INTERLACING INTERLAYING
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Edwards, Emery Manufacturer, of
Bow, in the County of Middlesex, for the
PROVEMENTS IN INTERLACING AND INTERLAYING OF
Invention of " IM-
PAPERS WITH THREAD,
AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES, AND OTHER
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 28th October 1870, and dated the 7th July 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Edwards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th July 1870.
I, RICHARD EDWARDS, Emery Manufacturer, of Bow, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INTERLACING AND INTERLAYING OF PAPERS WITH THREAD, AND
THEIR APPLICATION TO THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES, AND OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to render papers durable by introducing
thread into them.

page_text: These operations I describe as follows:-One mode of doing this is
by taking a sheet of paper of the dimensions I require, and fold or goffer
it; this I do by means of a goffering machine on the fluted roller
principle, or by means of flat goffering by strips of metal or of strips of
wood of any given width being placed between the folds of the paper.
In either case I pierce the paper with sharp pointed instruments whilst
the
paper is held in the goffered state, the threads are introduced into
the holes so pierced, the paper is then ungoffered (opened out) the
threads remaining in the paper, the paper is then again goffered and
pierced, and threads introduced the transverse way, it is again un-
goffered (opened out); the sheet of paper so prepared is now smeared
over on both sides with flour paste or other gluten, and a sheet of
paper pasted on each side of it; the three sheets of paper so put
together are put into a screen or other press to make them adhere
together, and after a few minutes pressure are taken out and hung up
to dry, and are afterwards rolled or callendered. Papers so prepared I
use as a substitute for ordinary paper, strength and durability being
imparted to them by the introduction of thread.
Papers prepared according to foregoing description I term inter-
lacing.
The other mode on which I prepare papers for similar purposes I term
interlaying; this I do as follows:-I take a sheet of paper of any
dimensions I require, smear it over with flour paste or other gluten, and
interlay the threads upon the shed so smeared (without goffering or
piercing, as in the previously described operation). A second sheet of
paper is now smeared over with paste or gluten, and placed upon the
previously smeared sheet, and the threads whilst held at tension by means
of framework. The sheets are taken, pressed, dried, and rolled or
callendered.
In the former description three sheets of paper are required for the
operation, in the latter two sheets only. Any number of sheets of
paper may be added to give strength and durability, but it is desirable
that the threads should be kept in the centre of the sheets so added.
The threads in both cases may be used of any required thickness, and
placed at any given distance apart according to the strength required
for the purpose for which the papers so prepared are required to be
used.

page_text: The advantages of my Invention are, papers so prepared are durable,
and may be used for envelopes, and as an inexpensive substitute for.
canvas or other cloth for many purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Richard Edwards in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 6th January 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
EDWARDS, Emery Manufacturer, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Richard Edwards, Her special licence that
I, the said Richard Edwards, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Richard Edwards, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INTERLACING AND.
INTERLAYING OF PAPERS WITH THREAD, AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ENVELOPES, AND OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Richard Edwards, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said. Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Edwards, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the.
following statement :-

page_text: The object of my Invention is to render papers durable by introducing
thread into them.
These operations I describe as follows:-One mode of doing this is
by taking a sheet of paper of the dimensions I require, and fold or
goffer it; this I do by means of a goffering machine on the fluted
roller principle, or by means of flat goffering by strips of metal or of
strips of wood of any given width being placed between the folds of the
paper. In either case I pierce the paper with sharp pointed instruments
whilst the paper is held in the goffered state, threads are introduced into
the holes so pierced, the paper is then ungoffered (opened out) the
threads remaining in the paper, the paper is then again goffered and
pierced, and threads introduced the transverse way or otherwise, it
is again ungoffered (opened out); the sheet of paper so prepared is
now smeared over on both sides with flour paste or other gluten, and
a sheet of paper pasted on each side of it; the three sheets so put
together are put into a screw or other press to make them adhere
together, and after a few minutes pressure are taken out and hung up
to dry, and are afterwards rolled or callendered. Papers so prepared
are used as a substitute for ordinary papers, strength and durability
being imparted to them by the introduction of thread.
Papers prepared according to foregoing description I term inter-
lacing.
The other mode on which I prepare papers for similar purposes I
term interlaying; this I do as follows:-I take a sheet of paper of any
dimensions I require, smear it over with flour paste or other gluten, and
interlay the threads upon the sheet so smeared (without goffering or
piercing, as in the previously described operation); a second sheet of
paper is now smeared over with paste or gluten, and placed upon the
previously smeared sheet, and the threads introduced whilst held at
tension by means of framework; the sheets are then pressed, dried, and
rolled or callendered.
In the former description three sheets of paper are required for the
operation, in the latter two sheets only. Any number of sheets of paper
may be added to give strength and durability, but it is desirable that
the threads should be kept in the centre of the sheets so added. The
threads in both cases may be of any required thickness, and placed at
any given distance apart according to the strength required for the
purpose for which the papers so prepared are required to be used.

page_text: The advantages of my Invention are, papers so prepared are durable,
and may be used for envelopes, and as an inexpensive substitute for
canvas or other cloth for many purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Edwards, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
RICHARD EDWARDS. (L.S.)