IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MIXING AND MOULDING MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL, PART OF WHICH. MACHINERY OR APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE TO MOULDING BRICKS AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MIXING AND
MOULDING MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL, PART OF WHICH.
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE TO MOULDING BRICKS AND OTHER
ANALOGOUS ARTICLES." - A communication from abroad by Messrs.
Couillard and Mazeline, of Havre, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 23rd October 1860, and dated the 24th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th May 1860.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MIXING AND
MOULDING MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL, PART OF WHICH MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE TO MOULDING BRICKS AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention of improved machinery or apparatus for mixing and
moulding materials for the manufacture of fuel, and for moulding bricks and.

page_text: other analogous articles, relates to improvements upon an Invention for the
same object, for which I obtained Letters Patent, bearing date 4th May 1858,
(No. 992.)
The present Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of the
principal working parts, which may be divided under three heads, consisting,
1st, of the mixing and softening apparatus, in which the combustible in-
gredients are heated by the direct action of steam; 2nd, the apparatus for
agitating these substances, and then conducting them into and filling the
moulds; 3rd, the mechanism for compressing the substance in the moulds and
effecting the discharge of the blocks therefrom. The apparatus is composed
therefore of a mixer, a filler, and a moulder, all of which are mounted on or
secured to the same foundation plate, and therefore constitute one complete
machine. The pulverized ingredients in a cold state, such, for instance, as
pulverized small coal and pitch or other binding material, are supplied to the
mixing apparatus at the top, and are reduced to the state of a thick paste in
this latter by the action of the hot steam while the materials are kept in motion
by the arms of the shaft of a pug mill. This pasty mass is delivered out at an
aperture below into the filling apparatus, where it is agitated, and is then
conducted to the moulds of the moulding apparatus, where it is compressed,
and is ultimately delivered out of the mould, and deposited on a travelling
endless band, whereby it is. conveyed away. A single main shaft, which
derives its motion from the prime mover, actuates the three principal parts of
the apparatus by means of suitable driving wheels and pinions.
The principal features of novelty in the mixing apparatus are the adaptation
to the cylinder of several short tubes pierced with a number of small holes, to
allow steam or hot air to escape therefrom. These tubes are arranged to
project into the interior of the cylinder at different heights, so as to supply the
hot air or steam to various parts of the mass of materials, and thereby
accelerate the softening and adhesion of the particles.
Another improvement is forming a conical bottom to the cylinder, so as to
facilitate the discharge of the pasty mass therefrom. To this end it is also
proposed to employ curved arms for the purpose of driving the materials to
the circumference, and consequently towards the exit aperture of the cylinder.
The filling apparatus is arranged in such a manner as to fill two moulds at the
same time. The filling operation is effected by means of a rotating stirrer, and
the moulds are arranged to come twice under the stirrer, so that the filling
operation may be more completely effected. The stirrer consists of a cast-iron
nave, fixed upon the driving shaft, and provided with arms, which in case of
any of them breaking may be exchanged for new ones.

page_text: The rotating mould wheel is provided with a greater number of moulds
than the former apparatus, and they are therefore placed closer together,
whereby the filling operation will be much facilitated. The rotating mould
wheel is supported by a series of antifriction rollers, and receives an inter-
mittent motion, which admits of the blocks being subjected to pressure by the
action of steam on the piston in the steam cylinder. By this means a perfect
compression of the blocks is insured, and the moulds are lined internally with
sheet iron or steel, which may be renewed when worn. The compressing
lever is provided with a kind of joint, and the piston rod which works it is
accurately guided. The several parts of the mechanism are so arranged that
each part alone may have motion communicated to it by means of gearing and
clutches. I would also observe that the stirring, filling, and moulding parts,
or some of them, may be employed for making, moulding, or pressing
bricks.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 24th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said
William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MIXING AND MOULDING
MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL, PART OF WHICH MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE TO MOULDING BRICKS AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES,"
being a communication from abroad by Messrs. Couillard & Mazeline, of
Havre, in the Empire of France, upon the condition (amongst others) that

