APPARATUS FOR CLEANING WATER AND REMOVING ALL MATTERS IN SUSPENSION AND DIS- SOLUTION CONTAINED IN IT, WATER INTENDED TO FEED GENERATORS OF ALL SORTS (APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES), WHICH BESIDES PREVIOUS TO ITS GETTING INTO THE GENERATORS, IS HEATED TO THE HIGHEST DEGREE WITHOUT ALMOST ANY EXPENSE
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Henri Guillaume Daniel Wagner, of Paris, in
the Empire of France, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "APPARATUS
FOR CLEANING WATER AND REMOVING ALL MATTERS IN SUSPENSION AND DIS-
SOLUTION CONTAINED IN IT, WATER INTENDED TO FEED GENERATORS OF ALL
SORTS (APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES), WHICH BESIDES PREVIOUS TO ITS
GETTING INTO THE GENERATORS, IS HEATED TO THE HIGHEST DEGREE WITHOUT
ALMOST ANY EXPENSE."
Scaled the 5th August 1859, and dated the 24th February 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Henri Guillaume
Daniel Wagner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 24th February 1859.
I, JEAN HENRI GUILLAUME DANIEL WAGNER, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, Manufacturer, do. hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for
"APPARATUS FOR CLEANING WATER AND REMOVING ALL MATTERS IN SUSPEN-
BION AND DISSOLUTION CONTAINED IN IT, WATER INTENDED TO FEED GENERATORS OF
ALL SORTS (APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES). WHICH BESIDES, PREVIOUS TO ITS
GETTING INTO THE GENERATOR IS HEATED TO THE HIGHEST DEGREE WITHOUT ALMOST
ANY EXPENSE" to be as follows:-
My Invention refers to certain apparatus for cleaning and removing matter
held in uspension and solution in water intended to feed steam generators
of all sorts, which apparatus are also applicable to other purposes described
herein-after.

page_text: Amongst the annexed Drawings, Sheet 1 represents the apparatus of the
most simple construction. A, B, form, together with the parts herein-after
described, a plain square-shaped apparatus of plate iron about the tenth of an
inch thick, intended to purify and filter the feeding water for boilers. A is
the receiver for admitting cold water; B is the lower reservoir with sheet iron
partitions. upon which are deposited the incrusting substances. All the other
parts of which this apparatus consists are, a, inlet pipe for cold water, being a
mere extension of the feed pump pipe; g, escape for water in excess; o, a
cock for regulating the flow of water from the receiver A, which water flows
into the reservoir B.. This cock is worked from the outside by means of hand
gear with index hand moving over a divided scale on the cover; p, p, hori-
zontal square plate-iron partitions about the twenty-fifth part of an inch thick,
provided laterally with vertical panels, and supported by brackets h, h; b, pipe,
being an extension of the eduction pipe of the steam engine, & conveying the
steam into the interior of the reservoir B; c, outlet pipe for the steam which has
run through all the spaces between the successive partitions p, p, and heating
all those partitions; q, q, q, vertical ribs about 6 inches in height, fitted at the
bottom of the reservoir B, and intended to keep back (in case of very dirty
water) the deposits formed to a certain amount of atoms which might fall
from the partitions p, p, and the interior walls of reservoir B, so that these
substances so retained cannot obstruct the exit pipe s, t. For a similar
purpose the two lower partitions p, p, are provided on their upper surface
with several small vertical ribs; d, cast-iron cage interposed upon the outlet
pipe s, t, having internally a copper seive r, covered with a disc of filtering
felt, which cage forms a commencement of the exit pipe for the purified,
heated, & filtered water, and is at the same time an extension of the feed pump
pipe. It is closed at its upper part by a lid well fitted and fixed by set screw,
which secures it by a cross bar, clipping the flanch of the cage d. This arrange-
ment allows easy access to the cage d, in order to clean the filter whenever it
happens that it is obstructed by muddy deposits; r, copper sieve covered with
a felt disc, in order to keep back at the outlet of the reservoir B, the
lightest floating particles, in case there has been any carried along with the
water; f, guage cock for ascertaining the level of the water in of the reservoir
B; h, h, four iron brackets screwed on the inside walls of reservoir B, and
supporting the partitions held upon horizontal supports dovetailed into the said
iron brackets. Further the vertical side pieces or ribs in Drawing 1 of the
partitions p, p, are disposed, as it ware, athwart each other, in order to convey
the water from an upper partition to the next one lower down, and so as to
form a continuous fall directed first to one side of the apparatus and then to

page_text: the other; each drop thus will run successively over the whole lengun or
the upper and lower surface of each partition; those surfases should be
perfectly plain and smooth, so that the water can divide and spread itself
equally throughout the upper and lower surfaces of each partition. In conse-
quence of the horizontal position of the partitions p, p, and of the extremely
thin coating or film of water running thereon, it is evident that the said film
having run along the upper surface of one partition, will afterwards, in
obedience to the laws of adhesion, run partly along the lower surface of the
same, and thus with one single partition both the heating surface and the
surfaces to be traversed are in effect doubled in extent. In order to keep the
partitions p, p, in good condition and to facilitate their scouring, which
generally should take place about every six months, I paint or coat over their
surface with a mixture of fish oil and lamp black, which prevents the deposit
from sticking too fast on the surface, and makes the scouring easier.
In starting the apparatus for the first time it is also necessary to coat over
the partitions with the said mixture. All the joints of the apparatus are
to be made of vulcanized india-rubber bands, so that the apparatus can be
taken to pieces and put together again, and thus may be scoured with the
greatest facility and in a very short time.
The apparatus which I have just described will serve for condensing steam
or heating any liquids. Thus, for instance, if it is desired to concentrate a
syrup, I run the liquid divided in thin continuous sheets or films throughout
the surface of all the partitions, injecting always inversely to the run of the
liquid, instead of steam, a current of air or other gas heated or not by means
of an exhausting or blowing ventilator.
I observe with regard to the working of the apparatus, that cold river or
well water, however saturated it may be, will come through the pipe a into the
recipient A, there to be heated to a temperature from 180° to 212° Fahrenheit,
because the steam which passes through the pipe b, and out at c, will heat the
diaphragm, which answers the double purpose of a floor to A, and a ceiling to
B. The heated water contained in the recipient A passes afterwards into the
reservoir B, through the cock o, which latter is as aforesaid worked by a
vertical rod and hand gear e. The water runs off through the said cock in a
thin stream on the first partition heated by steam, where it spreads itself in
a thin film, and runs successively over both the upper and lower surfaces of
each partition. During this run the water is constantly boiling, and in that
state arrives upon the bottom of the reservoir B, from whence it is sucked up
by the feed pump, which conveys it into the cage d, thence to pass through the
seiver to be filtered, and finally into the generator, heated, purified, and filtered.

page_text: =
It is proper that, the bottom of the reservoir B should be placed at twenty
inches above the exit valves of the feed pump, so that the said valves shall be
constantly immersed. As the water flows to the pump freely. by its own
gravity it results, as will be seen from what has been said, that the amount of
water to be transmitted from A into B is regulated by the cock o, and must be
proportionate to the amount of steam, & according to the capacity of the boiler;
therefore the hand gear is to be regulated according to the height of the water
indicated by the water gunge, the float, the test cock, or any other indicator in
the generator. By the foregoing it will clearly appear that the water flowing
in small jets from the cock o must spread itself in a thin sheet or film, and
circulate successively on both surfaces of both of the partitions heated by the
steam, which in consequence of their position compel the steam to circulate in
an endless sheet or film through and along all the spaces divided by the
successive partitions of the reservoir B. Thus, a large heating surface is
obtained, the heat acting upon very thin films in a small space. The escape
or waste steam entering the reservoir B passes between the partition
inversely to the passage of the water which moves very slow, thus a gradual
heating of the feed water is obtained under the best conditions, the hottest
steam meeting at first the hottest water, & vice versa. The water spreads
in very thin films during its whole course on the heated partitions, and is kept
constantly boiling; from this it results, that all matters settling, whatever may
be their nature, held in suspension or in solution, are not only divided, but are
brought to adhere and incrust on the partitions, which gradually deposit
according to their density, that is to say, the heaviest matters remain on the
upper partitions,, and the lightest ones on the lower partitions. At the same
time this separation takes place, most part of the steam passing through the
reservoir B is condensed on the walls, the ceiling, and the thin sheets or films
of water in the reservoir B; consequently, not only is a certain amount of
distilled water obtained, but the amount of impure water is lessened, and
therefore the purifying process. becomes simplified. The large amount of
purified water produced for the generator in this apparatus may be thus
exemplified; supposing the apparatus, such as represented in Sheet 1, to be
about one-sixth of its real size, it will have about twenty square yards of heating
surface, and it will supply a sufficient quantity of water to feed a steam engine
of twenty horse-power.
IMPORTANCE & ADVANTAGES OF THE APPARATUS.
As the water, perfectly purified by the apparatus, produces also a steam quite
free from impurities. I call the said annaratus hydrating i

page_text: By
years chemical & other expensive means have been vainly employed in order
to obviate the inconvenience of incrustations in steam generators; even absurd
means have sometimes been tried in desparation, but all have been found of
little or no practical value, whilst my apparatus offers to all a sure and efficient
remedy, and its arrival into the industrial world will certainly be welcomed by
governments, railway, and steam navigation companies, so that it may be said,
with the hydratino purifier a new epoch is beginning for generators, steam
engines, locomotives, steamboats, and many other branches of industry and arts;
besides many dangers will be obviated. It also offers to generators and engines
better conditions, and moreover it is of great advantage in saving fuel.
the almost perfect condensation of the steam formerly lost in the atmosphere,
by, which condensation the same water nearly chemically pure and heated to the
perfect degree of temperature is continually brought back to the generator
without cost, whilst generators are at the same time completely freed from all
incrustations and the inconveniences thereof. The apparatus representeil in
Sheet 2 is like the one just described in regard to the principle of action, details,
and power, but is of cylindrical form. The cylindrical form is in many respects
preferable to the parallelopiped, but principally as regards cost of construction.
In Drawing 2, all the parts already described in the former apparatus are
represented. I have only to mention the construction and superposition of the
partition work. The partitions are circular, one half of them is provided on both
surfaces with a collar, the lower one of which is formed by a turned-up edge,
and the upper one by an adjusted band with a circular hole of eight inches in
the centre. The other half is formed with plain discs of a less diameter, ench
surface of the said partitions is provided with four hollow sockets. The upper
sockets of one of the partitions are introduced into the lower sockets of the
next partition, so as to keep them apart, and at the same time bound all
together, as if of one piece, the height of the said sockets will regulate
the distance between the two successive partitions. One plain and one per-
forated partition are successively and alternately superposed so as to secure
passages for the steam to circulate and spread itself successively through
every part of the apparatus in order to heat both the upper and lower
surfaces of the partitions, and so as to produce the same result as described in
the former apparatus.
The shelves or brackets h, shown in apparatus No. 1, for supporting and
keeping apart the partitions, are omitted in this arrangement, as the par-
titions are supported and kept apart by the hollow sockets.
The Drawing No. 3 represent an apparatus for purifying the water intended
to feed a generator, producing at the same time the lowest condensation pos-

page_text: sible of the steam escaping from the steam engine.
To this end the reservoir
B (Drawing No. 1 is provided with a jacket C, secured at the bottom so as to
form a space of six inches in width between the exterior surfaces of the
reservoir B and the interior side surfaces of the jacket C. The upper part
of the jacket C rises about eighteen inches above the cover of the reservoir
B, and the said jacket is of itself closed at its upper part by a cover fitted to
The
the jacket by means of bolts and flanges, or any other suitable means.
cold water sucked up by the pump, or running off from an upper tank, is
conveyed into the apparatus, to be there purified, passing through the pipe a
into the empty space formed between the side surfaces of the reservoir B
and the jacket C; it rises up to the excess water passage or chamber g, which
forms its normal level. The steam as aforesaid enters through b, heats, in its
passage along the inside of the reservoir B, the two surfaces of every partition,
and finally escapes through C. The water surrounding the reservoir B
like a refrigerator, so that the steam which touches the inside surfaces of the
reservoir B is for the most part condensed without the heat required for
purifying the water by heating the partitions being in any way modified or
lessened. In this manner the apparatus answers a double purpose; it con-
denses for the most part the escaping or waste steam, and returns it as
perfectly purified water to the generator, at the same time purifying in a
continuous and easy manner the amount of water required for supplying the
generator, the quantity of which is very small. The other parts of this
apparatus are in regard to forms and functions exactly the same as those
above described. The same apparatus may also be constructed of a cylindrical
In
form, like the one represented in Sheet 2, and for the same purposes.
conclusion, with reference to the third apparatus, I may observe, that by
its form and arrangement it is especially applicable to locomotive and portable
engines.
The different constructions of apparatus just described are chiefly and
advantageously applied to high-pressure engines which do not condense, and
in which the steam escapes directly from the cylinder into the atmosphere
The apparatus, Sheet 4,.is applicable to low-pressure or condensing engines
or to generators without engines, such apparatus to be placed so that it may
be near the generator with its bottom at same height as the water guage. Th
pipe b is forked, as shown in the Drawing, Sheet 4, for distributing th
steam in the higher and lower part of the apparatus, which is thus brough
into direct communication with the steam chamber of the generator, so tha
the apparatus may be considered as an extension of the generator itself, con
taining at the same time the number of partitions necessary for purifying th

page_text: feeding water. The water enters the apparatus through the cock a, commu-
nicating with the force pipe of the feed pump. On its introduction it begins
to circulate on the heated partitions, and is conveyed through d into the lower
part of the generator, which is itself put in communication by another pipe
with the pipe a. It has been already said that the apparatus forms an integral
part of the generator, consequently its external surfaces should be thick enough
to withstand the pressure of the generator. All loss of temperature must be
prevented, therefore the apparatus should be surrounded with a casing, the
empty space between which and the external side surfaces are filled up witb
sawdust or other non-conductor of heat. The apparatus when of a parallelo-
piped form must be strengthened with stays, to prevent its bulging, and the
cover must be provided with strengthening ribs.
The apparatus is also supplied with a safety valve k and an air cock i. The
apparatus being represented in the Drawing, Sheet 4, is of one-sixth of its
real size, and will be sufficient for the feeding of a boiler from 100 to 150
horse-power. A cylindrical apparatus can be constructed upon the same.
principle at a less cost, and would afford like results.
The cover is in the Drawing designated by the letter e. I recommend the
application of the fourth apparatus to marine boilers, having care in that
case to spread upon each partition a layer of sand, in order to keep back or lodge
the salt precipitated, and, in the latter case, in order to keep the the appa-
ratus always in a vertical position, it is suspended as may be required for that
purpose. The water flowing from this apparatus is purified, and to render it
potable it will suffice to adopt a chemical filter to the pipe t. Finally, external
stays are so placed as not to interfere with the arrangement of the partitions.
The partitions have besides an identical form with those already described,
round or square, and superposed like them one above the other in the manner
shown, and have on their upper surface nine sockets like those in the
apparatus represented in Sheet 2, said sockets keeping the partitions apart,
which partitions are also kept in position by nine iron rods or uprights, which
being disposed at equal distances rise through the sockets & partitions, the
higher ends of the rods passing through the ribs of the cover, and are fixed
to them by screw nuts or other parts in form of bolts. The lid is besides
easing to keen in the boot

page_text: sheated in this extended state. 2ndly. The double traverse of the liquid
film or sheet over the two surfaces of the partitions, arranged as described,
and upon which are deposited & kept adherent all incrustations. 3rdly. The
heating of the liquid film or sheet by the direct contact of steam and on
surfaces directly heated by steam. 4thly. The condensation of the escaping
or waste steam during its continuous flow, being increased by means of the
partition work described in the interior of the apparatus, which flow is
always inversely to that of the water or current of any other liquid to be
heated.
Secondly, the application of my apparatus to arts and industry, to all steam
generators, working engines, and to other purposes, to the generation of steam
or the production of hot water, to obtaining of chemical products, to sugar
baking, brewing, distilling, to syrup & liquor trades, to baths, to washing,
tanning, dyeing, torrifying, salt and gas works, to locomotives, steamboats,
perfumery, &c.
Thirdly, the application of my apparatus to separating salt from sea.
water.
Fourthly, the general arrangement of the apparatus with its partitions, by
which a large extent of heating surface is obtained in a small compass.
Fifthly, the general arrangement of the apparatus, which permits of
obtaining nearly the entire and complete condensation of steam such as has
heretofore escaped into the atmosphere.
Sixthly, the application of my apparatus to generators for the entire pre-
vention of incrustation in steam boilers, this result never having been obtained
before, because the water was always heated in mass at once, and it was
impossible for the salts and other substances contained therein, to settle
previously to its getting into the generator.
Seventhly, the arrangement of the cage d, and its filtering apparatus made
to be easily inspected, scoured, and set up again.
Eighthly, the arrangement described & represented of the double casings
fitted to the apparatus for the purpose of condensing for the most part the
waste steam.
Ninthly, the application of my apparatus with the partition work, as
described, to any purpose whatever instead of steam. Any air or gas, heated
or not, should be introduced in order to produce concentrations, crystallisations,
evaporations, liquefactions, solidifications, calefactions, refrigerations, separa-
tions, divisions, &c., and also the right and exclusive privilege of constructing
the said apparatus as described of any other material.
Tenthly, nor do I limit myself to the forms, sizes, and arrangements, as

