Improvements in Pumps for Surgical and other Purposes.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Sept., 1883
Complete Specification Left, 3rd June, 1859-Accepted, 31st Aug., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pumps for Surgical and other Purposes.
I, CHARLES HENRY TRUAX of 75/77 Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, in the
United States of America, Surgical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to that class of pumps in which an elastic tube is arranged
within a cylindrical case and operated upon by suitable mechanism to cause a flow of
liquid or fluid within such tube.
Such a pump is suitable for the transfusion of blood, or as a stomach pump or
aspirator or for general purposes for which pumps are at present used in surgery or
otherwise and the object of the improvements is to render the same more commodious
and simple in use, more easily cleaned and generally more fit for the various purposes
for which it may be used.
In these pumps pressure is applied to the tube by means of a travelling roller
moved along the tube with more or less compression. If the tube is loose in its
cylindrical case, the pressure of the roller tends to move the tube in the case and
gradually eject it lengthwise therefrom whoreby the arrangement of the apparatus is
disturbed and its use as a pump rendered more or less inefficient. The tube has
therefore been generally cemented in its case, this however prevents its withdrawal
when necessary for instance for cleaning. To hold the tube securely and yet so that
it may be readily detachable I provide on the case, preferably near to the slots through
which the ends of the tube project, suitable clips to hold the tube by superficial friction
without unduly compressing the same. Such clips may be circular or rectangular in
cross-section, be formed of more or less clastic sheet metal and be slit along their
whole or part of their length for springing them open for releasing or inserting the
tube, or they may not be slit for their whole length.
To adjust the pressure of the roller, I support the latter on a fork or frame pivoted
or otherwise connected to an arm, frame or construction supported on a rotary arbor
in the centre of the cylindrical case of the pump. A spring or springs are combined
in the construction in such a manner that the roller may be moved by pressure to a
greater distance from the arbor and will normally be held by said spring or springs
at its nearest distance from the arbor, that is to say free from the tube in the case.
To adjust the distance of the roller from the arbor, I have provided on the latter a
rotary graduated cam adapted to bear on the frame or the equivalent thereof which
directly supports the roller. As a graduated cam is intended a cam having around
its circumference a sequence of faces each at a greater distance than the one preceding
it. A suitable lever or handle is provided for turning this cam.
The framework supporting the roller from its nature prevents the roller from occupying
the full breadth of the casing so that the tube is apt to slip laterally and become
pressed under the edge of the roller. To prevent this and to hold the tube centrally
under the roller I may curve the ends of the cylindrical case so that the cylinder
itself may not be of much greater breadth than the length of the roller, or I may
provide on the inner sides of the cylinder ends annullar inclined flanges or rein-
forcements having the same effect; or I may arrange on the arbor or framework
a shield extending around a large arc of the circle leaving only a free space for
the roller, said shield being flanged outward at its edges to form a hollow guard
moving over the tube and preventing the lateral shifting of the same.
To fasten such pump securely when in use, I have provided a clamp of peculiar
construction. It consists of a fixed upper jaw, a connecting pillar and a fixed lower
jaw all integral, and a screw spindle with disc and thumb head, traversing said
under jaw. On the upper jaw are a couple of lateral grooves and similar grooves

page_text: are made on the pillar. On the pump are parallel rails or shears adapted to be
slid upon the upper jaw or upon the pillar aforesaid.--Such clamp may be fixed
in any convenient position and the pump will then be fastened thereon by sliding
the shears into the grooves in the jaw or pillar according to which position will be
most convenient at the time.
Dated this 1st day of September 1888
HERBERT & Co.,
Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pumps for Surgical and other Purposes.
I CHARLES HENBY TRUAX of 75/77. Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois in the
United States of America, Surgical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to he particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement
:-
This invention relates to that class of pumps in which an elastic tube is arranged
within a cylindrical case and operated upon by suitable mechanism to cause a flow of
liquid or fluid within such tube.
