Improvements in Automotor Carriages.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 15th May, 1896
Improvements in Automotor Carriages.
I, EUGENE FESSARD, of 21 Boulevard Poissonnière, Paris, in the Republic of
France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The improvements which form the subject of the present invention relate to
automotor carriages; they relate more especially to the application, to these
carriages, of mineral-oil engines forming the subject of my Patent of the
16th November 1895 No. 21574, and to the mechanism designed for starting for
chauging the speed, and for changing the motion.
movement of the motor.
According to my invention the mineral-oil motor hereinbefore referred to is
arranged horizontally in the longitudinal direction of the carriage, and by its side
is a box enclosing the mechanism for changing the speed and for changing the
motion, and also the differential mechanism. Upon the shaft of the motor is
provided any engaging and disengaging device for transmitting or annihilating the
This movement may be transmitted to a first shaft which
communicates it directly or indirectly, according to the direction of the motion
and by means of a lever, to a second shaft upon which are three differential pinions.
A third shaft arranged parallel to the second, receives a group of three connected
differential wheels, one of which may be placed in front of the pinion which
corresponds to it by sliding the said group of wheels upon its shaft through the
intervention of an operating lever which is no other than the starting lever. This
third shaft transmits the more or less accelerated movement which it receives to
the driving axle of the carriage by means of chains passing round pinions and
wheels respectively fixed upon the said third shaft and upon the driving axle of
the carriage; it is made in two independent parts, and between these parts and the
group of connected differential wheels is the well-known differential mechanism
having for its object the independence of the two driving wheels.
From the foregoing it will be seen that the feature consists in that the motor
forming the subject of the before-mentioned English patent, is placed horizontally
in the longitudinal direction of the carriage contrary to other motors which are
generally arranged transversely or vertically; it also consists in that all the
transmissions take place exclusively by spur wheels, and that bevel wheels are
completely dispensed with, and in that the differential mechanism is combined with
differential wheels for changing the speed.
Another part of the invention consists in the arrangement of the lever for the
starting and for the change of speed. This lever, besides the angular movement
which it can make in order to act upon the sleeve of the group of differential
wheels, possesses a button controlled by a spring and connected by a cord to the
conpling sleeve of the shaft of the motor and combined with the pawl rendering
the operating lever immovable in one or the other of the positions which is
assigned to it.
When under these circumstances the speed is to be changed the first effect of
the released lever is to liberate the button which it possesses in order to uncouple
the motor, then to change the speed; I set the same in motion again immediately
afterwards by pressing upon the button of the lever which is again engaged by the

page_text: stop pawl. These various operations are effected as it were simultaneously and
properly speaking there is no stoppage of the motor.
For changing the motion I set in action an intermediate shaft placed between
the aforesaid first and second shafts in such a manner that the transmission may be
direct or indirect, as hereinbefore set forth. The foregoing arrangements are
applied to automotor carriages of any sizes and of any power and also to velocipedes
(tricycles or quadricycles).
Dated this 15th day of May 1896.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
I, EUGENE FESSARD, of 21 Boulevard Poissonnière, Paris, in the Republic of
France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in auto-motor carriages and has reference
more especially to the use in such carriages, of that type of mineral-oil motor
which is described in my Patent of the 13th November 1895, No. 21574, and
to devices for starting the motor, for changing its speed and for reversing its
motion.
And in order that my invention may be readily understood 1 will proceed to
describe the same fully with reference to the accompanying drawings in which :-
Figure 1 is a side elevation, and
Figure 2 is a plan of a motor carriage provided with my improvements certain
parts being removed to show the internal arrangements more clearly.
Figures 3 and 4 represent to a larger scale in vertical section and side elevation
respectively, the means employed to obtain the changes of speed and the reversal
of motion.
A is the motor which is located horizontally in the longitudinal direction of the
vehicle, and is so placed that its shaft a is parallel to the axles of the vehicle.
The construction of the motor forms as stated the subject matter of my Patent
No. 21574 of 1895.
B is the reservoir for the mineral oil, which reservoir is placed in communication
with the carburetter a¹ by a tube b. C is a mineral oil vessel which serves for
feeding the burners of the motor.
D is a reservoir in which the water for cooling the cylinder is contained. The
circulation of this water is ensured by a rotary pump d driven from the motor as
indicated at d¹.
The action of the governor a2 situated in the fly wheel a³ can be regulated by a
lever a, operated by a cord or the like a wound over a pulley a°, the shaft a of
which can be rotated by the conductor.
The motor shaft a is connected to a system of gearing arranged in a box or
casing E in such a manner that all its shafts, are parallel to the axles of the
carriage.
The shaft a actuates the shaft bearing or sleeve G through the medium of a
suitable clutch F, such as that termed a Brancher clutch and consisting of two
parts (see Fig. 3) round the inner of which is coiled a flat spring m* attached to a
loose collar 1. This clutch is actuated by the application to the collar f1 (see
Figures 1 and 2) of a brake lever f whereby the motion of the collar cau be

page_text: restrained and consequently the coils of the spring m* are caused to expand
somewhat and grip the outer part of the clutch. The brake leverf is acted upon
by a spring tending to move it away from the collar, in which position the
motor is thrown out of gear. The engagement between fand f¹ is effected by the
aid of a cord f³ passing over a pulley f, actuated by the conductor. The shaft of
this pulley carries a ratchet wheel and pawl f, arranged to maintain it in the
position for effecting the engagement.
Upon the sleeve G is arranged a gear wheel 9 which can be shifted laterally,
whilst however remaining in rotary connection with the sleeve. Upon another
shaft rotate two pinions ; the pinion occupies an invariable position and
the pinion can be shifted upon the shaft H, but rotates in unison with the
pinion g.
Upon a shaft I three pinions i, i, are mounted and a system of three other
pinions i, is combined with a differential motion K arranged centrally of these
pinions and with a shaft k and sleeve k. These paris k k can respectively be
displaced relatively to a sleeve and a shaft which rotate with them. The
parts carry the pinions r r actuating the driving wheels R R of the vehicle
through the medium of chains.
As the shaft I is uniformly rotated, this rotary motion is transmitted to the
sleeve and shaft and consequently to the wheels R R according to the position
which the set of pinions jjj occupies relatively to the set of pinions iii.
The rotation of the shaft I takes place either in one or in the other direction
according to the manner in which the gearing connected with it has been
operated.
When the gear wheel 9 engages with the wheel i, the shaft I and the whole
system of pinions i turn in such manner as to move the vehicle in one
direction; the parts being usually so arranged that this corresponds to the forward
movement of the carriage.
When however the gear wheel g engages with the wheel h, the wheel h¹ will then
engage with the wheel and the motion imparted to the shaft I will be in the
opposite direction to that in the preceding case and the vehicle will move in
rearward direction.
The shifting of the wheels g and upon their respective shafts G and H is
effected by the aid of a lever, such as a compound lever M, or system of levers,
pivotted at m and capable of moving the wheels g and ', by the aid of forks and
collars embracing the rings gl h² connected to the said wheels. The free end of
the lever M is connected to a rod m¹ which extends projecting from the box E and
is actuated by the conductor by the aid of a cord or the like m².
A spring tends to maintain the lever M in the position corresponding to the
forward motion, so that the said lever need only be operated upon when the
rearward motion is required which does not occur frequently.
As regards the shifting of the set of pinions jjj, this is effected by the aid of a
collar, mounted on the axle l', and a system of levers 1, which are operated by a
bar pivoted at 1 and actuated by the conductor. Three different positions may
be imparted to this bar, corresponding to three different speeds. In the interior of
the handle of this bar, a rod button or the like , is located which projects
outwardly. By exerting a pressure upon this rod, motion is transmitted through a
cord 1, passing over suitably arranged pulleys, is to a pawl which disengages the
ratchet wheel 5 and thus effects through the clutch F the disengagement of the
motor at the moment when the speed is being changed.
In front of the conductor are arranged two pedals N O. By placing the foot
upon the pedal N a braking effect is produced upon the motor by the aid of a band
or cord brake n¹ acting upon the shafts and one end of the hand or cord being
fixed to some convenient part of the frame. The pedal O likewise acts through
the medium of a string or rope o upon another brake o' mounted upon the driving
wheels R R. The pedal N moreover controls the disengagement of the motor
through the medium of a string n² acting upon the ratchet wheel ƒ³.

page_text: The steering of the vehicle is effected by using a well known device termed the
"broken axle arrangement." The steering wheels P P are pivoted in pp and
their direction of motion is obtained by the aid of a system of levers and rods q and
of a steering bar Q.
It is evident from the preceding that the motor forming the subject of the
patent hereinbefore referred to, is located horizontally in the longitudinal direction
of the vehicle contrary to other motors which are generally arranged transversely
or vertically, and that all transmission takes place ordinary gear wheels, to the
entire exclusion of conical wheels, whereby a large amount of power is saved.
The foregoing arrangements may be employed in combination with motors other
than that referred to if their arrangement is such as to permit this, without
departing from the spirit of my invention. Moreover I have represented in
combination with the motor and with the mechanism for reversing the motion, an
engaging and disengaging device known as the "Brancher," but this latter device
may evidently be replaced by any other suitable system.
All of the described devices are applicable to auto-motor-carriages of any size
and power, also to tricycles or quadricycles, and other velocipedes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In an auto-motor carriage the combination, with a motor arranged horizontally
in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, of a box or casing enclosing the
gearing for changing the speed and reversing the motion, and the differential gear,
the motor being connected to such gearing by a suitable clutch substantially as
herein before described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
2. In an automotor carriage, the arrangement of parts constituting the gear for
reversing the motion, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
3. The combination with the arrangement set forth in the preceding claim, of
means for disengaging the motor at the time when the speed is being changed,
substantially as herein before described with reference to the accompanying
drawing.
4. My improvements in automotor carriages substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
DT
1007
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.