IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Edwards, of 23, Howey Street, Battersea,
in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES."
Sealed the 5th May 1874, and dated the 29th November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Edwards at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th November 1873.
I, GEORGE EDWARDS, of 23, Howey Street, Battersea, in the County
of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates in the first place to improvements in tubular.
and spiral air channels in stoves, so arranged as to facilitate the free
and speedy passage of heated air into the room by presenting to the
heated parts a large surface vertically disposed in the interior of the
stove. When I use tubes for this purpose, they pass through and are
held in position by diaphragms, the top and bottom diaphragms being
hermetically sealed to prevent the mixture of burnt and warming air,

page_text: .
while the intermediate diaphragms have suitable air passages in
alternated positions for the burnt air to pass through among the tubes
in its course to the chimney.
When I use spiral channels, they are formed by vertical walls which
make two distinct channels of a spiral shape in plan or horizontal
section. One of these channels is used for the passage of the burnt air
to the chimney or outlet, which air is diverted from side to centre, and
vice versa several times by means of diaphragms arranged across the
channel. The other channel (whose walls are heated by the burnt air
of the last-mentioned channel) is open at the top and the bottom and
admits of a free passage for air from the basement of the stove. The
upper diaphragm is generally fixed somewhat below the top of the tubes
or the walls of the spiral channels and the stove sides, so as to form a
space for water when a moist atmosphere is required.
The top of the stove is or may be covered with a wire gauze or cage-
like cap or with perforated metal.
6
•
My Invention has reference in the second place to the construction of
à compound valve for the admission and regulation of air for combustion
and for ventilation. The valve is constructed of iron or any suitable
material, and is moved on a centre by a suitable arm or lever in such a
manner as to cover and uncover apertures in a disk, and change by one
movement the admission of air to the burners and to the air warming
channels from the room and the external atmosphere in such manner,
that while the room is supplying air for combustion the external
atmosphere is supplying air for warming, or vice versa. These
stoves may be made of cast iron in parts jointed with sand, cement,
or any suitable joints, they may be made of terra cotta or of any
suitable sheet metal, and the parts rivetted, soldered, or galvanized
together.
Sometimes I cover the whole or part of the stove with an ornamental
jacket, which jacket may be enamelled or japanned, or made of polished
metal.
When gas is employed it is brought in any suitable manner to the stove,.
in which is effected in any convenient position among the tubes or in one
of the spiral channels a burning chamber in which I use any suitable
kind of gas burner, but I prefer to use one of my own Invention, which
:

page_text: In order to prevent explosions the burner is fastened to the door in
such a manner that the door cannot be opened to light the gas without
the burner being drawn out of the burning chamber, and the key for
turning on the gas is so arranged that it cannot be turned except when
the door is open.
may
.
The stove in all cases is supplied with an outlet to convey the burnt
air from the room, and it may be used like an ordinary stove with a
pipe from the upper part of the stove to the chimney or outlet in the
wall, ceiling, or floor, and the air for combustion as well as for warming
be drawn from the room, and in this case the fresh air is supplied
through spaces in the doors & windows of the room as with an open
fire-place, but I prefer to affix a suction pipe to the base of the stove
and through the floor or wall to communicate with the outer
atmosphere, so that by means of my improved valve the air of the room
may be continually and repeatedly warmed while the air from without
enters to support combustion in the stove and returns by the chimney.
And when required for ventilating as well as for warming the room, the
position of the valve is changed when the air of the room supplies
combustion and passes out at the chimney or outlet, whilst the fresh air
enters from without through the tubes or spiral channels in a warm
state into the room.
When this stove is used for lighting I place it by preference at an
elevation from the floor, in which case I prefer to conduct to it the air
of the room from near the floor by means of a tube, pipe, or flue, so
that the colder air may be extracted or warmed according to the position
of the valve.
The improvements in the valve and the air passages above described
am olsa onnlionhle to cool and bednonashon huing at

page_text: When the stove is used for lighting, the door is made partly of glass,
talc, or any suitable transparent medium, and the air is conducted to the
burner by suitable guide plates.
}
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Edwards in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
EDWARDS, of 23, Howey Street, Battersea, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said George Edwards, Her spécial
licence that I, the said George Edwards, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Edwards, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said George Edwards, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Edwards, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My Invention of "Improvements in Stoves" relates in the first place
to improvements in tubular and spiral air channels in stoves so arranged

page_text: as to facilitate the free and speedy passage of heated air into the room
by presenting to the heated parts a large surface vertically disposed in
the interior of the stove. When I use tubes for this purpose, they pass
through and are held in position by diaphragms, the top and bottom
diaphragms being hermetically sealed to prevent the mixture of burnt
and warming air, while the intermediate diaphragms have suitable air
passages in alternated positions for the burnt air to pass through among
the tubes in its course to the chimney.
When I use spiral channels, they are formed by vertical walls which
make two distinct channels of a spiral shape in plan or horizontal
section. One of these channels is used for the passage of the burnt air
to the chimney or outlet, which air is diverted from side to centre, and
vice versa, several times by means of diaphragms arranged across the
channel. The other channel (whose walls are heated by the burnt air
of the last-mentioned channel) is open at the top and the bottom, and
admits of a free passage for air from the basement of the stove. The
upper diaphragm is generally fixed somewhat below the top of the tubes
or walls of the spiral channels and the stove sides, so as to form a space
for water when a moist atmosphere is required.
The top of the stove is or may be covered with a wire gauze or cage-
like
cap or with perforated metal.
My Invention has reference in the second place to the construction of
a compound valve for the admission and regulation of air for com-
bustion and for ventilation. The value is constructed of iron or any
suitable material, and is moved on a centre by a suitable arm or lever
in such a manner as to cover and uncover apertures in a disk, and change
by one movement the admission of air to the burners and to the air
warming channels from the room and the external atmosphere in such
manner, that while the room is supplying air for combustion the
external atmosphere is supplying air for warming, or [vice versa.
These stoves may be made of cast iron in parts, jointed with sand,
cement, or any suitable joints. They may be made of terra cotta or of
any suitable sheet metal, and the parts riveted, soldered, or galvanized
together.
Sometimes I cover the whole or part of the stove with an ornamental

page_text: When gas is employed it is brought in any suitable manner to the
stove, in which is effected in any convenient position among the tubes
or in one of the spiral channels a burning chamber in which I use any
suitable kind of gas burner, but I prefer to use one of my own
Invention which is a modified form of atmospheric burner so arranged,
that the gas and air are forced to the end of the main tube across the
branch and thus mixed before returning through the side hole of the
branch, and also arranged in such a manner that it can readily be
replaced by an ordinary burner, it being kept in place by a spring
instead of a screw.
In order to prevent explosions the burner is fastened to the door in
such a manner that the door cannot be opened to light the gas without
the burner being drawn out of the burning chamber, and the key for
turning on the gas is so arranged that it cannot be turned except when
the door is open.
r
The stove in all cases is supplied with an outlet to convey the burnt
air from the room, and it may be used like an ordinary stove with a
pipe from the upper part of the stove to the chimney or outlet in the
wall, ceiling, or floor, and the air for combustion as well as for warming
may be drawn from the room, and in this case the fresh air is supplied
through spaces in the doors and windows of the room as with an open
fire-place, but I prefer to affix a suction pipe to the base of the stove
and through the floor or wall to communicate with the outer
atmosphere, so that by means of my improved valve the air of the
room may be continually and repeatedly warmed while the air from
without enters to support combustion in the stove and returns by the
chimney. And when required for ventilating as well as for warming
the room the position of the valve is changed, when the air of the
room supplies combustion and passes out at the chimney or outlet whilst
the fresh air enters from without through the tubes or spiral channels
in a warm state into the room.
When the stove is used for lighting I place it by preference at an
· elevation from the floor, in which case I prefer to conduct to it the
air of the room from near the floor by means of a tube, pipe, or flue, so
that the colder air may be extracted or warmed according to the position
of the valve.
The improvements in the valve and the air passages above described
are also applicable to coal and hydrocarbon burning stoves.

page_text: Fig. 26 is a diagram to shew how my improved system of lighting,
warming, and ventilating may be applied by placing my improved stove
upon a hollow column. This column is divided longitudinally into
sections, as shewn, to serve as chimney and air passages.
upon a noшow column. This column is divided longitudinally into
sections, as shewn, to serve as chimney and air passages.
Figures 27 and 28 are diagrams of one form of my improved
valve.
Figures 29 and 30 are diagrams in vertical and horizontal sections of
one form of my improved tubular stoves with a spiral diaphragm in
the burnt air passage and zig-zag webs between the tubes which form
the air passages.
a, a, are vertical air channels through which the air to be warmed by
the interior of the stoves may pass freely. These passages or tubes are
sometimes supplied with webs of any suitable shape, some of which are
shewn at Figures 3, 7, 13, 20, 21, 24, and 25. These webs are by
preference made of sheet iron and are galvanized together and to the
stove. These vertical air passages are used wholly or partly for warm-
ing the fresh air, and for warming and rewarming the air of the room,
and I sometimes use a part of these passages as a chimney to carry the
products of combustion down through the floor, as shewn at Fig. 24,
when the burnt air may be made to dèscend through the passage a¹
instead of by the ordinary chimney.
b, b, are passages for the burnt air (otherwise called products of com-
bustion) in its way to the chimney; c, c, are diaphragms to retard the
progress of the burnt air and to lengthen its passage to the chimney,
and also to communicate the heat they absorb to the walls of the
vertical air channels a, which in their turn communicate the heat to the
air in its passage between them; d; d, are caps made of cast iron,
perforated metal, wirework, or any material or design suitable to the
stove and for the free passage of the warmed air; e (Figures 2, 4, 6,
and 9), is my improved valve which turns on the centre f; it is worked
by means of the lever g (Figures 2 and 6) or by the rod f¹ and
lever g', shewn in Fig. 2 by the dotted lines.
When I place a stove at an elevation from the floor, I prefer to conduct
the air of the room to be warmed or to be burnt (as the case may require)
from the bottom of the room by means of a suction pipe h (Figures 2
and 4), which in this case is shewn as descending the chimney and
.

page_text: passing through the register plate of an ordinary grate (not shewn)
terminates near the floor. The fresh air enters by the tube h¹ which
passing through the chimney and, wall terminates in the air-brick h¹¹.
The fresh air is brought in this or any other suitable manner to one part
of the valve chamber i, and the room air enters directly through
suitable apertures or by means of the before mentioned or any other
suitable suction pipe into the other part of the air chamber ?..
The valve e, in Figures 2, 4, 6, and 9, is shewn in position to admit
fresh air through the intermediate chamber k and the vertical
channels a into the room, while the air of the room is admitted through
the orifice e (Figures 4 and 9) into the burning chamber (Figures 2
and 6). Thus the air of the room supplies combustion and passes
afterwards through apertures (Figures 3 and 7) arranged in alternated
positions in the diaphragms c (Figures 1, 2, 5, and 6,) into the
chimney, while the fresh air enters through the air-brick h", the
pipe h¹, and the vertical channels a, in a warm condition into the room
for ventilation.
The stove being placed on a chimney shelf or other elevated position,
and having a reflector at the back of the light (not shewn) and a
window of talc or glass m (Figures 1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 11, 16, 17, 22, 23,
and 26), serves also for lighting the room or as a reading lamp. The
window m serves also in regulating the quantity of combustible by.
shewing the flame produced and to render the appearance of the stove
more cheerful when it is placed on the floor.
n, n, are gas burners on my improved principle, they are held in
position by the spring o (Figures 5, 15, and 21ª); p, p, (Figures 1, 2, 5,
6, and 7,) are doors which open on hinges and the burners n are fastened
to them by means of a suitable connexion, so that when the door is
opened it pulls out the burner. The top. q is placed inside the stove so
that it cannot be turned until the door is opened and the burner
outside.
p¹ (Figures 10, 11, and 14) is a door and burner combined, it is held
in place by the spring o (Figure 15) which presses the conical end p"
into its socket; it serves as a hinge for the door and an air-tight gas
5 swivel; r (Figures 10, 11, and 22) is a handle and prop by which the

page_text: door is kept shut as shewn by the full lines, and open and hooked up as
shewn by the dotted lines. When this door is pulled open, a catch r
(Figures 10 and 22) fixed to the door comes in contact with the flap 11
(Figures 10, 11, 12, 22, and 23), and by raising the flap uncovers the
tap q (Figures 12, 15, and 23). The same catch ¹ serves to keep the
flap down when the door is shut by coming in contact with an arm (not
shewn); s. (Figures 10, 11, 14, 22, 23, and 25) is a guide plate or case to
conduct the air to the burner. It can be cast with or made as a fixture
to the door, or it may be a separate part; t, t, (Figures 16, 17, and 18)
is a door in the form of a moveable plinth or base shewn as shut by the
full lines, and as open and hooked up by the dotted lines in Figures 16.
The joint at top and bottom when required are made smoke-tight with
sand.

page_text: And, lastly. The various improvements for using part of the air
passages in the stoves as a down chimney or outlet for the products
of combustion.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Edwards, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.