Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Feb., 1886.
Complete Left, 10th Dec., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 4th Feb., 1887.
PETER KIRK of Bankfield Workington in the County of Cumberland Iron and
Steel Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of improvements in and additions to a former invention for
which Letters Patent number 785 of the year 1885 have been granted to me In
carrying into effect the said former invention I form rail holding clips, jaws or chairs
out of the body of the sleeper and in order to obtain sufficient strength in these Clips,
jaws or chairs without rendering the sleeper excessively heavy I roll the sleeper with
thicker places at the parts where the Clips or jaws are to be formed or it may be with
a thicker band running down the centre of the sleeper According to my present
invention I make use of the (lips or jaws obtained in accordance with my said former
invention to hold chairs in which the rails are fixed and I make certain modifications
in the formation of the Sleeper The said Chairs are by preference made of steel
rolled in bars to the required section and cut into lengths to form the Chairs Each
chair is formed with jaws to hold the rail and the fastening key if such he used and is
also formed with feet or projecting flanges to enter below the clips upon the Sleeper.
I prefer to cut or shape these flanges so that they will lock into the clips on one side
or on each side to prevent endwise movement of the chair upon the sleeper The chair
is secured to the sleeper by hammering or pressing down the clips upon the flanges or
feet of the Chair so that the latter is firmly gripped and by preference the operation is
effected when the chair is cold and the sleeper hot. In some cases I may secure the
chair with a key or with keys so that it can be removed from the sleeper when
desirable. In some cases I form one jaw or each jaw double the part secured to the
sleeper being formed by a return bend from the top of the jaw When so formed the
chair can be sprung into its place on the sleeper in rolling the sleepers I sometimes
form them with more than one thicker band extending across the sleeper or partly
across below each chair or in the direction of the length of the sleeper the jaws or
clips being formed entirely of these thicker bands or partly of such bands and partly
of the general body of the sleeper. When the longitudinal bands appear on the top
the sleeper they furnish such a foothold for horses as would be desirable in some
cases. 1 may also employ these sleepers rolled with bands in cases wherein the chairs
are clenched or riveted and welded to the sleepers in accordance with an invention for
which Letters Patent number 15396 of the year 1884 have been granted to me.
of
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents.

page_text: I PETER KIRK of Bankfield, Workington in the County of Cumberland Iron and
steel manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying drawings:-
My invention consists of improvements in and additions to a former invention for
which Letters Patent number 785 of the year 1885 have been granted to me. In
carrying into effect the said former invention I form rail holding clips, jaws or chairs
out of the body of the sleeper and in order to obtain sufficient strength in these clips.
jaws or chairs without rendering the sleeper excessively heavy 1. roff the sleeper with
thicker places at the parts where the clips or jaws are to be formed or it may be with
a thicker band running down the centre of the sleeper. According to my present
invention I make use of the clips or jaws obtained in accordance with my said former
invention to hold chairs in which the rails are fixed and I make certain modifications
in the formation of the sleeper. In rolling the sleepers I sometimes form them with
more than one thicker band extending across the sleeper or partly across below each
chair or in the direction of the length of the sleeper.
The nature and object of my invention will be most fully understood when the said
invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In sheet 1 of
the said drawings Fig. 1 represents a Vertical Longitudinal Section taken through the
centre of a chair and of the portion of sleeper which comes immediately below the
chair. Fig. 2 is a plan of the same parts. In both Figs. a piece of rail is represented
as secured in position within the jaws of the chair. In sheet 2 Figs. 5 and 6 are corre-
sponding views illustrative of a modification in the method of securing the chair to the
sleeper. In Figs. 1 and 2 is a chair is a portion of a sleeper and is a short length
of ordinary rail. Fig. 3 represents a cross section of the sleeper on the line A in Fig. 2
and Fig. a cross section of the sleeper at about the centre of its length. The sleeper
which I will suppose to be made of steel is rolled with a band which runs from end
to end of the sleeper and is thicker than the parts which extend on each side from the
said band to the edges of the sleeper. In the operation of rolling this band is reduced
in thickness or worked down by means of spaced rollers as described in the specification
of my said former invention so as to leave thicker hands or patches at the parts which
come below the two chairs. In Fig. 1 the said thicker band or patch marked is
indicated as extending from d toe and dies out or is tapered off to the thickness of the
sides of the ends and middle portions of the sleeper. In the example the sides of the
portion of sleeper extending from d to e are also made thicker than the corresponding
parts of the end and middle portions in order to strengthen the parts which more
immediately sustain the load. The chair may also be made of rolled steel or of rolled
iron but I do not confine myself to the employment of rolled metal chairs. In the
example selected for illustration the chair is made from a bar of steel which has been
rolled to a suitable section the bar being sawn into a number of pieces each of a length
suitable to form a chair this being the method of formation which I prefer to adopt.

page_text: The chair has a flange or foot a¹ projecting from each side. A piece of this foot is
punched cut away or removed on one side of the chair so as to leave two toes or
projections at the extreme ends of the foot as seen in Fig 2. The sleeper is punched
and pressed for the formation of projecting clips ff which are formed out of the thickest
part of the sleeper as in my said former invention. The chair is placed in position so
that one of the two clips passes between the two toes a² and projects over the remaining
portion of the foot upon the side which for sake of distinction I will term the right
hand side of the chair. A key is then driven into the space between the other clip
and the foot upon the left hand side so as to jamb the foot upon the right hand side
tightly into the cleft of the clip. The said key is shaped on one side to suit the form
of the clip and on the other side to project over the flange upon the chair which is thus
tightly held down upon the sleeper whilst it is prevented from moving in the direction
of the length of the rail by the toes a² which extend on each side of the clip. In this
example the chair can be removed at any time by driving out the key. In the example
illustrated by Figs. 5 and 6 the chair is permanently secured to the sleeper by
hammering or pressing down the two clips upon the flanges or feet of the chair. I
prefer that this operation shall be effected when the chair is cold and the sleeper or the
part which is to receive the chair is hot so that the contraction of the sleeper will cause
it to tighten its grip upon the chair. In this example a portion is removed from the
foot upon each side of the chair so that each of the two clips / passes between two toes
or projections and also the part of the flange between these toes is bent or pressed
downward so as to extend into the slot in the sleeper and thereby to interlock itself
more securely with the sleeper. This bending of the flange also furnishes a curved bed
suitably shaped to receive the clip which is pressed upon it. It will be seen that if the
clips have been tightly hammered or pressed down upon the projecting feet of the
chair the latter will be firmly clamped to the sleeper. The form of the chair may be
varied according to the size or form of the rail which is to be held and to the means
which are to be employed in securing the rail within the chair. Fig. 7 illustrates a
form of chair which I propose to use in some cases. In this example one jaw of the
chair is of a double formation the outer part being formed by a return bend from the
top of the jaw. Such a chair may be sprung into position between the clips upon the
sleeper or may be secured by the means herein indicated and in either case possesses
more spring that is to say more elastic properties so that the key which holds the rail
within the chair will not be so liable to become loose. In both examples illustrated by
Figs. 1 and 2 and 5 and 6 the sleeper is supposed to be long enough to hold two chairs
as is usual on chair not appearing for want of space in the drawing. In some cases
however the sleepers may be adapted to hold only one chair. I do not confine myself
to any particular formation of sleeper so long as the sleepers are made of rolled steel
or iron and are formed with clips which are made by cutting and turning or pressing
up thicker portions of the sleeper and so long as chairs are clamped to the sleepers
by means of such clips. Figs. 8 to 10 illustrate some of the modifications
which may be made in the formation of the sleepers. In Fig. 8 the additional
thickness is obtained by forming a projecting patch upon the top of the sleeper
or a projecting band as the case may be. In some cases two or more hands
projecting either from the upper or lower surface or from both may extend across
the breadth of the portion of the sleeper which is to carry each chair. In Fig. 9 two
bands extending from end to end of the sleeper project from the inner surface of the
same the intention being to cut the sleeper so that the holding clip shall consist of parts
of these bands either alone or along with parts of the main body of the sleeper. In
such a case I should prefer to form four clips two on each side of the chair as indicated
in plan in Fig. 10 which illustrates an example of a sleeper rolled with two bands or
ribs which project from the upper surface of the sleeper and serve to strengthen the
sleeper and to form the said clips. In such a case I should cut square notches at the
two ends of each foot a¹ so that the central part would fit between the two clips. If.
preferred the longitudinal bands or suitable longitudinal bands may project both from
the upper and under surface of the sleeper. When the longitudinal bands appear on
the top of the sleeper they furnish such a foothold for horses as would be desirable in

page_text: some cases. I may also employ these sleepers rolled with bands in cases wherein the
chairs are clenched or riveted and welded to the sleepers in accordance with an invention
for which Letters Patent number 15396 of the year 1884 have been granted to me.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
(1) The combined chairs and sleepers formed and produced substantially as set forth
and indicated herein before and in the accompanying Drawings.
(2) A rolled steel or iron Railway sleeper formed with clips made from thicker
parts of the sleeper in combination with a rolled steel or iron chair or with chairs
secured to the sleeper by the aid of the said clips substantially as set forth and
indicated.
(3) A rolled steel or iron Railway sleeper in combination with a chair or with chairs
each produced by cutting up a bar which has been rolled to a suitable section and each
secured to the sleeper by means of a metal key and by the aid of suitably shaped clips
or projections formed in the indicated manner or secured by hammering or pressing
such clips over projecting parts of the chair.
(4) A Railway sleeper of the indicated formation in combination with a metal chair
secured to the sleeper in the manner and by the means substantially as set forth and
indicated.
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester.
Agents.