FOR CERTAIN NEW METHODS OF REARING, TRAINING, CULTIVATING, AND BRINGING TO PERFECTION ALL KINDS OF FRUIT-BEARING TREES, SHRUBS, AND PLANTS, VINES, PINES, MELONS, AND CUCUMBERS, AND ALL SORTS OF CULINARY AND ESCULENT PLANTS, WHETHER INDIGENOUS OR EXOTIC, AND ALL KINDS OF TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, AND FLOWERS IN GENERAL, WHICH REQUIRE AN ACCUMULATED AND ARTIFICIALLY INCREASED DEGREE OF THE NATURAL HEAT OF THE SUN TO BRING
Year: 1785

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PHILIP
LE BROCQ, of Lymington, in the County of Southampton, Clerk, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the
Fifth day of December, in the twenty-sixth year of the reign, did give and
grant unto me, the said Philip Le Brocq, my exors, admors, and assigns, His
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Philip Le Brocq, my exors, adññors, and assigns, should and lawfully might,
for the term of years therein expressed, make, use, exercise, and vend, within
that part of His said Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called England,
the Dominion of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
"FOR CERTAIN NEW METHODS OF REARING, TRAINING, CULTIVATING, AND BRINGING
TO PERFECTION ALL KINDS OF FRUIT-BEARING TREES, SHRUBS, AND PLANTS, VINES,
PINES, MELONS, AND CUCUMBERS, AND ALL SORTS OF CULINARY AND ESCULENT
PLANTS, WHETHER INDIGENOUS OR EXOTIC, AND ALL KINDS OF TREES, SHRUBS,
PLANTS, AND FLOWERS IN GENERAL, WHICH REQUIRE AN ACCUMULATED AND
ARTIFICIALLY INCREASED DEGREE OF THE NATURAL HEAT OF THE SUN TO BRING

page_text: THEM TO MATURITY OR TO HASTEN THEIR GROWTH; AND ALSO CERTAIN METHODS
OF DEFENDING AND PROTECTING THEIR BLOSSOMS, FRUITS, LEAVES, AND FLOWERS
FROM COLD WINDS AND ALL NOXIOUS INFLUENCES OF THE AIR, AND FROM VERMIN
AND INSECTS OF ALL KINDS;" in which said recited Letters Patent is contained
a proviso, obliging ine, the said Philip Le Brocq, by an instrument under iny
hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar month
next after the date of the said Letters Patent, as by the said recited Letters
Patent, relation being thereunto bad, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Philip Le Brocq, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in manner and form following, that is to say:-
Whereas, from the present method of rearing and training fruit trees by
means of garden walls, not only great expences are necessarily incurred, as well
in the erection and repairs of the walls themselves as in the purchasing,
procuring, and cultivating the vast extent of ground which is requisite to build
them upon, in order to have fruit trees in any quantity, but also many incon-
veniences and impediments arise in the rearing, training, and preserving of
the fruit trees, since, from the very construction of walls, it is impossible for
them, in the best of situations, to enjoy the benefit of the heat of the sun
but for a few hours in the day; and since, from their heighth and eleva-
tion, they stand continually exposed to the noxious influence of cold winds
and destructive blights, which so frequently kill and cut off the most pro-
mising blossoms, and frustrate the most sanguine hopes of the gardener;
now know ye, that the nature and chief principle of this my Invention
is, rearing, training, and preserving of vines and fruit trees of all kinds in
such a manner as not only to produce a much larger quantity of fruit, in
many cases within a smaller compass of land, and at a much less expence, than
can be done by any other means as yet practised, but also to aid and assist
them in their growth, to accelerate the ripening of the fruit, and to bring
them to a much greater degree of perfection; and this I do by being able, by
this my new-invented method, to place the trees in such situations that they
shall receive the benefit of the heat of the sun from the time of it's rising to
it's setting; to cause, that heat to be diminished or increased as occasion may
require, and at the same time to shelter, protect, and preserve the trees and
plants from winds, blights, and insects, which are so inimical to vegetation in
general, and to fruit trees in particular. Now, this my new-invented method.

page_text: of rearing, training, and preserving fruit trees, &c. is founded upon the following
principle, namely, of causing banks or beds to be made of earth, gravel, stones,
clay, or of any another materials, near to, upon, or on the side of which the
vines, fruit trees, or shrubs are caused to grow, which banks or beds are
properly encompassed, surrounded, or sheltered agreeable to their various
situations. Now, these banks or beds may be made either below, upon a
level with, or above the surface of the earth. But as each method is founded
upon the same principle, I shall only particularly describe in what manner I
raise, train, and preserve vines, fruit trees, shrubs, and plants, means of
banks or beds made below the surface of the earth, which I prefer to either
of the other methods, and which, when described, it will be casy for any one to
comprehend in what manner this my Invention may be done or performed by
means of banks or beds made either upon a level with or above the surface of
the earth.
My method of rearing, raising, training, and preserving of vines, fruit trees,
shrubs, and plants of all kinds, by means of banks or beds below the surface
of the earth, is as follows:-Having fixed upon the spot on which the vines,
fruit trees, or shrubs are to be planted, I cause a ditch or trench to be sunk or
dug, from six inches to one, two, or three feet in depth, and from six to seven
feet in breadth, or of any depth, breadth, and length, as choice may direct
or the different circumstances may require. This trench or ditch may be made
in
any direction and of any shape; if, however, there may be no impediment,
it is better for it to extend longitudinally from cast to west, that the rays of
the sun may fall upon every part of it, in angles the most nearly right to the
surface of the bank on which the trees are to be trained; or it may be made
in the form of a semicircle or segment of a circle, the one termination of the
right-lined basis of which should be exactly east, the other exactly west, and
the middle part of it (whether the convex or concave part is not very material,
but the concave would be better) may have a full and uninterrupted opening
or aspect to the south. In the sinking or digging of this trench or diteli,
care must be taken to separate all the vegetable carth, loam, or mould from
the stones, gravel, pebbles, and such other materials as are useless in
promoting vegetations, the one being used as the soil or bed in which the
vines, fruit trees, shrubs, &c. are to be planted and take root, the other
forming the basis of the bank or bed upon or against which the said trees are
caused to grow and extend themselves; the former serving the same purposes
as the border or bed to a garden wall, the latter as a substitute for a garden
wall. In order, however, to distinguish them clearly from each other, as
I shall herein-after have frequent occasion to mention them, and the word

page_text: bed may be equally applicable to both, the one I shall call the borders, the
other the bank. The stones, gravel, pebbles, and such materials being so
seperated from the earth or mould, I cause them to be laid or spread on the
north side of the said trench or ditch in a direction either longitudinal, semi-
circular, or otherwise, agrecable to the shape or form of the trench or diteb,
always, however, placing them on the north side thereof, which stones,
gravel, &c., form the basis of the bank above mentioned. Upon these, if it
be necessary to raise the bank higher, any other useless materials may be laid,
spread, or placed, so as to elevate the same to any heighth required; but at
the top, or over all, equally in every part thereof, to the depth of three, four,
five, or six inches, or more if thought requisite, such materials as most
strongly reflect the rays of the sun should be placed or spread, such as sand,
stones, flints, pebbles, gravel, ashes, cinders, brick-dust, soot, clay of any
kind, marle, chalk, loam, rubbish, shells of any kind, or boards, planks, staves,
or shingles, or mortar, cement, or incrustations of any kind, or straw, reeds,
rushes, oziers, willows, or wicker work, or tiles, bricks, slates, lead, or, in short,
anything which does not in bibe, but, in any degree, the stronger the better,
reflects the rays of the sun. Upon the top, or over all, a slight frame of
wood may be thrown, to which the trees may be fastned, at such a distance
from the surface of the bank as shall be found necessary, in order to keep the
fruit clean, and to prevent them from touching or resting upon the bank.
But no such frame is absolutely necessary, as the trees may be pegged aud
fastned down to the bank by any other means; and pieces of tiles, slate, glass,
or other materials may be placed under the fruit to keep them seperate and
detached from the surface of the bank. The width of this bank, from south
to north, may be from eight to fifteen feet, or more or less, according to the
extent of the natural full growth of the trees which you wish to raise, from
.their stems at the surface of the earth to the extremities of their branches.
The surface or top of the bank may be made either horizontal and level, or
inclined, but in most cases I prefer it being inclined, so as that the back or
north part thereof shall be proportionably higher than the front or south part
thereof, in the form and declivity of the surface of a melon frame, or nearly
in a angle of twenty-two degrees and an half, or any other which shall be
preferred. From the nature and principle of these banks two advantages
obviously arise, the one that, from their construction and from the materials,
such as sand, &c., spread over the surface of the same, the fruit trees will be
in a great measure preserved from snails, insects, and noxious vermin; and
the other, that the banks may be made in any degree of inclination whatever,
from the perpendicular to the horizontal, in any aspect towards any part of

page_text: the heavens, so that the fruit trees, plants, shrubs, and flowers trained in this
manner may receive the benefit of the heat of the sun from the time of it's
appearing above the horizon in the morning until it's sinking below it in the
evening. Having thus raised the bank upon or against which the trees are
to grow on the north side of the trench or ditch, the next thing to be prepared
is the border or bed above mentioned, in which the trees, shrubs, and flowers
are to be planted, for it may be remembered that the bank or bed above
described is to answer no other purpose than as a garden wall. The vegetable
earth, loam, or mould, seperated as above mentioned from the gravel, stones,
and pebbles dug up and taken out of the trench or ditch, is now placed,
strewed, or laid in the south front of the bank above mentioned, and is made
to form a border or bed extending itself the whole length of the bank, in the
same manner and answering the same end, as before observed, as the border
or bed to a garden wall in which the fruit trees which grow up against the
same are planted. In order to form this border, any other materials may be
mixed with the earth and mould above mentioned to enrich or manure the
the same as may be found necessary. The width and depth of this border
must be likewise accommodated to the particular trees, shrubs, or flowers to
be planted therein; and the surface of it below the surface of the bank above
mentioned, against and upon which the trees are to grow, may be from five
or six inches to one, two, or more feet, according to the length of the stem of
the trees to be planted therein. The trees may be planted in the same
border about three or four inches, or more or less distant from the bank
above mentioned, as may be found necessary. It is in this border that shrubs,
flowers, and plants of all kinds, whether culinary and esculent, indigenous or
exotic, may be planted, reared, and preserved. The remaining part of the
sunken trench or ditch parallel to the border last above mentioned may be
covered with gravel, sand, or any other materials, and serve as a walk
whereby any one may easily come at the trees and plants to prune, water, and
attend them. This walk should decline a little from north to south, and
if possible, from one end of it to the other, or from the middle towards each
extremity, that the rain or moisture of any kind may easily run off. In order
to prevent the back or north part of the bank above mentioned, or any part of
the trench or ditch, from bulging, giving way, or falling, piles, posts, or stakes
may be driven in to prop up the same, or such other means taken to render
the same safe and secure as may be found necessary. Having thus com-
pleated the trench, bank, border, and walk, the chief component parts of this
my method of raising fruit trees, &c., on the above principle, nothing remains
to be done but to take care that the sides, front, and back of the trench or

page_text: ditch which is made to surround and encompass the bank and border above
mentioned be always proportionably higher than the top or surface of the said
bank on which the trees are to grow and extend themselves, in order to be a
proper and sufficient defence and protection thereto. At the proper season of
the year the fruit trees, shrubs, and flowers may be planted, and all such trees, !
shrubs, and plants which now grow and are trained by means of garden walls,
or in common open beds, will be found to flourish, gain strength, and arrive
to a much greater degree of perfection by this my method of rearing
and cultivating them, the advantages, indeed, which accrue therefrom,
even in its most simple and natural state, as above described, being great
and essential to the promoting vegetation, since it must be obvious to
all that, from the very situation of the trees, shrubs, and flowers so
planted, reared, and trained by means of such banks and borders or beds
above mentioned, they must be in a great measure if not totally preserved.
from chilling blasts and destructive vermin, at the same time that they must
almost continually enjoy the beneficial influence of the sun.
But as it may be frequently necessary, and must always be advantageous, to
be able at certain times and seasons to aid, assist, and promote vegetation by
an increased and accumulated degree of heat, and as certain fruits, plants, and
exotics will not flourish in the clime without it, I shall here shew in what
manner this may be produced, how it may be regulated, and by what means
this my method may be applied to the rearing and training of all kinds of
trees, shrubs, and plants, as well the most strong and hardy which grow in the
open garden, as the most tender and delicate which can be reared only in
hothouses. The most simple, cheap, and easy way of obtaining an increased
heat (provided it is only wanted in a small degree) is, the placing between the
surface of the bank and the light wooden frame to which the fruit trees are
fastened such materials as will strongly reflect the rays of the sun, such as
broken glass, flint stones, oyster shells, and the like. But in order to increase
the heat to a still greater degree, wooden frames may be made to fit the bank,
preserving, however, the same degree of inclination as the banks themselves,
the north side thereof being proportionably higher than the south. Upon these
frames, glasses or oiled papers may be placed, so as to slide thereon, or open
in any other direction; and within these frames reflecting mirrors, if necessary,
may be fixed, which will serve still further to augment the natural heat of the
sun. It is observable that in the front of these wooden frames, near to the
surface of the bank, holes or apertures must be made to suffer the stems of the
trees planted in the borders below to pass through. If, however, neither of the
above methods should produce sufficient heat for the purpose required, it may.

page_text: be obtained in any degree by the following means:-Erect or build a wall at
the back, front, and sides of the bank, to any heighth that may be thought best,
preserving, however, such an inclination as that the back or north side thereof
shall be always proportionably higher than the front or south side thereof.
Upon the top of this wall let glass or oiled paper frames (but glass ones are
preferable) rest or be placed so as to slide thereon or open in any other
manner, which glass or oiled paper frames may either totally or in part (as
may be requisite) cover and be extended over the top of the banks on which
the trees or plants are caused to grow. It is better for them, however, to
cover the banks compleatly and closely all over, and to reach a little beyond
the extremities of the walls. In the south or front wall holes or apertures
must be made, as before described, for the purpose of letting the stems of the
vines, trees, &c., planted in the borders below to pass through. The wall or
enclosure which thus surrounds and forms the frame of the bank may be made.
of any materials, either, brick, stone, lath and plaister, clay, or wood. The
frame being thus compleated, the heat within may be increased to almost any
degree required. Reflecting materials and reflecting mirrors, as above men-
tioned, may be used, which, on being properly disposed, will augment the heat
without scorching or injuring the trees or plants. On the outside of the wall
or inclosure which forms the back of the bank, or which is erected on the
north side thereof, hot beds may be raised or placed, and the wall or enclosure.
may either be made proportionably thin, or holes or apertures may be made
therein, so as that the heat or warmth of the hot beds may be transmitted
through. These hot beds, of whatever materials they may be formed, may be
removed and changed as often as it may be requisite. Within the walls or
frame, on the north side of the bank, flues, funnels, or chimneys, of any shape
or form, may be made either of brick, stone, or any other substances, with a
fireplace at one or both ends thereof, by which additional heat may be given
at pleasure, or any other means may be taken to increase, augment, and
regulate the heat which the gardener chooses to adopt. By increasing the
natural heat of the sun, and adding other artificial heat in the manner above
described, any trees, shrubs, or flowers, even' pines, exotics, and the most
tender plants, may be reared, trained, and brought to perfection, which may
either be planted in mould spread upon the surface of the bank of a sufficient
depth, or in any other materials which are most favourable to their growth, or
be put in pots or tubs immersed in the bank or set or placed upon the surface
thereof. Upon all occasions a thermometer may be suspended within the
frame at an equal distance from the fires, in order to regulate and adjust the
degree of heat. Thus, upon the principle above mentioned, any degree of

page_text: heat whatsoever suited to the particular trees, shrubs, or plants required to be
reared or trained may be procured in the greatest perfection at a moderate
and trifling expence.
Moreover, this principle of digging trenches or ditches, and rearing and
training trees or plants, below the surface of the earth, may be applied to
various other purposes. Agreeable to the above method complent green-
houses or hothouses may easily be formed. Having sunk or dug a pit or
trench of three or four feet in depth below the surface of the earth, and from
ten to fifteen in breadth, or of any depth, breadth, or length which may be
found most convenient, the sides whereof should have a declivity from the
surface of the ground towards the floor, area, or bottom of the said pit or
trench, the north side in particular, so that the floor, area, or bottom should
be much less in surface and extent than the mouth, top, or opening, let the
sides be lined with bricks, tiles, slates, lath and plaister, mortar, cement, clay,
or any other substances, and let the floor or area be paved with stones or
bricks, or covered over with sand, gravel, cinders, brickdust, or any other
proper materials. On the adjacent ground, at the mouth or opening of the
pit, at a proper distance from the edges thereof, on the north, east, and west
sides, a real roof, with any acclivity and of any heigth, as shall be found most
proper, must be raised, and covered with tiles, mats, &c., or thatched, which
roof should not extend over more than one fourth or one third part, at most, of
the mouth or opening of the pit; the remainder (southward) to be covered
with glass or oiled paper, placed sloping or inclined, and a small extent of
glass may likewise be placed with the same southern aspect perpendicularly,
forming a kind of southern front thereto, extending from the one end to the
other, or from cast to west. The ground before it may be made to slope
gently towards the glass front, and may be covered over with sand or gravel to
reflect the heat towards the same. At one end an entrance into this subter-
ranean house, if I may so call it, .must be made to shut very close. The
inside may be fitted up in any manner as may be most agreeable, and benches
rising one above another may be made, upon which pots or tubs may be placed
or set. In order to aid, assist, and promote the vegetation of the trees,
shrubs, or plants as much as possible, it would be adviseable to have to this
house a false bottom or flooring, underneath which hot beds made of dung, tan,
bark, or any other heating materials, may be placed, which may be removed and
changed at pleasure. These false bottoms or floorings may be made either of
thin wood, or of hurdles, oziers, willows, or. wicker-work, which may be covered
with matting, rushes, coarse cloths, or sand, gravel, dust, or, in short, with any
materials, it being of no consequence of what substance or in what manner

page_text: this false bottom or flooring is made, provided it is so constructed as to suffer
the heat to be transmitted from the hot beds below impartially and equally to
the trees, shrubs, and plants placed thereon. In this manner the choicest and
most tender plants, fruit trees of any kind, and orange and lemon trees, may
be preserved or planted and cultivated with success. Care must be taken that
the rain and all kinds of moisture are properly carried off and conveyed away
by spouts, pipes, and drains.
Again, upon this principle, vines, fruit trees, plants, and shrubs of
all kinds may be reared, trained, and preserved with great case and
advantage by means of trenches sunk or dug below the surface of the earth
in the shape and form of furrows running longitudinally from north to
south, so as that the sun when at it's meredian may shine with equal heat on
both sides thereof. These trenches or furrows may be from three, four, or
five to eight, ten, or twelve feet deep, and of the same proportionable breadth,
or more or less, as occasion may require, and of any length that may be most
convenient. The sides of these trenches or furrows should not be perpen-
dicular, but inclined in any angle that may be thought best to receive the beat
of the sun. They should also be covered with tiles, bricks, stone, chalk, gravel,
sand, or any of the materials above mentioned, which most strongly reflect the
heat of the sun, and a frame of woodwork, as above mentioned, may be thrown
over the sainc, to which the vines and trees may be fastened. At the bottom
of these trenches or furrows, borders or beds should be formed of proper
mould and vegetable loam or scil, in which the trees, shrubs, or flowers are to
be planted of depth proportionable to the trees, &c., that are to grow therein.
In order to carry off and convey away the rain or moisture which may fall and
settle there, a little drain or furrow may be made in the middle of the border
at the bottom of these trenches or ditches, in any shape or form that may be
most convenient. The chief benefit and advantage derived from this mothod
is, that of being able to produce a large quantity of fruit within a smull
compass of land, for on a spot of ground of the breadth of eight or ten feet or
less, the advantages derived from two garden walls of equal extent and of the
most advantageous southern aspects are obviously obtained. One border or
bed at the bottom of these trenches or furrows may serve the purpose for the
trees, vines, &c. which grow up against both of the sides thereof, to be planted
and take root in. If, however, it be thought preferable there may be a
distinct border or bed to each side, and a walk composed of gravel, sand, or
any other materials be formed between. These trenches, if it should at any time
be thought necessary to increase the heat, may be with ease covered over either
by means of slight frames in the form of a roof thrown over the same, on

page_text: which oiled paper may be placed, or by glasses properly fitted and adapted to
the place. But the most beneficial method of covering over these trenches or
furrows, and which I would chiefly recommend, is, glass frames made in the
shape of a ridge or roof of a house, inverted and placed in the furrow or
trench like a wedge, with its sharp top downwards, supported on the top
or sides of the trench or furrow, by which means the rays of light are
reflected on all sides, and on or against whichever side of the trench the sun
may shine, the opposite side will receive the benefit of a strong reflected heat;
the same methods of increasing the heat by making use of cut glass, flint stones,
reflecting mirrors, and the like, may be here also used as in the methods above
described; these trenches or furrows may be made in rows of any number,
and of an extent as the place will admit of, or the quantity of fruit to be
obtained may require.
may
Again, upon this principle holes or pits may be dug and made, in
which single pots or tubs may be set, or trees, shrubs, and flowers
planted, over the top, mouth, or opening of which glasses or oiled frames
be placed; which method will be found very convenient in order to rear
or preserve any particular tree, plant, or flower from the inclemency of the
weather. These holes or pits may, if necessary, be lined with tiles, bricks,
plaister, cement, or any other materials; and on the top or surface of the pot
or tub in which the tree, shrub, or flower is planted about five or six inches
in depth, or more or less, sand, gravel, cinders, or any other reflecting
materials, as above mentioned, may be spread, in order to increase the heat,
and accelerate the growth of the tree, shrub, or flower planted therein.
I have various other ways of rearing and training trees and plants by means
of trenches, holes, or apertures below the surface of the earth (which method
I find chiefly useful and advantageous), but they are too numerous to be
here described. Let it however be observed, that it is of no essential con-
sequence of what shape or form, or of what depth, length, or breadth, the
trenches, pits, or holes are made, or of what substances and in what manner
the framework, supporters, or necessary appendages thereto belonging are
erected, or what materials are used to increase and augment the natural heat,
provided they are to produce the effect or effects, or are founded upon the
principle herein above described, namely, that of rearing, raising, training, and
preserving fruit trees, vines, and other trees, shrubs, and plants, by means of
"beds or banks, trenches or furrows, holes or pits. dug, sunk, made and formed
below the surface of the earth.
Having thus fully described my method of rearing, raising, and preserving
.of fruit trees, vines, plants, &c. upon the principle first above mentioned, to

page_text: wit, by means of banks or beds below the surface of the earth, it must be
obvious to all, in what manner this my Invention may be done and performed,
upon either of the other principles, namely, by banks or beds made and formed
either upon a level with or above the surface of the earth, since the same
directions precisely must likewise here be pursued, excepting the method of
forming a substitute for the trench or ditch by way of defence and protection
from the winds and blights; this defence or protection being one great
advantage, which in all cases is obtained by this my method of rearing and
training fruit trees, vines, plants, and the like; there are various ways of effecting
this. The bank and bed in which the trees, &c. are planted and grow, may
be surrounded by pales or woodwork, or a fence be made by oziers, hurdles,
wickerwork of any kind, or such like materials. But the best plan, and that
which is most agreeable to the eye, is a thick plantation of trees, firs, forest
trees, or any other trees, or hedgerows, or evergreens, which trees may be so
planted and disposed as to occasion an agreeable and pleasing variety in a
garden, at the same time that they answer the end proposed, of sheltering the
fruit trees, plants, &c. from cold and blights. The beds, banks, and walks
around or on the side of the same, may in this case be made in the same
directions, shape and form, and of the same materials as above described.
The heat, too, may be increased or augmented in the same manner, or they
may be made in any other directions, shape, or form, as may be most agreeable
to the judgment or taste of the gardener; still keeping the two grand objects in
view, namely, of defending them by some of the means above mentioned from
the cold, and at the same time exposing them as much as possible to the heat
of the sun.
The advantages attendant upon and accruing from this my new-invented
method of rearing and raising vines, fruit trees, and plants, by thus sheltering
them from winds, keeping them free from insects, and causing them to enjoy
the heat of the sun for a much greater length of time and to any increased
degree, must be obvious to all in anywise conversant with the principles of
gardening and vegetation; but there is still one other advantage peculiar to
this my method, which, as it is not of the least importance, may perhaps
without impropriety be mentioned here, namely, that upon the principles
herein-before mentioned, vines and fruit trees of all kinds may be reared,
trained, and preserved in any soil and upon any spot of ground, however
barren, stony, or uncultivated, since it may appear from the description
above given, that it is of no consequence of what substance, soil, or materials
the banks, beds, trenches, furrows, or pits are made upon or against which the
vines and trees are to grow, provided there be but sufficient soil and mould for

page_text: them to be planted and take root in. Waste ground at present, unpleasing
and unprofitable to the owner, may thus be rendered both agreeable and
advantageous.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philip Le Brocq, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of December, in the year of 5
our Lord One thousand seven hundred and eighty-five, and in the
twenty-sixth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third,
by the grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King,
Defender of the Faith, and so forth.