IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR HEATING OR COOLING LIQUIDS. CONDENSING STEAM OR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES.
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Price, the younger, of the Brunswick Foundry,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR HEATING OR COOLING
LIQUIDS. CONDENSING STEAM OR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES.'
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Price, the younger,
"
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1883.
JOSEPH PRICE, the younger, of the Brunswick Foundry Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, " IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS
FOR HEATING OR COOLING LIQUIDS, CONDENSING STEAM OR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
This invention has for its object further improvements in the class of apparatus
for which I was granted Letters Patent N° 452 of 1879, such apparatus being
applicable for use in transmitting heat to, or cooling liquids, condensing steam, or
gases, or for such like purposes.
In one modification of the above named apparatus and shewn in the drawings
accompanying the specification, a series of concentric tubes are so arranged as to
form chambers, by being placed with their ends abutting on slightly compressible
plates, connected to, or forming part of, divided end chambers so arranged that one
series of the above formed alternate annular chambers has communication with one
division of the said end plates, while the remaining alternate annular chambers
have communication with the other division of the aforesaid end plates in such
manner that the medium to be heated, cooled, or condensed, passing into. one
division of the end plate traverses the annular chambers communicating therewith
making its exit through the corresponding division of the other end plate.
Similarly the heating or cooling medium entering and traversing the remaining
divisions of the end plates and the annular chambers connected there with.
In my experiments, finding a difficulty in keeping the joints of the ends of the
tubes tight owing to the expansion and contraction of the tubes, I accordingly to
meet this difficulty specified in my said Letters Patent the use of corrugated tubes
which being in a slight degree compressible take up the longitudinal expansion and
contraction.
The joint was however proved by furthur experience not to be entirely satis-
factory. I found the compressible plates of wood or other like material either to

page_text: split when left out of work for some time or to lose their elasticity thus causing
leakage between the chambers and in case of leakage it was difficult to take the
whole to pieces and re-make the joints. Several other inventors constructing
apparatus on the basis of my said invention seem to have met with the same
difficulty.
Now my present invention is designed to greatly simplify the cost of making
such apparatus as above described to ensure of the ends of the tubes forming the
chambers making tight joints with their end plates and covers and to facilitate
the taking apart the apparatus for, the purpose of cleansing the same or renewing
parts thereof.
To effect this I form the end plates or covers of the concentric arrangement cast
with a series of concentric segments or annuli having ledges or grooves cast thereon,
on or in which the concentric tubes rest with their ends.
"'
A series of openings are cast or formed in the segments or annuli passing through
the plate admitting the heating or cooling medium to one set of alternate chambers.
The remaining alternate chambers having openings arranged also passing through
the end plates but connected with tubes or chambers so arranged as to allow the
medium to be heated cooled or condensed to enter the above end apparatus traverse
the said remaining alternate chambers and making its exit through similarly
arranged openings at the other end. These latter chambers or passages being
The
connected to tubes for the passage of the respective fluids steam or gases.
whole so formed apparatus being enclosed in a case through which the heating or
cooling medium is passed being admitted from this chamber through the first
mentioned openings in the end plates to the first named alternate chambers.
Now having placed the required number of tubes or chambers on or in their
respective ledges or grooves of the concentric segments or annuli of the aforesaid
end plates or covers (which I prefer to heat for this purpose), I pour in a metal or
alloy preferably one expanding slightly on setting and fusible at a comparatively
low temperature. The ends of the concentric tubes or chambers being formed with
openings, and the end plates so arranged, this metal or alloy flows over the whole
surface and thus in cooling forms a firm joint against, on, and around the ends of
the tubes or chambers, and the ledges or grooves of the said concentric segments,
or annuli of the said end plates at one end. When this is set, I turn over the
whole and treat the other end similarly. Any excess of the fluid or alloy escapes
by the other corresponding channel or opening to that into which it is poured.
The whole so formed series of chambers with its end plates can then be placed in
its external casing which is fitted with the necessary connections.
To make this joint I may use what is known as "Spence's Metal" or any similar
alloy or mixture. Or I may use alloys containing antimony or bismuth or both,
or other metal or combinations of metal posessing similar properties. In this case
to separate the end plates, tubes, or chambers, I may heat the end plates, or covers,
or dip the ends of the apparatus into heated oil, or grease, until the alloy or metal
melts, when the whole separates.
I may
also use lead, or soft, or other solder, and I do not bind myself to the use
of any special metal or alloy for the purpose of making the joint in this description
of apparatus.. The great advantage of this method of making the joints will
be seen to be that all the tubes are securred to each end plate at once and
approximately equally
I may (as before described in my former Specification) corrugate the tubes or
chambers in any desired manner or may use plain tubes and arrange for the
expansion and contraction in another manner. I do not bind myself to the exact
concentric annular arrangement above described though I have found such to give
me good results in experimental practice. For instance I may place the tubes
parallel and form the end plates accordingly, the said plates being suitably stayed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Price, the younger, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th November 1883.
JOSEPH PRICE the younger, of the Brunswick Foundry, Liverpool in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS
FOR HEATING OR COOLING LIQUIDS, CONDENSING STEAM, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES"
This Invention has for its object further improvements in the class of apparatus
for which I was granted Letters Patent N° 452 of 1879 such apparatus being
applicable for use in transmitting heat to or cooling liquids condensing steam or
gases.or for such like purposes.
In one modification of the above named apparatus, and shewn in the drawings
accompanying the specification, a series of concentric tubes are so arranged as to.
form chambers by being placed with their ends abutting on-slightly compressible
plates connected to or forming part of divided end chambers so arranged that one
series of the above formed alternate annular chambers has communication with
one division of the said end plates while the remaining alternate annular chambers
have communication with the other division of the aforesaid end plates in such
manner that the medium to be heated, cooled or condensed passing into one
division of the end plate traverses the annular chambers communicating there with
making its exit through the corresponding division of the other end plate similarly
the heating or cooling medium entering and traversing the remaining divisions of
the end plates and the annular chambers connected therewith.
In my experiments finding a difficulty in keeping the joints of the ends of the
tubes tight owing to the expansion and contraction of the tubes I accordingly to
meet this difficulty specified in my said Letters Patent the use of corrugated
tubes which being in a slight degree compressible take up the longitudinal expansion
and contraction.
The joint was, however, proved by further experience not to be entirely
satisfactory I found the compressible plates of wood or other like material either
to split when left out of work for sometime or to lose their elasticity thus causing
leaking between the chambers and in case of leakage it was difficult to take the
whole to pieces and remake the joints. Several other inventors constructing
apparatus on the basis of my said invention seem to have met with the same.
difficulty.
Now my present invention is designed to greatly simplify the cost of making
such apparatus as above described to ensure of the ends of the tubes forming the
chambers making tight joints with their end plates and covers and to facilitate
the taking apart of the apparatus for the purpose of cleansing same or renewing
parts thereof.
To effect this I form the end plates or covers of the concentric arrangement cast
with a series of concentric segments or annuli having ledges or grooves cast thereon,
on, or in which, the concentric tubes rest with their ends.
A series of openings are cast or formed in the segments or annuli passing through
the plate admitting the heating or cooling medium to one set of alternate chambers.
The remaining alternate chambers having openings arranged also passing through
the end plates but connected with tubes or chambers so arranged as to allow the
medium to be heated cooled or condensed to enter the above end apparatus to traverse
the said remaining alternate chambers and to make its exit through similarly
arranged openings at the other end.
These latter chambers or passages being connected to tubes for the passage of

page_text: the respective fluids steam or gases. The whole so formed apparatus being enclosed
in a case through which the heating or cooling medium is passed being admitted,
from this chamber through the first mentioned openings in end plates to the first
named alternate chambers.
Now, having placed the required number of tubes or chambers on or in their
respective ledges or grooves of the concentric segments or annuli of the aforesaid
end plates or covers (which I prefer to heat for this purpose) I pour in a metal or
alloy preferably one expanding slightly on setting and fusible at a comparatively
low temperature; the ends of the concentric tubes or chambers being formed with
openings and the end plates so arranged, this metal or alloy flows over the whole
surface and thus in cooling forms a firm joint against, on, and around the ends of
the tubes or chambers and the ledges or grooves of the said concentric segments or
annuli of the said end plates at one end. When this is set I turn over the whole
and treat the other end similarly. Any excess of the fluid metal or alloy escapes
by the other corresponding channel or opening to that into which it is poured.
The whole so formed series of chambers with its end plates can then be placed
in its external casing which is fitted with the necessary connections.
To make this joint I may use what is known as "Spence's Metal" or any similar
alloy or mixture.
Or I may use alloys containing antimony or bismuth or both or other metal or
combinations of metal possessing similar properties.
In this case to separate the end plates tubes or chambers I may heat the end
plates or covers or dip the ends of the apparatus into heated oil or grease until the
alloy or metal melts when the whole separates.
I do not bind myself to the use of any special metal or alloy for the purpose of
making the joint in this description of apparatus.
The great advantage of this method of making the joints will be seen to be that
all the tubes are secured to each end plate at once and approximately equally.
I may (as before described in my former Specification) corrugate the tubes or
chambers in any desired manner or I may use plain tubes and arrange for the
expansion and contraction in another manner.
I do not bind myself to the exact concentric arrangement above described
though I have found such to give me good results in experimental practice. For
instance I may place the tubes parallel and form the end plates accordingly, the
said plates being suitably stayed.
It will also be seen that instead of the concentric or parallel tubes flattened
condensing cells may be used or U-tubes; but these plans I do not consider equal
to the concentric arrangement before described and these plans may be varied
without departing from the principle of divided end chambers cast with ports for
entrance and exit of the fluids to be treated and furnished with ledges grooves or
supports to hold or grip the tubes whilst running in the fluid metal or making
the joint the ledges or grooves being so arranged as to permit of the fluid mass
traversing the whole area of the plate, and so simultaneously jointing up the
tubes to the plate or chamber by its setting hard.
.
I will now proceed to describe the said concentric arrangement in relation to an
apparatus for procuring fresh water from salt. or for heating water for feeding

page_text: Figure 4 is a half plan through top chamber on line G H and half sectional
plan.
Figure 5 is an enlarged vertical section E F, I J through cells showing arrange-´
ment of tubes and end plate.
Figure 6 being one half bottom view and one half top view of same these latter
figures showing the arrangement of tubes and the method of making joint through
the tubes and end plates.
In the above figures K is an outer casing serving to enclose the condensing
cell L and is provided with inlet and outlet M and N for the circulating water &,
the lower portion of this casing is closed by a plate P which may be corrugated
for flexibility, to this plate the lower end plate of the condensing cell is secured.
This plate is so arranged as to form a diaphragm between the water casing and
the hollow base Q which may be used as a receiver or filter chamber, by the
insertion of a filter plate and filtering medium for the condensed water, at the top
of the casing is a cover plate T to which the upper plate of the condensing cell is
secured. An aërating pipe is shown fitted to Q.
Referring to Figures 3, 5, and 6 S. R are two end plates which receive the ends
of the condensing tubes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. These end plates are formed with
grooves A¹ A' A¹.
In this instance the grooves are annular, the arrangement of tubes being
concentric. These grooves or annuli are formed of sufficient depth to receive
the ends of a pair of the tubes and with these tubes form closed annular cells
or chambers U. V. U. V. U. V.
In the present case these annular grooves are all formed in one plate, passages
are formed in this plate and shewn at W. W. W. which make communication
between the inner portion of the annular cells and the passages X X X which in
the case of the top plate allow of the admission of steam at a and in the case of
the bottom plate of the exit of condensed water at b respectively. Each of these
passages is lined with a short piece of tubing as shown in Figure 5 one end fixed
into the end plate the other projecting slightly beyond the upper edge of the.
annular grooves. The annular grooves are further connected with each other' by
short connecting grooves Z Z for the purpose hereinafter described.
From the above description it will be seen that by means of the annular grooves
and their margins in connection with the concentric tubes and the respective
passages W. W. X. X. a series of chambers are formed wholly closed to the water
casing K and forming a series of cells through which by means of the inlet and
exit provided, the steam to be condensed or water to be heated is at liberty to flow
and by coming in contact with the internal surfaces of the cells is condensed or.
heated as the case may be whereas at the same time passages B' B' B¹ are formed
through the end plates admitting the cooling or heating medium as the case
may be to circulate between the outer surfaces of the above mentioned cells or
chambers.
To make the necessary joints between the tubes and grooves of end plates the
tubes are placed in their respective positions in their several grooves and an
alloy, fluid metal or metalloid is poured in say at the side C¹ this being allowed
to pass through the outer tube by suitable openings o o therein will flow around
the whole of the outer annulus passing by similar openings through inner tube'
it will cross to the next annulus by the short connecting grooves Z Z and so on
to the next annulus in the series until all are filled up say to the top of the
grooves the metal being prevented from flowing into the passages W. W. B¹ B₁
by the extension of the short tubes shown above the margin of the grooves and
consequently above the level of the cast in metal, alloy &*.
On Sheet 2 Figs 17 and 18 shows an exagerated section showing the openings o
in the tubes. By these openings a secure hold is taken against the withdrawal of
the tubes by expansion and contraction and the metal or alloy becomes a
continuous block on the ends of the tubes.
There are many varieties of alloy suitable for my purpose but the nature must
.

page_text: dej end on the work to be done and will probably-be only found in many cases by
actual experiment.
For instance an alloy that expands in cooling may be made of lead 9 parts,
antimony 2 and bismuth 1 or tin 4 lead.4 bismuth 1 may be found useful.
Or for many cases I have found "Spence's Metal" answer the purpose.
As before mentioned I have found the concentric arrangement the best but
circumstances may occur requiring the use of a modified plan and I therefore shew
an arrangement of end casings having parallel tubes united thereto by means of my
method before described. Sheet 2 illustrates such arrangement of parallel tubes
and shews two modifications of same.
Figure 8 shews a half sectional elevation and a half side elevation of this
arrangement.
Figure 9 is a half side elevation and half section through one of the end plates
or chambers showing ports.
Figure 10 is a half plan shewing top view and half bottom view of the plate
shewing for the convenience of illustration one side fitted with hexagonal and the
other with round tubes.
Figure 11 is a section and
Figure 12 an elevation of part of a form of hexagonal tube formed or corrugated
spirally which I find it frequently advantageous to use as its construction gives the
necessary elasticity for allowing of expansion and contraction.
At present confining myself to these views S¹ R' are the end plates or chambers
having ledges or grooves A2 formed or cast thereon to receive the ends of the
hexagonal or round or other suitably formed tubes L¹ L' L¹.
These grooves
communicate as before by short ports Z¹:
The ledges are here shewn in parallel rows but they may be arranged in rings or
in other suitable form.
Cis the inlet for the alloy or metal as before.
The end plates 'or chambers S' R' are furnished with water passages B². B².
passing right through. as in the concentric arrangement.
The passages W. W₁ through the chambers or plates S₁ R' to the passages X'X'
for the steam inlet at a¹ and exit at 6' are fitted with ferrules or short pieces of
tubing as shewn.
The external casing is not shewn but may be arranged as in Figure 1.
Figure 13 shews a half sectional elevation and a half side elevation of another
modification of parallel tubes.
"
Figure 14 a half plan and half section through one of the end plates or
chambers.
Figure 15 a plan and
Figure 16 a sectional elevation of the method of holding the tubes in position
when putting the apparatus together by the alloy or metal.
In these views S₁ R2 are the end chambers having holes W² W2 fitted with
ferrules or short pieces of tube as shewn.
To guide the condensing tube and hold it steadily prefer to attach ribs or
feathers c. c. c¹. to the ferrules or short tubes and this may apply in the other
arrangement.
In the hexagonal tube- the ribs or feathers c¹. c. are seen in Figures 15 and 16
entering the angles and keeping the axis of the tube central.
There are no waterways in this form of end cover as the water flows around
the tubes being admitted directly without passing through the end plates or
chambers
The steam exit is at a² and the condensed water outlet at 2 passages X² make
communication directly with the closed ends of the tubes L through W2, W2. the
short tubes or ferrules.
In this form of apparatus a central stay is shewn holding the end plates or
chambers together.
This arrangement may be placed in an external casing as before described or the

page_text: apparatus may be put in a tank or immersed in flowing water for condensing or
in any closed or open box boiler or pan for heating:
The arrangement shewn in Figures 8 and 10 may also be modified by division
into separate elements consisting of one row of tubes to each and either used
separately or connected together by suitable pipes and unions or joints.
Apparatus constructed on my principle may be used for a great variety of
purposes besides condensing steam and heating feed water by exhaust steam.
It may be used for heating air by exhaust or live steam to warm buildings ships
or other structures.
Or for cooling milk or brewers worts or beers or wines concentrating syrups or
solutions and the like purposes of which the principle of this kind of apparatus
patented by me in 1879 N° 452 is applicable.
I am well aware of tubes being singly soldered to vessels for various purposes
and I am also aware of a Patent granted to William Lawrence 1083's for a method
of constructing refrigerators or heaters having corrugated plates soldered to end.
plates having inlets and outlets at alternate ends and also for another Patent
granted to him 371370 for a kind of tube soldered to a plate and I do not claim
the mere soldering of tubes to plates (as I do not rely on making a joint for the ends
of the tubes by a mere soldering action but by the intimate contact of the jointing
medium and its compression with and against the relative surfaces to be kept
water or steam tight) neither do I claim in tbis Patent the use of corrugated
tubes but having now described the nature of my said invention and the best
mode known to me of performing the same I would have it understood that I
claim as my invention:-
First In apparatus of the kind and for the purposes described constructing
the end plates or chambers S R with ledges or grooves A¹. A² to hold the tubes
whilst jointing the same and to prevent the escape of the fluid metal or alloy to
passages B. B. in combination with ports or passages B1 B2 passages X X' and
with the short tubes W. W. for preventing the fluid metal or alloy entering the
said ports or passages as and for the purposes described.
Second-The method of making the joint between the ends of the tubes and the
end plates or chambers by the use of a fluid metal alloy or metalloid run round
and into the ends of the tubes to a sufficient depth to be capable by its
expansion on cooling of holding or nipping the tubes firmly in around or against
the said ledges grooves or supports provided for the purpose, such fluid metal or
alloy being prevented from entering the openings Wi W₁ formed in the plates or
chambers by the insertion of short tubes or ferrules substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said Joseph Price the younger have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Fifth-day of November in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
TANTSK
PAKAR
-