IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS AND MANUFACTURING HOLLOW METALLIC KEYS FOR SO DOING, AND IN THE MODES, MEANS, AND MECHANISM EMPLOYED FOR THESE PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter MacLellan, of the Firm of P. & W.
MacLellan, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING THE
RAILS OF RAILWAYS AND MANUFACTURING HOLLOW METALLIC KEYS FOR SO
DOING, AND IN THE MODES, MEANS, AND MECHANISM EMPLOYED FOR THESE
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 22nd May 1869, and dated the 30th November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter MacLellan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 30th November 1868.
I, WALTER MACLELLAN, of the Firm of P. & W. MacLellan, of the
5 Oity of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FIXING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS AND MANUFACTURING HOLLOW METALLIC KEYS

page_text: FOR SO DOING, AND IN THE MODES, MEANS, AND MECHANISM FOR THESE PURPOSES,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This said Invention under the first part or head consists in a new or
improved mode and means of fastening the rails of railways within the
holding recess and jaws formed on their chairs and sleepers by having a
wedge-shaped feather formed on the inner face of the outside jaw near
the centre of the holding key or wedge, so as to enter into the slit of the
hollow iron key formed by the two ends of the flat plate out of which
the key is formed on the out face bearing on the jaw, the lower edges of
the wedge feather and key having the bevel or wedge surface corre-
sponding and acting on each other so that as the hollow key is driven in
between the jaw and rail the lower wedge surface of the feather opens
the slit of the key, and in addition to the usual tightening action of this
form of key depresses-the-lower front side and corner of the key so as to
tighten up the opposite side and lower corner against the rail, together
with the additional wedge action of the inwardly rounded surface at the
lower part of the jaw when desired, while to hold the key in the tightened
position to which it is driven a small projection is formed on the inner
under edge of the wedge feather, rounded off so as to enter or "take
into" undulatory recesses formed along the front end and corresponding
wedge-acting edge of the key by the elasticity of the hollow key, which
prevents it shaking loose by the mere vibration of the rails, but still
capable of being driven out by the hammer as they arc driven in, the
highest points of the undulations of the key acting as its wedge surface
at the front part coinciding with the angled lines of the back part and
wedge surface of the feather. Hollow keys fitted in this improved
manner could be made of a lighter construction than usual in conse-
quence of this certain and direct tightening action in the direction across
their faces and length of their fibres, and thus at little more expense be
made of good tough elastic iron or of steel either from hot or cold plates
when desired; while when wood keys are to be used the wedge feather
might be made narrow and in the form of a thin wedge, so as not to
split the key, and yet by the friction on the sides of the wedge and the
holding projection sinking into the wood bed or face of the wedge would
hold it from sliding back loose. For applying these improved tightening
wedges to the holding recesses of the chairs and sleepers of railways now
in use the wedge feathers could be formed of malleable or cast iron with
lateral holding heads (like "gibs" for straps) which would "take over "

page_text: the sides of the jaw of the chair or recess for holding the rails, while the
wedge and holding projection would lie against the inner face within
the wedge slot or slit in the key, and act in the same manner as the
feather cast on the chair or sleeper, and rise or fall to suit the slit of the
particular wedge used, which would be a convenience in such various
forms of old chairs and rails as the wedges might require to be used
for.
Under the second part or head, this said Invention consists in new or
improved modes and means or mechanism of and for forming or shaping
hollow keys for fastening the rails to their chairs or sleepers out of thin
flat pieces of hot (or it might be cold) iron or steel, either of the improved
construction of hollow rail fixing key hercin described or that with the
slightly open parallel slit at the two cuds to allow of their motion or
closing by the clastic action of the key.
One modification or example of the improvements under this head,
after having first cut the thin flat nearly rectangular blocks or forms out
of flat plates or bars of iron or steel, of the desired thickness, to a widthų
equal to the length of the keys to be formed, and a length in the direc-
tion of the fibres of the plate equal to the perimeter of their outer
surface, having the one end cut or punched off at an angle with the
undulations herein-before named to form the wedge-holding surface of
the keys in the case of these improvements being employed for forming
the keys, as described under the first part of this Invention, all being
heated in a reverberatory or other suitable reheating chamber or flue
furnace, which would heat them regularly all over and in succession to
suit the nature of the metal and maintain its strength and elasticity
with the least expenditure of power necessary to bend, compress, and
draw or shape them, consists in placing cach heated plate or blank form
(when the shaping machine is placed horizontally) upon the bed plate
close below the shaping or "core" mandril, having a tapered point
formed on the front end of a reciprocating spindle, and immediately in
front of its slide or guide bearings secured to the back part of the same
sole plate, with the rectangular end of the hot plate placed close up to
the edge of a guide secured on the sole plate parallel to the reciprocating
mandril, which is of the same cross section as the interior of the hollow
key to be formed, nearly rectangular with rounded corners, and
parallel or tapered longitudinally according as the keys are to be formed,
the mandril being then right over the centre of the hot plate, so that as

page_text: it is forced forward a square notch or shoulder formed on its under side
and two edges catches the back edge or end of the hot plate and carries
it forward along the guide parallelly into a wide-mouthed conical or
trumpet-ended shaping matrix, which gradually turns up the front
corners and two ends of the hot plato round the sides of the mandril as
it goes forward to the front, thus laying the two ends up the edges and
over the upper corners of the mandril (with the open spring or wedge
joint in the centre of the top side between them for tightening the key
when finished and in use), and finally carrying or pushing the finished
hollow key out through the front part of the matrix, and a tempered
stecl outer shaping or drawing plate fixed to it, which presses the hot
plate on all sides close to the mandril, and draws or shapes off the outer
sides or surface to the fixed parallel size of the interior of this drawing
and shaping plate, at the front end or upper face of which a hinged
removing catch is jointed at its one end so as to rise over the upper
side of the hollow key as it is formed and pushed out by an angular or
rounded edge on the under side of the lever, which falls down on a rest
at the front end of the lever so as just to clear the mandril at its extreme
forward stroke, which forces the back end of the key past the front
vertical face, and edge of the withdrawing lever, which thus and then
catches the back end of the key and holds it while the back stroke of
the spindle removes the mandril out of the key and allows it to drop
down in a finished state in front of the matrix. The reciprocatory
motion described may be given to the spindle of the mandril by con-
necting its back end to the crank or cam of any convenient revolving
shaft, or first or second motion shaft of a portable engine, which may be
secured to the same sole plate or framing as the hollow key-making
machine described, or any other equivalent mechanical motion heretofore
used for such compressing or powerful reciprocating action or purposes.
When the keys are to be tapered (instead of parallel, as described), the
plate, after it is turned round the mandril, is forced into a strong smooth
tapered shaping matrix or "bolster" the whole length of the key with
the small end in front, so that the compressed or finished key can be
casily withdrawn from it along with the back stroke or motion of the
mandril or after its withdrawal, when. in either case the finished key
would be removed or allowed to drop through a narrow space in the
centre of the bed plate behind the conical mouth of the matrix instead
of at the front end, as in the former modification described. This hollow
key-shaping machine might be made to bend and form them out of cold

page_text: plates, and be arranged to work vertically or at an angle as well as
horizontally, as described; and that the hollow keys and their mandril
and matrix employed might be of any other shape in cross section to
suit the particular shape of rails and holding recess of the chairs and
sleepers for which they were to be used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Walter MacLellan in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 27th May 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WALTER
MACLELLAN, of the Firm of P. and W. MacLellan, of the Oity of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Walter MacLellan, Her special
license that I, the said Walter MacLellan, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Walter MacLellan, my
exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FIXING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS AND MANUFACTURING HOLLOW METALLIC KEYS
FOR SO DOING, AND IN THE MODES, MEANS, AND MECHANISM EMPLOYED FOR THESE
PURPOSES," upon the conditions (amongst others) that I, the said Walter
MacLellan, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Walter MacLellan, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
two Sheets of Drawings, and to the several illustrative Figures and
reference letters, which indicate the same or like parts in the several
Figures, all which I have hereunto appended for the purpose of showing
the nature of my said Invention and the best modifications, modes, and
means which I am at present aware of for practically performing or
putting my said Invention into practice, that is to say :-
Figures 1 to 13 inclusive, an Sheet 1, are detailed views drawn to half
the full real size of one modification or inode and means of carrying out
the improvements under the first part or head of my said Invention.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 is an ond clevation, Figure 3 a
plan, and Figure 4 a transverse section (taken on the vertical plane,
indicated by the line 1-1 in Figure 1), all corresponding to cach other,
of a railway chair constructed in accordance with-and-illustrative_of_one
modification of my said improvements as applied thereto, showing par-
ticularly the form and position of the feather wedge cast on the chair for
opening the slit of the hollow main key of the rail and giving it greater
tightening action, and preventing the key from slackening back after
being tightened up; Figures 3 and 6. are respectively a side and an end
elevation of a railway chair similar to that shown in Figures 1 to 4,
but showing a rail as fitted and fixed therein in accordance with these
improvements under the first part of my said Invention; Figure 7 is an
outside elevation of the hollow key detached, constructed in accordance
with these improvements, as fitted to the form of chair and rail shown in
the several Figures 1 to 6 inclusive; and Figures 8 and 9 are respectively
a transverse section on the line 2-2, Figure 7, and an end view of the
improved hollow key shown in Figure 7; Figure 10 is a side view of a
detached form of the opening, tightening, and holding feather wedge as
applied to the improved construction of hollow keys of ordinary forms
of railway chairs; and Figures 11, 12, and 13 are respectively a side
elevation, a transverse, and a horizontal section of an ordinary railway
chair showing these improvements under the first head of my said
Invention as fitted and applied thereto.
Referring to Sheet 2, the several Figures 14 to 29 inclusive, represent
various detailed views of my improved machines, mechanism, and means
of manufacturing hollow metal keys for fastening the rails of railways
. to their chairs and sleepers constructed in accordance with and illus-

page_text: trative of the improvements under the second part or head of my said
Invention.
Figure 14 is a side elevation, and Figure 15 a plan of a complete
machine for forcing and shaping the hollow keys out of square sheets
or shapes of hot iron or steel, or it may be of cold iron or steel
when the metal is of a superior quality, and Figure 16 is a transverse
section taken ou the line 1-1 in Figure 15, but drawn to a larger
scale.
Figure 17 is a side clevation, Figure 18 a plan, Figure 19 an end
elevation, and Figure 20 a transverse section on the line 2-2 in Figure 17,
all respectively of a modification of compressing and shaping mechanism
of a slightly different construction to that shown in Figures 14, 15,
and 16, but made to suit that machine.
Figures 21 and 22 are respectively a front elevation and a transverse
section of under hollow and upper ram "cressing" blocks for giving the
flat plates or forms a "U" shape, as shown in the similar views, Figures
23 and 24, in the position of having shaped the plate to the form shown
as removed from the blocks in Figure 25 all ready for being placed
during the same heat it was cressed in, into the shaping machine shown
in Figures 17 to 20, from which it is delivered completely shaped and
formed, as shown in side and oud views, Figure 26.
Referring to Figures 1 to 9 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, my said
Invention under the first part or head consists in a new or improved
mode and means of fastening the rails (as A) of railways with the
holding recess (as B) and jaws (C and C) formed on or in one piece
with either the chairs or the sleepers of the rails as desired by having a
wedge-shaped feather a formed on the inner face of each outside jaw C
of the chairs or sleepers in a position near the centre of the outer side of
the holding key or wedge of the rail A (as b in Figures 5 and 6), so as
to enter into the slit c of the hollow iron key b (formed by the two end
edges b', bu, of the thin flat plate out of which the key b is formed) on
or in its outer face bearing on the inner surface of the outer jaw C.
The lower edge of the feather wedge a and key b having their "bevel"
or wedge surfaces corresponding and acting on each other, so that as the
hollow key is driven into the recess B between the jaw C and the rail A
in the direction of the arrow in Figure 6, the lower wedge surface of
the feather a acts on the edge 6" of the key b and opens its slit c', and
thus (in addition to the usual tightening action of the key b between

page_text: the jaw C and rail A) by this improved construction of wedge feather a
and key the lower front side 6" and corner is depressed so as to
tighten the opposite and lower corner 6', and also b³ when the upper
surface of the feather a is formed with a wedge "taper" against the rail,
together with the additional wedge action of the inwardly rounded
surface (as C and C", Figures 5 and 10,) at the lower and upper parts of
the jaw C when that is desired, while to hold the key b in the tightened
position to which it is driven by a hammer or mallet in the usual
manuer a small projection a is formed on the head or inner under edge
of the wedge feather a rounded off so as to enter or "take into " any
one of the set of undulatory recesses c¹ formed along the upper surface
of the front end and corresponding wedge-acting edge 6" of the key b.
by the elasticity due to the hollow form of the key b, and which thus
prevents it from shaking back loose by the vibration of the rails, but
still-leaving-it-capable of being driven back or out by the extra direct
force of the hammer as it or these forms of keys are driven in. The
highest points of the ridges between the holding hollows or undula-
tions c' of the key b acting also as its wedge surface at the front part
are made to coincide with the same angled wedge line of the back part
or edge 6" of the key 6 and wedge surface at the point of the feather a.
Hollow keys 6 fitted in this new or improved manner can be made of a
lighter construction than usual, in consequence of this certain and direct
tightening action in the direction across their faces and in the direction
of the length of their fibres (as indicated by the arrows in Figure 5),
thus enabling them when desired at little expense to be made of good
tough and clastic iron or steel, either from hot or cold plates. When
this new or improved mode and means of fastening rails is applied
to wood keys the wedge feather a may be made narrow, namely, in the
form of a very thin and narrow wedge so as not to split the key and yet
by the friction of the angled faces or sides of the wedge a and the
holding projection a which would both sink into the outer face of the
wood key (as 6) and hold it from sliding or slackening back loose. For
applying these improved tightening wedges and keys to the holding
recesses (as B and jaws C, C',) of the chairs and sleepers of railways
now in use, Figures 10 to 13 inclusive, the wedge feathers a are formed
detached, by preference of cast or malleable iron or of malleable cast
iron with lateral holding heads a" (like "gibs" for straps") which
embrace or "take over" the sides of the jaw C of the chair or recess B
for holding the rails, while the wedge and holding projection a would lie

page_text: against the inner face C within the wedge slot or slit c in the key b and
act in the same or like manner as the feather wedge a, described as
cast on the jaw C of the chair or sleeper (as described in reference to
Figures 1 to 9), and in addition rise or fall to suit the slit of the
particular wedge b used, which would be a great convenience in the
applying of these improved wedges and keys to various old forms of
chairs and rails to which they may thus be applied. Under the second
part or head this said Invention consists in new or improved modes and
means or mechanism of and for forming or shaping hollow keys for
fastening the rails to their chairs or sleepers out of thin flat pieces of
hot or it may be cold iron or steel, either of the improved construction
of hollow rail fixing key herein described under the first part of my said
Invention, or that with the slightly open parallel slit at the two ends to
allow of their yielding or being slightly closed by the clastic action or
motion of the tightening up key and rail.
Referring to Figures 14, 15, and 16 on Sheet 2 of the accompanying
Drawings. After having first cut the thin flat forms or blocks nearly
rectangular out of flat plates or bars of iron or steel of the desired
thickness to a width 3-3 equal to the length of the key b, Figures 24
and 26 to be formed, and a length 4-4, Figure 21, in the direction of
the fibres of the plate equal to the perimeter of their outer surface
having the one end cut or punched off at an angle to the undulations c'
Figure 7, Sheet 1, herein-before named, to form the wedge holding
surface of the keys, in the case of these improvements under this
second part being employed for forming keys, as described in refer-
cnce to Figures 1 to 13 on Sheet 1, under the first part of my said.
Invention, all these plate forms 6 so cut being heated in a reverberatory
or other suitable reheating chamber or flue furnace which would heat
them regularly all over and in succession to suit the nature of the metal
so as to maintain its strength and elasticity with the least expenditure
of power necessary to bend, compress, and draw or shape them. Then
and thus one modification or example of the improvements under this
second head or part of my said Invention consists of placing cach plate
or blank form (b, Figures 14 to 16,) in succession as prepared and heated
upon a portable carrying or sliding and setting hand plate E' upon the
bed plate E of the horizontal frame E of the compressing mechanism
secured to the main sole plate J of the whole machine firmly secured.
to a suitable and substantial foundation of masonry J. The plate E

page_text: "
slides laterally close below the long slightly tapered shaping or "core
mandril F, formed at the front part of a strong reciprocating spindle F",
somewhat pointed at the extreme end immediately in front of its
stiffening slide E' cast on the back part of the sole plate E, through
which the fore part of the spindle F¹ works, guided by the cross-
head and bearing bushes reciprocating in the two slides secured
to the main sole plate J, the crosshcad F being connected by the
forked end of the connecting rod G which is attached at the "butt"
end to and actuated by the crank pin G of the crank G, and its
shaft Grevolving in the journal bush bearings of the plummer
blocks G secured to the sole plates J, J, and foundation wall J', J".
The first motion fly wheel shaft H which revolves also in pluminer
block bearings on the sole plates J, J, is actuated by fast and
loose pulleys H, H", and a belt from any prime motion shaft; and
the shaft H gives the necessary reduced and powerful motion to the
crank shaft G" by the pinion H2 gearing into the large whicel Hon
the latter shaft G, which as it revolves reciprocates the shaping
mandril over the hot plates 6 cach placed by the sliding plate E
with its one end close up to the guides I on the off side of the solc
plate E, parallel to the reciprocating mandril F, F, which is of the
sane section at the point F as the interior of the hollow-key to
be formed nearly rectangular with rounded corners, and parallel or
tapered longitudinally according as the keys (Figure 26) are to be
formed, the mandril being then right over the centre of the hot plate,
so that as it is forced forward by the action of the crank G, a square
notch or shoulder formed on its under side and two vertical edges f
catches the back edge or end of the hot plate b, and carries it forward
along the guide I parallelly into the back wide mouth K' of the conical
or trumpet ended shaping matrix K, assisted by the rolling action of
the antifriction pulley M keeping down the mandril F and late
whilst being compressed and shaped which gradually turns up the
front corners and two end edges ', 6, of the hot plate round the
sides of the mandril F as it goes forward to the front part K, thus
laying the two ends up the edges and over the upper corners of the
mandril F, with the open spring and wedge joint c left in the centre
of the top side between the two ends for tightening the key when
finished and in use, and thus as the mandril F comes forward finally
carries or pushes the hollow key out through the front part K" of
the matrix Kiu a finished state through a final tempered steel outer

page_text: shaping or drawing plate K firmly secured or fixed to it, and which
presses the hot plate on all sides close to the mandril F, and draws
or shapes off tho outer sides or surface to the fixed parallel size of the
interior of this drawing or shaping plate K²; at the front end or upper
face of the plate K a hinged buckle or two-armed removing catch L
is jointed at its back end or arm L', so that the front face L riscs
over the upper side of the hollow as it is formed and pushed out
below it by an angular or rounded edge on the under and inner side
of the face of the lever L, which falls down on a rest or the top of
the mandril F at the front end, or so as just to clear the mandril and
back end of the wedge at its extreme forward stroke, thus carrying the
back end of the key past the front vertical face and edge of the with-
drawing lever K, which thus and then catches the back end of the
key b, and holds it while the back stroke of the spindle F, F', removes
the mandril out of the key b and allows it to drop down in a finished
state in front of the matrix K and front end Z of the machine. The
reciprocating motion described may be given to the spindle F of the
mandril F by other equivalent means than that described as connecting
its back end to a crank or cam revolving shaft or first and second
motion shaft of a portable engine which may be secured to the same
sole plate or framing as the hollow key making mechanisın or machine
and first motion pulley and fly wheel shaft described; or by any other
equivalent mechanical motion heretofore used for such powerful com-
pressing or reciprocating action or purpose. Instead of the hot flat
plates being completely shaped at one operation (as described in
reference to the compressing mechanism on the frame E2, Figures 14,
15, and 16) each may in succession be caught by tongs and laid with
the centre of its length over the groove of the strong "U"-shaped
"cressing" block or matrix h, and its one end edge up against the setting
stops or guides h¹, below the head of the shaping and pressing ram h³,
fixed in the compressing end of the beam or ram of a lever or other
pressing machine, such as used for forming the heads of rivets and
other such purposes; all so that as the presser h³ comes down it
presses the plate into the recess of the lower "cress" to the desired
shape as seen in Figures 23 and 24 from which it is removed, as the
presser rises by tongs in the "U" form shown in Figure 25, and
placed in the double guides i, i, (while yet red hot and during the
time the forcing and shaping mandril F, F', is at the back end of
its stroke) of the shaping mechanism shown in Figures 17 to 20 inclusive;.

page_text: the similar or like parts are indicated by the same letters (in italics)
of reference as those described in reference to the machine shown in
Figures 14 to 16, and to which they are analagous in their form and
action only the internal wedge tapering, turning, and compressing action
of the wedges b', b", of forming the key takes place all in the upper
part of the matrix k which is formed with a detachable cover well
secured down by the bolts n, which enables this part (where the wear
and tear in forming the keys takes place) to be casily and more cheaply
renewed when worn out than by replacing the whole matrix K as
required in the former modification Figures 14 to 16. In other
respects the hollow keys bare formed and delivered at the front end Z
of both the compressers Figure 14 to 20 in a finished form as shown
at Figure 26 hot enough to be chilled in linseed oil, or other substance
for preserving the skin of the metal from corrosion. When the keys
aro-to-be tapered. (instead of parallel as described) the plate after it
is turned round the mandril is forced into a strong smooth tapered
shaping matrix or "bolster" the whole length of the key with the
small end in front, so that the compressed or finished key can be easily
withdrawn from it along with the back stroke or motion of the mandril,
or after its withdrawal, when in either case the finished key would
be removed or allowed to drop through a narrow space in the centre
of the bed plate behind the conical mouth of the matrix instead of at
the front end as in the former modifications described. This hollow
key shaping machine might be made to bend and form them out of
cold plates; and be arranged to work vertically or at an angle as well
as horizontally as described, and that the hollow keys and their
mandril and matrix employed might be of any other shape in cross
section to suit the particular shape of rails and holding recesses of the
chairs and sleepers for which they were to be used.
Having thus particularly described the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner of performing the same, I would have it understood
that I do not conline or restrict myself to the precise details herein
described and shown in the accompanying Drawings, as it will be
evident to a practical engineer or machinist that the same may be
altered both in the form and modes of construction without departing
from the main or essential features of my said Invention, but what
I consider novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,—

page_text: First. The modes and means of fastening the rails of railways, and
of manufacturing hollow keys for that purpose, all substantially in
the new or improved manner herein described and shown in the
accompanying Drawings or any mere modification thereof..
Second. The construction and use of hollow keys with wedge slits
and opening and tightening feathers for fastening the rails of railways
in their chairs or sleepers, all substantially in the new or improved
manner herein described, and shown in the accompanying Drawings,
or any mere modification thereof.
Third. The construction, arrangement, and use of mechanism for
the manufacturing of hollow metallic keys for fastening the rails of
railways, all substantially in the new or improved manner herein
described and shown in the accompanying Drawings or any more
modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter MacLellan, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-sixth day of May,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-nine.
0 Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
20, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.
WALTER MACLELLAN. (L.S.)