IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING OR SHAPING METALS
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Turiff, of the New Town Foundry,
Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING OR SHAPING
METALS."
Sealed the 19th May 1853, and dated the 26th November 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Turiff
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th November 1852.
I, ALEXANDER TURIFF, of the New Town Foundry, Paisley, in the
County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING OR
SHAPING METALS" to be as follows:-
This Invention is especially applicable to the production of certain
classes of articles in cast metal, of which large quantities of precisely
the same size and weight are required. The moulds are of metal,
and are made to divide or open in the usual manner for the removal
of the articles when cast. When used for casting such articles as
sash weights for example, a number of such moulds are placed ver-
tically in a box containing sand; the gates or entrances for the
melted metal in each mould being in communication with suitable

page_text: channels roughly marked out on the surface of the sand. By this
arrangement a large number of the articles exactly the same may
be cast by one pouring without involving any skilled labor in at-
tendance. It is obvious that, instead of casting all the articles in
one bed, so as to be exactly the same, various kinds of shapes inay
be arranged together to be cast as described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said Alexander Turiff in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 26th May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
ALEXANDER TURIFF, of the Newtown Foundry, Paisley, in the
County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in
the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Alexander Turiff,
Her special license that I, the said Alexander Turiff, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander
Turiff, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING OR SHAPING METALS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alexander Turiff, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Turiff, do hereby
declare the nature of my said 'Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):
My said Invention is specially applicable to the production of
certain classes of articles in cast metal, of which large quantities of
precisely the same size and weight are required. The moulds are of
inetal and are made to divide or open in the usual manner for the
removal of the article when cast. When used for casting such
articles as sash weights for example, a number of such moulds are
placed vertically in a cast iron calm, the gates or entrances for the
melted metal in each mould being in communication with suitable
channels formed in the iron calms. By this arrangement a large
number of the articles exactly the same may be cast by one pour-
ing without involving any skilled labour in attendance. It is
obvious that, instead of casting all the articles in one bed, so as
to be exactly the same, various kinds or shapes may be arranged
together to be cast as described.
Figure 1, on my Sheet of Drawings, is an external side elevation of
one modification of my apparatus or compound mould, as arranged
for casting sash weights; Figure 2, is a corresponding edge view of
the apparatus; Figure 3, is a plan of the same; and Figure 4, is an
internal elevation of one half of the mould; Figure 5, is an enlarged
detached elevation of one of the cores for producing the suspension
cord holes; and Figure 6, is a corresponding elevation at right angles
to Figure 5. The apparatus consists of the two half metal boxes,
A, B, placed together with a central joint C. Each half contains
the halves of six sash weight moulds D; so that when the two are
placed together, they form complete external moulds for six-weights
of the usual kind. The half A, has attached to it the two strong
strap pieces E, bent round the edges and slotted out to receive the
wedge and gib F, for firmly binding the two halves into one calm
or mould. At the bottom end of each weight mould recess D, provision
is made for casting the two holes for the suspending cord. This is
effected by leaving a central bottom hole G, in each case at the linc

page_text: of junction into which the partially tapered mandril H, is entered;
a side pin, H', being upon this mandril to fit to a hole in the side
of one of the halves to steady it. The upper conical end of this
mandril is passed into a counter sunk hole at I, in the edge of a
second mandril or iron core piece J. This core piece J, is laid in
the mould before the two halves are laid together, and it is steadied
in its position by the pin K, fast upon it, which is made to enter a
steadying hole L, in the side of the half mould A. In this way the
combination of the two pieces H, J, which is effected before they
are laid in, forms a mandril or duplex iron core, for producing one
hole corresponding to the piece H, running from one end of the
weight a short distance in the direction of the weight's axis; and
another corresponding to the transverse piece J, of oblong section,
such hole crossing the inner end of the longitudinal hole. This
obviously forms the side hole for the entrance of the knot on the
suspending line, and the end hole through which such line passes.
When the casting operation commences, the two halves of the calm
are wedged together, as I have described; their accurate fitting
being secured by the steady pins M, the calm so built up being set on
end with its lower end slightly embedded in the floor of the cast-
ing shop at O, into which also the two long straight handles P, are
made to penetrate. The melted metal is then poured into the upper
head Q, from which it finds access through the "gates "R, into cach
weight mould. Thus six or more weights are cast with one pouring,
and so soon as the metal is duly set, the operator knocks out the
calm wedges, and discharges the newly cast weights by throwing
the half A, of the calm over on its face. This dislodges both the
weights and their duplex mandrils, and the latter are then drawn
singly out of the weights in readiness for a repetition of the casting
operation, which rapidly proceeds without allowing the metal
surfaces to get cooled down. What I have described is an illustra-
tion of the mode of operating with one calm at once, but it will be
obvious to the practical moulder that several calms may be connected
by cast iron runners, channels, or otherwise, so as to be able to
supply a series of calms at one pouring of the metal.. By this

page_text: process, sash weights or other similar articles may be very rapidly
cast with great accuracy and regularity of form.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of
my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or inay be
used or carried into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do
not confine or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangement
which I have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations
may be made therefrom without deviating from the main features
of my Invention; but what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore clain as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangements of apparatus or means for the
production of sash weights, and similar articles, as herein-before
described.
Second, the system or mode of forming or producing sash weights
and similar articles by a combination of two or more metal moulds,
so as to cast two or more articles at one pouring.
Third, the application and use of duplex cr combined core mandrils
for shaping the suspension cord holes in sash weights.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Turiff, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, the Twenty-fifth day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
ALEXANDER TURIFF. (L.S.)