Year: 1896

page_text: I, CHARLES M. JOHNSON of Broad Street House, New Broad Street in the City of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to motor carriages propelled by petroleum or other
explosive material or gas.
The motor carriage is preferably driven by two or four petroleum motors which
are so arranged on the framing of the carriage that both motors receive an impulse
at every revolution of the motor crank shaft if there be two motors, or if there be
four motors the crank shaft receives two impulses during each revolution. The
two motors are preferably arranged to work a double throw crank so that both
pistons receive their impulse simultaneously thus the shock or vibration usually
caused in a single acting motor will be more or less obviated as the thrust will
be on both sides of the crank shaft at the sante time. If there be four cylinders,
each connecting rod is connected to the two throw crank shaft in such manner
that while one piston on the one side of the crank shaft is being propelled by the
explosion of the charge, the other piston on the other side of the crank shaft is
compressing, the shock being taken up by the crank-shaft as before described,
and the other piston on the one side of the crank shaft is compressing while the
other piston on the other side of the crank shaft is being propelled by its charge
and so on.
The axle or shaft of the driving wheels has mounted thereon two friction
clutches, one for each wheel, and in order that the driving wheels may not skid
when running round curves owing to one revolving more quickly than another
each of these clutches is connected by chains or their equivalents to the axle of
the guiding wheels or to the fore carriage, in such manner that as one chain is
drawn taut by the rotation of the fore carriage on its axis or pivot the clutch
connected to same is released and that driving wheel is consequently free to
revolve apart from the motor.
Attached to each driving wheel is a pulley or chain wheel driven by means
of a belt, chain or the like from the crank shaft of the motor and one of these
belts or chains is crossed so that the carriage can either go forward or backwards
as desired it being understood that connection is made with the crank shaft
by means of friction clutches and a connecting rod in such manner that either
of the clutches may be in gear or not as desired, but that both cannot be in gear
at the same time. The clutches are operated by a connecting rod and a lever
mounted on the frame at a suitable place for the convenience of the driver.
In order to permit of the carriage running at a reduced speed there is another
pulley or chain wheel on the crank shaft of the motor which is put in and out
of gear by means of a friction clutch operated by means of levers and a con-
necting rod mounted in such manner as to be convenient for the driver. The
pulley or chain wheel drives a countershaft from which motion is transmitted
to a third pulley or chain wheel on the driving wheels' shaft, the diameter of
the intermediate wheels being so arranged as to drive the vehicle at a slow speed.

page_text: In order to make the motor carriage applicable for use with carriages of
ordinary construction the driving wheels may be dispensed with and the frame
attached or coupled to the axle leading wheels in the case of a four wheeled
carriage or to the single axle in the case of a two wheeled carriage but in that
case the three chain wheels or pulleys which were previously described as being
on the driving wheels' axle of the independent motor carriage will in this case
be mounted on the front wheels of the ordinary road carriage.
Under some circumstances it is advisable to have the motor on the road
carriage itself and in that case, the motion from the motor to the pulley or
chain wheel shaft is communicated by means of a shaft with a joint fashioned
to allow of the distance between the motor and the chain wheel shaft to vary
without bending the shaft or causing it to jamb. This I effect by halving or
breaking the shaft from the motor to the chain wheel shaft and connecting these
halves by means of a bent spring or by pivotted links so as to allow of the motion
of the carriage springs in all directions."
Dated this Thirtieth day of Sentember 1896
JENSEN & SON,
77 Chancery Lane London W.C., Patent Agents.
Improvements in and connected with Motor Carriages.
I, CHARLES M. JOHNSON formerly of Broad Street House, New Broad Street in
the City of London but now of 22 and 23 Lawrence Pountney Lane in the City
aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to motor vehicles and to motors actuated by petroleum
or other explosive material or gas.
Figure 1 of the accompanying sheet of drawings represents in part sectional
plan a motor vehicle having a two-cylinder engine constructed according to
my invention.
Figure 2 is a similar view of a motor carriage with a modified form of engine.
Figure 3 is also a part sectional plan of a motor vehicle with a four-cylinder
engine.
Figure 4 is a detail view to an enlarged scale shewing an arrangement to
prevent driving wheels skidding when the vehicle describes a curve in its travel.
Figure 5 is a detail view partly in section shewing a friction clutch.
Figure 6 represents the application of a motor carriage to an ordinary road
vehicle.
Figure 7 shews an improved method of transmitting power from a motor on
a vehicle to the driving wheels.
Figures 8 and 9 represent modified constructions for similarly transmitting
power.
The motor carriage shown on Figure 1 is provided with one or as shewn with
two guiding or steering wheels A and with two driving wheels B of any suitable
construction. The motor carriage is driven by two petroleum motors C and D
which are so arranged on the framing E of the carriage that both motors receive
a simultaneous impulse at every revolution or at every other revolution, as the
case may be, of the motor crank shaft. The two motors are preferably arranged to
work a double throw crank shaft F so that both pistons receive their impulse simul-
taneously, thus the shock or vibration usually caused in a single acting motor

