An Improved Handle-and-socket Connection.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Apr., 1887.
Complete Left, 12th Aug., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 13th Sept., 1887. .
TRUVIDIONAL DI PUIFICATION.
An Improved Handle-and-socket Connection.
I, JOHN MARSTON, of Paul Street Works, Wolverhampton in the County of
Stafford, japanner and tin plate worker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
Handles which are held within sockets, such for instance as the wooden and
porcelain handles of coal-box shovels, and certain descriptions of coffee pot handles,
are usually formed with circular tapering plugs which are fitted within correspondingly
shaped sockets, and are securely held therein by means of a bolt or pin passing down
the axis of the handle and socket and having a head bearing against the outer end of
the socket, or of the part which closes in such end, and a nut screwed on to the outer
end of the bolt and against the outer end of the handle, or (in the case of handles of
wood or other comparatively soft material) by means of a transverse peg. These
handles are liable to become loose by being turned in the socket, and thus turning and
unscrewing the nut, or bending the peg so as to draw it out of the plug on the inner
end of the handle.
The object of this invention is to prevent the handle from being turned within the
socket; and this is effected, according to this invention, by forming the plug on the
inner end of the handle square, or of other shape in cross-section having a longer
and shorter axis, and inserting such plug into a socket correspondingly shaped.
When, however, it is desired that the exterior of the socket shall be round in cross-
section, it is preferred, for the sake of lightness, to form the outer end only of such
socket to an interior shape corresponding to the cross-section of the plug, and this is
conveniently accomplished by forming such end of the socket as a plate having a hole
of the proper size and shape formed therethrough. In this case, also, the larger end
only of the plug may be formed to a cross section of the character above described.
Dated this Eighteenth day of April 1887.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton and Walsall,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Handle-and-socket Connection.
I, JOHN MARSTON, of Paul Street Works, Wolverhampton in the County of
Stafford, japanner and tinplate worker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon (that is to
say):
--
Handles which are held within sockets, such for instance as the wooden and
porcelain handles of coal-box shovels, and certain descriptions of coffe-pot handles,
are usually formed with circular tapering plugs which are fitted within correspondingly
shaped sockets, and are securely held therein by means of a bolt or pin passing down
the axis of the handle and socket and having a head bearing against the outer end of
the socket, or against a part which closes in such end, and a nut screwed on to the
outer end of the bolt and against the outer end of the handle or (in the case of handles
of wood or other comparatively soft material) by means of a transverse peg or rivet.
The handles are liable to become loose by being turned in the socket, and thus turning
and unscrewing the nut, or bending the peg or fracturing the rivet so as to draw it
out of the plug on the inner end of the handle.
The object of this invention is to prevent the handle from being turned within the
socket; and this is effected, according to this invention, by forming the plug on the
inner end of the handle square, or of other shape in cross-section having a longer and
shorter axis, and inserting such plug into a socket correspondingly shaped.
This invention is illustrated by the drawings herewith in its application to the
connection of a handle with the socket of a coal scoop. Figure 1 is a front elevation
of the complete coal scoop; figure 2 is a vertical section taken across from front to
back through the centre of the socket and the lower end of the handle; and figure 3
is a plan of the top of the socket. The same letters of reference indicate the same
parts throughout these views. A is the handle, B the pan, and C the socket shewn to
be riveted (as is usually the case) to the pan. The handle is usually fixed to the
socket by means of a plug a formed to a circular shape in cross-section which is
inserted within the socket, and by means of a pin 6 which passes up through a hole in
the rim d of the pan and up the axis of the socket and handle, and has a rivet head c
at one end to bear against the rim d and has a nut e on its other end which is screwed
down against the end of the handle and thus securely tightens it down into the socket;
or, in lieu of the pin b, a transverse peg or rivet may be employed passing into or
through the socket and plug when the plug is of a material permitting this to be
done. The handle, however, when fixed in such manner is liable to turn and loosen
the nut e or bend and draw out the peg or fracture and draw out the rivet, and this
liability is prevented, according to this invention, by forming the plug a square (or
other shape in cross-section, having a longer and shorter axis) and forming the hole in
the socket to a corresponding shape to receive the plug and prevent it from turning

page_text: therein. The exterior of the socket may be made to the same shape in cross-section
as the plug; or it may, of course, be formed round, or of other desired shape, in which
case it is preferred, for the sake of lightness, to form the outer end of the socket to
an interior shape corresponding to the cross-section of the plug, the remaining part of
the hole in the socket, or as much of such remaining part as may be desired, being
chambered out. In the case of a socket formed of sheet metal the exterior shape of
which is intended to be different to the shape of the handle plug for insertion therein,
the outer end of such socket may be conveniently formed as a plate having a hole
therethrough of the proper size and shape for the reception of the plug.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I claim is :-
1. A handle-and-socket connection in which the plug on the inner end of the handle
is formed square or of other shape in cross section having a longer and shorter axis
and in which the hole or recess in the socket is formed to a corresponding shape in
cross section so as to prevent the handle from turning therein, substantially as
described.
2. A handle-and-socket connection in which the plug on the inner end of the handle
is formed square or of other shape in cross section having a longer and shorter axis
and in which the outer end of the hole in the socket is formed to the shape of such
plug while part of such hole is chambered out so as to leave a space or spaces between
the plug and the interior of the walls of the socket, substantially as described for the
purpose set forth.