Improvements in Piston Rod and Gland Packing.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 8th June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Nov., 1894-Accepted, 29th Dec.. 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in Piston Rod and Gland Packing.
I, JAMES WALKER, of 7 Love Lane, Shadwell, in the County of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention refers to certain improvements as hereafter described upon
inventions for which Patents have been granted to me dated the 9th March 1888
No. 3675, and the 15th August 1892 No. 14696, for piston and gland packing
composed of endless folde of material and internal springs or flat or triangular
metal plates.
The object of my invention is to produce a packing that will reduce friction, and
constitute or produce an automatic action by pressure with tightness. At the
same time the packing is made handy so that it can be applied to any stuffing box
as ordinary packing. The packing is so constructed as to combine hard and soft
packing in one form or piece (asbestos cloth, with wire or canvas preferably being
used). It is folded or rolled up to the desired shape and fastened with a solution,
or with metal pins, rivets, staples, rivet and washer, or nails; any of these may be
rivetted through the packing; it may be sewn together with wire or any other
suitable material or may be fastened in any way found most suitable. Some of
these fastenings form a metal face to reduce the wear, or I may also make the
packing without any metal.
According to my present invention I form or produce upon the end of the folds,
what I may term a lap or loose piece which is free to expand or contract and to
produce a cone or cup like action on the rod. By this construction a baffle space
is formed to check the passage of steam or water, the baffle space or groove also
serving as a water space.
In constructing the packing to fulfil the foregoing conditions I use a soft
material, preferably asbestos, asbestos wire cloth, canvas cloth, vulcanized fibre,
hemp, or the like, proofed to resist the action of the steam, water, or any chemicals
it may have to contend with.
The packing is formed by a series of endless folds or strips together with wire
gauze or sheet metal, the deep way of the stuffing box. Several of these folds are
left short on the side next the rod, thus allowing a space for the action of the
pressure or water, to swell the portion of the folds that are left short, not being
wholly fastened to the main body of the packing. The top and bottom part of this
packing is securely fastened in order to make it hard, allowing the soft part of the
packing free to be acted upon by the pressure of steam &c. The packing may
also be made in layers or folds the cross way of the stuffing box with a projecting lip
and a wedge shaped end. I may also make the packing in many other shapes, by
rolling or folding the cloth, and then blocking into shape in a mould. I may also
form the packing by making one turn fit into the other wedge shape, or half check
or lap. I may also form the water or steam space by inserting a metal ring
between each layer. I may make the packing in lengths or rings. These rings
may be blocked endless and cut for the purpose of putting round the rod. To
give strength to the back of the packing I may add metal plates or wire gauze.
may also introduce onto the loose flap, sheet metal to form a spring, or blocks to
resist the wear; also sheet metal to form the flap which may be folded up with

page_text: a soft material to strengthen it. A loose flap may also be formed at the back of
the packing. In order to facilitate the working of the packing I may introduce a
neck bush to suit the packing.
"
I may use any material found most suitable and introduce metal in the shape of
pins, plates, staples, rivets, wire gauze, sheet or block in any quantity to strengthen
or to act as springs or wedges, or to form a metallic wearing face to the packing.
Dated this 8th day of June 1894
Improvements in Piston Rod and Gland Packing.
1, JAMES WALKER of 7 Love Lane, Shadwell, in the County of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention refers to certain improvements as hereafter described, upon
inventions for which Patents have been granted to me dated the 9 March 1888
No. 3675, and the 15 August 1892 No. 14696, for piston and gland packing
composed of endless folds of material and internal springs or flat or triangular
metal plates.
The object of my invention is to produce a packing that will reduce friction, and
constitute or produce an automatic action by pressure with tightness. At the
same time the packing is made handy so that it can be applied to any stuffing box
as ordinary packing. The packing is so constructed as to combine hard and soft
packing in one form or piece (asbestos cloth, with wire or canvas preferably being
used). It is folded or rolled up to the desired shape and fastened with a solution,
or with metal pins, rivets, staples, rivet and washer, or nails; any of these may be
rivetted through the packing; it may be sewn together with wire or any other
suitable material or may be fastened in any way found most suitable. Some of
these fastenings form a metal face to reduce the wear, or I may also make the
packing without any metal.
According to my present invention I form or produce upon the end of the folds,
what I may term a lap or loose piece which is free to expand or contract and to
produce a cone or cup-like action on the rod. By this construction a baffle space
is formed to check the passage of steam or water, the baffle space or groove also
serving as a water space.
In constructing the packing to fulfil the foregoing conditions I use a soft
material preferably asbestos, asbestos wire cloth, canvas cloth, hemp, vulcanized
fibre, wire gauze, sheet metal, or the like, proofed to resist the action of the steam,
water, or any chemicals it may have to contend with.
The packing is formed by a series of endless folds or strips together with wire
gauze or sheet metal, the deep way of the stuffing box. Several of these folds are
left short on the side next the rod thus allowing a space for the action of the
pressure or water, to swell the portion of the folds that are left short, not being
wholly fastened to the main body of the packing. The top and bottom part of this
packing is securely fastened in order to make it hard, allowing the soft part of the
packing free to be acted upon by the pressure of steam &c. The packing may
also be made in layers or folds the cross way of the stuffing box with a projecting lip
and a wedge shaped end. I may also make the packing in many other shapes, by
rolling or folding the cloth, and then blocking into shape in a mould. I may also
form the packing by making one turn fit into the other wedge shape, or half check
or lap. I may also form the water or steam space by inserting a ring made of

page_text: metal or any other suitable material between each layer. may make the packing
in lengths or rings. These rings may be blocked endless and cut for the purpose
of putting round the round. To give strength to the back of the packing I may
add metal plates or wire gauze. I may also introduce onto or into the loose flap,
sheet metal to form a spring, or blocks to resist the wear; also sheet metal to form
the flap which may be folded up with a soft material to strengthen it. A loose flap
may also be formed at the back of the packing. In order to facilitate the working
of the packing I may introduce a neck bush to suit the packing.
I may use any material found most suitable and introduce metal in the shape of
pins, plates, strips, staples, rivets, wire gauze, sheet or block in any quantity to
strengthen or to act as springs or wedges, or to form a metallic wearing face to
the packing.
In order to more fully explain my invention and that it may be clearly under-
stood I will now refer to the annexed drawings whereon is shown at Figures 1 to 15
examples of packing constructed according to my invention, an illustration of its
application being shown at Figure_16.
Figure 1 is a cross section and Figure 2 an elevation showing a piece of packing
folded in endless or " bellows-like folds and composed of materials as before.
stated such as asbestos, asbestos wire cloth and the like, the folds A on the side to
come into contact with the moving part are left short to form the lap a loose piece,
the latter not being wholly fastened to the main body B of the packing; by this
construction a baffle space C is formed, and pressure acting within the space C
causes the loose upper edges D of the part A to make a perfectly tight joint with
the moving rod. E are metal studs having heads interiorally and suitably arranged
to form a partial metallic wearing face. F are rivets holding the main part B of
the packing together although the use of such are not absolutely indispensable as
the folds may be held together by solution or the like all as previously explained.
Figure 3 is an end section and Figure 4 an elevation showing a similar piece of
packing differing from the example shown at Figs. 1 and 2 in that at Figure 3 the
upper edge D is sloped upwards; one row of metal studs E are shown at Figure 4
arranged diagonally although they may be otherwise placed if so desired; the
body B of the packing is held together by staples, and rivets at the base part.
Fig. 5 is a section showing a piece of packing with a flap or loose part A arranged
to come upon both the front and back. In the folding of the material, the latter
may be arranged to cover the whole or a portion of the folded parts, and the
lower part or base of the packing. Fig. 5 is shown so covered; Fig. 6 is an
elevation and Figure 7 a section showing the metallic wearing face constructed of
continuous strips of metal at E fastened into the packing by prongs or pins, as
shown at E, Fig. 7. These strips may be in any number or in one piece.
Figure 8 shows a piece of packing folded to shape with metal pins at E and
with the body B and the flap A covered with material.
Figure 9 is an end section showing how the packing may be rolled up and
blocked into shape in a mould; the dotted lines represent a superposed piece of
packing and illustrates how the baffle space C is thereby formed. In this case
the top edge D is loose and soft, and pressure acting in the space C causes the
joint to be made as aforesaid; the example is shown as rolled in a somewhat
spiral manner, but it should be understood that this form may be readily made
by folding the material in a manner similar to the examples previously shown.
Figure 10 is an end section showing the material folded the cross way,
reversely to Fig. 1, to produce the same or a similar result; the dotted lines
indicate a superposed piece of packing. E shows the position of the studs
should such be desired, and F is the position of rivets to hold the packing
together.
Figure 11 is an end section showing how the packing may be made for one
turn to fit into the other.
In some cases the loose part or flap may be formed from or by the body of
the packing and be applied with a metal ring or dividing turn of suitable

page_text: 1
material and shape between the turns of the said packing as shown at Figure 12,
this representing a section of same showing the ring or distance piece at B
Figure 13 is an end section of a piece of packing showing the application of
a metal spring at G inserted in the flap, Figure 14 showing packing having
the said springs or strengthening pieces G either applied in two pieces or in
one piece, as shown, of V section.
Figure 15 is a section of the packing showing how it may be made with the
space C in the centre as shown, either with or without the metal springs or
stiffening pieces G the latter being illustrated by way of example. From these
examples it will be readily understood that if so desired thin metal strips may
be interfolded with the material in the formation of the packing or may be
applied to form a metal bearing face and yet come well within the scope of my
invention.
Figure 16 shows a section of a stuffing box here referred to as being the part
of machinery where the packing is generally used. H is the rod or moving
part, J is the stuffing box packed with packing of the character of construction
previously described and shown, which prevents the pressure from escaping
down the rod or box from the cylinder indicated by the letter K. The packing
fills the box round the rod, C are the baffle spaces or water spaces formed by
the packing arranged as before described. D are the loose flaps which are
acted upon by the pressure coming from cylinder K, the said pressure upon the
flaps pressing them onto the rod H and producing tightness with little friction. The
packing is or may be made in lengths and cut and adjusted round the rod to
fit the box tight, the ends being butted or otherwise cut. There being several
turns of packing in the box, the pressure is gradually checked or baffled in its
attempt to escape, while the construction of the packing supports and protects the
loose flap from being destroyed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In packing composed of soft material, such as asbestos cloth, asbestos wire
cloth, canvas, vulcanized fibre, sheet metal, wire gauze, or the like; the flap or
loose piece or part acting to automatically maintain a perfect joint by pressure
substantially as and for the purposes described.
2. In packing composed of soft material, such as asbestos cloth, asbestos wire
cloth, canvas, vulcanized fibre, sheet metal, wire gauze, or the like, the formation
of steam or water spaces therewith when in position and in combination with the
rod or part to be packed substantially as and for the purposes described.
3. In packing composed of folded or rolled and blocked material such as asbestos
cloth, asbestos wire cloth, canvas, vulcanized fibre, sheet metal, wire gauze, or the
like, the formation of same with a loose or soft part or flap and a steam or water
baffle space, the said packing being formed with a strengthening body part to
protect the said loose or soft part substantially as described.
4
4. In packing composed of folded, or rolled and blocked material such as asbestos
cloth, asbestos wire cloth, canvas, vulcanized fibre, sheet metal, wire gauze, or the.
like, the combination with a strengthening body part B of a loose or soft projecting
part or parts A arranged to leave a steam or water baffle space C substantially
as described and illustrated with reference to Figs. 1 to 11 of the accompanying
drawings.
5. The packing composed of folded material as aforesaid having a loose edge or
edges and separated by metallic or other rings, dividing pieces, or bars, substantially
as described and illustrated with reference to Figure 12 of the accompanying
drawings.
6. The combination with packing as described and claimed, of metallic spring
bands G substantially as and for the purposes set forth with reference to Figs. 13,
14 and 15 of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 7. The packing composed of folded material and formed with metal wearing face
or faces with pins, studs, staples, and strips, substantially as set forth with reference
to Figures 1 to 15 of the accompanying drawings.
8. The general construction arrangement and combination of packing all sub-
stantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described with reference to the
accompanying drawings together with any mere modification or modifications
thereof.
· ניז
001 1
SAT
1004