IM- PROVEMENTS IN "MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND WINDING YARN
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
H. DODGE, of Attleborough, in the County of Bristol, and State of Massa-
chusetts, United States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Seventh day of October, in the eleventh year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said George
H. Dodge, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said George H. Dodge, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said George H. Dodge, my exors, adññors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and in the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and
all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN "MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND WINDING YARN;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said George H. Dodge,
shall cause a particular.description of the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within six calendar months next
and immediately after date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
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page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George H. Dodge, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed,and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):
The peculiar object of my said improvements, which are applied to a
throstle spinning frame, is to wind the yarn, as fast as twisted or when
properly twisted, upon each of the spindles, in a regular or proper shaped cop,
which shall have a binding thread between each two adjacent layers of yarn,
in order to prevent the cop from falling apart when removed or while being
removed from the spindle.
Of the afore-mentioned Drawings, Figure 1 exhibits a front elevation of a
throstle frame having my improvements applied to it; Figure 2 isaright-hand
end elevation of the same.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section taken through the axis of the main drum
which drives the spindles, the scroll shaft and other parts below the plain
of the section being represented in top view.
Figure 4 is a rear elevation of the frame, with the exception of those parts
of the mechanism which are situated above the tops of the spindles, and which
are like those in common use in throstle frames.
Figure 5 is a vertical section of the scroll shaft and parts connected with it.
Such other figures as may be necessary to a full description and delinea-
tion of my improvements will be hereafter referred to and described.
In severalofsaid Figures, A, A, denotes the cast-iron ends of a throstle frame;
B, B, are the step rails of the spindles; C, C, the upper bearing rails of the
spindles; D, D, D,&c. are the spindles; E the main drum by which they are
driven; F on each side of the frame is the copping or ring rail; G, G, &c.
are the guides to the threads in their passage from the front pair of drawing
rollers to the spindles; H is a series of drawing rollers, such as are in use in
other throstle frames; I is the bobbin frame or creel; K is the main driving
shaft, from which the drawing rollers and other parts recieve their motions;
L is what I term the scroll shaft; it is situated beneath the main shaft, and
extends transversely across the machine,and revolves in bearings a, a, fastened
to the step rails B, B; it is also supported by and revolves in a third box or
bearing, b, secured to a sustaining bar e, whose ends are respectively fastened
to one end, A, of the main frame, and a transverse beam d, extending from
one lower girt e on one side of the frame to the other (f) on the other side
thereof, as seen in the Drawings. The said scroll shaft has a reciprocating

page_text: partial rotary motion imparteil to it, it being made to move first in one direc-
tion, viz. forwards, with a slow motion, and next in the other direction, or back-
wards, with a much faster one. The mechanism by which the forward motion
of the scroll shaft is obtained is as follows:-A dog or clutch wheel is fixed
upona hollow shaft h, made to run loosely upon the scroll shaft, in the position
as seen in Figures 3 & 5. The said shaft has a worm geer i fixed upon it,
which is made to engage with and endless screw or worm attached to the
lower end of a vertical shaft l, supported by and made to revolve in suitable
bearings. On the upper part of the said shaft 7 is a spur geer m, which is made
to engage with and is turned by a pinion », fixed on another vertical shaft o,
see Figure 2. The said shaft o turns in proper bearings, and has a spur geer p
fixed upon it, which (geer) is made to engage with a spur geer q fixed upon a
third vertical shaft r, put in motion by two bevelled wheels s, t, the former
of which is placed upon it, and the latter upon the main driving shaft /; con-
sequently, when the main shaft is put in revolution in the direction denoted by
the arrow in Figure 2, motion will be given to the clutch or dog wheel g in
the direction denoted by the arrow thereon. The clutch or dog wheel g
consists of a circular plate,having a series of projections w, w, &c., or wide teeth.
arranged in a circle upon one side and near the periphery of it. These pro-
jections are disposed at equal distances apart, or have spaces, t, between
them, as seen in Figure 6, which is a side elevation of the dog wheel, as
removed from the scroll shaft. The teeth w, w, &c., project over the periphery
of a circular plate y, which is fixed upon a hollow tube 61, screwed to the scroll
shaft, and has a recess cut or made in it (as seen in Figure 7, which is a side
view of the plate y), for the reception of a spring dog a', the spring of which
is secured to the hollow tube or hub 61. A bent lever c' (of the shape seen
in Figure 1) is made to turn upon a screw piu or fulcrum d', inserted in the
face or side of the plate y. The said lever should be so curved as to rest
against the spring of the dog a', and when its outer end is elevated to press
against the spring of the dog, and move it and the dog inwards, or out of one
of the spaces of the dog wheel, and into its recess 3. A stud or standard e¹
is fixed to the side of the frame, for the lever c¹ to rest on. From the above it
will be seen that while the dog remains in anyoneof the spaces,a, &c. of the
dog wheel, the said dog wheel will be so clutched to the scroll shaft as to put the
shaft in motion wheu it (the dog wheel) is rotated. When so put in motion
the shaft will continue to move until the lever c¹ is so borne against the stud e¹
ȧs to press the spring dog inwards and out of the space r, in which it may
happen to be. The scroll shaft will be than unclutched from the dog wheel,
and left free to move in an opposite direction, which it will do (as will be

page_text: herein-after described), and will drag the spring dog around with it, until it
meet the succeeding notch a, and springs into it, and by so doing again clutches
the dog wheel to the scroll shaft.
Having thus premised, I shall now proceed to describe my improvements in
mechanism, by which the bottom part of a cop is formed on each spindle, and
the whole cop gradually built up or completed, with a binding thread between
each two consecutive layers of yarn wound on said cop, and making part
thereof. On the scroll shaft is a cam or scroll f¹, formed as represented in
section on an enlarged scale in Figure 8, and made to move freely and loosely
on the shaft. This cam has a chain attached to it, as seen in the said
Figure and in Figure 3. The said chain is carried horizontally over a guide
pulley h', and thence downwards, and is connected to an arm it, which projects
from a horizontal transverse rocker shaft A¹. There is also another and similar
transverse rocker shaft , arranged parallel to the shaft, and in other
respects as seen in the Drawings. From each of said shafts k, l, an arm m¹
extends upwards, and is jointed to a horizontal connecting rod n². Each of
said shafts has also two other arms o¹, o¹, or p¹, pl, extending from it, as seen
in Figure 3. To each of these last-mentioned arms one of four vertical rods
777, q', is jointed. Each ring rail F is indirectly supported on two of the
rods, 2; that is to say, small studs or projections,, from its vertical guide
rods s', s, rest upon the tops of said rods. From the above it will be seen
that when the chain g' is drawn forwards, or in a direction towards the right-
haud end of the main frame, each ring rail will be raised upwards; so, when
the chain is suffered to move backwards, that is, in an opposite direction, the
ring rails will be left free to fall down by their own weight or any power made
to depress them. The cam or scroll" is fixed upon a hollow or tubular shaft
t, which revolves freely on the scroll shaft L. A worm gear u' is fixed on the
said tubular shaft t¹, and engages with an endless screw or worm v¹, fixed on
a shaft w, which revolves in bearings in the tops of a standard or frame a',
which is fastened firmly to the scroll shaft L. The said shaft w has a
ratchet wheely fastened upon its forward end. The shaft w' extends through
one end of a vibrating lever a, which is made to play loosely upon the shaft ;
the said lever carries upon its other end an impelling pawl 6, which engages
with the ratchet wheel. Over the ratchet wheel is a retaining pawl c², which
is jointed to an arm d, extending upwards from the frame x. The ratchet
wheel y' has a small crank handle & projecting from its side, the same being
for the purpose of enabling a person to turn the whole back, and lower the
ring rail when the pawls are thrown up, and when desirable. Directly under
the rear end of the lever a is a bent lever e, which turns or moves upon the

page_text: scroll shaft as a fulcrum. Its outer. end rests, when in its lowest position, ou the
top of a stationary standard f, which is affixed to the lower girt of the cast-
iron end of the main frame. The inner arm of the said lever e² extends
directly under a horizontal projection 2, which is applied to a vertical rod h²,
extending downwards from the adjacent ring rail F. The said projection g²
should be so adapted to the rod he that it may be elevated or depressed by
adjusting screws and nuts, in order that its position may be regulate las circum-
stances may require. The scroll shaft has a cam i, fixed firmly to it. The
said cam is seen in Figure 9, which represents a section of it and the lever
beneath it; it also exhibits the chain g', and various parts adjacent thereto.
The cam is made to act upon and depress a lever, whose fulcrum is at 13.
The said lever carries a roll m2, which is applied to the side of its inner end,
and rests on the chain g¹.
Before proceeding to describe the peculiar purposes of various com-
binations I have now specified, as well as their combined action, in order
to raise the ring rail in the manner required to build the cop or cops, I
deem it advisable to explain the manner in which and the machinery by
which the ring rail is operated in order to deposit or lay the binding threads
over or around each layer of yarn composing each of the cops. From what
has been herein-before described, it will be seen that whenever the scroll shaft
has its spring dog a thrown into geer with the clutch wheel adjacent to it, the
said scroll shaft will be put in motion forwards, and by means of the scroll or
cam f, and the chain gl, and various other parts, will elevate the ring rails,
and will continne to elevate them while it is so moved. As soon, however, as
the spring dog is forced by the lever e¹ backwards, and out of the space of
the clutch wheel in which it may happen to be, the ring rail will be left free
to fall down, and will do so through the action of gravity, and will cause
the scroll shaft and the spring dog to move backwards until the latter
meets, and springs into the next recess of the clutch wheel. This fall of
the ring rail while the spindles are in rapid revolution will cause the
be laid on each cop in a helix, which will cross the several threads of the layer
of yarn previously spun and wound on the spindle. Now, in order that the
ring rail may not fall so quickly or suddenly as to break the yarns, or not put
on the cop a sufficient quantity of binding thread, it becomes necessary to make
use of some kind of mechanism which shall ease the ring rail in its fall, or
cause it to fall with the variable or required velocity. The said mechanism
I shall now proceed to describe :-An arın n, fixed to the scroll shaft L,
projects downwards from it, and carries a small fly wheel of, on an axle p²,
extending horizontally from it. Said fly wheel has a a small pinion q² affixed
yarn to

page_text: in
This
to it, which engages with a spur geer, fixed to a tubular shaft s2, which runs
loosely and freely upon the scroll shaft. On the said shaft s is a worm geer
t2, which engages with an cudless screw or worm . placed on the vertical
shaft o herein-before mentioned. The said endless screw u² should so be made
to revolve the geer wheel 2 as to cause it to turn the shaft and the geer
wheel in the direction denoted by the arrow on said wheel 2. The
said wheel will then act on the pinion, and put the fly wheel
rapid revolution in the direction denoted by the arrow thereon.
taking place while the ring rail is being raised will cause a considerable
momentum to be generated in the fly wheel, which rises upwards with the arm
n; which will be carried up by the forward movement of the scroll shaft.
Now, when the ring rail falls, the momentum so generated in the fly wheel
will be brought into action in such manner as to cause the pinion q² to so
operate against its geer as to counterbalance in a certain degree the ten-
dency of the ring rail to fall too quickly or suddenly. The ring rail will thus be
eased down so as not to break the threads, and with the degree of velocity
necessary to ensure the laying of a due quantity of binding thread on the cops.
The ring rail may be further counterbalanced by an adjustable weight v²,
applied to an arin w², extending from the rocker shaft . By means of the
scroll or cam f we regulate the length of each successive layer of yarn
composing the cop. As the scroll shaft has a positive motion imparted to
it, that is, as it is always made to rotate forwards a like distance and backwards
a like distance, it will be seen that in order to increase the length of each
successive layer of yarn wound on the spindle to form the bottom part of
the cop the elevation of the ring rail must be gradually increased. This is
produced by the peculiar shape given to the scroll or cam f', and the moving
or gradually turning said cam around on the shaft.
Figure 10 represents a longitudinal and central section of a cop placed on
a spindle 7. The part a, b, c, d, e, f, of the cop I term the bottom part of it,
while all that above the same I term the top part. The first layer of yarn I
suppose to be wound on the spindle a distance a, n, equal to about one-half of
the length b, c, of the last layer composing the bottom part of the
cop. From
the above it will readily be understood why the scroll or cam f" must be
gradually turned around on the scroll shaft so as to increase the length of each
successive layer of yarn composing the bottom part of the cop. It is the
purpose of the worm u¹, endless screw t', shaft w³, frame a", ratchet wheel y¹,
vibrating lever a, impelling pawl 2, lever e, standard f, projection g², and
rod ², herein-before described, to produce the gradual rotation of the cam
both to form the bottom and top part of the cop. When the scroll shaft is

page_text: moved forward the lever will be moved against the lever e, and thereby
cause the empelling pawl 2 to turn the ratchet wheel y' a short distance, so as
to create a movement of the scroll or cam f on the scroll shaft. The move-
ment of the ratchet wheel is increased by elevating the outer end of the lever
e², which may be effected by depressing the adjustable projection g² of the rod
h. Owing to the manner in which the scroll f is made it becomes necessary
to turn it somewhat faster on the scroll shaft at first, while forming the lower.
portion of the bottom part of the cop, than it does as the winding of the said
bottom part continues to progress. In winding the top part of the
cop the
scroll has a regular progressive motion upon its scroll shaft, and the portion b,
c, d (Figure 8), of its periphery is then receiving and acting on the chain g¹.
While the bottom part of the cop is being made the portion a, b (Figure 8),
is in action upon the chain. In order to cause the ring rail to rise
upwards with the increased velocity necessary to prevent the yarn from piling
too much in one place, and thereby destroying the conical form of each
layer of yarn, I make use of the cam lever, and roll m2, the cam
being so formed as to properly depress the lever 2 to the extent required
to cause the roll m² to bear down upon the chain gl so as to produce the
gradual necessary increased rise of the ring rail. As it is very important that
but very little yarn should be wound at the nose or upper part of each layer
of the cop, I provide the cam with an angular projection a² (see Figure 9),
which, as soon as the cam has completed its action on the lever, shall in its
turn depress the lever so as to cause a very quick or sudden rise of the ring
rail sufficient to produce the effect required. A friction spring y is so applied
to the end A of the main frame as to act as a stop to gradually check the
motion of the arm when it falls down.
The next part of my Invention relates to the manner in which each of the
spindles is made in order that it may be elevated so as to enable an attendant
on the machine to piece up or join the ends of the yarn when broken. It
often happens that the ring of the ring rail may render it difficult to get hold
of the end of the thread wound on the cop. In order to overcome this diffi-
culty, the spindle, for about one inch and half below its upper bearing, is
made of the same size or diameter as the part which runs in the bearing, as
seen at z, in Figures 1 and 10. By taking hold of the spindle when so made
it may be readily raised upwards so as to carry the broken end of the thread
above the ring of the ring rail, and into such a position as will readily enable
the operative to seize the same. It is well known that the part of the spindle
on which the yarn is first wound at the commencement of building a cop must
be of a diameter large enough to create a lateral drag on the traveller sufficient

page_text: toreadily overcome its inertia (when it is first started on.its ring), and impart
to it a velocity on the ring which will prevent the thread from breaking. As
spindles have heretofore been made, they have been constructed of this neces-
sary size at the bottom, and with a gradual taper therefrom to the point or top
part, which was made much smaller in diameter. For various reasons it is
very desirable to build the cop on a spindle of very small diameter throughout
that part on which the cop is made. By using such a spindle there is less
danger of drawing or falling in of the yarn at the centre of the cop after its
removal from the spindle. Besides this, the smaller the spindle the less will be
the weight of the spindle required to hold the cop in the shuttle. To obtain
the advantages of a small spindle, and with a diameter at bottom large enough
to start the traveller without danger of rupture of the yarn, I make the part
a3 of the spindle directly below that on which the cop is formed of a diameter
large enough to produce the lateral drag upon the traveller required to over-
come its inertia when first started, and give to it a velocity that will prevent the
thread from breaking; and before commencing the cop I wind a few turns of
yarn on the said part of the spindle. That part of the spindle on which the cop
is formed (viz. the part 63, 3) I make much smaller in diameter, reducing it
to as small a size as will be allowable and admit of its possessing the necessary
strength.
The spindle so constructed is seen in the Drawings. By this mode of
making it I am enabled to doff or remove the cops (from the spindles) after
their completion without first being obliged to raise them upwards on the
spindles by the hand far enough to allow of a few turns of yarn to be laid on
that part of each spindle on which the cop is first commenced, as is generally
done in mule spinning. A convenient velocity for the spurgeer I consider to
be one revolution to sixteen of the front drawing roller. The clutch or dog
wheely I cause to revolve at the rate of sixty-four one hundredths of a revolu-
tion to eighty revolutions of the front drawing roller. I mention these pro-
portions, but do not confine my Invention to such.
Having thus specified my improvements, that which I claim is as follows: I
claim the combination of mechanism by which the scroll shaft has a partial rotary
forward motion imparted to it, and is allowed to fall or move backwards, the
same consisting of the standard el, or any equivalent therefor, the bent lever
cl, the spring dog a¹, the clutch or dog wheelg, or their incchanical substitutes;
the whole being arranged, applied to the scroll shaft,audoperated and made to
operate together substantially as specified. And, in combination with the afore-
said shaft and machinery for imparting to it its rotative motion or motions, I
claim the cam and chain and machinery connecting said shaft with the ring

page_text: rail or rails, or any mechanical equivalents therefor, the whole being for the
purpose of raising the ring rail or rails, and suffering it or them to fall down
for the purpose of laying or binding thread over each layer of thread of each
of the cops, as specified.
I further claim the combination of mechanism by which I am enabled to
regulate the length of each successive layer of yarn composing the cop, the
same consisting of the cam f¹, and made to rotate or partially rotate on the
scroll shaft, as described, the worm geer ¹, endless screw t¹, shaft w¹, frame a¹,
ratchet wheely, vibrating lever a³, impelling pawl 63, lever e², standard f², pro-
jection g2, androd he, extending downwards from the ring rail, or the mechanical
equivalents, the whole being combined and made to operate substantially as
specified.
I further clain, in its application to the scroll shaft, the combination of
mechanism by which the fall of the ring rail is regulated in such manner as to
prevent it from descending too suddenly, so as to break any of the yarns, the
said mechanism consisting of the fly wheel o², and machinery for rotating it, 'as
applied to the scroll shaft, and made to operate in connection therewith, sub-
stantially as specified.
And, for the purpose of causing the ring rail to rise upwards with the
increased velocity necessary to prevent the yarn from piling too much in any
one place, and thereby destroying the conical form of such layer of yarn com-
posing the cop, I claim the cam i², lever k³, and roll m², or any equivalents
therefor, as combined with the scroll shaft and the chain g¹, and made to
operate substantially in manner as herein-before explained.
And in combination with the said machinery I claim the projection a³,
applied to the cam 22, for the purpose of producing a very quick rise of the ring
rail, in order to finish the nose or upper extremity of each layer of yaru com-
posing the cop in the manner as specified.
And I also claim the above-described manuer of making each of the spindles
in order that it may be elevated so as to carry a broken end of yarn above the
ring rail, so that an attendant may readily seize it to piece up or join it to the
thread proceeding from the draw rollers, without being obliged to wait for the
ring rail to fall downwards.
of it
And I also claim to construct the spindle, directly beneath that part
on which the cop is formed, of a diameter proper to produce the lateral drag
on the traveller sufficient to overcome its inertia, and impart to it a velocity
necessary to prevent the yarn from being broken, in combination with making
that part of the spindle on which the cop is formed smaller in diameter, as

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that, on the oath of Samuel Carpmael,
the Specification aforesaid was enrolled, word for word, as above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
1
Enrolled the Seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-eight
Enrolled the Seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-eight