Improvements in Looms for Weaving Moquette Carpets and other Tufted Fabrics.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Nov., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 5th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 1st Oct., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving Moquette Carpets and other
Tufted Fabrics.
We, THOMAS MARTIN SOUTHWELL, of Bridgnorth, in the County of Salop,
Manufacturer, and THOMAS WILLIAM HEAD, of Bridgnorth, aforesaid, Loom Tuner,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to looms for weaving what are known as moquette carpets
and other tufted fabrics, more particularly to such looms wherein the tuft spools are
carried in endless chains or similar spool carriers and the tuft spools are removed from
the said carriers and replaced therein after inserting the tufts, by what are known as
transferring arms. It is important in looms of this kind that the spool carriers should
be moved very steadily otherwise the tuft yarns projecting from the spool frame ends
on the carriers are liable to be disarranged and cause waste of the tuft yarn; at the
saine time it is desirable that the portion of the spool carriers from which a spool is to
be removed be quickly brought into position for the spool to be engaged by the
transferring arms so as to prevent loss of time, which occurs in ordinary tuft looms of
this kind, by keeping the transferring arms waiting long after inserting a spool in the
carriers, while the next spool is being brought into position to be engaged by the said
transferring arms. It has been found in practice with looms of this kind hitherto in
use that owing to the great weight of the carriers, on account of the number of spools
required to be carried thereby to form the pattern, the said carriers cannot be so
quickly moved, as is desirable, without at the same time be very unsteady in their
movements.
The object of this invention relating to this portion of the loom is to provide means
whereby rapid and steady intermittent movements are given to the portion of the
spool carriers at the part where the spools are removed from and returned to the
carriers, whilst a slow continuous movement is given to the main portion of the said
carriers.
The spool carrier consists of endless chains arranged one on each side of the loom,
each chain being carried on and engaged by sprocket wheels as in ordinary looms of
this kind. A continuous rotary motion is imparted to the sprocket wheels which
carry the main portion of the carriers, but the lowermost sprocket wheel situated
where the spools are removed from and returned to the carrier receives rapid and
intermittent movements of partial rotation. Between this lowermost sprocket wheel
and the two sprocket wheels above it, the spool carrier, in the form of a loop is
of greater length (say by one link) than is sufficient to reach in two straight lines
between the said lowermost sprocket wheel and the two upper ones, and is maintained
taut or distended between the said wheels by loosely suspended arms having at

page_text: their ends anti-friction wheels which bear on the two sides or portions of the said
loop of the carrier. These arms are carried loosely on a stud or shaft which also
carries a spur wheel and a bevel wheel, the said spur wheel engaging with corresponding
wheels fast on the two shafts which carry the two upper sprocket wheels herein before
referred to, whilst the bevel wheel, on the stud or shaft on which the distending
arms are suspended, gears with a corresponding bevel wheel on a shaft which
receives a slow movement of rotation by worm and worin wheel gear, or otherwise,
from the cam shaft or other suitable part of the loom, so as to impart to the
portion of the spool carrier above the points of contact of the suspended arms with
the said carrier a slow continuous movement. This continuous movement is not
imparted to the portion of the spool carrier which is beneath the points of contact of
the suspended arms as while by the slow movement of the main portion of the said
carrier the drag thereof on one side of the loop of carrier which is bulged out or
distended by one of the suspended arms, is caused to assume a straight line between
the lowermost sprocket wheel and the two upper sprocket wheels, whilst the opposite
side of the said loop in the carrier is bulged out or extended to the same extent by
the other suspended arm. During the time that the bulging of the carrier is being
transferred from one side of the loop to the other side of the said loop, no traversing
movement of the carrier takes place round the lowermost sprocket wheel and while
this position of the carrier remains stationary, the spool, which had been previously
removed from the carrier for inserting a row of tufts in the fabric being made, is
replaced by the transferring arms. The spool having been inserted in the carrier a
motion of partial rotation is given to the lowermost sprocket wheel, by means of a
pawl and ratchet wheel operated by a cam as in ordinary looms of this kind, so as
to bring the next spool in the carrier into position to be engaged and removed by the
transferring arms. This motion of partial rotation causes the side of the loop in the
carrier, which was bulged out or distended by the suspended distending arms, to be
straightened and the opposite side of the said loop to be bulged out or distended, and
while the transferring arms are inserting the row of tufts from the spool carried
thereby and re-inserting the said spool in the space in the carrier from which it was
removed, the slow movement of the main portion of the carrier above the distending
arm effects the bulging of the carrier on the opposite side of the loop as before and
the operations herein before described are repeated. It will be understood that the
suspended distending arms have no positive motion imparted to them except by the
movement of the spool carrier.
In looms of this description, it is usual to employ a shuttle for inserting a cord to
engage the weft and form a selvage on one edge of the fabric, and the driver em-
ployed for giving motion to the shuttle is rigid: the movement of the shuttle is
effected by means of a cam, so as to cause the shuttle to advance and pass through
the loop of the weft and so place the shuttle cord in the said loop; the shuttle being
then caused to recede sufficiently to allow the weft to be pulled up tightly, after
which the shuttle is caused to again advance to pull its cord out straight and parallel
with the selvage. When however the lay moves forward to beat up the weft the
shuttle must again recede slightly otherwise more cord will be drawn from the shuttle
and an uneven selvage results. In practice this latter receding movement of the
shuttle has been difficult to effect, in looms of high capacity, in consequence of it
being necessary that this receding of the shuttle must take place only when the lay
in its forward movement reaches the exact point where it presses together the wefts
previously inserted, and should the weft vary in thickness, the point where the lay
contacts with the weft becomes changed. To overcome the above difficulty and
to ensure a better selvage being made the shuttle driver constructed according to
this invention is provided with a yielding arın which is caused by a spring to
bear on the heel of the shuttle, which arm will yield automatically at such
times that the pressure of the lay becomes in excess of the power of the spring
in consequence of increased thickness of weft. This construction also obviates
the necessity for the second receding movement of the shuttle and admits of
freedom for adjusting the cains for operating the shuttle and the lay to suit

page_text: other parts of the loom. In cases where two or three weft carriers or needles are
employed for simultaneously inserting two or three wefts a corresponding number of
shuttles are or may be provided for securing the said wefts. When two weft carriers
or needles are employed for making a three shot fabric two wefts may be
simultaneously inserted in the shed formed in the warps and one of the said wefts be
retained in the open part of the shed while the other one of the said wefts is beat up by
a beating up blade in the usual manner, after which a row of tufts is placed in position
in the warps by the tuft spool transferring arms and the other one of the two inserted
tufts beat up by the lay. The ends of the tufts are then by the ordinary combs
turned up and around the last. beat up weft. The shed is then changed by the usual
heddles, after which the tuft carriers or needles again enter the shed one needle only
carrying a weft which having been secured by the shuttle, and the weft needles
withdrawn is beat up by the lay and the shed again changed and the operations
repeated. Or to make a three shot fabric by the simultaneous insertion of three wefts
in two sheds simultaneously formed in the warps, two needles carry wefts into the
upper shed and the other needle carries a weft into the lower shed. The said wefts
being secured by the shuttle cords one of the wefts in the upper shed together
with the weft in the lower shed is pressed forward, whilst the other weft is retained
in the open portion of the upper shed by a finger or projection. A row of tufts is
now inserted by the tuft spool transferring arms, in position in the warp and then the
weft remaining in the open portion of the upper shed is beat up to hold the inserted
tufts in position. The sheds in the warp are then closed by the heddles and the
ordinary comb comes into action to turn the ends of the tufts up and around the
weft last beat up.
The warps are then operated by the heddles to form other sheds
and three wefts are then inserted in the sheds as before, two in the upper shed and
one in the lower shed and are beat up and tufts inserted as before, the operations
being repeated as often as required. It is understood of course that cams are
provided suitably shaped and timed to effect the operations described in their proper
sequential order described.
Dated this 5th day of November 1897.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving Moquette Carpets and other
Tufted Fabrics.
We, THOMAS MARTIN SOUTHWELL, of Bridgnorth, in the County of Salop,
Manufacturer, and THOMAS WILLIAM HEAD, of Bridgnorth, aforesaid, Loom Tuner,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to looms for weaving what are known as moquette carpets
and other tufted fabrics, more particularly to such looms wherein the tuft spools are
carried in endless chains or similar spool carriers, and the tuft spools are removed
from the said carriers, and replaced therein after inserting the tufts, by what are
known as transferring arms. It is important in looms of this kind that the spool
carriers should be moved very steadily, otherwise the tuft yarns projecting from the
spool frame ends on the carriers, are liable to be disarranged and cause waste of the
tuft yarn; at the same time it is desirable that the portion of the spool carriers,
from which a spool is to be removed, be quickly brought into position for the spool
to be engaged by the transferring arms, so as to prevent loss of time, which occurs

page_text: in ordinary tuft looms of this kind, by keeping the transferring arms waiting, long
after inserting a spool in the carriers, while the next spool is being brought into
position to be engaged by the said transferring arms. It has been found
in practice with looms of this kind hitherto in use, that owing to the
great weight of the carriers, on account of the number of spools required to be
carried thereby to form the pattern, the said carriers cannot be so quickly moved, as
is desirable, without at the same time being very unsteady in their movements. One
of the objects of this invention is to provide means whereby rapid and steady inter-
mittent movements are given to the portion of the spool carriers at the part where the
spools are removed from and returned to the carriers, by transferring arms, whilst a
slow continuous movement is given to the main portion of the said carriers. The
said spool carriers consist of endless chains arranged one on each side of the loom,
each chain being carried on and engaged by sprocket wheels as in ordinary looms of
this kind, but according to this invention the portion of each chain at the part where
the tuft spools are removed from and returned to the carrier is in the form of a loop
of greater length (say by one link) than is sufficient to reach in two straight lines
between the sprocket wheel in the lower part of the loop and the two sprocket wheels
directly above, round which the chain passes. The said loop is distended and main-
tained taut between the said lower sprocket wheel and the two upper sprocket wheels
by loosely suspended arms which bear on the two sides of the said loop in the chain.
These suspended distending arms have no positive motion imparted to them except by
the movement of the spool carrier.
Another object of this invention is to prevent excess of cord from being drawn from
the shuttle employed for inserting cord into the loops of the weft threads to lock the
wefts in the fabric and form the selvage. For this purpose we provide means whereby
in case of undue strain being exerted on the shuttle cord, the shuttle or the mechanism
connected with the shuttle driver can yield at such times and thus prevent excess of cord
from being drawn from the shuttle, and thus ensure a uniform selvage being formed on
the fabric whilst the yielding movement of the shuttle driver or parts connected therewith
admit of freedom for adjusting the cams for operating the shuttle, and the lay, to
suit other parts of the loom. In cases where two or three weft carriers or needles are
employed for simultaneously inserting two or three wefts, two shuttles are or may be
provided for securing the said wefts. When a three shot fabric is to be made two
weft carriers may according to our invention be simultaneously inserted in the shed
formed in the warps one of the said needles only on the first insertion carrying a
weft, which having been secured by the shuttle cord, and the weft carriers withdrawn,
is beaten up by the lay. The shed in the warps is then changed and the weft
carriers are again inserted, each needle carrying a weft; one of the said simultaneously
inserted wefts being retained in the open part of the shed by a retaining finger, while
the other one of the said wefts is beaten up by beating up blades after which a row
of tufts is placed in position in the warp threads, and the other one of the two
inserted wefts beat up by the lay. The ends of the tufts are then bent around the
last beat up weft, and the shed again changed and the operations herein before
described repeated. To make a three shot fabric by the simultaneous insertion of
three wefts according to our invention, two sheds are simultaneously formed in the
warps, two of the needles carry wefts into the upper shed, and the other needle
carries a weft into the lower shed. The said wefts being secured by the shuttle
cords, one of the wefts in the upper shed together with the weft in the lower shed
are pressed forward by blades, whilst the other weft is retained in the open portion of
the upper shed by a finger or projection. A row of tufts is now inserted in position
in the warp and then the weft remaining in the open portion of the upper shed is
beaten up to hold the inserted tufts in position. The sheds in the warp are then
closed by the heddles and the ends of the tufts are bent round the weft last beat up.
The warps are then operated by the heddles to form other sheds into which three
wefts are inserted as before, and the operations hereinbefore described repeated as
often as required. It is understood of course that cams are provided suitably

page_text: shaped and timed to effect the operations described in their proper sequential
order.
In order that our invention may be clearly understood we will further describe the
same with reference to the accompanying drawings of which Figures 1 and 2 are
elevations at right angles to each other of so much of a tuft loom as is necessary to
illustrate that part of our invention relating to the operation of the tuft spool
carriers, Figure 1 shewing the spool carrier in the position it assumes while a spool
is being removed from the said carrier to insert a row of tufts in the fabric, the
previously removed spool having been reinserted in the carrier, by the transferring
arms, Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1 shewing the removed spool as having
been just reinserted in the carrier, and the next spool in the carrier about to be
brought into position to be engaged and removed from the carrier by the transferring
arms. Figure 4 shews, partly diagrammatically, a slight modification in the arrange-
ment of the parts shewn in Figures 1, 2 and 3. Figure 5 represents in tranverse
section and Figure 6 in plan an arrangement according to our invention
for simultaneously inserting two wefts in a single shed, and means for
allowing the shuttle by which a cord is inserted in the loops of the weft
threads to yield. Figure 7 is a plan of the shuttle and shuttle driver, the
shuttle being shewn as entering the loops in two simultaneously inserted wefts.
Figure 8 shews in elevation and Figure 9 in plan the cam or tappet and mechanisın
connected therewith for operating the shuttle. Figure 10 is an elevation of the
arrangement for simultaneously inserting three wefts in a double shed, two of the
said wefts being inserted in one of the sheds and one weft in the other shed. The plan
of this arrangement is similar to the plan Figure 6 of the single shed arrangement
and therefore does not require to be repeated. Figures 11 and 12 shew on an
enlarged scale the formation of the weave by the simultaneous insertion of two wefts
in a single shed and Figure 13 is a view shewing the weave produced by the
simultaneous insertion of three wefts in two simultaneously formed sheds. Figures 14
and 15 are face views of the cams which operate the heddles in the single shed
arrangement. Figure 14 being the cam for operating the dead warp heddle and
Figure 15 one of the duplicate cams for operating the heddles of the binding warps.
Figure 16 is a face view of one of the duplicate cams for operating the heddles of
the binding warps in the double shed arrangement in which arrangement a dead
warp cam is not required as the dead warp always remains in the central position.
For the purpose of preventing complication in the drawings we have omitted the
cams for working the lay and other parts of the loom common to this class of loom
and which are well understood by those acquainted with the art, it being understood
that the several cams and operating parts are suitably timed to effect the several
movements in their sequential order hereinafter described.
In Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings we have shewn only one side of the loom
namely the side at which the driving mechanism for operating the spool carriers, is
arranged, it being understood that a similar arrangement is provided at the opposite
side of the loom except the mechanism for driving the spool carriers which driving
mechanisin is only required on one side of the loom-although this driving mechanism
may be duplicated if desired. The spool carrier consists of endless chains A with the
links of which chains, frames B in which the tuft spools C are mounted are caused to
engage as is well understood, the said frames B being constructed in the ordinary
manner. Each spool carrier chain A is carried on and conducted round sprocket
wheels D D1 D2 as usual but instead of as heretofore in looms of this kind imparting
to the whole of the spool carriers intermittent travelling movements to bring the
spools successively into position to be removed by the transferring arms, only a small
portion of the spool carrier has intermittent movement given to it whilst the main
portion of the said carrier receive a continuous slow movement. The lower sprocket
wheels D2 round which the chain, spool carriers pass are fast on a shaft or spindle D³
extending across the loom and mounted in suitable bearings in the loom frame or
on centres as shewn at a Figure 2 the two upper sprocket wheels D D' being fast
on shafts E E¹ mounted in bearings on a bean F or other suitable support

page_text: be
motion
continuous
of mechanism
situated above the loom as shewn. The other portion of the endless chains A
beyond the sprocket wheels D D¹ may be supported on any desired number of guide
wheels which are not shewn in the drawings the said chains with the spools carried
thereby being of great weight. The length of the chain A between the lower
sprocket wheel D2 and the upper sprocket wheels D D¹ is longer than is sufficient to
reach in straight lines from the said wheels D D' to the wheel D² and consequently
except for the arrangement according to this invention, as shewn in the drawing, the
chains would hang as a loose loop between the said wheels D D₁ and the wheel D².
