AN IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING AIR AND OTHER FOR DOMESTIC AND MANUFACTURING PURPOSES, AND OF EMPLOYING THEREIN IMPROVED FIRE PLACES AND BRICKS
Year: 1813

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENFORD
DEACON, of Cross Street, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Thirteenth day of
March, in the fifty-third year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the
said Benford Deacon, His especial licence, that I, the said Benford Deacon,
during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING AIR AND
OTHER FOR DOMESTIC AND MANUFACTURING PURPOSES, AND OF EMPLOYING THEREIN
IMPROVED FIRE PLACES AND BRICKS;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso obliging me, the said Benford Deacon, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, relation being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Benford Deacon, do hereby declare that my said Invention is for warming

page_text: or heating air by making use of the waste heat arising from manufacturing or
domestic fires; for the heating of water or air to be used for the purpose of
warming rooms or drying goods, &c., forcing it thro' metalic or highly
glazed pottery or glass tubes laid in hot water, horse dung, bark, or any fer-
menting ingredient; and for cooling air by forcing it through these tubes
laid or placed in earth, cold water, or between ice; and for making and using
improved fire places for heating water for the said purpose, agreeable to the
Plans and Drawings herewith described; also for making and using peculiar
formed tubical bricks for conveying the warm or cold air to any distance,
which bricks are described by Drawings herewith; and, lastly, for making and
using my new-invented euolians and moving machine for forcing air thro'
these tubes and bricks into rooms, houses, churches, and buildings of every
description for domestic and manufacturing purposes, which euolians and moving
machine are described by Drawings herewith annexed, that is to say:-
Fig. 1 are a sett of tubes, the turnings in which are nearly at right angles.
Fig. 2, 3, & 4 are the backs, cheeks, and hobs of a common fire place of any
metal and dimensions; these forming the back, one, or both sides of the fire
place, having their hobs hollow and opening into the main. The whole will
form a boiler for heating a quantity of water (without any extra fuel), for the
tubes to lie in, thro' which tubes the air is to be forced. Fig. 5 is a fire place
(for a common boiler) with an eliptic or arched top, and having its barrs
hollow. These barrs are closed at the door end, but open into and form a
part of the boiler at the end opposite to the door, as is shewn at A, Fig. 6.
This fire place has a flange compleatly round it, as at b, b, b, b, by which
flanges it will be firmly screwed to the bottom and front of the boiler. Fig. 7
shews the bottom, and Fig. 8 the front parts of the boiler, corresponding to
the fire place. The flue or chimney is constructed as Fig. 9, going straight
forward, or as Fig. 10, immediately crossing the end, or as Fig. 11, making a
return right and left, either of these according to local circumstances. By these
improved constructions a small quantity of fuel will keep a large quantity of
water hot (in which the tubes are placed) for 24 hours. Fig. 12 is a vessel
of any form, to fit a corner, a pier, or any place in a hall, staircase, &c. This
vessel forms a reservoir of water, and is fitted up with a set of tubes, and is
surrounded by or stands in one of same form, only about one inch larger,
which will leave a space all round it. It will be kept hot by a common hall
lamp, &c., placed at the bottom as at C, Fig. 12. The outer case has an
opening as at D, to admit the flame of the lamp to act on the bottom of the
inner vessel while the heat and smoke will encompass it and pass between the
two towards the aperture E, by which they will pass out thro' the wall; thus a

page_text: hall, staircase, &c. &c. will be lighted and warmed at the same time. Figs.
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 are bricks, which when laid will form tubes
for the conveying air up chimneys from the kitchen-fire boiler to the attics, &c.,
in walls or along flues, &c.; Figs. 21 and 22 shew these bricks laid for.
chimnies, &c.; Figs. 23 and 24. for a wall, &c. Fig. 25 is the elevation of
my new-invented euolians for forcing air. They are made of wood, iron, &c.,
according to the dryness or dampness of the place they are to work in. The
dimensions also will vary according to the purpose intended to accomplished,
being capable of propelling some thousands square feet of air every minute *
by the labour of one man only.. This euolian, Fig. 25, works the whole circle,
excepting the division for the ingress and egress of the air and the action of
the valves, as is shewn by the ground plan- H, Fig. 26, and the division K, K;
Fig. 36. Half the circle is worked having 2 divisions as ground plan, Fig. 27,
one third as Fig. 28, or one quarter as Fig. 29, .agreeable to the dimen-
sions of the euolians. The larger they are the more divisions and flies will be
required; but for half or quarter circles only they are constructed as Figs. 30
and 31, having their valves in the backs as at I, I, or in the sweep front as
J, J, agreeable to the place or corner they are to be fixed in for working the.
fly. Fig. 32 is of thin boards or any light material, and has an iron pivot to
turn on, as at P, and an iron spindle as at Q, passing thro' the top of the
euolian, to which the handle or movement is fixed. This fly, Fig. 32, will
work the whole circle in Fig. 25, half the circle in Fig. 30, or in Fig. 31.
The fly, Fig. 33, will work the two half circles in Fig. 27; the fly, Fig. 34,
will work the thirds in Fig. 28, as will also that of Fig. 35 the four quarters
in Fig. 29. The outer edges of all these flies are cloathed with leather or
some soft substance to make them air-tight, and the spindles. O must first be
nicely turned before the flies are framed in.
frame of divisions (as H, H, in all the ground
egress valves; K, K, are two boards about
the spindles O to the outer sweep, and extending from bottom to top in height,
where they are fixed firm, as they also are to the front, by means of screws, &c.
L, L, is a stout board, also fixed firm at bottom and top, and joined to the
back of the points of K, K. M is a light board attached to L, L, by means
of joints and springs which give it liberty to move from right to left. as the
fly comes in contact with it, but the iustant the fly returns the spring brings
it to its own parallel position. This light board M has all its edges clothed, to
make it air-tight, and to permit the spindle O to turn freely by it, and being
hung on joints and springs yielding to the fly boards, it permits them to propel
a much greater quantity of air from the same space, and they will by this
Fig. 36 is the elevation of the
plans), fitted with its ingress and
of the distance in width from.
.

page_text: construction work nearly the whole circle. N, N, are the ingress and egress
valves; the egress one N+ opens into a space at R, forming a magazine for
the two egress ones to open into. S is an aperture, from which the air will be
conducted to wherever it. is wanted to answer the almost innumerable pur-
poses to which it is applicable. Also Fig. 37 is a rising valve to be fixed
at the bottom of an outer door, &c., to prevent the exterior air from rushing
in; it is made of any material, tho' metal will give it an advantageous weight
at a small thickness. The lower edge. as at W, is scribed to the floor when
the door is shut, which will give it a close fitting; it is suspended on the
door by a rising arm, as at X; the end of this, valve fits close to the piece of
iron, &c., which is screwed on the door-post as at Y; it is rounded to permit
the end of the valve to revolve round it while the door is opening; the effect
of which will be that the valve being suspended by its arm X near that end,
it will instantly tip up the opposite end, carrying it clear above the floor; until
the door is again shut, when it will drop into its corresponding scribed plane
in the floor. Altho' I have laid down the materials & construction of the
machine, yet I do not confine myself to either, as they may be varied according
to local circumstances.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benford Deacon, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirteen.