Gas, Petroleum, Hot Air, and similar Motors.
Year: 1886

page_text: Gas, Petroleum, Hot Air, and similar Motors.
I, THOMAS RICHARD SHILLITO of 89 Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF, AND MEANS FOR COOLING THE CYLINDERS OF GAS, PETROLEUM, HOT
AIR AND SIMILAR MOTORS a communication to me from abroad by Emil Capitaine
of 39 Königgrätzerstrasse, Berlin, German Empire, Civil Engineer to be as
follows:-
""
This invention has reference to the cooling of the cylinders of gas, hot air,
petroleum, and similar motors which are worked by superheated or highly heated
gases.
Hitherto it has been the practice to cool the cylinders of such motors by means
of air conducted around the same or by means of cold water applied either inwardly
or outwardly.
The first method is imperfect owing to air possessing a comparatively low heat
absorbing power, and therefore not capable of extracting sufficiently quick the
heat given off to the cylinder by the hot gases, unless an abnormally large quantity
of air is brought into use in which case expensive additions to the plant are
required.
The second method consisting in injecting water into the interior of the cylinder
has amongst other disadvantages that of injuring the working surfaces of the
cylinder and piston.
The third method, that of causing water to circulate over the outer surface
of the cylinder is the one most frequently employed. In this case either large
quantities of water run to waste or a special cooling apparatus large as compared
with the dimensions of the motor has to be employed.
The method of this invention consists in delivering, by means of a pump or
other suitable appliance,-oil or other lubricating material in a determined quantity
on to the inner surface of the cylinder and outer surface of the piston, the quantity
being sufficiently great to prevent the hot gases or the hot air in the cylinder from

page_text: evolving the same into gas. In the same measure as the oil is forced into the
cylinder a discharge of oil takes place therefrom so that an excessive quantity
thereof may not be present in the cylinder at one time. The oil discharged from
the cylinder heated by the hot gases or hot air may be returned to its former tem-
perature by the use of any suitable cooling apparatus and re-used in the cylinder
and so on over again.
The advantages presented by this method of cooling the cylinder with oil or
other lubricant, amongst others, are:-diminished wear of the cylinder and piston
surfaces, and a tight joint between the piston and cylinder without the use of
piston rings or their equivalent.
The additional parts required for carrying out the invention are mainly a pump
and pipe for delivering the oil or other lubricant to the cylinder, a container and a
valve or cock.
T. R. SHILLITO,
89, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.
An Improved Method of and Means for cooning the Cymmers or
Gas, Petroleum, Hot Air, and similar Motors.
"
I, THOMAS RICHARD SHILLITO of 89 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF, AND MEANS FOR COOLING THE CYLINDERS OF GAS, PETROLEUM, HOT
AIR AND SIMILAR MOTORS a communication to me from abroad by Emil Capitaine
of 39 Königgrätzerstrasse Berlin, German Empire, Civil Engineer, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to the cooling of the cylinders of gas, hot air,
petroleum and similar motors which are worked by superheated or highly heated.
gases.
Hitherto it has been the practice to cool the cylinders of such motors by means
of air conducted around the same or by means of cold water applied either inwardly
or outwardly.
The first mentioned method, of cooling by air is imperfect owing to air possessing
a comparatively very small capacity for the absorption of heat, and therefore does
not extract the heat sufficiently quick, unless a very large quantity of air is brought
into use, in which case expensive additions to the plant are required.

page_text: The second method consisting in injecting water into the interior of the cylinder,
has, amongst other disadvantages, that of injuring the working surfaces of the
cylinder and piston.
The third method, that of causing water to circulate over the outer surface of
the cylinder, is the one most frequently employed. In this case either large
quantities of water run to waste, or a special cooling apparatus, large, as compared
with the dimensions of the motor, has to be employed.
The object of this invention is to cool the cylinders and pistons of gas petroleum,
hot air and similar motors, without the use of air fans or cumbrous cooling
apparatus, and the invention consists in delivering-by means of a pump or other
suitable appliance-oil or other lubricating material in a determined quantity on
to the inner surface of the cylinder, and outer surface of the piston, such quantity
being so great that the hot gases or hot air in the cylinder cannot gasify it. In
the same measure as the oil is pumped into the cylinder a discharge of oil takes
place therefrom so that an overcharge cannot be present. The oil discharged from
the cylinder having been heated by the hot gases or the hot air in the cylinder,
the heat thus taken up is extracted by means of any suitable known cooling
apparatus, after which cooling the oil is pumped back again into the cylinder and
so on over again continuously, it being kept constantly in circulation and alternately
heated and cooled.
The advantages presented by this method of cooling the cylinder with oil or
other lubricant are, amongst others :-diminished wear of the cylinder and piston
surfaces, and tightness of joint between the piston and cylinder without the use
of piston rings or their equivalent. The oil or other lubricant discharged from the
cylinder may have a temperature as high as 200 degrees Celsius. This high tem-
perature of the oil is suitable for the production of high pressure steam. By the
use of this invention, cooling water and the cumbrous apparatus for cooling the
same are rendered superfluous, the cooling vessels em; yed and the cooling surfaces
being much smaller than has hitherto obtained by the old method of cooling by
water, because the difference of temperature between the highly heated oil and the
outer air is greater than the difference of temperature between the heated cooling
water and the outer air. Further, the oil may also be cooled by means of water,
in which case the same may be heated in open vessels up to 100 degrees Celsius
and in closed vessels up to nearly 200 degrees Celsius.
In the accompanying drawing a motor is shown with this invention for cooling
the cylinder, applied. Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of the motor and
Fig. 2 a vertical cross section of the same taken through line a-b of Fig. 1.
A is the frame; B shaft; B¹ crank; C fly wheel; D, cylinder; E, piston con-
nected by a rod to the crank B¹; F, inlet valve and G outlet valve. The motor is
carried on the casing H. On the shaft B is mounted an eccentric J which works
the plunger or piston of a pump K of ordinary construction fitted with suction and
delivery valves. A pipe L leads from the casing H to the suction valve, and from
the delivery valve a pipe M leads to the cylinder D. At m the pipe M branchess
off into two pipes the ends of which are fixed in the cylinder D at n, n so as to
communicate therewith. N is a cock and O, a pipe leading therefrom to the
casing H.
The working of the motor as a hot air motor is as follows:-When the piston is
at that part of its stroke which is due to the position of the crank pin at x, the
inlet valve F is opened and the hot compressed air coming from a generator then
passes into the cylinder and impels the piston forward. When the piston has
arrived at the end of its stroke and the crank pin at the inlet valve F is closed
and the outlet valve G opened, the piston on its return stroke, expelling the gases.
During the forward stroke of the piston, consequently during the time in which
the cylinder is charged with hot compressed air, or with hot compressed gases, a
determined quantity of oil is forced by means of the pump K through the pipe M,
aud orifices n, n, between the piston and the cylinder, that is to say, upon each
revolution of the shaft B or upon every second stroke of the piston a comparatively

page_text: large quantity of oil or other lubricant is injected. into the space between the piston
and cylinder, such space being always existent and tending to increase with the
wear due to working.
The supply of oil to the said space takes place precisely at the time during which
the highest pressure is present in the cylinder. The pressure of the gases or of the
air in the cylinder drives the oil between the piston and cylinder, a portion being
discharged therefrom and a portion collecting in the cylinder, this latter portion
being discharged by periodically opening the cock or valve N when it flows through
the pipe O to the casing H; on the other hand, the oil driven forward past the
piston flows over the upper surface i of the casing H and into this latter through
the orifice o.
The pump K draws the oil from the casing and forces it through the
pipe M into the cylinder as described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In gas, petroleum, hot air, and similar motors which are driven by super-
heated or highly heated gases, the cooling of the cylinder or cylinders by means of
oil or other lubricant substantially as described and shewn.
2. In gas, petroleum, hot air, and similar motors which are driven by super-
heated or highly heated gases, the combination of the pump K for pumping oil or
other lubricating material, with the casing H, cock or valve N and pipe M through
which the material is supplied to the piston and cylinder substantially as described
and shewn.