Year: 1860

page_text: LONDON:
PRINTED BY GEORGE E. FYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,
PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY:
PUBLISHED AT THE GREAT SEAL PATENT OFFICE,
25, SOUTHAMPTON BUILDINGS, HOLBORN.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hilary Nicholas Nissen, of Mark Lane, in the City
of London, Engraver and Stationer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PREPARATION OF PAPER IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE EXTRACTION OR
ALTERATION OF WRITINGS THEREON WITHOUT DETECTION"
Scaled the 16th November 1860, and dated the 19th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hilary Nicholas Nissen
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th May. 1860.
I, HILARY NICHOLAS NISSEN, of Mark Lane, in the City of London.
Engraver and Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PAPER IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE
EXTRACTION OR ALTERATION OF WRITINGS THEREON WITHOUT DETECTION," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in preparing paper by the addition of a preparation
of iron, together with ammonia, prussiate of potass, and chlorine, either when
in pulp or when in process of being sized; and I use the paper for the ordinary
purposes of writing on directly or with the previous addition of a pattern,
figure, or device impressed thereon on one or both sides from any printing.
surface in a fugitive or other material.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Hilary Nicholas Nissen in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HILARY
NICHOLAS NISSEN, of Mark Lane, in the City of London, Engraver and
Stationer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her beirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Hilary Nicholas Nissen, Her special licence that I, the said Hilary Nicholas
Nissen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Hilary Nicholas Nissen, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PAPER IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE EXTRACTION
OR ALTERATION OF WRITINGS THEREON WITHOUT DETECTION," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Hilary Nicholas Nissen, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
• NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hilary Nicholas Nissen, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:―
My Invention consists in preparing paper by the addition of a preparation
of iron, together with ammonia and prussiate of potass, either when in pulp or
when in process of being sized...I use the paper when prepared in its white
or natural state, or coloured to any desirable tint (by the addition of vegetable,
animal, or mineral. colour or colours to the paper when in the pulp) for the
ordinary purposes of writing or printing upon directly or after the addition of a
figure, pattern, or device impressed upon the prepared paper, either on ouc or
both sides, from any description of printing surface, or by any other means of

page_text: conveying to the prepared paper such pattern, figure, or device printed,
impressed, or otherwise conveyed to such surface in any fugitive or other
material, according to the usual mode of preparing such matter for printing.
The proportions which I have found to answer best for carrying my Invention
into effect are the following:-Dry crystals of perchloride of iron 4 lbs.,
prussiate of potass 10 lbs., ammonia 42 ozs., distilled water 10 gallons; this
mixture is diluted when clear by the addition of 20 gallons of water; this
quantity will be sufficient for about 8 cwt. of manufactured paper, but the
different proportions and quantities of the ingredients may be altered from
time to time to suit either the season of the year or the material used for
making the pulp. As before stated, I add the preparation to the pulp or to the
paper either before or after or at the time of sizing; sometimes I omit the
process of sizing altogether, or until such time as shall best suit the con-
venience of the paper marker ; I add a printed or otherwise impressed
surface to the paper; I print or otherwise impress one or both sides of
the paper with a preparation composed of any vegetable, animal, or mineral
substance, but I prefer to impress the surface with a preparation composed of
the usual mixture known as writing ink, being simply a mixture of iron and
galls, and I prefer this mixture for this reason, that any attempt to remove
writing from paper prepared or not in the pulp has the effect also of removing
the impressed pattern on which writing has been placed. The plates, blocks,
or other surfaces from which impressions are to be made or transferred to the
prepared paper should be engraved first by the usual hand process of en-
graving, and then the surface plate or block should be covered (either beforo
or after) with a pattern or device produced first by the engravers' ruling
machine, and then fixed in tho ordinary way by etching, such plate or block
thus shewing when printed or transferred to the prepared paper two tints or
colours at one printing or impression, any disturbance of which would. be
difficult if not impossible to restore without detection after having been written
on in the usual manner of writing.
The processes before described may be used in combination with Dickinson's
patent for the introduction of thread in paper, or with Varnham's patent for
introducing a colored pulp between two sheets of paper, or with impressions
from plates engraved by the patented processes of Messrs. Perkin and Bacon,
known as the white line engraving.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First, the preparation of a sensitive paper for writing or printing upon by

page_text: the addition to the pulp of perchloride of iron, prussiate of potass and ammonia,
in or about the proportions herein-before stated.
Second, impressing by printing or otherwise transferring to the surface on
one or both sides of the said sensitive paper patterns, marks, or devices
transferred or printed with by preference a preparation of galls and iron, as
herein-before. described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hilary Nicholas Nissen, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
5
HILARY NICHOLAS NISSEN. (L.S.)