Intensifying Apparatus for Use in Rifting Jacks, Riveting, Punching, Shearing, and other Machines or Apparatus
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 21st Aug., 1897
Hydraulic Intensifying Apparatus for Use in Rifting Jacks, Riveting,
Punching, Shearing, and other Machines or Apparatus.
I, ALFRED PARFITT, of 1201 Monroe Street in the City of Topeka, County of
Shawnee, and State of Kansas, United States of America, Manchinist, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
My invention relates to riveting machines, and more especially to machines for
riveting boiler and other metallic plates together, and it consists in certain novel
and peculiar features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter
described and claimed.
The object of the invention is to produce a machine of this character either of
a stationary or portable type, which is positive and reliable in and operation and
comparatively simple, strong, durable and inexpensive of construction, and which
is under the perfect control of the operator manipulating only a single valve.
In order that the invention may be fully understood, reference is to be had to
the accompanying drawings, wherein,―
Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a riveting machine embodying my
invention.
Figure 2 represents a vertical section of the same.
Figure 3 represents a cross section taken on the line of Figure 2.
Figure 4 represents a cross section of the four-way valve.
Figure 5 is a view partly in vertical section and partly in elevation of a modified
form of construction of a riveting machine.
Figure 6 is a vertical section of a still further modified form of the riveting
machine.
Like numerals refer to corresponding parts in all of the figures.
Referring now particularly to Sheet 1, of the drawings, 1 designates a hook-
shaped casting or frame which is provided with an upwardly extending arm or
anvil 2 and with a cylindrical cavity or chamber 3 in its upper end. At the upper
end of said cylindrical chamber the casting is diametrically enlarged and internally
screw-threaded as at 4. Said enlargement at a suitable point is provided with an
annular internal flange or shoulder 5 whereon a head 6 rests and is clamped firmly
and tightly by means of the inverted open ended cylinder 7, hereinafter termed
chamber, which screws into the upper end of the enlargement 4, as shown clearly
in Figure 2. Arranged to reciprocate vertically within the chamber 3 is a riveting
piston or plunger 8. Said piston or plunger is provided with a vertically depending
stem or arm 9, which projects through an opening in the bottom of the cylinder-
portion of the casting 1, and is adapted in conjunction with the riveting arm or
anvil 2 to upset the rivet and clamp the plates to be secured firmly together, .in
the customary manner. Said piston or plunger 8 is of peculiar construction, that
is to say it comprises the body-portion from which the stem 9 depends, a top-
portion 10, and a packing ring 11. The packing-ring 11 is of rubber or equivalent
material, and comprises a horizontal portion which rests upon the upper end of the
body-portion of the piston or plunger and a vertical portion or flange which
TD Q77

page_text: projects upwardly and fits snugly against the wall of the cylindrical chamber 8.
The top-portion fits suugly within said chamber upon the upper margin of the
packing-ring and is diametrically diminished at two points to form a shoulder 10"
which bears against the inner side of the vertical portion and upon the upper side
of the horizontal portion of the ring, and a depending threaded portion which
projects through said ring and engages corresponding threads in the upper end of
the body-portion, which connection clamps the packing-ring firmly and reliably in
place. The body-portion is provided with a central cavity 8", which registers with
a central opening 10b through the top-portion, and said opening of the top-portion
at its upper end is diametrically increased so as to form a shallow chamber 10°,
the object of which is hereinafter explained. The top-portion just opposite the
upper end of the vertical flange of the packing-ring is provided with an annular
groove 10d, which communicates by means of a number of radial passages 10°,
with the opening 10b whereby a fluid entering said opening may pass through
said passages into said annular groove and thereby expand and hold said packing-
ring firmly in contact at all times with the wall of the chamber 3 so that it will
be impossible for such fluid to leak down or otherwise obtain access to said chamber
below the piston or plunger, as will be readily undestood. 12 designates a head
which is screwed into the upper end of the chamber 3 and thus limits the upward
movement of the piston, caused by means of one or more springs 13ª, interposed
between the bottom of said chamber 3 and the opposing face or lower end of the
piston or plunger. Said springs at their upper ends preferably engage cavities 8b
in said piston so as to be held eliably in their proper positions. Said head 12
is provided centrally with a threaded boss or neck which projects upwardly into the
enlargement of the cylinder, and is provided centrally with a vertical passage 12ª
which registers with the opening 10 b of the piston, and also extends
through said boss. An annular packing ring fits upon and within said
neck or boss, and is clamped firmly in such position by means of the
threaded cap 13, which cap is also provided with a registering and
preferably a flaring opening which communicates with the passage 12ª. The
chamber formed between the head 6 and 12 is divided by means of a flexible parti-
tion 14 into an upper chamber 15 and a lower chamber 16. The upper chamber
communicates with the opening in the cap 13 and is provided with a hole or inlet
passage 17 for the supply of the fluid employed as an agent in the operation of the
machine, which opening is normally closed by means of a screw-plug 18. The
head 6 is provided with a central opening which is lined with an annular packing-
ring 19 clamped firmly in position by means of a cap-plate 20 bolted firmly in
position. 21 designates a piston and 22 a vertically depending ram or stem thereof.
Said ram or stem fits snugly in the opening of the head 6 at all times and
prevents liquid from the chamber 15 escaping upward into chamber 7. The
piston 21 is provided preferably with the usual packing-ring 23. 24 designates
a
the chamber 16, and 25
a pipe which communicates with
pipe, communicating with the chamber 7, above the piston 23. Said pipes
at their lower ends screw into passages 24" and 25% respectively of a four-way
coupling, and said coupling is also provided with passages 26 and 27 with which
communicate the supply pipe 28 and discharge pipe 29 respectively. 30 designates
a valve which controls the passage of air, steam or water, as the case may be,
through said pipes to and from said chambers. In order to accomplish this it. is
provided with a tapering passage 31, and with a handle 32, by which the operator
manipulates it.
similar
In practice the air or other agent employed is first caused to pass from the supply
pipe 26 to the chamber 16. To accomplish this the valve is set as indicated by
dotted lines in Figure 4. The movement of the valve is then continued in the
direction indicated by the arrow until communication is established between the
supply pipe and passage 25°, whereby the air or other agent under pressure is
supplied to chamber 7, and the escape of air from chamber 16, is prevented by
reason of the fact that the valve closes chamber 24".

page_text: After these operations have taken place and the rivet secured, the movement of
the valve is continued in the same direction until the enlargement in the valve
passage communicates simultaneously with the passages 24 and 25", and the
small end with the discharge passage 27. This operation permits the spring 33
interposed between the head 6 and the piston 21, and the springs 13ª, to raise their
respective pistons to their original positions.
In order that this machine may be adjusted bodily to the position of the plates
to be riveted together, I preferably secure to the downwardly disposed shoulder
formed by enlarging the cylinder 3, the annular ring 34, and said ring in turn fits
rotatably in an annular groove of the surrounding ring 35. Said ring 35 at
diametrically opposite points is provided with trunnions 36, which pivotally engage
openings in the lower end of the bail 37 swiveled at its upper end to a link 38
carried by a swinging crane, not shown. By this means it is obvious that the
machine may be located at any point desired by the proper operation of the crane,
may be adjusted rotatably in the bifurcated or grooved ring 35, and may be
adjusted to any preferred inclination by pivotally operating it upon the trun-
nions 36, as will be understood.
To prepare the machine for operation, water or oil, preferably a non-freezing oil
in cold weather, is introduced into the chamber 15 by way of the opening 17 after
plug 18 is removed. After a sufficient quantity is introduced, which is when the
vertical chamber formed by the recess 8 and the passages 10b and 12", is filled,
together with the chamber 10° at the top of the piston the annular groove 10d, and
the radial passage 10% of the same, the plug 18 is replaced so as to make it absolutely
impossible for any of the liquid to escape at that point. The plates to be riveted
together are arranged with the rivet for securing them upon the arm or anvil 2,
of the frame, and valve 30 is adjusted to afford communication between the supply
pipe 26 and the pipe 24, whereby a fluid, preferably air is introduced under heavy
pressure into the chamber 16, and consequently as the liquid in the chamber 15
is non-elastic, the elevation or upward distention of said flexible partition 14
displaces a quantity of said liquid, which displacement is accommodated by the
downward movement of the piston 8. This preliminary pressure is sufficient in
most cases to completely upset the rivet and fasten the plates reliably together,
but for securing boiler plates together I do not rely upon this preliminary pres-
sure alone, but employ an auxiliary or intensifying pressure to complete the
riveting operation which pressure is produced by the descent of the piston 21,
occasioned by simply throwing the valve around until it affords connection between
the supply pipe and the pipe 25, and at th same time cuts off communication
between the valve and the pipe 24 and thereby prevents any back flow or escape of
air from chamber 16. As soon as the air under pressure is introduced into the
upper end of the chamber 7 above the piston 21 of greater superficial area than the
first-named piston, it is caused to move downwardly without applying pressure
apon the rivet until the ram 22 enters the passage 12 and comes into contact with
the liquid in the chamber 3, the level of which, of course, has been lowered by the
downward movement of the piston 8 already described.
As soon as this contact takes place of course, as the liquid can not escape up-
wardly out of said chamber by reason of the packing-ring at the upper end of the
passage 12, and because of the fact above stated, that it is non-elastic, the pressure
applied upon the piston 21 is transferred to the piston 8, and consequently the
latter under this additional and greater pressure is caused to completely upset the
rivet and secure the boiler or other plates firmly and reliably together. It is
obvious that during the preliminary application of power to force the piston 8
downward and also during the intensified pressure caused by the descent of the
piston 21, the pressure upon the liquid within and upon said piston 8, causes the
vertical arm of the packing-ring 11 to expand and consequently prevent the escape
of any of said liquid to the bottom of the chamber 3, but on the contrary keeps it
always above said piston.
After the rivet is thus firmly secured, the valve is adjusted to afford communica-

page_text: tion simultaneously between pipes. 24 and 25 and discharge pipe 29 to permit the
air or other agent employed to escape and permit the springs 18 and 33 to elevate
their respective pistons; the liquid displaced by the upward movement of the lower
piston overflowing back into the chamber 15. When another rivet is to be secured
the operation described is repeated...
i .
When riveting boiler plates, it is very important that the full power of the
machine shall be brought to bear. upon the rivets, and as it is impossible usually to
ascertain this satisfactorily from an inspection of the plates themselves, I have pro-
vided a tell-tale hole 34" in the chamber 7, and have found in practice that if the
piston 21 moves downwardly within the chamber 7. a sufficient distance to permit
the air or other agent employed for forcing it downwardly, to escape through said
hole or aperture, which is located near the lower end of said chamber,
the full power of the piston 21 has not been applied upon the rivet,
and the reason for such failure is made jobvious which is, that there is an
insufficient quantity of oil or liquid within and upon the piston 8, consequenuy
the ram 22, of the piston 21 has moved for the greater part of its stroke without
exerting enough pressure upon the pistou S and thereby upon the rivet. To remedy
this it is necessary to reverse the position of the valve and introduce more water or oil
into chamber 12" and consequently into and upon the piston 8, and then adjusting the
valve as before complete the riveting operation. In practice when a proper quantity
of water or oil is in and upon the piston 8 the power intensifier piston moves down-
ward only a short distance and said tell-tale hole is so disposed relative to the
stroke of the said piston that if the air or other agent escapes through said hole,
the operator knows that the riveting operation is not as thorough and complete as
it should be, and consequently puts an additional supply of water or oil in the
machine as before described.
Referring now to Figure 5 it will be noticed that instead of the casting or
frame 1, I employ the usual long bifurcated frame 35ª, corresponding in function
to casting 1 but adapted especially for projecting into boilers when up-setting rivets
and securing boiler plates together. It will also be noticed that the principle of
this structure is precisely the same as that already described, the principal difference
being that the chambers 3 and 7 are not superposed relative to each other. In
this case the chamber 3 is disposed at the outer end of the upper arm of the frame,
while the chamber 7 is disposed in an opening in said frame inward of the bifurca-
tion of the same. In this case the upper end of the chamber 3 is closed as before
by a cap 12¹ corresponding to the cap 12 excepting that it is not provided with any
hole or passage way through it, but completely closes the upper end of the chamber 3.
In this case also the form of the plunger is changed somewhat, as it is not necessary
or desirable that it be provided with the recess 8" or 10b as before, though said
recesses or passages may be provided without affecting in the least the operation of
the said piston. In this case I preferably provide a body-portion with an upwardly
projecting threaded stem 81, surround the same with the packing-ring the top-
screw down upon said threaded extension and upon said packing-ring the top-
section 10 of the piston. In this case the top-section instead of the annular groove
and radial passages communicates with a central hole which is provided with an
annular groove 10' of right-angle form in cross section which communicates with
a shallow chamber formed between the top of the plunger and the bottom of the
cap in order that the actuating agent may be spread out over and have a wider
or extended bearing upon the top of the plunger.
Referring now to the chamber 7, it will be noticed that it is precisely the
same in all respects as that already described, except that in this connection it is
inverted so as to dispose the chambers 15 and 16 at its upper end and in lieu of the
liquid receiving chamber formed by the passages 12%, 10%, and 8ª, said chamber is
formed by means of a central tube 121, which screws at its lower end into the
cap 7 forming the upper wall of the chamber 16, which cap is provided also with a
registering passage provided with packing-ring and cap 13 to hold it in place.
In this case also the water or oil is introduced into chamber 15 by way of an

page_text: opening 17 in the upper end of the tube 12", and said opening is normally closed
by the plug 18.The upper end of said tube is also connected by means of the
pipe 37 with the shallow chamber above the piston 8. The valve coupling is also
connected as before by pipe 24 with the chamber 16 and by pipe 25 with the
chamber 7, in this case below the piston 21 instead of above. The spring 33 in
this case is also illustrated, but in practice will probably not be needed, as when.
the pressure is removed from said piston it will gravitate to the bottom of the
cylinder. The spring may be desirable, however, in order to insure positiveness
and reliability of operation.
In operation after the requisite quantity of water or oil is poured into the
tube 121 to fill chamber 15 and said tube, the valve is opened to permit air under
pressure to enter chamber 16, and acting upon the flexible partition 14 as above
described displace or force a quantity of the liquid through the pipe 37*, and into
the chamber 3 above the piston, which latter is consequently moved downward as
before explained. The further movement of the valve then intensifies the pressure.
upon the rivet caused by the downward movement of the piston 8 by introducing
air below the piston 21, and causing the ram or stem of said piston to move
upwardly into the tube 121, and by displacing a further quantity of said liquid
force piston 8 downwardly a corresponding distance, and complete the riveting
operation. This frame 35" may also be suspended from a crane in the customary
manner.
Referring now to Figure 6, it will be noticed that I have arranged the intensifier.
to operate in connection with a punch, or a small riveting machine which can be
held in one's hand. In this case also I have mounted the intensifier upon wheels
so as to be conveniently portable from place to place. The principle of construction.
in this case is precisely the same as in the structures already described, and the
parts are correspondingly numbered except that instead of the flexible partition I
have employed a mechanical equivalent of the same, in the shape of an adjustable
piston or partition 14. This partition or piston is circular and embraces loosely
the tube 12 and fits snugly within the cylinder forming the chambers 15 and 16,
and is adapted to diminish and increase the capacity of said chambers respectively
as it moves downwardly in operation, and consequently displace the liquid in
chamber 15 and force it through the pipe 31 into chamber 3 to cause the pre-
liminary operation of the riveting or punching stem 9" of the piston 8. Said
piston 14" preferably comprises three sections, and between the same are interposed
two packing-rings which fit snugly against the wall of the cylinder and the external
surface of the tube 12. The middle section is provided peripherally and inter-
nally with annular grooves 14b and 14° which are connected by one or more radial
passages 14, and communicating in turn at its lower end with one of said radial
passages, and secured rigidly to the piston is a vertical pipe 38", which reciprocates
with the plunger and extends through the stuffing-box 39, to permit the escape of
the air, steam or other agent employed under pressure to force downwardly the
said piston and thereby cause the preliminary operation of the riveting or punching
piston 8. In case the air or other agent employed leaks partially through or
past said piston, it enters said annular grooves and said radial passages and is
permitted to escape freely up through the escape pipe 38"; this construction thereby
insuring against the mixing of the piston actuating agent with the liquid or power
transmitting agent in chamber 15, as will be readily understood.
manipulating the valve as before described, the preliminary riveting
operation first takes place,. and then
the pressure thus completed is
In this
intensified by the movement or operation of the second piston.
construction it is necessary to employ a spring, 40, or other means for re-elevating
the piston after each operation, though it is to be understood that I may employ any
other power to accomplish the same purpose, for instance, I may introduce air or
steam under pressure to re-elevate said piston and, also re-elevate piston 21 in
Sheet 1, and piston 8 if found - desirable.
By
It is obvious of course that the principle of construction herein described and

page_text: illustrated by the accompanying drawings, viz., the employment of a piston for
preliminary engagement with the rivet, in combination with an auxiliary piston
or pressure intensifier for acting upon the first named piston and thereby increasing
the pressure or force with which it bears upon the rivet, may be used in other
connections, for instance, I contemplate using this principle in connection with
shears or devices for cutting or trimming metal plates in connection with hydraulic-
jacks for lifting de-railed locomotives or cars back upon the track, and in various
other connections not necessary to mention herein.
While I have described and illustrated this machine as provided with only a
single intensifier or auxiliary piston, it is to be understood of course that I may
compress or intensify the pressure upon the liquid a plural number of times if
found desirable or necessary.
It is to be understood that changes in the form, proportion and organization of
the parts, may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or scope or sacrificing
any of the advantages of my invention, nor will the substitution of equivalents be
considered a departure from the same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed. I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. An hydraulic intensifying apparatus, as embodied in a riveting machine,
comprising a frame having an arm or anvil, a piston provided with an arm to
engage a rivet, a liquid chamber communicating with the piston chamber above
said piston, a movable partition to displace a quantity of the liquid in said chamber,
and thereby applying pressure upon the piston force it downward to engage the
rivet, and a second piston or intensifier to operate upon said fluid and thereby
increase the pressure upon the first-named piston and consequently upon the rivet
engaged by the same, substantially as described.
2. An hydraulic intensifying apparatus, as embodied in a riveting machine,
comprising a frame having an arm or anvil, a piston provided with an arm to
engage a rivet, a liquid chamber communicating with the piston chamber above
said piston, a movable partition to displace a quantity of the liquid in said chamber,
and thereby applying pressure upon the piston force it downwardly to engage the
rivet, a second piston or intensifier to operate upon said fluid and thereby increase
the pressure upon the first-named piston and consequently upon the rivet engaged
by the same, and means to return said pistons to their original positions after the
pressure upon them is removed.
U
3. An hydraulic intensifying apparatus, as embodied in a riveting machine,
comprising a suitable frame having an anvil or arm, and provided
with a piston chamber, a piston therein provided with a stem to act
in conjunction with said arm upon the rivet to be up-set, a liquid chamber in
communication with the upper end of said piston chamber, a movable partition
therein, a pressure supply pipe communicating with the liquid chamber at the side
of the movable partition containing no liquid, a second piston or pressure intensifier,
a pipe connecting the same with said supply pipe and a valve, which when operated
permits the pressure agent to first act upon and operate the movable partition and
consequently operate the first-named piston and then to cause such pressure agent
to act upon the last-named piston and cause it to intensify the pressure of said
first-named piston upon said rivet, substantially as described.
4. An hydraulic intensifying apparatus, as embodied in a riveting machine,
comprising a suitable frame having an anvil or arm, and provided with a piston
chamber, a piston therein provided with a stem to act in conjunction with said
arm upon the rivet to be up-set, a liquid chamber in communication with the upper
end of said piston chamber, a movable partition therein, a pressure supply pipe
communicating with the liquid chamber at the side of the movable partition
containing no liquid, a second piston or pressure intensifier, a pipe connecting
the same with said supply pipe, a valve which, when operated, permits the pressure

page_text: agent to first act upon and operate the movable partition and consequently operate
the first-named piston, and then to cause such pressure agent to act upon the last-
named piston and cause it to intensify the pressure of said first-named piston upon
said rivet, a discharge-pipe which may be put in communication by said valve with
the pipes leading to said chambers after the riveting operation is completed, and
means to return said pistons to their original position, simultaneously with the
escape of the pressure agent through the discharge-pipe, substantially as described.
Dated this 14th day of December 1896.
ALFRED PARFITT.