Improved Apparatus for Taking and Reproducing Animated Scenes and Sounds.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 11th Oct., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 5th July, 1899-Accepted, 11th Oct., 1899
Improved Apparatus for Taking and Reproducing Animated
Scenes and Sounds.
I, AUGUSTE BARON, of 10, Rue de l'Alma, Asnières (Seine), France, Photo-
grapher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a system of apparatus for recording animated scenes
and sounds simultaneously and for reproducing the same simultaneously.
The apparatus consists of two distinct parts which are so combined as to form
a whole for obtaining the above result. The one part consists of a chrono-
photographic apparatus for taking a series of photographs of the same moving
subject at very rapid intervals, while the other part consists of a phonograph
for recording and reproducing in a loud tone, the sounds emitted by the subject
during the operation of the chrono-photographic apparatus. The phonopraphic
apparatus is connected to the chrono-photographic apparatus by an electrical
apparatus whose movement is controlled by the driving wheel of said chrono-
photographic apparatus in such manner as to cause the two apparatus to move
together at the same speed, and during the reproduction by projection of the
subject photographed the movements will be represented synchronously with
the accompanying sounds so that the spectators will both see and hear the scenes
and sounds reproduced exactly as in reality.
My invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings
in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of the chrono-photographic apparatus.
Figure 2 is a plan of the chrono-photographic apparatus. Figure 3 is an eleva-
tion of the shutter mechanism. Figure 4 is a plan of the electro-motor. Figure 5
is a plan and Figure 6 a side elevation of the commutator. Figure 7 is an
elevation of the phonograph. Figure 8 is an end elevation of the frame and
rocking support of the phonograph diaphragm. Figure 9 shews a plan and
sectional elevation of the magazine for receiving the film and its winding
mechanism. Figure 10 is a perspective view of the entire apparatus. The same
letters of reference denote like parts in all the figures.
The chrono-photographic apparatus is mounted upon an iron frame which
supports a wood casing enclosing the whole of the mechanism and varying in
dimensions according to the size of the photographs.
As shewn in Figure 10 N is a removable magazine in which is contained the
spool of film whether sensitized or covered with positive pictures according as
the apparatus is used for taking or projecting the scenes. The magazine has

page_text: a sliding cover Nb which is drawn out when the magazine is mounted on the
apparatus. The film spool turns freely upon a spindle N which is mounted
in the sides of the magazine N. On leaving the magazine the film passes over
a guide roller L (Figure 1) and thence descends along a frame K and past the
aperture. The hinged shutter I in which is mounted a spring plate folds
against the frame K pressing the films by means of springs contained in boxes J.
On leaving frame K the film is wound upon a drum D (Figures 1 and 2) pro-
vided with pins d which enter perforations in the film and thence over a guide
roller L (Figure 1) to the magazine N¹ in which it is wound automatically.
The several movements of the apparatus are produced as follows:-
The fly wheel A H (Figure 2) which is rotated by hand or by an independent
motor, drives the wheel M which by means of pinion A G imparts motion to
the cam grooved wheel A. The pin drum D is fast on the shaft A E of a disc B
also fast on said shaft, whose sprockets b are successively engaged with the cam
groove A; that is to say at each revolution of cam A, a sprocket 6 enters the
inlet end a of the cam groove at same time that the preceding sprocket bis
caused to pass out at the inclined outlet a¹ of said groove, thus producing at every
revolution a forward. movement of disc B and consequently of the pin drum D
around which the film is carried, equal to the size of the photograph (0.02 centi-
metres in the present example). The in and out movement of the sprockets b
in the groove of cam wheel A corresponding to the movement of advance of
the film, occupies about. one-third of the circular movement of cam A; during
the other two-thirds the disc B, barrel D, and film are stationary, thus permit-
ting either of the impression of the image or of its projection on the screen.
The shaft A D (Figure 1) which receives rotary motion from wheel M by
means of pinion A G has keyed upon its opposite end a crank E which transmits
reciprocating motion through connecting rod F to the plate H to which the
shutter G is attached. The position of the crank E (Figure 3) upon shaft A.D
is rendered interchangeable by means of a screw E so as to enable the opening:
position of the sectional shutter plate G to be regulated to suit the stoppage of
movement of the film. The plate G is secured to the shutter carrier H by a
screw and nut G which is fitted to slide in a slot H in said carrier, so as to
enable it to take a position corresponding to that of the connecting rod, accord-
ing as and in proper relation to the purpose of the apparatus, whether for
taking or for projecting views. When taking views, the lens C is closed while
the photographing lens C is uncovered by the shutter one third of the time.
separating two images; on the other hand for projecting, both lenses are
covered alternately by the reciprocating movement of the shutter; it being
observed that, contrary to what occurs when taking the photographs, it is the
image-projecting lens C which should be uncovered for two thirds of the time
separating two images and the lens C₁ during only the last third of the time.
This arrangement has for object to replace, when the photographs are projected.
upon the screen, the dark interval corresponding to the closing of the shutter and
the changing of the image, by an interval of illumination, thus suppressing
sparking.
un-.
The automatic winding of the film on leaving the guide roller L1 (Figures 1
and 2) is effected by means of the toothed wheel M fast with the driving wheel M
and gearing with another toothed wheel A K upon the end of a shaft Af turning
freely in bearings 7 in which is also journalled the shaft A A of the driving
and fly wheels. The shaft A terminates in a split squared end with which
engages the flat end of the spindle O of magazine N¹ (Figure 2). The spindle O
traverses the magazine N¹ and carries upon its end a pressure spring Q and
regulating nut R (Figures 2 and 9) and upon said spindle O is fitted to turn
freely a sleeve O₁ upon which is fixed a disc P to which spring Q transmits
rotary motion by friction, the film attached to sleeve O being in this manner
wound up uniformly by the action of spring Q and adjusting nut R without
traction and only to the extent permitted by the feed of drum D.

page_text: The receiving magazine N¹ (Figures 1 and 2) is introduced into the casing
of the apparatus through the opening S, it being guided by a T-shaped part
fixed to its bottom, which is received in grooves T in the bottom of the frame.
The connection of the magazine spindle with shaft A is ensured by the small
spring stop S. The motion of the driving wheel M is imparted to a series of
wheels and pinions AC which serve to divide the motion and transmit it to
an exterior indicator A B which shews on a dial the length of film wound off,
the indicator A B being returned to zero at the commencement of each operation,
by slacking the tightening nut A F (Figures 2 and 10). Upon the rear side
of the casing is an aperture having a copper lining or bushing A¹ (Figures 1,
2, and 6) in which is screwed a bearing carrying the commutator pinion which
gears with the driving wheel M.
The iron framing which serves to support the before described apparatus is
composed of side frames X Y (Figures 1 and 2) united at bottom by the frame Z
which supports the bearing Z and grooved bars T and braced together at the
front by the plate W which carries the shutter G; the cross bar V which carries
the guide roller L'; the bar V₁ for supporting the delivery magazine N; and
the cross bars U U₁ which serve as bearings for shaft A D.
The second part of the apparatus consists of a loud-speaking phonograph whose
movement is synchronized with that of the chrono-photographic apparatus by
the following arrangement of mechanism:29 (Figure 10) indicates a group
of battery cells for the supply of the current by means of wire 30+ to a com-
mutator consisting of a copper ring 2 (Figure 6) screwing at A' on the front
side of the casing of the chromo-photographic apparatus (Figures 1 and 2). To
this ring 2 (Figure 6) is fixed an ebonite sleeve 3 containing a cylinder 5, also
of ebonite, which carries a copper ring G against which constantly bears the
contact attached to binding screw 7 (Figure 5) which traverses sleeve 3. The
ring 6 has an extension longitudinal of the ebonite cylinder 5 which latter is
fast on the spindle which passes through it and partakes in the rotary motion
imparted to pinion 1 by the bevel teeth on driving wheel M (Figure 6). During
this movement the extension on ring 6 comes successively in frictional contact
with the contacts connected to the sockets of terminals 81, 82, 83, by flexible
strips, so that the current which is constantly supplied at terminal 7 to ring 6
is distributed alternately to the electro-magnets 91, 92, 93, (Figure 4) in corre-
spondence with the speed imparted to the driving wheel M. The electro-mag-
nets 91, 92, 93, (Figures 4 and 7) are six in number and are placed in pairs around
the circumference of an armature 10 bearing studs 11, eight in number, which
are successively attracted by the poles 12 of the electro-magnets. The current sup-
plied by the commutator passes alternately by the wires 301, 302, 303, to the
electro-magnets 91, 92, 93, which in turn attract the contacts of armature 10 and
by means of springs 14 transmit the circular motion thus obtained to the fly
wheel 13 mounted on shaft 15. The object of the springs 14 is to counteract
the jerks which may be produced by the successive attractions of armature 10.
The current on its exit from the electro-magnets is returned to the battery by
the collecting wire 30º.
The entire electro-mechanism herein before described is contained within the
phonograph casing 32 (Figure 7). The shaft 15 projects up through the top
of said casing and upon its upper end is keyed a bevel toothed wheel 16 which gears
with two other similar wheels 17 and 18 of which wheel 17 imparts rotary motion
to the phonographic cylinder 19 while the wheel 18 imparts a forward movement
to the diaphragm carrier 22. The wheel 17 is fast on the axis on which is
mounted the sleeve which carries the phonographic cylinder 19, the said wheel
and its shaft being made removable to permit of inserting and changing the
phonographic cylinders. A small pivoted latch 28 engaging in a notch in a
ring 27 formed on wheel 17 serves to ensure the correct register of the cylinders
at the moment of starting the apparatus. The wheel 18 is fast on a leading
screw 20 with which engages a nut 23 which is connected by means of a bar to

page_text: the diaphragm carrier 22, the outer end of said screw 20 being supported in a
bracket 31 (Figure 10) so that when screw 20 commences to be rotated by wheel 18,
it forces the nut 23 to advance, thus carrying with it the diaphragm carrier 22.
At 21 is shewn the vibrating diaphragm carrying its stylus, and 25 (Figures 8
and 10) is the sound-tube connected to the trumpet-mouth 26 to amplify the
sounds emitted by the diaphragm and project them towards the audience. When
an operation is finished and it is desired to return to the starting point, it is
simply necessary to rock the diaphragm carrier about its guiding axis 24
(Figures 7 and 8) so as to disengage nut 23 from screw 20 and then slide the
whole backwards upon the guide 24.
From the foregoing description the action of the apparatus in the two cases
of taking and projecting views, will be easily understood.
On
For obtaining negatives, after closing the aperture in front of the idle lens C¹
and the shutter and its crank being suitably regulated for uncovering the lens C
during one third of the space of time which separates two successive exposures,
the film carried along by the intermittent movement of the drum D moves at
a speed of 0.02 centimetres per 20th of a second with a stop of two thirds of
the time for the impression of the image, which occupies 10th of a second.
commencing to turn the driving wheel M the commutator causes the current to
pass successively to the electro-magnets, the phonographic cylinder is rotated at
a speed which is absolutely synchronous with that of fly wheel A H, and, the
trumpet mouth being turned towards the scene to be photographed, the phono-
graphic cylinder records the sounds emitted at same time that the cinematograph
records the corresponding movements.
For projecting the views, the two lenses being open and the shutter being
regulated so as open the image lens C for two thirds and the other lens C¹ for
one third only of the interval separating each change of subject, the positive
film (produced in the ordinary way from the negative film previously obtained)
is then placed in the apparatus, the first picture occupying the same position as
the first negative, and the phonographic cylinder replaced in its support and the
diaphragm carrier returned to the starting position, it is now only necessary to
turn the fly wheel A H in order to impart to both apparatus an absolutely syn-
chronous movement and thus obtain an integral and simultaneous reproduction
of the movements and sounds previously recorded.
It is to be understood that the forms, dimensions, details, and materials
employed in the construction of the apparatus may be varied without in any way
changing the principle of the invention.
Dated this 10th day of October 180°
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.
Improved Apparatus for Taking and Reproducing Animated
Scenes and Sounds.
I, AUGUSTE BARON, of 10, Rue de l'Alma, Asnières (Seine), France, Photo-
grapher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a system of apparatus for recording animated scenes
and sounds simultaneously and for reproducing the same simultaneously.
The apparatus consists of two distinct parts which are so combined as to form

page_text: a whole for obtaining the above result. The one part consists of a chrono-
photographic apparatus for taking a series of photographs of the same moving
subject at very rapid intervals, whilst the other part consists of a phonograph
for recording and reproducing in a loud tone, the sounds emitted by the subject
during the operation of the chrono-photographic apparatus.
