matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TWO-WHEEL VELOCIPEDES AND OTHER CONVEYANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Griffith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1869.
I, ROBERT GRIFFITH, of Aberdeen Park Road, Highbury Grange,
in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TWO-WHEEL VELOCIPEDES AND OTHER CONVEYANCES," to be as
follows:-
The hind wheel is constructed with two rims, each connected to the
box or nave by its separate set of spokes, and the rims to be kept, say,
two inches asunder or thereabouts only to form a sufficient base for the
velocipede to balance itself and stand erect both whilst still and in
motion; whereas the ordinary two-wheel velocipede does not so balance
itself, but requires to be held up or be put to lean against something
when still, and in motion a considerable portion of the rider's strength
and attention are required to balance the machine, while mine, being

page_text: possessed of the above balancing power, gives the rider all his strength
and attention for locomotion.
I shall also apply my Invention of the balancing double-rimed wheel
to various other conveyances, such as barrows, traps, and other similar
vehicles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TAKING UP, CARRYING, AND LAYING SHEETS OF PAPER DELIVERED BY A PAPER-CUTTING OR OTHER MACHINE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macwilliam Macintosh at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd December 1869.
I, JOHN MACWILLIAM MACINTOSH, in the Employment of Messieurs
Simpson and Company, of Grosvenor Road, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TAKING UP, CARRYING, AND LAYING SHEETS
OF PAPER DELIVERED BY A PAPER-CUTTING OR OTHER MACHINE," to be as
follows:-
The main object of my Invention is to provide means of more readily
taking up, carrying, and laying in pile sheets of paper delivered by a
paper-cutting machine, and the Invention consists in the employment
for that purpose of a vacuum, as herein-after described.
A tube formed with a slot or slots has reciprocating motion imparted
to it by means of a rod connected with the cutting machine or other-
wise. At one end of the travel of the tube its slotted portion comes in
contact with the sheet or sheets of paper about to be cut by the cutting
machine and at the other end of its travel the tube passes over a table

page_text: or platform. The tube is in connection with an air pump or exhausting
apparatus which produces a vacuum therein, and is provided with a self-
acting cock or valve which opens communication with the air pump
when the tube comes in contact with the paper, sheet, or sheets, so that
the sheet or sheets as cut is or are taken up and carried off; when the
tube with the sheet or sheets has passed or nearly passed over the table
the cock or valve closes the communication with the pump, so that
the sheet or sheets being no longer drawn by the vacuum become laid
upon the table. The cock is opened and closed at the proper times
preferably by coming against projections on the frame.
If desired the tube may have a rotary motion imparted to it instead of
a reciprocating motion as herein-before described.
The Invention may also be applied to taking up, carrying, and laying
sheets of paper delivered by a printing machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Best at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June
1869.
I, THOMAS BEST, of Faunce Street, Kennington Park, in the County
of Surrey, Land Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VELOCIPEDES," to
be as follows:-
Firstly. I construct the wheels of velocipedes so as to give to each
wheel, made according to my Invention, two distinct rolling surfaces
in order to obtain increased stability. I effect this object by fixing a
number of spokes of the wheel inclining to one side, while the remainder
of the spokes incline to the opposite side of the perpendicular of the
axle, by these means I obtain space between the extreme ends of the
spokes, and to each set of inclined spokes I affix a separate set of felloes
and tires, or any equivalent, so as to constitute an entire hoop. I thus
obtain a wheel having two distinct hoops or rolling surfaces with a
space between them, which will materially lessen the tendency of the

page_text: velocipede to fall over on its side, and thereby effect greater security to
the rider.
Secondly. I construct one or more pedals, which I affix to the axle or
axles, or to the framework of the velocipede to act as brakes or sledges,
to be pressed when desired upon the ground, and which pedals will by
means of levers or other suitable appliances rise when not acted upon by
the foot, so as to keep clear of the road upon which the velocipede may
be propelled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLAYING CARDS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Willats at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th October
1869.
İ, JAMES WILLATS, of Kingsland Road, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PLAYING CARDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements applicable to playing cards,
and consists in embellishing or decorating them with illustrations,
devices, figures, and other decorations.
I propose to lithograph or otherwise to apply to the back or front of
the cards, marginal notes, devices, figures, or illustrations, the backs
having in most cases central devices thereon chiefly in illuminated and
colored impressions, for which purpose the process of chromo-lithography
will be found especially applicable. By these means an illuminated
trade mark or a sign or device may be the subject of illustration.
In some cases I propose to apply photographic pictures, views, or
portraits to the cards. For this purpose the photographs should be taken
thin paper albumenized, and they may then be caused to adhere to

page_text: the cards by the ordinary adhesive solutions, an ornamental border being
lithographed around the photograph if desired. The marginal notes
would of course be very suitable to the faces of the cards; and the backs
could be entirely embellished with illustrative designs and words of
description.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DOFFING, CONVEYING, AND COLLECTING THE SLIVER OF THE CARDING ENGINE, AND A MOTION FOR STOPPING THE FEEDING AND DELIVERING ROLLERS SIMULTANEOUSLY IN CARDING ENGINES WHEN THE FLEECE IS BROKEN OR PARTIALLY 80
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tatham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
May 1869.
I, WILLIAM TATHAM, of Vulcan Iron Works, Rochdale, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR DOFFING, CONVEYING, AND COLLECTING THE SLIVER OF THE
CARDING ENGINE, AND A MOTION FOR STOPPING THE FEEDING AND DELIVERING
ROLLERS SIMULTANEOUSLY IN CARDING ENGINES WHEN THE FLEECE IS BROKEN OR
PARTIALLY 80," to be as follows:-
In the present practice of doffing the sliver, in whatever manner
separated from the cylinder to which it is attached, whether by an
oscillating or revolving apparatus, is conveyed at the rate and in the
bulk in which it is taken off, being drawn forward by rollers and con-
densed by passing through a trumpet mouthed funnel before entering
them, or is wound upon a lap drum or dropped into a box. Instead
of this by my first improvement I place a fan revolving at a moderate
velocity directly over the doffer or other cylinder, of the width of the
cylinder, and blow the material from it in a dispersed condition, and
collect it either as and for the purpose stated in the Provisional Specifi-
cation of a Patent for which protection was granted to me on the Eighth

page_text: day of January One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, Number
57, or I blow it against a travelling creeper moving at such rate as to
be thereby conveyed in sliver form to delivering rollers in the usual
manner.
My second improvement consists in applying the well known stop
motion in any of its forms, so that when the fleece supplied to the
carding engine becomes broken, or is partially so broken, a roller or a
series of drop rollers lying upon the fleece will fall, and by withdrawing
a clutch or similar instrument cause the motion conveyed to the feed
and delivery rollers simultaneously to cense, so that the material carried
through the carding engine may in no case be attenuated.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING THE EXERCISE OR RIDING OF BICYCLES OR VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
August 1869.
I, JOHN BROWN, of Padiham, in the County of Lancaster, Overlooker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OF AND APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING THE EXERCISE OR RIDING OF
BICYCLES OR VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:→
The object of this Invention is to provide a means of acquiring the
necessary practice or motions to propel such vehicles without danger
or injury to the rider. This I effect by the use of a circular "race" or
course of wood, and lay thereon "strips" or grooved rails. Two bicycles
are secured together parallel to each other, leaving sufficient room or
space between them for the free movements of the riders, and the inner
line or circle of. strips is at a lower level than the outer one, so as to
ensure the vehicles continuing on the race or course.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS METERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Nathan Defries at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th July 1869.
I, DANIEL NATHAN DEFRIES, of the Metropolitan Works, Euston
Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS METERS," to be as:
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in gas meters.
Dry gas meters as at present constructed register. inaccurately, and
vary in their indications according to the changes in the pressure of
the gas supplied to them. They are also frequently exposed to undue
pressures, by which their diaphragms are strained, and the meter is thus.
permanently injured.
Now according to my Invention I cause the gas in its passage from.
the inlet of the meter to the measuring compartments to pass a valve
which is controlled by a flexible diaphragm or other surface exposed to
the pressure of the gas. The valve opens by its own weight, or it may
be by a supplemental weight or spring, and it is connected to the flexible

