IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, AND ALSO IN CHAIRS AND CannaS FOR PERMANENT WAY PROVISIONAL SPFICATION
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles De Bergue, of Dowgate Hill, in the
City of London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, AND ALSO IN CHAIRS AND
CannaS FOR PERMANENT WAY
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles De Bergue
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, -
on the 19th May 1853.
I, CHARLES DE BERGUE, of Dowgate Hill, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, AND ALSO IN
CHAIRS AND IN SLEEPERS FOR PERMANENT WAY," to be as follows:-
As to the first part of my Invention, my improvements consist,-
Firstly, of an improved mode of securing a rail to a chair (whether
of wrought or cast iron), and the chair to a sleeper, by means of one
bolt, screw, or other fastening, and an adjustable clip or holding piece.
This improvement may be effected in the manner shewn in the Figures 1,

page_text: and 2, of the accompanying illustrative Drawings, which are a side
elevation and plan view respectively, and in which a, is part of a trans-
verse sleeper having a notched or shouldered chair seat; b, a rail; and
c, a cast iron chair; and d, an adjustable clip or holding piece; for
which chair and adjustable clip piece I have obtained provisional
protection, bearing date the Seventh day of January, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three; and e, a bolt which secures the rail to
the chair, and the chair to the sleeper. A sleeper without a notched
seat may be employed, if preferred, or wrought iron chairs (such as
those hereafter described) instead of chairs of cast iron.
Secondly, of an improved mode of securing a rail to a chair (whether
of wrought or cast iron), and the chair to a sleeper, by means of two
bolts, screws, or other fastenings placed on one side of the rail, and an
adjustable clip or holding piece, or two adjustable clips or holding
pieces, if preferred. This improvement may be effected in the manner
shewn in the Figures 3, and 4, of the accompanying illustrative
Drawings, which are a longitudinal vertical section and a
plan view
respectively, and in which f, is part of a transverse sleeper; g, a cast
iron chair, sufficiently broad to serve for a joint chair, if preferred;
c, the rail; h, an adjustable clip piece (which may be made in two
parts, if preferred); i, k, two bolts for securing the rail to the chair,
and the chair to the sleeper. A notched sleeper may be used instead
of a plain sleeper, when preferred.
Thirdly, of an improved mode of securing chairs to sleepers having
notched or shouldered chair seats or beds by means of one bolt, screw,
spike, trenail, or other fastening. This improvement may be effected
in the manner shewn in the Figures 1, and 2, of the accompanying
illustrative Drawings; m, m, being the shoulders of the notched seat,
and m*, the notched seat itself; but any other suitable description of
chair than that shewn in these Figures may be substituted.
.
As to the second part of my Invention, my improvements consist,
Fourthly, of an improved mode of making chairs with a stud or
projection from the under side to assist in preventing the chair from
shifting or moving on the sleeper. This improvement may be effected
in the manner shewn by the dotted lines 7, 7, in the Figures 1, and 2.

page_text: Fifthly, of an improved mode of making wrought iron chairs for
permanent way, having bended clips or holders, by setting or bending
up the clips or holders, and also setting or bending, up shoulders or
projections, without turning over or bending back those parts of the
metal which form the bended clips or holders and projections. This
improvement may be effected in the manner shewn in the Figures 5,
and 6, of the accompanying illustrative Drawings, which are a longitu-
dinal vertical section and plan view respectively, and in which n, is a
wrought iron chair; o, its set or bent-up clip holder; 'o', its set-up
shoulder or projection. The remaining parts only serve to illustrate
an application of this improvement. Instead of each chair having one
clip or holder, as shewn, two or more may be made, if preferred, the
chair being made of sufficient width for the purpose.
Sixthly, of an improved mode of making chairs for permanent way
with one hole or opening only for receiving one bolt, screw, or other
fastening, or two holes or openings, both at one end of the chair, for
securing the same to a sleeper, and also, when preferred, for securing
the rail in or upon such chair. This improvement may be effected in
the manner shewn in the Figures 1, and 2, and in Figures 5, and 6,
of the accompanying illustrative Drawings, wherein the single hole or
opening is shown having a single bolt therein; and also in Figures 3,
and 4, wherein the two holes or openings are shewn (having two bolts
placed therein) at one end of the chair or on one side of the rail.
Seventhly, of an improved mode of making chairs which have a
holding clip only, or a holding clip and shoulder, by first rolling a bar
of wrought iron with an upright raised rib or ridge (and also with a
smaller rib when a raised shoulder is required), and afterwards bending
or setting such upright rib or ridge to an angle, so as to form it into
a holding clip. Or by rolling a bar of wrought iron of such an angular
form, and with raised ribs. or flanges of such shape, that when the bar
is afterwards flattened one rib or ridge will form an angular holding
clip, and the other a raised shoulder; or, when a second rib is not
required, the forming a sunk shoulder by a recess, groove, or indentation.
These improvements may be effected in the manner shewn in the
Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10, of the accompanying illustrative Drawings,

page_text: which are transverse sections of bars of iron rolled to the required
form, and in which the dotted lines p, shew the raised rib or ridge
upright, as rolled, and p', the same rib or ridge as bent over or set
down to an angle so as to form a holding clip. q, is the raised shoulder
for resisting the adjustable holding clip q', shewn in dotted lines; and
r, is the sunk shoulder, recess, groove, or indentation to be used when
the raised shoulder is dispensed with; but in such case it will be
necessary that the adjustable clip should be formed with a corre-
sponding projection to fit the sunk shoulder, as shewn by r', in Figure 8.
The angular form of the plate is shewn in Figure 9, and the form of
the same plate, when flattened, in Figure 10.
Eighthly, of a mode of making sleepers of cast iron for permanent
way, which form both sleeper and chair, by so relatively proportioning
the metal in the base or bearing surface which rests upon the ballasting,
and in the upper portion which carries the rail, as that the larger
portion of the metal may form a base adapted to resist tensile strain,
while the smaller portion of the metal will form a seat at the upper
part of comparatively small size for carrying the rail, but capable of
affording a sufficient resistance to compression. This improvement may
be effected in the manner shewn in the Figures 11, and 12, of the
accompanying illustrative Drawings, which are a section and plan view
respectively, in which s, t, u, v, is the casting, s, being its base, and t, its
upper part, the conical part or hoop u, being only an intermediate
support and, v, v, strengthening ribs or feathers. The Figures shew
the adaptation of a rail secured by an adjustable clip, as before
described; the securing bolt, however, being formed with an eye or a
hook, as shewn in Figures 13, and 14, of the accompanying illustrative
Drawings, for securing also a cross tic a. But when this or a tic bar,
as shewn by the dotted lines y, is dispensed with, a short bolt only is
required. The rail may be of any other suitable form, and secured
or held in any other suitable or convenient manner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles De Bergue in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 19th November 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
CHARLES DE BERGUE, of Dowgate Hill, in the City of London, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Charles De Bergue, Her special licence that I,
the said Charles De Bergue, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Charles De Bergue, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, AND ALSO IN CHAIRS AND IN
SLEEPERS FOR PERMANENT WAY," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Charles De Bergue, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles De Bergue, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
As to the first part of my Invention, my improvements consist,―
Firstly, of an improved mode of securing a rail to a chair (whether
of wrought or cast iron), and the chair to a sleeper, by means of one
bolt, screw, or other fastening, and an adjustable clip or holding piece.
This improvement may be effected in the manner shewn in the Figures 1,

page_text: and 2, of the accompanying illustrative Drawings, which are a side
elevation and plan view respectively, and in which a, is part of a trans-
verse sleeper having an ordinary notched or shouldered chair seat; b, a
rail; and c, a cast iron chair; and d, an adjustable clip or holding
piece; for which chair and adjustable clip piece I have obtained
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of January, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three; and e, a bolt which secures the rail to
the chair, and the chair to the sleeper. A sleeper without a notched
seat may be employed, if preferred, or wrought iron chairs (such as
those herein-after described) instead of chairs of cast iron.
Secondly, of an improved mode of securing a rail to a chair (whether
of wrought or cast iron), and the chair to a sleeper, by means of two
bolts, screws, or other fastenings placed on one side of the rail, and an
adjustable clip or holding piece, or two adjustable clips or holding
pieces, if preferred. This improvement may be effected in the manner
shewn in the Figures 3, and 4, of the accompanying illustrative Drawings,
which are a longitudinal vertical section and a plan view respectively,
and in which f, is part of a transverse sleeper; g, a cast iron chair,
sufficiently broad to serve for a joint chair, if preferred; c, the rail;
h, an adjustable clip piece, which may be made in two parts, if preferred;
i, k, two bolts for securing the rail to the chair, and the chair to the
sleeper. A notched sleeper may be used instead of a plain sleeper,
when preferred.
Thirdly, of an improved mode of securing chairs to sleepers having
notched or shouldered chair seats or beds by means of one bolt, screw,
spike, trenail, or other fastening. This improvement may be effected
in the manner shewn in the Figures 1, and 2, of the accompanying
illustrative Drawings; m, m, being the shoulders of the notched seat,
and m*, the notched seat itself; but any other suitable description of
chair than that shewn in these Figures inay be substituted.
As to the second part of my Invention, my improvements consist,―
Fourthly, of an improved mode of making chairs with a stud or
projection from the under side to assist in preventing the chair from
shifting or moving on the sleeper. This improvement may be effected
in the manner shewn by the dotted lines 1, 7, in the Figures 1, and 2.
Fifthly, of an improved mode of making wrought iron chairs for

page_text: permanent way, having bended clips or holders, by setting or bending
up the clips or holders, and also setting or bending up shoulders or pro-
jections, without turning over or bending back those parts of the metal
which form the bended clips or holders and projections. This improve-
ment may be effected in the manner shewn in the Figures 5, and 6,
of the accompanying illustrative Drawings, which are a longitudinal
vertical section and plan view respectively, and in which n, is a wrought
iron chair; o, its set or bent-up clip holder; o, its set-up shoulder or
projection. The remaining parts only serve to illustrate an application
of this improvement. Instead of each chair having one clip or holder,
as shewn, two or more may be made, if preferred, the chair being made
of sufficient width for the
purpose.
Sixthly, of an improved mode of making chairs for permanent way
with one hole or opening only for receiving one bolt, screw, or other
fastening, or with two holes or openings, both at one end of the chair,
for securing the same to a sleeper, and also, when preferred, for also
securing the rail in or upon such chair. This improvement may be
effected in the manner shewn in the Figures 1, and 2, and in Figures
5, and 6, of the accompanying illustrative Drawings, wherein the single
hole or opening is shewn having a single bolt therein; and also in
Figures 3, and 4, wherein the two holes or openings are shewn, having
two bolts placed therein, at one end of the chair or on one side of the
rail when placed therein or thereon..
Seventhly, of an improved mode of making chairs which have a
holding clip only, or a holding clip and shoulder, by first rolling a bar
of wrought iron with an upright raised rib or ridge (and also with a
smaller rib when a raised shoulder is required), and afterwards bending
or setting such upright rib or ridge to an angle so as to form it into a
holding clip. Or by rolling a bar of wrought iron of such an angular
form, and with raised ribs or flanges of such shape, that when the bar is
afterwards flattened one rib or ridge will form an angular holding clip,
and the other a raised shoulder; or, when a second rib is not required,
the forming a sunk shoulder by a recess, groove, or indentation. These
mprovements may be effected in the manner shewn in the Figures
7, 8, 9, and 10, of the accompanying illustrative Drawings, which
are transverse sections of bars of iron rolled to the required forms,

page_text: and in which the dotted lines p, shew the raised rib or ridge upright
as rolled, and p', the same rib or ridge as bent over or set down to an
angle so as to form a holding clip. q, is the raised shoulder for re-
sisting the adjustable holding clip q', shewn in dotted lines; and 1, is
the sunk shoulder, recess, groove, or indentation to be used when the
raised shoulder is dispensed with; but in such case it will be neces-
sary that the adjustable clip should be formed with a corresponding
projection to fit the sunk shoulder, as shewn by, in Figure 8. The
angular form of the plate is shewn in Figure 9, and the form of the
same plate, when flattened, in Figure 10.
Eighthly, in a particular mode or modes of making cast iron sleepers
(for permanent way), which form both sleeper and chair, and which
have the metal so relatively proportioned in the base or bearing surface
which rests upon the ballasting, and in the upper portion which carries
the rail, as that the larger portion of the metal forms a base adapted
to resist tensile strain, while the smaller portion of the metal forms a
seat at the upper part of comparatively small size for carrying the rail,
but capable of affording a sufficient resistance to compression. The
said particular mode or modes consists in so casting or making such
sleepers as to adapt them for supporting flat bottomed or bridge rails,
to be secured by my previously patented adjustable clip or holding
piece, and a bolt or bolts, as that the rails may rest upon a raised cen-
tral disc or annular ring, or upon raised ribs or feathers transversely
arranged, leaving the rails unsupported between the opposite sides of
the rim, or between the ribs or feathers. This improvement may be
effected in the manner shewn in the Figures 11, and 12, of the
accompanying illustrative Drawings, which are a section and plan view
respectively, in which s, t, u, v, is the casting, s, being its base, and t,
its upper part, in the form of an annular rim (which may be a plain
disc, if preferred), the conical part or hoop u, being only an inter-
mediate support, and v, v, strengthening ribs or feathers, in this case
radially disposed. The Figures shew the adaptation of a rail secured
by an adjustable clip, as before described; the securing bolt, however,
being formed with an eye or a hook, as shewn in Figures 13, and 14,
of the accompanying illustrative Drawings, for securing also a cross
tie x. But when this or a tie bar, as shewn by the dotted lines Y, is

page_text: dispensed with, a short bolt only is required. The rail may be of any
other suitable form, and secured or held in any other suitable or con-
venient manner.
This improvement may also be effected in the manner shewn by the
Figures 15, and 16, of the accompanying illustrative Drawings, which
are a transverse section and a plan view respectively, the former figure
or section being taken through the line Z, Z, in the latter figure. In
this sleeper chair the strengthening ribs or feathers are disposed trans-
versely and lengthways to the rails, instead of in various directions
radially. s, t, v, is the casting, s, being its base, having a few holes $*,
in it to lighten it; t, the upper part of the sleeper or the top portions of
the ribs or feathers v; the transverse ones, or some of them, affording
bearing surface for the bottom of the rail or rails to be supported.
The sleeper chair, as represented, is intended for receiving the ends of
two rails, but may be made single, if preferred. In the section h, is
an adjustable wrought iron clip to be held down by a bolt or bolts, as
before explained, and II, is one of two additional wrought iron holding
clips on the opposite side, to be previously inserted through holes
marked H*, in the plan. One of these latter clips and holes may be
dispensed with in the case of a single sleeper chair (instead of a joint
one). Or both may be dispensed with by having two clips cast on to
the sleeper itself, as shewn in the Figures 17, and 18, in which a, a,
are the cast clips or holders referred to, or by casting one such clip in
place of two.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles De Bergue, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twefth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
C. DE BERGUE. (L.S.)