IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND PULVERIZING STONE AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Baldwin, of Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, Builder and Contractor, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND PULVERIZING STONE AND OTHER SIMILAR
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 7th July 1876, and dated the 22nd February 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Baldwin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1876.
THOMAS BALDWIN, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Builder and
Contractor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND PULVERIZING
STONE AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to that class of machines used for crushing and pulverizing
stone and other similar substances in which the material is crushed between jaws,
to one or both of which an oscillating or "rocking" motion is given. These jaws
usually operate in a more or less vertical position, and the material to be broken or
crushed is inserted or fed between the top ends of the said jaws, at which point
the space or opening is wider than at the lower end. The space at the lower end is
adjustable, and determines the size to which the material is to be broken or crushed.
The wear and tear on the crushing surfaces of these jaws is necessarily great and
irregular, and after a short period of use it is found that they cannot be relied
upon to produce sand or fine powder of sufficiently uniform consistency. Now my
Invention is designed to obviate this difficulty, for which purpose I combine with
the crushing jaws of the stone breaker pulverizing rollers, apparatus for actuating
the same, and means for conducting the partially treated material from the crushing
jaws to the pulverizing rollers, which latter I so arrange in relation to the crushing
jaws as that they (the rollers) shall be caused to receive and powder the crushed
material as it leaves the jaws. The rollers are mounted in suitable bearings, and
may be driven directly from the machine shaft or independently, and from the
foregoing description it will be understood that according to my Invention the
rollers are arranged in such a manner as to receive the material to be pulverized
directly from the jaws of the machine without its being necessary in any way to
handle the crushed stone between the two operations it has to undergo in the
combined apparatus.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Thomas Baldwin in the Great Seal Patent Office ou the 12th August
1876.
THOMAS BALDWIN, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Builder and
Contractor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND PULVERIZING
STONE AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to that class of machines used for crushing and pulverizing
stone and other similar substances in which the material is crushed between jaws
to one or both of which an oscillating or "rocking" motion is given. These jaws
usually operate in a more or less vertical position, and the material to be broken or
crushed is inserted or fed between the top ends of the said jaws, at which point
the space or opening is wider than at the lower end. The space at the lower end
is adjustable, and determines the size to which the material is to be broken or
crushed. The wear and tear on the crushing surfaces of these jaws is necessarily
great and irregular, and after a short period of use it is found that they cannot be
relied upon to produce sand or fine powder of sufficiently uniform consistency.
Now my Invention is designed to obviate this difficulty, for which purpose I
combine with the crushing jaws of the stone breaker pulverizing rollers, apparatus
for actuating the same, and means for conducting the partially treated material
from the crushing jaws to the pulverizing rollers, which latter I so arrange in
relation to the crushing jaws as that they (the rollers) shall be caused to receive
and powder the crushed material as it leaves the jaws. The rollers are mounted in
suitable bearings, and may be driven directly from the machine shaft or inde-
pendently, and from the foregoing description it will be understood that according
to my Invention the rollers are arranged in such a manner as to receive the material
to be pulverized directly from the jaws of the machine without its being necessary
in any way to handle the crushed stone between the two operations it has to
undergo in the combined apparatus.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a stone-
breaking machine, shewing the pulverizing rollers arranged in connection therewith;
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same; and Fig. 3, an end elevation.
The same letters of reference are applied to like parts in all the views.
A represents a stone-breaking machine (of the Marsden form) of which a, a¹,
indicate the positions of the crushing jaws (shewn in dotted lines). The material
to be crushed is inserted or fed between the top ends of the jaws at 1, and leaves
them at the lower end 2, falling along the guide box or trough B on to and between
the two crushing rollers C and C¹. These rollers C and C¹ revolve in opposite
directions, as indicated in Fig. 1 by small arrows, motion being given to one of the
rollers by means of the strap or belt d and the pulley e upon the shaft f.
Upon the other end of the shaft f is a toothed wheel g, which gears into another
toothed wheel g¹ upon the shaft f¹ of the roller C. The toothed wheel g¹ contains
a greater number of teeth than the wheel g, thereby causing the roller C to revolve
at a slower speed than the roller C¹. This variable speed of the rollers prevents
their crushing surfaces from becoming clogged with any pulverized material which
might adhere thereto, for as the one surface moves at a quicker rate of speed than
the other a grinding" effect is produced which also keeps the peripheries of the
rollers round and true. The rollers rotate in bearings, journals, or pedestals of
suitable construction which rest upon and may be fitted to a bed plate or frame of
metal, or mounted in such a manner as may be found most convenient. Means
are provided whereby the pedestals are adjustable so that the rollers may be set at
a greater or less distance from each other, according to the consistency of the sand
or other pulverized material to be produced.
"
One means of adjusting the position of the rollers relatively to each other
consists in providing the pedestals or journals of one of the rollers with screws
working horizontally through brackets cast on the frame to which the pedestals are

page_text: secured, so that the pedestals may be caused to slide along on the frame in either
direction by turning the screws, each of which is provided with a back nut to
prevent its shaking loose.
Instead of the material as it leaves the crushing jaws of the stone-breaker being
arranged to fall directly upon the rollers it may sometimes be found desirable to
place them in a position, as regards the stone breaker, different from that shewn in
the Drawing, in which case it may be found necessary to employ other ineans of
conducting the material to be pulverized from the jaws to the rollers in place of
the guide box or trough B previously described and shewn in the Drawing; as, for
instance, an endless apron or a chain and bucket arrangement.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing it, I wish it to be understood that I lay no claim either to the stone
breaker or to the crushing rollers, or to the guide box or trough, or its equivalent,
when taken separately and apart from the combination or application thereof in
manner and for the purposes herein set forth, but that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is, the combination of parts forming the
improved machine for breaking or crushing and pulverizing stone and other similar
substances, constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Baldwin, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Tenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six.
THOMAS BALDWIN. (L.S.)