IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS
Year: 1885

page_text: We JAMES CLAYTON and JOSEPH CLAYTON both of 137 Higher Cambridge Street
Greenheys Manchester in the County of Lancaster Masons and Contractors do
hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS to be
as follows:-
These Improvements relate to filters employed in the clarification and purification
of water and consist in constructing the following medium or one of the filtering
mediums of closed or partly closed hollow cylinders of porous sandstone or similar
rock.
In carrying out our Invention we cut from suitably shaped slabs or masses of
the stone, short tubes or hollow cylinders by means of cylindrical cutters or by
other known means. To economise the material we prefer to employ the core cut
from the larger cylinders in the formation of the smaller ones so that a series of
the hollow cylinders or short tubes fitting one within the other may be cut from
the same block. Each cylinder or tube is subsequently employed in the construc-
tion of a distinct filter. The upper part of each cylinder is closed by a disc of
similar stone cemented thereto by Portland or other suitable unsoluble cement.
The lower part may be closed in a similar manner by a disc in which case the
closed cylinder may be provided with a nozzle or a nozzle and tap for withdrawing
the filtered water from the interior and with an air valve. The lower disc may in
other cases be of the same or of larger diameter than the cylinder or short tube
and have a hole formed therein through which the water may fall as fast as it is
filtered.
There may be used in conjunction with the stone filtering medium constructed
as herein before indicated, other suitable filtering media such as carbon, or spongy
iron.
In the smaller sized filters it may be preferable sometimes not to form the hollow
cylinder by the methods described but to make the upper cover of the cylinder
solid therewith removing only so much of the core as may be necessary to form
a hollow cylinder with a solid end. This method may generally be adopted when
the core would be too small for use in constructing another filter.
We prefer in all cases to employ a porous sandstone, such for example as that
found in the Lymm Quarries in the County of Chester but we do not limit ourselves
to this precise description of stone since in some cases as in filtering under pressure
a more compact rock may be advantageously employed.
Dated this twenty second day of July & D 1985

page_text: We, JAMES CLAYTON and JOSEPH CLAYTON both of 137 Higher Cambridge Street
Greenheys Manchester in the county of Lancaster Masons and Contractors do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This Invention relates to Filters employed in the clarification or purification of
water and has for its object to simplify the construction and reduce the cost of
filters in which the filtering medium or one of the filtering mediums is sandstone
or other similar natural rock.
These Improvements consist in construction the filtering medium or one of the
filtering mediums of a closed or partly closed hollow cylinder or tube cut shaped
or otherwise formed as to the sides or wall of the cylinder or tube from a single
piece or mass of sandstone or other suitable natural rock and as to one end from
the same or from a different piece or mass and when two ends are required as to
the other end, from a different piece or mass.
In carrying out our Invention we cut from suitably shaped slabs or masses of
the stone, short tubes or hollow cylinders by means of cylindrical cutters or by
other known means.
To economise the material we prefer to employ cylindrical cutters and to use the
core cut from the larger cylinders in the formation of the smaller ones so that
a series of the hollow cylinders or short tubes capable of fitting one within the
other may be cut from the same block. Each cylinder or tube is subsequently
employed in the construction of a separate and distinct filter. The upper and
lower part or parts respectively of each cylinder or short tube may be left open or
be closed or partially closed by a disc ring or flange of similar stone cemented
thereto by Portland or other suitable cement. If the short tube or hollow cylinder
is completely closed at each end it should be provided with a nozzle or nozzle and
tap for withdrawing the filtered water from the interior and it may also be
provided with an air valve. The lower end of the short tube or cylinder may
have or be provided with a stone flange or disc of larger diameter than itself when
it is required to place or fit the filtering apparatus within an enclosing vessel. In
such a case the diameter of the flange or disc may be equal to the internal diameter
of the enclosing vessel.
There may be used in conjunction with the stone filtering medium constructed
as hereinbefore described other suitable filtering medium or mediums such as carbon
charcoal spongy iron or other suitable substances but always in such a manner that
the water shall first pass through the stone and subsequently through the carbon
charcoal or analogous substance.
We prefer in all cases to employ a porous or open sandstone such for example as
that found in the Lymm Quarries in the County of Chester but we do not limit
ourselves to this precise description of stone since in some cases, as in filtering
under pressure, a more compact rock may advantageously be employed.

page_text: We are aware that porous sandstone and similar natural stone has already been
and is now commonly employed in the construction of filters and we therefore
desire it to be understood that we do not claim the use of such sand or similar
stone alone or in combination with other substances or materials in the construction
of filters nor do we claim the construction of filters having cylinders, short tubes
or the like built up or composed of several pieces of sand or similar stone except
as hereinafter described.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 represent in vertical section and plan respectively three typical
examples of filters constructed according to these Improvements. In each of the
Figures similar letters are employed to denote similar parts.
A, is the cylindrical part cut from a single piece of stone. B is a cover or blank
end which may be cemented upon the tubular part A as in Figs. 1 or 2 or be cut
in one piece therewith as in Fig. 3. C. C¹ are cavities which may be packed with
or contain charcoal, spongy iron or other filtering material or substance.
D. D are discs of stone enclosing C¹. E is a portion of the containing vessel
within which the filter may be secured in the ordinary manner. Fig. 2 represents
a form of filter which may be enclosed or placed in a tank. F is the tap through
which the filtered water may be withdrawn, this tap may conveniently be in any
accessible or convenient position outside the tank and be connected with the filter
by a tube. G is an air valve which also may be similarly placed and connected.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:
(1.) In the construction of filters, closed or partly closed hollow cylinders or tubes
having their tubular parts or vertical sides cut or formed from a single piece or
mass of sandstone or similar porous stone, substantially as herein before set forth
and described.
(2.) In the construction of a filter, a hollow cylinder or tube closed at one end
and having its tubular part or vertical side and end cut or formed from a single
piece or mass of sandstone or similar porous stone, substantially as hereinbefore set
forth and described.
(3.) In the construction of a tilter, a hollow cylinder or tube cut or formed from
a single piece or mass of porous stone and closed or partly closed or supplemented
at either or each end by means of a disc flange or ring of similar stone substan-
tially as hereinbefore set forth and described.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicants.