Year: 1887

page_text: I EDWARD KRULL of Güstrow in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Doctor of Medicine do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
In order that my invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into
practice I will proceed to describe the same by making reference to the drawings
hereto annexed Figures 1 and 2 of which show vertical sections and Figure 3 a plan
of inhaling apparatus arranged and constructed in accordance with my improvements.
The apparatus consists of a metal kettle or boiler (advantageously of tinned
copper) A having a tinned copper or other suitable metal serpentine tube B B
connected thereto with its bent open outlet descending into the vessel C the lower end
of which is connected by the tube D with the kettle or boiler A. The pipe D is
provided with a delivery-cock at E. The kettle or boiler A is provided with a rim or
Hanger and support q being also connected by the flanger with the upper part M of
the apparatus.
The boiler A is formed hollow underneath (in order to prevent the metal parts of
the apparatus getting ignescent) and is heated by two gas, oil, or other lamps having
suitable burners adapted to the special purpose for which they are designed. The lamp
is mounted on a plate or bar & which is connected with an adjusting device to allow
of its being raised or lowered. The adjusting device consists of a rod y having on its
upper extremity a screw thread and the winged nut k by which means the rod y and
lamp or burners can be raised or lowered. w is the lower guide for guiding the rod,
The upper guide consists of the rectangular arm u forming a bearing for the winged
nut k. On the end of the horizontal arm of support u a vertical arm is fixed having a
indicates the
metrical scale i thereon by which the index finger or pointer g on rod
raising or lowering of the heating apparatus. is a fixed stop on the rod y to prevent
the lamp from being raised too high.
y
y.
Upon the boiler A and around the serpentine tube B a casing of tinned iron or other
suitable metal M M is placed which on its upper extremity is provided with the elbow-

page_text: shaped cap N that is advantageously made of tinned iron or of other suitable metal.
The casing M M as also the cap N are covered with a thick coating of silicious sinter
or other suitable non-conducting material. The casing M M is fixed at on the
kettle or boiler and its flange r and with this latter screwed by metal flanges on to the
lower part or support ..
About one inch and three quarters (or about 4 centimetres) below the lower end of
the casing there is fixed an annular shaped air-channel advantageously of tinned iron
(or other suitable metal) QQ which surrounds the casing and the inner wall of which
is formed by the casing itself. This air-channel Q communicates by an opening S
with the inner space of the casing. On the opposite side the air-channel Qis con-
nected with the air tube or pipe R which on its upper end is provided with the smaller
pipe T. The elbow-shaped cap N is ath provided with an opening arranged to receive
a thermometer and at the upper end with a short tin pipe o on which there is screwed
the mouth piece p. The mouth piece p is formed with an opening for inserting a
thermometer pl. Upon kettle or boiler A a metal ring G is fixed about 5 centimetres
high; the space formed by the ring G communicates with the pipe F connected with
the funnel T outside of the casing M.
From the vessel G, there is an outlet pipe H provided with a stop cock J. Between
the vessel G and the opening on the air channel Q there is fixed a sheet metal
shield K.
Figure 3 is a plan of Figure 2. n. n. are two handles fixed on the casing for
carrying the apparatus; c. Figure 3 shows the crescent shaped form of the vessel C.
Figure 1.
The main object of the apparatus may be described as follows:-
The apparatus is designed to warm atmospheric air with its températures undergoing
the different changes when passing through the apparatus for the purpose of
inhalation.
The air is so warmed and saturated with humidity as always to keep when issuing
from the apparatus the same temperature and humidity as may be desired. This
result is obtained in the first place by producing the requisite heat by means of the
water heating apparatus A. B. C. D.
The construction of the water heating apparatus is such as to prevent any danger to
the patient when using. In case the heat should get too intense the boiling water will
flow out of the serpentine pipe or tube B into the vessel C whilst through the pipe D
there is always carried a certain quantity of water out of the vessel Cinto the kettle or
boiler A. The vessel C is designed to act (owing to its extended surface) as a cooler for
the hot water that may pass over into it.
The necessary augmentation of the humidity or moisture of the air is obtained by
the evaporation of the water from the open vessel G.
When using the apparatus the water in the vessel G is heated to about 60°
Centigrade and at this temperature about 100 to 150 Gramines of water are evaporated
every hour, this being amply sufficient to completely saturate the air passing through
the apparatus.
In order to prevent the air in passing through the opening S impinging directly
against the sides of the vessel G and thus cooling down the water in vessel G, a pro-
tecting surface or shield K is interposed between them.
By the construction of the apparatus previously described and the exact
regulation of the heating medium the necessary constant equal temperature of the air
is obtained from the outlet used for inhaling.
To obtain such a constant equal temperature or a constant temperature that does not
vary more than one degree care must always be observed as regards the degree of
temperature of the air that is entering the apparatus. The number of flames or burners
used for heating the apparatus is under certain conditions always the same. The regula
tion of the temperature of the apparatus is obtained by rasing or lowering the heating
apparatus. The thick coating of silicious sinter (or other suitable non conductor of
heat) prevents the heat passing out through the outer casing.

page_text: The action or working of the apparatus is as follows.
After having closed the cock E water poured into the vessel C fills up the warm
water heating system A. B. C. D. so that the water in C, does not touch or obstruct
the outlet of the serpentine pipe B. The cock J on the pipe H connected with the
vessel G (which is thus emptied) is then closed and a pint of water is then poured
through the funnel T into the vessel G. The lamp is then lighted with its two burners
(the one having 15 the other one 10 flames or other suitable numbers) and raised as high
as possible which can be done by raising the adjusting device until the ring around
the rod Y at W touches the lower part of the adjusting device.
Now supposing that the patient requires air for inhaling of 42 or 43° Centigrade
which is the temperature made use of in most cases then only let the heating of the
air in the apparatus go on until the thermometer P¹ in the tube o shows 31° Centigrade
then put out the burner with 15 flames and have the other 10 flames burning alone.
This being done the temperature of the room is allowed for supposing it to be 171°
Centigrade then as soon as the thermometer shows 40° Centigrade lower the lamp 5 /m
by turning the screw nut k. When the thermometer has got up to 41° Centigrade
the patient will have to sit down and inhale full draughts of the warm air through the
mouth by means of the mouthpiece p. When exhaling the patient will have to close
his mouth and exhale through the nose. To get used to the inhalation through the
mouth and the exhalation through the nose it is advisable to first close the nose while
inhaling by pressing the nostrils together with the fingers.
In about 10 minutes the thermometer will be up to 42° Centigrade and then the tem-
perature may be regulated with perfect ease between 42 and 43° by means of the
regulating device. If the rising of the heat over 42° Centigrade be too rapid, as
may happen when the patient has not got much practice or is very weak and
consuming a very little air only, then it will be necessary to lower the lamp 1 or 2 /m
after having inhaled for about half an hour; this can be done without the patient
moving from the seat or ceasing the respiration by simply turning the screw nut k.
If on the contrary by a profound respiration and a considerable consumption of air
the temperature has risen a little only over 42° Centigrade the patient will have to
raise the lamp 1 or 2 m in the manner previously described.
The following index shows the method of proceeding at different temperatures of the
room, in order to obtain air for inhalation at a constant temperature of 42° or
43° centrigrade.
Supposing the heat
and the thermometer at the heating apparatus
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
The improved arrangement construction and combination of portable apparatus for
producing moist warm air for inhalation of a certain fixed temperature such apparatus

page_text: being composed of the kettle or hoiler A, connected with the serpentine pipe B and
the cold water reservior C, of the lamp which by means of the rod y provided with
screw thread V movable in its guides W can be placed more or less near to the keetle
or boiler A, of the water evaporating vessel Gupon the kettle or boiler A of the tube R,
through which the fresh air passes in and finally of the casing M; within this latter
the air is heated by the serpentine heating pipe B so that it may be inhaled by the
patient through the mouth piece p at a temperature which can be ascertained by the
thermometer at hand at the whole being arrranged and combined so as to act
substantially in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore fully described and
represented in the drawings hereto annexed.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
34, Southampton Buildings, London, W..
Agents for the Patentee.