IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BONE TOOTH-BRUSH-HANDLES AND THE LIKE, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake,
"
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BONE TOOTH-BRUSH-HANDLES AND
THE LIKE, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR"-A communication from abroad
by Alanson Corydon Estabrook, of Florence, Northampton, Massachusetts,
United States of America, Brush Manufacturer.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1882.
33
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BONE TOOTH-BRUSH-HANDLES AND THE LIKE AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR."
A communication from abroad by Alanson Corydon Estabrook, of Florence,
Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America, Brush Manufacturer.
The main objects of this Invention are to produce tooth-brush handles from
bone more economically than has heretofore been possible, and to enable the
production of handles of absolute uniformity in contour or outline, and in the
various styles into which the several variable sections of bone employed are
susceptible of being worked.
The importance of having blanks of such uniform character as will ensure
uniformity of contour in the finished handles, is of great practical importance not
only in the neatness of the finished goods but also during the performance of
certain operations involved in making the handles, as, for instance, it is of special
value while boring and graving the heads for the bristles, because both edge lines
of the head being exactly alike, and symmetrically located with reference. to the
central line of the handle, renders said edges reliable for use as gauging surfaces,
whereby to truly locate the graving lines or slots at the back of the head so that
they will be in exact coincidence with the rows of holes with which said slots
communicate.
In boring and graving as heretofore conducted, the eye of the workman has

page_text: alone been relied upon for describing curves for slotting and boring, and also for
spacing the slots, and rows of holes, and in these final operations, more losses
occur from bad work than from all failures in preceding operations, I obviate
these losses by providing in accordance with my present Invention blanks so
uniform in contour that in finishing, no substantial departure therefrom need ever
occur, and therefore the edge lines are absolutely reliable for gauging surfaces.
.
Heretofore, the working of bone in this branch of the art has mainly been effected
by hand, as with a vice, hand plane, and band rasp, so far as relates to developing
each rough sawed section of bone into the forms desired. It has however, beeri
heretofore proposed and to some extent practised in developing the edges of handles,
to employ a single milling tool, and a form, whose character and mode of operation
will be hereinafter fully described, it being only necessary to here state that
neither the economy nor the important results as to uniformity sought by me,
could be practically attained therewith. The bones deemed most practicable for
the purpose are those from neat cattle, and each animal affords only four bones
which are deemed practically available for the purpose viz:-the right and left
buttock bones, and the right and left leg (or thigh) bones and each of these affords
five cuts or sections suitable for being made into handles. Neither of these bones
can be wholly utilized. From both bones the enlargements at each end are cut.as
waste; the buttock bones have one entire longitudinal cut or section of waste, but
the leg bones although of lesser diameter than the buttock bones are of greater
length, and waste occurs at one or both ends of each longitudinal cut or section
These longitudinal cuts or sections in both bones, partake of irregularities in form
more or less common to both of the original bones, with reference to longitudinal
and peripheral lines, and also with reference to thickness. These irregularities
have largely precluded any method of working other than by hand, it having
heretofore been the custom, with the exception hereinbefore noted, to take up at
random each cut or section of bone, and to plane and rasp it into a form which in
general outline of its back and front would substantially correspond with the
general longitudinal outline of the section, some of them being straight, and others
curved to a greater or lesser degree.-In thus working the bone the eye and skill
of the workman are alone relied upon for developing the form to which each section
of bone is best adapted, and handles from the same workman, developed from the
same particular sections of bone largely vary in their symmetrical character,
although belonging to the same style of handle, and even if any one workman in a
factory should closely approximate to uniformity in the character of work produced
by him there would be noticeable variations between his products and those from
others employed with him, each workman having more or less varying capacities
as to accuracy of eye and skill in the use of hand tools.-The cost of sufficiently
skilled labor to properly perform this work is so great as to result in unsatisfactory
margins of profit in this line of goods.-In practising my invention an important
saving in labor is effected, not only enabling highly skilled workmen to turn out
upwards of twice as much work as they could by hand, but it also permits the
performance of substantially the same work as regards quantity and quality by
workmen of lower grades.
Figures 1 to 19 of the drawings relate to the bones; Figures 20 to 24 relate to
novel sawing mechanism; Figures 25 to 34 relate to milling mechanism; Figures 35
to 40 relate to boring mechanism or apparatus and Figures 41 to 44 relate to
graving or slotting mechanism.
I will first describe the several steps in the blank making process as practised
according to this invention referring to the accompanying drawings, and will
designate as I proceed wherein occur the departures and variations from the
method or methods heretofore practised.
Figures 1, 2 and 3 illustrate a trimmed buttock bone, in side and end views ;
Figure 4 represents a transverse section thereof on the line y, y, Figure 1 and
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 represent the several available cuts or sections of bone in
edge and end views.

page_text: As heretofore, by means of a suitable saw, an initial cut is made dividing the bone
longitudinally. The line on which the said initial cut in this bone is made is
indicated by the dotted lines in Figures 2 and 3 and also in Figure 4. The exact
location of the said initial cut is not material, and it may with substantially the
same results be located between the sections A and B and C and D these sections
being slightly varied at their edges because of the difference in the angle of said
cut. As a rule the initial cut should pass through or adjacent to a certain nerve
hold common to all bones.
Next, as heretofore, each half is divided by sawing the same longitudinally into
three pieces, and of these six one is wasted because of the presence at one end
thereof of a deep rough concavity common to buttock bones. The pieces, cuts, or
sections A, B, C, D and E are all suitable for use, but the piece F because of the
defect at a is considered waste in this connection.
It is obvious that the marrow cells or inner spongy portions b of each section
should be removed in the most expeditious manner, as by sawing for instance, and
this operation has been usually performed preliminary to subsequent operations as
heretofore practised. The inside edges c may in like manner be sawed off, care
being taken not to cut too deeply.
The next step taken is a novel one and is as follows, that is to say,-As
uniformity in outline and symmetrical proportions are sought by me I deem it
important to provide for the ready location of a central longitudinal line in each
section from which to work and this cannot be practically located in each piece
as sawed from the bone because as is indicated in the drawings each piece varies in
width and the sawed edges occupy in cross section lines which are radial from the
centre of the bone or approximately radial thereto. The aforesaid step consists in
reducing each piece to a uniform width and the edges thereof to exactly parallel
planes, and this is preferably done by sawing, the inner side of the piece being
preferably uppermost on the saw-table. In hand operations it has been customary
to laboriously straighten these edges and to remove extraneous portions by the use
of a coarse set hand plane, but when reduced to the proper width the edges except
by the merest accident would not be truly parallel either longitudinally or in cross
section the object heretofore being merely to remove the extraneous bone and to
so straighten the edges that the section can be clamped laterally in a vice while
the rasp is applied first to one side of the section and then to the other. Having
thus provided each piece with exactly uniform parallel edges the central longi-
tudinal line is readily determined even by a comparatively unskilled eye because
the adjacent extraneous portions of bone bave been removed. The next step is
also novel in that instead of working up the edge outline of the blank guided
only by the eye as with the hand-rasp and vice I mill the edges into the desired
longitudinal contour with due reference to the central line of the piece and
corresponding to a predetermined form which varies according to the edge outline
required in the finished handle a desired form of which is indicated in Figure 10
which illustrates a piece of bone as at the end of the step now under consideration.
It will be seen that the edges & are exactly parallel while the outer and inner
sides maintain the variations in surface substantially the same as in the original
bone and differing therefrom only so far as is due to the removal of the extraneous
portions b and c previously referred to. The prior milling operation hereinbefore
briefly referred to was performed in such a manner and by such means as rendered
it practically impossible to secure edge surfaces in parallel planes as will be more
fully explained in connection with the description of my improved milling
mechanism for performing this portion of the work. This parallelism of the edge
surfaces d as illustrated is of great importance in connection with the succeeding
mechanical step. At this stage of the operation I assort the sections according to
their natural characteristics with reference to longitudinal curvature. This
assorting is essential for the best results but considered with reference to its
sequential order in the series of steps it is immaterial so long as it is done prior to
the mechanical step next to be described. It may be done immediately after

