matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN GIVING MOTION TO SHIPS AND OTHER FLOATING BODIES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Cochrane at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th July 1870.
I, ALEXANDER COCHRANE, of 9, Wilton Place, St. John's Wood,
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GIVING MOTION TO SHIPS AND OTHER FLOATING BODIES," to
be as follows:-
My improvements consist in arranging a number of stations at given
distances on the water, so that I may draw a vessel through the water
at any speed I may require. These stations may be built in the sea, as
between Dover and Calais, and along the shores of England, or of any
country so as to have steam engines of sufficient power to draw vessels
of various tonnage, but when I cannot build these stations I place large
vessels of sufficient weight and tonnage at anchor with steam engines
therein to draw any smaller vessel from distance to distance at the speed
required. But on waters where I cannot form an anchorage I have
vessels of vast tonnage kept at equal distances of one, two, or more
miles, so that by means of the steam engine and rope or chain from the
vessel of vast tonnage to the smaller vessel that is to be drawn at the

page_text: speed required I pass the smaller vessel with passengers and goods
from station to station.
In some cases I use the ordinary chain or rope to connect the vessels
and allow it to drag along the ground at bottom of sea or water. In
other cases I keep the chain or rope floating on surface of water by means
of corks, &c. And in some cases I keep the pulling or drawing rope or
chain confined by suitable machinery at bottom of sea, and allow only
a small rope the depth of water or sea to reach the smaller vessel that is
drawn along so as not to impede the navigation for other vessels. When
the smaller vessel has to go at great speed it is necessary to have a shield
to prevent the spray of water sinking the vessel or to the injury of
passengers or goods.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND OR EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR GUN- POWDER.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jules Fournier, of 1, East India Avenue, in the
City of London, Chemist, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
COMPOUND OR EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR GUN-
POWDER.
"
Sealed the 14th April 1870, and dated the 21st February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jules Fournier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1870.
I, JULES FOURNIER, of 1, East India Avenue, in the City of London,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND OR EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE
FOR GUNPOWDER," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the combination of materials or substances
for producing an explosive compound to be used as a substitute for
gunpowder in blasting, fire-arms, and other similar purposes.

page_text: I take a quantity of flinty or chalky material and reduce the same to
powder in the ordinary manner. I then remove the chloride or
carbonate of chalk, as is usual, and place a certain quantity of it in a
vessel in which some urine is placed; this mixture is heated over a fire
until it boils, and the boiling is continued until all the urine is
evaporated, and the mixture is nearly dry; it is then removed and laid
or spread out on a fabric to finally dry it, when the substance will be
found to be in crystals. A little salt is thrown upon the surface of the
mixture while. in the vessel to assist the crystallization. When the
-mixture-is-thoroughly_dry I mix a certain quantity of charcoal with it,
and after a few days it will be fit for use. A compound of any colour
may be produced by mixing a quantity of colouring matter with it.
As an example of the proportions of the different materials I prefer,
I give the following:-
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC EYELETS AND IN SHANKS TO BUTTONS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Calver and Edward
Hincs at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th August 1870.
We, THOMAS CALVER and EDWARD HINES, both of Norwich, in the
County of Norfolk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC EYELETS AND IN SHANKS TO BUTTONS," to be
as follows: -
The Invention has reference to metallic eyelets or appendages (to.
boots, stays, leather or cloth, or other articles or materials) intended to be
used as fastenings, by the passage through the said eyelets or appendages
of a lace or cord, and consists in constructing or forming them with a
solid stud or projection standing proud of the article or material to which
they are applied, and with a hole through the solid stud or projection
for the passage of the lace or cord.
And the Invention further consists in constructing shanks to the said
eyelets, and in constructing metallic shanks to buttons of a tubular or
hollow form admitting of the extremity being burred over or upset, and
thereby fastened to the article or material on the opposite side or back
of and after being passed through the same. The eyelets may be cast,

page_text: compressed, or produced in any convenient manner by machinery or
otherwise, and the "lace passage." holes may be drilled and may have
chamfered edges to reduce friction to a minimum. The burring over
or upsetting of the shanks may be effected by a die or tool of any con-
venient description. The body of buttons may be of horn, bone,
vulcanite, papier machè, or any convenient material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING LAMPS TO CARRIAGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Neale and Joseph Beverley
Fenby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd March 1870.
We, JAMES NEALE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and JOSEPH BEVERLEY FENBY, of the same Place, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING LAMPS TO CARRIAGES," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
Our Invention refers to improvements in the means for attaching and
securing or fixing the lamps in position upon the lamp irons, brackets,
or supports projecting from the carriage for such purpose.
To the body of the lamp at the side or, back is secured the ordinary
tubular holder or cap, which fits upon the lamp iron or support, and at
or near the lower end of the holder or cap we form a box or clip, con-
sisting of a pair of grippers of an outline in plan to correspond with that
of the lamp iron, whether it be round, oval, bevilled, or angular in cross
section. The box or clip is secured to the body of the lamp and forms
part of the ordinary tubular holder, the forward ends of the grippers
.

page_text: being free and formed into flanges to receive a set screw pin, which
works through the flanges, and is provided with a thumb piece at one
end and a stop piece at the other end; the set screw pin is formed in
such a manner that when the lamp is attached to a carriage by its holder
upon the lamp iron a turn or so of the adjusting screw by means of the
thumb piece will cause the grippers of the box or clip to become
tightened upon the lamp iron, and thus securely hold the lamp in
position, the reverse action of the adjusting screw releasing the parts.
We purpose making the ends of the lamp irons or supports which fit
into the tubular-holders-or-caps-to-correspond in section to the plan of
the box or clip, either in a portion or the whole of their length. In
some cases it may be found preferable to form the box or clip as
described upon the carriage lamp iron or bracket instead of making it
part of the lamp holder; in such instances we form upon the body or
under side of the lamp a snug, catch, holding piece, or socket to fit into
the box or clip upon the lamp iron, the box or clip being provided with
the gripping or tightening action by means of a screw pin and grippers
in manner before specified.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPADES, SHOVELS, FORKS, AND OTHER LIKE IMPLEMENTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Yardley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1870.
I, DAVID YARDLEY, of Stourbridge, in the County of Worcester,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPADES, SHOVELS, FORKS, AND OTHER LIKE IMPLEMENTS," to
be as follows :-
_
My Invention has for its object to facilitate the renewal of the handles
of spades, shovels, forks, and other like implements, or the renewal of
the said implements to the handles, and also to facilitate repairs and
make one handle suitable for use with several of the said implements.
By my improvements the said implements are also made more portable.
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
connecting the handles of spades, shovels, forks, and other like imple-
ments to the blades, plates, forks, or bodies of the said implements.
In the ordinary method of manufacture the blade, plate, or fork is
connected to the handle by means of langets, sockets, and straps, attached

page_text: by forging or welding to the upper edge of the blade, plate, or fork, the
said langets, sockets, or straps, being attached to the handle or tree by
rivets of various kinds.
According to my Invention I dispense with welding the blade to the
langet, socket, or straps, and connect by forging, screwing, rivetting,
welding, or otherwise a convex or male screw to the upper edge of the
blade, plate, or fork of the implement. To the langet socket or straps
of the handle of the implement I affix by rivetting or otherwise a socket
in the lower end of which is a concave or female screw of a size and
form proper to engage with the convex or male screw on the blade,
plate, or fork of the implement."
In order to connect the handle with the implements, the said screw
is engaged with the screwed socket, and after the said screw has been
driven home a cross pin or cotter or a cross screw may be passed
through the said socket into the screw, whereby the rotation of the
handle and its separation from the blade or fork is prevented. Although
I prefer to make the convex screw on the blade, plate, or fork, and to
connect the screwed socket with the handle, yet their positions may be
reversed with nearly the same effect.
When for repair or otherwise it is wished to separate the handle from
the implement, the cross pin, cotter, or screw, where the same is used,
is first removed, when by the rotation of the handle, the blade, plate,
or fork being held still, the said handle may be separated from the blade,
plate, or fork.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PRESERVING IRON AND STEEL FROM RUST
Year: 1870

page_text: ·PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward John Powell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th August 1870.
I, EDWARD JOHN POWELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PRESERVING IRON AND STEEL FROM RUST,"
to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of a new or improved composition for
preserving iron and steel from rust, made and used in the manner herein-
after explained. In making the said composition I take equal parts of
Russian tallow, and the greasy matter obtained by the distillation of
resin oil, and called antifriction grease. I fuse the said tallow and
grease together in a vessel heated by steam or hot water, and to each
100 pounds of the mixture I add 2 pounds of mercurial ointment, and
1 pound of lampblack. I first melt and thoroughly incorporate the
tallow and grease before adding the other ingredients, and when the
whole has been thoroughly incorporated the composition is either cast
into blocks or masses of a convenient size or allowed to cool in the
vessel in which it has been made, and afterwards removed. The said

page_text: composition has the consistence of pomade. In using the composition
it is applied to the surface of the iron or steel to be preserved from rust
by means of a rag or flannel. A small portion of the composition
being taken up by the rag or flannel it is smeared or rubbed on the iron
or steel, the whole surface being carefully covered. A very thin film of
the said composition is enough to protect the surface from rusting.
The addition of the mercurial ointment counteracts the effects of an
atmosphere charged with saline matter, such as iron and steel goods are
exposed to on a sea voyage, and the lampblack preserves the composition
from becoming rancid.
'
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LASTS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Taplin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th June 1870.
I, WILLIAM HENRY TAPLIN, of Dulwich, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LASTS FOR THE FEET," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved manufacture of lasts by
the employment of which lasts will be more readily produced at a greatly
reduced cost, and in a considerably less time than by the old method of
manufacture, and the result will be a last an exact counterpart of the
foot it is required to represent.
My Invention consists in first taking a cast of the foot in plaster of
Paris or other suitable material, and then in such cast I make or mould
the last itself, either of gutta percha or other suitable material capable of

page_text: being moulded. The last is thus moulded the exact form or shape of the
foot, which will be a very great advantage to the bootmaker, and
especially so in the case of deformed or peculiarly shaped feet; and when
the moulded last is not required to be kept it can be remoulded again
and again to serve as the last for another foot or other feet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRUSSIATE OF POTASH, PRUSSIATE OF SODA, AND PRUSSIAN BLUE
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Spence, of Newton Heath, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRUSSIATE OF POTASH, PRUSSIATE
OF SODA, AND PRUSSIAN BLUE.”
Scaled the 12th July 1870, and dated the 23rd April 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Spence at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd April 1870.
I, PETER SPENCE, of Newton Heath, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRUSSIATE OF POTASH,
PRUSSIATE OF SODA, AND PRUSSIAN BLUE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in extracting prussiates of potash and soda and
Prussian blue from the spent compounds of iron which have been used
in the purification of illuminating gas.

page_text: Oxides of iron, both natural and artificial, have long been used for
purifying gas from sulphur compounds, and sulphate and muriate of
iron have also been used for purifying gas from ammonia.
A Patent has also been granted to me, bearing date September 26th
1868, No. 2959, for the use of a substance which I call dry copperas,
and which I use for purifying gas from ammonia compounds, and after
it has ceased to be efficient for that purpose it becomes fitted and is used
for purifying from sulphur. In all these cases, and in others where
similar substances are employed, I find that when the oxides or other
compounds of iron have become spent that they contain, in addition to
ammonia and sulphur, a quantity of ferro-prussic acid or ferro-prussiate
of iron, and I proceed to produce from them prussiates of potash and
soda and Prussian blue. When the spent substances contain salts of
ammonia they are washed out in any usual manner, and the matters are
in that case ready for the above-named purposes. Where the said
matters have no considerable amount of ammonia salts I take them as
they come from the gasworks. I propose to grind these matters and to
place them in a suitable tank with a false bottom provided with small
spaces, and then to run hot water over them until the soluble substances
are washed away. After which, if the object be to obtain prussiate of
soda or Prussian blue, I treat the said matters with a hot solution of
carbonate of soda, and subsequently boil down if prussiate of soda be
required.
For Prussian blue I precipitate by iron salts, as is well understood.
For prussiate of potash I use carbonate of potash, which I prefer to
be pure and not containing caustic potash.
The aforesaid matters having been treated with this the liquor is boiled
down and the resulting crystals may be recrystalized, and prussiate of
potash of commerce is thus obtained.
)
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE DELIVERY OF MAIL BAGS AND PARCELS TO RAILWAY TRAINS IN MOTION
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th June 1870. A communication from abroad by William
McCabe, of Rochester, New York, United States of America, and
Francis Wayland Glen, of Oshawa, Ontario, Dominion of Canada.
-
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
EFFECTING THE DELIVERY OF MAIL BAGS AND PARCELS TO RAILWAY TRAINS IN
MOTION," a communication, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus for delivering and retaining mail
bags and parcels on postal or other cars when in motion.
A crane or other equivalent device is erected outside and near to the
railroad track having two projecting arms at suitable distance apart,
between which the bag or parcel is suspended. The lower arm is made
adjustable higher or lower in sockets of the crane to accomodate bags or
parcels of varying lengths. The attachment of the bag or parcel is
preferably made by loops at its ends, which fit over small swing irons
resting in the ends of the arms in such a manner that they will turn

page_text: around at right angles to discharge the bag or parcel as it is struck by
the detaching device.
The detaching device consists of a bearing resting in a socket attached
to the side of the car and having a coiled or other spring so combined
with it as to break the shock in striking the bag or parcel. The front
end of this bearing is made with two branching rods, one of which is
situated in the same line with the bearing, while the other diverges to a
suitable degree, thereby forming an acute angle, in which catches the
bag or parcel. The device is also provided with a handle, by which
means as the car approaches the inclined or diverging rod is elevated by
the operator from a depending to a horizontal position. In the forward
motion these rods receive the bag or parcel between them, and secure it
fast in the angle. The rear end of the rod is provided with a key for
holding it in the socket; by simply removeing the key the device can be
removed and placed in the opposite direction or on the opposite side of
the car by having a suitable number of sockets attached in the proper
positions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS, LATCHES, OR BOLTS FOR FASTENING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE ΤΟ OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rogers Thomson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th March 1870.
I, WILLIAM ROGERS THOMSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS, LATCHES, OR BOLTS FOR FASTENING THE DOORS OF
RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE ΤΟ OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a self-acting lock, latch, or bolt especially
adapted for fastening or securing the doors of railway and other carriages,
so that by its adaptation the door is fastened in the act of closing it, and
the possibility of the doors being left open by the omission of the guard
or other person in charge of the train to lock the doors is reduced to a
minimum. The self-acting lock, latch, or bolt is also applicable to
other purposes; it consists of a box which fits and is secured into a
mortice or recess cut in the door or lid to be fastened. The lock, latch,
or bolt piece is formed with a projecting head and the side of which
is inclined, curved, or chamfered so that on being pressed or forced
against the doar post or other structural detail which contains the catch

page_text: piece it yields, and the projecting head enters the catch piece so that
the door or lid is prevented from falling or being pushed open. The
lock, latch, or bolt piece is fitted in a socket in the box as in the lock
at present used in railway carriage doors, so that it may be turned therein
by a key placed through the hole in the bearing piece, and when so
turned the lock or bolt is rendered still more secure. The lock, latch,
or bolt piece is acted upon by a spring which yields and acts on it so as
to render it self-acting as herein-before set forth.
1
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR TESTING PETROLEUM AND OTHER OILS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rowatt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1870.
I, THOMAS ROWATT, the younger, of the Firm of Thomas Rowatt and
Son, of Edinburgh and London, Lamp Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR
TESTING PETROLEUM AND OTHER OILS," to be as follows:-
:-
It is a well-known fact that experienced chemists and others when
testing petroleum with the apparatus approved by the Petroleum Act,
1868, differ materially in their records of-the temperature at which the
vapour from the oil has been observed to ignite.
The chief points of controversy respecting the above-mentioned
apparatus are 1. Should the thermometer be near the bottom or top of
the oil vessel ? 2. Should the oil be stirred by the thermometer during
the testing process? And 3. Should the screen for preventing draughts
of air blowing away the vapour be opened or closed at the top?
My Invention relates to means and apparatus for testing petroleum
by the use of which these controversies can no longer exist, as the

page_text: apparatus is in itself automatic and therefore the will or caprice of the
operator is more circumscribed.
Firstly. I place tlie oil to be tested in a vessel rotated by cog wheels
and pinion or other well-known means worked either by hand or
machinery, and in the said vessel I depend an agitator similar in form to
a screw propeller, so that on the vessel being rotated every particle of the
oil must at different times come in contact with the bulb of the thermo-
meter; thus the mean temperature is accurately ascertained, and the
first and second points of controversy settled. It will be evident that
the agitator may be rotated and the vessel remain stationary if desired,
and that any other form of agitator may be used.
Secondly. To surmount the third obstacle I use a glass screen closed
at the sides and open at the top and apply a light to the vapour by
introducing a wire from the outside through the glass screen or the tin
top of the water vessel, the said wire carries a minute wick tube supplied
with a single thread of cotton, the loose end of which dips into the oil.
This wick being lighted produces a flame no bigger than a pea, which by
means of a weighted bend in the wire which can be acted upon from the
outside is kept away from the oil. As the thermometer rises the light
can be instantaneously applied to the vapour by lifting the weighted
bend of the wire; if no flash be observed the bend is let go and the
flame returns to its original position away from proximity to the oil.
By this means the light is always in readiness to be applied to the
vapour when required, but when not in use is kept away from the oil,
thus avoiding the communication of heat from this small flame to the
surface of the oil.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN POSTAL AND OTHER WRAPPERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Brooks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
November 1870.
I, THOMAS BROOKS, of West Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “AN IMPROVEMENT
IN POSTAL AND OTHER WRAPPERS," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention relates to an improvement in wrappers, such as are
employed for enclosing circulars, papers, or documents for transmission
by the book post, where each end of the packet is required to be left
open for inspection.
Hitherto the enclosure has been liable to slip out of such wrapper,
unless secured by folding in a portion of the wrapper with the enclosure
or otherwise. Moreover, the enclosure is liable to be torn in detaching
the wrapper when the latter is secured thereto by an adhesive material.
The circular or other enclosure may be readily secured by the improved
wrapper of my Invention so as to prevent the contents, accidentally
slipping out without folding in the end of the wrapper (by which a
saving of material is ensured) or being torn on withdrawal from the

page_text: wrapper. For this purpose I employ a wrapper having one end gummed
or adhesive like the flap of an ordinary envelope. Towards the opposite
end of the wrapper I form an opening or a series of openings or holes (to
suit packets of different widths) disposed lengthwise at about the spot
where, when the wrapper is folded round the enclosure, the adhesive end
would be, so that the latter when moistened and folded down will adhere
to that portion of the wrapper, and also to the enclosure with which
it is pressed into contact through one or more of the openings above
mentioned.
To prevent the contents being torn on detaching the wrapper I
perforate that portion of the adhesive flap which becomes attached to
the enclosure through the said opening with a double line of perforations
extending down the centre of the flap with an adhesive surface between
them, so as to weaken the wrapper at that part and cause the perforated
part to tear out without injury to the enclosure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING AND CONCENTRATING LIQUIDS, AND IN RECOVERING REAGENTS FROM OIL REFINERS' AND OTHER BYE PRODUCTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Augustus Barrow at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd January 1870.
.
I, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS BARROW, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Drysalter and Commission Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR EVAPORATING AND CONCENTRATING LIQUIDS, AND IN RECOVERING REAGENTS
FROM OIL REFINERS' AND OTHER BYE PRODUCTS," to be as follows, that is to
say
-
This Invention has for its object the evaporating and concentrating
of liquids in a simple, continuous, and economical manner, and the
recovering of reagents from oil refiners' and other bye products, and it
consists in using for that purpose apparatus constructed in the form of a
long shallow trough to be traversed by the liquid to be evaporated and
concentrated in a thin slowly flowing layer or stream, whilst heat is
applied to the bottom of the trough by means of steam or otherwise.
The trough may be placed at a slight inclination, or it may be con-
structed with a series of horizontal or nearly horizontal lengths, each
succeeding one being placed at a slightly lower level than the one
preceding it.

page_text: An important application of the Invention consists in recovering by
its means the reagents, such as sulphuric acid and soda, used by oil
refiners. These reagents form tarry bye products, and in carrying out
the present Invention the said bye products are by preference treated
with steam, which separates the reagent in a somewhat diluted and 5
impure state; and the liquid so separated is evaporated and concentrated
by means of the improved apparatus, and has its strength thereby
increased, so that it may be used over again in the refining process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF FELT IN MAKING CARPETS, HEARTH RUGS, MATS, CUSHIONS, AND SUCH LIKE ÅRTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Grason at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th Decem-
ber 1870.
I, THOMAS GRASON, of Bootle, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
APPLICATION OF FELT IN MAKING CARPETS, HEARTH RUGS, MATS, CUSHIONS, AND
SUCH LIKE ÅRTICLES," to be as follows:-
I take advantage of the appearance which is presented by a certain
description of felt when it is out at the ends or sides. The felt I allude
to is of such a consistency as that which is now mostly used for saddle
cloths, but not necessarily of such a consistency as different degrees of
thickness may be used. It will readily be seen by putting a number
of the aforesaid ends or sides together, that a plush like or velvet like
surface is obtained, which is at once soft and resistible, and very different
from the appearance of the original felt, consequently suitable for very
different purposes. There will be a variety of ways to apply a substance
possessing such a surface, but the principle, obtaining the surface from
felt, will be the same. In making carpets or hearth rugs, any ordinary
machinery may be used to cut the felt into strips or level the surface.

page_text: It will be seen that the smallest quantity of felt, now thrown aside as
refuse, can be used up. Two sides, both being alike, may be given to
hearth rugs, carpets, and the like, by strips of the felt being stitched
together in the middle of the strips, while any degree of firmness may
be given by the addition of suitable substances, as canvas, rope, or wire,
fixed inwardly or outwardly. One strip alone cut from suitable felt
may suffice to form any pattern in mats. Two or more strips of felt may
be made to form a round appearance, resembling a plush covered rope.
Any shape or pattern in cocoa-nut mats may likewise be made in felt by
this Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OP KILNS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wood Baker, George
Worsnop, and John Grainge at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th April 1870.
We, JAMES WOOD BAKER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Agent,
GEORGE WORSNOP, of Little Horton, Bradford, aforesaid, Contractor, and
JOHN GRAINGE, of Bradford, aforesaid, Brickmaker, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OP KILNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of kiln suitable for
the burning and drying of bricks, pottery, and lime, whereby the heat
generated in one chamber or compartment thereof may be transmitted
and employed for the heating of one or more compartments or chambers
constituting the kiln.
According to this Invention we construct our improved kiln either
straight or annular, divided by permanent division walls into two or
more compartments or chambers communicating with each other by
means of flues or openings placed in the lower portion thereof, and which
chambers are also in communication with interior chimney flues placed

page_text: below the said compartments or chambers, and when straight kilns are
employed extending longitudinally the entire length of the kiln, and
when an annular shaped kiln is employed such flues extend in an
annular direction under the whole of the chamber floors constituting the
kiln. The chambers communicate by means of vertical flues made in
the side walls of the kiln with the chimney flues passing underneath,
the vertical flues being provided with dampers so as to open or close
the communication between such chambers and the chimney flues.
This Invention further relates to the construction of the chimney flucs
before mentioned in such a manner as that the flucs may be subdivided
so as to cause the heated products of combustion or heated air so to
traverse the flues as that the greatest amount of heat may be utilised,
such flues being placed in close proximity to the chamber floors and
provided with dampers whereby the heat can be returned from the last
or any other chamber in the series to the first chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRO-EXTRACTORS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Markland at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
February 1870. .
-
I, THOMAS MARKLAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRO-EXTRACTORS," to be as follows:-
"
My Invention relates to the "hydro-extractors or "centrifugal
machines" employed to discharge water or other fluid from fabrics,
materials, or substances, as, for example, from hanks of yarn which have
undergone the process of bleaching.
The said hydro-extractors as constructed previously to my said Inven-
tion have in each case consisted primarily of a circular cage mounted on
a vertical shaft, and the goods, materials, or substances have been
introduced through the open top of the said cage and have been arranged
around the inner circumference thereof. When constructing a hydro-
extractor according with my said Invention I construct the said cage
suitably for the said goods, materials, or substances to be introduced
through the outer circumference of the said cage into an annular chamber

page_text: or into a series of chambers formed around the axis of the said cage. The
said axis or central shaft is arranged to work in a horizontal position
instead of in a vertical position as aforesaid, and may be mounted on
antifriction wheels in order that the wear and tear of the bearings and
the power required to cause the revolution of the cage may be reduced.
I prefer to form the vertical sides of the said cage of two circular plates
of wrought iron or steel connected together by a drum, also preferably
formed of wrought iron or steel, the diameter of the said drum being so
proportioned as that there may be an annular space between the said
drum and the circumference of the said sides of the cage of a suitable
capacity to contain the aforesaid goods, materials, or substances. The
outer circumference of the said cage is formed of bars or wire grating as
is usual, or is otherwise suitably formed to permit of the passage of the
water or other fluid, and the whole or a portion thereof is made to be
opened in order that the said goods, materials, or substances may be
introduced into the annular space. I prefer to divide the said annular
space into two or more compartments by means of suitable partitions,
and to fill each of the said compartments through one or more hinged
doors constituting portions of the circumference of the cage, the said
doors being provided with bolts, catches, or latches in order that the said
doors may be readily secured when they are closed. If preferred the
said goods, materials, or substances may be introduced into the said
compartments through doors or openings formed in one or both sides of
the cage instead of in the circumference as herein aforesaid. The said
age may be made of a comparatively larger diameter than is usual, and
the "loading" and "unloading" thereof may be effected simultaneously
at opposite parts of its circumference.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Perceval Moses Parsons at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th August 1870.
I, PERCEVAL MOSES PARSONS, of Melbourne House, Blackheath, in
the County of Kent, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in combining chalk or other suitable carbonate
of lime with coal, coke, charcoal, pitch, or other suitable carbonaceous
or hydro-carbonaceous substances in certain proportions of about one by
weight of carbonaceous materials to from one to four of chalk, in some
cases adding a little clay, for the purpose of producing a cheap fuel for
household and other uses.
The materials may be ground or pulverized and mixed together into
a plastic mass by the addition of moisture, melted. pitch, or other
suitable material, then formed into balls or lumps and dried. When
fuel thus made is ignited in a mass, as in an ordinary grate, the carbon
and hydrogen of the coal or other hydro-carbonaceous materials requiring

page_text: more oxygen to support their combustion than can be obtained from
the air ordinarily supplied to the fire, robs the carbonic acid of the chalk
or a portion of it of one equivalent of its oxygen, the other being set free
combined with the carbon as carbonic oxide, which meeting with more
oxygen from the air as it ascends its combustion is effected, & the heat
due to the same evolved, and the lime of the chalk becoming incan-
descent absorbs a large portion of the heat which would otherwise pass
up the chimney, and gives it out into the room by radiation, the residue
of the fuel after burning being chiefly lime or cement if sufficient clay
_has_been added to the mixture, which may be turned to useful
account.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR RENDERING WATER-TIGHT DOCK GATES, SHIPS' PORTS, OR OTHER LIKE OPENINGS, ALSO APPLICAPLE TO WINDOWS, DOORS, AND OTHER LIKE OPENINGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Saunders at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
March 1870.
I, ROBERT SAUNDERS, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR RENDERING
WATER-TIGHT DOCK GATES, SHIPS' PORTS, OR OTHER LIKE OPENINGS, ALSO APPLICAPLE
TO WINDOWS, DOORS, AND OTHER LIKE OPENINGS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention for "Improved Means for Rendering
Water-tight Dock Gates, Ships' Ports, or other like Openings, also
applicable to Windows, Doors, and other like Openings," is to keep such
openings when closed so tight that not a particle of water or any draught
can find its way through the joints so composed.
The material used is of the following description, namely, one, two,
or more vertical webs or beads of india-rubber attached to each other
and kept uniformly in place by means of suitable strips of canvas or
other fabric, which are coated over with a solution of india-rubber or other
gummy matter to afford a stiff yet pliable foundation for the vertical
ribs of india-rubber to expand upon when under pressure, and to serve
as a foundation for holding, attaching, or connecting the same to any

page_text: fixed wood or metal aperture to which it is to be adapted. The vertical
webs of india-rubber are rounded off on their top edge so as to prevent
the danger of cracking or splitting. The whole is tacked, nailed, or
otherwise attached round the openings of the port or ports or other like
openings, and when the door, cover, or slide is closed it falls up against
the vertical web, rib, or bead and is fastened tight, the said webs causing
a perfectly water-tight joint.
In cases of windows or doors, I prefer to use strips of listing, cloth,
or canvas soaked in a solution of india-rubber or other gummy matter,
and having vertical webs of india-rubber in like manner to the before
going arrangement. These strips of listing with their vertical webs can
be tacked round doors, windows, or other like openings, thereby filling
up the space caused by drying of unseasoned wood or otherwise, and
rendering the doors and windows so fitted perfectly water-tight and free
from draughts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS, AND RELATING ESPECIALLY TO CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS TO BE DRAWN IN TRAINS ON COMMON ROADS BY TRACTION ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Greig and James Gozney
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 13th December 1870.
We, DAVID GREIG and JAMES GOZNEY, both of the Steam Plough
Works, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS,
AND RELATING ESPECIALLY TO CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS TO BE DRAWN IN TRAINS ON
COMMON ROADS BY TRACTION ENGINES," to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in carriages and
waggons, and relates especially to carriages and waggons to be drawn in
trains on common roads by traction engines.
Each carriage or waggon is supported on two pair of wheels, and each
pair is mounted so as to be able to lock by the axis assuming an inclined
position to the centre line of the carriage or waggon. The two axles are
connected by a rod passing from one axle to the other so as to cause
them to incline simultaneously, but in opposite directions, in order that
the two pair of wheels may conspire to cause the carriage or waggon to
move in a curvilinear course. A draft bar or arm is fixed to each axle
and projects to the front or rear, as the case may be, and in making up a

page_text: train these bars or arms are connected together by locking pins. When
the train is travelling in a straight course all the draft bars or arms will
be in the line of draft, and the train may be drawn equally well from
either of its ends, so that it can readily be drawn either backwards or
forwards. One of the axles of each carriage is capable of being controlled
whenever desired by a screw or other steering apparatus. When one of
the axles with its draft bar or arm is caused to incline by means of the
steering apparatus a corresponding inclination will be given to all the
other axles and draft bars, and the train can be steered in any direction
desired. Each carriage also when detached from a train can readily be
moved in any desired direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURCHASE CAPSTANS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Muir and James Caldwell'
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,.
on the 15th July 1870.
We, HUGH MUIR and JAMES CALDWELL, both of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURCHASE CAPSTANS,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention comprises improvements in the gearing of capstans: of
the kind which can be worked by hand or steam power; and with or
without purchase. Also improvements in the construction of the body
or barrel.
In carrying out the Invention the bottom of the cable holder is made
with an internally toothed rim, with which there gears a pinion on the
upper end of a vertical spindle passing down through a tubular boss cast
on the bed plate so as to project down clear of the deck beams. A spur
wheel on the bottom end of the pinion spindle has in gear with it a
pinion on the vertical capstan shaft, and a clutch is provided for engaging
and disengaging the shaft and the pinion last referred to. The head and

page_text: barrel or upper body part of the capstan are made in one piece, which is
fixed upon the capstan shaft, but which is separate from the cable holder
or lower body part. A key or norman is provided for locking together
the barrel and cable holder parts, and when this is in place the whole
revolves together; but when the "purchase" or extra power is required
the key is taken out and the gearing acting on the toothed rim is put
into gear.
With this improved arrangement any desired purchase can be con-
veniently obtained by suitably proportioning the wheels of the gearing,
and there are also other practical advantages.
When steam power is used it is applied through gearing to the vertical
capstan shaft as in any suitable arrangements in use for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLAIT, AND IN FASTENINGS THEREFOR, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE FOR JEWELLERY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Atkin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
March 1870.
I, ROBERT ATKIN, of Burton Street, Burton Crescent, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLAIT, AND IN FASTENINGS THEREFOR,
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE FOR JEWELLERY AND OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of plait for jewellery and other purposes I employ
two or more separate and distinct cords of wire, silk, or other desirable
material or combination of materials, and I plait these two or more
cords together side by side (but not twisted) as one cord in what is
technically known as a three plait, or they may be plaited into a five or
other plait as desired. Some or all of these cords may be "wormed "
and if desired some may be twisted in one direction, and some in the other,
that is, they may be either right or left hand cords as may be found
convenient. Plait made in this manner may be used for belts, bands,
waistbands, or for other purposes, and when made of wire and mounted
in suitable forms make very useful and ornamental articles of jewellery,

page_text: such as bracelets, armlets, rings, and brooches. When making this
plait into a bracelet, armlet, or belt, or waistband, or other similar
article, I connect the ends thereof together by a fastening or connection
of a novel and useful character. To the ends of some of these articles
or along the entire length of others, I fix by solder or other suitable
means, according to the material of which the plait is made, a plate, one
end of which will carry a stud with a small pin or stud projecting
therefrom at right angles thereto. The other end of the article carries
a plate with a hole therethrough to pass over the stud and pin on the
other part; this hole is sufficiently large to allow a tube to be passed
therethrough and around the pin. In this tube is formed a slot or
opening into which the small pin or stud enters, this slot first passes
a certain distance along the length of the tube or tubular connection,
then it passes a short distance at right angles to its former course, and
then returns a short distance towards the end of the tube, thus forming
parts of three sides of a parallelogram. A spiral or other spring is placed
between the two parts, so that when the small stud or pin has been
caused to traverse the slot it is retained in the last angle thereof, in
which position it is prevented turning on its axis, and thereby the parts
are firmly held together. The tubular portion of the connection may
if desired be fixed to the article to which it is applied and the stud may
be moveable, the moveable portion having a suitable ornament applied
thereto. This form of connection may be employed for studs, solitaires,
and other articles, as will be well understood.