matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPASSES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herman Schoening at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1881.
HERMAN SCHOENING, of Bute Road, Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, Mariner.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPASSES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
My Invention is designed to supply a novel and accurate apparatus by which
the bearing of the astronomical poles, or the angle made by any other point in the
horizontal plane with the said poles, may be at any time ascertained either by the
solar or an artificial light, so as to afford readings similar to, but more correct than,
those of the ordinary magnetic compass, and to give an easy and simple method for
finding the error, variation, and diviation of the magnetic needle.
My apparatus consists necessarily of a convex or concave mirror, from the centre
of which projects vertically a style of any suitable material. This style is either
fixed or adjustable.
Above or below is a moveable compass ring on which may be marked the usual
compass points and divisions.
This ring may have a wire stretched between the poles or other device, by which
it may be adjusted to the image of the style.
The
The direction of the poles may be ascertained by noticing the direction in which
the reflection of the vertical style is thrown on the convex or concave mirror, when
the style is truly vertical to the mirror and the eye in a perpendicular line to it.
This reflection always indicates the true astronomical north and south.
compass ring being adjusted so that its north and south axis lies in the same line
as the reflected image of the style, the actual position of a ship or any external
object may be ascertained by an indicating point inside the compass box
representing the axis of the ship, or by a suitable reflection representing the external
object whose position it is required to ascertain.
The whole apparatus is supported on gimbals.
Diaphragms may be fixed so as to show when the style is truly vertical and the
eye in the perpendicular line. The instrument may be fitted with an azamuth style,
and with a contrivance to ensure its being horizontal at the time of observation,
such as a clinometer or spirit level. A portion of the mirror may be left transparent,

page_text: and the surrounding card be also transparent to admit of the passage of light from
a side lamp, so that the light may be thrown from a reflecting mirror to light the
style and card.
My instrument may be most conveniently used as a compass corrector by which
to ascertain the error or diviation of a magnetic compass, but it may also be used
as a standard compass for setting a ship's true course on the adjustable card, the
helm being so adjusted that the north and south axis of the set card coincides with
the reflected image of the vertical style.
When required, the reflection of the style may be reflected by suitable mirrors,
so as to bring it conveniently before the eye of the steersman or person using the
compass.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WORKING UP BUTTER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Whitehead Whinnerah at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th August 1881. A com-
munication from Raymond Whinnerab, of Leadville, in Lake County, and
State of Colorado, United States of America.
"
RICHARD WHITEHEAD WHINNERAH, of Redlynch, near Salisbury, in the County
of Wilts. AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WORKING UP BUTTER." [A com-
munication from Raymond Whinnerah, of Leadville, in Lake County, and State of
Colorado, United States of America.]
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for working up butter, which
is of simple construction, effects a considerable saving in labour, is cleanly in use,
and allows of the butter being worked up in the hottest weather without handling,
while large quantities can be operated on in a short space of time.
The apparatus consists of a sloping funnel shaped trough or table having raised
sides and mounted on feet, at the lower end of which table is pivoted a hand lever
forming a presser, made smooth on the one side and fluted on the other to form
ducts for conveying away the water and moisture from the butter in process of
manufacture.
The presser is capable of being reversed on its pivots, so as to bring either side
into use as required.
In order to work up the butter it is placed in the trough or table, and the
prenger rocked on its pivots by hand, so as to cause the grooves or flutes on the
under face of said presser to cut through the mass of butter and form channels,
down which the butter milk runs into a tub or bucket placed at the lower end of
the trough for the purpose.
For putting salt in the butter the same action is employed, the salt becoming
thereby thoroughly incorporated with the butter.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Le Sueur at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September 1881.
CHARLES LE SUEUR, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTOR."
"A PERPETUAL
My Invention has for its object to utilize the attraction and repulsion of magnets
for obtaining motive power. In its simplest form my apparatus for producing
continuous rotary motion is constructed as follows:-A number of horse-shoe
magnets are attached to the inside of a fixed ring, in the centre of which is
mounted a movable shaft perpendicular to the plane of the ring and carrying a
number of arms provided at their extremities with horse-shoe magnets. Each of
the movable horse shoe magnets is attached to the corresponding arm at the neutral
zone and turns its poles against the fixed ring, while the fixed magnets turn their
poles towards the interior of the ring in such a manner that their north poles *
get periodically opposite the north poles of the fixed magnets, and the south poles
opposite the south poles of the fixed magnets when the latter revolve with the
central shaft. To ensure a continuous rotary motion instead of an oscillating
motion of the movable magnets, that is to say, to prevent the repulsion of the
movable poles by the fixed poles of the same polarity while a movable magnet
approaches a fixed magnet, the magnets are not placed radially, but form an
angle with the radius of the ring, and each of the fixed magnets is enclosed by a
non-diamagnetic (insulating) substance, such as ivory, india-rubber, gum lack,
leaving only an aperture in front of each pole, through which aperture the magnet
can act on the movable magnets whenever the latter get in front of the poles of
the fixed magnets. The axis of the shaft and of the ring may be vertical or
horizontal, and there may be two or more magnets in each system. The apparatus
may be made to act by attraction only instead of repulsion, and instead of a rotary
motion a reciprocating motion may be obtained by placing one or more movable
magnets opposite one or more fixed magnets, the former being attached to a frame
which is guided in a straight line and connected with one or more helical springs
which act contrary to the fixed magnets. After the frame has been moved one way
by the fixed magnets the motion is reversed by placing a non-diamagnetic screen
between the fixed and the movable magnets, so as to allow the spring or springs to
draw the frame backward.
