IMPROVEMENTS IN CALICO AND LINEN PRINTING
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Dale and Alfred Paraf, of the City of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CALICO AND LINEN PRINTING."
Sealed the 17th November 1865, and dated the 24th May 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Dale and Alfred
Paraf at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 24th May 1865.
We, JOHN DALE and ALFRED PARAF, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CALICO AND LINEN PRINTING," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in producing a green by the combined use of
ferrocyanides and salts of protoxide of chromium, and we obtain the result
desired by printing on linen or calico the following mixture:-Forty parts of
ferrocyanide of potash, or equivalent quantity of ferrocyanide of other base
mixed with eight parts of a salt of oxide of chromium, by preference, chrome
alum; this mixture after printing is steamed in the ordinary way as used in
steam printing, and afterwards aged when the green is produced..
5
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent; filed
by the said John Dale and Alfred Paraf in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd November 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
DALE and ALFRED PARAF, of the City of Manchester,. in the County of
Lancaster, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said John Dale and Alfred Paraf, Her special license that we,
the said John Dale and Alfred Paraf, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said John Dale and Alfred Paraf, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man; an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CALICO AND
LINEN PRINTING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John
Dale and Alfred Paraf, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Dale and Alfred Paraf, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say):-
Our Invention consists in producing green colors by printing upon cotton
or linen cloth a combination of any ferrocyanide salt and a salt of protoxide
of chromium. The salt of any ferrocyanide will do, but 'we find a great
advantage in using the ferrocyanides of ammonia. We prepare these salts by
decomposing by hydro-fluosilic acid the ferrocyanide of potash. We filter
for separating the fiuosilicate of potash from the diluted ferrocyanidric acid,
which we saturate with ammonia. The salts of chromium, which we find
advantage in using, are, first, the chloride of chromium, which we prepare by
dissolving the oxyde of chromium in muriatic acid; secondly, the chrome
alum. This second salt gives a more fast green than the chloride, but the
chloride gives a better shade. We mix also with our colors ferrocyanide of
tin, which salt produces all gradations of green, from the dark green, nearly
black, to the light water green. The combination of the ferrocyanide salts
and salts of chromium thickened with starch is printed along with any other
Steam color, and when steamed the green will be produced.
We obtain these desired results by printing on linen or calico the following

page_text: mixture-Forty parts of ferrocyanide of potash, thirty parts of ferrocyanide
of ammonia, or any similar base, which has more tendency to set free the
ferrocyanidric acid than the salts of potash, mixed with eight parts of chrome
alum if a very fast shade is wanted, or twelve parts of chloride or nitrate of
chromium if a less fast and more beautiful shade is required. This is thickened
with starch according to the darkness of shade wanted, printed, steamed about
half an hour, and washed or slightly passed through a solution of bichromate
of potash. By adding to our starch thickening from ten to twenty per cent.
of ferrocyanide of tin we can reduce the dark color to any extent.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be understood
that we claim,-
First, the preparation of ferrocyanide of ammonia by decomposing the
ferrocyanide of potash with hydrofluosilicic acid, and saturating the filtred
liquor of the fluosilicate of potash with ammonia.
Secondly, the combination of those salts of ferrocyanide of ammonia, or
other bases with a salt of oxyde of chromium, chrome alum, chloride of
chrome, or similar salts for the production of green colors upon cotton or
linen by steaming.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Paraf, for and on behalf of
myself and the said John Dale, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-first day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Alfred Paraf, in the
presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
ALFRED PARAF. (L.S.)