Improved Methods of and Apparatus for Automatically Setting, Adjusting, and Distributing Types.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 14th Nov., 1893
Improved Methods of and Apparatus for Automatically Setting,
Adjusting, and Distributing Types.
.
A communication to me from HUBERT BURG, of Mollkirch, in the County of Rosheim,
in the Empire of Germany, Clergyman.
I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., of 65 and 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agents and Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to he
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, and
accompanying drawings, that is to say :-
The object of this invention is a method of, and an apparatns for, the simultaneous
and automatic setting, justifying, and distributing, of type for printing purposes; by
making use of paper hands, which are perforated by means of an electric typewriter
at the same time as the latter is operated, in the ordinary way, by pressing the keys
corresponding with the type to be printed.
These paper bands thus perforated are made use of in such manner that either the
electric current is caused to pass through certain perforations, thus enclosing in the
circuit certain electric magnets, corresponding to the respective type;-or that pins
upon small lovers are allowed to pass through the said perforations under the influence
of springs, the small levers thus being compelled to oscillate.
The type-setting is performed as follows:-Tho paper band after having been
perforated in the type writer is caused to pass over a board provided with contact
plates. By establishing electric connection through each hole of the paper hand, an
olectro-magnet is excited, thus attracting its armature and causing the removal of the
corresponding type from its box in the type case in such manner that when pushed
out it falls upon a continuously travelling endless band, which is arranged underneath
the case. The type are then all conveyed by the travelling band, but one by one in
the same regular order as they have dropped upon it, by means of a suitable arrange-
ment to a certain spot in the middle of the travelling band, at which they
are turned.
on end and piled up in a stationary collecting channel. By means of an automatically
operating apparatus for measuring the lines, it is rendered possible to separate the
completed line from the following ono, by a specially shaped type which I call the
"End-type," when the former has been nearly completed. The line thus formed is
then pushed into a special channel in front of the main channel, and at the same time
a moveable sliding piece arranged in the said special channel indicates the number of
the necessary spaces, the number of words minus one. As soon as the special channel
is filled, it is removed from the front of the main channel and another empty special
channel takes its place. This done, the completed line has to be adjusted to the
justifier, to which it is conveyed by and with the special channel. The justifying of
the line is done by inserting small iron spaces between the words. After the line is
thus made ready for the press, it is pushed forward to a collecting board from which
the complete set of typo is then taken for printing.
When types are to be returned into their respective boxes in the typo case, after
the whole set has been made use of for printing, they are brought upon the table of
the distributor. By means of a suitable arrangement the first line is separated
from the set by lifting and pushing it into a channel, after the "spaces," which.for
this purpose are made of iron,-have been drawn out and removed by means of
electro-magnets, and then returned to the justifier. The line, which is now free from
spaces, is pushed forward in the said special channel and each type as it reaches the
end of this channel is then raised in such a manner that it is separated from the

page_text: Edwards's Apparatus for Automatically Setting, Adjusting, and Distributing Types.
following ones and pushed into a small box, in front of the channel and attached to an
endless band which travels upon two rollers. With this small box the type are
conveyed by the endless travelling band to the boxes of the distributing apparatus.
By making use of the same perforated paper band, produced and used for the type-
setting. the type are then caused to drop through the respective holes into their proper
boxes, when theso holes pass under the said boxes.
The method, herewith explained in its principles, and the apparatus appertaining to
it, may now he described and shown with reference to the accompanying drawings, in
the same succession as the various operations are performed one after the other, as
follows:-
In thoso drawings,-
Figure 1 gives a plan of the type-setting apparatus, and of the arrangement of the
justifier and the distributor;
Figure 2 shews a longitudinal section of Figure 1 along line -;
Figure 8 is a front view of the apparatus for setting on end and piling the
type;
Figure 4 represents the same in a side view;
Figuro 5 gives the arrangement for removing type from the box of the setting
apparatus ;
Figure 6 represents a front view of the coupling for inserting the mechanism by
which the lino is conveyed into the special channel;
Figure 7, a side view of this coupling
Figure 8, the switch by means of which the board of the line-channel is
moved on;
Figure 9 shows a plan of the contact devices;
Figure 10 is a longitudinal section along y-y of Figure 9 ;
Figure 11 a side view of the apparatus indicating the length of the line;
Figure 12 represents a plan of this apparatus ;
Figuro 12 shows a side-view of a detail;
Figure 18 represents the "justifier," in a general view ;
Figures 14 to 25 show details of the "justifior";
In Figures 26 to 28 the operation is indicated by which the spaces are inserted
between the words;
Figure 29 represents a plan of the distributor;
Figure 30 is a section along - of Figure 29;
In Figures 31 and 32 the piling of the distributed type, into the compositor or
type case, is shown.
Figures 33 to 38, and 48 to 50, shew details of the distributor represented in
Figure 29;
Figure 89 shews the arrangement of the magnets for removing type spaces;
Figures 40 to 43 represent various shapes of types;
Figure 44 is a back view of the bottoni part of the compositor or type case;
Figure 45 shows a side view of a line ready for press;
Figure 46, a plan of the contact devices appertaining to the main channel,
(Figures 1 and 2);
Figure 47 is a front view of these devices;
Figure 48 indicates the working of the bolts which stop the movement of tho
line-channel board;
Figure 49 represents a second position of the apparatus shown in Figure 30;
Figure 50 indicates the working of spindle 218 (see Figure 9) upon band 219;
Figure 51 shews the working of the paper band, which is used for distributing
purposes.
All moveable parts of the whole machine are set in motion by means of a shaft W,
(seo Figure 2 of Sheet 11).
To the sotting apparatus, (Figure 1 on Sheet I and Figure 2 on Sheet II),
belong-
The contact apparatus A, (see also Figures 9 and 10 on Sheet II),

page_text: various type letters,
Further, the arrangement for removing the letters, belonging to the said cases,
The endless band which carries the type to the main channol, and also the two
endless bands D and D' belonging to O,
The arrangement F for setting up and piling type, and the bridge E belonging
to F.
The main channel G and its contact devices y' and H-the formor indicating the
number of words and the latter causing the insertion of the mechanism for pushing
the line into the special channel,
The guiding pieces K, K' belonging to the special channels, and the arrangement
for moving these channels,
Finally, the apparatus for measuring the lines.
In the contact apparatus A, (see Figures 9 and 10 on Sheet III), the paper hand N
which has been perforated by incans of the type-writer, and runs now off the roller b,
travels over the table a with uniformly regulated speed. This motion is caused by
means of the disc d of the driving shaft W (see Figure 2 on Sheet II) and pressure-
roller c, to the latter of which a somewhat larger roller e serves as support. A cross
beam g made of an insulating material and carrying two contact dovicos f and fis
arranged above the table a. Those devices are separately fixed upon the said beam,
and provided each with 10 contact springs h', h³, h³ andi,, . . respectively.
Under the free ond of each of these springs a contact piece A is fitted in the table a
which is itself made of insulating material. "These pieces cross the table entirely,
forming terminals at their other end. One of the contact devices, say, is connected
by means of the terminals, and the other by the terminals, to the poles of an
electric battery or other source of supply Q. Each of the contact springs of the
devices f, say for instance h', is connected with each of the springs of the device f¹ in
such a manner that one of the 100 magnets m which cause the removal of the type,
(Figure 1 on Sheet I and Figure 2 on Sheet II), may be included in as many circuits
as are shown (in the example given in Figuro 9). Each of the type is therefore
affected by two holes in the paper hand, which are found on one and the same line at
right angles with the longitudinal direction of the paper band.
The compositor or type-case boxes B (Figure 1 on Sheet I, Figure 2 on Sheet II,
and Figure 5 on Sheet III,) incliuing slightly to the front, are arranged one beside
the other between the side walls O and 0 of the type-setting apparatus.
The 100 magnets in forming 5 horizontal rows of 20 each are fixed upon the plate P',
(Figure 2 on Sheet 11). In front of their cores are arranged the armatures i
belonging to them. Each of the magnets m is brought in front of the middle line of
the corresponding box, the distance between them being equal to that between the middle
lines of the boxes, (see Figure 39, Sheet II). The armatures l' are attached to hook-like
bent brass lovers which are free to rotate round axles 12. Whilst they are not in motion
a rod passing through the apparatus serves as a stop. The lover 7 presses with its
free end against the lever p which is jointed upon B by p³, (see Figure 5, Sheet III,)
and moveably connected at its bottom end with a small sliding piece p¹. The latter
projects through an aperture of the front wall of the box into the box, and touches
the undermost type of those t piled therein. This lowest type rests upon four short
pins and o, which are fixed to the side walls of B facing each other in pairs,
(Figures 5 and 44 on Sheet III). Springs g and g' cause the return of the ejector
into its normal position of rest. The type of letters and those of spaces (Figures 42
and 40, Sheet II.) have grooves at one of their sides. The so-called end-type"
(Figure 41,) which is always put between the linos whilst the setting is going on, has
a somewhat larger shape than the type of the letters and signs. It is provided with a
drop lateral groove at a higher lovel than the other type. The type for spaces are
smaller than all the others, and serve for separating the words from one another
during the setting operation. For justifying the lines, thin spaces of soft iron are
ude use of, (Figure 48, Sheet II). Underneath the boxes for collecting type, the
endless band travols at a uniform speed, (Figure 1, Sheet I and Figure 2, Sheet II).

page_text: "
It forms an inclined plane running over the two rollers R and R'. As the ejected
type, dropping on this travelling band, must all be conveyed to the same spot, two
additional endless bands D and D₁ are arranged in a diagonal direction.
Theso
bands D and D' run over discs S and S' and S' and S' respectively, and are provided
with small cams or prongs. Moreover, all the type must arrive in front of the
piler" in the same regular order as they have been ejected upon the travelling band,
and for this purpose a somewhat higher speed is given to the bands D and D' thau to
that O, that is to say they travel faster in the samo (but reversed) proportion as the
side a ẞ of the triangle a ẞy is smaller than its hypothenuse a Y. The bovelled
wheels T, Tserve for transmission purposes, and the band O is directly set in motion
by the driving shaft W.
The connection between the band and the setting-up and piling apparatus F is
established by the bridge E (Figure 1 on Sheet I, and Figure 2 on Sheet II,) this
latter being broadest where it touches the band C, and tapering like the convex surface
of a cone to the front. The bridge is more inclined than the band in order to
facilitate the travelling of the type. Side-walls and el prevent the latter from
dropping. The front extremity of the bridge is engaged between the elastic flanges u
and of the discs which rotates continuously on its axis, (Figures 3 and 4 on
Sheet III). This disc is set in motion by the main shaft W. by means of the disc
on the same axle r as the disc a. Two small conos to and slightly press against the
elastic flanges u and u', (Figures 3 and 4 of Shoet III,) of discs in a reversed
direction. As these cones rotate whilst pressing against the Hanges and u', the
latter will not be worn out for a long time. The channel G for piling the type
projects with its bottom part botween the two elastic flanges u and u', and slightly also
into the slot a' of the disc a. By one of the walls of the said groove G, (Figure 1
Sheet I and Figures 2, 43 and 47 on Sheet II,) a contact devico is arranged consisting
of a lever y and piece y'. By this device the magnet y can be enclosed in the electric
circuit, and through this magnet an arrangement consisting of a pawly and a ratchet
wheel is actuated. This arrangement causes the revolution of a disc upon which
an endless hund V provided with projecting pins runs, taking its course froin the wall
of a special channel U which stands just in front of the piling groove to the other
side over a second disc 2. Each of the special channels U is provided with a small
sliding piece D' which connects two neighbouring channels, forming a bridge between
them, and resting upon the side walls which face each other. The sliding pieco U is
engaged by the pins of the band V and drawn with them as far as the special channel U
is removed from the front of the main channel G. In this manner the number of
words belonging to one line set up is marked, which becomes of importance later on
for justifying purposes.
At the sides of the piling channel about an inch from its end, two guiding
pieces H, H (Figure 1, Sheet I, and 46, 47, of Sheet II) are found, between which
a slide H is moveably arranged. An olastic hook-like lever H' is jointed to the said
slide II, projecting with one arm through the side wall of the collecting channel G
and touching the type at the level of the groove of the so-called "end-type."
Therefore all the other type can pass the said lever H' without altering position. If
however an end-type reaches this spot, the hook-like arm of His caused by its
elasticity to enter the groove whilst the other arm touches the connecting piece H.
By this means an electro-magnet His enclosed in the electric circuit (Figure 1, Sheet I,
and Figures 6 and 7, on Sheet 111). The magnet His attached to a perpendicular wall X,
and has two armatures Hand H which form one pair of arms of two levers which rotate
round Y and Y. The other pair of arms Y and Y of these lovers engage with
their ends the projections of two elastic sliding pieces Y and Y which are freely
moveable between guides. The first of these sliding pieces is arranged upon the front
of the perpendicular wall X and the second upon the back of the same. Both face
one another in a horizontal direction and tako between their extremities, which project
above the guides, the moveable part Z of a toothed coupling. Z is mounted upon the
spindle and has at its circumference two pins 1 and 2. When Z is not engaged,
these pins 1 and 2 lie upon the inclined plane of the sliding pieces .Y and Y and

page_text: thus cause Z to stop. The advance of Z to engage the other part 2 of the coupling
(Figure 1, Sheet 1) is caused by a spiral spring 3. Z' is continuously rotated by the
driving shaft W, through the disc Z which is fixed on the same spindle Zas Z. Ou
the spindle Z four excentrics 4, 7, 8, and 9 are fixed. The oxcentric 4. causes a lever 5
to nove, the free end of this lover being connected with the slide H by a cord running
over a pulley 6, (Figure 1, Sheet 1, and 46, Sheet II).
The two excentrics 7 and 8 draw back two elastic locking bolts 10 and 11, engaged
in the teeth of two racks 12 and 13, (see also Figure 48 on Sheet II,) which are
attached to the bottom of the moveable sliding board U upon which rest the special
channels U. The advance of U is caused by the excentric 9, (Figure 1 on Sheet I,
and Figure 8 on Sheet III.) which, by means of the lever 14, works the pawl 15,
this latter engaging the rack 16. This advance is, however, limited by the bolts 10
and 11 which drop back again. At the same time the board U slides upon the
guiding pieces k, k₁ (Figure 1, Sheet I, and Figure 2, Sheet II), which also pass
through the neighbouring justifior I. The apparatus 16 for measuring the lines
(Figure 1, Sheet I, and Figure 2, Sheet II,) is represented in Figures 11, 12, and 124,
Sheet IV, shewing also those neighbouring parts of the type-setting apparatus which
are intimately connected with the first-named apparatus. In Figure 12, the system of
commutating the electric circuit is also shewn.
Upon two moveable rods M and M10 rests by means of its axle M a revolving
cylinder M. These rods are connected to each other by cross-pieces 26 and 27,
(Figure 12,) guided by the supports 17, 18, 21, and 22, and controlled by set-
screws 19, 20, 28, and 24. The cylindor M is provided upon its convex surface with
a screw-like projection M. Upon the axle M a disc M' is fixed, and a spiral
spring M causes the cylinder M to rotate. To the circumference of the disc M*
cord M" is attached running over guide pulleys to the disc M belonging to the
commutator 53.
M is always touching the end faces of two abutments M and M. A cam M
between these abutments is fixed upon a spindle M which extends over the whole
width of the type-setting apparatus, and touches also the projection M'. At the
bottom part of the spindle M a series of pins provided with eyes 25 are arranged.
Each of these pins is connected by a cord 28 with the hook-like armature lever of
one of the hundred electro-magnets m. These pins are of various lengths, that is to
say, their length is proportioned (in a reversed sense) to the width of the corresponding
type. Therefore, in case a certain letter-type is ejected, the cylinder M and its
supports M and M are removed to a certain distance, corresponding to the width
of the lettor-type in question. Instead of making the pins 25 of different length,
the same result way he obtained by altering the point 29 where the cord 28 is
fastened to the lever 1, and by fixing this point at a more or less high level for
the different letter-types. Near one of the supports, two metal rails 30 and 31 are
arrauged. 30 carries an adjustable sliding piece 32 which is fixed by a set-screw,
and through which passes an axle 83, (see also Figure 12, Sheet IV). At one
end of this axle 33 a key lever 34 is fixed, whilst the other end of the axle 88
forms a support for a connecting spring 35. The lever 34 is in connection with
the rod M and raises the spring 35 from the rail 31, the latter being placed
directly underneath this spring, and the lever 34 hanging, from its own weight,
in a downward direction. At the other end of the rail 31 is placed a connecting
lever 36 which causes the breaking of the electric circuit by means of a spring 85
when the magnet 37 acts upon it. Besides this, four other magnets may be seen
in the commutator contrivance. The magnet 38 is connected by an electrio wire
with the rails 30 and 31 and has two armature-levers 39 and 40, which are.
simultaneously attracted by it. When used in the ordinary manner the magnet 44
is included in the wire 1 by means of the armature 39 and contact 41.
however, the magnet 38 is excited, then the magnet 45 will be included in the
wire I by means of a contact 12. The armature lever 40 includes the magnet 52
in the wire L' by means of a contact 43. All these magnots 44, 45, and 52, are
algo connected with the common oircuit wire L. On the contact devices of tho
If,

page_text: type-setting apparatus, (Figure 12, Sheet IV, and Figure 9, Sheet III), behind the
small contact plate of the spring i', (this plate serving at the same time as
contact device for spaces and division-signs), a metal rail 48 is fitted in the table a.
The perforated band N runs therefore also over this inetal rail 48, over which the
ends of several small rods 51 extend. At one end these rods are jointed to a
metal standard 50. As soon as an aperture of the band N reaches this point, one
of these rods is enabled to touch the metal rail 48 and the electric circuit is at
once closed, this is effected by spring which also corresponds with the same
aperture.
By the circuit thus closed beforehand, the magnet 87 is oxcited. An upright
arm 252 which is mounted upon one end of a spindle 253 is acted on by the
rod M, the latter traversing the standard 50. At the other end of the spindle 253
is fixed a bent lever 254, which is arranged to engage the bottom parts of the
small rods 51. The magnet 44 causes the ejection of the space type, whilst 5%
causes that of the hyphens or division signs, and 45 the ejection of the end-type.
A commutator 58 serves to facilitate the speely return of the cylinder M to
its normal position, after the line is completed.
The board U, (Figure 1, Sheet I, Figuro 2, Shoet II), is pushed to the justitier I,
(Figure 1, Sheet 1), as soon as all its special channels U are filled up. All the
parts of the justifier are mounted upon both sidos of a metal plate II, which is
shown partly cut off in the general view of the apparatus, (Figure 13, Sheet V),
in order to show the driving mechanism. Through an aporture III of plato II,
the board U is pushed and maintained in proper position by two bolts 54 and 55
connected to each other, whilst the justifying operations are going on. As soon
as the said board is freed again, it is pushed forward by means of a spring
working upon a pawl 152. The connecting piece of both the bolts serves as an
armaturo to the magnet 58. The latter and its armature are included in the
lectric circuit by the contact 56, as soon as the pin 57 of the sliding piece 58
strikes upon ono of the arms of 56. The sliding piece 58 is actuated by a
spring 59, which engages an arm of the lever 60, connected to the axle 61 of
the said piece, and through this axle also with the regulating rod 62. Another
regulating rod 63 is connected with the second arm of 60 and with one of the
arms of lever 64, which turns on its pivot 65. The second arm of the pivotted
lever 64 plays between the two points of the pushing rod 66, which is pressed by
the spring 67 towards tho excentric 68 of the spindle VII, (Figure 24, Sheet VI).
The sliding piece 58 pushes the line to be justified out of its special channel U
through a passage 70 to the bottom 71. The line is thus caused to push the sliding
piece 72, which is arranged in front of it, in ordor to prevent the type froin turning
over. This sliding piece 72 has a somewhat deep incision 73 and is loosely connected
to the sliding piece 58 by means of a rod 74, in such a manner that it is rendered
possible for it to be drawn only to the left, in order to bring it back to its first
and normal position. Above the bottom 71, two slots 75 are formed in the plate II,
through which the two flanges of a U-shaped rail 76, (Figures 14 and 15), pass
and operate upon the line from a lateral direction. 76 is pushed through
by a lover 77 which is actuated by means of the excentric 78 of the spindle VII,
(Figure 27, Sheet VI). The sliding piece U on each of the special channels U,
(see Figure 1, Shoot 1, and Figure 2, Sheet II), indicates by its position the
number of words of the line in question. It (U) reaches, at the left hand, one
of the teeth of the sliding piece 79, so that it can be drawn with this piece to
the left. A sliding piece 80, which extends downward at a right angle is placed
upon the covor 81 of the passage 70, whilst the front of it is pressed towards the
iron spaces in the channel 82 by means of a spring.
The sliding piece 80 is traversed in its prolongation by a small rod 90, which
is noveably fitted inside the horizontal slot 88 of a perpendicular sliding piece 84.
Upon the top surface of the sliding piece 80, a certain number of ratchet teeth
are arranged, with which the locking hook or pawl 85 engages. The drawing
back of the said sliding piece-through the pawl 85-is effected by the excentrio 86,

page_text: and the two interposed levers 87 and 88. The end of the groove 82 for the iron
spaces forms an inclined part 89, the bottom of which allows a sliding piece 90 to
pass through; this piece itsolf presses against the spaces in the groove 82; it is
set in motion by means of the excentric 255 mounted upon a spindle VII, and by
means of an angled lever 257 which is arranged to turn round 256. The diso 91,
disposed between the two oblique parts 89 and 92 of the groove for the iron spaces,
continuously rotates for the purpose of setting up and piling in regular order all the
spaces, which are to slido upon 92. Underneath the channel 82 is fitted into the
metal plate II, a sliding piece 93 upon which a plate 94 is adjustably arranged
between guides. The adjusting of 94 is effected by means of a cam 95, the axle of
which passes through the sliding pioco 98, being itself rigidly connected at its
back with one side of a small frame or parallelogram 95* fixed to 93. In the
horizontal top sido of this small parallelogram 95 is a slot, in which a rack 98 is
adjustably and moveably fastened at one of its ends 96, its other and turning round
the pivot 97, (Figure 13, Sheet V). The whole width of the rack-teeth, which are
arranged in stops to the left hand, is equal to the distance which the sliding piece U'
must pass over when moved along the special groove during the type-setting operation,
after a word is completed (see the above description). If, for instance, the first step
(counting from the right to the left hand) of any of the teeth rests upon the sliding
piece U, room is made between the front face of the sliding-piece 80 and the
adjustably arranged plato 94, but only for one iron space; if however the second step
rests upon U, room is made for two suoh spaces, and so on. Above the left hand
end of the groove 82 for the spaces, a perpendicular sliding pieco 100 is arranged.
This piece being held by a tensile spring, presses from above upon the spaces in front,
and can be set in motion by an excentric 101, (Figure 23, Sheet VI). Below the
sliding pieco 93, another piece 153 slidos against it with a slightly greater speed, so
that the premature dropping of the spaces then botweon 80 and 94 may be prevented.
The action of the rack 98, the sliding-piece 79 and piece U of the "justifier"
will now however be more particularly described.
The piece U, already herein before described, is a small sliding piece,. which,
serving as bridge for the spaco between the two neighbouring special channels U,
rests upon the two side walls of the same facing each other.
By the pins of the band V, this sliding piece U is taken and drawn forward to
such an extent as will be necessary for the next following romoval of the special
channol U in question, from the front of the accumulating groove G.
The band advancing intermittently after each word has been completed (this
completion being marked each time by a space-type)-by means of the contact
devices y and the pawl and ratchet arrangement (this latter being set in
motion by the electro-magnets), the sliding-piece U will also be displaced after
the completion of each word, from the right to the left along a certain distanco and
upon its supports, in such a manner that the position of the sliding-piece U' indicates
(or directly agrees with) the number of words contained in the line in question.
But as soon as the line inside its special channel U is removed from the front of
the accumulating groove G, the sliding-piece U'stops in its last position and maintaining
this position will be carried into the "justifier" by the advance of the whole
(special channel) board U. Whilst this is going on, the sliding piece U¹ is brought
underneath a tooth of the rack 98. This rack 98 is arranged so that it can turn
round a pivot 97, and can be raised and lowered by means of the lever 64. The
lowering is effected as soon as another special channel U is pushed into the
"justifier." The other end of the rack 98 has its bearing in a slot on the upper side
of the parallelogram 95, where it is arranged to freely move up and down. The
bottom end of the left side of the parallelogram 95 is rigidly connected with a
cam 95, which transmits the motion caused by the up and down movement of the
rack 98, first to the parallelogram and then to the adjustably arranged moveable
plate 94, compelling the latter to slide to the right or to the left according to the
higher or lower position of the rack 98. A spring, arranged at the right end
of plate 94 serves to assist the latter in its motion to the right.

page_text: As has already been herein before described, after the new line has been convoyer
into the "justifier" and after all the other parts of this apparatus are consequently
placed at their respective places (as has been heretofore described in detail), the
sliding piece 80 presses the line into its special channel U by means of the rod 99,
which crossing the slot 88 of the sliding piece 84 hangs in it, whereby the rod 99
engages the slot 73 of the sliding piece 72, this piece directly prossing against the
line. At the same time, the sliding piece U (registering the words), belonging to
the line in question and sliding upon the special channels U, is pushed back by means
of the sliding-piece 79, which is also worked by the rod 99; and for the purpose of
drawing the piece U' with it, the said piece 79 is provided at its bottom part with
prongs or projections.
The action of sliding itself takes place through the displacing of the spaces inside
the channel 82; these spaces leaning at one side towards the sliding piece 80 are
pushed in a forward direction by the sliding piece 90 as far as the empty space in
the line in question may allow this advance. But this advance of the spaces will be
limited by the fact that the sliding piece 80 is stopped as soon as the line reaches
the left end of its channel.
The sliding piece 90 is worked through tho angular lever 257 and the excentric 255
In order to rendor the devices variablo in length, it is desirable to interpose an
elastic connection between the excentric which works the lever, and the lever itself.
This interposing of an elastic connection is wanted because the motion of the sliding
piece 90 must be of variable extent, the lines to be justified being of various length.
In Figure 52 such an elastic connection is represented; it consists of an arrange-
iment of a spring 255* between the upper arm of the angular lover 257 and the one-
armed lever 255 working it. The lover 255 is directly worked, by the excentric 255.
As soon as the line has been moved to the left end of its channel by means of
the sliding piece 80, the lover 255 is raised by the excentrio or oam 255 and is then
no longer able to work the lever 257 because of the yielding of the spring 255*. Of
course the spring 255 must be of such strength, that it may be capable of effecting
the advance of tho spaces inside the channel 82 without being proviously stretched.
At this moment as many spaces as are necessary for the completion of the line,
will be placed above the aperture formed between the sliding piece 80 and the
channel, inside which the adjustably arranged moveable plate 94 is travelling, and it
will now be shewn how these spaces are caused to enter in propor quantities the
spaces between the various words.
As already explained, simultaneously with the line being pushed to the end of
its channel U, the sliding piece U₁ (registoring the words) is also displaced and
brought underneath one of the step-like teeth of the rack 98. The width of such a
tooth corresponds or agrees completely with the distance the sliding piece U is to
pass over at each intermittent motion occurring after a word has entered the line.
For instance, in case of eight words being contained in the line and room for seven
spaces being therefore left, the sliding piece U is compelled to tako its place under-
neath the seventh tooth of the rack 98. On the other hand, the height of the steps of
the rack teeth is calculated so that in case the undermost step rests upon the sliding
piece U only one space will be enabled to drop; in case the second stop rests upon
this sliding piece, only two spaces are enabled to drop, and according to the step
resting upon this sliding pieco, three, four, and so on, spaces are enabled to drop
into the space between the words. The width of all the steps of the same tooth is
the same; but the width of the steps of two or more different teeth is not the same.
For instance, the width of the steps of the first tooth (counting from the right to
the left) is equal to twice the thickness of a space-type, that of the steps of the second
tooth is equal to three times the thickness of a space, and so forth.
Now, as soon as the spaces 82 (see Figure 13) are pushed in a forward direction,
the sliding piece 80 is caused, as has already been explained, to move to the
lett, and draws with it by means of the rod 99 not only the line itself, but also
(by means of tho pronged sliding piece 79) causes the sliding piece U' (registering
the words) to move back along the same distance; that is to say, if, for instance,

