IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARAtus for SaturATING OR COMBINING CANE JUICE OR OTHER SACCAHARINE LIQUIDS WITH SULPHUROUS ACID GAS OR OTHER GAB
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Clinton Jones True, of George Town, British
Guiana, but now temporarily of 25, Austin Friars, in the City of
London, a Retired Colonel of the United States Army, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARAtus for SaturATING OR COMBINING
CANE JUICE OR OTHER SACCAHARINE LIQUIDS WITH SULPHUROUS ACID GAS
OR OTHER GAB."
Sealed the 15th February 1876, and dated the 2nd December 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Clinton Jones True
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd December 1875.
I, CLINTON JONES TRUE, of George Town, British Guiana, but now
temporarily of 25, Austin Friars, in the City of London, a Retired
Colonel of the United States Army, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SATURATING OR
COMBINING CANE JUICE OR OTHER SACCHARINE LIQUIDS WITH SULPHUROUS ACID
GAS OR OTHER GAS," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention has reference to the treatment of cane juice and other
saccharine liquids by sulphurous acid gas or other gas, carbonic acid

page_text: gas for example, with the object of bleaching and decolorizing the said
juice or liquid and preparing it for purification or clarification.
Attempts have already been made to bleach or decolorize cane juice
by placing it in a tank provided at the lower part with an arrangement
of fixed perforated pipes, through which sulphurous acid gas is forced,
but apparatus so constructed has been far from successful.
Cane juice has also been treated by causing it to flow through a
cylindrical case in which is a rotating perforated drum, having on its
periphery a series of longitudial scoops or lifters, which as the drum
rotates successively lift portions of the juice and then throw them
centrifugally against the inside of the case, from which they, or part of
them, fall upon the drum, the whole finding their way back to the
bottom of the case, while sulphurous acid gas or carbonic acid gas
admitted under pressure to the drum passes through the perforations of
the same and becomes combined with the juice as the latter is broken
up or subdivided through the action of the lifters. But although this
apparatus has been found to answer fairly well it is not nearly so
efficient as it might be.
Another plan of effecting the combination of cane juice with
sulphurous acid or other gas has been to allow the juice to fall down a
tower or column containing a number of perforated trays, which break
up the falling juice, while the gas entering the bottom of the tower is
caused to ascend by means of a pump or otherwise. But this apparatus
again has not met with much success.
Now my Invention consists in constructing apparatus as about to be
described, whereby the cane juice or saccharine liquid in passing
through the apparatus becomes saturated or combined with the
sulphurous acid gas or carbonic acid gas in a much more efficient
manner. For this purpose I combine scoops or lifters with rotating
perforated pipes arranged longitudinally at suitable intervals in a circle,
so as to constitute a sort of skeleton drum. These pipes communicate
at their ends with circular chambers, which form as it were the ends
of the skeleton drum; and the centres of these two chambers com-
municate with each other by a central longitudinal pipe, also perforated.
One of the chambers communicates with the gas supply pipe, while the
other communicates with an outlet pipe furnished with a cock or valve.
The manner in which I prefer to combine the scoops or lifters with the

page_text: perforated pipes is to form bars resembling double headed rails, with an
enlargement in the centre of the connecting web, such enlargement
being tubular, so as to form the pipe; or in other words the pipe has
two webs at diametrically opposite points, and each of these webs has
a double flange at the outer edge, the flanges forming the sides of the
scoops. Single flanges will answer the purpose, but I prefer the double
flanges, because it will not then matter in which direction the drum is
rotated. I prefer to make the perforations in the pipes in spiral rows,
the spirals running in reverse directions.
The action of the apparatus is readily understood:-The cane juice
or saccharine liquid in flowing through the outer case is lifted by the
successive scoops or lifters which rotate around the central axis at a
speed of about 30 revolutions a minute, more or less, and it is dashed
by them against the outer case, thereby becoming broken up or greatly
subdivided; it then finds its way partly through the spaces between
the pipes back to the bottom of the case, becoming still further broken
up by being struck by some of the rotating parts; and as the pipes and
scoops continue to revolve the process of breaking up rapidly reduces.
the juice to the state of spray. At the same time the sulphurous acid
gas or carbonic acid gas admitted under pressure (by a steam jet, air
pump, or otherwise,) to the first circular chamber finds its way along
the pipes, issues through the perforations, fills the case, and inter-
mingling with the subdivided juice combines with and quickly
saturates it.
Instead of imparting rotary motion to the drum by means of a
driving belt, as has been usual in apparatus of this description, my
Invention further consists in so combining an engine with the apparatus
as to enable the drum to be driven directly therefrom. For this
purpose I bolt a strong bracket to the outer case of the apparatus,
preferably to one end thereof; and I make this bracket the bed plate
of the engine. I mount a toothed wheel on the tubular axle of the
drum, and drive it by a wheel or pinion on the engine.

page_text: .
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Clinton Jones True in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st June 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CLINTON
JONES TRUE, of George Town, British Guiana, but now temporarily of
25, Austin Friars, in the City of London, a Retired Colonel of the
United States Army, send greeting.
· WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Clinton Jones Truc, Her
special licence that I, the said Clinton Jones True, my executors,
administrators, and. assigns, or such others as I, the said Clinton
Jones True, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SATURATING OR COMBINING.
CANE JUICE OR OTHER SACCHARINE LIQUIDS WITH SULPHUROUS ACID GAS OR
OTHER GAS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Clinton Jones True, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Clinton Jones True, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say :-
My Invention has reference to the treatment of cane juice and other
saccharine liquids by sulphurous acid gas or other gas, carbonic acid
gas for example, with the object of bleaching and decolorizing the said
juice or liquid and preparing it for purification or clarification.

page_text: Attempts have already been made to bleach or decolorize cane juice
by placing it in a tank provided at the lower part with an arrangement
of fixed perforated pipes, through which sulphurous acid gas is forced,
but apparatus so constructed has been far from successful.
Cane juice has also been treated by causing it to flow through a
cylindrical case in which is a rotating perforated drum, having on its
periphery a series of longitudinal scoops or lifters, which as the drum
rotates successively lift portions of the juice and then throw them
centrifugally. against the inside of the case, from which they, or part of
them, fall upon the drum, the whole finding their way back to the
bottom of the case, while sulphurous acid gas or carbonic acid gas
admitted under pressure to the drum passes through the perforations of.
the same and becomes combined with the juice as the latter is broken
up or subdivided through the action of the lifters. But although this
apparatus has been found to answer fairly well it is not nearly so
efficient as it might be.
Another plan of effecting the combination of cane juice with
sulphurous acid or other gas has been to allow the juice to fall down a
tower or column containing a number of perforated trays, which break
up the falling juice, while the gas entering the bottom of the tower is
caused to ascend by means of a pump or otherwise. But this apparatus
again has not met with much success.
Now my Invention consists in constructing apparatus as about to be
described, whereby the cane juice or saccharine liquid in passing
through the apparatus becomes saturated or combined with the
sulphurous acid gas or carbonic acid gas in a much more efficient
manner. For this purpose I combine scoops or lifters with rotating
perforated pipes arranged longitudinally at suitable intervals in a circle,
so as to constitute a sort of skeleton drum. These pipes communicate'
at their ends with circular chambers, which form as it were the ends of
the skeleton drum; and the centres of these two chambers communicate
with each other by a central longitudinal pipe also perforated. One of
the chambers communicates with the gas supply pipe, while the other
communicates with an outlet pipe furnished with a cock or valve. The
manner in which I prefer to combine the scoops or lifters with the
perforated pipes is to form bars resembling double headed rails with an
enlargement in the centre of the connecting web, such enlargement
being tubular, so as to form the pipe; or in other words the pipe has

page_text: two webs at diametrically opposite points, and each of these webs
has a double flange at the outer edge, the flanges forming the sides of
the scoops. Single flanges will answer the purpose, but I prefer the
double flanges, because it will not then matter in which direction the
drum is rotated. I prefer to make the perforations in the pipes in
spiral rows, the spirals running in reverse directions.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a longitudinal section;
Figure 2, a transverse section; Figure 3, a plan; and Figure 4, an
end elevation of an apparatus constructed according to my Invention.
a is the outer case or box; b, the inlet for the juice; and c, the
outlet for the same; d, d, are a series of perforated pipes arranged
longitudinally in a circle and combined with scoops or lifters e, e, the
pipes and lifters forming a sort of skeleton drum. The pipes d com-
municate at their ends with circular chambers f, g, and the centres of
these two chambers communicate with each other by a central longi-
tudinal perforated pipe d². The chamber f communicates with the gas
supply through the hollow axle i and the chamber 9 with an outlet
pipe k.
It will be seen on reference to Figure 2 that the scoops e are combined
with the perforated pipes d by making the pipes each with two webs
at diametrically opposite points, and by forming a double flange at the
outer edge of each web. As before mentioned single flanges will
answer the purpose but double flanges enable the apparatus to act no
matter in which direction the scoops are rotated. It will also be seen
that the perforations in the pipes are made in spiral rows, the spirals
running in reverse directions, but the perforations may be otherwise
arranged if preferred; is a steam jet to force the sulphurous acid gas
or other gas through the pipe h to the apparatus.
The action of the apparatus is readily understood:-The cane juice
or saccharine liquid in flowing through the outer case a from the inlet b
to the outlet c is lifted by the successive scoops or lifters e, e, which
rotate around the central axis at a speed of about 30 revolutions a
minute, more or less, and it is dashed by them against the outer case,
thereby becoming broken up or greatly subdivided; it then finds its
way partly through the spaces between the pipes d, d, back to the
bottom of the case, becoming still further broken up by being struck
by some of the rotating parts; and as the pipes and scoops continue to

page_text: revolve the process of breaking up rapidly reduces the juice to the state.
of spray. At the same time the sulphurous acid gas or carbonic acid
gas admitted under pressure (by the steam jet 1, or by an air pump, or
otherwise) to the first circular chamber f finds its way along the pipes
3d, d, d', issues through the perforations, fills the case a, and inter-
mingling with the subdivided juice combines with and quickly
saturates it.
Instead of imparting rotary motion to the drum by means of a
driving belt, as has been usual in apparatus of this description, my
Invention further consists in so combining an engine with the apparatus
as to enable the drum to be driven directly therefrom. For this
purpose I bolt a strong bracket or frame m to the outer case a of the
apparatus, preferably to one end thereof, as shewn; and I make this
bracket the bed plate of the engine n. I mount a toothed wheel o on
the tubular axle i of the drum, and drive it by a wheel or pinion p on
the engine.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my
"Improvements in Apparatus for Saturating or Combining Cane Juice
or other Saccharine Liquids with Sulphurous Acid Gas or other Gas."
First. The general arrangement or combination of parts herein-before
described and represented in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The combination of scoops or lifters with rotating perforated
pipes, substantially as herein-before described and represented in the
accompanying Drawings.
Third. The combination of an engine with the apparatus, so as to
drive the rotating parts directly from such engine, substantially as