CERTAIN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR PURIFYING AND COOLING LIQUIDS, AND FOR PURIFYING, CONDENSING, AND COOLING GASES
Year: 1848

page_text: LILLIE, Manenester,
County or Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-first day of
September last, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Joseph Lillie, my exors, adññors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, that I, the said Joseph Lillie, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such
others as
I, the said Joseph Lillie, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR
PURIFYING AND COOLING LIQUIDS, AND FOR PURIFYING, CONDENSING, AND COOLING
GASES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me,
the said Joseph Lillie, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery aforesaid within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same Letters Patent, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Lillic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention to consist,-

page_text: First, in the adaptation and arrangement of certain revolving machinery or
apparatus, whereby the centrifugal force of revolving bodies is made available
for distributing a mass of liquid in minute particles to the influence of the
atmosphere, or to an artificial current of air or other
gaseous matter.
Secondly, in the adaptation and arrangement of certain machinery or
apparatus, whereby a mass of liquid may, by means of pressure, be distributed
as a shower, or in a divided state, and thus exposed to the influence of the
atmosphere, or to an artificial current of air or other gaseous matter.
Thirdly, in purifying, condensing, and cooling gases by subjecting them to
the influence of a shower of water, or other fluid, the said shower being pro-
duced by my new-invented machinery or apparatus above referred to.
Fourthly, in the adaptation and arrangement of certain apparatus, whereby
the partial vacuum caused by a hollow pipe revolving in water, or other liquid
is made available for introducing a current of air or other gaseous matter into
the liquid in which the said apparatus revolves.
And, lastly, the combination of the first-mentioned revolving machinery, in
which centrifugal force is made available for distributing a mass of liquid in
minute particles with the revolving apparatus herein fourthly before mentioned
for producing a current of air or other, gaseous matter.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I shall now proceed to
describe the manner in which the said Invention may be carried into effect;
and in order that it may be fully understood, I will refer to the three Sheets
of Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In Sheet 1, Figure 1 shows an elevation partly in section of machinery or
apparatus for cooling liquids in the process of brewing, and other processes.
In this view the pipe a provided with a stopcock 6, is supposed to bring the
boiling wort or decoction of malt and hops, or other hot liquid to the revolving
bowl or distributor c, which is pierced through with any suitable number of
small holes or slots, and may be made of wire or other material, and is fixed
to a vertical shaft & supported above in the bearing e, and below in the foot-
step f. The pulley 9 is fast on the shaft d, and is turned round by a strap i
driven by a steam engine or any other motive power. The pulley k is loose
on the said shaft. The bearing e is bolted to a beam h represented in section;
and the footstep f is fixed to the floor of the receiver l. When everything is
in readiness for putting the machinery or apparatus in operation, the strap i is
brought on the fast pulley 9, and the stopcock 6 is opened to allow the hot
liquid to flow into the bowl or distributor c. The centrifugal force imparted

page_text: .
to the liquid will cause it to creep up the side of the bowl, and to escape
through the beforc-mentioned small holes, from which it descends in minute
particles, or in the form of rain, as shewn by the dotted blue lines in the
Drawing. The upper part of the bowl or distributor is bent inwards to
prevent the escape of the liquid over the top. The distance from the bowl c
to the floor of the receiver, the speed at which it revolves, as well as the size
of the holes in the periphery of the bowl, must be determined by the quantity
of liquid to be operated upon, and by the size of the building in which the
apparatus is erected. It has been found by experiments that when the bowl
or distributor revolves at a speed of about 400 revolutions per minute, and the
liquid has a vertical fall of about eight feet, and a plentiful supply of fresh air,
the temperature of the liquid supplied by the pipe a is reduced from the boiling
point to a temperature very little exceeding that of the atmosphere by the
time it arrives in the receiver 7. In some instances it may be found advan-
tageous to perforate with small holes the bottom of the receiver l, and allow
the liquid to drop through into the lower receiver m, which can be kept free
from steam and cooler than the upper receiver . When the receiver m.is not
made use of, I propose to divide the floor of the receiver into various com-
partments, by placing annular partitions on the said floor, as shewn by the red
lines in Figure 1; and the liquid retained in each compartment may be drawn
off separately if found desirable, by having a pipe in connection with each
division. The bottom of the receiver 7 may also be made to incline towards
the centre, as seen in Figure 3 of Sheet 2. And all the liquid that has passed
through the above-described machinery or apparatus may be passed in like
manner through a second apparatus, or even a third, as may be found con-
venient or desirable. These bowls or distributors may be attached to the
same shaft or to separate shafts, to suit the convenience of the maker. The
shaft & may be provided near its lower extremity with a set of arms, to which
vanes or wings are attached for the purpose of increasing the current of air
passing through the descending particles of liquid; and when such vanes or
wings are used they can be supplied with fresh air by means of a large pipe
in connection with the atmosphere, or otherwise, as may be found most con-
venient in practice. The steam, vapour, or fumes from the hot liquid may be
drawn upwards through the inverted funnel n and pipe o by the action of a
fan p, and either condensed by suitable means or expelled as waste, as is well
understood.
Another method of distributing liquid in minute particles, or in a divided
state, by means of centrifugal force, is by an Archimedean screw or other
pump in a cistern or cooler of the ordinary construction, containing the liquid
to be operated upon with the perforated bowl or distributor affixed to the top

page_text: of such screw or other pump, a revolving motion being given to this apparatus,
the liquid may be raised up and distributed over and over again as long as is
found requisite to reduce the temperature of the liquid to the required
degree.
Figure 2 on Sheet 1 represents in section a modification of the distributor
or bowl, in passing through which the wort or other liquid containing ex-
traneous matter would in a great measure be purified from such extraneous
matter. In this view the large bowl or distributor z is keyed on the shaft y,
and so is the upper pulley x. The smaller bowl or distributor w is fixed on
the bush v, at the upper extremity of which is fixed the pulley u. These
pulleys and are driven round by straps from the main gearing, and cause
the bowls or distributors to revolve at varying or equal speeds in the same or
opposite directions; and the holes which are pierced through the bowls may
be of the same or different sizes; but I prefer the latter, the smaller bowl
being provided with larger holes, so as to give easier egress to the liquid
supplied by the pipe t. The benefit to be derived by causing the liquid to
pass through the two bowls z and w is, that the impurities contained in the
liquid are more likely to be retained in the bowls than when only one is made
use of, and, consequently, the liquid which falls into the cistern or receiver will
be more purified in passing through the machine or apparatus.
In Sheet 2, Figure 3 represents an apparatus for cooling liquids, in which
the bowl or distributor A remains in a state of rest; and the liquid to be
cooled is supplied from the receptacle B by means of the pipe D. The
vertical height from the bowl A to the receptacle B being sufficient to cause
the liquid to spirt out through the openings in the distributor A, and to fall in
minute particles into the receiver C. This arrangement of parts will be found
particularly applicable in those establishments where the boilers or heating
apparatus are placed on a higher level than the coolers; but the action on the
liquid would in this case be less beneficial than when centrifugal force is
employed for producing the jet. The shape of the perforated distributor will
in most cases be found preferable when circular; but it may also be made
octagonal, or any other shape. Although I have shewn the cisterns or re-
ceivers into which the falling particles of the cooled liquid are collected, as being
made of wood, I also propose to make them of a double casing of metal; and
I intend to fill the space between the casings with water, which can be kept in
circulation by having a supply of water flowing through the sides and bottom
of the receivers. The method of constructing such receivers, and of keeping
the water in circulation, will vary according to the particular object for which
the apparatus is employed.
Fig. 4 represents an elevation partly in section of an apparatus applicable

page_text: of
to the purifying, condensing, and cooling of gas for illumination. Fig. 5 is a
plan view in section of the same. In this apparatus the cylinder H is mado
any suitable diameter and height, being closed above by the lid I and below
by the bottom K. The gas to be operated upon is brought into the lower
part of the cylinder H by the main pipe L, and rises up through the plate M,
which is pierced through with a great number of small holes. O is the
revolving bowl or distributor, which in this instance is supplied through the
hollow spindle T with a solution of lime and water, or any other liquid that
may be found suitable, by means of the pipe P, and causes the said solution to
form a dense shower of small drops, through which the gas rises before it can
make its escape through the pipe Q into the gasometer. The bowl or distri-
butor O is turned by means of a shaft driving the pulley R, as shewn in the
Drawing, or the solution may be supplied under a sufficient pressure, to distri-
bute it in the interior of the cylinder H without turning the bowl round. In
this case the pulley R would be dispensed with, and the supply pipe P would
be bolted on the lid I. The cross stay S supports a footstep for the lower
part of the bowl or distributor O, but it is only required when the same is
made to revolve. As the gas rises through the shower of lime and water, it
is divested of a great proportion of its ammoniacal vapours, sulphuretted
hydrogen, and carbonic acid, which are condensed and carried away with the
purifying solution by the small pipe U placed at a lower level than the top of
the pipe L. It is necessary to observe, that the centre part of the plate M
must not be perforated with holes for a space equal to rather more than the
diameter of the pipe L, so as to prevent the purifying solution from falling
into the orifice of the said pipe. If it is found requisite to pass the gas
through more than one shower of the purifying solution, two or more of the
cylinders H may be placed in succession, and the gas brought from one to the
other by the pipes L and Q, as shewn in the Figure 6. The cylinder H may
also be made higher or larger, so as to admit of two or more bowls or distri-
butors O being placed on the same level, or one above the other. The solu-
tions employed for the purposes above described may be used as often as is
found desirable, or until they have absorbed a sufficiency of the deleterious
matters in gases to render them of value as an article of commerce.
In Sheet 3, Fig. 7 represents an elevation partly in section of an apparatus
by means of which a current of air or other gaseous matter is introduced into
and intimately mixed with water or other liquid contained in a cistern, this
apparatus being particularly applicable to the collection and absorption of
chlorine and other gases.
Fig. 8 is a plan view of part of the above-mentioned apparatus. In these

page_text: views a is the cistern containing the water or other liquid through which the
gases under operation have to pass before they escape to the flue b; c is a
pipe for conducting the gases into the apparatus; d is a vertical tube, which is
open above and in communication with the pipe c by a stuffing box e. The lower
part of the tube is closed, and has a footstep working in a bearing attached to
the bottom of the cistern. The upper part of the tube works in a bearing
fixed to the lid of the cistern, and is provided with a driving pulley f, by
means of which the necessary revolving motion is given to the tube d. The
branch pipes g are bolted to flanges cast near the lower end of the tube d; and
they are bent slightly round in opposite directions, as seen in the plan view,
Fig. 8, so that when the apparatus is made to revolve in the direction shown
by the arrow, the gas or air under operation is drawn from the pipe c through
the tubed and the pipes g, and has thus free egress into the liquid. When
the above-described apparatus is set in motion the pipes g will cause a partial
vacuum to be formed in the liquid, and the air or gas in the pipe c will
descend through the tube d and branch pipes g to fill up the vacuum thus
formed, consequently, as the apparatus continues to revolve, a current of air
or gas
will be established in the direction of the arrows shown in Fig. 7, and
the air or other gaseous matter under operation will be purified, condensed, or
cooled by the water or other liquid in the cistern a.
In Fig. 9 is represented an apparatus combining the advantages of the
apparatus described with reference to Fig. 1 of Sheet 1, and those of the
apparatus described with reference to Figs. 7 and 8. Fig. 10 is a plan view
of part of the apparatus shown in Fig. 9; m is the revolving bowl or distri-
butor fixed on an upright tube n, near the lower extremity of which are bolted
the branch pipes o. The tube n works below in a footstep attached to the
floor of the cistern, and above in a bearing g fixed to the cross beam p; sis
the driving pulley, by means of which a revolving motion is given to the bowl
or distributor m, and to the branch pipes o. The liquid to be operated upon
is supplied by the pipe r; and it will be obvious that when the apparatus is
set in motion, the air or other gaseous matter which descends through the
tuben will be given out by the branch pipes o, and will impinge against the
descending shower of the liquid thrown off by the bowl or distributor m,
thereby accelerating the process of cooling, when the apparatus is employed
for that purpose, and mixing the air or other gaseous matter with the
descending liquid when the apparatus is required for certain chemical pro-
cesses. If it should be found more convenient in practice, the air or other
from under the
gaseous matter may be introduced into the branch pipes
floor of the cistern in which the liquid is received by continuing the tube n

page_text: through a stuffing box, which might be fixed in such floor. When the air or
other gaseous matter is introduced from under the floor of the cistern, the
upper part of the tub n above the pipes o may be solid or closed in any
other way.
The above descriptions will be sufficient to explain the application of my
Invention to the purifying and cooling of wort or other liquids, and the
purifying, condensing, and cooling of gases; but the machinery and apparatus
above described will be applicable to various other purposes in which liquids
are required to be exposed to the atmosphere, or to a current of air and other
gascous matter, or in which gases are required to be subjected to liquids.
The requisite modifications in the details of the machinery and apparatus
above described for such applications will be at once obvious to all persons
conversant with the particular processes in which my Invention is to be
employed.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be carried into effect, I declare that I claim as of my
Invention,-
First, a revolving bowl or vessel pierced with small holes, through which
the liquid to be cooled is impelled by centrifugal force, and thereby distributed
in small particles or jets, as above described.
Secondly, I claim the combination of apparatus described by reference to
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet I., whereby the liquid distributed in a divided state
may be subjected to an artificial current of atmospheric air, or other gaseous
matter.
Thirdly, I claim the arrangements shown in Figure 3, Sheet II., for
subjecting liquid in a divided state by pressure to the atmosphere, or an arti-
ficial current of atmospheric air, or other gaseous matter, as described in
reference to the Figures 1 and 2, Sheet I.
Fourthly, I claim the arrangements herein-before shewn and described with
reference to Figures 4, 5, and 6 on Sheet II., for purifying, condensing, and
cooling gases.
•
And lastly, I claim the machinery or apparatus herein-before shewn and
described with reference to Figures 7 and 8 on Sheet 3, for producing a
current of air or of other gaseous matter, as herein-before described, whether
used alone or in combination with my centrifugal distributo, as shewn with
reference to Figures 9 and 10 on the same Sheet.
And such my Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and belief,
entirely new, and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion

page_text: of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my
Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said Specifi-
cation doth comply in all respects, fully and without reserve or disguise, with
the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained.
Wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to the
said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Lillie, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
JOSEPH (L.S.) LILLIE.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventeenth day of March, in
the year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid Joseph Lillie came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
Enrolled the Twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.