Improvements in Locking Nuts.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Apr., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 24th Jan., 1896-Accepted, 25th Apr., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Locking Nuts.
EBENEZER WILLIAM HUGHES 18 Pitt Street, Campden Hill Kensington, W.
Civil Engineer. I do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
'
'
The object of this invention is for the purpose of sorewing up the adjusting lock
nut, afterwards described, closely against the ordinary bolt nut by following it.
This I accomplish as follows.
I form on the bolt for a given distance the ordinary thread and nut as a right
handed screw, and increasing the usual length of the bolt, for the purpose of
forming on it, a left handed, or reversed thread, but of a reduced diameter reaching
from the right handed thread to the end of the bolt, and to allow the adjustment
to be made. I form a circular space, or, cavity (but without threads) for a given
distance in the adjusting lock nut and whose 'diameter is slightly greater than the
ordinary right handed thread, before referred to, and the remaining length of
adjusting lock nut, to have a left handed female thread, so that, when the bolt
requires tightening the circular space or cavity will then be wholly or partially
occupied by a portion of the right handed male threads, and the nuts screwed
together.
Dated this 09-17
j
Improvements, in, Looking Nuts.
1, EBENEZER WILLIAM HUGHES of 18' Pitt Street, Campden Hill Kensington
London, but now of 72 Clayton Road, Peckham in the County of Surrey, Civil
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement that is to say
The primary object of my invention is to provide adjustable locking nuts,
constructed as hereafter described, which are screwed up closely against the
ordinary bolt nut, used for example among other purposes, for, securing fish plate
joints in permanent way of railways, and in such manner that the ordinary bolt
nut, when the locking nut is once adjusted in position, cannot move back until the
locking nut is removed..
According to my invention I screw the bolt for a given distance with an ordinary
right handed thread, and the ordinary bolt nut is tapped with a corresponding
thread; the bolt is made 'somewhat longer than usual, but the end of same is of a
reduced diameter to the bolt proper, and on the reduced portion I cut a left
handed thread or a thread in the reverse direction to that on the bolt proper, the
said thread extending from the termination of the right handed thread on the bolt,
to the end of the reduced portion; the adjustable lock, nut is tapped with a left
hand thread to correspond with the thread of the screw on the reduced end of
the bolt.

page_text: The locking and adjustable nut is formed with a circular space or cavity in the
face which abuts on the ordinary bolt nut, the said cavity-being of somewhat
larger diameter than the bolt, but without thread, in order that a part of the look
nut may be free to pass, or to ride over the thread of the bolt proper, the length of
the depth of the said cavity, and thus as it were to follow up the bolt nut.
Equivalent constructions may be arranged where, a washer interposed between the
lock nut and the bolt nut, is formed with a central aperture of such size as to
permit it to ride over the large diameter thread, or equally the bolt nut may be
extended and formed with the recess.
In order that my invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect I will further describe same with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a locking and adjustable nut and bolt,
made according to my invention, and shown applied to a railway rail and fish
plates.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the locking and adjustable nut detached.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of the bolt detached.
Figure 4, 5, and 6 are views of equivalent constructions.
Similar letters of reference refer to like parts in all the figures.
Refering more particularly to Figures 1, 2, and 3, A is the ordinary bolt, having
a right hand thread thereon as shown; B is the extended portion of the bolt of
reduced diameter to that of the bolt proper, and having a left hand, thread thereon
as shown; C is the ordinary nut, and D is, the locking; or check and adjustable
nut, E being the cavity or recess therein, thereby rendering this lock and adjustable
nut free to travel over the right hand thread on the bolt A.
The nut C is screwed on to the right hand thread of the bolt A up to its fish
plate. The locking check, and adjustable nut D is then screwed on to the left
hand thread. of the bolt A, the cavity E, in which goes over the right hand thread
on the bolt A. until it comes in contact with the face of the nut C. When the
nut C requires tightening up, through the wear of the fish plates or other causes
the circular or other space or cavity E, will become wholly or partially occupied
by a portion of the right hand male thread of the bolt, and this done, the lock
nut D, on the thread B, renders it practically impossible for the nut C, to move or
unscrew, when once secured by the lock nut D.
At Figure I have shown in longitudinal section a construction where a
washer D is interposed between the bolt nut C, and 'the lock nut D, and this
washer D, is bored so that when in. position it forms a recess E for the purposes
before described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3. The washer D¹ may flange
over the hexagonal_bolt nut C.and be formed as shown by the end view of the
washer detached at Figure 5.
'As will, be understood by reference to Figure 6 the washer may be dispensed
with by extending the bolt nut C, and forming the latter with the recess E, thus
I can form the required cavity for adjustment in the ordinary nut instead of the
lock nut as before described by making the ordinary nut, deeper as shewn at
Figure 6 for this purpose. Then the locking nut would be an ordinary one, as
shewn at Figs. 4 & 6.
In some cases a sleeve may be made to loosely fit an ordinary nut, and be
slipped over same, Buch sleeve being of a greater length than the thickness of the
said nut, and the locking nut such as D Figures 4 and 6, (only of larger diameter,)
then acts against the end of the loosely fitting sleeve...
Some advantages to be obtained by the use of my invention are as follows:-
Simplicity in the manufacture and stability in use, as these bolt nuts require.
little or no supervision when once placed in position.
2. The easy facilities for adjustment, as the fish plates wear from use.
3. The screw threads are not impaired by removal, replacement or adjustment,
however frequent rendering them far preferable to other constructions of lock nuts
now. in use.
4. As the plate-layer is compelled to use a long spanner, to cause the ordinary

page_text: nut to hold firmly against the fish plate for security, he destroys the elasticity
causes elongation of the bolt, and occasionally strips the thread, but this invention:
will obviate these objections as no undue strain is required in tightening up, and a.
shorter spanner than usual can be used with advantage.
Adjustable locking nuts constructed according to my invention are suitable for
and applicable to all machinery, subject to disturbance.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is as follows:-
1. Adjustable lock or check nuts (in connection for example with the nuts
usually used for securing fish-plate joints in the permanent way of railways).
characterized by a short, preferably circular, cavity, without thread, sufficiently
large to freely pass or ride over, the right handed screw of the nut thread on the
bolt, in combination with a left handed screw on the bolt end, of reduced diameter,
whereby the said adjustable lock or check nut on the bolt end, is maintained in
position (by reason of its bolt thread being left handed) when the bolt on the
right handed thread, works up or comes against the face of the lock nut, and
consequently the nut proper cannot unscrew or move from the position at which it.
is set, while at the same time the lock or check nut, is adjustable as to position on:
the bolt, all as set forth.
2. In bolts and nuts, the bolt threaded as usual, and formed with a prolonged
end of smaller diameter threaded in an opposite direction to the usual thread, in
combination with a washer located between the locking out and the bolt nut, the
central aperture of the washer being adapted to over-ride the bolt nut thread,
and render thereby the check nut adjustable, substantially as and for the purposes.
set forth.
3. In bolts and nuts the bolts threaded as usual and formed with a prolonged.
end of smaller diameter, threaded in an opposite direction to the usual thread, in
combination with a bolt nut of increased thickness, and formed with a recess at its.
outward end, on to which latter end, the check nut comes in contact substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this the 04th dow of January 1806