AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS, APPLICABLE FOR USE ALSO AS A CONDENSER, COOLER, OR REFRIGERATOR
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Franklin Hocking, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING
WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS, APPLICABLE FOR USE ALSO AS A CONDENSER,
COOLER, OR REFRIGERATOR."
Sealed the 21st August 1877, and dated the 12th March 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Franklin Hocking at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th March 1877.
FRANKLIN HOCKING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS, APPLICABLE FOR USE ALSO
AS A CONDENSER, COOLER, OR REFRIGERATOR."
My Invention relates to a novel form of apparatus for heating water and other
liquids, particularly when such water is used for baths, for beating conservatories,
greenhouses, dwelling houses, and other similar purposes, and especially where gas
is employed as a heating agent.
My Invention is applicable for heating other liquids than water, and also to be
heated by other agents than gas, such as charcoal, coal.
My Invention is also applicable as a condenser for condensing steam or gas, also
as a cooler or refrigerator for breweries and other similar purposes.
My Invention consists of a series of concentric vertical annular spaces, being water
spaces, and (for heating purposes) heating spaces alternately. The spaces may be
composed of suitable metal concentric tubes, the water spaces being closed at the
top and bottom, and the alternating heating spaces being left open. The water
spaces are connected at the top by means of a passage or pipe common to all, which
extends across the series of water spaces, and is divided in the centre by a diaphragm.
One end or portion of the pipe or passage becomes the water inlet, and the other
the water outlet. On the inlet side, where the inlet pipo or passage communicates
or joins the water spaces, each annular space is provided with an internal tube or
passage extending nearly to the bottom of such water spaces. In the case of the
outlet pipe the communication between the pipe and the water spaces is merely by
means of a hole or port at the top of such spaces.

page_text: In lieu of the inlet water entering the apparatus at the top, and being led to the
bottom of the water spaces by internal pipes, it will be evident that such inlet water
may be fed into the water spaces at the bottom of such spaces, and the internal
pipes dispensed with.
Tho annular heating surface just described, or what may be termed the boiler, is
mounted on a stand or tray, which in the case of gas heating is provided with
atmospheric or other suitable burners. In the case of coal or charcoal heating, a
suitable fire-grate is substituted for the gas burners and tray. The top of the
boiler is provided with a bonnet fitted with a chimney, if required.
:
The heating action is -The heating agent (such as coal gas) being ignited acts
upon the heating surfaces formed by the sides of the concentric annular water spaces
(being the heating spaces alternating with such water spaces). The inlet water
from a cistern or otherwise is fed into the water spaces by the internal pipes or
passages, and the outlet water, being the heated water, is led off from the top of the
water spaces, thereby perfect circulation ensues.
In the case of baths the inlet water may come from the bath itself or otherwise,
and the outlet water feed into the bath, or the burner, tray, or fire-place may be
entirely closed in, and provided with an air pipe, and the whole apparatus then
immersed in the water of the bath, the inlet pipe feeding from the bottom of the
bath, and outlet pipe discharging at a higher level.
For heating conservatories, greenhouses, dwelling houses, churches, and other
like purposes, the inlet and outlet pipes communicate with suitable ranges of piping,
through which the hot water circulates.
In the case of applying my Invention as a condenser, cold water is caused to
circulate by being passed through the annular water spaces, the steam to be con-
densed passing through the intermediate spaces, before described as heating spaces,
or the action may be reversed.
In the case of applying my Invention as a cooler or refrigerator, the liquor to be
cooled is caused to pass through the annular spaces, herein-before described as
heating spaces, but in this case used as cooling spaces, the cooling or refrigerating
being effected by forcing cold water or air through the annular spaces herein-before
described as water spaces, or the action may be reversed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Franklin Hocking in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th September
1877.
FRANKLIN HOCKING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS, APPLICABLE FOR USE ALSO
AS A CONDENSER, COOLER, OR REFRIGERATOR."
My Invention relates to a novel form of apparatus for heating water and other
liquids, particularly when such water is used for baths, for heating conservatories,
greenhouses, dwelling houses, and other similar purposes, and especially where gas
is employed as the heating agent.
My Invention is applicable for heating other liquids than water, and also to bo
heated by other agents than gas, such as charcoal, coal, oil, or spirit lamps.
My Invention is also applicable as a condenser for condensing steam or gas, also
as a cooler or refrigerator for breweries and other similar purposes.
My Invention consists of a series of concentric vertical annular spaces, being
water spaces, and (for heating purposes) heating spaces alternately. The spaces
may be composed of suitable metal concentric tubes, the water spaces being closed
at the top and bottom, and the alternating beating spaces being left open.
water spaces are connected at the top by means of a passage or pipe common to all,
which extends across the series of water spaces, and is divided in the centre by a
The

page_text: diaphragm. One end or portion of the pipe or passage becomes the water inlet, and
the other the water outlet. On the inlet side, where the inlet pipe or passage com-
municates or joins the water spaces, each annular space is provided with an internal
tube or passage extending nearly to the bottom of such water spaces.
In the case
of the outlet pipe the communication between the pipe and the water spaces is
merely by means of a hole or port at the top of such spaces.
In lieu of the inlet water entering the apparatus at the top, and being led to the
bottom of the water spaces by internal pipes, it will be evident that such inlet
water may be fed into the water spaces at the bottom of such spaces, and the
internal pipes dispensed with.
The annular heating apparatus just described, or what may be termed the boiler,
is mounted on a stand or tray, which in the case of gas heating is provided with
atmospheric or other suitable burners. in the case of heating by oil or spirit with
suitable lamps. In the case of coal or charcoal heating a suitable fire-grate is sub-
stituted for the gas burners and tray. The top of the boiler is provided with a
bonnet fitted with a chimney if required.
The heating action is:-The heating agent, such as coal gas, being ignited, acts
upon the heating surfaces formed by the sides of the concentric annular spaces
(being the heating spaces alternating with such water spaces). The inlet water
from a cistern or otherwise is fed into the water spaces by the internal pipes or
passages, and the outlet water, being the heated water, is led off from the top of
the water spaces, thereby perfect circulation ensues.
In the case of baths the inlet water may come from the bath itself, or otherwise,
and the outlet water feed into the bath, or the burner, tray, or fire-place may be
entirely closed in, and provided with an air pipe, and the whole apparatus then
immersed in the water of the bath, the inlet pipe feeding from the bottom of the
bath, and the outlet pipe discharging at a higher level.
For heating conservatories, greenhouses, dwelling houses, churches, and other like
purposes, the inlet and outlot pipes communicate with suitable ranges of piping,
through which the hot water circulates.
In the case of applying my Invention as a condenser, cold water is caused to
circulate by being passed through the annular water spaces, the steam to be con-
densed passing through the intermediate spaces, before described as heating spaces,
or the action may be reversed.
In the case of applying my Invention as a cooler or refrigerator, the liquor to be
cooled is caused to pass through the annular spaces, herein-before described as
heating spaces, but in this case used as cooling spaces, the cooling or refrigerating
being effected by forcing cold water or air through the annular spaces herein-before
described as water spaces, or the action may be reversed..
That my Invention may be clearly understood I have hereunto annexed four
Sheets of Drawings illustrative thereof, marked with letters and figures of reference
corresponding with those in the following explanation.
In all the Figures the same letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding
parts :-
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of an apparatus for heating water and other
liquids, particularly when such water is used for baths, for heating conservatories,
greenhouses, dwelling houses, and other similar purposes, and especially where gas,
or an oil or spirit lamp is employed as the heating agent.
Figure 2 is a section through S, T, Figure 1; Figure 3 is an outside elevation of
Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a plan of Figure 3, showing gas burner.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of a condenser, cooler, or refrigerator constructed
according to my Invention, which may also be used as a feed water heater for
steam boilers.
Figure 6 is a section through U, V, Figure 5.
sila alavation of

page_text: Figure 9 is a sectional elevation of my Invention as applied to a water heater or
boiler, more particularly where steam is generated.
Figure 10 is a half section at X, and a half section at Y, Figure 9.
Figure 11 is an outside elevation of Figure 9.
Figure 12 is a plan of Figure 11.
Figures 3, 14, 15, and 16 illustrate a modified arrangement of condenser according
to my Invention.
Figures 17, 18, 19, and 20 illustrate a modified arrangement of refrigerator
according to my Invention.
Figures 21, 22, and 23 illustrate modified arrangements of end connections of a
refrigerator constructed according to my Invention.
b
The
Upon reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 it will be seen that my Invention consists
of a series of concentric tapered vertical annular spaces composed of concentric tubes,
the spaces a being the water spaces, and the spaces being the heating spaces.
water spaces a are closed at the top and bottom, except where they join the supply
pipe cand the discharge pipe d. The connection of the supply and discharge pipes
and dis illustrated in plan at Figure 2. The heating spaces are open at the
bottom to the heating chamber e, and at the top to the bonnet or cover. The
bonnet or cover f may be provided with a chimney, or perforated for ventilation, if
necessary. is a concentric ring, being a gas burner (see Figures 1 and 4), but an
atmospheric, Bunsen, or other burner may be applied if desired, or an oil or spirit
lamp.
In the case of using the arrangement of water heater shown at Figures 1 to 4 for
heating the water of baths the pipes c and d are respectively connected to the bath,
so that the bath water will circulate through the pipes c, the annular water spaces a,
and the pipe d, until the water in the bath is heated, the heat being supplied by gas
burner such as h, or by an oil or spirit lamp.
C
For heating conservatories, greenhouses, the rooms of dwelling houses, shops,
offices, churches, and for other like purposes, the pipes c and d are respectively con-
nected to a suitable range of piping, through which the water when heated
circulates.
Upon reference to Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8, which illustrate my Invention as a con-
denser arranged for the condensation of steam from an engine (which may also be
used for obtaining fresh water from salt water, or as a cooler). In this case the
steam is led through the branch into the chamber i, from whence it passes through
the annular spaces into the chamber j. The steam is condensed during its passage
through the annular spaces by cold water, which is caused to circulate through
the annular spaces a, the supply being through the pipe c, and the discharge through
the pipes d, or vice versa. The condensed steam, as water, is drawn off from the
chamber through the branch L.
For cleaning purposes a condenser constructed as at Figures 5 to 8 is very con-
venient of access, inasmuch as the joint being broken at the top, flange m, and the
pipe c¹ unscrewed, the whole interior arrangement can be withdrawn and cleaned.
It will be evident that my Invention, as herein-before described, can be varied in
detail.
Such a variation as applied to a water heater or boiler is illustrated from Figures
9 to 12. a are the annular water spaces; b, the heating spaces. The heating spaces
are connected to the bonnet, cover, or uptake by the pipes b. The water supply
pipe c is in connection with a return pipe d' from the branch d, so that a constant
circulation is insured. are the furnace bars, which are substituted for the gas burner,
shown at Figures 1 to 4, and are suitable for burning wood, coal, charcoal, or
coke.
Figures 13 to 16 illustrate a modification of my Invention applied to condensers,
particularly adapted for obtaining fresh water from salt water. The steam generated
from the salt water is led through the branch into the chamber i, from whence it
passes through the screwed pipes into the annular spaces 6, and into the chamber j
through the pipes j'. The cold water for condensing is supplied through the branch c

page_text: to the annular spaces a, and is discharged through the branch d. The condensed
fresh water is drawn off from the chamber j through the branch 7.
Upon reference to Figures 17, 18, 19, and 20, which illustrate a modification of
my Invention as applied to a refrigerator, the liquor to be refrigerated is passed
through the branch into the chamber i, and through the pipes into the annular
spaces, and is discharged through the pipes into the chamber j and through the
branch. The cooling liquor may be fed through the branch d, through the annular
spaces a, and discharged through the branch c, or the action may be reversed, the
liquor to be cooled being fed through the annular spaces a, and the cooling liquid
being fed through annular spaces b. The flanges m, m³, are provided with hinged
screwed clamps n, so that the end covers can be removed, and the interior with-
drawn for cleaning purposes, the joint being made with india-rubber or like material,
as shown in the Drawings.
Figures 21, 22, and 23 illustrate modified arrangements of end connections of an
apparatus constructed according to my Invention. These will be understood upon
reference to the Drawings.
In Figure 21 the connecting pipes between the annular spaces and the supply and
discharge are shown flexible.
In Figure 22 the connecting pipes are shown with stuffing boxes. Figure 22 also
illustrates a system of cross baffle plates or strips p, r, which are placed crossway in
the annular spaces a and b for the purpose of agitating the water in its passage
through the spaces.
In Figure 23 the annular spaces a are supplied through the passage u, and the
annular spaces through the pipes j', as will be understood upon reference.
I would have it understood that the annular spaces of apparatus constructed
according to my Invention may be tapered or parallel, and may be vertical or
horizontal.
Having now fully described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may
be used or practically carried into effect, and shown how the same may be varied
without departing from my Invention, what I claim as my Invention and secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,
First. The construction of an apparatus for heating water and other liquids, con-
sisting of an arrangement of tapered annular spaces, such as a, in combination with
an arrangement of annular spaces, such as b, such spaces being respectively heating
spaces and water spaces, the water spaces being connected with a supply and discharge
pipe, and the heating spaces being open to a heating medium, such as gas burners
or a fire-grate, and a bonnet, cover, or chimney, substantially as herein described, or
set forth, and shown in Figures, 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the Drawing hereto
annexed, or any modification thereof.
Second. The construction of a condenser, cooler, or refrigerator, consisting of an
arrangement of annular spaces, such as a, in combination with an arrangement of
annular spaces such as b, such annular spaces being respectively (in the case of a
condenser) steam spaces and water spaces, the water spaces being connected with a
suitable supply and discharge, and the steam spaces being open to the steam supply
and to a condensed steam chamber. In the case of a cooler or refrigerator, the
annular spaces being respectively filled with the liquor to be cooled and with the
cooling liquid, substantially as herein described or set forth and shown in Figures 5
6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 of the Drawings hereto annexed,
or any modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Franklin Hocking, have hereunto set my hand
and scal, this Fifth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
FRANKLIN (L.S.) HOCKING.

page_text: 46
In the latter of Letters Patent granted to Franklin Hocking of Liverpool
in the County of Lancaster for the Invention of AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS APPLICABLE FOR
USE ALSO AS A CONDENSER, COOLER OR REFRIGERATOR bearing date the
12th March 1877 N° 983.
"
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be filed by
Franklin Hocking and Co. Limited assignees of the above mentioned Patent
in the Great Seal Patent Office with the Specification to which the same relates
according to the Statute in that case made and provided.
WHEREAS Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Letters Patent
under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland bearing
date the twelfth day of March 1877 N°. 983 did for Herself Her heirs and
successors give and grant unto the said Franklin Hocking his executors adminis-
trators and assigns the sole privilege of making using exercising and vending
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the Channel Islands and
the Isle of Man the said Invention for the term of fourteen years from the date
of the said Letters Patent. And whereas in pursuance of a proviso in the said
Letters Patent contained the said Franklin Hocking duly filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office a Specification of said Invention And whereas by Indenture bearing
date the thirteenth day of July 1880 and made or expressed to be made between
the said Franklin Hocking of the first part Richard Holdsworth of the second
part and the said Franklin Hocking and Company Limited of the third part For
the considerations therein expressed the said Letters Patent and the Invention
rights privileges profits and premises therein comprised or thereby granted were
wholly and absolutely assigned unto the said Franklin Hocking and Company
Limited their successors and assigns which assignment was duly registered in the
Great Seal Patent Office And whereas since the date of the said Indenture we
IDine 411

page_text: the said Franklin Hocking and Company Limited have been advised that a wide
construction may be put upon the claim of invention as made in the said Specifi-
cation so as to make it comprise more than the grantee of the said Patent was
entitled to claim and that part of the said Invention is not of sufficient commercial
importance to make it desirable to retain a claim for the same
"
NOW KNOW YE that we the said Franklin Hocking and Company Limited
by and with the leave of Her Majesty's Attorney General and for the reasons
aforesaid Do bereby alter the said Specification by inserting after the words
"without departing from my invention on page
5 line 31 of the Queen's Printer's
Copy of the said Specification the words following "it is to be noted that no claim
" is made herein generally to the use of annular condensers coolers or refrigerators
consisting of a series of concentric tubes being in the case of condensers alternate
"steam and water spaces and in the case of coolers or refrigerators being alter-
nately spaces for the liquor to be cooled and the cooling liquid but only to such
"condensers coolers and refrigerators as are constructed and arranged substantially as
herein before described and" and we strike out the first claiming clause on the said
page 5 beginning with the word "First" in line 33 and ending with "thereof" in
line 40. And we strike out from the second claiming clause on the said page 5
the word "second" in line 41 and all the words from the word "such " in line 43
to the word "liquid" in line 48
"
"f
And in order that the effect of the said alterations may be fully understood
we proceed to set out the said Specification as it will read with our Disclaimer and
Memorandum of alterations inserted therein.
"
"
My invention relates to a novel forin of apparatus for heating water and other
liquids, particularly when such water is used for baths, for heating conservatories,
greenhouses dwelling-houses and other similar purposes, and especially where gas
"is employed as the heating agent.
"
"
My invention is applicable for heating other liquids than water and also
"to be heated by other agents than gas such as charcoal, coal, oil, or spirit lamps.
My invention is also applicable as a condenser for condensing steam or gas,
" also as a cooler or refrigerator for breweries and other similar purposes.
"
"
"
<6
My invention consists of a series of concentric vertical annular spaces, being
"water spaces, and (for heating purposes) heating spaces alternately, The spaces
may be composed of suitable metal concentric tubes the water spaces being closed
at the top and bottom, and the alternating beating spaces being left open. The
"water spaces are connected at the top by means of a passage or pipe common
"to all, which extends across the series of water spaces, and is divided in the
"centre by a diaphragm-One end or portion of the pipe or passage becomes the
"water inlet and the other the water outlet-On the inlet side where the inlet
pipe or passage communicates or joins the water spaces, each annular space is
provided with an internal tube or passage extending nearly to the bottom of
such water spaces.
In the case of the outlet pipe the communication between
the pipe and the water spaces is merely by means of a hole or port at the top
of such spaces.
"
"
"I
"
"
"In lieu of the inlet water entering the apparatus at the top, and being led to
"the bottom of the water spaces by internal pipes, it will be evident that such
inlet water may be fed into the water spaces at the bottom of such spaces, and
the internal pipes dispensed with
"4
<4
"
"The annular heating apparatus just described, or what may be termed the
boiler is mounted on a stand or tray, which in the case of gas heating is provided
"with atmospheric or other suitable burners. In the case of heating by oil or
spirit with suitable lamps. In the case of coal or charcoal heating a suitable
"fire grate is substituted for the gas burners and tray. The top of the boiler is
provided with a bonnet fitted with a chimney if required
"
$s
"
"t
The heating action is :-The heating agent, such as coal gas, being ignited acts
upon the heating surfaces formed by the sides of the concentric annular spaces

page_text: (being the heating spaces alternating with such water spaces). The inlet water
"from a cistern or otherwise is fed into the water spaces by the internal pipes or
passages and the outlet water, being the heated water, is led off from the top
"of the water spaces, thereby perfect circulation ensues.
1
"
.
"In the case of baths the inlet water may come from the bath itself, or otherwise,
"and the outlet water feed into the bath, or the burner tray or fire place may be
entirely closed in, and provided with an air pipe, and the whole apparatus then
"immersed in the water of the bath, the inlet pipe feeding from the bottom of the
"bath and the outlet pipe discharging at a higher level.
"
For heating conservatories greenhouses, dwelling houses, churches and other
"like purposes the inlet and outlet pipes communicate with suitable ranges of
piping through which the hot water circulates
12
"In the case of applying my invention as a condenser cold water is caused to
"circulate by being passed through the annular water spaces, the steam to be
" condensed passing through the intermediate spaces, before described as heating
spaces or the action may be reversed.
er
€1
"In the case of applying my invention as a cooler or refrigerator the liquor to
"be cooled is caused to pass through the annular spaces, hereinbefore described as
heating spaces, but in this case used as cooling spaces, the cooling or refrigerating
being effected by forcing cold water or air through the annular spaces herein-
"before described as water spaces, or the action may be reversed
"
"That my invention may be clearly understood I have hereunto annexed four
sheets of drawings illustrative thereof marked with letters and figures' of "
"reference corresponding with those in the following explanation.
<<
16
"In all the figures the same letters of reference indicate the same or
corresponding parts:-
"
Figure I. is a sectional elevation of an apparatus for heating water and other
liquids particularly when such water is used for baths, for heating conservatories,
greenhouses dwellinghouses, and other similar purposes, and especially - where
gas or an oil or spirit lamp is employed as the heating agent.
"Figure 2 is a section through S. T. figure I:-Figure 3 is an outside elevation
"of Figure 1.
"
Figure 4 is a plan of figure 3 showing gas burner.
"
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of a condenser, cooler or refrigerator con-
"structed according to my invention, which may also be used as a feed water
"heater for steam boilers
Figure 6 is a section through U. V. Figure 5.
Figure 7 is an outside elevation of Figure 5.
"Figure 8 is a plan of Figure 7.
24
..
Figure 9 is a sectional elevation of my invention as applied to a water heater
"or boiler more particularly where steam is generated.
14
1
"
Figure 10 is a balf section at X and a half section at Y Figure 9.
"
Figure 11 is an outside elevation of Figure 9.
"
Figure 12 is a plan of Figure 11.
"
"
"
Figures 13. 14. 15. and 16 illustrate a modified-arrangement of condenser
according to my invention
*
Figures 17. 18. 19 and 20 illustrate a modified arrangement of refrigerator
according to my invention.
"
Figures 21. 22 and 23 illustrate modified arrangements of end connections of a
constructed
refrigerator, according to my invention.
"
Upon reference to Figures 1. 2. 3. and 4 it will be seen that my invention
"consists of a series of concentric tapered vertical annular spaces composed of
" concentric tubes the spaces a being the water spaces and the spaces-b being the.
heating spaces. The water spaces a are closed at the top and bottom, except
where they join the supply pipe c and the discharge pipe d-The connection of
the supply and discharge pipes c and d is illustrated in plan at Figure 2 The

page_text: "
.heating spaces b are open at the bottom to the heating chamber e and at the top
"to the bonnet or cover f-the bonnet or cover fmay be provided with a chimney,
"
or perforated for ventilation, if necessary:-h is a concentric ring being a gas
"burner (see figures 1 and 4) but an atmospheric, Bunsen or other burner may be
applied if desired or an oil or spirit lamp.
"In the case of using the arrangement of water heater shewn at figures 1. to 4
for heating the water of baths, the pipes c and d are respectively connected to
"the bath so that the bath water will circulate through the pipes c the annular
"water spaces a and the pipe d until the water in the bath is heated, the heat
being supplied by gas burner such as h or by an oil or spirit lamp.
"For heating conservatories, greenhouses the rooms of dwellinghouses shops,
"offices churches, and for other like purposes the pipes c and d are respectively
"connected to a suitable range of piping through which the water when heated
" circulates
.4
"
Upon reference to Figures 5. 6. 7 and 8. which illustrate my Invention as a
" condenser arranged for the condensation of steam from an engine (which may
"also be used for obtaining fresh water from salt water, or, as a cooler) In this
case the steam is led through the branch into the chamber i from whence it
passes through the annular spaces b into the chamber; The steam is condensed
during its passage through the annular spaces b by cold water which is caused to
"circulate through the annular spaces a the supply being through the pipe c and
"the discharge through the pipes d or vice versa. The condensed steam, as water
" is drawn off from the chamber; through the branch l.
.<
"For cleaning purposes a condenser constructed as at Figures 5 to 8 is very con-
"venient of access, inasmuch as the joint being broken at the top, flange m, and the
pipe c' unscrewed the whole interior arrangement can be withdrawn and cleaned.
"It will be evident that my invention as herein before described can be varied
." in detail.
<
."
"Such a variation as applied to a water heater or boiler is illustrated from
Figures 9 to 12-a, are the annular water spaces, 6 the heating spaces. The
heating spaces b are connected to the bonnet cover or uptake by the pipes b'.
"The water supply pipe c is in connection with a return pipe d' from the branch d
so that a constant circulation is insured. h are the furnace bars which are
"substituted for the gas burner shown at Figures 1 to 4 and are suitable for
burning wood coal charcoal or coke.
"
"
.66
"
"
Figures 13 to 16 illustrate a modification of my invention applied to condensers
particularly adapted for obtaining fresh water from salt water. The steam
generated from the salt water is led through the branch into the chamber i
"from whence it passes through the screwed pipes i. into the annular spaces b and
"into the chamber j through the pipes The cold water for condensing is
supplied through the branch c to the annular spaces a and is discharged through
"the branch -The condensed fresh water is drawn off from the chamber j
through the branch
"
4
"
E
"
"
"
Upon reference to Figures 17. 18. 19 and 20 which illustrate a modification
of my invention as applied to a refrigerator, the liquor to be refrigerated is
passed through the branch & into the chamber i and through the pipes ' into
the annular spaces b and is discharged through the pipes into the chamber j
and through the branch L. The cooling liquor may be fed through the branch d
through the annular spaces a and discharged through the branch c, or the action
may be reversed the liquor to be cooled being fed through the annular spaces a
" and the cooling liquid being fed through annular spaces b-The flanges m m',
are provided with hinged screwed clamps n. so that the end covers can be
removed and the interior withdrawn for cleaning purposes, the joint being made
"with india rubber or like material, as shown in the drawings.
."
"
"
Figures 21. 22 and 23 illustrate modified arrangements of end connections of
an apparatus constructed according to my invention. These will be understood
upon reference to the drawings.

page_text: "In figure 21 the connecting pipes between the annular spaces and the supply
"and discharge are shewn flexible.
"In Figure 22 the connecting pipes are shown with stuffing boxes-Figure 22
"also illustrates a system of cross baffle plates or strips pr which are placed cross
way in the annular spaces a and b for the purpose of agitating the water in its
passage through the spaces.
"In Figure 23. the annular spaces a are supplied through the passage u and
"the annular spaces b through the pipes j' as will be understood upon reference.
"I would have it understood that the annular spaces of apparatus constructed
according to my invention may be tapered or parallel and may be vertical or
"horizontal
"
<<
<<
"
Having now fully described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said invention, and the system mode or manner in or under which the same is or
may be used or practically carried into effect and shewn how the same may be
"varied without departing from my invention it is to be noted that no claim is
"made herein generally to the use of annular condensers coolers or refrigerators
consisting of a series of concentric tubes, being in the case of condensers alternate
"steam and water spaces, and in the case of coolers or refrigerators being
alternately spaces for the liquor to be cooled and the cooling liquid, but only to
"such condensers coolers and refrigerators as are constructed and arranged
substantially as herein before described ;-and what I claim as my invention and
"secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is.―
[t
46
"
"The construction of a condenser cooler or Refrigerator, consisting of an
arrangement of annular spaces such as a in combination with an arrangement of
"annular spaces such as b, substantially as herein described or set forth and shown
"in Figures 5. 6. 7. 8. 13. 14 15. 16 17. 18. 19. 20 21, 22, and 23 of the Drawings
"hereto annexed or any modification thereof."
In witness whereof we the said Franklin Hocking and Company Limited
have hereunto set our Common Seal the First day of August in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
COMMISSIoners of fatents for inventions,
I hereby grant my Fiat giving leave to the above named Franklin Hocking
and Company Limited, as Assignees of the said Letters Patent, to file in the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions, with the Specification to which
the same relates, the above written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
Dated this 6th day of August 1883.
HENRY JAMES
Attorney General.