An Improved Engine or Motor, actuated by Water or other Fluid under Pressure.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Aug., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 28th May, 1898-Accepted, 2nd July, 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Engine or Motor, actuated by Water or other Fluid
under Pressure.
I, THOMAS ANDERSON CROSSGROVE, of 41, Victoria Embankment, Darlington, in
the County of Durham, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an engine or motor of a design especially adapted to
be driven at a high speed by hydraulic pressure such as may be derived from the
town main or other available source of supply under pressure.
The object of my invention is to enable this source of power to be utilized by
means of an engine especially adapted for the purpose in which high speeds are
attainable as with steam or gas engines and the nature of my invention as well as
its utility will be understood from the following description.
Water being non-expansive and practically incompressible it will be readily
understood that an engine designed on the cylinder and piston principle as adapted
to expansive and compressible gases such as steam, air or coal gas are not adapted
to be driven by water pressure unless each charge of water delivered into the
cylinder is exhausted by gravity instead of by expansion.
In an engine constructed according to my invention this is effected and the pur-
pose of my invention attained by an arrangement of parts similar in principle and
arrangement of its moving parts to the well known steam or gas engine. The
cylinder is provided with inlet ports of considerable area at either end, and an
exhaust port midway between the two ends, the size and position of this exhaust
port being designed and selected to exhaust the water by gravity in time to
relieve the piston of back pressure. In addition to the main and central exhaust port a
smaller exhaust port is preferably provided at each end of the cylinder. These
end exhaust ports are controlled by slide valves worked from an eccentric rod as
in a steam engine. The action being that the end exhaust port is closed as the
piston arrives at the end of its stroke in that direction and remains closed whilst
the piston
being driven forward by the pressure of water, this exhaust port is
then opened and the exhaust port at the other end closed as the reverse stroke takes
place. This applies to a double acting engine into which the water under pressure
is charged at each end in succession as in the case of a steam engine. But if the
engine is to be single acting, only one inlet port is used and one slide valve to
control the auxiliary exhaust port at the inlet end, the engine being carried through
its return stroke by the momentum of the fly wheel.
. 000
1
L 1007
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent, Stockton-on-Tees and Hull,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: An Improved Engine or Motor, actuated by Water or other Fluid
under Pressure.
I, THOMAS ANDERSON CROSSGROVE, of 41, Victoria Embankment, Darlington, in
the County of Durham, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement: -
My invention relates to an engine or motor of a design especially adapted to be
driven at a high speed by hydraulic pressure such as may be derived from the-town
main or other available source of supply under pressure.
The object and result of my invention is to enable this source of power to be
utilized by means of an engine especially adapted for the purpose in which high
speeds are attainable as with steam or gas engines and the nature of my invention
as well as its utility will be understood from the following description.
Water being non-expansive and practically incompressible it will be readily
understood than an engine designed on the cylinder and piston principle as adapted
to expansive and compressible gases such as steam, air, or coal gas are not adapted
to be driven by water pressure unless each charge of water delivered into the
cylinder is exhausted by gravity instead of by expansion.
In an engine constructed according to my invention this is effected and the
purpose of my invention attained by an arrangement of parts similar in principle and
arrangement of its moving parts to the well know steam or gas engine.
And in order that my invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into effect, I will now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompany-
ing drawing, in which a longitudinal section of an engine or motor is shown the
construction of which embodies the essential features of my said invention.
The cylinder a is provided with inlet parts 61 62 of considerable area at each end
and an exhaust port c midway between the two ends, the size and position of this
exhaust port c being designed and selected to exhaust the water by gravity in
time to relieve the piston of back pressure. In addition to the main and central
exhaust port c, a smaller exhaust port c² is preferably provided at each end of the
cylinder. These end exhaust ports c¹ c² are controlled by slide valves e¹ e2
respectively and worked from an eccentric rod f as in a steam engine the action
being that the end exhaust port c¹ is closed as the piston arrives at the end of its
stroke in that direction and remains closed whilst the piston is being driven for-
ward by the pressure of water. The exhaust port c¹ is then opened and the exhaust
port at the other end closed as the reverse stroke takes place. This applies to
a double-acting engine into which the water under pressure is charged at each
end in succession as in the case of a double-acting steam engine.
The central main exhaust port c is controlled entirely by the movement of the
piston which is shown in the drawing at the point of commencing a stroke in the
direction of the arrow. So long as the construction provides that the requisite
supply of water under pressure is delivered into the cylinder at each end alternately
and exhausted therefrom in time to prevent back pressure the arrangement or design
of the engine may be modified in respect of its various details. The construction
shown in the drawing is to be taken in these respects as an example only of what
is suitable, as for instance the auxiliary exhaust ports are shown as leading in to
the main exhaust pipe and the inlet ports 61 and 62 are brought together at 63 64
so that they can be controlled by a conveniently sized slide valve covering both
ports. The relative sizes of the various ports to that of the cylinder may be taken
from the drawing as being in a suitable proportion for the purpose of my invention.

page_text: If the engine is to be single acting only one inlet port b¹ is required together
with the valve e controlling the auxiliary exhaust port c¹ at the inlet end, the
engine being carried through its return stroke by the momentum of the fly wheel.
In conclusion I would observe that whilst the engine as herein before described
is more especially intended for use with water pressure it can also be driven at a
high speed by low pressure steam, and I do not confine the use of my invention
to water pressure only when other low fluid pressure can be economically obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
-
An engine in which the particular arrangement and combination of parts enables
it to be driven at a high speed by water pressure or the like low fluid pressure
the engine being constructed and operated substantially as herein before described
with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 27th day of May 10.
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent, Stockton-on-Tees and Hull,
Agent for the Applicant.