IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF TRANS- MITTING, COMMUNICATING OR CONVEYING INTELLIGENCE
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HENRY BACHHOFFNER, of the Royal Polytechnic Institution, London, Doctor
of Philosophy and Professor of Natural Philosophy, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourth day of November, in the
twelfth year of Her reign, did give and grant unto me, the said George Henry
Bachhoffner, my exors, admñňors, and assigns, Her special license, full power, sole
privilege, and authority that I, the said George Henry Bachhoffner, my exors,
admors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said George Henry Bachhoffner,
my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein
mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England,
Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in the
Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her Colonies
and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF TRANS-
MITTING, COMMUNICATING OR CONVEYING INTELLIGENCE;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso, requiring that I, the said George Henry
Bachhoffner, shall particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument

page_text: in writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited-Letters-Patent.-
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Henry Bachhoffner, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention relates to improvements in transmitting, communicating or
conveying intelligence from one place to another by the agency of electricity,
either by conventional signals, (audible or visible, or by indicating or pointing
out the several letters, figures, or their equivalents on dials, and may be
divided into four several parts consisting,-
First, of a mode of actuating the pointers or indicators by means of per-
manent and temporary or electro-magnets.
Secondly, of an arrangement for obtaining the step-by-step-movement of the
hand pointer or indicator.
Thirdly, of a method of straining or tightening the telegraph wires when
suspended on posts.
Fourthly, of certain arrangements of the letters and figures on dials in
combination with pointers or indicators actuated by electricity.
In Sheet A, Figure 1, is represented a front elevation of an electro-telegraph
constructed according to my Invention for transmitting intelligence by means
of the bell. The vibrating rotatory pointer, Figure 2; is a side elevation of
the same with the case removed. Figure 3, Sheet B, is a plan with the top
removed; Figure 4, a transverse vertical section on the line A, A, and Figures
5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, some of the parts detached..
This telegraphic instrument consists of a casing and dial plate supported on
a bed or pedestal C, C, and on which also is erected a suitable framework
D, E and F, for supporting the parts in their respective positions; G, G, is a
permanent magnet or a combination of permanent magnets fixed to the frame;
E and H is an electro-magnet in a position to be brought into contact with
either pole of the permanent magnet G, G. The axis or spindle a of this
temporary magnet H is supported by suitable pivots in the uprights I, I; one
end being continued and passing through the dial plate has affixed to it the
upper or vibrating hand or indicator by which visible signals are produced,
these being dependant on the different oscillations of the temporary magnet Eī,
as produced by the attractive and repulsive forces consequent on the passing

page_text: of electric currents and the change of polarity thereby induced, as will be
hereafter explained.
The wires s, s, convey the electrical current to and from the temporary
magnet H; but in order that the free action of the same may not be impeded,
the communication is formed by means of two strings C, C, the one end of
each being connected with the wires 8, 8, while the other joins the magnet H
at the centre of motion; from thence the wires are conducted one to each end
of the magnet H, thereby communicating with its coil. Now, it will be readily
understood, from the well-known action of electrical currents, that by the
transmission thereof in opposite directions the effect will be a change in the
polarity of the electro-magnet H, that is, the end which becomes a north pole
by its passage in one direction will when the current proceeds in an opposite
direction become a south pole, and "vice versa ;" consequently, when the circuit
is formed, and a magnetic influence is imparted to the coil H by the electric
current, so as to form a north pole of the end pendant between the arms of the
magnet G, G, a mutual attractive influence will exist between such north
pole and the south pole of the permanent magnet G, causing the temporary
magnet to oscillate or be deflected so as to come in contact with that arm of
the permanent magnet. By this means one deflection of the pointer or indicator
will be effected; the circuit being now broken, the magnetic power of the
coil H will cease, and its being suspended above the centre it will have a
tendency to fall by its own gravity, and to insure this I suspend two
weights d, d', by cords e, e¹, passing over the pulleys f. f', and secured to the
upright I. Now, when the electro-inagnet H is deflected, the upper end will
come in contact with one of the cords e, e, and slightly elevating one of the
weights d, which, on the circuit being suspended, will cause the electro-
magnet H to break contact with the permanent magnet G, when it will be in
a position to repeat or make the opposite deflection. Other contrivances may
be employed, such as metal springs or some elastic material, but I prefer the
use of weights as shewn.
So far this apparatus has reference only to the means of deflecting an
indicator or pointer for the purpose of giving signals by such deflection or
vibratory motion, and which is herein-after designated as the " signal" indicator;
while the next, which is by a step-by-step movement, or rotary indicator, points
out the several letters or numerals on a dial plate, and which is herein-after
designated as the "letter" indicator; the third is an audible signal produced
by striking a bell. In order that the several conducting wires may be readily
distinguished, they are each represented by their respective initials s, s¹, 1, 1ª,

page_text: The apparatus for indicating the letters or numerals on the circular deal
consists of an electro-magnet J, as in the last case, and which is also similarly
snspended on a spindle-f-supported--by-suitable pivots in the uprights I, 1;
but in this instance the spindle does not form the arbor of the indicator, the
motion being transmitted thereto, as will be hereafter explained. The lower
end of this electro-magnet J, as will be seen by reference to Figure 3, is
immediately between the arms of a permanent magnet, or combination of
permanent magnets K also affixed to the frame E. 1, 1, are the conducting
wires, which communicate with the centre of motion of the electro-magnet by
means of the springs g, g', the wires of which proceed thence to cither end of
the magnet. By changing the polarity of the electro-magnet J, as before
explained, the pendant end thereof at each movement comes in contact with
one pole of the magnet K, thereby moving a certain determinate distance; on
the spindle fare affixed two pallets h and 7' (this will be better seen by reference
to Figure 5, Sheet B, where it is represented on a larger scale); these pallats
oscillate with the electro-magnet, and at each movement one of them comes in
contact with a tooth in the wheel M; the inclined face 1 of the pallet h,
towards the centre of oscillation, comes in contact with a tooth of the wheel M
when it is in the position represented by the dotted lines, and forces it in the
direction of the arrow the distance of half a tooth, where it makes a dead stop
by reason of the next tooth in succession coming in contact with the end of the
pallet h¹. When the opposite oscillation is performed, the inclined face 2 of the
pallet meets the tooth of the wheel M when in the position shewn coloured, and
this face being from the centre of oscillation, the wheel M is impelled the distance
of half a tooth in the same direction, where it again makes a dead stop by the
next tooth coming in contact with the inside of the pallet h. It will be readily
understood that by a succession of these movements the wheel may be caused
to turn on its axis i, thus producing the well-known step-by-step movement,
each movement terminating so that. the several hands which are affixed to the
axis will remain opposite a letter or numeral on the dial. It will be
observed that the wheel M is furnished with 26 teeth, which will correspond
with fifty-two letters in the circle on the dial, and therefore the whole of the
alphabet twice repeated; but any other arrangement of letters may be
exhibited on the dial, and similarly indicated by a corresponding number of
teeth in the wheel M.
The spindle I is supported in the upright I', the one end passing through
the face of the dial and supporting the rotating hands, while the other end is
pressed upon a spring K sustaining a piece of cork or other soft elastic
substance, for the purpose of giving a uniform friction in some slight degree

