Improvements in Electric Lamps or Lighting Apparatus.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Dec., 1888-Accepted, 12th Feb., 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in Electric Lamps or Lighting Apparatus.
I, CARL COERPER, of Ehrenfeld, near Cologne on the Rhine, in the Empire of
Germany, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:―
The subject of this invention is an electric arc lamp which can be operated either
by alternating currents or by a continuous current. The action of this improved lamp
and the special arrangement of the same are hereinafter described.
The current entering the lamp at the terminal a Figure 1, passes through the
insulated conductor b and the upper carbon c and from the latter to the lower
carbon d to form the arc from the lower carbon the current is conducted through
the lower carbon holder fand its guide rod g from the upper end of which it
passes through the conductor h to the solenoid and thence through the conductor k
to the terminal l. In the solenoid i (Figure 1) oscillates an iron core m which is
At its other end the
suspended from one end of a lever n pivotted upon the axis o.
lever n carries the air brake p whilst between the aforesaid axis o and air brake pa
draw-rod g is pivotted to the lever n. This draw-rod 9 is jointed at r to a frame 1.
This frame comprises a wheel-work and is arranged to turn with the latter upon an
axis s. Upon the axis s is loosely arranged a cord pulley A with which a ratchet-
wheel B is connected, whilst a large wheel C which carries a pawl D is fixed upon
the said axis s. This arrangement enables the carbon holders to be drawn apart in
order to insert carbons, the pawl D sliding upon the teeth of the ratchet wheel B,
whereas the approach of the carbons can be effected only when the large wheel C is
carried away by the cord pulley A. The aforesaid large wheel actuates a small brako
wheelt upon which the brake lever u cau act. This lever is secured to the movable
frame and can turn upon the fulcrum v, and its downward movement is at one
time limited by a projection or pin x on the bracket w and at another time by the
small brake wheel t.
If now a current is caused to pass through the lamp when the carbons are in contact
the core m of the aforesaid solenoid is drawn downwards so that the draw-rod q will
raise the frame and with the latter also the upper carbon, whilst the lower carbon
will be caused to descend at the same time. The cord pulloy A is held by the pawl D
of the large wheel C which cannot turn because the brake lever u will bear upon the
said brake wheel t as soon as the frame is lifted.
The solenoid i and the core m are so constructed that the latter will occupy the
desired position when a current of definite strength passes. Upon this therefore
depends the action of the brake lever u upon the brake wheel t, for it will be seen
that as the stop or pin x remains stationary whilst the brake lever u with the frame r³

page_text: and the brake wheel t is under the action of the core m, when the current is of the
desired strength a disengagement of the mechanism will be effected by the removal of
the brake-lever u from the brake wheel t. As moreover the movement of the core m
is not limited, the arc can be established again in the accidental displacement of the
carbons.
•
Whilst therefore the lamp establishes the arc, the brake lever u as soon as the
strength of the current decreases, is raised from the brake wheel t, the clockwork is
consequently disengaged and the arc is again adjusted to its normal length. This
action takes place with such great exactitude that fluctuations of more than ampère
in the current are excluded.
For the protection of the lamp mechanisin use is made of a casing E which is
secured by means of screw threads upon the plate F and is pressed firmnly against
the cover G so that the lamp mechanism will be protected as much as possible against
dust and moisture.
The conductor for the current is so arranged in the lamp that the casing, mechanism
and rods are not situated at any pole the current being conducted to the carbon holders
through metal pieces H H which are pressed by screws L L against the carbon
holders J and f and form one piece with each of the latter, whilst insulating pieces K K
which are made of incombustible material insulate the carbon holders from the rods
of the lamp and also keep the said holder in the centre. It will be seen that in this
arrangement every single part can be readily removed and replaced or exchanged and
that both poles are completely insulated from the body of the lamp.
The guide for the lower carbon holder is combined with the conductor for the
current in such a manner that the rod g passes through the bridge-piece M, is guided
by means of the insulating collar or sleeve N and insulated from the frame of the
lamp.
The upper carbon holder is fixed to the bridge-piece O which has a certain amount
of play, the carbon being held in the centre by an insulating disc P secured upon the
bridge piece M, so that it is impossible for the two carbons to pass each other.
The two insulating pieces P and N, which also serve as guides, are secured together
upon the bridge-piece M by means of a metal piece Q.
The bridge-piece M either forins a disc which is enamelled to serve as a reflector
or a special reflector R is fixed to the said bridge-piece as shown in the drawing.
The globe of the lamp is held at its lower end U by a swivel-piece T which is fixed
in the rod S. If the globe is raised a little, the said swivel piece T, one end of which
is heavier than the other, passes from its horizontal to its vertical position so that the
lamp can be taken down and put up again.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :
In an electric arc lamp.
First. The use in combination of the several particulars hereinafter numbered
respectively from 1 to 6 both inclusive and illustrated in the drawings annexed
hereto, viz. :-
1. The arrangement of the cord pulley A, which is firmly connected with the
toothed wheel B loose upon the axis s and the wheel C, which carries the
pawl D, fixed upon the said axis upon which the frame of the clockwork
moves.
2. The arrangement of the lever n, which is adapted to turn upon the axis o,
in such a manner that the movement of the core m of the solenoid is not
only transmitted to the draw-rod q but is also checked by an air-brake which is
fixed to the same lever.
3. For protecting the lamp mechanism, the arrangement of the casing E
which is put in its place from below and, by means of screw threads engaging
with corresponding screw threads on the plate F of the lamp, is firmly
pressed against the cover G.

page_text: 4. The arrangement of the carbon holders J and fin such a manner that they
are pressed by the screws L Lagainst the metal pieces H H which conduct
the current and the metal pieces gf I. L H H are held by the insulating
discs KK in the desired position, and are insulated from the body of the lamp.
5. The guiding of the lower carbon holder and the conducting of the current
to the same through the medium of the rod g which is arranged to slide
through the insulating sleeve N of the bridge-piece M.
6. The guiding of the upper carbon c by the insulating piece P which, together
with the insulating sleeve N is secured upon the bridge piece or disc M by
means of the metal piece Q.
Second. The construction of the bridge-piece M in the form of a disc which is
amelled below and serves as a reflector, or the fixing of a reflector R to the
idge-piece M.
Third. The arrangement of the swivel-piece T which maintains the globe U of
e lamp in its raised position, and one end of which is heavier than the other so that
e said swivel piece will pass automatically from the horizontal to the vertical position
en the globe is raised a little.
1000
BOT 1888.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Electric Lamps or Lighting Apparatus.
I, CARL COERPER, of Ehrenfeld, near Cologne on the Rhine, in the Empire of
Germany, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The subject of this invention is an electric arc lamp which can be operated either
by alternating currents or by a continuous current. The action of this improved lamp
and the special arrangement of the same are hereinafter described.
The current entering the lamp at the terminal a Figure 1, passes through the
insulated conductor 6 and the upper carbon c and from the latter to the lower
carbon d to form the arc from the lower carbon the current is conducted through
the lower carbon holder fand its guide rod g from the upper end of which it
passes through the conductor to the solenoid i and thence through the conductor k
to the terminal 1. In the solenoid i (figure 1) oscillates an iron core m which is
At its other end the
suspended from one end of a lever n pivotted upon the axis o.
lever n carries the air brake p whilst between the aforesaid axis o and air brake pa
draw-rod 9 is pivotted to the lever n. This draw-rod 9 is jointed at r to a frame r¹.
This frame comprises a wheel-work and is arranged to turn with the latter upon an
axis s. Upon the axis s is loosely arranged a cord pulley A with which a ratchet-
wheel B is connected, whilst a large wheel C which carries a pawl D is fixed upon
the said axis s. This arrangement enables the carbon holders to be drawn apart in
order to insert carbons, the pawl D sliding upon the teeth of the ratchet wheel B,
whereas the approach of the carbons can be effected only when the large wheel
carried away by the cord pulley A. The aforesaid large wheel actuates a small brake
wheelt upon which the brake lever u can act. This lever is secured to the movable
frame and can turn upon the fulcrum v, and its downward movement is at one
time limited by a projection or pin x on the bracket w and at another time by the
small brake wheel t.
is
If now a current is caused to pass through the lamp when the carbons are in contact
the core m of the aforesaid solenoid is drawn downwards so that the draw-rod g will
raise the frame and with the latter also the upper carbon, whilst the lower carbon

page_text: will be caused to descend at the same time. The cord pulley A is held by the pawl D
of the large wheel C which cannot turn because the brake lever u will bear upon the
said brake wheel t as soon as the frame is lifted.
The solenoid i and the core m are so constructed that the latter will occupy the
desired position when a current of definite strength passes. Upon this therefore 5
depends the action of the brake lever u upon the brake wheel t, for it will be seen
that as the stop or pin remains stationary whilst the brake lever u with the frame r
and the brake wheel t is under the action of the coro m, when the current is of the
desired strength a disengagement of the mechanism will be effected by the removal of
the brake-lever u from the brake wheel t. As moreover the movement of the core m
is not limited, the arc can be established again in the accidental displacement of the
carbons.
Whilst therefore the lamp establishes the arc, the brake lever u as soon as the
strength of the current decreases, is raised from the brake wheel t, the clockwork is
consequently disengaged and the arc is again adjusted to its normal length. This 1
action takes place with such great exactitude that fluctuations of more than ampère
in the current are excluded.
For the protection of the lamp mechanism use is made of a casing E which is
secured by means of screw threads upon the plate F and is pressed firmly against
the cover G so that the lamp mechanism will be protected as much as possible against
dust and moisture.
The conductor for the current is so arranged in the lamp that the casing, mechanism
and rods are not situated at any pole the current being conducted to the carbon holders
through metal pieces H H which are pressed by screws L L against the carbon
holders J and fand form one piece with each of the latter, whilst insulating pieces K K
which are made of incombustible material insulate the carbon holders from the rods
of the lamp and also keep the said holder in the centre. It will be seen that in this
arrangement every single part can be readily removed and replaced or exchanged and
that both poles are completely insulated from the body of the lamp.
The guide for the lower carbon holder is combined with the conductor for the
current in such a manner that the rod g passes through the bridge-piece M, is guided
by means of the insulating collar or sleeve N and insulated from the frame of the
lamp.
The upper carbon holder is fixed to the bridge-piece O which has a certain amount
of play, the carbon being held in the centre by an insulating disc P secured upon the
bridge piece M, so that it is impossible for the two carbons to pass each other.
The two insulating pieces P and N, which also serve as guides, are secured together
upon the bridge-piece M by means of a metal piece Q.
The bridge-piece M either forms a disc which is enamelled to serve as a reflector
or a special reflector R is fixed to the said bridge-piece as shown in the drawing.
The globe of the lamp is held at its lower end Û by a swivel-piece T which is fixed
in the rod S. If the globe is raised a little, the said swivel piece T, one end of which
is heavier than the other, passes from its horizontal to its vertical position so that the
lamp can be taken down and put up again.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :
In an electric arc lamp.
First. The arrangement of the cord pulley A, which is firmly connected with the
toothed wheel B loose upon the axis s and the wheel C, which carries the pawl D,
fixed upon the said axis upon which the frame 1 of the clockwork moves.
Second. The arrangement of the lever n, which is adapted to turn upon the axis o, in
such a manner that the movement of the core m of the solenoid is not only trans-
mitted to the draw-rod q but is also checked by an air-brake which is fixed to the same
lever.
Third. For protecting the lamp mechanism. the arrangement of the casing E which

page_text: is put in its place from below and, by means of screw-threads engaging with corre-
sponding screw threads on the plate F of the lamp, is firmly pressed against the
cover G.
Fourth. The arrangement of the carbon holders J and in such a manner that
they are pressed by the screws L L against the metal pieces H H which conduct the
current and the metal pieces gf L LHH are held by the insulating discs K K in
the desired position, and are insulated from the body of the lamp.
Fifth. The guiding of the lower carbon holder and the conducting of the current
to the same through the medium of the rod g which is arranged to slide through the
insulating sleeve N of the bridge-piece M.
Sixth. The guiding of the upper carbon c by the insulating piece P which, together
with the insulating sleeve N is secured upon the bridge piece or disc M by means
of the metal piece Q.
Seventh. The construction of the bridge-piece M in the form of a disc which is
enamelled below and serves as a reflector, or the fixing of a reflector R to the
bridge-piece M.
Eighth. The arrangement of the swivel-piece T which maintains the globe U of
the lamp in its raised position, and one end of which is heavier than the other so that
the said swivel piece will pass automatically from the horizontal to the vertical position
when the globe is raised a little.