Improvements in Printing and Multiple Synchronous Telegraphs.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Dec., 1892-Accepted, 4th Mar., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in Printing and Multiple Synchronous Telegraphs.
A communication from abroad by CHARLES LUMAN BUCKINGHAM, of 195,
Broadway, New York, State of New York, U.S.A., Lawyer.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to the application of a printing telegraph to a multiple
synchronous or synchronous multiple system of telegraphy, and consists in the
combination with the multiple synchronous system of an automatic transmitter, a
printing instrument in which the type carrying device, like a type wheel, is
controlled by a series of adjusters operating singly or in various combinations to
set the type-wheel to the required different positions, the magnets which operate on
said adjusters at the receiving station being controlled by bringing them
successively into connection with the main line through the branches of the
multiple synchronous telegraph apparatus.
The invention consists further in the device for securing synchronism in the
operation of the instruments at the transmitting and receiving stations which
devices are applicable not only to the combination in which a printing instrument
is employed but also to any multiple synchronous apparatus as, for instance, to
that in which separate Morse telegraph apparatus are employed in the several
devices.
I will now describe my invention by reference to the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1, is a diagram showing the transmitter, the unison mechanism, and the
relay and magnet arrangement of my present system.
Fig. 2, is a development of the surface of the type-wheel or type carrier,
showing those letters which are brought to position to be printed by calling the
adjusting magnets into action one at a time, two at a time, three at a time, and
four at a time, respectively.
Fig. 3, shows the form of printing instrument which I prefer to use in this
system.
Fig. 4, is a unison device by which the trailing arm at the receiving station is
kept in synchronism with that of the transmitter.
Fig. 5, shows a second form of synchronizing motor.
Fig. 6, shows the synchronizing device applied to a multiple synchronous
system with Morse apparatus or other independently operated devices in the
branches.
Fig. 7, shows the preferred correcting motor to be used with the driving
motor.
Fig. 8, is a diagram of apparatus employed at the two stations to show the
relative rates of the rotating arms.
Referring to Fig. 3, it is seen that the type-wheel is controlled by five adjusting
magnets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The wheel may be thrown into any required position by
the adjusters when brought into action singly, or together in any one of many
possible combinations. The adjusting magnets control armature levers F, G, H, I, J,
the latter at their free ends, being provided with forks, the prongs of which work
within circumferential grooves of the rods a, b, c, d, e. Rods a and d, are
1, and
C,
incapable of rotation owing to feathered bearings in supports k and o
however, are capable of both rotary and longitudinal movement, and each of the
latter is provided at either end with a pin, one of which plays in a straight slot in
a sleeve at one side, while the other works in a spiral groove in a second sleeve on
.
;
e,

page_text: which
the other side. The purpose of the straight slots and spiral grooves in sleeves f.g
h, i, j, is apparent, it being understood that the sleeves are capable only of
rotation, they being collared or journalled in supports l, m, n, p, q, as shown.
Shaft, upon which type-wheel t, is fixed is provided at one end with a radial
pin which slides within the straight slot in the outer end of sleeve h, while at
the opposite side of the wheel, rod r, is provided with two collars s, s,
enclose the ends of a rack bar t". It will now be seen that as the pinion t',
rotates it will move t", and that the latter by pressing against collars s, s, carries
the type-wheel backwards and forwards along its axis without in any manner
disturbing its circumferential position. Shaft », passes axially through rack
bar t, but it is held against rotation by a guide rod u, the latter being rigidly
fixed to the bar, while it slides freely in an opening in the frame. Press magnet P,
bar p', and platen p², are actuated by a local battery B', the circuit of which is
normally open. This circuit is automatically closed, after the typewheel has been
set to a position for printing, once during each rotation of the trailer by a circuit
closer placed on the shaft of the driving motor, as shown in Fig. 1. By actuating
adjusting levers F, G, H, singly the type-wheel will be rotated 1, 2 and 4, spaces
respectively. By actuating bar 1, the left ring of the type-wheel will be brought
over the platen. Likewise by operating J, the right ring will be moved to the
same position, while the second type ring from the right end of the wheel is
brought over the press by the conjoint action of I and J. By the various single or
combined operations it will be obvious that any letter may be presented for
printing. The wheel is provided with a blank space in the type ring second from
the left end, which normally rests over the platen. To avoid extreme movements
of the type-wheel it is never rotated more than half way in either direction.
This is made possible by arranging armature levers H to act in a direction
opposite to that of F and G, though the armatures might all be attracted in the
same direction if the spiral groove in h, were oppositely cut, as is the groove inj,
with reference to the groove in i. My invention herein claimed, however, is not
limited to use with the particular form of printing instruments shown in Fig. 3.
In fact this improvement is adapted to any form of printer in which a series of
adjusters are employed whose limits of action collectively are commensurate with
the maximum movement of the type carrier; the invention is also in part
applicable to an entirely different class of printers. Having referred to one form
of printing mechanism, I will now describe the means by which I am enabled to
actuate or control the several adjusting devices, one independently of the other
whereby any one or more of them may, by currents passing over a single line, be
operated to the exclusion of the others.
In Fig. 1, I have shown at the transmitting station a perforated strip of paper
passing over a rotating conducting drum A, which is joined to a line battery M, B,
through a friction conductor. The paper is provided with perforations miscel
laneously placed in five rows along its length; and the letters are represented by
perforations in a transverse line across the tape. Above the tape is a series of
conducting styluses mounted upon an insulated bar D, each stylus being electrically
connected with a segment of the circular series of contacts S, over which a
trailing arm T, sweeps. The segments 3, 5, 2, 1, 4, are thus used, while for
synchronizing purposes number 6 is joined with a branch line leading to earth G
At the receiving station a similar series of circularly arranged contacts S', and a
trailing arm T, are employed; but in this case segments 3, 5, 2, 1, 4, are
respectively connected with a series of selecting relays W, Y, V, U, X, and
thence to earth G"; while segment number 6, is here also connected to earth by
a separate branch; but in this case it is provided with a battery which sends a
synchronizing pulse over the main line every time the trailer T', makes a
revolution. It is now seen that as many pulses will be sent to line as there are
perforations brought under the styluses for a letter transmitted, and that as the
trailer sweeps over segments connected to styluses below which there are no
perforations, currents will not be sent. By this means some one or more branches

page_text: t each station are simultaneously joined to the main line, and one or more selecting
elays are brought into action to operate corresponding ones of the adjusting
nagnets 3, 5, 2, 1, 4. The latter are joined by multiple branches with battery M.
The armatures of the polarized selecting relays all have a bias towards their back
contacts, but under the influence of a momentary current, they are moved to front
contact where they remain until returned by other and independent means.
During each rotation of the trailer, or during the transmission of each letter the
armatures of one or more selecting relays are brought to front contact; and it is
therefore necessary to employ an automatic resetting arrangement which is
brought into action, and during this period but always after the type-wheel has
been set and printing effected. To this end I employ a local circuit 41, including
a resetting coil for each selecting relay acting in magnetic opposition to the coils
connected with the trailer segments. This circuit is brought into action by a
circuit closer placed on the motor shaft driving the trailer, just after printing has
occurred. Both circuit closers are placed on the same shaft, but the one for
resetting the selecting relays is adjusted slightly behind the one for printing.
As the trailer T', makes a complete rotation the armature of one selecting relay
after another will be thrown to front contact providing all of the styluses at the
transmitter are during that period brought in contact with drum 1. Owing to the
fact, however, that only one or more apertures as a rule occur in a transverse row
most of the armatures of the selecting relays remain unaffected.
While T, is passing over segment 6, at the receiver, the perforated transmitting
strips should be moved from the points where the styluses leave the apertures of
one letter and fall into apertures of the next. With this arrangement battery M, B,
is in each case simultaneously joined with as many styluses as there are per-
forations in the letter to be sent; but these styluses are only connected to the line
one at a time, as the trailer rotates. It is obvious that the transmitting styluses
might be set diagonally across the transmitting paper one in advance of another so
as to come in contact successively with drum A; or the perforations for a letter
might be cut in diagonal instead of right lines across the strip, leaving the stylus
points as shown in Fig. 1. Trailer T, must be so timed as to complete its move-
ment over segments 3, 5, 2, 1, 4, while the paper is drawn over drum A, the space
of one perforation and during this period all of the selecting relays required for
any particular letter must be actuated. It is thus seen that some of the selecting
relays are actuated in the early part of the trailer's movement, long before
printing takes place, and that from this fact the adjusting magnets having the
most work to do in setting the type-wheel may be given ample opportunity to
complete their work.
Instead of using only a single pulse to set the armature of a selecting relay, and
one rotation of the trailer to transmit a letter, the trailer might make many
revolutions for each letter thus sending through each of its coils a succession of
pulses.
In effecting synchronism, as already stated, I employ branches attached to the
number 6 segments, the one at the receiving station containing a battery, by means
of which a pulse is sent over the main line once during each rotation of the trailer.
These pulses at the transmitting end pass through a differential relay D, M, and
attract an armature, thereby closing a local circuit 50, through the armature coils
of an electro-magnetic motor. If the instruments at the two stations are in exact
unison owing to the construction of the synchronizing motor, no effect is produced.
When, however, the motor is running either too fast or too slow these local circuits
will set up a retarding or an accelerating influence as occasion requires. At each
station the trailing arm is driven by a uniformly moving motor-preferably a
magnetic motor and the two are adjusted to run together as nearly as possible.
Upon the same shaft with the main motor, at the transmitting station, is placed the
5 rotating armature of a second or correcting motor as shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 5.
For convenience of illustration the field magnets of the auxiliary motor are
extensions of the others, though the two may be made separate. In Fig. 5, a ring

page_text: is shown, the upper half of which is of iron while the remainder is of non-magnetic
material. If at the moment local circuit 50, is closed the armature is in the position
here shown, the current from battery, flowing through brushes 1, s', rings pl, o,
and winding a, m³, y', will exert no effect; but if it is either in advance or
behind this position the current from ', will exert a strong correcting effect. To
regulate the force of this battery, I may use a rheostat R. With such a motor the
corrective influence of correcting pulses is exerted through a long range of move-
ment, and over a space of about one half of the armature's rotation.
This armature is rigidly geared to the shaft of the trailer at the transmitting
station; and it should occupy the position shown in Fig. 5, while the trailers at
both stations are on the number 6 segments. In Fig. 4, I have shown a different
type of motor. The continuous winding is broken at the lower part of the ring,
and is joined from point to point with the segments of an ordinary Gramme
commutator. One segment q', of this commutator is prolonged as shown making
connection with a metallic ring O', upon which rests a brush s'. The brush n²,
bears upon the sectional commutator p. If now the local circuit 50, is closed by
relay D M, obviously while the armature of the motor is in the position here
shown no current will flow through its coils. But if the armature be running
either fast or slow, currents will pass through coils in a direction either to retard
or accelerate its motion. And the further from adjustment the armature may be
the more coils will it pass through, and consequently the greater will be the
correcting effect. In effecting adjustment by this device a strong correcting effect
is produced only when the armature is far from a point of unison, and as this
distance decreases the correcting force is correspondingly diminished. When,
therefore, the motor has reached a position of adjustment the correcting force is nil,
and there is no tendency to throw it out of adjustment in the other direction as might
be the case in the form shown in Fig. 5, and in all other synchronizing devices with
which I am acquainted.
It is desirable to place the synchronizing relay D M, at the transmitting station,
for, if it were at the receiving end, pulses transmitted in sending a message would,
when the instruments were not running in unison, act upon the relay and thus still
further derange the action of the motor. In placing the relay at the transmitting
station it will only be brought into operation when the trailer T', at the receiving
station is in contact with segment 6, for at no other time will it be subject to an
actuating current. But to guard against message currents from the transmitting
station the relay must be given a duplex character; in other words, it must be so
made that it will not respond to outgoing currents from the transmitting station.
To this end the ordinary differential relay or Wheatstone bridge arrangement with
an artificial line may be employed. A complete circuit from the receiving station
is always formed, for if the branches at the transmitting end are broken by the paper
strip a path is found through the artificial line to the earth G. In this case an
additional resistance is encountered; the current thus reduced, however, acts upon
relay D M, through the two coils instead of one.
I do not limit myself to the use of the particular kind of motor hereinbefore
described as included in the correcting circuit for effecting the synchronism, inasmuch
as any other means suitable for the purpose might be employed in the local cor-
recting circuit controlled by the relay for effecting synchronism; my invention so
far as this part thereof is concerned consisting broadly in the combination with the
synchronously operating transmitter and receiver, of a duplex relay at the trans-
mitting station, an actuating motor for the transmitter, a local correcting circuit
at such station, a duplex relay for controlling said local circuit, and a synchronizing
battery branch at the receiving station intermittently closed by the operation of a
motor thereat.
Heretofore in multiple synchronous systems synchronism has been established
between the rotating arms at the two ends of the line either by employing some
of many transmissions for unison and the remainder for the sending of messages, as
in the Delaney system, or by using a continuous series of pulses to preserve

page_text: unison and other values of current, either greater or less, for telegraphing.
Patten employs a continuous series of weak pulses of alternating polarity for
synchronism, while telegraph signals are simultaneously transmitted by increasing
the current strength. By my improvement the arms at the two stations are
synchronized by periodically transmitting from the receiving end of the line a
pulse to the transmitting end which there operates upon a relay controlling the
adjusting mechanism.
In Fig. 6, I have shown six segments in the circular series of contacts over
which the trailing arms rotate, and to five of these segments are connected con-
ductors in which are placed keys K' to K, and relays making in such case a set
of operator's instruments. At the transmitting station segment 6, is connected to
earth G, while at the receiving station segment 6, is connected to the battery
branch extending to earth G. At the transmitting station the trailer is geared
with the shaft of the electro-magnetic motor M', the latter being continuously
actuated by a local battery, while an independently actuated motor M, is also
employed at the receiving station, it having as nearly as possible a speed of
rotation equal to that of M'. To keep the two motors in unison, however, I use the
modified Gramme armature motor Fig. 7, consisting of two field poles, an annular
iron armature, and a continuous winding broken at one point. This armature is
provided with an ordinary sectional commutator p, the segments, all but one, being
connected to the armature coils by wires numbered from 1 to 29; the segment 9,
connected with wire 15, however, is prolonged and is in metallic connection with a
ring, o, against which bears the spring s, the latter also being in electrical con-
nection with the pivoted bearing of the armature lever of relay D M. Spring n,
bears upon commutator p, and is connected to one pole of the battery b, and to the
front contact of relay D M. It is now seen that if the relay armature were
attracted when the motor armature is in the position shown in Fig. 7, the current
from battery b, would not find a path through any of the coils of the motor armature,
the circuit from brush n, to s, in this case being formed through segment q, and
ring o. If, however, the motor armature were rotated to the left there would be a
circuit through the coils to the right of wire 15, and through as many of them as
are represented by the displacement which the armature has undergone. A circuit
would likewise be formed through coils at the left of wire 15, if the armature were
thrown to the right.
It now being remembered that the shaft of the motor armature is rigidly fixed to
the trailing arm at the transmitting station, it is seen that, if the arms at the two
stations are rotating in synchronism, segment 9, will be in contact with brush n,
while said arms are in contact with segments 6. It is obvious that current will not
under this condition flow through any of the coils of the auxiliary motor
armature. If, however, the trailer at the correcting station were rotating too
rapidly from right to left, current would flow through some of the motor coils at
the right of wire 15; if the trailer were rotating too slowly, current would flow
through some of the coils to the left of wire 15, and there would be a circuit
through more or less coils according as the trailer was far or only a little way out
of adjustment. If the trailer were out of adjustment one quarter of a rotation, of
course current would flow through coils covering one quarter of the armature
annulus. And, indeed, a circuit might be formed through the entire number of
coils either at the right or the left of wire 15. With this arrangement it is obvious
that when the trailer and correcting armature are far out of adjustment, a large
number of coils are brought into circuit, thus producing a very strong correcting
effect and that the number of coils brought into action diminishes with the
necessity for adjustment. Owing to this fact, the armature of the correcting
motor is gradually worked into a position of adjustment, the adjusting effects being
of a diminishing amount, and, as a consequence, a corrective force tending to throw
the armature over the line of adjustment from too fast to too slow, or from too
slow to too fast is avoided.

page_text: In connection with the artificial line of the relay D M, I employ the usual
resistance R, h, and a condenser C, as is ordinarily done in duplex telegraphy.
The system thus far described contemplates the transmission of messages in one
direction only and a series of transmitting instruments K' to K, at one station and
a corresponding series of receiving instruments at the other end of the line. But
messages may also be sent in the opposite direction if the currents employed be of
such a character as not to operate the synchronizing relay thereby causing the
correcting motor to operate out of time. This difficulty is obviated by polarizing
the synchronizing relay D M, and by employing a battery in the branch leading
from segment 6, of a polarity opposite to that of the batteries used for telegraphing
from the same station. If, for example, relay D, M, is so polarized that it will
respond to positive and not to negative currents, only negative currents can be used
to telegraph towards the station at which the relay is placed. In this manner
messages may be sent from both stations simultaneously, or all from the right to
the left station. As shown at the right station, the branch leading from segment 6,
presents positive polarity to line to work the synchronizing relay. The trans-
mitting batteries brought into action by keys K', to K³, therefore, must be of
negative polarity in order that they may have no influence upon the synchronizing
relay.
In Fig. 7, I have shown a hand switch by which more or less resistance can be
brought into circuit 50, to regulate the effect of battery b, upon the correcting
motor.
In Fig. 8, I have shown means by which it may be determined visually whether
the trailing arms at the two stations are rotating at the same speed. In the local
circuit 50, I place an electro-magnet whose armature lever carries a driving pawl
at one end which acts upon the teeth of a ratchet wheel to rotate an indicator
arm i, over a dial. A similar arrangement is operated by the branch circuit
leading from segment 6, to earth G. But in this case the branch must be
provided with a battery. It is obvious that the ratchet controlled by circuit 50,
is moved step by step with each rotation of the trailer at the distant station; and
thus it is seen that as arm i, passes over the figures of dial D, we are able to
determine at what speed the trailing arm at the distant station is being moved.
The indicator controlled by the branch leading from segment 6, at the home
station also indicates the speed at which the trailing arm at the home station is
rotating. And by comparing the movement of the two indicators we may
determine approximately whether the two trailing arms are running at the same
speed. If one is running more rapidly than the other, adjustment may be
principally effected by adjusting the hand sitch shown in Fig. 2; and their rates
having been brought to almost equal each other, they may then be left to the
automatic correcting devices to further equalize their speeds and to keep them in
synchronism.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In an automatic printing telegraph, the combination of a multiple
synchronous system, a strip of paper in which the characters are perforated in
transverse lines, a series of styluses respectively connected with segments of a
circular series of contacts, a receiving instrument, a corresponding series of
segments at the receiving station, a series of selecting relays, a printing instrument,
and a series of adjusters whose limits of action collectively are commensurate
with the maximum movement of the type carrying device, substantially as
described.
2. In a multiple synchronous telegraph system for operating a printing
telegraph, the combination of a perforated strip of paper, substantially as
described, a series of branches at the transmitting station, a main line, a series of

page_text: branches at the receiving station, a series of selecting relays provided with
resetting devices, substantially as described, and a
press magnet which is
automatically brought into operation after the type-wheel has been adjusted to a
position for printing.
3. In a synchronous multiple telegraph system for operating a printing
telegraph, the combination at the receiving station, of a rotating arm, a circular
series of contact segments electrically connected to earth which are successively
joined with the main line, a series of selecting relays, a motor for rotating said arm,
and circuit closers actuated by said motor one for controlling a resetting circuit,
and the other a press mechanism, substantially as described.
4. In a multiple synchronous telegraph system for operating a printing
telegraph, the combination of a duplex relay at the transmitting station for
effecting synchronism, a local circuit and a synchronizing motor having field
magnets as shown and an armature body formed of a segment of an iron ring or
disc, as set forth.
5. In a synchronous multiple telegraph system for operating a printing
telegraph, the combination at the transmitting station of an actuating motor, a
synchronizing motor, a local circuit, a duplex relay for operating said local circuit,
a main line, a motor at the receiving station for rotating an arm over a circular
series of contacts, a synchronizing battery branch, a series of selecting relays joined
with segments of the circular series of contacts, resetting coils, a printing instrument,
and a series of type setting magnets.
6. In a synchronous telegraph, a synchronizing arrangement comprising a
generator in a branch at one station, and a duplex relay at the other station
controlling a local circuit for correcting devices at the same station with said relay,
as and for the purpose described.
7. In a synchronous telegraph, a synchronizing arrangement consisting of a
battery in a branch at one station, a duplex relay at the other station, a local
circuit and a unison motor controlled thereby, substantially as described.
8. In a synchronous telegraph, an independently actuated motor for driving a
rotating arm at each station, a synchronizing relay and a correcting motor at one
station, the armature of the correcting motor being so constructed that a circuit
will be found through certain coils when it is rotating either too fast or too slow,
but not otherwise.
9. In a synchronous telegraph system, an independently actuated motor M', is
geared with a trailing arm, a correcting motor having an armature c, provided
with a broken Gramme winding, a sectional commutator p, a ring o, electrically
connected with segment 7, brushes s, n, relay D M, and a battery at the distant
station for operating the same, substantially as described.
10. In a synchronous telegraph, the combination of a trailing arm at one
station adapted to rotate over a circular series of electrical contacts, an actuating
motor M', geared with said arms, a correcting motor whose armature c, is
provided with a broken winding and is mounted upon the same shaft, a sectional
commutator and a ring with which one of the segments of the sectional
commutator is electrically connected, and contact brushes s, n, substantially as
described.
11. In an electro-magnetic motor, the combination with a ring armature which
is provided with a broken winding, a sectional commutator p, a ring o, a
prolonged segment q, and brushes n, s.
12. In an electro-magnetic motor, the combination of an armature provided
with a broken series of actuating coils, a sectional commutator p, ring 0,
brushes n, s, and a local circuit for actuating said motor whereby the actuating
current will find a path through certain coils and in such manner as to give it a
tendency to rotation either in one direction or the other, substantially as
described.
13. In a synchronous telegraph system, two indicators at one station controlled
respectively by the rotating arms of the synchronous telegraph, one at each end

page_text: of the line, whereby it may be determined whether the telegraph apparatus at
opposite ends of the line are rotating at equal speeds, or approximately so.
14. In a synchronous multiple telegraph, two independent step by step
indicators operated respectively by pulses transmitted over the telegraphic circuít
from the distant station, and by pulses which are called into action by a device
moving synchronously with the telegraph apparatus at the same station.
15. In a synchronous multiple telegraph, a sun-flower or its equivalent at each
station, a synchronizing device insensible to telegraphic current transmitted from
the same station, as well as to telegraphic currents from the opposite station, and
means for transmitting synchronizing pulses from such opposite station inde-
pendently of the telegraphic currents.
Dated this 13th day of December 1809
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham.