AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF MECHANICAL KNEADING TROUGH APPLICABLE TO THE BAKING OF BREAD
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Chiris, of Marseille, Department of the
Bouches-du-Rhône, in the Republic of France, Merchant, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF MECHANICAL KNEADING TROUGH
APPLICABLE TO THE BAKING OF BREAD."
Sealed the 6th June 1873, and dated the 12th December 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Chiris at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th December 1872.
I, LOUIS CHIRIS, of Marseille, Department of the Bouches-du-Rhône,
in the Republic of France, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF MECHANICAL KNEADING
TROUGH APPLICABLE TO THE BAKING OF BREAD," to be as follows :-
Many kinds of kneading machines have been tried, but hitherto not
one of them has been generally adopted by bakers by reason of their
difficult management and the little economy afforded. I have therefore
sought to make a kneading machine uniting easy management with
saving of labour, while at the same time permitting the making of
both hard or stiff, and soft or thin dough or paste; and I have so far
succeeded in attaining this object that a single workman can manage
at one time six kneaders, made according to my Invention, and may
make in one hour 12 batches of bread of the best kind.

page_text: On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing forming part of this Pro-
visional Specification Figure 1 is an elevation of a kneading machine
embodying my Invention; Figure 2 is a top plan view of same.
Figure 3 is an elevation shewing a modification thereof; and Figure 4
is a top plan view of the machine shown Figure 3.
The kneader shown, Figs. 1 and 2, is arranged for kncading hard or
stiff dough or paste.
A is a circular trough made to rotate around the fixed support B by
means of the pinion N on the shaft M. Outside this trough is a screw C,
the object of which is to put the flour to paste, that is to say, to mix the
water with the flour. This screw only works at intervals until the
water and the flour are thoroughly combined and the paste formed. For
this purpose the screw shaft is provided with the catch or clutch R so
that it may be alternately thrown in and out of gear, and the screw
be thereby stopped or set working. At the bottom of the trough is a
transverse obstacle intended to catch the paste and cause it to agglome-
rate beneath the cylinder D, which is armed, with teeth to draw, work,
and cut up the paste or dough. This cylinder D is also set in motion
by the shaft M by means of the two straight or spur wheels O, P. Two
fixed racks of teeth, separators or combs E, F, placed facing the cylinder
also serve to cut and draw the paste as fast as the cylinder D taking it
from the obstacle in the trough brings it into the teeth of the racks.
In order to prevent any loss arising from the adhesion of paste to the
screw or cylinder shaft, or even its escape from the trough, I use three
stuffing box glands G, G¹, G", intended to keep it in the trough. The
gland G carries a large guard H of galvanized sheet iron, which by
resting on the inner surface of the trough and by its regulated height
mainly keeps the agitated paste from leaving the cylinder.
Lastly, I have arranged a large cap I so as to protect the screw,
by taking into the guard J prevent all evaporation.
and
Figures 3 and 4 show a modification of this kneader adapting it for
making soft or thin paste. This modification consists in substituting in
lieu of the cylinder D a cutter L which serves mainly to draw and work
the paste; further, the screw instead of only serving to mix the water
with the flour also assists in the working, in puffing the paste and
giving it suppleness.

page_text: As to the movement, it is reduced to the simplest, it remains the
same as far as the wheel P which transmits the motion to the screw C
and cutter L by means of the pinion T and bevel wheels V, one of which
has a catch or clutch for stopping it when required. Thus in the
kneader for stiff paste the power is communicated by the shaft M to
the trough A. by the two straight or spur wheels O, P; whereas for the
soft paste the screw performing less fatiguing work than for the stiff
paste, instead of being supported at S has its axle fixed in the nave of
the wheel P and stuffing box gland G".
In order that the workman may ascertain the working of the paste,
an indicator X is applied to the kneader to give the number of rotations
made by the trough, and guide him in the kneading.
Finally, two cocks ✗* serve to feed the kneader with the warm and
cold water necessary to the making of the paste.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Louis Chiris in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th June 1878.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOUIS
CHIRIS, of Marseille, Department of the Bouches-du-Rhône, in the
Republic of France, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two,
in the thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Louis Chiris, Her
special licence that I, the said Louis Chiris, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Louis Chiris,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF MECHANICAL KNEADING TROUGH APPLICABLE TO THE
BAKING OF BREAD," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the

