Improvements in the Production or Manufacture of Certain Parts of Umbrella, Parasol, and Walking Stick Furniture.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 8th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 7th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 21st Apr., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Production or Manufacture of Certain Parts of
Umbrella, Parasol, and Walking Stick Furniture.
WILLIAM HOLLAND the Younger, of the Firm of Cox Brothers and Holland,
of Greet, near the City of Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the production or manufacture of certain parts of
umbrella, walking-stick or parasol furniture, riz. :-The ferrules, the top notches,
and the runners, as hereinafter described.
By my invention, the production or manufacture of the said articles is simplified,
and the incidental costs of the said manufacture reduced.
In carrying out my invention in connection with the production of ferrules, I
make the same up of two component parts, viz., a brass socket body part, and a
steel or iron tip part, both of which are made or formed of thin sheet metal.
In forming the body part, I produce, by a drawing process, an elongated and
coned cup, or cylindrical and tapered barrel, closed at its one end, and with the
lower portion of the same necked, contracted or gathered-in to an outside diameter
and depth equal to the inside bore and depth, or nearly so, of the tip, which is made
cup-shaped, and from sheet steel or iron, fashioned into shape, by a raising or
drawing-through process.
The cup tip part is fitted upon the contracted or gathered-in end of the other
part, and with the two united permanently together by soldering or brazing, the
soldering being performed by dropping a lump of molten solder into the bottom of
the tip, which thereby unites the two component parts together.
Instead of soldering the parts together, the same may be united by impressing a
portion of the metal of the one component part into the metal of the other
component part, either in ring or other form.
As a further form of my invention, I may make the said tip solid, and fit the
shank end of the same into the lower open end of the socket body part, and then
unite the two together by a soldering or closing process.
It is understood that the lower ends of the socket body parts, in the first named
arrangement, is open, so as to admit of the passing of the solder into intimate
contact with the two metals to be united.
As a still further form of my invention, the shank of the tip may be necked or
gathered in to the inside bore of the lower end of the socket part, and then united
by a soldering or closing process.
When united by a closing process, the neck may be slightly undercut or inward
tapered, so that when the opposed metal is closed over it, the parts cannot be
separated or withdrawn by ordinary force.
In carrying out my invention in connection with the production of iron top
notches, I make the saine up of two component hat-shaped parts, with the annular
flange parts fitting one within the other, or one over the other, but leaving an
annular space between the disc or washer top of the one and the disc or washer
top of the other, as hereinafter described.
Thus, each of the said hat-shaped component parts consists of a circular and
centrally pierced disc of metal, with the walls of the pierced middle part formed
with short tubular necks, one longer than the other, and one smaller than the other
to an extent equal to the thickness of the metal of the walls of the said necks.
The component part forming the inner member is deeper in its aggregate than

page_text: the other or outer member to an extent equal to the wiring annular groove and the
thickness of the disc.
The two parts are placed together, or one within the other, or the tubular parts
of them one over the other, leaving a space between the discs or heads equal to the
depth which the wiring groove is to have, and then by a closing and compressing
process, the tubular necks are formed into close and intimate contact, with such
force as to compel the parts to be permanently united one to another.
Instead of only closing or bringing the walls of the tubular parts into intimate
contact, I may indent or otherwise impress the metal of the walls of the one into
the metal of the walls of the other, thereby permanently affixing together the two
component parts.
As a further form of my invention, I may neck or contract the lower tubular end
of the inner fitting part, or form the same with a shoulder, up to which the outer
fitting part comes, and thereby leaves the annular wiring groove, or an annular
space between the disc or flange of the one, and the disc or flange of the other.
The notches or gaps upon the circumferences of the discs may be made or cut
out during the process of making, or the same may be formed by threading a
number of discs upon a mandril connected to a dividing plate, and the whole cut
collectively by either saw or tool.
In carrying out my invention in connection with the production of an iron runner,
I proceed as follows:-
I take a disc of metal, and by means of shaping and drawing-through tools, I give
the same the figure of a cylinder, parallel at the sides, and closed at one end, which
end is removed by a subsequent cutting-out process.
I then form near one end, an annular bulging, and the extreme portion of that
end, I leave intact, forming a short neck, and upon the outside of this neck, a shallow
hat-shaped disc, alike as in the top-notch, is fitted, and is there affixed by turning
the metal at the extreme edges of the said neck slightly over the top of the disc at
the part immediately surrounding the inside walls of the middle piercing.
The annular bulging is closed into an annular flange or collar by lengthwise
compression, so that the said collar or flange is made solid with the runner sides.
Thus, the runner is made up of two component parts, viz.:-A barrel part with a
solid annular collar or flange near one end, and a hat-shaped member with a distance
collar upon it which is fitted upon the extreme collar end of the runner.
The formation of the soli flange or collar by the lengthwise upsetting or
compression of the annular bulging may be performed at the same time as the
closing and affixing of the loose part to the said end, or it may be made
separately.
The rotation of the attached part may be prevented by a slight outward bulging
of the inner part, which takes into a slight indent of the other part, or the
said rotation may be prevented by the parts being brought into intimate contact
only.
Dated this 7th day of June 1893.
WILLIAM HOLLAND, Junior,
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in the Production or Manufacture of Certain Parts of
Umbrella, Parasol, and Walking Stick Furniture.
I, WILLIAM HOLLAND the Younger, of the Firm of Cox Brothers and Holland, 50
of Greet, near the City of Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the production or manufacture of certain parts of

page_text: umbrella, walking-stick or parasol furniture, viz., the ferrules and the top notches,
as hereinafter described.
By my invention, the production or manufacture of the said articles is simplified,
and the incidental costs of the said manufacture reduced.
In carrying out my invention in connection with the production of ferrules, I
make the same up of two component parts, viz., a brass socket body part, and
a steel or iron tip part, both of which are made or formed of thin sheet metal.
In forming the body part, I produce, by a drawing process, an elongated and
coned cup or cylindrical and tapered barrel, closed at its one end, and with the
lower portion of the same necked, contracted or gathered-in to an outside diameter
and depth equal to the inside bore and depth, or nearly so, of the tip, which is made
cup-shaped, and from sheet steel or iron, fashioned into shape by a raising or
drawing-through process.
The cup tip part is fitted upon the contracted or gathered-in end of the other
part, and with the two united permanently together by soldering or brazing, the
soldering being performed by dropping a lump of molten solder into the bottom.
of the tip, which thereby unites the two component parts together.
Instead of soldering the parts together the same may be united by impressing a
portion of the metal of the one component part into the metal of the other
component part, either in ring or other form.
It is understood that the lower end of the socket body part, in the first named
arrangement, is open, so as to admit of the passing of the solder into intimate
contact with the two metals to be united..
As a still further form of my invention, the shank of the tip may be necked or
gathered in to the inside bore of the lower end of the socket part, and then united
by a soldering or closing process.
When united by a closing process, the neck may be slightly undercut or inward
tapered, so that when the opposed metal is closed over it, the parts cannot be
separated or withdrawn by ordinary force.
In carrying out my invention in connection with the production of iron top
notches, I make the same up of two component hat-shaped parts, with the annular
flange parts fitting one within the other, or one over the other, but leaving an annular
space between the disc or washer top of the one and the disc or washer top of the
other, as hereinafter described.
Thus, each of the said hat-shaped component parts consists of a circular and
centrally pierced disc of metal, with the walls of the pierced middle part formed
with short tubular necks, one longer than the other, and one smaller than the other
to an extent equal to the thickness of the metal of the walls of the said necks.
The component part forming the inner member is deeper in its aggregate
than the other or outer member to an extent equal to the wiring annular groove
and the thickness of the disc.
The two parts are placed together or one within the other, or the tubular parts
of them one over the other, leaving a space between the discs or heads equal to
the depth which the wiring groove is to have, and then by a closing and compressing
process, the tubular necks are formed into close and intimate contact, with such
force as to compel the parts to be permanently united one to another.
Instead of only closing or bringing the walls of the tubular parts into intimate
contact, I may indent or otherwise impress the metal of the walls of the one into
the metal of the walls of the other, thereby permanently affixing together the two
component parts.
As a further form of my invention, I may neck or contract the lower tubular
end of the inner fitting part, or form the same with a shoulder, up to which the
outer fitting part comes and thereby leaves the annular wiring groove, or an
annular space between the disc or flange of the one, and the disc or flange of the
other.
The notches or gaps upon the circumferences of the discs may be made or cut

page_text: out during the process of making, or the same may be formed by threading a
number of discs upon a mandril connected to a dividing plate, and the whole cut
collectively by either saw or tool.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in section, a two-part ferrule
constructed according to one form of my invention, and which ferrule consists of a
sheet brass or other metal socket or body part and a sheet steel or iron tip part
united together by a lump of solder dropped into the interior of the said first
named body part although the said parts may be united by closing the walls of the
one part intimately upon the other part by a drawing process.
a is a sheet metal socket body part, preferably made from sheet brass, and open
at both ends, produced by a raising and drawing process, and having the lower or
base part contracted or gathered into a neck a³, with a junction shoulder a³, and
with the said neck part fitted with a cup shaped tip b, made from sheet steel or
iron, which, when fitted into position and secured to the socket body part by a
lump of solder c, dropped into the bottom of the article which has been previously
prepared, forms a ferrule with a sheet steel cased end made uniform with the
outside walls of the said ferrule.
In carrying out the manufacture or production of the two component parts of the
ferrule I proceed as follows:-
In making the socket body part, I take a disc-shaped blank of sheet metal, and
by raising and drawing-through tools, I give the same an elongated and coned-cup-
shaped figure as shown in Figure 2, then by passing the closed end of the same
partially through a die and then withdrawing it I neck or contract and shoulder the
said closed end as in Figure 3. The closed bottom is then cut out thus leaving
both ends open.
The sheet steel tip is produced by taking a disc and raising the same into a cup
as in Figure 4 with an inside diameter equal to the outside circumference of the
prepared body part Figure 3. This cup is then placed upon the necked end of the
other and the whole are passed through a die, which forces the walls of the encasing
tip into intimate contact with the walls of the body.
By dropping solder within the interior as in Figure 3, the said compouent parts
are united together, although the said parts may be united together by being
annularly impressed as in Figure 5, or being inwardly indented at points.
Figure 6 represents a like ferrule as Figure 1 but with the inside closed end of
the same fitted with a solid driven-in plug d, which both unites the component
parts together and enhances the wearing of the ferrule when the tip or shoe has
been worn through.
Figure 7 represents a further form of ferrule made according to my invention,
and which consists of an outside socket part a, open at top and bottom, and a sheet
steel or iron tip or shoe b, having a closed end ', and a throttled or contracted
mouth end 63, thereby forming a neck over which the walls of the lower open end a¹,
of the socket part take and is there affixed by bringing the parts into intimate
contact and drawing the walls of the one upon the walls of the open mouth of the
other, although the parts may be soldered, brazed or otherwise connected.
Figure 8 represents a still further form of my invention. a is the taper_socket
or barrel part and b is a sheet steel or other metal tip or shoe united or fixed to the
lower end of the said barrel part a, by a closing process, that is, the walls of the
one are forced into intimate contact with the other by a drawing process or by
forcing the one part into the other. The socket part may have a shoulder a², to
form an abutment for the open end of the tip b.
Or the one component part may be secured to the other by a solid plug forced
into the interior thereof.
By making the ferrules from sheet metal considerable saving in the process of
manufacture is effected.
Figure 9 represents upon an enlarged scale and in elevation an iron top notch
made according to my invention.

page_text: Figure 10 represents a vertical section of the same, whilst Figure 11 is an under-
side plan of the same.
The said top notch cousists of two hat-shaped component parts, with the one.
being slightly greater in depth than the other and with one component part being
rigidly affixed to the other component part by forcibly closing the walls of the one
upon or within the walls of the other.
d is the outer component part, consisting of a barrel-shaped body part d',
terminated at its lower edge by a broad flange d³.
e is the inner component part, also consisting of a barrel-shaped body e¹, having
an outside diameter a shade greater than the inside diameter of the barrel shaped
part d', of the other part, and terminated at its lower edge by a flange e³. Both of
these flanges d², e² are at an early stage in the making of the top-notch notched or
formed with gaps d³, es, as hereinafter explained.
Thus, in the making of a top-notch, I proceed as follows:-
I take one-
I take a disc of metal, shown in section and plan in Figure 12 and fashion the
same into a flared cup, shown in vertical section and plan in Figure 13.
of these cups and fashion it into the hat-shaped cup Figure 14 by means of dies
and pressure, and I also take another of the cups Figure 13 and fashion it into.
another hat-shaped cup Figure 15. Figure 16 is a plan of Figure 15.
I now take the blank Figure 14 and cut the bottom of the same thus forming a
bat-shaped blank of the general figure shown in Figure 17.
I now operate upon the blank Figure 15 and produce a hat shaped section.
Figure 18, open at top and bottom, alike unto Figure 17, but the said last named.
part is deeper than the first named one, and the deeper member is also slightly less
in outside diameter than the inside diameter of the shallow one.
Two of these hat-shaped and open-ended sectional parts Figures 17 and 18 are
then notched or gapped as shown in Figure 19 and the members are then placed one
within the other or one over the other or the one is forced within the other with the
notches of the flanges coming coincident and at a short distance from each other as
represented in section in Figure 20 and in inverted plan in Figure 21.
Then by
either an expanding a closing or a part-drawing through process, the metal of the
walls of the members are squeezed together, and by the said walls being brought
into forcible and intimate contact, the component parts of the top notch are
rigidly held together as represented in Figures 19 and 20.
If necessary, the hat-shaped component parts or members may be secured together
by forcing one within the other when of the same or nearly the same diameter or
by compressing the metal of the one into the metal of the other either by annular
indentations or at intermediate points.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. In the ferrules of umbrellas, parasols and walking-sticks, casing the ends.
of the said articles in sheet steel or with raised sheet metal tip or shoes, substantially
as described and set forth.
Secondly. In the ferrules of umbrellas, parasols and walking sticks having sheet
steel tip-casings, closing or fitting the steel or iron tip or shoe member upon a
throttled or contracted and necked part of the socket member and uniting the two
together in the ways substantially as described and set forth.
Thirdly. In the ferrules of umbrellas, parasols and walking sticks having sheet
steel tip casings, closing or fitting the socket part upon a throttled or contracted and
necked part of the tip member and uniting the two parts together in the ways
substantially as described and set forth in Figure 7.
Fourthly. In the top notches of umbrellas and parasols, making the same from
two hat-shaped and open-ended members or component parts united together by
bringing the metal of both of them into intimate contact, substantially as described
and set forth.

page_text: Fifthly. The improvements in the manufacture of umbrella and parasol top-
notches, and in the processes and means employed in the said manufacture,
substantially as described and set.forth.
Dated this 5th day of March 1894.
WILLIAM HOLLAND, the Younger,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.