matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF PRESSURE TO THE ROLLERS OF SPINNING, PREPARING, AND OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Richards Harding at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1865.
I, THOMAS RICHARDS HARDING, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE APPLICATION OF PRESSURE TO THE ROLLERS OF SPINNING, PREPARING, AND OTHER
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to soften the action of the lever weights on
the rollers in spinning and preparing frames or other machines. Hitherto
the pressure on the rollers has been produced by the action of a lever, at the
end of which is suspended a weight; but this method is found to act in-
juriously on the rollers, because whenever the lever is raised by any irregu-
larity of the rollers or the material, the vis inertia of the weight has to be
overcome, and an unnecessary strain is caused on the rollers and the material.
Various methods have been in use to obviate this inconvenience, but in most
cases the weight has been dispensed with altogether, and the pressure has
been given by springs of various kinds. In these cases however the pressure
is indefinite, and moreover when any irregularity occurs in the material the
pressure of the springs is increased. In my Invention I do not dispense
with the weight, but introduce between it and the lever end a spiral spring,
which when the lever is suddenly raised accommodates itself to and softens the
action of the weight, thereby causing a softer action on the rollers and causing

page_text: the rollers to last much longer. This method is most easily adapted to
existing machinery, but for new machinery the mode of softening the action
of the weight may be modified in various ways. Thus the lever itself may
be a flat spring sufficiently strong to bear the weight, and sufficiently elastic
to accommodate itself to the irregular action of the rollers. Or, again, a spiral
spring may be placed within the weight itself; in this case the weight is
suspended to the lever by a spindle passing through the spring and termi-
nating in a fixed washer. The desired effect may also be produced by placing
a spring between the fulcrum and the lever, that is, by causing the lever to
work on an elastic fulcrum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHUCKS FOR TURNING LATHES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Burley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1865.
I, ROBERT BURLEY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Hammer and Pick Handle Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHUCKS FOR TURNING LATHES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the constructing of chucks for turning lathes so
as to obtain forms differing slightly from truly circular or truly elliptical forms,
and in an improved and simplified manner combining easy adjustment with
convenience in working. The chuck or head on the main lathe spindle is
formed with a groove across the face, and in this groove there fits and works
a slide having on its front the chuck centre for holding and turning the work.
A plate or cover with a central opening for the chuck centre to project
through is held in front of the slide and keeps it in its place, being held by
lugs secured to the headstock or to brackets projecting therefrom. The ends
of the slide project both ways beyond the chuck and bear against the inside
of a ring made thin enough to be slightly flexible and held within a flange
formed round the cover plate. A number of screws are tapped through the
flange of the cover plate, and bearing on the flexible ring give it the form
suitable for producing the desired result, and the flexible ring acts on the ends
of the slide and causes the chuck centre to work in its groove whilst being
carried round. A useful application of the improved chuck is in turning

page_text: handles for picks which are required to present in cross section the form of
what may be termed a flattened ellipse. For this purpose the cover plate is
first adjusted with sufficient eccentricity, and the flexible ring is then adjusted
by the screws to give fullness or flatness at the various parts as may be
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAPS TO PREVENT THE UPRISING OF NOXIOUS GASES IN SEWERS, DRAINS, SINKS, SHAFTS, AND OTHER PASSAGES FOR FECES AND OTHER MATTER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bragg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th March
1865.
I, JOHN BRAGG, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAPS TO PREVENT
THE UPRISING OF NOXIOUS GASES IN SEWERS, DRAINS, SINKS, SHAFTS, AND OTHER
PASSAGES FOR FECES AND OTHER MATTER," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of traps
for sewers, drains, pipes, and other passages for the conveyance of fæces and
other matter, to prevent the return of noxious gases.
A trap constructed according to this Invention may consist of a round, oval,
or any other suitably shaped box or chamber, connected at the top with a
supply pipe or other passage, and at the bottom with the discharge passage,
which box or chamber is divided internally by an oblique partition, to the
front or lower edge of which is jointed a flap or valve cover capable of covering
the opening between the fixed oblique shelf or plate and the opposite side of
the chamber or box. This vibrating flap is fitted on the back or constructed
with a weighted lever, which extends backwards beneath the oblique fixed
plate, which has the effect of keeping the vibrating flap closed when not acted
upon from above. To prevent the dirt getting into the hinge of the vibrating
flap or valve the lower edge of the fixed oblique shelf may be formed with a
step, to the front or lower edge of which the flap is jointed, when a piece o
metal or other suitable material is laid in and secured thereto so as to cover
the top of the hinge joint, forming a guard thereto.

page_text: This apparatus is placed within the sewer, drain, shaft, or other situation
where it may be required. The sewerage or other matter is allowed to fall
through the top of the chamber, and falling upon the vibrating flap or valve,
it causes it to deflect, and allows the material to escape through the opening
into the sewer or other passage, after which the vibrating flap immediately
closes by its own action, thus preventing the escape of noxious gases. If
necessary, the edge of the vibrating flap or valve may be fitted on the edge
with india-rubber or other elastic material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY PLANT TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OP PASSENGERS' LIVES IN THE EVENT OF ACCIDENT OR COLLISION
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Middleton Kernot and
Nathaniel Symons at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th March 1865.
We, CHARLES MIDDLETON KERNOT, of Gloucester House, West Cowes,
Isle of Wight, in the County of Southampton, Doctor of Medicine, &c., and
NATHANIEL SYMONS, of the Albert Foundry, Princess Street, Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY PLANT TO ENSURE THE SAFETY
OP PASSENGERS' LIVES IN THE EVENT OF ACCIDENT OR COLLISION," to be as
follows:-
One part of our Invention has for its object the construction of railway
carriages in a manner calculated to ensure the safety of passengers' lives in the-
event of accident or collision.
This object will be effected by constructing the carriages in two independent:
parts, so that the lower portion shall receive the whole effect of any concussion.
and the upper or passengers' compartment shall be made to yield in such a
manner as to relieve the occupants from any sudden and injurious effects. of a
shock.
Another part of our Invention is designed to lessen the risk of accidents.
caused by the contraction and expansion of metals. We propose to attain that.
end by making the wheels and tires in sections, binding their inner edges with
wood, gutta percha, or other flexible material capable of yielding to the
action of the temperature upon the metal portion of the wheel. As by this.
Invention the tire is a fixed portion of the wheel and not separate, all risks of

page_text: accidents from it suddenly coming off while the train is in motion, a not
unfrequent occurrence, will be removed.
Additional safety will also be secured by the introduction of an improved
tram, which shall be composed of one or more pieces of metal, and may be
imbedded in wood or any flexible material, or secured in the ordinary mode.
By this principle a better, more lasting and uniform surface will be obtained,.
as on either of the outer edges getting worn it will only be necessary to turn
the metal. The trams can thus be changed eight times without removal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING MARINE STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Humphrys at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March
1865.
I, EDWARD HUMPHRYS, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING
MARINE STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in combining marine
steam boilers, and is applicable when applying steam boilers in ships or
vessels of large tonnage and of considerable transverse section. The Invention
consists in arranging a set of marine steam boilers in three rows in a direction
fore and aft the ship. The boilers of the central row are double, that is to
say, they have furnaces and fire-doors on each side, so that the "firing" takes
place on both sides. The boilers of each of the other rows are single, that
is to say, they have furnaces and fire-doors only on one side viz., the side
opposite the central row of boilers. Between the central row of boilers
and each of the side rows of boilers is a passage of sufficient widthto ad mit
of the stokers supplying fuel to and stoking the fires, both of the central row of
boilers and the opposite row of boilers. In place of having coal bunkers
between the sides of the ship and the backs of the two rows of boilers, it is
preferred that such coal bunkers should be away from the backs of such

page_text: boilers, in order that the two gangways or passages between the three rows
of boilers may be as wide as possible, not only to give the stokers as much
space as may be, but also to facilitate the bringing of coals into these passages
or gangways. The uptakes or flues of the boilers of the side rows are carried
over the passages or gangways between the three rows of boilers, and they
are connected with those of the central rows of boilers. The steam pipes also
of the boilers of the side rows of boilers are connected with the steam chambers
of the central row of boilers, dampers and stop valves being used to shut off any,
one or more of the boilers from the others.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EMBOSSING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Erskine Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th November 1865.
I, JOHN ERSKINE BROWN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EMBOSSING," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention relates to apparatus for embossing paper and other
materials, and it consists mainly in applying the direct action of steam,
compressed air, or the like by means of suitable apparatus.
In one modification an inverted steam cylinder is fixed in the head of
the embossing press, and the platen or block with the upper die or dies is
fixed to the bottom of the piston rod or plunger of the cylinder. The
arrangement of the steam valve may be varied, but it is preferred to keep
a constant steam pressure on the under side of the piston, the area of
which is reduced by means of a plunger or trunk, whilst the steam is
alternately admitted to and discharged from the upper side of the piston
by means of a slide valve. The platen is made hollow in order to be
heated by means of gas jets or by steam, which arrangement is more

page_text: particularly adapted for applying gold leaf or other metallic leaf by means
of dry powdered or other adhesive gum..
In other modifications the steam cylinder is placed within the bottom
part of the machine, and either raises up the bottom plate or table or pulls
down the platen above by means of side rods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING THE BOTTOMS OF IRON SHIPS AND OTHER SURFACES TO PREVENT OXIDATION, THE ADHESION OF MARINE ANIMALS AND PLANTS, AND IN COMPOSITIONS TO BE THEREIN EMPLOYED
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Percy Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1865.
I, RICHARD PERCY ROBERTS, of 2, Michael's Place, Petersham, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING THE BOTTOMS OF IRON SHIPS AND OTHER
SURFACES TO PREVENT OXIDATION, THE ADHESION OF MARINE ANIMALS AND PLANTS,
AND IN COMPOSITIONS TO BE THEREIN EMPLOYED," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in coating the bottoms of
iron ships and other surfaces to prevent oxidation, the adhesion of marine
animals and plants, and in compositions to be therein employed.
In coating the bottom of an iron ship the surface should be in the first
place scraped and cleaned, then muriate of ammonia or other salt or com-
pound of ammonia is applied, or in place thereof water which has been
acidulated by mixing with it the farina of rye or other grain and fermenting
the mixture; or water impregnated with carbonic acid gas or acidulated water
or other solvent may be employed. The surface being thus prepared it is
coated with a varnish consisting of shellac and copal, or other gum or similar
material, dissolved in methylated or other spirit or solvent, and mixed with

page_text: nitrate of mercury or other salt of mercury, which can be held in solution
in the spirit or solvent, and which the sea water will act upon or decompose.
I prefer to employ the following composition, say :-
2 lbs. shellac.
lb. copal.
lb. nitrate of mercury.
1 gallon methylated spirit.
In place of preparing the ship's bottom as above described, it may be painted
or varnished and the composition applied over the paint or varnish, or other
methods of preparation may be resorted to.
Compositions such as that above described may be used for coating other
surfaces, whether submerged or otherwise.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PREPARING EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolph Meyer and Moritz Meyer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
23rd February 1865.-A communication from abroad by Wilhelm
Gerhardt, residing at Schnackenburg, in the Kingdom of Hanover.
We, ADOLPH MEYER, and MORITZ MEYER, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREPARING EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing explosive
compounds.
Firstly, we prepare a fulminating salt in the following manner:-1 part
of quicksilver is to be dissolved in 10 parts of nitric concentrated acid; when
quite dissolved it is put into a basin or other vessel heated by a spirit lamp
or fire; when it begins to boil add 12 parts alcohol (95 or 100 degrees,) the
heat is continued until vapours rise from the vessel; let this go on for a little
while and then put the basin in a larger vessel containing cold water; when
cooled down a sediment is found at the bottom consisting of a greyish powder;
the water is run off and the sediment washed with clean water until it seems
perfectly clean; then put the whole on a piece of filtering paper; when dry it
is ready to be used as hereafter mentioned.

page_text: Secondly, we prepare a mixture to be added to the fulminating salt; we
take 20 parts of fine powder, 1 part of antimony, and 2 parts of refined salt-
petre in powder. These materials are to be well mixed and are then ready
to be used as hereafter mentioned.
Thirdly, in the final process for completing the fulminating mass, we take 5
parts of the fulminating salt, 1 part of the powder mixture, and ½ a part of
roman cement; these parts are to be well mixed; we then add a small quantity
of dissolved gum, just enough to make a paste, which is then ready for use.
This must when dry be made waterproof by means of grease dissolved and
applied with a fine brush.
We would remark that although in the several parts of the process we
have stated the exact proportions we prefer to employ we do not confine
ourselves thereto; they may be varied without departing from the Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LETTER CLIPS, BOOK MARKERS, PAPER KNIVES, AND CLIPS FOR SUSPENDING STATIONERY, DRAPERY, AND PICTURES, AND FOR OTHER SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Corbett and Robert Har-
rington at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd April 1865.
I, THOMAS CORBETT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and I, ROBERT HARRINGTON, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Manufac-
turer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LETTER CLIPS, BOOK MARKERS, PAPER KNIVES, AND CLIPS
FOR SUSPENDING STATIONERY, DRAPERY, AND PICTURES, AND FOR OTHER SUCH LIKE
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, first, in the part of the clip that carries its fulcrum,
in forming which we turn up the sides of the lower and turn down the sides
of the upper parts of the clip, so that when the two parts are placed face to
face the turned sides of one part embrace those of the other part, and leave a
hollow space between the two parts; a pin is then passed through from side
to side, which forms the joint or fulcrum; the raised sides, although cut away
so as to allow of the necessary action in opening the clip, are by their
embracing sides prevented from moving in any other than the proper direction,
and the fulcrum thereby relieved from strain and liability to get out of order.
Another improvement consists in the particular arrangement and application
of the spring to operate in keeping the clip closed, which we form of a coil,
placed on the fulcrum pin in the hollow space between the upper and lower
parts of the clip, the two ends of the wire forming the coil or spring projecting
tangentially therefrom, so that when applied and placed in tension, the ends

