IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TERRY AND OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Johnson, of Over Darwen, in the
County of Lancaster, Mechanic, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th October 1853.
1, JOHN JOHNSON, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TERRY AND OTHER SIMILAR
FABRICS" to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in looms for weaving terry and other
similar fabrics relates to that description of power looms in which the
terry or looped surface is formed by means of wires which are inserted
in the shed of the warp, and are incorporated with the fabric as the
weaving operation proceeds.

page_text: Considerable difficulty now exists in introducing long thin wires, and
great inconvenience arises from the vibration of the wire as it is moved
in or out of the fabric. The object of the present. Invention is to
obviate this inconvenience, and to counteract the vibratory motion com-
municated to the wires by the process of withdrawing them from the
cloth, advancing them towards the slay, and moving them forward to
introduce them into the open shed. This is effected by means of a
holder or other similar mechanical contrivance, which will keep the
wire steady and support it while it is being moved to and fro. By this
means the wire is made to enter the open shed with more correctness
and steadiness, thereby enabling the loons to run at a greater speed
and to perform the wire motions with greater accuracy than heretofore.
The necessary reciprocating notions of the wires in and out of the
shed are effected by means of levers, which are actuated by cams or
tappets that are driven by gearing in connection with the main driving
shaft. By means of this arrangement or combination of levers driven
by cams or tappets I am enabled to perform, the wire motions at a
higher speed and with more evenness of motion than heretofore.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th April 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,'
JOHN JOHNSON, of Over Darwen, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said John Johnson, Her special
licence that 1, the said John Johnson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Johnson, my executors,

page_text: administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING TERRY AND OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS," upon the-condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Johnson, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and,
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great'
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately,
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained:
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that:
is to say):
My Invention is particularly applicable to looms in which terry
fabrics are woven, and in which the terries are formed on wires attached.
to moveable carriers by which the wires are introduced and withdrawn,
such as the looms described in the Specifications of Letters Patent:
granted to Alfred Vincent Newton on the Nineteenth March, One,
thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, and, on the Thirty-first,
January, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, respectively."
And my said Invention consists, firstly, in certain improved stays for:
the wires on which the terries or loops are woven, the said stays being.
for the purpose of preventing or diminishing the vibration of the wires:
as they are advancing towards and being inserted into the open shed;;."
and, secondly, in an improved combination of parts for giving motion to
the carriages and the carriers to which the terry wires are attached.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to:
describe the means of performing the same reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, on which similar letters and figures

page_text: of reference are used to denote corresponding parts in the merent
figures or views.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Fig. 1, is a side elevation, partly in section, of the principal parts of a
loom for weaving terry carpets, to which my improvements are applied;
Fig. 2, is a front elevation; and Fig. 3, a plan of the same. a, is the
crank shaft; b, an intermediate shaft; c, is the tappet shaft; d, is the
lay bottom; d', is the reed; and d², the lay swords; e, is the breast
beam; f,f, and f', f', are four pairs of rods placed two pairs at each
end of the breast beam, on which rods the auxiliary carriages g, and g',
and wire carriers h, h, and h', h', slide to and fro. To each wire carrier
is attached a terry or figuring wire, those on the right-hand side of the
loom being marked k, and those on the left ', as shewn in Fig. 2, and
partly in Fig. 3. These wires k, and , fit and slide in holes in the
guides h, and by means of the rocking shafts e¹, and e", the wire car-
riers and the guides are advanced towards and made to recede from the
open shed. The above parts and their mode of action are fully described
in the Specifications of the before-mentioned Letters Patent granted to
Alfred Vincent Newton.
The first part of my Invention is constructed in the following
manner-At each side of the loom is fixed a slender bracket i, to
which are attached the stays j, the object of which is to steady the terry
or figuring wires marked k, k, and le, , in Figure 3, when they have
been drawn out of the loops of the fabric, and are caused to advance
towards the open shed by the motion given to the carriers h, h, and
h', h', and guides h, in the manner described in the Specifications of
the before-mentioned Letters Patent respectively granted to Alfred
Vincent Newton. These stays are held at a suitable distance from the
wire carriers (as seen in Fig. 1), consequently they are out of the way
of the carriers when the wires are being drawn out of the fabric, but
when the wires are advanced towards the open shed they come againt
and remain in contact with the stays until the wires have been inserted
some distance across the shed, when the guides and carriers begin to

