matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND ACTUATING HORIZONTAL WATER WHEELS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Neville and William
Smith Dorsett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 12th February 1858.
We, THOMAS NEVILLE, of the City and County of the City of Lichfield,
Surveyor and Civil Engineer, and WILLIAM SMITH DORSETT, of Aldridge,
near Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING
AND ACTUATING HORIZONTAL WATER WHEELS," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention consists of the improved method of constructing and
Our new or
actuating horizontal water wheels, berein-after described.
improved water wheel consists of a wheel furnished with a series of vanes
situated radially on its periphery, the said vanes being situated in planes
whose common intersection is the axis of the wheel, or the upper half of each
vane being thus situated, and the lower half being inclined to the upper so
as to form a very obtuse angle therewith at that side on which the water acts,
or the whole vane may form an inclined plane. We prefer the former
construction when high velocities are required, and one of the latter when
the wheel is driven at a slow speed. The water is made to act on the wheel
in the following manner:-A pipe of an annular or ring-like form surrounds
the wheel, being situated in the same plane. The water is conveyed through
the said pipe to a series of small pipes, by which latter the water is delivered

page_text: upon the vanes. The said small pipes which deliver the water are situated
very nearly in the direction of tangents to the curve of the wheel. Any
number of these small pipes delivering the water may be employed, and the
distance of the vanes of the wheel is such that immediately the stream of
water ceases to act on one vane, by the motion of the wheel another vane is
brought under the operation of the stream. When the vanes are so con-
structed, as herein-before described, that the lower half is inclined to the
upper, or the whole vane forms an inclined plane, then the water, after its
direct action on the vanes, adds the effect of its falling from the wheel to the
motion produced by its pressure.
AN IMPROVED ADHESIVE COMPOSITION FOR WHITENING AND CLEARING THE SURFACE OF STONES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Sworn and Thomas Weston
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 20th February 1858.
We, JOSEPH SWORN, of 29, Churton Street, Pimlico, Builder, and THOMAS
WESTON, of 40, Churton Street, Pimlico, Jeweller, both in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED ADHESIVE COMPOSITION FOR WHITENING AND CLEARING THE SURFACE OF
STONES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the union and reduction to powder, either
seperately or together, of the following ingredients and in the following
proportions, which proportions may, notwithstanding, be varied, namely,-
46 lbs. of the stone commonly known as hearthstone.
10 lbs. of pipe-clay.
20 lbs. of common whiting (or whitening).
5 lbs. of chalk lime.
5 lbs. of starch, of ordinary manufacture.
16 lbs. of common size.
10 lbs. of common glue.