page_text: diaphragm or surface in such manner that the pressure of the gas on
the said diaphragm or surface tends to lift the valve towards its seat,
and so reduces the size of the passage for the gas in proportion to the
increase of pressure. By this arrangement the meter is caused to register
under the same pressure whatever may be the variations of the pressure
in the supply pipe. Great accuracy and durability is thus attained, and
the burners in connection with the meter will be very regularly supplied
with gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING AND DISTRIBUTING DISINFECTANTS TO CLOSETS AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Holt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1869.
I, THOMAS HOLT, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR SUPPLYING AND DISTRIBUTING DISINFECTANTS TO CLOSETS AND SIMILAR
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to closets, privies, or other necessaries in which
a tub is used for receiving the ejected matters, and also to those without
a tub, and consists in improved modes of distributing disinfecting
substances upon the said ejected matters.
One of my disinfectants consists of fine ashes mixed with any well
known efficient disinfecting powder, and this compound is placed in a
hopper or box at the back of the seat, and at the bottom of the hopper
there is a circular brush having at the front an elastic plate or board,
and when the brush is turned the disinfectant is spread over and upon
the ejected matter in the tub or in the open privy.
In another arrangement I use a slide or valve in a box below the seat
at the bottom of the hopper, and to the box is fixed a shoot or spreader.

page_text: In the box there is an aperture above the valve and another aperture
leading to the shoot, and the valve is worked by a lever or by lifting the
cover of the seat. When the slide is open the disinfectant falls through
the aperture of the valve and fills the valve space and no more, and
when the valve is moved it pushes the disinfectant through the aperture
upon the shoot, which is shaken by a vibrating lever and spreads it upon
the ejected matters. In this arrangement the movement of the lever
or seat moves the valve the required distance, and there is no possibility
of more powder being used than the valve space will allow.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR PREPARING FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER FIBRES, AND CONVERTING THE SAME INTO SLIVERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with, his Petition, on the
2nd July 1869. - A communication from abroad by Henry
Lawrence, senior, James Lawrence, William Lawrence, Seabury
Lawrence, George Washington Lawrence, and Henry Lawrence,
junior, comprising the Firm of Henry Lawrence and Sons, of the
City and State of New York, United States of America, and John
Good, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, aforesaid.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
POR PREPARING FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER FIBRES, AND CONVERTING THE SAME
INTO SLIVERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in devices for preparing
flax, hemp, and other fibres, and forming them into slivers.
In carrying out this operation two endless chains of vertical heckling
needles are used for combing the fibres and laying them parallel ready
for being drawn and condensed into a sliver. These chains of heckling

page_text: needles are arranged horizontally one behind the other and they move in
the same direction, but with different velocities. The needle bars are
provided with crank arms which carry guide pins that enter fixed guides
at the sides of the machine, and thus the verticality of the needles is
maintained while they are in action. The object of this arrangement
is that the needles shall recede from the material in the same position in
which they carry the same. The fibre to be operated upon is fed to the
first set or series of needles or chain combs to which a slow traverse
motion is given by means of a pair of feed rolls. From these combs or
needles as they pass round the end tension roller the fibre is taken by
the second and more rapidly traversing set of combs or needles, which
comb and spread the fibres and carry them forward to a sliver guide.
On reaching this guide the fibres are stripped off the traversing combs
by a fixed comb, and they then pass into the sliver guide, which con-
denses them and delivers them in the form of a sliver to callendering or
condensing rollers. After passing between the bite of these rollers the
now condensed sliver is passed through a second guide, and is delivered
out of the machine by a pair of nipping rollers. By these means the
sliver is formed directly from the raw fibre with the aid of one machine
and its attendant.
Ix- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' SKYLIGHTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Burko at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
January 1869.
I, MICHAEL BURKE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' SKYLIGHTS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in so constructing the top
sashes or frames of ships' skylights that they are capable of a double
action, that is to say, each sash or frame is free to be raised or opened
in the ordinary way for ventilation, and in addition is free to be moved
outwards and downwards, so as to leave the space usually covered by
it perfectly open, and thereby admit freer ventilation when required, as
is the case in warm climates. For this purpose I employ two levers
for cach sash, one at each lateral end thereof. These levers are
connected at their upper ends to the ridge or longitudinal top rail of
the skylight by a joint or hinge, and at their lower ends to the
lxottom of the sash by another joint. When a sash is raised in the
usual way motion takes place on the joints at or near the ridge or top

