IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRYING WHITE LEAD AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, EVAPORAIKEPURPO
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Perry, of Bromley-by-Bow, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR DRYING WHITE LEAD AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, EVAPORATING
Sealed the 4th May 1875, and dated the 6th November 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Perry at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th November 1874.
I, ALEXANDER PERRY, of Bromley-by-Bow, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR DRYING WHITE LEAD AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, EVAPORATING
CHEMICAL AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention relates to simple, but thoroughly efficient apparatus for
drying white lead, pigments of various kinds, and other like substances,
and also for evaporating liquids in chemical and other works, breweries,
and the like, and for drying and evaporating any materials existing in a
liquid or semi-liquid condition.

page_text: According to the first part of my said Invention I arrange within a
vertical chamber or stove, constructed of brickwork or other suitable
material, a wheel or drum formed of cast iron, copper, or other metal.
This wheel or drum is fitted upon a shaft or axle, which is supported to
turn freely in suitable bearings in the brickwork. Above this wheel or
roller is a pan or tray connected by a pipe or passage with a cistern or
vat containing the liquid, white lead, or other liquid or semi-liquid
substances to be treated. This tray is provided with a rotating brush
feeder, which drives the liquid over the edge of the pan or tray, from
which it drops upon the periphery of the said wheel or drum.
In some cases, instead of having the said tray and rotating feeder, I
provide the said apparatus with a number of tubes of india-rubber or other
flexible material connected with a pump, which forces the white lead or
other substance through the said tubes. The latter are arranged with
their ends over the periphery of the wheel or drum, and they are fitted
with compressors, consisting of clips or other devices, operated by cams
or otherwise to compress the said flexible tubes, and thereby regulate or
stop the feed or discharge from the same. In combination with the said
wheel or drum I arrange a scraper of steel or other metal, which is
hinged or jointed to an arm or bracket, and whose edge rests upon the
periphery of the said drum in such a position that as the latter rotates
any substance on its periphery will be removed by the said scraper.
At the bottom of the chamber or stove I build a furnace or fire-place
provided with flues or passages connected with a chimney, and so
arranged in the said stove that the heated air without any of the
products of combustion passes up the stove and over, around, and
through the said wheel or drum, so that the white lead or other substance
falling on the said drum is dried thereon. And as the said wheel rotates
the scraper removes the dried material, which falls into a properly
arranged receptacle.
If it is desired to dry white lead or other like material in lumps or
thick pieces I dry it on the inner periphery of the said drum. For this
purpose the liquid white lead or other substance is introduced into the
end or ends of the drum, and when dry is scraped off by hand.
In some instances I arrange below the said wheel or drum smaller
drums to catch any of the white lead or other material which may drip
from the said drum, and these smaller drums are provided with scrapers
for removing the dried material in the manner above described.

page_text: According to the second part of my said Invention I arrange within
a vertical chamber or stove a series of metal trays or pans, one below
the other, the upper pan being supplied with the liquid to be evapo-
rated, which liquid passes from one pan to another throughout the series,
and is discharged from the last one into a settling pan. The said
chamber or stove is provided with a furnace or fire-place, whose flues
have dampers, whereby the draft may be regulated so that the said
chamber and pans may be heated by the hot air alone or by the air and
gases from the furnaces combined. A horizontal metal plate placed in
the flue space below the said settling pan divides the said flue space into
upper and lower passages, each of which passages is provided with a
damper. When the damper in the upper passage is open it admits the
gases from the furnace to the said settling pan, but when this damper is
closed and the lower one opened the said pan is heated by hot air
alone.
The aforesaid trays or pans are supported on frames hinged or pivoted
at one side to the walls of the stove and connected to vertical rods, which
are adjustable through levers and screw rods, so that the said trays may
be set to any desired angle or inclination to hold more or less of the
liquid and to facilitate their washing. The said trays are also provided
with small rollers, whereby they are supported on the said frames, and
there are apertures in the sides of the stove through which the said trays
are drawn when it is required to remove them from the stove. The
supply pipe is furnished with a cock or valve, whereby the quantity of
liquid admitted to the said trays or pans may be conveniently regulated.
The settling pan has a delivery pipe fitted with a cock or valve, whereby
the liquid in the said pan may be drawn off as required in cases where
the whole of the said líquid is not evaporated.

page_text: ་་
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alexander Perry, Her special licence
that I, the said Alexander Perry, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander Perry, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR DRYING WHITE LEAD AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, EVAPORATING CHEMICAL AND
OTHER LIQUIDS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Alexander Perry, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Perry, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing
forming a part of this Specification:-
My Invention relates to simple, but thoroughly efficient apparatus for
drying white lead, pigments of various kinds, and other like substances,
and also for evaporating liquids in chemical and other works, breweries,
and the like, and for drying and evaporating any materials existing in a
liquid or semi-liquid condition and requiring to be so treated.
The manner in which my said Invention is very advantageously carried
into practise may be fully understood by referring to the accompanying
Drawings, which I will now proceed to describe.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is an elevation of an apparatus constructed according to my
Invention for dowing white load and for other lika nurnoses: Figure 2

page_text: Figures 4 and 5 are vertical sections on planes at right angles to each
other, showing. the said apparatus as constructed for evaporating
purposes; Figure 5° shews a portion of Figure 5 detached.
Figure 6 is a vertical section illustrating a modified construction of
the said apparatus.
Figure 7 is a vertical section of the said Invention illustrating its
especial adaptation to the purpose of evaporating and purifying oil.
Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the Drawings.
According to the first part of my said Invention, which is illustrated
in Figures 1, 2, 3, I crect a vertical chamber or stove a of brickwork or
other suitable material. Within this stove or chamber I arrange a wheel
or drum 6, preferably formed of an alloy of copper and tin, but which
in some instances may be of copper, cast iron, or other metal. This
wheel or drum 6 is fitted upon a shaft or axle c, which is supported to
turn freely in suitable bearings supported in the brickwork. Above this
wheel or roller 6 is a pan or tray d, which is firmly fixed in or upon the
brickwork, and connected by a pipe or passage with a cistern or vat
containing the liquid white lead or other liquid or semi-liquid substances
to be treated. This tray d is provided with a rotating pair of feed
rollers d', or a single roller or a brush feeder to drive the liquid over the
edge of the pan or tray, from which it drops upon the periphery of the
said wheel or drum b.
In some cases instead of having the said tray and rotating feeder I
provide the said apparatus with a number of tubes of india-rubber or
other flexible material connected with a pump, which forces the white
lead or other substance through the said tubes. The latter are arranged
with their ends over the periphery of the wheel or drum, and they are
fitted with compressors, consisting of clips or other devices, operated by
cams or otherwise to compress the said flexible tubes, and thereby
regulate or stop the feed or discharge from the same. The shaft c of the
wheel or drum b is provided outside the chamber or stove a with a pulley
or gear wheel, whereby it receives motion from a steam engine or other
power.
In combination with the said wheel or drum I arrange a
scraper e of steel or other metal, which is fixed to the brickwork or is
•

page_text: -
hinged or jointed to an arm or bracket, and whose edge rests upon the
periphery of the said drum, as shewn in Figure 2, in such a position that
as the latter rotates any substances adhering to its periphery will be
removed by the said scraper.
At the bottom and at one side of the chamber or stove a I arrange a
furnace or fire-place ƒ provided with flues or passages connected with a
chimney, and so arranged in the said stove that the heated air without
any of the products of combustion passes up the stove and over, around,
and through the said wheel or drum, so that the white lead or other
substance falling on the said drum is dried thereon. This object of my
said Invention is effected in the apparatus shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, by
the use of a series of discs f¹, which have central apertures, and are so
fitted together as to form a vertical flue leading to the chimney g. These
discs also form a series of radiators, whereby the air passing through
the vertical chamber h is heated before it enters the chamber a. As
the wheel 6 rotates the scraper e removes the dried material, which
falls into properly arranged troughs or receptacles. These troughs are
preferably arranged, as shewn in Figures 2 and 3, that is to say, there
are three troughs 1, 2, 3, one above the other, each being provided with
a screw feeder, which feeder impels the material in the direction of the
arrows in Figure 3. By this arrangement the partially dried white lead
or other material falling into the trough is carried along to the
aperture 1, through which it falls into the second trough *. It is then
carried in the opposite direction to the aperture 2, through which it falls
into the third trough . In the latter its direction is again reversed to
carry it to the aperture 3, through which it is discharged completely
dried. When the white lead or other material is sufficiently dried on
the drum b the two upper troughs may be removed. The said screw
feeders are driven by a belt j passed over the pulleys k, l, the former
being fixed on the drum shaft c, which also has a pulley m for driving &
the aforesaid feed roller at the top of the chamber a.
If it is desired to dry white lead or other like material in lumps or
thick pieces I dry it on the inner periphery of the said drum. For this
purpose the liquid white lead or other substance is introduced
end or ends of the drum, and when dry is scraped off by hand.
into the
In some instances I arrange below the said wheel or drum smaller
drums to catch any of the white lead or other material which may drip
୫

