and Artificial Waters and other Beverages.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application,' 20th Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 14th Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 17th Feb., 1888
and Artificial Waters and other Beverages.
I CHARLES TELLIER, of No. 20 Ruo Félicien David, Paris, in the republic of
France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention has for object to heat water and other beverages at the same time
keeping them in an aërated condition and filtering them.
My improved apparatus in constructed of a tinned metal jacket or casing closed at
the top and at the bottom. The top end is provided with two openings, one for the
introduction of the liquid, the other for the escape of air. These openings are pro-
vided with tubes passing into the interior in such a manner that the level of the water
cannot pass a certain point and that air is confined above this level. The lower end is
removeable for cleansing purposes and is provided with a discharge cock provided at
its inner end with a filtering device.
The apparatus is placed in a vessel containing a saline solution, for example, chloride
of calcium, which boils at 160°, or in a boiler through which passes a jet of steam at
any suitable temperature. In this case the condensed steam flows into a receiver
placed at the side and is returned to the boiler by any suitable means.
Instead of the tinned metal jacket or casing I can employ a glass bottle surmounted
by a metal chamber carrying the discharge cock and the filter.
In all cases the action of heat destroys the germs or microbes and prevents the
water, beated under pressure, from parting with the air which it contains. The filter
itself is heated at each operation. When the apparatus is emptied, as a matter of
precaution it is advisable to screw over the opening for the entrance of air a filter of
carded cotton (Pasteur system) to prevent the entrance of atmospheric germs.
G. F. REDFERN,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Many methods can be utilized for this purpose, the most simple is that shown in
figure 1 and consists in providing the underside of the openings D and E with
tubular projections h, h and g, g respectively. By this means water introduced into
the apparatus is prevented from rising above the line a, a and consequently the space.
between a, a and b, 6 will admit of the expansion within the 'receiver which can.
then take placo without fear of explosion.
The bottom plate is constructed in two parts; the part C, C is fixed to the
cylinder A, A, A, A in a similar manner to that above described with regard to the
plate B. The other part J, J is connected to the part C, C by bolts or screws so as
to form a joint which can be taken to pieces when required thus allowing of the
apparatus being easily inspected and cleaned.
In order that this operation can be effected as speedily as possible a set-screw K,
figures 3 and 4, is insertod between the fastening screws of the joint. By unscrewing
it water can be passed into the apparatus the interior can be cleansed and any deposits
which may have formed bo removed.
The boiling operation possesses the disadvantage of precipitating the earthy or
calcareous matters contained in the water. In order to provent them passing out of
the apparatus when the water is being drawn off I provide the upper part of the dis-
charge cock L with a small chamber provided with holes m, m, m, m. In this
chamber is placed sponge, carbon, or other material suitable for filtering water. This
filter has the advantage of keeping the said matters in suspension in the water and
as at each operation it is heated with the water consequently each time it is also
purified.
In order to facilitate the use of the apparatus it is placed on the stand or support
shown at figures 5 and 6.
To draw off the water it is only necessary to open the cocks Land H. The water
runs off through the cock L while air enters the apparatus through the cock H. As
the air entering the apparatus might be impregnated with deleterious vapours, in
order to prevent these vapours being absorbed by the water to be consumed I connect
by means of the screw-tliread at the upper part of the cock H a Pasteur filter shown
in section at figure 11, formed of a chamber M filled with carded cotton having the
property of retaining in its fibres any germs or corpuscles which may be contained in
the air.
When the apparatus has been filled with water it is subjected to the action of heat
in order to destroy any morbific germs which may exist therein.
Figure 7 represents a vertical section of an apparatus which is employed for
heating the water when only a small quantity is required. It is constructed of a
furnace n, n, n, n in which placed the boiler o, o, o, o provided with a cover r, r.
Figuro 8 is a horizontal section of the furnace without the boiler.
In the boiler o, o, o, o is placed either a solution of sea salt which boils at about 110°,
a solution of potash which boils at about 140°, or a solution of chloride of calcium
which boils at a temperature of about 160°, or other equivalent solution. The herein-
before described receivers containing water to be boiled are placed in the solution and
heat is then applied until the boiling point is reached which should bo maintained for
about one hour. The action of heat thus disengaged destroys the microbes and other
organisms and as the water remains under pressure during the whole time the heating
operation is taking place the air cannot escape but remains in the water which is
desirable.
The object of employing saline solutions is to ensure the coction of the water
without ever exceeding the maximum pressures which the receivers can withstand.
With an apparatus of this kind. I can in about ten hours heat forty bottles, a
quantity not only sufficient for domestic consumption but even for a small hospital or
tho like.
When however it is necessary to supply a district it is better to erect works for the
preparation of the water and then distributo it; the water can be kept for an indefinite
period.
To prepare a large quantity I employ the arrangement shown in longitudinal section

page_text: at figure which comprises a vessel P, P, P, P which can withstand an internal
pressuro of several atmospheres. This vessel has an opening closed by a stopper or
cover P, P, the said opening being large enough to allow of a man entering the
receivor. Inside the receiver are placed bottles filled with water and when the
receiver is filled the opening is closed, the cock Q, which is connected to any suitable
steam generator, is opened and steam enters the vessel, when the bottles contained
therein become heated. The condensed steam produced by this heating operation
passes off through a cock R and a tube q, q into a receiver S. The water of con-
densation is then restored to the boiler by means of a plungers by a feed pump or
by other suitable means. Under these conditions the apparatus P, P, P, P reaches a
pressure corresponding to a temperature of 150° which can be exceeded if required.
When the desired temperature has been obtained the cocks Q and R are both closed
and the cock T is opened through which a current of cold water is admitted. The
receivers treated as above described are all cooled in this manner and the contents are
then removed and placed on carts for delivery.
In hot climates the operation can be completed by freezing the water which has
undergone the hereinbefore described treatment. The tubular projections h, h, g, I,
figure 1, should be lengthened to provide for the increase in volume of the water
when in a frozen condition and to allow of freeing the gases expelled from the water
by the congelation, which gases would be absorbed when the ice melts.
Figure 10 shows a vertical section of a modification of the apparatus shown in
figure 1. It consists of a glass or porcelain bottle A, A on the neck of which is
placed a ring h, h either enchased or fixed by a collar.
On this ring is screwed a vessel c, c, d, d provided at its upper part with a cock H,
and having within it a filter M of sponge or other suitable material. The size of the
vessel c, c, d, d is such as to allow of the expansion of the water.
In order to fill the bottle the vessel c, c, d, d is unscrewed therefrom and the
remainder of the operation is the same as that herein before described.
As the action of heat precipitates carbonato of limo I sometimes add to the waters
under treatment a certain proportion of carbonic acid which assists the re-dissolution of
any carbonate of lime which may bo precipitated.
The improved apparatus above described can be used in the boiling of natural and
artificial mineral or gaseous waters and fermented beverages such as beer, cider, and
the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improved apparatus herein before described of glass or metal for heating
water under pressure at the same time preserving it in its aërated condition sub-
stantially as hercinbefore described.
2. In a receiver for heating water the use of tubular projections (such as h, h, g, g,
figure 1) for automatically limiting the quantity of water introduced, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
3. The combination with apparatus, such as those described in the preceding
claims of a filter heated at each operation, substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before described.
Dated the 14th day of Jonu 1988
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicant.