Year: 1899

page_text: THOMAS HENRY HUGHES HOLMES, Joiner, 50, Cromwell Road, Great Grimsby,
Lincolnshire, England, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows;-
That it will keep at a temperature of about 40 degrees solely through the
construction of the ice chamber viz. built so the bottom of joists carrying ice
is within one fifth of the height from the floor to allow the cold air to escape into
the cooling room, on the side of ice chamber at the top an opening to be left
one seventh of the height of cooling room to admit the air after it as ascended
through the articles & thereby got warmer, it then melts the ice & causes
a strong current to escape through the bottom opening until the cooling room
is at about 40 degrees when the ice melts slower, & prevents the cooling room
going down to freezing point thereby keeping an even temperature & dry currant
of air always moving. Also one space one ninth of height of room, one third of
height from top to be open when ice is one fourth melted. All openings to have
well fitted doors to close when cooling room is empty to prevent ice from melting.
Dated this 19th day of May 1899.
THOMAS HENRY HUGHES HOLMES,
Joiner, 50, Cromwell Road, Great Grimsby, Lincolnshire.
I, THOMAS HENRY HUGHES HOLMES, of 50, Cromwell Road, Great Grimsby
Lincolnshire, Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to that class of refrigerators or cooling chambers in
which a low temperature is maintained by causing the air of such chamber to
circulate over the surface of blocks of ice conveniently situated for that purpose;
and my improvements consist in arrangements whereby such circulation is effected
so as to ensure the best possible results.
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a refriger-
ator or cooling chamber constructed in accordance with my invention, and
Figure 2 is a transverse section thereof looking towards the ice chamber.
a are the walls and 6 the roof of the cooling chamber, which may be constructed
of wood with insulating material between in the usual manner. c is the floor

page_text: which may be of concrete or other bad conductor of heat. A suitable entrance
door and fittings on which the meat, fowls, or other articles to be cooled are to
be hung or laid are provided but not shewn in the drawings. d is the ice chamber
on the open floor or grid e of which the blocks of ice are stacked, the back f and
front of the chamber being. also preferably of open timber work as shewn.
his a shallow tray or tank supported on the stand and intended to receive the
water as it falls from the melting blocks of ice, and from which it may be drawn
away in any convenient manner.
jis a partition separating the ice chamber d from the rest of the refrigerator.
This partition is furnished with three openingsk, land m, extending entirely
across the refrigerator, and provided with flaps or doors, n, o, and 2), as shewn.
It will be understood that if the ice chamber be charged with ice, and the
doors n and p be opened and the door o closed the comparatively warm air in the
upper part of the ice chamber becoming gradually cooled by contact with the
ice, fails to the lower part of the chamber and through the opening m into
that part of the chamber which contains the articles to be cooled, displacing the
warm air therein and causing it to rise and pass through the opening into the
ice cliamber A continuous "circulation of air throughout the retrigerator is
thus effected and the heat is gradually taken up from the articles stored therein.
It is of great importance, that, this circulation should be, properly regulated,
and I have found that in order to maintain a temperature of about forty degrees
Fahrenheit, and thus obtain the best results, the following proportions should be
adhered to as closely as possible. The opening k should be at the top of the
chamber and of a height or width equal to one seventh of the total distance
between the floor and ceiling of the chamber; the opening 1, one-ninth of such
distance; and the opening m one fifth of the same. The distance between the
top edge of the opening and the ceiling should be one third of the total distance
from the ceiling to the floor; and the top edge of the opening m should coincide
more or less with the underside of the grid e.
The opening should not be uncovered until the temperature of the ice chamber
and that of the refrigerating chamber are approximately equal, or say until one
quarter of the ice is melted; and all of the openings k,l and m should be closed
when the refrigerating chamber is empty so as to prevent the ice contained in
the ice chamber from melting wastefully, and for this reason the flaps or doors n,
o, p, should be well fitted and comparatively air-tight.
In cases where it is more convenient to place the ice-chamber horizontally at
the top of the refrigerator instead of at the end or side thereof, I prefer to form
the openings corresponding to k, l, and m at the two ends of the ice chamber one
of which ends contains the openings and 1, and the other the opening m the
proportions being preferably as herein before stated. In this case the warm air
would ascend to the top of the room and enter the upper part of the ice-chamber
through the opening, pass in a horizontal direction over the ice, and leave the
ice-chamber at the other end by the opening m, the necessary spaces being left
between the ends of the ice-chamber, and the walls of the refrigerator for that
purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is: -
First. A refrigerator or cooling chamber provided with a partition ; having
openings k, l, m, furnished with flaps or doors n, o, p, substantially as described
with reference to the drawings, and for the purpose specified.
Second. A refrigerator or cooling chamber provided with a partition ; having
openings l, m, furnished with flaps or doors n, o, p, the areas of the openings k,
1 m, being of the proportions specified, substantially as described with reference
to the drawings, and for the purpose specified.
Third. In a refrigerator or cooling chamber an ice chamber d, grids e, g,

page_text: partition j, openings k, l, m, with flaps or doors n, o, p, combined, arranged, and
operated substantially as described, with reference to the drawings.
Fourth. The refrigerator or cooling chamber substantially as described.
D
2011
1
1800
T. H. H. HOLMES,
Per W. H. Beck,
Agent, 115, Cannon Street, London, E.C.