page_text: be drawn back by the rocking shaft so as to clear the stays. By means
of the stays the vibration which is imparted to the wires by the
advancing of the carriers and guides is avoided or greatly diminished.
The same object may also be accomplished by the forked stays 1, 1,
seen in the detached Figures 4, and 5. In these Figures the stays are
fixed to a cross shaft P, and a to and fro motion is given to them by a
cam a', fixed on the crank shaft a; the groove in this cam acts on a
roller at the end of the lever 1, which is fixed to one of the forked
stays 1. When the wire is being drawn out of the fabric the forked
stays are approaching the wire so as to receive it when it is com-
pletely withdrawn, and as soon as one of the wire carriers h, or h¹, and
guides, move towards the open shed the forked stays move back with
them, and during that operation support the wire. When the wire has
been inserted some distance into the open shed the forked stays are
moved further back so as to allow the wire carrier to continue the
insertion of the wire without coming in contact with the forked stays.
I will now proceed to describe the second part of my Invention, which
has reference to the machinery or mechanism for moving to and fro the
terry wires or the carriages on which they are mounted, and which I
call a compound cam or tappet and lever motion. In Figures 1, 2,
and 3, of the annexed Drawing I have shewn this part of my In-
vention applied for the purpose of giving motion to the auxiliary
carriages g, and g¹, and carriers h, h, and h', h', to which the wires
k, k, and k, k, are attached. On the intermediate shaft bis fixed a
bevil wheel gearing into a similar wheel on the shaft m. On this
shaft are keyed two tappets, the one marked m giving motion to the
auxiliary carriage g by means of the lever o and connecting link p,
and the one marked n giving motion to the auxiliary carriage g¹ by
the lever o and link p. The levers o, and o¹, are hinged to the
stationary brackets q. q', and the levers are respectively furnished with.
anti-friction rollers, respectively marked 2, and 1, fitting freely into
the grooves in the tappets n, and n¹. Each of these anti-friction rollers
is capable of being drawn out of the groove in the tappet as soon as
the carriage with which it is in connection has been moved from or

page_text: S
towards the selvage of the fabric, and the anti-friction roller. remains
out of its groove in the tappet whilst the other anti-friction roller is
in the groove of its tappet, and is causing the carriage at the other side
of the loom to move towards or from the selvage of the fabric... In the
loom shewn in the Drawing the crank shaft a is supposed to, make.
four revolutions for one of the tappet shaft c, and two revolutions for one
of the intermediate shaft b, and shaft m; these proportions may; how
ever, be varied to suit the fabric that is being woven. Upon the shaft
care fixed. two tappets c', and c²; the former is for drawing the anti-
friction roller r, out of and pushing it into.the groove of the tappet n,
and the latter is for giving the same motions to the anti-friction roller
The tappets .c, and act on the levers and s¹, which vibrate on the
fulcrum stud s. To the lever s, is hinged. one end of the bar t, the other:
end of which is jointed to the lever u. . This lever is fixed on an upright;
shaft supported in the bush v; and on the same upright shaft is fixed the:
fork w. The anti friction roller r, shewn detached and on an enlarged:
scale in Fig. 6, is fixed upon the end of a rod which revolves in a
sliding tube which fits into a boss of the lever. o, and this tube-is
slidden to and fro by the lever a, which vibrates on a stud-fixed to the
lever o. The lower end of the lever, a, fits into the fork w, and the
upper end is furnished with a slot, through which passes, a.stud screwed
into the sliding tube in which the, rod of the anti-friction roller
revolves; the pieces marked t, u, v, w, and a, communicate in the,
same manner the motion from the tappet to the anti-friction roller
fixed upon a rod revolving in a sliding tube in a boss of the lever
o. By this means every revolution of the shaft c, is made to
draw the anti-friction rollers r, and, out of and again insert them
into the grooves of the tappets n, and . The mode of operation is
as follows: The anti-friction roller being supposed to be in the
groove of the tappet n', and all the wires k, k, and k³, k¹; to be in
the fabric, as the tappet revolves,, the lever, o!, is gradually moved
from the position it occupies, as shewn in Fig. 2, to the position,
indicated by the dotted line marked o, thereby drawing one of
the wires out of the fabric. During the time that this is being

page_text: effected the lay has struck home a shoot of the binding weft. The
wire k, which has just been withdrawn from the fabric, is then again
introduced into the open shed by the sliding back of the auxiliary.
carriage g', and immediately after the anti-friction roller ¹ is drawn
out of the groove in the tappet n by the lever a, and parts in com-
bination therewith acting. in like manner; as before described. The
lay then again strikes up a shoot of the binding weft, and during the
same time the anti-friction roller, which is now-shewn-out of the
groove in the tappet'n, is pushed into it by the tappet c', and, lever,
and the requisite motions are given for drawing one of the wires k,
out of the fabric, and again inserting it into the open shed, as before
described. When this is accomplished, the second-wire k¹is acted
upon in the same manner, and then the second wire k. These
operations succeed each other in the manner well understood by per-
sons conversant with looms such as herein-before referred to, and more
especially looms made with the improvements for which the said Letters-
Patent were granted to the said Alfred Vincent Newton in One thou-
sand eight hundred and fifty-two. The withdrawing of the anti-friction
rollers from the grooves of the tappets, after each .wire has been acted
upon in the manner described, I have adopted for the purpose of
enabling me to work the tappets n, and n', at a greater velocity, and
consequently to impart a more uniform motion to the carriages and
carriers with which the wires are in connection than can be obtained in
the usual mode of construction, the incline of the grooves in the said.
tappets being more gradual than when the tappets revolve slowly, and
the anti-friction rollers, remain at all times in the grooves of the
tappets.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the mode of
performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim
any of the parts of a loom shewn in the Drawing, except those herein-
after claimed; and that what I do claim is,-
Firstly, the application of stays and forked stays to a terry loom for
the purpose of steadying or supporting terry wires in the manner
herein-before described.

page_text: And, secondly, the compound cam or tappet and lever motion or
apparatus for communicating motion to the terry wires of a terry loom
or their carriages in manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Johnson, have, hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of April, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
.
JOHN JOHNSON. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named John Johnson in
the presence of
HENRY KENYON,
of Blackburn, a Commissioner to
administer Oaths in Chancery in
England.