matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE. PRODUCTION OF PHOTO- GRAPHIC PICTURES, AS ALSO IN THE MOUNTS OR CASES AND FITTINGS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Trevor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
July 1869.
I, DAVID TREVOR, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Photographer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE. PRODUCTION OF PHOTO-
GRAPHIC PICTURES, AS ALSO IN THE MOUNTS OR CASES AND FITTINGS FOR THE SAME,"
to be as follows (that is to say) :-
The object of my Invention in connection with photography is to
enable the operator to take several views of a sitter or object from
different positions, or several sitters or objects as may be desired on the
same sensitized plate with one sensitizing, as also in the mode of
mounting such photographic pictures for suspension or exhibition, or for
pocket cases, or photographic albums (that is to say):-
Firstly. My Invention relates to my improved apparatus for holding
the sensitized plate, which consists of a circular disc of wood or other
suitable material working in a corresponding sized hole formed in an
outer rim or frame, by preference square for easy application to the
camera. In such disc a square opening is formed fitted with a door for

page_text: securing the sensitized plate after being placed in the said opening,.
whilst the front of the apparatus is obscured to the extent of the
eccentric space requisite for taking the intended picture, which opening.
is obscured by a darkening slide or cap in the ordinary way to keep the
light from the plate until the object or sitter is in position. And for
description I will suppose that the disc is divided into six or any
desirable number of divisional parts and one picture or view of a sitter
or object is taken; the cover will be then put over the lens, or the dark
slide advanced, and the disc carrying the sensitized plate revolved, say,
one-sixth; the object or sitter is again arranged and the cap removed or
slide withdrawn, and the new view taken, and so on until the divisional
series is complete, when from the said plate any number of negatives.
may be taken in the ordinary way..
Secondly. My Invention consists in mounting such pictures: for
suspension or exhibition, in which case the whole series may be exposed
on a revolving disc so as to be turned in succession upwards, or one or
more openings may be formed in the upper part of an additional disc,
and by revolving the compound picture underneath each portrait or
object may be brought successively in position..
Lastly. In mounting such concentric series of views. or pictures
in photographic albums, I purpose for the leaves of such albums to.
be so arranged as to permit of the whole to be seen at once, by turning
the album around, or by revolving the picture so as to bring the
portrait or objects in view, while the album or case proper may be
stationary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING OR JOINING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF RAILS IN CONSTRUCTING THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thornton Bintley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th January 1869.
I, JOHN THORNTON BINTLEY, of Kendal, in the County of West-
moreland, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING
OR JOINING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF RAILS IN CONSTRUCTING THE PERMANENT WAY
OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the mode of and
apparatus for connecting or joining together the ends of rails in con-
structing the permanent way of railways, and consists in the use or
employment in combination with the fish plates and bolts at present
ordinarily employed of a device taking into suitable openings or recesses
made in the webs of the rails in such manner as to ensure the formation
of a perfectly even and continuously rigid road or way, which shall not
be liable to deflect at those points where the ends of the respective
lengths of rails meet one another. For this purpose according to my
Invention I remove portions of the webs of the rails at each end of each
length of rail, so as to form recesses in such manner as that when

page_text: the ends of the lengths of rails are brought together their respective
recesses shall cojoin to form openings or spaces for the reception of
tongues or plates, by preference made of steel and equal in thickness
to the thickness of the web of the rail, such tongues being made with
suitable holes through which I pass the bolts, by which the fish plates
situated at each side of the webs of the rails are secured together. In
cases where the line of rails is laid in a curved direction I prefer to uso
four bolts to each joint as is at present usual, but in some instances
according to my Invention two bolts only may be made to serve the
purpose of securing the ends of the rails in their proper relative
positions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANO- FORTES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Collard
Moutric at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 23rd February 1869.
I, WILLIAM FREDERICK COLLARD MOUTRIE, of 77, Southampton
Row, in the County of Middlesex, Pianoforte Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANO-
FORTES," to be as follows:-
.
This Invention relates to an improvement in pianofortes by which
the pitch of any pianoforte may be changed at will from the present
usual pitch to a lower one, or if desired to a higher one. This is
effected by the addition of one or more strings to the scale of the
ordinary pianoforte now in use, when by means of any convenient
mechanical arrangement the player can at will alter the pitch from that
in ordinary use to a lower one, or if he should desire it to a higher one.
This Invention may be applied to any pianoforte now in use where
room can be obtained for the additional string or strings, and in
constructing new pianofortes the additional string or strings may be
added in the first instance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Burge, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
October 1869.
I, GEORGE BURGE, the younger, of Rochester, in the County of
Kent, Cement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce at a reduced price a cement
resembling in its appearance and chief characteristics the well-known
Portland cement. The basis of the improved cement is a substance
soap
soap" or "chalk soap," which is found between grey stone
chalk and gault underlying the former. This soap or chalk is a
combination mainly of chalk or carbonate of lime and aluminous clay.
The proportions of these substances vary according to the depth of the
stratum, and average from 17 to 33 per cent. of aluminous carth or
clay.
In carrying out my Invention this soap or chalk soap is quarried or
dug in the usual manner, and is thrown into tanks, where it is submitted

page_text: to the action of a solution of potash or ammonia alum, the latter by
preference. A saturated solution should be employed, and it may be
used either hot or cold according to the proportion of alum it is desired
to incorporate with the chalk soap. On adding the alum solution to the
chalk soap considerable effervescence takes place, owing to the sulphuric
acid of the alum entering into combination with the carbonate of lime,
thereby forming sulphate of lime and evolving carbonic acid gas. Com-
mon chalk may also be treated with a solution of alum in the same
manner, but as a larger proportion of alum must be employed this
modification of the process will not probably be so cconomical, except
under exceptionally advantageous circumstances. A hot solution of
alum may be used with chalk, in which case some of the alum may
probably be precipitated in a crystalline state and become mixed with
the carbonate of lime. When effervescence has ceased in either case
the supernatant liquor may be drawn off and used for dissolving more
alum for another operation, and the pasty residuum may then be taken
out of the tanks and dried and burnt in the ordinary manner in order
to drive off the ammonia contained in the alum. The mass may then be
ground, and it will be ready for use in the same manner as Portland and
other cements.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR RENDERING CLOTH AND OTHER FABRICS AND MATERIALS REPELLENT OF WATER AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Martin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd June
1869.
I, JOSEPH MARTIN, of Chapeltown Road, Leeds, in the County of
York, Waterproofer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR RENDERING CLOTH AND OTHER FABRICS AND
MATERIALS REPELLENT OF WATER AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in an improved process for rendering cloth
and other fabrics, stone, brick, or other porous building material repellent
of water, and in an improved apparatus for carrying out the process.
I will first describe my improved apparatus. In a suitable framework
are arranged three troughs side by side. These troughs have by
preference inclined sides so as to be smaller at the bottom than at
the top. Nearly at the bottom of each trough and along its whole
length is a roller, the ends of which project outside the framework and are
furnished with sheaves or pulleys for driving the rollers. Above each

page_text: trough and at one side thereof is arranged a pair of rollers with set
screws and driving pulleys.
Tho process is as follows:-The cloth or other fabric is passed into
tho first trough, which contains a solution of fat acids. This solution
deposits a film in the cloth or other fabric, which latter after passing
under the roller in the lower part of the trough is passed through
the pair of rollers above, by which about three-fourths of the solution
is passed out and returns to the trough. The fabric then passes under
the roller of the second or middle trough containing an aqueous solution
of sulphate of alumina, which coming in contact with the fat acids taken
up by the cloth in passing through the first trough forms in the fibro
an insoluble water repellent. The fabric now passes through the next
pair of rollers, and under the roller in the third trough, which contains a
solution of soda. Finally, after passing through the last pair of rollers
it is conveyed to the washing machine, and after being well washed it
is tentered, dried, and finished.
To render stone, brick, or other porous building material repellent
of water I employ a large vat, in which the material to be operated
upon is placed. The vat is then filled with the first described solution,
which after a certain time is drawn or run off and the vat filled with
the second described solution, which after a certain time is drawn off
and the material removed for drying. Or I employ an arrangement
of vats and an endless band or belt for carrying the brick, stone, or
other material through the solutions.
A SELF-ACTING BACK-WASH CHAMBER FOR WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Harnett Harrisson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th March 1869.
I, THOMAS HARNETT HARRISSON, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A SELF-ACTING BACK-WASH CHAMBER FOR WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to secure what plumbers call a back-
wash to waterclosets without the necessity of a cistern, and is intended
to be applied to the main service, and consists of an enlargement of the
main pipe or a chamber situated between the ordinary valve cock and
the watercloset basin, from the top of which vessel or chamber an air pipe
is taken into the basin by the side of the supply (or air is otherwise
admitted), so that when the valve cock is lifted and the water turned on
the vessel is instantaneously filled and the supply rushes forward into
the basin unchecked in force. When the valve is reclosed the air
releases the store of water or back-wash, which then flows into the basin
and securely traps the closet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Crowther at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
July 1869.
I, JOSEPH CROWTHER, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to three-wheeled velocipedes. I make the
scat in the shape of a chair with a raised back, so that when a person is
seated therein he will have the power of using the motions of his body in
the same manner as in a rocking chair. I hang this chair between the
two hind wheels so as to rest on a centre, and place or fix one or more
cranks under the chair in such a position that the motion of the body
will act on the crank or cranks without using the feet and treddles. I
use the third or front wheel as the means of a guider as in the present
methods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS, AND IN THE GEAR FOR FACILITATING THE WEIGHING AND BOARDING OF ANCHORS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Robert Augustus
Glover at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 4th October 1869.
İ, FREDERICK ROBERT AUGUSTUS GLOVER, of Brading, in the Isle of
Wight, Master of Arts, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS, AND IN THE GEAR FOR FACILITATING THE
WEIGHING AND BOARDING OF ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to manipulate or handle anchors with
greater facility than heretofore, and to this end I attach to the shank of
the anchor at some point near the centre of gravity a chain or pennant
whereby the anchor may be lifted and turned on its centre, on which it
may be suspended in equilibrium:
In carrying out my Invention and adapting it to existing anchors I
propose to secure to the shank at a point near to the centre of gravity
a suitable fitting consisting of a band or collar having several eyes, say
eight, to receive a shackle at the end of a chain or pennant for handling
the anchor. In conjunction with this collar or band I sometimes use
two bosses to act as pivots to the moveable dropping gear. As these
eyes are evenly placed and at quasi equal distances all round the shank

page_text: it will be seen that the handling chain or pennant to produce any cant
may be hooked on to either side or any part that may be found most
convenient, and sometimes to two or more points at the same time.
In constructing new anchors provision may be made on the shank for
receiving the hook or shackle at the end of the handling chain or
pennant with little additional expence. It will only be necessary to
forge on the shank at the proper place a disc, feather, or projecting collar,
through which may be made any desired number of holes whereby the
anchor may be suspended from a hook or hooks on the pennant or
pennants, as has been already explained, as well as the bosses requisite
for the pivotting dropping gear already alluded to. Should it be thought
desirable to bring up the anchor from below with an oblique inclination
of the shank in order that it may so lay until it reaches to near the
cathead an oblique band acting on two centres and placed to suitable
fixtures or lodgements above and below the shank will produce the effect
of capsizing the anchor and gimletting it at the same time and of laying
it inboard on any desired cant.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-ACTING MULES EMPLOYED FOR SPINNING COTTON
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pilkington Wilding at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th June 1869.
I, WILLIAM PILKINGTON WILDING, of Preston, in the County of
Lancaster, do liereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-ACTING MULES EMPLOYED FOR
SPINNING COTTON," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a curved or excentric bend or cam which is
applied to the outer end of the "radius arm" of the self-acting mule
used for spinning cotton in lieu of the ordinary "nose peg" employed
for regulating the speed of the spindle, and preventing "snicks and
snarls" in the yarn. The position of this bend or cam is regulated
by means of a screw.
The advantages derived from the use of this Invention are that the
drag upon the chain is much more equal than with the "nose peg,"
and therefore the motion of the spindle when winding on the yarn is
steadier, and consequently the yarn is copped more equally and
regularly, and the result is that the cop is firmer and harder throughout,
and it enables the minder to put about ten per cent. more length of

page_text: yarn on the same diameter of cop, and also to make a larger cop (if
required) on the same spindle than could be done previously by allowing
the cop to be built further up the spindle. It is obvious that if the
above advantages are obtained there will be a considerable saving of
waste, and the cost of production will also be greatly economized as the 5
spinner will be able to get off more yarn per spindle than with the
ordinary arrangement.
OTHER METAL NAME PLATES FOR SHOP WINDOW STALL PLATES, DOOR PLATES, &c.
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Charles Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1869.
I, JAMES CHARLES MARTIN, Revolving Shutter & Brass Plate Maker,
of 31, Gray's Inn Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IRON OR OTHER METAL NAME PLATES
FOR SHOP WINDOW STALL PLATES, DOOR PLATES, &c.," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, first, to making shop window stall plates of
sheets or strips of iron or tin japan'd on their surface (with or without)
brass or other metal letters standing in relief of such surface, instead
of brass, bronzed, or wood French polished stall or window plates, as
heretofore.
Secondly. I employ sheets of iron, tin, or other metal of such substance
as to permit of their being bent to any suitable shape, or they may be
drawn convex, concave, or ogee, or any other shape in the direction of
their length or otherwise. These plates I japan on their surface in any
colour, as chocolate, roan, black, white, or of different colours, or they may
be chequered or ornamented in different styles. Sometimes I prefer these
sheets or strips flat for shop fascias, &c., or the plates may be formed

page_text: of papier machi, as also the letters if desirable, or the plates may be of
cast-iron. For the lettering of these plates I make patterns of wood or
metal, and cast them in brass, tin, zinc, or other metal as usual, or they
may be formed out of sheets of metal or of wood. I fasten these letters
to the plates by means of pins or screws, with nuts at the back side
of the plates, the back side of the letters being formed to fit the surface
of the plate, and the screws or pins passing through the plate they are
fastened securely together with the nut, or revitted, or otherwise, the
plate being formed it is then fastened to a wooden block as usual. By
this means a plate being made of iron japanned is less expensive, more
durable, and does not require cleaning as usual with the engraved brass
plates. I sometimes prefer using brass, &c. as usual, and etch or sink
the letters, & japan the letters only any colour, instead of filling them
with black or coloured lack as usual. Zinc strips I also japan.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Farmer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June
1869.
I, JOHN FARMER, of Cannock, in the County of Stafford, Moulder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, of the following improvements in
working the cutters or knives of reaping and mowing machines from
one of the driving wheels of the said reaping or mowing machines. In
a plane parallel to the inner face of the driving wheel is a vertical shaft
supported by and working in bearings on the frame or platform of the
machine. The said vertical shaft is situated near to the inner face of
the said wheel, crossing it nearly in the direction of a diameter. The
upper part of the said shaft carries a friction pulley, which bears against
the face of the wheel near its periphery, and takes motion therefrom by
means of the friction between the two surfaces. In order to balance the
pressure of the said friction pulley on the inner side of the driving wheel
a second friction pulley may be situated on the outer side of the driving
wheel immediately opposite the first-described friction pulley. This second

page_text: friction pulley may be geared to the first, and made thereby not only to
balance the pressure of the first, but by its additional friction to more
effectually secure the communication of motion from the driving wheel
to the vertical shaft described. The motion of the knife or cutter is
taken from the said vertical shaft. The arrangement described may be
applied to both the wheels of mowing machines.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the following improvements in
actuating the knives or cutters of reaping and mowing machines. On
the lower end of the vertical shaft described I fix a crank plate, on
which is a crank pin. The said crank plate and pin have rotatory motion
in a horizontal plane immediately above, or in the plane in which the
knife or cutter works. I connect the knife or cutter with the said crank
pin by means of a long connecting rod jointed by one of its ends to the
said crank pin, and by its other end to the distant or outer end of the
knife or outter. By this arrangement the required reciprocating motion
of the knife or cutter is produced with little oblique pressure, the said
connecting rod deviating but little in any part of its motion from
parallelism with the knife or cutter.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OB APPARATUS FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th April 1869.-A communication from abroad by Emile Jombart,
of Tarjan, in the Kingdom of Hungary.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE
OB APPARATUS FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing a narrow platform, to each
side of which are hinged wings of a form approximating to a quadrant
of a circle, constructed of a light but strong framing of wood, the
surface inside which is filled in with thin louvre boards, laths, or staves.
Each wing is provided with a lever having a handle, by which a person
standing or seated on the central platform can impart a rapid up-and-
down motion to the wings.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS POR CLIPPING HORSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Simeon Heath at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
November 1869.
I, SIMEON HEATH, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Saddlers'
Tool Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS POR CLIPPING HORSES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is set forth in the title, and the Inven-
tion consists substantially of the following arrangement of parts:-A
circular ended comb or plate being provided and mounted upon a
handle a revolving cutting wheel with eight or other suitable number
of points is caused to work in a circular direction upon the said comb
or plate by means of a handle of proper size and construction with
which it is fitted.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The first-named handle
is taken in the operator's left hand, and the circular ended comb or
plate being placed upon that part of the horse desired to be clipped in
such manner that the horse's hair may come through the comb upon the
cutting wheel. The said revolving cutting wheel is caused to rotate by

page_text: the operator's right hand actuating the handle with which it is provided.
By means of this revolving cutter a horse may be clipped in a more
complete manner, and with much greater despatch than by any other
machine or apparatus for performing the same operation with which I
am acquainted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE FERMENTATION OF WORTS AND OTHER FERMENTABLE LIQUIDS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Giles at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1869.
I, SAMUEL GILES, Brewer, of the Borough, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE FERMENTATION OF WORTS AND OTHER FERMENTABLE
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved rotary apparatus for aiding the
fermentation of wort and other liquids requiring to be fermented, so as
to increase their power to throw off the yeast at the time of cleansing,
while the operation may be conducted at a lower temperature than
usual, whereby the "thinness of palate " usually attending the use of
high temperatures is avoided.
In carrying out my Invention I mount a horizontal shaft to rotate in
bearings across the "gyle" tun at a short distance above the surface of
the liquid contained therein. This shaft I provide with a number of
long and short pallets or blades arranged preferably in two sets on
opposite sides of the shaft, and placed so that a long pallet in one set

page_text: shall be opposite a short pallet in the other set. The shaft is provided
with a hand wheel or winch handle, by which the apparatus may be
slowly rotated in the wort or liquid during fermentation, for the purpose
of agitating said liquid, and again mixing up with it the yeast evolved
at the early stage of the process. To effect this I construct each pallet
of an open framework, in which I stretch wire gauze or other suitable
open or perforated material or fabric. The framework or pallet is also
grooved for the reception of a corresponding slide, for the purpose of
closing the perforated pallets if required. The object of this gauze or
other open or perforated material is to retain and carry down into the
body of the wort the light particles of yeast floating on the surface of
the same, which, were the pallets perfectly smooth, would escape from
under the latter on their coming in contact therewith. By thus returning
the surface yeast to the gyle tun a more rapid fermentation is induced.
The pallets or buckets also receive at each revolution a quantity of the
carbonic acid gas floating on the surface of the liquid, which has hitherto
been for the most part lost. This carbonic acid in addition to that con-
tained in the cells of the yeast is carried down into the liquid at each
revolution of the pallets, whereby the potency and "condition" of the
beverage is much increased. In order that as much of the surface yeast
as possible may be acted on the apparatus is rotated for a time in either
direction alternately, each side of the pallets coming in turn into action.
When the liquid has undergone sufficient agitation and the attenuation
is completed, the shaft and pallets may be removed from the gyle tun,
and the liquid afterwards skimmed or otherwise treated in the ordinary
manner.
AN IMPROVED MORTISING, TENONING, AND SAWING MACHINE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frederic Kent at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th May 1869.
I, JOHN FREDERIC KENT, of Thornton Heath, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MORTISING, TENONING, AND SAWING MACHINE," to be as follows
(that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to a more simple and inexpensive mode
of constructing machinery or apparatus for cutting and sawing tenons
and mortices in wood applicable to carpenters', joiners', or cabinet
makers' work (or for sawing wood for ordinary purposes, whereby the
said operations are more effectually and expeditiously performed than by
other mechanical arrangements at present in use for the above object;
and consists in fixing the cutting instruments upon a rectangular frame
working in vertical guides upon an upright stand and actuated by a
lever supported upon a fixed stud bearing secured to the said stand, in
which the frame aforesaid works with an up-and-down movement, in
connection with which an horizontal bench or table is employed pro-

page_text: vided with a travelling bed or movement worked by a rack and pinion,
hand wheel, and ratchet motion (in gear with the lever) for bringing
the work forward to the cutters as may be required, so that upon the
wood being placed upon the bench, regulated by a guage plate, and
brought forward to be mortised or tenoned, the ordinary cutting in-
struments are caused to operate upon the work by the descent of the
lever in connection therewith, whilst the sawing is effected (in like
manner) by substituting a sliding frame fitted with longitudinal saws in
place of the cutters aforesaid.
SUPPORTING CLOTHES LINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Wilkes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd November 1869.
I, GEORGE HENRY WILKES, of 5, Campbell Terrace, Wick Road, South
Hackney, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "SUPPORTING CLOTHES LINES," to be as follows:-
Part First consists of a galvanised iron plate with fulcrum recess;
two and three holes for fastning with screws or nails the said plate to
wall or post.
Part Second consists of a lever working on two pivots at its lower
end in a recess in the above described plate. The upper part of the
lever is forked to receive various thickness of line. The lower part is T
or cross-shaped for pressure.
Advantages of the holder :-Facility of instant adjustment and security
against breakage of one section of a line as against the remaining
sections. Clothes lines can be put up, taken down, slackned, or tightened
without tying or untying a knot. The security of the line is increased
by additional weight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCISSORS OR APPARATUS ESPECIALLY SUITABLE FOR GATHERING FLOWERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Blyde at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1869:
I, JAMES BLYDE, of Sheffield; in. the County of York, do, hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCISSORS
OR APPARATUS ESPECIALLY SUITABLE FOR GATHERING FLOWERS," to be as
follows:-
The flower scissors as usually constructed have one recessed and one
plain edge, being thus formed with the object that the flower may be
retained by the scissors till released by the gatherer, but this object is.
not accomplished with any degree of certainty.
In order to provide for the complete accomplishment of the object
above stated I affix a spring to one of the blades of the scissors or appa-.
ratus, which spring is secured to a piece or holder situate at the side of
that one of the blades above referred to, such piece extending beyond the
edge of the same, and having a broad part which acts against the other
blade of the scissors or apparatus, by which arrangements the desired.
action of the scissors will be obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFERVESCING AND AERATED DRINKS AND WATERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic John Smith and
Leonard John Abbott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 13th July 1869.
We, FREDERIC JOHN SMITH and LEONARD JOHN ABBOTT, both of
East Dereham, in the County of Norfolk, Soda and Mineral Water
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFERVESCING AND AERATED DRINKS AND WATERS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in the mixture of claret or other foreign wine
or wines, or liqueur or liqueurs, or one or more of them, in variable
proportions, according to taste, with water and with flavoring essences,
spirits, or materials, and in impregnating the same with carbonic acid
gas under pressure, in the manner and by the machinery usually
employed by or known to soda and mineral water manufacturers, such
improved ærated beverage being bottled in the manner usually adopted
by such manufacturers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOSE RAILWAY WHEELS AND AXLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Broad at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd April 1869.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD BROAD, of Wychdon, in the County of
Stafford, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOSE RAILWAY WHEELS AND
AXLES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My improvements consist in an arrangement of a loose sheath or
elongated bearing and axle, whereby each wheel is allowed to rotate
independently of its fellow, in order to increase the steadiness of trains
at high rates of speed, and to facilitate their passage round curves.
I form a shaft of Bessemer steel or other suitable metal of uniform
diameter throughout, except at the journals and collar or shoulder;
upon one end of the shaft is keyed one wheel contiguous to the journal
in the ordinary manner, the other or companion wheel is secured firmly
by means of bolts and nuts to a sheath of Bessemer steel or suitable
metal, one end of such sheath passing through the wheel boss, which
is enlarged to receive it, the inner side of the boss abutting against a

page_text: flange or shoulder formed on the sheath, being secured thereto by means
of bolts and nuts. The other end of the sheath is also cast or turned
so as to form a flange, and abuts against the boss of the fixed wheel.
The sheath is bored or cored out perfectly true, and of slightly greater
internal diameter than the shaft which passes through it, the whole
being held in place by a small collar and screws or cottar. The journals
are formed either on the shaft or on the sheath, or one on each, to suit
varying requirements. The sheath is made of any required length, and
the bosses can be recessed to admit the flanged ends of the sheath, or
turned plain, as desired, or the sheath and boss can be formed in one piece
if preferred, and the axle boxes may be placed upon the outside or inside
of the wheels and arranged in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DESPATCH BOXES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Tribe and John Mallett
at the Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 15th November 1869.
We, JAMES TRIBE, of Saint John Street, Smithfield, and Jonn
MALLETT, of Charles Street, Saint John Street Road, both in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN DESPATCH BOXES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as
follows-
The Invention has for its object improvements in despatch boxes and
other similar articles. For despatch boxes we form the box in a some-
what similar manner to that shown at Figures 1 and 2 of the.
accompanying Drawings, in which the parts a, a', when opened out.
form the writing slope, which is fitted in the usual manner, whilst in
the part a in addition to fitting it with ink bottles as heretofore we
also provide it with one or more candlesticks hinged or pin jointed
thereto so as to enable them to be turned out when required for use,
and to be turned or folded down or into a suitable recess when not
required for use. To the lower back edge of the desk is hinged the
part 6, to which is attached the part c, as shown, to the upper back
edge of which is hinged the part d. The part c may be fitted up to.

page_text: receive the stationery, and is so arranged that any of its contents may
readily be taken out from the upper part thereof; and in the front of such
stationery we fit a space for a calendar. The part d has fitted therein
an instrument board which also forms the flap of a pocket. Instead of
connecting the part c to the part 6 we sometimes dispense with the
part 6 and hinge the part c to the upper back edge of the part a' as
shown at Figures 3 and 4. In some cases instead of forming the parts
a, a, a, as shown, in a desk we form that part of the case into a
dressing case, the lid being fitted as an instrument board which when
turned down serves as a writing slope. The part c, if desired, may be
fitted up as a jewel case or as a secretary, in which case the part d may
be fitted up for stationery.
By the use of this Invention all the contents of the box are visible
at a glance, and more accommodation is afforded, whilst we are enabled
to place the handle on the part d and lock the part d to the part a',
thereby obtaining a strong and conveniently formed despatch or other
box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSICAL BOXES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harburg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1869.
I, HENRY HARBURG, of the Firm of Weill and Harburg, of Hatton
Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturers and Importers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MUSICAL BOXES," to be as follows:-
It is a matter of importance to persons using musical boxes to know
the number or designation of the particular tune or air while the same
is being played. Now the object of my Invention is to provide means
whereby the number or designation of such tune may be indicated, and
the indications varied and controlled by the action of the works of the
musical box itself. For this purpose I provide in such position as to be
clearly within view a plate, dial, or appliance on which are marked
numbers or words, or both, indicating the various tunes played by the
musical box. These are disposed in the proper order. I fit or mount a
pointer or indicating contrivance close to this plate, dial, or appliance,
and work the same by the working parts of the musical box, so that
when the barrel moves or is shifted in order that a new tune may be

page_text: played the pointer may be moved accordingly, and will point on the plate
or dial to the number, name, or indication of the particular tune
corresponding with the particular position of the barrel. If the barrel
be set at "repeat," that is to say, if it repeats its tune, the pointer
remains in the same position. When the barrel reaches the end of the
set of tunes, and shifts endwise in the usual manner, the pointer being in
connection with the motion of the barrel also returns or shifts from end
to end of the indicator plate so as to be ready to travel at the required
intervals and effect its indications. In one arrangement the pointer
travels in a slotted plate, and springs are used to control its position.
I sometimes employ beside the above contrivance another indicator
in which by turning a button or working some other contrivance a
number, word, or both are exposed to view so as to indicate the tune.
For instance this may be done by using a plate or surface turning on
a pivot and bearing the required indications so that it presents the
same one at a time at a slot formed for the purpose in the lid of
the box.
AN IMPROVED DENTURE OR APPLIANCE FOR CARRYING AND SUPPORTING ARTIFICIAL TEETH IN THE MOUTH BY SUCTION
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ash at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
August 1869.
I, GEORGE ASH, of Great Marlborough Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED DENTURE OR APPLIANCE FOR CARRYING AND SUPPORTING
ARTIFICIAL TEETH IN THE MOUTH BY SUCTION," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a dental appliance
known and distinguished as a denture, forming in fact a false roof or
palate of vulcanite, to which artificial teeth are to be affixed and held in
the mouth by suction.
The mode heretofore practised of manufacturing the denture has been
to shape the vulcanite in a mould or cast taken from the roof of the
person's mouth which the denture is intended to fit, and in order to
give sufficient solidity and strength to the denture the vulcanite had
to be made rather thick, thereby rendering it clumsy and uncomfortable
in the mouth.

page_text: Now this Invention consists in combining a woven or textile fabric
or fibrous material with the vulcanite in the manufacture of the denture,
thereby enabling it to be made very thin and light combined with
strength, and affording it better holding properties in the mouth by
reason of the woven or textile fabric coming into contact with the
roof of the mouth. I propose to have one or more layers of the woven
fabric combined with the vulcanite and shape in a mould in the usual
way of shaping dentures made of vulcanite.
AN IMPROVED TENSION SWIVEL COUPLING FOR NAUTICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Baldwin Fulford Weatherdon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th June 1869.-A communication from abroad by François
Casand, India-rubber Manufacturer, of No. 4, Rue Thorigny, Paris,
in the Empire of France.
I, BALDWIN FULFORD WEATHERDON, of 77, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED TENSION SWIVEL COUPLING FOR NAUTICAL AND OTHER
PURPOSES," a communication to him from abroad by François Casana,
India-rubber Manufacturer, of No. 4, Rue Thorigny, Paris, in the Empire
of France, to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has reference to a mechanical contrivance for lessening
the strain or pressure upon hawsers, cables, anchors, mooring chains, or
otherwise, so as to prevent the concussion to or snapping of the chain as
at present, and consists in interposing in the length of the chain a
cylindrically formed swivel or coupling having a piston provided with a
stem or rod, and a loop or eye on the opposite end of the cylinder to
which the links are secured, india-rubber, metallic spring, cork, or

page_text: other flexible material being employed for filling up the intervening
space between the piston and the lower portion of the said cylindrical
coupling, so that the violent or sudden longitudinal concussion through-
out the length of the chain is directly thrown upon the said intervening
elastic material or spiral spring aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NUT CRACKERS AND LOBSTER CRACKERS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED WITH NUT CRACKERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th April
1869.
I, THOMAS WHITE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN NUT CRACKERS AND LOBSTER CRACKERS, AND IN APPARATUS TO
BE USED WITH NUT CRACKERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
constructing nut crackers, by which nuts of any size can be cracked, and
also in apparatus to be used with nut crackers, the said apparatus con-
sisting of dishes or receptacles for containing nuts and receiving the
shells, and a socket for supporting the nut crackers. My improvements
in nut crackers are applicable to lobster crackers.
In
In the said
I will describe my improvements as applied to nut crackers.
constructing nut crackers according to my Invention I fix a rect-
angular or other shaped frame at the top of a tube.
tube is a rack or a screw or a rod with a series of rings
screw or ringed rod constituting a cylindrical rack. A pinion under-
on it, the said

page_text: neath the frame engages with the rack. To the axis of the said pinion
a handle is affixed, by which the said pinion may be turned and the
cylindrical rack raised or lowered. The top of the rack carries a plate,
which on the rising and falling of the rack rises and falls in the frame.
The top of the said plate is toothed or made rough, and the top of the
frame is made of a similar plate, the under side of which is also toothed
or made rough. The nut to be cracked is placed on the lower plate or
the plate at the top of the rack and the handle turned so as to raise the
said plate. The nut is thereby compressed and cracked between the
plate on the top of the rack and the plate constituting the top of the
frame. The side of the frame may consist of guide rods on which the
lower plate slides. Instead of the roughened plates described concave
plates may be employed. The position of the parts described may be
inverted, that is, the bottom plate may be stationary and the upper
one made to rise and fall by the action of the rack and pinion. The
return motion of the moveable plate may be effected by a spring. Nut
crackers constructed in the way described may be used while held in
the hand, or the nut crackers may be combined with dishes or receptacles
for containing the nuts and receiving the shells, and with the dishes or
receptacles described salt cellars may also be combined. In this case
I prefer to join the dishes or receptacles together and support them on
castors. Between them is a vertical socket into which the tube of the
nut crackers fits. The apparatus described combining nut crackers, dish
for nuts, and receptacle for shells can be passed round the table on its
castors.
AN IMPROVED HANK FOR HOISTING AND LOWERING FORE AND AFT SAILS, WHICH INVENTION MAY BE ALSO APPLIED TO CRANES AND OTHER HOISTING APPARATUS AND TO REDUCING FRICTION
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Graham Simon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th March 1869.
I, WILLIAM GRAHAM SIMON, of 17, Oakley Square, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED HANK FOR HOISTING AND LOWERING FORE AND AFT SAILS, WHICH
INVENTION MAY BE ALSO APPLIED TO CRANES AND OTHER HOISTING APPARATUS AND
TO REDUCING FRICTION," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in applying friction rollers to hanks for
hoisting and lowering fore and aft sails, by which means the friction on
the stay is considerably reduced or wholly prevented, so that when the
halyards are "gone" the sail will be lowered by its own weight, by
which means the labour and exertion now necessary for this purpose are
dispensed with.
My improved hank is composed of a circular disc of metal or other.
material, around the inside of which is arranged a series of friction
rollers revolving on spindles or pins fixed in the said disc, or the spindles
and rollers may revolve together when required, a circular space being

page_text: left between the peripheries of the said rollers for the stay to pass
through. The said disc is in two parts, connected at one side by a hinge
or its equivalent, and at the other by a screw or bolt or other similar
contrivance, and an eye or eyes is or are arranged at any suitable part
thereof by which the said hank is connected to the sail in the ordinary
manner.
This arrangement of friction rollers is also applicable to hoisting
apparatus generally, and to reducing friction on those surfaces revolving
or moving in close proximity to one another.