IMPROVE- MENTS IN MAKING THE JOINTS OF PIPES, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PARTS REQUIRED TO FORM THE SAME."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Allan Eaton, of Priory Villa, Starch Green Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MAKING THE JOINTS OF PIPES, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
THE PARTS REQUIRED TO FORM THE SAME."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Allan Eaton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1881.
JAMES ALLAN EATON, of Priory Villa, Starch Green Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING THE JOINTS OF PIPES,
AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PARTS REQUIRED TO FORM THE SAME."
This Invention relates more especially to the construction and method of forming
the joints of pipes used for gas, water, or other fluids, and for house drainage and
sanitary purposes, where the formation of a perfectly tight joint is of great
importance, and has special reference to a modification of that form of joint known
by the name of the caulked socket and spigot joint. The modification proposed
by this Invention is the substitution of loose sockets or collars in place of the usual
sockets cast or made on each pipe, and the substitution of other non-contracting
material in the place of or in addition to the lead commonly used.
For the purposes of this Invention it is requisite that all pipes which are intended
to be laid horizontally shall be made without sockets at either end, but shall have
what is known as spigot ends, either plain or with fillets or beads of the customary
description and for the purpose of retaining the material and connecting the pipes
to be joined loose sockets or collars are adopted. These loose sockets or collars
may be made of cast or wrought iron, or of other metals, or of earthenware, or
other materials which may be found to be most convenient and economical for the
sizes and descriptions of materials in the pipes to be joined, and may be made of
various shapes and dimensions, and may be made to connect pipes of any description

page_text: and materials. The loose collars may be so constructed that when placed in the
position necessary for making the joints there shall be an annular or other space
of equal thickness round each corresponding part of the pipes to be joined. In
each of the loose sockets or collars there shall be one or more holes placed in such
a position or positions as may be most convenient for the purpose, or running in
the material required to complete the joint. The material which is used to
complete the joint may be cement, sulphur, or its compounds, or what is known
as Spence's patent metal, or Hutchinson's patent metalloid, or any other suitable
material which does not contract or shrink in setting or cooling. The term pipes
in this Specification is meant to include bends, branches, or other irregular or
special connections.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Allan Eaton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd April
1882.
JAMES ALLAN EATON, of Priory Villa, Starch Green Road, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING THE JOINTS OF PIPES, AND IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF THE PARTS REQUIRED TO FORM THE SAME.”
This Invention which relates to a novel method of constructing tight joints,
more especially in the pipes used for gas, water, drainage, and sanitary purposes,
has special reference to the substitution of loose sockets or collars and the use of a
non-contracting sealing material in the place of the present socket and spigot joint
caulked with lead and yarn.
For the purpose of this Invention I use, 1st, pipes without sockets cast on
either of their ends, being what is known as spigot pipes; 2ndly, I use loose
sockets or collars of special construction made of various materials according to
the nature of the pipes to be joined; 3rdly, I use a non-contracting material in
place of lead or other materials at present in use. In this Specification the term
pipes is meant to include irregulars and connections.
The Drawings annexed describe the general configuration of the pipes, loose
sockets, or collars, and their general construction and application to joints of
pipes.
Fig. 1 represents a sectional elevation of a completed joint, in which the socket
and sealing material are shown in section, and the pipes in elevation, the socket
cast or moulded.
Fig. 2 represents a transverse section of a joint completed.
Fig. 3 represents an end elevation of the same.
Fig. 4 represents a side elevation of the same.
Fig. 5, a longitudinal section of a loose socket or collar.
Fig. 6, a transverse section of the same.
Fig. 7, a sectional elevation of a joint made with sheet metal socket.
Fig. 8, a transverse section of the same.
Fig. 9, an end elevation of the same.
Fig. 10 represents a plan view of the same.
Figs. 11 and 12, elevations of the eccentric discs for end of sheet metal sockets.
Of the letters upon the various Drawings a, a, represents the spigot pipes; b, b,
the loose sockets or collars; c, c, the sealing material; d, d, the holes in loose
sockets; e, e, the yarn or other material placed round junction of pipes; ff, the
clay or rope put round end of sockets while making joints; g, h, the ends or discs
of sheet metal joint.
The pipes a, a, have spigot ends; these ends may be either plain, cast, or cut
off "square" on their ends, or with a slight bevel or angle so as to facilitate the
making of joints where there is a slight deviation from the straight in the line of
pipes; these ends may be made either plain or with fillets or beads at either or
both of their ends. For the purpose of connecting the spigot pipes I use loose
sockets or collars b, b, made of various materials, as described. These loose sockets
or collars to be made with holes at the ends eccentric to the centre line, and of
sufficient size to enable the loose sockets to be passed over the fillets or beads or
other projection on the ends of spigot pipes. By the means of these eccentric holes
it will be seen that when the loose socket is in position for making a joint, the
ends of such loose sockets rest upon a portion of the upper part of the circum-
ference of the pipes, and by this means guage or determine the space left for the
sealing material which is to surround the pipes without placing wedges or caulking

page_text: with yarn for this purpose. In the sheet metal sockets I use one or more eccentric
discs, and by revolving these make them to rest on the circumference of the pipes
at top and bottom, as shewn in Fig. 9. In the length of each loose socket there
is to be a hole or holes (depending upon the length of loose socket employed)
through which to pour the sealing material so as to ensure a perfectly continuous
solid ring round the pipes. The materials which I employ for sealing the joints are
cement, sulphur, or other materials which do not contract in setting or cooling,
but I give the preference to what is known as Spence's metal or star metal
(Hutchinson's metalloid). Having now described the construction of the parts &
nature of sealing materials, I will now describe the method of using the same,--
Having taken two spigot pipes a, a, I slip a loose socket b over one of them,
and having placed the pipes in conjunction I place if necessary a thin strip of
yarn e or other material at junction of pipes, and then place the loose socket or
collar in the position shewn in Fig. 1, and having put the usual band of clay or
rope at ends of socket as f, f, I pour in the sealing (c) material through the
hole d, & when cool remove the clay or rope f, f, and the joint is complete. A
similar operation is performed in making a joint with sheet metal socket with the
addition of revolving one of the eccentric discs h into the position shewn in Fig. 9.
This Invention will I believe enable a perfectly tight joint to be formed, and will
effect considerable economy both in the construction of pipes & in the cost of freight
and carriage, and I claim as novel in this Invention especially the use of the loose
sockets or collars, constructed as described and illustrated for joining pipes of the
nature and form of construction described, used in conjunction with the quick
setting and non-contracting substances, as described for making the joints of
pipes.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Allan Eaton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our Lord
JAMES ALLAN EATON. (LS.)