According to its size and strength such a pump is suitable for the transfusion of
blood or as a stomach pump or aspirator or for general purposes for which pumps are
at present used in surgery or otherwise and the object of the improvement is to render
the same more commodious and simple in use, more easily cleansed and generally
more fit for the various purposes for which it may be used.
In these pumps, pressure is applied to the tube by means of a travelling roller
moved along the tube with more or less compression. If the tube is loose in its
cylindrical case, the pressure of the roller tends to move the tube in the case and
generally eject it lengthwise therefrom whereby the arrangement of the apparatus is
disturbed and its use as a pump rendered more or less inefficient.
The tube has therefore been generally cemented in its case, this however prevents
its withdrawal when necessary for instance for cleaning. To hold the tube securely
and yet so that it may be readily detachable I provide on the case preferably near to
the slots through which the ends of the tube project, suitable clips to hold the tube
by superficial friction without unduly compressing the same. Such clips may be
circular or rectangular in cross section, be formed of more or less elastic sheet metal
and be slit along the whole or part of their length for springing them open for
releasing or inserting the tube or they may not be slit for their whole length.
To adjust the pressure of the roller I support the latter on a fork or frame, pivoted
or otherwise connected to an arm frame or construction supported on a rotary arbor
in the centre of the cylindrical case of the pump. A spring or springs are combined
in the construction in such a manner that the roller may be moved by pressure to a
greater distance from the arbor and will normally be held by said spring or springs
at its nearest distance from the arbor, that is to say free from the tube in the case.
To adjust the distance of the roller from the arbor I have provided on the latter a
rotary graduated cam adapted to bear on the frame or the equivalent thereof which
directly supports the roller. As a graduated cam is intended a cam having around
its circumference a sequence of faces each at a greater distance than the one preceding
it. A suitable lever or handle is provided for turning this cam.
The framework supporting the roller from its nature prevents the roller from
occupying the full breadth of the casing so that the tube is apt to slip laterally and
become pressed under the edge of the roller. To prevent this and to hold the tube
centrally under the roller, I may curve the ends of the cylindrical case so that the
cylinder itself may not be of much greater breadth than the length of the roller, or
I may provide on the inner sides of the cylinder ends annular inclined flanges or
reinforcements having the same effect or I may arrange on the arbor or framework a
shield extending around a large arc of the circle leaving only a free space for the

page_text: roller, said shield being flanged outward at its edges to form a hollow guard moving
over the tube and preventing the lateral shifting of the same.
To fasten such pump securely when in use I have provided a clamp of peculiar
construction. It consists of a fixed upper jaw, a connecting pillar and a fixed lower
jaw all integral and a screw spindle with disc and thumb head traversing said under
jaw. On the upper jaw are a couple of lateral grooves and similar grooves are made
on the pillar. On the pump are parallel rails or shears adapted to be slid upon the
upper jaw or upon the pillar aforesaid. Such clamp may be fixed in any convenient
position and the pump will then be fastened thereon by sliding the shears into the
grooves in the jaw or pillar according to which position will be most convenient at
the time.
The accompanying drawings illustrate an improved pump of the nature described.
Fig. 1 being a plan thereof. Fig. 2 a side elevation of the pump with the clamp.
Fig. 3 a vertical section through the pump and clamp. Fig. 4 a horizontal section
through the pump. Fig. 5 a side elevation of the interior frame and parts supported
by the arbor and Fig. 6 n front elevation showing the method of forming and con-
necting the improved clamp.