page_text: from the said drum, and these small drums are provided with scrapers
for removing the dried material in the manner above described.
According to the second part of my said Invention, which is clearly
illustrated in Figures 4, 5, and 5º, I arrange within the vertical chamber
or stove a a series of metal trays or pans n, the upper pan being supplied
with the liquid to be evaporated through feed troughs or channels o.
This liquid passes from one pan to another throughout the series, and is
discharged from the last one into a settling pan p. The said chamber
or stove a is provided with a furnace or fire-place ƒ like that above
described. This furnace has a series of flues provided with dampers,
whereby the draft may be regulated so that the said chamber and pans.
may be heated by hot air alone, or by hot air mixed with gases from the
furnace. For this purpose I adopt the following arrangement, that is to
say, I have three pipes f",f",ƒ³, extending from the vertical pipe f* of
the furnace f. These pipes are fitted with dampers ƒ³, ƒ³, ƒ³. Below
the settling pan p I place a plate q, which divides the flue space below
the said pan into an upper and a lower passage q³, q². By opening the
damper fand closing the others I apply the heat to the bottom of the
plate q, and the space above this plate forms a hot air chamber for
heating the pan p. By opening the damper f I admit the hot air into
the space q¹ under the said pan, and heat the pan directly by hot air
alone, but by opening the damper f* I admit the heated gases from the
furnace to the top of the pan.
The aforesaid trays or pans n are hinged or pivoted at ? on one side to
the walls of the stove a, and are connected to vertical rods, which are
adjustable so that the said trays may be set to any desired angle or incli-
nation to hold more or less of the liquid and to facilitate their washing
or clearing out. For this purpose I prefer to use chains passed over
pulleys, and connected to the windlass 7. The liquid overflows
from the pans n through overflow apertures n³, formed as shown in
Figure 5, which is a section through one of the said pans, and I prefer
that these overflow apertures should be so arranged that in the series of
pans the apertures will be alternately on opposite sides of the same.
8, 8, are apertures leading from the chamber a to the flue u, which leads
to the chimney v. These apertures are provided with dampers &³ con- .
nected through rods s³ with the levers s³, whereby they are adjusted to
open the said dampers more or less as required to regulate the evapora-,
tion. Below the aforesaid settling pan q I place an overflow pan w; and,

page_text: provide the said settling pan with a tube, through which the liquid when
above the level of the top of the said tube will flow into the pan w. The
supply troughs or pipes o are furnished with suitable cocks or valves,
whereby the quantity of liquid admitted to the said trays or pans may
be conveniently regulated. The settling pan p has a delivery pipe p¹
fitted with a cock or valve, whereby the liquid in the said pan may be
drawn off as required in cases where the whole of the said liquid is not
evaporated.
In the apparatus shown in Figure 6 I use chains & in the heating
chamber or stove a for obtaining crystals of ammonia and other like
materials. The said chains are suspended from troughs 2ª over the
settling pan p. The liquid from which the crystals are to be obtained is
fed into the trough ¹, and trickles down these chains, and the crystals
are deposited on the same. The said troughs and chains are suspended
by the chain 2³, which passes over the pulley ³, and is provided with a 1
balance weight at its outer end. When the chains & are covered with
the crystals they are let down into the pan p, and the crystals are easily
detached and deposited in the said pans.
In the modification of my Invention illustrated in Figure 7, which is
more especially intended for the evaporation and purification of oils, the a
chamber a is formed of plate iron with an exterior jacket packed with
sand or other suitable non-conducting material. The said chamber with
the furnace and other parts is mounted on wheels A, and is provided
with a fan B. A pipe C extends from the top of the chamber a to an
iron pot or vessel D, in which I place the oil or other liquid to be a
purified. This vessel is supported by brickwork or in any other con-
venient manner. The fan when in action forces air through the heater
or stove a into and through the liquid in the pot D, thereby causing the
desired evaporation. One of the said heaters mounted on wheels, as
described, will serve for a number of evaporating pots or vessels, and
may be readily connected and disconnected and moved from one to the
other of the said vessels.
Having thus fully described my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I claim,—
First. The apparatus shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, consisting of the drying 8
chamber or stove enclosing the wheel or drum, which is arranged in
combination with the furnace and flues or passages, and with feed rolls

page_text: and discharging devices, as herein set forth and for the purposes
specified.
Second. The apparatus, as shewn in Figures 4 and 5, consisting of the
chamber or stove enclosing the series of trays or pans which are provided
3 with means for adjustment, and are arranged in combination with a
furnace or heater and with the flues or passages and dampers, as herein
set forth and for the purposes specified.
Third. The modification of the above apparatus, wherein the chains
are substituted for the said pans or trays within the stove or chamber,
as herein set forth and for the purpose specified.
Fourth. The modification of the said apparatus, wherein it is mounted
on wheels and adapted for connection with an evaporating vessel, as
herein set forth and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Perry, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
HY. JA. NOONE.
A. PERRY. (L.S.)