Improvements in the Manufacture of Nails, Rivets, or Fasteners.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 19th May, 1894-Accepted, 14th July, 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Nails, Rivets, or Fasteners.
I, RUDOLF MISCHE of 19 Roland Street, Hanover, Germany Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to he particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to nails rivets or fasteners for connecting or fastening
together soft or flexible materials such as paper celluloid india-rubber textile
fabrics, leather or parchment, tissues of metal or other material, the lighter kinds
of wood, and like purposes, and is especially designed for uniting several layers or
thicknesses of any such substances.
My improved fasteners may be made of any suitable metal, but by preference I
employ non-oxydisable or slightly oxydisable metals or those which do not form
poisonous oxides, and cannot therefore act injuriously on the materials to be united.
For this purpose I propose to use aluminium or its compounds and alloys, or zinc
or tin in combination with other suitable metals, such as copper.
In exterior form my fasteners may be round flat oval or of any preferred section.
They are specially characterised by deep depressions on the shank, and this feature
may be accompanied by a split point, and by hollow or concave flutes on the
elevated surface of the shank.
I will now describe the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
in which
Fig. 1, shows on an enlarged scale, a nail or rivet in section without head, and
with solid point.
a denotes the elevated and b the depressed portion of the shank.
Fig. 2, shows an elevation of a similar fastener with split point formed by the
groove e. The dotted lines show a form of countersunk head which can be adopted
for this or any other of the fasteners shown. a' shows a series of concave flutes,
all pointing in the same direction formed on the elevated portion of the shank.
Fig. 3, shows a similar fastener with an ornamental mushroom head f¹. In this
case the flutes point alternately in different directions.
Fig. 4, shows a section of a similar fastener with a flat head f2. The dotted
lines 9 show a collar or washer which may be used under the head or at the point
end when required. In the latter case the split points formed by e would be turned
back to lock the washer.
Fig. 5, shows a plan view of the washer g. 9' is the centre aperture. k, k, are
small hooks or lugs projecting from the surface of the washer, which may be used
on one or both sides of the washer.
Any other suitable head can be used, and the depressions and flutes may be of
any preferred dimension.
Fig. 6, shows an edge view of the washer g with hooks on both sides.
The mode of use is as follows. When the shank is inserted through several folds
or layers of material of a soft or flexible nature, the flutings and depressions
increase the area of contact and prevent any tendency to come off the fastener or
to separate, and at the same time prevent the shank from withdrawing. This
arises from the edges of the material engaging with the depressions and becoming
accomodated thereto. No sooner does a fold or layer of material reach the first
depression b, or pass over a projecting rib at the base of the point, than it becomes
detained and requires a pull to remove it.
If the point is split as shewn in Figs. 2, 3 & 4 and the nail is driven into a hard
material, the points will bend back and form a head or cap like the top of a

page_text: button. When a washer is also employed as in Fig. 4, furnished with projections,
the fastener is specially suited to india-rubber sheet or analogous substances of a
flexible nature.
If materials are employed which are moistened with some easily-drying fluid
such as water or benzine, then the surface of the fastener becomes oxydised, and
this produces an adhesion of the material to the metal, and this adhesion is
increased by the formation of different external surfaces, and thus an entire closing
of the aperture is effected and dust is excluded.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :
1. Nails rivets or fasteners with or without heads, made of aluminium, copper,
tin or zinc, or their alloys or compounds, or of any other suitable metal, of any
required dimensions and of any preferred form, having on their exterior surfaces
deep depressions with or without concave flutings and channelled or split points,
and with or without washers furnished with lugs or hooks; as herein described
and set forth.
2. Nails rivets and fasteners constructed specially for holding and retaining soft
or flexible substances in which they are inserted, and capable of forming a counter-
head or button, and of becoming oxydised and thereby adhering to said substances
and thus excluding dust, as herein described and set forth.
Dad his 10th of Mn 1904
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97, Newgate Street, London, Agent for Applicant.