IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MACHINE WIRES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William M'Allum, of Wester Daldowie, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MACHINE WIRES."
Sealed the 25th September 1866, and dated the 4th July 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William M'Allum at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
July 1866.
I, WILLIAM M'ALLUM, of Wester Daldowie, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MACHINE WIRES," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention has for its essential object the production of those classes of
wire cloths (known in the trade under the title or designation of "machine
wires") capable of wearing much longer than hitherto, that is to say, they
are by means of this Invention rendered more durable than heretofore.
In carrying this Invention into practice the wire used as the warp is
hardened, in place of being annealed as heretofore, it having been found that

page_text: the cloth so made is capable of resisting more wear and tear besides generally
answering better for the purposes to which it is applied. The wires that are
used for the weft are however annealed so that the weaving action may be
thereby facilitated. In weaving the cloth, this is done by means of leaves of
heddles or heals alternately shedding the warp at places where the weft
wires are required to appear alternately on the upper and under faces of the
cloth, and the weft wire as it is run through is laid up to the requisite distance
from the preceding weft thread, by means of a lay worked either by the
attendant or by any other power.
As especially constituting this Invention it is intended to claim the weaving
of wire cloths as herein-before described, but in which a distinctive and novel
feature consists in the employment of hardened in lieu of annealed wire for
the warp of the cloth, by means of which the advantages before mentioned
are obtained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William M.Allum in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st January 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MCALLUM, of Wester Daldowie, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign, did
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William McAllum, Her special license that I, the said William M°Allum, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
McAllum, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF MACHINE WIRES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William M°Allum, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six

page_text: calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William McAllum, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing, that is to
say:
My said Invention has for its essential object the production of those classes
of wire cloths known in the trade under the title or designation of machine
wires, and manufacturing them in such manner that they are capable of
wearing much longer than hitherto, that is to say, they are by means of this
Invention rendered more durable than heretofore.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I shall
now proceed to describe the system, mode, or manner in or under which the
same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference being had,
for the sake of more complete elucidation, to the Figure on the explanatory
Sheet of Drawings, which I have hereunto appended, that is to say, the
Figure represents a piece of the wire cloth made according to my present
Invention, in which the darker coloured wires indicate the warp and the
lighter coloured wires the weft.
The object I have in view in thus indicating the warp and the weft in
wire cloth made according to this present Invention is to point out that
the wires used for the two parts of the cloth are in two different conditions,
namely, that marked the darker colour or warp being used in an unannealed
state, or in the hardened condition in which it exists after having been drawn,
that shown with a lighter colour, or the weft being annealed or softened after
it is drawn to facilitate the weaving action. In weaving the cloth this is
done by means of leaves of heddles or healds alternately shedding the warp at
places where the weft wires are required to appear on the upper and lower
faces of the cloth, and the weft wire as it is run through is laid up to the
requisite distance from the preceding weft thread by means of a lay worked
either by the attendant or by any other power. It is to be understood that
the wires running longitudinally through the cloth of the "machine wires"
are those which are in the unannealed condition, the unannealed wire when
placed in this direction being the cause of the increased durability of the
"machine wires" in passing over the rollers.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider novel, and original, and therefore

page_text: claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is, the production of "machine wires" in which the warps
or longitudinal wires are composed of wire in an unannealed state, thereby
adding to the durability of the "machine wires," or, in other words, enabling
them to wear longer than hitherto, substantially as herein-before describe.l.
In witness whereof, I, the said William McAllum, have bereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of December, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
ST. JOHN VINCENT DAY, C.E.
Patent Office,
166, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.
W. MCALLUM. (L.S.)