IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS FOR BURNING BRICKS TILES POTTERY AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I HENRY KNOWLES of Albion Works Woodville in the County of Leicester
Fire Brick and Sanitary Pipe Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS FOR BURNING BRICKS
TILES POTTERY AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES to be as follows:-
"
My Invention has for its object to secure greater regularity and freedom of
draught in kilns or ovens for burning bricks, tiles, pipes pottery and other articles
and substances for which kilns and ovens are or may be used by providing for an
uniform diffusion of the hot gases and vapours as they pass through the kiln or
oven which diffusion is more especially necessary when burning salt glazed sanitary
pipes and similar articles in which case in order to secure good and properly glazed
ware it is essential that the salt vapours should be fully and uniformly diffused
throughout the kiln free from obstruction so as to properly act upon the wholo
surface of the goods therein and so prevent loss by the production of imperfectly
glazed ware which occurs in burning in kilns or ovens having floors as hitherto
constructed.
According to my Invention I construct the open floors or perforated bottoms
of the said kilns or ovens of tiles of fireclay or other refractory material having
perforations through them of any suitable size such perforations preferably widen-
ing in a downward direction. In order to secure perforations in the floor at the
parts where the tiles abut against or join each other I make portions of the
perforation in the meeting sides and angles of the said tiles so arranged that when
the tiles are placed together the sections of the perforations made in the sides and
at the angles will form openings uniform with the perforations in the tiles so as to
avoid any obstruction to the free passage of the gases and vapours caused by dead
surfaces at those parts of the floor at which the junctions of the tiles occur and
especially I avoid any objectionable dead surface at the meeting angles of adjacent
tiles In combination with these perforated tiles I use supports or bearers of
similar material, either cylindrical conical or of other suitable shape and having a
longitudinal opening through their centres preferably wider at their lower ends

page_text: than at top and also a transverse opening or openings in combination of the opening
through the centre for the free passage through them of the gases and vapours
These bearers are placed beneath the perforations formed at the Junctions of angles
of the tiles (and also if necessary beneath perforations at other parts thereof) and
form communications for the gases and vapours to pass through the perforations in
the tiles beneath which they are placed and I by this means secure a very effective
diffusion of the gases and vapours and greatly facilitate their action upon the goods
under treatment in the ovens or kilns.

page_text: I, HENRY KNOWLES of Albion Works Woodville in the County of Leicester
Fire Brick and Sanitary Pipe Manufacturer do hereby declare the naturo of
said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS FOR BURNING BRICKS
TILES POTTERY AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:—
My Invention has for its object to secure greater regularity and freedom of
draught in kilns or ovens for burning bricks tiles pipes pottery and other articles
and substances and consists of improvements in the construction of the floors or
bottoms of such kilns or ovens whereby a uniform diffusion of the hot gases and
vapours passing through the kiln or oven is obtained, such uniform diffusion of the
hot gases being more especially necessary when burning salt glazed sanitary pipes
and similar articles in order to secure good and properly glazed ware it being
essential that the salt vapours should be fully and uniformly diffused throughout
the kiln free from obstruction so as to properly act upon the whole surface of the
goods therein and so prevent loss by the production of imperfectly glazed ware
which occurs in burning in kilns or ovens having floors as hitherto constructed.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a perspective view and Figure 2 a plan
illustrating the form of tiles at present employed in constructing the perforated
bottoms of kilns or ovens. On referring to these Figures it will be seen that at the
parts where the angles of the tiles meet, a blank or unperforated surface is formed,
as shewn at a, which blank or dead surfaces cause an unequal distribution of the
hot gases and vapours passing through the kiln which when salt glazing sanitary
pipes for example, results in many defective or unglazed pipes, more especially
internally.
According to my Invention I construct the open floors or perforated bottoms of
the said kilns or ovens of tiles of fireclay or other refractory material of the form
shewn in Figures 3 having perforations 6 through them of any suitable size and
shape, such perforations preferably tapering or widening in a downward direction
as shewn in Figure 3, and in order to overcome the defects bereiubefore mentioned
with reference to tiles of ordinary construction I in addition to the usual perfora-
tions b form a recess c in each corner of the tiles so that when the tiles are placed
together, these recesses form perforations at the adjacent angles of the tiles uniform
with the other perforations b in the tiles, thus producing a uniformly perforated
bottom to the Kiln and avoiding any obstruction to the free passage of the gases
and vapours caused by dead surfaces at those parts when the ordinary form of tiles
are employed. In combination with my improved perforated flooring tiles I use
hollow supports or bearers d (Figure 5) which may be either cylindrical as shewn,
conical, or of other suitable shape, and provided with one or more transverse
openings d communicating with the interior opening or passage d³, which latter
may be made wider at its lower end than at top These bearers are placed beneath
the perforations formed by the recesses c at the junctions of the angles of the tiles

page_text: (and also if desired or necessary beneath perforations at other parts thereof) and
form passages for the gases and vapours to pass through the perforations beneath
which they are placed The transverse openings d' are arranged in the direction of
the draught of the kiln.
I have illustrated in my drawings the perforations in the tiles as being circular
in form, but it is obvious that they may be rectangular, octagonal, hexagonal, or of
any other shape, and the form of the passages through the supports & be made to
correspond to the perforations in the tiles.
In downdraught ovens or kilns the glazing vapours having a free passage through
the openings c formed at the junctions of the angles of the tiles and through the
opening in the supports and passing thence out at the outlet d in the side of
the supports effect the more perfect glazing of the goods contained in the kiln.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
ww
First. In kilns or ovens for burning bricks tiles pottery and for other like
purposes, constructing the bottoms or floors, of perforated tiles having recesses
formed in their corners or angles, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described and illustrated by Figures 3 and 4 of my drawings.
Second. In kilns or ovens for burning bricks tiles pottery and for other like
purposes supporting the perforated tiles forming the bottom of the kiln or oven,
upon hollow bearers or supports constructed and arranged substantially as and for
the purpose herein before described.