IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS. WHICH IMPROVEMENTS APP ALSO APPLICABLE TO DISTILL ATION AND SURRACE CONDENSATION
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Morton, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the
County of Durham, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN REFRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS. WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
APP ALSO APPLICABLE TO DISTILL ATION AND SURRACE CONDENSATION"
Sealed the 10th June 1870, and dated the 14th December 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Morton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th December 1869.
I, ROBERT MORTON, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIUQIDS, WHICH IM-
PROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO DISTILLATION AND SURFACE CONDENSATION,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in that class of refrigerators
in which flattened, corrugated, or other tubular surfaces are used for
cooling worts or other liquids, or for purposes of distillation or surface
condensation.

page_text: In one arrangement I use flattened tubes of copper or other suitable
metal stiffened internally by means of stays or ribs extending longi-
tudinally throughout their entire length. These tubes are arranged
more
longitudinally in a suitable frame one above another, with their flattened
surfaces fixed at an oblique angle to each other, thus forming a tier of
tubes in zig-zag lines. The frame into which the ends of the tubes are
inserted is formed of suitable plates or tubes of copper or other metal
perforated at proper distances to receive the tubes, which are connected
alternately with hollow caps of brass or other suitable metal secured to
the frame and covering the ends of two or more tubes, thereby forming
a continuous channel for the passage of cold water or other cooling fluid.
Or instead of the flattened tubes I use a tubular surface formed by
soldering or otherwise uniting together longitudinally two or
round tubes; or I use a flat tube having the surface corrugated or
zig-zag. Across the outer surface of each tube I fix at suitable intervals
thin strips of copper for distributing the wort or liquid more evenly over
the surface of the tubes. At the upper and lower end of the frame, and
extending the full length of the tubes, troughs formed of copper or other
suitable material are fixed, the bottom of the upper one being perforated;
the wort or liquid to be cooled is caused to flow into the upper trough,
and escaping through the perforations drops on to the nearest tube, and
passing over its surface falls on to the next tube, and so on from tube to
tube until it falls into the lower trough, whence it may be conveyed as
required. The cold water or other cooling fluid enters the interior of
the tubes at bottom or top as may be preferred by means of force pump
or otherwise, and passing through the entire series flows out at top or
bottom according to arrangement.
In another arrangement I use two rectangular plates, the surfaces of
which are corrugated at an angle oblique to two of the sides; they are
united together by means of bolts or otherwise at the two sides parallel
with the corrugations, whilst the other two sides are open, with suffi-
cient space between the plates for the passage of water or other fluid.
A tube is fixed to each of the open sides communicating with the space
between the plates, and extending the full length of same. The plates
are placed in a vertical position with a trough fixed at top and bottom;
from the upper trough, the bottom of which is perforated, the wort or
other liquid is caused to flow over the external corrugated surface of the
plates into the trough at bottom, whilst the water or other cooling fluid

page_text: is caused to flow into the space between the plates, entering through
one or other of the said tubes as may be preferred, and passing out at
the other.
Although in each arrangement I have described the worts or other
liquids to be cooled as flowing over the external surface of the apparatus,
they may be caused to flow internally instead of externally whilst the
water or other cooling fluid flows over the exterior surface.
In using the apparatus for the purpose of distillation or surface
condensation the vapor or steam is caused to flow inside of the tubes or
plates whilst the cold water or other cooling fluid flows over the external
surface.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Morton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th June 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
MORTON, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Robert Morton, Her special licence
that I, the said Robert Morton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Morton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Mau, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REFRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO DISTILLATION AND SURFACE CONDENSATION," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Morton, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Morton, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in that class of refrigerators in
which flattened, corrugated, or other tubular surfaces are used for
cooling worts or other liquids, or for purposes of distillation or surface
condensation.
In one arrangement I use flattened tubes of copper or other suitable
metal stiffened internally by means of stays or ribs extending longi-
tudinally throughout their entire length. These tubes are arranged
longitudinally in a suitable frame one above another, with their flattened
surfaces fixed at an oblique angle to each other, thus forming a tier of
tubes in zig-zag lines. The frame into which the ends of the tubes are
inserted is formed of suitable plates or tubes of copper or other metal
perforated at proper distances to receive the tubes, which are connected
alternately with hollow caps of brass or other suitable metal secured
to the frame, and covering the ends of two or more tubes, thereby
forming a continuous channel for the passage of cold water or other
cooling fluid. Or instead of the flattened tubes I use a tubular surface
formed by soldering or otherwise uniting together longitudinally two or
more round tubes; or I use a tube having the surface corrugated or
zig-zag. Across the outer surface of each tube I fix at suitable intervals
thin strips of copper for distributing the wort or liquid more evenly over
the surface of the tubes. At the upper and lower end of the frame, and
extending the full length of the tubes, troughs formed of copper or other
suitable material are fixed, the bottom of the upper one being perforated,
the wort or liquid to be cooled is caused to flow into the upper trough,
and escaping through the perforations drops on to the nearest tube, and
passing over its surface falls on to the next.tube, and so on from tube to
tube until it falls into the lower trough, whence it may be conveyed as
required. The cold water or other cooling fluid enters the interior of
the tubes at bottom or top as may be preferred by means of force pump
or otherwise, and passing through the entire series flows out at top or
bottom according to arrangement.

page_text: In another arrangement I use two rectangular plates, the surfaces of
which are corrugated at an angle oblique to two of the sides; they are
united together by means of bolts or otherwise at the two sides parallel
with the corrugations, whilst the other two sides are open with sufficient
space between the plates for the passage of water or other fluid. A tube
is fixed to each of the open sides communicating with the space between
the plates, and extending the full length of same. The plates are
placed in a vertical position with a trough fixed at the top and bottom;
from the upper trough, the bottom of which is perforated, the wort or
other liquid is caused to flow over the external corrugated surface of the
plates into the trough at the bottom, whilst the water or other cooling
fluid is caused to flow into the space between the plates, entering
through one or other of the said tubes as may be preferred, and passing
out at the other.
Although in each arrangement I have described the worts or other
liquids to be cooled as flowing over the external surface of the apparatus,
they may be caused to flow internally instead of externally, whilst the
water or other cooling fluid flows over the exterior surface.
In using the apparatus for the purpose of distillation or surface
condensation the vapor or steam is caused to flow inside of the tubes or
plates, whilst the cold water or other cooling fluid flows over the external
surface.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I
shall now proceed to describe the several illustrative Figures on the
explanatory Sheet of Drawings hereunto attached.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation, and Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
transverse sections of different forms and arrangements of tubular
surfaces which I use.
a, a, are the tubular ways; b, b, caps covering the ends of each sectional
form, by which a continuous channel is formed throughout the entire
series, and being removeable the interior of the surfaces can be readily
cleansed. The wort enters the upper trough c, the bottom of which is
perforated; through these perforations it is evenly distributed over the
surface of the topmost tube, passing from thence it falls on the next,
and so on from tube to tube into the lower trough e. The cold liquor
enters at f, and passing through the entire tubular surface escapes at 9,
as indicated by the arrows.

page_text: Figure 7, longitudinal elevation, and Figure 8 a sectional plan of
another modification of my Invention. In this I use two corrugated
surfaces or plates a, a, arranged at any suitable distance apart, and
have the corrugations at right angles or other angle of inclination to the
longitudinal elevation. The liquor enters the space between the surfaces
through the tube b, and traversing up and down in the direction of the
arrows passes out through the tube b¹. c, c, partitions for dividing the
interior into channels of direction for the liquor. The wort enters the
upper trough c', the bottom of which is perforated, and falling on the
tube b' is distributed evenly over both sides of the corrugated surfaces,
and passes into the lower trough d, thence through the outlet e into
the tuns or other receptacle. On any of these tubular surfaces I fix
distributing plates as may be required. Figure 9 shews some of the
forms which I use. a, a, are the distributing plates.
Figure 10 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 11 a plan of another
modification of my improvements. In this arrangement the surface
plates a, a, are formed in corrugations with an intermediate plate b
between them, thus dividing the channels formed by the upper and
lower plates a, a', from each other; the valleys formed by the corruga-
tions are rivetted or otherwise attached to the plate b. To the bottom d
and top e distributing pieces f, f, are attached, by which the wort is
caused to flow evenly against the corrugated surfaces. The tubular
surface is hinged at g, g, for the purpose of lifting it out of the case for
cleansing; h, h, are hollow caps connecting the liquor ways i, i, alfer-
nately, so as to form a continuous channel throughout; j, j, sustaining
pieces fixed at intervals in the wort ways for supporting the tubular
surface. The wort enters through k, flows in the direction of the arrows,
and passes out at 1. The cooling liquor enters the upper channel i, and
after passing through it returns through the lower channel I', and so on
alternately until it escapes at m, as shewn by the arrows.
Figure 12 shews the cooling apparatus, Figures 10 and 11, fixed
vertically instead of horizontally, and suspended or hinged from the
ends, one of which is shewn at n. O is a rod attached to the foot of the
machine and connected to a crank at the opposite end, by which the
apparatus is caused to oscillate for more rapid refrigeration. p is the
upper trough, through the perforated bottom of which the worts flow
round each side in the direction of the arrows into the lower trough q.
The cooling liquor flows inside of the tubular ways as already described

page_text: in Figs. 10 and 11. This apparatus may be continued longitudinally
to any length required.
Figure 13 shews another form of surface which I sometimes use
instead of that shewn in Fig. 12, likewise the mode of rivetting the
tubular channels and intermediate plate together on an enlarged scale.
Figure 14 shews the serrated edges attached to the Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
and 6, for more even distribution of the worts. Figure 9 shews several
forms of distributing plates attached to the external surface of the several
modifications for a like purpose.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is performed, I claim
as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent,―
Firstly. The general arrangement and construction of tubular surfaces
for cooling liquids, distillation and surface condensation, as herein-
before described and set forth in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The general arrangement and construction of tubular
surfaces for cooling liquids, distillation and surface condensation, as
herein-before described and set forth in Figures 10, 11, 12, and 13 of the
Drawings hereunto attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Morton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of June, in the year of
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
our
ROBERT MORTON. (L.S.)