DIVERS VALUABLE IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF TRANSMITTING HEAT, AND ALSO IN THE MEANS OF TRANSMITTING COLD FROM ONE BODY TO ANOTHER, WHETHER SOLIDS OB FLUIDS
Year: 1821

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JONATHAN
DICKSON, of Holland Street, Blackfriars, in the County of Surry, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Fourth, in and by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifth day of March
last, for Himself, His heirs and successors, did give and grant unto me, the
said Jonathan Dickson, His special licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Jonathan Dickson, my exors, admors, and assigns,
and every of them, by myself and themselves, or by my or their deputy or
deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said Jonathan Dickson,
my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, and exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, my Invention of
"DIVERS VALUABLE IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF TRANSMITTING HEAT, AND ALSO
IN THE MEANS OF TRANSMITTING COLD FROM ONE BODY TO ANOTHER, WHETHER SOLIDS
OB FLUIDS;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging
me, the said Jonathan Dickson, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled

page_text: in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Jonathan Dickson, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by the following
description thereof, that is to say :-
My improvements in the means of transmitting or communicating heat to
bodies are by a furnace, the grate or fire bars of which I cause to move back-
ward and forward by any mechanical apparatus made in the common way for
that purpose, such as a calender motion, a mangle motion, or the like; this
furnace I make of iron and other fit and proper material or materials in the
common way; and I make it either square, oblong, or any other shape to
suit the place where it is intended to be used; to each end or side of the
moveable frame that carries the fire bars I attach a plate, each of whose length
or width is at least equal to the distance that the furnace or grate is intended
to move; these plates move in grooves and prevent the admission of cold air
into the furnace at this part, and the whole is placed upon two or moore wheels
or rollers, the axis of which is supported by two bars fixed in the brickwork,
one on each side of the ash-pit; these bars are placed at a proper distance to
allow the grate, frame, and plates to move freely betwixt them, and they have
rabited edges to cover the space between them and the moveable frame and
plates; this space is nearly filled with ashes or other small particles while the
furnace is at work, and prevents the admission of cold air at this part. I next
convey the coal or other fuel upon the fire from a hopper fixed on the top or
sides of any boiler or vessel intended to heat water or other fluids; from the
bottom of this hopper is a pipe which leads through the boiler, or I make the
boiler in separate apartments, and leave a space between where they are con-
nected together, and through this space or pipe the coal is conveyed upon the
fire by means of a wheel or roller placed at the bottom of the hopper; in the
circumference of this roller are a number of grooves, recesses, or apertures,
made either in a line parallel to the axis or in a spiral direction round the
roller, and when the coal is prepared by being made of a proper size to suit
the cavities in the roller and put into the hopper, it is evident that the grooves
or apertures on the upper side of the roller will be filled with part of the coals
in the hopper, because the roller forms part of the bottom thereof. I then turn
the roller round upon its axis by means of a lever and handle, a wheel and
pinion, or any other mechanical apparatus, and the grooves or cavities that
alternately get filled with coals at the top side of the roller regularly empty

page_text: tho
themselves as they turn downwards into the pipe that conveys them upon
fire-place or grate, which at the same time is moving backwards and forwards,
and thereby receives an uniform supply all over its surface, as the length of the
roller and conveyance pipe or space for the coal is nearly equal to the width of
the moveable grate on which the coals fall; and I place sliding plates at the
bottom of the hopper, either above or below the roller, or both, for the purpose
of admitting and regulating the supply of fuel. I also make use of doors and
registers, and other openings into the furnace, in the common way, for lighting
and cleaning the fire and for other purposes; the furnace being thus constructed,
and the means of supplying it with coal, I then give motion to the whole by
means of a wheel placed in the flew or chimney in the most advantageous
manner, so that the current of rarefied air and smoke may act upon any con-
venient number of vanes or wings placed in the circumference thereof; and I
also make use of manual labor or any other convenient power in the common
way for this purpose; and instead of wheels or rollers for this furnace or grate
to move upon as aforesaid, I also place it upon a centre at a convenient distance
underneath the furnace, or suspended from a centre above it, according to cir-
cumstances and situations and the shape of the boiler to which it may be applied,
and give motion to it by the same means as aforesaid; and I also apply this fur-
nace or grate, and the said means of supplying it with fuel, for the purpose of
heating solid bodies and smelting ores and metals or for calcining and heating
any substances whatsoever; and my improvements in the means of transmitting
or communicating cold are by applying a vessel made of iron or other materials,
so as to contain water, which vessel I call a smoke condenser, soot collector,
or any other name that the uses to which it is applied may suggest; this vessel
or cistern I make of any size according to circumstances, and place it between
the boiler or vessel and its chimney used for the purpose of heating water or
other fluids, or between any furnace or stove and its chimney used for smelting
or calcining any substances; the said vessel or cistern is kept about half full
of water, and has openings at its opposite ends nearly equal to the area of the
flue to which it is applied; the height of these openings or passages is very
small compared with the horizontal measurement, so that it causes the current
of rarefied air and smoke to enter it in a thin horizontal sheet or stream; at the
same time I cause one or more showers, streams, or sheets of water to fall per-
pendicularly from the top part of the cistern, or by any mechanical means pro-
duce jets of water, so as to cool the passing current of air, &c.; consequently the
current of rarefied air and smoke passes through one or more streams, showers,
sheats or jets of water, which will extinguish all the fiery sparks, and deprive
it of the sooty and other noxious vapours; and when circumstances require it,

page_text: I also cause the smoke to pass through a certain depth of water in the cistern
or vessel, by means of placing a plate or false top inside of the said vessel,
under which the current of rarefied air and smoke passes, and one end of this
plate is either lowered near to or into the water contained in the said cistern,
or the water is caused to raise near to or above the said plate to any height
required; and to assist the draft when necessary, I cause a large space at or
near the bottom of the chimney to be exhausted by any machanical apparatus
applied for that purpose, or by rarefying the atmospheric air in the said space
by means of heated pipes in the common way.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonathan Dickson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of May, One thousand eight hun-
dred and twenty one