Improvements in Apparatus and Appliances for Producing and Distributing Cold for Refrigerating Purposes and the Production of Ice.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Mar., 1894-Accepted, 30th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus and Appliances for Producing and
Distributing Cold for Refrigerating Purposes and the Production
of Ice.
We, RICHARD LONG, of 29, Pelican Street, Hyde Park, Engineer, and
WILLIAM EDYE MORT, of 63, Pitt Street, Engineer, both of Sydney, in the
Colony of New South Wales, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to the production of cold by the expansion and evaporation
of a liquefied gas and the cooling of a circulating medium (hereinafter referred to
as the "conducting medium") by direct contact with the evaporated gas.
We use by preference, as the refrigerating agent, carbonic anhydride, hereafter
referred to as the "liquefied gas," compressed into a liquid form by means of a
compression pump, in connection with a condenser--an apparatus hereinafter
referred to as the "injector and combiner " is connected by a pipe to the compression
pump. The injector and combiner is fixed in a vessel, hereinafter referred to as
the "separator," and a series of circulating pipes or coils are connected with the
injector and combiner and the lower part of the separator. A vessel, hereinafter
referred to as the absorber, is connected by a pipe to the gas outlet in the separator,
and a pipe leads from the absorber to the compression pump.
In applying our invention for cooling a chamber in which meat or other solid
substances are placed, the separator, containing the injector and combiner,
fixed
An
by preference, near the ceiling, with the circulating pipes immediately below.
uncongealable conducting medium, consisting of alcohol and chloride of calcium, is
placed the separator and allowed to fill the circulating pipes, the height of the
conducting medium in the separator being shown in a gauge glass. The valve on
the injector is then opened, and the liquefied gas from the compression pump
allowed to enter the injector and combiner. A vacuum is caused in a part of the
injector and combiner by the gaseous pressure and the conducting medium is drawn
into the injector and combiner and into direct contact with the refrigerating gas,
and mixes with it in the coil of the injector and combiner. The conducting medium
thus rapidly loses its heat and is delivered into the separator at an extreme degree
of cold, and drawn through the circulating pipes back to the injector and combiner,
to be re-cooled and circulated.
The gas held in mechanical solution by the conducting medium is given off in the
separator, and the gas passes to the absorber. The absorber is charged with fuzed
or crystalized chloride of calcium, by which the gas is freed from any moisture it
may contain; and the gas is conducted by the pipe to the compression pump to be
again returned in a liquid form to the injector and combiner.
In applying our invention to the manufacture of ice, the conducting medium
passes through coils of pipes placed in tanks containing brine, and in this brine,
vessels containing the water to be frozen are placed.
It will be seen that our invention mainly consists in cooling an uncongealable
conducting medium by direct conduct with a refrigerating gas, and in utilizing the
pressure from a liquefied gas for the purpose of creating a vacuum for raising and
circulating a conducting medium. If desired and for special purposes, a separate
pump may be employed for circulating, or aiding the circulation of the conducting
medium, without departing from the principles of our invention. The extreme
5 cold produced from the expansion and evaporation of a liquefied gas solidifies a
portion of the liquid into a snow-like substance but which the alcoholic conducting

page_text: medium dissolves, thus producing a greater degree of cold than could by the
evaporation of the liquid alone.
Dated this 2nd der of Ian 1804
FREDERIC PRINCE,
Agent for Applicants.
Improvements in Apparatus and Appliances for Producing and
Distributing Cold for Refrigerating Purposes and the Production
of Ice.
We, RICHARD LONG, of 29 Pelican Street, Hyde Park, Engineer, and
WILLIAM EDYE MORT, of 63, Pitt Street, Engineer, both of Sydney, in the
Colony of New South Wales, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the production of cold by the expansion and evaporation
of a liquefied gas, and the cooling of a circulating medium (hereafter referred to as
the "conducting medium") by direct contact with the evaporated gas.
We use, by preference, as a refrigerating agent, carbonic anhydride, hereafter
referred to as the "liquefied gas" compressed into a liquid form by means of a
compression pump, in connection with a condenser; an apparatus, hereafter referred
to as the "injector and combiner" is connected by a pipe to the compression pump.
The injector and combiner is fixed in a vessel, hereinafter referred to as the
separator, and a series of circulating pipes or coils are connected with the injector
and conbiner and the lower part of the separator. A vessel, hereinafter referred
to as the absorber is connected by a pipe to the gas outlet in the separator, and a
pipe leads from the absorber to the compression pump.
In applying our invention for cooling a chamber in which meat or other solid
substances are placed, the separator, containing the injector and combiner, is fixed
by preference near the ceiling, with the circulating pipes just below. An
uncongealable conducting medium, consisting of alcohol or a solution of alcohol
and chloride of calcium, is placed in the separator and allowed to fill the circulating
pipes, the height of the conducting medium in the separator being shown in the
gauge glass. The valve on the injector is then opened, and the liquefied gas from
the compression pump allowed to enter the injector and combiner. A vacuum is
caused in a part of the injector and combiner by the gaseous pressure, and the
conducting medium is drawn into the injector and combiner and into direct contact
with the refrigerating gas, and mixes with it in the coil of the injector and combiner.
The conducting medium thus rapidly loses its heat, and is delivered into the
separator at an extreme degree of cold, and drawn through the circulating pipes
back into the injector and combiner, to be re-cooled and circulated. The gas held
in mechanical solution by the conducting medium is given off in the separator, and
the gas passes to the absorber. The absorber is charged with fuzed or crystalised
chloride of calcium, by which the gas is freed from any moisture it may contain,
and the gas is conducted by a pipe to the compression pump, to be again returned
in a liquid form to the injector and combiner.
In applying our invention to the manufacture of ice, the conducting medium
passes through coils of pipes placed in tanks containing brine, and in this brine,
vessels containing the water to be frozen are placed.
To further describe and ascertain our invention, and the means by which it is
practically carried into effect, a sheet of drawings is annexed, reference being had
to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1, is a sectional elevation of a cooling chamber showing in position the
injector and combiner A, in the separator B; C, C, C, C, are parts of the series

page_text: of circulating pipes for the conducting medium, and D, is the gas exhaust pipe.
When the valve a is opened the liquefied gas is admitted through the pipe b from
the compression pump into the injector A, and through the coil of pipes A¹ and out
into the conducting medium H, in the separator B. The medium is drawn by the
vacuum in the injector through the circulating pipes C in the direction of the
arrows and the gas passes through the pipe D, to the absorber Fig. 3.
A gauge glass Fig. 1, is fixed in the separator for showing the height of the
conducting medium H. Any air that may be in the pipes and apparatus rises to g
and is blown off through a cock. h, h, h, h, are midfeathers or divisions for releasing
the gas from the conducting medium.
Fig. 2, is a plan of Fig. 1, near to the ceiling. The separator B, Fig. 2 is a
section through the line E, E, Fig. 1.
The gas exhaust pipe D, in Fig. 1, is not shown on the plan Fig. 2.
Fig. 3, is a sectional view of the absorber, with the loose perforated trap i for the
chloride of calcium. is an air cock; l is the exhaust gas pipe leading to the
compression pump.
Fig. 4, shows a section of the injector, being part of the injector and combiner A,
The
Fig. 1.
The liquefied gas enters at m into the expansion chamber n.
conducting medium enters at o and is discharged with the gas at p into the coil of
the injector and combiner.
It will be seen that our invention mainly consists in cooling an uncongealable
conducting medium by direct contact with a refrigerating gas, and in utilizing the
pressure from the liquefied gas for the purpose of creating a vacuum for raising and
circulating a conducting medium. If desired, and for special purposes, a separate
pump may be employed for circulating or aiding the circulation of the conducting
medium, without departing from the principles of our invention. The extreme
cold produced from the expansion and evaporation of a liquefied gas solidifies a
portion of the liquid into a snow-like substance but which the alcoholic conducting
medium dissolves, thus producing a greater degree of cold than could be obtained
by the evaporation of the liquid alone.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The use of an injector for the purpose of raising and circulating an uncon-
gealable medium through pipes by a vacuum caused by the evaporation and pressure
of a liquefied gas, and in cooling the uncongealable medium by direct contact with
the gas, operating substantially in the manner set forth.
2. The construction of an injector with the expansion chamber n Fig. 4, for the
expansion and evaporation of a liquefied gas and for the purpose set forth.
3. The construction of the injector and combiner, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
4. The construction of the separator and the arrangement of its parts, in
combination with the injector and combiner, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
5. The combination of parts forming refrigerating plant: substantially in the
manner set forth and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
FREDERIC PRINCE,
37, Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane, London, E.C.,
Agent for Applicants.