Year: 1855

page_text: LONDON:
PRINTED BY GEORGE E. EYRE, AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,
PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY :
PUBLISHED AT THE GREAT SEAL PATENT OFFICE,
25, SOUTHAMPTON BUILDINGS, 11OLBORN.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Iles, of Peel Works, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES, KNOBS AND HANDLES OF DOORS, ROLLERS OF
CASTORE AND Rosso non Comm"
Sealed the 6th July 1855, and dated the 3rd March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Iles at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd March 1855.
I, CHARLES ILES, of Peel Works, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for." IMPROVE-
.MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES, KNOBS AND HANDLES OF DOORS, ROLLERS OF
CASTORS, AND REELS FOR COTTON AND THREAD," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture the external surfaces of tubes,
also the whole or external surfaces of knobs or handles of doors, the rollers of
castors, and reels for cotton or thread of the hard cements produced from
plaster of Paris or gypsum, either plain or colored, or combined with colored
fibres to obtain the appearance of veined marble to such surfaces. For these
purposes, when coating tubes, and also when coating tubular or hollow forms
of the articles intended to be made, the tubes or hollow forms are laid in
moulds, and the cement is cast thercon in such moulds roughly to the form of
ME
ISHNA

page_text: the articles desired; or, when any of the articles above mentioned are to be
without tubular or hollow forms, they are to be cast roughly in moulds to
the forms desired, and then the cast articles thus produced are to be turned
in a lathe or machine and polished. By these improvements in the manu-
facture, coated tubes, knobs and handles of doors, rollers of castors, and reels
for cotton or thread, will be made in imitation marble.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Iles in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd September 1855.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
ILES, of Peel Works, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Пerself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Iles, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Iles,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Charles Iles, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES, KNOBS AND HANDLES OF DOORS, ROLLERS OF CASTORS,
AND REELS FOR COTTON AND THREAD," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Charles Iles, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the samo to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Iles, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say):-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture the external surfaces of tubes,
also the whole or external surfaces of knobs or handles of doors, the rollers of

page_text: castors, and reels for cotton or thread, of the hard cements produced from
plaster of Paris or gypsum, either plain or colored, or combined with colored
fibres to obtain the appearance of veined marble to such surfaces. For thesc
purposes, when coating tubes, and also when coating tubular or hollow forms
of the articles intended to be made, the tubes or hollow forms are laid in
moulds, and the cement is cast thereon in such moulds roughly to the form of
the articles desired; or when any of the articles above mentioned are to be
without tubular or hollow forms, they are to be cast roughly in moulds to the
forms desired, and then the cast articles thus produced are to be turned in a
lathe or machine and polished.. By these improvements in the manufacture
of coated tubes, knobs and handles of doors, rollers of castors, and reels for
cotton or thread, will be made in imitation marble.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
I employ, by preference, that preparation or manufacture of cement from
plaster of Paris or gypsum which is known as Keene's cement, though other
preparation of hard setting cement from plaster of Paris or gypsum may be
used in place thereof, and the cement may, in carrying out this Invention,
be used with or without coloring matter; and when imitations of veined marbles
are desired, then I prefer to prepare such imitations by combining fibres of
silk, cotton, or others with the cement; and these fibres are mixed with the
cement in like manner to that in which hair is mixed with mortar, as was
described in the Specification of a former Patent, granted to me on the Twenty-
sixth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine. When carry-
ing out my present Invention, I have moulds made, by preference, of metal
suitable for moulding therein the article desired. Thus, supposing I wish to
mako the pillar or legs of tables, or other articles of furniture wherein is
employed a tube of metal, then I have the mould formed in such manner
as to sustain the tube on the interior, and run or introduce the cement into
the mould, and there allow it to sct. In this manner may a most im-
proved manufacture of the legs of tables, pillars, and hollow rods be produced,
and they may be finished and polished in a machine. In like manner do I
mould or cast knobs and handles of doors, rollers of castors, and reels for
cotton, introducing where necessary tubular or other forms of metal, as above
explained, and I finish them by turning and polishing. By such means I
am enabled to produce the articles above mentioned at a comparatively
cheap cost.
Having thus described tho nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is, the

page_text: manufacture of covered tubes, knobs and handles of doors, rollers of castors,
and reels for cotton and thread by casting or moulding them of the descriptions
of cements herein mentioned.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Iles, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
CHARLES ILES. (L.B.)
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE.