Improvements in Milling Machines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Nov., 1894-Accepted, 20th Apr., 1895
Improvements in Milling Machines.
I, REGINALD HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert Haddan and Co., of 18 Bucking-
ham Street, Strand, W.C., London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention a communication to me from abroad by The Cincinnati Milling
Machine Company, an Ohio corporation, of Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio,
United States of America, Manufacturers, and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The invention relates to that class of machines known as universal milling
machines, wherein the work-carrying table has all the movements common to such
machines, and its object is to improve the construction and efficiency of this class
of machines and to render the stopping of any and all of the movements of the
work-carrying table automatic when desired, an'l to give the feed mechanism the
speed required and to change the speed thereof without stopping the same.
The novelty of the invention will be hereinafter set forth and specifically pointed
out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings;-
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a front elevation of a milling machine embodying the
invention.
Figure 2, Sheet 2, is a side elevation of the same from the left of Fig. 1.
Figure 3, Sheet 3, is a side elevation of the same from the right of Fig. 1.
Figure 4, Sheet 4, is an enlarged plan view of the knee and the parts thereon
below the saddle.
Figure 5, Sheet 4, is a side elevation of Fig. 4.
Figure 6, Sheet 5, is a sectional front elevation of the knee, saddle, housing,
work-carrying table and operating mechanism therefor on the dotted line a, x, of
Fig. 4.
Figure 7, Sheet 5, is a front section on the dotted line y, y, of Fig. 4.
Figure 8, Sheet 6, is a plan view partly in section of the monitor housing with
the work-carrying table removed.
Figure 9, Sheet 6, is an enlarged sectional side elevation of the outer end of the
arm in which the tool arbor is journalled.
Figure 10, Sheet 6, is a rear view of Fig. 9, looking from the left.
Figure 11, Sheet 7, is an enlarged rear elevation of the shifting mechanism.
Figure 12, Sheet 7, is a side elevation of the same, partly in section, from the
right of Fig. 11.
Figure 13, Sheet 7, is a plan view of the same, partly in section.
Figure 14, Sheet 7, is a transverse section of the intermediate gear of Fig. 11.
Figure 15, Sheet 8, is a diagramatic view from the front of the knee representing
a modification.
The same letters of reference are used to indicate identical parts in all the
figures.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, in the general description of the machine, which
may be of the usual or any suitable construction, it is only necessary to say
that A is the frame or standard, B the cutter arbor or live spindle journalled
therein and driven by the usual cone pulley C, with or without counter shaft D and
back gearing E, as desired. On the front of the upright A, is dovetailed the usual
or any suitable knee F which is given universal movement by a screw G operated

page_text: either by hand or automatically by the machine, as hereinafter explained. Dove-
tailed on the knee is the saddle H with horizontal movement to and from the
standard A by means of a screw I, Figs. 4 and 5, operated either by hand or
automatically by the machine, as hereinafter explained. Swiveled on the saddle
and adjustable on its axis thereon is the monitor housing J, to which is dovetailed
the work-carrying table K.
These parts, with the exceptions to be hereinafter pointed out, may be, and
preferably are, of the construction shown and described in the United States
Patent No. 513683 of Jany. 30th, 1894, in which, however, provision was made
only for the feeding of the work-carrying table automatically and for its automatic
stoppage, the adjustments of the knee and saddle being by hand alone.
The present machine, in addition to the independent hand adjustment and feeding
of the work-carrying table, the saddle and the knee, has an automatic feed for each
of these parts, any one, two or all of which may be operated at one time and may
be automatically stopped. In describing the mechanism for accomplishing this,
reference is made particularly to Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
In Figs. 1. 3. 4 and 6, a is a horizontal stub shaft journalled in the knee and
constantly driven by the machine by mechanism hereinafter to be explained. Fast
on the forward end of this shaft is a pinion b meshing constantly with one of a pair
of intermeshing pinions c, d, journalled on a shifting plate or frame e hung
concentric with the axis of the pinion band actuated by a pivoted link whose upper
end is pivoted to a crank arm on a horizontal rock shaft g journalled at the side of
the knee and extending forward and provided with an operating handle / at its
forward end, as seen more particularly in Fig. 3. Just above the pinions c, d, is
journalled to the side of the knee a short horizontal shaft i having fast thereon a
gear with which either the pinion c or the pinion d is made to mesh by shifting
the frame e.
The gear constantly meshes with a gear k within the frame of the knee and fast
on a horizontal shaft journalled therein and extending forward and projecting from
the front of the knee.
77
Feathered on the shaft is a bevel pinion m journalled in and carried by a
pendent nut-piece or housing secured to the under side of the saddle. The gear m
meshes with a bevel gear o fast on the lower end of a vertical shaft p journalled in
the piece and whose upper projecting end has fast thereon in a cavity in the
saddle a pinion g Figs. 5 and 6, which meshes with a larger pinion or gear r fast on
the lower end of a vertical shafts journalled in the monitor housing J and whose
upper end carries a bevel pinion t meshing with a smaller pinion u journalled loosely
on the screw feed shaft L of the work-carrying table. The pinion u is journalled
in the monitor housing and carries one-half of a clutch with which the other half of
a clutch feathered on the shaft L is engaged or disengaged by the forked arm w,
link a¹, and hand lever b', as shown in Fig. 8, and is described at length in the prior
Patent above referred to, both for stopping and starting the feed of the work-
carrying table by hand, or for stopping the feed automatically at any predetermined
point by an adjustable wiper block carried by the table K and for engaging and
shifting the lever to disengage the clutch v.
It will be seen from the foregoing that the work-carrying table is automatically
fed by the machine from the shaft a, and by shifting the frame e to cause either
the pinion c or the pinion d to mesh with the gear j, the direction of feed can be
controlled and reversed at will.
To automatically feed the saddle towards or from the standard or column of the
machine, I secure upon the screw 1, in a cavity at the front of the knee, a pinion i¹,
Figs. 5 and 7, which meshes with an intermediate idle pinion e¹ in said cavity, which
latter pinion meshes with a pinion luose on the shaft but carrying one half of a
clutch g that can be engaged or disengaged from the other half of the clutch
fast on the end of the shaft l, as seen in Figs. 4 and 5. As the shaft I passes
through and its screw engages the piece n, the saddle is moved in or out by the
revolution of the shaft I whenever the clutch faces g', h¹ are engaged. When they

page_text: are disengaged by sliding half-clutch g', inward p'nion is loose on the shaft 7 and
does not impart motion to shaft I as will be readily understood. To actuate half-
clutch g' I provide a vertical shaft, Figs. 4 and 5, journalled upon the inner side
of the knee and having thereon a hand piece j' by which the shaft can be oscillated
or rocked by hand. It also has fast on it a crank arm k', Fig. 4, from which the
pivoted link extends forward and is pivoted to a pivoted fork arm m¹ whose fork
engages a circumferential groove in the half-clutch g in such manner that the
rocking of the shaft i engages or disengages the clutch gh', as will be readily
understood. To automatically rock the shaft to disengage the clutch and stop
the in or out feed of the saddle, I provide a crank arm n' fast on the upper end of
shaft and which engages a plunger piece o projecting through a bore in the side
of the knee with its outer end in the path of a wiper block adjustably secured by
a bolt in a T slot on the under side of the saddle in such a manner that when the
wiper block is brought in contact with the plunger of it presses it in and thereby
rocks the shaft and disengages clutch g' and stops the feed of the saddle, as will
be readily understood.
To automatically feed the knee up or down and to stop the feed of the same,
I provide a spiral or worm gear q', Figs. 3 and 4, loose on the shaft i by the side of
the gear and carrying one half of a clutch with which the other half of the
clutch feathered on the shaft i is made to engage or disengage by hand or to be
disengaged automatically. The gear g' meshes with a similar gear t above it at
right angles and fast on a shaft u journalled through the side of the knee and
having fast upon its inner end a small bevel pinion ¹, Figs. 4 and 5, meshing with
a bevel gear w¹ fast on the upper end of the screw shaft G. Thus when the half
clutches are engaged, the knee is automatically fed up or down by the machine
according to whether the pinion c or the pinion d is in mesh with the gear ; as will
be readily understood.
To slide the clutch s¹ to effect its engagement or disengagement, I provide a rock
shaft a, journalled across the knee below and at right angles to the shaft i and
having fast upon its end a fork 62 engaging a circumferential slot in the clutch s
and provided with a haud piece c² for rocking it to engage or disengage the clutch
by hand. To disengage the clutch automatically, I provide on the opposite end of
the shaft a a crank arm d² from which a pivoted link e2, Fig. 5, extends to a crank
arm on a stub shaft g2 journalled through the side of the knee and carrying on its
outer end a crank arm or tappet 2, Fig. 6, engaging a plunger 2, extending through
a bore in the knee and in the path of a wiper block y', Figs. 2 and 4, and adjustable
by a bolt in a vertical T slot in the side of the standard, the arrangement being
such that when the plunger is engaged by the wiper block in the up or down travel
of the knee, the shaft a2 is rocked and the clutch s¹ disengaged from the clutch r¹
thereby stopping the feed of the knee at any predetermined point.
It will be seen from the foregoing description and from the construction of the
machine that the knee and saddle may remain stationary and the work-carrying
table may be automatically fed first in one direction and then in the opposite
direction and can be automatically stopped at any point. Also that the work-
carrying table may remain fixed with reference to the housing and the knee may be
stationary and the saddle may be automatically fed first in one direction and then
in the opposite direction and can be automatically stopped at any point. Also that
the work-carrying table and housing and saddle may remain fixed with reference to
each other, and the knee may be automatically fed first in one direction and then
in the opposite direction and can be stopped at any point. Also that any two or
all of the above parts may be simultaneously and automatically fed and stopped at
the will of the operator.
The screw shafts I and L are each provided with operating handles for adjusting
or feeding by hand when desired, and I provide the usual hand shaft M (Fig. 4)
having on its inner end a bevel gear 2 meshing with a gear for operating
screw shaft G by hand when desired to adjust or feed the knee.
To prevent annoyance and possible injury to the attendant when the machine is

page_text: being operated automatically, I provide cylindrical extensions 12, Figs. 3, 4 and 5,
from the squared parts of the screw shafts engaged by the handles m² in turning
the same, so that when said shafts are turning automatically the handles can be
withdrawn from the squared parts and will hang loose without turning on the
parts whose outer ends have nuts n² to prevent the accidental removal of the
handles, as will be readily understood.
In machines where the automatic feeding of the knee is not desired, the
construction may be simplified, as represented by the diagram, Fig. 15, where all
the other features of the machine are preserved except the automatic feeding of
the knee. Here the shaft i and the parts carried thereby as well as the shaft a²
and its actuating parts are dispensed with, and the gears c, d, on the frame e are
made to, either of them, engage with gear k as shown, the rest of the machine
being constructed and operated as desired.
Another feature of the invention, illustrated in Figs. 2, 3, 11, 12, 13 and 14,
relates to mechanism for changing the speed of the shaft a and consequently all
of the automatic feeds by the attendant without stopping the machine or stopping
the feed. I accomplish this by the following means.
On the rear end of the live spindle, which projects beyond its rear upright of
the standard A, are made fast within a box or housing N, a small pinion O and a
large pinion P, Fig. 13. Journalled within the box N parallel to the spindle B is
a counter shaft Q on which is feathered two pinions R, S, the former to mesh with
the pinion and the latter with the pinion P, though but two of them can be
brought into mesh at the same time, that is to say, when the pinion R meshes with
the pinion O, the pinion S is out of the path of the pinion P and when the
pinion S meshes with the pinion P, the pinion R is out of mesh with the pinion O.
The pinions R, S, are side by side and the distance between the pinions O, P, is
such that the pinions R, S, can be shifted between them without either of them
being in mesh, thereby stopping the revolution of the counter shaft Q and the
feed of the machine. On the rear projecting end of the shaft Q is a pinion T,
Figs. 11 aud 13, which meshes with an intermediate idle pinion U journalled ou
an eccentrically secured hub a³. The pinion U meshes with a pinion V fast on
the counter shaft in journals outside of the box N and carrying a cone
pulley W. Journalled in a bracket. X projecting from the rear of the standard A
is a shaft carrying a cone pulley Y, Fig. 3, which is belted to the cone pulley W.
Connected by a gimbal joint to the shaft 3 is a tubular shaft e in which is
feathered and telescopically fits a shaft 3 connected by a gimbal joint to the
shaft a.
In this manner, as will be readily understood, the revolution of the
live spindle B is transferred to the shaft a to produce the automatic feeds herein-
before described. By shifting the belt connecting the cone pulleys W aud Y, the
speed of the shaft a can be regulated, but to change the speed without requiring
the shifting of the belt, and without stopping the feed, I provide a forked pivoted
shifter handle g³, whose fork engages a circumferential groove in the hub of the
gears R, S, and by oscillating which said gears are shifted to engage R. with O
or S with P, or to disengage both to stop the feed as will be readily understood.
A pointer carried by the handle g acting in connection with a fixed index
plate, Fig. 2, enables the attendant or the foreman of the shop to see at a glance
at just what speed the feed is working. Another combination of rates of speed
may be quickly effected by placing gear T, Fig. 11, on shaft 3 and gear V on
shaft Qand then turning the eccentric hub as so as to cause the gear U to mesh
with the gears V, T, in their changed positions. I have so arranged all of the
operating hand pieces that the attendant standing to the left of and about in line
with the work-carrying table can reach all of them without shifting his position or
removing his glance from the work being done and thus can have perfect control
of the machine.
The final feature of the invention, illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10, consists in
providing a slotted tapering bushing A¹ in which is journalled the outer end of
the cutter arbor and which is confined in a bore in the overhanging arm B. By

page_text: means of a bolt C₁ passed through a washer D' and connecting the bush A',
the latter can be drawn in and compressed to snugly fit the arbor and take up
any wear.
The work is carried on the table in the usual or any suitable manner, and the
latter may be provided with a universal indexing and dividing head and the tail
stock of the United States Patent No. 432,621 of July 22nd, 1890.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, i declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. In a milling machine, the combination of the vertically movable knee, a
screw shaft for actuating the same, a driving gear carried by the knee, driving
mechanism for the screw shaft, and intermediate shiftable connecting mechanism
between the gear and screw driving mechanism, whereby the knee is automatically
raised or lowered, substantially as described.
2. In a milling machine, the combination of the vertically movable knee, a
screw shaft for actuating the same, a driving gear carried by the knee, driving
mechanism for the screw shaft, intermediate shiftable connecting mechanism
between the gear and screw driving mechanism, whereby the knee is automatically
raised or lowered, and automatic disconnecting mechanism for stopping the
movement of the knee at any predetermined point substantially as described.
3. In a milling machine, the combination of the knee, the saddle horizontally
movable thereon, a screw shaft for actuating the saddle, a driving gear carried by
the knee, driving mechanism for the screw shaft and intermediate shiftable
connecting mechanism between the gear and screw driving mechanism, whereby
the saddle is automatically fed in and out, substantially as described.
4. In a milling machine, the combination of the knee, the saddle horizontally
movable thereon, a screw shaft for actuating the saddle, a driving gear carried by
the knee, driving mechanism for the screw shaft, intermediate shiftable connecting
mechanism between the gear and screw driving mechanism, whereby the saddle is
automatically fed in and out, and automatic disconnecting mechanism for stopping
the movement of the saddle at any predetermined point, substantially as described.
5. In a milling machine, the combination of the work-carrying table and its
feed mechanism, a driving gear carried by the knee, and detachable connecting
mechanisin between said gear and feed mechanisms, whereby the work-carrying
table, saddle and knee can be given simultaneous or independent automatic
movement, substantially as described.
6. In a milling machine, the combination of the work-carrying table and its
feed mechanism, a driving gear carried by the knee, detachable connecting
mechanism between said gear and feed mechanisms, whereby said work-carrying
table, saddle and knee can be given simultaneous or independent automatic
movement, and automatic disconnecting mechanism for stopping the movement of
the table, saddle and knee at any predetermined point, substantially as described.
7. In a milling machine, the combination of the movable work-carrying table,
mechanism for moving the same, and speed governing mechanism therefor with
ineans for adjusting the same without stopping the machine, substantially as
described.
8. In a milling machine the combination with a feed driving gear, as b, of a
live spindle having thereon two different sized pinions, as O and P, a counter
shaft having feathered thereon two shiftable pinions as R and S, an index handle
for shifting the latter pinions and connecting mechanism between the counter shaft
and feed driving gear, whereby the speed of the feed can be varied without
stopping the machine, substantially as described.
9. In a milling machine, the combination with a feed driving gear, as b, of a live
spindle having thereon two different sized pinions, as O and P, a counter shaft
having feathered thereon two shiftable pinions, as R and S, an index handle for
shifting the latter pinions, intermeshing and changeable gears, as T, U, V, driven

page_text: by the counter shaft, a cone pulley, as W, belted to a cone pulley, as Y, and self
adjustable driving connections between the cone pulley Y and gear b, substantially
as described.
10. In a milling machine, the combination with the gear carried by the knee,
and the gear for feeding the work-carrying table, of the intermediate shiftable
gears, c, d, and means for shifting the same for reversing the direction of revolution
of the gear substantially as described.
11. In a milling machine, the combination with the knee and its feeding screw
shaft, the gear q' driven by the machine for operating the screw shaft, clutch st
for said gear gl, rock shaft a' with fork engaging said clutch, handle 2 for said
rock shaft, a wiper block adjustable on the standard A and connections between
said shaft a² and wiper block, whereby the latter rocks the shaft at any predetermined
point to disconnect the clutch and stop the feed of the knee, substantially as
described.
12. In a milling machine, the combination of the saddle, the piece n carried
thereby, the saddle feed shaft 1 engaging piece n, gear d' on shaft I, gear fl
therefor, shaft driven by the machine and carrying gear f³, clutch g¹ h¹ for
gear f, rock shaft i, with hand piece j' and connections to said clutch, a wiper
block adjustable on the saddle, and connections between said shaft and wiper
block, whereby the latter rocks the shaft at any predetermined point to disconnect
the clutch and stop the feed of the saddle, substantially as described.
13. In a milling machine, the combination with a feeding screw shaft adapted
to be operated automatically or by hand, of an operating handle therefor engaging
a polygonal portion thereof, and an extension on which said handle can be slipped
and will hang without revolving while the shaft is being automatically fed,
substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
14. In a milling machine, the combination with the cutter arbor B and over-
hanging arm B of the tapering slotted bushing A¹ fitted in the overhanging arm,
and bolt C¹ for adjusting the bushing, substantially as described and for the
purpose specified.
Dated this 15th day of November 1894.
R. HADDAN.