Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Pipes and Tubes.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Pipes and Tubes.
I, JAMES ROWE, of Ridgeland, County of Cook, State of Illinois, United States
of America, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to a novel construction of lined tubing and in the process
of making same, the object being to provide lined tubing which is very true,
cheap and durable and to provide a process by which such tubing can be made as
desired at very small expense and with great rapidity
Said lined tubing consists of two concentric tubes of different diameters, said
diameters varying sufficiently to leave an annular space between said tubes when
placed in their relative positions, one within the other. After being placed in
such position the annular space between said tubes is filled with a cement which
is introduced in a fluid or viscous condition and subsequently sets or hardens, thus
holding said tubes in their relative positions and very materially strengthening
same.
The process of making said lined tubing consists in inserting into the smaller
tube a true cylindrical mandrel which fits snugly therein. Said smaller tubo
with its mandrel, is then inserted in the larger tube and centered therein pre-
ferably by means of set screws passing through the outer and bearing against
the inner tube.
A
After being so centered, said tubes are placed in a frame constructed to receive
them, and one end of the annular space closed by means of a collar, while the
other end of the annular space is fitted to the end of a cylinder containing the
liquid or viscous cement which is to be introduced into said annular space.
plunger in said cylinder, which is operated by devices adapted to force same at
very high pressure, is then set in motion to force said cement into said annular
space, the air therein being simultaneously forced out through a small opening
adjacent the rear end of the outer tube. As soon as said cement has reached said
last named opening, the latter is closed by a screw plug, the plunger remaining
stationary during this operation. After said opening has been plugged said
plunger is again moved forward under enormous pressure which is obviously
communicated to said cement in said annular space. This pressure must be great
enough to contract the inner tube so that every part of its inner face is in close
contact with said mandrel, thereby obviously making said tube a true cylinder.
After the desired pressure is attained the same is maintained and heat applied
to the end portions of the outer tube, thereby causing the cement at these points
to set at once and thereby maintain the pressure in the intermediate portion of
the annular space. This enables me to withdraw the plunger, thus releasing the
pressure in the cylinder, and also to clean said cylinder before the cement therein
becomes set. The remaining cement in said annular space is then allowed to set,
which requires about twelve hours, and thereafter the mandrel is forced out.
lined tube thus formed is then polished interiorly, thus forming an absolutely
true cylinder which is adapted to be used for moulds for printers' rollers, for
The

page_text: pump and engine cylinders, and for various other purposes for which true cylinders
are required.
The filling which I now employ consists of a composition of litharge and
glycerine which is particularly adapted for this purpose. I do not, however, limit
myself to this particular composition as others equally adapted to the purpose
may be found.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Pipes and Tubes.
I, JAMES ROWE, of Ridgeland, County of Cook, State of Illinois, United States
of America, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to a novel construction of tubing and the process of making
same, the object being to provide lined tubing which will be perfectly true and
will hold its shape and to provide a simple and efficient process of making same,
and consists in the features of construction of the tubing and in the steps of the
process hereinafter fully described and claimed.
In the accompanying drawings illustrating tubing constructed in accordance
with my invention and a machine for carrying out my process:
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a tube constructed in accordance with my
invention.
Fig. 2 is a top plan view of a machine for carrying out my process of making
the tubing shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the machine on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal section of the machine on the line 4-4 of
Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a transverse section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a transverse section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 4.
The tubing hereinafter described is designed principally for casting printers'
rollers, for which purpose an absolutely true tube is required and one that will
retain its shape. Heretofore brass tubing has been used for this purpose, but
this is objectionable, for the reason that the tubing is seldom perfectly true and,
therefore, made it very difficult to withdraw the roller from the mould after it
was cast and frequently fractured the surface of the roller, thereby making it
useless.
To overcome these and other objections I have provided tubing which consists
of an outer tube 1, which may be of iron or any other cheap material and used
in an unfinished condition, a tube 2 of brass or other non-corrosive metal, of
smaller diameter than said tube 1 and a filling 3 in the annular space between
the tubes 1 and 2, consisting preferably of a cement introduced in a plastic con-
dition under high pressure and allowed to harden while under such pressure.
The cement which I prefer to use consists of a mixture of litharge and glycerine.
A tube thus constructed is extremely firm and at the same time comparatively
light. The inner tube 2 is preferably of less thickness than the outer tube 1, but
sufficiently thick to give it firmness. As before stated, this tubing is generally

page_text: not quite true. This defect I remedy in the process of manufacture which I will
now describe.
My process consists, first, in inserting a mandrel 4 into the inner tube 2, such
mandrel being turned on a lathe to form a true cylinder whose diameter coincides
as nearly as possible with the inside diameter of the tube. The said mandrel 4
and tube 2 are then inserted in the outer tube 1 and centered therein in any suit-
able manner, though in the instance illustrated I have shown same centered by
means of screws 5 passing through the outer and bearing against the inner tube.
The tube 1 is of greater inner diameter than the outer diameter of the tube 2 so
as to leave an annular space
6 between said tubes. The same are
then mounted in a suitable frame and one end of the annular space 6
closed by means of a collar 7 fitting over a projecting end of the mandrel 4, and
the other end of the annular space 6 is connected with a suitable device for feed-
ing a filling into the same under high pressure, it being essential and part of my
process that the filling be introduced and compressed to such a degree that the
tube 2 will be contracted thereby so as to fit closely upon the mandrel 4, thus
insuring a true cylindrical form for said inner tube. Another feature of my
process consists in providing a filling which is introduced in fluid or viscous
condition and subsequently hardens and which when hard, will withstand high
temperature. I am now using a mixture of litharge and glycerine which has
all the properties I desire. Another step of my process consists in applying heat
adjacent the ends of the outer tube after the filling has been introduced, whereby
said filling at said ends is caused to harden more rapidly than the remaining
filling thus enabling me to remove the device for introducing said filling and
remove the filling still remaining therein before same hardens. The said tubes
are then allowed to rest in said frame until the entire filling has become set,
when the mandrel 4 is forced out, thus leaving a true, lined tube which is sub-
sequently polished interiorly. The screws 5 are also removed or cut down flush
with the outer tube 1. If removed the openings left thereby are filled with said
filling.
I do not limit myself to the particular filling above described as any filling
having like properties will answer my purpose.
The machine herein shown, and which I will now proceed to fully describe, is
particularly adapted for carrying out my process, though I desire it to be under-
stood that numerous other constructions could be designed which would answer
my purpose equally as well.
Mounted at their ends in standards or supports 8 and 9 are two parallel hori-
zontal beams 10 provided at intervals between their ends with openings 11 adapted
to receive keys or stops 12. A collar 13 mounted upon rollers 14 running upon
said beams 10 is adapted to rest against said keys or stops 12 and thus held against
movement in one direction. Said collar 13 is provided with a central opening 15
and an annular groove or recess 16 surrounding same which is adapted to form a
seat to receive and hold said collar 7 in place. Carriages 17 and 18 also running
on rollers are mounted upon said beams 10 and are adapted to receive the tubes 1.
and 2 and mandrel 4 and also a cylinder 19 which will be hereinafter described to
hold same centered between said beams 10 and with relation to said collar 13.
Said carriages 17 and 18 consist of U-shaped frames depending from their rollers,
the curves of the lower ends of same having a radius coinciding with the radius
of the largest outer tube intended to be mounted in said machine. When tubes of
less radius are to be mounted in said machine, flanged semicircular castings 20
are mounted in said U-shaped frames thus reducing the radius thereof in
accordance with the smaller radius of the tube.
Said carriage 17 supports the forward end of the tube 1 while the carriage 18
supports the farthest end of the cylinder 19, which is connected with said tube 1 by
means of a sleeve 21 fitting partially over said cylinder 19 and partially over said
tube 1, the ends of said cylinder and tube abutting against an interior annular
shoulder 22 in said sleeve 21.
'

page_text: }
A plunger 23 is mounted in said cylinder 19 and is actuated by means of a
screw piston rod 24 mounted in the support or plane 9 and slightly keyed therein,
and receiving its reciprocation motion from a worm wheel 25 mounted thereon
which forms a nut and is driven from a worm 26 on the drive shaft 27 journalled
in the bearings 28 in said frame 9 and at its other end in a bearing 29 on the bed
plate 30 of said frame 9. Said shaft 27 carries fast and loose pulleys 31 and 32
from the first of which it receives its motion.
After the tubes have been mounted in said machine and likewise the cylinder 19
filled and mounted, the shaft 27 is set in motion and, through the medium of the
above described gearing, the screw piston-rod 24 is turned and slowly moves
into said cylinder 19 where it bears against the plunger 23 and forces same toward
the delivery end, thereby forcing the filling contained therein into the annular
space 6 between said tubes 2 and I under enormous pressure. A small opening 33
is bored in said outer tube 1 adjacent its rear end through which the air in said
annular space 6 is exhausted and through which the filling subsequently oozes
when said annular space has been filled. As soon as said filling begins to ooze
out of said opening 33, the machine is stopped and said opening plugged by a
screw. The machine is then again set in motion and by the strain on the belt
driving said pulley 31 it can be readily detected when sufficient pressure is
applied. Said shaft 27 is then thrown out of gear and gas jets 34 adjacent the
ends of the tube 1 are lighted, thus applying heat to said ends of said tube where-
by the adjacent filling is caused to set or harden very quickly. By means of a
pulley 35 on said shaft 27, said piston rod is then reversed and withdrawn from
said cylinder 19 and the latter removed and cleaned. After the filling in the
entire annular space 6 has set, the piston rod is again moved forward until it
bears against the mandrel 4 and the latter is thereby forced out of the tube 2
in an obvious manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A tube comprising two concentric tubes having an annular space between
them, and a filling in said annular space.
2. A tube comprising two concentric tubes having an annular space between
them, and a cement filling in said annular space.
3. A tube comprising two concentric tubes having an annular space between
them, said annular space being filled with cement consisting of litharge and
glycerine:
4. A tube comprising an outer unfinished tube, a concentric inner tube, and
an annular space between said tubes adapted to receive a filling.
5. A tube comprising an outer tube, a tube within the same, an annular space
between said tubes, and a compressed filling in said annular space.
6. A tube comprising an outer tube, a tube within the same, an annular space
between said tubes, and a compressed cement filling in said annular space.
7. The process of making lined tubing which consists in inserting a mandrel
within a tube, mounting said tube and mandrel concentrically in an outer tube
so as to leave an annular space between said tubes, introducing a filling into
said annular space under pressure and allowing same to harden, and subsequently
removing the mandrel from said inner tube, said inner tube remaining as the
lining of the tubing.
8. The process of making lined tubing which consists in mounting two tubes
concentrically, one within the other so as to leave an annular space between the
same, introducing a filling into said annular space under pressure, and causing
same to harden by the application of heat while under said pressure.
9. The process of making line tubing which consists in inserting a mandrel
within a tube, mounting said tube and mandrel concentrically in an outer tube
se as to leave an annular space between said tube, introducing a filling into said

page_text: annular space under pressure sufficient to contract said inner tube upon said
mandrel, permitting said filling to harden, and subsequently removing said
mandrel, said inner tube remaining as the lining of said tubing.
10. The process of making lined tubing which consists in mounting two tubes
concentrically, one within the other so as to leave an annular space between the
same, introducing a filling in plastic condition into said annular space, and
allowing said filling to harden.
11. The process of making lined tubing which consists in inserting a mandrel
with a tube, mounting said tube and mandrel concentrically in an outer tube
so as to leave an annular space between said tubes, introducing a filling in plastic
condition into said annular space under pressure sufficient to contract said inner
tube upon said mandrel to true said tube, causing said filling to harden, and
subsequently removing said mandrel, said inner tube remaining as the lining of
said tubing, substantially as described.
20 11
1000
HTT
1030.
JAMES ROWE.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.