improvements in Byting
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Feb., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Nov., 1899-Accepted, 27th Jan., 1900
improvements in Byting
I, ROBERT BOLTON RANSFORD, of 41, Waldegrave Road, Upper Norwood, in
the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
(which has been communicated to me from abroad by Leopold Cassella & Company
of Frankfort-on-Main, in the Empire of Germany), to be as follows:-
Under the denomination of Immedial Black, Vidal Black, Kyrogene Blue, etc.,
dyestuffs have been brought on the market which are obtained by heating various
primary substances with sulphur and sulphides. All these dyestuffs have the
property of dissolving easily in water in the presence of sulphide of sodium and
of directly dyeing vegetable fibre in such solution. The said dyestuffs have al-
ready been subjected to oxidation processes on the fibre. For instance the
greenish shade of Vidal Black has been changed into a black by the action of
Bichromates and Immedial Black into a blue by means of peroxides. The oxy-
gen of the air also reacts on Vidal Black, though but slowly, its direct green
dyeings when exposed to the air being turned into a fairly intense black. It is
however found that the oxygen of the air has quite a different effect in the
Vidal Black is then changed
presence of high pressure or super heated steam.
into a greenish blue, Immedial Black into a reddish dark blue, Kyrogene Blue
into a black blue, etc. The effect is consequently similar, though not equal, to
that of peroxide of hydrogen. This observation is of great technical importance,
as the aplication of this process is exceedingly simple and the resulting colours
are of a fastness hitherto unsurpassed.
The operation is carried out in an apparatus, the shape of which depends on
the material to be dyed (loose cotton, yarn, cops, etc.) constructed in such a manner
that the goods may be treated simultaneously with air and steam at temperatures
of over 100° C. For the success of the reaction it is necessary that the fibre
should show an alkaline reaction. As the dyeing process is carried out in a
bath containing sulphide of sodium which possesses strong alkaline reaction, it
will generally be sufficient to treat the material directly without washing or
drying it; if this is not possible the requisite alkaline reaction may be produced
by introducing some ammonia gas.
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1
1000

page_text: vention (which has been communicated to me from abroad by Leopold Cassella &
Company, of Frankfort-on-Main, in the Empire of Germany), and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
Under the denomination of Immedial Black, Vidal Black, Kyrogene Blue, etc.,
dyestuffs have been brought on the market which are obtained by heating various
primary substances with sulphur and sulphides. All these dyestuffs have the
property of dissolving easily in water in the presence of sulphide of sodium and
of directly dyeing vegetable fibre in such solution. The said dyestuffs have al-
ready been subjected to oxidation processes on the fibre. For instance the
greenish shade of Vidal Black has been changed into a black by the action of
bichromates and acids. Immedial black into a blue by means of peroxides in the
presence of ammonia. The oxygen of the air also reacts on Vidal Black, though
but slowly, its direct green dyeings when exposed to the air being turned into
a fairly intense black if no alkali is present.. It is however found that the
oxygen of the air has quite a different effect if it is allowed to react on a dyed
fibre which contains alkaline substances and if the action is assisted by superheated
or high pressure steam. Vidal Black is then changed into a greenish blue,
Immedial Black into a reddish dark blue, Kyrogene Blue into a black blue, etc.
The effect is consequently similar, though not equal to that of peroxide of hydro-
gen. This observation is of great technical importance, as the application-of
this pro unsurpassed.
is exceedingly simple and the resulting colours are of a fastness
hitherto
The operation is carried out in an apparatus, the shape of which depends on
the material to be dyed (loose cotton, yarn, cops, etc.) constructed in such a manner
that the goods may be treated simultaneously with air and steam at temperatures
of over 100° C. For the success of the reaction it is necessary that the fibre
should show an alkaline reaction. As the dyeing process is carried out in a
bath containing sulphide of sodium which possesses strong alkaline reaction, it
will generally be sufficient to treat the material directly without washing or
drying it; if this is not possible the requisite alkaline reaction may be produced
by introducing some ammonia gas.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
Treating fibre previously dyed with dyestuffs containing sulphur, such as
substances of the class of the so called Immedial dyestuffs or Vidal blacks, with
oxygen and high pressure or superheated steam in the presence of alkalis sub-
stantially as described.
Dated this 92nd day of November 1899