Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 29th July, 1890-Accepted, 20th Sept., 1890
Fig. 6 in rear elevation.
This serves to exactly regulate the speed of the motor, both for the longitudinal
movement of the vessel and its lateral divergences, in exact ratio to the vessel's speed
and at the same time continuously indicates the draught and speed of the vessel for
the. time being.
Fig. 7 is a view to a smaller scale shewing the apparatus Figs. 1, 3 and 5 combined.
Figs. Sand 9 illustrate in front and side elevation respectively, a, modification of
the motor, consisting of an apparatus actuated by spring power, for driving the screw
spindles of the indicator.
Fig. 10 illustrates to a larger scale and in detail, the method of supporting the
chart table to enable it to move freely.
1. THE INDICATOR (Figs. 1, 2, 10 and 7)
consists mainly of a chart table T; it is accurately centred and balanced, is readily
movable, and may be capable of rotary movement, to the end that the chart; lying on
the table, will always be in proper position.
The chart table is made of light material, and its position is controlled by means
of a magnet O attached to the underside. The support of the chart table (which
may be a joint) has it bearing in the arrangement illustrated, in a receptacle Fo
mounted in a guide F¹ in which it is moved in a rearward direction in the longitudinal
axis of the vessel with the table and the chart by the rotary movement of a screw
spindle S, proportionately to the forward movement of the vessel. Clockwork
mechanism U suitably centred hangs above the chart table. The external form of the
clock is that of a sphere with a part of the lower portion removed.
From the centre of this flat portion the hollow shaft of the minute hand f projects
[Price 8d.]

page_text: downwardly it indicates the time by rotating over a glass plate g which is attached
to the said flat portion of the sphere and serves as a dial.
In this hollow shaft of the minute hand there works a pin or striker which is
regulated by an adjustment, and strikes or is caused to touch the chart at desired
intervals say of five, ten or fifteen minutes. It can be placed out of operation when
required. The clockwork is wound up after the manner of an ordinary watch and is
arranged in the apparatus in a way such that the dial faces downwards and is always
parallel to the chart table.
The clockwork is carried by a holder K which is supported in a manner similar io
that in which the chart table is carried but receives its chief motion in a guide F
transversely to the axis of the vessel and being moved by means of the screw spindle S
proportionately to the lateral deviation of the ship in the same direction.
When the chart table in its motion, has arrived near to the end of its path and the
vessel has consequently traversed the course marked upon the chart, this is announced
by the striking of a gong q. The chart is then removed; and replaced by the next
following chart sheet; the nut which serves, when turned down to transform the
rotary motion of the screw into a progressive motion of the table, is turned back; the
chart table is moved forward into the proper position under the pin and the nut w
is turned over into engagement with the screw spindle. Micrometer screws are
employed to effect accurate adjustment of the clockwork and, table.
"
The whole device is fixed in the axial line of the ship upon a table carried by a
frame upon which the motor is also carried.
We consider it advantageous to use a motor actuated by steam, but motors actuated
by electricity, compressed air, explosive substances, spring power and the like may
sometimes. be used.
One cylinder (as shown in the present case the left hand one D) serves to actuate
the screw spindle S¹ for the chart table, and begins to work simultaneously with the
first movement of the ship's propeller, because at that instant the valve is at once
opened and the steam can enter through the pipe Qinto the cylinder D. The flow of
steam is proportionate to the speed of the vessel, being regulated by the arrangement
hereinafter described under the name of governor.
The operation of the motor ceases simultaneously with the complete stoppage of the
vessel itself.
The cylinder E serves to impart rotary motion to the spindle S2 in a right-hand or
in a left hand direction, according as the deviation of the ship takes place to one
side or to the other; the indicating pin o is also correspondingly moved over the
chart to the right or to the left and will mark the chart accordingly.
The cylinders are of dimensions determined according to known formulæ for each
particular case regard being had to the circumstances and data of each vessel.
The transmission of the motion from the cranks kk to the screw spindles S¹ and S
may be effected in any suitable manner. In the arrangement shewn, there is adopted
a system of toothed wheels and endless screws. by means of which the number of
revolutions of the crank which is proportionate to the speed of the vessel, is
reduced to correspond to the scale of the charts. The gearing must vary according
to the various scales of the charts.
=
In ships in which there is no steam power available, there may be employed in
place of each of the two cylinders D and E respectively an apparatus of the kind
illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9. A drum n provided with a ring of teeth, is caused to
rotate by the action of a spring-driven mechanism (similar to that of a clock) and
drives the screw spindle S¹ (S2) with the aid of intermediate wheels. In the drawing
this screw spindle is marked S and may represent either S' or $2. It will be clearly
understood that there must be a spring motor for each of the two screw spindles St
and S in the motor for the screw St the reversing device can be dispensed with..

page_text: In order to effect rotation of the spindle S in one or the other direction, the wheel /
or it may be the wheel is caused to engage with the wheel by suitably manipulating
the rod (which is connected with the cock lever r).
A correspondingly arranged braking device u is connected by means of the lever y
with the governor. The working of the apparatus is regulated by applying the brake
to a greater or less extent. This corresponds to the more or less cutting off of the
steam to the cylinders D and E as hereinafter described. The brake can be of any
other suitable construction, such as for instance, a fly with vanes and adapted to be
regulated by the position of the said vanes.
is based upon the principle of Pilot's tube.“ In this tube the height to which the
water ascends is proportionate to the speed with which the tube moves forward in the
water. The object of the governor is to control the steam supply valves and e of
the respective cylinders in accordance with the height of the water in the tubes A.
and C. In the position of rest the height of the water in all three tubes A B and C
corresponds to the draught this height in the stand pipe B (which dips after the
manner of a fork into the water on either side of the keel) will remain in general
unaltered during the voyage: consequently the level of the water in this tube
constitutes the bases for the whole governor.
In the stand pipe B there works a float with the rod on which are mounted at
suitable heights the collars Go and H°, in which the rods G and H are capable of
moving horizontally, The rod b may also be provided with a scale for enabling the
draught to be read off directly.
A is the course tube; its lower end is divided and bent forward through an angle
of 900, passing through the skin of the vessel on either side of the keel. The height
to which the water ascends within this tube indicates the speed of progression of the
vessel. In this tube there also works a floats with a rod h upon the upper end of
which is mounted the wedge a. This wedge is formed on its tapering edge with a
guide slot which is parallel to the said edge and in this slot works one end of the
rod H.
The wedge is thereby moved up and down-according as the water stands at a
greater or less height, that is to say, as the speed of the vessel increases and
decreases.
One end of the rod H moves in a guide in the parallel guide bar L, and controls
the position of this bar. The bar L moves the bent lever M and the valve rod m. In
consequence of the ascent of the rod h due to an increase in the speed of the vessel,
the valve rod m is drawn downwards. and the valve for steam admission is opened
in the same proportion that the wedge a is moved upwards by the floats in the
course tube A.
If the speed of the ship diminishes, then the floats sinks in the course tube A as
a consequence of the diminished counter pressure of the water, and consequently
the valve is partially closed by the weight of the said wedge. The parallel guide
bar L is formed with a slot of a length corresponding to the entire variation of the
vessel's draught and, it may be, also to the vertical movement caused by the action
of the waves.
The guide bar transmits in a direct manner the movement of the wedge a (or
collar Hº) to the bent lever M and the valve d.
In a similar manner, as herein before described with relation to the forward
movement of the vessel the deviation tube C serves to measure the lateral deviation
of the ship caused for instance by wind and waves. In the tube C is a float z
connected by means of the rod with the wedge c, the connecting rod G, parallel
guide bar N and the bent lever P.
Thus the float acts upon the cylinder E and also upon the indicating pin or
marker o.

page_text: The deviation tube C is divided below the cock R into two branches C and C
laterally bent outwards. The rods of all the floats are guided vertically. Each of
the wedges a and c is provided with a scale which gives the height of the ascending
water, and also gives according to the formula v = √
12 g h
-
constant the speed
of the vessel which can be read off direct from a suitable scale on the valve rods m
and 2.
