IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE SUBSTANCES OR COMPOUNDS." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Duncan, Sugar Refiner, John Alexander Reina
Newlands, Analytical Chemist, both of Mincing Lane, in the City of London,
and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, Analytical Chemist, of East Ham, in
the County of Essex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
OF SACCHARINE SUBSTANCES OR COMPOUNDS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Duncan, John Alex-
ander Reina Newlands, and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st August 1878.
JAMES DUNCAN, Sugar Refiner, JOHN ALEXANDER REINA NEWLANDS, Analytical
Chemist, both of Mincing Lane, in the City of London, and BENJAMIN EDWARD
REINA NEWLANDS, Analytical Chemist, of East Ham, in the County of Essex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE SUBSTANCES OR COM-
POUNDS.
">
This Invention relates to the precipitation or separation and purification of certain
compounds of sugar with lime by means of alcohol, and also to the precipitation of
other lime salts from saccharine solutions by means of alcohol.
In the first part of this Invention we add to an aqueous solution of any of the
compounds of sugar with lime, commonly called saccharates or melassates of lime,
a quantity of alcohol, and then agitate the mixture for a short time, when the com-
pounds of sugar with lime, hereafter called sucrates of lime, are mostly precipitated,
and can be separated by decantation or filtration.
The deposited sucrates of lime after separation may be washed with alcohol to
free them still further from saline and other impurities. Water should then be added,
and the mass should be heated in a still so as to recover by the process of distillation
any alcohol adhering to it.
The purified sucrates of lime thus obtained may be decomposed by carbonatation,
or by the action of dilute sulphuric acid, whereby the lime is precipitated and the

page_text: sugar rendered available. The alcoholic solution which remains after the precipi-
tion and separation of the sucrates of lime, as before mentioned, should be heated in
a still until all the alcohol comes over:
The second part of this Invention relates to the purification, by means of alcohol,
of a peculiar compound or mixture of sugar with lime and carbonic acid known as
the saccharo-carbonate of lime.
The last-named substance, whether prepared by the process for which Letters
Patent were granted to John Henry Johnson, No. 54, 1867, or by that patented by
Henry Hunter Murdoch, No. 240, 1876, or by any other process, is to be washed
with alcohol so as to remove from it various saline matters and other impurities.
The purified saccharo-carbonate of lime is then heated with water in a still to
separate any adhering alcohol, and is lastly decomposed by carbonatation, or by the
action of dilute sulphuric acid.
The third part of this Invention relates to the removal of the lime salts produced
by the action of lime upon saccharine solutions containing more or less glucose by
the addition of alcohol thereto. For this purpose the saccharine solutions should
be treated with a sufficient amount of lime to destroy any glucose present, the
syrup being afterwards preferably neutralised by carbonatation, or by the use of
dilute sulphuric acid. The syrup will now contain a quantity of lime salts, and
alcohol is then added to the syrup, when a large part of these lime salts is precipi-
tated. In this manner a syrup may be freed from glucose without permanently
increasing its saline constituents. The precipitated lime salts are separated by
decantation or filtration. The alcohol contained in the syrup and also that adhering
to the deposited lime salts is recovered by distillation.
The fourth part of this Invention relates to the treatment of syrup which has
been subjected to the so-called alum process, for which Letters Patent were granted
to us, No. 2090, 1871, with alcohol, so as to precipitato lime, salts, and other
impurities therefrom. For this purpose we add to syrup which has already gone
through the alum process alcohol in sufficient quantities to precipitate a large part
of the lime, salts, and other impurities. This deposit separated by decantation or
filtration.
The alcohol contained in the syrup and likewise that adhering to the deposit is
recovered by distillation.
In any of the above processes, in place of ordinary ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol
may be employed, or any mixtures of ethyl and methyl alcohol, such as that known
as methylated spirit may also be used.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Duncan, John Alexander Reina Newlands, and Benjamin
Edward Reina Newlands in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st January
1879.
JAMES DUNCAN, Sugar Refiner, JOHN ALEXANDER REINA NEWLANDS, Analytical
Chemist, both of Mincing Lane, in the City of London, and BENJAMIN EDWARD
REINA NEWLANDS, Analytical Chemist, of East Hain, in the County of Essex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE SUBSTANCES OR COM-
POUNDS.
"
Our said Invention relates to the precipitation or separation and purification of
certain compounds of sugar with lime by means of alcohol, and also to the precipi-
tation of other lime salts from saccharine solutions by means of alcohol.
According to one part of our said Invention we add to an aqueous solution (as
concentrated as possible) of any of the compounds of sugar with lime, commonly
called saccharates, sucrates, or melassates of lime, a quantity of alcohol, and then
agitate the mixture for a short time, when the compounds of sugar with lime, here-
after called sucrates of lime, are mostly precipitated, and can be separated by
decantation or filtration.
In carrying out our said Invention we have attained good results by an admix---
ture of one volume of the concentrated solution of sucrate with two volumes of
alcohol.
The deposited sucrates of lime after separation may be washed with alcohol to
free them still further from saline and other impurities; a sufficient quantity of
water to dissolve the sucrates should then be added, and the mass should be heated
in a still so as to recover by the process of distillation any alcohol adhering to it.
The purified sucrates of lime thus obtained may be decomposed by carbonatation,
or by the action of dilute sulphuric acid of a specific gravity of about 1.182, whereby
the lime is precipitated, and the sugar rendered available. The alcoholic solution
which remains after the precipitation and separation of the sucrates of lime, as
before mentioned, should be heated in a still until all the alcohol comes over.
Our said Invention relates, secondly, to the purification, by means of alcohol, of
a peculiar compound or mixture of sugar with lime and carbonic acid, known as the
saccharo-carbonate of lime.
This last-named substance, whether prepared by the process for which Letters
Patent were granted to John Henry Johnson, Number 54, 1867, by that patented
by Henry Hunter Murdoch, Number 240, 1876, or by any other process, is to be
washed with alcohol so as to remove from it various saline matters and other
impurities. The purified saccharo-carbonate of lime is then heated with water in
a still to separate any adhering alcohol, and is lastly decomposed by carbonatation,
or by the action of dilute sulphuric acid, which may be of the specific gravity of
about 1.182.
Our said Invention relates, thirdly, to the removal of the lime salts produced by
the action of lime upon saccharine solutions containing more or less glucose by the
addition of alcohol thereto. For this purpose the saccharine solutions should be
heated with a sufficient amount of lime to destroy any glucose present, and we
have found a quantity of lime equal in weight to the glucose present to be sufficient,
the syrup being afterwards preferably neutralized by carbonatation, or by the use
of dilute sulphuric acid of about the strength above mentioned; the syrup will
now contain a quantity of lime salts, and should then be concentrated, after which
alcohol is then added to the syrup, when a larger part of these lime salts is preci-
pitated. We have found about 2 gallons of alcohol to 10 lbs. of syrup to give good
results. In this manner a syrup may be freed from glucose without permanently
increasing its saline constituents. The precipitated lime salts are separated by
decantation or filtration. The alcohol contained in the syrup and also that adhering
to the deposited lime salts is recovered by distillation.

page_text: Our said Invention relates, fourthly, to the treatment of syrup which has been
subjected to the so-called alum process, for which Letters Patent were granted to
us, Number 2090, 1871, with alcohol, so as to precipitate lime, salts, and other
impurities therefrom. For this purpose we add to the syrup which has already
been subjected to the alum process, and which we prefer to concentrate, alcohol in
sufficient quantities to precipitate a large part of the lime, salts, and other impurities.
We have found three gallons of alcohol to one gallon of concentrated syrup sufficient
for this purpose. The deposit is separated by decantation or filtration.
The alcohol contained in the syrup and likewise that adhering to the deposit is
recovered by distillation.
In any of the above processes, in place of ordinary ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol
may be employed, or any mixtures of ethyl and methyl alcohol, such as met hylated
spirit, may also be used.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, we
would observe in conclusion that we do not confine ourselves to the exact proportions
and degree of strength or concentration of the substances herein-before mentioned,
as the same will necessarily be varied according to the varying nature of the materials
under treatment, but what we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim
as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The precipitation from aqueous solutions and subsequent purification of
saccharates, sucrates, or melassates of lime by means of alcohol, substantially as
herein-before described.
Second. The purification by means of alcohol of the substances known as saccharo-
carbonate of lime, substantially as herein-before described.
Third. The removal of the lime salts produced by the action of lime upon syrup
or saccharine solutions containing glucose by means of alcohol, as herein-before
described.
Fourth. The removal of lime, salts, and other impurities from syrups which have
been previously submitted to the so-called alum process by means of alcohol, sub.
stantially as herein-before described.
:
In witness whereof, I, the said John Alexander Reina Newlands, on behalf of
myself and the said James Duncan and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands,
have to this our Specification set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day
of January, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.