IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN INTO MEAL AND FLOUR
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HINTON BOVILL, of Abchurch Lanc, in the City of London, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifth day of June,
(One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine), in the twelfth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Hinton Bovill, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, Her especial license,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said George Hinton Bovill,
my exors, adiiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Hinton
Bovill, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make; use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN INTO MEAL AND
FLOUR;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said
George Hinton Bovill, shall cause a particular description of the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Hinton Bovill, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon (that is to say):-
The first part of my Invention consists in making the bed or under stone
rotate instead of the upper one, as heretofore practised.
Secondly, in an arrangement for ventilating the grinding surfaces of mill
stones, and the introduction of air through the top stone, when fixed, either
by blowing or exhaustion.
Thirdly, in exhausting the air from the cases of mill stones, combined with
the application of a blast to the grinding surfaces.
Fourthly, in separating the stive or dust of flour from the air, when
exhaustion or blast is employed, to facilitate grinding, and preventing the
dust and waste in the mill.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood, I will proceed to
describe the same. Drawing A is a transverse section of a pair of mill stones
with the air blast applied, as formerly patented by me, showing the top stone A, a
fixture, and the bottom stone B hung firmly in a cast-iron dish C to the driving
spindle D, which works through a deep collar bearing in the cross stay E, fixed to
the burst. The spindle, with the bed stone hung upon it, is raised or lowered in
the ordinary manner; F air-tight covering to eye of stone through which the
feed tube G works; H, air pipe from blowing machine, from which the supply
of air is regulated by the valve I. When the stones are set to work it is first
necessary to adjust the lower stone perfectly true and level, and then to lay
the top stone down upon it face to face; the top one is then to be secured by
the set screws a, a, a, a, to the hurst brackets b, b, the miller then lowers the
bed stone, as required for the operation of grinding; the grinding surfaces being
perfectly true to each other, can never come in contact, when the bed stone
has been lowered in the slightest degree from the upper one; and the injury
caused by the running stone resting upon the other, and destroying the
grinding faces, when short of feed on the old system, is entirely avoided; the
delivery of the meal from between the stones by the centrifugal action is much
quicker; the corn and meal being upon the revolving stone are actuated out-
wards more rapidly than if rubbed outwards by the furrows of the top stone, as
heretofore practised.
The Drawing shews a combination of other parts of my Invention hereafter
described, but this part of my Invention may be applied to stones worked with

page_text: à current of air obtained by a blast or exhaustion, or, when worked without
wind, in the ordinary manner. I may here remark, that I am aware that it
has before been tried to rotate the lower as well as the upper stone for color
mills, but which I do not claim as my Invention.
The second part of my Invention consists in introducing air pipes into the
top mill stone, so as to more freely ventilate the grinding surfaces when
currents of air are forced or exhausted through them. In the top of stone A
are placed the air pipes c, c, c, c, which open into the furrows on the face of
the stone, and are led away to the eye or back of the stone where the air is
introduced. These pipes I prefer to have of about one inch in diameter, and
as many in nuniber to the furrows in the stone so as to give a free ventilation,
in addition to the supply of air down the master lines from the eye of the stone.
I am aware that large holes have been cut in the runner stone and trumpet-
mouthed pipes introduced on to the back of the running stone, with their ends
terminating at the point of the master lines in the eye of the stone, to induce
air, if possible, so to pass between the stones; but it will be seen these
differ essentially from this part of my Invention, and have only been applied
to the top stone when running; air has also been exhausted down through the
eye of the top stone when running, and between the grinding surfaces. I
do not therefore claim this principle except when worked in combination with
a fixed upper stone.
Tu carrying out the third part of iny Invention, when working mill stoues
with a blast of air, I introduce a pipe to the mill stone case from a fan or other
exhausting machine, so as to carry off all the warm dusty air blown through
between the stones to a chamber, as hereafter described, by which the dust in
the mill is avoided and the grinding improved. And this part of my Inven-
tion relates only to sucking away the plenum of dusty air forced through the
stones, and not to employing a sufficient exhausting power to induce a current of
air between the mill stones without a blast, this having before been practised,
as above mentioned.
The fourth part of my Invention consists in straining the stive or air, which
is surcharged with fine flour, through suitable porous fabrics, which retain the
flour and allow the air to pass through; and this I accomplish by exhausting
the air from the mill-stone case or other closed chamber receiving the meal
from the stones by means of a fan or other exhausting machinery, and blow
the stive so exhausted into a chamber having its sides and top formed of one
or more thicknesses of suitable porous fabrics, to allow the air under pressure
to pass out deprived of the flour by means of this filtration. I also obtain the
same result by placing the filtering chamber between the stone case or chamber

page_text: receiving the meal and dust from the stones and the exhausting machine.
The stive or dusty air is then sucked through the filtering fabrics instead of
being blown through, and the air passing away clean as before.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would remark that I do not confine
myself to the precise details so long as the particular character of my Invention
be retained. But what I claim is,-
First, making the bed stone rotate instead of the top one, as heretofore
practised.
Second, fixing the top stone, and causing currents of air, either by ex-
haustion or pressure, to pass between the grinding surfaces of mill stones
when the top stone is so fixed, and in the introduction of the ventilating pipes
in the stones, as herein described.
Third, in exhausting the dusty air, when the same has been blown through
the grinding surfaces of the mill stones, from the stone cases or chambers
receiving the meal, as herein described.
And, lastly, I claim the passing of the dust or stive caused in the process of
grinding through suitable porous fabrics, by which the flour is filtered from the
air, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hinton Bovill, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-nine.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of December, in the
year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid George Hinton Bovill came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification.
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.

page_text: [The words in italics are in red ink in the original.]
En the Matter of a Patent granted to George Hinton Bovill, of
Abchurch Lane, in the City of London, Engineer, for his Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN INTO
MEAL AND FLOUR," bearing date at Westminster, the Fifth day of
June, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, and to which
a Specification has been duly inrolled.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the Patentee with the Clerk of the Patents of England,
according to the Statute in that case made and provided.
WHEREAS since the inrolment of my said Specification I have been
informed and believe that the making the bed or under stone rotate, instead of
the upper one, was not, at the date of my said Letters Patent, a new Inven-
tion, for which reason I wish to disclaim, aud I do hereby disclaim the
following parts of the said Specification, videlicet:-"The first part of my
"Invention consists in making the bed or under stone rotate, instead of the
upper one, as heretofore practised." Also the words following, videlicet:-
"The Drawings shew a combination of other parts of my Invention hereafter
"described, but this part of my Invention may be applied to stones worked
"with a current of air obtained by a blast or exhaustion, or, when worked with-
"out wind, in the ordinary manner. I may here remark that I am aware that
"it has before been tried to rotate the lower as well as the upper stone for
"colour mills, but which I do not claim as my Invention." Also the first
claiming clause near the end of the said Specification, videlicet:-" First,
making the bed stone rotate instead of the top one, as heretofore practised."
And in order to make the Specification consistent, and read correctly after the
parts disclaimed have been struck out, I alter the Specification by substituting
the words Firstly, Secondly, and Thirdly, for the words Secondly,"
Thirdly," and "Fourthly." And 1 further alter the said Specification by
substituting the words First part, Second part, Third part, for the words
Second part," "Third part," Fourth part." And I further alter the said
Specification by substituting the words Firstly, Secondly, for the words
'Secondly," "Thirdly," which respectively apply to the claiming clauses
E
66
66
66

page_text: which will remain. And in order that the nature and form of the Specifica-
ion, as it will remain after the Disclaimer and Alterations have been made,
nay be readily understood, I have annexed a copy thereof, altered in
red ink.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hinton Bovill, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
GEORGE HINTON BOVILL. (15.)
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HINTON BOVILL, of Abchurch Lane, in the City of London, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westininster, the Fifth day
of June, in the eleventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her
heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said George Hinton
Bovill, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said George Hinton Bovill, my
exors, adñiors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said George Hinton
Bovill, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN INTO MEAL AND
FLOUR" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that T, the said
George Hinton Bovill, shall cause a particular description of the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Hinton Bovill, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-

page_text: "
The first part of my Invention consists in making the bed or under stone-rotate.
instead of the upper one, as heretofore practised. Secondly, Firstly, in an ar-
rangement for ventilating the grinding surfaces of mill stones, and the intro-
luction of air through the top stone (when fixed) either by blowing or
exhaustion. Thirdly, Secondly, in exhausting the air from the cases of mill
stones, combined with the application of a blast to the grinding surfaces.
Fourthly, Thirdly, in separating the stive or dust of flour from the air, when
exhaustion or blast is employed to facilitate grinding, and preventing the dust
and waste in the mill.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood, I will proceed
to describe the same. Drawing A is a transverse section of a pair of mill-
stones, with the air blast applied, as formerly patented by me, showing the
top stone, A, a fixture, and the bottom stone, B, hung firmly in a cast-iron
dish C to the driving spindle D, which works through a deep collar bearing
in the cross stay E, fixed to the hurst. The spindle, with the bed stone hung
upon it, is raised or lowered in the ordinary manner. F, air tight covering to
eye of stone, through which the feed tube G works. E, air pipe from blowing
machine, from which the supply of air is regulated by the valve 1. When
the stones are set to work, it is first necessary to adjust the lower stone per-
fectly true and level, and then to lay the top stone down upon it face to face;
the top one is then to be secured by the set screws a, a, a, a, to the hurst
brackets 6, 6; the miller then lowers the bed stone as required for the operation
of grinding; the grinding surfaces being perfectly true to each other, can never
come in contact, when the bed stone has been lowered in the slightest degree
from the upper one; and the injury caused by the running stone rolling upon
the other, and destroying the grinding faces when short of feed on the old
system, is entirely avoided; the delivery of the meal from between the stones
by the centrifugal action is much quicker; the corn and meal being upon the
revolving stone are actuated outwards more rapidly than if rubbed outwards
by the furrows of the top stone, as heretofore practised.
The Drawings shew a combination of other parts of my Invention hereafter
described, but this part of my Invention may be applied to stones worked with-a
eurrent of air obtained by a blast or exhaustion, or, when worked without-wind, in
the ordinary manner. I may bere remark, that I am aware that it has before-been
tried to rotate the lower-as well as the upper stone for colour mills, but-which
I do not claim as my Invention.
The second first part of my Invention consists in introducing air pipes into
the top mill stone, so as to more freely ventilate the grinding surfaces when
currents of air are forced or exhausted through them. In the top of stone A

page_text: åre placed the air pipes c, c, c, c, which open into the furrows on the face of the
stone, and are led away to the eye or back of the stone where the air is intro-
duced. These pipes I prefer to have of about one inch in diameter, and as
many in number in the furrows in the stones, so as to give a free ventilation
in addition to the supply of air down the master line from the eye of the stone.
I am aware that large holes have been cut out in the runner stone and
trumpet-mouthed pipes introduced into the back of the running stone with
their ends terminating at the point of the master lines in the eye of the stone,
to induce air, if possible, so as to pass between the stones; but it will be seen
these differ essentially from this part of my Invention, and have only been
applied to the top stone when running; air has also been exhausted down
through the eye of the top stone when running, and between the grinding
surfaces. I do not therefore claim the principle except when worked in
combination with a fixed upper stone.
In carrying out the third second part of my Invention when working mill-
stones with a blast of air, I introduce a pipe to the millstone case from a fan
or other exhausting machine, so as to carry off all the warm dusty air blown
through between the stones to a chamber, as hereafter described, by which the
dust in the mill is avoided, and the grinding improved. And this part of my
Invention relates only to sucking away the plenum of dusty air forced through
the stones, and not to employing a sufficient exhausting power to induce a
current of air between the millstones without a blast, this having before been
practised, as above mentioned.
The fourth third part of my Invention consists in straining the stive or air,
which is surcharged with fine flour, through suitable porous fabrics, which
retain the flour and allow the air to pass through; and this I accomplish by
exhausting the air from the millstone case, or other closed chamber receiving
the meal from the stones by means of a fan or other exhausting machinery,
and blow the stive so exhausted into a chamber, having its sides and top
formed of one or more thicknesses of suitable porous fabrics, to allow the air
under pressure to pass out deprived of the flour by means of this filtration. I
also obtain the same result by placing the filtering chamber between the stone
case or chamber receiving the meal and dust from the stones and the ex-
hausting machine. The stive or dusty air is then sucked through the filtering
fabrics instead of being blown through, and the air passing away clean as before.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would remark, that I do not confine
myself to the precise details, so long as the particular character of Invention
be retained. But what I claim is,--
my

page_text: First, making the bed stone-rotate instead of the top one, as heretofore
practised.
Secondly, Firstly, fixing the top stone, and causing currents of air, either
by exhaustion or pressure to pass between the grinding surfaces of mill-
stones when the top stone is so fixed, and in the introduction of the ventilating
pipes in the stones, as herein described.
Thirdly, Secondly, in exhausting the dusty air when the same has been
blown through the grinding surfaces of the mill stones, from the stone cases or
chambers receiving the meal, as herein described.
And, lastly, I claim the passing of the dust or stive caused in the process of
grinding through suitable porous fabrics, by which the flour is filtered from
the air, as herein described.
In witness whercof, T, the said George Hinton Bovill, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
This is to certify that George Hinton Bovill, of Abchurch Lane, in the
City of London, Engineer, has applied to me for leave to file with you the
above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alterations of a certain
Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to him under the Great Seal,
dated the Fifth day of June 1849, and to which the Specification was duly
enrolled. And having considered the said application, and no objection
having been made to the same, I have according granted leave to the said
George Hinton Bovill to file his said Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alterations, pursuant to the Statute 5th & 6th Will™ 4th, cap. 83.
Temple
AF CoorDY

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of April, in the year
of our Lord 1855, the aforesaid George Hinton Bovill came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration aforesaid, and all and every thing therein con-
tained and specified, in form above written. And also the Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the First day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-five.