Year: 1896

page_text: I, HENRY NIELD BICKERTON, of 6 Richmond Street, Ashton-under-Lyne, Gas
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to oil engines wherein the charge is fired direct from
the vapouriser, and have for object the more effective and economical development
of power therein.
To accomplish this and to effect my improvements, I form, by preference, the
rear end of the cylinder somewhat conical or taper in its internal configuration, and
with air inlet and exhaust openings into such rear end, each opening being provided
with a suitable valve. At the back of the cylinder I provide a vapouriser,
preferably formed of a projecting tube or chamber which is made to return upon
itself, although other forms may be employed. The communication between this
vapouriser and the cylinder is provided with a valve, and another valve is placed at
the entrance to the vapouriser for the supply of oil for explosive purposes.
The cycle of operations is as follows:-
On the first outward stroke of the piston, after exhaust, the air valve is opened,
also the communicating valve of the vapouriser, together with the oil feed supply
valve, while the exhaust is closed. By this means, oil vapour and air are drawn
into the cylinder, the vapouriser having been made previously hot for the
purpose. On the inward stroke following this, the communicating valve, the air
valve,xhaust and oil feed valves are all closed, whereupon the contents of the
cylinderre put under compression, and made ready for explosion. At the right
moment fo this, the communicating valve is again opened leaving the oil feed
valve, the air valve and exhaust valve closed, when a portion of the compressed
vapour enters the hot vapouriser and explosion results, and the consequent
expansion makes the second outward stroke of the piston. On the second inward
stroke the exhaust valve is opened, the products of combustion are discharged, and
the cycle may then be repeated ad libitum.
I prefer to so construct the projecting vapouriser that the same may, after being
once heated, be covered or jacketed to keep in the heat, and also so that the oil
feed valve and communicating valve may be actuated from one cam motion, and
may be water jacketed; but these are not essentials.
Other variations in detail may be made, such as in the design and arrangement
of the various parts, the character of the valves, and the mechanisms for actuating
the same, without departing from the peculiar character of the invention; which
mainly consists in the combination of the various valves described with a
vapouriser which directly fires the charge, and under the cycle of operations
beforementioned.
Dated this 13th day of April 1896
WILLIAM GADD, C.E.,
64 Barton Arcade, Manchester, Agent.

page_text: Improvements in Oil Engines.
I, HENRY NIELD BICKERTON, of 6 Richmond Street, Ashton-under-Lyne, Gas
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The improvements relate to oil engines wherein the charge is fired direct from
the vaporiser, and have for object the more effective and economical development
of power therein.
I
To accomplish this and to effect my improvements, I form, by preference, the
rear end of the cylinder somewhat conical or taper in its internal configuration, and
with air inlet and exhaust openings into such rear end, each opening being provided
with a suitable valve. At the back of the cylinder I provide a vaporiser, preferably
formed of a projecting tube or chamber which is made to return upon itself,
although other forms may be employed. The communication between this
vaporiser and the cylinder is provided with a valve, and another valve is placed at
the entrance to the vaporiser for the supply of oil for explosive purposes.
The cycle of operations is as follows:-
On the first outward stroke of the piston, after exhaust, the air valve is opened,
also the communicating valve of the vaporiser, together with the oil feed supply
valve, while the exhaust is closed. By this means, oil vapour and air are drawn
into the cylinder, the vaporiser having been inade previously hot for the purpose..
On the inward stroke following this, the communicating valve, the air valve,
exhaust and oil feed valves are all closed, whereupon the contents of the cylinder
are put under compression, and made ready for explosion.
At the right moment for this, the communicating valve is again opened leaving
the oil feed valve, the air valve and exhaust valve closed, when a portion of the
compressed vapour enters the hot vaporiser and explosion results, and the consequent
'expansion makes the second outward stroke of the piston. On the second inward
stroke the exhaust valve is opened, the products of combustion are discharged, and
the cycle may then be repeated ad libitum.
But that the improvements may be better understood, I will, with the aid of the
accompanying drawings, proceed moré fully to describe means employed by me...
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of the combustion end of an oil engine cylinder,
and Fig. 2 is a sectional plan thereof, arranged in accordance with one form of my
invention.
The same letters indicate corresponding parts wherever they occur.
a is a portion of the cylinder proper, which may be water jacketed as shown, or
not, as desired, and which is fitted with the air valve b and exhaust valve c.
d is a projecting vaporiser which may be filled with discs of porcelain or metal to
increase the heating surface the supply of oil to which is regulated by the tap or
supply valve e. The oil along with such air as is found necessary, is allowed to
enter the passage or chamber f of the vaporiser, by the valve g, and is converted
into vapour by means of the heat supplied to the vaporiser. for this purpose; and
such vapour is enabled to enter the engine cylinder by means of the communicating
valve h.
.
On the first outward stroke of the p
e piston the air valve b is opened, also the
communicating valve h together with the oil inlet valve g, while the exhaust valve

page_text: converted into vapour, and the charge in this form is drawn into the engine cylinder
behind the piston; at the same time the supply of air for combustion is also drawn
in at the open valve b.
On the inward stroke following this, or preferably just before compression takes
place, the communicating valve h is closed together with, or at about the same time
as the closing of the air valve b, the exhaust valve c, and oil inlet valve g, whereupon
the contents of the engine cylinder are compressed ready for explosion. At the
right moment for this explosion, the communicating valve h is again opened, leaving
the oil inlet valve, air valve, and exhaust valve closed, when a portion of the
compressed vapour enters the hot vaporiser, and explosion results, and the
consequent expansion makes the second outward stroke of the piston.
On the second inward stroke, the exhaust valve c is opened, the products of
combustion are discharged, and the cycle may then be repeated.
The communicating valve h as well as the other valves shown and described are
actuated by levers and cams on the side shaft of the engine in the ordinary or
other manner, and so arranged that when the speed of the engine exceeds the
normal the governor causes such communicating valve h to remain closed during
the outward or suction stroke of the piston, and thus prevents the admission of oil
vapour during that stroke; or the oil inlet valve g, or both, may be kept closed for
this same purpose.
The vaporiser d may be covered or jacketed in any suitable manner to keep in
the heat imparted to it, such and other details being omitted in the drawings for the
sake of clearness; and the oil inlet valve and communicating valve may also be
water jacketed if desired, and likewise may be actuated from one cam motion.
Other variations in detail may be made, such as in the design and arrangement
of the various parts, the character of the valves, and the mechanisms for actuating
the same, without departing from the peculiar character of the invention, which
mainly consists in the combination of the various valves described with a
vaporiser which directly fires the charge, and under the cycle of operations
beforementioned.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In an oil engine arranged to fire the charge directly from a vaporiser, and fitted
with air and exhaust valves, as b and c, the combination therewith of a vaporiser d,
an oil supply, an oil inlet valve g, and a communicating valve h, arranged for the
purpose and in manner substantially as herein shown and described.
Dated this 11th day of January 1897
WILLIAM GADD, C.E.,
64 Barton Arcade, Manchester, Agent.