Improvements in Ploughs for Agricultural and Horticultural Purposes.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ploughs for Agricultural and Horticultural
Purposes.
I, GIUSEPPE VICENZO DE LUCA, of 6 and 7, Long Lane, in the City of London,
Merchant and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows;
:-
My invention relates to ploughs such as are usually used for agricultural
purposes, but my improvements are intended (among other things) to render my
ploughs applicable for use in market gardens and other gardens and areas of
cultivation for which the ploughs now in general use are too heavy and require
too much power to draw them.
My invention also contemplates the reduction in the power required to draw
ploughs for ordinary agricultural work, so as to enable the work to be done with
a less number of horses than has hitherto been practicable and also more quickly.
The essential feature of my invention is the substitution of a revolving plough
share and coulter or one of them for the fixed ones hitherto in use and to this
adaptation the other parts of the plough are modified.
The share is mounted on a horizontal or nearly horizontal axle which is
caried in bearings made adjustable for the purpose of regulating the depth and
the angle at which the share is to work, and which is connected by suitable
gearing with one or other or both of the wheels on which the plough travels.
The form given to the share is that of a twisted blade, or screw, by the rotation
of which the earth. partly severed from the mass by the coulter, is turned over.
The coulter may consist of the ordinary blade or the blade may be modified in
shape so as to sever the earth more completely or so as to render the advance
of the revolving share more easy or effective, or the coulter may be made in the
form of a rotating disc and either be allowed to rotate freely or be driven by the
before mentioned or other gearing
Means for adjusting the position of the land and furrough wheels in the usual
manner are provided and for adjusting the handles, share, coulter, and parts
requiring such adjustment, as well as for enabling the plough to be used for
subsoil work
I contemplate that my improved ploughs will be particularly useful in the
cultivation of light soils for which purpose they may be made of comparatively
very light construction so as to be drawn by a single horse or even by less powerful
means and so as to be applicable to horticultural purposes for which ploughs
have not hitherto been generally used.
For use on heavy and stiff clay soils where the draft power is of necessity required
to be great my ploughs will be made of appropriate strength and will I anticipate
enable the work to be accomplished with an appreciable diminution of the number

page_text: of horses to each plough and therefore at a very considerably less cost which is a
matter of pressing importance at the present time.
NEWNHAM BROWNE,
Agent for the Applicant,
Improvements in Ploughs for Agricultural and Horticultural
-Purposes.
I, GIUSEPPE VICENZO DE LUCA, of 6 and 7, Long Lane, in the City of London,
Merchant and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to ploughs such as are usually used for agricultural
purposes, but my improvements are intended (among other things) to render my
ploughs applicable for use in market gardens and other gardens and areas of
cultivation for which the ploughs now in general use are too heavy and require
too much power to draw them
L
My invention also contemplates the reduction in the power required to draw
ploughs for ordinary agricultural work, so as to enable the work to be done with
a less number of horses than has hitherto been practicable and also more, quickly
The essential feature of my invention is the substitution of a revolving plough
share for the fixed ones hitherto in use and to this adaptation the other parts of
the plough are modified.
The share 18 mounted on a horizontal or nearly houzontal axle which is
caried in bearings made adjustable for the purpose of regulating the depth and
the angle at which the share is to work, and which is connected by suitable
gearing with one or other or both of the wheels on which the plough travels.
The form iven to the share is that of a twisted blade, or screw, by the rotation
of which the earth, partly severed from the mass by the coulter, is turned over.
The coulter may consist of the ordinary blade or the blade may be modified in
shape so as to sever the earth more completely or so as to render the advance
of the revolving share more easy or effective, or the coulter may be made in the
form of a rotating disc and either be allowed to rotate freely or be driven by the
before mentioned or other gearing.
Means for adjusting the position of the land and furrow wheels in the usual
manner are provided and for adjusting the handles, share, coulter, and parts
requiring such adjustment, as well as for enabling the plough to be used for
subsoil work
I will describe my invention by reference to the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1, is a plan, and Fig. 2, a side elevation, partly broken away, of one form
of my improved plough, and
Fig 3, is a plan and Fig. 4, a side elevation, partly broken away, of a second
form of the said plough
Like letters of reference indicate similar parts throughout the drawings.
In constructing a plough as represented in Figs. 1 and 2, I form the frame A
in two main parts a, the forward part a being, as in existing ploughs, pro-
vided with an adjustable and vertically pivotted leading or land wheel b, and the
rearward part al being provided with the usual handles v and being secured to
the forward part a by a transverse bolt and clamping bolts, or screws a. the
latter of which pass through sufficiently large holes in the parts a, a¹ to enable

page_text: the relative positions of the said parts to be varied to suit the height at which
it is desired to have the handles a from the ground.
•
To the rear part a' of the frame A is adjustably secured a furrow-wheel C
journalled in a fork c which is slotted at at c¹ so that its point of attachment with
the frame part a¹ may be varied to suit the depth of the furrow to be cut:
holes a in the frame part a¹ admit of the said point of attachment being varied
in a horizontal direction The frame part al is further provided with bearings a
for receiving the axle or shaft d on which are secured the driving or land wheel D
and a bevel gear wheel the latter of which through another bevel wheel 2.
transmits rotary motion to a vertical or substantially vertical shaft e Fig. 1.
The shaft e is mounted in suitable bearings in a frame F which is pivotted on
and free to be adjusted about the driving-wheel shaft d and may be secured in
any such desired position of adjustment by a slotted link f adjustably secured to
the before described fork c¹, and a fork or frame f adjustable secured to the
before mentioned transverse bolt a³. The frame is provided with bearings f
for receiving a horizontal or substantially horizontal shaft g on which is secured
a bevel toothed pinion gl which gears with a toothed wheel g Fig. 2, secured on the
shaft e.
Secured to, or formed in part with, the shaft g, is a plough-share G which is
in the form of a twisted blade or screw, and the leading end of the shaft g, or as
shown, a centre g³ formed on the plough-share G is supported by and free to
rotate within a bearing formed in the rear edge of the coulter H, Fig 2; the
latter, for the sake of clearness, is omitted from Fig. 1. The coulter H is secured
to the frame part a by the usual clamp Fig 2, and it is provided with two or
more bearings h, for enabling the operative position of the forward-end of the
plough-share G to be raised or lowered in relation to the point or lower end of the
coulter II To prevent the coulter II from being accidentally moved out of
engagement with the forward end of the plough-share G when the plough is
being turned, or at other tunes, I adjustably secure to the frame part a. a
stop adapted to bear against the back of the stem of the said coulter as shown
in Fig. 2.
The before described toothed gearing and adjacent parts are preferably enclosed
within a suitable casing (not shown in the drawings) to prevent dirt and other
obstacles having access thereto and between the front of this casing and the rear
end of the plough-share G is interposed a metal shield or mould-board 1 (shown
in dotted lines in Fig. 2.) for deflecting the earth thrown up by the plough-
share G, wrom the centre to the sides of the plough
In the plough shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the rotary motion is transmitted to the
plough-share G from the diving wheel 1 by chain and toothed gearing as dis-
tinguished from toothed gearing only as in the plough previously described. In
this arrangement (Figs. 3 and 4.) the bevel gear wheel meshes with a wheel d
secured on a horizontal or substantially horizontal shaft journalled in a frame Fl
which is pivotted on, and free to be adjusted angularly about the driving-wheel
shaft d. On the rear end of the shaft is secured a sprocket wheel ' with which
engages an endless driving chain (shown in dotted lines in Figs. 3 and 4,)
which also similarly engages with a sprocket wheel j" secured on
the rear end of the shaft g of the plough share G The frame F in
which the shaft is journalled is connected to the frame F¹ by
radius arms pivotted o'n an axis coincident with that of the
shaft J,
so that the said frame F. and the parts carried thereby may be
raised and lowered without affecting the tension of the chain or disturbing the
parallelism of the shafts g and j The means for securing the frame F in position
in relation to the frame A are omitted from Wigs 3 and 4. but these and the
casing far enclosing the driving gear may be substantially similar to those
previously described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2.
It will be readily understood that as the plough is moved forward the plough-
share Gis rotated and thereby caused to turn over the earth previously severed

page_text: from the mass by the coulter H immediately preceding the said plough-share
in the passage through the soil or ground the depth of the furrow thus produced
depending upon the position to which the wheels b, C and D and plough-share G
had been previously adjusted it being here explained that only for convenience
of illustration and not in any way as representative of their relative working
positions are these said parts (b, C and D) shown in the same horizontal plane
in Figs. 2 and 4.
I contemplate that my improved ploughs will be particularly useful in the
cultivation of light soils for which purpose they may be made of comparatively
very light construction so as to be drawn by a single horse or even by less powerful
means and so as to be applicable to horticultural purposes for which ploughs
have not hitherto been generally used.
For use on heavy and stiff clay soils where the draft' power is of necessity
required to be great, my ploughs will be made of appropriate strength and will,
I anticipate enable the work to be accomplished with an appreciable diminution
of the number of horses to each plough and therefore at a very considerably less
cost which is a matter of pressing importance at the present time.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is―
1. In a plough for agricultural or horticultural purposes the employment of a
rotating plough-share substantially as herembefore described.
2. In a plough for agricultural or horticultural purposes the combination with
a rotatable plough-share of mechanism for transmitting motion to the said plough
share from the land wheel substantially as herein before described with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
3. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the plough for
agricultural or horticultural purposes substantially as here before described and
illustrated in Figs. 1, and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
4. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the plough for
agricultural or horticultural purposes substantially as herein before described
and illustrated in Figs 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 8th day of Novembar 1800