IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND IN THE CLOTH PRODUCED THEREBY.
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Williamson and Edward Williamson, both
of Hayfield, in the County of Derby, Manufacturers, and John
Charlesworth Shield, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, for
the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND IN THE CLOTH PRODUCED
THEREBY.
"
5
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Williamson,
Edward Williamson, and John Oharlesworth Shield at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st
August 1871.
We, JOHN WILLIAMSON and EDWARD WILLIAMSON, both of Hayfield,
in the County of Derby, Manufacturers, and JOHN CHARLESWORTH
SHIELD, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, do hereby declare the

page_text: nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKS AND IN THE
CLOTH PRODUCED THEREBY," to be as follows (that is to say) :—
The objects of this Invention are certain improvements applicable
to looms and the production of a novel description of cloth from various
materials and suitable for a variety of purposes.
The improved loom can be made by this Invention to weave cloth
with more than double the number of "picks" to the inch or other
space than if woven from a one-warp beam in the ordinary way. And
the cloth may also be made pliable, regular, and brilliant, and longer
warps used,
These improvements are accomplished by using two or more warps
wound on seperate beams brought together in the “heddles" and reed
to weave one piece of cloth.
t
In applying this improvement to say a loom of the ordinary con-
struction, the usual warp beam is weighted or otherwise fitted to give the 1
required tension to what may be called the foundation warp, which may
be of cotton or any other suitable material or combination of materials.
This warp is carried between a pair of parallel rollers, one or both of
which may be covered with india-rubber or other suitable material
or materials; the upper roller being made of iron or other weighty 2
substance, or is held down by weighted levers or springs, or in any
other convenient manner. The ends of the pressing roller are fitted
with toothed wheels which gear into toothed wheels on the ends of a
second set of rollers, through which the second or supplementary warp
passes. The wheels on the end of the first-described pressing roller 2
have a greater number of teeth than those on the second, which causes
the supplementary or second warp to be drawn off its beam more
quickly than the delivery of the first or foundation warp, consequently
a greater length of the second warp is consumed in the production of
the cloth, by which arrangement a variable quantity of the silk, linen, 8
mohair, alpaca, woollen, cotton, or other material or materials of which
the said second warp may be composed may be thrown up on the
surface of the woven cloth.
It will be readily seen that any required numbers of the supplementary
warps with their beams can be applied to the production of one piece 3
of cloth, and that by varying the wheels a great diversity of cloths can
be produced.

page_text: In place of toothed gear friction wheels or pulleys and bands or other
mechanical equivalent may be substituted therefore, so long as the
same is arranged to give the positive differential motions to the delivery
of the warps from their respective beams, as herein-before described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Williamson, Edward Williamson and John
Charlesworth Shield in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
February 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
WILLIAMSON and EDWARD WILLIAMSON, both of Hayfield, in the
County of Derby, Manufacturers, and JOHN CHARLESWORTH SHIELD,
of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said John Williamson, Edward Williamson,
and John Charlesworth Shield, Her special licence that we, the said
John Williamson, Edward Williamson, and John Charlesworth Shield,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said John Williamson, Edward Williamson, and John Charlesworth
Shield, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND IN THE CLOTH PRODUCED THEREBY," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Williamson, Edward
Williamson, and John Charlesworth Shield, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John' Williamson, Edward
Williamson, and John Charlesworth Shield, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described, and ascertained in and. by the
following statement :-
The objects of this our said Invention are certain improvements
applicable to looms and the production of a novel description of cloth
from various materials and suitable for a variety of purposes.
.
:
The improved loom can be made by this Invention to weave cloth
with more than double the number of "picks" to the inch or other 1
space than if woven from a one-warp beam in the ordinary way. And
the cloth may also be made pliable, regular, and brilliant, and longer
warps may be used.
These our improvements are accomplished by using two or more
warps wound on to seperate beams brought together in the "heddles" 16
and reed to weave one piece of cloth.
In applying this improvement to say a loom of the ordinary con-
struction the usual warp beam is weighted or otherwise fitted to give the
required tension to what may be called the foundation warp, which may
be of cotton or any other suitable material or combination of materials., 20
This warp is carried between a pair of parallel rollers, one or both of
which may be covered with india-rubber or other suitable material or
materials, the upper roller being made of iron or other weighty sub-
stance, or is held down by weighted levers or springs or in any other;
convenient manner. The ends of the pressing roller are fitted with 25
toothed wheels, which gear into toothed wheels on the ends of a second
set of rollers through which the second or supplementary warp passes.
The wheels on the end of the first-described pressing roller have a
greater number of teeth than those on the second, which causes the
supplementary or second warp to be drawn off its beam more quickly 30
than the delivery of the first or foundation warp, consequently a greater
length of the second warp is consumed in the production of the cloth,
by which arrangement a variable quantity of the silk, linen, mohair,
alpaca, woollen yarn, or other material or materials of which the said
second warp may be composed may be thrown up on the surface of the 35
woven cloth.

page_text: It will be readily seen that any required number of the supplementary
warps with their beams can be applied to the production of one piece of
cloth, and that by varying the wheels a great diversity of cloths can be
produced.
In place of toothed gear friction wheels or pulleys and bands or other
mechanical equivalent may be substituted therefore so long as the same
is arranged to give the positive deferential motions to the delivery of the
warps from their respective beams, as herein-before described.
That this our said Invention may be the more readily seen and under-
stood we have hereunto annexed Drawings of so much of a power loom
necessary to illustrate one modification of our improvements applied
thereto, showing two beams with their deferential drawing rollers and
change wheels, like letters marked thereon being used to denote similar
parts.
Figure 1 is a partial side elevation of a power loom constructed with
two warp beams; and Figure 2 is a partial back elevation of the same;
and Figure 3 shows an arrangement of the rollers for drawing the warps
off the beams, which are driven at varying deferential speeds to each
other, so that more warp shall be delivered from one beam than the
other.
A, stationary frame of the loom, for convenience shown broken off;
B, the lower warp beam; C, upper warp beam; E, drawing roll,
covered with india-rubber or other pliable elastic material; D, a metal
pressing roller, which rests on the top of the warp threads and keeps
them in contact with the roller E; F, second metal pressing roller,
which is similar to D; and G is a second drawing roller similar to E;
h, change wheel on the end of drawing roller E; i, change wheel on
the end of drawing roller G; j, an intermediate wheel working on an
adjustable stud. By this means it will be seen that by altering the
change wheels the amount of draw from the several beams may be
regulated at will according to the character of the cloth to be produced.
H is a weight suspended on the end of a friction cord or band shown
applied to the upper yarn beams. The operator having wound his
duplicate warps on the several beams, he then arranges his change
wheels according to the nature of the cloth wished to be produced,
giving a greater or less quantity of yarn from the top beam, and passing
his warps through his heddles and reed in the ordinary way; he then

page_text: simply requires to set the loom in motion, and thereby produces a novel.
and elegant description of cloth, which may be manufactured from one
description of yarn or from any number of kinds, say, woollen yarn on
one beam, cotton on the other, mohair, silk, alpaca, linen, or any other
description of yarn or yarns, according to the fancy of the designers.
It may be again hero remarked that any number of beams may be
used, cach carrying an independant warp brought into union at the
heddles and reed so as to form one common warp in the finished cloth,
and these several beams may each deliver their warps at varying speeds,
the slowest delivering warp consequently forming the foundation one,
which will be well understood by those acquainted with the art, to wit,.
if two or more warps delivered from independant or seperate beams
joined in the heddles and reeds are used to weave one piece of cloth a,
variable quantity of either or any of the warps of the second beams may
be thrown up on the surface of the cloth produced, and thereby we can
produce a cloth with a large number of "picks" in the given width
than those woven from a single beam, and by which we believe we are
enable to produce a cloth that will be more brilliant and striking in
effect, soft in texture, and durable in wear; and longer warps may be
used in the ordinary looms.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the best means we are acquainted with for the carrying
the same into practical effect, we wish it to be understood that we do
not confine ourselves to the number of warp beams or to the several
ratios of speed of delivery of the same, as it will be readily seen that
they are capable of being greatly varied, and which may be said to
constitute the essence of our Invention, whereby is or may be produced
a new and novel description of cloth in endless variety; but what wẹ
claim is,―
First. The use of two or more warp beams with their several drawing
rollers in combination with the ordinary hand power loom, operated
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before fully
described and set forth.
Secondly. The general arrangement and combination of two or more
warp beams delivering at deferential speeds in combination with an
ordinary power or hand loom operated substantially in the manner and
for the purposes herein-before fully described and set forth.

page_text: Lastly. The cloth having the particular warp or warp threads thrown
prominently on to the surface of the cloth as a new' manufacture,
produced substantially in the manner herein-before fully described and.
set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Williamson, and Edward
Williamson, and John Charlesworth Shield, have hereunto set
our hands and affixed our seals, this Twentieth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One, thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.
Witness,
JOHN
EDWARD
(L.s.) WILLIAMSON.
(L.s.) WILLIAMSON.
JOHN CHARLESWORTH (L.s.) SHIELD.
PHILIF ROCHE,
Secretary to William Walker,
44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
Witness,
PHILIF ROCHE,
Secretary to William Walker,
44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.