Improvements in or connected with Heating and Ventilating Systems and Apparatus.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 5th July, 1893-Accepted, 1st July, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Heating and Ventilating
Systems and Apparatus.
A communication by THE AMERICAN INCANDESCENT GAS COMPANY, of 614,
Wyandotte Street, Kansas City, in the State of Missouri, United States of
America.-
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester,
both in the County of Lancaster, 118, New Street, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, and 322, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The invention relates to an improved heating and ventilating system embody-
ing the use of gas as a heating medium, and of air and water to absorb and dis-
tribute the heat.
In the annexed drawings:
Figure 1 is a side elevation of one of the radiators;
Figures 2 and 3 elevations of the opposite ends thereof;
Figure 4 a transverse vertical section on the line 3-3 of Figure 1;
Figure 5 a longitudinal vertical section on the line 1-1 of Figure 4;
Figure 6 a top plan view of one of the radiator sections;
Figure 7 a longitudinal vertical section on the line 2-2 of Figure 4;
Figure 8 a transverse sectional view of a modified form of apparatus;
Figure 9 a sectional view of the upper portion of the heater shown in Figure 8;
Figure 10 a side elevation partly in section showing the connection of the
radiator or heater with the vent pipe;
Figures 11, 12 and 13 views illustrating details of construction; .
Figure 14 a plan view of the manifold and connections for supplying the
system of radiators or heaters with gas, and
Figure 15 a perspective view partly broken away, of one of the intermediate
sections of the radiator.
One object of the present invention is to employ a system of radiators through-
out the different rooms or portions of a building and so connect them with a
source of supply of gas that they may all be regulated from a common point.
Another object is to make a combined hot air and hot water radiator, in which
gas is used as the heating agent.
A still further object of the invention is to simplify the construction of the
radiator sections, so that they may be readily assembled.
Many other points of novelty are involved and will be pointed out hereafter.
One of the radiators will first be described. It comprises a base A preferably
made in sections, so that it may be readily taken apart and easily handled.
Around the lower edge of the base at the corners and upon the inside thereof

page_text: are secured rubber feet or supports a upon which the radiator rests. This pre-
vents direct transmission of heat from the radiator to the floor or other support
upon which the radiator rests.
A removable grating or grid B is mounted within the lower part of the base,
which in turn supports a pan C. The bottom of this pan is provided with a
reflector D, and the side walls of the base are formed with a series of transparent
panes E.
F indicates the burner also mounted within the base, extending from one end
to the other thereof and back again. It is provided with a valve connection G
located outside the base, said valve and connection being of the Bunsen type to
ensure a proper admixture of air. As will be seen upon reference to Figure 11
the ends of the burner are provided with collars a¹, while bearing against the
opposite end of the burner, and the end of the casing, is a spring a², said spring
tending at all times to hold the collars against the opposite end frame and keep
the burner in place.
Near one end of the base and adjacent to the main burner is a second burner
or pilot light H best shown in Figure 13. The burner under the construction
employed is surrounded by a cylinder of perforated metal, and the flame is in-
tended to burn constantly therein. Separate connections are made to the main
from the burner and the pilot light. Such a connection is shown in Figure 1
in which is the main, c the valved connection leading to the burner and
d the valved connection leading to the pilot light. The connections
and valves may be placed in a recess in the wall, and a removable
cover provided therefor, such an adaptation being shown in Figure 1, with the
cover removed. A slide e will be provided in that end of the base next to the
pilot light in order that it may be ignited in the first instance.
When once
lighted it is designed to remain so, and when the gas is turned on in the burner,
said gas will pass through the perforations and become ignited without any act
upon the part of the attendant other than turning on the supply, through pipe c.
To ascertain if the gas is properly ignited, all that is necessary is to glance
down through the openings or windows E onto the reflector D where the burner
will be reflected.
Upon the base A is mounted a hot water radiator of peculiar construction,
while surmounting said radiator is a hot air chamber. The construction of the
radiator will first be described. It comprises a series of sections all of which
are similar in form except the bottom and top ones.
The lowermost section I is designed to fit within the upper part of the base
and rest thereon. Its formation will be best seen upon reference to Figures 4, 5,
7 and 12. It consists of a flat oblong box-like structure having depending
sides inclining slightly toward a down drop at one end; said section_g
being provided with a valved draw-off h. Extending downwardly into the
space, and preferably formed integral with the upper face of the section is a
thimble or collar i, a threaded opening ¹ (Fig. 12) being provided in the upper
face of the section in line with said collar.
At the opposite end of the section is formed a threaded opening j
On each side of the openings in the ends of the section are formed knobs or
projections which are designed to fit or bear against similar parts formed on the
other sections. The sections when in place are directly connected at one end
only and that at simply one point, so there would be a tendency for the sections
to droop or rock, and to either break the connections or make them leak. This
is obviated and when the sections are assembled they rest firmly one upon the
other.
A series of openings m. formed on both sides of the medial line of the section
extend vertically therethrough from side to side.
J denotes one of the intermediate or central sections, shown in detail in
Figure 15. It is formed with a division plate or diaphragm n extending hori-
zontally from one end nearly to the other, and from side to side. A vertical

page_text: opening o is formed at one end in line with the opening formed in the lower
section at its deep end. This opening extends through the section but has no
communication with the interior thereof. A threaded opening p is formed in
both faces opposite each other, and at the other end of the section, said openings
being in line with the opening ; formed in the lower section. A series of
vertical openings or passages q, similar to the openings m with which they
register are formed in the section. This section is also provided with projec-
tions similar to the projections of the lower section. All of the intermediate
sections are the same.
K indicates the upper or top section. It is formed with a series of vertical
passages which correspond to the openings m and q. Also with a threaded
openings corresponding to the opening p, and a threaded opening t in line with
the vertical openings o and the threaded opening ¹.
The sections are assembled as follows:-
A threaded nipple is entered in the opening ; of section I and in the threaded
opening of one of the sections J. The sections are then turned until drawn
up tight when the projections or knobs and abut and maintain the sections
in proper relation.
As many intermediate sections J are screwed on as may be
found necessary or desired when the top section is screwed in place, its down-
wardly projecting knobs 12, Figures 1, 2 and 3 bearing against the projections 7.
Connection made between the opening t of the upper section, and the open-
ing of the lower section through a pipe L. This pipe is provided at its upper
end with a thread of standard length, while the lower end is formed with a
thread of twice such length. Before the upper section is placed in position, the
pipe is dropped down through the openings o, a collar u screwed upon its end,
and it is then screwed down into the opening so that the upper end of said
pipe is below the normal position of the upper section. When said section is in
place, the pipe L is screwed up into the opening t until it is tight. The collar u
is then screwed down upon a packing interposed between it and the lower
section, forming a tight joint.
It will thus be seen that the sections may be quickly assembled in a very
simple manner. Having a nipple connection at but one end there is no trouble
in screwing the sections together, and under the construction as shown and
described, a positive circulation is secured. As the water is heated it will pass
out of the shallow end of the lower section into the section above. The collar i
at the lower end of the pipe L and formed integral with the lower section and
extending toward the bottom thereof forms a trap which prevents the heated
water from flowing up through said pipe. The water passes from one end of
the sections J to the opposite end beneath the diaphragm n, thence back again
above the diaphragm and into the section above. This continues until the
heated water reaches the upper section, where, as it becomes cooled it flows
down the pipe L to the lower section.
It will be noticed upon reference to Figure 5 that the nipple connecting the
upper section and that below it, extends well up into said section, and conse-
quently discharges the hot water into the upper portion thereof. This also aids
in maintaining the proper circulation.
A series of tubes M are passed down through the openings r and q and rest
over the openings m, and around collars m¹ extending up therefrom, forming
air passages between the base and an upper chamber or receiver N.
This chamber is formed with a space at one end for the reception of an
expansion device P connected with the upper section K. This device com-
prises a chamber v provided with an adjustable spring valve at its upper end,
and with a series of openings around the cup of the valve through which the
water or steam may escape when the pressure becomes so high as to unseat the
valve. The chamber is surrounded by a receptacle y adapted to receive any
water that may be expelled, where it will be held and evaporated. The connec-
tion between the upper section and the chamber is such that a constant circu-

page_text: lation is. maintained between said parts. An air vent z is connected with the
upper section, and said section has also connected to it a water gauge Q, and a
combined thermometer and pressure gauge R (Figs. 2, 3, 5 and 7).
The chamber or receiver N is formed with a series of horizontal partitions S
extending from opposite sides thereof, which cause the air to pass back and
forth therethrough until it finally reaches an exit T communicating with a vent
pipe U..
The upper end of this pipe is connected with a main flue V, Figure 10; adapted
to receive the heated air or products of combustion from a number of radiators. A
small flame is kept burning in the flue to induce a constant and proper circulation
of air. To the lower end of the pipe U is connected a drain W communicating
with a trap X or with the pan beneath the burner. This drain carries off any
water which may accumulate in the vent pipe.
Y, Figure 7, denotes a damper located above the top partition or diaphragm
in the chamber or receiver N, and when so desired the heated air may be dis-
charged therefrom directly into the chamber.
When it is desired to have access to the upper section K, the chamber or
receiver N may be bodily lifted therefrom by simply disconnecting the pipe. U
from the back thereof. A number of openings Z are made in the case of the
portion between the main body of the chamber and the chamber or space O, so
that the air entering said latter chamber may pass therefrom into the chamber N
beneath the lowermost diaphragm or partition.
Where the above described radiators are employed throughout a house as the
means of heating, it may be desirable to have the control of their operation
centralized. Especially is this so in a hotel or other compartment house, and
when so used the regulating device will be preferably employed in connection
with an electric or other signalling device to indicate when the room is occupied
and heat desired.
To provide proper means for such control, a manifold A¹ is employed connected
directly with the main supply pipe BI as shown in Figure 14. To both ends of
the manifold are secured siphons C¹ to indicate the pressure, or in their place
other pressure indicating, devices may be employed.
Extending from the manifold is a series of pipes D1, D2 and D³, each of which
leads to a radiator, and to the pilot light located therein. All of said pipes are
provided with a valve E¹.
Also connected with the manifold is a second series of pipes F1, F2 and F³,
preferably alternating with the pipes D¹, D³ and D³. This second series forms
the supply system for the burners.
To properly regulate the flow of gas each of the supply pipes is provided with
a main valve G¹, and two by pass valves G2 and G³. When the temperature is
mild, or a low degree of heat only is required, but one of the by pass valves will
be opened. When more is desired, the second by pass will be opened, or both
by pass valves closed and the main valve G₁ used. Or the main valve and
either or both of the by passes may be employed. It will thus be seen that each
and every radiator may be separately controlled from one central point, and where
proper signalling or indicating devices are employed in connection with the
manifold, all waste of gas and unnecessary heating are done away with.
In Figures 8 and 9 a somewhat modified form of radiator is shown, designed
more especially for indirect heating.
The construction of the base and radiator sections are essentially the same
as has been already described. Instead however, of employing a pipe L to
connect the upper and lower sections directly, manifolds H¹, H2 are connected
to the upper and lower sections respectively and from which extend pipes con-
necting to different radiators throughout the building.
As will be seen upon reference to Figure 8 the radiator sections I¹ are not
provided with any vertical openings and are so arranged and connected that they
form a tortuous passage between the walls J¹ by which they are enclosed. This

page_text: causes the air that is drawn in beneath the base and through the vertical open-
ings in the lower section to travel back and forth between the sections, finally
passing up through opening K' formed in the upper section, into the chamber L³,
thence to a discharge outlet M¹ connected with a chimney.
To utilize the heat which may be in the air and products of combustion, over
and around said chamber L¹ a second chamber N is formed. A vertical parti-
tion 0 extends from one end of this chamber nearly to the other. Communi-
cating with the chamber N¹ near its base, and to one side of the partition, is a
pipe P designed to supply the chamber with cool fresh air, which air becomes
heated as it passes through the chamber around the partition and is finally dis-
charged into a pipe Q¹ located on the opposite side of the partition and near the
top of the chamber. This pipe leads to any point desired.
It is of course to be understood that the openings in the various sections
through which the pipes M pass are of such a diameter that a space is left
between the walls of the opening and the face of the pipe. This permits the
air to pass up and around the pipes from section to section. In Figure 4 is
shown one of the pipes M provided with a strip of sheet metal bent back and
forth upon itself to cause retardation of the air in its passage through said pipes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. As a new article of manufacture, a radiator section having openings near
one end on opposite faces; a diaphragm extending from that end from side to
side approximately to the opposite end; and a series of passages extending
directly through the sides and the diaphragm.
2. A radiator comprising a series of sections communicating with each other at
one end and having its outer sections directly connected at its opposite end,
diaphragms in said sections substantially as described, and a series of pipes ex-
tending through the sections and forming air passages, substantially as described.
3. A radiator comprising a series of sections directly connected at one end by
a series of short nipples, and having the upper and lower sections connected
directly at the opposite end by a pipe screwed into the upper section and extend-
ing into the lower section, the lower end of said pipe being provided with a long
thread, and a collar mounted thereon, as and for the purposes set forth.
4. In combination with the base and its burner; a hot water radiator mounted
thereon comprising a series of connected sections; passages extending through
said sections one above the other; a series of pipes mounted in said passages
and communicating with the base and its burner; and a chamber mounted upon
the top of the radiator in direct communication with the upper ends of said
pipes, whereby the products of combustion are confined, substantially as described.
5. In combination with the base and its burner; a hot water radiator mounted
thereon comprising a series of connected sections; passages extending through
said sections one above another; a series of pipes of an external diameter smaller
than said openings and mounted therein, said pipes communicating with the
base; and a chamber mounted upon the top of the radiator in direct communica-
tion with the upper ends of the pipes, whereby the products of combustion are
confined and air is permitted to pass up and around the entire exterior of the
pipes.
6. A hot water radiator comprising a series of sections directly connected at
one end; a pipe L connecting the outer sections at the opposite end; a collar i
formed integral with the lower section and extending toward the bottom thereof,
whereby a trap is formed for the lower end of the connecting pipe.
7. In a radiator, the combination of the base provided with air passages ex-
tending therethrough; a series of sections mounted upon said base, and also
provided with openings in line with the passages in the base; and a series of

page_text: tubes passing down through the openings in the sections and resting upon the
base.
8. In a radiator, the combination of the base provided with air passages m
extending therethrough; rings or collars m¹ formed around said air passages
and extending up from the base; a series of sections mounted upon said base,
and also provided with openings in line with the passages in the base; and a
series of tubes passing down through said openings in the sections and resting
upon the base around the rings or collars.
9. In combination with the base and its burner; a radiator section mounted
thereon having depending sides f inclining down from one end to the other, and
a down drop g at the lower end of said depending sides; a series of sections
mounted on said bottom section and connected thereto; and a top section con-
nected to said intermediate sections and also directly connected with the down
drop.