When the vessel is in a definite current such as the Gulf Stream for instance
which increases or diminishes the resistance to be overcome by the vessels engine,
a suitable correction must be made in the movement of the slide. The direction
and the velocity of the known currents is indicated on the nautical chart by means
of arrows and numbers for each spot, and the slide must be regulated accordingly.
The rod consists of two parts; the lower one m teriminates at its upper end in
a small toothed wheel Z, and the upper is formed at its lower end as a rack m
engaging with Z.
The lower rod m points with its uppermost edge, when the sea is smooth, to
the zero-mark of a scale provided on the upper rod m° and marked with the
plus sign (+) towards the top and with the minus sign (-) towards the bottom
according to the direction of the current.
When a vessel moves with the current, its speed will be increased by the amount of
the speed of the current; the toothed wheel Z is therefore turned (by hand) until the
aforesaid topmost edge of me points on the plus (+) scale to the number corresponding
to the current.
In the case of a contrary current the edge is set in a similar manner to the
corresponding number on the minus (-) scale. A set screw serves to hold the two
parts and m firmly together in the position when adjusted.
A similar operation can be effected by means of the toothed wheel on the valve
rod of the cylinder E, when the ship passes across a current. The holder K may be
provided with a movable scale giving the amount of correction for every direction of
current.
In the tube C below the low water line of the vessel is placed the cock I having
two passages at right angles one to the other; these are usually kept half open.
On wind, storm or high waves &c.. supervening, it may be for instance from the
side C2, the vessel will be driven laterally in the direction of C¹.
This deviation is shown upon the chart table by the indicator which is moved by
means of the spindle S in the direction of this deviation and proportionately to the
same.
For this purpose the reversing lever 70 is set so that the cylinder E of the spindle S
will give the corresponding direction of rotation. The throwing over of " causes a
movement of the cock lever and the cock R is turned in the deviation tube C so
that the passage towards C² is closed, and opened fully towards C¹.
The water rises now in the tube C proportionately to the speed of the deviation and
opens to a corresponding extent the valve for the cylinder E.
Dated this 29th day of Octolu 1980.
T. TANNER.
Per L. W.
E. LUTZ
Per L. W.

page_text: arranged in the apparatus in a way such that the dial faces downwards and is always
parallel to the chart table.
:
The clockwork is carried by a holder K which is supported in a manner similar
to that in which the chart table is carried but receives its chief motion in a guide F
transversely to the axis of the vessel and being moved by means of the screw spindle S
proportionately to the lateral deviation of the ship in the same direction.
When the chart table in its motion, has arrived near to the end of its path and
the vessel has consequently traversed the course marked upon the chart, this is
announced by the striking of a gong 7. The chart is then removed, and replaced by
the next following chart sheet; the nut which serves, when turned down to trans-
form the rotary motion of the screw into a progressive motion of the table, is turned
back out of engagement; the chart table is moved forward into the proper position
under the pin and the nut is turned over into engagement with the screw
spindle. Micrometer screws are employed to effect accurate adjustment of the
clockwork and table.
The whole device is fixed in the axial line of the ship upon a table carried by a
frame upon which the motor is also carried.
2. The motor. (Figs. 3, 4, and 7.)
We consider it advantageous to use a motor actuated by steam, but motors
actuated by electricity, compressed air, explosive substances, spring power, and the
like may sometimes be used.
One cylinder (as shewn in the present case the left hand one 1)) serves to actuate
the screw spindle S for the chart table, and begins to work simultaneously with the
first movement of the ship's propeller, because at that instant the valve is at once
opened and the steam can enter through the pipe Q into the cylinder D. The flow
of steam is proportionate to the speed of the vessel, being regulated by the arrangement
hereinafter described under the name of governor.
The operation of the motor ceases simultaneously with the complete stoppage of
the vessel itself.
The cylinder E serves to impart rotary motion to the spindle $2 in a right hand or
in a left hand direction, according as the deviation of the ship takes place to one side
or to the other; the indicating pin o is also correspondingly moved over the chart to
the right or to the left and will mark the chart accordingly.
The cylinders are of dimensions determined according to known formula for each
particular case regard being had to the circumstances and data of each vessel.
The transmission of the motion from the cranks kk to the screw spindles S¹ and S
may be effected in any suitable manner. In the arrangement shewn, there is adopted
a system of toothed wheels and endless screws. by means of which the numbers of
revolutions of the cranks and which numbers are proportionate to the speed of the
vessel. are reduced to correspond to the scale of the charts. The gearing must vary
according to the various scales of the charts.
In ships, in which there is no steam power, or electricity, or compressed air, or
explosive substance available, there may be employed in place of each of the two
cylinders D and E respectively an apparatus of the kind illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9.
A drum n provided with a ring of teeth. is caused to rotate by the action of a spring-
driven mechanism (similar to that of a clock) and drives the screw spindle S' (S²)
with the aid of intermediate wheels. In the drawing this screw spindle is marked S
and may represent either S or S. It will be clearly understood that there must be
a spring motor for each of the two screw spindles S1 and S2; in the motor for the
screw the reversing device can be dispensed with.
In order to effect rotation of the spindle in one or the other direction, the
wheel or it may be the wheel is caused to engage with the wheel i by
suitably manipulating the rod a (which is connected with the cock-lever Figs. 5
and 6).
A correspondingly arranged braking device
with the governor or the rods m m or p pº.
is connected by means of the lever y
The working of the apparatus is

page_text: regulated by applying the brake to a greater or less extent. This corresponds to
the more or less cutting off of the steam to the cylinders D and E as hereinafter
described. The brake can be of any other suitable construction, such as for
instance, à fly with vanes and adapted to be regulated by the position of the
said vanes.
An arrangement of this kind is shewn in Figs. 8 and 9ª, in side and front
elevation. The fly U* may be mounted on a shaft corresponding to that shewn in
Figs. and 9. The rod y from the governor is connected with the fly in such a
manner that the fly is folded down or together during the greatest speed of the ship,
and is completely opened out whilst the ship is stationary, in which case the fly brings
the clockwork to rest.
For more accurately regulating there may be mounted on a pin or fixed point w³, a
rod with a movable weight, which rod rests on a special brake disc that is
connected with the fly gear; the rod thus influences the resistance by loading the
brake disc.
It is to be understood that the spindles S1 and S2 are each actuated by a motor.
3. The Governor (Figs. 5 6 and 7.) is based upon the principle of Pitot's tube."
In this tube the height to which the water ascends is proportionate to the speed with
which the tube moves forward in the water. The object of the governor is to control
generally the speed of the motor for the indicator, and especially in the case of Figs. 3
and 4 and to control the steam supply valves and eof the respective cylinders in
accordance with the height of the water in the tubes A and C. In the position
of rest the height of the water in all three tubes A B and C corresponds to the
draught; this height in the stand pipe B (which dips after the manner of a fork
into the water on either side of the keel) will remain in general unaltered during the
voyage; consequently the level of the water in this tube constitutes the basis for the
whole governor.
In the stand pipe B there works a float with the rod on which are mounted at
suitable heights the collars G and H. in which the rods G and H are capable of
moving horizontally. The rod & may also be provided with a scale for enabling the
draught to be read off directly.
A is the course tube; its lower end is divided and bent forward through an angle
of 90°, passing through the skin of the vessel on either side of the keel. The height
to which the water ascends within this tube indicates the speed of progression of the
vessel. In this tube there also works a floats with a rod upon the upper end of
which is mounted the wedge a. This wedge is formed on its tapering edge with a
guide slot which is parallel to the said edge and in this slot works one end of
the rod H.
The wedge is thereby moved up and down-according as the water stands at a
greater or less height, that is to say, as the speed of the vessel increases and
decreases.
One end of the rod H moves in a guide in the parallel guide bar L, and controls
the position of this bar. The bar L moves the bent lever M and the valve rod m.
In consequence of the ascent of the rod h due to an increase in the speed of the vessel
the valve rod m is drawn downwards, and the valve for steam admission is opened in
the same proportion that the wedge is moved upwards by the floats in the course
tube A.
If the speed of the ship diminishes, then the floats sinks in the course tube A as a
consequence of the diminished counter pressure of the water, and consequently the
valve is partially closed by the weight of the said wedge. The parallel guide bar L
is formed with a slot of a length corresponding to the entire variation of the vessel's
draught, and it may be, also to the vertical movement caused by the action..of the
waves.
The guide bar transmits in a direct manner the movement of the wedge; a (or
collar H°) to the bent lever M. and. the valve d.
In a similar manner as herein before described with relation to the forward move.
ment of the vessel the deviation tube C serves to measure the lateral deviation of the

page_text: ship caused for instance by wind and waves. In the tube C is a float connected by
means of the rod e¹ with the wedge e, the connecting rod G, parallel guide bar N and
the bent lever l'.
Thus the float acts upon the cylinder E and also upon the indicating pin or
marker o.
The deviation tube C is divided below the cock R into two branches C and C3
laterally bent outwards. The rods of all the floats are guided vertically. Each of the
wedges and is provided with a scale which gives the height of the ascending water,
E
and also gives according to the formula 2=
2
E
constant the speed of
the vessel which can be read off direct from a suitable scale on the valve rods m
and
"When the vessel is in a definite current such as the Gulf Stream for instance
which increases or diminishes the resistance to be overcome by the vessel's engines, a
suitable correction must be made in the movement of the slide. The direction and
the velocity of the known currents is indicated on the nautical chart by means of arrows
and numbers for each spot, and the slide must be regulated accordingly. The rod m
consists of two parts; the lower one m terminates at its upper end in a small
toothed wheel Z, and the upper is formed at its lower end as a rack m engaging
with Z.
The lower rod in points with its uppermost edge when the sea is smooth, to
the zero-mark of a scale provided on the upper rod m and marked with the plus
sign (+) towards the top and with the minus sign (-) towards the bottom, according
to the direction of the current.
When a vessel moves with the current. its speed will be increased by the amount of
the speed of the current; the toothed wheel 7% is therefore turned (by hand) until the
aforesaid topmost edge of m points on the plus (+) scale to the number corresponding
to the current.
In the case of a contrary current the edge is set in a similar manner to the
corresponding number on the minus (-) scale. A set screw serves to hold the two
parts and m firmly together in the position when adjusted.
A similar operation can be effected by means of the toothed wheel on the valve
rod of the cylinder E. when the ship passes across a current.
The holder K may
be provided with a movable scale giving the amount of correction for every
direction of current.
In the tube C below the low water line of the vessel is placed the cock R having
two passages at right angles one to the other; these are usually kept half open.
On wind, storm or high waves &c., supervening, it may be for instance from the
side C, the vessel will be driven laterally in the direction of C¹.
This deviation is shewn upon the chart table by the indicator which is moved by
means of the spindle S in the direction of this deviation and proportionately to the
same.
For this purpose the reversing lever 70 is set so that the cylinder E of the spindle S³
will give the corresponding direction of rotation. The throwing over of " causes a
movement of the cock lever r and the cock R is turned in the deviation tube C so
that the passage towards C2 is closed, and fully opened towards C¹.
The water rises now in the tube C proportionately to the speed of the deviation and
opens to a corresponding extent the valve for the cylinder E.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. Apparatus for indicating the position of a vessel at sea, comprising Pitot's
tubes, each provided with a piston, float or other suitable means for indicating the
water level, and governing and indicating devices substantially as described.

page_text: 2. In apparatus such as referred to in the preceding claim, a Pitot tube with fork-
shaped extremities dipping into the water at each side of the vessel, substantially as.
described and for the purpose specified..
3. In apparatus such as referred to in claim 1, the combination of the tube C whose
forked-shaped extremities dip externally into the water on both sides of the keel, with a.
cock R which when desired can be operated from above by means of rods and levers
for the purpose of shutting off the action of stormy waves.
4. In apparatus of the kind referred to in claim 1 the use of a Pitot tube, provided
with a piston float or suitable means for indicating the water level and actuating the
valve gear of motors which act upon spindles that set a chart table or indicator in.
motion substantially as described.
5. In. an apparatus such as referred to in claim 1, a tube opening into, the water
outside the ship, the water pressure in which tube is transmitted by rods to a.
wedge piece'a, the rise or fall of which acts upon rods in a lateral direction, for the
purpose specified.
6. In apparatus such as referred to in claim 1. a.tube opening into the water
outside the vessel, the water pressure in which tube is transmitted by rods to a wedge-
piece, the rise or fall of which is transmitted by rods and levers to a governing closure.
device substantially as described.
7. In apparatus such as referred to in claim I a tube B with a double vertical
opening into the water and which indicates in a vertical direction the water level by
pistons and rods, and by means of the rod b forms guides G and H for the rods G.
and H, which serve to transmit the movements produced by the variations of the.
water level that occur in the tubes referred to in claim 1.
S. In apparatus such as referred to in claim 1, the combination of the tube A with
the piston or floats, the rods with the guided slot-wedge piece a the tube C with the
piston or float z, the rods c¹ with guided slot-wedge pieces c the tube B with the
piston or float v. the rods b. provided with guides G° and H, for the rods G and H
which are guided in the wedge slots, the lateral movement of the said rods G and H,
resulting from the water pressures in the tubes A and C, being transmitted by means
of levers to governing devices such as, for example, and c.
9. In apparatus for indicating the progressive motion of a vessel, a motor the speed
of which is proportionate to that of the ship and is relatively transmitted to a chart
table.
10. In apparatus for indicating the lateral deviations of a vessel, a motor the speed
of which is proportionate to the lateral deviations and is relatively transmitted to a
chart table.
11. In apparatus for indicating the motion or course of a vessel the combination of
a Pitot tube with a motor in such a manner that the water level in the Pitot tube
shall proportionately influence the speed of the motor.
12. In a vessel Pitot tubes opening forward, on both sides, and also directly
downwards, in combination with a motor for recording the direct course of the vessel,
and with a motor for shewing the lateral deviations, which motors are dependent as
regards their speed, on the water levels of the said Pitot tubes.
13. In apparatus such as referred to in Claim 1. the use as an adjusting device, of
the divided, extensible regulating rod mm² or p p.
14. For indicating the combined movements of a vessel on a chart a motor
whose speed is proportionate to the forward movement or movement in the course
of the ship, in combination with a motor provided with a reversing device, the
speed of the last mentioned motor being proportional to the lateral deviation of the
ship.
15. In apparatus such as referred to in claim 1 a spring motor (employed as a
substitute or modification of the steam motor) having the adjusting device m" or ", or
it may be mm or 2.7", in combination with a rod y and a fan-like fly for regulating
the speed of the spring motor.
16. In apparatus such as referred to in claim 1, the fan-like fly connected with
the adjusting device, in combination with a breaking device (such as u' u n²) capable

page_text: of being regulated, which when the fly is completely opened out brings the spring
motor to rest.
17. In apparatus of the kind referred to in claim 1 a balanced chart table floating
on a liquid which table is provided with a magnet, in order to indicate a point
constantly in a particular direction.
IS. In apparatus of the kind referred to in claim 1. the combination with a pin O
as a relatively fixed point, of a balanced chart table, attracted in the direction of the
pole, for indicating the position of the vessel on the chart.
19. In apparatus of the kind referred to in claim 1, the balanced indicator arm K
capable of being moved perpendicularly to the movement of the chart table, which
indicator arm, in the case of lateral deviation from the course of the vessel, moves
proportionately to this deviation and in the same direction, and thereby marks the
deviation on the chart.
20. In apparatus of the kind referred to in claim 1, the indicator clock U freely
suspended over the chart, and which is provided in addition to its arrangement for
indicating the time, with a pin constantly directed perpendicularly to the chart said
pin being capable of moving forwards or downwards at certain intervals.
21. In apparatus of the kind referred to in claim 1, the chart table T capable of
being moved in one direction by means of a motor (whose speed is in a certain pro-
portion to that of the ship) in combination with an indicator arm K which is capable
of being moved perpendicularly to the direction aforesaid, and whose motion (capable
of being reversed) is also in a certain proportion to the lateral deviations of the ship.
the arm K carrying a clock U whose dial is constantly parallel to the chart table and
by which a striker pin O is guided perpendicularly to the chart.
T. TANNER.
By L. W., Per F. B.
E. LUTZ.
By L W., Per F, B,.