IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS OR CUTTERS FOR SHAPING WOOD
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Cook, senior, of the Firm of William Cook and
Sons, Manufacturers of Edge and other Tools, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS OR
CUTTERS FOR SHAPING WOOD."
Sealed the 28th March 1877, and dated the 7th October 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Cook at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October 1876.
WILLIAM COOK, senior, of the Firm of William Cook and Sons, Manufacturers of
Edge and other Tools, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TOOLS OR CUTTERS FOR SHAPING WOOD."
This Invention relates to tools or cutters for shaping mouldings and other curved
or ornamental forms in wood, for grooving and feathering the edges of flooring or
other boards, for shaping wooden bobbins, and generally for any analogous wood-
shaping operations.
The improved tools intended for mouldings and the like are adapted for being
fixed to rotating cutter heads, such as are employed in wood-moulding machines.
In such tools as heretofore made a shape corresponding to that of the intended
moulding has been given to the bevilled edge of the tool, and whenever such a tool
has to be resharpened great skill and care are required to grind or reduce the curved
or shaped bevilled surface in such a way as not to alter the shape.
By the present Invention the tool or cutter is shaped so as in cross section to
present an outline on one or both sides corresponding to the intended moulding, and
such as to give the proper configuration to the cutting edge when a flat bevil is
formed on the tool by grinding. With the improved form of tool the grinding or
sharpening is as easily done as upon a common chisel, a flat bevel having simply to
be formed at the proper angle.
By the present Invention single tools are used for grooving and for feathering
board edges, the grooving tool being formed with a rib along one side and the
feathering tool with a groove, whilst a simple flat bevil is all that has to be
formed in sharpening or grinding either tool, just as with the improved moulding
tools.
In the case of wooden bobbins or spools a single tool is by this Invention used

page_text: for shaping the barrel and the inner bevilled faces of the end flanges. The upper
side of this tool is shaped to correspond to the form of the bobbin, and it is sharpened
or ground with three flat bevils, one under the middle part and one vertically at
each side. In this case the bobbin rotates in a lathe, the tool being on a slide rest
in an equivalent manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Cook in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th April 1877.
WILLIAM COOK, senior, of the Firm of William Cook & Sons, Manufacturers of
"IM-
Edge and other Tools, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
PROVEMENTS IN TOOLS OR CUTTERS FOR SHAPING WOOD."
My said Invention relates to tools or cutters for shaping mouldings and other
curved or ornamental forms in wood, for grooving and feathering the edges of
flooring or other boards, and generally for any analogous wood-shaping operations
in which the cutters revolve whilst the wood is moved rectilineally past the cutters.
My improved tools intended for mouldings and the like are adapted for being
fixed to the rotating cutter heads usually employed in wood-moulding machines.
In such tools as heretofore commonly made a shape corresponding to that of tho
intended moulding has been given to the bevilled edge of the tool, and whenever
such tool has to be resharpened great skill and care are required to grind or
reduce the curved or shaped bevilled surface in such a way as not to alter the
shape.
By my present Invention each tool or cutter is formed out of a straight bar of
steel, which bar is shaped by rolling, so as in cross section to present an outline on
one or both sides corresponding to the intended moulding, and such as to give the
proper configuration to the cutting edge when a flat or other simply-shaped bevil is
formed on the tool by grinding. With my improved form of tool the grinding or
sharpening is as easily done as upon a common chisel, as only a flat or other simply-
shaped bevil has to be formed at the proper angle.
By my Invention single tools are used for grooving and for feathering the edges
of flooring or other boards, the grooving tool being made out of a bar rolled with a
rib along one side and the feathering tool out of a bar rolled with a groove, whilst
a simple flat bevil is all that has to be formed in sharpening or grinding either tool,
just as with my improved moulding tools.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood I hereunto append a Sheet of explanatory Drawings,
to be herein-after referred to, and representing examples of my improved tools or
cutters for shaping wood. In these Drawings the same reference letters are used to
mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
Figures 1 to 10 represent a number of my improved tools or cutters as shaped for
producing mouldings of forms in common use. It must however be understood that
tools or cutters for various other forms and sizes can be made in the same way. In
each example a face view F of the shaped side of the cutters is shown, also a cross
section C of the rolled bar out of which the cutter is made, and also a side view S.
The flat bevil B formed in sharpening or grinding each cutter is shown in the side
view S, and is indicated by a dotted line in the face view F, in which latter is also
shown the elongated hole H for the screw bolt or bolts by which the tool is fixed
on the rotating cutter head.
In some cases, as in Figures 3, 5, 6, the bar has to be made broader than the
intended moulding, so as to contain the slotted part for fixing the tool by, and in
Buch cases the extra width is removed at and near the cutting end. The bevil B
may be formed square across the tool or with more or less deviation from square-
ness, as may in practice be found most suitable for each different shape of moulding.

page_text: In general the tools should be fixed with their flat sides on the rotating cutter
heads, but in some cases it is found better to fix them with the shaped side against
the heads.
The tools shown in the Drawings are suitable for the ordinary square rotating
cutter heads, with which the tools have an inclination of about 45 degrees of the
circle to the wood when cutting; they may however if preferred or found desirable
in any cases be shaped or adapted for cutting at any other angle. When made for
cutting in the ordinary way at an inclination of 45 degrees of the circle the cross
section C of the tool has a shape which is a counterpart of that produced on the
wood.
Figures 11 and 12 represent the modifications of my improved tools adapted for
grooving and feathering. The grooving tool, Figure 11, is formed from a bar rolled
with a rib R for forming the groove, but this rib is cut away, excepting at and near
the cutting edge. In a similar way the feathering tool, Figure 12, is made from a
bar rolled with a groove G along its middle. When it is wished to give the feather
a slightly dovetailed form the bar is first rolled, as shown at A, with a concave back,
and is afterwards flattened, so as to bring the corners of the groove slightly closer.
In my Provisional Specification relative hereto I described a single tool to be used
in turning bobbins, but as I have now reason to doubt the novelty of such a tool I
do not make any claim respecting it.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I have to state that what I believe to be novel and original and
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,
1. The making of tools or cutters for the rotating cutter heads of moulding or
similar wood-shaping machines out of straight bars rolled or formed of shapes
suitable for giving the required cutting edges when sharpened or ground with a flat
or other simply-shaped bevil, as herein-before described.
2. The making of single tools or cutters for grooving and for feathering in the
improved manner herein-before described, and more particularly with reference to
Figures 11 and 12 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Cook, senior, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
WILLIAM COOK, SN. (LS.)