matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SHUTTERS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Skinner, junior,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th July 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM SKINNER, junior, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SHUTTERS AND APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the so arranging the sash windows of
houses that they may be fastened and adjusted with facility, whilst
greater security is afforded against the attack of thieves or intruders
from without. Each side of the window frame in the interior of the
house is formed with a ratchet toothed rack, and a corresponding spring
detent is fitted to each side of the traversing sash. In this way the
sash is held in position by the engagement of the detents in the ratchet
teeth until each detent is disengaged by hand from the interior. To
do this the detents have each a wire or connecting link suitably
arranged in the house, so that the two connections must be simul-
taneously operated upon when the sash is to be raised or lowered, or

page_text: the lowering may be accomplished without this action although it is
impossible to raise or open the sash without it. With this arrange-
ment the sash cannot be opened from the outside, inasmuch as it is
impossible to get at the fastenings. The catches may be arranged in
various ways to effect the same, and the ratchet teeth may be fastened
on the sash frame with the catch on the fixed framing or side pieces.
To furnish a still better incans of security the sashes may be locked by
any simple locking contrivance.which shall require a key for its opening
and shutting, and this key being kept hang up at a convenient place in
the house, but at some distance from the window, access cannot be had
to it from without, and this mode of holding may be substituted for the
ordinary suspension arrangement for the sash. The shutters are maile
to act also as venetian blinds. Each lath is of thin iron or other
material, suspended on end spindles which enter side grooves in the
fixed window framing, and the whole set is combined in a chain just like
the commnon venetian blind. To stay the laths so that they cannot be
bent off from the window from the outside, the ends, either of the laths
are the spindles, are held in their end guide grooves by forming suitable
T pieces to prevent the withdrawal of the ends, or in any other con-
venient manner for holding the pieces. The amount of angular opening
of the laths is regulated in the usual manner to form an adjustable blind,
whilst, when closed down to exclude the light, the whole forms an
internal shutter, thus dispensing with the ordinary shutter contrivances.
This shutter blind may also be hauled out of the way by drawing up
when required.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING CONDENSED STEAM AND AIR FROM PIPES OR OTHER CHAMBERS IN WHICH STEAM IS USED
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John O'Neil at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
December 1858.
I, JOHN O'NEIL, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING CONDENSED STEAM AND AIR FROM PIPES OR
OTHER CHAMBERS IN WHICH STEAM IS USED" to be as follows:-
'The peculiar feature upon which my Invention is founded consists in
the use of a diaphragm which will admit the passage of water and air,
but which will resist the passage of steam. I have found that such a
condition may be established by using various media, which are ren-
dered to a certain extent porous. In order to illustrate my Invention,
I will allude in general, terms to one construction of apparatus. A
vessel of any suitable form is attached by a pipe at one end to the
situation from which the condensed steam and the air are required to
be drawn; this vessel is divided into two chambers, by a series of thin

page_text: metal plates placed side by side, and close or apparently so to each
other; the upper of the two chambers thus formed is open to the steam,
and the lower to any receiver for water.
I propose in some cases so to construct the apparatus that it may be
turned over, in order to change the surface of the diaphragm upon which
the steam acts, for the purpose of keeping the pores thereof free from
dirt.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER, AND FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Henry Tuck, of Pall Mall, in the
. County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER, AND FOR
RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS."
Sealed' the 13th January 1854, and dated the 3rd November 1853. ..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Henry Tuck
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd November 1853.
I, JOSEPH HENRY Tuck, do hereby declare the nature of the said
"Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING
MOTIVE POWER, AND FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS," to be as fol-
lows
This Invention relates to a novel construction of rotary engine, the
chief peculiarity of which is, that the rolling piston has an axial motion
independent of that of the main shaft. The piston consists of a cylinder
with open ends, and the manner in which I prefer to employ it is to.

page_text: insert it in a fixed circular case, and pack it at its ends, after the
manner described for packing the ends of rotary engines in my Patent,
bearing date 14th October 1852.
The driving shaft of the engine passes freely through the case and
the piston, and keyed to the shaft are two or more arms, the extremities
of which form sockets for a fixed pin of a saddle frame enclosed in the
cylindrical piston. On the inner periphery of the piston are projecting
rings or flanges, which are intended to bear against two friction rollers
set below the line of the driving shaft, and carried by the saddle frame.
By means of these rollers the piston, when driven forward by the elastic
force of the steam admitted into the case, will be compelled to remain
in contact with the case, and thus it will be caused to roll over the sur-
face thereof, and wear all parts equally. The thrust also of the steam
will be more economically applied than in rotary engines of the ordinary
construction, as the parts employed to maintain the proper relative
positions of the piston and driving shaft are capable of self-adjustment,
and thereby of properly distributing the strain. Instead of this internal
arrangement for maintaining the position of the rolling cylindrical
piston, the same object may be effected by affixing trunnions to the ends
of the piston, and connecting them by cranks or arms to the .driving
shaft, which in this instance will be outside the case.
It will be understood that this Invention is equally applicable for
motive power purposes, and for raising or forcing fluids.
In applying this Invention for obtaining and applying motive power
I prefer to connect a high pressure and low pressure engine and an air
pump (all of the like construction) to the same shaft in order to econo-
mize power and space.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles de Bergue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th March 1853.
(This Invention did not proceed, the Law Officer having refused
Provisional Protection.)
I, CHARLES DE BERGUE, of No. 9, Dowgate Hill, in the City of Lon-
don, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES" to be as follows:-
This Invention comprises, firstly, a mode or modes of constructing the
under frame or under carriage with an additional framing or apparatus
for carrying the side or bearing springs, and so holding the axle boxes and
axles as, whilst allowing them to have the necessary play or movement,
to diminish the vibrations and the shocks to which carriages, as ordi-
narily constructed, are more or less liable; and, secondly, a mode or
modes of constructing vulcanized India-rubber side or bearing springs
for railway carriages, so that grease or other lubricating material may
be applied to the metal parts without running into contact with the
India-rubber.
OCEAN FLOATS, WHICH ARE DESIGNED TO SAVE LIVES AND LIGHT TREASURES FROM SHIPWRECK
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Deale at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
April 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, ANTHONY DEALE, of No. 37, William Street, Hampstead Road:
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for OCEAN FLOATS, WHICH ARE DESIGNED TO SAVE
LIVES AND LIGHT TREASURES FROM SHIPWRECK," to be as follows:-
These admirable and invaluable ocean floats are designed to save
lives, mail bags, despatches, letters, Bank of England notes, bills of
exchange, money orders, securities, mortgage deeds, wills, watches,
diamonds, jewellery, and light treasures, from saturation and shipwreck,
which otherwise would be totally lost. Springs, swivels, and rings are
to be fixed all round them, which will enable any number of them to
be united together, and thus form a description of raft which would be
the means of preserving many most valuable lives when ships are
wrecked, especially upon a lee shore. Single floats will convey lines
of communication from wrecked vessels to the shore.
How many

page_text: hundred of thousands of lives would have been saved if wrecked ships
had had the means on board which these floats will supply of conveying
to and establishing a line of communication with and from the shore.
They are to be of all sizes, and to be made of zinc, tin, iron, corrugated
or galvanized iron, gutta-percha, india-rubber, wood, or any other
substance, at option. The small ones, of little cost, will be peculiarly
adapted for conveying any intelligence of the cause of the non-arrival
in the expected time of any ship, when it is compelled, from want of
fuel, by stress of weather, or by any other cause, to diverge from a
direct line to its port of destination. The hold of the float will be
square, be in the centre, and be completely embedded in buoyancy.
The hatchway cover will screw on and off, and be fastened with a pad-
lock. The head & stern will be broad and flat, so that combinations
of them can be spread out, both lengthways & sideways, and thus
ramify their buoyant power in every direction. The body will be
divided into sections, and be perfectly water tight from each other. In
order that they may not be over freighted, so as indiscreetly to sink
them, the weight each will safely carry will be legibly stamped upon
them, so that combinations of them, calculated to buoy up any given
weight, can be accurately arranged according to circumstances.
They will be painted a bright scarlet, and have a small scarlet flag,
in order that they may be discerned & identified at a distance.
A NEW CONSTRUCTION OF SCREW PROPELLER
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Appold at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th May 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN GEORGE APPOLD, of Wilson Street, Finsbury Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Fur Skin Dyer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW CONSTRUCTION OF SCREW PROPELLER
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel configuration of screw to be
employed in the propulsion of ships, and which I designate the centri-
fugal and centripetal propeller. The sectional form of the blade by
preference tapers outwards, that is, the thickness of metal diminishes
from the boss to the edge of the blade, but the breadth of blade is uni-
foru, or nearly so, throughout. The blades are bent in such a manner
that a pair of them will in edge view take the appearance of the letter
S (see the diagram), and they are fixed in the boss which carries them
at an angle to its axis. The bending of the plates must be so managed

page_text: that a section taken at any part of the blades, in a line parallel with
their sides, will present a figure corresponding in form to the blades
when seen in edge view.
CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR WINDING YARN OR THREAD, CALLED WINDING MACHINES, USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Abbott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2d March 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JAMES ABBOTT, of the firm of Abbott and Shaw, of Accrington, in
the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners and Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR WINDING YARN OR THREAD,
CALLED WINDING MACHINES, USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Firstly, in the application of a cleaner or clearer fixed to or near
to the traverser, between the bobbins upon which the yarn or thread is
wound and the traverser, so as to take up the loose fibres or other
matters thrown off from the yarn or thread during the process of
winding, which cleaner or clearer may be cylindrical or otherwise,
and be made of wood, iron, or other suitable material, and covered or
not with cloth or other suitable substance, and have a revolving or
other suitable motion imparted to it. And also in the application of
another cleaner or clearer, similar to the one above described, at the
opposite side of the bobbins upon which the yarn or thread is being

page_text: wound, and near to or against a board or other suitable arrangement
placed to confine the fibres or other matters thrown off' within certain
limits, so as to remove the fibres which may adhere to it. The
cleaner or clearer may have a revolving or other suitable motion, and
the board (already referred to for confining the fibres) may have a
motion from the traverser or otherwise, so as to bring every portion of
its surface periodically in contact with the cleaner or clearer; or the
board may be without motion, and a traversing motion may be given
to the cleaner or clearer along its surface by the same means, or
otherwise.
Secondly, in placing a plate of iron board or other suitable means
under the bobbins upon which the yarn or thread is being wound
in such manner as to prevent the fibres or other matters thrown off*
during the process of winding from getting to the lower parts of the
spindles or other parts of the machine.
The object of my Invention is that of confining within certain
limits the fibres or other matters thrown off from the yarn or thread
during the process of winding, and accumulating them upon one or more
cleaners or clearers, from which they can be removed at convenience;
thus dispensing with the necessity for repeated cleanings.
A PNEUMOMETER FOR DETERMINING THE DENSITIES OR SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF GASES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fry Heather, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th April 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN FRY HEATHER, M.A., Mathematical Master at the Royal
Military Academy, Woolwich, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A PNEUMOMETER FOR DETERMINING
THE DENSITIES OR SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF GASES" to be as follows, that is
to say:-
It is a plan for determining, firstly, the actual density of any gas by
determining the weight in it of a light body, of known cubical content,
and whose weight in vacus is also accurately determined; and, secondly,
for deducing, by the intervention of a sliding rule, set in motion by an
air spring acted upon by the pressure and temperature of the gas, the
density or specific gravity of the gas at a given standard temperature,
and under a given standard pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING AND FIXING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1853

page_text: of Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th July 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, BENJAMIN DANGERFIELD, of West Bromwich, in the County of
Stafford, Engineer, and BENJAMIN DANGERFIELD, junior, of West
Bromwich aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING AND FIXING THE
RAILS OF RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
Fig. 1, represents in side elevation and Fig. 2, in transverse section
a rail constructed and fixed according to our Invention. a, is the rail,
the upper part of which has the form of the ordinary rail; the lower
part b, is of the form represented, that is to say, of a longitudinal rib,
which said rib enters and fills the space between the longitudinal ribs
c, d, formed on the base plate e; pins f, passed through the ribs b, c, d,
and fasten them together; the pins f, are secured in their places by
nuts (see Figs. 2, and 3). By an examination of Fig. 1, it will be scen
that the junction of the rails occurs at the middle of the ribs d, on the
bed e; and similarly the junction of the said ribs d, occurs at the

