Year: 1888

page_text: GEORGE WILLIAM NEWALL 34 Second Avenue Manor Park, Little Ilford Essex
Engineer. I do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pistons and slide and other valves
for distributing and controlling the admission discharge and exhaust of fluid to and
from cylinders of motor engines and pumps.
In carrying out my invention I employ a hollow bucket or trunk piston containing
two hollow recesses or passages opposite each other and terminating in two or more
ports in the top of the piston; these ports are covered and uncovered at the proper
moment by means of a slide valve fitted and working in a suitable recess or groove at
right angles to the axis of the piston. The slide valve may be flat, curved, cylindrical
or of any suitable form and contains a small rocking shaft and lever operated by a
stud or pin on the end of the connecting rod, so that at each oscillation of the con-
necting rod the slide valve is operated backwards and forwards at right angles to the
axis of the piston. The gudgeon which joins the connecting rod with the piston is
made to work in a suitable recess between the two hollow passages and contains the
studs or pins for operating the slide valve where two or more pins or studs are
required.
The gudgeon is made hollow and becomes an oil reservoir for lubricating itself and
the recess in which it works.
The fluid passes up one side of the hollow piston and enters the cylinder through
the port or ports in the top of the piston where it is controlled by the slide valve.
After the piston has completed its stroke the slide valve opens the port or ports on the
opposite side of the piston and the fluid is free to leave the cylinder by the opposite
hollow passage in the piston.
The piston is also fitted with an adjustable inlet or cut-off valve herein after termed
the adjusting valve, sliding parallel to the axis of the piston and operated by a screw
and-wheel fixed outside the cylinder and so arranged that its position may be altered
by hand while the machine is in motion. This adjusting valve is fitted into a suitable
groove or recess in the side of the piston and is curved to the radius of the
cylinder.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pistons and Valves for Fluid Motor Engines and
Pumps.
1, GEORGE WILLIAM NEWALL, 34 Second Avenue, Little Ilford, Manor Park,
Essex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of my Invention is to effect certain improvements in pistons of single
acting motive power engines, fluid pumps and exhausters, and in slide and other
valves for distributing and controlling the admission, discharge or exhaust, to and
from the cylinders.
The devices according to my Invention comprise a hollow bucket or trunk piston
containing two or more hollow recesses or passages opposite each other, and which
terminate in two or more ports in the top of the piston. Said ports are covered and
uncovered at the proper moment, by means of a slide valve-which may be either flat,
curved, cylindrical, or of any convenient form-suitably fitted and working in a recess
or groove bored in the body of, and formed at right angles to the axis of the piston,
and operated by the oscillation of the connecting rod in each revolution by any
suitable means, preferably by a small rocking shaft and lever actuated by a pin or
stud, or by an extension of the end of the connecting rod; so that, at each oscillation
of the connecting rod the slide or other valve is operated backwards and forwards
over the ports aforesaid at right angles to the axis of the piston. In some cases
however, I prefer to construct the trunk piston in two halves secured together with
two or more bolts; the piston would then be formed with suitable spigots, and
recessed out with channels for operating the slide valve. Under this modified
arrangement of parts, the extension of the end of the connecting rod above described,
may be dispensed with.
The gudgeon pin, which joins the connecting rod and piston and works in a recess
in the latter between the hollow passages herein before referred to, contains the studs
or pins for operating the slide valve.
The gudgeon itself is formed hollow, and serves as a reservoir or chamber for the
reception of a lubricant to allow of the lubrication of the recess in which the gudgeon
works, the walls of the gudgeon pin being perforated for the passage of the
lubricant.
The piston is further provided with an adjustable inlet cut off, or expansion valve,
hereinafter termed the adjusting valve-working and sliding parallel to the axis of the
piston, and operated from without the cylinder by a screw and wheel, so arranged or
disposed that its position may be altered by band, or automatically by the apparatus
according to my Invention when in motion. The adjusting valve is fitted into a
suitable recess or groove formed in the side of the piston over the inlet port, and is
curved to the radius of the cylinder.

page_text: The spaces between the ends of the gudgeon and valves are packed with suitable
distance or packing pieces, and may be recessed out to carry a spring, so arranged as
to provide against any. lateral play or side thrust against the walls of the cylinders.
The cylinders and pistons may be arranged in any suitable position, and the motor
engines are reversible by reversing the functions of the inlets and outlets only.
When the action of the apparatus according to my Invention is reversed, and is
driven by any suitable means, the pistons and valves already described may be then
employed as a pump or exhauster for raising and forcing fluids; the slide valve, when
so employed, acting in every respect similar to that employed when working as a
motor engine.
To ensure the pistons and valves of either the motor engines or pumps being kept
always in "thrust," I sometimes employ a small supplementary cylinder, having its
piston rod attached to and working with the motor engine or pump piston, and
arranged to act as an air or steam buffer or cushion cylinder, so that the main pistons
and valves may be always in "thrust" with the crank pin and main bearings of the
engine or pump.
In the accompanying drawings illustrative of my Invention, Figures 1 to 4
represent sectional views through the cylinders, pistons and valves constructed
according to my Invention. Figures 1 and are respectively a vertical sectional
view, and a horizontal sectional plan view, in which the slide valve A is devised to
work at right angles to the axis of the piston B, and operated by the end of the
connecting rod C working in a rocking shaft A' suitably disposed in the slide valve A.
band represent the inlet and outlet ports in the top of the piston B, covered and
uncovered at the proper moment by the sliding valve A. 62 represents the lap or cut
off of the fluid to the cylinder, and can be lengthened or shortened as desired.
S and S¹ represent the steam and exhaust passages respectively. C is the hollow
gudgeon or knuckle joint pin containing the lubricating perforations c. Ordinary
spring packing rings are fitted at the top and bottom of the piston B. 14 Figures 1
and 3 represent the hollow recesses or passages for conveying the fluid to and from
the cylinders, terminating with the ports and 6 in the top of the piston B.
Figures 3 and 4 represent vertical sections in reverse planes of a similar form of slide
valve A and piston B to that above described in reference to Figures 1 and 2, actuated
also by the oscillation of the connecting rod C. I here employ a separate stud or
device A¹ connected to the slido valve by means of links or rods A'. The piston B is
fitted with an adjusting valve A³, which may be operated conveniently by means of a
wheel W outside the cylinder cover O.
The adjusting valve spindle A* reciprocates with the piston B, the outer extremity
of same being formed with a square or other shaped end, working in a corresponding
bush A' in the wheel W. The lower end of the expansion valve A³ is formed with a
lug or boss fitted by the screw A, on the adjusting valve spindle, for operating same
lineally with the axis of the piston B.
The hollow gudgeon or knuckle joint pin C in the piston in all cases may be
recessed out and formed with holes c in suitable positions, so that the cavities in same
serve as reservoirs for the lubricant.
Referring to Figures 2 and 4 I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to the particular form and working arrangement of the sliding valve A, as
although the valve is here shown as working in grooves G, said valve may, as herein-
before stated, be either flat, curved, cylindrical-and working in a recess bored in the
piston or of any suitable form; the object being to retain the valve in its place when
the engine is in operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First-The general arrangement of a slide valve of any suitable form, working at
right angles to the axis of a piston, when operated by the oscillation of the connecting
rod, substantially as herein set forth.

page_text: Second-The general arrangement of studs, rocking shafts, links, or their
equivalents for actuating valves working at right angles to the axis of a piston
substantially as herein set forth.
.
Third: The general arrangement of the hollow gudgeon or knuckle joint pin
working in a piston at right angles to its axis and serving as a reservoir or receiver
for the lubricant substantially as herein described and shown.
Fourth-The general arrangement of an expansion or adjusting valve fitted in the
side of the piston and operated by a screw or equivalent device from without the
cylinder, substantially as herein described and shown.
Fifth The arrangements above described, whereby, in single acting engines the
trunk piston and its oscillating rod serve to control the admission and discharge of fluids
to and from the cylinder by means of any suitably formed valve working at right
angles to the axis of the piston, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
Dated this 2nd day of February 1889.
JAMES
STEVENSON,
Gray's Inn Chambers,
20, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agent for Applicant.
JAMES STEVENSON,
Gray's Inn Chambers,
20, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agent for Applicant.