IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR EQUALIZING THE TEMPERATURE OF ROLLS AND LUBRICATING THE JOURNALS OF SAME WHILE ROLLING METALS, AND FOR OTHER JOURNALS AND PARTS OF MACHINES REQUIRING LUBRICANTS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Shenton, of West Bromwich, in the County of
Stafford, Ironmaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS
FOR EQUALIZING THE TEMPERATURE OF ROLLS AND LUBRICATING THE JOURNALS
OF SAME WHILE ROLLING METALS, AND FOR OTHER JOURNALS AND PARTS OF
MACHINES REQUIRING LUBRICANTS:
"7
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Shenton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1878.
JAMES SHENTON, of West Bromwich, in the County of Staffordshire, Ironmaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR EQUALIZING THE TEMPERATURE OF ROLIS AND
LUBRICATING THE JOURNALS OF SAME WHILE ROLLING METALS, AND FOR OTHER
JOURNALS AND PARTS OF MACHINES REQUIRING LUBRICANTS."
My Invention, though applicable to all kinds of rolls for rolling metals and other
purposes, has reference more particularly to the large chilled rolls used in the
inanufacture of sheet iron, steel, or other metals, and where the hot sheet, plate, or
metal rolled is so distributed over the surface of the rolls as to cause the journals
(or necks) to become so hot as to require the application of cold water to keep the
journals sufficiently cool to admit of their turning without great friction being
produced by the heat and consequent expansion of the parts so heated. On
applying the cold water to the ends of the rolls while thus heated, I have frequently
noticed that the next plate, bar, or sheet of iron, steel, or other metal passed through
has broken the roll into two pieces (generally through its centre), and after con-
siderable experience and observation the cause appeared to be the unequal tempera-
tures of the different parts of the rolls, caused by the cold water running on the
journals.
Now my Invention consists in the use, instead of cold water, of hot water, which
has the effect of lessening the difference in the temperatures of the several parts of
the roll or rolls, and thus the unequal contraction is prevented and the lubricating is
assisted, and a less quantity of oil, grease, or other equivalent is required for the
purpose. Thus by the application of my Invention the breaking of rolls is almost
entirely prevented, economy in the lubricants is effected, less power is required to
Price Gd 1

page_text: drive the rolls, and more work can be produced in a given time from the same rolls
without extra risk.
I prefer to use the water as near boiling hot as possible; but the temperature
could be varied.
The water may be heated in any convenient manner, such as by gas or the use of
a jet of steam; or it may be brought direct from the boilers, economisers, or other
hot-water heating apparatus, such, for example, as that known as Berryman's hot
water heater, by pipes or otherwise.
My Invention is equally applicable to other purposes where journals or other
movements require to run with little friction.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Shenton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st November
1878.
JAMES SHENTON, of West Bromwich, in the County of Staffordshire, Ironmaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR EQUALIZING THE TEMPERATURE OF ROLLS AND
LUBRICATING THE JOURNALS OF SAME WHILE ROLLING METAL, AND FOR OTHER
JOURNALS AND PARTS OF MACHINES REQUIRING LUBRICANTS."
My Invention, though applicable to all kinds of rolls for rolling metals and other
purposes, has reference more in particular to the large chilled rolls used in the
manufacture of sheet iron, steel, or other metals, and where the hot sheet, plate, or
metal rolled is so distributed over the surface of the rolls as to cause the journals
(or necks) to become so hot as to require the application of cold water to keep the
journals sufficiently cool to admit of them turning without great friction being
produced by the heat and consequent expansion of the parts so leated. On
applying the cold water to the ends of the rolls while thus heated, I have frequently
noticed that the next plate, bar, or sheet of iron, steel, or other metal passed through
has broken the roll into two pieces (generally through its centre), and after con-
siderable experience and observation the cause appeared to be the unequal tempera-
tures of the different parts of the rolls, caused by the cold water running on the
journals.
What I claim as my Invention is the use of hot instead of cold water, which has
the effect of lessening the difference in the temperatures of the several parts of the
roll or rolls, and thus the unequal contraction is prevented and the lubricating is
assisted, and thus a less quantity of oil, grease, or other equivalent is needful for the
purpose. Thus by the application of my Invention the breaking of rolls is almost
entirely prevented, economy in the lubricants is effected, less power is required to
drive the rolls, and more work can be produced in a given time from the same rolls
without extra risk.
I prefer to use the water as near boiling hot as possible; but the temperature
could be varied.
The water may be heated in any convenient manner, such as by gas or the use of
a jet of steam, or may be brought direct from the boilers, economisers, or other hot-
water heating apparatus, such as Berryman's patent hot-water heater, by pipes or
otherwise.

page_text: My Invention would be equally applicable to other purposes where journals or
other movements requiro to run with little friction.
The accompanying Sheet of Drawings illustrates two ways of applying my
Invention in practice.
Figure 1 is an end elevation of a pair of sheet rolls, Figure 2 being a front
elevation of the same, and Figure 3 a plan showing the hot water applied to the
necks of the upper roll A, from which it gravitates to the lower roll B; or pipes
may be applied direct to the lower roll also. C is a suspended bucket for containing
a store of licated water; D is a cold-water pipe, and E is a steam pipe. The supply
of cold water and steam is regulated by the cock F for the water, and by the cock G
for the steam, so that the temperature of the moisture transmitted to the necks of
the rolls may be easily varied up to the temperature of the steam coming direct
from the boilers, the maximum heat being limited usually to the temperature of
steam at the working pressure in each particular works; but I have found that
water at 212° Fahrenheit answers the purposo very well. Water at a much lower
temperature servos when the rolls are first started, and pure steam may be turned
on when preferred, and in cases where the bodies of the rolls have become very hot
this is beneficial. Thus the object of equalizing the temperature of the different
parts of the rolls and other parts is attained and regulated to a nicety. The small
pipes M, M, transmit the moisture or steam to the rolls.
Another of the many ways of applying my Invention is shown by Figure 4, front
elevation, and Figure 5, plan. In this case the vessel containing the hot water and
steam is placed over the centre of the rolls, and the heat is supplied by gas, oil, or
other equivalent. In this case E is the hot water and steam vessel supplied with
hot water by the pipe J and heated by the burner K. The moisture is transmitted
to the rolls by the conducting pipes N, N, which may be quickly separated by
means of the union joints p, p, or the pipes may be carried in any desired way to
the neck of the rolls. In this case when pure steam is required the water level is
kept below the level of the conducting pipes, which are shown by dotted lines
running up to the higher part of the steam vessel H. This vessel may be made to
withstand any pressure; or instead of the vessel shown any hot water or steam
boiler, or other apparatus to serve the same purpose, may be used. In other cases
pipes may carry the hot water or steam direct from the boiler or hot water apparatus
to the rolls without any intervening vessel between.
The rolls for rolling sheets are usually turned slightly hollow in their length, i.e.,
less in diameter at their ends; but when the contraction is equalized by the appli-
cation of my Invention less hollowing is required, and thinner sheets may bo
produced of more equal thickness and quality in less time.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and some of the modes
for carrying the same into practical effect, I would have it understood that what I
claim as my Invention is, the application of heat by means of water, steam, or
other equivalent to the necks of rolls or other journals for the purpose of equalizing
the temperature of the parts and lubricating the parts, and as shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Shenton, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witnessed by
GEORGE BARKER,
Patent Agent,
27, Colmore Row,
Birmingham.
JAMES SHENTON. (L.S.)