page_text: I, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention of improved machinery or apparatus for mixing and moulding
materials for the manufacture of fuel, and for moulding bricks and other
analogous articles, relates to improvements upon an Invention for the same
object, for which I obtained Letter Patent bearing date 4th May 1858,
No. 992.
The present Invention relates to the arrangement, construction, and combi-
nation in one machine of the principal working parts required for the pro-
duction of blocks of artificial fuel, or for moulding and compressing bricks and
other analogous articles. The principal working parts may be divided under
three heads, consisting, first, of the mixing and softening apparatus, in which
the combustible ingredients are heated by the direct action of steam, and
thereby brought to a plastic state, so as to admit of them being moulded into
blocks; second, the apparatus for stirring and agitating these substances, and
then conducting them into and filling the moulds; third, the mechanism for
compressing the substance in the moulds and effecting the discharge of the
blocks therefrom. The several Figures in the accompanying Drawings repre-
sent views of the improved apparatus which forms the subject of the present
Invention.
Fig. 1, Sheet I., is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the apparatus com-
plete; Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the moulding and compressing apparatus.
Fig. 3, Sheet II., is a sectional plan view, shewing the moulding wheel and
the means of actuating the same; Fig. 4 is another sectional plan view shewing
the construction and arrangement of the mixing or stirring apparatus, and
the means of softening the ingredients. The apparatus is composed therefore
of a mixer A, a filler B, and a moulder C, all of which are mounted on or
secured to the same foundation plate, and therefore constitute one complete
machine.
The pulverized ingredients, such, for instance, as pulverized small coal and
pitch or other binding material, are supplied in a cold state to the pug mill of

page_text: the mixing apparatus. The pulverized materials enter at the top of the
cylinder A, Fig. 1, and are reduced to the state of a thick paste in the cylinder
by the action of the hot steam which issues from perforations in the arms a of
the central vertical shaft b, and also from stationary arms c, Figs. 4 and 4*,
which project inwardly from the sides of the cylinder A. The steam enters
among the materials while they are kept in agitation by the motion of the
arms a of the shaft 6 of the pug mill. The pasty mass when well mixed is
delivered out at an aperture e below, and falls into the filling apparatus B,
where it is agitated by the rotating stirrer f, and is then conducted to the
moulds 9 of the moulding apparatus C, where it is compressed, and is ulti-
mately delivered out of the mould and deposited on a travelling endless band h,
whereby it is conveyed away. A single main shaft i, which derives its motion
from the prime mover, actuates the three principal parts of the apparatus by
means of suitable driving wheels and pinions, as will be clearly seen in the
Drawing.
The principal features of novelty in the mixing apparatus shewn at Figs. 1
and 4 are the adaptation to the cylinder A of the several short tubes c, pierced
with a number of small holes, as shewn in Fig. 4, to allow steam or hot air to
escape therefrom, and become intermixed with the materials in the cylinder A.
The tubes c are arranged to project into the interior of the cylinder A at
different heights, so as to supply the hot air or steam to various parts of the
mass of materials, and thereby accelerate the softening and adhesion of the
particles together while the mass is in motion.
Another improvement consists in forming a conical bottom to the cylinder A,
as shewn at A* in Fig. 1, so as to facilitate the discharge of the pasty mass
therefrom. To this end it is proposed to employ curved arms a, a, for the
purpose of driving the materials from the centre of the cylinder towards the
circumference, and consequently towards the exit aperture e of the cylinder,
from which the pasty mass is discharged into the filling apparatus B. This
filling apparatus is conveniently arranged to receive the pasty mass from the
mixing apparatus, and is provided with a rotating stirrer, which is constructed
and operated in such a manner as to fill two moulds of the moulding and
compressing machine at the same time. The rotating stirrer is composed of
five arms f, f, Fig. 4, bolted or secured to the boss or hub j, which is mounted
on the vertical shaft l. This shaft is actuated by the driving wheel m on
the vertical shaft b, through the intervention of an intermediate wheel, which
gears into a toothed wheel n on the lower end of the shaft l. The moulds of
the moulding or compressing apparatus are arranged to come twice under the
arms of the stirrer, so that the filling operation may be more completely

