IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND SUPPLYING WATER TO BOILERS; AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Renil De Clercq and Emile Chazelles, of Brussels,i
in the Kingdom of Belgium; Mechanical Engineer's, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND SUPPLYING WATER
TO BOILERS; AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 16th May 1862, and dated the 22nd November 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Reuil De Clercq and
Emile Chazelles at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with'
their Petition, on the 22nd November 1861.
We, RENIL, DE CLERCQ and EMILE CHAZELLES, of Brussels, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, Mechanical Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said. Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND.
SUPPLYING WATER TO BOILERS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows -
This Invention relates to certain improved arrangements of automatic
apparatus for raising and supplying water to boilers, or for other purposes.
Instead of employing, as at present, the same vessel or receiver for draw-
ing up water by the condensation of steam, and forcing the water into.
the boiler or vessel by the introduction of fresh steam, we employ two-
separate vessels, one as a supplementary vessel for supplying the water.
for condensing the steam in the other, and both acting simultaneously
for drawing up the, water, so that the supplementary vessel may always

page_text: remain full when the steam forces. the water from the other vessel into
the boiler or reservoir. The aforesaid condensing vessel has in its interior
a float, and also on the outside at the top or other convenient part a box
or case containing the slides or valves for the admission of steam and
water. The movements of, the said slides or valves are regulated by a
float in another vessel fixed' to the condensing vessel, and the lower parts
of the two vessels communicate with each other by means of a syphon
pipe, which is an important part of the Invention, as it causes the float
in the lower vessel to work the slides or valves only when the apparatus
is full of water. The supplementary vessel has a pipe communicating with
the water of supply and pipes leading to the valve box and condensing
vessel, and the valve box has also another pipe for the discharge of air.
Before commencing the automatic working of the apparatus. it is filled
with water from a funnel or reservoir, the pipe having been opened
for the discharge of the air; then the float in the lower vessel closes the
slide, which causes the admission of water, and opens the slide which
admits steam, and the cock is turned, to allow the discharge of water into
the boiler or reservoir. The steam acts upon the float in the condensing
vessel, and forces the water through the syphon pipe and through the
pipe leading to the bottom of the boiler or reservoir.. When the water
is discharged from the condensing vessel, the float in the lower yessel has
descended by its own weight, and closed the slide which admits the
steam, and opened the other slide so that the water may pass from the
supplementary vessel into the condensing vessel, and cause a vacuum
throughout the apparatus. The atmospheric pressure acts on the water
of-supply, and fills the entire apparatus with water, and it is at this
moment that the syphon becomes useful, for the water in the condensing
vessel can only pass into the float vessel through a tube when the water
has risen to a certain height, unless forced through the syphon by
pressure, and therefore the float is only raised to act on the slides or
valves -when-the-apparatus-is-full-of-water. When the said float_has_
been raised, the slide for the admission of steam is again opened, and the
water is forced out of the condensing vessel into the boiler, and at the
same time the other slidé is opened for the admission of water to form
a vacuum, and then the water rushes from the supplementary vessel into
the condensing vessel, and thus the operations continue self-acting.
The aforesaid arrangement may be modified by dispensing with the
float cylinder and float, but instead of being automatic, the apparatus
would act like a pump, with the important exception that it would draw
water from a considerable depth, and at the same time impel water with
great force. The rod which moves the slides would have to be connected
to a lever provided at one end with a counterweight, and at the other

page_text: end connected to a rod or chain having a handle at the command of the
operative, who shifts the slides when required.
The slides may be replaced by any description of valves, and the number
of cocks may be decreased by acting on the valves by pressure screws.
having wheel or other handles. The slides and valves may also be
dispensed with and the apparatus reduced to the condensing and supple-
mentary vessels provided with four tubes and cocks opened and closed.
by hand, and also a tube for the supply of water before putting the
apparatus in motion, and a cock for closing the tube when water has been.
supplied.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Renil De Clercq and Emile Chazelles in the Great, Seal
Patent Office on the 22nd May 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, RENIL
DE CLERCQ and EMILE CHAZELLES, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Mechanical Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Renil De Clercq and Emile Chazelles, Her special
licence that we the said Renil De Clercq and Emile Chazelles, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,. the said
Renil De Clercq and Emile Chazelles, our executors, admini
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term. therein expressed should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS, IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND SUPPLYING WATER TO BOILERS, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Renil De Clercq and Emile Chazelles, our executor's or admini
strators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed; and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal-
Patent Office-within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent
NOW KNOW VE that we the said Renilda Glavce and Emile Chazelles
No text detected.

