Year: 1885

page_text: I SAMUEL BEAVEN, Mechanical Engineer, residing at Campinas, in the Province
of San Paulo, Brazil, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My complete apparatus for drying coffee, grain, malt, &c, consists of a cylindrical
dryer, a hot-air-furnace and a blower.
The present application has reference only to the dryer of such apparatus which
dryer consists of a horizontal revolving cylinder, supported at one end by friction
rollers or wheels and at the other end by a shaft and pedestal bearing.
In the interior of the cylinder are six tubes of perforated iron or steel, so placed
as to leave a vacant space in the centre of the cylinder through which the hot air
passes and is distributed through the coffee or grain contained in the perforated
tubes.
The cylinder is made either of wooden staves with iron bands or of segments of
sheet iron united by flanges.
The ends of the cylinder are made of a cast-iron skeleton frame with six radial
arms and rings covered with sheet iron or they can be made of wood.
The coffee (when coffee is to be dried) is fed into the tubes from shoots or
hoppers placed over the machine by means of binged valves (one or two in each
tube) opening inwards and is discharged by the same means when it is dry. The
valves open and close automatically by their own weight when the machine is
being filled and are fastened in their open position when the coffee is being
discharged.
When the machine is used for drying grain the process is continuous and not
intermittent as above described when drying coffee. The grain is fed into the
machine at one end and after passing through the tubes leaves in a dry state by
apertures in the other end of the dryer.
When it is desired to apply the continuous process to drying coffee, I cause the
berries to pass first into the end of one of the six tubes and after traversing this
tube they pass through an aperture communicating with the second tube, and after
returning through the second tube they pass into the third tube and so on until°.
they reach the sixth tube from which they are discharged in a dry state.

page_text: The hot air enters at the centre of one end of the cylinder and after passing
through the coffee in the tubes leaves the latter charged with humidity, by
longitudinal aperatures in the outer cylinder, one in front of each tube.
In the interior of the perforated tubes are a number of oblique plates, so placed
as to draw the coffee towards the openings through which it is discharged and
which serve also to agitate it as it passes from one end of the machine to the other
and thus insure its being equally dried.
There are also in the interior of the tubes a number of transverse tie pieces of
hoop-iron, secured between the longitudinal flanges and placed obliquely. These
tie pieces serve the double purpose of bracing the tubes and mixing the coffee
or grain.
For convenience of transport cach tube is divided longitudinally and transversely
so as to form four pieces which are united by flanges and screw bolts.
The cylinder is made to revolve by means of an endless screw geared with a
worm-wheel fixed either to the tube which conducts the hot air into the dryer or
to the shaft at the other end.
The friction wheels are placed either under the rim of the cast-iron piece which
forms the end of the cylinder, or under the tube which conducts the hot air into
the dryer.
The shaft is fitted to, or cast in one piece with the casting with radial arms and
does not pass from one end of the cylinder to the other.
The two ends of the cylinder are tied together by means of screw rods passing
.through the whole length of the machine.
The spaces between the exterior of the tubes are covered by longitudinal boards
held in place and tied together in pairs by means of transverse screw rods.
I use six perforated tubes by preference that being the number which I have
found to give the best results, but I do not confine myself to this number.
I make the tubes of circular, 'oval; or other transverse section or I can divide
the interior of the cylinder into longitudinal compartments by means of double-
walled perforated partitions, the heated air circulating between the partitions in a
similar manner to that in which as hereinbefore described, it circulates between
the tubes.
To distribute the heated air equally in the interior of the dryer, so that the
same temperature shall exist at both extremities, I divide the interior space
between the perforated tubes by three or more transverse divisions, and I conduct.
the hot air into the spaces between these divisions by means of longitudinal tubes
of graduated sizes passing through the centre of the machine.
The first tube is secured at one end to the aperture through which the heated
air enters the dryer, and at the other end to the first transverse division and has
a sectional area one fourth less than the aperture when three divisions are used;
to the end of this tube which is fitted to the transverse division (and through
which it passes) is fitted the second tube of one fourth smaller sectional area than
the first and to the second tube is fitted a third and still smaller tube, which
conducts one fourth of the heated air to the fourth compartment without it having
lost any of its heat in its passage. One fourth of the heated air is thus conducted
to each of the four compartments.
In the aperture through which the heated air enters the dryer I place a disc
valve for regulating the quantity of heated air and for cutting off communication
between the hot-air-furnace and the dryer when the latter is not at work.

page_text: An Improved Machine or Apparatus for Drying Coffee, Grain,
Malt, and the like.
I SAMUEL BEAVEN, Mechanical Engineer, residing at Campinas, in the Province
of San Paulo, Brazil do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My complete apparatus for drying, coffee, grain, malt, &c, consists of a cylindrical
dryer, a hot air furnace and a blower.
The present application has reference only to the dryer of such apparatus which
dryer consists of a horizontal revolving cylinder supported at one end by friction
rollers or wheels and at the other end by a shaft and pedestal bearing as hereinafter
described.
.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe the same
by reference to the accompanying drawing. in which figure 1 represents a side
elevation of a machine or apparatus for drying coffee, grain, malt and the like
constructed according to my invention; figure 2 is a transverse section of the
same on line A B of figure 1; figure 3 is a diagram and figures 4 and 5 detached
sectional views of parts of the machine or apparatus. Figures 1 and 2 are drawn
to a scale of about one inch to a foot and figures 3, 4 and 5 about half an inch to a'
foot. Similar letters in all the figures represent similar parts.
-
In the interior of the cylinder a, are six tubes b, of perforated iron or steel so
placed as to leave a vacant space a¹, in the centre of the cylinder through which
the hot air passes and is distributed through the coffee or grain contained in the
perforated tubes b.
The cylinder a, is made either of wooden staves with iron bands 6', as shewn in
figure 1 or of segments of sheet iron united by flanges.
The ends of the cylinder a, (not shewn in the drawing) are made of a cast' iron
skeleton frame with six radial arms and rings covered with sheet iron; or they
can.be made of wood.
When the drying process is required to be intermittent the coffee (when coffee
is to be dried) is fed into the tubes b, through openings a³, in the cylinder a, from
shoots or hoppers c, (placed over the machine and supported by any suitable incans)
by means of hinged valves d, opening inwards as clearly shewn in the diagrammatic
view at figure 3 one of such valves being shewn in each tube b; (two however of
these valves can be provided in each tube b, if required) the coffee is discharged
from the tubes b, by the same means that is to say, by the valves d, when it has
become dry.. The valves d, open and close automatically by their own weight
when the machine is being filled and are fastened in their open position when the
coffee is being discharged,.
.

page_text: When the machine is used for drying grain the process is continuous and not
intermittent as above described when drying coffee. The grain is fed into the
machine at one end through apertures (not shewn in the drawing) in the end of
the cylinder in front of each tube the apertures being covered by a circular plate
in which is an aperture corresponding to those in the end of the cylinder the plate
being stationary while the machine revolves; the grain after passing through the
tubes b, leaves in a dry state by apertures (not shewn in the drawing) in the other
end of the dryer similar to the apertures just described.
When it is desired to apply the continuous process to drying coffee I cause the
berries to pass first into the end of one of the six tubes b, and after traversing this
tube they pass through an aperture communicating with the second tube and after
returning through the second tube they pass into the third tube and so on until
they reach the sixth tube from which they are discharged in a dry state.
The hot air enters at the centre of one end of the cylinder a, and after passing
through the coffee in the tubes 6, leaves the latter (charged with humidity) by
longitudinal apertures e, in the outer cylinder a, one of such apertures being situated
in front of each tube b.
In the interior of the perforated tubes b, are a number of oblique plates f, shewn
in figure 4 which is a longitudinal section of part of one of the said tubes the
plates f, being so placed as to draw the coffee towards the openings through which
it is discharged; the plates f, serve also to agitate the coffee as it passes from one
end of the machine to the other and thus insures its being equally dried.
There are also in the interior of the tubes b, a number of transverse tie pieces g,
of hoop-iron secured between longitudinal flanges q, on the tubes b, and placed
obliquely therein. These tie pieces g, serve the double purpose of bracing the
tubes b, and mixing the coffee or grain.
For convenience of transport each tube b, is divided longitudinally and trans-
versely so as to form four pieces which are united by the said longitudinal flanges q,
and concentric flanges c¹, and screw bolts 7, as shewn in figure 2.
The cylinder a, is made to revolve by means of an endless screw or worm h,
working in bearings on one of the supports A of the machine and gearing with a
worm wheel i, fixed to a shaft p, at one end of the machine as shewn in figure 1 or
to the tube (not shewn in the drawing) which conducts the hot air into the dryer.
The friction wheels ;, are placed either under the rim k, of the cast-iron piece e¹,
which forms one end of the cylinder a, as shewn, or under the before mentioned
tubes which conducts the hot air into the dryer.
The shaft p, is fitted to or cast in one piece with the casting with radial arms
herein before referred to and does not pass from one end of the cylinder a, to the
other.
The two ends of the cylinder are tied together by means of screw rods (not
shewn in the drawing) passing through the whole length of the machine.
The spaces f¹, between the exterior of the tubes b, are covered by longitudinal
boards, held in place and tied together in pairs by means of transverse screw
rods m, as shown in figure 2.
I use six perforated tubes by preference as shewn that being the number which
I have found to give the best results, but I do not confine myself to this number.
I can make the tubes b, of circular section as illustrated in figure 2 of the
drawing or of oval or other transverse section or I can divide the interior of
the cylinder into longitudinal compartments by means of doubled-walled perforated
partitions, the heated air circulating between the partitions in a similar manner to
that in which as herein before described it circulates between the tubes b.
To distribute the beated air equally in the interior of the dryer so that the same
temperature shall exist at both extremities I divide the interior space a¹, between
the perforated tubes b, by three (or more) transverse divisions n', n³, n³,.(as shewn
in figure 5 which represents a longitudinal section on line C. D. of figure 2) and
I conduct the hot air into the spaces g¹, between these, divisions by means of

page_text: longitudinal tubes o¹, o³, o³, of graduated, sizes passing through the centre of
macbine.
the
The first tube o', is secured at one end to the aperture ³, in the end ², of the
cylinder a, through which aperture the heated air enters 'the dryer and at. the other
end to the first transverse division n³, and has a sectional area one fourth less than
the aperture when three divisions are used; to the end of the tube o' which is
fitted to the transverse division 1, (and through which it passes) is fitted the.
second tube o, of one fourth smaller sectional area than the first tube o¹, and to
the second tube o², is fitted the third and still smaller tube o³, which conducts one
fourth of the heated air to the fourth compartment without it having lost any of
its heat' in its passage. One fourth of the heated air is thus conducted to each
of the four compartments.
In the aperture h¹, through which the heated air enters the dryer I place a disc
valve (not shewn in the drawing) for regulating the quantity of heated air and for
cutting off communication between the hot air furnace and the dryer when the
latter is not at work.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. A horizontal cylindrical dryer provided inside with a number of perforated
tubes of any suitable shape in cross section or with double walled, perforated
longitudinal partitions the material to be dried being contained in the tubes or
longitudinal compartments which are so arranged that an open space is left in the
centre for the circulation of heated air which enters at the centre of one end of
the cylinder, longitudinal apertures being provided in the cylinder one in front
of each tube through which the humid air escapes substantially as herein before
described and represented in the accompanying drawing.
2. A horizontal cylindrical dryer having one end supported by friction wheels-
and the other end by a shaft and pedestal bearing substantially as herein before
described and represented in the accompanying drawing.
3. A tubular dryer having its tubes made in longitudinal halves or segments
united by flanges and screw bolts for convenience of transport substantially as
set forth.
4. A tubular dryer having the external space between the tubes covered by
boards or plates braced together in pairs by transverse screw rods substantially as
herein before described and represented in the accompanying drawing.
5. A cylindrical or tubular dryer having in the interior of the cylinder or of
each tube a number of oblique plates placed at opposite or inverse angles (as
shewn in figure 4 of the accompanying drawing) so as to cause the material to
pass and repass from one end of the cylinder to the other and to draw it towards
the apertures when the contents of the machine are being discharged substantially
as set forth.
6. A tubular dryer having hinged valves opening inwards (one or more in each
tube) for filling and emptying the tubes substantially as hereinbefore described and
represented in the accompanying drawing.
7. A tubular dryer having communication between the tubes so arranged that
the material entering at the end of one tube has to traverse all the tubes before it
leaves the dryer substantially as set forth.
8. A tubular dryer having a device for charging and discharging consisting of an
opening in the end of the cylinder in front of each tube, the openings being covered
by an annular plate in which there is an aperture corresponding to the openings
in the end of the cylinder the plate being stationary while the machine revolves
substantially as set forth.
9. A cylindrical dryer having the interior space where the hot air circulates
divided by a number of transverse divisions the hot air being conducted to each
.

page_text: division by tubes of successively diminishing size in such a manner that each
division or compartment receives an equal quantity of air of the same temperature
substantially as hereinbefore described and represented in figure 5 of the accom-
panying drawing.
10. The combination in a machine for drying coffee, grain, malt for like sub.
stances of any or all of the above claimed arrangements.
Dated the 6th day of Santamba- 7000
G. F. REDFERN,
Agent for the Applicant.