Improvements in Machinery for Forging and Shaping Metal Articles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 25th Aug., 1893-Accepted, 28th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION..
Improvements in Machinery for Forging and Shaping Metal Articles.
I, JOSEPH JEAN BAPTISTE EMILE GENEZ of 76 Rue des Arts Levallois
Perret near Paris (Seine) in the Republic of France, Mechanical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to machinery or apparatus for forging and shaping small
articles of metal such as horse shoe and other nails, cramps, spikes, wood screws,
and the like requiring to be made of metal of such a nature and presenting such
strength or resistance that they cannot be obtained of good quality by a stamping
or cutting process but require to be made by a regular forging and shaping
operation.
This improved machinery has moreover the advantage of turning out the articles'
in a finished state thus diminishing the number of manipulations required when a
series of separate machines is employed to perform the different mechanical
operations.
The mechanism is characterized by the fact that the blanks or pieces of metal
operated on are carried to the tools which successively shape them and which are
arranged in a circle so that the blanks are enabled to travel in a circular path and
if necessary partake at the same time of a rotary motion on their own axes in
such a manner as to present all the sides or facets of the articles to the different
tools.
A special arrangement is provided for feeding and cutting up the material to be
worked the said material being in the form of a continuous bar either in a heated
or cold condition.
Means or tools are also provided for upsetting the metal and safety appliances
are employed for preventing accidents as hereinafter explained.
In carrying out this invention in the construction of machinery for making horse
shoe nails for example the machine is constructed with a lower frame provided with
bearings for the driving shaft and with a stationary circular table supported by
columns or pillars on the said frame. On this table are arranged in a circle all the
tools employed for forging and shaping the articles.
An upper moveable plate is keyed on a vertical shaft passing through the lower
frame and table. On this plate are supported radially in a circle and at equal
distance apart a series of grippers which present the blanks to be worked to the
tools fixed on the circular table.
A drop hammer or stamp worked by a spring is arranged on a separate frame at
the side of the main frame.
The driving power imparted to a pulley on the shaft is transmitted on the other
side of the frame to two shafts, arranged one above the other, by means of toothed
wheels. The lower shaft is provided with the following devices viz. :-
(1.) A cam imparting a vertically reciprocating movement by means of a bell
crank lever to a vertical shaft carrying the upper moveable plate.
(2.) A grooved cam imparting to the said vertical shaft an intermittent rotary
movement by means of a pin wheel.
(3.) A cam imparting motion to the stamping and cutting tools.
(4.) A cam imparting a horizontal reciprocating motion to the matrix or anvil of
the hammer by means of a forked lever.
xod
(5.) A snail cam which raises the hammer by means of a lever and connecting
.

page_text: The upper shaft is provided with the following devices vizt.
1. A cam giving vertical movement to the plate which imparts movement to the
shaping rolls.
2. A bevel pinion gearing with a corresponding pinion imparting motion to an
oblique shaft provided with two grooved cams vizt.
(1.) A cam imparting a reciprocating movement to a carriage carrying shears for
cutting off the lengths of metal forming the blanks.
(2.) A cam operating the moving blade of the said shears.
The upper moveable plate carrying the grippers being keyed onto the vertical
shaft has a double or compound movement riz. :-
(1.) An alternate upward and downward movement for the purpose of engaging
the articles to be worked in the various tools on the circular table in the descent
and in the rising movement disengaging the said articles from the tools after they
have been shaped or forged in order to permit of the rotating movement of the
plate or support...
(2.) An intermittent rotary motion imparted by the grooved cam by means of
the pin wheel hereinbefore referred to provided with a number of pins provided
with rollers and corresponding to the number of grippers. These pins engage with
a cam provided with a groove presenting a straight portion terminated on each side
in a curve so that when one of the rollers on the disc is leaving the cam the
succeeding roller is engaged on the other side and continues the movement of the
disc. The straight part of the cam corresponds with the stoppage of the rotary
motion of the disc and of the upper plate carrying the grippers. The rotary
motion has the effect of carrying the blanks held by the grippers from one tool to
another. The stoppage corresponds with the period occupied by the action of the
tools.
In addition to the two movements of the gripper plate, the grippers partake of a
movement peculiar to themselves and which has the effect of presenting the blanks
to the tools on every side so as to enable them to be acted upon in several different
directions. This movement is obtained by means of a large toothed wheel placed
upon the vertical shaft and ascending and descending with the latter but being
incapable of rotating as it is guided by the stationary circular table. Pinions fixed
upon the tubular or hollow shafts of the grippers travel round this wheel.
The pinions being connected with the grippers are carried round with the gripper
plate in its intermittent rotary motion and by rolling upon the fixed gear wheel
cause the grippers to describe a rotary motion. By removing the teeth from a
portion of the wheel the movement may be rendered intermittent.
The grippers are provided with moveable jaws placed upon a support attached to
a vertical tube. The jaws are controlled by a wedge or block provided with
inclines and sliding upon the tubular axis being guided by a pin passing through
the said axis. This block holds open the two jaws of the grippers by a hooking
action and also maintains them closed by a wedging action when required a spring
inside the tube being constantly pressed upon the block but allowing the gripper to
move vertically.
When the gripper has closed upon the blank it does not open again until the
performance of the last operation which consists in forming the head of the nail
whilst the gripper is inserted into the matrix.
