Improvements in Looms for Tufted Fabrics.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 8th Nov., 1892-Accepted, 10th Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Tufted Fabrics.
We ADAM BOLLENTIN and ROBERT STUNTZ, both of No. 341 West Fortieth
Street in the City of New York, in the State of New York, Carpet Manufacturers,
and ADOLPH CUDELL of Metropolitan Block in the City of Chicago & State of
Illinois, United States of America, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The object of this improvement is the weaving of tufted fabrics in which the
tufts are looped or secured to the warp of the fabric, and especially the weaving of
that kind of tufted fabric which is the subject of the English Patent No. 15885
dated October 7th 1890, which consists of a warp and weft and a series of tufts,
each of which completely encircles one warp thread, and is looped around the back
of the next warp thread at one side of that which it encircles.
In a loom embodying the present invention, the tufts are placed in the web of
the warps, and looped around the warps by the combined operations of nippers,
which are carried with the lay and a reed, the dents of which have a lateral
movement, and it is of certain combinations, including these nippers and the reed,
and the means of operating them, that this invention principally consists; but the
invention also includes certain novel combinations in which the lay and its
operating mechanism, and a cutting apparatus for cutting the tufts, also constitute
clements.
A loom embodying the present invention comprises the usual framing, the warp
beam, the harness in two leaves for lifting the warp, and a lay, to which is given
peculiar movements by means of cams on the main shaft of the loom.
The body of this lay is box-like or hollow, and has a longitudinal slot in the top,
and another in the back, through which slots work nippers for inserting the tufts in
the fabric as it is woven. The nippers, which are constructed to receive the tuft
yarn from any suitable delivery, and which correspond in number with the number
of tufts in a row, are carried by a long flat bar and a long pivot which bar and
pivot are so secured with regard to the lay, as to permit the nippers to have, besides
their movements with the lay, an additional movement backward and forward within
the lay, through the shuttle raceway thereof.
The reed wherewith our loom is provided is of peculiar construction, to co-operate
with the nippers for looping the tufts round the warp. The dents of the reed,
instead of being rigidly connected with the upper and lower parallel bars in which
they are held, are loosely connected, so that by moving the said bars length-
wise relatively to each other, the dents may have a lateral movement given to
them.
The cutting apparatus by which the tufts are cut from the yarn presented from
the delivery, is carried by a carriage, which travels across the loom on a stationary
horizontal bar. The cutters operate in both directions, and cut one row of tufts
while the carriage moves across the loom in one direction, and the next row while
it moves across in the other direction.
The shuttle, situated within the raceway of the lay, and the means for operating
the same, do not differ materially from what is in common use in other looms.
We will now describe the operation of the loom, first supposing the shed to be
wide open, the nippers to be withdrawn entirely within the body of the lay below
the raceway, and to be closed, the shuttle to be at the left-hand side of the loom,
and the other parts to be in their corresponding positions.
During the rotation of the controlling cams, the lay is caused to be moved
early half way forward. During this short forward movement of the lay, the

page_text: forward and upward movement of the nippers, through the raceway and through
the warp, takes place, and the opening of the nippers is simultaneously produced.
The open jaws of the nippers having received the ends of the tuft yarns between
them, they are caused to first close, and then move downwards, thus pulling the
ends of the tuft yarns down through the warp, a distance equal to the length of
yarn required for a tuft, and afterwards to return through the warp less than
half way.
Before the first rise of the nippers and their subsequent descent, the
dents of the reed have been sloping, but after the descent of the nippers, and
before their rise, the bars of the reed are moved in opposite directions, far enough
to give the dents of the reed an inclination the reverse of that before held, and
the upper and lower warp threads are thus caused to move so far in opposite
directions, that when the nippers rise the second time, they carry up the ends of the
tufts on the opposite sides of the lower warp threads to those on which they
carried it down, and so they loop the said yarns under the sail lower warp threads.
The reed cams then operate to move the dents of the reed half way back, that is
to say, to upright positions, and the harness cams at the same time bring the warp
threads to a level, and the nippers open to let go the tuft yarns, and this brings the
upper threads of the previous shed on the opposite sides of the lower threads to
which they were situated when the tuft was inserted, and the tuft yarns are thus
caused to surround those warp threads which were previously at the bottom of the
shed, and to be looped under those warp threads which were previously uppermost.
The lay is then caused to move back a short distance, and the cutters are operated
to cut off the tuft yarns, after which, a forward movement of the lay takes place,
to beat up the tuft yarns to the fell, before any weft is inserted. After this beating
up, the lay is thrown back, while the crossing of the shed is completed. While
the lay remains back, a shot of filling is put in and beaten up by a forward move-
ment of the lay. The warp is again shedded while the lay is again moved back,
and another shot of weft is inserted. This second shot is beaten up by the forward
movement of the lay, which is then moved back again, and the reed cams complete
the movement of the upper and lower bars of the reed, to bring back the dents to
the same inclination as first described. The several parts of the loom are now
again in the positions they occupied at starting.
The operations of shedding and putting in the weft to complete the securing of a
row of tufts, should always terminate with the same warp threads upward, and after
these operations have been completed, the reed is again moved, to bring its dents
and the warp threads into the same position in which the previous operation of
inserting the tuft yarns commenced.
It is obvious that the loom might be organised, by a proper change of cams, to
put in only one shot, or more than two shots of filling, between the successive rows
of tufts.
Dated this 9th day of February 1892.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Tufted Fabrics.
We ADAM BOLLENTIN and ROBERT STUNTZ, both of No. 344 West Fortieth
Street in the City of New York in the State of New York, United States of
America, Carpet Manufacturers, and ADOLPH CUDELL of Metropolitan Block
in the City of Chicago and State of Illinois, United States of America, Architect,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:―
The object of this improvement is the weaving of tufted fabrics in which the tufts
are looped or secured to the warp of the fabric, and especially the weaving of that

page_text: kind of tufted fabric which is the subject of the English Patent No. 15885, dated
October 7th 1890, which consists of a warp and weft, and a series of tufts, each
of which completely encircles one warp thread and is looped around the back of
the next warp thread at one side of that which it encircles.
In a loom embodying the present invention, the tufts are placed in the web of
warps, and looped around the warps by the combined operations of nippers which
are carried with the lay and reed, the dents of which have a lateral movement;
and it is in certain combinations, including these nippers and the reed and the
means of operating them, that this invention principally consists; but the invention
also includes certain novel combinations in which the lay and its operating
mechanism, and a cutting apparatus for cutting the tufts, also constitute elements.
We will first describe in detail a loom represented in the accompanying drawings
embodying the invention, and afterwards point out its novelty in claims.
Fig. 1 represents a front view of the loom, with the front part of the framing
and the tuft yarn supplying devices and tuft-cutting devices removed.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the loom, with the top of the framing and the harness
mechanism and tuft yarn supplying devices removed.
Fig. 3 represents a vertical section taken in the line, of Figs. 1 and 2, viewed
from the right, but omitting the picker staff and its connecting rod on the right
side of the loom.
Fig. 3 shows an end view of the lay, and part of the shuttle mechanism.
Fig. 4 is a rear view of the upper part of the lay and the reed and mechanism
for producing lateral movements of the reed.
Fig. 5 represents a transverse section corresponding with Fig. 4, taken in the
line yy, and viewed from the left.
Fig. 6 represents a transverse section in the line of Fig. 4, viewed from
the left.
Fig. 7 is a front view of the tuft cutting devices.
Fig. 8 is a plan view corresponding with Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 represents a vertical section taken at right angles to Figs. 7 and 8, in the
line **.
Fig. 10 represents a section, parallel with Fig. 3, of a part of the loom framing,
and shows a side view of one of the cams and part of the mechanism upon which
it operates for opening and closing the nippers which insert the tuft yarn in
the web.
Fig. 11 represents a side view of one of the cams, and part of the mechanism
upon which it operates, for the purpose of producing a to and fro movement of the
nippers.
Fig. 12 is a side view of one of the cams, and part of the mechanism through
which it acts, for producing the operation of the harness.
Fig. 13 is a side view of one of the cams and part of the mechanism through
which it operates for producing the movements of the lay.
Fig. 14 is a side view of the cams and parts of the mechanism through which
they operate for producing the lateral movement of the reed.
Fig. 15 is a side view of the cams and part of the mechanism through which
they operate for working the shuttle pickers.
In Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, the several cams, and the mechanism through
which they operate, are shown in positions corresponding with the positions of the
several parts of the loom shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
Figs. 16, 17, 18 are sectional views taken in the same line as Fig. 3 of the lay and
the tuft nippers, showing the nippers in different positions.
Figs. 19 to 25 inclusive are diagrams illustrating the looping of the tuft yarns
around the warp.
Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 3* are on the same scale. The other figures are on a scale
double that of Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 3*.
Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.
A designates the framing of the loom, a the warp beam, and a' a³ the warp.

page_text: C C¹ designate the harness, of which there are two leaves, the front leaf being
suspended by straps a from duplex levers C* C*, and the rear leaf being suspended
from duplex levers C¹* C₁* by straps s'. The said levers C* C* are fast to a rock
shaft c, and the levers C₁* C are fast to a rock-shaft c', the said rock-shafts
having their bearings in standards C on the top of the framing A, and being
geared together by spur gears c* c, so that when one moves upwards, the other
moves downwards. The lower bars of the two leaves of harness are connected
together by duplex cords c³, which pass under and partly round two pulleys c',
which are attached to brackets & secured to the lower part of the framing. The
harness is operated by duplex cams C³, arranged outside the framing of the loom
on the main shaft S, acting upon duplex levers C, which work on fixed pivots c
in brackets secured to the framing of the loom, the rear ends of the levers C
being connected by rods C with the arms C on the ends of the rock shaft c.
Bis the lay, the swords B' of which are fitted to oscillate on a horizontal rock
shaft B, supported in bearings in brackets B' on the lower part of the framing A,
and are provided with counterbalances 13 on rods 68 projecting from their fronts.
This lay has given to it peculiar movements, as will be hereinafter described, by
means of duplex cams B on the main shaft S of the loom, the said cams operating
upon duplex swinging arms B, the upper ends of the said arms working on fixed
pivots 6 in brackets & secured to the loom framing, and the lower ends of the said
arms being connected by rods B with the lay swords. The cams B' operate
directly to produce the backward movements of the lay, the forward movements
being produced by strong spiral springs B', one of which is shown in Fig. 3,
connecting the swords B' with the front of the framing. The cams B' are of the
form shown in Fig. 13, having three off-sets, 30, 31, 32, of equal prominence, to
produce three complete backward movements of the lay during three successive
quarters of a revolution of the shaft S, and a less prominent off-set 34, between the
offsets 30 and 32, to produce a shorter backward movement, the depression 33
between the offsets 32 and 34 not so nearly approaching the axis of the cam as the
depressions between the offsets 34, 30, 31.
The body of the lay is box-like, or hollow, as shown in Figs. 3, 5, & 6, and has a
longitudinal slot 6 in the top, and another longitudinal slot in the back, for the
tuft nippers e e', shown in Figs. 3, 16, 17, 18, to work through, the said nippers,
which correspond in number with the tufts in a row, being carried by a long flat
bare, and a long pivot e³, the ends of which bar and pivot are carried by hangers E,
which swing from pivots e secured in the swords B₁ of the lay, to permit the said
nippers to have, besides their movements with the lay, a movement backward and
forward within the lay, through the shuttle raceway thereof.
The tuft yarn or yarns may be supplied from a spool or spools in any suitable
manner. In the example represented, D designates a tuft yarn spool, and D'a
carriage in which it runs, the said carriage being furnished with guide tubes d.
This carriage is represented as like those in common use for presenting the tuft
yarns to nippers in looms for weaving tufted fabrics. There may be any number of
such carriages and spools in the loom, and they may be supported in any suitable
manner. In Fig. 3 is shown only one such carriage and spool, the carriage being
represented as attached to a hanger d', projecting forward from the upper part of
the framing beyond the lay.
The tuft nippers consist each of two members pivotted together by the long
pivote. The members of which the rear jaws e' constitute parts, have their lower
parts, below the pivot, all rigidly secured to the bar e before mentioned, the ends
of which are rigidly secured to the swinging hangers E. The members of which
the front jaws constitute parts, and which hang upon the pivot es, have their lower
parts, below the pivot, all connected together by a long bar e, from each end of
which there projects, downwards and backwards, one of two arms e**, which are
connected, as shown in Figs. 16, 17, 18, by two short links e, with the upper arms
of two small levers E', which are pivotted, by pivots e', to the hanger E. The
lower arms of these levers E¹ are connected, by two rods E², with the lower ends of

page_text: duplicate slotted levers E³, which are hung on pivots es, from fixed brackets E*, on
the framing A. The slots e in these levers E³, receive pins e, which project from
two nearly upright levers E, (see Fig 10), which are fulcrummed by pivots ell to
fixed brackets e on the framing A. These levers E' are furnished with antifriction
rollers es, bearing against the duplicate cams E on the cam shaft S, the said cams
operating through said levers E, rods E, and levers E', to close the nippers, which,
when allowed to do so by the cams, are caused to open by springs e applied to the
levers E. The upward movement of the nippers, for receiving the tuft yarns,
carrying their ends through the warp, and assisting in the looping of the tufts
around the warp, is effected by the swinging movement of the hangers E, produced by
the duplicate cams F (see Fig. 11) on the shaft S, the said cams acting upon anti-
friction rollers fon levers F, which are pivotted, at their lower ends, to brackets fl
on the framing, and the upper ends of which are connected by rods F with the
hangers E. The downward movements of the nippers are produced by their own
weight and the weight of the parts through which the cams operate upon them, but
may be assisted by springs, applied to the levers F¹.
9, 9, 9 designate the reed, which is of peculiar construction, to co-operate with
the nippers for looping the tufts around the warp. The dents g³, instead of being
rigidly connected with the upper and lower parallel bars g g', in which they are
held, are loosely connected, so that by moving the said bars lengthwise relatively to
each other, the dents may have a lateral movement given to them. This loose
connection, in the example represented, is made by grooving the lower edge of the
upper bar I, and the upper edge of the lower bar g', to receive the ends of the dents,
and inserting transversely, through the grooved portions of said bars, small pins ³,
which serve to properly space the dents which are placed between them. The upper
bar g is fitted to slide in a guide * provided on the lay cap, and the lower bar gis.
fitted to slide in a groove in the back of the body of the lay, as shown in Figs. 4, 5,
and 6, and the said bars g g' are connected together, near their ends, by levers G G,
which are fulcrummed by pivots in brackets 9' provided on the lay swords,
and which have, at their ends, forks which receive studs 90, on the said bars as.
shown in Fig. 4. The bars 9 g being thus connected, when one is moved in one
direction, the other is moved in the opposite direction and their respective ends
of the dents, which are received within them, move correspondingly. Such a
movement is given to the said bars and the dents by means of an elbow lever G',
pivotted, at g, on a rigid hanger G³, dependent from the lay B, the upper arm
of the said lever G¹ being connected, at 9, with the bar g', through an opening o³,
provided in the back of the lay, and the lower arm of the said lever being con-
nected with an upright sliding rod G³, which passes through guides 9', provided
on the lay, the upward movement of the said rod G³, to produce the movement
of the bar g' in one direction, being produced by a cam Gʻ, loose on the rock
shaft B³, hereinbefore described, upon which the lay swings, and the movement.
of the said bar in the opposite direction being produced by a spring G³
(Fig. 1), applied to the lever G.
The rocking movement of the cam G on the rock shaft B³, by which the
operation of the rod is produced, is obtained from a pair of cams H H (see Figs. 3
and 14), on the shaft S, operating between the two arms H'H' of a yoke, which
are firmly secured to a short rock shaft h (see Fig. 2), which works in bearings in
a small stand A', secured on the back part of the framing, the lower arm H* of the
said yoke being connected by a rod with the rear end of a lever h³, which works on a
fulcrum in a bracket A secured to one of the lower cross bars of the framing A,
the forward end of the said lever being connected with an arm he on the cam G
In order to accommodate itself to the movements of the arm h*, the lever h³ is slotted
as shown at h in Fig. 3, where it receives the fulcrum h. This permits the lever
to have a slight movement longitudinally. To provide for the adjustment of the
fulcrum forward and backward, if necessary, to vary the movement on its farther
end, and thereby adjust the length of movement, of the reed bars g g', the bracket h

page_text: is secured to the cross-bar of the loom by means of a clamp h³, in which the said
bracket is adjusted by means of a screw .
