IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, CALLED 'ROVING FRAMES' AND 'DOUBLING FRAMES.
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Lord, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS, CALLED 'ROVING FRAMES' AND 'DOUBLING FRAMES.'"
Sealed the 24th July 1860, and dated the 28th January 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Lord at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th January 1860.
I, JAMES LORD, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS, CALLED 'ROVING FRAMES' AND 'DOUBLING FRAMES,
as follows:'
" to be
The Invention relates principally to those machines known as "roving
frames and doubling frames," but is also applicable to other machinery wherein
two slivers, threads, or filaments of any description are or may be twisted
together and formed into one. And the Invention is designed for the purpose
of preventing what is called making "single," that is to say, that when one
"sliver" or thread breaks, the object is to prevent the remaining or unbroken
"sliver" or thread from passing onwards singly to the bobbin, or without being

page_text: intertwisted or doubled with the other. The improvement consists in breaking
or severing the unbroken sliver or thread by self-acting mechanism when one
of the slivers breaks, whereby only that particular portion of the machine alone
is stopped, without affecting the other portions of the "frame." The improved
mechanical appliance for effecting the division or severance of the "sliver"
which is whole or unbroken, consists in a pair of levers or fingers having a
bearing point at or about the centre of their length; one end of each is pro-
vided with a hook, and is slightly weighted, the opposite ends being hollowed
or V-shaped, or knife-edged, these are secured upon the frame in a convenient
position, each sliver or thread being passed beneath the hooked end, and over
the opposite end of the lever. Whilst the "slivers" or threads remain united
or whole, their tension maintains the balance of the levers, but if one is
accidentally divided the weighted end of the lever falls, and the rising of the
opposite end breaks the remaining "sliver" or thread, or filament, and
prevents only the one being wound "singly" on to the bobbin, whereby much
waste is avoided, and a more perfect "roving" or "doubled" yarn is
obtained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Lord in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th July 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
LORD, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Lord, Her special license that I, the said James Lord,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
James Lord, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, CALLED 'ROVING FRAMES' AND 'DOUBLING
FRAMES," " upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said James

page_text: Lord, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Lord, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol--
lowing statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
The Invention relates principally to those machines known as "roving
frames," and "doubling frames," but is also applicable to other machinery
wherein two slivers, threads, or filaments of any description are or may be twisted
together and formed into one, and the Invention is designed for the purpose of pre-
venting what is called making " single," that is to say, that when one "sliver" or
thread breaks, the object is to prevent the remaining or unbroken " sliver" from
passing onwards singly to the bobbin, or without being intertwisted or doubled
with the other. The improvement consists in breaking or severing the un-
broken sliver or thread by self-acting mechanism, when one of the "slivers"
breaks, whereby only that particular portion of the machine alone is stopped
without affecting the other portions of the "frame." The improved mechan-
ical appliance for effecting the division or severance of the "sliver" which is
whole or unbroken, consists in a pair of levers or fingers having a bearing
point at or about the centre of their length; one end of each is provided
with an eye or hook, and is slightly weighted, the opposite ends being hollowed
or V-shaped, or knife or serrated-edged, these are secured upon the frame in
a convenient position, each "sliver" or thread being passed through an eye,
or beneath the hooked end and over the opposite eye. Whilst the "slivers"
or threads remain united or whole, their tension maintains the balance of the
levers, but if one is accidentally divided the weighted end of the lever falls,
and the rising of the opposite end breaks the remaining "sliver," thread, or
filament, and prevents only the one being wound "singly" on to the bobbin,
whereby much waste is avoided and a more perfect "roving" or doubled yarn
is obtained.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made upon a scale of about
two and a half inches to a foot, and having similar letters of reference marked
upon corresponding points of the apparatus.
Fig. 1 represents a sectional end view of the apparatus before mentioned for
severing the unbroken threads; Fig. 2 shewing the serrated edge of the levers;:

page_text: Fig. 3 represents a front view, and Fig. 4 an end section of a slight modifica-
tion of the above, which, from experience, has been found more advantageous,
by which the entire frame is stopped by the breaking or disunion of one thread
or "sliver."
In Fig. 1, a, a, are the levers, having an eye at one end through which the
sliver, shewn in red, passes, the tension of which holds the said levers in the
position of a', each pair having a lever between them, one end of which is
curved upwards in front of the rollers, the other end having a slight tendency
upwards, so as to cause the pin which projects from each side to bear against
the levers a¹, so that in the event of one sliver breaking, the corresponding
lever being no longer held up, bears with its whole weight on the pin in lever b,
and falling into the position of a causes the opposite curved end of the lever b
to come into contact with the remaining sliver, and to break it by means of its
teeth, shewn in Fig. 2. It is obvious that the lever b may be dispensed with, if
preferred, and the lever a¹ be so formed as to break the remaining "sliver," the
action being the same in both cases. In Fig. 3, a, a, are the levers, main-
tained in the position shewn by the sliver (shewn in red), and b, b, are the
levers, the pins in which the levers a, a, fall upon when a thread or sliver
breaks and ceases to support them. c, c, is a friction bar or rail through
which the looped ends of the levers project, and over which the slivers or
threads pass.
d, d, is a rocking shaft, upon which are secured the short bars
e, e, which also partake of a rocking or vibratory motion imparted to the
rocking shaft by means of the toothed wheels f,f, and crank g, which is con-
nected with the said shaft by means of the friction clutch-box h and spring i.
k is a bell-cranked lever for lifting the finger l, supporting the lever m, which
acts upon the strap fork through the rod n. The operation of stopping the
frame when a sliver or thread breaks is thus:-The lever a being no longer
supported by the sliver, falls upon the stud in the lever b, and causes the
hooked end thereof to fall over the short vibrating or rocking bar e, and so
prevent its moving. This causes one part of the friction clutch-box h to leave
the other, compressing the spring i, and forcing back the vertical end of the
lever k, causing the opposite end to lift the finger or prop 1, and thus release
the weighted lever m, which falling forward moves the rod n, and throws the
driving strap on to the loose pulley and stops the machine.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, with the method of
performing the same, I would remark in conclusion, that I claim,-
First, the novel and peculiar arrangement or construction of mechanism, or
mechanical appliances, for the purpose of severing the unbroken thread or
sliver when one breaks.

page_text: And secondly, the arrangement of mechanism for effecting the stoppage of
the whole frame when one of the slivers or threads break, being a modification
of the first-mentioned appliance; the whole of which is herein-before described,
set forth, and fully explained in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Lord, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
JAMES LORD. (L.S.)