A CERTAIN PROCESS OR PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THE COLORING MATTER
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Albert Gatty, of Accrington, in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention
of "A CERTAIN PROCESS OR PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THE COLORING MATTER
Sealed the 7th May 1869, and dated the 3rd March 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Albert Gatty
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd March 1869.
I, FREDERICK ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, in the County of Lan-
caster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A CERTAIN PROCESS OR PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THE
COLORING MATTER OF MADDER AND ANOTHER USEFUL PRODUCT," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in a process or processes for obtaining the
coloring matter of madder and soap from the fatty compounds
described in my Patent dated the Ninth June, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight, No, 1297, these fatty compounds are obtained
by adding an acid or an carthy salt to the soap liquors of calico printors

page_text: aud Turkey red dyers, in which cotton goods or yarns previously dyed
or printed with madder or preparations of madder have been cleared
or brightened.
After all the earthy oxides have been removed from the fatty com-
pounds by treating them with an. acid, and washing with water as
described in the Specification of the Patent above referred to, I
subject the said fatty compounds to the action of a solution of soda
or potash, or their carbonates of such a strength that soap will not
dissolve in it, the coloring matter of the madder will then dissolve,
and the fatty acids will be transformed into soap, and remain insoluble
in the alkaline solution of the coloring matter, from which it is
separated by filtering or other suitable means. The alkaline solution
is neutralized with an acid, and the precipitated coloring matter is
collected upon a filter. The soap is purified by repeated boilings in
lyes composed of common salt and more or less of the alkali employed.
If the fatty compound contains much coloring matter I boil it with
a solution of alum or other salt of alumina before subjecting it to the.
action of the alkali in order to remove a certain portion of the coloring
matter, thereby facilitating the purifying of the soap.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Albert Gatty, in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 25th August 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRED-
ERICK ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the 32nd
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, Her special license
that I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,

page_text: exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"A CERTAIN PROCESS OR PROCESSES POR OBTAINING THE COLORING MATTER OF
MADDER AND ANOTHER USEFUL PRODUCT," upon the condition (amongst others)
tliat I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, my executors or administra-
tors, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature.
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be:
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date.
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in a process or processes for obtaining the coloring
matter of madder and soap from the fatty compounds described in the
Specifications of former Letters Patent, granted to me on the Thirty-first
day of March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, No. 679,
and on the Ninth day of June One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
eight, No. 1297; these fatty compounds are obtained by adding au acid
or an earthly salt to the soap or clearing liquors of calico printers and
Turkey red dyers in which cotton goods or yarns previously dyed or
printed with madder or preparations of madder have been cleared or
brightened..
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the means pursued.
by me.
After all the earthy or other oxides have been removed from the
fatty compounds by treating them with an acid as described in the
Patents above referred to, dispensing however with the boiling with car-
bonate of soda before the earthy oxides have been removed as referred.
to in the Patent of the Thirty-first of March, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight, No. 679, I take fifty pounds of the said fatty
compound, and add six gallons of water with which it. is well stirred,.
I then add nine gallons of caustic soda at twenty-four degrees of
Twaddle's hydrometer, and mix the whole well together, raising the
temperature to about ninety degrees Farenheit, if the temperature is

page_text: raised higher a larger quantity of soda is required. The coloring matter
is now dissolved, and the soap and other materials are separated from it
in the following manner :-I use strong cotton or linen bags as filters,
which are filled with the mixture, and pressure is applied to them in
order to obtain as much of the liquid as possible. I then add an acid,
(by preference sulphuric acid) until the solution is acid and the coloring
matter precipitated, the coloring matter is then collected upon a filter
and washed with water until it is free from acid. It may then be dried
or used in the wet state for dyeing and printing. In place of soda,
other alkalies may be used, but I prefer to use caustic soda. I now
take the solid matter composed of soap and other materials out of the
filter bags, and boil it with from eight to ten times its own weight of a
solution composed of common salt at twelve degrees of Twaddle's
hydrometer, containing from one-fifteenth to one-twentieth part of
caustic soda, until the soap has come to the surface. The whole is then
left to cool and the soap taken from the top. The liquid still contains
a certain quantity of coloring matter in the shape of a gelatinous
substance with which are also combined the impurities of the fatty
compounds; this gelatinous substance .I separate from the alkaline
liquid by filtering, and to the solid or gelatinous portion I add an excess
of sulphuric acid, but muriatic acid will answer the same purpose, and boil
it for about half an hour, when cold the solid matter is collected on a
filter and washed with water, it may then be used for dyeing and printing.
The operation of boiling is repeated until the soap is sufficiently pure,
and according to the kind of soap required the relative proportions of
common salt and soda are varied, for an alkaline soap more soda is used,
and for a neutral soap a solution of common salt alone may be used for
the last boiling. I find that three or four boilings are generally
sufficient to obtain a pure soap. The alkaline lees may again be used
for boiling fresh portions of soap after the coloring matter and the
impurities have been separated from it by filtering or otherwise. If
the coloring matter is not required to be pure, the fatty compounds may
in the first instance be boiled with the solution of common salt. and soda,
without having first extracted the pure coloring matter with soda alone,
but in this case a larger proportion of soda is required. I find that
five parts of solution of common salt to one of soda of the same strength
as stated above give good results. In every other respect I proceed in
the same way as if the fatty compound had been treated with soda as
stated above previous to the boiling. The coloring matter obtained by

page_text: this means is much less pure than that obtained by the process with soda
alone, which I prefer to adopt. I sometimes extract the coloring matter
from some of the fatty compounds by boiling them with alum or other
salt of alumina; this process is particularly applicable when the compound
contains much coloring matter or impurities soluble in alkalies. In this
case I take one hundredweight of fatty compound, and one hundred-
weight of alum, or an equivalent of sulphate or other soluble salt of
alumina, and eighty gallons of water, and boil the whole for half an hour
and then run it into a filter in order to separate the solution from the
fatty matter and impurities. About seven pounds of sulphuric acid may
be added to the solution to hasten the separation of the coloring matter.
When cold the coloring matter is collected on a filter and washed with
water, it may then be used for printing or dyeing. The fatty matter is
freed from the adhering alum by washing first with hot water and
sulphuric or muriatic acid; and then with cold and pure water. The
fatty matter may then be transformed into soap as stated above.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the exact proportions or strengths of the ingredients nor to
the particular degrees of heat set forth, as these may be varied without
materially affecting the result, but what I do claim as my Invention
is,-
Firstly, obtaining the coloring matter of madder by extracting it with
an alkali from the fatty compounds described in my former Patents above
referred to, thereby obtaining soap at the same time as the coloring
matter.
And, secondly, I claim as my Invention obtaining the coloring matter
of madder from the said fatty compounds by extracting it with alum or
other salt of alumina as described above.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of August,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
F. A. GATTY. (L.S.)