IMPROVEMENTS IN. PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
13th November 1858.
the
I, JAMES TAYLOR, of Birkenhead, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN. PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of portable steam engines
intended to be employed as a haulage or a traction engine, or for agricultural
or other machine-working or labor-saving purposes, as for raising and lowering
ibodies, performing the various functions required by contractors for the execu-
tion of public and other works.
.Portable steam engines with four wheels, having broad feet which are
.projected downward from the two driving wheels during the progress of the
machine, have heretofore been constructed, as also steam engines having their
after part carried upon two wheels surrounded by a portable or articulated
band, which is interposed between each wheel and the ground; but my

page_text: Invention consists in constructing an engine with its boiler upon a suitable
framing, which is mounted upon two bearing wheels of suitably large diameter
and breadth of face, and these wheels are geared or connected to the steam
engine, and being caused to revolve propel the machine forward or backward;
the main framing may be suitably prolonged at each end to receive and contain
the water and fuel, and for the steering apparatus and the foot plate for the
engineer, and such like purposes. I support these ends or continuations on
wheels of smaller diameter, and where I employ six wheels, I prefer to couple
or connect the two leading wheels, and the two trailing wheels together by
means of suitably arranged connecting bars, braces, or rods, so that the
direction of motion of the leading wheels being changed, the trailing wheels
follow and accord therewith, but where four wheels alone are employed, the
framing and its load are suitably mounted on two bearing and driving wheels,
while the two leading or guiding wheels are suitably mounted to swivel or
turn to change the direction of the engine by means of a steering wheel.
I construct the driving wheels with their peripheries so arranged as to
admit of a number of distinct hollow or box like feet being mounted or fixed
between the flanches or edge tyres and around the felloes, and these feet or
blocks are connected to the peripheries of these wheels by means of springs
constructed of steel or other suitable material; these springs thrust outward
the feet or blocks to which they are attached, thus when they are passing over
hard ground they will be more or less compressed within the flanches, and
when passing over soft ground they will be projected forward in proportion to
the softness, and the hollow and varying character of the ground.
Instead of applying the steam power for driving the wheels in the ordinary
mode employed in railway locomotive engines, or as in most of the portable
agricultural steam engines, I prefer to employ two or more inverted cylinders
arranged by preference nearly over or close to the main axle of the driving
wheels, and instead of the connecting rods from the pistons acting direct upon
the wheels through a crank axle I so arrange the steam cylinder that they
can through the agency of suitable gearing act upon the driving wheels for the
purpose of propelling the engine, or as they are so mounted in connection with
a crane barrel or winch as to be available for hauling or for raising or lowering
heavy weights, or for driving agricultural or other machinery, or for working
pile-driving machinery, or for pumping water or other purposes for which a
rotary or reciprocating motion may be desired. When these engines are
intended for such or other various purposes I mount the steam cylinders in a
suitable framing behind or at the end of the boiler, and gear these together, so

page_text: that the machine may be thrown into or out of gear at pleasure, and any
desired change of speed may be effected by means of wheel gearing interposed
between the crank shaft of engine and the driving wheels, and the discon-
necting apparatus will enable the forward motion of the entire apparatus to be
suspended, when desired, for the purpose of working either the crab barrel or
winch, or the pumping or other apparatus applied to or intended to be com-
bined with the motive power of the portable steam engine according to this
Invention
the
SPECIFICATION in pursuance. of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on
13th May 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME. I, JAMES
TAYLOR, of Birkenhead, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Taylor, Her special licence that I, the said James Taylor,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
James Taylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said James Taylor, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said James Taylor, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, and the accompanying Drawings:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of portable steam engines,

page_text: intended to be employed as haulage or traction engines, or for agricultural or
other machine-working or labor-saving purposes, or for raising and lowering
bodies, and performing the various functions required by contractors in the
erection of public works.
Portable steam engines with four wheels, having broad feet or teeth which
are projected downwards by an eccentric from the two driving wheels during
the progress of the machine, have heretofore been constructed, as also steam
engines having their after part carried upon two wheels surrounded by a
portable track or articulated band, which is interposed between each wheel
and the ground; but my Invention consists in constructing an engine with its
boiler upon a suitable framing, which is mounted upon wheels of suitably
large diameter and breadth of face constructed as hereafter described, and
these wheels are geared or connected to the steam engine, and being caused
to revolve, propel the machine forward or backward. I support the fore end
on wheels of smaller diameter, and when I employ six wheels I prefer to
couple or connect the axles of the two leading wheels and the two trailing
wheels together by means of suitably arranged connecting bars, braces, or
rods, crossed longitudinally, the hind near wheel axle being connected to the
fore off side axle, and vice versa, so that the direction of motion of the leading
wheels being changed, the trailing wheels follow in the course, and so accord
therewith; but where four wheels only are employed, the framing and its
load are suitably mounted on the two bearing or driving wheels. whilst the
two leading or guiding wheels are suitably mounted' to swivel or turn, to
change the direction of the engine by means of a steering wheel.
I construct the driving wheels in either of the manners hereafter described,
that is to say, with their peripheries so arranged as to admit of a number of
distinct or hollow or box like feet being mounted or fixed between the flanges
or edge tyres and around the felloes. These feet or blocks are connected to
the nave or periphery of these wheels by means of springs constructed of steel
or other suitable material. These springs thrust outward the feet or blocks to
which they are attached; thus, when passing over hard ground they will bec
compressed within the face of the tyres or flanges, and when passing over soft
ground they will be projected forward in proportion to the softness and the
hollow and varying character of the ground.
Instead of forming the projections from the periphery of the driving wheels,
by making hollow or box like feet as just described, and as herein-after
described and shewn in the Drawings more in detail, I prefer, for some pur-
poses, to employ single and independent bars or studs radiating from a com-

page_text: mon centre, but unconnected at their inner ends to any eccentric strap, band,
or other individual or single means or contrivance (as in Bray's Patent, 1856)
for actuating the projection outward or withdrawal of the radial or other
projections inward. I form the independent studs or bars or hollow or box like
or other forms of feet or other forms of projections from the peripheries of a
driving wheel (whether such projections be solid or hollow) when constructed
according to this part of my Invention, so that when they are wholly free to
project they will be projected uniformly and concentrically from and around
the peripheries of the wheel; but whatever form or construction of independent
feet or radial bars or studs constructed according to this par of my Inven-
tion, I apply or adopt, as hereinafter described in detail and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings, I cause them to be projected or pushed outwards
from the slots or openings in the face of the wheel, in which or through which
they slide by means of springs, or by means of a peculiar guide bar placed so
as to cause the points of the teeth to move in a horizontal line when in con-
tact with the ground, by which means no jolting or jumping motion takes place,
as is the case in all previous arrangements of teeth fixed in the periphery of
a wheel, or made to project through the periphery of a wheel.
In the case of springs, elastic materials are disposed in any convenient
position, either in or around the boss or nave of the wheel, or within the
hollow felloe pieces, or in or by the side of the spokes, or within the flanges or
sides of wheels in any of the manners or methods herein-before referred to, or
as herein-after described, or as shewn in any or either of the accompanying
Sheets of Drawings. The springs are made to sustain a part or the greater
part of the weight on the wheel, so as not to lift the wheel itself off the ground
in any case.
The straight line motion of the points of the teeth is obtained by the peculiar
guide bar above referred to, fixed to the axle or axle box, or to any other part
moving with the axle, by forming it of such a shape as to cause the inner end
of each individual arm to retreat as it approaches a vertical position, (in which
position it has retreated to its greatest extent,) and project again after it has
passed the vertical position, so that there is no action in any of the arms
except the one that is at the lower part of the wheel, and which retreats and
projects as it is called upon to take a portion of the weight of the engine; thus
the action of the arm produces no lifting action on the engine which passes
along the ground at any speed as smoothly and easily as though there were no
projecting teeth at all.
Instead of applying the steam power for driving the wheels in the ordinary
1

page_text: mode employed in railway locomotive engines, I prefer to employ two or more
inverted cylinders, arranged by preference near to and above the driving
wheels, and instead of the connecting rods from the pistons acting direct upon
the wheels through a crank axle, I so arrange the steam cylinders that they
can, through the agency of suitable gearing, act upon the driving wheels for
the purpose of propelling the engine; or they are so mounted in connection
with a crane barrel or winch, as to be available for hauling, or for raising or
lowering heavy weights, or for driving agricultural and other machinery, or
for working pile-driving machines, or for pumping water or for other purposes,
for which a rotatory or reciprocating motion may be desired. The arrange-
ment of cylinders and gearing above mentioned may be reversed, and the
driving pinions placed near to or at the top of the driving wheels.
When these engines are intended for various purposes, I mount the steam
cylinders on a suitable framing behind or at the end of the boiler and gear
them together, so that the machine may be thrown into or out of gear at
pleasure, and any change of speed desired may be effected by means of wheel
gearing interposed between the crank shaft of engine and the driving wheels.
The disconnecting apparatus will enable the forward motion of the entire
apparatus to be suspended when desired, for the purpose of working either the
crab barrel or winch, or the pumping or other apparatus applied to or intended
to be combined with the motive power of the portable steam engine according
to this Invention.
I apply bearing or suspending springs between each of the axles and the
carriage or frame, or suspend the carriage or frame by means as shewn in
Figures 1 and 2 in Sheet 1, and by the means which I adopt for communi-
cating motion from the engine to the driving wheels, I allow for any change
of position or alteration in the vertical distance between the motion or driving
shaft and the driving pinions.
Instead also of rotating the driving wheels by means of a pinion upon the
crank shaft working direct into a spur wheel fixed to the driving wheels, or by
means of an intermediate shaft, the axis of which is on a horizontal line with
the crank shaft, and taking into the top side of such spur wheel, I prefer to
employ an internal toothed wheel or ring attached to the interior of the tyre
or to the fixed spokes of each driving wheel, and communicate the motion
thereto by means of a driving pinion placed at the lower side of the wheel,
the shaft of which pinion is mounted in bearings attached to the axle box and
the driving wheels, and moves up and down with it. Motion is communicated
from the engine gearing to the driving pinions by means of a chain which lies

page_text: in a horizontal or nearly horizontal position, and thus prevents the vertical
play of the bearing and suspending springs from interfering with the trans-
mission of the power.
Instead of the long barrel "locomotive" boilers ordinarily employed in the
various descriptions of portable or traction engines heretofore constructed, I
employ a short boiler having its furnace and internal arrangements somewhat
similar to marine boilers.
Instead also of driving the wheels by means of a crank shaft upon which
the said wheels are mounted, or by means of a spur wheel fitted or fixed to
the driving wheels or to the axle upon which the driving wheels are keyed,
and thus taking the motion from the first motion shaft of the engine, I inter-
pose an intermediate shaft or shafts, with the ends of which I connect the gear-
ing for giving motion to the driving wheels, and upon this intermediate shaft
I apply one or either of the mechanical contrivances or arrangements of gear-
ing herein-after more fully described and shown in the accompanying Draw-
ings, for enabling the two driving wheels working upon the same line of axle
to vary their velocity when turning a corner without disengaging or throwing
out of gear one or either of them, so that full and equal power may continue
to be applied alike to both wheels, at the same time permitting of the one wheel
rotating in advance of the other.
One mechanical contrivance for this purpose, and which I have shown in
the Drawings, Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, is similar to that published in a book
called "White's Century of Inventions," where that arrangement of gearing
is designated "White's Dynamometer," and I am aware that a somewhat
similar combination of bevil wheels, fitted direct upon the axle or axles or
direct to the wheels, has been employed for driving the wheels of portable
traction engines with a view to permit of the difference in the extent of the
forward motion of the two wheels in the same time, and a somewhat similar
mechanical contrivance has been long used in various machines where the
the same action was necessary, as in Henry Davies' Patent of 1841; but in
the application hitherto to portable or traction engines the apparatus last
referred to has been applied direct to the driving wheels or axles. Other
arrangements of gearing for allowing one driving wheel to turn faster than
the other are shewn on the Drawings, Figures 1 to 7, Sheet 3, and Figures 1
to 4, Sheet 4.
In the accompanying Drawings, Sheet 1 exhibits two views of a portable
steam engine, Figure 1 being a side elevation, and Figure 2 an end elevation
or back view of Figure 1. In these Figures a complete engine constructed

page_text: according to my Invention is shewn with all its working parts drawn in, and
for the purpose of combining in one view the various gearing necessary for
performing many of the purposes herein-before set forth, and with the view to
render unnecessary several other Sheets of Drawings I have caused to be
dotted in the various working parts and gearing, which are concealed by-some
more prominent object, and although at first sight the gearing and parts may
appear somewhat crowded, yet upon carefully examining the Drawing, and
tracing the course of the motions throughout the constructive details and
arrangement of gearing will be readily understood by aid of the following
letters of reference. A is the under carriage or framing, which extends from
end to end; B, B, the two fore wheels, which are used for supporting the fore
end of the engine, and for enabling it to be readily turned by means of the
steering wheel C; D, D, are draw hooks at each end of the engine framing;
and D', D', are coupling links attached thereto; E, the boiler; F, the funnel
or chimney fitted at the top with a spark arrester; G, G, the driving wheels
having projecting studs or teeth around the peripheries, acting in the manner
herein-before mentioned; H, H, the wheel guards and sides of frame; I, 1,
two inverted steam cylinders, which are here shown as placed at a slight
angle; the connecting rods from the pistons of these engines are shewn as
working overhanging half cranks fitted upon the first motion shaft L,
which has fitted upon it spur pinions of several diameters (M, M, &c.), which
are thrown into and out of gear by means of suitable clutches working upon
feathers upon the shaft L; two of the pinions M gear into spur wheels N, N',
upon the second motion shaft, intended for propelling the engine, as hereafter
described, by means of the bevil wheels O, 0, 0, connected with the solid
shaft P and the hollow shaft P', which are supported in bearings or hangers
Q, Q, forming the lower part of the side frames of machinery Q, Q. Upon
the outer or overhanging ends of the shafts P, P¹, are fixed chain wheels R, R,
which are provided with chains S, S, which drive chain wheels T, T, shewn
upon the shafts (in the same line) having upon their overhanging ends the
pinions U, U, fixed, which in turn gear with and drive the interior toothed
wheels V, V. Attached to each driving wheel G, a crane barrel or winch W is
shewn with a spur. wheel W¹ at one end thereof, mounted between the machine
framing Q, Q, motion being given to the wheel W₁ by means of a pinion on the
first motion shaft L. The engine, boiler, and machinery, are shown as being
supported upon the springs X, X, the ends or points of the springs being.con-
nected to the framing by means of links, the axles sliding up and down within
a horn plate or guide formed in each side frame; to the under side of the axle

page_text: blocks or boxes, studs, or armis are projected downward, and carry at their
lower ends the blocks or carriages, in which the cross shafts are supported,
and which are socketted the one into the other, and which each have a chain
wheel T and driving pinion U, U, which pinions take into and drive the internal
tooth wheels V, V; the axle block of each driving wheel being connected with the
centre clip of each bearing spring; the pinions U, U, are maintained constantly
and uniformly in gear with the wheels V, V.
When a forward motion of the engine is desired steam is admitted into the
cylinders, and upon rotary motion being given to the first motion shaft L one
of the pinions M fitted thereon is thrown into gear by means of its clutch box,
and it thereupon causes to revolve either the wheel N or the wheel N', as the
case may be, and this in turn acting through the mitre wheels 0, 0, 0, &c., as
hereafter more fully described (or any one of the other arrangements of gearing
designed by me, and herein-after described, and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings), the second motion shaft is caused to revolve and give motion to
the pinions U, U, and the driving wheels G, G, through the intervention of the
chain wheels R, R, and T, T, and the chains S, S; but when it is desired to
drive or propel the engine at a different speed, the pinion which was in gear
is disengaged, and the other pinion thrown into gear by means of one of the
clutch spindles and handles Y or Y¹, the clutch belonging to the pinion gearing
into the crane wheel W being acted upon or worked by the clutch bar and
handle Z
In Sheet 2, I have shewn to an enlarged scale two modes or methods of
constructing driving wheels, so as to obtain such an arrangement of parts as
will allow the feet, studs, or teeth to travel in a straight line when in contact
with the ground. Figure 1 is an end view in elevation, one half being in
section, exhibiting a mode of constructing box wheels in wrought iron, with a
cast-iron nave or boss, and showing the mode of driving the said wheels, as
before described, by means of an internal tooth wheel, and it exhibits an
arrangement of a single row of projecting arms, bars, studs, or teeth, shewn by
the full lines, whereas the dotted lines are intended to show the position of the
radial arms, bars, studs, or teeth, when two rows of cells alternating in their
position first on one side of the centre line of the boss, and then on the other,
in their disposition around the nave or boss of the wheel; into these cells the
springs or elastic materials are placed for the purpose of acting upon or pro-
jecting outwards the studs, bars, arms, or teeth, in manner and for the purpose
before described.
In Figure 2, a similar view to Figure 1, is shewn a part section of a wheel,

page_text: having spokes; the boss or nave, as well as the inner felloe or inner tyre, may
be cast in iron, and a wrought-iron tyre or tyres shrunk thereon. To the
inner face of these spokes the internal spur wheel, by which motion is given
to the driving wheel is attached, or may be cast on to or form part of the
wheel. In this wheel there are two rows of radial arms or teeth, alternated,
as shewn in the half external view; the arrangement for giving the requisite
amount of elasticity for thrusting outward the radial arms, studs, or teeth, is
shewn in section; cellular spaces for india-rubber or other springs being cored
out alternately from one face, and the other of the boss or nave, or an annular
space may be provided for the vulcanized india-rubber. Although the cells or
seatings for the springs or elastic materials are upon this Sheet shewn as suited
for vulcanized india-rubber, and are so designated, yet any other kind of springs
may be used instead thereof. *
In Sheet 3 of the accompanying Drawings, Figures 1 to 7 inclusive exhibit
several mechanical contrivances for rotating the driving wheels in such a
manner as to admit of the rotation of one wheel in advance of the other, for
facilitating the turning corners or changing readily the direction of the forward
motion of the engine.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of an arrangement which may be employed
in substitution for the mitre wheel gearing, shewn in Sheet 1, the parts of which
are referred to by the letters M, N, O, P in Sheet 1. Figure 2 is a transverso
sectional view of Figure 1, in which two internal wheels a, a', are keyed, the
one on to the solid shaft or axle b, the other to the hollow shaft or axle b¹,
the one axle working freely over the other; a spur wheel c is driven by a
pinion taking thereinto, whilst in the centre part or the space between the arms
of the wheel c, a carriage is formed for carrying the short spindles or shafts
upon which the pinions e, e¹, and f, f', are respectively fixed. There are
two sets of short shafts carried by the framework contained within the diameter
of the wheels a, a, as will be seen on reference to Figure 2. Upon motion
being communicated to the spur wheel c, one of the pinions e taking into the
wheel a, carries it round, and the pinion e' being keyed upon the same shaft
and geared into the wheel f', transmits motion across the lower line of shaft d,
to the opposite wheel a'; the second set or arrangement, as shewn in Figure 2,
acts in a similar manner, and causes both the solid and the hollow shaft to
rotate together, whilst the engine is travelling in a straight line, but admits of
one wheel turning in advance of the other, whilst both are driven with an equal
force, as before alluded to.
In Figure 3 another arrangement is shewn for effecting the same object with

page_text: a fewer number of wheels, motion being communicated to the spur whcel a,
surrounding the half case b, in which one end of each of the shafts c, c', works
whilst the opposite end work in bearings provided for them in the disc or frame
piece d, which, as well as the dish wheel or half case b, is keyed on to the
solid shaft e, whilst the other half of the case, containing the interior toothed
wheel, is keyed on to the hollow shaft e³, the rotary motion being communicated
through the spur wheel a to the shaft e; it is likewise transmitted through the
internal gearing, shewn in Figure 4, to the hollow shaft e', and, as in the
previous case, admits of compensation.
Figure 5 exhibits another arrangement, of which Figure 6 is a transverse
section; here the spur wheel a is made to carry the bevil wheel gearing with
skew teeth, as shewn in Figures 5 and 6, for effecting the same object as those
previously described.
Figure 7 exhibits another mode of effecting the same purpose, in which, by
the employment of an interior and exterior bevil wheel of the same diameter
on the pitch lines, the one wheel being keyed upon the solid shaft, the other
upon the hollow shaft, two pinions keyed fast upon the same shaft, the one
working against the interior face, and the other on the exterior face, the trans-
lation of the motion is effected. The spur wheel a being cast with a long
boss and wings for carrying in suitable bearings the two short shafts, upon which
the pinions are keyed, the action is the same as in the previous illustrations.
In Sheet 4, Figures 1 and 2 exhibit two views of a modification of Figures
1 and 2; Sheet 3, being another mode of transmitting motion from the engine
to the driving wheels by means of spur wheel gearing only; and Figures 3
and 4 exhibit slight modifications of Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 4, chiefly as to the
proportions of wheel gearing.
.
Figure 1, Sheet 4, shews an internal tooth wheel or box wheel c, keyed on
to the solid shaft f, whilst a small spur pinion d is keyed on to the hollow shaft
e; the two shafts are rotated by the double spur wheel g, being geared with
cither the driving pinions or h; this double spur wheel g carries two short
studs i, upon the ends of which are fixed the small pinion a and the larger
pinions b, the latter taking into the internal toothed wheel c, whilst the small
pinion a gears into the pinion d keyed on to the hollow shaft e. The move-
ments will be better understood by reference to the sectional view, Figure 2,
taking transversely through Figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4 are two views of a modification of Figures 1 and 2, in which
the positions of the larger and the smaller spur wheels g and g¹, and the driving
pinions and h, are transposed.

page_text: Figure 5, Sheet 4, is a side elevation of a wheel, one half of which is in
section with teeth or projections constructed according to my Invention, as
herein-before referred to and in part described, wherein the points of the teeth
or projections will travel in a straight line when in contact with the ground.
The straight line action instead of being produced by the individual yielding
or retreating under pressure of the feet, is caused or produced by means of a
peculiar rail or guide, against which the inner ends of the radial arms attached
to the teeth travel or work in contact, as shewn in Figure 5, where a, a, are
the feet, b, b, the spokes or radial arms, c, the rail or guide against which the
rollers d, d, work; these rollers d, d, are attached to the inner ends of the
spokes or radial arms, as shewn to an enlarged scale in Figures 7 and 8. Suit-
able openings or slots c are formed in annular plates f, f, one of which is
rivetted on each side of the wrought iron side checks g of the wheel; these
act as guides for the inner ends of the spokes or radial arms.
I regulate the extent of projection of the feet or studs by means of a right
and left hand screw box nut h fitted to each of the radial bars, only one of
which is shewn as so fitted in Figure 5.
Figure 6 is an end view (one half in section) of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a transverse section of Figure 8, which shews to an enlarged
scale a side elevation of one of the radial bars fitted at its inner end with a
friction ring or roller, having a number of friction rollers of small diameter
working within it and around the stud or fixed axis.
Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12, Sheet 4, are views of a mode of applying the
hollow or box-like feet herein-before referred to, by which the "walking" or
straight line action peculiar to this Invention is effected.
Having now described my Invention, and illustrated the several parts of the
same by the aid of the four Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, what .I
claim is,-
First, the arrangement and combination of parts of portable engines, as
shewn in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, and herein described.
Second, the construction of wheels for portable or traction engines, with
feet or projecting studs arranged to move in a horizontal line when in contact
with the ground, as shewn in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet I, and in Figures 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, Sheet 4, and as herein described.
Third, the gearing or apparatus herein described and shewn in Figures 1
and 2, Sheet 1, fitted upon the second motion shafts P, P¹, Sheet 1, in combi-
nation with a chain or chains for transmitting the motive power to the 'driving
wheels of portable or traction engines.

page_text: Fourth, the several arrangements of spur gearing or of spur and bevil
gearing combined, as herein described and shewn in Figures 1 to 7, Sheet 3,
and in Figures 1 to 4, Sheet 4, for transmitting power and allowing one
driving wheel to turn faster or in advance of the other in portable or traction
engines.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Taylor, have hereunto set my hand
and scal, this Twelfth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-nine.
Witness,
JNO. KETCHER,
18, Salisbury Street, Strand.
JAMES TAYLOR. (L.S.)