Improved Combined Telephone and Telegraph Systems.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 12th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 25th Jan., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by CHRISTOPHER A. SHEA, of Milton, in the County
of Norfork, Telegraphic Operator, and FREEBORN FAIRFIELD RAYMOND, 2d.,
of Newton, in the County of Middlesex, Lawyer, both in the State of
Massachusetts, United States of America.]
Improved Combined Telephone and Telegraph Systems.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to use a single live wire for telegraphic uses of
any description whatever, either simplex, duplex, quadruplex, multiplex, printing
or automatic, and at the same time to use said line for telephonic purposes, each
system being in no way impaired by the other, and all signals emanating from the
telegraph system being completely silenced in the telephone.
Or in the case where a metallic or two-wire circuit is used, the two wires are
used by telephony in the ordinary way, while, at the same time, each wire of the
metallic circuit is used separately for telegraphic purposes of any description; the
telegraph signals producing no pulsations whatever in the telephone, and the telegraph
system on one wire of the metallic circuit being entirely distinct and separate from
the telegraph system on the other wire of the metallic circuit.
Each system retains its full capacity and can be worked to its utmost speed and
maximum current strength.
There is no retardation whatever to the telegraphic currents in order that they
produce no effect in the telephone, and the telephone currents are not weakened by
the use of condensers of small capacities in order that the telegraphic charges will
be reduced.
"
The telephone circuit is continuous through a condenser connected to each terminal
of each telephone. This condenser can be of any capacity, the longer the circuit the
greater the capacity and in damp or rainy weather, where there is considerable
escape or "leakage to the currents, the capacities of the condensers may be
increased. This so far constitutes a complete metallic circuit broken by condensers
at each terminal of each telephone, and speech or other sounds exchanged
thereupon.
I will describe the apparatus on one end of the metallic circuit, the connections
on the distant end being a duplicate thereto.
Each line of the metallic circuit is used for telegraphy in the following
manner:
From the earth, battery (or dynamo) and telegraph apparatus extend two
branches, one branch connects with the live wire and also with one terminal of the
telephone through a condenser, and the other branch connects with the other
terminal of the telephone through a condenser. The telegraph apparatus of the
other live wire of the metallic circuit is connected to the telephone and live wire in
the same manner.
In order that the telephone currents will not shunt back through the two
branches serially, there is connected therein either small inductive resistances just
sufficient to keep them out, or else there can be interpolated a coil wound in the
following manner: From the telegraph instrument line one branch proceeds around

page_text: a core of iron in one direction to the live wire and to the telephone terminal through
a condenser, while the other branch is wound around the same core of iron in the
opposite direction, and connected through a condenser to the other terminal of the
telephone. The currents then proceeding from the telegraphic apparatus flow
around the branches equally and in opposite directions, thereby neutralizing each
other in their effect upon the iron core, and no magnetism is produced therein.
But should the telephone currents attempt to enter either branch alone, the core
would instantly become a magnet and a counter electro motive force generated of
sufficient strength to make a practical barrier to telephone currents therein.
There is a ground in the centre of the telephone coil to absorb the condenser
discharges and thereby prevent the telegraphic currents on one line from interfering
with the telegraphic apparatus on the other line.
The telephone remains inactive to telegraphic currents for the reason that these
currents charge the telephone equally and at the same time in opposite directions,
thereby neutralizing each other.
A telephone converter instead of a telephone may be used, the connections
remaining the same as in the case of the telephone itself.
Where a single line is used instead of a metallic circuit the connections are the
same as herein before described in the use of one wire of the metallic circuit, the
earth in the centre of the telephone or converter coil furnishing the return circuit
for the telephonic currents.
The same thing is accomplished in a somewhat similar way, and is described as
follows:
The two lines of the metallic circuit are connected around a telephone converter
core and a condenser inserted in the circuit between each live wire and the converter
coil. In the centre of the converter coil is a ground connection, to prevent the
condensers in one line from discharging into the other line, and thereby producing
false signals in the telegraph system. Upon this same converter core is a second
winding connected to the telephone loop. Any telephone currents circulating the
live wires flow around the converter serially and are reproduced in the telephone
loop, as in the ordinary way.
From a point in one of the main lines at one terminal of the circuit is led a wire
to the telegraph system, and from the said telegraph system emanate signals which
flow to line and operate the telegraph apparatus at the distant end of the line.
These signals in flowing past the condenser would charge the same which in turn
would discharge around the converter coil and to earth, energizing said converter,
and the impulse would be reproduced in the telephone; but in order that the
converter and telephone shall remain perfectly quiet and irresponsive to the
telegraphic currents there is connected around the telephone core a third winding,
with a ground in the centre and a condenser between each live wire and the ground,
similar to the coil first described, except that the winding is in the opposite
direction. This coil is connected through the condenser to the telegraph instruments,
and any tendency the telegraph currents have to actuate the converter in the first
coil are neutralized by a similar charge at the same moment flowing around the
third coil and to earth in the opposite direction. Balancing devices are placed in
the branch lines to the telegraph instruments in order that the charges will be
equalized in both coils of the converter, and small inductive resistances are placed
in the branch lines, or coils non-inductive to telegraph and inductive to telephone
currents, as described in the other system, to prevent the telephone currents from
being diverted from the path intended for them, namely, the live wires.
The other line of the metallic circuit may be equipped in the manner just now
described.
Or the line may be left as a one-line circuit, as described, the ground in the
centre of the coil affording the return circuit for the telephone currents.
Instead of a converter a telephone core itself may be wound in the same manner,
the connections remaining the same.
In this system, too, the condensers may be of any desired capacities.
"

page_text: So it will be seen that in the combined telegraph and telephone systems of the
foregoing descriptions, each system is worked to its full capacity and just as
efficiently as though the other system were not superposed upon the same line, the
telephone remaining quiet from the telegraph pulsations, and the telegraph system
having for its circuit a clear line with no retardation attains its full working speed.
Dated this 12th day of February 1895.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improved Combined Telephone and Telegraph Systems.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Heretofore there have been attempts to use upon the same electric circuit,
simultaneously, telephonic impulses or currents and telegraphic impulses or currents.
The best results in this direction of which I have knowledge have been obtained in
With
a telephonic metallic circuit, comprising an outgoing and return wire.
metallic circuits of this description it has been possible to telephone and telegraph
simultaneously, but not without interfering with the services of both systems. The
telephonic system has suffered from the noise created or occurring in the telephones
due to the telegraphic currents which cause the telephone diaphragm to throb and
render hearing difficult. To diminish the effect upon the telephone of these
disturbing currents it has been necessary to reduce the capacity of the telephone
condensers, thereby correspondingly reducing and weakening the telephone current.
To use the same circuit for telephonic purposes at the same time that it is being used
for telegraphic purposes has required that there be used in the telegraphic circuit
retardation coils. These are used for the purpose of retarding the flow of the
telegraphic currents, as well as to prevent the telephonic currents from being
diverted from their paths; and even with these instrumentalities it has been
practically impossible to employ a telephone metallic circuit for more than one
telegraph service on each side line at one time; and this limits the capacity of
the telephone metallic circuit for telegraph purposes of two lessees or users.
is desirable that the telegraph service of the telephonic metallic circuits be increased
so that each wire or line of the circuit may give more than one telegraphic service
at the same time that it is being used for telephonic service; or, in other words,
to give each side of the metallic telephonic circuit the same capacity for telegraphic
purposes that it would have if it were used for telegraphic purposes only-in other
words to permit each line to be used for a duplex, quadruplex or sextuplex or
printing telegraph system. In order that this may be accomplished it is, of course,
absolutely essential that there be no disturbances to the telephonic system, and our
invention relates to the organization of a combined telephone and telegraph system,
whereby while the metallic circuit may be used continuously for telephonic purposes
each line of it may be simultaneously used for as many telegraphic services as each
line would carry if used for telegraph purposes alone.
It
To carry this system into effect I neutralize the induced telegraphic impulses in
the telephone by sending at the same time equal induced telegraphic impulses into
the telephone loop and through the telephone in the opposite direction to the
disturbing impulses. These neutralizing induced impulses I derive from the direct
impulses from the instrument by leading a branch wire from: the telegraph wire

page_text: near the instrument to the far side of the telephone loop, and in such brauch wire
interposing a condenser. Then, upon the operation of the telegraph key, so that a
current is transmitted along the line wire, while such current actually traverses a
circuit along a single path only, namely, along the line wire to the distant station,
and thence back by earth, it likewise charges the branch line and the telephone
loop and the condensers in these wires and thereby generates at the opposite plates
of such condensers induced currents, which induced currents travel from said
plates and arrive at the telephone in opposite directions and there neutralize
each other.
Combined telegraphic and telephonic systems have already been devised in which
the induced telegraphic impulses through the telephone are neutralized by equal
induced impulses entering the telephone from the opposite direction, but such
systems are defective in this respect, that the condenser at which such neutralizing
induced impulses are generated is in the telephone loop itself. The direct impulses
from which they are generated therefore enter the loop from the other line wire.
Hence such direct impulses necessarily travel along such second line wire, so that
the second line wire in such a system is incapacitated from carrying an independent
message; but, in our system, by generating the induced impulses outside the
telephone loop, and in a branch line electrically separated from the other line wire,
so that currents in such branch line do not travel along the second line wire, the
latter is entirely free to carry any telegraphic message independent of the first
line wire.
The invention will be better understood by reference to the accompanying
drawings the figures of which are hereinafter referred to.
. Referring now to Figure 1, A represents the outgoing line of a telephone
metallic circuit; A!, the incoming line of such metallic circuit, and B, the home
telephone. One terminal of the telephone B is connected with the outgoing
line A, through a condenser C. The other terminal of the telephone is connected
with the incoming line A³, through a condenser C¹.
E is the battery of one telegraphic system using the side A of the line.
e represents the relay; e', the key of the telegraphic instrument.
Ate or at any suitable point the telegraph line ea is divided, one branch e
running to the outgoing line A, and the other branch e running through a
condenser C² to the. telephone B. It will thus be seen that the current from
battery E besides travelling along the outgoing line A, travels along two other
lines, one to the condenser C, and the other e to the condenser C. These
condensers are simultaneously charged, and thereby at the condenser C is generated
an induced current travelling to the telephone in one direction, and at C³ is
generated an induced current traversing the rheostat es, and travelling to the
telephone in the opposite direction, and at the telephone these induced currents
meet, pass to ground and neutralize each other. It is desirable that these induced
currents enter the telephone balanced and a rheostat is used for this purpose.
.I have shewn it in the branch e, but if necessary it may be used for any other or
all branches.
Another telegraphic circuit over the line A' is presented by battery G, relay 9,
.telegraph instrument g³, line 9³, branch line g³ to the line A', branch line g' to the
telephone B, condenser C3 and rheostat 9°. I have shown each line as having one
telegraphic connection, but such systems as are used for increasing the simultaneous
service such as the duplex, quadruplex, sextuplex, and the like, may be introduced
to the line A, through the telegraphic line e or to line A' through the telegraphic
line g³.
It is essential, whatever system may be employed, that balancing induced currents
be brought together in the telephone.
I do not of course confine myself to the exact arrangement described, but may
use in lieu thereof any mechanical or electrical equivalent for accomplishing the
same result.

page_text: These
In the lines e, e³, g³ and g' there are shown inductive resistances at n.
are for the purpose of preventing telephonic currents entering the telephone in
any other path than through the condensers C C¹, or, in other words, to prevent
the telephone currents from traversing lines e, e³, g³ and g*.
Of course it will be understood that the induced telegraphic currents may be
caused to meet in a telephone converter instead of in the telephone itself.
In the claims I have spoken of the means for creating the electric current in
the system by the generic term "battery." It will be understood that under this
term include not only a voltaic battery, but a dynamo, or any other desirable
source of electrical energy.
For the sake of brevity I have throughout the claims used the singular number
only in speaking of the telegraphic instrument. It will be understood, however,
that this will include the case where two instruments are used, as in quadruplex
telegraphy.
.