The phonographic apparatus is connected to the chrono-photographic apparatus
by an electrical apparatus whose movement is controlled by the driving wheel of
said chrono-photographic apparatus in such manner as to cause the two apparatus
to move together at the same speed, and during the reproduction by projection
of the subject photographed the movements will be represented synchronously
with the accompanying sounds so that the spectators will both see and hear the
scenes and sounds reproduced exactly as in reality.
My invention is illustrated by way of example in the drawings accompanying
my Provisional Specification in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of the chrono-
photographic apparatus. Figure 2 is a plan of the chrono-photographic apparatus.
Figure 3 is an elevation of the shutter mechanism. Figure 4 is a plan of the electro-
motor. Figure 5 is an end elevation and Figure 6 a side elevation of the com-
mutator. Figure 7 is a sectional elevation of the phonograph. Figure 8 is an
end elevation of the frame and rocking support of the phonograph diaphragm.
Figure 9 shews a plan and sectional elevation of the magazine for receiving the
film and its winding mechanism. Figure 10 is a perspective view of the entire
apparatus. The same letters of reference denote like parts in all the figures.
The chrono-photographic apparatus is mounted upon an iron frame which
supports a wood casing enclosing the whole of the mechanism and varying in
dimensions according to the size of the photographs.
As shewn in Figure 10 N is a removable magazine in which is contained the
spool of film whether sensitized or covered with positive pictures according as
the apparatus is used for taking or projecting the scenes. The magazine bas
a sliding cover Nb which is drawn out when the magazine is mounted on the
apparatus. The film spool turns freely upon a spindle N" which is mounted
in the sides of the magazine N. On leaving the magazine the film passes over
a guide roller L (Figure 1) and thence descends along a frame K and past the
aperture. The hinged shutter I in which is mounted a spring plate folds
against the frame K pressing the films by means of springs contained in boxes J.
On leaving frame K the film is wound upon a drum 1 (Figures 1 and 2) pro-
vided with pins & which enter perforations in the film and thence over a guide
roller L' (Figure 1) to the magazine N¹ in which it is wound automatically.
The several movements of the apparatus are produced as follows:-The
fly wheel A H (Figure 2) which is rotated by hand or by an independent
motor, drives the wheel M which by means of pinion A G imparts motion to
the cam grooved wheel A. The pin drum 1) is fast on the shaft A E of a disc B
also fast on said shaft, whose sprockets are successively engaged with the cam
groove A, that is to say at each revolution of cam A, a sprocket enters the
inlet end a of the cam groove at same time that the preceding sprocket bis
caused to pass out at the inclined outlet al of said groove, thus producing at every
revolution a forward movement of disc B and consequently of the pin drum D
around which the film is carried, equal to the size of the photograph (0.02 centi-
metres in the present example). The in and out movement of the sprockets b
in the groove of cam wheel A corresponding to the movement of advance of
the film, occupies about one-third of the circular movement of cam A; during
the other two-thirds the disc B, barrel D), and film are stationary, thus permit-
ting either of the impression of the image or of its projection on the screen.
The shaft A D (Figure 1) which receives rotary motion from wheel M by
means of pinion A G has keyed upon its opposite end a crank E which transmits
reciprocating motion through connecting rod F to the plate H to which the
shutter G is attached. The position of the crank E (Figure 3) upon shaft A D
is rendered interchangeable by means of a screw adjustment E so as to enable the

page_text: opening position of the sectional shutter plate G to be regulated to suit the stoppage
of movement of the film. The plate G is secured to the shutter carrier H by a
screw and nut G" which is fitted to slide in a slot H" in said carrier, so as to
enable it to take a position corresponding to that of the connecting rod, accord-
ing as and in proper relation to the purpose of the apparatus, whether for
taking or for projecting views. When taking views, the lens C¹ is closed while
the photographing lens C is uncovered by the shutter one third of the time
separating two images; on the other hand for projecting, both lenses are un-
covered alternately by the reciprocating movement of the shutter, it being
observed that, it is the image-projecting lens C which should be uncovered for
two thirds of the time separating two images and the lens C¹ (which is only used
when projecting) during only the last third of the time. This arrangement has
for object to replace, when the photographs are projected upon the screen, the
dark interval corresponding to the closing of the shutter and the changing of
the image, by an interval of illumination, thus suppressing sparking.
The automatic winding of the film on leaving the guide roller L¹ (Figures 1
and 2) is effected by means of the toothed wheel M fast with the driving wheel M
and gearing with another toothed wheel A K upon the end of a shaft A turning
freely in bearings Za in which is also journalled the shaft A A of the driving
and fly wheels. The shaft A terminates in a split squared end with which
engages the flat end of the spindle O of magazine N¹ (Figure 2). The spindle O
traverses the magazine N₁ and carries upon its end a pressure spring Q and
regulating nut R (Figures 2 and 9) and upon said spindle O is fitted to turn
freely a sleeve 0₁ upon which is fixed a disc P to which spring Q transmits
rotary motion by friction, the film attached to sleeve O¹ being in this manner
wound up uniformly by the action of spring Q and adjusting nut R without
traction and only to the extent permitted by the feed of drum D.
The receiving magazine N¹ (Figures 1 and 2) is introduced into the casing
of the apparatus through the opening S, it being guided by a T-shaped part
fixed to its bottom, which is received in grooves T in the bottom of the frame.
The connection of the magazine spindle O with shaft A is ensured by the small
spring stop S. The motion of the driving wheel M is imparted to a series of
wheels and pinions A C which serve to divide the motion and transmit it to
an exterior indicator A B which shews on a dial the length of film wound off,
the indicator A B being returned to zero at the commencement of each operation,
by slacking the tightening nut A F (Figures 2 and 10). Upon the rear side
of the casing is an aperture having a copper lining or bushing A¹ (Figures 1,
2, and 6) in which is screwed a bearing carrying the commutator pinion which
gears with the driving wheel M.
The iron framing which serves to support the before described apparatus is
composed of side frames X Y (Figures 1 and 2) united at bottom by the frame Z
which supports the bearing Z and grooved bars T and braced together at the
front by the plate W which carries the shutter G; the cross bar V which carries
the guide roller L'; the bar V1 for supporting the delivery magazine N; and
the cross bars U U₁ which serve as bearings for shaft A D.
The second part of the apparatus consists of a loud-speaking phonograph whose
movement is synchronized with that of the chrono-photographic apparatus by
the following arrangement of mechanisms:-29 (Figure 10) indicates a group
of battery cells for the supply of the current by means of wire 30 to a com-
mutator consisting of a copper ring 2 (Figure 6) screwing at A' on the front
side of the casing of the chrono-photographic apparatus (Figures 1 and 2). To
this ring 2 (Figure 6) is fixed an ebonite sleeve containing a cylinder 5, also
of ebonite, which carries a copper ring 6 against which constantly bears the
contact attached to binding screw 7 (Figure 5) which traverses sleeve 3. The
ring 6 has an extension longitudinal of the ebonite cylinder 5 which latter is
fast on the spindle 4 which passes through it and partakes in the rotary motion
imparted to pinion I by the bevel teeth on driving wheel M (Figure 6). During

page_text: this movement the extension on ring 6 comes successively in frictional contact
with the contacts connected to the sockets of terminals 81, 82, 85, by flexible
strips, so that the current which is constantly supplied at terminal 7 to ring 6
is distributed alternately to the electro-magnets 9, 93, 93, (Figure 4) in corre-
spondence with the speed imparted to the driving wheel M. The electro-mag-
nets 91, 93, 93, (Figures 4 and 7) are six in number and are placed in pairs around
the circumference of an armature 10 bearing studs 11, eight in number, which
are successively attracted by the poles 12 of the electro-magnets. The current sup-
plied by the commutator passes alternately by the wires 30¹, 30, 30³, to the
electro-magnets 91, 92, 93, which in turn attract the contacts of armature 10 and
by means of springs 14 transmit the circular motion thus obtained to the fly
wheel 13 mounted on shaft 15. The object of the springs 14 is to counteract
the jerks which may be produced by the successive attractions of armature 10.
The current on its exit from the electro-magnets is returned to the battery by
the collecting wire 30*.
The entire electric-mechanism herein before described is contained within the
phonograph casing 32 (Figure 7). The shaft 15 projects up through the top
of said casing and upon its upper end is keyed a bevel toothed wheel 16 which gears
'with two other similar wheels 17 and 18 of which wheel 17 imparts rotary motion
to the phonographic cylinder 19 while the wheel 18 imparts a forward movement
to the diaphragm carrier 22. The wheel 17 is fast on the axis on which is
mounted the sleeve which carries the phonographic cylinder 19, the said wheel
and its shaft being made removable to permit of inserting and changing the
phonographio cylinders. A small pivoted latch 28 engaging in a notch in a
ring 27 formed on wheel 17 serves to ensure the correct register of the cylinder
at the moment of starting the apparatus. The wheel 18 is fast on a leading
screw 20 with which engages a nut 23 which is connected by means of a bar to
the diaphragm carrier 22, the outer end of said screw 20 being supported in a
bracket 31 (Figure 10) so that when screw 20 commences to be rotated by wheel 18,
it forces the nut 23 to advance, thus carrying with it the diaphragm carrier. 22.
At 21 is shewn the vibrating diaphragm carrying its stylus, and 25 (Figures 8
and 10) is the sound-tube connected to the trumpet-mouth 26 to amplify the
sounds emitted by the diaphragm and project them towards the audience. When
an operation is finished and it is desired to return to the starting point, it is
simply necessary to rock the diaphragm carrier about its guiding axis 24
(Figures 7 and 8) so as to disengage nut 23 from screw 20 and then slide the
whole backwards upon the guide 24.
From the foregoing description the action of the apparatus in the two cases
of taking and projecting views, will be easily understood.
For obtaining negatives, after closing the aperture in front of the idle lens C¹
and the shutter and its crank being suitably regulated for uncovering the lens C
during one third of the space of time which separates two successive exposures,
the film carried along by the intermittent movement of the drum D moves at
a speed of 0.02 centimetres per 20th of a second with a stop of two thirds of
the time for the impression of the image, which occupies coth of a second. On
commencing to turn the driving wheel M the commutator causes the current to
pass successively to the electro-magnets, the phonographic cylinder is rotated at
a speed which is absolutely synchronous with that of fly wheel A. H, and, the
trumpet mouth being turned towards the scene to be photographed, the phono-
graphic cylinder records the sounds emitted at same time that the cinematograph
records the corresponding movements.
For projecting the views, the two lenses being open and the shutter being
regulated so as open the image lens C for two thirds and the other lens C¹ for
one third only of the interval separating each change of subject, the positive
film (produced in the ordinary way from the negative film previously obtained)
is then placed in the apparatus, the first picture occupying the same position as
the first negative, and the phonographic cylinder replaced in its support and the

page_text: diaphragm carrier returned to the starting position; it is now only, necessary to
turn the fly wheel A H in order to impart to both apparatus an absolutely syn-
chronous movement and thus obtain an integral and simultaneous reproduction
of the movements and sounds previously recorded.
It is to be understood that the forms, dimensions, details, and materials
employed in the construction of the apparatus may be varied without in any way
changing the principle of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
The improved apparatus for taking and reproducing animated scenes and sounds
simultaneously combined and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in the drawings, characterized:-
1. By the combination with the chrono-photographic apparatus, of two lenses
for the projection of the photographs, one of which is closed while the other is
open, by means of a reciprocating shutter, for the purpose of suppressing the dark
interval on the screen which separates each change of image and thus obviating
sparking.
2. By the means for automatically winding the film in a magazine by means of
a spring in frictional contact with a disc whose movement is capable of being
arrested by the resistance of the film.
3. By the automatic index finger for constantly indicating the length of film
used;
4. By the commutator operated by the movement of the driving wheel of the
chrono-photographic apparatus and permitting of the passage of the current only
in accordance with the movement of the driving wheel;
5. By the system of electro-motor comprising several groups of electro-magnets
which successively attract the studs of the armature in such manner that each of
said groups attracts and retains the studs until the moment when the current is
cut off by the action of the commutator and passed to the following group which
in its turn attracts and retains the next nearest studs; the rotation of the arma-
ture being thus absolutely dependent on the movement of a commutator which
distributes the current to the groups of electro-magnets of the motor and the
motion of said armature being transmitted to a phonographic cylinder.
6. By the equalization of the motion produced by the armature of the electro-
motor by means of a fly wheel connected thereto by means of springs so as to
prevent the transmission of the jerks of the armature to the phonographic
cylinder.
7. By the reciprocating shutter operating in such manner that the movements of
opening and closing shall occur when the connecting rod is moving most rapidly.
Dated this 5th day of July 1899
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.