and other Machinery.
Year: 1886

page_text: and other Machinery.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the saine is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
My invention is applicable to double-acting hydraulic engines having a recipro-
cating piston or pistons working within a cylinder or cylinders, and the invention
relates more particularly to the construction and method or means of operating
both the induction valves and the eduction valves which are independent of the
induction valves.
As is usual in hydraulic engines or rams, the water. pressure for operating my
improved engine or ram may be derived either from the pressure in the street
mains of city waterworks, from a natural head of water as by waterfall or elevated
lake or reservoir, or from a force pump. The hydraulic engine may comprise either
a single double-acting piston working within a cylinder, or two single-acting
pistons working within two cylinders and each operating only by its stroke in one
direction. The two single acting pistons each exerting power during its stroke in
one direction only, would be obviously the equivalent of a double-acting piston.
exerting power while moving in both directions, and therefore in the following
Specification I shall use the generic terms "the cylinder and piston of a double-
acting bydraulic engine."
The invention consists in a combination with the cylinder and piston of a
double-acting hydraulic engine and induction valves therefor, of eduction valves
independent of the induction valves, opening in a direction opposite to that in
which water flows through them and connected together as described, so that the
closing of one insures the closing of the other, and auxiliary pistons connected
with the eduction valves and on which the pressure of water acts alternately to
shift said valves.
The invention also consists in a combination with the cylinder and piston of,
a double-acting hydraulic engine, of induction valves closing in the direction in

page_text: which water flows through them and connected together so that the closing of one
insures the opening of the other, eduction valves independent of the induction
valves, opening in a direction opposite to that in which water flows through them
and connected together so that the closing of one insures. the opening of the other,
auxiliary pistons connected with the eduction valves and operative by water
pressure to shift said valves, and means substantially as hereinafter described,
whereby at each termination of the stroke of the main piston an increased water
pressure is produced on the induction valve which is then closed to effect the
opening movement of the said valve.
In the accompanying drawing Figure is a longitudinal section of a double-
acting hydraulic.engine embodying my invention, and which comprises two single-
acting engine pistons and operating a double-acting pump piston; Figure 2 is a
similar section of an engine of slightly modified form also embodying my invention.
Figure 3 is a similar section of an engine also embodying the invention, and in
which a double-acting engine piston of large diameter serves to operate two single-
acting pump pistons or plungers of very much smaller diameter; Figure 4 is a
similar section of still another engine of modified form embodying the invention
and which comprises a double-acting engine piston from which power may be
communicated for operating any desired kind of machinery. Figure 5 is a similar
section of an engine embodying my invention comprising a double acting piston
from which power may be transmitted for operating machinery; Figure 6 is a
transverse vertical section upon the plane of the dotted line x x Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of still another form of engine embodying my
invention and comprising a double-acting hydraulic piston from which power may
be communicated for operating machinery and Figure 8 is a transverse vertical
section on the plane of the dotted line y, y, Figure 7.
Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.
In the several figures of the drawing I have shown only such parts as are
necessary to illustrate my invention and have not fully illustrated all the details
of the pump cylinders, as for example the valve chambers, valves &, and the bolts
for securing the several parts together; but all such features of construction will
bo readily understood by skilled mechanica familiar with hydraulic apparatus.
The engine shewn in Figure 1 includes two single-acting, engine pistons and
cylinders which constitute, in effect, the piston and cylinder of a double-acting
engine, and an intermediate double-acting pump piston and cylinder for raising a
comparatively large quantity of water to a heighth or pressure less than that from
which the engine is supplied.
A, designates the pump cylinder which may be provided with suitable suction
and discharge valves, not here shewn. This cylinder is provided at the ends with
ports or passages, 8, which are to be controlled by a system of suction and
discharge valves such as are ordinarily used in pumps. B, is the pump piston
fitted to the cylinder, A. C, C¹, are single-acting engine cylinders to which are
fitted single-acting engine pistons D, D¹. The cylinders, C, C; and piston's D, D¹,
constituto in effect the cylinder and piston of a double-acting engine, and the
pistons, D, D¹, are connected with the pump piston, B, so as to operate the same
alternately in reverse directions. The pistons, D, D' are hollow and communicate
through holes a with the cylinder A on opposite sides of the piston B; and the
passage: through the pistons, D, D' is controlled by eduction valves E E¹ having
long sterus b¹ extending through the pistons D, D₁, and abutting against each
otlier as shewn. The said stems, b, b¹ do not come in absolute contact but are
separated by a flexible diaphragm, c, in the piston, B, which prevents leakage
through the piston, and said stems are of such length that the valves, E, E¹, can
never be. both closed at the same time; the closing movement of one valve always
producing the opening movement of the other valve. The opening movements
of the valves, E, E¹, are limited by pins; c', which enter slots c² in the valve
stems, b, b¹.

page_text: Upon the backs of the valves, E, E¹, are secured auxiliary pistons, F, F¹, which
have their outer ends of slightly reduced diameter, as shewn, for a purpose herein-
after described, and which are adapted to enter cylinders, G, G', in the ends of the
cylindera, C, C¹. These auxiliary pistons should be about one half the area of the
pistons, D, D
H designates a valve piece which is adapted to close by a reciprocating move-
ment on either of two seats, d, d, in the casing H, into which the supply pipe H²,
for water under pressure, enters. The piece, H, therefore constitutes two valves
which are connected so that any movement of one is transmitted to the other. As
here shewn each seat, d, d', is formed with side openings, 1, and ribs or guides, 2,
and at the ends of the casing H¹, are chambers, e, e¹, into one or other of which
the water passes when either of the valves is opened, and from which pipes, f, f',
lead to the ends of the auxiliary cylinders, G, G¹. The chambers, e, e¹, and
pipes, ff, simply form passages leading to the cylinders, C, C¹.
The induction valves formed by the piece, H, always open outwards relatively
to the engine cylinder or in other words, they close in the same direction in which
water flows through them. As for example, the piece, H, moves toward the left
hand to admit water through the seat, d, to the right hand cylinder, C¹, and vice
versa. In starting the engine, the valves, H, may be operated manually by means
of the push rods, 8¹. As shewn in the drawing, the water enters through the
valve seat, d, chamber, e, and pipe, f, to the left hand engine cylinder, C, and
forces the pistons D, B, D', toward the right. The valve, E, is at this time closed,
but the valve, E', is open and the water in the cylinder, C1, passes through said
valve and the hollow piston D¹, into the cylinder, A, on the right hand side of the
piston, B, and augments the discharge therefrom; at the same time the pump
cylinder, A, on the left hand side of the piston, B, is being filled with water by
suction.
This movement continues until the piston, F1, enters the cylinder, G¹, whereupon
the water in that cylinder will be forced backwards into the cylinder, C¹, until the
piston, F¹, comes to so tight a fit that no water can pass it. Then the pressure on
the piston, D, will be partly balanced by the opposite pressure on the sinaller area
of the piston, F¹, and before the pistons can move farther to the right the
pressure, acting upon the difference in area between the pistons, D, and, F¹, must
become great enough to do the work, because, as the pressure increases in the
chamber, C, it must necessarily become equally high in the pipe, f, and chamber, e¹,
before the valve piece, H, can be forced from its seat d against that pressure. The
momentum of the fly wheel of the pump which may be employed to supply water
through the inlet pipe, H³, will cause the additional pressure to be obtained on the
piston, D, the instant there is any check to the current supplied through the
pipe, H2, and the movement of the piston toward the right will therefore continue
and will produce by the action of the piston, F', a sufficient pressure within the
pipe, and chamber, e¹, to move the valve piece, H, away from the seat, d', and
toward the left sufficiently to allow the water from the supply pipe, H, access to
the right hand side of the valve piece, when the water, together with the pressure
from pipe, f¹ will move the valve over onto and close the seat, d, leaving the
seat, d, fully open. The water from the pipe, H, then has free passage through
the chamber, e', and pipe, f', into the auxiliary cylinder, G and by reason of the
momentum of the fly wheel of the pump, which supplies the water, the pressure is
increased in the cylinder, G', until it is sufficient, by acting through the valve stems,
b, b, to move the valve, E, from its seat. The water in the cylinder, C, then has a
free outlet through the hollow piston, D, into the cylinder, A, on the left hand side
of the piston, B. At the same time that the pressure on the auxiliary piston F1,
opens the valve, E, in a direction opposite to that in which water flows through it,
it will close the valve, E', and if said valve is not entirely closed when the larger or
tighter fitting part of the piston, F leaves the cylinder, G, the friction of the
water in passing between the cylinder and the smaller part of the piston will retain
a pressure behind the piston, F, sufficient to complete the closing of the valve, E.

page_text: In point of fact the valve, El, would be entirely closed by the current even if the
piston should entirely leave the cylinder, G', before its closing movement is com-
pleted. A small quantity of water might, however, escape through the valve, E³,
before it is entirely closed, and to prevent this loss of power I make the pistons,
F, F of reduced diameter at the ends. As soon as the piston F¹ leaves the
cylinder G', the pressure immediately falls to that, necessary to move the engine by
acting on the larger area of the piston, D1, and the pistons, D', B, and D are then
all moved toward the left hand to make the return stroke.
'
Although I have stated that the momentum of the fly wheel of the force pump
which supplies water through the pipe, H2, is depended on to increase the pressure
automatically when the auxiliary pistons, F, F, are entering and leaving their
small cylinders,' G, G¹, the same result would be attained by the momentum of
water in the supply pipe, H2, if the latter be long enough. Although I have here
shewn two separate cylinders, C, C, and two pistons, D, D¹, they are only single-
acting and therefore the two cylinders and their pistons form in substantial effect
the cylinder and piston of a double-acting engine.
In the form of engine shown in Figure 2 the construction and arrangement of
the pump cylinder A, its ports s, the pump piston B, the single acting engine
cylinders C, C, with their smaller auxiliary cylinders G, G¹, and the pistons D, D¹,
F, F, is the same as before described, except that there are no water passages
through the pistons D, D¹, and the auxiliary pistons F F¹, are formed on or
attached rigidly to them. The auxiliary pistons F, F¹, however need not be
attached directly to the pistons D D¹ they might be independent of said pistons
but so arranged that the pistons D, D¹, would abut against and move them in
terminating their own movements.
The construction and arrangement of the valve casing H, the induction valves H
with their seats d, d, the inlet pipe H2, the chambers e, e¹, and pipes ff1, are as
before described. The eduction valves E E¹, are arranged in chambers g g¹, which
communicate through openings controlled by said valves with an intermediate
chamber g, from which leads a discharge pipe g³. The valves E E' are connected
by a rod or stem b so that the closing of either valve effects the opening of the
other and the valve chambers g, g', are connected by pipes h, h', with the ends of
the cylinders C, C¹.
.
Between the chambers, e, e¹, and their adjacent chambers, g g', are openings or
small cylinders a', a², in which work auxiliary pistons i, i, attached to or formed
with the valves E, E, and by their movements controlling the opening and closing
of said valves. The area of these auxiliary pistons is somewhat smaller than the
area of the valves. This arrangement of the induction and eduction valves is
particularly desirable because the chest or casing wherein they are arranged may
be placed in any suitable situation relatively to the engine and pump and at a
distance therefrom, if desired, and the pipes ff¹, h h¹, may be prolonged and
connected, as here shown, with the chambers e, e¹, g, g¹..
As here shown, the valve H is closed on the seat d', and the water is entering
the cylinder C through the chamber e, and pipe f. and forcing the pistons D, B, D,
toward the right the water in front of the piston D', exhausting from the pipe
and chamber g' valve E', chamber g² and pipe. 93. This operation continues until
the auxiliary piston F¹, enters the small cylinder G₁ and thereby increases the
pressure in the pipe f¹ and chamber e¹, sufficiently to move the valve-piece H from.
its seat d. As soon as this takes place the pressure in both the chambers e¹ e is
balanced and as the area of the valve E is larger than that of the piston said
valve E, remains seated. As soon however, as the piece H by the combined action
of the pressure in the passage e¹ and from the pipe H2, is forced onto its Bent d,
the pressure increases or accumulates in the chamber e¹ until it is sufficient to act
on the auxiliary piston i, to close the valve E¹ and open the valve E. The
piston D is thereupon relieved of pressure and the increased pressure in the
cylinder G, forces the piston F together with the pistons D¹, B, D, toward the left.
As soon as the piston F, leaves the cylinder G₁, the pressure of water falls and

page_text: acting on the whole area of the piston D¹ makes the return stroke of the several
pistons D¹, B, D.
In this example of my invention also the two single acting cylinders and
pistons CC, D D', constitute, in effect, the cylinder and piston of a double-acting
engine.
In Figure 3 I have illustrated my invention as embodied in an engine and pump
for forcing a comparatively small quantity of water to a great height by a power
derived from a larger quantity of water under a less heighth or head. I employ a
single double-acting engine cylinder C, of large diameter arranged between two
single-acting pump cylinders A, A, of smaller diameter. At the outer ends of the
pump cylinders A, A¹, are the delivery valves j, j¹, and from them lead the dis-
charge pipes k, k¹, which may be connected together so as to deliver through a
single pipe. D designates the engine piston to which are attached to hollow
single-acting pump pistons B, B¹, working in the cylinders A, A¹, and provided at
their outer ends with valves 1, , through which the water entering the pistons
through holes a, can escape into the cylinders A A¹
Below the cylinder C, are the eduction valves E E' arranged in chambers, g, g¹,
and connected together so that the closing of one insures the opening of the other.
These valves control the passage from the chambers g, g¹, to the intermediate
chamber g, from which leads the discharge or exhaust pipe g³. To the eduction
valves E E¹, are connected auxiliary pistons i, , which work in small
cylinders a¹, a³.
The arrangement of the induction valves H, the valve-casing H', containing
seats d, d, and the inlet pipe H2 is the same as before described, but to the
opposite ends of the induction valve-piece H, are connected auxiliary pistons
m, m', which work in small cylinders.n, n. The auxiliary cylinders a¹, n, and
a², n¹, are connected by ports or passages o, o', so that the water will act with
equal pressure upon thom.
I', designates an air chamber which is connected with pressure boxes or
chambers 62, 63, by means of pipes, c. Water can pass under pressure from
either pump cylinder A or A¹, through valves d², d³, and thence through the pipes
c, c, into the air-chamber I¹ and therefore I maintain in said air-chamber a
pressure equal to that due to the head to which water is delivered by the two
pump pistons B, B¹
Communication between the pressure boxes or chambers 62, 63, and the ports or,
passages o, o¹, is controlled by valves c2, es, which are normally held closed by the
pressure in the boxes 62, 63 but which project into the cylinder C, so that the
piston D can abut against them to open them. When either valve e², e³ is opened
water passes from one or other of the pressure boxes 62, 63, into one or other of the
ports o, o¹, and then acts on the auxiliary pistons i m to shift the induction and
eduction valves, toward the right or on the pistons i m¹, to shift said valves toward
the left hand.
When the parts are in the position shown water is passing into the cylinder C,
on the left hand of the piston D, to force the piston toward the right and at the
same time is passing through the holes a into the hollow piston B, and outward
through the valve into the pump cylinder A to fill the latter. The valve E¹ is
now open so that water can exhaust from the right hand side of the piston D, out
at the pipe g. In this connection it should be borne in mind that by means of
the valves d³ d³ a pressure equal to that due to the height to which water is forced
by the pump will be maintained in the pressure boxes 62 6³, and in the air-
chamber I¹.
As the piston D, approaches the end of its movement towards the right, it
strikes the valve e and opening the latter allows water under high pressure to
escape from the pressure box or chamber 63, into the passage o¹ whence it flows
into the auxiliary cylinders a n¹ and acts upon the auxiliary pistons i, m'. The
latter piston is somewhat larger relatively to its valve and will therefore be moved
first, moving the piece H away from the seat .d' and towards the seat d and

page_text: admitting water to the right hand side of the piston D, after which the piston 2¹
will be moved to close the valve E¹ and open the valve E. The water pressure on
the left side of the piston D being now relieved the piston will be caused to make
its return stroke.
The valves e e³ have their stems of angular cross section or grooved for part of
their length as shown so as to allow water to pass them and consequently when
said valves are closed they place the passages o o¹ in communication with the
cylinder C. Hence when the water pressure acts on the auxiliary pistons i m¹
the water can exhaust from the auxiliary cylinders a¹ n, through the passage o and
valve e into the cylinder C, and when the pistons im are acted on water can
exhaust in like manner from the cylinders as, m¹, through the passage o¹ and
valve into the cylinder C.
In Figure 4 I have represented a double-acting engine which may be employed
for working pumps or for other kinds of work. In this case C designates the
engine cylinder and D the piston thereof which transmits power through the
rod D³.
The arrangement of the induction valves H the valve chest or casing H³,
provided with seats d d¹ and the inlet pipe H is the same as before described and
from the valve casing water passes through either seat and into the passage or
chamber e or e¹. Opposite the ends of the induction valves are arranged rods ƒ ƒ³,
which are each adapted to slide in a bearing f' and are moved away from the
valves by springs f³ acting between the bearing and the collar f of each rod.
Said rods are connected with the upper ends of levers or pivoted rocker arms J, J¹,
which are fulcrumed at g' and the lower ends of which are acted upon by push
pins or plungers h³ ³ extending from the chambers e e¹ through the heads of the
cylinder C and against which the piston D may strike. Each pin or plunger has
a hole through it and when in the position, shown where they are normally
maintained by the springs f" or into which position they are forced by the pressure
in the chambers e, e¹, these holes afford communication between the chambers, e, e¹,
and the cylinder C.
The eduction valves E E¹ are connected together or push against one another
and are arranged in chambers g, g¹, which communicate with the intermediate
chamber g from which leads the outlet or exhaust pipe g³. With the eduction
valves are connected auxiliary pistons which work in cylinders a¹, a², and
these cylinders are constructed with side openings 1, and intermediate guides 2, so
that when the auxiliary piston is moved into the position of the piston i, the water
can pass freely from the chamber e into the chamber g and thence to the
cylinder C.
When the parts are in the position shown water can pass freely from the inlet
pipe H into the chamber e, and thence through the auxiliary cylinder a¹ into the
cylinder C, to force the piston D, toward the right, the valve E being at the same
time open so that the water can exhaust from the right hand side of the piston D,
through the valve E' and out at the discharge pipe 93. This operation continues
until the piston D, strikes the plunger and when it does this, the plunger is
moved to cover its port hand cut off communication between the chamber e¹, and
cylinder C and by its movement it acts on the rocker arm or lever J¹, and pushing
in the rod f against the valve-piece H, moves the said valve piece away from its
seat d' and allows water to enter the chamber c¹. As soon as the induction
valves H move over sufficiently to restrict the flow of water through the seat d,
and slightly open the seat & the water pressure from the pipe H2 acts upon the
right hand end of the piece H and throws it over onto the seat & shutting off the
supply of water to the left hand side of the piston D. The action of the piston D,
on the plunger h³ and through the rocker arm J¹ and rod fo serves only to start
the valve-piece H from its seat d and slightly open said seat, and the movement
of the valve piece H over onto the seat dis accomplished by the pressure of water
from the pipe H. During the passage of the valve-piece H, from one seat to the
other, the water pressure per square inch on the closed eduction valve E and on

page_text: the right hand side of the auxiliary piston i is equal and because of the greater
area of the valve E it is still held to its seat until the valve piece H completes its
movement. If there were now a very slight leakage past the piston D, the pressure
on the valve, E, would be relieved as there is no water entering on that side and
the pressure on the auxiliary piston, 2, would at once move it and effect the
closing of the eduction valve, E', and the opening of the opposite valve, E, without
further increasing the pressure. If such a leakage is deemed desirable, it may be
provided for by grooving the cylinder, C, as shown dotted at . If, on the
contrary, the piston, D, is absolutely tight, the pressure on the auxiliary piston, ¹,
will immediately increase by reason of the momentum of the column of water in
the pipe H, which after the valve piece, H, is closed on the seat, d, has no outlet
until the piston, i¹, moves; or by reason of the momentum of the flywheel of the
pump which supplies water through the pipe, H2, and such increased pressure on
the piston, will overcome the pressure on the valve, E, and open the latter, and
at the same time close the valve, E. A free exhaust is thus provided from the
left hand end of the cylinder, C, and the water from the chamber or passage, e¹,
entering the right hand end of the cylinder, C, through the auxiliary cylinder, a*,
will effect the return stroke of the piston, D.
I have here shown the valve seats for the valves, E, E³, as formed in casings or
cylinders, ³, which are but slightly larger than the valves, and at a short
distance beyond the valve seats are formed with side openings, 1 like those
before described. This is advantageous, because when one of the auxiliary pistons,
the piston, ¹, for example, has moved sufficient to enable it to open the passage
into the cylinder, C, the valve E¹, will have nearly covered the openings
seat and will have nearly stopped the flow of water, although it can still
enough before it finally seats to allow a free water passage through the
cylinder, a, and past the auxiliary piston, ¹, to admit water to act
piston, D.
in its
ve far
kiliary
on the
The pistons,,, on entering their cylinders, a², a², will be cushioned to some
extent by the water in the chambers, e, e¹; the amount of cushioning depending
on the amount of leakage through the apertures, , in the plungers h², h³.
In Figures 5 and 6 I have represented a very simple form of hydraulic engine
which may be employed for any kind of work. C, designates the cylinder, D, the
piston of the engine from which motion is transmitted through the piston rod, D2.
This piston rod, D, should be employed in connection with a crank through which
it transmits motion, and a fly wheel upon the crank shaft as will be well under-
stood by any one familiar with engines, and the valves of this engine are
automatically shifted by the momentum of the fly wheel which is operated from
the piston rod, D2, without the necessity of any mechanical connections between
the crank shaft of the engine and the valves. The induction valve-piece H, like
those before described, is adapted to move between the valve seats, d, d¹ to control
the passage of water from the inlet pipe, H2, to the chambers, e, e¹, which are in
direct communication with the ends of the cylinder, C. Near the ends of the
cylinder, C, are discharge or exhaust ports, k², k³, which cominunicate with
chambers, g, g, containing the eduction valves, E, E¹, which control the passage of
water to the intermediate chamber, g², from which leads the exhaust outlet, g³.
The valves, E, E², are connected together so that the closing of one insures the
opening of the other, and with them are connected auxiliary pistons, i, il preferably
of smaller area than the valves, working in auxiliary cylinders, a², a³, to which
passages, o, o¹, lead from the ends of the cylinder, C. The ports, k, k³, are arranged
at such a distance from the ends of the cylinder that the piston, D, will cover them
as it terminates its stroke but will not cover the passages, o, o. In the drawing,
the valve-piece, H, is moved away from the seat, d, and water passes freely from
the pipe, H2, into the chamber, e and thence to the cylinder, C, forcing the piston, D,
toward the right. During this time the eduction valve, El, is open and water can
escape freely from the right hand side of the piston, D. As soon as the piston, D,

page_text: in its movement passes the port, ³, the exhaust is cut off and the pressure of
water on the right hand side of the piston is increased instantly by the further
movement of the piston produced by the flywheel with which it is to be connected,
and acts on the right hand end of the valve piece, H, and on the auxiliary
piston, ¹. The valve piece, H, having equal area at each end is moved first and
is thrown over onto the seat d, opening the water supply to the passage, e¹, and
right hand side of the piston, D. The auxiliary piston, 1, is also moved to close
the valve, E', and open the valve, E, and the slight movement of the piston, D,
towards the right after the valve piece, H, is closed against the seat, d, produces a
sudden decrease of pressure on the valve, E, which will allow of its opening
instantly.
This engine might be provided with an air chamber connected with the pipe, H2,
close to the valve casing, H₁, and then the excess of water displaced by the
liston, D, after the port, ³, is covered and beyond what is required to move the
valve piece, H, will be driven back for the moment into the air chamber before
mentioned. This air chamber, however, is not essential to my invention. The
crank shaft and fly wheel with which the piston rod, D2, is to be connected may
be made to turn in either direction. It will only be necessary to turn the wheel
manually for one half a turn in the direction desired, and it will then continue to
rotate in that direction.
The engine shown in Figures 7 and 8, is like that shown in Figure 4, except
that instead of the rods, f, f³, the levers, J, J¹, and the plungers, h³, h³, for shifting
the valve piece, H, I employ pistons or plungers, K, K', working in cylinders 12, 13,
which communicate with the water passages or chambers, e, e¹, and are pushed
toward the cylinder, C, by springs, m². These-pistons have aperatures, h, through
them as have the plungers, ², ³, so as to permit the escape of water from the
passage, e, or, e¹, when the auxiliary piston, i, or i¹ is moved into its cylinder.
When the piston, D, in its movement toward the right strikes the piston or
plunger, K¹, it will move the latter and cause an increase of pressure in the water
chamber or passage, el, sufficient to start the induction valve-piece, H, in its
movement toward the seat, d.
In all the examples of my invention above described, I have shown, with slight
differences in form, but one kind of induction and eduction valves, but obviously
valves of other forms may be used provided they are adapted to operate substan-
tially as above described. The combination of the induction valve-piece, H, with
the casings containing seats, d, d¹, and each comprising a cylindric portion close to
the seat, and openings, 1, beyond or inwards of the cylindric portion is. very
desirable, because, by the time the valve in moving begins to uncover the
openings, 1, adjacent to one seat it has nearly covered the openings adjacent to the
other seat and has nearly shut off the supply of water through the last mentioned
seat, although it has considerable movement before finally seating. By this means
I am better enabled to utilize the pressure of water directly from the supply pipe
. for completing the movement of the induction valves after their initial movement.
The eduction valves are always connected or so constructed that the closing of
one effects the opening of the other and they will always open inward relatively to
the ends of the cylinder which they control, or in other words, in the opposite
direction to that in which water flows through them.
'
By way of recapitulation and to better explain the principles that govern the
changing of the induction valve-piece, H, I will state that it is changed by the
greater pressure in the passage, e, or, e¹, than in the other, and that this greater
pressure is produced at the proper times in this wise. The water passing for
example through the seat, d, and passage, e, acts upon the left hand side of the
piston, D, and when it drives this piston so far to the right that the piston, F¹,
penetrates the cylinder, G₁, in Figures 1 and 2, or that the plunger, h³, is driven
into the chamber, e, in Figure 4, or the plunger, K¹, into the cylinder, 1³, in
Figure 7, the water in the passage.el becomes confined and shut off from the right

page_text: band end of the cylinder, C; and consequently from communication through it
with the exhaust through the valvė, E', that is then open.
Whenever the water becomes so confinéd in the passage, e¹, it exerts a pressure
upon the smaller plunger or piston and through it a backward pressure on the
piston, D, or, D¹, and in effect reduces the area of that piston for driving purposes
by an amount equal to the area of the piston penetrating into the passage, el.
Whenever this occurs a momentary slowing of the main piston takes place which
causes the pressure on the pipe, H', to suddenly increase, first by the momentum of
the suddenly checked water column: secondly, by the reduction in the friction of
water flowing through the pipe and thirdly, by momentum of the fly wheel of the
force pump, if such a pump be used to force water through the pipe, H. This
increase in pressure serves to continue the movement of the piston notwithstanding
the reduction in effective area, until the valve piece, H, is driven over onto the
seat, d, by the water confined in the passage, el, or by the lever, J, in Figure 4, or
by either, of these forces starting the valve piece, H, from its seat, d', and the
pressure of water from the pipe, H2, completing the movement of the valve piece as
soon as it is started from its seat, d¹.
:
Practical experience with one of these engines has shown that water obtained
under pressure directly from city mains will serve to drive and reverse the engine
without the aid of a fly wheel pump.
In Figure 5 when the piston, D, passes the opening, k³, and confines the water.
in the passage, e¹, the full area of the piston is exposed to the backward pressure in
that passage and consequently any increase of pressure in the pipe, H³, acts equally
on both sides of the piston and does not serve to move it further against the
confined water in the passage, c', to open the valve piece, H, therefore a fly wheel
connected with the piston rod, D2, of that engine is necessary so that its momentum
acting directly upon the rod D, and piston, D, will continue the movement of the
piston, D, sufficient to change the valve piece, H, and reverse the stroke.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The combination with the cylinder and piston of a double-acting
hydraulic engine, and induction valves therefor, of eduction valves independent
of the induction valves, opening in a direction opposite, to that in which water
flows through them and connected together, as described, so that the closing of one
insures the opening of the other, and auxiliary pistons connected with the eduction
valves and on which the pressure of water acts alternately to shift said valves;
substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Second. The combination with the cylinder and piston of a double-acting
hydraulic engine, of induction valves closing in the direction in which water flows
through them and connected together so that the closing of one insures the opening
of the other, eduction valves independent of the induction valves, opening in a
direction opposite to that in which water flows through them and connected
together so that the closing of one insures the opening of the other, auxiliary
pistons connected with the eduction valves and operative by water pressure to
shift said valves, and means substantially as herein described, whereby at each
termination of the stroke of the main piston, an increased water pressure is
produced on the induction valve which is then closed to effect the opening
movement of said valve; substantially as herein set forth.
Third. The combination with the main cylinder and piston of a double-acting
engine, of an induction chamber, intermediate chambers between the ends of the
cylinder and the induction chamber, and eduction chambers communicating with
the ends of the cylinder, induction valves opening outward from the intermediate
chambers and connected together so that the closing movement of one produces
the opening movement of the other, eduction valves opening inwards relatively to

page_text: the eduction chambers and connected so that the closing of one insures the opening
of the other, and pistons connected with the eduction valves and working within
bores or small cylinders in the partitions between the intermediate chambers and
the eduction chambers, and connections through which the main piston, as it nears
the end of its stroke, acts to start one of the induction valves from its seat, all
organized substantially as shown in Figure 4 of the drawing; as and for the
purpose described.