page_text: rail, but when the space is to be left free motion takes place on the
lower joints, the sash being as aforesaid moved outwards and downwards,
and in this latter case it rests close to the side of the skylight.
The second part consists in constructing ships' skylights with
strong shuttles of metal or other material to protect the ordinary
glazed sashes, and also to cover them in should they get broken.
Shuttles, two are preferred, one at each side, are connected by double
knuckle hinges or other joints to the sides of the skylight. These
can be closed over the glazed frame and fastened at will; when open
they lie close against the vertical or other sides out of the way.
The third part has for its object to allow one entire half of a ships'
skylight to be removed, and thereby admit of parts of the engine or
other articles being passed therethrough. For this purpose the ridge
or top rail is made of two longitudinal pieces. By simply undoing the
pins, screws, or other fastenings the entire half can be removed.
The parts above designated second and third are more particularly
serviceable for engine room skylights in steam ships. The whole of
my improvements, however, can be applied to skylights generally; they
can also be applied to skylights at present in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Stivens Cocker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th September 1869.
I, FREDERICK STIVENS COCKER, of Kingsland, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in the application to velocipedes generally,
or to those to be specially constructed for the purpose, of a moveable
lever or levers carrying an adjustable saddle or seat intended for the
rider acting in combination with another lever or other levers attached
to the axle or axles of the velocipede or carriage, which is cranked with
one or more cranks fitted for the purpose. Also in the addition of
stirrups attached to and intended for working levers also acting in
combination with the said or other cranked axle; the object of these
improvements being that the weight of the body may be utilized, and
made by its ascending and descending motion to work or assist in
working the velocipede, the motion of the person propelling the
velocipede or carriage being similar to that used in riding, the act of
rising in the stirrups and the falling in the saddle causing the velocipede
or carriage to be propelled with much less labor, and possibly at greater

page_text: speed than hitherto obtained. The improvements may be conveniently
carried into effect by making the various parts duly proportioned of
metal, or of metal and wood combined, and the rising and falling lever
or levers carrying the saddle or seat may be attached at one end to the
frame or tree of the velocipede in any convenient manner, the other end
of such lever working up and down in a suitable guide also attached
to the frame or tree aforesaid, and formed for the purpose of receiving
it, and being furnished with convenient stops or stop to prevent the
rising and falling lever working out of or over the guide, the rod or
rods connecting the cranked axle to the end of the rising and falling
lever may be slotted at either or both ends; the seat or saddle may be
made adjustable and to move along the rising and falling lever. The
stirrups may be slung on rods or levers acting on the cranked axle,
and may also be made adjustable and to move along such rods or
levers so as to suit the convenience of the party propelling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR COMMUNICATING AND SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by James Adams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1869.
I, JAMES ADAMS, of 9, Arlington Street, Sadlers' Wells, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR COMMUNICATING AND
SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS,"
to be as follows:-
To
In communicating or signalling between the different carriages I avail
myself of the air generated by the progress of the train to produce an
audible signal by ringing of an alarum or bell in the guard's van.
carry this into effect I place upon the roof of each carriage a length of
chain hooked together between each carriage, forming a continuous
chain from end to end of the train, and connected to an alarum bell in
the guard's van and also upon the tender of the engine; I then mount
upon the roof of each carriage a box or channel eighteen inches long
containing a fan wheel or screw blades with a flanged drum or pulley
outside the box or channel and connected to the fan wheel or screw
blades inside, and fastened to this pulley is a length of chain which is

page_text: hooked into the continuous chain. The fan wheel or screw blades are
protected from the current of air by means of a door or valve at each end
of the box or channel, one closing the ingress of the air to the fan wheel
or screw blades, and the other the escape. The valves or doors are con-
nected to a handle in each compartment of the carriage, which handle
when turned opens both doors or valves, and releases a semaphore,
which strikes a detonating cap and lights a blue light; air rushes
through the box or channel and gives a rotary motion to the fan wheels
or screw blades and to the flange pulley outside, which immediately
draws the chain tight and rings the bell or alarum in the guard's van.
The guard can then draw the chain back, which will give the alarum to
the driver of the engine.
The boxes or channels can be either fixed on the roof, underneath, or
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING OR PURIFYING OILS AND FATS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Townsend, Manufacturing Chemist, and
Peter Forbes, Analytical Chemist, both of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REFINING OR PURIFYING OILS AND FATS."
Sealed, the 23rd July 1869, and dated the 2nd March 1869...
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Townsend and
Peter Forbes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd March 1869...
We, JOSEPH TOWNSEND, Manufacturing Chemist, and PETER FORBES,.
Analytical Chemist, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN REFINING OR PURIFYING OILS AND FATS," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the refining or purifying of oils and
fats in a simple and economical manner, and in particular the removing