page_text: sawing the sections from the original bone or after the parallel sawing or the
milling of the edge outline, I prefer the latter.
I have shown in Figures 11, 12, and 13 a trimmed leg bone in side and end
views and in Figure 14 I have shown a central section of the same on the line xx,
figure 11. In Figures 15 to 19 are shewn in edge and end views the several
sections cut from the said leg bone and trimmed at the ends. This bone is longer
than the buttock bone but usually of lesser diameter and although in this bone
there is no worthless longitudinal section, waste does occur at one or both ends of
each section each being reduced to the requisite length by trimming or "cropping
from one end only as with one section and from both ends with the others varying
according to their longitudinal configuration. The leg bones are divided longitu-
dinally as before described into two parts as on the dotted line Figures 12 and 13
one part affording two and the other three sections.
"
Considered with reference to their natural longitudinal characteristics the
sections from both varieties of bones may be best classified as follows:
First-Such as will only make a straight handle of which section K is a
type, but sections I, D, and L may also be worked straight because of their
thickness.
Second-Such as will only make handles of minor curve, of which sections C
and E are types, but sections I, D, E, and L may also be worked with them.
Third-Such as will only make handles of medium curve, of which sections B
are types, but sections H may also be worked with them.
Fourth-Such as will only produce handles of full curve, of which sections A
and G are types.
Such of the sections as are interchangeable in this classification may be variably
assigned from time to time according to the demand for particular styles.
Having been assorted substantially as indicated I proceed with the next and
last step in producing blanks for handles which step consists in reducing the sides
of the sections of each assorted series to surfaces which are at right angles to the
edges and have a longitudinal contour governed by the longitudinal characteristics
of each particular section or assorted series of sections of bone, thus completing
bone-blanks for tooth-brush handles which may each thereafter be finished up in
any of the various special styles to which said blanks may be best adapted as for
instance with bevelled or with rounded edges or with flat or rounded sides, full on
one or both sides and in these finishing operations no material variations in the
longitudinal outlines of the blank need ever occur. The prior milling operation
herein referred to has always been confined to the alternate development of the
edges of a bone section; but the sides of the blanks or handles have not heretofore
been milled, and that result is based upon the idea of assortment and classification
of the bone sections with reference to their natural longitudinal characteristics,
with a view to working the sides of the handles or blanks, by means of machinery
as distinguished from hand tools.
There is obviously that regular variation in the character of both classes of
bone which is due to their being "right" or "left," but this does not involve any
substantial difference in the several sections cut therefrom, and therefore the
sections are readily recognized, and their classification, as hereinbefore indicated,
readily accomplished.
The mechanism requisite for practising my invention may be considerably
varied, but I will describe certain novel mechanism which I prefer to use for the
purposes indicated.
The preliminary trimming and sawing of the bones into sections is performed at
an ordinary saw-table the saw being specially adapted to the purpose.
The reducing of the edges of the sections to parallel planes may be done on any
saw-table provided with a carriage upon which the section being firmly held may
be carried to and past the saw, or the latter may be of the swinging variety to
operate upon the section while held stationary. The first cut having been made
on one edge, the section may then be turned over, and while evenly held against

page_text: Figure 20 is a side view of a machine constructed according to this
invention and
Figure 21 is a plan of the same.
Figure 22 is a side view of a simpler machine embodying portions of my
invention and,
Figure 23 is a plan of the same.
Figure 24 is a side view of the saws and their arbor detached.
The machine illustrated in Figures 20 and 21 is well adapted to economically
perforin the service intended, and is in part automatic, so far as relates to the
discharge of the bone after it has been sawed.
The saws A are preferably circular in form although reciprocating or jig saws
may be employed in lieu thereof and although the object of the machine is to
make longitudinal or splitting cuts in the bone the saws must have teeth of the
cross cut variety in order to cut smoothly and to be practically durable. Two
saws are employed exactly parallel to each other and arranged at such a distance
apart as will cause them to cut the bone to the width required and leave both
edges thereof in truly parallel planes. They can be variously mounted upon arbors
or shafts but should be capable of adjustment with relation to each other. Each
saw (if circular) may be mounted upon a separate arbor, and their adjustments
effected by means of endwise set screws, carefully centred with relation to the
arbors these being longitudinally movable in their boxes or, as is preferred both
saws may be mounted upon one arbor as illustrated in Figure 24 journalled for its
boxes in which case the saws are spaced or separated by means of a collar a
exactly corresponding in length to the width of cut desired, the adjustment of
the saws with relation to each other being effected by means of collars of various
lengths as is common with gang saws for lumber working.
The great variation in the longitudinal and lateral contour of sections of bone
renders it practically impossible to attain the desired results by sliding the section
of bone on a saw table up to and past a saw, after the ordinary manner of slitting
wood with saws because the bone does not afford the general bed bearing requisite
for that operation and therefore it is essential either that while the bone be
properly held it shall be moved on a carriage up to and past the cutting edges of
the saws or be held stationary and the saws moved to and past the bone as for
instance with saws mounted at the lower end of a pendant frame as single saws
have heretofore been employed for the cross cut sawing of boards. An essential
feature in my machine is a clamping device which can securely hold the bone
sections during the sawing operation; this cannot be successfully done, because of
their variable contour by engagement with the inner and outer sides thereof and
as the edges are to be removed by the sawing operation the clamp cannot engage
therewith. It is also essential that the clamping device be capable of occupying
the space between the saws whether the bone be carried to the saws, or the saws
moved toward and past the bone. The limited lateral dimensions of the bone
when sawed necessarily limit the area of holding surface and the irregular contour
of the bone limits the holding surfaces to the two ends thereof. I have therefore
devised the clamp B embodying a base 6 a fixed abutment c a sliding bolt consti-
tuting a movable abutment d and a lever e linked as at e¹ to the movable
abutment d, for moving it toward and away from the fixed abutment. The
engaging faces of these abutments are sharply serrated so that they may puncture
and thereby be firmly embedded in the ends of a bone section inserted longitu-
dinally between them and both abutments are elevated above the upper surface of
the bed so that the bone will not come in contact therewith and prevent its being
clamped in a proper position for sawing.
In the machine organized as in Figures 20 and 21 I have shewn a series of
clamp bases b hinged or linked together after the manner of an endless chain, and

page_text: mounted on wheels or drums b¹ which when rotated cause the said bases to con-
tinuously pass between the saws in one direction guides therefor adjacent to the
saws enabling them to accurately maintain their proper position centrally between
the said saws and to prevent the bone-dust from interfering with their being
properly bedded in their guides, each base has angular recesses 62 on its under side
one edge of which serves to scrape and keep the bed-guide free from dust. Beneath
the clamping levere is a strong spring. which normally maintains the outer end
of the lever in an elevated position and the clamp in its closed or engaging position.
At the rear of the machine and below the axis of the rear drum b' is a stationary
rod which occupies such a position, with relation to the periphery of the said
drum, and the clamps passing over it that when the levers e pass the said rod the
said levers by contact there with are forced toward the drum against the action
of their springs thus automatically opening the clamps. Near the outer side of
each saw is an inclined plane or spout g upon or into which the refuse pieces of
bone fall when sawed off and down which they slide through holes g¹ in the top
of the saw table h.
In sawing bone a comparatively slow feed is desirable and when operated at the
highest speed practicable, this machine is readily supplied with bone by the
operator standing in front of the front drum b¹. When a clamp arrives at its
vertical position on the drum, the right hand of the attendant is placed upon the
lever thereof to open the clamp, the bone held in the left hand is then placed with
one end properly against the serrated abutment d and the opposite end of the bone
in line with the fixed abutment c; the lever is then carefully permitted to rise
until an engagement is assured between the bone and the fixed abutment where-
upon it is desirable that the lever be forced outward by the hand to obtain a firmer
engagement with the bone than the spring alone might be capable of effecting.
When attended by an experienced attendant each clamp may be thus supplied, and
if by one less experienced, the clamps may be alternately employed. The automatic
discharge of the bone from the clamps enables the attendant to devote exclusive
attention to filling the clamps but the machine may be profitably operated if the
clamps are wholly worked by hand.
In Figures 22 and 23 a much simpler machine is shewn having a lesser capacity
than the more complex machine already described. It embodies saws A as before
described and a clamp composed of a base, raised abutments and operating lever,
but instead of a series of clamps but one is employed which is reciprocated
longitudinally. The base denoted by the letter in this case us in the other
machine serves as a sliding carriage and consists of a long sliding bar fitted in
suitable guides which ensure its accurate location with reference to both saws
while being reciprocated between them.
'
The lever spring may or may not be employed in this case, but its presence is
not so important as in the other machine because in this machine the hand of the
attendant need never be removed from the lever that serving not only as a
handle to the clamp but also as a handle for moving the clamp to and fro. The
lifting of the lever sets the clamp firmly, and an upward pressure may be main-
tained thereon by the hand of the tender while the clamp is being moved forward
with the bone for sawing, thus causing a portion of the longitudinal pressure
requisite for sawing to increase the holding capacity of the clamp the base bar i
being confined by the front guide . from rising during the application of the
combined lifting and forward pressure indicated.
I have so constructed and arranged the lever e the sliding bolt & and link e¹ that
the latter is subjected to no strain under the final clamping pressure, because when
the rear end of the lever is fully elevated, it presents an abutting surface directly
against the adjacent end of the sliding bolt d, and this involves as a desirable
measure bone sections to be sawed which are substantially of the same length, and
this is readily provided for in trimming or "cropping" the sections-Although I
have described the abutment c as "fixed" it will be understood that it is capable
of a fixed adjustment longitudinally upon its base.

