Year: 1888

page_text: FREDERIK ARNOLD HOLLEMAN, of Oisterwyk, in the Kingdom of the Netherlands,
Holland, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This said invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in railway air-
brakes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description.
of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to
make and use the same reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to
letters and figures of reference marked therein, similar letters indicating like parts
throughout.
Reference being had to the drawings. Fig. 1. is a sectional elevation of the valve
casing shewing the valve in its normal position. Fig. 2. is a cross section taken on
the line X X of Fig. 1. Fig. 3. is a sectional elevation shewing the position of the
valve when the brake is applied with moderate speed. Fig. 4. is a sectional elevation
shewing the position of the valve when the brake is applied with full speed. Fig. 5
is a sectional plan shewing the position in which my invention is applied with respect
to the brake cylinder. Figs. 6, 7 & 8 are sectional elevations of a modified form of
my invention applicable to compressed air-brakes and shewing the valve in its several
positions viz. in its normal position and during moderate and full speed braking
respectively. Fig. 9. is a cross section taken in the lines XX, and Fig. 10 is an
alternative cross section taken on the same line. Fig. 11 is a cross section through the
three-way tap shewing the three air ways.
:
This invention consists in the combination with the main and auxiliary reservoirs,
the brake cylinder and their connections, of a controlling valve interposed in said
connections, and in the construction of said valve substantially as hereinafter fully
described and set forth in the claims.
In the drawings, A refers to the valve casing constructed of metal and having its
ends internally screwed to receive the screwed flanges & of the covers B and B which
are also formed with the flanges b¹.

page_text: The cover B has suitably screwed into it a pipe (which is in connection with the
main air-pipe. To the cover B¹ is also connected the pipe which establishes com-
munication with the brake apparatus.
Inside the valve casing afore-described, is the valve D consisting of a metallic or
other cylinder which is adapted to move freely in a longitudinal direction. Said valve
has a division d, dividing the valve D into two chambers, one of them being con-
nected with the main, the other with the brake apparatus; to the one side of this
division is suitably hinged the valve D' adapted to close the opening d.
Suitably attached to the upper side of the valve casing A, is a casing E which
contains a valve E' consisting of a suitably shaped piece of metal or other material,
and which is adapted to travel freely from end to end of the casing E aforesaid.
A stud or pine is screwed or otherwise attached to the underside of the valve E' in
such a manner that it projects through and is free to travel in a slot a formed
in the valve casing A, and enters into a suitable aperture in the periphery of the
valve D.
By means of this stud or pin the valves D and E' are connected in such a manner
that the movement of the one is identical with the other.
The casing E has an aperture e¹ being situated above an aperture a² in the valve
casing A. There is also an aperture a formed in the periphery of the valve D and
which aperture is situated immediately beneath the aperture e in the valve E¹.
Suitably attached at one end to the valve E, is a flat spring e³ which bears against
the upper part of the casing E, and which spring serves, when the valve D is in its
normal position, to exclude dust, and foreign matter from entering the casing E.
A spiral spring which is in compression between the valve D, and the casing A,
serves to press each valve outwards, and hold it in its normal position as shewn
in Fig. 1.
In order to protect the apparatus from dust occasioned by the motion of the train,
I have provided a fine wire gauze or other suitable material F, which envelopes the
casing A and is attached thereto by means of the elastic or other flexible bands f,
which fit into grooves formed around the periphery of the flanges 7¹.
As a further security against dust and dirt the whole apparatus may be enclosed
and suitably secured in a metal box G, having openings g¹, g, in its ends G¹, G³, for
the admittance of air.
The main pipe C³ may also be provided with a piece of gauze f¹ Fig. 5 at its
juncture with the valve apparatus and which gauze serves to strain the small
quantity of incoming air of all impurities, thus saving the wear and tear of the
valve.
The operation of this my improved valve is as follows:-
The position of said apparatus when in operation is between the brake apparatus
and the main air-pipe Fig. 5. By means of an ejector upon the engine the air is for
the most part drawn from the main pipe which by reason of the valves D', D³, Fig. 5,
a vacuum is created and retained in the casing A, the top and the bottom of the
brake-apparatus and in the vacuum vessel D³ as shewn in Fig. 5. The valve D is
pressed and retained in position by the spring d.
When it is desired to operate the brakes, air is admitted into the main C and into
the pipe in any suitable and well known manner, and the valve D, together with
the valve E, is thereby moved towards the cover B₁, against the pressure of the
spring do.
By this said movement a free air passage is formed through the apertures a², a, €2
and el, thus opening a passage through which air may enter the braking apparatus
independently of the pipe C, as shewn in Fig. 3.
A further movement of the valve D, will establish a communication between the
apertures e and a¹ thus allowing air to enter the main pipe. This said further move-
ment is occasioned by suddenly opening the valve or other inlet in connection with
the main pipe C, to its full extent as shewn in fig. 4.
When the apparatus is wholly or partly filled with air so that equilibrium between
it and the brake cylinder is nearly established the spring presses the valve again

page_text: nto its normal position as shewn in Fig. 1, and the vacuum may then be reformed
in the apparatus by means of the ejector aforementioned as when brakes are released.
In Fig. 5, I have shewn a valve De aforementioned which consists essentially of a
tube and which fits freely into suitable inwardly projecting flanges d³ and having
formed at its lower end a solid piece of metal do, and the aperture d.
At the upper
:
end of the tube 2, is a screw collar screwed upon the tube d and which serves to
regulate the movement of the valve against the pressure of the spiral spring de coiled
around the flanges d³.
This said valve serves to allow air to escape freely from the brake-cylinder when a
vacuum is formed.
In the pipe D' I have shewn a three-way cock D³, shewn in cross section in Fig. 11.
By the employment of this cock, air may be admitted to the brake-cylinder to
release the brakes when by the detachment of two carriages the main communication
is broken.
When the plug of the tap D, is turned into the position shewn in Fig. 11, air can
enter the pipe D, and the vacuum in the reservoir D³ be turned off and consequently
saved.
In Figs. 6 to 10 I have shewn a modified form of my invention which is similar
in construction and in its operation to that aforementioned. It will, however be
observed that the valve D is reversed this being necessary when said invention is
applied to certain classes of compressed air-brakes at present in use.
In this form of my invention the valve E' is dispensed with and apertures for the
discharge of the compressed air are situated beneath the casing A as shewn at a¹ and a².
The operation of this form of my invention will be readily understood from the fore-
going, and it therefore needs no further description.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare what I
claim is
1st. In combination, the casing A consisting of a metallic or other cylinder having
apertures a, al for the admittance of air, of the valve casing E having an aperture el
and containing the valve E¹ adapted to slide in the casing E, of the flat spring attached
to the valve E and adapted to close the aperture e, the valve D, consisting of a
metallic or other cylinder having an aperture a² and a partition d, of the hinged
valve D¹, covering the opening d, in the partition d, the spring bearing against the
partition d, and the cover B' and serving to retain the valve D in its normal position,
of the pin e, connecting the valves D and E', of the covers B and B having flanges b
screwed into the casing A, also flanges & having flexible bands f, of the flexible bands,
of the gauze F, for straining the air, and of the casing G enclosing the valve apparatus,
all substantially as and for the purposes herein before set forth.
2nd. The modified form of my invention consisting of the casing A, valve D,
having a partition d, and hinged valve D₁, the spring and the covers B and B', alĺ
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore sot forth.
3rd. In combination with the brake cylinder of the valve D2, in the lower part of
the piston, and of the three-way cock situated upon the pipe D all substantially as
and for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the drawings hereunto
annexed.
Dated this Third day of October One thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight.