LMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
Year: 1884

page_text: We JAMES RAPER, MASON PEARSON, and FREDERICK GILL, all of the firm of
Raper Pearson & Gill of Royal Victor Place Old Ford Road in the County of
Middlesex Brush Makers do hereby declare the nature of our invention for
LMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES, to be as
follows:-
The object of the invention is to effect the boring or piercing of the boards or
blocks of brushes to receive the bristles or other material in a more expeditious
economical and uniform manner by the employment of power therein so as to
dispense with skilled labor as much as possible.
In boring boards or blocks of brushes as at present practised great expenditure
of skilled labor and cost is inevitable and the boards are not generally produced
with complete uniformity.
In carrying out our invention we employ a moveable support or table recessed
or formed to retain the brush board or block to be bored and this table is supported
ou a frame carried by arms from a rocking shaft, rocking on a bearing attached to
another rocking bearing carried by a short shaft or spindle supported on other arms
at right angles to the former bearing capable of rising and falling in other bearings
supported from the framing of the apparatus-attached to the table at the one side
thereof by hinged or universal joints are links or arms attached to other arms or
short shafts above by similar joints which arms again are attached to bars or slides
which are capable of sliding in guides applied to the framing and the links to the
opposite side of the table are attached to rocking arms which rock on centres also
applied to the framing at one end and these arins are attached at about the middle
to other bars also sliding on guides as already described in reference to the links
for the other side of the table. Attached to these bars are arms with surfaces
adapted to operate with the pegs or projections of jacquard surfaces or cards, or
other similar pattern surface which control the movements of the table.
Above the adjustable table or support there is supported in a suitable bearing or
bearings a drill or boring instrument rotated or driven by band or other suitable
gearing and controlled to work to and from the table by suitable arms shafts and
gearing as it is required to press to through and from the work and this drill is
21

page_text: also capable of being thrown out of gear by the jacquard or pattern surface acting
on a lever or part adapted to transfer the power employed from the fast to the
loose pulley or otherwise stay the operation thereof.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-
A brush board having been placed in position and the machine set in motion the
drill descends into the board in a succession of motions to and from the table whilst
revolving and the board is meanwhile canted at the correct angle or is brought into
position correctly under the drill and shifted a space for each succeeding hole by
means of the pattern surface acting on the arms attached to the movable table and
causing it to rock or cant and rise or fall and place itself with its board being
operated upon, into the successive required positions until the desired series of
boles at the various angles desired has been completed when a part of the
pattern surface acts by means of gear to control the driving means and stop the
machine.
Springs aid the movements of the parts.
The form of pattern surface which we find well adapted to our purpose consists
of a series of linked or connected cards having pins or raised surfaces or projections
of varying heights adapted to the particular motion intended to be imparted to the
arms attached to the bars to be raised thereby and these cards are arranged in two
sets or pairs in series so that the pins or rises of one set are supporting an arın
whilst the other set is changing its card.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture or Brusnes.
We JAMES RAPER, MASON PEARSON, and FREDERICK GILL, all of the firm of
Raper, Pearson & Gill of Royal Victor Place Old Ford Road in the County of
Middlesex Brush Makers, do hereby declare the nature of our invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURER OF BRUSHES, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
The object of the invention is to effect the boring or piercing of the boards or
blocks of brushes to receive the bristles or other material in a more expeditiona
economical and uniform manner by the employment of power therein so as to
dispense with skilled labour as much as possible.
In boring boards or blocks of brushes as at present practised great expenditure
of skilled labour and cost is 'inevitable and the boards are not generally produced
with complete uniformity.
In the accompanying drawings is shown apparatus adapted to carry our invention
into practical effect.
Figure 1 shews a front view Figure 2 a side view thereof but with the stopping
and starting gearing supposed to be removed and this portion is shewn separately
in Figure 3.
a is the moveable and adjustable table or support recessed to the shape of or formed
to retain the brush board to be bored during that operation and this table a is
supported on a frame b carried by arms 61, 6₁ from such frame and these being
adjustably carried in arms c³, c² from a rocking shaft c rocking in the bearing
formed in piece d carried adjustably by the arms e, e¹ from the short cross shaft e
supported on other arms e, e' at right angles to the cross shaft e, and so as to rock
thereon these arms e, e' are capable of sliding freely in bearings es, e³ attached to
the framework A of the apparatus, as those arms e, e' with the table a and inter-
mediate parts are caused to rise and fall under the operation of controlling pattern
or selecting surfaces, to be described.
Attached to the table a at the one side thereof, by means of cup and ball joints
or such like suitable connections f¹ are links ƒ (or arms) attached to arms or
connections g¹ above, which attach them to the bars or slides h, in a similar manner
by cup and ball joints or such like connections g¹.
Attached to the other side of this table a by similar cup and ball f¹ or such like
connection is another similar arm f' which by like connection is attached to a like
slide h. These slides h are capable of sliding in guide ways formed in or applied
to the part of frame A. This part i also carries or is formed with fixed racks or
toothed surfaces into the teeth of which engage the teeth of tooth pinions j
carried by rods having suitable recesses and bearings at * for the purpose and
these rods are capable of rising and falling in bearings, as they are raised by

page_text: the slide bars k, k' as those bars are raiser and lowered by the cams 1, on the
axis m as that axis is driven by means of a suitable driving belt applied to the
pulleys n, n¹ As the present apparatus is arranged there are three rods f,f' for
suspending the table a as this arrangement is most convenient, two rods f being
at one end and the third rod f being at the middle of the other end thereof.
The rods having been raised by the slide bars k, k¹ as they descend the extent
of that descent is controlled by projecting pins or pegs o¹ from one or other of the
pattern or peg wheels o which for the time being is in operation The wheels o are
carried by axes o' applied to brackets o attached to the slide bars k, k¹ respectively
and as the toothed wheels ; carried by the rods are raised and lowered they
engage at one side, each with a fixed rack and at the other side in a sliding rack h
causing that rack slide h to each rod f and f' to be raised or lowered to and
retained at the predetermined position and thereby to set the table a at its proper
angular position successively for the operation of the drill p for the piercing of the
holes in the brush board for the bristles to be set in.
The rotation of the peg-wheel o so as in succession to bring various heights of
pegs under the pins projecting downwards from the arms projecting from
the arms, so as to control thereby the relative heights at which those rods j¹ and
thereby the angular position of the table a, is effected by means of two tooth
wheels g,q, applied each on a suitable shaft carried by the framing, taking into
teeth of formed internally of each peg wheel o such tooth wheels being caused to
rotate progressively and at proper intervals by. means of claw levers r actuating
ratchet toothed wheels 8 applied to the same axes as the wheels q and keyed to
rotate therewith and these claw levers are operated by the rising of the slide
bars, respectively to which they are connected adjustably by means of their
jointed ends being screwed at r into arms from the slide bar k or k¹
respectively. t is one of a pair of tee-pieces, pressed, with its flat edge t¹ when
down against the teeth of the wheel s in order to ensure such wheel squaring
correctly so as to bring the pegs o¹ correctly under the pins and this pressure is
derived from the spring to applied to the long leg 12 of this tee piece and held
thereto by the stay pieces to attached to the slide bars k, k², with which these pieces
rise and fall. t is an adjusting screw.
The drill p is carried in a holder p² carried by the shaft p³ which is supported
laterally so as to revolve in a bearing formed in a bracket p³ attached to the
framing A. The upper end of the shaft på is hung in socket p which has a loop p³.
through which passes the end of a lever po centred at p' to the framing A and this
lever p at its opposite end is connected adjustably to a connecting rod p³ which
rod passes down to and is connected by a stud po projecting from the face of a
tooth wheel p10 carried by a stud from a bracket p" from the base plate. This
wheel gears with another tooth wheel p¹ keyed on the shaft m and driven
thereby so that by the reciprocating motion thus produced the drill p is caused to
pass to and from the table a and through the brush board carried thereby
successively as the board is canted into various angular positions to bring a
succession of portions thereof under the boring tool p. This tool p is rotated at a
rapid rate by means of a band u from a pulley passing around the pulley pla
affixed on the drill shaft p². This pulley vis affixed to an axis or shaft v' which
receives motion from a suitable motive power by means of a band passing around
the grooved pulley v applied to it. is a treadle lever centred at by which
the rod may be raised lifting the arm v pivotted at vand by its other end v³
engaged in the groove in the collar 10, that shaft v¹ may be disconnected from
the pulley v, in which it will run freely and upon the pulley v being again lowered
the parts of the clutch v0, vll will be reengaged.
,, are bearings for the shaft v¹ carried by parts of the framing A.
When the peg wheels o have completed their desired revolutions a projection o³
applied adjustably thereto comes in contact with a projection w³ from an arm w
connected to a rod w sliding in bearings w³, w³, and attached to a cranked arm w
: .

page_text: at one end, and the other end of this cranked arm, is connected to a rod w³ which
draws the driving band off the fast onto the loose pulley n and at the same time
causes a lever to be released by loosening the cord y which passes around the
pulleys y y and is attached at-its opposite ends to the fork of the driving strap wo
and to that lever . This lever engages itself in a recess n³ in the driving
pulley n' and causes the machine to stop in a position-with the drill raised and the
parts in position for commencing a fresh series of operations on a fresh brush
board.
In order to relieve the slide bars k, k¹ of a portion of their weight we apply
thereto springs, which abut against collars & secured on those bars k, k
respectively and against brackets from the framing A engaging those slide
bars k, k¹ loosely.
is a handle lever for operating the rod w³ for starting the machine by drawing
the band back onto the driving pulley n¹.
In place of employing peg wheels o having pegs o' of varying heights in series
we sometimes employ card surfaces having pegs or projections therefrom, or other
equivalent pattern surfaces may be used to govern and control the extent of angular
movement of the table a so as to bring it step by step under the drill or boring
tool and present thereto at the desired time and in the desired successive order the
parts of the brush board to be bored,
The operation of the machine is as follows.
A brush board having been placed in position in the table a and the machine set
in motion the drill p descends into the board in a succession of motions to and
from the table, whilst revolving, and the board is meanwhile of each rise and
return of the drill canted at the correct angle or is brought into position correctly
under the drill p and shifted a space for each succeeding holo by means of the
pattern surface o' acting on the arms attached to the moveable table a and
causing it to rock or cant and rise or fall and place itself with its board being
operated upon, into the successive required positions until the desired series
of holes at the various angles desired has been completed when a part on the
pattern surface acts by means of gear to control the driving means and stop the
machine.
The pattern surfaces whether peg wheels or cards are arranged in two sots or
pairs in series and are adjusted so that the pins or rises o¹ of one set are supporting
an arm whilst the other set is changing its peg wheels position or its card
surface,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1. The arrangement or combination and use of apparatus for the manufacture of
brushes wherein the table or support carrying the article to be operated upon is
caused step by step to present portions of that article to be bored or pierced at
varying angles and adjusted distances to the boring tool by means of pattern
surfaces or equivalent means as and for the purpose substantially as set forth.
2. The arrangement or combination of the parts for supporting the article to be
bored, for the manufacture of brushes, in its successive angular positions under the
boring tool as set forth.
3. The construction and employment of pattern surfaces or cards in series with
projections, or equivalent devices, for adjusting and regulating the successive
positions and angles at which the part of a brush, or parts of brushes, to be bored
are presented to the boring tool or tools as and for the purpose substantially as set
forth.
4. The arrangement and use of pattern wheels, card surfaces with projections or
recesses, or equivalent devices acting in pairs or alternately, for effecting the

page_text: adjustment and regulation of the successive positions and angles at which the part
or parts carrying the brush board or boards to be bored is or are presented to the
boring tool or tools substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. The general arrangement and combination of parts forming apparatus for the
manufacture of portions of brushes as set forth.
Dated this 18th day of July 1885.
W BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the said James Raper, Mason Pearson,
and Frederick Gill,