AN IMPROVED CLOCK PROVIDED WITH A WEIGHING APPARATUS AND OTHER ACCESSORIES FOR POSTAL PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Nadal at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1881.
"
JEAN NADAL, of Southampton Row, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
AN IMPROVED CLOCK PROVIDED WITH A WEIGHING APPARATUS AND OTHER
ACCESSORIES FOR POSTAL PURPOSES."
. My Invention relates to an apparatus which I term a post-office clock, and
which comprises a time piece and letter box provided with means for indicating
the weight of letters and parcels, the hours of collection and delivery, the days of
the week and month, the rates of postage for different countries, and other
particulars.
The body of the said apparatus which forms the box or receptacle for the letters
and parcels may be constructed of wood or other suitable material, and of any
convenient dimensions.
The clock face is placed near the top with its face exposed at one side of the said
box. On the top of the box I arrange a scale in which the letters or parcels are
placed to be weighed. In combination with this scale is an index or pointer,
preferably arranged to move to and fro over the clock face and indicate on a
graduated and figured are the weight, in ounces or fractions of an ounce or other-
wise, of the letters or parcels, and the cost of postage or value of stamps required
in each case.
The said scale is so arranged in combination with a weighted rod that a single
weight on this rod will, in the deviation of the latter from its vertical position,
correctly indicate the weight of the letters or parcels and the cost of postage on
the said graduated arc.
In combination with the clock-face I may provide maps, and I place at the sides
of the said clock-face, upon painted or other surfaces, the names of various countries
and the rates of postage.
Below the clock-face I arrange the compartment for letters and provide the
same with an aperature for the reception of the letters and with plates or tablets
udicating the hours of delivery and collection. Also with a calendar which
ndicates the year, the month, and the day of the month and week, and which may
be adjusted or regulated by hand. Below this calendar I provide the said box

page_text: with a drawer to contain postage stamps. The base or lower portion of the said
*box forms a receptacle for newspapers or other large parcels, and is provided with
a suitable aperture for their reception.
and
The door of each part of the box opens from the top on hinges at the bottom
edge, and has sides to prevent the falling out of the letters or other newspapers
parcels when this door is open.
From the above description it will be seen that my Invention provides an
apparatus which will afford all the information necessary for the correct posting of
letters and other packages, and the said apparatus will be very convenient in many
cases, particularly in hotels, clubs, country mansions, and other public or private
houses, where it is desirable that information as to postal requirements should be
always readily obtainable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edward Surridge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1881.
JAMES EDWARD SURRIDGE, of Windlesham, in the County of Surrey, Clerk
in Holy Orders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES."
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of bicycles by which
the forward impetus of the rider, when the machine is suddenly stopped by any
obstruction, is converted into a downward pull upon the back bone of the bicycle
by means of suitable levers, and the risk of overturn thus obviated, and further,
a means is afforded of keeping the rider over the driving cranks when the wheel is
turned obliquely.
In my improved mode of construction the crosshead and backbone are built
rigid. The fork bearing the driving wheel, driving gear, and lever (to be hereinafter
specified) is free to turn so as constantly to maintain the general relative positions
of the latter in whatever direction the driving wheel may be. The sides of the
fork are prolonged below the bearing of the driving wheel, and to each lower
extremity is pivotted a long lever curved in the form of a letter S, crossing the axis
of the fork at the reversal of the curve with a bearing conveniently near or
actually upon the driving crank shaft. The upper extremities of the curved levers
carry the saddle, and their lower extremities carried beyond the pivot, or the lower
extremities of the fork-framing may be formed into pulleys.
Attached to the levers, between the pivot and the bearing where they cross the
axis of the sides of the fork, is a cord or chain; this cord or chain passes through
a pulley upon the back-bone close to the hind wheel, and may also be passed over
pulleys on the fork and through the pulleys at the lower extremities of the curved
lever or prolongation of fork.
In order to prevent the lever from rising from its bearing when the machine
encounters slight obstructions, or rattling upon it, a spring may be applied, the
resistance of which will be overcome by any unusual strain.
The curved levers are made far enough apart under the saddle to allow of
steerage, and the cord or chain attaching the levers to the backbone, and through
Die 1

page_text: which the downward drag is communicated whenever the lever is moved forward
by the stoppage of the driving wheel and continued impetus of the rider,
accomodates itself sufficiently through the pulleys to admit of the front wheel being
turned for the purpose. Purchase for steering is afforded by the rigid crosshead,
and the saddle may be conveniently constructed with knee guards or so as to
afford the rider a good grip upon any sudden stoppage.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND OR PREPARATION FOR CLEANSING, RESTORING, OR POLISHING JEWELLERY AND SOME OTHER KINDS OF METAL WORK
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Jesty at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August 1881.
EDWARD JESTY, of Yeovil, in the County of Somerset. "A NEW OR IMPROVED
COMPOUND OR PREPARATION FOR CLEANSING, RESTORING, OR POLISHING
JEWELLERY AND SOME OTHER KINDS OF METAL WORK."
The Invention has for its object a new or improved compound or preparation for
cleansing, restoring, or polishing jewellery and some other kinds of metal work,
which compound or preparation is more especially applicable to the cleansing,
restoring, and polishing of coloured gold and silver jewellery, ornaments, and other
articles.
For this purpose I take of best rouge 1 grain, prepared washed whiting 240
grains, strong ammonia 120 grains, and water 599 grains.
These materials are to be well mixed, and just before use the bottle containing
the same is to be well shaken.
The proportions of the ingredients used may be somewhat varied from those
above given.
A SELF COMPENSATING PRESSURE REGULATING APPARATUS FOR GAS, WATER, OR OTHER FLUIDS OR VAPOURS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cambell Stevenson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1881.
JAMES CAMBELL STEVENSON, of 17, Layland Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer. "A SELF COMPENSATING PRESSURE REGULATING APPARATUS
FOR GAS, WATER, OR OTHER FLUIDS OR VAPOURS."
This Invention has reference to a self compensating pressure regulating
apparatus by which the flow of fluid into a main or other passage or receptacle
is so regulated as to produce a constant or approximately constant pressure.
According to this Invention the flow of fluid takes place through or past a valve
or opening controlled by mechanism subject to the pressure of the fluid in the
main or receptacle whose pressure is to be regulated. This pressure acts upon
a flexible diaphragm, which can be more or less weighted as required.
In one form of apparatus, according to this Invention, suitable for the regulation
of gas, a main or receptacle is provided with two unequal branch openings, and
between the two openings is placed a fixed fulcrum carrying a lever extending right
and left across the openings. Both openings are closed by flexible diaphragms
secured between the covers and the flanges. The first or lesser opening or branch
at the inlet end of main is provided with a suitable valve and valve spindle or
rod, which rod passes through the flexible diaphragm and cover, and is attached
with a joint to the before mentioned lever.
The second opening or branch, which is much larger in area than the first, has a
rod or spindle rising from the flexible diaphragm and coupled to the said lever
with a joint and pin. The lever is of sufficient length past the two spindles or
rods to allow of a balance weight being placed at each end if required, so as to
compensate for the different pressures which may exist on the inlet and outlet
sides of the valve. Should the pressure in the outlet of the main increase or
diminish beyond that for which the apparatus is set the second or larger diaphragm
will be raised or lowered thereby, and actuating the lever will cause the valve to
close or open sufficiently to bring the pressure again to the determined point.
It is obvious that such apparatus may be constructed in modified forms adapted
for use with different fluids and liquids, and for use under different circumstances
without departure from the essential feature of my Invention.
BOAT DETACHING GEAR."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Simey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1881.
ALFRED SINEY, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham.
BOAT DETACHING GEAR."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates to improvements in that class of boat detaching gear in
which a locking plate having a button hole shaped slot in it slides beneath the
thwart and engages with a ball on the tackle block, the said plate having a rack
at its under side gearing with a toothed segment on a pendent weighted lever by
which the locking plate is operated, a similar arrangement of gear being used at
each end of the boat.
My Invention has for its object to simplify the working of this gear and render
it perfectly reliable and self-acting, so that on the boat being lowered and becoming
completely water borne, it will be automatically detached at both ends simul-
taneously, but will not be disengaged at either end alone when partly water
borne.
