WARMING RAILWAY AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Armand Eugène Preux, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, for the Invention of "WARMING RAILWAY AND OTHER VEHICLES."
Sealed the 28th November 1856, and dated the 10th June 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Armand Eugène Preux
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th June 1856.
I, ARMAND EUGÈNE PREUX, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "WARMING RAILWAY AND OTHER.
VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a new apparatus for warming railway and other
vehicles, and is composed of a metal case or box so constructed as to stand the
weight of passengers. This case is arranged internally on the floor of the
vehicles, and is filled with hot liquid by means of apertures, closed with screw.
stoppers. The case or box, filled with water, is through two tubes set in
communication with a circulating apparatus arranged at the outside of the
vehicle. The lower tube supplies from the case the circulating apparatus with
cold water, and the upper tube brings back the hot water from the circulating
apparatus into the case. The circulating apparatus consists of a metal flue.
with a double sheath, warmed immediately by means of a lamp laid at the.

page_text: lower part of the apparatus. The whole water contained in the case flows
simultaneously into the double sheath, there to be warmed; the circulating
apparatus is, besides, provided with a small tube or fluc, to allow the generating
steam to evaporate. The lamp used to warm the apparatus consists of a
moveable recipient, with either variable or constant level, and with a double
current of air; it is laid and calculated to slide in an external sheet-iron sheath,
with holes in it, for the purpose of admitting the air necessary to combustion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Armand Eugène Preux in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 10th December 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARMAND
EUGÈNE PREUX, of Paris, in the Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Пer most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Armand Eugène Preux, IIer special licence that I, the said Armand Eugène
Preux, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Armand Eugène Preux, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "WARMING RAILWAY
AND OTHER VEHICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that J, the said
Armand Eugène Preux, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after tho
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Armand Eugène Preux, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-

page_text: warmer.
My Invention relates to an apparatus for warming railway and other vehicles
or carriages, which I so arrange that it is suitable at the same time for a foot-
It consists of a vessel filled with water heated by a lamp or lamps.
This apparatus is represented in the annexed Drawings, in which Figure 1 is
a plan of the apparatus; and Figure 2 a vertical section of the same, through
the line A, B, C, D, E, F, Figure 1.
The chamber or vessel from which heat radiates to warm the carriage or
compartment, in the form of a foot-warmer, consists of a metal case a, a, of
rectangular or other suitable form, internally stayed and strengthened by ties, at
such distance one from the other as to resist the weight or pressure of the
travellers treading thereon. This chamber or vessel is placed in the interior of
the vehicle, or recessed into and flash with the floor; it is filled with water or
other liquid, which is introduced by means of apertures, closed with two screw
plugs or stoppers m, m, placed at the upper part, and at each extremity of the
foot-warmer or chamber a, a.
The heating vessel or foot-warmer filled with liquid is put into communication
by two tubes, and screwed union metal or other joints b, c, d, and g, o, n, with
a heating apparatus, in which the water or other liquid circulates, placed under
the floor, and at the side of, but within the limits of the vehicle. One of the
tubes conducts the cold water contained in the foot-warmer to the lower part
of the heating and circulating apparatus; the other tube g, n, is placed. in
communication with the upper part or head of the heating and circulating,
apparatus, from which it conducts hot water to the interior of the foot-warmer.,
The pipe n extends to nearly the length of the vessel a, so that the ingress
aperture of the hot water shall be at a considerable distance from the aperture
in connexion with pipe d, by which the cold water is conducted to the heating
apparatus. The apparatus consists of a metal flue e, with a double sheath or
casing, forming a jacket e¹ around the chimney or flue, receiving the products
of combustion from a lamp i, placed at the lower part. The jacket e¹ com-
municates by two short tubes h and h', with a cylindrical head or chamber of
metal, the under part of which is concave at the middle and grooved at the
extremities; this head receives directly the heat from the lamp i, and com-
which tube
municates with the foot-warmer a, a, by means of the tube
conducts the water beated by contact with the chambers e¹ and f. Thus, the
water which passes cold from the foot-warmer by the tube d (which com-
municates with the lower part of the jacket e') is heated in the jacket, e',
around the flue e, and then ascends into the head f, where it attains the boiling
point, or nearly so, and from whence it returns into the foot-warmer in a heated
state. Two lamps are represented in the Drawings in connection with the

page_text: chamber a, a, but one or other numbers of lamps may be used therewith.
Thus, a circulation is produced around each lamp, which keeps the contents of
the vessel a, a, constantly filled with hot water.
The lamp which warms the flue consists of a moveable vessel i, in which
either a variable or constant level of the oil may be maintained. It is provided
with passages to permit a double current of air to the flame, one in the interior,
the other at the exterior. This lamp is provided with grooves and slides
fitting it to a suitable lantern. The upper part of the lamp consists of a metal
cap or cover, upon which is fixed a second metallic flue, capable of sliding up
and down within the flue e, so as to regulate the heat of the light.
The circulating apparatus, its head, and its lamp are enclosed in a cylindrical
or rectangular sheet-iron lantern, placed externally of the vehicle, either under
or in any other suitable position in connection with the vehicle. This lantern
is at its lower part perforated with holes, for the purpose of admitting the air
necessary for the combustion of the lamp.
I will now proceed to describe the different parts of my Invention as shewn
in the annexed Drawings, in which the same letters denote like parts where
they recur in both Figures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTS OF THE DRAWINGS.
a, a, is the metal box or vessel forming the foot-warmer containing the liquid
to be heated; b, metal tube receiving the cold water from the foot-warmer to
conduct it to the tube d; c, screw unions, which serve to join the tubes 6 and d;
d, metal tube conducting cold water from the foot-warmer a to the jacket e¹
of the apparatus; e, flue, enclosed with a double casing, heated by the action of
the lamp, and communicating with the head f of the apparatus by means of
two tubes h and h¹; e, jacket or space in which the water first circulates
in the heating apparatus; f, head or upper chamber of the apparatus, heated
directly by the action of the lamp, and in communication with the foot-warmer a
by means of a tube g and n; y, tube conducting the hot water from the
apparatus to the foot-warmer, which enters by means of another tube n; h and
h', small tubes connecting the double casing or jacket c¹ with the head f; i,
Jamp of the apparatus, supplied with double current of air; j, upper cover of
the lamp, and sliding in the double fluc e; k, external lantern, containing the
apparatus and its lamp; 7, pipe for the escape of steam in case of ebulition;
m, openings, provided with screw stoppers or plugs, for the admission of the
liquid in the foot-warmer a, a; n, tube conducting hot water from the tube g
into the foot-warmer a, a; o, junctions or unions for the tubes 9 and n.
I claim as my Invention, warming railway and other vehicles by means of

page_text: apparatus consisting of a case or vessel filled or partly filled with water or
other fluid, placed in communication with a circulating chamber combined
with and heated by a lamp or lamps, in which chamber a current of water or
fluid contained in the vessel circulates, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Armand Eugéne Preux, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
A. E. PREUX. (L.S.)