Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Lighting and Ventilating Rooms.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 21st Mar., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Lighting and
Ventilating Rooms.
I, GEORGE BRAY, of Blackman Lane, Leeds, in the County of York, Gas
Lighting Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what.
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is firstly to prevent the vitiation and heating of the
atmosphere caused by the products of combustion passing into the rooms lighted
by gas whereby injury is done to health, works of art and articles of virtue, and
secondly to provide means whereby the general ventilation of the room is improved.
In describing my invention in detail reference is made to the accompanying
drawings in which
Fig. 1 represents a vertical sectional elevation of my improved apparatus for
lighting and ventilating.
Fig. 2 is a detail showing the connection between the globe and vertical shafts
or tubes and
Figs. 3 and 4 details of the check or baffler.
In carrying out my invention, I construct an inner and an outer vertical shaft A
and B, with an open annular space C, between the two; these shafts may be of
varying lengths and both the inner and outer shafts terminate at the burner end in
conical form having an open annular space between the two.
The outer casing B at the ceiling end terminates in a cone D, which is connected
to a flue or conduit E, the inner shaft A terminates in a conduit F within the first-
named, and so long as these flues are horizontal, they are continued separately, the
one from the other, but on reaching a vertical shaft to the open air, the double fluo
is passed into a single vertical shaft terminating in the open air, at the top of
the building.
The gas is conveyed down the centre shaft A by means of a pipe H, which is
screwed into an iron plate H' secured to the beams or girders G, carrying the floor
or ceiling above. This supply pipe is carried down to a point below the apex of
the two bottom cones J and K, and to which is secured a four way or cross L, into
the right and left horizontal arms of which I secure two studs M, M, which are
passed through the two cones J and K, and by this means I support the whole
structure of the lamp and ventilator which have, hitherto, been carried by attach-
ments to the ceiling.
To the bottom of the four way or cross L, I screw a vertical pipe N and body
with arms carrying the burner or burners B₁, and beneath the two cones J and K,
I.support a globe O by attachments to the inside of the outer cone J, two of the
attachments P are fixed with projecting lugs, whilst the third is provided with a
movable hinged lug P₁ operated upon by a hand screw S. On placing the top rim
of the globe O on to the two fixed lugs P and passing the hinged lug P1 by means
of the hand screw S into the same position as the fixed ones, the globe is held
securely in its proper position.
Within the inner vertical shaft A, about the apex of the cone K, I place a check

page_text: or battler Q consisting of a disc made in two pieces and carried on the top of the
four way or cross L. This disc Q partially fills the area of the inner shaft A,
leaving an annular space T for the passage of the products of combustion.
The area of the inner shaft A is varied in relation to the length of its vertical,
and the size of the burners, that is to say, if ten-eubic feet of gas is burned per
hour, the-aren of the inner-shaft must be larger than in the case of a consumption
of fifteen eubie feet per hour.
The height of the vertical shaft, that is from the burners to the ceiling, must be
considered, as the up current will be stronger in proportion to the length.
The length of the horizontal double flues and the length of the vertical shaft to
the open, must also be taken into consideration as regards the friction in the former
and the strength of the draft of the latter.
It is impossible to give a fixed rule by which the area of the inner tube A. can
be decided, suffice it to say, that the object of the check is to so adjust the area,
that the whole of the products of combustion and the heated air from the globe
shall be carried away to the open air, and further that the draft up the inner tube
shall not be much stronger than is necessary to accomplish the above object, if it
were otherwise the steadiness of the flame or flames and their lighting power would
be materially affected.
It is however, possible that the varying circumstances within and without the
building, such as the shutting or opening of a door or window, or the varying gusts
of wind, may disturb the balance of adjustment as above described; in order to
prevent any of the products of combustion being carried into the room by the
disturbances referred to, I provide an overflow R being the annular space between
the two cones J and K, at the burner end of the vertical shafts, and in this way the
products of combustion and the heated air from the globe Ó, are certain to be
carried away to the open by the inner or outer shaft.
As to the outer shaft B, in addition to the duty of overflow from the inner one A
under the conditions named, the annular space C between the two carries off the
vitiated atmosphere from the room at the lamp level and also at the ceiling level
through perforations V₁ provided for the purpose in the positions shown upon the
drawing herewith.
The outer casing B is also for the most part, kept cool by the passage of air
between the inner and outer shafts, an important matter having regard to the
decoration of the outer casing B of the structure, which is thus preserved free
from damage.
As to the globe O, I use the ordinary globe with apertures top and bottom of
about the same area, but in order to insure the passing away of the products of
combustion and the heated gases from the globe either up the inner shaft A or
outer shaft B, I place the outer circumference of the upper aperture W of the
globe within the outer diameter of the outer cone with an air space V
between the top of the globe O and the bottom of the cone J, through which
air passes over the top part of the globe into the annular space at the
bottom of the cone by which arrangement a further advantage follows, that of
keeping the top edge of the globe cool and thus reducing the liability of the
globe to breakage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A gas lamp consisting of an inner shaft A, and an outer shaft B, both termi-
nating in conical form at the base suspended by pipe H and cross piece L having
a check plate Q supported by the pipe H all arranged substantially in the manner
shown and described and for the purpose as hereinbefore set forth.
2. In combination with the inner shaft A and outer shaft B with conical termi-
nations of a globe O the top of which is within the outer cone with an air space

page_text: between the top of the globe O and the bottom of the cone J the globe being
suspended all arranged substantially in the manner shown and described and for the
purpose as hereinbefore set forth.
Dated this 18th day of Fahmuary 1901
JOHN WAUGH,
Agent.