page_text: twenty-two spaces (for dividing the words from each other) are to be inserted into
the line, the sliding piece U₁ will be caused to move in a backward direction &
distance equal to twenty two times the thickness of a space, and this sliding piece
innst therefore stand underneath the third step of the seventh tooth, because the
width of each stop of this tooth is equal to seven times the thickness of a space.
If now the rod 98 drop, it will rest upon this third step of the seventh tooth and
consequently three spaces at one time are inserted, because each height of the
stops corresponds to one of the spaces to be inserted. All this is effected because
room is only left for threo spaces between the adjustably arranged plato 94 and
the right front side of the sliding pieces 80, for, by the lowering of the rack 98
the parallelogram 95 is also compressed and consequently the cam 95 will be
rotated through a certain angle determined beforehand. The advance of the line
into the channel of the "justifier" (or justifying channel) is caused through the
sliding piece 58 (the latter worked by the regulating rod 62) in the manner
already hereinbefore described.
At the front wall of the passage 70, a slide 102 is placed. This slide is represented
in Figures 18 to 22 ou Sheet VI, of which Figure 18 shews a front view, (similar to
Figure 13 of Sheet V), and Figure 10, a side view, (seen from the right hand of
Figure 18), whilst Figures 20 to 22 show the plan of the slide in various positions.
The slide 102 is moved between guides 103 and 104 and carries a bent. lever 109
which rotates round 110 and engages at its free end 111 a sliding piece 106, which is
moveably arranged in a guide 105, in an upright position at the end of the slide 102.
The sliding piece 106 is provided with two projections, one 108 at the bottom
part and the other larger one 107 at its top part. The lever 109 is engaged by
lever 112 (Figure 18, Sheet V), the end of which is forked. Swinging in a parallel
plane to that of the slide 102, the lever 112 causes not only the slide 102 to slide, but
also the sliding pioce 106 to advance. It (112) is pivotted at 117, (see Figure 18),
and driven by the excentric 116 by means of a rod 114 and lover 115, whilst a
spring 113 acts upon 116 in the reverse direction. At both the sides of the passage 70,
pins are arranged at the level of the side grooves of the type, into which they engage.
As the grooves of the space types, which separate the various words, are not made at
the same level as those of the other type, the spaces are not allowed to pass. If it is
intended to advance the line further on, the corresponding space must first be lifted,
so that its incisions may correspond with the level of the pins. This is done by a
lever 118 and its pin 119. The free end of the former is acted on by a moveable cam
of the sliding piece 120, which itself is actuated by the excentric 123 through the
double armed lever 122, the latter being arranged to rotate round 121. Springs 124
and 125 canse the lever 118 to return to its normal position. The eccentric 126
compels the pin 129 which passes through the plate 11, to press upon the sliding
piece 80 by the aid of the double armed lever 127, which is controlled by the
spring 130 and rotates round the pivot 128, (see also Figures 15 and 16 of the anime
sheet).
Besides the excentrics 116, 128, and 126, there is upon the spindle VI an
irregular disc 131, which by its projecting part causes the lever 132 to move, the
latter being connected with the sliding piece 93 by a rod 133.
The whole mechanism of the justifier is driven by the spindle IV which is set in
continuous revolution by the main shaft W, (Figure 2 on Sheet II).
On the spindle 1V are loosely mounted two wheels 134 and 135, which are
however prevented from sliding endways. The wheel 134 engages with a smaller
wheel 186 upon the spindle VI, whilst the wheel 135 engages with the wheel 187
upon the spindle VII. The arrangement of the wheel 135 is such, that it can be
driven with the spindle IV only when n coupling 188, which is attached to the
spindle W by an elastic wedge, actually engages said wheel 135. This is effected by
a magnet 140, which is excited, when included in the electric circuit through the
striking of the rod 62 at one of the sides of the angle 148, and which then causes a
sliding piece 142 to move back. At the bottom end of the latter an oblique face is
formed, against which a pin 149 of the coupling 188 is pressed. After the pin 149
B

page_text: has been freed again, the coupling 138 is: pressed by the spring 150 against the
wheel 135. On the wheel 137 of the spindle VII is fixod a diso 141 which has a
groove at its circumference, engaging with one end of a double armed lever 144
which is free to turn round 143. Thus the disc 141 acts like an excentric with regard to
this lever 144. The other end of the latter forms a fork engaging with a cone 145 which
slides upon 145, (see Figure 17 of the same sheet). A projecting piece of a lever 147,
which turus round 146, is pressed by a spring 151 towards the convex surface of
the said cone 145. The forked end of lever 147 engages in a circular groove of
the coupling 189 and canses the engaging of the wheel 134 upon the spindle IV,
As soon as the cone 145 bus been advanced by the lever 144.
effected as soon as the other end of the lever 144 drops into the slot in the circum-
ference of the disc 141. By reason of the engagement of the wheel 184, the
spindle VI is caused to rotate, but as soon as the revolution of this spindle is
completed, the coupling 189 is caused to ho again engaged, by the dropping of the
lever 144 into the slot of the disc 141.
This is
Figures 28 and 25 represent the method of transmission of motion from the
excentrics to the corresponding sliding pieces or lovers, shewing those parts in sido
view, whilst Figures 26 to 28 plainly indicate the insertion of the spaces between
the various words.
After the printing, when the type are to bo distributed into their respective
boxes, a whole set of type is brought upon the tahle 154 of the distributor, (Figures 83,
35, and 38 on Sheet VIII). Upon this solid stationary table a slide 155 of angular
cross section is caused to move and thereby to cause the said set of type in front
of it to be pushed further on. This motion is effected by making use of
contrivances which are composed each of two solid excentrics 161 mounted upon
a spindle 169, and of a rack 157 and pawl 156. All the racks 157 are guided at
the left and the right band, in the sides of the table, and each carries a peg 158
projecting through a slot in the side. A tensile spring 159 works upon this peg
and a lever 160, the motion of which is caused by the excentric 161 pressing
against the said peg. Besides this excentric 161 the spindle 169 also carries the
excentrics 170, 171, and 171*. The excentric 170 communicating motion to the
levers 172 which are connected to each other by a spindle, the ends of these
levers are connected to one another by a rod 174, upon which two electro-
maguets 175 are attached by one of their poles. The two other poles are connected
to each other by a second rod 176 of soft iron, which thus forms an armature to
the electro-magnets 175, (Figure 35, Sheet VIII). This rod 176 is ordinarily placed
above the completed line, which is raised by the excentric 171, lever 178, and
sliding piece 179, the latter being guided in slots 192. After the iron spaces have
heen removed, the rod 176 is brought by means of the excentric 170 to an
inclined groove 177 into which the spaces drop, when the electric circuit of the
electro-magnets 175 is broken by reason of the altered position of the rod 176.
Through the said groove 177, the iron spaces return to the justifier. In
front of the sliding piece 179 and above the set of type to be distributed,
a removeable board 181 is arranged, the surface of which lies in the
same plane as the upper edge of the sliding piece 179 when lifted to the
level of the bottom of the channel 182. In order to push the line, which
stands upon the sliding piece 179 into the channel 182, as soon as the contact
device 164 closes the electric circuit, a sliding piece 178 is advanced upon the
said board 181, by means of two levers 162 and 162" which are caused to
move by the magnets 168 and 163, and which engage pegs 180 and 180. the
latter projecting through laterally arranged slots in the side. The contact devico 164
is closed by projections 187, 188, 189, which are loosely attached to an endless
band 188 and arranged at certain distances from each other, these distances being
slightly greater than the length of the line. The endless band runs in front of
the channel 182 over pulleys 184 and 185 through a guiding channel 186. The
closure of the contact 164 itself takes place, as soon as the hook which, passes
near its spring presses this spring against the contact. All the hooks penetrate

page_text: into the side of the channel through a slot, and take hold of the line, which has
just come in. At the same time as the lifted line is advanced in the channel 182,
the spindle 169 is set in rotation; this spindle being then coupled to the main
shaft W through the disc 168 which permanently rotates on 169. The engaging
of the coupling is affected by the withdrawal of the inclined plane 165, which
serves as a support for the pin 190 attached to the circumference of 167, whereby
this pin will be freed. The plane 165 is connected by the rod 166 to one of the
two levers 162 in such a manner, that as soon as this lever is moved, the plane is
drawn with it. If the electric circuit which excites the magnets 163 is broken,
the spring 191 is caused to withdraw the lever 162 and consequently also the
sliding piece 178. The breaking of the circuit takes place as soon as the books 188
have passed over the contact spring 164, and the latter is freed again. The
inclined plane 165 of 166 also returns to its normal position, the pin 190 being
caught by it and thus disengaging the spindle 169 from the main shaft. The
endless band 183 is set in motion through the friction of dise 184 upon its axle 194,
the latter being continuously rotated by the pulley 198, the motion of which is
imparted from the main shaft W.
To the right channel 182 is joined a prolonged channel 195. Over the end of the
latter an endless band 219 carrying small boxes 211 is led, (Figures 3 and 84,
Sheet VIII, Figures 29 und 80, Shoet VII, and Figures 49 to 51, Sheet IX); tho
said small boxes are closed at the top, and at the sides where they touch each other,
but open at the bottom and at the remainder of their sides. The top of the boxes
is traversed by the rods 213 belonging to small indiarubber pistons 214. The
sides of the boxes are filled up by springs 212 which maintain the type introduced.
In the side of tho said channel 195, near its end, an opening 198 is formed,
through which a lever 197 penetrates with its hook-shaped ond, pressing the type
which lies in front of it to the opposite side as soon as the inclined part of the
lover 196 works upon the inclined part at the free end of the lever 197.
The lever 196 can turn round the pivot 220 and engages by its two pins with
a horizontal sliding bar 199. In the same manner also one of the arms of an
angular lever 200 is connected with this bar. The other arm of the said angolar
lever is connected with a pushing piece 201 which posses through the bottom of
ebannel 195 at its end where one of the type is lying, and which is drawn down
by the spring 202. The bar 199 bas at its top face a somewhat larger projection 203
and at its bottom face a smaller one 205. It is pushed to the right by a spring 204
as soon as the projection 205 is freed from the armature 206 of a pair (207) of
electro-magnets. The exciting of the latter takes place when the electric circuit
is closed by the contact springs 221 of the piece 224, (see Figure 29, Sheet VII),
as soon as one of the perforations of the paper band N, (the same which was
used for the type-setting) passing underneath, allows the metal piece 223 to
touch the piece 224. This metal piece 228 is arranged in the broad table 225,
which is supported by brackets , (Figure 2, Sheet 11), and placed nour the
o of the setting apparatus. The bar 199 is caused, to return to its normal
position by pins on the disc 209 which is firmly mounted on a spindle 208 which
continuously follows the rotation of the samo. The motion of the spindle 208 is
transmitted by means of a cord and disc 210 from the main shaft W, (Figure 2,
Sheet II). The endless band 219 runs over two pulloy-like discs 222 and 247 and
pusses not only the channel 195 but also all the boxes of the type-case B of the
type-setting apparatus. The diso 222, (see also Figure 50 of Shuet LX), is loosely
fixed upon a vertical spindle 218 in such manner, that it is drawn with it by friction
as soon as a paw! 217 which engages with teeth at the bottom part of the suid
dise will allow it. The vertical spindle 218 is rotated by means of toothed
wheels 248, whilst the motion of the pawl 217, which rotates round 216, is caused
by the diso 209, the pins of which work upon an inclined laterally projecting
piece 215. The other dise 247, (see also Figure 51, Shoot IX), rotates loosely on
a stationary vertical axle 227, and transmits its intermitting motion (imparted by
the disc 222) to a second vertical spindle 249 by means of the teeth 226 attached

page_text: to the bottom part of the disc 247 engaging with a wheel 228 on this second
spindle 249, the latter imparting its motion by means of toothed wheels 229 to the
roller 280 which causes the paper band N to travel. Tho arrangement, which
causes the ejection of the type in the small boxes 211 of the endless band 219,
when they reach the corresponding box of the type case B, is mounted upon a.
table 225 and consists of a combination of various levers. A lever 234 is moveably
fixed upon a strengthening piece 281 and guided in slots of two pieces 282 and 288
-between which the paper band N runs. At the free end of the said lever 284, and
keeping the same lino, another lover 286 is movably and elastically attached, in such
a manner that it can give way in a downward direction. Two pins 235 corre-
sponding with the respective boles of the paper band N, and with the corresponding
type, are firmly fixed to the bottom face of the lever. 234, that is to say in the
part of it which is between the guiding pieces 232 and 233. One arin of the lever
which turns round 245 is also at the botton face of lover 234, touching with its
upright end 244 a point between the said strengthening piece 231 and its moveable
connection with 236. The other arm 246 of the lever 243, which is heavier
than 243, carries a pawl, which can engage with a solid corrugated roller 250, (in a
similar way as with the teeth of a wheel), which is mounted upon a spindle 208.
The upright arm 237 of the angular lever 240, the latter being noveably attached
at 238 to a U-shaped cross-bar 239,.is supportod. by the free ond of the moveable
part 236 of the lever 234. The other horizontally arranged arm of the said angulor
lever passes
with its free end over the projecting rods 213 of the pistons 214,
(see Figure 30), whilst a projection 241 at the bottom part of the arm onguges with
the corrugated roller 250. The spring 242 gives the lever 240 force enough to push
the type out of their small boxes, and the typo then slides through the channel 251
into a channel B', which itself sliding upon B is continuously moved to and fro.
The bottom of this moveable channel B' forming an inclined plane B' and leaning
with its straight prolongation B upon the type in the case B, passes through the
back of the latter. The lower part of B₁ consists of a plate B which also forms an
inclined plane. The sides of the said channel B' have also a downward prolonga-
tion B' and hold between them an indiarubber roller B8. Upon the inclined part
of B of the channel bottom, an eye B is provided, in which a thread B is attached,
the latter being led over a roller B (Figures 30 and 49). A second roller B' which
carries two strengthening pieces of an elastic material, placed in a diametrical
direction to each other, is caused to continuously rotate over the roller B, in such a
manner that the strengthening pieces reach the thread B₁ and from time to time
draw. it with then, whereby the channel B' is caused to be lifted and lowered
alternately.
In the following part of the description, the working of the various contrivances
and devices of the machine is explained, making the same succession of operations
as above.
The paper band N, which has been perforated beforehand, in the well-known
manner by means of un electric typewriter, is wound on the roller b and then put
into the contact-apparatus A, (Figure 1, Sheet I, Figure 2, Sheet II, and Figures U
and 10, Sheet III). The main shaft W by which all the moveable parts of the
machine are simultaneously driven is now set in motion. By the pressure roller o
the said paper band N is compelled to pass between the contact-springs h and i of the
respective projecting pieces and and the contact devicos belonging to them,
a continuously uniform speed being imparted to this paper band. As soon as the
first apertures in N allow the connection of the two corresponding springs h and i,
with their contact-pieces k, one of the hundred magnets m will be excited. These
magnets cause the ejection of the type t from their box B, and the magnet causes
the one type, which corresponds to the two passing apertures, to be removed from
its box, B, (Figure 1, Shoot I, Figures 2 and 39, Sheet II, Figures 5, 9, and 44,
Sheet II). The corresponding armature is then attracted and thus causes the
lever to move. This latter presses upon pin such a manner that the plunger pl
enters the corresponding box B and pushes the undermost type so far, that its lateral

page_text: as tho
grooves lie upon the pins o, and its end face behind the pins », (soo the dotted
position in Figure 5, Sheet III). The type thus losing its support drops now
upon the endless travelling band C, whilst the type remaining in the box
automatically follows up the movement of the one leaving it. As soon
corresponding holes in the paper band have passed over the said contact devices,
the electric circuit is again broken and the springs and y' cause the pushing
device to return to its normal position. Simultaneously with the ejection of the
type, (Figure 11, Sheet IV), the cylinder M of the apparatus for measuring the line
is caused to rotate through a certain angle to the right. This is effected through
the armature, cord 28, lever 25 upon spindle M, and cam M, which is fixed
upon this spindle, the angle of revolution being in proportion to the width of the
corresponding type. After the electric circuit is again broken in m, and the lever!
has returned to its normal position, the cylinder M being now freed from the
influence of the cam M upon the screw-like projection M', will be forced, by the
pressure of the spring M, to rotate round its axis until the projection M reaches
the abutments M and M. By these proceodings the type are ejected from their
boxes one after the other, dropping upon the endless band C in the same order as
the corresponding perforations of band N pass the contact devices in the contact
apparatus, and at the same time-following exactly the ejection of the type,-the
cylinder M of the apparatus for measuring the line rotates, only through an angle
corresponding with the width of the relative type.. But all the type falling upon
the band have now to be conveyed to the same spot,-namely to the bridge E
(Figure 1, Sheet 1). This is effected by means of the two diagonally arranged
bands D and D, their lateral projections engaging with all the type which they
reach, and causing them to travel to the said bridge E. Although the various
distances to be passed may be of more or less extent, all the type must nevertheless
take exactly the same time for their journey, in order to reach the common menting
spot (the bridge E), in the same regular order as controlled by the paper band N.
For this purpose a higher spoed is imparted to the bands D and D than to the
band C. The different speeds have a different mathematical proportion; namely, the
speed of O is to that of D and D' as the length of the side a B is to that of
the hypotenuse y a in the right-angled triangle a ẞy, (Figure 1, Sheet I). The
type therefore pass the bridgo E in the same regular order as they havo fallen upon
the travelling band C, and are carried on one after the other to the apparatus F,
(Figure 1, Sheet I, Figure 2, Sheet 11, Figures 3 and 4, Sheet III), where they are
set up and piled together. In this apparatus the typo are engaged by the elastic
flanges and u of the disc s, which is slightly pressed by the cones to and to.
The type are thon drawn with and set up on the bottom of the collecting channel G,
the following type, in order to find room, simply pushing forward the preceding
one. Euch word is separated from the following one by a space type (Figure 42,
Sheet 11), just as has hitherto been done by hand. The lines are separated from
each other by the so-called "endtype" (Figure 41, Sheet II). In Figure 45,
Sheet II, the completion of a line is shown in detail. After the collecting
channel G has been filled with type, the first of them are removed from that channel
into the channel U which stands in front of it. In order to prevent the type. from
turning over, they are held inside the channel U by the sliding piece U which is
pushed forward by them. The two contact levors y and H touch with their hook-
like ends continuously the top and sides of the type. As soon as a word is finished
a space appears underneath the contact-lever y, separating the finished word from
the next one. This space being of smaller size than the other type, the hook-like ends
of y can enter its concavity or groove and the electric circuit will be closed through y'.
This closing causes the electro-magnet y (Figure 2, Sheet II) to be excited, the
armature-levery belonging to it is attracted, and the pawl causes the ratchet
wheel to rotate through an angle corresponding with one tooth. This wheel
transmits its motion to the endless band V which runs over the rollers 2 and 2!,
and the sliding-piece U of the channel U is thus forced, by means of the projecting
pins upon the band V, to advance a certain distance to the left hand. As soon as

page_text: the line is completed and the "end-type" appears in front of the end of the lever H
which projects into the collecting channel G, (Figure 1, Sheet I, and Figures 46
and 47, Sheet II), the end of this lever drops into the groove of the "endtype"
(this groove or recess being made only for this purpose) and the other arm of H
closes the electric circuit through its connection with H. But in this circuit is also
enclosed the coupling electro-magnet H, (Figure 1, Sheet I, and Figures 6 and 7,
Sheot III), which, attracting the armatures H and H, causes the return of the two
inclined planes Y and Y. Through this motion the pins 1 and 2 which retain one
half (Z) of the coupling are freed, and Z is allowed to be pressed forward by the
spring 3 and to engage the other half Z' of the coupling, in such a manner, that the
spindles Z and Z are set in rotation. At the same time the excentric 4 presses
down the lever 5 and draws the sliding piece H sharply to the left, being assisted in
this operation by a cord which runs over the pulley 6, (Figure 1, Sheet I, and
Figuros 46 and 47, Sheet II). The line is now entirely pushed into its channel, as the
lever H being fixed upon H is enabled to engage the last typo by passing through
the already mentioned groove or rocess of its "end-type"; but at the same time also
the electric connection at H is now broken and the magnet H ceases to be excited,
so that the inclined planes are brought back into their normal position by the springs.
After having caused a complete revolution of the spindle Z, the part Z and its pins L
and 2 are caught again and disengaged from the other part; but the revolution of Z
has already compelled the excentrics 7, 8, and 9, to work upon other devices. Thus
7 and 8 draw back both the locking bolts 10 and 11, (Figure 1, Shoot I, und
Figure 48, Sheet II), freeing the board U' which carries the channel U for the lines,
and rendering it possible for the said board to be drawn to the left by means of the
excontric 9 and lever 14, at such a distance from the said pawl 15, (Figure 8,
Sheet III), that the noxt empty channel may be able to reach the front of the channel G
and to receive tho next line. This done, the excentrics 7 and 8 and the bolts 10
and 11 are freed again in order to provent the board U from advancing too far.
Meanwhile, also, the excentric 9 disengages the lever 14 so that a suitable spring Is
enabled to draw back this lever and the pawl 15 attached to it, to their. normal
position.
In order to give the lines approximately equal length, in the setting of the type
composing them, it is necessary to put in at the right time the "endtype," which
separate the lines from each other. This is effected by the apparatus for measuring
the lines, without making use however of any particularly shaped porforations in
the paper band N. As already mentioned, the cylinder M, (Figures 11 and 12,
Sheet 1V), of the said apparatus is rotated through a certain anglo each time a
type enters the line. Together with the cylinder M, the rods M1 and M⁰ are also
moved to the left. The spaces, which are to separate the words from each other,
correspond, like the division-signs, with apertures in the paper band N of the same
kind, that is to say, they are also removed through the connecting spring of the
device ', (Figure 11, Sheet IV). These corresponding apertures are therefore
also compelled to pass over the connecting piece 48 which is fitted into the table
directly in front of the piece k. Upon the said piece 48 are placed the ends of the
sipall rods 51. If, therefore, the apertures for spaces allow the circuit to be
closed, the magnot 37 will be excited, and the circuit between 31 and 35 as well
as that between 37 and 31 will be broken, the circuit of the commutator magnet 38
which is included in that botween 36-31, is then broken for a second time. The
magnet 38 is therefore not excited, and the magnet 41 which causes the space to be
moved, will be included in the circuit established by the springs i' and '. The
space alone is therefore-as was required,-put in. But as soon as the line is
nearly completed to the required length, the cylinder M has approximately reached
its final position, when type after type onters the line, and the rod M' strikes against
the arm 34, whereby the connecting spring 35 is caused to touch the metal piece 31.
The electric circuit which causes the magnet 38 to be oxcited, is therefore closed
until a passing aperture of the paper band N allows the connection of the small
rods 51 and pieco 48, whereby the circuit in 38 is broken through the exciting of

page_text: magnet 37 and through 36. At the same time also the other rod M10 causes the
lifting of the small rods 51 one after the other, drawing with it the lever 252 und
the bent lever 254, the latter engaging below the said small rods. The connecting
piece 48 is of such length, that the aperturo of the paper band corresponding to six
signs following one another, find room near it.
The electric circuit and its various connections as shewn in Figure 12, Sheet IV,.
are kept closed for the time the rod M is not to touch 34. As may be seen, only
the electric circuit for the magnet 44 belonging to the spaces is closed at 41, whilst
that for the magnet 42 corresponding to the division-signs, as well as the magnet 45.
belonging to the "endtype,"
," are broken at 43 and 42 respectively. In case therefore
the "endtype" of the division-sign should, according to the perforations of the
band N, already come out,- case which is quite likely to occur if corrections have
been made after the stamping of N,-these perforations will pass without any effect,
because the circuit through the corresponding magnets is not closed. If however
the rod M is caused to connect 35 to 31, then of course the next hole of the paper
band N corresponding to a space will cause the "endtype" to enter the line,
because the circuit is now changed by the commutator 89, passing through the
magnet for the "endtypo" instead of through that for the space. By this means an
endtype" will then take the place of a space.
64
It may perhaps happen that various small words follow each other at the end of
a line, so that one or two of them could find room in the same, though the new line
should begin abont four thicknesses of type before the old one is completed. In
this case, and in that also of a syllable having just been set, the corresponding
aperture of the paper band, common to spaces and division signs, must stand upon
the connecting-piece 48; through the said aperture the small rods 51 are enabled
to touch the said piece and by the thus established circuit, the magnet 37 will be.
excited. The latter breaking the commutator-circuit by the help of 36 causes tho
space-type to come out aud prevents the "endtype" and the division-signs from:
moving. Shortly aftor, all the small rods 51 will be raised one after the other by
reason of the revolution of the cylinder 46 and the advance of the rod M. Other
apertures, which pass over the piece 48 have no effect whatever ou the magnet 37,
and after the aperture, which is just upon the connecting piece 48 before the small
rods 51 are lifted, has passed this piece, the formed circuit is again established by
the commutator, and either an "endtype" or a division sign comes out.
Simultaneously with this operation a spring 58 is freed, by a suitable electric
or mechanical arrangement for pulling suddenly the cord M" and rotating the
cylinder M by means of the disc M'. By pulling further, the whole is then drawn
back into its norinal position, and all is made ready for the noxt line.
The lines thus prepared are not yet ready for the press. For the purpose of
printing with them it is necessary that all lines should be of exactly the saine length..
The operation for effecting this is called the "justifying of the line," and has.
hitherto been performed by hand, the compositor completing each line to its exact
length by inserting thin spaces between the various words.
Exactly the same has to be done automatically by the "justifior," which is part
of thie invention. First, it becomes necessary to remove the spaces required for
the line in question from a cliannel and then to insert them properly and uniformly
between the words. (These spaces are made of soft iron for the reason explained
later on.)
Supposing that a line bas already been justified, then the sliding piece 58,
(Figure 13, Sheet V), and the governor 62 attaclied to it, will be found at the right
band, alter having just pushed all the completel line out of its channel. This
position of the governor 62, has caused the electric circuit of the magnet 140 to ba
albasd, by drawing with it tlie contact lever 148, the magnet 140 being thus.
excited. The inclined plane 142 is drawn back, the pin 149 of the coupling 188 is
fixed, and the spindle VII being set in motion by IV begins to rotate, whereby at
the same time the coupling 139 of the spindle V1 is disengaged, causing the latten

page_text: to stop all this by reason of the removal of the lever 146 from the slot of the
disc 141.
The spindle VII is caused, by means of the excentric 78, governor 77, and the
U-shaped sliding piece 76, the latter passing through the slots 75, (Figuras 14, 15,
and 16 on Sheet Vand Figure 25 on Sheet VI), to force the line, which is now
ready for print, upon the collecting table. The excontric 68 compels the sliding
pieco 58 to take its position at the loft hand, this piece 58 drawing with it the
sliding piece 72 by the aid of the lever system 74. In this furthost position the
electric circuit is closed by the pin 57 of the sliding piece 58, and by the connecting
device 56. By this operation, the magnets 53 are excited, the bolts 54 and 55 are
withdrawn, and the following line is conveyed into the "justifier" by means of the
pawl 152 upon the board U, (where the channels for the line are situated), in such
a manner that the sliding piece 58 takes its position in front of the line which is
then in its channel. The sliding piece 100 is lifted by the oxcentrio 101 and frees
the spaces in the channel 82, (Figure 26 of Sheet VI), the sliding piece 84 drops,
and the pin 99 enters the groove or recess 78 of the sliding piecu 72. The
excentric 255, with the aid of the angular lever 257, causes the sliding piece 90 to
move to the left, and this piece pushes the spaces of 82 towards the sliding piece 80,
which maintains the sliding picco 72 by means of the pin 99, in such a manner,
that it may give support as an abutment to the line now pressed forward by the
sliding piece 58, the spring 59, and the governing rod 62. The sliding piece 79 is
drawn as far as the empty space left in the line may allow it, and the sliding piece U¹
which is upon U is drawn back to a distance equal to that which was passed by the
advancing sliding piece 79. The spaces necessary for completing the line hang
between the sliding piece 80 and the spaces remaining in channel 82, as is clearly
shewn in Figure 26 of Sheet VI.
The sliding piece 100 will now full, whilst the sliding piece 90 is drawn back and
the sliding piece 84 and its pin 99 are raised, (Figure 27, Sheet VI). Up to this
monient the lever 64 has been maintained by the pushing-rod 66 and excentric 68 in
Buch a position that the spring 59 could not have any effect upon it and upon the
sliding piece 58. But the rod 66 is now freed by the excentric 68, and the spring 59
causes the sliding piece 58 to move to the right until it strikes against the line to be
justified, which is already in the channel belonging to it. At the same time the
rack 98 which is coupled by means of the tensile rod 69 to the lever 64, is caused to
fall upon the laterally arranged sliding piece U of the channel U, whereby the
moveably arranged part 94 is adjusted upon the sliding piece 93 by a cam 95, at a
certain distance depending upon its own position. In case, for instance, the sliding
piece U stands underneath the soventh tooth, and that accordingly twelve spaces are
disengaged from the channel 82, the said sliding piece is drawn back a distance, which
is equal to the total thickness of twelve spaces. As the steps of the tooth in question
correspond only to the thickness of oight spaces, the sliding pieco U must stuud
underneath the second step and between 94 and 80, and room for two spaces will be
found. These two are now enabled to drop upon the sliding piece 153, (Figure 27 of
Sheet VI), by reason of the sliding piece 80 being drawn by the excentric 86 and the
locking-hook 85. After this, one revolution of the spindle. VII is completed. This
spindle is disengaged in the manner already described, and the spindle VI begins its
work of apportioning the spaces between the words.
At both the sides of the passage 70 two short pins project into it in a vertical
direction underneath the sliding piece belonging to it, and at the level of the lateral
grooves or recesses of the ordinary type. The two pins will therefore allow the
fetters and signs to pass without difficulty. If however tho space-type for separating
the words from one another comes past, it is retained, as the groove at its side is at a
lower level. By the excentric 116 the lover 112 is now moved to the right, and the
sliding piece 106 is caused to advance, (Figure 21, Sheet VI), and its projecting
pieco 107 ponetrates into the spuce left frue over the spaces, whilst that 108 enters the
lateral groove of the same space, and both the projecting pieces 107 and 108, are thos

page_text: enabled to engage from behind the word found in the justifior. As soon as the
lever 112 is pressed further on, the slider 102 will also be pushed to the right,
(Figure 22 of Sheet VI), and the separation of the word or part of the line, already
in the channel of the justifier, from the following one, is thereby effected. The
excentric 126, (Figures 13, 15, and 16 of Sheet V), maintains the sliding piece 80
and by this means also the overlapping spaces of channel 82; the irregular disc 131
draws back the sliding piece 93, and of course also 94 belonging to that pieco, so that
the spaces between 94 and 80 drop into the space left between the two parts of the
line separated from one another, as the sliding piece 153 is also drawn back, thus
leaving free the space left for the spaces. This done, the space is lifted by the
excentric 123 in the manner already described as far as its lateral groove allows this
movement. By reason of the Interal pressure of the sliding piece 58, the line is now
pushed forward according to the length of the next word. The whole proceeding will
now be repeated when the spindlo VI rotates again, and of course as often as the
number of words in the same line may require this revolution. The complete line
ready for print being now in the channel of the justifier tho regulating rod 62 of the
sliding piece 58 closes the electric circuit in 148, the magnet 140 will be excited, the
conpling 188 is engaged, and the spindle VII begins at once its revolution by
disengaging in the manner already described the spindle VI. By this operation the
line which has just been justified is pressed forward to the collecting table, the sliding
piece 58 is brought into its utmost position to the left, and by reason of this piece
closing the electric circuit by means of the pin 57 and contact device 56, the next
line of the board carrying the line-channels is conveyed into the justifier.
After the set type has been used for printing, it is brought upon the table 154
of the distributor, (Figures 33, 35, 36, 37, and 38, Sheet VIII), this apparatus being
actuated by the main shaft W, (Figure 2, Sheet II), through the discs 168 and 210,
(Figure 38), and 193, (Figure 36).
As soon as one of the projections of the endless band 183,-say for instance 187,
has reached the end of the channel 182, the noxt following one 188 closes the
electric circuit in 164 by pressing against a contact spring. The magnets 163
and 103 being excited, are then caused to move the lifted lino by means of 178
into the channel 182, the projection 187 being thereby pushed hack. Simul-
taneously also, the spindle 160 will be coupled to the loosely attached disc 168,
by reason of the inclined plane 155 boing withdrawn and the pin 190 at the
circumference of the coupling becoming free. This is caused through the lever 162,
which is loosely connected with the rod 166 in such a manner that 166 is compelled
to follow all the movements of 162. The spindle 169 begins now its revolution,
which is limited to one only, for as soon as the lifted line has entered the channel 182,
the endloss band 188 is caused to advance quickly, whereby the electric circuit at 164
is again broken and the magnets 168 and 168, ceasing to bo excited, free the
levers 162 and 162, so that the same are now enabled to be drawn back by the
springs 191; this withdrawal causing the inclined plane 165 to be brought back
into its normal position, and thus to be ready again for catching the pin 190 and for
disengaging 169.
As soon as this spindle 169 begins to rotate, the lever 173 is freed by the
excentric 171, and the sliding piece 179 drops back. At the moment that the top
of this sliding piece roaches the plane of the table 154 of the distributor, the next
following line is pressed forward by the aid of the excentric 161, the lever 160,
and the rack 157, in such a manner that it will be caused to take position upon
the sliding piece 179, wherenpon the spring 159 brings back again the rack into
its position of rest; the latter proceeding being offected after the lever 160 uns
been freed by the excentric 161. The sliding piece, and with it the lino now
supported upon it, are raised by the excentric 171, and by the aid of 173, to the
lovel of the channel 182. The magnets 175 being enclosed in the electric circuit
now attract the spaces of soft iron and thus draw them out of the line below.
By the excentric 170 and the levor 172, those magnets 175 and with them also the
spaces hanging thereon, are brought over the groove 177, in which position of the

page_text: "
magnets the electric circuit is broken, so that the liberated spaces all drop into
the said groove 177, through which they are brought back to the "justifier."
Whilst the band 183 is advancing, the line will be brought by means of a hook,
Bay for instance that 187-into the channel 195, which is a prolongation of that 182,
(Figures 88 and 34). Through the continuous pushing forward of the following
lines, the just engaged line is brought to the back 258 of the channel, so that its first
type will be placed above the plunger or pushing device 201. If now a pair of
perforations in the paper band N which travels over 225 passes the contact
springs 221 in such a manner that the latter are enabled to touch the piece 223 found
underneath them, the electric circuit is closed and the pair 207 of electro-magnets is
excited, whereby the abntment of the projection 205, being compelled to retire, frees
the pushing rod 199. This latter is now caused by the spring 2014 to spring with an
elastic impulse to the right, whereby the extremity of the lever 200 engaging below
the plunger 201 is forced to move this device in an upward direction, whilst the
lever 196 freeing the lever 197 loosens at the same time the type which is just above
the said plunger 201, in such a manner that it can be moved by 201 and brought to
the small box 211 of the endless band 219, then standing above the type in question.
The latter entering the small box now presses forward the piston 214 found in it, so
that the rod 213 is caused to project to a considerable extent over the upper surface
of the small box 211, and the spring 212, thus holding the type, can now press upon
it. Whilst the type is entering the said box, the endless band 219, as well as the
paper baud N, the motion of which depends upon it, are prevented from moving
further on by the pawl 217. Through the operation of the projection 203, the
pushing rod 199 and its lever 200 and 196 are then brought back into their normal
position, by the aid of the pins upon the disc 209, and they will he maintained in this
position, whilst tho projection 205 is pressed against the armature 206, until other
perforations of the paper band N cause again the exciting of the magnets 208. The
type being once in their respective small boxes 211 of the endless band 219, are then
conveyed into their boxes of the type case B, each typo being actuated by its corre-
sponding pair of holes in the paper band N; and as soon as one or the other type
reaches tho spot above its respective box of the case B, (Figure 30, Sheet VII), the
said pair of apertures agreeing with the pins 235 of that lever 284 which serves for
the removal of the type from the small box 211, the falling of the type into its
respective box of case B must take place. The pins 235 penetrate through the
aportures of the paper band N into the holes prepared in the table 235, (see Figure 49,
Sheet IX, where this is shewn in full lines), the lever 234 being let down at its front
is caused to set free the angular lever 228 taruing round 228, and this lever being
under the influence of the spring 242 strikes upon tho projecting rod 213 of the
piston 214. The latter being thus pressed in a downward direction, pushes the
type just below it, until the spring 213 sets free the type, and therefore allows it to
fall into the moveable channel B after having passed the connecting channel 251.
By reason of the lowering of 284 the lever 243, which turns round 245, is
compelled to engage by its hook-like end 246 with one of the corrugations of the
roller 250, which is permanently rotated in the direction of the arrow; the lover 243
is therefore acted upon again by the next following tooth, before this takes place
with the lever 240, which also penetrates by the projection 241 into one of the
corrugations of the said roller. The lever 243 is therefore caused to again lift
the lover 234 before (see the dotted position in Figure 49, Sheet IX,) the angular
lever 240 is brought back into its position of rest by the influence of the following
tooth. By reason of this necessity, the end 236 must be arranged in such a manner
that it may he enabled to yield and to give way to the side 237 of the angular
lever 240. For this purpose an elastically hinged connecting device is provided.
As soon as 240 returns to its position of rest, the end 236 tips up again, and
becoming thus a straight prolongation of 234 forms abutment to 287.
After having passed through the connecting chanuel 251, the removed type drops
into the moveable channel B, (Figures 30, 81, and 82, Sheet V11.), slides down along
its bottom, turns over upon the inclined plane B, and falls, turning over again upon

page_text: the type already arrived at the type case B. The roller B intermittently draws the
cord B and thereby lifts the channel B' so that the type which has just dropped in,
but is still projecting outside, will be completely pushed into it by the aid of the
roller B, whereupon the end B10 of the bottom in B', after this channel was allowed
to drop, is allowed to rest upon the top of the type.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An improvement in the methods of, and apparatus for, setting, justifying, and
distributing, type for printing, by means of perforated bands and by the use of
electricity, characterized by the fact, that the type, removed from the type-case by
means of rods operated by electro-magnets, drop one by one upon a continuously
travelling endless band and are then carried on with greater speed by bands
arranged in a diagonal direction to a common meeting spot where the type are
piled, by means of a disc having clastic flanges, in a collecting channel from which
all the type forming a line for printing, after having been composed in this channel,
are carried further on to another transmitting channel, and in the course of forming
the line the number of the words contained in the latter is indicated upon a sliding
piece on the channel in question.
2. In a machine of the kind described in the first claim, an arrangement for
automatically measuring the formed line in such a manner, that without providing
apertures of a special kind in the perforated band for the "endtype," the latter may
be set only in casos when neither a complete word nor a whole syllable can be added
to the composed line without exceeding the proper length of this line.
3. In the arrangement claimed in the second claim, an apparatus for measuring
type, having a cam, which during the setting of type, engages with the screw-like
projection of a cylinder supported by two rods parallel to the axis of the same and
causes the rotation of the said cylinder through an angle corresponding with the
width of the type in question, so that as soon as the right length of the line to be
formed is nearly attained, a connecting electrical contact is formed through one of
the said rods of the said cylinder for the purpose of disengaging and throwing out
of the electric circuit the magnet relating to the spaces, and of engaging and
inserting into the electric circuit, the magnet belonging to the "endtype," or to
the division-sign, respectively.
4. In the arrangement claimed in the second clain, and for the purpose of modi-
fying the engaging and disengaging devices claimed in Claim 3, in cases whore it may
be possible to add to the line to be composed another word or a whole syllable,
an arrangement connected with the contact apparatus, of such kind that directly in
front of the connecting device relating in common to the space, the "endtype," and
the division sign, a contact piece is fitted in the table, above which aud above the
travelling perforated paper hand passing along, rest the free extremities of moveable
metal rods, which can be operated by the other supporting rod of the cylinder;
the metal rods being thus enabled to close,-through the connections with the said
contact-piece, when allowed by a passing aperture of the paper band, another
electric circuit, by which, throngh certain electro-magnets, the first established
circuit will be broken again, and thus, instead of the insertion of an "endtypo," or
division sign, that of a space type may take place.
5. In the methods of arrangement described and claimed in the first claim, a
variation of the "justifier," characterized by a mechanism through which a number
of thin iron spaces is inserted into the space left for them in the line to be formed,
and through which therefore the difference between the exact length of the line
required for printing and that nearly attained in the type measuring apparatus
described in the second claim, may be filled up according to the number of words
indicated previously to their entering the apparatus; the said mechanism, after
having automatically selected the spaces, being caused to apportion the same in
regular order between the words, which are to be separatod.

page_text: 6. In the justifying apparatus claimed in Claim 5, an arrangement for the division
of the line, characterized by two short pins, attached to the sides of the entrance
passage of the "justifior" at the level of the lateral grooves in the type, which
pins stop the spaces, the Interul grooves of which are made at a lower level, whilst
a fork-liko lever causes the entering of two projections on a sliding piece into the
space left free by the grooves, and by the shortness of the space type in comparison
with that of the ordinary type, and thus in advancing further on separates the
engaged series of words from the next following one, whereupon the spaces, which
prevented the sliding piece from further advancing, will be lifted until their grooves
coincide with the said pins in the passage.
7. In the "justifier" claimed in Claim 5, and arranged for the purpose of
uniform apportioning of the spaces to be inserted, a rack (Figure 13) turning upon
an axis, and having stop-shaped teeth, the one tooth of this rack just operated
upon corresponding with the number of words, and the step of the operated tooth,
corresponding with the number of spaces.
8. In combination with the "justifior" claimed in Claim 5, an electric commutator
arranged and operating in such manner, that during the time required by the
"justifier" for inserting the tbin spaces and for making ready a line for press,
the number of accumulated words is marked by means of a mechanism effecting
the movement of sliding pieces, so that, after a line has been conveyed from the
collecting channel to its special channel, the number of words contained in this
line is indicated by the position of a laterally arranged sliding piece.
9. In connection with the methods described and claimed in the first claim, nu
automatically operating type-distributor, characterized by the arrangement of a table
for the reception of the composed type which has been used for printing, upon
which this type is pushed forward at intervals depending upon the successivo
diminishing of the number of its linos; the latter being one by one, by means of a
sliding piece, separated from the whole set, and raised to the level of a channel, where
the extraction of the iron spaces takes place by the aid of oxcited electro-magnots and
in which, as has been herein described, the type of the line are conveyed, according to
the perforations of the same paper band used for setting them, to small boxes on an
endless band, from which they are removed, that is to say, pushed out and caused to
fall by cortain lovers, as soon as they reach the spot perpendicularly above their
respective type-case-boxes.
10. In the distributing apparatus claimed in Claim 9, a variation of the clearing
channel, characterized by the fact that inside this channel a longer sliding piece is
moved to and fro, for the purpose of guiding the falling type and of again piling them
in regular order.
11. In order to enable all the type falling upon the endless travelling band,
Arranged in the type-setting apparatus, to be carried on in the same space of time to
the same meeting spot, the arrangement of two endless bands upon the main band,
taking an obliquo or diagonal direction to the width of the latter, and being provided
with projections for conveying the type at greater speed than is possible with the
main band.
12. A variation of the piling contrivance in the type-setting apparatus, characterized
by a permanently rotated disc provided with flexible elastic flanges, which pass on
their way between the bridge and the collecting channel, and two laterally arranged
small cones, the latter rotating with and slightly pressing the flanges, whereby these
flanges ongnge the type and pile them in on upright position inside the collecting
channel. All substantially as and for the purposes described and illustrated.
Dated this 94th day of Anaust 1906
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66 Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.