Improvements in Machines for Setting and Justifying Printing
Year: 1894

page_text: ་་
Date of Application, 9th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 9th July, 1895-Accepted, 10th Aug., 1895.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
1
Improvements in Machines for Setting and Justifying Printing
"
Type.
A cominunication from abroad by JACOB SALOMON, of Hannover,, in the German
Empire, Manufacturer.
I, GEORGE CLEMENT DOWNING, of 8 Quality Court, London W.C., Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in machines for setting and justifying
printing type, and more particularly to that class of machines described in certain
Letters Patent dated 23rd November 1881, No. 5127; and the object. of my
present invention is to effect further improvements in such machines, for the
purpose of facilitating the aforesaid operations...
"
. I
My improvements relate particularly to devices, in hand justifying machines, for
automatically actuating and controlling, by a single movement of a lever to be
operated by hand, the mechanism which holds the justified line in place during
justification; and which, after the operation of justification is complete, forces; the
line down into the galley, and against the previously justified' line.
In the various forms of hand justifiers in use, and particularly in that, form
referred to in the aforesaid Letters: Patent, a trendle is employed for the purpose
of raising the rule and operating the pusher, when the operation of justifying the
line is complete. This treadle takes up more or less room, and the mechanism by
which the same operates is more or less complicated. To avoid these difficulties
and to produce a device which will readily automatically raise the rule and throw
forward the pusher, and which will automatically repeat the action as long as may
be necessary, I fit a loose sleeve upon an auxiliary shaft, driven from the main
shaft by pulleys and belt. This sleeve carries an adjustable cam roller, which is
provided with an interior cam groove, cut in its flat face, which has a rapid
curvature in one direction, and a gradual one in the other, so as to give an
eccentric movement. This cam engages with a pin upon a vertically arranged
lever, hinged to an arm upon the front plate of the justifier, and connected, by
means of a slotted Jever, with sliding rods, upon which the pusher isisupported'; so
that, when the cam roller is rotated a lateral motion is imparted through the lever
to the pusher, and. the pusher is caused to move from right to left.
For the purpose of raising the justifying rule, a similar cam roller is provided on
the sleeve, at one side of the previously described cam roller, which contains on its
flat face a siniilar 'interior cam-groove, arranged with such an 'eccentric curvature
as to curve very rapidly at the commencement of the revolution of the cam roller,
and subsequently to curve less rapidly. The sliding rod upon which the rule
before referred to.is raised and lowered is provided with a sleeve from, which a pin
emerges, which is connected, by means of a slot, with a lever horizontally arranged,
and provided at its centre with a pin, which plays or rolls in the cam-groove; the
extremity of the arm being pivoted to the frame of the justifier.,
:
When the cam roller is rotated, the 'cam-groove operates to actuate the lever,
thus raising or lowering the rule. The effect of the curvature of the cam is such
that the rule is quickly raised free and clear of the type of the justified line, and is
held substantially stationary: during the balance of the rotation of the cam roller,

page_text: during which interval the pusher mechanism, actuated by means of the first named
cam-roller, operates the second cam-roller, being set upon the sleeve, with reference
to the first cam-roller, at such an angle that the rule will first be raised, and then
the pusher mechanism will operate to push down the justified line, and return to
its original position, between the moment when the rule ceases to rise and begins
to fall.
The two cam-rollers are journalled upon the single loose sleeve surrounding its
shaft, which sleeve terminatesiinianother roller or disc, the end of the shaft having
a fixed ratchet wheel secured thereto, which ratohet wheel rotates with the shaft,
and a pawl pivoted on the disc. This pawl is of such a construction that, when
the ratchet wheel is at rest, the sleeve does not rotate with the shaft, but, when the
pawl is released by a tripper, the book of the pawl is forced down by a spring, and
engages with a tooth of the ratchet wheel, and the sleeve and cam-rollers are thus
caused to rotate for a single revolution. After one revolution is completed, the
extremity, of the pawl, as it rotates, re-engages with the trip, and lifts the hook
from the ratchet wheel, thus breaking the connection, and the shaft then rotates.
within the sleeve. The pawl is tripped by means of a tripping lever, with a thumb
or finger piece, resting upon a flat spring. Each time that a finger or thumb of
the operator is-pressed on the finger piece, a revolution of the cam-rollers-is caused,
and, by continuing the pressure on the piece, the rotation is continued until the
pressure is removed.
!
As the line of type enters from the setter, it is pushed along until it reaches the
justifying rule; it is then justified by hand along or against the rule, and, when
the operation of justification is completed, the operator puts his thumb or finger
upon the thumb piece, whereupon the cams are rotated, the rule removed, and the
pusher is caused to push upon the line thus justified, forcing it down into the
column. The rule is then brought down, and the machine is ready for the justifi-
cation of a new line. If, for any reasou, the first operation of pushing is not
suécessful, the operator simply keeps a fioger or, thumb upon the piece until the
pushing device has operated again..
I
الت
Emprovememes for Setting and dying Frinting
Type.
!
A communication from abroad by JACOB SALOMON, of Hanover, in the German
Empire, Manufacturer.
I, GEORGE CLEMENT DOWNING, of 8 Quality Court, London WC., Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner
the same in to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in, and
by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements' in machines for setting printing type, and
more particularly to that class of machine described in Letters Patent dated
23 November 1881, No. 5127; and the object of my present invention, is to
effect further improvements in such machine, for the purpose of facilitating the
aforesaid operations.
My improvements in typesetting relate particularly to devices, in hand justifying
machines, for automatically actuating and controlling, by a single, movement of a
lever to be operated by hand, the mechanism which holds the justified lipe in place
during justification, and which, after the operation of justification is complete,
forces the line down into the galley and against the previously justified line.

page_text: And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascertained,
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts.
Fig: 1 is a plan view of the apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the apparatus, on the line 2-2 of Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2; and Figs. 4'
and 5 are detail views, Fig. 4 being on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2, and Fig. 5 on the
line 5-5 of Fig. 2.
A represents the feeding channel in which the type is brought down in the line
from any convenient form of setter; G is the galley. F and F are the frames.
between which the type is formed into a column upon the galley; W is the main
driving shaft of the setter which is connected by a belt with an anxiliary shaft W',
placed longitudiually under the justifier, as shown in Fig. 2. R is the rule against
which the type is justified, which is arranged to be raised und' lowered vertically
in the manner hereinafter described, upon the sliding rod r, and P is the pusher
which pushes the justified line, after the rule R is raised, against the next line
below, and continues to do.so until the entire column is filled up.
In the various forms of haud justifiers in use, and particularly in that form
referred to in the aforesaid Letters Patent, a treadle is employed for the purpose
of raising the rule, and operating the pushier, when the operation of justifying the
line is complete. This treadle takes up more or less room, and the mechanism 'by
which the same operates is more or less complicated. To avoid these difficulties
and to produce a device which will readily automatically raise the rule and throw
forward the pusher, and which will automatically repeat the action as long ás may
be necessary, I fit a loose sleeve S upon the auxiliary shaft W, driven from the
main shaft W, by the pulleys W and W by the belt. This sleeve carries an
adjustable cam roller C, which is provided with an interior cam-groove. C³, as
shown in Fig. 3; cut in its flat face, which has a rapid curvature in one direction,
This cam C3
and a gradual one in the other, so as to give an eccentric movement.
engages with a pin p, upon a vertically arranged lever p', hinged at p to the
arm p, upon the front plate G of the justifier, and connected by the slotted end p³
of the lever with the sliding rods pp, upon which the pusher is supported; so
that, when the cam roller C is rotated, a lateral motion is imparted through the
lever to the pusher, and the pusher is caused to move from right to left, as shown
in Fig. 3.
For the purpose of raising the justifying rule R, a similar adjustable can roller C
is provided on the sleeve S, at one side of the previously described cam roller C,
which contains on its flat face a similar interior cam-groove C, arranged with such
an eccentric curvature as to curve very rapidly at the commencement of the
revolution of the cam roller and subsequently to curve less rapidly. This
mechanism is shown in detail in Fig. 4.
In this Figure 4, R is the rule against which the justification is effected, and ris
a vertical sliding rod sliding in the frame of the justifier, upon which the same is
raised or lowered. This provided with a sleeve from which a pin emerges,
which is connected by a slotted end with a lever horizontally arranged, and
provided at its centre with a piu ; which plays or rolls in the cam-groove C³; the
extermity of the arm being pivoted to the frame of the justifier at 16.
When the cam-roller C is rotated, the cam-groove C2 operates to actuate the
lever, thus raising or lowering the rule R. The effect of the 'curvature of
the cam is such that the rule is quickly raised' free and clear of the type of the
justified line, and is held substantially stationary during the balance of the rotation"
of the cam-roller C, during which interval the pusher mechanism, actuated by
means of the first cam-roller C, operates the second cam-roller C, being set upon
the sleeve, with reference to the first cam-roller C, at such an angle that the rule
will first be raised, and then the pusher mechanism will operate to push down the
justified line, and return to its original' position, between the moment when the rule
ceases to rise and begins to fall.
3

page_text: The two cam-rollers are journalled upon the single loose sleeve S surrounding the
shaft W', which sleevé terminates in a roller or disc S shown in Fig. 5, the end of
the shaft having a fixed ratchet wheel W, shown in Fig. 5, secured to the shaft,
which ratchet wheel rotates with the shaft aud pawl t, the latter being pivoted on
the disc S' at t. This pawl is of such a construction that, when the ratchet wheel
is at, rest, as shown in Fig. 5, the sleeve S does not rotate with the shaft W; but
when the pawl is released by the tripper 3, the hook of the pawl is forced
down by the spring, and engages with a tooth of the ratchet wheel, and the
sleeve and cam rollers are thus caused to rotate for a single revolution. After one
revolution is completed, the extremity of the pawl as it rotates, re-engages
with the trip and lifts the hook from the ratchet wheel, thus breaking the connection,
and the shaft W then rotates within the sleeve S. The pawlt is tripped by means
of a tripping levert, with a thumb or finger piece t³, as shown in Fig. 5, resting
upon a flat spring 8. Each time that a finger or thumb of the operator is pressed
on the piece t³, a revolution of the cani rollers is caused, and by continuing the
pressure on the piece,, the rotacion is continued' until the pressure is removed.
As the line of type enters from the setter it is pushed' along until it reaches the
justifying rule; it is then justified by hand along or against the rule, and, when
the operation of justification is completed, the operator puts his thumb or finger
upon the thumb piece ³, whereupon the cains are rotated, the rule removed, and
the pusher is caused to push upon the line thus justified, forcing it down into the
column. The rule is then brought down, and the machine is ready for the justifi-
cation of a new line. If, for any reason, the first operation of pushing is not
successful, the operator simply keeps a finger or thumb upon the piece ³ until the
pushing device has operated again.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention; and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
.claim is :-
1. In type setting machines of the description aforesaid, the combination of a
galley having side frames between which the type is placed in lines to form a
column, a vertically sliding rule against which the type is justified; a driving shaft
carrying a ratchet wheel; a sleeve mounted loosely on the shaft, within which or
with which the shaft rotates, carrying a spring pawl adapted to engage with the
ratchet wheel; a cam carried by the sleeve; a lever operated by the cam and
connected to the vertically sliding rule, whereby the latter is moved up and down
by the rotation of the cam, and a tripping device controlled by the operator
whereby the sleeve is automatically disconnected from the shaft at each revolution,
or is permitted to revolve ontinuously therewith at the will of the operator
substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
2. In type-setting machines of the description aforesaid the combination of a
galley having side frames between which the type is placed in lines to form a
column; a sliding pusher arranged at the head of the galley to close up the lines
after justification; a driving shaft carrying a ratchet-wheel; a sleeve mounted
loosely on the shaft, within which or with which the shaft rotates, carrying a spring
pawl adapted to engage with the ratchet wheel; a cam carried by the sleeve; a
lever operated by the cam and connected to the pusher to advance and retract the
same by the rotation of the cam, and a tripping device controlled by the operator
whereby the sleeve is automatically disconnected from the shaft at each revolution,
or is permitted to revolve continuously there with at the will of the operator
substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
3. In type setting machines of the description aforesaid the combination with a
galley having side frames between which the type is placed in lines to form a
column of a vertically sliding rule against which the type is justified; a horizontally
sliding pusher for packing the lines in column, a driving shaft carrying a ratchet
wheel; a sleeve mounted loosely on the shaft within which or with which said shaft
rotates; a spring pawl connecting the sleeve with the ratchet wheel, two cams"

page_text: carried by the sleeve; a horizontal lever connecting one of the cams with the rule
and a vertical lever connecting the other cam with the pusher, and a tripping
device for disconnecting the sleeve from the shaft controlled by the operator,
whereby the rotation of said sleeve and the operation of the pusher may be
continued at the will of the operator, substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the drawings.
6.1
T
GEORGE C. DOWNING.