Improvements in or relating to Valves for Internal Combustions.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Nov., 1899-Accepted, 6th Jan., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Valves for Internal Combustion
"F
Engines.
A communication from CHARLES DE HAUPT, of 2, Rue de la Sablonnière, Brussels,
in the Kingdom of Belgium, Exchange Agent.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The present invention relates to valves for engines or motors driven by gas,
petroleum or other liquid, or gaseous hydrocarbon, its principal object : con-
sisting:-
-
1. In the combination with an admission and mixing valve of a hollow..piston
automatically movable or adjustable in a tubular portion of the said valve, and
acting as a slide for the purpose of reducing the size of the orifices through which
the air enters the mixing chamber, in proportion to the quantity of the burnt
gases remaining in the cylinder after the exhaust in order to obtain an explosive
mixture so much the richer as the proportion of burnt gases is greater thereby
assuring the ignition of the explosive mixture whatever the proportion of the
burnt gases contained in it may be.
2. The combination of two valves (admission and exhaust valve) so as to form
a double valve, the admission valve serving as a seat for the exhaust valve,
and the exhaust conduit being arranged in the interior of the hollow or tube of
the admission valve, for the purpose of heating the air to be mixed by means
of the exhaust gases, and of securing a perfectly tight fitting of the exhaust
valve during the suction period of the motor piston, without necessitating the
employment of another valve, or of other supplementary devices.
It should be observed here that these two devices may be applied together or
separately, and that, moreover, the valve for admission and mixing, owing to
the concentric arrangement of the inlet orifice of the combustible fluid and the
supporter of combustion, allows of the simultaneous admission both of the com-
bustible fluid and the air for combustion around the periphery during the suction
period, whereby a perfect mixture of the gases is obtained, thereby securing a
complete combustion of the mixed gases.
By way of example a practical form of construction of each of the devices is
shown in the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 being a vertical section of the valve casing and the distribution valves,
together with the device for regulating the admission of air.
Figures 2 and 3 are respectively horizontal sections on the lines V-X
and Y-Z of Figure 1.
Figures 4 and 5 are vertical sections of parts of the admission valve and of
the regulating piston during the suction and explosion periods, and

page_text: Figures 6 and 7 are respectively vertical and horizontal sections of another
form of valve.
In the accompanying drawings (Figures 1 to 5) 1 represents the exhaust
valve the rod 2 of which is actuated by any suitable mechanism acted upon
by the regulator. Underneath the exhaust valve is arranged a valve 4 for
admission of the combustible material and air to the mixing chamber, which
valve may also be actuated by any known device, but which in the example
represented by the drawing acts automatically.
The valve 4 is characterized by its rod or spindle being in the form of a
tube 5, being therefore hollow, the interior of this hollow rod being provided
with a slide 10, the outer cylindrical part of which is connected with the central
sleeve by thin ribs or arms. as represented in Figures 1 and 2, so as not to
interfere with the passage of the air which passes through the tube 5 in the
direction indicated by the arrows in Figure 1.
The object of the slide 10 is to more or less close when necessary, the openings 6
through which the air for combustion enters the chamber 3, at the same time
that the combustible fluid enters through the openings 7. The closed sections
of the openings 6 are in direct proportion to the quantity of burnt gases retained
in the cylinder; it is therefore necessary that the ascent of the slide 10 should
be in proportion to the quantity of such gases. For this purpose the slide is
fixed at the upper end of a rod 11, which at its lower end is provided with a
piston 12 movable vertically in a cylinder 15 and normally pressed downwards
by a spiral spring 23 acting on its upper surface, the tension of which spring may
be regulated by adjusting the screwed socket 24 in one or the other direction.
The piston 12 is provided with a central peripheral groove or annular recess 13
which communicates with the lower portion of the cylinder by means of a
groove or grooves 14, the piston being also provided at the bottom with a pro-
jection 16 in order to keep its under surface out of contact with the bottom of
the cylinder. The groove 13 of the piston communicates with the mixing
chamber 3 by means of a conduit 17 in which a spring valve 26 (Figure 1) is
arranged. According to this arrangement the valve is moved off its seat when
the pressure in the chamber 3 is greater, and it returns to its seat when the
pressure in the cylinder 13 is greater.
The valve 4 for the admission and mixing of the combustible material is
guided by an inner sleeve 21, and is kept on its seat by its own weight, and
also by the action of a spiral spring 20 pressing at one end against the core 22
of the casing and at the other against a collar 19 on the tube 5.
The valve 4 when resting on its seat, closes at the same time, all the openings 6
through which air arrives and the ports 7 through which the combustible fluid
is introduced, while, when raised, owing to the suction produced in the chamber 3
by the motor piston, it allows the air and the combustible fluid to enter simul-
taneously around the periphery and thereby secures a perfect mixing of the
gases (combustible fluid and air) and consequently a perfect combustion of the
mixture when the latter is made in suitable proportions. This proportion of the
combustible fluid and air should vary according to the quantity of burnt gases
resulting from the preceding explosion, and which have been retained and com-
pressed in the working cylinder after premature closing of the exhaust valve 1.
The shorter time the exhaust valve remains open the greater will be the quantity
of burnt gases retained in the cylinder and consequently the more compressed
will these gases be. The pressure will be transmitted to the cylinder 13 and
by way of the grooves 14 will act on the underside of the piston 12 in con-
sequence of which the latter will be raised, the height of such ascent being in
proportion to the pressure in the chamber 3 in consequence of which the slide 10
will more or less close the orifices 6 through which air enters. The proportion
of air will therefore be less and consequently the explosive mixture will be the
richer, the greater the quantity of the burnt gases remaining after the previous
explosion of combustion; therefore there will be no risk of failure of action,

page_text: and as good an effect will be obtained with a reduced charge as with a full charge,
The piston 12 works as follows during the different phases of action of the
motor.
1. The period of exhaust and compression of the burnt gases, if any. The
piston 12 is subjected to the action of the gas contained in the chamber 3, but
the valve 4 is closed.
2. Suction period. The valve 26 closes and the piston 12 is maintained at the
necessary height by the pressure of the gas contained in the cylinder 15, the
slide 10 thus regulating the admission of air.
3. Compression. The valve 26 opens and the pressure is transmitted to the
piston 12, but the valve 4 is closed.
4. Explosion. The same action takes place as in 3 but the piston 12 being
driven to the end of its course; the gas contained in the cylinder 15 escapes
through the opening 27, owing to the groove or recess 13 coinciding with said
opening.
Figure 4 represents the piston, the slide and the valve 4 during the suction
period and consequently during the phase of admission, while Figure 5 shows
the same devices at the moment of explosion.
The piston may evidently have any other shape suitable to obtain the same
end:
It may be, for example, of the same diameter along its hollow length,
and in that case the tube 17 would terminate below it in the cylinder 15.
In Figures 6 and 7 28 represents the casing of the distribution device which
comprises two interior chambers arranged to communicate with each other by
means of orifices 26 whenever the valve 33 is raised. The chamber 30. receives
the combustible fluid arriving through the conduit 31, and the other chamber
44. which receives the explosive mixture, communicates with the working cylinder
through the conduit 29.
The admission valve 33 is provided at its centre with a conical perforation,
the side of which cone constitutes the seat of the exhaust valve 34, which is
actuated in an upward direction as indicated by the arrow 49, Figure 6, by
means of any suitable mechanism, the spindle of which valve is pressed down-
wards by a spiral spring 48 and guided by the cover 32 of the chamber 44.
The admission valve 33 is provided on its lower side with a tubular exten-
sion 36 projecting downwards, and serving as a conduit 50 in continuation of the
conical perforation of the valves 33.
The outer diameter of this extension 36 is equal to the inner diameter of the
fixed exhaust conduit 37 in which it slides when the valve 33 is raised. On the
outer surface of the tube 37 slides a nut 41 secured on a tube 38 so as to close
the latter at its lower end, and serving at the same time as an abutment for a
spiral spring 42, in case such spring is necessary.
The tube 38 is attached to the under part of the valve 33 and is provided with
openings 47 at its lower end and openings 51 at its upper end, the former
serving for the admission of air to support combustion, and the others for the
passage of the air contained in the annular space 45 into the chamber 44 when
the valve 33 is raised during the suction period.
The tube 38 is guided in a sleeve 39 arranged in the interior of the chamber 30,
the latter being closed by a cover 40 in the form of a nut, serving, in case of
necessity, as an upper abutment for the spiral spring 42.
In its normal position the valve 33, owing to its own. weight, and, if necessary
to the action of the spring 42, is pressed against its seat 43, thereby closing all
communication between the conduits 37 38, and 46, and also closing communica-
tion between the two conduits 38 and 46, and the chamber 44.
On the other hand the valve 34 is pressed to its seat on the valve 33 by the
spring 48, and also owing to the pressure which both valves receive on their
upper faces from the gases contained in the working cylinder, the action of
which is identical with that of the springs 48 and 42.
During the suction period of the motor piston, the valve 33 is lifted by the

page_text: effect of such suction, and the valve 34 has also a tendency to leave its seat,
but the surface of the valve 33 being greater than that of 34, the action of the
former preponderates, owing to which the contact between the two valves, remains
undisturbed, and is further ensured by the action of the spring 48.
The effect therefore of the raising of the valve 33 during the suction period
will result therefore only in the establishment of a communication between the
conduits 46 for the combustible fluid and 45 for the air for combustion with the
mixing chamber 44 securing at the same time a perfect air-tight closing between
the latter and the exhaust conduit. .
During the exhaust period the valve 33 rests on its seat, owing to its weight
and to the pressure exercised by the gases contained in the working cylinder,
but the valve 34, the spindle of which may be actuated by any suitable mechanical
device, will be raised and allow the burnt gases to escape through the conduit 37.
It should be noted here that the spring 42 is represented by dotted lines,
because its use is subject to considerations of construction, and also because it
is not absolutely necessary. Further, it should be observed that by giving to
the rod 35, which may be solid or hollow a comparatively large diameter and
equal or nearly equal to that of the exhaust valve extension, it is possible to
employ a weak spring 48 by which means a very great sensitiveness as regards
the action of the regulator is obtained.
In the present description the admission valve is supposed to work auto-
matically, but it is evident that the devices and arrangements forming the object
of the present invention are also applicable in cases where the admission valve
is operated by an actuating device.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said
invention, (as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent) and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:-
1. A distributing valve device for internal combustion engines comprising
an exhaust valve actuated by any suitable device, an automatic or positively
actuated admission and mixing valve provided with a tubular spindle for the
admission of air to support combustion and arranged so
as to close or open
simultaneously concentrically arranged inlets for combustible fluid and air for
the purpose of obtaining a perfect mixture by their simultaneous suction round
the periphery of the valve, substantially as described.
2. The combination with an admission valve, actuated automatically or posi-
tively, of the kind described, of a slide moved by a piston subject to the action
of the gases contained in the cylinder, during determined periods of work, for
the purpose of regulating by means of said slide the section of the openings for
admitting the air for combustion to the mixing chamber, in proportion to the
quantity of the burnt gases retained in the working cylinder, after the closing
of the exhaust valve, thereby regulating the richness of the mixture in pro-
portion to the amount of burnt gases retained in the working cylinder.
3. The combination of an automatic or positively actuated admission valve
provided with a central exhaust perforation, with an exhaust valve actuated by
any suitable means and centrally seated on the admission valve, for the purpose
of securing a perfect air-tightness of the exhaust valve during the suction period
of the motor piston.
4. The concentric arrangement of a central exhaust conduit for the burnt gases
and inlet conduits for the air and combustible fluid in such a manner that the
exhaust gases passing through the central conduit serve to heat the air necessary
for combustion and drawn in through the annular space formed between the hollow
spindle of the admission valve and the exhaust conduit, the air thus heated and
drawn in being mixed intimately with the combustible fluid entering through
openings formed in the seat of the admission valve, concentrically around the
exhaust and air conduits.

page_text: 5. The complete valve device for internal combustion engines or motors sub-
stantially as described or illustrated in Figure 1 or in Figure 6 of the accom-
panying drawings.
6. Means for automatically regulating the air inlet opening in valves of the
kind described, substantially as described or illustrated in Figures 1, 3, 4 and 5
of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 25th day of November 1899
BOULT, WADE & KILBURN,
Agents for the Applicant.