A is the cylindrical casing of plain metal. B being the holes through which
the tube C is passed. D are the cylinder heads with central bearings for the
arbor E and preferably made of open metal work both for lightness and to enable
the interior of the cylinder to be seen and also on one side at least to enable the
knob F on the folding handle G to pass through the cylinder head for closer
packing. A A
A A are the clips for holding the tube as aforesaid, they may be
rectangular or cylindrical or of other shape and provided preferably with the
inclined cross cut J for inserting or withdrawing the tube C. The clips are
sufficiently small to firmly grip the tube. The central arbor E is in two parts
connected together by the plate E' to the outer end of which is hinged the bent
plate E carrying the spindle of the roller F in lugs E turned up at the sides of
the plate. One of the parts of the arbor E, that part or end which does not carry
the crank handle G is hollow along its length and within it is loosely inserted
the spindle K carrying on its inner end in the space between the parts of the
arbor E the boss of the cam firmly fixed to it. The outer end of the spindle K
projects beyond the cylinder head D and is provided with a suitable handle L'
for turning it. The cam L is here a bent plate having faces 12 each being
radially at a greater distance from the rotary centre of the cam than the one
preceding it. It will be understood therefore that according as the can is turned
so that the face or or respectively bears against the inner face of the plate E
so is the latter forced to a less or greater distance from the centre. The plate E³ is
held against the cam by a spring M coiled about the hinge of the plate E. The
face being against the plate E the roller will be out of contact with the tube,
the face being in contact with the plate E the roller will be pressed onto the
tube and when the face supports the plate E the roller will be forced with
greater pressure onto the tube by reason of the spring pressure in the bend E
of the plate being brought into action by the greater compression of this bend.
In the pump illustrated in the drawing the tube is held in proper central position
in the case by the shield N which moves with the roller this shield being supported
by a bent plate O soldered to the back of the plate E' and to the shield at each end,
it being bent back at O' to afford space for the cam L.
The method of centering the tube by curving or doming the ends D or by forming
annular inclined flanges or reinforcements on the inner faces of the latter will be
understood without illustration.
PP are two lugs alligned on the side of the pump cylinder case or on the edges
of the cylinder heads, they are cut out in the centre so that the recess so made in each
of them may slide upon the improved clamp and so cause the lugs to fasten on the
clamp and take the place of two continuous parallel rails or shears. If the flanges
of the cylinder heads project sufficiently, no lugs need be made thereon, the recesses
being made in the flanges themselves as in Fig. 6. Q is the clamp, the upper jaw R

page_text: thereof is longitudinally narrowed along the middle or otherwise made with parallel
grooving in such a form that the lugs P P may be slid upon the end of the jaw and
along the latter without hindrance either along the whole length or up to a certain
point and when so inserted cannot be removed except by a similar contrary movement.
The connecting pillar S is also similarly grooved so that the pump may be slid
upon either the upper jaw R or upon the pillar S either before or after fixing the
improved clamp to the table, chair back, or other place on which the pump is to be
supported.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
.
1. A pump having a case A, an elastic tube coiled in said case a device for
applying moving pressure along said tube, in combination with clips adapted to receive
and hold said tube against longitudinal displacement in the case substantially as set
forth.
2. A pump having a case A an elastic tube C coiled therein and a roller or other
device for applying moving pressure along said tube in combination with a shield
for retaining said tube against lateral displacement in the case substantially as set
forth.
3. A pump having a cylindrical case A an elastic tube C coiled therein, a roller
or device for applying moving pressure on said tube and cylinder heads D D
domed or flanged in the manner set forth for preventing lateral displacement of said
tube.
in
4. A rotary mechanism for applying moving pressure upon an elastic coiled tube
circular case comprising a roller upon a hinged frame and a graduated cam for
adjusting said hinged frame substantially as set forth.
5. The combination of a rotary arbor a radial frame fixed thereto a roller upon a
second frame hinged to the aforesaid frame and a graduated cam for adjustment of
said binged frame substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
a
6. The combination of a rotary arbor, a radial frame fixed thereto, a roller upon
frame hinged to the aforesaid frame a graduated cam for adjustment of the
V frame and a spring operating against said cam substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
7. The combination with a pump having alligned lugs parallel shears or equivalent
devices on a stationary part thereof, of a clamp having its jaw or pillar or both
constructed as herein described for the purpose set forth.
8. A clamp constructed according to the method substantially as herein before
described for the object set forth.
Dated this 1st day of June 1880
HERBERT & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, London, W.C., Agents to Applicant.