Improvements in and in connection with Pulp Strainers for Paper Making.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 13th June, 1893-Accepted, 15th July, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in connection with Pulp Strainers for
Paper Making.
We, THOMAS TORRANCE, of Bitton, and JAMES HENRY HOWELL of
104 Pembroke Road, Clifton, in the City of Bristol, both in the County of
Gloucester, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows: :-
The improvements constituting our invention, consists of a method of, and means
for, the more perfectly and effectually dealing with all kinds of pulp used in paper
making, after leaving the beaters, and before entering upon the paper making
machine, than has been attained by any of the methods and means hitherto
employed, at which period the said pulp has always to undergo a process of
straining for the purpose of removing therefrom what is known as "knots," or
such particles of foreign matter as would be objectionable or detrimental to the
desired texture and finish of the paper, and this has hitherto been only imperfectly
attained by the employment of agitated flat sieve like surfaces, over which the said
pulp has been caused to flow, and the slits or meshes formed in said sieves, and
through which the pulp in its approved condition was desired to pass, have
necessarily been of such infinitesimal dimensions, and the process of straining so
slow and irregular, that the more or less clogging or choking of said slits has
invariably resulted, and with a view to overcome this difficulty, means have been
resorted to for forming a vacuum beneath the said sieve like surface, in order that
the atmospheric pressure upon the upper surface of the pulp might push or force it
through, but by reason of consolidation or coagulation arising from the irregular or
intermittent passage through the said slits or meshes, the pulp, in this process
gathered upon the under edges of these orifices, until dislodged by gravity,
vibration or otherwise, which falling into the strained pulp would render this again
in a more or less unsatisfactory condition, and to overcome these difficulties and
objectionable results, is the object and purpose of our invention, which we attain
by providing in lieu of said sieve, a surface composed of a series of parallel rollers,
rods or bars, of various shapes and dimensions in cross section, which we cause to
rotate, oscillate, rise and fall or otherwise, (in some cases or where convenient
between stationery substances) so that the pulp when floated thereon, is thereby
kept in a continuous state of agitation, and by the employment of a novel adjusting
mechanism the space between the said rollers, or between the said rods or bars, or
between these and the stationery parts that accompany them, and through which
the pulp is allowed to pass if in a proper and workable condition, may be guaged
with the greatest precision, according to the width of the cut desired, while such
"knotty" or combined portions of the pulp as would not pass through said spaces
or divisions, would be conveyed by gravity or other means into suitable vessels or
channels, through which it would be caused to pass by pumping or otherwise, to be
again treated in a similar manner, (in some cases after passing through auxiliary
knotters) in combination with fresh pulp, and by these means
we obtain a
continuous unvarying delivery of the strained pulp without the slightest sign of
consolidation or coagulation, and choking or clogging of the straining medium or
waste of useable material becomes a matter of impossibility.
In carrying our invention into effect we mount upon a suitable metallic or other
frame, an indefinite number of more or less horizontal and preferably, plain faced
solid or hollow, parallel rollers, all of which may be rotated in the same direction,
or part in one direction and part in an opposite direction, by the employment of
suitable toothed or worm gearing or both, actuated by any convenient and available

page_text: 1
power, operating upon either or both ends of the said rollers. Each roller is pro-
vided with a pair of bearings, one at each end, that is to say, there are as many
bearings at each end of the said frame as there are rollers, and each series of
bearings are sleeved, or loosely borne upon a, horizontal transverse shaft or rod,
preferably, but not imperatively borne by the aforesaid frame. Each bearing is of
such a width, that when these are closed up together upon the said shaft, the rollers
would be in close and fluid tight touch with each other, from which they could not
be removed until a division be made between the said bearings. A suitable spring
or its equivalent would be provided at either or both ends of, each series of
bearings, the tension or tensions of which would operate in keeping the bearings
close together, in which position they may be locked if needed, by the employment
of any suitable means.
To obtain an equal division or space between each roller and its neighbour, a
like space must be made between each bearing and its neighbour, and in order that
the spaces between the rollers may be equal from end to end, both sets of bearings
must be spaced equally, and to attain this, simultaneously, we provide upon the
under surface or other convenient part of each bearing a lug or projection, and
between each pair of these we mount a toothed wheel or part of a toothed wheel,
all of which at each end of the machine are borne loosely upon a transverse shaft
or rod, parallel with the shaft or rod carrying the bearings. Upon one or both
sides of said wheels or part wheels, we form, or attach thereto, a circumferential
web, graduated in width from end to end, and the combined thickness of each wheel
or part wheel and the thinnest part of its web or webs must be such, that while
impinging upon the bearing lug on either side, the bearings are permitted to come
close together when desired, but if the said wheels or parts wheels be partly rotated
in such direction that a thicker part of said web or webs is brought between the
said lugs, the bearings, and consequently the rollers, would be divided or separated
a distance equal to the thickness of that part of the web or webs that had been
brought between the lugs, and the degree of space thus provided between the
rollers represents the straining capacity thereof, or the width of the cut desired.
In order that the whole of the said cogged wheels or part wheels at both ends of
the machine, may operate for spacing the rollers equally and simultaneously, we
mount upon the machine, (and may be upon the aforesaid frame,) at both ends, a
third transverse rod or shaft, upon which we mount, and key or other fix thereto,
a like number of pinions or small toothed wheels, the said shafts being pivottally
mounted in such a manner, that the said pinions may be placed in, and out of gear
with the aforesaid toothed wheels, or part wheels at will, so that the part rotation
of said shafts and pinions by any convenient means, would partly rotate the whole
of said wheels or part wheels simultaneously, and provision may be made by the
employment of suitable countershafting, or other convenient means, whereby both
pinion shafts could be rotated simultaneously, in order that the spacing of both sets
of bearings, and consequently both ends of the rollers, may be equal and also
simultaneous.
Or-we may in lieu of said shafts and pinions, employ the use of fluted rollers, the
flutings of which would gear with the said toothed wheels or part wheels and
operate thereon in a like manner.
At the front or initial end of said rollers, or that end upon which the pulp would
be first deposited (and which would be the highest end if the rollers were not truly
horizontal,) we provide a suitable vat or hopper, into which the pulp to be treated
would be placed, or fed thereinto by any convenient means, and in this we provide
one or more depending partial divisions, under which the pulp would pass and be
steadied thereby, so that this may make a smooth and even exit through a suitable
aperture in the front of said vat or hopper, onto a guide or shoot leading to the
aforesaid rotating rollers. The opposite or back end of each roller would be
reduced in diameter for a convenient portion of its length, so that a space or division
exists at this point between each roller and its neighbour when the remainder of
'the rollers are in touch with each other.

page_text: The pulp being deposited upon the aforesaid initial ends of the rollers, would be
carried therealong, and turned over and over by the rotary motion thereof, and
only such part of the pulp as was in a condition for use would pass down or fall
through the space provided between the rollers, and this would occur in an
unbroken continuous stream, which falling into a suitable shoot would be conveyed
and deposited where required, which may be directly to and upon the paper making
machine, while the knotty or unstrained portion of the pulp would pass along the
rollers and fall down through the larger space at the back end of the rollers into a
suitable shoot, by which it would be conveyed in a tangential direction into a
stationery, circular wooden or other vessel, having in its bottom a circular hole, to
which would be connected a tube leading therefrom to another vessel conveniently
situated. The said pulp entering the circular vessel in an oblique or tangential
direction, would form itself into a rotary or circular current, and the upper surface
of the bulk would assume a dishlike form, arising from the combined influence of
gravity, centripetal force, and the opening in the bottom of the vessel, through
which the heavier or knotty portion would pass, and be again treated by an
auxiliary knotter, or again passed through the beaters, or otherwise be dealt with,
while the lighter or more fluid portion would form the higher part of the surface of
the pulp, and pass out through an opening in the side of the vessel and be conveyed
by a suitable conductor to a rotary or other pump, by which it would be raised into
the aforesaid vat or hopper, and there mingling with the fresh pulp, would be
conveyed therewith over the rollers and be treated as hefore.
Or we may in lieu of said circular vessel employ a square or other shaped receiver
provided internally with baffle plates, under and over which the pulp would pass,
the heavier or knotty portion passing out through an opening in or near the bottom,
while the lighter would pass out through an opening in the upper portion and both
be treated as before stated.
As an alternative arrangement of the apparatus, we may dispense with the
rotation of the said rollers, and the mechanism employed for operating the same,
and lengthen the bearing ends of the rollers, so that these may extend through and
beyond the bearings, and upon each end of each of these we firmly attach an arm or
lever, depending therefrom, the lower or free ends of each set of which being
pivottally connected to a transverse rod or plate, either or both ends of which may
be connected to a suitable cam or the like, mounted upon a rotating spindle at either
or both sides of the machine, or any other suitable mechanism may be employed by
which a pendulum or swinging motion would be imparted to the said levers, by and
through which an oscillating or rocking motion would be given to the said rollers.
In this method, that part of each roller which would be uppermost, when the said
depending levers or arms were in a vertical position, would be flattened for the
whole of its length, and these by the agency of the oscillating or rocking motion
aforesaid, would impart constant agitation to the pulp thereon for the purposes
before stated, the operation of straining, adjusting and conveying being the same as
in the previous method.
Or as a further modification we may in lieu of said rotating or oscillating rollers,
arrange a series of parallel bars, plates or rods, which may be circular, rectangular,
polygonal or triangular in cross section, or any combination of these shapes,
the ends of which may be borne within vertical slots formed in the aforesaid
bearings. In this method the motion of the said bars, plates or rods would be
vertical, both ends rising and falling simultaneously, and we carry this into effect
by extending the ends of each bar or the like, through and beyond the slots in the
bearings, and pivottally connected thereto we provide depending arms or levers, the
lower ends of which may be connected to other arms or levers, or cams, or rotating
discs, or any other mechanical device by which an up and down motion may
be imparted to the aforesaid bars or rods, upon each side of which we may provide
a broad plate or division, placed edgewise, and of the same length as the rods or
bars, each end of said broad plates being rigidly attached to similar but preferably,
narrower bearings, capable of lateral adjustment by the same means as the remainder

page_text: of the bearings before described, and by which the space between the vertically
operated bars or rods, and the stationery plates would be adjusted, such space
forming the width of the cut or straining medium through which the approved pulp
would pass, as the bars or plates were raised and lowered, while the knotty or
unstrained pulp would pass along and fall through spaces at the back end as in the
previous methods.
When the bars, plates or rods employed are of triangular shape in cross section,
we may dispense with the aforesaid broad or division plates and their bearings, and
so arrange the said triangular bars that the base of one triangle may form a plate
for, and operate in like manner in conjunction with, the apex of the neighbouring bar
or rod, the straining space between which, would be adjusted by the same means as
that of the other methods herein described.
Dated this 15th day of December 1892.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in connection with Pulp Strainers for
Paper Making.
We, THOMAS TORRANCE of Bitton, and JAMES HENRY HOWELL, of
104, Pembroke Road, Clifton, in the City of Bristol, both in the County of
Gloucester Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
or
The improvements constituting our invention, consist of a method of, and means
for the more perfectly and effectually dealing with all kinds of pulp used in paper
making, after leaving the beaters, and before entering upon the paper making
machine, than has been attained by any of the methods and means hitherto
employed, at which period the said pulp has always to undergo a process of
straining for the purpose of removing therefrom, what is known as "knots
"hanks," or such particles of foreign matter as would be objectionable or
detrimental to the desired texture and finish of the paper, and this has hitherto
been only imperfectly attained by the employment of agitated flat sieve-like
surfaces over which the said pulp has been caused to flow, and the slits or meshes
formed in said sieves, and through which the pulp in its approved condition was
desired to pass, have necessarily been of such infinitesimal dimensions, and the
process of straining so slow and irregular, that the more or less clogging or choking
of said slits has invariably resulted, and with a view to overcome this and other
difficulties is the object and purpose of our invention, which we attain by the
employment of a surface composed of a series of parallel rollers, rods or bars, of
various shapes and dimensions in cross section, in lieu of the said sieves, and which
we cause to rotate, oscillate, rise and fall or otherwise, so that the pulp when floated
thereon, is thereby kept in a continuous state of agitation, and by the employment
of a novel adjusting mechanism, the space between said rollers, bars, or rods, or
between these and the stationery parts that in some cases accompany them, and
through which the pulp is allowed to pass if in a proper and workable condition,
may be guaged with the greatest precision, according to the width of the cut
desired, while such "kuotty or combined portions of the pulp as would not pass
through the said spaces or divisions, would be conveyed by gravity or other means
into suitable vessels or channels, through which it would be caused to pass by
pumping or otherwise, and be again treated in a similar manner, after passing
through, if necessary, auxiliary knotters, and by these means we obtain a continuous
unvarying delivery of the strained pulp without the slightest sign of consolidation
or coagulation, and choking or clogging of the straining medium, or waste of good
and usable material becomes a matter of impossibility.
"

page_text: In order that our invention and the manner of its operation may be clearly
understood, we have appended hereunto five sheets of drawings, throughout which
the same reference letters have been used when referring to the same, like or
equivalent parts.
Figs. 1 and 2 Sheet 1, are front elevation and plan respectively, of a complete
machine constructed according to our invention.
Fig. 3 Sheet 2 is a side elevation of the same machine, while Fig. 4 is a
vertical sectional elevation taken between the rollers at or about the centre of
Figs. 1 and 2.
Figs. 5 and 6 Sheet 3, are enlarged plan, and central vertical section respectively,
of the receiver or vortex chamber, shewn in position in Figs. 1, 3 and 4, and by
dotted outline in Fig. 2.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of one of the spacing or adjusting wheels,
provided with a graduated web, showing how said web engages with, and between
the lugs of the bearings, to be hereinafter fully explained.
Fig. 8 is a side elevation of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is an alternative method of constructing Fig. 7, and hereinafter spoken of
as a part. wheel, which also serves to show how the said wheels or part wheels gear
with pinion wheels upon the machine, as hereinafter described.
Figs. 10 and 11 Sheet 4 are side view and plan respectively, of one form of
oscillating rod or bar we may employ in lieu of the rotary rollers shewn in the
previous views.
Fig. 12 is a diagram of the mechanism we may employ for imparting an oscillatory
movement to Figs. 10 and 11.
Fig. 13 illustrates a rack and pinion motion, which we may employ in lieu of
Fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is a plan view of the rod or bar Figs. 10 and 11, as we prefer tɔ construct
it when used in connection with the motion Fig. 13.
Figs. 15 and 16 Sheet 5, are plan views of other methods of constructing the
said rods or bars, the smaller views to the left of which, are end views of the same,
respectively.
Fig. 17 is an end view of some of the bearings illustrating how these would be
arranged when either of the rods or bars Fig. 15 were employed, while Fig. 18
illustrates the same when Fig. 16 is the rod or bar used.
Fig. 19 is a vertical section of a bearing as we may construct them for use in
counection with Figs. 15 or 16, as shewn by Figs. 17 and 18.
Fig. 20 is a diagram of a motion we may employ for imparting a vertical longi-
tudinal oscillatory movement to the rods or bars Figs. 15 or 16.
Fig, 21 is a slight modification of Fig. 20 for imparting a vertical horizontal
movement to the same rods or bars.
In carrying our invention into effect we construct of any suitable metal or
material, cast or otherwise, a frame A, of any size, shape or contour according to
the capacity of the machine we are intending to build, upon which we mount any
desired number of more or less horizontal, solid or hollow, and, preferably, plain
faced parallel rollers B, which may be of any suitable metal or combination of
metals or metalloid, each of which would be provided with a pair of bearings C
and C¹, one at each end thereof, that is to say, there is at each end of the machine
a row of bearings corresponding in number to that of the rollers, and the two series
of bearings thus arranged are sleeved or loosely borne upon horizontal shafts or
rods D and D', preferably, borne by, and fixed to the frame A.
Each bearing
would be of such a width that when the series are closed up together upon their
respective shafts, the rollers B would be in close and fluid tight touch with each
other, the tension of a spring or springs a, or their equivalent operating to keep
them so closed until forcibly divided, and by reason of the centre or one of the
centre bearings of each series being a fixture (as at C" Fig. 1) such division must
necessarily be, in opposite directions therefrom, that is to say, half the series would
move to the left, and the other half to the right.

page_text: We do not confine ourselves to any particulars means of rotating the rollers B,
nor the direction thereof, but we prefer to rotate half of these in one direction, and
the other half opposite thereto, by the means of a two way worm E, driven by any
suitable and available power (which may be that of a neighbouring shaft connected
by a band to the pulley b) and borne by suitably arranged plummer blocks upon the
front of the machine A, or by any other suitable means, and so located, as to be
above and in gear with worm wheels F, keyed or otherwise fixed upon the projecting
spindle ends of the rollers B.
To obtain an equal division or space between each roller B, and its neighbour, a
like space must be made between each bearing and its neighbour, and in order that
the spaces between the rollers may be equal from end to end, both sets of bearings C
and C, must be spaced equally, and to attain this, we provide at the front end of
the machine a transverse shaft G, and at the back end a like shaft G¹, both of
which may be fixed to, and borne by the frame A, and upon these are loosely
mounted a series of wheels or part wheels H, capable of easily sliding therealong,
each of which is provided with external teeth c¹, and the said wheels or parts wheels
are arranged to gear with a like number of pinions c", of such a width, that the
teeth thereof exceed in breadth the teeth c¹ on H sufficient to permit the necessary
lateral movements of H without getting out of gear therewith. The said pinions
are, preferably, keyed or otherwise fixed upon shafts H' and Hone at each end of
the machine, and borne by the frame A, one end of each of which extends through A
and carries a wheel or handle H, by the means of which H' and H" and the
pinions thereon may be rotated.
Upon either or both sides of each wheel or part wheel H, we form or connect
thereto a web c, graduated in thickness from end to end, or from one half its
circumference to the other, and these are so arranged upon the wheels H, and the
wheels H upon their respective shafts, that the said webs occur between lugs Cu
upon the lower surfaces of the bearings C and C¹, and the thinnest portion of cin
combination with the thickness of the periphery of H must be such as to permit the
bearings to come close together when desired, but when the wheels H or their
equivalents are rotated, so that the thicker portion of c is brought between the
lugs C, the bearings, and consequently the rollers B, will be separated a distance
equal to the thickness of the web interposed, and as the bearings are so divided,
these, and the wheels H, would be slid along their respective shafts, against the
tension of the springs a, or their equivalents. Thus an equal division would be
made between each bearing and its neighbour, simultaneously, and as such division
would regulate the straining capacity or cut, an alteration therein would be needed,
only when a fresh kind of paper was to be made, and then, may be, only to 'a
very infinitesimal extent, therefore a whole wheel H may sometimes be dispensed
with, and a semicircular or half wheel used in place thereof, hence the term "part
wheel" previously used.
The construction of the wheels H, and their webs c, and the manner in which these
engage with the lugs C of the bearings, will be clearly understood by reference
to the enlarged views thereof Figs. 7 and 8, while. Fig. 9 will impart the same
information relative to the manner of constructing the said part or semi-circular or
half wheel, the latter fig. also serving to illustrate the gearing of H and c¹¹.
The rollers B may be perfectly horizontal, or slightly deviating therefrom, such
deviation determining the position of the vat or hopper, by which the pulp would
be deposited upon the rollers, but when these are perfectly horizontal, as we have
chosen to illustrate them in the drawings, we prefer to place the hopper I, centrally
of their length or thereabouts, in order that the pulp may flow therefrom to both
ends of the rollers, and into this the pulp to be strained would be placed, or fed
thereinto by any convenient means, and in said hopper or vat we may provide one
or more depending divisions, under which the pulp would pass, and be steadied
thereby, so that this may make a smooth and even exit therefrom, onto the
.rotating rollers, or in lieu of said division we prefer to form holes l' in the bottoni
of I for the same purpose, as shewn at Fig. 2 Sheet 1.

page_text: When the rollers B deviate from the horizontal the lower or back end of each,
and when placed truly horizontal both ends of each, would be reduced in diameter
for a certain portion of their lengths, as shewn by J, Fig. 2 Sheet 1, so that a
circular space is thereby formed between each roller and its neighbour. A like but
preferably smaller space J" may be formed in both ends of each roller as a drip.
to prevent the lubrication of the bearings from reaching or coming in contact with
the pulp.
The pulp to be strained having been placed in the hopper I, and deposited upon
the rollers B, would be carried therealong and turned over and over by the rotary
motion thereof, and only such part of the pulp as was in a condition for the use
required would fall through the parallel spaces between the rollers, and this would
occur in one unbroken continuous stream, and would be received into a suitable
receptacle K, shewn more particularly by the sectional view Fig. 4 Sheet 2, and
from this conveyed by gravity or otherwise, through the outlet K thereof (Figs. 1. 2
and 3) to where required, which may be directly to and upon the wet end of the
paper making machine, while the remainder of the pulp, too thick or "knotty" to
pass between the rollers, would be conveyed therealong and fall down through the
spaces Jat the ends thereof into troughs K" at each end of the machine, (shewn in
Fig. 2, and by dotted circles in Fig. 3, and more particularly in Fig. 4) from which
it would be conveyed by conduits K in a tangential direction into a suitably
situated stationary circular wooden or other vessel L, preferably, but not
imperatively located beneath the rollers B. The vessel L is particularly con-
structed for the purpose of dealing with the pulp in this condition, and will be
better understood by reference to the enlarged plan and section thereof Figs. 5
and 6, and by reason of the pulp entering L tangentially, a circular or rotary
current is formed thereby in the direction of the arrow Fig. 5, and the upper
surface of the bulk would assume a dishlike form as at Fig. 6, arising from the
combined influence of gravity, centripetal force, the dislike bottom L, and the
opening or outlet L", in the bottom of the vessel. Upon the inner surface of
the wall of L, and extending about half way therearound, we attach a graduated
channel M, and by reason of the vortex formed by the influences previously
mentioned, the heavier or knotty portion of said pulp would fall to the bottom of L₁
and pass out through L", and be suitably dealt with by an auxiliary knotter, while
the lighter or more fluid portion would be the upper or highest surface of the
vortex, and as this rose above the level of the lowest or wedge like end of M,
would pass thereover, and flowing around M, pass out at M", as shewn at Fig. 6, and
be conveyed therefrom to a suitable rotary or other pump. by which it would be
raised and again pass into the vat or hopper I, and there mingling with fresh pulp
would be conveyed therewith over the rollers again, to be treated as before.
Or in lieu of the vessel L, we may employ a square or other shaped receiver,
provided internally with baffle plates, under and over which the pulp would pass,
the heavier, knotty or banked portion passing out through an opening in or near
the bottom thereof, while the lighter portion would pass out through an opening
in the upper part, and both be treated as before stated.
In order that the flow of pulp from the hopper or vat I, may not at any time over-
flow the rollers B; we form the end bearings of each series capable of carrying an
auxiliary or jockey roller B₁ (Figs. 1. 2. 3 and 4) these being mounted immediately
over the outside rollers B, and a distance therefrom capable of allowing only an easy
flow of pulp to pass between them, and by the means of a worm wheel F', in gear
with the worm E, and mounted upon a short spindle, passing through the bearing,
and carrying upon its opposite end a pinion N, in gear with a like pinion N¹ on B¹,
the direction of rotation of B and B would be coincidental.
In Figs. 10 and 11 we illustrate a roller B, upon which a flat surface or
surfaces has or have been formed for the whole of its length. In the adaptation of
this form of roller, we dispense with the rotary mechanism in the previous method,
and mount the rollers B in the bearing C and C', in such a manner, as to permit
the attachment of a depending arm or levere either to the spindle end of B or to

page_text: the roller itself, so that e extends diametrically opposite to the flat surface of B
or the upper flat surface when two are used. We have chosen to illustrate the
latter method of attaching the lever arm e, and in Fig. 12 we show a method of
oscillating the rollers B, by pivotally connecting the free ends of the arm e to a
transverse rod or plate, one end of which is connected by a link or rod g, to a
rotating disc or cam h, mounted upon a horizontal shaft i, the rotation of which by
any suitable means, would impart a to and fro horizontal movement to f, and an
oscillatory or rocking movement to the rollers B by means of the connecting
levers e.
Or in lieu of said pendulums or levers e, we may mount upon the spindle
end of each roller B a pinion wheel k as at Fig. 14, and arrange these to gear
with a toothed rack l, to which a horizontal movement may be imparted by means
of the link g, and a like but smaller can or disc h', upon a shaft i as at Fig. 13, and
the extent of the oscillation of the rollers B will be easily understood from the
figures referred to. In these methods, with the exception that an oscillatory motion
is given instead of a rotary motion, the operation and manner of treating the pulp
is identically the same as in the previous method.
As a further modification of our invention, we illustrate in Figs. 15 and 16
Sheet 5, bars, plates or rods, in lieu of the rotary rollers B, or oscillating
rollers B, which may be circular, rectangular, triangular or polygonal in cross
section, or any combination of these shapes. In this method we form a slot in the
back of the bearings, which may be as at Fig. 19, and arrange the spindle ends of
said bars, plates or rods to engage therewith, substantially as therein shown.
Referring to Fig. 15, the bars or rods O, are mounted in the bearings as stated, and
between each bearing C and its neighbour we.place on edge one end of a division
plate m, preferably, but not imperatively borne upon the same spindle as C, and
these extend the whole length of O, the opposite ends engaging in like manner with,
and between the bearings C¹, and more laterally with C and C¹ as these are spaced
by the mechanism previously described; and which will be understood by reference
to the diagrammatic view Fig. 17. The whole series of rods or bars O, are
connected at each end by a transverse plate n, or its equivalent or in other words,
the spindles of pass through holes therein, so that an up and down movement
of n, would impart a like movement to all the bars O simultaneously. In this
method the movements of O are vertical, which may be by both ends rising and
falling simultaneously or alternately, as may be desired. To obtain the latter
movement we connect to the under surface of the front plates u, a depending rod p,
as at Fig. 19, and to the back plates u a like rod p', and these are connected to the
ends of a horizontal rod P, situated beneath the rods O, and pivotted upon the
frame of the machine at r. An arm connected to or formed integrally with
pivottally connected to one end of a link s, the opposite end being connected to an
eccentric or its equivalent s¹, mounted upon a rotating shaft. By this means
the rotation of would impart a rocking motion to P, and an up and down
motion to
and pl alternately, and consequently a like rocking motion to the
rods or bars O. This motion will be clearly understood by reference to Fig. 20
Sheet 5.
To obtain the former movement, so that both ends of rise and fall together,
we employ the motion shewn by Fig. 21. In this method we arrange two shafts s",
upon which we mount pulleys t, connected by a band t', and by mounting an
eccentric or its equivalent upon each shaft, and connecting these by vertical
rods w and wo to a horizontal rod P₁, to which the rods p and pl are connected,
both ends of O would rise and fall together. The rising and falling of O in either
of the manners stated, would cause the fine or usable pulp to be strained by
percolating between these and the stationary plates m, and the treatment of this
and the unstrained portion would be substantially the same as in the previous
methods.
In Fig. 16 we show bars, rods or plates R, of triangular shape in cross section,
which work together as shewn by the small end views of same, and these would he
arranged in such a manner that one would rise while the other fell, or one may be

page_text: stationary while those on each side may rise and fall, and so on, for the whole of
the series. In this method we dispense with the division plates m, the bars R being
so arranged, that the base of one triangle may form a plate for, and operate in like
manner in conjunction with, the apex of the neighbouring bar. The pulp straining
capacity or width of the cut is, in this method, regulated by the distance between
the apex of one triangle and the base of the next, between which the pulp would
percolate, as between 0 and m in the last named method. This will be fully
understood by reference to Fig. 18, and the treatment of the pulp after straining
would be the same as that already described.
The machine constructed in either of the manners herein set forth, can be more
readily and quickly cleaned, than any other machine hitherto made and used for a
like purpose, for the reason that clogging or coagulation of the pulp is not possible
in our machine, and all parts can be cleansed in a few moments, without the
necessity of stopping the paper making machine for a lengthy and often indefinite
period while this operation was performed, as in the methods and straining
mechanism hitherto employed, and to facilitate the said cleansing, and to further
guard against the possibility of coagulation or thickening of the pulp while upon
the rollers, rods or bars, we may employ any suitable form of sprinkler, placed in
any convenient position, for that purpose, or purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is.
1st. In an improved machine for effectually straining pulp for the manufacture of
paper, and abstracting therefrom all particles foreign thereto, the employment of
the mechanism herein described and shewn, and the several alternative methods
of constructing, adapting and manipulating the same, connected, combined and
operating in all or any of manners herein set forth, substantially as and for the
purposes stated and shewn by the accompanying drawings.
2nd. In an improved apparatus for straining paper pulp, the combination of a
frame A, bearing a pair of shafts D and D', carrying thereon any number of
sliding bearings C and C, supporting a like number of parallel solid or hollow
rollers B, each provided with a worm wheel F. The jockey rollers B', each
mounted over a roller B, and caused to rotate by the means of pinions N¹ thereon
gearing with pinions N, the spindles of which are each provided with a worm
wheel F, which, like F are rotated by a two way worm E, mounted upon A, and
driven by any suitable power, and by which the rollers B are rotated part in one
direction and part opposite thereto. The manner of adjusting the space between the
said rollers, and between the bearings C C¹ by the means of toothed wheels or part
wheels H, each provided with a graduated web or webs c¹, mounted sleevewise upon
spindles G and G', and in gear with, and rotated or partly rotated by pinions cl
mounted upon and keyed or otherwise fixed to shafts H and H', each provided with
a wheel or handle H, for rotating the same, by the means of which the periphery
of H and the web c¹ engage between the lugs C of C and C₁. The vat or
hopper I with holes I', or baffle plates as equivalents therefor, for regulating the
flow of pulp upon the rollers B. The receiver K for the strained pulp, and
troughs K for receiving the unstrained pulp, passing thereinto through spaces J
in B, and conveyed therefrom by conduits K, in a tangential direction into a
circular vessel L, with dishlike bottom L', by which, and natural laws a vortex is
formed, whereby the heavy or knotty pulp is conveyed away to auxiliary knotters
by a conduit L, the light or clear portion entering a trough M, and conveyed
therefrom by conduit M' to a suitable pump for future deposit in L, the whole
connected and operating substantially as and for the purposes herein described and
shewn by Figs. 1 to 9 of the appended drawings.
3rd. In combination with the machine set forth in the preceding claim, and in
substitution of the rollers B, and the mechanism for rotating the same, the
employment of rollers B as at Figs. 10 and 11, each provided with a depending
B

page_text: arm or lever e, pivotally connected to a horizontal rod f, attached by.a link 9, to a
rotating disc or cam 'and shaft i as at Fig. 12, or any other mechanical motion
by the means of which a rocking or oscillating movement may be imparted
to B, such for instance as a toothed rack / engaging with pinions k on Bas, at
Fig. 14, and operating as at Fig. 13, substantially as and for the purposes herein
stated.
4th. In combination with the machine set forth in the second claim hereof, and
in substitution of the rollers, B, and the mechanism for rotating the same, the
employment of rods or bars O, circular, rectangular or polygonal in cross section,
with intervening vertical stationary division plates m, alternating with the
bearings C and C', constructed as at Fig. 19, and moving laterally therewith
during the spacing thereof, and between which and O the strained pulp passes,
as O is moved vertically by the means of connecting plates .n, from which depend
rods p and p¹ connected to a rod P of a mechanical motion such as Fig. 20, in order
that the ends of O may rise and fall alternately, or to a rod P₁ of a mechanical
motion such as Fig. 21, in order that both ends of O may rise and fall simultaneously
substantially as herein described and shewn by Figs. 15, 17, 19, 20 and 21 of the
accompanying drawings.
5th. In combination with the machine set forth in the second claim hereof, and
in substitution of the rollers B and the mechanism for rotating the same, the
employment of rods or bars R, triangular in cross section, borne by bearings C
and constructed as at Fig. 19, provided with connecting plates u and depending
rods P and pl, and arranged relatively to each other as shewn by the end view of
Fig. 16, which may be that the first and alternate bars are stationary, while the
second and alternate bars may move vertically, or vice versa, or that both may rise
and fall alternately, and either horizontally by the motion Fig. 21, or oscillatory by
the motion Fig. 20, substantially as and for the purposes herein described and shewn
by Figs. 16, 18, 19, 20 and 21 of the drawings hereunto appended.
Dated this 13th day of June 1893.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicants.