IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTING INK AND PAINTS. AND VARNISHES AND ATCO IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACOUERS JAPANS AND BLACKING
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Randall Palmer, of Newport Cottage, Old Ford,
Bow, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTING INK AND PAINTS. AND VARNISHES AND
ATCO IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACOUERS JAPANS AND BLACKING"
Sealed the 23rd March 1860, and dated the 19th October 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Randall Palmer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on.
the 19th October 1859.
I, JOSEPH RANDALL PALMER, of Newport Cottage, Old Ford, Bow, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTING INK AND PAINTS AND VARNISHES,
AND ALSO IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACQUERS, JAPANS, AND BLACKING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
printing ink and paints and varnishes, and also in themanufacture of lacquers,
japans, and blacking, and consists in employing the residual black powder
obtained when manufacturing lilac or purple colors from salts of aniline and
such like substances, as described in the Specification of the Patent granted
to William Henry Perkins, dated the 26th August 1856 (No. 1984), or by
other similar processes, in place of or in combination with lamp or ivory black,
in the manufacture of the substances above mentioned.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Randall Palmer in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th April 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
RANDALL PALMER, of Newport Cottage, Old Ford, Bow, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Joseph Randall Palmer, Her special licence that I, the said
Joseph Randall Palmer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Joseph Randall Palmer, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time, agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTING INK AND
PAINTS AND VARNISHES, AND ALSO IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACQUERS, JAPANS, AND
BLACKING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph
Randall Palmer, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
་
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Randall Palmer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
printing ink and paints and varnishes, and also in the manufacture of
lacquers, japans, and blacking, and consists in employing the residual black
powder obtained when manufacturing lilac or purple colours from salts of
aniline and such like substances, as described in the Specification of the
Patent granted to W. H. Perkins, dated the 26th August 1956 (No. 1984),
or by other similar processes, in place of or in combination with lamp or ivory
black, in the manufacture of the substances above mentioned.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
In the Specification of a Patent granted to W. H. Perkins, dated 26th
August 1856 (No. 1984), was described the obtaining a coloring matter from
a solution of sulphate of aniline, and such like substances, by mixing there-
with a solution of a soluble bichromate, by which means a black precipitate
containing the coloring matter is obtained. Now, my Invention consists in
employing this black precipitate after the brown impurities and the coloring
matter have been dissolved from it, either alone or in combination with lamp
or ivory black, in the manufacture of printing ink and paints and varnishes,
and also in the manufacture of lacquers, japans, and blacking, in place of
employing in these manufactures lamp or ivory black as hitherto; by which
means a much more intense black is obtained, and the brown shade all lamp
blacks more or less possess is entirely overcome, thus giving a tone and
brilliancy of appearance to the ordinary blacks not previously obtainable. In
order to incorporate the black precipitate, which I call black chromium, with
lamp black, I prefer to take about twenty-five per cent. of the black chromium
and about seventy-five per cent. of lamp black, and mix them together, by pre-
ference, in a machine which I call the pulveriser. The machine may be likened
to and is intended to do the work of a pestle and mortar. It is driven by
steam power from a horizontal shaft, with a spur and a pinion wheel, which
gives motion to a vertical spindle which passes through the underneath of the
pulveriser; upon the end of this spindle a cross head is fastened with arms
turned downwards; these arms act upon two very large and finely turned iron
balls, causing them to revolve round the bottom and part of the sides of the
pulveriser, the inside of which is made as concave as the iron balls are convex.
There are also inside ofthe machine two agitators which precede the course of
the revolving balls, and which effectively present a fresh surface of colour for
the iron balls to act upon. The machine is fitted with a tight cover bolted on.
In the centre of this cover a round hole is left for the purpose of feeding the
machine, which hole is fitted with a tight cover. At one side and as close as
possible to the bottom of the machine there is an outlet for the black; when
finished, this aperture is fitted with a wooden shoot and slide to regulate the
quantity required to be taken out. The mixed black is then taken to another
machine, which I call the dressing or sifting machine, which consists of four
drum-shaped sieves made of fine copper-wire guaze, the mesh of which is about
120 to the square inch. These sieves are fitted with tight drum neads made of
leather (to prevent any loss of the color), the sieves are caused to make a
partial rotation on their axes, first in one direction and then in the other, by a

page_text: crank working in a socket fixed in a frame, on which the sieves are laid and
firmly held. This wooden frame is suspended by four straps, which are fixed
to the four upright parts of the framework of the machine. Under each sieve
is a receiver, made also of leather, and which is fitted on tightly to prevent
loss. Any particles of colour remaining in the sieve that will not pass through
the meshes are taken out and again put into the pulverizer. The black that
passes through the sieves becomes a very fine powder, and it is then fitted
to be used in place of lamp or ivory black in any of the manufactures
herein-before mentioned.
The black chromium may also be prepared in a similar manner by grinding
and sifting so as to be used by itself, in place of lamp or ivory black, in any
of the manufactures before mentioned; and I would here state, that although
I have mentioned the mixing twenty-five per cent. of black chromium with
seventy-five per cent. of lamp black, I do not confine myself to these propor-
tions, as they may be mixed together in a great variety of proportions.
. In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Randall Palmer, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
J. R. PALMER. (L.S.)