IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAPER MAKING MATERIALS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bryer Nation of 4 Cambridge Terrace Harlesden
Green in the County of Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WASHING APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAPER MAKING
MATERIALS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bryer Nation at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1882.
WILLIAM BRYER NATION of 4 Cambridge Terrace Harlesden Green in the
County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR
THE TREATMENT OF PAPER MAKING MATERIALS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
"
.
This invention has for its object improvements in washing apparatus suitable
for the treatment of paper making materials and for other purposes.
The washer which I employ consists of a rectangular trough having a rounded
bottom. Into this the materials to be washed, together with the washing liquid,
are placed.
An axis with arms standing out from it radially and diametrically opposite,
passes along the middle of the trough. Motion is given to the axis when it is
required to agitate the contents of the trough. The bearings of the axis are
capable of being raised and lowered by screws or equivalent means and when the
washing has been continued for a sufficient time a grating is laid into the vessel so
as to rest upon its contents. The axis and arms are then forced down upon the
grating and in this way the material is pressed free from liquid. The liquid can
then be readily drawn off.
When reducing such a material as horse dung to a state suited for the manu-
facture of paper, after it has been boiled and bleached it is necessary to submit it
to a washing operation in order to separate the heavier impurities. For this
purpose I employ a circular vat and in the centre of the vat there is a vertical axis
carrying, near its lower end, a disc nearly equal in diameter to the bottom of the

page_text: vat. In the face of the disc there are recesses into which boxes are placed to
receive the impurities.
There are also fixed radial partitions in the vat and these at their lower ends
are provided with india rubber lips which come into contact with the surface of
the disc. The rotation of the disc keeps the contents of the vat agitated but
nevertheless the heavy impurities settle down and they are swept by the india
rubber lips upon the partitions into the receiving boxes which the disc carries.
These are lifted out and emptied from time to time. The purified pulp is also
removed without emptying the vat; after the motion has been stopped boxes are
placed in the vat and into these the pulp deposits. The boxes are then lifted out.
The arrangement may be varied by inserting the boxes for the impurities into
the bottom of the vat and mounting the radial partitions upon the revolving axis,
but I prefer the form previously described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Bryer Nation in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th March 1883.
WILLIAM BRYER NATION of 4 Cambridge Terrace Harlesden Green in the
County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR
THE TREATMENT OF PAPER MAKING MATERIALS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in washing apparatus suitable
for the treatment of paper making materials and for other purposes.
The washer which I employ consists of a rectangular trough having a rounded
bottom. Into this the materials to be washed, together with the washing liquid
are placed.
An axis with arms standing out from it radially, and diametrically opposite,
passes along the middle of the trough. Motion is given to the axis when it is
required to agitate the contents of the trough. The bearings of the axis are
capable of being raised and lowered by screws or equivalent means and when the
washing has been continued for a sufficient time a grating is laid into the vessel so
as to rest upon its contents. The axis and arms are then forced down upon the
gratings, and in this way the material is pressed free from liquid. The liquid can
then be readily drawn off,
When reducing such a material as horse dung to a state suited for the manu-
facture of paper, after it has been boiled and bleached it is necessary to submit it
to a washing operation in order to separate the heavier impurities. For this
purpose I employ a circular vat and in the centre of the vat there is a vertical axis
carrying, near its lower end, a disc nearly equal in diameter to the bottom of the
vat. In the face of the disc there are recesses into which boxes are placed to
receive the impurities.
There are also fixed radial partitions in the vat and these at their lower ends are
provided with india rubber lips which come into contact with the surface of the
disc. The rotation of the disc keeps the contents of the vat agitated but never-
theless the heavy impurities settle down and they are swept by the india rubber
lips upon the partitions into the receiving boxes which the disc carries. These are
lifted out and emptied from time to time. The purified pulp is also removed
without emptying the vat; after the motion has been stopped boxes are placed in
the vat and into these the pulp deposits, the boxes are then lifted out.
The arrangement may be varied by inserting the boxes for the impurities into
the bottom of the vat and mounting the radial partitions upon the revolving axis,
but I prefer the form previously described.
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a transverse vertical section and Figure 2 is a part longitudinal
section of washing apparatus constructed according to my Invention.
a a is a rectangular trough of any convenient length, it has a rounded bottom
and the axis b passes along it from end to end. cc are stirring arms mounted on
the axis at convenient distances apart. d-d are bearings in which the axis bis
carried. The bearings d d are supported on screws e e and by turning these screws
the bearing and the axis can be lowered in the vat. In the drawing the axis is
represented in its upper position and then a spur wheel ƒ upon it gears with a
driving pinion g by which motion is given to the stirrer,

page_text: Figure 3 is a plan of one of a series of gratings employed when the washing is
complete in pressing out the liquid to admit of its being run off.
The gratings are inserted on either side of the axis beneath the arms cc so as
completely to cover the contents of the vat. The screws e e are then turned and
the gratings forced down on the material so as to squeeze out the liquid which may
then be run off.
Figure 4 is a vertical section and Figure 5 is a plan of another washing apparatus
constructed according to my Invention.
g is a circular vat in the centre of which is a vertical axis h.
This axis is rotated by any convenient means and it carries a disc i.
kk are trough like receptacles which fit into openings in the face of the disc
and which can readily be lifted out when desired. are partitions fixed to the
side of the vat and provided on the lower edge with a lip of vulcanised india
rubber. The material to be washed is agitated in water contained in the tank
whilst the axis slowly revolves. The heavier impurities settle on to the disc and
are swept by the lips into the troughs . The disc may be stopped for a time to
facilitate the deposition of the impurities and then started again to cause them to
be swept into the troughs. The troughs are lifted out and emptied from time to
time.
As before mentioned the arrangement may be varied by putting the troughs k
in the bottom of the vat and mounting partitions with flexible lips on the
revolving axis.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of another modification. m is a rectangular
vat with recesses n in the bottom to receive troughs similar to the troughs k. o is
a moveable frame in the trough with a flexible lip o' at its lower edge. The
material to be washed is agitated in the vat and from time to time the frame o is
passed along to sweep the heavier impurities which have settled to the bottom
into the troughs. The troughs are removed and emptied from time to time.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same I would have it understood that I claim:-
First. Washing apparatus substantially as described in respect to Figures 1, 2
and 3 of the annexed drawings.
Second. Washing apparatus substantially as described in respect to Figures 4, 5
and 6 of the annexed drawings.
Third. Washing apparatus consisting of vats with moveable troughs let into a
surface upon which the heavier matters settle and with scrapers or instruments
passing over such surface and sweeping the deposit into the troughs substantially
as described.
In witness whereof I the said William Bryer Nation have hereunto set my
hand and seal this fifth day of March in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
W. B. NATION (L.S.)