IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOTHING FOR COVERING AND PROTECTING HORSES, CATTLE, AND OTHER DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Richardson, of Hyde Park, in the County
of Middlesex, Esquire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOTHING
FOR COVERING AND PROTECTING HORSES, CATTLE, AND OTHER DOMESTIC
ANIMALS."
Sealed the 28th April 1865, and dated the 2nd November 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Richardson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd November 1864.
I, ROBERT RICHARDSON, of Hyde Park, in the County of Middlesex,.
Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CLOTHING FOR COVERING AND PROTECTING HORSES, CATTLE, AND OTHER.
DOMESTIC ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of waterproof cloths, such as tarpaulin.
and other chemically prepared waterproof fabrics, in place of the sacking and.
other non-waterproof clothing which is now mostly used to cover horses and
cattle and other domestic animals which are exposed to the weather while
grazing or in open cattle folds. The said cloth or covering. is to be of such a
length that it will extend from the tail to over the shoulders of the animal,
and to such a distance on each side that any rain or water that may fall upon
it will not run on to the sides of the animal, but drop off on to the ground.
In order to keep the said cloths or coverings comfortably upon the animal's.
strings or cords. at each corner,, whereby they may be
back, I provide two

page_text: attached to each leg; a crupper may also be supplied, and if thought desirable
a girth may likewise be employed to assist for the same purpose. In order
to provide for due ventilation, I attach to the inside of the said cloth or
covering, by binding or other equivalent attachment, a number of ropes or
cords, say, two or three on each side running the length of the said cloth or
covering, the same to be of such thickness as to allow a free current of air to
pass between the cloth or covering and the animal's back. In place of cords
or ropes, and to render the cloth or covering lighter, I sometimes use indian-
_rubber tubing of suitable diameter, which being flexible is more comfortable
for the animal to lie down upon. By the use of such waterproof clothing
cattle are enabled to remain out longer and to a later period in the winter,
and are not so liable to pleuro-pneumonia and other pulmonary diseases to
which they are so fatally subject.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Richardson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd May 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
RICHARDSON, of Hyde Park, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Robert Richardson Her special licence that I, the said Robert Richard-
son, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Robert Richardson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CLOTHING FOR COVERING AND PROTECTING HORSES, CATTLE, AND OTHER DOMESTIC
ANIMALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert
Richardson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner tho
saine was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal

page_text: Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Richardson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention consists in the use of waterproof cloths or coverings, such as,
tarpaulin chemically prepared and other waterproof fabrics, in place of the
sacking and other non-waterproof cloths or coverings usually employed for the
purpose of covering and protecting horses, cattle, and other domestic animals
which are exposed to the weather while grazing or in open cattle folds. The.
said cloth or covering is to be of such length as to extend from the tail to a
little over the shoulders of the animal, and to such a distance down each side
that any rain or water that may fall upon it will not run on to the sides of
the animal, but drop off on to the ground. In order to keep the said cloths
or coverings comfortably upon the animal's back, I provide ropes or cords at
each corner, whereby they may be attached to each leg; a crupper may also
be employed for the same purpose. In order to provide for due ventilation,
I attach to the inside of the said cloths or coverings by binding, sewing, or
other suitable attachment a number of ropes or cords, say, two or three on
each side of the animal running the length of the said cloth or covering; the
said ropes or cords to be of such thickness as to allow a free current of air
to pass between the cloth or covering and the animal's back. In place of
cords or ropes, and to render the cloth or covering lighter, I sometimes uso
indian-rubber tubing of suitable diameter, which being flexible is more com-
fortable for the animal to lie down upon. By the use of such waterproof
clothing cattle are enabled to remain out longer and to a later period in the
winter, and are not so liable to pleuro-pneumonia and other pulmonary
diseases to which they are so fatally subject.
In order that my said Invention. may, be fully understood, I will now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the Figures on the Sheet of Drawings- accompanying this Specifi-
cation; the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts, Figures 1
and 2 being drawn to a scale of three-quarters of an inch to a foot, and
Figure 3 being full size.
In Figure 1, A represents my improved cloth or covering as applied to an
animal, with the mode of attachment, the ropes or cords c, c, passing round
the legs and fastening in knots to eyelet holes in the edge of the cloth or
covering; the knots being tied at the eyelet holes b', 6' are not so much in

page_text: the way when the animal lies down. C is a crupper, which may be used or
not as may be deemed advisable. Fig. 2 is a view of the under side of the
said cloth or covering, shewing the cords or ropes, or indian-rubber tubing R,
R, &c., of which there may be any convenient number, as for instance, 5 or 7,
running the length of the said cloth or covering, and attached at the ends
D, D, and at any convenient points b, b, to the said cloth or covering on the
outside by iron or copper wire passing through a leather button 1, Fig. 1.
The ends of the ropes or cords, R, R, &c., I prefer to secure in the manner
represented in section at Fig. 3, in which A is the tarpaulin or other water-
proof fabric herein-before described, and R is the rope passing into and ter-
minating in a small wooden tube T, and secured in its place by means of the
iron or copper wire W, which after passing through the leather washer or
button is secured on the outside by being twisted as shewn.
Having now fully described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I do
hereby claim as my Invention the application of waterproof clothing for
covering and protecting horses or other domestic animals, with arrangements
for ventilation, herein-before described and illustrated in the Drawings accom-
panying this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Richardson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
ROBERT RICHARDSON. (L.S.)
Witness,
CHARLES S. BAKER,
General Patent Compy., L.,
71, Fleet Street,
Agents.