A CERTAIN METHOD OF MAKING LUMINATORS, OR A NEW KIND OF LIGHTS, BEING AN IMPROVEMENT ON ALL SORTS OF CANDLES, EXCEPT DIPPED TALLOW.; AND IS ALSO AN IMPROVEMENT IN FLAMBEAUX, AND ON CANDLE MOULDS, SOCKETS, STANDS, AND OTHER APPURTENANCES NECESSARY FOR THE MAKING AND USING OF LUMINATORS, BY WHICH A GREATER DEGREE OF LIGHT WILL BE GIVEN WITH LESS SMOKE THAN THOSE CANDLES AND FLAMBEAUX NOW IN USE, THEY WILL BE MORE ORNAMENTAL AND ELEGANT, AND WILL LIKEWISE ENCREASE THE REVENUE
Year: 1787

page_text: DONALDSON; of the City of Edinburgh, Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the. Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the First
day of February, in the twenty-seventh year of His reign, did give unto me,
the said John Donaldson, His special licence, that I, the said John Donaldson,
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A CERTAIN METHOD OF MAKING LUMINATORS, OR
A NEW KIND OF LIGHTS, BEING AN IMPROVEMENT ON ALL SORTS OF CANDLES,
EXCEPT DIPPED TALLOW.; AND IS ALSO AN IMPROVEMENT IN FLAMBEAUX, AND ON
CANDLE MOULDS, SOCKETS, STANDS, AND OTHER APPURTENANCES NECESSARY FOR THE
MAKING AND USING OF LUMINATORS, BY WHICH A GREATER DEGREE OF LIGHT WILL
BE GIVEN WITH LESS SMOKE THAN THOSE CANDLES AND FLAMBEAUX NOW IN USE,
THEY WILL BE MORE ORNAMENTAL AND ELEGANT, AND WILL LIKEWISE ENCREASE THE
REVENUE;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging
me, the said John Donaldson, under my hand and seal, to cause a particular
description of the nature. of my said Invention, and how the same is to be
performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
one calendar month next after., tlie. date of the said recited Patent, as. in and
by the same (relation being thereunto had), will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Donaldson, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention of A

page_text: Method of Making Luminators, or a New Kind of Lights, being an Improve-
ment on all Sorts of Candles; and also an Improvement in Flambeaux,
Candle Moulds, Sockets, Stands, and other Appurtenances necessary for the
Making and Using of Luminators, and by which a Greater Degree of Light
will be given with Less Smoke than by those Candles and Flambeaux now in
Use, they will be more Ornamental and Elegant, and likewise Encrease the
Revenue, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is described
in the manner following (that is to say):-
The wicks or burners of the candles or luminators are made or formed of a
cotton, tape, lace, bobin, or other substance, worked, woven, knit, platted, or
incorporated together, so as that one or more of them make one wick or
burner; and which cotton, tape, lace, bobin, or other substance is manufac-
tured, fabricated, worked, woven, knit, platted, incorporated, or made for this
purpose of a loose and open substance or texture, so that the wax, spermaceti,
or tallow may have free access or admission into every part of it, in order to
feed, supply, or support the flame. Or they may be made or formed of slips
or strips of cloth, of cotton or of linen, or a mixture or composition of any
or either of the substances or materials, aforesaid with lint, flax, hemp, or tow,
any or either of them, and are to be known and denominated by the name
of luminator wicks. The other materials of which the candles or luminators
are to be made are wax, spermaceti, tallow, or a mixture of which all or
any of those make a part, and of which candles, tapers, and lights of
all descriptions, are in all other respects now made. The candles or lumina-
tors are also cast or formed in the same manner as other candles, either in
moulds or by dipping, but these are to be made either in a circular mould or
an eliptical mould, plain or fluted, and with one or more wicks or burners,
dipped tallow candles, tapers, or lights, made with more than one wick or
burner of the materials or substances that has been heretofore used for wicks
or burners, but not with the wicks or burners herein-before described, alone
and always excepted. If the candles or luminators are made with one wick
or burner, they are denominated a single luminator. When a greater degree
of light is required two of those wicks or burners are placed at a little dis-
tance from each other, and cast, made, or formed at the same time, either in
a circular mould or of a kind of oval or eliptical form or shape in a plane or
fluted mould, and denominated a double luminator. When a still greater
degree of light is required, three of those wicks or burners are placed lineally
or sideways, and cast or formed at the same time in a flattish, oval, or eliptical
form or shape, in a plain or fluted mould, and are then denominated triple
luminators. And when they are made after the same manner with four or

page_text: more wicks or burners, they are denominated in the same way by the number
of their wicks or burners. By these wicks or burners, made of tape, lace,
bobin, or other substance, manufactured as aforesaid, or of strips or slips of
cloth, of cotton, or of linen, or of any other of the substances or materials
before described, a greater degree of light is produced or given with less
smoke than by larger wicks in the present method or form, and these wicks,
when more than one is needed, being distinct and separate, the luminators or
patent candles so made and formed burn more pleasantly and steadily, are
less apt to be discomposed or hurt by the snuffers, or to produce sparks, or
form wasters and gutter or run down, like the candles, tapers, and lights now
in use.
They will also encrease His Majesty's revenue; as many who
cannot see to read, write, or work with candles are on that account either
obliged to use oil, or delay their business till daylight; and candles and
luminators of this description will answer much better than any lamps.
The improvement on lights by means of the luminators or patent candles
and flambeaux consists in dividing of the wicks and placing them in a line or
single row at a small distance from each other, and having the wicks made
of cotton, tape, lace, or any of the materials aforesaid. They may also be
made of the same kind of wicks and materials as other candles, only the wicks
made smaller, of which two or more are to be used and cast into eliptical
moulds.
Luminator moulds, whether plain or fluted, are of an eliptical form, with
places for one or more wicks, or are circular with places for two or more
wicks, and are cast and formed in the same manner and of the same materials
of which candle moulds now are or may be made and constructed; and the
wooden frame for holding the moulds is made with eliptical holes in place of
the round ones now in use.
Luminator stands, either for the table, or for girandoles, branches, &c., are
made of the same materials of which candlesticks now are or may be formed
or constructed, only in place of the round sockets and nozzels, the sockets and
nozzels of the luminators are of an eliptical form or shape to suit the lumi-
nators; or sockets and nozzels may be formed or made of an eliptical shape
or form, with a round socket under it, so as to fit or fill up the nozzel or
socket of the candlestick either with or without a spring, and in this way
become a luminator stand. The snuffers are made longer in the box or
receptacle for the snuff, so as to snuff all the wicks at once; and the extin-
guishers are made either eliptical, to suit the luminators, or they are made
round or eliptical for a bedroom, and for that occasion fixed to the top of a
standard of metal or other substance, which is fastned to the luminator stand

page_text: or candlestick, having a spring with a catch to it, so that when the person
goes to bed, they may draw the catch, and the extinguisher, by means of the
spring, flys upon the candle or luminator and extinguishes it.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my. hand and seal, this Twenty-
third day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand seven
hundred and eighty-seven.
ealed and delivered (being first duly
JOHN (L.S.) DONALDSON.
CHAS RIVERS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-third day of February,
in the year of our Lord 1787, the aforesaid John Donaldson came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to
the tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-third day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven.