matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING LAMPS AND APPARATUS FOR USE ON BOARD SHIP
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1879.
JOHN HARRIS, of No. 22, Well Street, Wellclose Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING LAMPS AND APPARATUS FOR USE ON
BOARD SHIP."
The object which I have in view is to indicate_more efficiently and conveniently
than is accomplished by any of the arrangements which have up to the present
been proposed the movements of the steering wheel and helm of a vessel, so that
other vessels in the vicinity may be able to regulate their movements by such
indications.
I provide in a conspicuous position on the top of a pole or standard a lamp
adapted to give an all round light, or if preferred the light may be screened from
parts of the horizon. This lamp is surrounded by two concentric cylinders of glass,
one green and the other red. These glasses are mounted upon rods arranged along-
side of the pole or standard, and by imparting longitudinal and vertical motion to
the rods the glasses are raised or lowered. When raised the glasses enclose the
lamp so that it can only be seen through the glass. When lowered the glasses pass
out of sight into a casing provided to receive them.
The rods are coupled in such manner that as one glass ascends the other descends.
They are also connected through interposed mechanism with the steering wheel and
rudder. When the rudder is amidships the lamp appears without any interposed
screen, and the cylindrical glasses are both hidden within the casing. The move-
ment of the helm from the midship position causes one or other of the glasses
gradually to rise into view. In the day time the glasses when raised are themselves
visible, and give the indication required. At night the indication is given by the
light of the lamp shewing through the colored glass.
The mechanism interposed between the steering wheel and the rods may consist
of an axis with arms upon it, one on either side, and a link in each case connects
the arm and rod. The axis also has upon it a band pulley, and a band or chain
encircles both it and a drum on the axis of the steering wheel.
Or toothed gear may be substituted both for the driving band and pulleys, and
for the arms and links; or, again, arms may be applied upon the rudder post so that
these impart longitudinal motion to horizontal rods, which in turn are made to
actuate the vertical rods through bell crank levers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DISINFECTING AND PURIFYING WEARING APPAREL, BEDDING, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Washington Lyon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1879.
WASHINGTON LYON, of St. Mary-le-Strand House, Old Kent Road, in the
County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
DISINFECTING AND PURIFYING WEARING APPAREL, BEDDING, AND OTHER
ARTICLES."
This Invention consists in an improved method of and apparatus for dis-
infecting and purifying wearing apparel, bedding, and other articles, by the
employment of which all germs of disease, vermin, and the eggs thereof, are
destroyed in a simple, expeditious, and efficacious manner, without the necessity of
employing acids, sulphur, or any substance or material liable to have an injurious
effect upon the articles under treatment.
The apparatus forming the subject of this Invention, consists of a chamber or
receptacle of any desired size, formed by preference of wrought iron lined on the
interior with wood. Above the lower side of the said chamber is arranged a
perforated false bottom, upon which the articles to be treated are deposited, or the
latter can be arranged in any suitable manner in the interior of the chamber or
receptacle. Steam is conducted to the space below the false bottom by means of a
pipe connected with a high pressure boiler, and passing through the perforations in
the said false bottom, comes into contact with the articles which it is desired to
disinfect or purify, whereby any germs of disease, moths, or other vermin are
instantly destroyed.
Any water resulting from the condensation of the steam descends through the
false bottom and is conducted away by means of a pipe. A third pipe is provided
for the purpose of facilitating the escape of any impure or waste steain. The
chamber or receptacle is also furnished with a safety valve for preventing any
excessive pressure of steam, the admission of the latter being controlled by a
regulator, as will be well understood. Access to the interior of the chamber or
receptacle is obtained by means of a door, which is so constructed as to close in a
steam-tight manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Job at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1879.
WILLIAM JOB, of Torquay, in the County of Devon.
SHOES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE
The object of my Invention is to prevent horses and other animals from slipping
during frosty weather, or when the streets or roads are slippery from other causes
than from frost, such as from slight rain, and so forth, and at the same time to be
thoroughly efficient for general wear.
According to my Invention I do not propose to combine with the iron of which
the shoe is made any other material, but I make the shoe of one metal only,
whether it be of wrought, or malleable cast iron, or steel, or other suitable metal.
When made of wrought iron I prefer to roll the metal in lengths, suitable to be
worked up into shoes, but they may be cast into shoes if desired.
The Invention is making the treading surface of the shoe with corrugations
thereon, and with divisions between the same; these corrugations are in some
instances of a U shape, somewhat flattened at the base, and in other instances they
are of a half U shape; when of a full U shape, there is an outer bearing surface or
rim surrounding the shoe, so that with this and the U shape corrugations I
provide three or three sets of separate bearing surfaces, the surfaces of the
corrugations being intermittent and the other continuous, except at the too part,
where I prefer to make the bearing surfaces continuous, whether there be two,
three, or more; when the corrugations are only half Ụ shape there would be only
two or two sets of bearing surfaces, and these intermittent except at the toe part,
as before described. The corrugations may in some instances be wider at the outer
than at the inner end of the shoes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRADS AND NAILS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Young at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1879.
WILLIAM YOUNG, of No. 4, Summerville Road, Peckham, in the County of
Surrey, Lamp Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRADS AND
NAILS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL
PURPOSES."
These improvements in the manufacture of brads and nails relate to the manu-
facturing them in such a manner that they cannot be withdrawn or come out by
accident, but will always remain firmly embedded in the article in which they are
used.
The principle of the Invention consists in manufacturing these brads and nails
with a barbed end or point, and made with one or more barbed projectors caused by
one or more angular indentations in the body of the brad or nail, the effect of these
projectors or shoulders being to cause a resistance to any attempt at removal after
the brad or nail has once been inserted in the leather, wood, or other substance, and
without increasing the solidity or specific gravity of the brad or nail.
Brads and nails made according to my Invention will be found capable of with-
standing a far greater pressure than the ordinary brads or nails now in use.
For boots and similar purposes these brads are peculiarly applicable, for by ineans
of the angular projections or shoulders it will be impossible for the soles in the
case of boots and shoes to come undone, or when used for other purposes to fall out.
The article in which my improved brads or nails are used may be subjected to the
greatest violence without injury to the brad or nail.
The same principle may also be applied to wood pegs, as also to spikes, wall
hooks, holdfasts, gas hooks, or ends of brad awls, files, and other similar articles.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCILS AND PENCIL CASES
Year: 1879

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hall Needham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1879.
WILLIAM HALL NEEDHAM, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Gentleman.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCILS AND PENCIL CASES."
My improvements consist, firstly, in a combination of any suitable form and
make of pencil or pencil holder with a receptacle for holding or containing a rolled,
folded, or otherwise arranged scrap or piece of paper intended for writing purposes;
secondly, in the combination of a roll of detachable paper for writing purposes
applied to an ordinary cedar pencil, said paper being gummed or otherwise secured
to the pencil at one extremity, and conveniently held at the other, its edges being
secured by gummed paper in a manner analogous to date and drawing paper
blocks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HURDLES, CONTINUOUS FENCING, SHEEP PENS, PROVENDER RACKS, AND OTHER LIKE STRUCTURES AND ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James MoEwen and Samuel Thompson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November
1879.
JAMES M°EWEN, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Ironmaster, and
SAMUEL THOMPSON, of Dudley aforesaid, Iron Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HURDLES, CONTINUOUS FENCING, SHEEP PENS, PROVENDER RACKS, AND OTHER
LIKE STRUCTURES AND ARTICLES."
Our Invention has for its object to combine in the said structures and articles
great strength with lightness and to effect economy in their manufacture.
We will describe our Invention as applied to a hurdle. As ordinarily constructed
the uprights of a hurdle are made of flat bar iron and the horizontal bars
of cylindrical rods; these rods are passed through and fixed in holes made in the
uprights.
In making a hurdle according to our Invention we make both the uprights and
the horizontal bars of the hurdle of strip or hoop iron or steel, having one or more
longitudinal corrugations extending along its whole length, the extreme edges of
the strip or hoop being turned at right angles or otherwise inclined to the plane of
the strip or hoop. The strip or hoop iron or steel which we use for the uprights
is stronger than that used for the horizontal bars. The corrugated strips are passed
through and fixed in holes made in the uprights, so that when the hurdles are in
use the principal plane of the strips or hoops forming the horizontal bars is in a
vertical position. The holes in the uprights may either have the same figure as
that of the strips or hoops passing through them, in which case they are fixed by
pins or cotters passed through them on each side of the upright, or the holes in the
uprights may be of greater breadth than is necessary for the passage of the strips,
in which case we fix the strips in the uprights by driving wedges into the holes in
the uprights after the strips have been adjusted to their places in the uprights.
The application of our Invention to the various structures and articles to which
it is applicable differs in no essential respect from its application to a burdle herein
explained.
A PAPER HOLDER AND BINDER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugen Schultz at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th May 1879. A communication from
Ferdinand Otto Schmidt, Fabrikant, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and
Empire of Germany.
EUGEN SCHULTZ, of Berlin, Französisch Strasse, 16, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Anwalt. "A PAPER HOLDER AND
A communication from Ferdinand Otto Schmidt, Fabrikant, of Berlin,
in the Kingdom of Prussia, and Empire of Germany.
BINDER."
The Invention relates to a combination of a paper holder with a paper binder for
the purpose of prevonting papers from falling out when the cover of the paper holder
is lifted in order to put in new papers. It consists in attaching under the base
plate of the paper holder a flat lever of sheet metal or other suitable material,
pivoted to the base plate so as to slide on the back of the latter, and provided with
a slot covered at the back so as to form a shallow groove for the reception of the
baso of the paper binder, the shank of the latter projecting through slots provided
in the cover and in the base plate of the paper holder. The slot in the base plate
is shaped and composed of two parts, the larger part (base of the 1) serving for
inserting the base of the paper binder, while the smaller part (shaft of the 1) allows
only the shank of the paper binder to project through the base plate. For inserting
a paper binder the cover of the paper holder is lifted and the base of the binder
inserted through the large slot of the base plate into the groove of the lever placed
behind the latter, after which the lever is turned by hand so as to slide the binder
into the small slot of the base plate, where the shank of the binder projects
through the slot while its base is retained. After this the papers can be stuck upon
the binder and clipped by the cover of the paper holder. When there are sufficient
papers on the binder the lever is turned so as to slide the binder into the large slot
of the base plate, from where it can be withdrawn after the points of the binder
have been turned down.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODES AND MEANS OF WASHING CHARCOAL FILTERS, AND IN FITTINGS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Stowart at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1879.
"
ANDREW STEWART, of the Carlsburn Sugar Refining Company, Greenock, in the
County of Renfrew, North Britain. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODES AND MEANS
OF WASHING CHARCOAL FILTERS, AND IN FITTINGS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
This said Invention has reference to the quicker, easier, and more perfect washing
or cleaning than heretofore of charcoal filters for defecating, straining, or clerifying
the syrup of sugar or of other liquor, and in certain new or improved means,
appliances, or fittings connected with such filters, which will save much time, and
effect the cleansing of the charcoal so much more effectually that it will last much
longer without renewal, besides filtering the liquors better and quicker than hereto-
fore. In such filters as heretofore constructed and used the straining took place by
the pressure and gravity of the liquor through the column of charcoal, which left it
gradually more chock up with the gross and dark colouring matters towards the
top and over the upper surface. And as the washing of the charcoal by a steam of
hot water admitted at the top from time to time as found necessary took place in
the same manner as the filteration, namely, by the pressure and gravitation of the
liqour downward, much of the dileterious and bad colouring matters were on
carried still further down into the lower body or column of charcoal, and not out of
it. But the nature and novelty of this Invention consist in reversing the washing
process by admitting the warm water or water and steam at the bottom of the
column and forcing and floating off the cloging up and bad colouring matters
upwards in the reverso direction to that in which they were deposited. This
Invention consists further in fitting new and special inlet hot-water and steam
branches with supply pipes led from pressure vessels, pumps, or boilers into the
bottom chamber of the filter, below a perforated distributing false bottom supporting
the charcoal over the lower chamber into which the steam is admitted by a ring or
other equivalent rose pipe, preferably perforated with small holes all round its upper
surface or circumference so as to heat and forco the water up through the perforated
bottom and charcoal, so as to freely carry off all the bad colouring matters with the
water through special discharge drawing off branches and pipes fitted to the top

page_text: cover, suitable stop cocks or valves being fitted on theso several inlet and discharge
water and steam branches or pipes and on the inlet and discharge branches or pipe
for admitting and drawing off the liquor before and after filteration, so that the
circulation of the washing water, or water and steam, may be done in the reverse
manner to that in which the liquor is filtered, all as stated, shutting off the one 5
circulation through the filter as the other one is going on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES AND FABRICS, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR SUCH USES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred William Suter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th June 1879. A. communication from
abroad by Pierre Marcellin, of Diculefit, Drôme, in the Republic of France.
ALFRED WILLIAM SUTER, of 38, Powell Road, Clapton, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES AND FABRICS,
AND IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR SUCH USES." [A communication
from abroad by Pierre Marcellin, of Dieulefit, Drôme, in the Republic of France.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in dyeing wool and other fibres
and fabrics, and in the preparation of materials for such uses.
For the purpose of dyeing a deep blue the following materials are employed:-
Extract of logwood
10 to 12 parts.
fustic
"
Sulphate of iron
כל
1
12 to 14
"
"
"
soda
copper
-
Bichromate of potash
Galls
Aniline blue
10
-
3
"
3
25
"
»
"
These are the proportions for a first bath; afterwards the quantities may be
reduced 20 per cent. The bath is sufficient to dye 100 parts of wool or woollen
fabric. When it is desired to dye a bright blue a reduction is made in the quantities
of the materials employed.
In preparing the extracts of the dye woods five parts of wood is employed to
produce one part of extract.
The nut galls are first boiled in water for three hours; the other materials are
then added, and the liquor is made up to the quantity requisite properly to work
the fibre or fabric. This, which should be well washed before the dyeing operation
is commenced, is introduced into the bath when it is at a temperature of about 80
degrees centigrade. The bath is brought to boil in about a quarter of an hour, and
at the end of an hour and a half or two hours the goods are removed and cooled in
the air for half an hour. They are then returned to the bath, and again boiled for
half an hour. They are then taken out and partly washed, but it is better to
postpone thorough washing until the next day. Afterwards the fabric or fibre is
dried in the sun or air.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LITHO- GRAPHIC AND OTHER SIMILAR PRINTING, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFor.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Butterfield, John Harper, and
Charles Scott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd
January 1879.
JAMES BUTTERFIELD, of Holloway, and JOHN HARPER and CHARLES SCOTT, of
Clerkenwell, both in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN LITHO-
GRAPHIC AND OTHER SIMILAR PRINTING, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFor.'
"
Our Invention consists in printing by the lithographic or zincographic process
from a rotary cylinder of stone or zinc, on which the picture, design, or other work
to be printed hins been drawn or transferred in the ordinary way now practised
with flat stones or plates; and the Invention consists further in the combination
with an impression cylinder and its usual adjuncts of one or more such rotary stones
or metal cylinders, each provided with its own set of damping and inking apparatus
suitably arranged, whereby we are enabled not only to print from a continuous roll
of paper, which is afterwards perforated or cut up into sheets, as in typographic
machines, thereby dispensing with the layer on and taker off, and working at a
much higher speed than with ordinary flat machines, but, by supplying each stone
with a different color, we are also enabled to print a number of different colors
simultaneously in one machine. We thus economize time and labor, and accomplish
a result not hitherto attainable in ordinary lithographic and zincographic machines.
A further advantage is that the machine occupies less space than an ordinary flat
machine.
The damping apparatus is self supplying, and consists of a hollow cylinder of
perforated metal, covered with felt and moleskiu in the ordinary way. This cylinder
is kept full of water supplied by a pump through one of the cylinder journals. In
the case of a rotary machine, as above described, two rollers similarly covered roll in
contact with this cylinder and with the stone, but in the case of a flat machine, to
which this damping cylinder is also applicable, the said cylinder would roll on a
damping board (covered like the rollers) and so charge it, the damping board charging
the damping rollers in turn in the ordinary way.
The pump would be worked from the impression cylinder or the table (as the
case may be), or other convenient working part of the machine by an arrangement
of gearing such as to admit of the working of the pump being regulated according
to requirements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOTII OR COVERED BUTTONS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1879. A
communication by Paul Bredt, of Barmen, in the German Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of No. 124, Loipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German
Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOTII OR COVERED BUTTONS." [A communication
by Paul Bredt, of Barmen, in the German Empire.]
In cloth or covered buttons as they are usually made a piece of fabric is caused
to bulge out from the central hole in the metallic base of the button, and it is by
sewing this bulge to the garment that the button is secured. Owing, however, to
want of strength in the bulging piece of fabric or to its imperfect hold in the body
of the button, the button becomes often detached from the garment, either by the
giving way of the material of the bulge or by its being drawn out from the body of
the button.
This Invention relates to the construction of buttons of the kind referred to in
such a manner as to prevent the risk of the buttons becoming detached in the
manner above stated from the garment to which they are sewn. For this purpose,
according to one method of construction, a piece of wire bent into the shape of
a U with the upper parts of its upright limbs bent laterally outwards is inserted
in the button, so that these lateral extensions rest on the interior of the metal
base of the button, while the bend of the U passes round from side to side under
the bulging fabric, thus supporting it and taking the strain when it is sewn to a
garment by stitches passing through the bulge within the loop of the wire. Instead
of bending the wire into the form of a deep U, so as to pass round under the
bulge, it may be made straight, or nearly so, or even curved inwards and laid
across the hole in the metal base of the button, the bulge being then in double
form, consisting of a lobe projecting downwards on each side of the wire. Two or
more wires may be arranged, as above described. Also, instead of using separate
wires, as described, the hole in the metal base may be made not as a complete
circle but as two nearly semicircular segments separated by a cross bar of the
metal, and this cross bar can be more or less bent down in U form to support the
bulge; or when it is not so bent the bulge may be double lobed as when a straight
or nearly straight wire is used. The hole might also be made with two or more
such bars crossing it. Such cross bars are by preference bent from the flat to a
rounded form in section, so as not to cut the fabric of the bulge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH PAPER MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Johnstone at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th June 1879.
WILLIAM JOHNSTONE, of Cathcart, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH PAPER MAKING MACHINES."
The said Invention relates to improvements in or connected with paper making
machines, and has for its objects to prevent the necessity for air pumps for
exhausting the air from the suction boxes which draw the water from the sheet of
paper pulp passing thereover, and to substitute therefor an arrangement as herein-
after described, whereby a continuous uniform pressure (variable at pleasure) upon
the sheet of paper pulp is obtained instead of the intermittent or pulsatory action
given by air puinps, which action produces wet bars, which are particularly
objectionable in the manufacture of coloured papers.
According to the said Invention the vacuum is produced by means of an
exhauster or ejector of any convenient construction upon a pipe communicating
with the last suction box, to which exhauster steam from the boilers or other
convenient place is led to blow through the exhauster, and by the action of the said
exhauster the air is drawn from the suction boxes, which communicate with each
other by a pipe furnished with a cock as usual. Each suction box communicates
by a pipe which may be called a balance pipe with a water box below, into
which the water from the pulp is discharged. The water in the pipes and boxes
acts as valves, and prevents air passing into the suction boxes. When the exhauster
is in action the water rises in the balance pipes to a height proportionate to the
amount of vacuum formed by the exhauster, so that the waste water assists the
steam in maintaining the vacuum.
In order to indicate the amount of vacuum in the suction boxes, and consequently
the external pressure upon the sheet of paper pulp passing over them, a vacuum
gauge is connected to the pipe through which the exhauster draws the air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING MILL- STONES AND OTHER GRINDING AND CRUSHING SURFACES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Stevenson and John Henry
Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th April
1879.
ANTHONY STEVENSON, of the City of Chester, Millwright, and JOHN HENRY
HARRISON, of the City of Chester, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING MILL-
STONES AND OTHER GRINDING AND CRUSHING SURFACES."
Our Invention relates to the application of what is known as the sand blast as a
means of renewing, preparing, or redressing such surfaces which by rubbing or
rolling contact become smooth in the process of grinding or crushing grain, flour,
or other substances usually treated by such surfaces.
The hard particles of sand, emery, corundum, or other suitable substances which
are propelled or urged forward by means of the current of air or steam are directed
against the grinding or crushing surfaces in such a manner as may be found most
convenient in order to roughen or redress such surfaces, the efficiency of which
depends upon the surface so produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF CAST IRON
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Nobel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th June 1879.
ALFRED NOBEL, of Paris, in the Republic of France, but temporarily of West-
minster Palace Hotel, in the City of Westminster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PURIFICATION OF CAST IRON."
It is a well known fact that the properties of steel and iron are much modified
by the presence of phosphorus and sulphur, and that most iron ores are contami-
nated with those substances.
My Invention consists in removing those noxious ingredients through the reaction
For that purpose I
of hydrogen gas, or a substance capable of evolving the same.
let the hydrogen gas enter under pressure the melted metal in the same manner as
air is introduced by the well known Bessemer process, but in order not to cool too
much the molten metal I raise the hydrogen gas before it enters the metal to the
highest temperature which can be practically attained.
Instead of hydrogen gas high pressure steam highly superheated can be applied
for the same purpose. The carbon of the cast iron or steel then unites with the
oxygen of the steam, and its hydrogen in the nascent state unites with the impu-
rities forming sulphuretted and phosphuretted hydrogen.
AN IMPROVED JOINT FOR RAILWAY RAILS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hyde Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September 1879.
JOHN HYDE EDWARDS, of Arnside, near Milnthorpe, in the County of West-
moreland, Civil Engineer. "AN IMPROVED JOINT FOR RAILWAY RAILS."
My improved joint consists of two plates, the upper parts of which fit between
the flanges of the rails in the same manner as the ordinary fish plates. One of my
improved fish plates is provided with a continuation fitting around one half of the
lower flange of the rails and with a lip and groove, the other fish plate has a con-
tinuation which fits around the other half of the lower flange of the rails, and it
terminates in a hook or hinge which takes into the groove above referred to. The
plates are bolted together through holes in the ends of the rails as in ordinary
fish plates, the continuations of the improved plates forming a support for the
under side of the ends of the rails which adds greatly to the solidity of the joint
and draws the ends of the rails into line. The mode of hingeing the plates
together under the rails may be modified.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF WATER TO WATER CLOSETS AND Other Places
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Nunn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1879.
WILLIAM NUNN, of Rye Lane, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF WATER TO WATER
CLOSETS AND Other Places."
The object of the Invention is to secure a sufficient supply of water to the basin
of a water closet and the flushing of the drain therefrom, or to secure adequate
supply in other cases where a flow and flushing are required, and at the same time
to prevent waste.
For this purpose the supply of water from a ball or such like tap, enters a holder
or container which is suspended on pivots applied, or the holder is otherwise
balanced, so that the tendency of it is to remain at rest during filling, and the rising
of the float for closing the supply. This holder is connected by chain or other
suitable connection with one end or part of a lever, the opposite end or part of
which is connected by chain or other connecting means to the operating handle in
the case of a closet. The above named lever is also connected to one end of another
holder or container also suspended to turn on an axis of motion, but so applied
as only to hold water when raised by the said lever, but not when in a normal
state.
Both these holders are suspended in a cistern from which the supply passes by
suitable pipe or passage.
By drawing down the one end of the lever connected at or near its opposite end
to the two holders, those holders will be both raised at one end, the upper one to
tilt out its contents, the other to retain a portion of the water so thrown from the
upper holder; at the same time a connection from this lever holds up the ball to
prevent fresh supply from the supply main, until the lever holding up the holders is
released;
when the upper holder resumes its position for receiving a fresh supply, the
ball is released, and that holder is again supplied whilst the lower holder by
being let down discharges its contents to seal the pan or otherwise to completo the
Alushing or furnish an after flush.
I do not confine myself to the use of two separate holders, as the holders may be
connected together or otherwise applied, the object being to obtain an extra supply
on the release of the operating means.
By these means the necessity for valves and waste pipes is avoided, whilst the
use of a definite quantity of water is secured.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SCREW-DRIVERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alice Isabel Lucan Gordon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1879.
ALICE ISABEL LUCAN GORDON, of South Kensington, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN SCREW-DRIVERS."
My Invention relates to an improvement in screw drivers, and it consists in
fitting on the shank or stem of the tool a tubular handle, sleeve, or collar of a form
suitable for holding in the one hand to guide the tool while being turned by the
other hand, which handle, sleeve, or collar does not turn with the tool but remains
stationary in the hand, the shank or stem of the tool turning within it. The shank
or stem is of cylindrical form and provided with two shoulders and washers or
collars, between which the handle, sleeve, or collar is fitted. The latter if of wood
may have a tubular lining or bush of metal, and it may be furnished with metal
ferrules at the ends which come in contact with the collars on the stem or shank to
prevent undue wear.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SCarfing and BENDING THE RIMS OR METAL TIRES OF VELOCIPEDE WHEELS AND SIMILAR WHEELS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Duncan Campbell and Jacob Walker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1879.
DUNCAN CAMPBELL, Clerk, and JACOB WALKER, Blacksmith, both of Wolver-
hampton, in the County of Stafford. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SCarfing and
BENDING THE RIMS OR METAL TIRES OF VELOCIPEDE WHEELS AND SIMILAR
WHEELS."
For scarfing the ends of a bar cut off to suit a given diameter of tire, we employ
rolls constructed thus:-One roll, preferably horizontal, is carried in suitable centres
or bearings, and has grooves and collars therein to suit the outer and inner shapes
of different sections of bar. Another roll constructed similarly to the one described,
but having grooves corresponding in position to the collars of the other roll, and
collars corresponding to the grooves of the other roll, is carried in bearings excentric
to the axis of the roll. One end of the bar is heated and inserted between the
rolls, so that as the excentric roll revolves the larger side of the excentric presses
against the iron and thins out, and thus scarfs the end of the bar. The other end
of the bar is treated in a similar manner, one end however being scarfed inside and
the other out. The last-described roll has motion imparted to it, and the first-
described roll moves only as the pressure comes on from the excentric roll.
The iron or steel bar from which the rim is to be formed is bent cold by having
one end held securely to the periphery of a wheel, which is caused to revolve, while
a roller, shaped at its edge to suit the groove of the bar, is pressed by means of a
screw or otherwise on to the bar. The roller is carried upon a fixed stud, and thus
as the wheel revolves bends the bar round the wheel, which is of course of the
proper diameter to suit the intended rim.
AN IMPROVED CENTRIFUGAL CRUSHING MACHINE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Smith at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th July 1879. (A communication
from abroad by Claude Désiré Goubet, of L'Ile St. Denis, Department of the
Seine, France.)
THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166,
Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents. "AN IMPROVED CENTRIFUGAL
CRUSHING MACHINE." (A communication from abroad by Claude Désiré Goubet,
of L'Ile St. Denis, Department of the Seine, France.)
The object of this Invention is an improved centrifugal crushing machine, its
principal feature consisting of two cones or conical drums, the base of one cone or
conical drum being placed against the base of the other cone.
These cones or
conical drums are caused to revolve rapidly in opposite directions in such a manner
that the substances to be crushed being introduced by the tops or apices of the cones
are projected or thrown against each other by the centrifugal force of the circum-
ferences of the cones or conical drums, and disaggregated, broken up, and pulverized
by the reciprocal action of the two opposite revolving motions of the conical
drums.
The substances are thus subjected to successive contrary and inverse movements
as they pass or are thrown from one cone or conical drum to the other, then
returning to the first cone, constantly striking against or encountering one another
and breaking up in the most complete manner.
As the substances attain the desired degree of fineness they escape by a space or
opening previously left between the two conical drums, thus giving place to fresh
substances.
The crushed substances fall into an envelope or cover, at the base of which they
are collected.
On the inclined sides of the conical drums one or more self closing openings are
formed for examination of the interior if required.
Horizontal crushers with continuous feed, or vertical crushers with intermittent
feed, may be constructed according to this system, and the shapes, materials, and
dimensions of their constituent parts may be varied.
The disaggregation may be also assisted and made more energetic by arranging
teeth, grooves, blades, or other devices in the revolving conical drums.
IMPROVED CLIP OR FASTENER FOR STOCKING-SUSPENDERS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Jenkin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June 1879.
"AN
THOMAS JENKIN, of Newgate Street, in the City of London, Manufacturer.
IMPROVED CLIP OR FASTENER FOR STOCKING-SUSPENDERS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES."
My Invention relates to an improved clip or fastener, chiefly designed to be used
with the stocking suspenders described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to Alfred Henry Cramp, dated the 24th March, A.D. 1875, No. 1078.
The said Invention is designed to facilitate the fastening and unfastening of the
stockings or other articles, and to render the suspenders more convenient and
comfortable to the wearers.
My improved clip is constructed and applied as follows, that is to say:―The
said clip consists of two pieces or frames of thin sheet brass or other suitable metal,
somewhat resembling the frames of buckles used for braces and similar articles.
One of the said frames has two transverse loops or slots, and a centre piece which
unites these slotted parts of the frame, and is provided with an eyelet or stud
projecting on one side of the said piece. This piece of the clip, which I term the
lower or inner frame, is to be inserted within the stocking, so that the said stud or
eyelet projects or makes a protuberance at the side of the stocking without passing
through the silk or other material of which the same is formed.
The other piece of the said clip, which I term the upper or outer frame, has one
transverse slot with a loop projecting downward from the same, and so formed and
arranged as to extend down outside of the stocking and engage with the aforesaid
stud.
The two pieces or frames of the said clip are secured by their transverse loops or
slots to the straps of the suspender, and I prefer that the frame which is inserted
within the stocking should be covered by its strap or otherwise, so that it will not
chafe or scratch the leg of the wearer. The said eyelet or stud should be formed
with a head which will permit the loop of the upper part of the clip to be readily
passed over it, but will prevent the accidental disconnection of the two parts by the
slipping of the loop from the eyelet.
The said Invention may be applied in like manner to suspenders or braces for
drawers and similar articles.
AN IMPROVED WICK FOR OIL LAMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Freeman and Absalom Elijah
.
Webb at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th April 1879.
JOHN FREEMAN, of Canonbury Lodge, Canonbury, and ABSALOM ELIJAH WEBB,
of Culford Road, Hackney, both in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED
WICK FOR OIL LAMPS."
This Invention relates to an improved wick for oil lamps, the object being the
formation of a wick that shall be indestructible.
According to our Invention we arrange strips of asbestos within a casing of
cotton or like fabric, which we draw or otherwise insert into a gauze wire exterior
tube. The wicks thus made can be in any length, from which short pieces can be
cut to be used in lamp burners of any construction.
The short lengths of wick thus made can be placed in lamp burners, and be wound
up or down by the usual lifting appliances to expose sufficient of the wick above
the burner tube for the flame.
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING AERATED AND GASEOUS WATERS AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND TO THE FORMATION OF BOTTLE NECKS TO RECEIVE SUCH STOPPERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Robertson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September 1879.
"IMPROVE-
NICHOLAS ROBERTSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING AERATED
AND GASEOUS WATERS AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND TO THE FORMATION OF BOTTLE
NECKS TO RECEIVE SUCH STOPPERS."
My Invention, relates to certain improvements in stoppers for internally
stoppering bottles containing aërated or gaseous liquids.
A stopper constructed according to my Invention consists of a tapered plug of
cork weighted at the small end, or a plug of cork tapered and weighted at both
ends. The bottle neck is formed with a taper corresponding with the taper of the
cork plug, and the bottle mouth is champhered internally to facilitate the
insertion of the plug into the bottle.
By my Invention I dispense with the elastic washers commonly used with
internal stoppers for bottles, the cork plug acting and forming joint with the
neck of the bottle without a washer. The tapered shape of the plug prevents
the stopper from being blown out, and the weighted end or ends ensure the
stopper falling in the right position in the neck of the bottle. The stopper is
weighted by a dovetailed piece of block tin inserted into the end or ends of the
cork plug, and of sufficient weight to cause the stopper to sink in the liquid so
as to facilitate corking, the bottle being filled in an inverted position.
The stoppers are forced into the bottle by pressure (in the case of single ended
stoppers at the broad end first), the champhering of the bottle mouth facilitating
insertion.
MENT IN BICYCLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Moseley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th June 1879.
CHARLES MOSELEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
MENT IN BICYCLES."
"AN IMPROVE-
In bicycles of the ordinary construction the saddle is fixed on the spring or
"back bone" connecting the fore and hind wheels. My improvement consists in
placing a block of india rubber or compound thereof between the saddle and the
spring or backbone of the bicycle, which prevents the vibrations of the bicycle
being transmitted to the rider, and ensures greater comfort.
MENTS IN SKATES AND IN FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th November 1879.
JACOB BROWN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN SKATES AND IN FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME."
"IMPROVE-
The object of this Invention is the construction of a new or improved device for
securing the skate to the heel of the boot which shall be simple and effective in
operation and capable of being readily applied to existing skates.
My improvements consist in the employment of a pair of levers centered on pins
(in a suitable box fixing secured to the heel of the skate). The outer ends of these
levers are turned upwards, and are each provided with a triangular or other shaped
claw, these claws being adjustable to suit various sizes of boot heels.
A spring band connects the outer ends of the levers together passing round the
back of the heel of the boot and which spring gives the levers a tendency to
assume their open position. In using this my improved "heel bite" the heel of the
boot is placed between the claws hereinbefore mentioned resting against the
spring band, and by giving the skate or the boot a partially rotary movement on
the heel the "heel bites "advance towards each other, and thus firmly grip the heel
of the boot.
I apply a spring latch in connection with this fastening so that as the skate comes
under the boot in the act of tightening the "heel bites" such latch prevents the
skate returning (except at the will of the operator) whilst the front of the skate is
fastened to the boot.
The front of the skate may be secured by my improved skate strap and buckles
for which Letters Patent were granted to me on the Sixteenth day of December 1876,
Number 4868, or in any other convenient manner.
A modification of this Invention consists in one or more continuous slots in the
box or heel plate in order to shorten or lengthen the bite by causing such plate to
turn upon the screw which secures it to the skate.
CONSTRUCTION OF HELMETS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Cooper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st February 1879.
EDWARD COOPER, of the Firm of Cooper, Box, and Company, of No. 105, Queen
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
Victoria Street, in the City of London, Manufacturer.
CONSTRUCTION OF HELMETS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD."
In the manufacture of helmets and other coverings for the head it has been
customary to use cork, but it has been found that cork alone is very liable to
fracture and to get out of shape and to become injured, but we have found that by
the use of two or more thicknesses of cork with a layer of muslin, leno, or other
fabric between them, the whole being secured together by a suitable solution, a body
is obtained at once tough and durable.
We have found india rubber solution to answer the purpose best for connecting
the respective layers together.
By these means we form not only the rim but the body thereof, and in some
cases we cover the cork with felt, alpaca, flock, or other fabric or material.
AN IMPROVED CLASP OR FASTENING FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER ALBUMS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Bishop at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1879. A communication
from abroad by Johann Frederich Knip, of Offenbach-on-Maine, in the Empire
of Germany.
FRANK BISHOP, of Soho Square, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED
CLASP OR FASTENING FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER ALBUMS." [A communication
from abroad by Johann Frederich Knip, of Offenbach-on-Maine, in the Empire of
Germany.]
This Invention relates to an improved fastening for photographic and other
albums, and it consists in an extensible spring clasp capable of holding the album
closed with a sufficient degree of pressure when empty, and of yielding to allow for
the increased thickness of the album when filled, so as to prevent any undue strain
on the clasp or the fastenings by which it is attached to the covers of the book, and
also avoid any unsightly bulging of the album when full. The spring clasp being
extensible also adunits of being more readily fastened and unfastened than a rigid
one.
According to this Invention the hasp or bar of the clasp is made in two parts
fitted to slide in or on one another, a spring or springs being applied between the
two so as to retract them, and by its compression allow of the extension of the
clasp, as above mentioned. In one form of clasp the hasp or clasp proper is of U
form. Both limbs are made in two parts, fitted to slide telescopically in or on one
another, and the outer extremities of two of these sliding parts are united by a bow
or cross piece suitably formed to embrace or engage with the stud or other catch on
a plate fixed to the edge of one cover of the book, as usual, whilst the opposite
extremities of the other two parts are hinged to a plate fixed to the edge of the
other cover of the book. Spiral springs are applied between the telescopically
sliding parts, and confined between cross pins or heads on the inner parts and a
flange or collar on the outer or tubular parts, so as to be compressed when the
telescopic limbs are extended.