IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Norris, of Wood Green, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
Scaled the 8th February 1876, and dated the 20th August 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Norris at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th August 1875.
I, JAMES NORRIS, of Wood Green, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHOD OF ACTUATING OR GIVING MOTION TO WASHING MACHINES AND
CHURNS," to be as follows:-
:-
Washing machines require to be worked both forward and backward
in order to produce good effect in cleaning clothes or other articles. To
effect this purpose costly machinery with crossed straps and gearing to
reverse the drum or operating parts of the washing machine has hitherto
been employed.

page_text: For the purpose of my Invention I apply the toothed wheel and
sliding bearing commonly known as the "Baker's Patent mangle
motion" for the purpose of reversing the motion of the washing machine
which may actuate either a drum or grated hollow wheel with divisions
or midfeathers revolving in a cylinder, or the outer cylinder containing
ribs or beaters may revolve and be reversed, as above described, without
requiring an inner drum, as is well understood.
The washing apparatus to which my improvements are applicable
may be greatly varied, and when the drum is of large capacity I divide
it into compartments so as to separate the contents.
I also use the same arrangement of mechanism applied to churns or
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Norris in the Great Scal Patent Office on
the 19th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
NORRIS, of Wood Green, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said James Norris, Her special
license that I, the said James Norris, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Norris, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF ACTUATING OR GIVING MOTION TO WASHING MACHINES AND
CHURNS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Norris, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and

page_text: in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE; that I, the said James Norris, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
Washing machines require to be worked both forward and backward
in order to produce good effect in cleaning clothes or other articles. To
effect this purpose costly machinery with crossed straps and gearing to
reverse the drum or operating parts of the washing machine has hitherto
been employed.
For the purpose of my Invention I apply the toothed wheel and
sliding bearing commonly known as the "Baker's Patent mangle
motion" for the purpose of reversing the motion of the washing machine
which may actuate either a drum or grated hollow wheel with divisions,
or midfeathers revolving in a cylinder, or the outer cylinder containing
ribs or beaters may revolve and be reversed, as above described, without
requiring an inner drum, as is well understood.
The washing apparatus to which my improvements are applicable
may be greatly varied, and when the drum is of large capacity I divide
it into compartments so as to separate the contents.
I also use the same arrangement of mechanism applied to churns or
beating machines where it is desirable to reverse the motion.
And in order that my Invention may be clearly understood and
readily carried into practice, I will proceed to describe the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a front elevation; Figures 2 and 3, side views;
and Figure 4, a transverse section of a washing machine constructed in
accordance with my Invention.
a is a drum made of iron, wood, or any suitable material revolving on
its axis a¹, a¹, which is made hollow to allow the axis of the interior
drum driven by the pulley b' to revolve independently of the outer

page_text: drum a, which is kept stationary when in use by the pin c.
Motion is
given to the pulley by a band from the drum d* of the wheel d, and
the rotary movement alternately in opposite directions of the large
reversing rack or toothed wheel de which is driven by the pinion d'
mounted on the shaft e driven by a band over the fixed pulley e¹ on the
axis e.
'
The backward and forward motion of the wheel d is effected as
follows: When motion is imparted to the fixed pulley e¹ the shaft e
and pinion d¹ revolve with it, the teeth of the pinion d'engage on the
outside of the rack or toothed wheel d² until the projecting end of the
shaft e enters the conducting groove d³, and the teeth of the pinion d'
working against the end peg of the rack the shaft is raised in the slot e³,
and the wheel & reversed by the pinion constantly revolving in one direc-
tion while it acts alternately on the outside and inside of the periphery of
the wheel d, thus causing the motion of the inside drum b to be reversed
so as to revolve in opposite directions alternately.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is or may be performed or carried into practice, I
would have it understood that the arrangement of the apparatus for
washing or churning to which my improvements may be applied may be
greatly varied, and to which arrangements I make no claim; but what
I do claim is, the improved method of actuating rotary washing machines
and churns by the adaptation and application thereto of "Baker's
mangle motion" or equivalent mechanism, whereby the washing or
churning drum or vessel is caused to revolve for a certain time in one
direction, and is then reversed by the action of the mechanism so as to
revolve for a time in the opposite direction, substantially in the manner
and for the purpose herein-before described and represented in the
Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Norris, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-