IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS F OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thomas Cole, of No. 15, Wentworth
Road, Bow Road, in the County of Middlesex, Henry Spink Swift, of
6, Campbell Terrace, Hill Street, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, and
Augusto Soares, of 40, Seething Lane, in the City of London, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS F OBTAINING AND APPLYING
MOTIVE POWER TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thomas Cole,
Henry Spink Swift, and Augusto Soares at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 11th August 1865.
We, WILLIAM THOMAS COLE, of -15, Wentworth Road, Bow Road, in the
County of Middlesex, HENRY SPINK SWIFT, of 6, Campbell Terrace, Hill
Street, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, and AUGUSTO SOARES, of 40,
Seething Lane, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING
MOTIVE POWER TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES." to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel method of applying the motive power of
steam to the various useful purposes to which such power is or may be
applicable.
According to the ordinary method of using the force of steam the well-
known cylinder and piston are employed, the action being reciprocating and
being converted into rotary motion by the agency of the crank; but according
[Price 8d.]

page_text: tour Invention we dispense with both cylinder and piston, and obtain a
direct rotary motion from the power or pressure of steam.
We propose to set on suitable foundations and standards a hollow shaft in
communication with a boiler; this shaft is a fixture, but it is continued to a
fly-wheel by a second hollow shaft secured to the former one by means of a
steam-tight stuffing box. This second shaft, therefore, is capable of revolving
round the fixed shaft. Now at the extremity of the moving shaft we propose
to place a fly wheel, and to fix the same by keys and grooves; the spokes and
periphery of the fly wheel may be made hollow, or supplementary radial tubes
may be fixed to the wheel, such spokes or tubes being in continuation with
the shaft in order that the steam may traverse them. The spokes, tubes, or
periphery of the fly wheel are terminated by tubular outlets set at right
angles to the radii of the wheel. Each of these openings or outlets is pro-
vided with a throttle valve, consisting of iron plates and india-rubber in order
to throttle the exhaust ports and decrease the area of the escape of steam.
These valves are controlled by means of a hand lever in connection with a
sliding ring on the shaft, such ring pushing (nearer to or further from the fly
wheel) a second sliding ring held by clutches so as to turn with the shaft.
The latter ring is connected to toggled arms joined to the valves; it therefore
follows that as the ring is moved the toggle joints will compress or open the
valves as required. The fly wheel is to be enclosed in a cylindrical steam-
tight chamber, in connection with a condenser or steam pipe, and the steam
shaft and driving shaft are to pass through the chamber by means of stuffing
boxes. The steam issuing from the periphery of the fly wheel or from the
tubes causes a reaction upon the interior thereof, and thus a direct rotary
motion is effected from the fly wheel itself. thus expending the power at the
greatest leverage or furthest from the centre of the shaft, which is the centre
of motion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent. filed
by the said William Thomas Cole, Henry Spink Swift, and Augusto
..Soares in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th February 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
THOMAS COLE, of No. 15. Wentworth Road, Bow Road, in the County of
Middlesex, HENRY SPINK SWIFT, of 6, Campbell Terrace, Hill Street.
Peckham, in the County of Surrey, and AUGUSTO SOARES, of 40, Seething Lane,
in the City of London, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said William Thomas Cole, Henry Spink Swift, and Augusto Soares,
Her special licence that we, the said William Thomas Cole, Henry Spink
Swift, and Augusto Soares, our executors, administrators, and assigns or
such others as we, the said William Thomas Cole, Henry Spink Swift, and
Augusto Soares, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain,
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE FOWER TO
VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said William Thomas Cole, Henry Spink Swift, and Augusto Soares, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that we, the said Henry Spink Swift and Augusto
Soares, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the method of applying
motive power to various useful purposes, and is based upon the principle that
all--motion-is-the-result of unequal pressures, or, in other words, of unequal
resistance to pressure, and that an unequal resistance to internal pressure
creates an external motive power in a line with and opposite to the point of
least resistance. Now an internal or confined pressure may be produced or
created in various ways, for instance, by electricity, by the expansion of air,
by heat, by the combustion of gunpowder and other expansive bodies, by the
decomposition of acids and alkalies, by the explosion of mixed gases, and by
steam.
In the present Specification of the means of applying motive force, it is to
be considered that steam is employed as the element of internal pressure, and
therefore such steam must be caused to escape from the apparatus or engine

page_text: in a direction opposite to that in which the motion or propulsion is required.
The steam is conducted from a boiler through a pipe or pipes to be discharged
in the requisite direction, the pipe or pipes being furnished with a valve or
valves to be arranged one on the discharge end of each pipe to regulate the
size of the outlet, which must not be larger than two-thirds of the smallest
part of the pipe leading thereto, so that as much pressure may be created in
every part of the pipe as there is in the boiler, by which means when the
valve is open and discharging the steam the point of least resistance is
attained, and therefore the unequal pressure immediately acts on that part of
the pipe opposite the opening, and is equal to the area of the opening and the
pressure of steam in the boiler. For example, assuming the opening to have
an area of one square inch, and the pressure in the boiler to be 100 lbs. per
square inch, there would result a pressure of 100 lbs. on that part of the pipe
opposite the opening.
By this Invention it is intended to apply motive power obtained according
to the aforesaid principle to driving fixed machinery, to portable engines and
locomotives, to propelling vessels on the water, or to aerial navigation, to
propelling carriages on common roads, and to agricultural engines and
machinery, either as a power by itself or in conjunction with the ordinary
steam engine. In the latter case, after the steam has been used to drive the
piston by which the primary power is obtained, a second power is created of
not less than equal force by the same column of steam being conducted into a
channel of more direct action. Thus instead of discharging the steam in the
ordinary manner from the cylinders into the condensers or the open air, the
discharge must be so regulated and directed that a force shall be created
opposite the point of discharge equal to the area of the opening and the
pressure thereon; such force or power being given out in the opposite
direction of the required propulsion or motion. Moreover, the steam may be
discharged into a funnel or series of funnels in order to carry with it a suffi-
cient quantity of atmospheric air to act as a warm blast to the furnace, care
being taken to discharge the. steam and air in a line with but in the opposite
direction to the propulsion or motion required.
In the application of the principle to driving fixed machinery in shops and
factories, and for working agricultural implements and such other. fixed
machinery to which this Invention is or may be applied, the steam pipe must
be connected by means of a stuffing box or other moveable steam-tight joint
to the hollow axis of a fly wheel of proportionate size to the power required,
and supported in bearings or journals bolted to a foundation plate on masonry
or standards.
From the hollow axis of the fly wheel radiating tubes are con-

page_text: tinued so as to pass through the periphery of the wheel. Any suitable
number of radiating tubes may be supplied and made to communicate with
the steam chamber in the hollow axis, and the extremities of the tubes passing
through the periphery of the wheel are to be bent to a right angle, so that the
openings of the pipes shall discharge the steam in a line with but in an oppo-
site direction to the intended revolution of the wheel, and which said end or
ends are each to be fitted with a throttle valve to regulate the size of the dis-
charge opening and to be worked as herein-after shewn, or by other equivalent
means suitable for the purpose.
The radial discharging steam pipes must be of proportional diameter to the
main steam pipe. By this arrangement a fly wheel is made to revolve at a
higher rate of speed than can be attained by the same quantity of steam used
in the ordinary steam engine. In no case, however, must the orifice of the
discharge pipes be more than two-thirds the size of the smallest part of the
pipe leading thereto.
In applying this principle to the propulsion of ships or vessels when only
one boiler is used, it should be placed as near midships as possible: from
which boiler four steam pipes should be conducted downwards from the
interior of the steam chest through the water in the boiler, and emerge one
from each side or end of the boiler nearest the side of the vessel and point
towards the head, and one from each side or end of the boiler nearest the side of
the vessel pointing towards the stern; the ends of each of the four steam pipes
projecting from the boiler are to be fitted with two valves; the valves on the
ends of each of the two steam pipes on the starboard side to be connected two
and two together, each with the other corresponding, one pointing head and
stern by means of a rod and lever, or other suitable machinery for that
purpose, so that one action shall open or close one pair of valves, and that one
action shall also open one and close the other of the other pair of valves. A
similar arrangement and action must-be applied to the four valves on the port
or left-hand side of the vessel. In like manner a series of boilers may be
placed on each side of the vessel from stem to stern, each boiler having two
steam pipes arranged as aforesaid, and emerging head and stern: each steam
pipe to be fitted with two valves, and to be connected each with the other as
aforesaid, and to be actuated in the same manner. Each separate action on
either side of the vessel should be connected, by which means one motion will
steer. back astern, or turn her as upon a centre, or stop her. The steam may
be discharged into condensers or otherwise disposed of.
In the application of this Invention to propulsion on railways and ordinary
roads, we recommend that the carriage; boiler, and machinery thereto attached

page_text: should all be made of as light a weight as may be consistent with the
necessary strength and security, the power of propulsion not being dependent
upon the friction or grip of the wheels for a fulcrum. The boiler should be
furnished with two or more cylinders and discharge pipes, each set to be
placed one at the back and the other at the front of the boiler; each of the
cylinders and discharge pipes being supplied with steam by a separate steam
pipe from the interior of the boiler, and each steam pipe being fitted with a
valve to regulate the supply of steam: Each cylinder to be fitted with a valve
to be made to flash open and close alternately from either end of the boiler
according to the required direction of progress. The 'valves on the cylinder
to be actuated by suitable machinery, and to be worked by the engineer to
overcome the vis inertiae. After which the continuous pressure from the dis-
charging steam through the steam pipes will be found sufficient to continue
the momentum...The escaping steam may be discharged into condensers or
otherwise disposed of.
In order to render the principle of our Invention and its various modifi-
cations more completely understood, we annex a Sheet of Drawings, in which
Fig. is an example of a stationary steam engine constructed on our
principle; Fig. 2 being a section of an ordinary cylinder, piston rod, and
valves.
A is the steam pipe from the boiler; B, B, the stuffing box connecting the
hollow shaft of fly wheel to steam pipe; C, a hand lever with ring attached
fitted with friction wheels; E, E, a ring revolving with shaft attached to levers;
F, F, F, levers for regulating throttle valves; G, solid shaft beyond steam
wheel, with rigger or drum H, H, carrying driving band. In Fig. 3 is a
front view of the wheel; I, I, I, I, steam armatures attached to hollow
axle of wheel, and passing through the periphery of wheel; J, throttle valves
for regulating the steam supply.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we claim as our Invention the application
of the principle of unequal resistance to internal pressure, so as to create
external motion or. power applicable to various useful purposes, such as the
propulsion of ships or vessels, to aerial navigation, to stationary engines and
locomotives, or to carriages on common roads, to the driving of fixed machinery
or agricultural implements either as a power by itself or in conjunction with
an ordinary steam engine or other known motive power. We do not limit
ourselves to the examples described and shewn, as they may obviously be
varied or modified without departing from the principles of the Invention.
We not only claim the general arrangement and combination of parts herein

page_text: expressed and shewn, but any others substantially to all intents and purposes
the same thereto, whereby motive power may be obtained and applied by the
application of the principle first herein stated.
In witness whereof, we, the said Henry Spink Swift and Augusto Soares,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighth day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
HENRY SPINK SWIFT (ra)
Witness,
M. ROZAS,
40, Seething Lane.
AUGUSTO SOARES.
(L.S.)

page_text: A. Steam Pipe from Boiler
B.B. Stuffing Boxx, connecting hollow Shaft of Fly W
C.A hand Lever with ring attached, fitted with Fric
E.E.Ring revolving with Shaft attached to Levers.
FEE Levers, for regulating Throttle valves.
G. Solid Shaft beyond Steam Wheel.
H.H. Rigger or Dram, carrying Driving Band.
IIII. Steam Armatures attached to holiow axle of
J. Throttle valves for regulating the Steam Supply: