Improvements in and Connected with the Manufacture of "Oil Cake and Expression of Oil from Oleaginous Seeds or Kernels.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Oct., 1889-Accepted, 23rd Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with the Manufacture of "Oil Cake
and Expression of Oil from Oleaginous Seeds or Kernels.
I, HERBERT GUTARIE, of Albert Road, Levenshulme, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to the manufacture of oil cake and the
expression of oil from linseed, cotton seed and other oleaginous seeds and kernels of
the kind used for feeding cattle, horses, sheep and other animals; and it has special
reference to those processes of manufacture wherein the seeds or kernels are first
crushed into meal, then "cooked," and the "cooked" material is afterwards subjected
to considerable pressure in order to express the oil, the residue being formed into
cakes; at the same time it is to be understood that the portion of the process
according to which the manufacture is carried on under this Invention, and parts of
the apparatus or means employed therein, may be used in conjunction with other
existing processes.
Apparatus for and a process of manufacturing oil cake with improvements according
to this Invention applied thereto consist as follows:-
"
In the apparatus I propose to employ a receptacle containing a number or plurality
of chambers which I term measuring boxes; their primary use being to receive a
certain quantity of prepared oleaginous material as it leaves the "kettle or roservoir.
The said measuring boxes may be externally heated by steam caused to circulate
through a jacket or other means. A convenient arrangement of the boxes is a vertical
one (but not of necessity), having at the bottom a shutter to control, that is, close
and open the outlet or exit end while being filled or emptied respectively: the filling
may be effected by gravity, or any suitable mechanical feeder such as screw or other
gear, as the case may be, the tops being open. Above the boxes are placed a series of
rams forming so many pistons or plungers, which when dropped or pushed into the
measuring boxes, push out the whole or nearly the whole of the contents of the boxes
into envelopes, or substitutes for envelopes, hereinafter described. One object of the
rams is to press into the envelopes the required charge of oleaginous material with
such force as will serve for the usual preliminary pressure before being taken to the
oil press.
I propose to make the envelopes in the form of bags carried on frames; for
instance, the bags, preferably tapered, may be opened at one end and so constructed
that they may be peeled off the cake and completely reversed that is, turned "inside
out ; or the bags may be open at one side, or, they may be open at one end and one
side, or two ends and one side, and of any convenient forin and capable of being turned
inside out.
The bags are supported in position by means of suitable frames, for instance, their
months or lips may be secured to the frames which are capable of being opened and
closed for the respective purposes of filling the olenginous material and discharging
the cakes.
These frames may be made to clip the bags or perforated to run on slides or frames
or equivalently connected or mounted. I prefer to employ a plurality of bags, so
forming a batch of any number. These supporting frames I call batch frames, their
purpose being to carry a complete set or batch of bags. The batch frames may have
sliding bars in or on which will be suitable notches or stops, arranged in such a
manner that when the batch is extended each bag-frame will take up a definite
position so as to ensure the bags severally being placed so as to come opposite their
respective measuring boxes for re-filling. That portion of the bags furthest from the

page_text: mouths or lips may be attached to rods which rods are to be attached to and to slide
on a second batch frame in such a manner that when the two batch frames are parted
the whole of the bags are turned inside out and their oleaginous contents forcibly
expelled this operation may also be effected by attaching cords to the bottom of the
bags so as to pull them inside out and another set of cords attached to the outside of
the bags to reverse them.
:
To the first batch frame, or to the bag frames, may also be attached (or they may
be separate altogether) a series of dividing filter plates, one object of which is to
mould the form of the cake required and the prevention of the bursting of the bags
by the pressure brought on during the expression of the oil. These plates, are so
constructed as to serve another purpose that is :-that of the more ready expression of
the oil in the manner as follows:-plates may be corrugated so as to allow of sufficient
passage of the expressed oil along the concavity of the corrugations. They may be
made in several parts or thicknesses so as to allow of a sories of internal grooves or
channels formed in the body of the plate and kept permanently open for the free
passage of oil to their edges or the concentration of the oil to any part of the edge.
