IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPERING, AND IN THE APPARATUS AND " OVEN FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan-Brown, of the Firm of Brandon
and Morgan-Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, South-
ampton Buildings, London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPERING, AND IN THE APPARATUS AND
"
OVEN FOR THAT PURPOSE.”—A communication from abroad by George
Frederick Simonds and James Augustus Ferson, both of Boston,
Massachusetts, United States of America.
Sealed the 9th October 1874, and dated the 14th April 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan-Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th April 1874.
I, WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-
3 Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPERING, AND IN THE APPARATUS AND
OVEN FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
This Invention for improvements in tempering, and in the apparatus

page_text: and oven for that purpose, relates to an improvement in the manufacture
of saws and analogous productions with reference to the process or
processes of hardening and tempering and bringing the same to their
ultimate forms. With other than flat work such productions are generally
first shaped and then heated to harden, and then tempered, preserving !
such changes of form as they acquire in the hardening and tempering
operations. But with flat or plate work, such as saws, the plate is first
heated to harden, after hardening is tempered, and is then made straight
or freed from "buckles" by hammering.
In this Invention the work is heated to harden in the usual manner,
and after hardening is heated to temper, and when at the
heat
proper
the work is clamped and compressed in a clamp or press, in which the
opposite compressing surfaces are straight or are shaped to the ultimate
form required in the article to be produced. While drawing the temper
the work is compressed with the greatest ultimate heat allowable in:
tempering, and for the purpose of reducing the work to form by com-
pression and also to maintain this compression for some time as the work
cools gradually so as to allow the particles to assume an easy relation to
each other, and thus relieve the "buckling" due to the process of
hardening, thereby avoiding any necessity of hammering the work as
heretofore practised.
The Invention consists in this improved method of manufacture of
articles to be hardened and tempered, or in clamping the article during
the tempering between plates or dies that bring it to shape, and hold it
compressed until the temper is drawn, the article acquiring and retaining
its perfect form in the tempering operation, and needing no hammering
or other subsequent treatment to perfect it as to form.
In practising the Invention for saws and similar work it is preferable
to use a tempering oven having provision for maintaining a proper and
uniform heat, the oven containing the clamp plates, and having provision
outside of the oven for operating them, and one part of the Invention
consists in this oven and clamps.
t
To heat the plates or blanks to the best advantage it is desirable that
they may be placed in an oven in which they can be uniformly heated,
and in which the clamping can be effected at a proper tempering heat.
For this purpose the oven is made with a tight-wall to encompass the
work, and preferably with a tight roof and a perforated bottom, the per-

page_text: forations being for free admission of the flames and other volatile
products of combustion, through which the heat is imparted to the
work, and through the top and bottom of the oven thus made are extended
rods or shafts, cach sliding in its bearing, these shafts having at their.
inner ends the clamps between which the work is to be gripped. One
clamp may be stationary and the other moveable, it being only necessary
to clamp the work between them, which may be effected by movement
of either or both plates.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Morgan-Brown in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 13, Rue
Gaillon, Paris, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
year of
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of April, in the
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Morgan-Brown, Her special license
that I, the said William Morgan-Brown, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Morgan-Brown, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the.
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TEMPERING, AND IN THE APPARATUS AND OVEN FOR THAT PURPOSE," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by George Frederick Simonds and James
Augustus Ferson, both of Boston, Massachusetts, United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William.
Morgan-Brown, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should

page_text: In practising the Invention for saws and similar work it is preferablo
to use a tempering oven, having provision for maintaining a proper and
uniform heat, the oven containing the clamp plates, and having provision
outside of the oven for operating them, and one part of the Invention
consists in this oven and clamps.
consists in this oven and clamps.
and one part of the invention
To further describe the process reference is made to the Drawing,
Figure 1 showing a section of the oven; Figure 2 shows a saw clamped
to be tempered; Figure 3 is a plan of the saw and one of the clamp
plates.
To heat the plates or blanks to the best advantage it is desirable that
they be placed in an oven in which they can be uniformly heated, and
in which the clamping can be effected at a proper tempering heat. For
this purpose the oven is made with a tight wall to encompass the work,
and preferably with a tight roof and perforated bottom, the perforations
being for free admission of the flames and other volatile products of
combustion, through which the heat is imparted to the work, and through
the top and bottom of the oven thus made are extended rods or shafts,
cach sliding in its bearing, these shafts having at their inner ends the
clamps between which the work is to be gripped.
a denotes the oven chamber surrounded by the vertical wall b, and the
roof or top c and bottom d. The bottom is shown as made with per-
forations e for passage of the flames and other gaseous products of
combustion. Through the top c extends a shaft f having fixed to its
inner end within the oven a clamp plate g. Through the bottom d
extends a similar shaft having fixed to its inner end within the oven a
similar clamp plate h, and between these clamps the plate to be tempered
to form is clamped and compressed when the oven is at proper heat,
the clamping and compressing being effected by actuating the shafts by
any suitable means, and without opening the oven. One clamp may be
stationary, and the other moveable, it being only necessary to clamp tho
work between them, which may be effected by movement of either or
both plates.

page_text: tempering saws, &c., and the oven and clamps for such met
tially as described.
In witness. whereof, I, the said William Morgan-Brown, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN. (L.S.)