Year: 1888

page_text: CommunicatiUR ITUM ORAZIO LUGO, Or New 1ork, United States of America,
Doctor of Medicine.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
M.I.M.E. do horeby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
samo is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to converting electrical energy into mechanical force and
producing electricity by motive power, and consists in actuating revoluble electro-
magnets with relation to fixed electro-magnets in such manner that one electro-magnèt
will form the complete armature of another several times during one revolution;
furthermore, in connecting one end of the coil of each fixed electro-magnet in multiple
are with like ends of the others of its series, dividing the other end and connecting
it with several segments of a fixed commutator having a revoluble brush, and con-
necting one end of the coil of each revoluble electro-magnet in multiple arc with like
ends of the others of its series dividing its opposite end and connecting this with
several segments of a revoluble commutator having a fixed brush; whereby only one
segment of each commutator is in contact with its connectors at one time, thus forming
a metallic circuit only through two electro-magnets (one stationary and one revolving)
at a time, and, when the electric current is passing through the helices of the two
electro-magnets, and their opposite poles are almost in front of each other, or entering
the stronger field-of-force, obtaining either motion from electricity, or by the application
of mechanical energy to the machine, generating a current.
--
In the accompanying drawings is illustrated one means of carrying the invention
into effect.
Fig. 1 is a view in side elevation of the machine employed.
T

page_text: from the coils of the stationary electro-magnets with several corresponding segments
of the commutator.
Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are views of the machine in vertical section as it appears after
removal of the commutator, brush, and cross-bar, each view showing a different
number of electro-magnet combinations.
Figs. 9 and 10 are diagrams illustrating theoretically connections of the combinations
represented in Figs. 6 and 7.
Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating the same of the combination represented in figs. 1,
2,8 and 8.
FF are stationary electro-magnets having elongated pole-pieces p p etc., fustened
to supports S S, of brass or other dinumagnetic metal, magnetically to insulate their
polar ends.
M M are revolving electro-magnets having elongated pole-picces p' fastened to
brass plates as fixed upon the shaft a to which is also fixed the revolving commutator C¹
the segments of which are insulated from the shaft a.
A A¹ are brass cross-bars forming bearings for the shift; C is a stationary com-
mutator fastened to the brass cross-bar A' and insulated from it and the shaft a. B is
the revolving brush, the arm of which is in metallic connection with the shaft a,
and 13 the stationary brush, the arm of which is insulated from the rest of the machine
but connected by wire to one pole of the battery when the machine is used as a
motor, insulated wires we te (coming through the shaft) connecting one end of the coils
of the revolving electro-magnets 3 with the revolving commutator-segments as shown
in diagram in figuro 4, and insulated wires connect one end of the coils of the
stationary electro-magnets F with the stationary commutator-segments as shown in
diagram at figure 5. R is a rheostat.
To describe the operation which takes place when the machine is used as a motor, I
will refer to figures 1, 4, 5, 8 und 11.
The current enters from battery b (figure 1) through wire e passes to stationary
brush B' revolving commutator-segment (figures 4 and 11) wire r coil of revolving
alectro-magnet M², brass plate 5, ŝhufi a, (figure 1) revolving brush B, stationary
commutator-segment, by wire w³, to coil of stationary electro-magnet, and out to the
other pole of the battery b.
In this way the armature will be moved 1-20th part of one revolution, and the
brushes will be placed in contact with, for example, commutator-segments 2 and 2
(figure 11); and the two pole-pieces pp', at each end of the electro-magnets F¹,
and M' opposite each other. Now the current enters at commutator segment 2, passes
to coil of electro-magnet M², to brass plates (where one end of each revolving coil is
connected in multiple are), shaft a, revolving brush B, stationary commutator-segment 2,
by wire to through the coil of stationary electro-magnet F, and out to the other polo
of the battery b. Thus the armature will be moved another 1-20th part of its
revolution, and the next movement will be effected by the polarization of electro-
magnets F, M; F, M, F', M'; F, M²; F, M²; and so on, making therefore
twenty separate polarizations or magnotic circuits in one revolution, by the operation,
obtaining power from electricity in the most economical manner, as the motor when
80 organized, receives the whole current only through two electro-magnets, at a limo,
out of the nine, composing the machine, thereby consuming a greater or less amount
of the current, according to the power tho motor exerts or to the speed at which it is
running, with a given electro-motive forco.
The machine can after be used as a motor when only tho stationary electro-magnets aro
acted upon by the current, the revolving electro-magnets serving then as a soft iron arma-
turo. The revolving electro-magnets may be polarized and the fixed not, or vice-versa;
but this manner of operating the motor is not economical, unless it is desired to vary the
power. The powor may be varied by introducing rheostat into the circuit as shown
at R, figure 1, by throwing a number of cells into and out of circuit, or in any woll
known manner.
In figuro 9 is shown in diagram, a combination of seven stationary, and four revolving

page_text: electro-magnets. It will be noticed that while the numbers of the revolving com-
mutator-segments are continuous up to the number of the revolving electro-magnets,
the numbers of the stationary commutator-segments are not; i.e., they pass every
next one, 1, 3, 5, 7, 2, 4, 6 and so on, as shown in section, figure 6. When the pole-
pieces 1 and 1 have made a "make," the next will be 3 and 2, the next 5 and 3 and
so on, so that 28 magnetic makes will be made during one revolution of the
armature.
"
"
Figures 7 and 10 represent another combination, in which the revolving armature
is composed of only three electro-magnets. In this case, while the polarization of the
electro-magnets is in the same direction, the rotating motion of the armature is in the
opposite direction. Thus when 1 and 1 have made "makes," 2 and 2 will be the next ;
so that while the polarization is against the hands of a watch, the armature moves in
the same direction thereof; but the movement of either may be reversed.
In figures 9, 10 and 11 are shown one end of each coil of the fixed electro-magnets
connected in multiple are and also one end of each coil of the revolving electro-
magnets similarly connected, the other ends of each coil being divided and connected
to several segments of their own commutator.
When the machine is to be used as an electrical generator the battery is dispensed
with and motion is applied to it in any well known manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :—
In an electric motor or dynamo machine, a series of stationary electro-magnets, a
sories of revolving electro-magnets, one having an uneven number, and the other an
even number, the two series being arranged concentrically and parallel with each other,
a stationary commutator to the segments of which, the coils of the fixed series are
connected at one end, a common or multiple arc connection for the other ends of the
coils of said series; a revolving brush for said commutator, a revolving commutator,
to the segments of which the coils of the revolving series are connected at one end, a
common connection for the other ends of the coils of said revolving series and a
stationary brush for said revolving commutator, whereby the current is directed
through the coils of one stationary and one revolving electro-magnet and the said
elociro-magnets form a closed magnetic circuit, this action taking place in proper
sequence, so that each stationary electro-magnet makes a close magnetic circuit with
cach revolving electro-magnet once during each revolution.