These internal passages are made to communicate with the external concavities or
corrugations by any convenient number of small holes preferably counter sunk with
the smaller end next the bag so as to prevent their choking with dirt. The several
parts of these dividing plates are so mounted as to be capable of being readily parted
in case of necessity, for cleaning or other purpose.
At that point of the edge of these plates to which the oil passages converge the oil
may be led to the tank by forming a lip or projection, sufficient to reach the next
dividing plate when the said dividing plates are at their maximum distance apart, the
whole arranged to work tolescopically when in the press and to cover a groove or
grooves in the squeezing box made to give a free passage of the expressed oil from
the filter plates to the tanks.
A further arrangement of the batch frame might be made by attaching bags, closed
at both sides and open at both ends, to the dividing plates so that when the end bags
were forcibly parted the whole batch would open accordeon fashion and the bags
themselves become the distance regulators for the refilling position. In this case the
top and bottom edges of the dividing plates might project more or less than oach other
as might be found necessary for the convenience of forcibly expelling the cakes which
might stick to one side or other of the said bags.
Another arrangement of a batch might be made by forming the bags with a con-
tinuous band of material secured at given intervals to the dividing plates. It might
also be secured at intermediate parts to the secondary batch frame, either by cords or
rods, for the purpose of turning inside out and expelling the cake.
The mode and operation would be as follows:-
The presses would be placed in series of any convenient number, either in a straight
line or circular. If circular then the kettle might be placod over the centre of the
series or system of presses either fixed or made to revolve. The measuring boxes and
feeding apparatus would also be arranged to revolve about the same centro by any
convenient means, such as suspension, or rolling on a circular rail laid round the
system. Thus arranged one, two, three or any number of feeding apparatus might
be employed in the one circle together with any number of presses. For the purpose
of this description I will suppose the presses are arranged horizontally with their rams
radiating from the centre. Thus a measuring apparatus with vertical boxes may
receive the necessary quantity of prepared oleaginous material from the kettle or
reservoir and ram it into the bags placed below for the purpose. The batch of bags
may he held opposite and by the framework of the press and the whole drawn through
a hole in the press head into a suitable box. A shutter would then be placed over
the hole in the press head and the ram, the head of which should serve as a piston
fitting the box, set in motion and pressure applied as may be desired.
On pressure
being removed, the shutter at the press head may be taken away and the press itself
employed to expel the batch from the box. The batch being free is then expanded to

page_text: expel the cakes as before described, and made ready to receive another charge. Al
the batch movements may be made by small hydraulic cylinders or other convenient
apparatus.
In the case of open sided bags being used a temporary box would be required to
keep the oleaginous charge from falling out. This would be attached to the travelling
carriage before referred to and might be formed of binge plates to slide into
position and would retain that position until the batch was drawn into the squeezing
boxes.
Another form of movement above described may be effected by the press itself
being arranged to draw the batch into the box and apply the pressure direct and at
once. In this case the filling of the bags would be done while the batch was between
the head of the press and the ram.
The batch being filled one ram is set in motion by say a low pressure accumu-
lator which causes the press head to push the batch into the squeezing box, and,
continuing its motion say under the influence of a high pressure accumulator,
finishes the work of expressing the oil. This done, the ram carrying the expelling
piston, is set in motion to expel the batch clear of the squeezing box, and then
the other ram, continuing its return stroke allows of the batch being expanded for
emptying and refilling. By this means it may be observed that by securing the
ends of the batch to the press head and the expelling piston, the expanding of the
batch is done automatically by the movements of the press itself, and the only
special machinery necessary will be that for the turning of the bags inside out,
in the case in which the reversible bags are used, or for forcibly expelling the
cakes themselves, in the case of some of the other kinds of bags being used. The
actuating part of this machinery may be carried on the travelling apparatus con-
taining the measuring boxes. One such actuating apparatus would therefore serve
many batches, and, being next to the measuring boxes and carried with them
would always be in position for emptying one batch while the next was being
filled so that one attendant could attend and work the whole operation and follow
the travelling frame.
The frame itself would carry suitable cams or inclined planes or equivalent
devices for moving the valves controlling the hydraulic rams so that the pressing
and expelling might also be done automatically.
Dated this 21st day of January 1889.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicant's Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with the Manufacture of "Oil Cake"
and Expression of Oil from Oleaginous Seeds or Kernels.
I, HERBERT GUTHRIE, of Albert Road, Levenshulme, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relatos more particularly to the manufacture of oil cake and the
expression of oil from linseed, cotton seed and other oleaginous seeds and kernels, of
the kind used for feeding cattle, horses, sheep and other animals; and it has special
reference to those processes of manufacture wherein the seeds or kernels are first
crushed into meal, then "cooked," and the "cooked" material is afterwards subjected
to considerable pressure in order to express the oil, the residue being formed into
cakes; at the same time it is to be understood that the portion of the process
according to which the manufacture is carried on under this Invention, and parts of
the apparatus or means employed therein may be used in conjunction with other
existing processes.

page_text: Apparatus for and a process of manufacturing oil cake with improvements according
to this Invention applied thereto consist as follows:-
In the apparatus I propose to employ a receptacle containing a number or plurality
of chambers, which I term measuring boxes; thoir primary use being to receive a
certain quantity of prepared oleaginous material as it leaves the "kettle or reservoir.
The said measuring boxes may be externally heated by steam caused to circulate
through a jacket or other means. A convenient arrangement of the boxes is a
vertical one (but not of necessity), having at the bottom a shutter to control, that is,
close and open the outlet or exit end while being filled and emptied respectively;
the filling may be effected by gravity, or any suitable mechanical feeder such as
screw or other gear, as the case may be, the tops being open. Above the boxes are
placed a series of rains forming so many pistons or plungers, which, when dropped or
pushed into the measuring boxes, push out the whole, or nearly the whole, of the
contents of the boxes into envelopes, or sub.titute for envelopes, hereinafter described.
One object of the rams is to press into the envelope the required charge of oleaginous
material with such force as will serve for the usual preliminary pressure before being
taken to the press.
I propose to make the envelope in the form of bags carried on frames; for
instance, the bags, preferably tapered, may be open at one end, and so constructed,
that they may be peeled off the cake and completely roversed, that is, turned "inside
out ; or the bags may be open at one side, or, they may be open at one end and one
side, or two ends and one sido, and of any convenient form and capable of being turned
inside out.
33
The bags are supported in position by means of suitable frames, for instance, their
mouths or lips may be secured to the frames which are capable of being opened and
closed for the respective purposes of filling the oleaginous material and discharging
the cakes.
These frames may be made to clip the bags or perforated to run on slides or frames,
or equivalently connected and mounted. I prefer to employ a plurality of bags, so
forming a batch of any number. These supporting frames I call batch frames, their
purpose being to carry a complete set or batch of bags. The batch frames may have
sliding bars in or on which will be suitable 'notches or stops, arranged in such a
manner that when the batch is extended each bag-frame will take up a definite position
so as to ensure the bags severally being placed so as to come opposite their respective
measuring boxes for refilling. That portion of the bags furthest from the mouths or
lips may be attached to rods which rods are to be attached to and to slide on a second
batch frame in such a manner that when the two batch frames are parted, the whole
of the bags are turned inside out and their oleaginous contents forcibly expelled: this
operation may also be effected by attaching cords to the bottom of the bags so as to
pull them inside out and another set of cords attached to the outside of the bags to
reverse them.
To the first batch frame, or to the bag frames, may also be attached to (or they
may be separate altogether) a series of dividing filter plates, one object of which is
moulding the form of the cake required and the prevention of the bursting of the bags
by the pressure brought on during the expression of the oil. These plates, are so
constructed as to serve another purpose, that is that of the more ready expression of
the oil in the manner as follows:-The plates may be corrugated so as to allow the
sufficient passage of the expressed oil along the concavity of the corrugations. They
may be made in several parts or thicknesses so as to allow of a series of internal
grooves or channels formed in the body of the plate and kept permanently open for
the free passage of oil to their edges or the concentration of the oil to any part of the
edge. These internal passages are made to communicate with the external concavities
or corrugations by any convenient number of small holes preferably counter sunk with
the smaller end next the bag so as to prevent their choking with dirt. The several
parts of these dividing plates are so mounted as to be capable of being readily parted
in case of necessity, for cleaning and other purpose.

page_text: At that point of the edge of these plates to which the oil passages converge the oil
may be led to the tank by forming a lip or projection, sufficient to reach the next
dividing plate when the said dividing plates are at their maximum distance apart, the
whole being arranged to work telescopically when in the press, and to cover a groove
or grooves in the squeezing box made to give a free passage of the expressed oil from
the filter plates to the tank.
A further arrangement of the batch frame might be made by attaching bags, closed
at both sides and open at both ends, to the dividing plates so that when the said bags
were forcibly parted the whole batch would open accordeon fashion and the bags
themselves become the distance regulators for the refilling position. In this case the
top and bottom edges of the dividing plates might project more or less than each other
as might be found necessary for the convenience of forcibly expelling the cakes which
might stick to one side or other of the said bags.
Another arrangement of a batch might be made by forming the bags with a con-
tinuous band of material secured at given intervals to the dividing plates. It might
also be secured at intermediate parts to the secondary batch frame, either by cords or
rods, for the purpose of turning inside out and expelling the cake.
The mode and operation would be as follows:-The presses would be placed in
series of any convenient number, either in a straight line or circular. If circular,
then the kettle might be placed over the centre of the series or system of presses
either fixed or made to revolve. The measuring boxes and feeding apparatus would
also be arranged to revolve about the same centre by any convenient means, such as
suspension, or rolling on a circular rail laid round the system. Thus arranged one,
two, three or any number of feeding apparatus might be employed in the one circle
together with any number of presses. For the purpose of this description I will
suppose the presses are arranged horizontally with their rams radiating from the
centre. Thus a measuring apparatus with vertical boxes may receive the necessary
quantity of prepared oleaginous material from the kettle or reservoir and ram it into
bags placed below for the purpose. The batch of bags may be held opposite and by
the frame work of the press and the whole drawn through a hole in the press head
into a suitable box. A shutter would then be placed over the hole in the pross head
and the ram, the head of which should serve as a piston fitting the box, set in motion
and pressure applied as may be desired. On pressure being removed, the shutter at
the press head may be taken away and the press itself employed to expel tho batch
from the box. The batch being free is then expanded to expel the cakes as before
described, and made ready to receive another charge. All the batch movements may
be made by small hydraulic cylinders or other convenient apparatus.
In the case of open sided bags being used, a temporary box would be required to
keep the oleaginous charge from falling out. This would be attached to the travelling
carriage before referred to and might be formed on hinged plates to slide into
position and would retain that position until the batch was drawn into the squeezing
boxos.
Another form of movement above described may be effected to the press itself being
arranged to draw the batch into the box and apply the pressure direct and at once. In
this case the filling of the bags would be done while the batch was between the head
of the press and the ram.
The batch being filled, one ram is set in motion by say a low pressure accumulator
which causes the press head to push the batch into the squeezing box, and, continuing
its motion say under the influence of a high pressure accumulator, finish the work of
expressing the oil. This done, the ram carrying the expelling piston, is set in motion
to expel the batch clear of the squeezing box, and then the other ram, continuing its
return stroke allows the batch being expanded for emptying and refilling. By this
means it may be observed that by securing the ends of the batch to the press head and
the expelling piston, the expanding of the batch is done automatically by the move-
ments of the press itself, and the only special machinery necessary will be that for the
turning of the bags inside out, in the case of which the reversible bags are used, or
for forcibly expelling the cakes themselves, in the case of some of the other kinds of

page_text: bags being used. The actuating part of this machinery may be carried on the
travelling apparatus containing the measuring boxes. One such actuating apparatus
would therefore serve many batches, and, being next to the measuring boxes and
carried with them would always be in position for emptying one batch while the next
was being filled so that one attendant could attend and work the whole operation and
follow the travelling frame.
The frame itself would carry suitable cams or inclined planes or equivalent devices
for moving the valves controlling the hydraulic rams so that the pressing and expelling
might also be done automatically.
In the drawings which serve to illustrate my Invention, I show several modifica-
tions of apparatus; but it is to be understood that these various modifications merely
constitute so many examples of the application of the Invention, and therefore it is
not intended to confine or limit it to them, but what is claimed as novel in the Invention
is specified in the various claiming clauses concluding this Specification.
In Figures 1 and 14, is illustrated in sectional elevation and plan respectively,
the measuring boxes and accessory parts according to the invention.
In the Figures A designates the measuring boxes, consisting of comparatively
thin spaces a and hollow partitions b, the upper portion of the box constitutes a
feed hopper (designated A¹) into which the meal is charged. The outside case as
well as the partitions b, are hollow and constitute a jacket adapted to hold steam
for the purpose of maintaining the metal, and by it the meal, at a requisite
temperature. B denotes the plungers by which the meal from the spaces a is
forced into the bags as hereafter described. These plungers it will be seen are
secured to and form part of a head, and this head would be fixed to and
worked by any known suitable form of machinery to give it the requisite upward
and downward strokes. C designates the shutter, provided at the bottom of the
boxes A, and adapted to be worked to and fro in such a manner as to cover and
uncover the lower orifices of the chambers a by its bars c¹ at the proper time, by
this means the chambers a can be filled and their charges released as required.
The bags D which are used to receive the charges of meal from the chambers a,
are disposed beneath their discharge orifices as shown in the drawing in diagram
(These bags D are hereinafter more fully described.)
The action of this apparatus is as follows:-Assuming the chambers a to be
charged with meal and the plungers B, say in the position shown in the figure,
the shutter C closing tho discharge orifices of the chamber and the bags D in
position, then, in order to fill the bags the shutter C is operated so that an un-
restricted aperture between the chambers a and the mouth of the bags exists, and
the plungers B are caused to descend, pushing out, in such descent, the meal from
the chambers into the bags below; by a continuation of the downward movement
of the plungers the meal is pressed into the bags with such force as will serve to give
it the usual preliminary pressure before being taken to the press.
In Figures 2, 24, 2B I show one form of bags according to the invention; in
Figures 2° -2° 2°-and 21, another form of bag is shown; and in Figures 3 and 3ª,
another modification of bags is illustrated and in connection with this form I show
how they may be supported in frames according to the invention and it may be
assumed that this form of bag and frames, is that illustrated diagramatically in
Figure 1.
Now with reference to Figures 2 and 2B the kind of bag therein shown is one
closed on all sides and at one end, the other end being open. It will be seen that this
form of bag is tapered; the object and end served by this form is that it lends itself
to the more easy reversal of it, that is, turning it inside out. Three views of this
Figure show the bag in a position in which it may be filled. Figure 24 shows it in a
semi reversed condition the dotted lines at d representing the cake off which the bag
has been peeled after being subjected to pressure, and 2B shows the bag in its complete
reversed condition and separated from the cake d it contained. The parts in section
in these, and in Figures 2° to 2 are those having thick dark lines; and it may be
here remarked that with respect to the thickness and size of cakes for which the bags

page_text: and machines herein specified are adapted to produce may be any of the ordinary
ones.
Referring now to Figures 2° to 2, the bags illustrated herein consist of multiple
pockets open at one side and one end and capable of being turned inside out, for the
purposes herein before specified. This form of bag may be conveniently termed a
continuous half bag." Figure 2° shows it in end view looking towards the open
sides, that is, in the direction denoted by the arrow in Figure 2. Figure 2º is a
plan of 2; Figure 2* is a sectional end view taken through the bags at the line a. a;
and Figure 2 is another sectional end view taken through the bag at the line b. b. A
bag of this type is a double pocketed one, that is to say, when the bag is in one
position (say as in Figure 2) with open tops and an open side to each pocket, then,
between each of these pockets, another pocket exists, but this pocket will be open at
the bottom and the opposite side, this pocket is shown in Figure 2. If two sets of
half pockets be arranged as shown in dotted lines in Figure 2, filled and pressed in a
suitable frame, it will be evident that a cake produced will be enclosed on the bottom
and at both sides.
In Figures 3 and 34 is shown in plan a continuous batch of bags mounted in a
frame, and capable of being used conveniently with apparatus such as illustrated
in Figures 1 and 14, or with pressing apparatus hereinafter described with reference.
to Figure 7. The bagging, in longitudinal section, is of the form shown in diagram
in Figure 1, and is supported to carrier bars e which are mounted and slide on side
rods e¹. The two Figures 3 and 34 show the batch of bags open for receiving a
charge and closed as would be effected by a press in forming the oil cakes. The
rods e may be mounted at any suitable bearing. The frame bars e' may have suitable.
notches or stops on them arranged in such a manner that when the batch is extended.
each bag framme bar e will take up a definite position, so as to insure the bags
severally being placed so as to come opposite their respective measuring boxes for
refilling.
Filter dividing plates according to my Invention are illustrated in cross section
in Figures 4, 44, 48, 40, and designated p. The platos shown in these Figures are
corrugated ones so as to allow sufficient passage for the expressed oil along the con-
cavity of the corrugations; fare apertures formed in the surface of each plate, and
communicate with inner passagos g these passages opening out into a cross passage t¹
and finally to a passage u shown more closely in Figures 4" and 4°. In Figure 4
the filter dividing plates consist of three parts, namely, a central part p', and two
surface plates p² in this case the apertures fare formed in the surface plates p³ and
communicate with the longitudinal passages 9 which in turn communicate with the
passage u. In Figure 4 the plate is made of two portions p² divided at the centre
and the channels g instead of being disposed at the outside of the plates as in
Figure 4 are formed in the centre thereof.
In Figures 4 and 4° is shown the means by which the oil is taken away from the
channels g of the dividing plates by the box in which such plates are held and work,
and also the means for isolating the spaces between the plates from the oil channel of
the box. To each of the plates p, a toe is provided and there is also provided a
corresponding recess in each plate in which the toe of the adjacent plate is free to
move, this toe is disposed over the channel u provided in the bottom of the plate
box; thus by these means the plates are free to move to and fro, and at the same
time allow the oil expressed from the cakes to pass from the channels g into the
channel "; and also at the same time prevents matter from the spaces between the
plates, passing to the said channel, of course the channel u communicates with an oil
tank or other receptacle.
Figure illustrates a continuous bag arrangement according to the Invention, the
bags consist of a continuous band secured at given intervals at d to the dividing
plates p.
Figure 6 illustrates diagramatically a circular system of arranging presses according
to this invention in series, as above described, the kottle, that is, the filling boxes and

page_text: plunger arrangements above described are arranged to be mounted on and revolve
about a central column m and the presses arranged in series radially with such
column, in such a manner, that the bags of the presses lie directly beneath the
charging boxes of the kettle when in the same radial line with it; or instead of
employing a column at the centre, the kettle and accessory parts may be adapted to
roll on a circular rail system. A press y of convenient form and type for operating
according to circular systems illustrated in Figure 6, is shown in Figure 7. It is of
the type above specified wherein the batches of bags are filled, compressed and moved
in and out of position in a single apparatus by differential rams. The ram is a high
pressure ram and employed for squeezing cakes and expressing the oil therefrom.
is a ram adapted to move the boxes into the position shown in the figure; & con-
stitutes a box forming part of the press and into which the batch of bags is after being
filled, moved. When the bags are within this box, the necessary pressure is exerted
upon them and the oil expressed. After being squeezed the ramis caused to move
outwards and push the batch of cakes out of the box ; when in this position the
cakes can be removed in any of the manners hereinbefore specified, and the rams i
and can be operated by high and low pressure systems as specified.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and objects of
my Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that
what I claim is :-
1. The herein described method of manufacturing oil cake from meal of the kind
hereinbefore referred to, consisting in filling a series of chambers with meal, then
discharging the contents of such chambers, into a batch of bags and then subjecting
said bags with their charges, to pressure for the purposes specified.
