[MPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HUTCHES OR WAGONS, AND IN THE TIPPLERS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John McCulloch and William Cook, both of Glasgow, in
the County of Lanark, North Britain, for an invention of "[MPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HUTCHES OR WAGONS, AND IN THE TIPPLERS FOR
THE SAME."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John McCulloch and
William Cook at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
24th April 1882.
JOHN MCCULLOCH and WILLIAM Cook, both of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HUTCHES, OR
WAGONS, AND IN THE TIPPLERS FOR THE SAME."
This invention which relates to improvements in the Construction of Hutches,
or Wagons, and in the "Tipplers" used for turning over the said Hutches, or
Wagons, in order to discharge their Contents, consists as follows:-
Firstly. In the construction of what is known as the framing and sometimes
called the "Trams" on which the body of the Hutch or Wagon rests, and to which
the axle-boxes are attached. In the improved framing or "tram" an iron or steel
tube is used. The central part of this tube is for the sake of stiffening the tube,
filled up with a piece, or pieces, of wood, or other cheap material. At either ond of
the central piece of wood or other material, a flat plate is inserted bearing on the
ends thereof, and forms the scats of the buffer-springs. A similar flat plate is
placed at the outer ends of the buffer-Springs. The buffers themselves consist
each of a hard-wood core, the outer part or ends of which are covered with a piece
of iron or steel tube, and the inner ends of the hard wood portions bear upon or
against the outer plates situated between then and the buffer-springs. In order
to keep the said buffers in their due positions in the ends of the tubes, a slot is
formed therein through which a bolt or pin held in corresponding holes of each
end of the tube passes.-The slotted or elongated form of the holes permitting of
the requisite motions of the buffers.
The axle-boxes are fixed to the undersides of the tubes, and are by preference
fitted with white metal bearings which communicate with an oil reservoir formed
Prins C1

page_text: "
in the central parts of the tubes and a needle is by preference placed in the oil
holes to keep them clear. These improved frames or "trams are attached to
the bodies of the Hutches, or Wagons, in any convenient manner, but by preference
hinged, or bolted, covering pieces are attached to the bodies of the Hutches or
Wagons, which close round and grip the tubular framing or "trams."
Secondly. The improved "Tippling" apparatus consists of a pair of balanced or
counter-weighted discs or plates, carried upon a shaft and at such distance apart as
corresponds with the dimensions of the Hutch, or Wagon ;- This apparatus is
placed in the line of tramway, or railway, off, or from, which the Hutches, or
Wagons, are tipped, or emptied, of their contents, the said apparatus carrying
portions of the line of railway, or tramway and which portions move with it, when
the tipping or discharging action takes place. The apparatus is so balanced that
when a loaded Hutch or Wagon is run thereon, the attendant, by the pressure of
his hand, can turn over, or tip the same. The said apparatus is provided with a
brake preferably bearing upon the periphery or surface of one or both of the discs.
The weight of a loaded Hutch or Wagon when tipped in the said apparatus, by
virtue of the conical shape of the tyres of the wheels causes them to be wedged
between the rails and angle-irons or their equivalents, so that the Hutch, or Wagon,
is securely held in position.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John M°Culloch and William Cook in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 24th October 1882.
JOHN MCCULLOCH and WILLIAM COOK, both of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HUTCHES OR
WAGONS AND IN THE "TIPPLERS FOR THE SAME,"
"3
Our said Invention which relates to Improvements in the construction of hutches
or wagons and in the "tipplers" used for turning over the said hutches or wagons
in order to discharge their contents, consists as follows:-
"
Firstly. In the construction of what is known as the framing and sometimes
called the "trams on which the body of the hutch or wagon rests and to which
the axle boxes are attached.-In the improved framing or "trams" a pair of iron
or steel tubes are used.-The central parts of each of the tubes is for the sake of
stiffening the tube filled up with a piece or pieces of wood or other cheap material.-
At either end of the contral piece of wood or other material, a flat plate is
inserted bearing on the ends thereof, and forms the seats of the buffer springs.—
A similar flat plate is placed at the outer ends of the buffer springs.-The buffers
theinselves consist each of a hard wood core, the outer part or ends of which are
covered with a piece of iron or steel tube and the inner ends of the hard wood
portions bear upon or against the outer plates situated between them and the
buffer springs. In order to keep the said buffers in their due positions in the ends
of the tubes, a slot is formed therein through which a bolt or pin held in corre-
sponding holes of each end of the tube passes.-The slotted or elongated form of
the holes permitting of the requisite motions of the buffers.
"
The axle boxes are fixed to the under sides of the tubes, and are by preference
fitted with white metal bearings, which communicate with an oil reservoir formed
in the central parts of the tubes and a needle is by preference placed in the oil
holes to keep them clean.-These improved frames or "trams are attached to the
bodies of the hutches or wagons in any convenient manner, but by preference,
hinged or bolted covering pieces are attached to the bodies of the hutches or
wagons, which close round and grip the tubular framing or "trams" or separate
bolted flanges may be dispensed with by opening out portions of the tube.
Secondly. The improved tippling apparatus consists of a pair of balanced or
counterweighted discs or plates carried upon a shaft and at such a distance apart
as corresponds with the dimensions of the hutch or wagon.-This apparatus is
placed in the line of tramway or railway off or from which the hutches or wagons
are tipped or emptied of their contents, the said apparatus carrying portions of the
line of railway or tramway and which portions move with it when the tipping or
discharging action takes place. The apparatus is so balanced that when a loaded
hutch or wagon is run thereon the attendant by the pressure of his hand can turn
over or tip the same. The said apparatus is provided with a brake preferably
bearing upon the periphery or surface of one or both of the discs.-The weight of
a loaded hutch or wagon when tipped in the said apparatus, by virtue of the
conical shape of the tyres of the wheels causes them to be wedged between the
rails and angle irons or their equivalents so that the hutch or wagon is securely
held in position.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood we now
proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner in or under
which the sume is or may be used or practically carried into effect reference being
had to the accompanying Drawings and to the letters and Figures marked thereon,
that is to say.
Figure 1, of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings represents a side elevation of

page_text: a hutch or wagon resting upon and within the "tipplers" or tippling apparatus,
the said hutch or wagon and "tipplers" being constructed in accordance with our
said Invention, and Figure 2, is an end elevation of the same.
"
Figure 3, illustrates in longitudinal section the construction of the framing or
" trams
and Figure 4, drawn on an enlarged scale is a transverse sectional
elevation of the same upon the line 1, 2, Figure 3.
Figures 5, and 6, represent a modification of our Improvements which is
hereinafter referred to.
"
The framing or " trams upon which the body of the hutch or wagon is
supported and to which the axle boxes are attached consists as shewn more
particularly in Figures 3, and 4, of two iron or steel tubes A, running parallel the
length of the hutch and taking the place of the ordinary beams.
The central or main part of each of the tubes is fitted up with a piece or pieces
of wood or other cheap material B, which thus renders the tubes of greater
strength. At either end of the central pieco of wood or other material B, a flat
circular plate c, is inserted bearing against the ends thereof the said plates forming
the seats of the buffer springs c¹.
The buffers themselves consist each of a hard wood core C, the outer parts or
ends of which aro covered with a piece of iron or steel tube c³, and the inner ends
of the said portion C, bear upon or against the outer circular plates c³, situate
between the said part C, and the buffer springs c'-In order to keep the buffers in
their due position within the ends of the tubes A, slotted holes c', are formed
through the cores C, through which bolts or pins c³, held in corresponding holes of
each end of the tubes A pass, the slotted or elongated form of the holes perinitting
of the requisite motion of the buffers.-The axle boxes D, are fitted to the under
sides of the tubes by bolts or equivalent fastenings d, which are passed diametrically
through the tubes A, and the wooden or other filling B.-We prefer to form the
said axle boxes with a curved upper surface as at d', Figure 4, to correspond with
the curvature of the tubes, but it is obvious that the method of attaching the axle
boxes to the framing or "trams" is capable of various modifications:-The-axle-
boxes are preferably fitted upon the axles a¹, of the wheels a², with white metal
bearings d³, which communicate with oil reservoirs b, formed in the under part of
the wooden or other filling B, as shewn.-The said reservoirs aro preferably
extended within the tubes A, from the distance of one axle box to the other as
shewn in Figure 3, and a needle d³, is by preference placed in each of the oil holos
of the axle boxes to keep the said holes clean.-In order to charge the reservoirs
with the oil a feeding aperture is provided in a central position within the tubes A,
the said apertures being fitted with pins b¹ to keep the apertures clean.-The
tubes A, are attached to the body of the hutch or wagon by hinged or bolted
covering pieces E, Figures 1, and 2, which close round and grip the tubular framing
or "trams."-It is obvious that the said holders E, may be of various forms and
that they may be attached to the hutch also in various ways, for instance, the said
holders or grippers, brackets or portions E, which surround the tubes may be formed
in two halves or portions so as to enable the said parts to be adjustably fixed to
the tubes by screwed bolts.
