Improvements in Electrical Appliances for Firing Guns and the like and for Pointing or Sighting same by Night, also Applicable to Quadrants and other Optical Instruments.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 16th Oct., 1889-Accepted, 16th Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electrical Appliances for Firing Guns and the like
and for Pointing or Sighting same by Night, also Applicable to
Quadrants and other Optical Instruments.
I, JOHN AXEL CHRISTIAN ADELSKÖLD of Villagatan 2, Stockholm Lieutenant in
the Royal Swedish Navy do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention consists in electrical appliances for firing one or more guns, torpedoes,
and the like at the time and for pointing or sighting same by night, which are also
applicable to the pointing or sighting of quadrants and other optical instruments by
night.
I shall first describle the electrical appliances or arrangements for being able, by
means of electricity, to fire one gun or more guns at a time and besides if required to
announce to the commander or to the person directing the operation when the
instruments or the guns are duly pointed.
For this purpose I employ a key adapted to the arrangement of the sight, when the
instrument or the gun is to be pointed in the dark and to announce to the Commander
that the pointing is made and for firing the gun. In connection herewith I employ a
system of electric circuits by means of which the commander of the battery may either
interrupt the fire of the guns or fire them all at the same time. This disposition has
also for purpose to indicate to the Commander when the aiming or pointing has been
made. In order to be able to point a gun in the darkness, the back sight and the
front sight are so arranged that the characteristic outlines, for instance a point in a
notch may be made shining when pointing. For that purpose the angle in the back
sight consists of a glass prism and the point of the front sight of another such prism
and in each sight is contained a small electric glow lamp, the light of which when
shining, is reflected against the bevelled hind sides of the prisms and against the
pointer. The prisms are surrounded by metal in front and on the sides but open
towards the pointer so much, that, when the back sight for instance is provided with a
blue prism and the front side with a red one then the gunner will, when the lamps are
shining, see a red point in a blue sight notch. In order to moderate the light to the
gunner and render it agreeable, the surfaces of the prisms turned towards him are
roughed. In the darkness this figure shews very distinctly so that the gun or other
instrument may be pointed with absolute accuracy. It is evident that the parts of the
apparatus may be modified, so that the light arrives from another direction than from
underneath, depending partly on the position of the lamp and partly thereupon if the
light of the same is reflected several times in the glass prism. The back sight is
further so arranged that it may be adjusted in all positions in the usual manner,
without that the electric circuit to the lamp inserted therein be therefore
interrupted and further so, that the lamp may also serve to lighten the scales
according to which the sight is adjusted. In order to be able to readjust the sight
sideways, the upper hollow part containing the lamp has a block which is movable in
a slot on a horizontal frame being traversed by an adjusting screw. The frame is
supported by a vertical bar passing down into a stand fixed to the gun. This bar
may be adjusted as to height and secured by a set screw. At either side of the block
there is a contact spring which is fixed in a piece of ebonite and makes contact with a
strip of iron at each side of the slot. The strips being insulated in pieces of ebonite
are of the same length as the slot so that the springs always make contact with the
same, where ever the sight may be placed on the frame. The two conducting wires
of the lamp are united with their respective springs. Against the vertical bar there
are located two other likewise insulated strips, which are connected with the strips

page_text: mentioned above. Two contact springs make contact with the said strips. In this
way a circuit to the lamp is established. In order that the lamp may lighten the
scale on the front side of the horizontal frame and the scale on the vertical bar, there
is partly an opening in the mounting of the lamp directed downward upon the first
named scale and through another opening light is thrown down from the lamp upon
the scale of the vertical bar when the sight is adjusted so as together with the first
named opening to be placed straight above the said.scale. A bright oblique face
formed by an indentation in the stand at the top of the hole for the vertical bar
reflects the light thus coming from above upon the scale of the said bar. When
adjusting the sight first the height and then the lateral position of the same is
adjusted. The sight is therefore first brought over zero, so as to lighten the scale of
the vertical bar, whereupon the sight is adjusted and fixed, by means of the set screw
to the exact height. Then the sight is moved sideways by means of the horizontal
screw to the position wanted. A narrow opening likewise lightened by the lamp
serves as index of the sight at the last named adjusting.
The arrangement for lighting the front sight is about the same as that for the sight.
The hollow, point is inserted into a socket fixed to the gun. The lamp rests by means
of a piece of ebonite on a hollow bottom screwed into the point. Two springs fixed
in the ebonite piece and united with the wires of the lamp make contact with corre-
-sponding insulated metallic pieces in the socket. The same part of the circuit that
conducts the, current to the lamp is likewise, united with ile metallic pieces so that
both lamps always shine simultaneously. It is evident that the pointing or aiming
device now described can be used to guns as well as to other contrivances and
instruments wanted to be pointed in the dark.
A key is provided for opening and closing the circuit of the lamps and also for
opening and closing a current passing through another circuit serving to fire the gun
and so arranged that the currents may be at work either separately or both at the
same time. The key consists of a hollow T shaped handle, its stem having an outer
socket provided with a central pin and also provided with a handle. A helical spring
located in the stem holds off the socket. When taking hold of the handle one can
easily move the socket down against the spring until the bottom rim of the socket
arrives, close to the head of the T key. At one end of the bead there is a movable
knob pressed out by a helical spring. In the interior of the head there are two
springs provided with barbs at the ends, the one fixed to the movable knob and the
other fixed to a pin firmly inserted into the opposite end of the head this pin being as
well as the movable knob made of some insulating material. When pushing in the
knob the springs engage with their barbs. If then the socket be depressed as
mentioned above, its central pin presses upon the spring of the movable knob so as to
bend it down. The two barbed springs are then disconnected and the depressed
spring will, with a lower branch come in contact with a screw while being pulled
back by a helical spring. The depressed spring is constantly in contact with another
screw and the other barbed spring is in metallic connection with a screw. From the
three respective screws there proceed three conducting wires which I will call a b
and c passing through the key and united to a firing string.
These wires are
connected with three screws which I will calle y and in the sight stand, viz.,
a with zb with y and c with a. From the screw the wire a continues to the
percussion-pipe, which by means of a continued conduct is connected with a contact
'on' the carriage:. By means of a commutator, the contact may when desired, be put
in direct connection with the source of electricity in the carriage. From the wire
passes to one contact spring at the vertical bar of back sight and from there it may 'he
brought to pass through the lamp on the back sight and from the contact spring to
the lamp on the front sight and further to a contact knob on the carriage. The third
wire c on the contrary passes from a direct to the source of electricity. If the
movable knob is pushed in the wires b and c get in connection one with another, by
which the lamps are lighted. If then the key is compressed, the said connection is
(interrupted and the wires a and c come, on the contrary, for a moment in connection
one with another. If the key be compressed without that the knob is previously

page_text: pushed in, there will be no closing of the current. The commutator can be adjusted
to either of the two contacts on the carriage or to both simultaneously, it being made
in two parts. At the stand of the commander of the battery, there is another coin-
inutator which can be turned across say four contacts etc. or across four other contacts.
The first named contacts are by means of wires connected with the commutators at the
respective four guns and a commutator at the battery commander's stand is by means
of wires in the same way connected with the other contacts on the guns.
The two groups of contacts are further in direct connection ono with another by
means of wires passing around galvanometers of rather considerable resistance. If
the arm of the commutator is put upon the contacts, the wires will be connected one
with another. A binding screw in the key in connection with the wire a is pierced
by a hole-into which a little insulated pin loosely fixed at the firing string, can be
passed. If first the movable knob on the key is pressed in and then the pin
inserted, a bifurcated closing of the current will take place, so that the current will
pass through the percussion as well as through the lamps. The system of circuits and
apparatuses thus formed is used in the following manner :-
As it results of the above there are two interruptions in the circuit of each gun, viz.
in the key by means of the pin and at the commutator with the commander of the
battery. If the last named interruption is cancelled by the commander bringing the.
commutator across one set of contacts the interruption in the key remains and
the individual managing the key at the gun can thus bring the circuit in action at will
irrespective of the commander. The commutator is thus adjusting for separate fire:
At daylight the commutator on the gun is adjusted. If the commander's cominutator
stands above the aforesaid contacts then there will, when pressing in the movable
knob be an interruption so that there will be no lighting of lamps at daylight. When
the key is then compressed firing takes place. At night the commutator on the gun
is adjusted so as to close the current and to make the lamps incandescent. When the
key is compressed the current to the lamps is interrupted so that they do not shine
longer than just wanted for the pointing. By adjusting the commutator the
commander can intercept the fire. In the last event the current for the fuze will pass
through a galvanometer where it meets with so great a resistance, that it becomes so
feeble as not to be able to effect the firing. The current provokes however a turn of
the galvanometer which serves as a signal from the person managing the gun to the
commander that the gun is ready for firing.
In order for such a purpose to be able to transmit a continual current the pin in
the binding screw for the wire a or on the key is inserted the knob being pressed in
for being able to point the gun and to maintain the pointing so that the said pin
makes contact with the branch of the barbed contact. The commander finds then, by
looking upon the corresponding galvanometer that the gun is ready for firing.
When the commander finds in this way that all the guns are ready he can fire them
all at the same time by turning the commutator and thus effect a concentrated fire.
In order that the pin may remain in position after having been inserted the firing
string to which it is fixed is wound around the key some turns between. In order to
be able to make oneself independent of the conduit to the commander, in the event
that the same conduit might be damaged, the arm of the commutator on the gun is
double. Thus divided to both contacts the sight can be illuminated and the gun
pointed and fixed in the way described for separate fire. The screws y. z- are:
inserted into a plate of ebonite and covered by a lid. This lid being to its greatest
part cut away covers with a bent part the opening into which the springs forming
contact with the vertical bar of the rear sight are inserted. The size of the sight
must of course be adapted to the size of the gun and when it is to be much reduced it
must undergo suitable modifications: At the sight the lamp may for instance be
placed in the vertical bar if this is made sufficiently thick the lamp being placed at
the top of the bar which end is thus somewhat wider than the rest of the bar. The
bright
bottom of the enclosing casing consists at both sides of the lamp of oblique.
faces which reflect the light to the glass prism. In. order that the scales may be
lightened the horizontal scale is graduated in an oblique plate of horn which covers a

page_text: narrow opening in the part above the lamp so as to be illuminated. The scale on the
vertical bar is lightened by the lamp through a down passage in the upper wider part
of the bar. Further the key can be omitted and the circuit through which the
current is transmitted to the lamp can be provided with a single contact. Simplified
in this way the sight may also be employed generally on instruments provided with
sights for instance sights of torpedo boats, instruments for taking bearings, diopters
and such like and it may thus have rather a general employment.
Dated this 12th day of February 1889.
JOHN AXEL CHRISTIAN ADELSKÖLD.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electrical Appliances for Firing Guns and the like
and for Pointing or Sighting same by Night, also Applicable to
Quadrants and other Optical Instruments.
+
I, JOHN AXEL CHRISTIAN ADELSKÖLD of Villagatan 2 Stockholm, Lieutenant in the
Royal Swedish Navy, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention consists in electrical appliances for firing one or more guns,
torpedoes, and the like at one time, and for pointing or sighting same by night which
are also applicable to the pointing or sighting of quadrants and other optical
instruments by night.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section and fig. 2 a cross section of a key which I
employ and which is adapted to the arrangement of sight when the instrument on
the gun is to be pointed in the dark and to announce to the commander or person
directing the operation that the pointing is made and for firing the gun.
Fig. 3 is a sectional detail of the back sight on a line perpendicular to the line of
sight. Fig. 4 is an end view of same partly in section. Fig. 5 is a side view of same
partly in section and fig. 6 a plan.
Fig. 7 is a side view partly in section and fig. 8 a vertical cross section of the front
sight corresponding to the back sight.
