matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE IN Loco- MOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINE FURNACES, WHEREBY COAL CAN BE USED INSTEAD OF COKE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Tweedy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th August
1859.
I, BENJAMIN TWEEDY, at present residing at Utrecht, in the Kingdom of
the Netherlands, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE IN Loco-
MOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINE FURNACES, WHEREBY COAL CAN BE USED INSTEAD OF
COKE," to be as follows:-
An iron plate, of a half round or flat shape, of the length of twenty inches, or
any other length to suit different furnaces the Invention may be applied to, to
be fixed at the top part of the engine fire-door leading into the fire-box at an
angle of 45, or any other angle to suit the different sized fire boxes or furnaces
to which the Invention may be applied, by means of which a current of down
cast air will be produced, and with the aid of a ventilated or trellaced fire-door
the same may be regulated and increased, and this on coming in contact with
the smoke will cause the same to descend on the fire, and there be consumed.
The following is a description of the Drawing thereof hereto annexed :-
No. 1 plan shows a longitudinal section of the fire-box and tubes, together
with the apparatus of a locomotive engine; this Invention or improvement is
that coal can be used instead of coke, whereby there will be a saving of
capital of at least 60 per cent. in fuel, and the smoke be entirely burnt.
When the engine is standing the Inventor proposes a blow-off pipe or lock to
fit in the chimney, which will consume any smoke that may arise from the

page_text: coal. The Inventor likewise calculates by this adoption of the coal in loco-
The
motives it will be a saving to the copper tubes of at least 20 per cent.
cost of this apparatus to each locomotive engine will not be more than five
shillings, which will have to be renewed every three months.
No. 2 plan shows a transverse section of a locomotive engine, of the appa-
ratus and fire-door.
No. 3 plan shows a transverse section of a standing or steamboat engine, of
the apparatus and fire-door.
No. 4 plan shows a longitudinal section of a standing or steamboat engine
to which this apparatus can be fixed. The Inventor calculates that this
Invention can be applied to a standing engine or steamboat engine with the
above saving as to locomotive engine.
AN IMPROVED CHOPPING MACHINE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Francis Dearlove at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
March 1859.
I, WILLIAM FRANCIS DEARLOVE, of Number 10, Dartmouth Street, in the
City of Westminster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHOPPING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
The machine consists of a cylindrical box or drum, the bottom thereof
constituting the chopping board upon which the knives or cutters herein-after
mentioned work, the same being made with a flat or curved surface as may be
considered desirable. The box or drum is so attached to the said board as to
be readily opened or removed therefrom for the introduction and removal
of the substances submitted to the operation of the machine. The top or
cover of the cylindrical box or drum is so constructed and arranged as to be
capable of having a rotary motion given to it, whenever desired, without
detaching it from the cylinder or drum. The knives or cutters are arranged
in such manner as to cross each other at suitable angles and distances, or are
placed at suitable distances parallel to each other, the edges thereof being
either straight or curved in order to correspond with the surface of the chopping
board, and are attached to a handle or handles passing through the cover of
the box or drum. In the interior of the cylinder is placed a frame connected
to and revolving with the cover, such frame being provided with teeth or
scrapers so arranged that upon the knives or cutters passing the same, they
are cleansed and freed from any substances which may have adhered thereto

page_text: in the process of chopping. The operation of chopping is performed by lifting
the knives or cutters up and down by means of the handle or handles, the
position thereof being from time to time changed by causing the cover of the
box or drum to revolve, and thus carrying with it the knives or cutters,
together with the before-mentioned arrangement for cleansing and scraping
the same.
A NEW MUSICAL INSTRU- MENT, TO BE CALLED THE CHERUBINE MINOR
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Whitaker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1859.
J, HENRY WHITAKER, of Newman Street, in the County of Middlesex, do
5 hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MUSICAL INSTRU-
MENT, TO BE CALLED THE CHERUBINE MINOR,'" to be as follows, and consists
in combining the harp, the organ, and the glass bells, in one harmonius
piano.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF IRON BARS OF THE VARIOUS FORMS OR SECTIONS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHEET IRON STRUCTURES, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Greaves at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1859.
I, HUGH GREAVES, of 5, Victoria Street, in the City of Westminster, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF IRON BARS OF THE
VARIOUS FORMS OR SECTIONS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHEET IRON STRUCTURES,
AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention refers to the preparation of flat, angle, tee, and other shaped
malleable iron bars used in the construction of sheet iron structures, and
consists in punching or perforating them while in a heated state, and also to
the machinery by which the same is effected.
By punching the bars while in a heated state a greater number of punches
can be used at one time and with less risk of injuring the metal. In the
construction of the machinery for actuating the punches and holding the bars
provision is made for cooling the punches as they retreat from the holes, and
for confining the bars by clamps or rollers during the operation of punching,
thus promoting the durability of the tools and preventing the spread of the
metal while it is being perforated. By this mode of preparation great
economy is effected as well as increased strength obtained.
A NEW IMPELLING MOVER BY THE PRESSURE OF WATER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clement Auguste Honoré Marcoux
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th May 1859.
I, CLEMENT AUGUSTE HONORÉ MARCOUX, of No. 71, Rue du Ruisseau, at
Montmartre, near Paris, Sculptor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW IMPELLING MOVER BY THE PRESSURE OF WATER," to be
as follows:
I fill a column with water, which I permit to flow alternately into two
circular pump boxes, each being furnished with a moveable valve, so that one
of these boxes may be open while the other is closed. In each of the boxes
is placed a flat cylinder, whose piston runs down through the bottom of the
box, and gears into the teeth of a balance wheel, which moves with regulated
precision, and from this wheel motion is given to any mechanism that may be
fitted thereto. On and in each of the boxes a pipe is adjusted, which is in
direct communication with the reservoir or column of water, and as each pump
box is opened or closed by the weight of the service acting upon the valves
and cylinders, the water contained therein is returned to the reservoir, so that
except the loss by evaporation, its content of water is always the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Xavier Kukla at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
June 1859.
I, FRANCIS XAVIER KUKLA, Chemist, of 121, Pentonville Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in projectiles. For this
purpose I form hollow balls of a composition of antimony and tin.
I usually
cast each ball in two parts, which are afterwards soldered together, and I
charge the interior through a hole made for the purpose with inflammable or
detonating materials, by preference with a solution of phosphorous in bisulphuret
of carbon, or with fulminating mercury, the charging hole being afterwards
closed by a screw plug. When the ball is fired from a musket or other small
arm (or it may be as grape or canister from a cannon) and strikes an object,
the ball breaks, the metal of which it is formed being somewhat brittle, and if
the ball contains phosphorous solution the same falls on the surrounding bodies
and rapidly bursts into a flame. If fulminating mercury be employed, the ball
explodes as a shell, and rends any object against which it may have been
thrown.
Although hollow balls made of the compound metal above-mentioned readily
break when thrown by a gun against a solid body they will withstand blows
such as they are liable to receive in transport and in use, and can therefore be

