Improvements in Machines for Making Cakes, Biscuits, and the like.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 20th July, 1893-Accepted, 2nd Sept., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Making Cakes, Biscuits, and
the like.
I, PEMBROKE DECATOR HARTON, a citizen of the United States, residing at
No. 1835 Ridgway Terrace, in the City of Philadelphia, in the County of Phila-
delphia, and State of Pennsylvania, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN CAKE MACHINES, and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The principal objects of my invention are first, to provide a durable, efficient
and comparatively inexpensive machine for shaping or moulding a plastic mass into
cakes, crackers and the like and depositing the same in or
on pans or other
receptacles; second, to provide comparatively simple, positive and reliable means
for feeding the plastic material into the inachine; third, to provide compact
mechanism for operating the moving parts of the machine with a positive motion ;
fourth, to provide means for adjusting the feed, while the machine is in operation ;
and fifth, to provide comparatively simple mechanism for feeding the pans or
receptacles for the moulded plastic mass with a differential motion.
My invention consists of a cake-machine, comprising a feed-roller provided with
pivotal paddles or deliverers having lugs adapted to collide with a projection near
the mouth of a supply chamber or hopper to cause the paddles or deliverers to
assume an open position for receiving and conveying plastic material therefrom and
to be maintained in an open position in the range of the mouth thereof and to a
rib, bar or arch located in the lower part of the casing of the feed-roller for rocking
the paddles or deliverers into closed position during the discharge tangentially of
the plastic material through a throat or outlet into a reservoir, a plunger for con-
trolling the passage of the plastic material from the reservoir through openings,
moulds or dies in the base thereof, an endless conveyer and movable table for
presenting pans or other receptacles for the reception of moulded plastic material,
and mechanism for operating the feed roller, plunger, endless conveyer and table.
My invention further consists of a cake-machine provided with a feed-roller
having a ratchet-wheel, a positively driven shaft, a rocker-arm operated by said
shaft, links pivoted at one of their extremities to the free end of the rocker-arm
and provided at their other extremities with pawls operating alternately on opposite
sides of the ratchet-wheel, and means for shifting the pivot of the links in respect
to the fulcrum of the rocker-arm.
My invention further consists of a cake-machine provided with an endless
conveyer for pans and other receptacles, and positively driven pawl-and-ratchet
connections for imparting a differential motion to said conveyer, whereby the pans
are fed slowly while receiving the moulded material and rapidly to and away
the machine; and
from
My invention further consists of the improvements in cake-machines hereinafter
described and claimed.
The nature, general features and scope of my invention will be more fully
understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying
drawings forming part hereof; and in which
Figure 1, is a view partly in side elevation and partly in section of a cake-
machine, embodying features of my invention.
Figure 2, is a perspective view of the feed-roller.
Figure 3, is an end view partly in section on the line 3-3, of Fig. 1.
Figure 4, is a detail view of the rocker-arm that serves to impart motion to the
pawls that drive the feed-roller; and

page_text: Fig. 5, is a view illustrating a modified form of mechanism for operating the
rocker-arm.
In the drawings a, is the main-frame of the machine and a', the standards thereof.
b, is an open top housing mounted upon the main-frame a, and provided with a
supply chamber or hopper, a reservoir 2, and a cylindrical casing ³, interposed
between and in communication with the mouth of the supply chamber or hopper,
and the outlet or throat 16, of the reservoir . C, is a feed-roller provided at its
heads or ends with flanges c', and revolubly supported in the casing &³, for a purpose
to be presently fully described. c², are paddles or deliverers pivotally attached at
or near their inner edges by means of pintles c³, as illustrated in Fig. 2, to the
heads or ends c', of the feed-roller, so that the paddles or deliverers c², may be
rocked in respect to the face of the feed-roller c. Each paddle or deliverer c², is
provided with a lug or pin c, adapted to travel in a slot, formed in and extending
nearly two-thirds of the entire circumference of the interior wall of the cylindrical
casing, and adapted to collide with a projection 5, located near the mouth of the
supply chamber or hopper b', in order to rock it into open position for receiving
and conveying plastic material around the annular or cylindrical space 68, to the
left of the cylindrical casing 63, as illustrated in Fig. 1. At or near the mouth of
the supply chamber or hopper 6', is provided an arch or device, adapted to
control the extent of movement of the pivotal paddles or deliverers c³, in respect to
the range or length thereof and to prevent them after the deposited material has
been brought into contact therewith and the paddles thrown open, from assuming a
reverse or closed position in their travel to the left until the material has been
thrown off tangentially through the throat 66, into the reservoir 62, when the paddles
again contact with a similar arch or device 610, beneath the feed-roller c, and the
paddles or deliverers again assume a closed position in their travel to the right in
the cylindrical casing 63, as illustrated in Fig. 1. The space between the feed-
roller and the casing to the left in its travel therein, is such as that the paddles or
deliverers are always maintained in an open position so as to convey the deposited
material therethrough and discharge the same tangentially through the throat be,
into the reservoir 62, while the distance between the feed-roller and the casing to
the right is such as that the paddles will be maintained in a closed position in
contact with the periphery. Hitherto it has been suggested to employ a feed-drum
having wings connected in pairs and afforded a range of play in radially disposed
slots therein but in practice the plastic material engaged owing to its nature
between such wings and the walls of the radially disposed slots and thus became
wedged in the former in such manner as that they were prevented from moving or
performing their functions, whereby the feed-drum was rendered inoperative and
useless. The hereinabove described paddles or deliverers in effect are hinged to
the fare of the feed-roller c, and consequently cannot become wedged by the
plastic material in any such manner as above explained, and in practice they have
proven most satisfactory. d, are plungers penetrating the top wall of the
reservoir 62, and adapted to control the passage of the plastic material from the
reservoir 6, through openings, moulds or dies ", in the bottom wall thereof.
In the present instance these dies, moulds or openings 6", are provided with
flanges 61, cut or otherwise formed in a plate detachably connected with the
base or wall of the reservoir by means of bolts 613, so that the plate may be
removed and replaced by another plate having differently shaped dies, moulds.or
openings. e, is an endless conveyer guided by means of sprocket-wheels e¹ and e²,
journaled to the main-frame a, and provided with vertical pins e³, adapted to
engage eyes attached to pans or other receptacles. f, is a table afforded
a range of vertical movement in ways in the main-frame a, and adapted to
lift the upper side of the endless conveyer in order to bring the pans
or other receptacles into range of the depending flanges 61, of the openings or
moulds, g, is a main-shaft positively driven through the instrumentality of
gear-wheels and g², by a driving shaft h, having tight and loose pulleys and 2,
to which power is applied. i, is a rocker-arm centrally pivoted to the main-

page_text: a,
frame and having one of its extremities provided with ways ¹, for the accommoda-
tion of a block journaled to a crank-pin projecting from a disc ², keyed or
otherwise secured to the main-shaft g, and located outside of the main-frame a.
However, if preferred the ways, and their complemental pivot block may be
dispensed with. In such case the end of the rocker-arm i, is connected with the
crank-pin of the disc, by means of a connecting-rod as shown in Fig. 5. The
free end of this rocker-arm i, is also provided with ways for the accommodation of
a block 3, to which the lower extremities of the links or bars, and, are
pivotally attached. The upper extremities of these links or bars are provided with
pawls and 7, operating alternately upon the teeth of a ratchet-wheel, keyed to
the axis of the feed-roller c, in order to effect the rotation of the latter. s, are
pivotal arms journaled at one of their extremities to the axis of the feed-roller c,
and connected at their opposite extremities with the bars or links and ³, in order
to prevent accidental displacement of and to guide the latter. 10, is a set-screw
provided with a hand wheel and adapted to afford means for adjusting the block i³,
in respect to the fulcrum of the rocker-arm, whereby the throw of the pawls 2"
and, may be adjusted, while the machine is in operation, in order to increase or
diminish the velocity of movement of the feed-roller c, and consequently the feed of
the plastic material. j, are cams or eccentrics keyed or otherwise secured to the
shaft 9 and provided with faces j', engaging rollers f, depending from the table f
and with grooves j³, engaging rollers attached to the lower ends of the rods d', having
their upper ends attached to a bar d², penetrating eyes projecting upwards from
the plungers d, so that the cams or eccentrics operate first to lift the table f, and
depress the plungers d, and then depress the table, and lift the plungers d. The
sprocket-wheel el, is provided with a ratchet-wheel e, and with a pivotal-arm e,
having a pawl e, adapted to mesh with the ratchet-wheel e¹. This arm e³, is
rocked or oscillated by means of a link having its respective extremities connected
with posts afforded a range of adjustment in radial slots in the arm e, and gear-
wheel g², whereby the throw of the link, and consequently the range of movement
of the pawle, and speed of the endless conveyer may be increased or diminished..
The pawl, and ratchet-wheel e, serve to drive the endless conveyer e, at a com-
paratively low rate of speed. k, is an arm pivotally mounted on the axis of the
sprocket-wheel e', and provided with a pawl ki, adapted to mesh with a single space
cut or otherwise formed in a ratchet-wheel 2. 3, is a link connected at its respective
extremities with posts afforded a range of adjustment in radially disposed slots
cut or otherwise formed in the arm k, and gear-wheel g', in order to permit of the
regulation of the throw of the pawl k', and consequently of the travel of the endless
conveyer e. The pawl ', and ratchet-wheel k², serve to drive the conveyer e, for
a distance corresponding to the length of the pan or receptacle at a comparatively
high rate of speed, whereby the pans or receptacles are brought rapidly beneath
the die or openings, in order to receive the moulded material, and are also
rapidly withdrawn therefrom after being filled. In this connection it may be
remarked, that while the pans are being filled they are fed slowly by means of the
pawl e, in order to cause the deposits of moulded material to be distributed evenly
upon and throughout the pan or receptacle, so that a differential motion is imparted
to the pans or other receptacles by means of the pawls and e, and their
accessories.
The mode of operation of the hereinbefore described cake-machine, is as
follows:-
Plastic material, as dough or similar material, is deposited in the supply chamber
or hopper &, and is conducted around the left hand side of the feed-roller c, by
means of the paddles c², which for this purpose are rocked into open position by
means of the pins and projection 6, and which are subsequently rocked into
closed position by means of the rib or arch 10, upon and during the discharge tan-
gentially of the plastic material through the outlet or throat 6, into the reservoir b².
The pawls and 7, serve to rotate the feed-roller c, and the speed of the latter
and consequently the rate at which the plastic material is fed into the reservoir b³,

page_text: may be increased or diminished by means of the set-screw 110, while the machine is in
operation, as has been hereinbefore explained. The endless conveyer e, moving
rapidly under the influence of the pawl k', causes a pan or other receptacle to be
brought beneath the moulds, dies or openings 6, whereupon the cams j, first lift
the table, and depress the plungers d, and then lift the plungers d, and depress the
table. During the elevation of the table and the depression of the plungers,
the latter cause the plastic material to be compressed in the reservoir 63, with the
result that it is forced through the openings or dies 1, in its required moulded
state and deposited upon the pan or other receptacle. As the pan is descending
the plungers ascend, thus relieving the pressure against the plastic material in the
reservoir 62, so that the flow thereof through the openings or dies 61, is checked. The
pan is then fed slowly forward by the pawl e6, until the previously deposited material is
removed from beneath the openings or dies 6", whereupon the hereinabove
explained operation is repeated and the moulded plastic material is deposited upon
the remaining portions of the pan or other receptacle. As soon as the pan or
receptacle for the said moulded material is filled, it is fed rapidly by the pawl k',
towards the right hand end of the machine, and may then be removed to bake or
otherwise treat the plastic material deposited thereon.
Having thus particularly ascertained the nature and objects of my invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a cake-machine, a feed-roller provided with pivotal paddles or deliverers
having lugs contacting with means connected with the cylindrical casing and adapted
to rock the paddles or deliverers into open position and to maintain the same in
such position during the reception and conveyance of the plastic material, a rib,
bar or arch for rocking the paddles or deliverers into closed position upon or during
the throwing off tangentially of the plastic material into a reservoir, and means,
substantially as described, for operating the feed-roller, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
2. In a cake-machine, a rotating feed-roller having flanged heads, paddles
provided near their edges with pintles journaled to said flanges and with lugs and
a casing provided with means for engaging said pins and with bars or ribs in range
of said paddles, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
3. A cake-machine provided with a feed-roller having a ratchet-wheel, a
positively driven shaft, à rocker-arm actuated by said shaft, links pivoted at one of
their extremities to the free end of the rocker-arm and provided at their other
extremities with pawls operating alternately on opposite sides of the ratchet-wheel,
and means for shifting the pivot of the links in respect to the fulcrum of the rocker-
arm, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
4. In a cake-machine, a feed-roller having a ratchet-wheel, links provided with
pawls meshing with said ratchet-wheel, a rocker-arm for operating said links, and a
hand-wheel and set-screw for shifting the pivot of the links in respect to the
fulcrum of the rocker-arm, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
5. In a cake-machine, a feed-roller having a ratchet-wheel, a rocker-arm provided
with a movable-block, a hand-wheel and set-screw for shifting said block, and links
pivoted to said block and provided with pawls meshing with said ratchet-wheel,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
6. In a cake-machine, a conveyer for feeding pans and other receptacles, a main-
shaft and a driving-shaft geared together, a link and pawl-and-ratchet connections
operated by the main-shaft and adapted to drive the conveyer and feed the pans or
receptacles slowly for the reception of moulded material, a link and pawl-and-
ratchet connections operated by the driving-shaft and adapted to drive the
conveyer and feed the pans and receptacles rapidly to and from the machine,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
7. In a cake-machine, a conveyer for pans and other receptacles, a main-shaft
and a driving-shaft geared together, a link and pawl-and-ratchet connections
operated by the main-shaft and adapted to drive the conveyer and feed each pan

page_text: slowly for the reception of moulded material, a pawl carried by an arm and adapted
to mesh with a ratchet-wheel having a single space and adapted to drive the
conveyer, and a link operated by a crank on the driving shaft and adapted to
operate said arm to feed the pans rapidly to and from the machine, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
8. A cake-machine, comprising a feed-roller provided with pivotal paddles
having lugs, a cylindrical casing provided with a projection and a rib for rocking
said paddles, a hopper, plungers penetrating the wall of said hopper having
openings or moulds in the base thereof, a conveyer, a inovable-table, a driving-
shaft provided with double cams engaging rollers depending from the table and
rods depending from a yoke attached to the plungers, and means for operating the
feed-roller and conveyer, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
9. A cake-machine, comprising a feed-roller provided with pivotal paddles
having lugs, a cylindrical casing provided with a projection and a rib or arch for
rocking and maintaining said paddles in the required position, a hopper, plungers
penetrating the wall of said hopper having openings, dies or moulds in the base
thereof, a conveyer, a movable table, a driving-shaft provided with double-cams
engaging rollers depending from the table and rods depending from a yoke attached
to the plungers, differential pawl-and-ratchet gear for feeding the conveyer, a
rocker-arm adapted to operate links provided with pawls meshing with a ratchet-
wheel on the feed-roller, and a hand-wheel and set-screw for adjusting the pivot of
said links in respect to the fulcrum of the rocker-arm, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
10. The combination, in a cake-machine, of a rotatable feed-roller having
peripheral paddles or deliverers provided with lugs journaled to end flanges thereof
and mounted in a casing provided with a hopper and having a tapering throat or
outlet at a corner thereof and connected with a reservoir provided with plungers
and dies, moulds or openings in the base thereof, an endless conveyer, a vertically
movable table and mechanism for actuating said feed-roller, plunger and table so
as to feed first slowly and then rapidly, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
11. The combination, in a cake-machine, of a rotatable feed-roller journaled in
a partially recessed casing provided with an open top hopper, a contracted throat
and communicating reservoir, arched ribs or projections in said casing, paddles or
deliverers journaled to said roller and provided with lugs, plungers in said reservoir
provided with openings, dies or moulds in the base thereof, a conveyer and movable
table, and mechanism, substantially as described, for intermittently and successively
actuating said feed-roller, table and plungers, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
12. In a cake-machine, a rotatable feed-roller mounted in a partially recessed
casing and provided with peripheral pivotal paddles or deliverers with lugs and
means for causing said paddles or deliverers to assume and be maintained
respectivly in open and closed positions, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
13. The combination, in a cake-machine, of a rotatable feed-roller mounted in a
casing provided with a hopper and with a contracted throat connected with a
reservoir provided with plungers and dies, moulds or openings in the base thereof,
guides located at different points of said casing, paddles pivotally connected with
the surface of said roller and provided with pins or lugs adapted to contact with
said guides to control the position of said paddles in their movement in said casing,
a conveyer, a vertically movable table, and means for actuating said roller, conveyer
and plunger and to feed said table first slowly and then rapidly, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
14. In a cake-machine, a casing provided with a hopper and a reservoir provided
with plungers and dies, moulds or openings, a feed-roller mounted in said casing
and provided with pivotally supported peripheral paddles, guides for controlling
the position thereof, and means for actuating said roller and plunger for discharging

page_text: material into said reservoir from said hopper and depositing the moulded material
from the reservoir, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
15. A cake-machine, comprising a feed-roller provided with peripheral paddles,
means for controlling the same in the travel thereof, a reservoir disposed adjacent
thereto and directly connected with the housing or casing for said feed-roller and
provided with plungers and dies, moulds or openings, a movable-table, an endless
conveyer for pans or receptacles operating independently of said table and mechanism,
substantially as described, for operating the plungers, rotating the feed-roller,
raising the table and feeding the pans or receptacles of the conveyer with a
differential motion, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
16. A cake-machine provided with a feed-roller having pivotal paddles, means
for controlling the positions thereof, plungers for depositing plastic material in
moulded form, a pan conveyer and movable table, and mechanism, substantially as
described, for actuating said appliances or devices and for adjusting the feed while
the machine is in motion, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
17. A cake-machine, comprising a rotatable feed-roller provided with peripheral
paddles pivoted thereto and adapted to convey a plastic material to a reservoir
having plungers and dies, moulds or openings, a pan conveyer and movable table
and means for actuating said appliances or devices of the machine with a positive
motion and for adjusting the feed while said appliances or devices are in action,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
18. In a cake-machine, a rotatable feed-roller having peripheral movable paddles
or deliverers mounted in a housing and provided with an open top hopper, a con-
tracted throat or outlet and a reservoir provided with plungers movable in the top
and dies, moulds or openings in the bottom thereof, a shaft provided with cams,
rods connected with said cams and plungers, and means for actuating said shaft,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
19. In a cake-machine, a rotatable feed-roller having paddles pivoted to the ends
thereof and mounted in a housing provided with an open top hopper, a reservoir
provided with plungers and dies, moulds or openings connected with said housing
by means of a contracted throat or outlet, a shaft provided with cams, levers or
rods connected with said plungers and engaging said cams, a movable table, an
endless conveyer actuated by means independently of said table, and means for
actuating said levers or rods, conveyer and table at different rates of speed, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 10th day of June 1893.
PEMBROKE DECATOR HARTON.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.