IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY CHAIRS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Jobson, of Litchurch, in the County of Derby,
Ironfounder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF RAILWAY CHAIRS."
Sealed the 6th May 1856, and dated the 23rd November 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Jobson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
November 1855.
I, JOHN JOBSON, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY CHAIRS, to be as follows:-
The railway chairs in ordinary use have two jaws, one and sometimes both
of which overhang, so that the pattern cannot be drawn directly out of the
sand in which the chair is moulded. Various methods are therefore employed,
by means of cores of iron, chill plates, and other means, to overcome this
difficulty, and to mould the overhanging parts.
By my Invention, I effect the required object by constructing & sliding piece
in the jaw of the pattern, which sliding piece forms the upper portion of the
overhanging part, and is drawn back in a diagonal direction after the sand bas
been rammed round the pattern. A space or cavity is thus left, into which the
lower portion of the overhanging part of the jaw is turned back, this lower
portion being mounted upon a pin or hinge for that purpose. The sliding

page_text: piece is made to give the required motion to the hinged piece, so that by merely
drawing back the sliding piece the whole of the overhanging part of the jaw
is relieved and withdrawn from the sand into such a position that the sand
mould can be lifted at once from off the pattern. If an overhanging part is
required on the other jaw of the chair, that jaw is constructed in a similar
In order to separate the sand mould from the pattern without the
danger of injuring it, I employ a metal plate or frame having an aperture
which fits the base of the pattern of the chair. This plate is capable of being
raised by means of a cam or cams at each end, or by levers, screws, or other
mcans, so arranged and connected that the plate is raised equally and simul-
taneously at all parts. The moulding box is placed upon this plate or frame,
to which it is fitted, and the sand is rammed in. Tho sliding piece or pieces
of the pattern are then drawn back, as herein-before mentioned, and the plate
is then raised a little, by which means the sand mould is raised and detached
from the pattern. The mould being then free and out of contact with the
pattern, is lifted off. The mould of the bottom of the chair is moulded in any
of the ordinary manners, and the two moulds are placed together, forming the
perfect mould for the casting of the chair.
I am thus enabled to lift the mould off the pattern without the necessity of
turning the box over, and rapping the pattern and picking it out of the sand,
as ordinarily practised, and the operation of moulding is thus rendered simple
and expeditious. The form and arrangement of the moveable part or parts
of the pattern admit of variation, provided that they be such as to admit of
the mould being lifted off the pattern.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed a
by the said John Jobson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd May 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Joпn
JOBSON, of Litchurch, in the County of Derby, Ironfounder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 3
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for, Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Jobson, Her special licenco that I, the said John Jobson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I; the said s

page_text: John Jobson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY CHAIRS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Jobson, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Jobson, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-.
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and,
to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
The railway chairs in ordinary use have two jaws, one and sometimes both of
which overhang, so that the pattern cannot be drawn directly out of the sand,
in which the chair is moulded. Various methods are therefore employed, by.
means of cores of iron, chill plates, and other means, to overcome this difficulty,.
and to mould the overhanging parts. By my Invention, I effect the required
object by constructing a sliding piece in the jaw of the pattern, which sliding
piece forms the upper portion of the overhanging part, and is drawn back in a
diagonal direction after the sand has been rammed round the pattern. A space
or cavity is thus left, into which the lower portion of the overhanging part of
the jaw is turned back, this lower portion being mounted upon a pin or bingo
for that purpose. The sliding piece is made to give the required motion to
the hinged piece, so that by merely drawing back the sliding piece the whole
of the overhanging part of the jaw is relieved and withdrawn from the sand
into such a position that the sand mould can be lifted at once from off the
pattern. If an overhanging part is required on the other jaw of the chair,
that jaw is constructed in a similar manner. In order to separato the sand
mould from the pattern without the danger of injuring it, I employ a metal
plate or frame having an aperture which fits the base of the pattern of the
chair. This plate is capable of being raised by means of a cam or cams at
each end, or by levers, screws, or other means, so arranged and connected
that the plato is raised equally and simultaneously at all parts. The moulding
box is placed upon this plate or frame, to which it is fitted, and the sand is

