IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Whiteley, Joe Booth Whiteley, and Charles Henry
Whiteley, all of Lockwood, near Huddersfield, in the County of York, Machine
Makers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
led the 14th March 1879, and dated the 18th September 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Whiteley, Joe Booth
Whiteley, and Charles Henry Whiteley at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 18th September 1878.
WILLIAM WHITELEY, JOE BOOTH WHITELEY, and CHARLES HENRY WHITELEY,
all of Lockwood, near Huddersfield, in the County of York, Machine Makers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING
WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBTANCES."
This Invention relates to machinery for which prior Letters Patent were granted
to the said William Whiteley, dated June 26th, 1876, No. 2628, in the Specification
of which were described certain nipping devices and apparatus for opening and
closing the same, which nippers were for the purpose of holding the yarn during the
operations of drawing and spinning or twisting.
Our present improvements are for the purpose of dispensing with the nipping
apparatus above mentioned, and effecting the retention of the yarn by the frictional
contact of the said yarn with a small spindle or pin, around which it is caused to
wind at the moment when the retention or nipping is required.
The yarn thread passes through a revolving pulley or wharle mounted and driven
in the same manner as the revolving nippers. The hole or passage through the
wharle is made eccentric to the axis thereof, and on the under side in the centre of
the wharle is a small pin. To the bearings or carrier of each wharle is fixed a
toothed segment or quadrant, and by means of a sliding rack the wharles can be
Price 841

page_text: caused to tilt or rock rather less than a quarter of a revolution, so that they can
work either vertically or nearly horizontally.
Previous to the commencement of each draw the threads are forced into
contact with the pins on the under side of the wharles by means of a sliding
rod provided with fingers or pegs, and the threads are thereby twisted several
times round the pins on the under side of the wharle, after which the wharles
are turned to the horizontal position and the draw at once begins. The yarn
can only twist a certain number of times around the pin, as each succeeding
lap falls off the point of the spindle or pin on the under side of the wharle
as soon as it is formed. The friction or nip caused by the lapping of the
yarn around the pin is sufficient to retain the same during the process of drawing
and spinning, and as soon as this is completed the wharles are returned to the
vertical position, which allows the thread to slip off or release its hold on the pins
on the under side of wharle, and to pass through them freely whilst they travel
back for the next draw. In order to throw the twist upwards the top of the wharle
or tube is provided with a hollow peg or spindle, which peg or spindle is notched,
and this notch receives the thread during the drawing operation. By this means
the thread is alternately twisted round and thrown off the top of the tube, as in
the case of a mule spindle, whereby it is caused to vibrate and throw up the
twist.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Whiteley, Joe Booth Whiteley, and Charles Henry Whiteley
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th March 1879.
WILLIAM WHITELEY, JOE BOOTH WHITELEY, and CHARLES HENRY WHITELEY,
all of Lockwood, near Huddersfield, in the County of York, Machine Makers.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING
WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to machinery for which prior Letters Patent were granted
to the said William Whiteley, dated June 26th, 1876, No. 2628, in the Specification
of which were described certain nipping devices and apparatus for opening and
closing the same, which nippers were for the purpose of holding the yarn during the
operations of drawing and spinning or twisting.
Our present improvements are for the purpose of dispensing with the nipping
apparatus above mentioned, and effecting the retention of the yarn by the frictional
contact of the said yarn with a small spindle or pin, around which it is caused to
wind at the moment when the retention or nipping is required. The yarn thread
passes through a revolving pulley or wharle mounted and driven in the same
manuer as the revolving nippers. The hole or passage through the wharle is made
eccentric to the axis thereof, and on the under side in the centre of the wharle is a
small pin. To the bearings or carrier of each wharle is fixed a toothed segment or
quadrant, and by means of a sliding rack the wharles can be caused to tilt or rock
rather less than a quarter of a revolution, so that they can work either vertically,
or nearly horizontally, or in any intermediate position. Previous to the commence-
ment of each draw the yarn threads are twisted several times round the pins on
the under side of the wharle, and the draw then begins. The yarn can only twist
a limited number of turns around the pin, as each succeeding lap falls off the point
of the spindle or pin on the under side of the wharle as soon as it is formed.
friction or nip caused by the lapping of the yarn around the pin is sufficient to
retain the same during the process of drawing and spinning, and as soon as this is
completed the wharles are returned to the vertical or more upright position,
which allows the thread to slip off or release its hold on the pins on the under
side of wharle, and to pass through them freely whilst they travel back for the next
draw.
The
In order to throw the twist upwards the top of the wharle or tube is provided
with a peg or spindle, which may be either solid or hollow; if hollow, the thread
passes through the same, and is caught by a notch therein at each revolution during
the drawing operation, and by this means the thread is alternately twisted, rounded,
and thrown off the top of. the tube, as in the case of a mule spindle, whereby it is
caused to vibrate and throw up the twist.
In order that our Invention may be more fully understood, we herein give
reference to the accompanying Sheets of Drawings illustrating the same. Figs. 1;
2, 3, 4, are vertical cross sections and part front elevations of the machine, and
shew the relative position of the parts during each operation, that is to say, during
the drawing or spinning operation, which is illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, and during
the upward or return motion of the nippers when they approach the condenser
bobbins, as shewn in Figs. 1 and 2. In Fig. 5 we have given details full size of the
tube with hollow spindles described in our Provisional Specification; and in Figs. 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 we have shewn in detail an improved nipping tube with
solid spindle or pin, and mechanism for operating the same, which is herein-after
described.
Although the general features of the machine are similar to those described in
our former Patent, our Invention will be more readily understood if the principal
parts are enumerated,

page_text: The rovings or condenser threads A required to be spun are wound upon
ordinary condenser bobbins B in the usual manner. From these bobbins the
roving is unwound by the usual surface drum C, and forward and held by the
delivery or feed rollers D. The threads pass through the revolving tubes E, and
thence through the guide eyes F and flyers to the spindles G.
On commencing to spin the feed or delivery rollers D,and also the condenser bobbin,
surface drum, and revolving tubes, having approached each other, as shown in dotted
lines in Fig. 3, the roving being held between the delivery rollers and the revolving
tube, the tubes and rollers are then caused to recede from each other in the direction
of the arrows shewn in Fig. 3, and during the earlier part of this movement the
rollers D revolve and deliver such quantity of roving or condensing sliver as it is
required to draw or elongate into yarn, as in the ordinary spinning mule. The
rollers D then cease to revolve, and during the remainder of the receding movement
the portion delivered during the earlier part is spup, drawn, or elongated. 'The
receding motion of the rollers D and tubes E is continued until the tubes. have
approached the guide eyes F, as shewn in dotted lines in Fig. 3, when the roving
will have been subjected to an amount of draught varying according to the pro-
portion which the amount delivered bears to the travel of the rollers and tubes, and
will have been twisted and drawn during the whole of the time.
spun
Thus far the operation has been similar to that performed on a mule, but as soon
as the tube has reached its lowest position it releases its hold upon the thread, and
simultaneously the tubes and rollers commence to approach each other and returning.
to their original position, as shown by Fig. 1, previous to commencing another
draught. As soon as the downward movement of the rollers commences the
thread begins to wind upon the bobbin, which revolves within the ring H, and
which form part of a frame spinning apparatus known as the ring and traveller.
The winding of the thread upon the bobbin is continuous, one half of each draught
being passed forward to the said bobbin on the spindle G as the tubes E and
rollers D approach each other, and the other half being passed forward by the tube
during the succeeding draught.
The bobbin and spindle revolve in the same direction as the tube E, but at a
quicker speed than the said tube, so that the thread undergoes additional twisting
after the tube relaxes its hold thereon, giving the yarn the requisite amount of
twist.
The tubes E retain or hold the yarn and release the same at each change in the
direction of their movement. The tube itself consists of a wharle or pulley having
a pin or peg a passing through the centre and projecting from each side or face
thereof. Near to the pin or peg a hole b is bored, through which the thread passes
this hole being eccentric to the circumference of the tube. The metal surrounding
the peg or pin is mostly cut away, so that there is on the upper face of the wharle
an almost circular channel, which gradually decreases as it penetrates through the
wharle, terminating in the round hole on the under side. The object of the hole
being thus enlarged on the upper side is to facilitate the "threading "or passage of
the yarn when mending broken ends.
There is a circular channel or recess cut on the under side of the wharle to
receive a hollow bush c formed on the bracket d, on which is also formed a toothed
segment or quadrant e, from the centre of which projects a hollow stud f, which
enters a hole in the tube rail. The wharle is fixed to the bracket by means of
screw's' inserted through a disc g in such manner that the wharle is free to revolve
on the bush, whilst the bracket can tilt or rock sideways upon the stud in the tube
rail J. This tilting motion is effected by means of a rack h operated by cam j.
sliding on the square diagonal shaft k, which shaft is numbered 48 in the Specifi-
cation of pror Patent, and has intermittent half revolutions imparted to it by train
of gearing m from the cam shaft n, numbered 27 in the said Specification." The
rack h gears with a pinion o on stud or short shaft p, on which is also another
pinion q gearing with the double rack r, which gears with the toothed segments or

page_text: quadrants. Fig. 13 illustrates the apparatus for rocking the tubes, being a vertical
section of the headstock, Fig. 14 being the corresponding opposite section. When
preparing to commence spinning or drawing the tubes are in a nearly horizontal
position, and for the first few revolutions thereof the yarn or thread is twisted
tightly round the pin which projects from the under side of the tube, and the friction
between the thread and pin serves to retain or hold the thread as the tubes and
delivery rollers recede from each other.
The yarn can only twist a certain number of turns round the pin, as the suc-
ceeding laps fall off the ends of the pin as soon as they are formed. The pin being
of small diameter on the under side of the wharle the friction or nip caused by the
lapping of the yarn around the pin is sufficient to retain the same during the process
of drawing and spinning, and as soon as this is completed the wharles are returned
to the nearly vertical position, which allows the thread to slip off or release its hold
on both the upper and under pins of the wharle, and to pass through them freely
whilst they travel back for the next draw.
The pin on the upper side of the wharle being large in diameter in proportion to
its length the thread alternately twists round and slips off the top of the pin, as in
a mule spindle, whereby it is caused to vibrate and the twist is distributed or
thrown up.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and illustrated by
Drawings the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried
into practice, we would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves to the
precise details of construction of any of the parts herein shewn, as the same inay
be varied, neither do we lay claim to the whole of the parts referred to, but what
we consider to be new and wish to secure by the present Letters Patent is,-
The method of and apparatus for retaining or holding the thread during the
process of drawing and spinning or twisting by causing the same to lap or make a
series of turns round a pin or other equivalent, substantially as herein shewn and
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Whiteley, for and on behalf of myself
and the said Joe Booth Whiteley and Charles Henry Whiteley, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
5 Witness,
J. W. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax.
WILLIAM WHITELEY. (L.S.)