IMPROVEMENTS IN BREWING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hensman Teulon, of Coopers Row, Tower
Hill, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREWING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."-A communication from
abroad by Anton Christopher Ludwig Reinhardt, of Mannheim.
Sealed the 12th March 1861, and dated the 17th September 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hensman Teulon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th September 1860.
I, WILLIAM HENSMAN TEULON, of Coopers Row, Tower Hill, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREWING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in brewing and in apparatus
employed therein. For these purposes the malt in place of being mashed in
the ordinary manner is placed in a close vessel between two perforated plates
or suitable reticulated partitions. The bottom of this vessel is connected with
the bottom of another vessel by means of a pipe, having a cock or valve to close
the passage between the two vessels, and the top of the first-mentioned vessel
is by another pipe (having a stop-cock or valve) connected with the bottom of
another or third close vessel. The two vessels with which the first-mentioned
vessel is connected are each provided with a water guage to indicate the quantity

page_text: of water therein, and such vessels are by a suitable pipe connected at their
upper ends with a steam boiler in such manner that steam may be introduced
into either, whilst the other is shut off by a suitable cock or valve from com-
municating with the steam boiler. The proper quantity of malt is introduced
between the perforated partitions in the first-mentioned vessel, and the proper
quantity of water is to be introduced into one of the other vessels. Steam
is to be allowed to flow into that vessel so as to drive out the water therefrom,
and to cause the water to flow through the first-mentioned vessel and through
the malt contained therein and thence into the third vessel, then the process
is to be reversed, the steam is to be shut off from the vessel into which it was
first allowed to flow, and is to be turned on so as to flow into and act on the
water in the other or third vessel and drive it back through the first-mentioned
vessel and through the malt therein, and thus cause it to return to the vessel
from which it was first pressed by the steam. This process of passing the
water by the pressure of steam through the vessel first-mentioned, and through
the malt contained therein is to be repeated as many times as may be con-
sidered desirable. The extract is then drawn off and treated in the ordinary
manner of brewing. The grains are to be removed from the first-mentioned
vessel through a man-hole just above the lower perforated partition. The
cover of the first-mentioned vessel is arranged to be readily removed, and such
is the case in regard to the perforated partitions.
ratus.
In order to cool worts they are subjected to the following process and appa-
Within a case are arranged hollow columns of a conical form; these
columns contain water, which is cooled by ice when desired. The metal of
the lower ends of these columns is serrated; these columns, the smaller ends of
which are upward, are kept constantly supplied with water by a suitable de-
scending pipe with branches connected with the lower ends of the columns.
Each column has a cock for running off the water therein when desired, and
there is an overflow pipe at the top of each column; bence the water circulates
from the bottom upwards. At the top of each column is an annular basin
having rows of finely perforated holes at the bottom. Into these basins the
wort is run and from them through the rows of perforations, the wort descends
in' numerous small streams down the interior and exterior surfaces of the cones,
there being a descending hollow conical pipe through each column, the larger
end of such pipe being upwards. The cooled wort when it arrives at the bottom
of the columns descends in numerous streams into a tray having a spout from
which the cooled wort flows to a suitable vessel or receiver, and this tray is
surrounded by water contained in an outer tray at the bottom of the case, which
encloses the apparatus above explained. Streams of air are introduced by pipes,

page_text: the ends of which communicate with the interior of the conical pipes, which
ascend through the columns, and above such pipes there are openings through
the top or cover of the case containing the apparatus; there are also other air
passages for air to pass freely exterior of the columns. By these means
not only are the worts divided into numerous streams, which descend in
contact with the cooled surfaces interior and exterior of the columns, but
streams of air are caused to ascend both interior and exterior of the columns
in the opposite direction to that in which the streams of wort descend.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Hensman Teulon in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th March 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENSMAN TEULON, of Coopers Row, Tower Hill, in the City of London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Hensman Teulon, Her special licence that I, the said William
Hensman Teulon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Hensman Teulon, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREWING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a
communication to me from abroad by Anton Christopher Ludwig Reinhardt, of
Mannheim, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Hensman Teulon, my executors, or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed; and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Hensman Teulon, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by-the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in brewing and in apparatus
employed therein. For these purposes the malt in place of being mashed in
the ordinary manner is placed in a close vessel between two perforated plates
or suitable reticulated partitions. The bottom of this vessel is connected with
the bottom of another vessel by means of a pipe having a cock or valve to close
the passage between the two vessels, and the top of the first-mentioned vessel
is by another pipe (having a stop-cock or valve) connected with the bottom of
another or third close vessel. The two vessels with which the first-mentioned
vessel is connected are each provided with a water guage to indicate the
quantity of water therein, and such vessels are by a suitable pipe connected
at their upper ends with a steam boiler in such manner that steam may be
introduced into either, whilst the other is shut off by a suitable cock or valve
for communicating with the steam boiler. The proper quantity of malt is
introduced between the perforated partitions in the first-mentioned vessel, and
the proper quantity of water is to be introduced into one of the other vessels
steam is to be allowed to flow into that vessel so as to drive out the water
therefrom, and to cause the water to flow through the first-mentioned vessel,
and through the malt contained therein, and thence into the third vessel; then
the process is to be reversed; the steam is to be shut off from the vessel into
which it was first allowed to flow, and is to be turned on so as flow into and
act on the water in the other or third vessel and drive it back through the
first-mentioned vessel and through the malt therein, and thus cause it to return
to the vessel from which it was first pressed by the steam. This process of
passing the water by the pressure of steam through the vessel first-mentioned
and through the malt contained therein, is to be repeated as many times as
may be considered desirable. The extract is then drawn off and treated in the
ordinary manner of brewing. The grains are to be removed from the first-
mentioned vessel through a man-hole just above the lower perforated partition.
The cover of the first-mentioned vessel is arranged to be readily removed, and
such is the case in regard to the perforated partitions.
In order to cool worts they are subjected to the following process
and appa-
ratus: Within a case are arranged hollow columns of a conical form; these
columns contain water, which is cooled by ice when desired. The metal of
the lower ends of these columns is serrated. These columns, the smaller ends
of which are upward, are kept constantly supplied with water by a suitable
descending pipe with branches connected with the lower ends of the columns.
Each column has a cock for running off the water therein when desired, and

page_text: there is an overflow pipe at the top of each column, hence the water circulates
from the bottom upwards. At the top of each column is an annular basin
having rows of finely perforated holes at the bottom. Into these basins the
wort is run, and from them through the rows of perforations the wort descends
in numerous small streams down the interior and exterior surfaces of the
cones, there being a descending hollow conical pipe through each column, the
larger end of such pipe being upwards. The cooled wort when it arrives at
the bottom of the columns descends in numerous streams into a tray having a
spout from which the cooled wort flows to a suitable vessel or receiver, and this
tray is surrounded by water contained in an outer tray at the bottom of the
case which encloses the apparatus above explained. Streams of air are intro-
duced by pipes, the ends of which communicate with the interior of the conical
pipes which ascend through the columns, and above such pipes there are
openings through the top or cover of the case containing the apparatus; there
are also other air passages for air to pass freely exterior of the columns. By
these means not only are the worts divided into numerous streams which
descend in contact with the cooled surfaces interior and exterior of tho
columns, but streams of air are caused to ascend both interior and exterior of
the columns in the opposite direction to that in which the streams of wort
descend.
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, I will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a side view; and Figure 2, a plan of the apparatus
for obtaining the wort from malt.
A and B are two large cylindrical reservoirs of equal dimensions, fitted with
lids A and B¹ of sheet iron, or any other metal or material hermetically closed;
to each of the reservoirs a water guage W is affixed to shew the height of the
water therein; each reservoir has also applied to it a safety valve $ for regu-
lating the pressure within it; M is a reservoir, likewise of sheet iron or any
other material, and of smaller dimensions than the reservoirs A and B; the
lid M of the reservoir M may be readily removed and replaced. In the
interior of the reservoir M are two moveable plates or partitions F and F
bored with fine holes, one of which is close to the bottom, but the other Fis
placed sufficiently high to allow the necessary quantity of malt to be placed:
between the partitions; L is an opening in the reservoir M for the emptying of
the outpressed malt; K is a pipe, through which the necessary water for the:
decoction is conveyed into the reservoir A; this pipe is furnished with a cock;

page_text: D is a pipe, coming from an ordinary boiler which is connected with the reser-
voirs A and B by the cocks H and H'. The pipes P and P¹ provided with
cocks unite the reservoirs A and M ; and the pipes R and R¹ also provided
with cocks unite the reservoirs B and M; Z is a pipe furnished with a cock,
which connects the reservoir A with the brewing pan. The required quantity
of malt is placed between the perforated plates or partitions F and F in the
reservoir M, and the reservoir is then closed with the lid M¹; the reservoir A
is then filled by means of the pipe K with the necessary quantity of water;
the cock on the pipe K is then carefully closed; steam from the pipe D is then
conducted into the reservoir A, and by means of a pressure of about two atmo-
spheres causes the water in reservoir A to flow through the pipe P into the
reservoir M, and after penetrating the malt contained in the same to flow into
the reservoir B through the pipe R, the cock H is now closed, and the steam
by means of the same pipe D is conducted into reservoir B; the fluid con-
tained in the reservoir B is then pressed back again through the reservoir M
into reservoir A. This operation is repeated again and again until the malt is
duly extracted and the beer wort has obtained its desired strength. After the
finished wort has returned again for the last time into reservoir A, the same
is for the purpose of ebullition emptied into the brewing pan through pipe Z,
where it attains a temperature of 70°. In place of the top of the reservoir M
being connected by the pipe R with the bottom of the reservoir B, both the
top and the bottom of the reservoir M may be connected by pipes furnished
with cocks with the top and the bottom of the reservoir B, and also in like
manner with the reservoir A. By thus arranging the apparatus the fluid
may always be caused to flow in the same direction through the reservoir M.
I will now proceed to describe the apparatus for cooling worts.
. Figure 1 (Sheet 2) is a vertical section of the apparatus; Figure 2 (Sheet 2)
is a vertical section through the line A, A, Figure 1; Figure 3 is a horizontal
section, according to the line B, B; and Figure 4 shews the bottom of basin
on a large scale; Figure 5, vertical section of same, through the line C, C,
Figure 4; Figure 6, exterior view of a refrigerating column on a larger scale;
Figure 7, a perspective view of the support of the refrigerating column; and
Figure 8, a brush for cleaning the columns.
⚫a, a, are conical columns, or pillars of copper or other metal or material;
they are provided at the lower edge with teeth or indentations; the column is
also provided with a bottom. These columns are intended for the reception of
cold water; b, b, is a pipe, in connection with the lower end of the columns;
this pipe is provided at the top with a funnel, and through this pipe the cold
water is conducted into the lower part of the columns; a', are cocks, for

page_text: letting off the water contained in the columns a, a; c, c, are bearers, or
supports of the columns a, a; d, d, is a discharging pipe, in connection with
the upper part of the columns. As water is supplied to the pipe b, b, it passes
into the interior of the columns at their lower ends, and a current of water is
thus caused to flow through the columns from the bottom upwards and to pass
out through the overflow pipe d at o; e, e, are basins, which rest on the
columns a, a, and by means of the pipe e¹ are in connection with each other,
and serve for the reception of the fluid to be cooled. Each of these basins is
provided at the bottom with two rows of very small holes x, x, to allow for
the passage of the fluid to be cooled, which thereby falls out from the top of
the columns in little drops. Figure 4 represents one of these basins with the
holes x, x, on a larger scale; Figure 5 is a section, according to line C, C, in
Figure 4, both already mentioned; y is a pipe, through which the fluid to be
cooled is conducted into basins e, e; f, f, are basins, provided with a conducting
channel g and two pipes r, r, into which the fluid to be cooled falls down from
the columns a, a, in drops; f, f, is a basin, for the reception of the cold
water, into which for the promotion of greater refrigeration ice can be put
when required; the basin is likewise provided with a conducting channel Z
and two pipes 8, s, which go through the pipes r, r; these pipes are for the
purpose of passing a current of air through the interior of the columns a;
i, are cocks, for letting out the water contained in basin f¹, f¹; 1, 1, is an
enclosure, or casing of wood or other material; the back of the casing is
omitted in the Drawing for the sake of clearness; the lid is provided with
doors, in order that the apparatus may be cleaned with facility; m, m, in
Figure 3, are openings at the bottom, through which the air penetrates through
the interior of the casing 1, 1; j is a channel, which conducts the air into the
interior of the casing 1, 1, which then spreads over the columns internally and
externally, and at last escapes through the openings in the lid k, k, in the
direction of the arrows.
The working of the apparatus is as follows:-The interior of the column
a, a, is filled with cold water through the pipe b, b, and a constant circulation
of the water is kept up by constantly pouring in water through the pipe b.
The basin f, f, is likewise filled with water (or water and ice mixed) to the
height of the discharging channel Z. The fluid to be cooled is conducted by
means of the pipes y into the basins e, e, through the small holes x, x, in the
bottom of which they fall in little drops, and are conducted in a very thin
stream on to the interior and exterior surface of the columns, from the
bottoms of which they fall into the basin f by means of the afore-mentioned
indentations at their lower edge; the fluid will then be perfectly cooled, and will

page_text: fall out ready for reception at 9, as shewn in Figure 1, Sheet 2. After the
refrigeration is complete the lid of the casing is; raised, and the doors of the
casing opened, the interior of the columns cleaned with the cleansing brush,
described in Figure 8, and the other parts of the apparatus with common
scrubbing brushes; the apparatus will then be ready for the next operation.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Hensman Teulon, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
WM. H. TEULON. (L.S.)