AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR HARDENING CEMENT, LIME, STONE, WOOD, OR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltino, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"
'AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR HARDENING CEMENT, LIME,
STONE, WOOD, OR OTHER MATERIALS."
Alexandre Magaud, of Paris, France.
A communication from abroad by
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent
Agents, Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION AND
PROCESS FOR HARDENING CEMENT, LIME, STONE, WOOD, OR OTHER MATERIALS.”
[A communication from abroad by Alexandre Magaud, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to an improved process and composition or liquid for
hardening cement, lime, stones, wood, and similar materials.
In carrying the said Invention into practice, I employ sulphate of copper, of iron,
or of zinc, and these substances may be used separately or in combination in suitable
proportions, either equal or unequal. Moreover, this liquid may be more or less
saturated with the salts which it contains, and may vary in density according
to its intended use, and to the nature of the objects or materials to be hardened
thereby.
It will be obvious that I may in preparing the said liquid substitute for all or a
portion of the sulphates certain salts or other soluble substances, capable of producing
upon the lime, plaster, cement, stones, or the like, the same hardening effect as
would be produced by the said sulphates.
In order to give to the exterior surface of the objects hardened by my Invention
an artificial color, I add to the liquid some suitable coloring matter, and, if desired,
the liquid may be perfumed.
The liquid made according to my Invention, is applied to the substances or
articles to be hardened thereby either directly or indirectly, according to the
nature of the said substances or articles. For cement, lime, certain kinds of plaster,
either colored or uncolored, certain kinds of stone, and other materials, I apply the
LD 471

page_text: liquid in a direct manner by means of a brush or other suitable object. For wood,
metal, certain kinds of plaster and stone, I commence by coating the exterior
surface thereof with a smooth soft layer of cement or lime, either colored or uncolored,
and, if necessary, a second layer thereof may be applied; in either case my improved
liquid will be applied either in one or several layers.
The liquid may be applied as a plaster or as a wash, or the articles to be hardened
may be dipped in a bath of the said liquid, and the latter may be employed for
uniting sand, stones, gravel, scoria, slag, mineral dust from factories, and similar
articles or substances, by mixing with the latter a slight quantity of lime or cement
in addition to the said liquid. Thus blocks or bricks of various dimensions may
be formed, without baking or compressing the same, by using river sand, gravel and
shingle from the sea shore, waste materials from retorts, stones, marble, slate,
I mix these
scoria, slag, and various waste materials from manufactories.
substances with a very small quantity of cement or lime, and then unite the
mixture by means of the said liquid, which imparts to the whole a powerful cohesion
in a very economical manner.
The said Invention can be carried into practice at any place, so that great
ecomony is effected in the matter of transport or carriage, particularly in localities
where building stone is not found naturally. The said blocks or bricks may be
utilized not only for rough building, but may also be employed for decoration or
. ornamentation; and by moulding the substances, they may be shaped into the
most artistic forms to produce figures in relief, cornices, statues, and other decorative
objects.
My said liquid or composition is not only useful for hardening the exterior
surface of the articles or materials treated thereby, but may also be employed
as above explained in mixing, so that the substance is rendered hard throughout.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Robert Lake in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 4th
April 1881.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION AND PROCESS
FOR HARDENING CEMENT, LIME, STONE, WOOD, OR OTHER MATERIALS." A com-
munication from abroad by Alexandre Magaud, of Paris, France.
This Invention relates to an improved process and composition or liquid for
hardening cement, lime, stone, wood, metal, and similar materials.
In carrying the said Invention into practice, employ a solution of sulphate of
copper, of iron, or of zinc, and these substances may be used separately or mixed
in equal or unequal proportions. Moreover this liquid or solution may be more or
less saturated with the salt or salts which it contains, and may vary in density
according to the purpose to which it is to be applied, and according to the nature of
the material or object to be hardened thereby.
To impart to the outer surface of objects hardened according to this Invention
an artificial color, suitable coloring matter may be added to the liquid, and, if
desired, odoriferous matter may also be added thereto.
This liquid or solution is called "lithogéne" (stone-generator).
This liquid is applied to the substance or object to be hardened thereby, either
directly or indirectly, according to the nature of the said substance or object. To
cement, lime, some kinds of plaster, either colored or uncolored, some kinds of stone
and the like, it is applied directly by a brush or by similar means.
In treating wood, metal, and some kinds of plaster, and of stone, I begin by first
covering the outer surface with a smooth or roughened coating of cement or lime,
which may be colored or uncolored, and if necessary a second coating or layer
thereof may be then applied. In all cases the above described hardening liquid is
then applied in one layer or in several superimposed layers.
The said liquid may be applied in the form of a coating, or may be used as
badigeon, or the objects to be hardened may be plunged into a bath of this
liquid.
The said liquid may also be used for uniting sand, stones, gravel, hammer-slag,
dross, mineral dust, or waste materials from factories, and the like, by mixing with
such materials a small quantity of lime or of cement, to which my improved liquid
has been added. Blocks or bricks of various dimensions may thus be formed,
without baking or compressing the same, by using either the materials above
specified, or river sand, shingle or pebbles, waste from quarries, marble or other stone,
slate, metallic dross, and the like; these materials are mixed with a very small
quantity of cement or lime, and are united by my liquid, which renders the whole
mass strongly cohesive in a very economical manner. These conglomerates may be
inanufactured on the spot where they are required, and thus the cost of transport
will be very slight, which is of especial advantage in places where stone suitable
for building-purposes is scarce. These conglomerates may be used not only for plain
building, but also for decoration and ornamentation, as they can be moulded into
the most artistic shapes, and can be used for the production of reliefs, cornices,
statues, and other decorative or artistic work.
The said hardening liquid or composition is applicable not only to the outer
surface of any materials or objects, but may be used in the tempering or mixing of
the cement or other material of which an object is to be moulded, as above set
forth, so that the said object will be hard throughout its mass.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my

page_text: foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it under-
stood that I claim,―
A liquid or composition having a base of sulphate of iron, of copper, or of zinc, or
of any or all of the same mixed in any desired proportions, with or without the
addition of coloring or odoriferous matter, to be applied to cement, lime, stone, wood,
metal, and other materials for the purpose specified; also the process consisting in
the treatment of such materials by the said liquid, which is applied either to the
surface of the bodies or objects to be hardened or is incorporated with the substance
thereof, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
W. KOB*, LAKE. (L.S.)