matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Mackintosh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
March 1871.
I, CHARLES MACKINTOSH, of the Firm of Charles Mackintosh and
Sons, of Nairn, in the County of Nairn, North Britain, Ironmongers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WEIGHING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention has for its object to obtain a weighing machine which
will indicate the weight by means of a perfectly free column of liquid,
which, whilst as positive and accurate as ordinary loose dead weights,
dispenses with the manipulation required with them.
The Invention also comprises an accurate and very simple contrivance
for deducting the tare of vessels containing the articles to be weighed.
In carrying out the Invention the scale or weighing pan or plate is
connected in any known way to one end of a lever or beam having
suspended on knife edges at its other end a cup containing mercury.
An inverted cup is fixed stationarily, so as to dip down into the
mercury, and from this inverted cup a tube communicates with the top
of a closed vessel or reservoir containing alcohol or other suitable

page_text: liquid considerably lighter than mercury, and down into this liquid
there dips a vertical glass tube with its upper end open. When an
article is put on the scale it causes the mercury cup to be pressed up,
and presses the air (or it might be a liquid) that is above the mercury,
so as to communicate pressure to the liquid in the closed reservoir and
cause it to rise up the glass tube until the column counterbalances the
weight of the article. An indicating scale is fitted to the glass tube to
show the weights corresponding to the different heights of the column;
and this scale is made adjustable. Then, when an empty vessel is put
on the pan, the scale can be moved to mark zero for the height of
column then shown, and on the vessel being filled or partly filled the
indication will show the weight of the contents only.
An equivalent transposition of the parts may be made by connecting
the inverted cup to the beam or directly to the weighing pan, so that
the article to be weighed presses it down; the other cup with the
mercury being then fixed stationarily below it.
A NEW OR. IMPROVED PORTABLE PUNCH
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Ripley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
September 1871.
I, ABRAHAM RIPLEY, of Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, .
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR.
IMPROVED PORTABLE PUNCH," to be as follows (that is to say):
.
:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved portable punch for
punching metals, and the following is a description of a simple form of
punch constructed according to this Invention :-
Near the front or face of a suitably constructed body is formed a
vertical cylindrical boring, the upper portion (say about two-thirds)
being of larger diameter than the lower, but concentric therewith, so
that a bearing or ledge is formed where the larger boring ends and the
smaller begins. In this larger boring and resting on the said ledge is
placed a toothed ring of suitable depth, its outer diameter corresponding
with that of the larger boring, so that it may freely turn therein, and its
inner diameter being slightly less than that of the smaller boring, so
that the said ring may be tapped to receive a vertical screw whose outer
diameter shall exactly correspond with that of the smaller bore. This

page_text: toothed ring is held down in its place by a ring nut screwed into the
top of the said bore, the interior diameter of which nut also corresponds
with that of the smaller boring, thus forming a straight bore right
through with the exception of the screw thread in the said toothed ring.
The teeth of this ring, which are on its outer circumference, are
suitably formed to be acted upon by a worm or endless screw, which
is intended to give the said ring a rotary motion, and is supported in a
horizontal bearing at right angles to and at the side of the said vertical
bore. A screw having a thread corresponding with that in the said
toothed ring and with a punch firmly fixed in its lower end is inserted
in the said vertical boring so as to take into the thread of the said
toothed ring, and when fully inserted is prevented from turning by a
set screw or other suitable contrivance. If now a rotary motion be
imparted to the said worm it will cause the toothed ring to revolve, and
as the vertical screw is prevented from turning it must either ascend or
descend according to the direction in which the said worm is moved,
thus causing the punch to descend when required, and enabling the
process of punching to be performed upon the metal submitted to the
operation, which is inserted in a horizontal aperture beneath the said
punch. In the part of the body beneath this horizontal aperture, and
so that the metal to be punched may rest upon it, a die is fixed
eorresponding with the said punch, and below this an opening is formed
through which the pieces of metal punched out may clear themselves
and fall away.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO TRAVELLING BAGS AND OTHER SIMILAR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Hart at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th December
1871.
I, DAVID HART, of the Firm of Hart and Sons, of Staining Lane, in
the City of London, Factors and Warehousemen, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO
TRAVELLING BAGS AND OTHER SIMILAR RECEPTACLES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to render a travelling bag or other liko
receptacle especially applicable for the ease and convenience of travellers
and for supplying the place of an extra or separate cushion or pillow.
Hitherto a travelling bag or other like receptacle has been an
impediment to travellers, and it has had to be stowed away to avoid
inconvenience and discomfort, whereas according to my Invention I
construct and arrange the travelling bag or other receptacle in such
manner as to utilize it in the manner about to be described.
I form the travelling bag or other like receptacle with or I attach
thereto on one or both sides or surfaces thereof a pad, cushion, or pillow,
that is to say, I attach to the body of the travelling bag or other article

