IM. PROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY TO THE OBTAINING OF PRINTED PROOFS OR IMPRESSIONS OR ENGRAVINGS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Bullock and James Bullock, both of
Leamington, in the County of Warwick, for the Invention of "IM.
PROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY TO THE OBTAINING OF
PRINTED PROOFS OR IMPRESSIONS OR ENGRAVINGS."
Sealed the 20th March 1866, and dated the 17th November 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Bullock and
James Bullock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 17th November 1865.
We, EDWARD BULLOCK and JAMES BULLOCK, both of Leamington, in the
County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY TO THE OBTAINING OF
PRINTED PROOFS OR IMPRESSIONS OR ENGRAVINGS," to be as follows:-
In order to produce a photograph from which printed proofs or impressions
can be taken, either directly or not, as from a stone or zinc plate, exhibiting
half tones and graduated shading similar to an engraving, we reticulate or
break up
the surface into very fine and minute lines or dots. This may be

page_text: done in several ways at various stages of the process. Thus an ordinary
plain photographic negative may be taken in the usual way, and a picture
produced therefrom having its surface reticulated or broken up into lines or
dots, as aforesaid, by placing any ordinary fine fabric, as muslin, gauze, or net,
between the negative and the sensitized paper or other surface intended to
receive the picture, the same being previously prepared by any of the
bichromate and ink processes known in the trade. The result will be a
positive picture or copy, bearing on its surface the reticulations or inarkings
of the fabric interposed as aforesaid. This copy with the reticulations may be
transferred to a stone or zinc plate, and any number of impressions may be
printed off, each bearing the markings or reticulations of the interposed fabric
with the lights and shades according to the original negative, and bearing all
the appearance of an engraving. As we have already stated, such reticulated
negatives may be produced in other ways; thus ground glass previously
rubbed in with dark-coloured paint or other suitable colouring matter may
be employed for the original negatives, or may be interposed between the
negative and the sensitized paper or other surface in the place of the fabric
mentioned above.
Another process would be the interposition of a fabric such as net or
gauze between the camera and the object to be photographed; or copies of
reticulated or granulated structures or fabrics upon any transparent medium,
such as glass, talc, or gelatine, may be interposed between the negative and
the sensitized surface, or placed before the prepared plate during exposure
in the camera; or the negative plate may be first exposed for a few seconds
to the granulated or reticulated surface, and afterwards to the object to be
photographed.
Another process whereby such reticulated negatives may be produced is
the placing of the copy of a reticulated or granulated surface face to face
with any ordinary negative, and copy both together through the light, thus
producing a transparency from which anoth r copy may be taken, a priut
from which will have the reticulated or granulated appearance afore
mentioned.
Another method is the superposition of the granulated material or negative
copy of such material upon the prepared surface, and printing the image
by the aid of the solar camera on such surface through the reticulated
medium.
There are several other processes whereby such reticulated negatives or
prints may be produced, but in every case it is necessary that the plate or
impression from which the printed proofs or copies are ultimately to be

page_text: taken should be so reticulate or marked on its surface. Such so reticulated
negatives, or impressions from them, may be transferred to a lithographic
stone or zinc plate, or they may be transferred by the ordinary processes to
a steel or copper plate and etched, from which plate engravings may be
obtained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Bullock and James Bullock in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 27th March 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
BULLOCK and JAMES BULLOCK, both of Leamington, in the County of
Warwick, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Edward Bullock and James Bullock, Her special licence that
we, the said Edward Bullock and James Bullock, our executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Edward Bullock and James
Bullock, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with. and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
ine term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE APPLICATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY TO THE OBTAINING OF PRINTED PROOFS OR
IMPRESSIONS OR ENGRAVINGS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said Edward Bullock and James Bullock, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
tue same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Bullock and James Bullock,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:--
In order to produce a photograph from which printed proofs or impressions

page_text: can be taken, either directly or not, as from a stone or zinc plate, exhibiting
bal tones and graduated shading similar to an engraving or lithograph, we
reticulate or break up the surface into very fine and minute lines or dots.
One process is to reticulate the negatives, which may be done by placing the
copy of a reticulated or granulated surface face to face with any ordinary
negative, and copying both together through the light, thus producing a
transparency from which a negative must be taken, a priut from which upon
paper prepared by any of the bichromate and ink processes known in the
trade will have the reticulated or granulated appearance afore mentioned.
This copy with the reticulations may be transferred to a stone or zinc
plate, and any number of impressions may be printed off, each bearing the
markings or reticulations of the interposed copy with the lights and shades
according to the original negative, and bearing all the appearance of an
engraving or lithograph.
Another process is to use a transfer paper, prepared in the manner about
to be described, with granulations or reticulations already imprinted or
otherwise impressed or placed upon it. This paper may be used whether
the impression be a lithograph, a zincograph, an impression from an
electrotype, or from an engraved or etched plate. This paper is prepared
by coating paper, which may be either ordinary or photographic paper,
with gelatine, gum, isinglass, albumen, glue, sugar, starch, or other
similar substance having a glutinous nature, or it may be coated with a
combination of these substances. This part of the process may or may
not be con lucted in connection with bichromate of potash or bichromate
of ammonia or other chemical having the same characteristics. Upon
the paper so prepared is printed a granulated or reticulated pattern of any
character, composed of dots or lines in ink of any kind or colour having
the power partially or completely, according to requirement, of preventing
the light acting on the paper beneath. In this case the specks of ink
themselves form a medium, and by their aid excessive contrasts are avoided
and half tones secured. Such picture when so obtained is passed to a
lithographic stone or zinc plate, and a printed proof produced therefrom;
by the aid of chromolithography coloured proofs may be produced.
Having now explained our Invention as completely as possible, what we
claim as our Invention to be protected by Her Majesty's Letters Patent is,-
Firstly, reticulated negatives having the appearance of copies of engravings
and lithographs or etchings produced in the manner above described.
Secondly, we claim a photographic paper prepared as herein-before
described.

page_text: Thirdly, we claim in general the "Improvements in the Application of
Photography to the Obtaining of Printed Proofs or Impressions or En-
gravings," herein-before set forward and described in this our Specification.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Bullock and James Bullock,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-third day of
March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-six
Witnesses,
JOHN WOODRUFF,
9, Lower Parade,
Leamington.
EDWIN BEARD,
16a, Lower Parade,
Leamington.
EDWARD BULLOCK. (L.B.)
JAMES BULLOCK.
(L.S.)