Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Nov., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 23rd July, 1900-Accepted, 1st Sept., 1900
1, JOIN VERNON PUGH, of Primrose Hill House, Coventry, in the County of
Warwick, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention consists of the several improvements hereinafter described in
velocipedes.
The first part of my invention relates to velocipedes of the kind commonly
called free wheel velocipedes and consists of the construction and arrangement
or combination of parts hereinafter described whereby the clutch mechanism of
the said free wheel velocipede is simplified and rendered very efficient.
The parts of the clutch mechanism constituting this part of my invention are
constructed and arranged as follows. On the hub of the back or driven wheel
of the velocipede I fix a ring having a segmental recess but preferably a series
of segmental recesses, in which recesses are arranged loose filling pieces the
said loose filling pieces having a size somewhat greater than the recesses and
consequently projecting slightly therefrom. Over the said recessed ring and
filling pieces, the chain ring is placed the said chain ring having a series of
ratchet teeth on its inner edge which teeth are so arranged that when the chain
ring is rotated in the direction proper for driving the bicycle one or more of
the filling pieces, but preferably two at opposite points, engage with the ratchet
teeth of the chain ring so that the rotation of the chain ring is transmitted to
the hub of the wheel.
On the stopping of the chain ring the motion of the now free wheel of the
velocipede is permitted by the slightly projecting filling pieces performing a
rocking motion in their recesses as they come into contact with and pass the
inclined faces of the ratchet teeth of the chain ring. The chain ring is sup-
ported by ball bearings at opposite sides.
Although as hereinbefore stated one recess only may be made in the fixed
ring and one filling or rocking piece only be employed yet I prefer in order
to reduce back-lash to a minimum to employ about ten rocking or filling pieces
and to make about twelve ratchet teeth on the inner edge of the chain ring of
the hub.
And although I have described this part of my invention in connection with
the driven chain wheel on the hub yet it is equally applicable to the driving chain
wheel on the crank axle. the velocipede in the latter case being of the kind
called a free crank velocipede.
My invention consists further of the construction and arrangement of parts
hereinafter described constituting an improved back pedalling brake for bicycles
and other velocinedes

page_text: In carrying this part of my invention into effect I arrange, in the case of a
bicycle a lever on the underside of the bottom bracket of the velocipede, the
free end of the said lever carrying a pendent pawl which projects into the
hollow or ring like part of the driving cham wheel on the crank axle. The
interior of the said chain wheel has a series of notches with one or other of
which on
the back pedalling of the velocipede the pendent pawl engages;
the lever being thereby turned through an angle limited by a guiding slot in
a piece attached to the bottom bracket. To the middle of the said lever is
connected a backwardly extending rod connected at its rear end to a cross
bar the two ends of which are connected by a pair of arms or rods to brake
blocks working on the chain stay arms of the back wheel fork. When the
brake is in action the said brake blocks bear on the rim of the rear wheel of the
bicycle. The brake blocks are preserved off the rim in the normal position of
the parts by a strong coiled spring on the rearwardly extending rod herein-
before described attached to the pawl lever.
My invention consists further of the improvements hereinafter described in
or additions to front wheel brakes of the kind described, represented and claimed
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me No. 20329 of 1898 the object
of the said improvements or additions being to produce a combined tyre and
rim brake.
In carrying this part of my invention into effect I extend backwardly the
jointed arms carrying the brake spoon and connect the said extensions of the
arms by means of a pair of wires or rods to the acting ends of a second pair of
arms jointed preferably to clips on the arms or branches of the steering fork.
The last named jointed arms when raised bear on the innerside of the rim of
the front wheel and produce with the simultaneously acting tyre brake a very
efficient combined tyre and rim brake.
•
I joint the arms of the spoon brake of the kind hereinbefore referred to, to
a piece somewhat resembling in edge view the letter W, attached to the under-
side of the crown of the steering fork. The said jointed arms are prevented
from springing outwards by a second W shaped piece or bridge between which
and the first W shaped piece one of the ends of the front wheel mud guard is
fixed by screws.
My invention consists further of a steering lock for fixing the front wheel
of a bicycle when it is desired to lean it against a wall or other vertical support.
In carrying this part of my invention into effect I make in the steering tube
of the frame and in the column of the steering fork, coincident holes and I attach
to the front tube by means of a spring clip a bolt which is passed inwards and
made to engage in the hole in the column of the steering fork or withdrawn there-
from by hand. The bolt is preserved in one or other position by a split or
spring ring which engages in one or other of two annular grooves or necks in
the said bolt.
The spring clip carrying the sliding locking bolt is made of an open ring the
opening in the clip being taper for receiving a dovetail sliding piece to draw
the two ends of the clip together. The said dovetail sliding piece carries the
bolt of the steering lock and when the said bolt is in its pushed in or locking
position and made to engage with the hole on the steering fork column, the
Faid bolt locks the dovetail sliding piece of the clip and prevents its removal from
the said clip.
My invention consists further of the improvements hereinafter described in
brake levers.
In constructing a brake lever according to my invention I make the said
lever from strong steel wire or rod and in two parts. One of the said parts
constitutes the outer or handle arm of the brake lever and the other the inner
or brake operating arm of the said lever. The handle arm is cranked at its
inner end the said cranked part engaging in the eye of the usual brake lever
clip on the handle bar and constituting the axis or joint of the said lever. The

page_text: other or inner arm of the brake lever has at one end a square eye for taking on a
square shoulder on the cranked or joint part of the first named or handle arm
so that the angular motion of the one or handle arm is transmitted to the other
or inner arm of the lever.
Dated this Seventeenth day of November 1899
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
1, JOHN VERNON PUGH, of Primrose Hill House, Coventry, in the County of
Warwick; Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
--
My invention consists of the several improvements hereinafter described in
velocipedes.
The first part of my invention relates to velocipedes of the kind commonly
called free wheel velocipedes and consists of the construction and arrangement
or combination of parts hereinafter described whereby the clutch mechanism of
the said free wheel velocipedes is simplified and rendered very efficient,
The parts of the clutch mechanism constituting this part of my invention are
constructed and arranged as follows. On the hub of the back or driven wheel
of the velocipede 1 fix a ring having a segmental recess, but preferably a series
of segmental recesses, in which recesses are arranged loose filling pieces the
said loose filling pieces having a size somewhat greater than the recesses and
consequently projecting slightly therefrom. Over the said recessed ring and
filling pieces the chain ring is placed, the said chain ring having a series of
ratchet teeth on its inner edge which teeth are so arranged that when the chain
ring is rotated in the direction proper for driving the bicycle, one or more of
the filling pieces, engage with the ratchet teeth of the chain ring so that the
rotation of the chain ring is transmitted to the hub of the wheel.
On the stopping of the chain ring the motion of the now free wheel of the
velocipede is permitted by the slightly projecting filling pieces performing a
rocking motion by sliding on the concave surfaces of the segmental recesses as
they come into contact with and pass the inclined faces of the ratchet teeth of the
chain ring. The chain ring is supported by ball bearings at opposite sides.
Although, as hereinbefore stated, one recess only may be made in the fixed
ring and one filling or rocking piece only be employed, yet I have found that
twelve rocking or filling pieces and nine ratchet teeth on the inner edge of the
chain ring of the hub answer best in practice but I do not limit myself to
any particular number of the said filling pieces and ratchet teeth.
The said free wheel mechanism is represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of
the accompanying drawings.
'
Figure 1 represents in end elevation (partly in section) the free wheel mechan-
ism of my invention applied to the hub of a bicycle, the parts of the free wheel
mechanism being in the position which they respectively occupy when the wheel
is running free as is indicated by the arrow on the ring on the hub.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same taken on the line, & Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a similar view to Figure 1 showing the change in the position of
the parts when the rider is driving the velocipede as is indicated by the arrow
on the chain wheel.

page_text: Figures 4, 5 and 6 are parts of the hub detached.
a is the hub and the spindle of the rear wheel. c is the ring screwed on the
hub (shown separately in Figure 4) in which the recesses for the filling or
rocking pieces i are made and is a second ring also screwed on the hub:
f (Figure 2) is a locking ring which in addition to locking the rings c, d also
serves to close the ball bearing cup of the hub dust proof. The two rings c, d
have flanges c, d respectively the peripheries of which flanges are conical and
constitute bearings for the races of balls by which the chain wheel e (shown
separately in Figures 5 and 6) is supported.