page_text: do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
figures and letters on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which the
same letters refer to similar parts in all the Figures (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to certain improved arrangements of automatic
apparatus for raising and supplying water to boilers or for other purposes.
Instead of employing, as at present, the same vessel or receiver for draw-
ing up water by the condensation of steam and forcing the water into
the boiler or vessel by the introduction of fresh steam, we employ two
separate vessels, one as a supplementary vessel for supplying the water
for condensing the steam in the other, and both acting simultaneously for
drawing up the water, so that the supplementary vessel may always re-
main full when the steam forces the water from the other vessel into the
boiler or reservoir. The aforesaid condensing vessel has in its interior a
float, and also on the outside, at the top or other convenient part, a box
or case containing the slides or valves for the admission of steam and
water. The movements of the said slides or valves are regulated by a
float in another vessel fixed to the condensing vessels, and the lower parts
of the two vessels communicate with each other by means of a syphon
pipe, which is an important part of the Invention, as it causes the float
in the lower vessel to work the slides or valves only when the apparatus
is full of water. The supplementary vessel has a pipe communicating with
the water of supply, and pipes leading to the valve box and condensing
vessel, and the valve box has also another pipe for the discharge of air.
Before commencing the automatic working of the apparatus it is filled
with water from a funnel or reservoir, the pipe having been opened for
the discharge of the air; then the float in the lower vessel closes the slide,
which causes the admission of water and opens the slide which admits
steam, and the cock is turned to allow the discharge of water into the
-boiler-or-reservoir. The steam acts upon the float in the condensing
vessel and forces the water through the syphon pipe-and-through-the
pipe leading to the bottom of the boiler or reservoir. When the water
is discharged from the condensing vessel the float in the lower vessel has
descended by its own weight and closed the slide which admits the
steam, and opened the other slide, so that the water may pass from the
supplementary vessel into the condensing vessel, and cause a vacuum
throughout the apparatus. The atmospheric pressure acts on the water
of supply and fills the entire apparatus with water, and it is at this
moment that the syphon becomes useful, for the water in the condensing
vessel can only pass into the float vessel through a tube when the water
has risen to a certain height unless forced through the syphon by pressure,

page_text: and therefore the float is only raised to act on the slides or valves when
the apparatus is full of water. When the said float has been raised, the
slide for the admission of steam is again opened, and the water is forced
out of the condensing vessel into the boiler, and at the same time the
other slide is opened for the admission of water to form a vacuum, and
then the water rushes from the supplementary vessel into the condensing
vēssel, and thus the operations continue self-acting.
The aforesaid arrangement may be modified by dispensing with the
float cylinder and float, but instead of being automatic the apparatus
would act like a pump with the important exception that it would draw
water from a considerable depth, and at the same time impel water with
great force. The rod which moves the slides would have to be con
nected to a lever provided at one end with a counterweight, and at the
other end connected to a rod or chain having a handle at the command
of the operative who shifts the slides when required. The slides may be
replaced by any description of valves, and the number of cocks may be.
decreased by acting on the valves by pressure screws having wheel or
other handles. The slides and valves may also be dispensed with, and
the apparatus reduced to the condensing and supplementary vessels pro-
vided with four tubes and cocks opened and closed by hand, and also a
tube for the supply of water before putting the apparatus in motion, and
a cock for closing the tube when water has been supplied. Thus these
improvements in apparatus for raising and supplying water to boilers
and for other purposes result from the arrangement of the vessels or.
cylinders, pipes, cocks, and other parts of which the apparatus is com-
posed, and obtain, at pleasure, by means of an expansive fluid, such as air;
steam, or gas, à rarefaction and an almost perfect vacuum, of which use
may be made in various ways; for example, first, in raising liquids for any.
required purpose, for example, the apparatus will supply water at the
same time, at all pressures, into steam boilers; second, in making and
keeping up a vacuum in the apparatus, and for concentrating solutions,
and also those used for distillation; and, third, in most cases efficiently.
performing the work of pumps.
The number of the vessels or cylinders of which the apparatus is com-
posed varies according to the purpose for which it is destined; one or
several of these vessels is or are always arranged in such a manner that
they may remain full of or fill themselves with liquid, whilst the ex-
pansive fluid, such as air, steam, or gas, forces the liquid out of the other
or the others, so that it is this reserve liquid which, flowing into the vessel'
or vessels full of expansive-fluid, -expels this expansive fluid, or effects a
rarefaction, or else, when it is steam, condenses this steam and causes a
vacuum, a result which allows all the vessels immediately to fill themselves

