IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DRAWING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Buckingham, of Westmoreland House;
Walworth Common, in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
DRAWING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 22nd September 1859, and dated the 28th March 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Buckingham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th March 1859.
I, JAMES BUCKINGHAM, of Westmoreland House, Walworth Common, in
the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DRAWING
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the covered rollers of preparing and spinning
machinery, or the rollers employed in drawing wool; cotton, and other fibrous
substances, which are covered with leather; and my improvements consist in
the uso or application to the surface of such leather coverings of a varnish or
a solution of gutta percha, juitian, or other gum, which is non-soluble in oil
disolved in turpentine, chloroform, benzole, naptha, or other suitable solvent,
and in some cases I use in combination a little india-rubber. By the appli-
cation of such varnish the leather is rendered non-absorbent of oil, the surface
more suitable for the drawing of fibrous substances, requiring less' pressure on
the top roller, consequently diminishing the motive power required for driving
the machinery.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent. filed
by the said James Buckingham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th September 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
BUCKINGHAM, of Westmoreland House, Walworth Common, in the County of
Surrey, Civil Engineer, sond greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said James Buckingham, Her special licence that I, the said
James Buckingham, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said James Buckingham, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DRAWING FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Buckingham, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of tho said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Buckingham, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement (that is to say) :-
1
This Invention relates to the covered rollers of preparing and spinning
machinery, or the rollers employed in drawing wool, cotton, and other fibrous
substances, which are covered with leather; and my improvements consist
in the use or application to the surface of such leather coverings of a varnish
or a solution of gutta percha, jiutuan, or other gum, which is non-soluble in oil
dissolved in turpentine, chloroform, benzole, naptha, or other suitable solvent,
and in some cases I use in combination a little india-rubber. By the appli-
cation of such varnish, the leather is rendered non-absorbent of oil, the surface
more suitable for the drawing of fibrous substances, requiring less pressure on
the top roller, consequently diminishing the motive power required for driving
the machinery.

page_text: In carrying this Invention into practice, I take care to free the surface of
such coverings from grease by any suitable solvent, also if applying this
Invention to covered rollers prepared with a glazed surface. I first remove
such glaze as much as possible by such solvents as are suitable according to the
nature of the material used to produce such glaze; in some cases it may be
soluble in water, in others in acid, and occasionally in alkaline solutions, con-
sequently when new leather is used, I prefer that it be without the ordinary
glaze. I apply the solution of gutta percha or other gum as a varnish or
covering by any suitable means such as the finger, or with a brush or other-
wise, and allow it to be absorbed by the surface of the leather, and dried by
evaporation of the spirit used to form the solution. Any number of coatings
may be applied as required; and when thick coatings are necessary, I apply
the solution to any polished surface, such as glass or other material, and allow
it to consolidate by evaporation, forming sheets, and then apply such sheets
to the surface of roller covers by means of the solution as a cement, and in
some cases where a glazed surface is required, by applying slight radiant heat
the surface will become glossed or polished. By the application of this
solution or varnish to the surface of leather it is rendered impervious to oil or
moisture; other gums non-soluble in oil may be used, but I have hitherto
found gutta percha to answer the purpose best.
Having thus fully described the nature of my Invention and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I would have it distinctly understood
that I do not confine myself to the exact means described; I claim as my
Invention the use and application to the surface of such roller coverings of a
varnish or solution of gutta percha, or other similar gum non-soluble in oil
dissolved in any suitable solvent, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Buckingham, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
JAMES BUCKINGHAM. (L.B.)
Signed, scaled, and delivered by the within-⚫
named James Buckingham, in the pre-
sence of
WN. TASKER,
Patent Agent, Halifax.