A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF COOLING MINES AND OF COOLING AND VENTILATING HOUSES, SHIPS, CHURCHES, FACTORIES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES, OR PLACES; APPLICABLE ALSO FOR ABATING HEAT, SMOKE, AND STEAM IN TUNNELS AND OTHER CONFINED PLACES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Joseph, of Treherbert, Pontypridd, in the
County of Glamorgan, Engineer, for the Invention of "A NEW OR
IMPROVED METHOD OF COOLING MINES AND OF COOLING AND VENTILATING
HOUSES, SHIPS, CHURCHES, FACTORIES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES, OR PLACES;
APPLICABLE ALSO FOR ABATING HEAT, SMOKE, AND STEAM IN TUNNELS AND
OTHER CONFINED PLACES."
Sealed the 24th January 1873, and dated the 12th August 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Joseph at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th August 1872.
I, THOMAS JOSEPH, of Treherbert, Pontypridd, in the County of
Glamorgan, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF COOLING MINES, AND OF COOLING AND
VENTILATING HOUSES, SHIPS, CHURCHES, FACTORIES, AND OTHER STructures or
PLACES; APPLICABLE ALSO FOR ABATING HEAT, SMOKE, AND STEAM IN TUNNELS AND
OTHER CONFINED Places," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is a new or improved method of cooling
mines, and of cooling and ventilating houses, ships, churches, factories,

page_text: and other structures or places, such method being applicable also for
abating heat, smoke, and steam in tunnels and other confined places.
For this purpose I employ compressed air which I discharge into the
structure, place, space, part, or thing to be cooled, ventilated, or acted
on according to my Invention. I accumulate a quantity of air under
suitable pressure in a convenient receiver, and discharge it through
proper passages and through rose jets or other suitable jets or orifices
or outlets, so that it exerts a cooling, purifying, ventilating, or other
required effect on the atmospheric, gascous, vapourous, or aeriforni
medium or matter into which the same is projected. This may be effected
by pumping air into one or more proper storage receivers, until the
desired pressure is obtained. This air thus compressed is allowed to flow
from the receiver into pipes furnished with stop-cocks, and is theuce dis-
charged through "rose" jets or other orifices into the structure or place
to be cooled, ventilated, or relieved of heat, steam, or smoke.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Joseph in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 12th February 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
JOSEPH, of Treherbert, Pontypridd, in the County of Glamorgan,
Engineer, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Thomas Joseph, Her special licence that
I, the said Thomas Joseph, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Thomas Joseph, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD
OF COOLING MINEs, and of CoolING AND VENTILATING Houses, SHIPS, CHURCHES,
FACTORIES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES OR PLACES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR ABATING HEAT,
SMOKE, AND STEAM IN TUNNELS AND OTHER CONFINED PLACES," upon the con-

page_text: dition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Joseph, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Joseph, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the sanic is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is a new or improved method of cooling
mines, and of cooling and ventilating houses, ships, churches, factories,
and other structures or places, such method being applicable also for
abating heat, smoke, and steam in tunnels and other confined places.
For this purpose I employ compressed air which I discharge into the
structure, place, space, part, or thing to be cooled, ventilated, or acted
on according to my Invention. I accumulate a quantity of air under
suitable pressure in a convenient receiver, and discharge it through
proper passages and through rose jets or other suitable jets or orifices
or outlets, so that it exerts a cooling, purifying, ventilating, or other
required effect on the atmospheric, gascous, vapourous, or acriform
medium or matter into which the same is projected. This may be
effected by pumping air into one or more proper storage receivers until
the desired pressure is obtained. This air thus compressed is allowed to
flow from the receiver or receivers into pipes furnished with stop-cocks,
and is thence discharged through "rose" jets or other orifices into the
structure or place to be cooled, ventilated, or relieved of heat, steam, or
smoke.
I now proceed to describe in what manner the Invention may be
carried into practical effect. I compress air by any known means of
compressing it, and store it in large reservoirs or chambers made of iron
or other suitable material like the reservoirs used for storing air when
employed as a motive power. Pressure gauges are fitted to these
reservoirs in order to indicate the pressure therein and cause as little
waste as possible.
Although I do not restrict myself to any particular pressure to which
the air is to be compressed yet I am of opinion that a pressure of from

page_text: thirty to forty pounds avoirdupois on the square inch in the reservoir
¨will be suitable and indeed ample.
When the Invention is applied to the cooling of the interior of mines
the reservoir is fixed down in the mine, but not far from what is known
to miners as the pit's eye or bottom of the shaft. The compressed air
is conveyed from the reservoir along the travelling roads and into the
entrance of the working places through wrought-iron pipes disposed
longitudinally and curved or formed with joints, junctions, or couplings
at the necessary parts. These pipes are laid upon a bed surface,
support, or foundation of turf or other like yielding or clastic material.
Orifices or perforations are formed in these pipes at any convenient
intervals or distances apart. These orifices or perforations may be pro-
vided with valves, stop-cocks, or moveable plugs, or rose spreaders, or
perforated shields so that the required quantity of cold compressed air
may be ejected or discharged from the pipes into the required part of the
mine, roadway, or working places.
When my Invention is applied to steam vessels and other floating
vessels, the reservoir or chamber for the compressed air is fixed in the
hold of the vessel or other convenient place, so as to suit the build and
arrangements of the vessel. Pipes lead from this reservoir and are so
placed and fitted as to convey therefrom the compressed air into the com-
partments, chambers, engine rooms, berths, boiler ranges, stoves, holds,
cabins, saloons, and other parts of or spaces in such vessel. Theso pipes
are formed with orifices or perforations provided or not with valves,
stop-cocks, removeable plugs or covers, rose spreaders or jets or per-
forated shields, in order that the compressed air may be discharged and
distributed or diffused at the required parts in order to obtain the
required degree of temperature.
When the Invention is applied to houses or other buildings or
structures on land, it is most convenient when possible to place the
reservoir and its machinery and appurtenances below the level of the
surface of the ground, excepting of course the conveying or delivery
pipes or conduits with their discharge or distributing appliances, as such
pipes or conduits must of course be carried to and disposed at the
required parts of the house, building, or structure. The pipes are to be;
laid throughout all the structures and places to be cooled or ventilated
through or along the walls, partitions, floors, and ceilings, in a manner
similar to that adopted for laying gas pipes and the discharge pipes or

page_text: jets are often conveniently so disposed as to enter or project into rooms
and closed places at about one-tenth of the height of such rooms
beneath the ceiling or the roof or top thereof; but I do not limit myself
to such or any other height.
The mode of applying the Invention to steamers or other vessels may
be also adopted for hospitals, law courts, factories, and other buildings
on land liable to become over-heated or inconveniently heated.
Rooms or other confined places into which compressed air is discharged
according to this Invention, should be provided with ventilators of any
ordinary and convenient construction fitted in the ceiling, cornices, or
other suitable part for the escape of hot impure air and for restoring the
atmosphere to its normal pressure.
The Invention may be applied to tunnels in the same manner as I
have described its application to mines, excepting that in some instances
it is advantageous to attach or dispose the longitudinal perforated pipes,
whereby the compressed air is distributed under the crown of the arch
or along the highest level within such tunnel.
In applying the Invention to railway and other carriages, especially
when used in hot climates, the seats or seat spaces are made hollow
down to the floor of the carriage so that they consist of or are fitted
with hollow chambers. Before the carriage is started these chambers
are charged with compressed air. One or more pipes of very small bore
or sectional area are carried up therefrom along the angles of the scat
backs, and open into a hollow or tubular perforated bar laid horizontally
across the carriage under the root to which it is fitted, and this bar
extends over the back of each row of seats, and the cold air escapes
sparingly therefrom.
The above explanations suffice for showing how the Invention may
be carried into effect for structures, places, and purposes other than
those mentioned.
I wish it to be understood that I do not claim any particular mode of
or apparatus for compressing air for the purposes of my Invention ;
neither do I restrict myself to any particular arrangement of apparatus
for carrying my Invention into effect.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the method
herein-before described of cooling and ventilating structures and places,

page_text: and of abating heat, smoke and steam, such method consisting of the
application of compressed air, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Joseph, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of February, in the year of our 5
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
D". ELLIS,
Rose Cottage,
Treherbert,
Glamorganshire.
THOMAS JOSEPH. (L.S.)