Improvements in or connected with the 'Manufacture and Refining of Beet, Cane, and other Sugars.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in or connected with the 'Manufacture and Refining of
Beet, Cane, and other Sugars.
r
We, CHARLES JAMES CROSFIELD, J.P., Sugar Refiner, and SIGMUND STEIN, Sugar
Refinery Manager, both of 323 Vauxhall Road, Liverpool; in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to the manufacture and refining of sugars pro-
duced from sugar cane, beetroot, maple, etcetera, and has mainly and generally
for its object to provide improvements in the treatment of sugar, or sugar bases,
in the course of manufacture and purification or refining, by which the processes
or manufacture or refining are generally expedited, improved, and the operations
more effectively and efficiently performed, and also the quality and quantity of
the products of the process improved; and the invention consists of certain treat-
ments, hereafter described, of the sugar and liquors at different stages of manu-
facture, and of the employment of certain substances or chemicals hereinafter
described. The invention relates to the treatment of raw sugar or liquors, and.
also the refining of sugar or sugar liquors, which treatments will be described
separately.
F
Firstly, then, with regard to the treatment of raw sugar juices, such as the
sugar liquors obtained from sugar cane, beetroot, maple, or other derivative, the
liquor. which comes from the sugar mill or from the diffuser, is first treated with
lime, in the ordinary way, in quantities varying from say to 3 per cent.; and
the solution is saturated with carbonic acid; and the carbonate of lime formed
is filtered out in a filter press in the usual way. The filtrate is, if deemed desirable
or, necessary, again treated with lime, say in quantities from to 1 per cent.,
saturated with carbonic acid, and the carbonate of lime formed filtered out by
passing the liquor through a filter press.
1
According to this invention, the clear liquor which comes away from the filter
press is now treated with per-oxide of hydrogen, in quantities say from 005 to
3 per cent., which is thoroughly and homogeneously intermixed with the liquor
by any suitable means. Then after, this, it is treated with an acid to bring the
whole to a state of acidity, of about from 005 to 4 per cent.; and the substance
employed is phosphoric acid, or other phosphoric compound. In the case of
phosphoric acid being used, it may be employed in quantities of '01 to 3 per cent. ;
and at a temperature of about 120° to 180° Fahr. By this treatment,' the hydrogen
per-oxide destroys the coloring matters in the sugar liquors, and pre-
disposes the liquor to ready and efficient. purification, subsequently,
by acids. The substances and coloring matters destroyed have a basic character,
and the acid used converts the bases into salts, and precipitates them; and the
free organic acid is driven off completely in the subsequent heating or boiling
operations.

page_text: The precipitate which is formed by this treatment and operation is removed
by passing the liquor containing it through a filter press.
If, in case it should be deemed desirable or necessary, the filtrate, resulting
from the above process and treatment, may be saturated with sulphurous acid (SO)
to an acidity of about '05 to 1 per cent.; and the precipitates of sulphide of lime
is removed by passing the liquor through a filter press.
The thin liquor, whether this latter treatment be employed or not, is concen-
trated down in an evaporating apparatus to about 25 to 29 degrees Beaumé. And
after this. if desired, the thick liquor may be filtered and boiled in a vacuum pan,
to crystals.
The mascuite obtained by this process is bright, and of a light color, and it
washed with concentrated sugar solution, with a small quantity of per-oxide of
hydrogen (HO) (which, in some cases, is advantageous) in a centrifugal machine,
the finest bright crystals, suitable for consumption are obtained.
"
Now with regard to the production of refined sugar. In the first place, the raw
sugar to be refined is dissolved, say in a "blow up pan at a temperature of
about 160°, or at the boiling point; and then the liquor is treated as follows:-
The condition of the liquor to be operated upon must be acid, the acidity being
of about '02 per cent.; and if the test (which is always necessary) shews the liquor
to be below this, the degree of acidity is produced by the employment of phos-
phoric acid, or other suitable acid or acid compound. Generally, if the sugar
liquor be from beetroot, it will be alkaline, and therefore requires to be made
acid whilst if it is produced from sugar cane, it will be generally acid, in which
case it is only necessary that the degree of acidity should be brought up to that
named.
The acid sugar liquor at about 27° Beaumé (at a temperature of 180° Fahr.)
is treated with '01 to 1 per cent. of sulphate of alumina, or other suitable aluminous
compound; and subsequently with from '005 to 6 per cent. of tannic acid; then
with '05 to 2 per cent. of phosphoric acid, phosphate of soda, phosphate of
ammonia, or other suitable phosphoric compound. By this treatment, the color-
ing matters of the sugar liquors are partly destroyed.
In some cases, however, in addition to these treatments, where deemed neces-
sarv, the liquors may also be treated with sulphurous acid.
The liquor operated upon thus far, and as above described, is filtered in a filter
press or filter bags, and the precipitate removed. The filtrate resulting is now
treated with per-oxide of hydrogen in quantities of 01 to 1 per cent., which is
thoroughly intermixed with the liquor, and phosphate of soda, phosphate of
ammonia, or other suitable phosphoric compound, from '005 to 2 per cent.
The liquor is now passed through a filter press, and the clear and bright solu-
tion obtained is boiled in a vacuum pan to crystals.
The mascuite is very white and bright, has an agreeable taste on the palate.
and has no odour, and dissolves in water, giving a perfectly clear and bright
solution.
The mascuite is machined in centrifugal machines, and is washed therein with
a concentrated sugar solution; or, if desired, with sugar solution and per-oxide
of hydrogen.
The effect and result of the invention is that perfectly white, clear, and bright
crystals are provided, by the simple and inexpensive method and substances
employed, without the use of any charcoal whatever.
Da
1011
1
0
1 1000
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicants' Patent Agents, 15, Water Street, Liverpool.

page_text: Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture and Refining of
Beet, Cane, and other Sugars.
We, CHARLES JAMES CROSFIELD, J.P., Sugar Refiner, and SIGMUND STEIN, Sugar
Refinery Manager, both of 323 Vauxhall Road, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement;-
This invention has reference to the manufacture and refining of sugars pro-
duced from sugar cane, beetroot, maple, etcetera, and has mainly and generally
for its object to provide improvements in the treatment of sugar, or sugar bases,
in the course of manufacture and purification or refining, by which the processes
of manufacture or refining are generally expedited, improved, and the operations
more effectively and efficiently performed, and also the quality and quantity of
the products of the process improved. And the invention consists of certain treat-
ments, hereafter described, of the sugar and liquors at different stages of manu-
facture, and of the employment of certain substances or chemicals hereinafter
described. The invention relates to the treatment of raw sugar or liquors, and
also the refining of sugar or sugar liquors, which treatments will be described
separately.
Firstly, then, with regard to the treatment of raw sugar juices, such as the
sugar liquors obtained from sugar cane, beetroot, maple, or other, derivative, the
liquor which comes from the sugar mill or from the diffuser, is first treated with
lime, in the ordinary way, in quantities varying from say to 3 per cent.; and
the solution is saturated with carbonic acid; and the carbonate of lime formed
is filtered out in a filter press in the usual way. The filtrate is, if deemed desirable
or necessary, again treated with lime, say in quantities from to 1 per cent.,
saturated with carbonic acid, and the carbonate of lime formed filtered out by
passing the liquor through a filter press.
According to this invention, the clear liquor which comes away from the filter
press is now treated with per-oxide of hydrogen, in quantities say from '005 to
3 per cent., which is thoroughly and homogeneously intermixed with the liquor
by any suitable means. Then after this, it is treated with an acid to bring the
whole to a state of acidity, of about from '005 to 4 per cent.; and the substance
employed is phosphoric acid, or other phosphoric compound. In the case of
phosphoric acid being used, it may be employed in quantities of '01 to 3 per cent.:
and at a temperature of about 120° to 180° Fahr. By this treatment, the hydrogen
per-oxide destroys the colouring matters in the sugar liquors, and pre-
disposes the liquor to ready and efficient purification, subsequently,
by acids. The substances or colouring matters destroyed have a basic character,
and the acid used converts the bases into salts, and precipitates them; and the
free organic acid is driven off completely in the subsequent heating or boiling
operations.
The precipitate which is formed by this treatment and operation is removed
by passing the liquor containing it through a filter press.
If, in case it should be deemed desirable or necessary, the filtrate, resulting
from the above process and treatment, may be saturated with sulphurous acid (SO,)
to an acidity of about '05 to '1 per cent. and the precipitates of sulphide of lime
is removed by passing the liquor through a filter press.
The thin liquor, whether this latter treatment be employed or not, is concen-
trated down in an evaporating apparatus to about 25 to 29 degrees Beaumé. And

page_text: after this, if desired, the thick liquor may be filtered and boiled in a vacuum pan,
to crystals.
The mascuite obtained by this process is bright, and of a light color, and if
washed with concentrated sugar solution, with a small quantity of per-oxide of
hydrogen (H, O) (which, in some cases, is advantageous) in a centrifugal machine,
the finest bright crystals suitable for consumption are .obtained.
Now with regard to the production of refined sugar. In the first place, the raw
sugar to be refined is dissolved, say in a "blow up" pan at a temperature of
about 160°, or at the boiling point; and then the liquor is treated as follows:-
The condition of the liquor to be operated upon must be acid, the acidity being
of about 02 per cent.; and if the test (which is always necessary) shews the liquor
to be below this, the degree of acidity is produced by the employment of phos-
phoric acid, or other suitable acid or acid compound. Generally, if the sugar
liquor be from beetroot, it will be alkaline, and therefore requires to be made
acid; whilst if it is produced from sugar cane, it will be generally acid, in which
case it is only necessary that the degree of acidity should be brought up to that
named.
The acid sugar liquor at about 27° Beaumé (at a temperature of 180° Fahr.)
is treated with '01 to 1 per cent. of sulphate of alumina, or other suitable aluminous
compounds and subsequently with from 005 to 6 per cent. of tannic acid; then
with '05 to 2 per cent. of phosphoric acid, phosphate of soda, phosphate of
ammonia, or other suitable phosphoric compound. By this treatment, the colour-
ing matters of the sugar liquors are partly destroyed.
In some cases, however, in addition to these treatments, where deemed neces-
sarv. the liquor may also be treated with sulphurous acid.
The liquor operated upon thus far. and as above described, is filtered in a filter
press or filter bags, and the precipitate. removed. The filtrate resulting is now
freated with per-oxide of hydrogen in quantities of '01 to 1 per cent., which is
thoroughly intermixed with the liquor, and phosphate of soda, phosphate of
ammonia, or other suitable phosphoric compound, from '005 to 2 per cent.
The liquor is now passed through a filter press, and the clear and bright solu-
tion obtained is boiled in a vacuum pan to crystals.
The mascuite is very white and bright, has an agreeable taste on the palate.
and has no odour, and dissolves in water, giving a perfectly clear and bright
solution.
The mascuite is machined in centrifugal machines, and is washed therein with
a concentrated sugar solution; or, if desired, with sugar solution and per-oxide
of hydrogen.
The effect and result of the invention is that perfectly white, clear, and bright
crystals are provided, by the simple and inexpensive method and substances
employed, without the use of any charcoal whatever.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The herein described improvement connected with the refinement of beet,
cane, and other sugars, consisting in treating raw sugar juices, which have been
first treated with carbonic acid, or are in an acid state, with per-oxide of hydrogen,
and with an acid such as referred to, by which the whole mixture is brought to
an acid state; for the purposes set forth.
2. The herein described improvement connected with the refinement of beet,
cane, and other sugars, consisting of treating the acid juices or liquor with per-
oxide of hydrogen, and with phosphoric acid; for the purposes specified.
3. The herein described improvement connected with the refinement of raw
sugar, consisting in bringing dissolved raw sugar to be refined to an acid state,
by an acid such as referred to, and subsequently treating the acid liquors so,pro-

page_text: duced with per-oxide of hydrogen, and a phosphoric compound; for the purposes
set forth.
4. The herein described improvement connected with the refinement of beet,
cane, and other sugars, consisting in treating dissolved raw sugar to be refined
with phosphoric acid to render it acid, then with an aluminous compound and
with tannic acid or a phosphoric compound, and then the resulting filtrate with
per-oxide of hydrogen and a phosphoric compound; substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
5. The employment in connection with the manufacture of sugar from raw sugar
juices, or the refinement of raw sugar, of per-oxide of hydrogen and a phosphoric
compound; as herein set forth for the purposes specified.
Dated this 12th day of January 1899
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicants' Patent Agents, 15, Water Street, Liverpool.