IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, AND IN THE TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF SUCH AND OTHER GASES FOR COOKING, WARMING. LIGHTING. GENERATING OF STEAM, AND OTHER PURPOSES COMBINED WITH THEIR USE AS A MOTIVE POWER PREVIOUS TO BEING BURNED OR CONSUMED. AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS FOR THESE PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Salmon, of No. 6, Great Smith Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, AND IN THE TREATMENT AND
APPLICATION OF SUCH AND OTHER GASES FOR COOKING, WARMING. LIGHTING.
GENERATING OF STEAM, AND OTHER PURPOSES COMBINED WITH THEIR USE AS A
MOTIVE POWER PREVIOUS TO BEING BURNED OR CONSUMED. AND IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE APPARATUS FOR THESE PURPOSES."
Sealed the 19th May 1868, and dated tie 23rd November 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Salmon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the
23rd November 1867.
I, PETER SALMON, of No. 6, Great Smith Street, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS. AND IN THE
TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF SUCH AND OTHER GASES FOR COOKING, WARMING,
LIGHTING. GENERATING OF STEAM, AND OTHER PURPOSES COMBINED WITH THEIR
USE AS A MOTIVE POWER PREVIOUS TO BEING BURNED OR CONSUMED. AND
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS FOR THESE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-

page_text: My Invention has for its object improvements in the production of gas from
spirit, oil, tar, or other fatty matter of strong generating power for the raising
of steam, warming, cooking, and other purposes, also to give a clear bright
light for illuminating or lighting, and as a motive power in actuating the
pistons of engines, or as a substitute for steam previous to its being burned
for any of the preceeding or other purposes; and consists, in the first place,
in evaporating gas from any of the above liquids in a closed vessel by jets of
steam direct or steam surface heat (superheated preferred), or by fire heat or
flames from gas or oil, either applied to the vessel itself, or to coils or tubes of
pipe inserted in the interior thereof, the improvements being in the mode or
method of fitting the tubes in the interior (being screwed into the one plate
with back jam mut, the other end with screwed virrel, then both ends riveted
and the whole galvanized if approved) of said vessels or generators, which
may be made of any shape or forin either combined with a steam boiler or
used separately,and are fitted with self-acting supply and shut-off valves, stop-
cocks, pressure and level glass guages, feed injectors, purifiers, scrubbers, and
driers, and when once set to work go like a clock or a gas meeter without
attendance. These fittings or appliances, with the exceptions of the self-acting
shut-off valves, feed injectors, scrubbers, and driers, are what are commonly
known in the trade by their names, and therefore don't require to be described;
but I now proceed with a description of the exceptions, viz., first, self-acting
shut-off valves, which consist of a barrel (brass preferred) twelve inches long
and one inch diam. (internal measure preferred) fitted with a piston and
piston rod, the former encircled with an india-rubber ring and the latter
passing through cover of barrel at one end, the other end of barrel
diminishing to a quarter-inch tube screwed at point for screwing into gas
generator, and acts by the gas-entering by this small tube and pressing on
the under side of piston, the upper side thereof being acted upon by acircular
spiral spring of the desired strength for the pressure required, thus pushing
out or drawing in the piston rod as the pressure of gas rises or falls in the
generator, which rod by a pivot acts on a common stop-cock which shuts off
or opens the passage of the pipes through which the steam passes to generate
the
gas. The feed injectors are what are commonly known as Giffard's used
on steam boilers by the action of the steam, the only difference in this case
being that the action upon them is by gas for injecting the spirit, oil, tar, or
other fatty matter. The scrubbers are vessels (through which the gas passes)
filled with sponge, tanners' bark, or charcoal, the liquid therefrom being drawn
off by a tube; and the driers are also vessels (through which the gas passes),

page_text: to which is applied fire heat or flames from gas or oil to improve the quality
of the gas.
My Invention consists in the second place in the improved method of
application of gas manufactured as described in the first place or any other
gas for lighting,cooking, warming, generating of steam, or other purposes, and
consists in their being treated in the following manner :-In the heat of the
flame or flames of gas being expended or applied to the burners, holders, or
conveyance pipes from which these lights or flames are supplied for the purpose
of evaporating any liquid contained therein produced by the condensation of
the gas,thereby increasing its illuminating, roasting, warning, and generating
power. In its particular use in generating steam in boilers I have four
different modes or methods of application which may be applied to boilers
or generators of steam of all descriptions, whether locomotive, marine, portable,
or stationary, each style or description of boiler requiring the distribution
pipes sutably fitted; the first of these is as follows:-The liquid is placed in a
cistern to which a supply pipe is fitted, through which the liquid is conveyed
to any of the interior parts, surfaces, or tubes of the boiler in drops, when it is
instantly evaporated into gas by the heat of the steam boiler and consumed in
generating steam, to which a jet or jets of steam (superheated preferred) may
be introduced to prevent s noke and promote combustion. Second, a light
fire of coal, charcoal, wood, or other combustable material is placed in the
furnace or fire-box supported by fire-bricks or iron plates, and the liquid
dropped thereon, evaporated thereby, and instantly consumed, to which jets
of steam may be introduced to prevent smoke and promote combustion.
Third, the liquid is evaporated into gas in a separate closed vessel or
generator by fire heat or flames from gas or oil, and conveyed in pipes, and
consumed on the external or internal surface of the boiler itself, or the tubes
or cones fitted in the interior thereof, or any or all of these combined, and jets
of steam (superheated preferred) mixed with the gas previous to its being
burned. And in the fourth, the liquid is evaporated into gas in a separate
closed vessel or generator by steam surface heat(superheated preferred),either
applied to the vessel itself or to coils or tubes of pipe fitted in the interior
thereof, and jets of steam mixed with the gas and distributed in the same
manner as that described as the third mode or method.
And my Invention in the third place consists in the use of the gas (prepared
in any of the modes before described in closed vessels, or gas generated or
manufactured in. any other way, or from other liquids or substances in closed
vessels), as a motive power by its elasticity or expansion in actuating the
pistons of engine cylinders, or as a substitute for steam previous to its being

page_text: burned or consumed in generating steam in boilers, or lighting, cooking,
warming, or other purposes. This use of the gas can be applied to engines of
all descriptions, whether locomotive, marine, portable, or stationary, and may
be made to actuate the piston of a separate cylinder in a steam engine, or to
one side only of the piston, the other being actuated by steam. In all high
pressure engines, whether locomotive, marine, portable, or stationary, the heat
of the exhaust steam (when the said steam is used separately and distinctly
from the gas, either by separate cylinders, or to one side only of the pistons of
these) may be utilized in generating the gas,by the surface heat thereof being
applied to the gas generators as described in the first place, but in condensing
engines a jet or jets of steam from the boiler is required to evaporate the gas.
As there is lubrication in the gas, when two cylinders are in an engine such
as locomotives, the piston of the one being propelled by gas and the other by
steam, the pipes are arranged so that they can supply gas or steam at pleasure
for change, or the one side of both pistons can be actuated by gas, and the
other by steam.
Another mode or method of operation is for the whole of the steam used as
a motive power to be conveyed by pipes and passed through the spirit, oil, tar,
or other fatty matter contained in the gas generators, then used as a motive
power previous to its being consumed or burned in raising steam in the boiler,
the heat of the burned gases being applied to a superheater, through which
the steam passes before entering the gas generators containing the spirit, oil,
tar, or other fatty matter; or this mode may be reversed, that is to say, the
steam from the boiler in the first instance is used as a motive power, then
superheated and passed through the spirit, oil, tar, or other fatty matter,
thereby producing gas to be consumed in generating the steam in the boiler;
but I consider the former mode will shew by far the best result, not to speak
of the increased duration of the pistons and cylinders from lubrication.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Salmon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd
May, 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
SALMON, of No. 6, GreatSmith Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year

page_text: of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
mc, the said Peter Salmon, Her special licence that the said Peter
Salmon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Peter Salmon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, AND IN THE TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF SUCH AND
OTHER GASES FOR COOKING, WARMING, LIGHTING. GENERATING OF STEAM, AND OTHER
PURPOSES COMBINED WITH THEIR USE AS A MOTIVE POWER PREVIOUS TO BEING
BURNED OR CONSUMED, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS FOR THESE
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter Salmon,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Salmon, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention has for its object the manufacture or production of gas from
spirit, oil,tar, or other fattymatter of strong generating power, so as to render
the same useful for raising of steam, warming, cooking, and other purposes,
also for giving a clear bright light for illuminating or lighting, and as a motive
power when used in the manner hereafter mentioned in the apparatus here-
after described, that is, so as to actuate the pistons of power engines, or as a
substitute for steam previous to its being burned for any of the preceding or
other purposes; and consists, firstly, in generating gas from any of the above
liquids in a closed vessel by jets of steam direct or steain surface heat (super-
heated preferred), or by fire heat or flames from gas or oil, either applied
externally to the vessel itself, or to coils of pipe, or tubes or ducts inserted in
the interior thereof, the improvements being in the mode or method of fitting
the tubes in the interior of said vessels or generators (being screwed into the
oue plate with back jam nut, the other end with screwed ferrule, then both
ends rivetted, and the whole galvanized if approved), which vessels or gas
generators may be made of any shape or form, either combined with a steam

page_text: boiler or used separately, and are fitted with self-acting supply and shut-off
valves, stop-cocks, pressure and level glass ganges, feed injectors, purifiers,
scrubbers, and driers, and when once set to work will continue to work with
little attendance. These fittings or appliances, with the exceptions of novel
self-acting shutt-off valves, scrubbers, and driers, are what are commonly
known in the trade under the same na nos, hence they do not require to be
described; therefore I will at once procced with a description of the novel
exceptions before referred to, namely,first, the self-acting shut-off valves; these
consist of a barrel or cylinder, which I prefer to make inbrass ofthe dimensions
of twelve inches long and one inch indiameter (internal measure), and in this
barrel or cylinder I fit a piston and piston rod, the former encircled with an
india-rubber ring, and the latter passing through the cover of the barrel or
cylinder, the other end diminishing to a quarter-inch tube, screwed at the
smaller end for screwing into the gas generator; and the action is effected by
the gas entering by this small tube and pressing on the other side of the
piston, the upper side of the piston being acted on by a circular spiral spring
of the desired strength for the pressure required, thus moving the piston rod
in or out as the pressure of gas rises or falls in the generator, which rod by a
pivot acts on a common stop-cock, and shuts off or opens the passage of the
pipes through which the steam passes to generate the gas. The feed injectors
which I prefer to use (though I do not claim their use as a peculiar part of
my Invention) are what are commonly known as Gifford's injectors, used in
steam boilers and actuated by the steam, the only difference when used for the
purposes of my Invention being that the action upon them is by gas for
injecting the spirit, oil, tar, or other fatty matter into the gas generator. The
novel scrubbers are vessels (through which the gases pass) filled with sponge,
tan, asbestos, or charcoal, the liquid therefrom being drawn off by a tube.
The novel driers are also vessels (through which the gas passes), to which is
applied fire heat or flames from gas or oil, in order to improve the quality of
the gas.
Secondly, iny Invention consists in the application of gas manufactured as
herein-before described under head firstly, or any other gas for lighting,
cooking, warming, generating of stean, or other purposes, by means of the
suitable apparatus and treatment hereafter described, that is, by the heat of
the flame or flames of gas being expended or applied to the burners, holders,
or conveyance pipes from which the lights or flames are supplied for the
purpose of evaporating any liquid contained therein produced by the con-
densation of the gas, thereby increasing its illuminating, warming, and
generating power. In its particular use in generating steam in boilers I have

page_text: four different modes or methods of application which may be applied to boilers
or generators of steam of all descriptions, whether locomotive, marine, port-
able, or stationary, each style or description of boiler requiring the distribu-
tion pipes to be suitably fitted; the first of these is as follows:-The liquid
is placed in a cistern to which a supply pipe is fitted, through which the
liquid is conveyed to any of the interior parts, surfaces, or tubes of the
boiler in drops, when it is instantly evaporated into gas by the heat of
the steam boiler, and consumed in generating steam, to which a jet or
jets of steam (superheated preferred) may be introduced to prevent smoke
and promote combustion. Second, a light fire of coal, charcoal, wood, or
other combustible material is placed in the furnace or fire-box, supported
by fire-bricks or iron plates, and the liquid dropped thereon, evaporated
thereby, and soon consumed, to which jets of steam may be introduced to
prevent smoke and promote combustion. Third, the liquid is evaporated
into gas in a separate closed vessel or generator by fire heat or flames
from gas or oil, and conveyed in pipes, and consumed in the external or
internal surface of the boiler itself, or the tubes or cones fitted in the
interior thereof, or any or all of these combined, and jets of steam (super-
heated preferred) mixed with the gas previous to its being burned. And in
the fourth, the liquid is evaporated in gas in a separate closed vessel or
generator by steam surface heat (superheated preferred), either applied to the
vessel itself or to coils or tubes of pipe fitted in the interior thereof, or any or
all of these combined, and jets of steam (superheated preferred), either applied
to the vessel itself, or to coils or tubes of pipes fitted in the interior thereof,
and jets of steam mixed with the gas, and distributed in the same manner as
that described as the third mode or method. The requisite amount of atmo-
spheric air to sustain and promote combustion may either be forced in by
force pump and tubes or admitted by suitable apertures or perforations. The
gas manufactured in the manner above described or in any of the modes
described in closed vessels, or gas generated or manufactured in any other
way, or from other liquids or substances in closed vessels, may be used as a
substitute for steam previous to its being burned or consumed in generating
steam in boilers, or lighting, cooking, warming, or other purposes. This use
of the gas can be applied to engines of all descriptions, whether locomotive,
marine, portable, or stationary, and may be made to actuate the piston of a
separate cylinder in a steam engine, or to one side only of the piston, the
other being actuated by steam. In all high pressure engines, whether loco-
motive, marine, portable, or stationary, the heat of the exhaust steam (when

page_text: the said steam is used separately and distinctly from the gas either by separate
cylinders or to one side of the pistons of these) may be utilized in generating
or evaporating the gas by the surface heat thereof being applied to the gas
generators as described under "firstly;" but in condensing engines a jet or
jets of steam from the boiler is required to evaporate the gas. As there is
lubrication in the gas when two cylinders are in an engine, such as loco-
inotives, the piston of the one being propelled by gas and the other by steam,
the pipes may be arranged so that they can supply gas or steam at pleasure for
change, or the one side of each or both pistons may be actuated by gas and
the other by steam.
Thirdly. Another mode or method and means or apparatus for operating
is for the whole of the steam used as a motive power to be conveyed by a
pipe and passed through the spirit, oil, tar, or other futty matter contained in
the gas generator, then used as a motive power previous to its being consumed
or burned in raising steam in the boiler, the heat of the burned gases being
applied to a superheater through which the steam passes before entering the
gas generator containing the spirit, oil, tar, or other fatty matter; or this
mode may be reversed, that is to say, the steam from the boiler in the first
instance is used as a motive power, then superheated and passed through the
spirit, oil, tar, or other fatty matter, thereby producing gas to be consumed in
generating the steam in the boiler; but I consider the former mode will shew
by far the best result, not to speak of the increased duration of the cylinders
aud pistons from lubrication.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and generally
exemplified the manner wherein the same may be performed or put in
practical operation, I now proceed to particularly describe and ascertain by
detailed statements the manner in which the said Invention is to be pec-
formed or carried into practical effect, wherein I shall refer to the
accompanying Drawings by the words, figures, and letters following, that is
to say:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Sheet 1 shews a manner in which old and existing marine engines can be
altered in accordance with my Invention.
Figure I shews a front elevation of boiler with exhaust gas chambers and
connecting pipes with stop-cocks and method of superheating the steam;
Figure 2, longitudinal view shewing elvevation of engine and boiler, gas
generator with its appliances, and exhaust gas chambers and superheating

page_text: tube; Figure 3, plan of engine and boiler and gas generator. The same
letters of reference are used in all the Figures in Sheet 1.
a, a, gas generator; b, b, steam pipe to gas generator with direct branch
and stop-cock (m) to oil; c, c, copper tube from gas generator to high-
pressure gascylinder; d, regulating pressure gas valve apparatus; e, indicating
pressure guage; ff, oil supply pipe from tank; i, i, high-pressure gas
cylinder; jj, exhaust gas pipe with branch and stop-cock to each gas
chamber L fitted in boiler; N, pipe for superheating the steam for gas
generator. The other parts of engines and boilers all belong to the old
system, which in the application are not interfered with.
The mode of action in these is as follows:-To start these engines and
boilers when all is cold a portable steam boiler with fire-box is requisite to
produce gas in the generator,, which gas is conveyed by a direct pipe to
exhaust gas pipe, j, which conveys the gas by branches to the back and
delivers it into chambers L fitted in boiler, which gas escapes from chambers
by perforations over the top or gas burners screwed into the chamber for
combustion, thus raising steam in the boiler, which steam not only propels the
existing engines, but supplies a small portion taken off the main pipe by the
superheating pipe N which passes over the flames of gas above the chamber,
and is then carried to the top steam space of the gas generator a with a
direct branch m to the oil; this superheated steam filling the tubes of the gas
generator, and the oil being outside the tubes thus generates gas by the
surface heat, the condensed water therefrom being drawn off or returned to
the boiler from the under steam space in the generator, and the gas from the
generator is conveyed from the upper portion by the pipe c to the gas engine
cylinder i, and the exhaust gas therefrom is conveyed to the pipe and the
branches to the chambers fitted in boilers and there consumed in generating
steam as before described for propelling the existing condensing engines, which
by this application are not interfered with. These gas engine cylinders may
be applied to the existing engines, shafts, propellors, or paddles in any
other suitable mode, such as on top of existing cylinders by the rods passing
through these or by separate crank with teeth and pinion to existing crank
shaft or any other suitable position. The air requisite for combustion is
supplied through the space between the top of the gas chambers and the
boiler, or forced into this space by force pump if preferred.
Sheet 2 shews my Invention as applied to new marine engines and
boilers.

page_text: and superheater with the exhaust gas pipes and branches; Figure 2, longi-
tudinal view shewing elevation of engines, boilers, steam receiver, superheater,
and gas generator with appliances; Figure 3, plan of engines and boilers,
steam receiver, superheater, and gas generator.
The same letters of
reference are used in all the Figures of Sheet 2.
a, a, a, a, boilers; d, gas generator; b, steam receiver; e, e, engines;
c, superheater; ff. exhaust pipes; g,g, branch gas pipe perforated three feet
at bottom; h, h, self-acting gas regulating valve; i, i, steam pipe from super-
heater to gas apparatus; j, j, oil supply pipe to gas apparatus from oil tank
on which a force pump or Giffard's injector is fitted; k, k, gas pressure pipe
to engine cylinders; l. l. l, apertures for lighting the gas.
The mode of action is as follows:-To start these boilers, engines, and
other parts when all is cold, a portable steam boiler with fire-box is requisite
to produce gas in the generator, from which a direct supply of gas is taken to
the exhaust pipeff, which gas escapes for combustion by perforations (three
feet from the bottom) in the pipe g, thus raising steam in the boilers a, a, a, a,
which steam passes by connecting tubes into the receiver b, and thence into
the superheater c; from this it is conveyed by pipe i, i, to the gas generator ‹,
there passing through the oil and forming a highly combustible gas which is
drawn off by the pipe k, l, to engine cylinders e, e, the exhaust gas from these
cylinders being conveyed by the pipes f, f, and branch pipes 9, 9, and
consumed in the under portion of the boilers as before described. The
engine cylinders may be applied to the propellors or paddles in any other
suitable manner. The air requisite for combustion is supplied by the
apertures, 1,1,1, or forced in by force pump at the engine and connecting pipe,
with branches to enter under each boiler if preferred.
Sheet 3 shews a manner in which old and existing locomotives can be
altered in accordance with my Invention.
Figure 1,elevation of locomotivewith gas generator and appliances thereto;
Figure 2, plan of locomotive with gas generator and appliances; Figure 3,
transverse section of front end of locomotive boiler shewing tubes in gas
generator; Figures 4 and 5, sections of fire-box shewing two arrangements,
the former of perforated plates and the latter upright tubes with perforations
for the escape of the gas for combustion. The same letters of reference are
used for all Figures in Sheet 3.
a,
oil gas generator; b, oil supply tube from tank; c, regulating pressure
gas valve apparatus ; d, d, gas supply pipe to cylinder e; e, gas cylinder;
f, gas exhaust pipe; g, perforated division plate in fire box (Figure 4),

page_text: perforated tubes (Figure 5); h, steam cylinder; i, steam exhaust; j, waste
pipe; , superheated steam tube to gas generator.
The mode of action is as follows:-To start these locomotives when all is
cold another locomotive requires to be brought alongside to fill the boiler with
steam, or a portable steam boiler with fire-box placed on the foot plate with a
connecting tube to the gas generators to produce gas, from which a direct
tube is carried to exhaust pipe f, conveying the gas to the gas chamber
formed in the under portion of the fire-box, which gas escapes by perforations
or gas burners screwed into division plate or upright tubes for combustion to
raise steam in the boiler. The requisite air to promote combustion is
admitted by six pipes passing through the gas chamber and delivering the air
above the division plate or by the fire-door. The steam in the boiler propels
the piston of cylinder 1, the exhaust from which passing upwards by the pipe i
combined with the spent burned gases pass through the tubes of the gas
generator, thus by their combined surface heat producing gas from the oil in
the generator, and when the gas is too abundant the regulating valve
apparatus sends the steam up the waste pipej,the gas is conveyed off from the
top of the generator to the gas cylinder by the pipe d, d, propels the piston
therein, and is thence exhausted into the chamber in the under portion of the
fire-box, escaping by perforations in the division plate or upright tubes, or by
gas burners screwed into these for combustion to raise steam in the boiler;
or in place of taking one of the existing steam cylinders for convertion into a
gas cylinder, this may be allowed to remain, and one or two special gas
cylinders with pistons fitted to any of the unoccupied axles of the engine, or
they may be applied to the tender.
Sheet 4 shews my Invention as applied to new locomotive engines.
Figure 1, longitudinal section of locomotive; Figure 2, front view of loco-
motive; Figure 3, plan view of superheater and gas generators; Figure 4,
half section through boiler shewing gas distributing plate and perforations for
the admission of air to the air space. The same letters of reference are used
in all the Figures in Sheet 4.
A, oil tank; B, oil gas generators; C, oil supply tubes; E, steam boiler;
F, steam tube to superheater; i, steam superheater; j, steam tubes from
superheater to gas generators; k, gas tubes from gas generators to cylinders,
gas cylinders; m, gas exhaust pipes; N, gas chamber; O, gas pipes; p, air
space; 1, gas distributing plate.
The mode of action is as follows:-To start these locomotives when all is
cold another locomotive requires to be brought alongside to fill the boiler

page_text: with steam, or a portable steam boiler with fire-box placed on the foot plate
with a connecting tube to the gas generators B to produce gas, from which a
direct tube is taken to exhaust pipes m, conveying the gas to chamber N,
from which it passes through the pipes O and escapes by perforations on the
return length for combustion, thus raising steam in the boiler E, which steam
passes to superheater by the pipe F; the superheated steam is then con-
veyed by the pipes to the circular tube inside of gas generators perforated on
1op for the escape of the steam through the oil to form the gas on the top of
the oil, which gas is conveyed off by the pipes & to engine cylinders L, L, and
after working the pistons therein is exhausted into chamber N by the pipes m,
and passing through the pipes O inserted in the tubes of the boiler is burned
on the return length therein, as before described, to generate steain in the
boiler. Air is supplied for combustion to air space by the perforations.
Gas valve regulating apparatus, glass level guage, aud indicating pressure
guages are fitted on the gas generators.
Sheet 5 shews a manner in which old and existing stationary engines and
boilers can be altered in accordance with my Invention.
Figure 1 shews an old compound beam engine and boilers altered in
accordance with my Iuvention; Figure 2, longitudinal sectien of boiler with
exhaust gas chamber and superheating steam tube; Figure 3, part plan
and part section of gas generator; Figure 4 shews an old horizontal engine
and boiler altered in accordance with my Invention; Figure 5, gas generator
to be acted on by the exhaust steam if it is a high-pressure steam engine;
Figure 6, steam crane altered according to my Invention; Figure 7, gas
chamber of boiler in steam crane; Figure 8, gas burner which I propose
to use with my apparatus; Figure 9 shows the method of fixing the tubes
in tube plates. The same letters of reference are used for all Figures in
Sheet 5.
A, oil supply tube; B, gas generator; C, regulating self-acting gas
apparatus; D, superheated steam tube to gas generator; F, gas cylinder;
J, exhaust gas pipe to chambers I in boilers; A', top tube plate; B¹, bottom
tube plate.
The method of action is as follows:-To start these altered engines and
boilers when all is cold a small portable steam boiler with fire-box is requisite
with a connecting tube to the gas generator B to produce gas, from
which a direct gas pipe conveys the gas to the exhaust gas pipe J, and passing
through the branch gas pipe enters the gas chambers I, and escapes on the
surface of these chambers by perforators or gas burners screwed into the

page_text: tops of the chambers for combustion, thus raising steam in the boilers, which
steam not only propels the old and existing engines, but a small portion is
taken off by the superheating tube D and conveyed to the top steam space of
the gas generator, and filling all the tubes in the interior thereof, the oil being
outside the tubes generates gas by its surface heat, and a branch admits
steam to the oil direct. The condensed water is drawn off or returned to the
boiler from the under steam space of the gas generator. The gas conveyed
from the generator to the gas engine cylinder by the copper tube E, and after
propelling the piston therein is exhausted by the pipe and branches J into
chambers I fitted in steam boilers for combustion, as before described. The
gas cylinders F may be placed in any other suitable position for existing
engine or erected separately if wished. The air requisite for combustion in
these boilers is either admitted to the space between the top of the chamber
and boiler or forced therein by force pump with connecting tube.
Sheet 6 shews my Invention as developed in new stationury engines and
boilers.
Figure 1 shews a new beam engine and boilers constructed according to
my Invention with steam receiver, superheater, and gas generator applied
thereto; Figures 2 and 3 respectively front view, part in section, and plan
of vertical boilers, steam receiver, and superheater constructed according to
my Invention; Figures 4 and 5 respectively longitudinal section and front
elevation of horizontal boilers, steam receiver, and superheater constructed
according to my Invention.
Figure 6 shews a new horizontal engine and boilers, steam receiver, and
superheater constructed according to my Invention; Figure 7 longitudinal
section of boiler, steam receiver, and superheater.
Figure 8 shews a new agricultural and contractor's engine constructed
according to my Invention, with gas generator and steam superheater applied;
Figure 9, part section of same; and Figure 10, plan of gas generators and
superheater belonging to Figure S. The same letters of reference are used
for all Figures in Sheet 6, which are as follows:-
a, oil gas generator; B, oil supply tube from tank with force pump or
Giffard's injector applied thereto; C, steam superheater; 1), ube from
superheater to gas generator; E, regulating pressure gas valve apparatus;
F, steam boiler; i, steam receiver; g, copper pressure gas tube to cylinder;
k, exhaust gas pipes; L, branch gas pipes perforated three feet from end; M,
gas chamber; N, air force pump and air space with tube to boilers; O,
apertures for lighting the gas or for the admission of air.

page_text: The method of action is as follows:-To start these new engines and
boilers when all is cold a portable steam boiler with fire-box is required with
a connecting steam tube to the gas generator a, to produce gas from which
a direct gas pipe conveys the gas to exhaust gas pipe k, and entering the
branch gas pipes L escapes for combustion by the perforations or burners
close set all round, extending three feet from the end, thus raising steam in
the boilers F, which steam passes into the receiver i by connecting tubes, and
thence into the superheater C; the superheated steam is then conveyed by
the tube D to the bottom of the gas generator a, which tube is connected
with a ring of tube inside perforated on the top for the escape of the steam
through the oil, thus forming a highly combustible gas, which is conveyed by
the tube g to the cylinder of the engine, and after propelling the piston
therein is exhausted by pipe into the branch pipes L for combustion,
as before described. The requisite air to promote combustion is either
forced in by pump N and connecting tube or admitted by perforations or
apertures.
Sheet 7 shews various means of manufacture or production and the burning
of gas according to my Invention.
Figure 1: A, fire-box of locomotive; B, oil tank; C, oil tube from tank to
cross tube and distribution branch tubes perforated; D, steam boiler; E,
fire-door.
Figure 2, mariue boiler: A, furnaces; B, oil tank; C, oil tube from tank
and branch distribution tubes perforated; 1), steam boiler; E, fire-door; F,
gas generator; i, regulating pressure valve apparatus; j, superheating steam
tube and coil, Figure 4; k, indicating pressure guaze.
Figure 3, application to sugar refiners' or brewers' and distillers' coppers,
and other like purposes. A, copper; B, oil tank; C, oil tube from tank to
cross tube with branch tubes perforated; D, D, thin fire of coke, coal,
charcoal, or wood; E, E, fire-grate.
Figure 4, oil gas apparatus for generating by fire heat or portable steam
boiler; Figure 5, oil gas apparatus. A, internal gas chamber; B, superheated
steam coil. A steam chamber may be substituted for A, into which the coil
delivers the steam, and from which the condensed water is drawn off; C,
condensed water tube with receptacle and tube to feed boiler; D, regulating
pressure gas valve apparatus; E, scrubber; F, layers of cloth between
flanges; i, drier to which fire heat or flames are applied.
Figure 6, oil gas tubular apparatus: A, elevation section, and B top
section; C, steam spaces; D, superheated steam tube with regulating gas

page_text: valve apparatus applied; E, condensed water tube; F, scrubber of gas filled
with sponge, charcoal, tanners' bark or asbastos ; i, drier to which fire heat
or flames are applied ; j, layers of cloth between flanges; k, oil supply tube
from tank.
Figure 7, manner of fixing the tubes on top (A¹) and bottom (B¹) tube
plates; Figure 8, tubular gas apparatus and tubular steam boiler combined;
Figure 9, coil gas apparatus and steam boiler combined; Figures 10, 11, and
12, modes of burning the gas for lighting purposes; Figure 13, burner
recommend for use with these apparatus.
The method of action is as follows:-Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 refer to the
foru modes or methods of converting oil into gas, and burning the said gas
specially described in Specification under head "secondly" when the gas is not.
previously made use of by its elasticity or expansion as a motive power. The
other Figures are gas apparatus and improved modes of burning the said
gas specially described in Specification under head "secondly."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention for the manufacture and production of gas from spirit, oil, tar, or
fatty matter of strong generating power, rendering such gas very useful for
raising steam, warming, cooking, and other purposes, and as a motive power
when used as herein-before detailed in the apparatus herein-before described,
that is, to actuate the pistons of power engines, or as a substitute for steam
previous to such gas being burned for any of the preceding or other purposes,
and having particularly described and ascertained in what manner the said
Invention is to be performed or put in practical operation, I hereby declare
that what I claim in respect of the Invention so described and ascertained
has reference to the following matters, namely —
1. The manner of fitting the tubes in the gas generator, the novel self-
acting shut-off valves, scrubbers, and driers, and the use in combination with
these of the feed injector as set forth in these Presents under the head
"firstly," and afterwards described with reference to the illustrative Drawings
accompanying the same Presents.
2. The combined apparatus described under the head "secondly" used for
the application or treatment of gas in the manner described under that head
for lighting, cooking, warming, generating steam, or other purposes, as set
forth in these Presents under the said head "secondly," and as far as the
same may be described with reference to the illustrative Drawings accompany-
ing these Presents.
3. The combined apparatus and treatmentor mode and method of operating
described in these Presents under the head "thirdly," and as far as the same

page_text: may be described with reference to the illustrative Drawings accompanying
*hese Presents.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Salmon, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
A. P. WRIGHT,
21, Cockspur St.,
Charing Cross.
PETER SALMON.
(L.S.)