Year: 1888

page_text: I FRIEDRICH WILHELM BERGMANN, Manufacturer, of Barmen, in the Kingdom of
Prussia and German Empire, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to ovens applicable for baking, japanning, drying,
and so forth, and has for its object :-
1. To enable the oven to be heated by gas.
2. The prevention of soot accumulating in the flues.
3. To enable the oven to be taken to pieces.
4. To enable the heating chamber of the oven to be enlarged, or diminished.
An oven according to this invention is represented in the annexed drawings.
Figure 1 shows the mode of erecting an oven according to this invention, in
longitudinal section.
Figure 2 shows an outside view of the oven, seen from the side where the oven is
fed.
Figure 3 shows a side view of the oven.
Figure 4 shows the oven in section through the fire place.
Figure 5 shows a section of the oven in the direction of the line A. A. Figure 1.
Figure 6 shows a section of the oven in the direction of the line B. B. Figure 1.
Figure 7 shows a section of the oven in the direction of the line C. C. Figure 1.
Figure 8 shows a view of the oven from above.
Figure 9 shows an outside view of the oven when the heating chamber is
enlarged.
Figure 10 shows a longitudinal section of the oven shown at Figure 9.
Figure 11 shows a modified way of erecting the oven, showing the arrangement of
the flues of the oven and of the dampers for regulating the flues.
Figure 12 is an outside view of the oven shown at Figure 11.
The oven is of the following construction.
Above the fire place a of the oven there is pivoted a retort p, which is covered by
the heating plate o. The retort p has opening p' in the sides, through which the gases
evolved from the coal in the retort escape from the retort into the flue t. The wall f

page_text: of the fire place a at the top developes into a plate d, which covers a chamber c'.
Between e and the outer wall of the oven, is formed a space c², that serves for
the deposition of the soot. The heating chamber is surrounded by flues t¹, t, and
the fluo t and an upper flue 2. The upper flue 2 has, on the top, one or more central
openings s, provided with dampers, that serve as passages for the heating gases from
the upper flue of the lower heating chamber into the lower flue 3 of the heating
chamber immediately above it. The soot space can be closed partly by the
plates c that form soot depositors, see Figures 1 to 12.
The oven is constructed in sections as shown, and in such a way that they can be
placed one on the top of the other in any desired number. From the upper section the
beating gases pass through the central Hue w into the chimney. The draught in the
upper central flue w can be regulated by a damper æ.
The damper can be fixed in any position by the handle y.
Each section of the
oven is surrounded on its upper part by a ring, which overlaps the upper portion
and allows any desired number of sections to be placed one on the top of the other.
n, n, are handles for moving the dampers of the openings s in the flues between two
sections. is the bridge of the fire place a. e, e are doors for the removal of
the soot is the door of the fire place a; m, m are the doors of the heated
chambers.
To put the oven in operation, the retort is charged with coal, and a fire is kept
burning on the fire place a which heats the retort p. The gases escaping from the
retort p through the openings p' are fired by the fire in the fire place à below it and
pass through the lower flues t, thence over the soot depositors c towards the
rising side flues t, thence they pass into the upper flue 2 and thence by the
openings into the lower flue 13 of the next higher heating chamber and thence in
the already described way up to the highest upper flue of the uppermost heating
chamber. Hence the heating gases pass the damper a and through the central
pipe to and escape into the chimney.
To prevent the soot irom entering the upper flues of the heating chambers and
choking them, the soot depositors c are provided, which carry the soot away to tho
soot spaces c, before it can rise upward in the flues. From these soot spaces the soot
can be removed by opening the doors e, e.
The soot depositors c, c may be formed either as shewn at Figures 1 to 8, or they
may be formed, as represented in Figures 11 and 12, of vertical plates (see c³ Figure 11)
so that the soot cannot help but fall into the soot space c². If the oven is required to
provide a larger heating chamber than that given, if two sections with horizontal
lower and upper flues are placed one upon the other, then (as shown in Figures 9
and 10) sections are used without middle horizontal flues. Figure 10 shows such an
oven in cross section, with this oven the firing gases rise from the horizontal lower
flues into the vertical side flues t¹ and then through a common upper flue (* towards
the central pipe w.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The combination with ovens of the type herein described, of the retort p
placed above the fire place a, which retort is fed with fresh fuel and is provided with
side openings p' in such a way that the gases passing from the retort through these
openings, after being fired from the fire place a are conducted to the heating
flues t, t, 2, 3, t, of the oven; substantially as described and as represented in the
Drawings.
Second. An oven with a retort p placed above the fire place a, as described, the
oven consisting of sections, each of which has a lower flue t, side flues and an
upper flue 2 constructed in such a way that the firing gases pass along the side flues
towards the middle of the upper flue and thence are carried over dampers to the
lower flue of the next higher section; substantially as described and as represented in
the drawings.

page_text: Third. An oven with the retort p placed above the fire place a as set forth under
claim 1, in which the upper and lower flues as set forth under claim 2, are removeable
for the purpose of enlarging the heating chamber of the oven; substantially as
described and as represented in the drawings.
Fourth. In an oven as set forth under claim 1, with the retort p placed above the
fire place a, the application of the soot depositors c which carry the soot into the soot
spaces and prevent it from passing into the heating flues; substantially as described
and as represented in the drawings.