IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Goodwin Green, of Church Gresley Pottery,
in the County of Derby, Earthenware Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE."
Sealed the 19th November 1867, and dated the 23rd May 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Goodwin Green
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd May 1867.
I, THOMAS GOODWIN GREEN, of Church Gresley Pottery, in the County
of Derby, Earthenware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF EARTHEN-
WARE," to be as follows:-
The object of these improvements is to economise production by using an
inferior or inexpensive body or material as the foundation or basis for a facing
or covering of superior body or material, the process being most suitable for
large pieces of ware requiring a considerable quantity of material in their
construction.
By way of illustration I may state that the process I prefer to adopt is as
follows:-For thrown ware such as jugs, chambers, bowls, jelly cans, and such

page_text: like articles, after throwing, when the piece of ware is sufficiently dry wash it
inside with the clay in a slip state with which it is desired to cover the original
body as is at present the practice for washing yellow and other ware, then
turn it, and whilst on the lathe blow on to it with a turner's bottle or other
suitable means slip of similar character to the inside wash, covering it to
within about half an inch of the foot, thus covering the entire surface
excepting the top edge and bottom portion of the piece of ware; to com-
plete the covering take the piece of ware from the lathe by the portion left
uncovered at the foot, and before setting it down to dry dip the top into a dish
of slip so far as it is uncovered, and when after being placed to dry the slip
upon the sides is sufficiently dry to bear touching without injury, take up the
piece of ware and dip the foot in slip so far as that portion may be uncovered,
after which invert the article to dry. Where handling or spouting is required,
complete the piece of ware by handling or spouting with clay and slip of
similar material or body with that of which the wash or slip is composed.
Another method for thrown ware is as follows:-After turning, as before
described, instead of blowing on the slip, dip the piece of ware in slip, holding
it by the top and dipping it as near the top as convenient; after this set it
down upon its top to dry, so that it may be taken up without injuring the slip
or face, then dip the top until the slip meets the portion already covered, and
afterwards handle and spout the ware if required, as before mentioned, or if
preferred, after turning the ware handle and spout the same with similar clay
or material to the original body, and immediately afterwards dip it in slip, as
before described.
For making dishes proceed as follows: If made outside the moulds then
immediately after the clay is worked on the mould place the latter upon a
whirler fixed at an angle of about 45 degrees, and pour on the slip (with which
it is desired to cover the basis) whilst the whirler is being turned round
which will leave an even covering upon the outer surface; when the dish is
dry enough to leave the mould take it off and top it, and afterwards dip the
top in the slip which should be done by a lifter and not by hand, in order to
avoid injuring the article; after this proceed to wash the inside by pouring
slip down the inside of the dish, turning it upon a whirler during the process
until sufficient slip is introduced to the inside of the dish to cover the inner
surface, then place the dish for drying until ready for the kiln. For dishes
ad such like articles made inside moulds, wash inside with slip immediately
after the clay or basis is worked into the mould; when sufficiently dry to leave
the mould top it, then wash outside as described for dishes outside moulded,
and then immediately complete the covering by dipping the top.

page_text: The process described for dishes inside moulded may be adopted for covering
foot pans, chair pans, and other articles of similar description.
The details herein-before described may be modified according to the nature
of the articles and the process of manufacture.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Goodwin Green in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd November 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
GOODWIN GREEN, of Church Gresley Pottery, in the County of Derby,
Earthenware Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Goodwin Green, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas
Goodwin Green, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Thomas Goodwin Green, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF EARTHEN-
WARE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas
Goodwin Green, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Goodwin Green, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of these improvements is to economize production by using an
inferior or inexpensive body or material as the foundation or basis for a com-
plete facing or covering of superior body or material, except where any

page_text: portion of the body or basis may be desired to be exposed for ornamental
effect, the same being most suitable for large pieces of ware requiring a
considerable quantity of material for their construction.
The processes I have adopted and found to effect the above object are as
follows: For thrown ware, such as jugs, chambers, bowls, jelly cans, and
such like articles, after throwing, when the piece of ware is sufficiently dry
wash it inside with the clay in a slip state with which it is desired to cover
the original body as is at present the practice for washing yellow and other
ware; then turn it, and whilst on the lathe blow on to it with a turner's bottle
or other suitable means slip of similar character to the inside wash, covering
it to within about half an inch of the foot, thus covering the entire surface
excepting the top edge and bottom portion of the piece of ware. To complete
the covering take the piece of ware from the lathe by the portion left un-
covered at the foot, and before setting it down to dry dip the top into a dish
of slip so far as it is uncovered, and when after being placed to dry the slip
upon the sides is sufficiently dry to bear touching without injury, take up the
piece of ware and dip the foot in slip so far as that portion may be uncovered,
after which invert the article to dry. Where handling or spouting is required
complete the piece of ware by handling or spouting with clay and slip of
similar material or body with that of which the wash or slip is composed.
Another method for thrown ware is as follows:-After turning as before
described instead of blowing on the slip dip the piece of ware in slip, holding
it by the top and dipping it as near the top as convenient, after this set it
down upon its top to dry so that it may be taken up without injuring the slip
or face, then dip the top until the slip meets the portion already covered, and
afterwards handle and spout the same with similar clay or material to the
original body, and immediately afterwards dip it in slip as before described; or
if preferred handle and spout with body clay before dipping.
For making dishes proceed as follows:-If made outside the moulds then
immediately after the clay is worked on the mould place the latter upon a
whirler fixed at an angle of about forty-five degrees and pour on the slip (with
which it is desired to cover the basis) whilst the whirler is being turned round,
which will leave an even covering upon the outer surface; when the dish is
dry enough to leave the mould take it off and top it, and afterwards dip the
top in the slip, which should be done by a lifter and not by hand, in order to
avoid injuring the article; after this proceed to wash the inside by pouring
slip down the inside of the dish, turning it upon a whirler during the process
until sufficient slip is introduced to the inside of the dish to cover the inner
surface, then place the dish for drying until ready for the kiln. For dishes

page_text: and such like articles made inside moulds, wash inside with slip immediately
after the clay or basis is worked into the mould, when sufficiently dry to leave
the mould top it, then wash outside, as described for dishes outside moulded,
and then immediately complete the covering by dipping the top.
The process described for dishes inside moulded may be adapted for covering
foot pans, chair pans, and other articles of similar description; where the top of
the ware is required to shew an exposed surface of the body clay or basis to
give the effect of lined ware the top must not be dipped in the slip of superior
clay or material.
For what is known as cast ware, in the manufacture of which I have found
my Invention to be particularly advantageous, I adopt the following processes
and arrangements:-I use the moulds ordinarily used in this branch of manu-
facture, making them in one, two, or three parts, as may be necessary,
I
wash the inside of the mould with the slip clay of which the outer surface is
desired to be formed, I then fill the mould with inferior slip of which the
main body is to be composed, leaving it until sufficient clay has deen drawn
to the mould to form the required thickness, after which I empty the mould
of the inferior slip and allow it to stand until sufficiently set, and then I wash
the inner surface with slip of such quality as may be desired for that surface,
leaving the mould to dry until the ware is in a fit state to be withdrawn there-
from in the ordinary manner, after which I top the ware as usual (which
when for ornamental effect I wish to produce "lined ware completes the
process, as a band of the inner clay is thus left round the top, giving it the
effect of "lined" ware); but if in order to complete the facing or covering of
the article it is desired that the top of the ware shall be the same as the
outer and inner surface I dip it in slip of the same character.
"
If it is desired that the top of the ware shall be entirely of the same
material as that used for the inner and outer surfaces, but superior to the
main body of the ware, such result may be achieved by the following means:-
For all ware having flanged or projecting tops, or tops turning outwards, I
first wash the mould for the outer face as before described, then I place a ring
of tin or other material about two inches in depth upon the flange or upper
portion of the piece of ware in course of construction (such ring being of
shape corresponding to the shape of the mould and having the lower edge
covered with a soft or elastic material in order to obtain a tight joint between
the clay lining of the mould and the ring), then I fill the mould inside the
ring with inferior slip to the height required, and I also fill the space between
the ring and the mould to the same height with slip of the character required
for the top, immediately withdrawing the the ring, leaving the mould to stand

