Year: 1897

page_text: I, MONTAGUE HERBERT CHURCHILL SHANN, of Shoreham, in the County of Sussex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to combination machine tools designed with special regard to
the carrying out of the various machining operations required upon work, and
particularly heavy work, with the minimum amount of change in setting. Usually
the whole of the operations involving for example planing, turning, boring, milling,
shaping, and drilling, can be carried out with a single setting of the work, though the
position may be changed if found desirable as for example where that face of the
work previously secured to the bed of the machine has to be planed or otherwise faced
for which purpose manifestly the work must be turned.
As the planing machine portion of this machine tool is to a large extent the same
as that commonly used it will be sufficient for present purposes to assume that we are
dealing with a planing machine, and adding the other portions to it.
The tool carrier may consist of the ordinary standards and cross bridge with the tool
box all arranged much as usual excepting that I prefer to make the bridge capable
of rotation about its longer axis. The tool box or the slide which carries it is
provided with a vertical movement, preferably screw, connected by suitable bevel or
equivalent gear with the horizontal screw in the bridge, so that the movement
imparted to the horizontal screw may rotate the vertical one. The tool box is carried
at the lower end of a vertical slide reciprocated by the before mentioned vertical
screw, the reciprocation being conveniently effected by an automatic clutch
mechanism similar to that of the usual planing mechanism connecting the vertical
and horizontal screws.
The tool box may be arranged to carry any desired number of tools, conveniently
four, each box or tool carrier being hinged or jointed so that it can be turned out of
the way or allow for the back stroke.
The vertical screw can be geared to a drill spindle passing down the vertical slide
so that by turning out of the way or removing one of the tool carriers, should that be
placed at the bottom of the slide, the spindle or its drill can project and thus
operate upon the work secured upon the table without the necessity for re-setting
the work.
The horizontal screw in the bridge may serve more than one function; it may be
used in the ordinary manner for feeding purposes, and it may also be used to
reciprocate horizontally the tool carried for the purpose of planing or shaping at right
angles to the line of the bed, the rotation of the bridge about its own axis allowing of
a shaping operation being imparted to the tool, and the rotation of the bridge being
effected if desired by an automatic feed movement. However, the bridge can be
locked in any of its positions if required. When the bridge is suitably rotated the

page_text: drill spindle may lie in a horizontal plane for the purpose of drilling horizontal holes.
It will be understood that the drill spindle may be connected to or used as a boring
bar or for other purposes-for example it may be employed for milling purposes.
Other milling attachments may be connected to any of the rotating screws or
spindles if desired.
The ordinary main planing bed may carry a rotating table upon which work which
requires to be turned could be secured as for example an engine cylinder which might
be bored and drilled vertically as well as planed, or shaped, the ports machined and
any other required work done upon it. The circular bed plate may be rotated by
worm or other gearing, preferably automatically, for cutting or feed purposes, the
power being if desired taken from the screw which reciprocates the main
bed.
It will be understood that although I have mentioned the driving of the various
parts by screw-gearing, I may nevertheless use spur or other gearing, for that
purpose, as for example, instead of reciprocating the main bed by a screw, I may do
it by spur gearing as is well understood.
To prevent the necessity for re-setting the bridge when moved I prefer to balance
it and operate it by one screw instead of two, and to fit it with long bearing slides
upon the standards carrying its trunnions. The slides would be connected together
rigidly irrespective of the bridge, the balance operating upon the slides and not upon
the bridge direct. To obtain the necessary rigidity in the various vertical and other
movements I form the bottom horizontal bearing on the bridge with adjustment
plates and bearings having contact with the bridge in both vertical and horizontal
planes whilst the upper bearing has contact with the bridge only in vertical
planes.
With the machine above described I can plane any paths perpendicular to each
other.
i
improvements in or relating to Combination Machine Tools.
I, MONTAGUE HERBERT CHURCHILL SHANN, of Shoreham, in the County of Sussex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to combination machine tools designed with special regard
to the carrying out of the various machining operations required upon work, and
particularly heavy work, with the minimum amount of change in setting. Usually
the whole of the operations involving, for exampie, planing, turning, boring, milling,
slotting, shaping and drilling can be carried out with a single setting of the work,
though the position may be changed if found desirable, as for example where that
face of the work previously secured to the bed of the machine has to be planed or
otherwise faced for which purpose manifestly the work must be turned.
As the planing machine portion of this machine tool is to a large extent the
same as that commonly used it will be sufficient for the present purposes to assume
that we are dealing with a planing machine, and adding the other portious to it.
The tool carrier may consist of the ordinary standards and cross bridge with the
tool box, all arranged much as usual excepting that I prefer to make the bridge
capable of rotation about its longer axis, but I may employ a non-rotatable one. The

page_text: tool box, or the slide which carries it, is provided with a vertical movement,
preferably screw, connected by suitable bevel or equivalent gear with a horizontal
shaft in the bridge. The tool holder is carried at the lower end of a vertical slide,
which constitutes the tool box, reciprocated by the before mentioned vertical screw,
the reciprocation being conveniently effected by an automatic clutch mechanism
similar to that of the usual planing mechanism connecting the vertical and horizontal
screws. This reciprocation is for cutting purposes, the tool box being also provided
with reciprocating gear for feed purposes.
The tool holder may be arranged to carry any desired number of tools, conveniently
four, provision being made so that each tool can be turned out of the way or allow
for the back stroke.
The vertical screw can be geared to, or formed as part of, a drill spindle passing
down the vertical slide, so that, by turning out of the way or removing the tool
holder should that be placed at the bottom of the slide, the spindle or its drill can
project and thus operate upon the work secured upon the table without the necessity
for re-setting the work.
The horizontal screw in the bridge may serve more than one function; it may be
used in the ordinary manner for feeding purposes, and it may also be used to
reciprocate horizontally the tool carried for the purpose of planing or shaping at
right angles to the line of the bed, the rotation of the bridge about its own axis
allowing of a shaping operation being imparted to the tool, and the rotation of the
bridge effected if desired by an automatic feed movement. However, the bridge
can be locked in any of its positions if required. When the bridge is suitably
rotated the drill spindle may lie in a horizontal plane 'for the purpose of drilling
horizontal holes. It will be understood that the drill spindle may be connected to or
used as a boring bar or for other. purposes-for example it may be employed for
milling purposes.
Other milling attachments may be connected to any of the rotating screws or
spindles if desired.
The ordinary main planing bed may carry a rotating table upon which work, which
requires to be turned, could be secured, as for example an engine cylinder which
might be bored and drilled vertically as well as planed, or shaped, the ports
machined and any other required work done upon it. The circular bed plate may
be rotated by worm or other gearing, preferably automatically, for cutting or feed
purposes, the power being if desired taken from the screw which reciprocates the
main bed.
It will be understood that although I have mentioned the driving of the various
parts by screw-gearing, I may nevertheless use spur or other gearing for that
purpose, as for example, instead of reciprocating the main bed by a screw,
it by spur gearing as is well understood.
I may do
What I have described as the drill spindle, I prefer to make upon the principle of
a lathe spindle, that is to say with conical adjustable bearings, the longitudinal
movement of the spindle required in drilling milling and slotting being provided by
the movement of the ram or frame which carries it. It is important for the milling
work that the spindle should be carried very firmly and steadily and this can be
obtained by working upon the principle of the lathe spindle, a conical orifice being
provided at the end of the spindle into which a conical projection upon the drill,
milling-cutter, or other tool, fits, in the manner similar to that adopted upon the
ordinary milling machines, the taper employed being preferably that usually known
as the Morse taper.
It is evident that the tool box can be used as the pillar of a small radial drill, but as
the radial drill is well known I do not claim this as part of my invention.
In connection with any of the movements, indicating scales or adjusting mechanism
may be employed so that the various tools can be set at any predetermined angles or
positions.
It will be understood from the foregoing description that a piece of work can be
dealt with by this machine, and, so far as the machine work is concerned, absolutely

page_text: finished, often without any change of position of the work after it has been fixed,
and in all cases with very little change, so that work can be effected by this tool
Another advantage
which has hitherto not been possible with a single machine tool.
obtainable with this mechanism is that the setting out of work and scribing of
holes can in many cases be entirely dispensed with, the tool being adapted for all
necessary operations and adjustments.
To prevent the necessity for re-setting the bridge when moved I prefer to balance
it, and operate it by one screw instead of two, and to fit it with long bearing slides
upon the standards, these slides carrying its trunnions; the balance operating upon
the slides and not upon the bridge direct.
In order to obtain the necessary rigidity of the traversing slide on the bridge, I
form the sliding attachments in the following manner. The bottom bearing of the
traversing slide is provided with packing pieces which hold the traversing slide to
the bridge both in a vertical and in a horizontal direction. The top bearing of the
traversing slide is provided with one packing piece only, leaving the top of the
traversing slide free in a vertical direction. The object of this special arrangement
which I call the three way arrangement is to obtain a sliding movement in which
any force operating at right angles to or parallel with the line of traverse will not be
able to cross-bind the slide.
1 also employ this three way arrangement in the bearings of the slides carrying
the bridge.
With the machine above described I can plane any paths perpendicular to
each other.
The whole of the movements described herein are intended to be understood as
comprising either a feed movement or a cutting movement or both.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Fig. 1 is a plan view,
Fig. 2 is a front view, and
Figs. 3 and 4 are side views, showing the essential parts of a machine constructed
according to my invention.
Fig. 5 is a front view of the tool box, its carrying slide and one end of the
bridge;
Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5, and
Fig. 7 is a section on the line 7-7 of Fig. 5.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the figures.
A is a sliding table of any usual construction; B a preferably removable rotating
table; C, C¹ the standards for carrying the bridge; D the bridge; E the tool-
carrier traversing slide, carrying the vertically reciprocating tool-carrier or box F.
The bridge D is preferably capable of a slewing motion around its longer axis as
well as of vertical reciprocation. For this purpose it is provided with hollow
trunnions D¹ D2, one at each end, and one end is also formed with a disc D³ having
a flange D4.
The trunnion D1, at one end of the bridge, is carried by a bearing in a bracket G,
having a slide G¹, reciprocating vertically on the standard C. The trunnion D2, at
the other end of the bridge, is carried in a bearing in a bracket H¹ formed as part of
or rigidly secured to a frame H. The central portion of the frame H is formed to
receive the flange D* of the disc D³, the flange H2 and packing ring H³ of the frame H
forming an adjustable side hearing which holds the disc from lateral movement.
The frame is forned with or rigidly secured to slides H4 H³, reciprocating vertically
on the uprights C2 C3 respectively of the standard C¹.
The three slides G¹, H4, H5, for vertically reciprocating the bridge, are balanced by
weights in any convenient manner, as for example by chains over pulleys as indicated
in Figures 2, 3 and 4, so that the bridge may be reciprocated by a single screw,
which may be conveniently placed as shown at DS Fig. 1.
The slides G, H, H5, are provided with what I call the three way arrange-
ment or bearing on the standards C, C¹, the slide H* having a contact bearing

page_text: with the upright C2 on all its surfaces, whilst the slides G¹ and H5 are free from
contact with the standard C¹ and upright C³ respectively on two sides, as shown
in Fig. 1.
The bridge is provided for slewing purposes with a worm wheel D6 engaged by
a gear wheel D. This may be worked by hand, or automatic mechanism may be
provided for operating it.
The bridge is furnished with the usual traversing screw D8, and a power shaft Dº
carried in the trunnions.
The tool-carrier traversing slide E is carried on the bridge by the three way
arrangement of bearing as shown in Fig. 6:-the bridge is provided with bearing
surfaces D10, D1, at the top and D12, D13, D14, and D15, at the bottom; the slide E has
fixed lower bearing surfaces, corresponding with the bearing surfaces D12, D13, of the
bridge, and two adjustable plates E¹, E², corresponding with the bearing sur-
faces D14, D15, respectively of the bridge, the traversing slide being thus held rigidly
on the bridge by this bottom bearing. It is also provided at the top with a fixed
bearing surface corresponding with the bearing surface D10 of the bridge, and an
adjustable plate E³ corresponding with the bearing surface D11 of the bridge, a space E4
being left in the top of this bearing. On the front face of the slide are two brackets
or lugs E E bored to receive a vertical spindle J. On its back face, placed centrally
with respect to the lugs E5 E, is a bracket E7, bored to receive a spindle E8, having
a worm wheel E on its rear end and a bevel wheel E10 on its front end. The wheel E⁹
engages a gear wheel D16 having a feather on its boss working in a longitudinal groove
in the shaft Do, so that it can travel freely with the slide when traversed on the bridge.
The wheel E10 engages with either of the bevel wheels E" E¹², controlled by an
automatic clutch of usual construction, held between the lugs E5 E° and engaged by a
feather in a groove in the spindle J. The upper portion of the spindle J is formed
with a screw thread to engage with a threaded nut J¹ held in the upper portion of the
traversing slide E. The nut J¹ is split and provided with a screw attachment to
throw it in or out of engagement with the thread of the spindle J.
Working in bearings formed in the traversing slide E by the plate E¹³ (Figs. 5
and 7) is the vertical slide or tool carrier, F, preferably ending in a circular boss F",
on to which a tool holder is secured in any suitable manner. The upper end of the
spindle J is held by the fixed collar F and screw collar and lock nut F3 in a bearing F5
in the top of the vertical slide F; its lower end is supported by a bracket I formed
on the rear face of the slide, and has a jointed connection, such, for instance, as is
shown at J2 (Fig. 6) with the upper end of a lathe spindle J³. The tool end of the
lathe spindle J³ is carried centrally in the boss F¹, being held in position by the
screw collar and lock nut F2, and its upper end is carried in a coned bearing, of known
construction, in the bracket F7 on the rear face of the slide F.
J3, F1, F2 and F7 constitute a spindle similar to a lathe spindle running in bearings
similar to lathe bearings. This spindle and its two bearings I call for the sake of
preciseness a lathe head. Of course it is understood that I do not restrict myself to
conical bearings as many lathes are run with parallel bearings.
The top of the slide F is continued to the rear to receive a threaded nut F8. The
nut is formed in two halves and furnished with a screw mechanism to throw it in or
out of engagement with the vertical screw shaft K.. The lower end of the shaft K is
not threaded and is held from vertical movement by a collar k¹, in a slot in a lug E¹
of the traversing slide. Its lower end is furnished with a worm wheel K² engaging
with gear K³ engaged in a longitudinal groove in the horizontal shaft K' carried in
brackets D¹, one on each end of the bridge. The shaft K* may be rotated in any
convenient manner.
From the foregoing description it will be seen that the tool box has two indepen-
dent means of vertical reciprocation. By engaging the nut J with the screw of the
spindle J and disengaging the nut F8 from the screw of the shaft K, then by rotating
the spindle J the slide F is reciprocated; this movement is used for cutting purposes.
By reversing the operation, disengaging the nut J¹ and engaging the nut F with

page_text: the screw of the shaft K, and rotating the latter the slide F is also reciprocated.
This movement is employed for feed purposes.
The rotating table B is preferably removably attached to the sliding table. It
may be operated by worm or gear wheels B1 B2 driven by the bevel gearing B3 B4 B5 B6.
The bevel wheel B has the usual sliding feather attachment to enable it to move
with the sliding table A and is driven from the longitudinal shaft B7 which may be
rotated either for feed or cutting purposes in any convenient manner.
The usual mechanism for automatically actuating the movements of the various
portions of the machine are employed but as these form no part of the invention they
are not herein particularly described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. A machine tool capable of planing turning boring milling slotting shaping and
drilling without any resetting of either the work or the various machine heads which
perform the above functions.
2. A machine tool in which the work can be reciprocated in one plane and rotated
about an axis lying in another plane with both cutting and feed motions and the
cutting tool can be reciprocated with both cutting and feed motions in two directions
at right angles to each other and at any angle between 0° and 90° to the line of
reciprocation of the work.
3. A machine tool in which the work can be reciprocated in one plane and rotated
about an axis lying in another plane and having a lathe head which whilst rotation of
its spindle is taking place can be reciprocated in two directions at right angles to
each other and at any angle between 0° and 90° to the line of reciprocation of the
work.
4. A machine tool in which the cutting tool can be reciprocated in two directions
at right angles to each other and at any angle from 0° to 90° from the horizontal and
having both cutting and feed motions."
5. A machine tool in which a lathe head can while its spindle is rotating be
reciprocated in two directions at right angles to each other and at any angle between
0° and 90° from the horizontal.
6. In a machine tool a slide constructed on the "three way arrangement" sub-
stantially as described.
7. In a machine tool the combination of a bridge and vertical slides, having the
"three way arrangement" of bearings, balance weights and a single reciprocating
mechanism, substantially as described.
8. In a machine tool the combination of a bridge carried on vertical slides, having
the "three way arrangement" of bearings, balance weights and a single reciprocating
mechanism, a traversing slide carried on the bridge with the "three way arrange-
ment" of bearings, a vertical slide carried on the traversing slide, and a lathe spindle
carried on the vertical slide with or without a slewing motion to the bridge substan-
tially as described.
9. In a machine tool the combination of a bridge carried on vertical slides, having
the "three way arrangement" of bearings, balance weights and a single reciprocating
mechanism, a traversing slide carried on the bridge with the "three way arrange-
ment" of bearings, a vertical slide carried on the traversing slide, a lathe spindle
carried on the vertical slide, a reciprocating table and a rotating table with or without
a slewing motion to the bridge substantially as described.
10. In a machine tool the combination of a lathe spindle, a vertical slide two
independent means of reciprocating the same, a horizontal slide, and cutting and feed
operating mechanism for the horizontal slide substantially as described.
11. In a machine tool a slide capable of reciprocation on the bridge on top and
bottom bearings, so arranged that the bottom bearing holds the slide in contact with
the bridge in both vertical and horizontal planes, whilst the upper bearing has
contact with the bridge only in vertical planes.

page_text: 12. The complete machine tool substantially as described or illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
DL: 00th dow of T.1., 1000
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.