Improvements in or relating to Kilns for Burning Cements, Limes, and other like Substances.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Kilns for Burning Cements, Limes,
and other like Substances.
We, WILLIAM JOHNSON and HARRY WALKER, both of The Castleton Foundry,
Armley, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows;--
This invention relates to that class of kiln known as the continuous type
and which are employed for burning cements, limes and like substances, whereby
the substance undergoing the burning or calcining process can be drawn away
without stopping the burning or firing of the kiln.
According to this invention we construct a kiln either singly, with its own
dome or stack, or in rows, and arranged to communicate with one stack or
chimney, or in groups arranged to communicate with one stack or chimney.
In either case flues and dampers of suitable construction are provided for con-
necting the kiln or kilns to the stack, chimney or dome.
In the single kiln, or groups, the external shape thereof is similar to the
well known bottle or dome kiln, with the exception that we make provision for
increasing the height of dome, stack or chimney in order to give increased
draught.
The inside of the kiln is so made as to form one or more recesses or circum-
ferential cavities, in which heat is gathered and retained and in which said
recesses or cavities a high state of combustion is set up.
The material for treatment is fed into the kiln by means of one or more feeding
holes in the dome at the top of the kiln. Several eyes being also made say
below this opening for the purpose of assisting in the passage or removal of the
clinker in case it should stick or adhere to the lining of the kiln when it is run
down, that is, allowed to become cold for repairs.
Below the just named eyes and say on ground line, or in any convenient posi-
tion above or below the same, are arranged any desired number of externally
fired furnaces, fitted with grate bars, into which the fuel for heating and com-
bustion purposes is fed and burnt. The heat generated by the combustion of the
fuel is made to pass or travel into the before mentioned recesses or cavities, at
which point the burning or calcining of the cement or other material under
treatment takes place. By this means increased or excessive heat may be
gathered and retained in the recesses or cavities. The topmost layer of the
cement or material under treatment, for the time being is above the top recess
and does not come into direct contact with the full force of heat until it reaches
the body of the kiln, or between the top and bottom recesses or cavities.
The drawhole or grates for drawing out the clinkered material may be
arranged in any convenient position say below bridge line or furnaces, with
a view to the clinkered material cooling before it is drawn from the kiln.
As the clinker is withdrawn from the kiln, fresh cement or material is fed in

page_text: top of kiln through the feeding hole or holes, the whole mass of material
operated upon being thus made to press its way down continually towards the
bottom of the kiln.
This continued movement on the part of the material undergoing the process
of calcination prevents the clinker from hanging up or sticking to lining of
kiln.
The bottom or floor of kiln may be formed so as to incline towards the draw
hole or grate for the purpose of facilitating and enhancing the drawing away or
removal of the clinker, or it may be formed so that the clinker may be drawn
through a grate or any number of gratings as desired.
This invention is applicable to kilns either with attached or separate drying
chambers, and can be adopted when cement is made on the dry or wet process.
Dated this Twenty-third day of November 1897.
Improvements in or relating to Kilns for Burning Cements, Limes,
and other like Substances.
We, WILLIAM JOHNSON and HARRY WALKER, of The Castleton Foundry,
Armley, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to that class of kiln known as the continuous type, and
which are employed for burning cements, limes and like substances, whereby the
substance undergoing the burning or calcining process can be drawn away with-
out stopping the burning or firing of the kiln.
Reference is made to the accompanying sheet of drawings forming part of
our invention.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the said kiln with one cavity or combustion chamber.
Fig. 2 is a plan of same.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line A B.
Fig. 4 is a sectional plan shewing fire furnaces on line CD Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is an elevation of kiln with two cavities or combustion chambers.
Fig. 6 is a vertical section on line JK.
Fig. 7 is a sectional plan on line G H shewing fire furnace.
Fig. 8 is a section plan on line
shewing grate bars and draw holes.
The external shape of the kiln A is similar to the well known bottle kiln,
except that we make the stack dome or chimney B of increased height in order
to give increased draught.
We construct the inside of kiln as shewn at Figs. 3 & 6 with one or more
recesses or circumferential cavities C in which heat is gathered and retained,
thereby a high state of combustion is set up.
The material for treatment is conveyed in any convenient manner along a
tramway or gangway D to feed hole or holes E which are formed in any con-
venient manner above the kiln.
We construct several eyes F around the kiln a suitable distance below the
feed-hole E. The same eyes or openings F are formed for the purpose of assist-
ing in the passage or removal of the clinker in case it should stick or adhere to
the lining A of the kiln A.

page_text: Below the afore named eyes F we arrange any suitable number of firing furnaces
G fitted with grate bars H. The said grate bars are placed in any convenient
position above or below the ground line. The drawing shews the furnaces above the
ground line, but on a line with a staging or gangway H2. The fuel for heating
and combustion purposes is fed into the fire hole G³. The heat generated by the
combustion of the fuel is made to pass or travel into the cavities or recesses C,
at which place the burning or calcining of the cement or other material under
treatment takes place. By this means increased or excessive heat may be gathered
and retained in the recesses or cavities C and C. The topmost layer of cement,
or material under treatment, for the time being is above the top recess C³ Fig. 6
and does not come in direct contact with the full force of heat until it reaches the
body of the kiln or between the top and bottom recesses or cavities.
The draw hole or grates L for drawing out the clinkered material K may be
arranged in any convenient position, say below the bridge line of furnaces, with
a view to the clinkered material K cooling before it is drawn from the kiln.
As the clinker K is withdrawn from the kiln, fresh cement or material is fed
into the feed hole or holes E, the whole mass of material operated upon being
thus made to press its way down continually towards the bottom or draw holes L
of the kiln.
This continual movement on the part of the material undergoing the process of
calcination prevents the clinker K from hanging up or sticking to the lining Aª
of the kiln.
The bottom or floor of the kiln may be formed so as to incline towards the
draw hole or grating L for the purpose of facilitating and enhancing the drawing
away or removal of the clinker K.
According to our invention, this kiln can be constructed either singly, with
its own stack dome or chimney or in rows, or groups and so constructed that each
kiln may communicate with one stack or chimney by suitable flues. In either
case we construct suitable dampers to cach kiln and in such a manner that we
are not compelled to have all the kilns in use at the same time.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. A kiln constructed with furnaces G outside, substantially as herein shewn
and described.
2. A kiln constructed with furnaces G outside, whereby heat or fire is drawn
into cavities, substantially as herein shewn and described.
is
3. A kiln constructed with furnace G and eyes l' outside of kiln whereby firing
easy of access, and thereby causing a higher state of combustion in the cavity C
or cavities C substantially as herein shewn and described.
4. The construction of a lime and cement kiln with the furnaces G and eyes F
formed on the outside of kiln with opening into one or more cavities C & C³
substantially as herein shewn and described.
Dated this 23rd day of August 1898.