boilers, condensers, and various other heating and cooling apparatus
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 28th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 26th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 27th May, 1887.
I, ARTHUR GEORGE MEEZE of Redhill in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention, which is applicable as an improvement to boilers, condensers, and
various other heating and cooling apparatus, consists of a device whereby I systema-
tically avail myself of certain physical laws and so utilize every square inch of heating,
cooling or condensing surface to a degree not hitherto attained in apparatus having
the same or similar objects in view.
To make the nature of my invention quite clear I will here first explain the
physical principal by which I have been guided in the invention of my heating and
cooling apparatus.
Generally speaking the object of the various devices in use for purposes akin to
those I have before me is to effect a rapid exchange of heat between bodies-mostly
fluids separated by a metallic or other good heat conducting partition. Sometimes
the object is to transfer the heat from a more or less rapidly passing current of heated
products of combustion to the comparatively stationary water of a boiler. Sometimes
the object is to cause the heat of a furnace to be transferred to a current of fluid
passing through pipes or retorts for heating, superheating, or thermolytic purposes,
while at other times the object is the converse of this; namely to remove excess of
beat, as in condensing and cooling apparatus.
In all these cases there is on one side at least of some partition (pipe retort or the
like) a current of hot or cold fluid which it is desired shall either give heat to or take
heat from the partition and thence to or from the body in contact with the other side
thereof. Now in order that a current of fluid shall act most efficiently in effecting the
transference of heat to or from the surfaces with which it is brought in contact, it is
necessary that every part of such fluid be made repeatedly to impinge thereon with
considerable velocity and as nearly as may be at right angles. An ordinary shower
bath affords a partial illustration of the effect at which I aim; but in order to fully
carry out in practice the principle of direct and repeated impact which I regard as a
characteristic feature of my invention I make use of a device described herein-below
as a "radial deflector. " The construction and arrangement of this deflector may vary
P1171

page_text: considerably with the design of the apparatus to which it is adapted. Broadly
speaking, however, I construct my apparatus by inserting in the pipe, tube, retort, or
flue &c. through which the fluid to be heated or cooled is passed, a series of "deflectors"
each consisting anteriorly of. an annular tight fitting ring and posteriorly of a dise
suitably attached to the said ring by lugs, or otherwise so placed in juxtaposition
therto as to provide an outer annular space, as near as may be to the surface of the
enclosing chamber, for the escape of the fluid. The action of the ring is to temporarily
divert the peripheral portion of the fluid current from the sides of the chamber and
to cause it to intermix with the central core which would otherwise be comparatively
unaffected. After this the direct forward motion of the fluid is arrested by the central
obstructing disc, against which the whole impinges, and then spreads out radially into
a sheet whose particles strike the enclosing surface directly at right angles, and thus
act in the most efficient way for effecting a transference of heat. For some purposes
the sheets of deflected fluid may be preferably broken up into fine streams, by causing
them to pass through slots or perforations arranged in that part of the deflectors that
is concentric with the retort, pipe &c. into which they are inserted.
The annular ring and central disc forming the principal elements of my deflecting
device may be made in separate pieces and of a shape-circular square or otherwise-
to suit the section of the pipe, flue, retort &c., to which it is adapted: but, generally,
I prefer to unite by suitable lugs each central disc with one annular ring, and it is the
element of apparatus thus constructed to which I give the name "radial deflector." I
wish it to be understood that I do not bind myself to this special construction of
"deflector," but for most purposes I generally prefer it because of its practical
convenience. In order that the deflectors may not exert any choking effect, I place
them at suitable distances apart and I contrive them so that the area of the central or
inlet space of the ring, the area of the escape space between the ring and the disc,
and the area of the annular space between the disc and the surrounding retort, flue,
&c. are all equal.
may
In the application of my invention to the improvement of boilers I
take any
boiler of approved construction and insert in the flues thereof a convenient complement
of deflectors, but I prefer to use boilers of the tubular construction. Instead however
of using a large number of small tubes I give the preference to a small number of
large tubes or Hues, as these when filled with my radial deflectors are equally efficient
steam generators, while they cost less to fit up and are quite free from the troubles
usually incidental to multitubular boilers. In boilers fitted with Galloway tubes I may
insert deflectors into these tubes so as to compel the current of water therein to strike
their heated sides. My invention may be readily adapted to most existing boilers,
whether of the vertical or horizontal construction. It may also be adapted to conical
flues &c. with the same case as to those of cylindrical form.
Retorts or pipes for superheating and thermolytic purposes when filled with my
deflectors have a vastly increased efficiency, and the same may be said of tubular
condensers; for the current of fluid instead of being hurried along with a central core
comparatively unacted upon is compelled repeatedly to strike the enclosing surface-
hot or cold as the case may be in fine streams at right angles, all the parts of the
fluid thus become pretty well intermixed and of uniforin temperature.
Dated thin orth dose of I.1 1000

page_text: I, ARTHUR GEORGE MEEZE of Redhill in the County of Surrey, Consulting Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention, which is applicable as an improvement to boilers, condensers, and
various other heating and cooling apparatus, consists of a deflecting device whereby I
systematically avail myself of certain physical laws connected with the transference of
heat to or from fluids moving in contact with heated or cooled rigid surfaces, and
whereby I am enabled to increase the heating cooling or condensing effect of the said
surfaces to a degree never before attained in apparatus having the same or similar
objects in view.
To make the nature of my invention quite clear, I will here first define the general
principles of construction, and then explain the physical considerations by which I
have been guided in the invention of my apparatus.
i
Speaking generally, the various devices in use for purposes akin to those I have
before me are intended to effect a rapid and efficient exchange of heat between bodies,―
mostly fluids, separated by suitable partitions,-which, where practicable, are made
of metal or other good heat conducting substance.-Sometimes, the object is to transfer
the heat from a more or less rapidly passing current of heated products of combustion
to the comparatively stationary water of a boiler.-Sometimes the object is to cause
the heat of a furnace to be transferred to a current of fluid passing through pipes or
retorts for heating, superheating, or thermolytic purposes; while at other times the
object is the converse of this, namely, to remove excess of heat, as in condensing and
cooling apparatus. In all these cases, it will be observed there is, on one side at least,
of some partition,-pipe, retort, or the like,- -a current of hot or cold fluid, which it is
desired shall either give heat to, or take heat from the partition, and thence to or
from the body in contact with the other side thereof.-Now, I have found, and this is
the most essential feature of my invention,--that in order that a current of fluid shall
act most efficiently in effecting the transference of heat to or from the surfaces with
which it is brought in contact, it is necessary that every part of such fluid be made
repeatedly to impinge thereon with considerable velocity, and as nearly as may be at
right angles. It is not sufficient that the fluid should merely slide along, or hug,
the surface in fine streams, as in the well known invention of Thomas Steven Lindsay,
described in the specification of his British Letters Patent No. 6938, of 1885.-For
the most part fluids, and particularly gases, are not only bad conductors, but equally
very bad radiators and absorbers of heat, and are therefore not effectively cooled or heated
by inter-molecular action, or by radiation to or from contiguous surfaces. Nothing
is operative but contact, and I have found that the kind of contact which is practically
valuable can only be obtained by impact, because the surfaces themselves often appear
"

page_text: to exercise a repulsive effect on the adjacent molecules of the fluid, similar to the action
of the particles of fluid on one another, or because of some other reason.
In order to carry out in practice the principle of direct and repeated impact, which
I regard as the characteristic feature of my invention, I employ a device described
hereinbelow as a "Deflector," by which I provide a great number of auxiliary surfaces,
so disposed and arranged as to suffer continuous and repeated bombardment, molar
and molecular, by the particles of the passing current of fluid, while at the same time
they radiate heat to, or absorb heat from, the sides of the pipe flue retort, etc., into
which the "Deflector" is inserted.-The form, construction, material, and arrangement
of this "Deflector" may vary with the design and special objects of the apparatus to
which it is adapted.
In the accompanying drawings herein-below described, I have illustrated various
means devised by me for carrying my invention into practical effect.
Like letters refer to similar parts wherever they occur.
In its primitive and most elementary form, my apparatus consists of two sections or
parts, see fig. 5, viz., (1) a deflecting annulus, a, against which a portion of the fluid
impinges and is diverted, and (2) a succeeding portion d so contrived and arranged in
juxtaposition with the annulus by means of lugs 1, 1, or otherwise, as to provide a
surrounding escape space, s, and a central impact disc d, against which that part of the
fluid current not otherwise diverted by the annulus is compelled to impinge before
finally escaping to the next deflector.
Figs. 1 to 5 illustrate the above elementary form of my deflecting device as adapted
to circular pipes, tubes, flues or retorts.-Fig. 1 is a section, and fig. 2 a face view, of
ong of the deflecting annuluses a. Fig. 3 is a face view, and Fig. 4 a section, of one
of the central or impact discs d provided with legs or lugs 1, 1, - for supporting
it in its proper position in the tube, retort, etc.-Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a tube Ⓡ
fitted with a number of deflector rings and discs, alternately arranged so as to
constitute a series of complete deflectors."
----
Figs. 6 to 10 illustrate similar elementary forms, adapted to pipes, tubes, etc., R, of
square section.
Figs. 11 to 14 illustrate a particular and convenient construction of radial deflector,
in which the annulus a and disc d are united into one piece by the lugs 1, 11.
Fig. 11 is a sectional plan through the lugs 1, 1, showing the annulus a.
Fig. 12 is a vertical section through the disc d, and the annulus a, and shows the
lugs, by which the annulus is joined to the disc, and the lugs 1, 1, 1, for supporting
the deflector in position in the tube at the required distance from the next deflector.―
Fig. 13 is a plan view showing disc d, lugs 1, 1, 1, and annulus a of the radial
deflector. Fig. 14 is a sectional view showing arrangement of deflectors in a pipe
retort, &c., R.
Figs. 15 to 24 illustrate substantially the same device as above, but of a compound
construction, specially suitable for thermolytic and superheating purposes.-Figs. 15
and 16 are respectively a face view and section of one element of my compound
concentric deflecting device, and figs. 17 and 18 are similar views of the other element.-
Fig. 19 is a section of a retort R or thermolytic device showing the elements of the
deflector alternately arranged so as to ensure successive impacts.-The annuluses a
a¹ a², -
against which a portion of the fluid impinges in passing, are arranged
concentrically with intermediate concentric apertures 8, 1, 2, 3,
--through which
the fluid finally escapes, and is thereby deflected, so as to impinge upon the disc d, and
its concentric equivalents d' d' d³-When arranged as in Fig. 19, the one section,
consisting of the annular segments a a' a², is kept at a suitable distance from the other
by the lugs, and the latter section is constructed with perforations concentrically
placed between the deflector pieces d ď ď ď³.—By this construction, I ensure the
perforations in each section being opposite the non-perforated portions of the next
section on either side, and thus secure a maximum deflector surface with a minimum
of obstruction. Figs. 20 to 24 show my deflecting device compounded and adapted
to pipes of square section, but it is obvious that so long as the conditions of construction
and general arrangement of parts specified above are complied with, the details of form

page_text: and proportions may be subject to considerable variation. That the deflectors may
exert as little choking effect as possible, they are contrived and arranged so that the
areas of the perforation in the first section or element, of the space between it and the
second section, and of the perforation in, or escape space around, the second
section, are all equal.
Retorts or pipes for superheating and thermolytic purposes, when filled with my
deflectors, have a vastly increased efficiency, and the same may be said of tubular
condensers; for the current of fluid, instead of being hurried along with a central core
comparatively unacted upon, is compelled repeatedly to strike or bombard a number
of auxiliary surfaces, hot or cold, as the case may be, as well as the surface of the
retort, pipe, tube, &c.-These auxiliary surfaces, by absorbing heat from, or radiating
heat to, the surfaces by which they are enclosed, completely effect the transference of
heat to or from the passing current of fluid, the various parts of which become
thoroughly intermixed, and of uniform temperature.
Figs. 25 and 26 show the means I have devised for adapting my deflector to the
improvement of boilers.-Fig. 25 is a longitudinal section of a boiler with five flues
fitted with my "radial" pattern of deflector.-Fig. 26 is an end view showing in dotted
lines the arrangement of flues.
In the application of my invention to the improvement of boilers, I may take any
boiler of approved construction, and insert in the flues thereof a convenient complement
of deflectors, but I prefer to use boilers of the tubular construction.-Instead, however,
of using a large number of small tubes, I give the preference to a small number of
large tubes or flues, as these, when filled with my radial deflectors are equally efficient
steam generators, while they cost less to fit up, and are quite free from the troubles
usually incidental to multitubular boilers. In boilers fitted with Galloway or other
tubes at any angle, I may insert deflectors into these tubes, or into the tubes of what
are known as tubular boilers, so as to compel the current of water therein to strike
their heated sides.-My invention may be readily adapted to most existing boilers,
whether of the vertical or horizontal construction. It may also be adapted to conical
or any other shaped flues, whether external or internal.
Fig. 27 shows, partly in section, a way in which my deflector may be adapted to the
improvement of condensers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In apparatus for heating and cooling fluids, deflecting devices so arranged as to
produce a succession of impacts, and consisting of two effective parts; viz.; a
deflecting annulus, such as a, and a deflecting disc, such as d, contrived and arranged
in juxtaposition with the annulus, so as to provide a surrounding escape space,
substantially as and for the purposes hereinabove described with reference to Figs. 1
to 14 of the accompanying drawings.
2. In apparatus for heating fluids, compound deflecting devices substantially as and
for the purposes hereinabove described, and referred to in Figs. 15 to 24 of the
accompanying drawings.
3. The combination of my deflecting devices with boilers and condensers substantially
as and for the purposes hereinabove described, and referred to in Figs. 25 to 27 of the
accompanying drawings.