Improved Means for Heating Railway Carriages.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Sept., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 11th July, 1894-Accepted, 11th Sept.,
1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Heating Railway Carriages.
JOHN PATTERSON, 48 Minard Road, Crossmyloof Glasgow, Renfrewshire,
Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to heating railway carriages by exhaust or live steam or
hot air generated in the engine, and conveyed to the carriage or vehicle by an
apparatus composed of a nozzle and pipes fitted with regulating cocks and valves,
pressure gauges, traps, couplings, hose, and their accompanying fittings, all
combined and forming an apparatus or means by which the said steam or air is
conveyed direct from the engine to each and every carriage and to each and every
compartment in each carriage or vehicle terminating in the van or returning back
to the engine or otherwise.
The exhaust steam may be obtained from the ordinary exhaust from the
cylinders and which is usually lost up the funnel. The exhaust steam from the
cylinders may be led into the steam heating pipe by providing the pipe within
the smoke box with a trumpet shaped mouth into which the nozzle of the exhaust
steam pipe is led. The engine driver may be provided with a
regulating valve
and pressure gauge. The connection between the carriages may be made with
india rubber hose. I preferably use two connecting pipes between the carriages
to effect the connection and disconnection of the carriages. I also so mount the
connecting pipes that they are always carried in arch shaped position as distinct from
a trough shaped position, to prevent accumulation of condensed water. I provide
the steam pipe of every carriage with a steam trap, to collect the condensed
water. A branch heating pipe may be led up under the seats of the compart-
ments. A branch heating pipe may also be led to the front of the engine for
use when the engine is travelling backwards. When using heated air I provide
the front of the engine with a bell-mouth, the air being forced through the
heating pipe by the travel of the engine, the heating of the air pipe being
effected by a coil of the pipe within the smoke box or by heating the pipe in any
other convenient manner.
Deted this Oth dox of Sentember 1802
JOHNSONS,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Petitioner's Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Heating Railway Carriages.
1, JOHN PATTERSON, of 48 Minard Road, Crossmyloof, Renfrewshire, Scotland,
Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improved means for heating railway carriages and has
for its object to heat railway carriages or vehicles by exhaust or live steam or
hot air generated in the engine, and conveyed to the carriage or vehicle through
a nozzle on the engine and thence through pipes along the train, by means of
which steam, or hot air, is conveyed from the engine to each carriage of the train.

page_text: But in order that my invention may be more readily understood and easily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Figure 14 is an elevation, shown partly in section, of the front portion of part
of a passenger train and Figure 1B is a similar view of the rear portion of the
same having my improvements applied thereto.
Figure 2 is a cross section of an ordinary railway carriage, and Figure 3 a
similar view of a corridor carriage, having my improvements attached.
Figures 4 to 6, inclusive, are detail views of specific parts of my said invention,
hereinafter more particularly described.
I mount within the steam exhaust box A of the engine a wide mouthed nozzle
piece B, shown more particularly in Figures 4, 5, and 6, into which the exhaust
steam from the cylinders blows. The steam after entering the said nozzle B passes
along the conducting pipe C, and through the three way regulating cock D, which
is also connected with the live steam in the boiler, by means of the pipe E, for the
purpose of heating the carriages when they are standing in a station or siding.
The steam after passing through the regulating cock D goes through the four way
connection piece F which is provided with a gauge G for indicating the amount of
pressure, said gauge, as well as the operating handle or wheel of the regulating
cock D, being conveniently placed for the driver of the engine to see and operate.
The steam after passing through the connection passes along the conducting
pipe C to the rear of the tender where the pipe C is provided with a shut off
cock H, shown more particularly in Figures 5, 5 and 6, having a bye pass hạ
Figure 5. The steam after passing through the shut off cock H passes up and
through the arched connection between the tender and the first carriage, said
connection being composed of the two rubber or other flexible hose pipes J and
couplings K. The steam after passing through the said connection enters the
conducting pipe C of the first carriage, which is provided at each end with shut off
cocks H and, at or near its centre, with an automatic acting steam trap L for
drawing off and discharging any condensed steam from the main conductor and
other pipes, thereby preventing the pipes from becoming frozen in cold weather.
The conducting pipe C traverses the whole length of the train having a trap L
on each carriage or vehicle and is connected between each carriage by means of
flexible hose pipes J and couplings K as already described.
The steam, or hot air, conveyed by the conducting pipe C heats each compartment
of the carriages by means of branch upright supply pipes M, one of which passes
up into a radiator N mounted underneath each seat of the compartments of the
carriage.
The conducting pipe C after traversing the length of the train is provided at
the guards van with a blow off cock P and operating handle p, as well as with a
gauge Q, and if desired a suitable thermometer, so as to enable the heating
apparatus to be under the control of the guard or conductor as well as the driver
of the train.
I also provide the engine with an auxiliary conducting pipe C¹ extending from
the four way piece F to the front of the engine, provided with a shut off cock H
hose J and half coupling, so as to enable the system to be applied whether the
engine be coupled to the train at its front, tender or rear end.
The whole arrangement is such that on the train being made up and the
couplings K connected, the shut off cocks H are opened as also the supply or
regulating cock D, for the live steam, and blow off cock P, the latter of which is
only allowed to remain open for a short time so as to draw all the air from the
radiators and pipes and by doing so create a vacuum, and so cause the steam to
rush into the various radiators on the said cock P being closed and by this means
the carriages are warmed.
As soon as the train starts, the live steam is shut off and the exhaust turned on
by the driver, the gauge G showing him the amount of pressure that is passing

page_text: into the system of pipes, so as to enable him, with the aid of a scale, and if desired
a thermometer, to regulate the temperature throughout the whole system.
I may cover all the exposed parts of said apparatus such as the conducting pipes
traps and cocks with felt or composition, so as to prevent the radiation of heat, or
the freezing of the said parts in cold weather.
In adapting my said invention to a central corridor car, I proceed as is shown in
section Figure 3.
I form or provide the branch pipe M with two side branches M¹ the ends of
which enter into the radiators N₁ mounted underneath each side seat as shown.
My invention is also applicable to corridor cars in which the corridors run along
the one side of the car.
When using heated air in lieu of steam, I provide the front of the engine with a
bell mouth pipe, through which the air is forced by means of the forward movement
of the train or engine, the said air being heated in the engine before travelling
along to the carriages, by means of a coil of pipe within the smoke box, or by
heating the pipe in any other convenient manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. The general arrangement, construction and combination of the various parts,
constituting my improved means for heating railway carriages, substantially as
hereinbefore described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
2nd. In heating railway carriages, the arrangement of the nozzle B, conducting
pipes C, having branches M, and radiators N, also couplings K, shut off cocks H,
traps L, blow off cock P, and gauges G and Q, substantially as, and for the
purposes herein before described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
3rd. In heating railway carriages, the conducting pipe C and its connections,
whereby the foregoing system may be effected when the engine is travelling
backwards, substantially as described and shown in the drawings.
Dated this 10th day of July 1894.
JOHNSONS,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agents.