Improvements in Apparatus for Exhausting, Propelling, or Inducing Currents in Air or other Fluids.
Year: 1894

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after 'Amend-
ment (under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883) as allowed by the decision
of the Comptroller General of the 27th day of October 1898.
Date of Application, 20th Dec., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 19th Sept., 1895-Accepted, 2nd Nov., 1895
Improvements in Apparatus for Exhausting, Propelling, or
Inducing Currents in Air or other Fluids.
We, CHRISTOPHER WILLIAM JAMES, of South View, Potternewton Lane, Chapel
Allerton, in the City of Leeds, Engineer, and GEORGE WATSON, of 2, Woodsley
Terrace, in the said City, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:
:-
Our invention relates to apparatus for exhausting propelling or inducing currents
in air or other fluids by means of a motive jet of steam or other fluid and its object
is to provide a more efficient method of varying the size and motive force of the jét.
In carrying out our invention we cause the motive fluid (whether steam or other-
wise) to issue in the form of a jet having a flat or rectangular or approximately flat or
rectangular cross section from an orifice of which the size or capacity can be varied at
will either in width or in depth or in both ways at the same time. This variation of
size may be effected in various ways for example:-
I. The nozzle may be formed of elastic material such for instance as sheet steel so
disposed that two of its opposite sides may be compressed and brought nearer
together and thus increase the length whilst reducing the thickness of the jet.
II. Two sides of this orifice may be rigid and two adjustable so that two of the
sides may be brought nearer together or further apart and the size of the motive jet
be diminshed or increased in one direction only.
III. Three sides of the orifice may be rigid and one adjustable.
IV. Two of the sides of the orifice may be made of elastic material such for instance
as steel tubing so that when the other two sides of the orifice are brought nearer
together they cause the first mentioned two sides to bend inwards and thereby
reduce the width of the jet as well as its thickness and the necessary adjustments
may be conveniently effected by means of a wedge and screw or other suitable and
well known device.
The form which we prefer to give to the orifice is what is commonly known as a
narrow slit the object being to cause the issuing or motive jet to be of a thin flat
shape thus ensuring that it shall have in proportion to its sectional area a large
surface of contact with the fluid to be acted upon. And in combination with this form
of orifice we make the tube or trumpet into or through which the fluid to be acted
upon is to be drawn driven or admitted preferably of a flat or rectangular or approxi-
mately flat or rectangular cross section but it should be so shaped longitudinally (that
is to say in the direction of flow) that variations of cross sectional area or of direction

page_text: take place gradually so that it may offer little resistance to the passage of the fluid to
be moved or propelled whilst at the same time bringing such fluid into close contact
with the motive jet.
We also prefer to make the nozzle or orifice itself of a curved shape in longitudinal
section in order that little resistance may be offered to the issuing jet but we do not
confine ourselves to this particular form. Nor do we confine ourselves to the use of
one jet at one time our invention being applicable to multiple jets arranged either in
parallel or in series.
D11041 1. n
1904
Improvements in Apparatus for Exhausting, Propelling, or
Inducing Currents in Air or other Fluids.
We, CHRISTOPHER William James, of South View, Potternewton Lane, Chapel
Allerton, in the City of Leeds, Engineer, and GEORGE WATSON, formerly of 2, Woodsley
Terrace, but now of 21, Springfield Mount, in the said City, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
-
Our invention relates to apparatus for exhausting propelling or inducing currents
in air or other fluids by means of a motive jet of steam or other fluid and
to methods of varying the size and motive force of the jet, by causing the
motive fluid (whether steam or otherwise) to issue in the form of a jet, having a
flat or rectangular or approximately flat or rectangular cross section from an orifice
of which the size or capacity can be varied at will either in width or depth or in
both ways at the same time."
We
The form which we prefer to give to the before mentioned adjustable orifice is
what is commonly known as a narrow slit the object being to cause the issuing or
motive jet to be of a thin flat shape thus ensuring that it shall have in proportion to
its sectional area a large surface of contact with the fluid to be acted upon.
also make the tube or trumpet into or through which the fluid to be acted upon
is to be drawn driven or admitted preferably of a flat or rectangular or approximately
flat or rectangular cross section, but it should be so shaped or curved longitudinally
(that is to say, in the direction of flow) that variations of cross section or of form
or direction take place gradually so that it may offer little resistance to the passage
of the fluid to be moved or propelled whilst at the same time bringing such fluid
into close contact with the motive jet.
We prefer also to make the nozzle or orifice itself of a curved shape in
longitudinal section in order that little resistance may be offered to the issuing jet,
but we do not confine ourselves to this form. Nor do we confine ourselves to the
use of one jet at one time, our invention being applicable to multiple jets arranged
either in parallel or in series.
The variation of the size or capacity of the jet may be effected in various ways.
It may be done (1) by making three sides of the orifice rigid and one moveable, or
(2) by making two sides rigid and two moveable or (3) by making all four sides
moveable.
And each of these different ways is capable of variation in the method by which
it is to be carried out.

page_text: In the following description and in the accompanying drawings we have described
in Figures 1 to 9 three kinds of improved nozzles; in Figures 10 to 17 two
kinds of improved nozzle, and in Figures 18 to 21 another kind.
For convenience we think it better to deal separately with the several improved
nozeles to which this onenification refers, and which we classify as above.
I. BY MAKING THREE SIDES RIGID AND ONE MOVEABLE.
Figures 1 to 5 Sheet 1 exhibit one form of nozzle constructed on this plan and
the same letter in each of these figures refers to the same part but not necessarily
to the same part in other figures describing alternative forms or alternative methods
hereinafter described.
Figure 1 is a back end elevation Figure 2 a side elevation Figure 3 a sectional
elevation Figure 4 a sectional plan and Figure 5 a front end elevation.
In this form of nozzle the three sides A B C of the orifice O are made rigid and
the side D adjustable. The body E of the nozzle is formed by drawing down a piece
of tube so as to present at one end a flat or rectangular or approximately flat or rect-
angular cross section as shown in Figures 3 and 4 but we avoid completely closing
up the orifice O whilst drawing down the said tube by placing in the orifice a piece
of steel or other plate of the thickness required. for the maximum opening of which
we desire the orifice to be capable. The sides of the tube are then sawn or otherwise
cut away from the orifice O to a point F so as to form two jaws A and D and the ends
of the cuts or slits are preferably made round at the point F to avoid any tendency
to fracture of the metal at that point.
•
The flat end of the nozzle is then enclosed by means of a box or sleeve G which
fits accurately on the sides B and C of the jaws A and D and is secured to the lower
jaw A by means of screws or brazing or other convenient method.
The sides B
and C of the box or sleeve G thus form two of the rigid sides of the orifice O and
the lower jaw A which is secured to the box or sleeve G as aforesaid forms the third
of the three rigid sides. The joint at H between the box or sleeve G and the body
E is made good by brazing soldering or other well known means so that if any portion
of the motive fluid should by chance leak past hetween the sides of the jaws A and D
and the sides of the box G at the points B and C such fluid cannot escape in a reverse
direction to the main jet of fluid. I is a short lever attached firmly to the upper
jaw D of the orifice by screws or other well known means. The lever I is attached
at its upper end by a pin K to a rod J. The rod J is capable of being pushed forward
or drawn back by a nut L which passes through a bracket M attached firmly to the
body E of the nozzle by brazing screws or other well known device. The said nut L
is retained in position and prevented from coming out of the hole in the bracket M
by means of a collar N firmly attached to the nut L by a pin or other well known
means. But instead of wing nuts as here shown double nuts may be used as shown
in Figure 6. The rod J is screwed for a portion of its length to fit the nut L. Thus
it will be seen that if the rod J be screwed with what is known as a
right hand
thread" then upon turning the nut L in a direction contrary to the hands of a watch,
the rod J and lever I will be pushed forward and the end of the upper jaw D will be
forced downwards towards the lower jaw A (the jaw D bending or springing at or
near the point F) and the size of the orifice will be thus diminished whilst by
turning the nut L in the same direction as the hands of a watch the rod J and
lever I will be drawn back and the end of the jaw D will be drawn upwards towards
its former position bending taking place at or near the point F as aforesaid, and the
size of the orifice will be thus increased.
"
Figures 6 and 7 exhibit a modified form of construction wherein the motion of the
jaw is obtained by means of a wedge and screw. Figure 6 is a longitudinal section
and Figure 7 a plan of a nozzle whose body E is constructed by drawing down a tube
and splitting it as above described. The same reference letters refer to the same
parts in both these figures as well as in Figures 1 to 5.

page_text: The nozzle is enclosed as before by a box or sleeve G but in this case the box or
sleeve is made of a suitable form to receive a wedge I attached to or forming part of
the rod J. The rod J bears at its other end a screw upon which work the nuts L L
one upon each side of the bracket M so that by turning these nuts so as to make
them press upon or retire from the faces of the bracket M the rod J and wedge I
may he pushed forward or drawn back and the upper jaw D be thereby forced down
towards the lower jaw A or allowed to spring back therefrom. But we do not confine
ourselves to double nuts as shown in Figure 6. Wing nuts may be used made as
herein before described and as shown in Figure 1. In this particular method of
carrying out our invention we depend upon the elasticity of the metal of which the
jaw D is composed to cause it to spring back after it has been compressed, neverthe-
less the springing back of the jaw D will be assisted to some extent by the fluid
pressure inside the nozzle.
In making nozzles according to our invention from a tube as aforesaid we do not
confine ourselves to the use of tube having a circular section, but we may use tube
having an oval square rectangular or any other section which may from time to time
appear suitable and we may make the bodies of the said nozzles of the required shape
by casting pressing or otherwise instead of by drawing them down from a circular or
other form as aforesaid. Nor do we confine ourselves to making the body of the
nozzle in one piece. It may be built up of several pieces.
Another form of construction is shown in Figures 8 and 9 Sheet 2 of the drawings
wherein Figure 8 is a longitudinal section and Figure 9 a front end elevation. The
same reference letters refer to the same parts in both these figures, but not in other
figures.
In Figures 8 and 9 of the body E of the nozzle is shewn of a form adapted for casting
in any suitable metal and is provided with an aperture P in this case at the side
screwed to receive a pipe whereby the motive fluid is supplied to the nozzle. The
three sides A B C of the orifice are rigid and the side D is adjustable. The
jaws A and D of the orifice are formed of plates of a hard material such for instance
as hardened or tempered steel of which the one plate A is rigidly attached to the
body E by screws or otherwise and the other plate D is also rigidly attached to
the body E for a portion of its length, but for the remainder of its length
namely from the point F to the orifice O it is free to bend or spring by its own
elasticity but under the control at the same time of the adjusting mechanism
about to be described.
The sides B C of the orifice O are formed by the body E of the nozzle and the
plates or jaws A D are well fitted between the sides B C so as to prevent the escape
of the motive fluid otherwise than through the orifice O. The adjustment of the
jaw D is effected by means of a wedge I which is retained in place and caused to
press upon the jaw D by means of a well known device consisting of two wedge
shaped guide pieces G G which are fitted to the wedge I and fastened to the body E
by means of screws or otherwise and the wedge I is pushed forward or drawn back by
means of a screw J which passes through a nut M attached rigidly to the body E by
means of a set screw Qor otherwise and which screw J is provided with a head L
which fits into a recess in the wedge I prepared to receive it in such a manner
(supposing the screw J to be a right hand screw) that when the screw J is turned in
the direction of the hands of a watch (which can be done by applying a key to the
square end R) the screw J travels forward and pushes the wedge I forward and so
presses the jaw D towards the jaw A and thus the size of the orifice O is diminished
-and when the screw J is turned in the opposite direction it travels backward and
draws the wedge I backward and so releases the jaw D which springs away from the
jaw A by the elasticity of the metal of which it is composed and thus the size of the
orifice O is increased."
A further form of apparatus with three sides rigid will be found hereinafter
described in the description of the alternative form of nozzle with two sides rigid
hereinafter contained.

page_text: II. BY MAKING TWO SIDES OF THE ORIFICE RIGID AND TWO ADJUSTABLE.
Figures 10 to 13 Sheet 2 exhibit one form of nozzle constructed according to this
plan that is to say with two sides rigid and two adjustable. Figure 10 is an end
elevation. Figure 11 is a side elevation. Figure 12 is a section on the line ST
looking towards the orifice and Figure 13 a longitudinal section on the line UV.
The same reference letters refer to the same parts in all these figures. E is
the body of the nozzle which is provided with a screwed aperture P at one end to
receive a pipe whereby the motive fluid may be supplied to the nozzle. The body E is
bored to receive (and fit accurately) two spindles A D and the holes for this purpose
are so bored that when the spindles are in place they may touch one another along
the centre line of the orifice Ô so that the spindles in a certain position close up the
orifice. Each of these spindles A D has however a flat or approximately flat
place H I filed or otherwise made upon it, extending over that part of its length
which when the spindles are in their places in the holes come opposite to the
orifice in the body E. The said orifice in the body E is of the maximum size
required for the emission of the motive fluid. It will thus be seen that when
the round parts of the spindles are adjacent to one another the orifice is closed
or nearly so and that if the spindles be turned in the direction of the arrows in
Figure 13 the orifice commences to enlarge and is open to its maximum size when the
flat parts H I of the spindles are adjacent to one another, and are both parallel with
the centre line of the nozzle. The adjustable sides of the orifice are thus formed by
the spindles AD and the rigid sides consist of the sides B C of the orifice formed
in the body E.
Leakage of the motive fluid between the surfaces of contact of the spindles A D
and the holes bored to receive them is obviated by fitting the spindles accurately in
the said holes and grinding them in. This fitting may be facilitated by making the
spindles A D and the holes slightly tapering and the escape of any part of the motive
fluid to the outside of the nozzle otherwise than through the orifice in the body E is
prevented by the glands J J and the stuffing boxes L L. At the bottom of the said
stuffing boxes L L we prefer to place two washers K K which press upon shoulders left
upon the spindles A D and so when the glands J J are screwed down upon the
packings these washers K K retain the spindles A D in their places in the holes.
The rotation of the spindles A D may be conveniently effected by providing their
outer ends with levers Ġ G to which are attached rods F F. The other ends of the
rods FF may be attached by pins or otherwise to the opposite sides of a collar N
which fits upon the outside of a nut M so that the nut M is free to turn without
turning the collar N, a collar R with a milled edge may also be fitted on the nut M
and secured with set screws or otherwise so as to retain the loose collar N in place
and also to provide means of turning the nut M. The levers G and the rods F F
are attached to the collar N in such a manner that when the nut M which fits the
screwed part upon the body E is turned the desired rotation is imparted to the
spindles A D and the size of the orifice O is thus increased or diminished at
will.
An alternative form of construction is shewn in Figures 14, 15, 16 and 17 Sheet 3.
This form of construction is applicable either to the case in which two sides of the
orifice for the motive jet are made rigid and two adjustable or to the case in
which three sides are made rigid' and one adjustable. It is specially illustrated in
the drawings with regard to the case in which two sides are made rigid and two
adjustable. Figure 14 is an end elevation Figure 15 a front elevation Figure 16
a section on the line R S in Figure 17 and Figure 17 a section on the line T U in
Figure 15. The same reference letters refer to the same parts in all these
figures.
The body E of the nozzle may be conveniently formed from a piece of plain tube
of the kind known as solid drawn, of steel or other suitable material and it is screwed
for portions of its length from each extremity to the points F G Figure 17.
For the remainder of its length it is turned to a true cylindrical form and the

page_text: The
orifice O is formed by milling or otherwise cutting out a slit of suitable width in the
side of the body E. The size of the slit is thus fixed as regards its width, the sides BC
being rigid but we carry out the adjustment of the sides A D that is to say of the
length of the orifice as follows:-Two nuts. M N are formed and screwed internally
for a portion of the length of each nut from the point J to the point K to fit the
thread of the screw already mentioned as being formed upon the body E.
nuts MN for the remainder of their length are bored to fit accurately the plain
cylindrical portion of the body E. It will thus be seen that upon turning each of
the nuts MN so that they advance towards one another each of them will cover and
prevent the escape of the motive fluid through a greater or less portion of the orifice
or slit according to the distance through which the said nuts MN are turned and
thus the adjustment of the size or capacity of the orifice is made at will.
motive fluid as shown by our description enters the nozzle at one end say at the
end P and escapes through the orifice O in the shape of a broad flat jet and in a
direction at right angles to that by which it entered the nozzle, the path of the
motive fluid through the nozzle being shown approximately by the arrows.
other end of the body E may be conveniently closed by screwing upon it a cap H or
by a plug or otherwise. But it will be obvious that both ends may be plugged
and the motive fluid made to enter at some other point as for instance at the
back as shown in Figure 21 of our drawing.
The
The
The body E may be tempered or case hardened if of steel or iron to prevent wear
of the sides B C of the orifice and the nuts M N or the parts of them adjacent to the
orifice may be of hard metal with a like object. It will be evident that if we
dispense with one of the nuts say with the nut N we shall have the case in which
three sides of the orifice O namely the sides A B C are rigid and one side namely
the side D is adjustable.
It will also be evident that if we divide the orifice O into several parts by leaving
bars of metal when sawing or milling out the slit we shall have a duplex or multiplex
nozzle according to the number of parts into which the orifice O is divided and we
can place upon the body E any number of nuts to effect the required adjustment.
In Figures 18, 19, 20 and 21 Sheet 4 we show an improved nozzle in which all
four sides of the orifice for the motive jet are made adjustable. Figure 18 is an end
elevation Figure 19 a front elevation Figure 20 a cross section on the centre line
and Figure 21 a longitudinal section on the centre line of a nozzle made according
to this method of carrying out our invention. The same reference letters refer to the
same parts in all these figures.
E is the body of the nozzle which is formed of a piece of tube of steel or other
suitable elastic material. A branch P is welded or otherwise attached to the body E
The ends of the body E are
for the introduction of the motive fluid to the nozzle.
A slit O is milled or
drawn down to a taper and the tapered parts are screwed.
otherwise cut preferably along the whole length of the body E which slit O forms the
orifice for the emission of the motive fluid. Two caps or nuts M N are screwed
internally to fit the screws cut upon the tapered ends of the body E in such manner
that when the nuts M. N are turned in the proper direction they advance towards one
another and the effect of this is that as the nuts or caps M N advance upon the
tapered ends of the body E the said ends are compressed and the sides B C are
brought nearer together and the width of the slit or orifice O is thereby diminished,
at the same time that the sides A D formed by the edges of the nuts or caps M_N
are also brought nearer together and the length of the slit or orifice O is thereby
diminished.
In like manner when the nuts or caps M N are turned in the reverse direction the
nuts or caps M N and consequently the sides A D of the orifice O retreat from one

page_text: As before stated the tube or trumpet must be so designed as to bring the fluid to
be acted upon into close contact with the motive jet whilst offering little resistance
to the passage of the fluid. We have designed and herein describe several kinds of
tube or trumpet suitable for use with our adjustable jet as herein before described.
The first or simplest form is that shewn in Figures 22, 23, and 24 Sheet 5 wherein
Figure 22 is a longitudinal section, Figure 23 is an end elevatiou and Figure 24 is
a plan view. The position of the motive jet for the propulsion of the fluid to be acted
upon would be preferably at or near the end C of the tube or trumpet. A is the
inlet and D the outlet end of the trumpet. At the point B the trumpet is reduced in
size in order to bring the fluid to be acted upon into closer contact with the motive
jet, the sides E F only of the trumpet are curved, the sides G H being parallel. But
in some cases we prefer to make all four sides of the trumpet curved or tapered
longitudinally (that is to say in the direction of flow) as shown in Figures 25, 20
and 27 Sheet 5 wherein Figure 25 is an end elevation, Figure 26 is a longitudinal
section and Figure 27 a sectional plan. In this form of tube or trumpet the motive
jet is situated at or near the end C as aforesaid, and the end A is the inlet and the
end D the outlet, the smallest part of the tube or trumpet where the motive jet is
brought into intimate contact with the fluid to be moved or propelled being
at B.
more
But we have also found it advantageous in some cases to provide one or
auxiliary trumpets or petticoats within or at the end of the main trumpet, and we
have shown in Figures 28 to 33 Sheet 6, a method of making this addition to any of
the trumpets above described. Figures 28 to 30 show how such an arrangement
may be applied to a trumpet having two only of its sides curved longitudinally as
aforesaid. Figure 28 is a sectional elevation. Figure 29 an end elevation, and
Figure 30 a plan of such a trumpet having one auxiliary trumpet or petticoat. The
same reference letters refer to the same parts in each figure.
