IMPROVEMENTS IN STREET LAMPS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Longland, of Landport, in the County
Hants, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STREET LAMPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Longland at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1862.
I, JOSEPH LONGLAND, of Landport, in the County of Hants, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STREET LAMPS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in stationary out of door
lamps for streets and other thoroughfares whereby a greater light is diffused
than by the lamps at present in use.
I propose to place inverted reflectors in the. roofs or covers of such lamps,
which reflectors can be made of looking-glass, polished metal, or other reflecting
substance; they may also be set at any required angle and their number may
be varied. The lamp may also be in the form of a triangle, or square, or
circular, or of other figure, but I prefer the triangular or three-sided form,
making the lamp very broad at the eaves, and diminishing the size to very
small proportions at the bottom, so that no bottom glass is required, three

page_text: glasses being the total number, exclusive of the looking-glass reflectors which
are protected outside with tin or other protective covering.
By these improvements the light is increased to more than double its
original power without any increase of gas, the reflectors throwing all the
rays of light downwards to the ground, which again diffuses them between the
ground and the lamps, and the bottom of the lamp being small scarcely offers
any obstruction to the light.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Longland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th June 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
LONGLAND, of Langport, in the County of Hants, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Joseph Longland, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph
Longland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Joseph Longland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN STREET LAMPS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
the said Joseph Longland, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Longland, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same. is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement :-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in stationary out of door

page_text: lamps for streets, highways, thoroughfares, squares, buildings, passages,
wharves, piers, bridges, landing places, lines of railway, including platforms
at stations and termini, parks, demesnes, recreation or pleasure grounds,
yards, docks, enclosures for commerce or business of any description, whereby
a greater light is diffused upon the ground than by the lamps at present
in use.
I place inverted reflectors in the roofs or covers of such lamps on a level
with the roofs or covers, or in any way above the flame, which reflectors can
be made of looking-glass, silvered glass, enamelled or ware plates, polished
metal, or other reflecting substance; they may also be set at any required
angle, and their number may be varied. The lamp may also be in the
form of a triangle, or square, or circular, or other figure, but I prefer the
square, making the lamp very broad at the eaves, and diminishing the
size to very small proportions at the bottom, so that no bottom glass is
required, four glasses being the total number, exclusive of the reflectors,
which are protected outside with tin, zinc, copper, or other protective
covering.
By these improvements the light is increased to about double its original
power in the old non-reflecting lamps without any. increase of gas, the
reflectors throwing all the rays of light downwards to the ground, which
again reflects and diffuses them between the ground and the lamps, and
the bottom of the lamp being small scarcely offers any obstruction to the
light.
In order that my said Invention may be more completely understood, I
proceed to explain the same with reference to the annexed Sheet of illustrative
Drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents an elevation of a lamp having four
glasses; Fig. 2 shews the cradle; and Fig. 3 is a horizontal plan view of the
cradle. The reflectors are situated underneath the cover or roof a. It will be
seen that the glasses approach nearly to a point at the lowest part, and there
is very little obstruction to the downward or oblique direction of the rays
caused by the reflectors.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention of "Improvements
in Street Lamps," and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
I would remark in conclusion that I do not limit myself to the precise details
and configuration of parts I have described and shewn, as the same may
obviously be varied or modified without departing from the principles on
which the Invention is based; but I claim as my Invention, and desire to be
secured to me by the herein in part recited Letters Patent, the general

page_text: arrangement and construction of parts herein specified, or any others
substantially the same constituting a street reflector lamp as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Longland, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three..
"Witness,
W. H. HATCH,
No. 1, Fratton Road,
Portsea.
JOSEPH LONGLAND. (L.s.)