DRESSING YARNS FOR WEAVING BY MEANS OF A NEW AND USEFUL MACHINE, NEVER BEFORE KNOWN OR USED WITHIN THESE REALMS
Year: 1806

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, QUINTIN
MCADAM, Manufacturer, in Anderston, near the City of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanierk, in that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called Scotland.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-sixth day of March, in the forty-sixth year of His reign,
did give and grant unto me, the said Quintin McAdam, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, His special licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Quintin M° Adam, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my new-invented method of "DRESSING YARNS FOR
WEAVING BY MEANS OF A NEW AND USEFUL MACHINE, NEVER BEFORE KNOWN OR
USED WITHIN THESE REALMS;" in which Letters Patent there is contained a
proviso obliging me, the said Quintin McAdam, under my band and seal, to
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is performed, to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of

page_text: Chancery within one calendar month next and immediately after the date
of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, relation being
thereunto had, may more fully. and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Quintin McAdam, in compliance with
the said proviso in the said Letters Patent contained, and the purport and
true intent and meaning thereof, and of His Majesty's said most gracious
intentions, do, by this Instrument in writing under my hand and seal, duly
executed, describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, as follows; that is to say :-
The object of dressing yarn of every kind is to add to its strength and
smoothness; and the more effectually the substance used can be incorporated
with the fibres of which the yarn is composed, the more perfect will be the
operation. In the process now to be specified and described two operations,
different from any in practice, are used for this purpose,-first, in order to
free the yarn from all substances which may prevent or retard the incorporation
of the dressing with the fibres of the yarn, the warp, after being rolled or
wound upon a roller of tinn'd iron or any other convenient substance,. is
thoroughly boiled, and afterwards, a rapid rotatory motion being communicated
to the roller, the centrifugal force will discharge so much of the water which
has been imbibed by the yarn as will leave it in a proper state to receive the
dressing, in which state the warp to be dressed is applied to the dressing
machine. Secondly, when the yarn has been supplied with a sufficient
quantity of the dressing substance, by a process to be afterwards described,
the whole is thoroughly brushed, so as to make the dressing incorporate with
the yarn, and also to smooth the surface by means of cylindrical brushes
revolving upon their own axes; by which means, as the brush is in constant
contact with the surface of the yarn, a much greater quantity of brushing is
obtained in equal time, and with equal velocity, than by any process of
brushing hitherto practised, where nearly one half of the time is lost in lifting
and returning the brush; consequently the operation is rendered both more
speedy and more effectual. Upon these principles the machine which I shall now
proceed to describe has been constructed, and found upon trial to answer the
purpose intended. It will be obvious, however, to every intelligent mechanic,
that the mode of constructing the machine, and combining the various motions
required, may be casily varied, according to the fancy of the maker, without in
the least deviating from the general principles of its operation or altering its
effect.
The mode of constructing the machine will appear by referring to the two
to thin desovintion the various posts of which

page_text: are explained by the marginal reference. Figure First is an elevation, and
Figure Second a ground plan. The motions are communicated in the following
manner: The belt from the drum No. 15 communicates the motion to the
fast and loose pullies No. 19, the drum being moved by any sufficient
power on the axle of the pullies No. 19; the pinion a moves the wheel b, which
gives motion to the two wheels c, c, on the axles of the two roller brushes, and
which consequently drive the brushes. The shaft No. 10, with the bevel
wheels d, d, d, move the brush with which they are connected on the other
end of the machine, and the connection is continued to the remaining brush by
the wheels e, e, c. The pinion f communicates motion to the wheel g, on the
axle of the receiving beam, by the intermediate connecting wheels represented
in the elevation, Figure First. The pinions h, h, on the axles of the rollers
No. 17, move the wheels i, i, and give motion to the paste rollers No. 8.
The two fanners No. 7, 7, on each end of the machine, are connected by a
small belt or band, which gives motion from the one to the other, the yarn or
warp being wound from the cope or bobbin upon one or more beams or
cylinders of tin plate or other convenient substance. These cylinders are then
immersed in boiling water, to which, if thought proper, a quantity of flour or
starch may be added, and are kept there until the whole body of yarn on the
cylinders is thoroughly impregnated with the water and starch or flour,
commonly called sizing or papping. They are then taken out, and a quick
rotatory motion on their own axes is applied to throw out the superfluous water
or sizing which they have received, leaving only a sufficient quantity to fit them
for the subsequent operations. The beams are then placed in the machine,
and the threads which compose the warp are passed through the reeds and
heddles, or twisted to any former yarn or warp that may remain in the
machine, in the mode commonly practised by weavers. The boxes in which
the paste rollers No. 3 revolve being then filled with dressing or paste, as used
by weavers, the machine may be set to work. The yarn, passing from the
beams over the paste rollers No. 3, is supplied by them with dressing or paste,
the quantity of which is regulated by a scraper on the said roller, and is
brushed into the warp by passing over and in contact with the first roller
brush. It is then partly dried by the first fanners, and in this state receives
an additional and complete brushing from the second roller brushes. It is
then completely dried by the second fanners and rolled upon the receiving
beam, which completes the operation, the yarn during the operation being
kept in a proper. degree of tension by the friction of a cord or belt passing
round the beams No. 1, 1, to which is attached a sufficient weight. The

page_text: motion of all the roller brushes is in a contrary direction to the motion of the
yarn, passing from the beans No. 1, 1, on which it has been boiled, to the
receiving beam No. 2. The business. of the person attending the machine is
to keep the warp in proper order, to tie any threads which may be occasionally
broken, and to take care that the warp receives the necessary wind from the
fanners, sufficient to render it thoroughly dry. The motion communicated to
the fanners being distinct from that of the other parts of the machine, may be
stopped as occasion requires, and consequently more or less fanning may be
applied, as found expedient.
To the special description above written I beg leave to add the following
general remarks. The brushes No. 5, below the roller brushes, are placed in
contact with them, for the purpose of spreading and clearing the bristles.
The fanners No. 7, 7, 7, 7, for drying the yarn, revolve on their own
axles, and are driven by a belt communicating motion from the main drum
No. 15 to the pullies No. 9. They may be stopped at pleasure by shifting
the belt from the fast to the loose púllies. The reeds Nos. 8, 8, 8, 8, between
the roller brushes are used for the purpose of keeping the warp clear
and separate, one or two threads, as convenient, passing through each split or
dent. If two, they ought to be divided by a rod passing across, and the reeds
should lie in a sloping direction on the brushes. The horizontal shaft No. 10,
with the bevel wheels d, d, d, d, communicate the motion from one roller
brush to another, as represented in Figure Second. The rollers No. 17 are
moved by the friction of the yarn passing over them, and communicate a
contrary motion to the paste rollers No. 3; or the wheels and pinions on the
ends of these rollers No. 3 and 17 may be kept out, and the rollers made to
move along with the threads by the pressure of the yarn without any wheels
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them.
As I have already stated, the motions and combinations of this machine
may be easily varied, without changing its principles or effects. If preferred,
the receiving beam No. 2, instead of being placed as represented in the
elevation, may be placed above the machine, as shewn by the dotted lines in
Figure First. The quantity of motion communicated to the receiving beam
may be varied at pleasure by changing the pinion f, or any other of the
pinions; or the same effect may be produced by conical pullies driven by a
belt or belts. The connections may also be made by shafts with bevel wheels,
in place of the spur wheels, &c. forming the connection between fand g, or the
motion to the receiving beam No. 2, may be communicated by an endless screw.
These deviations must, however, be left entirely to the fancy and choice of the

page_text: maker. In all of them, if properly planned and executed, the effects will be
perfectly similar.
Jn witness whereof, I, the said Quintin McAdam, have hereunto. set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and six.
JOHN MILLER EWING,
Of Glasgow, Notary Public.
Andrew Mitchell, of the City of Glasgow, in that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called Scotland, Notary Public, and
John Richardson, of Fludyer Street, in the City of Westminster, Gentleman,
severally make oath and say; and first, the said Andrew Mitchell, for himself,
saith, That on the Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and six, he did see Quintin M° Adam, of Anderston,
near the City of Glasgow, aforesaid, Manufacturer, sign, seal, and as his act
and deed in due form of law deliver, a certain Deed Poll or Instrument in
writing, bearing date the said Twenty-second day of April, and at the same
time subscribe his name to the Drawing therein mentioned and referred to, in
the presence of this Deponent, and John Miller Ewing, of the said City of
Glasgow, Notary Public; and that the names "Quintin M° Adam," appearing
to be set and subscribed to the said Deed Poll or Instrument in writing, as
the party executing the same, and subscribed to the said Drawing therein
mentioned and referred to, and "Andrew Mitchell," and "John Miller Ewing,"
set and subscribed to the said Deed Poll or Instrument in writing, as
Witnesses to the execution thereof, are of the respective proper handswriting
of the said Quintin McAdam, this Deponent, and the said John Miller Ewing;
and the said John Richardson, for himself, saith, That on the Twenty-fifth
day of the said month of April, he did receive the above mentioned Deed Poll or
Instrument in writing, and the Drawing therein mentioned and referred to, by
the Post, and on the same day left the said Deed Poll and Drawing at the
Chapel of the Rolls in the High Court of Chancery, to be there inrolled of
Record as and for the Specification of the said Quintin M° Adam, of his

page_text: Invention, for which he obtained Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date the Twenty-
sixth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and six.
son, at the Chancery Public Office,
this Twenty-sixth day of April, 1806,
before me,
A. POPIAM.
Sworn by the Deponent, Andrew
Mitchell, at the City of Glasgow,
aforesaid, this Twenty-ninth day of
April, in the year of our Lord Eight-
teen hundred and six, before me,
JOHN HAMILTON.
To all to whom these Presents shall come, I, John Hamilton, Esquire,
Lord Provost and Chief Magistrate of the City of Glasgow aforesaid, do
hereby certify and attest, that on the day of the date hereof personally came]
and appeared before me Andrew Mitchell, one of the persons named in and
subscriber of the Affidavit on the preceding page written, being a person well
known and of good credit, and to whose testimony faith is and ought to be
given; and by solemn oath which he took before me on the Holy Evangelists
of Almighty God, did testify and depose to be true the several matters and
things sworn to by him in the said Affidavit. In faith and testimony whereof
I have hereunto set my hand, and have caused the Incorporation Seal of
the said City to bo hereunto put and affixed at Glasgow aforesaid, this
Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and six.

page_text: The above written Deed Poll, dated the Twenty-second day of April, One
thousand eight hundred and six, was delivered into the Office for inrollment
on the Twenty-fifth day of the same month of April, and the said Affidavit on
the Third day of May following.