IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Patent Agents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH." A communication from abroad by Josepli
Adolph Mittner and Richard Lüders, both of Gorlitz, in the Empire of
Germany.
Sealed the 6th February 1877, and dated the 11th August 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th August 1876.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH." A communication
from abroad by Joseph Adolph Mlittner and Richard Lüders, both of Gorlitz, in the
Empire of Germany.
The improvements relate to weaver's looms of all descriptions worked by hand,
treadle, or power of any kind, and consist in working the shuttle and arranging the
motion of the shafts by transferring and dividing the power employed, together
with the winding up of the texture woven, and the arrangement and regulation
thereof by a broak apparatus, the whole working automatically, and so saving power
and operating looms independently of skilled labour.
The improvements may be performed by means of levers, cams, and other
mechanical gearing for transferring power from one shaft to another, but it is
contemplated to make the same machinery effect all the above purposes by tho
addition thereto of winders or rollers fitted with a convenient break apparatus.

page_text: "IMPROVEMENTS IN
A communication
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
from abroad by Joseph Adolph Mittner and Richard Lüders, both of Gorlitz, in the
Empire of Germany.
The improvements relate to weaver's looms of all descriptions worked by hand,
treadle, or power of any kind, and consist in working the shuttle and arranging the
motion of the shafts by transferring and dividing the power employed together with
the winding up of the texture woven, and the arrangement and regulation thereof
by a break apparatus, also in an improved regulator and new arrangement of shaft
engine and lash, the whole working automatically, and so saving power, and in
operating such looms independently of skilled labour.
The Drawings annexed show the improvements in various ways, viz, on Sheet I.,
Fig. 1, a front view; Sheet II., Fig. 2, a side view; and on Sheet III., Fig. 3,
ground plan.
The same letters have the same meaning and the following explanation will
urnish the details required.
The "weaving loom" in question represented is intended for the binding of linen,
and constructed of iron, howevor the various composing parts of the loom can be
made of that material most suitable for every special requirement. The loom in
question is to be worked by a treadle; a handle fixed at the top of the trunk p
enables the workman to make an alternate use of his hands and legs. The use of
the treadle is more appropriate as it disengages the workman's hands, and preserves
his liberty for the preparing of additional shuttles, also he may operate in a sitting
position. It is considered of importance to state that the construction of the new
loom is such as to render it fit to produce any materials, be they thin, thick, narrow,
or broad. The essence of the improvements is the use of levers for the transfer of
strength with the view of creating a saving in the working power, whereby a
mechanical hand or power loom becomes a possibility.
Entering more closely on the descriptive details it is necessary not to lose out of
view the following facts, viz:-1, the movement of the shuttle; 2, the movement
of the shafts; 3, the regulation of the winding up of the produce of the weaving;
4, the automatic brake of the loom when the shuttle stops. The loom proper
consists of two trestles which are properly fastened the one to the other; they
carry both the rack F to which are attached the shafts. On the loom are two
swinging wheels which considerably ease the movement of the loom; they combine
at the same time the brake power. Two curved bars S reach from the curves as
far as the trunk, this latter, as it is well known, possessing an oscillating movement
round a pin O. It receives the same now through the treadle O placed along the
whole of the width of the loom.
Movement of the Shuttle.-The movement of the shuttle emanates from the
bottom of the trunk a³; in the same is a bed a³, inside of which there is a
spindle a Attached to this spindle on the right and on the left are double tongues
in a cross direction b and 6, to be tightened by fixed screws. Between the bottoms
of the trunk are fixed to the spindle at a peg disk a³, close to which is placed a
spring a with the views of stopping the optional turning of the spindle a and the
tongues band b¹. As soon as the trunk is moved from a to a¹ the tongue bis
checked within a cavity of the pressing lever C. The moment the trunk reaches
the position a, shown in the Drawings, surrounded with dots; b and b¹ occupy the
positions band 6. As the spindle a during the movement of the trunk gets
lowered, as shown by the line y, b exercises in the position of b¹ a pressure on the
lever C, this latter being then in the position of C, as shown by dots, and is at the
same time pressing down the lever e exactly in the ratio indicated by x and the
shuttle movement ƒ (Fig. 1). The consequence of this is to put the shuttle
movement f¹ into the position off and to remove the shuttle out of the box a³
into the box opposite. The springs f³ are placed for the purpose to push back the
shuttle f² into its primitive position of f¹.

page_text: In consequence of the movement of the tongue b to b¹ the peg advances to the
spring a. Whenever the tongue has passed over one-eighth part of the distance
its advance in consequence of the movement of the trunk is checked through the
lever C; then the spring a pushes it forward a second-eighth, whereby the tongue
b assumes the position 61; on the left-hand the same effect is produced.
Movement of the Shafts-To the axletree g is fastened a toothed wheel g³
which sets another one gt of a diameter 8 times as great into movement; to the arms
of this latter is cast on an eccentric g. To the right hand side is a lever 96 with a
toothed segment containing at the middle of its length a wrought-iron roller v
moveable on a pin. The roller v slides through the movement of the wheel into the
groovez, thereby raising and lowering the lever g. A small toothed wheel g' fits
into the toothed segment; this small toothed wheel is fixed to the spindle 98 of the
shaft gear; in addition there is fixed a double roller, the shaft roller g to the
spindle. The shafts intended to form the compartment are suspended to the rollers
910 at the top of the tressels and fastened to the lower rollers g°. Together with the
axletree g the toothed wheel g³ moves the eccentric g. The roller v slides within
the grooves z and w, communicating to the lever arising and lowering, and to.
the toothed wheel, g', the spindle g³, and the shaft roller g³, a rotating movement
turning backwards and forwards, which by the straps used changes into an alternate
rising and lowering of the shafts forming the compartments.
Regulation of the Winding up of the Material.-The winding up of the produce
takes place directly round the axletree passing through the so called warp thread
regulator (Fig. 1 and 2). The same consists of a roller K. into which is fixed a
friction roller K2, acting on the roller K by transfering the movement of the trunk
through the flattened iron levers n, connecting rod m, and the fork lever K¹, in
which latter are located the gearing roller and the latch K. On the top of the axle
J of the tracing roller is fixed a nut J, which transfers the movement just described
to a spiral wheel fastened to the axletrec, thereby causing a slow rotary movement
of the axletree. With the view of not allowing the axletree to gain any greater
velocity in its turning round by the larger quantity of the produce winding up,
whereby too much strain might be exercised on the axletree or the produce exposed
to too great a tension, the fork lever K³ has been lengthened and bent in the shape
of an ankle as shown in the ground plan.
The bottom of the ankle lever reposes on the axletree; as soon as the lash is
traversing from a to a¹ the lever n gets lifted up; this lever is fixed to the axle in
the direction from n to n²; the result is the lifting up of m, which by its connec-
tion with the fork lever K¹ removes the lever from its position K2 into that of K³, and
consequently the latch K³ has to turn round the tracing wheel within fixed limits.
As soon as the produce commences to wind round the axletree the lever K lowers
through the giving way of the lash; as far as the surface of the produce, the more
the produce is winding round, the smaller grows a¹ and the working sphere of the
tracing wheel. Under these circumstances the mechanical arrangements produce a
uniform velocity in the winding up of the goods getting ready.
Automatic Brake of the Loom through the Puncher, the Shuttle remaining in the
Lash (Sheets I., II., and III.)--This brake is situated at the back of the swinging
wheel X, and is connected with the punching cap R¹ through the rod R²; in addition
there lies below the sash groove the puncher Rs, which by soldering is fastened,
together with its spindle, to both the lash bottoms. Two curved motors R' are
fastened to the punchers by means of adjusting screws; these levers press with the
one arm to the back of the shuttle lash against the shuttle catcher U. As soon as
the shuttle enters into its box as then the shuttle catcher U is pushed back, thereby
moving the lever R*, together with R, into the position shown by Fig. 2.
In the event of the shuttle getting stopped on its road, and being kept inside the
wound-up lash, then the shuttle catcher retrocedes through the action of a spiral
spring R, the puncher meets with resistance by the nose of the punching cap R¹,
and the brake gets tightened,

page_text: Should the loom be acting as a "power loom" then the share of the functions of
the present puncher will be to lift the moving band from the firmly fastened disk
to the loose one; by so doing the loom will be at once stopped. The "thread
axletree" S (Fig. 2) is placed in the same manner as in the "power loom," or as
the Drawing shows, more in an inward direction, by which arrangement some room
is gained. The motion of the loom occasioned by the treadle O¹ (side view, Fig. 2,
Sheet II.) is an exceedingly easy one, permitting the wearer to get ready a second
(reserve) shuttle, avoiding as a matter of course any loss of time when the final
bobbin has done working. According to the weaver's convenience he may work
with his hand the lash p by simply moving it backwards and forwards. The upper
frame F, intended for the suspension of the shafts, is purposely bent backward so as
to enable the weaver to enjoy plenty of space in using the gear.
I would mention an arrangement for checking the shuttle when entering with
vehomence into the shuttle box by using with great advantage two springs r in
lieu of the usual straps. This arrangement enhances more than anything else the
smooth working of the loom, also for the purpose of weaving in alternation with
different colours there may be fixed to the "loom" under description a "changeable
lash."
Regulator of the Shot Thread for Power Looms.-On Sheet 4, Fig. 2, is illus-
trated the friction regulator, both front and side view. Fig. 1 shows the arrange-
ment of the usual " latch wheel regulator." The friction latch C, Fig. 2, acts as a
moving latch of the friction roller K, which by the action of a spring d is per-
manently pressed against the roller. During the oscillating movement of the lash
the trestle p takes part therein; the peg g of the same carries with it the lever S
moveable round the bolt r, which in its turn pushes the latch into a relative motion
towards the roller K in such manner that the roller keeps on moving as well as the
axletree through unchangeable wheels, and directly through this the produce axle-
tree L. By displacing the trestle p at the bottom of the lash, which becomes
feasible through the existence of an opening in the same, U and a similar ono w at
the lover S, there exists the possibility of pushing forward as much as may be
required of the roller of the produce axletree, according to the nature of the goods
to be produced. The opposite latch 6 has its turning point in d³, and possesses a
prolongation like a lever b², bearing a weight t. Below one of the pegs of this
weight t operates the lever arm a connected with the shot fork. Should the shot
thread get torn then the action of the shot fork ceases, the lever a together with
the weight t get raised, and the roller is not any further moved, because the gearing
Jatch does not meet with any further resistance; at the same time takes place a
total cessation of the winding up of the produce until the thread is tied on again.
The peg d is firmly connected to the weight of the loom through a belt 4; an
additional connection exists between d and with the view of creating a correct
and close fitting of the roller and the latch; gets space, and the latch as soon as
worn out may once more be brought closer to the roller by simply applying an
adjusting screw.
Shaft Engine.-On Sheet 5 is shown the shaft engine. Fig. 1, front view; Fig. 2,
lateral view; Fig. 3, ground plan, and profile A, B; Fig. 4, details in Fig. 2,
profiles C, D. The sundry parts are marked with the following letters, viz. :-
a, supporting trestle; b, shaft hoisting levers; n, platines or rails; o, needles;
K, cylinder; 7, spindle; s, disks; i, hand wheel; d, spring; m, gear; f and f¹,
cylinder hooks; P, spring; e, fastener of the cylinder hook; g, rollers; 7, spindles of
rollers; and q, bolts; C, motion fork.
The movement of the shaft engine originates out of the dented segment fork of
the weaving loom, for which purpose there is leading from the point of the
lever b a wrought-iron bar from x to ¹. The cylinder K is fastened to the lever b
bearing like in the "jacquard" loom perforated cardboards. These cards have the
perforated pattern according to the texture to be woven. The needles O and 0¹
are by the action of a weak spring constantly pressed against the cylinder, or rather

page_text: against the cards. If these needles happen to be facing the holes in the cards then
the spring pushes them through; if a needle faces the surface of a card, then the
needle is kept back, in the same manner the lever b is raised or lowered in the same
proportion as the respective rail is either raised or lowered; the shafts connected
therewith do the same. The shape of the rails is not the one customarily adopted,
because they project in the middle (see n) where the engine gets hold of thein.
The cylinder K receives its turning movement from the lever f and f¹; when b
moves in the direction of x and a¹, then s¹ leans to the hooks fand f¹, the further
pushing on of b turns s¹ in the direction indicated by an arrow. By touching on
both sides of the cylinder K by the s¹, the cylinder through its turning is distanced
from the needles, but after a quarter turn its is once more through the spring d
pushed against b, and then the needle o again advances the rail n where there is
no hole in the card.
The shape of the needles varies from that generally adopted, as they are in front,
facing the rail flat, while in the hinder direction they are rounded off (Fig. 4);
the spring p keeps the rails fand f¹ together. There are fastened cords or chains
to ni and n, the cords attached to n passing above the roller 9, and the respec-
tive ends are then tied together below the loom to the lever. If b is pushed either
towards or thereby results that the last mentioned levers at the bottom of the
loom are raised and the respective shafts are lowered, because alternately the
cord v is moved in an upward direction and v¹ in a downward direction, con-
sequently the rails n" and "n", are in both cases getting lowered, and the shafts as a
natter of course do the same.
The hoisting up of certain shafts required by the pattern to be woven is done
by the counter pulleys provided with rollers. This manipulation is represented on
Sheet IV.
The hand wheel J (Sheet V.) is fitted for doing the following work, viz:-In
the event of the slot thread getting split, though the loom has nevertheless made
2 to 4 rotations without this mishap having been remedied, then the cylinder K
will continue turning round. After having knotted on the thread then the weaver
has to turn back the cylinder those 2 to 4 rotations, so as to replace the card in the
proper position for producing the correct pattern. The want of this contrivance
would oblige the weaver to let the loom go on without showing any produce until
the very same card was turned up again, which would give rise to a great loss of
time.
On Sheet V. Figs. Ja, 2, and 3ª demonstrate the erection on the loom of the
shaft engines; a and b are the shafts, twelve in number, suspended to the double
ended levers d and e. The ends ƒ and g of the same are fastened to the cord h, so
that there are as many levers as shafts; the various cords h are amongst them-
selves in connection by the means of a system of rollers, as represented in the
separate Drawing, Fig. 3; i is a fixed roller, but with arrangements for removal; the
cord twisted round it descends from the rollers R and l, and the cords of those again
from roller m, and so on. At the bottom of the shafts are other cords n, collecting
at their ends the levers O, and each of them carry the cord of the respective roller p
of the shaft engine. The lever Q has again in the roller S running into the
curved eccentric, as described. The end of this lever Q is connected through a bar
with the point t of the lever n, which has its turning point in v. Now, if this
lever Qis moving in an upward direction those shafts are lowered whose rails are
to be lowered in the direction of the cards, whilst the remaining ones are equally
as much raised by the system of rollers described.
Arrangement for Changing the Shuttles:-Many descriptions of texture require
an alternate use of shot threads according to a fixed rotation; by this process are
produced different coloured strips in the weft, viz., by using different coloured
threads, which are wound round on bobbins for the different shuttles. It is
necessary that at the exact time the proper shuttle be within reach of the shuttle
motor.

page_text: Employing a Slowly Moving Loom:-This arrangement of giving it the right
position is done with the hand. On the contrary, making use of the improvements
this operation is to be carried out as shown on Sheet VI., Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
Fig. 1 is the ground plan; Fig. 2, the lateral view of the changing apparatus;
Fig. 3, details of the cylinder and card. a, shuttle lash; a" and a, lash gear;
Qand p, changing corners and spring; 9, changing triangle; K, triangle gear
(Fig. 2), adjusting iron; f, cylinder; o and o¹, bolts for the cylinder and
triangle; m bolt lash; r, cylinder turning engine; 8, i, e, n, spring; all, lash
gear; b, lash cover; c, lash swing; d, frame wall. The shuttle lash a consists or
is made of tin or wood, and has the shape of a fan, the opening or slits U and U₁,
meet in a precise corner U". The shuttle motor Uni travels in the described
position in the slit U¹.
The changing of the shuttle takes place through the cylinder f and the card m
in the following manner:-p is provided with two bolts, the one to the left-linud
side pointed upwards, the other one to the right-hand side downwards. On the
cylinder turning a sixth part in consequence of the upward direction of ", then g,
through h¹, is pushed in the direction of x to a¹, moreover, h¹ leaves the hole on
the card m fastened to the cylinder f, which varies with the pattern, allowing the
cylinder to turn without any hindrance, because there are in the card on the top
of the cylinder as many oval slits as there are coloured shots, as shown by Fig. 3;
h enters into the hole of the cylinder on h¹, sliding over al, and g takes the position
towards ; but if there are on one of the cards no oval slits, then it is impossible
for to descend into the hole of the cylinder, and as a matter of course h¹¹,
together with g, assumes the position towards x². On the lash y turning
towards y then the lash is pushed forward through the triangle g, because the
lower bolt of p has necessarily to move to the right-hand side of the triangle,
whereby the shuttle lash y regains the correct position. On the contrary, if gis
pushed through the cylinder f into a position towards a¹ then takes place the
opposite effect from p, and the shuttle lash y is put in the correct working position.
The purpose of spring & is to unite p and Q into an ankle hook; no sooner does
the shuttle stop, or any other unforseen event take place by which the lash is
hindered from turning round, as p through the pushing forward of the lash is
leaving the deepening of Q, the spring n, which is fastened to the lid of the lash b,
presses from above the lash a into the required position. vis tightly screwed to
the lower side of the lash, and is clasped by the lever Q; by this contrivance the
lash it set going. The spring e presses the shuttle lash to the gear.
"
The Weaving Loom Worked by Power.-The arrangements required for fitting
the new improvements for the use of a power loom are shown in the Drawings on
Sheet 7. For altering the "weaving loom" into a power loom" the treadle has
to be removed. On the axletree g² a disk for straps has to be wedged in, and in
doing so the improved hand loom is changed to a complete "power loom."
The alterations which the above described " weaving loom," to be worked by
handle or treadle, has to undergo for this purpose are the following, viz:-The
dented wheels g* and gs are fixed outside the frame, and in their place the swinging
axletree is shortened into a curve, which is clasped by the connecting rod of the
lash. Outside the frame, and on the swinging axletree, are to be fastened the
fixed and loose disks for the straps p and 22, which are to be moved from the
transmission through straps.
So as to enable to put the "weaving loom" into working order, or vice versa,
the lever U is provided with a strap fork U. On the yarn beam, at the right or
left hand side, is placed the moving apparatus, together with the shot fork and the
shot fork hammer Us and lever U. Through the eccentric Us is produced the move-
ment of the shot fork hammer U³. Further, there is the connection of the shot
fork lever U7 with the tongue Uª and the arrangement latch Kª. As soon as the
shot fork is in full action it stops the arrangement latch K2 through the connection
with the lever and spindle U, and hinders the chance of any thinner stripe in

page_text: the texture being formed. The remaining mechanical motors will speak for
themselves.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
H. J. HADDAN. (L.S.)