CERTAIN MACHINERY TO BE MOVED BY WIND, STEAM, MANUAL LABOUR, OR ANY OF THE PROCESSES NOW EMPLOYED FOR MOVING MACHINERY, BY MEANS OF WHICH BOATS, BARGES, AND OTHER FLOAT- ING VESSELS MAY BE PROPELLED OR MOVED ON THE WATER
Year: 1816

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1,
JOHN MILLINGTON, late of Duke Street, Manchester Square, in the
County of Middlesex, but now of Hammersmith, in the said County,
Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the First day of February, in the Fifty-sixth year
of His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said John Millington,
my exors, admiors, and assigns, His special licence that I, the said John
Millington, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise and
vend, within England and Wales, and the town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN MACHINERY TO BE MOVED BY WIND,
STEAM, MANUAL LABOUR, OR ANY OF THE PROCESSES NOW EMPLOYED FOR
MOVING MACHINERY, BY MEANS OF WHICH BOATS, BARGES, AND OTHER FLOAT-
ING VESSELS MAY BE PROPELLED OR MOVED ON THE WATER," in which
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said John
Millington, under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description
of the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed and carried into effect, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same
(relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the
said John Millington, do hereby declare that my said Invention is
described in the words following, that is to say:
I apply the machinery which is to give motion to the ship, boat,
barge, or other vessel, while floating, either at the head or stern of the
vessel, or at both of them at the same time; and the means which I
make use of produce this motion consists in an engine or machine
which I call a propellor, and the action of air blown or driven out from
pipes under the surface of the water in which the vessel floats, and in
a direction contrary to-that-in which-it-is--intended the vessel shall
move.
The propellor consists of a bar or shaft of wrought iron or any other
sufficient strong material, which must be proportioned to the size of
the vessel to which it is to be attached, and upon which are fixed
one, two, or more vanes or sails of plate iron, copper, or other materials,
with sufficient ribs or braces of iron or other material capable of
making them stiff, and capable of maintaining the form which may
be given to them. These vanes are placed in an angle of 45 degrees
to the plane of their motion, which lies at right angles or perpendi-
cular to the axis of the bar, so that when the bar is turned round upon
this axis it likewise moves the vanes in the manner of the fly of a
smoke jack; but the propellor differs from this, inasmuch as the
surface of the vanes must not extend to each other, but must have
windmill to allow the free
spaces between them like the sails of a
escape of the water; and I find that 2 vanes, each extending to
about a quadrant of a circle, produce a greater effect than other
any
number, though I reserve to myself the right of using a greater or less
number of them, as well of making them to shift on their pivots or
points of attachment, so as to alter the angle which they make with
the plane of their motion from forty-five degrees to any greater or
less angle, according to the speed with which they are moved, or

page_text: the velocity which I wish to communicate to the vessel; and I retain
them in any angle in which they be set by one or more of the braces
or stays which pass from the side of the vane to the shaft or bar upon
which it is fixed. At the other end of this shaft or bar is an hooks or
universal joint, such as is well known to mechanists, by which it
communicates with a short turned or circular shaft having a shoulder
formed upon it so as to work in a water-tight manner through a
shifting box of the common and well-known form, which stuffing box
and shaft are made to pass through the end of the vessel, just above
its ordinary water line, and there firmly affixed to it. To the inner
end of this short shaft another universal joint is attached, which com-
municates directly with the bar or shaft, to which a circular motion is
given by a steam engine, or the power of men or horses, or any of the
prime movers which are generally used for such purposes, and by which
it will be seen that a circular motion will also be given to the propellor
while laying in the water at the outside of the vessel. The propellor,
with its external shaft or bar, are kept at their proper depth in the
water, as well as in their right direction, by means of guy or guide
ropes, for which purpose the external is not all made of the same size,
but has a shoulder or fillet upon it at about one third of its length
from the vanes; and upon this a collar of metal is fixed to hold or
affix the guys too, a rope or tackle being fixed on each side of the same,
and proceeding to the larboard and starboard sides of the vessel, while the
third is fixed to a projecting beam in the nature of a bowsprit, or to the
bowsprit itself, if the vessel carries one, by which not only the depth of
the propellor is regulated in the water, but it may be raised quite out
of the water whenever required. By this arrangement, it appears that
the vessel may not only be moved backwards or forwards in the water,
according to the direction of the motion which is given to the propel-
lor, but likewise that the vessel may be steered or assisted in steerage
by it. The other part of my contrivance consists in placing tubes or
pipes of iron or other material along the sides of the vessel, either
in the inside or outside of the same, but underneath its water line
when it is not laden, which pipes terminate with open ends at or near
the stern of the vessel on the two opposite ends of the rudder, or pre-

page_text: ceed obliquely through the sides of the vessel, so as to point towards
the stern, or in both the manners just described; while the opposite
ends which are within the vessel communicate with an air vessel of
iron, copper, or other fit material, which is to be supplied with air (to be
blown out or discharged against the water) by means of air pumps,
blowing cylinders, or any of the accustomed methods of blowing used
for furnaces, forges, or other purposes, and which said blowing apparatus
is to be worked or wrought by the same steam engine or other power
which may be applied to work or drive the propellor before described,
and at the same time or not, as may be most advantageous to then
situation of the vessel, since it will be evident that these contrivances
can both be thrown in action at the same time, when great speed is
required, or that they can be used separately and individually, as may
be most convenient.
In witness whereof, 1, the said John Millington, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, the Thirty-first day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixteen.
TATT

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN MILLINGTON, late of Duke Street, Manchester Square, in the
County of Middlesex, but now of Hammersmith, in the said County,
Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
<late at Westminster, the First day of February, in the Fifty-sixth year
of His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said John Millington,
my exors, alñiors, and assigns, His special licence that I, the said John
Millington, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise and
vend, within England and Wales, and the town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN MACHINERY TO BE MOVED BY WIND,
STEAM, MANUAL LABOUR, OR ANY OF THE PROCESSES NOW EMPLOYED FOR
MOVING MACHINERY, BY MEANS OF WHICH BOATS, BARGES, AND OTHER FLOAT-
ING VESSELS MAY BE PROPELLED OR MOVED ON THE WATER," in which
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said John
Millington, under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description
of the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed and carried into effect, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same
(relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, T, the
said John Millington, do hereby declare that my said Invention is
described in the words following, that is to say:
I apply the machinery which is to give motion to the ship, boat,
barge, or other vessel, while floating, either at the head or stern of the
vessel, or at both of them at the same time; and the means which I
make use of produce this motion consists in an engine or machine
which I call a propellor, and the action of air blown or driven out from
pipes under the surface of the water in which the vessel floats, and in
a direction contrary to "that in which it is intended the vessel shall
move.
The propellor consists of a bar or shaft of wrought iron or any other
sufficient strong material, which must be proportioned to the size of
the vessel to which it is to be attached, and upon which are fixed
one, two, or more vanes or sails of plate iron, copper, or other materials,
with sufficient ribs or braces of iron or other material capable of
making them stiff, and capable of maintaining the form which may
be given to them. These vanes are placed in an angle of 45 degrees
to the plane of their motion, which lies at right angles or perpendi-
cular to the axis of the bar, so that when the bar is turned round upon
this axis it likewise moves the vanes in the manner of the fly of a
smoke jack; but the propellor differs from this, inasmuch as the
surface of the vanes must not extend to each other, but must have
spaces between them like the sails of a windmill to allow the free
escape of the water; and I find that 2 vanes, each extending to
about a quadrant of a circle, produce a greater effect than any other
number, though I reserve to myself the right of using a greater or less
number of them, as well of making them to shift on their pivots or
points of attachment, so as to alter the angle which they make with
the plane of their motion from forty-five degrees to any greater. or
less angle, according to the speed with which they are moved, or

page_text: the velocity which I wish to communicate to the vessel; and I retain
them in any angle in which they be set by one or more of the braces
or stays which pass from the side of the vane to the shaft or bar upon
which it is fixed. At the other end of this shaft or bar is an hooks or
universal joint, such as is well known to mechanists, by which it
communicates with a short turned or circular shaft having a shoulder
formed upon it so as to work in a water-tight manner through a
shifting box of the common and well-known form, which stuffing box
and shaft are made to pass through the end of the vessel, just above
its ordinary water line, and is there firmly affixed to it. To the inner
end of this short shaft another universal joint is attached, which com-
municates directly with the bar or shaft, to which a circular motion is
given by a steam engine, or the power of men or horses, or any of the
prime movers which are generally used for such purposes, and by which
it will be seen that a circular motion will also be given to the propellor
while laying in the water at the outside of the vessel. The propellor,
with its external shaft or bar, are kept at their proper depth in the
water, as well as in their right direction, by means of guy or guide
ropes, for which purpose the external is not all made of the same size,
but has a shoulder or fillet upon it at about one third of its length
from the vanes; and upon this a collar of metal is fixed to hold or
affix the guys too, a rope or tackle being fixed on each side of the same,
and proceeding to the larboard and starboard sides of the vessel, while the
third is fixed to a projecting beam in the nature of a bowsprit, or to the
bowsprit itself, if the vessel carries one, by which not only the depth of
the propellor is regulated in the water, but it may be raised quite out
of the water whenever required. By this arrangement, it appears that
he vessel may not only be moved backwards or forwards in the water,
according to the direction of the motion which is given to the propel-
or, but likewise that the vessel may be steered or assisted in steerage
by it. The other part of my contrivance consists in placing tubes or
ipes of iron or other material along the sides of the vessel, either
the inside or outside of the same, but underneath its water line
when it is not laden, which pipes terminate with open ends at or near
he stern of the vessel on the two opposite ends of the rudder, or pre-

page_text: ceed obliquely through the sides of the vessel, so as to point towards
the stern, or in both the manners just described; while the opposite
ends which are within the vessel communicate with an air vessel of
iron, copper, or other fit material, which is to be supplied with air (to be
blown out or discharged against the water) by means of air pumps,
blowing cylinders, or any of the accustomed methods of blowing used
for furnaces, forges, or other purposes, and which said blowing apparatus
is to be worked or wrought by the same steam engine or other power
which may be applied to, work or drive the propellor before described,
and at the same time or not, as may be most advantageous to then
situation of the vessel, since it will be evident that these contrivances
can both be thrown in action at the same time, when great speed is
required, or that they can be used separately and individually, as may
be most convenient.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Millington, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, the Thirty-first day of July, in the year
One thousand eight hundred and sixteen.
ceed obliquely through the sides of the vessel, so as to point towards
the stern, or in both the manners just described; while the opposite
ends which are within the vessel communicate with an air vessel of
iron, copper, or other fit material, which is to be supplied with air (to be
blown out or discharged against the water) by means of air pumps,
blowing cylinders, or any of the accustomed methods of blowing used
for furnaces, forges, or other purposes, and which said blowing apparatus
is to be worked or wrought by the same steam engine or other power
which may be applied to, work or drive the propellor before described,
and at the same time or not, as may be most advantageous to then
situation of the vessel, since it will be evident that these contrivances
can both be thrown in action at the same time, when great speed is
required, or that they can be used separately and individually, as may
be most convenient.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Millington, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Thirty-first day of July, in the
four Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixteen.
year
JOHN MILLINGTON. (L.S.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirty-first day of July,
in the year of our Lord 1816, the aforesaid John Millington came
before our said Lord the King, in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and
specified, in form above written; and also the Specification aforesaid
was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that