page_text: middle of the rail a; (the rails a, and ribs b, are represented much
shorter than is proportional in order to represent the junctions of the
said ribs and rail, and the pins f, are consequently too close in the same
proportion; the rails a, a, are of the ordinary length.) The base plate e,
may be affixed to a suitably formed chair, or the said base plate itself
may be sufficiently wide to be attached to the wood or stone constituting
the bed of the railway, as shown in section in Fig. 3. We sometimes
modify our Invention, as represented in Fig. 4; that is to say, we make
two ribs g, h, on the underside of the rail i, and one on the base
plate k, but we prefer the methods represented in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
We sometimes also modify our Invention, as represented in the section,
Fig. 5.
A REAPING MA- CHINE
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Cadell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st August 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, HENRY CADELL, of Dalkeith, Scotland, Mining Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A REAPING MA-
CHINE" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of a machine in which a series of
cutters or scythes of a crescent shape are attached to a cylindrical
frainc or drum which is made to revolve with the cutters, such cutters
in front passing or working over a set of fixed teeth or cutters of a
diamond pointed shape attached to the under frame of the machine.
Each moving cutter is surmounted by a rake of two or more prongs,
which is hung upon pivots attached to the side of the drum. This
rake, by means of a spanner acting upon a cam fixed to the upper
frame of the machine, is made to stand out, and receive the corn or
other agricultural produce in front as it is cut, and carry it to one side
of the machine, whence the rake is made to fall back by means of a
recess in the cam, and to discharge the corn. The machine is driven

page_text: by horses by means of a pole behind, the motion for giving revolution
to the drum with its cutters and rakes being taken from one of the
two principal wheels on which the machine travels, such motion acting
with the progression of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Stephenson junior,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st March 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
I, ROBERT STEPHENSON junior, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County
of Northumberland, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES" to be as follows:-
My improvements refer to three cylinder engines. I place the driving
wheels behind the fire box, and the cylinders about midway between
the fire box and smoke box, with the front and middle wheels as close
together as convenient beneath the fore part of the boiler. The outside
and inside cranks are arranged similar to those in Stephenson and
Howe's patent 3 cylinder engine; the two outside cylinders working
together to cranks placed outside the driving wheels, and the inside
cylinder placed in the centre line of the engine to a crank at right angles
to the two former. The connecting rod for the middle cylinder works
through a tube or mid feather in the fire box, surrounded by water
space. The tube is simply constructed, and may be easily withdrawn in
order to remove the copper fire box. The principal advantage attend-

page_text: ing this arrangement consists in the boiler being placed considerably
lower than in the original 3 cylinder engine, space only being required
for the middle cylinder, thus saving that necessary for the revolution of
the centre crank.
AN IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL BAIT FOR FISH
Year: 1853

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed
with the application for Letters Patent was not given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard James Norman
King at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 14th December 1858.
I, RICHARD JAMES NORMAN KING, of the City of Exeter, Dentist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
ARTIFICIAL BAIT FOR FISH" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved artificial bait for fish in the
form of a minnow, which is made of brass or other suitable metal,
formed square inside, with side hooks, which are fastened to the side
of the minnow by soldered loops, and bound thereto by gut and silk.
A brass block is fitted inside the minnow, on to which steel springs
are rivetted, and hooks, which extend from the tail of the minnow, are
soldered to these springs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING AND PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS BY ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION
Year: 1853

page_text: with the application for Letters Patent was not given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Farrington
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st December 1853.
I, CHARLES JAMES FARRINGTON, of Hampstead, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING AND PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS
BY ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION" to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to effecting electrical communication with
carriages running on railways, by which, in the event of an accident
taking place on such line of railway, or any other occasion occuring
rendering it necessary to stop an approaching carriage or train of
carriages, electric communication may be effected with such approaching
carriage or train of carriages, to set in motion apparatus as a signal to
the guards or other persons in charge of such approaching carriage or
train of carriages, that there is a stopping train or other obstruction in
advance of such carriage or carriages.

page_text: Arms or apparatus project at intervals along a line of railway, and in
position to act upon projections from a passing carriage or one of the
carriages of a passing train. The arms or apparatus are in metallic
contact with wires, by which an electric circuit, when required, may be
obtained to make such arms or apparatus electric.
The projection from a carriage is also in electrical connexion to
sound an alarum or make an indication, so that when the arms or
apparatus are made electric, and a projection above referred to comes
in contact therewith, the alarum or other indicator will signalize parties
in charge of such carriage or train of carriages that there is danger, or
that the train should be slackened.
The wires by which metallic connection for the electric circuit is
obtained to the arms or apparatus placed as stated at intervals along
the line of railway are, under ordinary circumstances, "broken," that is,
the electricity does not flow, so that although the arms or apparatus are
touched by projections from passing carriages or trains of carriages, no
effect is produced upon the alarum or other indicator carried thereby.
But when an accident or other occasion occurs by which it is desirable
to stop the approach of a coming train, an attendant goes to the nearest
place (of any number provided for the purpose along the line of rail-
way), where by a suitable key or apparatus he effects metallic contact
with the wires, by which electricity flows to the arm or arms at a
distance in the direction of the approaching carriage or train, and
when a projection from such approaching carriage or train comes in
contact therewith, electricity will flow to the apparatus carried by the
carriage or train, and make an indication.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LIME
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Jacob at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, CHARLES JACOB, of 6, Ingram Court, Fenchurch Street, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF LIME" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of a superior linie,
and consists in employing oyster shells for such purpose. The oyster
shells are burned or calcined in like manner to that in which lime
stone has heretofore been burned or calcined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PENCIL CASES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Levesley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st February 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM LEVESLEY, of Old Ford, in the County of Middlesex,
Cutler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PENCIL CASES" to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a pencil holder, which
shall have no lateral slit or opening like those now in use, wherein
dust and dirt may harbour. For this purpose I provide a cylin-
drical or other suitably shaped tube, and insert-in it a slotted hollow
rod, which is intended to receive the lead or other marking substance.
In the bore of this tube I place a short propelling wire, which
carries a tooth or pin that projects through the slot of the rod for
the purpose of taking into a stationary helical worm with which I
surround the hollow rod. One extremity of this rod I secure to the
head of the case, and the other to the point of the case. The propelling
wire being in the rear of the lead or other marking material, it is only
necessary to turn the head of the pencil case, and the lead will be
protruded at the other extremity.

page_text: A modification of this Invention is, cutting a thread upon the
hollow rod, and causing a nut (which is embraced by two pins on the
propelling wire) to work thercon. The nut then, by working in a
straight groove in the case, will, as the rod is rotated, force the
propelling wire forward, and so cause the lead to be protruded. By
turning the head of the case (to which the rod is affixed) in an
opposite direction the propelling wire will be drawn. back to allow
of the rod being re-charged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING WOVEN FABRICS AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1853

page_text: time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Drew at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th November 1853.
I, ALEXANDER DREW, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Calico Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING WOVEN FABRICS AND
OTHER SURFACES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preparation of sheet material to be
used in the subsequent ornamentation of woven fabrics, such as ladies
dresses and other surfaces, on the general system of relief ornamenta-
tion, for which Letters Patent for England were granted to Mr. Thomas
Auchterlonie, of Glasgow, in the year 1850. Such sheet material is
composed of a thin sheet or film of gutta percha or other adhesive
substance, on which is laid down a thin sheet of gold leaf, the two
materials being attached together to form a solid sheet or layer, by
mechanical pressure and heat. Sheets so prepared answer as the raw

page_text: material, whence the required devices or figures are cut out for attach-
ment to the fabric or surface to be ornamented by mechanical pressure
and heat. Leaf metal of various kinds may be thus used, and instead
of applying the metal in the leaf state, bronze or other powder may
be brushed on or applied to the surface of the adhesive sheet. Or the
metal covered sheets may be coated for a similar purpose by the electro
deposit process; various obvious modifications being available for pro-
ducing the required metallised fabric or material preparatory to its
being attached in the form of ornamental devices to the body fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING POWER BY STEAM AND AIR
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Tetley, of Bradford, in the County
of York, Gentleman, for an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING POWER BY STEAM AND AIR."
Sealed the 27th April 1853, and dated the 26th February 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Tetley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th February 1853.
I, CHARLES TETLEY, of Bradford, in the County of York, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OBTAINING POWER BY STEAM AND AIR" to be as follows:
This Invention consists of combining the use of water and heated air
in such manner that the water being injected into the heated air
(when in the engine), the water is converted into steam. The form of
the engine may be varied; but I prefer to employ a cylinder and piston
(reciprocating therein), as in an ordinary steam engine; and I so arrange

page_text: the apparatus connected therewith that, as the piston is moving from
either end of the cylinder, a quantity of heated air flows into the
cylinder, which I prefer should be heated by the furnace, and to as
high a degree as may be. A quantity of heated water, by preference,
is by the working of the engine caused to be injected into the cylinder,
which, being further heated by the heat contained in the air, becomes
converted into steam, and the same presses on the piston and gives
motion to the engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Romain Joly at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
October 1853.
I, ROMAIN JOLY, of Gaillon, in the Empire of France, Colorist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DYEING" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of fixing,, by means of
copper and the bichromate of potass, the colouring matter extracted
from dye woods, and causing the colouring matter when applied to
wool, silk, or other fibrous substances to be solid and permanent.
The improved process is applicable to the dyeing of wool, cloth,
stuffs, and fabrics of silk or wool and other fibrous materials. Its
principal advantages consist in giving a solid and permanent dye; the
process, moreover, produces a considerable economy over all the dyeing
processes at present known or in use.
MANNER OF OPERATING.
The wool, silk, cloth, or fabric to be dyed is first steeped in a bath
of hydrochloric acid for the purpose of cleaning the same, and disposing

page_text: it for oxidation, after which it may be placed in a bath of any vegetable
colouring matter, such, for example, as the extract from any dye wood,
and it should be kept boiling therein for half an hour or more.
The materials to be operated upon are then placed in a second bath
composed of sulphate of copper and bichromate of potass, and should
be allowed to boil therein for about a quarter of an hour. The pro-
portions of the materials to be employed for this second bath are about
four per cent. of sulphate of copper and two per cent. of bichromate of
potass; these proportions, however, are susceptible of considerable
modification, according to the peculiar nature of the dyeing agent to
the depth of colour or shade required.
As regards the colouring matter, the quantity to be employed will
depend entirely upon circumstances, and the peculiar shade that it may
be desirable to obtain; it should, therefore, be understood that the im-
proved process is applicable to all kinds of dyeing. As regards the
mechanical operations, they are similar to those usually employed in
the ordinary processes of dyeing, and must depend in some measure
upon circumstances, such, for instance, as whether the piece is to be
dyed of one simple colour, or certain spots or marks or stripes are to
be made thereon.
In order to wash out or remove extraneous matters the stuff or
piece may be submitted to the action of jets of water which may be
thrown thereon.
The depth of colour may be increased by boiling the stuff for any
desired length of time, so that any peculiar shade may be obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Buchanan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st August 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN BUCHANAN, of Leamington Priors, in the County of War-
wick, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved form of propeller, with
blades or arms so made and placed that they oppose less resistance to
the progress of a vessel than those at present in use, whether in steam-
ing or sailing. My improvements are as follows:-1. When the
motive power is at rest the blades (if not fixtures) can be turned on
their axes, and secured in any required position. 2. My improved
propeller may be placed either in the dead wood at the stern of the
vessel, as now used, or in the rudder or abaft the rudder; and if placed
in or abaft the rudder it assumes the same angle as the rudder, both
being moved by a double lever connected with the steering wheel or
tiller, and may be lowered with the rudder, and again put into gear
with the motive power. 8. In order to secure the propeller from

page_text: entanglement with floating flexile matters it is encased, and so formed
as to dissever any matter that might otherwise entangle it. 4. My
improvements may, however, be used without a case, and in that form
might become entangled; to remove the entangled matter I use an
instrument so placed in conjunction with the propeller as to dissever
the entangled flexile matter. 5. Another improvement is in the form
of the blades or arms, which are formed so that the thickest part is at
the greatest distance from the cutting or advancing edge when the
propeller is revolving forward, instead of being in the middle of the
blade, as usual, and may be either fixed or moveable, and of such
length as experiment may prove most serviceable, and when the blades
are immoveable the side or transverse edges do not extend beyond the
circumference of the boss.
A NEW OR IMPROVED STOP COCK FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF GASES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Parkes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
May 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JAMES PARKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED STOP COCK FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF GASES"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a stop cock or tap to be placed between
the ordinary stop cock of a gas burner and the said gas burner. The
said stop cock (that is to say, my Invention,) differs from the ordinary
stop cock in having two holes made in the plug thereof, one of the said
holes being like that in the ordinary stop cock, and the other at right
angles thereto, the last-named hole being smaller than the first named.
The object of my Invention is to permit the gas to be turned off when
it is not wanted, but to leave as much flowing as will keep the flame
burning, and permit the light to be instantly restored. In using my
Invention the ordinary and my improved stop cock are both opened
fully and the gas lighted; the size of the flame may be regulated by

page_text: either of the stop cocks; when it is wished to turn down but not quite
extinguish the flame, my improved stop cock is turned to a position at
right angles to its open position, when the gas is almost but not quite
shut off. In order to turn the gas wholly off, and extinguish the flame,
the ordinary stop cock must be used. The size of the second hole in
my improved stop cock is dependent upon the size of the flame which
it is intended to leave burning, as well as the size or number of the
burners to be regulated by it.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS
Year: 1853

page_text: of Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th February 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, WILLIAM BINKS, of Timperly, in the County of Chester, Gen-
tleman, and SAMUEL BENNETT and THOMAS STOREY, both of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Brass Founders, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN PUMPS OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS" to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists of a double acting pump, having but one
working barrel and one plunger, the principal novelty being in the
peculiar arrangement and construction of the passages and valves.
by means of which the pump is made both to raise and force the
fluid at each stroke of the plunger, whether in an upward or down-
ward direction. The feed pipe of the pump is enlarged towards the
upper end, and is furnished with a "butterfly valve" opening
upwards. One "wing" of this valve (say the right hand one)
communicates with a passage leading to the top of the working

page_text: barrel, whilst the other or left hand "wing" of the said valve com-
municates with a passage leading to the bottom of the said vessel.
There are two similar passages on the opposite side of the barrel of
the pump provided with a similar "butterfly valve," and com-
municating with the education or discharge pipe of the pump. The
passage from the right hand "wing" of this valve also communicates
with the top, and that from the left hand "wing" with the bottom
of the working barrel. The ends of the working barrel are both
closed by means of circular plates, the plunger rod passing through
a stuffing box in the centre of the upper one. The plunger is
packed by means of two leather cups, the lower one being inverted.
"It will be evident that as the plunger descends it will open the right
hand feed valve, and close the right hand discharge valve, thus
raising a fresh supply of fluid, whilst it will at the same time close
the left hand supply valve, and open the left hand discharge valve,
thus forcing the fluid (that was in the working barrel) through
the discharge pipe. When the plunger ascends the reverse will be
the case, and thus the ascending column of water is kept in constant
progressive motion.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OR ARRANGEMENT FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS OR ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Maltby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd November 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM MALTBY, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SYSTEM OR ARRANGEMENT FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS OR ACCIDENTS ON
RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a mode or arrangement whereby a signal
man on a railway line, or a station master, may give an audible signal
to the driver or guard of a train in cases of imminent danger by causing
an escape of steam from the boiler. To effect this, connexion between
the valves of the engine and certain levers placed underneath is to be
made; these levers are to be actuated or worked by means of some
suitable arrangement, such as a piece of metal of a hoop form placed
between the rails, and which being raised by the signal man shall cause

page_text: the levers to open the valves, and allow of the escape of steam through
the whistle or elsewhere, thus giving intimation of danger; or the
supply of steam may be cut off by the same means, thus effectually
bringing up the train. Magnetic action may be employed for effecting
a similar purpose.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLDIERS' AND MESS CANTEENS, AND OTHER ARTICLES FOR CONTAINING FOOD & LIQUIDS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Holmes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th October 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOSEPH HOLMES, of Portsea, in the County of Hampshire, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLDIERS' AND MESS CANTEENS, AND OTHER ARTICLES FOR
CONTAINING FOOD & LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvement in soldiers' & mess canteens consist
in so constructing them of tin or any other suitable material that they
may be carried with greater ease than those now in use; the present
canteen being constructed of a D form with square corners, I con-
struct mine of a D form also, but with round corners; also in fitting
within the body of the canteen or mess holder, Fig. 1, a bottle of a
corresponding form, Fig. 2, for the greater convenience in carrying,
which will be better understood on reference to the following descrip-
tion and Drawings:-Fig. 1, represents the canteen or mess holder in
elevation. A, the lid, which fits the holder or canteen; B, C, the rim
of the lid; D, the hole for the neck of the bottle H, to pass through,

page_text: to the top of which is screwed a metal cap or cover 1, for the retaining
of the liquid contained within the bottle H; E, a slide or corner for the
hole D, to keep the food warm when the bottle is out; F, F, two
loops for a strap to pass when required to be slung or carried on the
shoulder or back of the wearer; G, a metal or wire handle. Fig. 2,
the bottle H. K, K, two loops for the strap to pass through; I, the
screwed cap or cover to the neck of the bottle; H', an additional loop
for the greater facility of carrying a greater number of canteens, one
upon the other, by passing a strap through it and cach successive
canteen.
AN ELASTIC SPRING, CONTAINED IN A CYLINDER TUBE OR A TUBULAR CASE, THE LID OF WHICH MOVES DOWN AND UP ACCORDING TO THE PRESSION
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean François Mermet at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd October 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, undersigned MERMET (JEAN FRANÇOIS), 23, Red Lion Street,
Holborn, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
ELASTIC SPRING, CONTAINED IN A CYLINDER TUBE OR A TUBULAR CASE, THE
LID OF WHICH MOVES DOWN AND UP ACCORDING TO THE PRESSION," to be as
follows:
The spring is made up of material, dispositions of which give way to
elasticity. The tube and its lid may be made up of whatever unyelding
material. This spring is to be used in the inside trimming of common
carriages, railway carriages; boats and ships cabins of every description.
It is also to be applied to pieces of furniture, such as covered benches,
sofas, arm-chairs, mattresses. Bed mattresses can be got up of several
distinct parts, independent one of another, so that each one may be put
in its place and taken off without any difficulty. By this process, the
springs can be changed, and strong one put in. the place of weak one,

page_text: and vice versa, without removing the tubes, according to the mind and
wants of every one. By the means of the continuous pression of this
spring, presses can be made in order to dry the skeins of whatever
thread; and reels can be settled for winding, the skeins of also
indifferent thread.
ADDITION TO PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I, undersigned MERMET (JEAN FRANCOIS), 23, Red Lion Street,
Holborn, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
ELASTIC SPRING, CONTAINED IN A CYLINDRIC TUBE OR A TUBULAR CASE, THE
LID OF WHICH MOVES DOWN AND UP ACCORDING TO THE PRESSION," to be as
follows:
The spring is made up of material, dispositions of wich give way
to elasticity; viz., if in metal, it is disposed in spiral wires, or if in
caoutchouc, gutta percha, or any elastic substance, it is massive.
The tub and its lid may be made up of whatever unyelding material.
This spring is to be used in the inside trimming of common carriages,
railway carriages, boats and ships cabins of. every description. It is also
to be applied. to pieces. of, furniture, such as covered benches, sofas,
arm-chairs, mattresses, &c. &c. Bed mattresses can be. got up of
several distinct parts, independent one of another, so that each one
may be put in its place afid taken off without any difficulty. By this
process the springs can be changed, and strong one put in the placé
of weak one, and vice versâ, without removing the tubes, according to
the mind and wants of every one. By the means of the continuous
pression of this spring, presses can be made in order to dry the skeins
of whatever thread; and reels can be settled for winding the skeins of
also indifferent thread.
AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO THE BINDING OF LEDGERS AND OTHER BOOKS
Year: 1853

page_text: with the application for Letters Patent was not given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cooper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th December 1853.
I, THOMAS COOPER, of the firm of Cooper and Eustace, of Leeds,
in the County of York, Bookbinders, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO THE BINDING OF
LEDGERS AND OTHER BOOKS" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to cause account and other like
books, when opened, to present a flat surface, which greatly facilitates
the operation of entering accounts and memoranda. To effect this
object, and at the same time to relieve the stitches at the back of the
book from the strain that they would otherwise be liable to when the
book was wide open, I form the cover back of metal or other rigid
substance, and insert between it and the back of the book a steel
spring, which I rivet or otherwise securely attach by one of its ends to

page_text: the cover back. The other end of this spring is bent to the form of a
bow, which I leave loose, so that it may have free play.
By the
pressure of this spring on the back of the book, the leaves are thrown
up flat when the book is opened and sustained in that position, but
on closing the book the spring will yield to the pressure put on it, and 5
lie flat between the cover back and the back of the book.