page_text: effected than if the moulds were filled at one operation. It will be seen on
referring to the Drawing, that the stirrer consists, as before mentioned, of the
cast-iron nave or hub j, fixed upon the driving shaft l, and provided with
separate arms f, f, so that in case of any of the arms f becoming damaged, the
defective one may be exchanged for a new one with facility.
The rotating mould wheel C is provided with a greater number of moulds
than the apparatus described and shewn in the Specification of my former
Patent, and the moulds are therefore placed closer together, whereby the
filling operation will be much facilitated. The rotating mould wheel is sup-
ported by a series of antifriction rollers o, o, and receives an intermittent
motion from the arm or lever p (Fig. 3), the outer end of which takes into
teeth on the periphery of the mould wheel, and a reciprocating motion being
communicated to the lever p, this motion, when transmitted to the mould wheel,
is converted into an intermittent rotary motion, as will be well understood on
inspecting the Drawings. The blocks in the moulds are subjected to pressure
by the action of steam on the piston r in the steam cylinder s, Figures 1 and 2.
The lower end of the piston rod 7 of the steam cylinder s is jointed to one
end of the horizontal vibrating arm or lever t, which has its fulcrum at 1, Fig. 2,
and whenever the piston r rises in the steam cylinder, the lever t forces up one
of the pistons or plungers u of the mould wheel, and by this means a perfect
'compression of the blocks is insured. The moulds are lined internally with
sheet iron or steel, as shewn at 2, Fig. 2, which may be renewed from time
to time when worn by continual use. The compressing lever is provided with
a kind of jointed arm v, which bears against the lower ends of the rods of the
mould pistons. The piston rod r¹, whereby the lever t is worked, is accurately
guided in a vertical direction by causing it to work in a guide or bracket w,
Fig. 2. The several parts of the mechanism are so arranged that, although
all the parts of the entire machine are intended to work in combination, each
part alone may have motion communicated to it by means of the gearing and
clutches connected therewith.
When the blocks have been sufficiently compressed, they are pushed up
out of the moulds by the ascent of the piston, as shewn at u in Fig. 2, and
then the blocks are pushed off from the face of the piston on to a travelling
cloth by means of the vibrating lever y, which is actuated by means of an
excentric z, secured on a shaft mounted in bearings on the top plate of the
steam cylinder. I would observe that the stirring, filling, and moulding parts
of the above-described machine, or some of them, may be employed for
making, moulding, or pressing bricks for building purposes and other analogous
articles, as well as for forming blocks of artificial fuel.

page_text: Having now described the various improvements which form the subject of.
the present Invention, and having explained the manner of carrying the same,
as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents, I would remark tliat,
inasmuch as the machinery or apparatus herein shewn and described is con-
structed very much upon the principle of the machine for which I have pre-
viously obtained Letters Patent as aforesaid, I have not thought it necessary
to give any detailed description of the construction and operation of those
parts of the present machine which do not materially differ from the machinery
previously patented as aforesaid, and for the explanation and understanding
of which I will refer to the Specification of my said previous Patent; what I
consider to be new in the present improvements, and desire to claim as the
Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, is the arrangement
and construction of parts herein set forth for mixing and moulding materials
for the manufacture of fuel, or for moulding and compressing bricks and other
analogous articles. I claim particularly combining the mixing, softening, or
heating operations, and the filling, moulding, and compressing operations in
one machine, and driving or actuating the several parts from one and the
same shaft, as herein_set_forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)