CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING FIGURES IN RELIEVO
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOUIS
ADOLPHE. DUPERREY, of 112, Faubourg du Temple, Paris, Civil Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Eritain and Ireland, bearing 'date at Westminster, the Seventeenth day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in the thirteenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Louis Adolphe Duperrey, my exors, admors, and assigns,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Louis Adolphe Duperrey, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, and such others as I,
the said Louis Adolphe Duperrey, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man,
and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING FIGURES IN RELIEVO;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Louis
Adolphe Duperrey, should cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part' recited Letters Patent, as in

page_text: pieces uniting the frames B. L, L'; wheels communicating the motion to the
bars M, M. M, M³, bars or bands sliding within the bearers H and N, and.
communicating the motion of the sliding frame E to the sliding frame E', by
means of the parallelogram e¹, f¹, g', set on these bars. N, support in which
slide the bars M, M'. O, plate on which the model puppet holders P and q
are fixed. O, plate on which are fixed the puppet piece holders P¹ and q¹.
P and 2 puppets serving to receive the model to be reproduced. P¹ and
9', puppets serving to receive the pieces to be sculptured.. R and R¹
parallel plates, between which two spheres S roll and serve to support the
weight of the plate 01. S, spheres rolling between the plates R and R'. T.
shaft crossing from one extremity of the engine to the other, and in which a
groove is cut in all its length; that axis serves to communicate the motion to
the shafts n and n². U, cast-iron piece or tool holder serving to receive the six
cutting instruments, and the reader or guide u¹. V, frame fixed on the main
frames B, B, by means of the trunnions x, x, and screw y. The tool holder U
is fitted on this frame V by means of the rollers represented in Figures 15 and.
16, Drawing IV. ✗, bearers receiving the fulcrum shaft Y, serving to
equilibrate the tool holder U. Y, fulcrum shaft or edged knife to equilibrate
the tool holder U conjointly with the lever Z. A2, wheel serving to put in
motion the wheel B2 by means of a chain, and the tool holder axes t by a
transmission of movement. B2, wheel provided with a chain, and set on a
shaft passing through the trunnions a¹, and on which is also placed the strap.
pulley C. C, strap pulley giving motion to the axis E². D², connecting
pullies, on which passes the strap communicating the motion from the pulley
C² to the axis E2. E, shaft fixed to the frame V by means of bearings. F",
pulley set on the axis E, and communicating the rotative motion to the first
tool holder axis. G³, drum receiving the motion from the axis E³, and from
which the strap in the ascending motions of the tool holder is made to turn off..
H2, small straps serving to communicate the motion from one tool holder. axis
to another. I, five diameter pulley communicating the motion to the axis F.
Ja, intermediate pulley serving to communicate the motion from the pulley I³
to the pulley K. K2, a five diameter pulley set on the axis F. L³, a five.
diameter pulley set on the extremity of the axis Se, and serving to put in.
motion the pulley M. M2, five diameter pulley set on the end of the axis.T.
N2, lever giving motion to the screw C. 0³, treadles to set the lever N2.in
motion. P, sliding piece fixed on the frame B; it is provided with the pro-
jections serving to regulate the range which the lever N° bas to travel. q³,
small levers serving to stop separately the different motions of the machine.
I³, bar serving to raise the catches y, ys, when the screw C.is.to work by.

page_text: -hand. S, shaft set on the frame B by means of supporters; it serves to work.
by hand the screw C. T, mandrels to place the relievi or models on the
machine; see Figure 8, Drawing III. a, Figure 2 of Drawing III., is a
brass nut set on the frame holder D, and through which the screw C passes..
b, Figure 5, Drawing III., is a screw putting in motion the sliding frame E.
b', b, curves of the frames B, on which is placed the frame of the tool holder V.
c, small rollers to adjust the carriages; they are represented by Figures 8 and 9,
Drawing IV., in their natural size. e, f, g, parallelogram placed under the
carriage A, and serving to communicate the motion of the frame holder D to
the frame holder D. e, f, g, parallelogram placed under the bars M, M',
and serving to communicate the motion of the sliding frame E to the sliding
frame E. h, Figure 5, Drawing III., is the nut of the screw b. i, Figure 2
of the same Drawing, is an endless screw setting in motion the nut h. j and j',
chains communicating motion from the sliding frame E to the sliding frame E',
by means of the cog wheels K and K', on which the chains j and catch.
1, bearers by which the cog wheels K and K' are set to the frame holders D
and D¹. m, square axis passing through the wheel k, receiving motion from
the sliding frame E, and communicating it to the sliding frame E'. m',
square axis transmitting the motion to the sliding frame E¹. n, n', shafts
provided in all their length with grooves, in order that the pinions s and s¹
which slide on them should give motion to the wheels q and q', whatever may
be the position occupied by the sliding frames E and E' on the frame holders
D, D¹.
o, axis serving to receive the model to be reproduced. 0¹, axes on
which are placed the pieces to be sculptured. p and p', endless screws giving
the motion to the axes o and o¹. 7 and q', bevel wheels set at the extremity
of the endless screws p and p¹. r and r¹, pinions catching with the bevel
wheels g and q. s and s¹, pinions sliding on the axis n and n¹, and in which
are made some grooves to receive the forks of the supporters h³. t, tool
holder axes. t, cutting tools performing the work. u, square bar, which I
call guide holder. u, guide under which all the points of the model to be
reproduced by the tools are to be run over.. v, chambers provided with small
rollers, through which the guide holder u passes with facility and without jerks.
x, a¹, trunnions which support the frame V and allow the tool holder U to be
set in any oblique position. y, screws serving to fix the upper position of the
frame V on the frame B. z, motion of the rollers, by which the tool holder U
is properly set on the frame V., Figure 15, Drawing IV. a², small fulcrum
levers receiving the chains 62, by which the tool holder U is suspended. c²,
piece provided with a slide fixed on the frame V; it serves as a permanent point
to the bar d', which is divided into twelve equal parts, and serves to communi-

page_text: to
cate the embossed movement of the guide u¹ to the tool holder U, according
any settled reduction. c², steel piece to receive the frame g³. f³, Figure 14,
Drawing IV., represents the fulcrum or double-edged knife, on which the bar d
oscillates. g, block or frame on which the guide holder u is united to the bar d².
h2, block provided with an helical spring supporting the extremity of the bar d³.
, double fulcrum set between the band d and toolholder U., counterweight
to equilibrate the tool holder U. slide set on the tool holder U, serving to
maintain the bar d, and prevent its falling when the tool holder is placed in
an oblique position. , wheel provided with a chain, and serving to give the
motion necessary to put the tool holder U in an oblique position. m³, endless
screw giving the motion to put the tool holder U in an oblique position. n³,
shaft set on the frame V by means of bearings; it gives to the tool holder U
the oblique motion. 0, wheels provided with chains; they are set on the
horizontal shaft n³, and catch with the chains p² set on the curves 61, 6, of the
main frame B. q2, sliding pullies causing the chains p³ to surround nearly
half the circumference of the wheel o. 2, wheel with chain set on the axis n³;
it is put in motion by the wheel by means of a chain. 3, axis put in move-
ment by the motive power of the engine. 3, pulley set on the axis s², putting
in motion the axis u², which receives its motion from the axis s³, and com-
municates it to the axes t of the tool holder axes t. t3, pulley set on the
axis s, and on which passes the strap in communication with the motive
power, and thereby putting all the machine at work. ', pulley set also on the
axis s, and on which slides the strap for stopping the machine. v, pulley set
on the axis u², and put in motion by the pulley 2 by means of a connecting
strap. a, ratchet wheel set on the extremity of the screw C. y, catch giving
motion to the screw C. y³, catch preventing the screw C deviating when the
lever N is ascending. 2, small connecting rod joining the lever N to the
treadie 0 a³, 63, Figures 11 and 12, Drawing III., represent the holdfast
slides serving to unite the apparatus to the tool holder U. a, b, the place
where the apparatus represented by Figures 11 and 12, Drawing III., is set.
c, small piece on which the tool to be regulated is made to set. d³, inter-
mediate lever between the piece c³ and the needle e³, by which needle the move-
iments made by the apparatus are exhibited. f3, f, the curve or segment which
'the needle e' is travelling over. g³, crank arm set on the end of the screw b, and
giving by means of the hand motion to the sliding frames E, E'. ³, supporters
fixing to the frame holders D, D', the small vertical shafts transmitting the
motion from the axis T to the axes n, n'. 3, cups serving to receive the oil
falling off the tool holder axis by the friction, and therefore preventing its coming
on the pieces to be sculptured sét on the machine. ³, tool holder mandrils

page_text: receiving the tools by which the work is done. The carriage A, Drawings I.
and II., placed between the frames B of the machine, is provided with two
small frame holders D, D', having an horizontal motion from D to D', or from
D' to D. These frame holders ore set on the carriage A by means of small
rollers, represented in their natural size in Figures 8 and 9, Drawing IV.
The movement of the frame holders D, D', is given by the screw C, Figures
1 and 2, Drawing III.; that screw passes within a brass nut a, and puts in
motion the frame holder D, either from D to D', or from D¹ to D. To the
frame holder D the extremity e of the parallelogram e, f, g, is fixed. The
Figures 1 and 2, Drawing III., represents a plan and a side view of this
parallelogram, the other extremity of which 9 is fixed to the carriage A; the
same Figure 1 of the same Drawing is the plan of the underneath parts of the
carriage A. The herein-before mentioned parallelogram is composed of four
bars or rulers of equal length, and joined together at their extremities by pins
and conical washers, represented in their natural sizes in Figures 11, 12, and
13, Drawing IV. Two of these bars are divided into twelve equal parts,
which are conically perforated with holes to receive the pins similarly shaped
to those which connect together the extremities c, g, of the said parallelogram,
Two other rulers fare provided with holes, set also at equal distances from
each other, like those of the herein-before described bars g. By means of
these two bars f I make on the bars g a small parallelogram f, g, to which I
give any required proportions relatively to the larger parallelogram f, e, g.
The point of the parallelogram f, g, is fixed to the frame holder D¹. Tho
parallelogram e, g, is divided into twelve parts, but it is easily understood
that this proportion can be altered, and the parallelogram be replaced by
any other having different divisions. According to the geometrical theory,
that in all similar parallelograms the diagonals are proportional, it will
follow that the diagonals c, g, and f, g, will be in the same ratio as the
sides of their parallelograms, and consequently the screw C causing to
approach or recede the two extremities of the parallelogram e, g, the
extremities of f, g, will be made to advance or recede of a proportion
equal to the ratio given to the two parallelograms e, g, and f, g, and
therefore the frame holder D will receive on the carriage A a motion
according to the said ratio. The frame holders D, D', Drawings I. and II.,
are provided with the sliding frames E, E', having a motion at right
angles with the carriage A. These sliding frames E, E', are set on small
rollers similar to those by which the frame holders D, D', are set on the
_carriage A. The sliding frame E (Figure 5, Drawing III., which represents
a plan of the carriage A, and a section in elevation of the sliding frame E, E',

page_text: shows also the means employed for the transmission of motion from the sliding
frame E to the sliding frame E') is put in motion by a screw b fixed on the
two extremities of the said sliding frame E, and passing through a nut n
which has a wheel fixed to the frame holder D by means of a bearing in
which it: turns. This wheel catches with an endless screw i (Figure 2, which
is a section of the carriage A, showing how the frame holders D, D', are put
in motion.) set also on the frame holder D by means of small supporters.
The axis F, as represented in Figures 2 and 5, Drawing III., herein-before
described, passes through the endless screw i; that axis F reaches from one
end of the machine to the other, and a groove is cut in all its length by which
it puts in motion the endless screw i, and hence it puts also in motion the nut
h and the sliding frame E', whatever be the place of the frame holder D' on
the carriage A. The sliding frame E (Figure 1, Drawing II.) is also*
provided with a chain j fixed to one of its extremities by means of a nut, and
a similar chain is fixed to the other extremity. These two chains are made to
pass over a wheel / set for that purpose, and adapted to the frame holder D
by means of the support l. The extremities of these chains are provided with
the counterweight G, serving to prevent them running off the wheels over
which they pass. The wheel k has a square axis m passing through it and
fitting in exactly by means of brass wedges represented in Figure 19, Drawing
IV. This axis is fixed at its two extremities (Figures I, Drawing II., and
Figure 5, Drawing III.) to the carriage A by means of two bearings H and
I, I, in which it turns. The sliding frame E is also provided with two.
chains which catch on. the cog wheel ;, so that the motion received by the
axis m' is also communicated to the sliding frame E'. The two axes m, m';.
are each provided at one of their extremities (that which is supported by the
mutual bearing H) with the wheels L, L', similar to the wheels k, k', and
catching with the chain j, j', in the same manner as the wheels k, k'. These
chains are fixed to the bars M, M', and put them in communication with the
shafts m, m'. The parallelogram e', f', g', is placed on the bars M, M'; it
has the point g set on the carriage A, the point e' on the bar M, and the
point f on the bar M', see Figure 2, Drawing 1., Figure 2, Drawing II., and
Figure 5, Drawing III. The motion given by the screw 6 to the sliding.
frame E will be communicated to the axis m and thence to the bar M by
means of the wheels K, L, and of the chain j, the parallelogram e'; f'; g';,
being set afterwards as herein-before described. The bar M' receives its
motion from the bar M according to the ratio previously regulated between
the two parallelograms e', g', and f', g', and this movement will be transmitted
from the bar M' to the sliding frame E' by the rotative motion of the wheel

page_text: L', K', and of the shaft m, therefore the sliding frame. E' will receive its
movement from the sliding frame E, according to the same proportion which
has been regulated previously between the parallelograms e', g', 'and f, g,
whatever be the position which those sliding frames E and E¹ occupy on the
carriage A. The sliding frame E, Figures 1 and 2, Drawing 1, and Figure 1,
Drawing II., is provided with a plate O' on which are placed two puppet
piece holders P', q'. The first, P', is provided with six axes o' receiving their
motion from the endless screw p¹. The second puppet q¹ carries with it six
counter points serving to press the articles intended to be operated upon
between the two puppets P', q', as is represented by Figure 6, Drawing III.,
which shows the sliding frame E, on which is set a small statue, and by the
Figure 8 of the same Drawing showing the same sliding frame E', on which
a basso relievo is placed. The sliding frame E, Figure 1, Drawing I, and
Figures 1 and 2, Drawing II., is provided with a plate O on which are set the
puppet model holders P and q. The first of them, P, is provided with an axis
o, put in motion by the endless screw p, similar to those putting in motion the
puppet piece holders P. The second puppet 7 is a counterpoint, serving
conjointly with the puppet P to keep between them the model to be
reproduced in the proper position. The axis of the six endless screws p',
communicating the motion to the six piece holder axes o', as well as the axis of
the endless screw p, which gives the motion to the the model holder axis o, are
each provided at one of their extremities with the cog wheels q and q', each of
which catches with one of the pinions r, r, of the axes n, n¹, attached to the
plates o and o' by means of bearings in which they rotate; see Figure 1 of
Drawing II., Figure 2 of Drawing II., and Figure 10 of Drawing III., which
Jast Figure represents a view of the sliding frame E¹ and indicates the mode
in which the axis of of the puppet P₁ is set in motion. The shafts n, n',
(Figure 1, Drawing I.) in which some grooves are cut in their whole length,
are set with the pinions s, s', which slide on those axes n, n', so as to put them
in motion whatever be the position of the sliding frames E, E'. The pinions
are kept in their position by means of forks forming parts of the bearings h,
which are fixed to the frame holders D, D, as is seen in Figure 1, Drawing I.
The axes n, n', receive their rotative motion from the same axis T, and by
means of the intermediate pinions and vertical axes set on the frame holders
D, D, by means of the bearings h³. In the whole length of the axis Ta
groove is made which allows it to give the motion to the axes n, n', and thence
to the axes o, o, whatever be the position of the two frame holders D, D', on
the carriage A. It is therefore easily understood that the axis T, set on the
frames B, B, having the facility of sliding in the frame holders D, D', and also

page_text: in the catchings which are set above the said axis T, and the shafts n, n',
having also the facility of sliding in the pinions s, s¹, the above-named axis T
will drive the axes o, o', whatever be the position which the two carriages
occupy. The tool holder U, Drawings I. and II., is provided with six tool
holder axes, seen in Figure 5, Drawing IV., which represents a sectional
elevation of that apparatus; a square bar u, which I' call a guide, passes
through the two boxes v, having small rollers. to allow the bar u to slide freely
in them without jerks.. The tool holder U receives a rectilineal and perpen-
dicular motion on the frame V, and on the latter it is fixed by means of
rollers z. This sliding frame V is fixed at its lower part on the main frames
B, B, by the trunnions x, x', which turn in bearings set on the frames B, B,
as represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3, Drawing IV., which represent a
sectional elevation, a plan, and one side of the herein-before described frame V
on which the tool holder U moves. The upper part of the frame V is also set
on the main frame B, B, by means of the screws y, see Figure 1, Drawing I.,
and Figures. 1 and 2, Drawing II. These screws y can be set in all the holes
prepared in the curves ¹, b, of the said main frames B, B, and thereby
maintain the frame V and the tool holder U in an oblique position relatively
to the sliding frames E, E¹, of the carriage A. The two bearers X, Figures. 1
and 2, Drawing I., and Figures 1 and 2, Drawing II., are set on the frame V
and serve to carry a fulcrum axis Y, on which is placed the lever Z. The
axis Y is also provided at its two extremities with two small levers a², which
receive the chains 62 serving to suspend the tool holder U. On the lever Z a
counterweight is placed, and serves to equilibrate the tool holder U. The
position of that counterweight on the lever Z can be altered at will, in order
to regulate the equilibrium of the tool holder U. The motions serving to
equilibrate the above-described tool holder U are obtained by fulera, and are
similar to the beam of a scale, by means of which all kinds of friction is
avoided, and therefore the tool holder U requires for its ascending motion but
the smallest possible power. On the framing V, Figures 1 and 2, Drawing
XI., the piece c² is set and serves to support the bar d², which is represented
in Figure 4, Drawing IV., and is provided at one extremity with a double-
edged knife or fulcrum (Figure 14 of the same Drawing), and at its other
end e with a steel bearing to receive also another fulcrum. The distance
from the point e to the point f2 on the same Figures is divided into twelve
equal parts, and receives in each of these divisions steel bearings similar to
that set at the point e². On the tool holder U there are similar and cor-
responding divisions, Figure 5, Drawing IV., and each of these divisions is
likewise provided with a steel bearing similar to those of the bar d. A block

page_text: or frame 92, Figure 1, Drawing I., and Figure 2, Drawing II., serves to
connect the guide holder u to the band d². The points of union are knife-
edged in order to avoid every kind of friction.. A double-edged knife
is placed between the bar d2 and the tool holder U, Figure 1, Drawings I.
and II., and serves to communicate the relievo movement given from the
guide u to the tool holder U. This double-edged knife is made to change
the divisions on which it is placed according to the reduction of size I wish to
obtain. When I equilibrate by means of the counterweight of. the same
Figures the tool holder U, set as herein-before described, in such wise that it
only has sufficient weight to redescend, I obtain a very suitable motion by
which the said tool holder U is made to repeat all the movements performed
by the guide u', according to the proportion given to it by the position of the
double-edged knife 2. The tool holder. U does not always operate according
to a line perpendicular to the carriage A.. The pieces of sculpture which are
to be reproduced having some times several parts sunk in, which require that
the cutting tools should act according to any required inclination, it is for that
purpose that the frame V is placed on two trunnions x, x³, and can be stopped
at any point whatever of the curve 6", 6", of the main frame B by means of
the screws y, as herein-before described, see Figure 1, Drawings I. and II.;
but to cause the motion of the frame V, with its tool holder U, I make use of the
following mechanism :-The trunnion x is set on an axis carrying the wheel
provided with a chain, Figure 2, Drawing II. This said axis is also provided
with another wheel, having an endless screw not seen in the Drawing, being
concealed by the wheel behind which it is set. An endless screw m² is fixed
on the main frame B by means of bearings and catches with the wheel set
underneath the wheel 1. On the frame V, Figures 1 and. 1, Drawings I.
and II., is placed the wheel n³, having at each of its extremities a wheel with
with a chain o catching with the chains p² set on the curves 61, 6, of the
main frame B, Figures 2 and 2 of Drawings I. and II.. The pullies q² compel
the chains på to surround nearly half the circumference of the wheels o²; to one
of the extremities of the axis n² another wheel with a chain is placed, and
on this wheel and on the wheel is. set a chain communicating the
motion from the wheel to the wheel 2, and. thence to the two wheels
o, catching with the chains på set on the main frames B.
cedes it is very easily understood that by adapting a crank
set with the endless screw m², and by withdrawing the screws y, which keep.
the extremity of the frame V on the main frames B, I will have that frame
V to work with its tool holder U in the direction of the curve v¹, vl, and be
able so stop it at any point whatever of that curve.. s², Drawings I. and II. is
From what pre-
arm on the axis,

page_text: the axis, receiving its direct motion from the motive power. On one of the
extremities of that axis the three pullies t², t, t, are set, two of them, t², t³, are
placed on the axis s², and the last of thein t*, turns freely on the said axis, and
therefore does not give to it any movement when rotating. The strap coming
from the motive power is set on the pulley when the machine is at work,.
and is made to slide on the pulley t when the machine is to stop. The pulley
t2 drives the axis u² by means of a strap passing on the wheel v², set on that
axis. To the other extremity of the same axis us is set the wheel A², provided
with chains, and by which is put in motion the wheel B2 set on an axis
passing through the trunnion a¹, and on which the strap pulley C² is also
fixed. Figures 1 and 2, Drawing II. The pulley C is provided with a strap,
which, after passing on the pullies D³ give motion to the axis E², fixed on the
frame V by means of bearings. The vertical shaft E² carries another pulley
F driving the first tool holder axis t by means of a strap passing round a
drum G2, on or from which it slides, according to the ascending movement of
the tool holder U. The movement is afterwards given to the other tools by
means of the small straps H2. The axis F, which gives the motion to the
sliding frame E and also to the sliding frame E', by the transmission of the
parallelogram e, f, g, herein-before described, receives its motion as follows:
At the extremity of the axis u², Figure 1, Drawing I., and Figure 2, Drawing
II., a pulley I with five diameters is set, and two other pullies J³, also
having five diameters, are fixed on an axis fixed to the main frame B. These
two pullies J are joined together, and turn on their axis; they serve to connect
the pulley I with the pulley K, set at the end of the axis. The shaft T,
Figures 1 and 2, Drawing I, which gives motion to the model holder axis o,
and to the six holder axes o' of the pieces to be sculptured, is put in motion as
follows: A pulley L² having five diameters, is placed on the extremity of
the axis s², and drives the pulley M³, set at the extremity of the axis T. The
screw C, Figures 1 and 2, Drawing III., which puts in motion the frame
holder D, and then the frame holder D, by the connection of the parallelogram
e, f, g, is not driven by the main power. A ratchet wheel a is placed on the
extremity of the screw C,, and a lever N2, set also on this screw, is provided
with two catches y, y', which cog with the ratchet wheel. The lever N³,
Figures 1 and 2, Drawing I., is in communication with a treadle O², by means
of the connecting rod 22. A slide P², fitted on the main frame B, is provided
with two projections, which serve to regulate the length which the lever
N2 is made to travel. To regulate the length of the tool, I make use of
the apparatus herein-after described. It is placed at a³, 63, Figures 11
and 12, Drawing IV., under the tool holder U at a, b, Figure 1, Drawing I.
The point of the tool t is set on the piece c³, Figures 11 and 12, Drawing III.,

page_text: and causes the needle e' to work by means of the connecting lever d³, accord-
ing to the segment ff, which is divided into two hundred equal parts. This
is the space that the piece c³ causes the needle e³ to travel by performing a
journey of about a twelfth part of an inch, allowing therefore the piece e to
exhibit on the segment f³, f, a difference of about one hundredth of the twenty-
fifth part of an inch relatively to the piece c³. By means of the herein-before
described apparatus I can set a tool to its original length, when I have been
obliged to take it off, either to sharpen it, or for any other purpose. It will easily
be seen from what I have herein-before described that the first machine is com-
posed, Firstly, of a carriage having two sliding frames serving to receive the
pieces to be produced and the model for producing. This carriage is provided
with the necessary movements and requirements to cause the several parts of
àny piece of sculpture to pass in one single point. Secondly, of a tool holder
érossed by a guide, under which all the parts of the model must pass, and
which has also to communicate to the tool holder all the relievo movements
which are communicated by the model.
The several organs of the machine having been herein-before de
scribed, I will now point out the working of the gear. It is at first sufficient
to have the sculptured model to be reproduced made of plaster of Paris,
which I reproduce in cast iron, in order that the action of the guide
should not damage the original model. That being done, to repro-
duce a statue, I place the model, prepared as herein-before described,
between two puppet model holders P and g, (Figure 6, Drawing III., which
represents a front view of the sliding frame E',) and the six pieces which are
to reproduce the model are fitted between the puppet piece holders P¹; q¹. If
the model does not present too rapid relievi, I operate as follows:-The model
and the pieces to be produced being fitted as herein-before stated, I place the
centres of the shafts o' to the centre of the tools t¹, and the centre of the axis o
to the centre of the guide u', Figures 1 and 2, Drawing II. I give to the
two parallelograms e, f, g, and e', f, g, a ratio equal to the reduction I wish
to produce, taking the same care relatively to the bar d², Figure 4, Drawing
IV. I connect the tools and the guide with the model and the pieces to be
sculptured, and I begin to work at one of the extremities, giving to the axes
o, o¹, their relative motions, and to the sliding frames E, E¹, a very slow recti-
lineal movement. By that means the guide u¹ is made to run over all the
parts of the model, describing a spiral the circles of which are so close to each
other that they blend together, and become unperceivable. During that
operation the tools t', t, t, t, t, t', perambulate over the pieces to be sculptured
a space equal and proportional to the ratio given (as before stated) to the two
parallelograms e, f, g, and e', f', g'. It naturally follows that the guide'u!

page_text: communicating to the tools t¹ all the relievo movements which it receives from
the model, as herein-before described, the whole of the several parts of the
same model must be exactly produced on the pieces, and within the proportions
I have before prepared. When the model presents some forms more difficult
to cut, I proceed in a different manner from that herein-before described, and.
which is as follows:-I stop the rotative motion of the axes o and o¹, Figures
1 and 2, Drawing II., by setting free the pulley L2 by means of the dis-
connecting lever q². I replace the wheels q, q', by a divided board and a cross
staff, Figures 3 and 4, Drawing III. In that case also the three-wormed
screw, represented by Figure 7, replaces the screw b, in order that the sliding,
frames E, E', should be acted on by a more rapid motion. By that con-
trivance the model and the pieces to be sculptured are made to travel under
the guide u and the tools t¹, Figures 1 and 2, Drawing I., according to
straight lines running from one extremity of the statue to the other. I take
care, when a line has been run over by the model and the pieces, to raise with
one hand the tool holder U, and with the other hand I bring back the sliding
frames E, E', by acting with the crank arm g³, which is fitted on the
screw. b, and I press with the foot on the treadle 0%, in order to give a
rotative motion to the screw C, and therefore to displace of a length equal to
a line the model and the pieces to be sculptured. It will be easily under-
stood, from the mode of operating herein-before described, that I can reproduce
in proportions of a quarter, fifth, sixth, or of any other dimensions, according
to the requisitions of the model. When the model to be reproduced is not:
too long, and if it can be set on without the use of the counterpoint, the in-
clination of the tools allows me to reach to the upper extremity of the model,
as seen in Figure 3, Drawing III. When I have to produce a basso-relievo,
I set the model-holder puppets P, q, Figure 8, Drawing III., on a mandril
T, and the pieces to be operated upon on similar mandrils, and obtain the
reproduction by straight lines, as herein-before described for the second mode
of reproducing a boss (ronde bosse). When I have to reproduce bassi-relievi.
of small dimensions, I operate by a more expeditious mode. The model-holder
puppet P and the piece-holder puppet P¹, Figures 9 and 10, Drawing III.,
are arranged in such manner that they can be placed in a vertical position.
I fit then the model on the puppet P, and the pieces on the puppet P¹,
bringing at the same time the centre of the guide u¹ on the centre of the axis
o, and the centre of the tools t¹ on the centre of the axes o¹. I give to the
axes o, o¹, their rotative movement, and to the sliding frames E, E¹, their
rectilineal motion, by the action of the screw 6 (Figure 5 of the same
Drawing), and I reproduce the basso-relievo by means of a spiral, having

page_text: This machine differs from the first, inasmuch as it does not reduce the
proportions, that is to say, effects the production of the model only in the same
dimensions. This machine has the advantage of working with more rapidity
than the reducing machine, and a model reduced on the first machine could
be placed on the second to obtain from it the full-sized model. It also has
the advantage of working entirely alone; that is to say, the motion it receives
from the working shaft suffices to effect all its movements, and consequently
it does not necessitate the continual presence of a workman like the first
machine; it only requires watching, which enables the same man to survey
several of these machines.
A
The Drawings V. VI. X. and XI. represent this machine, in the several
Figures of which the same letters of reference represent similar parts. Figure
1, Drawing V., represents a front view, and Figure 2 a right side view of the
machine. Drawing VI., Figure 1, represents a left side view, and Figure 2
a section of the machine passing through the lines Z, Z, of Figure 1,
Drawing V. Drawing X. contains the Figures 1, 11, 12, and 13, represent-
ing in detail several parts of the machine.. The. Drawing XI. contains
thirteen Figures, representing also in detail several parts of the machine.
is a carriage, in which are placed the model to be produced, and the parts to
receive the reproduction. B, B', frames on which are placed all the parts
necessary for the motions of the machine. C, rollers placed between the
columns D, D', and on which the carriage A works. D, cylindrical columns
fixed to the carriage A, and sliding on the rollers C. D', cylindrical columns
fixed to the frames B, B¹, by means of bearings, and on which turn the rollers
C. E is a screw giving motion to the carriage A. F is a support fixed on the
transverse piece H, serving to support the bevil wheel d, through which the
screw E passes. G, piece fixed to the cross piece H, serving to support the
axis f, and forming a fixed point to the half screw a. H, a cross piece fixed
on the frames B, B', and on which the pieces F, G, are placed. I, counter-
poises, serving to bring back the carriage A. J, connecting pullies, attached
to the frames B, B', & over which the cords 9 pass. K, K', bars fixed on
the carriage A and which receive the model to be reproduced and the s
pieces to be sculptured. I, tool holder, containing the guide and the six
tools for reproducing. M, cylindrical columns, on which the tool holder
slides. N, screw, fixed to the frame B, and causing the tool holder to slide

page_text: U, bearings
on the columns M. O, boxes in which passes the axis of the guide holder s
(a section of these boxes is represented in Figures 3 and 4, Drawing XI.
O', boxes in which pass the axes of the tool holder t (a section of which is
seen in Figures 1 and 2, Drawing XI.) P, the arc of a circle fixed on the
axis q, receiving its motion from the guide s¹, and communicating it to
the axes of the holder t. P¹, arcs of a circle fixed on the axis q, commu-
nicating motion to the axes of the tool holder t. q, shaft fixed to the tool
holder L by means of roller boxes R, and on which are fixed the arcs of
circles P, P. R, roller boxes in which the axis q turns (these rollers are
represented of the working size in Figures 11 and 12, Drawing XI.) S,
counterpoises serving to equilibrate the axis of the guide holder's' and the axes
of the tool holder t. T, pinions fixed on the tool holder axes t.
fixed on the tool holder L, and in which the axis X passes. V, bearings
fixed on the frame B, and in which the axis X passes. X, an axis serving to
raise the tools and the guide. Y, vertical axis supporting a toothed wheel
C², and bevel wheel f, and giving motion to the tool bearer axes t. Z,
vertical axis provided with a wheel c³, receiving its motion from the chain d²,
and two series of cogs y², which turn the boxes O on the guide holder axis s.
A2, pulley, receiving its motion from the motive power. Baxis fixed to the
frame B, and provided with a bevel wheel and an endless screw . This
axis serves to communicate the motion from the pulley A2 to the axis f. C², a
cog wheel fixed on the socket of the pulley D2, and which catches with the
endless screw . D2, a pulley having four diameters turning on an axis fixed
on the frame B¹. E, a pulley having four diameters placed on the axis f.
F, a piece fixed on the frame B, and on which are united all the movements
serving to change the working of the machine. G2, lever, serving to set in
motion the screw N. H2, axis fixed on the frame B, and which serves to set
in motion by hand the tool holder L. 12, an excentric, serving to turn the
screw N to raise the tools and guide, and also the nut a, so as to permit the
carriage A to return in front, in order to recommence a new line. J, a
pulley, serving to turn the excentric I2 when the star wheel.m has caused the
wheel K2 to cog with the first tooth of the wheel a². K2, a wheel catching
with the wheel when the star wheel m has made the excentric I2 perform a
motion. L², a crank arm placed on the axis X, and serving to raise the tools
and guide s. M2, a connecting rod, uniting the crank arm L² to the lever
G2, and serving to raise the tools t" and the guide s' during the return of the
carriage. M³, series of catchings, serving to slacken the motion communicated.
to the pulley J. N², connecting rod, uniting the lever G2 to the support F.
which serves to turn the screw N. 02, connecting rod, uniting the nut a at
its extremity 6 to the piece F2. 03, small part serving to centre the tools t".

page_text: c, slide made in
d, a bevil wheel
e, bevil wheel
P, q, a divided curb, traversed by the lever T2. R2, a projection serving to
raise the lever T2 when I wish to turn the tool t to regulate its centre.
S2, support on which the lever T2 is mounted, and which turns in a socket so
as to displace the lever T2 from underneath the tool t in order to withdraw
it. T, lever indicating on the divided curb P2, q, the length of the tool t".
Us, shaft fixed to the ceiling of the workshop, and receiving the motion from
the motive power to communicate it to the machine. V³, strap, communi-
cating the motion of the axis U2 to the pulley A2. X2, strap, setting in
motion the pulley J. Z2, Z3, the line through which passes the section of
Figure 2, Drawing VI. a, half nut, in which turns the screw E. b, point of
junction of the connecting rod which raises the half nut.a.
the frame B, and in which passes the lever of the half nut a.
fixed on the screw E, and which sets that wheel in motion.
setting the wheel d in motion. f, an axis, on which is fixed the bevil
wheel e, and which communicates its motion to the carriage A. g, cords, at
the end of which the counterpoises I are suspended. h, small piece fixed to
the carriage A, and to which is attached the end of the cord g. i, a screw,
directing the sliding frame k. j, a screw, putting in motion the sliding frame
1. k, sliding frame, provided with a jointed projection acting on the star
wheel m. l, sliding frame, provided with a projection acting on the catch n.
m, star wheel, fixed at the extremity of a small axis traversing the frame B,
and which receives an impetus from the projection k for changing the direc-
tion of the motion of the carriage A when a line has been run through. n;
catch fixed to the frame B, and receiving a forward movement from the
projection to allow all the movements to re-descend to their primitive position
and recommence to run a new line. o, piece brought back by the screw g,
and which pushes against the piece F to avoid a twisting of the carriage A
when the projection is made to touch the catch n.
P, guides on which the
piece o slides. q, sliding screw, driving the piece o. r, nut fixed to the tool
bearer L, and in which the screw N passes. s, guide-holder axis. s¹, guide.
t, tool-holder axes. t', tool-holder mandrils, represented in their natural size
in Figure 10, Drawing XI. t", tools doing the work. u, boxes supporting
the tool-holder axes t. (A section of the said boxes is represented in Figure
13, Drawing X.) v, bar fixed on the guide holder s, and which. passes
tangently to the arc of a circle P. v, bars fixed to the boxes u, and which
pass tangently to the arcs of circles P¹, by which they are put in motion.
a, knife chains (shewn of the working size in Figures 16 and 17, Drawing
XI.) y, point of the bars v, v', to which the chain x is attached. z, point of
the arcs of the circles P, P', to which the chains are attached. a³, piece
fixed on the axis X, and which serves to raise the tools t" and guide s¹.

page_text: 63, stretching wheels fixed to the tool holder L, and behind which the chain
d passes. c, cog wheel fixed on the axis Y, and on which the chain d³
catches. ³, cog wheels set on the axis Z, and on which the chain d² catches.
d, chain, which extends from one extremity to the other of the tool holder L,
and which gives motion to the tool bearer axes t. That chain is represented
of the working size in Figures 14 and 15, Drawing XI. e, guard chain,
preventing the chain d³ being disconnected from above the pinion T. f, bevil
pinion fixed on the axis Y. g, bevil wheel fixed on the axis h2, and catching
with the pinion f². h², axis traversing the frame B', in which it slides; it is
fixed, to the tool holder L. by a support ., support fixing the axis h² to the
tool holder L. 3, bevil wheel fixed on the socket of the pulley A³, and
cogging with the wheel h². 2, bevil wheel cogging with the wheel. 13,
endless screw cogging with the wheel G². m², unclasping rod, serving to
uncog the pulley E. ², cog wheel fixed on the same axis as the wheel a², and
communicating its motion to the excentric 12. 02, ratchet wheel, placed in the
lever G. p, cog wheel fixed on the socket of the ratchet wheel o³. 22, con-
necting wheels, giving motion from the wheel p² to the wheel, cog
wheel fixed on the end of the screw N. 2, catch, giving motion to the wheel
02. t, stopping catch, preventing the wheel o from deviating when the lever
G2 rises. u, piece which serves to raise the catches s, t, when I wish to
work the tool holder. L by hand. v², series of catchings, giving motion from the
star wheel.m to the eccentric 12. x², cog wheel fixed on an axis which crosses
the frame B, and from which several teeth are taken off to allow the wheel
K² to rotate without turning the wheel x2 y2, series of cog wheels which turn
the boxes O on the guide holder axis s to facilitate its moving in those boxes.
2, axis fixed to the frame B, provided with a pinion, which is made to catch
with a rack fitting behind the support F2. That axis serves to keep the tools
suspended, when it is requisite to obtain moulded frames round the sculptured
pieces. nuts serving to press the bars v, v₁, against the tool holder L.
The carriage A, Drawings V. and VI., is placed between the frames B, B¹.
On the rollers C, placed between the columns D, D¹, a screw E passes from
one extremity to the other of the carriage A; that screw traverses a piece F,
in which is placed a half nut a. This half nut a is fixed by a small bolt, on
which it turns, on the piece G, seen in Figure 1, Drawing V., and Figure 2,
Drawing VI. The nut a, Drawing V., is prolonged by a lever as far as b,
passing in a slide c made in the frame B, and consequently this nut a can at
will rise from above the screw E; then the carriage A becomes entirely free,
and a very slight impulsion suffices to make it work to and fro. A, bevel
wheel, d, Figure 1, Drawing V., and Figure 2, Drawing VI., is placed on

page_text: the screw E, and retained by the support. F, a key fixed to the wheel d,
slides in a groove made in all the length of that screw E. The axis f, which
traverses the frame B, and is fixed at its other extremity by the support G, is
provided with the bevil wheel e, which cogs with the wheel d, placed on the
screw E, and consequently the axis f when in motion turns the screw E. In
Drawings V. and VI. there are two counterweighs I, placed at one end of the
cords g, the other extremity of which is attached in a point to the carriage A,
and serves to bring back the carriage in front when the half screw a has been
raised from above the screw E (the counterweight are merely a measure of
precaution, the columns D¹ being fixed to the frame B, B¹, according to an
incline plane, in such manner that they compel the return of the carriages).
On the carriage A there are fixed by screws two bars K, K', on which are
fixed the model to be reproduced and the pieces to be sculptured. In Figure 2,
Drawing V., are seen two screws i, j, fixed on the carriage A. These screws
give motion to two small sliding frames k, l, serving to regulate the course of
the carriage according to the size of the piece to be sculptured. This sliding
frame is provided with a small jointed projection for the purpose of acting
on the star wheel m. The sliding frame is also provided with a projection
for acting on the catch n. Figure 2, Drawing VI., shews a piece o, which
slides on the guides p, and is brought back by a screw q. That piece o may
be so regulated as to make it touch the support F at the same time as the
projection is forced to touch the catch n. That piece serves to prevent a
twist of the carriage when it stops on the projection 7. In Drawings V. and VI.
the tool holder L is placed between the frames B by means of two cylindrical
columns M, on which it slides. A screw N fixed on the frame B, and passing
in a nut r set to the tool holder L, serves to make it slide on the column M.
In the tool holder L the boxes O and O' are adjusted; they are seen of the
working size in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, Drawing XI.
the guide holder axis s and the tool holder axes t are
Through these boxes
made to pass. At the
extremity of the tool holder axes t are placed the boxes u, which support these
axes, a section of which is represented in Figure 13, Drawing XI. Those
boxes are provided with bars v', which are always placed tangently to the arcs
of the circle P. A barv is fixed to the guide holder axis s, and is tangent to
the arc of a circle P. The arcs of circles P and P¹ are fixed on an axis q
which rolls into the roller boxes R. These rollers are seen of the working
size in Figures 11 and 12 of the Drawing XI. The knife chains a lodged in
the bars v are fixed at the point y to the bars v, v³, and at a point to the arcs
of circles P and P¹. These chains are seen of the working size in Figures 16
On the opposite side of the arcs of the circles P and P
and 17, Drawing XI.

page_text: the counterpoises S are placed, serving to equilibrate the guide holder axis s and
tool holder axes t; this is seen in Figure 2, Drawing V., and in Figures 1 and 2,
Drawing VI. On the tool holder L two supports U are fixed. A support Vis
fixed on the frame B, seen in Drawings V. and VI. The axis X passing
through those three supports carries with it a piece a², provided with a roller;
that piece serves to act on the arc of the circle P to raise the tools and the
guide during the return of the carriage. When a line has been run over some
pinions T are placed on the tool holder axes t, and the stretching wheels b² are
fixed to the tool holder L. The mode of fixing those pinions is seen in
Figure 8, Drawing XI., which represent a section of these pinions. Two
vertical axes Y, Z, are fixed to the tool holder L, which axes are provided.
with toothed wheels c², c³. I place on these wheels a chain d², envelloping.
half their circumference. That chain de passes tangently in front of the pinions
T and behind the stretching wheels ; the chain is seen in the working size
in Figures 14 and 15, Drawing XI. The guard chains 62 are fixed to the.
tool holder L in front of cach pinion T for preventing the chain from being
disconnected. The axis Y is provided with a bevil pinion f³, catching with
the wheel g, fixed on an axis h², which traverses the frame B'; that axis h² is
fixed to the tool holder L by a support, and is at liberty to slide into the
frame B, to allow the tool holder L to be disengaged from the columns M.
The axis Z is provided with a series of cogs y³, which serve to turn the boxes
O on the guide holder axis s, to facilitate its displacement in those boxes.
On the axis there is placed a pulley A² fixed to the frame B, to permit the
axis to slide in that pulley, Figure 1, Drawing V., and Figure 1, Drawing
VI. On the socket of the pulley A² there is fixed a bevel wheel, cogging
with the wheel K2, fixed to the axis B². At the extremity of the axis B² is an
endless screw 1, cogging with the toothed wheel c²; this last wheel is fixed on
the socket of the pulley with four diameters D², which turns on an axis fixed-
to the frame B. The pulley with four diameters E³ placed on the shaft f
receives its motion from the pulley D² by means of a strap. The unclasping
piece m³ serves to uncog this pulley D2 when I wish to stop the motion of the
carriage A. The piece F2 is fixed to the frame B by means of two supports
in which it slides, see Figure 2, Drawing V. The catch n is fixed to the
frame B, where a spring presses on that piece F2, and a notch made in the
lower cylindrical part on which the catch n presses permits the catch n to hold
the piece F, when it has been raised sufficiently high for a catch n to enter
the notch; the lever G is placed on the frame B by means of an axis fixed
to the frame. This said lever G2 is provided with a ratchet wheel o², in the
socket of which a toothed wheel p2 is fixed. That wheel transmits the motion
0

page_text: to the wheel ³, placed on the end of the screw N, by means of the connecting
wheels q². The axis H³ fixed to the frame B is also in communication with
the screw N; that axis H2 serves to work by hand the tool holder L. The
excentric I² is fixed on an axis traversing the frame B, in which it turns.
This excentric 12 is connected with the star wheel m by means of a series of
cogs. On the piece F is fixed a small roller in front of the excentric I*, so
that the excentric when making a revolution is able to raise the piece F until
the catch n enters the notch made in the said piece F2, and prevents that piece
from redescending. The pulley J, on the socket of which there is fixed a
toothed wheel K2, turns on an axis fixed in the frame B. On the same axis
as the excentric 12 there is fixed a toothed wheel receiving its motion from the
wheel n, fixed on the same axis as the wheel a³, from which several teeth are
taken off to permit the wheel K2 to turn without rotating the wheel x². A
crank arm L sliding on the axis X is fixed to the support V. This crank
arm L³ is attached to the lever G2 by means of a connecting rod M³, and a
connecting rod N2 connects the lever G2 to the piece F2. Another connecting
rod Ounites the nut a at its extremity 6 to the piece F2. An axis U is
fixed to the ceiling of the workshop by means of supports, and receives
motion from the motive power. Two straps V2, X2, transmit this motion to
the machine. To regulate, the length of the working tools as well as their
centre, I make use of the apparatus represented by Figures 11 and 12,
Drawing X. That apparatus is provided with a tool bearer axis t, similar to
those of the machine. A lever T2 is placed to enable the point of the tool to
be brought to stand upon it, and a small piece 03 is made to advance quite
near the point of the tool to regulate its centre. The lever T2 which travels
over the divided curve P2, q, indicates on that curve the length of the tool,
which may be regulated at will by means of the screw. Figure 9, Drawing
XI., shews the tools t" (performing the work) in their real dimensions.
small projection R², fixed in a groove, serves to support the lever T2, so that
the point of the tool should not bear on it when it is required to make it turn
and regulate its centre. The lever T2 is mounted on a support S², turning in
a socket, so as to be displaced from underneath the tool and allow of its being
withdrawn. By means of that small apparatus the bottom of the mandrels on
the tool holder t¹ being properly set at the same height, I can regulate and
centre the tools without putting them in the machine, and then I have only to
place them in the tool holder mandrels t', and to cause them to press against
the bottom. By that means I am enabled, in having several series of tools, to
sharpen and regulate one series during the other is at work, and therefore avoid
loss of time. I can regulate the length of the guides by the same apparatus.
A

page_text: It is easy to perceive from what has been herein-before described, that
this second machine is composed,-firstly, of a carriage, on which are placed
the model to be reproduced and the substance on which the reproduction is to
be sculptured; secondly, of a tool holder set above the carriage, and on which
six tools and a guide serving to operate the reproduction are made to move;
and, thirdly, of two frames, on which are placed all the movements and
requisitions for the work of the machine and the reproduction of a model.
To obtain a relievo by this machine I place the model on a wooden mandrel,
and fix it with the screws on the bars K, K', underneath the guide s¹; see
Figure 3, Drawing V. I place the pieces to be sculptured on similar
mandrels, and attach them in the same manner under the tools. I regulate
the projection so as to make it touch the star wheel m when the guide and
tools are arrived at the end of the model at K. I regulate by the same mode
the projection, so as to make it touch the end of the catch n when the guide
and tools are arrived at the end of the model at K'. I place between the
wheels 2 and 3 the series of catchings q2 to allow the tool holder to be
removed each time of a distance equal to about one fiftieth part of an inch to
give a rough hew, and I put the machine in motion. Then the pulley A³,
which receives the motion from the shaft U2, makes the tool holder axes
rotate by means of the transmission of movement or catchings of the wheels
9, f, and the chain d², Figure 1 of Drawings V. and VI. The axis Z turns
the boxes O on the tool holder axis s, so as to facilitate the motion which
causes it to produce the relievo of the model. The wheel j2 puts in motion
the carriage A by the transmission of motion from the endless screw, and
from the pulley E placed on the axis f. Then the carriage A has a motion
from K to K, and the guide s¹, by rubbing on the model submitted to its
action, .communicates to the tools tall the relievo motions it receives, and a
line of the model is produced on the pieces to be operated upon. When the
guide s is arrived at the end of the model K', Figure 2, Drawing V., the
projection k is made to touch the star wheel m, and communicates a motion
to the excentric 12; this motion causes the first tooth of the wheel ² to cog
with the wheel K², which turns continually, and thereby the wheel K² draws
along with it the excentric. I³, and causes it to perform one rotation. The
excentric 12 when making a rotation raises the piece F, and the catch n is
introduced into the notch made in the piece F2, in order to prevent it.
redescending. In this movement the connecting rod N raises the lever G³,
which turns the screw N by means of the ratchet wheel with which the said
lever G³ is provided, and by means also of the series of cog wheels which
communicate this motion. The connecting rod M2 having caused the tools t¹¹

page_text: and guides to rise by means of the crank arm L² placed on the axis X, and
the connecting rod Os having also forced the nut a to be raised from above
the screw E, it will follow that the carriage A having been set free, the
counterpoises I will be compelled to travel from K to K'. When the guide s¹
is arrived at the end of the model at K', the projection is made to touch the
end of the catch n, and causes it to egress from within the notch made in the
piece F2; then the piece F2 redescends, and each acting organ retakes its
primitive position, and the carriage A begins again to be put in motion to make
another line aside the first, and vice versâ; thus the first rough hew having
been obtained, I replace the wheels 2 by others, which give me lines that
approximate nearly to each other, and I submit the piece to a second action of
the machine to finish it
In the two machines herein-before described, and which are constructed for
the production of small pieces only, all the tools are made to receive their
ascending motion from one single guide. In the present machine, on the
contrary, each tool receives its motion from a special guide, by which means I
am enabled to reproduce at the same time several pieces of different models.
I can also by the same machine reproduce a large model on which all the
tools work together and concur therefore to its execution, and by that mode I
am in a position to sculpture in relievo statues of large dimensions. This
third machine presents also the facility of reducing to smaller proportions;
therefore a model too large to be worked by the first machine, herein-before
lescribed, can be operated upon by this, and a reduction of any proportion
whatever can be easily obtained. The same letters of reference in the several
Figures of the Drawings indicate parts which are similar. In Drawing VII.
Figure 1 represents a front view of the machine, and Figure 2 represents
its right side view. In Drawing VIII. Figure 1 represents the left side
view of this machine, and Figure 2 a sectional elevation passing through the
line Z2, Z3, of Figure 1, Drawing VII. Drawing X. represents in 11 Figures
the several parts of the machine in detail, and Drawing XI. contains also
17 Figures of details. A is a carriage on which is set the model to be repro-
duced. A¹, the carriage to receive the piece to be sculptured. B, B', main
frames of the machine. C, rollers on which the carriages A and A' are made
to roll. D, cylindrical columns fixed on the carriages A, A', and rolling on
the cylinders C. D', cylindrical columns set on the frames B, B', by means
of bearings on which the rollers C rotate. E, vertical axis, putting in motion
the two carriages A and A¹. F, pinions setting in motion the carriage A.

page_text: F, pinions setting in motion the carriage A¹. G, G¹, racks fixed on a plate
a, which is connected to the carriage by means of screws passing in slide holes
for the purpose of having one of the racks to catch at will. G", racks fixed
on the carriage A'. H, conical wheels fixed on the axis P2. I, counter-
weights, serving to produce a draught on the carriages, and to avoid loss
of time in the several communications of motion. J, connecting pullies set
on the frames B, B', and on which the strings 9 are made to pass. K, K',
bars set on the carriages A, A', to receive the model to be reproduced and
the piece to be sculptured. L, tool holder, placed between the two carriages
A, A'; it contains niue tool holder axes and nine guide holder axes. L', tool
holder, replacing the tool holder L when a reduction of proportions is to take
place. M, columns on which the tool holder L slides. N, screw fixed on the
frame B, and causing the sliding motion of the tool holder L on the columns
M. N¹, screw set on the frame B in place of the screw N, and serving to
put in motion the tool holder L. N", screw, receiving motion from the
screw N¹ by means of the catchings (represented by Figure 15, Drawing X).
O, boxes in which the guide holder axes s are made to pass (the Figures 3
and 4, Drawing XI., represent a sectional elevation of those boxes in their
natural size). O, boxes in which the tool holder axes t are made to pass.
(The Figures 11 and 12, Drawing XI., represent a sectional elevation of these
boxes in their natural size.) P, segments rotating on the axis 2. and commu-
nicating the motion of the guide holder axes s to the tool holder axes t. {.
axis set on the tool holder L, and on which the segments P are made to
revolve. R, bearing fixed on the frame B, and in which rotates the axis h².
R', boxes with rollers, in which the axis C³ turns (for performing the
reduction). S, axis sliding on the frame B, and which is fixed to the tool
holder L by means of a bearing f. T, pinions set on the tool holder axes t.
U, supports fixed to the tool holder L, and in which is placed the axis X. V,
bearing set on the frame B, and in which the axis X is made to pass.
X, axis serving to raise the tools and to lower the guides. X', axis set on
the tool holder L, and serving to drive off the guides and tools. Y, vertical
axis, having a cog wheel C' and a bevil wheel f, putting in motion the tool
holder axes t. Z, vertical axis, having a wheel C2, and serving as a connection
with the rack d². A2, pulley put in motion by the motive power. A³, clasp
bar, communicating the movement from the axis y to the clasp fork B³
B2, axis set on the frame B, provided with a bevil wheel and an endless
screw. B³, clasp fork set on the frame B. C2, cog wheel set on the
socket of the pulley D2, and catching with the endless screw 12. C³, axis
communicating the relievo movement to the tool holder axis.
C', axis

page_text: receiving the relievo movement from the guide holder axis s, and commu-
nicating it to the axis C. D, a two diameter pulley revolving on an axis
set on the frame B. Ds; wheel through which the axis C³ passes, and com-
municating the movement to the tool holder axis t (for performing the
reduction). D, wheel through which passes the axis C, and receiving its
rotation from the guide holder axis s (for performing the reduction). E³, E³,
wheels set on the extremities of the axes C³, C, and by which the ratio for
the reduction of the relievo is estimated. F2, fixed piece on the frame B',
and connecting all the several movements which change the progress of the
carriages when a line has been run through. F³, are of circle placed on the
axis X, serving to give to the guide its descending motion and to raise the
tool (for reduction). G2, lever driving the screw N. G³, arcs of circle
fixed on the frames B, B, and serving to receive the catchings. H³, axis set
on the frame B by which the tool holder L is set in motion by hand. I,
excentric serving to rotate the screw N, to raise the tools, to lower the guides,
and to alter the direction of the movement of the carriages when a line has
been run over. J2, pulley setting the excentric I in motion when the star
wheel m has caused the catching of the wheel K² with the wheel x K2,
wheel catching with the wheel a³ when the star wheel m has given a move-
ment of rotation to the excentric 12. K³, K', bars carrying the puppets to
sculpture statues. L², crank arm set on the axis X, and serving to raise the
tools and lower the guides. L³, guide holder sliding frame for the reduction.
M², connecting rod between the crank arm L2 and the lever G2, serving to
raise the tools and lower the guides during the returning motion of the
carriages. M³, catchings serving to slacken the speed of the motion commu-
nicated to the pulley J. N³, connecting rod between the lever G2 and the
piece F, and putting in motion the screw N. 0³, connecting rod for putting
in communication the crank arm 23 of the axis y with the piece F. P axis
crossing the whole machine, and provided with two conical wheels H driving
the vertical axes E, and a wheel d² which receives the movement from the
axis q., axis having two pullies R2, S3, and a pinion e², which gives motion
to the wheel d². R³, pulley set on the wheel q², and receiving its motion
This pulley R2 gives the returning motion to the carriages.
S2, pulley placed on the axis q² and receiving its motion from the pulley D³ by
the intermediate pulley T. This pulley gives motion to the carriages during
the working of the machine. T³, a two diameter pulley connecting the
pulley D with the pulley S². U³, axis, receiving its motion from the motive
shaft and communicating it to the machine. V2, strap, serving to communi-
cate the motion from the axis U2 to the pulley A. X2, strap, communicating
from the axis U2.

page_text: the motion of the axis U to the pulley J. X³, strap, communicating the
movement of the axis U2 to the pulley R2. Y2, wheel, set on the extremity
of the axis C, and put in communication with the arc of circle F3 by means
of the end of a strap (for reducing) Z. Z³, line through which passes the
section of Figure 2, Drawing VIII. . a, plates on which the racks G, G¹, are
fixed. These plates are attached to the carriage A by. means of screws
passing through sliding holes, in order to have at will one of the two racks
catching with the pinions F. 6, bearers, fixing the vertical axis Y, Z, to the
frames B, B'. c, guard. racks, set to the tool holder L to prevent the rack d
being disengaged. These guard racks c are represented by Figure 5, Draw-
ing XI., in their natural size. d, leather rack, giving motion to the tool
holder axes t. This rack is represented by Figures 5 and 7, Drawing XI., in
its natural size. e, bevil wheel, set on the axis S and catching, with the
wheel o. f, bearer, setting the axis S on the tool bearer L. 9, strings, at the
end of which the counterweights I are suspended. h, small pieces fixed to
the carriages A, A¹, and to which are attached the strings g. i, screw, putting
in motion the slide frame k. j, screw, putting in motion the sliding.frame 1.
k, slide frame, having a jointed projection which is made to act on the star
wheel m. l, slide frame, provided with a projection which is made to act on
the catch n. m, star wheel, set at the extremity of a small. axis passing
through the frame B₁, and which receives a forward movement from the
projection k, in order to change the direction of the carriages when a line has
been run over. n, catch, set on the frame. B', and receiving an impulse
motion from the projection 1, in order to allow all the movements to descend
to their original position when I begin a new line. o, bevil wheel, set on a
vertical axis p and catching with the wheel e. o', bevil wheel, set on the
axis p' and catching with the wheel e (for reduction). p, vertical axis, set on
tool holder L and putting in motion the boxes O. This movement serves to
render more sensible the ascending motion of the guide holder axes s. p',
vertical axis set on the tool holder L', and which cominunicates the movement
to the axes c, d³. q, cog wheel set on the axis p and catching with the
wheel of the first box O. r, nut set on the tool holder L, and. in which
passes the screw N. r, nut fixed in the guide holder L³, and in which passes
the screw N₁ (for reducing). 1, nut set in the tool holder L', and in which
the screw N" passes. (for reduction). s, the guide holder axes. s', guides.
t, tool holder axes. t', tool holder mandrils (these mandrils, are represented
by Figure 10, Drawing XI., in their natural size). A tools (these tools are
represented by Figures 9 and 19, Drawing XI., in their natural size).
u, boxes supporting the tool holder axes t (a sectional elevation of these boxes
is represented by Figure 14, Drawing X. v, bars set to the guide holder

page_text: axes s, and which pass tangently to the arcs of circle P. v¹, bars fixed to
the boxes u, and which pass tangently to the arcs of circles P, by which
they are put in motion.
, knife chains joining the guide holder axis s
and the tool holder axes t to the ares of circles P, (those chains
are represented in their natural size by Figures 16 and 17, Drawing XI.)
y, point of the bars v, v¹, where the chain a is attached. 2, point of the arcs
of circles P where the chain x is attached. 2, 21, line through which the
section of Figure 3, Drawing X., passes. a², picces set on the axis X, serving
to raise the tools t¹ and to lower the guides s'. a³, wheel giving motion to
the axis c (for reducing). a, connecting wheels between the axis pt and the
axis c (for reducing). 62, tension wheels set on the tool holder L. 63, wheel,
giving motion to the axis d³ (for reducing). *, connecting wheels between
the axes p and d³ (for reducing). c², cog wheel set on the axis Y, and in
which the rack d catches. ³, cog wheel set on the axis Z, and serving to
turn back the motion to the rack d. c', axis on which the wheel e slides
and gives motion to the box O (for reducing). d², cog wheel set on the
axis P². d³, axis performing the same function as the axes c* (for reducing).
e, pinion set on the axis q2, and putting in motion the wheel d². ³, wheels
sliding on the axes c and d³, and which turn the boxes O. f, bevil pinion
placed on the axis Y. 92, bevil wheel set on the axis h³, and catching with
the pinion f. ', pegs which fix the pinions F¹ of the carriage A¹ on the
axes E. h, axis passing through the frame B, and on which is set a wheel
g2 catching with the pinion f. h³, wheels set on the axes E, and commu-
nicating the motion to the wheels 13. 2, clasp ferule, placed between the
pullies R, S, serving to clasp simultaneously these two stated pullies when it
is required to alter the direction of the motion of the carriages. 23, wheels
set on the socket of the pinion F. 1, bevil wheel set on the socket of the
pulley A, and catching with the wheel K2 K2, bevil wheel set on the axis B².
1, endless screw catching with the wheel C2. m², pulley set on the frame
B, and in which the axis S slides. n² cog wheel set on the same axis
as the wheel x2, and communicating the motion to the excentric I³.
03, ratchet wheel set on the lever G³. p³, cog wheel set on the socket
of the ratchet wheel o². 92, wheels connecting the movement from the
wheel p² to the wheel r³. 2, cog wheel set on the end of the screw
N. 2, catch, driving the wheel o². 12, stop catch, preventing the wheel
o from deviating when the lever G2 is reascending. 2 piece serving to raise
the catches s, t, when it is necessary to work by hand the tool holder L.
transmission of catchings to communicate the motion of the star wheel m
to the excentric 12. ² cog wheel set on an axis passing through the frame B',
and from which wheel several cogs have been taken off, in order to have the

page_text: R²,
wheel K² to turn without causing the said wheel x to rotate. y axis set on
the frame B', and receiving movement from the connecting O, to change the
direction of the movement of the carriages. 3, crank arm, being part of the
axis y, and receiving its motion from the connecting rod 02. *, crank arm,
forming part of the axis y³, and communicating motion to the unclasping bar
A³. Figures 1 and 2, Drawing VII., and Figures 1 and 2, Drawing VIII., shew
the carriages A, A¹, placed on the rollers C, which turn on cylindrical columns
D', set on the frames B, B', by means of supporters. Two vertical axes E,
set on the frames B, B', give motion to the two carriages A, A', by means of
the pinions F, F¹, set on these two axes, and of the racks G, G, G", fixed
on the carriages A, A¹. The above vertical axes E are put in motion by the
conical wheels II, fixed on the axis P", which is set in motion by the axis q²,
by means of a cog wheel d and pinion e³. The axis q carries two pullies
S³, and these pullies are free on the axis q². A clasp ferule 2², set
between these two pullies, is made to catch with one of them, to cause the
axis q to turn either in one way or in the other. A clasping fork B³, the
extremity of which is fixed to the clasping bar A³, gives motion to the said
clasp ferule . The carriage A is provided with four racks G, G', which
are set on a plate a, which is itself fixed to the carriages A, A¹, by means of
screws passing through sliding holes, in order to enable at will one or the
other of these racks to catch with the pinions F. The herein-before described
arrangement serves to change the direction of the movement of the carriage
A. Some counterweights I, fixed to the carriages A, A', at h, by means of
the string g, serve to obtain a draught on the carriages, so as to avoid the time
which is lost during the communication of the movement. The tool holder L,
Drawing VII., Figures 1 and 2, is placed between the two frames B, B', by
means of two cylindrical columns M, on which it slides, as it can be seen in
Drawing VIII. Figures 1 and 2. In that tool holder L the boxes O are
fixed, and through these pass the guide holder axes s and also the boxes O', in
which the tool holder axes t pass, as represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4,
Drawing XI. which show the boxes O and O₁ in their natural size. To the
extremity of the tool holder axes t are placed the boxes u, which serves to
support these axes. The Figure 14, Drawing XI., represents a sectional
elevation of the boxes u. These boxes carry the parts v', which pass tan-
gently to the arcs of circle P. Some bars v are fixed to the guide holder axes 8,
and pass tangently to the segments P in Drawings VII. and VIII. The arcs of
circle P are placed on an axis q, fixed on the tool holder L. These segments
are provided with a set of rollers, in order to rotate on the axis q, without any
friction, as represented in Figures 11 and 12, Drawing XI. in which the rollers

page_text: are set in their natural size. Some knife chains x connect the guide holder axes
s and the tool holder axes t to the segments P. These chains are attached
in y to the bars v, v¹, and in z to the arcs of circles P, see Figures 16 and 17
of Drawing XI.,, which represent the chains x in their natural size. On the
tool holder L are fixed the bearings U. A bearer V. is set on the frame B³,
Figures 1 and 2, Drawing VII. An axis X, set in the bearers U, and sliding
in the bearer V, carries the pieces a², provided with small rollers. These
pieces press on the arcs of circle P, to raise the tools t¹ and lower the
guides s¹ during the carriages are returning after a line has been run over.
A screw N, Figure 1, Drawing VII., set on the frame B', and passing through
a screw K fixed on the tool holder L, causes the said tool holder L to slide on
the columns M. Some pinions T are placed on the tool holder axes t. The
Figure 8, Drawing XI., represents the manner in which I fix the axes t.
Some pression wheels 62 are placed on the tool holder L, and the axes Y, Z,
are fixed on the frames B, B', by means of bearings 6; these axes Y, Z,
carry the cog wheels C2, C3. On these last wheels a leather rack d is set,
and catches with the pinions T, and passes at the same time behind the
pression wheels 62. The rack is represented in its natural size in Figures 6
and 7, Drawing XI. Some guard racks c, represented in their natural size in
Figure 5, Drawing XI.,. are fixed on the tool holder L, in front of each
pinion T, to prevent the rack d being uncogged. The axis Y has got a bevel
pinion catching with the wheel g² fixed on the axis h², which passes through
the frame B,, and the said axis y is maintained at its other extremity by a
bearing R, Figures 1 and 1, Drawings VII. and VIII. On the axis h² the
pulley A2 is placed, and on the socket of that pulley a bevel wheel is
placed, which catches with the wheel ka fixed on the axis: B2. At the
entremity of this last axis B2 is set an endless screw, which cogs with the
cog wheel C². This last is fixed on the socket of the pulley D², having two
diameters, and turns on an axis fixed in the frame B. An axis S passes
through, the frame B, and is fixed on the tool holder L by means of a bearing
f. On the axis S is placed a bevil wheel e, which catches with a wheel o, set
on the vertical axis p, fixed on the toolholder L. To the extremity of the
vertical axis p is placed the wheel q, which cogs with the wheel of the first
box O. All the boxes O carry cog wheels, which cog with each other. By
that contrivance the movement is communicated to every one of the boxes O,
as is seen in Figure 1, Drawing VII. A similar wheel to g is fixed on the
Jower extremity of the axis p. This axis gives motion to the boxes: O, set
at the lower part of the guide holder axes s, see Figure 2, Drawing VIII.
A pulley m² which is made to slide on axis S, is fixed to the frame B, in

page_text: order to allow the tool bearers L to change their position. Figures 1 and 1,
Drawing VII. and VIII. The above-mentioned pulley m² is put in motion
by the pulley D, by means of a strap. A two diameter pulley T2, which
rotates on an axes set on the frame B, connects the pullies D2 and S. The
piece F is fixed to the frame B' by means of two bearers, in which it is made
to slide. A catch n, Figure 2; Drawing VII., set on the frame B', and on '
which a spring presses, is made to press on the piece F². A notch cut at the
lower end of the cylindrical part, on which presses the catch n, allows this last
to maintain the piece F at the upper part, when the said piece F has been raised
sufficiently high to allow the catch 'n to get into the notch. A lever G2 is set on
the frame B', by means of an axis set on this frame. The lever G³ carries a
ratchet wheel o³, on the socket of which the cog wheel p² is fixed. This wheel på
transmits motion to the wheel r³, set on the end of the screw N, by means of
the connecting wheels 7. An axis H2 is also in communication with the screw
N, and serves to give motion to the tool holder L by hand. An excentric I' is
fixed on an axis, which runs through the frame B', in which it is made to
rotate. The excentric I2 is put in communication with the star wheel m by
means of a series of catchings v. On the piece F, herein-before described,
and facing the excentric I, a small roller is placed. By that contrivance,
when that excentric 12 is made to rotate one revolution, it causes the piece F*
to rise until the catch n enters in the notch cut in the piece F, and prevents
it coming down. A pulley J, on the socket of which is placed a cog wheel
K2, turns on an axis set in the frame B'. A cog wheel is placed on the axis
of the excentric I, and receives its motion from the wheel n³, set on the
same axis as the wheel a², some cogs of the said wheel a being taken off in
order to allow the wheel K2 to turn without giving a rotative motion to the
wheel. A crank arm L³, sliding on the axis X, is set on the bearer V.
The connecting rod M² serves to join the crank arm L² to the lever G³, and
this latter is united to the piece F by means of the connecting rod N². The
axis y is jointed at the point ³ to the piece F2, by means of the connecting
rod 02. The axis U2, Figures 1 and 2, Drawing VII., and Figure 1, Drawing
VIII., receives its movement from the main motive power, and transmits it
to the machine by means of three straps V, X2, X³. The small apparatus
represented by Figures 11 and 12, Drawing X., and which serves to regulate
the tools, and to center them, is the same as the apparatus herein-before
described when speaking of the second machine.
From what has been herein-before described, it will be easily understood
that this third machine is composed, firstly, of two parallel carriages set
one above the other, one of them receiving the model to be produced, and
the other the piece to be sculptured; secondly, of a tool holder provided

page_text: with nine tools, and nine guides placed between the two carriages;
thirdly, of two frames uniting the carriages and tool holder, and on which
are set all the necessary movements for working the several organs of the
machine, which I set to work as follows. To produce a basso-relievo, I place
he model, prepared as before stated, for the first machine, on the carriage
A, by means of the bars K, K¹. If I have to obtain the exact reproduction of
the model, I cause the racks G to catch with the wheels F, but if I have to
produce the counterpart of the model, that is to say, if I wish the figures which
are turned towards the right on the model to be turned on the left side on
the piece to be produced, I then disengage the racks G and cog the racks
G¹. Let us suppose now that I have to produce the exact fac-simile of the
model, and that the racks G catch with the wheels F. I regulate the pro-
jection, so as to have it touching the star wheel m, when the guide and
tools have reached the end of the model, and of the piece at the point K¹. I
regulate also the projection l, so as to have it touching the end of the catch
n, when the guide s' and the tools t¹¹ have reached the extremity of the model,
and of the piece at the point K. I regulate the guide st so as to have all
the points set on a line,. perfectly straight and parallel to the movement of
the tool holder L, I prepare the tools t¹¹ also in a similar manner.
I place
between the wheels and p² a series of catchings q², so as to cause the tool
holder L to run each time of about one fiftieth of an inch, to give the
first rough hew. I put the machine at work, and then the pulley A³,
Figure 1, Drawing VII., which receives its movement from the shaft U,
gives the rotative motion to the tool holder axis t, by the connecting wheels
g and f, and the action of the rack d. The axis S causes the boxes O
to rotate on the guide holder axes s, in order to facilitate the movement
which the model forces them to take. The ferrule 2, being made to catch
with the wheel s³, puts in motion the carriages A, A', in the direction of
K, K', and the guides s¹ rubbing over the model on which they are made
to pass, communicate to the tools t" the relievo movement, and consequently
nine lines of the model are reproduced on the piece to be operated upon.
When the guides s' have reached the end of the model at K', Figures 2,
Drawings VII. and VIII., the projection presses on the star wheel m and
k
gives motion to the excentric I2; that motion causes the first cog of the wheel
a to catch with the wheel K2, which is continually rotating, and then the
wheel K draws with it the excentric 12 and forces it to perform a revolution,
(see the same Figure 2, Drawing VII.), which causes the excentric 12 to raise
the piece F, whilst the catch n enters the notch cut in the said piece F³ to
prevent its redescending. By the above-described movement the connecting
rod N2 causes the lever G2 to rise, and the lever G2 makes the screw N to

page_text: rotate by means, not only of the ratchet wheel with which the said lever G² is
provided, but on account also of the series of catchings communicating that
motion. The aforesaid movement of the excentric 12 has forced the con-
necting rod M2 to rise the tool t", and to lower the guides 3 by means of the
connecting rod L³ set on the axis X, and the connecting rod O2 has discon-
nected the ferule from the pulleys and caused it to catch with the pulley
R2. All those movements have forced the carriages A, A¹, to change their
direction, and they have returned in that of K¹, K. When the guides s¹ have
arrived at the end of the model in K the projection is made to press the end
of the catch n, and it forces it to withdraw from the notch cut in the piece F³,
which is made thereby to descend, and each movement takes again its
primitive position. The carriages A, A¹, start to draw other lines close the
first ones, and vice versa, until each tool t" is arrived at the line made by the
tool next to it. This first rough hew being obtained I replace the wheels q
some others which trace closer lines, and I give another hew to finish the
reproduction. To obtain a reduction in the proportions of the given model I
replace the tool holder L by the tool holder L' (Figures 3, 4, and 5,
Drawing X., in which Figure 3 is a section, according to Figure 4 an
elevation, of tool holder L, by which the reduction is effected, and in Figure 5
is represented the left side of the tool holder L. On this last tool holder L'
the guide holder frame Land a tool holder frame L' are set. They slide on
all the length of the tool holder L'. These frames are taken off the tool
holder L by means of the sliding screws N', N. An axis C³, which turns
within the roller boxes R', Figures 11 and 12, Drawing XI., passes through
the socket of a wheel D³, which is set on the tool frame holder L' by means of
the roller boxes R' in which it turns. A groove made in all the length of the
axis C allows the wheel D³ to give a motion to the said axis C³, whatever be
the position where the frame I is placed on the tool holder L'. On the
frame guide holder L³ is also set a wheel D' fitted in a manner similar to the
wheel D (through which an axis C is made to pass, and this axis C* is
identically similar to the axis C³, and is also fixed to tool holder L' in a
similar manner. On the wheels D3, D4, are set the chains x attached to the
bars v, v, and by which the tool holder axis t and guide holder axis s are
supported, as is represented in Figures 16 and 17 of Drawing XI. To the
extremities of the axes C3, C4, the wheels E, E³, are placed, (Figure 5,
Drawing X). These wheels have different diameters, according to the pro-
portional reduction to be obtained, and the two axis C3, C4, are put in
communication by means of a chain with knives a fixed on the said wheels,
therefore all the relievo movements received by the guide s' are communicated

page_text: to the tool holder axis t, according to any previously adjusted reduction which
is regulated by the diameters of the above-named wheels E², E³. This
reduction is in the present instance of half the size of the model, because the
diameter of the wheel E2 is half that of the wheel E³. On the axis C', at the
opposite extremity of that where the wheel E³ is placed, the wheel Y2, Figure
16, is also set. On that wheel is, fixed one 'end of a strap, having its other
end attached on 'the arc of a circle F³, which is itself fixed on the axis X'.
That axis X' is maintained to the tool holder L' by means of a support in
which it is made to turn by the movement just described. The guide s' is
made to descend and the tool is forced to rise when a line has been
travelled over. A vertical axis p' is fixed on the tool holder L' by means of
bearings, & carries a bevil wheel o' and two straight wheels a³, 3, (Figures 4
and 5, Drawing: X.) to communicate the movement to the axes c, d, by
means of the connection wheels a, b On the before-mentioned axes c', d³,
slide the wheels. e³, which are maintained by means of forks, to the guide
holder L³. These wheels es serve to turn the boxes O on the guide holder
axes s. This movement causes the tool holder L' (Figure 1, Drawing VII., and
Figure 4, Drawing X.) to be placed between the frames B, B'; in the place of
the tool holder L, and the axis S, simultaneously with its bevil wheel e, is
forced to enter in the support f¹. The axis X' is made also to cross the
frame in the place of the axis X, and receives the crank arm L, and the rack
d, which was crossing, the tool holder L, crosses then the tool holder L', and
gives motion to the pinion T fixed on the tool holder axis t, in the same
manner as the axis 3 causes the boxes O to turn on the guide holder axis s,
and the crank arm L² operates the movement for lowering the guide s' and
raise the tool t". The screw N¹ has been made to occupy the place of the
screw N (Figure 2, Drawing VII.) in the frame B', and the wheel to be
placed on the screw N¹ whilst the screw N has been fixed in the frame B¹ in
a hole 3 prepared to receive it. The movement is 'communicated (Figure 15,
Drawing X.) from the screw N¹ to the screw N" by means of a series of
catchings. The transmission of motion is regulated according to: the adjusted
proportion, which in the present case is regulated for a reduction of half: the
size of the model. The pinions F, Figure 1, Drawing VII., and Figure 2,
Drawing VII.; which give motion to the carriage A', have been fixed on the
axis E by means of the pins 93, therefore when I withdraw these pins the
pinions F are made to turn on the axis E. I place then on the arcs. of circle
G³ a sufficient number of catchings which give the motion of the wheel h³ (as
represented in Figure 18, Drawing XI:, the proportion of the transmission
is in the present case calculated to produce a reduction of half of the size of

page_text: the model). The motion of h³, set on the axis E, is communicated to the
wheel fixed on the socket of the pinion F¹. I regulate the proportion of the
transmission of these movements according to the required reduction which is
to be obtained, and therefore the carriage A' will travel relatively to the
carriage A according to that proportion. The machine being prepared as
herein before described, I place the model on the carriage A, (Figures 1 and 2,
Drawing VII.) and the piece to be sculptured on the carriage A'. I regulate
the projections k and l as if I were to operate for the real size of the model,
and I set the machine at work according to the hercin-before described
working of gear. All the movements which were giving motion to the tool
holder L having been made to be placed so as to give motion to the tool
holder L', the working of the machine will be exactly the same, that is, to say,
that for each line travelled by the guide s' and reproduced by the tool t",
the guide s' and the tool t¹ will recede from the model and the piece, and the
direction of the motion of the carriage will be altered in order to have them
returning. The screws N¹, N"; will turn to have the tool holder L³ and the
tool holder L to advance, and each movement will be made to retake its
primitive place to produce a new line, and vice versâ, up to the end of the
model, and by the several operations herein-before described I will obtain a
perfect reproduction of the model according to the proportion I was desirous to.
produce. To effect the reduction of a statue or boss (ronde bosse) by this
machine, I replace the bars K, K', by the bars K, K³, (as herein-before-
described and represented in Figures 6 and 7, Drawing X.) which carry the-
puppets, between which I place the model to be reproduced and the piece to-
be sculptured, as in the first machine herein-before described. A plate,.
Figure 8, of the same Drawing X., set on the axis of the puppet K² with a.
cross staff, serves to turn the model and the piece when a part of the statue is
sculptured, and by such means I reproduce the model in reduced parts of a
quarter, fifth, sixth, or any other proportions, according to the requirements of..
the model.
In this machine the tools and guide have no ascending motion as in the-
machines herein-before described. The carriage is disposed so as to perform
underneath the tools, and guide all the ascending and displacing motions.
necessary for the execution of the sculpture. This carriage is directed by one
man; whose only duty is to make the guide travel over all the sinuosities of
the statue, and by this means to reproduce it exactly. This machine is for
making pieces of sculpture in basso relievo or boss (ronde bosse), having some

