IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF VENTI- LATING AND HEATING ROOMS, TURKISH BATHS, HOTHOUSES, AND BUILDINGS OF ALL KINDS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Walton, of No. 335; Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Turkish Bath Builder, and James Moore, of 11, Upper
Berkeley Street, Portman Square, in the said County, Veterinary
Surgeon, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF VENTI-
LATING AND HEATING ROOMS, TURKISH BATHS, HOTHOUSES, AND BUILDINGS OF
ALL KINDS."
Sealed the 21st January 1863, and dated the 28th July 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Walton and James
Moore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 28th July 1862.
We, JOSEPH WALTON, of 335, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Turkish
Bath Builder, and JAMES MOORE, of 11, Upper Berkeley Street, Portman
Square, in the said County, Veterinary Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature
of the sd Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF VENTILATING AND
HEATING ROOMS, TURKISH BATHS, HOTHOUSES, AND BUILDINGS OF ALL KINDS," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention consists of two parts which may be used separately or
together; first, for ventilating; secondly, for heating rooms, carriages, hats,
and buildings of all kinds. When required to beat buildings, we generally
combine our heating arrangements with our arrangements for ventilation.

page_text: The apparatus for carrying off vitiated air from a room or other building
is placed at the ceiling or upper part of the room or building, and is composed
of a conical tube, the larger and lower end of which opens into the room, and
the smaller end either opens directly into the outer atmosphere or communi-
cates with it by a pipe; through this conical tube the vitiated air escapes from
the roon or building; around the conical pipe is a cylindrical pipe of larger
diameter than the bottom of the conical pipe, so that there is an annular space
between the bottom of the conical pipe and the bottom of the cylindrical pipe;
the upper end of the cylindrical pipe also communicates with the outer atmo-
sphere, and as vitiated air passes away from the room through the conical
pipe, fresh air enters the room through the space between the bottom of the
conical pipe and the bottom of the cylindrical pipe.
In order to supply a room, Turkish bath, or other building with heated air,
the following arrangement is employed:-Above a fire-place or furnace is
formed an air chamber, the bottom of which is heated by the firc, and is
formed of fire bricks or tiles, by preference the fire-bricks made of pipe clay.
Air is admitted into this chamber froin other chambers formed at the sides of
the fire-place or furnace, air being admitted into the front of these chambers
from the outer atmosphere; the heated air passes away from the back of the
chamber above the fire-place through a passage or fluc, which conducts it
into the Turkish bath, or into the room or building to be heated, the passage
or flue being by preference conducted beneath the floor of the bath or building,
and openings or gratings are formed in the top of the flue to permit the
heated air to enter the bath or building. Beneath this hot-air flue is con-
ducted the smoke flue of the fire-place or furnace, so that the air in the air
flue is kept heated by the smoke flue, and the top of the smoke flue, which
also forms the bottom of the hot-air flue, is, by preference, formed of the fire-
brick or tile above mentioned. A large body of air will thus be heated and
allowed to enter the room or building, but no portion of the air will at any
time be so highly heated as to partially burn or decompose it, and thus render
it injurious to animal life.

page_text: Builder, and JAMES MOORE, of No. 11, Upper Berkeley Street, Portman
Square, in the said County, Veterinary Surgeon, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Iler
reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto wc,
the said Joseph Walton and James Moore, Her special licence that we, the
said Joseph Walton and James Moore, our exccutors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Joseph Walton and James Moore, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF VENTI-
LATING AND HEATING ROOMS, TURKISH BATHS, HOTHOUSES, AND BUILDINGS OF ALL
KINDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Joseph Walton
an James Moore, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letter Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Walton and James Moore, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Draw-
ings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists of two parts, which may be used separately or
together; first, for ventilating; secondly, for heating rooms, carriages, bats,
and buildings of all kinds. When required to heat buildings we generally
combine our heating arrangements with our arrangements for ventilation.
The apparatus for carrying off vitiated air from a room or other building is
placed at the ceiling or upper part of the room or building, and is composed of
a conical tube, the larger and lower end of which opens into the room, and
the smaller end either opens directly into the outer atmosphere or communi-
cates with it by a pipe; through this conical tube the vitiated air escapes from
the room or building; around the conical pipe is a cylindrical pipe of larger
diameter than the bottom of the conical pipe, so that there is an annular

