matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY TOPS OR COWLS
Year: 1857

page_text: of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1857.
I, JAMES SAUL HENDY, of Essex Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Butler to the Honorable Society of the Inner Temple, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY TOPS OR COWLS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to revolving chimney tops or cowls, which are kept
in proper position by the action of the wind on a vane; and consists in
placing a fan or set of leaves on a horizontal spindle in the upper part of
the cowl. This fan is placed across the centre. It is protected or shielded
from the wind at the upper part on that side against which the wind blows,
that is to say, from its axle upwards it is shielded from the action of the
wind. The lower part of the fan is exposed to the wind, for which there
is a passage through the cowl. The one half of the area of the cowl or
moving part is covered in on the side where the wind enters, the other half
being open for the smoke to pass upwards from the chimney.
The motion of the fan, induced by the action of the wind, causes an ascend-
ing current over the open half of the chimney, while the downward current
produced by the fan on the other side of its axis is prevented descending the
chimney by the covering before mentioned, and is carried through by the

page_text: force of the wind acting on the fan. The fan, is suitably covered above and
protected at the sides of the, cowl, while free.egress is maintained at the
escape side of the cowl for. the free. passage of the wind and escape of the
smoke from the chimney. This cowl' is also, adapted for producing ventilation,
by causing an upward current in the chimney even without the presence of
heat.
My Invention also relates to the application of glass tubes, as sockets or
bearings for the parts of cowls which are moveable or have rotary motion
either by means of. the wind acting on the vane or induced by the ascending
current in the chimney. I also make the spindles or pivots of these moveable
parts of glass. The pivots or bearing surfaces so made are not subject to
rust, and therefore not liable to get out of order or be impeded in their
working.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CLEANING AND CRUSHING GRAIN
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July 1857.-
A communication from Messrs. Ouin and Duguó.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 77, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR CLEANING AND CRUSHING GRAIN," communicated to mo by Messrs.
Ouin and Dugué, foreigners residing abroad, to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of a machine in which the grain has first its germ
and husk broken by the action of a feed roller, and is thence brought on to a
series of sieves or riddles, to which an alternating or to-and-fro motion is
communicated, by which it is separated from foreign matters and impurities,
and also from the husk and germ, and is finally conducted to crushing rollers,
which reduce it to grit or meal. A winnowing contrivance or fan may bo
added to facilitate the separation of the germ. In a machine of this description
it is convenient to bring the grain down a shoot, at the bottom of which is a
feed roller, which breaks the germ and husk, which pass with the grain on to
an inclined alternating sieve, along the top of which the stones and impurities
fall, the grain and germ passing through to the next sieve or sieves, through
which the germ drops, while the grain passes along the top to the crushing
rollers.

page_text: Feed plates, worked by regulating screws, may be added to regulate or
intercept the passage of the grain to the rollers, and the requisite motion may
be imparted to the rollers and sieves in any suitable manner, as, for example,
by communicating it first to the crushing rollers and thence to a shaft which
rotates the first crushing roller and imparts, by a crank or suitable connection,
the necessary motion to the frame; or this may be effected in any other con-
venient manner. (I do not confine myself to any number of sieves.)
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BUCKETS AND VALVE SEATS FOR BILGE AND OTHER PUMPS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Horace Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1857.
I, JOHN HORACE TAYLOR, of New York, in the United States of America,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BUCKETS AND VALVE SEATS FOR BILGE AND OTHER PUMPS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in providing an incorrodible seat to a spherical valve
in buckets for bilge and other pumps, which seat, as well as being incorrodible,
is so formed as to prevent the lodging thereon of any substance which may be
brought up through it. I form my valve seat either of vulcanite or of hardened
rubber, or of gutta percha, or of gutta percha faced with vulcanized rubber,
and with a knife or sharp edge for the spherical valve or ball to rest upon.
This ball may be of any other substance than metal.
My Invention also consists in forming grooves round the outside of the
bracket, and filling or packing these grooves with vulcanized rubber.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF FABRIC, APPLICABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER, PRUNELLA, EMBROIDERED AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL FABRICS AND STUFFs
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Goodyear at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1857.
I, CHARLES GOODYEAR, of Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF FABRIC, APPLICABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR
LEATHER, PRUNELLA, EMBROIDERED AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL FABRICS AND STUFFs,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the covering of cloth or canvas, to which
india-rubber and its compounds have been applied, with flock made from wool,
silk, eider down, leather dust, &c.
When woollen flock is used the cloth is covered according to a process
patented by James Wansbrough, but this process is not suited to the other
applications. In applying silk, eider down, &c., these substances are dusted on,
as in the case of the wool. The goods are then allowed to pass a sufficient
distance, or to stand until the cement has begun to harden; they are then
passed through callendering rollers covered with an elastic surface (vulcanized
rubber being preferred), from which they will receive an elastic pressure, and
thus, the cement being still in a tacky state, the hold of the silk, leather dust,
cider down, &c. on the fabric will be secured. The fabrics thus produced are
when required to be used for boots, shoes, and ordinary wearing apparel, then
so finely pierced as to render them pervious to air, while they are impervious
to water; and they are afterwards vulcanized, or they may be vulcanized

