IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KETTLES SAUCEPANS COPPERS AND OTHER APPARATUSES EMPLOYED IN HEATING AND BOILING
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
We WILLIAM OUTTRIM of 5 Lawley Street Lower Clapton in the County of
Middlesex Solicitor's Clerk and HENRY WADE of 143 Farmers. Road Camberwell
in the County of Surrey Solicitor's Clerk do hereby declare the nature of our
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KETTLES SAUCEPANS
COPPERS AND OTHER APPARATUSES EMPLOYED IN HEATING AND BOILING to be as
follows:-
The improvements consist of a special formation of and addition to the base of
the vessel containing water or other matter to be heated or boiled and (where
circumstances require it) of and to the sides of the vessel the object being to take
advantage of special natural effects which the formation hereinafter described gives
and to present a large surface to the action of the heating agent and this is arrived at
by making holes in the base or sides of the kettle saucepan copper or other vessel in
which the improvements are made and inserting and fixing therein pendant hollow
cones or by inserting and fixing therein pendant cone-shaped hollow wedges of
suitable diameters and lengths (either to be of a curved shape if necessary) and in
the case of vessels heated by oil or gas flame of massing the hollow cones or cone-
shaped hollow wedges in numbers of say from six to twenty (according to size of
vessel) over the flame at a proper situation to ensure the largest heating power.
In the case of vessels heated by fire the hollow cones or the hollow cone-shaped
wedges would be either massed or farther apart and distributed over the base or
sides of the kettle saucepan copper &c. in which they may be employed. The said
hollow cones and cone-shaped hollow objects may be constructed of any suitable
substance and affixed by soldering or other means and may where desirable be cast
with the vessel to which they are applied.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
We WILLIAM OUTTRIM of 5 Lawley Street Lower Clapton in the County of
Middlesex Solicitor's Clerk and HENRY WADE of 143 Farmer's Road Camberwell
in tho County of Surrey Solicitor's Clerk do hereby declare the nature of our
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KETTLES SAUCEPANS
COPPERS AND OTHER APPARATUSES EMPLOYED IN HEATING AND BOILING and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
With the view of economising fuel and saving time it is of importance that
'vessels and things whose office is to heat and boil water should heat or boil the
same expeditiously.
It has been heretofore found that when a metal vessel having a tapering end of
the shape of a cone (the said vessel being hollow and so allowing of being filled with
water) is so filled with water and pressed down into a fire or is so placed in situation
that a fire can be built and set in action around it the result has been that inde-
pendently of the addition of a large henting surface there has been effected a rapid
heating and boiling of the water contained in such a vessel by reason of the hollow
conical end of the same being brought very intimately into contact with what may
bo.described as the essence of the heat which the firo has given This will be
palpable when the effect is considered of a hollow metal conc containing water
being by either of the means aforesaid placed in the centre or heart of a fire.
Now we claim as our invention an application to kettles saucepans coppers and
others apparatuses for heating and boiling water of a multiplication of and special
adjustment of the said tapering end of the shape of a cone and for the purpose of
such application the formation and adjustment of two modifications thereof suitable
for employment in kettles saucepans coppers and other apparatuses for heating and
boiling water.
The said modifications of the said tapering end consist of two particulars
namely
(1) The formation of a number of hollow cones hereinafter particularly described
suitable for application to general apparatuses for heating and boiling water.
(2) The formation of a number of hollow conical inetal objects of a wedge-shape
at the base thereof but circular at the top as in the case of the said cone the said
wedge-shape being more suitable for application in some circumstances (also
bereinafter described) than the cones.
"{
The modification just mentioned and numbered (1) is hereinafter called a cone
or "cones."
Tho modification numbered (2) is hereinafter called a "wedge" or "wedges" and
both are exhibited in the drawings lodged herewith together also with other
illustrations necessary to describe our said invention and the application thereof.
We make the cones of ordinary tin (meaning thereby the ordinary substance
made of sheet iron coated with tin aud called "tin ") and also of copper and of

page_text: iron (the last mentioned being employed when the cone is cast in a mould) and the
method of manufacture of the cones in tin or copper is as follows: We cut out
with the aid of a pattern pieces of tin or copper of a triangular shape the bases
thereof respectively being narrower than the sides and the said bases respectively
being also of the shape of the arc of a circle. We then bend round the two sides of
the triangular pieces of tin or copper until one side slightly touches or slightly over-
laps the other side and we afterwards solder or braze the two sides together in a
circular form. The curvature or are at the base of the triangle is made in order
that when the sides are bent into position as aforesaid the base of the cone thus
formed will be level and even all round and thus admit of being fastened on to
or rivetted to the base of the object on which the same is employed.
#
With regard to the wedges we follow a precisely similar course with the exception
that we similarly cut out a piece of either of the metals above named into this
shape
band then bend over the sides thereof marked "a" "b" as in the case
of the cone and solder or braze them together as before mentioned and we also in
such a case similarly solder or braze the lower end thereof when the sides are so
fixed together and the result is the construction of the hollow conical shaped wedges
herein before referred to the same being circular at top but flattened gradually
therefrom down to the lower end thereof.
The width and length of the cones and wedges and their number will necessarily
vary according to the size and purpose to which they are respectively applied but
the following will serve to convey our mode of procedure:-The result which the
application of our said invention effects is that when the cones or wedges are (as
bereinafter shewn) brought intimately into contact with fire or other heating agent
a number of small quantities of the water contained therein are almost instan-
taneously heated to a high degree and in obedience to natural laws are forth with
when so heated discharged into the bulk of the water contained in the vessels to
which our invention is applied and so heat and ultimately boil the said bulk.
We apply our said invention as follows:-
As to kettles (meaning thereby ordinary domestic kettles).
We first construct a kettle (employing the metals herein before mentioned) of
ordinary form (with the exception that the shape is circular instead of oval as
commonly made although of course any ordinary shape could be employed) capable
of holding two quarts of water or thereabouts (such a kettle being more particularly
shewn in the drawings herewith) and we then pierce or stamp out in the base of
the kettle five circular holes of three quarters of an inch in diameter or thereabouts
and at least two inches apart in every direction. We then take five of the hollow
cones and solder or braze them on over the holes respectively such cones respectively
being first manufactured by us in the manner hereinbefore described and they are
respectively of the following dimensions videlicet seven-eights of an inch wide
(or thereabouts) at the base thereof and two and a quarter inches in length or
thereabouts.
The reason for making the kettle circular in shape is that it will (being so
constructed) go down into a fire made in an ordinary grate with facility.
The said holes and the cones when so applied thereto are so situated that the
kettle when fitted with the cones will act most effectively by allowing the water
contained in the kettle to get the greatest available heat from a fire consistently
with allowing the kettle to stand firmly when not in use and placed on a flat
surface for instance and our method of so placing the cones in situation to this end
is as shewn in the drawings hereto.
We consider the adjustment of the cones a special feature in the success of our
said application of the cones because it prevents the fuel of the fire employed
clogging the cones as it would do if their placing in position were not properly
regulated and it allows of a kettle standing firmly when not on a fire without
danger of falling over from slight cause. Furthermore (which is of great
importance) the fire is assisted in "drawing" by this mode of application which

page_text: consequently hastens the heating and boiling and the fire would be retarded by a
closer adjustment as cones if placed close together on a flat surface like the base of
a kettle would have a tendency to cause a similar effect to that which would be
arrived at by thrusting one large object into a fire namely disintegrate the fire and
Bo allow of its "going out."
For similar kettles constructed to hold three or four quarts of water respectively
we follow a precisely similar course with the exception that we employ six and
eight respectively of the said cones of the sizes heroinbefore described.
Whether five six or eight cones are employed one of them is always in the
centre. This one we make one-eighth of an inch shorter than the others so that it
may not touch the surface upon which the Kettle may be resting when not in
use but allow of the Kettle resting upon the outer cones so as to ensure great
stability.
When a Kettle is fitted as herein before described it is filled or partially filled
with water and rapid heating or boiling of the water contained therein is obtained
by thrusting or "ramming" the base and cones down on to and the latter into
a fire and so bringing the cones into contact with the heart of a fire.
As to saucepans (meaning thereby ordinary domestic saucepans) precisely similar
remarks and directions respectively are applied and are to be followed.
Depth
18 inches
Holding capacity about 10 gallons.
We then pierce or stamp out ten circular holes of one inch and a quarter in
diameter in the base and back of the "copper" and we take ten of our wedges
made of copper or iron (it does not matter which) and of a diameter of one inch
and a half and depth of three inches respectively and braze or rivet the same on to
the base and back of the copper over the holes with the thin or narrow sides of the
wedges facing the end of the stoke-hole. In the case of fastening by rivets we
turn up a rim of a quarter of an inch in width at the base of each wedge (or else so
provide in piercing or stamping the holes that a pendant flange of the metal
forming the base of the copper of a quarter of an inch in depth is formed and we
make therein and correspondingly in the said copper twelve holes or thereabouts in
each of which wo insert a rivot of copper or iron and rivet the said wedges and
base together in the usual way.
The said holes are made by us a distance of three inches apart at least in every
way and the wedges are then attached and adjusted as appears in the said
drawings.
This adjustment we also consider of great importance for the reason that it is
necessary to provide in this case also against the clogging or caking of the fuel
forming the fire under the copper round the wedges and also for the purpose of
offering as little obstruction as possible to the blast in the stoke-hole of the copper
and to the regulation and management of the fire therein.
We employ wedges for coppers although cones could be employed.
When a copper titted with the wedges is placed in position over the stoke-hole
(as in the ordinary manner) it will be found that the greater number of wedges
admit of being placed into the fire therein or rather of having the fire in the stoke-
hole built round them so that they get the greatest amount of heat practicable
therefrom The wedge is also here valuable as while it does not obstruct the blast
it by reason of the extent of lateral surface presented to the action of the heat gets
from it in passing a maximum of heating power,

page_text: With regard to similar coppers of larger size we construct apply and adjust the
said means in the modo above described their size number and distance apart
necessarily varying however with the size of the copper its holding capacity and
the area of the bottom.
As to apparatuses for heating and boiling water other than hereinbeforo
specifically described we say that we apply wedges or cone or both in the manner
bereinbefore described in the case of coppers with the addition namely that their
width diameter and length will necessarily vary with the size of the apparatus to
which they respectively are fitted and similar remarks as to necessity for care
in adjustment of the said cones and wedges to those directed to coppers are
applicable.
Generally where the method of manufacture of kettles saucepans coppers and
other apparatuses for heating and boiling water is by casting we construct our
moulds so as to produce cones and wedges of similar dimensions and situation to
those hereinbefore described and alluded to.
Our said invention is also capable of application to Kettles and saucepans for
heating where the heating agent consists of the flames of gas oil or spirit and wo
then in each case fit two parallel rows of cones to the base of the Kettles or sauce-
pans in the following manner :-
To the Kettles firstly secondly and thirdly hereinbefore described respectively
and to the saucepans to which the said description is hereby also declared to be
applicable to rows of three four and five each respectively and of similar dimen-
sions but of the distance apart of at least three quarters of an inch in every
direction.
We then place the heating agent beneath the cones so that the flame goes up
between the said rows respectively not however turning up the flame to such a
height as would admit of the same emitting smoke.
The following is a description of the Drawings lodged herewith:-
Figure 1 shews the Cone and Wedge before attachment to any object to which
the same may be applied.
Figure 2 shews patterns in metal for cutting out a Cone and a Wedge.
Figure 3 shows an inverted specimen of application of the cones to the base of
a kettle or the base of a Saucepan.
Figure 4 gives a view of a kettle as constructed by us fitted with the cones and
intended to be used on an ordinary fire.
Figure 5 shows the application of the Wedge to a Copper.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
wo claim is
The formation and application in the manner hereinbefore described to Kettles
Saucepans Coppers and other Apparatuses for Heating and Boiling of a series of
Hollow Cones and of a series of Hollow Cone-shaped Wedges both made of metal
and of the form hereinbefore and in the Drawings herewith described and shewn.
Dated 09th Mauh 100
W. OUTTRIM.
HENRY WADE.