page_text: rammed in. The sliding picce or pieces of the pattern are then drawn back, as.
herein before mentioned, and the plate is then raised a little, by which means:
the sand mould is raised and detached from the pattern... The mould being
then free and out of contact with the pattern, is lifted off. The mould of the
bottom of the chair is moulded in any of the ordinary. manners, and the two,
moulds are placed together, forming the perfect mould for the casting of the
chair. I am thus enabled to lift the mould off the pattern without the.
necessity of turning the box over, and rapping. the .pattern and picking it out,
of the sand, as ordinarily-practised, and. the operation of moulding is thus
rendered simple and expeditious. The form and arrangement of the moveable
part or parts of the pattern admit of variation, provided that they be such as-
to admit of the mould being lifted off the pattern.
Figuro 1, Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings, is a longitudinal section
of an apparatus for moulding railway chairs constructed. according to my
Invention. A, A, is the base of the chair: pattern, which is fixed upon a plate.
B; C is the central part of the chair; 'and D and D' are portions of one of the.
jaws, which form one piece with the parts A and C; Hand I are moveable;
pieces which complete this jaw, and F and G are moveable pieces which form
the other jaw. The base of the chair is wider than the jaws, and the move-
able pieces F and. I pass up through it. A complete pattern is thus formed,
and, by ramming sand into a moulding box placed over it, a complete mould.or
counterpart of the pattern would be produced. If, however, the box were to:
be lifted off, the overhanging parts of tho jaws would. drag out the sand and
destroy the mould. This is obviated. by removing the moveable pieces in the
following manner:-Tho-piece F is capable of sliding in an inclined guido J..
The picco G turns upon a pin at b, and has a projection at.f, which enters a
groove or recess in the adjoining face of the piece F. Thus, by. drawing down
the piece F in its guide, it is withdrawn from the mould, and at the same time,.
by catching against the stud or projection f,, it causes the piece G to turn back.
into the cavity left by the descent of the piece F.. This jaw is thus relieved
from the mould. The other. jaw is constructed in a very similar manner. The
piece H slides in a guide J, and in descending, it causes the small piece I to
turn back upon its pin into the cavity left by the .descent of the piece H..
The mould may-then be lifted off the pattern by hand, or it may first be.
separated from the pattern by means of a plate, which (fitting round the
pattern) rises up, or through which plate the pattern is made to descend, as
herein-after described. The moveable pieces may be worked by levers or
cams or excentrics, or other convenient means. The mould for the bottom of
the chair is moulded in any of the ordinary manners; and the two moulds are.

page_text: placed together, forming the perfect mould, into which the liquid metal is
poured.
Figure 2, Sheet II. of the accompanying Drawings, is a vertical section of
another apparatus for moulding railway chairs constructed according to my
Invention; Figure 3, Sheet III., is a plan of the same; Figure 4, Sheet IV.,
is a transverse section of the same. The same letters refer to similar parts in
each Figure.
A, A, is the base of the chair pattern, which is fixed upon a plate B; C is
the central part of the chair, and D and E are portions of the jaws which
form one piece with the parts A and C; F and G are moveable pieces which
complete the jaw on one side of the chair, and H and I are moveable pieces
which complete the other jaw. The base of the chair is wider than the jaws,
and the moveable picces F, G, II, I, pass up through it. A complete pattern
is thus formed, and by ramming sand into a moulding box placed over
it, a complete mould or counterpart of the pattern would be produced. If,
however, the box were to be lifted off, the overhanging parts of the jaws
would drag out the sand and destroy the mould. This is obviated by
removing the moveable pieces in the following manner:-The piece F is
capable of sliding in a long inclined guide J, and it carries a pin a, which
enters a slot in the lever K, by depressing which the piece F is drawn
down out of the pattern. The piece G forms the end of a bar G', which is
supported by and connected to two pairs of short levers 6, b, and c, c, whoso
fulcra are supported by the framing of the apparatus. The weight of the
piece G, G¹, assisted by a spring L, has a tendency to force it towards the
sliding piece F, so that when the sliding piece F is drawn down by the lever K,
the piece G and bar G¹ move in the arc of a circle into the position shewn by
the red lines. The other jaw is constructed in a similar manner. The picce H
slides in the guide J¹, and is drawn down by the slotted lever K'. The piece I
forms the end of a bar I', which is supported and controlled by the levers
, b, c, c, and forced outwards by the spring L, which also acts upon the
bar G. The lever K has an armi K³, which is connected with an equal arm K³
on the lever K by means of a connecting rod K+, only a portion of which is
shewn in Figure 2, so that by merely moving a lever M, fixed on the axis of
the lever K, the moveable picces F, G, II, I, are withdrawn, and the mould and
mould box can then be lifted off the pattern. By moving the lever M back
again the sliding pieces F, H, are pushed upwards and press the pieces G, I,
into their places, and then slide up behind them into their own places in the
pattern. d and e are pins which serve as stops to prevent the sliding pieces
from being pushed up too far. The sliding pieces F, II, may be dovetailed to

page_text: the pieces G, I, and also to the jaws D and E respectively, to ensure accurate
fitting. Figure 5, Sheet IV., is a detached view of one of the moveable
pieces I..
In lieu of lifting the mould off at once by hand, I raise it a little first by
means of a plate N, which separates the mould from the pattern, and the mould
can.then be removed by hand without danger of injury. This is effected in
the following manner:-N is a plate, in which is an aperture of the form of
the base of the chair. This plate rests upon four cams O, O, P, P', on the
shafts Q, R. These shafts are connected by two connecting rods S, S¹, con-
nected to crank pins T, T, U, U', on the cams. The connecting rod S is bent
a little to avoid the shaft R, which carries a. a lever V. By moving this lever
the plate N is raised equally and simultaneously at all parts. The plate N
carries two pins W, W, which enter the holes in the base of the chair, and
raise the sand, which is rammed into them at the same time that the rest of
the mould is raised.
Thus, the operation consists in placing a mould box over the pattorn and
ramming the sand into it, moving the lever M, and then the lever V, and then
lifting off the mould box with the mould in it. The levers M and V are then
moved back again, and another mould box placed over the pattern, and the
operation repeated. The apparatus may be so arranged that the pattern may
descend through the plate N, instead of raising the plate while the pattern is
stationary.
:
Figure 6, Sheet V., is a longitudinal section of a portion of another apparatus
constructed according to my Invention. The parts A, C, D, E, F, G, G',
H, J, J, b, c, d, and L, represent similar parts to those similarly marked in
Sheets II., III., and 1V., but the moveable parts are withdrawn by means of
handles, as herein-after described, instead of being withdrawn by levers. For
moulding a chair of tho form shewn in this Figure, the moveable piece I, shewn
in the preceding Drawings, is not required. K is a handle jointed to the sliding
picce F, and having two branches M, N. The branch M terminates in a hook
or catch, which is pressed by a spring m into a notch which retains the piece F
in its proper position. The sliding piece H is provided with a similar handle
K', with its branches M', N', and spring m¹. Figure 7 is a detached view of
the piece F; Figure 8 is an end view of the chair pattern. By pressing the
two handles towards each other the catches are released, and they may then be
drawn downwards, so as to draw the sliding pieces F and II out of the mould.
The piece G is pushed back by the spring L, and the pattern is thus relieved
from the mould, which may then be lifted off by hand, or by a moveable plate,
or otherwise. The apparatus admits of being used in various ways. Thus, tho

page_text: base of the pattern may be fixed to a plate on which the moulding box is
placed, and the sand rammed into it; the whole apparatus may then be turned
over, either by hand or by being mounted on trunnions with hooks or latches,
or other means of preventing the separation of the pattern and moulding box
during the operation of inverting them. The handles K, K', will now be
uppermost, and by pressing them together and drawing them upwards the jaws
of the pattern will be relieved from the mould. By continuing to raise the
handles the pattern may be lifted out of the mould, the sliding pieces or tho
handles being provided with stops or catches to prevent their being drawn
completely out of the pattern. This mode of separating the pattern from the
mould requires more care and skill on the part of the workman than that
herein-before described in reference to Sheets II., III, and IV.
Another mode of separating the mould from the pattern consists in inverting
them both together upon trunnions, and then bringing up a table or platform
under the moulding box. The moulding box is then unlatched or detached
from the pattern plate, and rests upon the table, which is caused to descend in
guides; or the pattern and moulding box may be made to descend in the
guides on to the table, and the pattern then rises in the guides, leaving
the moulding box on the table. By thus causing the relative motion of the
pattern and moulding box to be controlled by guides, they can be separated
without injury to the mould, and with comparatively little care or skill on the
part of the workman. The plate N, herein-before described in reference to
Sheets II., III, and IV., is also of great service in this respect.
The plate N may be made to fit the base of the pattern, or it may be simply
a frame, which serves to raise the mould box in a parallel position; in either
case the mould is raised steadily in a parallel position without striking against
the pattern.
When, however, the plate is made to fit the base of the
pattern, it has the additional advantage of supporting the edges of the sand.
mould at the same time. In lieu of making the plate raise the mould from the
pattern, the pattern may be made to descend through the plate and leave the
mould upon it.
Figure 9, Sheet VI., is a side view of another of my apparatus for moulding
railway chairs. A, A, is the base of the chair pattern; C is the central part
of the chair; G is a narrow moveable piece which turns upon a pin at b.
The remainder of this jaw consists of a sliding piece F, which slides in a
guide J, and is raised and lowered by means of a lever K. The lower end
of the piece G has a projection which enters a groove or recess in the
adjoining face of the piece F, so that when F is drawn down into the position
shewn by the red lines it catches this projection, and in descending a little.

page_text: farther it draws the piece G back into the cavity left by the descent of the
sliding picco F. This jaw is thus freed from the mould. The other jaw
consists of two sliding pieces H and E' working in the guide J', and another
moveable piece I, which is jointed to E' at i. K' is a lever, which passes
through an aperture in the lower part of the piece II, and through an
elongated aperture or slot in the lower part of the piece E', so that when the
lever is depressed the piece II is first drawn down, and afterwards the pieces
Hand E are both drawn down together. The upper end of II is sloped off,
and has a dovetail groove, into which a short dovetail on the lower end of the
picce I is loosely fitted. By means of this dovetail the piece I is made to
turn back as the piece H descends into the position shewn by the red lines,
and then all three pieces II, I, and E' descend together into the position
shewn by the blue lines, or as much lower as is necessary to enable the mould
to be removed without injury from the jaws of the pattern.
The pattern is again reinstated or rendered complete in the following
manner: The lever k is raised, and the sliding piece F is thus returned into
its proper place, and forces the piece G into its proper place. The lever K'
is pushed sideways a littlo so as to cause it to enter a notch at the side of tho
slot in the piece E¹, and the lever is then raised until the piece E' is raised
into its highest position. The lever is then shifted out of the notch and
raised into the highest position shewn in the Drawing. The sliding piece II
is thus raised into its proper position, and in rising it pushes the piece I into
its proper place. The operation of moulding can then be repeated as before.
Figure 10, Sheet VII., is a section of another of my improved apparatus.
A, A, is the base, and C is the central part of the chair pattern, as before; D
and E are portions of the two jaws forming one piece with the base A and
central part C; F and G are moveable pieces which complete one of the
jaws, and H and I are moveable pieces which complete tho other jaw. The
piece F slides in a guide J. The piece G turns upon a pin at b, and can be
moved by means of a lever G¹. These parts are withdrawn from the mould
by turning back the piece G upon the pin and then drawing down tho
piece F. The piece I is jointed at bi to a bar I', which, together with the
piece II, slides in a guide J. L is a spring attached to the piece I', which
presses the piece I towards the pieco II. is a stud or projection on tho
piece I, which is capable of entering a recess k near the top of the piece H.
These parts are withdrawn from the mould by drawing down the piece II
until the stud f enters the recess k, and the piece I is thus allowed to separate
from the mould. If necessary, the piece II may be drawn down still farther,
and it will then draw down the pieces I and I' with it. The mould may then

page_text: be lifted off or removed. The pattern is reinstated by pushing up the pieces
I and I into their highest positions, and then pushing the piece I into its
highest position. The picce F is pushed up into its proper place, and the
piece G is then moved into its proper place.
The arrangements herein-before described will explain my improvements
in the manufacture of railway chairs for the purpose of admitting of the
separation of the mould and the pattern by withdrawing the one from the
other, and it will be obvious that by such means chairs of various patterns
may be cast so as to guage accurately.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim as
of my Invention the use of separate moveable pieces for moulding the over-
hanging parts of railway chairs, various means, as chill plates, cores of iron,
divided moulds, and moulds in two parts having been suggested, except when
such moveable pieces are adapted and worked in the manner herein-before
described; and I hereby declare that I claim as the Invention, whereof the
exclusive use is intended to be secured by the said Letters Patent,-
Firstly, the manufacture of railway chairs, by causing the overhanging part
of the pattern of one or both jaws to be turned back or caused to recede into
a cavity left by the withdrawal of another sliding or moveable piece, so as to
admit of the separation of the pattern and mould, as herein-before described.
Secondly, I claim, as an improvement in the manufacture of railway chairs,
the separating the mould and the pattern by means of a plate N, acting as
herein-before described.
Thirdly, I claim the manufacture of railway chairs by causing the moveablo
pieces to bo withdrawn or turned back, and the pattern and the mould to be
separated by mechanical means, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Jobson, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
CHARLES COWPer,
20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane.
JOHN JOBSON. (L.S.).