A NEW SYSTEM OF CAST-IRON CART WHEELS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Baptiste Joseph de Buyer, of Rupt, near Scey-
sur-Saône, of the Department of the Haute Saone in the Empire of
France, for the Invention of "A NEW SYSTEM OF CAST-IRON CART
WHEELS."
Sealed the 1st November 1860, and dated the 9th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Baptiste Joseph de
Buyer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th May 1860.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH DE BUYER, of Rupt, near Scey-sur-Saône, of the
Department of the Haute Saone, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW SYSTEM OF CAST-IRON CART
WHEELS," to be as follows:-
I propose making my improved wheels of cast iron, and in one piece, the
tire being nearly flat, or more or less rounded, according to the nature of
the ground over which the cart is generally to travel. In the interior of the
nave I propose to form a groove, which besides having the effect of lessening
the weight of the wheel, serves to receive and retain fatty matters, and may
be looked upon as a grease box. The nave is formed to admit a wooden axle,
the advantages of which are that it is more easily repaired or replaced than
an iron one, and costs less. The several forms of wheel shewn in the accom-

page_text: panying Drawing, while retaining all the strength and solidity necessary to a
cart wheel, bring the cast-iron wheel down to the weight of a wooden one.
In making my improved wheel the best cast iron should be used, and the
casting be effected with care, no special process is, however, required, although
the use of a cast-iron model will be found advantageous.
In the Drawing A, A, A, shew front views of wheels; B, B, B, side views
in section; C, nave; D, groove or notch in the nave; E, half flat tire; F, half
rounded tire; and G, rounded tire.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Baptiste Joseph de Buyer in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
BAPTISTE JOSEPH DE BUYER, of Rupt, near Scey-sur-Saône, of the Department
of the Haute Saône, in the Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Eerself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Jean Baptiste Joseph de Buyer, Her special licence that I, the said Jean
Baptiste Joseph de Buyer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Jean Baptiste Joseph de Buyer, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "A NEW SYSTEM OF CAST-IRON CART WHEELS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others), that I, the said Jean Baptiste Joseph de Buyer, my
executors and administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Baptiste Joseph de Buyer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by

page_text: the following statement, reference being had to the annexed Sheet of Drawings,
and to the figures marked thereon.
My improved wheels are of cast iron and in one piece; the nave is so made
as to receive a wooden or a metal axle at will, and the spokes are placed at
such distance apart that the wheel while possessing all the necessary solidity,
shall not be of any great weight. The felly or outer circle of the wheel which
may be termed the tire is more or less flat or rounded, according to the nature
of the soil over which the wheel is to travel, so that no matter what sort of
ground the wheel, whether used for cart or plough, may not sink in it. I
also provide a groove or circular cavity in the interior of the nave, which not
only lessens the weight of the wheel, but also serves to receive and retain fatty
matters, and consequently acts as a grease box. I am of opinion that wheels
made entirely of cast iron will (if the iron be of good quality) be quite as
strong and even stronger than necessary for all purposes. Nevertheless to
give them greater strength, either where the quality of the metal is doubtful,
or for the satisfaction of persons who may fear the breakage of wheels made
entirely of cast iron, I have deemed it advisable in some instances to place in
the outer circle or felly a ring of iron, round or nearly flat, at will, but in
preference round if the felly be round or rounded, and half flat, or of hoop iron
if the felly be half flat or more or less flattened. This ring is imbedded in the
cast iron, and for this purpose in moulding every precaution is taken to cover
all parts of the circle with a uniform coating of cast iron. When it is desired
to give still greater strength to the wheels, I tie to the circle of iron as many
iron rods as the wheel is to have spokes, and cover this skeleton with a
sufficient and regular coat of cast iron. (It will be understood that I give to
these spokes the strongest and most suitable shapes.) And, finally, if it be
desired that the nave be of forged iron, 1 form an entire carenss or skeleton
wheel, and cover the whole or part with cast iron. I am of opinion that it
will be found generally advantageous to use wooden axles for these wheels,
but iron axles or axles partly of wood and partly of iron may be used, and in
special cases where expense is no object they may offer incontestable advan-
tages. As regards the shape of the nave and of the axle, it is evident that for
wooden axles the opening in the nave must be larger than for those of iron, or
iron and wood. Although nearly every form of axle now in use may be
employed, I prefer for wooden and iron axles the form of nave and axle shewn
in the Drawing, but whatever the shape of the axle, and consequently of the
nave, this latter will always have in its interior the cavity destined to act as a
grease box.
In the Drawing Figure 1 shews front view of wheel; Figuro 2, section of

page_text: same; Figure 3, section with round felly and round ring of iron; Figure 4,
section with felly half round; Figure 5, section with felly half flat; Figure 6,
nave for axle of wood and iron; and Figure 7, axle for same.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, I would observe
that although I term my improved wheel a cart wheel, it may be used with
advantage for other vehicles, and that I claim the exclusive use of wheels
manufactured or constructed as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Baptiste Joseph de Buyer, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this First day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
J. B. J. DE BUYER (Ls.)