CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, SHAPING, AND DRESSING STAND OR OTHED SIMILAR SUBSTANC ANCES "
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joshua William Graham, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Stone Mason, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, SHAPING, AND
DRESSING STAND OR OTHED SIMILAR SUBSTANC
ANCES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joshua William Graham
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th June 1861.
I, JOSHUA WILLIAM GRAHAM, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Stone Mason, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, SHAPING, AND DRESSING
STONE OR OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel arrangement and description of machinery
for reducing stone and other similar substances to a required size and form,
and for producing a regular or smooth surface thereupon.
The machinery consists of a bed or table upon which the stone is placed,
and to which a reciprocating sliding motion is imparted by ordinary mecha-
nical and self-acting means. Above this table a beam extends from end to
end of the machine, upon which a framing is supported in such a manner as
to be adjustable, and carrying an arrangement of bevil gearing in connection
with toothed wheels, which are attached by means of cranks to a tool box con-
taining the chisel or chisels, and placed at the required angle for cutting, and

page_text: the upper portion of this tool box is furnished with a weight, by which means
the chisel is caused to cut or chip the stone. When motion is imparted to the
gearing the crank will cause the chisel in the tool box to make a succession of
strokes upon the stone, which by the effect of the weight or hammer will
cause the stone to be cut or chipped to any form or size, which, together with
the depth of the cut, may be regulated or controlled by the attendant. In
order that the edge of the chisel may not become unequally worn it is turned
half round at each stroke by means of a crank, so that each side is presented
alternately to the stone.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joshua William Graham in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th December 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSHUA
WILLIAM GRAHAM, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Stone Mason,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joshua William Graham, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Joshua William Graham, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING,
SHAPING, AND DRESSING STONE OR OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," upon the condition,
amongst others, that I, the said Joshua William Graham, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joshua William Graham, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
My Invention relates to a novel arrangement and description of machinery
for reducing stone and other similar substances to a required size and form,
and for producing a regular or smooth surface thereupon.
The machinery consists of a bed or table upon which the stone is placed,
and to which a reciprocating sliding motion is imparted by ordinary mecha-
nical and self-acting means. Above this table a beam extends from end to
end of the machine, upon which a framing is supported in such a manner as
to be adjustable, and carrying an arrangement of bevil gearing in connection
with toothed wheels, which are attached by means of cranks to a tool box con-
taining the chisel or chisels and placed at the required angle for cutting, and
the upper portion of this tool box is furnished with a weight, by which means
the chisel is caused to cut or chip the stone. When motion is imparted to the
gearing the cranks will cause the chisel in the tool box to make a succession
of strokes upon the stone, which by the effect of the weight or hammer will
cause the stone to be cut or chipped to any form or size, which, together with
the depth of the cut; may be regulated or controlled by the attendant. In
order that the edge of the chisel may not become unequally worn it is turned
half round at each stroke by means of a crank or other convenient means,
so that each side is presented alternately to the stone.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made upon a scale
of about one inch to a foot, with a detached view of one of the frames
carrying the chisel drawn to a scale of about three inches to a foot, and
having similar letters of reference marked upon corresponding parts of the
apparatus.
Fig. 1 represents a side view of the machine, shewing the two chisels or
cutters, as employed to act upon the stone supported upon the moveable bed
or table; Fig. 2 is a detached view, shewing the gearing for actuating the
chisels or cutters.
In Fig. 1, a, a, is the framing of the machine, and 6 the main driving
shaft, from which motion is communicated by means of the shafting and
bevil gearing c, c, to the gearing d, d, and the movement of the chisel
frame e and chiself in the direction shewn in the diagram) by the circular.
dotted line and arrow. The weight of the frame e and the parts attached
thereto acts as a hammer to give force to the chisel or cutter, and the
turning of the chisel (so as to present each side alternately to the stone)
is effected by means of the cranks and connecting rod 9, 9, which as

page_text: cranks d, d, revolve cause the pawl h to take up one tooth of the ratchet i,
and by turning the bevil wheels effect the semi-revolution of the cutter,
which is retained in its position by the catch entering the notch in the
collar m, such catch being withdrawn by means of the cam n previous to
the turning of the chisel at each stroke. The bars o bears against the end of
the chisel, and being firmly held by the screws p prevents the chisel giving
way when it strikes the stone. The cutting or chipping apparatus is sup-
ported by the beam or girder q, and may be adjusted, if required, by means of
the screwed shaft r, the stone or material to be wrought being moved beneath
the cutters by ordinary self-acting traversing machinery, either as shewn or in
any more suitable and well-known manner, and driven from the shaft b.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of performing the same, I wish it to be distinctly understood that I
claim cutting, shaping, or reducing stone or other similar substances by means
of the novel and peculiar arrangement of mechanism, before described, in
combination with an adjustable traversing table for the support of the stone
or other material, such improvements having been herein-before described and
set forth, and fully illustrated in the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joshua William Graham, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
JOSHUA WILLIAM GRAHAM. (L.S.)