IMPROVE- MENTS IN PROTECTING OR PRESERVING THE SILVERING OR QUICKING ON GLASS AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS VESSELS FOR SILVERING OR QUICKING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,.
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROTECTING OR PRESERVING THE SILVERING OR QUICKING ON GLASS
AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS VESSELS FOR SILVERING OR QUICKING."-
A communication from abroad by Joseph Jules Anthoine and François
Etienne Hyppolite Brossette, both of Paris, France.
Sealed the 12th December 1863, and dated the 16th June 1863:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou
the 16th June 1863.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City. of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING OR PRESERVING THE SILVERING OR QUICKING ON
GLASS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS VESSELS FOR SILVERING OR QUICKING,"
to be as follows:---
This Invention consists in preserving the silvering or quicking applied on
glass and objects made of silvered or quicked glass, such as globes, light
reflectors, perfumery bottles and jars, lamp reservoirs, inkstands, and others,
by means and in manner hereafter stated..
The first means consist in applying on the silvering or quicking a coating of
a composition formed of gutta percha or caoutchouc dissolved in essence of
turpentine in a water bath. To this solution I add colophany or other gum

page_text: As soon
to constitute a species of varnish without oil. When this coating is dry I
cover it with a coat of glue mixed with whiting infused with water.
as this last coat is dry I cover it with carriage varnish. The first coat with
gutta percha or caoutchouc preserves the silvering and protects it from damp
and from the atmosphere. Instead of gutta percha, I sometimes use a milk of
wax composed of essence of turpentine and white wax. The object of this
coating of glue is to cause the coating of varnish last applied to harden
rapidly.
To preserve by the means just described the silvering in receivers or vessels
for containing liquid, I apply a coating of gutta percha or caoutchouc dissolved
in turpentine rectified and filtered, and of the consistence of varnish, on the
silvering, as above described. As soon as dry I pour into the vessel a composition
of plaster tempered with water or Portland cement, and then turn the vessel to
allow the excess of the composition or cement to run off. When the plaster is
dry I apply a coat of strong gum water, or I apply on the solution of gutta
percha or caoutchouc when dry an artificial enamel composed of fine plaster and
gum water; this composition dried under a gentle stove heat acquires the
hardness of stucco. Sometimes I apply upon the dry plaster a coat of silicate
of potash mixed with sulphate of baryta, which once dry forms a regular
porcelain. In some cases I apply upon the plaster a coat of glue mixed with
zinc white (oxide of zinc). When dry I apply over it a solution of chloride
of zinc obtained from zinc shavings dissolved in hydrochloric acid as much as
it can dissolve. The preparation should be allowed about eight days to
become formed, then I boil it and reduce it under heat to the consistence of
varnish and pour it into the vessel; this solution fixes upon the oxide of zinc
and forms an insoluble metallic enamel. When the vessels are intended to
hold ink I add a last coat of wax dissolved in turpentine to prevent the metallic
enamel from coming in contact with and thickening the ink.
The improvements in the manufacture of glass vessels for silvering or
quicking, especially applicable for reservoirs and stands of petroleum and other
lamps, inkstands, and perfumery bottles and jars, consist in making them with
an inner containing vessel formed when blowing the glass by drawing in or
aspiring instead of blowing out or expelling the air, whereby an inner vessel is
drawn into the vessel produced by blowing. The whole is formed with only a
single aperture at the foot for the introduction of the silvering or quicking,
whereby the inner face of the outer vessel and the outer face of the containing
vessel are silvered or quicked, while the liquid placed in the containing vessel
cannot come in contact with the silvering or quicking. I stop and close the
-aperture and cover it with the metallic enamel before described, and silver it

page_text: Before closing the aperture, in order to fully preserve the silvering or
quicking, if desired I introduce a solution of the gutta percha or caoutchouc
varnish; when dry I pour in the artificial enamel and dry it under gentle
stove heat. It is well in some cases to add to the varnish a little zinc white
or white lead. The glass stands may be formed in a separate piece from the
vessel and afterwards united by cement or otherwise.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th December 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING OR PRESERVING THE
SILVERING OR QUICKING ON GLASS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS VESSELS POR
SILVERING OR QUICKING," (communicated to me from abroad by Joseph Jules
Anthoine and François Etienne Hyppolite Brossette, both of Paris, France,)
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Archibald
Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in preserving the silvering or quicking applied on
glass and objects made of silvered or quicked glass, such as globes, light
reflectors, perfumery bottles and jars, lamp reservoirs, inkstands and others,
by means and in manner hereafter stated.
As soon as this
The first means consist in applying on the silvering or quicking a coating of
a composition formed of gutta percha or caoutchouc dissolved in essence of
turpentine in a water bath. To this solution I add colophany or other gum, to
constitute a species of varnish without oil. When this coating is dry I cover it
with a coat of glue mixed with whiting infused with water.
last coat is dry, I cover it with carriage varnish. The first coat with gutta
percha or caoutchouc preserves the silvering, and protects it from damp and
from the atmosphere. Instead of gutta percha, I sometimes use a milk of
wax, composed of essence of turpentine and white wax. The object of this
coating of glue is to cause the coating of varnish last applied to harden rapidly.
To preserve by the means just described the silvering in receivers or vessel
for containing liquid, I apply a coating of gutta percha or caoutchouc dissolved
in turpentine rectified and filtered, and of the consistence of varnish, on the
silvering, as above.described. As soon as dry I pour into the vessel a compo-
sition of plaster tempered with water or Portland cement, and then turn the
vessel to allow the excess of the composition or cement to run off. When the
plaster is dry I apply a coat of strong gum water, or I apply on the solution of
gutta percha or caoutchouc, when dry, an artificial enamel composed of fine
plaster and gum water; this composition dried under a gentle stove heat
acquires the hardness of stucco. Sometimes I apply upon the dry plaster a
coat of silicate of potash mixed with sulphate of baryta, which once dry forms a
regular porcelain. In some cases I apply on the silvering or quicking a varnish
composed of gum lac and resin dissolved in amylic alcohol or in alcohol of
commerce marking 40°, in or about the proportion of 7 parts by weight of
alcohol to 1 part of resin and 2 parts of gum lac. To facilitate the dissolving
I pulverize the resin and gum lac; the mixture is allowed to infuse for 24
hours. To preserve the silvering or quicking on the interior of vessels or
receivers by the varnish just described, it is poured into the vessels, which are
turned in such manner that the varnish may run over the whole of the interior
surface; the excess is then poured out. The vessels are next placed for about
an hour in a stove heated to a temperature of about 120° Fahrenheit, when the
varnish will acquire the hardness of enamel. To render it still more durable

page_text: it may receive a coating of paint composed of red lead and red ochre mixed in
linseed oil with some essence, and dried under a gentle heat. In some cases I
apply upon the plaster a coat of glue mixed with zine white (oxide of zinc);
when dry I apply over it a solution of chloride of zinc, obtained from zinc
shavings dissolved in hydrochloric acid as much as it can dissolve; the prepa-
ration should be allowed about eight days to become formed'; then I boil it
and reduce it under heat to the consistence of varnish, and pour it into the
vessel. This solution fixes upon the oxide of zinc and forms an insoluble metallic
enamel. When the vessels are intended to hold ink, I add a last coat of wax
dissolved in turpentine to prevent the metallic enamel from coming in contact
with and thickening the ink.
The improvements in the manufacture of glass vessels for silvering or quicking
are especially applicable for reservoirs and stands of petroleum and other lamps;
inkstands, and perfumery bottles and jars.
The improvements cousist in forming in a glass vessel or receiver A (sec
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings) an inner containing vessel B.
The junction of the two vessels A and B is formed by suction, that is to say, that
after having formed and blown the outer vessel, the workman applies a piece of
glass to the mouth thereof, and presses the centre of it slightly inwards. He
then draws in or aspires at the end of his blowing tube, whereby an inner vessel
is formed of the size required. I apply the silvering or quicking to the inner
face of the outer vessel, and the outer face of the inner vessel as hereafter
described. I form the glass stands of the lamps hollow, and apply thereto onc
of the varnishes and the siccative oil before described, and after having closed
the aperture of the outer vessel by a piece of cork or other suitable material II,
I seal the stand thereto with cement I, tempered with weak gum water, and
cover the joint with a collar J. The lamp and stand have thus the appearance
of being in one piece. The stand C of the lamp (Figure 1) or the bottom of
the moveable vessel (Figures 3 and 5) may be closed either at bottom or at
top. When closed at bottom there is a small hole D, Figures 1 and 4, through
which the silvering or quicking is introduced; the inner face of the outer
vessel, and the, outer face of the containing vessel are thus silvered or quicked,
while the liquid in the containing vessel does not come in contact with the
silvering or quicking. In the other case the bottom of the vessel (Figure 5)
is closed by a plate C united by cement or otherwise; or the two vessels A
and B (Figure 3) are blown separately, and afterwards united by cement or
otherwise. The junction is concealed by a piece of metal F, which in ink-
stands, perfumery bottles, and similar articles may be hinged to the top or
cover as shown.

page_text: To fully preserve the silvering or quicking, I introduce before closing the
hole D, or uniting the bottom C, a solution of the gutta percha or caoutchouc
varnish before described, or I apply a coating of the gum lac varnish before
described; I then pour in a mixture of fine cement and gum water, and dry
at a gentle heat in a stove or otherwise. It is well in some cases to add to the
varnish a little zinc white.or white lead.
:
For the purpose of decorating my improved vessels I apply under heat to
the inner face of the glass a coating of paint or varnish of any desired, color.
For the color of coral, for instance, the paint or varnish may be composed of
10 parts of resin, 20 parts of yellow or unbleached wax, 3 parts of essence of
turpentine, and 20 parts of vermilion.
1
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,
First, protecting or preserving the silvering or quicking on glass by the
means and in manner herein-before described.
Second, manufacturing glass vessels for silvering or quicking with an inner"
containing vessel, as herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, whereby the liquids in the inner containing vessel cannot come in
contact with the silvering or quicking.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of December, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.