matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A WIND GUARD FOR CURING SMOKY CHIMNIES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cooke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th November
1861.
I, WILLIAM COOKE, of 26, Spring Gardens, Saint-Martins in the Fields, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A WIND GUARD FOR CURING SMOKY CHIMNIES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of an upright tube or shaft of a size suitable to the
chimney shaft, having at the top a cone, the side of which cone forms an
angle of 45 degrees with the base line of the upright tube, and placed in such
position that the apex of the said cone is on a level with the top of the tube,
the area of the base of the cone being of the same size as the area of the tube,
such tube or shaft having surrounding it at the upper part a larger tube or
outer casing, so fixed and of such size that an annular space is left between
the outer tube and the inner tube and cone equal in area to the area of the
inner tube; the said outer, tube is constructed of a tapering form, the area at
top being equal to the area of the said tube or shaft.
Another portion of my Invention consists in such an arrangement of the
outer and inner tube or tubes as effectually allows the emission of the smoke
without admitting a downward current of air, the same object being also
effected by another arrangement of the funnel or shaft, having in it horizontal
or other shaped divisions, openings also at certain distances being made in the
sides of the said shaft or funnel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND WARMING CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, FERNERIES, ORCHARD HOUSES, OR OTHER BUILDINGS AND Rooms
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Lepard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November
1861.
I, SAMUEL LEPARD, of Cloak Lane, in the City of London, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND WARMING CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, FERNERIES,
ORCHARD HOUSES, OR OTHER BUILDINGS AND Rooms," to be as follows:-
Over à gas furnace, or over a series of gas burners or jets, I place a small
metal boiler within which I introduce water. I connect this boiler by means
of pipes with another vessel of any convenient form. The communicating
pipes pass from the upper and under part of the boiler to the upper and under
part of the other vessel in which also water is placed, both the boiler and
vessel have the requisite pipes for admitting water and safety valves for letting
off steam. The gas being lighted, the water in the boiler becomes heated and
a current is established between the water in it and that in the other vessel,
the heat radiating from the latter raises the temperature of the building or
compartment wherein it is placed. The apparatus may be fixed upon a stand,
or mounted on a frame, or suspended from the ceiling, or in any other way.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING FOREIGN MATTERS FROM THE DROPPINGS FROM CARDING MACHINES, AND FOR RETURNING THE RESIDUE THEREUNTO,
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June
1861. A communication from abroad by James Fitton, of Cavendish,
in the County of Windsor, in the State of Vermont, United States of
America.
I, JAMES WRIGHT, of 42, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, in the City of London,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING FOREIGN MATTERS
FROM THE DROPPINGS FROM CARDING MACHINES, AND FOR RETURNING THE RESIDUE
THEREUNTO," a communication from abroad by James Fitton, of Cavendishi, in
the County of Windsor, in the State of Vermont, United States of America,
to be as follows, that is to say:
My Invention consists in the means I employ to separate foreign matters, such
as sand, dirt, dye, stuff, grit, and such like from the wool or fibrous material
which falls from carding engines. I effect this in the following manner :-
Under the main cylinder of the ordinary carding engine I place two rollers,
which rotate in bearings of the usual form, and are driven by belting or gearing;
over these rollers I stretch an endless band or apron, preferably composed of
leather bands placed slightly apart; on these bands I fix a continued series of
lags or small blocks of hard wood, which are flat on the bottoms, where they
are attached to the bands, and slightly rounded on the top. Underneath this
apron is another roller capable of being either raised or depressed and fixed

page_text: exactly under the place where the apron is nearest to the drum, the roller
being for the purpose of regulating the distance between the surfaces of the
wooden lags attached to the straps; where it is not convenient to have the
apron of sufficient length to catch all the droppings from the carding engine, I
place guides or rollers for that purpose. By this arrangement I can preserve
the short pieces of wool or fibrous material, technically called staple, which
are generally either wasted or woven into inferior stuff' or yarn.
My Invention is best adapted for woollen fabrics, the fibres of which are
bearded, and therefore attach themselves to the apron or lags of wood, and are
of very little specific gravity, while sand, dirt, or short pieces of hair fall through
or off the apron when it passes over the rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CON- DENSERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Lamb at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1861.
