Improvements in Electrio Arc Lamps.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 29th Sept., 1894.
Complete Specification Left, 29th Sept.. 1894-Accepted, 24th Nov., 1894
Improvements in Electrio Arc Lamps.
1, WILLIAM SMITH PENDLETON, residing at No. 229 West 83rd Street, in the
City, County and State of New York, U.S.A., Electrical Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Fig. is a side elevation of my improved lamp;
Fig. 2, a similar view, from the opposite side, of the upper part of the lamp;
Fig. 3, a horizontal section through the upper part of the lamp, on the line 3-3
of Fig. 2, and
Fig. 4, a diagram illustrating the circuit connections.
The frame is of usual construction, consisting of the top and bottom plates A, A',
connected by posts A³, and the depending rods A, A', on which the carriage of
the upper carbon works. The coarse wire magnet B, for separating the carbons
to strike the arc, and the fine wire or high resistance feed magnet C, are suitably
mounted upon and pendent from the top plate A.
The armature Bi, of the magnet B, is attached to a rocking frame B², pivoted
on the bottom plate A', at a, and the play of the armature and frame is limited
by an adjustable screw stop pin b, passing up through the bottom plate A¹,
At the top of the arch-shaped frame B, is mounted wheel D, having a
peripheral groove or recess d, in which is wound the cord or chain D', (the end of
which is of course attached to the wheel) that supports the movable carbon
carriage E, travelling on the rods A³, A, and to which the end of the cord is
attached by an insulating connection at d. A volute spring D', having one end
attached to the frame B' and the other to the wheel D, tends normally to wind
up the carbon carriage suspending cord and hold the carriage up. The wheel D
has also a peripheral toothed or cogged flange D³, that gears with a pinion F,
fast on a shaft F', having its bearings in the rocking frame B³, below the wheel D,
and. carrying at one end a ratchet wheel G, and at the other a brake wheel H.
When the magnet B is energized and attracts its armature, the carriage rises,
rocking on its pivot a, the carbon carriage E is raised, thus separating.the.carbon
pencils and striking the arc, and the brake wheel H is pressed against the brake
shoe H', carried by a spring H2, mounted on a post H, on the frame plate A',
and having an adjusting screw h, for regulating the pressure of the shoe. At the
same time, the ratchet wheel G is, by the same movement, brought into engage-
ment with a spring-pressed pawl G', pivoted on a rocking frame C, to which is
attached the armature C, of the shunt or feed magnet. C. The frame C³ is also
arch-shaped, and passes over the shaft F, in the frame B, and is pivoted to the

page_text: lower frame-plate A', at c. The armature C³ and frame C2 are drawn normally
away from the magnet C by a spring, connected at one end to the armnature and
at the other to an adjusting screw c, passing upwardly through the plate A', the
play of the frame being limited by a suitable stop. If, then, the current and
-circuit condition are such that the magnet C attracts its armature, the frame C'
rises, and the pawl G₁ slips over one or more teeth of the ratchet wheel G,
according to the adjustment, and when the circuit through the shunt magnet C is
interrupted, as presently described, the armature and frame C' are drawn down by
the spring and the pawl G' drives the ratchet wheel G, which in turn, through
pinion F, drives the wheel D, and lowers the carbon carriage to maintain the arc
between the carbon pencils. To provide for the automatic opening of the shunt
circuit through the magnet C, after it has attracted its armature, I place on the
frame C or armature. C', a projection J, carrying an adjustable screw J, and
mount on the frame plate A a post carrying an adjustable contact J, and between
these two adjustable parts lies a contact spring finger j, carried by said armature
or frame. The time when, during the attraction of the armature C', the finger j
leaves the contact J2 and interrupts the circuit through the magnet C, may be
adjusted with nicety.
The carbon carriage E is provided with guides e, of any suitable ordinary
character, that run on the rods A³, A', and may be of any ordinary construction.
In order, however, to provide an adjustment of the upper carbon pencil X, to
ensure its proper adjustment with the lower pencil Y, in trimming the lamp, 1
construct the carbon as follows: A spherical socket is formed in the cross-piece
of the frame, half in the cross-piece and half in a piece E, hinged thereto at e',
and secured at the other end by a screw-bolt e. The carbon holder
has a bali
formed on the end which fits in the spherical socket. In this way the carbon
holder may be properly adjusted and clamped.
ولا
Z indicates the controlling switch of the lamp. It may be located, as shown, on
the bottom plate A', or be placed at any point in the circuit. Suitable insulation
is provided as required, and as shown.
Referring more especially to the diagram Figure 4, the switch Z being closed,
the main circuit is from the binding post I, through the low resistance magnet B,
thence to the upper carbon, lower carbou, and by insulated wire V, passing up
through the hollow rod A³, to the binding post L', and thence to line again.
The magnet B lifts its armature, the carbons are separated, and the arc
established, as already described. When by reason of the consumption of the
carbons and the consequent lengthening of the arc, the resistance through the
are becomes sufficiently great, the circuit through the sensitive high resistance feed
magnet C takes enough current to energize it sufficiently to cause it to attract its
armature, and the carbon carriage and carbon X are fed downwardly to establish
the normal condition of the arc. The shunt circuit including the coils of the
magnet C, is as follows:-From the binding post L, through the contacts j, J³,
coils of magnet C, and separable contacts S, S, to the binding post L'. When
the magnet B is de-energized, its armature remains down, as, for instance, when
the switch Z is open, and the contacts S, S¹ are separated by the armature
pressing S out of contact with S', and the circuit through the feed magnet is
therefore held open. When the carbon carriage, in the normal operation of the
lamp, has descended to its lowest position by reason of the gradual consumption of
the carbons, a cut-out contact T thereon closes against an insulated contact T',
at the lower end of the lamp frame, which contact is connected as shown,
permanently through the coils of the magnet C, to contacts, S, S', to the binding
post L. In this condition of the lamp the armatures B, C, are permanently
attracted and the parts of the lamp remain motionless, but with a complete circuit
through the lamp, so the current may still pass to one or more lamps that may
be in series therewith.
To provide for the adjustment of the pawl G¹, to compensate for wear and
other conditions, and afford adjustment of the play thereof, I provide an eccentric

page_text: head m, on the rotatable bolt M, mounted in the upper end of the frame C². This
eccentric limits the movement of the pawl under the tension of its spring.
In my organization, the magnets are pendent from the top plate, and are removed
to that extent from the heat of the arc. The frame B, of the series magnet
armature, is composed (Figure 3) of two arch-shaped side-bare, pivoted on one side
to lugs on the bottom plate, and bound together by the armature B', and at the top
by the shaft on which the combined gear wheel and winding drum is mounted
centrally between the two side bars. The ratchet wheel G, is carried at one end
of the shaft F, and the brake wheel at the other. The frame B2, and all the parts
carried thereby are, therefore, balanced and syminetrically disposed with regard to
the central plane of movement of the frame, and a corresponding certainty and
ilelicacy of operation results. The frame is similarly constructed, and all the
working parts are practically included in the space between the two pendent
magnets. The construction is compact and simple, and is one that does not call for
very great care in the finishing and mounting of the parts. The coiled spring that
tends to wind up the wheel D is applied directly to the wheel, and serves to steady
the feed and prevent too great a length of feed or throw of the positive carbon.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination, substantially as set forth, of the magnet B, the rocking
fraine actuated thereby, a wheel mounted in the frame and having a peripheral
groove in which is wound the suspending cord of the carbon carriage, and a
peripheral gear formed thereon, a spring applied to said wheel to wind the cord
thereon, a pinion on a shaft mounted in said frame meshing with said peripheral
gear, a ratchet wheel at one end of said shaft, and a brake wheel at the other end
of the shaft, a brake shoe against which the brake wheel is pressed when the
carriage is actuated, the magnet C, its rocking frame, the pawl on said frame into
engagement with which the ratchet wheel is thrown by the movement of the first-
mentioned frame, and means for automatically opening the circuit of the magnet C,
when the rocking frame carrying the pawl has been actuated by it.
2. The combination, substantially as set forth, of the top and bottom plates, the
magnets B, C, pendent from the top plate, the arch-shaped frames B', pivoted upon
the lower plate, and consisting of two side bars connected by the armature of the
magnet B, the arch-shaped portion of the frame extending up between the magnets,
the shaft uniting the apper parts of the two side bars, the peripherally geared or
toothed winding wheel mounted centrally on said shaft and supporting the carbon
carriage, the shaft F", mounted in the lower part of the frame, and carrying a
pinion F, with which the geared wheel meshes, a ratchet wheel on one end of the
last-named shaft, and a brake-wheel upon the other, the arch-shaped frame C³,
pivoted on the bottom plate, and consisting of two side bare connected with the
armature of the magnet C, said side bars being arranged on the outer sides of the
frame B, and arching up over the shaft F1, the pawl carried by the frame C, and
the brake shoe mounted on the bottom plate.
3. The combination, substantially as set forth, of the top and bottom plates, the
magnets B, C, pendent from the top plate, the arch-shaped rocking frame B³,
actuated by the magnet B, and extending up between the magnets B, C, the carbon
carriage suspending wheel mounted in said frame, a gear moving with the wheel
and driving a pinion on a shaft mounted in said frame, a ratchet wheel and brake
wheel carried at opposite ends of said shaft, the rocking arch-shaped frame C³,
actuated by the magnet C, and extending up between the two magnets B, C, the
pawl on the frame C, engaging the ratchet wheel, the brake shoe, and the contacts
for automatically opening the circuits of the magnet C, when it has caused the
movement of its rocking frame.
4. The combination, substantially as set forth, of the magnet B, the rocking
frame carried thereby, the carbon carriage suspending wheel mounted in said frame,

page_text: a coil spring applied thereto and tending normally to raise the carriage, a gear
moving with enid wheel and driving a pinion on a shaft mounted in the frame, &
ratchet wheel and a brake wheel curried at opposite ends of said shaft, the frame C²
actuated by the magnet C, the pawl on the frame engaging the ratchet wheel, the
brake shoe, and the contacts for automatically opening the circuit of the magnet C,
when it has caused the movement of its frame.
5. The combination, substantially as set forth, of the magnet B, included in the
main circuit with the carbons, the rocking frame controlled by said magnet, and
from which is suspended the movable carbon carriage, whereby, on the rocking of
the carriage, the carbons are separated to establish the are, the magnet C, included
in a shunt circuit around the magnet B, the separable contacts S, S', in said shunt,
and opened by the frame of the maguet B, when the circuit through said magnet is
interrupted, the carbon feeding devices controlled by the magnet C, and means for
opening the shunt circuit including, said magnet, after its armature has been
attracted.
°
6. The combination, substantially as set forth, with the magnet B, included with
the carbons in the main circuit, means controlled thereby for raising the carbon
carriage to separate the carbous to establish the arc, the magnet C, included in a
shunt circuit, means controlled thereby to feed the carbon to maintain the normal
condition of the arc, and a cut-out contact adapted in the lowest position of the
carbon carriage, to close against a cut-out contact permanently connected through
the coils of the magnet C, whereby the armatures of both magnets are held
attracted, but, with the mechanism of the lamp at rest, with a complete circuit
through the lamp.
7. The combination, substantially as set forth, of the magnet B, included in the
main circuit with the carbons, the rocking frame controlled by said magnet and
from which is suspended the movable carbon carriage, whereby, on the rocking of
the carriage, the carbons are separated to establish the arc, the magnet C included
in the shunt circuit around the magnet B, the separable contacts S, S¹, in said
shunt, means for opening such contacts when the magnet B is de-energized, the
carbon feeding devices controlled by the magnet C, and means for opening the
shunt circuit, including said magnet after its armature has been attracted.
8. The electric aro lamp operating and being substantially as herein described
and shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Dated this 20th day of September 1894.
Witnesses::
HENRY K. ADAMS."
EDWARD C. DAVIDSON.
WILLIAM SMITH PENDLETON,