page_text: It is deemed best that the bone clamp should be moveable with reference to the
saws, but I do not limit myself thereto and while I prefer the sliding base as shown
I do not limit myself to that particular construction for the reason that I am well
aware that approximately as good results may be obtained if the clamp bed be
located at the lower end of a pendant frame limited by suitable guides so as to be
swung by hand to and fro beneath the saws with a movement substantially corre-
sponding to that of the sliding clamps illustrated because the axis of the pendant
frame if located at a proper distance above the saws, would enable the clamp to
move in the arc of a large circle so that its path would deviate but little from a
horizontal plane.
My improved bone milling machine embodies a pair of rapidly rotating milling
heads, bodily moveable independently towards and from each other, a bone
clamping device, and predetermined forms which cause the heads to be moved
in harmony with the movements of the clamp the said clamp and forms being
mounted upon a sliding carriage which moves in a plane at right angles to the
axes of the milling heads
Referring to Figures 25 to 34 of the drawings.
Figure 25 is a perspective view of a machine constructed according to this
invention and
Figure 26 is a transverse vertical section of the same on the line * *
Figure 25.
Figure 27 is a plan or top view of the said machine with the clamping carriage
or slide removed.
Figure 28 is a view of the underside of the clumping slide or carriage disclosing
a pair of edge "forms."
Figure 29 is a plan or top view of a pair of "forms" for developing the sides
of a bone blank.
Figure 30 represents in several views a bone section as prepared on the sawing
machine in readiness to be operated upon in my improved milling machine.
Figure 31 represents in edge view cross section and top view one form of blank
for a tooth brush handle as produced by my machine.
Figure 32 is a side view of a portion of the clamp bed and the clamping fingers
detached.
Figures 33 and 34 represent a plan and side view of one of my milling machines
modified as to the mounting of the milling head spindles.
The frame A should be strongly constructed and so arranged as to permit the
proper mounting thereon of the operative mechanism substantially as indicated in
the drawings.
The main shaft a has a driving pulley and a drum from which the vertical
milling spindles b are driven by belting. The milling heads B have cutting edges
similar to those employed in heads for milling metals, but unlike such heads my
improved heads are composed of unhardened steel.
For milling the heads of blanks, the heads are preferably made twice as long as
is necessary for cutting in order that when one end is dulled the head may be
turned bottom upward and placed upon the opposite spindle and its opposite end
used thus lessening the labour of sharpening as compared to sharpening heads
only long enough to perform the required cutting service, it requiring but little
more labor and time to sharpen the long head than it would the short one. For
milling the sides of the blanks the heads are preferably some-what larger in
diameter than those for milling edges and of less length, because they approach
more closely to each other in reducing the thickness of the blank.
It is essential that the rapidly revolving heads should be capable of independent
movement toward and from each other and this capacity may be provided for in
various ways. As shown in Figures 25 and 26 the vertical milling spindles b are
long and are mounted in step boxes c which are pivoted to a cross bar in the lower
portion of the frame to permit the upper ends of the spindles to move to and fro
in a plane at right angles to the pivots. The upper boxes d are in like manner

page_text: pivoted as at d³ to sliding blocks e which are accurately fitted to transverse guides e
beneath the top of the frame; each sliding block has a vertical stud which
projects upward through a slot f¹ in the top of the frame. The studs f are crank-
shaped and capable by means of a shoulder thereon and a nut, of a fixed rotative
adjustment in the sliding blocks whereby the said studs may be adjusted from
time to time to compensate for the reduction in the diameters of the milling heads
incident to their wear when in use. This adjustability of the connection between
the milling heads and the "forms" hereinafter described for controlling them
constitutes an important feature of this invention.
It is important that the cutting faces of the two milling heads should be
practically parallel with each other during their cutting operation and as their
requisite range of movement is comparatively limited it is found that good results
may be obtained with the spindles thus pivoted, provided the spindles be of such
length between their steps and the upper boxes that their variation from a
perpendicular line will be so slight as to not materially affect the parallelism of the
cutting faces in any of their working positions. Instead of this method of mounting
the spindles each may be made quite short and provided either with a long box
rigidly attached to the sliding blocks e or with upper and lower boxes respectively
secured rigidly to the said blocks and to rigid brackets depending therefrom. In
this case however the said blocks should be proportionally heavy and the guides
should be of such a character as would serve to not only guide, as with the pivoted
steps, but also to actually support the spindles and their heads.
The milling heads are controlled with reference to their cutting action by
predetermined "forms" which although always corresponding to the longitudinal
contour of a tooth brush blank, are variably designed according to the character of
work desired. For developing the longitudinal edge contour of the bone blank
the "forms" are right and left hand duplicates and cause the heads to so approach
and separate from each other as to produce the proper outline on the edges of the
bone blank making both of them exactly alike, and truly located with reference to
the longitudinal central line of the bone section.
For developing the upper and lower sides of the blank the "forms" may or may
not be duplicates. If the blank is to be curved and of uniform thickness throughout,
the two forms would be equally curved, and if the curved blanks were to be thicker
at one end than at the other, the "forms" would be similarly curved but not
placed parallel with each other. If one side of the blank is to have a different
curvature to the other, the forms would correspondingly differ; and so on according
to the particular circumstances in each case. Although it is preferable to have
machines in sufficient number to require no changing of the "forms" I will describe
this machine as arranged for use with "forms" of various kinds.
"
The longitudinal movement of a bone section between the milling heads is
preferably accompanied by an exactly corresponding movement of the "forms
and therefore the sliding carriage or bed C is relied upon for carrying both the
bone and the "forms." This carriage is a rectangular frame provided with vertical
handles g, and it is moved forward toward the cutters by means of a treadle h
connected to said slide by means of bands or straps h¹ h³ and a shaft at ³ and its
pulleys and is moved rearward by the handles which may alone be relied upon for
that service, or a strap, pulley, and weight may be employed in lieu thereof in an
obvious manner.
The sides of the carriage are limited to truly longitudinal movements by side
guides on the top of the frame. The vertical studs f of the sliding blocks e
project upward within the spaces bounded by the guides so that they occupy
proper relations to the forms k which are secured to the lower surfaces of the
sides i or in recesses provided therein to receive them. The "forms" k see
figure 28 are adapted for edge work and are therefore right and left hand duplicates
and the forms see figure 29 are adapted for side work in developing the upper
and lower sides of one variety of bone-blank.-It is desirable that adjustable
means should be provided for securing the "forms" to the carriage to admit of

page_text: their accurate adjustment in each case, but when separate machines are employed
for each variety of "form" the matter of adjustability is of little consequence as
between the forms and the carriage because the outer sides of the "forms" may be
parallel and require only plain recesses in the carriage for their reception and for
securing them therein screws may be relied upon.-As a rule however the sides i
of the carriage should be made adjustable with reference to each other and the
guides should be adjustably mounted on the frame and the studs f rendered
adjustable as before described, in order to readily compensate for wear from time
to time and thereby insure accurate operation under all circumstances.
"
The "forms" shewn consist of narrow plates of steel or iron longitudinally
slotted in the lines desired and the studs f project into these slots so that the
movement of the heads in both directions is positively assured by alternate contact
of the opposite sides of the studs with the opposite sides of the slots.-It is not
essential that the said "forms" should be slotted for either side surface of the said
slots may be relied upon for exactly assuring the proper variable relations of the
said heads to each other in cutting and springs may be employed for maintaining
continuous contact of the studs with their "forms" as for instance if only the
outer guiding surfaces of my "forms" were used springs or weights straps and
pulleys would be requisite for maintaining the studs in contact therewith, or in
other words, for separating the heads; and if on the other hand the inner guiding
surfaces were only employed they would require springs or weights for keeping the
studs in contact with the guiding surfaces and forcing the milling heads to their
work and although I do not wish to exclude myself from using this latter
arrangement in a double head machine it is deemed undesirable because the milling
heads if operating upon a thick hard section of bone would be forced inwardly by
the springs with no more force than if the bone were thin and soft and such
variations not only exist but a bone has sometimes hard and soft spots and
therefore when springs are thus relied upon the milling heads are liable to vary in
their operation. By having both movements of the heads positively controlled by
the "forms" and said "forms" connected with the carriage bed the movements of
the heads are always in exact accord with the feeding movement of the bone to
the heads and although I prefer the "forms" slotted as shewn I do not limit
myself thereto.
The irregularity in the contour of the bone sections and the fact that in working
the sides thereof the milling heads approach each other quite closely and that the
bone is passed between the heads together with the fact that the bone must be
securely held during the milling operation, must all be considered in connection
with a clamping device suitable for the purpose and said clamping device may be
variably constructed but the clamp D has been devised with special reference to
the conditions stated, although I do not limit myself thereto.-This clamp has a
base m, which is secured to the two ends of the sliding carriage C and occupies
the space between the head spindles a little below the heads so as to permit them
to pass over the top edges thereof. The irregular contour of the bone sections
will not admit of the use of an extended supporting bed and therefore I provide
two vertical beds m¹ mounted centrally on the base m and say four or five inches
apart. These beds are thinner than the base and thinner than the thinnest bone
blank desired and they are provided with sharply serrated faces for firmly engaging
with the bone.
At the two ends of the base m there is supported a parallel top bar m³ upon
which is rigidly mounted a vertical clamping screw n to the upper or threaded
portion of which a hand wheel or a lever nut o is fitted so as to bear upon the
centre of a rock-bar p which is loosely mounted upon the rigid screw n.-At each
end of the said rock-bar a pendant clamping rod or finger q is pivoted; each of
these rods or fingers passes downward loosely through the top bar m³ so that each
rod or finger is in line with its respective bed m' and between the said top bar,
and the rock-bar p each rod or finger is encircled by an expansive spiral spring
having bearings upon the cross bar. These springs serve to lift the rock bar and

page_text: fingers when permitted to do so by the nut-lever and in clamping they also enable
either of the fingers to be depressed further than the other finger without affecting
the clamping power of the said nut-lever. This construction of the clamp enables
a bone section, however irregular in contour or thickness it may be, to be firmly
clamped between the ends of the rods or fingers 9 and the beds m', The faces of
the fingers are also sharply serrated and they correspond with the beds m' in
thickness so as to offer no obstruction to the requisite inward movement of the
milling heads. Although I prefer to use the clamping screw and nut-lever as
shewn for depressing the rock bar the said rockbar may be otherwise depressed,
as for instance by a camlever, pivoted to a vertical rod, in place of the screw n,
the cam-face of the lever having bearings upon the rock-bar and I therefore do
not limit myself to the screw and nut-lever except as hereinafter indicated.
The milling heads when worked to the best advantage should not be caused to
cut too deeply. In working the sides of bone-blanks the cutting is never too heavy
but in working the edges of bone sections directly as cut from the original bone,
for instance the extraneous quantity of bone would be generally too great for one
pair of milling heads to cut at one passage, and in such case another pair of milling
heads may be profitably employed in this machine placed in front of those shown
and mounted in fixed boxes at such distance apart as will insure in the working of
the edges such a lateral reduction of the sections as will enable them to be properly
worked by the moveable heads.
When however the bone-sections are thus worked it is extremely difficult to
locate a section in the clamp with reference to its true longitudinal central line,
owing to its variations in width and in the angles of its edges and therefore
I prefer that the bone-sections be first reduced to parallelism and that both
edges shall occupy parallel planes so that the true central line may be accurately
determined in clamping the section for proper presentation to the milling heads,
and so that each head having substantially the same work to perform (especially
in working edges) neither will have any undue tendency to move the bone
laterally in the clamp.
In working the previously prepared sections as preferred according to this
invention a gauge can be profitably employed for readily locating each section in
the clamp the said gauge being properly set for contact with one of the parallel
edges of the section. This gauge can be variously constructed but it must meet
the following peculiar conditions that is to say it must cooperate with a sliding
clamp and of necessity must therefore occupy a line which if projected would pass
through one of the milling heads and therefore said gauge must be in working
position when the clamp is ready to receive a section of bone and it must not
obstruct the carriage during its forward movement, nor come in contact with the
milling head.
The gauge E has been specially devised for this purpose but I do not limit
myself to the employment of such a gauge.-The said gauge is automatic in its
operation being connected to and moving with the carriage in such a manner that
when the said carriage is drawn fully to the front the said gauge occupies its true
position with reference to the clamp, and when the carriage is moved forward the
said gauge swings outwardly and passes at its outer end beyond and to the outside
of the adjacent milling head. When constructed as shewn in the drawings the said
gauge has the form of a bell-crank-lever provided on the top of its long arm with
ears or lugs transversely bored and tapped for the reception of horizontal gauge-
screws 8; the heads of these screws constitute the contact points with which the
edge of the bone-section is to engage. The said bell-crank-lever is pivoted at its
angle as at t to the under side of the end of the carriage; its vibrating movements
are effected by a vertical stud that the end of the frame of the machine for
throwing the gauge into working position when the rear edge of the short arm
of the lever is brought into contact therewith, and by a curved surface at t³
on the side of the adjacent carriage guide i¹ against which the said short arm
bears at its end for throwing the gauge out of working position and out of line

page_text: with the adjacent milling head as the carriage advances. It is obviously important
that when the gauge occupies its gauging position it should be rigidly held against
lateral displacement, and this is provided for by arranging the front end of the
curved surface in such relation to the vertical stud t that the end of the short
arm will when the slide is drawn fully forward be confined between the said
stud, and the front end of the plate which affords the curved surface &³ and the
end . It is not necessary that the gauge should move forward with the carriage
so long as it offers no obstruction to the forward movement of the same and if the
gauge should be moved in a vertical plane it would act advantageously; this can
readily be provided for by mounting the said gauge at its rear end upon a
horizontal rock-shaft and providing the said shaft with a pinion adapted to
engage with a rack bar depending from the lower side of the base m of the
clamp and various other constructions can readily by devised, although I prefer
that shewn and described.
The mode of working the machine will require but little additional description.
A bone section having been properly located by the gauge is securely clamped; the
carriage is then moved forward by the pressure of the foot upon the treadle,
presenting the bone longitudinally to the milling heads which move toward and
from each other in exact harmony and are proportioned in said movements to the
rapidity of movement by the slide. The bone having been carried beyond the
heads the slide is then moved rearward and the blank removed from the clamp,
the gauge meantime swinging outwardly and then returning to its proper position.
In figures 33 and 34 I have shewn a milling machine wherein the milling head
spindles are not pivoted as above described but are mounted in vertical boxes and
steps at the ends of sliding blocks, the latter being as above described moved
toward and from each other by the clamping carriage and forms. The letters of
reference employed on these figures are the same as those employed in figures 25
to 28 in designating corresponding parts.
The machine heretofore employed for milling the edges of bones and herein before
referred to embodied a single milling head on a horizontal arbor mounted in a
vertically sliding frame. Beneath the said arbor and the head it had a sliding
carriage travelling at right angles to the Arbor and carrying a clamp which engaged
laterally with the side of a bone-section when placed therein. Between the clamp
and the vertically sliding frame was a one sided "form" standing edgewise and
upon the edge of this "form" the vertically sliding frame, the head and its arbor
were supported by means of a laterally projecting stud provided with a friction-roller
bearing on the "form." In this machine the milling head in cutting rested upon
the bone except when supported by the "form" and therefore as practically worked
the lines cut thereby varied more or less according to the dullness and sharpness of
the headcutters the variable density of different parts of the same bone or of
different bones, and the variable bulb of extraneous bone due to the different
widths of the bone sections as well as to their great variations in thickness.-One
edge having been worked in the said machine the bone is turned over for
presenting its opposite edge but when finished the edges are not uniform nor in
cross section do they occupy parallel planes, because the clamp employed in the
said machine was so constructed and arranged that it tilted the bone one way or
the other by reason of the irregular contour of its sides against which the clamp
engaged, and the said clamp was incapable of so clamping the bone that it could
rest flatly on the previously worked edge.
It is to be understood however that so far as my knowledge extends I am the
first to ever mill the sides of tooth-brushes, as well as the first to proceed by the
method thus far described of working bone into blanks for tooth-brush-handles,
involving the use of mechanism for parallel sawing and for milling the edges and
sides of the bone sections accompanied by the preliminary assortment of the said
sections as described.
The simultaneous development of the longitudinal contour at both edges of the

page_text: section is of great practical value on the score of economy, but I do not limit
myself thereto.
The blanks of whatever variety they may be being absolutely uniform, enables
them to be readily worked throughout the various subsequent finishing operations
without liability of affecting the uniformity of the finished handles as for instance
in chamfering or bevelling the edges of the handle or in rounding them, they can
while held by the head thereof be passed each edge at a time in contact with a
milling head formed for effecting the finishing cuts desired and thereby develop a
uniform cut on both edges and the same is true of the subsequent grinding opera-
tions because whatever extraneous bone there may be in the blank is distributed
with uniformity throughout when it has been developed at the sides and edges in
accordance with my invention with due reference to its true central line and such
line having been located with due reference to the main bulk of each section, all
waivy edges and imperfections in the bone are assuredly worked out with the
extraneous portions.
A bone-blank for tooth-brush-handles as produced in accordance with my inven-
tion, differs from a piece of bone worked as heretofore into the same general form
in that its sides and edges are truly rectangular, and also in that the longitudinal
contour of either edge is the exact reverse counterpart of the other and so far as I
am aware blanks substantially of this character have never been heretofore known
as an article of manufacture, but have only occurred during the working of each
section of bone into its ultimate condition. According to this invention it will be
practicable to produce blanks with comparatively unskilled labor in localities
relied upon largely for the bone supply and thus to obviate much of the cost
incurred in transportation especially from remote localities beyond the range of
cheap transportation.-Moreover blanks may be very cheaply produced by my
method directly from comparatively green bone, and being treated with any suit-
able preservative not detrimental to their color they can be seasoned with great
rapidity and with less liability of injury in seasoning than the original bone.
After the handle-blanks have been produced as described it is obvious that the
polishing thereof can be conducted as heretofore with no liability of materially
departing from the outlines of the blank in each case; such polishing operations
need not be herein described as they only involve the use of well known polishing
tools and materials.
After polishing the blanks are next bored and then as a final operation they
are graved or slotted at their backs in lines coincident with the rows of bristle-
holes.
In figures 35 to 40 I have shewn novel mechanism for boring the blanks.
Although brush boring machines embodying more or less of the several features
of this branch of my invention may be profitably employed in the general service
indicated I have devised the same for special service in connection with the
manufacture of tooth-brush-handles composed of bone or ivory.
So far as my knowledge extends the boring of tooth-brush-handles has hereto-
fore always been performed by means of a machine embodying a single drill
against which the handle is forced by hand and the eye of the workman has been
alone relied upon for locating the rows of holes with reference to the edges of the
brush-head for spacing the rows of holes and also spacing the holes in each row
and therefore this operation has heretofore been comparatively slow and expensive,
and the character of this line of work has been variable, and worthless or objec-
tionable in proportion to its variability. If the rows be irregular as to spacing
between the rows and also as to line, the graving or slotting subsequently per-
formed for the reception of the bristle-wires in the back of the brush-head fails in
proper coincidence with more or less of the said holes and when the bristles are
mounted the brush is deficient in that uniformity which is essential to a neat
finish. During this boring operation considerable loss has heretofore been expe-
rienced from faulty and irregular boring by even skilled workmen and as this
operation is next to the last one in the finishing of the handles a badly bored head

page_text: results in a loss of the material, and of the labor previously expended upon the
handle.
In this branch of the manufacture of tooth-brushes I believe I am the first to
successfully employ more than one drill for simultaneous action and the first
to organise with one or more drills mechanism which is so far automatic in its
action as to place the operation of boring tooth-brush-heads readily within the
capacity of persons not previously skilled therein as heretofore practised, and to
obviate the necessity for constant calculation by the eye as to spacing thus greatly
reducing the cost of this line of work both as to rapidity in execution and
character of labor employed and at the same time with greatly improved results
and a minimum of losses from bad drilling. These improvements have been
rendered possible by reason of the improvements made according to this inven-
tion in the manufacture of tooth-brush-handles whereby handles are produced with
such uniformity in contour and with heads of such dimensions that the edges
thereof may be safely relied upon as guaging surfaces for accurately mounting the
heads in a machine preparatory to its automatic operation.
My improved boring machine is illustrated in Figures 35 to 40 of the accom-
panying Drawings in which
Figure 35 is a perspective view of the said machine and
Figure 36 is a front elevation of the same.
Figure 37 is a plan or top view of the clamping bed detached.
Figure 38 is a vertical central section of the lower portion of the machine on a
line from the front to the rear of the same.
Figure 39 is an inverted view of the lower part of the machine detached from
the standard.
0
Figure 40 is a horizontal section of the said machine on the line xx Figure 36.
The frame of the machine may be of any desired form but as shown in the
drawings it consists of a bedplate A slotted at a and provided with holes by which
it may be securely fastened with screws or bolts to a bench or table and a vertical
standard A. rigidly mounted inidway near the rear edge of the said bed-plate.
Upon the said standard A¹. projecting toward the front are brackets b whereon are
mounted the vertical drill-arbors o which are provided with grooved pulleys c¹. In
the lower bracket b there are suitable brass boxes and in the upper bracket there
are cylindrical blocks c. adjustably secured to the bracket by set screws; these
blocks at their lower ends are drilled for the reception of the upper ends of
the aforesaid drill arbors c and serve as upper boxes therefor. The lower end
of each arbor is screw-threaded for receiving drill-chucks c. tapped to correspond
with the threaded arbors. Both of the brackets are capable of vertical
adjustment on the standard A¹. each bracket having a set screw for securing it in
position so that the drills and their arbors may be set at any desired vertical
adjustment.
The standard A. also supports a bed-bracket B extending horizontally towards
the front; this bracket is also rendered vertically adjustable on the standard and.is
provided with a set screw b'. Upon this bed-bracket the clamping bed C is mounted
and also the mechanism by which it is properly moved to and fro horizontally
beneath the drills d in two directions and by which it is also raised to the drills
and lowered therefrom. Although I prefer to use two drills as shown, I do not
limit myself thereto except as hereinafter indicated for the reason that a single
drill may be profitably employed with certain features of my invention for enabling
the boring operation to be performed by comparatively unskilled labor, more rapidly,
better, and with less loss than heretofore. More than two drills may also be
employed without departing from the spirit of my invention, but it is found that
two drills are more conveniently operated than a greater number, because of the
limited area for operation afforded by a tooth-brush-head. In working with two
drills it often occurs that one drill must occupy a previously drilled hole while the
other is drilling, and this is done without any liability of deforming the previously
drilled hole, because as hereinafter shown, the clamp which holds the handle is

page_text: accurately moved step by step and because the space between the drills is accurately
divided between a certain number of holes and also because the said clamp whether
moved in a straight or a curved line always so presents a handle to the drills that
the line occupied by the row of holes is truly coincident with both drills.
g
The bedbracket B has in it a longitudinal slot occupied by the vertical rectangular
stem e of the clamping bed C and at the lower end of the said stem is a box e'.
occupied longitudinally by a cam-shaft suspended from the bed-bracket by a
hanger f¹ at each end thereof; on one end of the said cam-shaft is a hand-lever
provided near the said cam-shaft with an arm f2. and a set-screw f³. so that as the
said lever is moved to and fro, the clamp-bed Ċ is raised and lowered by the cam-
shaft in contact with the box el. and the set screw f³. by abutting with its head
on the upper surface of the bed-plate A during the forward movement of the said
lever, limits the height to which the said clamp-bed may be thus lifted, and thereby
controls the depth of holes bored in a brush-head properly mounted upon the said
clamp-bed; the depth of such holes may be varied by the adjustment of the said
set screw f in the arm f-Between the clamp-bed C and the upper surface of the
bed-bracket B is a thin guard plate B., surrounding the stem e of the bed C and
moving therewith; this plate covers the slot in the bed-bracket and prevents the
bone-dust and dirt from falling downward into the said slot. The front and rear
edges of the said guard-plate are provided with edge-guides secured to the bracket B
which guides lap over upon the said plate, and prevent it from rising when the
clamp-bed C is lifted. The said guard-plate B. also serves as a broad bearing
between the clamp-bed and the bracket B the said clamp-bed resting upon the said
plate during its sliding movement. The hand-lever also imparts to the clamp-
bed its longitudinal movements in a line with the two drills & but this motion of
the clamp-bed is effected step by step with such accuracy of movement as to
properly space the holes in any one line and the same vibratory movement of
the said lever g results in moving the clamp-bed in either direction whether from
right to left hand or the reverse thereof.
These movements are effected by the following mechanism that is to say:-The
steme of the clamp-bed C has above the box e'. (surrounding the cam-shaft) and
on its front side a rack bar h fitted at its upper edge to a guiding groove in the
under side of the bed-bracket. This rack-bar has on its outer side square edged
teeth with which the two teeth of a triangular pawl h¹ alternately engage
according to the direction in which the clamp-bed is to be moved. The pawl h' is
pivotally mounted upon a pawl-bar i arranged in slide bearings in the underside
of the bed-bracket B. The outer end of the said pawl is pointed evenly with
reference to a central line passing through its pivot and is under the control of a
spring-latch, mounted horizontally upon the outer end of an arm attached to
and projecting outwardly from the pawl-bar i. The said pawl has a handle 2 by
which it may be vibrated for placing either of the faces at its point in contact with
the spring-latch . and thus cause either of its teeth to engage with those on the
rack-bar.
The pawl-bar i is moved longitudinally in one direction by means of the
expansive spiral spring connected at one end to the underside of the bed-bracket
and at its opposite end to. the pawl-bar above the pawl. Against the said pawl-
bar at its outer end there also bears a flat spring which is merely auxiliary to
the spring ²; either of these springs may be dispensed with if the other is of
proper strength and reliability. The aforesaid pawl-bar is moved longitudinally
in the opposite direction by the hand-lever g acting to partially rotate the cam-
shaft upon which near the said hand-lever is a rounded arm or lever g¹ projecting
to the front and in the vertical plane occupied by an inclined cam-face on the
inner side of pendant portion of the pawl-bar i at its outer end; this arın g¹.
passes into the recess a in the bed-plate, when the lever g is thrown toward the
front of the machine. The pawl-bar is limited as to its inward movement by a
stop pin which bears against the end of the bed-bracket and the outward move-
ment of the said bar although it should never be less than the space of one tooth

page_text: of the rack-bar, may be increased by means of an arm g³. which projects rearwardly
from the said lever g near the cam-shaft and is provided with a set-screw g³. at its
outer end; the head of this screw by abutting against the upper surface of the
bed-plate A limits the rearward movement of the lever and by the adjustment
of this set-screw the outward movement of the said pawl-bar may be varied.
From the above description it will be readily understood that if the lever g be
vibrated to and fro with the pawl so set that its spring-latch engages with one
face at the point thereof, the clamp-bed will be moved for instance toward the
lever g and that when the said latch abuts against the opposite face of the said
pawl the same vibrations of the lever g will cause the clamp-bed to be moved in
the opposite direction, step by step, one tooth of the rack bar at a time or to a
greater extent if the pawl bar be moved to a greater degree than is necessary for
the one tooth movement. Now when it is understood that the distance moved by
the clamp-bed is equal to the desired space between the holes to be bored it will
be obvious that the holes will be properly spaced and exactly in line with each
other whether in a straight line or in a curved line as also provided for by this
invention and that the drilling may proceed by moving the bed in one direction
for one row of holes and by moving the bed back in the opposite direction for
another row, provision being duly made for properly spacing the rows. Although
the double acting hand lever is deemed a desirable medium for lifting the clamp, I
do not preclude myself from employing a treadle for that purpose or for the
equivalent lowering of the drill spindles to a clamp having no vertical movement.
In either case a spring or springs can be successfully employed to work oppositely
to the treadle and the said treadle being provided with an adjustable stop for
precisely limiting the upward movement of the clamp or the downward movement
of the drills the same accuracy of operation would be involved as to the depth of
hole bored. Neither do I preclude myself from employing a treadle for imparting the
step by step movement to the clamp-bed because with two treadles alternately
operated, precisely the same movement can be readily obtained, leaving both hands
of the attendant free to manipulate the double acting pawl and the hand-lever.
It will also be readily understood that mechanical power may be profitably
employed for actuating the lever g or the treadles as suggested, it only being
necessary in that case to use well known means for readily throwing the mechanism
into and out of gear.
The upper portion of the clamp-bed C is complex in its construction and
embodies a transverse sliding plate fitted between suitable side guides k., a
horizontal band lever k³. pivoted at one end to an arm on the clamp-bed and linked
at ³ to the front end of the sliding plate . Upon the top of this sliding plate is
a horizontal swivelled clamp-plate pivotted at the rear of its centre to the sliding
plate at . so that it is free to swing to and fro in a horizontal plane. Pivoted
upon the top of this clamp-plate is a horizontal cam-lever m located opposite the
centre of a vertical clamping flange m², preferably cut away centrally so as to be
readily engaged laterally either by the curved or the straight edge (as the case
may be) of a brush-handle head. The said flange m'. is therefore really in two
parts separated by the said open space. The cam-lever m. and the said divided
flange or flanges m². constitute a clamp which when used for clamping handle-heads
of uniform contour and dimensions, will clamp them all precisely alike, and present
all in precisely the same manner to the drills. This clamp may be constructed in
various ways but it is important that it should engage edgewise with the head of a
handle and firmly confine it without interfering with the operation of the drills.
The spacing and lining of the rows of holes is effected by the hand-lever k². subject
to the absolute gauging effect of a gauge D. As shewn in the drawings this gauge is
arranged for spacing holes occupying curved lines; as, for instance, in a head
having four curved lines of bristle holes, the two outer rows occupy reversely
curved lines in the arc of a circle of a given, diameter and the two inner rows
occupy reversely curved lines in the arc of a circle of a lesser diameter and therefore
the said gauge is not only a row gauge for spacing the rows with reference to each.

page_text: other but also a line guide for determining the exact lines the rows of holes shall
occupy. If used for drilling straight rows of holes, the clamp-plate need not be
pivoted and in that case the gauge would serve merely as a row spacing medium,
but the pivotal feature is necessary for drilling curved rows and it may also be
employed in drilling straight rows and in both of these cases the gauge serves not
only as a row-gauge for spacing, but also as a line-guide for assuring the character
of the lines the rows of holes are to occupy.
The gauge D is rigidly mounted upon the clamp-plate on top of the clamp-
flanges m¹. It is composed of a series of leaves n mounted one above the other
with their edges set back of each other progressively from the edge of the lower
leaf as clearly indicated in the sectional view adjacent to Figure 37. As shewn,
the leaves are curved and thereby adapted to serve as a guide for curved lines;
two sets of leaves are shewn as employed, one at each end of the gauge, with an
intervening space between the sets. The distance between the edge of one leaf and
the edge of the leaf next above or below it, is exactly equal to the distance or space
between the curved rows of holes desired, measuring from the centre of a hole in
one row to the centre of the opposite hole in the next adjacent row. For boring
straight rows of holes, these leaves n. would have-straight edges be spaced as
described and need not be in two sets but in one set extended from end to end of
the gauge. For curved line boring, the curved leaves may also be in one instead
of two sets if desired-These leaves are detachably mounted upon a ledge-plate n².
thus providing for their ready removal and the substitution of others.
Co-operating with the gauge D and constituting in fact a part thereof, are two
vertical abutments o each in the form of a disc horizontally mounted at the lower
end of a spindle o¹, and housed in a guide o³. connected with the lower bracket b;
both of these abutments are suspended from the front end of a forked lever o³.
pivoted to the standard A. and extended rearward, so that a spring o' may
normally force the rear end of the said lever upward, and the abutments o
downward, the said spring being firmly seated at its foot against the rear side of
the standard A³.
From the above description it will be readily understood that if the abutments o
rest with spring-force applied thereto, upon the surface of the leaves n next to the
top leaves and pressure is applied by the hand to the hand-lever k². to hold the
guage firmly inward the edges of the top leaves n will be in guiding abutting
contact with the abutments o during the longitudinal intermittent movement of
the clamp bed in either direction, thus causing the clamp-plate to swing
horizontally on its pivot and progressively present the head of a handle to the
drills in a curved line. It will also be readily understood that after one line is
thus drilled the slight withdrawal of the band-lever k³ and guage D will cause the
abutments to drop (by their spring pressure) upon the leaves next below where-
upon the clamp-bed on being intermittingly moved backward will cause another
curved row of holes to be drilled slight inward pressure on the said hand lever
being meantime maintained as before and so on until the last row of holes las
been drilled the abutments during that operation resting upon the ledge n'. next
below the lowest leaf n and in guiding contact with the edge of the said leaf; after
this the abutments are raised and the clamp-plate advanced for properly receiving
the abutments on the second leaf from the top ready for operation upon another
brush handle. In boring straight holes with the clamp-plate unmovable with
reference to the transverse sliding-plate k, the guage for spacing the rows of holes
need not be of the construction shewn as, for instance, the projecting arm k². of
the clamp-bed adjacent to the handle of the hand-lever k². may be provided with
guage-marks to indicate the proper location of a row of holes with reference to a
row already bored in which case no guiding function in the guage would be
necessary, because the clamp-bed proper is limited to a straight line movement.
It is to be understood that the distance between the centres of the two drills
constitutes a space which is divisible into equal divisions as marked off by the
rack-bar; I prefer that the said space should be suitable for the location of six

page_text: holes regularly spaced, but this may be varied, if desired, and if the holes be
drilled farther apart, the space should be equally divided between them.
The longitudinal movement of the clamp-bed may be readily effected by a partial
vibration of the hand lever without lifting the said clamp-bed, and this capacity
enables the location of the brush-head at any desired position with relation to the
drills, without bringing the latter into action.
The double acting pawl if held by one hand so that neither of its teeth are in
engagement with the rack-bar, enables the clamp-bed to be moved to and fro by
the pressure of the other hand applied directly thereto. An end guage may be
employed if desired for assuring endwise location of a handle in the clamp, but
this will seldom be requisite because one side edge of the clamp-bed will serve as a
ready guide to the eye for properly clamping the handle.
The operation of the said machine will be readily comprehended from the
description already given of the several parts and of their particular operation,
which has been not only separately described but also in conjunction with their
co-operative parts, and it is only deemed necessary to now briefly state that the
brush-handle is inserted into the clamp from the side opposite to the hand-lever g
and that a row of holes may be commenced by either drill, the feeding movement
being toward the other. At the rear end of the head adjacent to the narrow shank
of a handle, it is advisable as heretofore to avoid weakening the stock by too many
holes, and therefore while the outer rows will be complete and uniform, the regular
spacing of the one or two terminal holes of the inner rows at the shank is departed
from, although they should be located in line with the others in the row to which
they may belong. At the round end of a curved sided head, the two central rows
are located beyond the initial holes of the two outer rows, thus forming a symmetrical
merging of the outer and inner rows at the said outer end.
In
Although I prefer to employ a machine organised as shown I do not limit
myself thereto, because certain features may obviously be separately employed with
substantially valuable and improved results; as, for instance, the two drills, or even
one drill, in combination with a clamp, a sliding bed, and a gauge may be profitably
employed without the step by step inechanism, the movements of the bed being
effected by the hand, and the eye relied upon for spacing the holes in a row.
this case the lining of the rows would be accurately assured as well as the spacing
of the rows. The value of other embodiments of separate features of my invention
will be obvious. While I prefer that the clamp-bed should be lifted to and from
the drills, I do not limit myself to that construction for the reason that as herein-
before stated, their arbors may readily be mounted in a vertically sliding frame,
and be readily caused to descend with accurate limitation and to rise at proper
intervals, governed by the step by step movements of the bed. Numerous other
variations in construction and arrangement of the several parts may be obviously
made without materially affecting the results, nor departing from my invention.
I will now proceed to describe my improved graving or slotting mechanism which
is illustrated in Figures 41 to 44 of the Drawings.
Although brush graving machines embodying my several improvements are
applicable in the manufacture of all substantially straight brushes wherein the
slots for receiving the bristle wires or twines occupy lines curved in the arc of a
circle, I have specially devised them for slotting or graving tooth-brush-handles
wherein are four curved slots, two being in the are of a smaller circle than the
others, but machines embodying certain portions of my invention are applicable to
straight line graving.
The graving of the tooth-brush handle is the last operation thereon prior to the
insertion of the bristles, and if the graving be improperly performed, it results in a
loss of the material and the labour already expended. The tools heretofore
employed for the purpose have been, so far as my knowledge extends, of such a
character that only highly skilled workmen could be depended upon for performing
this operation, and even then the losses accruing from bad work were greater than
those resulting from failures in all preceding operations. As heretofore practised

page_text: in all cases, so far as is known to me, the eye of the skilled workman has alone
been relied upon for determining the location and curvature of the graving lines,
and this often resulted in a lack of desirable uniformity in their relations to each
other, and to the edges of the head, even although the said lines were sufficiently
well located with reference to the lines of bristle-holes to enable the bristles to be
strongly secured by means of the wires usually employed for that purpose, but it
frequently occurs that the slots and holes do not thus coincide.
The objects of this branch of my ivention are to enable the operation of graving
to be cheaply performed by persons of ordinary skill and intelligence with greater
accuracy and less liability of loss from imperfect graving than heretofore.
The heads of tooth-brush-handles as heretofore made have lacked that uniformity
of edge contour which would enable the edges thereof to be relied upon as gauge
surfaces for determining the exactly proper location of each graved line, or each
line of bristle-holes with which the graved lines should coincide as accurately as
possible for mounting bristles in the best manner. In my machine the edge
contour of the head is wholly relied upon as a gauging surface, because the bone-
blanks from which any particular style of handle is developed, are truly uniform
in edge contour, especially at the head thereof, the said blanks being produced as
berein before described.
My machine embodies a graving tool which is preferably a small circular saw
specially adapted to the purpose, a clamp adapted to firmly hold the handles by
edgewise contact therewith, and a bed for the clamp pivoted at one or at two
points, whereby the clamp and a handle held thereby may be moved in a truly
circular line or lines, and arranged at the end adjacent to the Clamp to drop from
beneath the graving tool at the termination of each cut.
As two of the four slots in each handle are curved in one direction, and the
other two in the opposite direction, a right and a left hand machine are requisite,
but these may be so combined on one bed as to enable one saw-arbor to be
employed for two saws, one at each end thereof.
Referring to the Drawings.
Figure 41 represents in side elevation a double machine embodying the several
features of this part of my invention, and
Figure 42 is a plan or top view of the same.
Figure 43 is a longitudinal central section of the clamp-bed detached.
Figure 44 is a side view of a locking bolt detached from the said Clamp-bed.
Figure 45 represents a top view and a sectional view of a bored handle as graved
on my improved machine.
In carrying this part of my invention into practice I employ two graving saws A
cach of which is substantially the same as the saw heretofore used. The said two
saws were mounted upon opposite ends of the same arbor a. This Arbor is
provided with a band pulley, and its boxes bare preferably pivotally mounted in
collars c which are in turn secured by adjustable pivotal connections to suitable
standards d. This is a common and desirable method of mounting rapidly driven
arbors, and although other simpler constructions may be employed, this is deemed
preferable.
The clamp-bed may be variably constructed. If designed for cutting but one
curved slot, it is provided with but one pivot or axis located at a distance from
the graving tool, equal to one-half the diameter of the circle of which the desired
curved slot is an arc, but when two slots of different curvatures are to be cut by
the use of the same clamp and bed, the latter is composed of two parts, both of
which are moved as one, on one pivot in making the cut of the greater curve, and
for describing the lesser curve, the outer part only is used, that being independently
pivoted to the inner part of the bed which remains stationary upon its pivot.
The clamp bed B as shewn in the Drawings is sectional in construction in that
it is mainly composed of two plates of sheet-steel and is laterally binged at its rear
end, as at e to a yoke f provided with a vertical pivot or spindle g which is well
fitted to a vertical hollow post h mounted on a bed-plate or bench. The centre of

