matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT- MENT OF THAT PREPARATION OF INDIA-RUBBER COMMONLY CALLED 'VULCANITE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cream Henderson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th April 1875.
I, WILLIAM CREAM HENDERSON, of the European Rubber Company,
Limited, Pownall Road, Dalston, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT-
MENT OF THAT PREPARATION OF INDIA-RUBBER COMMONLY CALLED 'VULCANITE,'”
to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to obtain various colored effects in
"vulcanite." For this purpose india-rubber is combined with color in
equal or other proportions according to the depth of color or tint desired.
To this combination is added about 50 per cent. or such other quantity
of sulphur as may be required for the purpose of the conversion of the
india-rubber, and having regard to the action of the sulphur on the
color, I then "cure" or partially "cure" the compound obtained so as
to reduce it into particles of the size required. These particles I then
mix with the dough of ordinary vulcanite in proportions varying with

page_text: the effect desired to be produced, and then I form such dough into sheets
or mould, or produce it in any desired form as is usual in treating
vulcanite or as may be most convenient, and "cure" it. By these
means I am enabled to obtain effects very much resembling granite and
other stones or marbles in appearance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AMMONIA AND CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hartley Kenyon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
June 1875.
I, HARTLEY KENYON, of the Firm of Kenyon Brothers, of Warrington,
in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemists, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR
OBTAINING AMMONIA AND CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM," to be as follows:-
We take galvanizers' flux, adding thereto 10 to 20. per cent., more or
less, of carbon, which may be in the form of animal charcoal, prussiate of
potash, waste or any other charcoal, and grind and dry the mixture
before submitting to distillation, by preference, in a covered salt cake
pot (or any other convenient covered vessel may be used) at a
temperature of from 212° to 500° Farenheit, thereby liberating ammonia
which can then be collected in the ordinary manner, or we sublime the
flux without carbon, and so obtain chloride of ammonium, taking care
that the temperature shall not be sufficient to volatalise the zinc or iron
salts contained in the flux, and we sometimes add ammonia in either of
the above cases to ensure the conversion of part of the chloride of zinc
into chloride of ammonium.
Improvements IN MACHINERY FOR WEIGHING COALS AND REGISTERING THE WEIGHT, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR WEIGHING AND REGISTERING THE WEIGHT OF COALS DELIVERED TO SHIPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Johnston at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
October 1875.
I, ROBERT JOHNSTON, of Tynemouth, in the County of Northumberland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Improvements IN
MACHINERY FOR WEIGHING COALS AND REGISTERING THE WEIGHT, PARTICULARLY
APPLICABLE FOR WEIGHING AND REGISTERING THE WEIGHT OF COALS DELIVERED TO
SHIPS," to be as follows:-
My improved machine is constructed so as to weigh and keep a
correct register of coals taken into the bunkers of steam ships, and
which may be used for other like purposes; it consists of a spring
balance arranged with wheels to multiply by ten, the right-hand dial
shewing ten tons, or it can be arranged to indicate only one ton by
altering a lever; the next dial indicates one hundred tons, the next one
thousand, and the next ten thousand tons. The wheels are set in
motion by a lever which is attached to a slide at the one end and by a
connecting rod to a grip, which works in the same manner as a patent
windlass on a wheel, but is capable of being worked as a ratchet. The

page_text: lever has a slot at each end and the rod can be shifted to regulate the
stroke.
A spring is screwed up tight enough to sustain the weight of a tank
without altering the position; there are three wheels taking into three
pinions and a pawl to prevent turning back. The machine is wound up
by a key by means of a spindle. The keyhole is fitted with a screw
cap and a thin brass plate, inside a space is filled with sealing wax
and the shipowner's seal impressed thereon to prevent any tampering;
the tank will ordinarily hold eight hundredweights, but may be made.
larger and to take to pieces if required; the framework on which the
machine hangs may also be taken to picces and stowed away, or the
machine may be used without any special frame, so that there bo
A dial will indicate
something on board to hang the machine on.
hundredweights in the ordinary way, as well as in the manner described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING ORDNANCE, RIFLES, AND FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May
1875.
I, EDWIN JOHNSON, of St. Clement's House, St. Clement's Lane,
London, E.C., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING ORDNANCE, RIFLES, AND FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention of improvements in breech-loading ordnance, rifles, and
fire-arms, consists in so constructing and arranging the mechanism of
the breech, that simplicity of action and great speed are attained in
loading, firing, and releasing the spent ball or cartridge, these improve-
ments being applicable to either rifled or smooth bored barrels.
When applied to guns and other fire-arms I fix between the rear end
of the barrel and front end of the stock, a short tube or barrel of large
diameter finishing flush with the stock at the top and bottom but
projecting on each side, within this tube revolves a cartridge case having
three or more chambers. When three only are employed they are made to
an angle of 120° with each other, one chamber being at the top of the barrel

page_text: with one on each side. In line with and behind the top chamber is a
hole in which works a plunger for firing the cartridge, and also with-
drawing the spent case. Behind the plunger is a lever working on a pin
and acted upon by a trigger and springs from below.
The cartridge case revolves on a centre and is cut through part of its
length with a quick thread screw or spiral groove, in which works the
pin of a connecting rod actuated by the lever, and is used for turning the
case round and bringing the cartridge into position for firing.
When required for use the action of the rifle is as follows:-
Supposing the top chamber to contain a cartridge case already fired, the
part of the tube on the right-hand side of the stock is open at the back
and exposes the open end of the cartridge case, in this is inserted a
cartridge, the trigger is then drawn back, by which action the lever and
plunger are drawn back also, the plunger bringing with it the spent case;
when part way back the lever catches hold of and draws the connecting
rod; this connecting rod by means of the spiral groove gives a third of a
turn to the cartridge case taking with it the new cartridge to the top of
the case in a position for firing, and moves the spent case round to the
position of the left-hand chamber. The tube projecting from the left-
hand side of the stock is open at the bottom and allows the spent case to
drop out, the two side chambers are now empty and the top one contains
a cartridge ready for firing; the trigger is then released and the centre
pin of the plunger head springing forward fires the cartridge. The rifle
then being in the same condition as before the action may be repeated
as often as desired. All the actions being set in motion and controlled
by the trigger, mutatis mutandis; the same principle is applicable to
ordnance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES FOR FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1875

page_text: t
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th November 1875.-A communication from abroad by Jules
François Le Bert, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES FOR FIRE-ARMS," to be
as follows:
This Invention relates to an improved projectile or ball cartridge for
breech-loading fire-arms to be used in shooting galleries, and for sporting
purposes. The projectile which may be made either of oblong, cylindro-
conical, or other form externally contains within itself the charge of
powder required for its projection, and also the fulminate. The charge
is completely enclosed within a chamber or cavity in the body of the
'projectile at the rear end, a small hole only being left at the base
of the projectile for the entrance of the needle or striker of the fire-
arm.
The projectile is made preferably of cylindro-conical form, its length
A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF PROTECTING TEA CHESTS, AND MEANS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lipman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1875.
I, HENRY LIPMAN, in the employment of "Messrs. Lipman & Co."
of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, Bag Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED MODE OF PROTECTING TEA CHESTS, AND MEANS EMPLOYED FOR THAT
PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application and use of special or ready
made covers of textile fabrics preferably of jute, hemp, flax, cotton, or
similar materials, for protecting the outer surfaces of tea chests from
injury in the course of shipment or transit from one place to another.
At present the wood of which these chests are made is covered by a thin
ornamental papering, which frequently gets rubbed off to a considerable
extent, and which has the effect of seriously disfiguring the chest, and
to prevent this (as well as to prevent the chests from injuring each
other) in a much simpler method than hitherto is the main object of the
present improvements.

page_text: Under one modification the textile fabric employed is cut into the
particular shape and size necessary for completely encasing or covering
the entire chest, and the sides and bottom are duly seamed together,
leaving the upper parts or lid covering unsewn in order that the chest
may first be set into the casing as into a square bag, after which the
overlapping or lid covering is sewn, laced, or otherwise secured to the
side portions either at the edges or across the middle part. Or otherwise
the textile fabric is woven to the requisite width suitable for the various
sizes to which tea chests are made, and cross cut into the particular
lengths suitable for covering or wrapping round the four sides of each
size of chest, and the cross cut ends are then folded and hemmed and
provided with eyelets, so that the top ends of the covering or wrapper
may be at once firmly laced together, and the two pieces for the ends of
the tea chest are provided with eyelets corresponding to other eyelets
along the selvage of the long wrapper, in order that these end pieces may
be similarly laced to the side coverings, and under either modification
the joining edges may be wholly or partly sewn or laced or tied with
double ends or tags as may be desired.
One great advantage of these improvements is, that such coverings for
tea chests can be manufactured in great quantities for the several sizes
to which tea chests are made, and may be supplied or shipped all ready
for immediate use and application, and the covers may be used over and
over again, thus effecting great economy.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRIVING THE SPINDLES OF SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND OTHER SIMILAR MACHINERY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Holt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June
1875.
I, WILLIAM HOLT, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD
OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRIVING THE SPINDLES OF SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND OTHER
SIMILAR MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction and adaptation of a
novel description of driving gear for imparting the necessary revolving
motion to the spindles of spinning, doubling, and other similar machinery,
whereby less power is required to work such spindles and at the same
time greater regularity and certainty of twist is obtained than when
such spindles are driven by bands or frictional or toothed gearing.
In carrying out my Invention I mount a sleeve piece on each spindle,
which is of sufficient weight to cause such spindle to revolve by simply
resting upon a shoulder formed on the spindle to receive it, and on the
outside of this sleeve piece I arrange a number of projecting spirals or
screw threads, which are in gear with a series of pegs projecting from

page_text: the periphery of disc wheels keyed upon a horizontal driving shaft, or
instead of having a separate disc wheel carrying pegs for each spindle,
I sometimes employ a drum with the pegs surrounding it at the
requisite intervals, or a light frame may be constructed for carrying such
pegs.
The action of this driving gear is as follows:-When the horizontal
driving shaft revolves the series of pegs herein-before mentioned take
successively into the spiral grooves formed by the spiral projections on
the sleeve pieces, and so cause such sleeve pieces to revolve whilst the
friction of such sleeve pieces upon the shoulders of the spindles ensures
their revolving at the same time. This method of driving spindles
permits of any spindle being stopped for piecing without at the same
time stopping the neighbouring spindles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES AND STUDS AND OTHER SIMILAR DRESS FASTENINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur John Aston at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
February 1875.
I, ARTHUR JOHN ASTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Button Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES AND STUDS AND OTHER SIMILAR DRESS
FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to such solitaires, studs, and other like dress
fastenings, as consist essentially of two separate discs or parts provided
respectively with appendages by which they can readily be engaged
together and detached, and constituting when engaged together a simple
and efficient dress fastening.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a sleeve or collar
stud. To the back of the front disc of the stud I attach a central stem
perpendicular to the said back. This stem is wedge-shaped, that is,
it tapers from its base to its summit. On its opposite inclined sides
are transverse grooves or corrugations symmetrically disposed, the
depressions on one side being opposite to those on the other side. To

page_text: the back of the other or back disc of the stud I affix a hollow stem or
shank. The said shank is perpendicular to the back of the part carrying
it, and is of such a size that the wedge-shaped stem on the other part
will readily enter it. In the said hollow stem or shank I fix a fork-
shaped spring, the said spring having transverse grooves or corrugations 5
in it corresponding to those on the wedge-shaped stem. When the
wedge-shaped stem on the back of the front disc of the stud is inserted
and pushed home in the hollow stem or shank of the back disc the
forked spring is first forced open, but when the bulging or convex
portions of the said stem are brought opposite the concave parts of the 1
spring between the arms of which it is advancing, the arms of the spring
close upon the said stem and hold it securely, the withdrawal of the
wedge-shaped stem and the separation of the two parts of the fastening
requiring the application of considerable force.
The forked spring may be secured in its place in the hollow stem or 1
shank by a piece of metal passing through the bend of the spring and
fitting and secured in a recess in the disc. I do not however confine
myself to any particular method of securing the spring in its place.
In using a stud made according to my Invention the hollow stem is
passed through the holes in the overlapping edges of the wristband, and :
the wedge-shaped stem of the front disc is introduced into and pushed
home in the said hollow stem, when the parts are secured together by
the snapping action herein-before referred to. Pressure applied by the
thumb and fingers between the front and back discs in a direction proper
to separate them readily effects] the separation of the two parts of the
fastening.
The application of my Invention to dress fastenings other than sleeve
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN DRAWING OR DEPICTING OBJECTS OR SCENES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ewen Evershed at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
April 1875.
I, EWEN EVERSHED, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Solicitor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN DRAWING OR DEPICTING OBJECTS OR SCENES," to
be as follows :-
-
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus to be employed in
drawing or depicting on a plane surface any object or scene in its true
proportions and perspective without any knowledge being required of
the rules of perspective.
The apparatus is constructed of two parts, namely an object, frame
and an eye frame. The object frame is constructed of an open frame
of wood or metal of any convenient sizo and shape, and it is divided into
parts of any desired size or shape by lines or wires crossing each other.
The eye frame is constructed of a frame of wood or metal (made to fix
on the object frame or otherwise) holding with or without elastic bands
a spectacle frame or other similar apparatus in' a fixed position so that
the lines of the object frame will to the eye of the person using the eye

page_text: frame always cut or impinge on the same parts of the object or scene,
and enable such person to draw on any plane surface ruled with the
same number of squares as the object frame, any object or scene in its
true proportions and perspective without any knowledge of the rules of
perspective.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN TEMPLES TO BE EMPLOYED IN CON- NECTION WITH SUCH LOOMS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Holding at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1875.
66
I, JOSEPH HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN TEMPLES TO BE EMPLOYED IN CON-
NECTION WITH SUCH LOOMS," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to looms employed in weaving, and to temples
used in such looms, and has for its object in the first place to improve
the action of the healds or to obtain a better result from such action.
In looms as ordinarily constructed for weaving plain cloth the two
sets of healds are alternately drawn down by means of tappets, and onc
set of healds is connected with the other set in such a manner as that
when either set is drawn down the other set is raised, whereby the
"shed" is formed in the warp.
In lieu of this arrangement I employ a tappet to draw down each set
of healds, and a spring or springs, or a weight or weights to raise the
healds, the springs or weights tending to maintain the bowls in contact

page_text: with the tappets. I form cach tappet with two opposite concentric
parts so as to obtain a dwell or temporary cessation of the motion of the
healds, and especially of the healds which sustain the top of the shed,
the parts being so adjusted as that the top of the, shed is slacker than the
bottom, or is not lifted to any great extent above the level of the
warp. By these means I obtain a better cover or face to the cloth,
and I believe that the strain upon the healds and upon the warp is
reduced, and that less power is required to work the loom.
The object of my improvement in the temples is to prevent or lessen
the marking or damaging of the cloth usually occasioned by the ordinary 1
temples.
In my improved temple the rollers or the pair of rollers nearest the
cloth beam are arranged with their axes at an angle the one to the other,
the outer gudgeons which are nearest to the selvedge being wider apart
than the inner gudgeons, the effect being that the cloth is released more 1
.gradually.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED GRAIN AND BULK CARGO WEIGHING MACHINE, SACK FILLEB, AND AUTOMATIC REGISTER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Goodwin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
October 1875.
I, WILLIAM GOODWIN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Corn
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COMBINED GRAIN AND BULK CARGO WEIGHING MACHINE, SACK FILLEB,
AND AUTOMATIC REGISTER," to be as follows:-
The objects of my Invention are to correctly weigh and quickly fill
into sacks or bags grain and bulk cargo, and accurately to register by
mechanical appliances the number of times the apparatus has been filled
and emptied.
For these purposes I employ in combination under the first part of my
Invention (A) a holder or container of any desired shape, which is
suspended from or connected to or near one end of a weighing beam or
weighing deivce. The said apparatus I call the weighing bucket. (B) a
slide or valve at or near the bottom of the said weighing bucket, which
can be withdrawn or opened at will, and the contents allowed to flow
out, and (C) a ring or hoop with hooks, clips, or their equivalents

page_text: thereon or therewith to hold the mouth of the sack or bag open, and
allow the weighed contents of the container to fall quickly into the sack
or bag. The said ring or hoop may be attached to the container, or it
may be held in position so as to properly receive the whole of the
grain or other substance from the weighing bucket into the sack or
bag; or the hooks or clips may be affixed in or to the weighing bucket
itself.
Under the second part of my Invention I employ in combination with
the above first part of my Invention a "paging" disc or other con-
secutive registering apparatus, which I connect to the slide or valve 1
by a link or like means, so that upon withdrawing the slide or operating
the valve the registering apparatus is made to record the operation, and
hence provide a reliable indication of the work performed.
My said combined apparatus can be advantageously used on and with
the apparatus for which Letters Patent were granted to me of date the 1
16th February 1875, No. 559.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND LAMP BOXES FOR TRAM CARS, APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Needham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th July 1875.
I, SAMUEL NEEDHAM, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND LAMP BOXES FOR TRAM CARS, APPLICABLE FOR
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I provide an outer casing of the required shape and size, within
which is an inner casing, so that there is thus a space between the said
inner and outer casing on the upper and lower, and also on the right and
left-hand sides of the box.
The opening at the top allows the air to enter between the two
casings, and thus the needful supply of air is given to the lamp, as
herein-after explained.
To carry off the consumed or vitiated air from the lamp I provide two
tubes, which are attached to the top of the inner casing, and which
pass in a horizontal direction between that and the outer casing, and

page_text: these being united in the centre of the upper casing go through the
before-mentioned opening in a vertical direction.
When the lamp is lighted and closed the heated air ascends through
the before-mentioned tubes, and a fresh supply of air passes down
through the said opening at the top, and thence goes between the two 5
casings and afterwards through the lamp, and thus the whole of the
lamp box being enclosed and being quite air-tight no glass chimney to
the lamp is required.
I construct the said lamp in the usual manner, except that I pass one
or more tubes through that part which contains the oil or spirit 1
employed, and I cause the air to pass through this tube.or through these
tubes, so keeping the oil or spirit employed quite cool.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF RELIEVING THE TRAFFIC OF OVERCROWDED BRIDGES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Baylis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th October 1875.
I, CHARLES BAYLIS, of No. 6, Poultry, in the City of London,
Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MODE OF RELIEVING THE TRAFFIC OF OVERCROWDED BRIDGES," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to relieve the traffic of overcrowded
bridges without interfering with their structure or their approaches,
which interference could only be done by a very heavy outlay of money.
My improved mode of effecting the relief of an overcrowded bridge is
more particularly applicable and advantageous in those cases where
either to widen the bridge itself to the required extent or to widen the
approaches by demolishing a considerable number of houses would
involve a very large outlay of capital, which would be entirely un-
renumerative; as a case in point I would instance London Bridge. To

page_text: From the above description it will be understood that the main feature
of my Invention is the separation of the passenger traffic from the
carriage traffic by constructing separate viaducts for the former. Stair-
cases may be carried down from the passenger viaducts to steamboat
piers or landing stages.
IN. PROVEMENTS IN PUMPS FOR REMOVING BILGE WATER FROM SHIPS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Warren Sly at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th February 1875.
I, GEORGE WARREN SLY, of Tyler Street, Greenwich, in the County
of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IN.
PROVEMENTS IN PUMPS FOR REMOVING BILGE WATER FROM SHIPS AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention has for its object to facilitate the removal of
obstructions from the suction pipes, strainers, and valves of pumps, and
is especially designed to enable ships' pumps to be cleared from the decks
or just below it. For this purpose I provide a conical plug, having
through it a transverse passage or way.
When the plug is in its open
position this passage or way coincides with the suction pipe and pump
barrel. In the transverse passage or way are arranged the suction valve
and its seating. The conical plug is fitted and ground into a shell
having corresponding holes or ways and an air hole, which shell is fitted
and ground into a correspondingly formed suction valve chamber or
barrel. Below this a pipe provided with a stop-cock enters the suction

page_text: pipe from a force pump having an air chamber and pressure gauge. On
turning the plug and shell together in the valve chamber communication
between the suction pipe and pump barrel is closed, whereupon the plug
may be withdrawn for inspection, cleaning, or other purposes without
losing the vacuum or unrigging any other part of the pump; and the
stop-cock may be opened so as to turn the pressure from the force pump
into the suction pipe for clearing it. The gauge will indicate when the
suction pipe is clear.
The strainer of the suction pipe may be washed out by the water in
the pipe without the application of pressure by simply turning the shell
so as to bring its air hole opposite the suction pipe when the plug
is out.
The plug may be held in place by a screwed stud and nut, and is
provided with a lug and ring or other means for enabling it to be
withdrawn from the shell. The shell is also provided with lugs and
rings or other means for enabling it to be readily turned as required.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES, USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by James Sheffield at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1875.
.
I, JAMES SHEFFIELD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of “Im-
PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES, USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention which relates to certain improvements in the arrange-
ment or construction of glass furnaces, has reference to that class of
glass furnaces known as tank furnaces.
According to this Invention the "cupolas" at the ends of such
furnaces consist of a deep chamber so as to contain a deep, or thick
layer of fuel which rests on the fire-bars. At either side of the "cupola,"
and passing underneath the fire-bars, is a tank containing water, which.
is evaporated by what in an ordinary "cupola" would be waste heat, the
steam generated passing or being injected or forced up into the mass of
fuel above.
The gases produced by the combustion of the fuel pass over the bridge
into the tank, and they are met by a current of air (preferably hot air)
at the neck of the bridge opening.

page_text: In order to heat the air tortuous passages are made in the sides of
the "cupola," or it may be heated by means external to the glass
furnace itself..
cave
Another feature of this Invention consists in dividing the tank into
two portions with an air space leading up from the " " between 5
them. Two tanks are thus formed, so that two different kinds of glass
may be simultaneously melted and treated in one furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRAPPLES FOR DREDGERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter James Holroyde at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th February 1875.
I, WALTER JAMES HOLROYDE, late of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, now
residing at Halifax, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRAPPLES FOR
DREDGERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to simplify the construction of that
class of apparatus employed for excavating under water, which consist
of jaws to be opened when lowered to the material to be removed, and
then closed so as to seize the material prior to being raised.
I employ a central shaft or spindle to which are loosely hung two sets
of levers, the lower portion or arms of the levers are bent so as to form
jaws for seizing the earth, stone, or other material to be removed from
the beds of rivers, canals, or docks. To the upper arms of each lever is
jointed a link by a shaft or pin, the upper ends of the links are connected
with each other, and to a "bail" or lifting piece, and the sets of
several such levers are maintained at a proper distance apart by cross

page_text: shaft having sleeves or swells thereon, the links being adjusted relatively
by like means. The lowering and hoisting rope or chain is connected to
a cross link placed on the cross shaft passed through the main levers at
the point where they cross each other. In order to prevent the jaws
coming into actual contact with each other, I employ other links hinged 5
about midway their length, and which hinges and links (when the jaws
of the grapple approach closely together) come back to back together
and prevent the jaws overwrapping or crossing each other.
In connection with this apparatus there are two drums, one for hoisting
and the other for lowering; the hoisting chain or rope being connected
to the "bail" referred to, and the lowering rope or chain is provided
near its termination with a double end for connecting to the two ends of
the cross link referred to. When the lowering rope or chain has sole
control of the apparatus, the hoisting rope is loose, the weight of the
links and arms opening the jaws, but when the apparatus is under
control of the hoisting rope or chain the jaws are closed. If sand, mud,
loose earth, or gravel is to be removed and lifted the jaws are provided
with enclosing plates.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CLEANING BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brower at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th July 1875 -A communication from abroad by Pierre François
Victor Dumont-Catelain, of Paris, France.
I, EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 33, Chancery Lanc, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CLEANING BOOTS AND SHOES," (a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Pierre François Victor Dumont-Catelain, of
Paris, France,) to be as follows :—
Machines constructed according to this Invention are composed of a
frame preferably of the kind used for sewing machines, but they may be
placed on any other suitable table, on the table a revolving wheel or
mandril is mounted, on the shaft of which friction brushes are attached
for removing dirt from boots or shoes, also for polishing purposes.
Motion is communicated by a treadle or by hand wheel as in sewing
machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS AND CORSETS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harris at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
December 1875.
I, HENRY HARRIS, in the Employ of Messrs. Tillie and Henderson,
of Miller Street, Glasgow, and of 19, Silver Street, in the City of
London, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS AND CORSETS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to improvements in stays and corsets, the
object being, firstly, that the lower portion of the article shall
accommodate itself to the size and contour of the human figure at the
hips without being distorted and without causing pain, also that the
lower part shall be capable of yielding to fit in a better manner than
stays and corsets as now made without creasing.
The object is, secondly, to give additional strength at the middle of
the back of the stay or corset, whereby the wearer can obtain the
necessary support.
The first part of my Invention consists in sewing or otherwise

