Year: 1886

page_text: I, ROBERT CHALMERS of 165 Princes Street, Dundee, in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, Mill Manager do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in ring spinning, has for its object
the spinning of flax and jute on pirns or cops.
+
In carrying the invention into practice a ratchet wheel and a smooth pulley are
arranged upon an axis the same as that of the pivot of the heart lever of an
ordinary flax, tow or jute spinning frame and upon the pulley a chain is capable of
being wound. This last referred to chain passes from the beforementioned pulley
to and over a pulley at the opposite end of the heart lever and is secured at its
end to a further pulley on the end of the traverse 'snaft. This traverse shaft is
connected to the ring-rail in a manner similar to that in which it has hitherto been
connected to the bobbin board.
..
Two pawls engage with the teeth of the before-mentioned ratchet wheel, one of
the said pawls being caused to operate the said ratchet wheel by a projection
on the heart wheel, while the other of such pawls retains the said ratchet wheel in
any position so arrived at.
The "heart" effects the traverse by imparting to the heart lever an oscillating
motion, while the uptake of the chain builds the cop.
"
The cop-bottom is formed by starting the chain in a line intersecting the centre
of the winding on pulley; the uptake is thus slow at the beginning, and attains its
full speed at the time the chain becomes a tangent to the pulley.
When the pirn or cop is completed, the before mentioned pawls may be raised by
the spinner by means of a lever and the ring-rail falls (under control of a drag).
Dated this eighteenth day of January 1886.
"

page_text: I, ROBERT CHALMERS of 165 Princes Street, Dundee, in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, Mill Manager do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN RING SPINNING and in what manner the same
to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My Invention, which relates to improvements in ring spinning, has for its object
the spinning of flax and jute on pirns or cops.
In carrying my Invention into practice, a ratchet wheel and a smooth pulley are
arranged upon an axis the same as that of the pivot of the heart lever of an
ordinary flax, tow or jute spinning frame and upon the pulley a chain is capable of
being wound. This last referred to chain, passes from the before mentioned
pulley to and over a pulley at the opposite end of the heart lever and is secured at
its end to a further pulley on the end of the traverse shaft. This traverse shaft is
connected to the ring-rail in a manner similar to that in which it has hitherto been
connected to the bobbin board.
Two pawls engage with the teeth of the beforementioned ratchet wheel, one of
the said pawls being caused to operate the said ratchet wheel by a projection on
the heart-wheel, while the other of such pawls retain the said ratchet wheel in any
position so arrived at.
The "heart" effects the traverse by imparting to the heart lever, an oscillating
motion, while the uptake of the chain builds the cop.
'
The cop-bottom is formed by starting the chain in a line intersecting the centre
of the winding on pulley, the uptake is thus slow at the beginning and attains its
full speed at the time the chain becomes a tangent to the pulley.
C
When the pirn or cop is completed, the beforementioned pawls may be raised
by the spinner by means of a lever, and the ring-rail falls (under control of
a drag).
In order that my Invention may be properly understood and readily carried into
effect, I will now proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
Figures 1 and 2 are respectively an end and a front elevation of part of a
spinning frame constructed according to my present Invention.
Figure 3, is a side elevation of a detached portion of the same as constructed
according to a modification of my said Invention..
In a spinning frame constructed according to the present Invention, the heart
lever a, is pivoted upon the shaft b, in the ordinary well-known manner. Upon
this shaft b, the drag or brake pulley c, the ratchet wheel d, and the smooth
pulley e, are keyed or otherwise secured, the last mentioned pulley e, being
preferably cast in one with, that is to say, on the side of the ratchet wheel d, as
shewn more particularly at Figure 2. To or upon the periphery of the pulley is
secured one end of the chain f, which passes over the pulley g, carried in the free
end of the heart lever a; and the opposite end of which is secured to or upon the
periphery of the pulley h, the said chain f, being provided with any of the well-
known means (not represented upon the annexed drawings) wherewith to adjust,
J

page_text: that is to say, increase or decrease its length. The pulley h, as shewn more
particularly at Figure 2, is secured upon the end of the traverse shaft i, which also
has rigidly secured upon it one, two, three or more pulleys corresponding to that
represented in dotted lines at j, upon the annexed drawings. To or upon the
periphery of these pulleys j, there are secured the upper ends of the chains k, only
one of which is shewn upon the annexed drawings, and for simplicity only one such
cbain is hereinafter referred to, it being well understood that the number of these
chains k, as also of the pulleys j, to which their upper ends are attached, is pro-
portioned to the length of the spinning frame to which they are applied. The
lower end of the chain k, is secured to the eye-bolt 1, the position of which is
capable of being adjusted by the nuts m, in the bracket n. This bracket n,
is secured to the vertical bar o, (of bars similar to which there is obviously a
number corresponding to that of the sets of pulleys j, and chains k,) which is held
in position against the back of the fixed rails p, and q, respectively, by the plates r,
and screwed bolts 8, (Figure 1) the bar o, being so slotted or otherwise shaped at
these points of support as to admit of the necessary vertical motion being imparted
to it. The bars o, have the ring-rail t, secured to their upper ends in the ordinary
well-known manner, and the arrangement, construction and means for operating
the spindles u, being also well-known and therefore constituting no part of my
invention are not hereinfurther referred to. Upon the side of the toothed wheel v,
which though its shaft w, (Figure 1) rotates the heart-shaped cam x, there is
secured the projection or study, the relative position of which is such that at each
revolution of the said wheel v, the said stud raises the horizontal or approximately
horizontal arm of the bell-crank lever s. This lever z, is pivoted at a³, to the
gable b', of the frame and to the upper end of its vertical or approximately vertical
arm the pawl c¹, is pivoted, all as shewn more particularly at Figure 1, of the
annexed drawings. The pawl c¹, engages with the teeth of the beforementioned
ratchet wheel d, and a second pawl d, also engages therewith, this pawl d³, being
pivoted to the rigid bracket 6¹, formed upon the gable b¹. The pawls c¹, and d¹, are
formed with the projections or arms f1, which extend backward, as shewn more
particularly at Figure 2, to and over the inclined bar or plate g¹. This bar or
plate g¹, is preferably constructed as a part of the vertical bar h', which is supported
in suitable guides, not represented upon the annexed drawings. The lower end of
the bar h¹, is pivoted to the rear end of the hand lever i¹, which is pivoted at 1, to
a bracket formed on the gable b¹. The leather or equivalent brake band k¹, which
is carried at one end thereof and drawn down by the weights, upon the drag or
brake pulley c¹, is secured at its opposite end to the rigid rail m³, Figure 1.
When the hereinbefore described arrangement of mechanism is adjusted for
building up a fresh series of pirns n', and the ring-rail t, therefore in its lowest
position, the portion of the chain f, which is situated between the pulleys e, and g,
is disposed upon a line radial to the axis of the said pulley e. The machine being
started, the lever a, for forming the succession of cones in which the flax or jute
is wound upon the pirns carried upon the several spindles u, is caused to oscillate
by the rotation of the heart-shaped cam x, the chain f, being wound on and off the
pulley h, and the chain k, in the reverse way being wound off and on the pulley j,
that is to say, in the ordinary well-known manner. By the rotation of the
projection or stud y, secured to the toothed wheel v, the pawl c¹, is caused to rotate
the ratchet wheel d, the second pawl d', retaining the said ratchet wheel d, in the
position into which it has been so moved. The chain f, is, in this manner, moved
from the radial position in which it is represented in dotted lines at Figure 1, into
the tangential position in which it is there represented in full lines, the time
occupied by such changing of position of the chain f, being that during which the
lower rounded part of the pirn n', is built up, that is to say, the part of the pirn,
the building of which necessitates a slow uptake motion being imparted to the
ring-rail t. At the time the chain f, reaches the before mentioned tangential
position, the uptake motion is at its maximum speed and the building up of the
parallel portion of the pirn is regularly proceeded with, an equal quantity or length

page_text: of the said chain being coiled upon the pulley e, at each successive stroke of the
pawl c¹. After the building of one series of pirns n², has been completed and it is
desired to lower the ring-rail t, into the position necessary to effect the building of
another series of pirus, the hand lever i, is depressed and maintained depressed at
its outer end, and its inner end and the bar h¹, being thereby raised, the pawls c²,
and d¹, by means of the arms f¹, thereon, are released from the teeth of the ratchet
wheel d. The weight of the ring-rail t, and its connections being thus left
unsupported, the said ring-rail falls into its lowest position, its too-rapid descent
being prevented by means of the brake .band . The hand-lever, is then
released and the operation of building other pirns is proceeded with as before.
At Figure 3, of the annexed drawings, I have represented in side elevation a
modified arrangement of mechanism whereby is produced, an uptake motion,
generally slower than that obtainable by the hereinbefore described arrangement,
this slower uptake motion being necessary in the spinning of finer yarns.
Under this construction of apparatus the ratchet wheel d, is formed in one with
the toothed pinion o¹, which is represented in dotted lines at Figure 3, or, the said
pinion o¹, may be constructed independently, but secured upon the shaft b, upon
which the ratchet wheel d, is also secured. The pinion o¹, gears with the toothed
wheel p, which is also represented in dotted lines at Figure 3, and which is pivoted
on the stud q¹, secured in the heart lever a. To the side of the toothed wheel p¹,
the pulley,
secured either as a part of the same, casting or otherwise, and to
the periphery of this said pulley e, the chain f, is secured in a manner corresponding
to that herein before described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the annexed
drawings.
When it is desired to lengthen or shorten the cones into which the yarn is wound
upon the spindles u, that is to say, to make the said cones more or less taper, the
stud r, is moved respectively farther from or nearer to the shaft b, upon which the
lever α, is pivoted, the said stud r³, being secured in any position so arrived at, by
the nut s¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting the
apparatus for effecting the spinning of Flax and Jute on pirns or cops all sub-
stantially as and operating in the manner hereinbefore set forth with reference to
the annexed drawings.
Second-The improvements in mechanism for spinning Flax and Jute, consisting
of the ratchet wheel d, pulley e, chain f, projection or stud y, bell-crank lever 2,
pawls c¹, and d¹, with their projections or arms f¹, plate gl, vertical bar h', hand
lever ¹, and brake pulley c, and brake-band k¹, and their directly connected parts
all substantially as, and operating in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore
set forth with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the annexed drawings or the
mechanical equivalents of all or any of the said parts.
Third The improvements in mechanism for spinning fine yarns consisting of the
arrangement shewn at Figure 3, all substantially as herein before described with
reference to that Figure of the annexed drawings.
Dated this Second day of August 1886.
J. H. JOHNSON, DAY & JOHNSON,
Applicant's Agents.