AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHIPS' WINDLASSES.
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Durand Gardissal, of 10, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, Patent Agent, and of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris
France, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHIPS' WINDLASSES.".
A communication.
Sealed the 19th August 1856, and dated the 14th March 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Durand Gardissal
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th March 1856.
I, CHARLES DURAND GARDISSAL, of 10, Bedford Street, Strand, London,
Patent Agent, and of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHIPS'
WINDLASSES," to be as follows:-
This improvement consists in a certain arrangement of a shaft, with double
gearing and clutch couplings, in relation to two barrels of a windlass and their
gearing, whereby one or both barrels may be moved with a quick and the other
with a slow inotion at the same time.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Durand Gardissal in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th September 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
DURAND GARDISSAL, of No. 10, Bedford Street, Strand, London, Patent Agent,
and of No. 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Charles Durand Gardissal, Her special licence, that I, the said Charles Durand
Gardissal, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Charles Durand Gardissal, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN SHIPS' WINDLASSES," a communication, upon. the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Charles Durand Gardissal, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Durand Gardissal, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the letters & figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This improvement consists in a certain arrangement of a shaft, with double
gearing and clutch couplings, in relation to two barrels of a windlass and their
gearing, whereby one or both barrels may be moved with a quick or slow
motion, or the one may be moved with a quick and the other with a slow
motion at the same time.
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, in which Fig. 1
represents a front elevation of a windlass, with the improvement arranged
between the decks of a vessel; Fig. 2 gives a transverse vertical section of

page_text: the same; Fig. 3 is a partial section exhibiting the pawl; Figs. 4 and 5 will
be herein-after explained.
spur
On
A, A', Fig. 1, represent the two barrels of the windlass, which are fitted
separately to rotate upon a stationary shaft B, which shaft is supported by
three or more bearers b, b, attached to the bits, V, V. Each barrel has secured.
to it at one end a spur wheel C or C, and at the other a spur wheel D or
D', said wheels being of different sizes. E is a horizontal shaft, which may
be placed either above, as shown in the Drawings, or by the side of the
barrels. This shaft, which may be considered as the driving shaft of the
windlass, is fitted to rotate freely in suitable bearings secured to the bits,
the moving power being applied either by cranks attached directly to its
square ends, or by bevel gearing, as indicated in red outline in Fig. 1, the
latter being proposed for heavy ships, and for the purpose of working the
windlass overhead or from the upper deck by a capstan or otherwise.
the driving shaft E are two spur wheels F, F', gearing with the wheels
D, D', of the barrels A, A', and also two pinions G, G', gearing with the spur
wheels C, C, of the barrels. These spur wheels and pinions F, F¹, and
G, G', fit loosely on the shaft E,and are independent of each other. Between
each spur wheel For F, and its corresponding pinion Gor G', a loose sleeve
Hor H (which forms a small barrel of itself for light work) is fitted to the
shaft E with feather and groove, to revolve constantly with the shaft, but to
be capable of sliding longitudinally thereon. The sleeves H, H', terminate in
clutches, and the wheels F, F1, and pinious G, G', are furnished with similar
devices, so that either wheel or pinion may be made to revolve with the shaft,
by sliding its respective sleeve into gear with it, in illustration of which the
sleeve H, at the left-hand end of Fig. 1, may be seen in gear with the pinion
G, which is thus connected with the shaft E, so as to revolve with it when
power is applied, and to give motion throngh the large wheel C to the
barrel A, at the rate of speed and with a power in proportion to the difference
of circumference of the wheel C and pinion G, whilst the wheel F, gearing
with the smaller wheel D of the barrel, may revolve freely on the shaft E, not
being at the time in gear with the sleeve H. Now, by shifting the sleeve H
to the left, the pinion G may be set free, and the wheel F geared with the
barrel to drive it at a rate of speed proportionate to the circumferences of
the wheels F and D; thus, with the same motion of the shaft E, causing the
barrel A to rotate with a greater speed, but with a motive power of less value.
While the operations of the barrel A are thus going on, the barrel A' may be
allowed to remain stationary by simply keeping the sleeve H and its clutches
out of gear, as shown in Fig. 1. The gearing and ungearing of the sleeves

page_text: H, H', is effected by clutch levers I, I¹. By the above mode applying and
gearing the shaft E, the fullest convenience is afforded for the raising and
lowering of two anchors, one or both of them at a time, at different velocities,
and with the exertion of more or less power; or the action of one barrel may
be suspended entirely while the other barrel is in operation, getting rid of the
friction and resistance that would be consequent upon the operation of the
other barrel and its gearing.
In Fig. 3 a part of one of the spur wheels C, C', is represented exhibiting
one of the annular grooves or recesses, which are provided on the sides of the
said wheels for the attachment of the pawl, which acts to press against the
surface of the wheel, when the wheel turns or has a tendency to turn in one
direction, but to disengage itself when the wheel turns the other way, acting
thus as a pawl in raising a weight or hauling and serving as a friction brake.
in lowering. This pawl is composed of a box K, K, a dog M, and a lever N.
The box K, K, is formed in two halves, with a segmental projection entering
the grooves S, S, in the wheel and fitting easily, so as to allow the wheel to
pass in either direction. The dog M is a piece of iron placed within the box
and reaching over the surface of two, three, or more teeth of the spur wheel,
being kept in place laterally by the sides of the box K, and held up by the
end of the shorter arm of the lever N, which works on a pin a, passing
through the box. The extremity of the longer arm of the lever is intended
to be supported when the windlass is employed in hoisting or hauling, either
by resting on a fixed resting place, or by a rod, represented by the blue line T
in Figs 2 and 3, and it allows the wheel C to rotate in the direction of the
arrow marked upon it in the latter Figure, but prevents it moving back in
the opposite direction, as any tendency to move back causes the point of the
short arm of the lever to drive the dog M against the outer face of the teeth,
and draw the segments of the box K against the outer side of the annular
groove S, and thus produce sufficient friction to hold the wheel, and the
greater the weight or force acting to draw back the wheel the greater is
the friction and the tighter the hold of the pawl. The wheel may be released
from the pawl at pleasure by a lever L, as shown in red outline in Fig. 2,
which operates to move the box K, K, upwards. In operating the windlass,
the chains may either be worked round the barrels in the usual manner,
or they may be arranged to pass each round a second barrel O, as shewn in
Fig. 4, geared with the main barrel, and placed so as to deliver the chain P
through the hole Q into the chain locker or other receptacle. Fig. 5 exhibits
the manner of grooving the main barrel A and second barrel O when com-
bined, as represented in Fig. 4.

page_text: Having thus described the nature and particulars of the said improvement
in ships windlasses, I desire it to be distinctly understood that I claim as new,
and to be protected as my Invention, the arrangement of the shaft E, with its
gearing wheels F, F, and pinions G, G₁, and the clutch coupling sleeves
H, H, in relation to the two barrels of the windlasses and their gearing,
substantially as herein set forth, whereby either one or both barrels may be
moved with the quick or slow motion, or one may be moved with the quick
and the other with the slow motion at the same time.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Durand Gardissal, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
C. D. GARDISSAL. (L.s.)