IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TILLING Lu
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Fryer, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Railway Inspector, and John Fryer, of St. John's
Wood, London, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the
Invention of 66 IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TILLING
Lumn 19
Sealed the 17th November 1868, and dated the 21st May 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Fryer and
John Fryer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st May 1868.
We, ROBERT FRYER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Railway Inspector, and JOHN FRYER, of St. John's Wood, London, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
TILLING LAND," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to those agricultural machines which are
commonly called cultivators and which are used for stirring the soil.
In the apparatus we employ there is a framework mounted upon wheels.

page_text: and provided with a crosshead to which horses may be yoked, a seat
for the driver being placed behind. This framework carries another
frame capable of turning upon a centre at the front of the machine
and of being elevated or depressed by means of a screw or analogous
apparatus, and which may be made to yield to extraordinary pressure.
Carried by the moveable frame is a shaft on which there is a drum
provided with a number of teeth taking into the earth, and on the same
shaft is a pulley over which a chain passes for imparting rotatory motion
at an accelerated speed to another drum carrying angular tines which
enter the earth, and by their rotation break it up as the machine is
drawn forward. The top part of the machine is enclosed by a
casing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Fryer and John Fryer in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 21st November 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
FRYER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Railway Inspector,
and JOHN FRYER, of Saint John's Wood, London, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, and in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Robert Fryer and John Fryer, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Robert Fryer
and John Fryer, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times.
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TILLING LAND,"
upon the condition, amongst others, that we, the said Robert Fryer and
John Fryer, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Fryer and John Fryer,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that
is to say) :-
:-
Our Invention relates to those agricultural machines which are
commonly called cultivators and which are used for stirring the soil.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 represents the machine in side
elevation, and Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof. The framework is at a,
mounted on wheels 6, and provided with a seat c for the driver; at d, d,
are discs connected together by cross bars e, the whole forming a circular
framing for carrying series of teeth f, which take into the ground as
the machine is drawn forward. The axis of the discs d is carried by two
levers g, g, connected by cross bars, and which are capable of being
turned upward on a centre h mounted on the frame a, and the said
axis is provided with toothed wheels i over which chains k pass, and
from thence to other toothed wheels mounted on an axis m carrying
two discs n connected together by rods o, as in the case of those referred
to at e. To the rods o are attached series of prongs p, which are the
cultivating instruments. On one side of the driver's seat is a handle q
mounted upon a shaft r, on the other end of which is a bevelled
pinion 8, taking into another upon a cross shaft u, which is capable
of driving an upright shaft through the medium of pinions w, w¹.
This upright shaft is screwed and passes into a nut a mounted on a
cross bar, which connects the two levers g so as to be capable of
swivelling. The pinion w 1 is in gear with a pinion y on a cross shaft x,
which at its other end is provided with a handle . The machine is
drawn forward by means of the link 1, and the driver on the seat c.
can guide its motion by turning the wheel 6 through the handle 2, and
as it progresses the teeth f take into the ground so as to gain a hold
therein sufficient for becoming a driving medium for the instruments P,
which are thus caused to rotate by means of the chains k, and as they
revolve the ground becomes torn up and pulverized, the teeth shaving
also partially effected that object and prepared the soil for the complete
action of the instruments p, and as the toothed wheels are of less

page_text: diameter than the wheels i the said instruments are driven at an
accelerated speed. When it is desired to remove the instruments fand p
from the soil, the driver by turning the handle q gives motion to the
cross shaft u, and the upright shaft being thus caused to revolve turns
its screw in the swivel nut x, and thus elevates the levers g by causing
them to turn upon the centre p, or the said handle q may be turned
for regulating the depth to which the instruments p shall work; or if
it be desired to perform these operations by an attendant at the rear of
the machine, the handle z or 2 is turned, and the upright shaft will
be caused to revolve through the medium of the cross shaft x or u.
The shaft m is mounted with a little play in the levers g, and may be
adjusted by the screws 4 so as to regulate the tension of the chains k.
Behind the driver's seat is a shield 5 covering a portion of the series of
instruments f.
Fig. 3 is a detached view shewing the method we adopt for fixing
the instruments f, p, to their bars, and these instruments may be
varied in form according to the nature of the land or the preparation
desired.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire
it to be understood that we claim as secured to us under the above
in part recited Letters Patent and for the purpose above set forth,
the use of rotating tines or pulverizers driven by a rotating drum or
frame armed with projecting instruments which take into the earth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Fryer and John Fryer
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day of
November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-eight.