CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DOORS AND SASHES OF CARRIAGES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Oxley, of Beverley, Yorkshire, and. Moorgate
Street, Carriage Builder, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE DOORS AND SASHES OF CARRIAGES."'
Sealed the 30th September 1858, and dated the 10th April 1858 1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Oxley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1858.
I, JOHN OXLEY, of Beverley, Yorkshire, and Moorgate Street, Carriage
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DOORS AND SASHES OF CARRIAGES." to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, 1st, to the construction of elastic or compressable
pads or cushions mounted in metal frames, and protected by a metal band,
case, or cover. The pad frames so constructed may be mounted ou. or fixed
to the face or edge of a sliding sash or glass frame, or on the rebate.or.frame
in which they slide, or upon the face of a hanging door or casement, or to the
face of the rebate or pillar frame of a door, upon the shutting side or at the
top or bottom thereof. When applied to sliding sashes or glass frames, these
elastic pads or cushions will keep them securely pressed against the frames,
and prevent the rattle, jar, and other inconveniences and annoyances so much
complained of, more particularly in public vehicles and railway carriages.
When applied to hanging doors, the shock produced by slamming is avoided,
and they also keep the fastenings of railway and other carriage doors more
CD 071

page_text: secure, and prevent injury thereto by preventing the wear of hinges and
handles which occur from this cause.
The 2nd part of my Invention relates to a novel arrangement and mode of
fitting and working sliding sashes,glass frames, blinds, and shutters for railway
and other carriages, and wherever else sliding sashes, glass frames, and such
like fittings or furniture may be applied. It consists in constructing the
sashes and the doors or frames in which they slide in the following manner:-
For carriage door sashes or pillars in which the frames slide, I groove out a
rebate in the pillars as usual for the sashes or frames to slide in, but I also cut
or work another smaller groove below this for the purpose of receiving a stud
or pin, and permitting of its sliding freely up and down therein. I also let in
or fix on one side of this small groove, which is worked on each side of the
frame,two or more brass plates, each having a kind of T slot therein, and
which slot will receive the projecting stud piece of a plate which is fitted to
the edge of the sliding sash or frame, so that when the sash or frame has.been
raised or slid up sufficiently high to allow of its passing over the fence piece
or sill, the horizontal slot of the T slot plate will allow of the corresponding
pin or stud sliding thereinto out of the small vertical groove or rebate in the
pillar or frame, whereupon the stud or pin of each of the plates fitted to the
sliding sash (and there may be two or more thereof) will be free to slide down
the vertical part of the slot plate, which forms an angular or inclined slot or
groove in the metal plate, which, as before described, has been fitted in the
bottom of the rebate or groove of the pillar, and thus the sash, glass frame,
blind, or shutter will, as it is pulled or pressed down, be carried forward or
against the face of the rebate, and so make a perfectly close fitting. joint all
round, and thereby exclude the dust,prevent noise and damage from vibration.
Care must be taken that sufficient angle and depth of groove be given to the
slot in the brass plates, whereby allowance for wear and adjustment will also
be provided. The elastic pad, before described, may also be fitted to the face
or to the bottom, or to both the bottom and the face of sashes, &c., fitted as
last described.
The 3rd part of my Invention relates to the hinges of doors, more parti-
cularly the doors of railway and other carriages, and consists in forming a
metal socket or cap for the bottom nuckle, between the under side of which
Bucket or cap and the top face of the bottom nuckle I insert a vulcanized
india-rubber or other elastic washer or flat ring. As the upper end of the
metal socket or cap is necessarily of larger diameter than the bottom nuckle,
I take advantage of this to increase the diameter of the face of the nuckle
working above and upon it to the same. size. By thus introducing the

page_text: elastic washer or ring, I prevent or take off the injurious effects of jar
and vibration.
The 1th part of iny Invention relates to fastenings for doors, more parti-
cularly for the doors of railway carriages. It consists in substituting for the
ordinary turn, buckle, lever, or tongue, acted upon by any kind of handle, a
spring latch with a bevil bolt, which is drawn back by a suitable tumbler
piece, cam, or eccentric fitted upon the spindle by which the lock or the door
is opened; the bolt is taper in section, and has the greatest width at the back
or bottom; the bolt is kept thrust out by a spring, and the lock may be let in
or fitted into the door or into the pillar or frame..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Oxley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
October 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
OXLEY, of Beverley, Yorkshire, and Moorgate Street, Carriage Builder, send.
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Oxley, Her special licence that I, the said John Oxley,-
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Oxley, executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE DOORS AND SASHES. OF CARRIAGES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Oxley, by an instrument in writing under my or their
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Oxley, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings
case, or cover.
:-
This Invention relates, first, to the construction of elastic or compressable
pads or cushions mounted in metal frames, and protected by a metal band,
The pad frames so constructed may be mounted on or fixed to
the face or edge of a sliding sash or glass frame or on the rebate or frame in
which they slide, or upon the face of a hanging door or casement, or to the
face of the rebate or pillar frame of a door upon the shutting side, or at
the top or bottom thereof. When applied to sliding sashes or glass frames
these elastic pads or cushions will keep them securely pressed against the
frames and prevent the rattle, jar, and other inconveniences and annoyances
80 much complained of, more particularly in public vehicles and railway
carriages, When applied to hanging doors the shock produced by slamming
is avoided, and they also keep the fastenings of railway and other carriage
doors more secure and prevent injury thereto, by preventing the wear of hinges
and handles which occurs from this cause.
The second part of my Invention relates to a novel arrangement and mode
of fitting and working sliding sashes, glass frames, blinds, and shutters for
railway and other carriages, and wherever else sliding sashes, glass frames,
and such like fittings or furniture may be applied It consists in constructing
the sashes and the doors or frames in which they slide in the following
manner For carriage door sashes or pillars in which the franes slide I
groove out a rebate in the pillars as usual for the sashes or frames to slide in,
but I also cut or work another smaller groove below this, for the purpose
of receiving a stud or pin and permitting of its sliding freely up and down
therein; I also let in or fix on one side of this small groove, which is worked
on each side of the frame, two or more brass plates, cach having a kind of
slot therein, and which slot will receive the projecting stud piece of a plate
which is fitted to the edge of the sliding sash or frame, so that when the sash
or frame has been raised or slid up sufficiently high to allow of its passing
over the fence piece or sill, the horizontal part of the slot in each of the r. slot
plates will allow of the corresponding pin or stud sliding thereinto out of the
small vertical groove or rebate in the pillar or frame, whereupon the stud or
pin of each of the plates fitted to the sliding sash (and there may be two
or more thereof) will be free to slide down the vertical part of the r slot
plate, which forms an angular or inclined slot or groove in the metal plate
which, as before described, has been fitted in the bottom of the rebate or
groove of the pillar, and thus the sash, glass frame, blind, or shutter will
as it is pulled or pressed down be carried forward or against the face of

page_text: the rebate, and so make a perfectly close fitting joint all round, and thereby
exclude the dust, prevent noise and damage from vibration. Care must be
taken that sufficient angle and depth of groove be given to the slot in the
brass plates, whereby allowance for wear and adjustinent will also be provided.
The elastic pad before described may also be fitted to the face or to the
bottom, or to both the bottom and the face, of sashes, &c. fitted as last
described.
The third part of my Invention relates to the hinges of doors, more par-
ticularly the doors of railway an 1 other carriages, and consists in forming a
metal socket or cap for the bottom nuckle, between the underside of which
socket or cap and the top face of the bottom nuckle I insert a vulcanized
india-rubber or other elastic washer or flat ring. As the upper end of the
metal socket or can is necessarilly of larger diameter than the bottom nuckle,
I may take advantage of this to increase the diameter of the face of the
nuckle working above and upon it to the same size. By thus introducing
the elastic washer or ring I prevent or take off the injurious effects of jar and
vibration. Another advantage which pertains to this part of my Invention is,
that by the introduction of the elastic washer and cap or socket just described
the wear between the metal faces of the nuckle is compensated for and a
good fit maintained, thus play or jar is prevented and the hinges are rendered
more lasting.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings I have illustrated my said
improvements.
Figs. 1 to 7 relate to the first part of iny Invention, being views of the
elastic pad for holding and preventing the rattle and jar which ordinarily
occurs in carriage sashes, glass frames, shutters, &c.; Figs. 8 to 14 relate
to the second part of my Invention, and exhibit views of a railway carriage
door and sliding glass frame; Figs. 15 to 18 relate to the third part of my
Invention, and exhibit views of a hinge suitable for hanging a railway
carriage door.
In each of these illustrations I have selected and shewn my Invention
applied to railway carriage door and window fittings, in preference to shewing
it applied to other descriptions of carriages, although the said several fittings
are equally applicable to and may be applied to the doors and windows of any
other description of carriage, or in any position where windows and doors are
subject to jar or vibration.
Fig. 1 is a side view of one of the elastic fitting pieces, a being a vulcanized
india-rubber ring or pad; b, the metal shield, which receives the friction and
works in and out of the metal frame c upon the pressure being applied to the

page_text: surface of the shield; d, the plate upon which is screwed the metal frame c.
Fig. 2 is a plan in section of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a transverse section of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a modification of Fig. 1, in which, instead of the metal shield
moving in and out vertically, a metal clip or band b, as shewn in detached
view, Fig. 5, is mounted on a pin and works radially upon the pressure being
applied. Fig. 5 is the curved metal band or shield as applied in Fig. 4, it is
shewn as a flat band, but it may be box-like, for holding the india-rubber
pad, as in Figs 1, 2, &c. Fig. 6 is a detached view of the metal shield b, as
shewn in Figs. 1, 2, &c.; and Fig. 7 is an elastic pad, which may be of
vulcanized india-rubber or any other suitable material; Fig. 8 is a vertical
sectional elevation of part of the door pillar or stile of a railway carriage door;
it exhibits the arrangement of grooves or rebates herein-before described and
as worked according to this Invention, Fig. 9 being a cross section of Fig. 8
taken on the line A, B; and Fig. 10 is a cross section of Fig. 8 taken on line
C, D; Fig. 11 is an elevation, partly in section, of Fig. 8, the section being
taken on the line E, F, of Fig. 8; Fig. 12 is an edge view of the sliding
sash or glass frame, shewing the metal plate with stud pin screwed on to
the edge of the glass frame, Fig. 13 being a front elevation of sash or glass
frame; Fig. 12 and Fig. 14 is a section of one side of such a glass frame,
taken on the line G, H, of Fig. 13.
In the several Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, & 14 the same letters refer to
similar parts, viz., d is the stile or pillar of door, in which the narrow and
deeper groovecis worked to receive stud pin orpins fitted on the corresponding
edge of the sliding sash or glass frame. f is a rebate worked out in manner
shewn, for the purpose of permitting the sash or glass frame to slide up and
down, and which from being wide at the bottom narrows at the top to a width
only slightly more than sufficient to admit of the thickness of the sash or
glass frame passing up it. g, a slot plate, fitted flush or let into the face of
the rebate f; h is the metal fence piece or plate screwed to the sill i; kis the
sliding sash or glass frame; l, the stud plate screwed to the edge of the sash.
In Fig. 8 the position of the sliding sash is shewn dotted in, also the angle
given to the vertical slot, which instead of being perfectly parallel with the
outer edge or face of the rebate f, forms a slightly taper space, by which
the pin or stud of the stud plate is caused to approach nearer to the face of
the rebate fand of the outer face of the door stile or pillar d, thus keeping the
sash tightly up to its place, and also compensates for wear in either the stud
or the groove.
In Figs. 1, 16, 17, & 18, n is the single nuckle flap, and o the double
nuckle flap of a railway carriage door hinge constructed according to my

page_text: Invention, p being the pin; q, a metal cap or socket made to fit over the
lower nuckle of the flap o; and r is a vulcanized india-rubber or other elastic
washer, placed within the metal cap or socket q, and between the top side of
the nuckle and the under side of the cap or socket. For the hinges of private
carriage doors and for other doors the form of the hinge may be suitably
varied, according to the purpose for which it is intended, and instead of one
elastic washer two or more of such washers may be employed. The elastic
pads or cushions referred to in the first part of my Invention may be either
used singly, fitted one on each side of a sash or one on each pillar or stile,
or more than two of such pads or washers may be used together, and they
may be used alone or in combination with the second part of my Invention.
Having described my Invention, and illustrated the same by the several
Figures in the accompanying Drawings,exhibiting certain applications of my
said Invention, which by preference I have selected for the purpose of
illustration, I claim,-
First, the construction of elastic pads or cushions, as herein described.
Second, the mode of applying vulcanized india-rubber or other elastic.
material to sliding sashes, glass frames, and doors, as herein described.
Third, the metal fittings and the mode of applying the same, described
herein as the second part of my Invention.
Fourth, the construction of hinges and the combination therewith of
india-rubber or other elastic material, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Oxley, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
GEORGE CHURCHILL,
18, Salisbury Street, Strand,
JOHN OXLEY. (L.S.)