Improvements in Cap Spinning and Twisting Machines.
Year: 1887

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cap Spinning and Twisting Machines.
I, LEEDHAM BINNS of 2438 North Sixth Street Philadelphia in the County of
Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania United States of America, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This Invention relates to the guards used in cap spinning and twisting frames to
prevent the several yarns from interfering or entangling with each other when being
spun and twisted. It has been customary to use what are known as double guards
between the caps. These guards, which are of a flat or straight construction, are
fixed in an upright manner to the back rail of the machine by one or more wings
projecting at right angles to the bodies of the guards. Said guards generally run up
to the underside of the top board of the machine and extend to the bottom or a little
below the bottom of the caps, each spindle being between two guards excepting the
last spindle at both ends of the row-that is-on each side of the machine. With these
double guards, as the whirl tubes of the frame are rotated, the yarn at each revolution
strikes first against the guard on the one side and then the guard on the other side
and is liable also to strike against the back-board too. Thus, if the speed of the yarn
be very rapid, say at the rate of seven thousand (7,000) revolutions per minute, it is
liable to strike against the flat guards on the right and left of it, and against the flat
surface of the back board of the machine on which the guards are fixed. This would
amount to twenty one thousand (21,000) strikes per minute. Such frequent strikes or
battering of the yarn causes the latter to loose or throw off a quantity of material
("fuzz or hairs) which is "waste," and leaves the yarn with a roughened appearance.
Part of such detached particles or matter catches on and holds to the guards, filling
up the corners or angular spaces both to the left and right and under the back of the
top board of the machine. This it does to an extent that, if not removed by cleaning
at frequent intervals, it is liable to be caught and dragged in with the yarn in lumps
or "slubs "thereby making the yarn imperfect and "slubby" looking which greatly
depreciates its value. It is very troublesome, however, to clean these old style or
double guards, mainly owing to the several angular spaces they present for the collec-
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page_text: tion of fuzz" or matter thrown off by the striking yarn. This is a cause of great
loss of time, waste of material and imperfect yarn.
My Invention has for its object the removal of these defects, and the production of
a smoother and better yarn; and it consists in a novel construction of the guards used
between the caps of a cap spinning and twisting frame, substantially as hereinafter
described and pointed out in the claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this speci-
fication, in which figure 1 represents a mainly sectional side view only of so much of
a cap spinning and twisting frame as is necessary to illustrate my Invention, the same
shewing but a single spindle and cap with parts immediately pertaining thereto, and
with my improved guard applied. Figure 2 is a partially sectional plan view shewing
the back board of the machine and a pair of my improved guards applied to a couple
of caps and their spindles. Figure 3 is a front elevation of one of the guards
detached. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.
A indicates the back board of a cap spinning and twisting frame or machine, and B
the usual top board thereof. C is one of the top rollers, and D one of the bottom
rollers, between which and down through an eye in the top board each yarn 6 passes
to its respective spindle c or bobbin d thereon. E is the spindle cap, e the whirl by
which the whirl tube e¹ is rotated upon the fixed spindle e, f is the traversing rail and g
the foot or spindle rail, all as in other cap spinning and twisting frames.
b
GG are the stationary guards between the caps E. These guards run up to the
underside of the top-board B and extend to the bottom of, or a little below, the caps or
thereabouts, as usual. Said guards, which may be made out of sheet metal, are bent
or shaped so that they assume in horizontal or transverse section, a partly circular
form corresponding to, or approximating, a half circle concave on their inside at their
backs, and in some cases I make their tops of a partial bell or dome shape
thereby entirely dispensing with all angular nooks and corners and allowing the
yarn to travel perfectly at ease and so that, as it is rotated, it will only once at
each revolution strike the guard or guards on what may be termed the going on
side that is on the left or right hand side accordingly as the yarn is being spun or
being twisted or doubled, instead of striking on the sides of adjacent guards and
inner surfaces of the back board. This reduction in the striking of the yarn
enables the latter to be twisted more perfectly and steadier, and the yarn coming in
contact with the interior curved surface of the guard has its outside fibres rolled on
to it, instead of being battered, thereby causing less "waste" and making a smoother
or polished yarn. No awkward corners or angular spaces are left, too, within the
guards or between them and the back board or top board, for the collection of
hairs" "fuzz" or "waste" but the guards may be quickly wiped out by rubbing a
and down within them if necessary, at distant periods of time, to remove
any such material as may be left there, instead of having to frequently pick it out of
angular spaces between the guards, back board, and top board. This will greatly
economize labor and there will be less "waste." The guards G may be fastened
to the back board A by a single row of screws s arranged centrally down the
back of them. Their forward vertical edges which stand out in front on opposite
sides of the cap, are preferably constructed so that the one edge is plain and straight
while the other edge 7 is turned over to form a lap or pocket for the plain straight
edge of the next guard to engage and fit within, after the fashion of a tongue and
groove joint. This construction provides for the several guards throughout the
whole row of spindles, or for any number of them, supporting one another in front,
thus making them solid or substantial in front as well as at their backs, instead of, as
in the case of the ordinary double guards, depending upon wings to hold them at
their backs, and leaving them loose or free in front, and consequently liable to get
out of position.
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up
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is ;
1. The within described stationary guard for cap spinning and twisting frames,
,

page_text: having a back of partly circular construction and adapted to enclose the cap at its
back and sides, substantially as specified.
2. The within described stationary guard for cap spinning and twisting frames,
adapted to enclose the cap at its back and sides, and having a partly circular back
and partly dome-shaped top, essentially as described.
3. The within described guard for cap spinning and twisting frames, of partly
circular construction at its back h, and having a straight front edge & on one side and
a turned over front edge on its opposite side, substantially as specified.
4. The combination, in a cap spinning and twisting frame, of a series of guards G
having curved backs continuous with their sides and made to interlock with one
another by tongue and groove joint down their front edges, the back board A to which
said guards are secured in their rear, the top board B, the caps E, and spindles c,
essentially as described.
L. BINNS.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London,
Patent Agents.