I, ANDREW LAMB, of Southampton, in the County of Hants, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CON-
DENSERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, 1st, in an arrangement of valves, cocks, and pipes,
by which a continuous flow of water is kept up, to assist or utterly dispense
with the use of the pumps which are commonly used for the purpose of surface
condensation in steam engines as now being brought into general use. In
screw steam ships I place gratings projecting from the ship's side, forward and
aft, water entering by the forward grating flows through a valve into a pipe
leading into the condenser, from whence it flows through a second pipe pro-
vided with a valve, and out at the aft grating; a lip may be made on this
grating for imparting to the water a direction towards the screw propeller, the
action of which latter assists in drawing the water through the pipes and con-
denser. In paddle-wheel ships the arrangement is similar, only the inlet and
outlet pipes are shorter.
2nd, in connecting the steam boilers with the condensers by means of pipes
with cocks or valves, whereby all surplus steam can be passed directly into the
condensers without passing through the engines. The surplus steam will thus
be condensed into water instead of being wasted by being blown into the atmo-

page_text: sphere through the safety valves, and the loss of the fresh water, which is
intended to be used over and over again, will be avoided.
3rd, in using the ordinary pumps for pumping sea water through surface
condensers, available in case of fire or leakage. By shutting the discharge
valve and opening the stop valve a strong body of water may be thrown on 5
deck, and in the event of leakage, by shutting the valve through which sea
water is drawn to supply the pump, and opening a valve in a pipe communi-
cating with the bilge, the water can be drawn from the bilge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PEAT FUEL
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Moir Crane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th June
1861.
I, PATRICK MOIR CRANE, of the Irish Peat Works, Athy, Ireland, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PEAT FUEL," to be as follows:-
The manufacture of peat fuel necessitates a drying preparation, and this as
at present carried out entails great outlay on the part of the manufacturer, as
the drying grounds are distant from the bog, and the season for turf cutting
being short precludes a sufficient supply being obtained to render the manu-
facture profitable. Instead of wheeling the turf in barrows, I propose to run a
rail or tramway from the drying grounds down to the banks from whence the
turf is cut, to load the barrows on to stages or trucks constructed for that pur-
pose, or to receive the turf direct on to the stages in great quantity, (thus obtain
ing partial drainage thereof,) and drawing or hauling these stages along the
tramway or railway loaded with a mass of turf, which on arrival at the drying
grounds is either wheeled off and deposited to dry, or taken direct from the
stages and arranged on the drying grounds. By this process I shall be enabled
greatly to increase the supply of peat for manufacture, and at the same time
diminish the cost of obtaining it for the manufacture of fuel.
A NEW SYSTEM OF ORNAMENTING SKIN GLOVES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Honoré Felix
Camille Nicolet at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 15th February 1861.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE HONORE FELIX CAMILLE NICOLET, of Brussels, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW SYSTEM OF ORNAMENTING SKIN GLOVES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying lithographic or any other kind of
printing, either black alone, or of several colours, on leather or skins prepared
in the ordinary way for making gloves. The ornamental designs so printed
may be impressed either upon the hand or finger parts of gloves, or on both.
The patterns being previously drawn on or transferred to lithographic stones
of suitable size, are printed upon the leather or skins suitably prepared. I
use or employ lace and other open or similar fabrics for transferring patterns
or designs to lithographic stones, and printing such patterns or designs on the
skins or leather prepared for the purpose of making gloves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Owen Rowland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May
1861.
I, OWEN ROWLAND, of Wellington Road, Kentish Town, Electrician, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC
TELEGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in electric telegraphs. In
electric telegraphs in which the conducting wires are suspended in the air
these wires have hitherto usually been of iron coated with zinc, these wires
are however found to perish rapidly. To avoid the inconvenience and expense
thus resulting, I, according to my Invention, make the suspended conducting
wires of electric telegraphs of iron or steel wire, coated either with a mixture
of lead, antimony, and tin, or with a mixture of lead and antimony, or with
a mixture of lead and tin. Of these three compositions, I prefer to employ
that first named, the other two however may be beneficially employed. In
some cases the conducting wires of electric telegraphs are supported in the
air by banging them to strong wires strained between points, this arrangement
allowing the conducting wires to be hung in long spans without causing
injurious strain to fall on them.
According to my Invention, also, I make the supporting wires used in such
cases of iron or steel, coated as above.
I also employ iron or steel wire coated as above, to form the protecting
sheathing or covering of telegraph cables to be laid under water or buried
in the earth.
IMPROVE: NENTS IN COMPOSITIONS USED FOR LUBRICATING RAILWAY AND OTHER AXLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Webster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1861.
I, JOHN WEBSTER, of 64ª, Gloucester Street, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE:
NENTS IN COMPOSITIONS USED FOR LUBRICATING RAILWAY AND OTHER AXLES," to
be as follows:-
Hitherto the compounds or grease used for lubricating railway and other
axles have readily liquified when subjected to heat; this has given rise to the
use of winter and summer greases, that which is suitable for winter purposes
is too tender to stand the increased temperature of summer. Now, my
Invention consists in the production of a composition or grease which does not
nnelt or run on the application of heat even at very high ranges, and continued
for a long time. For these purposes I combine, by preference, at the rate of
4 lbs. of tallow, palm oil, or other suitable oil or fatty matter, with 10 lbs. of
ley, containing about of a lb. of caustic soda from 50 to 60 per cent.
strength. boil these matters briskly for about 1 hour or more until the whole
is reduced to 8 or 9 lbs., and is brought into that jellied state which is deno-
minated a "jell," the peculiarity of which is, that on any increased application
of heat it does not liquify or boil, but spirts out of the vessel. This state is
well known to soap boilers, and separately is not of my Invention; this pre-
paration, whether obtained as above explained or otherwise, I combine with
oleic acid or mixed oleic acid and stearic acid in the following manner:-When

page_text: a "jell" is produced, I gradually add about 1½ lbs. of oleic acid or mixed oleic
acid and stearic acid continuing the heat, and at the same time, constantly
stirring the mixture till the whole becomes a homogeneous mass.
will be found to be peculiarly adapted for use as a lubricating grease for
railway and other axles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clayton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1861.
I, WILLIAM CLAYTON, of Waterloo Road, in the City of Dublin, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in fire escapes relates to certain novel con-
trivances to be applied in constructing a machine intended to be used for the
purpose of enabling persons to escape from the windows or roofs of buildings
in case of fire.
My first improvement consists in the employment of a series of double
ladders, which may be elevated to the height of fifty-five feet or more inde-
pendent of any support from the walls of a building. These ladders are raised
by means of a single rope, which acts simultaneously upon them all, and is so
arranged by means of pullies as to raise the top ladder at double the rate of
speed acquired by the second ladder, so that at any intermediate height at
which the machine may reach a proportionate part of each ladder may be
developed.
The axle of the carriage wheels is also intended to be applied for the purpose
of a windlass or drum to raise the ladders by means of a single rope or chain.
A centre rail or elevated bar is adapted to the centres of each ladder to serve
as a guide for a cradle or fire escape along their upper surface. A trussed
handrail is also placed on each side of the upper surface of the ladders, to

page_text: serve as a protection to persons unaccustomed to the use of ladders. These
trussed handrails will also strengthen the structure, and will admit of using
a very light scantling of timber in constructing the machine.
A bottom frame or lower ladder is attached to the first ladder to enable two
men to elevate the machine to its required height. This bottom frame also
serves as a means of moving the machine to or from the building when in an
elevated condition, dwarf or small wheels being adapted to the bottom of the
machine to facilitate its movements.
A pair of triangular skeleton frames or wings, which fold out from the sides
of the bottom ladder, are employed to keep the machine steady while in use,
and the use of stay ropes to retain the machine in an upright position is
therefore not required.
A portion of the machine may be detached, so as to enable it to pass through
an opening of three feet or less on approaching a building with garden railings
in front.
Screens of wirework, metal, or uninflammable materials are to be attached
to any part or the whole of the machine, to prevent it from being injured by
fire during its use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Spencer and Edmund
Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Pétition,
on the 26th March 1861.
We, HENRY SPENCER, Agent, and EDMUND TAYLOR, Engineer, of Roch-
dale, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in grate bars in furnaces of steam boilers..
Where the fuel is surrounded with water, we construct the said bars in the
form of an arch, but should the water be above the furnace, we reverse the
said arch, by which method we gain greater heating surface, and thereby
effect a greater saving of fuel compared with the ordinary horizontal bars
heretofore used.
Another part of our Invention relates to flues in steam boilers, and consists
in placing barriers of a circular or other suitable form in or near the centre
of the flues, so that the heat may be better distributed on the surface of the
plates; the barriers to consist of segments, so that they can be removed for
cleaning the flues, and made from clay or other composition; also, to econo-
mise fuel, we place in the same flues vessels for heating water to supply the
boilers of the same, the said vessels to be made of metal, with a covering of
composition such as clay, lime, or plaster of Paris, or may be made entirely
from clay or other composition.

page_text: Another part of our Invention relates to the oiling of pistons and cylinders
in locomotive steam engines, and consists in a vessel for the lubricating
material and tubes to attach to the same to convey oil to the interior of the
pistons and cylinders. The said vessels and tubes have suitable plungers and
stop-cocks, and are fixed conveniently for the engineer or fireman, so that
when the steam is shut off and the piston in motion, by the aid of a lever or
other apparatus, they will be able to let any suitable quantity of oil pass down
the tubes to the pistons and cylinders without having to alight from the
engine.
Another part of our Invention relates to locomotive steam engines, and
consists in a stand or spring to be used as a balance, or otherwise, and so
fixed that the engineer can stand on the same, and if incapable of stopping the
engine through any cause, such as lightening, or other accident, or not standing
upon the said stand, the balance and spring will then operate on the stoppage
motion and shut off the steam; also on the said engines we fix bells, with
levers, springs, and catches attached, so that if the rails or points for the
engine to pass over be out of place, or any danger on the line, the levers,
springs, and catches will come in contact with other levers, springs, or other
suitable apparatus fixed on the line or permanent way, and thereby give
warning to the engineer and fireman, and thereby preventing accident to life
and property.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRUCKS OR WAGGONS USED POR CARRYING COALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pickstone at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January
1861.
I, WILLIAM PICKSTONE, of 32, York Street, Manchester, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRUCKS OR WAGGONS USED
POR CARRYING COALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in trucks or waggons used
for carrying coals. For these purposes, in constructing a coal truck or
waggon such as is used at collieries, a rectangular frame is made of T-iron or
angle iron to receive and have the bottom planking fixed thereto by bolts and
nuts, together with other pieces of angle iron. At the four angles of such
quadrangular frame four uprights of angle iron are fixed, to which uprights
the side and end plankings are secured by bolts and nuts. At the top of the
truck or waggon a rectangular frame of angle iron is used, which is fixed to
the four uprights, and when necessary there are other flat uprights to give
additional support to the side planking. In fixing the planks at the bottom,
they are simply held between the bottom frame of T-iron or angle iron and
short pieces of angle iron, which are fixed by bolts and nuts to the rectangular
frame which support the bottom planking, so that in the event of one or more
of the bottom or other planks becoming defective and requiring to be removed
and replaced, such defective planks may be moved without disturbing the
others.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING AND CRUSHING LIMESTONE AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bibbington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October
1861.
I, JOHN BIBBINGTON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Lime
Merchant,. do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING AND CRUSHING LIMESTONE AND OTHER HARD
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
It consists in certain variations in the arrangement and construction of
machinery for breaking and crushing limestone and other hard substances.
Three or more pairs of rollers are mounted in a strong frame capable of with-
standing the pressure arising from the resistance of the limestone or other
hard substance to be broken and crushed. In the annexed Drawing, A, A,
represents a pair of rollers, the cylindrical surfaces of which are armed with
steel bars placed parallel to the axis, and so arranged that the bars on one
roller correspond to the spaces formed by the bars on the other; B, B, another
pair of rollers, the cylindrical surfaces of which are fluted, corrugated, or con-
structed with points of a conical or pyramidal form, or a combination of these
forms; C, C, a third pair of rollers constructed in a similar manner to the
rollers B, B. When in use, motion is communicated to these rollers by strong
toothed wheels or friction wheels, which may be of the usual construction;
but when toothed wheels are used, they must be connected to the moving
power by means of friction apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE-BOXES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Macnair at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st December
1861. A communication from abroad by Davis Dotterer, of Chigago,
Illinois, United States of America.
I, ANDREW MACNAIR, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE-BOXES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of axle-
boxes for railway carriages of all descriptions, by which a great saving is
effected in the grease or oil used for lubricating the axles, the friction of the
axle on its bearing is very greatly diminished, and the movement of the
carriages is rendered much more easy. For the purpose of carrying out these
improvements, the journal of the axle is formed and shaped in the ordinary
manner, but instead of the usual bearing made of brass or other metal, a
strong hoop of iron, steel, or other suitable metal is made; this hoop is turned
or bored in the inside, so that the journal exactly fits into the shape in which
the hoop is bored; this hoop is four or five times in its inside diameter greater
than the external diameter of the journal, or it may be made of other pro-
portions if desired; the hoop is carried by and connected to the inside of the
axle-box by a metal wheel of suitable size, also turned on its outside to
the same shape and length as the shape and length of the journal, and this

page_text: metal wheel revolves freely on a pin of steel, or other metal of suitable strength
securely fixed into the axle-box. The axle-box is fixed and adapted to the
springs of the carriage in any known manner, and it slides freely in the "horn,
plates" by the grooves formed on its outside. The journal is kept steady in
the axle-box by means of guides formed on the inside end of the box, which
act as guides to the axle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REVOLVING AND MOVEABLE SURFACES APPLICABLE TO THE EXHIBITION OF ADVERTISEMENTS, SHOW CASES, TRANSPARENCIES, AND OTHER LIKE MATTERS AT FIXED STATIONS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Samuel Tucker and
Frederick Erskine Manners at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th October 1861.
EDWARD SAMUEL TUCKER and FREDERICK ERSKINE MANNERS, of No. 1,
Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REVOLVING AND
MOVEABLE SURFACES APPLICABLE TO THE EXHIBITION OF ADVERTISEMENTS, SHOW
CASES, TRANSPARENCIES, AND OTHER LIKE MATTERS AT FIXED STATIONS," to be as
follows:-
We construct large drums of timber, iron, zinc, canvas, glass, paper, papier
maché, vulcanite, zopisa, gutta percha, leather, and such like substances,
on the exterior surfaces of which we place advertisements, show cases,
patterns, and illustrated and illuminated devices of every description. We
make these large drums to revolve vertically or horizontally by the following
means: A pully or wheel containing grooves is fixed at one end of the
shaft or spindle working on centres, and running through the centre of the
drum, round which is passed a hempen or wire cord which has been previously
passed several times round a small barrel, drum, or wheel also fixed on spindles
working in plummer blocks, a small weight being attached to the end of this
cord to keep it tight. The other end of this cord is afterwards passed twice
over a second small barrel or wheel of a like description and fixed in the same
manner, and a heavy weight attached, which causing the second barrel or
wheel to revolve gives motion to the centre or large surface drum. The

page_text: first barrel or wheel is wound up by means of a handle or by drawing down
the small weight the speed is regulated by means of cog wheels divided into
different proportions. The motion may also be given by means of springs or
steam power. Secondly, we construct two, three, or more barrels or drums
over which we pass canvas, leather, or such like substances, and give motion
to the said drums and canvas by the same means as used in the first-named
Invention.
CERTAIN IMPROVED METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING AND REMOVING IMPURITIES. CONTAINED IN WATER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hahn Danchell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on. the 24th.
May 1861.
I, FREDERICK JAHN DANCHELL, of Red Lion Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVED METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING AND REMOVING IMPURITIES.
CONTAINED IN WATER," to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention consists in a method of enabling persons not
acquainted with analytical chemistry to ascertain whether any water intended
for domestic, manufacturing, agricultural, or other purposes contains im--
purities in solution, and if so, of what kind.
The second part consists in a method of removing or arresting such im--
purities when present.
The method which I adopt for the first part of my Invention consists in the
use of an apparatus containing standard solutions of prussiate of potash,
bichromate of potash, permanganate of potash, acetate of lead, baryta, caustic
lime, and chloride of zinc, in such proportions that by being added to any
water to be tested they effect a change in its appearance should impurities be:
present.
The method which I employ for the removal of impurities in water is by:
forcing the water by means of a force pump, or force pumps, through some
purifying medium, such as animal or vegetable charcoal, or other material
adapted for the purpose, in such a manner that the purified water shall be

page_text: discharged direct from the filtering apparatus, instead of as has hitherto been
proposed from the pump spout. I also apply for the said purpose, namely,
that of forcing the water through filters or filtering apparatuses, a pump so
constructed that the water is raised, or raised and forced by means of the
alternate contraction and expansion of a tube, bulb, or other vessel formed of
india-rubber, or other elastic material, or of similar tubes, bulbs, or other
vessels containing a metallic or other spring operated on by pressure.
The Invention further consists in a floating filtering vessel, for the purpose
of going alongside ships, or of buildings on or adjacent to the banks of rivers,
lakes, canals, or ponds, and supplying pure water by forcing the impure water
in which the apparatus floats, or that derived from any other convenient
source of supply, through the filtering medium contained in the vessel, by
means of pumps worked by steam, water, or hand power, or by other
mechanical powers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNAL APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE COLLISION OF TRAINS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th November
1861. A communication from abroad by Messrs. Auguste Lucien Vérité,
· Clockmaker, and Julien Stéphane Bazin, Proprietor, of 29, Boulevart
St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNAL APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE
COLLISION OF TRAINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to electrical apparatus intended to ensure the safety
of railway trains. These electrical apparatus are of two kinds; 1st, apparatus
placed on the line; & 2nd, apparatus to be placed near stations. The first
apparatus which is placed on the line is worked thus:-The locomotive or
tender in passing a signal disc oscillates a treadle or lever which turns the disc
to red and indicates the line blocked; at the same time the locomotive raises
a weight which prevents the treadle rising during the passage of the train
over the part of the line governed by the said treadle and disc. The disc
thus remains indicating line blocked until the train has arrived at the next
disc, there it again oscillates a second treadle which turns the second disc to
red, but here the movement of the disc establishes an electric or magnetic
current which controls the first disc and returns it to the indication of (line
clear). Thus all the discs being in communication with one another it is
easily known if a preceding train has cleared the distance between any two

page_text: discs. The second apparatus, which, as before mentioned, is placed near the
stations is intended to indicate throughout a sufficient range of that point in
what position the disc is which commands the entrance and exit of the station;
for this purpose a small repeating or controlling signal disc is placed in the
position in which it is wished to control the movements of the trains similar
to the discs herein-before described, and furnished with treadles worked by the
foot which serve the same as for the other signal posts to turn the controlling
disc. This apparatus is in electrical communication with the first discs of
entry and exit to the station, so that it repeats all their movements and which
is a counterpart thereof. Moreover it has a controlling action, as if the
disc of the line is white, & it is wished to ascertain a second time that it is
at white, the treadle is oscillated with the foot, the controlling disc will then
return to white by reason of the electrical communication. The action will
be the same if the disc be at red.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUSPENSION BRIDGES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIF TIUN left by Zeran
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th August
1861.
I, ZERAH COLBURN, of No. 15, Tavistock Street, Bedford Square, County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUSPENSION BRIDGES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the substitution in place of the ordinary flexible iron
or other chains, or the flexible wire cables of suspension bridges, of continuous
and rigid wrought iron or steel suspending bars, flanged or otherwise stiffened,
the axis of each of which is curved, as nearly as may be, to the catenary curve
corresponding to a wire of uniform diameter and weight, and suspended from
two points so as to have the same span and versed sine.
From these rigid curved bars the roadway, which may or may not have
stiffening trussing, in addition is suspended in the usual manner by vertical or
diagonal suspending rods or wires. The form of the curved suspending bars
may be best understood by comparing them to the arched ribs of a wrought-
iron arched bridge of ordinary construction, and by supposing such ribs to be
inverted, so as to hang from both ends with a tensile strain throughout, instead
of the compressive strain existing in arches exerting a thrust against abutments..
The ends of the curved suspending bars would be attached at the tops of the
two supporting towers at or next to the ends of the bridge, to back chains of

page_text: the ordinary kind, or to half bars of a construction and section like the main
suspending bars already described, such half bars or back chains being anchored
in the ground in the usual manner.
The object of the form and arrangement of parts which forms the subject of
this Invention is to avoid the undulation incidental to suspension bridges, and
to secure at the same time the most advantageous application of material, the
wrought iron or steel suspending members being subjected to tensile strains
only, and without any possibility of "buckling" or lateral failure to which
wrought or cast iron arches of considerable span are always more or less
liable.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF KILN FOR CALCINING LIMESTONE, GYPSUM, OR OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Courtois and Jerome
Ernest de Soulange at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th January 1861.
We, ALEXANDER COURTOIS, Architect, and JEROME ERNEST DE SOULANGE,
Gentleman, both of Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF KILN FOR CALCINING LIMESTONE,
GYPSUM, OR OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of this improved construction of kiln for calcining limestone,
gypsum, chalk, shells, and other similar substances is to allow a better diffusion
of the heat from the fuel to the materials to be calcined. This kiln is built by
preference of a truncated pyramidal shape, provided along its vertical axis
with an inner shaft or vertical flue of a cylindrical or an inverted truncated
form, which shaft or flue is to receive the materials to be calcined, and is lined
with fire-bricks. Towards the lower end of this flue or shaft the interior is
partly surrounded by an arched gallery with colonnade of fire-bricks or other
suitable fire-resisting material, these columns being set sufficiently far apart
for allowing the flames from the fuel to escape between them, and thus be
equally disseminated and act with regularity on the materials in the shaft.
Towards one or both ends of the gallery is situated a fire-grate, on which is
thrown the fuel for heating the kiln. Underneath this fire-grate is an ash-pit.
The grate and ash-pit are provided with iron doors, and at the lower end of the
shaft. or flue-is-an-opening for raking out-the-calcined materials.-The
materials to be calcined are thrown in the kiln at the top of the flue.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF GUTTA PERCHA
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Augustin Godefroy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd May 1861.
I, PETER AUGUSTIN GODEFROY, of 8, King's Mead Cottages, New North
Road, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Operative Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF GUTTA PERCHA," to be as follows:-
After gutta percha has been thoroughly masticated I proceed to apply,
while the gutta percha is in the masticator, from five to ten per cent., more or
less, of rosin in a semi-fluid state; this I amalgamate for an hour or more; it
is then fitted for all the purposes that gutta percha is now used for, and
preferable for insulating telegraph wires, is more durable, and a far better
non-conductor.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- .MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MOWING AND REAPING
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Statham and William
Statham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th March 1861.
We, JOSEPH STATHAM, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Blacksmith,
and WILLIAM STATHAM, of Openshaw, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
.MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MOWING AND REAPING," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to machinery for cutting, mowing, or reaping grass,
corn, and certain other agricultural produce; and the improvements consist,
first, in a novel form and description of framing of the machine, which is made
of, "angle iron," for the purposes of durability and lightness, instead of wood,
as hitherto employed in machinery employed for these purposes.
The second part of the Invention relates to the cutters, which are secured
beneath a horizontal bar, which have a traversing or reciprocating action given
to them by suitable gearing from the driving wheels, and which may be thrown
in and out of gear by "catch boxes" and levers. The knives or cutters.
traverse across spaces divided by vertical fingers or blades, and are secured
beneath a horizontal bar, so that the whole flat blade of the cutter has bearings.
upon the plate or bed beneath, which makes its action more steady than when
the knife is fixed above the bar, as at present. We also use fingers or blades

page_text: dividing the spaces much higher than usual; by which means the grass or
corn is better cut.
A third part of our Invention consists in two bent metallic bars or sledge-
like shoes, to which the bar of the cutters is attached, and which is supported
at a certain point above the axle instead of upon the axle, as usual, by which
means it is kept in more perfect contact with the ground, and is capable of
rising and falling with the inequalities of its surface more readily; this sledge
or shoe may be adjusted, and with it the cutting apparatus, to any required
height from the ground by extra pieces secured under it, or by means of
.& screw.
Fourthly, the improvement consists in the novel use of a blast of air pro-
duced by a fan and conducted by an air tube, the fan being worked from the
driving gearing, the tube to be in advance of the cutters to bring any grass or
corn not standing upright into a position to be cut. We also employ a single
bearing wheel or runner in front of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TILLING LAND BY STEAM POWER
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hensman, of Woburn, in the County of
Bedfordshire, and William Elensman, the younger, of Linslade, in the
County of Buckinghamshire, Agricultural Engineers, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TILLING LAND BY STEAM POWER."
Sealed the 14th February 1862, and dated the 31st August 1861.
PROVISIONAL
TION left by the said William Hensman and
William Hensman, the younger, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 31st August 1861.
We, WILLIAM HENSMAN, of Woburn, in the County of Bedfordshire, and
WILLIAM HENSMAN, the younger, of Linslade, in the County of Buckinghamshire,
Agricultural Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TILLING LAND BY STEAM POWER," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, of improvements in the windlass or apparatus
by which the motive power of the steam engine is communicated to the
ploughs or cultivators for tilling land; and, secondly, of improvements in
the cultivators or implements used for that purpose. The improved windlass
consists of a shaft frame on wheels, which carries a pair of drums (upon
which the traction rope is wound) revolving by means of pipe bushes upon

page_text: the main axlo; the outer rim of each drum is toothed. On cach sido of the
shaft frame there is an upright bracket to which a compound lever is
jointed. Above the drums there is a horizontal shaft having at one ond
a rigger to receive a band from the steam engine and two pinions which gear
into the toothed rims of the drums. This shaft works in bearings on the
levers before mentioned, the ends of which are connected to brakes acting
upon the drums. Each drum with its pinion, lover, and brake is independent
of the other.
The improvements in cultivators consist of a frame or carriage mounted on
travelling or furrow wheels and furnished with steering or guiding apparatus,
which frame carries two or more beams for the attachment of plough shares,
tines, or other cultivators, in such manner as to be adjustable to any required
width or depth of furrow. The ploughs and beams may be so arranged as
to be easily reversed at the end of each furrow by means of an universal
joint, or they may bo jointed to a central cross bar of the frame and their
binder ends supported by a balance lever. The ploughs may be of any of
the ordinary kinds, but we prefer to use an improved form of plough with
an adjustable coulter, turn over share and sliding shield to lay the furrow
slices all one way. The tines are two-edged either with or without cross
blades and have a dovetailed hole in the centre through which the stem
is passed and secured by a cross pin; the tines are held to the frame by
adjustable clamps which permit them to have any required inclination. These
cultivators are drawn by ropes winding upon the windlass, actuated by a steam
engine in the usual manner.
Year: 1861

page_text: sounded with a hot iron rod to ascertain if the nickel is reduced; after
which the remainder of the tin is passed through the charcoal, and the fused
mass is stirred constantly until the combination of the metals is complete;
when it is run into ingots or bars for use.
AN IMPROVED FORM OF COAL BOX COMBINING WITHIN ITSELF A CINDER SIPTER, AN ASH AND DUST PAN, AND RECEPTACLES FOR OTHER REQUISITES CONNECTED WITH DOMESTIC FIRE STOVES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Durrant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1861.
I, JAMES DURRANT, of Granville Terrace, Lewisham, in the County of Kent,
Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
FORM OF COAL BOX COMBINING WITHIN ITSELF A CINDER SIPTER, AN ASH AND
DUST PAN, AND RECEPTACLES FOR OTHER REQUISITES CONNECTED WITH DOMESTIC
FIRE STOVES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in forming a coal box or coal scuttle, the upper por-
tion of a truncated conical form with a lid on the top, by which the coal is
introduced or withdrawn. In a compartment underneath that in which the coal
is deposited is placed a gridiron bottom capable of being moved backwards and
forwards by means of a handle which projects; the outer front of this gridiron
slide is formed so as to cover the front of the compartment and render it dust-
tight; the cinders and ashes being placed on the slide, which acts as a shovel,
is inserted into the compartment, and noves backwards and forwards; the
ashes falling down into a lower compartment, the cinders remaining in the
gridiron shovel. Instead of the backward and forward motion a rocking or
oscillating motion may be given to the cinder sifter. The ashes passing from
the sifting chamber fall into a compartment beneath, which is also dust-tight,
and into a dust pan, when they may be removed at leisure; a portion of this
upper part of the coal compartment is separated by a partition, and in this
I place wood for fire lighting, brushes for stove polishing, matches, and
such like.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR TRANSPORTING LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND TRAINS FROM ONE LINE OF RAILS TO ANOTHER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Anderson Emery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
March 1861.
I, SAMUEL ANDERSON EMERY, of Arundel Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Comedian, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR TRANSPORTING LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND TRAINS
FROM ONE LINE OF RAILS TO ANOTHER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in arranging portable apparatus suitably constructed
for being readily put together and taken to pieces, and easily carried in the
guard's van or other suitable portion of the train, so as to be available in case
of any accident, slip, or other casualty blocking up one line of rails the trains
could be shifted on to the opposite line till the obstruction be removed, when
the crossing could be taken up and carried away, leaving the line of rails
perfect and fit for immediate traffic.
For the purpose of carrying out my Invention I make the points and
crossing of steel or iron of the best quality, so as to obtain the greatest amount
of strength with the minimum of weight, and I construct the point so as to fit
over the rail, the end where it unites with the rail being brought to a sharp
edge; the point is made to fit over the rail, and is affixed to it by suitable set
screws. The place where the outer rail crosses the inner rail is fitted so as to.
slip over and lodge on the rail, raising the same about one inch, or sufficiently.
to allow the flanges of the wheels to pass over the rail without touching. The
rails between the two lines, commonly known as the "six foot," are supported.
on suitably formed chairs of wood or iron or wood and iron combined, and they

page_text: are fixed to the chairs and to the rails of the railway by set screws of proper
size, or cramps with screws may be employed, such cramps being fixed to the
rails forming my. Invention if desired. The chairs supporting the rails may be
brought up to the proper height to meet the line of the rails by using suitable
chairs to which are attached screws, which screws work in the body of the
sleepers or plates so as to give the desired elevation to the rails. These plates
or sleepers may be supported by the ballast or in any other convenient manner.
The rails are retained in proper "gauge" by suitable tie rods or bars at
proper distances apart to prevent the rails springing when an engine or train
is crossing.
AN IMPROVED TRIGGER FOR GUN LOCKS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Frederick Halliday at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th.
January 1861.
I, MICHAEL FREDERICK HALLIDAY, of 4, Langham Chambers, Langham
Place, in the City of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TRIGGER
FOR GUN LOCKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that part of a gun lock denominated the trigger,
and has for its object the more accurate discharge of the contents of the
barrel. It is more particularly applicable and important for that class of guns
termed rifles, where great accuracy of effect is desirable. And my improve-
ment consists in giving to the trigger such a shape or form that will admit of
the pressure of the finger on the trigger for the purpose of releasing the
hammer being applied transversely to the barrel instead of parallel with it (as
with the ordinary trigger), by which arrangement the possibility of deviation
of the muzzle of the gun from the aim taken (which is found liable to occur
with the ordinary trigger) is nearly if not entirely prevented, and greater safety
from accidents in the ordinary use of the gun insured.