Improvements in and connected with Window Sashes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Feb., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Nov., 1894-Accepted, 22nd Dec., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Window Sashes.
I, METHUSELAH BROOKS of Billington, Whalley, in the County of Lancaster,
Artist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention is designed to dispense with sash cords, counterpoise weights and
pulleys, and the sashes are so arranged as to be readily cleaned from the inside, or
removable altogether when required, so that there is no occasion to resort to the
dangerous practice of sitting or standing on the window-sill.
In carrying out my invention, I provide the top sash with two studs projecting
one on each side from the lower portion of the stiles or vertical rails of the sash, or
in substitution of the studs a rod or axle may penetrate the bottom rail of the sash.
The stud or axle on one side of the sash is introduced into a socket let into the
window casing, whilst the sash is got into position by pushing the stud fixed on its
opposite side through a transverse slot made in the window casing, leading into a
brass socket. The slot is then blocked up by a T piece or the like, the horizontal
portion of which is screwed to the window casing.
The top sash thus swings on this axis near the bottom rail. A ball and
socket joint may in some cases be used in preference to the slot and socket
described.
In the side of the window casing on one or both sides of the sash is a falling
rack, which swings on a stud fixed to the casing. When the sash is opened, the
rack is thrown out by a catch or projection on the sash, which accordingly engages
with the first tooth on the rack. The window if desired may be lowered further to
any extent by aid of the usual hooked staff, or like means, which brings the catch
or projection into any of the succeeding teeth of the rack.
The bottom sash may fall inwards exactly like that described, by swinging on
loose joint hinges secured to its bottom rail and the window casing respectively,
thereby permitting of this sash also to be removable when required.
The method of lowering this sash and adjusting it to any degree of inclination
may also be identical with that already described.
The top rail of the bottom sash preferably comes flat against the bottom rail of
the top sash when the window is shut, the lower sash being fastened by sliding bolts
or the like on each side.
The top sash may be fastened to the casement by the usual spring latch or
fastener, provided with a ring, peculiar to this class of window fastener, by which
it is opened by a hook staff or like means.
To render the sash perfectly water tight and prevent any possibility of dust or
air penetrating into the building, the sashes and the flange rails of the window
casing are respectively tongued and grooved all round the entire window.
Dated this 21st day of February 1894.
F. RICHMOND,
79, St. James Street, Burnley, Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: h
Improvements in and connected with Window Sashes.
I, METHUSELAH BROOKS, of Billington, Whalley, in the County of Lancaster,
Artist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
. This invention is designed to dispense with sash cords, counterpoise weights and
pulleys, and the sashes are so arranged as to be readily cleaned from the inside, or
removable altogether when required, so that there is no occasion to resort to the
dangerous practice of sitting or standing on the window sill.
In carrying out my invention, I provide the top sash with two studs projecting
one on each side from the lower portion of the stiles or vertical rails of the sash or
in substitution of the studs a rod or axle may penetrate the bottom rail of the sash.
The stud or axle on one side of the sash is introduced into a socket let into the
window casing, whilst the sash is got into position by pushing the stud fixed on its
opposite side through a transverse slot made in the window casing, leading into a
brass socket. The slot is then blocked up by a T piece or the like, the horizontal
portion of which is screwed to the window casing.
The top sash thus swings on this axis near the bottom rail. A ball and
socket joint may in some cases be used in preference to the slot and socket
described.
In the side of the window casing on one or both sides of the sash is a falling
rack, which swings on a stud fixed to the casing. When the sash is opened, the
rack is thrown out by a catch or projection on the sash, which accordingly engages
with the first tooth on the rack. The window if desired may be lowered further
to any extent by aid of the usual hooked staff or like means, which brings the
catch or projection into any of the succeeding teeth of the rack.
The bottom sash may fall inwards exactly like that described by swinging on
loose joint hinges secured to its bottom rail and the window casing respectively,
thereby permitting of this sash also to be removable when required.
The method of lowering the sash and adjusting it to any degree of inclination.
may also be identical with that already described.
The top rail of the bottom sash preferably comes flat against the bottom rail of
the top sash when the window is shut, the lower sash being fastened by sliding bolts
or the like on each side.
The top sash may be fastened to the casement by the usual spring latch or
fastener, provided with a ring peculiar to this class of window fastener, by which it'
is opened by a hook staff or like means.
To render the sash perfectly water-tight and prevent any possibility of dust or
air penetrating into the building, the sashes and the flange rails of the window
casing are respectively tongued and grooved all round the entire window.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a front and Fig. 2 a side elevation of a window sash and frame
constructed in accordance with my invention.
.
Referring to Fig. 1, the stiles of the sashes A are provided at their lower
extremities with two studs B, which are fixed to such stiles by screws or the like.
These studs are let into holes in the window frame, or in a removable filling piece C,
and upon these studs the sashes swing as upon an axis.
The sashes are opened and closed by falling racks E, which fit into grooves F
formed in the frame, and between it and the sash. The racks are formed with
slots G provided with rack teeth H, and in this slot G slides projecting lug or
catch piece I, which is secured to the sash by screws.
When the slide rack E is raised, the projecting lug or catch piece I slides along

page_text: slot G and thereby throws out the sash, until such lug or catch I, falling bodily
with the sash, enters the first tooth of the rack, in which position it is retained
until further lowered by allowing the projection or lug fixed to the vertical stile of
the sash to enter the next tooth of the rack. The sash may be further lowered
until the lug or catch piece reaches the bottom of slot G. There is sufficient
play in the falling or slide rack E in this position to permit of it being removed
free of catch piece I, so that the catch is entirely free from the rack, and the sash
falls in an horizontal position-being supported by its pivots or studs B on the
meeting rail of the bottom sash-where the outside of the window may be readily
cleaned from the inside.
•
The two sashes are preferably fastened in the following peculiar and novel
manner, although bolts or other well known methods of fastening may if desired be
employed:
:-
The extreme or free end of the slide rack is cast with a ledge or projection J at
right angles provided with a knob K to raise the rack and formed with a slot L.
Thumb screw M firmly tightens the racks to the frame thus fastening them and the
Bashes, and consequently, the projection or catch piece I being forced upwards, the
meeting rails N of the sashes are brought tightly together, securing immunity from
draughts, dust and rain, and rendering the sashes burglar proof.
To prevent any possibility of the sashes falling suddenly from top to bottom of
slide rack, when the latter is raised in the manner already described, I provide
such rack with an additional tooth O, into which catch-piece I will engage, if it be
accidentally allowed to leave the rack teeth and to suddenly fall. It may happen
also that a severe gust of wind entering the room may close the windows which
have been left partially open. To prevent this, I provide catch-piece I with a
thumb-bit P, and when required it may be employed to tighten the catch piece and
slide rack together and securely hold them. The rack teeth may even be
dispensed with, and the thumb screw P used to retain the window in any desired
position.
The sashes and the window frame are preferably rabbitted or tongued and grooved
throughout their length to check the entrance of dust, draft and rain. The
meeting rails are shewn in Fig. 2 as being rabbitted, whilst the horizontal rail of
the bottom sash is rabitted, and provided with a groove Q which forms a drip
ledge for the rain. I preferably construct the window frame with a double sunk
sill R to further make the window weather proof.
As a ready means of removing the sashes, the lower sash is pivotted on loose
joint hinges S, so that when lowered to its extreme horizontal position, it may be
drawn on one side out of the hinge joints, and removed altogether.
The above window as previously stated is extremely simple and efficient in all its
workings and when closed has just the same appearance as an ordinary window. The
top and bottom sashes open and work inwardly and automatically to the first tooth
of the sliding rack, and when closed, the sashes are fastened by the same, which
brings them tightly together and thereby prevents the rattling, which becomes such
a nuisance in our homes, while it holds them as if in one piece, making them at
once draft, dust and water tight. It is very simple in construction, and can be very
easily worked and applied, even to existing windows in a short time at little cost,
and will not get out of order; it also cannot be unfastened from the outside,
without breaking a window pane, and this makes it burglar proof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improved arrangement and construction of sash and sash frame,
substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.
2. The improved slide or falling racks E and catch pieces I for opening or
closing the sashes, and maintaining them in any desired position substantially as
shewn and described.

page_text: 3. In combination with my improved sashes and window frame, the method of
fastening the racks, and consequently the sashes, consisting of thumb screw M,
ledge or projection J and slot L.
4. The improved arrangement and combination of the parts of window sashes
and frames substantially as described and illustrated.
5. The method of pivotting and hinging the sashes-both top and bottom-to
permit of their ready removal, substantially as shewn and described.
Dated this 20th day of November 1894.
F. RICHMOND,
12, Standish Street, Burnley, Agent for the Applicant.