Improvements in Lathes.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 11th Oct., 1889-Accepted, 23rd Nov.,
1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lathes.
I WILLIAM WILSON HULSE of the Ordsal Works, Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Headstocks are employed fitted with spindles which carry either the work or the
cutting tools according to the nature of the former. The headstocks are mounted on
a bed which rests on the ground in such a way as to give steadiness to the cutting
operations. When the cutting tools are carried by the headstock spindles the work is
secured upon a table on the bed adjustable vertically and horizontally. Each
spindle may be provided with one or more cutting tools which are held in boxes.
traversible radially along the face of a chuck provided on the spindle. The longi-
tudinal cutting feed may be produced automatically by traversing the spindle in the
headstock, or the headstock along the bed, by the employment of a traversing screw
actuated either by change wheels, or a ratchet wheel and crank, or of other suitable
mechanism. Each machine may be constructed with two headstocks each having
independent driving apparatus, so that the work may be operated upon by both
headstocks simultaneously or by either separately. Or, when the work is carried
between centres in the headstock spindles, one headstock may be constructed as a
poppet-head. When the work is so carried the headstocks remain fixed during the
cutting operation, and the cutting tool is held in a slide rest, on a carriage which is
Two alternative sets of
traversed longitudinally on the bed by a screw or other means.
driving mechanism may be employed, which, operating through two respective sets of
change wheels impart one a slow and the other a quick speed of rotation to this screw
relatively to that of the driving spindle. When one set of change wheels is in gear,
the other is disconnected. By this arrangement different traverses, coarse or fine, unay
be given to the cutting tools with comparatively few changes of wheels. A dividing
plate may be introduced in connection with each or either of these two sets of change
wheels. The screw for traversing the carriage is by preference protected against the
cuttings falling upon it, by being placed in a recess formed in the bed for the purpose.
Means are provided for automatically arresting the traverse of the cutting tools or of
the work, as the case may be, at any required point. For some classes of work one or
more rotary cuiters is or are applied either for making clearance recesses at one or
more points in the circumference of the object for the cutting tool held in the slide
When making
rest, or for producing in the object circumferential and spiral recesses.
clearance recesses the work is kept stationary, and when making circumferential
recesses it is rotated; it is also rotated when making spiral recesses, and at the same
time the rotary cutters are traversed longitudinally at a speed whose relation to the
speed at which the work is rotated can be varied according to the pitch of the spiral
recess required.
1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lathes.
I WILLIAM WILSON HULSE of the Ordsal Works Salford in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, and the accompanying drawings
:-
Headstocks are employed fitted with spindles which carry either the work or the

page_text: cutting tools according to the nature of the former. The headstocks are mounted on
a bed which rests on the ground in such a way as to give steadiness to the cutting
operations. When the cutting tools are carried by the headstock spindles the work is
secured upon a table on the bed adjustable vertically and horizontally. Each spindle
may be provided with one or more cutting tools which are held in boxes traversible
radially along the face of a chuck provided on the spindle. The longitudinal cutting
feed may be produced automatically by traversing the spindle in the headstock, or the
headstock along the bed, by the employment of a traversing screw actuated either by
change wheels or a ratchet wheel and crank, or other suitable mechanism. Each
Machine may be constructed with two headstocks each having independent
driving apparatus, so that the work may be operated upon by both headstocks
simultaneously or by either separately. Or when the work is carried between centres
in the headstock spindles, one headstock may be constructed as a poppet-head. When
the work is so carried the headstocks remain fixed during the cutting operation,
and the cutting tool is held in a slide rest, on a carriage which is traversed
longitudinally on the bed by a screw or other means. Two alternative sets of driving
mechanism may be employed which operating through two respective sets of change
wheels impart one a slow and the other a quick speed of rotation to this screw
relatively to that of the driving spindle. When one set of change wheels is in gear
the other is disconnected. By this arrangement different traverses, coarse or fine,
may be given to the cutting tools with comparatively few changes of wheels.
dividing plate may be introduced in connection with each or either of these two sets
of change wheels. The screw for traversing the carriage is by preference protected
against the cuttings falling upon it, by being placed in a recess formed in the bed for
the purpose.
Means are provided for automatically arresting the traverse of the
cutting tools or of the work, as the case may be at any required point. For some
classes of work one or more rotary cutters is or are applied either for making clearance
recesses at one or more points in the circumference of the object for the cutting tool
held in the slide rest or for producing in the object circumferential and spiral
recesses.
A
When making clearance recesses the work is kept stationary, and when making.
circumferential recesses it is rotated; it is also rotated when making spiral recesses,
and at the same time the rotary cutters are traversed longitudinally at a speed whose
relation to that at which the work is rotated can be varied according to the pitch of
the spiral recess required.
In the accompanying drawing Fig. A is a front elevation and Fig. B an end
elevation of a Lathe constructed in accordance with one arrangement of this invention.
In these figures 1 is the bed resting on the ground at the centre in order to secure
great steadiness and supported at the two ends on stools as shown: 2. 3. are head-
stocks mounted upon and fixed to the bed 4. 5 are chucks secured on the respective
spindles of these beadstocks each fitted with a radially traversible tool box 6. 7. The
tail end of each spindle has a screw thread cut upon it by means of which and of a
nut actuated by differential wheels shown in the drawings, the spindle is made to
traverse endwise in its bearings automatically in a manner which is well understood
in connection with boring bars. 8 is the table to which the work is secured; and an
end view of which and its connection is given in Fig. C. It is adjustable horizontally
along a cross slide 9 and vertically by means of twin vertical slides 10. 11 which
traverse in guides on the bed 1. The traversing of both the horizonial and vertical
slides is effected by screws shown in the drawings, those for the vertical slides being
operated by worms and worm wheels as shown. Each spindle is provided with an
independent strap-cone pulley and back driving gear as shown. Fig. D is a front
elevation and Fig. E an end elevation of a lathe similar generally to that already
described but modified so that the end wise movement of the spindles is obtained by
traversing the headstocks along guides on the bed shown in the drawings. In these
figures the numbers which occur also in Figs. A B C denote corresponding parts in
the two machines. The strap-cone pulleys in this case are carried upon backshafts
from which motion is transmitted by spur wheels to the spindles through intermediate

page_text: shafts as shown in Fig. E. Each headstock is traversed by an independent screw
actuated automatically by similar ratchet and pawl mechanism in each case. In the
drawings 12 is the traversing screw of the left-hand headstock, 13 the pawl rod
actuated as shown by a crank disc driven from the headstock spindle, and 14 is the
ratchet wheel secured upon a shaft 15 which communicates rotation to the traversing
screw through two pairs of bevel wheels and a cross shaft 16. The bevel wheel near
the outer end of shaft 16 can be put in or out of gear by means of a clutch shown in
Fig. G and when it is out of gear the shaft can be operated by the hand wheel 17.
18 is a bracket on the headstock which acts for stopping the traversing action
automatically at any required point. This bracket comes in contact at the proper
moment with an adjustable stop 19 on a sliding rod 20 and causes this rod to liberate
a detent 21, shown in Fig. G which is an enlarged plan view of the mechanism for
stopping the traversing action. When the automatic traversing mechanism is in gear
this detent engages with a catch as shown on a lever 22 secured on a vertical shaft 23
which carries also the clutch fork 24 and another lever 25 shown at the right hand
part of Fig. D in which the hand wheel for actuating the traversing screw is omitted
in order to let this lever be seen. The lever 25 is acted upon by a spring (not clearly
shown in the drawings) so as to tend constantly to move the clutch fork 24 in the
direction for throwing the automatic traversing mechanism out of gear. So long as
the detent 21 is engaged with the catch on lever 22 the spring is prevented from
putting the clutch out of gear, but when the sliding rod disengages the detent the
spring at once causes the clutch to release. The lever 22 serves for operating the
clutch by hand. Fig. F is an end view showing an alternative method of actuating
the traversing screw 12 through change wheels. Lathes constructed as shewn in
Figs. A. B. C. D. E. F. G and described are specially applicable for turning Gun
Trunnions and work of a similar character great convenience for such purpose being
afforded by the adjustments of which the table 8 is susceptible.
Fig. H is a front elevation of a Lathe constructed in accordance with another
modification of this invention. Fig. K is an end elevation of the left hand end of the
same Lathe, Fig. I, an end elevation of the right hand end and Fig. M a transverse
section on the line a. b. In this modification centres as shown as provided in the
headstocks for carrying the work, the headstock 3 being formed as a moveable poppet-
head. A chuck for holding the work may be provided on the spindle when required.
The headstock 2 is made a fixture on the bed and the cutting tool is held in a slide
rest 26 (by means of a turret tool-holder as shown) on a carriage 27 which is traversed
to and fro along the bed by a guide screw 28. This guide screw is situated in a
recess formed in the bed as shown in Fig. M in order to bring it nearer to the centre
of the Lathe and to prevent the tool cuttings from falling upon it. 29 and 30 are
two strap cone-pulleys, one mounted on the spindle of the headstock 2 and the other
on a backshaft 31. Either of these pulleys may be used alternatively for driving the
lathe. When 29 is used the spindle of the headstock 2 is driven by this pulley direct,
and a guide screw 28 through change wheels at the left hand end of the lathe as
shown in Figs. H. K and when 30 is used, the headstock spindle is driven from the
backshaft 31 through spur wheels as shown in Fig. K, and the guide screw 28 is also
driven from the back shaft through change wheels at the right hand end of the lathe
as shown in Figs. H. L. When one set of change wheels is in gear with the guide
screw the other set is kept out of gear. These two sets of change wheels enable the
lathe to be kept geared in readiness for imparting two alternative speeds of rotation
(differing widely from each other) to the guide screw relatively to the speed of rotation
of the headstock spindle. Hence great convenience is afforded for dealing with work
requiring changes of wide range to be made in the relation between the traversing
speed of the cutting tool or tools and the rate of rotation of the work. 32 is a dividing
plate, in connection with the change wheels at the left hand end of the lathe and it is
provided with a handle as shown which can be locked with it or released from it in a
manner which is well understood in such mechanism. The dividing plate is fast with
the spur wheel 33, which is mounted loose upon a shaft 34. The handle is fast upon
this shaft which also has the spur wheel 35 secured to it. When the handle is locked

page_text: with the dividing plate the headstock spindle and guide screw rotate simultaneously
and when the handle is released the headstock spindle can be rotated while the guide
screw remains stationary. Thus convenient means are afforded for making the requisite
changes in the relative angular positions of the headstock spindle and guide screw
when cutting screws with compound threads. A similar arrangement of dividing
plate may be introduced into the change wheels at the right hand end of the lathe.
20 is the sliding rod with adjustable stops 19, 19. for arresting the action of the lathe
automatically. These stops are acted upon by the carriage 27 when it reaches the
required limit of its traverse in either direction. The sliding rod 20 operates a
clutch 36 (through a lever 37) which engages with the strap-cone pulley 29 which is
mounted loose on its spindle. When the left hand stop is acted upon the clutch is
put out of gear, and when the right hand one is acted upon the clutch is put into gear
with the pulley. In Fig. M 38 is a rotary cutter for making either clearance spiral
or circumferential recesses in the work as already described. It is secured in a
horizontal spindle (having a driving pulley 39) mounted on a headstock as shown
moveable along a transverse slide of the carriage 27 by a screw operated from the
front of the lathe.
:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The general arrangement of a lathe for turning Gun Trunnions and work of a
similar character substantially as shown in Figs. A, B, C and described.
2. The general arrangement of a lathe for turning Gun Trunnions and work of a
similar character substantially as shown in Figs. C, D, E, G (either with or without
the modification shown in Fig. F) and described.
3. The general arrangement of a lathe for operating on rotating work requiring
changes of wide range to be made in the traversing speed of the cutting tool or tools
with reference to the speed of rotation of the work substantially as shown in
Figs. H, K, L, M, and described.
Dated this 10th day of October 1889.
HY. C. CARVER,
Agent for Applicant.