The cutting apparatus by which the tufts are cut from the yarn presented
through the guide tubes d, is carried by a carriage iii, which runs across the
loom on a stationary horizontal bar I, which is bolted through lugs, provided
at its ends in two standards I', supported on the framing of the loom, the
position of the said bar being a little in front of, and parallel with, that
occupied by the guide tubes d of the spool carriage, for presenting the tuft
yarns. In Fig. 7, parts of the lugs are cut away, to expose the carriage to
view. The carriage is represented (see Figs. 7, 8, 9) as consisting of a
box i, an upright plate, and a horizontal plate. The box i is fitted with a
dovetailed gib and adjusting screws, to the horizontal transverse bar I. The
plate, which is of inverted T shaped cross section, is bolted to the back of
the said box i, as shown at in Fig. 9. The horizontal plate i is firmly
bolted to the lower part of the plate i, a space being left between them for
two small spur gears and a small pulley . The spur gear and the
pulley are fast together, and both turn freely on a bolt 10, by which the
plates are secured together, and the spur gear, which gears with that,
is fast on the rotary cutter spindle ", which is journalled in the said plates ii*,
the said spindle being furnished, below the plate *, with a rotary cutter i¹³,
which forms one blade of a pair of shears, the other blade of which is secured
rigidly by screws to a downwardly projecting rib at the rear edge of the
plate The cutting of the tufts is produced by the rotation of the cutter i¹
in contact with the cutter, as the carriage is moved across the loom across
the bar 1, the rotation of the cutter being produced by means of the pulley ?"
running along a cord or band, the ends of which are secured to lngs 16
secured to the lugs of the stationary horizontal bar I, the band having one
turn around the said pulley. The rotary motion thus given to the pulley is
also given at the same time to the spur gear i, and that gives motion to the
spur gear on the cutter spindle 1. The movement of the carriage along the
bar I is produced through a cord j, clamped between the plate, and which runs
horizontally, as shown in Figs. 2 and 8, parallel with the said bar, and around
duplicate horizontal idler pulleys attached to the standards I' (see Fig. 2), and
around duplicate vertical idler pulleys, also attached to the said standards, and
in front of upright idler pulleys, and around duplicate pulleys J, (see Figs. 1, 2,
and 3) of considerably larger size, on the horizontal shaft J', which works in
fixed bearings, the said cords passing around the said pulleys J in opposite
directions, and having their ends secured to the said pulleys. In Fig. 3, said
cord J is shown in bold outline passing under one of the said pulleys J, and the
direction of the other cord which passes over the other pulley is indicated in
.dotted outline.
By turning the shaft J' in one direction, the cord J is caused to be wound on one
pulley J, and unwound from the other, and thereby to move the cutter carriage in
one direction across the loom, and, by turning the said shaft in the other direction,
the operation of winding and unwinding the cord is reversed, and the carriage is
.caused to move across the loom in the other direction. This movement of the rock
shaft in one direction is produced, at the proper time, by means of duplicate_cams J'
on a shaft J³, which is geared with the cam shaft S by spur gears J and S', one on
each of the said shafts, to produce one revolution of the shaft J³ for ever two of the
main shaft. These cams J operate upon duplicate levers J, the rear ends of which
are fulcrummed in stands J' on the framing, and the front ends of which are con-
structed with toothed sectors .J' which are geared with pinions J' on the shaft J¹.
The two cams J are both alike of the form shown in Fig. 3. Their respective
levers Jare kept in contact with them by springs J (Fig. 3), which connect them
with the loom framing, and these springs produce the movement of the cutter
-carriage in the opposite direction to that of the movement produced by the cams.

page_text: The cutters operate in both directions, and cut one row of tufts while their carriage
moves across the loom in one direction, and the next row while it moves across in
the other direction.
The shuttle and its operating mechanism are best shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 3*.
K K' are the shuttle boxes, L is the shuttle. kk¹ are the pickers, which are
connected by straps with levers m m², which are pivotted at n n to a rail n'
between the lay swords, and are connected together by a spring n², which always
exerts a tendency to draw the said levers towards each other, and throw the
pickers toward the centre of the loom.
o is a rod arranged to slide lengthwise within the lay between the pickers in
guides o' provided in the lay. The length of this rod is such that it will just
оссиру the space between the two pickers, when one is thrown back, as shown at
the left of Fig. 1, and the other is thrown forward toward the centre of the loom,
as shown at the right of Fig. 1, the said rod being shown in the last mentioned
figure as having its ends cranked upwards, to bring them within the range of the
pickers. This rod is for the purpose of moving the pickers backwards to positions
in which they may be locked by spring catches ppl, to the ends of the lay. The
picker, at the left side of the loom, is shown so locked in Fig. 1. The said rod is
moved longitudinally for the purpose of moving back the pickers through the
agency of a lever M, (see Figs. 1, 2, 3), which is fulcrummed on a pivot p* on the
lower rail n¹ of the lay, the said lever being connected at its upper end with
the said rod o by a rod n³. The said lever M derives motion from two cams N N'
(see Figs. 2 and 15) on the shaft S, which act upon the two arms 9 9', projecting
in opposite directions from the upper part of an upright rock-shaft Q, which works
in bearings in brackets q* on the back part of the loom framing. From the lower
part of the said rock shaft projects an arm g, which is connected with the lower
end of the lever M by a connection q³, which slides upon the rock shaft B². As
no claim is herein made to the mechanism for operating the pickers, and such
mechanism does not differ materially from that in other looms, no further descrip-
tion of it is necessary.
to
It will be understood that as the tension of the spring n³ always tends to throw
both pickers, if both have been pushed back by the rod o, it is only necessary
liberate the catch p or pl of either picker, for the spring to produce its operation.
To provide for this liberation, there are provided, on the shaft S, two cams R R'.
which act on the rear ends of two levers, which are fulcrummed on pins³ at
the sides of the loom framing, and the forward ends of which operate upon the
arms & s¹ of two horizontal rock shafts tt, which are supported in bearings on the
back of the lay, the said shafts being provided with other arms u u', the ends of
which are situated above the catches p p'. The levers have applied to them
spiral springs v', which tend to depress their forward ends, and hold their rear
ends in contact with their respective cams, the cams being in such position, when
the lay is thrown back, that the springs will be allowed to depress the forwarıi
ends of the said levers, so that the arms ss' of the rock shaft tt' may pass over
them, as shown in Fig. 3*, wherein the lay is shown in its extreme backward
position, which it occupies when the shuttles are thrown. When the lay moves
forward, its arms s s¹ pass clear of the levers r r.
We will now describe the operation of the loom, first supposing the working
parts to be in the position shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 3*; and the several cams in
the relative positions shown respectively in Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15; the shed
being wide open, the nippers being withdrawn entirely within the body of the lay,
below the raceway, and being closed, and the shuttle being at the left hand side
of the loom.
During the rotation of the cams from those relative positions, the lay is caused
to be moved to the position shown in Fig. 16, that is to say, nearly half way
forward, by the back of the offset 32 of the cam B (see Fig. 13), passing its
bearing on the lever B³, and the concentric depression 33 of the said cam comes into

page_text: action, and keeps the lay for some time at rest in that position. During the short
forward movement of the lay just described, the forward and upward movement
of the nippers through the raceway and through the warp is produced by the
rotation of the cams F, while the opening of the nippers is simultaneously produced
by the springs e". The lay and nippers are now in the position shown in Fig. 16,
the open jaws of the nippers having received the ends of the tuft yarns between
them.
While the lever B' remains on the concentric portion 33 of the cam B*, below
the offset 32, the nippers are caused, by the cams E and F, to first close, and then
move downwards to the position shown in Fig. 17, and thus to take hold of the
ends of the tuft yarns, and pull them down through the warp a distance equal to
the length of yarn required for a tuft, and afterwards to return through the warp
less than half way to the position shown in Fig. 18.
Before the first rise of the nippers and their subsequent descent, the dents of
the reed have been sloping, as shown in Fig. 1, but after the descent of the nippers,
and before their rise to the position shown in Fig. 18, the bars g g₁ of the reed
are moved in opposite directions, by the cams H H', far enough to give the dents
of the reed an inclination the reverse of that shown in Fig. 1, and the upper and
lower warp threads are thus caused to move so far in opposite directions, that
when the nippers rise the second time, they carry up the ends of the tufts on the
opposite sides of the lower warp threads to those on which they carried it down,
and so they loop the said yarns under the said lower warp threads. The reed
cams H H then operate to move the dents of the reed half way back, that is to
say, to upright positions, and the harness cams C at the same time bring the warp
threads to a level, and the nippers open to let go the tuft yarns, and this brings
the upper threads of the previous shed on the opposite sides of the lower threads
to which they were situated when the tuft was inserted, and the tuft yarns are thus
caused to surround those warp threads which were previously at the bottom of the
shed, and to be looped under those warp threads which were previously uppermost.
The continued movement of the cam B brings its offset 34 into operation on the
lever B, and thus causes the lay to move back a short distance. While the offset 34
continues in operation, the cutters are operated to cut off the tuft yarns, and the
further movement of the cam B* carries the said offset 34 beyond the lever B³, and
so permits the forward movement of the lay to beat up the tuft yarns to the
fell, before any weft is inserted. The offset 30 of the cam B' now comes into
operation, and throws back the lay while the crossing of the shed is completed.
While the lay remains back, a shot of filling is put in and beaten up by a forward
movement of the lay, permitted by the offset 30 of the cam B. passing by the
lever B. The warp is again shedded, while the lay is again moved back by the
offset 31 of the cam B', and another shot of weft is inserted. This second shot
is beaten up by the forward movement of the lay, permitted by the offset 31 of
the cam passing by the lever B³. The lay is then moved back by the offset 32 of
the cam B, and the reed cams H H' complete the movement of the upper and
lower bars of the reed, to bring back the dents to the same inclination as first
described with reference to Fig. 1.
The several parts of the loom are now again in the positions represented in
Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
In order to render the actual operations of inserting and looping the tufts more
intelligible, by avoiding reference to any other parts of the loom than those which
actually perform the said operations, we will now briefly explain the diagrams
Figs. 19 to 25, with reference also to Figs. 16, 17, 18. The diagrams Figs. 19
to 25 are front views showing nothing of the loom but a portion of the reed, the
upper parts of one pair of nippers, and a part of a tuft yarn spool carriage,
including only a single yarn guide tube d. Four warp threads a' a', a² a² are also
shown in section.
The parts in Fig. 19 correspond in position with Fig. 3 as hereinbefore described,

page_text: the shed being open, and the upper threads of the warp being to the right of the
corresponding lower ones of each two around which the tufts are to be looped, and:
the nippers being in their lowest position.
Fig. 20 corresponds with Fig. 16, the nippers being represented as having passed
up through the warp to take the tuft yarn w.
Fig. 21 corresponds with Fig. 17, the nippers being represented as having drawn
off, through the warp, a sufficient quantity of tuft yarn for a tuft.
•
Fig. 22 shows the reed reversed, and the tuft yarn as bent in opposite directions
against the upper and lower warp threads a¹ a³.
Fig. 23 corresponds with Fig. 18, showing the nippers as having taken the end
of the tuft yarn back into the warp, and looped it around one of the lower warp
threads a' of the yet open shed.
Fig. 24 shows the nippers as having let go the tuft yarn, and returned to their
lowest position.
Fig. 25 shows the dents of the reed as having been brought to an upright
position, the shed as having been closed, and the warp threads all in the same plane,
and the tuft yarn as cut off ready to be beaten up, these changes of position of the
parts having caused the warp thread a¹ to carry down the yarn, over the warp
thread a', so that the latter is completely encircled by the yarn, and at the same
time having caused the yarn to be left looped under the thread a¹. This completes.
the operation of putting in one row of tufts. These tufts are secured first by being
beaten up, and afterwards throwing in and beating up the weft (two shots according
to the example represented) while the dents of the reed are still upright.
The operations of shedding and putting in the weft, to complete the securing of
a row of tufts, should always terminate with the same warp threads upwards, and
after these operations have been completed, the reed is again moved, to bring its
dents and the warp threads into the same position in which the previous operation
of inserting the tuft yarns commenced, as described with reference to Fígs. 1, 3,.
and 10.
It is obvious that the loom might be organized, by a proper change of cams, to
put in only one shot, or more than two shots, of filling between the successive rows.
of tufts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-.
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
:-
1. The combination with the lay and harness motion and tuft nippers for
inserting tuft yarns between the warps and means of giving said nippers a to and
fro motion and opening and closing movements, of a reed laterally movable
relatively to the lay, and means of giving the said reed a lateral movement, sub-.
stantially as herein set forth.
2. The combination with the lay, of nippers carried thereby to move therewith,.
and mechanism for giving the said nippers movements backward and forward within
the lay, and through the raceway thereof, independently of their movement with
the lay itself, and an opening and closing movement, substantially as and for the
purpose herein described.
3. The combination with the lay, of attached swinging hangers, a set of nippers.
consisting of members rigidly secured to said hangers, and members pivotted in
said hangers, and a lever fulcrummed in one of said hangers connected with the last
mentioned members, and mechanism for giving motion to said lever, to open and
close the nippers, substantially as herein described.
4. The combination with the lay and the nippers carried thereby, and capable
of a to and fro motion independently thereof, of a reed capable of a lateral move-
ment relatively to the lay and nippers, and mechanism for producing said inde-
pendent movment of the nippers and lateral movement of the reed, substantially as
herein described.
5. The combination with the lay, of a reed consisting of two bars fitted to slide
B

page_text: within the lay, and dents having their ends loosely connected with said bars, a lever
fulcrummed to the lay and connected with said bars, substantially as and for the
purpose herein described.
6. The reed consisting of the combination of two longitudinally grooved parallel
bars, spacing pins inserted transversely through said bars at regular intervals and
intersecting the grooves in said bars, and dents having their ends fitted loosely both
within said grooves and within the intervals between said spacing pins, substantially
as herein described.
7. The combination with the lay, a laterally movable reed fitted thereto, and
nippers carried by the lay, but capable of a movement to and fro independently
thereof, for inserting tufts into the warp, means for giving the said nippers a move-
ment twice through the warp and back, means for closing said nippers after their
first entry, and keeping them closed during their first return and second entry, and
means of opening them before their second return, substantially as herein set
forth.
8. The combination with the lay and harness of a loom, supports for tuft yarn
spools and cutters for cutting the tuft yarns from said spools, of nippers carried by
the lay, a laterally movable reed, means for giving the said nippers a to and fro
movement relatively to the lay, and an opening and closing movement, means for
operating the shuttle, means for operating the harness, means for laterally moving
the reed, means for operating the cutters, and means for operating the lay, all sub-
stantially as herein described, whereby the tuft yarns are drawn from their spools
by the nippers, and thereby inserted through and looped around the warp, the tuft
pieces are cut off, and the weft is inserted in the warp and beaten up, as herein set
forth.
9. The combination with the tuft yarn spool supports, and the guide tubes thereon,
for presenting the tuft yarns, of a stationary guide arranged parallel with said guid
tubes, a cutter carriage and two cutters therein, fitted to slido on the said guide,
and means of moving the said carriage to and fro along said guide, substantially as
herein described, for cutting the tuft yarns in both directions of the movement of
the said carriage.
10. The combination with the tuft yarn spool supports, and the guide tubes
thereon, for presenting the tuft yarns, a stationary guide arranged parallel with
said guide tubes, a cutter carriage, a cutter fixed in said carriage, and a rotary
cutter and cutter spindle fitted to said carriage, means of producing the movement
of the said carriage on said guide, and means of producing the rotation of the cutter
spindle and rotary cutter, substantially as herein set forth.
11. The combination, substantially as herein set forth, with the lay, the
swinging hangers, E, attached thereto, and the nippers e e¹, of which one jaw or
member is rigidly attached to said hangers, and the other pivotted thereto, of the
levers E¹ pivoted in said hangers, and connected with the pivotted member of the
nippers, a cam F, and operating mechanism, substantially as described, between
said cam and said hangers, and a cam E, and operating mechanism, substantially
as herein described, between said cam and said lever E¹.
Dand thin 9th day of November 1892.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.