The unflanged part only of the ring c has the segmental recesses or crossing
grooves described for the filling or rocking pieces i as will be seen by reference
to the separate views of the ring e in Figure 4. The filling or rocking pieces i
are of such a size that they project slightly from the recesses, as will be seen
by reference to Figure 1. Over the unflanged and grooved part of the ring c
and rocking pieces i, the chain wheel e is placed. The said chain wheel has
on its inside a series of ratchet. teeth e. The chain wheel e is preserved, con-
centric with the ring by ball bearings y, h on the cones c, d² of the rings c,
respectively.
d
In order to facilitate the putting together of the parts and to prevent the balls
of the chain wheel bearing on the separation of the parts of the free wheel
mechanism from falling out, I prefer to make those parts of the ball races carried
by the wheel with thin sheet metal caging rings el, el (see the separate views of
the chain wheel Figures 5 and 6) which caging rings are attached to the chain
wheel by a spinning operation one edge of each caging ring being turned or
engaged in an annular groove in the chain wheel e as will be best understood by
an examination of the vertical section Figure 6.
The action of the mechanism is as follows:--
"
When the rider is driving, three of the ratchet teeth e² engage three of the
rocking pieces i as will be seen by reference to Figure 3 where the three engaged
rocking pieces are line shaded to distinguish them from the unengaged rocking
pieces and the chain wheel e and ring c on the hub are thereby locked together
the rotation of the chain wheel being transmitted to the hub. Should the rider
cease to pedal when the velocipede is in motion the ring c fixed to the hub
continuing to rotate with the wheel as is indicated by the arrow in Figure 1 the
filling pieces i pass under the ratchet teeth e² without any engagement the said
pieces as they pass under the ratchet teeth e performing a rocking motion in
the recesses or grooves of the ring e being tilted as they leave the said ratchet
teeth into a position proper to ensure the immediate engagement of the ratchet
teeth of the chain wheel with the said rocking pieces should the rider re-commence
pedalling.
It will be noted that the rocking motion described of the filling pieces i is
not an oscillatory motion of the said pieces i upon a fixed edge or fulcrum but is
a sliding motion of the convex curvilinear surfaces of the filling pieces upon the
concave surfaces of the segmental recesses.
The mechanism hereinbefore described and represented with respect to a free
wheel velocipede is equally applicable to the driving chain wheel on the crank
axle as is illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings, the
velocipede in this case being of the kind commonly called a free crank velocipede.
kis the crank to which is attached the ring in the recesses in which the
filling or rocking pieces i are situated and work. The ring e carrying the chain
ring carrying arms e³, e³, e³ hás ratchet teeth e on its inside similar to the
chain wheel e in the first described arrangement the said ring e taking over
the recessed part of the ring and its filling or rocking pieces i. The action of
the free-crank mechanism described is essentially the same as the action of the
parts of the free wheel mechanism herein before described and corresponding
parts are marked with the same letters of reference.
Although I have described and represented the segmental recesses or grooves

page_text: in the ring and the ratchet teeth on the inner edge of the chain wheel or ring e
yet I wish it to be understood that the said arrangement may be reversed with
the same or nearly the same effect, that is to say the segmental recesses or grooves
may be made in the inside of the chain wheel and the ratchet teeth be formed on the
ring c as is illustrated in Figures 9, 10 and 11.
Figures 9 and 10 represent the parts of the free wheel mechanism fitted together
and Figure 11 represents views of the hub and ratchet toothed ring c detached.
I wish it to be understood that by the construction and arrangement of the
parts of free wheel mechanism hereinbefore described the free wheel bicycle
can by the use of a second or additional chain wheel be readily converted when
desired into a fixed chain wheel bicycle. In order that the conversion referred
to may be the better understood I have represented a complete hub with the free
wheel mechanism applied thereto in Figures 12 and 13 and the said hub con-
verted into an ordinary fixed chain wheel hub in Figures 14 and 15; Figure 16
represents the additional chain wheel employed in the latter case.
In effecting the conversion referred to the coned outer ring d, d² and internally
ratchet toothed chain wheel e and rocking pieces are removed, a chain wheel m
is fitted to the hub the said chain wheel having internal segmental projections
the counterpart of the recesses in which the removed rocking pieces worked and
the said chain wheel is locked in position by an internally screwed cup n the
inner end of which has a diameter proper for passing over the end of the recessed
ring part of the hub as will be best seen by reference to Figure 14.
10
Where a wheel of the kind represented in Figure 16 is supplied so that the
free wheel velocipede may be readily converted into a fixed chain wheel velocipede
I prefer to make the grooves or recesses for the rocking pieces in the hub
instead of in a ring attached to the hub, and in consequence I have represented
in Figures 12, 13, 14 and 15 the hub made in the manner described represented
and claimed in the Complete Specification of Letters Patent No. 16001 of 1899.
My invention consists further of the construction and arrangement of parts
hereinafter described constituting an improved back pedalling brake for bicycles
and other velocipedes.
In carrying this part of my invention into effect I arrange, in the case of a
bicycle, a lever on the underside of the bottom bracket of the velocipede, the
free end of the said lever carrying a pendent pawl which projects into the
hollow or ring like part of the driving chain wheel on the crank axle. The
interior of the said chain wheel has a series of notches with one or other of
which . on the back pedalling of the velocipede the pendent pawl engages,
the lever being thereby turned through an angle limited by a guiding slot in
a piece attached to the bottom bracket. To the middle of the said lever is
connected a backwardly extending rod connected at its rear end to a cross
bar the two ends of which are connected by a pair of arms or rods to brake
blocks working on the chain stay arms of the back wheel fork. When the
brake is in action the said brake blocks bear on the rim of the rear wheel of the
bicycle. The brake blocks are preserved off the rim in the normal position of
the parts by a strong coiled spring on the rearwardly extending rod herein-
before described attached to the pawl lever. Instead of the pendent pawl described
a spring actuated pawl may be employed on the lever attached to the underside
of the bottom bracket.
A back pedalling brake of the kind described is represented in side elevation
in Figure 17 and plan of underside (partly in section) in Figure 18.
? is the horizontal pawl lever pivoted at p¹ to the underside of the bottom
bracket of the bicycle the unjointed end of the said lever passing through a slot r¹
in a plate fixed to the bottom bracket. The unjointed end p² of the lever is
bent down at right angles and constitutes a bracket or hanger for one end of the
pawls (see Figure 17). The jointed end of the lever has a similar bracket or
hanger attached thereto for carrying the other end of the pawl s. One end
of the pawls projects into the interior of the ring like part of the driving

page_text: chain wheel t. At the angles of the interior of the ring like part 2 and notches t¹.
On the rider forward pedalling, that is to say, pedalling in the direction of the
arrow in Figure 17 the pawl is raised out of contact with the angular sides of
the interior of the wheel by the frictional contact of the spring 2 on one end of
the pawls, bearing on the inner face of the chain wheel. But on the rider
reversing the direction of rotation by back pedalling the chain wheel brings the
spring and pawls down and one of the notches t₁ engages with the end of the
pawls as represented in Figure 17 and causes the turning of the lever pon
its centre the unjointed end of the said lever p having motion in the slot.
The motion described of the lever p on the rider back pedalling operates the
brake, as follows:-
To the middle of the lever, a rod is attached the said rod carrying at its
rear end a cross arm ¹, to the ends of which a pair of rods or arms u², u² con-
nected to brake blocks w³, working on the branches of the chain stay fork
are attached. On the rod u is a strong coiled spring a bearing at its front end
against a fixed arm or bracket v. When the lever is moved in the manner
herein before described the rod u is pulled in the direction of the arrow Figure 18
and the brake blocks are made to bear on the rim of the wheel with more or
less pressure the coiled spring w being compressed. On the rider ceasing to
back pedal the expansion of the coiled spring w causes the return of the several
parts to their normal or out of action positions as represented in the drawings.
My invention consists further of a steering lock for fixing the front wheel of a
bicycle when it is desired to lean it against a wall or other vertical support.
The steering lock constituting this part of my invention is represented in
Figures 19, 20 and 21.
Figures 19 and 20 represent the said steering lock in vertical section, the
steering lock being out of action in Figure 19 and in action in Figure 20.
Figure 21 is a plan of the steering lock, the steering tube and steering column
being in horizontal section.
I make in the steering tube 1 of the frame and in the column 2 of the steering
fork coincident holes and I attach to the front tube by means of a spring clip 3
a bolt 4 which is pressed inwards and made to engage in the hole in the column 2
of the steering fork or withdrawn therefrom by hand. The bolt is preserved in
one or other position by a split or spring wire ring 5 which engages in one or
other of two annular grooves or necks marked 6 and 7 respectively in the said
bolt.
The spring clip 3 carrying the sliding locking bolt is made of an open ring
the opening in the clip being taper for receiving a dovetail sliding piece to
draw the two ends of the clip together. The said dovetail sliding piece carries
the bolt case or tube 8 and spring ring 5 of the steering lock and when the said
bolt is in the pushed in or locking position represented in Figure 20 and made
to engage with the hole in the steering fork column 2 the said bolt locks the
dovetail sliding piece of the clip and prevents its removal from the said clip.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I am aware that it is not new
generally in free-wheel or free-crank mechanism to have a pawl oscillating in
the plane of its ratchet wheel which each of the ratchet teeth as it passes first
moves into operative position and which is then returned by the same tooth to
inoperative position, and I make no general claim to such a pawl, but I declare
that I claim as my invention of "Improvements in velocipedes
First The construction and arrangement or combination of parts constituting
improved free wheel mechanism for velocipedes hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 and 13 of the accompanying drawings
the said arrangement of parts consisting essentially of a ring fitted to or made
in one piece with the end of the hub the said ring having a segmental recess or
a series of segmental recesses in its periphery a second ring on the outer side

page_text: of the recessed or grooved ring, a loose segmental shaped filling piece or pieces
arranged in the segmental recess or recesses of the recessed ring the said filling
pieces having a size slightly greater than the segmental recesses and a chain
wheel bearing on the two rings the said chain wheel having ratchet teeth on
its inside the several parts being constructed and operating substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated.
Secondly-The construction and arrangement or combination of the parts of
free crank mechanism for velocipedes herein before described and represented
in Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings the said arrangement of parts
consisting essentially of a ring on the boss of the crank the said ring having in
it a segmental recess or a series of segmental recesses and a second ring on which
rings the chain ring carrying part bears the last named part having ratchet
teeth on its inside, one or more of which ratchet teeth when the driving chain
wheel is turned in a forward direction, engage with one or more loose filling
pieces arranged in and projecting slightly from the recess or recesses of the
recessed ring on the boss of the crank, the several parts being constructed and
working substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
Thirdly; The modification of the arrangements claimed in the prior claims
hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 9, 10 and 11 the said modification
consisting essentially in forming the segmental grooves or recesses for the loose
filling or rocking pieces in the inside of the chain wheel and the ratchet teeth
on the ring on the hub or boss of the crank substantially as described and
illustrated.
Fourthly Supporting the chain wheel of the free wheel or free crank
mechanism hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings
upon ball bearings the balls of which are retained or caged in sheet metal rings
attached to the chain wheel by a spinning operation substantially as herein before
described and illustrated.
Fifthly The combination with hubs made for the free wheel or free crank
mechanism claimed in Claims 1, 2 and 3 of chain wheels having an interior
shaped to fit the recessed or grooved ring or recessed end of the hub and a cap
with inner end or mouth of a diameter proper to pass over the end of the
recessed ring or part of the hub for locking the chain wheel to the hub sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 14, 15 and 16 of
the accompanying drawings.
Sixthly The construction and arrangement or combination of the parts of
back pedalling brake mechanism hereinbefore described and represented in
Figures 17 and 18 of the accompanying drawings the said arrangement of parts
consisting essentially of a lever pivoted to the underside of the bottom bracket
and working in a slotted plate at or near one end of the bottom bracket, a pawl
carried by the said lever one end of which pawl takes in a notched ring like part
of the driving chain wheel and a rod attached to the lever which rod is connected
to the pair of arms carrying the rim brake blocks the rod described having upon
it a strong coiled spring the several parts being constructed combined and working
substantially as described and illustrated.
Seventhly-The steering lock herein before described and represented in
Figures 19, 20 and 21 of the accompanying drawings the said steering lock con-
sisting of a spring clip or open ring on the steering or front tube of the velocipede
and a wedge shaped closing part for the said ring the said wedge shaped part
carrying a tube or case and an open wire or spring ring in which tube and ring
a hand operated bolt works which bolt when pushed in passes through coincident
holes in the front tube and steering column the said bolt having in it annular
grooves with one or other of which the wire ring engages when the bolt is in
its locking or unlocking position substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated this Twentieth day of July 1900.