IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE- PREVENTING APPARATUS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Constant Jouffroy Duméry, of Paris, in the Empire
of France, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-
PREVENTING APPARATUS."
Sealed the 26th February 1858, and dated the 7th September 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Constant Jouffroy Duméry
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th September 1857.
I, CONSTANT JOUFFROY DUMERY, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
KENTS IN SMOKE PREVENTING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My present Invention, like two former ones, for which Patents were granted
to me, and bearing date respectively the Eighteenth of January One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-five, and the Twenty-seventh of March One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-six, is intended to furnish the description of some
varieties of construction leading to the same result, that is to say, to effect
the combustion of all combustible materials without smoke by means of
the gradual progress of the coal or other combustible material on surfaces
which are permeable to the air. I say varieties of construction, because
all the elements which I here arrange in different ways are simply and
singly described in my former Patents above referred to..
My object in now multiplying the examples is to make it well understood t

page_text: that my new principle of combustion can be applied to all
purposes without
distinction. Thus, although the moveable comb or rake-the grate or fixed
comb penetrated by the moveable comb-the air uniting with the gases at the
moment of their production in a continuous manner-the oblique ascension,
that is to say, on inclined planes having grated openings- the principle of the
introduction of air at the upper part into apparatus having ascending
combustible materials-the lateral feeding in the direction of the smallest
axis when the two dimensions are very different, in order to give the com-
bustible a length of passage suitable for the time required for its conversion into
coke and the horizontal pistons, smaller than the channel containing the
coal, are individual parts before mentioned or indicated, the arrangement
thereof may be varied according to the purpose it is desired to fulfil; I think
it well herein to describe some of the numerous variations of which the action
or working, according to this principle of combustion, is susceptible.
For this reason, although I have shown how the comb or rake by revolving
can cause the coal to ascend by being placed in the interior of a retort, I
herein point out that it can render the same service by being placed on the
exterior, and so placed, it presents greater facility for disconnecting and over-
looking. See its application to the furnace of a locomotive, Fig. 3, Sheet 1.
In the one case, as in the other, the feeding takes place so that the com-
bustible material may follow a sufficiently restrained course, in order that the
production of coke and its consumption may be equal, whatever be the nature
or state of the coal employed.
I have called it a revolving comb or rake in order to render it more
intelligible and its functions more simple, but it must be understood that it
may act in any other manner than rotatory, and can act either like combs for
combing flax, or take an angular motion analogous to that indicated in Fig. 2,
Sheet 1.
My revolving comb or rake apparatus offers the advantage of being put and
kept in motion without recourse to reverses of movement consequent on the
action of the plungers or pistons penetrating into the interior of the
introducing channel. I can also obtain this result as indicated at Fig. 2,
Sheet 1, in which it suffices to turn the crank in one direction only, in order,
by means of the mangle motion, to effect the to-and-fro movement, occupying
a shorter time for the return than for the advance.
I will remark that in some cases I arrange the action of the apparatus with
grates very slightly inclined, in which I am enabled by the general blending
of air and by the feeding taking place at the largest side and following into
the smallest passage. The raising of the grate plays a less important part in

page_text: proportion as the temperature is raised, or as the combustible material is less.
smoky; in this case, my principal auxiliary becomes the lateral feeding, that.
is to say,
the injection of the combustible material through the side or sides of.
the furnace, which allows of the proportioning of the course or passage of
the mass in ignition. from the natural state to the state of combustible
material, in order to convert it into coke.
In order to give the flame the degree of opacity desired to be obtained, ;I
joint the grates at the part next the exit of the fuel retorts, so as to allow
the operator to modify the inclination of the grates during the operation..
In other terms, in proportion as the temperature is more active or.better; in
proportion as the coal is less smoky, I bring my grates nearer the horizontal
position; that is to say, there being a certain relation between the width and,
the height of the fire I can work fire grates which are quite level; it is for,
this reason I attach so much importance, and that I reiterate so much on that
part of my arrangement which consists in causing the fuel to penetrate
laterally, or better in the direction of the smaller axis, contrary to all means
practised before mine; and it is for this reason, that when the smaller axis.
presents two large dimensions, I divide it into two parts, in order to feed
it through both sides.
In one of my former Specification I indicated the possibility of applying my
principles of combustion to metallurgic operations, which require the highest
temperatures, by the help of an injection of air at the upper part. This
arrangement allows not not only the highest temperatures, but also facilitates.
the use of combustible materials either too poor or too small to permit easily
the passage of air through their mass, in this case my injection of air at the
upper part supplies the deficit; and as regards this part of my Invention, it is
the principle of the application of the injection of air at the upper part to;
the ascending coal that constitutes my improvement.
In order that this operation may be attended with greater efficacy I:spread.
a film of air on the whole surface of the furnace; and, in case, if the ashes
should be of a nature injurious to the result to be obtained, I direct the nozzle
or, nozzles in the inverse direction to the draught, making a chamber to
receive them, as indicated in Figs. 9, 10, and 11, Sheet 2. :
With pure combustible materials, which do not produce any scoria, by
not sifting through the mass, I can, without inconvenience, cause the coal to,
ascend vertically and in parallel layers; but with silicious coal, the ashes of
which vitrify, the use of inclined planes facilitates the assembling of the
scoria in the central line, and renders the cleansing easier.
In order to leave nothing permanently above the ash-pit, as in my former

page_text: examples of grates fed by the front, I render the bars moveable in an angular
direction, either at their extremity or towards their centre; my charging
boxes or chambers are intended to raise each portion of grate, and as soon
as the coal contained by the boxes is introduced they are lowered, and the
whole cradle is withdrawn, in order to be used in the same way under
another neighbouring furnace.
In this manner in all cases in which it is not possible for me to regulate
or arrange the course of the combustible by means of lateral feeding, I
manage it without leaving any part under the grate.
Wishing to render my method of feeding and maintaining combustion
serviceable for all forms of locomotives, a great number being so encumbered
laterally as to prevent the possibility of introducing the combustible materials
at the sides, I organize means of transport for the fuel from the front and
back parts in such cases where the construction presents an obstacle to the
introduction at the sides.
For this purpose I furnish the fore part of locomotives with a moveable
hopper to receive the fuel, letting it descend either on to an endless cloth or
into a channel furnished with a conveying screw capable of advancing the fuel
towards the retort placed in the fore part of the furnace, and which should
feed the front half of the grate, Fig. 6, Sheet 1. Behind I make the retort
abut near the door of the furnace, in order to feed the rear half of the fire-
In this manner, whatever may be the form of the locomotive, it can be
adapted to this new method of combustion.
In order that the upper part of the grate on which the combustion of the
fuel is completed, and where it deposits the scoria contained by it, may not be
obstructed by this deposit, I give the centre bars an oscillating motion,as seen
in Fig. 3, which effectually dislodges the scoria, crumbles it, and allows it to
escape through the grate bars in proportion as it is produced, and this, if
not entirely, at least the greater portion thereof.
It is unnecessary to add that the plungers and pistons above mentioned may
be changed for jointed forcing substances, or even be replaced by the moving
of one side of the retort, whenever the volume of the fuel to be supplied will
permit of it see Fig. 5, Sheet 1. The moveable side may also obey obey
any other law of motion besides moving round a fixed point, see Fig. 4,
Sheet 1. The retort for conducting the fuel can even move entire, as
represented at Fig. 13, Sheet 2.
In the different examples which I have just quoted, as well as in those
described in my former Specifications, it is easy to understand, that by uniting
the right-hand forces with the left-hand ones by two lateral rods, it will suffice

page_text: and in inverse directions, that is to say, one withdrawing while the other
Pushes, as seen in Fig. 12, Sheet 2.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Sheet 1. Fig. 1, section of a furnace with articulated or jointed rakes
or combs. A, blades or teeth of a rake or comb B, frame, serving to unite
the teeth of the comb together; C, jointed lever, allowing the comb-carrying
frame to describe the curve C, C; D, D, crank shaft, allowing the comb-
carrying frame to assume all the positions contained between a, a, a",
in the direction indicated by the arrows, and to return by a way analogous
to the form of the bar,
Fig. 2, example of pusher or thrust piece, having an alternating motion
with a continuous rotary motor. A, rack; B, pinion, having an alternating
motion; C, mangle wheel, gearing on the interior and exterior; D, motive
pinion, having continuous rotary motion gearing alternately with the interior
and exterior teeth of C.
Fig. 3, transverse section, in elevation, of a furnace of a locomotive furnished
with revolving combs or rakes. A, hopper for introducing the fuel; B,
revolving comb or rake; C, bars between which the combs move; D, bars
without motion, on which the fire ascends; E, oscillating bars, receiving their
oscillatory motion from the portion of the circle F; F, portion of a circle, in
the slots of which the levers e, e, of bars E are held. Oscillatory motion is
transmitted by a rod to the portion of the circle F, which it receives from a
crank shaft, which receives its motion from the shaft of the tender. A shaft
is adapted for giving motion by hand to the comb-carrying shaft by means of
bevil wheels, which transmit the motion to a screw shaft which gears with
a screw wheel, keyed on the shaft of the revolving combs; another shaft
communicates motion like the last-mentioned shaft to the whole system of
apparatus, which motion it receives from the axle of the tender.
.
Fig. 4, illustration of an angular pushing or feeding surface, which is free
to rise at the upper part in order to follow the course prescribed at the lower
part. A, channel for the introduction; B, pusher, secured by the joint C'to
the lever D, and sliding between a slot at E; C, joint, rendering the pusher B
dependent on the curve described by the lever D; D, lever pivoted at d'; E,
slot, into which the pusher B slides vertically; F, crank shaft, giving motion
to the whole system, either by means of two rods or by means of the crank
pins sliding in the slots of the two levers G; G, levers, with slots for
transforming the circular motion of the shaft into an alternating motion.

page_text: Fig. 5, section of a furnace having an angular pusher, with a hand lever as
a motor. A, channel for the introduction of the fuel; B, bars or grate, on
which the combustion is accomplished; C, presser or hinged pannel, for
thrusting the fuel forwards; D, lever, actuating the presser; E, axis or hinge
of the lever and of the presser.
Fig. 6, section of a locomotive, fed in front and from behind. A,hopper.or
reservoir of fuel; B, horizontal screw transporting the coal from the front
to the back; C, channel of introduction conducting the combustible material
to the revolving combs; D, revolving combs; E, channel for the introduction.
of fuel at the back of the furnace ; F, grate for furnace bars.
Sheet 2. Figs. 7 and 8, plan view of the propelling wedges, manoeuvred:
either by any motive power or by hand.. A, acting rod; B, single wedge, if
the furnace is composed of one compartment only; and B', duplicate wedges,
if the furnace possesses several compartments; c and e', rack screw, or any.
other motor, for giving motion to the wedges.
Fig. 9, transverse section of the fire-place of a reverberatory furnace; Fig.10
longitudinal section of the same furnace; Fig. 11, horizontal section above
the fire bridge. Note.-In these three figures similar letters indicate like
parts. A, grate or bars; B, revolving combs, for feeding the furnace; C, fire
bridge; D, pipes or nozzles, for admitting hot or cold air; E, counter fire
bridge separating a chamber for receiving the ashes lifted by the current of
air; F, chamber receiving the ashes; G, doors shutting the ash-pit.
Fig. 12, illustration of the simultaneous moving of the two pushers operated
by a single movement.. A, left-hand pusher; B, right-hand pusher; C, rod,
connecting the two opposite pushers exterior of the furnace; D, crank shaft,
actuating the pushers and producing in them a simultaneous alternating
motion; E, rod connecting shaft D to rod C.
Fig. 13, illustration of the propulsion of the combustible by the moving of
the retort. A, feeding retort hinged at the point a; B hopper or fixed part
for the introduction of the combustible material; C, point of attachment of
the rod or lever which transmits the motion; D, fixed part or channel in
which the moveable part A moves.
Fig. 14, section of a furnace hiving openings for charging in the direction
of its length; Fig. 15, section of the same furnace, with the cradle carrying
the charging boxes withdrawn. Note.-In these two Figures similar letters
indicate like parts. A, fire bridge; B, portion of the grate (fixed or arti-
culated for receiving the scoria; C, anterior part, moving on joints if
required; D, D', 1)", different stages of the grate pivotted at d, d', d; E,
cradle, carrying the charging boxes, it is mounted on rollers e; F, charging

page_text: boxes, jointed at f; G, pistons or pushers, jointed at g; H, rack connected to
all the charging boxes F by the joints f, in order to make all the pushers
advance simultaneously; I, I', I", I", levers jointed at, i, i', i", "", and
connected to the other levers; J, acting handle of the first lever I; K, rod
joining the levers I, I', I", I", together by means of joints i, ', "", "", and
producing in them a simultaneous motion; L, lid of charge-carrying boxes
articulated at 1; M, fixed parts concentric with the centres of articulation
d, d', d'; they are permanently fixed to the frame E of the cradle carrying
the charging boxes; N, pinion shaft and hand wheel, communicating motion
to the rack H. The action of this apparatus is easy to understand as the
result from the preceding description; the cradle being withdrawn, as at
Fig. 15, the lids are opened, each box is filled with fuel, when the lids are
lowered and shut; the several parts being in this state the cradle is advanced
under the grate or furnace bed, and when it is in its place and fixed by any
suitable stop catch, the handle J of the first lever is lowered, which com
municates motion to all the others, and lifts all the charging boxes to the
inclined position seen at e, Fig. 15, and produces the same movement of
inclination in all the stages of the furnace grate, as seen at a', Fig. 14. The
grate bars being lifted, the pushers G are advanced by means of the wheel
and pinion N, which discharges the contents of the boxes into the furnace,
and it only remains to operate the same movement in the inverse direction in
order that the furnace may be free.
I have multiplied the examples of the various methods of carrying out this
new principle of combustion in order to show, firstly, that it is of a nature to
afford the most varying applications, and also that it is on the base, on the
principle, on the mode of action of the combustible elements, that my
Invention rests, much more than on the material agent serving to effect it.
I will further remark, firstly, the principal features of the present Invention
rest on the principle of the progression of the combustible material on fixed
surfaces permeable to atmospheric air, permitting continuity of action of all
the parts necessary to the complete combustion, without liability of becoming
deranged, whatever may be the weight and number of charges of the fuel;
secondly, the feeding operated by ways sufficiently short to permit of the
regulating and equalizing the production and consumption of coke, of however
smoky a nature the combustible material
may be.
Note. One furnace may be substituted for another either by transposition
of the parts among themselves, or according to the varying character of the
obiect to be effected.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Constant Jouffroy Duméry in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th March 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CONSTANT
JOUFFROY DUMREY, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Constant Jouffroy Duméry, Her special licence that I, the said Constant
Jouffroy Duméry, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Constant Jouffroy Duméry, executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the terin therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-PREVENTING APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Constant Jouffroy Duméry, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Constant Jouffroy Duméry do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the three Sheets of Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say):
:-
My present Invention, like two former ones for which Patents were
granted to me, and bearing date respectively January the Eighteenth, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, and March the Twenty-seventh, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, is intended to furnish the description of
some varieties of construction leading to the same result, that is to say, to
effect the combustion of all combustible materials without smoke by means of
the gradual progression of the coal or other combustible material on surfaces
which are permeable to the air. I say varieties of construction, because all

page_text: the elements which I here arrange in different ways are simply and singly
described in my former Patents above referred.to.
Myobject in now multiplying the examples is to makeitwell understood that
my new principle of combustion can be applied to all purposes without distinc-
tion. For instance, the moveable comb or rake- the grate bars or fixed comb
penetrated bythe moveable comb-the air uniting with the gases at the moment
of their production in a continuous manner-thè oblique ascension, that is to
say, the ascension on inclined planes, having grated openings-the principle
of the introduction of air at the upper part into apparatus, having ascending
combustible materials-the lateral feeding in the direction of the smaller axis
when the two dimensions are very different, in order to give the combustible a
length of passage suitable for the time required for its conversion into coke-
and the horizontal pistons, smaller than the channel containing the coal, are
elements which have been indicated heretofore, still the arrangement thereof
may be varied according to the purpose it is desired to fulfil; I think it well
herein to describe some of the numerous variations of which the action or
working, according to this principle of combustion, is susceptible..
For this reason, although I have shown how the comb or rake by revolving
can cause the coal to ascend by being placed in the interior of a retort, I
herein point out that it can render the same service by being placed on
the exterior, and so placed, it presents greater facility for disconnecting and
overlooking. See its application to the furnace of a locomotive, Fig. 3, Sheet
1. In the one case, as in the other, the feeding takes place so that the
combustible material may follow a sufficiently restricted course, in order
that the production of coke and its consumptiou may be equal, whatever
be the nature or state of the coal employed.
I have called it a revolving comb or rake in order to render it more
intelligible, aud cause its functions to appear more simple, but it must be
understood that it may act in any other manner other than rotatory, and can
act either like combs for combing flax, or take. any angular motion
analogous to that indicated in Fig. 1, Sheet 1.
My revolving comb or rake apparatus offers the advantage of being put
and kept in motion without recourse to reverses of movement consequent
on the action of the plungers or pistons penetrating into the interior of the
introducing channel. I can also obtain this result as indicated at Fig. 2,
Sheet 1, in which it suffices to turn the crank in one direction only, in
order, by means of the mangle motion, to effect the to-and-fro movement
occupying a shorter time for the return than for the advance.
I will remark that in some cases I arrange the action of the apparatus

page_text: with grates very slightly inclined, in which I am enabled, by the general
blending of air, and by the feeding taking place at the widest side, and
the fuel entering by a short passage. The raising of the grate plays a less
important part in proportion as the temperature is raised, or as the com-
bustible material is less smoky; in this case, my principal auxiliary becomes
the lateral feeding, that is to say, the injection of the combustible material
through the side or sides of the furnace, which allows of the proportioning
of the course or passage of the mass in ignition, either in the natural state,
or in a state of fuel, in order to convert it into coke.
In order to give the flame the degree of opacity desired to be obtained,
I joint the grates at the part next the exit of the fuel retorts, so as to allow.
the operator to modify the inclination of the grates during the operation.
In other terms, in proportion as the temperature is more active, or in pro-
portion as the coal is less smoky, I bring my grates nearer the horizontal
position, that is to say, there being a certain relation between the width
and the height of the fire, I can even work fire grates which are quite
level; it is for this reason I attach so much importance, and that I insist
so much on that part of my arrangements which consists in causing the
fuel to penetrate laterally, or better, in the direction of the smaller axis,
contrary to all means practised before mine, and it is for this reason that
when the small axis presents too large dimensions I divide it into two
parts, in order to feed it through both sides.
In one of my former Specifications I indicated the possibility of applying
my principles of combustion to metallurgic operations which require the
highest temperatures, by the help of an injection of air at the upper part.
This arrangement allows not only the reaching of the highest temperatures,
but also facilitates the use of combustible materials too poor and too small
to permit easily the passage of air through their mass; in this case my
injection of air at the upper part supplies the deficit, and as regards this
part of my Invention, it is the principle of the application of the injection of
air at the upper part to the ascending coal that constitutes my improve-
ment. In order that this operation may be attended with greater efficacy, I
spread a film of air on the whole surface of the furnace, and in case the
ashes should be of a nature injurious to the result to be obtained, I direct
the nozzle or nozzles in the inverse direction to the draught, making a
chamber to receive them, as indicated in Figs. 9, 10, and 11, Sheet 2.
With pure combustible materials which do not produce any scoria by not
sifting the air through the mass, I can, without inconvenience, cause the coal
to ascend vertically and in parallel layers; but with silicious coal, the ashes of

page_text: which vitrify, the use of inclined planes conduces to the assembling of the
scoria in the central line, and renders the cleaning easier.
In order to leave no permanent encumbrance about the ash-pit, as in my
former examples of grates fed by the front, I render the bars moveable in an
angular direction, either at their extremity or towards their centre; my
charging boxes or chambers are intended to raise each portion of grate, and as
soon as the coal contained by the boxes is introduced they are lowered, and the
whole cradle is withdrawn in order to be used in the same manner under
another neighbouring furnace.
In this manner, in all cases in which it is not possible for me to regulate or
arrange the course of the combustible material by means of lateral feeding, I
manage it without leaving any part of the apparatus under the grate.
Wishing to render my method of feeding and maintaining combustion
serviceable for all forms of locomotives, a great number of which are so en-
cumbered laterallyas toprevent the possibility of introducing the combustible
materials at the sides, in this case I organise means of transport for the fuel
from the front to the back part, so as to allow of the fuel being fed both at
back and in front.
For this purpose I furnish the fore part of locomotives with a moveable
hopper to receive the fuel, letting it descend either on to an endless cloth or
into a channel furnished with a conveying screw capable of advancingthefuel
towards the retort placed in the fore part of the furnace, and which should
feed the front half of the grate: see Fig. 6, Sheet 1. Behind, I make the
retort abut near the door of the furnace in order to feed the rear half of the
fire. In this manner, whatever may be the form of the locomotive, it can be
adapted to this new method of combustion.
In order that the upper part of the grate on which the combustion of the
fuel is completed, and where it deposits the scoria contained by it, may not be
obstructed by this deposit, I give the centre bars an oscillating motion, as seen
in Fig. 3, Sheet 1, which effectually dislodges the scoria, crumbles it, and
allows it to escape through the grate bars in proportion as it is produced, and
this, if not entirely, at least the greater portion thereof.
It is unnecessary to add, that the plungers or pistons above-mentioned may
be changed for jointed forcing surfaces, or even be replaced by the moving of
que side of the retort whenever the volume of the fuel to be supplied, will
permit of it, see Fig. 5, Sheet 1. The moveable side may also obey any other
law of motion besides moving round a fixed point, see Fig. 4, Sheet 1. The
retort for conducting the fuel can of itself move as represented at Fig. 13,
Choot

page_text: In the different examples. which I have just quoted, as well as in those
described in my former Specifications, it is easy to understand, that by uniting
the right-hand forcers with the left-hand ones by two lateral rods. it will
suffice to give motion to one of them in order that both may move simul-
taneously and in inverse directions, that is to say, one withdrawing while
the other pushes as seen in Fig. 12, Sheet 2.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
-
Sheet 1.-Fig 1, section of a furnace, with articulated or jointed rakes or
combs. A, blades or teeth of a rake or comb; B, frame, serving to unite
the teeth of the comb together; C, jointed lever, allowing the comb-carrying
frame B to describe the curve C, C'; D, D, crank shafts, allowing the comb-
carrying frame to assume all the positions contained between 'a, a', a', in
the direction indicated by the arrows, and to return by a way analogous to
the form of the bar.
Fig 2, example of pusher or thrust piece, having an alternating motion
with a continuous rotary motor. A, rack; B, pinion, having an alternating
motion; C, mangle wheel, gearing on the interior and exterior: D, motive
pinion, having continuous rotary motiongearing alternately with the interior
and exterior teeth of C.
Fig.3, transverse section, in elevation, of a furnace of a locomotive, fnrnished
with revolving combs or rakes. A, hopper for introducing the fuel; B,
revolving comb or rake; C, bars between which the combs move; D, bars
without movement on which the fire ascends; E, oscillating bars, receiving
their oscillatory motion from the portion of the circle F; F, portion of a circle
in the slots f, of which the levers e, e, of bars E are held; M¹, shaft, carrying
the revolving combs or rakes.
Fig. 4, illustration of an angular pushing or feeding surface, whichisfreeto
rise at the upper part in order to follow the course prescribed at the lower
part. A, channel for the introduction of the fuel; B, pusher secured by the
joint C to the lever D, and sliding in a slot at E; C, joint, rendering the
pusher B dependent on the curve described by the lever D; D, lever pivotted
at d'; E, slot into which the pusher B slides vertically; F, crank shaft, giving
motion to the whole system, either by means of two rods, or by means of the
crank pins sliding in the slot of the two levers G; G, levers with slots for
transforming the circular motion of the shaft Finto an alternating motion.
Fig. 5, section of a furnace having an angular pusher, with a hand lever
as a motor. A, channel for the introduction of the fuel; B, bars or grate on
which the combustion is accomplished; C,presser or hinged pannel forth rust-

page_text: ing the fuel forwards; D, lever actuating the presser; F, axis or ninge or
the lever and of the presser.
.
Fig. 6, section of a locomotive, fed in front and from behind. A, hopper or
reservoir of fuel; B, horizontal screw transporting the coal from the front to
the back; C, channel of introduction conducting the combustible material to
the revolving combs; D, revolving combs; E. channel for the introduction of
fuel at the back of the furnace'; F, grate or furnace bars.
Sheet 2. Figs. 7 and 8, plan view of the propelling wedges manoeuvred
either by any motive power or by hand; A, acting rod; B, single wedge, if
the furnace is composed of one compartment only, and B', duplicate wedges,
if the furnace possesses several compartments; C and C', rack, screw, or any
other motor, for giving motion to the wedges.
Fig. 10, transverse section of the fire-place of a reverberatory furnace; Fig.
9, longitudinal section of the same furnace; Fig. 11, horizontal section above
the fire bridge Note.-In these three Figures similar letters indicate like
parts, A, grate or bars; B, revolving combs for feeding the furnace; (, fire
bridge; D, pipes or nozzles for introducing hot or cold air; E, counter fire
bridge, separating a chamber for receiving the ashes, lifted by the current of
air; F, chamber receiving the ashes; G, doors shutting the ash-pit.
Fig. 12,illustration of the simultaneous moving of thetwopushers operated
by a single movement. A, left-hand pusher; B, right-hand pusher; C, rod,
connecting the two opposite pushers, exterior of the furnace; 1', crank shaft,
actuating the pushers and producing in them a simultaneous alternating
motion; E, rod, connecting shaft D to rod C.
Fig. 13, illustration of the propulsion of the combustible material by the
moving of the retort; A, feeding retort hinged at the point a; B, hopper or
fixed part for the introduction of the combustible material; C, point of attach-
ment of the rod or lever which transmits the motion; D, fixed part or channel
in which the moveable part A moves.
Fig.14 section of a furnace having openings for thecharging in the direction
of its length. Fig. 15, section of the same furnace, with the cradle carrying
the charging boxes withdrawn. Note.-In these two Figures similar letters
indicate like parts. A, fire bridge; B, portion of the grate (fixed or
articulated) for receiving the scoria; C, front part moving on joints, if
required; D, 1', D", different stages of the grate pivotted at d, d', d";
E, cradle carrying the charging boxes; it is mounted on rollers e; F,
charging boxes jointed at f; G, pistons or pushers jointed at g; H, rack
connected to all the pushers G by the joints F, in order to make all the
pushers advance simultaneously; I, I, I, I", levers jointed at i, ', i", ",

page_text: and connected to the other levers; J, acting handle of the first lever
K, rod joining the levers I, I', I", I", together by means of joints i, i, i", i",
and producing in them a simultaneous motion; L, lid of charge-carrying
boxes articulated at 1; M, fixed parts concentric with the centres of arti-
culation d, d', d; they are permanently fixed to the frame E of the cradle
carrying the charging boxes; N, pinion shaft and hand wheel, commu-
nicating motion to the rack II; the action of this apparatus is easy to
understand, as the result from the preceding description; the cradle being
withdrawn, as at Fig. 15, the lids L are opened, each box is filled with 'fuel,
the lids are then lowered and shut; the several parts being in this state the
cradle is advanced under the grate or furnace bed, and when it is in its place
and fixed by any suitable stop catch the handle J, of the first lever I, is
lowered, which communicates motion to all the others, and lifts all the charg-
ing boxes to the inclined position seen at 2, Fig. 15, and produces the same
movement of inclination in all the stages of the furnace grate as seen at
a, D', Fig. 14. The grate bars being lifted, the pushers G are advanced by
means of the wheel and pinion N, which discharges the contents of the boxes
into the furnaces, and it only remains to operate the same movement in the
inverse direction, in order that the furnace may be free.
Sheet 3.-Fig. 16 is a front elevation; Fig. 17, transverse section;
Fig. 18, horizontal section; and Fig. 19, longitudinal section of a furnace for
Woolf's generator, Note.-In these four Figures similar letters of reference
indicate like parts where they recur. A, cylindrical steam boiler; B, fixed
bars; C, moveable bars, which are removed for drawing the fire; D, hopper
in which the fuel is placed; E, channels for conducting the fuel on to the
grate; F, valve jointed at f, it pushes the fuel at each oscillatory motion;
G, rods, actuating the valves; H, rod, receiving motion from a crank shaft
put in motion by wheel gear; I,lever, transmitting motion from rod H to rods
G; J, fire doors; K, ash-pit doors.
I have multiplied the examples of the various methods of carrying out this
new principle of combustion in order to show, firstly, that it is of a nature to
afford the most varying applications, and also, that it is on the base on the
principle,on the mode of action of the combustible elements, that my Invention
rests, much more than on the material agent serving to effect it.
I will further remark, first, the principal elements or features of the present
Invention rest on the principle of the progression of the combustible material
on fixed surfaces permeable to atmospheric air, permitting continuity of action
necessary to complete combustion without liability of disturbance, whatever
may be the weight and number of charges of the fuel...

page_text: Secondly, the progression of the fuel effected through a sufficiently short
passage, to allow of the equalization of the production and consumption of
coke, whatever may be the nature of the coal employed.
Note. One fire-place may be substituted for another, either by the trans-
position of the parts among themselves or according to the variety of purpose
intended.
In witness whereof I, the said Constant Jouffroy Duméry, have hereunto
set my hand and seal this Third day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
C. J. DUMÉRY. (L.S.)