Oleaginous Matters, or Matters Containing other Liquids) for the Purpose of Extracting such Oil or Liquids therefrom, and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1885

page_text: Oleaginous Matters, or Matters Containing other Liquids) for
the Purpose of Extracting such Oil or Liquids therefrom,
and in Apparatus therefor.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, Fel. Inst. P.A. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors 6, Lord Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster and
323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF
PRESSING OIL SEEDS (OR OTHER OLEAGINOUS MATTERS, OR MATTERS CONTAINING
OTHER LIQUIDS) FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXTRACTING SUCH OIL OR LIQUIDS
THEREFROM AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR (a communication from abroad by
Enea Torelli of Varese in the Kingdom of Italy, Engineer,) to be as follows:-
"
This invention is designed to expedite and facilitate the process, and consists in
the use of two presses, one for pressing out the oil, the other for extracting the
cakes from the case or envelope in which they are left by the first press; also in
the use of a metallic or other solid case or envelope of peculiar construction for
holding the cakes and an arrangement for transporting the case or envelope from
one press to another, and lastly in the application of an air pump to aid the escape
of the water from the hydraulic press, and thus hasten the lowering of the piston
and the emptying of the press.
The material to be pressed instead of being piled in the open is piled in a
metallic case of peculiar construction having a movable bottom resting on a ledge
and actuated by the hydraulic press. The sides of this case are strong bars, one or
both of whose sides are corrugated, the projecting corrugations of one bar meeting
the flat sides, or the similar or projecting corrugations of the next bar, so as to
leave vacant spaces or openings all down between each bar and the next. These
bars at top and bottom fit into corresponding notches in the polygonal rings of tho

page_text: case, which hold the whole firmly braced together, but are so arranged that they
can be taken apart, and their interstices cleaned out without difficulty, otherwise
they would have the defect common to all perforated cases of getting choked up
in time.
When the case is filled with material to be pressed in bags or otherwise and
with separating plates at intervals, or otherwise as required it is pressed. The
water is then pumped out of the hydraulic press by the air pump, and the case
already standing on wheels on a track is wheeled to a similar press, but having an
opening corresponding to the internal area of the case at top. The piston of this
press forces up the movable bottom of the case, and drives all the contents out
through the aperture at the top. These are removed, the piston is now allowed
slowly to sink, and the case is in the mean time filled with fresh material. When
filled it is ready to take the place of the alternate case, which while it has been
being recharged has been being pressed in the other press.
The rails between the two presses can be looped, so that the two cases on wheels
can pass.
The two presses themselves can if desired be screwed or geared, instead
of being hydraulic-worked, and can be of any convenient form so long as the cases
can be arranged to travel freely in and out of them, and a hole in the upper plate
of one, and the pistons of both are arranged substantially as described.
Dated thin 7th day of Tamuan 1005

page_text: and in Apparatus therefor.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON Fel. Inst. P.A. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors 6 Lord Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster and
323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of the said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF PRESSING
OIL SEEDS (OR OTHER OLEAGINOUS MATTERS, OR MATTERS CONTAINING OTHER
LIQUIDS) FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXTRACTING SUCH OIL OR LIQUIDS THEREFROM,
AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR (a communication from abroad by Enea Torelli
of Varese in the Kingdom of Italy, Engineer) and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
»
The present application for Letters Patent has for its object an apparatus
devised for extracting by means of hydraulic or other pressure the liquid contained
in the matters subjected thereto.
This invention is especially applicable to the extraction of oil from oleaginous
seeds and fruits and comprises: (a) a special process or method of pressing and of
extracting the oil from the cakes. (b) the application of a pump to facilitate the
escape of the water from the interior of hydraulic presses for the purpose of
hastening the lowering of the piston when the press is to be emptied. (c) the use
of an improved envelope with metallic sides, whereby in certain operations the
expense of the bags or envelopes of textile material hitherto employed is obviated;
and in others metallic envelopes of comparatively great thickness and resistance arc
replaced by the improved envelopes which are much thinner and more advan-
tageous, the improved envelope which forms part of the invention is applicable for
use in the presses ordinarily employed. The operations constituting the improved
method of pressing are as follows:
Underneath the press head H (Figure 1) is placed to receive the pressure, a
casing with movable bottom A in which the substance to be pressed has been
previously arranged in layers. When the operation is finished the piston of the
press is caused to descend.
This descent is hastened by a suction pump actuated by hand or power applied
to the exit pipe of the hydraulic press (not shown in the drawing) As soon as the
piston is lowered, the casing is removed and carried to a suitable place, (by means
of the trolley B or other suitable arrangement) where the casing is emptied and
refilled. The casings are filled from the top C where they are open. They are

