Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Oct., 1893-Accepted, 11th Aug., 1900
I, ROBERT COOKE SAYER, of 11, Clyde Road, Redland, Bristol, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:-
This invention has for its object
1st. Large separate valves for supply and exhaust.
2nd. Sinal or no dead space..
3rd. A minimum of friction.
4th. That the valves be actuated by the pressure driving the piston.
5th. That the "cut off" of the pressure shall obtain at any point of the length
of the cylinder to act expansively.
6th. That the piston shall act as a brake without using the pressure.
7th. That the engine shall be reversible.
These objects obtain as described and shown by the following specification and
two drawings where
Fig. 1 is a plan at a b c d on Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 a sectional elevation at e f g h Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 a section at j k on Figs. 1 and 4.
Fig. 4 a section at on Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 a section at m n
"
Figs. 1 and 4.
Fig. 6 is in part, a section at g Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 shows the reversing gear.
Fig 8 and 9 the brake gear, front and side views.
DETAIL DESCRIPTION.
A cylinder has a piston 2, its rod 3 glands 4. Supply pipes 7 and 8 their
valves 5 and 6 made pressure tight, secured by screws 25 and 26, actuated by
double acting pistons 19 and 20, in cylinders 119 and 120, connected by rods 21
and 22, 121 and 122 and levers 27, 127 and 128. Exhaust pipes 11 and 12 their
valves 9 and 10 made tight, like the valves 5 and actuated by pistons 13 and 14
in cylinders 113 and 114 Figs. 4 and 5, connected by passages 15 and 16 to the
cylinder 1 at 17 and 18 and levers 23 and 24, passages 29 connecting the pistons
13 and 14 with the pistons 19 and 20 that have exhaust ports 30 and control the
passages 15 and 16 by slides 31 and 32 actuated by rods and 34 through the
links 35 and lever 37 centering at 38. Pressure tight barrel port valves 39 and
40 having any number of ports, 41, 42, 43, 44 shown, equally dividing the length
of the cylinder 1 and the periphery of the valves which are able to receive rotary
motion when the handle 4S is turned, by the pitch wheels 52 and chain 51
actuating the rods 50, the worm screws 49 on them to engage the worm wheels 53
carried on the spindles 54 of the valves 39 and 40 to bring any port 41 shown to
connect with the cylinder 1 at 47. Fig. 4, another port, 43 shown with the
passage 46 leading to the piston 19 or 20 at 84, the ports 42 and 44 being closed.
Longitudinal motion equal to or less than the space between two ports is given
the valves 39 and 40, by the handle 55 actuating the nut 56 lever 57 rocking
shaft 58 links 59 and 60, Fig. 6, levers 61 and 62 centering at 63 and arms 64
Fig. 2 a sectional elevation at e f g h Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 a section at j k on Figs. 1 and 4.
Fig. 4 a section at on Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 a section at m n o Figs. 1 and 4.
Fig. 6 is in part, a section at y Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 shows the reversing gear.
Fig 8 and 9 the brake gear, front and side views.
DETAIL DESCRIPTION.
A cylinder 1 has a piston 2, its rod 3 glands 4. Supply pipes 7 and 8 their
valves 5 and 6 made pressure tight, secured by screws 25 and 26, actuated by
double acting pistons 19 and 20, in cylinders 119 and 120, connected by rods 21
and 22, 121 and 122 and levers 27, 127 and 128. Exhaust pipes 11 and 12 their
valves 9 and 10 made tight, like the valves 5 and actuated by pistons 13 and 14
in cylinders 113 and 114 Figs. 4 and 5, connected by passages 15 and 16 to the
cylinder 1 at 17 and 18 and levers 23 and 24, passages 29 connecting the pistons
13 and 14 with the pistons 19 and 20 that have exhaust ports 30 and control the
passages 15 and 16 by slides 31 and 32 actuated by rods 33 and 34 through the
links 35 and lever 37 centering at 38. Pressure tight barrel port valves 39 and
40 having any number of ports, 41, 42, 43, 44 shown, equally dividing the length
of the cylinder 1 and the periphery of the valves which are able to receive rotary
motion when the handle 48 is turned, by the pitch wheels 52 and chain 51
actuating the rods 50, the worm screws 49 on them to engage the worm wheels 53
carried on the spindles 54 of the valves 39 and 40 to bring any port 41 shown to
connect with the cylinder 1 at 47. Fig. 4, another port, 43 shown with the
passage 46 leading to the piston 19 or 20 at 84, the ports 42 and 44 being closed.
Longitudinal motion equal to or less than the space between two ports is given
the valves 39 and 40, by the handle 55 actuating the nut 56 lever 57 rocking
shaft 58 links 59 and 60, Fig. 6, levers 61 and 62 centering at 63 and arms 64

page_text: and 65 swivelled to actuate the spindles 54 and the valves 39 and 40 to longitu-
dinally regulate either port, 41 shown, when in connection with the cylinder 1 for
which the spaces 87 are provided, as shown, or to project beyond the stroke of the
piston 2.
The levers 23 and 24 of the exhaust valves 9 and 10, Figs. 8 and 9 are connected
by the right and left screw rod 68 and trunnion nuts 69 and 70 for the valves 9
and 10 to work together, and have a handle 75 to traverse them.
The levers 27 and 127 of the supply valves 5 and 6, Fig. 7, have stirrups 76
and 77 through which the rod 78 freely passes and is carried to screw up and down
on a support 79 also springs 80 and 81 and a handle 82.
The cylinder 1 has pin valves 85 and 86.
For small cylinders 1 the pistons 13, 14, 19 and 20 are to be at right angles
to them and connected by suitable parts to effect the described objects.
The working is as follows:-
The parts being as shown, with the exhaust valves 9 shut, 10 open, the supply
valves 5 open 6 shut, the piston 2 starting with the "cut off" port 41, at one
fifth the stroke, open.
Thus when the port 41 is cleared by the piston 2 pressure enters it, the passage
83, port 43, passages 46 and 84, thrusts down the piston 19, its rod 21, lever 37,
Fig. 5, to raise the slide 31 by its rod 33 and link 35 and close the supply valve 5,
by the rod 21 acting on the lever 27, Figs. 2 and 7. When the piston 2 clears
the port 18 Fig. 5 pressure enters it thrusts down the piston 14 to close the
exhaust valve 10 Figs. 2, 8 and 9 with the lever 124 and open the valve 9, by
the rod 68 and lever 23 lowering the piston 13, by the lever 23. When the piston
14 Fig. 5 clears the entrance to the passage 29 pressure goes through 29 to the
piston 20 and exhausts at 30 Figs. 2 and 3 to thrust 20 down with its rod 22 and
lever 37 to actuate the links 35 and rod 34 to close the passage 18 Fig. 3 by the
slide 32 and also opens the valve 6 Fig. 2 by the rod 22 and lever 28 to send
pressure to thrust up the piston 2. As 2 passes the port 41 of the valve 39,
pressure enters it passes below the piston 20 by the passage 84 thrusts it up to
actuate the lever 37 to open the passage 16, Fig. 5 by lowering the slide 32 and
also to close the valve 6 by the lever 28 to let the pressure expand. When the
piston 2 reaches the port 17 again the pressure enters it thrusts up the piston 13
to close the exhaust valve 9 and reopen by the levers 23 and 24 and rod 68 the
exhaust valve 10. When the piston 13 clears the entrance to the passage 29
the pressure goes through 29 enters the cylinder 119 and thrusts up the piston 19
to shut the port 17 similarly to 18, by the slide 31, and the lever 27 opens the
supply valve 5 to send pressure to thrust back the piston 2.
When the cut off has to be varied say to two-fifths of the stroke the
nandle 48 Fig. 1, is turned to rotate the valves 39 and 40 to bring the ports 42
into connection with the cylinder 1, ports 41 and 43 to be closed, and 44 to connect
with the passages 46, 84 and pistons 19 and 20, by the pitch chain 51 and wheels 52
rods 50 worm screws 49 upon 50, worm wheels 53 actuated by 49 and keyed to the
spindles 54.
Should three-fifths cut off be desired the ports 43 are brought to connect
with the cylinder 1 and 41 with the passages 46 and 84.
For fourfifths cut off" ports 44 connect with cylinder 1 and 42 with passages
46 and 84.
If any intermediate point between the normal positions of the ports 41, 42,
43, 44 is required for the "cut off" the valves 39 and 40 with either of the ports
connecting with the cylinder 1 and passages 46 are traversed along the spaces 87
by the handle 55 by means of the nut 56 lever 57 shaft 58 Fig. 6 links 59 and 60
levers 61 and 62 and rods 64 and 65.
To stop the engine the usual stop valve, not shown is closed also the exhaust
valves 9 and 10, Figs. 2, 8 and 9, by turning the handle 75 to traverse the
nuts 69 and 70 upon the right and left handed screws of the rod 68 and draw
the pistons 13 and 14 to the end of their strokes, the continued motion of the

page_text: piston 2 draws atmospheric air through the valves 85, 86 and ports 30, its return
compresses it, it enters the ports 41 thrusts down and up the pistons 19 and 20
and opens the passages 17 and 18 by the slides 31 and 32.
To restart the engine, Figs. 2 and 7, the handle 82 is turned to raise or lower
the rod 78 by its screw thread and bring one of its springs 80 or 81 to meet its
stirrup 76 or 77 to thrust over the lever 27 or 127 and so close or keep open the
supply valve 5 or 6 according to the direction the piston 2 is desired to
take. If the piston 2 is in the middle of its stroke, the handle 75 Figs. 2, 8
and 9 reversed for the exhaust valves to act, and the pressure turned on at the
stop valve, not shown, to say the valve 5, it enters the port 17 Fig. 5 the piston 13
being up the exhaust valve 9 closed and 10 open and going by the valve 40 to
the piston 19 cuts. off" the pressure as described to expand and the piston 2
advancing finds the parts ready to act as before.
Succinct summary of the actions that obtain for a single acting piston, and at
the two ends of the double acting piston 2, as the engine works.
Supposing the "cut off" of pressure upon the piston 2, as it is thrust down, is
near the centre of the cylinder 1, say the port 42 of the valve 39 has been fixed
open to the cylinder 1 at the groove 47, the pressure enters 42 the valve 89
passage 84 and the cylinder 120 and acts upon the piston 20 to keep it up. When
the pressure, as the piston 2 advances, reaches the entrance 18, the passage 16
being open by the slide 32 being down, it acts upon the piston 14 to thrust it
down to close the exhaust valve 10, and open the exhaust valve 9, and thereby
relieves the pressure below the piston 20, so that when the piston 14 during its
last stroke, passes the entrance to the passage 29 the pressure goes through 29
to the cylinder 120 above the piston 20 and thrusts it down to reverse the supply
valve to send pressure to return the piston 2, and also by the lever 37 thrusts
down the slide 32 to close the passage 16, so that when the returning piston 2
passes 18 it is closed and does not exhaust at the port 30. When the piston 2
passes the port 42 pressure enters it passes through the valve 39 to passage 84 and.
acts on the piston 20 to thrust it up and shut the supply valve 6, and also by the
lever 37 and rod 34 lowers the slide 32 to open the entrance 18 and passage 16 to
the cylinder 1, thus admitting pressure through 16 which keeps the exhaust
valve 9 and 10 in place, and goes through the passage 29 above the piston 20,
so that pressure obtains above and below the piston 20, but that above being the
least, the available area of the piston being the smallest by reason of the size of
the rod 122, the relative position of the parts remain the same.
The actions are the same when the cut-off" is within the width of the piston 2,
as at the port 41, and the port 18 farther than 41, from the end of its stroke.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what
I claim is:
1st. In single or double acting cylinders pin-valves therein to close outwards
a piston pressure to actuate it a piston to receive part of the pressure to actuate
exhaust valves a port and passage exposed by the movement of the piston to
admit the pressure to a double acting piston to actuate supply valves by suitable
connections and able to give motion to a means to cut off the piston driving the
exhaust valves from the main cylinder and a port in the main cylinder having
access to the other end of the double acting piston driving the supply valves
for the main cylinder pressure to reverse its action close the supply valve and
reverse the means to open the piston actuating the exhaust valves to the pressure
of the main cylinder, fixing the exhaust and supply valves beyond but close to
the ends of the stroke of the main piston, a means for connecting the exhaust
valves of double acting cylinders able to close them and a means for closing or
opening either supply valve without the other substantially as described and
shown on the drawings.
2nd. A slide valve able to so direct the pressure driving the piston of a cylinder
that its supply valves being actuated by the pressure may cut it off at any point

page_text: of the length of the cylinder substantially as described and shown on the
drawings.
3rd. A barrel slide valve port carrier made pressure tight having a passage
and ports spaced equally to divide the length of the cylinder in which it is
used and the barrel circumferentially a means to rotate the valve and bring either
one of its ports to receive pressure from the cylinder pass it to its fellow port
a passage to and to actuate a means for cutting off the pressure going to the
cylinder, substantially as described and shown on the drawings.
4th. A slide port carrier made pressure tight a means to actuate the slide to
vary the distance of the port from the end of a cylinder and a port and passage
enabling pressure from the cylinder to pass to and actuate a means for cutting
off the pressure to the cylinder substantially as described and shown on the
drawings.
5th. In double acting cylinders 1 a piston 2 rod 3 pin valves 85 and 86
exhaust valves 9 and 10 actuated with pressure from the cylinder 1 by pistons 13
and 14 levers 23 and 24 connected by a screwed rod 68 passages 15 and 16 to
send pressure from the cylinder 1 to actuate the pistons 13 or 14 then by passages
29 to actuate pistons 19 or 20 to close the passages 15 or 16 by slides 31 or 32 and
open supply valves 5 or 6 by rods 33 or 34 levers 27 or 28 to admit pressure to
the piston 2 and close the valves 5 or 6 at any point of "cut off" by valves 39
and 40 having ports 41, 42, 43 44 to admit the pressure by either from the
cylinder to passage 83 other of the ports to passages 46, 84 and pistons 19 or 20
and open the passages 15 or 16 to the pistons 13 or 14 by raising slides 31 or 32.
Means to give rotary motion to valves 39 and 40 by parts 48, 51, 52, 49, 53, 54.
Means to give sliding motion to valves 39 and 40 by parts 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62, 6+, 65.
Means to actuate either supply valve 5 or 6 by parts 82, 78, 80, 81, 76, 27
and 127.
Means to actuate the exhaust valves 9 and 10 by parts 75, 68, 69, 70 substantially
as described and shown on the drawings.
Dated this 2nd day of October 1899.
ROBERT COOKE SAYER.