page_text: employed without danger. The compound metal, moreover, is not liable to be
corroded by the inflammable liquids with which the balls are charged, and
consequently by the use of this metal I am enabled to dispense with the use
of an inner case of glass as has usually been employed heretofore when pro-
jectiles containing inflammable and corrosive liquids have been used.
AN IMPROVED DISINFECTING COMPOUND
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th April 1859.-A communication from W. E. Lynen, a person
resident at Marseilles (France).
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Inventio for "AN IMPROVED DISINFECTING
COMPOUND," a communication, to be as follows:-
A quantity of sawdust from light resinous wood is first roasted in suitable
vessels at a temperature short of the carbonising point. One hundred pounds
weight of the sawdust thus treated are passed into a large recipient, and
twenty pounds weight of nitric acid are poured in by small quantities at a
time, the whole being constantly stirred. In an hour afterwards, the following
ingredients are added to the mixture:-Essence of lavender, about five ounces;
essence of rosemary, about five ounces; essence of spikenard about five
ounces. A quantity of extract produced by the maceration and pressure of
about one pound each of orange and lemon peel is then added with about
twenty-five pounds weight of fine dried sand, and the whole is thoroughly
incorporated. The compound is then ready for use.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE AXLES OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armand Gilbee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th April 1859.-A communication from abroad by M. Tenting, ainé,
of Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM ARMAND GILBEE, of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE AXLES OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES,"
to be as follows, that is to say:
The improvements relate to a peculiar construction of axle for railway and
other carriages, having for object to render the two wheels of the same axle
independent, or able to turn independantly of each other according to require-
ments. And the Invention communicated to me consists in the employment,
in addition to the ordinary axle, of a second hollow axle, made of iron or other
suitable material of sufficient strength, serving as an envelope to the former.
One of the wheels is fixed on the hollow axle, and the other on the ordinary
axle, the hollow axle being bored internally, so as to permit the ordinary axle,
which is suitably turned in a lathe, to play within it freely. The hollow axle
extends from the external part of the nave of the wheel fixed to it to the
interior of the nave of the wheel adapted to the ordinary axle; its length may,
however, be modified according to requirement. The ordinary axle supports
the weight of the carriage.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PENHOLDER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hinks and George Wells at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
18th March 1859.
We, JOHN HINKS and GEORGE WELLS, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturers and Co-partners, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED PENHOLDER," to be as follows:-
Our new or improved penholder is made of sheet steel, and consists essen-
tially of two hollow cylinders or tubes fitting one upon the other, the inner
tube being elastic and the outer tube inelastic. The outer tube consists of a
rectangular piece of sheet steel bent into a tube-like form. In order to give
the requisite clasticity to the inner tube, we make it from a blank or piece of
sheet steel, which is slit down its middle longitudinally nearly its whole length,
so that when bent into a cylindrical form it constitutes a tube, having slits at
opposite sides, which nearly divide it into two semi-cylinders. The elastic
tube is fixed on the ordinary stick, and the inelastic tube is fixed on the elastic
one. The pen is held by being inserted between the two tubes. We, prefer
to turn in the exposed end of the inner or elastic tube so as nearly to close the
said tube. To effect this, we cut the edge of the blank from which it is
made of such a shape, that when the said edge is turned in, the said inner or
elastic tube is nearly closed by a hemispherical termination, having a cruciform
slit or piercing. By thus nearly closing the inner tube, the pen is more readily
introduced between it and the outer tube. The steel of which we make our
new or improved penholder is hardened and tempered in the usual manner.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Button at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd September
1859.
I, EDWIN BUTTON, of Smith's Terrace, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
Engraver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the raising of sunken ships by means of hydraulic
presses, which are capable of being floated over the sunken vessel, and then
set into simultaneous action to haul up chains which have previously been
passed under the hull of the vessel required to be lifted. The hydraulic
presses I propose to mount in rows upon two long wrought-iron vessels or
caissons, which I connect together temporarily or permanently by means of
beams or bracings, and at a sufficient distance apart to allow of the sunken
vessel being raised into the intervening space. These presses will be situate
near the inner edge of the decks of the respective vessels, and the lifting chains
will be guided through self-acting cleats, or over stops secured to the decks,
and thence over a sheave on the travelling cross heads of the presses, and con-
tinued down to capstans actuated by hand, or by the engines employed to work
the presses, by which means the slack is taken up at each descent of the press
heads. To facilitate operations, I propose to provide the caissons with stern
propellers, & to enable them to keep their balance under all circumstances. I
may find it desirable to fit them with water-tight compartments, which may be
filled or pumped out as circumstances may require. To prevent the necessity
of unshipping the masts of a vessel that has been lifted into the space between

page_text: the caissons, and is required to be floated away, it may be desirable so to
connect the caissons that they may be readily parted, but this is not essential
to the carrying out of my Invention. In order to neutralize any sudden
strain that may come on the chain cables by the motion of the sea, I
propose to place strong springs on the travelling cross head of the presses,
for carrying the friction rollers, over which the chains pass to the capstans,
and also to give a yielding power by similar means to the retaining stops
or cleats.
A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT, CHIEFLY FOR TEACHING THE INTERVALS OF MUSICAL SCALES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Arthur Chadwick at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th January 1859.
I, WILLIAM ARTHUR CHADWICK, of Wandsworth Road, in the County of
Surrey, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT, CHIEFLY FOR TEACHING THE INTERVALS OF MUSICAL
SCALES," to be as follows:-
My instrument is composed of a hollow box or shell, the two sides of which
are connected internally by a sound post; two or more apertures or sound
holes are made in one of the sides, and a base bar is also fixed inside. On
the top side of the case I fix a rail or fingerboard, with the places at which
to stop for notes indicated by pins or studs. A string or wire is attached at
one end of the rail, and is carried along over the rail and over a bridge near
the opposite end thereof; it then passes through a slot in the rail, and is
attached to a nut, which is adjusted by means of a thumbscrew so as to
regulate the tension of the string. Sound is produced by a bow similar to
that of a violin, which will vary according to the part of the string at which
it is stopped by the finger.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL CALLED COATS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herrmann Kohn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
March 1859.
I, HERRMANN KOHN, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia; now re-
siding at 5, North Place, Grays Inn Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Merchant Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL CALLED COATS," to be as
follows:-
The improvements have for their object means whereby one article of dress
can be worn either as a frock coat or a dress coat. The skirts or tails of the
coat, instead of being as is ordinarily the case, joined all round to the upper
part or body of the coat are for a certain distance on each side loose, or
detached therefrom, and inside the skirt or tail of the coat at the part called
the waist, are fixed several small hooks, or catches, which, when the coat is to
be used as a frock coat are hooked on to a corresponding number of studs or
projections, fixed inside the body of the coat at the waist thereof, thereby
bringing the edges of the detached parts into close contact with each other, so
that the join appears like an ordinary seam. The hooks are held fast on the
studs by a spring or catch, and when it is desired to use the coat as a dress
coat the spring is pressed, and thereby releases the skirt, which can then be
folded back in the desired position, an the coat will then appear as a dress
coat.
But in order that the improvements may be more fully understood, I
will proceed to describe the accompanying Drawing.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Fig. 1 shews the appearance of the coat when used as a frock coat.
Fig. 2 shews the position of the skirt when released by the spring. Fig. 3
shews the inside of part of the coat with the skirt folded back, and Fig. 4
shews the appearance as a dress coat. Figs. 5, 6, & 7 shew the hooks
and spring, and parts connected therewith, on an enlarged scale. The same
letters indicate like parts wherever they occur. a is the skirt of the coat ;
6 the body thereof, the edges of which a', 6', are shewn in Fig. 1, brought into
close contact with each other by means of the hooks c and the studs d, and held
in that position by the spring e and the catch d'. When the springe is pressed
the skirt a is released and falls into the position shewn at Fig. 2. The
skirt a is then folded back inside the coat and held in that position by means
of the buttons h, and the loops i, Fig. 3; the coat has then the appearance
of a dress coat, as shewn at Fig. 4, f & 9 are plates holding the hooks c,
and the spring and catch e and d¹, and other parts mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF METALLIC BEDSTEADS, AND OTHER FURNITURE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Maw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1859.
I, EDWIN MAW, of the Doncaster Iron Works, Yorkshire, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF METALLIC BEDSTEADS, AND OTHER FURNITURE," to be as follows:-
In the construction of metallic bedsteads I make the posts or legs of
concave iron or other metal, and the side frames of iron or other metal bars
with two beads or flanges; and I secure the posts or legs to the side frames
by means of a sliding fastening, with an oblong guide or slot in it connected
to the post or leg by a nut or screw. The convex part of the fastening goes
into the concave part of the post or leg, and comes against the side frames,
and keeps them in their proper position when the bedstead is in use, or allow
of its being easily taken down when required. This improvement will very
much facilitate the construction, erection, and removal of the bedstead, and
can be advantageously applied to other metallic furniture; and in forming the
head and foot frames, I construct them of concave metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SOWING SEED
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1859. A communication from Constant Beure and Edouard
Barret, resident at Grand-Sancey, Departement du Doubs, in the Empire
of France.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes & Son, Patent Agents,
123, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SOWING SEED,"
a communication from Constant Beure and Edouard Barret, resident at Grand-
Sancey, Departement du Doubs, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
The said machine consists a hopper divided into compartments, a move-
able axletree as a distributor, and a sower or spreader, having a series of
spoons or blades tapered at the bottom, to act as cutters or ploughshares, the
said apparatus being fixed on a carriage with wheels. The hopper is made of
wood, or any suitable material, having a cover, and divided into several com-
partments of a conical shape, with a regulator inside to stop the distribution of
the seed when necessary. A brush is also fixed to prevent the seed accumu-
lating between the distributor and the hopper. The axletree or distributor
consists of a cylinder, which is attached to the wheels, and receives from them
a rotary motion; but, if desirable, may be made to revolve independently of
the motion of the wheels. A number of recesses are cut in the periphery of
the cylindrical axle, to receive the seeds as they descend through the hopper;
the said recesses being arranged in vertical series, each series being composed

page_text: of a number of recesses at certain distances from each other, to regulate the
quantity of seed to be distributed.
The moveable sower rests on the carriage, and consists of a spout made of
sheet iron, zinc, or other suitable metal or material pierced with holes
corresponding to the number of compartments in the hopper and furnished
with a stopper or guide to prevent the seed taking a wrong direction. In
.each of the said holes is fixed a spoon or blade, with its share or cutting part
turned towards the front of the carriage, in order to form furrows to deposit
the seed into the ground.
To regulate the distribution of the seed in the ground, and the necessary
depth of the furrows, a fork-shaped handle, similar to that of a plough, is
fixed to the arm of the sower, at the back of the apparatus, which enables the
workman to press the blades or ploughshares into the ground the required
depth, lifting the ground up to deposit the seed, and then the earth falls back
by its own weight and covers the seed.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONVEYING SIGNALS TO RAILWAY TRAINS IN MOTION
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Earle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1859.
I, THOMAS EARLE, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey, Contractor, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR CONVEYING SIGNALS TO RAILWAY TRAINS IN MOTION," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in improved apparatus or machinery for conveying
a signal or signals to or communicating with the driver or guard of a train in
motion when approaching, but at a distance from the station or other point
from which the signal is to be conveyed, part of which said apparatus is
moveable and so constructed as (when moved into the required position and
the engine passes the same) to cause a whistle on the engine to be blown, or
a bell rung, or some other part of the engine or tender to be put in motion,
or a fog signal to explode, and so convey a signal or signals to the driver or
guard, or both of them. I purpose bringing the moveable part of the apparatus
into position (when required) by a wire rope, one end of which is fastened to
the moveable part of the apparatus, and the other communicates with the
station or other part of line of railway from which the signal is to be conveyed,
and the mere winding or unwinding of which will bring the moveable part of
the apparatus into or out of contact with the train; or instead of such
wire rope, the required motion of the moveable part of the apparatus
may be given by a weight set in motion by electricity, or a revolving rod
or any other suitable means may be employed for bringing into action the

page_text: moveable part of the apparatus, as and for the purposes described. The
mode in which I prefer to construct the moveable part of the apparatus
is with a lever or levers or with a cam or cams or other equivalent contrivance,
which, when the train is in motion, will be so pressed on or against as to
move or act on some part of the engine or tender or other part of the train
and cause a whistle to be blown or a bell to be rung, or a fog signal to explode,
or some part of the train to be altered or shifted, so as to convey the required
signal or signals as above set forth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES CONTAINING SHOT
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Kerr at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th September
1859.
I, JOHN JAMES KERR, of Twickenham, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES CONTAINING SHOT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
cartridges containing shot, and is peculiarly applicable when using cases of
thin metal tin, though cases of other material may be employed; and the
Invention consists in using wads having one side of a concave form to cover
the shot, the concave or hollow side of the wad being next the shot. The
object is that the outer wad of a cartridge shall be strongest at its outer
circumference, and of less and less substance as it comes to the centre, where
the wad may have a hole through it or not, as may be preferred.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OR APPARATUS FOR RETARDING RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1859

page_text: PRO
IONAL SPECIFICATIO
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th August
1859.
I, SWINTON BOULT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Actuary, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS OF OR APPARATUS FOR RETARDING RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the means of or apparatus for retarding
railway carriages relates to a novel mode of working the breaks which are
intended to be brought against the peripheries of the running wheels, for the
purpose of creating friction thereon, and thus retarding the progress of the
train. The breaks are arranged in pairs to act simultaneously on both sides
of all the wheels. To this end the break arms are jointed like a pair of shears,
and the upper ends of the arms are connected in any convenient manner to
5 the buffer rods, so that when these latter are driven back they shall act on the
arms, and cause the surfaces of the breaks to bear against the peripheries of
the wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS AND OTHER LIKE FASTENINGS FOR DRESSES, BELTS, OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Valda at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March 1859.
I, JOHN VALDA, of London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS AND OTHER LIKE
FASTENINGS FOR DRESSES, BELTS, OR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is
to say) :-
To apply this Invention to, say, a stud suitable for fastening the neck band
of a shirt, a loose shirt collar, and the cravat, at one operation, form, of gold
or other suitable material, a small mushroom or other suitably shaped stud
with a hollow shank or sheath, having the lower end open and the inner side
of the edge thereof formed with a collar. From another piece of gold or
other suitable material form a plain button head or any suitable flat or raised
figure to resemble a brooch or other like ornament, having a hollow vertical
shank springing from the centre of the back thereof (which will fit into the
hollow shank or sheath of the first described part). In this smaller hollow
shank is fitted one or more spring catches which expand laterally out of the
side of the shank, so that when this smaller shank is inserted into the interior
of the larger one they will expand and prevent the parts being separated in
consequence of the spring catches abutting against the under side of the
collar. These catch springs are acted upon by a stud pin or pins (or other
mechanical equivalent), which may be so formed as to constitute a portion or
portions of the ornamental face of the fastening.
This Invention is used as follows:-Insert the larger shank or sheath from

page_text: the back through suitable eyelet or button holes, then introduce the shank
of the back part of the ornamental front piece of the fastening from the front
into the sheath or hollow shank of the back piece. The two pieces are then
securely united by means of the spring catches.
This Invention may be modified so as to be applicable to a variety of 5
purposes, such as securing belts, harness, and draperies. It is also applicable
to binding studs and other purposes, and may be made of a highly ornamental
character without interfering with the utility of the Invention.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF ORNAMENTING AND FINISH- ING CERTAIN ARTICLES OF HARDWARE
Year: 1859

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Martin Billing at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 26th August 1859, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARTIN
BILLING, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS, I, the said Martin Billing, have petitioned Her Majesty to
grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters
Patent for an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF ORNAMENTING AND FINISH-
ING CERTAIN ARTICLES OF HARDWARE."
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Martin Billing, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say):-
My Invention, which has for its object the mode of ornamenting and
finishing certain articles of hardware, as aforesaid, consists in forming, by
means of separate castings, the various ornamental portions of fire-irons,
grates, and range fittings, and suspending curtain ring holders for French
bedsteads, such as the boss or knob handles and swells, or vase centres, in
place of the method of forging and turning the same as hitherto, whereby a
considerable saving in the time and cost of producing the said articles is
effected, as also a greater variety of pattern obtained. For these purposes a

page_text: metallic matrix or mould of the requisite pattern or device is made to surround
the portion of the wrought metal to be ornamented, and the molten metal
poured in, by which, through the process of chilling, the ornament is formed
and left securely fixed as required. In either case, the chilled fittings or
ornaments may be glazed or finished, and case-hardened, or otherwise, for the
purpose of obtaining a high polish if necessary; or in lieu thereof the castings
may be simply submitted to the operation of blackleading.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I would have
it clearly understood that I do not intend to confine myself to precise details
herein-before described, as the same may be varied without departing from
the general principle of these iny said improvements; but that which I do
claim as new and of my said Invention is, the mode herein described of uniting
raised ornamental castings to the above-mentioned articles, for the purposes
herein-before set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Martin Billing, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight bundred and fifty-nine.
MARTIN BILLING. (L.S.)
Witness,
F. R. DARKIN CAMPBELL,
Clerk to Messrs. Weatherdon & Co.,
77, Chancery Lane.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SLINGING HORSES, MULES, AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Gibbs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June
1859.
I, STEPHEN GIBBS, of Eddington, Parish of Herne, near Canterbury, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SLINGING HORSES, MULES, AND OTHER ANIMALS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the method of and apparatus for slinging horses
and other animals on board ship, or for veterinary purposes.
For slinging on board ship, or for veterinary purposes, where the animal is
merely required to be slung in an upright position, the apparatus consists
principally of a frame composed of four uprights and suitable transverse and
longitudinal braces supporting a bed or sling, on which the body of the animal
rests, and which is capable of being raised or lowered to suit the height of the
animal. The frame also supports a manger, and is provided with front and
breech bars, having flanges padded, against which the fore and hind parts of
the animal rest, and which are capable of adjustment, by means of chains, to
the size of the animal.
When the horse or other animal is required to be turned on its side for
veterinary purposes, there is added to this apparatus a kind of trough, consisting
of a floor and two side boards, in which the animal stands, and to which its
feet are fastened by means of "hobbles." This trough or floor is supported by

page_text: a pendant at each end suspended from the frame, and capable of turning on
pivots. Chains are connected to the floor and to windlasses, by means of
which the floor is raised and the animal turned bodily on its side. Cushions
are to be placed in suitable positions to support the various parts of the
animal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RIFLED ORDNANCE AND ITS PROJEC- TILES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sir William George Armstrong at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on. the
9th March 1859.
I, Sir WILLIAM GEORGE ARMSTRONG, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the
County of Northumberland, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RIFLED ORDNANCE AND ITS PROJEC-
TILES," to be as follows:-
In rifled ordnance as heretofore made (other than breech-loading ordnance),
the loading, owing to the necessary tightness of the fit, presents serious
practical difficulties, which it is the object of this Invention to avoid. For
this purpose I cause the projectile, fitted with suitable fillets or projections on
one side, to enter the piece of ordnance by one, and to leave it by another
track, the projectile and the interior of the pieco of ordnance being so adapted
to each other, as that the projectile on entering, and throughout the loading
of the piece of ordnance, shall be free and easy to move, but on leaving
the piece of ordnance shall be sufficiently tight to preserve the steadiness
essential to precision of action. The projectile, in addition to the ordinary
projections on projectiles adapted for rifled ordnance, is furnished with certain
piece or pieces of a soft material, which will crush and prevent any jamming,
or too great tightness, as the projectile leaves the piece of ordnance.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS. OF SCALE BEAMS, AND FITTINGS USED THEREWITH
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Frederick Woodward at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1859.
I, RICHARD FREDERICK WOODWARD, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS.
OF SCALE BEAMS, AND FITTINGS USED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates to such scale beams as are or may be made of
iron and steel, and fittings used with the said scale beams, that is to say, the
cheeks in which the beam is suspended and turns, and the pendants which
hang on the bottoms of the cheeks. My said Invention consists in making the
said scale beams and fittings by the process of stamping instead of by forging.
In making scale beams according to my Invention, I employ a pair of dies
and a stamp of the ordinary kind. The bar of iron of which the beam is to be
made, and the pieces of steel to be inserted in the middle and at the ends of
the beam, are raised to a welding heat, and placed in their proper relative
positions in the lower die, and the upper die is made to fall thereon and weld
the pieces of iron and steel together, and fashion them into a roughly formerl
beam, which may be finished by filing and other requisite treatment.
making the cheeks, I use a pair of dies of the form of the said cheeks,
excepting that the lower part of the cheeks are situated in a plane at right
angles to that in which they are required to be situated in the finished cheeks.
After the cheeks have been formed by stamping the heated metal in the said
dies, the lower part of each cheek is twisted, so as to bring it into its proper
In

page_text: position. The cheeks may be finished by filing or otherwise. I make
pendants for scale beams by the use of a pair of dies and a stamp, and
finish them by filing or otherwise. The iron is raised to a welding heat in
stamping both cheeks and pendants, and pieces of steel, also raised to a
welding heat, are inserted in those parts of the cheeks on which the knife edge
of the beam rests. In manufacturing scale beams and cheeks of common
quality, pieces of steel need not be inserted therein.
A PECULIAR MODE OR METHOD OF DYEING LACE OR OTHER FABRICS, AND MAKING THE SAME INTO BONNET AND CAP FRONTS, OR OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Wood and William Wood, both of the Town
and County of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturers, for the
Invention of "A PECULIAR MODE OR METHOD OF DYEING LACE OR OTHER
FABRICS, AND MAKING THE SAME INTO BONNET AND CAP FRONTS, OR OTHER
ARTICLES."
Sealed the 2nd December 1859, and dated the 4th June 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Wood and William
Wood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 4th June 1859.
We, JAMES WOOD and WILLIAM WOOD, both of the Town and County of
the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A PECULIAR MODE OR METHOD OF DYING LACE OR
OTHER FABRICS, AND MAKING THE SAME INTO BONNET AND CAP FRONTS, OR OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in a peculiar mode or method of dying lace or other
fabrics, which are intended to be made up, and which we afterwards make up
into bonnet or cap fronts, rouches, insertions, or other articles, and is as

page_text: follows:-We
follows: We first place the lace or other manufactured article in such lengths
or divisions as may be required, and then wrap them in cords suitable for our
purpose; we then dip them in dye liquid, so as to obtain any particular color
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th July
1859. A communication from abroad by Monsieur de la Fenestre, of
24, Rue Meslay, Paris, in the Empire of France.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," a communication
from abroad by Monsieur de la Fenestre, of 24, Rue Meslay, Paris, in the
Empire of France, to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to a novel mode of treating peat, lignite, and other
similar substances whereby an artificial fuel is produced of a more gaseous and
conbustible nature than has hitherto been obtained.
The essential feature of this Invention is the carburation or hydro-carbu-
ration of peat and other similar fuel by a wet process, the object being to
obtain as much hydrogen as possible in the fuel, and expel the oxygen, which
may be effected in various ways. According to one method the peat is passed
through bruising rollers, or other reducing apparatus, over a vessel containing
ammoniacal water, which soaks the peat at the same time that it undergoes the
bruising process, the object of the operation being to thoroughly impregnate
the peat with the alkali. Another process consists in substituting two
successive baths for the one above referred to, the one containing a ferro-

page_text: cyanide of ammonia and potassium, and the second a metallic chloride or an
acetate of iron. By this process also the peat may be charged with alumina
or any neutral body by using a bath of dilute ammonia, and a bath of acetate
of alumina. The process may also be accomplished by the aid of fermenting
agents, such as yeast, albumen, caseine, &c. The result of the action of the
alkalies upon the peat is that the peat assumes the properties of an acid
relatively to the bases, and offers facility for the introduction therein, either by
simple or double decomposition, or of hydro-carburetted salts, or of greater or
Jess quantities of carburets or hydro-carburets, and thereby augment considerably
the combustible value of the fuel, and its gas producing powers; carburetted
peat being found to produce as much gas and coke as pit coal. The peat
prepared as herein-before described is finally manufactured into a suitable
form for the market by compression as is well understood in the manufacture
of artificial fuel.
This carburetted peat on leaving the bruisers or rollers may be employed as
a cement for uniting and agglomerating into one mass the waste or fragments
of various combustible materials, such as lignite, wood, charcoal, coal dust,
coke, and anthracite.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SOLIDIFYING, PRESSING, AND MOULDING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st April 1859. A communication from Felix Dehaynin, residing at
Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Editor of the Mechanics' Magazine and Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
SOLIDIFYING, PRESSING, AND MOULDING," (communicated to me by Felix Dehaynin,
residing at Paris,) to be as follows:-
The present Invention relates to improvements in machinery for solidifying,
pressing, and moulding, for which Letters Patent were granted to me the
14th April 1857, No. 1053. In the Specification of the said Letters Patent
the materials after being mixed, as therein set forth, were supplied to moulding
cylinders placed horizontally, and arranged round and upon a circular bed;
the materials were moulded by being pressed into and through the moulding
cylinders by means of plungers, the plungers being connected by links to a
collar, to-and-fro motions were imparted to the plungers through a collar
driven by an excentric upon a vertical driving shaft.
The present improvements consist in driving the plungers forward directly
by means of an excentric, which subsequently draws them back again. The
plunger rods are formed with tails or projections, which enter and are guided
by grooves in a plate round the central shaft. This plate is cut away at
intervals to allow of the parts most subjected to friction being lubricated.

page_text: These improved arrangements allow of the suppression of all the connecting
links in the compressing machine, and of its diameter being considerably
reduced; the working of the machinery is simplified, and is more easily kept
in order.