matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
OR APPERTAINING TO WINDOW SASHES AND FRAMES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hook at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1881.
CHARLES HOOK, of Bridgwater, in the County of Somerset.
IN OR APPERTAINING TO WINDOW SASHES AND FRAMES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention consists in a novel mode or method of constructing window
frames and their sashes in such manner that sash weights and boxes therefor are
dispensed with, and a considerable economy in space and material effected.
To carry out my Invention I fix a pulley at the top of each side of the window
frame provided with a double groove. The sash frames are hung one to the other
by chains passing over said pulleys so that by raising the lower sash frame the
upper one is lowered to a corresponding distance, thus better ventilation being
ensured, or the sashes may change their positions for cleaning or otherwise.
The pulleys may be covered by a cap or otherwise, or they may be placed on
the sides of the frame, or the arrangements can be modified to suit different
situations.
Thus one sash counterbalancing the other all weights and their accessions are
dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING LEATHER TO PREPARE THE SAME FOR SPLICING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Hepworth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1881.
ISAAC HEPWORTH, of Littletown, near Leversedge, in the County of York,
Machine Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
LEATHER TO PREPARE THE SAME FOR SPLICING."
This Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for cutting or chamfering the
edges of sheets of leather, being particularly adapted for cutting the splices of the
rubbers of carding engines. The machine consists of two fluted rollers mounted in
suitable framework and capable of adjustment according to the thickness of the
leather.
Between the rollers is fixed a knife at an angle which may be varied so as to
produce a long or short splice.
It is not necessary to have the rollers as long as the width of the sheet of
leather, as by mounting them so as to leave one end free, the bulk of the leather
may rest upon a table, the edge only passing between the rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF METALLIC AND OTHER POWDERS UPON STRAW HATS OR BONNETS GENERALLY, AND MORE PARTICULARLY UPON THOSE KNOWN AS STRAW LACE BONNETS, AND ALSO UPON OTHER ARTICLES AND FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mathilde Andrieux at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1881.
MATHILDE ANDRIEUX, of Neuilly (Seine), in France, Spinster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE APPLICATION OF METALLIC AND OTHER POWDERS UPON STRAW HATS OR
BONNETS GENERALLY, AND MORE PARTICULARLY UPON THOSE KNOWN AS STRAW
LACE BONNETS, AND ALSO UPON OTHER ARTICLES AND FABRICS."
This Invention relates to a novel process of applying metallic and other powders
upon straw hats or bonnets generally, and particularly upon those known as straw
lace bonnets ("chapeaux dentelles de paille"), also upon woollen stuffs, which
articles thus treated become novel products.
This process is at the same time an improvement for the application of these
same powders upon lace, velvet, silk, guimp lace, small wares, tulle, and other
fabrics.
The novelty of this process consists not only in that it was necessary to find one
or more of the most adhesive agglutinants, but also that it was important, the
powders being applied, that the straw lace bonnet or the guimp lace and satins, the
lace properly so called or other article, should preserve its suppleness or pliability
so that the modiste or milliner and the seamstress may use it at their pleasure
and without difficulty.
This agglutinant or adhesive mixture is a compound of soap, of oil, of varnish, and
starch in suitable quantities.
The most simple method of proceeding is as follows:-
This adhesive mixture is spread with a brush upon the whole of the article to be
decorated, or only upon such parts as may be deemed suitable; then when this
sort of preparation begins to take, powder is sprinkled so as to obtain on the straw
hats or bonnets and the above mentioned fabrics a very adhesive spangling
pailleté," of one or of several shades, tints, or colors, according to the taste which
has presided over the composition of the work.
"
Once dry, if it is desired to change the effect produced, recourse may be had to a
very transparent varnish, colored blue, red, green, or of any other shade, which,
combined with the shades of the spangling, produces very pretty contrasts of color.
IMPROVE MENTS IN AND RELATING TO NEEDLES AND NEEDLE SLIDES OR BARS FOR SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Foljambe Burgess at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1881.
THOMAS FOLJAMBE BURGESS, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar.
"IMPROVE
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO NEEDLES AND NEEDLE SLIDES OR BARS FOR
SEWING MACHINES."
In ordinary sewing machines when a needle has to be inserted it is often a very
serious matter fitting another into position. If the eye be not placed exactly at
right angles the thread cuts, while if not placed at exactly the right height stitches
are missed, and the machine does not work properly.
Now my Invention consists in arrangements by which when the needle is
pushed in to the right height it comes against a solid abutment, and when turned
round and pushed up at the same time is locked or stopped at the position where
the eye is exactly true.
There are several modes of doing this, all however on the same principle, the
best form in each instance varying with the shape of the needle bar.
One plan that I propose to adopt in a large number of instances consists in
cutting away a portion of the bottom of the needle bar to the depth of, say, a
millimetre or a twenty fifth of an inch, and constructing the needle with a
projection corresponding to the part cut away. By simply pressing upward the
needle and turning it round till the projection falls into the cut away portion the
needle is accurately fitted without trouble. Of course in this case all the needle
bars must have the same segment cut away and the projection must be accurately
placed on the needle, so that when placed in position in the needle bar the eye
shall be right vertically and as regards its angular direction.
In some cases where the needle is very thick a hole can be bored through it, in
such position that when placed exactly right its orifices shall coincide with a hole
in the needle bar, and a pin or key placed through the holes shall hold it rigidly
in place.
The projection can be made by turning a collar on the needle and then cutting
away the portion corresponding to the remaining surface not cut away of the
needle bar. By this means all that is required is simple cutting away from plane
surfaces and the turning of the needle with a projection, or in lieu thereof drilling
a couple of holes and chaining or otherwise attaching a small pin thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NOSE BAGS FOR HORSES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Archibald at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1882.
JOSEPH ARCHIBALD, of Marloes Road, Kensington, in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN NOSE BAGS FOR HORSES."
My Invention has for its object to prevent the loss of grain which takes place
with the present construction of nose bags for horses or other animals owing to the
tossing of the bag by the head of the animal whilst feeding. My Invention
consists in sewing or otherwise fastening into the mouth of a nose bag, a flat,
circular or oval shaped ring of India rubber or other suitable material formed
with a central hole which is surrounded by a lip or flange of the samo material
as the ring and through this hole the mouth of the animal passes.
By this arrangement on the tossing of the bag the grain is prevented from
leaving it by coming in contact with the ring and all waste is thereby obviated.
The ring is strengthened by strips or fillets of leather or other material and is
provided with small ventilating holes suitably placed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND LATCHES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walker and Henry Baxter
Worsey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August
1882.
JOHN WALKER and HENRY BAXTER WORSEY both of Birmingham in the County
of Warwick Hardware factors and Manufacturers IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
AND LATCHES
"
Our invention consists in constructing and arranging in the manner hereinafter
described the parts of locks and latches, whereby the construction of the combined
lock and latch is simplified, the use of springs being dispensed with and the lock
and latch rendered unpickable.
The latch bolt is situated immediately over the lock bolt and turns upon a centre
at its rear end the said rear end being provided with an arm at right angles to the
bolt, on which arm the follower on the spindle of the knobs operates to raise the
bolt. The body of the bolt that is the greater part of the portion of the bolt
within the case is made of much greater depth than usual and the bolt is in
consequence so heavy that when at liberty to move it falls by its own weight
rendering the use of a spring to press it down unnecessary. The lower edge of the
latch bolt is parallel with the upper edge of the lock bolt and the two parallel bolts
are situated so close together that they nearly come into contact. The tumbler of
the lock bolt is weighted and has on its upper edge a projection which when the
tumbler is in its normal position bears against or almost bears against the lower
edge of the latch bolt. When by the introduction and turning of the key of the
lock, the tumbler is raised and the lock bolt is either shot or withdrawn the
tumbler in rising lifts the latch bolt. The weight of the raised latch bolt and
tumbler restores the tumbler to its normal position when it is no longer operated
upon by the key and the spring commonly used for that purpose is dispensed with.
The rising motion of the latch effected by the rising of the tumbler is so limited
that it does not lift the end of the latch bolt from its staple so that the action of
the latch is not practically interfered with by the action of the tumbler upon it.
In the lock case and at a point immediately above the level of the latch bolt,
when in its lowest position, we make a small hole opening on the inside of the
Ruins 231

page_text: room, to the door of which the lock is affixed. By passing a metallic peg or pin
through this hole the latch bolt is prevented from rising and as the latch bolt
cannot be either shot or withdrawn without lifting the tumbler and with it the
latch bolt the insertion of the said metallic peg or pin not only prevents the lifting
of the latch bolt but makes the lock unpickable.
Our invention is applicable to various kinds of locks and latches.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCH BOXES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest de Pass at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1882.
ERNEST DE PASS, of 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London, IMPROVEMENTS
IN MATCH BOXES,
My invention relates to improvements in match boxes, and it has for its object
to provide means whereby the flame of a match is protected from the wind, thus
permitting the match to be kept ignited, and enabling a person to obtain a light
for a cigar, cigarette, or pipe, when travelling on the road, or on an omnibus,
steamboat, &c.
For the purposes of my invention, the match box consists of two portions, one of
which serves as a receptacle for the matches, the other as a chamber, hood, guard,
or shield for the insertion of the lighted match. This chamber, hood, guard or
shield is formed with an opening at bottom, through which the lighted match is
passed, and is held; and at top, the said chamber is provided with a covering plate,
which may be perforated. In the outer wall of this chamber, hood, guard, or shield,
an aperture is formed, at such a height therein, as to be opposite the flame of the
match, and this aperture is of such a size as to admit the end of a cigar or cigarette
to be lighted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUSTAINING SLIDING WINDOW SASHES AND OTHER SLIDING ENCLOSING MEANS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Wilkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1882.
EDWARD WILKINS of No. 400 Wandsworth Road, in the County of Surrey
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUSTAINING SLIDING WINDOW
SASHES AND OTHER SLIDING ENCLOSING MEANS."
The object of the Invention is to dispense with the necessity for straps and
studs to sustain railway carriage windows in the desired positions, and the cords
and weights to other windows and shutters and to enable such and other windows
and shutters and sliding enclosures, where it is desirable to be able to sustain the
same in any position to which they may be raised, to be so held and yet admit of
their being lowered, without the necessity of undoing any fastening or catch, and
at the same time to prevent rattling and draught.
For this purpose I attach to, or form in each side of the frame of the window
sash or other sliding enclosure a box or recess, or boxes or recesses within each of
which is a plate or tongue piece hinged or turning on a centre of motion near
the top inner part of such box or recess and this plate is kept in a diagonal position
inclined towards the front at its lower free end by means of an india-rubber pad
or other suitable spring inserted behind it and against this inclined plate partly
within the box or recess and partly projecting so as to come in contact with the
sash or other enclosing means to be sustained is a roller of metal or other suitable
hard material.
The action of the parts is as follows. Upon raising the window or other
enclosing means the roller is moved within the box or recess and permits the
window sash or other enclosing means to be raised freely but as soon as the window
sash or other enclosing means being unsupported by the operator commences to
fall the roller in each box or recess comes in contact with and sustains the window
sash in its desired place, but on a slight additional pressure being applied the same
may be forced down to the extent required.
By these means economy in manufacture with great facility and saving of time
in use are secured.
- IN VEHICLE-AXLES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carl Pieper, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent of 109-110,
Gneisenaustrasse, Berlin, S. W., Prussia, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
A communication from Josef Fidel Schmid, Manu-
IN VEHICLE-AXLES."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Carl Pieper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th January 1882.
CARL PIEPER, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, of 109/110, Gneisenaustrasse,
Berlin, S.W., Prussia. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VEHICLE-AXLES." A communication
from Josef Fidel Schmid, Manufacturer, residing in Offenbach on the Main, Grand
Duchy of Hessia, German Empire.
This Invention relates to vehicles-axles, the boxes whereof are so arranged that
the lubricating-material is prevented from flowing out, and the improvement
consists substantially in making the nut on the end of the axle-arm with a conical
portion fitting into an internal cone of the obturating-ring which closes the
axle-box at its outer end.
The Invention is represented on the annexed Sheet of Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the axle and its box.
The arm or journal a passes over into a cylindrical neck b, somewhat smaller in
diameter than the former, and fitted with a flat surface f, Fig. 4, while the end of
the arm is provided with a screw-thread c, as usual.
The obturating-ring e, made of phosphor-bronze, and which fits tightly on the
neck b, has on its inside a flat part 1, Fig. 2, corresponding to the surface f, and
serving to prevent a rotation of the ring on the axle. A part of the ring e is
turned conical on the inside, and into this interior cone fits the conical portion of
the nut d. The said nut, which is shown in plan and in elevation by Fig. 3, is also
made of phosphor-bronze.
When the nut d is screwed into its place it presses the ring e against the inside
shoulder of the box, and the latter against the washer m inserted between the box

page_text: and the collar of the axle. At the same time, the counter-pressure of the inside
conical surface of the ring e against the cone on the nut d, causes so much friction
between these parts, that a liability of the nut to become slack, is obviated. The
wear of the parts rubbing against each other, especially of the leather washer m,
has to be compensated by screwing the nut tighter against the ring.
Having thus described the nature and object of this Invention, and the manner
in which it is to be carried out in practice, as communicated to me by my
correspondent, I hereby claim as new and important feature of the same,-
-
In combination with a vehicle-axle and an axle-box arranged to prevent the
agress of grease, the obturating-ring c made of phosphor-bronze and turned conical
on the inside for a part of its length, together with the nut d, also of phosphor-
bronze, which fits with a conical part into the interior cone of the ring, as
herein before described and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Carl Pieper, have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Twenty third day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-one.
CARL PIEPER. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS FOUNTAIN PENHOLDERS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April 1882. A communication
from abroad by Hugo Burckas, of Leipzig, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, IMPROVEMENTS
FOUNTAIN PENHOLDERS, a communication from abroad by Hugo Burckas, of
Leipzig, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
.
IN
This Invention relates to penholders provided with an ink reservoir and
commonly called fountain-penbolders, and has for its object to render them more
convenient for use.
The improvements consist; first in providing the cylindrical and hollow main
portion of the pen-holder with an inlet and a valve which is kept open, while the
pen is used, by the pressure of the finger upon a lever or plate connected with a
spring which closes the inlet, when not counteracted by the pressure of the finger.
The admission of air into the reservoir, and consequently the escape of ink is thus
prevented as long as the pen is not used. Also in the application of an inter-
changeable ink distributor made of a thin pipe carrying either a spiral spring or
any other suitable contrivance for transmitting the ink upon the inside of the pen.
The lower end of the ink reservoir is provided at the outside with a screw thread
and closed by a cap which forms a nut to the said screw thread and carries the
pen, which may either be fixed in a slit or attached to a sleeve which passes over
the cap. The said cap has an axial perforation which may be lined with a thin
pipe and which communicates with the air receptacle. The ink distributor is
introduced into this lining or perforation, so as to let the spiral spring or equivalent
contrivance project below, which spiral spring presses against the inside of the pen.
The essential feature of this part of the invention is that not only the pen, but also
the distributor is interchangeable.
When the penholder is not used, I pass a cylindrical sleeve over its lower end
which sleeve ends in a conoidal tubo and protects the pen. The invention further
consists in regulating the flow of ink by narrowing a part of the outlet pipe,
which may be effected by inserting a valve or by lining the outlet pipe internally
with an elastic pipe and surrounding this latter by a strap actuated by a spring, so
as to compress the pipe and prevent the flow of liquid, when not counteracted by

page_text: the finger. The strap is made in one piece with a pin projecting through the body
of the holder and provided with a screw thread, screwed into a button, the turning
of which alters the distance of the button from the body of the holder, thereby
modifying the travel of the shank and consequently the outflow of ink.
The upper end of the holder may be closed by a plug of indiarubber through the
axis of which passes a thin tube bent at a right angle in order to prevent the
escape of ink, the pipe being enclosed by a cylindrical cap screwed over the end of
the penholder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Everett Quirk at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1882.
THOMAS EVERETT QUIRK of Roslyn, Millbrook, St Heliers, Jersey One of the
Channel Islands "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES
"
The Invention has for its object improvements in tobacco pipes and relates to
means whereby the injurious fumes arising from the burning tobacco are arrested
and prevented from entering the mouth of the smoker.
For this purpose I form the pipe with a chamber intermediate of the bowl and
the mouth piece and I fill this chamber with tobacco so that all the smoke must
necessarily pass through the tobacco in the intermediate chamber before passing to
the mouth of the smoker.
By these means I' purify and cool the smoke without injuriously affecting its
flavour but on the contrary, the smoke is rendered both sweeter in flavour and
more healthful in use.
The method in which I prefer to carry my Invention into effect is to form a
chamber in the stem of the pipe, such chamber being formed in two parts
capable of being readily separated from each other and re-united when desired.
One of such parts is fixed to that part of the stem which is connected to the
bowl and the other to that part of the stem which is connected to the mouth
piece; thus when the tobacco in such intermediate chamber has become charged
with nicotine and other injurious matters from the burning tobacco, such tobacco
in the intermediate chamber can be readily removed therefrom by separating the
two parts of such chamber from each other when the tobacco therein can be
readily hooked out and such chamber cleansed previous to refilling the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN FOR THE REMOVAL OF THE GERM AND DUST AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by William Bleckly Dell, John Fyfe
Stewart and Edward Davies at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 7th February 1882.
WILLIAM BLECKLY DELL, JOHN FYFE STEWART both of No. 26 Mark Lane in the
City of London and EDWARD DAVIES of New Brighton in the County of Cheshire
'IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING WHEAT AND OTHER
GRAIN FOR THE REMOVAL OF THE GERM AND DUST AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES"
Our Invention has mainly for its object to effect the splitting of wheat in the
crease of the grain, in order to remove therefrom the germ and also the dust that
lodges in the crease. For this purpose we employ two rollers or cylinders, one of
which has a series of longitudinal recesses formed in its surface of such a size that
a grain of wheat will just lie within them, while the other cylinder has a number of
corresponding longitudinal sharp projections or cutting edges. The two cylinders
are so geared together by suitable gearing that on being made to revolve a cutting
edge of the one cylinder will just enter a recess of the other cylinder at about the
middle of its width, and will consequently press upon and split the grain situated
therein In order to insure that the crease of the grain shall be presented to the
cutting edge we prefer to apply to the recessed cylinder, at a point beyond where
the grain is made to enter the recesses, a roller of india-rubber or other suitable
material that will have the effect of turning the grain in the recess so as to present
the face with the crease outwards. By preference the said roller is made to revolve
merely by contact with the revolving cylinder. For the sake of convenience we
prefer to make the recessed cylinder of precisely the same configuration as the
cutter cylinder, that is to say, the recesses or grooves between the cutting edges
would form the recesses for the reception of the grain, and thus the cylinders would
be interchangeable.
