IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANU-. PROVISIONAL SPATION
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Cardwell Robinson, of No. 1, Avenham
Terrace, Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounder, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANU-.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Cardwell
Robinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 4th March 1875.
I, RICHARD CARDWELL ROBINSON, of No. 1, Avenham Terrace,
Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounder, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND
APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SOCKETTED PIPES FROM CLAY OR OTHER PLASTIC
MATERIAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the mode of and
apparatus for manufacturing socketted pipes from clay or other plastic
material. With the dies or moulds at present in use for this purpose

page_text: the air which gathers therein during the formation of the socket is
allowed to escape absolutely. Now my Invention consists, first, in the
employment of the elastic force of the air displaced and compressed in
the die or mould by the entering clay for the purpose of assisting in the
removal of the socket part of the pipe from the die; and, secondly, in
the application and use for this purpose of wire netting in conjunction
with wire gauze for the lining of the die.
In carrying out my Invention I line that part of the die where the
air mostly accumulates with two or more thicknesses of wire netting of
different or the same mesh, and I stretch over them a covering of wire
gauze. The coarsest netting is laid upon the shoulder of the die, which
shoulder may be made of wood or of metal at discretion. The next
finer or second netting is laid over the coarser netting above mentioned.
The gauzo, which is of a mesh sufficiently fine to provent the passage of
clay through it, is laid over the second netting, which covers the
coarsest netting, the gauze thus coming next to the clay.
The action of the dio is as follows:-The balanced table which carries
the core of the socket is held fast in its position by suitable means
during the time the socket is being formed by the pressure of the piston
upon the clay in the dic. During that time the air in the die is forced
inwards through the gauze and among the meshes of the two thicknesses
of wire netting, where, having no means of escape, it is held under
compression by the clay in the dic. Meanwhile the clay in the dic is
subject to two pressures, namely, one given by the piston in tho
cylinder, the other by the compressed air acting through the meshes of
the gauze, the pressure given by the piston having always the greater
power. At the moment when the balanced table begins to descend for
the purpose of allowing the parallel part of the pipe to be made, the
compressed air in its outward spring or rebound through the meshes of
the gauze presses upon the shoulder of the newly formed socket, and
thereby very materially assists in the casy and clean release of the socket
from the die.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Richard Cardwell Robinson in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 27th August 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
CARDWELL ROBINSON, of No. 1, Avenham Terrace, Preston, in the
County of Lancaster, Ironfounder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Richard Cardwell Robinson, Her
special license that I, the said Richard Cardwell Robinson, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Richard Cardwell Robinson, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS
FOR MANUFACTURING SOCKETTED PIPES FROM CLAY OR OTHER PLASTIC MATERIAL,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Cardwell
Robinson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Cardwell Robinson, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, and the two Sheets of
Drawings therein referred to (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the mode of and
apparatus for manufacturing socketted pipes from clay or other plastic

page_text: material. With the dies or moulds at present in use for this purpose
the air which gathers therein during the formation of the socket is
allowed to escape absolutely, and the arrangements for its return on
the movement of the moulded socket taking place are such that the air
is only admitted to the shoulder of the socket partially and at inter-
mediate places, and the spaces between those places having no supply
of air are liable to cause the formation of partial vacuum and consequent
damage to those parts of the socket which are in contact with them.
Now my Invention consists, first, in the employment of the clastic force
of the air displaced and compressed in the die or mould by the entering
clay for the purpose of assisting in the removal of the socket part of the
-pipe from the dye; and, secondly, in the application and usc for this
purpose of wire netting in conjunction with wiro gauze for the lining of
the die....
In carrying out my Invention I line that part of the die where the
air mostly accumulates with two or more thicknesses of wire notting of
different or the same mesh, and I stretch over them a covering of wire
.gauze. The coarsest netting is laid upon the shoulder of the die, which
shoulder may be made of wood or of metal at discretion. The next
finer or second netting is laid over the coarser netting above mentioned.
The gauze, which is of a mesh sufficiently fine to prevent the passage of
clay through it, is laid over the second netting which covers the coarsest
netting, the gauze thus coming next to the clay.
The action of the die is as follows:-The balanced table which carries
the core of tho socket is held fast in its position by suitable means
during the time the socket is being formed by the pressure of the piston
upon the clay in the die. During that time the air in the die is forced
inwards through the gauze and among the meshes of the two thicknesses
of wire netting, where, having no means of escape, it is held under
compression by the clay in the dic. Meanwhile the clay in the die is a
subject to two pressures, namely, one given by the piston in the cylinder,
the other by the compressed air acting through the meshes of the gauze,
the pressure given by the piston having always the greater power. At
the moment when the balanced table begins to descend for the purpose
of allowing the parallel part of the pipe to be made the compressed air 8
in its outward spring or rebound through the meshes of the gauze,

page_text: presses upon the shoulder of the newly formed socket, and thereby very
materially assists in the casy and clean release of the socket from
the dic.
The accompanying Drawings illustrate the modo in which I prefer

page_text: as described in facilitating the removal of the socket part of the pipe
from the die.
3. The lining of the die with wire netting and gauze.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Cardwell Robinson, have
hercunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.