rocker
will be vibrated and the dog 14 moved out of engagement with the rack 13, and
the dog 15 moved into engagement therewith and into the notch immediately in
rear or to, the right of the one just vacated by the dog 14. As soon as the dog 14
is freed from the feed-rack its spring 56 acts to throw it to the right until its
projection 52 strikes against the projection 55 of the dog 15. If the depression of
the key-lever be made quickly and the finger be removed before the type strikes
the paper on the platen, the type will continue to move towards the platen by
inertia and make its impression, and simultaneously the feed of the carriage will
commence, the type-bar in this case being free to descend the instant it strikes the
paper, and before any rubbing action upon the paper can take place. In feeding
thus, the carriage driving spring, acting through the rack, operates to pull the
dog 15 towards the left against the tension of its spring until said dog is arrested
by the stop arm 60. In thus moving towards the left, the dog 15, by reason of the
presence of the projections 52 and 55, operates to carry with it the dog 14, and the
dog 15 is stopped by the arm 60, indirectly through said projections 52 and 55,
the former coming into direct contact with the arm 60. While this feed of the
carriage is taking place, the spacing-rocker, under the influence of its returning
spring 41, commences to rock rearwardly and carry the dogs in the same direction,
swinging or moving the dog 15 out of engagement with the rack, and the dog 14
back into engagement therewith and into the notch that the dog 15 leaves. As
soon as the dog 15 is freed from the rack, its spring operates to vibrate it towards
the right against the back stop 31, the dog 14 remaining in the rack and at rest
against the front stop 60 due to the superior force of the carriage driving power.
In the above described operation, it will be understood that the printing operation
is supposed to have been so rapidly performed that at the time the type struck the
paper on the platen the finger of the operator had been removed from the key-lever,
in order to allow the type to instantly recede after leaving its impression and the
carriage feed which had begun before the impression, to be completed thereafter.
When the key-lever is depressed in the case referred to, the arm 63 operates to
vibrate the dog-holder 18 forwardly about the pivots 20, by reason of the contact
of its upper end with the back edge of the dog 15, and thus move the dog 14 out of
engagement with the rack and the dog 15 into engagement therewith, as shown for
example at Figure 8. At the time this shifting of position of the dogs takes place,
it is to be understood that the type has not quite reached the paper but that the
finger of the operator has been removed from the key-lever connected with such
type. This condition of affairs permits of the type completing its upward stroke by
inertia, and at or about the same instant, of the escapement devices operating to
effect the letter spacing feed of the carriage, the feed commencing before and

page_text: ending after the impression. It will be observed that at the instant the finger is
removed from the key-lever, the returning spring 41 operates to oscillate the
spacing-rocker, and vibrate the detent arm 63, slightly rearwardly against its
stop 66, thus moving the shoulder 65 out of the path of vibration of the dog 15, so
as to allow it to move towards the left under the pull of the carriage driving spring,
exerted through the carriage and the feed-rack.
This initial rearward vibration of the arm 63 taking place as soon as the finger-
key is released, and while the type is moving to print by its inertia, enables the
dog 15 to be moved or started at the proper time to effect what is known as the
"reverse feed." At the time such initial vibration of the arm 63 takes place,
the pivot 49 of the dog-holder is carried rearwardly slightly by the spacing-rocker,
and when the arm 63 has come into contact with its stop 66, which is connected to
the dog-holder, the continued action of the spring 41, operates not only to return
the spacing rocker and the detent arm 63 to their first positions, but it also operates
to return the dog-holder and the dogs to their first positions, the final motion of
the parts, under the action of said spring, being about the pivots or centers of the
spacing-rocker. The rearward vibration of the spacing-rocker by the spring 41
is limited by a screw 68 in the rocker arm coming against the lower edge of the
piece of frame work 22.
In the above described operations of the machine, shown at Figures 6 to 13
inclusive, it has been supposed that the stroke was a rapid one, and that the key-
lever had been released before the type had made its impression.
I will now consider the action of said machine in a case where the writing is
slowly performed, or where the finger of the operator remains upon the key-lever at
the time and after the type has made its impression.
It has been observed, hereinbefore, that the arm 63 operates to rock the dog-
holder and carry the dog 15 into engagement with the rack upon the depression
of the key-levers, and during said movement that the dog 15 remains in the
notch or cut-away 64 and with the left hand edge against the shoulder 65.
As the dog 15 will remain in this position until the finger has been removed
from the actuating key-lever, it will thus be apparent that when the key-
lever is depressed and the pressure thereupon is continued until after the type has
reached the platen, there cannot be any feed or movement of the carriage, because
the dog 15 is held positively against the driving power of the carriage by the
shoulder or detent 65, as illustrated at Figure 12, and for this reason no blurring of
the impression can take place, even though the type be held up in contact with the
paper or the usual interposed inking ribbon.
Immediately, however, the finger is removed from the key-lever, the spring 41,
operates to cast off the detent, as hereinbefore explained, and the feed takes place
at once in the manner before described, but it commences and finishes while the
type-bar is descending. Without this detent, it will be observed that as soon as
the dog 15 is rocked over into the rack, the carriage would start to feed, and the
finger being still upon the key-lever, and the type being held up against the platen,
there would be a rubbing or blurring of the impression.
It will thus be seen that according to my present improvement, the carriage is
adapted to commence its feed slightly before the impression, when the keys are
operated rapidly, or when the finger is removed before the type strikes, to obtain
the advantages of the "reverse feed," and that the carriage is prevented from
starting to feed until after the impression has been made, if the key-lever be
operated slowly or be held down until the time the type makes its impression.
Thus, the machine without change or adjustment, is adapted equally well for the
very rapid writer, or for the very slow writer, or for any desired speed.
I will now describe more in detail the action of the pivoted overlapping dogs,
which feature relates more especially to the second part of my invention. During
the forward movement of the dog-holder, the dog 14 is rocked out of the rack, and
the dog 15 rocked into engagement therewith, but into a notch or space immediately

page_text: behind or to the right of that just occupied by the dog 14. As soon as the dog 14
leaves the rack, and the dog 15 enters the same, the driving power is free to move
the carriage a letter-space distance. The instant the dog 14 leaves the rack, the
spring 56 forces it to the right against the overlapping part of the dog 15, and the
driving spring pulls the carriage one space or notch to the left. In this movement
of the carriage the dog 15 is vibrated in the direction of the feed until arrested by
the stop arm 60. The dog 15 in this movement carries along with it to the left
the dog 14, in consequence of the overlapping of the dogs, and when the dog 15
and the carriage have come to a standstill, the dog 14 lies in the plane of the dog 15,
but outside of and in front of the rack.
When the finger key is released the spring 41 will return the rocker and the
dog-holder, to first position, and the dog 15 will be rocked out of engagement with
the rack, and the dog 14 moved into the space of the rack just vacated by the
dog 15, which latter, alone, will by its spring 30, be instantly moved to the right a
letter space distance against the cushioned stop 32, while the dog 14 is left in the
rack and against the stop 60, as indicated at Figures 6 and 7.
As explained, at the end of the carriage feed movement, the dog 15 stands in
the rack, and the dog 14 out, but in the same plane with the dog 15. By reason
of this construction, the dog 14 in returning to its initial position, on the return to
the spacing-rocker, is obliged to pass into the notch which the dog 15 leaves, and
cannot collide with it or strike against the side of a tooth, since the distanco
between the points of the dogs is less than the width of the teeth of the rack, and
the dog 14 in returning to the normal position moves into the notch partially before
the dog 15 has entirely moved out of it. Thus no matter how rapidly the machine
may be worked, the objection previously pointed out cannot occur with the new
construction or arrangement.
By pivoting the shank of the detaining dog 14, said dog vibrates to the right as
soon as it leaves the rack on the forward motion of the spacing-rocker, and takes a
position in line with the dog 15 and moves with it to the left during the feed of
the rack, and hence is always in position to pass into the proper notch and can
never strike against the side of a tooth.
Numerous changes in detail construction and arrangement may be made without
departing from the gist of my several improvements, some of which it will be
understood, may be used in machines of the wheel class, as well as in machines of
the bar or lever class.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a type-writing machine, the combination of type-bars, means for actuating
the same, a paper-carriage, means for propelling the same, and escapement devices
for the paper-carriage; the construction and arrangement being such that the
paper-carriage is released while the type-bar is moving to print, and such that
the printing is effected while the paper-carriage is in transit, substantially as
set forth.
2. In a type-writing machine, the combination of type-bars, means for actuating
the same, a paper-carriage, means for propelling the same, a feed-rack attached to
the paper-carriage, a pair of dogs mounted in the frame-work to engage said rack,
and means for vibrating said dogs, the whole being organized or timed so that the
carriage is released while the type-bar is moving to print and so that the impression
is made while the carriage is in transit; substantially as set forth.
3. In a type-writing machine, the combination of type-bars, means for actuating
the same, a paper-carriage, means for propelling the same, a feed-rack connected
to the paper-carriage, a dog-holder, means for vibrating the same, a detaining dog
engaging said rack in the normal condition of the machine, and a spring-actuated
feeding dog arranged to engage said rack as the detaining dog is withdrawn

page_text: and while one of said type-bars is moving to print, whereby the carriage is
released and in transit at the time the impression is made, substantially as
set forth.
4. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper-carriage, and a
rack, of an independently movable detaining dog, and an independently-movable
spacing-dog, the detaining-dog being arranged to travel and stop in line with
the spacing-dog during and at the cessation of the letter space movement of the
carriage, substantially as described.
5. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper-carriage, a rack,
and a vibratory dog-holder, of a vibratory spring actuated detaining-dog, and a
vibratory spring-actuated spacing-dog, each having an independent movement
towards the right and connected so that the detaining-dog must move towards the
left with the spacing dog, substantially as described.
6. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper-carriage, a rack,
and a vibratory dog-holder, of a vibratory spring-actuated detaining-dog, and a
vibratory spring-actuated spacing-dog overlapping the detaining-dog on the right
hand side, so as to carry the same in the feeding operation of the carriage,
substantially as described.
7. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper-carriage, a rack,
and a vibratory dog-holder, of a vibratory spring-actuated detaining-dog, a stop in
front thereof, an overlapping vibratory spring actuated spacing-dog and a stop
arranged in rear thereof, substantially as described.
8. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper-carriage, a rack,
and a vibratory dog-holder, of a vibratory spring-actuated detaining-dog, a stop in
front and a stop in rear thereof, an overlapping vibratory spring-actuated spacing-
dog, and a stop arranged in rear thereof, substantially as described.
9. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper-carriage, a rack,
and a vibratory dog-holder, of a vibratory spring-actuated spacing-dog connected
to move the detaining-dog towards the left, and means for limiting the vibration in
both directions of both said dogs, substantially as described.
10. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper-carriage, a rack,
and a vibratory dog-holder, of a detaining-dog pivoted on one side of said dog-
holder, of a spacing-dog pivoted on the other side of said dog-holder, and
overlapping the detaining-dog, a stop back of the spacing-dog, a stop in front of
both said dogs, and a spring for each said dog having a tension towards the right,
substantially as described.
11. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper-carriage, a rack,
and a vibratory dog-holder, of a pivoted spring-actuated detaining-dog, having a
pivotal joint and spring intermediate its ends and a pivoted spring-actuated
overlapping spacing-dog, substantially as described.
12. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper-carriage, a rack,
and a vibratory dog-holder, of a vibratory spring-actuated detaining-dog normally
in engagement with the rack, and against a front stop, and a vibratory spring-
actuated spacing-dog normally out of the rack and out of line with the detaining-
dog, and against a back stop, the construction and arrangement being such that
when the detaining-dog is rocked out of the rack the spacing-dog is rocked in,
then the detaining-dog moves at first towards the right, then the carriage feeds, the
spacing-dog and the detaining-dog travelling together in line towards the left with
the feed of the carriage, and finally both dogs stop in line and with the spacing-dog in
engagement with the rack, so that when the finger-key is released, the spacing-dog
shall rock out of the rack and the detaining-dog in and into the space just occupied
by the spacing-dog, substantially as described.
13. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the frame-work, of a
vibratory dog-holder, and an adjustable stop carried by the dog-holder, to limit the
forward movement of the dog-holder, substantially as described.
14. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a power-driven paper-
carriage, a feed-rack, and letter-spacing dogs, of a detent or stop to prevent any
B

page_text: feed of the carriage until after the finger of the operator has been removed from
the type-actuating key.
15. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a power-driven paper-
carriage, a feed rack, and letter-spacing dogs, of a rocking detent or stop
arranged to hold one of said dogs and prevent the feed of the carriage as long
as the type actuating-key is held depressed by the finger of the operator.
16. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a power-driven paper-
carriage, a rack, a feeding-dog, a detaining-dog, a vibratory dog-holder, a spring-
actuated spacing-rocker, and a detent connected to said spacing-rocker and adapted
to co-operate with the feeding-dog, substantially in the manner described.
17. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a power driven paper-
carriage, a rack, a spring-actuated spacing-rocker, a vibratory dog-holder,
pivotally connected. to said rocker, a spring-actuated detaining-dog, a spring-
actuated feeding-dog, and a detent or stop for the latter, to prevent any feed of the
carriage until the finger has been removed from the type-actuating key.
18. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a power-driven paper-
carriage, a rack, a spring-actuated spacing-rocker having an arm provided with a
detent, a vibratory dog-holder pivotally connected to said rocker and provided with
letter-spacing dogs, and a stop or abutment on the dog-holder, whereby the said
arın may vibrate the dog-holder in both directions..
19. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a power-driven paper-
carriage, a rack, a spring-actuated spacing-rocker having an arm provided with a
shoulder, and a dog-holder carrying a detaining-dog, and a feeding-dog, the latter
adapted to be engaged by said shoulder.
Dated this 9th day of August 1892.
FELL & WILDING,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., Agents for the Applicant.