IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-PREVENTING APPARATUS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Constant Jouffroy Duméry, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-PREVENTING
APPARATUS."
Sealed the 19th August 1856, and dated the 27th March 1856.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Constant Jouffroy Duméry
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 27th March 1856, pursuant to the 9th Section.
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CONSTANT
JOUFFROY DUMÉRY, of Paris, in the Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SMOKE-PREVENTING APPARATUS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto
me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent
for the same, and have made solemn declaration that I am the first and true
Inventor thereof:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Constant Jouffroy Duméry, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal,
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say:--

page_text: Certain improvements in the mode of preventing smoke were secured to me
by Letters Patent, dated 18th January 1855, which improvements chiefly con-
sist, 1st, in new modes of ascension of the fuel; 2d, in the propulsion of the
fuel, whatever may be the mechanical means used for working the ascent upon
inclined planes or surfaces made pervious to the air, or, in other words,
admitting of the mixing of the air with the burning parts during the ascension.
The present application is intended to secure to me as my private property
the novel application of mechanical means for propelling the fuel in connection
with the issues or air passages, which constitute the main object of this, as they
did of my former Letters Patent, dated 18th January 1855, as was clearly set
forth by my former Complete Specification.
These new mechanical means of propulsion consist, first, in a continuous
propelling apparatus with stationary radii; second, in various arrangements,
such as movable surfaces, which allow the introduction of the fuel through
movable panels without the interference of any propeller.
I shall now describe these two novel means of conveying or propelling the
fuel. For obtaining a continuous ascension with only the assistance of star
wheels or stationary radii, I transform each radius or propelling paddle into a
.sort of comb, each tooth of which is made to engage between two subsequent
bars, so that the flat parts of the comb may fill up the interstices between the
-bars. In such a position, supposing the bars and the radii were rectangular
and the latter made to turn round their axis, there would bo a cutting or
breaking of the fuel engaged between each of them; but supposing either of
the two, or even both, made curved or oblique, the interposed bodies will be
driven or slide on both parts without suffering any alteration. Such is indeed
the arrangement shown at Figs. 1, 3, & 4; the fuel follows the direction of
the arrows, actuated by the central pinion shaft, which is moving in the same
direction. This arrangement allows the setting of my apparatus in a low and
'restricted piace, as shown at Figs. 3 & 4,
When very dry fuel is made use of, I may merely apply jointly with massy
'paddles stationary paddles slightly curved for the progressing fuel, being the
more easily disentangled, as shown at Fig. 5.
The second mode of propulsion by means of movable surfaces may be
effected in various manners: through circular grates; through bars sliding in
'two identical grooves, actuated by toothed wheels; through bars moved by an
endless chain.
The first process consists of drums made of disks, arranged at suitable
distances, and acting as grates, the full or solid parts and the vacant spaces

page_text: being in like proportions. These disks, as shown at Figs. 6, 7, & 8, are stayed
together, and it only suffices, either by a gear power or by lateral catches, to
impart to each disk a same analogous motion for the fuel starting on its ascen
sional progress. A stationary comb, forming an inclined surface, prevents the
dropping of the cinders or clinkers from the front edge of the grate, but this
can only be used for part of the apparatus, as shown at Figs. 9 & 10; nor
would it dispense of the use of a propeller, its only purpose being to facilitate
the conveying of the fuel, and thereby to effect the cleaning of the grates.
The second process consists in engaging the extreme ends of the transverse
bars into a groove, so contrived as to be conformable to the line the grate is to
describe, and to set the latter in motion by means of one or two toothed
wheels, the teeth of which are alike conformable to the interstices left between
each bar; the said bars are provided besides with small enlargements, for the
purpose of keeping them apart and parallel..
The third process consists of an endless chain, formed by two rows of links,
crossed by bars forming the joints, the whole being set in motion by means of
a toothed wheel.
In this, as well as in the before-mentioned system, the upper curve may con-
sist of a series of disks mounted on a central shaft and forming a turning grate,
which is set in motion either by the mass of the ascending fuel or by a special
power. I wish it to be distinctly understood that the present application, as
well as the object of my former Letters Patent relates, 1st, to the particular
mechanical means which have been described; and 2d, to the air passages
through inclined planes or surfaces upon which the fuel is conveyed, thereby a
continuous combustion is obtained, which is not interrupted by a fresh supply
of fuel, and the combustible gases are also oxygenized previous to combustion.
Thus, for metallurgical operations, and for such fire-places, the sides of which
are made accessible, I obtain the igneous result, which constitutes the object of
both the present and the former Letters Patent, by merely changing the form
of the grates and lowering the feed hole, as shown at Figs. 13, 14, & 15; in
which the raising plane may be simple or double, and consist of either straight
Jincs or fractions of the same, or curves; that is to say, I may, when the place
allows it, simplify the mechanical means of propulsion, making use of only such
parts in my apparatus as relate to the conveying of the fuel upon inclined sur-
faces which are made pervious to the air. This is evidently the main part of
my Invention, that which insures the success of all the various combinations I
have described in this and the former Specifications. .
It is almost needless to add, that the inversion of each of the various pro-
cesses I have just described may prove perfectly good and practicable, and that

page_text: from the combination of these processes with each other, or from the com-
bination of the same with those described in my former Specification above
alluded to, useful practical applications may result.
The following is a full and particular description of the annexed Sheet of
Drawings.
At Fig. 1, which is a section of a curved scuttle, horn, or trumpet, with its
'continuous feeding machinery, I is an axis, bearing the radii D, D, D, which
are in the line of the axis, of a size less than the average size of the lumps of
'fuel; D, arm or radius for pushing or propelling the fuel; E, movable plate,
'consisting of metallic blades inserted between the different series of the pro-
pelling radii, and forming as it were two combs, the teeth of which are
inserted into one another; G, hole through which the fuel is introduced; F,
part of the perforated or grated scuttle or trumpet, for the passage of air, and
near which combustion is effected.
Fig. 2 represents a part section of the stationary and radiating combs.
D, D, D, are the radii, keyed on the axis; c, c, c, c, metallic blades, constituting
the stationary part.
Fig. 3 is one of the various applications that the mechanism may be
liable to.
.
Fig. 4, curved scuttle or trumpet, with a double system of radiating grated
paddles, feeding at the center of the grate and taking the coal at the lower
part. In this Figure, D is a series of radii, forming parallel to the axis three
perforated or grated paddles or combs; E, series of bars, also forming in the
interstices of the teeth D a sort of open work, in which the said teeth D may
freely pass; F, curved plane, on which the raw fuel slides when pushed or
propelled by the teeth D; G, the direction in which fuel is introduced;
H, movable plate, turning with the shaft and the radiating paddles;
I, axis; J, bottom of the curved scuttle or trumpet.
Fig. 5 is a trumpet or curved scuttle with propelling apparatus, consisting of
solid paddles for artificial fuel. In this Figure, K is the axis; L, curved and
slightly arched paddles, for the better releasing the fuel; M, panels or sides of
'the trumpet or curved scuttle; N, perforated part, on which the mixing of the
'air and combustion are effected.
Fig. 6 shows a section of a charging scuttle with rotating grates or movable
panels.
Fig. 7, a side view or lateral elevation of a trumpet with rotating grates.
Fig. 8, a plan of a trumpet with circular rotating grates. In these three
last Figures the same letters of reference stand for the like parts. A, series
of disks, forming the curve and the grate of the upper part; B six series of

page_text: disks, each keyed on an axis, and so arranged and engaged as their upper
surface may assume the inner form of the trumpets or scuttles; C, axes of the
disks; D, ratchet wheels with teeth on their whole circumference; E, clicks
or fingers; F, circles or rings carrying all the click shafts, for imparting at
once, by an alternate to-and-fro 'impulse, a rotary motion to all the disks; G,
lateral panels, which may be but very slightly inclined, in consequence of the
propulsion of the fuel through the said panels..
Fig. 9 is a section of a double-feed trumpet, provided with four series of
turning disks, which form a surfaco partly grated, fitted to part of a stationary
trumpet or scuttle.
Fig. 10 is a view and plan of the double trumpet, shown at Fig. 9. A, axes
of the upper circular grates; A', axes of the lower circular grates, serving at
the same time to adjust the grates in the bottom of the trumpets;. "B, lower
grates; C, lower panels of the trumpets; D, lateral panels of the trumpets.
Figure 11 is a grate into which the fuel is introduced without direct pro-
pulsion, and so contrived as to be set into a fire box which is surrounded
with water. In this Figure, S shows a succession of disks, forming -a
cylindrical grate, and mounted on the axiss; T, T, bars, forming inclined planes,
on which combustion is to be effected after the mixing of the air; U, U, toothed
wheels, into which are brought to gear each of the bars that constitute the fuel-
conveying grate; u, u³, axes of the toothed wheels; V, V, V, bars; X, guiding
grooves, in which the extreme ends of the bars are engaged; Y; inclined plane,
admitting raw fuel; Z, panels or lateral sides of the fire-place.
Fig. 12, fire-place, similar to the before mentioned, with bars, which are
part of an endless wire web and various other dispositions. O, lateral
sides of the fire-place; P, cylinder, consisting of disks or rings, which form a
circular or cylindrical grate; Q, Q, axes, each bearing two wheels, into which
the framing or endless grate is brought to gear; R, chain or links, each axis
of which is a stud or bar; HI, the direction in which fuel is introduced.
Fig. 13 is a fire-place, the sides of which are accessible, and into which
fuel is manually propelled. In this Figure, A is a generator; B, a grate,
projecting in the center; C, an opening for the lateral admission of the air;
D, a table on which the fuel rests; E, opening for shoveling in the coal.
Fig. 14 is a reverberatory furnace, with secondary grate, and a feed hole
lowered to the lower level of the grate. In this last instance the lateral
admission of the air is effected through the masonry.
Fig. 15 shows a quite similar disposition, with straight grates and without
the lateral holes.

page_text: Figure 16 is a shovel, provided with an upper plate, in order to facilitate its.
drawing back.
To conclude, the various modes of ascension which have been specified, and
which, in truth, constitute the main object of these Letters Patent, cannot by
any means be effective but in connection with the free issues or passages for
the air, as described in my former Letters Patent, dated 18th January 1855,
which issues or passages are intended to oxygenize the combustible gases
previous to their introduction into the fire-place.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be carried into effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that what I claim as novel, and therefore being secured to me by
the herein-before in parts recited Letters Patent, is, the ascension of the
fuel, First, by means of screens or turning combs, as specified; second, by
means of disks forming grates; third, by means of movable bars actuated by
toothed wheels; fourth, by means of bars connected by two endless chains;
fifth, and lastly, by means of plain grates or inclined planes with lowering of
the feed holes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Constant Jouffroy Duméry, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this 19th day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.