IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND MORDANTING TURKEY-RED CLOTH AND YARN
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Pollock, of Milton Works, Jamestown,
in the County of Dumbarton, North Britain, Manager, and Arthur
Pollock, of Dillichip Works, Bonhill, in the same County, Manager,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND MORDANTING
TURKEY-RED CLOTH AND YARN."
Sealed the 7th October 1871, and dated the 8th June 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Pollock and
Arthur Pollock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th June 1871.
We, WILLIAM POLLOCK, of Milton Works, Jamestown, in the County
of Dumbarton, North Britain, Manager, and ARTHUR POLLOCK, of
Dillichip Works, Bonhill, in the same County, Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING
AND MORDANTING TURKEY-RED CLOTH AND YARN," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention comprises improvements in preparing and mordanting
Turkey-red cloth and yarn, such improvements not only securing im-

page_text: proved results but also effecting a saving in materials, labor, and
time.
It has been a common practice, after the cloth or yarn has gone
through the oiling process, to steep, wash, and dry it so as to free it
from superfluous oil and alkali, then to pass it through a decoction t
containing tannin, and afterwards to pass it through a prepared solution
of alum in order to cause the precipitation in it of tannate of alumina
as a mordant.
By the present Invention, however, the cloth or yarn is allowed to
retain all the oil and alkali it absorbs in the oiling process, and is at 1
once passed into a prepared solution of alum, in which it is allowed
to steep for several hours. The result is that the alkali associated with
the oil in the cloth or yarn causes a precipitation therein of hydrate
of alumina, which acts as the mordant instead of tannate of alumina
as obtained by the ordinary process. After treatment with alum the 1
cloth or yarn is merely washed and then put into the dyeing boiler.
Instead of using a prepared solution of alum, as herein-before described,
a prepared solution of any other suitable salt of alumina may be
employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Pollock and Arthur Pollock in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 7th December 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
POLLOCK, of Milton Works, in the County of Dumbarton, North Britain,
Manager, and ARTHUR POLLOCK, of Dillichip Works, in the same County,
Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, a
give and grant unto us, the said William Pollock and Arthur Pollock,
Her special licence that we, the said William Pollock and Arthur
Pollock, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said William Pollock and Arthur Pollock, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, a

page_text: from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING
AND MORDANTING TURKEY-RED CLOTH AND YARN," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said William Pollock and Arthur Pollock, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Pollock and Arthur
Pollock, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, that is
to say :-
Our said Invention comprises improvements in preparing and mor-
danting Turkey-red cloth and yarn, such improvements not only
securing improved results but also effecting a saving in materials, labor,
and time.
It has been a common practice after the cloth or yarn has gone
through the oiling process to steep, wash, and dry it, with the view of
removing superfluous oil and alkali, then to pass it through a decoction
containing tannin or gallic acid or other similar astringent, and after-
wards to pass it through a prepared solution of alum in order to cause
the precipitation in it of tennate or gallate of alumina as a mordant.
By our present Invention, however, the cloth or yarn having been
carefully put through the oiling process, and so as not to hold any great
› excess of oil is allowed to retain all the oil and alkali it has absorbed,
and is at once passed into a prepared solution of alum in which it is
allowed to steep for several hours. The result is that the alkali (as-
sociated with the oil) in the cloth or yarn causes a precipitation therein
of alumina or hydrate of alumina instead of tannate or gallate of alumina
as obtained by the ordinary process. Owing to the dependence of the
oiling process upon many varying conditions it is impossible, even with
great care, to always avoid a too great retention of oil by the cloth
or yarn, but when it happens that the cloth or yarn holds too much

page_text: oil the amount must be reduced by steeping, washing, or other process
before putting the goods through the alum solution. Care must, how-
ever, be taken in such cases that a sufficiency of alkali remains in the
cloth or yarn, and when it happens from any cause that the alkali is
deficient, the quantity must be supplemented by passing the goods
through an alkaline solution, by which is insured the subsequent
precipitation of alumina in sufficient quantity. The cloth or yarn may
be transferred in the wet state to the alum solution, or it may be
dried before being put into it. After treatment with alum the cloth
or yarn is merely washed and then put into the dyeing boiler. Instead
of using a prepared solution of alum as herein-before described, a pre-
pared solution of any other suitable salt of alumina may be employed.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we have to state that what we
believe to be novel and original and claim as secured to us by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is, the herein-before described
process of preparing and mordanting Turkey-red cloth and yarn wherein
alumina or hydrate of alumina is precipitated by means of alkali in the
cloth or yarn, and without using sumac, galls, or other tannin or
astringent matter.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Pollock, on behalf of the
said William Pollock and myself, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
ARTHUR POLLOCK. (L.S.)