IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William George Beattie, of South Bauk, Surbiton,
in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES."
Sealed the 30th August 1864, and dated the 5th March 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William George Beattie at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th March 1864.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE BEATTIE, of South Bank, Surbiton, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, firstly, of placing in the smoke box of the engine
one or more rows of pipes or tubes communicating at each end with longi-
tudinal chambers which I prefer to be of cast iron, and placed at the sides of
the smoke box connected with the boiler, pumps or injectors, and tank, so that
the feed water may be passed through the tubes before entering the boiler.
The hot gases on their passage from the furnace to the chimney pass between
and around the tubes, which I arrange laterally, diagonally, or crosswise in
rows, and with a moderate space between them, and which act as a strainer or
baffle to prevent the sparks and ashes being ejected from the chimney. I also

page_text: propose by the use of the above-described apparatus to utilize the heat in the
smoke box by applying it to the feed water.
My Invention consists, secondly, in placing an inverted cone-shaped funnel
round the blast pipe and attached to the sides of the chimney, which funnel I
construct of plate iron and perforate with circular or otherwise shaped
apertures of a sufficiently small size to prevent the escape of sparks or ashes,
or the funnel may be constructed of wire or strips of plate iron arranged to
baffle the passage of the gases. The perforated funnel I prefer to project
upwards into the chimney, but it can be of a more oblate shape and attached
to the smoke box.
My Invention consists, thirdly, of placing in the smoke box a circular or
rectangular disc or baffle, which I prefer to be of plate or cast iron, and at a
slight distance from it, over or under, but overlapping, I place a second plate,
and by this arrangement baffle and deflect the smoke and gases, not leaving a
direct passage up the chimney, but causing the gases to pass round the edges
and between the plates to prevent sparks or ashes leaving the smoke box.
My Invention consists, fourthly, of placing in the smoke box a grating or
strainer composed of angle irons arranged laterally in rows at a short distance
apart, slightly overlapping, and each alternate angle iron inverted.
My Invention consists, fifthly, of forming a strainer or grating of two iron
plates placed in the smoke box at a slight distance from or touching each
other, and one above the other, each having apertures to allow the passage of
gases, and so constructed that they may be moved the one over the other by
the engineer to cause the apertures to coincide and allow a free passage or to
alternate and close the passages. By this means the escape of sparks will be
prevented and the draught through the furnace may be thus regulated at will.
I prefer these plates to be of cast iron, and if it is not desired to regulate the
draught they can be stationary and formed of wire, or one grating only used.
The holes I prefer to be long slots.
My Invention consists, sixthly, in an improved form of damper constructed
of an upright plate of iron extending only partially up over the opening for
draught, and serving to retain the ashes within the ash pan, and the moveable
damper plate arranged to open internally, so that falling ashes from the
fire may be guided into the ash pan instead of allowed to fall out. The lower
retaining plate may be hinged and moveable to allow the ashes to be easily
removed when necessary.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William George Beattie in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th September 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
GEORGE BEATTIE, of South Bank, Surbiton, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for ll'erself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William George Beattie, Her special licence that I, the said
William George Beattie, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William George Benttic, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that T, the said William George Beattie, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William George Beattic, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, and the two Sheets of Drawings accompanying
this Specification, and the figures and letters marked thereon, and which form
part of this my Specification.
My improvements in locomotive engines consist in placing in the smoke
box of the engine one or more rows of pipes or tubes communicating at each
end with longitudinal chambers, which I prefer to be of cast iron, and placed
at the sides of the smoke box, connected with the boiler, pumps or injectors,
and tank, in such a manner that the feed water may be passed through the
tubes before entering the boiler. The hot gases on their passage from the
furnace to the chimney pass between and around the tubes, which I arrange

page_text: laterally, diagonally, or crosswise in rows, and with a moderate space between,
and which act as a strainer or baffle to prevent the sparks and ashes being
ejected from the chimney; and I also use the above-mentioned arrangements
to heat the feed water.
My Invention consists also in placing an inverted cone-shaped funnel
around the blast pipe and attached to the sides of the chimney, which funnel
I construct of plate iron, and perforate with circular or otherwise shaped
apertures of a sufficiently small size to prevent the escape of sparks or ashes,
or the funnel can be constructed of wire or strips of plate iron arranged to
baffle the passage of the gases. The perforated funnel I prefer to project
upwards into the chimney, but it can be of a more oblate shape and attached
to the smoke box.
My Invention consists also in placing in the smoke box of the engine a
circular or rectangular iron disc or baffle, which I prefer to form of plate or
cast iron, and at a slight distance from it, over or under, but overlapping, I
place a second plate, and by this arrangement baffle and deflect the smoke
and gases, not leaving a direct passage up the chimney, but causing the gases
to pass round the edges and between the plates, and by this means to prevent
any sparks or ashes leaving the smoke box.
My Invention consists also in placing in the smoke box a grating or
strainer composed of angle irons arranged laterally in rows at a short distance
apart, slightly overlapping, and each alternate angle iron inverted.
My Invention consists also in forming a strainer or grating of two iron
plates placed in the smoke box at a slight distance from or touching each
other, and one above the other, each having apertures to allow the passage of
the gases, and so constructed that they may be moved one over the other by
the engineer to cause the apertures to coincide and afford an open passage, or
to alternate and close all passage. By this means the escape of sparks will be
prevented and the draught through the furnace may be thus regulated at will.
I prefer these plates to be of cast iron, and if it is not desired to regulate the
draught, can be stationary and formed of wire, or one grating only used. The
holes I prefer to be slots.
My Invention consists also in an improved form of damper constructed of
an upright plate of iron extending partially up over the opening for the
draught, and serving to retain the ashes within the ash pan, and the move-
able damper plate arranged to open, so that falling ashes from the fire may be
guided into the ash-pan instead of allowed to fall out. The lower retaining
plate may be hinged and moveable to allow the ashes to be easily withdrawn
when necessary.

page_text: In order that the foregoing improvements may be the more particularly
described and ascertained, I refer to the Drawings.
Fig. 1 (Sheet No. 1) shews a vertical longitudinal section of the smoke
box; Fig. 2 (Sheet No. 1), a vertical transverse section thereof; Fig. 5, a
sectional plan thereof with arrangements as follows:-At the sides of the
smoke box I place water-tight longitudinal chambers A, A', which inter-
communicate by tubes B, B, and the chamber A' also communicates by the
pipe C (Fig. 2) with the pump or injector, and the chamber A by the pipe D
with the boiler or tank. By this arrangement the feed water is forced through
the tubes B, B, as indicated in Fig. 2 on the Drawing by the arrows, and
exposed during its passage through the tubes to the heat of the gases from the
furnace. The water tubes B, B, I arrange at a suitable distance from each
other, as shewn in Figure 1, to prevent the passage of sparks up the chimney.
The longitudinal chambers A, A¹, I contrive in such a manner that when the
tubes become worn on their lower sides they can be reversed, and the upper
sides of the tubes exposed in their turn to the action of the fire, and the com-
munication from the chambers to the water pipe is made by means of the
upright pipes E, E, as before, by removing the blank flanges F, F. The
water passes from the pump through a two-way cock between the pump and
the smoke box, so that in case of accident to the apparatus in the smoke box, the
water may be directed through a clack box into the boiler direct by turning the
cock, and I use a two-way cock attached to the pipe leading from the appa-
ratus to the boiler, so that the hot water may be cither directed through a clack
box into the boiler or into the tank; I also connect the apparatus in the
smoke box with the boiler by means of the pipe and cock G, Fig. 1, which I
work by rods and levers attached to the pump feed cock lever, so that when
the supply of water through the pump to such apparatus is shut off a com-
munication is made with the boiler through the pipe G, and by this means
the tubes B, B, are always supplied with water or steam. I also place between
the exhaust steam pipe and the longitudinal chamber two baffle plates H, H,
(Fig. 2 and Fig. 5), to prevent the passage there of the gases.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 shew another arrangement for the same object adapted
to a smoke box of the form now common, the longitudinal chamber I, I, of
circular shape and connected with the boiler and pumps, and communicating
with each other through water passages and pipes in such manner that the
feed water may be directed through the tubes, as before described (Fig. 1,
Fig. 2, Fig. 5.) In this case the exhaust steam pipes are of different shape,
and the tubes are arranged on each side, as shewn. The longitudinal

page_text: chambers are hollow castings, and the tubes are inserted into them in the
manner shewn by Fig. 11 and Fig. 12.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 shew another modification, the chamber K being cast
solid, and the tubes being fixed therein in the manner shewn by Fig. 9 and
Fig. 10.
Fig. 8 is another arrangement, the longitudinal chambers being fixed to
the side of the smoke box, and communicating direct with the feed water
pipes outside the smoke box. The tubes are bent over to clear the boiler
tubes, and the feed water is passed through them direct from one chamber
to the other. In this Figure the longitudinal chambers are shewn with tube
plates secured by studs and nuts, but circular or otherwise shaped hollow
castings may be used, and the tubes, fewer in number and more closely
arranged, can be secured by one of the methods shewn at Figs. 9, 10,
11, and 12.
Fig. 9 shews a method of securing the tubes into a hollow casting. The
holes are drilled through the casting, the one at K being screwed and the hole
at L being slightly tapered. The tube L. is inserted through the taper hole
and the hollow screw slightly tapered is then screwed up to wedge the tube.
The water passes from or to the tube through two or more holes M in the
hollow screw, as shown.
Fig. 10 shews another arrangement, by which the hollow screw N becomes
a stay, being screwed into both sides of the casting, and the end of the
tube is compressed into the interior of the screw, which is slightly taper.
Fig. 11 is a method whereby the tube may be attached to the chamber
from the outside. The nut O, tapered internally, having been placed on the
tube, the end is then slightly expanded and the nut is then screwed into the
chamber, the tube and chamber being kept in their relative positions.
Fig. 12 is another method, somewhat similar. The seating P being first
screwed into the chamber and the expanded end of the tube placed thereon,
the nut is then screwed down compressing the tube end in to the scating. In
the apparatus before described the longitudinal water chambers and tubes
may be constructed of iron or brass, or the tubes or water passages may be
flattened or otherwise arranged to expose them to the action of the heat, or
lesser number may be used.
Fig. 13, Sheet 2, is a transverse vertical section of the smoke box of an
engine, shewing an interior perforated funnel A attached to the chimney and
to the top of the blast pipe, as shewn, or in the manner indicated by dotted
lines. The escape of the exhaust steam is not impeded, but the gases from

page_text: the fire-box have to pass through the small perforations of the interior funnel,
and by this means sparks are prevented from passing out. The perforations
may be of circular or other shape and the interior funnel may be made of
sheet or cast iron.
Fig. 14 shews another arrangement, the perforated strainer B being attached
to the smoke box.
Fig. 15 shews a baffle constructed as follows:-The plate C is supported
round the mouth of the exhaust steam pipe and extends over the tubes. The
two plates D, D, are placed so as to overlap the plate C, as shewn, and at
such a distance as will not destroy the draught up the chimney. The gases
from the fire-box are baffled by the plates C and D, D, causing the sparks to
be thrown down into the bottom of the smoke box.
Fig. 17 and Fig. 18 shew another arrangement, consisting of angle irons
E, E, placed so as to overlap each other, each alternate iron being inverted.
They are supported at the ends on cast-iron bars of suitable shape, as shewn,
and can be removed or inserted through the aperture in the side of the sinoke
box at F, Fig. 17. I also place the plates G, G, extending from the exhaust
steam pipe to the sides of the smoke box to serve as a baffle there, or angle
irons may be used.
Fig. 19 and Fig. 20 shew an arrangement, by which sparks can be arrested,
or the draught regulated by the engineer. The plates E, K, both having
corresponding apertures, at a slight distance apart from or touching each
other, and by means of the levers and rods at L, L, the plates can be moved
the one over the other to cause the apertures to coincide or to close them, the
lever M shewn in dotted lines Fig. 20 being upon the foot plate of the engine
within reach of the engineer.
Fig. 16 is an improved form of ash pan and damper. There are two
damper plates, the lower plate N being kept in an upright position or nearly
so by a weight O or otherwise while the upper plate P is worked by the rod
Qfrom the foot plato, the rod being also connected with the lever of the lower
damper N in the manner shewn, so that the upper plate P is partly opened
internally before the lower plate N is moved, the strengthening angle iron R
serving as a stop. The damper plates are then brought into the position
shewn in dotted lines. The upper plate P serves to guide falling cinders into
the ash pan, while the lower plate retains the ashes within the ash pan. The
sliding bottom plate S can be withdrawn when necessary and the ashes and
fire-bars removed.
Fig. 21 shews another form of ash pan damper, the lower retaining plate T
not being moved internally and the upper damper plate V worked upwards by

page_text: a hinged lever. The bent plate W can be fixed to the fire-box and serve as a
guard plate for falling.ashes..
Having described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the
same is or may be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do. not
claim any of the parts separately, but that what. I claim as my Ïnvention, is,―
Firstly, the combinations and arrangements substantially as herein-before
mentioned and described, and shewn in Sheet 1, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8;
9, and 10, for the detention of the sparks.in the smoke box, and also for
heating the feed water in its passage through the tubes in the. smoke box.to
the boiler.
Secondly, the combinations and arrangements substantially as herein-before
mentioned and described, and shewn in Sheet 2; Figures 18, 14, 15, 17, 18,
19, and 20, for the detention of the sparks in the smoke box.
Thirdly, the improved ash pan as herein-before mentioned and described,
and shewn, Sheet 2, Figure 16.
In witness whereof, I, the said William George Beattie, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
WILLIAM GEORGE BEATTIE. (L.S.)