IMPROVE- MENTS IN ROOF CANDLE LAMPS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Palmer, junior, of Sutton Street, Clerkenwell,
in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ROOF CANDLE LAMPS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES."
Sealed the 31st March 1857, and dated the 17th October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Palmer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
October 1856.
I, WILLIAM PALMER, junior, of Sutton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOF CANDLE LAMPS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in roof candle lamps for
railway and other carriages. For these purposes, the air to support combustion
of the candle is caused to pass downwards at the outside of the lower part of
the glass chimney and inside a cylindrical gallery or glass holder, the glass
chimney being supported near the. bottom of the cylindrical holder by pro-
jections at intervals. The upper part of the glass chimney passes through a
reflector or disc, the opening through which fits as closely as may be around

page_text: the chimney. Above the reflector or disc is formed a cylindrical or other
shaped chamber, closed at top, and of large diameter as compared with the
diameter of the chimney, into which chamber the products of combustion flow
from the chimney, and they are allowed to escape by a hole or holes on each
side of the chamber; the hole or holes for the escape being of less area than
the space below the chimney, to admit air to support combustion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Palmer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th April 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
PALMER, junior, of Sutton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Palmer, Her special licence that I, the said William Palmer,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Palmer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully, might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Rcor
CANDLE LAMPS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES," upon the condition, (amongst
others) that I, the said William Palmer, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William, Palmer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-

page_text: This Invention has for its object improvements in roof candle lamps for
railway and other carriages. For these purposes the air to support combustion
of the candle is caused to pass downwards at the outside of the lower part of
the glass chimney and inside a cylindrical gallery or glass holder, the glass
chimney being supported near the bottom of the cylindrical holder by pro-
jections at intervals. The upper part of the glass chimney passes through a
reflector or disc, the opening through which fits as closely as may be around
the chimney. Above the reflector or disc is formed a cylindrical or other
shaped chamber, closed at top, and of large diameter as compared with the
diameter of the chimney, into which chamber the products of combustion flow
from the chimney, and they are allowed to escape by a hole or holes on each
side of the chamber; the hole or holes for the escape being of less area than
the space below the chimney, to admit air to support combustion.
Having thus stated that nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shews a side elevation of the upper part of a candle lamp suitable
for railway and other carriages; Figure 2 is a vertical section thereof; and
Figure 3 shews a plan in section. In each of these Figures the same letters
of reference indicate the same parts. a is the gallery at the top of the candle
tube, socket, or holder, for receiving and supporting the glass chimney. This
gallery, in addition to being perforated as heretofore, is also so formed in respect.
to the frame or ring 6 of the glass chimney, that currents of air may pass down
between the gallery and the glass chimney. For this purpose the interior of
the gallery is made with projections to support the glass chimney only at.
intervals, both at the bottom and sides. It is preferred that the glass chimney
should bulge out or be enlarged around the flame of the candle, as is shown in
the Drawing, but this is not essential. The glass chimney at its upper end
rises through the reflector c, and such upper part may come to the position
shewn, or it may rise to the same position as the metal chimney d, and such
metal chimney in such case may be dispensed with. Above disc or reflector c,
the
upper part of the lamp is formed into an enclosed chamber d', d', covered
in at top. At the upper part on each side there are small holes e, e, for the
escape of the products of combustion, which are made to present a less area of
opening than there is below the chimney, for the passage of air to support
combustion. At the lower part of the chamber d', d', within the roof of the
carriage, are ventilating holes f, f, into the chamber.

page_text: Haying thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to any
of the parts separately; but what I claim is, the combination herein described:
In witness whereof, I, the said William Palmer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
RICHARD HAKE,
Bethnal Green.
WILLIAM PALMER, JR. (L.S.)