Filtering or other Purposes.
Year: 1885

page_text: Filtering or other Purposes.
I, AUGUST BREUER, of Duisburg Prussia, German Empire do hereby declare the
nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POROUS
BODIES FOR FILTERING OR OTHER PURPOSES" to be as follows →
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This invention relates to the manufacture of porous bodies from cement or
similar materials, for filtering or other purposes.
J₁
Clay, animal membrane, parchment, paper or the like which have heretofore, been
used for filtering, diffusing and other purposes, fail in many cases to operate,
especially when exposed to the action of caustic liquids.
In order to produce porous bodies capable of being used in such cases, I employ
cement or the like which is treated in such a manner that the necessary porosity
and strength are obtained.
n
If cement, either alone, or combined with sand, is caused to agglomerate by
means of water, a body is formed, which possesses slight porosity at first, this
quality, however, quickly disappears thereby rendering the said body unfit for the
above-mentioned purposes.
C
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The object of this invention is to produce a porous body which can be used
permanently for the purposes of filtration, diffusion or the like, from cement >
According to this invention the cement, instead of being mixed with pure water,
18 mixed with water containing soluble substances, or with liquids which enter into
soluble combination with one or more of the constituent parts of cement
In this manner, by intimately mixing and moulding after, the agglomeration,
a body is obtained which is composed of insoluble and soluble ingredients, When
this body is then lixiviated, it becomes porous, as the soluble ingredients are
removed thereby, and insoluble parts form what may be termed a skeleton Lust
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I use as a solvent amongst other substances a solution of common salt, the
concentration of which is chosen in accordance with the degree of porosity to be
obtained.
U
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By the addition of acids, such as.) hydrochloric acid, the porosity of the bodies
can be materially increased.
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After the agglomeration and solidification of the body of cement or like material,
(the shape of which body accords with the requirements in each particular case)
it can be transformed into a porous state either by lixiviating with water, or in the
subsequent use of the body itself by means of the substances which are (to) pass
through it.
Σ
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page_text: I, Doctor AUGUST BREUER, of Duisburg in the Empire of Germany, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
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This invention relates to the manufacture of porous bodies for filtering or other
purposes.
Substances such as clay, animal-membrane, parchment, paper, or the liko, which
have heretofore been used for filtering or diffusing liquids and for similar purposes
fail in many cases to operate, especially when exposed to the action of caustic
liquids
*In order to produce porous bodies capable of being used in such cases, I employ
cement or the like, which is treated in such a manner that the necessary porosity
of the mass is obtained without prejudicing its strength
If cement, either alone or combined with, sand, is caused to agglomerate by
means of water, a body is formed, which possesses slight poronty, this quality,
however, quickly disappears when the body is used, thereby rendering the said
body unfit for filtering or similar purposes.
In order to produce from cement a porous body which can be used permanently
for the purposes of filtration, diffusion, or the like, the cement, instead of being
mixed with pure water, 18 mixed with a concentrated solution of the salt of an
alkalı, alkaline earth, or metal, and with an acid, such for instance as hydrochloric
acid or nitric acid, which forms soluble combinations with one or more of the
constituent parts of the cement.
During the setting and hardening of the cement the water contained in the
concentrated salt solution evaporates, whereby the salts are left in a solid and
finely divided condition throughout the mass.
In this manner a body is obtained which contains soluble ingredients in a finely
divided condition throughout its mass.
After removing the said soluble ingredients from the insoluble parts by lixiviation
a finely porous body is obtained
I preferably employ solutions of common salt and potassium chloride, for mixing
the cement, hydrochloric, acetic, or nitric acid being subsequently added for
instance to
1,000 parts of cement, I add
720 parts of a common salt solution of a density of 24° Beaumé, and
820 parts of hydrochloric acid of 20° Beaumé,
The cement is mixed with the common salt solution in suitable receptacles, the
hydrochloric acid.or the like being subsequently added during agitation. The
semi-fluid mass (thus prepared is poured into moulds, and is then allowed to stand
untouched for about twenty-four hours in a temperature of 70° C. in order to set.

page_text: After the solidification of the moulded pieces or blocks, the shape of which may
vary according to requirements, the said pieces or blocks can be rendered porous
either by lixiviating with water, or in the subsequent use of the pieces themselves,
by means of the substances which are to pass through them
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim 18-
The manufacture of porous bodies from cement by mixing the latter with
concentrated solutions of salts of the alkalies, alkaline earths, or metals, and with
acids (for instance hydrochloric acid, nitric or acetic acid) which form soluble
combinations with the ingredients of the cement, so that, during the setting of
the cement owing to the evaporation of the moisture of the salt solutions and of the
acids, soluble portions in a finely divided condition remain distributed throughout
the body of the cement, which soluble portions being subsequently removed by
lixiviation or like treatment, leave the cement in a porous condition
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co,
For the Applicant.