page_text: will be more or less obviated as the thrust will be on both sides of the crank
shaft F at the same time.
S is a firing pipe which connects both the cylinders C for simultaneous electric.
or other ignition of the explosive charges hy an igniting device situated about
midway in the pipe.
Figure 2 represents a motor carriage driven by two petroleum motors in which
the cylinders C D are placed and bolted together end to end with a single
cylinder end or cover G in between. I have however ascertained that this
cylinder end or cover is unnecessary and further if it be dispensed with one
igniting device is sufficient to fire the charge in both cylinders. The piston H
of the cylinder D is connected to the middle crank of the three throw crank
shaft F by means of a connecting rod in the usual manner and the piston I is
provided with a piston rod or extension K carrying a cross head L. This cross
head L is connected to the two outside cranks of the crank shaft F by means of
connecting rods M. The two pistons consequently receive their impulse simul-
taneously and thus the shock or vibration usually caused in a single acting motor
will be more or less obviated as the thrust will be on both sides of the crank
shaft at the same time.
If there be four cylinders as shewn in Figure 3, each connecting rod, (of
which there are four, namely M1, M2, M3, and M) is connected to the two throw
crank shaft in such manner that while, for instance, the piston in the cylinder C
is being propelled by the explosion of the charge, the piston in the cylinder D
is compressing, and the piston in the cylinder C is compressing while the piston
in the cylinder D is being propelled by its charge and so on, the shock being
taken up by the crank shaft F as before described. In constructing motors of
this kind it is evident that the crank shaft and parts connected thereto must be
made stouter or stronger than is usually the case in order to prevent breakages.
The axle or shaft N (Figure 1) of the driving wheels has mounted thereon
two clutches N, Na, one for each wheel B and in order that the said driving
wheels may not skid when running round curves owing to one revolving more
quickly than another each of these clutches is connected by chains N N³ or
their equivalents to the axle A' of the guiding wheels or to the fore-carriage
and these chains N N are suitably guided over loose pulleys N N (see also
the detail view Figure 4), in such manner that as one chain is drawn taut by
the rotation of the fore-carriage on its axis or pivot the clutch connected to same
is released and that driving wheel is consequently free to revolve apart from
the motor. The spring N5 (of which there are two) serve to cause the clutch
to lock again as soon as the front wheel axle assumes its normal position.
Attached to one of the driving wheels B is a pulley or chain wheel B driven
by means of a belt chain or the like B2 from a similar wheel B loosely mounted
on the crank shaft F of the motor. This gearing is intended for going forward
and it is caused to be put in motion by means of a friction clutch B having
feather and feather way (see also detail view Figure 5) which is caused to engage
with the sprocket wheel B by means of a forked lever B having its fulcrum
on the frame E. This lever B³ is provided with a connecting rod 13 the other
end of which is connected to another forked lever 1 also having its fulcrum
on the frame E. The forked end of the lever B8 takes into an annular groove
in a clutch B and this clutch is similarly made to the one already described and
shewn more particularly in Figure 5 and it engages with a pulley B having for
instance à crossed belt B" which runs over the pulley B12. The connecting
rod B is of such a length that either of the clutches B or B may be in gear
or not as desired but that both. cannot be in gear at the same time. Both clutches
are operated by means of a bell crank lever 1313 having its fulcrum on the frame E
and it is connected to a suitable lever (not shewn) mounted on the frame at a
place convenient for the driver by means of a connecting rod or the like B".
In order to permit of the carriage running at a reduced speed, there is another
pulley or chain wheel O on the crank shaft F of the motor which is put in and

