IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH CALENDERS USED IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Griffith Brewer, of 89, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention -of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH CALENDERS USED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF PAPER."-A communication from abroad by the Baron
Eugen Ritter von Zahony, of Podgora, in the Empire of Austria.
--
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Griffith Brewer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th September 1873.
I, EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of '89, Chancery Lane, in-the County
of Middlesex, -Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH CALENDERS USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," (a communication to me from abroad by the
Baron Eugen Ritter von Zahony, of Podgora, in the Empire of Austria,)
to be as follows :—

page_text: of calendering, to pass from roller to roller by automatic or mechanical
means, all as herein-after described, thus doing away with manual
labour, hitherto usually employed for such purpose.
In a machine with three cast-iron rollers and two paper rollers two
girls are by these improvements enabled to do nearly double the work
compared with what the five girls now employed for such machines can
do in the same time.
.
The improvements are as follows:-Opposite the table, which is on
the level of the bottom of the top iron roller, two or more scrapers
(according to the width of the paper) are arranged in such a way as to
scrape the paper off the top iron roller if it should adhere to it after
having passed through between the said top iron roller and the top
paper roller. These scrapers are advantageously made of watch spring
steel, and are so attached to a lever jointed to a cross bar as to be easily.
adjusted to the right tension against the iron roller by shifting the:
scraper one way or the other. The cross bar is fixed to the framework
of the machine. A spring keeps the lever with its scraper up against
the top fron roller. To the same cross bar two or more brass guide wires
are attached, which are curved against the back of the top paper roller
so as to leave a space for the paper to be guided down and to enter
between the top paper roller and the second iron roller. In front, at this
level scrapër, contrivances similar to those just described are arranged, in
order to prevent a possible adhesion to the upper paper roller after
having passed through between the same and the second iron roller.
Brass guide wires, similar to those just described, cause the paper to be
carried down to the bottom of the second iron roller. Passing through
between the latter and the next following or second paper roller, the
paper is at the back, by similar scraper and guide arrangements, caused
to pass down and enter between the second paper roller and the third or
bottom iron roller. Similar scraper and guide arrangements in front at ;
this place cause the paper to be carried down between the bottom iron
roller and a small friction roller suspended in weighted levers, scrapers
at the back preventing adhesion to the bottom iron roller. The paper
then passes on to the bottom table.
In order to ensure equal glace on both sides of the paper, the paper
rollers are made of paper made especially for this purpose, and pressed

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Griffith Brewer in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th February 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
GRIFFITH BREWER, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, Her
special licence that I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Griffith
Brewer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH CALENDERS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER," (a communication to me from abroad by the Baron Eugen
Ritter von Zahony, of Podgora, in the Empire of Austria,) upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention; and in what manner the
same was to be performed; and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters. Patent.
NOW KNOW
that T. the said Edward Griffith Brewer, do hereby

page_text: means, all as herein-after described, thus doing away with manual
labour, hitherto usually employed for such purpose.
In a machine with three cast-iron rollers and two paper rollers two
girls are by these improvements enabled to do nearly double the work
compared with what the five girls now employed for such machines can
dò in the same time.
By these improvements one girl puts the paper which is to receive the
glaze (satinage) in between the two top rollers; the paper then passes
automatically between the other rollers till it falls out on a table from
between the two bottom rollers as perfectly glaced paper. The other
girl is used for adjusting any sheets of paper that may not find their
proper place on the receiving table, as also for attending to the machine
generally.
The whole mechanism is on the annexed Drawing shewn applied to the
five calenders rollers A, B, C, D, and E.
The paper is first placed on the feeding table T; the girl then puts it
in between the iron roller A and the paper roller B; it then passes
through to a. Should it however stick to the roller A it will be detached
therefrom by the steel scrapers, and pass along the brass wires m, by
means of which it is guided so as to pass between the rollers B and C.
On issuing at 6, and if adhering to the roller B, the steel scraper 8¹ will
detach it therefrom. It will then pass along the brass wires m³ and
enter between the rollers C and D, and so on till it at last issues from
between the iron roller E and the small iron roller F at the point e; the
scraper 8º then ensures its falling on to the table t.
The small iron roller F receives motion by frictional contact with the
roller E being pressed against it by a weighted lever H.
K is a joint; is a spring made of watch spring steel, and tends to
hold the steel scraper n in tension. The scraper n is fixed by means of
a screw on the sliding ring or collar o, and can thus be regulated in its
position, thus giving more or less tension. The iron bars f¹, fƒ, which
are fastened on to the framework of the machine, are perforated, in order
to be able to shift the scraper and guide brass wires according to the
width of the paper to be glazed. According to the width of the paper,
two to four such scrapers and guide wires side by side are used for each
roller. The guide wires may be about 1 or ¼ of an inch thick.

page_text: A man in the trade might raise the objection that paper glazed in this
manner will not receive the same glaze (satinage) on both sides, as one
side of the paper is in contact with the iron rollers only, while the other
is in contact with the paper rollers only. The inventor has however
overcome this difficulty thereby, that the paper for the paper rollers is
specially prepared and put on with a larger pressure than heretofore usual;
the paper rollers thus become harder and give the paper to be treated a
glace equal to that which the iron rollers impart.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First. The passing of paper during the process of calendering from
roller to roller by automatic or mechanical means, and thus dispensing
with manual labour heretofore used for the purpose, substantially as
described and illustrated with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The construction and employment of machinery or appliances
consisting of scrapers made of watch spring steel and brass guide wires
or their equivalents, substantially in manner and for the purposes
described.
Third. The construction and employment of paper rollers in calen-
dering machines, substantially as and for the purposes described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, have here-