page_text: the pivot g is located in exact line with the axis of the saw-arbor, and at such
distance from the saw as will enable the outer end of the bed to move in the Arc
desired. The fitting of the pivot to its post, and of the joint of the lateral hinge
is such that the outer end of the bed is limited to horizontal and vertical
movements.
The outer plate i of the bed is connected to the inner plate i¹. by means of a
locking bolt of peculiar construction, which bolt not only firmly unites the two
plates when they as a whole are moved on the spindle g but also serves as a
pivotal connection between said plates, when the bed is not moved on the said
spindle; the said bolt further locks the outer plate i against any vertical movement
independently of the inner plate; and, still further, it limits the inner plate to a
vertical movement on its hinge, while the outer plate is free to swing laterally;
and, finally, it accurately advances and draws back the plate i longitudinally upon
the plate ¹. for properly spacing the two differently curved slots as cut by the saw
under the two conditions of adjustment.
The said locking bolt k is shewn detached in Figure 44. Beneath its head
its shank at k². is excentric to its axis, and this portion thereof, fully occupies a
circular hole in the upper or outer plate i so that when the said bolt is partially
rotated in one direction, the plate i is moved longitudinally upon the plate i¹. thus
drawing back the outer end from the saw, a distance exactly equal to the space
between the curved slots, and when partially rotated in the opposite direction, it
advances the plate i so that its outer end will occupy such relations to the saw as
will provide for cutting the slot of the larger curve, and when thus advanced a
stud (projecting vertically from the plate i.) occupies a recess 3. in one side of
the curved slot k in the plate i thus locking the two plates against independent
lateral movement, the broad bearing of the head of the bolt serving to prevent
the lifting of the plate i independently of the plate i. At the lower end of the
bolt is a horizontal arm having a pendant stud k which moves in a circular
path when the bolt is turned; this stud co-operates with a standard mounted on
the bench or bed-plate, and having a horizontal top, slotted from one end to receive
the pendant stud when the bolt is so turned as to unlock the two plates; it thus
prevents the bed from turning laterally on its pivot g while permitting it to freely
rise and fall on its hinge, the said stud moving vertically in the open slot. When
the bolt is so turned as to lock the two plates together, the crank-arm is swung
forward, and the path described by it in moving with the bed on its main spindle
or pivot lies outside of or beyond the slotted standard l. The top of the bolt k
may have a serrated periphery to enable it to be readily grasped, or it may as
shown be provided with a diametrical finger-pin.
The outer end of the clamp-bed is provided with a clamp whereby the head of
the handle may be securely held in the exactly proper position with relation to the
saw. This clamp may be variously constructed, but it must be arranged to engage
edgewise with the head of a handle, and have the outer clamp-edge conform in
contour with the edges of the heads to be graved, so that the said edges may serve
as gauge surfaces for assuredly locating the line of each slot, and the said clamp
should also at one end thereof be provided with a surface against which the front
end of the head will engage for readily guaging the proper longitudinal position of
the head within the clamp.
The clamp B'. as shewn, in the drawings embodies a strong bow spring m of
such form that one side of the clamp is integral therewith, but a clamp operated
by a screw, or by a cam-lever may be employed with good results. The spring-
clamp shown is specially convenient as it readily permits the putting in and taking
out of handles, and it can be safely relied upon because of the uniformity in outline
of the heads clainped therein, and the consequent uniformity of engaging contact,
but although I prefer the springclamp I do not limit myself thereto.
It will be seen by reference to figure 45 that the two outer slots are reversely
curved in corresponding lines, and that the two inner slots are similarly curved,
although in arcs of a smaller circle than the outer slots; it will also be seen that

page_text: each slot coincides longitudinally with the centre of a correspondingly curved row
of bristle holes. It is desirable for the best results that each hole should be
centrally traversed at its inner end by the slot, and that the said slots should be
of uniform depth, and therefore I provide a bearing plate for the outer end of the
clamp-bed beneath the saw, which not only causes the head to be properly presented
to the saw, but accurately gauges the depth of the slots. It will also be seen that
each slot terminates at the neck of the handle; and therefore I provide such a
bearing plate as will permit the bed to drop when the end of the cut is reached,
and to prevent the bed from dropping to the bed-plate or bench, and for affording
a supporting surface on which the bed may be drawn backward to the front, I 1
provide a supplemental bearing plate below the upper one.
These bearing plates are shown mounted horizontally upon the front of the
arbor standard & but they may have a special standard.
The bearing plate C is above and parallel with the supplemental bearing
plate C, and the plate C is mounted on screwposts provided with set-nuts, 1
whereby the said plate may be adjustably set with reference to the saw, so that
when the clamping bed rests thereon with a handle duly clamped, the saw will
make a cut of the exact depth required; this adjustment also provides for the
compensation for wear of the saw by which its diameter is reduced. When
constructed as shewn the bearing plate C as a whole has considerable area, but
only a small rectangular portion thereof as at n serves to actually support the
clamping bed, and the edge n' of the said portion nearest the saw, is so located
that when the clampbed has been moved sufficiently to complete the cut, it will
drop from the said edge to the supplemental bearing plate, upon which the said
bed is drawn backward and adjusted for making the second cut. If the outer slot
be first cut, followed by cutting the inner slot, the bed is left at the latter adjust-
ment for first cutting the inner slot on the next handle, followed by cutting the
outer slot, and so on using the bed alternately under its two adjustments. Having
thus cut two of the slots with one saw, the other two slots are cut in another
machine, or if a double machine be employed as shown, with the saw on the
opposite end of the arbor.
I am well aware that several clamping beds may be mounted on a horizontal
revolving disc; but in that case neither bed need have the locking bolt and
separate outer plate, because two interchangeable discs of the required diameter
would be necessarily employed if used in one machine, or a separate machine would
be required for cutting each slot.
The pivoted clamp-bed and the saw may be relied upon for slotting without the
bearing plate, but this necessitates skill and care by the workman in graduating
the depth of the cut, although the slots would be more accurately located, and
more properly curved, than would be possible if the eye of the workman were
alone relied upon as heretofore.
The fact that I operate on handles which have heads precisely alike in their
lateral dimensions, thickness, and contour, enables me to not only accurately execute
curved line graving as described, but it also enables me to employ certain features
of my invention for slotting straight heads in straight and parallel lines, with 4
better and more uniform results than with slotting saws for that purpose as
heretofore constructed and operated. For instance, four or more parallel saws,
properly spaced and mounted upon an arbor have heretofore been employed with a
bedplate upon which the head of the handle rested while the head was advanced
beneath the saws, but no gauge-surfaces have been heretofore employed for
guiding the head, because these latter have not been truly uniform, and this has
necessitated great skill and care by the workman in properly locating by aid of
his eye, the outer saws with reference to the edges of the head, and if this be not
accurately done, the even and finished effect desired is not obtained, nor are the
slots in accurate coincidence with the rows of bristle-holes. With such saws, my
improved clamp having a gauge-surface, and the bed having the same vertical
movement, can be worked with absolutely uniform results and without loss from

page_text: bad graving, even by inexperienced hands, it being only requisite that the clamp-
bed instead of being pivoted as for curved graving, be mounted upon a sliding
carriage limited to movements exactly parallel with the planes of the saws, and
with such a clamp and bed the bearing plate could be employed with results as
satisfactory as with the pivoted bed, and with the clamping bed thus mounted,
the bearing plate can be profitably employed for causing the bed to drop at
the proper moment for limiting the length of cut, thus placing the graving
operation practically within the capacity of unskilled labor and ordinary
intelligence.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign Correspondent and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that I claim:-
First The method of producing bone-blanks for tooth-brush handles, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described, which method consists, firstly in sawing
trimmed bones into longitudinal sections, secondly:-in reducing each section to
parallelism and both edges thereof to parallel planes for determining its central
line-thirdly-in milling the edges to the desired contour with reference to the
said central line, and, finally, in milling the sides of the previously assorted
sections rectangular to their edges, and to a longitudinal contour limited by the
natural longitudinal characteristic of each section, or assorted series of sections, as
set forth.
Second: The method of producing bone-blanks for tooth-brush-handles,
substantially as hereinbefore set forth-which method consists first-in sawing
trimmed bones into longitudinal sections, secondly-in simultaneously reducing
both edges of each section to parallel planes, thirdly, in simultaneously milling
both edges to the desired contour with reference to the central line of each section
and finally in simultaneously milling both sides of each section for developing
lateral surfaces rectangular to the edges with longitudinal contour limited by the
natural longitudinal characteristic of each section, as set forth.
Third :—a bone-blank for tooth-brush-handles, rectangular in cross sections, and
having edges of corresponding longitudinal contour, substantially as described.
Fourth In a bone sawing machine, the combination substantially as herein-
before described of a pair of parallel saws, and a clamp which punctures and is
thereby enabled to firmly engage with and hold pieces of bone by end wise contact
therewith, the said saws and clamp being movable with reference to each other as
described whereby the said clamp with the bone held therein may be made to
occupy the space between the said saws, as and for the purposes specified.
Fifth-In a bone sawing machine, the combination substantially as hereinbefore
described, of a pair of parallel saws and a clump adapted to puncture and thereby
to firmly engage endwise with pieces of bone, and mounted upon a sliding base
passing between the saws.
Sixth-In a bone sawing machine, the combination substantially as herein before
described, of a pair of parallel saws, and a series of connected sliding clamps for
holding sections or pieces of bone by a puncture in contact with each end thereof,
and traversing the space between the saws.
Seventh-In a bone sawing machine, the combination substantially as herein-
before described, of a pair of parallel saws, a series of connected clamps for holding
sections of bone and presenting them to the saws, and releasing mechanism for
automatically opening the clamps and releasing the said sections of bone
therefrom,
Eighth-The combination of the parallel saws and a bone holding clamp sliding
between the said saws, and provided with a lever for opening and closing the said
clamp, substantially as described.
Ninth In a machine for shaping bone-blanks for handles; the combination
substantially as hereinbefore described, of two rapidly rotating milling heads,
movably mounted with relation to each other, a clamp for holding the bone, which
passes longitudinally between the said heads a pair of "forms" which variably

page_text: "
determine the relative positions of the heads with reference to a central line
between them, and a carriage on which the said clamp and "forms are mounted.
Tenth In a machine for shaping bone-blanks for handles, the combination
substantially as herein before described, of the pair of milling heads their spindles
mounted in pivotted steps, and in pivotted upper boxes the sliding blocks to
which the said upper boxes are pivotted "forms" for variably determining the
working relations of the heads to each other and to a central line between them
and the carriage on which the clamp and "forms" are mounted.
Eleventh In a machine for shaping bone-blanks for handles, the combination
substantially as hereinbefore described, of a pair of milling heads, movable with
reference to each other, "forms" which variably determine the working relations
of the heads, a clamp for holding the bone, and presenting it longitudinally to the
heads, and a gauge for enabling the accurate location of the bone in the clamp.
Twelfth-The combination substantially as herein before described, of the pair
of milling heads, a clamp, a carriage on which the clamp is mounted and a guage
for the clamp, which is automatically placed in and out of its guaging position.
Thirteenth-The combination with the milling heads the clamp and the
carriage of the gauge mounted on the said carriage and laterally vibrated by the
movements of the carriage substantially as described.
Fourteenth-The combination substantially as hereinbefore described of a pair
of milling heads moveable with relation to each other sliding blocks to which the
said heads are respectively connected the slotted "forms" which positively control
the movements of the heads toward and from each other a clamp and 2 carriage
on which the said clamp and slotted "forms" are mounted.
Fifteenth-The combination substantially as hereinbefore described of a pair of
milling heads movable with relation to each other "forms" for variably limiting
the said heads in their movements toward each other a clamp for holding the bone,
a carriage on which the said "forms" and clamp are mounted and a treadle for
moving the said carriage toward the milling heads.
Sixteenth-The combination with a pair of milling heads of a clamp-base two
elevated beds thereon a pair of clamping fingers a rock-bar to which the said
fingers are pivoted and a lever for bearing centrally on the said bar substantially
as described, whereby both fingers may be equally forced in line with the elevated
beds upon a bone regardless of its curvature and variable thickness.
Seventeenth-The combination with a pair of milling heads of the clamp-base,
the clamping fingers, the rock-bar the screw and the nut-lever substantially as
described.
Eighteenth-The combination of the pair of milling heads a bone-clamp passing
between them and "forms" operatively connected to the said heads by adjustable
connections substantially as described.
Nineteenth-In a machine for boring brush-handles the combination sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described of one or more drills a sliding clamp for
holding a handle by the head and presenting it for boring and a guage substantially
as described for determining the lines to be occupied by the rows of holes bored
and for spacing the said rows.
Twentieth-In a machine for boring brush-handles the combination sub-
stantially as herein before described of one or more drills, a swivelled sliding clamp,
and a curved line-gauge which controls the movements of the said clamp with
relation to the drills.
Twenty first:-In a machine for boring brush-handles the combination sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described of one or more drills, a sliding clamp and
means substantially as described by which it is intermittingly moved longitudinally
forward and backward beneath the drills and intermittingly raised to and lowered
from the said drills and a guage for determining the lines occupied by the rows of
holes and for spacing the said rows.
Twenty second: In a machine for boring brush handles, the combination
substantially as herein before described, of one or more drills, a sliding clamp for

page_text: holding a handle by the head and a lever operatively connected with the said
clamp for lifting it to and lowering it from the said drills.
Twenty third: In a machine for boring brush-handles the combination sub-
stantially as herein before described of one or more drills a sliding clamp a guage
for spacing the rows and mechanism substantially as described whereby with a
single lever the said clamp is intermittingly moved step by step beneath the drills,
and lifted to and lowered from the said drills after each step.
Twenty fourth-In a machine for boring brush-handles, the combination with
the clamp-bed and the clamp mounted on the said bed, a cam for lifting the bed, a
pawl-bar and its spring, a pawl on the said bar, a rack-bar on the said bed, and a
lever for rocking the said cam and reciprocating said pawl bar.
Twenty fifth-In a machine for boring brush-bandles the combination with the
clamp-bed, its lifting cam and its pawl-bar spring and pawl, of a lever for
rocking the said cam and vibrating the pawl-bar and adjusting screws for variably
limiting the lift of the clamp-bed and the extent of its step by step movement.
Twenty sixth-In a machine for boring tooth-brush-handles the combination
substantially as hereinbefore described of two or more drills a gauge for spacing
rows of holes, a clamp for holding the handle and mechanism, substantially as
described for moving the said clamp with relation to the drills step by step in a
predetermined line, whereby either of the said drills may occupy a hole previously
drilled during the drilling of a whole by another drill as set forth.
Twenty seventh-In a machine for boring brush handles the combination with
one or more drills a sliding clamp-bed and a clamp of a guage composed of leaves
mounted one above the other and an abutment forced longitudinally by a spring
for successive engagement with the edges of the said leaves substantially as
described.
Twenty eighth-In a machine for graving or slotting brush-handles, the com-
bination, substantially as hereinbefore described of the graving tool, a clamp
provided with guaging surfaces for engaged laterally with the head of a tooth-
brush-handle and a clamp-bed limited in its horizontal movements to the line of
graving desired by mechanism substantially as described.
Twenty ninth-In a machine for graving or slotting brush-handles the com-
bination substantially as herein before described of the graving tool a clamp for
engaging laterally with the head of a handle, a clamp-bed limited by mechanism
substantially as described in its horizontal movements to the line of cut desired
and a supporting plate which maintains the clamp bed in proper relations to the
graving tool while cutting and permits the bed to drop at the termination of
the cut.
Thirtieth: In a machine for graving or slotting brush-handles the combination
substantially as herein before described of a suitable slotting or graving tool for
cutting wire slots in tooth-brush-handles a clamp for engaging with the edges of
the head of a handle, and a clamp bed pivotally mounted at its rear end whereby
the head of a handle may be passed longitudinally beneath the graving tool and
slotted in a curved line on the back thereof as set forth.
Thirty first-In a machine for graving or slotting brush-handles the com-
bination substantially as herein before described of the slotting saw, the pivoted
clamp-bed its clamp and the bearing plate for maintaining the outer end of the bed
and a brush-handle in the clamp at a proper distance below the slotting tool to
ensure a proper and uniform depth of cut as set forth.
Thirty second-In a machine for graving or slotting brush-handles the com-
bination, substantially as hereinbefore described, of the slotting tool, the clamp, and
the clamp bed and a bearing plate for one end of the said bed which is vertically
adjustable for varying the adjustment as to depth of cut and compensating for wear
of the slotting tool as set forth.
Thirty third: In a machine for graving or slotting brush-handles the com-
bination substantially as herein before described of the slotting tool, the clamp the
laterally and vertically pivotted clamp-bed and the bearing plate.

page_text: Thirty fourth-In a machine for graving or slotting brush-handles the com-
bination, substantially as hereinbefore described, of the graving tool, the clamp, the
horizontally and vertically pivotted clamp-bed constructed in sections independently
pivotted to each other and a lock for uniting the said sections and permitting
longitudinal adjustment of the outer section.
Thirty fifth-In a machine for graving or slotting brush handles the combi-
nation with the two clamp-beds-sections of the excentric locking bolt for advancing
or drawing back the outer section of the bed and pivoting said outer section or
locking it to the inner section according to its required adjustment, substantially
as described.
Thirty sixth-In a machine for graving or slotting brush-handles, the com-
bination with the clamp-bed pivoted as to horizontal and vertical movements and
constructed in longitudinal sections independently pivoted together of a locking
device, substantially as described, which limits the inner of the bed-sections to its
vertical movement while the outer section is horizontally movable on its pivot
substantially as described.
Thirty seventh-In a machine for graving or slotting brush-handles, the com-
bination of the clamp-bed constructed in two sections pivoted together and the
locking bolt operating as a pivot for the outer section and having an excentric
shank and a crank-shaped arm co-operating with a standard with which the said
arm engages for locking the inner section against horizontal movement whilo per-
mitting the free vertical movement of the outer end of the bed substantially as
described.
In witness whereof I the said William Robert Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Fifth day of July in the year of Our Lord One thousand