IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Egmont Websky, of Wustewaltersdorf, in the Kingdom
of Prussia, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING."-Partly a
communication.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Egmont Websky at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
June 1854.
I, EGMONT WEBSKY, of Wustewaltersdorf, in the Kingdom of. Prussia, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING"
to be as follows:-
The improvements in bleaching linen goods and linen yarns are as follows :-
The linen goods and linen yarns during the whole time of their being treated
with bleaching liquids are kept in continual motion by machinery. For this
purpose I employ a square box or vessel, formed in one direction by t two vertical,
and in the other by two inclined, sides. This box or vessel contains a double
bottom; the upper one is perforated with holes, underneath which there is a
system of pipes, for the purpose of heating the bleaching liquid contained in
the box. The box or vessel is divided into any number of compartments by
partitions, perforated with holes, each of which compartments has an endless
string of goods. Above the box or vessel is employed a reel and two squeezing
rollers to cach compartment. The goods are by means of the rollers taken out

page_text: of the bleaching liquid and squeezed, and by means of the reel the goods aro
carried back again into the liquid, by which a continual change is procured.
The squeezing rollers are grooved. The upper or pressure rollers which are
about half the diameter of the lower ones, have applied at their ends two
plates or cams, which work against similar ones, which are formed by a pro-
section of the roller bearings. By these means a sliding motion is given to
the pressure roller, by which the endless string of goods is not only moved
forward, but also its longitudinal folds are changed. The boiling of the goods
being finished, the bleaching liquid is run off from the box, and the box is
filled with warm water; the movement of the goods is then continued.
For bleaching linen yarns, I employ a machine consisting of a similar square
box or vessel, with two inclined sides and two vertical ones, having also a
double bottom, the upper ones being perforated, as explained; and there are
means of heating the bleaching liquid, as before mentioned. Above the vessel
there is an axis, having thercon two discs, to one of which there are several
rods fixed at right angles to the side, and the other disc has as many holes or
recesses in its side as there are rods, in order to receive the ends of such rods,
and thus to produce a reel; on to each of these rods hanks of yarns are sus-
pended. The lower part of the discs descend into the bleaching liquid in the
vessel; hence, when rotatory motion is communicated to the reel the hanks of
yarns will be alternately immersed in and raised out of the liquid; and for the
purpose of getting rid of the moisture in the yarns, I employ a reel with a
vertical axis carrying a series of discs or rings with vertical or suitable holding
pins and radial vertical boards. On the pins the banks of wet yarn are to be
placed, and, by centrifugal motion and the currents of air thrown off by the
radial vertical boards, the yarns are deprived of their moisture.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Egmont Websky in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EGMONT
WEBSKY, of Wustewaltersdorf, in the Kingdom of Prussia, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the

page_text: said Egmont Websky, Her special licence that I, the said Egmont Websky,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Egmont
Websky, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
5 term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING,"
(partly invented by myself and partly communicated to mc,) upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Egmont Websky, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Egmont Websky, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof (that is to say):-
The improvements in bleaching linen goods and linen yarns are as follows:-
The linen goods and linen yarns during the whole time of their being boiled
with bleaching liquids are kept in continual motion by machinery. For this
purpose I employ a square box or vessel (Plate 1, Figures 1, 2, and 5,) formed
in one direction by two vertical, and in the other by two inclined, sides, as
shewn. This box or vessel contains a double bottom; the upper one is per-
forated with holes, underneath which there is a system of pipes I, for the
purpose of heating the bleaching liquid contained in the box. The box or
vessel is divided into any number of compartments by partitions, perforated
with holes, each of which compartments has to contain an endless string of
goods tied or sewed together. Above the box or vessel is employed a reel a, and
the squeezing rollers p and q. The goods are by means of these rollers taken
out of the bleaching liquid and squeezed, and by means of the rcel, the goods
are carried back again into the liquid, by which a continual change of the
bleaching liquid in the goods is procured. The reel is shewn on an enlarged
scale at Figure 3, and the forms of the carrying boards b, c, d, e, (Figures 1.
and 2,) are shown at Figure 4. By means of the different curvature which is
given to these boards, the goods are not brought back in a heap but folded, as
is shewn in Figure 8.
The squeezing rollers, which are shewn at p and q, in Figures 1, 2, 6,, and in.
Figure 7, on a larger scale, are grooved; the upper or pressure roller, which is

page_text: of about half the diameter of the lower one, has applied at its ends two plates
or cams V, V, which work against similar ones, which are formed by a pro-
jection on the roller bearings. By these means a sliding motion is given to
the pressure roller, by which the endless string of goods is not only moved
forward, but also its longitudinal folds are changed. By the pulleys m and n,
Figure 6, motion is transmitted, to the machine from any motive power, and
by the pulley 1, the motion is by means of a belt further transmitted to the
reel a. The boiling of the goods being finished, the bleaching liquid is run
off from the box, which is then filled with warm water, and the movement of
the goods is continued.
For bleaching linen yarns, I employ a machine which is shewn in Plate II.,
consisting of a similar square box or vessel, with two inclined sides and two
vertical ones, having also a double bottom, the upper one being perforated, as
explained; and there are coils of pipe under the perforated bottom for heating
the bleaching liquid, as before mentioned. On the top of the vertical side boards
two bearings are fastened, in which a shaft w is made to revolve by means of
a pulley and strap. On the shaft w are fastened two discs, a and b, at about
nine inches from its outside circumference; the disc a is perforated with holes
of the same diameter as the staves d, d, on which the bundles of yarn to be
operated on are hung. In the disc b are drilled corresponding holes, but only
as deep as half the thickness of the disc. The staves with bundles of yarn
thereon are first placed through the holes of disc a, and then pushed back into
the holes in the disc b.
There is a third disc c, having holes corresponding to those in the disc a;
and while the staves are being inserted, the holes in the disc c are caused to
coincide with the holes in the disc a. Afterwards the disc a is turned partially
round and secured in its new position by a bolt f, and by this means the staves
are secured in their places. When to the shaft w a rotary motion is given,
the bundles of the yarn will take the position shewn in Figure 1, and will
squeeze the greater part of the liquid out of themselves by their own weight;
afterwards they are immersed again, and thus the bleaching liquid in the yarns
is continually changed. If the yarn is liable to become entangled, a pressure
roller k is employed, which keeps the yarns steady as it descends into the fluid.
After the boiling of the yarn has been finished, the bleaching liquid is run off,
and the box is filled with warm water, and the moving of the yarn is
continued.
And for the purpose of separating moisture from yarns, I employ a machine
shown at Figures 1, 2, and 3, Plate 3. On an upright wrought-iron shaft f
which is caused to revolve by bevilled friction pulleys, are fastened cast-iron

page_text: discs a, the upper surfaces of which are covered with wood, in which pins of
the same material are fastened, as is shewn at c, c, in Figure 1; on these pins
the bundles of yarn are hung (see g, g, Figure 2). On giving to the apparatus
a speed of six hundred to eight hundred revolutions per minute, the yarn will
assume the position shewn at f,f,f, Figure 2, and the moisture will fly off
laterally. For facilitating the drying of the yarns, boards b, b, are fastened to
the arms of the discs, which work like the blades of a fan, and force air against
and between the yarns.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the exact details described; but what I claim is, the arrangement of appa-
ratus above described for boiling linen goods and yarns with bleaching liquors.
And I also claim the arrangement of apparatus above described for sepa-
rating moisture from the yarns after the same have been treated with the
bleaching liquor.
In witness whereof, I, the said Egmont Websky, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Twenty-first day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand cight hundred and fifty-four.
Witnesses,
Elirenfried Fisther.
Gotthel Wank,
Guttfried Hechn.
EGMONT WEBSKY. (L.S.)