AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MATERIALS FOR THE MANU- FACTURE OF CARPETS, FLOORCLOTH, FELT, WALL PAPER, FIREPROOF FLEXIBLE ROOFING, SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING. AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Longbottom, of 61, Camp Road, Leeds, in the
County of York, Engineer, and Abram Longbottom, of 3, The Terrace,
Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MATERIALS FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CARPETS, FLOORCLOTH, FELT, WALL PAPER, FIREPROOF FLEXIBLE
ROOFING, SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING. AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Longbottom and
Abram Longbottom at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 5th July 1865.
We, JOHN LONGBOTTOM, of 61, Camp Road, Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, and ABRAM LONGBOTTOM, of 3, The Terrace, Hammersmith, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for " AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MATERIALS FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CARPETS, FLOORCLOTH, FELT, WALL PAPER, FIREPROOF FLEXIBLE
ROOFING, SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved combination of materials for the
manufacture of carpets, floorcloth, felt, wall paper, fireproof flexible roofing,
ship and boat building, lining for walls of lunatic asylums, horse boxes, ice
bins, passage cloths, stair cloths, washstand, bath and billiard table mats,

page_text: lining for railway and other carriages, stoppers for bottles, bungs, dolls, toys
ornaments, elastic printing rollers, elastic rollers for spinning machinery, and
for various other purposes of utility, either when worked or manufactured by
rolls, or moulded or otherwise formed into the shape, figure, or device
required.
Our Invention consists in the application of certain well known materials
to the manufacture of an elastic, flexible, durable, water, insect, and fireproof
composition, which we call kampakaon, and which is made as follows:-First
we dissolve, say, 5 lbs. of india-rubber with 20 gallons of ordinary or crude
coal tar naptha, and to one part by weight of this solution we add 2 parts by
weight of shell lac ground to a fine powder, constantly stirring the solution
until perfect combination and fusion is effected. Second, we dissolve and mix
in, say, 5 pints of water, at a temperature of about 190°, 4 oz. of alum, 2 oz.
of sulphate of ammonia, 4 oz. of boracic acid, 5 oz. of glue, 5 oz. of molasses,
and 5 oz. of boiled linseed oil, to which we add 10 oz. of bydrochlorate of
ammonia. Third, we blend the before-named mixtures thoroughly together at
a temperature of about 200°. Fourth, we prepare any woody or fibrous
material, such as flax waste, shevydan, mongo, cloth waste, flook waste, silk
waste, hemp, cotton, blanket, plush, velvet, or other flies or blowings, wool,
hair, down, turf, peat, shumac, tan, ground leather, ground cork, ground
coloured listings, rags, and any other suitable materials, by heating or boiling
the same in a solution composed of equal parts of double sulphate of potassa
and alumina, sulphate of iron, and borax. Fifth, we then place the blended
solutions with the necessary quantity of the heated woody or fibrous materials
in a powerful mixing machine, which mixing machine we prefer to be enclosed
in a steam jacket on the principle of the mixing machine described in a
Patent granted to John Longbottom, dated the 18th of March 1846,
No. 11,186. This stean jacket must be kept during the whole course of
mixing at a temperature of from 150 to 200°. In this machine the whole of
the materials are to be incorporated one with the other and made to form one
perfectly homogenous mass. Sixth, from the mixing machinery we cause the
homogenous mass to be well worked in a heated masticator at a temperature
of about 150°. Seventh, from the masticator we cause the kampakaon to be
passed several times through a series of heavy iron rollers, the first rollers to be
beated to about the same temperature as the kampakaon itself when taken from
the masticator, but the following rollers must be gradually cooler until the
kampakaon reaches the finishing rollers which we prefer to be nearly cold.
In this stage of the process the kainpakaon assumes the size and thickness
required for the purpose to which it is to be applied. Eighth, after this we

page_text: submit the kampakaon to a cold bath of any metallic salts, which, with the
compounds mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4, renders it completely fireproof.
Ninth, when the kampakaon is intended for fireproof flexible roofing or
for pavements we incorporate with it in the mixing machinery fine dried sand,
or clean washed and dried pebbles or gravel, together with lime, chalk, gypsum,
or plaster of Paris, in any desired proportions. Tenth, when the kamp-
akaon is intended for carpets, floorcloth, wall paper, and such like purposes,
we paint or emboss, engrave, or print the same in any desired design or
colors in the usual manner. Eleventh, when the kampakaon is desired to be
of extra strength we accomplish the object by inserting between two or more
thicknesses thereof various veneerings of fabrics, wood, or metal, cementing
the same together, after which it is again passed through the rollers. Twelfth,
we also take peat or turf cut into blocks of any required size and thickness,
which peat or turf we prefer to be of a fibrous nature, and by submitting it
to a steeping process in the compositions before named we render it elastic,
fireproof, and fitted for the many useful purposes herein-before specified.
We do not strictly confine ourselves either to the stated proportions or
temperatures set forth, but only so far as it is necessary to produce an
uninflammable material for the uses or purposes above named.
› SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Longbottom and Abram Longbottom in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 5th January 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
LONGBOTTOM, of 61, Camp Road, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
5 and ABRAM LONGBOTTOM, of 3, The Terrace, Hammersmith, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the 29th year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Longbottom and Abram Longbottom, Her special license that we,
the said John Longbottom and Abram Longbottom, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Longbottom and Abram
Longbottom, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,

page_text: exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
COMBINATION OF MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, FLOORCLOTH, FELT,
WALL PAPER, FIREPROOF FLEXIBLE ROOFING, SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING, AND FOR
OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," upon the (condition amongst) others that we, the said
John Longbottom and Abram Longbottom, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Tetters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Longbottom and Abram Long-
bottom, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
Our said Invention relates to an improved combination of materials for the
manufacture of carpets, floorcloth, felt, wall paper, fireproof flexible roofing,
ship and boat building, lining for walls of lunatic asylums, horse boxes, ice
bins, passage cloths, stair cloths, washstand, bath and billiard table mats,
lining for railway and other carriages, stoppers for bottles, bungs, dolls, toys,
ornaments, elastic printing rollers, elastic rollers for spinning machinery, aud
for various other purposes of utility, either when worked or manufactured
by rolls, or moulded or otherwise formed into the shape, figure, or device
required.
Our Invention consists in the application of certain well-known materials
to the manufacture of an elastic, flexible, durable, water, insect, and fireproof
composition, which we call kampakaon, and which is made as follows:-
First, we dissolve, say, five pounds of india-rubber with twenty gallons of
ordinary or crude coal tar naptha, and to one part by weight of this solution
we add two parts by weight of shell lac ground to a fine powder, constantly
stirring the solution until perfect combination and fusion is effected. Second,
we dissolve and mix in, say, five pints of water, at a temperature of about
190°, four ounces alum, two ounces sulphate of ammonia, four ounces 'boracic
acid, five ounces glue, five ounces molasses, and five ounces of boiled linseed
oil, to which we add ten ounces of hydrochlorate of ammonia. Third, we
blend the before-named mixtures thoroughly together at a temperature of
about 200°. Fourth, we prepare any woody or fibrous material, such as flax
waste, shevydan, mongo, cloth waste, flock waste, silk waste, hemp, cotton,
blanket, plush, velvet, or other flies or blowings, wool, hair, down, turf,

page_text: peat; schermac, tan, ground leather, ground cork, ground colored listings,
rags, and any other suitable materials, by heating or boiling the same in a
solution composed of equal parts of double sulphate of potassa and alumina,
sulphate of iron and borax. Fifth, we then 'place the blended solutions with
the necessary quantity of the heated woody or fibrous materials in a powerful
mixing machine, which mixing machine we prefer to be enclosed in a steam
jacket on the principle of a mixing machine described in a Patent granted to
John Longbottom, dated the 18th of March 1846, No. 11,136. This steam
jacket must be kept during the whole course of mixing at a temperature
of from 150 to 200°. In this machine the whole of the materials are
to be incorporated one with the other and made to form one perfectly homo-
genous mass. Sixth, from the mixing machinery wo cause the homogenous
mass to be well worked in a heated masticator at a temperature of about 150°.
Seventh, from the masticator we cause the kampakaon to be passed several
times through a series of heavy iron rollers, the first rollers to be heated to
about the same temperature as the kampakaon itself when taken from the
masticator, but the following rollers must be gradually cooler until the
kampakaon reaches the finishing rollers, which we prefer to be nearly cold.
In this stage of the process the kampakaon assumes the size and thickness
required for the purpose to which it is to be applied. Eighth, after this we
submit the kampakaon to a cold bath of metallic salts, which, with the com-
pounds mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4, renders it completely fireproof.
Ninth, when the kampakaon is intended for fireproof flexible roofing or
for pavements we incorporate with it in the mixing machinery fine dried sand
or clean washed and dried pebbles or gravel, together with lime, chalk,
gypsum, or plaster of Paris, in any desired proportions. Tenth, when the
kampakaon is intended for carpets, floorcloth, wall paper, and such like pur-
poses, we paint or emboss, engrave, or print the same in any design or colours
in the usual manner. Eleventh, when the kampakaon is desired to be of
extra strength we accomplish the object by inserting between two or more
thicknesses thereof various veneerings of fabrics, wood, or metal, cementing
the same together, after which it is again passed through the rollers. Twelfth,
we also take peat or turf cut into blocks of any required size and thickness,
which peat or turf we prefer to be of a fibrous nature, and by submitting it
to a steeping process in the compositions before named we render it elastic,
fireproof, and fitted for many useful purposes.
We do not strictly confine ourselves either to the stated proportions or
temperatures set forth, but only so far as it is necessary to produce an
uninflammable compound for the uses or purposes above named.

page_text: Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the manufacture of the
herein described peculiar compound which we call "kampakaon," and the
application of such compound to the various purposes herein-before set forth
in the manner substantially as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Abram Longbottom, on behalf of myself
and the said John Longbottom, have hereunto set my hand and 1
seal, the Fifth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-six.