Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for roun Mark like Designs on Paper or other Materials.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 10th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 16th Nov., 1888
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for roun
Mark like Designs on Paper or other Materials.
We, FREDERICK HAWKE of 2 Queenhithe Upper Thames Street London in the
county of Middlesex Paper Agent, and CHARLES JOHN FORD of 43 Wood Lane
Uxbridge Road London in the county of Middlesex Surveyor do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improved mode of and means for producing designs
(generally more or less transparent and similar in appearance to water marks) upon
paper or other materials or fabrics by means of the pressure of a hard relief design
upon the surface of the finished paper or other material.
Hitherto such designs have generally been produced by means of metal plates or
blocks applied to the paper in sheets which is a very slow and expensive process. By
our invention it is possible to produce the transparent designs upon the paper or other
materials in continuous rolls or webs thus saving considerable time and labour.
In carrying out our invention we construct a machine similar to a calender or
embossing machine containing two hard metal rolls one of which is engraved with the
design in relief. These rolls are held in "suitable side frames with screw or lever
pressure applied on the ends. The paper or other material to be marked is unwound
from a reel or reels placed on one side of the machine and is passed between the
engraved and a plain roller, suitable pressure being applied uniformly on both
journals and the paper or other material is reeled up by an ordinary friction reel on
to a hollow drum or roller placed on the other side of the machine. It will be
observed that paper subjected to this treatment has the design from the engraved
roller imparted into its substance, and by the thinning of the fibres a transparent
pressure mark" is produced this action being quite different from embossing (where
a soft cotton or paper roll is used in conjunction with an engraved roll).
66
Both the rollers should be made of very hard close metal, the engraved one
preferably of steel, and the plain roller of chilled iron,

page_text: The relief design may be produced by any of the known methods of engraving.
The design may for instance be "milled" on to the roller from a hard metal die and
the surrounding part cut away, or the design may be etched on to the roller, and the
body eaten away with acid to the required depth, or the raised surfaces may be
produced by the electro deposition of any of the metals by any of the present known
processes. The chief point to be arrived at in the construction of the rollers is to
produce two perfectly true hard and durable working surfaces.
To prevent the engraved roller being spoiled it is necessary that there should not at
any time be a dead pressure on the journals; to obviate this we place a piece of
rubber or a spring under the bottom brass step in which the ends of the rolls are held,
or the pressure may be got by levers and weights.
Sometimes it may be found advantageous to use a paper woollen, linen, or cotton
cloth lapping round the engraved or plain roller or an endless felt may be run between
the engraved roller and the paper or between the plain roller and the paper, the object
being to reduce the wear and tear of the raised metal surface. The machine is
constructed with three rolls when the width of the paper to be pressure marked is too
great to obtain a uniform pressure with two rolls, and in such case the third or top
roll should be made with a yielding surface such for instance as cotton paper or metal
covered with rubber or lapped round with felt or cloth (so as not to injure the relief
design on the pressing roll) this roll being required merely to prevent the engraved
roller from springing in the middle through pressure being applied at the ends only.
When several webs of paper are run between the rollers at the same time the mark
has an embossed appearance which may be removed by passing the combined webs
through a pair or more of calender rolls when only the transparent pressure mark will
be visible.
By this invention beautiful and distinct designs (very much superior to water
marks) may be cheaply produced in nearly all kinds of paper.
1000

page_text: Mark like Designs on Paper or other Materials.
FREDERICK HAWKE of 2 Queenhithe Upper Thames Street London in the county
of Middlesex Paper Agent and CHARLES JOHN FORD of 43 Wood Lane Uxbridge
Road London in the county of Middlesex Surveyor do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-—
Our invention relates to an improved mode of and means for producing designs
(generally more or less transparent and similar in appearance to water marks) upon
paper or other materials or fabrics by means of the pressure of a hard relief design
upon the surface of the finished paper or other material. Hitherto such designs have
generally been produced by means of metal plates or blocks applied to the paper in
sheets which is a very slow and expensive process.
By our invention it is possible to produce the transparent designs upon the paper
or other materials in continuous rolls or webs, thus saving considerable time and
labour. In carrying out our invention we construct a machine similar to a calender
or embossing machine containing two hard metal rolls one of which is engraved with
the design in relief. These rolls are held in suitable side frames with screw or lever
pressure applied on the ends. The paper or other material to be marked is unwound
from a reel or reels placed on one side of the machine and is passed between the
engraved and a plain roller suitable pressure being applied uniformly on both journals
and the paper or other material is reeled up by an ordinary friction reel on to a
hollow drum or roller placed on the other side of the machine.
"
on to
It will be observed that paper subjected to this treatment has the design from the
engraved roller imparted into its substance and by the thinning of the fibres a trans- .
parent"
pressure mark" is produced this action being quite defferent from embossing
(where a soft cotton or paper roll is used in conjunction with an engraved roll). Both
the rollers should be made of very hard close metal the engraved one preferably of
steel and the plain roller of chilled iron. The relief design may be produced by any
of the known methods of engraving, the design may for instance be "milled
the roller from a hard metal die and the surrounding part cut away, or the design may
be etched on to the roller and the body eaten away with acid to the required depth or
the raised surfaces may be produced by the electro-deposition of any of the metals by
any of the present known processes. The chief point to be arrived at in the con-
struction of the rollers is to produce two perfectly true hard and durable working
surfaces. To prevent the engraved roller being spoiled it is necessary that there
should not at any time be a dead pressure on the journals; to obviate this we place a
piece of rubber or a spring under the bottom brass step in which the ends of the rolls
are held or the pressure may be got by levers and weights.
Sometimes it may be found advantageous to use a paper woollen linen or cotton
cloth lapping round the engraved or plain roller or an endless felt may be run between
the engraved roller and the paper or between the plain roller and the paper the object

page_text: being to reduce the wear and tear of the raised metal surface. The machine is
constructed with three rolls when the width of the paper to be pressure marked is too
great to obtain a uniform pressure with two rolls and in such case the third or top roll
should be made with a yielding surface such for instance as cotton paper or metal
covered with rubber or lapped round with felt or cloth (so as not to injure the relief 5
design on the pressing roll) this roll being required merely to prevent the engraved
roller from springing in the middle through pressure being applied at the ends
only.
When several webs of paper are run between the rollers at the same time the mark
has an embossed appearance which may be removed by passing the combined webs 1
through a pair or more of calender rolls when only the transparent pressure mark will
be visible.
Our Invention is also applicable to a Paper Making Machine and the Pressure Rolls
would then (by preference) be placed after the last Drying Cylinder.
By this invention beautiful and distinct designs and curved or straight lines and 1
letters (very much superior to water marks) may be cheaply produced in nearly all
kinds of paper.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is an end elevation and Fig. 2 a front
elevation of the Machine.
A. Represents the Main iron framing.
B. Represents the Rack to hold the rolls of paper to be marked.
C. Represents the hard roll of chilled iron or other metal.
D. Represents the steel engraved roll.
E. Represents the hand wheel for screw pressure.
F. Represents the compound levers for lever pressure.
G. Represents the weights to regulate the lever pressure.
H. Represents the rolls of paper to be marked.
J. Represents the brake arrangement to regulate the tension on each web of
paper.
K. Represents the guide or smoothing bars to bring the webs of paper together and
take out wrinkles.
L. Represents the Drum on which the paper is reeled up after being marked.
M. Represents the friction reel to turn the Drum and is driven by a belt from the
end of the engraved roll D.
N. Represents the hand lever to throw off the pressure suddenly when required.
O. Represents the pinion and driving wheel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is.
1. Pressure marking paper or other materials in the reel or web by means of a
machine with two hard metal rollers, one engraved or marked with a design, letters or
lines and the other plain.
2. The improved method of Pressure Marking substantially as herein before
described.