page_text: Which materials, after being well and sufficiently incorporated together and
passed through a sieve, are prepared for use in lieu of the methods now
employed for whitening or clearing the surface of stones.
INCREASING PARTICULARLY THE EFFECT OF DECORATIVE PICTURES, LANDSCAPES, DRAWINGS, AND PRINTS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugenio Agneni at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd August
1858.
I, EUGENIO AGNENI, of 29, Devonshire St., Queen Sq., Bloomsbury, in
the County of Middlesex, an Historical Painter, Native of Rome, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "INCREASING PARTICULARLY THE
EFFECT OF DECORATIVE PICTURES, LANDSCAPES, DRAWINGS, AND PRINTS," to be as
follows:-
My new method consists in cutting the outlines of pictures or other artistic
productions (which must be performed with a peculiar art for the purpose,)
and in applying the same to looking-glasses in the following manner :-
I do ingrave the outline of such paintings or drawings upon the quicksilver
of looking-glasses or upon any other substance employed in manufacuring the
I do scratch out such substance or refecting apparatus, and apply upon
the cleared part of the looking-glass my artistic productions. Likewise I do
apply at first the artistic subjects upon simple glasses, outlining the same
afterwards with the reflecting substances. This method skilfully put in
practice produces a marvelous effect, specially on decorative pictures.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER BREAKS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Watkin Scale at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th December 1858.
I, EDWARD WATKIN SCALE, of Merthyr Tydvil, in the County of Glamorgan-
shire, South Wales, Agent and Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER BREAKS," to
be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in the application of a spiral worm or screw
fixed on the axle of the wheel or wheels to be operated on, and which may
be made to lock the wheels of adjacent plain axles. The axle, or a portion
of it, must be enlarged to a conical form, and its surface grooved spirally
so as to form a screw of a pitch increasing from one end to the other;
a lever being then placed over the conical screw at right angles to the
axle, will be carried by rotation from the lesser to the larger spiral, and
such lever being fastened to a joint at one end, and connected in any suitable
part with the break blocks, will thereby cause their pressure, in a propor-
tionate degree, against the wheels connected with them. The lever may be
made self-acting, or be worked by hand; and my said Invention is applicable
as a break for various kinds of vehicles and machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESS PLATES OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN HOT-PRESSING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whiteley and Thomas
Kitchenman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th December 1858.
We, JOHN WHITELEY, of Halifax, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
and THOMAS KITCHENMAN, of the same Place, Stuff Presser, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESS PLATES OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN HOT-PRESSING WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to press plates heated by steam or other heating
media caused to pass through channels or passages formed within such plates,
and our chief object is to so arrange the heat as to produce a more equal
effect upon the fabrics when pressed. Heretofore press plates have been made
either with the interior hollow, forming one uniform cavity, or they have been
made by forming a channel or passage therein in a serpentine or zig-zag
manner or direction, the steam or other heating media entering at one end of
the plate, traversing therein and passing out at the other or opposite end of
the plate; but in consequence of the cooling effects of the atmospheric air
acting on the edges of the plates when in use in pressing, the middle part of
the plate becomes hotter than the outside or edges, consequently unequal
effects are produced upon the fabrics thus pressed.
Our improvements consist in forming a channel or passage running first
along with and near to the edges of the plate, and then continuing at a
suitable distance further from the edges of the plate, and so on, in a spiral like
direction, each circumvolution approaching nearer to the middle of the plate

page_text: in a suitable ratio; it is then returned betwixt the passages thus formed, and
continued to the outer edge of the plate again, by which method or con-
trivance we find that we can so adjust the distances respectively of the
passages as to obtain and maintain a more equal effect upon the fabrics.
We make the channels or passages of copper, or other suitable pipe or
tubing, which we bend to the form required, and which we enclose betwixt
two metallic plates (by preference of wrought-iron), and connect the edges by
rivetting, soldering, or brazing. Or, we make a similar channel or passage by
cutting it out of a plate to the peculiar form required, which we then place
betwixt two other plates, and secure them together by rivetting, soldering, or
brazing, or by other fusible metallic connecting. Or, we construct press
plates hollow or with a cavity greater at the outer edges than in the middle,
that is to say, the space gradually diminishes towards the middle of the plate;
consequently there will be less space for the heating media, and a greater
thickness of metal in the middle than at the edges of the plate. The interior
of iron press plates we calvanize to prevent corrosion; we also apply catches
to the plates, which are capable of entering into ratchet teeth, formed on
or attached to the uprights of the press for holding the plates in any desired
position.
WELD- ING BROKEN CAST-IRON PIECES
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Germain Guyot at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1858.
I, GERMAIN GUYOT, of Denain, in the Empire of France, Foreman in the
Iron Foundry, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "WELD-
ING BROKEN CAST-IRON PIECES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in a process for welding or mending large broken
cast-iron pieces of any description. Suppose, for instance, the axle of a cast-
iron cylinder A to be either worn out or broken off, the mending is effected by
burying it in the sand of a foundry house, as shown in the annexed Drawing
up to the broken axle C. The upper part of the cylinder is enclosed in a
moulding box D, over which a second one F is placed, and within the latter
a pattern E is placed, which pattern has the form of the axle to be welded,
then the sand is beaten in in the usual way. When this has been done the
box F is removed to withdraw the pattern E, then before replacing them
together several trenches G, G, G, are cut into the sand at the bottom of the
mould F. Both boxes D and F are held together by gudgeons H, H, and
keys, molten metal is then brought in a suitable ladle capacious enough to
contain four or five times the bulk of the pattern E, the metal is now poured

