IMPROVEMENTS IN TWISTING, WINDING, AND REELING YARN, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Garnett, of Low Moor, Clitheroe, in the
County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TWISTING, WINDING, AND REELING YARN, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN."
"
Sealed the 21st October 1856, and dated the 23rd April 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Garnett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd April 1856.
I, JAMES GARNETT, of Low Moor, Clitheroe, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN TWISTING, WINDING, AND REELING YARN, AND IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in giving an extra amount of twist on
the winding, reeling, or other suitable machine to yarn that has been spun in
the usual manner. It is well known to cotton spinners that it is much more
expensive to spin the yarn called twist than the yarn called weft.
My Invention consists in taking cops of yarn, spun in the usual manner, and
putting an extra amount of twist into this yarn, by putting the cops on the
spindles of the winding or reeling machine, and making these spindles revolve
at the proper speed and in the proper direction for giving the requisite amount
of additional twist to the yarn. In winding and reeling machines of the
present construction the spindles for the cops remain stationary, but they may
be made to revolve to effect my improvements in the same manner as the
spindles of mules or other machines of the like nature.
Another part of my Invention consists in placing the skewers for the cops

page_text: of ordinary winding machines in a vertical instead of a diagonal position, and
in dispensing with the brushes usually employed to clean the yarn, the cleaning
being effected by taking the yarn around a stud covered with flannel or other
suitable material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Garnett in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd October 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
GARNETT, of Low Moor, Clitheroe, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Garnett, Her special license that I, the said James Garnett, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Garnett, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN TWISTING, WIND-
ING, AND REELING YARN, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Garnett, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Garnett, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say) :-
The nature of my Invention consists,-First, in giving an extra amount of
twist on the winding, reeling, or other suitable machine to yarn that has been
spun in the usual manner, whereby the yarn called weft may be converted into
twist.

page_text: Secondly, in the application of four instead of two bobbins to each drum of
the ordinary drum winding machines to economise space.
Thirdly, in placing the skewers for the cops of ordinary winding or reeling
machines in a vertical instead of a diagonal position.
And, lastly, in dispensing with the brushes usually employed to clean the
yarn during the operation of winding and reeling, and to effect the cleaning
and impart the requisite tension to the yarn by passing it around studs covered
with flannel or other suitable material.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawing, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a machine for twisting and winding or
reeling yarn according to my Invention; Fig. 2 is a side view of part of the
same. a, a, are vertical spindles or skewers on which the cops of yarn after
they have been spun in the ordinary manner are placed; these spindles aro
supported in the bolster rail b and foot step rail c, and they are turned round
by bands passing around the drum d and around wharves on the spindles, as
in mules or other machines for spinning. The yarn from the cops is taken
once or more times round the studs e, e, which are covered with flannel or
other material, and fixed to the rods f, f, then through the guides g, g, fixed
on rails h, h, to which a lateral to-and-fro motion is given, as in other winding
machines of this description, to distribute the yarn evenly on the bobbins i and j,
which are turned round by the friction of the drums le fixed on the shaft l. The
bobbins i, i, are mounted on studs fixed to the levers m, and the bobbins j, j,
are mounted on similar studs fixed to the levers n, n; all these levers are
hinged to the rods o, o, by which arrangement the levers can be thrown back,.
and the bobbins removed from the studs with great facility. The rotary
motion is given to the drum d by a driving strap and pulley in the usual
manner, and the drums k are driven by the pulley d' on the shaft of the
drum d, and the pulley on the shaft 7 of the drums k. It will be apparent
that gearing may be substituted for the pulleys d and k¹, and that by varying
the relative proportions of the pulleys or wheels the quantity of twist may be
increased or diminished. The tension of the yarn is also capable of being
regulated by passing it a greater or less number of times round the studs e,
which, as before stated, are covered with flannel or other material, to cleanse
the yarn and to impart the tension, instead of the brushes usually employed.
The footsteps of the spindles a are made in moveable blocks c', the object of
which is to be able to slacken the band by which each spindle is driven, and

page_text: thereby to stop the rotating of any spindle when required. The block c¹ is
provided with a spring which holds the spindle in its vertical position, but if it
should be requisite to stop a spindle for piecing an end or other purpose while
the rest of the machine is at work, the attendant by pressing against the end
of the block c¹ overcomes the resistance of the spring, and causes the spindle
to assume a diagonal position, as shewn by a dotted line in Fig. 1, thereby
slackening the band and stopping the spindle; as soon as the attendant releases
the block the spring causes the spindle to regain its vertical position, and
the spindle is again set in motion by the band. This may also be effected by
a lever and weight instead of the springs, or by other means.
I wish to
observe that the extra amount of twist may be given to yarn by applying my
improvements to any of the other machines usually employed in winding and
reeling; the machine shewn in the accompanying Drawing is, however, the
one I prefer, as the yarn being wound on the bobbins by means of friction
ensures an uniform amount of twist throughout the entire bobbin, and two
bobbins being placed on each side of each drum k economises space in
the mill.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not limit myself to
the details herein set forth, as the same may be varied without departing from
the peculiar character of my Invention; but what I claim is,―
First, giving an extra amount of twist to yarn on the winding, recling, or
other suitable machine for the purposes described.
Secondly, the application of two bobbins to each side of the drum in drum
winding machines, as shewn and described.
Thirdly, placing the skewers or spindles of winding and reeling machines in
a vertical or nearly vertical position.
And, lastly, dispensing with the brushes usually employed in winding and
reeling machines, and substituting studs covered with flannel or other suitable
material in their stead.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Garnett, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
H. B. BARLOW, Manchester.
JAS. GARNETT. (L.S.)