SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS, AND ALSO A NEW METHOD OF INTRODUCING THE Car AR DURI INTO IT
Year: 1858

page_text: .SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS, AND ALSO A NEW METHOD OF INTRODUCING THE
Car
AR
DURI INTO IT"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION led by the said Charles Constant Joseph
Guffroy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 15th June 1858, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
CONSTANT JOSEPH GUFFROY, Merchant, of Lille, Town in the French Empire,
send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "A NEW SMOKE-
CONSUMING APPARATUS, AND ALSO A NEW METHOD OF INTRODUCING THE COAL OR
FUEL INTO IT," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have
made solemn declaration that I verily believe myself to be the true and first
Inventor thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Constant Joseph Guffroy, do
hereby declare that the following, Complete Specification under my hand and
seal fully describes and ascertains the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say:-
The new method after which I have constructed my stove is this, it is com-
posed of thin bars placed transversally on longitudinal beams; each bar is
subjected lengthways to the inequalities presented by the stove, so that I
obtain this lengthways all the cavities and projectures necessary. This
method of construction alone enables me to obtain transverse air holes, through
which jets of air coming from right and left seize the gases at the moment of
their formation in the layer of coke where they are to be consumed.
The Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 (First Plate) present different views of this con-
struction.
Figure is the front view, showing the outer appearance of the stove with
its doors at the base can be seen the exterior orifices of the troughs by which
coal is introduced, and also the hooks which are to support the handles of the
elevators. Figure 2 is a vertical section of the stove taken rather sideways,
shewing the plate which separates the door of the stove. Under this plate
the openings of the troughs are visible, and beyond the grate itself, with its
quadrangular hollows forming troughs, between which are the projecting
triangles, or air holes by which the inclined planes right and left are pierced.
At the extremity of the troughs are seen the inclined planes on to which the
elevators ascend.
Figure 3, longitudinal and vertical section by a.... b. Figure 2, or by the
middle of the troughs; the inclined plane which terminates each trough is also
visible.
Figure 4, vertical and transverse section of the stove; this Figure indicates
the four different positions of the elevators, and consequently the four different
positions of the, coal underneath the incandescent coke after its introduction.
Figure 5. view of a transverse bar; Figure 5. B, its section by o... e.... 11,
Figure 5. showing that the bars are subjected to a diminution like those
called lames de couteau."
Figure 6 is an elevator; Figure 7 is the shovel by means of which the
coal is introduced into the troughs.
Figure 8 (Plate Second) is an angular fire iron or poker with sharp end,]
which is used to raise the clinkers and remove the cinders by passing it
through all the length of the stove on the top of the angles.

page_text: la, a, a, a, are troughs or channels in which the coal is placed for introduc-
tion into the stove. For that part of the stove properly called the grate they
are formed by the assembling together of the transversal bars in the hinder
part under the plate d; each one is formed of a single piece of cast-iron, which
is the mouth by which the coal is introduced; this piece has a slide under each
of its extremities, which enters into the groove formed by the two beams
s.s", as indicated in Figure 3; a', a', a', a', are double inclined planes.
shelving on both sides, formed also by the union of the transverse bars, and
perforated transversally to admit outer air; b,,b, b', b', are the doors of the
stove, two double doors, one above the other, in order to admit less air when
extracting the clinkers, &c.; c. c, c, c, are transversal bars, the upper sides of
which are indented at certain distances, so that the entire surface of the grate
they compose presents alternative cavities where the coal is placed, and projec-
tures through which the burning air passes; d is an iron transverse plate,
the extremities of which are fixed into the lateral wall, and which separates
the grate from the doors; this iron plate forms roof over the orifices for the
introduction of the coal. This plate opposite the projecting angles of the
grate, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, is level with these angles, and forms the
continuation, whilst over the troughs it gradually descends to about the half of
the height of the inclined planes, so as to form a sloping roof above the troughs
from the front towards the back; d' are slides of the plate d, resting on the
sides of the foremost small troughs a, and forming their continuation upwards;
g is a loop hole, through which the stoker may ascertain the state of the
fire without opening the doors; h, h, are boilers; , cinders; 1, upper iron
plate fixed by its two extremities into the lateral walls, and resting in the
middle upon the support n; m, is the fire bridge of the stove; n, support of
the upper plate 1, cast all of one piece with the front of the apparatus;
p, p, p, p, are cast-iron inclined planes, placed upon the bottom of the troughs
towards their extremity at the base of the fire bridge, upon which the extremity
of the elevators slide in ascending; the raising of these latter raises the coal
under the layer of burning coke; if necessary, the inclined planes can have a
second rest or notch about half-way up, added to that already at the summit,
as indicated in Figure 3, to give facility for introducing the coal in two
separate quantities, and consequently more gradually and gently beneath the
burning coke; r, r, r, r, are hooks hanging before the orifice of each trough,
and destined to support and uphold the handles of the elevators at a con-
venient height, whilst they raise the coal. The hook chain might be replaced
by a ring chain fixed to the right or left of the mouth of the orifice, instead of

page_text: " is
over it, so that the handle of the elevator.might rest in the rings of the chain
at the height required; s, s, are longitudinal beams, supporting the transverse
bars which form the grate; one extremity is fixed in the wall of the fire bridge,
and the other rests upon the transversal beams; s', s", are transversal beams;
the first supports the extremities of the longitudinal beanis, and resis
against the bottom of the last transversal bar e, the top of which rests against.
the plate d. The two beams s', s", are fitted with grooves, into which
fit the slides of the foremost small troughs a, Figure 3; 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, are
tenons or the projectures of the bars: the first t, t. I, are situated at the
summit of the projecting angles, and the others t', ', ', on the three
sides of the troughs, through which the coal is fed, in which three sides
they completely close in. The thickness of these tenons separates the
bars and regulates the section of air holes, which are transversely placed on
the inclined planes a'. The lower tenons, which close the bottoms of the
troughs, can be set aside when it is necessary to place an iron plate on the
bottom of the troughs which reaches to the inclined plane, to facilitate
the sliding of the elevators. I place these tenons only on one side of the bars,
to avoid the irregularities which frequently result from the warping to which
they are exposed in various operations through which cast iron passes.
an oblong shovel of proportionate dimensions, which serves to convey the coal
into the troughs, by which the stove is fed; v, t, e, e, are elevators, by means
of which the stoker raises the fresh coal placed beforehand in the troughs to
the level of the grate under the burning coke. These elevators are formed by
two iron rods. three-eighths of an inch in width and five-eighths of an inch in
height. These two rods are joined together at the two extremities and in the
middle, Figure 3, by cross bars; the whole is covered by a thin plate of sheet
iron more or less perforated. z is a fire iron or poker, appropriated to the
angular form of the top of the grate. In the first plate, Figure 4, the coal
having been raised by the elevator, has spent its gas, become coke, and is
burning intensely, very little flame remains. The stoker then fills the irongh
as full as possible with fresh coal, and withdrawing the elevator, he slides it
underneath the coal he has just introduced, explained in Plate No. 2.
this position the coal is in contact on its upper surface with the incandescent
coke, and begins to throw off its gases, the combustion becomes animated, and
the flames abundant. In No. 3 the stoker has raised the coal half-way from
the trough, which being already partially consumed penetrates further and
further into the mass of burning coke; the flame becomes still more abundant,
and attains its maximum of intensity. In Plate No. 4, the coal has entirely
In

page_text: penetrated the mass of incandescent coke, where it finishes throwing off its
gases; the intensity of the. combustion, the brilliancy and abundance of the
flame, continues thus some time, but gradually weakens, and the fire is then
in the state represented in No. 1.
My method of introducing the coal or fuel into the stove is this:-The fuel
is introduced underneath the incandescent coke, which covers the grate by
incans of narrow, deep, fixed troughs, open on the top, and at one end slightly
narrowing towards the bottom, terminated at their extremity on the fire bridge
sides by an inclined plane. These troughs are fitted into the stove at certain
distances; being of the same length as the stove is, that their top is level with
the grate. A light plate is fixed to each trough, which I call an elevator, the
same width as the bottom of the trough, and the same length as the siove,
provided with apertures, and terminated by a handle, by which to manage and
support the troughs before filling with coal; the layer of burning fuel being on
a level with the grate, one of the extremities of which rests on the inclined
plane, and the other extremity, that is, the handle, on a movable hook, which
hangs opposite the outer orifice. When the elevator is in this position, the
trough is empty. The stoker fills it with fresh coal by means of an oblong
shovel, after which, withdrawing the elevator and introducing it under the coal
just placed, he pushes it along the bottom of the trough under the coal as far
as the inclined plane. If the stoker continues to push, the elevator ascends
the inclined plane, and raises at the same time the fresh coal, mixing it with
the incandenscent coke which lies on the surface. The portions of the stove
between the troughs are furnished with air holes, destined to support com-
bustion. These air holes or nozzles are formed by two inclined planes joined
at the top, and forming a triangle, through which the orifice is pierced
transversally.
My method of lighting the fire is this:-The stoker in the first place fills
the troughs with blocks of coal until they cover about half the transversal
apertures right and left; this done, he spreads the combustible matters with
which he intends lighting his fire over the layer of coal until it covers the
remaining half of the transversal apertures; he then sets light to it and shuts
the doors; then he slips the elevators under the coal in the troughs, and when
he sees that the combustible matters are ignited, he raises the elevators half-
way up the troughs in the first notch and the first hook, which operation
causes a small quantity of coal to fall upon the lighted combustible matters.
When this small quantity of coal has caught fire, he raises the elevators to
the second hook, which completely covers with coal the fire beneath, which

page_text: smoke.
Figures 9 and 10 present a longitudinal section of a modification, which is
indispensable in certain long stoves like those used in glass works, cementing
furnaces for steel, &c., which are three or four yards in length; these furnaces
being open at both ends, are considered as composed of two furnaces, placed
end to end, and the inclined plane elevators p. p. are placed in the middle,
either fixed to a brick fire bridge m, as in Figure 9, or by forming a double
inclined plane, as seen in Figure 10; in the last case the double inclined
plane is necessarily fixed into the bottom of the troughs to render it perfectly
secure.
In the Eleventh Figure is represented in a transversal section a systein
applicable to the furnace of a glass oven, which permits the entire changing of
the grate whilst the oven is in full operation; for this purpose the grate must
be placed right and left upon two longitudinal beams s, s. s. s, the topmost of
which is moveable by means of rollers upon the second, which is fixed. These
rollers placed at certain distances on the beam are either fixed to the upper
or under beams, as in Figure 11. In the first case the rollers fit into a groove,
which runs the whole length of the upper beam; in the second case, when
these rollers are fixed to the upper beam, they are hollowed out and roll on,
the lower beam, which is then of a convex form. The grate being thus con-
structed, it suffices when necessary to replace it, whilst the oven is in operation
to place at each end a sort of railway, the rails of which are of the same
length, and appear like a continuation of the under beams. This done, the
new grate is placed on the rails, on the side by which it is to be entered in
several lengths, and one at at time on new upper beams; then by employing
a certain force, and pushing horizontally, the old grate will be pushed out
at once, as the new enters at the opposite end. During this operation men
must be placed at the two extremities of the oven, some at the end, by which
the old grate is removed, in order to keep back the fire by pushing it towards
the oven, and others at the other end to bring it into the new grate. It is of
course necessary before commencing this operation to detach the slags, which
cause the grate to adhere to the wall of the oven. When the fuel used is
poor and of the nature of anthracite, as it produces no smoke, it is not
absolutely necessary to introduce it by the troughs, as before indicated.
The graie represented in Figure 12 may then be used instead of the troughs:
at the hottom of the inclined planes, are the openings, through which the cinders
fall. This sort of grate facilitates the combustion of a poor sort of coal,

page_text: especially if small. The two most obvious inconveniences in burning small
coal are, in the first place, its tendency to cake together, and thus exclude the
air; in the second place, it being subject to fall through with the ashes
without having been burnt. These difficulties are almost entirely raised
by my stove, firstly, by its inclined position, secondly, by the position and
size of the air holes.
My system is applicable also to raised furnaces by placing mouths for the
introduction of the fuel between the steps or degrees at different heights. The
result of this system is, that the smoky gas of the coal is forced by the direc-
tion of the draughts to enter to the burning coke in the grate, where it is con-
sumed partly between the two plates, which surmount the mouths of the
furnace, and partly in the mouths themselves. This sort of stove is represented
in Figure 13 and 14, Plate Second. Figure 13 is a vertical and longitudinal
section of the stove by c... d, Figure 14. Figure 14 is a transverse oblique
section by g. . . . h, Figure 13. a are feeding mouths and deposits for fresh
coal; a are the parts of the grate containing lighted coke, and where the
fulginous gas is consumed; a" is the lower part of the stove, forming the
funnel, whence descend the cinders, stones, clinkers, &c. This funnel or
receptacle for the slags, &c., has already been described in my Patent, under
date of the Seventh of June, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five. I
have, however, improved upon it, as I have now rendered it air-tight, doing
away with the lower openings, and by means of its doors b, b; thus, instead of
being a place for combustion, it becomes an air-tight stove. care plates of
sheet iron, forming the steps or degrees of the furnace; they rest at each end
on narrow projectures, which are fastened to the back mantle of the boiler.
These projectures are visible in a transverse section, and in full lines in
Figure 14, also in a longitudinal section, Fig. 13.; h are boilers.
In the Drawings a boiler divides the grate into two parts, and joins the
copper at the top and bottom behind the funnel a". s is a support, fixed to
the mantle of the boilers supporting the upper mantle of the funnel. The
working of this stove is easy; it is only necessary for the stoker to keep
feeding with fresh coal as soon as the last has caught fire.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that 1 claim as of my said
Invention,-
First, the manner of constructing the grate of transversal bars.
Second, the introduction of the coal by means of troughs, inclined plaues,

page_text: Third, the combination of the means above, mentioned, which form
smoke-consuming stove, furnace, or apparatus.
Fourth, the manner of establishing the transversal grate upon rollers,
epresented, Figure 11.
Fifth, the manner of introducing the coal through the raised grate.
In witness, whereof, I, the said Charles Constant Joseph Guffroy, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
F. BRIGNOL.
CHARLES CONSTANT JOSEPH GUFFROY. (L.s.)