IMPROVEMENTS IN SPANNERS, APPLICABLE FOR NUTS, BOLT HEADS, BRACES AND LIKE DEVICES."
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Brown of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPANNERS, APPLICABLE FOR NUTS,
BOLT HEADS, BRACES AND LIKE DEVICES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1882.
JAMES BROWN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster
SPANNERS, APPLICABLE FOR NUTS, BOLT HEADS, BRACES AND LIKE DEVICES
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
"
My Invention relates to a novel construction of spanners for nuts, bolt heads,
braces and like devices or articles, and has for its object to so construct spanners
that they will grip the nut, bolt head, or like device and at the same time are
capable of being turned on such nut bolt head, or like device, so as to recover their
original position after tightening, or turning such nut, bolt head, or like device, or
in other words so that their action may be a continuous reciprocating radial
movement, imparting an intermittent rotary movement to the nut, bolt bead, or
like device without removing the jaws of the spanner from the nut, bolt head, or
like device, and as necessitated by spanners of ordinary construction.
Examples of my Invention are represented in the accompanying Drawings, in
which
Figure 1 shows an example of my Invention as constructed for a square nut, or
bolt head, and
Figure 2 shows an example of my Invention as constructed for a hexagon nut,
or bolt head.
My Invention consists in forming the head A of the spanner with its jaws of
unequal length, namely the jaw B which I will term the gripping jaw is made
shorter than the jaw C, which I term the supporting jaw. The jaw B has by
preference a serrated edge where it grips the nut, or other device, and the jaw C
has a plain edge at its outer end, where it bears against the nut, or other device.
When applied to square nuts, the jaw C of the spanner is concaved as shown at
Figure 1, which concave part developes into a concave in the bottom of the jaw and

page_text: into a rounded projection D as shown at Figure 1. By constructing the spanner
with this configuration, it will slip, or turn on the nut E, when moved in the
direction of the arrow a without removal from the nut and without moving the
nut, and it will grip and turn the nut when moved in the direction of the arrow b.
When applied to a hexagon nut, the jaws of the spanner have the configuration as
shown at Figure 2, namely the bottom of the jaws is cut to receive the two sides
of the nut E as shown in the Drawing. In like manner to the device shown at
Figure 1, the spanner shown at Figure 2 will slip on the nut E when moved in the
direction of the arrow a and will grip the nut E when moved in the direction of
the arrow b.
Where in screwing nuts, it is necessary that the spanner should take a horizontal
position, a small lip, or projection is provided on the flat of the spanner so as to
bear on the upper, or under side of the nut.
In the application of my Invention as a brace, the spanner takes onto a square,
or hexagon journal between two collars, the journal being prolonged to form the
tool holder, a suitable feeding device as common to ordinary braces being provided.
The spanner may be provided with a spring loop extending from jaw to jaw to
retain it in its place. In like manner the spanner is applicable to work a "punching
bear"

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th February 1883.
JAMES BROWN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SPANNERS, APPLICABLE FOR NUTS, BOLT HEADS, BRACES AND LIKE DEVICES
-
"
My Invention relates to a novel construction of spanners which may be used for
nuts, bolt heads, braces and like devices, or articles, and has for its object, to so
construct spanners that they will grip the nut, bolt head, or like device and at the
same time are capable of being turned on such nut, bolt head, or like device, so as
to recover their original position after tightening, or turning such nut, bolt head,
or like device or in other words so that their action may be a continuous recipro-
cating radial movement, imparting an intermittent rotary movement to the nut,
bolt head, or like device without removing the jaws of the spanner from the nut,
bolt head, or like device as necessitated by spanners of ordinary construction.
The following is a description of my Invention in such full, clear, precise and
exact terms as to enable any one skilled in the art to which it appertains, or with
which it is most nearly connected to make and use the same reference being had
to the accompanying Drawings making part of this Specification and to the letters
and ficures of reference marked thereon.

page_text: When applied to a hexagon nut, the jaws of the spanner have the configuration
as shown at Figure 2, namely the bottom of the jaws is cut to receive the two sides
of the nut E as shown in the Drawings, the jaws B and C being of similar con-
struction to those illustrated at Figure 1. In like manner to the spanner shown at
Figure 1, the spanner shown at Figure 2 will slip on the nut E when moved in the
direction of the arrow a and will grip the nut E when moved in the direction of
the arrow b.
Where in screwing nuts it is necessary that the spanner should take a horizontal
position, I provide the lip, or projection F on the flat of the spanner.
This lip, or
projection F may be provided on both sides of the spanner and arranged with a
pin, or catch which holds it away from the spanner jaw when not in use as shown
at Figures 3 and 4. The utility of the two lips F being provided, is to enable the
spanner to be used with the lip on the top of the nut or other device both in
unscrewing and screwing, as will be understood.
In the application of my Invention to a brace or drill stock the spanner takes
onto a square, or hexagon journal (as illustrated by Figures 5 and 6) between two
collars, the journal being prolonged to form the tool holder, a suitable feeding
device as common to ordinary braces or drill holders being provided. The spanner
is provided with a spring loop H extending from jaw to jaw. This spring loop H
retains the spanner in position and at the same time allows the reciprocating radial
movement of the spanner..
In like manner to its application for working a brace or drill stock the spanner
is equally applicable to work a punching bear.
Having now described my Invention and shown how the same may be put into
practical use, what I claim as the, Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in
part recited Letters Patent is
First Constructing spanners so that they are capable of having imparted to
them reciprocating radial movement without removal from the nut, or like device
which they span by forming the gripping jaw so as to bear about the inner side of
the nut, or like device substantially as herein set forth.
Second The construction of spanner as herein described and shown at Figure 1
of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Third The construction of spanner as herein described and shown at Figure 2 of
the Drawings hereto annexed.
Fourth The construction of spanner with the lips F as herein described and
shown at Figures 3 and 4 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Fifth The construction of brace or drill stock consisting of the spanner as herein
described in combination with a polysided journal and a retaining spring, sub-
stantially as set forth and shown at Figures 5 and 6 of the Drawings hereto
annexed.
In Witness whereof, I, the said James Brown have hereunto set my band
and seal this thirteenth day of February in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
JAMES (L.S.) BROWN