CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING SUGAR OR SYRUP PROM CANE JUICE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES CONTAINING SUGAR, AND IN REFINING SUGAR AND SYRUP
Year: 1830

page_text: En the latter of a Patent granted to CHARLES DEROSNE, late or
Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex, but now of Paris, in
the Kingdom of France, Gentleman, for his Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING SUGAR OR SYRUP PROM CANE JUICE,
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES CONTAINING SUGAR, AND IN REFINING SUGAR
AND SYRUP," bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day of
September, in the first year of the reign of His present Majesty
King William the Fourth.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATIONS proposed
to be entered by the said Charles Derosne with the Clerk of the Patents
in England, pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth and sixth years of
His present Majesty's reign, entitled, "An Act to amend the Law
touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
I, the said Charles Derosne, do desire that instead of the words of the
itle of the said Patent being for the Invention of "Certain Improvements
in Extracting Sugar or Syrups from Cane Juice, and other Substances
containing Sugar, and in Refining Sugar and Syrups," the following words
e substituted in lieu thereof, videlicet, the Invention of "A Certain Improve-
ment or Certain Improvements to be used in the Course of the Process of
Extracting Sugar or Syrup from Cane Juice, and other Substances
. containing Sugar, and also to be used in the Course of the Process of

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Refining Sugar and Syrup, for the Purpose, in either Case, of Removing
"the Color from, or Whitening and Purifying such Sugars or Syrups
respectively." And I further desire, that instead of the following words
in the Specification, videlicit," The Invention consists in a means of
discoloring syrups of every description by means of charcoal produced
by the distillation of bituminous schistus alone or mixed with animal
"charcoal, and even of animal charcoal alone. Whatever sort of charcoal it
may be, it must be disposed on beds very thick, on a filter of any suitable
"form. The filter of itself has nothing particular, and does not form the
object of the Patent, because it is already known and used for other
purposes, but till now it has not been employed for discolouring syrups.
"To obtain this discolouration, I put the charcoal in a case, in which I place,
"at a distance of about an inch from the bottom, a metallic diaphragm pierced
"with a great number of holes. I then place upon this diaphragm a clear
" and coarse linen or woollen cloth, which exactly covers it; I then place
upon this cloth a bed of charcoal, of bituminous schistus alone or mixed
"with animal charcoal, or animal charcoal alone. Whatever it may be, this
"charcoal ought to be in a state of division, in order that it may be well
penetrated with the syrup which is intended to be filtered. Charcoal in
"fine powder would not be penetrated by the syrup. It has been found that
the charcoal reduced to the size of fine gunpowder is very fit for this
operation; if the grain is too large, the filtration would be operated too
rapidly. I lightly press the charcoal, and then again place now beds of the
same charcoal, which should likewise be pressed, till it has come up to the
height of fifteen or sixteen inches.. It may be made higher, if found
necessary, or it may be less, but the discoloring effect will be always in
proportion to the thickness of the bed of charcoal. When the charcoal is
disposed to the proper thickness, it is to be covered with another metallic
diaphragm, pierced likewise with holes, upon which is spread another
clear linen cloth. It is upon this cloth on which is poured the syrup
which is destined to be discoloured. The syrup ought then to form a bed of
several inches thick, from four to eight, although there is no precise rule. For
operating well in the filtration of syrups, the syrup ought to be clear before
pouring it upon the filter, and ought to have undergone a first filtration by
"the known means. The point to be obtained by the filtration through the
" thick beds of charcoal is only the discolouration of syrups. The syrup to be
filtered ought not to pass over the consistency which is
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"thirds of sugar and one third of water, but it may be
degree of consistency, according to the result required.
produced by two-
filtered at any less
When the syrup is

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"hot, the filtration operates a great deal more rapidly. In operating on a
great scale, a reservoir filled with syrup can furnish several filters at a time
by means of cock balls being placed in each filter. The first portion of
syrup which passes through the filter is always the most discoloured, and by
"the time the colouring part combines itself with the charcoal, the effect of the
"last portion becomes less sensible. The portion of syrups which preserves
a part of its colour after its filtration can be passed again upon another bed.
"of charcoal in another filter, and by this means it may be obtained in a
great degree of purification. Whatever the charcoal used it is desirable to
mix the charcoal with about one sixth of its weight of water before putting
"it in the filter; the place of that water is occupied by the syrup, which
penetrates the beds of charcoal, and then the water comes the first; it has
a disagreeable and salted taste when the animal charcoal is used, the water
"after that comes with a mixed portion of syrup, and soon after it is.
displaced by the pure syrup. When the charcoal has been deprived of its.
coloring effect, pour water on the filter for dissolving or displacing the syrup
"which is mixed with the charcoal; the syrup then comes pure first, and after
that mixed with more or less water, using as little as possible of water;
"it is convenient to suspend occasionally the effusion of water on the upper
part of the filter, and to shut its cock. The syrup being heavier than the
"water gains the bottom of the filter and runs first. The syrups made with
"raw sugar by this process can be made as clear as water. The molasses are
"deprived of their bad taste, and are converted into a good kind of syrups of a
"clear and yellow colour. The syrups from which it is desired to separate
"colouring matter can be obtained directly from the juice of cane or of beet-
"root or from the saccharine matter produced by the action of sulphuric acid
upon the farinaceous matters before these juices or liquids have been baked
for extracting the sugar. The syrup may likewise be produced by the
"solution of all kinds of sugar, and of the products of inferior quality, which
are obtained in sugar refining under the name of bastards and other
sugars. The purpose of producing of syrups may be to sell them in such a
state for the ordinary consumption, or to bake them for making sugar
"whiter than is obtained by the common process, or these whitened syrups
may be used for discolouring the refined sugar in making them filter
"through the loaves for replacing the use of the earth and water, the
object of the Invention being to obtain discoloured syrups by the means
"above described. This discolouration of syrups is always proportionate to
"their primitive coloration, and to the quantity of charcoal which is used.
The carbonization of bituminous schistus has nothing particular, it is.
C

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produced in closed vessels, as is done for producing animal charcoal, only it
"is convenient before the carbonization to separate from the bituminous
"schistus the sulphurets of iron which are mixed with it. Instead of using the
schistus or animal charcoal of the size of gunpowder, it can be reduced to a
"powder still more fine, mixed with sand; in this stato a given quantity of
charcoal discolours better than powdered less fine, but the filtration is
slower and more difficult to be regulated. After having tried this first
method I have given the preference to the other mode, but both of them
"are the object of the Patent;"-the following words be substituted in lieu
thereof: The Invention consists in a menus of removing the color from or
whitening and purifying syrups of every description by means of filtration
through beds of granulated animal charcoal, for effecting which object tho
"charcoal must be disposed in beds in a filter or case of any suitable
"form.
The filter or case (which encloses the charcoal) of itself bas
nothing particular, and does not form the object of the Patent, because
"it is already known and used for other purposes, but till now it has not
"been employed for whitening and purifying syrups. To obtain the object
of this Invention, I place, at the distance of about an inch from the bottom
of the case, a diaphragm, pierced with a great number of holes. I then
place upon this diaphragm a clear and coarse linen or woollen cloth which
exactly covers it. I then place upon this cloth a bed of animal charcoal.
"This charcoal must be in a state of division, in order that it may be well
penetrated with the syrup which is intended to be filtered; charcoal in tho
"state of an impalpable powder would not be penetrated by the syrup. It
has been found that the charcoal reduced to the ordinary size of gunpowder
is very fit for this operation (if the grain is too large the filtration would
operate too rapidly); I lightly press the charcoal, and then again place new
"beds of it, which should likewise be presssed, till the charcoal has come up to
"the height of fifteen or sixteen inches. It may be made higher if found
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necessary, or it may ho less, but the whitening and purifying effect will be
always in proportion to the thickness of the bed of charcoal. When the
"charcoal is disposed of to the proper thickness it is to be covered with
"another diaphragm pierced likewise with holes, upon which is spread a
clear linen cloth, and it is upon this cloth that the syrup is poured
which is destined to be whitened and purified. The syrup ought then to
inches to eight inches,
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form a bed of several inches thick, from four
although there is no precise rule. For operating well the syrup must be
clear before pouring it upon the filter, and ought to have undergone a first
filtration by the usual known means. The syrup to be filtered ought not to

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"exceed the thickness or consistency which is produced by two thirds of
sugar and one third of water, but it may be filtered at any greater degree,
"of fluidity, according to the result required. When the syrup is hot the
"filtration operates a great deal more rapidly. In operating on a great scale
"a reservoir filled with syrup can furnish several filters at a time by means of
"cock balls placed in each filter. The first portion of syrups which passes
through the beds of charcoal is always the whitest, and as the coloring
"part of the syrup combines itself with the charcoal the power of whitening
"and purifying the syrups becomes less until it wholly ceases.
The portion
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"of syrups which preserves a part of its colour after its filtration can be
passed again upon another bed of charcoal in another filter, and by this
"means it may be obtained in a great degree of purification. It is
"desirable to mix the charcoal with about one sixth part of its weight of
"water before putting it in the filter. The place of that water is occupied by
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the syrup which penetrates the beds of charcoal, and then the water comes
"the first. It has a disagreeable and salted taste when new or fresh animal
"charcoal is used, the water after that comes with a mixed portion of syrup,.
"and soon after it is displaced by the pure syrup. When the charcoal has been
"deprived of its power of whitening and purifying the sugar or syrup, pour
"water on the bed or beds of charcoal for dissolving or displacing the syrup.
"which is mixed with the charcoal; the syrup then comes pure first, and after
"that mixed with more or less water, using as little as possible of water. It.
" is convenient to suspend occasionally the effusion of water on the upper part
" of the filter, and to shut its cock. The molasses by this process are deprived
" of their bad taste, and are converted into good kinds of syrups of a clear and
yellow colour. This process of filtration may be applied with advantage to.
"the juices of cane and beetroot immediately after the juice has passed
through the first tache, and before evaporation, and may also be applied
"to those juices after evaporation, when they are brought to the state of
syrups. Also it may be applied to liquid syrups produced by the action of
sulphuric acid upon farinaceous matters before they have been reduced by
evaporation, or after they have acquired a degree of consistency by evapo-
ration. The syrup may likewise be produced by the solution of all kinds of
sugar, and of the products of inferior qualities which are obtained in sugar
refining under the name of bastards, and other sugars. The object of the
"Invention is to obtain whitened and purified syrups by the means above
"described. The whitening and purifying of the syrups are always pro-
portionate to their primitive color, and to the quantity of charcoal which
" is used."
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page_text: And I hereby disclaim all benefit and advantage to which I may be entitled
under the said Letters Patent and Specification so far as the process therein
mentioned consists of the use of bituminous schistus or sand, but I retain
the said process so far as it consists of the use of animal charcoal, and the
remainder of the said Patent and Specification, subject to the alterations
Before set forth. And I, the said Charles Derosne, do declare that the reason
I desire to make the foregoing alteration in the title of the said Patent is to
render the same clearer to the public, and to remove any doubts which may
liave arisen relative thereto; the Invention being the. same, but forming a
part of at present two distinct processes; the first being the extraction of
sugar from the cane juice and other substances containing sugar, in which
process the Invention is used previous to the syrups reaching a proper thick-
ness or consistency for their first granulating into raw sugar; and the second
process being the process of refining of sugar and syrup, in which the Inven-
tion is used after such raw sugar has again been converted into syrup by
the admixture of water for the purpose of obtaining a finer sugar, or for the
purpose of making loaf sugar. And I declare my reason for disclaiming the
use of bituminous schistus, and the use of sand, is that the schistus cannot be
used with so much advantage as the animal charcoal, for the following reasons:
First, because, altho' the schistus hitherto used by me and obtained from
France, will whiten and remove the colour from the syrups better even than
animal charcoal, I do not consider the chrystals of the sugar so large as when
the animal charcoal alone is used; secondly, because the schistus hitherto
discovered in England is very inferior in its effects to that obtained in France;
and, thirdly, because the schistus being in its nature not so hard as animal
charcoal, is not so capable of renewal as animal charcoal, and, consequently,
is more expensive; and, as regards the sand, because I am of opinion that
the difficulty of regulating the use of it is such that it cannot be so bene-
ficially used in the process of extracting or refining sugar or syrups. And
I further declare that my reason for making the other alterations in the
foregoing Specification is to render the meaning thereof more clear and
intelligible, as, from the circumstance of my being a Frenchman, it has been
said that the original Specification was not well rendered into English.

page_text: This is to certify that Charles Derosne, of Leicester Square, in the County
of Middlesex, but now of Paris, in the Kingdom of France, Gentleman, has
applied to me for leave to enter with you the above-written Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alterations of the Title and of the Specification of a certain
Invention, for which Letters Patent were duly granted to the said Charles
Derosne, under the Great Seal, dated the Twenty-ninth day of September, in
first year of the reign of His present Majesty, and the Specification of which
was enrolled on the Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty; and, on considering the said appli-
cation, I directed an advertizement to be inserted in the London Gazette,
in order to give notice thereof to all persons who might wish to oppose it;
and such advertizement has been duly inserted on the Third of May, in the
year One thousand hundred and thirty-six, and no objection having been
made to the said application, I have accordingly allowed the same. And you
are hereby authorized and directed to file the above-written Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration, pursuant to the Statute passed in the sixth
year of the reign of His present Majesty, entitled "Act to amend the Law
touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of August, in the
year of our Lord 1836, the aforesaid Charles Derosne came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Disclaimer afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Disclaimer aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.