Improvements in Horse Collars.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Apr., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 8th Nov., 1898-Accepted, 10th Dec.,
1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Horse Collars.
JOHN FRY, 124, Dale Street, Liverpool, Saddler & Harness Maker, and JOHN
WILLIAM BARNES, Saddler, 124, Dale Street, Liverpool, in the City of Liverpool,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows;-
-
The rim or fore-wale is made of leather stuffed with straw (or other suitable
material differing from other collars, by having a welt (that is to say), a strip of
leather sewn between the two parts of the leather covering of rim or fore-wale,
for the purpose of getting more swell and support on the innerside of rim. For
attaching and detaching the lining to the collar. This strip or margin between
the two parts of collar is perforated with holes, for the purpose of laceing the lining
to rim or fore-wale. The shell or outerpart is composed of straw (or other suitable
material) made and shaped to contain, two separate rubber, or flexible bladders,
made to pattern, such bladders being encased in a leather or canvas bag (or other
suitable material) and having metal valves, protuding through shell and after
wale (that is to say) outer covering of collar, and fitted with caps to protect valves.
The lining is cut to pattern and on the innerside is sewn a stiff piece of leather,
through which holes are made to correspond with holes in rim or fore-wale, a strong
cord (or any other suitable material) is attached to lining and looped through
corresponding holes in rim, each loop being tightened, by the loop below it, until
the lining is firmly fixed, and fastened in such a manner on outside of rim, that it
can easily be detached. The lining being adjusted, it is inflated through valves,
with air or fluid. The afterwale is fixed in the usual way, after which a strip of
leather is fixed tightly round outside margin of rim to cover laceing.
Improv 12
We, JOHN FRY, Saddler and Harness Maker, and JOHN WILLIAM BARNES,
Saddler, both of 124, Dale Street, in the City of Liverpool, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to horse-collars which possess a pneumatic or inflated lining,
and consists of certain structural arrangements whereby such pneumatic lining
is more readily attached and detached than heretofore, and whereby it is protected
from being injured by the heavy pressures to' which horse collars are subjected.

page_text: A horse collar according to this invention is illustrated in the accompanying
drawings a cart collar being shewn as an example and the invention will now
be described with reference to such drawings.
In the drawings, Figure 1 is a rear view and Figure 2 a front view of a cart
collar, Figure being a cross-section on line A, B, Figure 2. Figures 4 to 11
are detail views.
The first improvement relates to the method of forming the forwale or rim A.
This method is best understood upon reference to Figures 5 and 6, where it will
be seen that a welt or lining a, of leather, is laminated, between the two selvages
of the skin of the rim A, which is done for the purpose of obtaining a wide and
strong neck between the rim and afterwale B, the three ply neck thus forined
being perforated with holes 6 and utilized as the basis to which the lining C is
laced.
The second improvement relates to the method of forming the edge or selvage
of the lining C, and to the method of lacing employed for uniting it to the collar.
Such methods are illustrated in Figures 5 to 10. To the edge of the lining C is
sewn a leather apron c, and through the double thickness thus formed a series of
holes dare pierced. Through these holes passes the looped lace D, as shewn in
Figures 7 and 8. The apron c is then turned down over the cord, as in Figure 8,
and after the loops have been threaded through the holes e in the apron c, the latter
is brought up the other side of the lining, as in Figure 9 and 10, and the edge is
now ready to be laced to the collar. This is done by threading the loops through
the holes in the three-ply-neck of the collar, and then lacing one loop through
its neighbour, as in Figure 5. The lace is then tied. A narrow strap f, which
passes completely around the neck and beneath the hames, serves to hide and pro-
tect the lacing from damp and injury. The advantage of thus forming and lacing
the edge of the lining is that the edge is strengthened and better resists the expand-
ing tendency of the inflated lining, whilst the apron c covers the lacing and pre-
vents the sweat and moisture of the horse from reaching it and gaining access
within the lining. Another advantage is that when the end loop is loosened, the
lacing can be undone and the lining opened out in a short space of time, and may
be relaced equally expeditiously.
The third improvement relates to the use of a separately inflated lining on each
side of the collar.. Each side of the collar has its own air-bag, and the lining C
is gathered in at the top and at the bottom of the collar, whereby an air-space
exists above the nape of the neck, and pressure is kept off the throat of the horse.
In cart collars the lining C is in one piece, and this gathering-in is effected by the
leather ligatures g and has illustrated.
The fourth improvement relates to the construction and arrangement of the air
bags. A leather or other bag E, Figure 4, is made to pattern, to
fit in one side of the collar lining. The bag E possesses a iaced
aperture (protected by an apron through which is inserted a
rubber bag F made as nearly as possible the same shape as the bag E
and provided with an air valve of any suitable pattern (such as Lucas's) which
passes out through the aperture k which is arranged to come opposite a corre-
sponding aperture in the shell B of the collar, where it is secured and closed by a
screwed cap 7. The position of the valve may be as shewn, or it may be disposed
elsewhere upon the afterwale.
The fifth improvement consists in placing pieces of felt or the like, m, on each
side of the backing n of the shell B, whereby a rounded cavity is formed for the air-
bags. The air bags are thus not liable to be blown into crevases and possibly nipped
and burst.
We prefer to make the seam of the rubber air-bag F as shewn in Figure 11,
namely by inserting a gusset o between the edges of the bag, and joining the
gusset to such edges by cemented strips p. By this means the bag is strengthened
and distends more uniformly.
.
The lining C has, in most cases, an inner coat of canvas r.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. The lamination between the selvages of the skin of the rim A, of a welt a,
for the purpose of forming between said rim and the afterwale B, of a horse-collar,
a three-ply neck of sufficient width and strength to support the lacing D, by which
an inflated lining C is attached to said collar, substantially as described and illus-
trated.
2. The means of attaching the lining C to the neck which connects the fore and
afterwale of the collar, which consist in attaching an apron c to the edge of the
lining, in piercing the double thickness thus formed, in threading the same with
loops of a lace 1, in bringing the apron c around the edge of the lining and also
threading it with such loops, in then passing said loops through holes in said neck,
and, finally, in lacing one loop through its neighbour, and tying the lace, sub-
stantially as described and illustrated.
3. The combination in an inflated horse-collar, of a rim A attached by its three-
ply neck to an afterwale B, an inflated lining in rear of said afterwale and attached
to the said neck by lacing D, and a strap passing round the neck and covering
said lacing, whereby the latter is protected from damp or injury, substantially as
described.
4. An inflated horse-collar comprising two separate air-bags, each extending
up one side thereof and terminating at the wind-pipe and nape, respectively, and
each contained in a separate lining, said lining being laced to the collar, whereby
one air-bag may be removed without disturbing the other, substantially as described
and illustrated.
5. An inflated horse-collar comprising a lining C of one piece of material, said
lining containing two separately inflated air bags, one at each side of the collar,
and gathered-in at the top and at the bottom of the collar by ligature leathers g
and h, whereby an air space exists between such parts and the nape of the neck
and the wind-pipe of the horse, respectively, substantially as described and illus-
trated.
6. The combination, in an inflated horse-collar of a lining C laced to the collar,
an inner bag E whose shape approximates that of the cavity within the lining C
and inserted therein, and an air-bag I whose shape approximates that of the bag E,
said air-bag being inserted and inflated within the bag E and lining C, whereby
the stress exerted on said bag, due to the pressure within it, is evenly distributed
over its surface, substantially as described.
7. An inflated horse-collar comprising two separate air-bags, each extending up
one side thereof and each contained in a separate lining laced to the collar, where-
in the air-valves of said bags are brought through apertures in the afterwale and
are closed by caps at the front surface of said afterwale, substantially as described
and illustrated.
S. The combination with and the disposition at each side of the usual backing n
of the shell or afterwale B, of pieces of felt m, whereby a rounded contour is
afforded to the cavity within said afterwale, and an unbroken surface is presented
to the inflated bag in rear of said afterwale, substantially as described and illus-
trated.
J. A. COUBROUGH,
Chartered Patent Agent,
10, St. George's Crescent, Liverpool, Agent for the Applicant.