IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEA TRAYS AND OTHER JAPANNED WARE, AND IN THE BOARD OR MATERIAL USED THEREIN, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1836

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BRINDLEY, of Caroline Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Paper
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the sixth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Brindley, His especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said William Brindley, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Brindley, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEA TRAYS AND
OTHER JAPANNED WARE, AND IN THE BOARD OR MATERIAL USED THEREIN, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the
said William Brindley, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
William Brindley, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to that description of japanned ware which is made
from paper, and it is well known that, according to the ordinary means now
employed and in general use, a series of sheets of paper are pasted one over the
other on a mould of the shape of the tea or other tray, or other article to be
completed by the japanners, and in so pasting the successive layers of paper
the same is at each layer thereof dried in a japaners' stove; and when the tray
or other article is of the degree of thickness required, it is cut from the mould
and dressed, all which is well understood by manufacturers of this description
of ware. But according to my Invention, I make such description of ware in
the following manner:-Having prepared the pulp, as hereafter described, I
proceed to make sheets of paper in the ordinary way by hand moulds, placing
sheet on sheet till the thickness of the intended board is obtained; I then place
over the same the ordinary cloth, to divide one thickness of the sheets first
made from those subsequently to be made, and composing, when pressed
together, the first thickness of board. I then place a series of sheets on such
cloth till the next thickness is produced, then place another cloth, and so on,
till such a number of thicknesses are prepared as the papermakers' press will
receive at one time, in order to express a large portion of the water from the
sheets of paper till the same becomes of that consistency that the paper may
be handled. So far the preparation of the paper or board in required thick-
nesses is similar. to that now pursued in making what is called "butten
board," that is, board which is used by button makers for the interior of
buttons covered with silk or other fabrics. Supposing it to be intended to
make a tea tray, two moulds of the shape and size of the tray are to be made
of sheet iron, or other suitable material, in order to receive a thickness of the
said board between them; a thickness of the board above described is to be
placed over one mould (the inner surface of such mould being previously oiled
with linseed oil), and pressed into it by the hand till it becomes of the figure of
the mould, when the other mould oiled on the outside to be placed on the
paper, as is clearly shewn in the Drawing in the margin hereof; these moulds,
with the material between them, are then to be placed between blocks of wood
or other material, and put into an ordinary screw or other press, as at a in the
sketch or Drawing in the margin; pressure is then to be exerted, by which
the paper will more intimately take the figure of the moulds, and the water be
expressed therefrom. The upper mould is then to be taken from off the tray,

page_text: in order to smoothen any unevenness of the surface by the hand, and if any
crack has been made, pulp is to be rubbed into the same. The upper mould
being again oiled is to be replaced, and the other
mould removed, to examine and mend, if neces-
sary, the outer surface of the tray. The lower
mould is again to be replaced, and the moulds,
with the partly formed tray, is again to be sub-
mitted to pressure, in like manner as above
described, but with increased pressure. And it
should be remarked, that such examination and equalization of the surfaces of
the tray will be required to be repeated two, three, or more times, depending on
the thickness of the paper between the moulds, and the degree of closoness to
which the manufacturer desires to have the materials pressed; and it may be re-
marked that several moulds, with trays between them, may be pressed at one
time. Having thus prepared the tray by pressure, the moulds are to be clamped
together or bound round with wire, in order to retain the paper closely pressed
between them. They are then to be put into a japanner's stove, heated from
about one hundred and twenty degrees to one hundred and eighty degrees of
Fahrenheit, as heretofore practised with paper trays, and there to remain till
the tray is well dried, when it is to be removed from the moulds, and dressed
in like manner to that pursued when a tray is produced in the ordinary manner
by pasting a series of sheets of paper one over the other; and the tray, when
produced according to my Invention, is to be dipped in the ordinary dipping
oil or liquid used, and in the ordinary manner pursued by japanners for such.
purposes, and is again to be dried in the stove, and is then to be completed by:
the japanner, as heretofore practised with respect to ordinary paper trays.
Having thus described the means pursued by me for carrying out my
Invention so far as it relates to tea and other trays, it will be evident that
other shaped articles may be produced for japanners, such as cruet stands,.
card racks, ornamental fire screens, and other articles now made by japanners
from board, produced by pasting a series of sheets of paper together, and such
articles may be cut from boards made according to my Invention, and as
hereafter described, or they may be made in moulds of the figure or shape
desired; and in order to produce boards for such and other purposes, I take a
thickness produced by a series of wet sheets of paper in the manner above
stated, and place them between two iron plates or plates of other suitable
material, the surfaces of which are to be oiled, as above described with
respect to the moulds for trays, and pressure exerted thereon, and the plates

page_text: of iron, with the paper between them, are to be bound or kept together
and submitted to a heated stove, as before described, till the board is dry,
when it is to be removed from between the plates and dipped in the liquid
usually employed by japanners for such purposes, and again submitted to the
stove to be again dried; when a hard compact board will be produced, from
which may be cut shapes, as before stated, for the japanner to complete, and
for various other purposes, such as bookbinding, where a hard close board of
the description above described may be useful. The description of pulp
employed by me is as follows:-I charge a common paper engine with
materials in the the following proportions. To thirty pounds of cotton and
linen rags, such as would be used if it were intended to make paper for
japanners' ware, and when the same is about half beaten into pulp, I mix ten
pounds of white paper scraps, and continue the process till the whole is farly
worked up into a fine pulp. I then add six pounds of yellow soap, one pound
of alum, three tea-spoonsfull of white vitrol, and four tea-spoonsfull of olive
oil. These being well incorporated or blended in the mill, the pulp is to be
drawn off into a vat as in ordinary paper making; I would, however, remark,
that although I prefer pulp of the description above stated, I do not lay any
claim to the same, nor do I confine myself to the use thereof; and I would
remark, that I am aware that efforts have been made to form trays direct
from pulp by pressing it between woollen cloths in moulds, such process being
described in the Specification to a Patent granted to Thomas Jones, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and five, but in such case the trays
were not formed of board which consisted of a series of sheets of paper, as I
have herein described.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I would wish it to be understood that I lay no
claim to the process or manufacture herein described, nor to the machinery or
apparatus used therein, other than is hereafter clearly pointed out. But what
I claim is that portion thereof which consists in taking paper boards produced
as above described, and in the state above explained, and by means of moulds
and pressure producing tea and other trays, which, like other paper trays, when
dried, dressed, and dipped in the ordinary oil or liquid, and again dried according
to the ordinary means resorted to, will be ready to be completed by the
japanners, as above described. And I also claim that portion of the process
of making paper boards which consists in pressing the paper in the state above
described between two iron or other suitable plain surfaces, drying the board
between such surfaces, and dipping the boards so produced in oil or liquid

page_text: employed for that purpose in making paper trays for japanners, and again
drying the boards, as above described, whether the same be used for japanners'
ware, or for the other purposes, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Brindley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BRINDLEY, of Caroline Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Paper
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the sixth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Brindley, His especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said William Brindley, my exors, adñors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Brindley, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEA TRAYS AND
OTHER JAPANNED WARE, AND IN THE BOARD OR MATERIAL USED THEREIN, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the
said William Brindley, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Brindley, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
of ware.
My Invention relates to that description of japanned ware which is made
from paper, and it is well known that, according to the ordinary means now
employed and in general use, a series of sheets of paper are pasted one over the
other on a mould of the shape of the tea or other tray, or other article to be
completed by the japanners, and in so pasting the successive layers of paper
the same is at each layer thereof dried in a japaners' stove; and when the tray
or other article is of the degree of thickness required, it is cut from the mould
and dressed, all which is well understood by manufacturers of this description
But according to my Invention, I make such description of ware in
the following manner: Having prepared the pulp, as hereafter described, I
proceed to make sheets of paper in the ordinary way by hand moulds, placing
sheet on sheet till the thickness of the intended board is obtained; I then place
over the same the ordinary cloth, to divide one thickness of the sheets first
made from those subsequently to be made, and composing, when pressed
together, the first thickness of board. I then place a series of sheets on such
cloth till the next thickness is produced, then place another cloth, and so on,
till such a number of thicknesses are prepared as the papermakers' press will
receive at one time, in order to express a large portion of the water from the
sheets of paper till the same becomes of that consistency that the paper may
be handled. So far the preparation of the paper or board in required thick-
nesses is similar to that now pursued in making what is called "butten
board," that is, board which is used by button makers for the interior of
buttons covered with silk or other fabrics. Supposing it to be intended to
make a tea tray, two moulds of the shape and size of the tray are to be made
of sheet iron, or other suitable material, in order to receive a thickness of the
said board between them; a thickness of the board above described is to be
placed over one mould (the inner surface of such mould being previously oiled
with linseed oil), and pressed into it by the hand till it becomes of the figure of
the mould, when the other mould oiled on the outside is to be placed on the
paper, as is clearly shewn in the Drawing in the margin hereof; these moulds,
with the material between them, are then to be placed between blocks of wood
or other material, and put into an ordinary screw or other press, as at a in the
sketch or Drawing in the margin; pressure is then to be exerted, by which
the paper will more intimately take the figure of the moulds, and the water be
expressed therefrom. The upper mould is then to be taken from off the tray,

