Improvements in Wrenches for Pipes and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wrenches for Pipes and the like.
I, HENRY LUMSDON, Engineer, of 12, Palmer Street, Wallsend, in the County
of Northumberland, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
My invention relates to wrenches for pipes and the like and refers to that type
in which a chain grips the work with the assistance of a hand lever. In these
wrenches teeth are usually employed at or about the contact surfaces of the chain
and lever to effect the requisite grip, but in use the teeth very often break thereby
rendering the tool defective or useless. The object of my invention is to obviate
such disadvantages by providing a wrench wherein the necessary grip is entirely
obtained without the aid of teeth.
'
To this end I employ a chain permanently secured at one end, and adapted for
temporary connection at the other, to a hand lever, the arrangement being such
that when the work is encircled by the chain as customary and the temporary
attachment made, efficient grip results on applying force to the lever.
According to one form of my improvements, I permanently unite a chain of
any appropriate construction and length to a suitable hand lever by means of two
long links one at each side of the lever-pinned to the chain and hinged to the
boss of the lever so that they, and therefore the chain, can be swung round the
pivotal pin. At a convenient distance from this connection I make in the lever a
graduated series of holes and at the free end of the chain I pin two links each
having a similar series of holes while for fitting into these holes I provide a pin
or bolt which may conveniently be fastened to the lever by a small chain to prevent
Joss. Thus when the links are moved to make their corresponding holes
coincide with a hole in the lever and the pin passed therethrough
a connection is established for the time being which may be expeditiously broken
by displacing the pin. Instead of this link device other equivalent contrivances
may be adopted; for instance, the chain may be fitted with a hook or hooks to
engage and disengage a pin or set of pins on the lever at will.
In use, the chain is passed round the pipe or other article so as to form a loop
embracing it; then the free end is drawn between the long links and over the lever
boss when it is finally attached to the lever by the links and pin or hooks, the
necessary grip on the pipe or other object obtaining on the manipulation of the
lever in the ordinary manner. The graduated series of holes or their equivalent
admit of the variation of the size of the loop to provide for articles of different
diameters.
From the foregoing it will be seen that wrenches made in accord with my
invention are not only simple and effectual but also cheap to produce while their
construction involves no parts liable to easy breakage.
Dated this 2nd day of Now 1000
PRYOR & HARVEY,
Agents.

page_text: I, HENRY LUMSDON, Engineer, of 12, Palmer Street, Wallsend, in the County
of Northumberland, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to wrenches for pipes and the like and refers to that type
in which a chain grips the work, with the assistance of a hand lever. In these
wrenches teeth are usually employed at or about the contact surfaces of the chain
and lever to effect the requisite grip, but in use the teeth very often break thereby
rendering the tool defective or useless. The object of my invention is to obviate
such disadvantages by providing a wrench wherein the necessary grip is entirely
obtained without the aid of teeth.
To this end I employ a chain permanently secured at one end, and adapted for
temporary connection at the other, to a hand lever, the arrangement being such
that when the work is encircled by the chain as customary and the temporary
attachment made, efficient grip results on applying force to the lever.
I will fully describe my invention in reference to the accompanying drawings
which show a wrench constructed in accord therewith; in these drawings Fig. 1
is a plan and Fig. 2 a side elevation representing the parts in the inoperative and
operative positions respectively, while Figs. 3 and 4 are enlarged side elevations
of a detail.
According to the form of my improvements illustrated, I permanently unite a
chain A, of appropriate length and of any other suitable construction besides that
exemplified, to a hand lever B by means of two long links C, C-one at each side
of the lever B-pinned to the chain A and hinged at D to the boss b of the lever B
so that they, and therefore the chain A, can be swung round the pivotal pin. At a
convenient distance from this connection, I make a graduated series of holes 6' 61 6¹
in the lever B and at the free end of the chain A I pin two links E, E each having
holes e, e similar to the holes bb1b; for fitting into these two sets of holes I provide
a pin or bolt F which, as shown, may be conveniently fastened to the lever B by
a small chain f to prevent loss. Thus when the links E, E are moved to make one
or the other of their holes e, e coincide with one of the holes b¹ b1b1 in the lever B,
and the pin is passed therethrough, a connection is established for the time being
which may
be expeditiously broken when desired by displacing the pin.
In use, the chain A, as indicated in Fig. 2, is passed round the object G-
exemplified as a pipe-to be gripped so as to form a loop embracing same; next
the free end of the chain is drawn between the links C, and finally attached to
the lever B by passing the pin F through one of the holes e, e in each link E and one
of the holes 6 61 61 that may be suitable to procure the tautness of the chain;
then the necessary grip on the object G accrues on the manipulation of the
lever B in the ordinary manner. The holes b' 61 61 and c, e admit of the variation
of the size of the loop to provide for articles of different diameter, their number
and distance apart being determined by the range of the size of the objects upon
which the wrench is intended to operate; I have only shown two holes in the
links E, E as I find such sufficient for ordinary purposes, but of course, more
may be obtained by simply increasing the length of the links.
The boss b may either be formed with concavities as in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 or plain
as usual as in Fig. 4; the former, however, is preferable because the cavities serve
to receive the chain A in gripping thereby permitting objects to be gripped of a
lesser size than what the wrench is normally designed to take, which is an advantage
not obtainable with the other conformation.

page_text: I have described the preferred form of my invention but instead of the pin, link
and hole device for effecting the temporary connection of the chain A to the lever B
I
may, of course, adopt equivalent contrivances or means; for instance, the free
end of the chain A may be fitted with a hook or hooks to engage and disengage a
pin or set of pins, on the lever B, or vice versa, as will be obvious.
From the foregoing it will be seen that wrenches made in accord with my
invention are not only simple and effectual but also cheap to produce while their
construction involves no parts liable to easy breakage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1-In wrenches for pipes and the like, the combination with a hand lever and
a chain permanently connected thereto at one end, of means for establishing the
temporary connection of the other end of the chain and the hand lever, as and
for the purpose set forth.
2The combination of the parts herein set forth constituting my improved
wrench for pipes and the like, all arranged and adapted for use substantially as
described in reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 3rd day of March 1899.
For the Applicant,
J. A. HARVEY,
Patent Agent, 3, St. Nicholas' Buildings, Newcastle-on-Tyne.