matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MORTAR AND CEMENT
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Gaskell and George Holcroft
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 3rd January 1855.
We, JACOB GASKELL, of the City of Manchester, Button Manufacturer, and
GEORGE HOLCROFT, of the same Place, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
MORTAR AND CEMENT" to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the employment for the manufacture of mortar
and cement of the ordinary refuse lime of gas works, or that lime which has
previously been used for the purification of gas for illumination. The following
are the modes of treatment we prefer, in order to adapt it to the purposes
intended For common mortar, the refuse lime may be ground up and mixed
with sand or other matters in the ordinary way. For a superior kind of mortar
or cement, we grind it up and mix it with various proportions of sulphuric
acid, or the vitriol of commerce, water and soda ash, or alkali crystals. When
to these ingredients about one-third (by measure) is added of clean sand, and
the whole intimately blended, a cement is formed which sets in with a tenacious
and close texture. To this mixture we sometimes add a portion of Roman

page_text: cement, or of plaster of Paris, when an extremely hard cement is the result.
We also in some cases add a portion of ground flints. For fireproof cement,
we mix with the lime ground pumice stone and sand in various proportions.
The foregoing combinations have been found to produce good results, but
we do not limit ourselves to the details given.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1855

page_text: Sealed the 17th April 1855, and dated the 31st January 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Martin Samuelson and
Alexander Samuelson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 31st January 1855.
We, MARTIN SAMUELSON and ALEXANDER SAMUELSON, of Scott Street
Foundry, Hull, Engineers and Ship-builders, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES" to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object improvements in steam engines, and they
are as follows:-
First, when constructing steam engines where the steam is allowed to
escape from one cylinder into and expand in a second cylinder, we so arrange
the steam pipe and apparatus connected therewith and with the condenser, that
the high-pressure steam may, when desired, be expanded in the low-pressure
cylinder, and then pass to the condenser; or at other times, when desired, the

page_text: steam from the boiler may pass into the high-pressure cylinder, and thence
into the condenser, and the low-pressure cylinder receive its steam direct from
the boiler.
Secondly, when making steam engines with trunks for the piston rods to
work in, we apply a hollow piston rod at the other side of the piston to that
where the trunk is fixed, in order more conveniently to lubricate the axis
and parts where the piston rod is attached to the piston.
And, thirdly, when using steam expansively, by employing a high and low
pressure cylinder, our Invention consists of arranging the cylinders opposite to
each other with the shaft or axis (to which they give motion) between them
in such manner that the cylinders and pumps are arranged in a horizontal
plane.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING TEMPLES TO BE USED IN WEAVING
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Maynes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1855.
I, WILLIAM MAYNES, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN SELF-ACTING TEMPLES TO BE USED IN WEAVING" to be as follows:-
These my improvements have reference to temples of the class commonly
known as "box and roller," or "trough" temples. They consist in the
following additions to and modifications in the construction of such temples,
applied either severally or in combinations of two or more of them.
Firstly, the division of the roller into two or more parts or separate rollers,
having such of their pivots as are not carried by the ends of the trough sup-
ported in a bearing or bearings at one or more intervals in the length of the
temple, or the formation of the said roller in one piece, but supported at one
or more intermediate points in its length as well as at its ends, together with
an arrangement of rests, bearings, or supports for carrying the intermediate
pivots of the separate rollers before mentioned, or for supporting the roller,
if continuous, at the necessary intervals.
Secondly, an arrangement for facilitating the temporary removal of the rollers
or roller when gaiting a warp, by mounting them or it in a frame capable of

page_text: being turned back on a hinge joint, or affixed to the other parts of the temple
by buttons or otherwise, so as to be easily removeable.
Thirdly, an arrangement of two or more rollers or series of rollers parallel
to each other, in the same frame or trough.
Fourthly, the use of all or any of the above arrangements with the trough,
guide, or straight edge placed in an inverted position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bird Herapath at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
September 1855.
I, WILLIAM BIRD HERAPATH, of Bristol, in the County of Somerset,
Doctor of Medicine and Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in the manufacture of probes, directors, specula,
catheters, syringes, and other surgical instruments, either wholly or in part, or
covered or coated with the metal aluminium.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OPEN STOVES AND GRATES FOR ROOMS AND APARTMENTS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Amos Kirby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
November 1855.
I, SAMUEL AMOS KIRBY, of Hastings Street, Leicester, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OPEN STOVES AND GRATES FOR
ROOMS AND APARTMENTS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in open stoves and grates,
and consists of a peculiar construction or combination of the parts. For this
purpose the products of combustion which rise from the fire, together with
heated air passing over the fire, are caused to pass for the most part through
an opening or openings at the back of the stove or grate, and they are by a
back descending flue caused to descend and pass under the fire, and then into
a hollow hearth, which is, by preference, formed above the ordinary fixed
hearth. The products of combustion and heated air then pass into two
upright flues, one on each side of the fire, and from these flues the products
pass into the chimney, at the same time some of the products of combustion
pass down through the fire. There is also another opening or openings at the
back of the fire, by which part of the products of combustion can pass directly
into the chimney; but by reason of the greater heat in the side flues, the
larger quantity of the products of combustion descend down the descending
flue at the back of the fire, and down between the bottom grate of the fire, in

page_text: order to get to the hollow hearth and thence to the side flues. The size or
quantity of the openings at the back of the fire may be regulated by valves
or slides. The hollow hearth comes up to the lower front bar of the stove,
and therefore the air for supporting combustion enters at and over the front
of the fire.
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AN IMPROVED FILTER
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th January 1855.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED FILTER," (communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad,)
to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of an improvement in the construction of filters,
intended to be used in the filtering of sugar during the course of its manu-
facture, for the purpose of expediting the process of filtering, and also
improving the result obtained.
This improved filter consists of a layer or layers of cotton fibre or cotton
waste, flax fibre, flax, cotton, wool, or other like vegetable and animal fibres,
placed and held between two perforated plates, frames, or sets of laths, or
other suitable contrivances, for confining the fibrous material, and keeping it in
a proper position to act as a filter. When intended to be used, the filter is
moistened to facilitate the action of the filter, and the sugar having been dis-
solved, is, in the form of syrup, poured on to the top of the upper perforated
plate, so that it may percolate down through the mass of fibre forming the

page_text: filter, and run out from the bottom into some receiver placed for its reception.
On leaving the filter, the syrup is in a sufficiently clear state to undergo the
remaining processes followed in the refining or manufacture of sugar. When
the fibres become too much charged with the matters left therein by the
sugar, they may be cleansed or washed by steam or water in any convenient
manner.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescrwea
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellis Rowland and James Rowland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 9th October 1855.
We, ELLIS ROWLAND and JAMES ROWLAND, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE STEAM ENGINES" to be
as follows:-
This Invention first applies to the working of the ordinary slide valves in the
steam chests of locomotive engines. The pressure of the steam on the back
of the valve has hitherto produced much unnecessary friction by the employ-
ment of a metal plate covering the back of and forming a slide for the valve.
We are enabled to avoid this pressure, such covering plate being secured to
the outer plate of the steam chamber by bolts and stop-nuts in such a manner
as to be readily adjusted and rigidly secured, yet allowing free action to the
slide valve.
Secondly, this Invention consists in the employment of a valve of peculiar
construction, placed between the two cylinders of locomotive engines, which
may be actuated at will by the driver of the engine. The ports of this valve
are so constructed or placed with regard to each other that the steam may be

page_text: admitted to both the cylinders at the same time; or by a slight shifting of the
valve, the ports before employed for the supply of steam to both cylinders
may be closed, and other ports opened, allowing the supply of steam and
working of either cylinder, separately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES, AND IN THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William McLiesh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd September
1855.
I, WILLIAM MCLIESH, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES, AND IN THE PREVENTION
OF SMOKE," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a system or mode of arranging and constructing
steam boiler and other furnaces, so as to obtain a more perfect combustion of
the smoke than is effected in ordinary furnaces, and so as to render the action
of the furnace more effectual than hitherto. In applying the Invention to
internally-flued boilers in which the furnace is at one end of the main internal
flue, a bridge or archway of fire brick or other suitable material is built over
the front portion of the grate bars, extending backwards a suitable distance
over the furnace. This archway is built so as to leave a thin or narrow space
between itself and the inside of the boiler flue, through which space air is
admitted from the front in such a manner as to cover or envelop the furnace
flames in the form of a thin sheet as it issues into the furnace space at the
back end of the archway, being considerably heated by the archway in its
passage over it. The air may be admitted by holes in the front plate, or
through any convenient valvular contrivance, which may be either automatic

page_text: or adjustable by hand. At or near the inner end of the archway just described
a second bridge or archway, of fire brick or other suitable material, is built over
the furnace, but in contact with the inside of the flue, forming in fact a lining
thereto. This lining is continued back a considerable distance beyond the
bridge or throat of the furnace, and serves to protect that portion of the boiler
which is usually exposed to the greatest heat; at the same time this lining
becomes intensely heated, and insures the ignition of the smoke on the mixing
with it of the air admitted through the passage already described. The same
system of construction may also obviously be carried out in the furnaces of
externally-flued boilers, and in any furnaces in which the main flue passes off
from the back of the furnace, the minor details of arrangement being suitably
modified in each case, as will be easily understood by the practical man.
CERTAIN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE-MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, DRAIN PIPES, TILES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March 1855.
I, THOMAS HILL, of the Birches, Stanton Lacey, in the County of Salop,
Land Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE-MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, DRAIN
PIPES, TILES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
My machinery is intended to be applied between the pug mill and the
moulds. It consists of a frame, composed of two sides, and of a curved bottom
plate, with bearings in the side plates for the axis of a wheel or drum. This
drum has four slots equidistant from each other, each pair of slots being
exactly opposite each other. Through these slots work four valves or plungers,
each pair of plungers being connected on the inside of the drum by right and
left handed screws, so that the distance they are to protrude, as hereafter
mentioned, may be regulated. One end of the frame receives clay from a pug
mill, or other suitable source; the drum is caused to rotate either by horse,
manual, or other power, when the plungers carry forward the clay, and deliver
it at the other side of the frame into a box, to which the moulds or dies are
fitted. The plungers are so arranged as to follow the curve of the bottom
plate, and as each plunger commences to deliver its charge it begins to recede
within the drum. For the greater certainty of action, I place a guide or guide
plate on the top of the drum to ensure the perfect working of the plungers.

page_text: Although I have described the drum as having four slots and fitted with four
plungers, I do not limit myself to that particular number. I intend to claim,
as of my Invention, the delivering of clay or other plastic material into moulds,
dies, and the like by means of a drum, in which plungers are so fitted as to
protrude from and recede into the drum at such intervals as are necessary for
the taking up of the clay and delivering it into the moulds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA- RATUS FOR EXPRESSING LIQUIDS OR MOISTURE FROM SUBSTANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Needham and James
Kite at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 1st December 1855.
We, WILLIAM NEEDHAM and JAMES KITE (Secundus), do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA-
RATUS FOR EXPRESSING LIQUIDS OR MOISTURE FROM SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
We propose to make two or more slabs or trays of any suitable material,
and we indent or groove them on either side, or raise projections thereon when
required, and in some cases, for certain substances or semi-fluids, we propose to
hollow out such slabs for the admission of steam, water, or hot air. These
slabs being placed one above the other with laths or blocks between them,
forming chambers or cells, we propose to place in each or any of such
chambers so formed a slab or tray (moveable or otherwise), cloth or cloths, to
assist in the expression of the moisture from substances. When cloths are used,
we propose to attach them to a force pump (regulated by a safety valve), or, if
we find it more convenient or efficaceous, to a plunger. We propose, when
these slabs or trays are superposed above each other, to bind them in position
by ties of suitable strength, or place them in the frame of an hydraulic press
or screw. The material to be operated upon will be forced into the cloths
placed between the slabs, and meeting with resistance from the ties or frame-

page_text: work of the press, the moisture escapes through the cloths, and is carried off
by the channels, leaving the substance or residue in the chambers. We
propose, where we find it desirable, to introduce a jet of steam into the said
chambers, cells, cloths, or compartments.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET IRON
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lackmann, of Hamburgh, for the Invention
of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET IRON."-A commu-
nication.
Sealed the 31st July 1855, and dated the 14th May 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Lackmann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1855.
I, JOHN LACKMANN, of Hamburgh, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OP SHEET IRON " to be
as follows:--
This Invention has for its object a manufacture of sheet iron, similar to what
is known as Russian sheet iron. For this purpose the best quality of charcoal
iron is rolled into sheets in the ordinary manner. The sheets are annealed,
and are then, either singly or several together, subjected to the process of
planishing on a polished anvil by a polished hammer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRILLING AND BORING
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Booth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August 1855.
I, JAMES BOOTH, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRILLING
AND BORING" to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to ensure a true cylindrical hole in drilling
and boring metals and other materials. In drilling and boring it is usual to
fix one end of the article to be drilled or bored to the face plate of a lathe or
other revolving agent, and to support the other end in a rest. Now, my
improvements consist in so connecting the end of the article to be drilled or
bored to the revolving agent that it shall be at liberty to move in any direc-
tion, and in dispensing with the rest usually employed. I prefer to use a
cylindrical tool for drilling or boring, and to support the tool close to the end
of the article to be drilled or bored; by this arrangement the tool serves as a
support for one end of the article, and the other end, being capable of moving
in any direction, is at liberty to give way to the drilling or boring tool. My
Invention is applicable in drilling and boring vertically as well as horizontally.
MANUFACTURING FROM VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES A MATERIAL WHICH CAN BE APPLIED TO ALL ADHESIVE SURFACES FOR EITHER USEFUL OR ORNA- MENTAL PURPOSES, AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR AND IN THE SAME MANNER AS FLOCK IS NOW USED OR APPLIED ON ADHESIVE SURFACES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March 1855.
I, HENRY GRAY, of No. 60, Clements Lane, Pickett Street, Strand, in the City
of Westminster, Printing Ink Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "MANUFACTURING FROM VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES A MATERIAL
WHICH CAN BE APPLIED TO ALL ADHESIVE SURFACES FOR EITHER USEFUL OR ORNA-
MENTAL PURPOSES, AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR AND IN THE SAME MANNER AS FLOCK IS NOW
USED OR APPLIED ON ADHESIVE SURFACES," to be as follows:-
The said material is made from wood dust, or any other vegetable fibrous
substance, by drying, and grinding and pulverising the same to various degrees
of fineness, as required, so as to represent flock made from wool, and then the
same may be used either in its natural colour, or it may be dyed of any colour
by any of the ordinary processes now in use for dying vegetable substances, and
applied to adhesive surfaces in the manufacture of linen, muslin, calico, or
paper hangings, or fabrics, show cards or boards, labels, and other similar
manufactures, in the same manner and for the same purposes as woollen flock
is now used or applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Beales at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th January
1855.
I, WILLIAM BEALES, of 12, Arlington Street, Camden Town, in the County
of Middlesex, Cartridge Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES " to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing the case for the charge of paper or
fine woven fabric, prepared with oil sufficiently to render it waterproof, and
to cause it to give out grease to the barrel of the fire-arm in which it may be
used. The paper used may be of different substances, and the oil either boiled
or raw, but I prefer the latter. When the case is made with a seam, I unite
the parts to form the same by means of oil only, or, in some instances, a com-
position of oil mixed with a small quantity of gum. I also use oil or the said
composition for the purpose of fastening or cementing the ball into the end of
the case without the necessity of string.
In some instances it may be found desirable to form a covering of flock over
the outside of the case. This is done by coating or preparing the case with
oil, as above mentioned, then sifting a quantity of flock over it while wet, and
allowing it to dry.
In cartridges which require to be opened before loading the fire-arm with
them, I use a disc or ring of wood, metal, or stiff paper at the powder end of
the cartridge, which is inclosed at the bottom, and theu partly shut off or
separated from the powder, so as to form a kind of button, which is to be torn
off in opening the cartridge.
A NEW & IMPROVED COVERING POR SURFACES, LININGS, ROOFS, AND SPACES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Johnson, William Whittle
Johnson, and Robert Johnson the younger, at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th March 1855.
ROBERT JOHNSON, WILLIAM WHITTLE JOHNSON, and ROBERT JOHNSON the
younger, trading under the Title or Firm of W. W. & R. Johnson & Sons,
of No. 4, Waterloo Place, Commercial Road, Limehouse, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
& IMPROVED COVERING POR SURFACES, LININGS, ROOFS, AND SPACES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists in the combination of sheet metal with linen, cotton,
woollen, hempen, or other suitable fabric, such as canvass (plain or japanned),
calico, cloth, or other like fabric, or leather, whereby the same can be used for
covering surfaces, linings, roofs, and spaces.
We effect the combination in the following manner:-We take metal,
which may be either Wetterstedt's patent marine metal, lead, tin, or other
malleable metal, and roll the same into a thin sheet to the required sub-
stance; we then heat the sheet upon a hot plate, and at the same time
melt to a proper consistence Jeffery's patent marine glue, or other glue or
cement suitable to the purpose, which we spread over the metal; we then
place the canvass or other fabric or leather upon the metal, and pass over it a
roller, so as to produce an even surface, and cause the glue or cement to enter
into the substance of the fabric, and attach it closely and firmly to the metal.

