IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE " OF LEAD, AND COLOR PENCILS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Theodor Lehmann, of Camden Square, in the County
of Middlesex, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
"
OF LEAD, AND COLOR PENCILS
ן,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Theodor Lehmann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1883.
THEODOR LEHMANN, of Camden Square, in the County of Middlesex, "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEAD, AND COLOR PENCILS
"
The object of this Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture
of lead, and color pencils, is to produce such pencils with a movable marking lead
or stick of color composition, in a very simple, cheap, and yet durable manner.
The improved pencils are designed to supersede the ordinary pencil having a
fixed marking centre encased in wood; in that they have a movable marking
centre which can be advanced for sharpening and use, and receded within its case
for protection of the point when the pencil is placed in the pocket and when worn
away can be continually replaced by new marking centres of nearly the whole
length of the pencil and in that the part of the pencil which is held is always of
the same length; and is not shortened as in the ordinary pencil by the
of the marking composition.
In the manufacture of the improved pencils, I make a tubular holder of about
the length, diameter, and general appearance of an ordinary pencil by boring a
piece of wood or lapping a sheet of paper, pasteboard, metal, or other suitable
substance round a mandril, cementing it at parts if required, or I make such a
tubular holder by moulding any suitable substance Within such a holder a regular
helix of fine wire is secured or such helix may be secured within or be encircled by
a thin metal tube which may be passed into and secured within the tubular holder.
At the pointed end of the pencil there is provided a removable conical tubular
closing piece a prolongation of which is externally threaded to engage with the
last few coils of the said helix, and when screwed down it gives the appearance
of an evenly pointed pencil of the ordinary kind. Throughout the length of the
Paine G21

page_text: holder and its inner coil, there is inserted from the rear end, a tube slotted longitu-
dinally throughout its length, and within this tube is a short slide tube with a
piece projecting through the slot of its outer tube and with an opposite spring slit
or closing piece which when projecting from its tube opens out to allow of the
ready introduction of the rear end of the length of lead or stick of color composi-
On the rear
tion and when within its tube securely holds and retains the same.
end of the slotted tube is secured a
head, and at a short distance there-
from, a flange of such a diameter as will just enter within the rear end of the
holder to the rear extremity of which the said helix does not quite reach. The
slotted tube with its inner lead holder at its rearmost position is pushed straight
through the helix within the holder from its rear end until the said milled head
abuts against the rear of the holder, and it is secured in this position, with freedom
of being turned, by the adhering of a cemented length of paper (lapped round
between its milled head and the said flange) or by other such means, to the outer
case at and within the rear end thereof.
When dry and secure, upon the milled head of the slotted tube being turned
forward, the projection of its inner holding tube engages between the helical coils
within the holder, and the holding tube and its lead is necessarily advanced within
the elotted tube, and the point of the lead or color projects through the conical
front end of the pencil. When the slotted tube is turned back, the marking centre
is correspondingly withdrawn, and its point protected.
When the slotted tube is once thus fixed, any additional leads are inserted into
the inner holder by advancing it to the front end of the pencil and removing the
conical closing piece.. A special advantage in the use of this closing piece is that
it serves as a useful guide for a pen-knife in sharpening the projecting end of the
movable marking centre.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Theodor Lehmann in the Great. Seal Patent Office on the
12th September 1883.
THEODOR LEHMANN, of Camden Square in the County of Middlesex " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEAD AND COLOR PENCILS"
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of lead and color
pencils, and its object is to produce pencils with a movable centre of lead, or
marking composition, in a very simple, cheap, and yet durable manner.
The improved pencils have a general appearance similar to that of ordinary
pencils having a fixed marking centre encased in wood, the use of which however
they are designed to supersede, in that they are greatly more advantageous in use,
having movable marking centres which can be advanced for sharpening and use,
and can be receded within their cases for protection of the points when the pencils
are placed in the pocket, and which marking centres, when worn away, can be
replaced by other marking centres of nearly the whole length of the pencil-and
in that the part of the pencil which is held is always of the same length; and
is not shortened, as in the ordinary pencil, by the sharpening of the marking
composition.
Such being the nature and object of the said Invention, I will now proceed to
describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed
or carried into practical effect, and in order that the said Invention may be
completely understood I have annexed hereunto a sheet of drawings drawn to an
enlarged scale, and illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with Figures of
reference corresponding with those in the following description thereof.
In the manufacture of the improved pencils, I make a tubular holder 1, (shown
in elevation and plan in Figs 1; and in section in Fig 2) of about the length,
diameter, and general appearance of an ordinary pencil, by cementing and lapping
a sheet of paper or pasteboard or other suitable substance round a mandril; or I
make such a tubular holder by moulding any suitable substance, or of sheet metal,
Within the holder
or by boring a piece of wood, or in any other convenient way.
is secured a thin metal tube 2, shown in elevation and plan in Figs 3, and which
encircles and secures a regular helix 3, of fine wire, shown in elevation and plan
in Figs 4, or the helix 3, may be secured within the tube 1, thereby dispensing
with the tube 2. At the pointed end of the pencil, there is provided a removable
conical tubular metal or other closing piece 4, (shown in elevation and plan in
Figs 5, and in section in Fig 6,) a prolongation 5, of which is formed with an
external screw thread 6, to engage with the last few coils of the helix 3, and
when screwed down, it gives the appearance of an evenly pointed pencil of the
ordinary kind, as shown in Figs 12, Throughout the greater part of the length
of the helix 3, there is inserted from the rear end, a thin metal tube 7, (shown in
elevation and plan in Figs 7) which is slotted at 8, throughout its length, and
within this tube there is placed a short metal slide tube 9, (shown in side and front
elevation respectively in Figs 8 and 9) having a piece 10, which projects through
the slot 8, of the tube 7, and having an opposite slit or spring closing piece 11,
which, when projecting from the end of the tube 7, opens out as shown in Fig 8,
to allow of the ready introduction of the rear end of the length of lead or stick
of color or marking composition 12, and when within the tube 7, as shown in
Fig 13, securely holds and retains the said composition. On the rear end of the
tube 7, is secured a milled head 13, and at a short distance therefrom a flange 14,
of such a diameter as will just enter within the enlarged mouth 15, (see Fig 2) at
the rear end of the holder 1, to which part 15, the helix 3, just reaches. The
tube 7, with its inner lead holder 9, at its rearmost position is pushed straight

page_text: through the helix 3, when within the tube 2, and holder 1, from the rear end, until
the milled head 13, nearly abuts against the rear end of the holder 1, the milled
head 13, and its tube 7, are then turned forward so as to cause the projection 10,
of the lead holder 9, to enter between the last few coils of the helix 3, and the
parts are secured in this position, (with freedom to the tubes 7, and 9, of being
turned, and to the holder 9, of being advanced and receded,) by the adhering to
and within the enlarged mouth 15, of the holder 1, as shown in Fig 13. of a
cemented length of paper 16, (shown in elevation and plan in Figs 10 and in
section in Fig 11,) which is lapped round the part 17, between the milled head 13,
and the flange 14, or by other such means.
When dry and secure, upon the milled head 13, of the tube 7, being turned
further forward, the projection 10, of the lead-holding tube 9, progresses between
the coils of the helix 3, and the holding tube 9, and its lead 12, are necessarily
turned and advanced within the tube 7, and the point of the marking composition
is advanced through the conical front end 4, of the pencil. When the tube 7, is
turned back, the marking centre is correspondingly withdrawn within the piece 4,
and its point is protected thereby.
When the tube 7, is once thus located within the holder 1, any additional leads
are inserted into the lead-holder 9, after advancing it to the front end of the pencil
and removing the piece 4, The front end of the tube 7, is formed with an inclined
or projecting point 18, to ensure the projection 10, of the holder 9, being caught
and guided into the slot S. A special advantage in the use of the piece 4, is that
it serves as a useful guide for a penknife is sharpening the projecting end of the
movable marking centre 12, which may consist of a length of lead, or of slate, or
of a stick of any suitable color or marking composition.
Fig 12, shows an elevation of the improved pencil, and Fig 13 a section thereof,
showing the tube 2, the helix 3, and the tube 7, broken away at different parts of
their length.
Having thus particularly described the nature and object of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as constituting the Invention secured to me by
the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is :-
In the manufacture of pencils having movable centres of lead or other marking
composition; The combination with a holder containing a fixed helix throughout
the greater portion of its length, of an inner slotted tube fitted so that it can be
rotated within the helix by external means at the rear of the pencil, and carrying
a removable holder for the marking-centre, and which can be rotated with and
advanced within the slotted tube, and of a removable piece through which the
marking centre protrudes, and which can be caused to engage with the front 4
end of the helix; substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
In Witness whereof, I, the said Theodor Lehmann have hereunto set my hand
and seal this 1st day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
| hundred and eighty three.
4
Witness.
CHARLES AUBREY DAY. Fel. Inst. P.A;"
Office for Patents, Trade Marks, & Designs.
321, High Holborn. London. W.C.
TH. LEHMANN (L.S.)