IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, NICOLAS ROSER, of Paris, France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO STEAM BOILERS OR
GENERATORS to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a steam boiler or generator having annular water
spaces and arranged in such a manner that a better circulation of the water and a
better utilization of the heat of the fire is obtained than heretofore.
The said boiler is characterized by the following distinctive features.
1st The connection of the water tubes having annular water spaces, and each of
which is composed to two tubes placed one within the other, with two boxes
hereinafter termed joining boxes, to the adjacent sides of which the external tube
of each pair of tubes forming a water space is secured by rivetting, whilst the
internal tube of each pair of tubes is jointed to the outer or opposite sides of the
said joining boxes, at one end by a conical shoulder and on the opposite end by a
similar conical shoulder upon which is screwed a tightening nut.
2nd The combination of these annular water tubes with a steam collector forming
also a water reservoir, this steam collector comprising two cylinders placed at right
angles to each other, one of which cylinders communicates with the front joining
box and with a series of steam drying or superheating tubes, whilst the other
joining box communicates through two vertical tubes with a lower cylinder
hereinafter termed a hydro-ejector, and with the rear joining box.
3rd The utilization of the connecting tubes between the steam collector and the
hydro-ejector for permitting a circulation of water through the annular water
tubes (so as to avoid any calcareous deposit in the said water tubes) by simply.
subjecting the bydro-ejector to less heat than the other parts of the apparatus, in
order to produce a difference of temperature between the steam collector and the
hydro-ejector, the deposits being removed from the latter through one or more
blow-off pipes.
4th The arrangement, in combination with the steam-drying or super-heating
tubes, of a horizontal separating partition causing the flame and the hot gases of
combustion which have passed over the exteriors of the annular water tubes to be
directed to the rear of the boiler in order to traverse the internal parts of these
water tubes from the rear to the front; the gases then pass above the partition
from the front to the rear around the steam collector, and escape through the
chimney.
The construction and operation of my improved boiler will be easily understood
from the following description.

page_text: The annular tubes are placed above the furnace and communicate with two
joining boxes, of which one rests upon a cast iron bed having ribs, whilst the
other is supported by the hydro-ejector with which it is in direct and permanent
communication. The external tubes of the water tubes are connected with the
internal or adjacent sides of the joining boxes by simply rivetting or beating down
the ends of the tubes, whilst the internal tubes are united to the external sides of
the joining boxes at one end by conical shoulders and on the opposite ends by a
similar conical shoulders upon which are screwed annular nuts the tightening of
which permits the said shoulders to be jointed in the orifices of the said joining
boxes,
The front joining box communicates through an upright tube with the front
part of the steam collector. All the steam generated in the water tubes enters this
steam collector through the said upright tube. The rear portion of the steam
collector communicates with the hydro-ejector by means of two vertical tubes.
The steam-collector is provided with the usual accessories of steam generators,
such as a dome from which the steam is taken, a safety-valve, a self-closing cover,
a pressure-gauge and a cylinder interposed between the boiler and the gauge glass.
From the steam dome, the steam passes through a suitable pipe into the drying
or superheating tubes which are connected with each other in such a manner that
they are all traversed from one extremity to the other by the steam, which in a
dried or superheated state passes to an engine or the like through another pipe
The drying or superheating tubes are supported by T-irons, and project slightly
above a horizontal wall or partition separating the space containing the steam
collector from that containing the water tubes. The whole apparatus is enclosed
in a sheet-iron casing or by a refractory wall.
The hot gases of combustion rise vertically from the furnace and pass over the
exteriors of the water tubes, they are then directed horizontally by the said
partition wall and pass through the internal tubes of the water tubes, they then
circulate around the steam collector and finally escape through the chimney.
By reason of the arrangement of the boiler or generator, the hydro-ejector is
heated least of all the portions of the generators, as it is protected by the fire-
bridge from the direct heat of the fire. It follows from this that a difference of
temperature always exists between the water in the steam collector and that in the
hydro-ejector, hence a continuous circulation of the water takes place through the
hydro-ejector the inclined water-tubes and the steam-collector and the vertical
pipes communicating with the hydro-ejector.
By this constant circulation of the water any adherence of calcareous deposits to
the sides of the water tubes, becomes impossible and consequently the deposits take
place in the hydro-ejector, whence they can be removed through one or more
blow-off pipes.
The water tubes may be placed in superposed rows or so as to cross each other.
This latter arrangement has the advantage that the tubes offer an obstruction to
the passage of the hot gases of combustion to the chimney, whereby a better
utilization of the heat is obtained.
In the general arrangement of my boiler the water tubes instead of being
annular can also be replaced by tubes having a circular section, that is to say
the internal tubes can be dispensed with but in this case the return of the heated
gases through the water tubes being no longer possible the partition is dispensed
with,

page_text: I, NICOLAS ROSER, of Paris, France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a steam boiler or generator having annular water
spaces, each of which is formed by two tubes placed one within the other and
arranged in such a manner that a better circulation of the water and a better
utilization of the heat of the fire is obtained than heretofore.
The said boiler is characterized by the following features.
1st. The connection of each set of tubes forming an annular water space with
two boxes hereinafter termed joining boxes, to the adjacent sides of which joining
boxes the external tube of each pair of tubes forming a water space is secured by
rivetting, whilst the internal tube of each pair of tubes is jointed to the outer or
opposite sides of the said joining boxes, at one end by a conical shoulder and on
the opposite end by a similar conical shoulder upon which is screwed a tightening
nut.
2nd. The combination of these annular water tubes and joining boxes with a
steam collector, forming also a water reservoir for maintaining the level of the
liquid in the boiler; This steam collector comprises two cylinders placed at right
angles to each other, one of which cylinders communicates with the front joining
box of the annular tubes and with a series of steam drying or superheating tubes,
whilst the other communicates through two vertical tubes with a lower cylinder,
hereinafter termed a hydro-ejector, and with the rear joining box.
3rd. The utilization of the connecting tubes between the steam collector and the
hydro-ejector for permitting a circulation of water through the annular tubes (so
as to avoid any calcareous deposit in the said water tubes) by simply subjecting
the hydro-ejector to less heat than the other parts of the apparatus, in order to
produce a difference of temperature between the steam collector and the hydro-
ejector, the deposits being removed from the latter through one or more blow-off
pipes.
4th. The arrangement, in combination with the steam-drying or superheating
tubes, of a horizontal separating partition causing the flame and the hot gases of
combustion which have passed over the exteriors of the annular water tubes to be
directed to the rear of the boiler in order to traverse the internal parts of these
water tubes from the rear to the front; the gases then pass above the partition
from the front to the rear around the steam collector, and escape through the
chimney.
The construction and operation of my improved boiler will be easily understood
from the following description.
In the accompanying drawing.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a steam boiler or generator
constructed according to this invention, and
Figure 2 is an end view thereof.

page_text: A A are the annular water tubes which are arranged in vertical rows and
secured at the front and rear ends in joining boxes B B¹. The latter are inde-
pendent of the joining boxes of the adjacent rows of superposed tubes, and with
the connected tubes constitute what I term an element of my boiler.
This construction has the advantage that it enables safety boilers to be made in
which the generation of steam can be augmented to any desired extent by simply
multiplying the number of juxtaposed steam-generating elements, each element
invariably comprising a row of tubes and two joining boxes.
I can in this manner construct a marine boiler having as much as 400 square
meters of heating surface, and heated from one furnace.
The front joining boxes B. B rest upon a cast iron bed C provided with ribs,
whilst the rear joining boxes B¹ B' are supported by the hydro-ejector cylinder D,
with which they are in direct and permanent communication.
The exterior casings a a of the tubes A. A are connected with the internal or
adjacent sides b b of the joining boxes B, B¹ by simply rivetting or beating down
the ends of the said casing; whilst, the internal parts c c of the tubes A A are
united to the external sides d d of the joining boxes B B¹, at one end by a conical
shoulder e and at the opposite end by a similar shoulder e¹, upon which is screwed
an annular nut m the tightening of which permits the said shoulders e and e¹ to be
jointed in the orifices in the outer sides d, d of the said joining boxes.
The front joining boxes B communicate at their upper part with a conduit
which connects them, through a tube E, with the front part of the steam-collector F.
All the steam generated in the tubes A A. enters this steam collector through the
tube E At the rear, the steam collector F communicates through the part f with
the hydro-ejector D, by means of two vertical tubes G G placed at the sides at the
rear of the boiler.
The steam-collector F is provided with the usual accessories of steam generators,
Buch as the dome H from which the steam is taken, the safety valve t the man-
hole cover J, the pressure gauge M, and the cylinder K interposed between the
boiler and the gauge glass L.
From the dome H the steam passes through a tube N into the drying or super-
heating tubes 0, 0, 0, 0, which are connected with each other in such a manner
that they are all traversed from one extremity to the other by the steam, which,
in a dried or superheated state, passes to an engine or the like through the pipe P.
The drying or superheating tubes ☐☐ are supported by the T-irons QQ, and
project slightly above a horizontal wall or partition R separating the space con-
taining the steam collector F from that containing the tubular elements. The
whole apparatus is enclosed in a sheet-iron casing or by a refractory wall.
The hot gases of combustion rise vertically from the furnace, and pass around
the exteriors of the tubes A A; they are then directed horizontally by the
partition R and thence downwardly and through the conduits c, c of the tubes A
from the rear to the front, they then rise vertically in front of the partition R and
circulate around the steam collector F, escaping finally through the chimney S.
By reason of the arrangement of the boiler or generator, the hydro-ejector D is
heated least of all the portions of the generator, as it is protected by the fire-
bridge U from the direct heat of the fire. It follows from this that a difference of
temperature always exists between the water in the steam collector F and that in
the hydro-ejector D, whence a continuous circulation of the water takes place
through the hydro-ejector, the inclined water tubes A.A, the steam collector, and
the tubes G G communicating with the hydro-ejector D.
By this constant circulation of the water, any adherence of calcareous deposit to
the sides of the tubes A, A becomes impossible, and consequently the deposit take
place in the hydro-ejector D, whence it can be removed through one or more blow-
off pipes X.
Instead of placing the tubes A A in superposed rows, they may be placed so as
to overlap each other, as represented in Figure 3. This quincuncial arrangement
has the advantage that the tubes offer an obstruction to the direct passage of the

page_text: hot gases of combustion to the chimney, whereby a better utilization of the heat is
obtained.
In the general arrangement of my boiler, the tubes A A instead of being annular
may be replaced by tubes having a circular section that is to say, the internal
tubes can be dispensed with, but in this case the return of the heated gases through
the water tubes being no longer possible, the partition R is dispensed with.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that
I claim is
First. A steam boiler or generator containing a number of juxtaposed tubular
elements, which are independent of the adjacent elements and each composed of a
vertical or quincuncial row of annular evaporating tubes, secured in front and at
the rear in special joining boxes, the front boxes of the various elements communi-
cating with a horizontal conduit above which is arranged a cylinder or steam
collector, and the rear boxes of the said elements communicating with the hydro-
ejector upon which they rest.
Second. In a steam boiler or generator having annular tubes, the system or
method of jointing the said tubes in the joining boxes, the external casings of the
said tubes being connected to the internal or adjacent sides of said joining boxes
by rivetting or the like, whilst the interior parts of these tubes are connected
to the exterior sides of the joining boxes, at one end by a conical shoulder and at
the opposite end by a conical shoulder upon which an annular tightening nut is
screwed.