IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MINERAL TEETH, AND IN THE METHOD OF FIXING SUCH MINERAL TEETH TO THE DENTAL PIECE
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and
Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire
of France, and 10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MINERAL TEETH, AND IN THE METHOD OF
FIXING SUCH MINERAL TEETH TO THE DENTAL PIECE." -A communica-
tion from Jean Baptiste Abel Duchesne, residing at Rue Lafayette,
in Paris, aforesaid, Surgeon.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st December 1868.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire of France, and
10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MINERAL TEETH, AND IN THE METHOD
OF FIXING SUCH MINERAL TEETH TO THE DENTAL PIECE," a communication

page_text: from Jean Baptiste Abel Duchesne, a person resident at Rue Lafayette,
in Paris, aforesaid, Surgeon, to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me relates to a new and improved
system of fixing mineral teeth to the dental piece, and consists in a
new and improved mode of producing mineral teeth. Each tooth is
furnished with a hollow of a size exceeding that of the orifice, by which
orifice the rubber in its plastic state enters into the tooth, assuming
inside the internal configuration, and, as it were, the shape of a nail
head of a pyramidal form or of the form of a flattened cone, and the
rubber being properly vulcanized the tooth becomes firmly attached to
the dental piece. The hole being obtained by placing on the rear side
of the mould of the tooth, which is moulded of materials well known to
tooth manufacturers, the base-of-a-piece of wood, or of any other material
cut into the shape of a cone, and which can be consumed or melted-at
a lesser degree of heat than that required for the baking of the tooth,
the said piece of wood or other material being consumed or done away
with during the process of biscuiting, there remains in the centre of
the tooth a hollow-corresponding in size and shape with the wood or
other material which has disappeared. The principle of strength-claimed
for this tooth consists in the fact that the rubber, a portion of the dental
piece to which it is to be attached, entering into the tooth itself, the
tooth actually forms part and parcel, so to speak, of the dental piece;
and the principle of the Invention consists in the hollow in the centre of
the tooth of a larger size than the orifice by which the rubber or other
plastic material is introduced of whatever form this hollow may be,
whether produced by the consuming, melting, or annihilating of any
animal, vegetable, or mineral matter that can be so annihilating by a
lesser degree of heat than that required for the biscuiting or baking of
the tooth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 30
filed by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th May 1869.
Office on the 29th May 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18,

page_text: Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 10, Sackville
Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville,
Her special licence, that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Henri Adrien Bonneville, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term thercin expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MINERAL
TEETH, AND IN THE METHOD OF FIXING SUCH MINERAL TEETH TO THE DENTAL
PIECE," a communication from Jean Baptiste Abel Duchesne, a person
resident at Rue Lafayette, in Paris, aforesaid, Surgeon, upon the condition
(amongst others that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The Invention communicated to me relates to a new and improved
system of fixing mineral teeth to the dental piece and consists in a new
and improved mode of producing mineral teeth. Each tooth is furnished
with a hollow of a size exceeding that of the orifice through the tooth,
by which orifice the rubber in its plastic state enters into the tooth,
assuming inside the internal configuration, and outside, as it were, the
shape of a nail head of a pyramidal form or of the form of a flattened
conc, and the rubber being properly vulcanised the tooth becomes firmly

page_text: attached to the dental piece. The hole being obtained by placing on the
rear side of the tooth, which is moulded of materials well known to
tooth manufacturers, a base or piece of wood or any other material
cut into the shape of a cone and fusible at a lower degree of temperature
than that required for the tooth, the said piece of wood or other material
being consumed or done away with during the process of biscuiting.
there remains in the centre of the tooth a hollow corresponding in size
and shape with the base which has disappeared. The principle of
strength claimed for this tooth exists in the fact that the rubber which
forms part of the dental piece to which it is to be attached entering into
the tooth itself, the tooth actually forms part and parcel, so to speak, of
the dental piece.
Having-thus-given a brief description of this Invention, I will proceed
to enter into further details regarding it. Heretofore mineral-teeth-have-
been made in Europe as well as in America so as to enable the dentist to
attach them either to metal or to vulcaniscd rubber platina pins cm-
bedded in the teeth, these platina pins being absolutely necessary for
metal work, whilst for rubber work exclusive various contrivances have
been resorted to, consisting in hollows cut-into-the-sides or backs, or in
both combined, of the teeth, or in holes pierced vertically through the
same. These contrivances have generally been pronounced by the dental
profession as perfectly useless, and the defective (for rubber) platina pins
have, for want of better, remained in use. Recently the use of a button
attachment composed of the same material as the tooth itself has been
introduced, but this also, in addition to its want of solidity, the point cut
in under the head of the button being composed of the same brittle
material (porcelaine) as the tooth, and lacking the strength which the
tooth itself as a solid body naturally possesses, has the still greater defect
of adding to the thickness and consequent clumsiness of the tooth,
which requires a thick rim of rubber for its embedment.
Now, the improvements secured by the said Letters Patent overcome
all these defects. In making the said improved teeth they are moulded
as described with materials well known to teeth manufacturers, and there
is placed a part, say less than one-half, of the body and, enamel on the
face side of the tooth or mould; a somewhat greater quantity is placed on
the other or back side of the mould; then the base of a piece of wood cut
into the form of a cone with its top cut off, as described before, is placed
on the face side, the point or apex of the cone presenting itself upper-

page_text: most. The two sides of the mould are then brought together and the
piece of wood is of course enclosed in the centre of the tooth, presenting
its apex or smallest part towards the back of the tooth or mould. The
teeth being dried and taken from the mould are placed in the fire and
biscuited in the usual manner. During the process of biscuiting, as
before stated, the wood is consumed, and there remains a hollow corre-
sponding in size and shape with the wood which has disappeared. It
may be here stated that the same effect could be produced with any
other matter that is combustible, and it could also be accomplished with
any fusible matter, with wax and many other vegetable or animal matters,
or with any of the fusible metals, which melt at a lesser degree of heat
than that required for the tooth, but preference should be given to the
piece of wood as before stated. The teeth are now ready to be trimmed,
and it is in this process that the trimmer pierces with a drill or file
known as the rat tail file the hole which gives communication with the
hollow at the point indicated by the moulder on the back of the
tooth at the time of moulding. The opening made by the trimmer
should be about the size of the head of an ordinary pin, or a little larger
as may be desired. The teeth are then to be tacked in the ordinary way,
and they are ready for the market.
Having thus described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before part recited Letters Patent is, the hollow created in the
tooth larger than the orifice which communicates with the same, whether
the hollow be produced by combustion or by the melting, as above
stated, and whatever the form or size of the hollow may be, or at what-
ever part of the tooth the same may be placed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-sixth day of May,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
TT
DONNEVITT T
H. BONNEVILLE
(2.8.)