AN IMPROVEMENT IN VENTILATING BUILDINGS, VESSELS, AND MINES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent, Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN VENTILATING BUILDINGS,
VESSELS, AND MINES."-A communication from abroad by Sidney Mason
Stone, of the City of New Haven, State of Connecticut, United States
of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
'at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th August 1860.
.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said-Invention for "AN. IMPROVEMENT IN VENTILATING BUILDINGS,
VESSELS, AND MINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of a duct or passage heated by a
flue, or a steam pipe passing upwards through it, in such a manner as. to
rarefy the air within it, and carry off the impure air from a building, ship, or
mine, in combination with another duct or passage for admitting pure air from
the outside of the building, or from above the deck of or outside of the vessel,
or from above the shaft or outside of the mouth of the mine, by which com-

page_text: bination a constant circulation of. pure air through the building, apartment,
.vessel, mine, or pit is obtained.".
In applying the Invention to. buildings it is proposed to build fresh air ducts
in the walls, and to connect the apartments to be ventilated with these ducts
by a grating at or near the floor, and to regulate the air supply by valves.
The fresh air may be passed directly into the apartments to be ventilated, or
after it has circulated through a heated chamber. These apartments are
brought into direct communication with the heated flue for drawing off the
vitiated air, which flue may be conveniently built over the kitchen fire-place,
and receive the smoke flue leading therefrom. This arrangement will be
similar in principle both for the ventilation of ships and mines.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal .Patent Office
.on the 9th February 1861. t.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,. ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane; in. the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send-greeting...
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton,. my executors, administrators,. and assigns, or such others
as, I,. the said Alfred Vincent. Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use; ; exercise, (and vend, within the United Kingdom
of. Great Britain and. Ireland, the Channel;,Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for AN IMPROVEMENT IN: VENTILATING BUILDINGS, VESSELS, AND
MINES," being a communication from abroad, upon the condition. (amongst
others) that,I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton,, by an instrument.in .writing
under my hand and seal; should; particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the:<said Invention, and in what manner the same. was to.be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in. the. Great Seal-Patent Office.
within-six.calendar months, next, and immediately after the, date of the, said
Letters Patent.

page_text: . NOW KNOW YE, that .I, the said. Alfred Vincent. Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto,annexed, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
:-
This Invention, as communicated to me from abroad, relates to the employ-
ment of an air duct or passage heated by a flue; or a steam pipe passing
through it, in such a manner as to rarefy.the air. within .it, and create an
upward current therein for the purpose of. carrying off the impure air from.a.
building, ship,.or mine, such air duct to be in combination, with another duct
or passage for: admitting pure air to the building, ship, or mine, by which
combination a constant circulation and distribution of pure air to the space.
requiring ventilation is obtained.
.
i
Figure 1 in the accompanying Drawing is a sectional diagram illustrating
the application of the Invention to a dwelling house, or other building. In.
this application of the Invention, as many pure air ducts. A as may be:
necessary are constructed in the wall B, one for each. apartment, or one for.
several apartments, communicating by means of branch passages when
necessary. These ducts, or passage. or; passages, communicate with the
apartments near the floor, as shown at a, through registers, and receive the
air under the eaves of the building, as shown at b. The air may be admitted
directly to the apartment or apartments in a cold state, as indicated by the
black arrows; .or it may, by means of a damper-like valve c in the air duct:A,
be directed through a warming chamber G in the basement of. the building
before being permitted to pass the. registers, such chamber being beated by. a
stove or other means. Several impure air ducts. C may also be used, but one
will generally be sufficient in a building, the several apartments, where simple
openings.into it, as shown at d and e,are not practicable; being connected with
it by suitable passages. The duct C, or each one if more than one be used,
should be built over a fire-place D, which, in a dwelling, house, may be that of
the kitchen, as that is generally kept in operation throughout the year, and
the chimney of this fire-place should be composed of an iron pipe or flue E.
passing directly through the centre of the duct C, and out at the top thereof
above the roof of the building. The duct C may receive the impure air from
the apartment only near the ceiling,. as. shown at d, or near the floor, also as
shown.at.e. The radiation of heat from the pipe or flue E heats the air in
the duct C, and causes an upward draft therein, and by this means a partial
vacuum is produced in the apartment.or apartments communicating-with the
said duct, and a free circulation of pure air is induced through the duct or

page_text: ducts A, the passage or passages a, and the apartment or "apartments, as indi-
cated by the arrows: The Drawing represents the system of ventilation applied,
to one apartment F only of the building.
Figures 2, 3, and 4, represent the system of ventilation applied in connection:
with the hold of a ship. Figure 2 is a longitudinal section; Figure 3, a
transverse section in the line x, x, of Figure 2; and Figure 4, a transverse
section in the line y, y, of Figure 2. The pure air duct A consists of an iron'
or wooden pipe extending from near the bottom of the hold to some
distance above the upper deck. The impure air duct C consists of an iron
pipe extending from below the lower deck to some distance above the
upper deck. The upward draft through the impure air duct C is represented
as being produced by the flue or chimney E of a stove D, arranged between
decks, which flue or chimney enters and passes up through the duct C.
The circulation, as indicated by the arrows, is produced by the same
operation as described with reference to the dwelling house. The duct A is.
furnished with a register a, and the duct C with a register f, to regulate the
circulation. Branch pipes may be connected with the pure air duct to convey
pure air to different parts of the vessel, and with the impure air duct-to carry.
off impure air from different parts; or the said ducts may be provided with
separate openings for the ingress of pure, and egress of impure air to different:
parts. Instead of using a stove D, the chimney of the galley stove may be
arranged to pass through the impure air duct to produce the upward draft.
therein. In a steam vessel the necessary heat to produce the upward draft in
the duct C may be produced by a steam pipe entering and passing up through
that duct, or a small pipe from the furnace, or any of the flues of the boiler
may be used instead of the chimney or stove pipe.
Figure 5 is a vertical section showing the application of the Invention to
the shaft of a mine. A is the pure air duct, consisting of a pipe of iron or
wood extending from above the mouth of the pit to near the bottom of the
shaft; C is the foul air duct, extending from the mouth a considerable portion
of the distance down the shaft. Below the mouth of the duct C the stove D
is supported upon a suitable platform H, and its sheet-iron flue or chimney
passes up. through the duct C. The heat radiated from the chimney E
produces the upward draft in the duct D, and causes the foul air to be
exhausted from the mine, and its place to be supplied by pure air admitted
by the duct A. The ducts may both have branch pipes leading to the
galleries and all parts of the mine.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "An Improvement in
Ventilating Buildings, Vessels, and Mines," as communicated to me from

page_text: abroad, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it
to be understood, that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim,.
the combination for the purpose of ventilation of a pure air duct, and an.
impure air duct, having an upward current produced in it by means of a
heated flue or pipe passing through it, the whole being applied and operating:
as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)