A is the main trumpet. B the auxiliary trumpet or petticoat, and the motive jet
is situated at or near the point C. The end D of the main trumpet, and the end E
of the auxiliary trumpet are open for the admission of the fluid to be acted upon.
It will thus be seen that the action of the motive jet is to induce a current in the
direction of the arrows in the auxiliary trumpet or petticoat B and the action of the
fluid flowing out of the end F of the auxiliary or petticoat trumpet B is to induce

page_text: a secondary current in the direction of the arrows in the main trumpet A and thus
the total quantity of fluid acted upon is in some cases largely increased.
Figures 31, 32 and 33 show how an auxiliary trumpet or petticoat as above described
may be applied in the case in which the main trumpet has all its four sides curved or
tapered in the direction of flow.
Figure 31 is a longitudinal section, Figure 32 an end elevation and Figure 33 a
sectional plan of such an arrangement.
The same reference letters refer to the same
parts in each of these three figures.
A is the main trumpet, having all its four sides curved or tapered longitudinally. B
is the auxiliary trumpet having also all its four sides curved or tapered longitudinally.
Dare feathers connecting the petticoat B to the main trumpet A, and so constructed
as to obstruct the entrance to the main trumpet A as little as possible.
It will be evident that any number of auxiliary trumpets may be arranged one
behind or within the other as may be found convenient and also that these
arrangements or either of them may be applied to any of the trumpets described
above.
It will also be evident that we may, in combination with any of the trumpets we
have described, use any number of motive jets we may deem desirable, and place such
jets or any of them in any position with regard to the trumpet or trumpets as we
may find advantageous or convenient. For the particular case in which it is required
to induce a current of air to pass in either of two directions or both at once, as for
example in supplying a blast or draught of air for combustion to the furnaces of the
type of steam generator known as a Lancashire boiler we have devised a trumpet or
pipe which is branched towards the extremity remote from the nozzle to form what
we term a breeches pipe. The quantity of fluid passing from the main part of the
trumpet into each branch of the breeches pipe respectively is regulated by means of
a movable diaphragm or midfeather, which may be moved by means of a lever outside
the trumpet or otherwise, so as to either stand in the centre between the branches of
the breeches pipe and so cause an equal amount of fluid to pass into each branch,
or it may be so placed as to completely close one branch or other, or placed in any
intermediate position between.
The drawings Figures 34 to 37 Sheet 7 refer to a breeches pipe so constructed as
last aforesaid Figure 34 is a longitudinal section. Figure 35 an end elevation.
Figure 36 a side elevation and Figure 37 a plan of our said trumpet.
The same
reference letters refer to the same parts in all these figures. A is the body of the
trumpet into which the motive jet or jets is or are inserted at or near the end K. It
will be seen that the body A is shewn parallel in one view, Figure 34, and curved
or tapered in the other, Figure 366, but we do not confine ourselves to this particular
form as we may in some cases make the body curved or tapered in both views. BC are
the branches of the breeches part of the trumpet. D is the diaphragm or midfeather,
which can be placed in the position shown or in the position I 1, where it closes the
brunch B or in the position D 2, where it closes the branch C or in any intermediate
position, being moved by the lever F which is firmly attached to the spindle E to
which also the diaphragm or midfeather D is firmly attached. The lever I moves
over a quadrant G to which it can be clamped in any desired position by the bolt and
nut H. "But we do not confine ourselves to the particular arrangement shown in these
figures.
of our said
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that we
are aware that nozzles with orifices which can be varied at will by the adjustment of
their sides have been already proposed, and we therefore do not desire our claim of
invention to extend beyond the various devices we have invented for carrying out
this principle, and what we claim is:-
In apparatus for exhausting propelling or inducing currents in air or other fluids
franca to Lio 1 to 5

page_text: (6) Figs. 6 and 7, (c) Figs. 8 and 9, (d) Figs. 10 to 13, (c) Figs. 14 to 17, (f)
Figs. 18 to 21, respectively arranged and operating substantially as described.
Dad thin 19th day of September 1895.