IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ward Holroyd, of Queen's Head, near Halifax, in
the County of York, Builder, and William Noble, of the same Place,
Cabinet Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
Sealed the 6th January 1857, and dated the 9th July 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ward Holroyd and Wil-
liam Noble at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th July 1856.
We, WARD HOLROYD, of Queen's Head, near Halifax, in the County of
York, Builder, and WILLIAM NOBLE, of the same Place, Cabinet Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING WOOD AND STONE," to be as follows:
The improvements relate to the employment of a cam or pattern wheel as
the means for governing the movements of the cutter, so as to obtain the
desired deviation from a straight line in the direction of the cut produced by
the cutter 'used..
Heretofore various arrangements of machinery have been adopted for this
purpose, and different modifications of a template or counterpart of the forms
to be produced have been employed, but to the best of our belief, in such
cases where a repetition of any form has been desired in the direction of the

page_text: length of the cut produced, like repetitions have been required upon the tem-
plate or counterpart, and different templates or counterparts are required for
other similar forms, differing only in being of a larger or a smaller character, by
which considerable expense is incurred; whilst by the employment, according
to our improvements, of a cam or pattern wheel, upon which is cut one or more
repetitions of the deviation from a straight line, any number of repetitions of
such deviation are readily obtained, simply by the continuous revolution of the
same cam or pattern wheel; and by the employment of different intermediate
gear, so as to vary the relative speed of the pattern wheel, the deviations will
be caused to follow each other more or less rapidly; and by varying the length
of leverage in the connecting parts each deviation from a straight line will
be more or less in extent.
The improvements also relate to forming the parts constituting the cutter
holder with a combined movement, so as to be capable of traversing in two
directions at the same time, the combined movements being effected by the
same or different pattern wheels. Also, the improvements relate to arranging
& operating cutters in such manner that when one surface of a piece of
stone has been operated upon to produce thereto.the desired form, surfaces at
right or other angles thereto, may be operated upon by such cutters without
the necessity for changing the position of the material to be cut, as, for
example, the cap of a pilaster or such like figure, composed of three worked
sides, or the ends of any piece of stone, to make them true for adjoining ones.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ward Holroyd and William Noble in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 9th January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WARD
HOLROYD, of Queen's Head, near Halifax, in the County of York, Builder,
and WILLIAM NOBLE, of the same Place, Cabinet Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Ward
Holroyd and William. Noble, Her special licence that we, the said Ward
Holroyd and William Noble, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Ward Holroyd and William Noble, our executors,

page_text: administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
WOOD AND STONE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Ward
Holroyd and William Noble, our executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months. next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Noble, on behalf of myself
and the said Ward Holroyd, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that
is to say:-
The improvements relate to the employment of a cam or pattern wheel as
the means for governing the movements of the cutter, so as to obtain the
desired deviation from a straight line in the direction of the cut produced by
the cutter used.
Heretofore, various arrangements of machinery have been adopted, when
cutting wood and stone for the purpose of obtaining deviations from a straight
line, and different modifications of a template or counterpart of the forms to be
produced have been employed; but, to the best of our belief, in such cases
where a repetition of any form has been desired in the direction of the length
of the cut produced, like repetitions have been required upon the template or
counterpart, and different templates or counterparts are required for other
similar forms, differing only in being of a larger or a smaller character, by which
considerable expense is incurred; whilst by the employment, according to our
improvements, of a cam or pattern wheel, upon which is cut one or more repe-
titions of the deviation from a straight line, any number of repetitions of such
deviation are readily obtained, simply by the continuous revolution of the same
cam or pattern wheel; and by the employment of different intermediate gear,
so as to vary the relative speed of the pattern wheel, the deviations will be
caused to follow each other more or less rapidly; and by varying the length of
leverage in the connecting parts, each deviation from a straight line will be.
more or less in extent.
.

page_text: teeth of the bevilled pinion f, with a tendency to cause that pinion, and
consequently the axis d, to revolve in the opposite direction, when the strap c;
still travelling in the same direction, is shifted from the drum or pulley d to.
the drum or pulley e. 9 is a loose pulley, capable of revolving loosely upon.
the axis d when the machine is required to be at rest. Upon the axis or
shaft d' is affixed the pinion 6, which takes into and drives the pinion 63
affixed upon the axis 63, upon which is also affixed the pinion b', the teeth of
which take into the teeth of the rack 6; affixed to the under side of the table
b, to give the traverse motion to that table; but the means of giving motion.
to the travelling supporting table employed may be varie:l. As this machine,
is arranged, only one or several tools or cutting surfaces may be operating at.
the same time upon one or upon several pieces of wood or stone. And in
these Figures I have shown four cutters h, h, each of which is formed with
two cutting surfaces ; so there are supposed to be eight mouldings being.
cut at the same time, but this may be varied. . i, i, represent eight pieces of
wood, or they may be stone, from which the required lengths of a moulding,
are to be cut. These pieces of wood are firmly held upon the table b, between
the clamps 6, there being set screws 67 to obtain the required clamping, aided
by blocking pieces j, as shown. These pieces of wood i are supposed to be
of a depth sufficient to have several lengths of moulding taken from each,.
that is to say, when the cutting tools have operated, as hereafter more fully.
explained, to produce upon the upper surfaces of the pieces i the required forms,
such portion is cut from each of the pieces i, leaving fresh surfaces to them.
to be operated upon again and in like manner by the cutters employed: And:
in thus operating we prefer that after each cutting off from the pieces of a
length upon which the desired moulding has been produced, that the pieces i:
be raised so that its surface be the same height as the surface just removed,
for which purpose we apply extra filling pieces or blocks ; to raise the pieces.
i after the completion and cutting off of each moulding, till the whole depth:
of those pieces i has been worked up. The cutters h are affixed to the plates h³
with capability of adjustment thereon by set screws, as shown, whilst the plates
h² are capable of sliding vertically in suitable guides upon the frame h³, so as
to vary the depth of cut during, the working, as hereafter explained. And the
frame h³ is capable of being slided horizontally on the frame h by the cani or:
pattern wheel employed to produce the undulations or zig-zag effect during
the cutting, and for this purpose the frame h is fixed stationary by screws h³
or other suitable means to the standards a¹ of the framing a. he is one form:
of cam or pattern wheel which we employ according to our improvementsi
for effecting the movement to the cutters; by which the desired undulatory or

page_text: zig-zag effect is obtained, and the cam or pattern wheel for the time in use
we affix upon a shaft or axis h, which receives rotary motion from the shaft
or axis 63, by there being affixed upon that shaft 6s the bevilled pinion ha,
which takes into and drives the bevilled pinion hº upon the shaft or axis h¹º,
upon which is affixed the toothed wheel h", which by the intermediate wheel
h¹s gives motion to the toothed wheel h, affixed upon the axis h. The cam
or pattern wheel he acts upon the bowl or truck at the lower end of the lever
h, which turns upon a centre of motion h, whilst at its upper end it is, by
a link, connected to the sliding frame h³ to give motion thereto. The
truck or roller upon the lower end of the lever his caused to follow the
course of the cam or pattern wheel ho, by the spring h", affixed at one end to
the carriage h³, and at its other end to the frame h'. And in order that the
same cam or pattern wheel may serve for different lengths of undulation or
zig-zag, or for different depths of the same, variations may be made in the
relative speed of the shaft h' to that of the shaft h10 by varying the relations.
of the wheels 1, hs, and of the axis of motion of the lever . Upon the
shaft we also apply a pulley h, acted upon by a band as a friction brake
to prevent the too free action of that shaft. The machine, as shown, is
arranged so that the cutters act to cut the wood under operation during the
traverse of the table b from the left to the right hand end, as seen by Figure 1,
and in the return motion of the table with its pieces of wood i no cutting
takes place, the cutters simply traversing over the last cutting without effecting
fresh cuts. But when the table has moved to the extreme left again, according
to the length of the material under operation, the frames 2, to which the
cutters are attached, are acted upon to cause those cutters to descend a little,
sufficient for the next shavings to be removed; this is effected in the following
manner:- - Upon the side of the table b are affixed fingers k, k, with a capability
of adjustment on the table b, so that they may come into operation as required
according to the traverse given to the table 6 for the length of material being
operated upon, for which purpose they are fixed as required by set screws k¹.
These fingers act alternately upon one or other end of the crescent formed
lever affixed upon the axis ³, upon which is affixed the lever arm k', which
by a short link k³ is connected to the lever k", one end of which turns upon a
fixed centre of motion k', whilst towards its other end it is by pin-joint con-
nected to the link 8 whose other end is connected to the lever arm, affixed
to the axis o, upon which is affixed the bevilled pinion ", which takes into
the teeth of the bevilled pinion k¹ upon the axis ¹³, which turns in a fixed
bearing as shown, and at its other end has affixed to or formed on it the arm ¹,
to which is attached by pin-joint one end of the connecting rod ¹³, whose

page_text: other end is attached to one end of the lever, which turns upon the axis
7, and at its other end carries the spring click or driver ¹ to give motion
in one direction to the ratchet wheel affixed upon the axis ", which
is capable of revolving in suitable bearings, as shown, whilst it is formed
with a groove to receive a tongue or stud projecting inwards from the boss of
the bevilled pinion 20, in order that any rotary motion imparted to the shaft
or axis k may give corresponding motion to the pinion 20. The boss of the
wheel is supported so as to revolve freely in the bearing h* affixed to the
frame h', the object of which arrangement is, that whilst the frame h* is
capable of being fixed_at_different heights upon the standards a¹-according to
the thickness of material for the time under operation upon the table b; the
wheel ko may always be in the same relation to the bevilled pinion, which
is driven thereby. This bevilled pinion is affixed to an axis k, which turns
in bearings carried by the frame ht, and has formed lengthwise of it a tongue or
feather by which, whilst the small bevilled pinion 23 is capable of sliding freely
along it with the motion of the frame h³, that pinion is controlled to rotate
with it, and in so doing to give motion to the bevilled pinion affixed upon
the screw shaft, which is formed with a screw thread, which by turning in
a female screw in the projection h¹s from the plate h² gives motion thereto,
and these motions are so arranged as to give the desired downward motion to
the cutters as referred to. According to the arrangement of parts as thus
described, the effect would be to produce cuttings whose undulations or zig-
zags at every part follow in parallel lines as in the illustration given at Figure 4.
But our improvements also relate to forming mouldings or other cuttings,
whose lines, in place of being parallel to each other in the successive undula-
tions or zig-zags, regularly approach and then recede from each other, one of
which forms is shewn by Figure 5. And one method by which we accomplish
this, is by using two cutters acting together, but one of which is set in advance
of the other a distance equal to one half of the undulation. Two cutters so
placed are shewn by Figures 6 and 7, and the distance which one cutter is in
advance of the other must be such, that supposing the cutter for the time to
be acting on the part (1) of the illustration, Figure 5, the cutter H would be
operating on the part (2), and when the cutter his operating on the part (3)
the cutter (II) will be operating on the part (4) and so on. But in place of
the cutters h, H, being thus affixed and operating together, they may be affixed
to separate slides and partly operated by the same or different cams or pattern
wheels; or, supposing one side of the surface of each moulding or other
cutting to be produced by a cutter arranged and operating in manner such as
-described-in-respect of Figures 1, 2, and 3, the other side or edge of such

page_text: moulding, or other cutting. may be produced by simply removing the link h 16
and applying upon the stud 7 (as. shewn by the detached views of parts at
Figure 8) a lever ', one end of which is by pin-joint connected to the
rod which is attached to the upper end of the lever h, whilst the other
end of the lever is by the connecting link connected to the sliding
frame h³.
.
:
We would here state that although we have shown the table 6 to have
simply a traversing motion in order to act upon lengths of material carried
thereby, circular, oval; or other forms, as, for instance; for circular or oval
picture or other frames, may be similarly operated upon by affixing the
material to be cut to a table; which in place of having such traversing motion
given to it is caused to rotate or move in such orbit or part of orbit desired,
the cutters being operated by suitable cam or pattern-surface to give the undu-
lation or zig-zag desired, and to increase the depth of cut progressively as.
already explained. And although we have shewn straight or chisel cutters
affixed to, the plates h², we, do not confine ourselves thereto, as rotary cutters.
may be employed carried by a plate having similar movements given to it,
such rotary cutters having pulleys upon their axes to receive bands or straps.
When in cutting stone, after producing the form of moulding,required thereon,
which may be straight or of other character, it is desired to. finish the surfaces
at right or other angles: thereto without taking the stone from the table upon
which such cutting has been effected, we affix such stone to a table mas
shown by the separate view of the parts at Figure 9, supported by and capable:
of turning upon a traversing table 6, in order that when the required figure
has been obtained by the traverse of the stone under the cutter h, either end
thereof may be brought under that cutter at right or other angles, when the
screws which affix the frame ' to the standards a' will be removed or
loosened, so that that frame h' may slide on the guides formed on the stand-
ards a when acted upon-by-the-rods n; n,-one end of each-of-which is-con-
nected to the frame h, whilst the other ends thereof are affixed to the crank
pins projecting from the-wheels-n, n-affixed-to-the-axis n, upon which -is
affixed the toothed wheel n³, which is taken into by the pinion n* upon the
axis no, upon which is affixed the drum or pulley no, to receive motion by a
strap or band from a steam engine or other power.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, we would have it
understood that we do not confine ourselves.to the precise details shewn and
described, as these may be varied; but what we do claim is,-
.. First, the so arranging and combining mechanical parts, that the cutting
tools used may be operated to cut in undulatory or zig-zag directions, or where

page_text: the deviations from a direct line are repetitions of any particular forms, by
means of suitably cut cams or pattern wheels.
Also we claim the so arranging and combining the parts by which such
description of cutting may be effected at the same time in two directions.
Also we claim the so arranging and combining parts that when the surface
of a piece of stone has had the required moulding or other form produced
thereon, the ends thereof may be trimmed, as explained in respect of Figure 9.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Noble, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
WILLIAM NOBLE. (L.S.)
WILLIAM BROOKES, Patent Agent,
73, Chancery Lane, London.