matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES OR OTHER TIME-PIECES FOR INDICATING WHETHER THEY REQUIRE TO BE WOUND-UP OR NOT
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Tunks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July
1864.
I, DAVID TUNKS, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Watchmaker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WATCHES OR OTHER TIME-PIECES FOR INDICATING WHETHER THEY REQUIRE TO BE
WOUND-UP OR NOT," to be as follows:-
On the shaft of the fusee of a watch I fix a pinion, and gear it into a wheel,
to the shaft of which I fix a finger or pointer, and form on the face of the
watch an indicator formed of a segment of a circle corresponding with the
outer end of the finger or pointer, and marked at one extremity "up," and at
the other extremity "down." The pinion moves with the fusee, and turns
the wheel, and also the said finger or pointer, and when the watch is down or
unwound, the finger points to the word "down" on the segment, and when
the watch is being wound up the movement of the pinion is reversed, and
gives reverse motion to the wheel and finger until the latter points to the
word "up" on the segment. As the watch works the finger proceeds again
to the word "down," and thus the condition of the watch, whether it requires
to be wound up or not, can be detected by the position of the finger on the
segment.
Or instead of fixing the pinion on the shaft of the fusee, I fix it on any

page_text: other revolving shaft of the watch or timepiece which may be found convenient,
and transmit its motion to the finger or pointer by one or more wheels in
order that I may place the indicating segment either on the ordinary dial or
on any other part of the watch or timepiece.
IMPROVED. MEANS OF COMMUNICATING BETWEEN PASSENGERS. AND BETWEEN PASSENGERS. AND. GUARDS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by George Wilton at. the Office off
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th August.
1864..
I, GEORGE WILTON, of Doncaster, in the County of York, Mustard Manu--
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED.
MEANS OF COMMUNICATING BETWEEN PASSENGERS. AND BETWEEN PASSENGERS. AND.
GUARDS ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
The object of this. Invention is to provide a ready communication between
the passengers in different compartments of a railway carriage, and also.
between passengers and the guard of a train.. To this end. I fit the partitions
with sliding shutters, which are kept in position by a button, spring, fastening,
or other suitable support attached to the bottom of the shutter, and resting
upon a suitable bearing in the partition. This fastening or support is com-
manded by a transverse rod or rods which are fitted with projections to act:
on the button or support when moved slightly endwise, and thus to turn or
move the fastening and remove the support, so that the shutter will be allowed..
to fall by its own weight. The rods may be conveniently situated just above.
the padding of the carriage. A similar rod fitted to each end of the carriage
is so connected to a vertical shaft that when moved it will rock the vertical
shaft on its axis. To this shaft I attach a button or fastening for holding..

page_text: down the spring lid of a box fixed at or near the end of the carriage. When
this lid rises it will be a signal to the guard, calling his attention to the
inmates of that particular carriago; or to make a signal more conspicuous a
flag may spring up into view, or a small lamp. The signal may also be an
audible one if thought desirable, set in action by the means described.
A NEW. RAILWAY SIGNAL APPARATUS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léon Gustave Loiseau at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th October
1864.
I, LÉON GUSTAVE LOISEAU, of Paris, in the French Empire, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW. RAILWAY
SIGNAL APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
It
My Invention consists of an apparatus with a bell, which apparatus is put
in motion from the interior of the carriage, and the ringing of which bell is
intended to call the attention of the guard in a railway train. For this
purpose I make a frame of wrought or forged iron, or of any other suitable
metal or material of a square or rectangular form. At one end of the said
frame a bell is suspended by a flexible piece of steel or iron; the other end of
the frame is provided on each side with a projecting pin working freely in a
corresponding hole formed in each side of a suitable fulcrum fixed to the top
of the carriage, so that the apparatus may be depressed or raised at will.
is kept in an upright position by means of one or more springs at its base.
When the apparatus is depressed it is retained in a horizontal position by a
spring bolt fastened to the top of the carriage, one end of the said spring bolt
entering a recess formed in the frame, and the other end communicating with
the interior of the carriage by a wire terminated by a knob or handle, which
when pulled draws back the spring bolt and releases the apparatus which
springs into an upright position by the pressure of the spring or springs at its
base, thereby causing the bell to ring..
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brown Wilson and Charles
de Bergue at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th July 1864.
We, EDWARD BROWN WILSON, and CHARLES DE BERGUE, both of No. 10,
Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements have reference to furnaces having solid bottoms or
hearths, in which the fuel is filled or heaped up in front of and before and
above the flue or immediate orifice of exit for the flame and gases from the
fuel chamber, and consists in constructing such furnaces with a closed top or
cover over the fuel chamber, or with a top or cover which may be closed or
opened at will, and further in constructing such furnaces with a closed top
or cover in combination or otherwise with an inclined bottom to the hearth
or to an air passage thereto, or to both of them, the inclination or position
being such as to direct the draught in a somewhat rising or upward as well as
forward current towards the flue or orifice of exit. The current through the
furnace may be induced by a chimney or otherwise, and doors or openings are
to be provided for removing the ashes or examining the condition of the
furnace, and sometimes I allow air to be introduced at or near the bottom.
The top covering may be used in combination with the improved furnaces
already protected by Letters Patent, bearing date 3rd October 1863, and
numbered 2425, and described in the Complete Specification filed in pursuance
of the same, these being constructed without the face or front wall, or with

page_text: very low face walls and air holes being placed along the top of the fuel
chamber, under the cover passing down into the incandescent fuel, or into the
heating or melting chamber, and valves being furnished to these holes (if
desired) for regulating their use. When great intensity is required, the furnace
may be built with fuel chambers around a chamber in which the operations
of the furnace may be conducted, and delivering their gases into it, the
situation of which fuel chambers on plan may be on the sides of a triangle or
of a square or other figure, or the fuel chambers may be continuous and in fact
form one fuel chamber curved on plan or otherwise, or they may be opposite
to each other or in any way that will not interfere with the operations to be
conducted, the gases passing off either at the top or through one or any
convenient number of flues to keep clear of which the number and disposition
of the fuel chambers must be arranged to suit any particular case.
AN IMPROVED WATCH PROTECTOR
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Burgess at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th September
1864.
I, EDWIN BURGESS, of High Street, Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED WATCH
PROTECTOR," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to secure a watch in the pocket so as to
prevent its being easily removed therefrom by any person without the know-
ledge of the wearer. For this purpose I construct a separate case or "watch
protector" of metal or other suitable material, and similar in appearance to
the case of an ordinary hunting watch; but it may be made square or of any
other figure, but I prefer it to be circular for convenience. Part of one side
of this case or "watch protector" is hinged at or about the centre line, so as,
when opened, to allow of the watch being withdrawn, and when closed, by
means of a suitably arranged spring, to securely retain the watch therein,
leaving only the bow of the watch projecting through an opening formed in
the edge of the case. This case or "watch protector" is secured to the
interior of the pocket by means of a small eye or ring attached to the edge of
the same, and which passes through the pocket and is held by a spring, hook,
or other suitable fastening attached to the garment. The withdrawing and
replacing the watch can be readily done by the wearer, who will be accus-

page_text: tomed to the position of the spring for opening and closing the fixed case or
"watch protector," but which could only be accomplished by others with somo
difficulty. It will be evident that this "watch protector" will also act as a
guard against the watch being broken by accident.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH- LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Matthews at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th June 1864.
I, WILLIAM JAMES MATTHEWS, of Albert Place, New Street, Aston New
Town, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Fire-arm Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-
LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in breech-loading fire-arms, whereby
greater simplicity of action, durability, and cheapness is obtained.
According to this Invention it is proposed to forge the breech in one piece
with the barrel, or if desired the breech may be screwed therein. A slightly
tapered circular opening is made transversely through the breech to receive
a correspondingly tapered plug, which plug entirely closes the breech when in
a position for firing. This plug has a groove or slot made therein extending
nearly its entire length, a portion of this groove or slot being inclined for
the purpose herein-after described. A pin or projection is fitted or formed on
one edge of the lock plate, which pin or projection works in the slot or groove
formed in the plug, and acts as a guide to and prevents the plug from being
entirely withdrawn in opening the breech to receive the charge. The inclined
portion of the groove above referred to acting on the pin serves to free the
plug on commencing to open the breech, and in closing the same serves to
force the plug into its position. A lever handle is fitted or formed on one
end of the plug for the facility of opening and closing the breech. This lever
is so formed as to prevent the hammer striking the nipple except when the

page_text: breech is closed. The charge is inserted at the rear end of the breech, an
opening being made therein to receive the same, and the front end of the plug
is bevelled for the purpose of forcing the charge into the chamber in the act
of closing the breech.
Another part of this Invention consists in protecting the "foresight" of
fire-arms from injury; this is effected by forming a lug or pillar on each side
thereof.
Another part of this Invention relates to the trigger and trigger guard of
fire-arms, and consists in centring the trigger to its guard in lieu of having a
separate piece for that purpose as in the ordinary manner, thus reducing the
expence of manufacture, and obtaining greater strength.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAINS AND DRAIN TILES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Peacock Savage at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
June 1864.
I, WILLIAM PEACOCK SAVAGE, of Hilgay Lodge, Downham, in the County
of Norfolk, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DRAINS AND DRAIN TILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in drains and drain tiles.
Drains for agricultural purposes are now commonly constructed of tiles of
horse shoe form in section, and they are laid on flat tiles or soles, such drains
are however very liable to be rendered useless by the shifting of the horse-
shoe tiles out of the true line during the filling in of the earth into the
trench.
Now according to my Invention, I make tiles for the soles with flanges on
each side at a distance apart equal to or slightly exceeding the width of the
horse shoe tile and flat between the flanges. These tiles are laid as the sole
of the drain as heretofore, and the horse-shoe tiles are laid upon them
between the flanges, which then serve effectually to prevent any lateral
displacement of the horse-shoe tiles in the process of filling in the trench.
When tiles which are circular in section or pipe tiles are used in con-
structing agricultural drains there is also a risk of the lateral displacement
of the tiles in the process of filling in the trench in which they are laid.
In order to prevent this I employ tiles made flat on the under side to rest
on the bottom of the trench, and on their upper surfaces concave, to the curve

page_text: of the exterior of the drain pipes with which they are used; one of these
tiles is laid under the ends of each pair of pipe tiles where they butt
together, and it effectually prevents them getting out of the true line one
with the other, either in a vertical or horizontal direction.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PROJECTILES, AND IN SABOTS FOR PROJECTILES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Plaister Harriss at the
- Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the 19th
October 1864.
I, JAMES PLAISTER HARRISS, of Stanley Hall, in the County of York,
Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROJECTILES, AND IN SABOTS FOR PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to give rotary or spiral motion to projectiles
fired from smooth-bore guns. This object is attained by rifling the projectiles
or sabots which hold them in such a way that a portion of the propellent or
impulsive force of the explosive gases is guided so as to exercise its power at
right angles to the line of translation, or (in other words) to the axis of the
projectile in the line of translation.
My Invention consists, 1st, in a particular method of rifling; 2nd, in the.
use of a "sabot" for receiving the rifling and transmitting the rotary force to.
the projectile itself.
The rifling consists of one or more grooves on the surface, or in one or
more grooves or passages in the interior placed either singly, or in groups..
They have an obstruction or closed end, against which the gases impinge;.
they run at first parallel to the line of fire, that is, to the axis of the projectile.
coincident with that line, and then at right angles to the vertical plane of that;
axis, as bounded by the first part of the groove..
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a longitudinal section of one of
my projectiles with external grooves, and in this case the number of grooves
is four; Figure 2 is a transverse section on the line E, F; and Figure 3

page_text: a similar view on the line G, H, of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a longitudinal
section; Figure 5 a transverse section on the line C, D; and Figure 6 a
section on the line E, F; Figure 7 is a section on the line G, H, of Figure 4;
and Figure 8 is a longitudindl section on the line A, J, of Figure 4, showing
one of my projectiles with internal grooves, which may be either, angular, as
shewn in the accompanying Drawings or circular; Figure 9 is a section on
the line G, H, of Figure 4, shewing a different position for the outlet passages ;
Figure 10 is an external elevation of my internally grooved projectiles of the
form I prefer. x, a, are two bearing surfaces, the metal between them being
hollowed out the gases rush along the grooves until they strike the obstruction
or closed end, and cause the. projectile to spin. The "sabots "are rifled
similarly to the projectiles described, and they are applied to spherical and to
elongated projectiles. The "sabot" is in other respects of a similar kind to
those used in Her Majesty's service, and is attached to-the-projectile in the
same way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING LEAKAGE OF THE TUBES OF TUBULAR BOILERS AND OTHER TUBULAR STEAM AND WATER APPARATUS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Reid at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October
1864. A communication from abroad by Edward Clark, of New York,
in the United States of America.
I, CHARLES HENRY REID, of 3, East India Avenue, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PREVENTING LEAKAGE OF THE TUBES OF TUBULAR BOILERS AND OTHER TUBULAR
STEAM AND WATER APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preventing leakage of the
tubes of tubular boilers and other tubular steam and water apparatus. The
tubular flues and tubes of steam boilers and other steam and water apparatus
generally give way or leak first at the connection with the tube plate through
which the ends of the tubes are passed, and in which the ends are fastened.
Now the Invention consists in the employment of short split tubes or rings,
which are cylindrical outside and conical on the inside. The external diameter
of these short tubes corresponds with the interior of the tubes of the boiler or
other apparatus, but the short tubes are yet capable of being readily inserted
into the ends of such tubes. The longitudinal splitting of the short tubes or
rings is in an inclined direction, through the metal, so that the edges overlap
each other, and so that the split will not be opened when a tube or ring is
somewhat expanded to cause it to fit closely within the end of a boiler or other
tube. In addition to these short split tubes other short tubes are used, which
are cylindrical inside and conical out, and they have each a flange at their
outer ends. These tubes fit within the split tubes at their inner end, and their

page_text: flanges extend over the outer ends of the tubular flues or other tubes fixed in
the plate. In order to stop the leak of a tubular flue or other tube fixed in a
tube plate a screw bolt and screw nut are used. On the end of the screw
bolt is a cross bar or instrument pin-jointed to the screw bolt. This cross
bead or instrument can pass through the short tubes introduced into the end
of a tubular_flue when in one position, and then when opened out the ends of
the cross head come against the end of the split tube. There is a second cross
bar or cross head or plate used, which rests against the outer surface of the
flanged end of the second or inner short tube above described. In using this
apparatus-the-two-short-tubes-are-_to_be_introduced with the screw bolt into
the end of the tube, and then the screw nut is to be turned till-the split tube
is drawn upon the inner short tube, and has by it been caused to expand to
the requisite extent when the screw bolt, nut, and cross heads are to be
removed.
i
IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBROIDERING OR ORNAMENTING WOVEN OR SPUN FABRICS, APPLICABLE TO ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, ORNAMENTAL DECORATIONS OF FURNITURE, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Amelia Higgins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 20th September
1864.
I, AMELIA HIGGINS, of 34, Freeschool Street, Parish of St. John's, Horsely-
down, Southwark, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBROIDERING OR ORNAMENTING WOVEN OR SPUN FABRICS,
APPLICABLE TO ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, ORNAMENTAL DECORATIONS OF
FURNITURE, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is a new mode of producing artificial flowers and foliage in
close imitation of nature in various materials, such as crape, areophane,
chenille, and similar materials worked on to a ground of silk, satin, velvet, or
other woven or spun fabrics.
The novelty of this Invention consists in producing most rich and elegant
embroidery by a mode entirely new and differing from all other modes of
making artificial flowers hitherto in use. By the flowers being raised out from
the groundwork or material on which they are worked, a more perfect
imitation of nature is produced, no artificial coloring of any kind is used in
the process, each variety of color required being obtained from the material
used; and when a bouquet or garland is completed, it is so firm in its character
that it will not easily crush or get out of shape.
The mode of working the flowers is as follows:-A portion of crape or
areophane is shaped to imitate the leaf or petal or other component part of a
flower, and then sewn with silk on to the ground of silk, satin, or velvet, or

page_text: other woven or spun fabrics, and so on successively with each piece until a
raised flower is produced in close imitation of nature. The leaves, tendrils,
or other similar portions of the plants to bo imitated are shaped and worked
on to the ground in a similar manner to the flowers, only chenille is used
instead of crape, except where raised leaves are required, in which case the
chenillo is raised out on a foundation of arcophane.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK AND AGRICULTURAL AND TRACTION ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Craven and Samson Fox
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the..
27th October 1864.
We, JOHN CRAVEN and SAMSON Fox, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK AND AGRICULTURAL AND TRACTION ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the axles and bearings, and the improvements
consist in a peculiar construction, arrangement, and mode of operation thereof,
whereby the wheels are capable of self-adjustment to the lines of rails, so as
to run upon sharp curves without danger of running off or increasing the
friction of the wheels on the rails, and consequently avoiding the present wear
and tear. Each wheel is fixed upon a separate axle, and the inner ends of
the two axles to each pair of wheels are supported in moveable bearings
carried in each end of a connecting link, or the two arms of a lever placed
intermediate betwixt the two wheels and hinged in the middle on a stud fixed
to the framing of the engine or carriage, so as to be capable of swivelling
thereon. The outer ends of the axles are supported in the usual kind of axle
boxes, which are formed and arranged so as to allow oscillation of the axles.
The lever bearings of one pair of axles may be connected diagonally by a rod
to the lever bearings of the next pair of axles. By these improvements the
wheels are capable of self-adjustment to any curve (or to straight lines) of
rails, as the axles are always brought into radial lines with the centre of the

page_text: The wheels being thus self-adjusting to the rails, there is no
tendency to run off the rails, and thereby friction and wear and tear are
avoided.
Agricultural and traction engines may be turned or moved in very sharp
curves, by the application of these improvements and any ordinary steering
apparatus.
AN IMPROVED PACKING FOR ENGINES OR MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hartshorne, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on 9th July
1864. A communication from abroad by Thomas Holt, of Trieste, in
the Kingdom of Austria.
I GEORGE HARTSHORNE, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PACKING FOR ENGINES OR MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in packing the cylinders and pistons or other similar
working parts of such engines or machines as may require air-tight packing,
by the employment of a jacket of mercury for such parts to work in; for
instance, in constructing a steam engine an outside cylinder (A) of cast-iron
is employed having projecting flanges for the support of the guide frames.
Inside this a second cylinder (B) is placed formed of boiler plate with a cast-
iron top rivetted to it; between these two cylinders is a jacket space (C)
filled with mercury, in which works the moving cylinder, the mercury keeping
the cylinders constantly packed steam-tight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF FIRE- RESISTING CEMENTS AND MATERIALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Martin and Edward Young
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
5th April 1864.
We, STEPHEN MARTIN, the younger, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Iron Merchant, and EDWARD YOUNG, of Oughtibridge, near Sheffield, afore-
said, Fire-brick Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF FIRE-
RESISTING CEMENTS AND MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
We manufacture our improved fire-resisting materials by taking the ore of
titanium or titanic acid, commonly called rutile, or any other ore of titanium
(such, for instance, as that called ilmanite), which may be pure enough for
the purpose, and after having pulverised it, we mix it in about even propor-
tions with ground ganister (a silicious stone), or silica as pure as can be
readily obtained; we then moisten the compound when thoroughly mixed with
milk of lime. The mixture is then tempered and moulded into the required
shape, and is dried and burnt similar to an ordinary ganister or silica fire-
brick. Instead of mixing the titanium or titanic ore with ganister or silica,
other suitable materials may be employed, and the proportions above-men-
tioned, which we find to answer best, may be varied. In some cases we mix the
titanium or titanic ore with carbon, steatite, or alumina or silicate of alumina,
and instead of moistening with milk of lime we use water only, or water with
sulphate of potash, fluor spar, or any other suitable flux or cement.
apply fire-resisting material or cement, when manufactured as above-described,
We

page_text: to the making of crucibles or pots for tuyeres for blast furnaces, Bessemer,
vessels, cupolas, and forges, and for bricks for lining all kinds of furnaces,
such as steel melting furnaces, puddling furnaces, and blast furnaces, and for
the making of gas and other retorts. We also use our improved fire-resisting
materials unburnt in the form of a plaster or cement for lining furnaces and
fire-places, or for forming a lining or casing in other places where the action
of fire has to be resisted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON, SILK, WOOLLEN, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Horrocks and John Horrocks
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1864.
We, JAMES HORROCKS and JOHN HORROCKS, both of Ainsworth, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON, SILK, WOOLLEN, OR OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIAL," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary throstle used for spinning, the spindle which carries the
flyer and warve works in a footstep fixed in the bottom rail, and also in a bush
fixed in the top rail. The object of our improvement is to reduce the weight
of the revolving spindle which carries the flyer, and thereby decrease the
amount of power required to drive the machine or increase the velocity
of the revolving spindle by using the same amount of power, which will
also increase the production of the machine. To accomplish this, we fix a
hollow stem to the top rail, on which stem the bobbin revolves and slides
vertically by the action of the lifting rail. The spindle carrying the flyer and
the warve on its top works in the hollow portion of the said stem, which has
the portion between the working bearings of the spindle enlarged, so as to
contain oil for lubricating the said bearings. We place between the bobbin
and the traversing rail one or more metallic friction washers to prevent the
bobbin revolving too rapidly. Other material for friction washers may be used.

page_text: We also place the warve on a tube, which revolves on the stem before named,
and carries the bobbin, the flyer being fixed on the spindle, as before mentioned;
in this case the thread drags the flyer, and causes the spindle to revolve.
When desirable we pass a spindle or stem through the top and bottom rail, and
fix it thereto in any convenient manner, to prevent it from revolving, its top
portion being made hollow to answer the purpose of the stem before mentioned.
The warve when fixed on the top of the spindle has a passage or passages
through it to allow the thread to pass to the flyer, and to give facilities for
piecing the thread.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS USED FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES, AND IN DRYING ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM THE SAME
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Scrivener at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1864.
I, ROBERT SCRIVENER, of Hanley, in the County of Stafford, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION OF CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS USED FOR MANUFACTURING
PURPOSES, AND IN DRYING ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
One of the objects of this Invention is to make what is technically termed
"slip" into a body of sufficient consistency to be used in the manufacture of
china, earthenware, stoneware, encaustic tiles, and terra cotta. For this
purpose I make a chamber of wood or other suitable material, of any con-
venient size or form, above and upon which I place a frame of a suitable
depth, with a perforated bottom made of zinc, copper wire, or suitable material,
over which is placed a layer of calico; upon this is poured the "slip" to be
operated upon. I attach a fan or air pump to the chamber, which fan or
pump being put in motion either by steam, hand, or other power, exhausts the
air, and forms a vacuum; the water is then expelled from the "slip" by the
pressure of the atmosphere upon the surface, and the "slip" is consequently
brought to any desired degree of consistency. When a large quantity is
required, I use two or more such apparatus.
In order to obviate the necessity of the workmen entering the hot chambers
employed in drying the manufactured articles, and to economize space and fuel,

page_text: I make use of the ordinary drying rooms, whether they be square, oblong, or
of any other form, and place the articles to be dried upon shelves or bearers.
At the bottom or other convenient part of the room I form an aperture
connected by pipes and valves with a fan. This fan on being put in motion
exhausts the air in the chamber or room, openings being made at or near the
top of such chamber or room for the admission of fresh air. By these means
a constant current is kept up until the articles are sufficiently dried, when they
are removed and replaced by others to be submitted to the same process.
When warm air is required, I heat the air in the room in which the fan is
placed by any known means; or I place the fan in connection with a hot air
chamber similar to those used for hot blast in the manufacture of iron. In
this case the action of the fan is reversed, and the heated air is driven along
the pipes into the chamber, and the vapour is carried off by the openings at or
near the top of the said chamber.
A series of chambers can be operated upon simultaneously when required.
A NEW OR IMPROVED OVERCOAT
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
August 1864.-A communication from abroad by Louis Baptiste Varlet,
of the Rue Saint Lazare, Paris, France, Merchant Tailor.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED OVERCOAT," (a communication to me from abroad by Louis Baptiste
Varlet, of the Rue Saint Lazare, Paris, France, Merchant Tailor,) to be as
follows:-
This overcoat crosses in front as shewn, Figure 1 of the accompanying
Sheet of Drawing, forming part of this Provisional Specification, and is
fastened by means of four buttons placed on each side (see Figure 5). The
lappels and the collar are of the shape shewn at Figure 1, and may be
closed at pleasure up to the top by means of a clasp and the last button. The
front and a piece or cape which hangs over the sleeve (see Figures 1 and 5)
are of one piece. In the body, which is of the same material, is a large
opening made to receive a sleeve having one seam only, and cut at the top
as shewn, Figures 2 and 3, Figure 2 shewing sleeve open, and Figure 3 same
closed. The top of the sleeve is thus cut to make up into the shoulder strap
of the body, which shoulder piece is narrower than in other garments, and
the under-part-is-cut round to fit the opening in the body, and facilitate all
the movements of the arm-up and down. At the bottom of the sleeve is an

page_text: opening of about 6 inches closing by a button, another button being placed
about 4 or 5 inches from the first, in order that the wearer may himself loosen
or tighten his sleeve at pleasure. Under the piece which hangs over the
sleeve and on the body are 5 pockets, 3 on the right and one on the left,
that which is on the breast (see Figure 4) is a safety pocket, covered by a
small overlap fastening by a spring. In the bottom of the back, which is
shaped as shewn, Figure 6, is an opening about 13 inches long, closed by
means of two small buttons.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRO- JECTILES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Holden Huxley at the Office
of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th August
1864..
I, JOHN HOLDEN HUXLEY, of Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRO-
JECTILES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to secure the accuracy of aim attained by
rotating projectiles, and at the same time prevent the difficulties connected
with the rifling and use of rifled guns, my Invention being I use a pro-
jectile of an essentially cylindrical form, but balanced in the usual way, the
forward end being a solid cone or hemisphere, and the hinder end being a
hollow cone or hemisphere; but in order to produce the rotation of the
said projectile I form a channel or channels along the side thereof from end
to end of the cylindrical portion, the said channel or channels being at some
angle with the axis of the said projectile, by which means a small portion of
the exploded gases escapes past the projectile, and in so doing acts directly
upon the inclined planes which form the sides of the said channel or channels,
and so produces the rotary motion.
My Invention consists in the use of the inclined planes aforesaid on the
side of a solid cylinder to produce rotary motion in projectiles in conjunction
with fire-arms of smooth bore only.

page_text: I do not confine myself to the use of any particular angle with the axis of
the projectile in the use of the said channels or inclined planes, which may be
said to form the sides thereof, neither to the number, length, breadth, or
depth of the said channels, which conditions may be varied according to the
velocity of rotation deemed desirable; but I prefer to make the cylindrical
part of the projectile in length as 1 diameters, and to make the angle of the
inclined plane 45 degrees, as being most economical. The opposite inclined
plane I prefer to make at a considerably greater angle with a view, by
allowing such expansion, to avoid any counterbalance through reflected force.
My said projectile may also, if thought desirable, be covered with a thin lead
or metallic covering, whereby the said projectile can be used as a smooth
projectile, the aforesaid channel or channels then being within the said
covering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAULING APPARATUS, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Newsum at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November.
1864.
I, GEORGE NEWSUM, of Hunslet, in the Parish of Leeds, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HAULING APPARATUS, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
.
My Invention has particular reference to the winding of ropes round
ordinary drums used in connexion with steam or other motive-power engines.
for hauling ploughs and other agricultural implements.
It has been found difficult in practice to wind the ropes evenly upon the
ordinary flat-bottomed drums; these drums, as it is well known, work in pairs
on the same axis, but independently of each other, rotating in opposite
directions, the one drum paying out the rope whilst the other is receiving it,.
and vice versa.
To obviate the effects of uneven winding is the object of my Invention, and
I accomplish this by placing on two opposite sides of a pair of drums fixed in
the ordinary manner (or if preferred on separate axes) a species of compound
jointed lever, the fulcrum of which for convenience may be attached to the
under side of the boiler when steam power is used. One end of each lever I
make fork-shaped and slotted to receive a nut carrying a screw. The other
end of each lever carries two small grooved guide pulleys swinging on joints
at right angles with the fulcrum of each lever; a similar joint is likewise

page_text: made on this arm of each lever near to the fulcrum. At an angle with these
two levers (which are so placed that the grooved guide pulleys on each are
opposite to their respective drums) I place a shaft having a worm on each
extremity actuating a worm wheel keyed on to each of the screw shafts
depending from a bracket, and passing through the forked end of each lever.
This shaft in turn receives its motion (and that alternate in direction by
means of clutched bevil wheels) from a bevil wheel on a pinon shaft actuated
by the gear of the upper drum.
The speed of the pinon working in the gear of the upper drum, as well
as that of the bevilled wheels, worms, and worm wheels, and the pitch of
the screws are dependant upon the speed of winding and of the diameter of
the rope.
The apparatus being set in motion a reciprocating motion is imparted to the
lever by the screws passing through the nuts in the forked extremities of the
same, and thus the guide pulleys cover the bottoms of the drums evenly, and
as the thickness of the coils increases, the joints near the fulcrum and at right
angles to the same yield the requisite amount, whilst the grooved pulley by
virtue of the joint on which it swings accommodates itself to any sudden twist
of the rope.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND IMPLEMENTS FOR THE CULTIVATION OF THE LAND BY STEAM POWER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, left by William Steevens at the Office
of the Commissioners, of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1864.
"I, WILLIAM STEEVENS, of the "Godolphin Road, 'Hammersmith, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
AND IMPLEMENTS FOR THE CULTIVATION OF THE LAND BY STEAM POWER," to be
as follows:-
First, my improvements consist in certain new mechanical' arrangements in
the construction of the portable steam engine for ploughing 'and tilling the
land, hauling implements, and other purposes.
I have a strong iron girder-beam frame placed horizontally the whole
length of the engine, sufficiently strong to bear the weight of the boiler in the
centre, and the strain of two large drums or pulleys that revolve round on
this iron girder frame, leaving the boiler perfectly free from any bearing or
strain on it, with the exception of its own duties, that of generating the constant
supply of steam.
The cylinders, crank shaft, piston rods, and apparatus for driving the
engine are fixed on a strong plate horizontally, and bolted on the main frame,
thereby leaving the boiler free from wear and tear, or any unnecessary strain
when in motion.
My vast experience in steam cultivation has shown me that where any
apparatus for hauling purposes, or any great strain is required, are fixed to

page_text: the boiler, it has a tendency (when heated) to start the rivets and cause
irreparable damage to the engine.
By this Invention it will be seen that the strong iron horizontal frame is
so constructed as to carry all the working apparatus of this engine, the boiler,
and the two large drums working independently round the frame, whereby all
friction on the boiler is entirely superseded.
The second part of my Invention relates to improvements in arranging of
sets of ploughs and other implements for tilling the land by steam power.
For this purpose I prefer three strong iron frames, one main--top frame sup-
ported on wheels, and two under frames with ploughs attached, which move
up and down. To raise and lower these under frames I have powerful screws
fixed on the top frame where the ploughman can act on them for the purpose
of raising and lowering the ploughs, and.causing them to be withdrawn from
or inserted into the ground by the action of the screw as may be required.
By this Invention it will be seen that the ploughs or other implements
attached to the lower frames are raised and lowered to the ground without
any balance power or tipping motion, it being by a direct mechanical appli-
cation of turning the main screws by which they are kept fast and fixed at any
depth or position.
The foregoing is a description of the nature of my Invention, which may
hehe varied in its practical details.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FORMING SCREW THREADS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October
1864.
I, EDWARD DAVIES, of Chowbent, in the County of Lancaster, Screw Bolt
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FORMING SCREW
THREADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel and peculiar arrangement of die holder or
"stock" to be employed in the manufacture of screws or "threads," whereby
greater steadiness is given to the "dies" during the operation of cutting the
threads of screws, bolts, and similar articles, by which means also the regular
diameter of such bolts or screws may be insured for any required number.
The improvements consist in the employment and use of a table or "head
stock," having two fixed projections or plates, one at each end; between and
parallel to these plates are two sliding "stock" or "die plates," in which the
"dies" are placed for cutting the screws; these said stock plates holding the
"dies" are caused to advance towards or recede from each other by means
of two right and left hand screws placed one above and the other below the
cutting "dies," and supported in the aforesaid fixed projections, and are
actuated by spur gearing. Passing through these sliding "stock-plates" and
placed immediately above the cutting "dies" is a fixed screw, having its
bearings in the fixed plates at each end of the table or bed; this screw is
supplied with adjustable lock nuts, which are so regulated (according to the

page_text: diameter of screw required) as to meet and stop the advancing stock plates,
thus determining the diameter of the bolts with precission, and insuring
regularity in the diameter when numbers of bolts are required to be made to
one given size.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS OF HYDRAULIC PRESSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hawkins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
February 1864.
I, WILLIAM HAWKINS, of No. 5, Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell Green, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS OF HYDRAULIC PRESSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pumps of hydraulic presses.
For these purposes in order that the plungers of the pumps of hydraulic presses
may be thrown out of action when the pressure rises to the height that it is
desired each pump should work at, and again come into action when the
pressure in the cylinder of the press decreases, there is applied a small plunger
in the waterway of each pump; this plunger works through a cupped leather
or stuffing. The upper end of this plunger acts against a lever, on which
there is a weight, the position of which is arranged to be adjusted in order
that the degree of pressure at which the lever shall be raised by the small
plunger may be regulated to the desired degree. The weighted lever by
means of a connecting rod acts on another lever, on which the lower end of a
valve spindle which passes through the lower end of the cylinder of the pump
rests. Hence when the pressure in the cylinder of the pump and in the press
cylinder comes up to the degree which will cause the small plunger to rise and
lift the weighted lever, that lever will by its connecting rod raise the other
lever and open the valve in the lower end of the cylinder of the pump, and
so long as the degree of pressure is maintained, the plunger of the pump,

page_text: though it is moved up and down in its cylinder, will be out of action in respect
of forcing water into the cylinder of the press when the pressure in the
cylinder of the press decreases, the plunger of the pump will again come into
action, and it will again force water into the cylinder of the press. This
arrangement of apparatus is applied to each of the pumps of a hydraulic
press.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING LINEN, JUTE, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS TO BE OILED FOR PACKING PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November
1864.
1, JoUN SMITH, of Cheetham, in the City of Manchester, Dyer and Finisher.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
PREPARING LINEN, JUTE, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS TO BE OILED FOR PACKING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in applying to one or both surfaces of the fabrics
to be operated upon a thin coating of paper, or by preference of pulp similar
to that of which paper is made. The fabrics are then finished and oiled in
the usual manner. By this means the fabrics are made more valuable for
nacking purposes than by the processes now in use.