Figure 2 is a modification of Figure 1. In this case a telephone convertor is
used between the lines. The lines and telephone converters are connected with
the telegraph lines, batteries and instruments in such a manner that the telegraph
currents are neutralized or silenced in the telephones or converters, the tendency
of telegraph currents to produce noise in a telephone or telephone converter
being overcome by the passing at the same time to the telephone or telegraph
converter of telegraph currents from the same source, but in an opposite direction,
one telegraph current thus neutralizing or killing the effect of the other in the
telephone or telephone converter:
Figure 2 illustrates diagrammatically one end of our composite system, each of
the lines of which is adapted to be telegraphically employed, and is connected with
the telegraph battery, and the like.
Figure 3 is a diagram representing each telephone line as connected with the
quadruplex system.
A represents one side or line of a two-wire telephone circuit or system of the
character specified, and A' the other.
B is a telephone converter. Between it and the line A is a condenser C, and
there is also a condenser C' between it and the line A¹.
The converter is represented as having two coils or windings, the coil c connecting
with the line A through the condenser C, and the coil c¹ connecting with the
line A' through the condenser C¹, and each coil at its inner end is connected with
the earth wire c³, which preferably passes through the centre of the converter.
The converter is connected by the usual loop with the telephone T and
transmitter T R.
D is a line connecting the main line, A, with a telegraph apparatus K and
battery which may be of any usual form for operating over the main
line A.
D' is a line or branch connecting the main line A' with a telegraph apparatus K¹
and battery Q' of any usual form for operating over it.
The telegraph line D is connected with the line A, and with the converter B.
It is connected with the line A by the line d, in which is a telephone current
inductive resistance a, and if desired a rheostat a'. In the branch line d' connecting
the telegraph line D with the converter there is a rheostat d³, a condenser d³ and
an adjustable inductive resistance d. The line D' is similarly connected with the
line A¹ and converter B, and resistances and the like in the branch lines are
correspondingly lettered.
The two branch lines d' are wound about the converter B to form a double coil,
each section of which is of the same number of convolutions as the section of the
telephone double coil c, c' which it balances, and the coil c c is grounded at its
centre or midway of its length by the ground wire c². The section or coil d³ is
wound about the converter in a direction the reverse of the winding of the coil
section c', and the section do of the coil is also wound about the converter core in
a direction opposite to that of the winding of the coil section c.

page_text: The
The system acts as follows: Firstly, as to the outgoing telegraph circuit:-
Upon depressing the key of the home telegraph instrument, the current flows
through the wire D, rheostat a', line d, inductive resistance a to line A, and thus
to the distant station. Simultaneously with this impulse the condensers d³ and C
are charged, the charges being rendered equal by adjusting the rheostat d³, and
inductive resistance d, to balance the rheostat a' and inductive resistance a.
further plates of the condensers d³ and C are thereby simultaneously discharged,
and electric impulses from these condensers are sent around the converter core in
opposite directions, neutralizing each other, and thence to earth by wire c. Thus
-disturbance in the telephone from the outgoing telegraph current is eliminated.
The incoming telegraph signals will not affect the telephone because by the time
they reach the end of the line they are not of sufficiently high potential, being
moreover intercepted by the condensers C, C, the effect of which is to diminish
the amplitude and round off the abruptness of the signals. Since the connection
from the coils c c¹, to earth is from the middle point of these windings, and since
the potential of the middle point of a coil round a core is unaffected by any
variation of the magnetization of the core, although the potential of the coil at
-one end is raised, and at the other end lowered by such variation of the magnetiza-
tion, no current will pass to earth from such middle point, due to such variation,
and no difference will be made in the operation of the telephone_circuit by the
introduction of such line from such middle point to earth. Each telephone
converter will therefore operate precisely the same as if it were entirely disconnected
from the earth. The inductive resistances a will prevent the telephone currents
from entering the lines d d.
In Figure 3 the system is diagrammatically represented as embodied with
quadruplex telegraph apparatus; RC represents a telephone converter; T, an
-ordinary telephone; C, C1, C2, C3, C4, C³ are condensers; X is the artificial line
-of a quadruplex circuit.
The condenser C neutralizes the static charge of the line both in the quadruplex
sets and the telephone converter.
It is a well known fact that the artificial line of a quadruplex circuit can be made
exactly the same as the actual line by means of condensers. Now, assuming the
-quadruplex system to be balanced I will note its effect on the telephone. The
currents from the telegraph transmitter T R, or the pole charger P C, or both,
flow through the polar relay P R, and the neutral relay N R, to line 1 and the
artificial line X with even amounts of current on both sides. As these equal
amounts flow past the condensers C₁ C' they charge them with a certain potential
at the same instant, and these condensers discharge around the telephone converter
in opposite directions and produce no effect in the telephone. Since the connections
to earth are from the middle points of the coils, the operation of the telephone
circuit will be precisely the same as if there were no connection at all to earth;
that is, the telephonic impulses will travel by line L', condenser C', converter
coil Z, condenser C, and line L' to the distant station. The telephone currents
will not shunt by the way of N R and P R on account of the inductance presented;
but if necessary adjustable inductive resistances can be used between N R and
line L' and X. Neither quadruplex circuit will interfere with the other through
the medium of the condensers C1 C2 C3 C4 as the charges all go to earth. The
ground in the converter coils will not make the line noisy as it is in the centre of
the coil. The coil Y of the telephone converter is wound thereabout, and is divided
so as to balance the coil Z.
A duplex system or any other kind of multiplex telegraph system can be put on
the line just as well as the quadruplex without interfering with the telephone.
Thus it will be seen that each quadruplex circuit or both can be worked to its
full capacity without interfering with the telephone circuit, every pulsation being
neutralized in the telephone, the telephone conversation being at the same time
.carried on between this and the distant end, each system working independently of
zbe other.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a metallic circuit for simultaneous telephonic and telegraphic service the-
combination of the main line or circuit connected on one side through a condenser
with one terminal of the telephone or telephone converter, and with the telegraph:
battery and instrument by a line having an inductive resistance to telephone.
currents, and a branch line having a telephonic current resistance and condenser
connecting the line to the telegraph instrument and battery with the other terminał
of said telephone or telephone converter, the said telephone or telephone converter
being also connected with the other line of the metallic circuit through a condenser,.
as and for the purposes described.
2. In a metallic circuit for simultaneous telephonic and telegraphic service, the
combination of the main line or circuit connected on one side through a condenser
with one terminal of the telephone or telephone converter, and with the telegraph
battery and instrument by a line having an inductive resistance to telephone
currents, and a branch line having a telephonic current resistance and condenser
connecting the line to the telegraph instrument and battery with the other terminal
of said telephone or telephone converter the said telephone or telephone converter
being also connected with the other line of the metallic circuit through a condenser,.
and also by a branch line with the telegraph battery and instrument of the other
line of the circuit, substantially as described.
3. In a combined telegraph and telephone system, the combination of the main.
line or circuit connected on one side through a condenser with one terminal of the
telephone or telephone converter, and with the telegraph battery and instrument by
a line having an inductive resistance to telephone currents, and a branch line
having a telephonic current resistance and condenser connecting the line to the
telegraph instrument and battery with the other terminal of said telephone or
telephone converter, the main line of the telephone circuit being continued from the
latter terminal, independently of said branch line, substantially as described.
4. In a combined telephone and telegraph system, the combination, with the line.
wires of a metallic circuit, and independent telegraph instruments for each line wire,
of a telephone or telephone converter, each terminal of which has a separate
connection outside the telephone coils, capable of transmitting electric impulses, .
with each line wire, substantially as described.
5. In a combined telephone and telegraph system, the combination, with the line
wires of a metallic circuit, and independent telegraph instruments for each line wire,.
of a telephone or telephone converter, each. terminal of which has a separate.
connection, outside the telephone coils, capable of transmitting electric impulses,
with each line wire, and means for balancing the electric impulses from either the
home telegraph instrument along such connections to the telephone or converter
terminals, substantially as described.
6. In a combined telephone and telegraph system, the combination, with the line
wire of a metallic circuit, and a telegraph instrument therefor, of a telephone or
telephone converter, in a loop, broken by condensers, of the main line, and a shunt
broken by a condenser, around the telephone, from one branch of the loop at a
point between the condenser therein and the telephone to the line wire with which
the other branch of the loop connects, substantially as described.
7. In a combined telephone and telegraph system, the combination, with the line
wire of a metallic circuit, and a telegraph instrument therefor, of a telephone or
telephone converter, in a loop, broken by condensers, of the main line, a shunt,
broken by a condenser, around the telephone from one branch of the loop at a
point between the condenser therein and the telephone to the line wire with which
the other branch of the loop connects, and means for balancing the electric impulses
from the telegraph instrument to the terminals of the telephone or telephone -
converter, substantially as described.

page_text: 8. The combined telephone and telegraph system herein described comprising the
lines A A, the telephone converter or telephone coils c c wound on the converter,
as specified, grounded mid way of their length, one of which is connected with the
line A. through a condenser, and the other of which is connected with the line A'
through a condenser, the telegraph instruments and batteries connected with the
main lines A A' respectively and by branch lines with the telephone converter or
telephone, and a coil on the telephone or converter core connected at its ends with
the said branch lines and grounded at its centre, and suitable resistances and
balancing devices, as and for the purposes described.
9. In a combined telephone and telegraph system, the combination of a line wire,
telegraph and telephone instruments connected therewith, a branch wire from the
main line to the telephone core, and thence to earth, and an inductive resistance
interposed to stop the passage along said branch wire of telephonic impulses
between the telephone core and main line, substantially as described.
10. In a combined telegraph and telephone system, the combination of a line
wire, telegraph and telephone instruments connected therewith, a line from the
telegraph instrument to the telephone or converter core, and thence to earth, and
an inductive resistance to telephonic currents interposed to stop the passage along
said line of telephonic impulses, substantially as described.
11. In a combined telephone and telegraph system of the character specified the
combination of the main lines, the telephone or telephone converter corc, oppositely
wound coils thereon connected at their centre with the earth and at one end with
one of the main lines and to the other end with the other of the main lines, and a
quadruplex or other multiple telegraph apparatus connected with the telephone or
Converter coils as described, as and for the purposes described.
12. As a means of neutralizing the noise of telegraph currents in a telephone
converter or telephone connected with a line used for both telephonic and
telegraphic purposes, a connection with earth to a point in the coils of the telephone
converter or telephone, in combination with an auxiliary or neutralizing coil wound
round the converter or telephone in the opposite direction to the telephone coil,
connected to earth from one point therein and from another point to the telegraph
line, and a telephone inductive or other resistance interposed in the wire or wires
between the neutralizing coil and the point of juncture of the telephone loop with
the main line, substantially as described.
13. The combination of two line wires, independent telegraph instruments
therefor, a telephone loop between the wires, having coils therein about the
telephone core, and a neutralizing loop between the wires having therein coils
about the telephone core, the latter coils being wound in the opposite direction to
the former, substantially as described.
14. The combination of two line wires, a telephone loop broken by condeusers,
between said wires, a connection to earth from said loop between said condensers, a
telegraph instrument at the end of one of said line wires, neutralizing coils around
the telephone core in the opposite direction to the telephone coils, a line, broken by
a condenser, from the telegraph instrument to the neutralizing coils, and a connection
to earth from the neutralizing coils, substantially as described..
15. The combination, with two main lines and independent telegraph instruments
therefor, of a telephone or telephone converter in a loop between the main lines, a
neutralizing loop between the main lines so arranged with reference to the telephone
or converter that like impulses along the loops neutralize each other in the
converter, and means for stopping the telephonic impulses along the neutralizing
loop, substantially as described.
16. In a combined telephone and telegraph system, the combination of the main
lines, telegraph instruments therefor, a telephone or telephone converter, coils
oppositely wound about the converter, the middle point of each of the coils being
connected to the earth and the ends of the coils being connected by wires to the
main lines, and condensers interposed in said wires, substantially as described.

page_text: 17. In a combined telephone and telegraph system, the combination with two
main lines and independent telegraph instruments therefor, of a telephone or
telephone converter in a loop between the main lines, said loop being grounded in
the centre of the coil, and a condenser between each main line and said ground, and
means for stopping the telephonic impulses between the telegraph instruments
and the main line, substantially as described.
Dated this 12th day of November 1895.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.