Im- PROVEMENTS IN PPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, E.C., Patent Agent, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN PPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS."
- A communication from abroad by Felix Edmond Lemaire,
residing at Paris.
Sealed the 31st January 1860, and dated the 22nd August 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd August 1859.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of..
London, E.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING
FIBROUS MATERIALS," (communicated to me from abroad by Felix Edmond
Lemaire, residing at Paris,).to be as follows:-
The principal object of this Invention is to dispense with the separate
and special apparatus for spinning ordinarily employed, by adding to
the carding machine a simple apparatus (called by the Inventor a
"filcuse continue"), which is placed in front of the said machine where
the carded fibres leave it, and to which the said fibres are conducted,
instead of being wound on to a roller or into a can, or disposed of by
any other ordinary means.

page_text: In carrying out his Invention in connection with a carding machine,
the Inventor places beyond the doffer of the said machine a roller for
detaching the fleece, and a set of rollers for consolidating the fleece
into a sliver or slivers. The sliver when formed is conducted over a
support to several sets of drawing-out rollers, driven at different speeds,
as usual, and thence passes to the flyer to be wound upon the bobbin.
The bobbin spindles are driven by a band from a pulley on the axle
of the main carding cylinder, or by some other equivalent means, in
order that the velocity of the bobbins may be proportioned to that of the
carding cylinder. The rising and falling of the bobbins is effected by
means of an eccentric driven by a band from a pulley on the axis of the
doffer, such eccentric imparting an up-and-down motion to a bar, on
which the bobbins are supported. The velocity with which the bobbin
is made to rise and fall is by the foregoing or some equivalent arrange-
ment made to vary with the velocity of the doffer. Each bobbin is
covered with a paper or other like tube, on to which the spun fibres are
wound, and which tube when full may be taken off the bobbin all
ready to be placed in a shuttle fitted with a gudgeon to receive it.
Each spindle is embraced by a fork fixed to the rising and falling bar,
and serving as a guide to the spindle. The bobbin is furnished at
bottom with a pair of breaks or springs, which clasp a ring or roller
connected to the bobbin, and which may have their pressure regulated
by means of a screw, according to the tension required for warp and
weft respectively.
Although the improved spinning apparatus has been described in
connection with a carding machine, it is to be understood that the
several improvements herein-before described may be used severally or
conicintl.. in
aninning frome apart from a carding machine

page_text: third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give.
and grant unto me, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special
licence that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING
FIBROUS MATERIALS." (a communication from abroad by Felix Edmond Lemaire,
residing at Paris,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Draw-
ings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
The principal object of this Invention is to dispense with the separate
and special apparatus for spinning ordinarily employed, by adding to
the carding machine a simple apparatus (called by the Inventor a
"fileuse continue "), which is placed in front of the said machine where
the carded fibres leave it, and to which the said fibres are conducted,
instead of being wound on to a roller or into a can, or disposed of by
any other ordinary means.
In carrying out his Invention in connection with a carding machine,
the Inventor places beyond the doffer of the said machine a roller for
detaching the fleece, and a set of rollers for consolidating the fleece
into a sliver or slivers. The sliver when formed is conducted over a
support to several sets of drawing-out rollers, driven at different speeds.
as usual, and thence passes to the flyer to be wound upon the bobbin.
The bobbin spindles are driven by a band from a pulley on the axle
of the main carding cylinder, or by some other equivalent means, in

page_text: örder that the velocity of the bobbins may be proportioned to that of the
carding cylinder. The rising and falling of the bobbins are effected by
the means of an eccentric driven by a band from a pulley on the axis of the
doffer, such eccentric imparting an up-and-down motion to a bar, on
which the bobbins are supported. The velocity with which the bobbin
is made to rise and fall is by the foregoing or some equivalent arrange-
ment made to vary with the velocity of the doffer. Each bobbin is
covered with a paper or other like tube, on to which the spun fibres are
wound, and which tube, when full, may be taken off the bobbin all
ready to be placed in a shuttle fitted with a gudgeon to receive it.
Each spindle is embraced by a fork fixed to the rising and falling bar,
and serving as a guide to the spindle. The bobbin is furnished at
bottom with a pair of breaks or springs, which clasp a ring or roller
connected to the bobbin, and which may have their pressure regulated
by means of a screw, according to the tension required for warp and
weft respectively.
Although the improved spinning apparatus has been described in
connection with a carding machine, it is to be understood that the
several improvements herein-before described may be used severally or
conjointly in a spinning frame apart from a carding machine.
The accompanying Drawings illustrate the manner in which this
Invention is carried into effect.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus connected to the carding
machine; Figure 2 shows the manner in which motion is transmitted to
the various parts; and Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are views in detail
of a spindle in connection with this Invention, also showing the different
modes by which motion is communicated to the said spindle.
A, Figures 1 and 2, is the drum of a carding machine, which is
mounted on a shaft carrying a driving pulley B, Figures 1 and 2. A
strap from this pulley B communicates a rotary motion to another
pulley b, the shaft on which the latter pulley is mounted carrying a
toothed wheel C. c is a pinion gearing into the wheel C; this pinion is
about a third smaller than the wheel C, and receives motion from a
pulley D on the same shaft, which itself is driven by a strap passing
round the pulley B. This mode of transmitting the motion is made use
of in order to drive the apparatus about to be described at about a third
of the speed to that at which the foregoing has been driven. E,
Figure 1, indicates the position of the doffer in the carding machine; F
is the scouring roller; G, g, g¹, are the rubbing or burnishing rollers;

page_text: "
r, r, are guides; and I, i, indicate the positions of the drawing
cylinders, which may be grooved or not, as desired. K is a frame, on
which all the cylinders and parts in connection with the "fileuse con-
tinue are mounted. L, Figures 1 and 2, is a spindle (which is drawn
on a larger scale at Figure 3) of the ordinary frame spindle construc-
tion; it is provided with a flyer M, which turns on the spindle, and is
so adjusted that it can be removed from it when desired. N is a brake,
Figures 1, 3, and 6, which serves to keep the flyer in position; it is
mounted on a shaft O, on which it turns freely. P is a spring fitted
to the upper part of the brake, which causes the latter to press on the
flyer until the bobbin Q is filled, at which time the spring is raised by
a thumb piece, the flyer is removed, and the bobbin is taken away full,
and an empty one placed in its stead; the flyer is returned to its original
position, the brake is allowed to fall down; it fits on the end of a spindle
by means of an eye R, and the operation is repeated. The manner in
which the spindle is driven is as follows:-c¹ is a toothed wheel mounted
on a shaft S (Figures 1, 2, 3, and 7), which carries a disc T, provided
with a collar; U is a helical spring fixed to the shaft S by means of a
washer, which exerts its pressure against the collar on the disc T. A
forked lever u, Figure 9, serves to throw out of gear the plate or disc T,
and to stop the motion of the spindle. V is another disc, formed of
metal, wood, or other material, covered or not with leather, which is
fixed to the spindle by means of a pressure screw.
This disc can be
raised or lowered at will, and can be kept in frictional contact or not, as
desired, with the disc T. It will be seen, by the manner in which this
disc is fitted to the spindle, that the speed at which it rotates can be
regulated by raising or lowering the disc V. The motion of the spindle
can be altogether stopped by raising the disc V until it does not come in
contact with the disc T. A pin fixed to the shaft S prevents the
disc T from becoming too far distant from the disc V by following the
impulse of the spring U. The bobbin Qis formed of metal, wood, or
other suitable material; it is bored through the centre, in order that
the spindle may pass through it. A tube of paper or other suitable
material is placed round the spindle on which the fibres are wound, the
said tube being provided, or not, with a plate at its lower part. When
the bobbin is full, the moveable top z is raised; the tube, which is
covered with thread, is removed, and placed in the shuttle to be woven.
The bobbin is held to the spindle by a metal plate t, Figure 3, in which
two pins are inserted to prevent the bobbin from turning alone. Each

page_text: spindle is embraced by a fork x, Figures 3, 4, 5, and 8, fixed to a
support y, which guides the spindle, and to which an up-and-down
motion is imparted, as will be hereafter described. A brake is also
fixed to this fork, which acts on the bobbin in the following manner :--
The fork supports a plain glass washer v, Figure 3, serving as a stop
to the socket which carries the metal plate t. This socket carries at its
lower part a spherical roller in glass or metal, which has frictional con-
tact with the washer v. Two springs j, j', which are diametrically
opposed to one another, press against the side of the socket, which is
supported by the glass washer v. These springs are held in a support p,
Figures 3, 4, 5, and 8, which support is free to oscillate in a guide that
forms part of the fork . A screw d passes through the two springs,
which extend behind the supports p; one of the ends of this screw is
made square, as well as the whole for the spring through which it passes.
A thumb screw a, which is free to turn on the screw d, regulates the
distance at which the outer part of the springs j', j', are apart. These
springs are pivoted on the supports p, and the ends opposed to the
screw press against the roller or plate t, which is attached to the
bobbin Qby pins, as before described, and by these arrangements the
speed at which the bobbin revolves is regulated. In order to thread the
warp, a much greater torsion is required than for the drawing (traine).
For this purpose the two springs j, j', are screwed tightly together in
order to prevent the bobbin revolving; then, by means of the pulley b,
which is driven direct from the drum, and the motion of which is com-
municated to the wheel C, which is in gear with the wheel c, a speed
of 1,000 or 1,100 turns, more or less, is obtained. When the thread is
to be stretched, the pulley b is made use of, as shewn in Figure 2 by the
blue lines; the screw which holds the springs j, j', is released, and a
rotary motion of about 300 turns is obtained, that is, about a third of the
speed necessary for the warp. In fine spinning, and where little twist
is required, the size of the bobbin is constantly changing, owing to the
conical form that the bobbin assumes, which is made as the thread leaves
the flyer; this draws the bobbin at a speed equal to that at which the
flyer revolves, less the course of the thread taken up by its twist, con-
sequently the thread requires much more power to cause the bobbin to
revolve as it moves round a smali radius than when it revolves round a
large; the pressure of the break is consequently so regulated as to
render its action weak for a small diameter, and its power is allowed to
increase as the thread winds on to the bobbin, and forms for itself a

page_text: larger diameter. In order to accomplish this, the thumb screw a is
toothed or roughened, which is allowed to come into frictional contact
with the screw m, which is held by a helical spring q. The up-and-down
motion of the bobbin, which will be hereafter described, forces the
thumb-screw to rub against the leather which covers the rod m, and
this motion screws or unscrews, as the case may be, the screw d. A
difference in the torsion of the thread produces a greater or less speed
of the spindle; this can be regulated by raising and lowering the disc V
in order to throw disc V a greater or less distance from the disc T. The
up-and-down motion of the spindle, and of those parts connected to it,
is obtained by a heart-wheel cam or eccentric d', mounted on a wheel f,
which gears into the wheel c. This cam communicates a rotary motion
to a loose roller L, mounted on a shaft h, which rises horizontally, and
follows the motion imparted to it by the cam. This shaft h carries the
spindles, bobbins, brakes, and their appurtenances. As the motion of
each shaft is obtained from the shaft on which the drum of the carding
machine is mounted, the spinning of the wool or other material will
be in proportion to the quantity of material carded. Although the large
drum is shewn for driving the apparatus, it can be driven by any other
means considered more desirable, without departing from the Inven-
tion. The flyer can be held and driven at the top by means of a pulley u',
Figures 1 and 8, or by any other means of transmitting motion without
imparting an up-and-down motion to the spindle.
Sometimes the carding machines are constructed with one or several
frictional rollers. This system of spinning is applicable to both these
arrangements. If there are several friction rollers, the spindles are
arranged at different heights; if they are on one line with the rollers,
the cardings are led direct to the spindles. The arrangement given at
Figure 1 is in order to render the description of the apparatus as simple
as possible. This arrangement shows two cylinders between the flyers,
and the rollers are driven at a speed equal to the quantity of card to
be employed. The guides are placed between these cylinders and
the rollers G, g, g', which guide lead the card between the cylinders
and out opposite the eye of each flyer; by this means the size of the
spinning apparatus can be enlarged, and the number of the spindles
can be increased at will. After leaving the rollers G, g, g', the cards
pass beneath the drawing cylinders I, i, the first pair of which has a
speed imparted to them equal to the quantity of the card passing
between the said cylinders; the second pair revolves at a less rate than

page_text: the first pair, the third less than the second, and so on. In this manner
the thread is drawn more or less fine, according to the material to be
spun. By placing after the last of the cylinders the "fileuse continue,"
the desired torsion is obtained, which can be increased or diminished
by regulating the speed of the spindles, in the manner herein-before
described.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the employment of a machine in connection with the carding
engine, for spinning thread, wool, silk, and all textile or filamentous
material as it issues from the carding machine, as herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Second, the arrangement of spindles, and the mode of communicating
motion thereto, as herein-before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings.
Third, the construction of brakes for holding the flyers, and for regu-
lating the speed at which the bobbins revolve, as herein-before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth, the employment of drawing rollers for regulating the amount
of thread or other material to be spun, and for conducting it opposite
to the eye of the flyer, as herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing.
Fifth, the employment of a heart-wheel cam or eccentric in connection
with the machine, in order to produce the up-and-down motion of the
spindles, as herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of
February, One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)