Improvements in or Applicable to Pans for Heating Oil or other Liquids, and in Apparatus for Passing Air or Gases through Liquids and Agitating Liquids in Pans and similar Vessels.
Year: 1887

page_text: Improvements in or Applicable to Pans for Heating Oil or other
Liquids, and in Apparatus for Passing Air or Gases through
Liquids and Agitating Liquids in Pans and similar Vessels.
I JOHN VEITCH WILSON of Queen Street Bradford, Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, manufacturer of lubricating oils, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly ·
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to pans for heating liquids and to apparatus for passing air or
gases through liquids and for agitating such liquids and is more particularly applicable
to pans in which lubricating oils are heated and purified by passing air or gases
through them and consists in improved arrangements or apparatus for utilizing the
passage of the air or gases to agitate, stir, mix or circulate the liquids contained in
the pan, and for preventing the oil or other liquid from being heated to a higher
temperature than required.
On the sheet of drawings appended hereunto, figure 1 shows a vertical section
through a pan fitted with my improvements and figure 2 a horizontal section of
the same.
The ordinary plan for passing air through lubricating oils in boiling pans is to
place a pipe perforated with small holes on or near the bottom of the pan and connect
this pipe to one or more vertical down pipes through which air is forced or drawn
into the perforated pipe and escapes through the holes in the pipe. By this arrange-
ment more air escapes through the holes next to the down pipe than through those
farther distant, which causes a violent agitation and rise of the liquid immediately
above the pipe but does not circulate and mix it regularly. One part of my improve-
ments relates to arrangements for preventing the violent and partial agitation of the
liquid and at the same time securing a regular and active circulation and complete
intermixture of the contents of the pan. In carrying out this part of my invention.
I close the top of the pan a by a lid to the centre of which I affix a conical pipe or
tube g with the narrow end downwards and reaching below the level of the oil.
A perforated pipe his fixed in the upper part of the pan and connected to the outlet
pipe i, which communicates with an exhaustor. Centrally with the pipe g I fix a
truncated cone with curved sides or a nozzle k, which may be supported from the
bottom of the pan by legs as shewn or by stays from the central pipe, and I make
the central pipe adjustable in length by a telescopic pipe arrangement. To the pipe g
I fix a cast iron pipe m bored internally and inside this I arrange a short pipe n turned

page_text: outside and connected to or suspended by the rod o which is screwed at the upper end.
The hand wheel p forms a nut for the rod o and rests upon the crossbar q so that by
turning the hand wheel the pipe-n can be raised or lowered. The pipe n is of such
outside diameter that it fits the narrow end of the nozzle and when lowered down upon
it, the air drawn down the pipe g in .consequence of the vacuim formed in the upper
part of the pan by the exhaustor drawing out the air and vapour above the oil will
issue from the pipe and nozzle and rise in bubbles through the liquid. When the
pipe n is raised so as to leave a passage between it and the nozzle as shewn, the air
impinging on the liquid in the lower part of the nozzle will propel the same and cause
the liquid in the upper part of the nozzle to follow, the action being similar to that of
an injector, whereby the liquid is caused to circulate through the nozzle and in the
pan as indicated by the arrows, the air rising in bubbles outside the nozzle. The
liquid is thereby circulated, stirred and mixed, without the employment of mechanical
agitators or stirrers driven by power.
In some cases the air instead of being drawn into the pipe by an exhaustor drawing
from the upper part of the pan is forced through the liquid. For this purpose an
elbow pipe is fixed over the opening in the lid above the pipe g and the rod o passed
through a stuffing box formed on the elbow pipe, the hand wheel being arranged
outside of it. The elbow pipe is connected by piping to a fan or blower of any suitable
ordinary kind and the air forced through the liquid with the same result as in the
hereinbefore described arrangement. Obviously the exhaustor is in that case omitted.
An elbow pipe similar to that last described is also used when other gases are to be
used instead of air and such gases may be drawn through the liquid by an exhaustor
connected with the upper part of the pan, or forced through it by a blower or fan
connected with the elbow pipe. The liquid in the pan is heated by steam, the pan a
being surrounded at its lower part by a jacket band steam being admitted into the
annular space between them. The second part of my improvements relates to arrange-
ments for preventing the temperature of the oil or other liquid rising higher than is
required or desirable for the purpose with which they are heated. When the temper-
ature of the oil rises higher than is required or to a degree which would injure the
quality of the oil, the usual practice is to admit cold water to the jacket and thereby
cool the contents of the pan. The rapid contraction and expansion caused by this
alternating admission of steam and water causes the joints of the pan and jacket to
become leaky. My improvement consists in fitting inside the pan a coiled pipe c
passing at d through the jacket and ate through the shell of the pan, fixed and made
tight in any suitable ordinary manner and fitted outside with inlet and outlet cocks or
valves. When it becomes necessary to reduce the temperature of the oil, water is
circulated through this pipe instead of being admitted to the jacket and the evils
resulting from the alternating admission of steam and water to the jacket are
obviated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is
Firstly, the combination of a nozzle and telescopic pipe for utilizing the air or gases
passed through liquids for the purpose of agitating, circulating, stirring or mixing
them, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
Secondly, in pans for heating oil by means of steam jackets the use of an internal
pipe for circulating water, substantially as herein before described and for the purpose
set forth.