IMPROVE- MENTS IN WATER HEATERS FOR BATHS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1884

page_text: I JOHN KIRKALDY, of 40 West India Dock Road Poplar in the County of
Middlesex Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATER HEATERS FOR BATHS AND OTHER PURPOSES" to be as follows:-
According to this Invention I construct a water heater of an upright coil of pipe
terminating at its lower end in an enlarged conical coil. The conical coil with the
cylindrical coil rising upwards from it I surround externally with a hollow metal
casing. At the bottom of the coil I place a gas burner-preferably I form this
burner of two or more concentric rings one above the other at a distance apart and
with the upper rings smaller in diameter than the rings below them so as to form a
cone corresponding to the cone of the conical coil of the water pipe--but burners of
other form may be employed. From the top of the casing a small pipe may be led
away to carry off the products of combustion arising from the gas burner.
The upper end of the coil is coupled to a water supply pipe the lower end of the
coil is made to open into the bottom of the water casing and an outlet pipe is led
off from the top of this casing.
When the burner is lighted and the water supply is turned on to the coil the
water is heated not only on its downward passage through the coil but also
subsequently as it passes upwards through the water casing before it passes off by
the overflow or outlet passage. The exterior of the water casing may be surrounded
by a cylindrical casing of the same diameter as the bottom of the cone so as to form
an air space around the water casing to avoid loss of heat.
The coil of pipe I form preferably of a solid drawn longitudinal corrugated tube
but it might be of other form of tube either brazed or solid drawn.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: "
I JOHN KIRKALDY of 40 West India Dock Road Poplar in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATER HEATERS FOR BATHS AND OTHER PURPOSES and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
According to this Invention I construct a water heater of an upright water jacket
and with a coil or coils of pipe within the space surrounded by this jacket. The
lower ends of the pipes I make to open into the lower end of the water jacket and
I provide an outlet from the upper end of the jacket so that water supplied to the
top of the pipe or pipes may first pass downwards through the pipes and then
upwards through the jacket before passing off by the outlet. Or the water might
first be admitted to the top of the jacket and be led off from the top of the coiled
pipe.
At the bottom of the space surrounded by the water jacket is placed a gas or
other burner and the products of combustion are allowed to escape or are led away
from the top of this space. Preferably I construct the heater in the manner shewn
at Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed but the precise form of the heater may be
varied. Examples of varied forms of the heater are shown in the other figures of
the drawings.
In Figure 1 which is a vertical section of the heater AA is a gas burner composed
of four perforated rings arranged one over the other as a cone but the construction
of this burner may be varied. B is a coiled pipe; the coil is cylindrical at the
upper part and conical below conforming to the structure of the gas burner.
The lower end of the coil is connected with the double casing or water jacket C.
An outer jacket D may in addition be applied to avoid loss of heat. The water to
be heated enters at the top of the coil at B. At B2 it enters the casing C and at
C it overflows into the bath or other receptacle. The quantity of water passing is
regulated by a cock above the inlet B¹ so that it may be delivered at C¹ at the
temperature desired.
When the burner is lighted and the water supply is turned on to the coil the
water is heated not only on its downward passage through the coil but also
subsequently as it passes upwards through the water casing before it passes off by
the overflow or outlet passage C'.
A tube serving as a chimney may be placed above the top of the water casing to
convey away the products of combustion from the gas burner.
Figure 1 shows a side elevation one half in section of a modified form of the
above heater. In this modification the cylindrical upright portion of the outer water
casing C is done away with and the upper end of the coil or coils are made to open
into a hollow cover B* which covers over the top of the central opening formed
through the summit of the water casing C. A small opening is left between the
water casing C and the cover B* for the products of combustion from the gas
burner to pass away.
With this modification I prefer that the water to be heated should be admitted to
the top of the water casing C by a water inlet C' and pass off from the cover B*
by the outlet B'. The gas burner A is a burner for burning an admixture of
gas and air and is of ordinary construction. Cx is a perforated sheet metal casing
below the bottom of the water jacket C.
Figures 2 and 3 show a vertical section and horizontal section of another form of
the water heater, in which in place of a single coiled pipe being contained within

page_text: the space surrounded by the water casing, there are a number of smaller coils
arranged parallel one to the other.
In the Drawing the coils are shewn to be alternately right and left handed so
that they may interlock one with the other, and allow of a greater number of coils
being used.
With this heater the cover to the upper end of the water casing is shewn as being
formed of another water casing, through which water is led from the inlet B₁ to the
upper end of the several coils. The lower ends of the coils all open into the lower
end of the water casing C and an outlet C' is provided from the upper end of this
casing as described with reference to the heater shown at Figure 1.
Any desired form of gas or other burner may be placed at the bottom of the
space enclosed by the water casing C and the products of combustion are allowed
to escape or are led away through a narrow space left between the top of the water
casing and the water casing which forms the cover is shown at Figure 2.
Another similar modification of the heater is shewn at Figures 4 and 5. Figure 4
being a vertical section and Figure 5 a horizontal section.
This modification differs only from that shown at Figures 2 and 3 in the form of
its various parts.
Another modification of the heater is shown at Figures 6 and 7. Figure 6 being
a side elevation partly in section, and Figure 7 a cross section of the heater.
In this modification the outer water jacket of the heater is made of an arched
form with closed ends, the coils of the pipe B pass horizontally from one end of it
to the other.
A transverse division is made in the water casing at its centre.
On one side of this division is a water inlet supply pipe and on the other a water
outlet. The water entering by the water inlet passes through one half of the water
jacket before it arrives at the outlet.
Along the bottom of the space covered over by the water casing Care burners A A
adapted for burning a mixture of gas and air.
Another modification of the heater is shown at Figures 8 and 9: Figure 8 is a
side elevation one half in section and Figure 9 a partial cross section. In these
figures C is the outer water casing. B are the coils of pipe contained in the space
enclosed by the water casing. A A the burners adapted for burning a mixture of
gas and air. B¹ the inlet for cold water, and C outlet for hot water.
The arrows shew the course taken by the water in its passage through the
heater.
It will be seen that the outer water casing C is divided into three compartments
by two horizontal divisions C⭑*.
The water enters the lower part of the casing C at one of its ends through the
inlet B¹, and passes through from the lower row of tubes B to the other end of the
casing, then back again through the next row of tubes B, and so on until it arrives
at the outlet C¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. The construction of water heaters for baths and other purposes of a water
jacket surrounding a coil or coils of pipes and connected with them in such manner
that the water to be heated has first to pass through the coil or coils of pipe and
afterwards through the water jacket, or first through the jacket and then through
the coil or coils before it can escape from the hot water outlet.
Second. The construction of heaters for heating water and other liquids
substantially as described with reference to Figures 1 and 1* of the drawings
hereunto annexed.
Third. The construction of heaters for heating water and other liqui
substantially as described with reference to Figures 2 and 3 of the drawings
annexed,

page_text: Fourth. The construction of heaters for heating water and other liquids
substantially as described with reference to Figures 4 and 5 of the drawings
annexed.
Fifth. The construction of heaters for heating water and other liquids
substantially as described with reference to Figures 6 and 7 of the drawings
annexed.
Sixth. The construction of heaters for heating water and other liquids
substantially as described with reference to Figures 8 and 9 of the drawings
annexed.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant,