Improvements in Wheels, in Flexible Tyres, and in Means for Securing the latter to the Wheel.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 10th Feb., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wheels, in Flexible Tyres, and in Means for
Securing the latter to the Wheel.
I ALBERT AUGUSTUS POPE of Cohasset, Norfolk County, State of
Massachusetts, United States of America Manufacturer do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to flexible tires for wheels, and to the rims, and means
for attaching the tires to the rims. The invention is especially adapted for use on
bicycles and similar vehicles. One of the objects of this invention is to pro-
vide for rapid attachment and removal of the tire for purposes of repair or
replacement; another object is to provide for rapid insertion and removal of the
inner tube of a tire having an outer sheath or cover and an inner inflatable tube;
other objects are to provide a tire that will be firmly held in position and will not
creep upon the rin, and will hold together when deflated, and may be used in an
emergency when deflated, and will be of simple construction and strong and
durable.
In the accompanying drawings, to which I will now refer :
Figure is a side elevation showing a portion of a tire, a rim and retaining
device embodying my invention; Figure 2 is a transverse section of the same on
the line 2-2; and Figure 3 is a transverse section on the line 3-3, showing one
edge of the outer sheath or cover disengaged from the rim.
Figure 4 is a detached transverse section of the cover or sheath, and Figure 5 is
a detached transverse section of the rim.
Figures 5, 5, 5", and 5" are similar views showing modifications in the
construction of the rim.
Figure 6 is a detached elevation of the hook or fastening device, and Figures 7
and 8 are side elevations showing portions of the rim and one fastening hook,
the book being in engaging position in Figure 7 and in disengaged position in
Figure 8.
Figure 9 is a transverse section of a sheath or cover, a rim and a fastening device,
showing modifications in the construction, and Figures 10 and 11 are similar views
showing other modifications.
Figures 11 and 11B are transverse sections of the rim showing further
modifications in construction.
Figure 12 is a side elevation of a portion of the rim, tire and fastening device as
shown in Figure 10.
Figure 13 shows transverse sections of several modifications in the construction
of the inextensible band to be inserted in or secured to the edges of the sheath.
Figures 14 and 15 are transverse sections showing modifications in which the
fastening device is at one side only of the tire and consists of a split band or ring
held in a groove in the rim.
Figure 16 is a sectional perspective showing the sheath partly collapsed, and
Figure 17 is a part side elevation of the tire and rim with the split ring partly
removed.
Figure 18 is a view similar to Figure 15 and shows a similar fastening device,
but this fastening device is on each side of the rim.
In the embodiment of my invention shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 the
rim a is of wood or like material and has a cylindrical outer surface or periphery,
that is to say, a curved flat surface or a surface the development of which is a flat
surface and which is therefore frequently referred to as a flat surface, while its inner

page_text: periphery is suitably rounded or otherwise shaped to secure lightness, strength or
pleasing appearance. The cylindrical character of this outer periphery of the
rim a may be to some extent departed from as indicated in Figures 5, 5, 5, 11,
and 11, where said surface is slightly inclined or conical, and said rim may he
made of one or more pieces of wood or metal, and is shown as made of metal in
Figures 9, 10, 11, 11, 11 and 12, and 14 to 18, inclusive.
Upon the rim a is fitted and secured a medial ridge or band b. This medial
ridge performs a useful function, but in some cases may be dispensed with, as
shown in Figures 5B, 11, 11 and 12, and 14 to 18, inclusive, and it may be struck
up as a portion of the rim, as shown in Figures 9, 10 and 11 or otherwise made in
one piece with the rim or a portion of the rim, or may be made as a band fitted in
the rim as shown in Figures 5 and 5", and may be of various shapes. This
medial band or ridge may be glued or otherwise held in place or may be held by
screws as shown. In some constructions this band or ridge covers up and protects
the tire from abrasion by the spoke heads and acts to retain the fastening devices
in place. This band or ridge also serves to form a smooth bearing surface for the
inner tube.
A flexible tire sheath or cover c is shown in the drawings, and is circumferentially
opened on its inner side, this opening being so wide in some constructions as to
make it practically a U-shaped tire; and inextensible bands d d, are inserted in or
secured to or engaged with the edges of this tire sheath so as to make said edges
circumferentially inextensible preferably by extending an inner canvas lining of
the sheath around said bands, as shown, and said hands d d are hoop-shaped and
adapted to fit upon the rim. These bands d d may be of wood or metal, or other
suitable substance, or the edges of the sheath may be hardened or stiffened in any
desired manner, but the bands or edges must be of such character, strength and
stiffness that they will not in use become materially stretched or extended in a
circumferential direction around the wheel, and they are usually fitted quite tightly
upon said rim; they are preferably rectangular in cross-section and may be solid
or hollow, and may be flat or cylindrical, or of various shapes, (four different shapes
being shown in Figure 13 and Hat bands being shown in Figures 11, 15, 16 and 18);
and they are preferably of such dimensions that they will cover the portions of the
rim on either side of the medial ridge and will form with said medial ridge ba
substantially cylindrical or curved flat surface constituting a smooth bed for the
inner tube, as shown in Figures 2, 9 and 10. As these bands or edges are
inextensible, the only direction in which they can be moved on and off the rim is a
lateral direction, and fastening means are provided, constructed so as to engage
with these bands or edges to prevent the bands or edges from laterally moving off
the rim and so as to be moved out of engagement with the bands or edges to enable
them to be moved laterally off the rim. These fastening means may be provided
on one or both sides of the tire, and may be of various constructions. The
fastening means shown in Figures 1 to 12 inclusive are pivoted devices or latches
mounted on or in the rim as the rods e having hooks f (particularly shown in
Figures 6, 7 and 8) and these rods e are pivotally mounted in transverse grooves
in the rim a and are held from radial outward movement by the medial ridge or
band b, and the hooks fare so shaped that when turned up in outward position, as
shown in Figures 2 and 7, they overlie the edges or bands d of the sheath or cover,
and when turned down in inward position as shown in Figures 3 and 8, they are
disengaged from said edges or bands d so that the edges or bands may be moved off
the rim. The connections of these fastening devices with the rim have fixed
circumferential positions on the rim, and cannot be caused to move or creep ground
the rim, but will each maintain always the same position circumferentially. The
number of these devices upon a wheel may be varied according to the diameter of
the wheel, the work to be done by it and pressure of the air in the tube, and the
stiffness against lateral pressure of the bands d. The pressure of confined air in
the inner tube tents to move these bands or edges d laterally outward and thus
causes considerable pressure against the retaining or fastening devices which holds

page_text: them tightly in place and causes them to so tightly engage with the edges or
bands & that no creeping of the tire upon the rim can possibly occur.
One modification of the construction of the retaining device is effected by
inserting the rod e in a hole in the rim instead of a slot in which case a hook fis
formed on but one end of the rod, while at the other end a nut f' is screwed on the
rod and constructed so as to embrace the band or edge d, (see Figures 10 and 12).
These nuts may be hexagonal so that they must be removed to disengage the
band or edge d or may be of elongated shape so as to disengage the tire upon being
turned a fraction of a revolution, both constructions being shown in Figure 12, or
may be otherwise suitably shaped and may be riveted or otherwise secured upon
the rod.
A retaining device that extends around the circumference of the tire is shown in
Figures 14 to 18 inclusive, the same consisting of a split band or ring fitting in a
groove or seat formed around the circumference of the rim in such position that the
split ring g when seated in said groove will extend out beyond the groove and
engage with an edge or band d as well as with the groove in the rim, and will when
thus seated be rigid against lateral pressure so that it will hold the edge or band d
from laterally moving off the rim. The sheath or cover is provided with a
projecting lip of flexible material shown partly lifted up in Figure 16, which will
cover said ring g so as to exclude dust and dirt when in use. Figure 17 illustrates
the manner in which this split ring 9 may be removed so as to disengage the edge
or band and permit the same to be laterally moved off the rim. In Figures 14
to 17, inclusive, but one fastening band y is shown at one side of the rim, the other
side of the rim having a fixed upward projection to hold the edge or band d from
laterally moving off the rim, while in Figure 18 a band g is shown at each side of
the rin. One edge of the sheath or cover may be cemented, riveted or otherwise
secured to the rim, and may or may not have an inextensible edge, as access may be
had to the inner tube by the removal from the rim of but one edge of the sheath.
