IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING AND DEODORISING SEA- WEED, AND IN PART APPLICABLE FOR DEODORISING VARIOUS ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Charles Cortis Stanford, of Glasgow, in
the County of Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING AND DEODORISING SEA-
WEED, AND IN PART APPLICABLE FOR DEODORISING VARIOUS ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 7th January 1873, and dated the 13th July 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Charles Cortis
Stanford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 13th July 1872.
I, EDWARD CHARLES CORTIS STANFORD, of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING AND
DEODORIBING SEAWEED, AND IN PART APPLICABLE FOR DEODORISING VARIOUS ANIMAL
AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has principally for its object the saving and utilisation
of the large quantities of seaweed thrown upon our shores every winter,
and which has hitherto been allowed to rot and waste away from the
difficulty of preserving it. This seaweed is valuable as a source of iodine
and for manurial purposes, but if left untreated, either on the shore or

page_text: under cover, rapidly becomes valueless, besides producing extremely
offensive exhalations whilst rotting.
The Invention comprises the use of a chemical substance for treating
the seaweed, which is also advantageously applicable as a general
deodoriser, or in other words for preventing or rendering innocuous the
offensive exhalations which various animal and vegetable substances are
liable to evolve."
The Invention consists, according to one modification, in treating the
seaweed with, in ordinary cases, from 1 to 5 per centum of calcium
chloride, sodium chloride, or other chloride. It is preferred to use the
first-named chloride, and to apply it in the dry state by sprinkling it on
successive layers of the seaweed. The salt acts as a drier and keeps the
seaweed fresh, so that the seaweed can be stored with the least possible
labor during the winter, and be kept until it can be conveniently carted
away in the summer.
By another modification similar results are obtained by mixing the
fresh seaweed with about half its weight of seaweed charcoal, and with
or without the salt, as in the first modification. Fresh seaweed may be
mixed in at intervals until its weight reaches about ten times that of the
charcoal.
The mixture, made according to either the first or second modifi-
cation, is, by preference, utilised by being carbonised in the manner
described in the Specification of Letters Patent obtained by the present
applicant, and dated 4 June 1861 (No. 1411).
For general deodorising purposes the calcium chloride herein-before
referred to has combined with it a slight excess of chlorhydric acid, and
is used in the liquid or dissolved state like other liquid deodorisers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Edward Charles Cortis Stanford in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 11th January 1873.
3
'TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
CHARLES CORTIS STANFORD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of July; in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Charles Cortis Stanford, Her
special licence that I, the said Edward Charles Cortis Stanford, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edward Charles Cortis Stanford, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING. AND
DEODORISING SEAWEED, AND IN PART APPLICABLE FOR DEODORISING VARIOUS ANIMAL“
AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Edward Charles Cortis Stanford, executors or administrators,.
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands.
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the.
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and,
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent. Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.

page_text: offensive exhalations which various animal and vegetable substances are
liable to evolve.
My said Invention consists, according to one modification, in treating
the seaweed with in ordinary cases from 1 to 5 per centum by weight
of calcium chloride, sodium chloride, or other chloride. I prefer to use
the first-named chloride, and to apply it in the dry state by sprinkling
it on successive layers of the seaweed. One reason for preferring the
calcium chloride is that it is calculated to remove sulphates from
solution when afterwards lixiviating the char or kelp, and to improve
the quality of the residual charcoal by converting a portion of the calcium 1
carbonate into calcium sulphate. The salt, applied as described, acts as
a drier and keeps the seaweed fresh, so that the seaweed can be stored
under cover with the least possible labor during the winter, and be kept
until it can be conveniently carted away in the summer.
By another modification I obtain similar results by mixing the fresh 1
seaweed with about half its weight of seaweed charcoal, and with or
without the salt, as in the first modification. Fresh seaweed may be
mixed in at intervals until its weight reaches about ten times that of the
charcoal.
The mixture made according to either the first or second modification 2
is, by preference, utilised by being carbonised in the manner described
in the Specification of Letters Patent obtained by me, and dated 4 June
1861 (No. 1411), it may, however, be burned into kelp or used as
manure.
For general deodorising purposes, I combine with calcium chloride a 2
slight excess of chlorhydric acid, and use it in the liquid or dissolved state
like other liquid deodorisers. It forms a particularly suitable and
effective deodorant for urinals.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I have to state that what I claim as secured 3
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1. The preserving and deodorising of fresh seaweed by applying a
chloride to it, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before
described.
2. The preserving and deodorising of fresh seaweed by mixing seaweed 3
charcoal with it, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before

page_text: 3. The deodorising of animal and vegetable substances by applying
calcium chloride, having a slight excess of acid, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Charles Cortis Stanford,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
EDW. C. C. STANFORD. (L.S.)