Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd May, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Feb., 1900-Accepted, 31st Mar.; 1900
I, JULES GERNAERT, of 13, Rue Ducale, Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention has for its object the production of any shade of veined artifi-
cial marble by a regulated fusion either of a single material, or of several
materials brought, together suddenly or gradually or even by the conjunction of
several substances in fusion, and the whole of course in proportions suitable to
the kind of final product to be obtained.
By insisting on a suitable regulation or arrangement of the fusion for each
of the substances which enter into such castings of veined marble as a means of
producing this improved product 1 may introduce as desired both in the process
and-the product itself variations from the process already known which consists
in obtaining by casting, not marble, that is to say veined products, but simply
products of uniform tint, more particularly white and black which are obtained
by fusion without any regulated arrangement, that is to say, by a treatment in
a furnace for a sufficient length of time to obtain a fluidification to the same
degree, in other words complete, of all the elements of corresponding composi-
tion, with the effect of obtaining an absolutely homogeneous mixture as regards
uniformity of tint, which ordinary fluidification is further assisted by an ener-
getic, agitation in order to remove any traces of irregularities which usually
present themselves in the form of spots or stains.
For the casting of veined marble on the contrary I regulate the duration
of the presence of the various substances in the furnace in such a way that their
state of reduction or fluidification is incomplete whilst sufficient for the casting
when a mixture with a single coloring material is operated on, or is complete
for some and incomplete for others when it is a question. of several substances
entering into the mass, such condition being realized by causing the substances
to enter suddenly into the mixture when they have different degrees of. fusibility
for a given. time of maintenance of the whole in the furnace, or by introducing
one or more at the commencement of the operation and then introducing the
substance or substances remaining at a more advanced period of the operation.
in such a way that they remain in the furnace a shorter time than the other,
in order to be brought into the desired condition of reduction or decomposition
in the whole or final product; or finally they may each be brought separately
to the desired degree of fusion or decomposition in order then to be mixed with
the mass in its already fluid condition.
Thus for instance by fusing a foundation composition containing bichromate
of potash, and by withdrawing it from the furnace after a certain time, or in
other words, when the bichromate of potash has reached a certain degree of
reduction or decomposition, a beautiful green veined marble is obtained upon
casting.

page_text: In the same order of working a beautiful deep brown veined marble may be
obtained by the following formula
Sand
Carbonate of soda
Lime
Oxide of copper
Iron filings
35%
54%
6%
2%
3%
By modifying the nature of the iron introduced, whether as oxide, scale, fil-
ings, waste from dressing or rolling, and by conducting the operation accord-
ingly, marbles of very different shades of brown are obtained.
.
In order to make white veined marble, a mixture of sand, carbonate of soda
and opaline is brought into a complete state of fusion and one or two ladles full
of a mixture of other substances also in fusion are introduced therein. The
mixture of these two substances in fusion must be made at a precise moment of
the operation so as to obtain a uniform distribution of the veins and avoid the
production of a uniform tint resulting from a badly arranged conjunction.
By reason of the different degrees of fusibility of the substances mixed together
and of a suitable regulation or order in their respective fusion one into another,
not only is the veining produced in the whole mass and distributed through the
whole thickness of the articles made, but also the veins present the peculiar
rubbed or blended. characteristic of natural marble.
It will be seen from the formulas which have been herein before indicated
merely as examples and which may of course be varied at will in many ways, if
the fusions are well regulated with a view to obtaining veining, that it is vitrifi-
able substances which are most suitable for casting veined marbles and enabling
them to be finished by being treated like ordinary cast mirrors or plate glass;
that is to say, in order to make decorative covering plates or the like, of any
dimensions they are cast on roller tables, where they are rolled and in a word,
treated like ordinary cast plate glass of any thickness. They are then re-heated
in the piece and finally passed on to the smoothing grinding and polishing which
form them into polished marbles of the greatest beauty and of absolute unchange-
ability, that is to say they need never be repolished by reason of their vitreous
nature under whatever condition they may be. placed.
It may be pointed out that the agitation during fusion like the compression
during casting is conducted with a view to obtaining the most successful veining.
Dated this 2nd day of May 1899.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial or Cast Marble.
I, Jules Gernaert, of 13, Rue Ducale, Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
-

page_text: the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
1
This invention has for its object the production of any shade of veined artifi-
cial marble by a regulated fusion either of a single material, or of several
materials brought together suddenly or gradually or even by the conjunction of
several substances in fusion, and the whole of course in proportions suitable to
the kind of final product to be obtained.
By insisting on a suitable regulation or arrangement of the fusion for each
of the substances which enter in such castings of veined marble as a means of
producing this improved product I may introduce as desired both in the process
and the product itself variations from the process already known which consists
in obtaining by casting, not marble, that is to say, veined products, but simply
products of uniform tint, more particularly white and black which are obtained
by fusion without any regulated arrangement, that is to say, by a treatment in
a furnace for a sufficient length of time to obtain a fluidification to the same
degree, in- other words complete, of all the elements of corresponding composi-
tion, with the effect of obtaining an absolutely homogeneous mixture as regards
uniformity of tint, which ordinary fluidification is further assisted by an ener-
getic agitation in order to remove any traces of irregularities which usually
present themselves in the form of spots or stains.
For the casting of veined marble on the contrary I regulate the duration
of the presence of the various substances in the furnace in such a way that their
state of reduction or fluidification is incomplete whilst sufficient for the casting
when a mixture with a single coloring material is operated on, or is complete
for some and incomplete for others when it is a question of several substances
entering into the mass, such condition being realized by causing the substances
to enter suddenly into the mixture when they have different degrees of fusibility
for a given time of maintenance of the whole in the furnace, or by introducing
one or more at the commencement of the operation and then introducing the
substance or substances remaining at a more advanced period of the operation
in such a way that they remain in the furnace a shorter time than the other,
in order to be brought into the desired condition of reduction or decomposition
in the whole or final product; or finally they may each be brought separately
to the desired degree of fusion or decomposition in order then to be mixed with
the mass in its already fluid condition.
Thus for instance by fusing a foundation composition containing bichromate
of potash, and by withdrawing it from the furnace after a certain time, or in
other words, when the bichromate of potash has reached a certain degree of
reduction or decomposition, a beautiful green veined marble is obtained upon
casting.
For instance the following mixture maintained in the furnace until com
plete fluidification of the sand produces a green marble veined with green

page_text: By modifying the nature of the iron introduced, whether as oxide, scale, fil-
ings, waste from dressing or rolling, and by conducting the operation accord-
ingly, marbles of very different shades of brown are obtained.
In order to make white veined marble, a mixture of sand, 52% carbonate of
soda 20% and opaline 24% is brought into a complete state' of fusion and one.
or two ladles full. of a colouring mixture of the substances hereinafter named
also in fusion are suddenly introduced therein. The mixture of these two sub-
stances in fusion must be made at a precise moment of the operation so as to
obtain a uniform distribution of the veins and avoid the production of a uniform
tint resulting from a badly arranged conjunction. The substances employed
are preferably oxide of lead for forming red veins & black glass for black veins
in white marble.
12.
By reason of the different degrees of fusibility of the substances mixed together
and of a suitable regulation or order in their respective fusion one into another,
not only is the veining produced in the whole mass and distributed through the
whole thickness of the articles made, but also the veins present the peculiar
rubbed or blended characteristic of natural marble.
It will be seen from the formulas which have been herein before indicated
merely as examples and which may of course be_varied at will in many ways, if
the fusions are well regulated with a view to obtaining veining, that it is vitrifi-
able substances which are most suitable for casting veined marbles and enabling
them to be finished by being treated like ordinary cast mirrors or plate glass;
that is to say, in order to make decorative covering plates or the like, of any
dimensions, they are cast on roller tables, where they are rolled and in a word,
treated like ordinary cast plate glass of any thickness. They are then re-heated
in the piece and finally subjected to the smoothing, grinding and polishing pro-
cesses which form them into polished marbles of the greatest beauty and of
absolute unchangeability, that is to say, they need never be repolished by reason
of their vitreous nature under whatever condition they may be placed.
It may be pointed out that the agitation during fusion like the compression
during casting is conducted with a view to obtaining the most successful veining.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
The manufacture of artificial veined marbles, characterized by the veining
being obtained during the casting by means of any suitable substances either
alone or in combination in a solid or fluid condition by means of a suitable
regulation of the fusion as regards the degrees of fluidity of the substances
brought together, substantially as herein before set forth.
Dated thin and day of WahruY 1900
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.