IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING BLOOD, AND FORMING SOLID SUBSTANCES THEREFROM
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and Com-
pany, Patent Agents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING BLOOD, AND
FORMING SOLID SUBSTANCES THEREFROM." A communication from abroad by
Wilford Leonard Palmer, of the City of New York, United States of America,
Merchant.
Sealed the 13th November 1877, and dated the 20th September 1877.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1877.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OF TREATING BLOOD, AND FORMING SOLID SUBSTANCES THEREFROM." A com-
munication from abroad by Wilford Leonard Palmer, of the City of New York,
United States of America, Merchant.
This Invention relates to the treatment and use of blood for making therefrom
articles of use and ornament, and it consists in bringing the blood itself to a fine
or powdered condition, sometimes mixing other materials therewith, and subjecting
it to pressure in heated moulds, which give to it the required form of the article to
be produced.
In carrying out the Invention I take blood, strain the same and dry it to such a
state that it can be ground or pulverized; I then grind or pulverize it, and if any
coarse particles are yet present, I sift it through a fine sieve so as to separate the
coarse particles from it, and to obtain the pulverized material of a general uniform
degree of fineness. The fine material is then put into moulds or dies of any
desired form or pattern, according to the shape of the article which is to be made,
and it is subjected, for about from five to ten minutes, to sufficient pressure to bring
the powdered material into a permanent and solid condition, having the form of
the mould or dies, the moulds or dies being heated to about 200° Fahrenheit to
300° F.
I have found a temperature of 245° F. produce satisfactory results, but I do not
wish to confine myself to any particular measure of heat so long as the heat is

page_text: sufficient, along with the pressure employed, to allow the powdered material to take
a solid or permanent form.
The pressure employed varies according to the solidity required to be given to
the articles generally; the greater the pressure, the harder and more durable the
article. I have employed a pressure of nearly forty tons with beneficial results.
When I desire to impart additional strength and toughness to articles, I add to
the powdered blood, bone dust and glue in the proportion of about one-sixth by
measure of bone dust to about five-sixths of the powdered blood, and about one-
tenth by measure of dissolved glue, of about the consistency of milk, to nine-
tenths by measure of the powdered blood, and mix them thoroughly. This mixture
is put into the moulds and pressed as before explained.
The bone dust gives to the article a lighter color than when blood alone is used,
and if I desire that the article shall be black, I color the bone dust black before
using it. If however I desire to make the article of a lighter color, I dye the bone
dust of a light or any desired color or tint before using it.
I do not confine myself to any particular quantity or proportion of the bone dust
and glue or coloring matter, nor do I restrict myself to the combination of the
prepared blood with the other materials.
I am aware that in the process of making composite articles of blood, the blood
has been first mixed with organic or inorganic substances, then the mass so formed
compressed under great pressure in moulds of any desired form.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is, the process of
treating blood for making articles of use or ornament by reducing it to a dry and
powdered or fine condition, and subjecting it to heat and pressure in suitable moulds
or dies, substantially as described, with or without the use of bone dust or glue as
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.