Improvements in Self-acting Sliding and Screw-cutting Gap Bed Lathes.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Feb., 1898
Complete Specification Lelt, 21st Nov., 1893-Accepted, 21st Feb.,
1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Self-acting Sliding and Screw-cutting Gap
Bed Lathes.
I, THOMAS GREENWOOD, Mechanical Engineer, 33, Brompton Street, Cheetham,
Manchester, in the County of Lancashire, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
-
My invention relates to lathes for turning and boring metal, especially in
gap bed lathes. The improvements are such as to make lathes that are driven
by cone pulleys more powerfull and increases the number of working speeds got from
the same driving belt and cone pulleys as now in use, more accurate work, with
increased production. With the cost of production in several parts of the lathe
reduced; made more handy for the turner to do his work, and by the increased
power enabling the lathe to have more cutting edges at work at the same time,
for either boring or turning. I have accordingly made improvements for bor-
ing and turning, also several other parts of the lathe. For showing the improve-
ments I have taken the ordinary 8 inch centre lathe as now made for com-
parisons. Say with cone pulleys having four speeds 4, 6, 8, and 10 inches in
diameter, with the usual double geared wheels 9 to 1. To take 32 inches dia-
meter in the gap, with a gap & inches wide in front of large face plate. In
place of having the cone pulley (as fixed on the counter shaft which forms a
part of the overhead motion of the lathe) made with the same diameters as the
cone pulley on the lathe spindle as is now, I make the driver or counter shaft
cone pulley with the smallest speed the same diameter as the largest speed
of the driven cone pulley; and such that the same belt has equal tension on all
the four speeds. This secures the maximum belt friction which as a rule will
increase the cutting power to four or five times more for the larger strokes and
for turning and boring all the larger diameters in both single speed and in
double gear than is now possible. Whereas as now constructed the belt friction
(which in reality the power transmitted entirely depends on) decreases in pro-
portion as the metal being cut is larger in diameter; which of course is
rediculouse, even from a mechanical point of view. As stated above I would
make the counter shaft or driver cone pulleys for the above with their smallest
speeds the same diameter as the largest speed of the driven cone pulleys.
Though it may seen objectionable for very large lathes on account of the extra
size of the overhead cone pulleys; it will be found quite as important. However
if the smallest speeds of the top cones for large lathes are only made double the
size of the smallest speed of its fellow cone pulley on the lathe spindle with the
other speeds increased as stated, such that the same belt has equal or adjustable
tension on all speeds. It will of course double the cutting power for the large
diameters in both single speed and for double and treble gears, I also construct
this counter shaft part of the invention with double geared wheels so as to take
full advantage of the increased belt-friction, which wheels also create double
the number of speeds to work at, and turns a much larger diameter before

page_text: requiring the ordinary double gear; also enables the lathe to turn the largest
diameter in the gap at a cutting speed of 12 ft. per minute while at the same
time having a usefull maximum quick speed of 300 revolutions per minute
when working with the single speed, which ought to be the speed of the ordinary
Sinch centre lathe, so as to be usefull for polishing and for turning and drill-
ing small sizes. Whereas at this speed the ordinary 8 inch centre lathe with
gap will only turn 9 inches diameter at a cutting speed of 12 ft. per minute.
The counter shaft in question is driven by a single belt from a pulley on the
line shaft, which belt works on three pulleys. The one nearest to the cone
pulley is keyed on the shaft. The middle pulley is loose and the other is keyed
on to the barrel which works loose on the shaft with one of the double geared
wheels named above fixed at the other end of the barrel and works close to the
bearing of the hanger, and gears into a larger wheel which is fixed on the end
of a short spindle which works in a bearing cast to the hanger, with a smaller
wheel fixed on the other end of the above spindle and gears into a larger wheel
fixed on the counter shaft at the other side of the bearing. For a 8 inch centre
lathe the two small wheels have each 15 teeth in and the two larger ones each
30 teeth, all pitch, such that when the driving belt is on the pulley fixed to
the barrel, the counter shaft will only make one fourth the number of revolutions
that it makes when on the pulley that is keyed to the shaft. With the cone
pulleys of the following diameters, 4, 6, 8, and 11 inches on the lathe spindle,
and 11, 13, 15, and 17 inches on the counter shaft. Also with the ordinary double
gear of the lathe slightly altered so that a pinion with 15 teeth fixed on the cone
pulley on lathe spindle works into a wheel with 50 teeth which is fixed on a
barrel with a pinion having 15 teeth to work into a wheel with 50 teeth fixed
on the lathe spindle. By the above improved overhead motion with the same
belt or strap guide the turner is enabled to turn or bore a much larger diameter
without putting into gear the ordinary double gear and in place of only being
able to get 8 speeds as now, he will be able to get 16 which of course will give
more suitable cutting speeds to work at; and as in some cases both for screw-
cutting, and for tapping holes, with the ordinary taps, an extra driving belt
is used for reversing the motion, for quickly returning the lathe saddle or the
tap. For this purpose it only requires one extra pulley on the counter shaft,
arranged as follows. A loose pulley 5 inches wide on the barrel, one 2½ inches
wide fixed on the end of barrel, one 2 inches wide fixed on counter shaft and
a loose pulley 7 inches wide. Then with the ordinary driving belt on the
pulley fixed to the barrel for screw-cutting or tapping, the saddle or taps will
be returned at four times the cutting speed when the reversing belt is on the
pulley which is fixed to the counter shaft. Also allows the ordinary driving belt
to be used on either the slow or fast speed pulleys without taking off the revers-
ing belt. Having improved the speed and power of the lathe as shown, I have
also improved other parts of the lathe so as to be in accordance. In place of
the ordinary following stay or support I construct one to be fixed on the surfac-
ing slide of the lathe saddle in the usual way, but with three tools fixed in a
radial direction, so as to be at an angle of about 120 degrees to each other and
in a plane at right angles to the shaft being turned with the tool on the top side
in a vertical position and adjustable by a suitable slide. The cutting edges of
the above three tools to be ground to a suitable gauge to be applied to the sides
of the tools, so that when fixed all the tools starte cutting at the same time, with
suitable adjustable steel dies to follow close to each tool. In place of the ordi-
nary boring tool as fixed on the slide rest of the lathe, which as a rule has only
one cutting edge, but is also used with a cutter with two cutting edges; I con-
struct a boring tool or bar with two cutters, each with two cutting edges, these
cutters are notched into each other and so as to be turned to the size required
when fixed, before being filed to the proper clearance for hardening, these
cutters are lipped over a smaller part of the bar in front, which is also shaped to
fit the sides of the cutters, also with a cotter way for drawing the cutters into

page_text: four recesses cut at the end of the large part of the bar, such that the two cutters
are substancially fixed by a cotter, and of course the larger part of the bar has
also a cotter-way and a hole for receiving the smaller part of the bar, with a
teliscope bush or sleeve fitted on the larger part of the bar, with a set screw at
one end for setting it to any required distance from the cutters, with a suitable
number of counter sunk holes in the bar, but so that the set screws need not
press hard on the bar also with a suitable tongue piece fitted in the bush to slide
in a feather way cut in the bar with the outside of the bush fitted into a suit-
able stay fixed on either the surfacing slide or lathe bed, and so as to be quickly
changed to either end of bar which may have two sets of cutter in, one set for
roughing the other for finishing sizes with feather way cut in the sleeve bush
for the set screw to bear against as fitted in stay and such that it may be used
with or without a part of the bar passing into an ordinary steady bush as fixed
at the end of the lathe spindle and may have the feed motion given to the
cutters either by the lathe saddle or the shoot or barrel of the loose headstock.
Also two rests or tool holders for the slide rest part of the lathe, one is about
26 inches long by 6 inches wide on the face or top side with two T bolt grooves
full length, with a circular part at the bottom at one side and near one end so as
to be readily fixed on the bottom part of the slide rest so as to form a arm and
rest for fixing tools on when turning large diameters in front of the gap also
for fixing a number of tools on when turning large face plates, or such as cone
pulleys. The other is for the top part of the slide rest, with five tools fixed on
the periphery of a boss or disk by set screws also with an adjustable screw for
setting each tool to the proper hight for cutting, with the screw ends to bear on
the end of a suitable lever which lever can be quickly changed to any of the
tools required, with hole in the boss or disk to fit on to a suitable turned part as
fixed to the slide rest of the lathe. Also an adjustable iron bearer with a port-
able wood V block at the top so as to be fixed at the hight required by a set
screw or bolt either in the gap under the centre or to lathe bed in front of gap
so as to form a rest for more quickly setting, such as wheels and pulleys aproxi-
mately in the centre when chucking them on the face plate; also for bearing up
to the centre, shaft ends and the like; so as to do away with the usual number
of blocks of wood used as packing for the above purpose. Also an improved
reversing motion for the back traverse shaft of the lathe, and for the leading
screw, I construct the lathe head with suitable projections cast on at the tail
end below the spindle bearing, for fixing a suitable bracket-plate so as to both
take the thrust of the lathe spindle, make a bearing for the stud and bush
representing the lathe spindle end and as a centre for the reversing plate to
work on, belonging to the leading screw. The above stud and bush is for fixing
the change wheels on, which as a rule is now located below the lathe spindle.
Whereas in the above construction it is brought nearer the front of the lathe,
and nearly the same high as the lathe spindle, with the radial bolt-slots for
bolt the reversing plates at the top side of the above braket-plate, such that
both handles of reversing plates stands above the tail bearings of the lathe
spindle and hangs over the front part of the lathe so as to be handy to get at,
with the stud as centre and a fulcrum for the back shaft reversing plate to work
in a bearing located and cast on the top side of one of the back arms as required
for the ordinary double gear of the lathe. For this reversing motion for the
back shaft of the lathe, there are only two wheels required besides the one on
the lathe spindle, theese two wheels are geared together by two studs fixed on
the reversing plate such that either of them can be put in gear with the wheel
on the lathe spindle for reversing the motion of the back shaft by a belt and
two suitable cone pulleys, one on the back shaft the other on the same bush as
the top wheel of the above two. The construction is such that the centre of
the two cone pullevs and fulcrum centre of the reversing plate are nearly in a
straight line so that the belt-tension is the same in either gear. By this
arrangement a much longer belt is got and the reversing motion is much handier

page_text: to get at also close to the reversing motion of the leading screw; besides by
this arrangement the quadrant or swing plate with the change wheels on can be
used in a vertical position which make it much easier to handle than by having
a dead weight and bad to see and get at. Besides the advantages of the above
reversing motion for the back shaft it may be stated that four wheels are done
away with and the extra labour belonging to them; as two wheels are now used
for getting the top cone pulley into a suitable position; besides the usual four
wheels for the reversing motion also with the belt and a number of wheels always
running. I have also improved the driver or small face plate of the lathe by
having a recess planed across the centre of the face for fixing a suitable plate
with a longitudinal slot at each end for bolts or with bolt slots in face plate
without a recess with a boss in the centre of the above named suitable plate
which is fixed on the driver plate with a hole in with a set-screw at one side
central and so as to be parallel with the plate with a suitable V die fixed in
the hole opposite the set screw or with this V part chilled in the casting which
will be handy for turning such as bolt-ends, as only one centre is and no catch
or carrier required; besides being handy for turning screws and joint pins off
the rod or bar ends.
I have also made important improvements in the lathe bed and the saddle
which belongs to it. I construct the gap bed of the lathe so that the body of
the bed required for fixing the fast headstock on and for the gap part, is made
a little wider than for that part which the saddle slides on, also make the gap
with a suitable strong lip projection both back and front of the gap such that
the gap forms a kind of trough partly the same as a grindstone trough and such
that in moulding; these projecting lips can be drawn into the space left after
drawing the body pattern out of the sand. I also make that part of the bed
which the saddle slides on so that it stands much more in front of the lathe
centres. For a 8 inch centre lathe at least 3 inches more in front than as now
made such that the barrel or shoot of the loose headstock will be over the top
of the back part of the lathe bed, which with the above alteration will make the
bed much stronger, with the same weight of metal, than as now constructed;
especially when turning and boring over the gap. I construct the lathe saddle
with the two horns or projections at the right hand which bear on the outer
edges of the lathe bed, longer than they are now made. If for a 8 inch centre
lathe, 6 or 8 inches longer: but with the angular strips or slides as on the under
side of the saddle which bear against the outer angular edges of the bed, (i
or 8 inches shorter than the full length of the saddle, such that when the front
edge of the saddle is working 8 or 9 inches over the gap for turning; the above
strips or slide bearings under the saddle will only pass over the gap an inch or
two, or such that the saddle will in no case get out of truth with the centre line
and the little distance that these strips go past the end of the bed will also tend
to keep the bed parallel. By this alteration in the position of the slide bearings
of the saddle it will enable the lathe to do more accurate work than is now done
with a bridge or gap plate fitted in the bed. Whereas with this part of the
invention gap plates are not required
ו...ת
101
Improvements in Self-acting Sliding and Screw-cutting Gap
Bed Lathes.
I, THOMAS GREENWOOD, of 33, Brompton Street, Cheetham, Manchester, in
the County of Lancashire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven

page_text: tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in lathes for turning and boring metals
especially in gap bed lathes. The improvements are such as to very considerably
increase the power delivered from a step cone pulley as driver, to its fellow or
driven cone pulley. Also increases the number of velocity speeds so as to be
able to get much nearer the maximum cutting speeds suitable for both consider-
ably smaller and larger diameters than are now practicable. For example take
the 9 or 10 inch centre lathe as now in use with a 4 speeded cone pulley and the
ordinary back gear. In this case only 8 speeds can be got by the lathe spindle,
4 from the cone pulleys and 4 from the buck gear, and when the counter shaft
is only speeded to make about 200 revolutions per minute for cutting small
diameters, it will be found impossible to turn steel or hard cast iron, if much
over 9 inches in diameter; besides much waste time caused by the great difference
between the velocity speeds, which is from 30 to 50 per cent. Whereas by the
same size of lathe by this invention and as shown by. the drawings it will be
found suitable for about 320 revolutions as required for small diameters in soft
metals, and less than one revolution per minute for 40 inches diameter. Also
24 speeds in place of 8. If with 5 speeded cone pulleys, 30 speeds can be got
in place of 10, And with exactly the same arrangement the quick reversing
motion is given to the lathe saddle, when screwcutting by one and the same
driving belt. Besides this improved arrangement affords much more powerful
back gear wheels on account of the extra speeds got from the overhead motions
coming in between the slowest velocity speeds of the single speeds and the
quickest speed in gear; as otherwise the drop or difference would be too great.
For the lathe in question, the gear wheel on lathe spindle has 50 teeth, driven
by a pinion with 15 teeth, and as the other two wheels are half the pitch they
have double the number of teeth in respectively: so that the ratio of this double
gear is 11 to one. Whereas a lathe with the ordinary 4 speed cone only affords
a ratio of 9 to 1. Besides this extra power in the back gear, is both in favour
of turning large diameters in the gap and for cutting course pitch worms from
the back gear by gearing the reversing motion direct to the pinion attached to
the cone pulley on the lathe spindle. I may state that the same ratio of gear-
ing is given for the 8 inch centre lathe in the Provisional Specification. Also
that the reason for now adopting a 10 inch centre in place of 8 as in the draw-
ings, is because the larger size is better adapted for shewing the improvements.
The increased power is secured by the extra belt friction and belt tention. Also
enables key ways to be cut in pulleys, wheels, and other articles directly after
boring, also key or feather ways in shafting; by fixing the face plate or lathe
spindle stationary, and driving direct from the cone pulley on the lathe
spindle geared by the reversing motion and change wheels to the leading
screw. The extra variation in speed velocity and the reverse motion of the
counter shaft are got from the double gear wheels as shown by drawing 47¹
and 47 48, Fig. 3 and 4. 46 is a reversing plate with the reversing wheels
on it. Also the extra belt tension is got from the overhead motion by screws
geared to mitre wheels which by an endless chain and pulley regulates the ten-
sion of driving belt as shown by a part of the chain. The belt tension or cone
pulley is regulated by the balance wheel 44. This adjustable belt tension
gives instant command of a safe maximum tension that will not damage the
belt; which will be seen at once to be of considerable value, as this alone will
give an average increase of power quite equal to the extra belt friction as secured
by the enlarged diameter of the driving cone pulley.
It is clear that there are three velosity speeds at command by the counter
shaft, that 8 speeds of the lathe spindle are got direct from the driving belt,
4 from the cone pulleys, and 4 from the back gear and the other two velocity
speeds of the counter shaft, will each give 8 or in all 24. Of course the pairs

page_text: of gear wheels at 47¹ can easily be calculated, so as to be of a suitable ratio to
get the range of 24 speeds from 320 to less than one revolution per minute for
the size of lathe in question.
In cutting key ways; as the lathe spindle and face plate are stationary.
which may be locked by screwing down the cap over the spindle bearing or by
a wedge between the gap and the edge of face plate; which of course permits
the cone pulley to revolve freely on the lathe spindle so as to gear direct with
the reversing wheels and drive the reversing spindle, (as shown at Fig. 29
which shows the cone and pinion wheel, also a wheel supposed to be on the
lathe spindle, which is not shown) and leading screw direct from the overhead
motion and by change wheels according to the cutting speed required. With
tool fixed in the slide rest on lathe saddle and of course with the overhead revers-
ing motion in gear so as to give a quick return motion to the saddle; by the
lever handle at the bottom of rod 32.
It may be stated that some persons may think that the enlarged cone pulley
in question is only the same as the speed wheel as belonging to the treadle
lathe, whereas in this case belt friction is never in the least taken into considera-
tion. The prime motive is to secure the most easy and convenient motion for
the workman's leg. No,,maker would ever think of putting on the market a
lathe with such a speed wheel or cone pulley with the overhead motion or
or counter shaft. I have also succeeded in constructing the gap bed lathe so that
it will turn and bore over the gap absolutely as true as can be done by lathes
with straight beds, which is accomplished, partly by the improved rigidity
of the lathe bed at the gap part and by the improved saddle that slides on the
bed, such that the entire length of the angular slides of the saddle practically
always remain in touch or bear on the angular edges of the lathe bed, for all
turning and boring done over the gap, but with the under side of the saddle
made to bear on the tops of the bed the full length when not over the gap, and
with the horns of the saddle, which pass on each side of the loose headstock,
made longer so as to have the angular slides 38, shown on Fig. 2 quite as long
as now in use by the ordinary saddle. I have also made the angular bearing at
the back of the bed and saddle about double the width of the bearing at the
front of the bed. For the size of the lathe in question the angular slides are
about 8 inches shorter than the entire length of the saddle, such that the angular
slides are about 2 inches over the gap, when the edge of the saddle is close to
the large plate, though it will seldom be required to pass over 2 inches, it will
have a tendency to keep the bed parellel. By this arrangement the cutting
tool will never get out of truth when either turning or boring over the gap.
Both by theory and practice it is obvious that as practically the full lenght of
the angular slide always remains on the bed, it will be impossible for the cutting
edge of the tool to get out of truth, even with easy fitting of the angular slides.
It will therefore be found to be a considerable improvement on account of doing
away with both first cost, and a considerable waste of time in taking out and
refixing the bridge peice or gap plate over the gap, also the bad work which they
are subject to after being a little while in use.
A remarkable improvement has also been made in the construction of the
lathe bed such that the centre line of the lathe spindle for a 10 inch centre
lathe is about 3 inches nearer the back part of the lathe bed, as shown by draw-
ing 84 Fig. 5, but central at the gap and under the fast headstock, and with
strong lipped projections as shown on drawing 39 Fig. 1, 2, 5, at both the front
and back part of the gap which makes it partly in the form of a grindstone
trough and as stated no gap plate or bridge piece is required. By the improved
distribution of the metal cost is reduced, much heavier cuts can be taken, there-
fore more and better work can be done in the same time; and as the other part
of the bed, which the saddle slides on is brought much nearer the front so as
to be under the pressure of the cut, such that a lathe bed about 14 inches over the
teps is equal to one 18 or 20 inches wide as now constructed. A substantial

page_text: improvement has also been made in the reversing motion as used for screw-
cutting and for driving the back traverse shaft of the lathe. The bracket bear-
ing or arms, for the reversing plate and spindle, are cast on the headstock in
the same manner as the back arms for the double gear wheels of the lathe, but
of course in front, which enables the reversing motion and spindle to be in a
suitable position for both gearing into a wheel fixed to the lathe spindle and
also to gear with the pinion wheel as cast or fixed to the cone pulley on the lathe
spindle, also permits a feed cone pulley 13 Fig. 1, for driving the traverse
shaft 12, as shown by drawing, this reversing spindle is also convenient for driv-
ing the ordinary back traverse shaft by change wheels and the ordinary swing
or quadrant plate or by cone pulleys 13 and 14, but with a short counter shaft
in place of the front traverse shaft and the belt to pass through a hole in the
bed to the back traverse shaft. It will also be seen that without any other
extra parts than a distance collar in place of a washer, that this reversing motion
is changed from the wheel on the cone pulley, by simply changing the distance
collar 6 on to the other side of the reversing plate 4, so that when cutting coarse
pitch screws or worms with the back gear in, the driven part of the change
wheels will be increased in the same ratio as the back gear of the lathe, and
of course the power for cutting is also increased in the same ratio. The revers-
ing plate has a long boss cast to it which answers both for the fulcrum centre
and has a bearing or 8 inches long for the reversing spindle; besides the
extra length of this spindle. Whereas the short spindles as now in use are
ridiculous, considering the work they have to do and the distance that the change
wheels or cone pulleys overhang the bearings. This lathe is also admirably
adapted for turning and boring taper or any angle with positive motions got from
the change wheels, such that at any time exactly the same taper or angle can
be repeated. The longitudinal and transverse motions are got from a front and
back traverse shaft, which are geared by change wheels, the front traverse shaft
receiving it's motion from the reversing spindle; with a worm on the back
traverse shaft 9, to gear in worm wheel 7, on the end of surfacing screw which
wheel can be put in and out of gear at pleasure by sliding on a feathered key
way.
I have also found it necessary to make improved belt motions so as to be suit-
able for the improved overhead motions which are arranged as follows. The
motion is given to the belt guide by a link or rod 321 attached by stud to a
lever fixed at the top of the vertical rod or shaft 32 in the usual way and with
a hand lever at the bottom. But so as to have the centre of this shaft over the
lathe spindle, both for getting a better position for the hand lever and so that
the counter shaft can be driven from the line shaft at either back or front of
the lathe as the hangers are provided for the same belt fork slide, both back
and front. This vertical shaft is also geared by bevel wheels to a rod at the
back of the lathe, such that the turner has command of the driving belt when
standing in front of the saddle at any part of a long bed, by a lever or handle
fitted on the end of spindle or shaft 29 which gives the motion to the rod 30 by
bevel wheels.
Also improvements in other parts of the lathe as follows. Adjustable bearer
attached to the gap part of the bed shown by drawing 34, 35, 36 Fig. 1 and 2,
so as to bear up and set a shaft end in the centre, also for approximately setting
wheels and pulleys in the centre when chucking or fixing them on the face plate.
A disk with 5 tools to be fixed on the slide rest, and used in place of the
ordinary tools, and used in combination with the improved driver or small face
plate as shown by Fig. 9 and 10, for turning such as screws and joint pins off
the rod or bar end. This small face plate is both a kind of chuck and driver
for small shafts. An improved boring bar with two cutters notched into each
other so as to form a cross and have four cutting edges all cutting at the same
time and as shown by drawings Fig. 15, 16, 17, and 18 number 72 shows a
steady rest for fixing on the surfacing slide of the lathe saddle. Fig. 16 and 17

page_text: are the two cutters which are fixed by the cotter 71, bearing against the back
edge of the cutter Fig. 16. Also showing the same kind of cutters in a holder
so as to be used in place of flat drills and rase bits as used at the lathe, and of
course for the ordinary boring bar as used in the lathe. An improved self-
adjusting bearer for bearing up the leading screw and traverse shaft, or for
preventing sway in the middle of a long screw or shaft as required for lathes
with extra long beds. The pressure for for bearing up is got from an extra long
spiral spring as shown at Fig. 12, which is an end view and Fig. 11, a front
view. It may be stated that a combination of levers and weights are now in
use for the above purpose.
Also improved arrangement for screw-cutting in connection with the motion
for quickly withdrawing the tool when cutting inside and outside threads or
screws, such that the tool is drawn back clear of the thread just before the
motion is given to slide the nuts out of the leading screw as shown by the link 21,
nut lever 20, and the lever for withdrawing the tool 22 as on Fig. 1 and 2.
For cutting inside threads the link must be changed to the other joint as shown
on lever 22 and the adjustable studs 24 set to the left hand of the circular slot
as stop for the depth of thread and of course the link and nut lever permits the
withdrawal motion when the hole with the inside thread is large enough in
diameter. For smaller holes this link cannot be used only a distance stud or
stop in the circular slot and the lever for opening and closing the nuts in lead-
ing screw to be done in the ordinary way. Also an attachment for rounding the
face of pulleys as shown by a lever in front of the saddle, which lever receives
it's motion from the rack pinion shaft by change wheels and a kind of heart
shaped cam to be made suitable for rounding the face of a pulley, which is 12
inches wide, about of an inch or as it is arranged to start the cut always in
the middle of the pulley, in 6 inches, when the connecting rod is in the middle
of the slot. Then of course if a larger or smaller radius is required it can
be got by fixing the stud lower or higher in the slot in the lever. As this motion
will work simultaneously with the motion for turning taper it can be used so
as to give a suitable round or swell in the middle of connecting rods.
Also an improved stay or rest with three cutting tools, and three steel rubbers
or bearers for steadying the shaft while following the tools for turning shafting,
so that one of the rubbers at the top has a little elasticity given to it by a slight
spring of the plate, which holds the screw for adjusting the end pressure of
the rubber, but so that the rubbers will not move by the ordinary pressure of the
tools when cutting. Leading screws may also be cut on the same principle or
so that 4 tools are cutting at the same time which will be readily understood
by the action of the universal 4 jawed chuck arranged as a suitable fixture over
the saddle so that each jaw forms a seperate tool holder so that the 4 tools cut
and follow each other in one and the same circle of thread. The 3 tools referred
to may also be set to follow in the same manner for screw-cutting, only with
first and second tools to cut at each side and half the bottom part of the thread
with the third tool to finish. With 4 tools the first or leading tool to be
slightly rounded for cutting out the middle part of the thread, the second and
third to take cuts off the right and left hand side, and the fourth to take the
finishing cuts; with a suitable steady rest or rubbers as stated, to follow and
support the shaft or screw near the 4 tools which arrangement is especially suit-
able for cutting the inch leading or guide screw for the lathe in question.
Also an improved bracket for turning large diameters in front in the gap,
and for turning or surfacing with a number of tools cutting at the same time
as shown by Fig. 19, 20, 21, 22, & 23.

page_text: is the front view of the counter shaft or overhead motion. Fig. 4 is the end
view. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, are parts of the reversing motion respectively as follows;
bracket bearings or arms cast with the headstock castings reversing spindle,
reversing wheels, reversing plate, distance collar for changing the motion from
the lathe spindle to the wheel on cone pulley.
Parts of the motions for angular and taper turning and boring are shown
on Fig. 1, and 2.
7, worm wheel on end of surfacing screw, 8 worms 9, back traverse shaft,
10 a compound bracket which is both a bearing for the shaft end and with a
slot for adjusting stud with change wheels on 11, is an ordinary swing plate or
quadrant for gearing the change wheels, 12 is the front traverse shaft which is
geared to the leading screw at the other end. Also on Fig. 1 and 2,
.
The following parts are shown for turning, boring, and screw-cutting. 13-
and 14 are two cone pulleys for giving the various fine and coarse feeds to the
cutting tool as required. 15 is a worm on the traverse shaft, 16 a worm wheel,
17 a worm wheel pinion on the surfacing screw which is put in and out of gear
by friction by a collar being drawn against the back of it by an internal bolt
attached to the collar, by a pin which fits in bolt and collar, but clear of the
surfacing screw which the pin passes through at each side. 18 is a pinion
wheel also put in and out of gear by friction, which gears into the wheel 19
on the rack pinion shaft 23. 24 is the adjustable stud as fixed in the circular
slot in the quadrant bracket 24¹ which bracket the coarse pitch screw works
in, as attached to the lever 22. 25 is the ordinary notch plate wheel as in use
for adjusting the depth of cut for screw-cutting, also with handle attached for
working the surfacing slide by hand. An attachment for rounding the face
of pulleys is shown at Fig. 1. 26 is a lever which receives it's motion from a
change wheel pinion fixed on the rack shaft 23, which pinion is geared into
wheel 27, which works on a stud and bush with a feathered key, with the cam
on the same bush, but fixed by a set screw so as to be able to readily adjust the
cam to the starting point, which is with the tongue of the cam set to the left
hand, and the tool in the centre of the pulley face; then the tool can be made to
slide either to the right or left, by the reversing motion, 28 is a connecting rod
which by moving the lever 22 sets the tool in gradually until the tool gets. to
the edge of the pulley in either direction and by fixing the stud higher or lower
in the slot in the lever it will of course turn the face of the pulley more or less
round.
The belt motion is shown at Fig. 1, 2, 3, & 4. 29 is a rod or spindle with
end squared for a lever handle, which rod is geared to rods 30, 31, and 32, by
bevel wheels. The bracket 33 is fixed on the back arm nearest to the face
plate. 321 is a link which gives the motion to the belt forks in the usual way
by a lever fixed at the top of rod 32.
The adjustable bearer up in the gap, is shown at Fig. 1, and 2. 35 in dotted
lines is a block with a stud or pin fixed at the bottom so as to set it.central
with the lathe spindle and on the top of the vertical slide 34, which is fixed to
the height required by the lever handle 36.
Improved lathe saddle and gap bed is shown at Fig. 1, 2, and 5. 37 is the front
view of the bed. On Fig. 2, 37 is the end view also in dotted lines. 37 shows
the end view of that part of the bed which the saddle slides on.
The two members 38 shows the end of the angular slide bearings which are
as previously stated about 8 inches shorter than the entire lenght of the saddle.
39 shows the lip projections which are at both back and front of the gap part
of the bed, also shown on the plan view at. Fig. 5, and 84 shows
the centre line of lathe spindle which line also shows that part of
the bed, which the saddle slides on, is brought about 3 inches more to the front,
such that the bed gets more directly under the pressure of the cut. The im-
proved counter shaft or overhead motion, for the lathe in question, is shown on
Sheet 1 Fig. 3 and 4. 40 are the hangers which are fixed overhead, with a

page_text: round stem which the sleeve 41 slides on, which sleeve has also an arm attached
at right angles, on which another sleeve 42 slides on. The two hangers 40 have
also each a pair of mutre wheels at the top as shown on Fig. 4, which couples
the motion to screws as shown in each hanger which motion is got from the
balance wheel 44. The sleeves 41 having caps fixed at the bottom with threads
in, which the above screws fit in so as to slide the counter shaft in a vertical
direction for regulating the tension of the down belt belonging to the cone
pulleys. The sleeve 42 has a bracket fixed at the end 43, with screw attached
to a mitre wheel as shown at 421, which screw fits in the arm attached to sleeve 41
and of course in each hanger and geared together by the shaft which as shown
passes in front of the cone and the 3 pulleys, and with the chain pulley at one
end and the two mitre wheels on. The part of chain shown represents an end-
less chain by which a sliding horizontal motion is given to the counter shaft,
as required for regulating the tension of the driving belt from the line shaft.
In the hanger to the right. The sleeve 42, bearing for the counter shaft, arms
for the belt guide, also the arm which forms the bearing for the top of the
vertical rod 32, are all in one casting. In the hanger to the left, the sleeve 42
has also the following extra parts besides the above all in one casting notch
plate, fulcrum bearing for the reversing plate, and arm at right angles to the
notch plate. This arm is for fixing a stud as fulcrum for the lever 45 which is
shown out of gear, and it will be seen that by moving the lever to the left the
small wheel at the top will gear with the larger wheel on the counter shaft
for the slow gear, and the reverse for getting a quick speed of the counter shaft.
Also as shown the above lever has a short arm near its fulcrum with a stud or
peg and 3 counter sunk holes so that the point of the peg will readily pass in
and out by a spiral spring, which will fix the clutch with the two wheels at the
top in any of the three positions, as there will be little or no side pressure by
the above gear. The lever 49 is for reversing, and putting the wheels in or out
of gear, this lever is fixed to the reversing plate 46, by two bolts or screws.
When the spring tongue as attached to the lever 49, is in the middle notch,
the wheel 48 is out of gear, as shown by the pitch lines of the wheels at Fig. 4,
the other two notches are for driving the counter shaft in either the direction
for cutting or reversing the motion, as used for screw-cutting when driving
the saddle back without sliding the nuts out of gear with the leading screw,
which motions are got by the reversing wheels 47. It will be seen that the
smallest speed of the cone pulley on the counter shaft is the same diameter as
the largest speed of it's fellow cone pulley on the lathe spindle, also that the
diameters of the other speeds are suitable for the same length of belt.
improved tool-holder with 5 tools fixed on a disk and fixed in place of the
ordinary tool, as shown by Fig. 6, 7, and 8. Fig. 6 is a plan view and Fig. 7
a side view also Fig. 8 shows of the disk with two screws and a section of one
of the 5 tools as in the complete disk. 50 is part of the disk as shown on the
three views. 51 is a screw for fixing one of the tools. 52 is a screw for adjust-
ing tool to the proper height for cutting, which screw point bears on the project-
fing part of the vertical stud 58, as used in turn for all the 5 tools of which
53 is one, and 58 as shown on Fig. 6, shows the above projecting part clear
of the adjusting screws, so as to be set to any one of the 5 tools as required. 56
shows the part which is fixed in the slide rest, which part has also the stem 57
cast to it, which stem is turned to fit a hole in the centre of the disk, and 54
shows a screw for keeping the disk in it's place as a centre to work on.
pillar stud 58 with the lever handle at the top and a round nut at the bottom,
is also fitted in a hole in the same casting 56 as shown. It may be stated that
by the same principle and arrangements, the part may have 5 tools fixed on the
face in a radial direction. As stated before the above is for turning such as
joint pins and small screws off the bar end, in connection with the following
improved small face plate as both driver and chuck for rods or bars, as shown
by Fig. 9 and 10, which are front and side views respectively. 59 is the ordinary
An
The

page_text: small face plate or driver. 60 forms the chuck part. The angular or V part 61
may either be a chilled part of the casting 60, or made separately of steel
and hardened. An improved self-adjusting bearer for the leading screw and
traverse shaft, for preventing swag or sag when the lathe bed is an extra length,
as shown by Fig. 11 and 12. 62 is a lathe leg. 63 are the two bearings for
the leading screw and traverse shaft. 65 is a part which comes in contact with the
bottom part of saddle, and may be cast with the bearings which the vertical stem
or spring pillar 64 is fixed to. A stud is also fixed to the part 65 for the guide
pulley 66 to work on. The stem 64 has two round nuts on for regulating the
bearings to the height required.
Also an improved following stay or rest with 3 tools as shown by Fig. 13
and 14.
The 3 tools and 3 steel rubbers are shown in contact with a part of a shaft
in the centre. The tools are fixed by 3 clips and bolts same as the one shown
at 67. There are two screws at the bottom same as those shown at 68, for
adjusting the tools and the slide with screw as shown are for the tool at the top.
Also two screws same as at 69 for adjusting the rubbers at the bottom, the other
screw at the top fits in the boss of the clip 70.
Improved boring bar with the cutters notched onto each other in the form
of a cross so as to have 4 cutting as shown by the Fig. 15, 16, 17 and 18. The
cutter Fig. 17 is put in the bar first which is at right angles to the cotter 71
so that this cotter bears against the back edge of the cutter Fig. 16. The part
shown by 72 is for fixing on the surfacing slide of the lathe saddle and so that
the end of the bar may slide through a bush with a hollow lathe spindle, or
may be cut off as shown by the line 75 and used without a steady bush 73 is
a steady sleeve or bush which can always be set close to the cotter so as to secure
a true start with the cutters. 74 shows counter sunk holes in the bar for the
point of the set screw, which as stated before need not be hard against the bar.
This sleeve bush has also a feathered key at 76 so that the boring can be done
direct from the spindle or shoot of the loose headstock and the part 72 may be
fixed on the lathe bed. These notched cutters may also be used in place of the
ordinary flat drills, in a holder as shown at Fig. 18 with the part 77 to slide
through a steady rest. Also in place of the ordinary rose bits for standard or
finished sizes. It will be seen that after these notched cutters have got a true
start even in badly cored holes that the cutting edge next to the heavy cut will
always act considerably as a support, so that in most cases the hole will be true.
Whereas by the ordinary cutters it would require to go through several times
to get the hole true.
Improved bracket tool holders with T bolt grooves, for fixing one or more
tools, which brackets are fixed on the surfacing slide, of the saddle for turning
large diameters in front of the gap and for surfacing large face plates. Fig. 19
is a plan view, which shows the bracket with a tool which is supposed to be over
the gap.
The round part 80 is to be fixed on the surfacing slide, with the arm 79
supported by the bracket arm 81, which is fixed on lathe bed near the gap, by
a bolt at slot 83. 82 shows part of lathe bed. Fig. 20 is a side view of the
bracket fixed to lathe bed, 81 in Fig. 21 is a front view of the same bracket.
Fig. 22 and 23 shows the plan and end views of bracket for fixing a number of
tools for surfacing and turning same as the tool shown at 79.
On Sheet 3. Fig. 24 shows an end view of lathe bed with leg and bearings for
the ordinary back traverse shaft and leading screw. 92 is the lathe bed, 85
is for back traverse shaft, 89 for the leading screw, 84 is a swing plate for.gear-
ing the change wheels to leading screw. Fig. 25 is a plan view of the above parts.
Fig. 26 is also a plan of the other part of the bed with gap. Fig. 30 is a section
of the gap part of the bed at the lines 91. Fig. 27 shows the other end. of
the bed, also the position of the ordinary back traverse shaft 85, with the swing
plate 86 set at an angle towards the reversing spindle 99, so as to gear by change
wheels; and with the reversing wheels the ordinary size, that is the same diameter

page_text: as the driving wheel on the lathe spindle, with an extra stud or carrier wheel 98,
for getting the reversing spindle the required distance out, so as to be suitable
for the small feed cone pulleys. As the reversing plate has a long boss as shown
at 100, which is both the bearing for the reversing spindle and fulcrum or kind
of rocking shaft.
It will be seen that if the reversing plate and lever handle at 93 is pulled out
to the front, that the wheels 97 will gear; with either the wheel attached to the
cone pulley or the wheel supposed to be on the lathe spindle. 94 shows the dis-
tance collar between the bracket arm bearing and the reversing plate which is
in a position for gearing to the cone pulley. It will also be seen that if the lever
handle 93 is pushed towards the bed that the wheel 971 will be in gear with the
cone pulley which will obviously reverse the motion, which principle
doubtless
as old as wheels, and the screw-cutting lathe. 87 shows the counter shaft for
feed cone pulleys at each end. With a hole through the bed as shown at 88,
for the belt to pass through to the ordinary back traverse shaft 85.
In going through the specifications and drawings it may seen that some
parts are claimed which are not new.
An extra length of saddle is used for the gap bed of the lathe, but of course
the mere extra length of saddle is not new. Whereas the saddle with it's angular
slides made shorter as described and shown at 38, Fig. 2. Is a new and important
improvement.
Also the reversing motion as now in use for reversing the motions of both the
leading screw and the traverse shaft, of which the principle is of course well
known; also the principle of gearing the reversing wheels to either the pinion
wheel which is fixed to the cone pulley or to the wheel on the lathe spindle;
whereas locating or arranging the reversing spindle together with the reversing
plate in front of the headstock or lathe spindle are such as easily permits of
changing the reversing wheels from gearing with the wheel on lathe spindle
to the wheel on the cone pulley, by changing the distance collar on to the other
side of the reversing plate, and also permits as shown of a cone pulley 13 to
drive cone pulley 14 so as to leave the end of the traverse shaft No. 12 entirely free
for the change wheels as shown at Fig. 1, Sheet 1, An extra long boss 5 as
fulcrum and bearing is cast to the reversing plate 4; and a distance collar 6
is the only extra required for quickly changing the reversing wheels 3 as stated.
above. These parts of the reversing motion are substantial improvements as
shown and described by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Fig. 1, Sheet 1 shows the pinion wheel
which represents both the wheel as fixed on the lathe spindle and the pinion
wheel fixed to the cone pulley which wheels work close to each other.
Also the motion for quickly withdrawing the tool for cutting screws; by a
lever and handle fixed to a coarse pitch screw which forms the neck bearing or
jurnal for the surfacing screw. This principle is of course well known whereas
the adjustable stud 24 as shown fixed to the quadrant nut bracket 24 with
circular slot Fig. 1 Sheet 1 together with the link 21 will be seen to be useful
improvements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1st. The overhead motion or counter shaft with the driving step cone pulley
made larger in diameter than it's fellow driven cone pulley together with the
gear wheels and substantially as shown and described by Fig. 3 and 4 on Sheet 1.
2nd. The improved construction of lathe bed and saddle, together with the
adjustable bearer up in the gap substantially as shown and described by Fig. 5
on Sheet 2 and Fig. 1 and 2 on Sheet 1.
3rd. The disk tool holder for 5 tools substantially as shown and described by
Fig. 6, 7, 8, on Sheet 2.
4th. The stay or rest for turning shafting or screw-cutting substantially as
shown and described by Fig. 13 and 14 on Sheet 2.

page_text: 5th. The cutters notched into each other for boring substantially as shown
and described by Fig. 15, 16, 17, 18, on Sheet 2.
6th. The improved position and arrangement of parts of the reversing motion
for driving and reversing the leading screw and traverse shaft, such as the
bracket arm bearings cast on front of headstock as shown by No. 1, Sheet 1,
Fig. 1. The arm at the tail end is for fixing the reversing plate to, as shown in
the drawing it is in a position for gearing to the wheel on the lathe spindle.
The extra long boss No. 5 as cast to the reversing plate No. 4 also the distance
collar arrangement No. 6 which is simply changed on to the other side of the
reversing plate when required to gear with the cone pulley pinion substantially
as herein before shown and described.
7th. Regarding the motion for sliding the screw tool in and out of threads or
screws being cut. I claim the adjustable stud as stop for the withdrawal lever
to come against, also the circular slot or quadrant part of the bracket No. 24
also the link No. 21 all of which are shown on rig. 1 and 2 Sheet 1 substantially
as herein before shown and described.
THOMAS GREENWOOD,
33, Brompton Street, Cheetham, Manchester.