IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING APPARATUS FOR FLUIDS, LIQUIDS, OR SOLIDS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Daniel Cogswell,. of the City and County of
San Francisco, State of California, U.S.A., Gentleman, for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING APPARATUS FOR FLUIDS, LIQUIDS, OR
SOLIDS."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henry Daniel Cogswell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1881.
HENRY DANIEL COGSWELL, of the City and County of San Francisco, State
of California, U.S.A., Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING APPARATUS
FOR FLUIDS, LIQUIDS, OR SOLIDS."
My Invention relates to certain improvements in refrigeration, these improve-
ments being applicable to the cooling of air for the supply of halls, theatres,
steamships for passenger traffic, railway cars, hospital wards, and other apartments
for any purposes.
The Invention is also applicable to cool beer, wine, water, sugar, syrups, and
Liquids of all kinds, either in cask or in bulk, or as it passes through pipes, as for
use in drinking fountains.
My Invention consists in the employment of a series of pipes arranged in
horizontal layers or coils within a chamber or case, so that ice may be placed upon
the coils.
The coils or layers of pipes are connected with a street main or other source of
supply, from which water will pass through them by hydraulic pressure, and this
water will be reduced to nearly or quite freezing point during its passage through
the pipes.
From the opposite or exit end of the coils or layers of pipes, the water is led
through other pipes to the points where it is to be used for the refrigeration or
cooling of other fluids, liquids, or substances, or where it may be needed itself.
The converging pipes may be protected by some non-conducting compound.
When employed to cool beer, wine, or liquids in casks, I employ a coil or
gridiron of pipes returning upon each other within the cask and provided with
suitable ingress and egress cocks, so that this cold water may be conveyed through
the pipes within the cask as rapidly as may be desired by hydraulic pressure, and
Duin 1

page_text: in its passage it absorbs the heat of the liquid within the cask so as to gradually
reduce its temperature.
When employed to preserve meat, fish, butter, fruit, fowls, game, and other
articles, especially for ordinary household consumption, a closet or case is made,
having hollow metallic shelves; so connected that water may be caused to flow
through the shelves; and by the absorption of heat from the atmosphere of the
closet the temperature is reduced.
The water is introduced and withdrawn as before described.
When air is to be cooled for the supply of rooms or apartments, the cold
water pipes may be laid within a room or chamber of suitable dimensions, and a
circulation take place through them so as to cool tho air within the chamber.
Bell mouthed pipes open into this chamber and a fan blower or other suitable
device forces the cool air from the chamber through the pipes to the rooms or
apartments to be cooled, where it is distributed in any desirable or suitable
manner.
If the water is to be cooled and used for drinking fountains, it passes through
the pipes in the ice chamber, and is led from these pipes directly to the fountain, to
be drawn from a faucet as needed or desired.
Referring to the accompanying Drawings for a more complete explanation of my
Invention,
"
Figure 1 is a view of an ice chamber having layers of pipes through which
water passes under pressure, and from which it is led to the drinking fountain or
other point for use.
Figure 2 shows the method of using the water to cool the contents of casks and
barrels.
Figure 3 shows its application to cool a closet by means of hollow shelves.
Figure 4 shows the application to cool air for rooms or halls, and
Figure 5 is a view showing the application of the pipes surrounding a hospital
bed.
A is a tank, chamber, or receptacle made of any suitable size and material,
and placed in any suitable position.
This chamber should be preferably constructed like a refrigerator so as to
preserve the ice which is placed within it as long as possible.
Within this chamber I place one or more layers of pipes B which extend
back and forward across its lower part so as to fill it.
One end of these pipes is connected by a reducer with the street main or other
source of supply, and a cock C regulates the admission of the water.
Ice is placed upon the layers or floor of pipes B, and as it melts it fits itself
around the pipes so as to nearly enclose them, and the water which flows through
them will be reduced to about the temperature of the ice itself.
An egress cock D regulates its discharge and it flows from the pipes through a
conducting pipe E leading directly to a fountain for drinking purposes.
In this case it has a faucet or cock F of any desired pattern, and the waste water
falls into a receiver G, whence it flows through the body of the structure into
another cavity or receiver H at the base of the fountain, and it may be conveyed
away to the sewer through waste pipes I.
When it is to be used in cooling beer or other liquids in casks, the conducting
pipe E leads the water to the cask, and it is coupled to a pipe J which projects
from the head of the cask near the top.
This pipe is carried back and forward through the cask, returning upon itself
until it reaches the bottom as shown in Figure 2.
It then passes out through the opposite head and is provided with a faucet or
cock K, so that the water may be drawn off and used when desired, or it may be
led from the first cock to a second, and passed through a similar coil of pipes
within it.
The faucet L serves to draw the contents of the cask itself, and shown as placed

page_text: at the opposite end from K, although the two may be placed side by side at one
end if desired.
By this construction the cold water is carried by hydraulic pressure from the
chamber A in which it is cooled, to the cask where it is passed through the pipes
within the cask, and thus absorbs the heat of the liquid within the cask, so that
its temperature may be reduced to any desired extent.
For household or other similar uses I build a closet or chamber M having
shelves N, which are either formed of a series of flattened pipes connected as
heretofore described, or the shelves may preferably be made hollow, of galvanized
iron or other metal, and constructed to receive the cold water from the pipe E
which leads it from the refrigerator.
This cold water circulates through the upper shelf and passes through a pipe O
to the next lower shelf, and so on to the bottom.
By this construction a large surface of cold metal is exposed and the whole
atmosphere of the chamber or closet will be reduced, so that articles placed therein
will be preserved for a long time.
If desired the water may be allowed to flow into a compartment at the bottom;
and a shelf with openings in it serves to hold bottles which may stand in the water
so that they are kept cool.
To cool the air for theatres, halls, rooms, hospital wards, and other places, I provide
a chamber or room P, the floor of which is covered with layers of pipes Q, and
these pipes may be carried up the walls of the room as high as desired so as to
increase the cooling surface. These refrigerating pipes are in all cases made of
sufficient size to hold a body of water in a state of comparative rest until properly
cooled.
The pipe E from the refrigerating tank A leads the cold water into the pipes Q,
and it circulates through them under sufficient pressure to cause it to move as fast
as desired. These refrigerating pipes may also be employed in connection with the
seats of theatres, halls, or churches, or in other suitable places to provide additional
cooling facilities.
The flow may be regulated by a cock in the manner heretofore described.
One or more fan blowers or other suitable form of air forcing apparatus R is
connected with the chamber and discharges air into it in such a manner that the
air will be brought into contact with the cold pipes Q, and thus cooled.
A pipe S has a flaring or bell-shaped mouth opening into the room, and this
receives the air which after being cooled is forced out by the action of the blower,
and is conveyed by the pipe S to the room or rooms to be cooled.
Branch pipes T lead from the main pipe to the other apartments if desired, and
by this arrangement cool air can be furnished to any number of rooms, or to various
parts of the same large hall or theatre.
When it is desired to apply cold air to one or more beds in a hospital ward, the
bed or beds may be surrounded on three sides with screens formed of cold water
conveying pipes suitably concealed, and the proper degree of cold may thus be
produced without the expense of a separate cooling room with blowers. The
surface within the frame may be composed of panels of porous pottery or other
ware to give an evaporating surface.
The water which has been cooled to be used in the various operations heretofore
described will not be rapidly reduced in temperature after the chambers are once
cool and in readiness to run, and the exit pipo for the water may be led to various
convenient points where faucets can be placed so that the water may be drawn for
drinking purposes.
In some cases it may be found desirable to have a moist as well as a cool
atmosphere in certain rooms, in which case I would employ a series a porous pipes
or hollow panels through which the cold water might pass, and a portion of it would
evaporate through the pipes and thus produce a moist atmosphere within the room
or inclosure.
These pipes would be built into the wainscoating or next the walls of the room

page_text: or building, and might be concealed by an ornamental covering, or open or carved
woodwork, iron casting, or wire work.
If the air is to be disinfected, medicated, or perfumed for any purpose, the
substance is to be introduced into the pipe S which leads the air to the apartment,
and it will thus be carried into the apartment with the air.
It will be manifest that this apparatus may be equally well applied to the
distribution of hot air in cold weather to warm railway cars, steamship saloons,
and other apartments, by simply supplying hot air instead of cold air or water.
Having thus described my Invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure
by Letters Patent is,-
I. The method herein described for refrigerating water to be used for cooling
purposes, consisting of a tank or chamber having a supplemental floor of iron pipes
through which the water flows under pressure, said floor being covered with ice,
substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
II. The tank or chamber A with its flooring of layers of pipes B to receive a
body of ice, while water is flowing through said pipes under pressure, substantially
as herein described.
III. The cooling or refrigerating tank or chamber A with its layers of pipes B
and the connecting pipe E, in combination with the fountain with its faucet F,
receivers G and H, and waste pipes, substantially as and for the purpose herein
described.
IV. The cooling or refrigerating chamber A with its layers of pipes J fixed
within the cask or receptacle, and the connecting pipe E and regulating cocks,
substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
V. In combination with the cooling or refrigerating tank A with its pipes B and
the connecting pipe E, the chamber or closet M with its hollow shelves N adapted
to receive the water from the pipe, and the connecting pipes o and egress pipe,
substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
VI. In combination with the refrigerating or cooling chamber A with its water
conveying pipes B and the pipe E, the chamber P with its layers of pipes Q
adapted to receive and circulate the water, the fan or air forcing apparatus R,
and the exit air conveying pipe S, substantially as and for the purpose herein
described.