IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL OR OTHER ARTICLES FROM GLASS, CLAY, TERRA COTTA, CEMENTS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES WHICH ADMIT OF BEING MOULDED INTO VARIOUS FORMS WHILE IN A PLASTIC STATE
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Raoul de Faucheux D'Humy, of 10, Southampton
Street, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL OR OTHER
ARTICLES FROM GLASS, CLAY, TERRA COTTA, CEMENTS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
WHICH ADMIT OF BEING MOULDED INTO VARIOUS FORMS WHILE IN A PLASTIC
STATE."
Scaled the 8th August 1876, and dated the 11th February 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paul Raoul de Faucheux
D'Humy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February
1876.
PAUL RAOUL DE FAUCHEUX D'HUMY, of 10, Southampton Street, High Hol
born, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF ORNAMENTAL OR OTHER ARTICLES FROM GLASS, CLAY, TERRA COTTA,
CEMENTS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES WIIICHI ADMIT OF BEING MOULDED INTO
VARIOUS FORMS WHILE IN A PLASTIC STATE."
12
My Invention has for its object-
Firstly. The rendering articles made of glass, clay, terra cotta, cements, and other
substances which admit of being moulded into various forms while in a plastic
state, free from the ordinary liability to breakage or disruption from accidental or
wilful treatment.
And, Secondly. The introduction of a flexible transparent and cheap material
into the manufacture of ornamental or other articles as a substitute for glass.
And the foregoing improvements I effect, firstly, by incorporating with the sub-
stances from which ornamental or other articles are made, and during the process
of manufacture metallic or other ductile or elastic material of suitable color and
form, and combining them with the substances before-named either mechanically or
while such substances are in a fusible or plastic, such combinations rendering
the articles so manufactured capable of withstanding the roughest usage without
disruption.
And under the second head of my improvements I introduce into the construction
of ornamental articles gelatine or similar material in suitable form and color as a
substitute for glass which I have hitherto employed exclusively for similar purposes

page_text: under my former Letters Patent, No. 1710, dated 8th May, 1875, whereby I have
been enabled greatly to reduce the cost of manufacture of such ornamental and
useful articles, and greatly to facilitate and simplify the manipulation thereof.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Paul Raoul de Faucheux D'Humy in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th August 1876.
PAUL RAOUL DE FAUCHEUX D'HUMY, of 10, Southampton Street, High Hol-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC-
born, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman.
TURE OF ORNAMENTAL OR OTHER ARTICLES FROM GLASS, CLAY, TERRA COTTA,
CEMENTS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES WHICH ADMIT OF BEING MOULDED INTO
VARIOUS FORMS WHILE IN A PLASTIC STATE."
In pursuance of my Invention I purpose to manufacture a variety of useful
objects for domestic and other purposes, and to adapt the same to architectural and
other ornamentation, and I effect these objects by many new and varied combina-
tions of glass, ceramic, and other suitable substances either singly or combined
agreeably to and in manner set forth and described in a Patent taken by me for
the same, and dated the 8th of May, 1875, No. 1710, and I further propose as
herein set forth to render such articles manufactured from the many substances I
employ, all of which substances admit of being moulded into any desired form while
in a plastic state, and which articles are thus rendered less liable to disruption or
breakage. The substances comprehended above are glass, clay, terra cotta, cements
of great variety and number, plaster of Paris, amalgams of such metals as will
when moulded solidify, all which I employ as objects of artistic construction. In
most instances articles manufactured of the before-named substances are generally
so fragile as to be always liable to fracture, and to prevent such disruption may
often prove of importance in articles of value.
The basis of my patented improvements consists in the incorporation with the
several materials herein enumerated of metallic or other ductile and tenacious sub-
stances in the shape of wires, straps, ribbons, sheets, or other suitable forms, which
by being inserted in the body of the material employed constitute stays, whereby
if the articles be accidentally cracked the fabric will not fall to pieces but retain
its form although it may be in such a cracked state.
Some of the substances made use of, which require to be inelted in order to form
the articles required (as for instance of glass), may be protected as described by
arranging fine metallic wires in the mould in the form of a coarse meshed gauze or
otherwise, and pouring thereon the fused material which will enclose the metallic
wires in its body. The casting so made may afterwards be allowed to cool in an
ordinary annealing furnace as usually employed for articles made of such materials.
Two or more tiers of wires may be used if desired. The number of wires or other
stays must be left to the discretion of the artist, it being dependent upon the use to
which the article is to be applied.
With respect to the application of this Invention to ceramic and other plastic
materials which do not require fusion, wire gauze or perforated metal as copper, lead,
or zinc may be used with advantage for the foundation of articles such as vases,
jugs, basins, cups, and the like, and these may be lined and externally coated with
the plastic material of which the articles are formed, the material impressing itself
into the perforations of the metal. Some of these articles require to undergo the
process of baking in order to consolidate them while others simply require drying
by exposure to a dessicating atmosphere. In the former cases if the heat be greater
than the fusible temperature of the metal foundation it is possible that it may melt
and ramify throughout the substance, without prejudice however to the protection
of the articles.
In manufacturing such articles as ceramic tiles or slabs of cement, bricks, or like

page_text: material metallic wires may be introduced. Articles such as vases, wine glasses,
and the like may be made by coiling a glass tube in which a metallic wire is in-
serted round a mandril of the required form, and fusing and fixing the junctions of
the same by means of a blow pipe as used in the ordinary process of manipulating
glass, or by any other suitable means. Such tubes may be of one color, colorless,
or composed of various colors in the direction of their length or otherwise so as to
give a diversity to the pattern of the article. This coil of tube may then be lined
with a smooth glass cup, and if desired be finished externally with a similar coating.
Bird cages and other ornamental articles may be manufactured to any desired
pattern by the aid of the blow pipe, the tubes composing the structure being pro-
tected in a similar manner by the insertion of a metallic wire which will become
intimately united with the glass in the process of construction. In plain, flat, or
straight work where heat is not required to form the pattern other tenacious sub-
stances as catgut, gutta percha, gelatine, and such like may be used, and it may be
sometimes found advantageous where sheets of the several materials are cimployed
to insert a thin layer of tale in the body, especially where glass is used.
It need scarcely be remarked that sheets of gutta percha or gelatine may be used
where the articles simply require drying, and are not necessarily subject to heat, an
adhesive cement or gum being used at discretion for effecting the union of the
parts.
I would remark that coal plates or other floor or wall plates may be produced by
this Invention in an economical manner by enclosing the wires in the body of the
glass.
With reference to the second part of my Invention, viz., the construction of
stained glass or ornamental windows, I propose to form any desired pattern in pieces
of colored glass, and to place the same upon a sheet of colorless glass or talc, as the
case may be, to which I fix it by a colorless cement.
In some cases I cover the pattern with a second sheet of glass, cementing the
whole together. It may not be necessary in all cases to cement the entire surfaces,
but simply the edges or lips of the pattern, but where permanent fixing is required
the same may be subjected to the fusing heat of a furnace by which the, whole will
become amalgamated, and dust effectually excluded; the cement inay be composed
of some one of the silicates which will fuse at the temperature employed. Sheets
of talc, where they can be procured of sufficient dimensions and free from stains,
may in many cases be used in lieu of glass, or the tale may be used as a protection
only.
For cheap and simple applications of the Invention I use colored gelatine for the
pattern instead of glass, which I fix to the sheet of colorless glass or tale by means
of a colorless gum or cement. A covering of a sheet of colorless glass or tale will
adinit of the object being washed without disturbing the pattern. Mosaic work or
designs of any kind in colored glass (tubular or otherwise) may thus be made very
durable either by permanently fixing it on a sheet of glass or tale with the silicato
or otherwise.
Where the design or pattern is formed by means of tubular glass the protecting
wires may be threaded through them where they do not assume too complicated a
form.
Having now described some of the various applications of my Invention, and
the modes of accomplishing the same, I would have it distinctly understood that I
do not claim any of the materials individually, my Invention having reference to
the especial use inade of the same, and to the particular treatment to which I sub-
ject thein, but what I distinctly claim is,-
Firstly. The use and application of inetallic or other tenacious or ductile sub-
stances as herein-before named as copper, iron, or other metals; catgut, gutta percha,
gelatine, talc, &c.; in the shape of sheets, straps, wires, or ribbons, or of other
suitable forins, in the manufacture of glass or other plastic materials capable of
being moulded into various useful and ornamental forms by which they are
rendered less liable to disruption or breakage.

page_text: Secondly. In the use of the above substances in the manufacture of colored glass
windows, in the manner described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Paul Raoul de Faucheux D'Humy have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
FAUCHEUX D'HUMY. (L.S.)