IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE COMPRESSION IN MOULDS OR FORMS OF SUBSTANCES TO BE USED AS FUEL AND FOR THE DELIVERY OF SUCH SUBSTANCES AFTER COMPRESSION WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN MOULDING OR GIVING FORM TO OTHER SUBSTANCES.
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward William Harding of No. 17 Thornhill Terrace
Bishop Wearmouth Sunderland in the County of Durham and William
Watkins of No. 16 Ford Street Hendon Sunderland aforesaid, for an
invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE COMPRESSION
IN MOULDS OR FORMS OF SUBSTANCES TO BE USED AS FUEL AND FOR THE
DELIVERY OF SUCH SUBSTANCES AFTER COMPRESSION WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN MOULDING OR GIVING FORM TO OTHER SUBSTANCES.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward William Harding
& William Watkins at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
16th March 1882.
EDWARD WILLIAM HARDING of No. 17 Thornhill Terrace Bishop Wearmouth
Sunderland in the County of Durham and WILLIAM WATKINS of No. 16 Ford Street
Hendon Sunderland, aforesaid, "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING
THE COMPRESSION IN MOULDS OR FORMS, OF SUBSTANCES TO BE USED AS FUEL,
AND FOR THE DELIVERY OF SUCH SUBSTANCES AFTER COMPRESSION WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN MOULDING OR GIVING FORM TO OTHER
SUBSTANCES."
In carrying our improvements into effect we employ a revolving table capable
of revolving by a step by step motion in suitable framing.
This table is provided with moulds of the forms for the time desired to be
produced. The matters to be compressed are fed to these moulds at one or more
points in the rotation of the table by means of suitable hoppers, and when, as in
the moulding of substances for fuel, a combination of two or more materials is
employed we apply revolving stirrers or mixers, within these hoppers to aid in
effecting the thorough mixture of such substances, we also generally employ steam
to act on the substances being mixed, during such mixing.

page_text: The table is then caused to make a partial rotation to bring the mould or moulds
just fed in position to be acted upon by a ram or rams to effect the desired com-
pression, and when the compression has been effected and the ram or rams have
been withdrawn from the mould or moulds, a further partial rotation is given to
the table to bring the mould or moulds with compressed material therein, into
position to be operated upon each by another ram which in this case has motion
given to it to force the formed material through the mould on to a travelling belt
acting as a table to conduct the formed or moulded substances for delivery. Motion
is given to the table by eccentric or other suitable motion, connecting rod and a
driver acting with suitable teeth on parts of the table or otherwise.
Motion is given to the stirrers by bands from suitable pulleys and to the
rams by eccentrics or cams in form adapted to the distance of their respective
traverse.
We generally arrange the parts so that the production of two forms may be
simultaneously effected, but we do not confine ourselves thereto, or to the precise
arrangements of parts indicated. In some cases owing to accumulation of dirt or
otherwise the driving means to the revolving table is liable to fail in bringing the
moulds properly under the respective rams when fracture of some of the parts is
liable to arise. To prevent which we apply governing or controlling means by
which, when any such irregularity of the movements of any of the parts takes
place the movement of the rams is immediately arrested by the throwing out of
gear of the driving means to them.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edward William Harding & William Watkins in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 15th September 1882.
EDWARD WILLIAM HARDING of No. 17 Thornhill Terrace Bishop Wearmouth
Sunderland in the County of Durham, and WILLIAM WATKINS of No. 16 Ford
Street Hendon Sunderland aforesaid "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING
THE COMPRESSION IN MOULDS OR FORMS OF SUBSTANCES TO BE USED AS FUEL,
AND FOR THE DELIVERY OF SUCH SUBSTANCES AFTER COMPRESSION, WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN MOULDING OR GIVING FORM TO OTHER
SUBSTANCES
"
In carrying our improvements into effect we employ a revolving table capable of
revolving by a step by step motion in suitable framing.
This table is provided with moulds of the forms for the time desired to be
produced. The matters to be compressed are fed to these moulds at one or more
points in the rotation of the table by means of suitable hoppers, and when, as in
the moulding of substances for fuel, a combination of two or more materials is
employed, we apply revolving stirrers or mixers, within these hoppers, to aid in
effecting the thorough mixture of such substances, we also generally employ steam
to act on the substances being mixed during such mixing.
The table is then caused to make a partial rotation to bring the mould or moulds
just fed, in position to be acted upon by a ram or rams to effect the desired
compression, and when the compression has been effected, and the ram or rams
have been withdrawn from the mould or moulds a further partial rotation is given
to the table to bring the mould or moulds with compressed material therein into
position to be operated upon each by another ram which in this case has motion
given to it to force the formed material through the mould on to a travelling belt
acting as a means to conduct the formed or moulded substances for delivery.
Motion is given to the table by cam or other suitable motion, connecting rod and
a driver acting with suitable teeth on parts of the table or otherwise.
Motion is given to the stirrers by bands from suitable pulleys, and to the
rams by eccentrics or cams or other suitable motion in form adapted to the distance
of their respective traverse.
We generally arrange the parts so that the production of two forms may be
simultaneously effected, but we do not confine ourselves thereto, or to the precise
arrangements of parts indicated. In some cases owing to accumulation of dirt or
otherwise the driving means to the revolving table is liable to fail in bringing the
moulds properly under the respective rams, when fracture of some of the parts is
liable to arise. To prevent which we apply governing or controlling means by
which, when any such irregularity of the movements of any of the parts takes
place the movement of the rams is immediately arrested by the throwing out of
gear, of the driving means to them.
But that the invention may be the more fully understood we will by the aid of
the accompanying drawings, procced to describe means pursued by us in carrying
the same into effect.

page_text: In each of the figures the same letters indicate corresponding parts wherever
they occur. A is the bed plate of the apparatus, D D, are standards therefrom,
B is the revolving table which is supported with capability of revolving freely on
the bed plate A and is guided thereon by the guide plates or rims C. C. In this
table B are formed twelve, or it may be other number of moulds B¹ for giving the
desired form to the material to be operated upon
The material to have form giving to it is supplied to these moulds from a hopper
or hoppers such as is shown by Figure 5 or by other suitable means.
On the underside of the table B is formed or applied the ratchet teeth J which
for the purpose of effecting a step by step rotary motion to the table B are taken
into by the driver J¹ which is carried and actuated by the bar M and this bar M is
supported and guided with capability of endway motion in brackets A' carried by
the bed plate A. The desired endway motion is given to the bar M by means of
the cam H affixed on the main shaft or axis E acting on the roller K' carried by
the rod K, an extension K3 of this rod K is connected to so as to actuate the
arm L' from the axis L. This axis L is supported to rock in stationary brackets A³
carried by the bedplate A and it has also applied to it the arm L² which by pin
joint is connected to one end of the connecting rod N, the other end of which is
connected to for actuating the bar M. By these means the desired step by step
rotary motion is imparted to the revolving table B for the filling and the delivery
of the respective moulds B¹.
As the respective moulds B¹ are supplied with fresh material to be moulded, the
material in the moulds is acted upon for its compression by rams F and two of
these rams F are affixed with capability of adjustment to a guide block or cross
piece F¹ and thence the guide block or cross piece F¹ is connected to and operated
by a connecting rod F2 operated by an eccentric or it may be by other suitable
motion applied on the shaft E.
The other rams F are applied to and operated direct by the connecting rods FS
which are also operated by eccentrics or they may be operated by other suitable
motion applied on the main shaft E. G. G. are guides which with the sides of
the standards D serve to guide the rams F in their correct vertical motion.
OO are safety levers with weights O¹ O¹ which may be varied as desired. These
levers rest on the bearings of the main axis E carried by the standards D and they
are provided for the purpose of allowing the main axle to be lifted and thereby
avoid breakage of parts in the event of any undue obstruction in working.
The material to have form given to it is supplied through the funnel or mouth
piece U¹ (Figure 5) of the hopper U of which there may be two one at each
opposite side of the apparatus or other number as may be desired, and the passage
of the material to be moulded from the hopper U is facilitated by means of a
shaft U with blades U³ which shaft U is supported to revolve in bearings U' and
it has applied to it the pulley wheel U³ to receive a strap or band by which rotary
motion is given to the shaft as desired.
P represents an endless belt carried by drums P¹ on the axis of one of which is
applied the pulley wheel P' by which rotary motion is given to that drum P¹ and
progressive motion to the belt P the object of which is to receive the moulded
forms as they are pushed through from the moulds B¹.
On the main shaft E is applied the tooth wheel S the teeth of which are taken
into by the teeth of the pinion R affixed on the shaft Q which is supported to
revolve in bearings carried by the brackets As, and upon the shaft or axis Q is
also affixed the fly wheel T which may be operated to work the machine by the
handle T or by a drum or pulley affixed to the shaft or axis Q and operated by a
steam engine or other suitable power.
The means for driving the shaft E may be varied.
By these means simplicity of construction is obtained, the wearing parts or
surfaces are to a very great extent reduced, and the governing gear in the event of
obstruction easily liberates the shaft or driving means, by which fractures or break
downs of a serious nature are prevented.

page_text: For fuel making the machine will be found much cheaper to work than other
machines, and as the small coal or breeze or other substances can be compressed at
a very high temperature a much less per centage of pitch or other adhesive matter
will be required.
When the machine is required, or used, for other purposes than fuel making
great advantages will be derived.
The rams may be constructed in one or more parts and of varied shape without
interfering with the cam, eccentric, or crank action.
The hoppers or feeders may be placed where found most suitable to the efficient
and economical working of the machine.
When the apparatus is intended for use in the manufacture of fuel, the coal or
other substances should, simultaneously with pitch or other adhesive matter be
conveyed to the hoppers or mixers through an aperture at the top of the hoppers
or mixers steam being admitted at a very high temperature at the bottom of the
hoppers or mixers.
Whilst the mixture of coal and pitch or other mixed material is passing through
the hoppers or mixers we prefer that it should become thoroughly heated to a very
high temperature and it is thence delivered direct into the moulds or forms and by
the step rotation of the table the moulds or forms charged, come under the rams
and are then compressed against a block placed on the underside of the table to
resist the pressure where the rams press downwards, after which by a further
rotation of the table of the press, the substances so formed or pressed come under
other rams and are forced through the table where no resistance is met with on the
underside and delivered easily on to the travelling belt and the product so
compressed may be conveyed to any reasonable distance according to the length of
belt employed.
When the apparatus is employed for brick-making, peat pressing or for other
purposes of compressing, materials or substances, we would apply a trough or other
suitable feeder, as in most such cases no steam or other heating agent would be
required.
We would state we prefer that the moulds or forms employed be slightly
contracted on their underside so as to facilitate a more regular compression of the
substances acted upon.
Having thus described our Invention and means which we adopt in carrying our
invention into effect we would have it understood that What we claim is the
arranging or combining parts forming apparatus for effecting the compression, in
moulds or forms of substances to be used as fuel and for the delivery of such
substances after compression and the application of such apparatus to moulding or
giving form to other substances substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said Edward William Harding have hereunto set
my hand and seal this twelfth day of September One thousand eight
hundred and eighty-two.