Improvements in Door Locks.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 12th July, 1892-Accepted, 17th Dec., 1892
COME DELL
Improvements in Door Locks.
1, CHARLES ERWIN CANDEE residing at No. 38 Concord Street in the City of
Brooklyn, County of Kings and State of New York, United States of America,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to a door-lock in general reversible at will, in which there
is a catch-bolt that is also a lock-bolt, preferably provided at its front end with a roller
acting antifrictionally in catching and uncatching with the jamb-escutcheon, with a
spring pressing it toward its most forward position, with a notch or shoulder for the
engagement of a locking-lever for positively locking the same, and also with means
for operating the bolt either by a knob or thumb-piece spindle or by a key, or by
both of these means, at will. The lock also has a locking-lever provided with
means for engaging and positively locking the bolt automatically under the control
of a spring, and the fulcrum of this locking-lever may be located either at the end
or in or near the middle. In general, this locking-lever is provided with means for
positively locking, positively unlocking and freeing the lever in relation to the bolt,
thus developing three separate functions of the locking-lever. In connection with
these elements are tumblers for guarding the bolt, and devices for operating the
bolt and the locking-lever, and for unlocking and retreating the same, together or
independently, at will; and also a pin tumbler device for locking, unlocking and
retreating the bolt by means of a key which first retreats the pin tumblers and then
operates the tumbler cylinder, the bolt being capable of automatic locking on the
release of the key, and the pin tumblers on the removal of the key.
The mechanism of this invention is illustrated in fourteen sheets of drawing,
containing Figures 1 to 82.
One of the simplest forms and combinations of the lock is shown in Figs. 1 to 7.
In this form, A is the spindle-arm engaging at its outer extremity with the bolt B
at the notch H, held in relation thereto by the stop G, and capable of retreating
the bolt B against the action of the spring S. P is the pin or pivot on which the
locking-lever L turns; S¹ is the spring operating the locking-lever for the purpose
of effecting automatic engagement with the bolt B at the notch or shoulder O
thereof. E is the positive-locking, positive-unlocking and freeing cam located in
its seat D of the lever L, and provided with the spring S to hold it in its positive-
locking position as shown in Fig. 4, and thereby hold the lever L in its positive-
locking position in connection with the bolt B. The key K engages only with
the locking-lever in its key-seat C, which has a lower lip M for retaining the key
in proper
relation to the lever. The antifriction roller R is socketed in the front
end of the bolt B, and held therein by the pin Y, which passes through and rests
in the ears Q for that purpose. When the bolt B is in its most forward position
the locking-lever and the bolt become automatically engaged at the respective
shoulders N and O, unless prevented by the cam E when in the position shown in
Fig. 2 and when the cam E is put in the position shown in Fig. 4 the bolt is
positively locked, even against the action of the key K, until the lever L and bolt B
are relieved from the positive locking control of the cam E by turning the same
out of the position shown in Fig. 4. The cam E is operated by the thumb-piece T.
In closing the door the roller R strikes the bevelled part of the jamb-escutcheon W,
and rolling thereon forces the bolt B back into the lock against the action of the
spring S, until the roller passes the inner end of the bevel, whereupon the bolt is
automatically forced by the spring S into its forward position, the roller R acting
antifrictionally in that operation in both the forward and backward movements of

page_text: the bolt. When the lever L is not positively locked, the key K will lift it clear
of the bolt B, and thereupon the bolt B may be retreated through the arm A by
turning the knob J. Z Z are extensions forming the forward parts of the roller
recess, protecting that side of the roller and giving the door solid support on both
sides, or in both directions, in the jamb-escutcheon.
In the arrangement of parts shown in Figs. 8 to 16, the lever L is pivoted in or
near the middle instead of at the end, and the bolt B has two characteristic positions,
to wit, the most advanced, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 8 and in full lines in
Fig. 9, and in which position the lever L may make automatic engagement and
automatically lock the bolt B by the engagement of the shoulders N and O; and
second, the retreated position, shown in Fig. 8 in full lines, and in which as the
bolt B moves back and forth the projection which forms the shoulder N of the
lever L slides on the bolt without making engagement with it. In both of these
positions the stop which holds the bolt is the spindle-socket, or the metal which
contains it and in which the spindle-socket is located out of its centre, or in
which the metal on one side of the spindle-socket is cut away more than on the
other to the extent of the difference between the two positions of the bolt; or
in which the rollers R' are located eccentrically to the centre of the spindle-
socket. The projecting arm H of the bolt B, making contact with the opposite
sides of the spindle-socket or with the rollers R', causes the bolt B to stop in
one or the other of the two positions. In this arrangement the key K moves
the lever L and, first, disengages the shoulders N and O as in the other instance,
by contact with the extension V of the lever L; but after this disengagement
is effected, its motion being continued, it makes contact with the arm U of
the bolt Band may retreat the same when sufficient force is used to overcome
the spring S. In other respects the devices and their combinations shown in
Figs. 8 to 16, inclusive, are the same as those shown in Figs. 1 to 7, inclusive.
In operating the bolt through the spindle-socket and its arm or arms A, the
antifriction rollers R' make contact with the projecting arm H of the bolt B and
relieve the friction as the parts are revolved.
In the arrangement of parts shown in Figs. 17 to 28, the lever L is pivoted at
the end like the lever L in Fig. 2, and is not provided with a key-seat, nor with an
extension beyond its pivot, but is provided with certain pins for the purpose of
engagement, as P1, P3 and P, and the spring operating the bolt B is indicated by
the letter R. The bolt B also differs in this case in having the stop S (extending
laterally instead of downward, to make contact with the cam C of the spindle-
socket) and the pin P, the key-seat or socket N and a central slot S'. In this
arrangement the spindle H is provided with the cams C and C¹, and the cam C is
provided with the shoulder N. Starting from the position shown in Fig. 17, with
the point of the cam C resting on the pin P³, on turning the spindle and cam C to
the right, the cam C¹, which lies under the cam C but is secured to the spindle H
and may be made of continuous metal with the cam (', first makes contact with the
pin Pon the lever L, and thereby lifts the lever L out of the engagement with
the bolt B shown in Fig. 17 into the relations shown in Fig. 19, and maintains
them as the movement of the cam is continued. As the motion of the cams
proceeds, the right adjacent side of the cam C bears upon the stud S of the bolt B
and retreats the same first into the position shown in Fig. 19 and finally into that
shown in Fig. 20. Of course, if the camn E is in the position shown in Fig. 17, the
lever I cannot be disengaged or lifted from the locking position in the bolt B; but
when the cam E is in any other position this can be done. In this arrangement
the cam E is held in its different positions by the pressure of the spring R and the
lever is automatically operated by the spring R³. In the extreme position of
the cam C in its movement to the right, its point bears against the stud S, as shown
in Fig. 20; and in its intermediate position, shown in Fig. 19, the stud S engages
with the notch N2 on the cam Cand holds the bolt B in that intermediate
position. The bolt B, therefore, in this instance has three characteristic positions,
in which it is automatically and functionally at rest, to wit, its most forward or

page_text: locking position, its intermediate or tripping position, and its retreated position.
When in the intermediate or tripping position, the bolt B may be tripped," by
elight pressure on the roller R, and will be tripped automatically by the contact
of the 'roller R with the jamb-escutcheon when the door is closed, which will
automatically disengage the stud S from the notch N2, and since the spindle H
and the cams C and C¹ are all connected with the spring R2 so as to have a
forward tension or pull, when that engagement is released and the pressure on
the roller R is relieved the bolt B will be forced into its forward position by
the spring R', the cam C being thrown automatically into the position shown
in Fig. 17 the moment disengagement is effected between S and N2, and thus
permitting forward movement of the bolt under influence of spring R'. In this
case the bolt B is provided with the seat N for the key K, by which the bolt B
may be retreated independently of the spindle when not locked by the locking-
lever L. So far, this part of the invention is shown as described in Figs. 17 to 20;
inclusive.
The additional Figures 21, 22, 23, 25, 26 and 27 show additional features con-
sisting of the tumblers W1, W2 and W³, which are co-ordinated with the parts already
described in the manner now to be set forth. These tumblers are varied to match
the special key of the lock in the usual manner; they are also provided with a
longitudinal slot. S' in which the pin P on the bolt B rests and moves as the bolt
is stationary, retreated, or otherwise moved; the slot S2 has a part N³ at right
angles thereto forming shoulders with which the pin P engages so as to prevent
the retreating of the bolt, except when the tumblers are held in proper position or
operated by the proper key, or when the tumblers are raised along with the lever L
by the cam E which operates them in the same manner and at the same time with
the lever L, either in positively locking, positively unlocking or freeing the same.
One or more of the tumblers W', W, W³, engage with the pin P, so that as the
key lifts the tumbler making such engagement the lever L will be lifted, through
the pin P, and thereby disengaged from its locking position, along with the'
tumblers, permitting the retreat of the bolt B by the key K independently of any
movement of the spindle H.
In the positive locking position of the cam E, neither the spindle H and its.
knob nor the key K can unlock or retreat the bolt B; but in its positive unlocking
position either the knob or the key K can retreat the bolt B and in its freeing
position the disengagement of the lever L and the retreating of the bolt B may be
effected by either of them at will; since the pin P2; which secures one end of the
spring R, stands out far enough to make contact with the adjacent shoulder or
shoulders of the tumbler or tumblers and so elevate them that the pin P, as the
bolt B retreats, will move in the slot S' back and forth, and the tumblers
operated by the key will lift and release the lever L. The pin P will also
lift the locking-lever through the tumblers and pin P on the lever and hold
it lifted.
In the positive locking position of the cam E, neither the key nor the knob
can unlock or retreat the bolt. In the positive unlocking position of the cam E,
neither the knob nor the key unlocks the bolt since the bolt is unlocked by the
cam and so held, but either of them may retreat it at will. In the freeing position
of the cam E, the locking devices for locking the bolt may be operated either by
the key or by the knob and the bolt may thereupon be retreated by either of them,
and upon releasing either the key or the knob the bolt will be thrown into its most
forward position and will be automatically locked therein, the positive locking and
also the positive unlocking control and function of the cam E being for the time
abrogated by placing the cam in its releasing or freeing position.
In the arrangement of the parts shown in Figs. 29 to 36 inclusive, the locking-
lever L is pivoted between the two ends, or has an extension beyond the pivot and
a corresponding change is made in the cam action and arrangement so that the
movement of the spindle will cause the concave side C₁ of the cam to bear on the
pin P, which is located on the lever extension and thus disengage the locking-

page_text: lever L from the bolt B by depressing the rear end aud lifting the forward end
of the lever, and holding it while the movement of the cam C is continued to operate
the bolt. The cam C is also provided with an additional notch N³, which receiving
the pin P (Figs. 29 & 33) like the shoulder N¹ will hold the bolt in the position
shown in Fig. 34. In this case also the bolt has the three positions previously
described, the intermediate one being the tripping position for automatically
tripping the bolt when the door is closed, and the third position also in the extreme
retreat being such that a touch on the forward end of the bolt will release the
cams C and C¹, put them into the control of the spring S' (Figs. 29, 32, 33,
34 and 36), thereby causing them to automatically resume their most forward
positions.
In this arrangement the locking-lever and the bolt B are not operated by a key.
directly, but only indirectly, through a pin tumbler device, the outer shell or
cylinder of which is marked A, and which is shown in Figs. 29, 32, 33, 34 and 36
in its relations with the lever and the bolt, and in detail in Figs. 37 to 50, inclusive.
In Figs. 37 and 38 the pin tumbler device is shown in sectional view with the key
in two positions, as just entering and also as fully engaging with the interior parts
of the device. As the key K is entering, the front end of it makes contact with
pins FF located in seats or sockets in the key-seat G and opposite to each other.
As the key enters, the pins FF are pressed outwardly and in turn force the
pins FF, against which they rest, also outwardly; both of these pins on each
side being moved by the key and overcoming the springs G₁ on each side, by which
the pins F F are forced into the key-seat and into the groove in which the key is
inserted. When the key is fully seated as shown in Fig. 38, the pins FF (which
may be varied in length indefinitely on opposite sides) are forced forward into
contact with the key on opposite sides to any prearranged or desired extent by the
pins FF, and their springs G', it only being necessary that the length of the
pins and the depth in the corresponding cut in the key should be such that the line
of division between the pin F and the pin F1 on each side shall, at that stage,
be at or reach a point common to the line of division between the circumference
of the part G at that point and the inner side of the part H at the same point.
When these parts are thus brought to a common line of separation, the key K
may be turned, carrying with it the seat G, but not otherwise. This move-
ment of the key K carries with it the pins F F on opposite sides in the key-
seat G; the pins F' F' (being left in their respective seats or sockets in the
part H to which they belong, as in Fig. 42) riding on the part G as it moves
and revolves under the control of the key K. Located in seats provided
therefor in the part H, which is divided into two halves of a cylinder, are
found two pairs of twin pin tumblers T T ; between the two twin tumblers TT
on each side is located a spring G2 exerting outward pressure upon the inner
adjacent sides of both continuously, and thereby forcing the ends of the twin
tumblers outwardly into the sockets V of the opposite plates QQ, thereby holding
the tumbler device on opposite sides and in fixed relations to the opposite plates so
that the whole tumbler device is immovable, until these twin pin tumblers have
been retreated within the pin tumbler carrier H and out of the sockets V. Such
inward retreat of the two opposite pin tumblers T T, overcoming the outward
pressure of the spring G between them, is effected by the key, which is provided
on opposite edges with grooves corresponding in location, form and angle to ribs U
on the concave inner side of the opposite bodies of the twin pin tumblers T T, and
which by the movement of the key cause the opposite twin pin tumblers to dis-
engage from the contact with the plates QQ and retreat within the cylindrical
part H, and thereby permit the key K to make contact, after such retreat, with
the pin W (Figs. 49 and 50), and thereby, through the continued movement of the
key, causing the whole device with its outer shell or circumference A to move and
operate, first, the lever L and afterwards the bolt B through contact made with
both, the latter contact by the projecting arm A.' striking the pin P2 on the bolt B
and retreating the same after the lever L has been unlocked through the bearing.

page_text: of the shell A on the curved outer end of the lever L, which projects into a recess
provided therefor in the shell A, as shown in Fig. 50.. The sectional view Fig. 41
is cut at right angles to the sectional view Fig. 37, and on the line 10-10 of that
figure, and that of Fig. 37 on line 9-9 of the other, through the pins F and F;
and the sectional views Figs. 38 and 42 are cut on the lines 12-12 and 11-11 in
the same way. Figs. 45 and 49 are sectional views cut through the twin pin
tumblers T T, on lines 13-13 and 14-14 of cach other respectively, showing the
tumblers in their outward or engaging positions; and Figs. 46 and 50 are similarly
cut on lines 16-16 and 15-15, and show the twin pin tumblers in their retreated
positions after disengagement, the springs G being pressed into the sockets of the
twin pin tumblers T T, thus leaving the parts G, H and A free to be turned and
operated by the key for the purpose of unlocking the lever L and retreating the
bolt in turn. Figs. 47 and 48 show the corresponding parts of the corresponding
sides of the key and the tumblers T T. In Fig. 47 the rib U, starting from the
left hand side, runs outwardly on opposite sides of the spring G, whereas the
rib U in Fig. 48 runs in the opposite direction; by this means permitting the key
to retreat the two opposite sets of twin pin tumblers by the same continuous
movement. Unless all these parts are made to accurately correspond, in the first
place the key cannot be inserted and reach a position so that the key-seat G can
be moved, and if this object is not accomplished the twin pin tumblers T T cannot
be reached by the key or by any other means, and therefore they cannot: be
retreated; and if the twin pin tumblers on opposite sides are not retreated then the
whole twin pin tumbler device must remain stationary, and remaining stationary,
the locking-lever L cannot be operated; and the locking-lever L not being operated
the bolt B cannot be retreated, and the door locked thereby cannot be opened. In
other words, the arrangement of parts is such that a series of coincident and
co-ordinate relations must be effected before the bolt B can be released from
engagement. And these relations may be so varied in each lock that each tumbler
and its lock can be unlocked only by its own specially fitted key.
Tis the circular table on the lock-plate Q, in the centre of which the inner
collar of the key-seat G is seated or socketed so as to hold that end of the tumbler.
device in position, the opposite or outer end and collar resting in and being supported
by the adjacent lock-plate Q. The key-seat part G is cylindrical in form.
In the arrangement of the parts shown in Figs. 51 to 60, inclusive, the bolt B is
a double hinged bolt, hinged first to the reciprocating bolt 13' at the point H', and
second to the lock-frame at H, the bolt B' provided, as before, with the spring S
and with the locking-tumblers W, WI, W2, more or less, performing the function of
the locking-lever L. The cam C is secured to the spindle F, and the spindle F.
has on its side a cam formation C', the upper shoulder of which first making con-
tact with the shoulder on each one of the tumblers, the tumblers will be lifted so as
to effect disengagement between the pin P and the shoulder N2 of the slot L, in
which slot (L) the pin P¹ moves when the reciprocating bolt B' is retreated; and
the retreat of the bolt is subsequently effected by the contact of the cam C with the
pin on the bolt B', as the backward motion of the spindle F and cam C is con-
tinued, starting from the position shown in Fig. 51. When the parts reach the
positions shown in Fig. 55, the pin P may rest in the shoulder N of the cam C, and
thereby hold the reciprocating bolt, and with it the hinged bolt, in its intermediate
or tripping position (Fig. 55), so that by shutting the door and thereby making.
contact between the roller R and the bevelled part M of the jamb-escutcheon, or by.
touching it with the finger, the two bolts will be tripped, the cam C will fly back to
its original position, shown in Fig. 51, as also will the bolts B B and the several
tumblers, all automatically, through their respective springs. If, however, the
backward movement of the cam C be still further continned, instead of being stopped
with the pin P resting in the notch N, then, when the point of the cam C with its
notch N reaches the pin P and the parts are allowed to rest, they will remain in
the several positions shown in Figs. 57 and 59, still liable to be tripped by slight
pressure upon the front end of the bolt B sufficient to release the engagement of

page_text: the pin P from the notch N', and thereby allow the parts automatically to return
to the positions shown in Fig. 51.
The bolts B B' may also be retreated after the tumblers have been disengaged
therefrom by the action of the key K, which first lifts the tumblers into the proper
position to permit the stud P¹ to traverse the slot L, whereupon the key making
contact with the shoulder E of the bolt B', it may retreat the two bolts and unlock
the door, the parts returning automatically to their locking positions when the key
is removed from the lock. Of course the square stud or pin P' and the pin Pare
secured to and form a part of the bolt B', but on opposite sides of it. The spring S
operates the cam C and with it the spindle and cam C¹ when released; and the
-springs Soperate each its own tumbler. O), Fig. 53, is the shoulder on the tumbler
with which the cam F makes contact for the purpose of lifting the tumbler and
thereby disengaging the pin or stud P from the shoulder or notch N2 of the slot L.
"The roller R is located and secured in the front end of the hinged bolt B and makes
-contact with the jamb-escutcheon so as to be retreated automatically by the closing
of the door in which the lock is located, at any time when the bolt B is not held
by the tumblers.
In the arrangement of the parts shown in Figs. 61 to 82, inclusive, the locking
lever, (which is, in those figures, marked P,) is associated, as in the others, with the
positive-locking, positive-unlocking and freeing cam here marked L, and also with
an extension so shaped as to receive the continuous contact of one end of a tumbler-
key K, (which is one of the unremovable parts or devices of the lock mechanism),
for the purpose of lifting the locking-lever P and unlocking the bolt B, the other
-end of this tumbler-key being so arranged as to subsequently make contact with the
shoulder G of the bolt B for the purpose of retreating the same, and being capable
of retreating the bolt at each backward movement of that part of the tumbler-key.
The extension of the locking-lever also has a further, bent, extension P¹ which
assists in holding the unremovable tumbler-key in place at all parts of its move-
ment. The cam (L) is here, as elsewhere, provided with the cam-seat (Y),
the spring S operates the lever P, the spring S³ secures the cam L, and the
thumb-piece F operates the cam. The locking-lever has the shoulder H for
- engagement with the bolt, as shown in Fig. 63. The bolt B is provided with
the roller R, spring S, and yoke Y in which is located the apparatus for
operating the bolt, consisting of a spindle, the socket C of which has the
metal composing it cut away more on one side than on the other so as to permit
the bolt to occupy either one of two positions, to wit, the extreme forward and
the intermediate positions; and the extensions or wings I) of the spindle-socket
have secured therein the rollers R', R2, which operate the bolt antifrictionally
as the knob is turned for the purpose of moving the bolt when used as a catch-
bolt. One of the lock plates is shown in Fig. 66 in plan view and in Fig. 65
in end view, and the other is shown in plan and end view in Figs. 69 and 68,
respectively. In the former, U is the channel which holds and guides the
bolt B, and in the other the channel U performs the same function on the
- opposite side of the bolt, and it has on its opposite sides the pillars or blocks L'
and L for the purpose of securing the two plates and other adjacent parts
firmly in their positions. Fig. 67 shows the front end of the lock; Figs. 70
to 79, inclusive, the detail parts of it, and Figs. 61 to 64 the parts in their different
⚫ operating relations. Fig. 81 shows the jamb-plate, Fig. 80 an end view of the lock
in the door, and Fig. 82 a view of the adjacent parts of the door and the door-jamb
in their proper relations at the moment the door is about to be closed and the lock
engagement is about to take place by the rolling of the antifrictional device on the
bevel part of the jamb-plate just prior to the projection of the forward end of the
bolt, or the roller into the socket of the jamb-plate, whereby the door is held and
may be locked in place by the automatic engagement of the locking-lever with the
bolt, when the spindle and other parts are in the positions shown in Fig. 63. In
the positions of the parts shown in Fig. 62, the locking-lever slides on the top of the
yoko Y of the bolt without engaging, but when the spindle is turned the other side

page_text: to, as in Fig. 63, engagement will take place unless the action of the spring S¹ is
counteracted by the cam L, when the bolt will be left free and unlocked, as shown
in Fig. 61.