page_text: simultaneously or separately with fresh fluid. This is the peculiar nature
of the Invention, and we have given the name of "syphon" to the various
arrangements of this apparatus.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3 we represent a syphon adapted to the alimentation
or feeding of steam boilers opposed to the formation of incrustations, and
utilising the discharged steam of an engine..
Fig. 1 is an elevation; Fig. 2, a plan; Fig. 3, a vertical section through
the centre of the cylinders or vessels; Fig. 4, the mechanisin for working
the taps or cocks simultaneously. C and C' are two vessels or cylinders,
placed one above the other, resting on shoulders or. brackets fixed to the
wall or other support. A, the suction pipe, provided with a valve,
through which passes the water to be raised; P, a sheet-iron plate,
traversed by the suction pipe A, which sheet-iron plate accelerates the
condensation; S, a spiral or serpentine tube, which may be dispensed
with, when desired, by covering the apparatus with a casing, as shewn in
Fig. 10; D and D' are two different parts of the discharge pipe of the
steam engine; T is a pipe, for putting the vessels or cylinders C and C¹
into communication with each other at their lower extremities; T' and T
are two other pipes, also for putting into communication the vessels or
cylinders C and C', but at their upper parts. The pipe T' at the same
time places the vessel C' in communication with the boiler G; T is an
injection pipe for supplying the boiler; T is another injection pipe,
joined to the pipe T"; this pipe T may enter more or less deeply into
the boiler; T is the blow off or cleansing pipe; R, a tap, for clearing
the vessel C of air; and U is a safety valve.
The working of the apparatus is as follows:-The apparatus or syphon
is first filled with cold water, and then the contents of the vessel C¹ are
raised to 100° Centigrade by the steam issuing from the discharge
through the pipe D, traversing the serpentine tube S, and escaping
through the pipe D'. When it is desired to feed the boiler G, the tap
of the supply pipe T" is opened, and for a short time the small cock R is
also opened, in order to expel wat air there may-be-in-the-apparatus.
Then the tap of the pipe T' is opened. The steam then enters the vessel
C', from which the water runs into the boiler through the supply pipe T”.
The cocks of the pipes T and T' are then shut, and the cock of the
pipe T opened. The water of the vessel C runs into the vessel C¹ in-
stantaneously, condenses the steam. it contained, and causes a vacuum,
which allows atmospheric pressure to force from the reservoirs or wells
fresh water into the vessel C, which supplies water to the vessel C', so
that the two vessels are again full. The tap of the tube T is then
closed, and when the water in the vessel C' is hot, the alimentation or
feeding the boiler may take place again. When at rest, or during the

page_text: time of stoppage, all the taps of the apparatus are closed, except those
of the supply pipes T and T, and the water of the vessel C' remains
colder than that of the boiler, a continual circulation is established, which
draws all the impurities of the boiler into the vessel or cylinder C' where
they are deposited, and from whence once a day they are forced out by
the cleansing pipe T"!!!!
The apparatus may also be arranged as follows:-The vessel C is sup-
pressed, see Fig. 14. E is a pipe, more or less long and broad, which
commences at the tube T, and finishes at the suction pipe A. It is placed
a little higher than the upper part of the vessel C', and inclines upwards
until it reaches the pipe A. The pipe T' being open the steam expels the
water through the pipe T, then these two pipes are closed, and the pipe
T" is opened, and the steam arriving at the upper extremity of the pipe
E, the water which it contains descends into the vessel C¹, condenses the
steam, and causes a vacuum, and the water of the well or reservoir passes
through the pipe A to finish filling the vessel C. The air is expelled
through the tap R, which may be replaced by a valve opening outwards;
if the pipe T were joined at the upper extremity of the pipe E, the
water would be pressed back by this valve, which may have a pipe for
conducting the water where it is required. The syphon may also work
automatically, and therefore we now describe an automatic syphon.
Fig. 5 is an elevation of an automatic syphon; Fig. 6, a plan; Fig. 7, a
vertical section, through the centre of the vessels; Figs. 8, 9, and 10 are
sections representing various mechanical contrivances for opening and
shutting the valves, which in these apparati may replace the cocks. All
these mechanisms are based on the movement of floats, beams, and
counterweights, the action of which is so well understood that it is not
necessary to describe them, as we have the right of applying to our
apparatus every sort of valve, combinations of levers or floats, and other
known mechanical means for opening and closing valves, taps, suckers,
or other requirements.
We will only just remark that in the above Figures the arrangenient
adopted for the valves forms part of our Invention. Thus, in Figs. 7 and
8, the only valve Z depends on the play of the floats, and the opening of
the pipe T is regulated by a cock, so that in the same space of time it
may pass a much larger quantity of steam through the pipe T', than
through the pipe T", so that the water of the vessel C may have time to
be forced back into the boiler before the pressure is equalised in the
vessel C, and cold. water descend-into C. Moreover, in Fig. 7, the float F
of the vessel Chas-only a slight motion,-just-sufficient that when the
vessel C contains no more water to pull out the catch from the rack,
and allow the valve pushed by the float F' to close up again, which float

page_text: F opens the valve again when the boiler wants water. Z" is a cylinder,
in which work two valves, of which the lower, supported by a small float,
allows the air to escape from the apparatus but prevents the exit of the
water. The tube I allows the steam from the boiler to pass continually
into the small cylinder a, in order to prevent the external air from
entering the vessel C¹.
In Fig. 9 there are two valves Z and Z', but only a single stuffing box.
This arrangement prevents any entrance of the external air. The lower
valve Z is double, which equalises the pressure of the boiler, and allows
the counterweight to open and shut it easily. In Fig. 10 the vessel or
cylinder C' is covered with a metallic casing. The discharge steam passes
between this casing and the vessel C¹; the float F' acts upon the catch /,
so as to allow the counterweight L to fall back and open the valve Z only
when the boiler wants water. We also employ syphons placed one above
the other for advantageously replacing mining pumps, or raising water
from the greatest depths. For these purposes we use compressed gas
instead of steam. A series of syphons, the number of which depends
upon. the height to which the water is to be. raised, and the tension or
pressure of the gas employed, are arranged one above the other.
Fig. 13 represents a vertical section through the centres of the vessels
or cylinders of this arrangement. The vessels C', 2 C', 3 C, 4. C, and
5 C', are supposed to be full of water, the intermediate vessels B C', 4 C',
being left out for want of room. The float F. of the cylinder C is at
the bottom of its course, and has caused the counterweight L to fall back
and open the-pipe T', and close the pipe T. The gas arriving through
the pipe T from a reservoir where it is compressed, forces out the water
from the vessel C' into the vessel C, the water of the vessel 2 C' into 2 C,
and so on until the water is forced from 5 C' into 5 C, which is not seen
in the Drawing; but as soon as the vessel C is full of water, the syphon
V is in action and the water runs out freely, as when the vessel C was
full, the float F was at the top of its course, and having caused the counter
Iweight to vibrate-ina contrary direction, the pipe Twas closed. and
the pipe T opened. The compressed gas no longer comes in to the
vessels C', and 2 C', &c.; it is on the contrary forced out of them through
the pipe T, in consequence of its expansibility. When the pressure is
destroyed the water of the vessels, 2 C, 3 C, &c., by virtue of its weight,
raises the lower valves and passes into the vessels C, 2 C, &c., and the
water of the lower vessel likewise enters into the vessel 5 C'. Meantime
the water in the vessel C has run off, the float F has redescended, the
pipe T is closed, and the pipe T' opened again, and the operations re-
commence as before.
The
gas, which may be atmospheric air, is compressed in a reservoir by

page_text: pumps worked by a steam engine, or by any other known means.
A gas
prepared by a chemical process, and which would compress itself may be
used. Carbonic acid gas produced by sulphuric acid and carbonate of
lime may be advantageously obtained. Instead of employing compressed
air, rarefied air may also be used. The external atmospheric air would
then represent the compressed air, and the apparatus would then suck
or draw the air from place to place instead of only driving it back as
above. The vacuum would be made in the vessel attached to the pipe T
and the arrangement of the vessels and cylinders would be reversed.
Cylinders C, 2 C, 3 U, &c., would be placed lower than the vessels C',
2 C, 3 C. One suction pipe would branch off from the lower part of
the vessel C' to extend to the bottom of the vessel 2 C, another from the
lower part of 2 C¹ to extend to the bottom of 3 C, &c. These pipes would
replace those of Fig. 13. When the pipe T¹ is open, the water would be
drawn from cylinders 2 C,.3 C, &c., and from the bottom of the well or
reservoir into the vessels C¹, 2 C', 3 C', &c., the pipe T' being closed and
the pipe T open, the atmospheric air would re-enter the vessels. C',
2 C', 3 C', and force the water into the lower cylinders C, 2 C, 3 C, &c.
The tubes would abut at the valves in a contrary position. The valves
may even be dispensed with by causing the suction pipes to penetrate
into the vessels 2 C', C, 3 C', nearly to the cover, and by bending into
long syphons, the pipes by which the water redescends from C', 2 C', 3'C',
into C, 2 C, 3 C, &c.
We now describe a syphon for replacing the hydraulic cranes employed
for feeding the tanks or cisterns of tenders and locomotives. Above the
cistern of the tender we place a closed vessel or cylinder, which represents
the vessel C'of the syphon, whilst the cistern of the tender, which ought to
be able to support the pressure of the boiler, represents the vessel C'; In
the situations where water is to be taken in, we place a cistern arranged
between the two rails, and keep it full of water by any suitable means.
When a train arrives, the tender is placed over the cistern or tank, into
which a moveable suction pipe is lowered from a hook, bracket, or crane
by means of a lever, gearing, or other means. As a vacuum would have
been made beforehand in the apparatus by forcing out by steam the air
of the cistern of the tender, and by afterwards allowing water to run into
it from the upper vessel C, it would only be necessary to open a cock in
the suction pipe A and the water of the cistern would precipitate itself
into the vessel C, and instantaneously fill it and also the cistern of the
tender. The lower tank or cistern may be replaced by a narrow canal of
a certain length,-equally-cut between the rails; the-alimentation-would-
thus be accomplished during the progress of the train without stoppage.

page_text: We will now describe a method of using a syphon for raising and intro-
ducing a fluid into an upper vessel, and for making at the same time a
vacuum in this vessel, which may, for example, be a boiler for con-
centrating or baking sugar, or a still. It is a double function which dis-
tinguishes our apparatus from the ordinary juice raising machines of the
sugar factories.
Fig. 11 is a section across the centre of the vessel C. The upper vessel,
which is not illustrated here, is the same as the vessel C. The liquid is
introduced by the tube A communicating with the reservoir which con-
tains the liquid. The air escapes by the tap R. If A and R are closed, the
steam passes from the generator through the pipe T', and forces the
liquid through the pipe T, into the closed upper vessel, which may be a
boiler, vacuum pan, or still, from which the air that it may contain
escapes by a tap. When this upper vessel is entirely full, we shut up the
air tap and the pipe T and T, and open the pipes T" and T, through
which returns from the upper vessel the desired quantity of liquid; this
fluid condensing the steam of C₁, causes a vacuum in the upper vessel,
which is closed. The pipes T and T", are now closed, and the con-
centrating, baking, or distilling may be commenced.
Method of using a syphon destined for a condenser for a boiler to con-
dense fluids, for example, to bake sugar-Fig. 12 is a section across the
.centre of the vessels. All the apparatus is previously filled with cold
water, and all the taps are closed. Then the pipe T' is opened, which
leads the steam from the generator and pipe T, by which the water is
expelled from the vessel C". The pipes T and T are then closed, and
2 T and 3 T opened. The cold water of C' flows into C", condenses the
steam, and a vacuum is effected in C'. We now close 2 T', and 3T, and
open T, which is a tube (not shewn here), which puts the upper part of
-the-vessel-G-in-communication-with-the-boiler_or_other_vessel_with_
which vapour is to be condensed. Then T", T, and A are opened more or
less, according as it is necessary. The cold water arrives more or less
rapidly from C, and thus keeps up the vacuum in C. The water of C is
replaced by that which arrives by the suction pipe A. When the vessel
C is full, or it is seen by gauge that the condensation does
so well, we close T", A, and T, and open T, and 2 T.
the boiler forces some water out of C into C', and some water from C'
into C. The air is then allowed to escape by the taps R, and 2 R. The
pipe T, is then opened to drive out the water which remains in C".
Then the taps T, T', 2 T, and T being closed, the taps 3 T, and 2 T", are
not go on quite
The steam of

page_text: opened; the water of the vessel C' runs into C", condenses the steam, and
a vacuum is effected in C', and then T, T, T", and A may be again
opened, and the condensation of the vapour of the evaporating apparatus
recommences The vessel C" may be dispensed with, but then in that
case, more condensing water would be consumed. The syphon may like-
wise be used for condensing in a vacuum the vapour of a distilling
apparatus. The suction tube A, would be suppressed. The vessel C would
contain a spiral or serpentine tube, through which would pass the cold
water destined for the condensation. The vapour would be condensed in
the vessel C, by the exterior surface of this serpentine tube. The distilled
liquid would run into C', which, communicating with a small boiler full
of the same distilled liquid, this boiler would furnish the necessary vapour
to force the distilled liquid out of C into C, in order to expel the air
from this vessel and effect a vacuum. A vacuum may also be made in the
evaporating boiler, as previously explained and shewn in the syphon,
The applications above indicated suffice to explain that the arrange-
ment and the number of the vessels, tubes or pipes, taps, valves, slides,
and other parts which compose the syphon should vary according to the
end proposed. We have mentioned a greater number of different arrange-
ments of this apparatus in the numerous Patents we have taken out in
Belgium for this purpose. Amongst these arrangements we will point
out only those which allow of employing, for operating the syphon, the
steam of the generator instead of the discharged steam of the machine,
at the same time raising the water to 100° Centigrade, by the condensa-
tion of this steam, and lastly, those which allow of advantageously em-
ploying this apparatus for drawing up dense fluids, sewage, cesspool
matter, bog mire, and similar matters, for all the valves may be sup-
pressed, and only taps used.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention,
we would have it understood that we claim the employment of two vessels
placed superposed, or one above the other, and arranged so that when
the water of the lower vessel is forced back, the water of the upper vessel
shall serve for condensing the steam of the lower, or to fill it again, thus
producing a vacuum, which allows of the atmospheric pressure acting on
the surface of the water to be raised, and-of-filling again the two vessels,
and-also the various arrangements of apparatus herein described and

page_text: In witness whereof, we, the said Renil de Clercq and Emile Chazelles
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Sixteenth day of May,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
R. DE CLERCQ. (L.S.)
E. CHAZELLES.
*
(L.S.)