In the use of a tire having an inflatable tube it sometimes happens that the tube
becomes deflated while the vehicle is on the road. In such an emergency all the
parts of my tire will hold together and maintain their positions without creeping,
since there is not only the friction of the edges or bands of the sheath upon the
rim, but also that between these edges or bands and the retaining devices, while the
cylindrical bed for the inner tube and the construction of the sheath permit
the wheel to be employed when the tube is deflated without injury to any part.
From the above description it will be evident that my improved device for
holding the tire to the rim is operated independently of the movement of the tire so
that no bending or change of position of the tire is necessary in its disengagement
and the tire is held firmly and immovably in place until the retaining device or
devices have been released. Another feature of the construction is that the
inextensible edges of the tire are fitted and supported directly upon the rim of the
wheel so that any tendency to creeping of the tire is resisted by the friction of
these inextensible edges upon the rim.
The drawings do not show the valve cot for the inner tube for the reason that
this valve cot may be of any suitable construction. The medial band or ridge b
will be perforated or cut away and the rim will be perforated for this valve cot. It
will be evident that at any place where there is an extra thickness in the material
of the inner tube, as about the valve cot, the medial band may be cut away, so that
when in use at any time and especially when the tire is deflated, the medial band
will accommodate these irregularities and the tire will rotate smoothly with a
substantially uniform working radius.
When access to or removal of the inner tube is desired the valve is opene 1 and
the tube partially or wholly deflated so that the lateral pressure upon the retaining
devices is relieved and then the retaining devices are moved out of engagement with
the inextensible edges of the sheath. One or both of these edges may then be
novel off the rim. If any difficulty is experienced in taking off these edges by
reason of their adhesion to the rim or from other causes it is only necessary to

page_text: slightly inflate the inner tube whereupon an outward pressure will be developed that
will push off the edge or edges of the sheath from the rim.
The manner of assembling the parts of my improved tire will be readily under-
stood. Where the rim has the medial ridge 6 the rim with the medial ridge
attached thereto may be inserted within the sheath by slightly changing the
circular contour of one of the inextensible edges d to an elliptical contour, that is
to say, by increasing the diameter at one point and in consequence thereof corre-
pondingly decreasing it at another point, and inserting the rim within the edge of
the cover in such manner that its widest portion passes through the portion of the
edge sprung to greatest diameter. After the rim has been inserted within the
sheath, the inner tube may be inserted and the edges of the sheath placed upon
the edges of the rim, and the retaining devices moved into engagement with said
edges. It will be evident that the various parts of the tire may be readily separated
and any part repaired or replaced, and the separation and replacement require no
special tools nor higher degree of skill in manipulation beyond that possessed by
the ordinary user of bicycles and similar vehicles.
The construction may be modified without departing from my invention by using
a solid or cushion flexible tire or a single tube inflatable or pneumatic tire, or other
constructions of inner inflatable tube and outer sheath tires, said tires, single tubes
or outer sheaths having circumferentially inextensible portions supported upon the
rim, in connection with my improved retaining devices; or the fastening devices
may be carried upon the tire and adapted to engage with the rim instead of being
carried by the rim, and parts of iny invention may be employed separately and in
combination with other parts of different constructions. I do not therefore limit
my invention to the specific constructions shown, but
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is
1. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a flexible cover or sheath, one edge of
said cover or sheath being of suitable character and suitably held to the rim and
the other edge being circumferentially inextensible and supported upon said rim,
and means adapted to engage with said rim and with the inextensible edge of the
cover or sheath to securely hold the said edge from moving laterally off the rim
and to be moved out of engagement with said inextensible edge independently of
the movement of the cover or sheath to enable the said edge to be displaced or
removed, substantially as set forth.
2. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a flexible cover or sheath, and an inner
inflatable tube, said cover or sheath having circumferentially inextensible edges
supported upon said rim, and means adapted to engage with said rim and with the
inextensible edges of the cover or sheath to securely hold the said edges from
moving laterally off the rim, and to be moved out of engagement with said inextensible
edges independently of the movement of the tire, to enable the tire to be displaced
or removed, substantially as set forth.
3. In a wheel the combination of a rim and a flexible cover or sheath, one edge
of said cover or sheath being of suitable character and suitably held to the rim and
the other edge being circumferentially inextensible and supported upon said rim,
and one or more retaining devices carried by one of said parts, to wit, the
inextensible edge or the rim, and constructed to engage with the other part to hold
said edge against moving laterally off the rim and adapted to be moved out of
engagement independently of the movement of the cover or sheath to permit the
separation of said parts, substantially as set forth.
4. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a flexible cover or sheath, and an inner
inflatalde tube, said cover or sheath having circumferentially inextensible edges
supported upon said rim, and one or more retaining device: carried by one of said
parts, to wit, the edges or the rim, and constructed to engage with the other part
to hold said edges against moving laterally off the rim and adapted to be moved

page_text: out of engagement independently of the movement of the tire to permit the
separation of said parts, substantially as set forth.
5. In a wheel the combination of a rim and a flexible cover or sheath, one edge
of said cover or sheath being of suitable character and suitably held to the rim, and
the other edge being circunferentially inextensible and supported upon said rim,
and one or more retaining devices carried by one of said parts, to wit, the
inextensible edge or the rim, and having fixed circumferential locations upon said
part, and constructed to engage with the other part to hold said cover or sheath
from moving off the rim and adapted to be moved out of engagement to permit the
separation of said parts, substantially as set forth.
6. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a flexible cover or sheath, and an inner
inflatable tube, said cover or sheath having circumferentially inextensible edges
supported upon said rim, and one or more retaining devices carried by one of said
parts, to wit, the edges or the rim, and having fixed circumferential locations upon
said part and constructed to engage with the other part to hold said tire against
moving off the rim and adapted to be moved out of engagement to permit the
separation of said parts, substantially as set forth.
7. In a wheel the combination of a rim and a flexible cover or sheath, one edge
of said cover or sheath being of suitable character and suitably held to the rim and
the other edge being circumferentially inextensible and fitted and supported directly
upon the outer periphery of said rim, and means adapted to engage with said tire
and rim for holding said inextensible edge from moving laterally off the rim, said
holding means being adapted to be moved out of engagement to enable said edge to
be displaced or removed, substantially as set forth.
8. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a flexible cover or sheath, and an inner
inflatable tube, said cover or sheath having circunferentially inextensible edges
fitted and supported directly upon the outer periphery of said rim, and means
adapted to engage with said tire and rim for holding the inextensible edges from
moving laterally off the rim, said holding means being adapted to be moved out of
engagement to permit the tire to be displaced or removed, substantially as set
forth.
9. In a wheel the combination of a rim and a flexible tire, said tire having a
circumferentially inextensible portion fitted and supported directly upon the outer
periphery of said rim, and pivoted latches mounted on one of said parts and
adapted in one position to engage with the other part to hold said tire from moving
laterally off the rim and to be moved out of engagement to permit the separation of
said parts, substantially as set forth.
10. In a wheel the combination of a rim and a flexible cover or sheath, one edge
of said cover or sheath being of suitable character and suitably held upon said rim
and the other edge being circumferentially inextensible and supported upon the said
rim, and pivoted latches mounted on one of said parts, to wit, the inextensible edge
or the rim, and adapted in one position to engage with the other part to hold said
cover or sheath from moving laterally off the rim and to be moved out of
engagement to permit the separation of said parts, substantially as set forth.
11. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a flexible cover or sheath, and an inner
inflatable tube, said cover or sheath having circumferentially inextensible edges
supported upon said rim, and pivoted latches mounted on one of said parts, to wit,
the edges or the rim, and adapted in ona position to engage with the other part to
hold said tire from moving laterally off the rim and to be moved out of
engagement to permit the separation of said parts, substantially as set forth.
12. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a flexible cover or sheath, and an inner
inflatable tube, said cover or sheath being opened circumferentially and having a
circumferentially inextensible edge supported upon said rim, its other edge being
of suitable character and suitably held upon said rim, and said rim having a ridge
constructed so that it together with the said inextensible edge will form a
substantially cylindrical or curved flat surface or bed for the inner tube, and
means adapted to engage with said rim and with the inextensible edge of

page_text: the cover or sheath to securely hold the said inextensible edge from moving
laterally off the rim and to be moved out of engagement with said inextensible
edge to enable the said edge to be displaced or removed, substantially as set
forth.
13. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a flexible cover or sheath and an inner
inflatable tube, said cover or sheath being opened circumferentially and having
circumferentially inextensible edges supported upon said rim and said rim having a
ridge extending outward between said edges so as to form with said edges a bed
for the inner tube, and means adapted to engage with said rim and with the
inextensible edges of the cover or sheath to securely hold said edges from moving
laterally off the rim and to be moved out of engagement with said edges to permit
them to be displaced or removed, substantially as set forth.
14. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a flexible cover or sheath, and an inner
inflatable tube, said cover or sheath being opened circumferentially and having
circumferentially inextensible edges fitted and supported directly upon the outer
periphery of said rim, and a medial band or ridge upon said rim between said edges
having its outer periphery flush with the outer peripheries of said edges so that
said edges and ridge form a substantially continuous bed for the inner tube, and
means adapted to engage with said rim and with the inextensible edges of the cover
or sheath to securely hold said edges from moving laterally off the rim and to be
moved out of engagement to permit the said edges to be displaced or removed,
substantially as set forth.
15. In a wheel the combination of a rim and a flexible cover or sheath, one edge
of said cover or sheath being of suitable character and suitably held to the rim and
the other edge being circumferentially inextensible and supported upon said rim,
and devices carried by one of said parts, to wit, the inextensible edge or the rim,
and located in different fixed positions around its circumference and adapted to engage
with the other part at different points around its circumference to hold said
inextensible edge from moving laterally off the rim and adapted to be disengaged to
permit the removal or displacement of said edge, substantially as set forth.
16. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a flexible cover or sheath, and an inner
inflatable tube, said cover or sheath having circumferentially inextensible edges
supported upon said rim, and devices carried by one of said parts, to wit, the
inextensible edges or the rim, and located in different fixed positions around its
circumference and adapted to engage with the other part at different points around
its circumference to hold said edges from moving laterally off the rim and adapted
to be disengaged to permit the removal or displacement of said edges, substantially
as set forth.
17. In a wheel a rim for a flexible tire provided with a medial band or ridge and
having the portions of its outer periphery on each side of said medial band or ridge
adapted to support said tire and carrying devices located in different fixed positions
around its circumference and adapted to engage with the tire at different points
around its circumference to hold said tire from moving laterally off the rim without
restricting its movement radially and to be disengaged from said tire to permit its
removal from the rim, substantially as set forth.
18. In a wheel a rim for a flexible tire having its periphery adapted to support
said tire and provided with pivoted retaining devices mounted upon said rim, and
located in different fixed positions around the circumference thereof and adapted to
hold said tire from moving laterally off the rim, substantially as set forth.
19. In a wheel a rim for a flexible tire having its periphery adapted to support
said tire and provided with disengageable retaining devices transversely mounted
in or on said rim and constructed to engage with said tire at both sides of the rim to
hold said tire from moving laterally off the rim without restricting its movement
radially, substantially as set forth.
20. In a wheel a rim for a flexible tire having a medial ban 1 or ridge and suitable
surfaces to receive the edges of said tire, and fastening devics each comprising a
rod transversely mounted in said rim and held from outward movement by said

page_text: medial band or ridge and having engaging parts mounted on or forming part of said
rod and adapted to hold one or both edges of said tire from moving off the rim,.
substantially as set forth.
21. In a wheel a rim for a flexible tire adapted to support said tire and provided
with retaining devices each comprising a rod pivotally mounted on or in said rim
and having hooks formed at its ends for laterally overlying portions of said tire,
substantially as set forth.
22. In a wheel the combination of a flexible tire adapted to be supported on the
rim of a wheel, an inextensible portion of said tire engaging with said rim, and
retaining devices each comprising a rod pivotally mounted in or on said rim and
having hooks formed at its end for laterally overlying the said inextensible portion
of the tire, substantially as set forth.
23. In a wheel the combination of a rim, an outer cover or sheath, and an inner
inflatable tube, said cover or sheath being opened circumferentially and having
circumferentially inextensible edges supported upon said rim, and said rim having a
medial band or ridge between said edges of the cover or sheath, and fastening
devices each comprising a rod mounted in a groove in said rim and held from
outward movement by the ridge or band of the rim, and each of said fastening
devices also comprising an engaging part or parts mounted on or forming part
of the said rod and constructed to prevent the lateral outward movement of one
or both of said edges of the cover and to be moved out of engagement with said
edge or edges to enable the tire to be displaced or removed, substantially as set
forth.
24. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a cover or sheath and an inner inflatable
tube, said cover or sheath being opened circumferentially on its inner side and
having inextensible bands inserted in or engaged with its edges and said bands
being fitted and supported upon said rim, and said rim having a medial band or
ridge extending outward so as to be flush with the outer periphery of the
inextensible edges of the cover or sheath so that said bands of the cover and
the band or ridge of the rim present a substantially cylindrical bed for the-
inflatable inner tube, and suitable fastening devices for preventing the bands of
the cover from moving laterally off the rim, substantially as set forth.
25. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a flexible cover or sheath and an inner
inflatable tube, said cover or sheath being opened circumferentially on its inner
side, and having circumferentially inextensible bands inserted in or engaged with
its edges and said bands being fitted and supported on said rim, and said rim having
a medial band or ridge between said inextensible bands of the cover or sheath, said
medial band or ridge having its outer periphery flush with the outer periphery of
said bands of the cover or sheath so that a substantially continuous bed is formed
for the inner tube, and fastening devices each comprising a rod mounted in a
groove in said rim and held from outward movement by the ridge or band of the
rim, and each of said fastening devices also comprising an engaging part or parts
mounted on or forming part of said rod and constructed to prevent the lateral dis-
engagement of one or both of said edges of the cover or sheath and to be moved
out of engagement with said edge or edges to enable the tire to be displaced or
removed, substantially as set forth.
26. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a flexible cover or sheath, one edge of
said cover or sheath being of suitable character and suitably held to the rim and the
other edge being circumferentially inextensible and supported upon said rim, and a
retaining device seated in said rim and rigid against lateral pressure when thus
seated and extending out beyond said seat to engage with the inextensible edge of
the cover or sheath and to hold the same from moving laterally off the rim and
adapted to be moved out of said seat so as to permit said inextensible edge to be
moved laterally off the rim, substantially as set forth.
27. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a flexible cover or sheath and an inner
inflatable tube, said cover or sheath having circumferentially inextensible edges
supported upon said rim, and one or more retaining devices seated in said rim and

page_text: rigid against lateral pressure when thus seated and extending out beyond said seat
to engage with an inextensible edge of the cover or sheath to hold the same from
moving laterally off the rim and adapted to be moved out of said sheath so as to
permit the said edge to be moved laterally off the rim, substantially as set forth.
28. In a wheel the combination of a rim and a flexible tire, said tire having a
circumferentially inextensible portion supported upon said rim, and a retaining
device consisting of a split ring seated in said rim and rigid against lateral pressure
when thus seated and extending out beyond said seat to engage with the
inextensible portion of the tire and to hold the same from moving laterally off
the rim and adapted to be moved out of said sheath so as to permit the tire to
be moved laterally off the rim, substantially as set forth.
29. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a flexible cover or sheath, one edge of
said cover or sheath being of suitable character and suitably held to the rim, and
the other edge being circumferentially inextensible and supported upon said rim,
and a split ring seated in said rim and rigid against lateral pressure when thus
seated and extending out beyond said seat to engage with the inextensible portion
of the tire and to hold the same from moving laterally off the rim and adapted to
he moved out of said seat so as to permit the said inextensible edge to be moved
laterally off the rim, substantially as set forth.
30. In a wheel the combination of a rim, a flexible cover or sheath, and an inner
inflatable tube, said cover or sheath having circumferentially inextensible edges
supported upon said rim, and one or more split rings seated in said rim and rigid
against lateral pressure when thus seated and extending out beyond said seat to
engage with an inextensible edge of the cover or sheath and to hold the same from
moving laterally off the rim and adapted to be moved out of said seat so as to
permit the said edge to be moved laterally off the rim, substantially as set forth.
Dated the 8th day of December 1893.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Chartered Patent Agent, London,
For the Applicant.