IMPROVED MEANS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING CLOSE CARRIAGES AND BOAT SALOONS
Year: 1870

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Henri. Adrien Bonneville, of the British and
Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire
of France, and 10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS
FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING CLOSE CARRIAGES AND BOAT SALOONS."-A
communication from Pierre Grandjean; residing at Rue Reaumur,
39, in Paris, aforesaid.
-
.
Sealed the 8th July 1870, and dated the 14th January 1870.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Adrien Benneville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 14th January 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
> C.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18,
Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 10, Sackville
Stréet, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS 1 am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING CLOSE CARRIAGES AND BOAT SALOONS," a com-
munication to me from Pierre Grandjean, a person resident at Rue
Reaumur, 39, in Paris, aforesaid, Mechanic, and have petitioned Her
Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and made solemn Declaration
that it is a communication.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Heuri. Adrien Bonneville do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, reference being
had to the accompanying Drawings and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say —
The Invention communicated to me relates to an apparatus combined
with its accessory parts and applicable to all sorts of travelling vehicles,
especially railway carriages and boat saloons, for the purpose of pro-
ducing warmth in winter and ventilation in summer. This apparatus
consists of a reservoir or receptacle of any capacity necessary according
to the application to be made, said reservoir being divided into any
number of compartments, in which are placed sponges imbibed with
essence of petroleum, mineral essence, or any other carburet of hydrogen
of a volatile nature. In the middle of these compartments spaces are
left s so as to introduce wicks which should touch the bottom of the
receptacle, the number of the same being as large or as limited as desired.
The upper part of the wicks enter burners placed at the top of the
reservoir. When these burners are lit they constitute a regular stove
by means of which the warming of the carriage or saloon is effected.
In order to prevent the carbureted fluid from becoming warm the
reservoir is crossed vertically by pipes in which passes up and down a
current of the exterior air. This reservoir or stove is moveable and
may be replaced by another one prepared beforehand when the car-
bureted liquid is consumed. It is placed in a draw or case fixed like
all the accessory parts to the planks forming the floor of the carriage
or saloon. Above this case are arranged pipes in any desirable number
and of any diameter, whose orifices end at one extremity in an air
chamber communicating with the exterior air by openings made in the
direction in which the carriage or boat is travelling, and at the other
extremity in a main pipe in communication with several other branch

page_text: pipes terminating by air holes or by apparatus in the shape of foot
stoves arranged in different parts of the carriage or saloon. The ex-
terior air is warmed when crossing the pipes over the burners and
The
spreads itself in the carriage or saloon, which is thus warmed.
produce of the combustion escapes by pipes whose upper ends are
made so as to be able to turn them always in the direction contrary
to that in which the train or boat is travelling. The air in excess for
the combustion escapes by orifices made in the upper part of the sides
of the case or draw. The same apparatus serves to ventilate the carriage
or saloon in summer, when the stove is abandonned or not used, the
pipes in this instance serving as a passage for the currents of exterior
air which are dispersed through the carriage or saloon by the air holes
or foot stoves, which are thus transformed into ventilating apparatus.
Having thus briefly described the said Invention I will now proceed
to describe the same more fully, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the figures and letters marked thereon, in which
Drawings the application of the Invention is made to a railway
carriage.
Fig. 1 is an elevation parallel with the width of the carriage of the
apparatus; Fig. 2, a vertical section of the same by d, d', Figs. 4 and 5;
Fig. 3, a plan or top view; Fig. 4, an elevation parallel with the length
of the carriage of the same; Fig. 5, another vertical section by c, c¹, Figs. 1
and 2; Fig. 6, an underneath view; Fig. 7, a plan or top view of the
reservoir and of the smoke consumers; Fig. 8, a plan or top view of the
same without the smoke consumers; Fig. 9, a side view in elevation of
the smoke consumers; Fig. 10, front view, seen in elevation, of the
apparatus fitted in the carriage; Fig. 11, a foot stove, seen on a level with
the floor, the apparatus and air pipes being placed underneath; Fig..12,
a front view of the foot stove; Fig. 13, a plan; and Fig. 14, an end view
of the same; Fig. 15, a plan of an air hole; Fig. 16, a section of the same
by e, e', Fig. 15; Fig. 17, a plan or underneath view of the escape warm
air cock; Fig. 18, view of an air hole modified; Fig. 19, view in elevation
on a larger scale of the outer end of the chimneys. In all these Figures
similar letters indicate corresponding parts.
A represents the two chimneys projecting from the top of the carriage
in front and behind. The upper ends of the said chimneys are
arranged, as shewn in Fig. 19, so as to turn on the roof of the carriage
according to the direction in which the train is travelling. C, the

page_text: fastenings of the draw or slide of the reservoir to the carriage; D, are
the entrances placed on each side of the apparatus for the entrance of the
cold air; these two entrances are so arranged that in whatever direction
the train may be travelling one of the two presents itself with the
concavity foremost in such a way that the air may enter therein with a
certain pressure, they are covered with network to prevent rubbish from
entering. E is a glass opening on hinges covered by wire gauze so as
to light the apparatus, and it also permits of the verification of the
operation of the apparatus; F, holes pierced under the draw G, in which
is placed the reservoir, I, said holes allowing the air to pass which is
necessary for the combustion, which air passes through the pipes H
and keeps the essence in the sponge y in the reservoir I cool; J is a
little register for shutting or partially shutting the openings D; K, a
hook to keep said register in place; L, a chain and pulley for working
the same; M, orifices for the discharge of the warm air through the air
holes or into the foot stoves by means of pipes properly arranged, and
covered with felt combined with rubber or with any other suitable
material for preventing the dispersion of the caloric; N is the handle
of the draw G; O, the heating pipes, of which the number and the
diameter are variable, and in which penetrates the cold air through
the openings D; P is a small perforated plate fitted in the air chamber
to disperse the current of air and spread it more equally in the pipes O;
Q, the burners; R, little rings or washers of copper or iron which surround
the flame of the burners Q, and produce a current of air which burns
the smoke completely; S, a screwed joint between which are pressed
pieces of india-rubber and cork c, c, which prevent the metal and essence
from warming; T is a small concave plate fixed to the perforated
plate V placed between the reservoir and the smoke consumers, said
plate T serving to operate the division of the air arriving from the
pipes H after having traversed the perforated plate V covered with
wire gauze b, and in front of a passage in the smoke consumers R; h,
holes in the sides and top of the draw G for the escape of air in excess;
Z is the funnel employed for introducing the essence into the reservoir; a,
supports on the reservoir for the smoke consumers; d, the wicks; e, wire
gauze placed in the interior of the reservoir I to hold the sponge and
to let the wick go to the bottom of the reservoir; f, steel springs to
maintain the reservoir; g, handles for taking away the same; i, holes in
the plate V of the smoke consumers R for the passage of the burners
and for the necessary air for the combustion; j, arrow, indicates the way

page_text: the train is travelling; j¹, arrow, indicates the entrance for the air into
the apparatus; k, arrow, indicates the current of the gases which escape
from the combustion. By doing away with or not using the stove it
is evident this apparatus can be used in summer for ventilating, as has
been already stated.
Having thus described the said Invention and the manner of perform-
ing the same, I would have it understood I do not confine myself to the
precise details herein indicated and represented in the Drawings, as
these may obviously be modified without departing from the principle
of the said Invention, but what I claim and desire to secure by the
said Letters Patent is, an apparatus for warming in winter, and ven-
tilating in summer, carriages and saloons, substantially as has been
described and shewn in the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
H. BONNEVILLE. (L.S.)