Improvements in Centrifugal Churns.
Year: 1893

page_text: te of Application, 14th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 28th Oct., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION:
Improvements in Centrifugal Churns.
I, ROBERT EDWARD EVENDEN, of "Heaton," North Coburg, in the Colony of
Victoria, Australia, Churn Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in centrifugal churns. The 1st. and main
improvement consists in the novel feature in the art of churning in centrifugal
churns of continuously returning the torrent of cream formed by centrifugal force
within the vessel to around the central hub of vessel and by this new feature the
cream is being continuously moved outward and inward and so thoroughly aerated
and cleansed of foul gases, also the butter produced is of better quality and a more
rapid division of the butter globules and butter milk is effected. The 2nd. In the
construction of the churning vessel which is made preferably of wood and without
any movable cover, and the 3rd. In an improved butter milk outflow valve.
To accomplish the aforesaid new feature in churning I provide within the
churning vessel one or more stationary shares or diverters each having along its top
a curved race or channel starting at inner periphery of vessel and terminating near
its central hub, the purpose of said channel being to return the cream around
central hub or boss of churning vessel so that the cream that assumes an annular
wall within the churning vessel is being continuously returned to near its centre to
be again thrown outwards by centrifugal force as before described. By the use of
said curved race I am enabled to substitute a fixed internal flange for the movable
cover usually employed in centrifugal churns. Said curved race can be retained
and supported stationary either from the fixed spindle of vessel or from a fixed
bracket, outside the vessel.
In constructing churns of large diameter I prefer to employ two or more of
aforesaid "curved race or channel" so as to provide return channels for the cream
from two or more points of the inner periphery of the churning vessel and I prefer
to support them in such a manner that either one or both can be removed at
pleasure.
The butter milk outflow valves I construct in the form of a perforated or slotted
disc valve bearing upon a face or surface that forms the back of a chamber and
from which latter an outlet port descends to the butter milk channel. The said
disc valve is opened and closed by a movable key or handle whilst the machine is
at rest.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood I will now describe it
with reference to the accompanying sheet of drawings in which-
Figure 1. is a central section through the churn and
Figure 2. a plan of it with some parts removed.
Figure 3. a side view and Figures 4 and 4ª a plan and face view of the share or
diverter.
Figure 5. details of the buttermilk outlet valve.
Figure 6. details of the strainer that is placed over the outlet openings leading
to disc valves whilst the buttermilk is being drawn off.
Figure 7. a plan of the nut for securing the diverter in position upon central
stationary spindle.
Figures 8 and 84 details of the alternative means for supporting each curved race
or diverter when two or more are employed.
A. is the churning vessel shewn constructed with a solid wooden bottom A¹ and
with its side made up of wood staves A' bound with hoops AA' the upper internal
flange A* is a central metal hub or journal for vessel A said hub having a broad

page_text: flange A at its lower.end that is secured by screws or otherwise to the wood
bottom A'. Said central hub is also covered with wood liners or staves A' the
lower ends of which are let into a groove in bottom A' and bound by a hoop A
near their upper ends as shewn in Fig. 1-B is a central vertical spindle on which
hub A rotates said spindle being secured in a boss C carried by arms C¹ stretching
from buttermilk annular channel casting C² and which casting forms the bed for the
machine, C³ is an outlet spout from said channel and Ca sheet metal splash casing.
D is a borizontal shaft the inner end of which is supported by a bearing in or upon
boss C whilst its outer part is supported by bearing D₁ secured to bottom of
casting C. Upon shaft D near its inner end is a bevel wheel D' which gears with
.a bevel wheel D³ shewn as forming part of the flange A of the aforesaid hub
casting D are the fast and loose pullies for the driving belt-E is the share or
diverter secured in its working position by its eye E' at end of an upper arm being
clamped upon the central stationary spindle B by the nut B' the lower part E* of
the diverter projects down to near bottom of vessel said lower part being in
horizontal section similar to a segment of a circle its outer face lying close to the
inner surface of the churning vessel whilst its inner surface is flat or fish backed
as desired, above said lower part is the curved channel E³ leading from near the
inner surface of churning vessel to near the central hub of vessel for the purpose
already stated, the part E of the top plate has a chisel shaped edge designed to
scrape the cream or butter from the under surface of the internal flange A* and
lead it to the channel E³. The front edge E³ of the top plate of diverter E is also
bevelled or chisel shaped for a similar purpose. F. is the buttermilk outlet valve
sunk in one of the staves of the churn opposite the perforations a the valve being
in the form of a perforated or slotted disc f the spindle of which projects outside
the vessel its outermost part fitting a key or handle f¹ whilst the disc valve works
upon a perforated face f leading to a hollow chamber from which is an outlet
branch or port f leading downwards to the buttermilk channel. In order to allow
of said valve being easily removed I secure it in position by screws that pass into a
fixed metal ring let into the stave. G is a wood plate which is placed in front
of the outlet valve F when the butter milk is to be strained off, said plate being
secured in position between bottom A¹ of vessel and the internal flange A by the
key G', the under surface of such strainer plate is chamfered off as shewn at g to
form a passage for the buttermilk. Figures 8 and 8 shew the alternative means
for supporting the diverter E the eye strap E¹ of each being placed on a pin B³
projecting upwards from the nut B' and so one or both can be removed at pleasure
Bimply by lifting them off their pivotal pins.
4
The mode of operation of a centrifugal churn constructed according to this
invention is as follows:-
The share or diverter being secured in position upon the stationary spindle B by
the nut B' as. before described, the churning vessel is charged with the proper
quantity of cream, then upon its being driven at the requisite velocity, the cream
by reason of centrifugal force will assume a torrent wall within the vessel and by
the rotation of the latter the wall or torrent of cream is being continuously broken
or diverted, the lower part to over the back of the segmental part E of the
diverter and thence to the wall again and the upper part into the channel E' which
returns the cream to near central hub and becoming free thereat it is again thrown
outward by centrifugal force and so it is continuously being agitated and aerated for
the purpose before described. When the butter globules have been separated from
the buttermilk the share or diverter is removed and the strainers G are wedged in
position in front of the outlet valve which are now opened and then upon the
machine being again set in motion the buttermilk will be drained off through said.
valves and be led by spout f* to the channel C* from which it passes through outlet
spout C to waste or otherwise. When the buttermilk is drained off the butter may
be washed by spraying clean water on it whilst the machine is in motion and when
washed the butter is fit for removal.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1
1. In centrifugal churns the use of a stationary share or diverter and curved
shaped channel the purpose of which is to return the cream from the inner
peripherical surface of churn to near its centre so that it may be again thrown
outwards by centrifugal force as and for the purposes herein described.
2. The combination and arrangement in centrifugal churns of one or more shares
or diverters E secured either directly upon the fixed central spindle of churn or
upon a pin or pins on the nut B' such diverter or diverters having lower share E'
and upper return channel E³ substantially as herein described and explained and as
illustrated in Figs. 1. 2. 3. and 4 or 8 and 8 of my drawings.
3. In centrifugal churns, constructing the churning vessel with a wood bottom A'
carried by a central metal hub A' the outside surface of which is lined with
staves A', the side of vessel being formed of wood staves A' securely bound with
hoops and having an internal flange A substantially as herein described and
explained and as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of my drawings.
4. In centrifugal churns the combination therewith of the buttermilk disc outlet
valve F constructed and arranged substantially as herein described and explained
and as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 5 of my drawings.
5. In centrifugal churns the combination therewith of the wood strainer G
having its under side chamfered as herein described and arranged to be secured in
position by means of a key G' substantially as illustrated in Fig. 6 of my drawings.
حيمد
T1 1002
ROBERT EDWARD EVENDEN.
Wm. P. Thompson & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.