page_text: space between the bottom of the conical pipe and the bottom of the cylindrical
pipe. The upper end of the cylindrical pipe also communicates with the outer
atmosphere, and as vitiated air passes away from the room through the conical
pipe, fresh air enters the room through the space between the bottom of the
conical pipe and the bottom of the cylindrical pipe.
In order to supply a room, Turkish bath, or other building with heated air,
the following arrangement is employed:-Above a fire-place or furnace is
formed an air chamber, the bottom of which is heated by the fire, and is
formed of fire-bricks or tiles, by preference the fire-bricks made of pipe clay.
Air is admitted into this chamber from other chambers formed at the sides of
the fire-place or furnace, air being admitted into the front of these chambers
from the outer atmosphere; the heated air passes away from the back of the
chamber above the fire-placo through a passage or fluc, which conducts it into
the Turkish bath, or into the room or building to be heated, the passage or
flue being by preference conducted beneath the floor of the bath or building,
and openings or gratings are formed in the top of the flue to permit the heated
air to enter the bath or building. Beneath this hot-air flue is conducted the
smoke flue of the fire-place or furnace, so that the air in the air flue is kept
beated by the smoke flue, and the top of the smoke flue, which also forms the
bottom of the hot-air flue is, by preference, formed of the fire-brick or tile
above mentioned. A large body of air will thus be heated and allowed to enter
the room or building, but no portion of the air will at any time be so highly
heated as to partially burn or decompose it, and thus render it injurious to
animal life.
And in order that our said Invention may be more fully understood, we
shall now proceed particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating similar parts in all the corresponding
Figures.
Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawing, shews one arrangement
of our improved furnace and air chamber, well, or reservoir for heating rooms,
Turkish baths, bot houses, and buildings of all kinds; Figure 2 is a side
elevation of the same; Figure 3 is a longitudinal section taken through the
line A, B, in Figure 1; Figure 4 is a transverse section taken through the
line E, E, in Figure 5; Figure 5 shews a longitudinal section taken through
the line C, D, in Figure 1; Figure 6 shews a sectional plan taken through
the line G, H, in Figures 1 and 3; A is the heating furnace; B, the smoke
Alue conducting to the chimney C; D, the ash-pit: E, the air chamber, well, or

page_text: reservoir; F, F, F3, F', are air passages or chambers communicating with
the air chamber, well, or reservoir E. The air passages or chambers bave
valves, regulators or sliding gratings G, or other suitable means of closing or
adjusting the openings in communication with the fresh or atmospheric air.
It will be readily seen that by the partially opening or closing the said valves,
regulators, or sliding gratings, that the temperature of the air in the air pass-
ages can be raised or lowered to any degree at the pleasure of the attendant.
The air chamber, well, or reservoir E, has also a valve or sliding grating H, by
means of which the temperature of the air in the air chamber, well, or reservoir
can likewise be raised or lowered to any degree required; I, I, I, I, I, are
pipes for connecting or carrying off the heated air from the hot air chamber,
well, or reservoir, to the room or rooms, part or parts, of the building required to
be heated, the aforesaid pipes I, I, I, I, and I, are also provided with valves
or regulators for regulating the admission of the heated air into the room or
rooms required to be heated; by preference we place the valves or regulators in
the floor of the room to be so heated; K, K, and K', represent openings or
apertures to the air chambers or flue communicating with the air chamber,
well, or reservoir to the aforesaid openings or appertures K, K, and K'.
We do not generally fix valves or regulators, but prefer to admit the free
ingress of the atmospheric air into the flues or air chambers F', F, F, F*, so
that should the attendant neglect his duty in any way the atmospheric air has
free ingress to the flues by means of the openings or appertures K, K, and
K', so as to prevent the room or rooms, part or parts of the buildings from
being supplied with radiated heat, in lieu of rarified air. It will be
observed (in Figure 4,) that the arch has the effect of forcing or throwing
the air escaping from any part of the flue or chamber F³, into contact
with all parts of the heating surface, which, in conjunction with the
bridge E' (Figure 3), rarifies the air in the most perfect and effectual
manner and at the same time retains its purity. We wish to observe, in all
cases, that the valves or regulators F, F, F, F, F, can be used, by opening
them, for cooling the air in the room or rooms and buildings; in summer or
hot weather, when no fire is required, the said valves or regulators give a free
ingress of cool or fresh air to the room, rooms, or buildings.
Figure 7 is an elevation shewing one plan of our improved ventilator for
railway and other carriages, hats, and also for buildings of all kinds; Figure 8
is a vertical section, and Figure 9 is a plan of the same. a is the conical
pipe or tube by means of which the hot or vitiated air from the apartment,
building, carriage, room, or hat, is admitted and carried off into the outer

page_text: atmosphere through the small pipes or tubes a', as shewn by the arrows; b is
the outer or cylindrical pipe, of larger diameter, baving a flange c to connect
it to the roof or top of the carriage, or building, or hat; d is the regulator by
means of which the ingress of fresh air into the carriage, building, room, or
hat can be regulated at pleasure, or entirely closed against the outer atmos-
phere; e is a cap or covering to prevent the rain descending through the outer
or cylindrical pipe into the carriage, building, room, or hat; f,f, shews the
openings in the valves or regulators through which the outer atmosphere
passes into the carriage, room, building, or hat.
Figure 10 is a side view, and Figure 11 an end view, showing another
modification of our improved ventilator. a, a, is the conical pipe or tube for
conveying the hot or vitiated air from the apartments, buildings, or rooms,
through the conical pipe or tube a¹ to the outer atmosphere; 6 is the outer
tube or pipe, by means of which the fresh air is admitted through openings in
the regulator or valve c into the apartments, buildings, or rooms; d is a
perforated plato through which the cold air passes, and thence through the
regulator. This ventilator is suspended from the ceiling, at one end by means
of a cord or chain, while the other end is supported in the wall or window,
and can be easily removed if not required. This form of ventilator can be
made a fixture or not, as may be required.
Figure 12 is an elevation of another arrangement of ventilator where the
atmospheric air is not required to be admitted; Figure 13 is a section of the
same. a is the conical pipe or tube which conveys the hot or vitiated air
from the apartments, buildings, or carriages, through the conical pipe or
tube a', as shown by the arrows; b is the outer or cylindrical pipe, of larger
diameter; at the bottom of this outer cylinder there is a lip c, whereby the
outer atmosphere is caused to ascend and facilitate the expulsion of the hot or
vitiated air from the rooms or buildings.
Figure 14 is a transverse vertical section shewing an arrangement of Turkish
bath for houses; Figure 15 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 16 is a
sectional plan of the same taken through the line A, B. a is the furnace or
fire-place; b, the hot-air chamber, well, or reservoir; c is the smoke flue or
flues, which traverse or re-traverse thro' or round the hot room or rooms, or
part of the room or rooms of the Turkish bath, and passes off through the
chimney d; e is the hot-air flue, the air passing in at the front of the furnaco
into the air chamber, well, or reservoir, all round the room or rooms, over the
top of the hot or smoke flue or flues, the top of the hot smoke flue or flues
forming the bottom of the air fluo or flues. By this arrangement the air is

page_text: rarified through the whole distance and let into the room or rooms from
openings in the air flue or flues under the wood gratings, heating and giving
an equal temperature to all parts of the room or rooms of the buildings to
which it is required to be applied. This arrangement, when applied to hot-
houses, will require valves to the openings in order that the temperature in
the different compartments can be raised or lowered as found necessary;
d, d, d, shows the inlets for the atmospheric air into the air flue or flues,
regulated by valves, gratings, or other arrangements, in order to be able to
meet all the requirements of the different temperatures of the outward air;
E, E', E, is a trap connected with a drain pipe on the basement floor under
the wood grating upon which the horse stands, by which the evacuations and
other offensive or unhealthy matters can be washed and carried away without
producing any steam or vapour, as the floor is unconnected with the smoke or
hot air flues. The above arrangement, altho' shewn as applied to a horso
bath, is equally applicable in all respects to Turkish baths of all kinds to a
greater or less extent, as the case may require, combined with the ventilators,
as shewn in Sheet 1 of the Drawings.
Figure 17 represents a fire-place or stove A having a hot-air chamber or
well B placed above the fire-place C, the smoke flue or chimney D passing under
and through the said air chamber or well at E. The fresh air passing in at
the valves or gratings F, F, F, F, F, passes into the air chamber or well B
and becomes rarified, and then passes, by one or more pipes, to the room or
rooms intended to be heated, the said pipe or pipes having regulators or valves
so placed in the floors of the room or rooms to be heated that they can be
opened more or less, according to the temperature required, thus either par-
tially closing the communication from the hot-air chambers or entirely so, as
may be required. Figure 18 shews the same system as Figure 17 adapted to
a kitchen range or stove B. The same letters of reference refer to both
Figures. The fresh or external air is admitted or passes through a pipe or
tube from the outside of the building or room to the air flue and chamber,
which can be regulated at pleasure by means of a valve or regulator.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we would observe in conclusion, that what we consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First, the general construction, arrangement, and combination of furnace, air
chambers, flues, pipes, valves, or regulators, for the purpose of heating Turkish

page_text: baths, hothouses, and buildings of all kinds, as herein-before described and
illustrated by the Drawings.
Secondly, the peculiar construction and arrangement of our improved
ventilator, which can be applied, either seperately or combined, with our
arrangements for heating Turkish baths, hothouses, and buildings of all kinds,
hats, railway or other carriages, and all other constructions required to be
ventilated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Walton, on behalf of myself and
the said James Moore, have hereunto set my hand and seal, the
28th day of January, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
THO. J. BYRNE.
JOSEPH WALTON. (L.B.)