page_text: parts sunken in like statues with drapery underneath, and relievi with parts
detached from the ground, &c.
axis G turns: I,
J, wheels fixed to
Drawings IX. and XII. represent the machine, in which the same letters of
reference are used to indicate the same parts in all the projections. The
Figures 1, 2, 11, 12, and 16, 17, of Drawings XI., are the details relating to
this machine. Drawing IX., Figure 1, represents a front view of the machine;
and Figure 2 a section thereof, drawn through the line a, b, of Figure 1.
In these Drawings, A is a carriage placed on the rollers C, which roll over
the tramroads D. A', carriage placed on the rollers C', which roll over the
-carriage A. B, frame. C, rollers set between the carriage and the tramroads
D. C', rollers placed between the carriages A and A'. D tramroads, fixed to
the frames B, by means of supports. E, supports fixed to the carriage A',
and which are provided with points e, between which the pieces F are made
..to set. F, pieces receiving the piece holder K. G, axis provided with two
wheels J, for equilibrating the piece holder K. H, supports fixed to the frame
A¹. They are provided with roller boxes R, in which the
counterpoises serving to equilibrate the piece holder K.
the axis G, and to which the knife chains & are attached. K, piece holder set
on the parts F, and receiving the puppets L, O. L, puppet provided with
five axes for receiving the model to be reproduced, and the pieces to be
sculptured. M, columns supporting the tool holder P. N, support fixed to
the carriage A. O, puppet provided with five counterpoints, connected with
the axes of the puppet L. P, tool holder. q, supports for maintaining the
extremity of the axes t. R, roller boxes in which the axis G turns. S, strap
passing from the motive shaft, and giving motion to the tool holder axes t.
T, connecting pullies on which the strap S passes. U, motive shaft. V,
mandrils fixed on the axes m, a, b, a line through which the section of
Figure 2, Drawing IX., passes; c, points fixed in the support E, for receiving the
pieces F; d, tye piece uniting the two supports E; e, small support provided
with a screw for pressing on the guide holder axis s; f, tye pieces uniting the
two pieces F; g, arcs of circles fixed to the two pieces F; h, supports
affixed to the pieces F for receiving the piece holder K; i, trunnions fixed to
the piece holder K, and which are made to act in the supports h; j, clamp
screw for pressing on the trunnion i; k, sectors fixed to the carriage
A, and into which the ends of the trunnions are made to slide; l, half
columns fixed on the piece holder K, on which the puppets L, O, are fixed;
m, axes turning in the puppet L; n, crank arms fixed on the axes m; o, bar
uniting the crank arms n; p, endless screw, putting in motion the axes m;
9, screw uniting the carriage A to the carriage A¹; r, nut fixed to the carriage

page_text: A', and in which the screw q passes; s, guide holder axis; s', guide; t, tool
holder axes; t', tools; u, small straps giving motion from one tool holder
axis to another; v, small pieces placed on the end of the trunnions i, to slide
in the sectors k; x, knife chains, similar to those represented in Figures 16
and 17, Drawing XI. The carriage A is placed between the frames B on the
rollers C, which turn round on the tramroads D, fixed to the frames B, by
meant of supports, see Figures 1 and 2, Drawing IX. On the carriage A
is placed a second carriage A', which performs its motion on the roller C.
To that carriage A is fixed a support N, provided with a screw q. That screw
passes into a nut r, fixed to the carriage A¹, by means of a small support in
which it turns, see Figure 1, Drawing IX. That screw can be withdrawn at.
will, to set at liberty the carriage A¹ on the carriage A. On the extremity
of the carriage A¹ there are fixed two supporters E, united by a tye piece d.
These supports are provided with pointed screws c, serving to receive two
pieces F, united together by the tye pieces f. seen in Figure 2, Drawing IX.,
and Figures 1, 8, and 9, Drawing XII. In that Drawing the Figure 1 shews the
manner in which the piece holder is set on the carriage A, to obtain its relievo
motion; only one side of it is seen, but the other opposite side is quite similar
to that shewn. Figure 8 shews a section of a part of an upper carriage, which
affords a view of one of the pointed screws c, on which the piece holder K
operates its relievo motion. The same Figure shews also one of the sectors k for
preventing the piece holder K from vacillating either in the right or on the
left; and Figure 9 represents one of the pieces F, on which the
K is placed. The pieces F are provided with arcs of circles g.
rotating in roller boxes R (placed in two supports II, fixed to the carriage A'),
is provided with two wheels J, on which the knife chains are fixed; one
extremity of these chains is attached to the arcs of circles g, and at the other
extremity they are provided with a counter-weight I, see Figures 1 and 2 of
Drawing IX. On the pieces F are set the supports h, for the purpose of
receiving the trunnions i of the piece holder K, see Figure 2, Drawing I.
The piece holder K may be set in any position by means of the pression
screws j, fitted on the supports h. On the end of the trunnions, i there are
placed the small pieces v (represented in Figure 10, Drawing XII., which
shews it placed on the trunnion i), which slide in the sectors k, fixed to the
carriage A¹. These pieces serve to prevent the piece holder K from vacillating
either on the right or to the left side (see Figures 1, 2, 3, and 8, Drawing
XII.) On the piece holder K are placed two puppets L, O; the puppet
L is provided with five axes m, communicating together by means of the
crank arms n, fixed on the axes m, and with a bar o uniting them all together
(see Figures 1 and 2, Drawing IX.) On the middle axis is fixed a wheel,
piece holder
An axis G,

page_text: cogging with an endless screw p. That endless screw is disengaged at will
to set free the axes m. The puppet O is provided with five counterpoints in
communication with the axes of the puppet L. A tool holder P is placed-
between the frames by means of the columns M.
This tool holder P contains
The guide holder axis s is
four tool holder axes t and a guide holder axis s.
fixed to the tool holder P. The tool holder axes t rotate in the boxes O¹, fixed
in the tool holder P, and are maintained at their extremities by the small
supports q. The tool holder axes t are put in motion by a strap S, passing
from the motive shaft over the connecting pullies T. That connecting strap
drives the first of the tool holder axes t, and the movement is transmitted to
the other tool holder axes by means of small straps u.
From the description herein-before given of the several organs of this
fourth machine, it will be easily seen that it is composed,-firstly, of a
double carriage (that is to say, a carriage having a motion in two directions),
for receiving the model to be reproduced, and the pieces to be sculptured;
secondly, of a tool holder placed above the carriage, and on which a guide
and four tool holder axes are set; thirdly, of two frames uniting together the
carriage and the tool holder. To put the machine in operation, I proceed as
follows: The counterpoises I having been regulated so as to equilibrate
perfectly the piece holder K, if it be a statue I wish to produce, I place between
the puppets L, O, and under the guide s³, the model to be reproduced, and
the pieces to be sculptured underneath the tools t¹. The machine being ready
is put in motion, the tools then receive a very rapid rotative motion, which is
the only movement communicated to the machine from the motive shaft (see
Figures 1 and 2, Drawing IX.) I place myself in front of the machine,
before the guide holder s, and I take in my two hands the mandril V, fixed
on the axis m, and push the carriage A. I make the guide s follow over
the model; by this means I produce one line on the pieces to be sculptured,
after which I draw back the carriage towards me. I then turn by hand the
nut r, fixed on the carriage A¹, to cause the carriage A' to advance towards
the carriage A, and I produce a fresh line in the same way as the first has
been obtained. When some part of the statue is produced, I turn the axes m,
by means of the endless screw p, so as to present under the guide s¹, and under
the tools t', another part of the statue, which I sculpture like the first, and
I continue in this manner until the model has been entirely reproduced.
The above operation, however, has but produced a rough hew. Then I uncog
the endless screw p, so as to set free the axes m. I withdraw the screw q,
which unites together the two carriages A, A', in order to set free the carriage
A¹ on the carriage A, and I make the second rough hew in following all the
sinuosities of the model on the guide s', consequently all the sinuosities are

page_text: exactly reproduced by the tools t¹ on the sculptured piece. To reproduce the
relievo seen in Figures 4 and 5, Drawing XII., I place between the puppets
L, O, the mandrils similar to that represented in the said Figures, and on
these mandrils I set the model to be reproduced and the pieces to be sculp-
tured. I then operate in the same manner as for producing a statue. The
lines punctured red in Figure 2, Drawing IX., represent a movement made
by the carriage A, and one of the positions which the piece holder K may
occupy in reference to the tools t¹ and guide s¹, and consequently all the
sunken parts which are in the direction of the length of the model being
susceptible of reproduction on account of the inclination which can be given
to the piece to be sculptured by means of the axes m, all the sunken
parts of the model are reproduced in all the directions of the sculptured
piece.
And having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be. understood that I do not
claim as my Invention, or the exclusive use of the several parts of the
machinery and apparatus herein-before described and referred to, except when
such are or may be applied to carry out the mechanical arrangements, as
herein described, or when employed otherwise than as herein-after particu-
larly mentioned, for the purpose of my said Invention; therefore, what
I do claim and intend to be protected by the said in part recited Letters
Patent, is,
In the first machine:-Firstly, the mode of transmitting the motion from
the sliding frame E to the sliding frame E', and of the frame holder D to
the frame holder D', by means of the parallelograms e, f, g, and e, f, g, or
cog wheels, as herein-before described, reference being had to Drawings I. and
II., and to Figures 1, 2, and 5, Drawing III.
Secondly, the mechanical arrangement for communicating the movement
from the guide or tracer to the tool holder U, on the frame V, by means of
the bar d and double knife 2, as herein-before described, reference being
had to the Figures of Drawings I. and II., and Figures 4 and 14 of
Drawing IV.
Thirdly, the application of the motion of the rollers z for adjusting the
tool holder U on its frame V, as herein-before described, reference being had
to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 15 of Drawing IV...
Fourthly, the equilibrating the tool holder U, by means of the knife axis Y,
and counter weight J2, as herein-before described, reference being had to
Figures 1 and 2 of Drawings I. and II.
Fifthly, the movement for giving an inclined direction to the tool holder

page_text: U, to reproduce the sunken parts of the model, as herein-before before
described, reference being had to Figures 1 and 2 of Drawing I., and Figures
1 and 2, Drawing II.
Sixthly, the apparatus to regulate the length of the tool, as herein-before
described, reference being had to Figure 1, Drawing I., and to Figures 11 and 12,
Drawing III.
In the second machine :--Firstly, the boxes O¹, through which the tool
holder axes pass, and the boxes O, through which the guide holder axes pass,
and the rotative motion of the said boxes O¹ on the guide holder axes, as
herein-before described, reference being had to Figures 1 and 2, Drawing II.,
and Figures 3 and 4, Drawing XI.
Secondly, the boxes supporting the tool holder axes and the arcs of circles,
which communicate the motion from the guide holder axis to the tool holder
axes, as herein-before described, reference being had to Figures 1, 2, Drawing
V., Figures 1, 2, Drawing VI., Figure 12, Drawing X., Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4,
Drawings XI. and XII.
Thirdly, the knife chains supporting the tool holder axes and guide holder
axis, as herein-before described, reference being had to Figures 14 and 15,
Drawing XI.
Fourthly, the mechanical arrangements for altering the motion of the
machine when a line has been run over, as herein-before described, reference
being had to Drawings V. and VI.
In the third machine:-Firstly, the relative position of the two carriages,
as herein-before described, reference being had to Figures 1 and 2, Drawing
VII., and Figures 1 and 2, Drawing VIII.
Secondly, the mechanical arrangements for working several tools on the
same pieces, and for reproducing simultaneously different models, as herein-
before described, reference being had to Figure 3 of Drawing VII., Figure 2,
Drawing VIII., and Figures 2, 5, 9, 10, Drawing X.
Thirdly, the application of cog wheels for transmitting the motion of the
carriage A¹ to the carriage A, when the reduction of the proportions is to
take place, as herein-before described, reference being had to Figures 1 and 2,
Drawing VII., Figure 18, Drawing XI.
Fourthly, the mechanical arrangements for communicating the movement
of the guide to the tool, when a reduction of proportions is to take place,
as herein-before described, reference being had to Figure 15 of Drawing X.
Fifthly, the leather rack giving motion to the tool holder axes, as herein-
before described, reference being had to Figures 6 and 7, Drawing VII.
In the fourth machine, the ascending motion of the carriage, and the

page_text: mechanical arrangements to counterpoise it, as herein-before described, reference
being had to Figures 1 and 2, Drawing IX., and Figures 1, 2, 3, 8,
Drawing XII.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Adolphe Duperrey, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and fifte