Improvements in and Connected with Gas-producers and Regenerators or Furnaces, and their Construction and Arrangement and Fittings, as Applied to Steam Boilers for the Generation of Steam.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in and Connected
with Gas-producers and
Regenerators or Furnaces, and their Construction and
Arrangement and Fittings, as Applied to Steam Boilers for
the Generation of Steam.
I, JAMES HILL, of 165 Garngad Road Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
Bricklayer and Furnace Builder, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH GAS-PRODUCERS AND REGENERATORS
OR FURNACES AND THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT AND FITTINGS AS
APPLIED TO STEAM BOILERS FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM" to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object the more efficient and economical generation of
steam in boilers for motive power and other purposes, as also the more perfect
combustion of fuel without the production or emission of black smoke, by the
application of improved and more suitable gas-producers and regenerators to such
boilers and in combination therewith, than has heretofore been used, and all
substantially as hereinafter specified.
By these improvements the ordinary grate or fuel burning furnace fitted below.
or within the flues of steam boilers is dispensed with, and a special construction of
separate and self contained gas producer or furnace substituted one for each boiler
or set of two or more boilers, and set in any convenient place near these, with
suitable pipe and valve fittings for leading off the gases produced therein, and
regulating their supply, first, to special arrangements of the regenerating or heating
chambers or furnaces and afterwards to the heating flues and surfaces of the steam
boilers, all as will hereinafter be described. The steam boiler, which may be of any
ordinary type of Cornish or Lancashire boiler, with single, double, or duplex flues,
or it might be of other longitudinal tubular construction, would be set and built
in with their heating flues much as usual, but without the ordinary grate fuel
furnaces within or below them; and instead, by these improvements, two sets or
pairs of vertical regenerators or separate gas and air heaters are built preferably
over each other close to one end of each boiler. All so that one pair will reheat
the gas and air and supply them to the one end of the range of heating flues and.
surfaces of the boiler, where these will be burned and heat the boiler while passing
in one direction through the flues to the main leading-off flue robbed of their heat,
to the chimney. In like manner the other set of regenerators are arranged so as to
heat and supply the gas and air to the opposite end of the heating flues and
surfaces to be burned and heat the boiler while passing in the opposite direction to
the former arrangement through the flues to the drawing-off flue of the chimney,
all by special improved arrangements of the valves and flues therefor. The gas
producer is formed with an outer shell of strong sheet iron or cast iron plates
secured together, lined inside with fireclay bricks, and of a vertical cylindrical con-
struction, smaller below where the ashpit and firegrate are, over which the small

page_text: coal or other fuel rests, and tapering conically into the upper large close cylindrical
chamber into which the fuel is fed from a service chamber above the top, and a
feeding duct or channel passed down through the centre of the arched roof fitted
with charging valve. Two or more conical tubes are also fitted down through the
double arched roof with lid on top outside for examination and stirring up the fuel
when required; these ducts and tubes are formed with broad flanges round them
to support their weight and the bricks of the roof round them. A small arched
channel is formed out through one side of the gas producer in a line with the
hearth or grate bars supporting the fuel for the purpose of cleaning out the refuse
of the fuel and the clinkers, and this channel and the front of the ashpit below it
might both be fitted with portable or swivelling doors to regulate the admission of
air below and above the grate bars. The fuel fed into the close regenerator is
burned or converted into hydrocarbon or inflammable gas; which is conveyed away
through a shallow space formed by an arched lining or roof a little below the top
of the furnace, into a large conducting pipe fitted with an opening and closing or
regulating valve, and which conducts the gases to the two gas regenerators
alternately through a special or improved arrangement of flues and valves to be
hereinafter described. The gas and air regenerators are preferably rectangular in
horizontal section of a width to come within that of the top of the boiler and its
brickwork and of width in the direction of the length of the boiler, placed behind
each other to give the heating surface and effect to suit the length and size of.
boiler and the gases required to be regenerated therefor. These, chambers of the
regenerators are built full as usual of the reheating open spaced firebricks over
the usual supporting walls below separating their bottom flues or ducts, up to their
top ducts or flues all closed in. When it is to a horizontal cylindrical boiler with
single or double flues-through it; that these improvements are applied, the upper
air and gas regenerators are ranged in line close together, the former next the
boiler, with their bottom ducts (inlet or outlet as the case may be, according to the
direction of the currents) fitted in a line with the central flues through the boiler,
while the corresponding top ducts of the lower gas and air regenerator below the
former are ranged in line with the end of the flues running below and along the
sides of the boiler, so that the hot air will enter the flues from their respective
ducts over the hot gases from their respective ducts so as to combine, and burst
into flame as they enter the flues of the boiler, which is heated as the flame and
hot gases pass on to escape through the upper or lower set, as the case may be, of
the regenerators and heat the bricks within theso on their way to the chimney flue.
These flues from the bottom of the lower set of regenerators are led out into
vertical flues at one side carried up to longitudinal ducts or flues at the top of the
upper regenerators. Above these flues and the ducts leading into the top of the
upper set of regenerators a set of three parallel longitudinal flues are built,
the centre one leading down by a vertical flue at the back to the direct flue to the
chimney. This central flue and the flues on the opposite sides of it have an
arrangement of simple straight double vane or plate valve mounted to oscillate on
a central spindle within a close arched inlet chamber, one for receiving the gas
from the conducting pipes of the gas producer, and the other for admitting the air
through a pipe fitted with a throttle valve to regulate the amount of air admitted
to be heated and support the proper combustion of the gas fuel, alternately to the
upper or the lower set of regenerators, while at the same time allowing the waste
gases to escape from the other set of regenerators (after heating the bricks in them
as described) into the said central flue leading to the chimney, and common to both
sets of regenerators for the discharge from them, through the said valves, when
oscillated a quarter turn in opposite directions against open faced frames fitted at
right angles from and above the spindle of the valves and down on to the sides
of the central flue. The spindles of these valves would be fitted with weighted
levers and chains or other equivalent,-outside their gas and air inlet chambers
arched closed over the three flues, for tilting or oscillating them in reverse
directions and retaining them there until next shifted, which might be done by

page_text: hand or by automatic mechanism at intervals of time, regulated and determined
by that which the heat of the acting regenerator was able to keep up the heat of
the entering gas and air to a proper temperature to complete combustion and
reheat the bricks of the other set of regenerators by the heat of the escaping waste
gases, alternately and respectively as the valves were reversed. Thus when the
air valve is tilted to admit the air from its upper inlet chamber to the top duct of
the upper air regenerator, it closes the seat on the opposite side of the air inlet
leading to the flues of the lower air regenerator, and opens these in the outward
direction to the central flue below the valve leading to the chimney; while at the
same time the valve of the gas chamber would be tilted to admit the gas to the
side flue leading to the top of the upper gas regenerator, and let the spent gases
escape from the bottom flues of the lower gas regenerator. This would heat the
gas and air admitted through the upper regenerators, to pass them through the
central flues of the boiler at a high inflammable temperature and then back along
the bottom and side flues of the boiler into the upper ducts of the lower set of
regenerators, and down through the open brickwork in them and reheat these to
the high temperature of the escaping gases before reaching the bottom and up-take
flues to escape to the chimney through the valve chambers and its central flue as
before stated. The opposite action or tilting of the said valves would reverse the
inlet of the gas and air and admit them to the lower end of the under set of
regenerators to be highly heated as they pass up through these and escape at the
top into and along the lower and side flues of the boiler, back through the central
flues through the boiler in the opposite direction so as to escape up through the
top set of regenerators to reheat the bricks in them before passing off through the
valve chambers at top into the central flue leading to the chimney, this reversing
of the valves and currents of gas and air being repeated alternately and successively
as described.
Cleaning chambers or channels would be built along the side of the regenerator
opposite to the vertical flues leading from the lower set up to the valve chests, and
these cleaning chambers would be arched over and have separate removable doors
for the upper and lower regenerators in the back wall on one side of the back
vertical flue leading down from the central flue of the valve chests to the chimney.
When ว set or range of two or more such boilers are so fitted with these improved
arrangements of regenerators, the vertical flues would be so fitted between them as
to do for two or four sets, and the cleaning chambers on the opposite sides might
also do for two or four sets of the regenerators. The gas conducting pipes from
the regenerator and also the valves and their face seatings would all be fitted with
convenient openings and free channels or directing flanges for the cleaning away
or running down of any tarry or oily matters which might deposit or collect
about them.
3
The walls of the regenerators would be bound by straps of iron from top to
bottom with longitudinal or transverse bolts, or both, passing through these straps
and the brickwork to secure the whole strongly.
When two or more of the improved gas producers are to be employed,―with a
set of regenerators and their boilers, the first length of pipe leading the gas from
them, would preferably be made square, with the regulating valve fitted in the end
furthest from the gas producer; and in this pipe, close to the gas producer, fittings
for double slide valves or shutters would be formed, so that these might be inserted
to close up the communication by sand or other luting material between this and
the valve when the gas producers required to be repaired, and still allow the gas
from the other producers to be led off through the regulating valve.

page_text: Improvements in and Connected with Gas Producers and
Regenerators or Furnaces, and their Construction and
Arrangement and Fittings, as Applied to Steam Boilers for
the Generation of Steam.
I, JAMES HILL, of 165 Garngad Road, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
Bricklayer and Furnace Builder, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained, in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to
the Two Sheets of accompanying Drawings, and to the reference letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said invention has for its object the more efficient and economical generation
of steam in boilers for motive power and other purposes, as also the more perfect
combustion of fuel without the production or emission of black smoke, by the
application of improved and more suitable gas-producers and regenerators to such.
boilers, and in combination therewith, than has heretofore been used, and all
substantially as hereinafter specified.
In order that the nature and novelty of my said invention, and the mode and
means of carrying the same into effect or practice may be properly understood
I shall now proceed to describe the several figures on the Two Sheets of Drawings
which I have hereunto appended for that purpose, the same reference letters and
figures indicating the same parts where shown.
---
Figure 1 on sheet 1, is a vertical section, and Figure 2 a corresponding plan,
partly in horizontal section, taken on the line 1-1 in Figure 1; while Figure 3,
is a vertical section at right angles to Figure 1; and Figures 4 and 5 are respec-
tively horizontal sections taken on the lines 2 2 and 3 3 on and corre-
sponding to Figure 3; all of one arrangement of gas producer A, and its fittings
and leading off pipes D, D', and valve E, constructed in accordance with the
improvements of my invention and illustrative of the mode of putting the same
into effect or practice. Figure 6, on Sheet 2 of the Drawings, is a longitudinal
vertical section, and Figure 7, a corresponding plan of an ordinary double flue
horizontal steam boiler F, having a double set of air, and of gas regenerators or
furnaces H, H, and G, G₁, respectively all constructed or built and erected with their
fittings in accordance with the improvements of my invention, and illustrative of
the mode of putting the same into effect or practice. Figures 8, 9, and 10 are
transverse vertical sections taken on the lines 4 4, 5. --- 5 and 6 - -- 6, in
Figure 6 through the regenerators or furnaces Ḥ and H, and the ducts h¹ and g¹
leading to and from the boiler, the arrows and darts indicate the course of the air
and gas respectively for the position the reversing valves are shewn or set for the
time being, and the double or split tail darts indicate the direction of the flames
and heated gases. Although only one steam boiler F is here shown complete with
its regenerators G, H; and G, H, and fittings, it will be understood that, two,
three or more may be similarly erected or constructed in a set ranged parallelly

page_text: side by side, having a separate gas producer A as shown in sheet 1 for each boiler,
or for each set of two or three of the range of steam boilers, as arranged; and
having their leading off gas pipes D and D¹ and their valve E so arranged that
they can stop off any pipe leading to the regenerators of any boiler, when these
have to be repaired, or otherwise be able to stop off any gas producer of a range
of steam boilers (for repair or other purpose) and supply its boiler and regenerators
from the other gas producers of the set without requiring to stop off any of the
boilers.
By my
Referring to the Figures generally of the two Sheets of Drawings
improvements the ordinary grate or fuel burning furnace fitted below or within
the flues of steam boilers is dispensed with; and a special construction of separate
and self-contained gas producer or furnace A, is substituted, one for each steam
boiler F, F, or for a set of two or more boilers, and erected in front or in any
convenient place near the boilers, with suitable leading off gas pipes D, and
branches D¹, D, D³, 'to each boiler F, and shut down or regulating valve E, and
fittings for leading off the gas produced therein, and regulating the supply; first
to special constructions and arrangements of the regenerating or heating chambers
or furnaces G, and G³, and afterwards to the heating flues g, g', g², g³, leading to
and from the flues F¹, F, F³, and surfaces of the steam boiler F, all as will berein-
after be described. Referring specially to the Figures on Sheet 2, the steam boiler,
which may be of any ordinary type of Cornish or Lancashire boiler F, with double
flues F, F; or it might be a single or a duplex flue or other longitudinal or
tubular construction of. boilers. The boiler F, would be set and built in with its
heating flues F¹, F¹, much as usual; but without the ordinary grate flue furnaces
within the flues F¹, F¹, or below the boiler F; and having instead, by these
improvements, two sets or pairs G, G¹, and H, H¹, of vertical regenerators or
separate gas and air heaters or furnaces, built preferably over each other close to
one end (or back) of each boiler F. All so that one pair of furnaces G, and H,
will reheat the gas and air being led through them and supply these to the one
end of the range of heating flues g, g¹, g², g³, and other heating flues F, F, F³,
and surfaces of the boiler F, where these would be inflamed and burned, so as to
impart their heat to the boiler F, while passing in one direction through the
central flues F, F, and return side and bottom flues F, F, through the flues g³
and h² to the other set of furnaces G', and H', and then to the main leading-off
flues g³, 63, robbed of or imparting nearly all their residuary heat after leaving the
boiler F, to the stack of bricks G* H* in the other or second set of regenerator
furnaces G', and H¹, before passing to the chimney, all' as indicated by the arrows
and darts in figures 6 to 10. In like manner the said other set G, and H¹ of the
regenerators are arranged so as to heat and supply the gas and air to the opposite
ends g, h, to the heating flues F, F, and F', and flue surfaces of the boiler F, to
heat it while they are being burned in passing in the opposite direction to the
arrows and darts in Figures 6 to 10, through the flues g¹, g, and h¹, h and other set
of regenerators G, and H, by the drawing-off flues g, h, to the flues. K, k, k¹,
leading to the chimney; all by special improved arrangements of the valves I,
and J, of the gas and air flues therefor. Referring to the Figures on Sheet 1, the
improved gas producer A is formed with an outer shell of strong sheet iron riveted
together with strengthening hoops at top and bottom, or it might be cast iron
plates secured or bolted together, and lined inside with fire-clay bricks A, pre-
ferably of a vertical cylindrical construction above, and smaller below at A, in
which a preferably square chamber is formed for the ash-pit A¹, below the fire-
grate A, fitted to receive and carry the small coal or other fuel over it, where the
side walls taper conically at A" into the upper large close cylindrical chamber A,
into which the fuel is fed, from a service charging chamber B, fitted with loose
cover on top B¹, above the top arch A³ of the gas producer A.; from which
chamber B, a feeding duct or channel B", passes down through the centre of the,
preferably, double arched roof A³, A, and is fitted with a charging valve B', and
actuating weighted-hand lever B³, which retains the valve open or shut as turned,

page_text: Two or more conical tubes C, are also fitted down through the double arched
roof A, A, with loose lids C³, on top outside, for examination, and stirring up
the fuel when required; this duct B, and tubes C, are formed with broad
flanges B, C, round them to support their own weight. A low arched
channel A', is formed out through one side of the gas producer A, in a line with
the hearth or grate bars A² supporting the fuel for the purpose of cleaning out the
refuse of the fuel and the clinkers, and this channel A', and the front of the
ashpit A', below it, would preferably both be fitted with hinged or other closing
doors A³, to shut off or regulate the admission of air below and above the grate
bars. Air is preferably admitted by the open funnel pipes a, a, leading down into
close channels a¹, formed in the brickwork and undulating below the floor of the
ashpit A¹ for being heated, and from which the air is led up by two vertical
pipes a, a, in the opposite side walls of the chamber A¹, and led out under the
fire-grate by the four lateral ducts a". The fuel so fed into the close gas
producer A, is burned or converted into hydrocarbon or inflammable gas; which
is conveyed away through a shallow space a³ formed by the arched lining or
roof A, a little below the top arch A³, of the furnace A, into the large drawing-
off pipe D fitted with an opening and closing or regulating valve and valve
chest E, E', for each branch D¹-of this pipe D, conducting the gas to the pipes
D¹, D, D³, leading to the two gas regenerators G and G¹, built over each other,
at the back end of the boiler (preferably beyond corresponding air regenerator
chambers H, H¹) alternately through a special or improved arrangement of
flues g³, g, and valve and valve chest I, I, as will all hereinafter be described.
Referring to the Figures on Sheet 2 of the Drawings, the gas and air regenerators
G, G¹ and H, H¹, are preferably rectangular in horizontal section closed in on all
sides by vertical fire brick walls G and H", and of a length to come within the
width of the boiler F, and its brickwork F", and of a width in the direction of the
length of the boiler, placed behind each other as to give the heating area, or surface
and effect to suit the length and size of boiler and the gas and air required to be
regenerated therein for heating the boiler. These chambers G, G and H, H¹, of
the regenerators are built full up to the top flues g³, h³, and g, h, and close arched
tops G, and H¹¹, (as usual in other regenerators) of the reheating open spaced
fire-bricks G*, H*, over the usual supporting low walls gx, hx, below and above
the separating floor between the gas and air ducts or flues g³, h³ and g*, h*,
separated by the floor tiles g¹¹l.
When it is to a horizontal. cylindrical boiler F, with double flues F¹, F', through
it, or it might be a single flue, that these improvements are applied, the upper gas
and air regenerators G and H; are ranged in line close together, the latter H,
preferably next the boiler, over the second set G and H₁, as before stated.
The bottom flues or ducts g, and h, of the first set G and H, are led towards
and down their respective close and separate side angled flues g¹, g¹, and central
one ¹, all led down to enter the lower and upper part of the two main central
flues F, F, of the boiler F, where the heated gas and air from the said
furnaces G and H combine and enter into combustion and pass to the front
of the flues F¹, where the hot products return back through the two side
flues F, and bottom central flue F³, uniting again under the back end of the
boiler F, and enter the flues and h, at the bottom of the second set of gas
and air regenerators G₁ and H¹; the flues g' and. h³, of the lower set of regenerators
corresponding to those of the upper set G and H; and either set of flues form the
inlet, or outlet, as the case may be according to the direction the gas or air is
passed in through them from their respective generators to the boiler, or the waste
products are passing out through them. The arrows and darts as indicated in the
Figures on Sheet 2, show the gas and air as passing through the top set of
regenerators G, and H, and their reversing gas and air valves I, I, and J, J¹,
respectively as set for that purpose, the escaping products of combustion passing
off through the other: set of regenerators (+ and H, to heat the bricks therein,
these valves being reversed as soon as the upper set of regenerators cease to heat

page_text: the entering gas and air to the required degree for complete and proper and
economical combustion. The flames and hot gases heat the boiler F, as they pass
through its flues F1, F2, F³, and then pass on to escape through the lower or upper
set of the regenerators G¹, H' or G, H, as the case may be, and heat the bricks G*,
and H*, within these on their way to the common flues k, k, l, leading to the
chimney. The flues g³ and h², leading to and from the lower set of regenerators G¹,
and H, are led out into vertical flues g³, h³ at one side, carried up to a special
construction of double ported valve chests I, J, with double flap oscillating valve I¹,
in each, leading into a central escaping longitudinal duct or flue K, all fitted
on top of the upper set of regenerators G, H, the central escaping flue being fitted
with a damper K¹ at one end, leads the waste gases down a flue k, to the flue k¹,
below the ground leading to the chimney. The inlet and outlet ducts or flues g*,
and h are led direct from the top of the upper set of gas and air regenerators, (in
line with those g³ and ³, from the lower set of regenerators), so as to enter the
opposite ends of the close arched inlet and outlet reversing valve chambers I and J,
respectively, which are mounted over the central longitudinal escaping flue K, and
have their angled oscillating doubled faced valves I', and J', on their respective
spindles i and j, so mounted over the flue K, with face ports J leading into this
from either the flues 93 or g*, for the gas, and h³, h, for the air, so as either to
admit the gas or air to the upper set of regenerators G* H*, through the
ports g, h, as shown in the Figures, (or it might be the lower set of re-
generators G, H,) while at the same time allowing the waste gases to escape
through the flues g³, h³, from the other set of regenerators (after heating the bricks
in them as described) through the valves into the said central flue K (common to
both valves) and which lead to the flues k, k', direct to the chimney. The steam
boiler F, would be built into its brickwork F" as described and shown, and would
be fitted with the usual mounting of manhole door, safety valve, and regulating
and safety feed water arrangements, and steam and water guages and blow-off
cocks as in other steam boilers, although these are not shown in the Drawings.
The air for supplying the regenerators would in this arrangement be admitted at
the front of the boiler by the two open ended pipes c, c, built into the brick-
work F, over and along the top of the two side flues F3, F2, both pipes being led
into the lower end of the central flue c¹, over the back end of the boiler F, in the
brick work of the regenerators, up into the branch c³, of the air valve chest J, J¹,
so as to be partially heated before entering the valve chest. Each valve chest I
and J is fitted with an inlet chamber above its upper inlet ports and faces, into
which the gas and air are respectively admitted from their pipes D¹ and C³,
through the said valves I', J¹, when oscillated by their spindles i, j, outside the
chests a quarter turn or so in opposite directions against their open ported faced
frames I, and J', fitted at nearly right angles from and above the spindles i, j, of
the valves for the inlet and down on to the port face plates over the side-walls of
the central flue K. The spindles i, j of the valves I, J¹, are fitted with weighted
levers i, j, and chains 1, 2, or other equivalent, outside their gas and air inlet
chambers I, J, arched close over the three flues,-for tilting or oscillating them in
reverse directions and retaining them there until next shifted, which might be
done by hand or by automatic mechanisin at intervals of time, regulated and
determined by that which the heat of the acting regenerator was able to keep up
the heat of the entering gas and air to a proper temperature to complete com-
bustion and reheat the bricks of the other set of regenerators by the heat of the
escaping waste gases, alternately and respectively as the valves were reversed.
Thus when the air valve J¹ is tilted to admit the air from its upper inlet chamber J³,
to the top duct *, of the upper air regenerator H, it closes the seat on the opposite
side of the air inlet leading to the flues h³, of the lower air regenerator H¹, and
open those in the outward direction to the central flue K, below the valve J¹,
leading to the chimney; while at the same time the valve I', of the gas chamber
would be tilted to admit the gas to the central flue g; leading to the top of the
+

page_text: upper gas regenerator G, and let the spent gases escape from the upper flues g³, of
the lower gas regenerator Gl. This would heat the gas and air admitted through
the upper regenerators G, H, to pass them through to the flues g, g¹ and h, h¹ to
the central flues F, F1, of the boiler F, at a high inflammable temperature, and
then back along the side and bottom flues F, and F3, of the boiler F into the
bottom ducts g2, and h2, of the lower set of regenerators G and H', and up through
the open brickwork G* in them and reheat these to the high temperature of the
escaping gases before reaching the up-take flues g³, and h³, to escape through the
valves I and I and J, J, and central flues K, and k, k¹, to "the chimney as before
stated. The opposite action or tilting of the said valves I¹ and J¹ would reverse
the inlet of the gas and air and admit them to the upper end of the under set of
regenerators to be highly heated as they pass through these and escape at the
flues and into and along the side and lower flues F, F³, of the boiler F, back
through the central flues F, through the boiler in the opposite direction so as to
escape up through the top set of regenerators G and H, to reheat the brick in them
before passing off through the valve chambers I; and J, at top into tlie central
Hue K, and down take flues k, and k¹ leading to the chimney; this reversing of
the valves 11 and J, and currents of gas and air being repeated alternately and
successively as described.
Cleaning chambers or channels L, L1, are built along the sides of the regenerators
G, H and G, H, respectively, opposite to the vertical flues g³, and h³, leading
from the lower set of regenerators G, H; up to the valve chests I, J, and these
cleaning chambers L, L would be arched over and may have separate removable
doors for the upper and lower regenerators in the back wall G" on one side of the
back vertical flue leading down from the central flue K of the valve chests I
and J, to the flue k¹ below the ground leading to the chimney; and these chambers
would have arched doors or recesses in the walls G"; H, of these upper and lower
regulators for access in cleaning or repairing or re-stacking the bricks in them.
When the regenerators are nearly started, a lighted torch or other equivalent, is
inserted through an opening 1, for the purpose through the brickwork from the
chamber L' leading into the back end of the flues of the boiler F, at Fx, where
the gas and air enters from the flues g³, and h², or it might be g¹ and h¹ of the
regenerators.
When a set or range of two or more such boilers are so fitted with these improved
arrangements of regenerators, the vertical flues g³ and h³ would be so fitted between
them as that the space occupied would to do for two or four sets, and the cleaning
chambers L, L', on the opposite sides might also do for two or four sets of the regene-
rators. The gas conducting pipes D, D¹, from the producer A, and also the valves E,
aud their face seatings would all be fitted with convenient flanged door openings d
and free channels or branches and pipes d, du, d², or angled and directing flanges
for the cleaning away or running down of any tarry or oily matters which might
deposit or collect about them, into a cistern or vessel below the ground as indicated
at d³, and the valve chest E¹ would have recesses and covers at E' for inserting
stopping off plates or shutters from the main pipe D of the gas producer A or any
of the service branches D¹ leading to the regenerators. The walls G, H, of the
regenerators would be bound by straps of iron from top to bottom with longitudinal
or transverse bolts, or both, passing through these straps and the brick work to
secure the whole strongly.
When two or more of the improved gas producers A are to be employed,-with
a set of regenerators G, G¹, and H, H', and their boilers F, the first length of
pipes D leading the gas from them, would preferably be made with a square branch
or box part E¹, with the regulating valve E fitted in the end furthest from the gas
producer A; and in this square part E¹, of the pipe D nearest to the gas pro-
ducer A, fittings for double slide valves or shutters E³, would be formed, so that
these might be inserted to close up the communication by sand or other luting
material between this and the valve E when the gas producers A, require to be

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repaired, and still allow the gas from the other producers to be led off through tho
branches D2, D3, to a regulating valve and valve chest E, E', as for each branch
pipe D' and boiler F.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is-
First. The general construction, or arrangement and combination of the parts, of
Gas producers, and gas and air Regenerators or Furnaces, and the fittings of these,
as applied to steam boilers or steam generators, substantially as herein described
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The general construction, or arrangement and combination of the parts
of a Gas producer and its fittings, for the regenerators of steam boilers, substan-
tially as herein described, and more particularly shown in the Figures 1 to 5 of
Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The general construction, or arrangement and combination of the parts,
of gas and air Regenerators and their fittings, substantially as herein described,
and as shown applied to a steam boiler, or steam generator, in the Figures 6 to 10
on Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The general construction, or arrangement and combination, of one set of
Gas and Air regenerators over another set, as applied to a steam boiler, or each
steam boiler of a set, substantially as herein described, and shown on Sheet 2 of
the accompanying Drawings.