IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BOARD
Year: 1865

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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Franklin Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1865.
I, JOHN FRANKLIN JONES, of Rochester, in the County of Monroe, and
State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF PAPER BOARD," to be as follows:→
The object of this Invention is to produce paper board in a continuous or
indefinite length which may be cut into small sheets for ordinary use. A
suitable frame is employed in which is firmly fixed a circular bed with a
revolving grinding disk above and contiguous to said bed, having a central
hopper fixed in a suitable manner to a revolving spindle. The contiguous
or grinding surfaces of both the stationary bed and revolving disk are preferably
made of chilled iron or steel, and are provided with teeth for grinding the
material, which enters from an outside spout. These surfaces are made
dishing or inclined upward from the centre outward, in order to retain the
pulp and its contained moisture until properly reduced. After being ground
the pulp falls into a case enclosing said disk and bed, and escapes thence into
a spout in a condition to be formed into board. The spindle which rotates
said disk passes through a stuffing box beneath the stationary bed, and its
lower end rests in a step which is adjustable vertically by means of a band
screw, so as to separate the grinding surfaces more or less. For pressing
the pulp thus formed into board two endless wire mesh aprons are employed.
The machinery employed for this purpose is mounted on one end of a suitable

page_text: frame. This machinery is on the Fourdinier plan, having the usual endless
wire cloth apron passing from end to end of the frame around suitable rollers
placed at each end thereof, and supported at the top by small rollers, forming
a bed for receiving the necessary pressure from above. I prefer to fill the
spaces between the small rollers with perforated sheet metal for sustaining
said apron and allowing the expressed water to pass through.
The peculiar feature of this part of my Invention is the use of a second
endless wire apron above the first, leaving between the two a space sufficient
to receive the necessary thickness of pulp. This apron passes around a series
of cylinders and rollers mounted in a swing frame, which consists of swing
bars on each side of the main frame, which bars turn on an axis supported
transversely upon two vertical standards extending upwards from said main
frame. Arms are jointed at an obtuse angle with said swing bars at the top,
inclining outward and downward, and are connected at the bottom by bars which
support said cylinder; said arms may be made more or less obtuse by means
of braces having adjusting holes for the passage of bolts. By these means
the apron is made taut and the parts braced as desired. The ends of the
connecting bars are also provided with adjusting holes to compensate for
the adjustment of the arms and for independant adjustment. The standards
supporting swing frame are made adjustable vertically so as to regulate the
distance between the aprons. The said swing bars and standards are connected
by adjusting braces, perforated with a series of holes for the passage of bults,
by means of which the swing frame and the upper apron passing around it
may be adjusted to any inclination desirable, and so allowing a graduation of
the distance between the aprons, increasing it toward the induction rollers
and diminishing it in the opposite direction. The cylinders perform the double
function of pressing the pulp down against the lower apron, and dipping up
and discharging through their hollow bearings the water expressed from the
pulp, for which end these cylinders are hollow and formed of longitudinal
rods covered with wire cloth or wound wire, and have in their interiors a
number of dippers traversing their length, said dippers crossing each other
at their axis, and curved at their outer margins in the direction of their
revolutions. The upper wire apron is made somewhat narrower than the
lower, and on each side of the latter rests an inverted box extending the
whole length of the apron, and the transverse space between the boxes being
about that of the width of the upper apron, allows the passage of the latter.
These boxes I denominate deckle boxes, as the ordinary deckle strap runs
through them from end to end and over pulleys in the usual manner. These
'deckle boxes are absolutely essential to the machinery I am describing, for

page_text: the purpose of confining the pulp closely, the deckle straps, which are too thin
for said purpose, running inside serve to keep tight the crack at the bottom
of the boxes. In order to keep the deckle strap close up to its work I
employ a suitable number of rollers pressing against its outer edge, which
are adjustable out or in by means of nuts, or in any equivalent manner. It
may be desirable to use similar rollers above the strap to hold it down to its
work. The web of board formed by the apparatus described passes over
the ordinary suction boxes to a large roller. At a suitable angle to bear
directly against the face of this roller without sagging the apron is a coucher
having its bearings in arms at each end, and made soft by a covering of
felt or other suitable material. Around this coucher passes a felt, upward
and forward obliquely, around a small roller; thence backward and upward
between the first press, consisting of large rollers, and downwards into a wash
tank, where it is cleaned by an ordinary felt beater; thence upward around
rollers to a hanger, through which it passes, and then down around rollers
to the coucher again. The web of board adhering to this felt passes up
between the first press, when the upper roller takes it off and it is carried
over a small roller, thence down between the second press, consisting of
rollers similar to the first, and between which runs a felt around a system of
rolls. The upper rollers of the first and second press are adjusted to bear
more or less heavily by a system of levers operated by weights.
This arrangement of the first and second press is also particularly applicable
to paper making. Beneath the roller contiguous to the coucher is situated
a box having a brush wheel, which removes such refuse pulp as adheres to
the wire in passing around the roller, and deposits it in said box. From the
second press the web passes to the drying apparatus, which is a direct
continuation of the machine described. A series of ordinary drying cylinders
is employed, between which the web passes, having a felt for holding it up
against the bottom cylinders, which felt passes around carrying rolls. Calender
rollers are employed above the upper cylinders. From the drying cylinders
the web passes forward over a roller near two calender rollers, thence between
these last, and thence over a hollow steam table. Above this table are arranged
upon the table, and having
a series of calender rollers which press the web
a motion greater than that of the web beneath serve to glaze its surface.
Another or a succession of steam tables may be employed, with calender
rollers arranged in like manner.