page_text: a sheet covering or piece of leather, waterproof cloth, or other suitable
material, and I fill, stuff, or pad the space between the inner or under
side of such sheet or piece and the outer or upper side of the body of the
travelling bag (or other article) with wool, horsehair, or other resilient
material usually employed for filling, or stuffing, or padding cushions or
pillows. Or I attach to one or both sides or surfaces of the portmanteau
or other receptacle, or I form the same with a sheet, piece, or covering
of thin leather, vulcanized caoutchouc, or other elastic material, and I
provide a nozzle, or mouth piece, or other like contrivance whereby I
inflate with air (at pleasure) the space between the above-named
covering sheet or piece and the adjacent side of the body of the
portmanteau or other like receptacle. When this space is expanded or
dilated with air it forms an air jacket and it acts as a cushion or pillow.
I expand and contract this pillow as desired so that when it is not
dilated the portmanteau occupies its usual bulk and does not exceed its
ordinary weight.
By means of my Invention I obtain on one or both sides of the
travelling bag or other like receptacle a cushion or pillow which can be
made available by a traveller or other person using the same for the
ordinary purposes for which a pillow or cushion is or may be used, by
placing the bag or other like receptacle to which my Invention is
applied in any convenient or required position.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PRISMATIC COMPASSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Solomons at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th March 1871.
I, BENJAMIN SOLOMONS, of the Firm of S. and B. Solomons, of
Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Optician,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN PRISMATIC COMPASSES," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in dispensing with the detachable lid or
cover usually employed to protect the glass of the compass case, and
in providing a fixed metal cover to the case, fitted with a glazed opening
for viewing a portion of the compass card, thereby increasing the
handiness of the instrument. The ordinary removable cover generally
encloses the "sight vane," and completely covers the face of the
compass card, so that before the instrument can be used the lid must be
taken completely off, when it is very liable to be lost, especially when
used in field operations.
According to my Invention I mount the compass card within a closed
case, fitted with a radial glazed opening in the top, through which a

page_text: portion of the compass card is visible. The case is fitted with the
prismatic cyc picce as usual hinged to the circumference of the case,
so as to be capable of adjustment immediately over the glazed opening
for viewing the compass card by the aid of the cyc-piece.
The sight vane is hinged to the opposite side of the compass case,
and is made to fold down (when not in use) on the top of the case over
the glazed opening, so as to partially cover or protect the latter. The
extremity of the sight vane abuts against the hinge of the eye-piece,
by which it is held down, and it may have projecting corners to enable
it to be more readily raised when it is required to use the instrument.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TWO-WHEEL VEHICLES OR CARTS, COMMONLY CALLED WHITE- CHAPEL CARTS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Charles Clift at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1871.
I, EDWARD CHARLES CLIFT, of Wellington, in the County of Salop,
Coach Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TWO-WHEEL VEHICLES OR CARTS, COMMONLY CALLED WHITE-
CHAPEL CARTS," to be as follows :—
My Invention has reference to those kinds of two-wheel vehicles
commonly called luggage or Whitechapel carts, the said carts being
fitted to carry two or four persons at pleasure, and my said Invention
consists of the arrangement or combination of parts herein-after described,
whereby the position of the front seat is adjusted in the body of the
cart and the weight to be carried properly distributed in a simple and
expeditious manner, and the trouble incurred in removing the cushion
and unscrewing the nut and removing the front seat, as in carts of the
ordinary construction, is avoided.

page_text: My said Invention consists in so connecting the hind door with the
front seat that on the pulling down of the said hind door the front seat
is moved forward from the stationary back scat, and on the raising or
shutting of the said hind door the front seat is returned to its place over
the axle of the cart.
E
In carrying my Invention into effect I make the front seat capable
of sliding on ledges or supports on the sides of the body of the cart.
Underneath the said front seat is a cranked or bent lever turning on a
fulcrum near its middle. The said lever turns in a vertical plane, its
upper arm being connected to the front seat by a pin on the end of the 1
said arm working in a slotted bracket fixed on the said seat. The bottom
arm of the lever is connected by a rod or stay piece to the hind door of
the cart. A lever and rod or stay piece of the kind described aro used
at either side of the body of the cart.
When the cart is to be arranged to carry four persons the hind door 1
is pulled down to act as a foot board. By the descent of the hind door
the connecting rods or stays moving with it act upon the cranked levers
described, which moving on their fulcrums carry forward the sliding scat
to regulate the weight on the horse; at the same time a crook or recess
in each of the stays drops on to a fixed stud on the sides of the body of 2
the cart, and thereby firmly hold or support the hind door in its open
position. The seats of the cart are thus arranged to carry four persons.
When two persons only are to be carried in the cart the hind door is
raised or closed, when by the action of the stays and levers the front
seat is returned to its position over the axle and nearly in contact with 2
the stationary hind sent.
By constructing two-wheel vehicles or carts according to my
Invention the opening of the hind door fits the vehicle or cart to carry
four persons, and the closing of the hind door fits the vehicle or cart to
carry two persons.
DA
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THE SAME
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Punshon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1871.
I, ROBERT PUNSHON, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
The process of preserving meat hitherto generally employed has been
to cook the meat in closed tin vessels with the addition of a little
water, which on being converted into steam drives out the atmospheric
air through a small aperture made in the top of the vessel for the
purpose, which aperture is afterwards closed on the completion of the
cooking. The defect in the ordinary process is that the meat becomes
overcooked.
Now my Invention consists in forcing into the vessel through another
aperture after the meat is moderately cooked or slightly under done,
boiling fat which has been previously purified, and if thought necessary

page_text: I employ antiseptic compounds mixed with the fat.
The fat may
be forced into the vessel either by hydraulic or other pressure. By this
means the air and steam or vapour are forced out of the vessel through
the ordinary aperture, and the fat is caused to fill up the entire vacant
spaces in the vessel. Both apertures are then effectually closed or
sealed, and the process is complete:
In cases in which meat freed from bone is intended to be preserved,
the fat is by preference forced through a perforated nozzle inserted in an
aperture in the centre of the vessel, and in cases wherein whole joints or
pieces containing bone are intended to be preserved the fat is by
preference forced through a nozzle without perforations inserted in an
aperture at one side of the vessel.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKY CHIMNIES, GIVING AT THE SAME TIME PERFECT VENTILATION FOR HOUSES, SHIPS' LANTERNS, AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptisto Charles Antoine
Papier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 2nd November 1871.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE CHARLES ANTOINE PAPIER, late Staff Captain, now
Civil Engineer, Knight of the Imperial Order of Guadalupe, No. 28,
Lorrimore Square, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKY CHIMNIES,
GIVING AT THE SAME TIME PERFECT VENTILATION FOR HOUSES, SHIPS' LANTERNS,
AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of a cowl or pot of iron or other material tube
shaped, surmounted by a wind flag B, which is fixed to a funnel A
shaped open mouth piece, which mouth piece receives the wind from all
points of the compass. The wind passes down the tube, which tube is
revolved in the interior at K of the cowl.
The wind flag is intended to exhibit the address or other advertise-
ment, and acted upon by the force of the wind governs the action of the
apparatus in its rotary motion, by which means the smoke mouth is
always protected from the entry of the wind and tempest. The main

page_text: head piece having veered by the wind pressure on the flag piece opens
only to the direction of the wind. The form of the head piece being
similar to Drawing. The interior tube rotates on its own axis, which
forms a central bearing for the whole apparatus.
The object of the Invention in its application is not alone to prevent
smoking, but is an efficient ventilator for houses, ships' lanterns, public
buildings, &c.
C is the tube, D is the pivot, E is the cowl, R is the base of the head
piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR ACTUATING SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Garrett Tongue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th January 1871. - A communication from abroad by Henry
Graham Thompson, of New York, United States of America.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck,
Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED
FOR ACTUATING SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the means and apparatus
employed for actuating the mechanism of sewing machines by the power
obtained from certain arrangements of electro-magnets applied thereto or
arranged in combination therewith.
For this purpose according to one part of these improvements an
electro-magnet and armature, arranged in combination with the needle
bar or arm of a sewing machine actuates the needle by the power of an
electro-magnet or magnets as will be herein-after fully described.
According to the second part of these improvements an electro-magnét
and armature is arranged in combination with the feeding mechanism of

page_text: a sewing machine for communicating to such feeding mechanism a
movement derived from the armature of an electro-magnet.
According to the third part of these improvements an electro-magnet
and armature are arranged in combination with a looping instrument
or shuttle in a sewing machine, whereby the motion of said looping
instrument or shuttle is derived from the armature of the electro-magnet
in the manner to be herein-after more fully described.
The fourth part of these improvements relates to the application of
a circuit closing and breaking arm or spring combined with the needle
arm or lever in a sewing machine for closing or breaking electric
circuits to electro-magnets, that actuate the feeding mechanism or
shuttle or looper, the arrangement of which will be more fully described
in the final Specification.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PREPARING WOOD AND OTHER FIBROUS PULP FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1871

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Dietrich Julius Seitz at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patcuts, with his Petition, on
the 20th January 1871.
I, CARL DIETRICH JULIUS SEITZ, of Edinburgh, Analytical Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PROCESS OF PREPARING WOOD AND OTHER FIBROUS PULP FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
In preparing wood and other fibrous pulp for the manufacture of
påper it is usual to boil the fibres in a solution of caustic soda or other
lyc, in order to remove the gum or other impurities which they may
contain therefrom to render them fit for after treatment. This operation
has been performed or proposed to be performed either in open vessels
or in closed vessels in which a vacuum or partial vacuum has been first.
formed before the lye has been admitted, the agitation or throrough
saturation of the mass being obtained either by revolving agitators from
the ebullition of the lyc, or by the admission of steam under pressure
into the mass.
Now according to my Invention I propose to boil the fibres and the
caustic soda or other lye in a stationary vessel in vacuo by means of a

page_text: coil or a series of pipes arranged inside and in or through which steam
or hot air is caused to flow, or by surrounding the vessel wholly or
partially by a steam or hot-air jacket. In either case I maintain the
vacuum in the vessel during the boiling by a suitable pump or exhauster:
Sometimes I use the coils or series of pipes as well as the jacket for the
purpose.
The apparatus referred to may be of any size and shape, the Invention,
as will be perceived, not consisting in the apparatus but in the process
described.
It will be observed that the main features of my Invention are, boiling
the fibres and lye at a temperature below 212 degrees Fahrenheit in a
closed vessel by employing steam or hot air pipes in the inside of the
vessel or by a steam or hot air jacket on the outside or by both, and
the maintainence of a vacuum from the commencement and throughout
the boiling operation by means of exhaust apparatus applied in any
suitable manner.
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR WEIGHING LETTERS, PARCELS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alban Edward Ragg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd August 1871.
I, ALBAN EDWARD RAGG, of Lawley Vicarage, Wellington, Shropshire,
Student for Holy Orders, (formerly Apprentice to Mechanical Engineer-
ing,) do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR WEIGHING LETTERS, PARCELS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus
for weighing letters, parcels, and other articles, and relates to a novel
combination and arrangement of parts whereby facility is afforded for
accurately weighing letters and other small parcels, as also parcels and
other articles of considerable weight and size, whilst the weight and
size of the apparatus is comparatively little.
For this purpose I employ a bar or weight of any suitable size, shape,
and length for the purpose required. This bar is connected at or near
its upper
end by pin joint to a dial on which are marked or indicated
various weights such as a quarter, third, half, two-thirds, and three-

page_text: quarters of an ounce, and so on to the maximum weight for which the
apparatus is intended to be used.
Above the point at which the bar or weight is pin jointed to the dial
is a hand or pointer connected to such bar or weight and pointing
somewhat towards one side thereof, whilst on the other side of the i
axis of the bar or weight and fixed thereto is an arm or projection to
which a clip or hook of the construction herein-after described is
connected by a link. The dial is preferably formed in the shape of an
are of a circle, and is provided with a ring connected thereto by a link
at its upper part so as to enable the apparatus to be held in the hand or
to be hung on a hook or nail.
By these means the dial is always held in the same position and is
thereby easily read, whilst whatever wear may take place in the pin
joint the apparatus would always work correctly.
The elip I form by preference of steel, bent into the form of hooks
at its lower ends, and just above such hooks the wire is bent outwards
at each side so as to form a comparatively large opening above which
the wire passes straight to the top, where it passes from one side to the
other. Over the straight parts of this clip I pass a ring or link, which
may be raised and lowered thereon so as to apply any suitable pressure
to the article held between the jaws of the clip.
If desired a scale or pan may be connected to the apparatus instead
of the before-mentioned clip to receive the article to be weighed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE AND MEANS OF FILTERING AND AERATING THE WATER OBTAINED BY CONDENSING SEA OR OTHER WATER, AND IN THE APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sampson Starnes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th June 1871.
I, JOHN SAMPSON STARNES, of No. 13, Broad Street, Ratcliffe, in the
County of Middlesex, and of No. 4, New London Street, in the City
of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE AND MEANS OF FILTERING AND
AERATING THE WATER OBTAINED BY CONDENSING SEA OR OTHER WATER, AND IN
THE APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to an improved construction of filtering arrange-
ments by means of which the water is in the mode or manner of filtering
thus employed thoroughly aërated and doubly filtered, and also to the
use or employment of the pressure of the steam in condensers for the
purpose of forcing the condensed water through the filtering medium.
The improved filtering apparatus consists of two chambers, which
chambers may be varied in shape or form, and may be placed in different
positions relatively to each other, but I by preference construct the
chambers in the cylindrical form, and place one cylinder within the
other in such manner that an annular space is left between them. То

page_text: the under part of the inner cylinder is led from the condenser a pipe,
through which pipe the condensed water is forced into the said inner
cylinder. The upper part of this inner cylinder is provided with a filter-
ing medium, which may be of any good filtering substance or material,
and the water is forced upwards by the steam pressure through the
filtering medium employed, and passes through orifices a certain height
or distance; which height or distance may be regulated and controlled
into the air or atmosphere in the form of small or minutely divided drops
or spray, and then falls by gravity into the upper part of the annular
space between the two cylinders. This annular space is also provided
with a filtering medium of any good filtering substance or material,
through which filtering medium the water, now thoroughly aërated and
freshened by contact with the air, descends and passes into the lower
part of annular space which forms a reservoir from which the thus
doubly filtered and aërated water may be drawn off as required for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PIERCING HOLES IN ROCK, FOR SINKING DEEP Bore-holes, Tunnelling, MininG, AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Appleby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd April 1871.
I, CHARLES JAMES APPLEBY, Mechanical Engineer, of Emerson
Street, Southwark, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PIERCING
HOLES IN ROCK, FOR SINKING DEEP Bore-holes, Tunnelling, MininG, AND SUCH
LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists of a cylinder fitted with a piston which is
attached to a hollow piston rod, and so arranged that steam, air, water,
or other fluid can be introduced into either end of the cylinder for the
purpose of forcing the piston forward with a steady or varying pressure
forcing it in an opposite direction or holding it in equilibrium as
required. The boring tool is connected by a suitable attachment to the
hollow piston rod, or to a sleeve or quill in connection with or actuated
by the piston rod, and the boring tool may be composed of carbonates or
other hard stones set in metal, or a jumper or any other description
of boring tool, and may have a rotating, reciprocating, or combined
reciprocating and rotating action.

page_text: The apparatus may be combined with a steam or other motor, or
mounted on an independant frame and driven by a separate motor, or a
number of the boring machines may be mounted on one frame with or
without the motive power attached.
IMPROVED MEANS OF VENTILATING BUILDINGS, TUNNELS, PASSAGES, AND PLACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Poupard and James
Thomson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th June 1871.
We, WILLIAM POUPARD, of the Blackfriars Road, and JAMES
THOMSON, of the Old Kent Road, both in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
OF VENTILATING BUILDINGS, TUNNELS, PASSAGES, AND PLACES," to be as
follows:-
This relates to employing atmospheric air for the purpose of venti-
lating buildings, tunnels, passages, and places, the air being forced
through pipes in continuous or intermittent streams from a holder or
reservoir. After leaving the reservoir the air may pass through coils
or a series of pipes through which the air is heated or cooled, the casing
being supplied with a heating or a cooling agent as required. The
holder is similar to a gasometer, whereby the outflow can be regulated.
The apparatus may consist of two flexible bags fastened at each end
to plates of metal, the bottom plate having a valve opening outwards, to
which pipes are connected for distributing the air, the top plate to have

page_text: .
a valve opening inwards, and connected to the lifting gear, the collapsing
bags to be connected by a chain passing over pullies and round a drum
placed between them, the drum to have a circular rack broken at one
point (say a tooth or two out) to which a pinion moving in a slot is
fitted so as to allow the pinion to act on either side of the rack, whereby
a retrograde motion would be given to the drum, causing the air bags
to rise and fall alternately. The rope or chain is to be connected to the
top plates of air bags so as when-one bag is full of air the valve will
shut and leave the air bag to deliver the air by collapsing, the weight
of the air bag regulating the pressure. The other bag having delivered
the air to the distributing pipes, the drum being in motion will lift the
bag and at the same time open the valve in top plate, allowing the air
to enter. The valve in bottom plate is so placed or fitted that it shuts
when the air bag is filling, and opens when delivering. The atmospheric
air is to be delivered to the building or apartment by pipes placed at
or near the bottom of the walls in the rooms, the said pipe to be
perforated, so that small jets of air will escape into the apartment
imperceptibly. By passing the air through a coil of pipes placed in a
vessel filled with water the air can be supplied at any temperature by
heating the water in winter, and in summer by turning the vessel into a
refrigerator either by a stream of water or a freezing mixture.
remove the vitiated air an opening in the ceiling communicates with a
pipe passing either up the staircase or through the outer wall, in which
pipe is placed a gas burner, oil lamp, or any other means for raising the
temperature of the air in the pipe to a higher degree of temperature
than the atmosphere; by this means a constant current of air is made to
pass through the apartment or tunnel.
To
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPASSES FOR SHIPS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Punshon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1871.
I, ROBERT PUNSHON, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPASSES
FOR SHIPS," to be as follows:-
―:
My Invention has for its object the adaptation and application to
compasses of a means of indicating the deviation of the magnetic needle
from true magnetic north, and consists in fixing to the needle in the
centre of the compass bowl a toothed or serrated disc or wheel capable
of moving with the needle, or it may be fixed to the pivot in the bowl
and the index wheel to the card or needle. These discs or wheels are
respectively made to gear with the index wheel mounted on the compass
bowl, so as to receive motion through the said disc or wheel when the
needle moves. But the motion of the bowl with the ship has only the
effect of turning the index wheel on its axis, and moving it round a
portion of the circumference of the said disc or wheel, which thereby

page_text: indicates the motion of the ship only without the motion of the needle.
Then as the needle moves the variation of position between the numbers,
degrees, or marks on the index wheel on the bowl and those on the
disc or wheel fixed to the needle will show the deviation of the needle
from true magnetic north indicated by the needle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MAIN PIPES FOR AIR, GAS, WATER, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE PAVEMENT OF STREETS AND ROADS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hurd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
December 1871.
I, FREDERICK HURD, of the Albion Foundry, Wakefield, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MAIN PIPES FOR
AIR, GAS, WATER, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE PAVEMENT OF STREETS AND
ROADS," to be as follows:-
--
My Invention consists in so constructing the main pipes for air,
gas, water, telegraph wires, and other purposes that the upper surface
of the said pipes shall form either the gutters or part of the pavement
or footpath of the street or road, thereby dispensing with the necessity
of excavating and breaking up the footpath or roadway in laying down
or repairing such main pipes.
The ends of these main pipes are connected by projections and cottars
or by screws and nuts in such a manner that in case of removal the
joints can easily be made good. The upper surface of the said pipes

page_text: is provided with longitudinal and cross ribs forming cells, in which
concrete or blocks of asphalte or stone are laid. The pavement consists
of cast-iron frames joining up to the edges of the mains-pipes, and
these frames consist of cells containing blocks of asphalte, stone, or
concrete.
The whole system of main pipes and the intervening frames of the
pavement forms a solid surface capable of resisting the heaviest traffic,
and repairs can be effected both in the main pipes and in the pavement
with much less trouble and expense than heretofore.
AN IMPROVED COFFEE Poг
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd July 1871.-A communication from abroad by Edmond
Antoine Gaston D'Argy, of 13, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lanc, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for “AN IMPROVED COFFEE Poг," to be as follows:―
::
This Invention relates to an improved construction of "cafetière"
or coffee pot for the table combining the qualities of economy and
efficiency. Hitherto these articles have been made in two distinct parts
fitted together, viz., the receiver or body of the coffee pot and the filter
chamber.
According to this Invention the percolator and the body of the
coffee pot arc combined in one, the percolator, which consists of a
strainer of perforated metal or wire gauze, being disposed vertically
within the coffee pot and fixed against one side by any suitable means.
It is made of a depth nearly equal to that of the coffee pot so as to
divide the latter into two chambers.

page_text: The improved coffee pot is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing,
Figure 1 of which shows a part sectional elevation of the cafetière, and
Figure 2 a longitudinal section of same on line 1-2, Figure 1.
a, receiver or body of the cafetière of any desired form, and b cover,
which may be securely connected by a bayonet slot to the cafetière, and
thus enable it to be lifted and carried by the knob handle on the cover;
c, foot or stand; d, percolator fixed within the cafetière so as to form a
vertical partition as shown; f, tap communicating with the percolator
chamber for drawing off the liquid contents of the cafetière.
The filtration being effected in a laterial-instead of in a downward
direction as usual prevents the strainer becoming clogged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND MODES OF UTILIZING WASTE PIECES OF LEATHER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NEW AND IMPROVED MATERIALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Joseph Gale and
William Wesley Boyden at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th December 1871.
We, WILLIAM JOSEPH GALE, and WILLIAM WESLEY BOYDEN, both
of the City and County of Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND MODES OF UTILIZING
WASTE PIECES OF LEATHER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NEW AND IMPROVED
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
According to our Invention we take leather cuttings or scraps,
whether they be tanned or partially tanned, dressed or partially dressed,
curried or partially curried, or such scraps as result from the manu-
facture of boots and shoes, harness, mill bands, hose and the like, and
tear them into shreds or grinding them into dust%; we then subject the
material or materials together or separately to one or other of the
following processes according to the purpose to which the material or
materials is or are to be applied.
We take a quantity of the shreds or dust prepared as before described
and subject it to a solution of nitric, sulphuric, or other acid or
acids heated sufficiently long to render the mass glutinous when it is

page_text: washed first in alkaline water to expel the free acid and then in pure
water. In this state the composition is again subjected to heat, adding
to it animal glue or size prepared in a solution of nitric, sulphuric, or
other acid or acids till it acquires the requisite consistency for the
purpose to which it is to be applied.
Sometimes instead of or in connection with the animal glue or size we
use coal tar; the material so far prepared is then rolled into sheets of the
required thickness and size or subjected to pressure as found most
convenient, and subsequently dried by artificial means or otherwise.
Or we mix the shreds or dust with water, to which we add a solution of
animal glue or size prepared with nitric, sulphuric, or other acid or
acids, or with coal tar, or with both as before described, the whole being
subjected to the action of heat, and when thoroughly amalgamated it is
washed in water and rolled or pressed into sheets as before.
Sometimes instead of using acids in the preparation of the pulp as
before described, we substitute and use a weak alkaline solution instead.
The composition prepared in the manner before described and before
being dried is suitable for being mixed with pulp for the manufacture
of paper, and it may be used in the manufacture of india-rubber, gutta
percha, and parkesine, but materials prepared in the manner before
described are particularly applicable for use in the manufacture of soles
for boots and shoes, coverings for floors, and such like useful purposes.
Our Invention further consists in taking material made as before
described and subjecting the same to the process of vulcanizing as is
well known, whereby the materials so treated are applicable to the
purposes to which vulcanized india-rubber is now applied as well as
to the purposes before named.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rawcliffe, Walter Bibby,
and Andrew Fleming at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 4th July 1871.
We, JOHN RAWCLIFFE, junior, of Preston, in the County of Lan-
caster, WALTER BIBBY, and ANDREW FLEMING, of the same Place,
Cotton Spinners, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is a self-acting nosing or compensating motion
applicable to the mangle wheel mule, its object being to make a firm
cop nose, which we do in the following manner-We place a lever
extending from a little beyond the back of the carriage coupling, when
the mule has reached the roller beam, to the front of the winding on
barrel. This lever works on a pivot supported by a bracket, which is
raised by means of a screw or worm driven by gearing from à catch or
ratchet wheel. We fix a small bracket on the carriage just over the the
catch that works the ratchet wheel, so that the carriage in passing over
either in going in or coming out, or in both motions, if necessary,
depresses the catch so as to take one tooth or more of the ratchet wheel
as required, thus insuring a uniformly tightly wound cop from beginning

page_text: to end. The gradual raising of the pivot of the lever, one end of which
rests on the floor, elevates the other end, so that the carriage cach time
it reaches the roller beam by depression "that end" of the lever
correspondingly elevates the other end in a gradually increasing ratio.
Just in front of the winding on barrel we fix on the lever a bracket
carrying a bowl, the position of this bowl being such as to stand clear
of the chain, while the cop bottom is being formed, but just so as
to be in readiness to push the chain up, so as to accelerate the speed
of the spindle sufficient to compensate for the diminishing diameter of
the spindle as the cop progresses. No attention whatever by the minder
is required except when he doffs, he must then run the screw back to
its starting point exactly in- the same manner as he does a builder or
shaper screw.
Iμ- PROVEMENTS IN THE FIRE-BARS OR FIRE-GRATES OF STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellis Rowland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1871.
I, ELLIS ROWLAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iμ-
PROVEMENTS IN THE FIRE-BARS OR FIRE-GRATES OF STEAM BOILER AND OTHER
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the class of movable or rocking fire-bars, that
is, to such bars as are capable of being rocked or vibrated, in order that
the spaces between the said bars may by such movement be kept open
for the passage of air, as is well understood; and my said Invention is
applicable to the furnaces of stationary, locomotive, or marine boilers or
steam generators, and also to some other descriptions of furnaces.
The said fire-bars constructed in manner according with my Invention
consist each of a central bar, on each side of which bar are cast or
formed comparatively short fingers which project from the main body of
the bar, the upper surfaces of the said fingers being preferably level
with the upper surface of the central bar. Each bar is or may be made

page_text: "
of a suitable length to extend across the width of the furnace, and tho
ends of the said bar or of each alternate bar are rounded or are suitably
formed to rest in notches, hollows, or orifices in the bearers in such a
manner as that a rocking or vibrating motion may be readily imparted
to the said bar. The said bars are so formed that whon arranged togetlier
in their places in the furnace the projecting fingers of any one of the
said hars will be within the spaces between the fingers projecting from
the adjacent sides of the two contiguous bars, there being an air space
between the sides of the fingers on one bar and the sides of the fingers
on the contiguous bars, and between the ends of the said fingers and the
said contiguous bars, the said space being of a zig-zag form and of a
width suitable to the nature of the fuel or of such a width as may be
preferred. The said bars or the alternate bars are connected together by
means of a rod which is jointed to lugs projecting from the under sides
of the bars; or the said bars are so otherwise connected together as that a
simultaneous rocking movement may be imparted to all of the said bars,
or to each alternate bar. Or the said bars may be connected together in
sets as, for example, in two sets, the bars in each set alternating with the
bars in the other set, so that either set may be rocked independantly of
the other set. I may in some or in all cases so arrange the actuating
mechanism in connection with the furnace door or doors as that the
operation of opening the said door or doors will at the same time cause
the said bars or a portion or set of them to rock as aforesaid.
G
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Bickerton and Ralph
Bickerton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd September 1871.
We, RICHARD BICKERTON, and RALPH BICKERTON, both of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, in the County of the Town and Borough of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, Great Britain, Agricultural Implement Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING
AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
1
This said Invention has reference to a new or improved mode and
means of actuating the cutter bars of reaping and mowing machines,
whereby the ordinary connecting rod (jointed at both ends) used hereto-
fore for that purpose is dispensed with, and a steadier action obtained,
with less breakage of the parts and less trouble in connecting and
working the same on the part of the attendant. And the nature of this
Invention consists in lengthening the strong end of the bar (carrying the
knives or cutters) next the actuating crank or disc pin, and attaching
an open slotted bracket firmly to it, either projecting up vertically or
laterally and horizontally from its upper side, so that the crank pin can

page_text: work in the said slot (or it may be a bush having the crank pin turning
in it) so as to traverse in the lateral slot in the direction it is not
desired to traverse the knife bar, but so as to traverse it in the direction
of its length to the full extent of the throw of the crank without shock
or play in the slot, all direct, without the use of any intermediate hinged
link or connecting rod. This back end of the knife bar and slotted
bracket on it would be steadied in slides close to where it is actuated
by the crank pin, and the crank shaft may either be carried and actuated
in a horizontal or vertical position in bearings secured to the main
frame, getting its motion either direct from the driving wheel shaft or 1
through an intermediate shaft by wheels, or by chain pulleys, according
to the position of the knife bar in relation to the main shaft, as other
actuating crank shafts have been actuated heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEAT SAFES, REFRIGERATORS OR ICE SAFES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Henry Gilbody at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th May 1871.-Partly a communication from abroad by
George W. Reed, of Montreal, Canada.
I, ALEXANDER HENRY GILBODY, of the City of Manchester, Zinc
Merchant and Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEAT SAFES, REFRIGERATORS OR ICE SAFES,"
(a part communication) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct a refrigerator or ice safe
in which all kinds of provisions may be effectually kept cool and fresh
during the heat of summer, and consists of a novel internal arrangement
and system of ventilating as applied to such apparatus.
I construct my refrigerators with a double casing as hitherto practised
and with a lid at the top to obtain access to the interior, but I also
arrange a hinged door or double doors at the side or front extending up
to within about twelve inches of the top, at which level I place a trough
or shelf to contain the ice for cooling the interior and its contents,
leaving a space on each side of such trough or shelf for ventilation, and

page_text: from this trough I carry'a pipe to convey the water dissolved from such
ice into a double hollow bottom of the refrigerator, which constitutes an
important feature in this Invention, such hollow bottom being constantly
filled with the ice water up to the level of the overflow pipe, and such
water having a beneficial cooling effect upon the interior. Through
the sides or back of the internal casing at the bottom holes are formed
opening into a ventilating channel which communicates with the atmo-
sphere through the outer casing at a higher level, and the lid has also
one or more ventilating passages formed in it which open into the outer
atmosphere through a hole formed through the back or hinged edge of
the lid, such passages communicating with the top of the interior of
the refrigerator through perforated zinc plates. The lid and hinged
doors are fitted with spring hinges, or with suitable springs to ensure
such lid or doors closing self-actingly, and thus the expense of door
furniture may also be dispensed with.