Method and Apparatus for Treating Mash in Brewing for Obtaining the Wort therefrom.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 30th July, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 28th May, 1896-Accepted, 4th July, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Method and Apparatus for Treating Mash in Brewing for Obtaining
the Wort therefrom.
I, VALENTIN LAPP, of Leipzig-Lindenan, Germany, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
It has not been possible hitherto in brewing processes to obtain the wort
produced by the malting process of good quality and clear from the spent grain
in a short time, because the spent grain has always been introduced into the filters
together with the malt.
According to my present invention the above defect is obviated by effecting
the separation of the spent grain from the wort before filtering the latter, and
I effect these separate operations in such manner as to produce the wort
continuously.
The essential feature of the invention consists in separating the wort from the
grain in a sifting apparatus without in the first instance using washing water.
"1
The grain remaining in the sifting apparatus is then led continuously over the
sieve surface and is at the same time subject to the action of water jets,
hereby it is continuously washed out with fresh water while the wort also
flows continuously from the same. By this means the result is obtained that the
practical yield of wort is nearly equal to the quantity that should be obtained
according to theory.
The apparatus which I employ for carrying out this method of operating is
constructed as follows.
A cylindrical casing, divided longitudinally into two halves secured together
by flanges, has at the lower half a heating device, such as a steam or hot water
jacket. Within the casing is a rotating perforated cylinder, also preferably divided
longitudinally into two halves to facilitate cleansing, into which the mash, after
completion of the mashing process, is introduced through a pipe at one end. The
other end of the cylinder is formed conical and is provided with a slide; through
it the perfectly washed spent grain is forced out.
Centrally within the perforated cylinder is a hollow axis, having perforations
on the part extending froin the coned end of the cylinder to about two thirds of
the length thereof, so that the spent grain is subject to the action of water jets
at 60° C. issuing through the perforations of the axis from a point at about
one third the distance from the inlet end of the cylinder, to the outlet end. The
perforated axis has fixed to it helical blades and radially arranged blades or bars
so that on the rotation of the axis the screw blades convey the grain from
the inlet to the outlet end while the radial blades or bars stir it up as it
travels along.
The rotation of the perforated cylinder and of the perforated axis and its
blades and stirrers is effected preferably by two sets of stepped pulleys for enabling
them to be rotated in contrary directions at varying speeds. The perforated axis
is closed at its one end by a screwed cap, on the removal of which the interior can
be cleansed.
The mash coming from the mash tun being introduced into the inlet end of the
perforated cylinder, the wort escapes through the perforations thereof into the

page_text: surrounding casing while the mash travels along the first part of the cylinder where
the axis is not perforated.
From the casing the wort is led off through a discharge pipe.
The spent grain remaining in the cylinder, in being conveyed along by the screw
blades and stirred up by the stirrers, is subject to the action of comparatively
small quantities of washing water issuing from the perforated axis so as to be
gradually more and more washed out thereby, as the water acts progressively on
grain which becomes gradually poorer in wort. The water containing the
remainder of the wort flows off through the same discharge pipe that leads off
the wort.
On the grain passing into the coned end of the cylinder, the remaining water is
pressed out of it and drains back into the other part of the cylinder, the discharge
of the grain being regulated by the slide valve so as to obtain any desired degree of
compression of the grain by the action of the screw blades.
During the above operation the casing is heated so as to prevent the cooling of
the wort.
One or more perforated tubes may be inserted into the perforated cylinder near
the inner surface thereof, for sprinkling water over the cylinder so as to wash down
the grain carried up, and to keep the perforations clear, the tube or tubes being
fixed to the perforated cylinder and communicating at the one end with an annular
channel in the casing which is supplied with water.
These perforated tubes may be connected to the hollow axis and supplied
therefrom with water for sprinkling. Also the blades, mounted upon the
axis, may be hollow and perforated and also supplied with water for sprinkling
from the hollow axis, so that a larger quantity of water can be sprinkled on
the grain.
Dated this 30th day of July 1895.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Method and Apparatus for Treating Mash in Brewing for Obtaining
the Wort therefrom.
1, VALENTIN LAPP, of Leipzig-Lindenau, Germany, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
It has not been possible hitherto in brewing to separate the beer worts,
produced by the mashing process, completely and rapidly from the grains
and to obtain a pure and clear wort, because the grains were always brought
together with the worts into the filter presses where the worts were expressed.
Now according to the present invention the worts are obtained in a perfect
manner by first completely separating the grains from the worts and then filtering
the latter by themselves.
This mode of obtaining the worts is effected in a continuous operation.
The process is carried out in the following manner:-
First the worts, without any addition of water, are separated from the grains in
a straining apparatus. The grains left behind in the straining apparatus are then
moved along the straining surface and are at the same time subjected to the
action of jets of water. This water is supplied in such a manner that the grains
which are being moved slowly along the straining surface are being continually
sprayed over again and washed by fresh water the water then flowing off with the
levigated worts.

page_text: In this manner there is obtained a result which yields the utmost maximum that
is practically possible.
The apparatus employed in this process is shewn on the accompanying drawing
in which Fig. 1 shews a longitudinal section and Fig. 2 a cross section. The apparatus
is usually arranged between the mash tun and the filtering apparatus.
The apparatus comprises a fixed casing a composed of two parts bolted together,
and the lower half of which is provided with a heating device, for example with a
steam jacket b which encloses about half of the casing and is adapted to be heated
by steam or hot water.
Arranged in the casing a and so as to be capable of rotating therewith is a
perforated cylinder e which is also made in two parts for facilitating the cleaning
thereof, and into one end of which the mash is supplied by a pipe d after
the mashing process is completed. The other end e of the perforated cylinder
is made of conical shape and is provided with a sluice or sliding valve f. At this end
the grains are ejected when completely washed or lixiviated.
Inside the perforated cylinder c there is arranged a rotary shaft g which is
perforated from a point at about one-third of its length from the inlet side of the
mash, up to the conical end e, for the purpose of supplying water of about
60° Celsius in the direction of the arrow I for about two-thirds of the length of
the perforated cylinder for washing the grains.
The shaft is fitted with a helical conveyor or worm consisting of helical blades h
for conveying the grains in the longitudinal direction of the perforated cylinder,
and with radially arranged knives or bars i for continually loosening the grains.
The perforated cylinder c and the hollow shaft g are driven preferably by means of
stepped belt pulleys k and l, so that these two parts may be caused to revolve at
various speeds according to requirement.
The cylinder and the shaft are caused to revolve in opposite directions.
The perforated shaft is provided at its end with a readily removeable screw
cap on the removal of which the hollow shaft may be readily cleaned from the
inside.
This separating apparatus operates as follows:-As the mash, being conveyed
to the apparatus after the completion of the mashing process, travels along the
non-perforated portion of the hollow shaft, the worts are separated from the grains
by simply draining off, the worts flowing away through the strainer holes of the
cylinder c into the lower space of the casing a, whence the worts are discharged
through the pipe n.
The grains that are being propelled along by the blades h and are during this
time being loosened by the knives i, are now washed more and more in compara-
tively small quantities by the water which is supplied by means of the hollow
shaft. In this operation the water always meets grains that have a decreasing
quantity of worts and thus frees the grains completely from the worts.
water which in this manner carries away all the worts with it, flows also through
the strainer holes of the cylinder and away through the discharge union n.
The
On the entrance of the grains in the conical portion e of the perforated cylinder,
the water that is still adhering to the grains, is caused by the conical shape of the
part e to flow back into the cylinder, or through the strainer holes of this part, and
into the casing a. The exit of the grains may be controlled by adjusting the
sliding valve that is to say, it may be more or less diminished or retarded,
in such a manner that on being pressed out by the pressure of the worm conveyor h,
the very last remnants of wort-containing water are obtained and led back into
the casing a.
During the whole of this process the casing is heated in order to obviate cooling
of the worts.
Inside the perforated cylinder e a second perforated pipe o may le provided near
the jacket, for the purpose of spraying water upon the outwardly propelled grains
and of keeping the strainer holes of the cylinder c clean.
This pipe may be fixed to the cylinder shell, and receive its spraying water in all

page_text: positions from a circular channel in the conical portion of the casing a to which
the water is supplied by means of a pipe q.
The perforated pipe o may also be fixed to the shaft g as indicated in Fig. 3, and
it may receive its spraying water from the interior of the hollow shaft 9.
Also the blades h (as indicated in Fig. 3) may be made hollow and be perforated,
and receive spraying water from the interior of the hollow shaft, in order to enable
as laige a quantity as possible of water to be sprayed in all parts of the apparatus
for the purpose of washing the grains.
This process has also the advantage of enabling the malt to be mashed in a very
minute state of subdivision, which subdivision may be effected if desired also in a
wet state.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Process for the production of beer worts in continuous operation, wherein the
worts are first strained off from the grains in a straining apparatus, after which
the residual grains are continuously moved along over strainer surfaces and are
continually being stirred or loosened, and are at the same time washed by jets of
water, the water together with the levigated worts flowing off through the strainer
holes, so that the washing process is continually being repeated, until finally the
completely washed grains are pressed out of the straining apparatus, substantially
as described.
2. An apparatus for carrying out the process set forth in the first claim
consisting of a rotary perforated cylinder c in combination with a worm conveyor h
arranged in the said cylinder but capable of independent rotation and a hollow
shaft g extending along the cylinder e and provided with spraying holes for the
purpose of supplying water, which holes commence only at that part of the apparatus
where the worts have already been mainly drained off from the charge of mash
through the strainer cylinder c substantially as described.
3. In combination with the worts separating apparatus set forth in the second
claim, a perforated spraying pipe o arranged at the periphery of the perforated
cylinder c and hollow perforated blades for the purpose of spraying water upon
the outwardly propelled grains and into the centre of the cylinder c substantially
as described.
Dated this 28th day of May 1896.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.