Improvements in and relating to Brakes for Road and other Vehicles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Jan,, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 6th Oct., 1899-Accepted, 11th Nov., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Brakes for Road and other Vehicles.
PERCY WILBRAHAM NORTHEY, Electrical Engineer, ARTHUR EDWARD TILSTONE
DUDGEON, Engineer, and THE ELECTRIC MOTIVE POWER COMPANY LIMITED, Motor
Carriage Builders, all of 74, Caistor Road, Balham, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of our invention is to provide means whereby a brake can be applied,
quickly & efficiently, to a wheel & kept in that position with the least possible
effort, whether effected by the foot, hand or otherwise.
One of the objects of this invention is to do away with the existing objection-
able system of stopping a vehicle by introducing friction between the tyre &
the brace block, which, in the case of pneumatic & cushion tyres, will, in a
short time, cause creeping, tearing, & in many cases, an entire removal of the
same.
One method of carrying our invention into effect is by having two arms of
metal, of any desirable size or shape, fixed & pivotted in a holder, lazytongs
fashion, which may be rigidly attached to the frame of the carriage or any other
suitable place, and so arranged that the rim of the wheel revolves between the
said arms.
To these arms are attached blocks of wood arranged in such a way
that they can be readily brought into contact with the sides of the rim of the
wheel. We may actuate these arms in the various ways described as follows-
1. Connect & pivot the ends of the arms of the brake, which are opposite to
those holding the wood blocks, to the end of a lever arm by two metal links of
equal length. Fix & pivot the lever arm so that when it is actuated the brake
arms will be forced apart by the action of the metal links & thus the wood blocks
engaged with the rims as desired.
2. In place of the links as described in (1) we may pivot at the end of the
lever, a wedge shaped piece of metal so that by pressing the said lever arm the
metal wedge is inserted between the brake arms, thereby causing the wood blocks
to engage on the rims. A. spring may be provided in order to bring the brake
arms to the "off" position, & rollers may be fixed, between the brake arms and
the metal wedge, to lessen friction.
3. The end of each of the two arms furthest from the wheels may have,
pivotally fixed to it, a nut, both of which may be internally threaded, one with
a right handed, the other with a left handed, screw. Into these nuts is fitted a
spindle having threaded portions to fit those of the nuts. A continuation of the
spindle may pass under the vehicle with a pulley wheel attached which may be
actuated by the driver by means of a chain or rope. Thus by turning the screwed
spindle one way or the other the brake arms are either opened or closed and
the blocks engaged or disengaged with the rims as desired.
Another method of carrying our invention into effect is to take two cross
bars of metal of suitable length, each having its ends turned at right angles to
itself in the same plane. On the ends of each cross bar we fix two wood
blocks, one on the inside, the other on the outside, of the cranked ends. We

page_text: arrange these bars in such a way that they can slide easily past one another, &
that the rims of the wheels revolve between two of the wood blocks. Each bar
is fifted at some convenient point with a projection of metal, so constructed as
to form an internally threaded nut, one being cut with a right-handed, the other
with a left handed, thread. These projections are arranged on either end of a
spindle which is screwed to fit the threads of the nuts. To the spindle is attached
a sprocket wheel. Thus by turning the said spindle one way or the other the
action will be to either separate the pairs of blocks at the ends of the bars or
vice versa. We may also construct this form of brake with two suitable lengths
of metal tubing, one fitting inside the other, which may be fitted with cranked
end-pieces having wood blocks affixed in the manner & for the purpose already
described. The outer length of tubing must have a slot cut in it through which
a pin or bolt can pass & he rigidly attached to the inside length of tubing. This
pin or bolt must be fixed to one end of an externally threaded metal sleeve fitting
over & sliding upon the outer length of tubing. A second sleeve is provided one
half of which is threaded internally so as to screw over & on to the first sleeve,
the other half being cut with a thread, also internally, in an opposite direction,
so as to engage with a similarly screwed portion of the outer tube. This
second sleeve may be provided with a sprocket or other gear wheel & it will
be seen that by actuating the gear or sprocket wheel together with the sleeve
to which it is rigidly attached, the two tubes will be caused to move in opposite
directions & in the manner already described. will apply the wood blocks to the
rims of the wheels. To allow these brakes to have full scope for their action
&to give a large braking surface, which shall not be prejudicially affected by the
friction of the wood blocks, we may form our metal tyre in such a way that
it covers the top & outside faces of the wood felloes, having on the top a groove
or guttering in which the india rubber tyre may be fixed (such groove or gutter-
ing being omitted where it is desired to use an iron tyre without india rubber).
The inside faces of the wood felloes may be covered with ring plates of metal.
corresponding in every detail with that portion of the metal tyre covering the
outside face of the wood felloes. The ring plates may be attached to the wheels
by being bolted through the felloes to the outside plate of metal which covers
the opposite side of the said felloes, or we may construct our wheels with ordinary
iron tyres, & cover both sides of the wood felloes with separate plates of alluminium
or other metal & bolt them together as already described, such plates if desired,
being put on in segments.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Brakes for Road and other Vehicles.
