An Improved Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Solid Carbonic Acid (CO.).
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Aug., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 13th June, 1892-Accepted, 3th Aug., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Solid
Carbonic Acid (CO.).
We CHARLES ROBERT CLARKE TICHBORNE LL.D. F.I.C. of 15 Great
Georges Street, Dublin, ALFRED EDWARD DARLEY of Ardee Street, Dublin,
Brewer, SAMUEL GEOGHEGAN of St. James Gate Brewery Dublin, C.E., and
MARMADUKE FRANCIS PURCELL, B.L. F.C.S. Assoc. Inst. Č.E. of 1. 71 Harcourt
Street, Dublin, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to a process and apparatus for the economical production
of solid CO, utilizing the refrigerating effect of the expansion of part of the
compressed or liquefied CO₂ to convert a proportion of the said CO₂ into a solid
form, and this we effect without loss of the gas to any appreciable extent.
To carry our process into operation we employ a set of stage compressors, driven
by any suitable power, to compress a supply of CO2 gas (obtained from any
convenient source) to a sufficient pressure to cause liquefaction of the said gas,
aided by the action of a surface condenser to remove the heat accumulated in the
said gas during the process of compression. The liquid CO, so obtained is
allowed to pass and be released from pressure into a separate jacketed chamber
with non-conducting coating. The liquid thus in part becomes again a gas and in
part becomes solid CO, under the refrigerating temperature produced by the
expanding gas.
suitable door or exit from the said
The said solid CO, may be collected by
chamber, and the gaseous portion of the CO2, collecting in the upper portion of
the chamber, may be returned again to the suction pipe of the pump where it will
be re-drawn into the pump, and once more passed with a new charge through
the same process of compression, liquefaction, & part solidification, as described
above.
Or the gascous CO, may be allowed to escape from the solidifying chamber, so
as to be utilized for any suitable or convenient purpose.
The solid CO, or snow may be collected into boxes, bags or suitable vessels,
provided with non-conducting coatings, for its handling or transport, or the
solidifying chamber may be so made & mounted that it can be detached from
the apparatus, & used as a vessel or wagon in which the solid CO, may be
transported.
1001
FELL & WILDING,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Solid
Carbonic Acid (CO.).
.:
We CHARLES ROBERT CLARKE TICHBORNE LL.D. F.I.C. of 15 Great
Georges Street, Dublin, ALFRED EDWARD DARLEY, of Ardee Street, Dublin,
Brewer, SAMUEL GEOGHEGAN of St. James Gate Brewery Dublin C.E. and
MARMADUKE FRANCIS PURCELL, B.L. F.C.S. Assoc. Ins. C.E. of I. 71 Harcourt
Street Dublin, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
Our invention relates to an improved process and apparatus for the economical

page_text: production of solid CO, utilizing the refrigerating effect of the evaporation of a
part of the liquefied CO, to convert a portion of the said CO, into a solid form,
and this we effect without loss of the gas to any appreciable extent.
2
In order that our invention may be the better understood, we will now proceed
to describe the same, reference being had to the drawings hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon.
1.
Figure 1 is a sectional view of our apparatus for carrying our process into
effect.
To carry our process into operation we employ a set of stage compressors A. A A
driven by any suitable power to compress a supply of CO, gas (obtained from any
convenient source by the suction pipe a) to a sufficient pressure to cause liquefaction
of the said gas. The liquefied gas is then carried into a surface condenser B
for the removal of the heat accumulated in the said gas during the process of
compression. The liquid CO₂ 30 obtained and cooled is allowed to pass by the
pipe and controlling cock, and be partly released from pressure, into a
chamber D, either with or without a non-conducting coating or heat-impervious
jacket. The liquid thus in part becomes again a gas and in part becomes solid CO,.
Gis a shield to prevent undue choking of the holes of the strainer at end of
pipe F.
The said solid CO₂ may be collected by a suitable door E or exit from the said
chamber D and the gaseous portion of the CO,, collecting in the upper portion of
the chamber, is returned again by the pipe F to the suction pipe a of the pumps,
where it will be redrawn into the pumps A, and again passed either with a new
charge through the same process of compression, liquefaction, and part solidification,
as described above, or it may be simply passed to the compressors again for the
purpose of getting a further quantity in the solid form as often as is necessary,
Or the gaseous CO, may be allowed to escape from the solidifying chamber so as
to be utilized for any suitable or convenient purpose.
The solid CO2 may be collected into boxes, bags, or suitable vessels, provided with
non conducting coatings, for its handling or transport; or the solidifying chamber D
may be so made and mounted, that it can be detached from the apparatus, and
used as a receptacle or wagon in which the solid CO₂ may be transported.
Or the lower part of said chamber or a 2nd chamber may be made removable
if required.
It is obvious that the refrigerating chamber D whether fixed or movable may be
attached by a suitable supply pipe and cock therein to the condenser and by a
return waste pipe to the pump suction, or vat, of the generating, purifying,
compressing and condensing apparatus for the collection of CO, from brewers'
fermenting vats, as patented to us under Nos. 3707 of 1889 and 9183 of 1890,
and thus represent the same combination of apparatus and for the same purpose
as before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1st. A process for the manufacture of solid carbonic acid, consisting of a first
compression of the said gas to a liquid form, the abstraction therefrom of the
accumulated heat by condensation, and an elastic expansion of a portion of
the compressed gas to absorb by the said expansion a large quantity of heat,
to reduce the temperature of the remaining gas or liquid, rendering the same
solid, the gas so expanded being returned without waste for further re-compression,
substantially as described.
2nd. In a process for the manufacture of solid carbonic acid a series of stage
compressing pumps drawing by suction a supply of CO, and compressing the same
to a liquid form, in combination with a condensing and cooling still, pipe .con-
nections, and cocks or valves therein, and a refrigerating chamber or movable
receptacle, with or without lagging or protection from absorption of heat, and
Y

page_text: provided with a removable door for the extraction of the solid CO,, and a return
pipe and strainer for the return of the expanded gas back to the suction of the
compressing pumps, or to the fermenting vats, or gas receiver, substantially as
described.
3rd. In a process for the production of solid Co a refrigerating receptacle
either lagged or unprotected from the absorption of heat, connected by suitable
pipes with cocks or valves therein, to the condenser, compressing pumps and any
source of carbonic acid gas or to a compressed gas or liquid reservoir, the said
receptacle being readily detached and mounted so as to be movable for the
cominercial distribution of the said solid carbonic acid.
4th. The combination with the generating, compressing, purifying, and con-
densing apparatus, for the collection of CO, from fermenting vats, as patented to
us under Nos. 3707 of 1889, and 9183 of 1890, of a fixed or movable refrigerating
receptacle, either lagged or unprotected from the absorption of heat, detachably
connected by suitable pipes, with cocks and valves therein, to the said condensing
apparatus, and to the pump suction or vat, for the return of waste gas, substantially
as herein described.
Dated this 19th dow of Tune 1800
FELL & WILDING,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., Agents for the Applicants.