IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WORKING AND PREPARING HIDES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, of the Firm of Brandt
and v. Nawrocki, of 2, Koch Strasse, Berlin, Germany, Engineers and Patent
Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WORKING
AND PREPARING HIDES." A communication from Carl Jasmand, of Berlin,
Germany.
Sealed the 29th December 1877, and dated the 30th July 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July
1877.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of Brandt and v. Nawrocki,
of 2, Koch Strasse, Berlin, Germany, Engineers and Patent Agents. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR WORKING AND PREPARING HIDES." (A communication from
Carl Jasmand, of Berlin, Germany.)
The apparatus usually employed in Germany for working and preparing hides
consists of an upright post formed with a long hole through, and just below this
hole there is a projection on which rests a board, about 8 feet long, which has a hole
fitting loosely over the post. The hide to be worked is wedged into the hole; a
second similar board is placed on the hide, and both boards are united by bolts,
but so that the hide has free room in this space. Two men then now go with the
boards round the post till the hide is wound thereon; they then go back, winding
the hide the other way, and so on till the hide has been sufficiently treated. Two
strong workmen can hardly do one hide a day, and a large hide takes three to four
men.
According to this Invention, the above apparatus and labour is superseded by
machinery and power, all as herein-after described, fulfilling the same object, but
much cheaper and quicker.
On a framing is mounted a horizontal shaft; the bearings are made to slide and
are adjustable by hand wheel and screw passing through brackets above. The
shaft has a long hole for passing the hide through; it is fastened therein by a clamp

page_text: which can be jammed up by a screw, passing centrally through the shaft and out-
side of same fitted with a hand wheel. The shaft is made to revolve by tooth gear
and strap pulley. The shaft is surrounded by a drum or cylinder with one end or
bottom made adjustable by means of a hand wheel forming the nut for a screwed
part of the shaft, so as to be suitable for hides of varying widths; the hand wheel
is connected to the cylinder bottom, but so as to turn, while the cylinder bottom is
kept from turning with it.
The circumference of the drum or cylinder consists of two parts hinged together;
the lower part is fast on the frame and the upper part is locked to the lower part
by a clamp bolt or other connection; the upper part has a door for the entry of
the hides.
The reversing of the machine is done automatically; this may be accomplished
by arranging five strap pulleys on the driving shaft, the middle one being fast, the
others loose; there are two straps, one open, the other crossed; these are moved by
a striking bar having a slot, in which one arm of a weighted bell crank is guided,
the other arın being jointed by a wire to a lever jointed to the frame, and the
fulcrum spindle of which carries a second lever; a second and a third shaft are, by
wheel gearing, driven from the drum shaft; a pin arranged on the last of these
shafts takes into and raises and lowers the aforesaid first lever, thereby throwing
the bell-crank lever to one side or the other, and actuating the striking or reversing
bar. To throw this gear out of action, one of the tooth wheels are pushed out
of gear. When the striking gear is in the middle position, each strap is on a loose
pulley.
A hide having been jammed into the hole in the drum shaft, the machine is put
into motion, whereby the hide is wound on the shaft; the drum is then closed
firmly, and the machine is reversed, whereby the hide is wound up in the opposite
direction; this operation is then repeated several times automatically by the
machine. The hand wheel for pushing the bottom of the drum further in is turned
occasionally.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 30th January 1878.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of Brandt and v. Nawrocki,
of 2, Koch Strasse, Berlin, Germany, Engineers and Patent Agents. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR WORKING AND PREPARING HIDES." (A communication from
Carl Jasmand, of Berlin, Germany.)
The apparatus usually employed in Germany for working and preparing hides
consists of an upright post formed with a long hole through, and just below this
hole there is a projection, on which rests a board, about 8 feet long, which has a
hole fitting loosely over the post. The hide to be worked is wedged into the hole ;
a second similar board is placed on the hide, and both boards are united by bolts,
but so that the hide has free room in this space. Two men now go with the
boards round the post till the hide is wound thereon; they then go back, winding
the hide the other way, and so on, till the hide has been sufficiently treated. Two
strong workmen can hardly do one hide a day, and a large hide takes three to four
men.
According to this Invention, the above apparatus and labour is superseded by
machinery and power, all as herein-aftor described, fulfilling the same object, but
much cheaper and quicker.
On a framing is mounted a horizontal shaft; the bearings are made to slide and
are adjustable by hand wheel and screws passing through brackets above. The
shaft has a long hole for passing the hide through; it is fastened therein by a clamp
which can be jammed up by a screw passing centrally through the shaft, and out-
side of same fitted with a hand wheel. The shaft is made to revolve by tooth gear
and strap pulley. The shaft is surrounded by a drum or cylinder with one end or
bottom made adjustable by means of a hand wheel forming the nut for a screwed
part of the shaft, so as to be suitable for hides of varying widths; the hand wheel
is connected to the cylinder bottom, but so as to turn while the cylinder bottom is
kept from turning with it.
The circumference of the drum or cylinder consists of two parts hinged together;
the lower part is fast on the frame, and the upper part is locked to the lower part
by a clamp or bolt or other connection; the upper part has a door for the entry of
the hides.
The reversing of the machine is done automatically; this may be accomplished
by arranging five strap pulleys on the driving shaft, the middle one being fast, the
others loose; there are two straps, one open, the other crossed; these are moved by
a striking bar having a slot in which one arm of a weighted bell crank is guided,
the other arm being joined by a wire to a lever jointed to the frame, and the
fulcrum spindle of which carries a second lever; a second and a third shaft are, by
wheel gearing, driven from the drum shaft; a pin arranged on the last of these
shafts takes into and raises and lowers the aforesaid first lever, thereby throwing
the bell-crank lever to one side or the other, and actuating the striking or reversing
bar. To throw this gear out of action, one of the tooth wheels are pushed out
of gear. When the striking gear is in the middle position, each strap is on a loose
pulley.
A hide having been jammed into the hole in the drum shaft, the machine is put
into motion, whereby the hide is wound on the shaft; the drum is then closed
firmly and the machine is reversed, whereby the hide is wound up in the opposite
direction; this operation is then repeated several times automatically by the
machine. The hand wheel for pushing the bottom of the drum further in is turned
occasionally.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, of the accompanying Drawings is a side view of a machine
constructed according to this Invention; Figure 2 is a plan of same.
Figure 3, Sheet 2, is a front or end view of the machine, and Figure 4, a vertical
section on life E, F, Figure 1.

page_text: Figure 5, Sheet 3, is a vertical longitudinal section on line A, B, Figure 2, and
Figure 6, a horizontal section through the centre line C, D, Figure 1.
A is a horizontal shaft working in bearings a, a, which are vertically adjustable
by means of the screws b, b; these latter are, by groove and pin, connected to the
bearings a, a, so as to turn freely therein, and are each fitted with hand wheel o;
the bearings are guided in frames d, d, fastened to the machine framing B. The
spindle has near the left or front end a slot hole f for receiving a suitable part of
the hide, which is held fast therein by a clamp gand axial screw h; the brass nut h'
of the latter is screwed on to the shaft A; 2 is a hand wheel on the screw h. The
shaft A is made to revolve by means of the wheel C, pinion D, and strap pulleys E.
G is a drum or cylinder serving to wind the hide round the shaft A; this cylinder
is fitted with a bottom or end disc H, which is adjustable for altering the interior
length of the cylinder as required, according to the size of the bide to be operated
upon. For this purpose the shaft A has screw thread on its right-hand end, and by
turning the hand wheel k one way or the other, the end disc H is moved to the
right or the left. The disc H has two or more projections on the circumference
which take into guide grooves c in the cylinder; the disc H is united with bush B
by means of four bars m, the upturned ends of which fit in grooves in the hand
wheel k and disc H respectively, thus enabling the hand wheel to turn freely while
the disc H does not turn.
The circumferential part of the drum consists of two parts united by hinge o¹;
the lower part is fastened to the framing of the machine, and the upper part is
connected to the lower part by two screw clamps p; M is a door on the cylinder,
and q a screw for closing it; the hide is put in through this door.
The automatic reversing of the machine is done as follows:-The centre pulley
of the five strap pulleys E is fast on the shaft while the other four are loose. There
are two straps, one open and one crossed; P is the striking gear for shifting them,
formed with a bar, wherein the bell-crank lever r with weight r' is guided; the
short arm of the latter is, by means of a wire 72, connected to a lever s pivoting
on the framing and carrying a lever s¹. The tooth pinion F drives the tooth
wheels R, S; the latter has a peg which raises or depresses the lever s, thus causing
the bell crank and weight to be thrown to the right or to the left, and effecting the
reversing. To throw this appliance out of gear, the wheel R need only be pushed
along its spindle out of gear with the pinion F. When the striking gear is in its
middle position, both the straps are on loose pulleys and the machine is at rest.
The hide being fastened into the shaft, the machine is put into motion, the hide
winds itself on the shaft; the drum is then firmly closed and the machine reversed,
whereby the hide is wound up in the opposite direction. As it cannot get out
anywhere, it must become well bent in every part; this must be repeated often, the
automatic striking gear reversing the motion. To compress the hide laterally, the
wheel must be turned.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention, I declare
that I claim as the herein-before described Invention.
Firstly. The application of a winding spindle with hole through for taking the
hide in combination with an enclosing drum or cylinder with adjustable bottom,
all constructed and operating substantially as set forth.
Secondly. The application of automatic reversing gear to an apparatus as described
in the previous claim.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
GERARD WENZESLAUS V. NAWROCKI. (L.S.)