Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 16th Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 17th Feb., 1888
I HENRY LIEPMANN, Ph. D. and F.C.S. Managing Director of the Liepmann
Carbon Company Limited of Nelson Wharf Millwall in the County of Middlesex
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In working out the invention for which I on the 31st March 1887 applied for
Letters Patent No. 4832 I have arrived at certain results which do not appear to be
fully comprised within the Provisional Specification of such application and my present
invention partly comprises such results, and partly some other improvements.
"
In order to obtain an extended surface within a small compass I form compound
carbon "plates" for galvanic batteries of a flat, annular, horse shoe or other suitable
form and in some cases of a form to suit the so called corrugated porous pots.
In order to construct these compound carbon plates" I insert the ends of the
component carbon rods bars or narrow plates into a recess in a suitable mould in such
manner that narrow spaces be left between each two adjoining rods and in some cases
so that the recess is on each side narrowed in between the carbons which however may
be arranged in one or more rows but in the latter case so as to intersect or break
bond as it were.
Furthermore the general direction of the component carbons may
be a continuous line, or a zig-zag, wavy, fluted or similar line. This is specially the
case when the "plates" are to be used in connection with the aforesaid corrugated
porous pots, and the plates made in a continuous line or zig-zag or similar line as
stated may also be either in the general form of a flat plate or a circular, or horse-shoe,
or triangular, rectangular, or other polygonal form. Also the compound plates may
be either made in one piece or in segments or parts so as to suit different require-
ments, the said parts being electrically united. It must also be understood that
the compound plates when used with the corrugated porous pots should be made
to conform with the configuration of the said pots or cells in order to ensure the
principal object of the invention, viz.: to obtain an extended surface within a small
compass and that whether the pots be based upon a circular, triangular, polygonal, or
elongated, or flattened form the surfaces or sides being in all cases corrugated.
The rods having been inserted as described and held in the desired position
temporarily by a suitable frame or other means, I run lead or a lead alloy or other

page_text: suitable metal or alloy into the mould. The carbons are by preference notched at the
end which is inserted in the mould so as to give the metal additional grip. Or
may first run in the metal and then insert the carbons held in the frame.
I
Thin sheet brass or other suitable metal bands may when required be inserted in
the molten metal in the mould while the metal is still in a sufficiently molten state for
the purpose of stiffening or preventing buckling or bending. The thin plates follow
the contour of the interior of the mould and are carefully coated with lead
before being inserted. When the "plate" of flat annular or other shape has
been thus formed and taken out of the mould I place it in a bath of molten paraffin
reaching just above the lead setting or to a greater or the whole depth of the carbons,
I then cover the lead setting or head and the adjoining part of the carbons with
insulating material.
For very long rods or carbons I prefer to provide a setting at the bottom of the
"plate" as well as at the top or head and this setting may be of the same kind as the
one just described for the top, or it may be only insulating material alone or with
lead wire or the like for the tying the rods or parts together and for supporting the
insulating material. Or I may use any other suitable means of connection at
this place, such for instance as a wood frame, soaked in paraffin. The rods may
be solid or cored electric lighting carbons, and either with the core inserted or
without.
In one form of battery I employ a zinc or other suitable metallic positive element
in the corrugated porous pot, and make the said element by preference with an
extended surface and so as to conform with the corrugated shape of the pot. Around
the porous pots I then place the carbon plate which is also made to correspond with
the configuration of the positive element. In another form of battery I reverse this
arrangement, that is to say, I place the corrugated carbon electrode in the corrugated
porous pot, and the zinc or other suitable metallic element outside of it and make it by
preference of a shape to correspond with the corrugated porous pot but without
confining myself to such shape. The said element may be of any ordinary well known
form if preferred.

page_text: Improvements in Galvanic Batteries.
I, HENRY LIEPMANN Ph. D. and F.C.S. Managing Director of the Liepmann
Carbon Company Limited of Nelson Wharf Millwall in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
In working out the invention for which I on the 31st March 1887 applied
for Letters Patent No. 4832 I have arrived at certain results which do not
appear to be fully comprised within the Provisional Specification of such applica-
tion and my present invention partly comprises such results, and partly some other
improvements.
"
وو
In order to obtain an extended surface within a small compass, I form compound
carbon "plates" for galvanic batteries of a flat, aunular horse shoe or other suitable
form and in some cases of a form to suit the so-called "corrugated porous pots."
In order to construct these compound carbon " plates I insert the ends of the
component carbon rods bars or narrow plates into a recess in a suitable mould
as described in the complete Specification of my aforesaid patent application
in such manner that narrow spaces be leit between each two adjoining rods and
in some cases so that the recess is on each side narrowed in between the carbons
which however may be arranged in one or more rows but in the latter case so as
to intersect or break bond as it were. Furthermore the general direction of the
component carbons may be a continuous line or a zigzag, wavy, fluted or similar
line. This is specially the case when the "plates are to be used in connection
with the aforesaid corrugated porous pots. And the plates made in a continuous
line or zigzag or similar line as stated may also be either in the general form of a
flat plate, or a circular or horse shoe or triangular rectangular or other polygonal
form. Also the compound plates may be either made in one piece or in segments
or parts so as to suit different requirements, the said parts being electrically united.
It must also be understood that the compound plates when used with the corrugated
porous pots should be made to conform with the configuration of the said pots or cells
in order to ensure the principal object of the invention viz. to obtain an extended
surface within a small compass and that whether the pots be based upon a circular,
triangular polygonal or elongated or flattened form the surfaces or sides being in all
cases corrugated.
The rods having been inserted as described and held in the desired position
temporarily by a suitable frame or other means, I run lead or a lead alloy or
other suitable metal or alloy into the mould. The carbons are by preference
notched at the end which is inserted in the mould so as to give the metal
additional grip. Or I may first run in the metal and then insert the carbons
held in the frame.
Thin sheet brass or other suitable metal bands as described in my aforesaid Complete

page_text: Specification, are inserted in the molten metal in the mould while the metal is still in
a sufficiently molten state, or before the lead is poured in for the purpose of stiffening
or preventing buckling or bending. The thin plates follow the contour of the interior
of the mould and are carefully coated with lead before being inserted. When the
"plate" of flat annular or other shape has been thus formed and taken out of the
mould I place it in a bath of molten paraffin reaching just above the lead setting or if
desired to a greater depth or the whole length of the carbons. The paraffin is caused
to penetrate into the interior, but the outer surface of the carbons should be clean, and
any paraffin that may be left on the outside should be removed mechanically or by a
solvent. I then cover the lead setting or head and the adjoining part of the carbons
with insulating material.
In the accompanying drawings I have shewn some forms of such compound carbon
"plates."
Figure 1 is a plan view of a plate in which the carbon rods a are arranged in an
undulating form in a lead setting b. Instead of being in the general form of a flat
plate it may be that of a circular one or part circular or horseshoe shape. c care metal
strips cast into the lead setting for giving additional stiffness as described in my
aforesaid Complete Specification.
Figure 2 shews a somewhat similar arrangement of carbon rods a in a lead setting b
shewing also the metal strip c which is cast into the lead setting for giving additional
stiffness.
In Figure 3 the carbon rods and their setting arc arranged in an undulating
manner. Figure 4 shews an arrangement of carbon rods and setting in a kind of
polygonal ring form.
Figures 5 and 6 shew arrangements of double rows of carbons in a more or less
horseshoe like form.
Figures 7 and 8 shews porous pots d, d, containing the zinc electrodes e, e, the carbon
electrodes ff made in parts electrically connected and partly surrounding the porous
pots d d and all placed in the outer pots g.
<
For very long rods or carbons I prefer to provide a setting at the bottom of the
'plate" as well as at the top or head and this setting may be of the same kind as the
one just described for the top, or it may be only insulating material alone or with lead
wire, asbestos yarn or the like for tying the rods or parts together and for supporting
the insulating material. Or I may use any other suitable means of connection at this
place, such for instance as a wood frame soaked in paraffin. The rods may be solid or
cored electric lighting carbons, and either with the core inserted or without.
In one form of battery I employ a zine or other suitable metallic positive element
in the corrugated porous pot, and make the said element by preference with an
extended surface and so as to conform with the corrugated shape of the pot. Around
the porous pot I then place the carbon plate which is also made to correspond with the
configuration of the positive element.
Figures 9 and 10 show a positive element e in a corrugated porous pot d which is
surrounded by a compound carbon plate fof a form to correspond with that of the
porous pot and all contained in the outer pot g.
In Figure 11 the positive element e is in a corrugated porous pot d and this latter is
partly surrounded by a carbon plate of corresponding form and suitable for being
placed with one or more such sets of zinc electrode e porous pot d and carbon plate f
in a common outer pot g.
Figure 12 shows the zinc element e in a corrugated porous pot d which is surrounded
by the annular compound carbon plate fin the pot g.
Figure 13 is plan and Figure 14 vertical section through a somewhat similar
construction of cell shewing an inner circular zinc element in a corrugated porous
pot d surrounded by a correspondingly corrugated carbon plate f in the pot g.
The carbon rods are set in lead at the top and with the stiffening brass strips
and the carbon rods are at the bottom set in insulating material and tied
together with lead wire or asbestos yarn, all as described in my aforesaid patent
specification.

page_text: In another form of battery I reverse this arrangement that is to say I place the
corrugated or other carbon electrode in the corrugated porous pot, and the zinc or other
suitable metallic element outside of it and make it by preference of a shape to correspond
with the corrugated porous pot but without confining myself to such shape. The said
element may be of any ordinary well known form if preferred.
Figure 15 shows such a form of cell where the porous pot d contains a correspondingly
corrugated compound carbon plate, f, the zinc element e in the form of a ring being
outside the pot d and inside the pot g.
In Figure 16 the arrangement is somewhat similar only that the carbon element or
plate fis plain annular.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
First: The improved forms or constructions of compound carbon electrode
substantially as described and shown.
Second-The improved forms or constructions of electric battery substantially as
described and shown.
Dated this 16th day of January 1888.
HENRY LIEPMANN.
By Jensen & Son,.
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Patent Agents.