page_text: of the objectionable color and smell ordinarily accompanying - crude
or partially refined oils and fats, and which greatly lower their com-
mercial value; and it consists mainly in subjecting the oil or fat to
a moderate temperature so as to expel the odorous constituents, the
oil being previously treated first with acid, and then with alkali or
alkaline earth. The various crude or partially refined oils and fats
being very different in quality and character will require the proportions
of the acid and alkali, and the details and durations of the parts of
the process to be determined in each case by trial; but in applying the
Invention to crude paraffine oil, for example, the following treatment
will give good results:-One part by weight of strong commercial
sulphuric acid is added to twenty parts of the crude oil, and the mixture
is well agitated and then allowed to settle. The clear oil is then drawn
off and there is added to it as much potash or soda as will neutralise
or nearly neutralise the acid, excess of alkali being avoided. The
mixture is well agitated and the clear oil is afterwards drawn off and is
heated to a temperature not exceeding 212 degrees Fahrenheit, and
maintained at that until it is considered that the expelling of the odorous
constituents has been sufficiently effected. The heat is kept as low
as will satisfactorily expel the odorous constituents. The heating may
be effected in any convenient open or partially closed vessel, and may
be applied by any convenient means such as an open fire or steam or
hot water pipes or jackets, or by blowing steam, heated air, or any
suitable heated gas into the oil. The oil may be treated with animal
charcoal either before, whilst, or after being heated. The action of
the acid or alkali may be rendered more effective by the aid of heat,
and when this is done a separate heating may in some cases be
When acting on a fat it must be kept in a liquid state by
means of heat. In some cases it will be advantageous to repeat the
series of processes or some of them.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING LIQUIDS IN A STATE OF SPRAY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Falck at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1869. A communication from abroad by the Company or
Society Du Rafraichesseur, of Paris, France.
Ì, ERNEST FALCK, of Cheapside, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
DISTRIBUTING LIQUIDS IN A STATE OF SPRAY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an apparatus for distributing aromatic liquids
or perfumes in a state of spray in order to disinfect and purify rooms
and other places, and is constructed principally for employment in
hospitals, saloons, and other buildings.
I propose to construct a vessel in the shape of a vase or urn, provided
with a cover which can be hermetically closed. The top of the cover
is provided with an opening by which the aromatic or disinfecting liquid
or perfume can be poured in, the aperture being closed by a close-fitting
stopper. Around the vessel just below the cover is a series of projecting
tubes. Inside the vessel a series of other tubes are fitted; these spring
from near the centre of the bottom of the vessel, and lead upwards and
into the necks of the projecting tubes. A tube, larger in diameter than

page_text: the two series of tubes, rises up through the liquid to near the top of the
vessel where it is bent over so as to direct the current of air downwards
upon the surface of the liquid. The lower end of this tube passes
through the bottom of the vessel, where it is connected by a flexible pipe
with a compressible ball or other shaped receiver, provided with a mouth
piece or not.
The action is as follows:-The vessel being partly filled with the
required liquid a pressure of air through the central tube is caused to
impinge upon the surface of the same; this causes the liquid to flow up
the tubes which lead to the necks of the projecting tubes. The pressure
of the air being kept up, it escapes from the projecting tubes meeting
on its way the liquid as it issues from the mouths of the inner tubes;
here the liquid becomes broken up into small particles or into spray
and is distributed.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN KNOBS AND SPINDLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
August 1869.
I, WILLIAM WRIGHT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN KNOBS AND SPINDLES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention refers to the better securing of knobs for doors,
drawers, and other like uses upon their spindles, and it consists in
attaching to the spindle either at one or both ends thereof small flat
steel springs so placed that they may easily engage in a rack or tooth
formed upon or placed in the bush or mount of one of the knobs. The
knobs are pierced with an aperture through the neck and out through
the head or face of the knob, at which point the aperture is countersunk
to receive a tapped or female screw, which may be finished with an
ornamental rose or other head. The spindle is screwed at both
extremities, and when inserted through the knob from the neck the
flat spring engaging in any one of the rack teeth of the bush or mount
in the knob so fitted, and the screwed end passing into the counter-
sinking on the face of the knob, the female screw is secured to the

page_text: spindle, and thus the parts are held firmly together and easily adjusted
to any thickness of door for porcelain, glass, or composition knobs. This
mode of securing them avoids all chance of their working loose upon the
spindles as the small screw upon the neck of the knob is dispensed with.
To release the knobs and spindle for removal it is merely requisite to
take off the female screw or rose head from the knob which has no rack
in the bush or mount, when that knob can readily be drawn off over the
spring, thus freeing the spindle from the lock and allowing the other
knob if necessary to be drawn off along the length of the spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLD-BACKS FOR CARRIAGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Halliwell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1869. A communication from abroad by John A. Mackinnon and
Alexander B. Halliwell, of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States of
America.
I, JOHN HALLIWELL, of Halifax, in the County of York, Dentist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HOLD-BACKS FOR CARRIAGES," a communication to me from abroad by
John A. Mackinnon and Alexander B. Halliwell, of Cleveland, Ohio, in
the United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel device or construction of "hold-
back" to be applied to the "thills" or shafts of road carriages to attach
the breeching of the harness to for enabling the horse or other animal to
hold back the carriage when descending a hill, and is also so constructed
as to be self-detaching when the draw straps are disconnected and the
horse required to leave the carriage, and it consists of a hoop or clip of
any suitable metal having a hook formed thereon and a tongue hinged
thereto so as to close the opening, also of a yoke or loop to take into the

page_text: hook, having two short fingers or levers so arranged that one will hold
the tongue in position to close the opening of the hook when the horse
is holding back, and the other lever will press upon the tongue to make
an opening when the loop is drawn forward, and will thus allow it to
leave or be detached from the hook.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Thomas Blake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1869.
I, FRANCIS THOMAS BLAKE, of Boulogne, in the Empire of France,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of obtaining motive power by the aid
of gravitating weights, and consists in the combination with a series
of gravitating weights sliding along arms or radial guides in a rotatory
wheel or disc mounted on a shaft of a stationary guiding surface which
acts upon the said weights in such a manner as to move outwards from
the centre of the said revolving wheel or disc a sufficient number of the
sliding weights to overcome, the counteracting gravity and leverage of
the remaining weights, which latter are simultaneously moved inwards
towards the centre again by another portion of the same guiding surface,
whereby a continuous rotatory motion of the wheel or disc is obtained,

page_text: which may be applied to various useful purposes as a motive-power
engine. By adjusting or turning slightly the stationary disc containing
the guiding surface the machine may be either stopped or caused to
rotate in either direction required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Hanton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
February 1869.
I, DAVID HANTON, of Lunan, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PLOUGES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in ploughs, consists in
uniting together the beams, frames, or bars to which the plough bodies
are fastened by parallel links, so that as in a parallel motion when the
beams are moved in directions parallel to each other they approach to or
recede from each other, therefore by so moving the beams, frames, or
bars the distance between the furrows is regulated.
A screw, rack, lever, or other means for moving the parallel beams,
frames, or bars is employed.
The guide wheel is attached to a frame coupled to the front bar of the

page_text: parallel motion, and it is fixed upon a vertical or inclined shaft so
that it may swivel in any direction in which the plough is guided or
drawn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE COLLARS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bristow Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May
1869. A communication from abroad by Laurant Cogent, of Paris,
in the Empire of France.
I, BRISTOW HUNT, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE COLLARS," (a communication to
me from abroad by Laurant Cogent, of Paris, in the Empire of France,)
to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in dividing the collar as hereafter
described into two parts, so arranged as to be extended or contracted
at will in length or breadth according to the size or conformation of
the neck and shoulders of the horse.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents the improved
collar closed; Figure 2 shews the same opened; Figure 3 represents
the hinge tackle for the lower part of the collar; Figures 4, 5, represent
the locking mechanism for the top of the same; Figure 6 represents

page_text: the mechanism for increasing or decreasing the length of the collar.
Figures 7, 8, 9, are details of the same.
The frame of the collar is formed of strong light wood in two
parts a, b, one of which (a) extends over the right side of the neck
and the vertebra of the horse, below which point it meets with and
is jointed to the left-hand section b. To the bottom of this frame is
adjusted (independently of the ordinary fittings) the hinge tackle A,
provided with the milled nuts c, c, by which the opening of the collar
may be widened or contracted at will. B, Figures 4, 5, represents
the locking mechanism, the collar being closed by turning the rein
ring or key d to the vertical position, and opened by turning it cross-
wise.
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, represent the details of the arrangement for
lengthening or shortening the collar, which is effected by turning to
right or left, as the case may be, the right hand ring e, Figs. 1, 2. The
points of contact of the collar with the neck and shoulder of the horse
are padded in the usual manner, the vertebra being protected by a
caoutchouc cushion maintained in position by an adjustable leather.
If so desired the locking and lengthening mechanism, Figures 4, 6,
may be replaced by a simple strap, so arranged as to close the collar
and permit of its being lengthened at will.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND FLYERS USED IN THE SPINNING AND PREPARING OF FLAX, Tow, HEMP, JUTE, WORSTED, WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hattersley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
November 1869.
I, THOMAS HATTERSLEY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Spindle
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND FLYERS USED IN THE SPINNING AND PREPARING
OF FLAX, Tow, HEMP, JUTE, WORSTED, WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of a new mode of fixing the flyer upon the
spindle by means of an excentric internal projection in the head of the
flyer made to fit into a corresponding excentric neck on the top of the
spindle instead of by means of a screw or any of the other methods now
used for the purpose. The form of this excentric fastener is such that
the flyer locks itself upon the top of the spindle by a slight turn either
to the right or left hand so that the same spindle and flyer can be used
for right-hand as well as left-hand twist.
There are other advantages of my Invention which are applicable to
spinning and preparing machinery generally. These are that the flyer

page_text: can be taken off the spindle and replaced at doffing times much more
quickly than by screw or other means now in use, and that the great
loss and inconvenience caused by the rapid wearing away of the threads
of the spindles will be obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNTAIN PENS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th April 1869.-A communication from abroad by Edouard
Ribeyre and Jonas Elias Gedalge, junior, both of 13 Boulevart St.
Martin, Paris.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNTAIN PENS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved reservoir or fountain pen in
which the ink is contained in a tube of india-rubber or other elastic or
flexible material. This tube is filled by doubling and squeezing it together
so as to eject the air, the ink in which it is dipped being at once taken
up by reason of the vacuum thus produced. This ink tube is enclosed
in the case constituting the pen holder. The ink is supplied to the pen
in the desired amount by means of a part which is acted on by the
finger for the purpose of compressing the india-rubber tube and so
discharging the ink therefrom. The ink in the tube being compressed

page_text: as above mentioned is supplied a drop at a time through a small hole
which is opened or closed by a screw plug. The ink is retained in the
concave of the pen as usual assisted by a part herein-after described.
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, Figure 1
of which shows an elevation of the improved fountain penholder
complete; Figure 2 is a similar view with the holder removed; Figure 3
shows the ink tube detached; Figures 4, 5, and 6 show details, and
Figure 7 a section of the fountain pen complete. The reference letters
apply to all the Figures.
a, metal or other tube or holder screwed or otherwise attached to the
part c, which latter is provided with an opening d, in which is fitted a
finger piece e to be depressed so as to compress the ink tube 6 for
supplying the ink to the pen; f, screw for regulating the supply of ink
escaping through orifice h mounted in a stem g; i, part for maintaining
a supply of ink to the pen j; k, covering tube forming a guard when
the pen is not in use.
The parts being arranged as described the flexible tube 6 is first filled
with ink by doubling it together so as to expel the air and then dipping
the end at which is the orifice h into a supply of ink, the latter rising
and filling the tube b. It will be observed that the tube 6 is not
squeezed after the orifice h has been dipped in the ink. The screw f
serves to regulate the supply of ink to the pen ; by opening or closing
the orifice more or less. Instead of using a screw fa needle or point
may be employed for closing orifice h, and having a spring action for
the purpose of holding it in the desired position, according to the amount
of ink required to pass through.
To facilitate the flow while writing the finger may press on part c so
as to force a drop of ink from the flexible tube into the hollow of the
pen between it and the part i. The tube 6 is fixed as seen to the
part c of the holder, admission for the ink being had at orifice h.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SELF-COUPLER FOR RAILWAY ENGINES, CARRIAGES, AND WAGGONS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Carrodus at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
March 1869.
I, THOMAS CARRODUS, of Keighley, in the County of York, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED SELF-COUPLER FOR RAILWAY ENGINES, CARRIAGES, AND
WAGGONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a self-acting tumbler or drop catch or latch
applied to each end of such carriages, and of a catch bar or latch plate
also applied to each end of the said carriages side by side with the catch
or latch, and so placed that the catch or latch on one carriage will take
into the catch bar or latch plate on another carriage when two carriages
are brought together, thus effecting a double coupling or connecting of
two carriages. In order to uncouple or disconnect two carriages so
coupled a crank bar is placed across each end of the said carriages, such

page_text: crank bars having a hand lever on each end outside of the framework,
by operating two of which adjoining levers the cranks will lift the
catches or latches out of connection with the catch bars or latch plates,
and thereby disconnect the said carriages.
AN IMPROVED VIOE SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HOLDING PIECES OF METAL INTENDED TO BE PLANED ON PLANING MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George May Harris at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd June 1869,
I, GEORGE MAY HARRIS, of Quay Street Ironworks, Gloucester, in the
City of Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED VIOE SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HOLDING PIECES OF METAL
INTENDED TO BE PLANED ON PLANING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved tool or implement for holding.
work firm and steady whilst it is being planed on a planing machine,.
and consists in constructing a vice with two movable jaws mounted on
a long rectangular shaped skeleton plate or casting formed with two
long broad racks with square teeth. One of the jaws of the vice at its
under side is formed similar to the aforesaid racks into which it is
intended to fit, and the said jaw is provided with a bolt and nut and
clamp for fixing it in position. The other jaw of the vice is formed
plain or smooth at its under side so as to be capable of being moved over
the teeth of the aforesaid racks on which it rests, and is fixed by a bolt
and nut and clamp. The plate of the vice is formed with an upright

page_text: cross piece, through which are passed two screws, one near each end of
the aforesaid cross piece; the points of these screws are intended to press
against the last-mentioned jaw of the vice, and in this manner and
by these means work that is not parallel may be securely held
between the jaws of the vice by reason of one jaw being capable of
adjustment horizontally.
The above improved vice may be affixed by its plate to the bed plate.
of a planing machine by screwed bolts passed through slot holes and
Bcrewed nuts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INFANTS AND INVALIDS FREDING BOTTLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reuben Phelps, George Phelps,
and Charles William Phelps at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th February 1869..
We, REUBEN PHELPS, and GEORGE PHELPS, and CHARLES WILLIAM
PHELPS, all of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Jewellers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
INFANTS AND INVALIDS FREDING BOTTLES," to be as follows:-
In the said feeding bottles as ordinarily constructed great ineon-
venience frequently arises from the want of means of regulating
the quantity of milk or other liquid food passing through the elastic
tube of the bottle, or of closing the said tube. The absence of means of
closing the said tube or regulating the flow of the liquid food often
results in the choking of the infant or invalid, or in the loss of a portion
of the said food.
Our Invention consists in applying to the said elastic tube of the said
feeding bottles a clamping or regulating apparatus whereby the elastic
tube may be compressed and wholly or partially closed at pleasure, and
the quantity of liquid capable of passing through it in a given time
thereby regulated, or the passage of liquid altogether prevented. The

page_text: clamping or regulating apparatus which we prefer to employ consists of
a frame through which the elastic tube is passed. A screw passes
through one end of the frame, and carries at its lower end a plate and at
its upper end a nut or head. By turning the said screw by means of
its nut or head the elastic tube is compressed more or less between the
bottom of the frame and the plate at the bottom of the screw, and the
passage of liquid through that part is more or less obstructed. We do
not however limit ourselves to the precise arrangement described of the
parts of the clamping or regulating apparatus. The clamping or
regulating apparatus may be used for completely closing the elastic tube,
and thereby preventing the child from drawing air after all the milk or
liquid food has been withdrawn.
A NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING THE ESSENCE OF ROASTED COFFEE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Alexander Campbell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th August 1869.
I, EDMUND ALEXANDER CAMPBELL, of Bilton Road, Rugby, War
wickshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING THE ESSENCE OF ROASTED
COFFEE," to be as follows:-
This coffee essence extractor consists of a steam-tight vessel the size
& shape of an ordinary coffee pot, with an inside cylinder, the top of
which is connected with a metal tube which comes through a screw
at the top part of the machine. Inside this cylinder at the top is fixed
a perforated strainer, which prevents the coffee from coming up the
pipe. The bottom is fitted with a loose cap having a perforated bottom,
which takes off to admit the ground coffee and to enable it to be
removed after use. A safety valve is provided and a cap to receive the
essence. Supposed to be the only coffee essence extractor out for public
use.
Directions for Use.-Unscrew the brass top, fill the brass vessel two-
thirds with cold water; take off cap at bottom of small cylinder and

page_text: fill it with ground coffee; replace the cap and screw the cylinder tightly
down; put on fire and leave the extractor to do its own work without
any further attention.
The extractor though of such simple construction is self-acting
throughout, & even goes to the length of bottling unattended its own
essence. When the water boils the essence will begin to drop from the
pipe into the cup or bottle.