A MACHINE FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING SEEDS AND OTHER OLEAGINOUS SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXTRACTING THE OIL THEREFROM, WHICH MACHINE IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1827

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I, WILLIAM
BENECKE, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twentieth day of February, One thousand eight hundred
and twenty-seventh, in the eighth year of His reign, did, for Himself, His
heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said William Benecke,
His especial licence that I, the said William Benecke, my exors, admors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Benecke, my exors, admors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention of "A MACHINE FOR GRINDING
OR CRUSHING SEEDS AND OTHER OLEAGINOUS SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF
EXTRACTING THE OIL THEREFROM, WHICH MACHINE IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
USEFUL PURPOSES" (communicated to me by William Pescatore, a foreigner
residing at Luxemburg, in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, on whose behalf this
Patent is taken); in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging
me, the said William Benecke, by an instrument in writing under my
and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same
to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
hand

page_text: months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Benecke, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed, and
the following description thereof (that is to say) :-
The machine for effecting the above-mentioned objects is best made of metal,
and by preference of iron. It principally consists of a hollow cone firmly
secured and held in a vertical position in a proper frame, and having within
it teeth or projecting oblique scores (as they are technically termed), and the
exterior edges are also formed into teeth or notches. Into this hollow cone a
solid cone is fitted of a shape to correspond with the hollow cone, and like it
fitted with teeth or projecting oblique scores but in a reversed position, and
its edges are also toothed. The latter or solid cone has a rotary motion
communicated to its axis from any first moving power, such as steam, water,
wind, animal force, &c., and the solid cone is held or retained in a proper
situation within the hollow cone by means of an adjusting screw, a wedge, or
any other fit and proper contrivance, so as to crush and grind the oleaginous
or other materials introduced into cavities formed in the spaces between
the teeth from a supplying or feeding spout, pipe, or channel, made for the
purpose in the outer cone. After several revolutions of the rotary conc, the
substances to be ground come out of or are discharged from the exterior finely
divided gaps or notches made in the cones, and if they are oleaginous a
considerable quantity of oil will run out spontaneously on one side of the
machine, whilst on the other side of it the meal or flour from the seeds will
be discharged warm enough to be in a proper state to undergo the operation
of pressing without requiring to be heated over a fire, as usual, and, provided
that the press be powerful enough, the whole remainder of the oil will be
discharged at one pressing, and the meal or oil cake will not require any other
grinding, heating, or pressing. This constitutes the principal novelty of the
machine.
In the annexed Drawing I have clearly shewn a method of constructing
such a machine, which in most instances will be found to answer best,
although it may be varied according to localities or other circumstances.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the machine detached from the moving power.
The hollow or stationary cone A, mounted in a solid plate B, is supported in a
vertical position by means of wedges, &c., in a strong substantial frame, and

page_text: the solid or moveable cone C is so mounted as to fit it exactly in the following
manner:-Through a square hole in the centre of the cone C the horizontal
shaft or axis D, D, is passed and firmly secured. This shaft D has cylindrical:
necks or pivots formed upon it, one of which is shewn at E, where it passes
through and works in brasses fitted into the plummer blocks F, F, and it may.
be connected at its end d to the first mover by means of a coupling box or.
other proper joint. The cone C ought to make from six to nine revolutions
in one minute when the oily meal will fall out in front of the plate B and
may be collected for pressing in a vessel G, shewn by dotted lines placed
underneath the machine to receive it, and the oil which exudes from behind
the plate B may be also collected in another vessel H, also shewn by dotted.
lines. The revolving cone C may be pressed more or less into the hollow:
cone A by means of a regulating screw I, furnished with a ratchet wheel and
click to retain it in any required situation, and which said screw presses
against the end of the axis D. The frame is shewn as being divested of its
outside or enclosing plates, in order to exhibit the interior of the machine
more completely, the uprights L, L, L, and the horizontal bars M, M, M, &c.
being only shewn; neither are the feeding parts of the machine exhibited,
which consist of a kind of hopper N, shewn by dotted lines, placed upon the
top of the plate B, but which it is thought unnecessary to describe more fully
herein. Figure 2 is a front view of the hollow cone A and its square plate B,
shewn separately a, a, a, &c. The main teeth placed obliquely and descending
froin the wider towards the narrower part of the cone, they are spread out at
their bases, so as to have a sufficient hold. The machine is fed or supplied
with seeds, &c. through a hole and channel b, shewn by dotted lines, and its
opening at c. The seeds or other substances to be crushed or ground are
carried round in the channel c, e, and distributed in the recesses or cavities
f.f.f.&c., between the teeth, from whence they pass and undergo the direct
cutting, grinding, or crushing action of the teeth in the two cones. Some of
the teeth g, g, are also blunted or deprived of their cutting edges towards the
narrow part of the hollow cone, in order to afford more space for the introduc-
tion of the seeds, &c. The crushed or ground seeds, &c. are discharged at the
wider ends of the cones, and which, as before mentioned, are also cut into
teeth h, h, h, &c. for the better effecting that object, whilst part of the oil runs
out through the gaps or notches i, i, i, &c. which are formed between the
teeth, made in the narrower ends of the cones. k, k, k, k, in Fig. 2, are gaps
for adjusting the plate B. Fig.-3-is-a-front view of the solid-or-moveable
revolving cone C, the same-letters-referring to the similar parts of the teeth
and recesses as in Fig. 2. is the hole through which the axis or shaft

page_text: passes. Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the fixed hollow cone A; B, its plate,
and 6 the cavity for feeding it at, shewn by dotted lines. The teeth a, a, &c.
and recesses ff, f, &c. are also shewn, and the teeth h, h, and i, i, likewise.
Fig. 5 is an external side view of the solid or revolving cone C, with its teeth
and cavities marked, as before described. And Fig. 6 is a section through the
solid part of the revolving cone C, which is chiefly intended to shew the
groove j, j, made around it to correspond with the groove k, k, which is formed
in the hollow cone A, as is shewn in Fig. 4. D, the shaft or axis, and O a
wedge to secure the cone on the shaft. I is the adjusting screw and ratchet
wheel. Some of the other purposes to which this machine may also be
applied are the manufacture of chocolate, the grinding of mustard seed, tho
grinding of animal and vegetable charcoal and also sundry colours and drugs.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Benecke, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven.
WILLIAM (L.s.) BENECKE.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of August, in
the year of our Lord 1827, the aforesaid William Benecke came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twentieth day of August, in the year of our Lord Ono
thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven.