IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS LAMPS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, THOMAS COOPER JOHN THOMAS, of 5 Carlton Road, Finsbury Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS LAMPS to be as follows :-
-
This invention has reference to gas lamps in which the burners are inverted and
the flames are projected downward and laterally.
In my specification No 10834 A.D. 1884 is described a construction of such
lamps wherein the burner is in the form of a tube closed at its lower end and
having lateral perforations for the issue of gas there being around the burner a
curtain or deflector extending downward somewhat below the lateral holes of the
burner in such a manner that the gas jets issuing therefrom are caused to take a
downward direction. Around the gas supply pipe is a pipe or casing closed at its
top and furnished with a gauze or perforated diaphragm or diaphragms. This
constitutes a chamber through which air to support combustion is caused to pass,
and wherein the temperature of such air is raised as it flows toward the burner.
Air is admitted to the said air heating chamber by inlets near the upper part
thereof. The air heating chamber is surrounded by a chimney that extends above
it, the arrangement being such as to leave an annular passage between the exterior
of the air heating chamber and the interior of the chimney, for the escape of
products of combustion. Below the burner is a bowl or glazed chamber the upper
portion of which is closed by a top or cover whose under surface forms a reflector.
Now my present invention has reference to lamps of this kind, and comprises
several improvements I will proceed to explain. In lieu of or in conjunction with
a gauze diaphragm or diaphragms I provide in the air heating chamber between
its wall and the gas supply pipe a series of concentric pipes or annular divisions to
aid in heating air on its way to the burner. These pipes or divisions or some of
them are at their lower ends curved outward or provided with trumpet mouths or
equivalent enlargements to deflect and guide the heated air. The burner is
equivalently formed as is also its surrounding curtain. The chimney is made to
surround only the upper portion of the wall of the air chamber, and the top or
cover of the bowl or chamber is of conical or equivalent form and is arranged to
surround the lower portion of the air heating chamber; The outer surface of the
air heating chamber is surrounded by a tubular cover or casing of porcelain that
serves as a reflector.

page_text: Around and above the exterior of the conical or equivalently formed cover of
the bowl I provide an additional air heating chamber or chambers. Immediately
below the inverted burner I provide an additional air inlet, the supply of air to
which may advantageously be taken from the additional air heating chamber or
chambers last above referred to. For this purpose in one arrangement bent pipes
lead from the said air heating chamber or chambers to an air pipe situate below
the burner. This pipe is provided with means such as a rose, or concentric guides
resembling trumpet mouths for subdividing and guiding the air as it flows into the
combustion chamber. The air supply pipes can be utilized as means for securing
and holding the transparent or translucent bowl or its equivalent in place as
follows: Around the top or cover is a soft or elastic seat to receive the edge of
the bowl, so as to make an air tight joint. In the centre of the bottom of the
bowl is a hole through which the lower part of the central air supply pipe or
a corresponding projection extends. This pipe or projection is formed around its
exterior with a screw thread to receive a correspondingly threaded flanged tube
serving as a nut-The periphery of the flange is milled. Between it and the bowl
an elastic ring or packing is interposed. When the parts are in their respective
places as above mentioned, by turning the flanged screwed tube or nut the rim or
upper annular edge of the bowl is pressed against its seating and the elastic ring or
packing around the central hole in the bowl is compressed between the bowl and
the tube flange or nut so as to form an air tight joint at this point. To enable a
light to be applied to ignite gas issuing from the burner without removal of the
bowl I provide at the lower end of the central air supply pipe a removable stopper
or closure secured in place by a bayonet joint or equivalent means.
As will be evident the details of construction may be variously modified without
departure from the characteristic features of the several improvements above
described or referred to,

page_text: I, THOMAS COOPER JOHN THOMAS, of 5 Carlton Road, Finsbury Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of said invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS LAMPS and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
This invention has reference to gas lamps in which the burners are inverted and
the flames are projected downward and laterally.
In my specification N° 10834 A D. 1884 is described a construction of such
lamps wherein the burner is in the form of a tube closed at its lower end and
having lateral perforations for the issue of gas there being around the burner a
curtain or deflector extending downward somewhat below the lateral holes of the
burner in such a manner that the gas jets issuing therefrom are caused to take a
downward direction. Around the gas supply pipe is a pipe or casing closed at its
top and furnished with a gauze or perforated diaphragm or diaphragms. This
constitutes a chamber through which air to support combustion is caused to pass,
and wherein the temperature of such air is raised as it flows towards the burner.
Air is admitted to the said air heating chamber by inlets near the upper part
thereof. The air heating chamber is surrounded by a chimney that extends above
it, the arrangement being such as to leave an annular passage between the exterior
of the air heating chamber and the interior of the chimney for the escape of
products of combustion. Below the burner is a bowl or glazed chamber the upper
portion of which is closed by a top or cover whose under surface forms a reflector.
Now my present invention has reference to lamps of this kind, and comprises
several improvements I will proceed to explain. In lieu of or in conjunction with
a gauze diaphragm or diaphragms I provide in the air heating chamber between
its wall and the gas supply pipe a series of concentric pipes or annular divisions to
aid in heating air on its way to the burner. These pipes or divisions or some of
them are at their lower ends curved outward or provided with trumpet mouths or
equivalent enlargements to deflect and guide the heated air. The burner is
equivalently formed as is also its surrounding curtain. The chimney is made to
surround only the upper portion of the wall of the air chamber, and the top or
cover of the bowl or chamber is of conical or equivalent form and is arranged to
surround the lower portion of the air heating chamber. The outer surface of the
air heating chamber is surrounded by a tubular cover or casing of porcelain that
serves as a reflector.
Around and above the exterior of the conical or equivalently formed cover of
the bowl I provide an additional air heating chamber or chambers. Immediately

page_text: below the inverted burner I provide an additional air inlet, the supply of air to
which may advantageously be taken from the additional air heating chamber or
chambers last above referred to. For this purpose in one arrangement bent pipes
lead from the said air heating chamber or chambers to an air pipe situate below
the burner. This pipe is provided with means such as a rose, or concentric guides
resembling trumpet mouths, for subdividing and guiding the air as it flows into
the combustion chamber. The air supply pipes can be utilized as
means for
securing and holding the transparent or translucent bowl or its equivalent in place
as follows:-
Around the top or cover is a soft or elastic seat to receive the edge of the bowl
so as to make an air tight joint. In the centre of the bottom of the bowl is a hole
through which the lower part of the central air supply pipe or a corresponding
projection extends. This pipe or projection is formed around its exterior with a
screw thread to receive a correspondinly threaded flanged tube serving as a nut.
The periphery of the flange is milled. Between it and the bowl an elastic ring or
packing is interposed When the parts are in their respective places as above
mentioned by turning the flanged screwed tube or nut the rim or upper annular
edge of the bowl is pressed against its seating and the elastic ring or packing
around the central hole in the bowl is compressed between the bowl and the tube
flange or nut so as to form an air tight joint at this point. To enable a light to be
applied to ignite gas issuing from the burner without removal of the bowl I provide
at the lower end of the central air supply pipe a removable stopper or closure
secured in place by a bayonet joint or equivalent means.
As will be evident the details of construction may be variously modified without
departure from the characteristic features of the several improvements above
described or referred to.
In the accompanying two sheets of illustrative drawings Fig 1 is a vertical
section of a lamp according to my present invention and Fig 2 is a sectional plan
or top view of the same taken on the lines x, x and y, y in Fig 1. The
remaining figures are hereinafter referred to.
a is a burner of curved or trumpet mouth form closed at its lower end
and a, a' are openings therein for the issue of gas. b is a gas supply pipe into
which the burner is secured. c is a curtain or deflector surrounding the openings a¹
and of a shape corresponding to the curved exterior of the burner. The curved or
trumpet mouth portions of the burner and its curtain or deflector serve to deflect
and guide the issuing gas so that the flame resulting from its combustion assumes
a similar form. d is an air heating chamber provided with a series of concentric
pipes or annular divisions d' to aid in distributing and heating air on its way
to the burner a.
The lower ends of these pipes or divisions d' are of trumpet mouth form to
deflect and guide the heated air to aid in forming a trumpet mouth flame. e, e are
air inlets to the air heating chamber d. f is a chimney surrounding only the upper
portion of the air heating chamber d. g is a bowl or chamber of transparent or
translucent material serving as a combustion chamber and h is a top or cover
therefor of conical form. This top or cover surrounds the lower portion of the air
heating chamber d as shown.
The inner surface of the top or cover h is made to form a reflector. h¹ is a
tubular cover or casing on the exterior of the chamber d to serve as another
reflector. * is an additional air heating chamber formed by the exterior of the
top or cover of the bowl g or by the plate k (as shewn) and the lamp case k.
1, are bent tubes connected as shown and provided at their junction with an
exit branch or pipe serving as an additional air inlet imniediately below the
burner a.
The upper open ends of the tubes are in communication with the
chamber d so that heated air may pass through the exit pipe to the under.
surface of a flame at the burner a. Air is admitted to the chamber d*

page_text: .
g
through openings in the lamp case k. The air supply to the air. heating
chamber d may also be conveniently be obtained from the chamber d* as
shown whilst a further supply of air to the bowl or chamber
chamber d✶ takes place through holes. 1 in the plate k¹ and holes h¹ in the top
from the
or cover as indicated. * is a curved rose piece or guide fitted in the end of the
pipe for the purpose of subdividing and guiding the air therefrom. Figs 3, 4, 5
and 6 represent in vertical sections modified: forms of air guides that may be
employed in lieu of the rose 1*. Fig 3.represents a guide in the form of a trun-
cated cone opened at its ends and provided with lateral holes. Fig 4 is a guide in
the form of a truncated cone open only at the ends. Fig 5 represents a guide of
conical or bell mouthed form with its upper end fitted with a gauze or perforated disc
whilst Fig 6 represents an air guide in the form of two concentric trumpet mo u hed
tubes. The effect of the currents of air from d, and h¹ is to aid in imparting a
trumpet mouth form as indicated in dotted lines to a gas flame at the burner a the
products of combustion and heated air escaping upward through the chimney f
m is a screw threaded tubular extension of the pipes for carrying the bowl or
chamber 9, and g' is a hole in the bottoin of that bowl or chamber through which
the extension may pass as shown. n is a screw threaded flanged tube serving as a
nut to the extension m. The flange n of the tube or nut n is provided with an
elastic ring or packing o which when the bowl or chamber g is in position as shewn
is situate between the flange and the bowl. The periphery of the flange n¹ is
milled p is a soft or elastic seat around the under surface of the top or cover h,
against it the edge of the bowl or chamber g can make an air tight joint when the
bowl or chamber is secured in the position shown by the nut n. q, is a removable
stopper or closure secured within the tubular extension m by screwing as shown or
by a bayonet joint or equivalent means.
be applied through the extension m and pipe to ignite gas issuing from tho
By removing the stopper q a light may
burner a without removing the bowl g.
Figs 7 and 8 illustrate in vertical section and sectional plan or top view
respectively a form of lamp wherein the concentric tubes or annular divisions </¹
in the air heating chamber d are of cylindrical form throughout their length. In
other respects this lamp resembles that shown and described in the specification
hereinbefore mentioned No 10,834 A.D. 1884 and is similarly lettered.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is-In gas lamps of the kind hereinabove referred to
1. The improvement in the burner which consists in making the burner proper a
and its surrounding curtain guide or deflector c (or one of them) of a form
resembling a trumpet mouth, that is to say, gradually increasing in diameter
owards the end of the burner or the annular orifice at which the gas escapes from
between the burner proper a and the said curtain guide or deflector c substantially
s hereinbefore described.
2. Providing in the air heating chamber d concentric pipes or annular divisions d¹
ubstantially as described whether such pipes or divisions (or some of them) be
nade with outwardly curved or trumpet mouthed lower ends or not.
3. Providing immediately below the inverted burner an air inlet (or inlets) the
rrangement and operation being substantially such as herein before described with
eference to Figs 1 and 2 of the drawings.
4. The use, as a support or holder for the lamp bowl or combustion chamber, of
he pipe or pipes whereby air is conducted to the inlet (or inlets) below the
verted burner substantially as described.
5. The arrangement substantially as described whereby access to the burner for
niting the gas is afforded through the pipe that can be closed by means of a
emovable stopper or closure such as q substantially as described.

page_text: 6. The hereinabove described relative arrangement of the air heating chamber a,
chimney f, and cover h of the bowl or combustion chamber g, whereby the lower
portion of the exterior of the said air heating chamber is made to serve as a
reflector as set forth.
7. I also claim the improved gas lamp constructed arranged and operating as
shewn in and described with reference to Figs 1 and 2 of the drawings.
Dated this 29th day of May 1885.
T. C. J. THOMAS.
W. Lloyd Wise,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Applicant's Agent.