A MACHINE TO MANUFACTURE CONICAL PAPER AND OTHER BAGS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Shaw, of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Mechanic, for the Invention of "A MACHINE TO MANUFACTURE
CONICAL PAPER AND OTHER BAGS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Shaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1858.
I, JOHN SHAW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MACHINE TO MANU-
FACTURE CONICAL PAPER AND OTHER BAGS," to be as follows:-
The machine consists of a table or plane.
The first movement in this machine consists of a shaft working in suitable
bearings; this shaft has two pulleys upon it, one a fast, the other a loose one,
over which a belt works to give motion to the machine. On this shaft there
is a pinion which turns a wheel, which is called the second movement; this
wheel is also attached to a shaft working in suitable bearings. On the shaft
of the second movement there is a crank and connecting rod attached, which
gives motion to the feeder.
At the end of the table is a roll of paper of any suitable width, this paper.
passes through a folder, which folds a seam, the paper then passes between

page_text: the two feed rollers, one above and the other below the table, and is conveyed
along a plane. In passing along this plane it reaches the gum apparatus
which is composed of two pulleys, which are connected by a circular elastic
band or other belt; between the two shafts is a gum or paste trough. The
elastic cord or belt passes round the upper pulley in a spherical form, by
which means one part of the cord or belt is always in the trough conveying
the gum or paste to the paper; these pulleys work on a single bearing,
receiving motion from the top roller of the feed motion.
The paper
is delivered on a square or oblong form to the knife or shears,
after which, by means of a tappit on the shaft of the second movement, it is
severed either by shears or a circular knife. A groove is placed. at an angle
of 45° or other angle, the creaser is then brought upon the paper at the angle
required, by which means it is conveyed through the groove on to two rollers
placed at the same angle as above described, to an endless belt, and delivered
complete from the machine.
The creaser or folder above mentioned is moved by a tappitt placed in a
suitable position on the shaft of the second movement. There is also a groove
pulley on the shaft of the second movement, which works two rollers placed at
the angle mentioned above. There is also a cylinder on the shaft of the
second movement, which works an endless belt for conveying the bags from
the machine.
Both of the rollers before mentioned are prepared to receive type or other
device for printing or embossing the bags.
In the feed motion, which consists of two rollers, one a large and the other
a smaller one, there is an endless belt passing over a large roller and under
the gumming apparatus, which is to facilitate the passage of the paper from
the roll along the plane to the knife or shears to the groove.
MODE OF OPERATION.
A coil of paper is brought to the machine; the paper is folded on one side
to form the seam, it then passes through two feed rollers, which can be
adjusted to form bags of any size; the paper then receives the gum or paste
on the seam, and is cut into a square form and then folded by a creaser at an
angle of 45 degrees, or any other degree that may be required. The creaser
folds the two opposite sides of the paper together, and passes it through a
groove in the table and delivers it to two rollers, which in revolving form the
bag, and deliver it by means of an endless belt complete.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Shaw in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
SHAW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Shaw, Her special licence that I, the said John Shaw, my
executors, administrators, and assigus, or such others as I, the said John
Shaw, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree.
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, an Invention for "A MACHINE TO MANU-
FACTURE CONICAL PAPER AND OTHER BAGS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Shaw, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Şeal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Shaw, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
This Invention consists in a novel arrangement and combination for folding
paper or paper lined with linen, cotton, or other suitable textile material for
the seams or joinings of bags; in certain means of conveying the paper so
folded to the apparatus by which it is to be gummed or pasted; in the
ancans of pasting or gumming the parts which require to be united; in
the means of cutting the paper to the required form after the same has been
gummed; of the means of doubling or lapping together the parts required to
be united to form a bag; and in a certain combination of folding, conveying,
pasting, cutting, doubling, and pressing apparatuses, and a combination of the
whole of the said apparatuses, whereby a machine is produced which takes in
paper, or paper lined with linen, cotton, or other suitable textile material by

page_text: one continuous action, and delivers bags therefrom in a finished state. The
machine is of an oblong square shape, and is made of iron, except in such
parts thereof as are herein-after said to be made of other materials.
The accompanying Drawings represent a machine embracing all the
features of my Invention. The Drawing marked Number 1, I call the
ground plan of the machine; the Drawing marked Number 2 is a side
elevation; the Drawing marked Number 3 represents a movement which I
call an indefinite feed movement. The letters and cyphers herein contained
refer to and represent the Figures appearing in the said several Drawings,
respectively marked by the same letters and cyphers.
The Figure marked a represents the frame of the machine; the Figure
marked I represents an horizontal shaft working in the sides of the machine,
and at right angles therewith, which I call the first motion; the Figures
marked and represent two pullies placed on the said shaft marked I,
outside the said frame a.
The pully represented by the Figure marked b¹ is loose on the said shaft I;
the said pully marked 62 is fastened to the said shaft I. The function of the
last-mentioned pully is to convey to the machine by means of a driving strap
the power required to drive the machine, which strap is passed over it when
the machine is at work, and the function of the said pully marked 6' is to
receive the said straps when the machine is thrown out of geer. The
Figure represents a fly wheel. On the said shaft marked I there is
attached a pinion wheel, represented by the Figure marked 2; this pinion
wheel drives a wheel represented by the Figure marked 3, attached to an hori-
zontal shaft working in the said frame parallel with the said shaft marked I,
and represented by the Figure marked II, which I call the second motion.
The Figure marked 4 represents a bevil wheel attached to the end of the said
shaft marked I outside of the said frame. The said bevil wheel drives
another bevil wheel, represented by the Figure marked 5, which is attached
to an oblique shaft, represented by the Figure marked 7. The said oblique
shaft 7 is supported and worked through two brackets attached to the outside
of the said frame a, and respectively represented by the Figures marked 7ª.
The Figure marked 8 represents a worm attached to the lower part of said
shaft marked 7. The said worm 8 works or drives a worm wheel, repre-
sented by the Figure marked 9. The said worm wheel marked 9 is attached
to the shaft of a pair of rollers, which I call presser rollers, and which are
respectively represented by the Figures marked 10 and 11.
On the said shaft marked II, respectively represented by the Figures
marked 12, and 12, and 12b, are attached three tappets. The function of

page_text: the said tappet marked 12 is to work two levers, respectively represented
by the Figures marked C and C', which said levers communicate the motion
from the said tappit marked 12 to the blade of a knife, represented by the
Figure marked 32, to the heel of which blade the superior end of the said
lever C is attached by a double joint, and which said blade is worked by
raising and depressing the same in the action of cutting the paper to be
manufactured into bags.
The function of the said tappets, respectively marked 12", is to work two
levers, respectively represented by the Figures marked d and d¹, which com-
municate the motion thereof to a steel doubling blade, represented by the
Figure marked 44, in its action of doubling and introducing the paper
intended for bags between two doubling rollers, respectively represented by
the Figures marked 38 and 39, and herein-after more particularly described.
On the end of the said shaft marked II, outside of the said frame, is
attached a crank motion, represented by the Figure marked 17.
The Figure marked 18 represents a connecting rod connected at one end
thereof by a fulcrum pin to the said crank motion marked 17, which con-
necting rod 18 communicates motion from the said crank motion 17 to a
movement which I call an indefinite feed movement. The said indefinite
feed movement consists of an internal disk, represented by the Figure 19,
which disk is attached to and drives an horizontal shaft working in the said
frame a parallel with the said shaft marked I, and is represented by the
Figure marked III, and which I call the third motion. The said indefinite
feed movement consists also of a lever, represented by the Figure marked 19",
connected at one end thereof by a fulcrum pin to the said connecting rod
marked 18. Through the other end of the said lever 19 is made a square
eye, in which is fastened a pin, represented by the Figure marked 19°, of a
square form to the extent of the depth of the said eye, and from thence the said
pin is of a circular form to the extent of its passage through another eye
in a lever represented by the Figure marked 19%, and from the said last-
mentioned eye the said pin is formed as a tappit, represented by the Figure
marked 19d.
On the edge of the said lever marked 19b is projected a wing at a right
angle towards the internal disk marked 19h. Through this wing a screw
hole is made into which a screw is fitted, which is screwed through the hole
towards the lever marked 19*. The purpose of this screw is to force back
the said lever marked 19, when the lever marked 19b is drawn back by
the said connecting rod marked 18. The said indefinite feed movement
consists also of a piston represented by the Figure marked 19°, and of

page_text: a spiral spring represented by the Figure marked. 19. The said shaft
marked III is projected through the centre of the said internal disk 19,
on which projection is placed in the inside of the said internal disk 19
the said lever marked 19ª, which lever is allowed free motion round the
said shaft III. On the side of the lever 19, facing the said internal disk,
there are two wings projecting at right angles towards the face of the said
disk, respectively represented by the Figures marked 195. Through the said
wings marked 195 there is an eye through which the said piston is to be
worked. The form of the piston is round, with a bottom of an oblong square
shape, which bottom is indented and made of the same sphere as the sphere of
the interior edge of the said internal disk 19, which it works. The various
parts constituting the said indefinite feed movement are put together in a
working order in the following manner, that is to say-The said pin marked
19 is passed through the said eye in the said lever 19, in which it is allowed
free motion. It is then passed through the square eye of the said lever
marked 19", and fastened thereto by a nut. The said spiral spring marked 19
is then introduced perpendicularly in the space between the upper and lower
of the said two wings 195, on the lower one of which wings it rests. The
said piston. 19° is then passed through the eye of the lower of the said
wings marked 195, and thence through the centre of the said spiral spring
marked 19' to and through the eye of the upper of the said wings 195, where
it comes in contact with the said tappit marked 19d. The said piston marked
19 is then supported in the said eyes in the said wings 198 by passing
pin through it, which pin rests over the superior end of the said spiral spring
marked 19.
a
This being effected, the said tappet motion 19d formed on the said pin
marked 19, as aforesaid, being immediately above and in contact with the
superior extremity of the said piston 19°, works it by depressing it through
the eyes in the said wings 19% of the said lever 19ª against the inside edge of
the said internal disk 19 once in each revolution of the said crank motion
marked 17, and such piston, while it remains so pressed against the inside of
the edge of the said internal disk marked 19, makes it follow the movement of
the said connecting rod marked 18, until the same connecting rod by the
action of the said crank motion 17 draws back the said levers 19" and 19º,
when the pressure of the said tappit marked 19d is removed from the superior
extremity of the said piston marked 19°, and such piston is raised by the said
spiral spring marked 19', and becomes disengaged from the interior edge of
the said internal disk marked 19.
The Figure marked 20 represents a slot in the disk of the said crank

page_text: motion marked 17, the function of which is to lengthen or shorten the stroke
of the said levers 19° and 19b, on the length of which stroke depends the size
of the bag in the course of manufacture.
The said shaft marked III carries and drives a cylinder represented by the
Figure marked A. On the said shaft marked III is fixed a wheel represented by
the Figure marked B, which it also carries and drives. The said wheel B works
in connection with and drives a pinion wheel represented by the Figure marked
D attached to a breast roller, represented by the Figure marked C, which is sup-
ported in brackets attached to the surface of the said frame a, and respectively
represented by the Figures marked 21. The Figure marked E represents a
pinion wheel fixed to an horizontal shaft represented by the Figure marked. K,
working in a lever represented by the Figure marked Z, which lever is sup-
ported in a bracket represented by the Figure marked Y, and which bracket
is attached to a board laid on the surface of the said frame a, and represented
by the Figure marked P. The Figure marked G represents another pinion
wheel placed in connection with the said wheels D and E, and receiving its
motion from the said wheel marked D, and communicating such motion to the
said wheel marked E, which said wheel E drives the gumming apparatus
herein-after described.
The Figure marked 22 represents an upright spring attached to the surface
of the said frame a, and crosses the said lever marked Z in contact therewith
near to the end thereof. On the side of the said spring 22, which is in contact
with the lever Z, it has two projecting teeth at right angles therewith. The
gumming apparatus consists of a trough, represented by the Figure marked N
supported by a bracket attached to the surface of the said frame marked a,
represented by the Figure marked M of a wheel fixed in and working in the
inside and near the bottom of the said trough N, represented by the Figure
marked L of wheels supported by and working in brackets, forming part of the
said trough N, and respectively represented by the Figures marked L' and L*
of a gumming wheel, represented by the Figure marked J fixed to the said
shaft marked K, and of an endless tape or band represented by the Figure
marked Q. The function of the said bracket marked M is to support the
gumming trough and the superior part of the said gumming apparatus. The
function of the gumming or adhesive trough N is to contain the gum or other
adhesive matter to be applied to the paper on the part thereof intended to
form the seam or joining of the bags. The function of the said several wheels
marked L, L, L, and J is to convey by means of the said endless bands
marked the gumming or adhesive matter from the trough N, and apply it
to the paper on such seam or joining, which operation is effected by passing

page_text: such endless band under the said gumming wheel marked J, over the said
wheels marked L' and L2, and under the said wheel marked L.
The Figures respectively marked C' represent brackets attached to a board
represented by the Figure marked P¹, lying on the surface of the said frame
marked a, which brackets support a paper reel represented by the Figure
marked R, the function of which reel is to contain a coil of paper intended to
be manufactured into bags. The Figure marked R¹ represents a wooden
roller on which the said coil of paper on the said reel R rests. The function
of the said roller R¹ is to ease the passage of the paper from the reel to and
through the machine.
The Figure marked S represents a folder attached to the surface of the said
board P¹; it is made of wood, and formed in a screw shape in the inner part
thereof, where one margin of the paper coming from the said coil comes in
contract therewith, so as to turn up such margin and double it to form a seam
intended for the joinings of the bags. There is a tin plate fixed to the said
board marked P¹ at the opposite side to the folder, at such a sufficient distance
from the said board as to allow the paper coming from the said reel R to pass
thereunder through the said folder S. The function of the said tin plate is to
hold the paper down in a suitable position while the same is undergoing the
folding process, and to prevent such paper escaping from the said folder S.
The function of the said breast roller C is to press down the seam made by
the folder S, and to assist in forwarding the paper in the machine.
The function of the said cylinder A is in connection with the breast roller
to convey or forward the paper coming from the said reel R to and under the
said gumming wheel J. The function of the said spring 22 is to keep the
gumming wheel marked J down in its proper working position when the
machine is at work, which is effected by placing the said lever Z between
the said projecting teeth of the said spring 22, and to hold up the said
gumming wheel J when it may be desirable, which is effected by placing the
lever under the said projecting teeth.
The Figure marked 23 represents an endless band or apron which is passed
round the said cylinder A between two horizontal rollers, respectively repre-
sented by the Figures marked 24 and 25, fixed in the said frame a, and
parallel with the said cylinder A, over an horizontal wooden roller working
in the said frame parallel with the said cylinder, and represented by the
Figure marked 26, under another wooden roller working in brackets attached
to the said frame a and parallel with the said cylinder A, and represented by
the Figure marked 27, and also under a wooden roller working in the said
frame parallel with the said cylinder marked A, and represented by the

page_text: Figure marked 28. The function of the said endless band or apron is to
assist in conveying the paper from the said reel marked R through the said
Folder S, to and under the said breast roller marked C and gumming wheel
marked J respectively, and thence to and between the said rollers respectively
marked 24 and 25, to the knife after described.
The Figures respectively marked 29 represent two arms, part of the said
frame marked a. The Figures respectively marked 30 represent wheels, to
the centre whereof respectively is attached a screw at a right angle therewith
respectively.
The brackets respectively marked 27* are let into slots in the said arms 29.
The said screws on the wheels respectively marked 30, are respectively intro-
duced in eyes made in the extremity of the said arms 29, and are respectively
therein screwed into nuts made in the bottom of the said brackets marked 27.
The function of the said screws is to tighten when necessary the said endless
band or apron marked 23. The said roller marked 24 is constructed so that
the same shall not extend over that part of the paper on which the gum is
applied by the gumming wheel J, in order that it may not remove the gum
therefrom.
The knife consists of a flat steel plate, represented by the Figure marked
31, which is placed on the frame of the machine at right angles therewith.
This plate is moveable on a centre thereon, represented by the Figure
marked 33, at which centre it is attached to the said frame marked a.
The said knife consists also of a blade represented by the Figure marked 32.
The said blade 32 is supported by a fulcrum pin fixed to a bracket attached to
the said plate 81, and represented by the Figure marked 34. The said blade
32 works on a fulcrum pin in combination with the said plate marked 81, on
the principle of scissors in the cutting of the paper of the size required in the
course of manufacturing bags. The function of the said centre marked 33 is
to vary the position of the knife, so as to make it cut the paper at various
angles suitable to the particular angle which may be desired or required in
the formation of the bag for the time being in manufacture.
The said lever marked C is at its inferior end connected to the said lever
marked C by a fulcrum pin. The form of the said lever marked C¹ is a
fragment of a circle, of which the centre is laid in the said centre marked 33.
The object of this construction of the said lever marked C¹ is to enable the
position of the place at which it is connected with the said lever marked C, to
be varied according to the position of the knife. The said lever marked C' is
supported and worked on a stud fixed in the said frame a, and represented by
the Figure marked 35.

page_text: The doubling apparatus consists of a box represented by the Figure 36,
which rests on the surface of the said frame a at an angle therewith of 45
degrees. The position of the said box marked 36 is moveable by means of
slots respectively represented by the Figures marked 37, through which said
slots it is attached to the frame of the machine. The doubling apparatus also
consists of two rollers, respectively represented by the Figures marked 38 and
39, which rollers are supported by and worked in the ends of the interior of
the said box 36 parallel to each other and to the sides of the said box, and
they are driven by two pinion wheels represented by the Figures respectively
marked 40 and 41, working in connection with each other, one of which
pinion wheels is attached to one end of each of the said rollers 38 and 39
respectively; the said rollers 38 and 39 are placed as near to each other as
can be, allowing only such a sufficient space between them as will permit the
bags to pass between them, and they are also so placed that the line in which
they are nearest each other is always placed perpendicularly under the doubling
blade marked 44. The doubling apparatus further consists of the said
doubling blade 44, which is attached by each of its ends to the superior ends
of the said lever d, which are respectively passed in and worked through
busses attached to the said wings of the said box 36.
The said levers respectively marked d are connected to and worked by the
levers respectively represented by the Figures marked d', which receive their
motion from the said tappits respectively marked 12ª, and which levers
marked dare supported and worked on studs fixed inside of the said
frame a.
The doubling apparatus further consists of a wheel represented by the Figure
marked d' fixed on the said shaft marked I of a wheel represented by the Figure
marked d³, fixed outside of the said box 36 to the end of the shaft of and
which drives one of the said doubling rollers 39 of the wheel represented
by the Figure marked d³, supported by and working on a bracket represented
by the Figure marked do, which bracket is moveable on a stud attached to
the said frame marked a, and is represented by the Figure marked d³ of an
endless strop which is passed over the said wheels respectively marked d³, d³
and d. The function of the said endless strop is to communicate the motion
received from the said wheel a', with the said doubling rollers 40 and 41,
which is effected by passing such endless strop tightly over the said wheels d*,
ds, and d, respectively. The function of the wheel d³ is to vary the tension
of the said endless bands by means of the bracket do, and stud d³. The
function of the said slots respectively marked 37, is to enable the said box
marked 36, together with the said doubling rollers marked 38 and 39

page_text: contained therein, and also the doubling blade marked 44 attached thereto
as aforesaid, to be moved as occasion may require to any angle with the said
frame a, suitable and appropriate to the angle at which the knife may, for the
time being, be placed, to cut the paper so as to form a bag of any particular
shaped conc. The function of the doubling blade 44 is to double and intro-
duce the paper after the same has been gummed and cut the proper size and
shape into and between the rollers 38 and 39. The function of the said
rollers 88 and 39 is to receive the bags from the doubling blade, and to press
the seam or joining thereof together, and deliver the bags on the delivery
apron. The Figure marked 46 represents an endless band or apron called the
delivery apron.
The Figures respectively marked 47 and 48 represent horizontal wooden
rollers supported and worked in the said frame a, and at right angles therewith.
The roller marked 47 is fixed on the said shaft marked II. The said roller
marked 48 is supported and worked in slots in the said frame a, parallel with
the said shaft II. The purpose of the said slots is to permit the said roller 48
to be moved so as to tighten the said delivery apron 46. The function of the
delivery apron 46 is to receive the bags from the said doubling rollers 38 and
39, and to carry them to and between the said presser rollers 10 and 11,
which said presser rollers discharge the bags from the machine in a complete
manufactured state. The Figures marked F are weights, the purport of
which is to regulate the pressure of the presser rollers on the bags on their
passage between them. The Figures marked in blue represent the paper
coming from the said coil and passing through the machine. The bags made
by this machine may consist of paper alone, or of paper lined with linen,
cotton, or other textile material.
The operation of the machine is as follows, that is to say, the end of the
paper coiled on the ree! R is placed, by the person attending the machine,
over the roller R', and between the tin plate and the said board P¹, where it
is forwarded to the folder S, which turns up one margin thereof to form a
seam or joining as aforesaid. From the folder the paper is forwarded between
the cylinder A and breast roller E, which carry the paper on and forward it to
the gumming wheel J, where it receives the gum or adhesive matter on the
part thereof intended to form the seam or joining of the bags; from the said
gumming wheel J the paper is forwarded, by the means before mentioned, to
and between the said rollers marked 24 and 25, which rollers assist in
orwarding it to and under the knife, where, after a sufficient length thereof
as passed the knife to form the bag, the blade of the knife 31 descends upon

page_text: it and cuts off the length which has so passed it at an angle suitable to the
particular conical shape and size of the bag for the time being in manufacture.
Immediately after the paper has been so cut by the knife, the doubling
blade 44 descends diagonally upon it, and doubles and introduces it to and
between the doubling rollers 38 and 39, which doubling rollers bring the
margin of the extreme end of the paper on the face of the margin thereof, so
gummed as aforesaid, thereby forming the seam or joining of the bag, and
which said rollers 38 and 39 pass the bag so formed upon the delivery apron
46, which carries it to and between the presser rollers 10 and 11, and which
said last-mentioned rollers deliver the bag from the machine in a complete
manufactured state.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Shaw, have hereunto set my
hand and sool this Ninth day of November in the year of our
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the above-
named John Shaw, in the presence of
C. T. YOUNGMAN,
6, Kings Head Court,
Holborn Hill, London.
JOHN SHAW. (L.S.)