Improvements in Apparatus for Charging Liquids with Gases.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Aug., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Apr., 1892-Accepted, 28th May, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Charging Liquids with Gases.
I, JAMES HUGHES MINTO of 32 Robarts Road, Anfield in the County of
Lancaster, Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has for its object a machine or apparatus whereby a liquid can be
easily saturated with gas a little at a time, and that exactly in proportion as the
liquid is drawn off, so shall other liquid, to some extent charged with gas, take its
place, and be subjected to the gas, both while taking its place and afterwards.
This I effect by causing the gas to bubble through a small amount of liquor at a
time, and thence into a chamber above having a perforated ceiling, rose or its
equivalent through which the liquid can enter, the liquid being prevented from
entering so long as the desired depth of liquor is already in the vessel. This
automatic regulation is effected by having a separate connection between the
chamber below and the air space above the liquor in the reservoir, this connection
being so arranged that it is cut off by the liquid whenever it rises to a given point
in the lower chamber. The pressure of gas then above the liquor in the lowest
chamber prevents the liquor from filling it from the rose or the perforated bottom
of the upper chamber. When, however, any liquor is withdrawn from the lower
chamber, the connection between the gas or air space is renewed, and the liquor
immediately falls in a shower from the rose or perforated bottom or series of
bottoms of the upper chamber, passing in a fine shower through the gas.
The liquid which comes down in a shower in this manner is found to be far better
charged with gas, than the original liquor through which the gas had to bubble up
when first charging the machine. When the upper reservoir is empty, the gas can
be let off, and the liquid allowed to run in until it is full again, or liquid can be
continuously or intermittently pumped into this upper chamber, the pumping being
regulated by hand or automatically by means of a float as is the case in ordinary
steam boilers. In some cases, however, I may have a third chamber above the
upper reservoir, separated from the latter by a perforated plate, and a valve in a
non-perforated bottom above the second perforated plate. In such case, this new
chamber alone requires to have the gas withdrawn from it when filling or requires
the liquor to be pumped into it, the flow from it into the main reservoir being
regulated by the valve.
L
At 1001
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Charging Liquids with Gases.
I, JAMES HUGHES MINTO of 32, Robarts Road, Anfield, in the County of
Lancaster, Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention has for its object a machine or apparatus whereby a liquid can be
saturated with gas in a much simpler and more effective manner than has hitherto
been done.
In this system of aëration, the liquid is saturated with gas a little at a time, and

page_text: •
that exactly in proportion as the liquid is drawn off, so that other liquid, to some
extent charged with gas, takes its place, and is subjected to the gas, both while
taking its place and afterwards.
This effect by causing the gas to bubble through a small amount of liquid at a
time, and thence into a vessel having a perforated ceiling, rose or its equivalent,
through which the liquid can enter from an upper chamber or reservoir, the liquid,
however, being prevented from entering so long as the desired depth of liquid is
already in the vessel. This automatic regulation is effected by having a separate
connection between the vessel below and the gas space above the liquid in the upper
chamber or reservoir, this connection being so arranged that it is cut off by the
liquid whenever it rises to a given point in the lower chamber.
*The invention is best described by aid of the accompanying drawings, in
which :-
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the apparatus having two cylinders.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of the apparatus constructed with three cylinders.
Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 are enlarged views of parts of the apparatus.
Referring to Figure 1-
A, is the upper chamber; A' the lower chamber, and the tube forming the
separate connection between the chamber below and the gas space above the liquid
in the upper chamber. Gas is admitted into the lower chamber through the nozzle a
and rose a¹, and fills both chambers to the required pressure for bottling, the pipe
enabling the pressure in the two chambers to be equalised. The liquid is pumped
in at B, and falls through the perforated plate B₁ into the upper chamber and
thence through the finely perforated plate B2 in the form of spray into the lower
chamber where it collects. As soon, however, as it rises to a sufficient height to
cover the bottom of the tube b, the communication between the gas in the upper
and lower chambers is closed by the liquid. The gas accumulating in the lower
chamber, therefore, prevents the liquid from descending through the perforated
plate B2, and the water is held suspended in the upper chamber. When, however,
any liquid is withdrawn from the lower chamber through the pipe 133, the connection
between the gas in the two chambers is re-established and the liquid immediately
descends from the perforated plate B2 in a fine shower through the gas.
The liquid which comes down in a shower in this manner is found to be far better
charged with gas than the original liquid through which the gas had to bubble up
when first charging the machine.
In point of fact three saturations are obtained:
1st. When the water entering at the top passes through the gas in the chamber A
to the plate B²;
2nd. When it descends in the form of spray to the bottom of chamber A';
and
3rd. When the gas entering at the bottom bubbles up through it.
The above description relates to machines which have the liquid continuously or
intermittently priimped into the upper chamber, the pumping being regulated by
hand or by power.
When the pump is not used, the gas is discharged through the
valve C when the upper chamber is empty, in order to allow the liquid to run in
until it is full again.
In some cases, I have a third chamber C¹ (Figure 2) separated from the second
chamber by a perforated plate C2 and a valve D. In such case, this third chamber
only requires to have the gas withdrawn from it when refilling with liquid, which is
a great saving. The flow of liquid into the main chamber A is regulated by the
valve D. The mode of action is similar to the preceding example, but in the
present case there are four saturations of the liquid with gas. In order to still
further reduce the waste of gas when the machine is worked intermittently or
without a pump, place a valve D' on the top chamber (Figure 2) which is actuated
as follows:
1
The bottom part d has two small passages d' (Figure 6) which connect the
space d' under piston E with the gas in the top chamber. The pressure of gas

page_text: aided by spring e keeps the valve F₁ closed. F is the liquid supply pipe, c¹ the gas
eduction pipe, the gas eduction valve. If the pressure of gas is say 80 pounds,
and the water from the main 40 pounds, and it is required to fill the chamber Ci
with water, the valve D is closed, the stop valve c is opened, and the gas escapes
through the gas eduction pipe c¹ until the pressure of water on the top of piston E
overcomes the combined pressures of the remaining gas, and of the spring e, thereby
automatically opening the water valve F and closing the gas valve e. The water
then flows into the top chamber along the pipe el and the stop valve e can be closed,
when the chamber is filled to the required height.
I do not limit myself to using one regulating tube or to any given number of
perforated plates, as, under some circumstances, it may be necessary to use
more.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The method of aërating liquids which consists in saturating the liquid with
gas a little at a time, and that exactly in proportion as the liquid is drawn off, so
that other liquid, to some extent charged with gas, takes its place and is subjected
to the gas both while taking its place and afterwards.
2. The improvement in apparatus for charging liquids with gases, namely, forming
such apparatus of a vessel (having a perforated floor, walls, ceiling or rose) into
which the gas is caused to bubble through a small amount of liquid at a time, and
of one or more chambers above from which the liquid can descend in a shower,
through the gas in the vessel below, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
3. The use, in combination with apparatus of the kind described, of means
whereby the liquid is held suspended in the upper chamber so long as the desired
depth of liquid is already in the lower chamber, while such means allow of the
connection between the two chambers being re-established when any liquid from the
lower chamber is withdrawn, substantially as described.
4. The use, in combination with an apparatus for charging liquids with gases, of
a valve for regulating the water supply thereto, in which the difference in pressure
(on each side of the piston E) between the gas contained in such apparatus (with or
without that of a weight or spring) and the pressure of the water supply opens or
closes the water admission valve F', substantially as described.
5. The general combined arrangement or construction of parts forming the
improved apparatus for charging liquids with gases, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 22nd day of April 1892.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of Liverpool, Manchester, Nottingham, and London, Patent Agents.