of Steam or Compressed Gases.
Year: 1885

page_text: of Steam or Compressed Gases.
I, ERNST KÖRTING, at present in Hanover, Prussia, German Empire, one of the
firm of Körting Brothers at Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to apparatuses for raising water or other liquids by means
of steam or compressed gases acting on the surface of the liquid within a suitable
chamber having an inlet and a discharge-valve for the said liquid, and the improve-
ments consist in the particular mode of providing the chamber with an induction
and an eduction-valve for the operating agent and of combining therewith a float.
for actuating the valves; in means for preventing these valves from being open
both at a time; moreover in so constructing the valves and the float that the
latter in rising and sinking, will alternately open and close the valves suddenly
and with a considerable amount of energy, and finally, in providing the apparatus,
when operating by steam, with a check-valve in the steam eduction-pipe for the
purpose of adapting the same to draw in liquid by means of the vacuum produced
by condensation of the steam.
The aforesaid induction-valve is so arranged that it will open from the chamber
towards the pipe supplying the steam, &c., or induction-pipe, while the eduction-
valve opens towards the interior of the chamber. The former will consequently
tend to close by the pressure of the steam, &c., in the induction-pipe, and the
latter by the pressure in the chamber; and a certain force will be required to open
either of them. The valves are so connected together by a lever or otherwise
that, when one valve is closed, the other will be open, and they are both connected
to a float placed inside of the chamber, and which, when being in a medium
position, swims in the liquid. When the said liquid rises within the chamber, it
will first make the float bear upwardly against the valves or the connecting
mechanism thereof, and subsequently, after having risen by a further amount, it
will have imparted to the float a sufficient tendency to rise, or energy directed
upward as that the same may overcome the steam- or gas-pressure acting on the
induction-valve. The float will then suddenly open this valve and close the
eduction-valve, fresh steam or gas thereupon entering into the chamber and
pressing the liquid out through the discharge-valve. While now the liquid falls,

page_text: the float bears in downward sense on the valves or their connections, and when,
by the further decrease of the liquid, the displacement thereof by the float has
decreased by an amount equivalent to the steam-pressure acting from the inside of
the chamber on the eduction-valve, it will quickly throw open the said valve and
close the induction-valve, so that the admission of fresh steam or gas is stopped,
and the steam or gas contained in the chamber allowed to escape, and that a new
portion of liquid may run into the chamber.
The valves being operated quickly at every reversal of their position, no
considerable quantity of fresh steam or gas will pass through the apparatus into
the atmosphere without operating. But, in order to provide further means
against such inoperative passage, the valves are made each with a cylindrical
portion or appendage fitting into the tubular part of their seat, and having such
length that the said portion of one valve will come into engagement with the said
tubular part before, or about at the same time the like portion of the other valve
is withdrawn from the corresponding tubular part.
Considering that the float when being immersed in the liquid with its lower
portion only, must rise higher out of the liquid or sink deeper into the same as it
moves the valves from one extreme position to the other, it is evident that, during
such rising or sinking, the energy with which it acts on the valves, will decrease.
By means of a particular construction of the float and of certain parts relating
thereto, this energy may, however, be rendered uniform.
For this purpose
I
provide the float at the top with an open neck by which its inside is put in
communication with the chamber. Through this neck the discharge-pipe for the
liquid passes with an annular space between it and the neck, down to near the
bottom of the float. The float and the valves are so connected together that the
induction-valve for steam or gas will be opened and the eduction valve closed by
the sinking or downward motion of the float, and vice-versa. The float, thus
arranged, will be caused to sink in the liquid contained in the chamber, by an
additional quantity of liquid entering thereinto and flowing through the said neck
into the float, while it will rise when the steam or gas forces the liquid through
the discharge-pipe out of the flont. But the body of the float will always remain
immersed in the liquid, its neck only rising above the surface of the same. The
energy with which the float moves the valves will consequently be nearly uniform
from the beginning to the end of this movement, the quick opening of the valves
being thereby promoted.
For further ensuring a sudden motion of the said valves, I provide each of them
with a broad seat, while the valve settles or closes thereon with the outer portion
of its rim only. This arrangement, particularly in combination with the herein-
before described cylindrical appendage of the valves, causes either valve, as soon
as it has been started from its seat, to be relieved of so much pressure as
corresponds to the difference between the outer and the inner area of the valve-
The resistance of the valve to be overcome by the float, is thus at once
diminished in the same proportion.
seat.
