IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUISING OR REDUCING GRAIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lorenzo Tindall, of Scarborough, in the County of
York, Ironmonger, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUISING OR
REDUCING GRAIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 12th December 1854, and dated the 8th July 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lorenzo Tindall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
July 1854.
I, LORENZO TINDALL, of Scarborough, in the County of York, Ironmonger,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRUISING OR REDUCING GRAIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of apparatus for bruising or
reducing grain, such as oats, for example, and other substances. This appa-
ratus consists of a cylinder or roller revolving in contact, or nearly so, with a
fixed feeding and bruising bar. The cylinder surface is formed with angular
edges set ratchet-wise and parallel to its axis, and these edges carry down
the grain to the bruising bar. The bruising bar is formed with a smooth face
at its upper part inclined towards the cylinder, whilst at its under part a

page_text: serrated plate or row of teeth project beyond the inclined face towards the
cylinder. The distance of the bruising bar from the cylinder surface is regu-
lated by the degree of treatment to which the grain is to be subjected, and the
angular edges of the roller as well as the serrations of the bruising bar are
made finer or coarser, according to the character of the grain which the machine
has to treat. The details are fitted in a suitable casing and mounted upon a
stand, the cylinder being worked by an external winch handle fixed on its
spindle, which also carries a fly wheel to equalise the motion. A hopper is
provided for feeding in the grain, as well as a duct for carrying off the
treated grain, and a brush.is arranged to act on the grooved cylinder at any
convenient part, so as to clear off the bruised grain from the angular edges.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Lorenzo Tindall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th January 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LORENZO
TINDALL, of Scarborough, in the County of York, Ironmonger, send "greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Lorenzo Tindall, Her special license that I, the said Lorenzo Tindall, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Lorenzo
Tindall, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUISING
OR REDUCING GRAIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Lorenzo Tindall, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Lorenzo Tindall, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,

page_text: to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of machinery
or apparatus to be used for bruising or reducing grain, as oats, for example, and
other substances; the essential object of my Invention being the production of
a cheap and simple machine, possessing at the same time a peculiarly efficient
bruising or crushing action, with superior ease in working. The machine
under one convenient form consists of an open rectangular frame, supporting a
horizontal bruising cylinder or roller, which revolves in close contact with a
stationary grain feeding and bruising bar. The periphery of the crushing
cylinder is formed with angular ribs, set ratchet-wise and parallel to the
cylinder's axis. These ribs carry down the grain from above to the bruising
bar, which is formed with a smooth face at its upper part, having an inclined
curve towards the cylinder, whilst at the bottom is a serrated plate, or a row
of teeth projecting beyond the inclined face and reaching close up to the
cylinder. The grain to be bruised is fed into the machine by an over-head
hopper or pyramidal receiver, and as the cylinder revolves, its ribbed surface
seizes and carries down the grain, bruising it against the bar's edge.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed to describe the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings
hereunto attached.
i
Figure 1 on my Sheet of Drawings is a complete side elevation of the
machine under the form which I at present prefer, the bruising details being
herein represented in transverse vertical section; Figure 2 is a corresponding
front elevation, taken at right angles to Figure 1, and showing the feed hopper
and crushing case in vertical section; Figure 3 is a plan of the machine with
the crushing case in horizontal section, to show the bruising details in plan;
Figure 4 is a plan of the stationary crushing bar, as enlarged to twice the size
of the corresponding part in the other Figures. The framework is of the usual
kind employed in machinery of this general class. It consists of the four
inclined timber legs A, suitably connected by cross pieces near the bottom and
at the top by the square head platform frame B. This top frame B carries
upon it an iron base plate C, firmly bolted down, and having cast upon it the
two journal pedestals D, for supporting the main horizontal driving shaft or
spindle E. This shaft is actuated by a winch handle F attached at one end,
whilst it carries at the other end a fly wheel G to steady the action. The
bruising cylinder H is of cast iron, cast or otherwise formed with parallel
inclined angular ribs I, like long ratchet teeth. It is contained within the