To maintain this portion of the chain between the wheels D D¹ and the wheel D²
taut the two sides of the loop are engaged by arms G G preferably provided with
small sprocket wheels as at g to engage the links of the chain the engaging portions
of the said arms being at such a distance apart as to deflect the chain sufficiently to
take up the slack and render it taut between the wheels D D¹ and the wheel D². The
arms G G¹ are carried on a rod or spindle g¹ to which they may be fixed and the rod
or spindle be free to rock or oscillate on the bearings g2 or the rod or spindle may be
fixed and the arms G G¹ connected together in pairs either rigidly or (as preferred)
by springs and be mounted loosely on the said rod or spindle so as to be free to
oscillate thereon. A continuous slow motion is given to the main portion of the spool
carrier, that is to say the whole of the said carrier except that portion which is
contained between the points of contact of the oscillating arms G G
and the lower sprocket wheel D2. This slow
may
obtained by any suitable arrangement
a convenient
arrangement being shewn in the drawings consisting of a worm b on the cam or
a vertical
tappet shaft of the loom engaging in a worm wheel 62 keyed on
shaft c the said shaft having fast thereon a bevel wheel d in gear with a
corresponding wheel e on the shaft or spindle E of one of the upper sprocket
wheels D D. The shafts E E' of the said upper sprocket wheels D D¹ are geared
together by a chain H passing round and engaging with sprocket wheels H¹ H2 on
the said shaft E E¹ so that on a slow rotary motion being given to the vertical
shaft c, by the worm and worm wheel b² such motion is transmitted through
the gearing d and e to the shaft E and sprocket wheel D and thence through the
chain H, engaging the wheels H1 H2 to the sprocket wheels D¹ and in this manner a
slow continuous travelling motion is given to the portion of the spool carrier above
the points of contact of the said spool carrier with the deflecting arms G G¹ without
causing a travelling motion to the portion of the spool carrier below the said contact
points which portion remains stationary while the transferring arms I operate to
remove a spool from the spool carrier, insert a row of tufts in the fabric, and return
the removed spool to the spool carrier. The vertical shaft c is preferably made in
two parts connected together by a suitable coupling such as c¹ so that the two parts
can be readily separated to permit of the looped portion of the carrier being moved
in the reverse direction to remedy any defect which may occur in the order of the
tuft spools. During the movements of the transferring arms I the slow travelling
movement of the main portion of the spool carrier, continuing in the direction of
the arrows in Figures 1 and 3, a portion of the carrier above the contact point
therewith of the arin G¹ is taken up by the sprocket wheel D¹ whilst a like portion of
the said carrier is given off from the sprocket wheel D, and the spool carrier by
exerting pressure on the arm G¹ causes the arms G G¹ to oscillate on their shaft or
axis g thereby straightening the portion of the carrier between the sprocket wheels D¹
and D² and deflecting the portion of the said carrier between the sprocket wheels Dand D2
into the position shewn in Figure 3. By the time the spool carrier has moved into
the position shewn in Figure 3 the transferring arms I will have been raised
and reinserted the spool into the space in the spool carrier from which it had been
a motion of
removed and while the said transferring arms are in this raised position
partial rotation is given to the lower sprocket wheels D2 so as to bring the next
spool in the carrier into position to be engaged by the transferring arts I.
partial rotary motions may be imparted to the sprocket wheels D2 by any convenient
means for example as shewn in the drawings on the spindle D³ carrying the lower
The

page_text: sprocket wheels D there is fixed a ratchet wheel with which a spring pawl K¹
engages. The said spring pawl is pivoted to an arm or arms K² loosely mounted on
the spindle D³ the said arms or arm being connected by a rod K³ to a lever K* on which
a cam K³, on the tappet shaft of the loom, operates, at the required periods, to cause
the pawl to give the sprocket wheels D, intermittent partial rotation to bring the
spools in succession into position to be engaged by the transferring arms I. As the
construction of, and means for operating the transferring arins are as usual and
constitute no feature of the present invention we have not considered it necessary
to fully describe the same, it is however to be understood that the movements of the
said arms and the intermittent movements of the sprocket wheels D2 are suitably
timed to operate in the order required.
Each partial rotation given to the sprocket wheels D2 causes the oscillating
arms G G and the portion of the spool carrier between the sprocket wheel D² and the
wheels D D to move from the position shewn in Figure 3 into the position shewn in
Figure 1. The transferring arms then operate to carry a spool from the spool carrier,
insert a row of tufts in the fabric and return the spool to its position in the carrier,
the operation herein before described being then repeated until the desired length of
fabric is woven.
Instead of the spool carrier being deflected inwardly by the arms G G¹ as shewn in
Figures 1 and 3 the said arms may be arranged as shewn diagrammatically in Figure 4
so as to deflect the said carrier in an outward direction and instead of driving the
sprocket wheel D' from the sprocket wheel D by means of an endless chain H, as
before described the shaft or spindle g' which carries the deflecting arms G G¹ may
be provided with a toothed wheel H gearing with corresponding wheels H1 H2 fast on
the shafts E E¹ of the sprocket wheels D D¹ the shaft or spindle g¹ being driven from
the shaft b¹ by bevel gearing d and e and worm and worm wheels 6 62 from any suitable
part of the loom.
Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the drawing represent portions of the loom provided with
means according to our invention for simultaneously inserting two wefts in a single
shed, and for retaining one of the simultaneously inserted wefts in the open shed,
while the other of the said wefts is beaten up and a row of tufts is being placed
in position between the warp threads, also the yielding shuttle for inserting the
locking cord in the loops of the weft thread. In the frame T are mounted the warp.
beams M carrying the dead or filling warp N and the binding warps OP. Q is the
heddle for operating the dead or filling warp, which heddle is actuated by the cam shewn
in Figure 14. R R¹ are the heddles for operating the binding warps O and P, which
heddles are operated by cams, one of which is illustrated by Figure 15. S S¹are the weft
inserters or needles mounted in a carrier S2 fitted to slide to and fro in or on guides S² pro-
jecting from the frame T of the loom, this carrier being operated by a cam, not
shewn, through a rod S and link S. U is a shuttle by which a cord is inserted in
loops of the weft threads for securing them in the fabric and forming the selvage;
U is the shuttle race, U2 the shuttle driver secured to the upper end of a rock
shaft or spindle U³ receiving its rocking movements from a cam U4 on the cam
shaft U of the loom (Figures 8 and 9), acting on a lever U5 pivotted to the frame
of the loom at U and connected by a rod U7 to an arm Us on the rock shaft U³.
The shuttle driver consists of two arms hinged together and caused to engage the
shuttle by a spring Uº in the manner and for the purpose hereinafter described.
Vare blades by which the weft threads inserted by the needle S are beaten up,
these blades being carried on a frame V1 pivotted to rods V2 ficted to slide in guides Vs
on the frame T. The rods V2 are each connected to an arm V4 on a shaft or
spindle V5 on which shaft or spindle is an arm Ve connected by a rod V7 to a lever V8
on which a cam V on the cam shaft of the loom acts, to impart to the frame
carrying the blades V the necessary sliding motions at the required periods. The
frame V is also connected by a rod V10 to a lever V acted on at the required periods
by the cam V12 so as to cause the blades to descend beneath the warp threads to
admit of the beating up, by the lay, of the weft threads inserted by the needle S¹.
w is a finger such as is usually employed in this class of machine and to which we

page_text: lay no claim except in conbination with the finger Whereinafter described. The
wefts inserted by the needle S are engaged by the finger 10 until such time as they
are to be pulled up to form the selvage. The said finger is operated at the required
periods by means of a car or tappet on the cam shaft U* acting on a lever w² to
which the finger is connected by a rod w³. The weft threads inserted by the needle S¹
are retained in the open part of the shed by a finger W while the weft threads inserted
by the needle S are being beaten up and while a row of tufts is being inserted in
position between the warp threads. This retaining finger is carried on a vertically
reciprocating rod W1 connected at its lower end to a lever W2 acted on by a cam W
so as to cause the finger W to descend and release the weft thread when the row of
tufts has been inserted, and admit of the said weft being beaten up by the lay X to
bind the tufts. The lay X is operated by a cam (not shewn in the drawings) on the
cam shaft U✶ in the ordinary manner. The weaving is effected as follows:-A shed
being formed by the heddles QR and R¹ as shewn for instance in Figure 12, the
needles S S¹ move forward and insert weft 3, the needle S carrying the said weft, the
other needle S¹ entering the shed without a weft thread. The lengthened nose of
the shuttle U enters the loop of the inserted weft 3 and as the needles S S¹ make
their return movement the shuttle is caused to pass through the said loop leaving
therein a cord which prevents the said weft being withdrawn; the slack of the weft
thread is then taken up in the ordinary manner. The needles having withdrawn
from the shed, the lay X is caused to move forward to beat up the weft 3 and the
heddle governing the dead warp then falls so as to form the shed shewn in Figure 11,
and as the lay recedes to its normal position the blades V are caused to move out into
the shed and rise between the warp threads so that when the needles S S¹ enter the
newly formed shed, each needle on this occasion carrying a weft thread 1 and 2, the
said needles pass one on each side of the blades V the retaining finger W also
projecting upwards between the two inserted weft threads 1 and 2. The lengthened
nose of the shuttle U enters the loops of these weft threads 1 and 2 and the needles
withdraw from the shed leaving a weft thread on each side of the blades V which
blades are now caused to move forwards towards the breast beam Y as shewn in full
lines in Figure 5 to beat up the weft thread 1 the said blades being then caused to
descend into the position shewn by dotted lines in Figure 5 the finger W having
meanwhile retained the weft thread 2 in the open part of the shed.
A row of tufts
is now inserted between the warp threads in the usual manner after which the
finger W is caused to descend beneath the weft 2 which said weft is then beaten up
by the lay X against the inserted tufts.
As the lay recedes the depending ends of the inserted tufts are bent round the shot
of weft No. 2 to the face of the fabric. The heddles Q R and R¹ are next operated by
their respective cams so as to form a shed like that shewn in Figure 12 except that
the warp P and the warp O will have changed their respective positions, the warp P
in this case having risen with the dead warp N and the warp O having fallen to form
the lower side of the shed.
After the insertion of the needles carrying only one weft, and the said weft is beaten
up by the lay, the dead warp again falls to the lower side of the shed, and the blades V,
and finger W rise into position, and the two needles make another insertion, each
needle carrying a weft thread one on each side of the blades, so that after the needles
have withdrawn the said blades can move forward as before and press up to the fell of
the fabric the one weft, while the other is retained out. in the shed by the finger W.
The row of tufts is then inserted and when the finger W has fallen and the slack weft
pulled up on the selvage, the lay moves forward and presses the said weft against the
row of tufts and as the lay recedes the depending ends of the tufts are bent round the
last beat up weft and brought to the face of the fabric, the heddles meanwhile having
changed to the position to form the shed shewn in Figure 12 and the operation
herein before described repeated until the required length of fabric is produced.
To prevent excess of cord from being drawn from the shuttle U and to ensure a
firm and even selvage being formed on the fabric means are provided whereby the
shuttle can yield when pressure on the shuttle cord is excessive. Any suitable means

page_text: may be provided for this purpose, for instance the lever on which the cam acts for
driving the shuttle, or any other part of the mechanism between the cam and the
shuttle driver, may be made springy so as to yield to undue pressure, but we prefer
to provide the shuttle driver U2 with a yielding arm n as shewn in Figures 6 and 7
hinged to the body of the driver and connected to the arm U2 of the said driver by
the spring U so that in case of any undue strain or pull on the shuttle cord from
any cause the shuttle will be drawn rearwardly in the shuttle race the arm n of the
shuttle driver yielding to admit of such rearward movement and so prevent more
cord from being drawn from the shuttle, stops n and m being provided to govern
the movement of the said yielding arm n.
Hitherto in looms of this description the cam by which the shuttle is operated is
shaped so as to cause the shuttle to recede at the required period to allow the weft to
be pulled up tightly and the shuttle then to advance to pull its cord out straight and
parallel to the selvage. When however the lay moves forward to beat up the weft
the shuttle must again recede slightly otherwise more cord will be drawn from the
shuttle and an uneven selvage results. In practice this latter receding movement of
the shuttle at the required times has been difficult to effect in looms of high capacity
owing to its being necessary that this receding of the shuttle takes place only
when the lay, in its forward movement reaches the exact point where it presses the
weft to the previously inserted weft, and owing to variations in the thickness of
the wefts and other causes the point where the lay contacts with the weft varies.
By permitting the shuttle to yield according to this invention there is no necessity
for providing in the operating cam means for producing the second receding motion
of the shuttle, whilst freedom is afforded for adjusting the cams for operating the
shuttle and the lay, to suit other motions of the loom.
The shuttle cam as shewn in Figure 8 has two recesses h h¹ one for each of the
two simultaneously inserted wefts into which recesses the bowl 2 on the lever U³,
enters one after the other so as to cause, in succession, the necessary receding motions
of the shuttles to admit of the two simultaneously inserted wefts being pulled up
tightly.
Figures 10 and 13 illustrate an arrangement for simultaneously inserting in two
simultaneously formed sheds, three needles or weft inserters S S₁ S carried in the
holder S and so arranged that when the holder is moved forward to insert the wefts
the needles S S¹ being arranged side by side as shewn in Figure 6 insert two
weft threads 1 and 2 in the upper shed that is the shed which receives the weft for
the face of the fabric as shewn in Figure 13, whilst the needle S carries a weft
thread 3 into the lower shed, that is the shed for receiving the wefts for the back of
the fabric, two of the said wefts 1 and 3 being in front of the blades V and the other
weft 2 being at the back of the said blades.
Two shuttles are provided for securing these wefts, one for securing the two
wefts 1 and 2 and the other for securing the weft 3, the shuttle drivers being capable
of yielding in the manner and for the purpose described with reference to the single
shed arrangement. After the needles have receded leaving the wefts in the shed the
two wefts 1 and 3 are beaten towards the breast beam Y by the blades V whilst
the weft 2 is retained in the open portion of the upper shed by the retaining finger W
as before described and the blades V descend below the warps. A row of tufts. is now
inserted in the warps against the beaten up wefts 1 and 3 and the retaining finger W
is caused to descend so as to release weft 2 which weft is then beaten up by the lay
gainst the inserted tufts, the lower depending ends of which tufts are then bent
around the weft 2. The shed is now reversed the warp O being lowered and the
warp P raised whilst the dead warp N remains central. The needles now again enter
the sheds, inserting wefts 1, 2 and 3 as before and the operations hereinbefore
described are repeated until the desired length of fabric is completed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we are aware that it has been
previously proposed to insert the pile weft before the pile ends are pushed through
he warps so as to make a three shot fabric in a loom working in two shot time and

page_text: we lay no claim to this, and we wish it to be understood that we do not claim the
simultaneous insertion of two wefts in a single shed neither do we claim the weave
described and illustrated, but we declare that what we claim is
1. In looms for weaving moquette carpets or other tufted fabrics, the combination
with endless chains or like tuft spool carriers and transferring arms or equivalent
means for removing the spools from and inserting the spools in the carriers, of means
for imparting intermittent travelling movements to the portion of the carriers from
which a spool is to be removed and replaced, while a continuous slow travelling
movement is imparted to the main portion of the carriers substantially as herein-
before described.
2. In looms for weaving moquette carpets and other tufted fabrics the combination
with endless chain, tuft spool carriers supported on sprocket or chain wheels arranged
so as to form slack loops in the carriers at the part where the tuft spools are removed
from and reinserted in the carriers by transferring arms or equivalent means; of
suspended arms engaging the sides of the loops in the carriers to deflect the sides of
the said loops; means for imparting intermittent travelling movements to the
portion of the carriers from which the spools are removed and replaced, and means
for imparting a continuous slow travelling motion to the main portion of the carriers
beyond the point of contact therewith of the loop deflecting arms substantially as and
for the purpose hereinbefore described.
3. In a loom for weaving moquette carpets or other tufted fabrics, the combination
with endless chain tuft spool carriers of the mechanism for imparting a continuous
slow travelling movement to the main portion of the spool carriers, and intermittent
travelling movements to the portion of the said carriers where the spools are removed
from and returned to the said carriers substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 and in Figure 4 of the accompanying
drawings.
4. In a loom for weaving moquette carpets or other tufted fabrics the combination
of heddles and cams for operating them, so as to form and change the sheds in the
warp threads at the required periods; two needles or weft carriers and means for
operating them to insert two wefts simultaneously in a single shed; a finger or
retaining device and means for operating it so as to hold one of the simultaneously
inserted wefts in the open portion of the shed, while the other one of the simul-
taneously inserted wefts is being beaten up, and while a row of tufts is being inserted
between the warp threads, and then to release the retained weft to permit of it
being beaten up by the lay so as to bind the tufts, substantially as herein before
described.
5. In a loom for weaving moquette carpets or other tufted fabrics the combination
of heddles and cams for operating them so as to form simultaneously two sheds in
the warp threads; means for simultaneously inserting two wefts in one of the sheds
and one weft in the other of the said sheds; a finger or retaining device and means
for operating it so as to hold one of the two inserted wefts in the open part of one of
the sheds, while the other two inserted wefts are being beaten up, and a row of tufts
is being inserted and to release the retained weft to permit of it being beaten up
by the lay to bind the inserted tufts, substantially as hereinbefore described.
6. In looms for weaving moquette carpets or other tufted fabrics the combination
with a shuttle for inserting a cord in the loops of the weft at one edge of the fabric
of means for permitting the shuttle to yield to undue pull on the shuttle cord so as
to prevent excess of cord being drawn from the shuttle, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Dated thin 5th day of t1000
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.