page_text: take effect, the one on the tail of the lower, and the other on the tail of the
upper part of the clip. The coils of the spring may be one or more, or may
be only so much of a coil as will answer the purpose, being somewhat of a
U form, but with sufficient compressing powers in its limbs to cause it to
encircle and hold on the fulcrum pin. This clip, by leaving one of its parts
longer at the clipping end, is applicable as a book marker and paper knife
combined, and by turning one end of one of the clips it will be applicable to
the suspension of pictures, and a variety of objects.
A METALLIC ANTI-CORROSIVE VARNISH FOR. PROTECTING THE SURFACES OF METALS FROM OXIDATION
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McInnes. at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1865.
I, JOHN MINNES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer
of Compositions for Protecting the Bottoms of Iron Ships, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A METALLIC ANTI-CORROSIVE VARNISH FOR.
PROTECTING THE SURFACES OF METALS FROM OXIDATION," to be as follows (that is
to say) :-
The object of this Invention is to protect the surfaces of metals from
oxidation by means of a metallic anti-corrosive varnish, consisting of a metallic
soap formed by decomposing an alkaline soap by a metallic salt, by preference
the sulphate of zinc. The metallic soap, thus formed, is then purified by
washing or other means, after which about ten per cent. of tallow is added,
the whole is then thinned to the consistency of a varnish by adding petroleum
or other volatile spirit, in which the metallic soap will dissolve. The whole is
then passed through a filter and refiltered until perfectly clear and bright and
free from all insoluble matter, when it is stored in close vessels, to prevent
evaporation, ready for use.
This metallic anti-corrosive varnish may be applied to the surfaces to be
protected by means of a brush, or by dipping the metallic article into the
varnish, or in any other convenient manner.

page_text: This varnish will be found exceedingly valuable in protecting bright
metallic surfaces, as well as metallic surfaces generally, and can be imme-
diately removed or washed off the surfaces to which it has been applied by
the aid of turpentine, petroleum, or other volatile spirit or oil.
CERTAIN IMPROVED MEANS FOR HOLDING, ATTACHING, OR SUSPENDING FANCY ARTICLES, AS EXPOSED IN BAZAARS, SHOW ROOMS, OR SHOP WINDOWS FOR SALE, AS WELL AS THE PROVIDING OF MEANS FOR PORTABLY FITTING OR HOLDING THE PRICE TICKET TO SUCH ARTICLES, A MODIFICATION OF WHICH ARRANGEMENT IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR HOLDING AND FILING PAPERS, OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Westbury and Thomas
Wathen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd February 1865.
We, WILLIAM WESTBURY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and THOMAS WATHEN, also of Birmingham aforesaid, Pin
Pointer, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVED MEANS FOR HOLDING, ATTACHING, OR SUSPENDING FANCY ARTICLES, AS
EXPOSED IN BAZAARS, SHOW ROOMS, OR SHOP WINDOWS FOR SALE, AS WELL AS THE
PROVIDING OF MEANS FOR PORTABLY FITTING OR HOLDING THE PRICE TICKET TO
SUCH ARTICLES, A MODIFICATION OF WHICH ARRANGEMENT IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
HOLDING AND FILING PAPERS, OR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is
to say):
Our improvements consist in adapting hard drawn wire, suitably bent and
fashioned, so as to obtain an elastic and spring force of sufficient strength to
retain large or small price tickets or other notifications required to be tem-
porarily held, attached, or applied to articles exposed in bazaars, shops, and
show rooms where fancy articles are generally displayed for exhibition or sale,
such ticket or paper holders being likewise so fashioned as to be provided
with the means of suspension, as well as for holding the artiole to which the
price ticket has reference; but in cases where such ticket holders are required

page_text: for attachment to woven fabrics we purpose sharpening one end of the wire
like an ordinary pin, by which it may puncture the fabric or hook on to it.
As a modification for holding watches and articles of jewellery, and such like
small wares, a loop at the top end which affords the necessary amount of
spring force, permits them to be passed over or threaded on a cord or wire,
the two ends terminating in close contact one on the other for holding the
ticket between them, while the extreme of one end of the wire may be
fashioned into a hook for holding the watch or other articles. As a further
modification, a piece of wire with a circular or bow springed twist to form a
loop for suspension for affording the spring, may have its two ends fashioned,
one with an eye and the other at right angles, so that its extreme ends may
pass through the said eye, by which means invoices, bills, waste or other
scrap papers may be held on the point or angular part, while the eye presses
against and holds them on.
And although we have described the form and use for our improved
ticket and paper holders, nevertheless the same are capable with slight
modifications of being adapted for a variety of other purposes and uses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTING LAMPS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charles Cropp at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May 1865.
I, WILLIAM CHARLES CROPP, of Oaklands, Park Road,. Clapham, Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REFLECTING LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in reflecting lamps and
lights of all descriptions. For these purposes an ordinary tin case or case of
other metal is prepared, having instead of plate or cut glass or plated silver,
as a reflector, an oval or globular shaped and hollow glass, which is filled with
water or other liquid, from which it partly derives its reflecting and magnifying
power; the glass receptacle is placed immediately in the front of the case, or
at the side, or at any angle, and projects, or otherwise; behind it is placed the
candle lamp, or light derived from oil or any other suitable material, and my
reflector is not burnished or plated silver but one or more pieces of bright
prepared glass specially adapted for reflecting and other purposes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SIGNALS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Samuel Horridge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
August 1865.
I, EDWARD SAMUEL HORRIDGE, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SIGNALS FOR RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in effecting signals upon railways through the
medium of a gas pipe or pipes laid down from station to station, or along any
other portion of the line. In carrying out this system I propose according
to one method to use two pipes, the one supplied with gas at a comparatively
low pressure,
which shall supply a small quantity constantly burning as small
Jets at any desired situations. The other pipe to be supplied with gas at a
higher pressure, and capable of being placed in communication with the
fust-mentioned pipe by means of ordinary cocks; these cocks are placed
at intervals along the line, and when an accident thereon takes place the
guard runs to the nearest, and by turning it allows the high-pressure gas
to flow into the low pressure pipe, the small jets above mentioned as constantly
burning immediately become strong lights, which act as signals, and through
a coloured medium if desired
According to another method I use the constantly burning jet as above,
but when the high-pressure gas is turned on the increased flame buins a

page_text: tape or other such substance, which has held up an arm or other ordinary
apparatus, by the consequent falling of which the required signal is given
Or I cause the above-described burning of a tape to liberate apparatus which
places a fog signal upon the line, which fog signal may be removed when the
line is clear by the like burning of another tape.
According to another method I use two or more pipes in connection with
jets constantly burning within lamps; by turning a cock on either of these
pipes a lamp of any desired colour may be lighted up from any part of the
line.
Another use I propose for the gas pipes is to cause a tape or other such
substance to be burnt as before described, but in this instance the said burning
liberates an alarum at a station for the purpose of calling the attention of
the station master or other official, who can then signal along the line by any
ordinary method, or by means above described.
I also propose to use the said gas pipes for the purpose of communicating
instructions along the line, the gas being turned on and off, and thus affording
intermittent flashes, a certain number of which may indicate a particular
instruction.
AN IMPROVED CASED SPLINT FOR FRACTURES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Alfred Hemingway at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th June 1865.
I, CHARLES ALFRED HEMINGWAY, of Dewsbury, in the County of York,
Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CASED SPLINT FOR FRACTURES," to be as follows:-
It is well known to medical practitioners that the ordinary method of
treating fractured bones by means of loose bolsters with loose straps and loose
bandages and splints is attended with inconvenience, great pain, and loss of
time. To diminish these is the object of my Invention, and the same will be
found more especially useful in the field of battle, in hospital practice, in
railway accidents, or other emergencies. For this purpose I use a casing of
leather or other material of such shape and length as may be required to
envelope the fractured part it may be desired to splint, and provided with
straps which may be relaxed or tightened as occasion requires. The inner
side of the casing I pad and line with pockets, either longitudinal or lateral,
as may be preferred, into which pockets I introduce splints of steel, zinc, tin,
or any suitable substances. Holes are pierced through the leather or other
material and through the lining to allow of the evaporation of moisture. The
distance of the splints from each other may be regulated according to circum-
stances. Thus it will be seen by the arrangement described I have a compact

