IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO PROMOTE CIRCULATION IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Foulds, of Paisley, in the County of
Renfrew, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS TO PROMOTE CIRCULATION IN STEAM BOILERS." - A com-
munication from abroad by Robert Sinclair and William B. Mack,
residing at Detroit, Michigan, United States.
Scaled the 14th Junc 1870, and dated the 18th December 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Foulds at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1869.
I, WILLIAM FOULDS, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
IN APPARATUS TO PROMOTE CIRCULATION IN STEAM BOILERS," (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Robert Sinclair and William B. Mack,
residing at Detroit, Michigan, United States,) to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its objects to prevent incrustations in and
explosions of steam boilers, and to generate dry steam economically by

page_text: attaching to the boilers improved apparatus designed to secure the
thorough circulation of the water.
The apparatus consists of a casing made of boiler plate upon an angle
iron frame in an arched or semi-cylindrical form, being heated by a fire
within the arch, or by the otherwise waste fire gases from the main
boiler or other furnace. Pipe connections are made between the steam
boiler and the circulator apparatus to lead the water from the former to
the bottom of the latter at one end, and the internal space of the latter
is divided by partition strips so as to cause the water to travel backwards
and forwards and gradually upwards to the top, whence it is led through
a pipe or pipes back to the steam boiler. The tendency of the water to
ascend as it becomes heated will cause it to circulate rapidly through the
apparatus, and the current so produced will cause the desired circulation
in the steam boiler itself.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Foulds in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 16th June 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
FOULDS, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her leirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Foulds, Her special licence that
I, the said William Foulds, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said William Foulds, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
TO PROMOTE CIRCULATION IN STEAM BOILERS," (a communication to me from
abroad by Robert Sinclair and William B. Mack, both residing at
Detroit, Michigan, United States,) upon the condition (amongst others)

page_text: that I, the said wam Foulds, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Foulds, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say: -
The said Invention has for its objects to prevent incrustations in and
explosions of steam boilers, and to generato dry steam economically by
attaching to boilers (and more particularly stationary or marine boilers)
improved apparatus designed to secure the thorough circulation of the
water.
And in order that the said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, I have hereunto appended a Sheet
of explanatory Drawings to be hercin-after referred to, and showing the
improved apparatus as applied to a common horizontal cylindrical
boiler.
Figure 1 is a perspective view with part of the outer shell of the
circulator removed; and Figure 2 is a view showing the boiler in end
clevation and the circulator in transverse vertical section.
The circulator or circulating apparatus consists of a casing made of
boiler plate fixed on a framing A (of angle iron, or as is preferred)
of bar iron, of sufficient thickness for spacing the inner and outer
sheets B, C, of the casing, and for receiving the rivets which unite the
whole together. The circulator is made in an arched or semi-cylindrical
form, and is intended to cover the fire, and so interpose between the
boiler D and the immediate action of the fire, the gases from the fire
after passing along under the circulator being led by flues through or
alongside of the boiler; or the circulator may be otherwise disposed so
as to be heated by the otherwise waste heat of a furnace applied in the
ordinary way. Pipo connections E are made between the bottom of the
steam boiler D at one end to lead the water thence to the bottom of one
end of the circulator, and the internal space of the latter is divided by

page_text: partition bars F, so as to cause the water to travel backwards and
forwards and gradually upwards to the top, whence it is led through a
pipe G back to the steam boiler, this pipe entering the boiler near the
water level. The tendency of water to ascend as it becomes heated will
cause it to circulate rapidly through the apparatus, and the current so
produced will cause circulation also in the boiler D, every particle of the
water in which will in its turn find its way through the circulator. The
boiler D thus becomes to a great extent a simple reservoir for steam
and water, and as there is no violent commotion in it from excessive
heat the steam and water separate with facility, and the steam is given
off without priming and in a thoroughly dry state.
Having thus particularly described the said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I have to state that the Inventor
does not restrict himself to the precise details herein described or
delineated; but that what I believe to be novel and original, and claim
as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is, the applying of circulating apparatus substantially
such as is herein-before described in connection with steam boilers.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Foulds, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Fifteenth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
WM. FOULDS.
LDS. (L.S.)