Steam Boilers.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 5th July, 1892-Accepted,. 6th Aug., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Steam Boilers.
I, ELLIS FREEMAN EDGAR, Engineer, a resident of Woodbridge, in the
County of Middlesex and State of New Jersey, one of the United States of
America, and a Citizen of said United States, do hereby declare the nature of my,
invention for IMPROVED STEAM BOILERS, and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
3.
The objects of my invention are to attain a high heat; avoid creating smoke
cause the heat to be substantially uniform throughout the boiler; and, for the
purpose of furthering these objects, increasing the life of the boiler and decreasing,
its cost of maintenance, to provide a rapid circulation, though using means which
shall be so arranged as to prevent undue moisture in the steam.
The boiler which embodies my invention is shown in the single figure, a central'
vertical sectional view, in which S, is the interior shell, S₁ the exterior shell, C, the
crown sheet, G, the grate, O, the door, , the stay bolts, A, the ash pit, D, the
steam dome, E, the draft exit, P, the steam ports or outlets, H, a circulating plate
or diaphragm, F, a priming or spatter plate, and W, W', heat accumulator and
protecting walls, they are here supported by side lugs. secured to the interior shell
of the boiler, but in very large boilers it may be necessary to provide a center
support which any boiler maker would be competent to construct. The hood and
stack commonly employed with this boiler are not shown, they being of ordinary
and common form and arrangement.
In this boiler the water line is intended to be about on a line with the upper side
of wall W.
This, it will be noticed, leaves a steam space between the crown sheet and the
upper end of the boiler. Such arrangement would be impracticable were there no
wall between the crown sheet and the fire, for in that event the flame would impinge
directly upon the crown sheet and it would be rapidly burned out and destroyed.
I have however provided for this by protecting the crown sheet, (one of the main
features of my invention) and I prefer to do it as shown, with a wall such as W1,
located just below it, with an opening, or openings, through it which shall register
with the draft exit.
This boiler is much more effective than would be a horizontal one of equal
heating surface, for the reason that the ascending atoms of consuming matter,,
stopped or partially stopped in their course, produce a species of molecular bombard-
ment, so termed, of much greater efficiency than would be the case if such atoms
were compelled to move in a horizontal direction before being substantially.
exhausted of their heat units. To heighten this result I have. introduced the
wall W,. especially to check the ascending atoms, assist to cause the molecular
bombardment and insure that the interior surface of shell S, shall receive the direct
action of the burning fuel, for this plate being closed, except at or near its edges
where the draft apertures are, which are usually in area about equal to the draft.
exit, the heat is forced against the interior side walls of the boiler and great and
even heat throughout their surface attained, and the combustion is so nearly, or
quite perfect, that little or no smoke is created.
The plate W, of itself, would partially protect the crown sheet, but if used alone,
the ascending currents upon passing through the apertures at the edge, would to
some extent impinge upon the crown sheet and though then bereft of nearly all
their heat, would still heat that sheet to a higher degree than I desire.
If the lower wall W, should be changed in construction so that the apertures

page_text: through it were at different points than as shown, then the protecting wall above it
might be of different form and might not need to extend entirely to the interior
surface of the shell,, provided it fully protected the crown sheet from undue heat;
but I desire to employ the wall W, as shown, so I also desire to employ the wall W',
as that is shown.
Having provided for heating the boiler, I also provide for utilizing that heat,
and to that end I use as an additional feature, a circulating diaphragm H.
It is circular, to conform to the shape of the boiler, is straight lengthwise from
end to end, open at top and bottom and usually extends from about the level of the
grate to, or a little above the water level.
If this alone were used, priming might take place and water be carried over into
the steam space or dome, resulting in objectionably wet steam. Indeed this might
take place if no circulating plate at all were used. I prevent this by using a
priming or spatter plate F, here a flat ring or flange extending from the interior
shell of the boiler to, or a little beyond, the line of the circulating diaphragm, but
high enough above it to avoid interference with a free circulation. I do not
confine myself to a boiler containing all of the features named, as several are
capable of independent use, but all are ureful and each aids in a finally exceedingly
satisfactory result.
The operation is as follows:
Fire being generated upon the grate, the ascending currents of atoms retained
by the wall W, which becomes highly heated, react to cause an intense, but even
heat which is forced directly upon the side walls of shell S, but prevented from.
direct contact with the crown sheet, while below W, the heat is very evenly
distributed, thus preventing undue and unequal strains upon the shell, while
utilizing the whole heating surface.
The water in contact with shell S, is heated and rises, escaping freely over the
top of diaphragm H, but prevented from being ejected into the steam space by the
priming plate F. The place of the escaping water is, of course, taken by water
from the outer side of the diaphragm passing about its lower edge and thereby a
rapid circulation is created and an even temperature maintained. This rapid circu-
lation takes place over the whole surface of that part of the shell which on the
inner side is exposed to the fire, and the formation of scale, and consequent burning
of the boiler, is thereby prevented. At the same time impurities naturally gravitate
down with the outer water and into the mud leg M, from which they may be readily
blown out of the boiler when desired. The steam easily passes around the priming,
or spatter plate, into the steam dome, from which it will issue in a comparatively
dry state.
The boiler is thus seen to be one simple in form, economical in construction, as
well as maintenance, of great durability and at the same time of high power, as its
steaming capacity is very great.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An upright shell steam boiler, having an interior shell, an exterior shell, a
draft exit, a steam space and a crown sheet, the latter being protected from the
direct action of the flame by a wall, arranged as described, all substantially as set
forth.
2. An upright shell steam boiler having an interior shell, an exterior shell, a
draft exit, a steam space, a crown sheet, a wall located near the upper end of the
fire box with an aperture or apertures therethrough at or near its extremity about
equal in area to the draft exit, and a second wall beyond the first, provided with
an aperture or apertures about equal to, or a little less in area than the aperture in
the first wall but located out of line with the aperture in said first wall, one or both
of which walls are arranged to protect the crown sheet of the boiler, all sub
stantially as set forth.

page_text: 3. In a boiler, a priming or spatter plate extending from the interior shell at a
point above the water line toward the exterior shell and between the water and the
steam space, substantially as set forth.
4. In a boiler, the combination of a circulating plate located between the inner
and outer shells of the boiler and open at the end, and a priming or spatter plate
located so far, or further above the upper end of the circulating plate, as the width
of the space between the circulating plate and the interior shell and extending
over the water (which is between the circulating plate and the interior shell),
and between said water and the steam space of the boiler, all substantially as
set forth.
1
T
101 1000
ELLIS FREEMAN EDGAR.