Improvements in the Manufacture or Construction and Application of Surfaces Exposed to Wear, and Machinery or Apparatus for Use in Carrying the same into Effect.
Year: 1888

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 21st day of December 1889, Amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
Date of Application, 13th Oct., 1858
Complete Specification Left, 12th Aug., 1889-Accepted, 12th Oct., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in the Manufacture or Construction and Application
of Surfaces Exposed to Wear, and Machinery or Apparatus for
Use in Carrying the same into Effect.
We, I PETER ROE BEDLINGTON, of Bilbao, in the Kingdom of Spain, Mining and
Mechanical Engineer, and ROBERT HAMMOND, of 117 Bishopsgate Street Within,
London, Engineer and Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
:-
This invention has reference to the manufacture and application of Compound
Renewable Wearing Surfaces suitable for various purposes, such as boot, shoe, slipper,
and clog soles driving belts; bands for transporting loads; brake straps; wheel
tyres, horse shoes; mats; steps; stairs; flooring et cetera ; in such a manner that,
in the production thereof, scrap material can be advantageously utilized, thereby
lessening the cost of production and renewal of the wearing parts, which consist of
pieces of material of such shapes that the compound wearing surface will be in sections,
and can be gradually restored, renewed, or built up by substituting new for worn
parts, without necessarily renewing the whole simultaneously,
A backing, or core, of suitable material, which may be inflexible or flexible (such
as thin sheet metal in the case of a backing), according to the purpose to which the
invention is to be applied, constitutes the base upon which the compound wearing
surface is built up of a number of scraps, bits, or strips, hereinafter called " wearing
pieces" of suitable material such as leather, gutta percha, vulcanized indiarubber,
vulcanite, cork, wood, (which may be of different kinds), metal, such as soft iron, lead,
(where weight is required, as for divers) brass, copper, asbestos (suitable for the soles
of firemen's boots) papier-maché, mill board; carpet; linoleum; asphalt ; terra cotta,
or other baked earth or combinations or compositions of such substances the harder
materials, in this case, being placed where there is likely to be the greater wear.
The
backing, or core, and the wearing pieces are respectively so formed or furnished with
attachments as to admit of the securing of the wearing pieces by or to the backing
or core. The wearing pieces may be dovetailed or wedge-shaped or they may
have holes so as to be conveniently threaded on the core, or cores; or so as
to admit of the wearing pieces being sewn, or otherwise connected together.
Where the wearing pieces are of material having a grain, they may be formed to
expose to wear either a cross-grained, or other surface, as may be desired; according
to the particular application. Backings, with compound wearing surfaces such as
above described, can be made so that they can be applied temporarily and removed
when not required; as for instance (in the case of boots and shoes) the backings may
be constructed to be readily applied to the ordinary soles for use in wet weather, and
to be capable of easy removal when not desired to be worn. A rope, band, or belt,
with a compound wearing surface according to this invention can be formed of wire,
strand, or rope; or a series of wires, strands, or ropes, having threaded thereon a
number of wearing pieces of any suitable form, notched or not: the shape depending
upon the sectional form of rope or band required; and distance pieces of suitable
material, (such as sheet metal with suitable holes) may be inserted at intervals where
necessary, either to act as distance pieces proper, or to unite the wires, strands or

page_text: ropes in a transverse sense. In articles having compound wearing surfaces built
up according to this invention, the thickness of the wearing surface may be varied
without affecting the flexibility, which will be dependent upon the elasticity of the
backing. Where employed in driving machine belts or the like the stress or pull
will be taken by the flexible backing of sheet steel or the like or by the core or cores
and not by the material subjected to wear thus the strength of the belt will be
maintained unimpaired, notwithstanding considerable reduction (by use) of the
wearing pieces. With a belt made with a core or cores as set forth when ono
surface of the belt is worn through, it can be reversed, so as to expose the opposite
surface to wear; or a belt with a backing may have wearing pieces at its two
opposite faces.
The "edge" or "end" principle may be applied in a variety of ways and the layer or
layers of material constituting the wearing pieces may he vertical, inclined, or parallel
to the backing; and be secured together by cementing, sewing or otherwise, with
or without pressure. For boots, shoes et cetera the wearing pieces can be cut inclined
so as to overlap and prevent entry of dirt et cetera into the interstices.
Such a
formation will be advantageous also for belts as it will cause them to tighten in going
over pulleys. Where the wearing surfaces are dovetailed to the backing the sheet
metal of the latter may be rolled, stamped, or pressed to the required form; or may
be a plain, flat, or curved sheet on to which is brazed, soldered, rivetted or otherwise
secured a secondary surface already fashioned to the required form. In some cases
the outermost wearing pieces may conveniently be of thicker material than the rest so
as to protect and bind them in place; or for boots et cetera a continuous strip of thick
sole leather or other material may run round the outside of the various sections so as
to conceal the wearing pieces at the edges. The material of the wearing pieces may
be impregnated with liquid or molten gutta percha, indiarubber or other substances,
or chemicals to render the wearing pieces impervious to moisture or otherwise tend to
their durability; or the wearing pieces may be of a compound or composition formed
with molten gutta percha, indiarubber, or the like, with the dust of leather or cork,
saw dust, metal filings, brick dust, or some of these or analogous substances the whole
compressed. If the backing be formed or furnished with suitable tapered recesses
such composition whilst soft can be compressed into the recesses.
For the purpose of forming dovetail recesses to receive correspondingly formed
wearing pieces apparatus as follows can be employed. A press is furnished with
recessed plates or dies that will corrugate or channel thin metallic plate compressed
between them. The plate or the dies may have an intermittent traversing motion so
as to stamp or press at each operation a portion only of the width of the plate to be
corrugated. Then a dovetail form can be imparted to the corrugations by means
of apparatus resembling Lewises suitably operated, the dovetail pieces being carried
and operated by one part of the machine and the key pieces for expanding or
moving apart the dovetail pieces constituting each pair being carried and operated by
another part of the machine. With such an arrangement a number of dovetail recesses
can be formed at one or more operations the plates being afterwards removed edgewise.
Wide plates can be stamped or rolled. A machine or machines suitable for inserting
the wearing pieces into a number of such recesses at one or more operations can be
constructed as a press furnished with a number of rods or channels on or in which the
wearing pieces after stamping out can be threaded so that when the press is operated
the wearing pieces on the rods or in the channels will be forced into the dovetail
recesses and on the return stroke those wearing pieces that have been so inserted will
remain in the recesses.
Instead of a press for corrugating the plates, rolls or a roll and a plate can be used.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in the Manufacture or Construction and Application
of Surfaces Exposed to Wear, and Machinery or Apparatus for
Use in Carrying the same intó Effect.
We, PETER ROE BEDLINGTON, of Bilbao in the Kingdom of Spain, Mining and
Mechanical Engineer, and ROBERT HAMMOND, of 117 Bishopsgate Street Within,
London, Engineer and Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to the manufacture and application of compound
renewable wearing surfaces suitable for various purposes such as boot, shoe, slipper,
and clog-soles driving belts; bands for transporting loads; brake straps; wheel
tyres; horse shoes; mats; steps; stairs; flooring &c. in such a manner that, in the
production thereof, scrap material can be advantageously utilized, thereby lessening
the cost of production and renewal of the wearing parts, which consist of pieces, of
material of such shapes that the compound wearing surface will be in sections, and
can be gradually restored, renewed or built up by substituting new for worn parts,
without necessarily renewing the whole simultaneously.
A backing, or core, of suitable material, which may be inflexible or flexible, (such
as thin sheet metal in the case of a backing) according to the purpose to which the
invention is to be applied, constitutes the base upon which the compound wearing
surface is built up of a number of scraps, bits, or strips, hereinafter called "wearing
pieces" of suitable material such as leather, gutta-percha, vulcanized india-rubber,
vulcanite, cork, wood (which may be of different kinds); metal, such as soft iron,
lead (where weight is required as for divers' boots), brass, copper; asbestos (suitable
for the soles of firemen's boots), papier-mache, mill board; carpet, linoleum, asphalt ;
terra-cotta or other baked earths; or combinations or compositions of such sub-
stances the harder materials, in this case, being placed where there is likely to be the
greater wear. The backing or core, and the wearing pieces are respectively so shaped
or furnished with attachments as to admit of the securing of the wearing pieces by or
to the backing or core. The wearing pieces may be dovetailed or wedge shaped, or
have side slots for fixing to the backing, or they may have holes so as to be conveniently
threaded on the core or cores; or so as to admit of their being sewn or otherwise
connected together. Where the wearing pieces are of a material having a grain, they
may be formed to expose to wear either a cross-grained or other surface, as may be
desired, according to the particular application. Backings with compound wearing
surfaces, such as above described can be made so that they can be applied temporarily
and removed when not required: as, for instance (in the case of boots and shoes) the
backings may be constructed to be readily applied to the ordinary soles for use in
wet weather, and to be capable of easy removal when not desired to be worn.
A rope,
band, or belt, with a compound wearing surface according to this invention can be
formed of metallic ribbon, wire, strand, or rope; or a series of metallic ribbons, wires,
strands, or ropes, having threaded thereon a number of wearing pieces of any suitable
form, the shape depending upon the sectional form of rope or band required; distance
pieces of suitable material (such as sheet metal with suitable holes) may be inserted
at intervals where necessary to unite the ribbons, wires, strands, or ropes in a transverse
sense; other distance pieces (preferably of elastic material) being inserted between
the wearing pieces longitudinally for the sake of flexibility. In articles having
compound wearing surfaces built up according to this.invention, the thickness of the
wearing surface may be varied without affecting its flexibility which will be dependent
solely upon the elasticity of the backing or core. When employed in machine
driving belts or the like, the stress or pull will be taken by the flexible backing of
sheet steel, or the like; or by the core or cores, and not by the material subjected to
wear. Thus the strength of the belt will be maintained unimpaired, notwithstanding
considerable reduction (by use) of the wearing pieces. With a belt made with a core

page_text: or 'cores as set forth, when one surface of the belt is much worn, it can be reversed so
as to expose the opposite surface to wear; or a belt with a backing may have
wearing pieces at its two opposite faces so as to be serviceable on both sides.
"
The edge or "end" principle may be applied in a variety of ways, and the layer,
or layers, of material constituting the wearing pieces may be vertical, inclined, or
parallel to the backing; and be secured together by cementing, sewing or otherwise
with or without pressure; or dovetailed strips of solid material may run right across
the surface of the backing instead of a series of small wearing pieces. For boots,
shoes, &c. the wearing pieces can be cut inclined so as to overlap and prevent entry
of dirt into the interstices; and for the sake of greater homogeneity, alternate
longitudinal layers or wearing pieces may be made to point in opposite directions.
Such a formation will be advantageous also for belts, as it will tend to cause them to
tighten in going over pulleys. To prevent the core or cores enlarging the holes
in the wearing pieces through which they pass, and thus gradually wearing their
way through the material when passing over pulleys, the holes are or may be
strengthened by stont metallic eyelets or bushes secured in the wearing pieces,
which eyelets or bushes themselves take the wear due to the core or cores. The
jointing up of the belt ends may be effected in various ways. For instance, a few of
the extreme wearing pieces at each end may be furnished with double holes and
eyelets and a suitable length of cores or strands allowed to overhang at each end.
The first set of strands are then bent back, forming loops, and threaded in a criss-cross
or zig-zag fashion through the double holes of the extreme wearing pieces, the
ends being then suitably secured by knotting or otherwise. Through the loops thus
formed, the other core ends are correspondingly passed, threaded back, and secured
in a similar manner, the joint thus produced being stronger than the cores them-
selves. With this construction slack in the belt can be readily taken up as required.
To protect the cores or strands where looped, metallic rings or pulleys may be
inserted to take the wear. Another way is to fix to one extremity of the belt a
stout metal plate which shall carry a small capstan arrangement with ratchet, the
other ends of the strands being wound round the barrel.
Where the wearing pieces are dovetailed to the backing, the sheet metal of the
latter may be rolled, stamped, or pressed to the required form; or may be a plain, flat
or curved sheet on to which is brazed, soldered, rivetted, or otherwise secured, a
secondary surface already fashioned to the required form. In some cases the outer-
most wearing pieces may conveniently be of thicker material than the rest, so as to
protect and bind the latter in place; or for boots et cetera, a continuous strip of thick
sole leather; or other suitable material, may be placed around the outside of the various
sections so as to conceal the wearing pieces at the edges. The material of the wearing
pieces may be impregnated with molten gutta-percha, india-rubber, or other substances
or chemicals to render the wearing pieces impervious to moisture or otherwise tend
to their durability; or the wearing pieces may be of a compound or composition
formed of molten gutta-percha, india-rubber or the like, with the dust of leather or
cork, sawdust, metal filings, brick-dust, or some of these or analagous substances, the
whole being compressed. If the backing be formed or furnished with suitable
tapered recesses, such composition whilst soft can be compressed into the recesses.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view shewing a backing constructed of a dovetailed sheet A
of thin metal which is rivetted to a plain sheet B of metal by rivets c in the dovetailed
spaces b.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view shewing a backing such as represented in Fig. 1 fitted
with wearing pieces d, d having their edges perpendicular to the backing, made with
and secured by dovetail parts 6 and formed with continuous holes e whereby they may
be connected together by wire, sewing &c.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view, similar to Fig. 2, but shewing the wearing pieces d
formed as oblique angled parallelograms so as to partly overlap one another and
thereby prevent the entrance of dirt..
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the same, shewing the wearing pieces a built up

page_text: transversely of various strips of material 1, 2, 3, 4 formed with holes e for sewing,
rivetting or otherwise fastening the several strips together.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the same, where the wearing piece consists of a
solid, continuous piece of wood or other material extending across, or partly across
the backing, the wearing piece being maintained in position by means of wire
passed through the holes e formed in the triangular ridge a of the backing, or by
sewing or other convenient means.
Fig. 6 shews a perspective view of the same, where the wearing piece d is also
continuous but built up vertically of various layers of material 1, 2, 3, 4 connected
together by sewing, rivetting or the like through the holes e..
Figs. 7 and 8 shew other ways of shaping the wearing pieces d to admit of their
being readily secured in position; these Figs. also show other ways of shaping the
metal sheet or backing A.
Fig. 9 shews an inverted plan of a boot or shoe sole; the backing is cut to
the form of the sole with the dovetailed or corrugated sheet A rivetted to the
plain sheet B by rivets c; or the two sheets may be otherwise secured together.
The sheet B has holes therethrough all around the edge, for sewing to the boot
upper. The triangular ridges a do not extend quite across the sole, but are cut
a little short in order to allow room for part of the thickness of a continuous
strip of sole leather (shewn in dotted lines) which is secured in part of its
thickness by the dovetails b.
Fig. 10 shews in inverted plan a boot or shoe sole with the wearing pieces d in
position, flanked by the continuous strip of sole leather (or other material) 9 which
may be secured in position laterally by sewing, or otherwise as for instance by
lengths of wire as shewn at k k.
Fig. 11 is a side elevation of part of a boot with sole constructed according to this
invention. A thin piece of leather of the shape of the sole, may be inserted and
sewn between the boot upper and the plain sheet B. The space n in the heel,
between the plain sheet B and the dovetailed plate A, is filled in with wood or other
suitable material through which pass rivets m for connecting the two plates together.
Fig. 12 shews in plan, a removable backing B which is secured to an ordinary
boot or shoe sole by the bent-up projections o p q and to the heel by a spring or elastic
projection r. For the sake of strength and stiffness the metal is doubled at these
points and ribbed. To secure the backing to the heel a stout metal strip or clamp s, t, u
is employed bent to the proper form. This strip or clamp is furnished with spikes
which project into the heel, and with a set screw at which presses the spring or
elastic projection into its holding position and at the same time draws the whole
backing securely its into place.
2
Fig. 13 is a side elevation of the same, shewing the removable backing with wearing
surface attached to the existing boot sole w of an ordinary boot or shoe which is
shown in dotted lines.
Fig. 13 shews a double backing with wearing pieces on both sides these wearing
pieces being shown tapered for the sake of flexibility.
Fig. 14 shews partly in elevation, and partly in section, a portion of a round belt
constructed according to this invention, a¹ being the central core or strand, & the
wearing pieces, distance pieces or washers with curved sides; and e¹ el metal
eyelets which protect the material of the wearing pieces and washers from wear by
rubbing contact with the core or strand.
Fig. 15 shews partly in edge or side elevation, and partly in longitudinal section,
a flat belt according to this invention, its various parts being similarly lettered to
the corresponding parts in Fig. 14.
Fig. 16 shews in plan or top view partly in horizontal section, such a belt constructed
with several cores or strands, the wearing pieces d being each continuous across the
width of the belt.
Fig. 17 is a cross section of the belt with one of the wearing pieces d, and two of
the distance pieces 62, in elevation.
Fig. 18 is a cross section of a flat belt in which the wearing pieces .d are..each

page_text: composed of several short pieces 1, 2, 3, necessitating the employment of transverse
holding bars (preferably of metal plate) arranged at suitable distances apart to bind
the cords or strands a¹ of the belt together. Also continuous wearing pieces such
as shown in Fig. 16 may alternate with the built up wearing pieces composed of
short pieces 1, 2 3.
Figs. 18 and 18b, show other ways of joining short lengths of the wearing pieces
for building up wearing surfaces to extend across the width of a belt.
Fig. 19 is a plan or top view of a part of a belt such as shown in Fig. 18.
دو
Fig. 20 shows a method of joining up the two ends of a belt according to this
invention by looping the strands a' (or the two ends of a single strand) at the joint J
and interweaving or "criss-crossing them back through the double eyeletted
holes in the wearing pieces, each end a being secured in any suitable manner, as
for example by a knot. The double holes are preferably arranged symmetrically with
regard to the centre line of the straight part of the strand.
:
Fig. 21 shows a method of joining up the ends of a belt by means of two pulleys P
and P¹ which assist in taking up slack, and protect the strands from too rapid bending.
Each arrangement allows of the taking up of slack; and it is evident that the same
kind of joint can be made with one pulley, around which passes one end of a strand, the
other end being connected by looping or knotting to the pulley frame.
Fig. 21ª shews a form of joint produced without looping at J, one end of the strand
being passed over and threaded back in a criss-cross or zig-zag manner through the
extreme wearing pieces of the other end of the belt, and vice versa.
Fig. 22 is a plan of a press according to this invention for forming in sheet metal
dovetail rocesses to receive correspondingly formed wearing pieces.
Fig. 23 is a cross section on the line a Fig. 22.
Fig. 24 is a longitudinal sectional elevation on the line y y Fig. 22.
Fig. 25 shews in cross section, the form of a metal sheet after being rolled or corru-
gated but before being formed with dovetail recesses.
1 is a metal frame in which are fixed guide bars 2 and 3 on which are placed a
series of dovetailing mandrils or parts 4. The frame 1 also carries closed bearings 5
and open bearings 6 which serve to hold the smaller guide rods 7 and 8 respectively.
These guide bars hold and maintain in parallel positions a series of smaller mandrils
or parts 9 which are triangular in cross section for a part of their length, and of
square form for the remainder of their length, as shewn. These triangular mandrils 9.
are maintained in their normal positions laterally, by a series of short spiral springs 10;
the larger or lower dovetailing mandrils 4 are also normally kept apart by springs 11.
The guide rod 7 serves also as a hinge on which the smaller mandrils 9 may be turned
upward when necessary. When the smaller or upper mandrils are turned down
into position, their free ends are held down firmly by a sliding plate 12 held in two
dovetailed or V shaped guides 13. 14 is a crosshead or block, and 15 is a screw of a
press whereby the lower series of mandrils 4 can be pressed towards each other.
The operation of this machine is as follows:-
When the metal sheet has been rolled to the corrugated form shewn in Fig. 25, it
is placed over the dovetailing mandrils 4, the mandrils 9 having been previously
raised. These mandrils 9 are then turned down upon the plate, and their free ends
securely held by sliding forward the plate 12.
The press is then put into operation to force together the mandrils 4 and corrugated
plate, which then takes the dovetail form required. On releasing the pressure, and
removing the plate 12 the sheet may be pulled out sideways, the springs 11 afterwards
causing the mandrils 4 to return to their normal positions.
Figs. 26 27 and 28 illustrate another construction of machine or apparatus for
forming dovetail recesses in sheet metal after the same has been rolled to the channel
or corrugated form shewn in ond and plan views in Figs. 29 and 30 respectively.
Fig. 26 is a plan ; and
Figs. 27 and 28 side and end views respectively with certain bearings in section, of
so much of the machine as is necessary to illustrate its construction and operation.
16, 16 and 17, 17" are two sets of vertical rolls of inverted conical or taper form,

page_text: the distance between the upper ends of the rolls of each pair being less than the width of
the grooved or channelled parts ax of the plate (Figs. 29 and 30) to be pressed into
dovetail form. The dovetailling is effected by first passing each channelled part a*
between the rolls 16, 16ª where the dovetailing of this part is partly effected and then
passing this part on between the rolls 17, 17ª where, in consequence of the rolls being
placed closer together, the dovetailing is completed. 18 is the driving shaft; it is
supported in a bearing 19 and carries a bevel wheel 20 which drives a bevel wheel 21
which is fixed upon the same shaft 22 as that carrying the roll 16. This shaft 22
also carries a toothed wheel 23, arranged to gear with one or with two " idle cogs" 24
and 25 which in their turn are geared with and drive a toothed wheel 26 which is
thus made to revolve in the same direction as the wheel 23. The wheel 26 is secured
to the shaft which carries the roll 17. Thus when the driving shaft 18 and the
first set of rolls 16, 16 are rotated motion will be imparted to the second set of
rolls 17 17" which are geared together by long teeth. The rolls 16 and 16" are also
geared together by long teeth 27 and 27" as shown in Fig. 28. The rolls of each set
are supported in bearings in such a manner that their distance apart can be varied as
required by adjustable brasses 28 and 29 carried in suitable plumber blocks 30 and 31
respectively. The foot of the shaft 22 may be carried in a foot-step bearing 32. The
top of the table or bench is indicated by Fig. 28.
22
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
1. A compound renewable wearing surface built up of wearing pieces of suitable
material in combination with a backing to which the said wearing pieces are secured
substantially as described.
2. A compound renewable wearing surface composed of wearing pieces of suitable
material in combination with a core whereby the said wearing pieces are connected
together substantially as described.
3. A combined compound renewable wearing surface and backing such as referred
to in claim 1 wherein the wearing pieces are made with parts of dovetail or equivalent
section that engage with channels or grooves of similar form in the backing in such a
manner that the wearing pieces are secured to the backing substantially as described.
4. A compound renewable wearing surface such as referred to in claim 1 in com-
bination with a flexible or elastic backing substantially as described.
5. The combination with a backing of two compound renewable wearing
surfaces one attached to each side of the backing substantially as described.
6. A combined compound renewable wearing surface and backing such as referred
to' in claim 1, wherein the wearing pieces are secured together by sewing sub-
stantially as herein before described.
7. In a compound renewable wearing surface applied to a backing as referred to
in claim 1 the formation and arrangement of the wearing pieces in such a manner
that they partly overlap one another substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
8. Our My improved compound wearing surfaces combined with backings sub-
stantially as hereinbefore respectively described with reference to and shown in Fig. 2
Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 Fig. 6; Fig. 7; Fig. $ and Fig. 13" of the drawings
annexed.
9. The combination with the sole of a boot or shoe of a compound renewable
wearing surface and a backing to which the wearing pieces constituting the said
compound wearing surface are secured substantially as described.
10. The combination with the sole of a boot or shoe of a compound renewable
wearing surface such as referred to in the preceding claim and a continuous strip of
suitable material such as sole leather arranged to extend around the edge of the
compound wearing surface substantially as described with reference to Fig. 10.
11. For the sole of a boot or shoe a backing such as described with reference to
Fig. 9 adapted to receive a compound renewable wearing surface.

page_text: .
12. In combination with a sole for a boot or shoe, a backing and compound
renewable wearing surfaces such as described with reference to and illustrated in
Figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings or modified as in Fig. 11.
13. The improved renewable sole and heel wearing surfaces with removable backing
having projections and clamps for securing it to the sole and heel of a boot or shoe as
described with reference to Figs. 12 and 13 of the drawings.
14. The combination of renewable wearing pieces, a wire, rope, or strand, or wires,
ropes, or strands whereon such wearing pieces are threaded, and distance pieces
interposed between the wearing pieces the whole constituting a driving belt or rope
with compound renewable wearing surface substantially as described.
15. In a driving belt or rope of the kind referred to in the preceding claim,
providing the wearing pieces or the distance pieces, or both, with metal cyclets or
bushes substantially as herein before described for the purpose specified.
16. Our My improved driving belt constructed with renewable wearing surfaces and
distance pieces threaded on one or more wires, strands, or ropes substantially as herein-
before described with reference respectively to and shewn in Fig. 14; in Figs. 15
to 17 inclusive, and in Figs. 18 and 19, (or modified according to Fig. 18" or to
Fig. 18).
17. A belt such as referred to in claim 14 with the ends joined either as
illustrated in Fig. 20 or as in Fig. 21 or as in Fig. 21° of the drawings, and
described with reference thereto.
18. The manufacture substantially in the manner described of backing plates with
grooves or channels to receive and hold wearing pieces, the sheet metal being first
corrugated and afterwards having a dovetailed form imparted to its grooves or
channels by pressure between parts such as those represented at 4 and 9 in Figs. 22
23 and 24 of the drawings.
19. Our My machine with parts 4 and 9, guide rods therefor, springs tending to
keep the parts 4 and 9 apart and cross head with suitable means for forcing the
parts 4 and
towards one another for imparting the desired formation to the channels
of a corrugated plate between them. substantially as described with reference to
Figs. 22 to 24 inclusive of the drawings.
20. For bending sheet metal to form backings with dovetail grooves or channels
the use of a machine such as described with reference to Figs. 26 to 28 inclusive of
the drawings.
Dated this 12th day of August 1889
RU
W. Lloyd Wise,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 12th Aug., 1889-Accepted, 12th Oct., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture or Construction and Application
of Surfaces Exposed to Wear, and Machinery or Apparatus for
Use in Carrying the same into Effect.
We, PETER ROE BEDLINGTON, of Bilbao, in the Kingdom of Spain, Mining and
Mechanical Engineer, and ROBERT HAMMOND, of 117 Bishopsgate Street Within,
London, Engineer and Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
:-
This invention has reference to the manufacture and application of Compound
Renewable Wearing Surfaces suitable for various purposes, such as boot, shoe, slipper,
and clog soles; driving belts; bands for transporting loads; brake straps; wheel
tyres, horse shoes; mats; steps; stairs; flooring et cetera; in such a manner that,
in the production thereof, scrap material can be advantageously utilized, thereby
lessening the cost of production and renewal of the wearing parts, which consist of
pieces of material of such shapes that the compound wearing surface will be in sections,
and can be gradually restored, renewed, or built up by substituting new for worn
parts, without necessarily renewing the whole simultaneously.
The
A backing, or core, of suitable material, which may be inflexible or flexible (such
as thin sheet metal in the case of a backing), according to the purposeto which the
invention is to be applied, constitutes the base upon which the compound wearing
surface is built up of a number of scraps, bits, or strips, hereinafter called "wearing
pieces of suitable material such as leather, gutta percha, vulcanized indiarubber,
vulcanite, cork, wood, (which may be of different kinds), metal, such as soft iron, lead,
(where weight is required, as for divers) brass, copper, asbestos (suitable for the soles
of firemen's boots) papier-maché, mill board; carpet; linoleum; asphalt; terra cotta,
or other baked earth or combinations or compositions of such substances the harder
materials, in this case, being placed where there is likely to be the greater wear.
backing, or core, and the wearing pieces are respectively so formed or furnished with
attachments as to admit of the securing of the wearing pieces by or to the backing
or core. The wearing pieces may be dovetailed, or wedge-shaped or they may
have holes so as to be conveniently threaded on the core, or cores; or so as
to admit of the wearing pieces being sewn, or otherwise connected together.
Where the wearing pieces are of material having a grain, they may be formed to
expose to wear either a cross-grained, or other surface, as may be desired; according
to the particular application. Backings, with compound wearing surfaces such as
above described, can he made so that they can be applied temporarily and removed
when not required; as for instance (in the case of boots and shoes) the backings may
be constructed to be readily applied to the ordinary soles for use in wet weather, and
to be capable of easy removal when not desired to be worn. rope, band, or belt,
with a compound wearing surface according to this invention can be formed of wire,
strand, or rope; or a series of wires, strands, or ropes, having threaded thereon a
number of wearing pieces of any suitable form, notched or not the shape depending
upon the sectional form of rope or band required; and distance pieces of suitable
material, (such as sheet metal with suitable holes) may be inserted at intervals where
necessary, either to act as distance pieces proper, or to unite the wires, strands or
ropes in a transverse sense. In articles having compound wearing surfaces built
up according to this invention, the thickness of the wearing surface may be varied
without affecting the flexibility, which will be dependent upon the elasticity of the
backing. Where employed in driving machine belts or the like the stress or pull
will be taken by the flexible backing of sheet steel or the like or by the core or cores

page_text: and not by the material subjected to wear; thus the strength of the belt will be
maintained unimpaired, notwithstanding considerable reduction (by use) of the
wearing pieces. With a belt made with a core or cores as set forth when one
surface of the belt is worn through, it can be reversed, so as to expose the opposite
surface to wear; or a belt with a backing may have wearing pieces at its two
opposite faces.
The "edge" or "end" principle may be applied in a variety of ways and the layer or
layers of material constituting the wearing pieces may be vertical, inclined, or parallel
to the backing; and be secured together by cementing, sewing or otherwise, with
or without pressure. For boots, shoes et cetera the wearing pieces can be cut inclined
so as to overlap and prevent entry of dirt et cetera into the interstices. Such a
formation will be advantageous also for belts as it will cause them to tighten in going
over pulleys. Where the wearing surfaces are dovetailed to the backing the sheet
metal of the latter may be rolled, stamped, or pressed to the required form; or may
be a plain, flat, or curved sheet on to which is brazed, soldered, rivetted or otherwise
secured a secondary surface already fashioned to the required form. In some cases
the outermost wearing pieces may conveniently he of thicker material than the rest so
as to protect and bind them in place; or for boots et cetera a continuous strip of thick
sole leather or other material may run round the outside of the various sections so as
to conceal the wearing pieces at the edges. The material of the wearing pieces may
be impregnated with liquid or molten gutta percha, indiarubber or other substances,
or chemicals to render the wearing pieces impervious to moisture or otherwise tend to
their durability or the wearing pieces may be of a compound or composition formed
with molten gutta percha, indiarubber, or the like, with the dust of leather or cork,
saw dust, metal filings, brick dust, or some of these or analogous substances the whole
compressed. If the backing be formed or furnished with suitable tapered recesses
such composition whilst soft can be compressed into the recesses.
For the purpose of forming dovetail recesses to receive correspondingly formed
wearing pieces apparatus as follows can be employed. A press is furnished with
recessed plates or dies that will corrugate or channel thin metallic plate compressed
between them. The plate or the dies may have an intermittent traversing motion so
as to stamp or press at each operation a portion only of the width of the plate to be
corrugated. Then a dovetail form can be imparted to the corrugations by means
of apparatus resembling Lewises suitably operated, the dovetail pieces being carried
and operated by one part of the machine and the key pieces for expanding or
moving apart the dovetail pieces constituting each pair being carried and operated by
another part of the machine. With such an arrangement a number of dovetail recesses
can be formed at one or more operations the plates being afterwards removed edgewise.
Wide plates can be stamped or rolled. A machine or machines suitable for inserting
the wearing pieces into a number of such recesses at one or more operations can be
constructed as a press furnished with a number of rods or channels on or in which the
wearing pieces after stamping out can be threaded so that when the press is operated
the wearing pieces on the rods or in the channels will be forced into the dovetail
recesses and on the return stroke those wearing pieces that have been so inserted will
remain in the recesses.
Instead of a press for corrugating the plates, rolls or a roll and a plate can be used.
Dated this 13th day of October 1888
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture or Construction and Application
of Surfaces Exposed to Wear, and Machinery or Apparatus for
Use in Carrying the same into Effect.
We, PETER ROE BEDLINGTON, of Bilbao in the Kingdom of Spain, Mining and
Mechanical Engineer, and ROBERT HAMMOND, of 117 Bishopsgate Street Within,
London, Engineer and Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
n what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to the manufacture and application of compound
renewable wearing surfaces suitable for various purposes such as boot, shoe, slipper,
and clog-soles; driving belts; bands for transporting loads; brake straps; wheel
tyres horse shoes; mats; steps; stairs; flooring &c. in such a manner that, in the
production thereof, scrap material can be advantageously utilized, thereby lessening
the cost of production and renewal of the wearing parts, which consist of pieces of
material of such shapes that the compound wearing surface will be in sections, and
can be gradually restored, renewed or built up by substituting new for worn parts,
without necessarily renewing the whole simultaneously,
A backing, or core, of suitable material, which may be inflexible or flexible, (such
as thin sheet metal in the case of a backing) according to the purpose to which the
invention is to be applied, constitutes the base upon which the compound wearing
surface is built up of a number of scraps, bits, or strips, hereinafter called "wearing
pieces " of suitable material such as leather, gutta-percha, vulcanized india-rubber,
vulcanite, cork, wood (which may be of different kinds); metal, such as soft iron,
lead (where weight is required as for divers' boots), brass, copper; asbestos (suitable
for the soles of firemen's boots), papier-mnache, mill board; carpet, linoleum, asphalt;
terra-cotta or other baked carths; or combinations or compositions of such sub-
stances the harder materials, in this case, being placed where there is likely to be the .
greater wear. The backing or core, and the wearing pieces are respectively so shaped
or furnished with attachments as to admit of the securing of the wearing pieces by or
to the backing or core. The wearing pieces may be dovetailed or wedge shaped, or
have side slots for fixing to the backing, or they may have holes so as to be conveniently
threaded on the core or cores; or so as to admit of their being sown or otherwise
connected together. Where the wearing pieces are of a material having a grain, they
may be formed to expose to wear either a cross-grained or other surface, as may be
desired, according to the particular application. Backings with compound wearing
surfaces, such as above described can be made so that they can be applied temporarily
and removed when not required: as, for instance (in the case of boots and shoes) the
backings may be constructed to be readily applied to the ordinary soles for use in
А горо,
wet weather, and to be capable of easy removal when not desired to be worn.
band, or belt, with a compound wearing surface according to this invention can be
formed of metallic ribbon, wire, strand, or rope; or a series of metallic ribbons, wires;
strands, or ropes, having threaded thereon a number of wearing pieces of any suitable
form, the shape depending upon the sectional form of rope or band required; distance
pieces of suitable material (such as sheet metal with suitable holes) may be inserted
at intervals where necessary to unite the ribbons, wires, strands, or ropes in a transverse
sense; other distance pieces (preferably of elastic material) being inserted between
the wearing pieces longitudinally for the sake of flexibility. In articles having
compound wearing surfaces built up according to this invention, the thickness of the
wearing surface may be varied without affecting its flexibility which will be dependent
core. When employed in machine
solely upon the elasticity of the backing or
driving belts or the like, the stress or pull will be taken by the flexible backing of
sheet steel, or the like; or by the core or cores, and not by the material subjected to
wear. Thus the strength of the belt will be maintained unimpaired, nothwithstanding
considerable reduction (by use) of the wearing pieces. With a belt made with a core

page_text: or cores as set forth, when one surface of the belt is much worn, it can be reversed.so
as to expose the opposite surface to wear; or a belt with a backing may have
wearing pieces at its two opposite faces so as to be serviceable on both sides.
The
The "edge" or "end" principle may be applied in a variety of ways, and the layer,
or layers, of material constituting the wearing pieces may be vertical, inclined, or
parallel to the backing; and be secured together by cementing, sewing or otherwise
with or without pressure; or dovetailed strips of solid material may run right across
the surface of the backing instead of a series of small wearing pieces. For boots,
shoes, &c. the wearing pieces can be cut inclined so as to overlap and prevent entry
of dirt into the interstices; and for the sake of greater homogeneity, alternate
longitudinal layers or wearing pieces may be made to point in opposite directions.
Such a formation will be advantageous also for belts, as it will tend to cause them to
tighten in going over pulleys. To prevent the core or cores enlarging the holes
in the wearing pieces through which they pass, and thus gradually wearing their
way through the material when passing over pulleys, the holes are
strengthened by stout metallic eyelets or bushes secured in the wearing pieces,
or may be
which eyelets or bushes themselves take the wear due to the core or cores.
jointing up of the belt ends may be effected in various ways. For instance, a few of
the extreme wearing pieces at each end may be furnished with double holes and
eyelets and a suitable length of cores or strands allowed to overhang at each end.
The first set of strands are then bent back, forming loops, and threaded in a criss-cross
or zig-zag fashion through the double holes of the extreme wearing pieces, the
ends being then suitably secured by knotting .or otherwise. Through the loops thus
formed, the other core ends are correspondingly passed, threaded back, and secured
in a similar manner, the joint thus produced being stronger than the cores them-
selves. With this construction slack in the belt can be readily taken up as required.
To protect the cores or strands where looped, metallic rings or pulleys may be
inserted to take the wear. Another way is to fix to one extremity of the belt a
stout metal plate which shall carry a small capstan arrangement with ratchet, the
other ends of the strands being wound round the barrel.
Where the wearing pieces are dovetailed to the backing, the sheet metal of the
latter may be rolled, stamped, or pressed to the required form; or may be a plain flat
or curved sheet on to which is brazed, soldered, rivetted, or otherwise secured, a
secondary surface already fashioned to the required form. In some cases the outer-
most wearing pieces may conveniently be of thicker material than the rest, so as to
protect and bind the latter in place; or for boots et cetera, a continuous strip of thick
sole leather, or other suitable material, may be placed around the outside of the various
sections so as to conceal the wearing pieces at the edges. The material of the wearing
pieces may be impregnated with molten gutta-percha, india-rubber, or other substances
or chemicals to render the wearing pieces impervious to moisture or otherwise tend
to their durability; or the wearing pieces may be of a compound or composition
formed of molten gutta-percha, india-rubber or the like, with the dust of leather or
cork, sawdust, metal filings, brick-dust, or some of these or analagous substances, the
whole being compressed. If the backing be formed or furnished with suitable
tapered recesses, such composition whilst soft can be compressed into the recesses.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view shewing a backing constructed of a dovetailed sheet A
of thin metal which is rivetted to a plain sheet B of metal by rivets c in the dovetailed
spaces b.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view shewing a backing such as represented in Fig. 1 fitted
with wearing pieces d, d having their edges perpendicular to the backing, made with
and secured by dovetail parts & and formed with continuous holes e whereby they may
be connected together by wire, sewing, &c.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view, similar to Fig. 2, but shewing the wearing pieces d
formed as oblique angled parallelograms so as to partly overlap one another and
thereby prevent the entrance of dirt.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the same, shewing the wearing pieces d built up

page_text: transversely of various strips of material 1, 2, 3, 4 formed with holes e for sewing,
rivetting or otherwise fastening the several strips together.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the same, where the wearing piece consists of a
solid, continuous piece of wood or other material extending across, or partly across
the backing, the wearing piece being maintained in position by means of wire
passed through the holes e formed in the triangular ridge a of the backing, or by
sewing or other convenient means.
Fig. 6 shews a perspective view of the same, where the wearing piece is also
continuous but built up vertically of various layers of material 1, 2, 3, 4 connected
together by sewing, rivetting or the like through the holes e.
Figs. 7 and 8 shew other ways of shaping the wearing pieces d to admit of their
being readily secured in position; these Figs. also shew other ways of shaping the
metal sheet or backing A.
Fig. 9 shews an inverted plan of a boot or shoe sole; the backing is cut to
the form of the sole with the dovetailed or corrugated sheet A rivetted to the
plain sheet B by rivets e; or the two sheets may be otherwise secured together.
The sheet B has holes therethrough all around the edge, for sewing to the boot
upper. The triangular ridges a do not extend quite across the sole, but are cut
a little short in order to allow room for part of the thickness of a continuous
strip of sole leather (shewn in dotted lines) which is secured in part of its
thickness by the dovetails b.
Fig. 10 shews in inverted plan a boot or shoe sole with the wearing pieces d in
position, flanked by the continuous strip of sole leather (or other material) g which
may be secured in position laterally by sewing, or otherwise as for instance by
lengths of wire as shewn at k k.
Fig. 11 is a side elevation of part of a boot with sole constructed according to this
invention. A thin piece of leather of the shape of the sole, may be inserted and
sewn between the boot upper and the plain sheet B. The space n in the heel,
between the plain sheet B and the dovetailed plate A, is filled in with wood or other
suitable material through which pass rivets m for connecting the two plates together.
Fig. 12 shews in plan, a removable backing B which is secured to an ordinary
boot or shoe sole by the bent-up projections o p and to the heel by a spring or clastic
projection . For the sake of strength and stiffness the motal is doubled at these
points and ribbed. To secure the backing to the heel a stout metal strip or clamp s, t, u
is employed bent to the proper form. This strip or clamp is furnished with spikes v
which project into the heel, and with a set screw at which presses the spring or
elastic projection into its holding position and at the same time draws the whole
backing securely its into place.
Fig. 13 is a side elevation of the same, shewing the removable backing with wearing
surface attached to the existing boot sole w of an ordinary boot or shoe which is
shown in dotted lines.
Fig. 13 shews a double backing with wearing pieces on both sides these wearing
pieces being shown tapered for the sake of flexibility.
Fig. 14 shews partly in elevation, and partly in section, a portion of a round belt
constructed acccording to this invention, a being the central core or strand, d the
wearing pieces, 22 distance pieces or washers with curved sides; and e'e¹ metal
eyelets which protect the material of the wearing pieces and washers from wear by
rubbing contact with the core or strand.
Fig. 15 shews partly in edge or side elevation, and partly in longitudinal section,
a flat belt according to this invention, its various parts being similarly lettered to
the corresponding parts in Fig 14.
Fig. 16 shews in plan or top view partly in horizontal section, such a belt constructed
with several cores or strands, the wearing pieces d being each continuous across the
width of the belt.
Fig. 17 is a cross section of the belt with one of the wearing pieces d, and two of
the distance pieces 2, in elevation.
Fig. 18 is a cross section of a flat belt in which the wearing pieces d are each

page_text: composed of several short pieces 1, 2, 3, necessitating the employment of transverse
holding bars e² (preferably of metal plate) arranged at suitable distances apart to bind
the cores or strands a' of the belt together. Also continuous wearing pieces such
as shown in Fig. 16 may alternate with the built up wearing pieces composed of
short pieces 1, 2 3.
Figs. 18 and 18b, shew other ways of joining short lengths of the wearing pieces
for building up wearing surfaces to extend across the width of a belt.
Fig. 19 is a plan or top view of a part of a belt such as shown in Fig. 18.
Fig. 20 shows a method of joining up the two ends of a belt according to this
invention by looping the strands a¹ (or the two ends of a single strand) at the joint J
and interweaving or "criss-crossing" them back through the double eyeletted
holes e¹¹ in the wearing pieces, each end a being secured in any suitable manner, as
for example by a knot. The double holes are preferably arranged symmetrically with
regard to the centre line of the straight part of the strand.
Fig. 21 shews a method of joining up the ends of a belt by means of two pulleys P
and P which assist in taking up slack, and protect the strands from too rapid bending.
Each arrangement allows of the taking up of slack; and it is evident that the same
kind of joint can be made with one pulley, around which passes one end of a strand, the
other end being connected by looping or knotting to the pulley frame.
Fig. 21 shews a form of joint produced without looping at J, one end of the strand
being passed over and threaded back in a criss-cross or zig-zag manner through the
extreme wearing pieces of the other end of the belt, and vice versa.
Fig. 22 is a plan of a press according to this invention for forming in sheet metal
dovetail recesses to receive correspondingly formed wearing pieces.
Fig. 23 is a cross section on the line a Fig. 22.
Fig. 24 is a longitudinal sectional elevation on the line y y Fig. 22.
Fig. 25 shews in cross section, the form of a metal sheet after being rolled or corru-
gated but before being formed with dovetail recesses.
1 is a metal frame in which are fixed guide bars 2 and 3 on which are placed a
series of dovetailing mandrils or parts 4. The frame 1 also carries closed bearings 5
and open bearings 6 which serve to hold the smaller guide rods 7 and 8 respectively.
These guide bars hold and maintain in parallel positions a series of smaller mandrils
or paris 9 which are triangular in cross section for a part of their length, and of
square form for the remainder of their length, as shewn. These triangular mandrils 9
are maintained in their normal positions laterally, by a series of short spiral springs 10;
the larger or lower dovetailing mandrils 4 are also normally kept apart by springs 11.
The guide rod 7 serves also as a hinge on which the smaller mandrits 9 may be turned
upward when necessary. When the smaller or upper mandrils 9 are turned down
into position, their free ends are held down firmly by a sliding plate 12 held in two
dovetailed or V shaped guides 13. 14 is a crosshead or block, and 15 is a screw of a
press whereby the lower series of mandrils 4 can be pressed towards each other.
The operation of this machine is as follows:-
When the metal sheet has been rolled to the corrugated form shewn in Fig. 25, it
is placed over the dovetailing mandrils 4, the mandrils 9 having been previously
raised. These mandrils 9 are then turned down upon the plate, and their free ends
securely held by sliding forward the plate 12.
The press is then put into operation to force together the mandrils 4 and corrugated
plate, which then takes the dovetail form required. On releasing the pressure, and
removing the plate 12 the sheet may be pulled out sideways, the springs 11 afterwards
causing the mandrils 4 to return to their normal positions.
Figs. 26 27 and 28 illustrate another construction of machine or apparatus for
forming dovetail recesses in sheet metal after the saine has been rolled to the channel
or corrugated form shewn in end and plan views in Figs. 29 and 30 respectively.
Fig. 26 is a plan; and
Figs. 27 and 28 side and end views respectively with certain bearings in section, of
so much of the machine as is necessary to illustrate its construction and operation.
16, 16 and 17, 17ª are two sets of vertical rolls of inverted conical or taper form,

page_text: the distance between the upper ends of the rolis of each pair being less than the width of
the grooved or channelled parts a* of the plate (Figs. 29 and 30) to be pressed into
dovetail form. The dovetailling is effected by first passing each channelled part a*
between the rolls 16, 16ª where the dovetailing of this part is partly effected and then
passing this part on between the rolls 17, 17" where, in consequence of the rolls being
placed closer together, the dovetailing is completed. 18 is the driving shaft; it is
supported in a bearing 19 and carries a bevel wheel 20 which drives a bevel wheel 21
which is fixed upon the same shaft 22 as that carrying the roll 16. This shaft 22
also carries a toothed wheel 23, arranged to gear with one or with two "idle cogs" 24
and 25 which in their turn are geared with and drive a toothed wheel 26 which is
thus made to revolve in the same direction as the wheel 23. The wheel 26 is secured
to the shaft which carries the roll 17. Thus when the driving shaft 18 and the
first set of rolls 16, 16 are rotated motion will be imparted to the second set of
rolls 17 17" which are geared together by long teeth. The rolls 16 and 16 are also
geared together by long teeth 27 and 27 as shown in Fig. 28. The rolls of each set
are supported in bearings in such a manner that their distance apart can be varied as
required by adjustable brasses 28 and 29 carried in suitable plummer blocks 30 and 31
respectively. The foot of the shaft 22 may be carried in a foot-step bearing 32. The
top of the table or bench is indicated by Fig. 28.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
caim is :-
1. A compound renewable wearing surface built up of wearing pieces of suitable
material in combination with a backing to which the said wearing pieces are secured
substantially as described.
2. A compound renewable wearing surface composed of wearing pieces of suitable
material in combination with a core whereby the said wearing pieces are connected
together substantially as described.
3. A combined compound renewable wearing surface and backing such as referred
to in claim 1 wherein the wearing pieces are made with parts of dovetail or equivalent
section that engage with channels or grooves of similar form in the backing in such a
manner that the wearing pieces are secured to the backing substantially as described.
4. A compound renewable wearing surface such as referred to in claim 1 in com-
bination with a flexible or, elastic backing substantially as described.
5. The combination with a backing of two compound renewable wearing
surfaces one attached to each side of the backing substantially as described.
6. A combined compound renewable wearing surface and backing such as referred
to in claim 1, wherein the wearing pieces are secured together by. sewing sub-
stantially as herein before described.
7. In a compound renewable wearing surface applied to a backing as referred to
in claim 1 the formation and arrangement of the wearing pieces in such a manner
that they partly overlap one another substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
8. Our improved compound wearing surfaces combined with backings substantially
as hereinhefore respectively described with reference to and shown in Fig. 2
Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 Fig. 6; Fig 7; Fig. 8 and Fig. 13ª of the drawings
annexed.
9. The combination with the sole of a boot or shoe of a compound renewable
wearing surface and a backing to which the wearing pieces constituting the said
compound wearing surface are secured substantially as described.
10. The combination with the sole of a boot or shoe of a compound renewable
wearing surface such as referred to in the preceding claim and a continuous strip of
suitable material such as sole leather arranged to extend around the edge of the
compound wearing surface substantially as described with reference to Fig. 10.
11. For the sole of a boot or shoe a backing such as described with reference to
Fig. 9 adapted to receive a compound renewable wearing surface.

page_text: 12. In combination with a sole for a boot or shoe, a backing and compound
renewable wearing surfaces such as described with reference to and illustrated in
Figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings or modified as in Fig. 11.
13. The improved renewable sole and heel wearing surfaces with removable backing
having projections and clamps for securing it to the sole and heel of a boot or shoe as.
described with reference to Figs 12 and 13 of the drawings.
14. The combination of renewable wearing pieces, a wire, rope, or strand, or wires,
ropes, or strands whereon such wearing pieces are threaded, and distance pieces
interposed between the wearing pieces the whole constituting a driving belt or rope
with compound renewable wearing surface substantially as described.
15. In a driving belt or rope of the kind referred to in the preceding claim,
providing the wearing pieces or the distance pieces, or both, with metal eyelets or
bushes substantially as hereinbefore described for the purpose specified.
16. Our improved driving belt constructed with renewable wearing surfaces and
distance pieces threaded on one or more wires, strands, or ropes substantially as herein-
before described with reference respectively to and shewn in Fig. 14; in Figs. 15
to 17 inclusive, and in Figs. 18 and 19, (or modified according to Fig. 18 or to
Fig. 18).
17. A belt such as referred to in claim 14 with the ends joined either as
illustrated in Fig. 20 or as in Fig. 21 or as in Fig. 21" of the drawings, and
described with reference thereto.
18. The manufacture substantially in the manner described of backing plates with
grooves or channels to receive and hold wearing pieces, the sheet metal being first
corrugated and afterwards having a dovetailed form imparted to its grooves or
channels by pressure between parts such as those represented at 4 and 9 in Figs. 22
23 and 24 of the drawings.
19. Our machine with parts 4 and 9, guide rods therefor, springs tending to keep
the parts 4 and 9 apart and cross head with suitable means for forcing the parts 4
and 9 towards one another for imparting the desired formation to the channels of a
corrugated plate between them substantially as described with reference to Eigs. 22
to 24 inclusive of the drawings.
20. For bending sheet metal to form backings with dovetail grooves or channels
the use of a machine such as described with reference to Figs. 26 to 28 inclusive of
the drawings.
Dated this 12th day of August 1989
ROBERT HAMMOND.
W. Lloyd Wise,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W., Agent for the Applicants.