IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Fearnley, of Arcadia Street, Manningham,
near Bradford, in the County of York, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS."
Sealed the 16th April 1862, and dated the 19th October 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Office of the Commissioners of
October 1861.
left by the said Thomas Fearnley at the
Patents, with his Petition on the 19th
I, THOMAS FEARNLEY. of Arcadia Street, Manningham, near Bradford, in
the County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS," to be as follows:-
I form the steam cylinder annular, in order that the ram may pass through
the inner or central part of such cylinder, and thereby have increased guiding
surface in its motion, as also to reduce the height of it; and I form the piston
annular, with rods passing through the head of the cylinder to a cross head
affixed to the ram, or through the bottom of the cylinder direct to the hammer
above the head.
I also form the "tup" or hammer to surround the cylinder, the piston rod
being keyed into the hammer just above the head. In this case the cylinder
is fixed to the upper part of the framing, and the framing below is bored to
[Price Sd.]

page_text: receive and guide the "tup" or hammer in its motion, whilst the inside of the
"tup" or hammer is bored true to slide on the cylinder.
I also give motion to the valves of steam hammers by means of a spiral or
other suitably-formed groove cut or formed in the "tup" or hammer, acting
upon a pin or stud in connection with the valve or valves.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Fearnley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th April 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
FEARNLEY, of Arcadia Street, Manningham. near Bradford, in the County of
York, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Thomas Fearnley. Her special licence that I, the said Thomas
Fearnley, my executors, administrators, and assigns. or such others as I,
the said Thomas Fearnley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man. an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Thomas Fearnley, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals. should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed. and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I. the said Thomas Fearnley. do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement thereof, that is to say:-
I form the steam cylinder annular, in order that the ram may pass through
the inner or central part of such cylinder, and thereby have increased guiding
surface in its motion, as also to reduce the height of it; and I form the piston

page_text: annular, with rods passing through the head of the cylinder to a cross head
affixed to or formed upon the ram, or through the bottom of the cylinder direct
to the hammer above the head.
I also form the "tup" or hammer to surround the cylinder, the piston rod
being keyed into the hammer just above the head. In this case the cylinder
is fixed to the upper part of the framing, and the framing below is bored to
receive and guide the "tup or hammer in its motion, whilst the inside of the
"
"
tup or hammer is bored true to slide on the cylinder.
I also give motion to the valves of steam hammers by means of a spiral
groove or feather cut or formed in the "tup" or hammer, acting upon a pin or
stud in connection with the valve or valves.
But that the nature of the said Invention, and the means which I find to
answer in carrying the same into effect, may be better understood, I will
proceed to describe the Drawings annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure shows a front view, and Figure 2 a side view, partly in section of
a steam hammer, with parts arranged according to the one part of my
improvements; Figure 3 is a vertical section of parts; and Figure 4 shews
a horizontal section through the line (1). (1), of Figure 3.
In each of these views the same letters indicate corresponding parts
wherever they occur. a, a, and a', indicate the main framing of the hammer;
b, the steam cylinder, which is formed annular by there being an inner case or
lining b. within which the upper part of the "tup" or hammer bar or ram c
slides. The inside of the inner case or lining b' is turned truly, as is also the
outer surface of the bar or ram c, that it may serve to afford increased guiding
surface to such ram; d is the piston, and d. d. the piston rods passing through
the stuffing boxes to the cross head c' formed on the upper part of the
ram c. The use of two piston rods serves to keep the ram c from turning
round. The interior portion b' of the steam cylinder is by preference formed
as shewn, so that the bottom portion may be bolted to the bottom part of the
outer case b, whilst the upper portion is formed somewhat conical to enter cor-
responding conically-formed recesses in the cylinder cover b. The cylinder b
is cast on the part a' of the framing, which part for convenience for construction
I form as shewn, adapted to be connected to the parts a. a. by bands of metal
³, a. passed over the projections a', projecting from the respective parts a and
a; such bands being applied so as to fit closely when hot, will in shrinking, as
is well understood, draw the parts in the closest contact.
Figures 5 and 6 shew a modification of this part of the improvements, the

page_text: principal difference being that the piston rods pass through the lower end of
the cylinder, and are connected to the ram just above the head. The same
letters of reference are employed to indicate corresponding parts to those
already explained.
"
"
Figure 7 shews a sectional view of another part of my improvements, in
which the "tup" or hammer c is at its upper part formed hollow, so as by the
part c³ to surround the cylinder and to give increased guidance thereto. The
outer surface of the cylinder b, together with the inner surface of the frame a'.
and the inner and outer surfaces of that part of the ram c. are turned to fit
each other. In this case the piston rod d' is keyed into the hammer, as shewn.
Figures 8 and 9 shew a plan and the side views of the "tup' or ram, Figure 7,
separately. The opening is for the purpose of facilitating access to the
gland 2 of the steam cylinder. The valves have motion given to them to cut
off the supply of steam at the times desired, according to another part of my
Invention, by means of spiral grooves or feathers, an arrangement according
to which is applied to the ram c, of Figures 1, 2, and 3, but is more clearly
shewn by the separate view of the same at Figures 10, 11, and 12. The
spiral groove e receives a feather e', carried by the ring e3, which is supported
on the stationary ring e", so as simply to have a horizontal motion partly
round the "tup or ram imparted to it by the groove e acting on the
feather e in the vertical motion of that "tup or ram. The ring e is
formed with a projection, to which, by pin joint e, is connected one end of the
connecting rod e, the other end of which is by pin joint ef connected to one
arm of the lever e', which turns upon a fixed centre of motion e8, and at its
other end it is connected by the link e to the arm e¹ of the ring or nut el,
which, and parts connected therewith, are shewn by sectional view Figure 12,
as well as in other views. This nut el is cut with a female screw cor-
responding with a screw thread of a coarse pitch e¹; on this nut el are formed
two inclined planes, e13, els corresponding to inclines f. f, on discs f. f, which
are capable of sliding respectively in square holes, one in the lever g, the other
in the lever g', whilst they are cottered, each of them separately, to rods h, h.
By turning either of the two levers g, g', in horizontal directions, the discs
operated thereby will be caused to make a partial rotation, and the incline
thereon will be brought nearer or further from the corresponding incline on
the nut e, as the case may be; and the distance of movement of the rod g
will thereby be controlled, controlling the motion of the valve by the rod h
being connected by the link i to the one end of the lever i, which turns upon a
centre of motion ', and at its other end operates the valve.
Figure 13 shews a front elevation of a steam hammer of the ordinary class,

page_text: with this part of my improvements applied thereto. e is the spiral groove or
feather for working the valve motion. This groove or feather e receives a
stud k projecting from the bar k¹, or a recess therein, which is thereby moved
to and fro by the up-and-down motion of the hammer, the lever being
guided by the guides 1, 1, 1. In this to-and-fro motion of the bar k, the truck
or bowl carried thereby is capable of operating on the inclined surfaces
m, m, of the quadrangular frame m³, which is capable of sliding in guides m³,
and of being set as required by the levers n, n, so as to operate the valve by
the rod o.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the means I
adopt in carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do
not claim the various parts separately considered, nor do I confine myself to
the precise details shewn and described, as these may be varied without
departing from the peculiar character of the improvements; but what I do
claim is,
First, the forming steam hammers with the steam cylinder annular, and
with parts combined therewith substantially as explained.
Secondly, I claim forming the "tup" or hammer of steam hammers to
surround the steam cylinder, with parts acting therewith substantially as
explained.
Thirdly, I claim giving motion to the valves of steam hammers by means
of spiral grooves or feathers cut or formed in the "tup" or hammer, and parts
acting therewith, substantially as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Fearnley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 15th day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
THOMAS FEARNLEY. (L.S.)