Improvements in Oil or Liquid Hydro-carbon Motors.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Deo., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 29th Sept., 1897-Accepted, 13th Nov., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Oil or Liquid Hydro-carbon Motors.
I ALFRED MARSDEN, of The Rockeries, Sandy Lane, Leyland, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My said Invention relates to oil or liquid hydro-carbon motors. In a motor
constructed in accordance with my invention I surround the working cylinder with a
concentric jacket leaving an annular air space between the interior of the jacket and
the cylinder. Air is admitted at one end of this annular air space, the inner cylinder
being thus kept cool when the engine is at work, while the air thus heated or
regenerated is utilized to mix with the vapourised oil and thus promote the economical
working of the engine.
The cooling of the working cylinder being effected in this manner. I can dispense
with the water circulating jacket which is so frequently employed in conjunction
with this type of motor..
The inner or working cylinder is accurately bored and contains the piston operating
the crank and connecting rod in the usual manner.
On the closed end of the cylinder and opening into it by means of the air valve:
and timing valve I mount the vapouriser in such a position that it will be subjected
to the direct action of the hot. spent gases when the same are exhausted from the
cylinder. The portion of the vapouriser which is most directly subject to the heat of
the exhaust gases consists of a tube, arranged to be readily removed and replaced
when desired. This tube carries an igniting arrangement for igniting the charge of
explosive mixture which is drawn into the cylinder at the required times. The
igniting arrangement consists of a second tube carried within the tube of the
vapouriser, and capable of being maintained at the temperature necessary to fire
the explosive mixture by means of a flame burning within it.
In starting the engine the ignition tube and vapouriser are first heated by a
lamp or other flame within the ignition tube and the crank of the engine is
pulled round, thus causing a quantity, of oil and a small amount of air to be sprayed
by the usual sprayer into the vapouriser. The sprayer is worked in the usual manner
by means of a pump operated from any suitable moving part of the motor.
The charge of vapourised oil and air is drawn into the inner cylinder of the engine
during the forward stroke of the piston. At the same time a larger quantity of air.
is drawn into the cylinder through the air jacket thus forming an explosive mixture.
On the return of the piston the explosive mixture is compressed. I arrange that the
piston upon reaching nearly the end of its stroke shall directly operate the timing
valve which opens the port to the ignition tube. The explosive mixture thus effects
communication with the ignition tube and vapouriser and is exploded by the heated
tubes, so as to drive outwards the piston which on its return stroke expels the spent,
rases. By thus operating the timing or ignition valve directly by means of the
piston the ignition of the charge is rendered certain.
As the cylinder of the engine becomes heated the air in the air jacket absorbs the
heat serving to keep the cylinder at a low temperature, The heated air being then

page_text: drawn into the cylinder in a regenerated condition aids also in thoroughly vapourising
the oil and ensuring complete combustion.
The clearance space between the tubes of-the vapouriser and igniter is utilized to
vapourise the charge of oil and to ignite it. This space receives heat not only on the
ignition of the explosive mixture but also receives the heat of the exhaust gases. I
therefore anticipate that after the engine has become fairly started the vapouriser
and ignition tube will be maintained by these means at a sufficient temperature to
fire the explosive mixture without the aid of an auxiliary flame within the ignition
tube which will thus be required only on the starting of the engine.
I ALFRED MARSDEN, of the Rockeries, Sandy Lane, Leyland, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings:-
My said Invention relates to oil or liquid hydro-carbon motors working on the Otto
principle.
And in order that my invention may be completely understood I have annexed
hereto a sheet of explanatory drawings to which I will refer.
In the said drawings.
Fig. 1 represent a longitudinal section of the cylinder of a motor constructed with
my improvements.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same.
Fig. 3 is a sectional plan of Fig. 1.
The working cylinder a of the motor is surrounded by the concentric jacket b
thus leaving an annular air space between the interior of the jacket band the
cylinder a, access of the air to the annular chamber being provided for by the hole b'.
I cause the action of the piston to draw its air supply from this annular chamber,
the air being mixed with the oil vapour to form the explosive charge. The air
admitted to this annular air space tends to keep the inner working cylinder a cool,
while the air thus heated or regenerated is utilized to mix with the vapourised oil and
thus promotes the economical working of the engine. The cooling of the working
cylinder a being effected in this manner I can dispense with the water circulating
jacket which is so frequently employed in conjunction with this type of motor. The
cylinder is accurately bored and contains the piston c operating the connecting rod
and crank in the usual manner.
On the closed end of the cylinder and opening into it by means of the air valve.d
and timing valve e, I mount the vapouriser in such a position that it will be
subjected both to the direct action of the exploded gas and also of the hot spent.
gases when the same are exhausted from the cylinder. The portion of the vapouriser.
which is most directly subject to the heat of the exhaust gases consists of a.
tube farranged to be readily capable of renewal when desired. To effect this the
cylinder cover is formed in three parts g h and h¹. The outer part h is removable
and provides means of access to the vapouriser for renewal of the tubes or
repairs.

page_text: The remaining portion of the cover is formed in two parts g h so as to facilitate.the
casting of the same.
The tube carries an igniting arrangement consisting of a second tube i. The
tube i is open to the atmosphere at both ends so as to allow a flame to burn within
it, as most clearly shown in Fig. 1.
In starting the engine the ignition tube i and vapouriser tube f are first heated by
a lamp. or other flame within the ignition tube and the crauk of the engine is
pulled round, thus causing a quantity of oil and a small amount of air to be sprayed
by the usual sprayer j into the vapouriser tube f. This sprayer is worked in the
usual way by means of a pump operated from any suitable moving part
of the motor. The charge of oil is vapourised within the tube f by the
action of the heated tube i. On the forward stroke of the piston c the vacuum
behind the same causes the valves d and to open against the action of
the springs d. It will be noted from an inspection of Fig. 3 that the spindle of the
valve d slides within the hollow spindle of the valve d. On the opening of the
valves d d caused by the forward movement of the piston c the charge of vapourised
oil within the vapouriser is drawn into the cylinder via the valve d being mixed
in transit with a large quantity of air drawn through the valve d¹ from the annular
chamber surrounding the cylinder a thus forming an explosive mixture. The explo-
sive mixture is compressed on the return stroke of the piston c.
The piston is provided with a tappet cl and this tappet is arranged so that on
the piston c reaching nearly the end of its stroke the tappet shall operate the timing
valve e against the action of the spring el. This will be more apparent from an
inspection of Fig. 3. The explosive mixture compressed within the cylinder a thus
effects communication with the ignition tube i and vapouriser tube f and is.exploded
by the heated tubes.
The exploded gas is then communicated to the back of the piston through the
timing valve e and the valve d which is forced off its seat by the pressure of the
expanded gas behind it, and the piston is thus driven outwards. On the return
stroke of the piston the spent gases are expelled through the exhaust valve / passing
around the vapouriser tubes fand i and through the exhaust port k.
The cycle of operations is then repeated. By thus operating the timing or ignition
valve e directly by means of the piston the ignition of the charge is rendered
certain.
The
The exhaust valve is operated at the required times in the following manner.
valve is kept normally on its seat by means of a spring . The end of the valve
spindle is formed or provided with two collars or nuts m between which is disposed
the jawed end of a pivotted lever n (see Fig. 2). This pivotted lever n is operated by
the excentric or tappet rod o at the end of each explosion stroke. This rod o is
connected by gearing (not shown) to the crank shaft so that it only makes one
stroke to two of the piston. I do not however claim this method of operating the
exhaust valve as novel. As the cylinder a becomes heated the air in the air jacket
absorbs the heat serving to keep the cylinder a at a low temperature.
The heated air being then drawn into the cylinder a in a regenerated condition
aids also in thoroughly vapourising the oil and ensures complete combustion.
It will be seen that the vapouriser tubes receive not only the heat of the explosion
of the compressed gas but are also acted upon by the exhausted or spent gas.
By experiments I have made I am convinced that after the engine has become
fairly started no auxiliary flame within the ignition tube will be required to explode
the charge, although this may be used if necessary.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. In oil or liquid bydro-carbon motors, forming the cylinder with an annular
chamber to which air is admitted, by means of which the cylinder is kept cool, and
mixing the heated air from such chamber with the charge of vapourised oil so as to

page_text: assist in completely vapourising the charge and thus promote the economical working
of the engine, in the manner and substantially as described and shown.
2. The improved vapouriser consisting of the tubes fand i arranged in such a
manner as to receive the heat of the exploded gases on firing and the spent charge on
exhausting, substantially as described and illustrated:
3. Operating the timing or ignition valve by means of a tappet carried by the
piston so as to render the ignition of the charge certain, in the manner, by the means
and substantially as described and illustrated.
4: The general arrangement construction and combination of parts comprising
the improvements in oil or liquid hydro-carbon motors substantially as described, and
illustrated.
Dated this 28th day of September 1897.
For the Applicant,
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
5 John Dalton Street, Manchester, Chartered Patent Agents.