IMPROVEMENTS IN BAD DREDDING SCOURING CRARRING STEAMING PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Wilson Morrell, of Bradford, in the County of
York, Merchant, and John Shaw, Belle Isle Dye Works, Wakefield, in the
aforesaid County, Dyer and Finisher, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BAD
DREDDING SCOURING CRARRING STEAMING
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Wilson Morrell and
John Shaw at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th
January 1881.
ROBERT WILSON MORRELL, of Bradford, in the County of York, Merchant, and
JOHN SHAW, Belle Isle Dye Works, Wakefield, in the aforesaid County, Dyer and
Finisher. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING,
SCOURING, CRABBING, STEAMING, TENTERING, DRYING, AND FINISHING Textile
FABRICS."
Our said Invention relates to the employment of a peculiarly constructed
machine or apparatus by which textile fabrics can be prepared, scoured, crabbed,
boiled, steamed, tentered, dried, and calendered by any one or portion of these
processes singly, or in combination according to the result desired to be produced
on the fabrics.
For this purpose we fix two upright cast iron frames at a given and required
distance according to the width of the cylinder employed; the frames are made
with openings and with recesses in which to fit brasses or small friction rollers in
which works a hollow shaft, and on which is secured a metal cylinder which is
made with projecting sides and flanges, over which is secured a metal casing
which is perforated with small holes; the casing is made the width of the cylinder,
and leaves a space between the top of the cylinder and the casing; on the hollow
shaft and on each side of the cylinder are fitted circular plates or discs which have
an in and out action on the shaft, and slide on keys fitted in the shaft; the discs
are actuated by screws which are cut on shafts or rods passing through the
cylinder;
the screws are right and left handed and are actuated by wheels, or by
band wheels, or gear. The discs are made with flanges on which work sliding

page_text: rings or segments, and which are by preference made of brass; the rings or
segments are actuated by wheel gear or by screwed rods worked by hand wheels;
in the brass rings or segments are secured the tenter hooks, so arranged that the
first row of hooks in the first ring or segments are brought in position to take the
required fabrics, and when the hooks in the rotating of the cylinder have been
filled up, the second row of hooks in the ring or segments are brought in position,
and the cylinder in revolving winds round the fabric and fills up the hooks; the
third, fourth, or other row of hooks are brought in operation in a similar manner
when the fabrics are being wound round the cylinder, and to press them down in the
hooks two small rollers are employed, which are covered either with india-rubber
on the rim or fitted with bristles; the rollers work in bearings made in arms
formed on levers which work on studs secured in brackets which are fixed to
the frames; the ends of the levers are fitted with moveable weights to give more
or less pressing power to the rollers.
When the fabrics have been wound round and pressed in the tenter hooks the
discs are drawn out by the gear to tenter the fabrics, or heated water is first
forced through the fabrics and they are tentered afterwards; guides are fitted to
the apparatus to guide the fabrics on the tenter hooks.
a
A wooden or metal trough is fitted under the cylinder in which is fitted
perforated steam pipe to boil up (when required) the water contained therein.
The top parts of the upright frames are made with slot openings in which work
blocks, and in which passes the shaft of an iron roller, which, when in use, is
covered with canvas or any other suitable fabric; the roller is employed for crabbing,
calendering, or finishing, or when any pressure is required, and to bring the roller
in action on the fabrics racks are employed, which are fitted on each side of the
roller and inside the framework; the racks are secured to the roller shaft and are
actuated by pinions fitted on the shaft, and in the centre of the shaft is secured a
half moon or quadrant to which is secured a chain which passes over a chain
pulley; the end of the chain is fitted with a hook or plate to place weights
thereon according to the required pressure to be placed on the fabrics; at the
back of the racks are fitted small friction rollers to guide the racks when in action,
and the frames are fitted with cuttlers arms and nip rollers for pulling off and
cuttling down, and the apparatus is fitted with brackets or standards having
bearers to carry the beam spits; also to allow of tentering with ease, or of any
other required operation requiring the cylinder to be secured in position, catches
are fitted on the sides of the frames, which, when required, are placed in guides
fitted to the cylinder, and the cylinder is actuated by wheel gear or by pullies and
belts.
One of the ends of the hollow shaft is made with a socket in which is fitted an
expansion joint, through which passes a pipe cast on a hollow column, which is so
constructed that either water, steam, or air can pass through it, and the top of the
column is fitted with a three way tap for the passage of cold and hot water and
steam, or separate pipes are used fitted with taps or valves; the bottom part of the
column is fitted with a two way tap for the passage of heated or cold air.
The beamed fabrics having been placed on a spit and in position in the standard
arms are passed over through the guides onto the tenter hooks of the row next the
cylinder, and which cylinder may be covered with canvas or any other suitable
material for padding; the cylinder is then put in action and the fabrics are passed
onto the tenter hooks and pressed thereon by the small rollers, covered with india-
rubber or provided with bristles, and when the first row of hooks are full the 5
second row is brought in position and the fabrics placed and pressed in the books,
and the other circles and hooks are brought up in a similar manner until all the
fabrics to be operated on are placed and pressed on the hooks. The discs are then
actuated either before or after passing hot water or cold water through the fabrics,
according to requirements, and the fabrics (by the discs being forced out) are 5
tentered. The three way top tap, or one of the three separate taps fitted to pipes
is turned on to admit either cold or hot water, but hot water would be generally

page_text: used, and the water under pressure is forced through the hollow shaft up a pipe or
pipes into the hollow top between the cylinder and the casing, and through the
perforated small holes and through the fabrics, and is discharged into the cistern
fitted under the cylinder. In some cases the water is kept boiling by means of the
perforated steam pipe fitted in the cistern, and the water is kept at a limited level
and discharged through a tap when not required. The cylinder is kept rotating
during part or the whole of the time until the operation is finished. The hot
water tap is then closed and the steam tap opened and steam passed through the
fabrics; the top roller may also be used, much depending upon the description of
the goods operated on. When the fabrics have been steamed and a sufficient time
has elapsed the air tap or valve, either hot or cold, is opened, and the heated or
cold air is forced through the small holes in the casing and through the fabrics.
Water, heated or cold, and steam can in many cases be used, without bringing
the cast iron roller in contact with the fabrics. When the heated or cold air has
sufficiently operated on the fabrics the tap or valve is closed and the cylinder
reversed to pull off into cuttle or onto beams as required.
The machine or apparatus can be employed either for fabrics in the grey or after
they are dyed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Robert Wilson Morrell and John Shaw in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 15th July 1881.
ROBERT WILSON MORRELL, of Bradford, in the County of York, Merchant, and
JOHN SHAW, Belle Isle Dye Works, Wakefield, in the aforesaid County, Dyer and
Finisher. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING,
SCOURING, CRABBING, STEAMING, TENTERING, DRYING, AND FINISHING TEXTILE
FABRICS."
The said Invention relates to the employment of peculiarly constructed
machinery or apparatus by which textile fabrics can be prepared, scoured,
crabbed, boiled, steamed, tentered, and dried, singly or in combination, according
to the result desired to be produced on the fabrics.
For this purpose we fix two upright cast iron frames at a given and required
distance, and according to the length of the cylinder employed. The bottom parts of
the frames are fitted with brasses or with small friction rollers, in which works a
hollow shaft on which is secured a metal cylinder made with projecting sides and
flanges, over which is secured a metal casing perforated with small holes; the
casing is made the length of the cylinder, an annular space being left between the
cylinder and the casing; on the hollow shaft and at each end of the cylinder are
fitted circular plates or discs, which have an in and out action on the shaft and
slide on keys fitted in the shaft; the plates or discs are actuated by left and right
handed screws cut on shafts or rods which pass through the interior of the
cylinder; these screws may be moved either by hand wheels or by other suitable
mechanism to cause them to revolve in any required direction either during the
revolution of the cylinder or when the cylinder is at rest. On the circumference
of the outer casing of the cylinder and at each end are fitted a series of rings or
segments made by preference of brass and fitted with hooks; the hooks at one end
of the cylinder face the hooks at the other end, so that any material which may
be wrapped round the cylinder will have the hooks through its edges or lists; the
rings or segments are moved outward or inward by the plates or discs and the said
rings and hooks may be arranged in tiers, so that only a given quantity of the
material enwrapped will be held by one tier of hooks, or the first ring and hooks
are brought in position to take the required fabrics or material, and when the
hooks by the rotation of the cylinder have been filled up the second tier of hooks
in the second ring or segments is brought into position and the revolving cylinder
winds the fabrics round and fills up the said second tier of hooks, and so on for the
third, fourth, or more rings or segments and hooks, or a suitable arrangement may
be used, which consists in having each ring composed of twelve segments, each
segment to be fitted with pins on the edge; the other edge of each segment is
made with two slot holes for moving the segment to the required position, and the
segment is held in position by studs fixed in the circumference of the end plates or
disc, and the slot holes are so arranged that when in position for holding the fabric
or material they are held by the studs, and the segments in the tiers of plates
above can be drawn back on the studs, that is to say, when the end draw plates
are close up at each end of the cylinder the tier of plates next to the circumference
of the cylinder is pushed into position, the upper tiers are kept back until the
pins on the under segments are filled up with material or fabrics as the cylinder
revolves, and the segments kept back are clear of the material; the next upper
tier is then pushed into position, a segment at each time, and prepared to receive
more material on the pins, and the pins of the upper tiers are between the pins of
the lower tiers, and the edges of the plates or segments are either made with holes or
serrated and are made to receive the pins in the lower tier of plates; when sufficient
material has been wound on the cylinder the draw plates or discs are actuated and
moved asunder, thereby tentering or stretching the fabrics, or the plates or discs may

page_text: remain stationary if required. The draw plates or discs may be moved outward
and inward by any suitable gear instead of by left and right hand screws, or they
may be actuated by a cylinder whose piston may be moved by steam, air, or water.
The studs are fitted with a series of spiral springs, that is to say, a spring between
each tier of plates on each stud; or we may employ a series of lengths or strips of
metal having pins or hooks on one of the edges and a series of long slot holes in
the length of the other edges, and the strips could be run on with the material,
being wrapped round the cylinder; or a strip may be employed for every fold of
material, or a strip to several folds, and the outer edges of the strips be placed on
suitably arranged pins on the end draw plates or discs, which could remain
stationary or be drawn out or in as required.
Or an arrangement of pins for tentering, stretching, or holding the fabrics or
material may be arranged to protrude gradually through the circumference of rings
connected with the discs during the wrapping on of the pieces or fabrics, or they
may be so arranged that when the fabrics or materials are wrapped on up to the
total thickness required, the pins may be pushed or forced through such- total
thickness, or they can be so arranged as to come down and be passed or driven
through the thickness of the piece or fabric and into a base of cork, this base of
cork and the upper parts of the pins being connected with the draw plates or
discs. When the fabrics are being wound on the cylinder, and to press them down
on to the hooks or pins, one or two small rollers are employed, which are covered
either with india rubber or fitted with bristles; the roller or rollers works or work
in bearers formed on hanging down levers of straight levers; one end of each of
these levers is made with openings through which passes a rod which works in lugs
cast on the end frames; the other ends of the levers are fitted with moveable
weights to give more or less pressing power to the roller or rollers.
When the fabrics or materials have been wound on to the cylinder and
pressed on to the tenter hooks or pins, the plates or discs are actuated and drawn
out to tenter or stretch the pieces; this operation may be performed either before
heated water is forced through the perforated casing and pieces, or after or during
any of the operations, or the pins or hooks may be kept stationary for the purpose
of keeping the fabrics stretched to the width the pieces were when placed on the
hooks or pins. A wooden or metal trough is fitted under the cylinder in which is
fitted a perforated steam pipe by which to heat or boil the water contained therein
when required. The top parts of the side frames are made with guides or slot
openings, in which work blocks through which are passed the ends of a shaft on
which is fitted a cast iron roller; this roller is employed for crabbing or finishing
or when pressure is required, and to bring the roller in action on the fabrics racks
are employed, cast on the tops of the blocks and fitted on each side of the roller
and inside the framework; the racks are actuated by pinions fitted on a shaft
extending across the apparatus; the pinions are actuated by a spur wheel worked
by a pinion actuated by a hand wheel fitted on the pinion stud; on the shaft of
the pinions working the racks are fitted chain wheels or grooved pulleys, or the
shaft may be fitted with half moons or quadrants to which are passed or secured
chains, having hooks or plates to allow of placing weights thereon according to the
pressure required to be placed on the fabrics operated on, and at the back of the
racks are fitted small friction rollers to guide the racks when in action. The frames
are fitted with cutler arms and nip rollers for pulling off and cuttling down; the
side frames carry the beam spits, and a guide bar is fitted between the spit bearers
and the cylinder to guide the fabrics on the tenter hooks or pins; and we may fit
catches on the side of the frames, which when required are placed in guides fixed to
the cylinder sides, by which means we are enabled to tenter with ease, or carry on
any operation requiring the cylinder to be secured in position for a time; the
cylinder is actuated by a pulley or belt or by wheel gear.
One of the ends of the hollow shaft is made with a socket in which is fitted an
expansion joint through which passes a pipe fitted with taps or valves, so that water
or other liquid, steam, gas, or air can be made to pass into the hollow shaft either

page_text: combined or separately, and from the hollow shaft by suitable pipes into the
annular space and through the perforations, and through the fabrics or material
operated on.
The beamed fabrics having been placed on a spit and in position, are passed-
under the guide bar on to the tenter hooks or pins of the first tier or plates or
segments, and in the tier next to the cylinder, which cylinder may be covered with
canvas for padding; the cylinder is then made to revolve and the fabrics passed
onto the tenter hooks or pins, and pressed thereon by the roller or rollers covered
with india rubber or bristles, and when the first row of hooks or pins is full the
second tier or row is brought into position, and the fabrics placed and pressed onto
the hooks or pins, and the other tier or tiers of plates or segments is or are brought
up in a similar manner until all the fabrics to be operated on are wound on to
the cylinder and pressed on to the hooks or pins; the plates or discs may be then
drawn asunder either before or after passing hot or cold water through the fabrics,
or during any of the operations, and according to requirements, and the fabrics by
the discs being drawn asunder are stretched and tentered, or the fabrics may
remain at the original width at which the cloth was when placed upon the hooks
or pins. An arrangement of taps or valves is fitted to the pipe connected to the
hollow shaft, by which either cold or hot water or other liquid, steam, gas, or air
may be turned on and passed through the pieces, but hot water would be generally
used. The water or other liquid, steam, gas, or air is forced through the hollow
shaft up and through pipes into the annular space in the cylinder, and through the
perforated small holes and through the fabrics or material and discharged into
the cistern or trough fitted under the cylinder, and in some cases the water in the
cistern or trough is kept boiling by means of the perforated steam pipe, and
the water is kept at a limited level and discharged through a tap or plug when
not required. The cylinder is kept rotating during part or the whole of the time
until the required operation or operations is or are finished; the top roller may
also be used during any of the operations either during part or the whole of the
time as may be required by the particular kind of goods being treated or the
result desired to be obtained.
Instead of using forcing apparatus for forcing liquids or fluids through the
fabrics required to be treated as herein described, or if preferred in the opposite
direction equivalent suction apparatus may be employed, as will by well under-
stood by persons acquainted with apparatus of the kind herein referred to.
The pieces or fabrics are run from a beam on to the perforated cylinder until
the desired quantity is wound on, and during the winding on the lists or edges on
each side of the fabrics are pressed on to the hooks or pins; the fabrics are then
enclosed in canvas or any other suitable material and water is afterwards forced
through the hollow shaft, annular space, and small holes into and through the
pieces or fabrics, falling from there into the cistern or trough fitted under the
cylinder, and during this operation the water in the cistern or trough can be kept
boiling; the fabric or goods can remain at the width as placed on the hooks or
pins, or be stretched or tentered as may be desired either before or during the
forcing of the water through the pieces and during the boiling of the water in
the cistern or trough. The supply of hot or cold water is then stopped and steam
is forced through the pieces or fabrics, and during this operation the cylinder can
be either revolved or stationary according to requirements, also the stretching
and tentering may be performed during the operation of steaming, or the fabrics
may be left the width originally placed on the hooks or pins. When the steaming
is finished the steam is turned off and hot or cold air or gases can be passed
through the pieces or fabrics.
་
We have here referred to the best form of construction that will be found most
advantageous for carrying into effect our improvements, but it is obvious that the
machinery may be modified in various ways, and some parts of it may be employed
with old machinery of ordinary construction, such as is now in use, and will
enable such old machinery to produce improved results.

page_text: In order to enable our improvements to be better understood we will proceed to
describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which
Figure 1 represents a side elevation of our improved machine or apparatns with
a section of the cistern or trough; Figure 2, sectional front elevation of the same;
Figure 3 represents sectional parts of the cylinder and disc with the arrangement
of hooks for stretching or tentering; and Figure 4, side view of part of the same;
Figure 5 represents sectional parts of the cylinder and dises with the arrangement
of pins and segment plates; Figure 6, plan of a segment plate with pins and holes ;
and Figure 7, plan of a segment plate with pins and serrations; Figure 8 represents
sectional parts of the cylinder and disc with the arrangement of segment plates
and guides fitted with pins; Figure 9 plan of a segment plate. Similar letters of
reference are used to represent similar parts. A, A, are the frames having recesses
in which are fitted the brasses B in which works the hollow shaft C made with
projecting parts D, on which are secured the plates E, fitted and bolted to the
flanges F cast in the inside of the cylinder G, and which secures the cylinder to the
hollow shaft C. The cylinder is made with circular projecting ends H and circular
flanges I, and to the flanges is secured by screws the metal drum or casing J,
perforated round the circumference with small holes K, and an annular space Lis
left between the outside diameters of the cylinder and the underside of the drum
or casing. To the hollow shaft C are connected pipes M, which pass into the
interior of the cylinder, and are connected to the annular space; the pipes are
made with joints N. One of the ends of the hollow shaft C is made with a stuffing
box O, in which is fitted a pipe P, having branch pipes Q. The stuffing box is
fitted with a gland R, by which to secure the packing in the box. The pipes
fitted to the branch pipes Q are fitted with taps or valves, so that water or other
liquid, steam, gas, or air, either combined or separate, can be made to pass into the
hollow shaft, and thence into the annular space L and through the perforated drum
into and through the fabrics or materials being operated on.
On the projecting parts D of the hollow shaft are fitted the draw plates or discs S,
which work on feathers or keys fitted in the shaft, and the discs are made with
bosses T, and have flanges U and U¹. On the flanges U work the brass rings V,
made with projecting plates W, or the rings V may be made in segments, or
segment plates may be employed. The rings, segments, and plates are fitted with
tenter hooks or pins, as hereinafter explained.
The discs S are actuated or moved outward or inward by the right and left
handed screws X, cut on rods Y. The screws work in brasses Z, cut with screw
threads, and the brasses are secured in bosses A¹ cast on the sides of the discs. The
rods Y also work in guides B', which are cast or secured in the inside of the
cylinder. The screwed rods Y are actuated by the hand wheels C¹ secured on the
ends of the rods, and each rod and screw can be actuated at the same time by
means of the pinion D' fitted on each rod. By turning a hand wheel the pinion
secured on the rod of the hand wheel communicates movement to a spur wheel E¹
fitted loosely on the hollow shaft C. The spur wheel actuates the other pinions D',
and consequently the screwed rods Y, each rod actuating the discs at the same
time. The discs may be actuated by any other suitable gear, or by a small
cylinder whose piston may be moved by steam, air, or water.
The hollow shaft and cylinder may be worked by a spur wheel F¹, which is
fitted on one end of the shaft, the spur wheel being actuated by a pinion fitted on
a cross shaft G₁ working in a bearing fitted in a frame H¹. On the shaft G¹ are
secured or fitted pulleys 1' actuated by a belt. On the outer circumference of the
drum or casing J are fitted the series of rings, segments, or plates, in which are
secured hooks or pins, and which enter the list or selvage of the fabrics or materials,
wrapping round the cylinder when the apparatus is in action. Other suitable
arrangements such as the following may be employed
--
Firstly. The arrangement shewn in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
Drawing, and also in Figures 3 and 4 (drawn to an enlarged scale). In this
arrangement the discs are made with top circular flanges U¹ and openings J¹. Six

page_text: rings V are employed, fitted one over the other, and round the ends are fitted
tenter hooks L'. The hooks are secured in position in the rings by the sectional
plates M, and the rings are made with projecting pieces W, having slot holes O¹,
through which pass studs P¹ secured in the flanges U and U¹ of the discs. The
projecting pieces W of each ring are placed on alternate studs, as shewn, that is to
say, the ring No. 1 on the outside circumference of the drum or casing J has the
projecting pieces W between the projecting pieces of the ring No. 2, and so on with
the other rings employed alternately; or, instead of the herein before described
rings, we sometimes employ rings composed of a number of segments, and the
segments are made with projecting pieces having slot holes similar to those herein-
before described, or with slot holes without projections.
When the fabrics or materials are to be wound round the cylinder the draw
plates or discs S are set according to the width of the fabrics or material to be
operated on. The ring or segments of the ring on the drum or casing J is or are
pushed out into position by means of a hook which is passed into one of the holes
made in the projecting pieces W, or into a hole made in the projecting piece of a
segment, or in a segment. The other rings or segments are kept back to clear the
fabrics or material from the other hooks. When the hooks of No. 1 ring are filled
up with the fabrics or material, No. 2 ring or segments of a ring is or are pushed into
position, and the hooks receive the fabrics or material, and the rings Nos. 3, 4, 5,
and 6 (or other number of rings employed) are operated in a similar manner until
the whole of the fabrics or materials have been placed on the hooks.
Secondly. The arrangement shewn in Figures 5, 6, and 7 of the Drawing. In
this case pins R¹ are fitted in segment plates S¹ fitted with pins T¹ and holes V'
for guiding the segments to the required position. The segment plates are made
with slot holes O', through which pass studs P¹ secured in the flanges U of the
discs. The plates are kept to the required height by spiral springs W₁ fitted over
the studs P and between each plate, and guards Q₁ having holes only and no pins
are employed. The guards hold the pins of the segments or plates below in position,
so that when the top pressure roller N2 is brought into action the pins will not give ;
the guards also serve to strengthen the pins during the pulling out motion, and the
plates can be made with holes X₁ and with raised up parts Z¹ and holes to let the
pins T slide over them to bring the plates into position and allow the pins T¹ to
fall into the holes when the holes X¹ are over the pins R¹. The pins are then in the
required position to receive the fabrics or materials, or the plates or segments can be
made with serrated edges Y' for the passage of the pins of the tier below.
Thirdly. The segments or plates may be made with raised up parts Z¹ and also
with holes as herein before described, and the plates are made with (or without) tail
ends or projecting-pieces A having slot holes O¹, through which pass studs P¹
secured in the flanges U and U¹ of the discs and with spiral springs W₁; the plates
are made with holes X' and also with holes B2 to receive a hook to draw out or
push in the plates according to requirements.
Fourthly. We may employ a continuous metal band or a series of lengths of metal
strips having pins or hooks, as hereinbefore described.
Fifthly. Or we employ pins so arranged as to protrude gradually through the
circumference of rings connected with the discs during the wrapping of the fabrics
or material round the cylinder.
Sixthly. Or when the fabrics are wrapped round the cylinder the pins may be
pushed or forced through the fabrics or material, or be driven through from the top
into a bed of cork. Instead of using hooks or needles or pins for holding the
fabrics as herein referred to equivalent holding apparatus may in some cases be
employed.
When the fabrics are being wound on the cylinder to press them on to the hooks
or pins a small roller C² is employed, which is covered either with india rubber or
canvas or is fitted with bristles; the roller is fitted in hanging down levers D² formed
on the levers E³ fitted on a small shaft working in lugs cast on the side of one of
the frames A. The levers E2 are fitted with weights F, which can be slid on the

page_text: levers E³ according to requirements, and when the fabrics or materials have been
wound on the cylinder and pressed on to the hooks or pins the discs or draw
plates S are allowed to remain stationary or actuated and drawn out to stretch and
tenter the fabrics or materials. This operation may be performed either before
heated water is forced through the fabrics or material, or after or during any part
of the operation. A trough 'G2 is fitted under the cylinder to catch any water
passed through the fabrics or material, and also to boil when required any water
contained therein, and for this purpose a perforated steam pipe having a tap is
fitted in the trough or cistern, and the bottom part of the trough or cistern is fitted
with friction rollers H2 and with a plug or tap I³ to discharge any water or liquid
contained therein.
The tops of the frames A are made with guides J2, in which work guide blocks K²
formed or fitted on the ends of racks L2. Through the guide blocks is fitted a
shaft M², on which is fitted a cast iron pressure roller N2, and the pressure roller is
employed for crabbing and finishing, or when any pressure is required to bring the
roller into action pinions 0% are employed fitted on a shaft U2, which extends
across the apparatus. The pinions 0% actuate the racks L³, and the pinions are
actuated by a spur wheel P2 worked by a pinion Q³ fitted on a stud R² working in
a bearer S secured to the frame A. On the stud R2 is fitted a hand wheel T2 by
which to turn the pinion. On the shaft U³ are fitted chain wheels V2 or grooved
pulleys or half moons or quadrants, on which are passed chains having hooks or
plates on which to place weights according to the required pressure to be placed on
the fabrics or material operated on, and at the back of the racks are fitted small
friction rollers W² to guide the racks L². The frames A are fitted with cuttler
arms X and with nip rollers Y2 for the purpose of pulling off and cuttling.
down.
Bands may be used which are passed over the edges of the fabrics when the
cylinder has received the fabrics or material, which bands are tightly pressed down
to prevent any steam escaping through the fabrics or material passing to the hooks
or pins.
Having thus described our improvements, and the best means we are acquainted
with for carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that we do
not confine ourselves to the precise details shewn and described, as they may be
varied without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention, but what we
do claim is,
Firstly. The combination of parts forming the improved machine or apparatus
for preparing, scouring, crabbing, steaming, tentering, drying, and finishing textile
fabrics, operating substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings or any mere modification
thereof.
Secondly. The use for the purpose of scouring or crabbing fabrics of the
subordinate combination of parts employed for forcing or drawing water or other
liquids or fluids through the said fabrics, substantially as described.
Thirdly. The use for the purpose of tentering or holding textile fabrics in position
during the operations of scouring, crabbing, or steaming of the subordinate
combination of parts employed with that object, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Shaw, for and on behalf of myself and
the said Robert Wilson Morrell, have hereto set my band and seal, this
Thirteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
JOHN SHAW. (L.S.)