AN ENTIRE NEW METHOD OF TWISTING AND WINDING UPON BOBBINS COTTON AND SHEEP'S WOOL, WHILST IN THE OPERATION OF ITS BEING DRAWN
Year: 1793

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, MATTHEW
ETCHELLS, of Mansfield, in the County of Nottingham, Cotton Spinner, sends
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighteenth day of April, in the thirty-third year of His
said Majesty's reign, reciting that the said Matthew Etchells had, by his
petition, humbly represented to His said Majesty that he had by great pains,
labour, and study, and at a great expence, invented, found out, and brought to
perfection "AN ENTIRE NEW METHOD OF TWISTING AND WINDING UPON BOBBINS
COTTON AND SHEEP'S WOOL, WHILST IN THE OPERATION OF ITS BEING DRAWN," by
which the process was performed with more facility, less labour and expence,
and to a greater degree of perfection, than by any method hitherto known or
made use of, and for that purpose had constructed, combined, and brought to
perfection certain machinery, which might be of great benefit and public
utility to the trade of this kingdom, His Majesty did thereby give and grant
unto the said Matthew Etchells, his executors, administrators, and assigns,
His special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that he, the said
Matthew Etchells, his executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of
them, by himself and themselves, or by his and their deputy or deputies,
servants, or agents, or such others as he, the said Matthew Etchells, his
executors, administrators, or assigns, should agree with, and no others, during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend his said Invention within that part of His Majesty's

page_text: Kingdom of Great Britain callel England. His Dominion of Wales, and
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner as to him, the said Matthow
Etchells. his executors, administrators, and assigns, or any of them, should in
his or their discretion seem meet, to have, hold, exercise, nnd enjoy the said
licence, powers, privileges, and advantages therein-before granted or mentioned
to be granted unto the said Matthew Etchells, his executors, administrators.
and assigns, for and during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years
from the date of the said Letters Patent next and immediately ensuing, and
fully to be compleat and ended, according to the Statute in such case made
and provided; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that if
the said Matthew Etchells should not particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of his said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under his hand and seal, and cause the same to
be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar
month next immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then
the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby
granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the
said in part recited Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, may and will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that the said Matthow Etchells, in compliance with
the said proviso, and performance of the condition therein contained, doth
bereby describe and ascertain the nature of his said Invention, in and by the
plan thereof to these presents annexed, and doth hereby declare that the samo
consits and is composed of the several particulars, and is to be performed in
manner and as herein-after is particularly mentioned (that is to say):-
Fig. 1. is a sectional view of a frame of wood, containing and showing one
spindle and bobbin, as at work, with its appendages thereto. Letter A is a
sectional view of a wood frame (or it may be made of any other suitable
substance). The breadth of its sides is three times that of their thickness. It is
put together by dovetails, or may be put together in any other firm manner.
At A, a socket, tube, or pipe, as passing through B and G. is inserted. B is
an horizontal wharl or pulley, by means of which the tube is firmly fixed in A
with screws. The wharl or pulley B is for the purpose of receiving motion
from the cylinder or roller D by a strap or other proper article. The cylinder
or roller D is connected by means of pulleys and a strap, as shewn on the
spindles E, e, motion being given to the spindle E; the whole is then in motion.
A is then moving round, being kept in a bolster at G at top, and held in its
central place at bottom by a socket or tube of iron or steel, which is fastened
in a plate of iron, and screwed on the top of the rail Q, which socket or tube

page_text: is shewn by letter I, under Fig. 11., and A is resting its weight on the bearing
or shoulder of it. At F upon A in Fig. I. is a tube of brass (or other suitable
metal) fixed on the left-hand side of A, and is a conductor of the article to be
twisted and wound, and at the same time serves as a centrifugal guard. It
follows the side of A in going round, so as to evade the influence of the air
upon the material, and without which the centrifugal force when A is greatly
accelerated would operate so as to prevent the bobbin from taking up, except it
has friction upon the soulder or bearing too great for a fine or tender substance
to draw the bobbin round. This tube or centrifugal guard is made at each
end somewhat trumpet-mouthed, so as to let the cotton or sheep's wool pass
freely and conveniently over the angle of the tube. Through the tube I under
Fig. II. the spindle II passes, which is kept in its central place by the tube,
and the lower part of the spindle is held near its bottom in a nick or notch by
an iron plate screwed to the under side of the lifting or traverse rail L, and is
pressed. into the notch by the spring M, as shewn under Fig. II., and so held
by the iron plate.N, as shewn under Fig. 11. by the spring pressing it to one
side of the hole. The spindle H, carrying the bobbin or spole, with a washer
of. brass, iron, leather, or any other proper substance at the shoulder, where
its smaller. part (which passes through the bobbin) commences, is moved
up and down perpendicularly by the lifting or traverse rail L, which rail is
moved up and down by means of an excentric wheel, raising and falling the
lever R, Fig. III., to the ends of which the rail L is connected at one end by
iron rods, and are adjusted by wing nuts screwed at the top of the rods, as
shewn at 0, 0, Fig. I. The other ends of the levers are fixed upon a pin
or centre, as shewn in Fig. III., at P. Under the levers are small rollers
resting upon the excentric wheels, which wheels and motion are generally
known in the spinning. business by the term heart motion; see an end view,
Fig. III. The traverse or lifting rail L is guided so as to move perpen-
dicularly by two iron pins and eight socket plates, as fixed and shewn in the
lower part of Fig. 1. By pressing the springs M at L, the spindle H is set
at liberty to drop, and the bobbin or spole may then be taken off, and a fresh
one be replaced, and the spindle again put up to its nick or notch a, a.
Fig. 1. represents a drawing 'head with its fluted and covered roller, below
which, and connected with the drawing head plates, are a pair of plain surfaced
rollers b, b, made of iron, brass, or other suitable substance, the ends of which
are shewn in Fig. III., at 6, and have motion communicated to them by a
strap from the under roller upon the upper part of the iron plates a, a; as
d, d, Fig. 1., or they may be moved by wheels instead of pulleys. At back of
the plain surfaced rollers b, b, is an iron plate with a hole dented through it, so
.

page_text: as to compress the cotton or sheep's wool before it passes through the rollers
b, b. This compressing plate is made trumpet-mouthed, as shewn in Fig. III.
at X, and is screwed fast to a cross piece of wood, which goes between the
iron plates a, a, Fig. I., below the lower plain surfaced rollers b, b, in Fig. 1,
but which kept out of sight in the Drawing to avoid a confused appearance.
Fig. IV. is a frame similar to A, in Fig. 1., and may be usel for the samo
purpose as A; but the roller k is carried round with A, and by means of a fast
or dead pulley upon the socket or tube 1, Fig. II., which, with a fine or sniall
band going over two small pulleys T, Fig. IV., on to a pulley U, upon the
end of the roller k. gives motion to the roller k, and moves a roller paralel
with itself by means of two pinions, as shewn at the end of k, in Fig. IV.,
and they take the cotton or sheep's wool from the drawing head or rollers a, a,
in Fig. I., without the aid of the rollers b, b, in Fig. I. This transposition of
the rollers b, b, from Fig. 1. into A may be used in A to the same purpose
as if placed in the iron frame a, a, and in some cases may be more convenient,
and will render the frame and spindle A applicable to any roving framo
already crected, and may be substituted instead of the common roving can or
box in general use, without any expensive alteration. The spindle H, Fig. II.,
may be put in notion for very fine work, by which the friction between it
and the bobbin or spole Y may nearly be removed, as the speed at which the
bobbin may run and that given to the spindle may be so adjusted as the
friction may be but little more than if there was no spindle within the bobbin.
The running of the spindle H is attended with the advantage of not being
subject to err in taking up, of using a much larger bobbin than otherwise
could be applied, and of running the machine at a velocity much greater than
it would otherwise bear to be moved at. In case the spindle II is made to
run, the plate N and spring M, under Fig. II., are removed, and a stop
applied for the bottom of the spindle to run in.
•
In witness whereof, the said Matthew Etchells hath hereunto set his
hand and scal, the Twenty-seventh day of April, in the thirty-third
year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord Georgo the Third, by the
grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender
of tho Faith, and so forth, and in the year of our Lord One thousand
seven hundred and ninety-three.
MATTHEW ETCHELLS. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of us,
WILL JAMSON.
ROBERT SMEDLEY.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twenty-seventh day of
April, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Matthew Etchells came
before our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Second day of May, in the year above written.