IMPROVE- WEETS IN MICHIERRY BAD CLEANING WURAN AND OERD GRATE
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Dwight Mack, of the City, County, and
State of New York, U. S. of America, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
WEETS IN MICHIERRY BAD CLEANING WURAN AND OERD GRATE "
Sealed the 23rd July 1867, and dated the 18th February 1867.
I, SAMUEL DWIGHT MACK, of the City, County, and State of New York,
5 U. S. of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN," to be
as follows:-
The said improvements relate to the construction of a machine wherein
wheat or other grain is cleaned or separated from smut, garlic, cockles, and
I
O other substances partly by the adhesion of the latter to the surfaces of soft
rollers against which the grain is pressed by a central rotating cylinder, and

page_text: whence it
suitable, brushes; the separating process being com-
pleted by means of a fan or blower, the blast from which as the grain falls
to the bottom of the machine carries the garlic and other light substances over
an adjustable separating gauge and through an opening at the side of the
machine.
The frame of the said machine is somewhat similar in shape and size to
that of an ordinary farming mill, and a hopper or receiver is placed at the top
of the said frame into which the grain to be cleaned is first fed; this hopper
is provided with a rotating toothed cylinder which distributes the grain equally
over the aperture in the bottom of the said hopper, and causes it to fall
properly between the cylinder and rollers. The said cylinder is arranged
crosswise in the centre of the machine immediately under the hopper, and is
supported by its journals in adjustable bearings which rest in oblong lateral
openings in the sides of the frame. Four rollers are arranged inside the said
frame parallel with each other and with the large cylinder and at equal dis-
tances from the centre of the latter, the bearings for the journals of the said
rollers being also supported by the sides of the frame; these bearings form
the arc of a circle on one side of the central cylinder, and are so arranged
that the surfaces of the rollers are in close proximity to the said cylinder; the
latter when pressed against the rollers will therefore act equally upon each of
them. The surface of the cylinder is formed of metal or other hard material,
while the rollers are covered with felt, cloth, rubber, or other soft and pliable
substance. As the grain passes between the said cylinder and rollers the
cockles mingled therewith are caused by the pressure of the said cylinder to
adhere to the soft surface of the rollers, while the wheat falls to the bottom of
the machine. Adjustable brushes are arranged in connection with the rollers,
and are suspended upon metal straps or links which are pivoted to the sides
of the frame; these brushes serve to clean the surfaces of the rollers, and a
box is placed at the back of the machine to receive the cockles as they fall.
Each of the said rollers is provided at one end with a toothed pinion, and the
said pinions are geared into intermediate pinions which are arranged between
the roller pinions; by this means the said rollers are all caused to turn in the
same direction.
The fan or blower is enclosed in a drum or case which is attached to the
frame of the machine. One of the four rollers, carries on its end outside the
pinion a drum or pulley which is connected by a belt with a small pulley on
the end of the fan shaft; the other end of the said roller carries another drum
or pulley, around which a belt is passed to connect the same with a pulley

page_text: upon the end of the toothed cylinder in the hopper. A throat or aperture is
situated opposite the mouth of the fan; a hinged board or gauge is attached.
to the inner and lower side of this throat, and is provided with a set screw
whereby it may be adjusted to any desired angle. The blast of the fan carries
the garlic and other substances which are lighter than the grain over the gauge;
and through the throat or aperture while the grain falls down inside the said
gauge.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed'
by the said Samuel Dwight Mack in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th August 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
DWIGHT, MACK, of the City, County, and State of New York, United States;
of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,:
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors; give and grant unto me, the said.
Samuel Dwight Mack, Her special licence that I, the said Samuel Dwight:
Mack, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Samuel Dwight Mack, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with; and no others, from time to time and at all times:
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might.
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
and Ireland, the Channel. Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Dwight Mack, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the.
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Dwight Mack, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per- :
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following

page_text: statement, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings
forming a part of this Specification:-
The said improvements relate to the construction of a machine wherein
wheat or other grain is cleaned or separated from smut, garlick, cockles, and
other substances, partly by the adhesion of the same to the surfaces of soft rollers,
against which the grain is pressed by a central rotating cylinder, and whence
it is removed by suitable brushes; the separating process being completed by
means of a fan or blower, the blast from which as the grain falls to the
bottom of the machine carries the garlic and other light substances over an
adjustable separating gauze and through an opening at the side of the
Figures 1 and 2 are side elevations of my improved machine, and Figure 3
is a vertical section of the same; like letters indicate the same parts in each
of the Figures.
A represents the frame of the machine which is constructed in shape and
size very similar to the ordinary fanning mill frame; at one end of this frame
is a drum or case, in which is properly secured an ordinary grain fan D; E
represents a large cylinder which is centrally located within the frame A,
lying crosswise in the said frame, and provided at its ends with journals which
have their bearings in the sides of the frame in oblong openings g. Springs
secured to the sides of the frame press against the ends of these journals for
the purpose of making the cylinder E press or bear against the four rollers F,
which lie crosswise in the frame A with their journals resting in bearings in
the sides of the same; the bearings of the rollers F are in the arc of a circle
to correspond with the periphery of the cylinder E, so that when the said
cylinder is pressed against the rollers Fits periphery will touch each of the said
rollers. The cylinder E has a hard or solid periphery, while the peripheries
of the rollers are soft or pliable, being made of felt, cloth, rubber, leather, or
any similar material. 8, 8, 8, represent small gear wheels upon the ends of
the rollers F, F, which gear into the idle wheels s¹, sl, sl, so that the rollers
all have motion in the same direction; K is a drum wheel secured upon the
end of one of the rollers outside of its gear wheel, and around which a belt
passes to a small drum upon the end of the fan shaft. At the other end of
this roller above spoken of is a drum m, around which a belt passes, the said
belt also passing around a drum upon the shaft of the cylinder H. a, a,
represent a series of long brushes which are hung across the frame and inside

page_text: of it in such a manner that they can be adjusted to or from the peripheries of
the rollers F; this adjustment is effected by securing the said brushes at their
ends to metallic straps, which straps are pivoted to the sides of the frame, as
seen at b, b; C is a box placed at the back of the machine to catch the
cockles as they fall from the rollers; G is a throat, through which most of the
air draught from the fan passes. To the inner and lower side of this throat is
hinged a gauge board, which is adjusted to any desired angle by means of a set
screw; B is the hopper of the machine, and H is a toothed cylinder which
lies longitudinally near the bottom of the said hopper; the hopper is provided
with a narrow opening at its bottom, through which the grain passes to the
rollers below. In using this machine the grain to be cleaned is placed in the
hopper B, and the machine is set in motion. The revolving toothed cylinder H
serves to distribute equally or evenly the grain in the opening in the bottom
of the hopper, so that it will be properly received upon or between the
peripheries of the rollers and cylinder E. The grain after falling from the
hopper first passes between the upper roller and the cylinder E; the surface
of the one being hard and the other yielding, and the grain being smooth and
the cockle bearded, the latter by the pressure of the cylinder derived from the
springs 9 adheres to the roller and is separated from the wheat, being carried
around until it reaches the brush of the roller; it is there removed from the
roller by the brush, and falling upon the dividing board P passes back into
the box C, the brushes being either stationary or revolving according to the
nature of the work; the wheat now passes between the next roller and the
cylinder, and then the next and the next, the last roller serving to remove any
cockle or smut which the preceeding rollers had left behind. The brushes to
each roller remove the cockle or other foreign substance as the rollers revolve
on the opposite side to which it was received; after the grain has passed the
last roller it is subjected to the blast from the fan, the course of which is
indicated by the arrows 1; the grain then falls out at the bottom of the
machine in the direction of arrow 2; the gauge f is intended to separate
the garlic which passes through and falls from the lower roller, and the
separation is effected in this way:-The wheat being heavier than the garlic
the gauge f is set just close enough to the falling wheat to prevent its being
caught or blown upon the said gauge by the blast; the garlic being lighter
than the wheat is blown a little further, and catching upon the gauge is carried
out at the throat G.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and shown how the same
may be conveniently and advantageously carried into practice, I claim,

page_text: First, the arrangement of the cylinder E, the rollers F, F, F, in the arc of
a circle described by a radius from cylinder E, together with the adjustable
brushes a, a, a, and dividing board P, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Second, the throat G with its gauge board f, rollers F, cylinder E, and fan D,
arranged and employed as and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Dwight Mack, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.