page_text: said Louis Chiris, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Louis Chiris, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :--
Many kinds of kneading machines have been tried, but hitherto not
one of them has been generally adopted by bakers by reason of their
difficult management and the little economy afforded. I have therefore
sought to make a kneading machine uniting easy management with
saving of labour, while at the same time permitting the making of
both hard or stiff, and soft or thin dough or paste; and I have so far
succeeded in attaining this object, that a single workman can manage at
one time six kneaders made according to my Invention, and may make
in one hour 12 batches of bread of the best kind.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing Figure 1 is an elevation of a
kneading machine embodying my Invention; Figure 2 is a. top plan
view of same.
Figure 3 is an elevation shewing a modification thereof; and Figure 4
is a top plan view of the machine shown Fig. 3.
The kneader shown, Figures 1 and 2, is arranged for kneading hard or
stiff dough or paste.
A is a circular trough made to rotate around the fixed support B by
means of the pinion N on the shaft M. Outside this trough is a screw C,
the object of which is to put the flour to paste, that is to say, to mix the
water with the flour. This screw only works at intervals until the
water and the flour are thoroughly combined and the paste formed. For
this purpose the screw shaft is provided with the catch or clutch R so
that it may be alternately thrown in and out of gear, and the screw
be thereby stopped or set working. At the bottom of the trough is a
transverse obstacle intended to catch the paste and cause it to agglomc-

page_text: rate beneath the cylinder D, which is armed with teeth to draw, work,
and cut up the paste or dough. This cylinder D is also set in motion
by the shaft M by means of the two straight or spur wheels O, P.
Two fixed racks of teeth, separators, or combs E, F, placed facing the
cylinder also serve to cut and draw the paste as fast as the cylinder D,
taking it from the obstacle in the trough, brings it into the teeth of the
racks.
In order to prevent any loss arising from the adhesion of paste to the
screw or cylinder shaft, or even its escape from the trough, I use three
stuffing box glands G, G¹, G", intended to keep it in the trough. The
gland G carries a large guard H of galvanized sheet iron, which by
resting on the inner surface of the trough, and by its regulated height
mainly keeps the agitated paste from leaving the cylinder.
Lastly, I have arranged a large cap I so as to protect the screw, and
by taking into the guard J prevent all evaporation.
Figures 3 and 4 show a modification of this kneader adapting it for
making soft or thin paste. This modification consists in substituting in
lieu of the cylinder D, a cutter L, which serves mainly to draw and work
the paste; further, the screw instead of only serving to mix the water
with the flour also assists in the working, in puffing the paste and
giving it suppleness.
As to the movement it. is reduced to the simplest, it remains the same
as far as the wheel P which transmits the motion to the screw C and
cutter L by means of the pinion T and bevel wheels V, one of which
has a catch or clutch for stopping it when required. Thus in the
kneader for stiff paste the power is communicated by the shaft M to the
trough A by means of the pinion A', and to the cylinder D by the two
straight or spur wheels O, P; whereas for the soft paste the screw
performing less fatiguing work than for the stiff paste, instead of being
supported at S has its axle fixed in the nave of the wheel P and
stuffing box gland G".
In order that the workman may ascertain the working of the paste,
an indicator X is applied to the kneader to give the number of rotations
made by the trough, and guide him in the kneading.
Finally, two cocks X' serve to feed the kneader with the warm and
cold water necessary to the making of the paste.

page_text: Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is or may be performed, I would have it
understood that I do not limit myself to the use of any particular
material in the construction of my improved kneading trough, nor
confine myself to any particular dimensions of parts, or to the precise
details herein-before set forth, as such may be varied while retaining the
essential characteristics of my Invention, and that I claim as secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent.
Firstly. The use of the cylinder D furnished with teeth which work
the dough or paste by the aid of the two fixed racks E, F, substantially
as herein-before set forth.
Secondly. The use of the stuffing box glands G, G¹, G", for the
purpose of preventing any escape of the dough or flour, substantially as
herein-before set forth.
Thirdly. The use of the guard H, substantially as and for the purpose
herein-before set forth.
Fourthly. The use of the cap I, in combination with the guard J to
prevent evaporation of the flour, substantially as herein-before set forth.
Fifthly. The use of the cutter L replacing the cylinder D for making
soft or thin paste or dough, substantially as herein-before set forth.
Sixthly. The use of straight instead of oblique toothed gearing, sub-
stantially as herein-before set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Chiris, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
GEORGES ROMBI.
JEAN BAPTISTE GIRARD.
LOUIS CHIRIS. (L.s.)