matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CER- TAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE SAFETY VALVES OF STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS
Year: 1853

page_text: of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
March 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JAMES ALLEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Brass-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "CER-
TAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE SAFETY VALVES OF STEAM BOILERS OR
GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
My improvements are applicable to the ordinary form of safety valves,
such as are regulated by means of a weight or weights, or by a spring,
whether employed in the form now generally called "Salter's Spring
Balance," or of any other construction. In this form of safety valve
the valve is kept closed by means of a lever of the second order, to one
end of which the weight or spring is applied, the fulcrum at the other
end being attached to a link which is fixed to the flanche or cover of
the valve casing. In this form of valve the engineer can, by screwing
down the spring or increasing or moving the weight, increase the
pressure to an unsafe extent. My improvement consists in attaching
the fulcrum of the lever to a rod passing through the flanche or cover of

page_text: the valve casing, such rod being held down by means of a spring or
weight. The resistance of this weight or spring should be rather more
than equal to the ordinary working pressure. This weight or spring
should be entirely enclosed so as not to be readily accessible. Under
ordinary circumstances the valve acts in the usual manner; but if the
resistance of the weight or spring balance should by any means be
increased beyond the desired working pressure, that end of the lever
will then become the fulcrum, and the force of the steam acting upon
the valve will lift the weight or spring at the other end of the lever,
and thus allow the steam to escape. The engineer can at any time
readily ascertain whether the enclosed end of the lever is in working
condition by increasing the pressure upon the outer end of the same, so
as to make that end of the lever become the fulcrum of the said lever.
o
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE METHOD OF DRAINING DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS, AND OPEN AND ENCLOSED SPACES IN CITIES AND TOWNS WHERE SEWERS AND DRAINS ARE NOW OR MAY BE HEREAFTER CONSTRUCTED
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fordham Stanford at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th July 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN FORDHAM STANFORD, of No. 9, Arundel Street, in the Parish
of St. Clement Danes, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE METHOD
OF DRAINING DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS, AND OPEN AND
ENCLOSED SPACES IN CITIES AND TOWNS WHERE SEWERS AND DRAINS ARE
NOW OR MAY BE HEREAFTER CONSTRUCTED" to be as follows, viz. :-
My Invention consists in an apparatus or vessel with pipes thereto,
and a division in the same, and fitted with a floating plug or stopper,
by means whereof water is admitted to pass only one way, and by
connecting such apparatus with common drain pipes sunk in channels
in the ground, and filling such channels with rubble, and connecting
said apparatus with the common drain or sewer, I effect an improved
method of draining dwelling houses and other buildings and places, and
I construct such apparatus of burnt earth or other approved materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN OR TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whiteley Ward at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th January 1853.
1, JOHN WHITELEY WARD, of Halifax, in the County of York, Stuff
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN OR TEXTILE FABRICS"
to be as follows:-
Instead of forming the pattern or figure by the warp, and the ground
by the weft, or vice versa, the ground and figure being made with the
sanie twill, the mode now generally adopted, I propose to make or form
the figure or pattern with the weft, and the ground with the warp; the
figure or pattern to be made with a twill of a larger float than the ground,
which will give the goods the appearance of an embossed surface.
This improved mode of manufacturing fabrics is applicable to goods
dyed either in the yarn or piece.

page_text: I desire it to be distinctly understood that this is merely an outline
description of my Invention, which I will more fully explain in my
Complete Specification.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RAFTING TIMBER AND OTHER GOODS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Powditch Jordeson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th May 1858.
J, THOMAS POWDITCH JORDESON, of Lewisham Road, New Cross, in
the County of Kent, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RAFTING TIMBER
AND OTHER GOODS " to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in putting timber together, and securing it
in such a manner as to form a kind of temporary ship, which may have
sails, rigging, &c. applied to it, and be transported or navigated across
the seas without the necessity of loading and unloading ships for the
conveyance of the said timber. And the said raft may be so constructed
as to leave a vacant space applicable for carrying other goods. The
timber is put together in a manner somewhat similar to that in which
it is ordinarily stowed in a ship's hold, except that there are at intervals
planks or timbers placed crosswise, in order to render the raft more
solid as a structure. In order to increase its buoyancy in the water it
may be desirable to leave a hollow space on each side, in which may
be placed empty water casks or tanks. In constructing the raft it is
necessary to leave out some timber or planks at the top, in the centre

page_text: part of the same, in order that the timber or planks put on last may
form a kind of "bulwark "all round the top of the raft.
The fore part of the raft is formed sharp so as to make it sail better
than it would otherwise, and, if required, a sliding keel of planks may
be formed upon the raft. The after part may be planked over or not,
as preferred, and is formed with a great "overhang," and has an
upright stern post adapted and applied to it, with a rudder, which may
be adjustable in order to improve the steering of the raft, if required.
The timbers and planking thus put together are ultimately secured
by means of strong chains, which may be tightened by powerful screws.
Masts
s may be stepped securely on to the upper timbers or deck of the
raft, and the rigging set up from the aforesaid chains, and secured to
the masts. In the course of constructing the raft upright pieces of
timber are made to stand up from the deck, between which may be
secured temporary erections to contain what is needful for the crew,
and also the few stores that may be required.
It may alse, in some cases, be desirable to carry certain kinds of
goods suitably secured in the spaces that may be unappropriated, as
above mentioned.
In some cases, also, it may be preferred to tow the raft by a steam
tug, and it may be desirable to have a steam boat in attendance.
should several rafts be sailing together, in order to render assistance
in case of difficulty.
CERTAIN IN-- PROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Marie Letestu at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st October 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JEAN MARIE LETESTU, Engineer, of Paris, in the French Empire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IN--
PROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS AND VESSELS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the application of an arrangement
or combination of machinery to ships or vessels, by means of which
each piston used is caused to force water out from the vessel against
the exterior water each time such piston moves, whether it moves in a
direction outward or inwards; for which purpose at each end of the
vessel two cylinders or water passages are fixed below the line of
flotation, such two water cylinders or passages open into each other at
their inner ends. In one of such cylinders or passages a piston works,
and by reason of the two passages being connected at the inner ends
the water will be forced outwards from one of the passages whichever

page_text: way the piston is moved. The vessel is built both ends alike, and so
as to move forward by either of its ends, and a rudder is also used at
each end. In order to give greater effect an air vessel is applied to
each of the cylinders or passages.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF SLATE FOR BUILDING PURPOSES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Richbell at the
.Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th June 1853.
I, THOMAS RICHBELL, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Archi-
tect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF SLATE FOR BUILDING PURPOSES" to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to a peculiar mode of combining slate slabs
and timber or iron in the construction of the shell or walls of buildings,
and particularly applicable for portable dwellings, or any structures
requiring to be readily set up or removed.
And for the better understanding of my said Invention, and car-
rying the same into effect, I shall now proceed to describe the
Drawings hereunto annexed, in which the same letters refer to like
parts throughout.

page_text: Fig. 1, represents a plan of one mode of applying my improvements.
A, is a timber or iron post, rebated on the inside as represented; B, B,
slate; and C, C, wood or other suitable inside framing or pannelling,
with fillets D, D, which may be of wood, iron, or slate to fill up the
rebate to keep the slate and pannelling in their respective places.
Walls thus built present a space E, E, between what may be here
termed the inner and outer walls, which space is particularly serviceable
for all purposes of ventilation.
Fig. 2, a similar plan, but formed with the plain post A, and fillets
D, D, only; and F, slate pilasters, secured to the post and placed on
the outside, abutting against the edges of the slabs B, B.
Fig. 3, a plan varied by the post A, being rebated on cach side to
receive the slate slabs and inner lining, with F, the slate pilaster, as
in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4, another plan, showing a plain post A, the outer slate slabs B,
and the inner wood or other lining C, fastened thereto, and the pilaster
F, as before, but fastened through the slate slabs.
I would here observe, that although I have described only four
modes of arranging and putting together the posts, slate slabs, and
inner lining, these may be varied without affecting the principle of my
Invention in my arrangement of slate slabs; and I do not restrict
myself to any particular dimensions of the several parts or the materials,
the slate only excepted, or construction of the interior lining; neither
do I claim any of the parts separately; but what I do claim as my
Invention is,-
The peculiar mode of attaching slabs of slate and the interior linings
to construct buildings, as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Lipscombe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd May 1853.
I, FREDERICK LIPSCOMBE, of 233, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Water Filter Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS" to be as
follows:-
Instead of causing the steam power of a marine engine to give
motion to a paddle wheel or screw in order to propel a vessel, as is
commonly done, I propel a vessel by causing the power of a marine
engine to be expended in ejecting water from the interior of the ship
into the water exterior to it.
A cylinder, one or more, having two pipes of different sizes in the
bore connected with each end of the cylinder, the pipes communicating
with the water exterior to the vessel, is placed in connection with any
marine engine; in the cylinder is a piston, which has an alternate motion
given to it by the marine engine; the effect of this alternate movement

page_text: of the piston is the ejection of the water alternately from each end of
the cylinder through the smallest of the two pipes into the water exterior
to the vessel, and so propelling the vessel.
When the water is being expelled from one pipe at one end of the
cylinder, the water exterior to the vessel rushes through both pipes at
the other end, and fills it.
A valve or valves are placed in cach of the two largest pipes, one of
these pipes being situated at each end of the cylinder; the valves admit
the exterior water into the cylinder, but prevent the water from the
cylinder being expelled through those pipes. My object in this arrange-
ment is to give the inlet water a larger waterway than the waterway
for the outlet water, for upon this depends the efficiency of propelling
vessels by the ejection of water.
The outlet pipe at each end of the cylinder partly fits into a case, and
may be raised, lowered, or turned, so as to guide the expelled water in
any direction, so as to propel the vessel in any required direction.
There may be any number of pipes connected with each end of the
cylinder, but I prefer only two, as before described.
What I claim as my Invention are.-
1st, the propulsion of a vessel by the ejection of water from its
interior, the waterway for the outlet water being less than the waterway
for the inlet water.
2nd, the application of one or more outlet and inlet pipes at each end
of the water cylinder.
3rd, the raising, lowering, and turning in any direction the outlet
.pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION AND MODE OF CLOSING SCENT AND OTHER BOTTLES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Robert Mellish
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th February, 1853.
I, THOMAS ROBERT MELLISH, of Sloane Street, Chelsea, in the
County of Middlesex, Glass Cutter and Mounter, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION AND MODE OF CLOSING SCENT AND OTHER BOTTLES" to consist,-
Firstly, in constructing scent bottles of glass with large mouths,
for the convenience of filling; and closing the same with a hollow
stopper open at the lower end, and perforated on the upper surface
for smelling to; the escape of scent when not required being pre-
vented by a flat glass plate mounted in a suitable cap or cover. In
order to strengthen the bottle, I case or coat it with papier machee,
which may be ornamented in the usual manner. In constructing
one class of scent bottles (vinaigrettes), I make thein with one flat
perforated side, thereby obtaining a large snelling surface, closed
when out of use by a flat glass plate, mounted in a suitable cap or
An opening for filling is provided at the opposite side or end
of the bottle closed by a stopper, formed by placing two or more
rings or discs of glass and indian rubber or cork alternately upon

page_text: a central pin or axis. The discs of glass are made a trifle smaller
than the neck of the bottle, so that the indian rubber or cork alone
takes a bearing and forms a joint, without any risk of sticking fast
in the neck.
Secondly, in the application of springs to the stoppers of scent
and other bottles, so as that the springs shall maintain the stop-
pers in an open or closed position, and prevent their being detached
from the bottle.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN ROLLING PLATES AND BARS OF IRON AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Nasmyth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th July 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JAMES NASMYTH, of Patricroft, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN ROLLING PLATES AND BARS OF IRON AND OTHER METALS'
to be as follows:-
In rolling or extending large and heavy plates and bars of iron and
other metals much time, labour, and heat is lost in consequence of the
rolls revolving in one direction only, it being necessary in that case to
transfer the work each time it is passed through between the rolls from
the back of the rolls to their front or entering side. In order to
remove this serious disadvantage I so construct and arrange the steam
engines by which such rolls are driven that I can at pleasure, and at
any instant, reverse the motion of such steam engines through the
agency of their valves alone, and consequently reverse the motion of
the rolls so that the work may be passed through such rolls from either

page_text: side indifferently, and by so doing I thus avoid all the sacrifice of time,
labour, and heat, which is consequent on the employment of rolls travel-
ling in one direction only, and thus I am enabled to roll the plate or
bar backwards and forwards through the rolls as long as is necessary
for its required extension.
AN IMPROVED PROPELLER AND METHOD OF DRIVING THE SAME
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lanphir Anderson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd August 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM LANPHIR ANDERSON, of Norwood, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PROPELLER AND METHOD OF DRIVING THE SAME" to be
as follows:-
The propeller consists of a paddle mounted on a shaft on which is a
ball which works through a socket in the ship's side. Through the ball
and paddle shaft a slot is cut, into which a pin passed through the rims
of the socket enters, and thus preserves the ball and shaft in a vertical
or other desired position. The paddle blade of the propeller is fixed into
a socket which is continued ontward from the ball or is attached as
one piece to the shaft. The action of the propeller is very similar to
that of au oar in rowing, without, however, turning horizontally or
feathering, an operation not necessary, as the blade on the completion
of its stroke rises vertically out of the water, and enters it again verti-

page_text: cally in order to perform a fresh stroke. In order to drive the propeller
the inner end of the shaft is provided with a socket, into which a ball
works, connected by a short arm to a lever projected from a wheel
mounted in a frame and revolving on friction rollers. On the inside of
the frame is another wheel secured by any convenient means to the
outer ring, also revolving on the friction rollers. An arm projects
inwards from the inner wheel to which the driving power is applied.
Instead of the propeller shaft being provided with a socket at its inner
end it might terminate in a boss or ball, and then the lever on the
onter wheel would be made with a socket to receive it. -
Iк- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SAWING STONE AND MARBLE
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th June 1858.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of the firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in. the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iк-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SAWING STONE AND MARBLE," communi-
cated to me by a foreigner residing abroad, to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in giving the feed lift to the saw frame at or
sufficiently near the centre of the reciprocating motion or stroke, or at
equi-distant points from the centre, for the purpose of effecting the
freer percolation or introduction of sand or other gritty materials and
water; also in repeating the feed lift of the saw blades by means of two
or more double inclined planes or projections, or their equivalents, at
each stroke; also in interposing india-rubber or other elastic medium
between the iron ways and the double inclined planes or projections

page_text: which lift the saw frame to absorb or reduce the effects of the con-
cussion; also in giving a proportionate feed by means of adjustable
friction palls in connection with an adjustable excentric; and also in
guiding the saw frame by means of excentric pins for the purpose of
preventing lateral motion in the same without injuring the guide posts.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CANDLES, AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING THEREOF
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Whele at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st February 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within.
the time prescribed by the Act.)
I, EDWIN WHELE, of Shiffnal, in the County of Salop, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CANDLES, AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING THEREOF,"
to be as follows, viz. :-
My Invention consists in obtaining more perfect combustion and
economy of light in candles, and in making them cheaply, and in
such manner as not to require snuffing, and of a better polish.
The apparatus or machinery for making candles consists of pipes
or moulds of glass, pitcher ware, china, or stone, though pewter,
brass, or other materials may be used. These pipes or moulds
may be enclosed in a case, constructed partially or wholly of glass,
or other analgous substance, into or through which cold water
passes for cooling the candles, arrangements being made for
drawing or forcing the candles out of the moulds on a continuous
wick. This may be effected by attaching the wicks to a revolving
board placed above the candles, worked by a windlass or by hand.

page_text: The moulds or pipes in which the candles are made may be of
various shapes, so as to produce flat or oblong, candles, or candles
of different shapes to what are now used. And such candles may
have the wick of each candle placed on one side thereof, or wicks
placed at intervals, or a cylindrical wick, spiral wick, or two or
more wicks placed together, and not wound round or entwined
with each other, or with a portion of wick or wicks. And such
candles being used in Whele's patent candle lamps or other
suitable burners, will afford more perfect combustion and
economy
of light. The candle moulds may be made of equal dimensions, so
as to form candles of equal dimensions from the bottom to the top,
by which means I purpose to obtain uniformity of light and con-
sumption, and the means of measuring time, as in Whele's patent
candle lamp clock.
Candles of the various forms and descriptions before mentioned
may be made by dipping, instead of moulding, by arranging the
wicks upon, the rods in the order required in the candles, which
will be best effected by the use of a flat rod, instead of the present
round one, and by placing two or more wicks together before or
after the first dip, so as to forin one candle; and the operation of
making the candle may be facilitated by the use of a perpendicular
wheel or machine, similar to Whele's patent candle dipping machine,
or other suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN YARDS AND SPARS OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Rylands, of the Borough of Kingston-
upon-Hull, Shipowner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
YARDS AND SPARS OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS."
Sealed the 27th May 1853, and dated the 31st March 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Rylands at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st March 1853.
I, JOSEPH RYLANDS, of the Borough of Kingston-upon-Hull, Ship-
owner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN YARDS AND SPARS OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS" to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in building up pieces
into a yard or spar, and consists of dividing a stick of timber (which is
shorter than the desired yard or spar) longitudinally, and causing the

page_text: two thick ends to be overlapped and dowelled and hooped together.
The two outer ends being made up by scarfing pieces by dowells and
hoops. By this mode of construction, yards and spars will be of more
uniform strength, and be made from less costly timber, than heretofore.
AN IMPROVED FASTENER FOR FLOWERS AND SHRUBS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lee Stevens at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th May 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN LEE STEVENS, of No. 63, King William Street, in the
City of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FASTENER FOR FLOWERS AND SHRUBS"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a band of elastic or non-elastic material,
the ends whereof have a hook and eye respectively attached thereto
for the purpose of connecting such parts together, with the further pro-
vision of eyelets or holes in the material itself, into which the hook may
be inserted when it is desirable to shorten the compass of the band; and
the object of this Invention is to afford a simple, easy, and effective
support or fastening for flowers, shrubs, and other productions of a
vegetable nature as a substitute for bass, twine, or other means hitherto

page_text: employed for that purpose. And the object of this Invention is more
particularly to afford facility for attaching or detaching it, and for
increasing or decreasing the extent of its application to any required
length, of whatever material it may be made; an elastic material, how-
ever, being more desirable when applied to flowers or plants of delicate 5
structure, or to give room for their growth by the requisite expansion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING MILLS FOR FARM AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Rush Turner at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th September 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, EDWARD RUSH TURNER, of the firm of E. R. Turner & Co., of
St. Peter's Foundry, Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GRINDING MILLS FOR FARM AND OTHER PURPOSES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of grinding sur-
faces, and to the means of conveying the substance to be ground to
such surfaces. It consists in the employment of flat or conical plates
of white cast iron or other hard metallic substance. These plates are
of a disc form, the face surfaces of each being either flat or otherwise,
as required. They are contained in a cylindrical box supported by a
frame in which a vertical spindle passes and carries the lower plate, this
spindle being actuated by suitable gearing. The lid of the box carries a
hopper for the reception of the substance or material to be ground, and
a feed roller and slide are fitted to the bottom of the hopper to regulate

page_text: the supply. The teeth or grinding portions of the plates are cast
on them, and radiate tangentially from a small circle in the centre of
the plate to the periphery. The upper grinding plate is fixed to the
lid of the cylindrical box by screwed studs, which allow also for adjust-
ing the height of the plate which rests at these studs upon vulcanized
india-rubber or other elastic washers. Similar washers are also placed
on the face side of the grinding plate between the plate and the stud
rest. The centre of the plate rests by a spherical convex ring on a
corresponding concave ring in the box lid, forming thereby a a ball and
socket joint; thus the plate is made self-adjusting to any irregularity
of pressure beneath it. The lower and revolving plate has cast within
wrought iron eye, which rests upon a shoulder on the vertical
spindle to which it is secured. The adjusting of the plates nearer or
farther from each other is effected by a sliding beam, which carries
the upright spindle, and is. actuated by a screw and wedge. The
above arrangement or construction of plates may be employed also in
a vertical mill as well as a horizontal one.
AST HARDING STRE NEAR FLEET STREET
Year: 1853

page_text: LONDON:
PRINTED BY GEORGE E. EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,
PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY:
PUBLISHED AT THE QUEEN'S PRINTING OFFICE, EAST HARDING STRE
NEAR FLEET STREET.

page_text: June 1853.
atents,
rcution, on the 30th
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOSEPH WEBB, of Mayfield Terrace, Dalston, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER" to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the use and application of gas, in combi-
nation with clectricity, for the purpose of exploding said gas within the
cylinder of a steam engine, and thereby to create an elastic force or
power to he used as a motive power in lieu of steam, or any other
power hitherto employed and in known and common use for such
purpose. That is to say, in applying this Invention to a rotary engine,
for example, the axis of the piston is formed hollow, as also the main
driving shaft, and within such hollow parts I place a pipe or pipes,
one end of which is in connexion with a reservoir of gas, and for the
admission of atmospheric air, and the other end terminates in the
middle of cach piston, in which an opening is formed for establishing a

page_text: communication between the inside of the cylinder and the inside of the
axis of the piston, in which there is also placed a wire of wires, which
are in connexion with a battery, for the purpose of passing a spark
along one or other of said wires for exploding the gas when it arrives
at the opening which communicates with the inside of the cylinder
and there is provided certain mechanism for alternately opening and
closing one of such said openings, according to the direction in which
it is required to move the piston, and for the purpose of reversing the
direction of such motion. Thus it will be seen that by admitting and
exploding gas the power thus generated will give an impulsive force to
that piston to which it is exposed, and by a continued succession of
these impulses rotary motion will be imparted to said pistons, and parts
in connection therewith;-and-this-Invention applies also to reciproca-
ting engines generally, and all other machines hitherto worked by an
elastic force or power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1853

page_text: I, JAMES MCCONNELL, of Hazeldean, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Bleacher, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF
SMOKE" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the so arranging furnaces and fire-places
and their flues that the smoke may be entirely or nearly consumed,
whilst the fuel is greatly economised. This is accomplished by passing
a gas pipe into some part of the flues in such way that a steady gas
flame may be kept up at the required point, and as the unconsumed
gases come forward on their route to the chimney they are consumed
by passed through the flame. This flame or burning power may be
kept up either by a gas pipe or in any other convenient way; the

page_text: special object being the obtainment of a powerful flame or heating
medium through which to pass the gases; and as they are consumed the
flame passes round the flucs, and the heat derived therefrom is therefore
economically applied to any required purpose.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF INKSTAND.
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Alexander Halkett, of Richmond Hill,
in the County of Surrey, Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF INKSTAND.
Sealed the 16th March 1858, and dated the 15th January 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Alexander
Halkett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 15th January 1858.
I, PETER ALEXANDER HALKETT, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF INKSTAND" to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to preserve writing fluids when con-
tained in inkstands in their normal state. This I effect by stoppering
instands in such a manner that while the evaporation of the fluid will
be prevented the constant inconvenience experienced with stoppered
inkstands, arising from the adherence of the stopper to the neck of the
iuk vessel (owing to the glutinous accumulations within the neck), will
be avoided. To this end I fit a cap upon the neck of the inkstand

page_text: after the manner of the cap of spirit lamps, and make the mouth of
the inkstand of the form of a hollow inverted truncated cone, whereby
the pen is guided to the ink. Within this cone I fit, if thought de-
sirable (as will be the case when the inkstand is to be moved from place
to place), a stopper which will retain the ink in its reservoir. When,
however, the inkstand is placed for use the stopper is to be removed.
It will now be understood-that-as-the-pen -in-its-ascent and-descent from
and to the reservoir will not touch the surface that is to receive the
cap, no glutinous matter will collect thereon, and as the cap will prevent
evaporation the sticking of the stopper to the neck will be avoided.
THE IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF GREASES AND OILS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bradburn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th June 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM BRADBURN, of Shiffnal, in the County of Salop, Farmer,
and Dealer in Artificial Manures, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "THE IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF GREASES AND OILS"
to be as follows, viz.:-
This Invention refers principally to the manufacture of greases or
oils used for antifriction purposes, and consists in using in the manufac-
ture of greases or oils the gelatine or broth made from the flesh, bones,
sinews, hoofs, &c. of animals, after the usual oil or grease at present
produced by the trade therefrom has been extracted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING SINGLE AND DOUBLE FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
October 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, RICHARD GILL, of Culcheth, near Leigh, in the County of Lan-
caster, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING SINGLE AND DOUBLE FABRICS" to be
as follows:-.
My improvements are chiefly applicable to weaving double contelle or
other fabrics, in which it is desirable to produce an even surface free
from lint or loose fibre.
In order to effect this I cause the reed to strike twice against the
cloth for each shoot of weft. The shed of the upper cloth having been
opened in the ordinary manner, the weft is shot across and the reed
beats up the weft in the open shed; the shed is then closed, and after
the crank has passed the centre another shed is opened for the back
cloth, the reed then binds the weft in the crossed shed of the back
cloth, and another shoot of weft is thrown across in the same shed. The
shed is again closed, and in opening crosses the weft previously put in

page_text: the
open shed of the top cloth, which is beaten up by the next blow of
the reed; another shoot of weft is then put in the same shed, and the
operations are repeated as before. By this means a fabric is produced
which is stronger than that woven in the ordinary manner, and the
upper and under surfaces are free from lint or loose fibre. In weaving
single fabrics the weft is put in the open shed, and struck up by the
reed, then the shed is crossed and another blow-given by the reed;
another shoot of weft is then put in the same shed and struck up as
before.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF COMMUNICATING SIGNALS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cashmore at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1853.
I, JOHN CASHMORE, of Bevis Marks, in the City of London, Watch-
maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MODE OF COMMUNICATING SIGNALS ON RAILWAYS" to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is instantaneously to provide one or
more visible signals upon a line of railway, at suitable distances from
any point thereof, where an accident may have happened, or where the
line is blocked, for the purpose of warning the engine driver of an
approaching train that caution is required. To effect this object I
propose to supply the railway from end to end with a gas main, and at
proper intervals of distance to erect gas burners as signals, which by
means of gas branches connected with the main may receive a copious
supply of gas when a signal is required to be made; but at other times
will burn with a constant feeble flame. The gas branches may severally

page_text: connect with two or more burners along the line, and being commanded
near each burner by a cock which regulates the supply from the main,
the guard of a disabled train may, by turning on a cock near one
lamp, increase the supply of gas to all the lamps connected with that
branch pipe, and convey the signal along the line in either direction to
a distance equal to the extent of the branch, and so enable the driver
of an approaching engine to ascertain the existence of danger long
before he reaches the spot where the accident has occurred. In place
of a continuously burning jet of gas, an oil or other lamp may be
employed for lighting the gas when turned up to produce a signal; or
other means of a self-acting nature might, if desired, be employed for
igniting the gas. The burners may be carried by the telegraph posts,
or otherwise, as thought most desirable, and -any suitable arrangement
of colored glasses or disposition of burners might be used in conjunction
with my Invention for facilitating the carrying out of the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
November 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN BROWN, of Darlington, in the County of Durham, Mining
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS " to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of coke ovens,
and consists in effectually dividing the ovens by a cross pillar of brick-
work, masonry, or other suitable material, thereby effecting a twofold
purpose, not hitherto secured, namely, first, the obtainment of a
series of sustaining pillars for roadways over the tops of ovens, having
independent and permanent foundations either on the ground or placed
upon or near the general floor; and, secondly, thereby giving great
facility for the conduct of repairs, without injury either to such road-
ways or to the adjoining ovens.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS
Year: 1853

page_text: Garforth at the Office of the Commissioners of Fatents,
their Petition, on the 5th August 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, WILLIAM GARFORTH and JAMES GARFORTI, of Dukinfield, in
the County of Chester, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
MANUFACTURING BRICKS" to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to machinery or apparatus for manufacturing
solid bricks by pressing or forcing clay through fixed dies or into
moulds of suitable form. This process has hitherto been almost
invariably performed by means of toothed gearing, which means have
proved inefficient, inasmuch as the great resistance, owing to the ex-
treme hardness and tenacity of the clay, caused the frequent breaking
of the teeth and other parts of such machinery. By our improved
arrangement of apparatus we make use of the direct action of steam
upon a piston to give the requisite pressure, thereby dispensing with a
great amount of expensive machinery, and obviating the liability of the
apparatus to become broken or get out. of working order. We employ

page_text: a steam cylinder, piston, and piston rod similar to those of an ordinary
steam engine, the cylinder being provided with ports or passages for
the ingress and egress of the steam, and also with a slide or other valve,
which may be worked by hand or by self-acting means. To the reverse
end of the piston rod a second piston is attached, which works in a
second cylinder in which the clay is placed, and at the other end of
which are fixed the dies or moulds though or into which the clay to
form the bricks is to be pressed. As the steam in the first cylinder
forces the piston forwards the piston rod also forces the other piston in
the second cylinder forwards, thus pressing the clay through the dies or
into the moulds and forming the bricks. The bricks may be detached
(as they are formed) either by wires moved by hand or by any suitable
self-acting means.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Elce, of the City of Manchester,
Machine Maker, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING."
Sealed the 22nd February 1854, and dated the 30th November 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Elco at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
30th November 1853.
I, JOHN ELCE, of the City of Manchester, Machine Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING" to be as follows:---
My Improvements in machinery for spinning are particularly appli-
cable to Roberts' self-acting mills, and consist of a new combination of
parts for regulating the winding-on motion from the bare spindle till

page_text: the bottom of the cop is formed. To the under faller shaft is fixed a
lever with a stud and bowl, which bears upon a swivel rail supported
in bearings attached to the head stock; the swivel rail is provided with
a counter weight, by which it is held in contact with the lever; on the
under faller shaft to the swivel rail is also fixed a lever, acting on a
sliding catch box fitting. on a shaft, on which is a loose wheel driven
from the quadrant shaft or other convenient part of the mule. When
the tension of the yarn is too great the swivel rail is depressed, and the
lever attached to it moves the catch box into gear with catches on
the loose wheel; by this means motion is given to the shaft on which
they are mounted and to a bevil pinion fixed to the same shaft, which
gears into another bevil pinion fixed to the end of the screw in the
radial arm, the screw nut to which the winding-on chain is attached is
thereby moved from the fulcrum of the radial arm, and the requisite
variations produced in the letting off of the winding-on chain to form
the bottom of the cops.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF RENDERING SEA WATER FIT FOR DRINKING AND ALL OTHER PURPOSES WHERE FRESH WATER IS ORDINARILY USED
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Peynaud D'Azene, of No. 35, Essex
Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF RENDERING SEA
WATER FIT FOR DRINKING AND ALL OTHER PURPOSES WHERE FRESH
WATER IS ORDINARILY USED."
Sealed the 13th January 1854, and dated the 18th October 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Peynaud
D'Azene at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th October 1853.
I, CHARLES PEYNAUD D'AZENE, of No. 35, Essex Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF RENDERING
SEA WATER PIT FOR DEINKING AND ALL OTHER PURPOSES WHERE FRESH.
WATER IS ORDINARILY USED " to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of a filtration of the sea water through a
filter prepared for its reception by the use of a chemical mixture. The

page_text: mixture I use is composed of animal charcoal, tallow, lime, sulphate
of iron, sulphuric acid, and fresh water, which are mixed together
in the following proportions:
Animal charcoal
Tallow
Lime
Sulphate of iron
Sulphuric acid
3 parts.
3 parts.
8 parts.
4 parts.
.3 parts.
14
16 parts..
Fresh water -.
The filter I use for the purpose is composed of two inner stones, so
as to secure a double filtration, but the ordinary filter may be used.
Before commencing the filtration of the sea water I wet the inside
of the upper compartment of the filter by means of a brush or any other
article with the mixture as above prepared, and I then steep the sponges
of the filter in the same mixture until they have imbibed all they will
take up, after which I place them in their proper places in the filter,
whereupon it is ready for use. The sea water is then put into the filter,
and passes through in the ordinary way.
When the water has filtered through the sponges, and arrives. into
the lower portion or reservoir from whence it is drawn, the, water.
will be found quite sweet and fresh, ready for drinking or any other
purpose.
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