page_text: The
out of gear by means of a friction clutch O', operated by means of a forked bell
crank lever 02, a connecting rod 03 and a suitable hand lever (not shewn)
mounted on the frame in such manner as to be convenient for the driver.
pulley or sprocket wheel O drives a countershaft 0 by means of a chain and
sprocket wheel 05 from which shaft 0 motion is transmitted by sprocket
wheel O and a chain to a third sprocket wheel 07 on the driving wheels' shaft N,
the diameters of the intermediate sprocket wheels being so arranged as to drive
the vehicle at a slow speed. The fore-carriage is suitably steered by means of a
pulley A2 attached thereto a chain or band A³ running over same and a pulley
on the shaft of the steering wheel A' or in any other convenient manner.
In order to make the motor carriage applicable for use with carriages of
ordinary construction (see Figure 6) or for other tractive purposes the driving
wheels B may be dispensed with, the frame E of the motor vehicle being hooked
on or otherwise coupled to the axle of the carriage. The three chain wheels or
pulleys (B1, 07 and B12) previously described for transmitting motion to travel
ahead at a quick speed and at a slow speed and to go backwards will in this case
be mounted on axle of the forecarriage or on the front frame of the ordinary
road carriage.
Under some circumstances (see Figure 7) it is advisable to have the motor
on the road carriage itself and in that case, the motion from the shaft of the
chain wheel B1 is communicated by means of bevel wheels B15 and B16 to a
shaft R which is broken or so fashioned as to allow the distance between the
motor carriage body and the road wheel shaft N to vary without bending the
shaft or causing it to jamb. According to this modification the vertical shaft R
is broken or divided, the two lengths of each being united by pivotted links R2 R3
the upper portion of the shaft R being supported in brackets on the carriage
body and the lower portion being supported in bearings R secured to the frame
of the lower part of the forecarriage or to the stationary axle N. Figure 8
shews how a spring R may be substituted for the pivotted links and Figure 10
shews how a small piece of flexible shafting R may be utilized. Although I
have only shewn one broken shaft applied to a motor vehicle it is evident that
there may be more than one so that both wheels B may be drivers. In this
particular construction the driving wheels B are in front and the steering
wheels A at the back, the driver will then sit in the rearmost seat T, but if
desired the carriage may be normally driven so that the steering wheels are in
front in which case the driver would sit on the second seat T'.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A motor vehicle provided with an engine having two or more cylinders so
arranged that they receive simultaneous motion in opposite directions and com-
municate this motion to a common crank shaft in such manner that the vibration
is overcome substantially as set forth.
2. A motor vehicle provided with an engine having two or more cylinders
arranged end to end so that their pistons receive simultaneous motion in opposite
directions and communicate this motion to a common crank shaft in such manner
that the vibration is overcome substantially as set forth.
3. A motor vehicle provided with an engine having two or more cylinders
arranged as described so that their pistons receive simultaneous motion in opposite
directions and communicate this motion to a common crank shaft, gearing for
communicating motion from the crank shaft to the road driving wheels, cluches
for putting said gearing in and out of gear for going forwards at different speeds
or for going backwards or for stopping, and means for steering the vehicle sub-
stantially as described and shewn.
4. In a motor vehicle the means for automatically uncoupling one of the road

page_text: driving wheels on describing a curve consisting of clutches connected by cords
or chains to the forecarriage or front axle substantially as set forth.
5. A motor vehicle for tractive purposes or for attachment to an ordinary road
carriage consisting of a wheeled frame on which is mounted a motor, gear for
steering and gearing for transmitting motion from the motor to the road wheels
of the carriage substantially as set forth.
6. In a motor vehicle the application and use of a shaft provided with pivotted
links or a flexible coupling for communicating motion from a shaft on the vehicle
to a road wheel substantially as set forth.
7. In a motor vehicle the application and use of front driving wheels and rear
steering wheel or wheels substantially as set forth.
8. The constructions of motor vehicles shewn on the drawings.
Dated this Thirtieth day of June 1897
JENSEN & SON,
77 Chancery Lane London W.C., Patent Agents.