IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS, PARASCLS, AND SUNSHADES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Henry Chatwin, of No. 37, Gresham
Street, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS.
Sealed the 8th March 1870, and dated the 22nd September 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Henry Chatwin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd September 1869.
I, GEORGE HENRY CHATWIN, of No. 37, Gresham Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS, PARASCLS, AND SUNSHADES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
umbrellas, parasols, and sunshades. In order to prevent the joints by
which the stretchers are connected with the runner from cutting or
wearing the silk or covering of the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade I
apply to the runner a guard of vulcanized india-rubber; this guard is.

page_text: made to embrace the runner tightly, and the portion which so fits the
runner has a flange of larger diameter and of a cup-like form upon it,
which envelopes the joints between the runner and the ribs, and yet
from the flexible nature of the material in which it is made, it yields to
allow of the free action of the joints. A similar guard I employ as a
tip cap, in this case the guard to embrace and is fixed to the stick of
the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade just beyond the tips of the ribs,
and these are retained, when desired, by turning over the flange or cup-
like part of the guard upon them, or when it is desired to open the
umbrella the ribs are easily set free by turning back the flange or cup.
A similar guard I also employ to protect the silk or covering from wear
around the point of the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade, that is to say,
immediately around the top notch, in this case the guard is sprung upon
the stick at a short distance from the ferrule, and is pinned or otherwise
fixed to the stick in such a position that its flange or cup-like part
projects over the silk or covering, which it thus protects, but from its
flexible nature the guard will not interfere with the free action of the
joints connecting the ribs with the top notch.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Henry Chatwin in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st March 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HENRY CHATWIN, of No. 37, Gresham Street, in the City of London,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Henry Chatwin, Her special
licence that I, the said George Henry Chatwin, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Henry Chatwin,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,

page_text: the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Henry Chatwin, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Henry Chatwin, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacturo
of umbrellas, parasols, and sunshades. In order to prevent the joints
by which the stretchers are connected with the runner from cutting or
wearing the silk or covering of the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade I
apply to the runner a guard of vulcanized india-rubber; this guard is
made to embrace the runner tightly, and the portion which so fits the
runner has a flange of large diameter and of a cup-like form upon it
which envelopes the joints between the runner and the ribs, and yet
from the flexible nature of the material of which it is made, it yields
to allow of the free action of the joints. A similar guard I employ as
a tip cap, in this case the guard is made to embrace and is fixed to the
stick of the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade, just beyond the tips of the
ribs, and these are retained, when desired, by turning over the flange or
cup-like part of the guard upon them, or when it is desired to open the
umbrella the ribs are easily set free by turning back the flange or cup.
A similar guard I also employ to protect the silk or covering from wear
around the point of the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade, that is to say,
immediately around the top notch.
The annexed Drawings shew parts of an umbrella with vulcanized
india-rubber guards applied to it in the several ways herein-before set
forth.
Figure 1 shows in side view one of the guards separately; Figure 2 is
a plan of the same; Figure 3 is a sectional view showing the applica-
tion of the india-rubber guard to the runner of an umbrella to prevent
the joints connecting the stretchers with the runner from wearing the

page_text: silk or other covering. a is a portion of the stick; b, the runner; c, c,
parts of the stretchers; d, the india-rubber guard; e, the spring catch;
the covering of the umbrella is not shewn.
Figure 4 is a side view of the upper part of an umbrella. The india-
rubber guard is shown applied thereto as a tip cap, the covering of the
umbrella is not shown. a is the stick, 6 the ribs, and c the india-rubber
guard or tip cap; it is represented in section.
Figure 5 shows a section of a portion of an umbrella, and illustrates
the application of an india-rubber guard to the top notch to protect the
silk or other covering from wear by the joints connecting the ribs with
the top notch. In this Figure a is a portion of the stick with its
ferrule a¹; b is the top notch fixed upon it; c, c, are portions of the ribs;
d is the india rubber guard; e is the silk or other covering, it is indicated
by a red line; fis a metal ring pinned to the stick over the guard d, and
the covering e, and securing them in their places. The guard may be
applied over the silk or covering in place of between the top notch and
the covering, as the Drawing shows, but I prefer the latter method.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Henry Chatwin, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy.