IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING BAGS OF PAPER OR OTHER: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, of' 16; Castle.
Street, Holborn, in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING BAGS OF PAPER OR OTHER:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 30th May 1854.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn
(City), London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING BAGS OF PAPER OR OTHER
SUITABLE MATERIAL" to be as follows:-
The working parts of the machine, with the exception of the printing and
drying apparatuses, are erected upon a suitable bed, & the movements of all
the parts are derived from the main shaft. The paper from which the bags
are made is in a roll, of a width suitable to the depth of the bags. One end
is led between feeding rollers, caused to revolve and unwind a sufficient
length of material to form the bag, and then remain stationary for a time.
The material which has been drawn between the feed rollers lays upon an
inclined plane, and is cut off by a shear blade; other blades also cut away part

page_text: of one edge, so that the remaining part of the saine edge can, when the piece
is doubled, be lapped over it to form the bottom of the bag.
The blade, which I term the folding creaser, creases the sheet and folds it by
driving the crease through a slot, rising as soon as it has driven the fold
through far enough to be seized by a pair of rollers, which draw the folded
piece through the slot, and assisted by two other rollers, carry it into a swing-
ing frame, which I term the conveyer, whence it passes upon an endless
apron, with that side of the fold which has the lapping pieces for the bottom
and sides of the bag underneath, and thence passes to the pasting and lapping
apparatus.
The conveyer receives a swinging movement, rising to a certain height and
descending to a certain point, remaining for somo time in either position. When
in the former, it receives the folded paper; and when in the latter position, the
paper is taken from it by the apron, which is composed of a number of bands,
and receives one movement for every revolution of the driving shaft, & then is
stationary for a time. One of these movements of the apron serves to carry
the folded material from the conveyer to the bottom pasting and lapping
apparatus, where the bottom of the bag is closed, and the next movement to
carry it from the bottom pasting and lapping apparatus to the side pasting
and lapping apparatus, where the side of the bag is closed; another endless
apron assists in carrying the paper and in holding it still during the pasting
and lapping operations, the apparatus for which consists of a brush, or piece
of wood or metal, with a strip of leather attached, and is near the centre of the
machine, in order to paste the side, and near the bottom of the machine, in
order to paste and lap the bottom of the bag. The paste feeder consists of a
cylinder, which receives a constant rotary motion and revolves in the paste
trough, collecting sufficient paste to supply the paster every time it passes.
The lapper consists of a straight square shaft, which lays along the edge of
the lapping table, and is an eccentric, capable of moving from the front of the
table to the top; when in the former position, one of its sides is flush with the
table, and thus it remains, except during the folding over of the lap. The
material is deposited by the aprons, with the part which is to form the lap on
the top of the lapper, and while in this position the paster in passing pastes it,
and then the creaser comes down upon the line where the lapping commences,
and holds it while the lapper commences turning over on to the top of the
table. The creaser is withdrawn in time to escape the lapper, which turns
over and turns the pasted lap over the edge of the upper part of the bag,
& then returns to its former position, to allow the bag to be thrown out of
the machine by the succeeding movements of the aprons. The lapping &

page_text: pasting of the bottoms of the bags is operated in a similar manner, with the
mechanism somewhat modified. The bag is printed by means of a typo
cylinder, revolving suitably with the velocity of the bag to be operated on, and
inked by rollers.
The bag is dried in a chamber at the end of the machine, through which a
current of air circulates, and into which they are carried by an apron or series
of cords. Thus, (as will be more fully explained in my complete Specification,)
by the general arrangement of the whole machinery herein given in outline, a
piece of paper or other suitable material is cut of the proper shape from a roll,
folded, pasted, lapped, printed, & dried in one continuous operation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed by
the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn (City), London,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, Her special licence that I, the said
Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING BAGS OF PAPER OF
OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL," a communication, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, by an instrumient
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the samo to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar mouths next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patcut.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, do
hereby declare the nature of the said, Invention, and in what manner the samo
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in a novel arrangement and combination of shears
for cutting the paper or material to the required form; in certain means of
conveying the
paper after it is cut and folded to the apparatus by which it is
to be pasted and formed into a bag; in certain means of pasting the parts
which require to be united, and of lapping the said parts; in certain apparatus
for drying the pasted parts of the bags; and in certain combinations of cutting,
folding, conveying, pasting, printing, and drying apparatuses; and a combina-
tion of the whole of the said apparatuses, whereby a machine is produced
which takes in a roll of paper or other suitable material, and delivers bags in
a finished state, dried, and having printed, upon them any desired trade mark
or other device or inscription.
The accompanying Drawings represent a machine embracing all the features
of my Invention. In Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 is a longi-
tudinal vertical section, seen looking in the same direction. as Fig. 1. Fig. 3
is a sectional view of the side pasting and lapping apparatus for pasting the
side of the bag, taken looking in the same direction as in Fig. 2, but having
its framery omitted, in order to show the parts distinctly. Fig. 4 is a sectional
view of the aprons and rollers which carry the bags through the drying appa-
ratus. Fig. 5 is a plan of the conveyer, which conveys the paper from the
folding apparatus to the aprons, which carry it to the pasting and lapping
apparatus.
In Sheet 2, Fig. 6 is an elevation of the opposite side of the machine to
Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is a plan of the whole machine; Fig. 8 is a transverse vertical
section, taken in the line of Figs. 2 and 6, looking in the direction of the
arrow 7. Fig. 9 is an end view of the bottom pasting and lapping apparatus
for pasting the bottom of the bag, taken looking in the same direction as in
Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a longitudinal view of one of the paste brushes; Fig. 11
exhibits the shape of the piece of paper from which a bag is made; Fig. 12
exhibits the piece folded, but not yet having the edges lapped.
Similar letters of reference indicato corresponding parts in the several
Figures.
The working parts of the machine, with the exception of the printing and
drying apparatuses, are all supported by two side frames A, A, which are made
partly of wood and partly of iron, but which may be made wholly of wood or
iron; these are erected upon a suitable bed A', and the movements of all the

page_text: parts are derived from the main shaft B, to which continuous rotary motion is
given by any suitable means in the direction of the arrow (80), shown in Fig. 1.
The
paper from which the bags are made, which is represented in brown
color, in Fig. 2 of the Drawing, is in a roll of a width suited to the depth of tho
bags, and is wound upon a reel C, whose axle (a) turn freely in suitable
bearings in tho upper part of the framing near one end of the machine. One
end is led between the two feeding rollers D, D', which are placed near the
reed in suitable bearings, and receive an intermittent rotary motion, being
caused during a part of each revolution of the main shaft to make as many
revolutions as are necessary. to take off or unwind from the reel a sufficient
length of paper to form the bag, and then remain stationary till the revolution
of the main shaft is concluded. The feeding rollers receive their motion in the
following manner:-The roller D' is furnished at one end (see Fig. 1,) with a
spur wheel E, which gears with a larger spur wheel F, which has teeth on a
part only of its circumference, and is secured to a shaft (c), which is parallel
with tho rollers, and is furnished with a sprocket wheel H, over which runs
an endless chain G from another sprocket wheel I on the main shaft. The
shaf (c) receives a constant rotary motion from the main shaft, and gives
rotary motion to the roller D', while the toothed part of the circumference of
the wheel F is passing the wheel E, but ceases to do so when that part having
no teeth is passing. The roller D receives motion through the contact of the
paper with the periphery, or, if thought desirable, may be geared with D'. The
paper which has been drawn between the feed rollers lays upon an inclined
plane or table J on the upper part of the framing, as shown at (6) in Fig. 2;
and as soon as the rollers have performed the necessary revolutions to deliver
the paper for a bag and have become stationary, the three shear blades (d, e, f,)
come into operation, the arm (d) cutting off the piece (b) from the roll, and (e)
and (f) cutting away part of one edge, so that the remaining part of the same
edge can, when the piece is doubled, be lapped over it, to make the joint or
seam in the bottom of the bag. The form of the piece after it is cut is shown
in brown outline in Fig. 7; the lines 1, 2, showing the form of the picce cut
out by (e) and (f); but in order to show the form more distinctly, Fig. 11' is
given, in which the dotted lines represent the part cut out by (e) and f. The
shear blade (d) hangs on a pin (3), see Figs. 7 & 8,) at one side of the
machine, and cuts on tlie edge of a bar (g) in front of the feed rollers. (e)
hangs on a pin (4), (see Figs. 2 and 6,) and cuts on the side edge (h) of the
lower part of the inclined plane J, which is made narrower than the upper part,
in order, that the part of the paper to be cut away may stand out beyond tho
edge (h). (f) hangs on a pin (5), (see Figs. 6 and 7,) and cuts on the edge of a

page_text: fixed strip of steel (i), which stands out from the table J at a right angle to the
edge (h), where the point of the shear blade (c) meets it in cutting, as shown
in Fig. 7. The edge (g) and the edge (h) are steeled, and the shear blades
(d), (e), (f), may be steel bars, or wooden or iron bars, having strips of steel
secured to them. The shear blades are all caused to descend and make their
cuts by means of a cam K on the main shaft B, (see Fig. 6), which once,
during every revolution of the shaft, comes into operation under and raises the
end of a short lever L, hung on a fulcrum pin (5) in the side of the framing.
This lever I. is connected by a strap or link K to one arm of a long lever M,
which hangs on a fulcrum pin (1) in the framing; the other arm of the said
lever connecting, by a rod (m), with another lever N on a fulcrum (n), and the
said lever N by a rod (o), with the shear arm (d). The lever M is connected
also by a rod (p) to the shear arm (e). By the action of the cam K on the
lever L, the shear blades (d) and (c) are brought down and caused to pass the
edges (9) and (k), and as (c) descends, its end being suitably formed for the
purpose, as represented at (e¹) in Figs. 6 and 7), presses on the end of (f), and
forces it down past the edge of (i); thus it will be seen that all the shear
blades operate at the same time.
They are all raised after the projection of the cam K, which operates on the
lever L, has passed that lever and ceased to operate upon it, by the agency
of a spring M, attached to the framing and to the end of the lever M, as
shown in Fig. 6.
A piece of paper is now supposed to be cut to the proper form for a bag,
and the next operation is that of folding it. By refering to Figs. 2 and 7, it
will be seen that there is a narrow slot (9), extending from the edge (h) of the
inclined plane J, nearly all across it. This slot is immediately above the points
of the shear arms (c) and (f), and its lower side forms a continuation of the
edge of the strip of steel (i), on which the shear arm (f) cuts.
Over the lower part of the inclined plane there are two levers (0, 0), which
vibrate on a shaft P, and which carry at their upper ends a blunt-edged blade
(r), so arranged as to be capable when it descends of passing through the
slot (2).
The slot is at such a distance from the line where the sheet is cut off by the
shear arm (c) as to make that part of the piece of paper which is above the
slot so much longer or deeper than the part below it, as is required for the
width of the lap, for the side of the bag.
By the descent of the frame (o, o), as shown in red color in Fig. 2, the
blade (7), which I term the folding creaser, creases the sheet and folds it by
driving the crease through the slot, rising as soon as it has driven the fold

page_text: through far enough to be seized by a pair of rollers (s, s), which draw the
folded piece through the slot. The folding creaser is operated in the following
manner immediately after the piece is cut out:-On one end of its shaft P
there is an arm (t), (see Figs. 1 and 7,) and on a shaft R, which is placed near
to and parallel with the shaft P, and which receives a constant rotary motion
through the endless chain G, running over a sprocket wheel R; on one end of
it there is a cam (u), shown in dotted outline in Fig. 1, which strikes down
the arm (t) once during every revolution, and thus brings down the folding
creaser. As soon as the cam (u) passes the arm (t) the creaser is raised by a
weight (v), which is secured to the opposite ends of the levers (0, 0). As the
sprocket wheel R is the same size as that, I, on the main shaft, the shaft R
makes one revolution for every revolution of the main shaft. The folded piece
of paper is carried by the rollers (s, 8), already mentioned, and two other rollers
s', s', into a swinging frame Q, Q, which I term the conveyer, and by the con-
veyer is deposited upon an endless apron U, with that side of the fold which
has the lapping pieces for the bottom and sides of the bag underneath, as
represented in Fig. 12, and is then carried to the pasting and lapping appa-
ratus. It is shown in brown color at (6') in Fig. 2, just entering the conveyer.
The conveyer consists of four or five, or any suitable number of parallel
wooden or metal arms Q, Q, attached to a shaft (y), which rests in bearings
in the side of the framing, and a number of lighter bars (a) of metal or wood
attached, one to the under side of each arm. The bars (a) are attached near
the shaft, and a small strip of wood or metal (r) is placed transversely between
then and the arms Q, which serves at the same time to keep the bars far
enough from the arms to allow room for the folded paper, and as a stop, to
prevent the paper running too far. This strip should be secured by set screws
(a). At the entrance to the conveyer, the spaces between the arms are filled
by rollers (x).
The conveyer receives a swinging movement, rising as high as the position
shown in black outline in Fig. 2, and descending as far as the position shown
in red outline, remaining for some time in either position; when in the
former, it receives the folded paper, which is represented at (6') in brown color
in the last named Figure, as entering it; when in the latter position, the
paper is taken from it by motion of the apron U. This apron is composed
of a number of tapes or bands, and there is space enough between them to
admit the bars (a), so that the paper may be laid right down upon the apron.
The movement of the conveyer is effected through a cam X, shown in dotted
outline in Fig. 1, and having its edge, shown in Fig. 7, on the main shaft,

page_text: which operates upon one end of a lever T, which is attached by a fulcrum
pin () to the side of the framing. The other end of this lever is attached
by a rod (6) to an arm (8), secured to the conveyer shaft (y). During one
portion of the revolution of the main shaft, the cam forces down its end of
the lever, and keeps the other end raised to hold up the conveyer; but at
the proper time for the conveyer to descend, the cam gently sets the lever
free, and allows the conveyer to descend, by reason of its own weight, and
deposit the paper upon the apron U.
When the paper is deposited upon the apron, the rollers (a) rest upon it
just above a roller (9), which assists in supporting the apron; and the rollers
(a) and (9), all receiving motion from the apron, assist in taking the paper
from the conveyer. Tho roller (9) is grooved to receive the bars (a), which
would otherwise prevent the; paper being laid upon the apron.
The movement of the rollers (s, s,) and s', s³, is constant, and is given by the
chain G, which runs under a sprocket wheel (w), (see Fig. 1), on the end of 1
the shaft of one of the rollers (s, s). The other roller s may be geared with the
first one, or may be caused to revolve by the contact of the paper.
One of the rollers (s', s',) receives motion from the first roller s, by means of
tapes (10), (see Fig. 2), which also assist in conducting the paper between
them to the conveyer; the other receives motion through the contact of the s
paper.
The tapes or bands which constitute the endless apron U run round the
rollers V & W, working in bearings in the sides of the framing, the latter
of which receives an intermittent rotary motion by means of a spur wheel (11)
on one end (see Fig. 6), which gears another spur wheel (12) on the driving 2
shaft, which has teeth on a part only of its circumference (see Fig. 6). This
causes the apron to receive one movement for every revolution of the driving
shaft, and then to become stationary for a time. One of these movements of
the apron serves to carry the folded paper from the conveyer to the bottom
pasting and lapping apparatus, where the bottom of the bag is closed, and s
the next movement to carry it from the bottom pasting and lapping appa-
ratus to the side pasting and lapping apparatus, where the side of the bag is
closed.
The endless apron U is assisted in carrying the paper, and also in holding it
still during the pasting and lapping operations, by another endless apron Y 3
above. The latter endless apron runs round two rollers Z, Z', working in
bearings in the sides of the framing, and receives the same motion as the
former one, in consequence of the rollers Z and W being geared together.

page_text: Within the apron U are two rollers U, U, which work in bearings in the
side framing; the former being placed immediately under the roller Z' and the
latter under the roller Z2, which is placed within the apron Y. The two
lower rollers serve as a table for the folded paper to rest firmly upon when
having the bottom pasted and lapped; and the two upper ones, which are
allowed some vertical play, rest with all their weight on the paper, to hold it
in place.
The apparatus for pasting and lapping the bottom of the bag is at the side
of the machine, and that which pastes the side is near the centre of the machine
in the immediate neighbourhood of the main shaft, in fact, has part of it
attached directly to it. The operation of that which pastes and laps the side
can, perhaps, be more easily understood, and therefore I will proceed to describe
that first, although it does not come into operation till after the other. It
is shown best in Fig. 2; it consists of a paster, paste feeder, paste trougb,
creaser, and lapping table. The paster (13) consists of a brush, or a piece of
wood or metal, with a strip of leather attached, and is of sufficient length to
paste the whole length of the lap at once; it is attached by two arms (14)
to the main shaft B, with which it revolves, and once during every revolu-
tion comes in contact with the paste feeder (15) and is supplied with
paste.
This feeder (15) consists of a cylinder, which receives a constant rotary
motion through a spur wheel (16) on the main shaft, gearing with another
spur wheel (17) on its own axis; it revolves in the paste trough (18), and
collects therefrom sufficient paste to supply the paster every time the latter
passes it. The lapper consists of a straight square shaft (20), which lays along
the edge of the lapping table (21), which is a narrow stationary table running
across the framing; it has journals resting in bearings in the sides of the
framing.
The axis of its journals is precisely in the line of junction of the shaft
with the edge of the table (21), and thus the shaft is eccentric, and is
capable of moving from the front of the table (as shown in Fig. 2) to the top
(as shown in Fig. 3).
When in the former position, one of its sides is flush with and forms a
continuation of the table, and in this position it remains, except during the
folding over of the lap. The paper is deposited by the aprons with the part
which is to form the lap on the top of the lapper, as represented by (&), in
brown colour, in Fig. 2; and while it is in this position, the paster in passing
pastes it, and immediately after this the creaser, which consists of a long blunt

page_text: edged blade (22), attached by arms (23) to a rock shaft (24), comes down
upon the line where the lapping commences, which is close to the edge of the
upper side of the bag, and holds it while the lapper commences turning over
on to the top of the table. The creaser is withdrawn in time to escape the
lapper, which turns over and turns the pasted lap over the edge of the upper
part of the bag (as shown in Fig. 3), and then returns to its former position
to allow the bag to be thrown out of the machine by the succeeding move-
ment of the aprons.
The creaser is caused to descend and perform its duty by means of a long
lever (25), (see Figs. 3 and 6,) which works on a fulcrum pin (61) outside the
framing, and is attached by a rod (62) to one of the creaser armis (23). This
lever is depressed every time it is necessary for the creaser to operate by means
of a rod (26), which is attached to the longer end of another lever (27),
which hangs on a fulcrum pin (76) within the framing, and has its shorter
end moved by a stud (28) on the main shaft B once during every revolution.
The creaser is raised after the stud (28) has passed the end of the lever (27),
by a spring (29) attached to the frame, and connected by a rod with one of
the creaser arms, shown in Fig. 1, and dotted in Fig. 3. The lapper is turned
over to make the lap through the agency of the same stud (28) which actuates
the creaser, the said stud raising one end of a lever (31), hung on a fulcrum
(77) on the inside of the framing, the said lever (31) having its opposite end
connected by a link (32) with the shorter arm of a lever (33), which works on
a fulcrum (78) on the inside of the framing. The longer arm of the lever 33
has a strap (67) attached, which passes partly round a pulley (34), which is
secured to one end of the lapper concentrically to its axis, and which by being
drawn upwards turns over the lapper on the top of the table. The lapper is
returned or thrown down after the stud (28) passes the lever (31) by a
spring (35), which is attached to the opposite side of the framing to the levers
(31), (33), &c., and connected by a cord or strap (68) with a pulley, similar
to 34, on the opposite end of the lapper, the latter cord or strap passing
round its pulley in the opposite direction to the strap (67). The position of
the spring (35) and the cord (68) are shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3.
To return to the bottom pasting and lapping apparatus at the side of the
machine, I will first remark, that it is essentially the same as that which
pastes and laps the side of the bag, but its position requires it to be operated
by somewhat different mechanism, which will be best understood by referring
to Figs. 8 and 9.
The lapper (38) is similar to the other one, and is applied in a similar

page_text: manner to its lapping table (58), opposite which the bag arrives when the
aprons become stationary, and the pasting & lapping apparatuses come into
operation. The position of the bag at this time is represented in Fig. 2 by (6)
in brown color.
The lapper (38), the paster shaft (40), the creaser shaft (45), and the
paster feeder shaft 42), have their journals fitted to bearings in a side framing
(63, 63), which is attached to the main framing A, and they are all at right
angles with the corresponding parts of the other pasting and lapping appa-
ratus. The paster shaft (40) & the paste feeder shaft (42) are geared
together, & receive a constant rotary motion by gearing from a shaft (41),
which is driven by bevel gearing (103) from the main or driving shaft B, (as
shown in Fig. 6). The paste feeder (60), instead of being a cylinder, like that
(15), is represented as merely a segment, attached by arms to its shaft (42).
This change is merely to show that either a segment or complete cylinder
serves the purpose.
It supplies the paster (39) from a trough (43) placed on a shelf on the
side framing (63, 63). The creaser (44) is thrown down into operation by
the action of a stud (46), attached to the paster shaft (40), upon an arm (47)
attached to the creaser shaft, and is raised after its operation by a spring (52)
which is attached to the framing & connected by a rod (65) to the outer end
of one of the creaser arms (66).
The lapper (38) is thrown over upon the table (58), to make the lap, by a
strap (48), which is attached by one end to and passes partly round a pulley
(49), (see Fig. 9,) placed on one end of it; the other end of this strap is con-
nected to one end of a lever (50), which rocks on a fulcrum (51), and has its
other end attached to an upright rod (53), which works in a guide on the
framing. This rod has a step on its side, which is struck during every rovo-
lution of the paster shaft by a stud (75) on the said shaft, and is forced
downwards, thus raising the opposite end of the lever and turning over the
lapper. The lapper is thrown back off the lapping table by a spring (54),
which is attached to the frame, & to a cord (55), which is attached to a
pulley, similar to the pulley (49), & passes round the said pulley in an
opposite direction to that in which the strap (48) passes round the pulley
(49). In order that the paper may not be impeded in its progress to and from
the bottom pasting apparatus, the pulleys (49), (see Fig. 9,) have each a deep
slot (81), through which the paper passes.
The pasters (13) & (39) have the arms (14, 14), by which they are con-
nected to their shafts, B & (40), fitting so as to slide freely through the shafts.

page_text: This is for the purpose of enabling them to receive an eccentric motion, in
order to make them clear the edges of the paste throughs, and to prevent them
pasting the aprons, meeting the creasers, or pasting too much of the paper.
The mode of their attachment to their shafts is illustrated in Fig. 10. Tho
arms (14) have nuts at their back ends, to prevent the pasters being detached
from the shafts; and the pasters, when in the position in which they paste the
lap or feed themselves, are forced out as far as is allowed by the nuts, by
means of springs (36), placed between them and the shafts; but after having
passed over the lap and pasted it, and after having taken a new feed of paste,
they are drawn towards their shafts, by their ends coming in contact with
stationary eccentric ways (37), secured to the inside of the framing (see par-
ticularly Figs. 2 & 8).
The printing of the bag is performed, during its movement from the bottom
pasting & lapping apparatus to the side pasting & lapping apparatus, by
means of a type cylinder (69), which has a shaft working in bearings in the
sides of a light framing (79), erected on the bed plate, and which stands
between the tapes of the apron U.
This cylinder revolves at such a speed that the type moves with the same
velocity as the bag. It receives motion through a spur wheel (80) at one
end, which is geared through an intermediate wheel (104), with a spur wheel
(105) on the shaft of the roller W. It is inked by means of inking rollers
(70), which are supplied by rollers such as are commonly used from an ink
trough (71). The inking apparatus is all driven by gearing from the type
cylinder shaft. The pressure necessary to produce the impression is given by
a pressure roller (72) above the type cylinder, the impression being given to
the under side of the bag.
The drying of the bag is performed in a closet or chamber (78) at the end
of the machine, next the side pasting and lapping apparatus. This closet is
intended to have a current of air, either cold or heated, caused to circulate
through it in the manner of the drying appartments for drying cloths. The
bags are carried into it upon an apron, which is composed of a series of cords
(74), represented in black outlines in Figs. 2, 4, 7. These cords run round a
series of rollers, (82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88,) which turn in bearings in the
sides of the chamber.
These rollers are all parallel with each other, but stand in a position oblique.
to the rollers of the previously described aprons U, Y, as shown in Fig. 7.
After the side is pasted and lapped, and the bag is finished, with the exception
of being dried, the next movement of the aprons U, Y, carries it over

page_text: the lapping table (21) & lapper (20) to a pair of rollers (89, 89), one of
which is furnished outside the franie with a spur wheel (90), which gears
with and receives motion from the spur wheel (91) on the main shaft (sce
Fig. 1).
These rollers seize the bag, & with the aid of another pair of rollers,
(92, 92,) and tapes (98), which pass round one of these and one of the former
ones, carry it down, as represented at (6), in brown color, in Fig. 2, and deposit
it upon the apron (74). After each bag is deposited upon the apron, the latter
moves just so far, that when another bag is deposited upon it, the side lap of
the former is left exposed or uncovered.
The oblique direction which is given to the apron, relatively to the position
of the sides of the bags, will cause the bottom lap of such to be left uncovered
by its successor; thus both the side and bottom laps are left exposed, as shown
in Fig. 7, where some bags (6, 6, 7, 6,) are shown in brown color. The
movements of the apron are produced by a cam (94) on the main shaft, (see
Figs. 6 & 7,) which once during every revolution of the main shaft depresses
a vertical.bar (95), (see Fig. 6,) sliding in guides on the framing, and causes a
spring pawl (96), attached to the said rod,. to act upon and turn a ratchett
wheel (97), which is secured to the shaft of the roller (82), the said rod (95)
being raised after the ratchet is operated by a spring (101). The roller (82)
gives motion to the apron by the contact of the cords with the several rollers
of the series, & will, it is presumed, be sufficient to communicate motion to
the whole series of rollers round which they run; but should that not be suffi-
cient, all or any number of them may be geared by chains & wheels. In
order to illustrate this, the roller (84) is represented (see Figs. 2 & 7) as
being geared by a chain (98) with the roller (82). In order that the bags
may be well dried, they are caused to move back and forth through the drying
chamber several times; and in order to confine them to the apron (74), it is
necessary to employ a second apron, formed of a series of cords (99), shown
in red color (in Figs. 2, 4, and 7), arranged between the cords (74). The bags
are thus held secure between the two series of cords, until they are severally
deposited by the apron (99) upon a shelf (100) in front of the drying chamber,
to be removed by an attendant, stationed there for the purpose. Their course
through the drying chamber is indicated by arrows, in Fig. 4. The machine
delivers one finished bag at every revolution of the main shaft; but, irrespective
of those which are undergoing the drying process, there are always four bags
in the machine under different stages of manufacture; for instance, at the time
the paper for one is being cut out, the folded paper for another is being received

page_text: by the conveyer to be deposited upon the apron U; a third is being pasted &
lapped at the end, and a fourth at the side. The main shaft may make thirty
revolutions a minute, which would make eighteen hundred bags an hour. The
width of the bags may be varied. It is increased by changing the feed rollers
D, D', for larger ones, or increasing their movement, so as to feed a greater
length of paper from the roll, and moving the shear arm (d) and the bar (g)
farther from the slot (2); or it is decreased, by employing feed rollers of smaller
size, or having less motion, & bringing the shear arm (d) & bar (9) nearer
to the slot (2).
The depth of the bag may be varied, by using a wider or narrower roll of
paper. In order to facilitate the adjustment for varying the width of the bag,
the bar (9), the shear arm (d), and the feed rollers D, D', are mounted in a
small carriage (102), so that they may be all moved together on the upper part
of the framing.
The machine is susceptible of various changes in the arrangement of the
parts; for instance, the folding apparatus & the shears (e, f) may be arranged
at right angles to the position represented, & the width of the bags may be
regulated by the width of the paper, & the depth by the quantity of paper
given out by the feed rollers.
I claim, 1rst, giving the proper form to the paper or other material from s
which the bag is to be made by the shear blades (e, f) cutting on the edges
of a table J, or its equivalent, on which the paper is delivered to be folded,
substantially as hercin specified.
2d, the conveyer, for conveying the folded paper to the apron, by which it
is carried to the folding & lapping apparatus, substantially as herein set forth. S
3d, the combination of the pasters (13 & 39) with their respective pasto
feeders (15 & 60), substantially as herein described.
4th, the construction of the lappers (20 & 38), & their connection with
their respective lapping tables (21 & 58), as herein shown & described.
5th, the combination of the creasers (22 & 44), the lappers (19 & 38), 3
or their equivalents, and the intermittently moving aprons U, Y, as herein
described, so that the creasers and lappers are brought successively into opera-
tion during the intermissions in the motions of the feed rollers.
6th, the arrangement of the drying chamber and the aprons which convey
the bags through it, as herein described, so that the bags are severally delivered 3
to the aprons, with their sides in a position oblique to the direction in which
the aprons move, and thus, as they are successively deposited, have the wet laps
of their sides and ends left uncovered by their successors.

page_text: 7, the general arrangement and construction of the whole of the ma-
chinery herein described, whereby a piece of paper of suitable length is cut
from a roll, cut out the proper shape, folded, lapped, pasted, printed in any
desired manner, and dried at one continuous operation.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this 28th day of November, in
the year of our Lord 1854.
A. E. LORADOUX BELLFORD. (L.S.)