page_text: to the movement of the spindle i, so that it shall remain uninfluenced during
the changing of the pallets h and h'.
The third apparatus connected with this instrument is for the production of
audible signals, as before mentioned, by the striking of a bell; this is attached
at the back part, but separately represented in Figure 6, Sheet B; this also
consists of an electro-magnet N suspended on a spindle m, supported by the
uprights O, O, from the case D.
As in the other instances, the electro-magnet is connected to the circuit
wires b, b', by the slight springs n, n', so as not to interfere with the oscillatory
motion, and these springs being also connected with opposite ends of the coil,
as before explained. The lower end of this magnet is also sustained between
the arms of a permanent magnet P, which is fixed to the frame F, and,
according to the direction of the current, the pendulous end will be brought
into contact with either pole of the permanent magnet P.
From the lower end of the electro-magnet N a ball or hammer o is sus-
pended by means of a slight spring p. When the electro-magnet N is
attached to either pole of the permanent magnet, the hammer o will receive
an impulse that will cause it to come in contact with the bell B, thereby
producing an audible signal, and which, although the circuit be maintained,
and, consequently, the electro-magnet sustained, by one pole of the permanent.
magnet, the hammer o will not remain or again come in contact with the
bell B so as to repeat or otherwise interfere with the sound already produced
by reason of the gradually reducing vibratory motion communicated to the
hammer from the spring P, by which it is suspended. By reference to
Figure 2 it will be seen by the dotted lines on the right that if this wore a
rigid bar, the hammer would not touch the bell at all. Two springs q, q, are
attached to the upright O, which assist in breaking contact between the
electro and permanent magnets when the current of electricity is suspended.
The apparatus which I employ for the purpose of changing the direction of.
the currents of electricity from one set of wires to the other is placed imme-
diately in front of the instrument, and is so arranged that they can readily be.
directed from one part of the instrument to the other, so as to actuate the
same and cause the requisite signal to be produced. This apparatus consists
of two sets of six pieces of metal b², 62, 12, 1, s,s, which are secured to and.
pass through the bed of the instrument; each of these pieces is separated by
some non-conducting material forming a break between each piece of metal.
The lower ends of these pieces of metal are each in pairs on one side of the
instrument, connected by their wires b, b, 1, 1, s, s, and on the other by cor-
responding wires b', ', 1, 1, and s¹, s', which may be readily traced in Figure

page_text: 7 and 8, Sheet C, Figure 7 being a plan or bird s-eye view or the base or bed,
and Figure 8 (an underside plan of the same; passing through this they
proceed up the sides of the case D, as seen at Figure 3, where they are
secured by screws 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 7, to pieces of metal 7, 2, 21,
which
it will be seen, by reference to Figure 9, Sheet C (an underside plan of the
case D, that these are immediately connected with the wires leading to the
different apparata of the instrument. Each set of six pieces of metal forming
the current changer is of an uniform level on the top, and smoothed so that
the metal bars R, R', may be drawn in close contact, and yet move easily
between
in a circular direction, they being broader than the breaks or spaces
the pieces of metal, and, therefore, slip from one pair (the opposing two
being pairs) to the other without interruption. Central pins T, T', form the
centre of motion, and which pass through plates U, U, nuts being placed on
the lower ends; metallic contact is ensured with such plates u, U', by
screwing them up against elliptical springs V, V, at the same time without
interfering with the necessary freedom of motion.
It will be observed, that these current changers are each marked with the
letters B, L, and S, signifying which apparatus is placed in the circuit by the
handles W, W being opposite, similar letters in both these being the initials
of the respective modes of communication, as before mentioned. The plate U¹
is placed in connexion with one wire of each key of the instrument by means
of wires t', t, while the plate U is connected with the stud or binding screw
X by the wire t, while the binding screw X' is placed in connexion with the
one wire of each key by the wire u.
connexions, are distinctly represented in
by binges v, v, v, v, at the back end to a
springs w, w, which keep them in their elevated position; each key is fur-
nished with two wires 3, 4, and 5, 6; these are connected at one end through
the hinges to the wires leading to plates U, U', as before explained; while the
other ends terminate in pins suspended from the front part of the keys imme-
diately over four cups of mercury a¹, x, y, y¹, as seen in Figure 10, Sheet B.
Y, Z, are the keys which, with their
Figure 7, Sheet C; they are attached
piece of wood, and supported on two
A, A, are the two studs or binding screws, which are, by the connecting
wires z, z¹, in communication with opposite ends of a galvanic battery, which,
being well understood, is unnecessary to describe.
The binding screw A¹ is connected by a, a, with the mercury cup and y,
the ends being being immersed therein, while the binding screw A" is similarly
connected by wires C2, C3, with the cups a¹ and y¹.
Now the action of action of the apparatus will be as follows:-Supposing I
wish to transmit a communication to a distant place where a counterpart of this

page_text: instrument is fixed, both telegraphs are set so that the passing of a current of
electricity will in the first instance produce an audible signal, that is, with the
handles W, W', over the letters B, B, indicating the bell, and by one, two,
three, or any conventional number of sounds indicate by which apparatus I
am about to communicate, whether by the deflected signal pointer or by the
rotating hand. The passage of the currents of electricity in performing his
signal will be this:-The binding screw A" being in communication with the
positive end of the battery, on the depression of the key Z by the finger of the
operator, the current will pass by wire C³ through the mercury cup y¹ to the
wire 6 of the key, and thence by wire t¹ through studs X" and X, and wire
t¹¹ to the plate U¹, where it is transmitted by the pin T¹ to the current changers,
and thence by the wires 6', ', up to the electro-magnet N of the bell, returning by
the wires b, b, to the current changers on the right, and passing to the plate U
which is connected by wire t with the binding screw X', this binding screw
having the wire q' attached, which proceeds to the distant telegraph, where
having performed a similar office it returns to the stud X, thus by wire U to
wire 5 of the depressed key to mercury cup Y, which is in communication with
binding screw A¹, and thence to the opposite end of the battery. By these
means, each depression of the key will complete the circuit and produce an
audible signal independant of reversing the current. But supposing the
communication is to be transmitted by the visible signal or deflected hand,
then the handles W, W, at both instruments will be brought over the letters
S, S, and by the depression of the key Z, the circuit will be completed, and
the current being traced as before, it will be seen that it now passes by the
wires S¹, S¹, up to the electro-magnet H which will be deflected by the
attractive force existing between the magnets, and passing thence to the
current changer on the right proceeding as explained by wire t to the stud X',
and thence to the distant telegraph, where it performs a similar office
returning to stud X, and thence by wires u and 5 to mercury cup y, and by
wire a completing the circuit. And in this manner any number of deflections
of the pointers may be produced in one direction by subsequent depressions of
the key Z. When the deflections are in the opposite direction, the key Y
must be depressed, when the current will now pass from stud A2 by wire c to.
mercury cup a up to the wire 4, thence by wire u to stud a, where it proceeds
to the distant telegraph and performs the necessary office, returns to stud X',
from which it passes by wire t to plate V, and thence through the break on
the right to the wires s, s, thence up to the electro-magnet; but now coming
in an opposite direction, the polarity will be reversed and will consequently
produce an opposite deflection of the electro-magnet H; the currents descending.

page_text: by the spring c¹ passes by wire s¹ to the current changer on the left, and
thence by wire t and t¹ to wire 3 of the key Y to the mercury cup a, and so
by wire a¹ to stud A', and thence completing the circuit to the battery.
When it is-intended-to-make-the-communication--by the-rotatory pointer-
the same will be signified by the bell, as before explained, and the handles
W, W', of the current changers placed over the letters L, L, when the course
of the current will be directed through the electro-magnet J by the wires
b, b, b, b, and thence to the distant telegraph, or "vice versa," according to
the key of the instrument depressed, which will be readily understood from
the before described apparatus; and should the passage of the electric fluid
be such as to render the pendant end of the electro-magnet J a north pole,
then the attractive force will exist between it and the south pole of the
permanent magnet K with which it will come in contact, producing one
deflection or oscillation of the maget J. On the current of electricity being
reversed by the depression of the other key, the polarity will be changed; the
pendant end being now a south pole will be repelled from the south pole of
the permanent magnet K with which it is in contact from the effect of the
preceding current, and will now be attracted by the north pole of the magnet
K producing another oscillation of the magnet J. It will easily be perceived
that, by the alternate depression of the keys Y and Z and consequent change
of the currents, a succession of similar movements may be produced, and by
the apparatus before explained and represented in Figure 5, Sheet B, the
same will be transmitted to the axis i carrying the rotating hand and imparting
the step-by-step movement thereto, which movement is repeated until it arrives
opposite the letter to be indicated, a series of which makes the necessary
communication.
It will be seen that this axis has three hands attached to it, the longest
being for the letters, the opposite hand for the circle of numerals, and the
third for the number of the station to be telegraphed, which will also form the
subject of a previous communication by means of the audible signal or bell
apparatus.
It is almost unnecessary to remark that the hands in both telegraphs must
be placed in the same, relative position, and that the various coils should be
similarly wound, and also the poles of the permanent magnets disposed in the
same manner, so that the currents passing in at the same side of both
instruments will produce identical deflections of the electro-magnets in both
cases.
But in the other instrument the connexion between the studs X" and
X is removed, and the studs X and X' similarly connected, the wire q

page_text: connecting the stud X' of the present instrument to the stud X of the
distant instrument; this arrangement producing the necessary break to pre-
scribe the proper cause for the currents of electricity, the effect of this is that
the current, which passes from the stud A2 up wire 6 to stud X" in that
instrument, will pass thence by wire in the first instance to the present
instrument, instead of passing through its own instrument first, as has been
described with reference to the instrument shewn, the currents of the other key
being in like manner reversed.
Figure II. represents an end view of a permanent magnet A; Figure 12, a
longitudinal section, and Figure 13 a plan of the same, shewing another mode
of deflecting electro-magnets suspended between the poles thereof.
In this case the permanent magnet A is formed of a bar bent sideways, so
that the sides of the arms are opposed to each other instead of the edges, as in
ordinary. An electro-magnet B is suspended at its centre, on an axis a, and
on this axis may be placed the pointer or indication b, or escapement, or
driving pallets, described in Figure 5, Sheet B. The conducting wires are
introduced to this electro-magnet B, in the same way as before explained, and
the change in the polarity thereof effected by the same agency. In this
instance, opposite ends of the electro-magnet B will be attracted by the oppo-
site poles of the permanent magnet A, and both also repulsed at the same time,
giving rise to the necessary deflections; c, c, are uprights for the support of.
the electro-magnet B, and d the dial on which the signals are exhibited.
The third part of my Invention relates to the straining or tightening the
wires used for conveying intelligence by means of electric currents, when such
wires are suspended on posts. Figure 14, Sheet C, represents a line of posts,
D, E, F, and G, supporting the wires II at a suitable height from the ground.
The posts D, F, and G, are fixtures, while at suitable intervals I erect a post,
as at E, which consists of a fixed or stationary piece I, having a moveable
piece K sliding within or upon it; to this sliding piece is attached a rack a,
which gears into a pinion b, carried by a spindle c turning in the bracket
bearings d, d, attached to the post I; on the end of the spindle ca ratchel
wheel e is affixed (this will be better seen by reference to Figures 15 and 16):
and to the opposite end a winch handle f, by turning which in one direction the
sliding part K will be raised, and the pall g, falling into the teeth of tho
ratchet, will sustain the upper part of the post in an elevated position. This
movement will have the effect of moving the wires II out of the curve or line,
in which they would hang if subjected to the end tension only, and the tension
on the wires will consequently be increased. I have herein shewn the whole
of the wires to be tightened by the same post, but it will be obvious that the

page_text: same effect may be produced, or result attained, by a separate sliding piece
and duplicate parts of the other apparatus for each wire, should the slackening
of the several wires be in different-degrees. Also-the-same effect may be
produced by lowering or depressing the wires by similar means below the line
of their natural curvature.
In connection with this part of my Invention, I have exhibited a mode of
covering the posts, so as to protect the points of suspension as much as
possible from the wet. These caps or coverings may be made of leather,
glass, earthenware, gutta percha, india-rubber, or other substances; secured
at the top of the post, and having an inclination such as will shoot the rain
clear of the post, such caps will keep the posts dry for some distance below
the points of suspension of wires, which are passed through the body of the
cover to the points of suspension, as shewn in section on post F, upon which
they are insulated in the ordinary manner. The use of such caps or covers
will materially assist the insulation by keeping the upper part of the posts dry,
but I wish it to be understood that I do not claim such caps or covering as
new, or as any part of the Invention intended to be secured by the said Letters
Patent.
The fourth part of my Invention relates to the arrangement of letters on the
dials of the electric telegraph to be indicated by the step-by-step movement,
and also the signifying numerals of the defections of a hand or hands, which
numerals, or a combination thereof, represent certain letters as contained in
line on the dial; the number of arrows, opposite each numeral, shewing the
number of deflections necessary to signify the same.
Figure I., Sheet A, represents an arrangement of the dial in combination
with a single pointer or indicator, the deflections on either side to indicate the
numbers being shewn by the number of arrows opposite the numeral to be
indicated; also an arrangement of the dial in combination with the rotatory
indicator, to which the step-by step movement is applied. The letters of the
alphabet are arranged in their respective order, as also the numerals in the
second circle, the number of stations on the line being represented on the inner
circle.
Figure 17, Sheet D, represents another dial, having two deflecting pointers,
and in which also the number of deflections of the pointers in either direction,
to indicate the numerals respectively annexed, are represented by the number
of arrows. These numerals, as in the last case, may be employed to indicate
letters, as represented in line on the dial.
The letters arranged in circle in this Figure are so placed as to approximate
as near as possible to the relative proportion and disposition of the letters in a

page_text: printer's or compositor's fount, while the circles of numerals are in simple order.
In this instance, the driving wheel M, Figure 5, Sheet B, will be furnished
with thirty-eight teeth to give the requisite number of steps.
Figure 18, Sheet D, represents a dial in combination with three pointers,
the arrangement of which will be readily understood from the foregoing.
description, in which the numerals, being also used as reference marks, are
disposed in line opposite the respective letters to which they refer.
The
The concentric circles of letters and figures represent another form of dial
with the alphabet arranged so as to produce the greatest facility in working,
both by position and repetition. The inner radial spaces are divided into
divisions, and are intended to be filled with printed or written messages.
hand to this dial consists of eight or more pointers, making eight or more
divisions in the centre of it, and is thus employed:-If an alphabetical message
is to be sent, the long hand pointing to the letters is employed in the usual
way; but if any message from one of the radial spaces is to be sent, then the
other end of the letter pointer, or that on the ring of figures is to be first re-
garded, which is moved on until it points to the number of the division in
which the message is situated. This having been noticed, the attention of the
observer is then directed to that division, the particular message being pointed
out by one of the six nearest short hands stopping opposite the radial spaces;
and further, that each radial space being numbered 1 to 80, or with such
numbers, or in such quantities, as may be required on the said dial plate, the
short hand of the letter pointer shall at once give the number of such message
sent on the ring of figures in which it is placed, and the letters of which the
long hand is placed to be used in the same manner, by reference to the figures
of the short hand, as the numbers 1 to 80 having reference to the alphabet as
well as the messages in the radial spaces.
Figure 19 represents another dial in combination with two pointers; each
numeral being represented by one deflection. The indicator of these four
numerals, with their combinations of not more than two, represent twenty of
the most useful of the alphabetical characers (X and Y requiring a triple com-
bination), as represented in line on this dial. In telegraphic dials having two,
three, or more needles, a pair of keys Y, Z, will be required for each needle,.
together with duplicates of the working parts of the apparatus.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that what I claim as
my Invention is as follows,-
Firstly, I claim the improved means of transmitting intelligence by means

page_text: of an electro-magnet vibrating between the poles of a permanent magnet,
whether such vibrations take place in a horizontal or vertical plane.
Secondly I claim the improvement in transmitting intelligence by means
of an electro-magnet vibrating between the poles of a permanent magnet,
in such manner as to give motion to a rotatory pointer, as above described.
Thirdly, I claim the improvement in transmitting intelligence by means of
conducting wires, maintained in the requisite tension and position by elevating
or depressing the point or points of suspension of such wires, as above de-
scribed.
Fourthly, I claim the improvement in transmitting intelligence by means of
letters and figures, arranged as above described, on dial plates, in combination
with one or more pointers.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Henry Bachhoffner, bave here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
GEORGE HENRY (L.s.) BACHHOFFNER.
Scaled, signed, and delivered, in the
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of May, in the
year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid George Henry Bachhoffner came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.