IMPROVEMENTS IN WIND MOTORS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of
53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WIND MOTORS," a communication to me from abroad by Alexandre Dumont, of
11, Boulevard Magenta, Paris, France, Gentleman to be as follows:-
The Invention which forms the subject of the present application for Letters
Patent consists in an improved system of aerial motor or atmospheric turbine.
The principal advantages of this improved motor consist (1) in the form of tho
vanes or blades and the improved mechanism whereby it is enabled to trim or
adjust itself automatically to the direction of the wind in a slight breeze of
from 150 to 2 metres per second velocity and of producing an impelling power
when exposed to a slight wind of from 2 to 24 metres velocity only, (2) In the
capability. of moderating its speed in a self-acting manner and without other aid,
thus enabling it to work without risk in the most violent tempests, (3) in the
arrangements for ensuring a supply of oil for lubricating the whole of the frictional
surfaces and keeping the apparatus in working order, which supply needs replenishing
from five to six times in the year only.
The Invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings,
wherein figures 1 and 2 are face and side views showing the improved construction
of motor wheel and framing as designed for mills of small size. Figures 3 to 8
represent the vanes or blades of the improved motor both separately and combined.
Figures 9 to 14 show details of lubricating bearings, eccentric and mode of
pivotal suspension of the apparatus represented in figures 1 and 2. Figures 15
to 23 show portions of one of these improved motors mounted on lubricating
bearings and of slightly different arrangement to those represented in figures 1, 2,
and 9 to 14, as well as compensating and adjusting mechanism which are employed
with apparatus of medium and large dimensions.
I will first describe generally the atmospheric turbine represented in figures 1
and 2 As will be seen in these figures, the whole apparatus is supported upon a

page_text: hollow column A. In a step upon the top of said column A is a steel pivot upon
which is hung the frame B which in turn supports all the other parts of the motor
and is free to turn automatically by the action of the wind, the blades being self
directing, C, C are the lubricating bearings in which the shaft D of the motor
wheel E is supported, the latter being counterbalanced by the cast iron weights F.
At G is an eccentric keyed to the shaft by which the motion is transmitted to a
rod I which passes down through the pivot and column A. J, K is a rocking
beam connecting with the lower end of rod I for a purpose hereinafter explained.
The above described machine is distinguished more particularly by (1) the form of
the vanes or blades which serve to collect the force of the wind (2) the peculiar
form and special mode of consolidating the wind mill composed of these vanes
(3) the construction of bearings C (4) the arrangement of eccentric and its yoke G,
(5) the mode of suspending the above parts and their supporting frame B upon the
central pivot, (6) the particular arrangement of the balance beam J, K for
transmitting the power.
Other parts not represented in figures 1 and 2 but also applicable to atmospheric
turbines of large or medium size consist (1) of mechanism for increasing the power
of the apparatus in light winds by 30 per cent (2) An arrangement by means of
which the position of the windmill may be changed while working in order to stop
it, (3) An arrangement of lubricating bearing which is entirely closed, and may
according to circumstances be employed concurrently with the bearing C before
referred to.
I will now proceed to describe the various parts in detail.
(1.) The vanes or blades I now employ for the atmospheric turbine are very
similar to those described in my former patent dated December 1st 1882, No 5743.
While based on the same principle they are however distinguished by two novel
principles which play an important part in their construction; I having in the
'first place found it more advantageous to base the arrangement of the vanes or
blades upon the cotangent instead of as previously upon the sinus of the angle
made with the plane of rotation. I also considerably increase their breadth O, O
which I will term the depth of the windmill (see figures 4 and 6). In consequence
of these modifications and in order that the importance of the novel arrangements
by which the vanes thus constructed are utilized may be more readily understood
I will procced to fully describe the same. Figure 3 shows the outline of the curve
of one of the vanes and its projection on a plane perpendicular to the shaft of the
mill of which it forms part. Figure 4 shows the horizontal projection of the vane.
Figure 5 shows the development of a sector of 79° equal to the surface occupied by
each vane in the geometrical circle formed by the projection of the entire mill on a
plane perpendicular to the shaft, the mill being supposed to be composed of four
vanes or blades. Figure 6 shows the development with their curvature and incli-
nation to the plane of rotation, of the several transverse lines of the vane from the
centre to the circumference. Figure 7 shows a perspective view of the front face
presented to the wind of a windmill composed of four vanes or blades grouped
together and constructed according to this Invention. Figure 8 is a similar view
of the rear face.
The vanes, whatever may be their number, which varies according to circum-
stances, collectively occupy about the of the geometrical surface of the mill. Each
vane is curved in its length from the centre to the circumference. (see figure 1)
inversely to the direction of motion, so that during its rotation about point O, the
resistance of the air thrown back by its rear face shall be equally distributed over
the entire area of said face, instead of being for the several parts OH, HF,
FD, DB, proportionate to the square of the velocity which each acquires during
the motion, as would be the case were the vane flat instead of curved. Practically
it may be constructed of the proportious represented in figure 3, according to a
demi-parabola whose directrix and focus (abcdefghi) vary throughout the
outline, the vertex of the parabola being at the centre of the mill. Each vane may
be divided transversely into an infinite number of curved lines A B, C D, E F, G H,

page_text: (figures 3 to 6) all of whose points are equidistant from the centre of rotation O
and whose projections on a plane perpendicular to the shaft are all concentric.
Each of these lines (see figure 6) lies wholly in one plane, forming with the plane
of rotation a varying angle as follows. The extreme transverse curve A B of the
vane towards the circumference is inclined according to circumstances and the
speed to be attained, so as to form an angle with the plane of rotation of from 25°
to 35°. From this as a basis the others CD, E F, GH, nearer the shaft are so
inclined that the cotangent of the angle formed by each with the plane of rotation,
shall be proportionate to the distance between it and the centre. Thus each vane
is parallel to the shaft at the centre, while midway between the centre and the
circumference of the mill it forms with it an angle of from 40° to 45° and at its
extremity near the circumference it always forms with it an angle of from 55°
to 65°.
A mill composed of four vanes for example, when seen transversely, presents an
edge 00 (figures 4 and 6) equal to about ths. of the diameter of said mill, which
dimensions are preferable to the 4ths represented in figure 2 of my preceding
patent. This length O, O would be proportionately reduced or increased according
to the number of vanes or blades grouped together.
By suitably combining the above principles in the construction of the vanes or
blades, a mill is obtained which will turn at a relatively much faster rate in a
light wind than when driven by a strong wind and will always work smoothly
and without shocks in the most violent tempests to which it may be exposed.
Experiments made with a model one metre in diameter show that a mill con-
structed as shown in figures 7 and 8 entirely free and exposed, unweighted to a
wind travelling at the rate of two metres per second, will make one revolution for
every two metres travelled by the wind and for a wind of 10 metres, will make
one revolution for every four metres travelled by the wind. It was also proved
that with a wind of from 13 to 14 metres velocity, the mill attained its greatest
speed of 3 revolutions per second which speed is rarely exceeded however violent
may be the air currents. The maximum speed attained by a similar mill of four
metres diameter, under the same conditions was from 50 to 55 revolutions per
minute.
2adly The vanes or blades composing the windmill E as described and as shown
in figures 1 and 2, are mounted between a pair of ring frames L, M, N resembling
the two halves of a divided velocipede wheel connected together by cross ties and
provided with spokes extending from the circumference to the nave.
The wings or blades which are made of sheet iron or other metal are attached to
the spokes at each point of intersection and being held between the rings and
consolidated by the cross ties which hold the rings rigidly apart, a very strong but
comparatively light structure is obtained. The mill constructed as described is for
the sake of convenience separately mounted upon a hollow spindle, capable of
being readily fitted upon the shaft D figure 2, the length of which may be corre-
spondingly reduced, while to facilitate transport and fixing, in the case of large
mills, each ring with its spokes attached is made in sections and afterwards
connected together at the centre and circumference.
3rdly The bearings C of which figures 9 and 10 show sectional elevations at right
angles, consist essentially of a roller O of a diameter equal to about five times that
of shaft D which turns in contact therewith. The roller is mounted on a spindle
turning in lubricating bearings P which rest upon U shaped bearings Q each half
of which is hollowed at top to embrace the shaft D and may also serve to support
the same. When the mill has been fitted in position, the shaft is supported entirely
by the roller O for which purpose the shaft is provided at this point with a steel
bush R made in two halves to facilitate placing it in position. S is a cap bolted on
bearings to prevent the lifting or lateral displacement of the shaft, T is an oil
reservoir in which is a wick kept constantly in contact with wheel O by a spring;
the form of the reservoir is such as to ensure any excess of oil supplied to the wick
being returned thereto. U, U are screws fitted in each half of the bearings Q which

page_text: serve to raise shaft D when it is desired to examine the roller O, or bearings P &c.
It will be seen that the above described mechanism provides an exceptionally
smooth rolling friction and ensures a perfect lubrication of the working surfaces for
a lengthened period of time.
4thly Figures 11, 12, and 13 show an elevation longitudinal and transverse
sections relatively to shaft D of a closed eccentric yoke which is connected to said
shaft by the guide slots V.
A sufficient quantity of oil for two or three months, is supplied to the shaft D
working in the slots V, by the two rollers X X and to the eccentric itself by two
other rollers Y; all four rollers which are mounted on springs and turn freely on
their axes dip in a cavity made at the bottom of the eccentric box or yoke. These
arrangements while ensuring a supply of lubricating oil for a lengthened period,
also dispense with the necessity of placing a guide for the transmission rod H, I above
and immediately below the eccentric box which is a great advantage. It should
also be observed that the guide slots V besides guiding the eccentric yoke upon the
shaft, also carry the latter round with it as the mill turns on its axis.
5thly Figure 14 is a sectional elevation showing details of the mode of suspending
framing B. At the upper end of column A is fitted a step Z (separately represented
in figure 14bis) having a tube x for retaining the oil, the step being provided with
an opening through which the transmission rod freely passes, but which is however
rendered oil tight by the tube x soldered to said opening. In the bottom of the
step which is filled with oil around said tube, is an annular steel bush upon which
the cap W also similary provided with a steel bush, is hung or supported. The cap
is first placed in position after which the frame B is drawn upwards by mean of
the four adjusting screws with which said cap is provided, until it abuts against it;
the frame B will be thus hung or suspended upon an annular pivot.
The frame B as before mentioned is in equilibrium, the counterbalance F
(figure 2) being adjusted to suit. With a view however to guard against the effects
of sudden gusts of wind upon the frame, it is provided with a collar a bolted to its
underside, fitting upon an enlarged part of the supporting column A and dipping
in a cavity containing oil provided at this point as shown in figure 14. In this
manner the lubrication of the parts connected with the automatic adjustment of the
mill to the direction of the wind is ensured for a period of two or three months,
such lubrication greatly facilitating its motion. This is evident from the fact that
the apparatus when exposed to a light breeze of two metres velocity per second,
will shift to the extent of from 20° to 25°.
6thly The action of the balance beam J, K, is clearly shown in figures 1 and 2;
when the motor shown in these figures is working the transmission rod H, I
supported in guides c, d carries with it in its reciprocating motion the yoke to the
centre of which is attached the connecting rod e, f and with it the balance
beam JK, connected at one end to said rod and at the other end J to the rods of
the pump worked by the mill.
By the employment of this balance beam a great part of the inconvenience due
to the inertia of the counterweight required to balance that of the eccentric, rod,
pump piston &c is avoided and thanks to its aid the equilibrium of the parts is
established within a little.
The arrangement of mechanism above described is the more remarkable owing to
the lubrication of the whole of the parts being absolutely ensured for a period of
several months.
It will be seen in effect that on the termination of the upstroke, the oil cups g, h
fixed on the transmission rod and partaking in its movement are raised in such
manner as to cause the fixed guides c, d to dip therein once for every revolution of
the mill. At the same time as seen in figure 2 all the joints efij of the connecting
rod and balance beam actually dip into cups which are always full of oil, thereby
ensuring perfect smoothness of motion.
7thly The so called compensating mechanism is represented in figures 15, 16, 17,
18 and 19 and consists of a toothed wheel 2 keyed on mill shaft D which drives at

page_text: the rate of two turns to one of said wheel a pinion m acting upon a lever arm n
provided with a weight p suitable to the power of the mill. The advantages of
this arrangement will be seen by examining with regard to a certain number
of positions comprising one revolution of the eccentric, the action of the latter and
that of the weight p.
Figure 16 shows the eccentric in the middle of its upward movement which
demands of the driving shaft D a maximum effort to overcome the resistance
opposed to it, at which moment weight p falls and assists the shaft by its whole
weight multiplied by the leverage. In figure 17 the eccentric being at the top of
its course does not absorb any power and allows full freedom of action of which
the shaft is capable and leaves the whole power of the shaft available which power
is absorbed by the weight p which in rising, offers a maximum resistance. In
figure 18 the eccentric is in the middle of its downward course and in figure 19 in
its lowest position, presenting situations similar to those of figures 16 and 17. The
compensating mechanism above described thus forms a new kind of fly wheel for
storing the power of the motor unutilized, at the ends of the course of the eccentric
and rendering this power available at the desired moment for carrying it past the
dead points. Its utility is particularly evident in light winds, when the mill turns
slowly and cannot itself perform the office of a flywheel.
8thly On inspecting figures 22 and 23 it will be seen how apparatus of the
largest size may be put out of action and stopped however violent may be
the wind.
At the lowest part of frame B is mounted in luga uu a worm V, which is
thrown out of gear while the mill is in work and geared when desired with a ring
of teeth formed upon the socket of the supporting column A.
This apparatus which is put in action when required obliges the frame B to
revolve on its pivot and with it the shaft carrying the windmill which may thus
be moved athwart the direction of the wind. In this position the mill exerts no
power and in order to arrest its motion absolutely, it is simply necessary to apply
an ordinary brake with counterbalance weight.
9thly The bearings q figures 15, 20, and 21 like those C before described, consist
of a roller r upon which runs the shaft D provided with a steel bush s and retained
in position by the cap t. The roller is in this case however of smaller diameter
and its journals turn in a closed box containing oil. The bearings q while possessing
the same advantages as bearings C is however more expensive and would be
employed more particularly in countries liable to sand storms where it is necessary
to enclose the machinery.

page_text: I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of
53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WIND MOTORS" (a communication to me from abroad by Alexandre Dumont of
11, Boulevard Magenta, Paris, France,) and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The invention which forms the subject of the present application for Letters
Patent consists in an improved system of aerial motor or atmospheric turbine.
The principal advantages of this improved motor consist (1) in the form of the
vanes or blades and the improved mechanism whereby it is enabled to trim or
adjust itself automatically to the direction of the wind in a slight breeze of from
1.50 to 2 metres per second velocity and of producing an impelling power when
exposed to a slight wind of from 2 to 2 metres velocity only, (2) In the capability
of moderating its speed in a self acting manner and without other aid, thus
enabling it to work without risk in the most violent tempests, (3) in the arrange-
ments for ensuring a supply of oil for lubricating the whole of the frictional
surfaces and keeping the apparatus in working order, which supply needs
replenishing from five to six times in the year only.
The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings,
wherein figures 1 and 2 are face and side views showing the improved construction
of motor wheel and framing, as designed for mills of small or medium size, in
which the motion is transmitted by wheel and pinion gear Figures 3 to 5 represent
one of the vanes or blades of the improved motor. Figures 6 to 10 show portions
of one of these improved motors mounted on lubricating bearings and of slightly
different arrangement to that represented in figures 1 and 2, a rectilinear
reciprocating motion being in this case transmitted by an eccentric on the motor
shaft; also a compensating and adjusting mechanism which increases the power of
the motor. Figures 11 to 18 show details of lubricating bearings, eccentric and
mode of pivotal suspension of the apparatus represented in figures 1, 2 and 6.
I will first describe generally the atmospheric turbine represented in figures 1
and 2. As will be seen in these figures, the whole apparatus is supported upon a
hollow column A. In a step upon the top of said column A is a steel pivot upon
which is hung the frame B which in turn supports all the other parts of the motor
and is free to turn automatically by the action of the wind, the blades being self
directing. The shaft D of the motor wheel E is supported in a single bearing C,
being counterbalanced by the weight F. u guide in which shaft turns without
pressure. G figures 1 and 2, is a toothed wheel or an eccentric as in figure 6, keyed
to the shaft, by which the motion is transmitted to a rod H I, which passes down
through the pivot and column A. The above described machine is distinguished
more particularly by (1) the form of the vanes or blades which serve to collect the
force of the wind (2) the peculiar form and special mode of consolidating the
wind-mill composed of these vanes (3) the construction of bearings C and g

page_text: employed in conjunction (4) the arrangement of eccentric and its yoke G, (5) the
mode of suspending the above parts and their supporting frame B upon the central
pivot, (6) the compensating mechanism represented in figure 6, which is applicable
to any of these improved motors and increases the power 30 per cent.
I will now proceed to describe the various parts in detail :-
(1). The vanes or blades I now employ for the atmospheric turbine are very
similar to those described in my former patent dated December 1st 1882 N° 5743.
While based on the same principle they are however distinguished by two novel
features which play an important part in their construction; I have in the first
place found it more advantageous to base the arrangement of the vanes or blades
upon the cotangent instead of as previously upon the sinus of the angle made with
the plane of rotation. I also considerably increase their breadth o, o, at the
circumference, and reduce it to zero at the centre of the windmill (see figure 4).
In consequence of these modifications and in order that the importance of the
novel arrangements by which the vanes thus constructed are utilized may be more
readily understood, I will proceed to fully describe one of the vanes and the
manner in which it is applied. Figure 3 shows the outline of the curve of the
vane and its projection on a vertical plane perpendicular to the shaft of the mill
of which it forms part. Figure 4 shows the horizontal and figure 5 the lateral
projection of the vane.
The vanes, whatever may be their number, which varies according to circum-
stances, collectively occupy about 4th of the geometrical surface of the mill,
without however limiting myself thereto.
Each vane is curved in its length from the centre to the circumference (see
figure 3) inversely to the direction of motion, so that during its rotation about
point o, the resistance of the air thrown back by its rear face, shall be equally
distributed over the entire area of said face, instead of being for the several
parts OH, H F, F D, D B, proportionate to the square of the velocity which
each acquires during the motion, as would be the case were the vane flat instead
of curved. Practically it may be constructed of the proportions represented in
figure 3, according to a demi-parabola whose directrix and focus (a, b, c, d, e, f, g,
h, i) vary throughout the outline the vertex of the parabola being at the centre of
the mill. Each vane may be supposed to be divided transversely into an infinite
number of curved liues A. B, C D, E F, G H, (figures 3 to 5) all of whose points
are equidistant from the centre of rotation O and whose projections on a plane
perpendicular to the shaft are all concentric. Each of these lines lies wholly in
one plane, forming with the plane of rotation a varying angle as follows. The
extreme transverse curve A B, of the vane towards the circumference is inclined
according to circumstances and the speed to be attained, so as to form an angle of
from 25° to 35°, with the plane of rotation. From this as a basis, the others CD,
E F, G H, nearer the shaft, are so inclined that the cotangent of the angle formed
by each with the plane of rotation, shall be proportionate to the distance between
it and the centre. Thus each vane is parallel to the shaft at the centre, while
midway between the centre and the circumference of the mill, it forms with it an
angle of from 40° to 45° and at its extremity near the circumference, it always
forms with it an angle of from 55° to 65°.
A mill composed of four vanes for example, when seen transversely, presents an
edge O, (figure 4) equal to about the of the diameter of said mill, which
dimensions are preferable to the 4 the represented in figure 2 of my preceding
patent. This length O, O, would be proportionately reduced as it approaches the
centre, so that all the lines a b, c d e f &c drawn parallel to the shaft O, O, on the
lateral projection, figure 5, shall be proportionate in length to the real distance
between the shaft and the points from which the lines a, c, d, e start.
By suitably combining the above principles in the construction of the vanes, a
mill is obtained which will turn at a relatively much faster rate in a light wind
than when driven by a strong wind and will always work smoothly and without
shocks in the most violent tempests to which it may be exposed,

page_text: Experiments made with a model one metre in diameter, show that a mill
entirely free and exposed, unweighted to a wind travelling at the rate of two
metres per second, will make one revolution for every two metres travelled by the
wind and for a wind of 10 metres, will make one revolution for every four metres
travelled by the wind. It was also proved that with a wind of from 13 to 14
metres velocity, the mill attained its greatest speed of 3 revolutions per second
which speed is rarely exceeded however violent may be the motion of the air
currents. The maximum speed attained by a similar mill of four metres diameter,
under the same conditions was from 50 to 55 revolutions per minute. It is thus
evident that vanes of large area and of a form suited for catching the slightest
breeze may be exposed without danger to the most violent tempests.
2ndly The vanes composing the wind mill E as described and as shown in
figures 1 and 2, are mounted between a pair of ring frames or wheels L M provided
with spokes extending from the circumference to the nave with cross stays
intersecting each other in the interior and with tie rods for holding the rings
rigidly apart (see figure 1b which represents the framing L M without the vanes).
The vanes which are made of sheet iron or other metal are attached to the
spokes at each point of intersection, at their forward ends, and to the cross stays
at their rear ends, and being held between the rings and consolidated by the cross
ties which hold the rings rigidly apart, a very strong but comparatively light
structure is obtained. The mill constructed as described is moreover for the purpose
of being more easily worked, separately mounted upon a hollow spindle, capable
of being readily fitted upon the shaft D figure 2, the length of which may be
correspondingly reduced, while to facilitate transport and fixing in the case of
large mills, each ring with its cross stays and spokes is made in sections which
may be connected together at the centre and circumference.
3rdly The bearings C of which figures 11 and 12 show sectional elevations at
right angles, consist essentially of a roller O of a diameter equal to about five
times that of shaft D which turns in contact therewith. The roller is mounted on
a spindle turning in lubricating bearings P which rest upon U shaped bearings Q
each half of which is hollowed at top to embrace the shaft D and may also serve
to support the same. When the mill has been fitted in position, the shaft is
supported entirely by the roller O for which purpose the shaft is provided at this
point with a steel bush R made in two halves to facilitate placing it in position.
S is a cap
bolted on bearings Q to prevent the lifting or lateral displacement of the
shaft, T is an oil reservoir in which a wick is kept constantly in contact with
wheel O by a spring; the form of the reservoir is such as to ensure any excess of
oil supplied to the wick being returned thereto. U, U, are screws fitted in each
half of the bearings Q which serve to raise shaft D when it is desired to examine
the roller O, or bearings P &c. It will be seen that the above described mechanism
provides an exceptionally smooth rolling friction and ensures a perfect lubrication
of the working surfaces for a lengthened period of time. The bearing represented
in figures 13 and 14 like that above described is composed of a roller in contact
with which the shaft D revolves, it being provided at this point with a steel
bushing & held in position by a cap t. The distinguishing feature in this bearing is
that the roller r is of small diameter and is together with its journals enclosed in
an oil vessel and completely immersed in oil.
4thly Figures 15, 16 and 17 show an elevation longitudinal and transverse
sections relatively to shaft D of a closed eccentric yoke which is connected to
said shaft by the guide slots V.
A sufficient quantity of oil for two or three months, is supplied to the shaft D
working in the slots V, by the two rollers X, X and to the eccentric itself by two
other rollers Y; all four rollers which are mounted on springs and turn freely on
their axes dip in a cavity made at the bottom of the eccentric box or yoke. The
arrangements while ensuring a supply of lubricating oil for a lengthened period,
also dispense with the necessity of placing a guide for the transmission rod H İ
above and immediately below the eccentric yoke which is a great advantage,

page_text: It should also be observed that the guide slots ▼ besides guiding the eccentric yoke
upon the shaft, also carry the latter round with it as the mill turns on its axis.
5thly Figure 18 is a sectional elevation showing details of the mode of suspending
framing B. At the upper end of column A is fitted a step Z (separately represented
in figure 18bis) having a tube x for retaining the oil, the step being provided with
an opening through which the transmission rod freely passes, but which is however
rendered oil tight by the tube soldered to said opening. In the bottom of the
step which is filled with oil around said tube, is an annular steel bush upon which
the cap W also similarly provided with a steel bush, is hung or supported. The
cap is first placed in position, after which the frame B is drawn upwards by means
of the four adjusting screws, with which said cap is provided, until it abuts
against it; the frame B will be thus hung or suspended upon an annular pivot.
The frame B as before mentioned is in equilibrium, the counterbalance F
(figure 1) being adjusted to suit. With a view however to guard against the
effects of sudden gusts of wind or otherwise upon the frame, it is provided with a
collar a bolted to its underside, fitting upon an enlarged part of the supporting
column A and dipping in a cavity containing oil provided at this point as shown in
figure 18. In this manner the lubrication of the parts connected with the
automatic adjustment of the mill to the direction of the wind is ensured for a
period of two or three months, such lubrication greatly facilitating its motion
This is evident from the fact that the apparatus when exposed to a light breeze of
two metres velocity per second, will shift to the extent of from 20° to 25°.
6thly The so called compensating mechanism is represented in figures, 6, 7, 8, 9
and 10 and consists of a toothed wheel 2 keyed on mill shaft D or upon an
intermediate shaft receiving motion therefrom, which drives at the rate of two turns
to one of said wheel, a pinion m acting upon a lever arin n provided with a
weight p suitable to the power of the mill.
The advantages of this arrangement will be seen by examining with regard to a
certain number of positions comprising one revolution of the eccentric, the action
of the latter and that of the weight p.
Figure 7 shows the eccentric in the middle of its upward movement, which
demands of the driving shaft D, a maximum effort to overcome the resistance
opposed to it, at which moment weight p falls and assists the shaft by its whole
weight multiplied by the leverage. In figure 8, the eccentric being at the top of
its course does not absorb any power and allows full freedom of action of which
the shaft is capable and leaves the whole power of the shaft available, which power
is absorbed by the weight p which in rising, offers a maximum resistance. In
figure 9, the eccentric is in the middle of its downward course, and in figure 10 in
its lowest position, presenting situations similar to those of figures 7 and 8.. The
compensating mechanism above described, thus forms a new kind of fly wheel for
storing the power of the motor unutilized at the ends of the course of the
eccentric, and rendering this power available at the desired moment for carrying it
past the dead points. Its utility is particularly evident in light winds, when the
mill turns slowly and cannot itself perform the office of a flywheel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. Constructing the vanes of the improved wind motor forming the subject of
my before mentioned patent of the form herein described, combined with the other
improvements herein specified.
2. The general arrangement herein described of the improved wind motor all the
parts of which are specially constructed for working in the open air and also
provided with means of lubrication for a period of from two to three months, that
is to say a motor which needs inspection but four or five times a year and works
the rest of the time without supervision as described.

page_text: 3. The particular construction of motor wheel herein described whereby the
firm attachment of the curved vanes is ensured and the transport and fitting of
the apparatus facilitated.
4. The construction of bearings C and q in which a shaft of the largest diameter
may revolve with little or no friction and which is also capable of containing
sufficient lubricating material for a period of from two to three months.
5. The construction of eccentric yoke G guided by the shaft itself upon which it
is keyed, said eccentric being provided with a supply of lubricating material for
from two to three months.
6. The mode of suspension of the apparatus upon an annular pivot immersed
in the lubricant whereby it is enabled to automatically trim itself in the slightest
breeze.
7. The compensating mechanism herein described by which the power of the
motor is increased by 30 per cent in light winds.
8. The application of the above improvements to other kinds of wind motors.