page_text: specified, but I claim all other arrangements which do not deviate from the
same principle, as also apparatus having the same organs, the same functions,
and producing the same results.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters. Patent, filed
by the said Jean Hénri Guillaume Daniel Wagner in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 22nd August 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN HENRI
GUILLAUME DANIEL WAGNER, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by 'Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Jean Henri Guillaume Daniel Wagner,
Her special licence, that I, the said Jean Henri Guillaume Daniel Wagner,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Jean Henri Guillaume Daniel Wagner, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"APPARATUS FOR CLEANING WATER AND REMOVING ALL MATTERS IN SUSPENSION
AND DISSOLUTION CONTAINED IN IT, WATER INTENDED TO FEED GENERATORS OF ALL
SORTS (APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES), WHICH BESIDES, PREVIOUS TO ITS
GETTING INTO THE GENERATOR, IS HEATED TO THE HIGHEST DEGREE WITHOUT ALMOST
ANY EXPENSE," upon the condition, (amongst others,) that I, the said Jean
Henri Guillaume Daniel Wagner, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Henri Guillaume Daniel Wagner,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and

page_text: by the following statement, reference being had to the four Sheets of Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say):-
My Invention refers to certain apparatus for cleaning and- removing matter
held in suspension and solution in water intended to feed steam generators
of all sorts, which apparatus is also applicable to other purposes herein-after
described.
Amongst the annexed Drawings, Sheet 1, represents the apparatus of the
most simple construction. A & B form, together with the parts herein-after
described, a plain square-shaped apparatus of plate iron (one-tenth of an inch
thick), intended to purify and filter the feed water for boilers. A is the
receiver for admitting cold water. B is the lower reservoir with sheet iron
partitions, upon which are deposited the incrusting substances. All the other
parts of which this apparatus consists are a, inlet pipe for cold water, being a
mere extension of the feeding pump pipe; g, escape for water in excess; o, a
cock for regulating the flow of water from the receiver A, which water flows
into the reservoir B; this cock is worked from the outside by means of hand
gear, with index hand moving over a divided scale on the cover; p, p, horizontal
square plate iron partition, about one twenty-fifth of an inch thick, provided
laterally with vertical pannels, and supported by brackets h, h; b, pipe being
an extension of the eduction pipe of the steam engine, and conveying the
steam into the interior of the reservoir B; c, outlet pipe for the steam which
has run through all the spaces between the successive partitions p, p, and
heating all those partitions; q, q, q, vertical ribs, about six inches high, fitted
at the bottom of the reservoir B, and intended to keep back (in cases of very
dirty water) the deposits formed to a certain amount of atoms which might
fall from the partitions p, p, and the interior walls of reservoir B, so that these
substances so retained cannot obstruct the exit pipes s and t. For similar
purposes the two lower partitions p, p, are provided on their upper surface with
several small vertical ribs; d, cast-iron cage interposed upon the outlet
pipe s, t, having internally a copper sieve 7, covered with a disc of filtering
felt, which cage forms the commencement of the exit pipe for the purified,
heated, and filtered water, and at the same time an extension of the feed pump
pipe. It is closed at its upper part by a lid well fixed by set screws, which secures
it by a cross bar clipping the flanch of the cage d. This arrangement allows
easy access to the cage d, in order to clean the filter whenever it happens that
it is obstructed by muddy deposits; 7, copper sieve covered with a felt disc in
order to keep back at the outlet from the reservoir B, the lightest floating
particles in case there has been any carried along with the water; f, guage

page_text: cock for ascertaining the level of the water in the reservoir B; h, h, four iron
brackets screwed on the inside walls of reservoir B, and supporting the par-
titions held upon horizontal supports dovetailed into the said iron brackets.
Further, the vertical pannels, side pieces, or ribs of the partitions p, p, are dis-
posed, as it were, athwart each other, in order to convey the water from an
upper partition to the next one lower down, and so to form a continuous fall
directed first to one side of the apparatus and then to the other, each drop
will run successively over the whole length of the upper and the lower surface
of each partition; these surfaces should be perfectly plain and smooth, so that
the water can divide and spread itself equally throughout the upper and lower
surfaces of each partition. In consequence of the horizontal position of the
partitions p, p, and of the extremely thin coat or film of water running
thereon, it is evident that the said film having run along the upper surface of
one partition, will afterwards in obedience to the laws of adhesion, run partly
along the lower surface of the same, and thus with one single partition, both
the heating surface and the surface to be traversed are in effect doubled, in
extent. In order to keep the partitions p, p, in good condition, and to facili-
tate their scouring, which generally should take place about every six months,
I paint or coat over their surface with a mixture of fish oil and lamp black,
which prevents the deposits from sticking fast on the surface, and makes the
scouring easier.
In starting the apparatus for the first time, it is also necessary to coat over
the partitions with the said mixture. All the joints of the apparatus are to be
made of vulcanized india-rubber bands, so that the apparatus can be taken to
pieces and put together again, and thus may be scoured with the greatest
facility and in a very short time. The apparatus which I have just described
will serve either for condensing steam or heating any liquids. Thus, for
instance, if it is desired to concentrate a syrup, I run the liquid divided in
thin continuous sheets or films throughout the surface of all the partitions,
injecting always inversely to the run of the liquid, instead of steam, a current
of air or other gas heated or not by means of an exhausting or blowing
ventilator.
I observe with regard to the working of the apparatus that cold river or
well water, however saturated it may be, will come through the pipe a into
the recipient A, there to be heated to a temperature from one hundred and
eighty or two hundred and twelve° Fahrenheit, because the steam which
passes through the pipe b and out at c, will heat the diaphragm, which answers
the double purpose of a floor to A, and a ceiling to B.
The heated water contained in the recipient A, passes afterwards into the

page_text: late 15, as aforesaid, worked Dy
a vertical rod and 'hand gear.
The water runs off through the said cock in a thin stream on to the 'first
partition heated by steam, when it spreads itself in a thin film, and runs
successively over both the upper and lower surfaces of each partition.
During this run the water is constantly boiling, and in that state arrives upon
the bottom of the reservoir B, from whence it is sucked up by the feed pump,
which conveys it into the cage d, thence to pass through the sieve r, to be
filtered and finally into the generator, heated, purified, and filtered.
It is proper that the bottom of the reservoir B should be placed at about
twenty inches above the exit valves of the feed pump, so that said valves shall
bg constantly immersed.
i
"
1
As the water flows: .to the pump freely by its own gravity, it results, as 'will
be seen from what. has been said, that the amount of water to be transmitted
from A into B is regulated by the cocko, and must be proportionate to the
amount of steam, according to the capacity of the boiler, and therefore the
hand gear is to, be regulated.according to the height of the water indicated by
the water guage, the, float,..test.cocks,, or any other indicator in the generator:
By the foregoing it will clearly appear that the water flowing in small
jets from the cock omust, spread itself in..a. thin. sheet or film, and
circulate successively on both surfaces. of each. of the partitions heated by the
steam, which in consequence of their position compel the steam to circulate
in a sheet or film through and along all the spaces divided by the successive
partitions of the reservoir B. Thus a large. heating. surface is obtained, the
heat acting upon very thin films in a small space. The escape.or. waste steam
entering the reservoir B passes off between the partitions.inversely.. to the
passage of the water, which moves very..slow;.. thus a.gradual. heating of the
feeding water is obtained under the best conditions, the hottest steam- meeting
at first the hottest water, and vice versa... The. water. spreads in very-thin
films during its whole course on the heated partitions, and is kept constantly
boiling; from this it results, that all matters, settling, whatever may be their
nature; held in suspension or in solution,, are not only. divided, but…are brought
to adhere and incrust on the partitions, which gradually deposit according-to
their density, that is to say, the .heaviest., matters. remaining on the upper
partitions and the lightest ones on, the lower partitions:
.
114 ....
At the same time that this separation takes place, the most part of the steam
passing through the interior of the reservoir, B. is condensed..on the walls; the
ceiling, and in thin sheets or film of water in the reservoir-B; consequently
not only is a certain amount. of..distilled water obtained; but the amount of
.....
***** inici

page_text: impure water is lessened, therefore the purifying process becomes simplified.
The large amount of purified water produced for the generator in this appa-
ratus may be thus exemplified:-Supposing the apparatus, such as represented
in Sheet 1, to be about one-sixth of its real size, it will have about twenty
square yards of heating surface, and will supply a sufficient quantity of water
to feed a steam engine of twenty horse-power.
IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES OF THE APPARATUS: .
1
As the water perfectly purified by the apparatus produces also a steam quite
free from impurities, I call the said apparatus hydratino purifier. For many
years chemical and other expensive means have been vainly employed in
order to obviate the inconvenience of incrustation in steam generators; even
absurd means have sometimes been tried in desperate cases, but all have been
found of little or no practical value, whilst this apparatus offers to all a sure
and efficient help, and its arrival into the industrial world will certainly be
welcomed by governments, railways, and steain navigation companies, so that it
may be said that with the hydratino purifier a new epoch is beginning for
generators, steam engines, locomotives, steamboats, and many other branches
of industry and arts; besides many dangers will be obviated; it also affords to
generators and steam engines a better condition, moreover it is of great
advantage in saving fuel. By the almost perfect condensation of the steam
formerly lost in the atmosphere, by which condensation the same water nearly
chemically pure, and heated to the highest degree of temperature, is continually
brought back to the generator without cost, whilst generators are at the same
time completely free from all incrustations and inconveniences thereof...
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The apparatus represented in Sheet 2 is like the one just described in regard
to its principle of action, details, and power, but is of a cylindrical form. The
cylindrical form is in many respects preferable to the parallelopiped, but
principally as regards the cost of its construction. In Drawing 2 all the
paris already described in the former apparatus are represented.
to mention the construction and superposition of the partition' work. The
partitions are circular, one half of them are provided on both surfaces with a
collar, the lower end of which is formed by a turned-up edge, and the upper one
by an adjusted band with a circular hole, of about eight inches in the centre;
the other half is furnished with plain 'discs, of a less diameter. Each surface
of the said partitions is provided with four hollow sockets.
The upper
sockets of one of the partitions are introduced into the lower sockets o
the next partition so as to keep them apart, and at the same time bound
1.
1.
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page_text: together as if of one piece; the height of the said sockets will regulate
the distance between the two successive partitions. One plain and one
perforated partition are successively and alternately superposed, so as to secure
passages for the steam to circulate and spread itself successively through
every part of the apparatus, in order to heat both the upper and lower
surfaces of the partitions, and so as to produce the same result as described
in the former apparatus.
The shelves or brackets h shown in apparatus No. 1, for supporting and
keeping apart the partitions, are omitted in this arrangement, as the partitions
are supported and kept apart by the hollow sockets.
The Drawing, Sheet 3, represents an apparatus for purifying the water
intended to feed a generator, producing at the same time the largest conden-
sation possible of the steam escaping from the steam engine. To this end the
reservoir B, Drawing No. 1, is provided with a jacket c, secured at bottom.so
as to form a space of about six inches in width between the exterior surface
of the reservoir B and the interior side surfaces of the jacket c.
The upper part of the jacket c rises about eighteen inches above the cover
of the reservoir B, and the said jacket is of itself closed at its upper part by
a cover fitted to the jacket by means of bolts and flanges, or any other suitable
means.
The cold water sucked up by the pump or running off from an upper tank
is conveyed into the apparatus, to be there purified, passing through the
pipe a into the empty spaces formed between the side surfaces of the reservoir
B and the jacket c, it rises up to the excess water passage or chamber g, which
forms its normal level. The steam, as aforesaid, enters through b, heats on
its way along inside of the reservoir B, the two surfaces of every partition, and
finally escapes through c.
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The water surrounding the reservoir B acts like a refrigerator, so that the
steam which touches the inside surfaces of the reservoir B is for the most
part condensed, without the heat required for purifying the water by heating
the partitions being in any way modified or lessened. In this manner the
apparatus answers a double purpose; it condenses for the most part the
escaping or waste steam, and returns it as perfectly purified water to the
generator, at the same time purifying in a continuous and easy manner
the amount of water required for supplying the generator, the quantity of.
which is very small.
The other parts of this apparatus are in regard to form and functions
exactly the same as those above described.

page_text: The same apparatus may be also constructed of a cylindrical form, like the
one represented in Sheet 2, and for the same purposes.
In conclusion, with reference to this third apparatus I may observe that by
its form and arrangement it is especially applicable to locomotive and portable
engines. The different construction of apparatus just described are chiefly
and advantageously applied to high-pressure engines, which do not condense,
and in which the steam escapes directly from the cylinder into the atmosphere.
The apparatus, Sheet 4, is applicable to low-pressure or condensing engines,
or to generators without engines, such apparatus to be placed so that it may
be near the generator, and its bottom reach the height of the water guage.
The pipe b is forked, as shown in the Drawing, No. 4, for distributing the
steam in the higher and lower parts of the apparatus, which is thus brought
into direct communication with the steam chamber of the generator, so that
the apparatus may be considered as an extension of the generator itself,
containing at the same time the number of partitions necessary for purifying
the feeding water.
The water enters the apparatus through the cock a, communicating with the
force pipe of the feed pump. On its introduction it begins to circulate on
the heated partitions, and is conveyed through d into the lower part of the
generator, which is itself put in communication by another pipe with the
pipe a. It has been already stated that the apparatus forms an integral part
of the generator, consequently its external surfaces should be thick enough
to withstand the pressure of the generator.
All loss of temperature must be prevented, therefore the apparatus should
be surrounded with a casing. the empty space between which and the external
side surfaces are filled up with sawdust or other non-conductor of heat. The
apparatus, when of a parallelopiped form, must be strengthened with stays,
to prevent its bulging, and the cover must be provided with strengthening
ribs. The apparatus is also provided with a safety valve k and an air cock i.
The apparatus being represented in the Drawing, Sheet 4. is of one-sixth
of its real size, and will be sufficient for the feeding of a boiler from one
hundred to one hundred and fifty horse-power.
A cylindrical apparatus can be constructed upon the same principle at a less
cost, and would-afford like results.
The cover is in the Drawing designated by the letter 1.
I recommend the application of the fourth apparatus to marine boilers,
having care, in the latter case, to spread upon each partition a layer of sand,
in order to keep back or lodge the salt precipitated, and in order to keep the

page_text: apparatus always in a vertical position, it is suspended as may be required for
that purpose. The water flowing from this apparatus is so purified that
to render it potable and palatable it will suffice to adopt a chemical filter to
the pipe t.
Finally, internal stays are so placed as not to interfere with the arrange-
ment of the partitions. The partitions have besides an identical form with
those already described, round or square, and superposed like them one above
another, in the manner shown, and have at their upper surface only nine
sockets, like those in the apparatus represented in Sheet 2, said sockets
keeping the partitions apart, which partitions are also kept in position by nine
iron rods or uprights, which being disposed at equal distances rise through
the sockets and partitions, the higher ends of the rods passing through the
ribs of the cover, and are fixed to those by screw nuts or other suitable
fixtures, so that the rods form bolts. The lid is besides protected by a casing,
to keep in the heat.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention, to be protected by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the application of the principles upon which is based the construction
of the apparatus described, that is to say:-1st. The subdivision of the water
to be purified into thin continuous sheets or films of indefinite length, to be
heated in this extended state. 2ndly. The double traverse of the liquid film
or sheet over the two surfaces of the partitions, arranged as described, and
upon which are deposited and kept adherent all incrustations. 3rdly. The
heating of the liquid film or sheet by the direct contact of steam and on
surfaces directly heated by steam. 4thly. The condensation of the escaping
or waste steam during its continuous flow, being increased by means of the
partition work described in the interior of the apparatus, which flow is always.
inversely to that of the water current or of any other liquid to be heated.
Secondly, the application of my apparatus to arts and industry, to all steam
generators, working engines, and to other purposes, to the generation of steam
or the production of hot water, to obtaining chemical products, to sugar
baking, brewing, distilling, to syrup and liquor trades, to baths, to washing,
tanning, dyeing, torrifying, salt and gas works, to locomotives, steam boats,
perfumery, &c.
Thirdly, the application of my apparatus to separating salt from sea water.
Fourthly, the general arrangement of the apparatus with its partitions, by
which a large heating surface is obtained in a small compass.

page_text: Fifthly, the general arrangement of the apparatus, which permits of
obtaining nearly the entire and complete condensation of the steam heretofore
escaping into the atmosphere.
Sixthly, the application of my apparatus to generators for the entire
prevention of crustation in them; this result never having been before
obtained, because the water was always heated in mass at once, and it was
impossible for the salts and other substances contained therein to settle
previously to getting into the generator.
Seventhly, the arrangement of the cage d and its filtering apparatus, made
to be easily inspected, scoured, and set up again.
Eighthly, the arrangement as described and represented of the double
casings, fitted to the apparatus for the purpose of condensing for the most
part the waste steam.
Ninthly, the application of my apparatus with the partition work, as
described, to any purpose whatever; instead of steam, any air, or gas, heated
or not, may be introduced in order to produce concentrations, crystallisations,
evaporations, liquefactions, solidifications, calefactions, refrigerations, separa-
tions, divisions, &c., and also the right and exclusive privilege of constructing
the said apparatus, as described, of any other form or material.
Tenthly, I claim all other arrangements which do not deviate from the
principle involved, as also apparatus having the same parts performing the
same functions, and producing the same results.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Henri Guillaume Daniel Wagner,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.