Improvements in and relating to Pumps.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Nov., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 24th Sept-, 1891-Accepted, 24th Nov., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pumps.
I, EDWIN OADES, of Linden House, Broad Street Wokingham, in the County
of Berks, Auctioneer and Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows :-
My invention relates to pumps and is chiefly designed to provide a simple- and
efficient pump for use in connection with the invention described in the Specifi-
cation accompanying my application for Letters Patent 19,044 dated the
24th November 1890.
My improved pump is however applicable to other purposes for which such
apparatus is commonly employed that is to say for the exhaustion and compression
of air and other gases, for pumping water and the like. An important feature of
my said invention consists in substituting for the accurately fitting piston, ram or
plunger usually employed in pumps as heretofore constructed, a plunger which
moves to and fro in the cylinder through a suitable stuffing box or the-like, in one
end thereof, this plunger acting upon and communicating a rising and falling or
a to-and-fro-movement to a body of water in the cylinder which serves to effect
the pumping operation.
-
.
My improved pump preferably comprises a suitable chamber or vessel partly
filled with water and provided with suitable valves for the inlet and outlet of the
air. A thick flanged screw or screw-threaded plunger passes through a water
tight joint in one end of the said chamber and is adapted to be screwed into and
out of the same by means of a steam engine or other suitable power, thereby
causing the level of the water in the said chamber to rise and fall alternately
such water in rising forcing the air or gas which was in the chamber out of the
same and in falling or descending drawing in a fresh quantity of air or gas. Two
or more chambers and plungers may be used in conjunction with one another
where a continuous or practically continuous action is desired, the plunger of one
cylinder being arranged to move forward as that of the other cylinder moves
backward.
It is obvious that my improved pump will serve both for pumping water or
other liquid the water or other liquid being drawn in at the inlet aperture when
the level of the plunger is withdrawn from the pump chamber, the same quantity
of liquid being discharged from the pump chamber, when the plunger is again
forced into the said chamber.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pumps.
EDWIN OADES Linden House, Broad Street Wokingham, Berks Auctioneer and
O Surveyor do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention relates to pumps and can be employed for the exhaustion and
compression of air and other gases for pumping water and the like and for driving

page_text: An important feature of my invention consists in substituting for the piston ram
or plunger usually employed in pumps as heretofore constructed a thick flanged
or screw threaded plunger A Fig. 1 which moves to and fro in the cylinder through
a suitable stuffing box or the like.
My improved pump when used for air or gas preferably comprises a suitable
chamber or vessel C Fig. 1 partly filled with water and provided with suitable
valves for the inlet and outlet of the air. A thick flanged screw or screw threaded
plunger A passes through a water tight joint or stuffing box B in one end of the
said chamber and is adapted to be screwed into and out of the same by means of
a steam engine or other suitable power according to the size of the machine thereby
causing the level of the water in the said chamber to rise and fall alternately
such water in rising forcing the air or gas which was in the chamber out of the
same and in falling or descending drawing in a fresh quantity of air or gas.
Two
or more chambers and plungers may be used in conjunction with one another
where a continuous or practically continuous action is desired the plunger of one
cylinder being arranged to move forward as that of the other cylinder moves
backwards.
It is obvious that my improved pump will serve both for pumping water or
other liquid or for driving an ordinary pump or machine Fig. 2 at any convenient
distance from same. It could also be used for testing the strength of iron or
other pipes.
In Fig. 2 a sketch of a pump is given to show in what way it can be worked in
connection with this machine at any convenient distance from same viz. the two
chambers C&C and the pipes D and D1 Fig. 1 to be filled with water (any
waste from leakage etc. to be supplied by a self acting valve at the top of the
machine at each withdrawal of the screw plungers A and A 1) if preferred a very
small quantity of water can be drawn into the chamber C and C1 at each stroke
in excess of what is required to drive the plungers home II and H1 Fig. 2 the
surplus water to be discharged at the end of each plunger K and K Fig. 2
when driven home. The plungers Fig. 2 could be made several different ways in
Fig. 2 plunger H the pressure from the water would act on the small end Lif
the plunger is in a solid form or it could be hollow when the water would pass up
inside the tube of the plunger and act on the whole internal surface of the
plunger at L1. In the plunger H1 the water would act on the outside rim L.2
or that could be made hollow also if required the water entering at L 3. The
water to be pumped from well to cistern would pass from the pipe M through the
pipe M 1 in the usual way.
