matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE FOUNTAINS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Angell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October
1867.
I, GEORGE ANGELL, of Compton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, Silver Plate Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE FOUNTAINS," to be BLS.
follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in portable fountains suitable for
placing in rooms, conservatories, or in other positions, by means of which a
continuous jet of water may be produced. The apparatus consists of a
chamber of triangular or other form, on each face of which I arrange a
pump in such manner that in all cases one shall be forcing out water from the.
chamber while the others are taking in a supply in order to produce a con-
tinuous jet of water; said chamber is divided into two compartments, the
upper one of which communicates with the supply pipe and basin of the
fountain, and the lower one with the fountain jet pipe. Each compartment
also communicates with the several pumps by means of valves of india-rubber,.
or otherwise arranged in such manner that the water passes continuously.
from the supply pipe and basin into the upper chamber, thence through the .
upper valves to the several pumps, upon the return strokes. of which it is.
forced through the lower valves into the lower chamber and up through the
discharge pipe to form the jet, the water falling again into the basin to..be
again forced upwards, and so on. Each pump is constructed as follows:-The

page_text: valves from the upper and lower compartments communicate with a hollow
cylinder fixed on the side of the chamber covered by an india-rubber
diaphragm stretched thereon, in the centre of which are two convex discs, the
one inside and the other outside the diaphragm, which is between the convex
surfaces of the two. These discs are mounted on a rod receiving horizontal
to-and-fro motion from an eccentric and spindle, which are rotated by means
of a spring barrel or other motive power applied below the water chamber for
producing the self-action of the fountain. The diaphragm is drawn outwards
from the cylinder by the action of the eccentric producing a partial vacuum
therein, causing the water to flow from the upper compartment into the cylinder;
the diaphragm is then pressed inwards by the return movement of the eccentric
forcing the water through the valve into the lower chamber, whence it is
expelled through the discharge pipe as described. The pumps are caused to
act consecutively by fixing the several eccentrics in different positions on their
spindles.
The apparatus is enclosed in a casing or stand of more or less ornamental
form, provided with a tray or basin for intercepting the water in its fall.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF OBES, METALS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES FOR WORKING IN FURNACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lunge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1867.
I, GEORGE LUNGE, of South Shields, in the County of Durham, Doctor of
Philosophy, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF OBES, METALS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES FOR WORKING
IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain modes of treatment whereby the smelting,
subliming, or working of substances in a state of sand or minute division is
rendered practicable in furnaces in which such operations have hitherto been
impossible, principally owing to the fact that such substances are apt to fall
through the fuel and choke the furnace. This object is effected by combining
such substances as metals or ores in any state, oxides, cinders, slags, common
salt, silica, or any other materials or mixtures of materials when in too small
a state to work, smelt, or sublime in a draught or blast furnace with coal,
such combination being formed into lumps or pieces sufficiently large to work
in furnaces of that description; the lumps of combined materials are then
converted into coke by any of the known means, such as ovens, retorts, or
heaps, the waste gases of the furnace being used if desired to heat the
retorts or ovens. If the mixture so to be coked gives off at a coking heat
any volatile substances or gases, the condensation of which is necessary or
desirable, a set of flues or condensers can be attached to the ovens or retorts
in order to condense such volatile substances or gases, and similar flues or

page_text: condensers can be attached to the blast furnace if the coked mixture during
the working in the same gives off any volatile substances or gases which have
so to be condensed. Any suitable flux may be coked with the substances or
added during the working, and the coking properties of the coal may be
increased by adding coal tar, pitch, or other analogous substances thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES EMPLOYED IN WEAVING, AND IN BOBBINS USED THEREWITH
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sharples and James Schofield
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
14th December 1867.
We, JOHN SHARPLES, Shuttle Maker, and JAMES SCHOFIELD, Cabinet
Maker, both of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES EMPLOYED
IN WEAVING, AND IN BOBBINS USED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in shuttles and the bobbins used
therewith, so that such bobbins are readily placed and secured on the tongue
or peg of the shuttle, thus preventing the bobbin working off the tongue or
peg or out of the shuttle.
In constructing shuttles according to this Invention I employ a tongue or
peg having a swell or enlarged part (near its hinge), on which is chased a
male screw. The bobbin to be used is bushed at its flanged or larger end,
and a female screw formed in the bush, to that on a bobbin being placed on
the tongue or peg and turned thereon, the screw on the peg enters the
bush in the bobbin, and securely holds the same. Or near the point or
end of the tongue or peg may be chased or screwed, and a metal cap
or tip (having a female screw therein) fixed on the smaller end of the bobbin
to receive the screw on the point or end of the tongue or peg.
In applying this Invention to existing bobbins, I employ a taper screw on
the tongue or peg, and "tap" or screw part of the hole in the bobbin instead
of employing a bush in which to form the female screw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY TRUCKS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabez Evans at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1867.
I, JABEZ EVANS, of Tewkesbury, in the County of Gloucester, White-
smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY TRUCKS," to bo as follows:
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
couplings for railway trucks, whereby the said trucks may be coupled together
without the person effecting the coupling placing himself between the trucks ;.
the accidents which frequently happen during the coupling are thereby
avoided.
The said axis has
In constructing a coupling for railway trucks according to my Invention I
make and arrange the parts in the following manner:-On that end of the
truck which carries the links by which one truck is connected to the back of
the next one I fix an axis, the said axis being, parallel with the end of the
truck and at about the level of the bottom of the truck.
a length somewhat greater than the width of the truck and has a lever or
handle at either end by which it can be partially turned. Besides a rotary
motion the said axis has a sliding motion, that is, a motion in the direction of
its length. One or more coiled springs surrounding the axis bring it back to
its normal position after it has been moved in the direction of its length. Near
the middle of the axis two arms are fixed, the said arms being of a length
nearly equal to the length of the coupling chain or series of links, one of which

page_text: is hooked to the hook of the next truck. The said arms are jointed in the
middle, the joint allowing the ends of the arms to rise out of the plane of the
other part but not to descend beyond the line of the other part. These arms
are situated respectively on either side of the coupling links, and the extreme
ends of the arms are connected with the last link by means of pins on the sides
of the link engaging in slots in the ends of the arms.. In using the coupling
the axis is turned by one of the levers or handles and the arms raised some-
what beyond a horizontal position, the axis being at the same time made to
slide a short distance in the direction of its length; the end link is thereby
raised to a greater height than the book with which it is to be coupled, and in
rising was sufficiently. on one side of the said hook to escape it; by now.
allowing the axis to slide back into its normal position the link is brought over
the hook, and on depressing the handle or lever it falls on to and engages with
the said hook and the coupling of the trucks is complete.. The trucks may be
uncoupled by raising the link by means of the handle or lever moving the
said link on one side the hook by sliding the axis and then, allowing the hook
to fall.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF DINING TABLE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Cooper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
1867.
I, HENRY COOPER, of Bunhill Row, in the City of London, Cabinet Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF DINING TABLE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct dining tables that will admit of
being taken to pieces and stacked away when not required for use. To this
end I form a rectangular frame of any required length, composed of a series
of detachable parts, which when put together will be ready to receive and
support, like an ordinary telescope frame, a series of sliding flaps, thus forming
a strong table. The legs of the table I form with dovetail sockets to receive
the ends of detachable longitudinal and transverse bars which connect the
legs together, and thus form a strong frame, or the legs may be connected
together permanently in pairs by transverse bars. The sockets to receive the
bars may be cut out of the wood forming the "square" of the legs, or may
be cast in metal and attached to the legs. The sockets for receiving the lon-
gitudinal bars I form in pairs to allow of two longitudinal bars being
connected to each leg. Supposing, for example, four legs to be connected by
longitudinal and transverse bars, and to form a frame of, say, six feet in
length, and that it is required to extend the table to, say, three times that
distance, all that will be required is to couple up two additional pairs of legs
by means of four longitudinal bars of similar length, and a frame of eighteen
feet will be thus formed for the reception of a corresponding number of flaps,

page_text: and in like manner the length of the table may be extended indefinitely
without detracting from its strength. The longitudinal bars I propose to form
with a fillet, which by taking into a groove cut in the under face of the flaps
will keep them from shifting endwise, and as a further security I propose to
keep the flaps together by dowel pins or other well known or suitable means
that will allow of the facile detachment of the flaps when the table is required
to be stacked away.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN POINTS AND CROSSINGS OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS, AND THE PROVISION OF ADDITIONAL SAFETY TO THE AFORESAID POINTS. AND CROSSINGS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Menzies Holland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
March 1867.
I, CHARLES MENZIES HOLLAND, of Tan-y-Bwlch, Merionethshire, North
Wales, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN POINTS AND CROSSINGS OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND
TRAMWAYS, AND THE PROVISION OF ADDITIONAL SAFETY TO THE AFORESAID POINTS.
AND CROSSINGS," to be as follows:-
I place two or more moveable guard rails at suitable distances from and
immediately opposite to the extreme points of the switch rails, and work them
by a system of rods, links, or otherwise in connection with the ordinary move-
ment of the points.
The guard rails are attached in such a manner as to move in positions
relatively to the positions of the points, sometimes being nearer to the main
rails one side or the other according to the direction it is desired the vehicles
should travel, and thus affording a surer guide to the flanges of the wheels.
The guard rails have recesses, slots, or holes in or through them into which
the toe of the point and a portion of the switch rail can be received or passed
through, so that it may be partially or totally covered or overlapped and shielded,
thus precluding the possibility of the flange of any travelling wheel catching
on or against the said point.

page_text: In connection with the before-mentioned system of rods, links, or otherwise.
I arrange levers, catches, pins, or other suitable fastenings so as to secure the
points or guard rails in any position that may be required, and so that they
may be released, unfastened, or moved as may be determined.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGES FOR TRAMWAYS OR RAILWAYS FOR STREETS OR ROADS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Herbert Bright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th November 1867.
I, CHARLES HERBERT BRIGHT, of Victoria Street, Westminster, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGES FOR TRAMWAYS OR
RAILWAYS FOR STREETS OR ROADS," to be as follows:-
I construct the carriages above mentioned with the fore wheels arranged and
acting on the bogie system, with provision for "locking" the same by means
of a cam or bolt put into and out of action by the agency of a handle or foot
lever worked by the driver of the carriage or other attendant in order that
when the wheels are working on the rails the "locking" thereof may aid in
the retention of the carriage on the line. These carriages I provide with
friction breaks arranged two for each wheel, so that the periphery of the same
may be gripped by two breaks acting perpendicularly opposite each other,
such breaks being put into and out of action by means of screwed shafts or
rods, or other similar gearing worked by a handle or handles, (two being pre-
ferred, one for the driver and the other for the conductor,) in order that the
one may assist the other for greater efficiency of working. These carriages
are more especially intended to suit the rail arrangements I have set forth and
described in the Complete Specification accompanying my application for Letters
Patent for the Invention of "Improvements in Tramways or Railways for
Streets or Roads, and Wheels adapted to Run thereon," bearing the same date
of application herewith, and such carriages should therefore be mounted on the

page_text: wheels with tyres or peripheries, such as I have described in that Specification,
and I should prefer that such wheels should have wedge-form spokes, the thick
ends of which wedge spokes should be secured to the nave; the wheels in other
respects being constructed like railway wheels. The body of the carriage
(although I do not confine myself thereto) I prefer to construct with seats
along the centre, back to back, the outside seats being arranged so that the
passengers shall sit thereon face to face, and I can make platforms along the
sides of the carriage inside thereof, and above the level of the feet of the
passengers to facilitate their ingress and egress without interference with each
other.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VALVES AND VALVE COCKS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jackson and Joseph Dyer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
16th December 1867.
We, WILLIAM JACKSON and JOSEPH DYER, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VALVES AND VALVE COCKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of valves
and valve cocks applicable to the ingress and egress of liquids and fluids. An
important part of this Invention consists in the mode of actuating the valve
stem. This is effected by means of an excentric boss which is formed on or
attached to the actuating spindle and works in a slot in the valve stem, so that
when the spindle is partially rotated the valve is opened or closed. The
ordinary forms of valves and seats may be used, but the following improve-
ments may be adopted and form a portion of the present Invention. On the
face of the valve is placed a piece of felt, india-rubber, gutta percha, or
lead, or other suitable material softer than the metal of which the valve and
its seat are formed, the same being attached to the valve by means of a screw
or other suitable contrivance. On the upper part of the seat is formed a
surface for the reception of the valve, which surface may be fitted with felt or
such other substance as before mentioned, so as to come in contact with the
valve, and thus render the operation of the same more secure and certain than
is ordinarily the case. A further improvement consists in forming a groove in.
the face of the valve, in which is inserted a ring of india-rubber or other

page_text: suitable elastic material, and which prevents the injurious action of the liquid
or fluid upon the valve seat. In constructing cocks for high pressure purposes,
a hole is formed through the stem of the valve, a reservoir containing air
being placed in connection therewith. The air upon being admitted serves as
a cushion to modify the pressure of the current of liquid or fluid. Valves con-
structed as before mentioned may be placed in connection with and actuated
by each other, so as to form a series. For instance, a main valve may be so
arranged in connection with another valve that upon the former being actuated,
the latter will operate as a stop-cock.
AN IMPROVED TOBACCO PIPE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Tiernan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July
1867.
I, ROBERT TIERNAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do bereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TOBACCO PIPE,"
to be as follows :-
The principal objects of this Invention are (1) to prevent the essential oil
from entering the mouth of the smoker, and (2) to cause the tobacco to burn
evenly and economically. I form or construct the pipe with a passage at the
side of the bowl either inside or outside; one end of the said passage opens
to the bowl at or near the bottom thereof and the other to the stem at or near
the top of such bowl. The bowl, passage, and stem can be formed or made
of clay, wood, or other material in one or more pieces.
A NOVEL SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTING RAILWAYS AND WORKING TRAINS THEREON IN ORDER TO ENABLE TRAINS TO ASCEND INCLINES OF STEEP GRADIENT
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th July 1867-A communication from abroad by Albert Zélislas
Lutowski, of Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NOVEL SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTING RAILWAYS AND
WORKING TRAINS THEREON IN ORDER TO ENABLE TRAINS TO ASCEND INCLINES OF
STEEP GRADIENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a novel arrangement of mechanism to be adapted
to a locomotive for ascending steep gradients upon railways. Motion is
communicated from the engine by means of pullies and bands to all the wheels
of a train, which are thereby driven at uniform speed. The driving wheels are
all made to bear on a single rail placed in the centre of the road. When the
gradient to be ascended is very steep the wheels should be set at an angle of
about 30°, so that considerable pressure may be exerted and a more complete
adherence caused than if the wheels were placed vertically on the rails. By
this system trains are enabled to go round very sharp curves and mount steep
gradients, but as the position of the bearing and driving wheels is continually
varying it is necessary (in order that the bands should transmit motion

page_text: regularly from one to the other) to make them pass round pullies which are
always fixed; the movement of these pullies is transmitted to the bearing
wheels by means of teeth forming a new kind of gearing with two wheels
placed at a very acute angle. The train of carriages forms a chain, the links of
which are the frames of the carriages which are furnished with vertical running
wheels and inclined rollers running on a centre rail, which may be called the
guide rail. Two other wheels called balance wheels are fixed to the axle-
trees; these wheels are intended to maintain the equilibrium of the carriages.
These frames are for the purpose of carrying the boiler, engines, and tender of
the locomotive or the upper parts of the carriages.
The transmission of movement of the engine to the running wheels is made
by means of metallic bands. In one arrangement the different parts of
the train are united two by a series of bands of unequal strength, but in
another arrangement a single band runs the whole length of one side of the
train and joins the different parts together. In either of the above-mentioned
arrangements the tension of the bands should always remain the same,
notwithstanding the various positions that the wheels must assume when
travelling round curves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR BREAKING SUGAR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Green at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th December 1867.
I, JOSEPH GREEN, of Lockwood, near Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Grocer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR BREAKING SUGAR," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of a self-acting feed apparatus to
ordinary machines employed for cutting or breaking lump sugar into smaller
pieces. This feed apparatus consists of two grooved rollers mounted in suitable
framing, one on each side of the cutting block or bed upon which the knife acts,
and an endless cord or band passing around the two said rollers in a series of
coils embedded in the said grooves, thus forming an endless apron, which is
caused to travel or move intermittently by means of a ratchet wheel fixed on
the end of one of the rollers, operated by a pawl or catch lever connected by
a rod to the ordinary cutting knife, so that after each stroke of the knife, or
in its upward movement, the ratchet is operated, thereby turning the roller,
and consequently the cord or apron is moved forward a suitable distance
according to the arrangement of the ratchet and lever, which are capable of
adjustment as required. A self-adapting spring pin or holder is also attached
to the ordinary knife frame, which strikes upon the sugar on the fall of the
said knife, to hold the sugar during the cutting or breaking thereof, and
notches are also formed in the bed to receive the cords and prevent them
being cut by the action thereon of the knife.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF HEATING BUILDINGS AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Partington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th December
1867.
I, JOHN PARTINGTON, of Astley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF HEATING BUILDINGS AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of heating the interiors or rooms
of buildings by means of heated air generated and obtained from an ordinary
fireplace, and the improvements consist in the use and application of an
air chamber or vessel or vessels situated behind the fire so as to form the back
of the grate in cellars, kitchens, or other suitable positions. This chamber
may be of any convenient form and made of metal, brick, fire-clay, or
combinations thereof, and from below it is supplied with cold air by means of
a pipe and regulating valve, and on the air becoming heated by the action of
the fire it ascends up a pipe applied to the upper part of the chamber which
extends up the chimney and is carried into the various rooms at different
heights by brauch pipes which may be opened to allow the hot air to escape
into the room, or the heat may be obtained by radiation only.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STUDS, BUTTONS, SOLITAIRE STUDS, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Wyatt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th July
1867.
I, JOHN HENRY WYATT, of Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex,
Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STUDS, BUTTONS, SOLITAIRE STUDS, AND THE LIKE," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of studs, buttons, solitaire studs,
and the like in such manner that they are capable of carrying or confining
as many or as few folds of linen or other material as the wearer may desire.
I will describe the Invention as applied to a collar stud; I form the stud in
two parts, the top and bottom each carrying a tubular piece of metal or other
material fitting one into the other; I place a helical or spiral spring in one
tube which is rivetted, soldered, or otherwise secured at both ends to the top
and bottom piece. As the folds of linen are placed over the top of the
stud the spring expands according to the thickness of material and yields
and presses against the said linen so as to prevent the same from leaving
the stud.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CONSUMING SMOKE IN FURNACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Pannell Forlong at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
June 1867.
I, RICHARD PANNELL FORLONG, of Bristol, in the County of Gloucester,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CONSUMING SMOKE IN FURNACES," to be as
follows:-
In carrying out my Invention I pile a number of pipes made of refractory
clay or other suitable substance upon the bridge of the furnace, said pipes are
placed in the direction of the flue, and entirely occupy the space between the
bridge and the roof of the furnace, so that all smoke from the fire is forced to
pass through said pipes or the interstices between them, which pipes from
their proximity to the fire are always red hot, and ensure the consumption of
the greater part of the smoke passing through them. I also provide a pipe
behind the bridge immediately under the ends of the clay pipes farthest from the
fire; this pipe passes over the bridge and down on either side, the ends opening
into the ash-pit immediately under the fire-bars. The part of this pipe behind
the bridge is perforated, and the hot air entering at the ends under the fire-bars
passes out at these perforations to ensure the combustion of the remaining
smoke, and also improving the draft of the furnace. The tire-clay tubes also
develop a great amount of heat in addition to that of the fire, besides conducing
to the combustion of the smoke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKS WHEREBY TO FACILITATE THE ATTACHMENT OR FASTENING OF ANYTHING TO WALLS OF BUCH BRICKS, OR IN WHICH SUCH BRICKS ARE INSERTED
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Foxley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February
1867.
I, JOHN FOXLEY, of Stony Stratford, in the County of Bucks, Brickmaker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRICKS WHEREBY TO FACILITATE THE ATTACHMENT OR FASTENING OF ANYTHING TO
WALLS OF BUCH BRICKS, OR IN WHICH SUCH BRICKS ARE INSERTED," to be as
follows:
In buildings it is often necessary to insert materials in the walls to which
wood or other work can be readily affixed by nails or screws, for this purpose
in brick walls it is usual to insert at the points desired what are termed wood
bricks, being simply pieces of wood substituted for the whole or part of a brick,
and built and fixed in with the mortar, or wedges are sometimes inserted in
the joints or otherwise, but which as well as the bricks become loose.
Now my Inventiou consists in forming clay bricks with dovetailed recesses in
them, in which dovetails I insert pieces of wood. These dovetails may be in the
edge and from end to end of the brick or across the end or side of the brick,
or even in the angles or corners, and may be either single or two or three may
be made in the same brick. Bricks so prepared with wood inserted are built in
the walls with the ordinary bricks at the points desired, and present facilities
for attaching anything thereto by nails or screws. Bricks so prepared are not
liable to shrink, and retain their hold permanently in the wall in which they are
built. Even should the wood shrink in the recess receiving it in the brick it
will not loose its hold by reason of the dovetailed form, and being small in

page_text: size cannot shrink much. Instead of regular dovetailed recesses, recesses of
other form may be adopted so long as they are undercut so as to prevent the
drawing out of the wood. Bricks for this purpose are readily made by
expressing the clay from a chamber through a die plate which forms the recess
or recesses in the brick. The brick is subsequently baked or burned in the
usual way and the wood inserted endways into the dovetailed recesses sufficiently
tight for the purpose. These bricks may be further used for garden and other
walls, or otherwise where it may be desired to train and nail plants and trees
or other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METAL TUBES AND RODS TO RENDER THEM SUITABLE FOR USE FOR MANY ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Parkes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th March
1867.
I, ALEXANDER PARKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING
METAL TUBES AND RODS TO RENDER THEM SUITABLE FOR USE FOR MANY ORNAMENTAL
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in coating metal tubes and
rods to render them suitable for use for many ornamental purposes. I employ
for coating metal tubes and rods the material known as parkesine, and which is
pyroxylin compounded with solvents and oils, and for this purpose I harden
and colour the parkesine by employing in its preparation a large per-centage of
a mineral powder and pigment. The mineral matter I prefer to employ is
magnesia; I usually use about 40 per cent. The pigment or colouring
matter will of course vary with the colour it is desired to obtain. I coat
metal tubes and rods with this hard parkesine by pressing it whilst in a plastic
state through a moulding orifice, through which the metal tube or rod is at the
same time caused to pass concentrically; or I form a tube of the hard
parkesine by pressing it through a moulding orifice, and then whilst it is still
plastic I cut off the tube in lengths and draw it over a metal tube or rod of
such size that in can just pass freely over it. In hardening the tube contracts
tightly on to the tube or rod.
AN IMPROVED CUTTING IMPLEMENT, MORE ESPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR OPENING CASES OR CANS FORMED OF SHEET METAL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Milton Alexander Hamilton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th November 1867.
I, MILTON ALEXANDER HAMILTON, of Detroit, Michigan, United States of
America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CUTTING IMPLEMENT, MORE ESPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR OPENING
CASES OR CANS FORMED OF SHEET METAL," to be as follows:-
The chief object of the said Invention is to afford a convenient means for
opening metallic cases, boxes, or cans used for preserving fruit, meat, fish,
liquids, paint, and other animal, vegetable, and mineral substances, which
cases are commonly formed of tin or sheet iron, and sealed or closed with
solder. The said implement is provided with a point at one end which is
forced through the sheet of metal to be cut, and forms a centre or fulcrum
around which the implement is turned to force its cutting blade through the
metal. The said blade is made adjustable and its distance from the fulcrum
point can be varied according to the required size of the aperture to be formed.
The blade is secured in any position by an eccentric at the back of the imple-
ment. The handle of the said implement is formed of malleable cast iron or
other suitable material, and may be made of any convenient form and length.
The point which forms the centre or fulcrum is made of steel, iron, or other
metal, and rivetted or otherwise firmly secured in the extremity of a straight
piece of metal formed on or securely attached to the said handle. The cutting
blade is also formed of steel and properly tempered. This blade projects

page_text: through a slot in a metal clip which is fitted to slide upon the straight portion
of the implement. The blade is formed with a 'flange or shoulder on its back
which lies between the clip and the under side of the said straight portion and
without interfering with the movement of the clip holds the blade securely in
the same. The said straight portion is formed with a longitudinal channel
between its two sides to allow the flange of the knife to move freely. The
clip is extended over the back of the implement, and its two sides are rivetted
together with the eccentric between them. The latter is provided with a
handle, and is so formed that when the said handle is depressed it will bind
the shoulder of the knife tightly between the clip and the straight portion of
the implement at any required distance from the steel point. The latter
then being inserted through the metal to be cut, and the handle of the imple-
ment being turned round with a tolerably strong pressure, a smooth and
regular aperture is made in the said metal without inconvenience or danger
of injuring the hand with the knife or with jagged edges of the metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PURIFICATION OF OILS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th July
1867. A communication from abroad by Felix Asselin, of Paris, in the
Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PURIFICATION OF OILS," a communication
to me from abroad by Felix Asselin, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be
as follows:-
Certain vegetable oils before they are suitable for special applications such
as for the purposes of illumination, edible, and other purposes, have to be
submitted to a process of purification or refining in order that certain
mucilaginous and other impurities may be separated therefrom. This refining
is generally effected by the employment of sulphuric acid, which has the property
of causing the separation of foreign matters, and of rendering the oils more
suitable for special applications. There are however considerable inconveniences
attendant in the employment of this method, and in order to obtain products
of an improved quality, and to effect more easily the purification of oils, I
adopt the following improvements :-
I have found that considerable advantages are attendant on the employ-
ment of caustic alkalies and of the alkaline earths, and that the following
method for their employment is attended with good results:-The oil, such as
Colza or other oils, is placed in a boiler or other suitable vessel, and to it is

page_text: added gradually a solution of a caustic alkali, such, for example, as soda; the
two are then well agitated, and after thorough incorporation has been effected
the temperature is gradually raised to about 200° Fahrenheit, taking care not
to exceed by many degrees this point. By the application of heat, the
coagulated impurities concrete and subside, and their separation may be effected
by filtration or otherwise, and the oil after having been allowed to cool is
filtered in the ordinary manner, and is then ready for the market. The scum
or impurities thus separated are collected and placed in suitable cloths or
sacks, and submitted to hydraulic or other pressure so as to separate a further
quantity of oil, and the cake remaining may be employed for the production
of common soap, or the residue may be treated with acids and the fatty acids
be obtained therefrom. The proportions which I have found to give good
results are from about one to about two parts by weight of a solution of
caustic soda marking 36 degrees on Beaumé's scale, but the proportions of
alkali will vary according to the quality of the oil to be operated upon.
Although I have mentioned caustic soda I do not confine myself thereto, but
include other alkalies and alkaline earths.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLIGHTS OF STAIRS COMMONLY CALLED STAIRCASES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hastings Collette at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
October 1867.-A communication from abroad by Antoine Garzend, of
No. 47, Rue de Martyr's, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES HASTINGS COLLETTE, of No. 23, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLIGHTS OF STAIRS COMMONLY CALLED
STAIRCASES," to be as follows:-
The plan of a flight of stairs being given I take a piece of sheet iron or
other metal of a sufficient thickness to resist the weight it may have to bear
and which serves for a string board; I cut in the iron plate the number of
angles sufficient for the steps of the stairs, and if of great height, as sheet
iron is not made usually in great lengths, I add to the length of the slips of
sheet iron or iron plate other bands of iron plate united end to end by joint
plates screwed or rivetted in the inside sufficient for the height of the staircase.
I then bend the plate according to the curves or squares necessary for the site
or place of the flight of stairs. Each angle in the plate iron string board is
cut rather deeper than would be necessary if in wood to receive the back or
heel of the tread, whether wood, iron, or stone. I cut in each tread two
longitudinal grooves, one at the heel of the tread above, and one in front of
the tread below, into which the riser, which is of sheet iron or other suitable
metal, and which is of the same thickness as the string board, can enter and
thus give greater rigidity. I make use of the pieces of sheet iron cut out in

page_text: forming the string board bending them into form of angle irons and supports,
and the other pieces necessary for making the flight of stairs, thus no iron is
wasted; these pieces serve in putting up the flight of stairs. The end of each
riser I cut at the end next the wall a little depth into the length of the riser
which is made rather longer than the width of the flight of stairs, and I bend
one part forward and the other backward so as to form a cramp or fastening
in the wall, thus giving great solidity to to each step and in case of fire would
would prevent the fall of the staircase. I fix the balusters to the iron plate of
the string board instead of into the tread. To carry the plastering underneath
the stairs I proceed in the same manner as in other stairs except that
instead of laths of wood I fix to the risers small pieces of iron cut from the
string board which are rivetted to and project below the tread and carry
strong iron wires longitudinally for the support of the plaster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRIVIES OR WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
March 1867. A communication from abroad by Auguste Paret, of
39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PRIVIES OR WATERCLOSETS," a communication to me from abroad by Auguste
Paret, of 39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to secure the cleanliness of the seat, to
render it more accordant with the requirements of the human frame than
ordinary seats, and to prevent the necessity of using a large quantity of water,
which decreases the value of the deposit as manure.
On the annexed Sheet of Drawing forming part of this Provisional Specifi-
cation, Fig. 1 is a plan view of this improved seat and pan; Fig. 2 shews the
shape of the pan, the seat being removed; and Fig. 3 is a front elevation
shewing the obliqueness of the seat. The seat is composed of two boards or
slabs P inclined at an angle of about thirty degrees, about four inches broad

page_text: and sixteen inches long; these two boards alone constitute the seat or fulcrum ;
they are separated from each other by a space A, B, of about eight inches.
The pan is fixed to these boards by four cheeks k; it may be of enameled
cast iron, porcelain, or other material; it is of an ovoid shape, and with an
upward and inward curve at the two ends I, H.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles de Grelle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April
1867. A communication from Monsieur Pierre Antoine Loron, of
Barchon, near Liège, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, CHARLES DE GRELLE, of Basinghall Street, in the City of London, Merchant,.
but at present residing at Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING
FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
The arm which forms the subject of the present Invention belongs to that
class in which the cartridge employed carries its own fulminate which is
exploded by a pin driven forward by the force of a spring.
In the improved arm there is no external hammer or cock, but there is an
internal striker placed immediately behind and in a line with the axis of the
barrel or nearly so. The cartridge, which is provided at its rear end with a
flange whereby it may be extracted, is introduced into the barrel through an
opening made at the breech end, and which opening when the gun is charged
is covered up by a movable lid to which the cartridge extractor is connected.
A solid breech block works to and fro in the recess or opening provided for
introducing the cartridge, and when properly secured by a moveable wedge or
block forms the recoil block which supports the rear of the cartridge against
the explosion of the charge. The moveable recoil block carries the exploding
pin and its accessories, and is worked to and fro to open and close the breech
by means of a lever which fits snugly under the trigger guard and is secured.

page_text: by a spring catch. The locking block is also connected to the same lever
so that all are moved simultaneously; upon pushing down the lever the
locking block is drawn down so that the recoil block may be moved back;
this same motion also moves back the lid which covers the opening for the.
insertion of the cartridge, and the cartridge extractor being connected thereto
will by the same motion be drawn out from the barrel, the empty case of the
exploded cartridge leaving the opening for the introduction of a new one.
The exploding pin and its accessories are enclosed within the recoil-block
as before-mentioned, but they may be removed therefrom by simply depressing
a spring catch at the rear, and drawing these parts out of their socket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORSETS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th February 1867.-A communication from abroad by Mademoiselle
Marie Louise Changeur, of Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris, in the
Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CORSETS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a corset which will not detract
in any way from the elegance of the figure of the wearer and at the same time
will be easy to put on.
The advantages that chiefly recommend the improved corset are as follows:-
Perfect liberty to the natural movements of the body and consequently
greater elegance of figure, no pressure on the shoulders or hips, so that
instead of constraint there will be a feeling of ease; great facility in lacing
and unlacing it as well as putting it on and taking it off. The corset differs
from other corsets in that it is simply laced by means of two strong stay
laces which traverse three holes a piece, and which holes are about the middle
of the back. The left lace passes through the central eyelet in the left side
then through the eyelets on the right side, and then returns to the centre

page_text: eyelet on the left side, and the two extremities are fastened to a catch in
front. In the same way the right lace passes through an eyelet in the
right side, then through the eyelets on the left side, and then returns to the
centre eyelet on the right side, and the two extremities are fastened to the
catch in front. On each side of the front catch are three buttons so that the 5
corset can be tightened or loosened at will and without the inconvenience of
undressing during the day. The buttons ean also be fixed on the whalebones
on each side of the plate.