In Figures 5, and 6, we have shewn an arrangement for dispensing with the
brackets or holders E, for attaching the body of the hutch to the framing or
"trams." This is effected by opening out the part of the tubes where the brackets E,
in Figures 1 and 2, are located.
Figure 5, is an end, elevation of a portion of the hutch or wagon with the tubular
"trams" in section and Figure 6, is a side elevation of the same.
The part a, of the tube A, is a strip cut out from the portion of the tube nearest
to the body of the hutch and is preferably of a width as shewn in Figure 6,
corresponding to the width of the Bracket E, shewn more particularly in Figure 1,
or the tube may be opened out the greater part of its length.-In order to allow
of a sufficient amount of metal to form an attachment to the hutch, the part of the
tube opened out may have welded to it an extra length or portion of metal.

page_text: The construction of the tippling apparatus in accordance with our said invention
consists of a pair of balanced or counterweighted discs or plates F, which are carried
upon a central shaft G, supported in bearings g, upon the fixed beam or other part g'.
The said disca or plates are formed in their upper parts with openings F.,
sufficient to allow the hutch to pass throught as shewn more particularly in
Figure 2, and the said discs are mounted upon the shaft at such a distance apart as
corresponds with the length or dimensions of the hutch or wagon as shown in
Figure 1.
The tippling apparatus is placed in the line of tramway or railway off or from
which the hutches or wagons are tipped or emptied of their contents the said
apparatus carrying portions H, of the line of railway, or tramway and which move
with it when the tippling or discharging action takes place.--The two lines of
mails H, are supported between the two discs F, by longitudinal beans f. the
extremities of which are carried upon brackets f¹1, cast with or formed upon the
inner sides of the said discs as shewn more particularly in Figure 1.
When it is desired to tip or discharge the hutch or wagon the hutch is run off
the main line of rails on to the line of rails H, which may be taken as continuous
lines towards the left and towards the right of Figure 1, the said lines being broken
from the main lines at a point between the outer part of the discs and the inner
side or edge of the supporting transverse beams g', Figure 1-Stops f', are
provided near the edge of the discs to limit the partial revolution of the discs and
a brake J, is arranged to act upon the periphery or surface of one or both of the
discs, the block j, of the break being operated by the hand lever j'-As shewn the
brake is mounted upon one of the transverse beamis g'.
The hutch or wagon with its load is now upon the line of rails H, and within
the two discs and the attendant with his hand upon the brake allows the weight
of the load upon the hutch to overbalance the tippling apparatus and when over-
turned the hutch will have assumed the position shewn by the dot and pick
line x, y, the said line indicating the position of the outer right hand edge of the
hutch as shewn in Figure 2.
The hutch is held securely within the apertures F', of the two discs by the angle
irons or brackets f³, Figure 2, bolted or otherwise secured to the openings F', of
the discs; the said angle irons when the hutch is run upon the rails H, receiving
the projecting plates or catches c, which as shewn more particularly in Figure 2,
project out from the holders E, which secure the body of the hutch to the framing
or "trams."-By this arrangement the hutch is wedged in between the rails E, and
the said angle irons f³, the conical shape of the tyres of the wheels of the butch
effecting the wedging action.
It is obvious that when the hutch is lightened by the discharging of its load the
weight of the load or intact portions of the two discs will be superior to the
weight of the empty hutch the said hutch will therefore return of itself to its
original position as shewn in the drawings.
It is obvious that the hutches or wagons may also be tipped or discharged from
their ends in lieu of tipping them from their sides as herein before described by
running the hutches within the tippler in a direction corresponding to the direction
of the motion of the discs F, in lieu of running the said hutches at right angles to
the motion of the discs as herein before described.-It is preferred to coat the inner
sides or edges of the openings F, within the discs with strips f*, Figure 2 of wood
or other soft material to receive any sideway concussion to which the hutches may
be subjected.
In Figure 2, is shewn the end plate of the hutch strengthened with a horizontal
bar S, of angle iron but the ends of the hutch inay also be strengthened in lieu of
the said bar by forming corrugations upon the plates.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said Invention
and the system, mode or manner in or under which the same is or may be used
or practically carried into effect we would observe in conclusion that what we
.

page_text: consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the invention secured to
us by the horeinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is.
First. In the construction of hutches or wagons the tubular framing or
"trams" attached to the body of the hutch or wagon substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference inore particularly to Figures 3, to 6, of the accompanying
Drawings.
Second-The construction of the buffers and of the oil reservoirs and bearings
in combination with the tubular framing or "trams" substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference more particularly to Figures 3, and 4, of the accompanying
Drawings.
In Witness Whereof I the said William Cook have hereunto set my hand and
seal this twentieth day of October in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.