CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE MACHINERY ATTACHED THERETO, AS APPLICABLE TO LAND CARRIAGES
Year: 1833

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
FRASER, of Bevis Marks, Saint Mary Axe, in the City of Landon, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of that part of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, bearing date at Westminster, the
Eighth day of May, in the third year of His reign, give and grant unto me,
the said James Fraser, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, His especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James Fraser, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick upon Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM BOILERS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE MACHINERY ATTACHED THERETO, AS
APPLICABLE TO LAND CARRIAGES;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained
a proviso that I, the said James Fraser, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of iny said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in
His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, reference
being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said James
Fraser, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be known and performed, are particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon;
that is to say-
My Invention consists of a boiler for the purpose of generating steam for
the use of carriages for land purposes, whether intended for the conveyance of
passengers or goods, or for any other purpose to which steam locomotive power
can be applied on land. The boiler may be made, constructed, and formed of
iron, copper, or such other material or materials, or combinations of materials,
as may be considered best adapted for the purpose to which the said boiler is to
be applied. The boiler has a flue or flues nearly or altogether surrounding the
fire-place, and the ash pit under that fire-place, leaving a space between the flue
or flues and the fire to contain water. On the Drawing hereunto annexed the
boiler is exhibited. Figure 1 shows a cross section of the boiler. Figure II.
shows a longitudinal section of the boiler. Figure III. is not a regular section,
but represents a side view of the boiler, with that part of it cut open which is
traced by a dotted line M, N, on Figure 1. Figure IV. is the appearance of
the front of the boiler. Figure V. shows one of the various forms in which
the external case of this boiler may be made, and which I recommend as a line
of considerable strength when well made and properly supported. Figure VI. is
a plan of the boiler and flues hereafter described at the level of the fire bars.
The corresponding parts of the boiler and flues are marked on the different
Figures by the same letters. A is the fuel placed upon the bars D (see
Figures I. and II.) The heat therefrom will be conveyed along the flue a, a;
see Figures I., II., III., in the direction shown by the arrows. In the course of
the flue it descends on one side of the fire, then passes below the fire-place and
ash pit, and ascends in such manner as to leave a film or stratum of water B, B,
see Figures I., II., III., between the fire-place and the flue and between the
flue and the inner surface of the external case. This division of the water is
of advantage to economising heat. The continuous line of flue is a simple
construction, and can be easily cleaned out by means of soot doors at E (see
Figures II. and IV.) and at other convenient situations. F (Figures II., III.,
and IV.) is the fire door; G, the door of the ash pit; H, the ash pit. The fire
bars are shown as resting upon tubes J, J, (see Figures I., II., III.). These
tubes are full of water, and are intended both for absorption of heat and also
for strength to the boiler itself in the interior, as they form stays for the latter
purpose. K, K, (see Figures I. and III.) are tubes placed across the flue

page_text: both for the purpose of encreasing the heating surface in contact with the water,
and also for strengthening the boiler. The heating surface may be much
increased by encreasing the number of these tubes. The fire and heated air
rise up to the top of the fire-place, and then descend in the manner above
described, either on the one side of the fire or on the other side of the fire, at
option; then the fire and heated air pass under the ash pit and up the side of
the boiler opposite to that at which they descended, and then pass off either under
the surface of the water or above the surface of the water, or where there is
room the said flue or flues may pass horizontally right or left over the crown
of the fire-place. In some cases a provision is made for passing the flue down-
wards from both sides of the fire, causing the said flues to pass each other below
the ash pit in such manner as to leave a film of water between; the flues may
also pass off by the back of the fire-place, then descend and pass under the
ash pit towards the front, and ascend on one or both sides of the fire door and
ash pit door. Figure VI. is a ground plan of such an arrangement as this last
mentioned. The arrangement of the machinery attached to the above described
boiler is a bent or curved axle-tree, for the purpose of giving the boiler greater
security and bring it nearer the ground; and in no other respect do I claim
the said bent axle-tree unconnected with my said boiler. To the advan-
tage of a lower level it admits of the chain rigger to move as freely or more so
than if the axle-tree moved round with it. I have now described my improve-
ments in steam boilers, and in the arrangement of the machinery attached
thereto, as applicable to land carriages, with reference to the annexed Drawing,
in such manner as to enable persons conversant with works of a similar nature
to practice the Invention. And I hereby declare that I confine my claim of
Invention, as regards the boiler, to the arrangement of flues as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Fraser, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord. One thousand
eight hundred and thirty-three.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of July, in the year
of our Lord 1833, the aforesaid James Fraser came before our said Lord, the
King in his Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all
and everything therein contained and specified, in form above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and thirty-three.