page_text: in the pouring hole K, over the stump C till this latter part is brought to the
melting heat. When at this point the trenches G, G, through which the fluid
metal was flowing are stopped up, and the whole empty space I is filled up
with the molten metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR SIZING AND DRYING WOOLLEN YARNS FOR WARPS
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Hanson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th August
1858.
I, BENJAMIN HANSON, of Paddock, near Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR SIZING AND DRYING WOOLLEN
YARNS FOR WARPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a series of tiers of heated
pipes or other fixed heated surfaees, so arranged that woollen yarns can be
traversed at a suitable distance from them, betwixt pairs of rollers which keep
them steady and detached or separate from each other. Also in the employe-
ment of fans or other suitable means for producing a current of air, which is
heated in passing the hot pipes or hot surfaces. The yarnes are caused to
pass through a reed in single or detached threads to a sizing trough, and from
which to the pairs of rollers which conduct them over or at a suitable distance
apart from the heated surfaces, by which, and the heated air, the yarns are
dried; thence through another reed in detached threads, from which they are
taken to a reel or "warping mill."
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIRS, TANKS, CULVERTS, SEA WALLS, AND OTHER ERECTIONS REQUIRED TO EXCLUDE WATER OR DAMP
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander McDougall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd November
1858.
I, ALEXANDER MCDOUGALL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIRS, TANKS, CULVERTS, SEA
WALLS, AND OTHER ERECTIONS REQUIRED TO EXCLUDE WATER OR DAMP," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of bricks or blocks, made by com-
bining asphalt or other bituminous matter with sand, gravel, or other grit or
suitable foreign substance. These bricks or blocks I form in regular shapes,
so as to enable them to be built up after the manner of ordinary brickwork,
and I cement them together by using molten asphalt or other bituminous
substance.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FANCY BUTTONS FOR LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S WEAR
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Foley Hall and Thomas
Dutson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 11th December 1858.
We, WILLIAM FOLEY HALL and THOMAS DUTSON, of Saint Paul's Square,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Button Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
FANCY BUTTONS FOR LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S WEAR," to be as follows (that
is to say):-
Our improvements consist in perforating the front or face shell, the edge of
the perforation being of a vandyke or serrated form, the points of which being
bent or pointed outward, they will naturally puncture the fabric with which the
front of the button is intended to be covered; and these sharp points so far
project through the fabric and are made to clip and hold a centre ornament,
which may be of any suitable material, such as bone, ivory, pearl, glass,
precious stones, metal, &c., wrought, moulded, turned, cut, or finished in any
suitable way according to the nature of the materials used; and in some
instances we prefer placing the centre ornament within a metallic ring or cup,
and holding or retaining it with its additional setting between the projecting
serrated points first described. We do not purpose confining ourselves to any
particular form of centre or concentric ornament, as the same may be varied
as good taste or fashion may direct; and in some instances, instead of per-
forating the front, we so cut the metal of which it is composed as to allow
parts of it to be readily bent up; and such parts being slender and pointed will
readily puncture the fabric of the front and afford the same result as before

page_text: described. The shell we purpose making of metal, and dipping and burnishing
or otherwise finishing the points that come through the front cover, and in
some instances the shell may be blacked or bronzed to suit the taste or
character of button desired to be made.
A PORTABLE CARRIAGE, TANK, AND FURNACE TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE OF CREOSOTING HOP POLES OR OTHER TIMBER
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Dorsett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th September
1858.
I, EDWARD DORSETT, of Old Broad Street, in the City of London, Tar &
Naptha Distiller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
PORTABLE CARRIAGE, TANK, AND FURNACE TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE OF
CREOSOTING HOP POLES OR OTHER TIMBER," to be as follows:-
Instead of employing a fixed tank for creosoting hop poles or other timber,
which necessitates the bringing of them from a great distance, and causing
great expense, I employ a portable carriage or machine for carrying the tank,
creosote, & furnace to any desired spot, so that the poles or other timber
can be dipped and creosoted, and the carriage or machine afterwards moved
onwards to the next position where creosoting is required, which operations
are performed with the greatest facility, thereby ensuring an economy never
before obtained.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN VOLTAIC BATTERIES
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th February 1858.-A communication.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, E. C., do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN VOLTAIC BATTERIES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of the metal aluminium as a sub-
stitute for the zinc or element termed "zincode " in voltaic batteries.
A cylinder of aluminium is substituted for the zinc in Bunsen's battery, (for
instance,) the charcoal being placed in a porous vessel filled with nitric or
other acid diluted or not, the outer vessel containing the aluminium is charged
with sulphuric or other acid, diluted or otherwise; a constant voltaic current
is thus obtained.
Hydrochloric acid (or its compounds) may in some cases be employed,
although it has the disadvantage of attacking the aluminium.
AN IMPROVED COOKING UTENSIL
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Stevens at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1858.
I, EBENEZER STEVENS, of No. 5 and 6, Cambridge Road, Cambridge Heath,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED COOKING UTENSIL," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to improvements in the cooking utensil commonly
denominated a baking dish, and consists in the construction and arrangement
of an apparatus in which I combine a stand upon which meat or other
substance may be roasted or baked, a dish in which vegetables may be cooked,
a pudding and pie dish, and a stew pan. For this purpose, I construct a.
vessel similar to an ordinary stew pan, which may be round or any other
convenient shape. Another vessel of similar form is also made, having a rim
on each side at right angles to its bottom, such rims being of unequal widths,
and thus forming two vessels of unequal depths. This vessel, when placed
within the stew pan, after the manner of the lid of a saucepan, with its
shallowest side upwards, forms a pudding tin, and when its position is reversed
or the deepest side is placed upwards, it forms a pie dish. A dish with a
perforated bottom, and supported by three or more metal legs or stands, when
placed in the last-named pudding tin or pie dish, forms a vessel in which
vegetables may be cooked, the perforations allowing the fat or gravy from

page_text: meat which may be cooked above it to pass through the vegetables into the
vessel below; and in this dish or collander a stand made of metal or other
substance may be placed to receive meat or other material to be roasted, thus
forming, when complete, a meat stand, a vegetable dish, a pudding and pie
dish, and a stew pan in one utensil, the whole of which may be used as one
combined apparatus, or any one or more parts thereof may be used
separately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND PROPELLING OF STEAMERS
Year: 1858

page_text: the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Catlin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th February
1858.
I, GEORGE CATLIN,. of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Artist, do
hereby declare the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND
PROPELLING OF STEAMERS," to be as follows:-
The improvements in the mode of constructing and propelling ocean and
other steamers (from which I denominate them "grooved and submotive,")
of which I claim to be the first Inventor, and for which I desire at this time
protection by Letters Patent, consist in a groove which I propose in the hull
of the vessel, passing under its centre from the bow to the stern, and into
which groove and through the after part of it, a strap with paddles or buckets
is delivered through the hull of the vessel by an upright wheel acting above
and near the centre of the deck, the said strap and paddles or buckets being
lifted by another wheel at the stern, thereby getting the full and steady power
of the engine to act upon the solid and unbroken water by the buckets passing
through the groove entirely below the water line, which, I believe, has never
heretofore been accomplished.
The groove (which I have invented for the purpose of enabling me to use
submotive power, and also to afford the vessel steadiness and ballast, greater
breadth of beam, and shallowness of draught,) I claim a greater or less

page_text: length, breadth, and depth, or difference in shape as may be required, and the
strap with paddles or buckets passing through the groove to be constructed of
such materials and in such form as may be deemed most efficient for the full
application of the power of the engine upon the water.
And I claim the exclusive right of building ocean and other steamers with
such groove and such submotive power, the hulls of which to be constructed
solid, with timbers or of iron, and celular or hollow, as the case may be, with
the view to the increasing of speed and lessening the dangers to property
and life.
FOLDING BEDSTEADS, AND WHICH I CALL THE UNIVERSAL AND FOLDING JOINT FOR BEDSTEADS
Year: 1858

page_text: This invention received Irovisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kennedy Geyelin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th August 1858.
I, GEORGE KENNEDY GEYELIN, Civil Engineer, of London, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "FOLDING
BEDSTEADS, AND WHICH I CALL THE UNIVERSAL AND FOLDING JOINT FOR BEDSTEADS,"
to be as follows:-
To the bedstead posts I fix a plate provided with one or more holes, which
serve as centres, from either of which the head and foot rails may be folded on
the frame; through these centre holes set screws or bolts are screwed into the
frame, by which means a bedstead can either be folded or taken to pieces like
an ordinary bedstead. The same principle I apply to what are called French,
Arabian, four-posts, and any other kind, all of which may either be folded or
taken to pieces by means of this joint.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF INTERCEPTING AND TREATING THE SEWAGE OF LONDON AND TOWNS AND CITIES SIMILARLY SITUATED
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alexander Manning at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
June 1858.
I, JAMES ALEXANDER MANNING, of the Inner Temple, in the County of
Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF INTERCEPTING AND TREATING THE SEWAGE OF LONDON AND
TOWNS AND CITIES SIMILARLY SITUATED," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a system or mode of intercepting at the mouths of
the several sewers of London the sewage which is at present discharged into
the Thames, whereby the pollution of the same will be entirely avoided. It is
obvious that this system is equally applicable to the interception and treatment
of the sewage of other cities and towns in a position similar to that of the
metropolis.
In carrying out my Invention I propose to connect (by a closed tubular
drain or pipe) the mouth of each sewer emptying itself into the Thames to a
building erected at low-water mark, and containing two tanks of sufficient
capacity to receive the flow from such sewer for one or more hours. In cases
where two or more small sewers can be conveniently combined, they may all
be made to discharge into one set of tanks. The several tubular connecting
drains or pipes and the depositing tanks with which they are connected are
entirely shut off from all communication with the river. In the lower levels

page_text: the tanks will be of such an increased depth as to insure the constant flow
of the sewage, whilst the connecting tubular drains or pipes will be so
supported above the surface of the river strand as to prevent any possibility
of the tilting of the mud against its sides.
The tubular connecting pipes are made with forked branches, one leading
to each of the depositing tanks, and each of these branches are furnished
with a sluice or other stop valve, so that on one tank being filled the flow of
sewage will be directed to the second tank. During the time occupied
by the filling of the second tank the operations of precipitating all the animal
and vegetable organic matters held in suspension in the sewage contained in
the first tank, as well as the deodorisation both of the solid and liquid portions
of the sewage and the clarification of the water, together with the discharge
of such clarified water into the Thames, are accomplished, such operations
being carried on continuously from each tank in rotation, so that at no time
is the regular and constant flow of the sewage impeded or interrupted.
The operations of precipitating, deodorising, and clarifying the sewage may
be effected in the manner described by me in the Specification of my Patent
for the treatment of sewage, bearing date on or about the Seventh of
August, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, or by any other similar
method.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pouncy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April 1858.
I, JOHN POUNCY, Photographer, of High West Street, Dorchester, in the
County of Dorset, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in producing photographic
pictures. Heretofore in producing photographic pictures on paper and other
surfaces, the surface has usually been prepared with substances which when
acted on by light in the process of producing the picture are chemically acted
on, so as to produce either immediately, or when other substances are after-
wards applied to the surface, the coloring matter or substance in which the
picture is formed.
Now, according to my Invention I prepare the paper or other surface for
having the picture produced on it, by applying over its whole surface the
coloring matter which is to form the picture, and together with this coloring
matter is applied a substance which is acted on by the light. The following is
the manner in which I proceed when printing positive pictures on paper from
negative pictures -I coat the paper or surface which is to receive the picture
with a composition of vegetable carbou, gum arabic, and bichromate of
potash, and on to this prepared surface I place the negative picture, and

page_text: expose it to the light in the usual way, afterwards the surface is washed with
water, which dissolves the composition at the parts on which the light has not
acted, but fails to affect those parts of the surface on which the light has
acted; consequently, on those parts of the surface the coloring matter remains
in the state in which it was applied, having experienced no chemical change.
Sometimes for the vegetable carbon I substitute bitumen, or other coloring
matter may be employed. By this process pictures are obtained which are
not liable to fade like ordinary photographs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR REDUCING BONES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was, not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Brown and John Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
19th February 1858.
We, ISAAC BROWN, of the City of Carlisle, Merchant, and JOHN BROWN, of
Notting Hill, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR REDUCING BONES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for reducing bones of all sizes by one operation, for
the
purpose of manufacturing manure. According to this Invention a row or
breast of circular saws or cutters are employed driven at a high velocity by
any suitable and well-known mechanical arrangement, the bones being fed or
supplied thereto by means of a simple hopper or by pressure from springs, so
as to keep them against the cutting surfaces. Any other convenient arrange-
ment of feeding mechanism may, however, be adopted, the main feature of
the Invention being the arranging of a number of circular saws or revolving
cutters side by side on one shaft, for the purpose of reducing the substances
submitted to them to sawdust.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING, COMPRESSING, AND SOLIDIFYING ARTIFICIAL FUEL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES CAPABLE OF BEING COMPRESSED
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Doddridge Humphreys at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th March 1858.
I, JOHN DODDRIDGE HUMPHREYS, of Charlotte Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING, COMPRESSING, AND SOLIDIFYING
ARTIFICIAL FUEL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES CAPABLE OF BEING COMPRESSED," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in certain improved machinery whereby substances
capable of compression are first received in two tiers of moulds hereafter
described, wherein they are subjected to pressure from a plunger or press
driven by steam or other like quick-acting agent, whereby the entire material
is compressed into the lower tier of moulds; the upper and lower tiers of moulds
are then separated from each other, when the material in the lower tier is
subjected to hydraulic pressure, after which the substances pass under plungers
which drive the compressed materials from the moulds.
The substances, say, for instance, a composition for forming artificial fuel, are
delivered from a feed hopper into the moulds; these moulds are open at top
and bottom, and are divided into compartments; when placed for the re-
ception of the substances, they are arranged in two tiers, one over the other,
with the compartments corresponding, and thus leaving a clear space in each

page_text: compartment from top to bottom of the two tiers of moulds. When full, the
two tiers are pushed forward, and the material is then subjected to pressure
from a series of plungers which fit the compartments in the moulds, and which
are driven by steam or other quick-acting power, and thereby the material is
compressed to about one half (more or less) of the space it occupied in the
moulds, that is, they drive the substances out of the upper into the under
tier of moulds; the plungers rise, the under tier of moulds only is pushed
forward. The substances in the single tier of moulds, on being driven forward,
are subjected to hydraulic pressure, whereby they are further compressed and
solidified to the extent desired. The moulds then pass on to an open bed
under plungers which drive the compressed substances from the moulds.
The single tier of moulds is then made to return towards the filling hopper,
and on its passage, on arriving at the point at which it parted from the upper
tier of moulds, takes hold of the upper tier, and the two tiers return together
to the filling hopper.
My Invention also consists in. expediting and regulating the return of the
ram in hydraulic presses, employed in moulding and compressing, by connecting
thereto a crank, lever, or other apparatus, to which motion is communicated_
from any prime mover.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN EYELETS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Parkes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1858.
I, JOSEPH PARKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN EYELETS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in making eyelets of one piece, instead of two
pieces, as is usual. I make the said eyelets by stamping, pressing, casting, or
otherwise forming from metal, horn, or other substance a piece or plate of any
desired ornamental figure. In the said piece or plate a hole is formed, through
which the lace or thong is to be passed when the eyelet is attached to an
article of dress. Two smaller holes formed in the said piece serve to attach
the eyelet to articles of dress or other articles by sewing. Eyelets made
according to my Invention may be made of various materials and of different
ornamental forms. They are easily attached to articles, and are especially
applicable to boots and shoes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MIXING ZINC WITH COPPER AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Muntz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th March 1858.
I, GEORGE FREDERICK MUNTZ, of French Walls, near Birmingham, do
5 hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MIXING
ZINC WITH COPPER AND OTHER METALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in mixing zinc with copper
and other metals. For these purposes the copper and other metals are removed
from the melting furnaces, and placed in a closed vessel, and whilst the copper
or other metals is or are at a high melting temperature, the zinc is introduced
and mixed therewith, which will be found peculiarly applicable when manu-
facturing "Muntz's metal" or "yellow metal."
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING OR REGULATING THE SPEED OF MARINE ENGINES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th October
1858.
I, PETER JENSEN, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark, but now
residing at 7, Mount Gardens, Westminster Road, Lambeth, London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING OR REGULATING THE SPEED OF MARINE
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to prevent those great and injurious
variations in the speed of marine engines which arise from the immersion and
emersion of the propeller in a rough or heavy sea. It consists in a cylinder
placed inside and near the bottom of the ship, either on one or on both sides
of it; and I prefer to place such cylinders not far from the screw propeller or
the paddle wheels, according to the nature of the propelling instrument. This
cylinder, which is placed in communication with the water at one end whilst
the other end thereof is closed, is fitted with a moveable piston, and the latter
is connected either directly or indirectly with the throttle or other valve.
regulating the admission of the steam to the cylinders of the engine; now
the more deeply the stern of the ship becomes immersed the more the
pressure of the water upon the piston in the regulating cylinder increases, the
greater is the force wherewith the piston is thrust towards the closed end of
the cylinder, and the more the air between the piston and cylinder cover

page_text: becomes compressed; and as the degree of compression of the air increases
in the inverse ratio of its volume, it is evident that every degree of pressure
will correspond to a certain position of the piston, the density of the inclosed
air being equal to the atmosphere when the piston is nearest the vessel's side,
so that when the stern is most deeply immersed in the sea, the pressure of the
water is a maximum the piston is nearest to the closed end of the cylinder,
and the throttle or other regulating valve nearly or completely open, whereas
the reverse takes place when the stern of the ship rises above the water.
A BURNER FOR CANDLES
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1858. A communication.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion of "A BURNER FOR CANDLES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is, first, considerably to diminish the consump-
tion of tallow, stearine, &c., in stearic or other tallow and wax candles;
secondly, to cause the wick of the tallow, wax, or other candle to keep
straight, and by that means to give a better light; thirdly, to prevent smoking;
fourthly, to prevent the matter guttering or running down.
This Invention consists in the application of a small socket formed by a
capsule surmounted by a small sheath or case which encircles the wick; this
socket is represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed, wherein I have
shown two kinds, in order to make it understood that the form may vary
accordingly as the socket is to be applied to a wax or to a tallow candle.
Figs. 1 and 2 represent the elevation and plan of one kind for a wax candle
in which the ring is rivetted to the hollow stem; Figs. 3 and 4 represent the
elevation and plan of another kind for a tallow candle in which the rod and
ring are made in one piece. In all these Figures similar letters of reference
indicate like parts where they recur.

page_text: a is the wax or tallow candle; b, wick of the wax or tallow candle which is
burning; c, metal capsule placed at the upper part of the candle and which
remains there during the whole time the candle burns; d, sheath or case,
which may be rivetted or soldered to the
capsule c, or which
may
be in one
piece with this ring; it encircles the wick of the candle; e, e, are two holes
made in ring c for the passage of the wax or other matter melted by the
heat of the flame for the supply of the wick.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MA- CHINERY FOR CLEANING AND PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Latent was not given
by the Act.)
2725
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Alton Calvert at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th June 1858.
I, FRANCIS ALTON CALVERT,, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY FOR CLEANING AND PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists, first, in applying collars at the ends
of the wire-toothed cylinders, for which former Letters Patent were granted
to me in One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, to prevent the cylinders
coming in contact when in combination.
Secondly, in so constructing the teeth of cylinders working in contact with
a doffer that the fibrous material is not carried past the doffer, thus keeping
the said teeth constantly clear. This is accomplished by weaving steel wire
into a warp of cotton or other suitable material, the wire projecting beyond
one selvage; this wire web is then folded together and secured in clamps to
the surface of the cylinder, thus forming what I shall here term a wire brush.
Thirdly, an improved combination of toothed wire rollers and upright grids,
forming a carding engine.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIFTING THE DRIVING WHEELS.OF A LOCOMOTIVE OFF THE RAILS, AND WHICH CAN BE USED WHEN THE LOCOMOTIVE IS EITHER RUNNING OR STATIONARY
Year: 1858

page_text: This invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letter's Patent was not given within the time prescribed
'by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Millar Ure at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March
1858.
I, JAMES MILLAR URE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR LIFTING THE DRIVING WHEELS.OF A LOCOMOTIVE OFF THE RAILS,
AND WHICH CAN BE USED WHEN THE LOCOMOTIVE IS EITHER RUNNING OR STATIONARY,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for lifting the driving wheels
of a locomotive off the rails, which apparatus, whilst it can be used when the
locomotive is stationary, is more particularly designed to enable the engine
driver to prevent the rotation of the driving wheels, and movement of the steam
pistons and parts connected therewith, when an incline is being descended, or
when the locomotive is being brought to a stand-still on approaching a station,
or when any circumstances render it desirable. The improved apparatus is
applicable to any locomotive constructed, so that it is sufficiently supported,
and can run on its other wheels when the driving wheels are lifted off the
rails.
According to one plan the desired effect is produced by lifting the driving

page_text: applicable in cases where there is sufficient room beneath the boiler for the
requisite elevation of the crank axle and its eccentrics. According to another
plan, the desired effect is produced by depressing the leading and trailing
wheels, or the wheels on which the locomotive will be supported on the driving
wheels being raised, and this depression has the effect of raising the locomotive,
and with it the driving wheels; the axle boxes of these last being previously
locked to cause them to be lifted by the framing of the locomotive.
For the purpose of lifting the driving wheels or of depressing the other
wheels, accordingly as one or other of the plans herein-before referred to is
adopted, two steam cylinders are fitted up in suitable situations upon the loco-
motive, the pistons of such steam cylinders being connected to the mechanism
which directly acts on the wheels. The steam is admitted to the cylinders by
pipes, the stop valves of which can be conveniently opened or closed by the
engine driver, and when he wishes to lift the wheels off the rails he has
simply to admit steam into the cylinders. The mechanism which directly acts
on the wheels is susceptible of various forms and modifications. According to
one modification, bell-crank levers are contrived to act on the axle boxes of
the wheels in such a way as when acted upon by the steam pistons to elevate
or depress them, as the case may be. Instead of the bell-crank levers eccen-
trics or other equivalent contrivances may be used, and instead of two steam
cylinders a single one or more than two may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walker Wilkins and James
Benjamin Dunn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st October 1858.
We, JOHN WALKER WILKINS, of Temple Chambers, Fleet Street, Telegraph
Engineer, and JAMES BENJAMIN DUNN, of Great Winchester Street, Gentleman,
both in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in constructing electric
telegraph cables. For these purposes the interior is made by the use of a
helix produced by a narrow band or strip of copper or suitable metal; this
helix is formed by binding the band or strip of metal on a cylindrical mandril,
of a size depending on the diameter of the intended hollow interior of the
cable; on this helix a coating of gutta percha or other insulating material is
applied so as to produce a cylinder, on which are placed a series of narrow
bands or strips of copper or other suitable metal, the edges of which are kept
separate and at a distance apart; these bands are bent spirally around the
cylinder of insulating material, forming very long spirals, the strips or bands of
metal only slightly inclining to the central axis of the cable. Over these gutta
percha or other insulating material is applied, so that these long spirals of

page_text: metal strips or bands are completely enclosed in the insulating material.
Over this, if desired, other similar metal spirals may be placed, and further
insulating material added. And to complete the cable, a band or bands
of hemp or other fibre is bound closely around the last coating of insulating
material.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bradshaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1858.
I, JOHN BRADSHAW, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER," to
be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of obtaining and applying the
power produced by the electro-magnetic or other equivalent electrical current,
and the improvement consists in a novel and peculiar arrangement and con-
struction of apparatus adapted for such purpose, and described as follows:-
Upon a vertical shaft or spindle a disc, rim, or wheel is secured in a horizontal
position, such wheel being provided with a number of metallic bars per-
manently magnetized (or to saturation) placed at certain intervals side by side,
and radiating from the centre of the wheel, the two "poles" of each magnet
being placed alternate to that next in succession throughout the entire circle.
Around the periphery, and slightly above the circle of magnetized bars a series
of electro-magnetic coils or helices are arranged, their magnets being con-
nected in pairs, the conducting wire passing from one coil to another, and
forming a complete electro-magnetic circuit. The magnets of the magnetic
coils project over the outer ends of the radial permanent magnets, and

page_text: according to the alternating direction of the electric current, or the polarization
of their extremities, both repel and attract the poles of the permanent magnets
alternately, and thus cause the wheel or disc upon which they are mounted to
rotate and give motion to the vertical shaft, from which the power may be
transmitted by means of any suitable arrangement of gearing. The direction
or course of the electric current is to be changed or reversed by any con-
venient arrangement of apparatus commonly employed for the purpose, as a
"commutator." I would remark that the power of the apparatus may be
greatly increased by fixing the permanent magnets in a vertical position upon
the wheel or disc, and employing two circles of electro-magnetic coils placed
upon platforms above and below, so as to act upon both ends of the magnets
simultaneously, and they may also be further employed in rows or tiers upon
the same shaft to increase the driving power.