IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS;
Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL
WHOM TH SE PRESEN
SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
MACERONI, of Saint James' Square, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREASHer presentmost Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, byHerLet-
ters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Twenty-seventh day of September, in the third year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Francis
Maceroni, his exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her especial licence, that I, the said
Francis Maceroni, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Francis Maceroni, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of." IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS; " in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Francis Maccroni,
by an instrument in writing, under my hand and seal, particularly to describe
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, andin what manner the same is
to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said recitéd Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
Francis Maceroni, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to
consist in a steam boiler or steam generator, formed by a new arrangement of
numerous tubes connected together in such manner that the fire may be
surrounded by water contained in the said tubes, while the various connections
of the said tubes are better protected than heretofore from the action of the
fire, my object being to combine, lightness with strength and freedom from
danger in case of the breaking or rupture of any part of the boiler, and at
the same time to obtain a beneficial arrangement for the water contained
therein to appropriate to itself the heat generated in the fireplace; and I effect
this by the new and peculiar arrangement of vertical and horizontal tubes herein
after described, and which tubes are surrounded by suitable cases, to, prevent
heat being lost by radiation. And in further compliance with the said proviso, I,
the said Francis Maceroni, do hereby describe the manner in which my said
Invention is to be performed by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In Drawing No. 1, Figure 1 is an external and perspective view of one of
iny boilers, in its boiler case, A. being the fire door, and B being a shoot or
hopper for dropping in fuel upon the fire within the boiler. C'is alid or top
which opens by means of hinges placed inside or outas occasion may require. I
is the opening where I prefer applying the blast, and J, J, two other openings
through which the ashes may be removed when the blower is not in action.
Figure 2 is a perspective view of my boiler after the top E, and the
double side F, and the partly double front G, which form three. sides of
the boiler case (see Figure 1), are removed to exhibit my. arrangement of
tubes, part of which are liorizontally placed, and part vertically, as here shewn,
The fuel and fire rest upon the horizontal tubes L, L, L, which in this case I.
use instead of the ordinary fire bars, and the fire is fed and regulated through
the rectangular space left between the letters K, K, K, K. The ashes and
other products of combustion fall into the ashpit M, M. N, Nexhibit part
of the casing, which may be made of any suitable material, and either single or
double. N exhibits the bottom of the same casing. At O the water from the
engine feed-pump is supplied, and at O¹ the water from the hand pumps may
be supplied as may be required: P, P, are the guage cocks, blow cocks, or
try cocks, the proper water line which I use being between them. I have
represented the water line, by. red dots Q, Q.
Figure 3 is a geometrical view of the front of the boiler; the double line

page_text: which boundthe Figures represent the position of the inner casing for prevent-
ing radiation.
Figure 4 is a gcometrical view of the back of the same when the whole of
the case (Figure 1) is removed.
Figure 5 is a section from front to back of the boiler taken at the red line
shown at R, R, R, (Figures 2, 3, and 4).
Figure 6 is an irregular section taken across near the middle of the fire-
place at the red line S, S, (Figure 5).
Figure 7 is a plan of the fire bar tubes L, L, L, the front being at O and O¹
(as in Figure 2). T, T, T, show tho holes from which spring the vertical
connections.
Figure 8 is a plan or horizontal section of the boiler, taken a little below the
water line.
Figure 9 represents the plan of a plate of iron, of which I use several.
between the various compartments of my boiler, a little below the water line;
similar plates will be seen at V, V, (Figure 8). These plates serve to prevent
the loss of heat and the intense heat of the fire from infringing too much on
such parts of the tubular or cylindrical compartments as are full of steam;
these plates are inserted elgewise between the said compartments, and when
there, turned into a horizontal position and fixed. I prefer making the tubes,
both the upright and the horizonta! ones, four inches in diameter, of the best
"charcoal plate," one-eighth part of an inch thick. The spherical ends ofthese
tubes are formed by rivetting in a cap of iron plate, so that one end of the
rivets shall always be in water, which will effectually prevent their burning
out; this is shewn at X, X, (Figures 5 and 6). The fire bars of my boiler,
instead of being solid, as is the case with other boilers, are formed with
suitable tubes of about two inches diameter, laid at the distance of about
one inch from each other, as shewn on the plan, Figure 7. This plan
of having tubes constantly filled with water for fire bars tends to prevent
the formation of clinkers, and also their burning out or bending with the
weight of the fuel, and as the mass of heated coke rests upon these tubes they
must consequently give forth a quantity of steam; the fire is thus encompassed
with water in tubes on all sides. I fill my boiler with water about two thirds
This is essentially
of its height, so that there is plenty of steam room.
necessary, as, where there is not sufficient steam room, the steam being
confined in the water until it is taken from the boiler, comes off in the state
of what is technically called "damp steam" or "priming"; this damp steam
or priming is guarded against and prevented by a large quantity of steam
room, and clear surface of water for its escape or separation. I prefer (

page_text: order more effectually to guard against accidents) having two safety valves,
the situation of which are shewn at Y, Y, (Figure 2); these safety valves
are constructed in the common method, and are kept shut by a lever and
spring; the steam pipe is inserted at Z, (Figures 4 and 5) or from one or
more of any of the upper compartments. I have no chimney to my boiler,
my object being to confine and keep in the heat as much as possible, consis-
tently with the necessary supply of oxygen gas; for this purpose I cover in
the boiler all round with two casings of plate iron, with a small space between
each, and I construct these casings in such manner that upou first lighting
the fire I can withdraw, lift up, or slip back a part of the top of the casing, as
shewn at U (Figure 1), which is shut again as soon as the fire shall have
burnt up.
In Drawing No. 2 is represented another arrangement of tubes on the
same principle, but whereby I am enabled to add to my boiler at pleasure,
or to take away any part to be mended without thereby rendering the remaining
parts of the boiler unuseable as a boiler, the remaining parts (when any
single compartment or series of tubes, such as shewn at Figure 12, is removed)
consituting a complete boiler, while the particular kind of connections shewn
in this boiler vary from those shown in Drawing No. 1. In this Drawing
No. 2, Figure 10 is a front view of the vertical and horizontal tubes, showing
the opening left for the firing. a, a, are short hollow pipes with screws cut
on the outside, as shewn onthe enlarged view; 61,61,arealso hollowpipesused
for connections at the top of the boiler; c¹, c', are connections for the vertical
tubes; d¹ is a screwed nut, which is run down on c', as shewn in section on
Figure 15.
Figure 11 is a plan of the fireplace and lower portion of the boiler. 1, 21, 11,
are the small tubes, which are here employed instead of fire bars; m¹, m³,m',
are short pieces of pipe, which have female screws in the inside, into which
the tubes 1, 1, 11, are screwed, an arrangement necessary for removing or
repairing these fire bars without dismembering the boiler.
Figure 12 is a view of a vertical part of the boiler, which by its bottom
screw connections a¹, al, can be inserted and fixed into the lower portionofthe
boiler t,,, Figure 11.
Figure 13 is a view of the vertical back part of the boiler, with the cylin
drical compartments vertically arranged, which, by the bottom screws, can be
inserted and fixed into the back of the lower portion of the boiler t, t
(Figure 11.)
Figure 14 represents a vertical transverse mid-section of part of the boiler
(taken at the line y, g, Figure 11.

page_text: Figure 15 is a section of the connections at the top of the vertical tubes of
the boiler. p, p, p, (Figures 10, 13, and 14) represent horizontal steam tubes,
which pass along the upper part of the boiler; from front to back of these
there may be one or more, and I connect them with each other, and one, two,
or more of them may be connected to each of the vertical sets or lamina (such
as Figure 12); on any one or more of these horizontal tubes I connect the
steam pipe or pipes and safety valves. The supply of water here may be
pumped in as in the first boiler, described on Drawing 1, or at any part of the
lower portion of the boiler, and in both cases it will be seen the connections
are such as to cause communication all through the boiler.
Figure 16 is a sketch of the manner I unite the horizontal compartments
or steam chambers ce, ce, ce, next and immediately above the vertical com-
partments (Figures 10, 12, 13, 14), by which the laminae of the boiler are
kept together. is a horizontal flat band or bar of iron, which runs along
at each end of the horizontal compartments e, a, e; S, S, S, are screws
which are passed through the bars r, r, and screwed into the ends of cylinders
æ, æ, æ.
Now whereas I claim as my Invention the two new and particular forms
of boilers or steam generators herein-before described, in both of which I am
enabled to form the fireplace wholly of cylinders and tubes filled with water,
and in the last-described of which I am enabled to remove portions for repairs
without interfering with the general effect of the remaining portions as a
boiler, or to add portions to increase its power, while the particular arrange-
meut of the compartments in this latter gives greater protection from the fire
to the connections than the former. And such my Invention being, to the best
of my knowledge and belief, entirely new, and never before used within that
part of Her said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, Her said Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my Specification of the same, and that
I do verily believe this my said Specification doth comply in all respects, fully
and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso in the said herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore I hereby claim to maintain
exclusive right and privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Maceroni, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty.
FRANCIS (L.S.) MACERONI.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of March, in the
year of our Lord 1840, the aforesaid Francis Maceroni came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and speciñed, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
in the roar of our Lord One