page_text: until the required thickness of clay has been obtained, after which I empty
the mould of the remaining slip by suction, as for instance, by the use of a
syringe of calibre large enough to allow the clay to be freely drawn into and
discharged from the same, and having its nozzle part of such shape as to be
adapted to the piece of ware being operated upon. The syringe or means of
suction employed must have a guage or guide affixed thereto to prevent its
being projected too far into the mould, and also to maintain it in a fixed
position whilst operating, or other means of effecting suction that will not
deface the piece of ware by contact with the clay that has become attached to
the mould may be adopted; after this I allow the mould to rest until the
clay has acquired a proper consistency, and then for the inner face I wash
the inside with slip of the kind required, which will result in leaving a solid top
or edge of the superior material. Where handling or spouting is required
I cast or press them of material of such kind as may be desired, attaching
them in the usual manner.
For ware having straight or converging sides at the top, first I wash the
mould as berein-before described for outer face, then I fill it with inferior slip
up to within about half an inch of the top, upon which I place a float, as herein-
after described, of wood or other suitable material, the shape or contour of
the float to be that of the mould, but of such size as when placed on the
slip as to leave a margin all round of about a quarter of an inch between it
and the face of the mould, then I admit upon the centre of the float slip of
the material required for the top of the ware sufficient in quantity to complete
the body of the piece of ware, after which I allow the mould to stand until a
sufficient thickness of clay is obtained, and empty the superior slip above the
float by suction or otherwise, as before described, and afterwards withdraw the
float and empty the remaining inferior slip by similar means, when I leave
the mould until fit for inside washing with slip of the kind required, and if
The float
necessary I handle and spout as before described for flanged ware.
before mentioned should have a spindle of the required length of wire or other
material passing through its centre, the lower end being weighted in order to
keep the float in a horizontal position, the float also being weighted until of
equal density with the inferior slip.
The Drawing accompanying these Presents shews the lifter herein-before
refered to, which will be readily understood upon inspection thereof and
perusal of the descriptive statement contained on the same Sheet with the said
Drawing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or put in opera-

page_text: tion, I hereby declare that I claim the Invention of improvements in the
manufacture of articles of earthenware as herein-before described, whereby
I am enabled to economize production by using an inferior or inexpensive
body or material as the foundation or basis for a complete facing or covering
of superior body or material, excepting where any portion of the body or basis
may be desired to be exposed for ornamental effect, it being understood that
I do not claim the mere details of the processes herein described, except as
combined and used with the object and for the purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Goodwin Green, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of November, in the
our Lord One thousand eight bundred and sixty-seven.
year of
THOS. G. GREEN. (L.S.)
Witness,
ALEX. P. WRIGHT,
Secretary, Inventors' Patent Right Association,
Limited.

page_text: being
in a suitable framing, and capable of
raised or lowered by the lever B or other convenient
means.
C is a chuck or plate, fixed on the spindle A,
on which is placed the block D, to receive the
article of pottery F, under operation.
The upper part of the framing carries an annular
trough E which is filled with the slip or material
required.
On lowering the rod A, the edge of the article
and it can
and it can be again
F is immersed
elevated by the
The block D is
in the slip
in the slip
lever (B).
made hollow underneath, so that it ca
be lifted by hand, and the article of pottery (F)
which has been immersed in the slip can be taken away
to dry without the facing sustaining injury from the ho

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Goodwin Green, of Church Gresley Pottery,
in the County of Derby, Earthenware Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Goodwin Green
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd May 1867.
I, THOMAS GOODWIN GREEN, of Church Gresley Pottery, in the County
of Derby, Earthenware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF EARTHEN-
WARE," to be as follows:-
The object of these improvements is to economise production by using an
inferior or inexpensive body or material as the foundation or basis for a facing
or covering of superior body or material, the process being most suitable for
large pieces of ware requiring a considerable quantity of material in their
construction.
By way of illustration I may state that the process I prefer to adopt is as
follows: For thrown ware such as jugs, chambers, bowls, jelly cans, and such

page_text: ware,
like articles, after throwing, when the piece of ware is sufficiently dry wash it
inside with the clay in a slip state with which it is desired to cover the original
body as is at present the practice for washing yellow and other then
turn it, and whilst on the lathe blow on to it with a turner's bottle or other
suitable means slip of similar character to the inside wash, covering it to
within about half an inch of the foot, thus covering the entire surface
excepting the top edge and bottom portion of the piece of ware; to com-
plete the covering take the piece of ware from the lathe by the portion left
uncovered at the foot, and before setting it down to dry dip the top into a dish
of slip so far as it is uncovered, and when after being placed to dry the slip
upon the sides is sufficiently dry to bear touching without injury, take up the
piece of ware and dip the foot in slip so far as that portion may be uncovered,
after which invert the article to dry. Where handling or spouting is required,
complete the piece of ware by handling or spouting with clay and slip of
similar material or body with that of which the wash or slip is composed.
Another method for thrown ware is as follows:-After turning, as before
described, instead of blowing on the slip, dip the piece of ware in slip, holding
it by the top and dipping it as near the top as convenient ; after this set it
down upon its top to dry, so that it may be taken up without injuring the slip
or face, then dip the top until the slip meets the portion already covered, and
afterwards handle and spout the ware if required, as before mentioned, or if
preferred, after turning the ware handle and spout the same with similar clay
or material to the original body, and immediately afterwards dip it iu slip, as
before described.
For making dishes proceed as follows:-If made outside the moulds then
immediately after the clay is worked on the mould place the latter upon a
whirler fixed at an angle of about 45 degrees, and pour on the slip (with which
it is desired to cover the basis) whilst the whirler is being turned round
which will leave an even covering upon the outer surface; when the dish is
dry enough to leave the mould take it off and top it, and afterwards dip the
top in the slip which should be done by a lifter and not by hand, in order to
avoid injuring the article; after this proceed to wash the inside by pouring
slip down the inside of the dish, turning it upon a whirler during the process
until sufficient slip is introduced to the inside of the dish to cover the inner
surface, then place the dish for drying until ready for the kiln. For dishes
ad such like articles made inside moulds, wash inside with slip immediately
after the clay or basis is worked into the mould; when sufficiently dry to leave
the mould top it, then wash outside as described for dishes outside moulded,
and then immediately complete the covering by dipping the top.

page_text: The process described for dishes inside moulded may be adopted for covering
foot pans, chair pans, and other articles of similar description.
The details herein-before described may be modified according to the nature
of the articles and the process of manufacture.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Goodwin Green in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd November 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. THOMAS
GOODWIN GREEN, of Church Gresley Pottery, in the County of Derby,
Earthenware Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Goodwin Green, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas
Goodwin Green, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Thomas Goodwin Green, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF EARTHEN-
WARE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas
Goodwin Green, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Goodwin Green, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of these improvements is to economize production by using an
inferior or inexpensive body or material as the foundation or basis for a com-
plete facing or covering of superior body or material, except where any

page_text: portion of the body or basis may be desired to be exposed for ornamental
effect, the same being most suitable for large pieces of ware requiring a
considerable quantity of material for their construction.
The processes I have adopted and found to effect the above object are as
follows: For thrown ware, such as jugs, chambers, bowls, jelly cans, and
such like articles, after throwing, when the piece of ware is sufficiently dry
wash it inside with the clay in a slip state with which it is desired to cover
the original body as is at present the practice for washing yellow and other
ware; then turn it, and whilst on the lathe blow on to it with a turner's bottle
or other suitable means slip of similar character to the inside wash, covering
it to within about half an inch of the foot, thus covering the entire surface
excepting the top edge and bottom portion of the piece of ware. To complete
the covering take the piece of ware from the lathe by the portion left un-
covered at the foot, and before setting it down to dry dip the top into a dish
of slip so far as it is uncovered, and when after being placed to dry the slip
upon the sides is sufficiently dry to bear touching without injury, take up the
piece of ware and dip the foot in slip so far as that portion may be uncovered,
after which invert the article to dry. Where handling or spouting is required
complete the piece of ware by handling or spouting with clay and slip of
similar material or body with that of which the wash or slip is composed.
Another method for thrown ware is as follows:-After turning as before
described instead of blowing on the slip dip the piece of ware in slip, holding
it by the top and dipping it as near the top as convenient, after this set it
down upon its top to dry so that it may be taken up without injuring the slip
or face, then dip the top until the slip meets the portion already covered, and
afterwards handle and spout the same with similar clay or material to the
original body, and immediately afterwards dip it in slip as before described; or
if preferred handle and spout with body clay before dipping.
For making dishes proceed as follows:-If made outside the moulds then
immediately after the clay is worked on the mould place the latter upon a
whirler fixed at an angle of about forty-five degrees and pour on the slip (with
which it is desired to cover the basis) whilst the whirler is being turned round,
which will leave an even covering upon the outer surface; when the dish is
dry enough to leave the mould take it off and top it, and afterwards dip the
top in the slip, which should be done by a lifter and not by hand, in order to
void injuring the article; after this proceed to wash the inside by pouring
slip down the inside of the dish, turning it upon a whirler during the process
until sufficient slip is introduced to the inside of the dish to cover the inner
surface, then place the dish for drying until ready for the kiln. For dishes

