IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF ACCELERATING THE SETTING AND HARDENING OF CEMENTS
Year: 1885

page_text: We WILLIAM MILLAR of 33 Sherbroke Road, Modeller and Plasterer, and
CHRISTIAN FAIR NICHOLS of 2 Landridge Road, Dame, both of London in the
county of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of our said invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF ACCELERATING THE SETTING AND HARDENING
OF CEMENTS" and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
"
This invention relates to certain improvements in the means of accelerating
the setting and hardening of cements, and has for its object the improvement of
the quality of the fluid mixture, used in combination with cements or concretes..
It is usual to mix with cements or concretes a certain. quantity of water to
render the mass plastic, and fit for use: By our invention instead of using water
alone, we add to the water certain chemical ingredients, which have the effect of
(1) accelerating its setting properties; (2) indurating the cement, or increasing its
natural hardening properties; and (3) acting upon the cement or concrete when
set, in such a manner as to enable the mass to be handled in from one hour
upwards.
Our invention is particularly applicable to cements or concretes for flooring.
walling, or work executed in situ, and for constructive building, casts, statuary,
slabs, and similar articles.
For simplicity we will set forth the chemicals we add to the water to be mixed
with cements or concretes, in groups as required for their several particular purposes
and in their approximate proportions.
The ingredients we use for accelerating the setting of cements are :-
Carbonate of Soda,
.Alum.
Carbonate of Ammonia..
for indurating or increasing the hardening properties of cements:-
Chloride of Calcium.
Oxide of Magnesia.
Chloride of Magnesia or Bittern water.
for obtaining an intense hardness
Oxychloride of Magnesia
and we may use as an after process for further indurating cements, Silicon, Boron,
or some combination of these two chemicals with Bichromate of Potash.
We may use some or all of the above in certain proportions which of necessity
vary according to the nature of the cement used, and the length of time in which
it is desired, that the cement shall set and harden, and we so proportion the
various per centages used of the above ingredients, that we are able by our
process to cause floors, slabs, cubes or other forms of cementitious concretes to
set hard in from one to twelve hours as may be required. Thus casts, or slabs,
Die 231

page_text: or mouldings, for decorative or other purposes will set hard the same day on which
they are made.
In order to make our invention as clear and defined as possible we will now set
out certain proportions, which we have found to be the best suited for some of the
various purposes to which our composition is applicable.
For coloured concretes for casts or other purposes we use:-
Articles manufactured by our invention are afterwards wetted with Chloride of
Calcium and placed in a bath containing a solution of Silicate of Soda or Chloride
of Calcium. The strength of the Chloride of Calcium is equal to about twenty
degrees specific gravity We have herein mentioned what we consider. to be the
best proportions in our knowledge in which to combine the various ingredients
of our composition but we wish it to be clearly understood that we do not bind
ourselves to the exact or precise proportions set forth as the same may be altered
or varied without departing from the principle or main features of our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed We declare that what
we claim is
•
The compound consisting of the combination of Carbonate of Soda or Alum and
Carbonate of Ammonia with Chloride of Magnesia, Chloride of Calcium, Oxide
of Magnesia and Oxychloride of Magnesia to be mixed with water and added to
cements or concretes, substantially as and for the purposes herein before described
and set forth.
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