When used for the hydraulic lift the power could be applied according to the
weight to be hoisted if a light weight is required to be hoisted at a quick rate
the water surface on which the pressure is brought to bear would be small but if
the material to be hoisted is very heavy the surface exposed to the pressure
would be larger and in consequence the material would be hoisted at a slower
rate.
CLAIM.
A pump with a screw threaded or flanged plunger passing through the stuffing
EDWIN OADES.

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Nov., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 24th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 24th Dec., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method and Apparatus for the Removal or Prevention
of Smoke and Fog and the Purification of the Air in Towns and
other places, for the Heating and Ventilation of Houses and
other Structures, for the Melting of Snow, and for the
Extinguishing of Fire.
1, EDWIN OADES of Linden House Broad Street, Wokingham, in the County of
Berks, Auctioneer and Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
My invention relates to the removal of smoke, fog, and other floating matters
from the atmosphere of large cities and manufacturing towns, the removal of smoke
from ordinary fire-places and furnaces and for the ventilation of buildings and
sewers.
An important feature of my said invention consists in causing the smoke-laden or
fog-laden air to pass through one or more highly heated furnaces or stoves
wherein the smoke or fog is consumed or dissipated and from which the air is
discharged in a purified form free from objectionable floating particles or suspended.
matters.
In carrying my said invention into practice I find it advantageous to provide in
the streets preferably under the roadway two sets of pipes or mains connected
with one or more pumping stations provided with air pumps for causing a flow of
air through the said pipes or mains towards the pumping stations. The air is
drawn into the mains through suitable traps or gratings and the said mains are
moreover provided with branch-pipes leading into the different apartments of the
adjoining buildings and serving to draw the air therefrom. The air is discharged
from the mains into suitable furnaces or stoves as aforesaid when the smoke is
consumed and the fog and other suspended matters are dissipated or burnt up.
The furnaces through which the air is passed are preferably utilized for the
purpose of generating steam to drive the air pumps, thus effecting a considerable
economy and simplifying the construction of the apparatus.
The aforesaid mains are preferably also connected with the fire-places of the
adjacent buildings thus taking the smoke direct from the fires through the mains
to the furnaces without allowing the same to escape from the chimneys. By this
means also the ventilation of the buildings is very conveniently effected.
The heat from furnaces and the hot air passing through the main might in some
instances be utilized by passing the same through a series of coiled pipes for the
melting of snow in winter.
The pipes communicating between the mains and the houses may be conveniently
carried down to near the foundation and connected by branch pipes with each of
the double mains, an easily accessible stop-cock being provided in each of the
branch pipes so that each house could be cut off from one main and connected with
the other to allow of a main being repaired or drained at any time without
interfering with the removal of the smoke from the house.
I also find it advan-
tageous to provide another inlet or cock in the main to be used for pumping
non-combustible gas into the house in case of fire, which would be moreover con-
siderably checked by the stoppage of the principal source of ventilation.
The air pumps at each purifying station serve to pump the air out of the mains
and force the same through the furnaces thus causing a vacuum in the mains which
would be continuously replaced by a fresh supply of foul air and smoke rushing in
to fill up the vacuum.
It is proposed to use asbestos.netting in connection with the furnaces.

page_text: The pipes or mains might with advantage. be enamelled inside and traps and
syphons provided at convenient distances therein to take off any water &c. from
the said mains and the communicating pipes in houses might be used in some cases
for heating purposes.
The mains laid down for carrying out my invention might also be used for
drawing foul air from sewers and ventilating the same; the foul air being afterwards
rendered harmless in passing through the furnaces as aforesaid. It is desirable
however that the pipes connected with the sewers should be separate from and
independent of the pipes connected with the house:
According to a modification of my invention provide for the removal or
consumption of the smoke from ordinary coal fires, without the necessity for
employing mains in the streets as above described. For this purpose employ a
small gas stove packed with asbestos and by causing the products of combustion to
pass through the same the whole of the smoke from a coal fire could be consumed.
The hot air from the stove might moreover be passed between two corrugated
plates forming an overmantel thus utilizing the greater part of the lent thereof
for warming the room. I sometimes provide in connection with the air pumps a
suitable safety valve or regulator to prevent any portion of the main being subjected
to a greater pressure than required. This valve may be controlled by a device
resembling in form and action a small gas holder adapted to rise and fall with the
variations in pressure of the air in the main.
Or the said valve may be regulated by a chamber having flexible sides of
leather or other suitable material:
Suitable syphon traps are preferably fixed at certain distances along the mains
to take off surplus or drainage water a ball being placed in the syphon to prevent
air entering the same when empty but to allow the water to pass away therefrom
as it accumulates.
The purified air may be discharged at once on its passing through the furnace or
forced through a third set of pipes to any suitable distance either cast or west
according to the direction of the wind so that it shall be blown away from the
town when it escapes.
The furnaces may be supplied with fresh air or with the air from the main.
If the air is conveyed to some distance from the town it may be sufficiently
purified by passing it through body of water at same time passing a current of
electricity through the same.
Pure air may also be distributed into a densely populated' district on the same
principle.
Dis 24th day of November 1890.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45; Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant:
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method and Apparatus for the Removal or Prevention.
of Smoke and Fog and the Purification of the Air in Towns and.
other places, for the Heating and Ventilation. of Houses and,
other Structures, for the Melting of Snow, and for the,
Extinguishing of Fire..
JEDWIN ADES Linden House, Broad Street Wokingham, in the County, of
Berks, Auctioneer & Surveyor do hereby declare the nature of this, invention,
and in what manner the saine is to be performed;. to be particularly described;
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to the removal of smoke, fog, and other floating matters
from the atmosphere of large cities and manufacturing towns, the removal of smoke
from ordinary fire places, and furnaces and for the ventilation of buildings and
sewers.
5

page_text: An important feature of my said invention consists in causing the smoke laden
or fog-laden air to pass through one or more highly heated furnaces or stoves
wherein the smoke or fog is consumed or dissipated and from which the air is
discharged in a purified form free from objectionable floating particles or suspended
matters.
In carrying my said invention into practice I find it advantageous to provide in
the streets preferably under the roadway two sets of pipes or mains F Fig. 2
connected with one or more pumping stations provided with air pumps for causing
a flow of air through the said pipes or mains towards the pumping stations. The
air is drawn into the mains through suitable traps or gratings and the said mains
are moreover provided with branch pipes leading into the different apartments of
the adjoining buildings and serving to draw the air therefrom.
The air is discharged from the mains into suitable furnaces or stoves as afore-
said, when the smoke is consumed and the fog and other suspended matters are
dissipated or burnt up.
The furnaces through which the air is passed are preferably utilized for the
purpose of generating steam to drive the air pumps, thus effecting a considerable
economy and simplifying the construction of the apparatus.
The aforesaid mains are preferably also connected with the fire places M of the
adjacent buildings thus taking the smoke direct from the fires through the mains
to the furnaces without allowing the same to escape from the chimneys. By this
means also the ventilation of the buildings is very conveniently effected.
The heat from furnaces and the hot air passing through the main might in-some
instances be utilized by passing same through a series of coiled pipes for 'the
melting of snow in winter-for example, the whole of the hot air, smoke &c. drawn
from the furnaces in a large factory or other building together with the foul air
drawn from the buildings in ventilating same after having passed through a furnace
to be purified, could be carried through coils of pipes fixed in any convenient
position just below the surface of the ground, the snow being placed on same
would pass into the drains either partly or entirely melted as may be required, the
trench in which the coils of pipes are fixed could be covered over with iron gratings
except when in use.
The pipes communicating between the mains and the houses may be conveniently
carried down to mear the foundation and connected by branch pipes with each of
the double mains, an easily accessible stop cock being provided in each of the
branch pipes, so that each house could be cut off from one main and connected with
the other to allow of a main being repaired or drained at any time without
interfering with the removal of the smoke from the house. I also find it advantageous
to provide another inlet or cock in the branch from main to be used for pumping
non-combustible gas into the house in case of fire which would be moreover
considerably checked by the stoppage of the principal source of ventilation
Fig. 2. H.
The air pumps at each purifying station serve to pump the air out of the mains
and force the same through the furnaces this causing a vacuum in the mains which
would be continuously replaced by a fresh supply of foul air and smoke rushing in
to fill up the vacuum.
It is proposed to use asbestos netting in connection with the furnaces, the asbestos
netting to be placed the whole length of the furnace in the space above the firel,
forming a greater surface for the smoke & foul air to come in contact thus ensuring
the combustion of same.
The pipes or mains might with advantage be enamelled inside and traps and
syphons provided at convenient distances therein to take off any water &c. from
the said mains and the communicating pipes in houses might be used in some cases
for heating purposes (N Fig. 2) by the use of a slide or damper (Q Fig. 2 Sheet 1)
in the main Huc, the hot air could be diverted from same and carried through the
coils of pipe N in the same room.or an adjoining one, and pass back into the main
flue again.

page_text: The mains laid down for carrying out my invention might also be used for drawing
foul air from sewers and ventilating the same, the foul air being afterwards rendered
harmless in passing through the furnaces as aforesaid.
It is desirable however that the pipes connected with the sewers should be separate
from and independent of the pipes connected with the house.
Accoriling to a modification of my invention I provide for the removal or
consumption of the smoke from ordinary coal fires without the necessity for
employing mains in the streets as above described.
For this purpose I employ a small gas stove (A. Fig. 1) packed with asbestos
and by causing the products of combustion to pass through the same the whole of
the smoke from a coal fire could be consumed. The hot air from the stove
might moreover be passed between two corrugated plates (B. Fig. 1) forming
an overmantel.thus utilizing the greater part of the heat thereof for warming the
room.
I sometimes provide in connection with the air pumps a suitable safety valve or
regulator to prevent any portion of the main being subjected to a greater pressure
than required.
This valve may be controlled by a device resembling in form and action a small
gas holder adapted to rise and fall with the variations in pressure of the air in the
main, if there is too great a pressure in the main the top case (A Fig. 3 Sheet 2)
of the regulator would rise above the lower case B and allow the air to escape by
the shaft D, the top case could be weighted with iron or lead weights according to
the pressure it is required to resist.
Or the said valve may be regulated by a chamber having flexible sides of leather
or other suitable material.
Suitable syphon traps are preferably fixed at certain distances along the mains
to take off surplus or drainage water, a ball being placed in the syphon to prevent
air entering the same when empty but to allow the water to pass away therefrom
as it accumulates.
The purified air may be discharged at once on its passing through the furnace
or forced through a third set of pipes to any suitable distance either east or west
according to the direction of the wind so that it shall be blown away from the town
when it escapes.
The furnaces may be supplied with fresh air or with the air from the main.
If the air is conveyed to some distance from the town it may be sufficiently
purified by passing it through a body of water at same time passing a current of
electricity through the same, or by means of sprays of water and centrifugal
machinery.
The centrifugal machine could be made in the ordinary form of a globe or egg
shape, in two parts (A and B Fig. 4 Sheet 2) and driven, by a band or strap from
an engine, the water to form the sprays, to be introduced by a pipe (C Fig. 4)
either at the top or bottom of the chamber, the pipe being perforated nearly the
whole length of the chamber.
The smoke or fog laden air to be introduced either at the top or bottom of the
chamber, (through the pipe D. Fig. 4) a wire or perforated screen E Fig. 4 to be
fixed inside the globe or other shaped vessel, forming an inner shell, a space being
left between the inner & outer shell, revolving with same, the water to pass out at
a hole in the vessel B (at. Fig. 4) a small pipe y could be used passing through
the top of the chamber to collect the carbon &c. "separated from the water and air
by the centrifugal action in the ordinary way, or the water could be passed into the
sewer with the matter extracted from the air. The fog and smoke laden. air being
driven through the sprays of water and the wire or perforated screen or shell,
would be sufficiently purified to be allowed to escape without passing same through
a furnace. The centrifugal machine could also be used without a force pump, by
forming the upper & lower part on the same principle as a ventilator (G and G1
Fig. 4 Sheet 2) the vessel revolving at a great speed (driven by an engine) would
draw in the fog and smoke at the bottom and force sanie through the water sprays.

page_text: & screen and escape at G or by reversing the engine the air could be drawn in at
the top at G and discharged at the bottom at G I.
Pure air may also be distributed into a densely populated district on the same
principle by making use of the extra main to force fresh air from a distance and
discharging same where most required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is:
1st. An improved method of and apparatus for the removal of smoke fog and
other floating matters from the air, the removal of smoke from ordinary fire places
and.furnaces and for the ventilation of buildings and sewers, for melting snow and
extinguishing fire.
2nd. An arrangement for consuming the smoke on leaving the stove by combus-
tion before allowing same to mix with the air, the hot air also being used when
required for heating purposes:
EDWIN OADES.