page_text: and such like articles made inside moulds, wash inside with slip immediately
after the clay or basis is worked into the mould, when sufficiently dry to leave
the mould top it, then wash outside, as described for dishes outside moulded,
and then immediately complete the covering by dipping the top.
The process described for dishes inside moulded may be adapted for covering
foot pans, chair pans, and other articles of similar description; where the top of
the ware is required to shew an exposed surface of the body clay or basis to
give the effect of lined ware the top must not be dipped in the slip of superior
clay or material.
I
For what is known as cast ware, in the manufacture of which I have found
my Invention to be particularly advantageous, I adopt the following processes
and arrangements:-I use the moulds ordinarily used in this branch of manu-
facture, making them in one, two, or three parts, as may be necessary.
wash the inside of the mould with the slip clay of which the outer surface is
desired to be formed, I then fill the mould with inferior slip of which the
main body is to be composed, leaving it until sufficient clay has deen drawn
to the mould to form the required thickness, after which I empty the mould
of the inferior slip and allow it to stand until sufficiently set, and then I wash
the inner surface with slip of such quality as may be desired for that surface,
leaving the mould to dry until the ware is in a fit state to be withdrawn there-
from in the ordinary manner, after which I top the ware as usual (which
when for ornamental effect I wish to produce "lined" ware completes the
process, as a band of the inner clay is thus left round the top, giving it the
effect of "lined" ware); but if in order to complete the facing or covering of
the article it is desired that the top of the ware shall be the same as the
outer and inner surface I dip it in slip of the same character.
If it is desired that the top of the ware shall be entirely of the same
material as that used for the inner and outer surfaces, but superior to the
main body of the ware, such result may be achieved by the following means:-
For all ware having flanged or projecting tops, or tops turning outwards, I
first wash the mould for the outer face as before described, then I place a ring
of tin or other material about two inches in depth upon the flange or upper
portion of the piece of ware in course of construction (such ring being of
shape corresponding to the shape of the mould and having the lower edge
covered with a soft or elastic material in order to obtain a tight joint between
the clay lining of the mould and the ring), then I fill the mould inside the
ring with inferior slip to the height required, and I also fill the space between
the ring and the mould to the same height with slip of the character required
for the top, immediately withdrawing the the ring, leaving the mould to stand

page_text: until the required thickness of clay has been obtained, after which I empty
the mould of the remaining slip by suction, as for instance, by the use of a
syringe of calibre large enough to allow the clay to be freely drawn into and
discharged from the same, and having its nozzle part of such shape as to be
adapted to the piece of ware being operated upon. The syringe or means of
suction employed must have a guage or guide affixed thereto to prevent its
being projected too far into the mould, and also to maintain it in a fixed
position whilst operating, or other means of effecting suction that will not
deface the piece of ware by contact with the clay that has become attached to
the mould may be adopted; after this I allow the mould to rest until the
clay has acquired a proper consistency, and then for the inner face I wash
the inside with slip of the kind required, which will result in leaving a solid top
or edge of the superior material. Where handling or spouting is required
I cast or press them of material of such kind as may be desired, attaching
them in the usual manner.
For ware having straight or converging sides at the top, first I wash the
mould as herein-before described for outer face, then I fill it with inferior slip
up to within about half an inch of the top, upon which I place a float, as herein-
after described, of wood or other suitable material, the shape or contour of
the float to be that of the mould, but of such size. as when placed on the
slip as to leave a margin all round of about a quarter of an inch between it
and the face of the mould, then I admit upon the centre of the float slip of
the material required for the top of the ware sufficient in quantity to complete
the body of the piece of ware, after which I allow the mould to stand until a
sufficient thickness of clay is obtained, and empty the superior slip above the
float by suction or otherwise, as before described, and afterwards withdraw the
float and empty the remaining inferior slip by similar means, when I leave
the mould until fit for inside washing with slip of the kind required, and if
necessary I handle and spout as before described for flanged ware. The float
before mentioned should have a spindle of the required length of wire or other
material passing through its centre, the lower end being weighted in order to
keep the float in a horizontal position, the float also being weighted until of
equal density with the inferior slip.
The Drawing accompanying these Presents shews the lifter herein-before
refered to, which will be readily understood upon inspection thereof and
perusal of the descriptive statement contained on the same Sheet with the said
Drawing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or put in opera-

page_text: tion, I hereby declare that I claim the Invention of improvements in the
manufacture of articles of earthenware as herein-before described, whereby
I am enabled to economize production by using an inferior or inexpensive
body or material as the foundation or basis for a complete facing or covering
of superior body or material, excepting where any portion of the body or basis
may be desired to be exposed for ornamental effect, it being understood that
I do not claim the mere details of the processes herein described, except as
combined and used with the object and for the purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Goodwin Green, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
THOS. G. GREEN. (L.S.)
Witness,
ALEX. P. WRIGHT,
Secretary, Inventors' Patent Right Association,
Limited.

page_text: in a suitable framing, and capable of being
raised or lowered by the lever B or other convenient
means.
C is a chuck or plate, fixed on the spindle A,
on which is placed the block D, to receive the
article of pottery F, under operation.
The upper part of the framing carries an annular
trough E which is filled with the slip or material
required.
On lowering the rod A, the edge of the article
F is immersed in the slip and it can
be again
elevated by the lever (B).
The block D is made hollow underneath, so that it can
be lifted by hand, and the article of pottery (F)
which has been immersed in the slip can be taken away
to dry without the facing sustaining injury from the ha