PERCY WILBRAHAM NORTHEY, Electrical Engineer, ARTHUR EDWARD TILSTONE
DUDGEON, Engineer, and THE ELECTRIC MOTIVE POWER COMPANY LIMITED, Motor
Carriage Builders, all of 74, Caistor Road, Balham, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of our invention is to provide means whereby a brake can be applied,

page_text: quickly & efficiently to a wheel and kept in that position with the least possible
effort, whether effected by the foot, hand, or otherwise. One of the objects of
this invention is to do away with the existing objectionable system of stopping
a vehicle by introducing friction between the tyre and the brake block, which, in
the case of pneumatic and cushion tyres, will. in a short time, cause creeping,
tearing, & in many cases, an entire removal of the same.
One method of carrying our invention into effect is by having two arms of
metal, of any desirable size or shape, fixed & pivotted in a holder, lazytongs
fashion, which may be rigidly attached to the frame of the carriage or any other
suitable place, & so arranged that the rim of the wheel revolves between the
said arms. To these arms are attached blocks of wood or other suitable material,
arranged in such a way that they can be readily brought into contact with the
sides of the rim of the wheel. We may actuate these arms in the various wAYS
described as follows:-
1. Connect & pivot the ends of the arms of the brake, which are opposite to
those holding the wood blocks, to the end of a lever arm by two metal links of
equal length. Fix & pivot the lever arm so that when it is actuated the brake
arms will be forced apart by the action of the metal links & thus the wood blocks
engaged with the rims as desired.
3. In place of the links as described in (1) we may pivot at the end of the
lever. a wedge shaped piece of metal so that by pressing the said lever arm the
metal wedge is inserted between the brake arms, thereby causing the wood blocks
to engage on the rims. A spring may be provided in order to bring the brake
arms to the "off" position, & rollers may be fixed, between the brake arms &
the metal wedge, to lessen friction.
3. The end of each of the two arms furthest from the wheels may have,
pivotally fixed to it, a nut, both of which may be internally threaded, one with
a right handed, the other with a left-handed screw. Into these nuts is fitted a
spindle having threaded portions to fit those of the nuts. A continuation of the
spindle may pass under the vehicle with a pulley wheel attached which may be
actuated by the driver by means of a chain or rope. Thus by turning the screwed
spindle one way or the other the brake arms are either opened or closed & the
blocks engaged or disengaged with the rims as desired:
An alternative method of carrying this arrangement into effect is to pivotally
fix the brake-arms carrying the friction blocks, in such a way that the said blocks
may be made to engage with the wheel rims with great pressure by means of the
rotation of a bar or tube, running under & across the vehicle, carving at each
end a nut, one being cut with a right handed, the other with a left handed thread,
To each of the two outer brake-arms is pivotally fixed an arm, screwed at its
further end in a manner corresponding to that portion of the screwed bar or tube
into which it has to fit. The two inner arms, through which it is convenient
to pass the screwed and pivotted arm just mentioned, are so arranged that the
ends of the cross bar or tube shall butt against them, so that by giving a rotatory
motion to the bar or tube with its screwed ends the effect will be to draw inwards
the two outer brake-arms and at the same time to butt or force outwards the two
inner arms thus causing the wheel rims to be seized; a light snring may be
inserted between each pair of brake-arms in order to assist their disengagement
when not in action.
A further method of carrying our invention into effect is to take two cross
bars of metal of suitable length each having its ends turned at right angles to
itself in the same plane. On the ends of each cross bar we fix two wood
blocks, one on the inside, the other on the outside, of the cranked ends. We
arrange these bars in such a way that they can slide easily past one another, and
that the rims of the wheels revolve between two of the wood blocks. Each bar
is fitted at some convenient point with a projection of metal, so constructed as
to form an internally threaded nut, one being cut with a right handed, the other
with a left handed thread. These projections are arranged on either end of a

page_text: vice versa.
spindle which is screwed to fit the threads of the nuts. To the spindle is attached
a sprocket wheel. Thus by turning the said spindle one way or the other the
action will be to either separate the pairs of blocks at the ends of the bars or
We may also construct this form of brake with two suitable lengths
of metal tubing, one fitting inside the other, which may be fitted with cranked
end-pieces having wood blocks affixed in the manner & for the purpose already
described. The outer length of tubing must have a slot cut in it through which
a pin or bolt can pass & be rigidly attached to the inside length of tubing. This
pin or bolt must be fixed to one end of an internally threaded metal sleeve fitting
over and sliding upon the outer length of tubing. A second sleeve is provided one
half of which is threaded internally so as to screw over and on to the first sleeve,
the other half being cut with a thread, also internally, in an opposite direction,
so as to engage with a similarly screwed portion of the outer tube. This
second sleeve may be provided with a sprocket or other gear wheel & it will
be seen that by actuating the gear or sprocket wheel together with the sleeve
to which it is rigidly attached, the two tubes will be caused to move in opposite
directions & in the manner already described will apply the wood blocks to the
rims of the wheels. To allow these brakes to have full scope for their action
& to give a large braking surface, which shall not be prejudicially affected by the
friction of the wood blocks, we may form our metal tyre in such a way that
it covers the top & outside faces of the wood felloes, having on the top a groove
or guttering in which the india rubber tyre may be fixed (such groove or gutter-
ing being omitted where it is desired to use an iron tyre without india rubber).
The inside faces of the wood felloes may be covered with ring plates of metal,
corresponding in every detail with that portion of the metal tyre covering the
outside face of the wood felloes. The ring plates may be attached to the wheels
by being bolted through the felloes to the outside plate of metal which covers
the opposite side of the said felloes, or we may construct our wheels with ordinary
iron tryes, & cover both sides of the wood felloes with separate plates of aluminium
or other metal & bolt them together as already described, such plates if desired,
being put on in segments.
Referring to the drawings which set forth the parts necessary to illustrate our
invention & in which, as far as possible, like letters refer to like parts. Fig.I
is a plan partly sectional in which A is the rim of the wheel on which the
brake blocks B B engage when in action. CC are the brake arms pivotally
fixed to the bracket F which is fixed to the frame of the vehicle & actuated
by the connecting links D D pivotally fixed to the said brake arms C C and the
lever arm F.
'
Fig. II is a plan partly sectional in which A is the rim of the wheel on
which the brake blocks B B engage when in action. CC are the brake arms
pivotally fixed to the bracket which is fixed to the frame G of the vehicle.
Dis the wedge, actuated by the lever E, moving between the rollers HH, & I
is the spring which disengages the brake blocks from the rim of the wheel, when
not in operation.
Fig. III is a plan partly sectional, in which A is the rim of the wheel on
which the brake blocks B B engage when in action. CC are the brake arms
pivotally fixed to the bracket which is fixed to the vehicle frame G. 1) is
the right & left handed screw, which actuates the brake arms CC when turned
through a given angle by means of the pulley or sprocket wheel H on the
spindle E.
Fig. IV is a plan partly sectional of two rim brakes in each of which A is
the rim of the wheel on which the brake blocks B B engage when in action.
CC are the brake arms pivotally fixed to the bracket which is fixed to the
frame G. D is the right or left hand screwed spindle pivotally fixed to the outer
brake arm C, & which is free to travel towards the centre of the vehicle when
the bar or tube E carrying the threaded nuts E' is revolved with a view to bring-
ing the brake blocks B B closer together. H is the pulley or sprocket wheel,

page_text: fixed to the bar or tube E, by means of which a rotatory movement is imparted
to the screwed ends E'. I is the spring which disengages the blocks B B from
the wheel rims when not in action.
Fig. V is a plan partly sectional in which B B are the brake blocks which
engage on the rims A A when in action. E E are the two cross bars or tubes
fixed to the brake arms C and C which are caused to travel past one another in
opposite directions by means of the right & left handed screw D which engages
in the correspondingly threaded nuts E¹.
It will be seen that when rotation is imparted to the screwed portions D by
means of the pulley or sprocket wheel H, the cross bars or tubes E will travel
past one another, each carrying an inside & outside brake arm C and C³, thus
causing the brake arms at each end to come nearer together or separate as may
be desired for the purpose of either gripping the rims A A or otherwise.
Fig. VI is a plan, partly sectional showing an arrangement which is practically
similar to that shown in Fig. V with the difference that in place of the two
cross bars or tubes F, we provide two tubes one concentrically within the other
& free to travel in opposite directions past one another by means of the two
right & left handed screws D, fixed one to each of the two tubes, which are
drawn together or forced asunder by the correspondingly threaded portion E when
rotated by means of the pulley or sprocket wheel H forming part of said por-
tion E¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, & in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:
I. In wheel-brakes for vehicles bringing balanced pressure to bear on the two
sides of a wheel at the same point in its circumference without introducing
strains radial to the journal substantially as and for the purposes described.
II. In wheel-brakes for vehicles gripping the side rims of wheels with pivotted
brake arms in combination with hinged links, or moving wedge or left and right
handed screws substantially as and for the purposes described.
Il. In wheel-brakes for vehicles the combination of pivotted brake arms
carrying friction blocks, cross-bars or tubes carrying right and left-handed
threaded portions, correspondingly right & left-handed threaded parts to be
actuated by the rotation of cross-bars or tubes & springs for the disengagement
or brake blocks substantially as & for the purposes described
IV. In wheel-brakes for vehicles the methods of construction illustrated in
Figs. I II III IV V & VI of the accompanying drawings & substantially as
described.
!
V. In wheel-brakes for vehicles the provision of metal rings or facings to
cover whole or part of both sides of wheel felloe, for the purpose described and
as shown in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 6th day of October 1899.
PERCY W. NORTHEY,
For THE ELECTRIC MOTIVE POWER COMPANY, LIMITED,
PERCY W. NORTHEY,
Managing Director.