Year: 1896

page_text: I, GEORGE SCOTT of Craigulan Longniddry N.B. Clerk of Works do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved building construction and has for its object
to construct a wall which when erected will have all the appearance of fiue dressed
stone work whilst at the same time being cheaper and inore weather proof than the
ordinary stone wall.
In accordance with my improvements the walls are made hollow and consist of an

page_text: external face of concrete blocks, constructed in the manner as will be bereinafter
described, and an internal face of similar concrete blocks or ordinary brick work; with
an air space between the said external and internal faces of the wall. The external
and internal face work is bonded together with iron ties in any convenient manner.
The external face work of the walls looks equal to the best dressed stone work and
stands the weather better than most fine stones, also being built in blocks it is
perfectly free from the unsightly cracks unavoidable in monolithic concrete buildings
caused by the contraction and expansion thereof.
The concrete corners, rybats, sills, lintles, mullions, strings, ashlour courses and the
like are made in inoulds. The moulds are filled with the rough concrete, preferably
consisting of Portland or other cements, hydraulic Limes or any other such adhesive
or petrifying mixtures, to near the top when a finishing coat of finer and stronger
concrete is put on; the blocks being then stamped with a metal stamp or die which
gives the blocks the impression of well dressed stones.-
The said moulds are inade either of wood or iron or other suitable metal.-
If of wood, two battens may be employed of any convenient length and of a width
to suit the thickness of the blocke; the said moulds having grooves cut in the
battens to receive and retain the necessary division boards in position.-
To keep the battens in position iron bolts and nuts or iron cramps and wedges
situated at either end are necessary.
When the moulds are made of iron or other metal I employ two long plates,
preferably strengthened at the top and bottom edges with angle irons, and baving
division plates held in position by two tenons or pins on the ends of each plate
adapted to fit into corresponding holes in the long plates.-
These long plates are also held in position by cramps and wedges or otherwise.-
The stamps or dies are made of iron, or brass, having the reversed impression of
the class of dressed stone meant to be represented cast upon them and made in sizes
to suit the different classes of blocks to be stamped.―
It will thus be seen that the faces being stamped during their construction no
plastering nor outside finishing is required; the faces being finished with the stronger
and finer concrete making a strong and compact surface to be exposed to the
weather.
The air space prevents any possibility of damp passing from the external to the
internal face of the walls and also keeps a more uniform tempemture inside the
building; the said spaces acting also as a non-conductor between the outside and s
inside, forming a free ventilation space.
As the internal work is formed of concrete, or brick work, no strapping or lath is
required, the plaster being put on to the walls making the building more firm and
vermin proof.
The simplicity of construction of the moulds enables them to be readily taken
asunder to remove the blocks, and as easily put together again.
A great saving in the construction is thereby effected owing to the small carriage
of materials required; and the walls being only half the thickness of rubble walls gives
extra space inside the building.
But in order that my said invention may be more readily understood and easily 4
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 is an elevation, and
Fig. 2 a section of such a wall as I have above described. -
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation, and
Fig. 4 a plan of a mould constructed in wood.
Figs. 5 and 6 are similar views of a mould constructed in metal, aud
Fig. 7 is an elevation of one of the metal division plates.-
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the said drawings A is the external face of the wall,
5
B the internal face and C the air space between same, a being the metal tie bars for 5
forming the bond between the two faces.-
The wooden mould shown in Figs. 3 and 4 for making the concrete blocks is

page_text: composed of two battens D, of any suitable length, bolted together at d. and secured
at the other end by a crap d¹ and wedge d-E are the wood and other divisions
which work in guides e in the battens.
In Figs. 5 and 6 D are the metal plates which are strengthened at the top and
bottom edges with angle irons, the extremities of the said plates being secured in a
similar manner to that shewn in Figs. 3 and 4.-The metal division plates E shewn
more particularly in Fig. 7, are held in position by two tenons or pins el at each side
thereof which enter corresponding recesses e in the metal plates.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The improved method of concrete building construction, substantially as and for
the purposes herein before described and shewn in the accompanying drawings.-
2. The wooden or metal moulds, in combination with suitable dies or stamps,
constructed and arranged as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and shown in
the accompanying drawings.
Dated thig 91at day of Aust 1007
JOHNSONS,
115 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agent.