page_text: elastic webbing in the hip portions of stays and corsets, the elastic
webbing being so arranged that while it affords support and fits narrow
hips, it is also capable of stretching without producing undue pressure
to fit wide hips, and without regard to the waist measurement of the
wearer.
The second part of my Invention consists in securing an additional
busk of suitable width at the back centre of stays and corsets, either
inside or outside of one of the meeting edges to more or less overlap the
seam, and give greater rigidity than can be had from the two ordinary
busks at that part, and consequently the necessary support to the back
of the wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF EMBROIDERY BY MACHINERY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Steiger at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1875. A communication from abroad by Schirmer und Blau, of
Berlin, North Germany.
I, JACOB STEIGER, of Herisau, Switzerland, but temporarily of Bread
Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF EMBROIDERY BY
MACHINERY," to be as follows :-
produce by means of embroidery
To this end instead of feeding the
position of the needle hook as at
The object of this Invention is to
machines the terry loop upon fabrics.
fabric in a direction opposed to the
present (which is requisite to produce the chain stitch), the relative
direction of the feed is reversed. The effect of this change is to cause
the loop that has been brought up through the cloth by the needle, to
slip off its hook as the feed takes place, and thus instead of being drawn
to tension and forming thereby an interlocking chain stitch, a terry loop
will stand up from the face of the fabric. By this means a terry frilling
for flowers and leaves may be readily produced, and this terry work may

page_text: be combined with the ordinary chain stitch embroidery on restoring the
machine to its original adjustment.
In embroidery machines to which this Invention more particularly
applies the needle and looper are so connected as to ensure a simul-
taneous axial motion for both instruments, it will only therefore be
necessary in order to determine the position of the hook of the needle
relatively to the direction of the feed to adjust the needle spindle or the
looper spindle in its bearings by means of, say, a spring lever or
equivalent contrivance, and the other instrument will follow the
movements.
Instead of shifting the axial position of the needle and looper the
direction of the feed may be changed by traversing the action of the
mechanism that operates the feeding instrument, and the desired result
will thereby be attained.
THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW INK, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR DYEING, COLOURING, AND OTHER PUR- POSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horace Mountford Wilkinson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th December 1875.-A communication from abroad by
Camille Joly, of Rue d'Anderlecht, No. 3, Brussels.
I, HORACE MOUNTFORD WILKINSON, of 2, Place des Barricades, in the
City of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, at present residing at
No. 5, Charlotte Street, Portland Place, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE
OF A NEW INK, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR DYEING, COLOURING, AND OTHER PUR-
POSES," a communication to me from abroad by Camille Joly, of Rue
d'Anderlecht, No. 3, Brussels, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of acid'tungstic, either free.
or in a state of combination, as a new dyeing agent acting upon such
colouring matters as logwood, sambucus, or myrtle berries, red cabbage,
and the like. When used as such it will be found to be a fine violet
black ink, and will in no way corrode or act on the metal of steel or
other metallic pens, no matter how long it may have been left in the
ink, and the pen will always be found free from any incrustation. It
has also a further advantage of not forming any sediment in the vessel

page_text: in which it is contained, and if left exposed to the action of the atmo-
sphere it neither thickens nor forms mildew as is generally the case in
manufactured inks, but retains its clearness, and flows freely from the
pen, and contrary to most inks blackens with age.
The following is the method of manufacturing my ink or dye :-Take
eighteen gallons of water and add thereto eighteen pounds of logwood,
and allow it to boil until reduced to about thirteen gallons, then add
three hundred grains of acid tungstic, either free or in a state of com-
bination, and after well mixing add four hundred grains of acetic acid,
allow the liquor to become cool, and when strained it is ready for use for
either of the above-mentioned purposes except when wanted in a solid
form which can be obtained by vaporation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-LIGHTERS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Sawyer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the 8th May
1875.
I, JOSEPH SAWYER, of Alma Street, New North Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-LIGHTERS AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say:―
This Invention consists in an improved construction of and igniting
composition for fire-lighters, and in an improved mould or frame for
manufacturing the same, by which means I effect a considerable saving
of material, and reduce the cost of manufacture of fire-lighters.
To make the improved fire-lighters I take a piece or pieces of wood
cut by a circular saw to the size of three to six, eight or ten inches
broad, four and a half inches long, and about one inch, one and a quarter
to one and a half inches thick. I then groove these pieces of wood
transversely on the flat surface with three grooves about three-eighths of
an inch wide and quarter inch deep at equal distances apart, by means
of a grooving apparatus herein-after described; these grooved pieces of

page_text: wood are then cut into pieces through the one and a quarter inch way
of the wood of about three-eighths of an inch in thickness to correspond
with the size of the said grooves.
The grooves are cut by means of two or more circular steel plates
from eight to ten inches in diameter, fitted and screwed together so as to
make up a thickness of three-eighths of an inch, this being the size of
the grooves required; these steel plates are fixed on a spindle either in a
vertical or a horizontal position, and have their cutting parts formed on
the outside diameter or circumference of the saw plates, which are
tempered to the usual degree of saw blades, and are driven at a speed of
five hundred or more revolutions per minute.
The mould or frame I employ for forming the said fire-lighters is
made of cast-iron or other suitable metal, having apertures formed
therein to the exact shape and size of the lighter required; three pieces
of wood grooved as before described are laid in the mould with their
grooves upwards, and three other pieces with their grooves downwards,
so that the grooves of each piece of wood correspond and fit into one
another, and by means of pressure these pieces of wood are locked
together firmly; the centre piece of wood has a piece of bass or paper
applied to it for lighting it. The lighter is then ready for dipping in the
herein-after described igniting solution. I form this igniting solution
of brown or white gum, dark or white rosin, palm pitch, green grease,
and oil, the materials to be used in such proportions as will facilitate
their blending together and forming a mass by being subjected to a
temperature of about 212° Fahrenheit; the fire-lighter is then placed or
dipped in the said solution, which imparts to it a varnish-like appearance
and will adhere to the wood lighter with great tenacity, so as not easily
to be displaced by carriage or packing.
AN IMPROVED SASH FASTENER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wilton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on 'the 23rd
June 1875.
"
I, THOMAS WILTON, of Brandon, in the County of Suffolk, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SASH FASTENER,"
to be as follows:-
1
My Invention relates to an improved window sash fastener, and it
consists in a bolt fitted to slide through the front meeting bar into a
corresponding socket in the back meeting bar, the said bolt being locked
in position by a weighted or spring latch plate pivoted on the front
meeting bar, and taking into one of two notches in the bolt, so that it is
impossible to shift the bolt from the outside. These notches are at a
suitable distance apart, and may be on opposite sides of the bolt, which
would be provided with a pointer to indicate the position of the notches.
The latch plate is pivoted at one end and rests on the bolt (or it may
have a hole of suitable size for the bolt to pass through), so as to readily
drop into the notches. By turning the bolt half round the latch plate is
lifted out of the notch, and the bolt may then bo moved in or out, as the
case may be.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EMERY AND OTHER WHEELS USED FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREWITH
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cowdery Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th January 1875.
I, JOHN COWDERY MARTIN, of 5, Upper Hill Street, Richmond, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EMERY AND OTHER WHEELS USED
FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in agglutinating together the particles
of emery or other similar material used in the formation of grinding or
polishing wheels, by means of a composition consisting of glue in which
is melted or dissolved a small quantity of the shreds or cuttings of
leather.
The second part of my Invention relates to a method of rendering
wheels, compounded as above described, perfectly safe and quite free
from any liability to burst or fly to pieces when driven at a high rate of
speed. This part of my Invention is also applicable to all descriptions of
wheels formed of grinding or polishing materials, whatever may be the

page_text: nature of the adhesive substance with which these are agglutinated
together, and it is also applicable to wheels formed of stone or other
natural substance used for grinding or polishing. I apply this part of
my Invention to the various descriptions of wheels by making them
thicker towards the centre than they aro at the periphery or grinding
edge, that is, supposing the grinding edge of the wheel to be three inches
thick the thickness at the central hole might be four or five inches,
which would give a large projection on each side the wheel, extending
over the whole surface of the side. Metal flanges or plates hollowed out
to receive these projections are placed one on each side the wheel, nearly
covering it, and reaching to within an inch or thereabout of the outer
edge of the wheel. These plates are firmly secured against the wheel,
and between them it is securely held. Should now from any cause a
rupture take place in the wheel, it would be impossible for the severed
parts to fly asunder, as the thick part of the wheel towards the centre
could not pass through the narrower opening between the plates towards
the periphery of the wheel. I also, to prevent the adherence of particles
of metal cause a brush or other roller to revolve against the wheel
in the same direction, but at a greater speed than the surface is
moving.