page_text: wooden case J, resting upon the plate. C, the two square flat ends of the
cylinder being set to bear close up to the opposite inner sides of the case.
This bruising case is rectangular on one side and curved on the other, to con-
form to the cylinder, and it is surmounted by the feeding hopper K, the lower
end of which opens into the upper side of the bruising case by a thoroughfare
The part of
at L, extending across the entire width of the chamber or case.
the latter beneath the hopper is formed with a projecting rectangular case or
recess M, to contain the stationary metal bruising bar N, formed with end
flange pieces, having clongated transverse holes o in them. These holes o are
to receive bolts fitted with nuts on their upper ends, for the purpose of
tightening the bar firmly in position when set to the required relation with the
cylinder. This adjustment is effected as required with great nicety by means
of the thumb screws P, turned and fitted with plain collars to work freely in the
solid eye bearings Q, cast on the plate C. The screwed ends of the thumb screws
pass through the side of the part M of the bruising chamber, and enter screwed
apertures in the bar N, so that when the bar is to be set, the holding down
nuts are slackened off, when their slots o will allow of the horizontal traverse
of the bar N as urged back or forward by the action of the thumb screws.
In this way the stationary bar can be adjusted with its acting edge as close to
the cylinder's periphery as may be necessary with the greatest possible accuracy.
with
The bar N is curved out along its inner side, to coincide at its upper part
the opening L from the hopper, and thus allow for the descent of the grain
into the space R between the curved surface of the bar and the cylinder. In
this modification of the bar N, its lower edge is formed with a series of serra-
tions, or duplex angularities or projections, as at S; hence, as the cylinder H
rotates, its angular ribs successively carry down portions of the grain which
cannot escape from the curved recess of the bar N. As the grains are thus
taken down, they are brought into forcible contact with the serrations or saw-
Jike teeth of the bar N; and as these serrations or teeth are set close up to
the periphery of the cylinder, each individual grain is crushed and torn asunder
in passing through between the fixed and stationary surfaces. As the bar N
is set accurately parallel with the cylinder's axis, not a grain can escape without
being completely torn or severed, so as to expose the interior thereof. The
discharged grain, in its completely bruised condition, falls from the crushing
action down into the receiving channel T, and thence along the inclined dis-
charger U, to whatever receptacle may be placed beneath. To keep the cylinder
clear of adhering particles of grain, a horizontal brush V is fitted up above the
cylinder II. This brush, which commands the entire length of the cylinder, is
screwed to the free projecting end of a curved lever piece W, the opposite

page_text: bottom end of which is set on a stationary stud centre X, carried by the plate
C. At Y is a small handle, projecting through the curved cover of the bruising
chaniber, and hinged at its inner end to the lever piece W of the brush. This
is for adjusting the brush to apply more or less frictional clearing pressure to
the bruising cylinder, the handle having cross pins, notches, or other con-
trivances for setting the brush at the intended height. In using this machine
for crushing grain of all kinds, nothing more is necessary than to supply the
grain to the hopper or feeder K, the discharge from which is regulated by a
slide inside the hopper, and then turn the winch handle F. The stationary
bar N is set nearer to or further from the crushing cylinder, to suit the kind
of grain or other substance which is to be crushed or reduced, and this adjust-
ment, as I have herein-before shown, can be easily and accurately effected..
Another means of regulation or adjustment exists in the ribs of the cylinder
and the serrations of the stationary plate, both of which are to be made of tho
proper pitch or relative fineness to suit the matters to be subjected to their
action. Although particularly well adapted for reducing corn for horse keep,
machines of this class will most effectively grind linseed, barley, pease, beans,
coffee, and other granular matters. The machine may be driven either by a
winch handle set directly upon the cylinder spindle, or by a similar winch set
upon the shaft of a pinion, which gears into a spur wheel on the crushing
spindle. Or, instead of either of these plans, the crushing cylinder may be
driven by steam or other mechanical power.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself
to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe
or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles cr main features of my Invention; but what I consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery, apparatus,
or means to be used for bruising or reducing grain and other substances, as
herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of bruising or reducing grain and other matters
by means of a ribbed or serrated cylinder working in contiguity with an
adjustable serrated bar.
Third, the system or mode of guiding or directing the grain down to the
disintegrating surfaces, by means of a recessed or inclined bar or guide surface, -
as herein-before described.

page_text: Fourth, the application and use of a holding recess or space for keeping the
grain or other substance being treated well up to the grinding action.
In witness whereof, I, the said Lorenzo Tindall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
LORENZO TINDALL. (L.S.)