CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING MOULD CANDLES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING MOULD
CANDLES."-A communication.
Sealed the 16th March 1858, and dated the 3rd October 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd October 1857.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING
MOULD CANDLES," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to that class of candle-making machines wherein
pistons are employed to force the candles from the moulds. The first improve-
ment consists in making each piston in two parts with a joint of such construc-
tion, that a certain amount of longitudinal play is allowed between the upper
part which receives the tip of the candle, and the lower part to which the
force is applied to eject the candles from the moulds, so that when the force
is first applied the said lower parts to which it is applied may move a short
distance independently of the upper parts, which receive the tips of the

page_text: candles, and then strike the latter parts suddenly and with the effect of a
smart blow, which will start the candles better than a very heavy force steadily
applied.
The Invention also consists in the employment of clamps to lay hold of the
candles themselves when the latter have been forced from the moulds. These
clamps consist of two bars provided with semicircular openings to receive the
candles, and which bars are worked by means of suitable levers whereby they
are opened and closed when required. By this means greater facility is
afforded for the repetition of the pouring into the moulds than the ordinary
methods of clamping the wicks, or the employment of tip bars to support the
candles, besides the danger of breaking the candles or their tips being avoided,
which danger is incident to the methods usually adopted.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators,. and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING MOULD CANDLES,"
being a communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
These "Improvements in Machinery for Making Mould Candles" relate to
that class of candle-making machines wherein pistons are employed to force
the candles from the moulds. The first improvement consists in making each
piston in two parts, with a joint of such construction that a certain amount of
longitudinal play is allowed between the upper part which receives the tip of
the candle, and the lower part to which the force is applied to eject the
candles from the moulds, so that when the force is first applied the said lower
parts to which it is applied may move a short distance independently of the
upper parts which receive the tips of the candles, and then strike the latter
parts suddenly and with the effect of a smart blow, which will start the candles
better than a very heavy force steadily applied.
The Invention also consists in the employment of clamps to lay hold of the
candles themselves, while the latter are in the condition in which they have
been forced from the moulds, which affords greater facility for the repetition
of the pouring into the moulds than the ordinary methods of clamping the
wicks or the employment of tip bars to support the candles, besides avoiding
the danger of breaking the candles or their tips, which danger is incident to
the methods usually adopted.
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, in which Figures
1 and 2 are vertical sections at right angles to each other of a candle-making
machine constructed according to the present improvements. Fig. 3 is an
inverted plan of the clamps for holding the candles after their expulsion from
the moulds; similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the
several Figures.
A is, the framing of the machine, upon the top of which are placed troughs
or reservoirs C, C, for receiving such tallow or other material from which the
candles are made as may overflow the moulds or be spilled in the act of filling
the moulds. B, B, are the moulds, the upper ends or butts of which are
secured to the bottom of the trough C, and their lower ends or points in a
stationary board K, constituting part of the framing. D, D, are the pistons
secured at their bottoms in frames E, E, of which there may be any con-
venient number in the machines, though only two of them are represented,
and which are fitted to slide up and down in guides in the framing A. The
pistons D, D, are hollow, and have their tips a, a, formed to correspond with

page_text: the tips of the candles, and being each made in two parts m and n, of which
the upper parts n, n, on which the tips a, a, are formed, are fitted to the
moulds, and also fitted to slide up and down a short distance within the lower
parts m, m, which are secured firmly into the frames E, E. The upper parts
n, n, are also provided on opposite sides with lugs c, c, which project through
slots e, e, cut in the lower parts m, m, so that by means of these lugs and slots
a limited play is allowed between the upper and lower parts, but the upper
parts are prevented from being drawn out of the lower parts. G, G, are two
upright toothed racks secured one to each end of each frame E, by foot
pieces G', G', working through slots r, r, in the framing A, and gearing with
the pinions d and f at each end of the machine. The pinions & are stud
pinions, but those marked ƒ are secured to a horizontal shaft H, which
extends the whole length of the machine, and works in bearings in the end
uprights of the framing. The pinions d and fat each end of the machine are
geared together so that by turning the shaft H, by a crank I at one end of
the machine or by turning either of the pinions by a crank attached to it, all
the four pinions are set in motion, and the frames E, E, may be either raised
or lowered so as to move the pistons D, up through the moulds or draw them
down, the frames E being always retained in horizontal positions during that
operation. Pawles f¹ are applied to the pinions f, to prevent the frames E,
from descending until required. F, F, are clamps arranged in sets, two pairs
in a set, so that each set will take the candles from two rows of moulds. It
may be here remarked that as a matter of convenience each trough C is made
to contain but two rows of moulds, and each frame E, two rows of pistons
arranged to fit the moulds in one trough, and every two rows of moulds and
pistons have their own distinct set of clamps. Each pair of clamps consists of
two wooden boards of the whole length of the machine, and of a width nearly
equal to the length of the candles; the boards have grooves made in their
faces of a proper form to receive and clamp the candles firmly without crush-
ing them, and these faces should be lined with cotton or other cloth. The
clamps of each set are prevented from getting out of place relatively to each
other in a vertical direction by means of two bars e¹, e¹, passing transversely
through the whole of them, and these bars e¹, e¹, have their ends projecting so
that they may be received upon small standards g, g, on the top of the framing
A, and be thus supported over the moulds. Each pair of clamps has
interposed springs k, k, tending to force them open. Between and parallel
with the sides of the two pairs of clamps in the set are arranged two bars J, J,
binged together by two hinges h, h; and each of these bars, which has a cam-like
character, has jointed to it two rods i, i, which pass through the pair of clamps

page_text: from which the bar is most distant, and are furnished with nuts or collars j.j,
outside the clamps. Each bar J is furnished with a short lever K¹, at one
end of the clamps; when these levers K', K', are left perfectly free the
springs k, k, force open each pair of clamps as far as is permitted by the bars
J, J, and nuts or collars j, j, on the rods i, i, as is indicated in black outline
in Figures 1 and 3, the levers K', K', being then in an horizontal position,
but by drawing the two levers up together the cam-like form of the bars J, J,
causes the said bars to force apart the two inside boards of the set of clamps
towards the outside ones, and the rods i, i, are caused to draw towards each
other the two outside boards, as is illustrated in Fig. 1, where the positions of
all the parts are exhibited in red outline to correspond with the position of the
bars. This forcing apart of the two inside boards of the set and drawing
together the two outside boards, it is evident, closes both pairs of clamps in the
set, and by fastening both of the levers K', K¹, together by a clamp 1, the
clamps F, F, are secured in a closed condition. p, p, are the wrick bobbins,
one for each mould and piston arranged to turn freely on spindles q, q, near
the bottom of the machine.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-On commencing, the extremities
of the wicks s, s, are secured above the moulds in the ordinary way, and while
the piston frames E, E, are in such position that the pistons supported by the
said frames are at the bottom of the moulds, as shewn in Fig. 1, the moulds
are all filled by pouring the tallow into them in the usual way. The clamps
having been opened, the frames E, E, are slightly lowered by the pinions and
racks to allow the parts m, m, of the pistons to descend the length allowed by
the play of the lugs c, c, in the slots e, e, before bringing them up again
suddenly to start the pistons in the moulds, which is effected by the lugs
striking the upper ends of the slots with an effect like a tap or slight blow
with a hammer, which is what is required to start the candles. As the upward
movement of the frames E, E, and pistons D, D, is continued, the candles
are raised up above the moulds and pass between the clamps F, F, which,
when the candles still resting in the tips a, a, of the pistons are forced by the
pistons D, some distance out of the moulds, as shewn in Fig. 2 (where v, v,
are the candles,) are closed upon the candles by the aid of the levers K', K',
or by other means provided for the purpose, after which the pistons are drawn
down again to the bottoms of the moulds by turning the shaft H, which leaves
the candles in the clamps at such a distance above the troughs C, as not to
obstruct the next pouring. The clamps are allowed to remain in the machine
till the next pouring is ready to be forced up, when the wicks are cut by a
sliding or swinging knife, which cuts the whole at one sweep or stroke, or by

page_text: other means, and then the clamps containing the candles are removed, and
other clamps are put in their places ready to receive the last pouring of candles
when forced up from the moulds as above described.
Having now described the Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for
Making Mould Candles," and having explained the manner of carrying the
same into effect, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I
claim,―
First, making the pistons whereby the candles are forced out of the moulds
each in two parts united by a joint of such construction as to allow a certain
degree of longitudinal play between the one part which receives the tip of the
candle, and the other to which the force is applied to expel the candles from
the moulds, so that the last-named part may be brought up to or against the
first-named part suddenly with the effect of a blow to start the candle from
the mould, as herein described.
Second, I claim the employment of clamps so constructed and applied to
the machine as to seize the bodies of the candles themselves in the position in
which they are forced from the moulds, and thus hold them until they are
ready to be removed, the whole being arranged in such a manner as to afford
facility for pouring into or filling the moulds without any risk or danger of
breaking the candles or their tips, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Thirty-first day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)