Improvements in Forging and Shaping Iron- and Steel-blocks.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 28th Mar., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Forging and Shaping Iron- and Steel-blocks.
I, HEINRICH EHRHARDT, of Düsseldorf, in the German Empire, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to a new method of simultaneously punching and shaping
iron- and steel-blocks in red-hot or white-glowing state, and in order to make my
invention more clear, I refer to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters
denote similar parts throughout the several figures, and in which
Figs. 1-14 show the original procedure with its several modifications, clearly
specified in the following description.
To produce a hollow cylinder from wrought-iron or steel, a piece of square-iron
or -steel is taken, the cross-section of which, diagonally measured, corresponds to
the diameter of the hollow cylinder to be produced. Said piece of square-iron or
-steel when in red-hot or white-glowing state is delivered into the matrix (b, Figs. 1
& 2) the inner space of which also corresponds to the shape of the hollow cylinder
to be produced, and a pointed core-bar ( Fig. 1) is driven then into the metal by
means of a hammer or press, whilst lid d (Fig. 1) is used as guide for said core-bar.
The diameter of the latter is chosen so that the material forced aside by it is
sufficient to fill the four segment-shaped spaces e (Fig. 2) and it is well considered
that a certain upsetting of the metal is caused by such procedure. The core-bar
enters the metal without any difficulty, as the metal whilst being forced away can
give way at its sides, and a hollow cylinder with closed bottom, as represented in
Figs. 3 & 4, is thus produced. Punching or perforating said hollow cylinder may
be effected in exactly the same manner by means of a blunt core-bar, provided the
cylinder be not intended to be employed with its bottom.
Hollow cylinders manufactured according to the process above described may be
used, for instance, for producing thin-shelled pipes or rings by drawing or rolling
such cylinders.
When desiring to manufacture hollow bodies of prismatic shape, a matrix is
used having the respective prismatic inner shape, and a round piece of metal is
employed the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the greatest circle
within the base of the prism. The process is, in the whole, the same as described
above. The piece of metal is centred by the matrix, and the spaces between matrix
and metal are filled by the material pressed away or aside by means of the core-
bar, as already explained.
For manufacturing hollow bodies of somewhat greater length, two core-bars
instead of one may be employed, and they may be pressed into the metal from both
sides as shown in Fig. 5.
Blocks of irregular cross-section may be punched and shaped in quite the same
way, there being, however, the condition, that the piece of metal be centred
by the matrix, and that sufficient space be left for receiving the material pressed
away by said core-bar or bars; the latter may be of any regular or irregular cross-
section, for instance of oval shape, as shown in Figs. 6, 7, 8 & 9. The cross-section
of the metal to be punched is to be seen from Fig. 7, and Fig. 9 shows the cross-
section of the punch piece.
In order to transshape an oval piece of metal into a round one (as indicated by
dotted lines in Fig. 10) a round core-bar of corresponding greater cross-section may
be employed.
The matrix consists of the part i, which is closed at its top by connecting-piece k,

page_text: and at its bottom by plate ; piece being used at the same time as guide for
the core-bar.
In steain-hammers, mechanical, hammers or presses, the frame of any of the
latter may be used as guide for the core-bar, as shown in Figs 11 & 12. The metal-
piece m of triangular cross-section is to be transshaped into a round form; for this
purpose-the-core-bar-n.may be attached either to the monkey of a hammer or to
the moving part of a press. In special cases, the core-bar may be firmly-secured to
the-frame of the press, and the matrix together with the piece of metal to be worked
may be lifted again, in other cases, the apparatus may be, arranged, so that both
core-bar and matrix are moved towards each other.
For better securing the guiding and contact of the metal-piece, and for furthering
the swell of its, free surfaces those parts, of the matrix. which are touched by the
edges of the metal-piece may be provided with a cooling.device. In Figs. 6, 7, 8
and 9 the hollow spaces oo of the matrix are filled with. water for the above
mentioned purpose, and in those matrices shown in Figs. 11 and 12, or 13 and 14
respectively, the hollow spaces pp, or gugu respectively, serve for cooling the
matrix by means of water.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. A method of simultaneously punching and shaping iron- and steel-blocks in
red hot or white-glowing state, consisting in pressing a core-bar or bars of any
cross-section, into the metal-piece to be punched and shaped, the latter being
held in a matrix in such a way, that spaces are left between the block and the
matrix said spaces being filled out by the material pressed aside by the core bar
or bars, thus shaping the iron- or steel-blocks, as described.
:
2. A method of simultaneously punching and shaping iron- and steel-blocks in
red-hot, or white-glowing state, .consisting in pressing a core-bar or bars of any
cross-section into, the metal-piece to be punched and shaped, the latter being contained
in a matrix having hollow spaces for cooling purposes around a central space for
shaping the block held in the,matrix, said block receiving its shape by the material
pressed aside by the core-bar or bars,.as described.
Dated this 20th day of February 1891
FREDK. WALKER,
11Furnival Street, Holborn, E:C., Agent for the Applicant.