Figure 3 of the drawings is a sectional view cut on the line 3-3, Fig. 2;
Fig. 1 is a front end view of the lock Fig. 4 is a detail view of the cam and the
associated part of the locking-lever; Fig. 6 is in part a sectional view cut on the
line 6-6, Fig. 2; and Fig. 7 is a sectional view cut on the line 7-7, Fig. 2;
Fig. 14 is a sectional view cut on the line 7-7, Fig. 8; Fig. 15 is a sectional view
cut on the lines 8-8, Fig. 8; Fig. 16 is a sectional view cut on the line. 9-9,
Fig. 9; Fig. 24 is an end view of the lock shown in Fig. 17; Fig. 25 is a sectional
view cut on the lines 5-5, Fig. 21; Fig. 26 is a sectional view cut on the
lines 10-10, Fig. 22; Fig. 27 is a sectional view of the lock cut on the lines 11-11;
Fig. 21 Fig. 28 is a sectional view of the lock, door and jamb in general;
Fig. 30 is an end view of the lock shown in Fig. 29; Fig. 31 is a sectional view
cut on the lines 5-5, Fig. 29; Fig. 32 is a sectional view cut on the lines 2-2,
Fig. 29; Fig. 35 is a sectional view cut on the lines 7-7, Fig. 34; Fig. 53 is a
sectional view cut on the lines 4-4, Fig. 51; Fig. 52 is a sectional view cut on the
line 2-2, Fig. 51; Fig. 56 is a sectional view cut on the lines 6-6, Fig. 59;.
Fig. 58 is a sectional view cut on the lines 8-8, Fig. 57; and Fig. 64 is a sectional
view cut on the line -, Fig. 62.
In Claims to 7 the lettering used is that found in Figs. 1 to 7; in Claims 8.
to 10 the lettering used is that found in Figs. 8 to 16; in Claims 11 to 18 the
lettering used is that found in Figs. 17 to 28; in Claims 19 to 30 the lettering
used is that found in Figs. 29 to 50 in Claims 31 to 35 the lettering used is that.
found in Figs. 51 to 60, and in Claim 36 the lettering used is that found in Figs. 61
to 82.
:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,.
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :
1. A spring-catch-bolt in combination with an automatic locking-lever engaging.
therewith in the manner shown and described, and with an independently positive
lifting, independently positive locking, and freeing cam E, .substantially as shown
and described.
2. In locks, a positive locking spring-bolt provided on its outer end with a
concave recess, in combination with a roller socketed in the front end of the bolt
substantially as shown and described, the bolt giving the door solid support in the
jamb-escutcheon, substantially as shown and described.
:
3. In locks, the locking-lever L pivoted at one end, as shown, provided with the
spring S', the cam-seat D and the stop or shoulder N in combination with the
lifting, locking and freeing cam E and spring S2, substantially as shown and described.
4. In locks and in combination, the locking-lever L pivoted at one end, as shown,.
provided with the spring S¹, cam-seat D, stop or shoulder N, key-seat C, the cam E,
the spring S, the key K and the bolt B provided with the shoulder O, substantially
as shown and described.
5. In locks and in combination, the locking-lever L pivoted at one end, as shown,
provided with the spring S', cam-seat D, stop or shoulder N, the key-seat C, the
spring S and the cam E, substantially as shown and described.
6. In locks and in combination, the bolt B provided with the notch H and the
shoulder O, the spring S, the spindle-arm A, the locking-lever L pivoted at one
end, as shown, provided with the spring S', cam-seat D, stop or shoulder N, and
key-seat C, the cam E, spring S2, and the stop G, substantially as shown and
described.
7. In locks, the locking-lever L, lifting, locking and freeing cam E, cam-seat D
and spring S2 in combination, substantially as shown and described.
8. In locks, an automatic locking-lever in combination with a bolt B and a
removable key K engaging the locking-lever to disengage the same and also the
bolt B to retreat the same, substantially as shown and described.

page_text: 9. In locks, an automatic locking-lever in combination with the camn E, a bolt B,
a removable key K engaging the locking-lever to disengage the same and also the
bolt B to retreat the same independently of the knob and spindle, and an eccentric
spindle-socket stopping the bolt in either one of two positions at will one of which
is a locking position in relation to the locking-lever, substantially as shown and
described.
10. In locks, an automatic locking-lever in combination with the cam E, a bolt B,
a removable key K engaging the locking-lever to disengage the same and also the
bolt B to retreat the same independently of the knob and spindle, and an eccentric
spindle-socket stopping the bolt in either one of two positions at will, one of which
is a locking position in relation to the locking-lever, the spindle-socket being
provided with the rollers R' for retreating the bolt independently of the key,
substantially as shown and described.
11. The locking-lever L provided with the pin P', shoulder O and spring R³, in
combination with the positive locking, positive unlocking and freeing cam E, the
bolt B provided with the stud S, notch N' and spring R', and the spindle H provided
with the cams C and C and spring R' for the purpose of unlocking, retreating and
holding in retreat the bolt B, substantially as shown and described.
12. The locking-lever I provided with the pin P', shoulder O and spring R³, in
combination with the positive locking, positive unlocking and freeing cam E, the
bolt B provided with the stud S, notch N and spring R', and the spindle H provided
with the cam C having the notch N, the spring R2 and the cam C, for the purpose
of unlocking, retreating and holding in intermediate retreat and tripping the bolt B,
substantially as shown and described.
"
13. The locking-lever L provided with the shoulder O, the pin P¹ and the.
spring R³, in combination with the positive locking, positive unlocking and freeing
cam E, the bolt B provided with the stud S, pin P, notch N¹ and spring R', the
spindle H provided with the cam C having the pin P2, the cam C' and the spring R³,
and one or more tumblers W1, W2, W³, provided with the notch N³ and slot S³, and
springs R, respectively, all in combination, for the purpose of unlocking, retreating
and holding in retreat the bolt B, and relocking the same automatically, substantially
as shown and described..
14. The locking-lever L provided with the shoulder O, the pin P₁ and the
spring R³, in combination with the positive locking, positive unlocking and freeing
cam E, the bolt B provided with the stud S, pin P, notch N¹ and spring R', the
spindle H provided with the cam C having the notch N, the pin P³, the cam C¹
and spring R, and one or more tumblers W', W2, W, provided with the notch N³
and slot S, and springs R', respectively, all in combination, for the purpose of
unlocking, retreating and holding in intermediate retreat the bolt B, and relocking
the same automatically, substantially as shown and described.
'
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15. The locking-lever L provided with the pin P4, shoulder O and spring R³, in
combination with the positive locking, positive unlocking and freeing cam E, the
bolt B provided with the pin P, socket N and notch N' and spring R¹, the
tumblers W, W, W³, one or more, provided with the slot S³, notch N³ and
springs R³, in combination with the corresponding key K for the purpose of
unlocking and retreating the bolt B, substantially as shown and described.
16. The combination of the cam E, lever L and tumblers W, W and W³, one
or more, for the purpose of positively locking, positively unlocking and releasing
the bolt B, substantially as shown and described.
17. In locks, the double system of devices shown and described consisting of the
bolt B, lever L and tumblers W1, W2, W³, in combination with a suitable key K
and a spindle H provided with cams C and C¹ whereby the bolt may be operated,
at will, either by the key or by the spindle, substantially as shown and described.
18. In locks, the bolt B, provided with a roller R, in combination with a cam
which is capable of retreating, holding and also tripping the bolt, with a locking
and unlocking lever and with a cam for locking and unlocking the same, substan-
tially as shown and described.

page_text: 19. In locks, and in combination, the bolt B provided with the pin P, the lever L
provided with the pin P', and the double cam C C¹ provided with the shoulder N¹,
notch N and spring S₁, substantially as shown and described.
20. In locks, a pin tumbler, a revolving tumbler shell or cylinder and a key for
unlocking and revolving the same, in combination, the pin tumbler projecting
beyond the end of the cylinder or shell for the purpose of engagement when in its
locking position and actuated by the key, in unlocking and revolving the tumbler
cylinder or shell, so as to be drawn inwardly for the purpose of unlocking the same,
substantially as shown and described.
21. In locks, a compressible and opposite-moving pair of pin tumblers in com-
bination with a spring located between them, substantially as shown and described.
22. In locks, a compressible and opposite-moving pair of twin tumblers with a
spring located between them, in combination with an opposite like pair of twin
tumblers and spring and with a key adapted to operate both pairs of tumblers in
unlocking, substantially as shown and described.
23. In locks, the compressible and opposite-moving twin pin tumblers T T
provided with engaging ribs, in combination with the spring G and with the key K
provided with inclined engaging grooves on its opposite edges, substantially as
shown and described.
24. In locks, the compressible and opposite-moving twin pin tumblers T T
provided with engaging ribs, in combination with the spring G³, and also in com-
bination with a like opposite set of compressible and opposite-moving twin pin
tumblers T T in combination with their spring G³, and with the key K provided
with opposite inclined engaging grooves on its opposite edges, substantially as shown
and described.
25. In locks, the compressible and opposite-moving twin pin tumblers T T in
combination with the spring G and also with the pins F and F¹ and the spring G',
substantially as shown and described.
26. In a pin tumbler shell or cylinder, the pin tumbler carriers H H, the com-
pressible and opposite-moving twin pin tumblers TT and spring G³, the pin F1
and spring G', the key-seat cylinder G, and the pin F, substantially as shown and
described.
27. In locks, and within the pin tumbler cylinder or shell and in pairs, the pin
tumbler carriers H H, the pin tumblers T T provided with the spring G³, and the
pins F F provided with the spring G₁ and moving to and fro in planes at right
angles to the plane of the motion of the pin tumblers T T, in combination with the
key-seat cylinder G and key K, the corresponding surfaces of the key and the pin
tumblers being tongued and grooved for the purposes of co-operative action, substan-
tially as shown and described.
28: In locks, a pair of pin tumblers T T, one or more, in combination with the
spring G and located between two lock-plates which are recessed to receive the
ends of the tumblers and thereby hold the tumbler-carrier mechanism in a fixed
position until released by the aid of a key, substantially as shown and described.
29. In combination, the key-seat cylinder G, pins F and F', spring G¹, pin
tumblers T provided on their concave surfaces with the ribs U U, and the key
provided with reverse grooves U¹ U¹ on opposite edges, substantially as shown and
described.
30. In locks, a reciprocating-bolt, a pin tumbler, a revolving tumbler cylinder or
shell located between the two plates of the lock and a key for unlocking and
revolving the same, in combination, the pin tumbler, one or more, projecting
beyond the end of the barrel for the purpose of engagement with the adjacent
lock-plate when in its locking position and actuated by the key so as to be drawn
inwardly for the purpose of permitting the unlocking and revolving of the tumbler
cylinder or shell and also for the purpose of permitting the unlocking and retreating
of the reciprocating-bolt by the tumbler shell, substantially as shown and
described.
31. A lock-bolt provided with an anti-friction roller for contact with the jamb-
A

page_text: escutcheon, hinged in the lock-frame, normally projecting from the lock-frame in
the path of the jamb-escutcheon, and also hinged to a reciprocating-bolt, the
reciprocating-bolt having a spring in charge of both bolts, in combination with a
retreating, holding and tripping cam acting directly on the reciprocating-bolt for
those purposes, substantially as shown and described.
32. A lock-bolt provided with an antifriction roller for contact with the jamb-
'escutcheon, hinged in the lock-frame, normally projecting from the lock-frame in
the path of the jamb-escutcheon, and also hinged to a reciprocating-bolt, the
reciprocating-bolt having a spring in charge of both bolts, in combination with a
retreating, holding and tripping cam acting directly on the reciprocating-bolt for
those purposes, and also with a disengaging cam, and an engaging tumbler, one or
more, which may be disengaged thereby so as to permit the retreat of both bolts by
one and the same movement,
33. A lock-bolt provided with an antifriction roller for contact with the jamb-
escutcheon, hinged in the lock-frame, normally projecting from the lock-frame in
'the path of the jamb-escutcheon, and also hinged to a reciprocating-bolt, the
reciprocating-bolt having a spring in charge of both bolts, in combination with a
retreating, holding and tripping cam acting directly on the reciprocating-bolt for
those purposes, and with a jamb-escutcheon provided with an incline for retreating
the hinged-bolt within its frame and an engaging seat behind the incline to receive.
the released hinged-bolt and secure the door in position, substantially as shown and
described.
34. The reciprocating-bolt B', provided with the pins P P and the head E and
the cams C C¹ in combination with the key K and tumbler W, one or more, provided
with the slot L and notch N³, substantially as shown and described.
35. The reciprocating-bolt B', provided with the pins P P¹ and the shoulder E
and the cams CC in combination with the tumbler W, one or more, provided with
the slot L and notch N³, substantially as shown and described.
36. In locks, an automatic locking-lever, in combination with a positive-locking,
positive-unlocking and freeing cam L, a bolt B, an unremovable tumbler-key K
engaging the locking-lever to disengage the same and also the bolt B to retreat the
same independently of the knob and spindle, and an eccentric spindle-socket stop
stopping the bolt in either of two positions, at will, one of which is a locking
position in relation to the locking-lever, substantially as shown and described.
Dated this Eleventh day of July 1892.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents.