Improvements in Fumigants and Fumigators.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 6th July, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 5th Apr., 1900-Accepted, 26th May, 1900
Improvements in Fumigants and Fumigators.
I, CHARLES THOMAS KINGZETT, F.I.C., of Elmstead Knoll, Chislehurst, in the
County of Kent, Chemical Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in disinfecting sick rooms, hospital
wards and other places by fumigation also to the destruction of insect life and
parasites in stables, green houses, and the like and consists of means for gene-
rating sulphurous acid (sulphur dioxide) gas, in association, either with the
vapours of formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde or other chemical agent and the
employment of particular apparatus therefor. I employ sulphur candles as
described in my Specifications Nos. 11807 of 1893, 14903 of 1893 and 10445 of
1894, or as otherwise prepared and use the heat which is generated by the burning
sulphur to cause the evaporation or volatilisation of the paraformaldehyde or
corrosive sublimate or other disinfectant or parasiticide which latter is first of
all suitably prepared and is then placed in another container in juxta position to
the vessel containing the sulphur candle, for example it may be inserted in it
or be placed above it or take the form of a jacket surrounding it, taking adequate
care to utilise the heat in such manner that possible decomposition of the para-
formaldehyde or such other chemical agent as may be employed, does not resulį,
through exposing it to too high a temperature.
In one form of apparatus the metallic vessel for the sulphur candle is sur-
rounded by two concentric annular vessels the inner one for the paraformalde-
hyde preparation or the like and the outer one for water or the vessels containing
the paraformaldehyde preparation or the like and the water may be placed above
the candle.
-
In some cases also I mix the paraformaldehyde preparation with sulphur or
wax. When the mixture is heated the paraformaldehyde is volatilised as soon
as the proper temperature is roached.
Dotad 01
T..1.. 1000
Improvements in Fumigants and Fumigators.
I, CHARLES THOMAS KINGZETT, F.I.C., of Elmstead Knoll, Chislehurst, in the
County of Kent, Chemical Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
This invention relates to improvements in disinfecting sick rooms, hospital
wards, and other places, by fumigation, also to the destruction of insect life and
parasites in stables, greenhouses, and the like, and consists of means for generat-
Price 8d.]

page_text: ing sulphurous acid (sulphur-dioxide) gas, in association either with the vapours
of formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde or other cliemical agent, and the employ-
ment of particular apparatus therefor.
I employ sulphur candles or fumigators as described in my Specifications
Nos. 11807 of 1893, 14903 of 1893, and 10445 of 1894, or as otherwise prepared
and use the heat which is generated by the burning sulphur to cause the evapora-
tion or volatilisation of the paraformaldehyde or corrosive sublimate or other
disinfectant or parasiticide which latter is first of all suitably prepared and is
then placed in another container in juxta-position or near to the vessel contain-
ing the sulphur candle; for example above it, or in a jacket surrounding it, or
in a distinct capsule or other container inserted in the body of the sulphur candle
taking adequate care to utilise the heat of the burning candle in such manner
that decomposition of the para-formaldehyde or such other chemical agent as may
be employed does not result through exposure to too high a temperature.
It is obvious that other means of heating than by the use of sulphur candles
may be employed in this connection as for example lamps of wick and methy-
lated or other spirit and the result will be the same except that there will be no
generation of sulphurous acid and consequently the disinfecting action of the
vapour will be confined to the formaldehyde or other disinfectant which is gene-
rated from the contents of the other vessel.
This invention also relates to the preparation of the chemical substances that
are employed in connection with the special apparatus before mentioned and the
manner in which they are used.
By way of illustration I append two drawings of two forms of fumigating
appliance such as I have herein described.
Figure 1 illustrates what may be called a double tin, in the outer annular
space of which there is poured, whilst in a pasty or semi-liquid state, a mixture A
of plaster of Paris (with or without other inert material) with para-formaldehyde
or other suitable disinfectant which said mixture subsequently sets in a solid
condition; the inner tin is filled with a mass B of sulphur (which may be poured
in whilst in the molten state) provided with a suitable wick or lighter such for
example as are described in the specifications above referred to.
Upon lighting the sulphur candle the sulphur melts and continues to burn
until the whole of it is consumed with the result that the plaster of Paris or other
mixture therein contained is strongly heated and there is evaporated or volatilised
therefrom the para-formaldehyde or other disinfectant which it contains or with
which it may be saturated immediately before use. As examples of such other
disinfectants that may be employed instead of para-formaldehyde, menthol,
thymol and corrosive sublimate may be mentioned.
Before use, it is advisable to moisten the plaster of Paris casting either with
water or in some cases (as for example when para-formaldehyde is contained in
the plaster mixture) with a solution of formaldehyde.
The water or this said solution of formaldehyde may be added in such quantity
that it stands above the level of the plaster casting or other contents.
The result of using water or a solution of formaldehyde as thus described is
that water vapour in the one case is given off in association with the disinfecting
fumes or vapours, and in the other case the vapour of the formaldehyde solution
is generated in addition to the vapour derived from the employment of the
para-formaldehyde or other disinfectant and the fumes or vapours from the burn-
ing sulphur candle.
In this way rooms, hospital wards, etc. may be disinfected with double security,
for the use of this appliance secures disinfection not only by means of the sul-
phurous acid gas which is generated from the burning sulphur but also by means
of the disinfecting fumes which are generated from the contents of the outer tin
as above described. For a given cubical space therefore it is not necessary to use
so much sulphur as when that substance is alone employed for disinfecting, and
on the other hand it is not necessary to use so much formaldehyde or para-for-

page_text: maldehyde or other disinfectant as when either of these substances is alone
employed.
Figure 2 represents another form of fumigating appliance based upon this.
invention and consists of a triple tin the middle annular space of which is filled
with a sulphur candle B as above described, the outer annular space C may be
charged either with water or with a solution of formaldehyde or other appro-
priate liquid disinfectant whilst the inner smaller vessel is charged with para-
formaldehyde A or any one of several mixtures for example (1) para-formalde-
hyde and sulphur roughly melted together into a mass, (2) para-formaldehyde and
hard paraffin wax roughly melted together, (3) para-formaldeliyde and plaster
admixed with water as above described and set into a mass, (4) corrosive sub-
limate with or without admixture with plaster (5) thymol, menthol or camphor
either of these substances alone or in admixture with para-formaldeliyde or other
volatile disinfectant substance and with or without a coating or matrix of plaster
or other inert material.
When the mixture (1) is used, the sulphur with which the para-formaldehyde
is admixed first of all melts and then the para-formaldehyde is gradually
vapourised from the surface of the hot molten sulphur long before any appreciablo
quantity of the sulphur itself becomes sublimed.
When the mixture (2) is used the wax first of all melts and afterwards the
rara-formaldehyde is gradually vapourised from the surface of the molten wax
long before there is any volatilisation or destructive decomposition of the wax
inedium.
When the mixture (3) becomes heated the para-formaldehyde is gradually
vapourised from the plaster which is left behind as a non-volatile residue.
In all the other instances, of which examples are given, the disinfectants
which are named are sublimed or volatilised by reason of the heat which is gene-
rated from the burning candle leaving behind any non-volatile coating or medium
with which they may be associated for the purpose of moderating the heat and
making the volatilisation gradual in character.
In this form of appliance when the sulphur candle is lighted the heat which
is generated serves the double purpose of evaporating the water or the disin-
fectant solution which is contained in the outer annular space and the vapourisa-
tion or volatilisation of the disinfectant or dinisfectants which are contained in
the inner container as above described.
The vapours from the said inner container are generated and flow through the
small tube D passing out from under the lid E thereof, so that if the vapours
are combustible they are thus conducted to a point at which it is impossible for
them to take fire.
Obviously many other forms of fumigating appliances all based upon this
invention may be designed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The combination with a sulphur candle or fumigator of other fumigants
such as formaldehyde and para-formaldehyde in such manner that the heat of the
burning sulphur vaporises the said other fumigants substantially as described.
2. Fumigants consisting of mixtures of volatile disinfectants such as para-
formaldehyde and corrosive sublimate with sulphur, wax, plaster of Paris or like
material substantially as described.
3. Fumigants and fumigators substantially as described and illustrated in the
drawings.
.