According my Invention I so modify the gear that when the boat is attached
and the gear locked, the weighted lovers are in the raised instead of being in the
lowered position, and the weight of the boat as then attached prevents the said
levers from falling; but on the boat being waterborne the gear is relieved of its
weight and the levers fall, thus drawing back the sliding locking plates and
detaching the boat.
To accomplish this it is only necessary to reverse the position, with regard to the
weighted levers, of the slot in the sliding locking plates, which engago with the
ball-blocks of the boat lowering tackle, and are geared with the weighted levers as
before.
In order to ensure that the gear at both ends of the boat shall be disengaged
together, I attach a line or wire to the end of the weighted lever at the stern of
the boat and (both levers being in the raised position) carry it down through
fairleaders and up again to the thwart or other fixed part above the weighted
lever at the bow, and attach it from above to the end of said lever. Similarly,
I attach another line or wire to the lever at the bow end and carry it down through
fairleaders and up to the thwart above the lever at the stern end and attach it to
said lever from above, thus preventing the gear at one end being released unless
that at the other end is free to be released also.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BODY GARMENTS FOR FEMALES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Denton Cardew at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Madame Desirée du Mont neé Stra, of Paris France.
GEORGE DENTON CARDEW of Cannon Street in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BODY GARMENTS FOR FEMALES."
[A communication from abroad by Madame Desirée du Mont neé Stra, of Paris
France.]
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of female body
garments including dresses, corsets, bodices, chemises and underclothing, and it has
for its object to enable a mother or nurse to suckle an infant in public without
exposing her bosom to view or to the cold air, which is dangerous to the health of
the mother or nurse and is liable to prejudicially affect the quality and quantity of
the milk.
As female garments are ordinarily made, it is necessary to undo and turn back
all of the body garments in order to give a child the breast which is very incon-
venient and in some cases highly dangerous to health, and consequently when in
the open air, the mother or nurse is either compelled to run unnecessary risks
and expose herself to public gaze, or the child must be deprived of needful
sustenance.
My Invention has for its object to avoid all these objections and to enable an
infant to be suckled as easily in public as in private, and as applied to corsets, it
consists in constructing the corset with a vertical opening or slit opposite each
breast extending from the top downwards to within a short distance of the waist,
the said openings or slits being closed by buttoning, lacing, or otherwise so as to
be readily opened when required. In order to render these openings or slits
available for the purpose intended, the bones or stiffeners of the corset must be
arranged in such a manner as not to interfere with the turning back of the parts
of the corset at either side of the openings, in order to give the child access to the
breast.
In the case of high necked garments, in which category chemises would, for
the purposes of this Invention, be included, vertical slits are made extending
downwards from the shoulder to the waist, the same being closed by buttoning or
otherwise and concealed by over lapping trimmings.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING WEATHER PROOF PAINT OR VARNISH
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Otto Wolff at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1881. (A communication by
Ernst Richard Berger, of Blasewitz, near Dresden, in the Kingdom of
Saxony.)
OTTO WOLFF, of 12, Schloss Strasse, in the City of Dresden, in the Kingdom of
Saxony, in the German Empire. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING
WEATHER PROOF PAINT OR VARNISH." (A communication by Ernst Richard
Berger, of Blasewitz, near Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony.)
I have found by continuous experiments during several years that oil paint or
varnish is more or less easily destroyed by weather according to the quantity of
raw ochre or other uncalcined earth or any other coloring substance it contains,
whereas the admixing of silicates which have been highly calcined increases its
weatherproof power. The higher the temperature to which the silicates have been
exposed in calcining the more durable the paints or varnishes mixed with such
silicates become.
My process of manufacturing weather proof paint or varnish consists in adding
silicates which have been calcined or exposed to fire to the oil colors employed as
paint, and in employing burnt colors alone in order to attain any requisite shade
of color.
In order to produce a perfectly weatherproof black, for example, I pulverize
hammer scale. This powder I intensely mix with an oil varnish and thereby
attain an admirable weather proof paint or varnish.
In order to attain a weather proof white I employ pulverized porcelain.
In order to produce lively colors I employ burnt colors alone and simply add
either powder, scale, or powdered porcelain and powdered scale, or only powdered
porcelain, according to the shade of color to be produced.
My process of producing weather proof paint or varnish has nothing in common
with the process of mixing colors with sulphate of baryta, which is principally
applied to adulterate colors, is soluble in ulmic or humic and spring salt acid
alkalies, passing when brought in contact with alkaline carbonates into soluble
carbonate of baryta, and is therefore unable to resist the influence of the weather,
thereby preventing the process of changing the oil varnish into resinous matter.
The silicate employed by me can, after having been exposed to fire, only be

page_text: affected by fluoric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and are therefore able to completely
resist all influences of the weather.
The process of conversion into resin begins immediately in a high degree, and
as it increases in proportion to the intensity with which the said conversion
commenced, most extraordinarily advantageous results are attained.
The indestructibility and durability is caused by the circumstance that the
pulverized silicate acts in a similar manner as sand does in slacked lime of mortar.
It prevents the formation of tiny cracks in the varnish in drying, which said
cracks admit the destructive and decomposing action of damp and climatic
influences.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILS, APPLICABLE ALSO AS RIVETS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Noad at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1881.
JAMES NOAD, of Ham, in the County of Essex. "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILS, APPLICABLE ALSO AS RIVETS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES."
My Invention refers to the employment of leather, gutta-percha, wood, india-
rubber, or their equivalents, in the manufacture and use of the heads of nails, steel
points, screws, or pegs, and the Invention is applicable to use in connection with
the soles of boots and shoes.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I cut the heads or hobs of any desired
shape and size (thickness or otherwise), and I insert into same the nails, steel
points, or screws, which may be of any shape, size, or construction.
In using these nails, or screws, or pegs, in the manufacture of or in connection
with the soles of boots and shoes, they are inserted in the sole or soles, and when
necessary the shanks act as rivets; the heads or hobs form the wearing surface.
Boots or shoes fitted or made with apparatus, as before described, are durable
and at the same time comparatively noiseless, and form a firm and good foot hold
for walking, whether on smooth or uneven surfaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DRYING OF CLOTH AND APPARATUS THEREFOR.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lloyd Wise at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th January 1881. A communication
from abroad by Jules Varinet, of Paris, France.
"
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7; Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DRYING OF CLOTH AND APPARATUS THEREFOR.' (A
communication from abroad by Jules Varinet, of Paris, France.)
According to this Invention, cloth (etoffe) to be dried is conducted from a
chamber, I will call the outer chamber, through an opening into a drying chamber,
in which it is led backwards and forwards over rollers, and from which it is
returned through another opening to the outer chamber, where it may be plaited or
otherwise treated. Hot air is caused to enter the drying chamber at the top and
to descend, and in so doing to abstract moisture. from the cloth; this air is
exhausted by any suitable apparatus through openings in the floor. The passage
of the cloth is or may be effected by one or more tenters (ramenees on secheuses)
carried on frames and driven by endless chains and pulleys or ratchet wheels.
A Sheet of Drawings illustrative of the Invention is appended, in which Fig. 1
is a sectional plan, and Fig. 2 a longitudinal sectional elevation of drying apparatus
according to to this Invention. A is the drying room; B, the outer chamber;
C, C, exhausting holes; D, entrance for hot air; E, cloth under treatment;
F, F, frames of tentering machine; G, G, ratchet or chain wheels; H, cloth coming
from the drying chamber; I, cloth entering the drying chamber; and J doorways
that can be opened when required to admit workmen. The illustration is given
only by way of example, and I do not confine myself to the precise details
shewn.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR SWELLING AND WELDING OR UNITING METALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th January 1881. A communication
from abroad by Hector Godefroid Julien, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert & Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "A NEW
OR IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR SWELLING AND WELDING OR UNITING METALS."
A communication from abroad by Hector Godefroid Julien, of Brussels, in the
Kingdom of Belgium.
This Invention relates to a compound for thickening or swelling and welding or
uniting metals after having been made red hot; it is obtained by mixing iron or
steel filings, borax, and sal-ammonia, or their known equivalents in the following
proportions or near thereto :-
Iron or steel filings, 100 parts.
Borax, 50 parts.
Sal-ammonia, 3 parts.
This compound is applicable,
1. For swelling metal of various kinds and of any shape.
2. For welding or uniting various kinds of metals, such as wrought iron, steel,
malleable iron.
For carrying out these operations the metals need not be heated beyond a
cherry tint, so that neither the quality of these metals nor their form is subjected
to alteration.
IN FENCES, GATES, AND OTHER LIKE ENCLOSURES OR CLOSURES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Rowell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1881.
DAVID ROWELL, of Poet's Corner, in the City of Westminster.
IN FENCES, GATES, AND OTHER LIKE ENCLOSURES OR CLOSURES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention relates to improvements in fences, gates, and other like enclosures
or closures, whereby great strength and rigidity are economically obtained.
In carrying out my Invention as applied to the construction of a fence, for
example, I form the longitudinal rails of the fence of a tubular or hollow section
produced by taking two bars or pieces of sheet metal of a concave form with flat
or convex edges, and attaching the same together with the concave parts opposite
each other by rivets, overlapping edge, or other similar means. Or I inay construct
the rails of two lengths of flat iron, T iron, or L iron of suitable section, with a
strip of sheet iron rivetted on between them, or two flat bars may be used, bolted
together with the interposition of distance pieces. With the rails thus constructed
(and which may be employed in any required number) I combine posts or uprights
of any suitable section, either of metal or of wood, preferably the former. I may
combine with the rails wire, wire netting, or vertical rods placed between the two
halves of the longitudinal rails of the sections herein before described.
In the construction of gates I may combine with the rails corrugated metal
sheets, either galvanized or otherwise.
The Invention is also applicable to hurdles and other like purposes.
IN THE DRIVING GEAR OF TRICYCLES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Townsend at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1881.
THOMAS TOWNSEND, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick.
IN THE DRIVING GEAR OF TRICYCLES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention has particular reference to improvements in the driving gear of
tricycles by which I am enabled to transmit equal driving power to both the
main wheels of such machines, either backwards or forwards, in such a manner that
either of the wheels may run faster or slower than the other in order to give
greater facility in turning corners, and to avoid the general tendency of moving
in a circle which tricycles have when driven by one only of the main wheels.
In accomplishing this desirable object I do not alter the general appearance of
the machine or of its parts to any great extent. I will explain my Invention as
applied to a tricycle driven by a chain wheel. In this case all the mechanism
would be contained inside the body of the said chain wheel, which would be
constructed as follows:-To the rim of the wheel for carrying the chain I cast or
otherwise secure a plate, or arms would do, upon which I fix a pair or several
pairs of studs for carrying small spur pinions. The plate of the chain wheel is
bored out to fit over the boss of a spur wheel (which we will call A) which is
keyed or otherwise fastened upon the shaft connected to one of the main wheels.
To the other main wheel I fix a disc or plate which carries another spur wheel (B);
these together enter into the recess in the chain wheel, thus filling up its other
side similar to the fast plate already mentioned, which is cast fast to the chain
wheel. Thus we have two spur wheels and one or more pairs of spur pinions, but
for the immediate purpose of explanation we will say one pair of spur pinions,
which we will call C and D. Now the pinion C gears into the spur wheel A, and
by its extra width also into the other spur pinion D, and the spur pinion D gears
into the spur wheel B. Thus the two spur wheels are connected through the two
pinions to the fast plate of the chain wheel. When the machine is worked the
pinions are carried around with the plate of the chain wheel, taking with them the
spur wheels which are secured to the driving wheels. When however it is required
to turn round corners either wheel is quite free to turn quicker or slower than the
CD 71

page_text: other, and thus no impediment is offered to the tricycle or other machine to which
the Invention may be applied turning corners while both the wheels are driven
with equal force (or practically so) when going straight.
I also produce the same effect by the use of an external and internal spur wheel
with one or more pinions fast to the plate of the chain wheel which gear into both
of the wheels, but in this latter case there would be a little difference in the speed
of the machine when turning to the right or left hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL AND OTHER GLASS OR GLASS WARE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Davis McDermott Farrall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1881.
THEOPHILUS DAVIS MCDERMOTT FARRALL, of Bermondsey, in the County of
Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL AND OTHER GLASS
OR GLASS WARE."
This Invention relates to improvements whereby new and special ornamental
effects are produced in all kinds of glass and glass-ware. It consists in applying to
the semifused surface of the glass intended to form the desired object mixtures of
crystals of the metallic nitrates and chlorides, then subjecting the mass of glass
with the said crystals adhering thereto to the action of carbonic acid gas, and
finally in blowing or moulding the said mass of glass and crystals.to the desired
form.
For this purpose I gather a piece of glass metal from the melting pot on the end
of a glassmaker's ordinary blowing iron, and fashion or shape it roughly into the
form technically called a ball. I then roll this ball in a mixture of the crystals of
a metallic nitrate and chloride, such as for example, nitrate and chloride of silver
placed in suitable moulds or vessels. The crystals attach themselvs to the semi-
fused mass of glass, which, with the crystals adhering thereto, is then subjected to
the action of carbonic acid gas. In some cases, before being subjected to the
carbonic acid gas, the mass of semifused glass, with the aforesaid crystals adhering
thereto, may be "crackled "by immersion in water, and then reheated and subjected
to the action of the carbonic acid gas, as before.
After being subjected to the action of the carbonic acid gas the ball or mass of
glass and crystals of metallic nitrate and chloride are reheated, and blown, or
moulded, or otherwise formed in the usual way into the object it is desired to
produce.
The colour of the ornamentation thus produced is dependant upon the metal, the
nitrates and chlorides of which are employed. The nitrates and chlorides are
mixed in proportions according to the depth of colour required, a preponderance of
chlorides deepening or darkening the colour, and a preponderance of nitrates
weakening or lightening the colour. Various shades, gradations, or varieties of
colour may be produced in the same article by employing the appropriate metallic
nitrates and chlorides or mixtures thereof.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BOLTS FOR FASTENING DOORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Hickman Windsor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August 1881.
ARTHUR HICKMAN WINDSOR, of Brentwood, in the County of Essex. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BOLTS FOR FASTENING DOORS."
This Invention relates to the method of and the construction of bolts for fastening
doors in such manner that when a door is bolted the fact of its being so is made
known to any one at or approaching on the other side of the same, thus rendering
unnecessary the annoyance frequently experienced for the occupier or occupiers of
private apartments, water closets, &c.
For this purpose, instead of the usual hand knob by which bolts are slid back-
wards and forwards, I employ å ring so fitted to the bolt proper that when it is
slid into the fastening position the said ring may be turned down so as to engage
in a notch or slot or projections provided in the bolt plate, somewhat similar to the
notch usual in bolt plates for the knob spindle to take into.
A small knob or spindle, of which one end is connected to the bolt, passes freely
through a horizontal slot in the bolt plate and door to the outer side of this latter,
where at its other end a flat plate is screwed on.
Upon moving the bolt backwards and forwards the spindle and the plate on the
outside of the door also move with it. A signal or word, such, for example, as
occupied," "engaged," or "bolted" is placed or fixed on the outer side of the door,
and under the said plate so as to be unmasked by the plate when the bolt is in
the fastened position the signal or word is then seen, and covered over when it is
in the unfastened or open position. The ring previously referred to being turned
down (when the bolt is in the fastened position) so as to engage in its notch or slot,
prevents the bolt being tampered with from the outside of the door by pushing the
said plate back.
In the event of any one taken ill in the closet or apartments, &c., &c., it is only
to unscrew the said plate, insert a small knife or rod in the before mentioned
horizontal slot, push the ring forward to release it from the notch or slot, draw
back the spindle (which is connected to the bolt), the door is then unfastened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO UMBRELLAS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd April 1881. A communication
from abroad by Achille Gruyer, of Paris, France."
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO UMBRELLAS
AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES." [A communication from abroad by Achille Gruyer,
of Paris, France.]
In order to make umbrellas, parasols, and other like articles with a thin stick,
various methods have already been adopted, which comprise the employment of a
metal tube of small diameter and as thin as practicable. These hollow metal-
sticks have generally been coated with a black varnish. It has also been proposed
to cover thin hollow iron sticks with canvas and a thin veneer of wood, but this
covering has been found to swell owing to the effect of damp, and the action of the
runner has been hindered unless it has been given sufficient, play.
Now one object of the present Invention is to manufacture the sticks of
umbrellas and similar articles from iron tubes, and to give them the appearance of
wooden sticks. For this purpose I cover the iron tubes with an oil varnish having
a metallic oxide for its base; the particular oxide employed (iron or other) depends
upon the color of the wood which it is desired to imitate. Owing to the presence
of the metallic oxide, the varnish becomes as it were incorporated with the metal
of the stick and adheres very strongly thereto especially after having been dried in
a stove.
As the ends or tops of parasols and other like articles are now generally nickel
plated, gilt, silvered, bronzed, or otherwise ornamented, they must be made
separately from the varnished sticks. In order to fit or secure them to the sticks
I adopt the following means:-I insert into the top of the tubular stick a wooden
plug or inner stick. This plug or inner stick extends beyond the "top notch," and
may be secured by the same pin that secures the top notch. Its outer end projects
beyond the end or top of the tubular stick, and I affix thereto a tip or end which
is nickel plated, gilt, or otherwise ornamented. The plug or inner stick instead
of being of wood may be made of other suitable material, such, for example, as a
metal tube.

page_text: When the frames of umbrellas and other like articles in an uncovered state are
transported from one place to another, the joints of the ribs and stretchers rub on
the stick and injure the varnish. To obviate this I slip upon the stick before
fixing the top notch a small paper tube, which I run to the part of the stick where.
the joints of the ribs and stretchers come. This tube thus protects. the stick,
and it can be torn off after the silk or other covering has been applied to the
frame.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROTATORY HEELS FOR BOOTS & SHOES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clegg at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th May 1881.
WILLIAM CLEGG, of 47, Holywell Street, Strand, Boot Maker. "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROTATORY HEELS FOR BOOTS & SHOES."
An endeavour to make a rotatory heel that can be turned round at the will of
the wearer by the hand only.
First,
A disc of leather or metal with a square hole in the centre. Secondly, a metal
bolt with a spread head, next the head a section about of inche circular, then a
section about the same size square. The remaining portion to be a screw with a
nutt to fit.
How to make the Heel-I take a disc of leather with a hole in the centre the
same size as the circular section of the bolt, I place it on the bolt and nail it to the
heel part of the boot, the spread head being towards the foot when the boot is on
the foot. I then take three, four, of five pieces of leather, nail them together, cut
a circular hole right through them. This block constitutes the wearing part of
the heel. I then nail the disc with the square hole in the centre on to this circular
block of leather. I then place it on the bolt, the square hole in the disc fitting the
square section of the bolt. I drop over the bolt screw a slight washer & finally
turn the nutt home. The heel is them complete and can be turned by the hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TWIN SCREW SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ridley Oswald at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1881.
THOMAS RIDLEY OSWALD, of the Town and County of Southampton, Ship
Builder. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TWIN SCREW SHIPS OR
VESSELS."
My Invention is designed to increase the efficiency and speed of vessels propelled
by a pair of screw propellers, and reduce vibration.
For this purpose I construct such a vessel with, at the lower part, a double tail
and apertures and rudders, the two portions of which I join together below the
deck-line by a single upper stern forming a continuation of the main body or hull
of the vessel.
The construction is such that the two lower parts or extensions of the main body
or hull of the vessel constitute the double tail or after end, forming as it were the
tapering walls of a recess, the top of which is arched together till it dies into main
body, when the tails unite coincident with the buttock line of the single stern
above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS REFLECTORS FOR GAS AND OTHER LIGHTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1881. A
communication from Gerson Franke, of Hamburg, in the German Empire.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS REFLECTORS FOR GAS
AND OTHER LIGHTS." A communication from Gerson Franke, of Hamburg, in the
German Empire.
This Invention relates to the construction of single walled glass reflectors for
gas and other light, and to the mode of protecting the silver covering against outer
influences and damage. Glass reflectors for lamps have hitherto for that reason
been made double walled with the mirror covering applied to the inner side of
one or both walls enclosing the hollow free space between both walls, as no means
have been known to cover and protect the argentation safely against wear and tear
or damage from outer influences.
After
By means of this Invention one walled glass reflectors of perfect durability, and
which are not liable to damage of the covering caused by the heat of the flame or
flames, may be constructed by applying a coating of silver to the outer surface of
the glass, and after drying up of the silver coating by giving a covering of varnish,
composed of shellac, sandarac, mastix, venetian turpentine, and alcohol.
this coating has sufficiently been dried up a mineral coating of amber varnish is
applied to the article, which coating hardens when dry and produces a surface of
great durability to the reflector. The amber coating may be repeated, and by
mixing different colours designs and ornaments can be produced on the outer side of
the glass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR ALBUMS AND THE LIKE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Julius Boult at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1881. A communication
from abroad by John C. Koch, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of the Firm of Wm. P. Thompson and Co., Agents
for Foreign Patent Solicitors, of 323, High Holborn, London, in the County of
Middlesex, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and Berridge
Street, Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Engineer and Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR ALBUMS AND THE LIKE." A communication
from abroad by John C. Koch, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany,
The gradual increase in the thickness of an album in proportion as it is filled
with photographs makes a fastening device desirable, which can be adjusted
according to the thickness, that the fastening shall at all times be even and
secure.
Such a device is the subject of the present Invention, and consists essentially in
a clasp or bridge piece of suitable shape which fits over a stud on one of the
"backs" of the book in the ordinary manner.
The sides of the clasp slide in bearings upon or forming part of a cover or casing
which is hinged to the other "back" as usual. The clasp can slide in and out of
the cover as far as is necessary for the required accommodation, and its exact position
is regulated by a screw which may be turned by the thumb and finger.
IMPROVEMENTS IN A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT WITH THE TONE AND OF THE NATURE OF A FLUTE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Pool at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1881.
FREDERICK POOL, of Charleston, Kanawha County, West Virginia, in the United
States of America, at present temporarily residing at No. 3, Hawkesley Road, Stoko
Newington, in the County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN A MUSICAL
INSTRUMENT WITH THE TONE AND OF THE NATURE OF A FLUTE."
This Invention has for its object the production of musical notes with less effort
than required by any flute, clarionet, or any other similar musical instrument
hitherto used.
I attain this end by making two spheres of any size compatable with ordinary
useage, which spheres, though of different but proportionate dimensions, are joined
together at their respective ends.
These spheres, which may be either of wood, ivory, metal, or other suitable material,
are perforated in a special manner in order to produce the required sounds. The
orifice A 2, through which the breath passes to produce the required musical notes,
is in the upper end of the largest sphere, and is blown into in a somewhat similar
manner to that used in playing on an ordinary flute..
In the inside of the largest sphere a bar, either of wood, metal, glass, china, or any
other suitable material, is fixed diagonally.