page_text: previously to the piercing. The goods are then dyed to give them color and
also remove all odor of sulphur therefrom.
For ornamenting these fabrics, they are embossed in the ordinary manner of
embossing velvets, &c., and they may be further enriched by printing cement
upon them by stencil plates or other suitable means, and then applying another
color of flock to the fabric. A rich effect will thus be obtained at small cost,
and the goods so treated will be found particularly applicable for hangings,
table cloths, slippers, &c.
In applying the Invention to produce fabrics for slippers and shoes, I'
propose to use chicfly as the base of the fabric of the uppers a pile fabric, having
woollen loops with a cotton or linen base, whereby the necessity for lining
the shoe is removed, and warmth, comfort, and finish are economically secured.
AN IMPROVED CRUPPER
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Albert Lejeune at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
September 1857.-A communication from Joseph Jules Brunessaux, of
Paris.
I, EMILE ALBERT LEJEUNE, of the firm of Lejeune and Brunessaux, of
Paris, France, and now of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
CRUPPER," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in the employment of vulcanized caoutchouc for the
manufacture of horses' cruppers in substitution of leather. This object is
effected by means of suitable moulds, in which the caoutchouc in sheets of the
form of the crupper required are introduced with the sulphur for vulcanizing,
and the mould is then immersed in a bath of molten sulphur or in a vapor
bath. By this means a hollow crupper of the required form, containing air, is
obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING BOLTS, RIVETS, NUTS, AND OTHER. SIMILAR FORGINGS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Marrow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1857.
I, JAMES MARROW, of Sheerness, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING BOLTS, RIVETS, NUTS, AND OTHER.
SIMILAR FORGINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of a machine or apparatus for
manufacturing bolts, rivets, nuts, and other forgings in the following manner :-
Each of a set of three (or more or less) hammers is pivoted or centred near
one end of it to an upright framework or other suitable support, and between
that end and the hammer head is attached to the hammer a spring of
vulcanized india-rubber, or other suitable substance, which extends upwards,
and is fixed to the framework or other support at some distance above the
hammer. Between the pivoted end of the hammer and the hammer head is
also attached the end of a connecting rod, which extends downwards, and is
connected below to one end of a lever, the other end of which is capable of
being brought into contact with a tappet wheel fixed on a rotating shaft, or
with any other suitable revolving contrivance adapted to communicate motion
suddenly to the said lever at intervals. An anvil furnished with a number of
holes corresponding to the number of hammers is provided, and into these
holes are placed swages, dies, or tools, which are the counterparts of others,

page_text: so fitted into the hammers as to come down upon the former when the
machine or apparatus is at work. A foot plate and a system of levers are
connected with each hammer, and arranged so that the workman using the
machine or apparatus is able to bring the tappet lever of either of the
hammers down within the range of the tappet wheel to be put in operation
thereby. When the machine or apparatus is not in use all the hammers are
kept elevated by the springs; but when it is desired to work any one of the
hammers, the foot of the workman is placed upon the corresponding foot
plate, the tappet lever is thus brought down, the tappet wheel sets it in
motion, and its motion is by means of the connecting rod communicated to
the hammer, and the forging may be proceeded with until the foot of the
workman is removed from the foot plate. Either of the remaining hammers
may be similarly brought into operation. The machine is also furnished with
cutters with gauges for determining the length of-the-forged articles, and pins
for ejecting them from the dies or tools, and with dies or punches for shaping
and punching nuts, &c., the latter being also put in operation by means of
foot plates and levers. The anvils have additional holes formed in them for
holding tools and gauges of various kinds. My machine is completely under
the control of the workman, and may bo worked for any period 'without the
use of his hands, which are left wholly free to manipulate the articles to be
made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING SPINDLES OF LOCKS AND LATCHES WITH THEIR KNOBS AND HANDLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Ager at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1857.
I, NATHAN AGER, of Upper Ebury Street, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING SPINDLES OF LOCKS AND LATCHES WITH THEIR
KNOBS AND HANDLES," to be as follows:-.
The object of this Invention is to connect the spindles of doors or drawers'
locks with their knobs or handles, in a more simple and convenient manner,
at the same time facilitating the adjustment of the length of spindles to the
varying thickness of the doors, drawers, or similar articles on which locks are:
fastened.
And this Invention relates to improvements on the Invention, for which
Letters Patent were granted to me, bearing date the Fourth day of February,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, and numbered 304 in the Patent
Office.
These improvements consist in so arranging the spindle as to be formed
square or other convenient form, and with a screw thread cut on its angles, as
hitherto used for this purpose. The knobs or handles are made with hollow
stems, the interior of which is of a corresponding angular section with the
spindle, so that the end of the spindle may pass into the stem of the said
knobs or handles, but not turn therein. One of the knobs or handles is

page_text: secured or fastened to one end of the spindle in the ordinary method, and
which may be called the "fast knob," in order to attach the other knob or
handle to the other end of the said spindle, and so that the same may be
adjusted as to its distance from the "fast knob," according to the thickness of
the lock or door. I form a cylindrical screw nut with a flanch at one end,
and which is capable of being screwed freely on the spindle. On the stem of
the knob or handle I form a screw or thread outside, and on which I place a
collar or hoop, which is screwed inside to fit the said stem, and is made with
a flanch or plate from the thread towards the centre, and which is capable of
being passed over the said cylindrical screw nut, but not to pass the flanch of
the said nut; and when the knob is placed on the spindle, after the distance
has been adjusted by: the screw nut, the collar or hoop is passed over the nut
and screwed on the stem of the knob, and thus binds the cylindrical screw nut
and the knob or handle together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANIMAL TRAPS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Stettinius Clark
and Benjamin Moore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd June 1857.
We, WILLIAM STETTINIUS CLARK and BENJAMIN MOORE, of the American
Patent Agency, No. 133, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANIMAL
TRAPS," to be as follows:-
A represents a square or other shaped box; B, a shaft, at each end of
which is a journal, by which it is swung from end to end of said box. This
shaft is provided with four or more wings F, set at right angles to each other,
upon which the animal treads and approaches the pins c, c, c, c, projecting
from a cross head k, behind which is a hook D, upon which the meat or other
eatible is placed. The animal approaching the said eatible strikes the pro-
jecting pins c, and trips the block E, thus relieving one of the revolving wings
F from behind the stop H, and in its revolution carrying the animal with it to
the bottom of the box A. A slap spring I is secured to the top framing of
box A, for the purpose of preventing the fan revolving in a wrong direction,
and acting as a stop against the leaves F.
Having fully described our Invention, what we claim as new is, providing
any form of box with a shaft swung from end to end of the said box, said

page_text: shaft being provided with wings (as a tread for the animal), and the arrange-
ment of projecting pins c secured in a cross head k, in combination with a
stop H, which, when triped, causes the fans or treads E to revolve, carrying
with them the animal in its revolution, as herein set forth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: www
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by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Clarke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June
1857.
I, HENRY CLARKE, of Horncastle, in the County of Lincoln, Clerk, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROTARY ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The annexed Drawing represents at Fig..1 a lateral section, and Fig. 2 a
transverse section, of a rotary engine constructed according to my Invention.
a, a, is the cylinder or steam chamber, which rotates on a fixed shaft or
centre b; b is an arm cast in the same piece with the axis b, which arm fills.
the steam chamber A from side to side, and is rendered tight by suitable
packings. This arm & forms an abutment for the steam. c, c, are two plates
or diaphragms, on which the steam acts to impel the engine; these are jointed.
at d, d, and on passing the abutment 6' they alternately fall into the recesses
e, e, formed in the periphery for their reception. f is the inlet passage of the
steam, and g the outlet; h is an inclined plane, to act on the free end of the
diaphragms c to raise them from contact with the axis 6 as they approach b';
k is a toothed wheel, fixed on the boss of the cylinder, by which the power
may be communicated. The sides 1, 1, of the steam chamber being inclined_

page_text: to each other, the diaphragms c, c, are freely moved as required when not
acted on by the steam, and are thereby easily made steam-tight. They may
be caused to move as required for the working of the engine by their own
weight only, or may be assisted by a spring or springs..
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING POWER WHEN STEAM, GAS, OR AIR IS USED
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernst Luedeke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd January 1857.
I, ERNST LUEDEKE, of Raglan Terrace, Robin Hood Street, Nottingham.
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
POWER WHEN STEAM, GAS, OR AIR IS USED," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in obtaining power when
steam, gas, or air is used, and the Invention consists in the use of apparatus
for regulating the supply of steam, gas, or air to an engine in order to obtain
more uniform effect or power than heretofore. For these purposes, the steam
(in passing from a steam boiler or generator), or the gas (obtained in a suitable
vessel from zinc, acid, and water, and other materials, as is well understood,) or
air (in passing from a generator) enters the regulating apparatus, and then
enters and works the engine, which may be a rotatory or reciprocating engine.
The regulating apparatus is composed of a vessel or enlargement of the steam,
gas, or air supply pipe, in which it acts on a piston in a suitable cylinder.
The piston rod is at all times pressed on with a tendency to cause it to
descend. The piston rod is by suitable apparatus put in communication with
a throttle or other valve in the steam, gas, or air supply pipe, so that when the
pressure of the steam, gas, or air increases, it will, by acting on the piston
above mentioned, also act to move the throttle or other valve, and it may also
be arranged to act on the damper of the flue of the steam boiler. By thus

page_text: acting on the throttle or other valve in the steam, gas, or air supply pipe, the
extent of the passage or opening leading to the engine will be reduced when
the pressure and supply increase, and thus will the flow of steam, gas, or air
to the engine be regulated by its own pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, CHIEFLY ADAPTED FOR THE PURPOSES OF COMMON ROAD OR STREET TRACTION AND THE WORKING OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Titus Robottom at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th February
1857.
I, TITUS ROBOTTOM, of Atherstone, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, CHIEFLY ADAPTED FOR THE PURPOSES OF COMMON ROAD OR
STREET TRACTION AND THE WORKING OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS," to be as
follows:-
On the top of the boiler I fix hollow columns and pipes, supporting a tube
or tubes, which act as a steam chamber; I am by this arrangement enabled to
ascend inclines with an ordinary locomotive boiler, as the level of water in the
boiler is never materially diminished, at least not so much so as to admit of
injury to the tubes or fire box; I also gain thereby greater amount of heating
surface. At the back of the engine I employ two drums, upon which wire
rope or chain is coiled; these drums are mounted separately on independent
axles, and consequently work independently of each other, and to the bottom
of my boiler I secure two guide pullies or rollers, acting as guides for the
wire rope or chain on to or off the said drums. I can work two distinct
machines at one and the same time, one on either side the engine, and I can
employ two speeds by using change wheels on the axle of the driving wheels.
Another advantage in using two speeds is the great facility it affords for

page_text: increasing the power of the engine when about to ascend inclines, and for
turning the locomotive in travelling, also in gearing the driving wheels. To
carry out these views I construct my locomotive with double parts, that is to
say, I employ the mechanical appliances of two engines on one boiler and
steam chest, coupling these two engines at will or using them independently.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STRUCTURES FOR GROWING GRAPES AND OTHER FRUIT
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Newington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1857.
I, SAMUEL NEWINGTON, of Ridgway, Ticehurst, in the County of Sussex,
M.D., do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STRUCTURES FOR GROWING GRAPES AND OTHER FRUIT," to be as follows:-
For these purposes a straight furrow is dug in the earth about one foot
below the surface, throwing up the earth that comes out of the furrow on
to the sides, so as to cause the furrow to be altogether about 18 inches deep
in the centre. The furrow is formed with inclined sides, and about 9 inches
wide at the bottom, and 3 feet wide at the surface. The bottom is paved
with tilo or some porous material, the sides with slate, tile, brick, or any
suitable substance. In order to cover over these furrows I employ a roof,
the ridge of which is formed of iron, having by preference inclines on both
sides moulded with grooves for fitting in sheets of glass. To prevent the
ridge being moved, posts are placed at proper distances, and on them the
ridge is fixed. The eaves of the roof are formed in the same way as the ridge.
of the roof. If sheets of glass or slates are required to be fixed in an upright
position under the eaves, the strips are suitably formed to receive them. The
glass is fixed into the grooves with soft putty, felt, or any suitable material,
or the glass may be loose, as is required when the structure is intended to

page_text: be moveable. If I wish to make a wide roof, I stretch strips of iron between
the ridge strip and the caves strip, and thus widen the roof indefinitely.
Again, if I require moveable ridge roofs to be placed when required over the
furrow, I make them of iron strips, as before, either of cast or wrought iron,
or any suitable material. These strips of iron are fixed to angular ends, either
by grooving, slotting, screwing, or dovetailing, so that the whole may be put
together or taken to pieces in a short time, and packed up with the looso
glass till the season returns for using the roof again. The angular ends are
formed with legs, which by pushing into the earth regulate the ventilation.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Messenger and Theödore
Fletcher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th April 1857.
We, SAMUEL MESSENGER, of the firm of Messenger and Sons, Chandelier
and General Gas-fitting Manufacturers, of Broad Street, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, and Hatton Garden, London, in the County of Middlesex,
and THEODORE FLETCHER, also of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Superintendant of Works at the Birmingham Establishment of the aforesaid
Mess Messenger and Sons, do hereby declare the nature of our said Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," to bo as follows (that is
to say):-
The object of our Invention is to so divide the flame or jets of gas that it shall
issue from the burners in very thin films, which may be so formed around the
burner as to present the forms of leaves, curving outward and upward in such
a way that they shall correspond with the globular shape of the glasses for
which they are particularly applicable.
And the manner in which we effect this is by taking a disc of suitable
metal, varying in size according to requirements, and which disc we pierce
with two or more slots, varying in length and breadth according to the amount
of light required, and which slots may be straight or curved, but pierced con-
centric with the outer edge. These discs, so pierced, we raise into a more or

page_text: less convex form; the inclination of the pierce holes is by this means thrown
outward for the purpose of spreading the flame: The discs, so formed, we
apply to the regular common iron bodies or tips, tapped at the bottom end, or
otherwise fitted for attaching them to the gas ways.
This mode of manufacturing gas burners is capable of great diversification;
as, for instance, the top of the burner may be large enough to apply a series of
slots around it, so as to cause the gas to assume the shape and thickness of
leaves, the whole curving outward at the bottom by the inclination of the slots,
and inward at the top by the contracting tendency of the air, which will give
to the light or flamo a spherical or globular shape. Nor do wo intend
entirely to confine ourselves to what may be called globe or jet burners, as the
same principle may be made applicable to the kind known as the argand and
crutch, so as to have the benefit of conducting a current of air up through the
centre of the flames or burners.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING APARTMENTS AND PASSAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stevenson, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May
1857.
I, JAMES STEVENSON, junior, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING APARTMENTS AND PASSAGES," to be as follows, that.
is to say:-
This Invention relates to the application and use, under various forms and
arrangements, of polished tile or porcelain surfaces for conveying or trans-
mitting external daylight into dark or badly lighted apartments and passages.
White porcelain tiles, such as are used for lining baths and for other purposes,
are very suitable for this purpose; and in lighting an underground or partially
underground apartment the inside of the window recess is lined with such
tiles; such a lining will transmit a large amount of external light into the
apartment, even if it is vertical, but if set at an angle the tiled surface will
light the apartment perfectly. The porcelain tiles may be disposed in frames
as well, and they may be so arranged as to transmit light from considerable
distances, and by circuitous routes, by reflecting from one series to another.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES FOR DOOR LOCKS, LATCHES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Adams Alderton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
May 1857.
I, WILLIAM ADAMS ALDERTON, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex,
Cabinet Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES FOR DOOR LOCKS, LATCHES, AND OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
spindles, whereby the attachment of the knobs or handles thereto is rendered
more secure, and the use of the small lateral set screws, which are usually
passed through the shank of the knob, is obviated. According to this Inven-
tion the two ends of the spindle have a screw thread made upon them, the
central portion thereof being square or poligonal in section. The knobs are
screwed on to the ends of the spindle, and are locked thereon, in order to hold
them secure and prevent them from being accidentally unscrewed by means of
a collar and washer of a peculiar construction. The collar which is first put
on to the spindle has a square hole in it, fitting the square portion of the
spindle, and carries a projection or stud on its outer face, fitting into a corre-
sponding slot in the washer, which is next placed in the spindle.
This washer has also an enlarged opening in it, which is square at one end

page_text: to fit over a corresponding square boss on the inner face of the knob, whilst
the other end of the opening is round or is expanded sufficiently to admit of
the square boss turning round therein freely. The collar and washer having
been properly placed upon the spindle, that is, with the stud of the collar
inserted into the corresponding narrow slot in the washer, the knob is screwed
on until it is close up to the washer, which latter must be held in such a
manner as to present the rounded part of its opening to the square boss on
the knob, for the purpose of allowing the knob to be screwed close up to the
washer; whereupon the washer is depressed, so as to slide the square portion of
the opening over the square boss of the knob, and thus effectually lock it upon
the spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS OR WIND GUARDS FOR CHIMNEYS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Mortimer Butler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th October 1857.
I, FREDERICK MORTIMER BUTLER, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS OR WIND GUARDS FOR CHIMNEYS AND
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
On the top of the flue or space to be ventilated I place a pipe or trunk, and
have an annular base flange around the outside of said pipe or trunk a short
distance below the top of the same, and on this annular base flange I place
vertical radial guards (say, six in number), extending rather more above than
below the top of the pipe or trunk, and the inner and upper ends of these
vertical radial guards sustain a disk that is above the upper end of the pipe or
trunk. An outer guard surrounds the said vertical radial guards, and its lower
edge is on the line of the top of the pipe or trunk; and the upper end of said
outer guard is contracted so as to have an opening of the same size as the
vertical pipe or trunk; the size of the outer guard is such that there is a
space of twice the area around the upper end of the said pipe or trunk as the
area of said pipe or trunk itself, so that there is always ample space for the
escape of gases as well as for the escape of any wind that may blow into the
ventilator, and no wind can blow down the ventilating pipe or trunk.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Marie Letestu at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
1857.
I, JEAN MARIE LETESTU, Mechanician, of Paris, in the French Empire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates principally to danger signals for warning ships of
their approach to rocks or sand banks, or other dangerous places; but it is
also applicable in other cases. I employ bells or gongs, or other instruments
capable of producing a loud noise, and I cause these instruments to be sounded
by natural means instead of being sounded by hand, as has ordinarily been the
case when such instruments have been used. Thus, I apply a windmill or a
watermill, or a float moved by the waves, for sounding such instruments, or I
cause the wind to act directly on a whistle or trumpet, or similar instrument.
When the bell or other instrument is sounded by the wind or by the motion
of the waves, the more stormy the weather the more violently will the instru-
ment be sounded. I also place these self-acting signals on the masts or other
convenient parts of ships, so that they may warn each other of their approach
at night or in thick weather, and thus avoid collisions. I also place such
self-acting signals on, buoys or rafts carrying floats, or other apparatus for
saving life, or connected with the shore by a rope, which may be slackened
or tightened when required so as to assist shipwrecked persons in gaining
the shore. The signal thus serves both to point out danger and the means of
safety.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR MARINE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pinker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th November
1857.
I, JOHN PINKER, of Pease Street, Hull, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR MARINE STEAM ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in governors for marine
steam engines. For these purposes the throttle or other suitable valve is
arranged to be acted on by a weighted lever, so as to close or partly close such
valve. The most convenient arrangement for this purpose consists in fixing a
pinion or curved toothed rack on the axis or spindle of the throttle valve, and
forming or applying a curved rack on one end of the weighted lever. Hence as
e weighted lever constantly tends to hang in a perpendicular position, any
change in the vessel which causes the propelling machinery to be less sub-
merged will bring the lever to act on the valve, so as to more or less close it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
April 1857.-A communication from Francois Schepers, of Liége, in tho
Kingdom of Belgium, Gun Maker.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS," a communication from Francois Schepers, of
Liége, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Gun Maker, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a certain improvement in the locks of fire-arms,
whereby the friction of certain of the working parts is greatly reduced without
rendering the lock more complicated than those in ordinary use.
The improvement consists in the application and use to and in the free end
of the mainspring of the lock of a small antifriction pully or roller, which
runs along the cams fixed to the axis of the hammer, in place of the plain end
of the spring rubbing against it, as is at present the case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Thompson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June
1857.
I, HENRY THOMPSON, of No. 322, Regent Street, in the Parish of Maryle-
bone and County of Middlesex, Pianoforte Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is applicable to cabinet, cottage, and other upright piano-
fortes, and is intended to facilitate the execution and increase the effect of
"crescendo and diminuendo" passages upon such instruments.
In ordinary pianofortes the upper front panel above the keyboard consists
of an open frame, covered with silk either fluted or otherwise disposed. In
my improved pianoforte this panel is closed by a series of parallel laths, which
are mounted upon pivots at each end. These laths may be arranged either
vertically or horizontally, and have their edges bevilled and covered with
velvet, felt, or other suitable material, and their outer surface is covered with
silk either fluted or otherwise arranged, so as to present when closed the
appearance of an ordinary pianoforte.
ordinary pianoforte. These laths (which may be made of
wood or other suitable material) are kept closed by means of springs, and are
connected by cranks and rods to an additional pedal provided for that purpose,

page_text: by depressing which they are opened, turning upon their pivots in the manner
of "louvres" or Venetian blinds..
It will be evident, by the use of this Invention any required degree of
"crescendo" or "diminuendo "effect may be produced, whether all the notes
in the musical passage accord or not, which could not be obtained without
producing a certain amount of discord under the ordinary system of raising
the dampers from the strings by means of the loud pedal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GELATINE AND GLUE
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Cornides at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th May 1857.
I, LOUIS CORNIDES, (at the Office for Patents), 4, Trafalgar Square, Charing
Cross, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GELATINE AND GLUE," to
be as follows:
This Invention consists in extracting from animal substances the gelatinous
matter contained therein by means of a solution of glycerine.. The following
process I have found answer well for dissolving and extracting the aforesaid
gelatinous matter from substances which contain the same:-I steep the
aforesaid animal substances in water for from 12 to 16 hours, and when they
are soft and have been washed in clean water, I then add a quantity of a
liquid known by candle and soap makers as "sweet liquor," composed of a
mixture of water and glycerine in the following proportions, namely, about
16 parts of softened animal substances to about 50 parts of the aforesaid sweet
liquor; I boil this mixture in a vessel such as is commonly used by manu-
facturers of gelatine and glue for about three hours, and then separate the
insoluble residuum by means of straining.
In using concentrated glycerine produced by any of the known processes, I

page_text: propose to dilute the same with about 16 parts of water which renders it fit
for use. The above mentioned strained solution of gelatine or glue may be
mixed with antiseptic matters or substances, such as alum and creosote, and
when cool is of the consistence of jelly.
The above mentioned improved gelatine or glue may be used either in a
liquid state, or the jelly may be treated by any of the processes of drying and
cutting at present practised in the manufacture of gelatine or glue.
AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY CAP OR COWL AND VENTILATOR
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lawrance at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1857:
I, WILLIAM LAWRANCE, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CHIMNEY CAP OR COWL AND VENTILATOR," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in covering the top of a chimney shaft, pipe, or flue
with a conical deflector or plate, having an orifice in the centre thereof, and
in connecting to the chimney shaft, pipe, or flue a cylinder or piece of pipe
open at top and bottom in such manner that the lower edge of the cylinder
shall descend below the level of the top of or opening in the conical deflector.
A pipe covered with the deflector and fitted with the cylinder forms a ven-
tilator which can be fixed over apertures made in the roofs of churches and
other buildings.
IM PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BURNING GAS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time-prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robert Reid Humfrys at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with. his Petition, on the
11th March 1857.
I, JOHN ROBERT REID HUMFRYS, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Master of Arts, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BURNING GAS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus for effecting more perfect combustion of
gas, and to obviate the liability to ignition below that part of the apparatus
assigned to combustion. It is applicable to all apparatus used for the purposes
of illuminating, heating, cooking, and other purposes, such as the gasing of
yarns, the singeing of cotton fabrics, &c. The burners will therefore be
modified according to the purpose for which they are to be used, and my In-
vention will be applied thereto in a variety of forms, according to particular
cases.
One part of my improvements consists in the admission or direction of a
current or currents of air (somewhat on the principle of the blow pipe) to
that point from which the gas issues, so as to effect a combination necessary
for complete combustion.
In order to illustrate this I will describe certain apparatus which I have
found to answer. Suppose an ordinary argand burner to be employed, I

page_text: arrange concentric therewith a conical chamber, or a series of pipes, com-
.municating with the atmosphere. The upper orifice or orifices being directed
inwards, causes a stream or streams of air to rush upon the gas, so as to
mingle therewith. As another example, I will suppose a horizontal pipe,
straight or curved, employed, either perforated with small holes, or having a
number of burners attached thereto, and situate, if desired, beneath a surface
of wire gauze, as in apparatus applied to the purpose of heating. Parallel
with this pipe, and on each side thereof, I place a sheet of metal at an angle,
so as to form a section similar to that of the vertical section of a cone. The
air entering at the base is gradually directed towards a central line, so as to
issue just above the orifice of the burner or perforated pipe, and to mingle
with the gas issuing therefrom.
Another part of my Invention consists in the use of curved plates or other
apparatus for imparting one or more angular directions to gas and air before
they issue from the burning orifice or orifices, whereby the liability to com-
bustion below the proper level is obviated..
According to another part of my Invention, I cause gas and air to pass
from contiguous passages, so as to be delivered into an outer chamber,
constituting a reservoir, which may be supplied with wire gauze or other
apertures, constituting burners. I also apply above such passages a surface
interfering with the direct issue of the air and gas, whereby the diffusion is
facilitated.
AN IMPROVED HOOD OR COVERING FOR THE HEAD, CAPABLE OF BEING USED EITHER SEPARATE FROM OR IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER GARMENTS, SUCH AS CLOAKS, MANTLES, CAPES, DRESSING GOWNS, AND OTHER ENTIRE OR PARTIAL COVERINGS FOR THE HUMAN BODY
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Jay and George Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 29th January 1857.
We, SAMUEL JAY and GEORGE SMITH, both of No. 246, Regent Street, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED HOOD OR COVERING FOR THE HEAD, CAPABLE OF BEING USED
EITHER SEPARATE FROM OR IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER GARMENTS, SUCH AS CLOAKS,
MANTLES, CAPES, DRESSING GOWNS, AND OTHER ENTIRE OR PARTIAL COVERINGS FOR
THE HUMAN BODY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally, in combining a mechanical hood with a
cloak, mantle, cape, dressing gown, or other external garment, for the purpose
of enabling such said hood to be used either as a partial or as an entire
covering, to be passed over the head when necessary without resting thereon,
and capable of being fixed in any desired position. For example, the above
improved hood when applied to an opera cloak serves as a callishe, with the
advantage of forming an ornamental part of the cloak when the hood thereof
is out of use.
We would here remark that our Invention does not consist in combining
a hood with a cloak, mantle, or cape (as the same has heretofore, and is at
the present time commonly practised), except when such said hood is
mechanically constructed, so as to be capable of being raised and lowered
and passed or held in any desired position over the head without resting

page_text: thereon, as is the case with the ordinary hoods, the intention of this part of
our Invention being to combine two articles together, namely, a hood made
with a mechanical framework or foundation, capable of being opened and
closed at will, and a cloak, mantle, &c. of the ordinary kind. At the same
time it is proposed to use the above mentioned hood, when constructed
according to this Invention, as a covering for the head only, or for the head
and shoulders, somewhat after the fashion of bonnets known and distinguished
sun bonnets," or the said improved hood may be so formed as that when
raised it shall resemble an Elizabethian collar, the intention being to protect
the back part of the neck and head of the wearer from draughts or currents of
cold air.
"
The aforesaid hood may be formed by connecting thin pieces or strips of
metal or other material together, and is capable of being expanded or collapsed
readily, and yet presenting an elegant and sightly appearance when attached
to a garment so as to form a part thereof, as above stated.