Manufacture of Saponaceous Products from Petroleum.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 12th Jan, 1895
COMETELE DI DUIFICATION.
Manufacture of Saponaceous Products from Petroleum.
We, CHARLES WEYGANG of " Edneys' West Willow, Romsey, Hants,
Gentleman, and THE PETROLEUM PRODUCTS SYNDICATE LIMITED of
1 Whittington Avenue in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to the treatment of petroleum in such a manner as to
obtain therefrom saponaceous products applicable to various purposes as hereinafter
set forth.
For producing an oil or oleaginous liquid which can be dissolved in and mixed
with water, we melt about 50 lbs. of rosin in 100 lbs. of heated petroleum, and,
while the liquid is hot, we add at intervals by successive small doses, while actively
agitating, about 1 pints of a saturated solution of caustic soda. After cooling
and settling, we decant the clear liquid and add to it in the same manner as before,
from 4 to 5 pints of the soda solution. After settling we decant the clear liquid
which constitutes the oil required. The dark viscid residues, after the decanting,
may be used in the manufacture of coarse soap. or of artificial fuel. Instead of
the soda solution added in the first instance strong liquor ammonia may be used,
but in this case the melt of petroleum and rosin is cooled before adding the
ammonia, which is added in small successive doses until the compound becomes
solid. It should then be left at rest for 24 hours or more. It is then melted,
and after cooling, has added to it the soda solution, as already described, until a
solid sediment begins to form, and after settlement the clear liquid is decanted.
In this case carbonate. of soda, or potash or caustic potash may be substituted for
the caustic soda.
Instead of using soda as described, we may add to the melt of rosin and
petroleum while still hot about 20 lbs. of soda carbonate and 10 lbs. of borax
both in small fragments or powder and added in small successive doses. About
10 lbs. of water are then added in small successive doses while actively agitating.
A pasty compound is thus produced.
In order to obtain an oleaginous liquid in an inodorous or nearly inodorous
condition, we treat, preferably that for which the ammonia has been used or the soda
carbonate and borax, in the following manner. We agitate the liquid with about an
equal bulk of water, and heat the mixture to boiling. After a time a pale yellow
oil separates.
We decant this and agitate it with alkaline matter which may be
soda, ammonia, caustic lime or silicate of soda. On settlement, a liquid separates,
which is almost quite inodorous. We find that the odour may be still further
removed when 1 to 2 per cent. of napthaline or turpentine is added in the first
instance to the oleaginous liquid which is to be treated.
The inodorous. liquid may be combined with iron by agitating it with a solution
of a salt of iron such as the sulphate or nitrate. After settlement a clear
ferruginous oil can be decanted. If the oil first separated without being treated
with alkali be agitated with a solution of the iron salt a deep brown oil rich in
iron is obtained.
In applying the rosin and petroleum compound in the manufacture of soap we
generally use a smaller proportion of rosin from 10 to 20 lbs. rosin to 120 lbs. of

page_text: If an
petroleum, and after treating the melt with caustic soda, solution proportional to
the rosin, and decanting as previously described, we heat the liquor with 20 to
30 lbs. of ordinary fat soap and while it is boiling we add in small doses about
4 quarts of the caustic soda solution while actively agitating. The quantity of
soda however necessarily depends on the character of the petroleum and has to be
determined by testing a sample. For this purpose some of the soap is dissolved
in a little water, and the solution is poured into a larger quantity of water.
appreciable quantity of oil appears, it shows that more alkali has to be used..
While adding the latter portions of soda we drop in water to the extent of
15 per cent. of the whole and continue boiling until all the oil is saponified., Instead
of the caustic soda first applied 10 to 15 lbs. of strong liquor ammonia may be
used, adding it to the melt of rosin petroleum and fat soap when nearly cold and
allowing the mixture to rest for about 24 hours we then evaporate the ammonia
which may be collected for subsequent use and we treat the residue with the
caustic soda and about 20 per cent. of water as above described. Also the soda
carbonate and borax may be employed, adding to the melt of rosin petroleum and
fat soap about 40 lbs. of soda carbonate and 12 lbs. of borax in successive doses and
finally 15 to 25 per cent. of water added very slowly.
Instead of the ordinary fat soap we may employ in substantially the same manner
an equivalent fatty matter but this is not so generally applicable as the soap.
Butta certain proportion of fatty matter such as palm oil or cocoa nut oil may be
used with the soap, this being added after the incorporation of the soap and the
alkali and the whole being saponified together.
The soap produced as above described dissolved in water can be applied to plants
as an insecticide for which also the soluble oil produced as first described can be
applied in solution in water.
For rendering the soluble petroleum compound suitable as a varnish or vehicle
for pigments I use in producing it a somewhat increased proportion of rosin say
from 60 to 70 parts to 100 parts of petroleum and after treating with soda or
ammonia and separating the clear oil as above described, we add at intervals in
successive doses with thorough agitation, dry powdered sulphate of zinc until the
liquid is no longer alkaline, when we allow it to settle and decant the clear oil.
Instead of employing the soluble compound alone it may be mixed with drying oils
such as linseed or cotton seed oil. Instead of the sulphate of zinc other know.
siccative acid salts may be employed.
.
In applying the soluble, petroleum compound to produce a grease for lubricating
purposes, we first melt about 20 lbs. of rosin in 100 lbs. of petroleum and add in small
doses about 1 pint of a saturated solution of a caustic soda. We then after
settlement decant the liquid to which after cooling we add slowly in doses while
actively agitating a further quantity of caustic soda solution until the mass solidifies.
We heat it and melt in it 25 to 30 lbs. of fatty matter such for instance as palm
oil or cocoanut oil or fat soap and after thorough mixing we add in small doses and
incorporate by agitation and beating a saturated solution of calcium chloride until
the mass is neutral or nearly so. We then thoroughly mix with it in small doses
water, which may be acidulated with hydrochloric acid and we wash with water
until the greasy substance is quite neutral and tasteless after which we remove
more or less of the water." Instead of the caustic soda solution employed in the
initial stage liquid ammonia may be used in the manner previously described; also
instead of calcium chloride soluble salts of alkaline earths may be used, such for
instance as sulphate of magnesia. By using a larger proportion of the caustic soda
applied in the second instance we can add a larger proportion of calcium chloride
For its equivalent and thus obtain a harder product. Conversely by employing less
alkali we obtain a softer product.
It has already been proposed to compound mineral oils with resinous and fatty
matters and alkalies for various purposes and we therefore make no general claim
to the compounding of these substances but
1.50

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The herein described manufacture of a petroleum oil or oleaginous liquid that
can be dissolved in and mixed with water by melting rosin or equivalent material
in petroleum, saponifying by gradual addition of caustic alkali, decanting the
clear liquor produced again gradually adding caustic alkali and decanting.
2. The herein described modified process of manufacture of petroleum oil
wherein ammonia is substituted for the caustic alkali employed in the first instance.
3. The herein described modified process of manufacture of petroleum oil by
admixture of soda carbonate and borax with a melt of petroleum and rosin and
addition of water.
4. The herein described manufacture of petroleum oil inodorous or nearly so
with or without addition of napthaline or turpentine.
5. The herein described manufacture of a combination of iron with the inodorous
oil produced as set forth in the preceding claim.
6. The herein described manufacture of petroleum soap by treating with
alkali and water a melt of petroleum rosin and fat soap or equivalent fatty
matter.
7. The herein described manufacture of siccative petroleum oil by treating
with zinc sulphate or its equivalent the soluble oils produced practically as set
forth in the first second and third claims with or without addition of linseed oil or
the like.
8. The herein described manufacture of a grease like lubricant by combining
the soluble oils produced substantially as set. forth in the first second and third
claims with fatty matter and a soluble salt of an alkaline earth such as calcium
chloride.
Doted this 10th day of December 1894.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.