Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 12th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 4th Jan., 1896
I, Madame ALBERTINE GRANDJEAN, née UNOLD, of 108 Boulevard Arago,
Paris, France do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a new or improved filtering medium for liquids generally,
and to the construction of the filter in which it is employed. This new filtering
medium is composed of defibrated paper pulp compressed in the dry state into the
form of blocks as hereafter described.
The pulp is first defibrated for the purpose of bringing it to as finely divided a
condition as possible, the flocculent product thus obtained being then placed in
moulds and subjected to pressure in a hydraulic or other press, the degree of
pressure applied varying according to the degree of homogeneousness required.
In this manner, dry compressed blocks of any desired form or dimensions are
obtained.
With the defibrated paper pulp may be combined a mixture of carbon, sand,
asbestos, alum, or other filtering substance, capable of modifying the character of
the filtrate. These filter-blocks may be contained in any suitable form of filter,
but in order to ensure an efficient result I have devised a special form whereby the
filtrate is always drawn from the centre of the filtering block so as to permeate
through its every part and prevent leakage around the edges of the block.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this
Specification, which illustrate several types of filter.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a high-pressure filter.
Figure 2 is a section of a filter having a syphonic action.
Figure 3 is a section of a filter adapted to work either under high pressure or
under the pressure of a column of liquid or by siphoning.
Figure 4 is a section of a modified arrangement of the filter shown in Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a section of a filter of small dimensions.
Figure 6 represents sections of different forms of filter-blocks.
Figures 7, 8, and 9, shew the filters applied for various purposes.
The filter-block a is enclosed in a casing of cylindrical, conical, or other form,
between two perforated discs c, d, the disc c which is interposed between the filter-
block a and the bottom of the casing, being supported upon a ring e formed on the
latter and making a water-tight joint therewith, while the upper disc d is pressed
down upon the filter-block by a liner screwing into the casing b. The casing is
closed by a screwed cover y, a tight joint being made by a rubber or other washer.
The cover has a cock for drawing off unfiltered or cleansing water, and
connection for attachment to a supply-pipe, terminating within the cover in a
rose j. The filtered water collects at the bottom of the apparatus and is discharged
at the nozzle k. In Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, the perforated disc d is held down upon
the filter-block by the cover g.
The filter shewn in Figure 2 is intended to work by siphon action, the sides of
casing band of the liner which holds down plated being perforated, as at 1, for the
admission of the liquid to be filtered. The perforated dise e may be replaced, as
shewn in Figures 4 and 5, by a conical perforated dome a rising from the bottoin
of the casing and covering the outlet k, the filter-block being suitably hollowed for

page_text: its reception, so that the filtered liquid can only pass out at the centre after
traversing the filter-block and being freed from all impurities.
There may be applied upon the cone na cap p of cloth, felt, or other fabric,
moulded or not in the cavity of the filter-block, for the purpose of preventing any
fibre passing through the orifices o. The inner faces of the perforated discs c, d,
may also be lined with a layer of fabric g for the protection of the filter-block
when under considerable pressure of liquid and prevent its disaggregation when
water is injected for cleansing the filter. The cover may be pivoted to the
casing by means of screw-bolts and nuts, as shewn in Figures 3 and 4.
2
My improved filter may be made of all dimensions and when to be employed for
filtering small quantities at a time it may be arranged as shewn in Figure 5.
The filter-blocks may be made of various forms, as shewn in Figure 6, adapted
to suit filters of various shapes and the latter may be made of metal or other
suitable material.
In Figure 7 the filter is shewn as applied directly to the draw-off taps s on a
supply pipe t.
The filter may also be placed in a heater or cooler. u (Figure 8) so that the
liquid transferred from vessel v to vessel w may be heated or cooled at same time
as it is filtered. The filter is, moreover, capable of being adapted to the vessel
containing the liquid to be filtered, so as to act under the pressure of a column of
liquid, or of being immersed in the liquid to be filtered, as shewn in Figure 9, or
of being placed at a distance therefrom, the filter, in the two latter cases, working
by syphon action.
The following are the advantages of the filter:-
1st. The filtering material being composed of pure cellulose is completely exempt
from foreign matters;
2nd. The filter is so constructed and arranged as to enable it to be thoroughly
washed;
3rd. The filter-block having been compressed in a dry state to the exact form of
the casing will expand on being moistened, the increase in bulk ensuring a perfectly
tight joint between the filter-block and casing;
4th. The filtering medium being cheap can be frequently replaced, thus
avoiding the danger of other filters made of porous material, such as porcelain,
carbon, sandstone, etc., which, owing to their great porosity, allow of the passage
of bacteria, or become by degrees incrusted therewith.
Dated this 12th day of February 1895.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.
Improvements in Filters.
I, Madame ALBERTINE GRANDJEAN, née ALBERTINE UNOLD, of 108, Boulevard
Arago, Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a new or improved filtering medium for liquids generally,
and to the construction of the filter in which it is employed. This new filtering
medium is composed of paper pulp defibrated and compressed in the dried state
into the form of blocks as hereafter described.
The pulp in the dry state is first defibrated for the purpose of bringing it to as
finely divided a condition as possible, the flocculent product thus obtained being
then placed in moulds and subjected to pressure in a hydraulic or other press, the
degree of pressure applied varying according to the degree of homogeneousness

page_text: required. In this manner, dry compressed blocks of any desired form or dimensions
are obtained.
With the defibrated paper pulp may be combined a mixture of carbon, sand,
asbestos, alum, or other filtering substance, capable of modifying the character of
the filtrate.
These filter blocks may be contained in any suitable form of filter, but in order
to ensure an efficient result I have devised a special form whereby the filtrate is.
always drawn from the centre of the filtering block so as to permeate through its
every part and prevent leakage around the edges of the block.
Reference is to be had to the drawings left with my Provisional Specification,
and also to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate several types of filter.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a high-pressure filter.
Figure 2 is a section of a filter having a syphonic action.
Figure 3 is a section of a filter adapted to work either under high pressure or
under the pressure of a column of liquid or by siphoning.
Figure 4 is a section of a modified arrangement of the filter shewn in Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a section of a filter of small dimensions.
Figure 6 represents sections of different forms of filter blocks.
Figures 7, 8, and 9, shew the filters applied for various purposes.
Figure 10 is a vertical section, and Figure 11 a plan of another modified
arrangement of the filter.
of
In the filter shewn in Figure 1, the filter block a is enclosed in a casing
cylindrical, conical or other form, between two perforated discs c, d, the disc e
which is interposed between the filter block a and the bottom of the casing, being
supported upon a ring e formed on the latter and making a water-tight joint there-
with, while the upper disc d is pressed down upon the filter-block by a liner f
screwing into the casing b. The casing is closed by a screwed cover g, a tight
joint being made by a rubber or other washer. The cover has a cock for drawing
off unfiltered or cleansing water, and a connection i for attachment to a supply
pipe terminating within the cover in a rose j. The filtered water collects at the
bottom of the apparatus and is discharged at the nozzle k. In Figures 2, 3, 4, 1
and 5, the perforated disc d is held down upon the filter-block by the cover g.
The filter shewn in Figure 2 is intended to work by siphou action, the sides
of casing band of the liner which holls down plated being perforated, as at 1,
for the admission of the liquid to be filtered. The perforated. disc c. may be
replaced, as shewn in Figures 3, 4, and 5, by a conical perforated domen rising
from the bottom of the casing and covering the outlet k, the filter-block being
suitably hollowed for its reception, so that the filtered liquid can only pass out at
the centre after traversing the filter-block and being freed from all impurities.
There may be applied upon the cone na cap p of cloth, felt, or other fabric,
moulded or not in the cavity of the filter-block, for the purpose of preventing any
fibre passing through the orifices o. The inner faces of the perforated discs c, d,
may also be lined with a layer of fabric g for the protection of the filter-block
when under considerable pressure of liquid and prevent its disaggregation when
water is injected for cleansing the filter. The cover y may be pivoted to the
casing by means of screw-bolts and nuts, as shewn in Figures 3 and 4.
My improved filter may be inade of all dimensions and when to be employed for
filtering small quantities at a time it may be arranged as shewn in Figure 5.
The filter-blocks may be made of various forms as shewn in Figure 6, adapted
to suit filters of various shapes and the latter may be made of metal or other
suitable material.
In Figure 7 the filter is shewn as applied directly to the draw-off taps s on a
supply pipe t.
The filter may also be placed in a heater or cooler u (Figure 8) so that the
liquid transferred from vessel v to vessel n may be heated or cooled at same time
as it is filtered. The filter is, moreover, capable of being adapted to the vessel

page_text: containing the liquid to be filtered so as to act under the pressure of a column of
liquid, or of being immersed in the liquid to be filtered, as shewn in Figure 9, or of
being placed at a distance therefrom, the filter, in the two latter cases, working by
syphon action.
In Figures 10 and 11, b is the casing and its cover as before. ¿ is the supply
pipe provided with a stop cock ¹, and k is the outlet pipe provided with a stop
cock is a purge cock and ', a test cock. Upon the supply pipe i is mounted
a container & for pulp. Within the casing & a loose grid y is seated upon a rubber
ring supported upon an angle iron ring fixed to the side of the casing b. Upon
the grating is applied a disc of coarse wire-work e', and upon this is placed a
second disc of fine wire gauze q', upon which is applied a layer of compressed
pulp a which is in turn covered with a disc of coarse wire-work d. The pulp
contained in the vessel a having been previously stirred up is carried along with
the liquid passing through pipe into the upper part of casing where it is
deposited upon the upper layer of wire cloth d', for the sole purpose of ensuring
perfectly tight joints. The liquid introduced into easing & traverses the layers of
wire cloth and compressed pulp and is received in a filtered condition in the lower
part of the casing, whence it is drawn off by tap all of its impurities being
deposited in the upper part of the casing.
Filtering surfaces of large dimensions may similarly be formed by the juxta-
position of plates of any suitable form in a single filter."
The following are the advantages of the filter
1st. The filtering material being composed of pure cellulose is completely
exempt from foreign matters;
2nd. The filter is so constructed and arranged as to enable it to be thoroughly
washed;
3rd. The filter-block having been compressed in a dry state to the exact form
of the casing will expand on being moistened, the increase in bulk cusuring a
perfectly tight joint between the filter-block and casing;
4. The filtering medium being cheap can be frequently replaced, thus avoiding
the danger of other filters made of porous material, such as porcelain, carbon,
sandstone, etc., which, owing to their great porosity, allow of the passage of
bacteria, or become by degrees incrusted therewith.
It should be understood that I reserve the right of varying the accessory
arrangements of the filter to suit the different applications of the same, but without
in any way affecting the principle of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. A filtering medium in the form of a block composed of paper pulp
defibrated and compressed in the dry state, as specified.
2nd. A filter having a filtering block formed of paper pulp defibrated and
compressed in the dry state, as described, and clamped between perforated plates,
the cover and bottom of the casing being provided with an inlet and outlet for the
liquid, substantially as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
3rd. A filter having a filtering block formed of paper pulp defibrated and
compressed and so applied that the outflowing liquid must necessarily have
traversed the filter-block and flow out from the centre thereof, the said block
being held between a perforated plate and a perforated cone rising from the
bottom of the casing, the cover and bottom of the casing being provided with an
inlet and outlet for the liquid, substantially as described with refereuce to
Figures 3, 4, and 5.
4th. A filter having a filtering block of the kind described, clamped between
thicknesses of wire cloth and supported upon a grid, the casing having inlet and
outlet pipes provided with stop cocks and a pulp container placed upon the inlet

page_text: pipe for introducing pulp into the casing for the purpose of ensuring a perfectly
water tight joint, all substantially as described with reference to Figures 10.
and 11.
Da Nambou 10th 180-
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.