Improvements in Paint, and in the Method of Producing and Applying same.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Aug., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 17th Apr., 1897-Accepted; 19th June, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Paint, and in the Method of Producing and
Applying same.
We HUGH WEIR AIRD of No. 14 Sussex Street, in the City of Montreal in
the District of Montreal and Province of Quebec, Dominion of Canada, Treasurer,
and CHARLES EDGAR FELCH of No. 14 Brandon Street in the said City of
Montreal, Paint Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of our said invention to
be as follows:-
Our invention relates to paints for use particularly in painting the bottoms of
vessels although paint manufactured and applied according to our invention will
be advantageous in many other instances, and the object of the invention is to
enable a perfectly smooth and antifrictional surface to be obtained and one upon
which neither salt nor fresh water will have any ill effect, while the paint at the
same time preserves the surface upon which it may be applied for a greater
length of time than has been possible when the paints heretofore known have been
used.
The invention may be said briefly, to consist first in compounding graphite and the
well known commercial composition "japan" and further in the method of so doing
and of applying same in a manner to be hereinafter fully described. We have
discovered that a graphite indigenous to the Dominion of Canada and other places
throughout the Western Continent can be used with even greater advantage than
the well known "Ceylon graphite "owing doubtless to the presence in the Canadian
graphite, as we may term it of about 50 per cent. of a disintegrating mineral
substance very much resembling, if not actually feldspar.
We therefore prefer to use the Canadian graphite although if a slight percentage
of Ceylon graphite is added the result is to some extent superior.
In carrying out our invention, the preferred method may be described as
follows:-
A liquid vehicle or japan composition is first produced which is composed of
30 gallons of raw linseed oil
60 gallons of spirits of turpentine
30 pounds of litharge
5 pounds of manganese oxide
100 pounds of kauri copal gum.
A paste is then made by combining
100 pounds of finely ground Canadian graphite and 100 pounds of
liquid vehicle.
This paste is then ground or thoroughly mixed by passing same several times
through a water cooled mill after which it may be reduced to liquid or paint form
by adding 10 gallons of spirits of turpentine and one gallon of raw linseed oil,
which is generally found sufficient for the 210 pounds of paste.
When the Ceylon graphite is used alone it is found advantageous to mix there-
with a quantity of feldspar or similar substance and grind same together, the
feldspar acting to a considerable extent as a disintegrator. Of course the liquid
vehicle or japan composition may be varied specifically to a considerable extent
with regard to special colouring matter, thinners, dryers and gums and we therefore
do not wish to be confined to the particular japan described, as we consider that

page_text: an admixture of graphite and any japan containing as essential soil and gum with a
thinner, as coming within the scope of our invention.
We might mention that linseed oil, gum shellac and turpentine are the essentials
most generally used in japan compositions.
A paint of the composition described is as readily applicable as ordinary paint
and of a most permanent nature. The thinning of the paint may be varied
according to the use for which it is intended; for instance, when durability alone
is required as in the case of the coating of the bottom of an ocean going vessel,
the paint should be thinned with black asphaltum; japan and turpentine or if the
smoothest surface attainable and therefore one that, will be anti frictional and anti
fouling, and a durable one besides be required, the paint should also be thinned
with black asphaltum japan and turpentine in slightly varying proportions; while
if an anti friction surface alone is desired, as for a. racing, yacht or canoe, the paint
will be thinned with turpentine alone.
We prefer to apply the paint as follows:-in fact-in many instances we have
found it essential to do so :-
When the surface is smooth, the paint is applied in the same manner. as ordinary
paint and when dry, rubbed with sand paper pumice stone or other polishing
material but when the surface is rough and unequal, the paint is applied, and before
it is quite dry, or in the condition known as "tacky" it is dusted over with some
additional finely powdered "graphite" and then rubbed thus causing the additional
graphite to combine with the paint in that condition and allow a surface to be
evenly coated whether the same be smooth or rough and unequal and at the same
time prevent the paint from being disturbed.
The travelling pressure caused by a firm rubbing of the additional graphite into
the paint as just described is found to impart a permanent coating of a hard and
smooth metallic nature.
ינות
GEORGE BARKER,
77 Colmore Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicants.
Improvements in Paint, and in the Method of Producing and
Applying: same.
We HUGH WEIR AIRD of No. 14 Sussex Street, in the City of Montreal, in
the District of Montreal and Province of Quebec, Dominion of Canada, Treasurer,
and CHARLES EDGAR FELCH of No. 14 Brandon Street, in the City of Montreal
Paint Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of our said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to paints for use, particularly in painting the bottoms of
vessels, although paint manufactured and applied according to our invention will
be advantageous in many other instances, and the object of the invention is to
enable a perfectly smooth and antifrictional surface to be obtained and one upon
which neither salt or fresh water will have any ill-effet, while the paint at the
same time preserves the surface upon which it may be applied. for a greater
length of time, than has been possible when the paints heretofore known have been
used.
The invention may be said, briefly to consist first in compounding graphite and
the well known commercial composition "japan" and further in the method of
so doing, and of applying same in a manner to be hereinafter fully described.

page_text: We have discovered that a graphite indigenious to the Dominion of Canada andi
other places throughout the Western Continent can be used with even greater-
advantage than the well known Ceylon graphite, owing doubtless to the
presence in the "Canadian graphite," as we may term it of about 50 per cent..
of a disintegrating mineral substance very much resembling, if not actually,
feldspar.
We therefore prefer to use the Canadian graphite although if a slight percentage
of Ceylon graphite is added the result is to some extent superior.
In carrying out our invention, the preferred method may be described as
follows:
A liquid vehicle or japan composition is first produced which is composed of:
30 gallons of raw linseed oil
60 gallons of spirits of turpentine
30 pounds of a lead drier such as litharge
5 pounds of a manganese drier such as manganese oxide
100 pounds of kauri copal gum.
A paste is then made by combining
110 pounds of finely ground Canadian graphite, and 100 pounds of
the liquid vehicle.
This paste is then ground or thoroughly mixed by passing same several times
through a water-cooled mill, after which it may be reduced to liquid or paint form
by adding 10 gallons of spirits of turpentine and one gallon of raw linseed oil,
which is generally found sufficient for the 210 pounds of paste.
When the Ceylon graphite is used alone, it is found advantageous to mix
therewith a quantity of feldspar or similar substance and grind same together, the
feldspar acting to a considerable extent, as a disintegrator to overcome the natural'
scaliness of the graphite.
Of course, the liquid vehicle or japan composition may be varied specifically to.
a considerable extent with regard to special colouring matter, thinners, dryers and
gums and we therefore do not wish to be confined to the particular japan described,.
as we consider that an admixture of graphite and any japan containing as essentials,
oil and gum with a thinner as coming within the scope of our invention.
We might mention that linseed oil, gum shellac and turpentine are the essentials.
most generally used in japan compositions. A paint of the composition described.
is as readily applicable as ordinary paint and of a most permanent nature. The
thinning of the paint may be varied according to the use for which it is intended;
for instance when durability alone is required, as in the case of the coating of the
bottom of an ocean going vessel, the paint should be thinned with black asphaltum,.
japan and turpentine or if the smoothest surface attainable, and therefore one that.
will be auti-frictional and antifouling and a durable one besides, be required the
paint should also be thinned with a black asphaltum japan and turpentine iu slightly
varying proportions; while, if an anti friction surface alone is desired as for a.
racing yacht or canoe, the paint will be thinned with turpentine alone.
We prefer to apply the paint as follows,-in fact iu many instances we have
found it essential to do so :-
When the surface is smooth, the paint is applied in the same manner as ordinary
paint and when dry rubbed with sand paper, pumice stone or other polishing
material, but when the surface is rough and unequal, the paint is applied and,.
before it is quite dry or in the condition known as "tacky," it is dusted over with
some additional finely powdered "graphite" and then rubbed, thus causing the
additional graphite to combine with the paint in that condition and allow a surface-
to be evenly coated whether the same be smooth or rough and unequal and at the-
same time prevent the paint from being disturbed.
The travelling pressure caused by a firm rubbing of the additional graphite into.
be paint, as just described is found to impart a permanent coating of a hard and
mooth metallic nature.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
CLAIMS.
First. A paint consisting of graphite and an oil japan compouned together.
Second. A paint consisting of graphite, a disintegrating substance and an oil
japan compounded together.
Third. A paint consisting of graphite a mineral disintegrating substance and an
oil japan compounded together.
Fourth. A paint consisting of graphite and feldspar, oxidized oil, gum and
turpentine compounded together.
Fifth. A paint consisting of a liquid vehicle composed of linseed oil, spirits of
turpentine, a lead drier, and kauri copal gum, to which has been added Canadian
graphite in the proportions specified.
Sixth. A paint consisting of a liquid vehicle composed of linseed oil spirits of
turpentine, a lead drier, a manganese drier and kauri copal gum, to which has been
added Canadian graphite in the proportions specified.
Seventh. A paint consisting of a liquid vehicle composed of linseed oil spirits of
turpentine, litharge manganese oxide and kauri copal gum, to which has been added
Canadian graphite in the proportions specified.
Eighth. A paint consisting of powdered graphite and feldspar raw linseed oil,
turpentine, litharge manganese oxide, and gum, compounded together substantially
in the proportion specified.
Ninth. The method of making a paint which consists of forming a vehicle
composed of linseed oil spirits of turpentine, litharge manganese oxide and kauri
copal gum, then forming a paste by the addition of Canadian graphite thereto, then
thinning the mass by the addition thereto of spirits of turpentine and raw linseed
oil as specified.
Tenth. The improved method of applying paint composed of "graphite" and
"japan" which consists in first applying the paint and then rubbing same, when
dry, with sand paper, pumice stone, or other polishing material, as a finishing
process, for the purpose set forth.
Eleventh. The improved method of applying paint, composed of " graphite" and
"japan," which consists in first applying the paint, then dusting powdered graphite
over such paint before dry, and finally rubbing same, as a finishing process, for the
purpose set forth.
Twelfth. The improved method of applying anti friction and anti fouling coatings
composed of graphite and japan, which consists in covering the surface with the
composition and then subjecting same to travelling pressure as a finishing process,
for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 15th day of April 1897
GEORGE BARKER,
77 Colmore Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicants.