IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING OR SHAPING METALS OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philippe Hubert Klein, of Paris, Rue du Grand
Prieuré, No. 31, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR TURNING OR SHAPING METALS OR OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 15th May 1863, and dated the 18th November 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philippe Hubert Klein
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th November 1862.
I, PHILIPPE HUBERT KLEIN, of Paris, Rue du Grand Prieuré, No. 31,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING OR SHAPING METALS OR OTHER SUBSTANCES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of machinery, as hereafter
described, in combination with an ordinary turning lathe, for shaping metals
square or polygonal instead of round or oval as hitherto. The essential
feature in the Invention is the employment of a double-toothed rack for
regulating the angular shape or number of square or polygonal sides to be
produced, but the Invention will be best understood by reference to the
accompanying Drawings.
Figure 1 is a face view of a lathe, with the machinery constructed
according to my Invention for shaping metals and other articles applied to it;
Figure 2 is an end view, and Figure 3 is a plan of the same lathe; Figure 4
is a view of a portion of the platform for carrying the article to be cut,,
showing the double rack. In this view, which is drawn on a larger scale

page_text: than the other Figures, the platform proper is removed, so that the double
rack and hollow platform may be clearly seen.
A is the mandril shaft, of which M is the "puppet," the whole being firmly
secured to a wood or other bed G, G, G', G¹, in the ordinary manner; B is a
toothed wheel screwed on to the front end of the shaft A, and bearing against
the flange a.
On the wheel B a plate or rack frame P, P1, P11, is placed,
which receives the article to be cut or shaped. On the external plate P, P,
which is made of flat sheet metal, the double rack P, P", toothed externally
and internally, as shown in Figure 4, is fixed by screws or rivets, the same
screws or rivets unite the three pieces, the full plate, the hollow plate,
and between the two the rack. The teeth inside the rack gear into the
wheel B, and the external teeth gear into the wheel B¹; the number of teeth
in the wheels B, B', is calculated in such manner that while driving the racks
they do not themselves move in a contrary direction. The wheel B¹ is fixed
on a shaft D, carrying at the other end a wheel e', driven by a wheel c, and
as this wheel c is fixed on the shaft A, it follows that when the latter revolves
the wheels B, c, and e¹ revolve with them, the shaft of the wheel e¹ receiving
motion from the wheels c and e¹; E is a vertical band made of cast iron,
secured to the lathe bed, and arched at the rear with a branch projecting
from it having feet E', E', whereby it is secured to a bracket H, fitted to and
projecting from the front of the bed of the lathe to afford, the stability
necessary for supporting the foot E¹. During the motion of the plate P, P¹,
its edge continually presses against the guide E, E, while the rotation of the
wheel B causes the plate to press and be maintained against the guide, and at
the same time to cause it to move in the form of a parallelogram or square,
presenting each side successively. These portions of the plates P, P, and.
P₁, P¹, which project beyond the wheels B, B', form cheeks, which embrace
the pinions and prevent the plate P, P¹, from moving either to the right or to
the left in the direction of the axis of the shaft A, but only in the form of a
square, as before described. The pinion B' maintains the plate P, P¹, in the
same plane, while the pinion B causes it to move in the form of a square.
Thus when the plate P, P¹, is very small the pinion B¹ may be dispensed with,.
because its tendency to depart from its plane of motion is very slight. Where
the plates are large a roller, with two cheeks embracing the external edge of
the plate, may be substituted for the pinion B¹, and at the same time the
outer teeth of the rack P", P", and the pinions C and e³, and even the roller
may be dispensed with by placing two cheeks or projecting edges on the
vertical internal face of the guide E, E; p is a screw-threaded button for
fixing the parts when desired, but which are at certain times required to be

page_text: turned. Instead of the button, jaws, grippers, or other appliances may be
used. The shape of the article to be cut is determined by the form of the
rack and frame. The bed G, G¹, is hollowed out at the rear to the front of
the guide E, E,, so that the plate P, P¹, may pass by freely with the articles
it carries. On the opposite side of the guide the plate P, P¹, is maintained in
a vertical plane by two rollers F, F¹, one only of which is seen, supported by
lugs f, f, securely fixed to the bed G and G¹; I is a support or tool carrier
fixed at any suitable and convenient part of the bed in front of the plate P, P¹.
It may be fitted to a slide, and have its position adjusted by a screw..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Philippe Hubert Klein in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th May 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PHILIPPE
HUBERT KLEIN, of Paris, Rue du Grand Prieuré, No. 31, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS. Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Philippe Hubert Klein, Her special licence that. I, the said
Philippe Hubert Klein, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Philippe Hubert Klein, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING OR SHAPING
METALS OR OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Philippe Hubert Klein, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Philippe Hubert Klein, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
My Invention consists in the employment of machinery, as hereafter
described, in combination with an ordinary turning lathe, for shaping metals
and other substances, square or polygonal, instead of round or oval as
hitherto.
The Invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying
Drawings, Figure 1 of which is an elevation, partly in section, of the end of a
lathe, with machinery constructed according to my Invention applied thereto;
Figure 2 a longitudinal elevation of the same, and Figure 3 a face view of
the frame or carrier for carrying the article to be shaped, and of a guide in
which it turns, as hereafter explained.
The bed a of the lathe, with its puppet b, carries a guide c, in the thickness
of which is formed a groove d, in which a movable frame or carrier f works.
The guide c is free to slide on the bed a. The principal shaft g is threaded
at its extremity as in ordinary lathes, and carries a small pinion h held by a
screw-thread, and in gear with a toothed rack k on the interior of the frame f.
The frame thus bears against the guide c, and it carries small rollers i, i, to
facilitate its movement in the groove d. The rack k is rounded at the corners,
so that it may always be in gear with the pinion h, which drives it; it may
be cast in a piece with the frame f, or it may be cast separately and fixed to
it by screws. In the centre of the frame f is a socket j, threaded on the
inside for receiving the article to be shaped. This socket is supported by a
collar, held by two arms m, m, united by hinge-joints to a lever n connected
to a support o fixed to the frame of the guide c. The internal groove in the
guide c is interrupted at A, to allow of the passage of rollers i, i, when the
frame turns. The lever n rests upon a point p, projecting from the top of a
suspension puppet, which is arranged as follows:-A vessel q, containing water
or other liquid, carries at bottom a screwed rod r, which takes into a threaded
nuts, resting upon the frame of the puppet. An inverted vessel t descends
into the liquid in the vessel q to form a hermetic joint, aided by a socket u,
which is screwed on the upper part of the vessel q, and makes a stuffing box.
The lever n presses upon the point p, and causes the vessel t to descend in the
liquid in the vessel 9; the air held in the vessel t is thereby compressed in
such manner as to form a balance or equilibrium to the weight of the frame f,
and the object carried by it and under work. The pressure is regulated by
raising or lowering the vessel 9 by means of the nut s.
The arrangement just described is applicable to chuck lathes (tours en

page_text: l'air), that is to say, those lathes in which the article to be shaped is fixed on
the nose of the lathe, no back centre being required. When it is desired to
turn articles the length of which necessitates a back centre, I employ a parallel
lathe, with two similar puppets, one of which serves as a back centre to the
other.
Articles of round shape may be turned by the arrangement before
described, by removing the pinion h, and employing an ordinary turning tool.
The frame is maintained in a vertical plane during the working of the
machine by the pinion and by the cheeks of the rack, as well as by the
groove d, in such manner that upon being caused to slide in the groove by
means of the pinion h, which is fixed on the principal shaft, it presents the
several faces of the article being shaped successively to the cutting or shaping
tool.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the employ-
ment of machinery for shaping metal and other substances square or polygonal,
constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as herein-before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philippe Hubert Klein, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of May, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
CH. ARMENGAUD,
Civil Engineer,
Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23,
à Paris.
P. H. KLEIN. (L.S.)