Invention of DRAINAGE, AND THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS NECESSARY FOR THE SAME, WHEREBY THE SEWAGE MANURE IS COLLECTED AND CONVENIENTLY EXPORTED FOR USE, AND THE NOXIOUS EFFLUVIA PREVENTED FROM CONTAMINATING THE AIR OF POPULOUS CITIES AND TOWNS, AND WHEREBY THE DRAINS MAY BE MORE STRONGLY AND SECURELY BUILT BY THE MANUFACTURE OF A MORE SUITABLE AND RETTER MATERIAL
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward. Jones, Gentleman, of Olive House, No. 20,
Parish of St. Pancras, and
EFFECTING A BETTER SYSTEM OF
Camden Cottages, amden Town, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
DRAINAGE, AND THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS NECESSARY FOR THE SAME,
WHEREBY THE SEWAGE MANURE IS COLLECTED AND CONVENIENTLY EXPORTED FOR
USE, AND THE NOXIOUS EFFLUVIA PREVENTED FROM CONTAMINATING THE AIR
OF POPULOUS CITIES AND TOWNS, AND WHEREBY THE DRAINS MAY BE MORE
STRONGLY AND SECURELY BUILT BY THE MANUFACTURE OF A MORE SUITABLE
AND RETTER MATERIAL"
ealed the 25tli January 1859, and dated the 26th July 1858
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
July 1858:
I, EDWARD JONES, Gentleman, of Olive House, No. 20, Camden Cottages,
Canden Town, in the Parish of St. Pancras, and County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "EFFECTING A BETTER
SYSTEM OF DRAINAGE, AND THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS NECESSARY FOR THE
SAME, WHEREBY THE SEWAGE MANURE IS COLLECTED AND CONVENIENTLY EXPORTED
FOR USE, AND THE NOXIOUS EFFLUVIA PREVENTED FROM CONTAMINATING THE AIR OF
POPULOUS CITIES & TOWNS, AND WHEREBY THE DRAINS MAY BE MORE STRONGLY
AND SECURELY BUILT BY THE MANUFACTURE OF A MORE SUITABLE & BETTER
MATERIAL," to be as follows, and set forth in the Drawings A, B, C.
A is a longitudinal and transverse section of two main drains at the junction
of two streets, with grateing and man-hole; B is a transverse and horizontal
Price 8d1

page_text: section of a drain, shewing improved socket blocks or bricks in its
structure, the commencement of each drain with the grateing, No. 4 being
made wider to make up for the diminished water-way by the grateing. The
Figures in each refer to the same parts, giving different views.
Fig. 1 is a portable cistern made of plate iron, wood, or other suitable
material, to be lifted out for emptying, by means of hooks & chains, or
cords, as seen in Fig. 2. This cistern, combined with the curved plate,
No. 5, as a covering to the drain apperture, & the lower edge diping into
water (the other side & ends being set in cement) will constitute a perfect
trap, so as to prevent the effluvia or noxious vapours ascending through the
grateing of the streets, the cistern being always kept full by the waste
waters from the sink of an adjoining house, being conducted to it by a small
pipe. This cistern will also serve the important purpose of receiving all the
debris of the streets, and prevent the gravel and stones from descending
into the sewers. The street scavenger will empty this cistern by lifting it
out wholesale by the apparatus, as explained in Fig. 2 (before the saine
becomes too full), or by any other mechanical means.
Fig. 2 is a similar cistern to be placed serially according to the dimentions
of the drains, at the corners of the strees, or near large entrance grateings,
and so set within enclosed brick walls that the upper edges shall be upon a
level with the bottom of the drain, for the purpose of catching the sewage
manure, which will be checked in its onward progress by the grateing No. 4,
aud precipitated into the cistern, which, when full, will have to be removed
and replaced by an empty one. Each cistern will be covered by a lid, and
screwed titely down upon the removal of it with its contents, of from half a
ton to a ton weight. The removal of it will be effected by the aid of a
portable crane for lifting it from the sewer on the cariage, to be conveyed to
any railway station by night, or outpost of the town convenient for farmers.
That the removal may be effected free of smell to the streets, the com-
munication with the sewers will be cut off before the man-hole entrance is
opened. To this end, Fig. 3 are plates made so as to be lowered by means of
a screw working in the side of the frame of trap-door, as seen at a, the
small door being sufficiently wide to admit an opening for a man's arm to
enter, for the purpose of pining the screw to the framework of the plates to be
lowered, which may be let down by means of the screws working as in a vice,
either singly or altogather. The lower ends of the plates or sewer flood-gates
being formed to a cutting edge, so that in their descent they will cut through
the sewage and acumulated weeds or rubbish in front of the grating, which
will act as a filter to purify the water; but, when so seperated, will cause it to

page_text: fall into the cistern to be removed therwith. In the event of the water being
inconveniently high, a small hand pump conveniently fixed to the side will
reduce the water to a proper level, & any liquid sewage which may stand
above the cistern, which can be effected (so soon as the flood-gates are down)}
and the same made to pass away through a small hole in one of theis gates
with a door to it. The flood-gate that arrest the water in its course should be
tolerably water-tite, the others would not be so particular in their fittings.
Upon reopening the flood-gate,an important object will be gained by the rush
of water from that part, clensing the sewer of any stopage or acumulations,
and prevent danger from explosive gasses by creating a circulation, and
causing fresh air to rush in.
Figure 4 of letter B showes a front elevation & section of the grate 4.
fixed at the wide mouth of the sewer. The horizontal section of which shows
also the improved socket bricks, and the structure of the sewer with them.
Fig. 8, 8, are loose plates made to rest upon the edge of the cistern, to shut
out the descending water & debris from the space between the cistern & the
wall surrounding , and thus prevent trouble to the men in its removal.
Fig. 9 is a horizontal section of the man-hole,showing the grooves in which
the plates or flood-gates are guided up & down. When not in use they will
be suspended from the frame of door surrounding the man-hole, which frame
is on a level with the pavement.
Fig. 10 is a new form of trap for a watercloset; a, a, coloured red, are
expanding joints made of gutta percha or other suitable elastic material;
b,b,is a leaver, the handle of which, when pulled upwards, causes a depression
of the pipe constituting the trap, from the line c of water level in the pan to d,
by which the contents are emptied into the sewer, the leaver also being
attached to the valve of the cistern will admit a fresh supply of water to
the pan.
Fig. 11 is the trap in its detached form, as made by the manufacturer, with
collars or projecting fillets, or beads, for securing the expanding joints more
firmly to the pan, and the descending pip communicating with the sewer, the
dotted line at e showing the lower end of the pan The socket pipe q must
be so set as to allow the trap to work freely from the centre joint h, which
joint or hinge may be formed with the trap & pan, or of the elastic matereal
forming the expanding joint, or of iron, with a band around the trap and pau.
Letters C & D is an improved machine for making the blocks or bricks
to be used in the construction of the sewers, by the use of which they will be
more imperveous against sewage water & noxious gasses.
A is the pug mill, with knives for grinding the clay, and au archimedian

page_text: screw for forcing out the clay. The plate b is set to any given angle to
increase or diminish the pressure of the clay through the aperture c; d is a
wire-cutting frame, which is not necessary to describe particularly, the use of
which is to cut the layer of clay passing along the endless band, which may be
set upon a gradual incline to facilitate its progress by the friction rollers e,e,e.
The frame, when brought into action, is depressed a little, when the rack at
botton comes into contact with its counterpart fixed on to the endless band,
by which it is carried onwards with the layer of clay during the act of
cutting by hand.
f is an end view of the machine for forming the lumps of clay into any
given form of block or brick; the letter D is a front view of the same
machine with the lump of clay ready to be formed; first, by the descent
of the mold 9 followed by the piston marked by the dotted lines h, h, h.
The machine is set in motion by the leavers i, j. The leaver i works the
piston or pistons, and the leaver j works the molds for delivering the bricks
or blocks upon the pallet boards, with holes for the perforaters. The
motion produced for the delivery of the blocks or bricks, &c. is as follows:-
After the pressure has been given by the action of the piston worked by
the leavers i, the cams upon the disk 1, by the revolution of the shaft in
the pugmill coming in contact with the leavers, depress or elevate the
leavers at the given time required. The first motion for delivering the block
is given to the piston by the cam m, by which it is raised from the block about
an inch, when it remains stationary for a moment or two, during which short
period the mold is set in motion by the leaver acting upon the lifting rods
nn, which lift, the mold right above the block, and so coming in contact
with the catches o, o, suspended it to the piston beam; it is then carried
upwards with the piston frame or beam, during which time the block or bricks
are slided away by a fresh block or lump of clay upon a pallet board replacing
it. Upon the descent of the piston with the mold suspended, the lower end of
the katches come in contact with the cams p, p, fixed on the back of the
guide rods a, a, by which they are forced outwards, and the mold being
liberated, makes a quick descent before the pistous come in contact with the
clay to be pressed into a block or brick. The block, as shown in the end view
of machine marked f, is made square, but it will be evident by an inspection
of the same, that the piston, plate, and pallet board being set to any angle, as
shown by the dottid lines q,q, that the block may be formed to suit any drain
of large or small dimentions. Letters r,,, r, show the blocks partly
perforated or made lighter, and by the same not passing through the block or
brick as is usually done in the manner of perferated bricks (now largely

page_text: manufactured), the blocks or brick will retain greater strength, while at the
same time the advantages of quicker drying and burning, and lightness for
exporting, will be equally gained. The blocks as they are produced may be
conveyed a short distance upon friction rollers, as seen under Fig. f. The
perforators & pistons, &c., may be covered with a suitable material, or sanded,
to prevent adhesion, such as felt, fustian, or flannel will do.
The following are the claims which I prefer, as set forth in the several
Drawings and descriptions under letters A, B, C, & D, respectively.
I. I claim the cistern, Fig. 1, for collecting the debris of the streets, and
the form of trap effected by the curved plate, and by the hinged flap 5, 5, the
one made to bed into a fillet of cement at the top & ends, the others self-
acting, and always permanent. The curved plate requiring to be removed for
emptying the debris. The edge of each is so made as to dip into the standing
waters, which will only pass away at a given level, as shown by the dotted
water line 0.
II. Claim is Fig 2, of similer form to the cistern deescrbed, but larger,
which (with the aid of the grateing, Fig. 4), is for the purpose of collecting
the sewage manure, as described, together with the manner of raising the
same by the use of the side plates, Fig. 3. The lifting apperatus and use of
the hand pump as described.
III. I claim the use of the drain trap, as described in Fig. 10 & 11,
with the expanding parts, by which action is given to empty the trap of its
contents at an instant, free of unpleasant smell.
IIII. claim the manufacture of blocks or bricks, and other articles by
the use of the machinery, as described under letters C & D. The chief
feturs of which are, the combination of the parts of the machine for com-
pression & delivery of the bricks upon pallet boards, with holes for perforating
the blocks, & the manner of dilivery the same by the action of the leavers in
rapid succession, connected with the butting apparatus & the pug mill,
togather with the mode of perforating while in the act of compression, as
described.
I also claim the combination of the horizontal pistons, with the verticle
piston t for feeding the molds & compressing the clay into the molds, in which
there is a piston with perforators, and a pallet board within the molds, through
which the perforators pass, as shewn in mold y of machine, letter E. The
bricks being delivered out of the molds fixed upon the horizontal wheel, by an
alternate motion being given to it from the pugmill shaft,and by the piston in
the old being lifted up by the lower end, with friction roller traversing an
inclined plane, or by the action of leavers.

page_text: :
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th January 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, J, EDWARD
JONES, of Olive House, No. 20, Camden Cotteges, N.W., in the Parish of
St. Pancras, and County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sexth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
.the said Edward Jones, Her special licence that I, the said Edward
Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Edward Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "EFFECTING A BETTER
SYSTEM OF DRAINAGE, AND THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS NECESSARY FOR THE
SAME, WHEREBY THE SEWAGE MANURE IS COLLECTED AND CONVENIENTLY EXPORTED
FOR USE, AND THE NOXIOUS EFFLUVIA PREVENTED FROM CONTAMINATING THE AIR OF
POPULOUS CITIES AND TOWNS, AND WHEREBY THE DRAINS MAY BE MORE STRONGLY
AND SECURELY BUILT BY THE MANUFACTURE OF A MORE SUITABLE AND BETTER
MATERIAL," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward
Jones, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
iny, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Edward Jones, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings thereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon:-
That the particulars of the said Invention, and the benefits to be derived
therefrom, may be more clearly understood and appreciated, it is necessary
to consider briefly the present state of the drainage of the metropolis, and
the acknowledged difficulties to be overcome.

page_text: Fig. 1, Sheet No. 1, is a plan of streets with air-shafts marked theron
a, a, seen in the center of the great thoroughfares of London, from which,
as well as from the hundreds of thousands of inlets, noxious vapours con-
tinually arise, from the sewers, and more particularly so in the decline of the
year, when a heavy and dense atmosphire prevails, which weighs and presses
out the deadly miasms from their hiding places. And as it is invereably
the case that the number of deaths greatly increase simultaneously with the
altered condition of the atmosphire relatively considered with the state of
the sewer gases, the inquiory may well be made as to the real cause of this
increase of mortality.
Dr. Letheby, the medical officer of health for the City, in treating of the
putrefactive decomposition of sewage observes, "In seeking to know what
part of the sewage it is which undergoes the process of decomposition, I
have assertained that it is not the liquid part which continues to ferment,
but the solid, and this keeps up the putrefactive action for months, evolving
large quantities of ammonia, sulfurated hydrogen, marsh gas, and carbonic
acid. It is the sedimentary matter, therefore, which is the chief cause of
the offensive effluvium. The Dr. again observes, This part of the enquiery
is of great importance, for very little can be done in the way of providing
a remedy for the sewage miasms untill something is definitely known of
their nature and composition; hitherto this subject has been treated emperi-
cally, and the suggestions which have been made from time to time for
ventilating the sewers and destroying the foul gases, have had no foundation
in a right knowledge of the things to be delt with. The history, therefere,
of these schemes is a history of unprofetable failures, and of no practical
value beyond that of informing us what cannot be accomplished.
We now proceed to describe the remedy which it is believed will be
found practically valuable, siniple, and effectual. Fig. 2, 2, are two man-
holes, one at each end of the street giving a longitudinal view of a branch
drain, and a section of main drain.
a, a, are the man-hole doors; a plan
is seen under Fig. 6, with a strong ring to lift the same from its place,
when the tanks are to be lifted out. The tanks are made smaller at bottom
for the more easy discharge of their contents, and in order to facilitate the
same a lose false bottom may be set therin. The grating c, c, c, consists
of a double row of bars, with a space between to receive a chamber made
of wire, into which granulated burnt brick off charcoal will be placed, as
a filtering and deodorising medium, by which means the solid sewage is
seperated and caused to lodge iu the tank; d, d, are flood-gates made to
werk up and down by rack and pinion, to which is attached a ratchet wheel

page_text: for the purpose of holding up the flood-gate at any position. These flood-gates
when down will cut off the flow of water over the tank, and shut out the
effluvia during the operation of removing the tank, which is done as follows:-
The man-hole door being lifted of, the man descends by means of the steps, he
lets down the flood-gates, and with a small hand-pump he reduces the
sewage in the tank to the proper level, where he fixes on the lid, and wedges
it down as seen at Fig. 4; e, e, e, are house drains; f, is a core with a cord
attached, passing over friction pullies for the purpose of clensing out branch
drains of small diameter, and where the fall is not sufficient to be self-
clensing, at the back of which core is seen an expanding bag or vessel made
to collaps by means of elastic bands 1, 2, 1, for pressing out disinfecting fluid;
1, is a jointed rod made of strong wire for the purpose of passing onwards
the loose cord marked i, to which the cord will be attached for the next ope-
ration. Fig. 3 is a cross section of the man-hole already described with the
tank b. The tanks containing about one ton of solid sewage to each, will
belifted out by means of a portable crane, 20 to 30 tons of which may be lifted
out in a very short time by the aid of a small portable steam engine to work
the crane, when they will be conveyed away into the country for agricultural
use, while empty tanks will replace the full ones; Fig. 5 is a new description
of gully trap combined with a tank for the purpose of removing the road drift
or gravel, and thus preventing the same from descending into the drains.
These tanks are made taper, into which a false bottom may be fixed, so that
the contents may be easily removed. The curved dip plate rests upon a
ledge or fillet, and is fastened down by the turn of the handle. When it is
thought necessary to ventilate the drains, these gully traps or dip plates may
be detached and thrown back. When the tank requires to be emptied the
plate is first lifted out. Fig. 6, is another kind of gully trap with movable
tank, the trap is formed by the movable or hinged flap, descending below
the water line k, with space left at the bottom for the water to pass under.
The tank is removed by merely lifting up the grating in this case.
In Sheet No. 2, Fig. 7, is shown the adaptation of the drain trap already
described, to 'the purposes of sinks, areas, &c., they will require no brick cess-
pool, but are fixed upon the socket pipe, being cast entire with a movable
tank, and dip plate either fixed or movable, other parts being equally adjusted;
Fig. S is a water-closet pan and trap, with expanding joints at a &b, to allow
the pipe end of the trap to descend sufficiently low by means of the leaver, so
as to empty its contents, the rod or bar attached to the handle for working
the leaver acts upon the star points of a valve or stop-cock c, by which a
supply of water enters the closet pan, the weight immediately closing the

page_text: same, when left free. The flexible joints are made of any waterproof air-
tite material, and secured to the respective parts so as to prevent the least
smell escaping.
It will be seen that this kind of improved movable trap and pan are capable
of being adapted to any kind of portable watercloset, or night commode, or
invalid chair, by simply fixing underneath a vessel to slide in air-tite grooves,
the same being so adapted with a lid to slide over it, while in the act of
being withdrawn, as hown at Fig. 9.
Having thus described the mode of dealing with the sewage matters in
the drains and waterclosets, I now proceed to describe the latter part of my
Invention, whereby the drains may be more securely & strongly constructed
by the manufacture of a better material.
Fig. 9x is a section; Fig. 10 a plan; and Fig. 11 a front view of a
compound brick machine, one part working by means of an horizontal
wheel with molds, pistons, and palets, and an incline plane underneath the
pistons for raising the bricks.
Letter a is the pugmill with knives and an archimedian screw, for forcing
out the clay to supply the molds; is the molding wheel; care pistous for
forcing the clay into the molds. Piston No. 1 wets the molds by descending
into it with a sop; No. 2 molds the bricks; aud No. 3 finishes it by giving it
a final pressure; Cx is an horizontal piston for forcing the clay into the mold
box, made to slide in grooves. The whole of the pistons are worked by cams
suitably adjusted on the disk ff. The bricks are molded on palet boards
covered with felt, and lifted out of the molds by the alternate motion of the
wheel, acted upon by teeth on the disk as seen at a. The pistons in the
molds having friction rollers, are worked by the incline plane by which the
bricks are delivered as hown at letter ex; y are lumps of clay severed by
the cutting wires as the clay passes along on the friction rollers. The
virticle molding machine i being fed with them by 2 boys, one on each side.
This virticle machine is worked by the forked leaver 1,for giving the pressure,
and by the leaver m for lifting the mold, and delivering the brick. The
operation is as follows:-The forkid leaver first gives the pressure, and then
rises an in inch or so, when it becomes stationary, and the leaver m coming in
contact with the cam on the disk ff, the molds are thereby lifted up, and
the bricks are forced out by the stationary pistons. A palet board or boards
being firs slided under to receive them when they pass on to the rollers k.
The short leaver markid n is connected with the leaver l, aud with per-
foraters which are set in motion simultaniously with the pressure given to the
clay, and immediately delivered or made to descend when the pistons rise

page_text: the first inch, and before the molds are elevated at all. The molds when fully
raised become suspended by the catch p,and are again liberated by the pistons
being elevated, the cams on the side rods come in contact with the lower
pert of the catches, by which they are relieved; Fig. 12 are large blocks
molded by the same verticle machine, by changing the molds and pistons
for constructing sewers as shown in section Fig. 13. It will be easily seen
that, by setting the pistons to any angle, wedged-formid bricks can
molded to suit auy kind of drain, be the same large or small.
Having now described the nature of my improvements, I would have it
understood, that I do not claim the several parts seperately as enumerated;
but what I desire to claim as the Invention secured to me by the Letters
Patent afforesaid is,-
First, the portable tanks for collecting the sewage and debrise of the
streets, togather with the filtering gratings and flood-gates as described,
with the mode of effecting their removal.
Second, the gully traps and tanks as described.
Third, the closet pan and trap with flexible joints and aparatus as
described for the various purposes.
Forth, the sink and area trap & tank.
Fifthly, I claim the mode of manufacturing bricks.as described, by the
combination of pistons, leavers, and perferaters, connected with the cutting
aparatus for preparing the blocks. I do not necessarily confine myself to
the precise modes herein described for effecting the objects set fort, as the
same may be varied to advantage.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Jones, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-sixth day of Jan, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
JOSEPH PORTER,
15, York Buildings, Adelphi.
EDWARD JONES. (L.S.)