Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Dec., 1886.
Specification Accepted, 8th Mar., 1887.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67 Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:--
The principle employed in this machine is perfectly original, and the constructions
are neither in the main nor in the details known in former writing machines.
Fig. 1 is a plan of the machine showing the mechanism, which is influenced direct
by the depression of the keys, whereby the motion is transferred to the row of letters.
The frame, (Fig. 2) is placed above this mechanism, and on this the paper-roll is
attached. When Fig. 2 from the position shown in the drawing, is led straight to the
left above Fig. 1, it assumes the place which it has in reality. The other drawings
show various details.
The manner in which the machine works, is easily to be understood by Fig. 3.
A signifies the point where the letter or sign is printed on the paper, B is a bar, on
the lowest side of which the letters are placed. The principle is now to give this ar
such a motion, that it, by the depression of one or more keys carries the letter
concerned exactly over the said point A at this moment, a pin A is raised exactly
below the letter and presses against it, so that the letter is printed on the paper
passing between the pin and the letter. As a consequence of the above, there must
then to the bar B be given a greater or lesser horizontal motion in conformity with
the place, which the required letter has in the row of letters. This is obtained in the
following manner: The bar B is, as shown in Fig. 3, attached movably to the arm D.
which is firmly joined to the axle C with bearings e; this axle moving more or less
of rotation, ile bar B will consequently receive a corresponding horizontal motion
gliding on the fixed pin . The motion of the axle is caused by the arm E, which is
attached to a frame 1, which, by the depression of the keys, is moved around the
pivot e. The arm E raises the pin ; which is firmly joined to a loose ring g on the

page_text: axle C
signifies the clongation of the pin ƒ'; a spiral spring is fixed with one end
to the elongation and with the other end to the arm D, which is firmly attached to the
axle C. When the pin is raised, the tension of the spiral-spring will cause the
axle C to rotate more or less.
These different motions are now to be explained. Before the row of keys 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
are placed edgewise two bars G & H, in which are made slots m (Fig. 4). Between
these bars steel plates are moved, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, supported by pins n which
glide in the said slots. The row of these plates may be given a different length,
whereby is determined, how much the axle C is able to rotate, or which letter in the
row will be carried just above the point A.-K signifies a pin on the axle C (Fig. 5)
which pushes the plates together.
The before mentioned upward motion of the bar Al (Fig. 8) is caused by the
bar QFig. 1. This bar is in connection with the frame, which is moved about the
point e, when the key is depressed. The bar Qraises the pin A', Fig. 3, which is
connected with it, the pin gliding in a tube A", which is fixed to the frame of the
machine.
The machine works with 49 signs (more or less); consequently to the row of the
plates is to be given 10 different lengths. This is attained by combining the distances
between the seven plates, which is caused by the depression of the keys, where a
corresponding combination is taking place. A key being depressed by 1, is moved
about the centre point e, whereby its opposite end is raised to this is loosely fixed a
pin p by a screw y, and the outer end of the pin p passes through a bow, which is
attached to an angle lever N lying on the slide and fixed movably to this by s.
This wedge is drawn down by a spiral spring P, attached to an arm on the slide.
When the machine is not working, all the levers are drawn down each in its own
space; but if now one or more of the keys are depressed, the interval concerned will
be free, and as appears from the foregoing, the spiral spring (Fig. 3), on which
in this moment is a great tension, will immediately cause the axle to rotate, and the
pin K then presses the slides together, where the levers are raised. By this means
the row of slides will have an altered length. The bar B makes a corresponding
motion, and the letter concerned then arrives above the point A.-For the exact
regulation of the necessary distances between the slides, the screws n' are used, which
are placed in the pins » (Fig. 1). The screw P is used for the regulation of the
whole row.
Fig. 2 shows the apparatus which moves the paper. M signifies the paper, on
which the writing is printed and which is wound round a cylinder with
bearings Two other cylinders draw the paper between them just above the
point A. In Fig. 2 the cylinder S, being under the paper, is indicated by dotted
lines. The uppermost is omitted. The bearings for all three cylinders are arranged
in a frame T which is carried to and fro on two rails t, which are fixed in the
frame U; this frame is firmly placed on four pillars and thus held in its position
above the machine Fig. 1. When the machine works, the frame T is moved from
right to left, which is done in the following manner: To the frame U are fixed two
brackets, between which is placed a ratchet-wheel ¹, and on the axle y a loose
dise a, in the one side of which is made a groove; in this is fixed a cord y which is
united to the frame T. Fig. 6 shows on a larger scale a side view of this mechanism,
and Fig. 7 from the edge. To the ratchet-wheel is fixed a short bar », to the upper
end of which is attached a movable hook », which catches into a recess in the
circumference of the disea, that in this manner during the rotation is carried along
with the ratchet-wheel. The rotation of the latter is occasioned by the hook Q which
is connected with the bar (Fig. 1) following the movements of the keys being
fastened to the frame. The hook Qis raised one tooth forward each time a key is
depressed, and being again depressed, when the said key is lifted, it turns the ratchet
wheel, by which the frame T with the paper is moved so much from right to left as
corresponds to the space between two letters. When the ratchet wheel in this manner
has moved one turn, one line is written, and the frame T must now be moved from
left to right, in order that the new line may be begun.

page_text: The wheel has the position shown in Fig. 6; the hook fixed on the frame U,
which presses it so far down that the disc is made free of the hook ; the disc is
now rotating on the axle, and the spiral spring is contracted taking along with it
the frame T the frame reaching farthest to the right, a cog-wheel fixed in the
roller S pushes against a pawl placed on the frame U, whereby the roller and the
paper are moved so much as corresponds to the distance between two lines.
spring which pushes back the pawl.
Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the machine.
is a
In the above mentioned apparatus all the letters, figures and stops are placed in a
straight line. The letters and stops may also be placed in two or more rows beside.
each other as shown in Fig. 10, and set forth in the following description.
The Figures 11, 12 and 13 represent the before mentioned machine but with
modifications in the construction. Fig. 11 shows essentially the same construction,
as represented by Fig. 1, but with that modification that the track of the slides is
divided into two parts, and these arranged at right angles to each other. The three
slides 11, 12, 13 and 14 are constructed and operated upon by the keys as mentioned,
but their motion is arranged at a right angle to that of the slides 8, 9, 10. By this
means, the two different motions are gained, which are necessary, when the letters are
fixed in the circumference of a cylinder, as shown by B' instead of in a single
straight row as before mentioned. As the letters are fixed in the cylinder, the latter
must also be given a double motion namely along its longitudinal axis and also a
rotation about this latter according as the letters, which are to be printed, are
situated in the same row on the cylinder or in different rows. Every division of the
slides has its own moving-mechanism; that on the right hand of the drawing causes
the horizontal motion, that on the left hand causes the rotating motion and is
arranged as is shown in Figs. 11, 12 and 12". B is an axle, which is carried in
On
the bearings in the frame C, the latter being placed on the frame U, Fig. 2.
the axle is placed a cog-wheel D¹, which gears into the sector D revolving on the
axle C. The remainder of the mechanism is exactly similar to that described with
reference to Fig. 3. On depressing the keys 6, 5 or 4, the slides 12, 11, 13 are
moved, and the pin K is allowed to assume the required position, by which the
shaft B is rotated so as to bring over the paper that row of letters of the cylinder,
in which the letter required is situated. By depressing the keys 3, 2 or 1, the
respective row of letters is moved longitudinally in the manner hereinbefore described
with reference to Fig. 3, so that the required letter is brought vertically over the
rod A. The axle B works by means of the pin 111 upon the arm on that part
of the axle B, which hangs in the bearings and, and on which the
cylinder is placed. The axle terminates in a pivot in a spherically shaped
bearing which permits of its rotating motion; the bearing is kept in its position in
an angle piece by a screw e¹. The connection between the axle B and the
bar B is attained through the bearing e, which is held by pivots in a fork
the opposite end of the bar is fixed movably to the arm 1 on the axle C, which
operates as mentioned with reference to Fig. 1. Thus the double motion is attained
by the depression of the keys 6, 5 or 4 with the keys 3, 2 or 1. Fig. 13 presents
two other modifications on each side of the drawing. The keys do not operate on
any slide, but on a string or band P, which is carried across a system of pulleys,
of which some, h, rotate about fixed pivots in the stand G, while others rotate
on pivots, placed on the keys. The string or band is carried alternately above and
below the pulleys. The string or band is led through a tube L' to a pulley on
the axle B which is carried in the bearing d" du The one end of the axle is
fixed to a spiral spring d' and the opposite end reaches into the tube L", where it is
joined with the string or band P, that is led to the pulleys and is fixed to a
certain point shows spiral spring, from which a string is carried over the
pulley in the opposite direction to the string P on the pulley 7.
;
The construction which is shown on the right of Fig. 13 only differs from the
above by using slides M', which, moving on fixed rails m', have a short horizontal

page_text: motion to or from the keys. are pulleys movable on a fixed pin, and on each
slide is likewise a pulley. The string is fixed at a point 7'. To each key is attached
an angle-wedge, whose downward bent wedge, when the key is passive, pushes the
slides away from the keys to the position shown by the drawing. If now one or
more keys are depressed, the wedge is raised, and on account of the tension of the
spring d, the cord will more or less assume the straight line, by which means the
cylinder B is moved horizontally carrying the letter in question to the point A.
If other keys are depressed, the rotating motion from the left is produced by means
of the spiral spring and disc "¹. All the keys are moved about the common
axle e.
Fig. 14 presents two further modifications. The construction on the left hand of
the drawing differs only by employing pulley / fixed on angle-levers, which
are moved about the pivots. The pulleys are moved on pins firmly fixed in
the same plate. The pulleys have on their axle a smaller disc. From the disc 7 the
cord P is carried to the first dise and is fixed with its end in the circumference of
the disc; another string is laid about the lesser disc on the same axle and is carried
to the next dise, in whose outer circumference it is fixed and so on, until the end of
the string is fixed in the last angle-lever. These angle-levers are moved by
wedges firmly attached to the bar ", fastened on the key.
When the pressure on the key ceases, a spring placed under each key will force it
into its former position. The motion of the cylinder horizontally is obtained by the
pressure of certain keys, which work upon a mechanism as mentioned but placed on
the opposite side of the machine.
On the right hand side in Fig. 14 is shown the application of a construction, by
which is used water or other fluid for the motion of the cylinder. Above the keys is
placed a reservoir S¹, in the bottom of which three or more unequally large holes are
made, which are closed with a caoutchouc plate, as indicated by dotted lines. On the
undermost side of the caoutchouc plate is fixed a piston N¹. T signifies a fixed tube,
which is connected with the reservoir and through which an India-rubber tube is
led, which is indicated by a black line u. The axle B, on which the cylinder with
the letters is sitting, is in airtight connection with the India-rubber tube. By
depressing one or more of the keys, more or less fluid will be pressed into the tube,
which will lengthen itself, and the axle B with the cylinder will thus be moved in
horizontal direction. The rotary motion of the cylinder is caused by depressing
certain keys, which are forcing fluids into an India-rubber tube at the opposite side
of the machine. This tube is fixed by a crank, which is placed on the axle B, by
which means the axle will be rotating more or less according to the amount of
fluid, which is forced into the tube. Fig. 15 is a side view of the machine; is a
spring, which raises the key towards the button. The depressing of the key is
limited by the angle-iron m³. Instead of pressing water out of the reservoir S¹ and
into the mentioned tube, the effect may also be obtained by causing the pistons with
the caoutchouc discs to be raised, and the tube filled with fluid, while the keys are in
a state of repose. The key must in that case have its rotating point at e¹ instead of
ate. By the depression of the key, the piston with the caoutchouc plate will then be
lowered and fluid sucked from the tube back to the reservoir.
In Fig. 16 is represented a mechanism which may be applied to the transmission of
the motion instead of the construction shown in Figs. 1, 8, 11, 12. By use of this
apparatus the letter, which is carried just above the point A is held immovable until
an impression is taken. The bar D (see Fig. 3) is given an extension to the one side,
in which an axle " is placed, the one end of which serves as a pivot for a pawl and
also for a curved barn, which is partly indicated by dotted lines. $ signifies an
arm firmly fixed on the axle C, the upper end of which arm carries a curved
extensions, and which by means of a projecting edge, retains the said pawl, which
has a similar projection, as shown in the drawing. is a rack, firmly set in the
frame and which has the form of a bow. The number 7 is the nearest slide. When,
as explained by Fig. 1, the bar E by raising the pin moves the axle Cand

page_text: thereby the bar D; then the latter will take the pawl as well as the bar along
with it.
When the lowest end of the latter pushes against the slide 7 all the slides are
tightened in proportion to the depressed keys. The bar D continues the motion, and
the bar n', which cannot move any farther, will then press against the pawl, which,
by that means is liberated and catches into the racks; this is done at the moment,
when the letter is just above the point A, the whole mechanism is now fixed, but
returns to its former position as soon as the depression of the keys ceases.
Fig. 17 is a side view of Fig. 16 on a smaller scale. The axle g, the one end
of which is lodged in the bar D, is at the other end supported by an arm K from the
axle C.
In Figs. 18, 19 is shown another modification, in which the motion from the keys
is transmitted by means of a cord to the axle, on which the cylinder is fixed. The
one end of the axle B is attached to a spiral spring and the other end carries a
movable cross piece . In the one end of this cross piece is fixed the cord E,
which is attached to the bar E (Fig. 1) and to the end of the axle is fixed the cord E¹
which is carried along the pulleys. The function is as follows: On the key being
depressed, the cord E is loosened a little. The cord E' is slackened, and the spiral
spring draws the axle horizontally, until the first mentioned cord is quite tight. The
cross piece will then attain a slanting position, and the pawl o will catch into the
rack O¹. The whole mechanism is then immovable; this is done at the moment the
letier is just above the point A. The rotating motion is produced in a similar manner
by a mechanism placed on the opposite side of the machine.
The different systems may be combined with each other as shown by the Figs. 13
and 14 as instances. The one system will probably best suit the rotating motion,
while another may best suit the horizontal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:
In type writers:
1. The system of producing by single or combined depression, of a relatively few
keys, a large number of different positions, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
2. The application of the said system to the movement of the row of signs and to
the printing of the signs by means of plates or slides moving in guides, the said slides
being placed in a row and influenced by the motion of the keys, substantially as
illustrated and described.
3. The described system for causing the motion of the row of signs consisting in
giving the row of the slides a varying length according to the depression of the keys,
substantially as illustrated and described.
4. The system of regulating and operating the slides by the keys substantially as
and for the purpose described.
5. The arrangement of letters, figures and stops and other required signs in several
rows, either in a plane or in the circumference of a cylinder to which a horizontal and
also rotary movement is given.
6. The arrangement of the slides in two sets moving at right angles to each other
substantially as described and illustrated with reference to Fig. 11.
7. In place of the said slides, the system of pulleys, alternately attached on the
frame and on the keys or on movable slides or levers actuated by the keys with a
cord or cords passing over the pulleys and transferring the desired motion from the
keys to the sign-cylinder or plane, all substantially as illustrated and described with
reference to Figs. 13 and 14.
S. The system of transferring the said motion or motions by means of water or
other fluid from a reservoir placed above or below the keys, and influenced by
pistons on the keys, substantially as illustrated and described with reference to
Figs. 14 and 15,

page_text: 9. The device for transferring the motion to the bar B consisting of the axle C and
bar D operated by means of the bar E in connection with the keys, substantially as
illustrated and described with reference to Fig. 1. Also the modifications thereof in
connection with the sign-cylinder, substantially as illustrated and described with
reference to Figs. 11, 12, 12" and for the purpose set forth.
10. The mechanism for operating the paper and the frame carrying the same from
the motion of the keys substantially. as illustrated and described with reference to
Figs. 1, 2, 6 and 7.
11. The novel details of construction and arrangement of parts substantially as
herein described and illustrated and for the purposes set forth.