Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Stone.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 30th May, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 27th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 28th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Stone.
I, JAMES HARTNELL, of 43, Crwys Road, Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan,
Builder and Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to the inanufacture of an artificial stone, which is especially
applicable for use for fire-proof floorings, pavements, steps, stairs, mantlepieces.
headstones, channellings, and for other purposes where strength and durability are
required.
The ingredients used in the manufacture of my artificial stone consist of:-
(1) Crushed stone, preferably granite ;
(2) Gravel;
(3) Cement, and,
(4) A chemical solution.
The chemical solution aforesaid is made up of:
(a) Sugar of lead dissolved in water;
Alum, powdered, burnt, and dissolved in water;
Oil of vitriol;
Blue stone powdered and dissolved in water;
Common soda, burnt, and dissolved in water, and,
-
Water, sufficient to make the solution of the required fluidity.
The process of manufacturing my artificial stone is as follows:-I first thoroughly
mix together the crushed stone, gravel, and cement, in a dry and natural state.
This mixture is then wetted up with the chemical solution, the whole being
thoroughly mixed into a workable state, the superfluous moisture being gradually
"patted " to the surface. The mass so made is then divided as required and poured
into moulds or the like and allowed to set by standing for a sufficient time according
to the temperature and other influences.
D: 20 dox of Vin 1800
CASTLE SMITH,
"Invention" Office, 54, Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Stone.
I, JAMES HARTNELL, of 43, Crwys Road, Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan,
Builder and Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of an artificial stone, which is especially
applicable for use for breakwaters, dock and quay walls, fireproof floorings, pave-
ments, steps, stairs, mantlepieces, headstones, channellings, and for other purposes
where strength and durability are required.

page_text: The sugar of lead, alum, blue stone, and soda are immersed in 30 gallons of cold
water, and the oil of vitriol is then added, whereby the whole solution is thrown
into a state of violent ebullition by the chemical reactions which takes place. The
solution is allowed to stand out in the open until it has cooled down to its normal
temperature, when it is ready for use.
The process of manufacturing my artificial stone is as follows:-I first thoroughly
grind and mix together the crushed stone, gravel, and cement in a crushing mill.
The stone, gravel and cement are used in their ordinary dry commercial state, and
they are kept in the crushing mill until they have become thoroughly incorporated
with each other. They are then turned out, and the chemical solution is added in the
proportion of one gallon of the solution to 14 cwt. of the dry ingredients. The
latter are gradually wetted up" with the former, the whole being thoroughly
mixed into a workable state, the superfluous moisture being gradually patted to the
surface and the plastic or fluid mass so compounded is now ready for use as a pave-
ment, or for moulding as required.
*
When laying a pavement, I first excavate the ground to the depth of say 4 inches.
then lay a foundation of lime concrete. This is a well-known preparation and
forms no part of my invention. It is prepared from common stone refuse, such as
broken bricks, broken stones, broken pebbles, ashes, and the like and lime, the
proportions being 3 parts of refuse to one of lime. This lime cement is gradually
wetted up
"with water into a workable state and is then laid as a foundation to a
depth of say 2 inches, and is allowed to so remain for a day in order to dry and set,
and then my artificial stone pavement is carefully laid upon the foundation to the
remaining depth of 2 inches. A smooth surface is then obtained by means of
wooden hand patters, the whole of the work being subsequently levelled by the
combined use of a straight edge and level in the ordinary way. Like other cement
work, this artificial stone pavement should not be laid in frosty weather, or it will
be liable to "< peel." Given fairly dry weather the pavement may be used by foot
passengers the day after it is laid and for vehicular traffic after a week has elapsed.
Articles such as window-sills etc. made from iny artificial stone and which require

page_text: to be moulded, may be taken out of their respective moulds the day following that
of manufacture and are then trimmed with a hand trowel, and with fairly dry
weather they may be fixed in position at the expiration of a week.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1) The use in the manner and for the purposes mentioned of the various
ingredients used in the manufacture of an artificial stone prepared substantially as
hereinbefore described.
(2) The manufacture of an artificial stone from crushed stone, gravel, cement,
and a solution of sugar of lead, alum, blue stone, common soda, and oil of vitriol,
substantially as and for the purposes herein before set forth.
D1-
CASTLE SMITH,
Per F. W. Golby,
"Invention" Office, 54, Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.