IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN OR COOKING RANGES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Badger at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1867.
I; JOHN BADGER, of the City of Worcester, Ironmonger, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN OR COOKING
RANGES," to be as follows:
My Invention consists, firstly, of the improvements herein-after described
in the construction of the fire-grates of kitchen or cooking ranges. The object
of this part of my Invention is to permit the depth or fire space of the grate,
and consequently the amount of 'fire therein, to be increased or diminished at
pleasure in a simple and efficient manner.
. In constructing fire-grates for kitchen or cooking ranges according to my-
Invention I make the grate capable of being raised or depressed in the fire-place
in which the said grate is fitted, or of being wholly removed from the fire-place.
The said moveable grate consists of a horizontal bottom plate or grating and
vertical side plates; between which side plates the front bars of the grate are fixed:
The bottom plate or grating can be removed from the side plates for renewal or

page_text: repair. Each of the side plates of the grate is furnished with two studs or
projections, one at the bottom and the other near the top of the said plate;
the top studs are inclined. In the inner sides of each of the uprights of the
fire-place of the range a longitudinal slot or groove is made, in which grooves
the lower studs described on the grate work, and to the front of each of the
said uprights a toothed bar or rack is fixed, the teeth of the said bars or racks
being inclined upwards. When the moveable grate is fitted in the fire-place
it is supported therein by its inclined studs or teeth engaging with the teeth of
the toothed bars or racks described, the other studs being engaged with the
vertical grooves in the sides of the fire-place. By giving to the grate a slight
upward movement the inclined studs or teeth may be lifted from the inclined
teeth of the bars or racks, and the said grate may either be raised or lowered
in the fire-place and re-engaged with the said bars or racks and again fixed.
By this means the depth of the grate and consequently the amount of fire
space is increased or diminished. Where necessary the fire grate may be
wholly detached from the fire-place. When greater depth of fire space is
required than that afforded by the moveable grate described separate bars
provided with studs for engaging in the vertical grooves in the inner sides of
the fire-place may be employed. Fire-grates constructed according to
my Invention are applicable to kitchen or cooking ranges of various kinds.
My Invention consists, further, of the improvements herein-after described
in those kinds of kitchen or cooking ranges in which the fire-grate may be
made an open fire-grate or a close fire-grate at pleasure. I open and close
the chimney hole of the range, and when the grate is an open one provide a
draught plate or box to the said chimney hole by means of a door constructed
as follows: I make the said door of three plates jointed to the back
plate of the range outside the chimney hole; one of these plates is
jointed at the top of the chimney hole and moves in a vertical plane, and
the other plates are jointed at the sides of the chimney hole and move
in horizontal planes. When the range is being used with a close grate the
plates described are folded flat upon one another and close the chimney hole,
the said folded plates lying nearly flush with the back plate of the range.
When an open grate is required the hinged plates constituting the door át
the chimney hole are moved outwards upon their joints so as to open the
chimney hole, and at the same time form a draught plate or box in frout of
the said chimney hole, the said draught plate or box projecting some distance
over the tops of the ovens.. The opening of the chimney, hole and formation
of the draught plate or box is effected by first opening one of the side plates,
which also opens the top plate, and afterwards the other side plate, the top

page_text: plate being supported upon the inclined tops of the side plates. By opening
the side plates more or less the opening to the chimney may be more or less
contracted and the draught consequently increased or diminished. Instead of
jointing the side plates to the back plate of the range, they may be jointed to:
the top plate; I prefer however the arrangement first described. I also
provide the range with a vertical flue at the back of the door and draught'
plate or box described, the said flue opening at bottom into the fire-grate and
at top into the chimney of the range. I make the said flue of sheet iron; and:
provide it with a damper. By opening the damper of the said flue when the.
fire-grate of the range is a close one the heated air may be made to pass
directly into the chimney through the said flue instead of passing around the
ovens or boilers as in ordinary ranges. The said flue is also useful for.
assisting the draught of the fire when the grate is 'a close one!
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Badger in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th
February 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BADGER, of the City of Worcester, -Ironmonger, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Badger, Her special licence that I, the said John Badger, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Badger, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and uo
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter. during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, "exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN OR COOKING
RANGES," upon the condition: (amongst others) that I, the said Juhu Badger,
my executors or administrators, by an-instrument in writing under. my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain_the_nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months--next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent..

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Badger, do;,hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
1.
My Invention consists, firstly, of the improvements berein-after described in
the construction of the fire-grates of kitchen or cooking ranges. The object
of this part of my Invention is to permit the depth or fire space of the grate,
and, consequently the amount of fire therein, to be increased or diminished at
pleasure in a simple and efficient manner.
.
In constructing fire-grates for kitchen or cooking ranges. according to my
Invention I make the grate capable of being raised or depressed in the fire-
place in which the said fire-grate is fitted, or of being wholly removed from
the fire-place. The said moveable grate consists of a horizontal bottom plate
or-grating and vertical side plates, between which side plates the front bars of
the grate are fixed. The bottom plate or grating can be removed from the
side plates for renewal or repair. Each of the said side plates of the grate is
furnished with two studs or projections, one at the bottom and the other near
the top of the said plate; the [top studs are inclined. In the inner sides of
each of the uprights of the fire-place of the range a longitudinal slot or groove
is made, in which grooves the lower studs described on the grate work, and
to the front of each of the said uprights a toothed bar or rack is fixed, the
teeth of the said bars or racks being inelined upwards. When the moveable
grate is fitted in the fire-place it is supported therein by its inclined studs or
teeth engaging with the teeth of the toothed bars or racks described, the other
studs being engaged with the vertical grooves in the sides of the fire-place..
By giving to the grate a slight upward movement the inclined studs or teeth
may be lifted from the inclined teeth of the bars or, racks, and the said grate
may either be raised or lowered. in the fire-place and re-engaged with the said
bars or racks and again fixed. By this means the depth of the grate and
consequently the amount of fire space is increased or diminished. Where
necessary the fire-grate may be wholly detached from the .fire-place. When
greater depth of fire space is required than that afforded by the moveable grate
described separate bars provided with studs for engaging in the vertical
grooves.in.the inner sides of the fire-place may be employed. Fire-grates con-
structed. according to my Invention are applicable, to kitchen or cooking
ranges, of various kinds..
.
:
=
My. Invention consists, further, of the improvements herein-after described in
those kinds of kitchen. or cooking ranges in which the fire-grate may be made
an open fire-grate or a close fire-grate at pleasure. I open and close the

page_text: chimney hole of the range, and when the grate is an open one provide a
draught plate or box to the said chimney, hole by means of a door constructed
as follows:-I make the said door of three plates jointed to the back plate of
the range outside the chimney hole; one of these plates is jointed at the top
of the chimney hole and moves in a vertical plane, and the other plates are
jointed at the sides of the chimney bole and move in horizontal planes. When
the range is being used with a close grate the plates described are folded flat
upon one another and close the chimney hole, the said folded plates lying.
nearly flush with the back plate of the range. When an open grate. is
required the hinged plates constituting the door at the chimney hole are moved
outwards upon their joints so as to open the chimney hole and at the same
time form a draught plate or, box in front of the said chimney hole, the said
draught plate or box. projecting some distance over the tops of the ovens.
The opening of the chimney hole and formation of the draught plate or box is
effected by first opening one of the side plates, which also opens the top plate,,
and afterwards the other, side plate, the top plate being supported upon the
inclined tops of the said side plates. By opening the side plates more or less
the opening to the chimney may be more or less contracted and the, draught
consequently increased or diminished. Instead of jointing the side plates to
the back plate of the range they may be jointed to the top plate; I prefer,
however, the arrangement first described. I also provide the range with a
vertical flue at the back of the door and draught plate or box described, the
said flue opening at bottom into the fire-grate and at top into the chimney of
the range. I make the said flue of sheet iron and provide it with a damper.
By opening the damper of the said flue when the fire-grate of the range is a
close one the heated air may be made to pass directly into the chimney
through the said flue instead of passing around the ovens, or boilers as in
ordinary ranges. The said flue is also useful for assisting the draught of the
fire when the grate is a close one.
+
:
"
Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure -1; represents. in front elevation, Figure 2 in plan, and Figure 3 in
transverse vertical section a kitchen or cooking range containing my several
improvements, the said Figures 1, 2, and 3 representing the range, with a
close-fire-grate; Figure 4 represents in front elevation, Figure 5 in-plan, and
Figure 6 in transverse vertical section the said range with its fire-grate con-
verted into an open fire-grate; Figures 7, 8, and 9 represent, parts of my
Invention as herein-after explained; -Figure 10-represents in plan, Figure 11

page_text: in transverse section, and Figure 12 in front elevation the fire-grate and fire-
place of the range on a larger scale. The same letters of reference indicate
the same parts in each Figure of the Drawings.
:
I will first 'describe the, construction of the moveable fire-grate and parts
connected therewith. a, b, is the moveable fire-grate, consisting of a horizontal
bottom plate or grating 6 (shown separately in Figure 7) and a vertical frame
of bars a. A front and side elevation of the frame of bars a is represented
separately in Figure 8. The bottom plate 6 is removeable at pleasure from
the part a for renewal or repair. The said botton plate 6 is fixed to the
bottom of the frame of bars a by lips 62 on its outer edge engaging 'under the
bottom bar of the said frame of bars a, a pin a² carried by a projecting piece
on the said bottom bar entering one of the slots or openings in the said bottom
plate b, as best seen in the plan, Figure 5, and cross sections, Figures 3 and 6.
By these means the bottom plate b is securely fixed to the bottom of the frame
of bars a, and a grate thereby formed. Each of the side plates of the part a
of the grate has two studs 'or projections c, d, made upon its outer side, one
stud c being situated at the top and the other d near the bottom of the said
plate. The top studs c are inclined, and the positions of the said studs c, d,
with respect to one another, will be readily seen by referring to Figure 8. In
the vertical walls or sides of the fire-place e of the range slots or grooves fof
(see Figure 10) situated opposite one another are made; and in front of the
said vertical sides of the fire-place toothed bars or racks 9, 9. are fixed, the
teeth of the said racks being inclined upwards (see Figure 11). In the
vertical grooves f, f, on either side the fire-place e-the-bottom studs dd, 'on
the grate a, b, work, and with the teeth of the toothed bars or racks 9, 9, the
inclined studs c, c, on the said grate engage. When the studs c and d are
engaged with the racked bars 9, 9, and slots f, f, respectively the said grate is
fixed or supported-in, the fire-place e, but is capable of being raised or lowered
therein as berein-after explained. The moveable grate a, b, is fitted in the
fire-place e by bringing its studs d over the open ends of the slots f, and
depressing the said grate when the said studs d enter the slots f, and the
inclined studs c may then be engaged with the teeth of the racked bars g and
the grate be fixed. When it is wished to increase the depth or fire space of
the grate, as illustrated in Figure 4, it is only necessary to give to the
moveable grate 'a, b, a slight upward movement so as to lift its inclined studs c
from out the inclined teeth of the racked bars 9 in which they are engaged,
when the grate may be depressed in the fire-place, the studs d traversing
the vertical slots f. f. The vertical slots f, f; are made of such a width as to
permit the studs d, d, to have some play in them when the moveable grate is

page_text: inclined to lift its inclined studs c, c, from the racked bars 9, 9. After depressing
the grate to the required extent the inclined studs c, c, may be engaged with
a lower, set of teeth in the racked bars g and be thus again fixed. By an
opposite movement the moveable grate a, b, may be restored to the position
represented in Figure 1, or be raised to..an.intermediate position on the
.racked bars g, g. When a great depth of fire space is required. I employ a
separate bar (or bars) in conjunction with the moveable grate a, b, as, repre-
sented in Figures 4 and. 6, where the separate bar is marked as; this separate
bar is represented detached from the grate in Figure 9. The said .bar-a³ is
provided with studs a, a, for engaging with the vertical "grooves f, f, in the
sides of the fire-place, the side plates of the said bar a³ resting on the top of
the grate. By removing the strip or beading hand middle hob or plate n the
grate may be wholly detached from the fire-place...
I will now. describe the construction of the door at the chimney hole of, the
range by which the fire-grate may be converted into, an open fire-grate or a
closed fire-grate at pleasure, and a draught. plate or. box formed when the
grate is 'an open one. i, k, l, is the door at the chimney, hole m of the range;
the said door being made in three pieces, namely, of a top plate; and two
side plates i, k. The top plate is jointed at 12 to the top of the chimney,
hole. ∙m, and moves in a vertical plane, and the. side: plates. i; k, are jointed at
,, to the sides of the said "chimney. hole m and move in borizontal planes.
The outer sides of the plates i, k, are inclined. The manner in which the top
plate is jointed is best seen in Figures 3 and 6, and that of the side, plates i, k,
is: best seen in Figures 2 and 5. When the range is to be used with, a close
grate the plates i, k, l, constituting the door are folded flat upon-one, another,
as seen in Figures. 2 and 3, and close the chimney hole m, the said. folded
plates lying flush or nearly.flush with the back plate of the range. When,the.
range is to be used with an open grate the middle.hob or plate n covering, the
top of the fire-placé is .withdrawn and the parts i, k, l, of the folded door are
moved outwards upon their joints so as to open the chimney hole m., By the
opening of the plates i, k, l,. of the door a draught plate or box is formed in
front of the chimney hole, the said. draught plate or box projecting some
distance over the tops of the oven and boiler, as illustrated in Figures 4, 5,
and 6. When the plates i, k, l, are opened the top plate l is supported upon
the inclined upper sides of the side plates i, k, as best seen in Figure 6., The
opening-of-the-plates i, k, l, may be effected by pulling outwards by means of
a hook the side plate k. By the opening of the side plate k it raises the top
plate-in-front of it, the other side plate is then opened. By opening the
side plates i, k, more or less the opening to the chimney may b be more or less

page_text: contracted, and the draught consequently increased or diminished. In order
to close the chimney hole the side plates i, k, are first folded upon one another,
when the top plate falls flat upon the folded side plates. Instead of jointing
the side plates i, k, to the sides of the chimney hole they may be jointed to the
top plate. At the back of the door or draught plate described is a vertical
.flue P, the said flue opening at top into the chimney of the range and at
bottom into the fire-place e. In the said flue is a sliding damper q. The said
flue p is made of sheet iron and forms a permanent part of the range. When
the-range is being used with a close fire-grate, as illustrated in Figures 1, 2,
and 3, and it is wished to entirely cut off the heat from the oven and boiler of
the range; the damper q of the flue p is opened, when the heated air, now
passes directly into-the-chimney of the range through the said flue,p instead
of passing around the said oven and boiler. The said flue p may also be used
for assisting the draught of the fire when the grate is a close one.
Having now described the nature of. my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein.described and illustrated, as the same
may be varied without departing. from, the nature of my Invention; but I
claim as my Invention of improvenients in kitchen or cooking ranges,
Firstly. Constructing and arranging or combining the parts of the fire-grates
of kitchen or cooking ranges substantially in the manner herein-before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, whereby the fire-grate may be
raised or lowered in the fire-place and fixed or supported at the required
Leight therein, so as to increase or diminish at pleasure the depth-or-fire-
space of the grater
Secondly. Opening and closing the chimney hole of the range and forming a
draught plate or box at the said chimney hole. when the grate is an open one
by means of a door constructed and used substantially in the manner herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying: Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Badger, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JOHN BADGER. (L.S.)