When the described apparatus is to be used for sucking water by means of a
vacuum created by the condensation of steam, I insert into the eduction-pipe a
check-valve. This valve will close as soon as so much steam bas escaped from the
apparatus that the pressure in the chamber is about equal to the atmospheric
pressure. Condensation then sets in, by which the desired vacuum is produced.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Elevating Liquids by Means of
Steam or Compressed Gases.
I, ERNST KÖRTING, at present in Hanover, Prussia, German Empire, one of the
firm of Körting Brothers at Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following specification :-
My invention relates to apparatuses for raising water or other liquids by means
of steam or compressed gases acting on the surface of the liquid within a suitable
chamber having valves for the inlet and the discharge of the said liquid; and the
improvements consist in the particular mode of providing the chamber with an
induction and an eduction-valve for the operating agent and of combining there-
with a float for actuating the said valves; in means for preventing these valves
from being open both at a time; moreover in a construction of the valves and the
float so that the latter in rising and sinking will alternately open and close the
valves suddenly and with a considerable amount of energy, and finally, in providing
the apparatus, when operating by steam, with a check-valve in the steam eduction-
pipe, for the purpose of adapting the same to draw in liquid by means of the
vacuum produced by condensation of the steam.
On the annexed sheet of drawings an apparatus involving my invention, is
represented in vertical section by Fig. 1. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the improved
induction-valve. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the apparatus with modified float,
and Fig. 4 a section on line x x of Fig. 3.
A is the chamber of the apparatus, B the inlet-valve for the liquid to be raised,
and C the discharge-valve. When the apparatus operates solely by the pressure
of steam or gas, the liquid has to run into the chamber from a higher point. G is
the induction-valve for the steam or gas entering through the pipe E, and H the
eduction-valve for the operating agent passing out through F. D is the float.
When the liquid is at a medium height in the chamber, the said float swims in the
same. The induction-valve is so arranged that it will open from the chamber A
outwardly, i.e. towards or into the pipe E, while the eduction-valve opens towards
the interior of the chamber. The former will consequently tend to close by the
pressure of the steam, &c., in the pipe E, and the latter by the pressure in the
chamber; and a certain force will be required to open either of them. The valves
are so connected together and to the float D by a lever or otherwise that, when one
valve is closed the other will be open, and that the float in rising and sinking will
operate the valves. According to Fig. 1 the valves are connected together by the
lever I, and this lever is jointed by a link to the lever K having pivoted to it a
rod passing through the float and maintained in vertical position by the guiding-
lever L, and upon which the float may slide between the limits determined by the
collars M and N.
Supposing the chamber to be relieved of steam or gas-pressure, liquid will run
into the same, and, in rising within the chamber, it will make the float exercise an
upward pressure against the collar M, and consequently against the valves and H.

page_text: The float will then stop in this position until, by a further increase of liquid in the
chamber, the displacement of liquid by the float will have become great enough to
impart to the said float a sufficient tendency to rise, or energy directed upward, as
that the same may overcome the steam or gas-pressure acting on the induction-
valve. The float will then suddenly open this valve and close the eduction-valve,
fresh steam or gas thereupon entering into the chamber and pressing the liquid out
through the discharge-valve C. While now the liquid falls, the float bears against
the collar N and consequently acts through the described connections in downward
direction on the valves, and when, by the further decrease of the liquid, the dis-
placement thereof by the float has decreased by so much as that the portion of
weight of the float unsupported by the liquid, exceeds the steam-pressure acting
from the inside of the chamber on the eduction-valve, the float will have acquired
a sufficient tendency to sink, or power to overcome the said pressure. It will
then quickly throw open the eduction-valve and close the induction-valve. The
admission of fresh steam or gas is thereby stopped, and the steam or gas contained
in the chamber allowed to escape, so that a new portion of liquid may run into the
chamber.
The valves being operated quickly at every reversal of their position, no
considerable quantity of fresh steam or gas will pass through the apparatus into
the atmosphere without operating. But, in order to provide further means against
Buch inoperative passage, the valves are made each with a cylindrical portion or
appendage, S, Fig. 2, fitting into the tubular or guiding part of their seat, and
having such length as that the appendage S of one valve will come into engage-
ment with the said tubular part before, or about at the same time the like
appendage of the other valve is withdrawn from the corresponding tubular part.
Considering that the float when being immersed in the liquid with its lower
portion only, must rise higher out of the liquid or sink deeper into the same as it
moves the valves from one extreme position to the other, it is evident that, during
such rising or sinking, the energy with which it acts on the valves, will decrease.
By means of a modified construction of the float and certain parts relating thereto,
this energy may, however, be rendered uniform, or nearly so.
For this purpose
I provide the float D at the the top with an open neck, P, Fig. 3, by which its
inside is put in communication with the inner space of the chamber A. Through
the said neck the discharge-pipe for the liquid, O, passes with an annular space
between it and the neck, down to near the bottom of the float. The float and the
valves are so connected together that the induction-valve G will be opened and the
eduction-valve closed by the sinking or downward motion of the float, and vice-
versa. As is shown by Fig. 8, the valve-operating lever is, in view hereof, pivoted
at I, so as to be double-armed, and it is jointed with one arm to the float, while
with its other arm, which is bifurcated, it acts on the valves G and H (see also
Fig. 4), the said valves being for the rest arranged to open and close in like manner
as described in respect to Fig. 1. When the said float is empty, it will of course
swim in the liquid contained in the chamber A, and keep the induction-valve G
closed and the eduction-valve H open. An additional quantity of liquid being
then allowed to enter into the chamber, the liquid on rising above the level of the
edge of the neck P, will flow into the float and cause the same to sink and to
reverse the position of the valves G and H. Steam or gas then entering into the
chamber A, will likewise pass into the float and force the liquid contained therin,
out through the discharge-pipe O. This causes the float to rise again. But, in
changing its position, the body of the float will always remain immersed in the
liquid, its neck only rising above the surface of the same.
The energy with which the float moves the valves, will consequently be nearly
uniform from the beginning to the end of this movement, the quick opening of the
valves being thereby promoted.
For further ensuring a sudden motion of the valves G and H, I provide each of
them with a broad seat, while the valve settles or closes thereon with the outer
portion of its rim only, as shown in Fig. 2. This arrangement, particularly in

page_text: combination with the appendage S, hereinbefore described, causes either valve, as
soon as it has been started from its seat, to be relieved of so much pressure as
corresponds to the difference between the outer and the inner area of the valve-
seat, or surfaces of the circles drawn with the diameters R and r, Fig. 2. The
resistance presented by the valve to the action of the float is thus at once diminished
in the same proportion.
When the described apparatus is to be used not only for forcing, but also for
sucking water or other liquid by means of a vacuum created by the condensation
of steam, I insert into the eduction pipe F a check-valve. This valve will close as
soon as, subsequent to the opening of the valve H, so much steam has escaped from
the apparatus that the pressure in the chamber A is about equal to the atmospheric
pressure. Condensation then sets in by which the desired vacuum is produced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In apparatus for raising liquids by means of a compressed gaseous medium,
the combination, with a chamber A having valves B and C for the inlet and
discharge of the liquid, an induction-valve & for the operating medium, opening
outwardly, and an eduction-valve H for the same, opening inwardly in respect to
the chamber: of the lever I to which said valves G and H are connected and the
float D connected substantially as described with said lever I, whereby the valves G
and H are moved simultaneously in opposite directions by a movement of the float
after it has overcome the pressure acting on one of the valves, substantially in the
manner and for the purpose set forth.
2. The combination, with the chamber A, valves B and C and float D, of
induction and eduction-valves G and H, provided beneath their top or disk with
a cylindrical appendage S, adapted to engage with the tubular or guiding portion
of the valve-seat; substantially as and for the purpose specified.
3. The combination, with the chamber A, valves B and C and float D, of
induction substantially as and for the purpose specified.
3. The combination, with the chamber A, valves B and C and float D, of
induction and eduction-valves G and H, provided beneath their top or disk with
a cylindrical appendage S, as described, the surface of contact of the said valves G
and H with their seats being so reduced as that they will close upon their seats
with the outer annular portion of their rim only, substantially as bereinbefore
described and for the purpose set forth.
4. The combination with the chamber A and valves B, C, G and H, arranged
substantially as described, of a float, D, connected to the valves G and H and
provided with an open neck P, through which the discharge-pipe O passes down
into the float, as and for the purpose described.
5. The combination with the chamber A, valves B, C, G and H and float D
connected to the valves G and H, of a check-valve T, placed in the steam eduction-
pipe, as and for the purpose specified.