IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Griffith Brewer, of 89, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF STEAM BOILERS."-A com-
munication from abroad by Christian Rudolph Bergreen, of Roitzsch,
in the German Empire.
Sealed the 29th January 1875, and dated the 30th November 1874.
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Griffith
Brewer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 30th November 1874.
I, EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF STEAM BOILERS," (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Christian Rudolph Bergreen, of
Roitzsch, in the German Empire,) to be as follows:-
•
The object of this Invention is so to construct steam boilers that a
greater economy in fuel may be attained, and at the same time the said

page_text: boilers may be more durable and cheap, keep cleaner, be easier to clean,
be suitable for very high pressure, produce purer steam, have a con-
veniently large water space and surface, and be cheaper and more con-
venient for transport than has heretofore been attained it is believed
with any one construction of boiler. For this purpose a series of two or
more cylindrical boilers or boiler cylinders are set in brickwork side by
side horizontally one behind the other, the fire-place or grate being
under or against the under side of the first boiler cylinder, the width of
the fire-place or grate taking up more or less of the length of said first
boiler cylinder. The cylinders are by preference all of the same size
and do not exceed about three feet in diameter. They are by pipe con-
nections at their ends so connected to one another that the feed water.
which enters the hindmost boiler first, by preference a few inches below
the water level travels through one boiler cylinder after another. Each
boiler cylinder has a steam dome, and these are connected by one
common steam pipe collector or chamber.
The flue for the products of combustion from the fire-place is made so
as to follow the curvature of the lower parts of the boiler cylinders, but
so as to gradually diminish in sectional area in about the proportion of
the reduction in bulk and temperature of the products of combustion as
they give off their heat to one boiler cylinder after another.
The proportion of heating surface, water space, and steam space.is or
may be that which is usually employed for ordinary underneath fired
cylindrical boilers. There are no rivet seams exposed to the direct
flame. Each boiler cylinder should have a mud hole at each end.
Behind the aforesaid system of boilers or boiler cylinders a system of
upright water tubes is arranged in a brick chamber so that the products
of combustion from the first described system is caused to traverse the
spaces between the water tubes which are connected to cross junction
pipes at the bottom which again are connected to a common longitudinal
junction pipe into which the feed is made to enter first. By means of a
cross partition the gases may be made to pass through the upper part of
the tube chamber first and then through the lower part of same, and
then to the chimney. The tubes are at the top connected to cross
junction pipes which communicate with the aforesaid steam collector or
chamber. The bottom cross junction pipe nearest to the first described
boiler system is by a pipe connected with the last boiler cylinder in the

page_text: said cylinder. The cold feed water thus enters at the further end of the
water tube system (where the gases are coolest), traverses through the
said system and thence through the first-named boiler system through one
boiler cylinder after another, terminating in the first boiler cylinder
which is at or over the grate or fire-place.
When this Invention is applied to portable engine or semi-portable
engine boilers the boiler cylinders and water tubes are set and enclosed
respectively in suitable iron casing which should be lined with fire-brick
or clay inside where exposed to the heat or the greatest heat.
One or
two of the said cylinders in combination with the water tube system or
several cylinders without the water tube system would then constitute a
combined boiler according to this Invention, the other parts being
arranged and adapted according to the general features set forth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Griffith Brewer in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th May 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
GRIFFITH BREWER, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward Griffith Brewer,
Her special licence that I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edward Griffith Brewer, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United.
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGE-
MENT OF STEAM BOILERS," (a communication to me from abroad by Christian
Rudolph Bergreen, of Roitzsch, in the German Empire,) upon the con-

page_text: The proportion of heating surface, water space, and steam space is or
may be that which is usually employed for ordinary underneath fired
cylindrical boilers. There are no rivet seams exposed to the direct
flame. Each boiler cylinder should have a mud hole at each end.
Behind the aforesaid system of boilers or boiler cylinders a system of
upright water tubes is arranged in a brick chamber so that the products
of combustion from the first described system is caused to traverse
the
spaces between the water tubes which are connected to cross junction
pipes at the bottom, which again are connected to a common longitudinal
junction pipe into which the feed is made to enter first. By means of a
cross partition the gases may be made to pass through the upper part of
the tube chamber first and then through the lower part of same, and
then to the chimney. The tubes are at the top connected to cross
junction pipes which communicate with the aforesaid steam collector or
chamber. The bottom cross junction pipe nearest to the first described
boiler system is by a pipe connected with the last boiler cylinder in
the said system. The cold feed water thus enters at the further end of
the water tube system (where the gases are coolest), traverses through
the said system and thence through the first-named boiler system,
through one boiler cylinder after another, terminating in the first boiler
cylinder which is at or over the grate or fire-placc.
When this Invention is applied to portable engine or semi-portable
engine boilers the boiler cylinders and water tubes are set and enclosed or
respectively in suitable iron casing which should be lined with fire-brick
or clay inside where exposed to the heat or the greatest heat. One or
two of the said cylinders in combination with the water tube system, or
several cylinders without the water tube system would then constitute
a combined boiler according to this Invention, the other parts being
arranged and adapted according to the general features set forth.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a vertical section through
the improved boiler or boiler system as applied to ordinary stationary
purposes; and Figure 2 is a half plan and half' horizontal section
through same.
K, K, are the boiler cylinders, not exceeding about three feet in
diameter, each is provided with a large dome c, which are of greater
sectional area than the boiler cylinder steam spaces; the domes are by
means of double clbow pipes d, d, united to one common steam

page_text: collector e. The boiler cylinders K are united by means of double
bends a, a, in a serpentine fashion, as shown; the last cylinder K is by
means of the pipe m connected to the horizontal parallel tubes h, h, and
to another set of horizontal parallel tubes f, f, at a certain vertical
distance from the tubes h, h; the tubes h, h, are united to the corre-
sponding tubes ƒ, ƒ, by means of a number of smaller vertical pipes, and
the steam generated therein is carried off to the aforesaid steam collector e.
The tubes h, k, are by means of pipes connected to the feed chamber /
and feed pipe 7.
The grate & extends nearly across the whole width of the boiler. The
draught passes under one boiler cylinder after another, but the area of
flue is gradually diminished, as shown, according to the diminished heat
and bulk of the gases, at the same time the bridges to between each two
cylinders cause a repeated intimate mixture of the gases and the air, the
products of combustion at last arrive at the tube system R in a com-
paratively cool condition, pass through the same, and finally either
pass off through the flue p which is provided with a damper as shown,
or they may be made to pass along and around the feed chamber k
first.
When the boiler cylinders K are long they are supported in the
middle on a wall q which in this case protects the circumferential rivet
seams in this place against burning; the only other rivet seams are the
longitudinal seams at the top where they are not exposed to the fire;
rivet seams exposed to the fire are thus altogether avoided.
The feed water passes through from the pipe at the back to the fore-
most cylinder k, and the bot gases pass in the opposite direction, which
arrangement is the most economical and rational, and also prevents
incrustation, or nearly so, the most likely place, viz., the tubular
system R can however be easily cleaned if required as follows:-By
placing the steam collector e more toward the side wall than here shown
the pipe connections, g, may be opened and the vertical pipes be
cleaned by boring; the horizontal pipes and fmay be easily cleaned
by removing the end covers for same. b, b, are the mud hole doors of
the boiler cylinders.
When this Invention is applied to portable engine or semi-portable
engine boilers the boiler cylinders and water tubes are set and enclosed
respectively in suitable iron casing which should be lined with fire-brick

page_text: or clay inside where exposed to the heat or greatest heat. Two of the
said cylinders in combination with water tube system, or several cylinders
without the water tube system would then constitute a combined boiler
according to this Invention, the other part being arranged and adapted
according to the general features set forth.
The following are the advantages of this boiler: —
1. Economy in fuel because of better combustion by the repeated
mixing of the gases and air because of the flow of the feed water being
in the opposite direction to that of the draught because of the constantly
diminishing draught, and in proportion to diminished bulk of the
products of combustion because of the use of their boiler plates and
system of tubes with thin walls, and also the draught area being so
small at the latter end of same because of the proper action of the
draught on all parts of the heating surface, and because of the application
of a vertical tubular system containing water.
2. Greater strength because of the uniform expansion in one direction
because of the avoidance of all seams and rivets exposed to the heat,
because of avoidance of direct heat on the tubular system, because of
less concentration of flame on some parts of the heating surface, and
because of the gradual concentration of the flame in proportion to the
decreased volume of the gases without using a bridge in the fore part of
the flue.

page_text: increasing in area and provided with bridges w, the cylinders K. being
united by pipe connections d, d, and e, and arranged relatively to the
grates, all substantially as set forth, the whole combined or not with a
water tube system R arranged substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, have i
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
EDW³. GRIFFITH BREWER. (L.S.)