Although we prefer to gear the cylinders together as described yet in some cases
where great accuracy of the splitting action is not required, only the one cylinder
need be driven and the other receive its motion by contact therewith or with the
grain carried thereby. Although we employ the said apparatus mainly for
splitting wheat for the removal of the germ and dust, yet it will be evident that it
is also applicable for splitting other grain, for whatever purpose such splitting
operation may be required.

page_text: We also employ in combination with the said apparatus a screening cylinder or
surface into or onto which the grain is made.to pass after the splitting operation,
in order to remove the germ and dust therefrom, and we combine with such
screening surface a suction fan in order to draw off those light particles that may
adhere to the grain and that may not pass through the screening surface. We also
in some cases apply brushes, either outside or inside, or both, to the screening
surface in order more effectually to remove the dust and germs therefrom
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS OR Agent and Consulting Engineer LIGHT RAILWAYS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1882.
Communicated to him from abroad by Gustave Michelet of Brussels Belgium.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London Patent
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS OR
Agent and Consulting Engineer
LIGHT
RAILWAYS" [Communicated to him from abroad by Gustave Michelet of Brussels
Belgium]
This invention consists of improvements in tramways or light railways and
relates firstly to the rails and secondly to the tie bars.
The rail is composed of a main rail and a counter rail. The main rail is of the
Vignoles type. The counter rail is shaped so as to fit between the head and foot
of the main rail. The two rails thus fitted the one against the other are connected
by rivets or bolts at suitable distances apart and the whole constitutes a girder of
great solidity. The bearing surface consists of the ordinary double flange or foot
of the main or Vignoles rail and of a single flanged foot of the counter rail; this
surface is sufficient to allow of the rails being placed directly upon the ground.
The mode of connecting the two parts of the rail permits however of its being
readily adapted to the construction of ways placed directly upon sleepers or
supported by sleepers through the intermediation of chairs. The two rails held
closely together form practically only one which can be laid as readily as a
Vignoles rail.
The construction of the compound rail has the further advantage that fish plates
are not necessary, because by making the joints of the main rails a short distance
from those of the counter rails so as to break joint a perfect and rigid combination
is obtained. Between the joints of the main rail and counter rail bolts should be
used in place of rivets. The head of the counter rail may be shaped to receive the
flange of the wheels of the vehicles.
The tie bar is composed of flat or chamfered iron bent at a right angle at the
ends and bolted to the two rails which it has to maintain separated. The bolt
holes in the tie bars are elongated so that the position of the bar may be varied to
an extent equal to half the width of an ordinary paving stone. The bar is

page_text: therefore never an obstacle to the paving, and although the position of the bolts
which secure the bar is fixed the bar can always be adjusted to a joint of the
paving. The bolts for securing the bars have heads of special form which allows
of this displacement being effected within wide limits; one side of the head is
tangential to the cylindrical body of the bolt and allows the bar to be brought
very close to the axis of the bolt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF EXHIBITING BUTTONS AND SHOW CARDS THEREFOR.
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Willeringhaus, of Hamsell Street, in the city
of London for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
EXHIBITING BUTTONS AND SHOW CARDS THEREFOR.
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Willeringhaus at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1882.
"IMPROVE-
WILLIAM WILLERINGHAUS of Hamsell Street, in the City of London
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF EXHIBITING BUTTONS, AND SHOW CARDS THEREFOR."
This invention relates to an improved method of and show card for exhibiting
buttons of different colors or shades of color whereby the button of the required
color or shade to match the color or shade of a fabric or inaterial can be selected or
determined at a glance.
Hitherto it has been the practice to place several dozens of buttons, each having
a different color or shade of color side by side in rows upon an ordinary show
card and, as many of the shades of the colors closely approach one another and
the buttons have polished or glazed surfaces, it has been difficult and in many
cases impossible to select the required button to suit a particular shade of fabric.
Now my invention has for object to obviate these inconveniences, and a suitable
method of carrying out my invention is as follows:-I take an ordinary show card
and perforate it with a number of holes corresponding with the number of buttons
to be exhibited, such holes being of a larger diameter than the diameter of the
buttons and of circular or other shape: behind the show card thus perforated is
placed a piece or sheet of suitable material between which and each perforation of
the card is placed a piece of fabric, the colors and shades of the various pieces of
fabric corresponding with the colors and shades of the buttons to be exhibited.
The buttons are then attached in any suitable manner to the corresponding piece

page_text: of fabric and to the back piece or sheet; or the buttons may be attached to
the pieces of fabric only in such manner as to allow of any particular button
with its corresponding piece of fabric being easily removed from and replaced in
the card.
By these means a button to match any particular color or shade of fabric t
can with certainty be selected from a number almost at a glance and in different
lights.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Portway of the firm of Charles Portway and
Son of the Tortoise Stove Works Halstead in the County of Essex, for an
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Portway at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th July 1882.
CHARLES PORTWAY of the firm of Charles Portway and Son of the Tortoise
Stove Works Halstead in the County of Essex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS
STOVES."
The object of the invention is to obtain a simple economical and efficient gas
stove which may be readily applied for warming apartments and other places.
For this purpose I employ a burner such as is now generally in use in which
the gas is mixed with atmospheric air before combustion.
Over the flame obtained I apply a perforated block or loose pieces of asbestos
or of a combination thereof with other matters, through or between the parts of
which the heat passes and thence into a spiral chamber or series of chambers
formed of fire brick thus causing the heat to circulate in its passage to the flue.
A tube open at both ends passes by preference through the centre of the stove
for the passage of the ordinary air of the apartment or place thereby to warm such
air, and by means of which fresh air may be introduced from outside and warmed
previous to its dispersion in the apartment.
The whole of the parts may be enclosed in a sheet iron or other suitable case
and may be of various patterns or sizes.
The parts for the combustion of the mixed gas and air may be made to swing
on suitable joints for convenience of lighting and other purposes.

page_text: is placed to warm such air either from the apartment or place or the air to be so
warmed may be introduced from the interior.
Having thus described apparatus according to my Invention I would have it
understood that what I claim is the arranging or combining parts for Gas stoves
substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said Charles Portway have hereunto set my hand
and seal this tenth day of January in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
CHARLES PORTWAY (L.S.)
IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR CONTROLLING THE SPEED STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McCammon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1882.
JOHN MCCAMMON of Belfast in the County of Antrim Ireland, Mechanical
Draughtsman " IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR
CONTROLLING THE SPEED
STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES"
OF
This Invention relates to an improved mode of applying momentum, or momen-
tum combined with centrifugal force, obtained from a steam or other motive power
engine, to the regulation of the speed of such engine.
For this purpose I mount loosely, say on the crank shaft of the engine, a balance
wheel or disc preferably fitted at its side with brakes, which are held back out of
action by means of retaining springs. Near this balance wheel or disc, I fix a ring
or its equivalent concentric with the disc for the purpose of presenting a friction
surface to the brakes. To the crank or other shaft which carries the balance
wheel I fit the cut off excentric or its equivalent, mounting it loosely thereon to
enable it to over-run its shaft or drag upon it. To limit these independent actions
of the excentric I provide stops which will "bring up" the excentric and hold it
firmly to its shaft. Between the excentric and the balance wheel or disc I mount
a bevil pinion which runs loosely on a stud projecting radially from the crank or
other shaft. This pinion gears at its opposite sides into rings of bevil teeth, carried
the one by the cut off excentric, and the other by the balance wheel or disc. By
connecting the loose excentric with the loose balance wheel through this well known
arrangement of differential gear, I am enabled to adjust the excentric according to
the variations in the centrifugal force imparted to the brakes of the balance wheel
or disc, or to its momentum due to the varying speeds of rotation of the engine.
Thus supposing the engine to exceed its normal speed, the brakes will be thrown
out into contact with the stationary friction surface, and the balance wheel being
thereby retarded in its rotation the pinion which drives it will be caused to over-
run it, and thereby to throw forward the excentric on its shaft. This forward
motion of the excentric in advance of the crank shaft will have the effect of cutting
off the steam at an earlier part of the stroke and thereby bring down the speed of
the engine to its normal rate. So soon however as the speed of the engine drops,
the opposite effect will be produced; that is to say the brake springs will put

page_text: the brake out of action, and the balance wheel will, by means of the momentum
it has acquired, over-run the crank shaft and through the pinion, which for the
moment ceases to be its driver, will throw back the excentric and cause it to retard
the cut off, thereby adinitting an increased supply of steam to the engine.
It should be remarked that by increasing the weight of the balance wheel or
disc to a suitable extent, the centrifugal action of the brakes may be dispensed
with.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH RETORTS FOR OBTAINING FROM COAL OR OTHER BITUMINOUS MINERAL, ILLUMINATING OR HEATING GAS, OIL, COKE, AND OTHER PRODUCTS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hislop at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1882.
JAMES HISLOP, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH RETORTS FOR OBTAINING FROM COAL OR OTHER
BITUMINOUS MINERAL, ILLUMINATING OR HEATING GAS, OIL, COKE, AND OTHER
PRODUCTS
"
This Invention has for its object, to obtain improved results with increased
economy, when treating coal, or other bituminous mineral in retorts; and in
carrying it out the retorts are built of firebricks with their upper parts vertical to
admit of convenient filling at their upper ends, and with their lower parts inclined
to facilitate the withdrawal of the residuary coke.
The retorts are of oblong cross section, and each has a passage formed down the
inside of it by a small angular partition built near one of the narrow sides with
the angle projecting towards the centre. The sides of the partition are perforated
and the gas or vapor as it is generated at any part of the retort has immediate
access into the side passage without passing through all the materials above it, the
top of the passage being in communication with the outlet pipe by which the gas
or vapor passes to the main pipe leading to condensers and to apparatus for
purifying it and for separating the various products in any usual or suitable
manner. When the retorts are large enough to conveniently admit of it, internal
passages with perforated sides may be made at both the narrow sides of it.
The improved retorts may be arranged in various ways in connection with the
furnaces for heating them. In one convenient arrangement there is one furnace to
a set of four retorts, and this furnace is in direct communication with the under
The retorts are built within an
sides of the bottom inclined parts of the retorts.
oven or chamber in which partitions or passages are formed to lead the fire gases
up the outer sides of the retorts and then down into the middle space between the
retorts the gases passing from this middle space into the outlet flue which
communicates with the chimney.
IMPROVED METHOD OR MEANS OF APPLYING EARTHENWARE TUBES OR PIPES FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF GAS, WATER UNDER PRESSURE OR WITHOUT PRESSURE, SEWAGE DRAINS, CESSPOOLS, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES OR OUTLETS.
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1882.
GEORGE SMITH of Bradford in the County of York, Architect. IMPROVED
METHOD OR MEANS OF APPLYING EARTHENWARE TUBES OR PIPES FOR THE
CONVEYANCE OF GAS, WATER UNDER PRESSURE OR WITHOUT PRESSURE, SEWAGE
DRAINS, CESSPOOLS, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES OR OUTLETS.
The said invention relates to employing earthenware tubes or pipes instead of
cast iron tubes or pipes, the said earthenware tubes or pipes being so laid and fitted
as to provide for the resistance of greater pressure than provided by the ordinary
plan of laying tubes or pipes now in use, besides preventing the escape of gas or of
water under pressure.
For this purpose I employ ordinary earthenware tubes or pipes and by preference
made with sockets and I make the joints with cement, putty, white lead or other
similar material. The trench having been made I form a bed of mortar or cement
and by preference of concrete and lay two lengths of tubes or pipes in the bed then
form the joint and cover over the said tubes or pipes with the said mortar, cement
or concrete and proceed to lay the other tubes or pipes in a similar manner and for
any length required and afterwards cover the tubes or pipes with the same material
in fact embed them in mortar or cement and by preference in concrete, the length
of the tubing or piping can be finished in sections and each section joined to the
other, by which means I increase the strength of the tubing or piping and prevent
the escape of gas or water under pressure; I may also form tube or pipe passages
of concrete by employing cores and filling round the cores with concrete, then
drawing out the core and bringing it forward to form another length with concrete
the operation to proceed until the desired length is finished and I thus construct
passages for the conveyance of gas, water, sewage, drains, cesspools or any other
outlets.
I also regulate the pressure in tubes or pipes by employing cisterns fitted at
suitable levels and distances and supply each separate level from the one
immediately above it by means of self feeding cisterns having self acting ball
valves.

page_text: I also prevent the sudden emptying of a body of water in the event of a leak in
one place, by employing several cisterns of suitable shape and size, the whole forming
a cistern coupled together forming reserves; for this purpose I take several earth-
enware pipes and place them on end in one or more rows and each set of two or
more pipes coupled at or near the bottom the whole to be placed on a level in a
trench or otherwise; in the event of a leak or loss of water the fault would be
localised by separating each cistern or set of cisterns from the adjoining cistern.
IMPROVEMENTS IN
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles John Dawson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1882.
CHARLES JOHN DAWSON of Leeds in the County of York
IRON AND WIRE FENCING
>>>
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My improvements relate to the means employed for fixing and retaining in
position horizontal bars or wires employed in such fencing as is described in the
Specification of the Letters Patent granted to Richard Sarginson Moncaster bearing
date 5th February 1878 No 477, and also to other fencing having H iron uprights
or standards.
For the above purpose I provide a metal loop having two concave pieces
projecting therefrom at right angles, these projecting pieces are made of such a
size as to fit loosely between the flanges of the above mentioned uprights or
standards, and when in position the projecting pieces may be tightened or made
secure between the flanges, by a blow from a hammer or other pressure, which
straightens or lessens the concavity of the projecting pieces. By such means a
firm support is provided for the horizontal bars or wires.
The loop is of a U shape, so that it is not necessary to thread the horizontal bar
or wire through it, but on such wire or bar being placed in position the loop can be
slipped over it and the projecting pieces passed between the flanges of the uprights
or standards.
The above arrangement is found very advantageous, when spikes or projecting
picces are used on the horizontal bars or wires.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING FIBRES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Samuel Cooke Carpet Manufacturer and Arthur
Hardwick Foreman Spinner both of Liversedge in the County of York for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING FIBRES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Samuel Cooke and
Arthur Hardwick at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
22nd June 1882.
JAMES SAMUEL COOKE, Carpet Manufacturer and ARTHUR HARDWICK Foreman
Spinner both of Liversedge in the County of York IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR
SPINNING FIBRES.
This invention relates to improved apparatus applied to mules for spinning
fibres and the object is to produco increased quantity of yarn on a mule of given
length.
Mules constructed according to this our invention comprise a double row of
spindles, the spindles forming tho back row being opposite the spaces between the
spindles of the front row, the traverse levers for actuating the guide wires are
arranged inside the rail between the tin cylinder and the spindle rail the inner or
back of spindles aro made shorter than the front row and the guide wires of each
pair of spindles are connected by cross guide wire at such angle as to prevent the
distribution of the onds or yarn over the respective bobbin or spool without risk of
entanglement.

page_text: supporting lever 2 work through or within a guide slot at 27. and is operated by.
lever 15. and weighting motion 18 in the usual manner.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of this our said invention
together with the manner in which the same is to be performed or carried into
practical effect we would have it understood we are quite aware that mules for
spinning fibres having double rows of spindles and duplicate fallers have been
described (prior to our invention) and to which we lay no claim what we do
claim is
Firstly The general construction and arrangement of our improved apparatus
substantially as and for the purpose herein described and as illustrated by the
drawings hereto annexed
Secondly-The combination of a faller lever as constructed and operated by a
swell and cam piece with a supporting lever substantially as and for the purpose
herein described and as illustrated by the drawings hereto annexed
Thirdly. The combination and arrangement of spindles draw rollers and faller
and supporting levers in such manner that the points of the spindles are on
different levels and the yarns in different planes as herein described and illustrated
by the drawings.
In Witness whereof we the said James Samuel Cooke and Arthur Hardwick
have hereunto set our hands and seals this nineteenth day of December in
the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
MENTS IN PREPARATIONS FOR PRINTING OR DECORATING TO OBTAIN METALLIC EFFECTS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gibson at the Office of the
*Commissioners of Patents on the 8th July 1882.
JAMES GIBSON of Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Drysalter,
"IMPROVE
MENTS IN PREPARATIONS FOR PRINTING OR DECORATING TO OBTAIN METALLIC
EFFECTS
"
My Invention relates to the treatment of bronze powders or metallic preparations
of a similar nature in order that they may be rendered capable of being used in
printing woven fabrics or other materials. I dissolve caoutchouc in Carbonised,
di-sulphide or sulphide of carbon and I add thereto a proportion of mineral naptha
or other suitable solvent of caoutchouc and I mix with the solution so obtained
gold or silver bronze powders or other so termed bronze powders according to the
effect which it is desired to obtain. The preparation so formed may be applied to
woven or other materials by ordinary or suitable printing processes or may be
applied as a paint or be otherwise applied in the decoration of surfaces. prefer
to purify the carbonised di-sulphide before dissolving the caoutchouc therein and
this purification I effect by exposing copper foil or sheet or particles or pieces of
copper to the action of the said liquid with the presence of water. In some cases
I may dispense with the naptha.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRIVING ROPES
Year: 1882

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Rowbottom at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1882.
JAMES ROWBOTTOM of Hole House Mill, Charlesworth in the County of Derby
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRIVING ROPES
"
In performing my invention I first make a strong rope of cotton or other vegetable
fibre and then lap it with a small rope or cord formed partly of cotton or other
fibre and partly of metal-I place one straight wire in the centre of the lapping
rope or cord or I place one or more straight or spiral wires in one or more of the
strands of the lapping rope or cord. Ropes lapped in this manner are much more
durable than those made in the usual way, and they do not unravel when cut or
worn. In some cases I place wire in the strands of the strong driving rope.