IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOAF OR LUMP SUGAR
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOAF OR LUMP
SUGAR." A communication from abroad by Eugen Langen, of Cologne, in the
German Empire.
Sealed the 28th June 1878, and dated the 23rd April 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd April 1878..
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF LOAF OR LUMP SUGAR." [A communication from abroad by
Eugen Langen, of Cologne, in the German Empire.]
This Invention relates,-
Firstly. To improved apparatus for effecting the liquoring of the lump sugar after
it has solidified in moulds open at two opposite sides, more particularly such as
those described in the Specification to Patent No. 4647, of 1877.
And, Secondly. To apparatus for removing the division plates in the said moulds
that separate the sugar into slabs after the liquoring has been effected, and
previous to placing the moulds with the sugar on the drying table.
The liquoring table is constructed as follows:-A horizontal table has running
along its middle a vertical part in which are formed longitudinal passages closed at
one end, and connected at the other end or at an intermediate point with pipes
leading to the reservoir for clarifying liquor. From these passages branch channels
extend at intervals to openings formed at corresponding intervals to openings
formed at corresponding intervals on each side of the vertical part near the
bottom thereof. One of the said sugar moulds is placed with its one open
side against the vertical part of the table over one of the said openings, the
mould being made to fit against a caoutchouc fillet surrounding the opening so
as to insure a water-tight joint between the mould and the table. The outer
open end of the mould is closed with a cover, the inner surface of which is
recessed by having a raised fillet all round its edge, and is covered with a sheet of
[Price 8d1

page_text: caoutchouc, the cover being held water-tight against the mould, and the mould
against the table by means of horizontal screw rods attached to the vertical part of
the table; on which rods are cross bars that are pressed against the covers by screw
nuts on the end of the rods, there being one rod between each two moulds, so that
its cross bar serves to secure both the moulds; and when these have to be removed,
the cross bar is merely loosened and turned from the horizontal into the vertical
position.out of the way of the moulds. On the upper part of the said covers are
hooks, by which they are hooked on to the mould before they are secured by the
screws; they have also at top small apertures, through which, as the clarifying
liquor is forced by hydrostatic pressure into the lower part of the mould through the
openings in the table, the green syrup remaining in the sugar is caused to issue and
to flow down into a trough formed at the lower part of the table, in which it is
conducted away together with any of the clarifying liquor that may flow off with it
to be subsequently treated.
Owing to the recessed inner face of the cover, the syrup can issue from the whole
of the outer face of the sugar in the mould, and find its way up to the said opening,
and in like manner owing to the before-mentioned caoutchouc fillet against the face
of the table, a space is formed between the latter and the back face of the sugar
through which the clarifying liquor can find its way to the whole surface of the
sugar. The clarifying liquor remaining in this space after the liquoring has been
completed, flows down into a separate trough below, when the moulds are removed,
and is again used.
The supply of clarifying liquor to the moulds is regulated by means of measuring
apparatus, through which the liquor flows from the reservoir on its way to the
liquoring table. Such measuring apparatus consists of a closed vessel through a
gland, in the top of which passes a vertical tube open at both ends, the tube being
made so as to fit air-tight into the gland, but capable of being slid up and down
through it, so that its inner end may be at a higher or lower level in the vessel.
The vessel is connected by a pipe with a cock to the reservoir, so that on opening
the cock, the clarifying liquor will flow into the vessel, until the inner end of the
before-mentioned tube is sealed by the rising liquor; whereupon; as the further
escape of air from the vessel is prevented, the supply of liquor will be stopped, and
thus the position of the tube will determine the charge of liquor, which is then
allowed to flow to the liquoring table through a pipe provided with a cock, which is
connected to the first-named cock by links and levers, so that the opening of the
one cock effects the closing of the other, and vice versa.
The liquoring of the moulds having been effected, the surplus liquor is removed
therefrom by the well-known arrangement of centrifugal machine, after which the
metal plates in the mould that separate the sugar into slabs are removed by
apparatus constructed as follows:-A framing carries a table of such a size, that on
placing the open end of the sugar mould upon it, the contents of the mould rest on
the table, but the sides thereof overhang it. At the sides of the table are vertical
rods having hinged to their upper ends claws that are made to grip the top of the
mould, or projecting ribs on the sides thereof, while the lower ends of the rods are.
connected to a treadle. Thus, by depressing the treadle, the rods, and with them.
the moulds, are drawn downwards, while the contents of the mould are retained by
the table, the mould being prevented from descending beyond a certain distance by.
stops. The slabs of sugar being thus loosened, the division plates are readily re-
moved from between them, after which the mould is again raised so as to surround
the sugar slabs, which now have narrow spaces between them through which the
hot air from the drying table described in the before-mentioned Specification, can
pass after the moulds have been placed thereon, so as effectually and rapidly to dry.
the sugar.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd
July 1878.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF LOAF OR LUMP SUGAR." A communication from abroad by
Eugen Langen, of Cologne, in the German Empire.
This Invention relates,-
Firstly. To improved apparatus for effecting the liquoring of the lump sugar
after it has solidified in moulds open at opposite sides, more particularly such as
those described in the Specification to Patent No. 4647, of 1877.
And, Secondly. To apparatus for removing the division plates in the said moulds
that separate the sugar into slabs, after the liquoring has been effected and previous
to placing the moulds with the sugar on the drying table.
7
. The liquoring table is constructed as follows:-A horizontal table has running
along its middle a vertical part, in which are formed longitudinal passages closed at
one end, and connected at the other end or at an intermediate point with pipes leading
to the reservoir for clarifying liquor. From these passages branch channels extend
at intervals to openings formed at corresponding intervals on each side of the
vertical part, near the bottom thereof. One of the said sugar moulds is placed with
its one open side against the vertical part of the table over one of the said openings,
the mould being made to fit against a caoutchouc fillet surrounding the opening, so
as to insure a water-tight joint between the mould and the table. The outer open
end of the mould is closed with cover, the inner surface of which is recessed by
having a raised fillet all round its edge, and is covered with a sheet of caoutchouc,
the cover being held water-tight against the mould, and the mould against the
table, by means of horizontal screwed rods attached to the vertical part of the
table; on which rods are cross bars that are pressed against the covers by screw
nuts on the end of the rods, there being one rod between each two moulds, so that
its cross bar serves to secure both the moulds; and when these have to be removed,
the cross bar is merely loosened and turned from the horizontal into the vertical
position, out of the way of the moulds. On the upper part of the said covers are
hooks, by which they are hooked on to the mould before they are secured by the
screws. They have also at top small apertures, through which, as the clarifying
liquor is forced by hydrostatic pressure into the lower part of the mould through
the openings in the table, the green syrup remaining in the sugar is caused to
issue and to flow down into a trough formed at the lower part of the table, in
which it is conducted away, together with any of the clarifying liquor that may
flow off with it, to be subsequently treated.
Owing to the recessed inner face of the cover the syrup can issue from the whole
of the outer face of the sugar in the mould and find its way up to the said opening,
and in like manner, owing to the before-mentioned caoutchouc fillet against the
face of the table, a space is formed between the latter and the back face of the
sugar, through which the clarifying liquor can find its way to the whole surface of
the sugar. The clarifying liquor remaining in this space after the liquoring has
been completed flows down into a separate trough below when the moulds are
removed and is again used.
The supply of clarifying liquor to the moulds is regulated by means of measuring
apparatus, through which the liquor flows from the reservoir on its way to the
liquoring table. Such measuring apparatus consists of a closed vessel, through a
gland in the top of which passes a vertical tube open at both ends, the tube being
made so as to fit air-tight into the gland, but capable of being slid up and down
through it, so that its inner end may be at a higher or lower level in the vessel.
The vessel is connected by a pipe with a cock to the reservoir, so that on opening

page_text: in the space between the back of the mould and the upright B will flow down
into the trough I¹ so as to be collected separately from the green syrup flowing
into the trough I, and being perfectly pure, can at once be used over again. A
certain quantity of the clarifying liquor will also follow the green syrup as this
is expelled, and, flowing off in the trough I, will be further treated for use.
For conveniently securing the covers against the moulds, as above described,
the former are provided with hooks Gs at top, by which they are hung on to the
mould before being secured by the cross bars H which are turned from the vertical.
into the horizontal position, and are then forced up by the lever nuts H² on the
screws H.
:
The supply of clarifying liquor to the clarifying table is regulated by the
measuring apparatus, shewn in section and front elevation at Figs. 4 and 5, which
is arranged as follows:-A hermetically closed receptacle L has passing through a
gland at top a tube M open at both ends, which can be adjusted so that its inner
end is at a higher or lower level. On opening the cock N¹ of the supply tank N,
clarifying liquor will enter the vessel L until its level seals the inner end of the
tube M, when the further supply will be stopped on account of the air in the vessel
being no longer able to escape. Thus by the adjustment of the tube in the vessel,
the exact quantity of each charge of liquor for the liquoring table is regulated.
The cock L' of the pipe conducting the liquor from the measuring vessel to the
liquoring table A below is so connected to the cock N' by the rod L³, that on opening
the one the other is closed, and vice versa. On removal from the liquoring table,
the moulds are subjected to centrifugal action for removing the clarifying liquor,
after which they are placed upon the apparatus, shewn in longitudinal section, cross
section, and plan respectively at Figs. 6, 7, and 8, in order to remove the division
plates that separate the slabs of sugar, preparatory to placing the moulds on the
drying table. The mould having been so placed that its contents rest upon the
plate O while the sides of the mould overhang the same, as shewn at Fig. 6, the
hinged arms P are placed so as to catch with their beaks P¹ on to the fillets a of
the mould on each side of the same, as indicated at Fig. 6. The arms P being con-
nected at bottom to the treadle lever Q, it will be seen that on the depression of
this lever the mould F will be drawn down away from its contents F¹, as indicated
by the diagrams, Figs. 9 and 10, and the slabs being now loose, the division plates
can be readily withdrawn from between them. The mould is then again raised, the
sugar slabs assuming their original position therein, and it is then placed on the
drying table.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I
wish it to be understood that I do not claim generally the construction of a liquoring
table, wherein the sugar moulds are secured with their open ends over openings
through which the clarifying liquor is forced into them by hydrostatic pressure, as
such a construction was described by my correspondent in the Specification to
Wirth's Patent, No. 2606, of 1874, but I claim,-
First. The construction of liquoring table wherein a vertical plate, having aper-
tures through which the clarifying liquor is forced, has the one open end of a sugar
mould pressed horizontally against it by means of screws or their equivalents bearing
against a cover closing the other open end of the mould spaces, being provided
between the inner and outer surfaces of the sugar in the mould and the surfaces of
the vertical plate and the cover, so that the clarifying liquor has access to the entire
inner face of the sugar while the green syrup can escape from the entire outer face
of the sugar and issue through an aperture in the top of the cover, substantially as
herein described.
Second. The improved construction of liquoring table, consisting of the upright
plates B with passages C, C, branches C², and apertures D for supplying the clarifying
liquor; the covers G, caoutchouc fillets E, screws H¹, and transverse bars H for
securing the sugar moulds in position, and troughs I, I¹, for conveying away the

page_text: green syrup and surplus clarifying liquor, combined and operating substantially
as herein described with reference to Figs. 1 to 3 of the Drawings.
Third. The construction of apparatus for regulating the supply of clarifying liquor
to the liquoring table, wherein the clarifying liquor is caused to enter a closed
receptacle having an adjustable vertical tube, open at both ends, passing into it
so that the charge of clarifying liquor is regulated by the position of such tube in
the vessel, substantially as herein described with reference to Figs. 4 and 5 of the
Drawings.
Fourth. The construction of apparatus for removing the division plates from the
sugar moulds, combined and operating as herein described with reference to Figs. 6
to 10 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Denton Abel, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
CHAº. D. ABEL. (L.S.)