IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS WITH LATERAL AND COVERED JETS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clement Louis Liotard, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th July 1873.
I, CLEMENT LOUIS LIOTARD, junior, of the City of Paris, Department
of the Seine, in the Republic of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS WITH
LATERAL AND COVERED JETS," to be as follows:-
By means of this Invention the gas supplied with the quantity of air
necessary to perfect combustion is consumed without any loss, while
producing the maximum of caloric; further by the position of the jets,
placed horizontally, they cannot easily be stopped up, and in any case
may be cleaned in a few moments by removing the upper part of the
burner, which is fitted by simple superposition or more firmly by means
of two bayonet joints.
My burner, formed of one or of several concentric rings with one or
several feeders placed either horizontally or vertically, is composed of
two principal parts, one fixed, the under part, one movable, the upper
part, indifferently, as shown on the accompanying Sheets of Drawing:

page_text: The horizontal covered jets may be made either on the lower fixed part,
as in the sectional elevation Fig. 6 (Sheet II.), or in the lower part of
the movable upper part. These crenated jets instead of being made
after the manufacture of the burner, and by hand as in the ordinary
burners whether mushroom or ring burners, are made in the casting, the
result of which is a considerable reduction in the cost price, and
consequently in an equivalent proportion in the selling price. My
burner is therefore by its construction and its cheapness likely to bring
gas into common use for heating purposes.
The accompanying Drawings show, Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8,
(Sheet II.) in sectional elevation, plan, and section, the construction of
my burner with horizontal and covered jets whether placed upon the
lower fixed part or upon the upper movable part. This burner is
applicable to all kinds of apparatuses for heating by gas kitchen ranges,
or manufacturing or chemical apparatuses.
I may modify my improved burners with covered jets as follows:-
1°. By the suppression in nearly all cases of the adjustments and
mixing chambers of ordinary burners, replacing them by the handle
with under draught, shewn in section Fig. 7 (Sheet II.), and in plan at
Fig. 8 (Sheet II.) which cast alone or with the burner, whether ring or
mushroom, may when alone, as at Fig. 8, be fitted to every kind of
burner, old or new.
2°. By fitting the burner, whether ring or mushroom, to the body of
the fire-place B (that is to say the casing), by means of a simple screw
uniting the part B to the casing, as shown, Figures 1 and 2 (Sheet I.),
and Figures 6 and 7 (Sheet II.) passing through an opening made in the
casing for this purpose."
3°. By using a special key or cottar n, which may be substituted at
pleasure for any arrangement of screws in joining the various parts of
the fire-place or furnace, cock or olive to the handle, handle to burner,
or burner to casing.

page_text: 3°. The mode of fastening with bayonet joint, as indicated by the
letters h, h, which fixes the covers to the lower part of the burners.
4°. The cast-iron handle with its draught orifice beneath, the object of
which is to simplify the workmanship, lessen the quantity of material,
and at the same time regulate the arrival of the air, so as to obtain
perfect combustion.
5°. The key or cottar n, which in these apparatuses permits according
to circumstances the suppression of screws, which have the defect of
considerable labour in fixing, of rendering the cleaning difficult, and
repairs frequent.
In addition to the advantages above set forth, my system, applicable
equally to ring and to mushroom burners, permits by the addition of the
handle with air inlet beneath, an easy taking to pieces, cleaning, and
above all complete combustion of the gas employed, from whence
considerable economy of gas, and complete suppression of the deleterious
emanations which always result from incomplete combustion.
Instead of casting the jets in a crenated form, as shown on the
Drawings, I may cast all the surfaces, upper as well as lower, plane, by
providing for the issue of the gas in form of a single circular jet, a space
of variable depth, by means of three or four small rivets L, fixed either
on the lid or cover or upon the lower fixed part of the fire-place or
furnace, serving in this case to isolate the one from the other, and to
form a circular slit by which the gas will escape, as shown on the
Drawing.
To keep the heat of the fire-place from the handle I only preserve in
that part of my cast-iron handle which comes in contact with the
hand the simple tube, and I cover this tube with a layer of statuary
pasteboard or millboard, which submitted to great pressure in a mould
takes the form of the handle, and thus prevents communication of the
caloric.

page_text: of burners.
Fig. 9, detached parts.
Fig. 10, perspective elevation of heating apparatus and rings.
a, rings seen in plan and section; B, casing of apparatus; b, small
mushroom, which may replace one or more rings; c, section of cover of
a ring; d, arrival of mixture of gas and air in the rings or mushrooms;
e, mixing chamber; F, section of part of a ring at the point where
passes the mixture of gas and air going into the mushroom of the central
passage; g, under draught opening or air inlet; h, plate fitted to body
of apparatus and fixed by screws I; h¹, h, bayonet joints; j, notch on
the covers to permit them to pass under the fastening knobs; k, fillets
cast on the covers; L, fastening knob or button passing over the edges
of the covers fixing them to the lower part of the burners; m, cock set
in the end of the draught apparatus and fixed by the double key n,
which joins them as shown in the section; o, olive replacing the cocks
in the burners; P, outlets of gas mixed with air.