IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND HEATING ROOMS AND PLACES, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Kay, of Stockport in the County of Chester,
Chemist for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING
AND HEATING ROOMS AND PLACES, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Kay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1882.
THOMAS KAY of Stockport in the County of Chester Chemist IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND HEATING ROOMS AND PLACES AND IN
APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
The nature of my Invention consists in so adapting my apparatus to an
illuminating or other heat producing flame or flames whilst burning in a room
apartment or place, as to cause the radiation deflection and diffusion of a large
portion of such heat, generally throughout the space situate beneath and about
the plane or level at which the flames or flame itself is burning
My object is to intercept the heat emitted by a flame employed for illuminating
purposes or otherwise and to utilize such beat for the heating of rooms stoves
apartments and places
Some of the advantages to be derived from the use of my Invention comprise:
1st The production from a given quantity of pure or saturated or diluted gas,
oil, spirit or other inflammable heat or light producing agent of an increased
radiation of heat which heat instead of in its usual course being allowed to rise
direct to the ceiling is intercepted absorbed and so radiated diffused or deflected,
that warmth in the lower parts of the levels of a room sensibly increases and a
more equable temperature is caused to exist throughout the whole space inclosed
by the walls
2nd Its adaptability to gas and other chandeliers and brackets oil and spirit
lamps and to all other illuminating contrivances
3rd A saving often of the trouble and expence of lighting fires and avoidance
of the dust dirt and smoke arising therefrom
4th The capability of setting without delay, the apparatus in operation

page_text: 5th Its applicability to the heating of sick rooms and nurseries where it may be
used both as a night light and a food warmer
6th Its general adaptation to domestic manufacturing and other useful purposes
In configuration my apparatus may be made either hemispherical or a complete
sphere the flame burning either inside or beneath or instead the latter form may
be flattened more or less so as to reduce its convexity on either its upper or
its underside or both it may for some purposes be made to assume a concave
or any intermediate form and the surface may be corrugated impressed roughened
or plain
•
In cases when a bright flame or light is not required I adinit a supply of
atmospheric nir to the gas jet, and cause the gas and air to mix before ignition
but under circumstances requiring a uniform heat of higher degree, I increase the
ordinary heat of a gas or other flame by applying thereto one or more jets or gentle
blasts of air to act on the principle of the blow pipe.
I make my apparatus of thin sheet metal by preference either Platinum Silver
Copper Iron or other metallic substance coated dull black or dull white, being
hollow or it may be filled with any suitable heat absorbing substance or not It
may be made also of glass ground etched or plain earthenware or other suitable
heat radiating substance, its horizontal configuration and size varying according
to the dimensions of the room or space to be warmed and the height or level of
the source of heat
In applying my invention to an ordinary gas bracket or a chandelier fitted say
with five burners I employ a like or lesser number of my apparatus and cause
them to be supported from the central stem the gallery or pipe of the chandelier
or by other contrivance in such way that they may either be moved collectively
directly over the several flames one over each or be placed in intermediate positions.
when no heating is required and I also make the height or distance above the flaume
adiustable

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Kay in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th April
1883.
THOMAS KAY of Saint Peters Gate Stockport in the County of Chester
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND HEATING ROOMS, AND PLACES
AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
"
"
The nature of my invention consists in so adapting my apparatus consisting
of a hollow metallic globe or sphere to an illuminating or other heat producing
flame or flames as to cause the radiation, deflection and diffusion of a large portion
of such heat generally throughout the space situate beneath and about the plane or
level at which the flames or flame itself is burning.
My object is to intercept the heat emitted by a flame employed for illuminating
or other purposes and to utilize such heat for the heating of rooms stoves
apartments and places.
Some of the advantages to be derived from the use of my invention comprise.
First. The production from a quantity of pure or saturated or diluted gas,
oil, spirit, or other inflammable heat or light producing agent, c increased
radiation of heat, which heat instead of in its usual course being alto.... to rise
to the ceiling of the room or place, is intercepted absorbed and so radiated, diffused
or deflected, that warmth in the lower parts or levels of the room or place sensibly
increases and a more equable temperature is caused to exist throughout the whole
space inclosed by the walls. Second. Its adaptability to Gas and other Chandeliers
and Brackets, oil, and spirit. Lamps and to all other illuminating contrivances
Third. A saving often of the trouble and expense of lighting fires and the avoidance
of dust, dirt and smoke, arising therefrom. Fourth. The capability of setting without
delay the apparatus in operation. Fifth. Its applicability to the heating of sick
rooms and nurseries where it also may be used both as a night light and a.
food warmer. Sixth. Its general adaptation to domestic manufacturing and other
useful purposes.
In configuration my heating apparatus may be made either hemispherical or
globular the flame burning either from the inside or beneath. Its spherical form
may be flattened more or less, so as to reduce its convexity either on its upper or
its underside, or both, it may for some purposes be made to assume a crescent
form or any intermediate shape and its surface wholly or in part may be corrugated,
feathered, indented, roughened, or plain.
In cases where a bright flame or light is not required I admit a current of
atmospheric air to the gas jet, and cause the gas and air to mix before ignition;
but under circumstances requiring a uniform heat of higher degree, I increase the
ordinary heat of a gas or other fame by applying thereto either one or more jets or
gentle blasts of air to act on the principle of the blow pipe, or as a substitute,
I employ powerful Argand burners, whereby I obtain not only both light and heat
but also complete combustion.
I make my heating apparatus either wholly or in part of thin sheet metal, by
preference copper, although platinum, silver, iron or other metallic substance may
be used; or the upper half may be made of thin sheet metal, and the lower half
may be cast, and if thought desirable may be colored dull black or otherwise.
Being hollow it may in some cases be filled with any light refractory heat
absorbing substance.
My apparatus may also be made of glass, or of earthenware, or any other suitable
heat radiating substance, ornamented or plain, its horizontal configuaration and size

page_text: .
varying according to the dimensions of the room or space to be warmed, and the
height or level of the source. of beat.
In applying my invention to an ordinary Gas Chandelier fitted say with five
illuminating burners or lights, I employ a like or any lesser number of my heating
apparatus and suspend them from the radial arins of a movable gallery adapted to
the main central stem or pipe of the Chandelier or by any other contrivance, but in
such a way, that they may either be moved collectively directly over the several
flames one, over each, or be placed in intermediate positions when no heating is
required, the height or distance of the heating apparatus above the flames
respectively being inade adjustable.
One of the radiators or deflectors of heat is shewn by Fig: I. on the sheet of
Drawings hereto annexed, and which exhibits the radiator or heater adapted to a
single gas bracket, and adjustably suspended over its illuminating flame, the rising
current of heat from which, is intercepted and beaten back in radiating streams by
the under surface of the heater which, in order to avoid all fuliginous deposit must
not be placed in contact with the flame. A marks the heater. B. the upright stem
of the suspender, fixed to the bracket tube by B₁, which represents a screw-clip-
B marks the adjustable arm that carries the heater. C. is the Gas burner, and
D. shews the outer end or part of the Bracket.
Fig 2, exhibits the same heater A. inverted and screwed upon that part of the
end of the bracket D. which forms the socket in which the gas burner is fixed, so
that the Gas which passes through the socket when turned on, fills the heater, and
issuing from the minute holes c, it burns on the outer surface of the under half of
the heater in small jets of flame.
Fig 3. represents a hemispherical heater marked F. mounted on the end of a
vertical tube G. which is also adapted to the end of a Wall Gas Bracket, the tube
being screwed upon the socket that receives the burner. The gas which passes
through the burner when turned on, also passes through a regulating hole made in
the centre of the diaphragın H. The atmosphere is admitted to mingle with and
dilute the gas at the holes I. which are made in the tube, one at each side. The air
and gas are thoroughly commingled during their passage up the tube into the
heater, wherefrom the combined fluid issues at the vertical slits J. and it burns on
the under surface of the heater with a constant blue flame that radiates a large
amount of heat-This heater has a flat, circular, sheet metal cover, rivetted or
otherwise fastened on air-tight.
Fig: 4. marks a spherical heater K. the upper half whereof is made of thin sheet
metal, but the lower half in order to increase its heating and radiating power, is
furnished with a closely arranged series of projecting leaves or feathers marked M.
and is cast in one piece, the two halves or parts respectively being each provided
with light projecting flanges marked L. which when rivetted or otherwise fastened
together form a kind of equatorial belt. This beater is also mounted on a vertical
tube G. and adapted to a gas bracket D. the air and gas being admitted and
commingling in the manner described with reference to fig: 3. and the slits J.
whence the combined inflammable fluid issues and burns on the outside; are placed
between the leaves or feathers M, one between each. If a moderate increase in the
supply of Gas be used, this heater will be found to possess considerable heating and
radiating power. It burns with a subdued blue flaine.
Fig: 5. is an underneath view of Fig: 4. shewing the arrangement of the leaves
or feathers M. the slit openings J. the projecting flange &c.
Fig: 6. shews a heater similar in most respects to that described with reference
to fig: 4 It is mounted on a tube in the same way and differs from it only in
the mode adopted to increase its heating and radiating power. The heater is
marked O. its lower half is intended to be cast in one piece, to which is adapted a
volute coil of wire N. which is supported by the projecting ribs P. the outer edges
whereof are recessed or notched to receive and keep in place the several turns of
the wire coil which, when the heater is in operation, is enveloped by the flames of
the inflammable fluid that issues from the slits J. over which the volute coil is

page_text: arranged. The wire soon becomes red hot, and if a large size heater be used with
a copious supply of diluted gas, its radiating and heating power is very great.
Instead of being adapted to a wall bracket, such a heater as this may be mounted
on the top of a pedestal, stand, or light movable ornamental column or pillar and be
made to do efficient service in any part of a room or apartment.
Fig: 7. is an underside view of the heater O. shewing the volute wire coil N.
supported by the ribs P. and also the burner slits J. which are crossed by the
several turns of the coil.
Fig: 8 exhibits a heater Q. adapted to a paraffine or petroleum lamp S.
The heater may be either spherical or made flat at top for the purpose of
warming the contents of any small metallic, earthenware, or glass vessel, is
supported by the side rods R. The heat from the flame passes up the chimney
glass into the heater which becomes very hot and radiates a considerable amount of
heat from its outer surface, the spent gases and products of combustion escaping
from beneath as indicated by the arrows:-
Having now in compliance with the conditions of the Letters Patent fully
described and ascertained the nature and use of my invention, and shewn by the
figures on the drawing several methods of adapting it to useful purposes, I wish
it to be understood that without departing from the nature of my invention, the
precise form, size and material of which my heater is made may be varied, as also
its position in a room, more or less high or low, in which it may be placed, and
therefore what I claim as my invention consists in as follows, that is to say:-
1st I claim the application to an illuminating or other flame, of a spherical,
bemispherical, or other analogous form of heater, for the purpose of intercepting
the heat from such flame and causing its radiation, deflection and diffusion in the
manner and for the purposes described.
2nd I claim the adaptation to a gas bracket, chandelier, pedestal, or pillar of a
spherical, hemispherical or other analogous form of heater, flattened at the poles or
otherwise, and mounted on a vertical tube wherein the commixture of gas and air
takes place to produce an inflammable fluid that fills the heater and issues through
slits or holes made in its underside, and burns on its outer surface in the manner
and for the purposes described.
3rd I claim the mode of increasing the radiating surface of spherical, or other
analogous form of heater by the means described with reference to Figre 4. 5. 6. and 7.
shewn on the drawing hereto annexed.
4th I claim the adaptation to spirit and oil lamps, of a spherical or other
analogous form of heater, after the manner and for the purposes herein described
with reference to the Fig: 8 shown on the annexed drawing
In witness whereof I the said Thomas Kay have hereunto set my hand and
seal this twentieth day of April in the year of Our Lord one thousand.
eight hundred and eighty three.