Improvements in Apparatus suitable for Making Historical and like Charts.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus suitable for Making Historical and like
Charts.
I, ELI NASH MOVER, 41, Richmond Street West, in the City of Toronto, in
the County of York and Province of Ontario, Dominion of Canada, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to provide apparatus by the use of which
historical charts can be produced by any student or teacher of history whether
endowed with a talent for, or knowledge of, drawing, or not.
Apparatus according thereto is particularly adapted to the drawing of chrono-
logical charts, and comprises a board and a suitably graduated arm pivoted at
one end to the said board and adapted to rotate over the face thereof. The
arm is divided and subdivided longitudinally, the main divisional parts being
adapted to represent periods of time of comparatively great length, and the
sub-divisional parts to represent equal intervals of the greater periods of time;
and upon this arm is carried a sliding block, preferably made of india rubber,
which, owing to its natural resiliency enables it to grip the beam, although if
desired the block can be made of suitable rigid material, such as wood, and
set in any desired position by a set screw. The said block, of whatever material
it may be made, is diagonally bored to carry a pencil.
A blank chart of greater area than that traversed by the arm, is slipped
between the arm and the board and held against displacement, while the said
edges of this blank chart are furnished with time scales corresponding to that
upon the arm.
Besides the time scale, which is located adjacent to one side edge of the arm,
there may be near or at the other side edge thereof, a scale of inches and
sub-divisions thereof.
In an example of apparatus according to this invention one end of
a wooden arm has
a nietallic plate secured to it through a perforation
in which passes a fastener that connects it pivotally to one corner of a straw-
board base. One edge of the arm, which is in line with the said perforation,
is, from an arc at a radius of about half an inch from the perforation, divided
info four parts each two and one half inches in length, and each of the said
parts is subdivided into twenty parts each one eighth of an inch long for the
purpose of emphasizing, the main divisions, arcs having the pivotal perforation as
a centre are made therefrom, and each of such ares is connected to the adjacent
one or to the arc of half inch radius as the case may be, by radial lines; the other
side edge is provided, from the arc of half inch radius with a scale divided into
ten parts by arcs concentric to the aforesaid perforations and one inch apart, and
each part is sub-divided into eight parts by similar arcs at equal distances apart,
the main arcs being connected by radial lines for emphasis.
The sliding block carried by the arm is made of india rubber, and has a
transverse dovetailed recess in its underside to receive the arm, the dovetail form
enabling it to grip the side edges of the beam; the block is of sufficient length

page_text: to allow of its carrying a pencil in a perforation extending in a diagonal line from
the top side thereof to a point outside of the beam, but in close proximity
thereto.
An arc
The blank chart is rectangular and has an eye located at one corner.
divided into a number of equal parts, is marked on this blank and extends con-
centrically of the eye from one to the other of the edges that meet at the said
corner. The radius of this arc is equal to the length of the scale marked upon
the beam, whilst each of the said side edges has a time scale similar to that
upon the beam, excepting that the sub-divisions are again sub-divided into
fifths, so that each main divisional part comprises one hundred sub-divisions.
In using the apparatus I find that the best results are attained by making each
main divisional part to indicate a century. The student then being furnished
with the historical events, is enabled to describe an arc, marking off the period
of each event from, say, for example, the beginning of the Fifteenth to the com-
pletion of the Nineteenth Century. Radial lines can then be drawn to represent
the area covered by the event, and the chart can then be coloured and written up.
My object in dividing the scales upon the arm into parts of known length,
such as inches and fractions of inches, is to insure that it be impressed upon the
student that time is measured by space, divided, and sub-divided.
Although I have described my invention as applied to the study of history, it
is evident that the life of an individual can be set forth as clearly and with
equal ease.
L
101
1000
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus suitable for Making Historical and like
Charts.
I, ELI NASH MOYER, late of 41, Richmond Street West, but now of 120, Victoria
Street, in the City of Toronto, in the County of York and Province of Ontario,
Canada, School Furnisher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:
My invention has for its object to provide apparatus by the use of which
historical charts can be produced by any student or teacher of history whether
endowed with a talent for, or knowledge of, drawing, or not.
Apparatus according thereto is particularly adapted to the drawing of chrono-
logical charts and comprises a board a suitably graduated arm pivoted_at
one end to the said board and adapted to be rotated over the face thereof. The
arm is divided and subdivided longitudinally. the main divisional parts being
adapted to represent periods of time of comparatively great length, and the
sub-divisional parts to represent equal intervals of the greater periods of time;
and upon this arm is carried a sliding block, which in turn carries a marker.
A blank chart of greater area than that traversed by the arm which constitutes
a. beam is slipped between such beam and its base board and is held against
displacement, while the side edges of this blank chart are furnished with time
scales corresponding to that upon the beam.
For full comprehension, however, of my invention, reference must be had to
the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification in which like
symbols indicate the same parts and wherein,

page_text: Figure 1 is a plan view of my improved drawing instrument with a blank
chart partially executed, in place;
Fig. 2 a detail perspective view of the beam removed, and
Fig. 3 a detail perspective view of the sliding block.
One end of the beam 6 which is preferably of wood, has a metallic plate c,
secured thereto and provided with a perforation d, through which it is pivotally
connected by a fastener e to one corner of the base board f, which preferably
consists of a rectangular piece of straw-board.
The length of the beam is divided at one side edge into four parts, g, of two
and one half inches measurement and off-set from one another, as at h, to
emphasize the divisional parts, and each of said parts is sub-divided, as at į,
into twenty parts of one eighth inch measurement while the other side edge is
provided with a scale divided into ten parts j of one inch measurement (also off-
set from one another, as at k, to emphasize the division) and each part is sub-
divided into eight equal parts 1.
The lines that determine these divided and sub-divided parts are a series of
arcs, concentric to the point at which the beam is pivoted.
The sliding block m is made, preferably of india rubber, and has a transverse
dove-tailed recess n, in its underside to receive the beam, the dovetail form
enabling it to grip the side edges of the beam; the block being of sufficient
length to allow of its carrying a pencil o in a perforation ? extending in a
diagonal line from the top side thereof to a point outside of the beam, but in
close proximity thereto.
The blank charts is preferably of rectangular form having an eye t located at
one corner thereof and an arc u, divided into a number of equal parts, is marked
thereon and extends concentrically to the eye t, from one to the other of the sides
that abut at said corner. The radius of this arc is equal to the length of the
scale marked upon the beam, while each of said side edges has a time scale w
similar to that upon the beam excepting that the sub-divisions corresponding.
to i, are again subdivided into fifths."
It will be observed by referring to Fig. 1, that by the sub-divisions of the time
scales on the chart blank, each off-set main divisional part comprises one hundred
sub-divisions.
In using my instrument I find the best results are attained by constituting each
off-set divisional part of the chart, a century.
The student then being furnished with the historical events, is enabled to
describe an are on the chart, marking off the period of each event from, say for
example, the beginning of the Fifteenth to the completion of the Nineteenth
Century. Radial lines can be drawn to present the delimitation of the extent of
proportional area covered by the event, and the chart can then be colored and
written up.
To exemplify the use of my invention in instructing a student in history,
I will describe the method of setting forth a portion of the history of Canada in
outline.
The blank chart s is first set in place by unfastening the fastener and passing
it through the perforation in the corner of the chart.
The student is first informed as to the extent of time to be covered in the
lesson, the teacher then tells what events happened at different periods of time
or during different intervals.
Let the era to be studied extend from the beginning of the Sixteenth Century
to the present day.
As the portions of the time scales (at the edges of the blank chart) from the
inner ends or beginning of each to the first off-set is subdivided into one hundred
parts, it will serve well to represent a century and as the portions between the
offsets are correspondingly subdivided, each off-set can represent the completion
of a century, and consequently the student will place the numbers 1500 which
represents the epochs from which commences the era to be studied at the inner

page_text: ends of either or both time scales, and the numbers 1600, 1700, 1800, at each
offset.
Upon the student being then told that Jacques Cartier's voyages of discovery
took place in the years 1534 and 1535; he will swing the beam b, over to one of
the time scales, move the block m, along the scale until the pencil is upon the
34th line from 1500. He then swings the beam and draws an arc upon which
he writes 1534-5 voyages of Jacques Cartier.
The student being then told that from 1534 until the commencement of the
French Colonial War in 1754, the French sphere extended over only a portion
of the territory that now constitutes the Dominion of Canada and that the remain-
ing portions were either governed by the British, or unexplored.
He is then informed as to the extent of these different portions of territory,
and using the subdivisions of the arc u to guide him, he divides by radial lines
the area of the chart into portions corresponding proportionately to that
administered by the two powers, and unexplored, and the various epochs of
historical importance are located by the student, on the time scale and marked
off by arcs, such, for instance, as "Kirk held possession of colonies for England
from 1629 to 1632." This affected only the areas, representing what is at the
present day the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia,
and Prince Edward Island, consequently the student upon being so informed
will extend the ares across these portions only. To indicate the "B.N.A. Act
of 1867," which confederated all the provinces except Prince Edward Island
an arc is drawn completely across the chart excepting the portion indicating Prince
Edward Island, and an arc is drawn across the portion of the chart representing
Prince Edward Island to indicate the epoch, 1873, at which the Island Province
joined the Dominion.
The student then being informed as to the dates of the wars that affect in any
way the history of Canada, will draw arcs to indicate the beginning and the end
of each war and extending over the portion of the chart representing the
· territory affected.
Of course as the arcs are drawn the student will note thereon or in the
space between them the event or era indicator.
It is obvious that in this way a student can easily depict, and, in depicting,
acquire the knowledge of the history of any period.
My object in dividing the scales upon the beam into parts of known length,
such as inches and fractions of inches, is to ensure that it be impressed upon
the student that time is measured by space, divided and subdivided.
Although I have illustrated my invention as applied to the study of the history
of a country it is evident that the life of an individual can be set forth as clearly
and with equal ease.
The block m, being made of india rubber, while affording an exceeding simple
and effective means for adjustably connecting the marker to the beam serves also
as an eraser, which, obviously, is necessary where lead pencil is used.
My object in dividing the scale at one side edge of the arm differently from
the scale at the other side edge that is to say into large divisions of one inch each
on the left hand edge, while the scale on the right hand edge is divided into
two and one half inch divisions, is that while the longer divisions of the right
hand scale are most convenient for depicting histories or the like as before
mentioned, the shorter main divisions of the left hand scale being of a unit of
length well known to young students, the idea of impressing upon the student that
time is measured by space divided and subdivided will be better carried out.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I do
not specifically claim the chart illustrated but what I do claim is:
1. An arm for chronological chart drawing instruments having a pivot point
at one end, a series of equal divisions g radiating from said pivot point and

page_text: extending one beyond the other and off-set from one another, and a series of
equal divisions concentric of said pivot point and sub-dividing said radial division,
substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.
2. An arm for chronological chart drawing instruments having a pivot point
at one end in line with one side edge thereof; a series of divisions g radiating
from said pivot point, and extending one beyond the other along both side
edges of said arm and off-set from one another, the radial divisions at one side
edge being of greater length than the division at the other side edge and a
series of equal divisions concentric of said pivot point and sub-dividing corre-
spondingly said radial divisions, substantially as described and for the purpose set
forth.
3. An arm for chronological chart drawing instruments having a pivot point at
one end and a scale at each edge of one side thereof, each of said scales com-
prising large divisions sub-divided by smaller divisions, the smaller divisions of
said scales being equal and the larger divisions of one scale differing from the
larger divisions of the other scale substantially as described, and for the purpose
set forth.
4. A chronological chart drawing instrument comprising a base, a detachable
rigid arm pivotally connected to said base so as to allow of the introduction of
a chart blank between the arm and base and suitably divided and sub-divided,
a flexible india rubber block gripping and movable longitudinally of said arm,
and a marker carried by said block substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
5. A chronological chart drawing instrument comprising a base, an arm pivotally
connected to said base and suitably divided and subdivided by radial and con-
centric lines, a flexible india rubber block gripping and movable longitudinally
of said arm and a marker carried by said block, substantially as described and
for the purpose set forth.
6. A chronological chart drawing instrument comprising a base, an arm pivotally
connected to said base and suitably divided and sub-divided by radial and
concentric lines, a flexible india rubber biock gripping and movable longitudinally
of said arm and a marker carried by said block, the base adapted to support
a chart blank having one or more radial scales, said scales comprising divisions
and sub-divisions corresponding to these upon the arm substantially as described
and for the purpose set forth.
mainan 4th day of Nooanh 1900
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.