Year: 1888

page_text: I, OSKAR WILLIAM BERGMAN, Sub Lieutenant Royal Gota Artillery Regiment, of
Oskar Fredriksborg, near Waxholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
I, OSKAR WILLIAM BERGMAN, Sub Lieutenant Royal Gota Artillery Regiment, of
Oskar Fredriksborg, near Waxholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to fire arms and comprises the improvements hereinafter
described.
In order to enable the invention to be fully understood I will describe how it can
be carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawing, in which,
Figure 1 is a right hand side elevation of a rifle or arm constructed according to
my invention.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the mechanism loaded with 4 cartridges.
Figures 4, 5, and 6 are cross sections of the mechanism.
Figure 8 is a top view of the box containing the mechanism.
Figures 3 and 7 are cross sections of the said box.
Figure 9 shows a longitudinal and a cross section of the piston and a plan view
of the latter.
Figure 10 is a view of the rear end of the piston turned upwards and viewed from
below.
Figure 11 shews the striker in longitudinal and cross sections.
Figure 12 shews the rear support of the main spring in longitudinal and cross
sections.
Figure 13 illustrates the closing pin of the piston.
Figure 14 illustrates a loose part of the same.
Figure 15 illustrates the extractor.
Figure 16 illustrates the extractor spring.
Figure 17 is a view of the magazine loaded with one cartridge.
Figure 18 illustrates the safety stopper.
The breech mechanism is enclosed in a box a screwed upon the rear end of the
barrel. The box is bored centrally to a diameter somewhat wider than the flange of the
cartridge intended for the rifle ; in the top the box has a segmental slot d which at
Price 8d.1

page_text: its fore part is enlarged towards the right hand side at e to somewhat more than
double the width. In the bore of the box moves the cylindrical piston 6 provided with
a segmental shoulder c adapted to the slot d in the box and guiding in this way the
piston when moving alternately in the direction of the axis of the barrel. The length
of this shoulder c is such that when the piston is advanced and turned to the right it
falls into and fills the recess e in the box. The rear side of this recess e is bevelled in
order that the shoulder c may, when rotating the mechanism, be forced forwards and
thus by means of the piston force the cartridge home. When firing, the shoulder c
receives the recoil. The piston being turned to the left, the cartridge is loosened
by the extractor and the shoulder c is brought slightly backwards and slides against
a bevelled surface j arranged in the fore part of the recess d.
Motion is imparted to the piston by means of a lever ffirmly fixed to the piston
and clasping its rear end. The mechanism being closed, this lever is turned downwards
clasping the neck of the butt end and forming at its lower part a gripper situated
immediately behind the guard, in which gripper the little finger, the ring finger and
the middle finger of the right hand rest while the thumb clasps the neck of the butt
and the fore finger enters the guard ahead of the trigger. By this arrangement the
band will never need to release its grip when reloading from the magazine. While
keeping the rifle held to the shoulder the gripper f can be turned up by the right
hand, the thumb resting against the rear top part of the gripper; the parts are then
free to move backwards and the mechanism will be thereby opened, the empty
cartridge thrown out and a new cartridge introduced from the magazine ahead of the
piston. Immediately after the piston has been brought back so far as permitted by the
shoulder the gripper is again advanced and turned down, the piston being theu
entirely introduced. By this motion the cartridge is brought home and the mechanisin
is closed at the same time as the right hand is brought back into a position suitable for
taking aim, after which the rifle can immediately be fired in the usual manner.
These different motions upwards, backwards, forwards and downwards are combined
in one single motion, during which the position of the rifle and the grasp of the hand
need not be changed.
The piston has a cylindrical bore 9 for the main spring and the striker and a
conical bore in the fore part for the striker. The striker i is of cylindrical form with
a tongue behind and a cylindrical piston I screwed to it near its point. Surrounding
the cylindrical part of the striker is a moveable cylinder k having a slot for receiving
the tongue of the striker. Between the fore part of this cylinder and the rear part
of the piston of the striker the spirally coiled main spring is inserted. The striker
with piston, cylinder and main spring fixed to it is introduced from behind into
the bore g of the piston b, when the tongue ¹ of the striker enters a slot m in the
under side of the piston. This slot has at its front end an enlargement n. figure 10
into which the tongue can move without following the piston b, when being turned.
The lower edge of the tongue moves into a groove o in the bottom of the box a when
the mechanism is advanced. When turning up the piston the tongue is retained
in this groove o, by which it is forced to slide along the bevelled surface of the
fore part of the recess n in the piston b. In this way the main spring is compressed by
degrees so long as the turning motion continues, after which the tongue of the striker
is retained in its rear position against the surface p (figure 10).
g
This compression of the main spring is effected in such a manner that the striker on
its retrograde motion in the piston will by means of the piston / push the fore part of
the main spring backwards. The back part of the main spring then presses against
the cylinder k, which in turn rests against the breech pin q. This pin is of cylindrical
shape and provided with a key r. It is introduced from behind into the bore of the
piston b, the key r entering the slot m, and after the pin q is turned it is retained by
the main spring and at the same time effects the reaction of the main spring against
the piston b. The compression of the main spring is thus effected when turning
up the lever f. At the backward and forward motion of the piston 6, the tongue of
the striker is retained against the surface p (figure 10) by the pressure of the
spring, but is released by turning down the lever; it is however prevented by the

page_text: point of the trigger from advancing until the trigger is actuated for firing.
When the mechanism is to be put in the safety position (corresponding to half
cock) the trigger is actuated, while turning down the operating lever, and in this way
the point of the striker is, during the turning movement caused to advance by degrees
towards the percussion cap. Firing by accident cannot meanwhile occur as the striker
is completely enclosed in the piston. Whenever the striker is to be cocked for firing,
this is effected by turning the lever rapidly up and down but without bringing the
piston backwards.
In order to obtain greater safety and to allow the marksman to see at a glance that
the rifle is in the safety position I provide a safety stop S located in the butt
perpendicularly to and immediately below the trigger t. The stop S has a recess U
in which the trigger t can enter, when the handle W of the safety stop is in its lowest
position. If on the contrary the handle of the safety stop be turned upwards to an
angle of 60° the said recess will be turned away, so that the trigger t cannot be pulled
down and the arm consequently cannot be fired.
The plate u, shewn detached in figure 14, serves to fill up the space in the slot
behind the tongue of the striker. The top of the shouldor c is flat in front and
provided with a screw threaded pin v the head of which is oval. On this flat part and
fixed to the shoulder by the pin is the extractor spring it. The extractor wis
located in a slot in the fore part of the shoulder c and is retained therein by the
extractor spring and compelled to follow the motions of the piston b by means of a
pin upon which the extractor works, a cut being made in the extractor to receive
the pin w. The fixing of the extractor is effected after the piston b has been partly
introduced but not turned round, whereby the extractor w is placed in its slot and the
hole of the extractor spring x is passed over the pin v on the piston and the extractor
turned a quarter of a revolution forwards, when the spring takes into the extractor.
The box a has in its lower part an opening a¹ to allow the, cartridges from the
magazine to pass through. This opening is longer than the cartridge and so arranged
that the rear end of the cartridge cannot entirely pass through only a part of the
flange rising into the interior of the box, when the piston b in its backward motion,
has left a space for it. The cartridge flange can thus be actuated by the piston b in
its forward motion and consequently follow the same. The cartridge flange having thus
followed the rear and narrower part o¹ of the opening a¹ the cartridge actuated by the
magazine spring can now pass entirely through the bottom of the box at the wider
part of the opening a¹ and thus completely rise ahead of the piston b. The point of
the cartridge (the bullet) has now mounted an inclined plane A. The cartridge after
being entirely released from the magazine is prevented from jumping out of the box
by the flange getting under the tooth of the extractor and the point under the front
top side of the box.
The extraction of the empty cartridge is effected by the extractor seizing the flange
of the cartridge and by the backward motion of the latter. The empty cartridge is
thrown out through the opening e of the box by the lower part of the cartridge flange
being suddenly stopped against the flange of the cartridge jumping up from below or
in the case of the last cartridge, (after it has been fired) by its flange coming against
a shoulder B on the cartridge bed C.
The magazine D is made of a bent plate with a partition E. It is fixed on the rifle
by means of two lugs F clasping and engaging in a corresponding bevel on the box
shoulder G. The lugs of the magazine having been placed in this position, the
magazine is swung into the recess in the butt and is fixed by the bar H. Between
the front rounded face of the box shoulder G and the rear face of the partition E, the
cartridge bed has a vertical notion. This motion is adapted to the conical shape of
the cartridge so that the top surface of the cartridge bed always corresponds with the
generatrix of the truncated pyramid, formed by the interior of the magazine. This is
effected by means of two guide bars I and K of which the foremost K is formed by an
extension L into a lever actuated by the magazine spring M. This magazine intended
for sporting rifles is filled by introducing the cartridges separately one by one into the
same.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. In breech loading rifles provided with piston mechanism, the arrangement of
parts in which the cylinder (b) is provided with an operating lever (✓) fixed at its
rear part, this lever being, when the mechanisın is closed, directed downwards,
clasping the neck of the butt and forming a grip for the right hand, by which levers
the rifle can be opened and closed without removing and replacing the hand, the said
lever also allowing the rifle to be held steadily in firing position.
2. In breech loading rifles provided with piston mechanism the arrangement of
parts in which the striker (i) together with the tongue (¹) firmly connected therewith
is entirely enclosed in the cylinder for preventing firing by accident, the rear end of
the striker for this purpose being surrounded by a cylinder (k) against which the main
spring acts in its backward recoil the rear end being adapted to rest against a pin (g)`
introduced and fixed in the rear end of the cylinder, this pin preventing the striker
from being actuated from without, a longitudinal slot m being formed in the under
side of the rear part of the cylinder which slot has an enlargement, part of which
forms an inclined surface along which the tongue slides and causes the return of the
striker and part forms a recess in which the tongue of the striker moves and is held
after being cocked.
3. In a breech loading rifle, the combination with the arrangement claimed in claim 1
of a cartridge magazine (D) located in the central line of the rifle beneath the
mechanism and immediately ahead of the guard and provided with a cartridge
bed (C) moveable therein guided by two levers (I and K) pivotted at one of their
ends to the ends of the cartridge bed, the opposite ends of the levers being pivotted on
pins, the free end of one lever being actuated by a spring, so as to cause the levers to
impart to the cartridge bed such a motion adapted to the shape of the cartridges that
the latter are held so securely that a cartridge flange cannot when firing, jump ahead
of the flange of a superposed cartridge.