Improvements in the Manufacture of Translucent Coloured Screens for Photographic Purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Oct., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 13th Feb., 1896-Accepted, 14th Mar., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Translucent Coloured Screens
for Photographic Purposes.
1 JOHN JOLY of 39 Waterloo Road, Dublin, Civil Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
-
Silk fibres dyed to the required colours are laid down upon glass or other
transparent support, and imbedded in a coat of varnish or other transparent medium
serving to increase the transparency of the fibres and cause them to adhere to the
plate. This may be accomplished by winding the fibres in the required order of
colours on a frame and subsequently transferring the web to the glass, or each
colour may be wound on a separate frame, suitably spaced, and separately trans-
ferred to the glass. Or the glass plates may be carried on the circumference of a
revolving drum on which the fibres are wound from spools feeding the required
colours so that the drum gets covered over with a layer of the fibres in the required
order of colours. I may apply to transparent plates fabrics woven in the
required colors, the cross threads being colorless. I may also use other materials
than silk in fine threads or fibres; as cotton, glass etc.
Or the coloured fibres may be applied to the transparent support by means of a
machine of the nature of a ruling machine; the fibres being fed on to the plate
and retained in position by a layer of varnish. At the conclusion of each stroke
the fibres become severed by a knife or returned back along the plate for the next
parti-coloured line. It will be understood that in this method the ordinary pen
of the ruling machine is replaced by the nipple feeding the fibres on to the plate.
Dated this 15th day of October 1895.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Translucent Coloured Screens
for Photographic Purposes.
1, JOHN JOLY, of 39 Waterloo Road, Dublin County Dublin, Ireland, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
Fame is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
In a certain process of colour-photography such as is set forth in the
Specification of Letters Patent No. 14161 of 1-94 granted to me it is necessary to
employ one or more translucent screens having markings or patterns in translucent
colours thereon.
This invention relates to an improved manufacture of such screens whereby
the translucent colours can be readily imparted thereto with the desired degree of
accuracy.
According to this invention, fine silk threads or other suitable filaments, dyed or
otherwise given the required colours, are laid down upon a support of translucent

page_text: or transparent glass or on some other support through which light can pass, as,
for instance a frame with a central opening; the filaments are imbedded in or
otherwise treated with varnish or other translucent adhesive medium, serving to
impart translucency to the filaments or to increase any translucency they may
originally possess, and to cause them to adhere to the surface of the Support, anil
preserve them from injury. The filaments are preferably laid parallel with each
other and in contact. In this way a multi-coloured screen consisting of a pattern
of fine translucent or transparent parallel lines can be obtained. Thus, red, green
and blue filaments may repeatedly succeed each other upon the support. The
colours employed need not however be red, green and blue; they may be any
colours suitable for taking or for viewing the image by the particular process of
colour-photography in which they are used. Or they may be such as will serve
both for taking and viewing the image. Or two colours, or four or more colours
for special colour-effects, may be useil.
The glass plate or other support may be coated before, fter, or during the
deposition of the filaments thereon, with the aforesaid varnish or other suitable
adhesive medium; this medium should preferably be of as nearly as possible the
same refractive index as the Glament. It may consist of a crystal varnish made of
any suitable resin, or of a varnish of Canada balsam in a suitable solvent, or of
dextrine, colllion, gum arabic, gelatine or the like. When any melium which is
not waterproof, such as dextrine, for example, is used to receive the filaments
or attach them to the plate. I may subsequently apply a coating of waterproof
varnish to the surface of the non-waterproof layer in order further to protect the
filaments.
The colour if carried as a dye upon a silk filament shambl preferably be imparted
to the filament before the latter is placed on the support.
The filament may consist of ten, twenty or more constituent silk fibres, or fibres
artificial silk, or of a less number, or of one fibre, according to the width of the
line of colour required in the screen.
The several coloured filaments may be brought together from reels before being
applied simultaneously to the surface of the support but so as not to mingle
together or overlap one another. Thus one reel may supply red, an ther green,
and a third violet lilaments. Or several reels carrying each a single coloured fibre
or more than one fibre may be used to make up each line of colour on the
Support. Thus there might be five or ten reels of green fibre to build up the
green filament.
The filaments may be prepared so that the individual fibres thereof are held
together by an adhesive material till they are laid upon the support; this adhesive
material is then dissolved out or melted to fluidity or it is so chosen as to be soluble
in a medium previously laid upon the plate.
Thus if the fires are coated or retained together by dextrine this will dissolve
in a solution of dextrine previously laid upon the plate. Or the filaments may be
of one fibre each and these may be of silk or artificial silk of the required
dimensions. Or a filament of one colour only may be laid down at one time to he
succeeded by the other colours applied immediately or subsequently. I may use
other material than silk for the filaments; for instance, glass, cotton, or celluloid
in the form of fine filaments, artificial silk, especially drawn silk gut, or other
suitable threads or fibres natural or artificial.
The several filaments or threads may pass through a bath of varnish, dextrine
or alcohol or other suitable medium before reaching the plate; this medium serves
either to retain in coherence, or wash or desireate the fibres of which the filaments
are constituted. Or the filaments may be desicented by being passed over a heated
roller before reaching the support.
A burnished roller, smooth straight-edge or soft pad may be drawn along the
freshly deposited filaments immediately after their deposition, pressing them
against the support, serving to smooth them down, straighten crooked fibres, and
expel air from them when they are applied wet or on a varnished support. A

page_text: smooth blade or guide may also be provided to run along the outer edge of the
freshly deposited filament to smooth the edge of the same and press in any
projecting fibres.
After the support is completely supplied with filaments and varnish it may be
pressed when the varnish is nearly dry against a flat, hard, polished surface in
order to confer a smooth surface upon the facing of filaments and varnish.
To secure the required regular deposition of filaments on the support
adopt any of the following contrivances;-
may
The filaments can be received upon a polygonal cylinder or drum, upon the
faces of which may be attached a convenient number of the translucent plates or
other supports. Or the drum is cylindrical and wrapped round with celluloid or
other flexible support upon which it is desired to deposit the filaments. This
cylinder or drum is rotated uniformly before the nipple delivering the threads and
simultaneously with its rotation it is displaced in the direction of its axis at a
uniform rate. Or the drum rotates on fixed bearings while the support carrying
the nipple or both the nipple and reels is displaced longitudinally. In the first
case a screw carried upon a prolongation of the axis of the drum and engaging in
a fixed nut will cause the drum to be displaced longitudinally in its bearings
simultaneously with its rotation. In the second case the support carrying the
nipple, or bth the nipple and reels, may be provided with a nut which engages
with a "
leading-erew geared suitably with the rotatable drum. Or instead of
the cylinder or drum a frame carrying two supports only, placed back to back,
may be employed for a like purpose. In the foregoing apparatus the supports
may be stationary and the reels and nipple may be carried round the drum or
cylinder, simultaneously advancing parallel to the axis of the drum. In screens
produced by such devices the lines of colour are short lengths of spirals.
It is convenient when a sufficient number of filaments have been laid on the
at pply adhesive material to them at the edges of the frames to attach
them to the latter, and when this is hard, the mean he severed from one
another.
A machine of the nature of an ordinary ruling machine in which the pen or
graving tool is replaced by the nipple delivering the silk, may be used to deliver
the filament instead of the rotary devices previously described. A large screen
may thus be coated with filaments. At the completion of each line the filament
may be laid reversely to form the next line a line being thus laid at each stroke
of the machine.
Or the filaments may be first brought into a warp of parallel threads, in the
correct alternation or order of colours, somewhat in the manner in which the warp
is made ready for the weft in the practice of weaving. Against this warp the
support is applied carrying varnish or some other adhesive medium in a ticky or
wet state upon its surface, so as to engage with and retain a series of parallel
filament. Or the varnish can be applied after a dry support has been applied to
the web. Or the individual separate coloured filaments may be caused to take
the correct positions for the formation of a warp by placing properly-disposed
notches on the opposite sides of a war-straining device and then applying the
support to the filaments thus stretched, these latter being caused to adhere to the
support by an application of varnish.
I may use filaments of only one colour on each warp-straining device. In this
case the said device may be provided with regular indentations on the edges,
serving to guide the filaments to the correct position. For three filaments the
notches on the warp-straining device would be at a distance apart equal to
double the width of one filament, so that sufficient space remaine 1 between every
two adjoining filaments to subsequently receive two other filaments. In the
winding of such devices, which may be effected on rotatable carriers of the
kind hereinbefore described I may dispense with necurate leading-screws for
the carriers or other rotating appliances, relying upon the regular pacing of

page_text: the aforesaid notches. The three several webs so obtained may then be
successively applied to the support, or may be applied thereto simultaneously
if the devices are of such dimensions that one may be fitted into the other,
so that the three series of filaments will come properly into the one plane.
I may also weave the filaments into a fabric to be applied to the support, the
coloured threads forming the warp and the weft consisting only of a sufficient
number of colourless threads to cause the threads of the warp to retain their
proper relative positions until they are secured on the support.
In the foregoing methods of depositing the silk or other filament, more than
one nipple, each delivering the complete set of colours or each delivering but the
one colour may be used.
In any of the machines hereinbefore referred to I may introduce an automatic
arrangement whereby the machine will stop running in the event of a thread
breaking or where by notice of such breakage will be given by the ringing of a
bell.
In place of using ready-manufactured or natural filaments I may prepare these
immediately before their application to the plate. Thus filaments of rapidly
drying material such as artificial silk may be expelled or drawn from minute
perforations communicating with a supply of the viscous substance suitably dyed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is ;—
1. A green for use in colour-photography consisting of translucent coloured
filaments.
2. In a screen for use in colour-photography the combination of translucent
coloured filaments with means for retaining them in the desired position relatively
to each other.
"
3. In a screen for use in colour-photography the combination with a "support"
of a series of translucent coloured filaments carried thereby and means for retaining
those filaments in place relatively to the support.
4. In a sereen for use in colour-photography the combination with a "support
of translucent coloured filaments and a coating of adhesive material to protect
them from blows or from the action of moisture and keep them in place
substantially as described.
"
5. In a screen for use in colour-photography the combination with a support"
of coloured filaments carried thereby and rendered translucent by being impregnatel
with varnish or the like substantially as described.
6. In a screen for use in colour-photography the combination with a "support
consisting of a sheet or plate of translucent material of translucent coloured
filaments carried thereby.
" support
"
7. In a screen for use in colour-photography the combination with a
of a single translucent coloured filament in a series of turns thereon substantially
as described.
8. In a screen for use in colour-photography a warp of coloured translucent
filaments having a weft of colourless filaments substantially as described.
9. A method of manufacturing translucent coloured screens which comprises the
operation of winding the translucent coloured filament or translucent coloured warp
helically upon a carrier whereon the " supports" for the filament are placed
substantially as described.
"
10. A method of manufacturing translucent coloured screens which comprises
the operation of delivering a coloured filament or more than one coloured filament
from a delivering-device into the desired position on a support" by recipro
cating the said device relatively to the support or vice versa substantially a
described.
11. A method of manufacturing translucent coloured screens which comprises

page_text: "
the operations of forming a warp of coloured filaments and laying against it an
"support"
adhesive "support
to engage such filaments or laying against it a
to which an adhesive material is subsequently applied substantially as described.
131
Dohmary 1806
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.