page_text: crack has been made, pulp is to be rubbed into the same. The upper mould
being again oiled is to be replaced, and the other
mould removed, to examine and mend, if neces-
sary, the outer surface of the tray. The lower
mould is again to be replaced, and the moulds,
with the partly formed tray, is again to be sub-
mitted to pressure, in like manner as above
described, but with increased pressure. And it
should be remarked, that such examination and equalization of the surfaces of
the tray will be required to be repeated two, three, or more times, depending on
the thickness of the paper between the moulds, and the degree of closeness to
which the manufacturer desires to have the materials pressed; and it may be re-
marked that several moulds, with trays between them, may be pressed at one
time. Having thus prepared the tray by pressure, the moulds are to be clamped
together or bound round with wire, in order to retain the paper closely pressed
between them. They are then to be put into a japanner's stove, heated from
about one hundred and twenty degrees to one hundred and eighty degrees of
Fahrenheit, as heretofore practised with paper trays, and there to remain till
the tray is well dried, when it is to be removed from the moulds, and dressed
in like manner to that pursued when a tray is produced in the ordinary manner
by pasting a series of sheets of paper one over the other; and the tray, when
produced according to my Invention, is to be dipped in the ordinary dipping.
oil or liquid used, and in the ordinary manner pursued by japanners for such.
purposes, and is again to be dried in the stove, and is then to be completed by.
the japanner, as heretofore practised with respect to ordinary paper trays.
Having thus described the means pursued by me for carrying out my
Invention so far as it relates to tea and other trays, it will be evident that
other shaped articles may be produced for japanners, such as cruet stands,
card racks, ornamental fire screens, and other articles now made by japanners
from board, produced by pasting a series of sheets of paper together, and such
articles may be cut from boards made according to my Invention, and as
hereafter described, or they may be made in moulds of the figure or shape
desired; and in order to produce boards for such and other purposes, I take a
thickness produced by a series of wet sheets of paper in the manner above
stated, and place them between two iron plates or plates of other suitable
material, the surfaces of which are to be oiled, as above described with
respect to the moulds for trays, and pressure exerted thereon, and the plates

page_text: of iron, with the paper between them, are to be bound or kept together
and submitted to a heated stove, as before described, till the board is dry,
when it is to be removed from between the plates and dipped in the liquid
usually employed by japanners for such purposes, and again submitted to the
stove to be again dried, when a hard compact board will be produced, from
which may be cut shapes, as before stated, for the japanner to complete, and
for various other purposes, such as bookbinding, where a hard close board of
the description above described may be useful. The description of pulp
employed by me is as follows:-I charge a common paper engine with
materials in the the following proportions. To thirty pounds of cotton and
linen rags, such as would be used if it were intended to make paper for
japanners' ware, and when the same is about half beaten into pulp, I mix ten
pounds of white paper scraps, and continue the process till the whole is farly
worked up into a fine pulp. I then add six pounds of yellow soap, one pound
of alum, three tea-spoonsfull of white vitrol, and four tea-spoonsfull of olive
oil. These being well incorporated or blended in the mill, the pulp is to be
drawn off into a vat as in ordinary paper making; I would, however, remark,
that although I prefer pulp of the description above stated, I do not lay any
claim to the same, nor do I confine myself to the use thereof; and I would
remark, that I am aware that efforts have been inade to form trays direct
from pulp by pressing it between woollen cloths in moulds, such process being
described in the Specification to a Patent granted-to Thomas Jones, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and five, but in such case the trays
were not formed of board which consisted of a series of sheets of paper, as I
have herein described.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I would wish it to be understood that I lay no
claim to the process or manufacture herein described, nor to the machinery 'or
apparatus used therein, other than is hereafter clearly pointed out. But what
I claim is that portion thereof which consists in taking paper boards produced
as above described, and in the state above explained, and by means of moulds
and pressure producing tea and other trays, which, like other paper trays, when
dried, dressed, and dipped in the ordinary oil or liquid, and again dried according
to the ordinary means resorted to, will be ready to be completed by the
japanners, as above described. And I also claim that portion of the process
of making paper boards which consists in pressing the paper in the state above
described between two iron or other suitable plain surfaces, drying the board
between such surfaces, and dipping the boards so produced in oil or liquid

page_text: mployed for that purpose in making paper trays for japanners, and again
rying the boards, as above described, whether the same be used for japanners'
vare, or for the other-purposes, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Brindley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-sixth day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1836, the aforesaid William Brindley came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.