Improvements in or applicable to the Heating of Railway Carriages.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Dec., 1394
Complete Specification ! eft, 6th Sept., 1995-Accepted, 23rd Nov., 1995
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to the Heating of Railway Carriages.
I WILLIAM ALLMAN of Unity Tube Works, Icknield Square, Birmingham,
Tube Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My said invention has for its object an improved system and means for heating a
train of carriages, its characteristic feature being the use of low pressure owing to
the absence of steam pressure in the apparatus whereby the dangers and inconveniences
such as risk of explosions from high pressure and of overheating from high
temperature are obviated. The various elements may also be made lighter and
cheaper and the facility with which all joints may be made and kept tight is
increased.
According to my said invention I provide in the carriages to be heated suitable
pipes vessels or other radiators through which a current of heated water is caused
to pass. The radiators of each vehicle are connected with the next by suitable
At
connections or couplings so that a continuous flow and return circuit is formed.
a convenient place on or near the engine I provide a water cistern with which the
said circuit is so connected as to always keep the pipes and radiators full of water
when in action. A steam jet apparatus is used in combination with the flow pipes
in such a way that the steam is injected and an outflowing current of water is
produced which is at the same time heated by the steam. As this warm outflowing
current advances it gradually displaces the water already in the radiators and
causes it to return through the return pipes. As the water gradually gets hotter
the current producing capacity of the steam jet diminishes until a certain point is
reached when the current automatically ceases to flow and thus no overheating can
take place or dangerous pressure arise.
Suitable valves under the ready control of the attendants of the train are
provided for regulating or stopping the flow of the current.
In some cases I provide byc passes for allowing the current to flow past any one
or more of the vehicles in the train without heating it or for cutting a portion of
the radiators in any vehicle out of the current.
Dated 5th day of December 1894.
E. T. WHITELOW, A.M. Inst. C.E.,
70 Deansgate, Manchester, Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to the Heating of Railway Carriages.
I WILLIAM ALLMAN of Unity Tube Works, Icknield Square, Birmingham,
Tube Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be perforined to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My said invention has for its object an improved system and means for heating &
train of railway carriages.

page_text: Fig. 3 is an elevation of part of a locomotive engine and tender showing how the
circulation is effected.
Figs. 4 5 and 6 are drawings of the joints I use to connect the pipes of adjacent
carriages.
I provide in the carriages suitable pipes vessels or other radiators through which
a current of heated water is caused to pass.
In Fig. 2 two kinds of pipes or radiators are shown. In some cases I use simple
longitudinal pipes A and B which are respectively flow and return pipes. In
other cases I use the system of pipes and radiators A B indicated by dotted lines.
A and B respectively represent flow and return. The radiators are placed under
the seats and are connected by pipes as shown in Fig. 2 in such a manner as that
the radiators of the flow and return alternate with each other. The direction
of the current is indicated by arrows.
The pipes of the adjacent vehicles are connected by the device shown in
Figs. 45 and 6. C C¹ are the terminals of flexible pipes attached to the pipes in
the carriages. Secured to one of the flexible terminals is one half D of a coupling
having 2 projections D' D². The other half E of the coupling has a hole E¹
formed in the projecting rim E2 which extends part way round the face of the
part E. Hinged to the upper part of E is a tongue E3 having a hole E. To
connect the parts D and E the projection D2 is inserted in the hole E¹ and the
tongue E is turned down so as to cause the projection D₁ to enter the hole E.
The hole E or the tongue D' or hoth have taper or curved engaging surfaces so
that on putting some pressure on the tongue E3 when elusing the joint the two
parts of the coupling are wedged together. Facings E of rubber or the like
Clastic material are provided for ensuring a water tight contact between the two
halves of the coupling.
At a convenient place on or near the engine (Fig. 3) I provide a water cistern
(or the usual water supply cistern on the tender may be utilisual). A steam jet
apparatus or injector the steam pipe J' of which takes steam from the boiler is
connected with the flow pipe A. The steam jet apparatus tikes its water from the
cistern or tender into which the return pipe B empties itself.
On steam being admitted to the jet apparatus d an outflowing current of water
is produced which is at the same time heated by the steam. As this warm out-
flowing current advances it gradually displaces the water already in the radiators
and causes it to return through the return pipes.
The efficiency of such a method is greatest when the water is coldest while as
the water gradually gets hotter the current producing capacity of the steam jet
diminishes until a certain point is reached when the current automatically ceases to
flow. Thus no overheating or dangerous pressure can arise.
Suitable valves such as J' under the ready control of the attendants of the train
are provided for regulating or stopping the flow of the current. In some cases
I use ordinary multiple way or bye pass valves with suitable connecting pipes in
order that the current may when desired be conducted past any one or more

page_text: vehicles or compartments without heating them or for cutting a portion of the
radiators of any vehicle out of the current.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.-
1. The herein before described low pressure system of heating vehicles sub-
stantially as set forth.
2. The combination with a system of circulating pipes or radiators of a steam
jet or injector apparatus for producing a current of heated water and a water
cistern substantially as set forth and shown.
3. In a water circulating apparatus for heating vehicles the system of pipes and
alternating flow and return radiators substantially as set forth and described with
reference to Fig. 2.
4. In combination with the herein before described apparatus for heating vehicles
the coupling for water circulating pipes substantially as described with reference
to Figs. 4 5 and 6.
Dated this 5th day of Cantombar 1005
E. T. WHITELOW, A.M. Inst. C.E.,
70 Deansgate, Manchester, Agent for the Applicant.