Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for use in Making Heads for Casks and the like.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Nov., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 26th Aug., 1891-Accepted, 26th S-pt., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for use in Making Heads
for Casks and the like.
I, ALEXANDER DUNBAR, of 65 South John Street, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Barrister at Law, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to a machine or apparatus for cutting heads suitable for
dry barrels or the like, with edges not bevelled off like those cut by the machine
described in the Specification of a former Patent granted to me No. 9717
A.D. 1889 in which machine an upper and a lower revolving cutter head are moved
towards and away from each other, and there is a clamping disc, these travelling in
vertical planes.
According to my present invention I employ an upper cutter head only secured
to a vertical hollow spindle that revolves in fixed pedestals and through which a
central clamping disc takes similar to that described in the before mentioned
Specification, but instead of using a lower fixed central clamping disc on which the
boards for the heads rest I employ a movable table guided in slides in such a way
that it can have both a horizontal and a vertical movement automatically imparted
to it by means of suitably shaped cams.
An arrangement of machine according to my invention comprises two side frames
braced together by two fixed pedestals through which passes a vertical cutter head
spindle which can be rotated by a belt driven from a pulley on a countershaft that
may be carried by the side frames. Suitable slides are formed in the inner sides of
the side frames into which a sliding frame takes, its vertical movement being
effected by suitable means such as a cam revolving slowly with a shaft placed
between the side frames and driven in any convenient manner such as by a worm
wheel and worm.
The upper end of the sliding frame is formed with another slide or guide for the
reception of a table which is sufficiently long to accommodate, and leave a space
between, two of the largest heads the machine is intended to produce laid side by
side. On the underside of the table near one end is pivotted a connecting rod
whose other end is connected to levers in such a manner as in conjunction with
another cam placed conveniently beneath the table and revolving with the before
mentioned shaft to cause motion in a horizontal direction to be imparted to the
table. The last mentioned cam is so shaped and connected with the levers as to
give an intermittent reciprocating motion thereto the stroke of which is equal to
the distance between the centres of two heads laid side by side on the table.
Suitable locking mechanism may be provided for retaining the table at either end
of its strokeli.e., while the lifting cam is raising the table and the boards to form a
head against the weighted and hanging clamping disc which it lifts and holds the
boards firmly on the table as they are slowly brought into contact with the
revolving cutting tools. When this cam has reached the full extent of its stroke
the head will have been cut through; the periphery of the cam is so shaped as to
allow the table and clamped head to quickly descend away from the knives,
simultaneously the locking arrangement will be released and at the proper time the
other cam will cause the table and cut head to travel longitudinally and bring the
second head on the table directly and centrally with the revolving cutting tools and
clamping disc ready for being raised vertically and cut, the locking arrangement
coming into operation as before.
The vertical lifting cam may be loose on the cam shaft and be driven by a dog
so that immediately it has completed its full stroke the weight of the table slidę

page_text: and clamping disc will cause it to race so as to quickly withdraw the cut head from
the tools and prevent them from heating.
The upper side of the table. may be covered with boards and have rings or grooves
cut therein to allow the ends of the cutting tools to enter as the head is cut through,
these rings or grooves forming guides or templates shewing the position in which
to place another set of boards for the next head whilst the first one is being cut.
If desired an automatic side clamping arrangement worked from the cam shaft may
be provided for pressing the edges of the boards together until clamped.
The cutter spindle and cam shaft may be driven separately or together if desired;
by preference two driving belts are employed one driving the cutter head and the
other the worm shaft.
4
As is evident one or more heads might be cut together if desired.
Machinery according to my invention may be modified in its details to suit heads
for various purposes.
A. DUNBAR.
By L. W., per F. B.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. .
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for use in Making Heads
for Casks and the like.
I ALEXANDER DUNBAR, of 65 South John Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Barrister at Law, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a machine or apparatus for cutting heads suitable for
dry barrels or the like, with edges not bevelled off like those cut by the machine
described in the Specification of a former Patent granted to me, No. 9717
A.D. 1889, in which machine an upper and a lower revolving cutter head are
moved towards and away from each other, and there is a clamping disc, these
travelling in vertical planes.
According to my present invention I employ an upper cutter head only, secured
to a vertical hollow spindle that revolves in fixed pedestals and through which a
. central clamping disc takes similar to that described in the before mentioned
Specification, but instead of using a lower fixed central clamping disc on which the
boards for the heads rest, I employ a movable table guided in slides in such a way
that it can have both a horizontal and a vertical movement automatically imparted
to it by means of suitably shaped cams.
An arrangement of machine according to my invention comprises two side
frames braced together by two fixed pedestals through which passes a vertical
cutter head spindle which can be rotated by a belt driven from a pulley on a
countershaft that may be carried by the side frames. Suitable slides are formed in
the inner sides of the side frames into which a sliding frame takes, its vertical
movement being effected by suitable means such as a cam revolving slowly with a
shaft placed between the side frames and driven in any convenient manner such as
by a worm wheel and worm.
The upper end of the sliding frame is formed with another slide or guide for the
reception of a table which is sufficiently long to accommodate, and leave a space
between, two of the largest heads the machine is intended to produce, laid side by
side. On the underside of the table near one end is pivoted a connecting rod
whose other end is connected to levers in such a manner as in conjunction with
another cam placed conveniently beneath the table and revolving with the before
mentioned shaft to cause motion in a horizontal direction to be imparted to the
.. table. The last mentioned cam is so shaped and connected with the levers as to
give an intermittent reciprocating motion thereto the stroke of which is equal to
the distance between the centres of two heads laid side by side on the table.

page_text: The vertical lifting cam may be loose on the cam shaft and be driven by a dog
so that immediately it has completed its full stroke the weight of the table slide
and clamping disc will cause it to race so as to quickly withdraw the cut head from
the tools and prevent them from heating.
The upper side of the table may be covered with boards and have rings or
grooves cut therein to allow the ends of the cutting tools to enter as the head is cut
through, these rings or grooves forming guides or templates shewing the position
in which to place another set of boards for the next head whilst the first one is
being cut. If desired an automatic side clamping arrangement worked from the
cam shaft might be provided for pressing the edges of the boards together until
clamped.
The cutter spindle and cam shaft may be driven separately or together if
desired; by preference two driving belts are employed one driving the cutter head
and the other the worm shaft.
As is evident one or more heads might be cut together if desired.
Machinery according to my invention may be modified in its details to suit heads
for various purposes.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a complete machine according to my invention.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation, and
Fig. 3 is a plan or top view thereof.
Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation shewing the cam and driving dog for moving the
table vertically.
Fig. 5 is a sectional side elevation of the same shewing the cam shaft and the
two cams.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view shewing the cutter spindle, the cutter head with tool
holder, and the central clamping disc and spindle.
Figs. 7 and 8 are detached views of the tool holder.
Similar letters refer to like parts throughout the drawing.
AA are two side frames braced together by pedestal fixings B B that carry the
vertical cutter head spindle C which is rotated by the belt pulley C¹ from a pulley
on a countershaft D, also secured to the frame sides A. A, as shewn in Figs. 1, 2
and 3.
Inside the side frames A A beneath the cutter spindle grooves are formed for
receiving a sliding frame E, that has a vertical movement imparted to it by a double
cam F so shaped as to first give a quick motion for clamping the head and raising
the weighted clamping disc G so far that the head boards almost touch the revolving
cutting tools H, Figs. 6 and 8, and to then impart a slower motion to feed the wood
to be cut through and so form a head the frame E (and the finished head), then
quickly descending until the clamping spindle G₁ has reached the full extent of its
travel and released the cut head. The cam J then comes into action and moves
the table and head from beneath the cutter disc C² ready for removal of the head
and the substitution of other boards. The cam F is loose on the shaft F¹ and is
driven by a fixed dog F secured to the shaft F1 (Fig. 4) which is rotated by a
worm wheel F3 and worm K from the worm shaft K', the arrangement being such
that immediately the cam F has completed a little over a half revolution the anti-
friction roller E' in the fixing E will cause the cam F to race in advance of the
speed of shaft to the extent allowed by the space between the dog and projection
thereon, thus causing the table L and cut head L' to quickly descend as before
described. The upper part of the sliding frame E forms a slide on which takes a
table L which is of sufficient length to accommodate two of the largest heads the
machine is intended to cut and have sufficient space between them that one head
may be removed and boards to form a third substituted whilst the other is
being cut.
The table L is moved by a connecting rod M pivotted thereto, the other end of
the rod being connected to levers N moved to and fro by the cam J which is placed
beneath the table L and is rotated by the before mentioned cam shaft F in such a

page_text: manner as to cause a horizontal intermittent and retarded motion to be given to the
table L. This cam is so shaped as to dispense with the necessity of using stops or
detents to hold the table in position whilst being clamped, the segments of circles
forming the sides of the cam in the largest diameter radiating from the cam shaft
centre F thus filling the space between the two anti-friction rollers P, as shewn by
dotted lines in Fig. 1. The upper side of the table L is provided with raised rings
or washers a little smaller in diameter than the heads to be cut; they are secured
by screws or otherwise to the table and are provided with a few short pointed pins for
pressing into the boards when clamped and retaining them in position whilst being
cut. The centre of the rings are placed at a distance apart equal to the stroke of
the table and form guides or templates for fixing the position of the boards to form
a head.
The central hollow spindle C is made with a flange to which is bolted the cutter
block disc C², and the latter is provided with two regulating screws H¹ carrying
adjustable tool holders H2 that may be fixed after being set to the required size by
nuts as shewn in Figs. 6 and 8. The tools H may each be made of one flat piece
of steel slid into the oblong hole through the block H2 and reduced in width at the
cutting point, or can be made of two thinner pieces, pivotted together at their upper
end and each ground off in the inside to form two lance tools. G2 is a crosshead
on the clamping spindle G¹; to it are pivotted the ends of two short levers R whose
other ends are connected by links S with a weighted clamping lever S₁ as shewn
in Figs. 1, and 3. The cams F, J are so arranged in relation to each other that
directly the cut head and table have been lowered clear of the cutting tools H, H
they will be moved longitudinally and the next set of boards for a head will be
brought centrally with the revolving cutter head C².
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :
1. In a machine for cutting heads for casks and the like, the combination of a
fixed revolving cutter head, a table or platform, and means for raising and lowering
said table or platform for the purposes specified substantially as described.
2. In a machine for making heads for casks and the like, a platform or table and
means for imparting thereto a vertical motion and a horizontal motion as herein-
before described and for the purpose specified.
3. In a machine for forming heads for casks and the like, the combination with
fixed revolving cutter head, of a table having an intermittent horizontal motion and
a vertical motion imparted to it by means of cams substantially as described.
4. In a machine for cutting heads for casks and the like, the combination of parts
by which the table on which the boards to be cut are placed, is given first a hori-
zontal movement to bring the said boards centrally beneath the revolving cutters,
and secondly a vertical movement so as to raise the table and the boards on it
against a clamping disc and a cutter head, the table being afterwards caused to
quickly descend, and means for removing the cut head from beneath the cutters all
substantially as described and illustrated for the purpose specified.
5. The improved machine for cutting heads for casks and the like, substantially
as described with reference to the annexed drawings.
Dated this 26th day of August 1891.
A. DUNBAR.
By L. W., per F. B.