A rod or wire of suitable size corresponding to the nails to be made being
supplied in the form of a continuous piece is drawn through a furnace placed at the
side of the machine and, in passing out of the furnace is drawn under a clamping
device which prevents it from moving backwards the rod being guided into the
opening in the fixed blade of the shears.
A carrier which slides under the circular table receives a reciprocating movement
from a cam on the oblique shaft through a lever transmitting the movement through
flexible or
yielding connections enabling the carrier to be rocked in both directions
by the aid of pins capable of being adjusted according to the length of the blank
to be cut.

page_text: The carrier being brought into contact with the circular table and the movable
cutter being depressed the cam causes the carrier to move towards the furnace and
the heated rod being prevented from moving back is pushed through the fixed
cutter to the extent required for the formation of the nail.
The cam which works the movable cutter now causes the latter to rise and grip
the rod between it and the fixed cutter the movement of the cutter then stops
and the carrier returns and draws forward the cutters and the rod until it comes in
contact with the circular table at this movement the movable cutter shears off the
blank and then quickly clears the orifice in the fixed cutter in readiness for the next
operation.
When the carrier returns against the circular table the extremity of the length
of rod held in the shears is inserted into a cup which is held in a horizontal position
by a counterweight. The movable cutter when it completes the shearing actions
raises the cup in the direction of its rotation. The cut length projects beyond the
edge of the cup to the extent required to enable it to be received by the jaws of
the gripper. When the gripper after its rotary motions descends in order to lay
hold of the blank an arm which descends at the same time as the gripper come in
contact with a lever fixed upon the axis of the cup and causes it to describe a
quarter of a revolution so as to present the cut rod to the gripper in a vertical
position the said gripper having been previously opened automatically in the
preceding operation.
Two inclines arranged upon the support of the cup cause the jaws of the gripper
to close automatically at the end of its descending movement the jaws of the
grippers being maintained closed by the sliding block or wedge acted on by the
internal spring of the gripper. The gripper then rises with the upper plate in
order to carry the blank to the succeeding tools and the cup is brought back to the
horizontal position by the action of the counterweight. The two positions
(horizontal and vertical) of the cup are regulated by two moveable stops.
The blank held by the gripper is now presented to the first tool. Upon the
circular table are arranged several rolling apparatus which roll the sides and edges
of the blank alternately. Each apparatus is composed of two adjustable sliding
supports fixed on the circular table and two segments or portions of cylinders and
receives motion from the moveable plate which is moved in a vertical direction by
a cam. The segments or portions of cylinders constituting a rolling apparatus are
worked by two different arrangements hereinafter described according as they are
of long or short radius.
The segments of long radius having a small angular motion are moved by forked
links connected to a rod attached to the vertically reciprocating table.
The grippers in descending come in contact with the rolling segments; the nail
is then ready for rolling and the vertical movement of the plate causes the segments
to rock upon their axes and compress the blank between them with a rolling action.
When the segments have completed their stroke the grippers continue their
ascending movement and after describing a rotary motion on their axes present the
nail to the next rolling apparatus. During this time the segments are lowered so
as to place them in readiness for rolling the succeeding blank. The form of the
segments corresponds with that of the nail. In the case of horse shoe nails the
shank being taper it suffices to make the outer part of the segments eccentric to an
extent corresponding to half the difference in the thickness at opposite ends of the
taper. In the case of other articles the form of the segments varies according to
the nature of the article to be manufactured.
The nails requiring to be rolled in both directions (or on the sides and edges)
and all the rolling apparatus being arranged in the same direction it is necessary
that at each operation the grippers carrying the nails should describe a fraction of
a revolution according to the number of rolls employed.
The flat part of the shank of the nail can be rolled by plain segments or cylinders
but in order to roll the edges of the nail the rolling devices may be provided with

page_text: grooves o Suitable form according to the nature and shape of the nail to be
manufactured.
Each rolling apparatus is provided with two screws enabling the two segments to
be adjusted according to the thickness of the blanks.
In the case of rolling apparatus of short radius each portion of the roll or
cylinder performing a considerable angular movement is provided with a pinion.
These pinions do not gear together one being placed on the right and the other on
the left side of the apparatus but gear with separate wheels provided with teeth on
the whole or part of their peripheries being loose upon a shaft attached to the
support. These wheels are caused to rotate in opposite directions by connecting
rods or links connected to a rod attached to the vertically reciprocating plate. The
wheels may be fixed upon two separate shafts which may either be in the same line
or may be parallel with one another. In the latter case the wheels are made in the
form of segments provided with recesses for the passage of the shaft of the adjacent
wheel.
The rotary motion may be imparted to the wheels by providing the studs or
crank pins with bearings sliding in a guide in the horizontal part of a T shaped
head attached to the vertically reciprocating rod.
These rods may be arranged between two adjacent rolling devices so as to enable
one rod to act upon the pins of four crank arms. This enables the parts to be
protected from dust by placing them underneath the solid part of the plate or
table.
In making certain articles for which it would not be practicable to make the
necessary grooves in the segments the rolling segment is provided with a counter
part having the profile of the piece of the article to be rolled; this counterpart is
constantly pressed against a roller working on a fixed pin and which causes the
segment to perform the reproducing action.
The stem of the forked rods working the segments is provided with a safety
arrangement for preventing accidents in working the rolling apparatus either
during the ascent or descent.
The arrangement is comprised of a spring bolt arranged at right angles to the
rod and provided with two inclined surfaces on its extremity. The inclines on the
end of this bolt engage with a corresponding recess in the rod.
When excessive pressure is produced between the rolling segments the bolt
yields and no movement being imparted to the segments they are protected from
breakage.
.
Following the rolling apparatus there are provided upon the circular table two
other tools vizt. a stamping tool and a cutting tool (for the point.) These tools are
composed of a matrix and a die. The matrices are firmly secured to the table but
the dies are attached to slides working on the said table. These dies are moved
by eccentrics fixed on shafts provided underneath the table with a pinion engaging
with a wheel upon a vertical shaft provided at its lower extremity with a crank arm
carrying a roller engaging with a cam on the lower shaft which cam works the two
stamping and cutting tools simultaneously.
The head of the nail is formed by a hammer carrying a counter matrix or die.
This hammer is elevated by the snail cam acting on.a lever and connecting rod and
is brought down by a spring. The frame of the hammer is independent of the
frame of the machine to which it is attached by yielding or flexible connections.
The blank being brought up by the gripper the wedge or sliding block or collar
on the gripper comes in contact in descending with a fixed stop provided with
internal inclines which cause the jaws to open and drop the blank into the recess or
orifice of the matrix. The jaws being open the sliding block impelled by the
spring inside the tube engages with the tails of the jaws in such a manner as to
hold the jaws open in readiness for receiving a fresh blank.
A flexible or yielding arm attached to the gear wheel actuating the grippers
ensures the opening and closing of the latter.

page_text: The hammer being situated outside the path of the grippers the matrix carrying
the blank being connected to the upper extremity of a lever worked by a cam slides
longitudinally upon a table in order to bring the nail under the hammer. A special
arrangement is provided for enabling the travel of the matrix to be regulated
between two adjustable stops. This arrangement consists of a segment keyed upon
the shaft of the forked lever worked by the cam, this segment is provided with an
angular notch engaging with a spring bolt inserted in the lever. When the matrix
comes in contact with the stop at the end of its stroke the said bolt yields and
allows the segment to continue its movement.
When the matrix is in the proper position under the hammer the latter descends
and forms the head of the nail after which the hammer immediately rises and the
matrix returns in order to receive a fresh blank from the grippers. In returning
two ratchets or projections on the matrix engage with stationary teeth fixed on the
guide and cause the matrix to turn over or describe half a revolution so as to
present the second recess to the gripper which is ready to deposit a nail therein.
The yielding arm which causes the gripper to descend is provided with a heel or
projection which pushes the finished nail out of the matrix into a shoot which
conducts it to a suitable receptacle.
The jaws of the grippers are hinged to a support forming a double joint.
In certain cases the operation of stamping by striking may be dispensed with
altogether or another operation such as moulding by pressure or with a rolling
action may be substituted therefor.
Dated this 25th day of November 1892.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co..
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Forging and Shaping Metal Articles.
I, JOSEPH JEAN BAPTISTE EMILE GENEZ of 76 Rue des Arts Levallois Perret
near Paris (Seine) in the Republic of France Mechanical Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this. invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to machinery or apparatus for forging and shaping small
articles of metal such as horse shoe and other nails, cramps spikes, wood screws
and the like which owing to the nature of the metal and the conditions which
they are required to fulfil cannot be obtained of good quality by a mere
stamping or cutting process but require to be made by a regular forging and shaping
operation.
This improved machinery has moreover the advantage of turning out the articles
in a completely finished state and thus diminishing the number of manipulations
required when a series of separate machines is employed to perform the different
mechanical operations:
In a machine constructed according to my invention the blanks or pieces of
metal operated on are carried to the tools which successively shape them and which
are arranged in a circle so that the blanks are enabled to travel in a circular path
and if necessary partake at the same time of a rotary motion on their own axes in
such a manner as to present all the sides or facets of the articles to the different
tools which act upon them in succession.
As a corollary to this general arrangement it is necessary to provide the following
arrangement viz. :-
1. A special arrangement for feeding and cutting up the material to be worked
the said material being supplied to the machine in the form of a continuous wire or
bar either in a heated or cold condition.

page_text: ..
2. An arrangement for shaping by upsetting the metal.
3. Various safety appliances for preventing accidents during the working of the
apparatus or machinery.
And in order that my said invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the
several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
The said drawings illustrate an example of a machine or apparatus according to
iny invention for forging and shaping horse shoe nails the material being taken in
the form of a continuous heated rod and the nails being delivered from the machine
completely finished.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical section showing the
general arrangement of the machine the section being taken on the line 1-2
Figure 2. Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the same on the line 3-4 Figure 1.
Figure 3 represents the machine in vertical section taken along the line 5-6
Figure 4, and Figure 4 illustrates the machine in a horizontal section taken on
the line 7-8 Figure 1.
Figures 5, 9 and 10 illustrate cams by which motion is imparted to certain parts
of the mechanism as hereinafter described.
Figure 6 represents in vertical section a detail of the grippers or instrument
by which the blank is presented to the rolling and shaping tools.
Figure 7 illustrates in vertical section the mechanism by which the blanks when
severed from the bar are presented to the grippers. Figure 7 illustrates a part of
this mechanism in elevation and Figures 8 and 8 illustrate this mechanism in
elevation and in plan respectively.
Figure 11 represents partly in section a cam and lever employed for actuating
the hammer.
Figure 12 represents in horizontal section the stamping and cutting tools
employed in forming the point of the nail.
Figure 13 represents the stamping mechanism in vertical section and Figure 13ª
is a similar view illustrating the construction of the cutting tool.
Figures 14 and 14ª illustrate in vertical section (the section in Figure 14 being
taken in a plane at right angles to the plane of the section in Figure 14^,) the
hammer and matrix for forming the head of the nail.
Figures 15 and 16 illustrate in vertical section the said matrix shewing the
grippers and nail in two different positions.
Figures 17 and 18 illustrate in vertical and horizontal section respectively the
rolling apparatus employed for shaping the shank of the nail.
Figures 19 and 20 illustrate in vertical section and in plan respectively another
arrangement of the mechanism employed for transmitting motion to the said rolling
apparatus.
Figure 21 illustrates in plan another arrangement of the said mechanism and
Figure 22 illustrates a detail connected therewith.
Figures 23 and 23* illustrate in vertical section and in plan respectively another
arrangement of the mechanism for transmitting motion to the rolling apparatus and
Figure 23B is a detail connected therewith.
viz.
The frame or supports of the mechanism consist chiefly of the following parts
(1.) A lower frame A Figures 1, 2 3 and 4 supporting all the moving parts and
the driving shaft.
(2.) A circular table B connected to the frame A by columns or pillars. On this
table are arranged in a circle all the tools employed for forging and shaping the
articles.
(3.) An upper movable plate C hereinafter referred to as the gripper plate is
keyed on a vertical shaft passing through the frame and table. On this plate are
supported radially in a circle and at equal distances apart grippers P which present
the blanks to be worked to the tools on the circular table B.

page_text: (4.) A drop hammer or stamp D worked by a spring and arranged on a separate
frame or support D' which is entirely independent of the main part of the
machine.
The driving power imparted to a pulley E keyed on a shaft a is transmitted on
the other side of the frame to two shafts b and c by means of the toothed
wheels a b¹ and c¹.
The shaft (Figure 1) is provided with the following devices viz. :—
(1.) A cam F imparting a vertically reciprocating movenient by means of a
bell crank lever G (Figure 3) to a vertical shaft d carrying the gripper plate (.
(2.) A grooved cam H imparting to the said vertical shaft dan intermittent
rotary movement by means of a wheel J provided with pins engaging with the
groove of the cam H.
(3.) A cam K imparting motion to a stamping tool L (Figure 2) and to a tool M
for cutting out the points of the nails as hereinafter explained.
(4.) A cam N imparting a horizontal reciprocating motion to the matrix or
anvil e of a hammer D by means of a forked lever f.
(5.) A snail cam O (Figures 1 and 11) which raises the drop hammer or stamp D
by means of a lever 9 and connecting rod h.
The upper shaft e is provided with the following devices viz. :-
(1.) A cam Qgiving vertical movement to the plate R which imparts movement
as hereinafter described to all the rolls or rolling mechanism.
(2.) A bevel pinion gearing with a pinion imparting motion to an oblique
shaft (Figures 3 and 4) this oblique shaft i is provided with two grooved cams
viz.:-
(1.) A cam S (Figure 9) imparting a reciprocating horizontal movement to a
carriage (Figures 2 and 7) carrying shears & for cutting off the lengths of rod
forming the blanks.
(2.) A cam T (Figure 10) imparting a reciprocating vertical movement to the
moving blade of the said shears.
The upper or gripper plate C carrying the grippers P being keyed onto the
vertical shaft d has a double or compound movement viz. :-.
(1.) An alternate upward and downward movement imparted to it by the cam F.
The object of this movement is to engage the articles to be worked in the various
tools on the circular table in the descent and in the ascending movement to
disengage the said articles from the tools after they have been shaped or forged in
order to permit of the rotating movement of the plate or support.
(2.) An intermittent rotary motion imparted by the grooved cam H by means
of the pin wheel or disc J which is provided at its circumference with a number
of pins provided with rollers and corresponding to the number of grippers.
The cam H rotates continuously and is provided on its circumference with a
groove as illustrated in Figure 5 presenting a straight portion terminated on each
side in a curve so that when one of the rollers on the disc J is on the point of
leaving the cam H the succeeding roller is engaged on the other side and continues
the movement of the disc. The straight part of the cam corresponds with the
dwell or stoppage of the rotary motion of the disc J and of the upper plate C. The
rotary motion has the effect of carrying the blanks held by the grippers P from
one tool to another. The stoppage corresponds with the period occupied by the
action of the tools.
In addition to the two movements of the plate C the grippers partake of a move-
ment peculiar to themselves and which has the effect of partially rotating or
turning over the blanks so as to enable them to be rolled or acted upon on every
side. This movement is obtained by means of a large toothed wheel U (Figure 1)
placed upon the vertical shaft d and ascending and descending with the latter but
which is incapable of rotating being guided by the stationary circular table B.
Pinions u fixed upon the tubular or hollow shafts u' of the grippers travel round
this wheel.

page_text: These pinions being formed in one piece with the grippers are carried round
with the gripper plate C in its intermittent rotary motion and by rolling upon the
fixed gear wheel U cause the grippers P to describe a rotary motion the amplitude
of which varies in accordance with the proportions of the wheel and pinions. By
removing the teeth from a portion of the wheel U this movement may be rendered
intermittent.
The grippers P Figure 6 are composed of the following parts viz. :
.
(1.) Two jaws n hinged upon two separate axes or pins by which they are
connected to a support o attached to the lower part of a vertical tube u. Each
jaw is provided with a tail presenting a slightly inclined surface.
(2.) A wedge or block r sliding upon the tube u being guided by a pin ² to
which it is rigidly connected and which is capable of sliding in a vertical slot in
the tube u¹. The block is provided at its upper part with lateral projections
arranged on opposite sides and its lower part is conical or taper and on each side
presents two flat surfaces inclined at an angle of about 90 degrees to one another.
This block performs two functions namely (a) it holds open the two jaws n of
the grippers when in the position indicated in Figure 14 the tails of the said jaws
being provided with inclines corresponding with the internal inclines on the wedge
or block and being pressed upwards by a spring r¹ and (b) it retains the gripper
jaws in the closed position (Figure 15) by means of its external inclines or
wedging surfaces which are forced by the action of the spring r¹ between the tails
of the jaws.
(3.) The helical spring herein before referred to placed inside the tube u¹.
This spring bears at its upper end against a key or pin by which the tube is
connected to the pinion u imparting rotary motion to the gripper and at its lower
extremity it bears upon the pin 2 connected to the block r. This arrangement of
the spring allows the block or wedge r to move vertically and retain the jaws of
the gripper either in the open or in the closed position as will be readily understood
by referring to Figures 6, 144, 15 and 16 of the drawings.
The opening and closing mechanism is hereinafter described.
The shape and configuration of the jaws and of the recesses formed therein vary
according to the shape and dimensions of the articles to be produced.
The operations to be performed in the manufacture of horse shoe nails in this
machine are as follows viz. :—
1. Automatic feeding and cutting up of the rod into short lengths suitable for
making the nails.
2. Causing the grippers to take hold of the cut lengths or blanks in order to
present them to the tools.
3. A gradual rolling action in both directions for the purpose of forging the
shank of the nail.
4. Shaping the taper of the point and cutting out the said point.
5. Forming or stamping the head of the nail.
FEEDING AND CUTTING.
A long rod or wire of suitable size corresponding to the nails to be made and
A long rod or wire of suitable size corresponding to the nails to be made and
which may be supplied in the form of a continuous piece is drawn through a
furnace placed at V Figures 2 and 7 in which it is heated to the required tempera-
ture. As it passes out of the furnace the rod is drawn under a clamping device v
Figure 7 which prevents it from moving backwards and is guided into the opening
in the fixed blade k' of the shears.
A carrier which slides under the circular table B receives a reciprocating 5
movement from the cam S on the oblique shaft i. A lever j¹ actuated by this cam
transmits the movement through flexible or yielding connections j³ Figure 7

page_text: which enable the carrier to be moved in both directions; the upper extremity of
the lever being situated between the spring connections ².
The carrier being brought into contact with the circular table and the moveable
blade & being depressed (Figure 7) the cam S causes the carrier j carrying the two
blades to move towards the furnace and the heated rod being prevented from moving
back projects beyond the fixed blade k¹ to the extent required for the formation of
the nail.
The cam T Figures 7 and 10 which works the moveable blade k now causes the
latter to ascend and grip the rod between it and the fixed blade or cutter k¹. The
forward movement of the moveable cutter then stops and the carrier ; returns and
draws forward the cutters and the rod until a shoulder on the carrier comes in
contact with the circular table B as indicated in Figure 7. At this moment the
moveable cutter k shears off the blank and then quickly clears the orifice in the
fixed cutter k¹ in readiness for the succeeding operation which is performed as
hereinbefore described.
INTRODUCTION OF THE BLANK INTO THE Grippers.
When the carrier ; returns and comes in contact with the circular table as
aforesaid, the extremity of the length of rod or blank held between the moveable
cutter k and the cutter k' is inserted into a cup I Figures 2, 7 and 8 which at this
moment is held in a horizontal position (in place of being in the vertical position
indicated in the drawing) by a counterweight which as well as the cup is fixed
upon a shaft I supported by brackets attached to the table B. The cup I normally
occupies the horizontal position and the counterweight which retains it in this
position is supported by a screw acting upon a projection on a boss q keyed upon
the shaft I. The vertical position of the cup which is necessary for it to present the
blank in the proper position for being seized by the gripper is obtained by the action
of an arm m carried by the large wheel U and which being lowered with the latter
acts upon a roller on the extremity of forked lever P2 capable of moving freely
upon the shaft of the cup and displaces this lever. The lever transmits motion
through a connecting piece and an elastic connection to the boss g and consequently
to the cup I which is caused to assume a truly vertical position by means of a
screw (Figure 74) which bears against a fixed part of the table B.
The wire being introduced into the cup when the latter is in a horizontal position
and being cut off by the shears k k projects beyond the edges of the cup to a
sufficient distance to enable the jaws of the gripper to lay hold of it.
The cut
wire or blank is moved into the vertical position herein before referred to and can
then be seized between the jaws of the gripper which have been previously
opened in order to release the article previously operated upon as hereinafter set
forth.
Under the action of the upper plate C the open jaws of the gripper take hold of
that part of the blank which projects from the cup. The jaws now require to
close upon the blank in order to remove it from the cup and carry it to the several
acting parts of the machine.
This closing action is produced by means of two inclined planes n¹ (Figs. 7, 8
and 84) projecting from the bracket supporting the cup I and acting upon the
extremities of the jaws in such a manner as to cause them to close upon the rod
or wire. The lower conical or taper part of the wedge block r acted on by the
spring then enters between the upper arms of the jaws (Figure 6) and maintains
the latter in the closed position.
The jaws of the gripper being closed and secured in the closed position the
gripper ascends along with the upper plate C in order to present the blank to the
tools. The cup being disengaged from the blank returns automatically under
the influence of the counterweight to the horizontal position and is in readiness
to receive another blank.

page_text: ROLLING.
The blank held by the gripper is now presented to the first tool. Upon the
circular table are arranged several rolling apparatus P¹ Figures 1 and 2 which
roll the sides and edges of the blank alternately. Each rolling apparatus is
composed of two adjustable sliding supports fixed on the circular table and two
segments & Figures 1 and 2 or portions of a cylinder s Figures 17, 18 and 19 which
receive motion from the plate R moved in a vertical direction by a cam Q. The
segments or portions of cylinders constituting a rolling apparatus are worked by two
different arrangements hereinafter described according as they are of long or short
radius.
The segments & Figures 1 and 2 of long radius having a small angular motion
are moved by forked links t connected to a rod u attached to the vertically
reciprocating table R.
The segments being depressed present (when the gripper is in the position
represented in Figure 1) an opening of about 10 millimetres for example. The
grippers in descending come in contact with the segments; the nail is then ready
for rolling and the plate R in ascending elevates the segments & the upper part of
which having descended below the centre line presses the neck of the nail so as to
free the head; the rolling action does not take place until the centre line has been
passed and continues until the segments have completed their stroke. When the
centres of the segments are in line the segments press upon the lower part of the
grippers and elevate them at the same time compressing the spring r¹ contained in
the tube u¹the said spring taking its bearing on the fixed key or pin³ at the
upper part which passes through the washer, the boss of the wheel u and the tube u¹
the latter being provided with a slot to enable it to move upwards and downwards
on the pin. The rolling action takes place as the gripper blanks are being raised
by the segments. When this operation has been completed the segments s being
moved with the plate R redescend to their original position whilst the gripper P is
caused to remain in the elevated position by the action of its spring and the
simultaneous rising of the plate C. The large wheel U then causes the gripper P
to describe one quarter of a revolution being at the same time moved into position
facing the succeeding tools which repeat the operation on the other sides of the
blank until the rolling process is completed.
The nails requiring to be rolled in both directions or on the sides and edges and
all the rolling apparatus being arranged in the same direction it is necessary that
at each operation the grippers carrying the nails should describe a fraction of a
revolution say one quarter or three quarters of a revolution according to the
number of tools arranged upon the circular table. This angular displacement
must of course be regulated according to the number of facets or surfaces on the
articles to be produced.
The flat part of the shank of the nail can be rolled by plain or smooth segments
or cylinders but in order to roll the edges of the nail the rolling devices may be
provided with grooves of suitable form according to the nature and shape of the
nail to be manufactured.
Each rolling apparatus is provided with two screws enabling the two segments
to be adjusted according to the thickness of the blanks and the shanks of the nails
to be rolled.
In the case of the rolling apparatus of short radius the rolls or segments of
cylinders & Figures 17 and 18 performing a considerable angular movement are
provided with. pinions 1, 1' made in one therewith or keyed upon their shafts.
These pinions do not gear together one being placed on the right and the other on
the left side of the apparatus (Figure 18) but gear with separate wheels 2, 21
provided with teeth on the whole or part of their peripheries being loose upon a
shaft 3 attached to the plate B. The wheels 2 and 2' are provided with studs or
crank pins 4, 4' connected by links 5, 5' to a vertical rod u² moving with the plate R

page_text: as hereinafter described. The wheel 21 is parallel with the wheel 2 but rotates in
the opposite direction the connecting rods 5, 5¹ being arranged on the right and on
the left respectively of a vertical line passing through the axis of the wheels as
represented in Figure 17. The wheels 2 and 21 may be fixed upon two separate
shafts 31 and 32 as indicated in Figures 19 and 20 revolving in bearings attached to
the plate B. These shafts may be in the same line (Figures 19 and 20) or they
may be parallel with one another (Figure 21). In the latter case the wheels 2
and 2 are in the form of segments provided with recesses (Figure 22) for the
passage of the shaft 31 and 32.
The links 5 and 51 may be dispensed with by providing the studs 4 and 4¹ with
bearings 6 and 6' (Figure 19) sliding in a horizontal guide provided in the upper
horizontal part of a T shaped or cross head 7 attached to the vertically
reciprocating rod u³.
The rod u whether provided with the cross head 7 or with the links 5 may be
arranged between two adjacent rolling devices (Figure 20) and act upon the pins
of crank arms fixed upon the shafts 31 and 32 driving the adjacent wheels 2 and 2¹.
By means of the arrangement illustrated in Figure 21 the number of rods u² may
be reduced by one half as one rod is enabled to act upon the pins of four crank
arms either by means of cross heads 7 or links 5. The object of these two
arrangements is to enable the parts ² 4, 5 and 7 to be protected from the oxide or
dust resulting from the rolling operation by placing them underneath the solid part
of the plate or table B.
The rolling segments with long angular movement arranged as hereinbefore
described present the following advantages.
1. A strictly uniform or equal movement is imparted to both of the rolling
segments and at the same time the space between the rolls and the diameters are
enabled to be adjusted within relatively wide limits either with a view to the
employment of thicker or thinner blanks or for the purpose of compensating for
wear without preventing them from gearing correctly with the driving wheels.
2. Pinions whose radii may differ from the mean radii of the segments are enabled
to be employed.
3. As a direct consequence of the preceding advantage pinions of a larger
diameter are enabled to be employed and by these means it is rendered possible to
employ pinions fixed upon the journals of the rolls or cylinders.
The rolling segments may be driven by chains as represented in Figures 23, 234
and 23B. In this case the segments are provided with toothed or sprocket
wheels 8 on which work chains 9 carried round corresponding sprocket wheels 10
and 10 loose upon their shafts which work in bearings in a frame 11 arranged
under the table B. The frame 11 carries the two wheels 10 and 10ª and enables
the tension of the chains 9 and 9" to be regulated by means of screws 12. These
chains are connected to arms carried by a rod 13 attached to the plate R and
capable of being adjusted by means of a screw 14, the movements of the plate R
are consequently transmitted through the rod 13 and the chains 9 and 9ª to the two
segments which move simultaneously.
SAFETY ARRANGEMENT.
The vertically reciprocating rods u² working the segments are provided with a
safety arrangement for preventing accidents in working the rolling apparatus
either during the ascent or descent. This arrangement is composed of a spring
bolt 3 (Figure 1) provided with two inclined surfaces on its extremity and acted
on by a helical spring. The inclines on the end of this bolt engage with a

page_text: proper proportion
and of rolling apparatus of short radius employed upon the table R must be
regulated according to the nature of the articles to be manufactured.
STAMPING AND CUTTING.
Following the rolling apparatus there are provided upon the circular table B two
other tools viz. :
1. A stamping tool L Figures 2, 12 and 13 for forming the point and
2. A cutting tool M Figures 2, 12 and 134 for cutting out the said point and to
which the blanks are presented by the grippers P. These tools vary according to
the size of the horse shoe nails.
These tools L and M are composed of a matrix and a die of a shape corre-
sponding to the work to be performed. The matrices are firmly secured to the
table B but the dies are attached to slides working on the said table. These dies
are moved by eccentrics 1 fixed on shafts / provided underneath the table B with
pinions engaging with a wheel 13 upon a vertical shaft K¹ (Figure 3) provided at
its lower extremity with a crank arm carrying a roller engaging with the cam K
herein before referred to which works the two stamping and cutting tools
simultaneously.
STAMPING THE HEAD.
The nail being rolled and pointed is finished by forming the head. This is done
in a matrix e Figures 1, 2 and 14 by the hammer D² carrying a counter matrix or
die m'. This hammer is connected by a rod h to a lever g Figures 1 and 11
pivotted on a fixed centre g¹ on the frame A and provided with a roller bearing
upon the snail cam Ofixed upon the shaft b. A blade spring W Figure 3
compressed as the hammer is raised by the cam O causes the hammer to descend
suddenly when released.
-
The frame D' of the hammer is separated from the frame A of the machine that
is to say it is not connected thereto by any connection but is completely independent
of the said frame.
2"
The blank being brought up by the gripper P, the wedge or sliding block or
collar on the gripper comes in contact during the descent of the plate with fixed
stops Figures 15 and 16 provided with internal inclines which compel the jaws n
of the gripper to open and drop the blank into the recess or orifice of the matrix e
(Figure 16).
C
In order that the release of the jaws may take place with the required rapidity
the table B is provided opposite to the matrix e with a bracket in which is placed
a piece y Figure 14 connected to the large wheel U and acting as follows. A
helical spring y being interposed between the piece y' and a shoulder on a rody
carried by the wheel U the said spring under the influence of the downward
movement of the plate C and wheel U is compressed until its tension is greater
than that of the spring which forces the block between the jaws n of the
grippers. Under these conditions the helical spring y² presses upon the piece y¹
which by means of a projection on its upper part presses forcibly upon a lateral
projection on the part o of the tube u' thereby lowering the latter in such a manner
as to cause the arms of the jaws n to be acted on suddenly by the inclines on the
parts in order to open the said jaws.
The nail having been deposited in the matrix e the gripper ascends and its jaws
are retained in the open position by the block r the arms of the jaws being engaged
with the under side of the said block as hereinbefore explained and illustrated in
Figure 14. The gripper in this open position is then presented before the cup I
for the reception of the fresh blank. The nail deposited in the matrix e is
afterwards brought under the hammer D. For this purpose the matrix e is
carried on the upper extremity of a forked leverf (Figures 1, 14 and 14^) which

page_text: imparts to it a longitudinal movement upon the table e of the hammering
apparatus.
The said lever fis connected by a spring catch 2 to a lever f¹ actuated by the
cam N. This arrangement is provided for the purpose of avoiding any rigid
connection between the lever and the cam N so that the movement of the
matrix e being limited by adjustable stops or screws a² (Figure 14) is to a
certain extent independent of the movement produced by the cam N. The lever (1
is arranged in a forked part of the lever fand oscillates with the latter upon a
common axis supported by the frame of the hammering apparatus. When the
matrix e comes in contact with the stop the lever f' is consequently enabled to
disconnect itself from the lever f and continue its movement under the influence of
the cam N without danger of breaking any of the parts.
The matrix being pressed against the stop 2 the hammer D² descends and forms
the head of the nail after which the hammer immediately rises and the matrix e
returns to the position underneath the grippers for the reception of a fresh nail. In
returning the two ratchets or teeth z carried by the matrix e engage with two
stationary teeth z¹ fixed on the guide and cause the matrix to turn over or describe
half a revolution so as to present the second recess to the gripper which is ready to
deposit a nail therein.
The yielding arm or projection y¹ which causes the gripper to open quickly is
provided with a heel or projection at its lower part which pushes the finished nail
out of the matrix at the same time as the gripper deposits a nail in the second
recess.
The nail pushed out of the matrix falls into a shoot Z of sheet metal which
conducts it to a suitable receptacle.
The last operation of stamping by striking is not performed unless the article to
be produced has a projecting head; in certain cases it may be dispensed with
altogether or another operation such as moulding by pressure or with a rolling
action may be substituted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven- .
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
* 1. In machinery for forging and shaping metal articles the grippers P provided
with jaws hinged upon separate pins or axes for holding the blanks the said
grippers being maintained in the closed position by a spring during the whole of
the period occupied in shaping the articles substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
2. In machinery for forging and shaping metal articles the grippers P in
combination with a circular plate C partaking of a combined vertical and rotary
motion for the purpose of laying hold of the blanks and presenting them successively
to the several tools arranged in a circle upon a stationary table B substantially as
herein before described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
3. In machinery for forging and shaping metal articles the grippers P connected
to a vertically moving circular plate C in combination with a pin wheel J and with
a cam H, for the purpose of imparting to the plate C and consequently to the
grippers P holding the blanks, an intermittent rotary motion in one direction
enabling the blanks to be transferred from one tool to another and allowing each
tool sufficient time to act upon the material substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
4. In machinery for forging and shaping metal articles the grippers P connected
to a circular plate C in combination with pinions u and a toothed wheel U for the
purpose of causing the blanks to rotate upon their axes and present different sides
to the several tools which act upon them in succession substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
5. In machinery for forging and shaping. metal articles the grippers P connected

page_text: to a vertically moving circular-plate C in combination with a carrier j, a perforated
cutter blade ¹, a shearing blade k and a cup I all for the purpose of drawing the
rod from the heating furnace, cutting it into equal lengths and placing the cut
lengths vertically or on end in order to insert them between the jaws of the
grippers P by which they are presented to the different shaping tools substantially
as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
6. In machinery for forging and shaping metal articles the grippers P connected
to a vertically moving circular plate C in combination with rolling tools P' formed
by segments or parts of cylinders s actuated by rods or links t connected to a
vertically moving plate R common to all the tools the said segments partaking by
reason of their peculiar arrangement of an invariably equal movement with an
ascending motion imparting the required pressure to the blanks or articles to be
rolled which are presented by the grippers P substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
7. In machinery for forging and shaping metal articles the rolling segments s³
partaking of a relatively extensive angular movement being actuated by links or
rods or by slides acting upon crank pins or toothed wheels gearing with the pinions
on the said segments in the manner and for the purpose substantially as hereinbefore
set forth.
8. In machinery for forging and shaping metal articles the rolling segments s
worked by pitch chains the said chains being connected by an adjustable rod to the
plate R which imparts to them a reciprocating movement which they transmit to
the rolling segments substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
9. In machinery for forging and shaping metal articles the grippers P and
rolling apparatus P¹ in combination with a spring safety bolt us for the purpose
of preventing accidents resulting from excessive resistance during the rolling
operation substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accom-
panying drawings.
10. In machinery for forging and shaping metal articles the grippers P in
combination with means for automatically opening the same and with a matrix e
provided with two cavities and partaking of a longitudinal movement and a turning
over movement for the purpose of presenting the shaped articles to the action of a
hammer D2 for the purpose of upsetting or forming the heads of the articles
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
11. In machinery for forging and shaping metal articles the grippers P and
matrix e the latter being provided with two cavities and partaking of a turning
over motion in combination with a device for opening the grippers and pushing out
the finished articles which fall into a shoot by which they are delivered or dis-
charged from the machine substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
the accompanying drawings.
12. A machine for forming and shaping metal articles comprising the arrangements
and combinations hereinbefore described and claimed namely:-a circular table B
carrying the tools (such as feeding device, shears, rolls, stamping tools and cutting
tools) the automatically closing grippers P, a circular plate C carrying and moving
all the grippers P and raising and lowering them at the required times, a stationary
wheel U gearing with pinions u keyed upon each gripper in order to cause the
latter to rotate to the required extent to enable them to present all sides of the
blanks to the tools, a matrix.e with two relatively inverted cavities partaking of a
rectilinear movement and a turning over movement and serving to present the
blanks or articles to the finishing action of an independent hammer D2, à device for
opening the grippers P and pushing out the finished articles, a frame; cams and
gearing suitable for producing the several movements hereinbefore set forth all for
the purpose of completely forging and shaping metal articles substantially as
hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
:

page_text: 13. The arrangements and combinations of parts constituting the improvements
in machinery for forging and shaping metal articles substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 25th day of August 1893
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.