Improvements in Washers for Locking-nuts.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 20th Dec., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Washers for Locking-nuts.
I, JAMES ALEXANDER TURNBULL, of Mount Prospect Avenue, Newark, State of
New Jersey, U.S.A., Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to lock washers for bolts and nuts of every description.
The object of my said invention is to prevent the nut on any bolt from working
loose through vibration or other causes more effectually than has hitherto been
accomplished; and for that purpose I provide a split helical washer terminating at
each end with a sharp projection or spur; one or both ends being slightly tapering
as will be hereinafter more fully described and particularly pointed out in the
claims:
In the drawings like letters of reference indicate like parts of the invention..
Figure 1, is a perspective of my improved washer.
Figure 2, is an edge view of same.
Figure 3, shows my washer as applied to an ordinary bolt and nut.
The washer is preferably constructed of steel properly tempered, of uniform
thickness in cross section for about two-thirds of its circumference, but it may be of
uniform thickness throughout. The free ends B and C are provided with integral
spurs band C, the spur
being preferably quite acute in its angle, while the spur c is
considerably more obtuse, which form allows the nut to rotate with comparative ease
and freedom while being screwed on.
In Figure 2 the end is tapered so as to give sufficient elasticity when tightly
compressed and provide for their action when made in the helical form as shown in
said figure.
b
In Figure 3, A represents the washer proper placed in position under the nut G
on the bolt E; F, F, represents two plates bolted together; in this figure it will be
seen that the nut is screwed down tightly on the washer A, the acute spur 6 being
sunk into the softer metal of the plate F thus retaining the washer in its initial
position, while the obtuse spur e is, through the helical form of the washer pressing
firmly against the inner surface of the nut G, and any vibration causes the spur
to sink into the softer metal of the nut G which prevents said nut from working
loose on the bolt E.
The sharp end spurs are arranged at right angles to the washer prongs, so that a
direct acting engagement with the adjoining surfaces is secured thus ensuring a
quick, positive and effective locking of the parts in contact.
By tapering one third of the circumference of the washer as shown in drawing the
original spring and helical form is maintained thereby obtaining a better result than
has before been obtained by any construction known to me.
The spurs being tempered and sharpened will readily cut into the softer metal of
the adjoining surfaces and form a lock.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. As an article of manufacture, a steel split washer having right angled spurs
projecting from the opposite surfaces of the ends of the washer as and for the
purpose specified.
2. As an article of manufacture, a steel split washer tapering to one end for about
one third of its circumference and provided on each end with projecting spurs
substantially as and for the purpose specified.

page_text: 5. As an article of manufacture, a steel split washer of helical form provided at
each end with projecting spurs on opposite surfaces of washer, and tapering to each
end for about one half of its circumference substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
Dated this 4th day of November 1890.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.