page_text: By this combination we can produce a covering made light and thin in
substance and much stronger than when the metal is used without the
combination, and it affords an effectual protection from wet or damp in any
position in which it can be applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BALL CARTRIDGES FOR FACILITATING THE LOADING AND LUBRICATING OF FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harcourt Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th August
1855.
I, JOHN HARCOURT BROWN, of No. 4, Trafalgar Square, London, and at
present of Boulogne-sur-Mer, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
BALL CARTRIDGES FOR FACILITATING THE LOADING AND LUBRICATING OF FIRE-ARMS'
to be as follows:-
"
These improvements consist, firstly, in constructing the bullet so that the
lubricating material is placed in a groove compressed or cast into formation
so as to form a belt around its cylindrical base.
Secondly, the cartridge or cup (whether composed of paper or other
material) which receives the bullet is so formed that it terminates just above
the groove containing the lubricating material, the cartridge or cup being
first rendered impervious to grease or any similar composition employed in
lubricating fire-arms.
Thirdly, in the construction of cases composed of paper, metal, or other
suitable material, either separately or in combination with each other, namely,
as paper and metal, or entirely of metal, or metal combined with any other

page_text: suitable material, the interior case being closed in a certain manner at the
bottom, so as to contain the charge of powder and the bullet; the whole being
so arranged as to fit on to the mouth of the rifle or of the fire-arm, whereby
the whole charge of powder and bullet is in a position to be rammed home.
SIGNALLING THE APPROACH OF VESSELS AT SEA
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Marks at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th May 1855.
I, WILLIAM HENRY MARKS, of the City of London, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "SIGNALLING THE APPROACH OF
VESSELS AT SEA" to be as follows (that is to say):-
My said Invention, which has reference to obviating the danger from
collision to which ships or other vessels are exposed during a fog, consists in
furnishing any such vessels severally with a bell or series of bells, which may
be set in motion when requisite by the hand, or by any suitable mechanism.
actuated by clockwork, by the motion of the ship or other convenient power, so
as to ring together or separately in such combinations as may be requisite to give
warning of the approach of a ship or vessel to another vessel or to persons on
shore, or to signal directions to a a vessel for the purpose of avoiding another.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATER- PROOF COATS, BOOTS, CAPES, OVERALLS, AND OTHER GARMENTS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Whiteman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th August
1855.
I, EDWARD WHITEMAN, of Riverhead, in the Parish of Sevenoaks, in the
County of Kent, Glover and Gaiter Maker, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATER-
PROOF COATS, BOOTS, CAPES, OVERALLS, AND OTHER GARMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the usc, in the manufacture of coats, capes, boots,
leggings, and other garments, of a peculiar preparation of leather, which will
ensure warmth and impermeability to rain and moisture.
These advantages I obtain by dressing sheep and other skins with the wool
or hair on, in the ordinary manner employed by tawers, and afterwards
enamelling the flesh side of such skins by the application thereto of any suitable
waterproof varnish which will not affect the flexibility of the leather. This
material I cut up and put together in the ordinary manner of making up
garments, keeping the woolly or hairy side inwards, so as to impart warmth to

page_text: the wearer, and the enamelled or outward side will then act as a repellant
to rain and moisture.
For the better security against rain of garments made from such enamelled
leather, I propose in some cases to run enamel varnish into the seams of the
garments.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, WINDING, AND DOUBLING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Major Lawton and Thomas
Schofield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th July 1855.
We, the said MAJOR LAWTON, of Micklehurst, in the County of Chester,
Book-keeper, and THOMAS SCHOFIELD, of the same Place, Cotton Spinner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, WINDING, AND DOUBLING
COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the machinery for preparing, spinning, winding,
and doubling in which spindles and flyers are used, the object being to run
them at a greater velocity, combined with a more perfect steadiness. According
to this arrangement, the flyer is mounted in a separate bearing, formed upon a
horizontal rail extending from one end of the machine to the other; the spindle
is also mounted in bearings formed on the copping rail, having sufficient
length above to drive and steady the bobbin. As the flyer and spindle revolve
independently of each other, it will be readily understood that the traverse of
the copping rail will equal the length of the bobbin required. The flyer and
spindle may also be driven by any suitable arrangement of gearing, or other
mechanical appliances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING, HEATING, & MELTING SOLID & PLASTIC BODIES
Year: 1855

page_text: received rovisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodore Schwartz at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1855.
I, THEODORE SCHWARTZ, of the City & State of New York, United States of
America, now of 67, Gracechurch Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING,
HEATING, & MELTING SOLID & PLASTIC BODIES," to be as follows:-—
The improvements consist in enlarging the surface or surfaces of solid or
plastic bodies to be dried or heated, or of vessels or other receptacles used to
convey or reverberate heat to solid or plastic bodies to be dried, heated, or
melted. The object of this enlargement of surface is to accelerate & increase
the action of air or flame in drying and heating, and it is effected by substi-
tuting for plain surfaces in the bodies or receptacles referred to, corrugations,
grooves, projecting ridges, ribs, or such other protuberant forms as shall give
the maximum of surface per pound of material compatible with the practical
requirements of each case. The Invention is applicable, and I contemplate its
application, to bricks, and other architectural forms, in clay or other plastic
material, to melting and annealing pots and vessels, to ladles, moulds, muffles,
retorts, crucibles, reverberating chambers, to certain culinary vessels, and
generally to the surfaces of bodies, serving to impart heat to solid and plastic
substances.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COUPLING BLOCKS FOR TRUSSES EMPLOYED IN ROOPS AND OTHER STRUCTURES GENERALLY
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henderson Porter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th May 1855.
I, JOHN HENDERSON PORTER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COUPLING BLOCKS FOR TRUSSES EMPLOYED IN ROOPS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
GENERALLY" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of
coupling block, for coupling the strutts and ties employed in the construction
of roofs and other structures where great strength is required, whereby a cheap,
simple, and effective coupling is obtained without any liability of the coupling
block being torn asunder, as the strains of the ties have a compressive in
place of a tensile action upon it. The improved block consists of a hexagonal
or any other suitably shaped block of cast iron, which for the sake of lightness
may be cast hollow; but this does not form a requisite feature in its con-
struction, as the same may be used solid, if desired. The ties to be coupled
are passed entirely through the block, and are secured and tightened up on
opposing sides thereof in any convenient manner, so that their strains will tend,
as herein-before described, to compress the block. The strutts which abut
upon the block may be recessed slightly into one of its sides for the purpose
of keeping them in position; or in cases where cast-iron strutts are employed,
the block and strutt or strutts may be cast in one piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRE- PARATION OF ARTIFICIAL MINERAL WATERS
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix Raux and Louis Poret at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
26th June 1855.
We, FELIX RAUX and LOUIS PORET, Merchants, both of Paris, in the
Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRE-
PARATION OF ARTIFICIAL MINERAL WATERS" to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our improvements relate to apparatus or means for producing artificial
mineral and aerated waters possessing properties analogous to natural mineral
waters, and in preserving their medicinal virtues.
The apparatus consists of a cylindrical or other shaped vessel, upon the top
of which is fixed a cover. In the centre of this cover a hole is made to admit
a spindle having attached to it several arms or blades of a suitable shape, for
the purpose of agitating the liquid. This spindle is turned by hand or other
means, & works in a step or bearing placed at the bottom of the vessel or
reservoir, which is provided with a stop-cock for the purpose of drawing off the
prepared waters.
A NEW MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, & FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Maybury Archer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1855.
I, CHARLES MAYDURY ARCHER, Gentleman of the Press, of 3, St. James'
Gardens, Haverstock Hill, Hampstead Road, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for A NEW MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, &
FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TEXTILE FABRICS, (resulting from divers experiments
made from the commencement of the present year,) to be as follows:-
I take sea weeds & fresh water weeds, and wash them from their
marine rejectamenta. I then boil them for a given period, preserving for
various uses the resulting or residual mucilaginous products. I then dry,
crush, triturate, or scutch them, & thereafter steep or boil them in a solution
of caustic soda or other alkali, & subsequently in an acidulated solution of
sulphuric or other acid, & then in a solution of chloride of lime or caustic
soda or other alkali, or subject the material to the oxymuriatic dry gas
process. The epidermis of the stems being detached, the filamentous, cellular,
& fibrous matter is beaten up into pulp, together with the matter produced
by the frinds, roots, & epidermis together, if desirable.
I claim the application of this material to the manufacture of paper, & as
a material for textile fabrics.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SEPARATING GOLD AND OTHER METALS FROM THEIR ORES
Year: 1855

page_text: appucation for Letters atent was not given
by the Act.)
CRC time pros w
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
October 1855.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SEPARATING GOLD AND OTHER
METALS FROM THEIR ORES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to the use of a metal basin, which is supported
at its centre by a ball and socket joint, and by a bed (over which it rolls) set
below the basin, a rolling or rocking and gyrating motion being imparted to
the basin by the revolving of the crusher ball contained therein.
Second, to the use of an arm furnished with an antifriction roller, which
runs over a flange formed on the edge of the basin for depressing the side of
the basin immediately in front of the crushing ball, in combination with a
second or supplemental ball in the basin, arranged in such a way as to follow
the crusher ball always down the inclined plane of the basin, and thereby, by
its connection with the opposite end of the cross head of the depressing arm,
assisting the basin in its gyrating motion, while at the same time the crusher
ball is assisted in crushing the ores.
Thirdly, to a peculiar construction of amalgamating mill, which is capable

page_text: of receiving through a hollow central shaft the wash of the crusher basin, the
metalliferous portions of which are ground and agitated in contact with a
volume of quicksilver confined by a barrel surrounding the millstones. To this
central shaft the runner stone is keyed, and above the stone is a cross head, to
one extremity of which a bracket is attached for carrying a rake, and to the
other end a bracket bearing is secured for carrying a roller, both of which are
for the purpose of keeping the quicksilver in constant agitation.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PORTABLE DWELLINGS OR HUTS, VEHICLES, AND BOXES, OR PACKING MATERIALS FOR TRAVELLERS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Barber Beaumont at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
November 1855.
I, HENRY BARBER BEAUMONT, of No. 11, Gloucester Terrace, Hyde Park,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PORTABLE DWELLINGS OR HUTS, VEHICLES, AND BOXES, OR PACKING
MATERIALS FOR TRAVELLERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of dwellings or huts of materials
affording mutual support to each other, requiring but few extraneous fastenings,
and which may be easily and expeditiously disconnected, and then the greater
portion of these materials may readily be converted into boxes and the bodies
of carts or waggons for use in the course of transit, to be afterwards again
formed into dwellings or huts; the method of connecting the materials being
chiefly by a series of grooves and ridges, with the assistance of a few bolts.
The sides, back, and front of the hut will be formed of pieces of timber, placed
one above the other, and held in position by supports external and internal
facing each other, the four corners of the hut being single supports four-sided,
with grooves on two adjoining sides for the timber to fit in. The foot of each
support will fall into a groove in a block fixed in the ground, and the top, as

page_text: well as the portion of timber it embraces, will also be let into grooves in the
ribs, connecting the pieces of timber of which the roof is formed, and these ribs
will be fixed into a slanting groove in pieces of timber or other material
forming the top of the roof, and will be connected and supported by cross
pieces. The floor boards will also be let into grooves in a framework, so as to be
fixed without nailing; provision will, of course, be made for doorway, windows,
and ventilation. The timbers forming the back, front, and sides of the hut
will form the top, bottom, and sides of the boxes, being connected in grooves,
and the pieces forming the roof will supply the back and front of the boxes.
The windows of the hut will, for the purpose of carriage, be fixed into one of
these boxes, fitting into grooves. The corner supports of the hut will form the
lower edges of the sides of carts or waggons, into the grooves of which some
of the side timbers of the hut will be fitted, to form the sides, and bottom of the
vehicle, and the door may also be converted to the latter purpose, and some of
the floor boards placed one above the other sideways, and held together by a
portion of the floor; framework may also be used to form the sides; and the
back and front may be formed of other pieces of timber, which at other times
may be formed into tables and shelves in the hut.
The foregoing is an outline description of my Invention, the details of
which may be varied in several respects without departing from the principle
of the Invention.
"
AN IMPROVED LEATHER CLOTH, AND THE EMPLOYMENT THEREOF FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hackett, of Derby, in the County of Derby,
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED LEATHER CLOTH, AND
THE EMPLOYMENT THEREOF FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES."
Sealed the 14th August 1855, and dated the 17th February 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hackett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th February 1855.
I, JOHN HACKETT, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LEATHER
CLOTH, AND THE EMPLOYMENT THEREOF FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of a fabric or fabrics of superior
quality to that now in use, as a substratum or ground for the material that
is to give it the appearance of leather, or to convert it into leather cloth.
The fabrics I use are, first, one consisting of at least two-thirds of the warp
threads and two-thirds of the weft threads of doubled and twisted cotton.
Secondly, one consisting of at least two-thirds of the warp threads of
doubled and twisted linen and at least two-thirds of the weft threads of doubled
and twisted cotton, or vice versa.

page_text: Thirdly, one composed of at least two-thirds of the warp threads and also
of two-thirds of the weft threads of doubled and twisted linen.
I intend to apply my improved leather cloth to the following purposes:-
The lining and padding of railway carriages and making and covering cushions
for the same; the lining and padding of coaches, chaises, gigs, landaus,
cabriolets, omnibuses, and every description of travelling carriages, and the
making or covering of cushions for the same; also the making or covering of
sofas, sofa cushions, the covering of chairs and cushions for chairs, making
of mattresses, and other articles of upholstery.
The advantages to be derived from my Invention are that the articles are
stronger and more durable.
AN IMPROVED STOP VALVE OR COCK FOR WATER, GAS, AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephraim Death and John Popple-
well at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 29th January 1855.
We, EPHRAIM DEATH and JOHN POPPLEWELL, both of Halstead, in the
County of Essex, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED STOP VALVE OR COCK FOR WATER, GAS, AND OTHER LIQUIDS
AND FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a stop valve or cock, in which there is a spindle,
one end of which carries a disc, faced with vulcanized india-rubber or other
suitable packing; where necessary, the other end of the spindle is screw-
threaded for from a quarter of an inch and upwards, according to circum-
stances; it has affixed to it at top a suitable handle; in the case of ball cocks
the ball lever is fitted thereto. This screw works in a corresponding female
screw cut in the head of the valve. A seat is provided for the inner side of
the disc, and a passage for liquids or fluids is opened or closed by moving the
disc one way or other.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROJECTILE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Hannibal Becker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
March 1855.
I, ERNEST HANNIDAL BECKER, of Altham, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED PROJECTILE" to be as follows:-
My improved projectile is so constructed that upon being discharged from
cannon, mortars, or other ordnance, a portion of the circumference or peri-
phery of the said projectile shall be caused to expand and closely fit the bore
or calibre of the piece, and thus secure the full impulsive force of the powder,
and the consequent truthfulness of passage of the said projectile. The pro-
jectile to which my Invention is applicable may be spherical, conical, or any
other desirable shape; and the front part (that which is required to strike an
object) is composed of iron, and may either be used as shot, or be filled in the
same manner as a shell. In order to effect the above-named expansion, I
employ a leaden ring connected or combined with the said projectile, beneath
which are placed two inclined planes or annular wedges (each having one
side plain and the other inclined), their inclined surfaces working against each

page_text: other in such a manner that upon the discharge of the piece they shall press
outwardly against the leaden ring, and thus, cause it to expand and fill any
space there may be between the projectile and the bore of the gun. By the
use of such new or improved projectile, ordnance may be employed with a
grooved or rifled bore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GAUGES AND SAFETY VALVES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Silvester at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th November
1855.
I, JOHN SILVESTER, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
GAUGES AND SAFETY VALVES, to be as follows, that is to say :—
These improvements consist in combining the steam gauge with the safety
valve in one instrument; a cylinder, having at its lower end a hollow screw, is
tapped into the boiler and secured by a nut; within this cylinder is a second
cylinder acting as a piston, and within the second cylinder and resting on the
bottom of it is a spiral spring bearing against the top of the first cylinder. An
index or dial plate is attached to the piston cylinder. The pressure of steam
from the boiler passing through the hollow screw raises the inner cylinder or
piston and the index until it reaches a given point, at which a port in the outer
cylinder provides for its escape.