Improvements in Steam Turbines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 27th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 27th Apr., 1892-Accepted, 28th May, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Turbines.
I, The Honourable CHARLES ALGERNON PARSONS, of Heaton Works,
Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of Durham, Engineer, lo hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in the various detail arrangements and
construction of steam turbines and its object is to increase the efficiency and
economy of such motors.
My improvements comprise a novel construction and method of attaching the
blades to the rings or discs; a new arrangement of balance piston designed to
minimize leakage; a method of bolting the rings or discs together on the turbine
spindle the use of a large disc with blades to expand the steam to a very low
pressure when a condenser is adopted and an application of the principle of the
relay to solenoid electrical governors for steam turbines such as I have described
and claimed in the Specification of my Patent No. 1120 of 1890.
B
The object of my improvement in blades is so to arrange and construct the rings
and discs as well as the fixed and moving blades that the blades shall be strong to
resist the great forces to which they are subjected and shall at the same time be so
accurately and evenly curved as to avoid undue frictional and eddy resistance to
the steam in passing through them. At the same time strong and suitable
materials are allowable for the discs and blades.
In forming the blades in accordance with my present invention from sheet metal,
as brass, delta metal, copper or steel, I cut the piece to form each separate blade
and curve each to the desired curve in a suitable die; I also head or upset one
edge of each on the side to be attached to the disc or ring. In the discs I turn or
cut convenient grooves and prepare to fit these grooves, strips of brass or other
metal of the requisite softness of rectangular section which lie in and nearly fill
the circular grooves. On one side of these softer metal strips I cut a number of
grooves corresponding in number and outline with the number and carve of the
blades. These grooves are made by special cutters arranged to move in a
constrained curved path and each blade drops into a groove, its upset side or edge
forming the root of the blade. The strip is dropped into the groove the metal
between the blades is then caulked or fullered and so the blades are firmly fixed in
place in the groove. The metal strip may be cut when in the straight and it may
be curved afterwards to fit the groove in the ring or disc or it may be curved
before cutting. The caulking fixes the blades firmly in the soft brass and binds
the whole tightly in the groove and the blade openings may afterwards be adjusted
or ganged to the desired opening.
In
I thus form a ring of blades of great strength and of any desired curve.
cutting the groove in the ring or disc I prefer to make it of two widths the wider
above and of the depth of the blade which lies in its groove so that the edge of
the blade may be properly bent at its extremity.
In my new arrangement of balance piston improve upon the construction
described and claimed in my Specification to Patent No. 14994 of 1890 by
providing very deep projecting faces rotating in corresponding recesses and I
groove or serrate these faces circumferentially so that the grooves fit close or near
to each other and so leakage is avoided. To keep the rotating piston true and
tight on the turbine spindle I mount it upon a conical part of the spindle so that
it may be readily pulled up and by this modification avoid leakage at the
Spindle.

page_text: Another part of my invention relates to fastening the discs on the turbine
spindle and for this purpose I construct the spindle with a collar at one end and
into this collar 1 screw or otherwise attach long bolts or studs which pass through
holes in the turbine discs and through holes in the balance piston. The discs are
thus screwed up and firmly held on the spindle together with the balance piston.
This arrangement I find to be much superior to the large nuts which I have
hitherto used for the same purpose.
My invention also relates to turbines intended for great expansion and
exhausting into a condenser. In those turbines I provide a large disc carrying
blades on one or preferably both of its faces and the steam after passing through a
sufficient number of turbine pairs to reduce its pressure to atmosphere or nearly
so, passes by one or both faces of the large disc and by its impact between fixed
and moving blades gives up its energy and passes to the condenser being first
reduced in pressure till very little energy is left to be carried to the vacuum.
The large disc is arranged as an outward flow radial turbine and the passage
communicating with the condenser surrounds it so that the steam passes on one or
both sides of the disc from the turbine through the fixed and moving blades.
My invention lastly relates to improvements upon the type of electrically
controlled governor for steam turbines described and claimed in the Specification
to my Patent No. 1120 of 1890. In that Specification I describe a steam
admission valve as controlled by the direct action of a solenoid which operates to
close the steam valve or allow it to open as determined by the load. The
governing was performed by throttling and the valve was opened by a spring when
the electrical current and therefore the suck of the solenoid was diminished.
When current increased then the solenoid core was pulled in and the steam was
cut off or throttled.
My present invention is intended to improve that arrangement so as to obtain
greater power to move the steam valve and greatly increased sensitiveness and
sometimes obtain an intermittent or pulsating admission of steam.
These
advantages I obtain by the use of a relay to supply the solenoid operating the
valve the relay being actuated by the main current or other current showing its
fluctuations in a prearranged manner.
The relay may consist of an electro magnet and armature operating contacts
which when made pass a sufficiently powerful current to a main solenoid or electro-
magnet in such manner that the core or armature operates the steam valve to
open or close it.
I prefer however to use solenoids both for the relay and valve
lever or connection and a very sensitive and powerful governor constructed in
accordance with my invention is arranged and acts as follows:-In the case of an
engine working a dynamo where it is desired to keep the potential of the dynamo
constant, I arrange the relay to be wound with a fine shunt coil across the poles of
the dynamo. I also similarly arrange the windings of the solenoid to work the
steam admission valve, the current at the latter being taken across the contacts of
the relay. When so arranged the combined action is to admit steam when the
potential is below the normal for which the relay is adjusted and to cut off steam
when above the normal, thus securing both a dead beat governor of extreme
accuracy of action and also an essentially intermittent and quick admission of
steam and a quick cut off of varying periods according to the load.
There are several accessories to the arrangement which are more or less
essential to its efficient and durable operation and have the object of preventing
the sparking on the breaking of the current at the contacts of the relay which
sparking would prevent its working properly and might cause the contacts to stick.
I introduce a non-inductive resistance across the contacts the resistance being
commensurate with or greater than that of the main solenoid as may be found
best. This much diminishes sparking.
I also adopt an arrangement for breaking the current automatically at massive
contacts by the action of the main solenoid or by a subsidiary solenoid or electro-
magnet or other device. By this the wear of current breaking comes upon other

page_text: contacts than those of the relay which latter are thereby preserved in good order
and the action of the relay is rendered more certain accurate and instantaneous.
This breaking can be arranged to take place at a certain interval of time after
the make by the relay or it can be arranged to take place when the steam valve
has been opened to a certain extent or in any other way to attain the desired
distribution of steam to maintain regularity of motion of the engine and suitable
admission of steam to perform its work.
:
An additional safeguard against sparking at the relay contacts which I generally
adopt is to wind the relay solenoid with a few additional cores in series with the
current through the contacts the effect of which is to tend to keep the relay
contacts close while current is passing across them and thus to compel the break to
be made by the other contacts arranged for the purpose. The mode of working is
as follows the speed of the turbine being too slow and the potential therefore
low the relay makes contact and passes the current to the main solenoid which
at once sucks in its core and opens the steam valve; upon opening the steam valve
a certain distance however contact is broken by the movement of a flat spring or
lever. Breaking contact interrupts the current through the main solenoid and so
the core is pulled out again, by a spring or weight and steam valve moves towards
closing this makes contact again then if the potential be still too low and the
relay contacts made the main solenoid receives current again and draws in the core
thus keeping the steam valve open, The steam valve thus moves towards closing
a determined number of times per minute so long as the relay sends current by
reason of the potential being below the normal. This arrangement may be
modified to act as a cut off expansion valve. When the relay breaks contact by
the rise of potential to the normal point then the main solenoid gets no current
and the steam valve remains closed until speed falls again. The turbine is thus
governed by a cut off with varying intervals of time between each series of
openings and closings of the steam valve the periods varying with the loads upon
the turbine. This type of governor has also the great advantage that by causing
the steam valve to be opened by the suck of the main solenoid and closed by a
spring, weight or other outside actuating power, in the event of any sudden break
in the main circuit whereby the current ceases and the load is removed from the
the main solenoid and
dynamo then no current is available for acting on
consequently the steam valve at once automatically closes and prevents the engine
from attaining a dangerous speed.
In one convenient arrangement of relay and main solenoid I mount the core of
the main solenoid upon the end of a long lever connecting to the steam supply
valve and arrange a spring to close the steam valve while the solenoid when in
action sucks in the core and opens the steam valve. The lever actuates a screw
projection furnished with a rubber pad and this pad after the steam valve has been
opened a certain distance strikes a flat steel spring which ordinarily presses a
platinum contact piece attached to it against a fixed contact piece. This breaks
contact and the solenoid core at once returns and the spring tends to close the
valve which again makes contact and pulls in the core moving the lever to break
5 again. The whole action resembling on a large scale the action of the well known
contact breaker used on Rumkorf coils; while this goes on the steam valve
remains open. The spring carrying the contact piece is also operated by a spring
returned hand knob so that when desired the contact break may be made by hand
in order to stop the turbine.
The screw piece carrying the striking pad is made adjustable so as to vary the
amount of steam valve opening permitted before breaking contact and also to vary
the period of the opening and closing to give the most effective expansion due to
cut off action. A non-inductive resistance is arranged to prevent sparking,
across these contacts as well as those of the relay or one non-inductive resistance
5 may be used in common with the relay.
A convenient arrangement of relay consists of a solenoid wound as hereinbefore
described with a tubular core supported on one end of a balanced lever so as to be

page_text: applicable on board ship. The lever is moved to pull the core out of the solenoid
by means of a spiral spring coiled round a spindle or knife edges on which the core,
and balance weight balances. This spring is attached to a work wheel operated
by a screw to vary the spring resistance to the suck of the solenoid on its core.
The contacts are made by contact pieces preferably of platinum of which one is
attached to the lever and the other is fixed.
I prefer to cause contact to be made and the current passed to the main solenoid
when potential falls for reasons herein before stated but the governor may also be
applied by increase of potential sending current and closing the steam valve.
The breaking can be arranged to take place at a certain interval of time after
the make of the relay or it can be arranged to take place when the steam valve
has been opened to a certain extent as described.
In this class of governor I may use any form of relay or make and break
arrangement which also may be worked electrically by shunt or series coils or may
be worked mechanically in any way such as by governor balls. Instead of the
main solenoid I may use an clectro-motor of any description worked from the
current produced by the engine and dynamo or power from any other convenient
source and may introduce any subsidiary or intermediate relay and work the
main valve by steam or other power.
I may use also a similar arrangement when the relay instead of making and
breaking contact works a small valve and in this case I substitute a piston for the
main solenoid above described and the electric current by a fluid current of steam
or other motive fluid to operate this piston the essential point being the attainment
of accurate governing and intermittent admission of steam.
Dated this 26th day of June 1891.
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Turbines.
1. The Honourable CHARLES ALGERNON PARSONS, of Heaton Works, Newcastle-
on-Tyne, in the County of Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in the various detail arrangements and
construction of steam turbines, and its object is to increase the efficiency and
economy of such motors.
My improvements comprise a novel construction and method of attaching the
blades to the rings or discs: a new arrangement of balance piston designed to
minimize leakage; a method of bolting the rings or discs together on the turbine
spindle the use of a large disc with blades to expand the steam to a very low
pressure when a condenser is adopted, and an application of the principle of the relay
to solenoid electrical governors for steam turbines such as I have described and
claimed in the Specification of my Patent No. 1120 of 1890.
In order that my invention may be readily understood, I append hereunto five
sheets of explanatory drawings to be hereinafter referred to.
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 illustrate my new method of attaching blades.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of a turbine with my new arrangement of
balance piston shown thereon, also illustrating the method of bolting the rings or
discs together on the turbine spindle, and use of a large disc with blades to expand
the steam to a low pressure when a condenser is adopted.
Figure 6 shows the balance piston on a larger scale.
Figures 7 to 12 illustrate my relay arrangement in which Figure 7 is an
elevation showing the main solenoid and lever as applied to a steam turbine, and
Figures 8 to 12 illustrate the details separately on a larger scale.

page_text: The object of my improvement in blades is so to arrange and construct the rings.
and dises as well as the fixed and moving blades, that the blades shall be strong to.
resist the great forces to which they are subjected, and shall at the same time be so
accurately and evenly curved as to avoid undue frictional and eddy resistance to the
steam in passing through them. At the same time strong and suitable materials are
allowable for the discs and blades.
In forming the blades in accordance with my present invention from sheet metal,
as brass, delta metal, copper or steel, I cut the piece to form each separate blade
and curve cach to the desired curve in a suitable die as in Figure 1, which is a
sectional plan; I also head or upset one edge of each, ou the side to be attached to
the disc or ring as Figure 2 showing a section.
In the discs turn or cut con-
venient grooves as a Figure 3, and prepare to fit these grooves, strips of brass or
other metal, of the requisite softness of rectangular section, which lie in and nearly
fill the circular grooves. On one side of these softer metal strips (Figure 4) I cut
a number of grooves corresponding in number and outline with the number and
curve of the blades. These grooves are made by special cutters arranged to move
in a constrained curved path, and each blade drops into a groove, its upset side or
edge forming the root of the blade. The strip is dropped into the groove, the
metal between the blades is then caulked or fullered, and so the blades are firmly
fixed in place in the groove. The metal strip may be cut when in the straight, and
it may be curved afterwards to fit the groove in the ring or disc, or it may be
curved before cutting. The caulking fixes the blades firmly in the soft brass, and
binds the whole tightly in the groove; and the blade openings may afterwards be.
adjusted or gauged to the desired opening. thus form a ring of blades of great
strength and of any desired curve. In cutting the groove in the ring or disc, I
prefer to make it of two widths, the wider above, and of the depth of the blade
which lies in its groove, so that the edge of the blade may be properly bent at its
extremity.
In my new arrangement of balance piston I improve upon the construction:
described and claimed in my Specification to Patent No. 14994 of 1890, by
providing very deep projecting faces a', a², a³, a rotating in corresponding recesses.
as shown at Figure 5, and I groove or serrate these faces circumferentiallly as seen
on a larger scale at Figure 6, so that the sets of grooves , 1, 3, etc. fit close or
near to each other and so leakage is avoided. To keep the rotating piston E.
(Figure 5) true and tight on the turbine spindle A., I mount it on a conical part of
the spindle so that it may be readily pulled up, and by this modification I avoid
leakage at the spindle.
Another part of my invention relates to fastening the discs on the turbine spindle,.
and for this purpose I construct the spindle A. with a collar c at one end, and into.
this collar I screw or otherwise attach long bolts or studs c, c which pass through
holes in the turbine discs as B, B1, B2, B3, B4, B and B and through holes in the
balance piston E. The discs are thus screwed up and are firmly held on the spindle
together with the balance piston. This arrangement I find to be much superior to.
the large nuts which I have hitherto used for the same purpose.
My invention also relates to turbines intended for great expansion and exhausting
into a condenser. In these turbines I provide a large disc as B (Figure 5) on one-
or preferably both its faces, and the steam after passing through a sufficient number
of turbine pairs to reduce its pressure to atmosphere, or nearly so, passes by one or
both faces of the large disc and by its impact between fixed and moving blades,.
gives up its energy, and passes to the condenser, being first reduced in pressure
until very little energy is left to be carried to the vacuum. The large disc is.
arranged as an outward flow radial turbine, and the passage communicating with the
condenser surrounds it so that the steam passes on one or both sides of the disc from.
the turbine through the fixed and moving blades.
My invention lastly relates to improvements upon the type of electrically
controlled governor for steam turbines described and claimed in the Specification-
to my Patent No. 1120 of 1890. In that Specification I describe a steam admission.

page_text: valve as controlled by the direct action of a solenoid which operates to close the
steam valve or allow it to open as determined by, the load. The governing was
performed by throttling, and the valve was opened by a spring when the electrical
current, and therefore the suck of the solenoid was diminished. When current
increased then the solenoid core was pulled in and the steam was cut off or
throttled.
My present invention is intended to improve that arrangement so as to obtain
greater power to move the steam valve, and greatly increased sensitiveness; and
sometimes I obtain an intermittent or pulsating admission of steam.
These advantages I obtain by the use of a relay to supply the solenoid operating
the valve, the relay being actuated by the main current or other current sharing its
fluctuations in a pre-arranged manner.
The relay may consist of an electro magnet and armature operating contacts.
which when made, pass a sufficiently powerful current to a main solenoid or electro
magnet, in such manner that the core or armature operates the steam valve to open
or close it. I prefer however to use solenoids both for the relay and valve lever or
connection, and a very sensitive and powerful governor constructed in accordance
with my invention is arranged and acts as follows-In the case of an engine working
a dynamo where it is desired to keep the potential of the dynamo constant, I arrange
the relay to be wound with a fine shunt coil across the poles of the dynamo. I also.
similarly arrange the windings of the solenoid to work the steam admission valve,
the current to the latter being taken across the contacts of the relay. When so
arranged the combined action is to admit steam when the potential is below the
normal for which the relay is adjusted, and to cut off steam when above the normal,
thus securing both a dead beat governor of extreme accuracy of action, and also an
essentially intermittent and quick admission of steam, and a quick cut-off of varying
periods according to the load.
There are several accessories to the arrangement which are more or less essential
to its efficient and durable operation, and have the object of preventing the sparking
on the breaking of the current at the contacts of the relay, which sparking would
prevent its working properly and might cause the contacts to stick. I introduce a
non-inductive resistance across the contacts, the resistance being commensurate with
or greater than that of the main solenoid as may be found best. This much
diminishes sparking.
I also adopt an arrangement for breaking the current automatically at massive
contacts by the action of the main solenoid or by a subsidiary solenoid or electro-
magnet or other device. By this the wear of current breaking comes upon other
contacts than those of the relay, which latter are thereby preserved in good order,
and the action of the relay is rendered more certain, accurate and instantaneous.
This breaking can be arranged to take place at a certain interval of time after
the make by the relay, or it can be arranged to take place when the steam valve
has been opened to a certain extent, or in any other way to attain the desired
distribution of steam to maintain regularity of motion of the engine, and suitable
admission of steam to perform its work.
An additional safeguard against sparking at the relay contacts which I generally
adopt is to wind the relay solenoid with a few additional coils, in series with the
current through the contacts, the effect of which is to tend to keep the relay
contacts close while current is passing across them, and thus to compel the break to
be made by the other contacts arranged for the purpose. The mode of working is as
follows: -the speed of the turbine being too slow, and the potential therefore low,
the relay makes contact and passes the current to the main solenoid, which at once
sucks in its core and opens the steam valve; upon opening the steam valve to a
certain distance however contact is broken by the movement of a flat spring or lever.
Breaking contact interrupts the current through the main solenoid, and so the core
is pulled out again by a spring or weight and the steam valve moves towards
closing this makes contact again, then if the potential be still too low and the relay
contacts made, the main solenoid receives current again and draws in the core, thus

page_text: ceping the steam valve open. The steam valve thus moves towards closing a deter-
ined number of times per minute so long as the relay sends current by reason of the
otential being below the normal. This arrangement may be modified to act as a
ut-off expansion valve. When the relay breaks contact by the rise of potential to
he normal point, then the main solenoid gets no current and the steam valve
emains closed until speed falls again. The turbine is thus governed by a cut off
with varying intervals of time between each series of openings and closings of the
team valve, the periods varying with the load upon the turbine. This type of
governor has also the great advantage that by causing the steam valve to be
pened by the suck of the main solenoid and closed by a spring, weight or other
outside actuating power, in the event of any sudden break in the main circuit
whereby the current ceases and the load is removed from the dynamo, then
no current is available for acting on the main solenoid and consequently the steam
valve at ouce automatically closes and prevents the engine from attaining a dangerous
speed.
In one convenient arrangement of relay and main solenoid I mount the core c¹
(Figures 7 and 8) of the main solenoid c upon the end of a long lever c² connecting
to the steam supply valve stem e³ and arrange a spring at e to close the steam.
valve while the solenoid c when in action sucks in the core c' and opens the steam
valve. The lever e² actuates a screw projection d furnished with a rubber pad, and
this pad after the steam valve has been opened a certain distance strikes a flat steel
spring e which ordinarily presses a platinum contact piece el attached to it against a
fixed contact piece. This breaks contact and the solenoid core e' at once returns,
and the spring at tends to close the steam valve, which again makes contact and
pulls in the core c' moving the lever e² to break again. The whole action resembling
on a larger scale the action of the well known contact breaker used on Rumkorf
coils. While this goes on the steam valve remains open. The spring e carrying
the contact piece e is also operated by a spring retained hand knob so that
when desired the contact break may be made by hand in order to stop the
turbine.
The screw piece & carrying the striking pad is made adjustable so as to vary the
amount of steam valve opening permitted before breaking contact and also to vary
the period of the opening and closing to give the most effective expansion due to
cut off action. A non-inductive resistance such as (Figure 9) is arranged to
prevent sparking across these contacts as well as those of the relay, or one non-
inductive resistance may be used in common with the relay.
12
A convenient arrangement of relay Figures 10, 11 and 12 consists of a solenoid
wound as herein before described with a tubular core g supported in one end of a
balanced lever g so as to be applicable on board ship. The lever is moved to
pull the core out of the solenoid by means of a spiral spring coiled round a
spindle or knife edges on which the core g' and balance weight balances. This
spring is attached to a worm wheel operated by a screw to vary the spring
resistance to the suck of the solenoid on its core. The contacts are made by
contact pieces, preferably of platinum, of which one is attached to the lever g²
and the other is fixed.
I prefer to cause contact to be made and the current passed to the main
solenoid when potential falls for reasons hereinbefore stated, but the governor
may also be applied by increase of potential sending current and closing the steam
valve.
The breaking can be arranged to take place at a certain interval of time after the
make of the relay or it can be arranged to take place when the steam valve has been
opened to a certain extent as described.
In this class of governor I may use any form of relay, or make and break
arrangement which also may be worked electrically by shunt or series coils, or may
be worked mechanically in any way such as by governer balls. Instead of the
main solenoid e I may use an electric motor of any description worked from the
current produced by the engine and dynamos, or power from any other convenient

page_text: source, and I may introduce any subsidiary or intermediate relay and work the
main valve by steam or other power.
I may also use a similar arrangement when the relay, instead of making and
breaking contact works a small valve, and in this case I substitute a piston for the
main solenoid above described and the electric current, by a fluid current of steam
or other motive fluid to operate this piston, the essential point being the attainment
of accurate governing and intermittent admission of steam.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In rotating balancing pistons of steam turbines, serrated faced grooves
arranged in the circular projections, rotating and fixed, for the purpose of minimising
leakage, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated at Figures 5 and 6
of the accompanying drawings.
2. In steam turbines, bolting the rings or discs together on the turbine spindle
by long bolts fixed to a flange, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described, special reference being had to Figure 5 of the drawings.
3. In steam turbines, bolting the rotating balancing piston on a conical part of
the spindle by bolts, also fastening the discs, substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described, reference being had to Figure 5 of the drawings.
4. In steam turbines, a large disc as in Figure 5 in combination with a series of
smaller discs for expanding the steam to pass to a condenser substantially as
described.
5. Attaching turbine blades, separately formed, to a disc by means of a ring or
strip grooved to receive the blade, which ring or strip is placed in a groove in the
face of the disc, and the blade is firmly secured by caulking, substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated with special reference to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of
the accompanying drawings.
6. In steam turbines, actuating or controlling the steam supply valve electrically
by solenoid or electro magnet and relay, so as to obtain greater power to operate,
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
7. The apparatus for actuating and controlling a steam valve hereinbefore
described and illustrated at Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the accompanying
drawings, consisting essentially of a main solenoid as e with a core as or equivalent
electro magnet, contact breaking lever, main contacts as e', ', and relay solenoid
as with core or equivalent electro magnet actuating relay contacts as g', 9°
together with the necessary wire connections and winding.
8. The use in combination with a relay of a separate break arrangement to
relieve the contacts of the relay from the deterioration of the breaking action,
and to compel break at other suitable contacts, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
9. The use of series windings on a relay, substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described.
Tatal this 9:41 1. £
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.