2. The herein described system of manufacturing oil cake from meal of the kind
hereinbefore referred to consisting of arranging a plurality of presses in series, either
in line, circular, or other arrangement as described, and providing a travelling
charging mechanism adapted to discharge a plurality of batches of meal into suitable
receptacles in said presses seriatim, which batches of meal are subsequently squeezed
in the press; for the purpose specified.
3. A bag for holding meal for the purposes specified constructed substantially as set
forth with reference to Figure 2, 24, and 2B.
4. A bag for holding meal for the purposes specified constructed substantially as set
forth with reference to Figures 2° to 2.
5. In the manufacture of oil cake and the expression of oil from oleaginous seeds
or kernels, feeding or supplying meal to a kettle or receptacle, then discharging such
meal from said kettle, and then pressing said meal into cakes and expressing the oil
therefrom, as or substantially as herein described.
6. In the manufacture of oil cake and the expression of oil from oleaginous seed
or kernels feeding or supplying meal to a kettle or receptacle heated externally,
then expelling said material by plungers and delivering said meal simultaneously
into a plurality of bags such as desired and then pressing same in a press; sub-
stantially as described.
7. The means herein described for charging oil cake bags with meal consisting
of a vessel having a plurality of chambers into which meal is delivered, and a
series of plungers adapted to discharge said meal from said chambers; and also
said parts as arranged and adapted to operate substantially as described with
reference to Figures 1 and 14.
8. In the manufacture of oil cake from oleaginous seeds or kernels, mounting a
series of bags in a frame, arranged and constructed in such a manner that the bags
are supported thereby and free to be opened and closed; substantially as set forth;
and also said frame and bags as arranged and adapted to operate with reference to
Figures 3 and 3ª.
9. In the manufacture of oil cakes from oleaginous seeds or kernels, the combina-
tion with a suitable chest or box, of a series of dividing plates having spaces between
them to receive meal, and apertures or recesses for the discharge of oil therefrom,

page_text: said plates being arranged and moved by pressure within said box, substantially as
described.
10. In the manufacture of oil cake from oleaginous seeds and kernels, filter
dividing plates, between which said meal is compressed, provided with apertures f
and passage by which the expressed oil may be carried off, substantially as
described.
11. The filter dividing plates constructed as set forth with reference to Figures 4
and 4 for the purposes specified; and also the means or arrangement set forth with
reference to Figures 4 and 4° by which oil is carried off from filter plates, and the
passage for said oil escape, is maintained clear.
12. In the manufacture of oil cake from oleaginous seeds or kernels, the employ-
ment of a plurality of bags in a batch to receive and hold metal, said bags being made
of continuous material, substantially as set forth and also the bags when arranged as
set forth with reference to Figure 5.
13. In the manufacture of oil cake from oleaginous seeds or kernels, a hydraulic
press horizontally arranged and adapted to hold a plurality of bags, or pockets, or
envelopes, containing meal said bags or envelopes being disposed in a box wherein
they are subjected to hydraulic pressure; as or substantially as in the manner herein
set forth.
14. A hydraulic press for the purposes herein described consisting of a box
wherein a plurality of bags containing meal are disposed, and in which said bags are
moved into a second closed box and squeezed; substantially as described.
15. A press for the purposes herein described having rams i and 7, said rams being
used to operate upon a plurality of bags containing meal disposed within a box in said
press; substantially as described.
16. A press for the purposes described, arranged, constructed and operating as set
forth with reference to Figure 7.
Date : 21
1000