page_text: splint apparatus which can be quickly applied with comparatively little pain
to the patient, and which may be removed with ease whenever it is considered
desirable.
AN IMPROVED AXLE BOX FOR SUPPLYING OIL TO THE JOURNALS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
October 1865. A communication from abroad by Prosper Piot and
Edmond Piot,, both of Bully, Rhône, France, Contractors..
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE; of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 23, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED AXLE BOX FOR SUPPLYING OIL TO THE JOURNALS OF
RAILWAY VEHICLES," (a communication to me from abroad by Prosper
Piot and Edmond Piot, both of Bully, Rhône, France, Contractors, to be
as follows:-
The improved axle box, the subject of this Invention, which may be
termed "Box for lubricating with oil, with moveable bottom forming a
closed reservoir," is applicable to every sort of railway vehicle, and is com-
posed of two parts, one of which is moveable, and this particularity is the
main characteristic of the Invention. The upper part of the axle box,
or, strictly speaking, the box, is of cast iron furnished with a bronze bearing
at the point of contact with the axle journal. The slide or moveable
bottom is also of cast iron; it slides in two grooves made in the box, and is
held in position by an iron key or wedge applied in front of the box; it
has a double bottom, and is consequently divided into two superposed
compartments, the bottom one forming the oil reservoir, in which is plunged
a wick or plug which feeds itself, that it may at the same time effect the

page_text: lubrication of the axle journal with which it is in contact. The upper
bottom presents a concave surface in order to gather in the centre of the
slide the excess of oil furnished by the wick. This oil returns into the
reservoir by an opening in this bottom, which permits the feeding of the
reservoir without the necessity of dividing the wick. The mobility of the
under part of the box, besides permitting a ready inspection of the lubrica-
tion and of the state of the journal, also permits the rapid substitution of a
new axle in case of accident or wear, as the operation can be effected
without taking any part of the box to pieces, but by simply withdrawing
the moveable bottom; and should any damage occur to this moveable part
it will not be necessary to entirely renew the axle box, but simply to
substitute another under part in lieu of the one past use.
AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL OIL FOR LUBRICATING MACHINERY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Lester at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
December 1865.
I, JOHN HENRY LESTER, of Brooklyn, King's County, and State of New
York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL OIL FOR LUBRICATING MACHINERY AND
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists in producing from a combination of common
oils with fatty and glutinous ingredients a lubricating oil which is superior
in quality, cheaper of production, and more economical to use than other
oils employed for similar purposes.
Of the said oils and other ingredients, which are simple and abundant, I
use about the following proportions:-One part of gelatine or glutinous
substance extracted from cattle's feet or hides; two parts of the fat, tallow,
and glutinous matter of bullocks or other animals; one part of pressed
paraffine or mineral oil; one-eighth part of animal, vegetable, or fish oil.
The manufacturing process is accomplished by placing the cattle's feet,
hide, tallow, or carcase of the bullock or other animal in a boiler; I then
put in the said boiler a quantity of soft water sufficient to cover the
materials above mentioned. I then boil the whole at about 240° Fahren-
heit for about four hours, or until the flesh and gristle is removed from the
bones. The bones are then removed from the said boiler, or reduced to
form a component part of my oil if desired. I next put into the boiler

page_text: the paraffine or mineral oil for the purpose of neutralizing and holding
spermanently in solution the previously deposited ingredients or fatty and
glutinous matters, or the paraffine may be introduced for the same purpose
when cooled off in the vats. I now draw off the liquid so formed from
the boiler into vats or tanks and allow the said liquid to cool down to
about 70°, I then introduce the fish, animal, or vegetable oil and agitate
the mixture. Finally, I run the said mixture off from the vats into barrels
and my improved mechanical oil is then, ready for the market.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SPIRITUOUS LIQUORS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Joseph Fallon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th November 1865.
I, PATRICK JOSEPH FALLON, of Carysfort Avenue, Black Rock, in the
County of Dublin, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SPIRITUOUS LIQUORS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in the first place of a process for purifying
spirits in cask with charcoal in the following manner, viz.:-I pour six
pounds of prepared powdered oak charcoal into a cask containing one
hundred and ten gallons, and the same proportion more or less according
to quantity; the liquor is then well roused up with a long stick or rousing
brush, such as is used in fining wine, for ten minutes, and that operation
is repeated four times daily for fourteen days, at the end of which time I
add two quarts of the best milk fresh from the cow, more or less according
to the quantity of spirits, adding also as much colouring as will give it a
slight golden tinge. It is again roused up well and left to settle down for
a few days, when the operation is completed. Every time the charcoal
is roused up it carries down as it subsides more or less of the slimy im-
purities which are found in the bottom of a cask of spirits which has been
in store for any number of years. It ripens the spirits in a few months

page_text: instead of years, thereby saving a great loss to the owners in reduction of
strength and quantity, and the milk imparts all the sweetness and mellow
flavour it would acquire by age.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING SIGNALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Horace Brandon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
November 1865.-A communication from Count Ambjorn Pietro
Sparre, residing at 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER HORACE BRANDON, Engineer, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
I connect the places, stations, or rooms from which communications are
to be sent and where they are to be received by a small air-tight pipe, one
extremity of which is terminated by an air-tight box or other receptacle
provided with an elastic cover, whilst the other extremity is attached to a
bent metallic pipe, similar to those used for pressure gauges and barometers,
known as aneroid barometers, so that on a slight pressure being applied to
the elastic cover of the air-tight box it will cause the extremities of the
bent pipe to open. The transmitting as well as the receiving apparatus are
provided with a fixed dial, on which are marked numbers, letters, or other
conventional signs for the purpose of signalling, I depress the elastic diaphragm
of the transmitting apparatus by means of a rotating handle, the axis of which
is provided with a pinion gearing in a rack terminated by a disc or plate
resting on the said elastic diaphragm, and to the said handle is affixed a

page_text: pointer which during the rotation revolves in front of the signs marked on
the dial. The pressure thus exerted on the air causes the extremities of the
bent pipe attached to the receiving apparatus to expand, and this motion is
transmitted to a pointer running over the face of the dial by means of
appropriate multiplying gear, such as is used in the aneroid pressure gauges
or barometers, and in such a manner that the motion of the pointer on the
transmitting apparatus coincides exactly with that of the pointer on the
receiving apparatus; and this machinery can be made double acting, that is,
available for signalling both ways, by providing either extremity of the same
pipe with a transmitting as well as a receiving apparatus, and a bell may
also be attached to either extremity of the pipe, similar in construction to the
one described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Frederick
Tolhausen, dated October 6th, 1864, No. 2456, and in such cases the action of
the compressed air on either of these organs can be admitted or arrested by
means of an ordinary stop cock or other appropriate device.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHAWLS AND SIMILAR ORNAMENTAL WEAVINGS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Houghton Clabburn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
December 1865.-
I, WILLIAM HOUGHTON CLABBURN, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk,
Shawl Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHAWLS AND SIMILAR ORNAMENTAL
WEAVINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of shawls
and similar ornamental weavings.
Formerly in weaving shawls in which weft of many different colors was
employed it was usual to produce the pattern entirely by means of this colored
weft, and the warp was fine, usually of a dull color, and was kept as much
as possible off the face. More recently the warp has been used to form part of.
the pattern by being brought to the surface more in one place than in another,
according as the pattern required. In some cases also such shawls have
been made double-faced, that is to say, to appear of the same pattern on the
one face as on the other by so arranging the pattern on each face throughout
that as far as outline is concerned it repeats itself, but with change of color;
the colored weft then which is in front in one of these parts of the pattern is
behind in the other part, and vice versa, and so as far as the weft is concerned a

page_text: similar appearance was thus given to the two sides of the fabric. This,
however, does not apply to the parts of the pattern obtained by bringing the
warp to the surface, which parts of the pattern have heretofore been disposed
solely as the taste of the designer dictated, and without rule. Two warps,
either of the same or of different colors, have consequently been employed
heretofore in producing such double-faced shawls or weavings, one warp to be
brought up to produce pattern on the one face, and the other to produce pattern
on the other face.
Now according to this Invention I dispense with one of these warps, and
I arrange the pattern in such manner that wherever in one-half of the pattern
the warp comes to the surface to appear in the design in the other half of the
pattern (or the repeat thereof with altered colors as already mentioned) the warp
is buried and the weft is on the surface to produce the design. By this arrange-
ment it will be seen that one jacquard engine and set of cards is required in
place of two, as is required when the double face is produced with two pattern
warps.
I use in addition to the warp of the pattern a binding warp in order
more securely to tie in the wefts; this binding warp as heretofore is kept as
much as possible off the face. Where it is desired that in addition to figured
fabric produced as above described there should be also at other parts of the
piece a plain or ground fabric I find it convenient to cut off the binding warps,
leaving the pattern warp of the figured fabric to form the warp of the plain
fabric.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CUTTING THE TERRY OR LOOPS OF FUSTIANS,' CORDS, AND SIMILAR FABRICS, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CUTTING VELVETS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leslie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August 1865.
I, JAMES LESLIE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Fustian
Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CUTTING THE TERRY OR LOOPS OF FUSTIANS,' CORDS, AND SIMILAR
FABRICS, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CUTTING VELVETS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of cutting the "terry" or loops
formed in the weaving of "cords," "fustians," "thicksets," velvets, and similar
fabrics so as to form a pile or plush by the severance of the loops.
The improvements consist in the use and application of a guide or
"distender" to each "race" of loops, which is to keep the loops firmly dis-
tended, that whilst in such condition they may be cut by revolving circular
knives. Each distender consists of two thin blades of metal hinged together
at the point or end which enters and advances up the "terry," and the plates
are kept asunder so as to distend the "terry" laterally by means of a spring
placed between them, which renders them self-adjusting to any width of
"race" of loops. The guides or "distenders" being inserted into the "races"
are then secured to a rod to connect them together, and as the fabric is
wound on a roller behind them they open and distend the "terry," which
whilst in a state of tension is cut by a corresponding series of cutters revolving
in a direction contrary to the passage of the fabric arranged above and acting
upon the terry between the distending blades.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SIGNAL, APPLICABLE TO RAILWAYS, SHIPS, TELEGRAPHS, AND OTHER SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Warn Banks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1865.
I, ALFRED WARN BANKS, of Newgate Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
SIGNAL, APPLICABLE TO RAILWAYS, SHIPS, TELEGRAPHS, AND OTHER SUCH
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of signalling apparatus, more
particularly applicable to railway purposes, but which is also adapted for use
on board ships, and as a telegraphic light signal generally: I propose to
construct an openwork sphere or globe of thin bands of iron, or steel, or wire
rivetted, or soldered, or otherwise fastened together, encircled by an outer
band at right angles thereto; the interior of the sphere contains a ring fixed
to two axes, which work in bearings in the outer ring, so as to allow of
oscillation; the inner ring is then provided with an oscillating bar running at
right angles to the line of the axes on which the ring oscillates; the centre
of this bar is enlarged and perforated for the purpose of containing a metal
tube or case filled with the well-known powder used in theatres for producing
colored fire, either, red, green, blue, white, or otherwise, as desired. The
tube also contains a friction fuse, which may be drawn out of the tube when
it is required to use the signal. The tube is secured in position by descending
guide rods or wires, to which is fixed a rest plate for the bottom of the tube,
and a small screw is inserted under the plate into the tube for fixing the same.
In some cases a tray or receiver for the drops falling from the tube should be

page_text: fixed on and around the tube. The oscillating bar is made heavier on one
side of the tube than on the other, in order to cause the tube always to
assume an oblique or slanting position. And it will thus be evident that
when the fuse is withdrawn, and the signal lighted, the apparatus may be
thrown from a train, and will roll to a state of rest, no matter in what
position, since the oscillating ring will act like that in which a ship's compass
is secured, and the oscillating bar will allow of the proper position or balance
of the tube always being maintained, in order that the dross or ash of the fire
powder may fall out of or away from the tube. By use of this apparatus in
a tunnel or elsewhere an approaching train may be warned (by the brilliant
light) of another train being in front. The signal may be suspended on a
ship, or on land, or used generally for telegraphic purposes at night, or in
foggy weather. The signal apparatus may be provided with an air chamber
or hollow ring so as to enable it to float on water, and the apparatus may be
weighted so as to maintain its requisite vertical position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE IN FURNACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Worssam at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1865.
I, CHARLES WORSSAM, of Commercial Wharf, Kingsland Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING
SMOKE IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a tube or cylinder made flat, oval, or square to
suit different furnaces. This tube or cylinder I fix in front of the furnace
over the fire. At the end of this tube or cylinder, inside the furnace, I fix
a fan-shaped casting or hollow body. I also attach a steam pipe to the boiler
and insert the end in the mouth of the tube or cylinder outside the furnace.
Attached to this steam pipe is a cock with a lever and balance weight and a
vertical sliding bar; at the lower end of this sliding bar is fixed an incline,
so that on the fire-door being opened it passes under the incline, lifts the
sliding bar, and opens the cock, the steam then passes through the steam
pipe into the mouth of the tube or cylinder, by which means a vacuum is
formed, and the atmospheric air or gases is or are drawn in and passes or
pass through the tube or cylinder with the steam into the fan-shaped casting
or hollow body, and is or are distributed over the fire, igniting the smoke.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I claim particularly
the passing of atmospheric air or gases by and with the steam through the
same tube or cylinder on to fires in furnaces; I also claim as an entire new
method the opening of the steam cock by means of the fire-door, as herein-
before described..