Year: 1888

page_text: 1, CHARLES CHALLINER of 19 Thomson Street Ardwick Manchester in the County
of Lancaster, Manager do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to the tyres of carriages or other vehicles especially to those in
which rings of indiarubber or other similar material are employed. My invention has
for its object the lessening of the noise and vibration caused by the passing of the
vehicle over the roadway and is also intended to prevent the destruction
lengthening of the indiarubber ring or tyre caused by its rolling contact with the
roadway.
or
In order to carry my invention into effect I shrink upon the felloe of the wheel or
otherwise fasten thereon or in addition fasten thereon a ring or hoop (hereinafter
called the hoop) of a channel or other suitable section made of iron or other suitable
material and either formed from iron rolled to section or otherwise conveniently
formed.
The object of the hoop is to contain a ring of indiarubber or other suitable material
(hereinafter called the ring) of convenient section and the inner surface of the hoop
may be shaped in any convenient manner so as to hold the ring effectually and
firmly.
I construct the ring with a steel or iron hoop of suitable thickness vulcanised
on its periphery and the ring may be split at one point be made in halves or in
segments or in any other way which is convenient so as to permit of it being
sprung into the hoop. I form the joint between each portion of the ring in such
a manner as will allow the ring to be closed upon the hoop but I do not at
present specify the particular method of making the joint.

page_text: Above the ring when the latter is placed in the hoop I shrink an iron or steel
tyre (hereinafter called the tyre) of some suitable section in the manner which is
well understood and in this way secure the ring in the hoop and at the same time
protect it from the roadway during the time the vehicle is running. Although I
do not specify any particular method of applying my invention to bicycles tricycles
and similar vehicles I can equally apply this method of construction to such
vehicles.
JOSEPH NASMITH.
Agent to the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Tyres of Carriages or other
Vehicles.
I, CHARLES CHALLINER of 19 Thomson Street, Ardwick, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying drawings:-
My said Invention relates to the tyres of wheeled vehicles and particularly to those
in which rings of india rubber or other suitable material are employed. My Invention
has for its object to lessen the noise and vibration caused by the passing of the vehicle
over the roadway or over plates or rails where the vehicle is destined to run on such,
and is at the same time intended to prevent the destruction of the india rubber
ring or tyre. With this object I surround the india. rubber ring or tyre with a metal
facing which protects it from wear, and to permit of the shrinking on of the said outer
metal facing or tyre I first surround the rubber ring with a metal hoop to which the
rubber is preferably vulcanised although the said hoop and the rubber might also be
united by cement or other means. The rubber ring thus united to the metal hoop is
formed with an open half checked or butt or other joint or is split or formed in halves
or in segments so that it can be easily applied to the wheel and when in position on
the felloe the whole is surrounded and held firmly in position by the outer shrunk
ou tyre. The inner surfaces of the hoop and tyre are formed so as to prevent
displacement.
To render my invention more clear I will now proceed to describe the same more
particularly with reference to the annexed three sheets of drawings:
The five Figs. on sheet 1 of the said drawings illustrate in cross section the most
obvious forms of my invention.
Sheet 2 contains a view of a complete wheel and detail views explanatory of the
method of forming and applying the ring, hoop and tyre.
Sheet 3 illustrates a tramway wheel made in accordance with my invention.
Referring in the first place to sheet 1 of the drawings Fig. 1 is a section of a wheel
rim with my improvement applied and intended for use in such a vehicle for
example as a hansom or other cab. The felloe a is surrounded by a trough shaped
ring which is shrunk on to the felloe or otherwise properly secured thereto.
Within the trough shaped ring I place a rubber ring'e having a metal face or loop d
the rubber being vulcanised to the hoop. The rubber is recessed as shown and a
projection on the inner circumference of the loop fills the recess of the rubber.
By this means the hoop d is more firmly secured to the rubber and sidelong dis-
placement of separation of the hoop and the rubber is prevented. When the hooped
rubber has been applied to the rim in a manner which will be described with
reference to sheet 2 the outer tvre c is placed round the whole and shrunk on in
position compressing the metal faced rubber ring C firmly in the trough ring bl.
The recess which appears in the back of the hoop d or metal face of the rubber
ring is occupied by a rib or projection el formed on the inner circumference of the
tyre e so that the tyre e cannot move to one side or the other. Fig. 2 shows a

page_text: b
section similar to Fig. 1 but adapted for a heavier class of vehicle such for example
as a cart or heavy carriage. It will be observed that a less thickness of rubber is
used. In Fig. 3 which is designed for use in still heavier vehicles such as lurries
and the like the hoop d is formed with side flanges or lips which embrace this
rubber ring c on each side, in the same manner as the trough shaped ring b. By
this means greater stiffness is given to the elastic tyre or rim so as to qualify it to
resist the heavy strains brought upon it. The construction is otherwise the same as in
the foregoing Figs. In Fig. 4 the hoop has no recess in its outer circumference
and the inner circumference of the outer tyre c is also flat. To give the requisite or
desirable attachment between the outer tyre e and the hoop d I secure them together
by means of screws or studs the heads of which occupy countersunk holes in the
outer tyre e so as to be flush with the outer surface, while the screwed shanks enter
tapped holes in the thickest part of the hoop d. Fig. 5 shows the rubber ring c
forced into a trough shaped ring having overhanging sides or retaining ridges 61
which hold the rubber in the ring independently of the retaining effect of the
hoop and tyre. The ring may either be formed as shown in Fig. 5 or it may have
dovetail or inclined sides although I do not make any claim for such dovetail or
inclined sides in the ring independently of or apart from my present invention.
The depression in the hoop d may also be rolled in the curved form shown at Fig. 5.
In all cases I prefer to further secure the hooped rubber ring in the ring by means
of cement. In sheet 2 of the drawings, Fig. 6 shows a complete wheel fitted with my
improved tyre. Fig. 7 shows a portion of the felloe and tyre to a larger scale, the
part marked A being an outside view and the part marked B being in section. I have
already observed that for convenience in applying the rubber the ring is or may be
cut so as to form a butt or checked joint. In Fig. 8 I show a portion of the rubber
ring with the hoop d vulcanized thereto the joint at a appearing open. This joint
might either be a flat butt joint or I might half check the ends to be joined as shown
at Fig. 9 which represents the rubber ring and hoop before being closed up by the
binding action of the outer encircling tyre e. Fig. 10 shows the joint after having
been closed by the pressure of the said outer tyre. When fitting wheels with
my improved tyre, I first vulcanise the hoop d to the outer circumference of the split
rubber ring the hoop being split at the same point as the rubber. Then having
coated the interior of the trough ring with cement when in situ on the wheel felloe.
I insert the rubber ring, on the completion of which operation the joint of the hooped
ring is open as in Fig. 9. I now heat the outer tyre e till it has expanded sufficiently
to embrace the hooped rubber ring after which it is cooled and shrunk on in position
binding the whole of the parts together and closing the open joint of the hooped ring
as shown in Fig. 10. The faces of the joint might also be coated with cement to
secure cohesion and prevent opening. Instead of having the joint of the hooped ring
half checked as shown in the drawing I might make it a plain butt joint as aforesaid
or a vee joint or of any other suitable shape.
.The
In sheet 3 of the drawings Fig. 11 shows a tramway wheel in side elevation and
Fig. 12 the same in cross section, Fig. 13 showing the rim in section to a larger
scale. The boss f. arms g, and ring are formed in one piece, while the ring
bolted on by means of the bolts thus forming a trough shaped recess round the
circumference into which the hooped rubber ring c is inserted as aforesaid.
flanged tyre e is thereafter shrunk on as already described with reference to the other
drawings and the wheel is complete. In order to soften sidelong thrusts and shocks
such for example as take place when rounding, a corner or when the car is switched
from one track to another, I introduce elastic material between the flanged tyre e and
the sides of the recess into which it is shrunk so as to prevent the unyielding contact
between metal and metal. This modification is shown to an enlarged scale at Fig. 14
on sheet 1. In this case I introduce rings of rubber, leather or other suitable
yielding material between the sides of the tyre e and the faces of the rings h, i so
that when the tyre e is forced against one side or the other of the recess these rubber
rings act as buffers and soften the shock. Thin rings of metal are introduced
between the said side rings and the rubber and tyres as shown but these might be

page_text: dispensed with.
The invention might be applied to the construction of railway
wheels. Fig. 15 is a sectional view of the rim of a tramway wheel showing a mode
of construction different from the methods herein before set forth. I cast the rim or
ring h with a recess to take the hooped rubber ring c. When the said hooped rubber
ring has been inserted I shrink on the flanged tyre e and finally shrink the retaining
ring m upon the side of the rim h thus boxing in the rubber and making all secure
without the aid of bolts or screws. Side rings of rubber might be applied to this
form of wheel as shown at Fig. 14. The details of manufacture, shape and con-
struction of the wheel may be varied so long as the principle of my invention is
adhered to which consists in the use of a rubber tyre applied to the felloe of the wheel
in combination with an outer metal coating or ring or tyre to protect the rubber from
too rapid wear.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
(1) In wheels of the indicated description (having a trough shaped ring a rubber
ring c a metal hoop d and an outer metal tyre c) vulcanising the rubber to the metal
hoop & so as to unite them firmly together and form practically one ring for the
purposes and substantially as described and shown.
(2) In a wheel with an elastic tread composed of the trough shaped ring b; the
rubber ring c and hoop d (vulcanised together); and the outer tyre c, forming the
hoop d with an annular rib or projection on its inner circumference to enter the rubber
and a recess in its outer circumference to receive an annular rib or projection on the
inner circumference of the outer tyre e for the purposes and substantially as described
and shown.
(3) The general arrangement and combustion of parts forming an elastic rim or
tread for a wheel prepared and applied substantially as described and shown.
(4) In a tramway or railway wheel the employment of a rubber ring vulcanised to
a surrounding hoop in combination with the trough shaped rim and external metal
tyre substantially as described and shown.
(5) In railway and tramway wheels of the indicated type and made in accordance
with my invention the introduction of elastic side rings k between the outer tyre
and the sides of the recess containing the rubber ring c substantially as described
and shown.
(6) In railway and tramway wheels of the indicated description the hooped rubber
ring, the outer tyre e in combination with the recessed rim hand guard ring m
shrunk on to confine the tyre substantially as described and as shown at Fig. 15 of the
drawings.
Dated this 95th day of Moro 1880
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents.