Improvements in the Construction of Vessels and other Naval Structures.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Vessels and other Naval
Structures.
We, ITALO CILERA and CARLO Gabellini, both of 1, Via Polverone, Rome, in
the Kingdom of Italy, Inventors, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:
This invention relates to marine construction and consists essentially in the
application of beton or concrete of equal resistance as a constitutive element of
marine structures in the case of new work or as a protective element for marine
structures already constructed of other materials.
Beton of equal resistance is a material composed of a beton capable of resisting
compression and in which is embedded a skeleton frame capable of resisting
tensile strains and which distributes the internal strains throughout the mass of
concrete. Regard being had to the building materials already available for
industrial use, the constitutive elements of a beton of equal resistance consist of
cement mixed with sand with or without the addition of pebbles, in combination
with an iron or steel skeleton frame composed of bars or wire-work or combinations
thereof.
The
The carrying out of marine construction of any kind is effected in the following
manner: The iron framework would be first constructed on the lines of maximum
resistance to tension and in accordance with the data obtained by calculation
and in conformity with the outlines dictated by naval architecture
according to the nautical qualities required for the construction.
principal members of the main frame are then united by a fabric composed of
iron wires forming one or more layers of meshes of larger or smaller dimensions
proportionate to the static and dynamic strains at the different points of the
structure. This skeleton frame is then coated with successive layers of beton until
the thickness required by calculation is obtained. The two outer layers forming
the surfaces would be carefully polished.
The beton of equal resistance as applied to existing structures would act as a
protective element as well as for strengthening the construction and more
particularly the carcase. A layer of wire-work would be first attached to the part
to be protected and upon this the beton would be applied in the same manner
as when filling in the large skeleton frame in new structures. The last coating of
the beton would also be polished as before.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.

page_text: CUMI LELE DI BUIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Vessels and other Naval
Structures.
WO, ITALO CILLERA and CARLO GABELLINI, both of 1, Via Polverone, Rome, in
the Kingdom of Italy, Inventors, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
1
Befon or concrete is capable of resisting compression and by embedding in it a
means of relieving it of tensile strains wherever they occur beton of uniform resist-
ance is produced. In present building practice beton made of cement and having
embedded in it an iron or steel framing forms the best beton of uniform resistance.
The beton is composed of cement mixed with sand, with or without the addition
of pebbles or debris of other materials of a compact nature and of a degree of
coarseness suited to the use to which the beton is to be applied. The iron or steel
framing preferably formed of round bars but may be of any other sectional form
if found advantageous, and of wire netting or of what is known as expanded metal.
The carrying out of marine construction is effected in the following manner:-
reference being had to the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 represents a
longitudinal view of a boat showing the carcase or framing, the wire netting rolled
back therefrom and the concrete covering. Figure 2 is a perspective view of the
framing of a boat encased in wire netting. Figure 3 is a cross section of a portion
of the boat's side, drawn to a larger scale and shewing the framing, the netting,
the ties uniting them, and the concrete covering the whole.
A is a skeleton frame constructed of iron bars so as to form a more or less open
structure according to the degree of strength required, having the exact form of
the naval construction to be produced. This frame is then covered with wire
netting or expanded metal B which is suitably attached thereto, after which the
wire netting and frame work are completely enveloped in cement C, the outer
surface which is exposed to contact with the water being carefully polished. When
the cement has sufficiently set, the structure may be launched before it is completed
and becomes too heavy.
When it is desired to increase the strength at any point of or throughout the
entire structure suitable attachments are provided on the first layer for fixing
a series of successive open frames covered with wire netting and embedded in
cement as above described.
For large naval floating structures, such as ships, vessels, boats, etc., an economy
of material may be obtained and the structure also rendered unsinkable by provid-
ing it with double walls whose distance apart is maintained by partially filling in
the space with beton. In this manner junction ribs are formed which constitute
lines of maximum resistance in the structure and which may be rendered as strong
as necessary by embedding iron bars at those points which it is found by calculation
are liable to tensile strains.
For existing wooden naval structures a metal framework would be fixed at a
little distance from the wood surface and embedded in cement which would be
afterwards polished on its exterior surface. The structure may also be strengthened
at any point by covering it with a layer of concrete of uniform resistance as before.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:
1st. The employment of beton of uniform resistance in all kinds of naval struc-

page_text: tures as a constitutive constructional element as well as for the protection of wood
structures.
2nd. The employment of beton of uniform resistance as well as of metallic
netting or expanded metal in naval construction.
3rd. The special construction of double walled unsinkable naval structures
herein described.
A; M. & WM. CLARK,
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601 Ame to ARD er
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A; M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 58, Chancery Lane, London.