AN IMPROVED CRUSHING AND PULVERIZING MACHINE
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Stevens, of 31, Charing Cross, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED CRUSHING
AND PULVERIZING MACHINE."-A communication from abroad by Adolphe
Joseph Canu, of.42, Rue Laffitte, Paris, in the Empire of France.
Scaled the 6th December 1861, and dated the 11th June 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Stevens at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
June 1861.
I, CHARLES STEVENS, of 31, Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CRUSHING & PULVERISING MACHINE," & that it has been communicated
to me from abroad by Adolphe Joseph Canu, of 42, Rue Laffitte, Paris, in the
Empire of France, to be as follows:-
The machine consists of a plate of ironstone or other hard suitable sub-
stance, to which a rotary movement is given, and which serves as a bottom
grinding stone; above this plate a number of cylinders of iron or other hard
substance are made to turn; the cylinders can be placed at the distance
required from the plate by means of adjusting screws,thus enabling the matters
to be broken up or powdered to the fiueness required; the number of the
cylinders and their diameter, as well as that of the plate, can vary. The
cylinders and also the plate can be grooved or roughened or not, according to
the matter which the machine is intended to act on. Motion is communicated
to the plate and cylinders by ordinary gearwork; the cylinders all turn in the

page_text: same direction, and the plate is sufficiently large in diameter to pass beyond
the cylinders, which turn above it. The rapidity at which the plate &
cylinders turn can vary to suit the materials the machine has to act on. The
plate & cylinders are enclosed in a case, which serves at the same time as frame
to the machine; the case is furnished with a trap, for the introduction of the
matters which, when broken up or powdered, pass into a receptacle placed
beneath the machine, whence they are withdrawn by an endless chain of
buckets.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Stevens in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th
December 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
STEVENS, of 31, Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
- send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing-date-the-Eleventh day of June, in the year-of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me the said Charles Stevens, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Stevens, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Charles Stevens, my executors, administratore, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, au Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CRUSHING AND PULVERISING MACHINE," a communication to me from abroad
by Adolphe Joseph Canu, of 42, Rue Laffitte, Paris, in the Empire
of France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles
Stevens, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office, within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Stevens, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say -
My Invention consists of a machine for pulverising or crushing various
matters, such as stones of every description, ores, coals, emery, crystals, glass,
sandstone, phosphate of lime, guano, earths used for making colors, chemical
products, white lead, porcelaine clay; it can also be advantageously employed
for crushing dry or moist soft matters, such as corn, maize, fruits for making
drinks, beetroots, and matters which must be crushed with oil or water for
making colors.
The machine consists of a plate of ironstone or other hard suitable substance,
to which a rotary movement is given, and which serves as a bottom grinding
stone, above which an indefinite number of cylinders of iron or other hard
substance are made to turn; the cylinders can be placed at any given distance
from the plate by means of adjusting screws, thus enabling the matters to be
broken up or powdered to the fineness required; the number of cylinders, their
diameter, as well as that of the plate, must vary according to the purposes
for which the machine is intended. The cylinders and also the plate may be
grooved, roughened, or not. Motion is communicated to the plate and
cylinders by ordinary gearwork; the cylinders all turn in the same direction;
the plate is of sufficient diameter as to pass beyond the cylinders which turn
above it. The rapidity at which the plate and cylinders are made to revolve
must also be subject to the materials the machine has to act on.
The plate
and cylinders are enclosed in a case, which serves at the same time as frame
to the machine; the case is furnished with a trap for the introduction of the
matters which, when broken up or powdered, pass into a receptacle placed
beneath the machine, whence they are withdrawn by an endless chain of
buckets or otherwise.
The construction of the machine will be readily understood by aid of the
annexed Drawings.
Fig. I is a plan of the machine, the left half of which is a section, following
the line D, D, I, W, F, F, showing the inside of machine, particularly the
position of the cylinders and plate; the right half is a view of the outside
showing the respective position of the pullies for transmitting movement to the
plate and cylinders.
Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the apparatus according to the line
M, M, N, N, showing the respective position of the plate A, A, and of the
cylinders, and also the mode of suspending or maintaining the cylinders and
transmitting movement to them and the plate.
Fig. 3 represents a grooved cylinder; the grooves may vary both in form

page_text: and number and substance, or the cylinders may be smooth, as shown, Fig. 1
these details must depend on the substances the machine is intended to
act on.
A, A, is a horizontal cast-iron plate, rotating with more or less speed,
according to the nature of the substances to be pulverised or crushed; it can
be grooved circularly or obliquely from its centre; its top surface can be of
steel, cast iron, or stone, or the plate may be entirely of stone.
Bis the shaft
to which the plate A, A, is keyed; C is a pulley in two parts, bolted to the
plate A, A; it is furnished with flyers c, placed obliquely, and serve by their
rapid rotary moveinent to drive away the dust, which might otherwise enter
the bearings of the shaft B; E, upper ring bearing, having a circular receiver
for the oil; F, socket ring furnished with a tempered steel plate, in and on
which the end of the shaft B turns; G, adjusting screw, with set screw for
raising and lowering the plate A, A; H, bell-shaped piece turning with the
shaft B, and furnished inside with wings like the pulley C; h, wings for
driving away the dust likely to enter the socket; J1, 2, 3, 4, cylinders-of
cast iron, whose circunference may be grooved or not, and the lower surface
of which like the upper surface of the plate A, A, is grooved circularly or
obliquely from the centre, and formed-of-a-steel-or-cast-iron plate, or of stone;
the cylinders may also be entirely of stone; K 1, 2, 3, 4, steel or iron axles
to which the cylinders J 1, 2, 3, 4, are keyed; they are screw cut toward
their middle to receive a nut screw and set screw for regulating the height of
the cylinders over the plate A, A; L, L, ring and set screw; M, 1, 2, 3, 4,
pullies keyed to the axles K 1, 2, 3, 4, and to which they give movement by
means of the endless band M, by which they are surrounded; N, pulley keyed
to the axle K 1, and governing the four puliies M 1, 2, 3, 4; O, fixed upper
plate furnished with cast-iron or steel ring bearings O', 1. 2, 3, 4, ou which
the cylinders are suspended; the top of the embossments 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, of the
plate O, through which the shafts pass from a circular receiver for holding the
oil which runs round the shaft by means of pieces of cotton, forming syphons.
The plate O is bolted to the uprights S1, 1, 2, 3, 4, and closes the top of the
machine; P, introduction pipe bolted to the plate O, by which the matters to
be pulverised are introduced; the upper end of this pipe has a trap opening
to allow the matters to pass in, but shutting at once after their entrance;
Q1, 2, 3, 4, supports of the upper ends of the axles K 1, 2, 3, 4, bolted to
the pipe P; they are furnished with ring bearings Q 1, 2, 3, 4, which form
circular receivers for the oil for greasing the axles; R, foundation plate of the
machine, forming at R¹ a socket for receiving the bottom end of the vertical
shaft U; ears are pierced in this plate to allow the foundation bolts to pass

page_text: through; S1, 2, 3, 4, uprights bolted to the foundation plate R, and serving
to support the upper plate O, to which they are also bolted; T 1, 2, 3, 4, sheet-
iron plates, closing the openings left by the foundation plate R, the upper
plate O, & the uprights S1, 1, 2, 3, 4, on which they are bolted; U, inter-
mediate vertical shaft, to which the pulley V is keyed, which communicates a
rotary movement by means of the band V to the pulley C of the plate A, A ;
X, pulley keyed to the upper part of the shaft U, and giving a rotary move-
ment by means of the band X to the pulley N of the axle K 1; Y, Y, guides
to the vertical shaft U, bolted to the upright S3; Z, borizontal driving shaft
of the machine; 5, driving pulley of the machine keyed to the shaft Z;
6, loose pulley on the shaft Z; 7, 8, supports in the form of the letter A,
bearing the driving shaft Z; the support 7 is bolted to the foundation plate R;
9, bevel pinion keyed to the shaft U; 10, bevel wheel keyed to the driving
shaft Z, giving movement to the pinion 9; 11, fly wheel keyed to the driving
shaft Z, serving to equalise the movement of the machine; 12, stretcher,
regulated by means of a screw and fly nut, and serving to stretch the endless
M, acting on the four pullies M 1, 2, 3, 4; 13, framework of wood, on which
the machine rests, and to which it is bolted.
Having thus described my Invention, what I claim and desire to secure by
Letters Patent is, the general arrangement of crushing and pulverising machine,
as above described and represented in the annexed Drawings, reserving to
myself the right of applying any motive power I may judge advisable, either
by hand or steam power; in the latter case the crank of the engine could be
applied directly to the shafts Z or U; other modifications might be introduced
without departing from the principle of the Invention, which consists in the
use of revolving cylinders, with smooth or other surface turning over a
revolving plate, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Stevens, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
CHARLES STEVENS. (L.s.)