page_text: also emptied from the top. For these purposes a second press D preferably
hydraulic is employed (see Figure 2) between the columns of which the casing is
placed.
The top plate or head of this press has a central opening F corresponding to
the aperture of the casing, so that the piston of the press exercising pressure from
below forces out the contents of the casing, which have previously undergone
pressure in the press E, through the aperture F above described, from which they
are removed. As soon as the cylinder has been discharged, it is ready to be refilled,
for this purpose the piston of the press D is caused to sink gradually as each layer
is placed in position. When the charging is complete, the casing is returned under
the press H and the pressing operation effected. When this is completed, the casing
is returned to press D and so on.
The construction of apparatus preferred is shown in the drawings, but it is
obvious that the same may be varied as circumstances may require, without
departing from the principle of the invention. The pressing can be performed by
a press of any system and of any construction provided it will admit of the use
of the movable casing A; any other suitable means of conveyance may be
sul stituted for the trolley B, likewise a screw or other press might be used instead
of the hydraulic press shown, provided it would allow of the introduction of the
casing and its charging and discharging from above as described. If the floor of
the pressing room be hard and level or if it be laid with rails and turn tables, it is
easy by means of trolleys to transport the casings from several extracting presses
to a single central discharging press for emptying and refilling the same.
Among the advantages of this system are:
1. Considerable economy of labour in charging and discharging compared with
existing processes.
2. Avoidance of waste of material, which is carried to the press packed or
loose and filled into the casing when the same is placed in the press in the usual
manner.
3. Perfect purity of products; especially important in the case of comestible
oils.
4. Increased output with diminished labour, attained (a) on account of the
greater depth rendered available for the material in the presses. (b) on account
of the rapidity of charging and discharging the press. (c) on account of the
quickened descent of the piston in hydraulic presses. (d) because there are no
portions of the charge insufficiently pressed and which must consequently be
separated from the residual cakes and repressed. (e) because loss of time in
getting the presses ready inevitable in presses with fixed casings is avoided.
With regard to the construction of the casing A it is characterised especially by
the manner in which its walls are formed internally.
Several attempts have been made to construct metallic casings with walls
perforated with small holes, but such cases have the disadvantage that after
being some time in use, the apertures become stopped and can only be cleaned by
a costly and slow process. In the new construction, there are applied against the
plane and solid sides of the casing which form a polygonal prism, a number of
metallic plates a a shown in vertical section in Figure 4 and in horizontal section
in Figure 3. These plaques have a plane surface on one side and a corrugated or
toothed one on the other; in special cases they might be corrugated on both sides.
These plates are pressed against each other and held fast by a frame, they are
inserted one be-ide another in the channels b b in the flat sides of the casing. These
toothings or corrugations present towards the interior of the casing openings
forming a sort of grating through which liquid can flow. Every time that this
grating is choked by the solid matters pressed out of the seeds or other material
it is easy to take it out of the casing by means of the same press or apparatus
which serves to empty the press of the residues. The replacing of one portion of

page_text: the grating by another is effected very rapidly because all the plates which go to
cover one side of the casing are enclosed in a single frame. In order to clean the
plates which have been removed from the frame, the frame is opened and the
corrugated sides of each plate a exposed to the action of a roller scraper or other
omitable apparatus which removes the adherent matters. The dimensions of the
casing, the thickness and the proportions of the corrugated plates forming the
grating are variable according to the nature of the material to be submitted to
pressure.
The accompanying drawing serves to illustrate the arrangements above described,
in the modification preferred by the inventor.
Figure 1 is an elevation a part of which is in section of the compressing press
and of the trolly for removing the casing from one press to the other.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of the press for discharging and filling the casing.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section of a portion of the interior wall of the casing
showing also a horizontal section of the grating plates.
Figure 4 is a vertical elevation of these plates. The press H Figure 1 is a
hydraulic press the upper platform of which is attached to the body of the pump
by columns M M in the usual manner. The casing A is shown both in Figure 1
and Figure 2. In Figure 1 the polygonal plate N which forms the table is raised
by the piston of the press which penetrates into the interior of the casing; in
Figure 2 the table N has descended and rests on the supports C C, consequently
the interior surface of the casing is completely visible. The casing has internally
a polygonal shape; one face of the polygon is the face bb (Figures 1 and 2)
parallel to the plane of the drawing rendered visible in the drawing itself supposing
the grating a a and the substances to be pressed to have been removed. dd are
strong iron hoops which encircle the outside of the casing to strengthen it. P is
a little hollow or receptacle in which the oil or other fluid expressed can collect
which flowing through the openings of the grating descends the channels provided
inside the walls of the casing. The casing is mounted on wheels e e travelling on
the rails QQ of the trolley B which abut on similar rails on the presses.
In the arrangement shown by way of example in the drawings; the casing the
contents of which have been pressed, is first of all pushed on to the trolley B in
the position represented by the dotted lines, corresponding to the middle point
between the two axles of the trolley; this is done by manual labour, or the move-
iment may be assisted if desired by a screw mechanism (s and g). The same
mechanism serves also to propel the casing into the discharging press; but in any
case it forms no essential part of the invention. The press D shown at Figure 2
is also a hydraulic press similar to H, but as has been said, any desired press may
be made use of for this purpose provided that it be capable of taking in the
casing A, that its top plate be pierced as at F, and that its piston has a sufficient
stroke.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is
1st. The combination of parts consisting of a press for expressing fluid of all
kinds from matters containing it, especially applicable to the extraction of oil from
oleaginous seeds, adapted to receive a casing with movable bottom, which bottom is
forced up by the piston of the press, together with a press serving to charge and
discharge the said casing having a top plate pierced with an aperture; both presses
operating alternately upon the same casing which is transported from one to the
other to effect the charging pressing and discharging.
2nd. In hydraulic presses the application of a pump to the exit pipe of the
hydraulic cylinder for the purpose of accelerating the escape of the water and
consequently quickening the descent of the piston.

page_text: 3rd. The improved arrangement for the interior of the massive casing designed
to contain oily or other materials to be pressed consisting essentially of a movable
grating formed of corrugated plates or bars.
The whole substantially as and for the purposes described, and shown in the
accompanying drawings.