Fig. 9 which is continued from sheet 1 onto sheet 2 is a diagram of a system of
electric circuits by means of which the commander of the battery may either
interrupt the fire of the guns or fire them all at the same time. This disposition
has also for purpose to indicate to the commander when the aiming or pointing
has been made. In order to be able to point a gun in the dark the back sight
and the front sight are so arranged that the characteristic outlines for instance a point
in a notch may be made shining when pointing. For that purpose the angle or notch
in the back sight consists of a glass prism A. figs. 3 to 6, and the point of the front
sight figs. 7 and 8 consists of another glass prism B. In each sight is contained a
small electric glow lamp A and B respectively, the light of which when shining is
reflected against the bevelled hind sides of the prisms and against the pointer or
gunner. The prisms A and B are surrounded by metal in front and on the sides
but open towards the pointer or gunner so much that when the back sight for instance
is provided with a blue prism and the front sight with a red one, then the gunner
when the lamps are shining will see a red point in a blue sight notch. In order to
moderate the light to the gunner and make it agreeable the surfaces of the prisms
turned towards him are roughed. In the darkness this figure shews very distinctly
so that the gun or other instrument may be pointed with absolute accuracy. It
is evident that the parts of the apparatus may be modified so that the light arrives
from another than from underneath, depending partly on the position of the lamp
and partly upon as to whether the light of the same is reflected several times in the glass
prism. The back sight, figs. 3 to 6, is furthermore so arranged that it may be

page_text: adjusted in all positions in the usual manner without causing an interruption. in the
electric lamp circuit, and furthermore so that the lamp may also serve to illuminate
the scales according to which the sight is adjusted. In order to be able to readjust
the sight sideways, the upper hollow part A figs. 3 to 6 containing the lamp has a
block A which is movable in a slot Ax in a horizontal frame A³ being traversed. by
an adjusting screw A8. The frame A³ is supported by a vertical bar A³ which passes
down into a stand A fixed to the gun. This bar A³ may be adjusted as to height and
secured by a set screw A. At each side of the block A there is a contact spring B²
which is fixed in a piece of ebonite and makes contact with a strip of iron B³ at each.
side of the slot A*. The strips B³ being insulated in pieces of ebonite B₁ are of the
same length as the slot, so that the springs B² always make contact with the same
wherever the sight may be placed on the frame A³. The two conducting wires of the
lamp A are united with their respective springs B³. Against the vertical bar A*
there are located two other likewise insulated strips B' which are connected with the
aforesaid strips B³. Two contact springs B make contact with the said strips. In
this way a circuit to the lamp A¹ is established. In order that the lamp A' may light
the scale on the front side of the horizontal frame A3 and the scale on the vertical
bar As there is partly an opening C in the mounting of the lamp directed downward
upon the firstnamed scale and through another opening C¹ light is thrown down from
the lamp upon the scale of the vertical bar A5 when the sight is adjusted so as together
with the firstnamed opening C to be placed straight above the said scale. A bright
oblique face C2 formed by an indentation in the stand at the top of the hole for the
vertical bar A reflects the light thus coming from above upon the scale of the said
bar. When adjusting the sight, first the height and then the lateral position of the
same is adjustel. The sight is therefore first brought over zero, so as to lighten the
scale of the vertical bar, whereupon the sight is adjusted and fixed by means of
the set screw A' to the exact height. Then the sight is moved sideways by means of
the horizontal screw As to the position wanted. A narrow opening C³ likewise
lightened by the lamp serves as index of the sight in the last named adjusting.
The arrangement for lightening the front sight figs. 7 and 8 is about the same as
for the back sight. The hollow point D is inserted into a socket D¹ fixed to the gun.
The lamp B rests by means of a piece of ebonite D on a hollow bottom D³ screwed
into the point D. Two springs D' fixed in the ebonite piece D2 and united with the
wires of the lamp make contact with corresponding insulated metallic pieces D³ in
the socket D. The same part 6 of the circuit that conducts the current to the
lamp A is likewise united with the metal pieces D³ so that both lamps A and B¹
always shine simultaneously.
It is evident that the pointing and aiming device just described can be used to
guns as well as to other contrivances and instruments which are required to be pointed
in the dark.
The key represented in figs. 1 and 2 is provided for opening and closing lamp
circuit and also for opening and closing for a current passing through another circuit
serving to fire the gun and so arranged that the currents may be at work either
separately or both at the same time. The key consists of a hollow Ț shaped bandle,
its stem E having an outer socket E' provided with a central pin E³, and also
provided with a handle E. A helical spring E' located in the stem E¹ holds off the
socket E2 so far as permitted by the slot in the stem E', the cross part working in the
slot being in one with the pin E³. When taking hold of the handle one can
easily move the socket E down against the spring E³ until the bottom rim of the
socket arrives close to the head E of the key. At one end of the head there is
a movable knob F which is pressed out by a helical spring F¹. In the interior of the
head there are two springs F2 and F3 provided with barbs at the ends the one fixed to
the movable knob F and the other fixed to a pin firmly inserted into the opposite end
of the head, this pin as well as the movable knob F being made of some insulating
material. When pushing in the knob F, the springs F2 and F³ engage with their
barbs. If then the socket E be depressed as mentioned above, its central.pin, E³
presses upon the..spring .F2 of the movable knob so as to bend it down. The two

page_text: barbed springs are then disconnected and the depressed spring F2 will with a lower
branch F come in contact with a screw F while being pushed back by helical
spring F. The depressed spring F is constantly in contact with another screw
and the other barbed spring F3 is in metallic connection with a screw F. From the
three respective screws F5, F6 and F7 there proceed three conducting wires a, b, and c
passing through the key and united to a firing string. These wires are connected
with three screws X, Y, Z. fig. 9 in the sight stand, viz. a with Z, b with Y, and e
with X. From the screw Z the wire a continues to the percussion pipe T, which by
means of a continued conduit is connected with a contact K on the gun carriage. By
means of the commutator H the contact K may when desired be put in direct
connection with the source of electricity G in the carriage. From Y the wire b
passes to one contact spring Be at the vertical bar B5 of the back sight, see fig. 5,
and from there it may be brought to pass through the lamp A on the back sight
and from the other contact spring B' to the lamp B₁ on the front sight and further to
the contact knob I fig. 9 on the carriage. The third wire c on the contrary passes
passes from X direct to the source of electricity G. When the parts of the key have
the position shewn in fig. 1 there is no contact in any part of the conduits. If the
movable knob F is pushed in the wires b and c get in connection one with another by
which the lamps are lighted. If then the key is compressed the said connection is
interrupted and the wires a and c come on the contrary for a moment in connection
with one another. If the key be depressed without that the knob F is previously
pushed in, there will be no closing of the current circuit. The commutator H
fig. 9 can be adjusted to either of the contacts I and K on the carriage or to
both simultaneously, it being made in two parts as shown in fig. 9. At the stand
of the commander of the battery there is another commutator S (on the part of fig. 9
which is continued onto sheet 2) which can be turned across say for instance four
contacts L, L, L, and L³ or across other four contacts M, M1, M2, and M³ (or
six or for any other number of guns). The firstnamed contacts are by means of
wires connected with the commutators H at the respective four guns and the
commutator S at the battery commander's stand is by means of wires in the same
way connected with the other contacts K on the guns. The two groups of contacts L
and M are further in direct connection one with another by means of wires passing
round galvanometers P of rather considerable resistance. If the. arm of the com-
mutator S is put upon the contacts L the wires a and c will be connected one
with another. In the position of the arm shewn on the drawing the circuit a-c
is interrupted. If the arm S is put upon M the galvanometers and the resistances
in the circuit a--c are connected. A binding screw F in the key in connection
with the wire a, fig. 1, is pierced by a hole into which a small insulated pin R
loosely fixed to the firing string can be passed. If first the movable knob F on
the key is pressed in and then the pin is inserted, a bifurcated closing of the
current circuit will take place so that the current will pass through the percussion as
well as through the lamps. The system of circuits and apparatus thus formed is used
in the following manner.
As it results from the above there are two interruptions in the circuit of each gun,
viz. in the key fig. 1 by means of the pin and at the commutator S with the com-
mander of the battery. If the last named interruption is cancelled by the commander
bringing the commutator S across the knobs L the interruption in the key. remains,
and the individual managing the key at the gun can thus bring the circuit in action
at will irrespective of the commander. The commutator S brought over the knobs L
is thus adjusting for separate fire.. By daylight the commutator H on the gun is
adjusted as shown on the drawing. If the commander's commutator S stands above
the contacts L, then when the movable knob F is pressed in, there will be an inter-
ruption at I by way of G, c, X, F2, F³, b, Y, A³, b, B₁ so that there will be no
lighting of. lamps by daylight. When the key is then depressed the way of the
current will be G, c, X, F2, F³, a, Z, T, a, K, S, L, H, and back to G. T signifies
the fuze and thus firing takes place.
At night the commutator H on the gun is adjusted to I.
The way of the current

page_text: will then be as above, only with the difference that in the first case it continues from I
to K and G so as to close the current circuit and make the lamps glow. When the
key is compressed the current to the lamps is interrupted at F2, F3 so that they do
not shine longer than just wanted for the pointing. By adjusting the commutator S
either to the position of interruption shown on the drawing or above M, M¹, M², M³
the commander can interrupt the fire. In the last event the current for the fuze will
pass through a galvanometer where it meets with so great a resistance as to become so
feeble that it is not able to effect the firing. The current provokes however a turn of
the galvanometer which serves as a signal from the person managing the gun to the
commander that the gun is ready for firing. In order for such a purpose to be able
to transmit a continuous current, the pin R is inserted in the binding screw F6 for
the wire a on the key, the knob F being pressed in for being able to point the gun
and to maintain the pointing, so that the said pin R makes contact with the branch F
of the barbed contact. The commander finds then by looking at the corresponding
galvanometer that the gun is ready for firing.
When the commander in this way finds that all the guns are ready he can fire them
all at the same time by turning the commutator S to L, L', L, L and thus effect a
concentrated fire. In order that the pin R may remain in position after having been
inserted, the firing string to which it is fixed is wound around the key some turns
between E and E In order to be able to make oneself independent of the conduit
to the commander in the event that the said conduit should be damaged, the arm of
the commutator Hon the gun may be made double or divided as shewn at fig. 9º.
Thus divided to both contacts I and K the sight can be illuminated and the gun
pointed and fired in the way described for separate fire. The screws X, Y, and Z are
inserted into an ebonite plate V figs. 4, and 5, and covered by a lid V. This
lid being shewn to its greatest extent cut away covers with a bent part the opening
into which are inserted the springs B forming contact with the vertical bar B of the
rear sight.
.
The size of the sight must of course be adapted to the size of the gun, and
when it is to be much reduced it must undergo suitable modifications. At the sight
the lamp may for instance be placed in the vertical bar A if this is made sufficiently
thick, modified thus the sight is shewn in figs. 10, 11, and 12, fig. 10 being a
section vertical to the line of sight, fig. 11 an outside elevation, and fig. 12.a cross
section.
As shewn in fig. 10 the lamp A' is placed at the top of the bar A' which is
thus somewhat wider than the rest of the bar. The bottom of the enclosing casing
or frame A³ consists at both sides of the lamp of oblique bright faces P¹ which reflect
the light into the part A² so as to lighten the glass prism A. In order that the scales
may be lightened the horizontal scale is graduated in an oblique plate of horn P2
which covers a narrow opening 13 in the part A3 above the lamp so as to be illuminated.
The scale on the vertical bar A is lightened by the lamp through a down passage P
in the upper wider part of the bar. The transverse lines of that part of the scale
which is situated on the cylindrical part containing the passage just named are cut
quite through the wall of the passage so as to be made shining by the lamp. Fig. 13
is an end view and fig. 14 a sectional side view of a back sight in which in lieu of the
notch I provide a hair line cross which is illuminated from the front end of the gun
by means of any light source and a reflector appliance. The light may most con-
veniently be an electric glow lamp and this as well as the reflecting mirror may
evidently be arranged in many different ways. The cross hair lines g¹, g², g³.. the
two former vertical and the latter horizantal and of a green or blue colour are
fixed in a frame G which rises from the hollow part or shell A³. The horizontal
hair line wires serve for the vertical pointing and the vertical hairs g¹, g², for
the lateral sighting. The front sight is adjusted by the point G². The shell A²
is partly open at the top and has in its interior a reflecting face H' which throws
the light from the lamp A¹ upon the hair line wires g 9 g³. The light as wel
as the reflector are thus hidden from the pointer or sighter to whom the hair line
3

page_text: wires appear as distinctly coloured streaks of light. The front sight is illuminated as
above described.
The key may be omitted and the circuit through which the current is transmitted
to the lamp may be provided with a single contact. Simplified in this way the sight
may also be employed generally on instruments provided with sights, for instance
sight of torpedo boats, instruments for taking bearings, diopters, and such like, and
the invention has thus a rather wide application.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. A sight device for the purpose of enabling guns, instruments and such liko to be
pointed in the dark, such device consisting of a back sight notch and a front sight,
both made of coloured glass, the surface of which turned towards the pointer is
lightened by the light of electric incandescent lamps passing through the mass of glass
and reflected in the same, substantially as set forth.
2. In sight devices as firstly claimed the disposition of electric incandescent lamps
at the back sight and the front sight in such a manner that the light of the lamps
passes through the glass and in the interior of the same is by total reflexion, reflected
towards the pointer, substantially as set forth."
3. In a sight device in which the part containing the notch can be moved along a
horizontal part provided with a scale, the disposition in the interior of the movable
part of an electric incandescent lamp, which through openings in the mounting of the
lamp throws light to the notch of the sight and upon the horizontal scale substantially
as set forth.
4. In sights that can be raised and lowered by means of a vertical bar provided
with a scale and passing through a hole in a part stationary with respect to the
bar, the disposition above the vertical bar of an electric incandescent lamp, and in
the stationary part near the bar of a reflecting face throwing the light of the lamp
parallel or nearly parallel with the bar upon the scale of the bar, substantially as set
forth.
5. In guns an arrangement for being able, by means of an electric current first
with the help of incandescent lamps to lighten the front sight and the back sight of
the gun, and then by means of incandescent ignition to fire the gun and at the same
time to extinguish the lamps consisting of two contact springs with hooks or barbs
disposed in a handle for the incandescent lamps, which barbs can be connected by the
action of a spring by pressing in a knob whereby the lamps are lighted and of a bar
movable on the handle by means of an outer part, which bar when being pressed in,
disconnects the said contact springs when the lamps are extinguished and simul-
taneously brings the one contact spring in contact with the conduit to the fuze by
which the electric current finds its way through this and fires the gun substantially
as set forth.
6. In guns the discharging of which is effected by means of an electric current,
an arrangement by means of which the commander can see when the gun is ready
for firing, and which enables him to decide whether the firing may be performed
by a person at the gun or by himself alone, consisting of two groups of contacts
to which the one branch of the circuit from the respective guns is conducted, viz.
first to the one group and then to the other around the galvanometers with suitable
resistance and alternatively to a commutator adjustable above the said two groups, to
which the other branches of the conduits are going with the view that, when the
indicator is put upon the one group, the galvanometer may make a turn, but the
current being weakened so that no firing takes place, and that, when the indicator
is brought upon the other group a current may pass the galvanometers and a
firing of all the guns may take place substantially as set forth.
7. In such a sight for instruments and guns that may be adjusted sideways by
being moved horizontally along a part provided with a scale and likewise vertically

page_text: thereby that the sight is fixed to a bar moving vertically and provided with a scale, an
arrangement for lightening partly the notch of the sight and partly both the scales,
consisting of an electric incandescent lamp disposed in the interior of the top of the
vertical bar of the sight, which lamp partly throws light to the sight partly through
the horizontal and upper part of the vertical scale, which are made of some transparent
matter or perforated, and partly, by means of a reflecting face disposed close to the
lamp, throws the light down upon the lower part of the vertical scale, substantially as
set forth.
8. A sight device consisting of a back sight and front sight, which on the surface
turned towards the pointer are lightened by a light reflected in the interior of the
glass, the said surfaces being roughed, substantially as set forth.
9. In sights an arrangement corresponding to the common notch for the purpose of
pointing guns and other objects in the dark consisting of a hair line cross of a dull
colour and of a reflecting surface in front of the cross which surface throws the light
from a glow lamp upon the hair lines, substantially as set forth.
10. The constructions of electric sighting and firing appliances shown on the
drawings.
Dated thin 16th dow of 1000
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.