IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO - . MAGNETO ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Lee Anders of Queen Victoria Street in the City
of London, and John Benjamin Henck Junior, of Boston, Massachusetts, United
States of America, but temporarily residing in Queen Victoria Street in the
City of London for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO -
.
MAGNETO ELECTRIC MACHINES
"}
OR
i
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Lee Anders and
John Benjamin Henck, Junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 13th December 1882.
.
GEORGE LEE ANDERS, of Queen Victoria Street in the City of London and
JOHN BENJAMIN HENCK, Junior, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States of.
America, but temporarily residing in Queen Victoria Street in the City of London
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO OR MAGNETO ELECTRIC MACHINES"
Our improvements relate to machines for the production of electric currents by
the rotation of a conductor in a magnetic field and have for their chief object the
construction of a machine which will produce a continuous and uniform electric
current without reversing the magnetic polarity of any part and therefore without
the necessity of a commutator for reducing or converting alternating or contrary,
into continuous, currents as in previous machines for the production of continuous
currents.
Our Invention is also designed to afford the further advantages of great
simplicity of construction and low internal resistance.
. We accomplish these results by employing a cylindrical or globular shell of non
magnetic metal, preferably copper, arranged to revolve about an axis coinciding
with the magnetic axis of the permanent or electro magnetic system by which the
field is maintained; this shell is so shaped and arranged as to cut the lines of force
of the magnetic field as nearly as possible at right angles and to allow of taking
off the current at two or more points so situated that the greatest possible number
[Price B71

page_text: of magnetic lines of force will pass between the point or points constituting the
positive terminal and the point or points constituting the negative terminal, such
lines of force all passing in the same direction.
".
In one form of our machine embodying the above principles we use a magnet
consisting of a straight shaft of iron having a wire coil about each of its ends; the
outer surfaces of the coils are preferably shaped to coincide as nearly as practicable
with an equipotential surface of the magnetic field. Each coil is surrounded by a
shell of copper which is so arranged that it can rotate about the iron shaft as an
axis, contacts being made with these shells at their axial extremities; the two
contacts at the opposite extremities of the machine are used as positive terminals
while those at the middle of the machine form the negative terminals or vice versa,
according to the direction of rotation. If preferred the two shells may be united
in the middle of the machine and only one contact made at that point.
In another form of our machine the iron shaft is replaced by a hollow shell of
iron and the wire coils are placed in the interior, instead of on the exterior, of its
two ends.
According to a further modification of our Invention we construct the iron shell
in such a manner as to give it the form of two concentric shells of iron very close
together, with a coil inside the inner shell and another coil outside of the outer
shell. The two copper shells in this case are united to form a single shell which
revolves between the two iron shells, the terminals being as above described at its
axial extremities. We may modify this form of our Invention by so combining
two machines that the open ends. of the iron shells shall face each other and the
two copper shells will be united to form one continuous shell or drum the iron
shells may be united or they may be separated by a slight space the terminals being
at the axial extremities of the machine,
"
This type or form of machine is in some cases still further modified by
shortening the axis and replacing the internal iron shell and coil by a simple disc,
or pair of discs, of iron deriving their magnetic charge entirely from the coils and
exterior iron shell with which they are connected through the axis. The external
iron may in this case face the two ends of the copper shell which then becomes a
very short cylinder or drum. The terminals are, as above specified, at the axial
extremities.
In some cases we arrange the internal shell or core of iron, as well as the copper
shell, to revolve, and either add the axial current thereby developed in the said core
to that produced in the copper shell; or we use one of these currents to maintain
the magnetic field and the other for external purposes. In any case the current
produced by the machine may be passed through the field coils, or these may be
made a shunt to the main circuit.
In any of the forms of our Invention above described we may in some cases cut
or divide the copper shell or shells longitudinally so as to form a number of
parallel conductors united at the ends.
In order to adapt our machine to the production of currents alternating in
direction instead of using the shells of iron with exterior and interior coils (which
produce a uniform field throughout the circumference) we substitute therefor two
concentric iron rings consisting of a series of sections or parts which form successive
arcs of the circles or rings. These sections are covered with wire which is coiled
or wound in opposite directions in the alternate sections; or the coils may be, all
wound in the same direction and so connected as to ensure the alternate direction
of the currents in them so that the ends of the cores of the said sections form poles
which are arranged alternately north and south in each ring and the north poles
of one ring are opposite the south poles of the other ring. We thus obtain a field
of alternating sign and if our copper shell were rotated between these two iron
rings we should have, at any one time, currents alternating in direction in the
alternate longitudinal elements of the shell, which currents would neutralize each
other. But we prevent this result by dividing the copper shell or cylinder
+

page_text: longitudinally into as many parts as there are alternations of sign in the field and
connect these parts either in series or in multiple are so that their several currents
may be added together.
In this form of our invention we either use a separate machine giving a continuous
current to maintain the field, or we connect the several parts of the copper shell to
a commutator so as yo shunt off a portion of the currents produced and send them
continuously in one direction through the field magnets. This latter arrangement
is applicable to various forms of alternate current machines which have heretofore
been dependent upon a second machine giving a continuous current to charge their
field magnets

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Lee Anders and John Benjamin Henck, Junior, in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th June 1883.
GEORGE LEE ANDERS, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, and
JOHN BENJAMIN HENCK, Junior, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States of
America, but temporarily residing in Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO OR MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
"
Our improvements relate to machines for the production of electric currents by
the rotation of a conductor in a magnetic field, and have for their chief object the
construction of a machine which will produce a continuous and uniform electric
current without reversing the magnetic polarity of any part, and therefore without
the necessity of a commutator for reducing or converting alternating or contrary
into.continuous currents, as in most of the previous machines for the production of
continuous currents. Our invention is also designed to afford the further advantages
of great simplicity of construction and low internal resistance.
We accomplish these results as hereinafter described by employing a cylindrical
or globular body consisting of a shell or series of strips or bars of non-magnetic
metal, preferably copper, arranged to revolve about an axis coinciding with the
magnetic axis of the permanent or electro-magnetic system by which the field is
maintained; this non-magnetic body is so shaped and arranged as to cut the lines
of force of the magnetic field as nearly as possible at right angles, and to allow of
taking off the current at two or more points so situated that the greatest possible
number of magnetic lines of force will pass between the point or points constituting
the positive terminal and the point or points constituting the negative terminal,
such lines of force all passing in the same direction.
Our invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which Figures 1
to 4 show machines for generating continuous currents
Figure 1 is a plan, partly in horizontal section, of a machine wherein we employ
a bollow iron shaft with wire coils wound about its extremities, the non-magnetic
body rotating upon the said shaft and surrounding the coils
Figure 2 is a plan, partly in horizontal section of a machine wherein the non-
magnetic body is arranged to rotate between two iron shells provided with wire
coils.
Figure 3 is a plan, partly in horizontal section of a machine in which we employ
a short cylindrical non-metallic body enclosing two iron discs and arranged to
rotate between the said discs and two iron shells.
Figure, 4 is a plan, partly in horizontal section showing part of a modified form
of the machine shown in Figure 3.
Figure 5 is an end elevation partly in vertical section of a machine wherein we
employ two concentric rings of magnets with a non-metallic body rotating between
them, for generating alternating currents.
Figure 6 is a front elevation of the same partly in vertical section.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawing.
In the form of our machine shown in Figure 1 and embodying the above
principles we use a magnet consisting of a fixed hollow iron shaft a having a
wire coil b about each of its ends; the outer surfaces of the coils are preferably
shaped to coincide as nearly as practicable with an equipotential surface of the
magnetic field. Each coil is surrounded by a copper shell or cage c consisting of a
number of strips or bars fixed at each end to a ring d the said ring being so

page_text: fitted upon the shaft a that it can rotate about the said shaft. Rings e are
fitted over the ends of the said strips, and brushes f, f³, are secured to the frame
of the machine and arranged to bear upon the said rings e and thus form contacts.
The two contacts f, at the opposite extremities of the machine are used as positive
terminals while those f¹ at the central part of the machine form the negative
terminals, or vice versa, according to the direction of rotation. If preferred the
two shells may be united at the centre of the machine and only one contact made
at that point. g is a driving pulley which is firmly fixed to flanges d¹ upon the
rings d at the inner ends of the shells c, by bolts or other suitable means; h is a
brass tube fitted in the end of the shaft a.and secured at h¹ in the frame of the
machine for supporting the iron shaft a and to form a passage for the conducting
wire . This wire is connected to the brushes. f, f, whence it passes through the
tube h and is wound around the two ends of the shaft a to form the coils, it is
then connected to a binding post j to which one terminal of the external circuit is
secured. The brushes f1 are in electrical connection with the binding post to
which the other terminal of the external circuit is secured.
In another form of our machine the iron shaft is replaced by a hollow shell of
iron and the wire coils are placed in the interior instead of on the exterior of its
two ends.
According to the modification of our invention shown in Figure 2 we construct
the machine with two concentric iron shells a², a³, very close together with a coil b¹
inside the inner shell a' and another coil b2 outside of the outer shell a. In this
case a single copper shell or cage c revolves between the two iron shells. The
inner shell a¹ is secured at its ends to discs k, l, fixed to, or formed integrally with,
the shafts, . The shaft is firmly secured in a boss or hub m forming part of
the frame of the machine and having a flange m¹ to which one end of the outer
shell a² is secured. The shaft is made hollow to permit the conducting wire n
to pass through it and is carried in a boss or hub m³ forming part of the frame of
the machine. A metal bearing o is placed upon the shaft but is separated
therefrom by the insulating material o'. The copper strips forming the shell c¹ are
secured to the discs k³ The disc le is made with a hollow shaft k which fits,
and is arranged to rotate, upon the bearing o, and on which the driving pulley g
is fixed. A ring e is also fixed on the shaft and a brush f2 is arranged to bear
upon the said ring.", are the binding posts for the two terminals of the external
circuit. A shunt circuit is formed from the brush through the exterior and
interior coils to the opposite end of the machine.
"
We may modify this form of our invention by so combining two machines that
the open ends of the iron shells shall face each other and the two copper shells will
then be united to form one continuous shell or drum; the iron shells may be united
or they may be separated by a slight space, the terminals being at the axial
extremities of the machine."
This type or form of machine is in some cases still further modified by
substituting for the internal iron shell a¹ and coil 6 a simple disc or pair of discs
of iron.
The exterior iron shells in this case face the two ends of the copper shell which
is made in the form of a short cylindrical drum. The terminals are, as above
specified at the axial extremities.
A machine constructed in this manner is shewn in Figure 3, a³, a³ are two iron
discs fixed to, or formed integrally with, the shafts 13. a³, a² are iron shells
enclosing the coils 63 which surround the shafts. These shafts form bearings for
the brass tubes p which are secured to the ends of the copper shell c². This shell
is formed of strips of metal bent to the proper shape and fixed in any suitable
manner to the flanges on the tubes p. A pulley g is fixed upon one of these tubes
for the purpose of rotating the copper shell c². The iron shells a are bolted to the
frame of the machine and serve as supports. for the discs and shafts. The said
iron shells are connected by a ring q of insulating material fixed to the flanges of

page_text: the said shells by screws. j, j are the binding posts for the terminals of the
external circuit. The coils are arranged in a shunt circuit, the wires being
connected to the frame of the machine at the points by screws. The poles or
discs a³ are of similar polarity and 'the poles or faces of the parts a² are also of
similar polarity but of opposite polarity to that of the discs a³.
This machine may be modified as shewn in Figure 4 by substituting for the
single coil b and the exterior shell a² a series of coils b' wound upon cores s
arranged concentrically around the shaft and secured to the rings or flanges t, t¹
by bolts or other suitable means.
In some cases we arrange the internal iron shell or core (as well as the non-
magnetic body) to revolve, and either add the axial current thereby developed in
the said core to that produced in the non-magnetic body or we use one of these
currents to maintain the magnetic field and the other for external purposes. In
any case the current produced by the machine may be passed through the field
coils, or these may be made a'shunt to the main circuit.
In order to adapt our machine to the production of currents alternating in
direction, instead of using the shells of iron with exterior and interior coils (which.
-produce a uniform field throughout the circumference) we substitute therefor two
concentric iron rings formed of a series of sections or parts which constitute
successive arcs of the circles or rings.
In Figures 5 and 6, A, B are the two concentric rings, C and D are the sections
forming the said rings, which sections are covered with wire coils. The coils upon
adjacent sections of each ring are wound in opposite directions, or the coils
may be all wound in the same direction and so connected as to ensure the alternate
direction of the currents in them so that the ends of the said sections form poles
arranged alternately north and south in each ring, and the north poles of one ring
are opposite the south poles of the other ring.
The interior ring B is carried by a brass frame E made in the form of a bub with
spokes or arms El projecting therefrom. To these arms E¹ the sections D are
secured by means of bolts. The hub E is formed with an extension or hollow,
shaft which constitutes a support or bearing for the shaft F. This shaft F carries
a number of copper strips or bars G which are bent so that they can be rotated
between the two rings A, B. These strips or bars are connected in series, that is
to say, one end of the first bar forms one of the terminals and is connected with
the ring e', the other end of the first bar is connected with one end of the second
bar;
the other end of the second bar is connected with one end of the third bar,
and so on, the end of the last bar forming the other terminal and being connected
with the ring e³. The rings e¹, e² are fixed upon the shaft F but are insulated
therefrom. Two brushes f³, f' are secured to the frame of the machine and bear
upon the said rings, and the terminals of the external circuit are connected with
the said brushes. g is a pulley fixed on the shaft F for the purpose of rotating the
bars.or strips G.
'
In this form of our invention we either use a separate machine giving a
continuous current to maintain the field, or we connect the several parts of the
copper shell to a commutator so as to shunt off portions of the currents produced
and send them continuously in one direction through the field magnets. This
latter arrangement is applicable to various forms of alternate current machines
which have generally heretofore been dependent upon a second machine giving a
continuous current to charge the field magnets
Having thus described our said Invention and the manner of performing the
same we wish it understood that we claim.
First. A dynamo or magneto electric machine in which a good conducting body
consisting of a shell or series of strips or bars is arranged to rotate in a magnetic
field and in combination with the other parts of the machine, for the generation of
continuous currents as described with reference to either of the forms or
modifications shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the accompanying drawing..
3:

page_text: Second. The modification of our invention whereby we adapt our improvements
to machines for the generation of alternating currents, substantially as described
with reference to Figures 5 and 6 of the drawing.
In witness whereof we the said George Lee Anders and John Benjamin
Henck, junior have hereunto set our hands and seals this Thirteenth day of
June in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty
three
GEORGE LEE ANDERS
(L.S.)
J. B. HENCK, JR.
(L.S.)