Improvements in Machinery for Weaving Coir Yarn Mats.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 5th June, 1894-Accepted, 8th Sept., 1894
CUMI LELE
Improvements in Machinery for Weaving Coir Yarn Mats.
I EDWARD HODDER, Engineer of 75 Sunderland Road, Forest Hill, London, S.E.
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
•
My invention relates to improvements in machinery tor weaving coir yarn mats,
and has for its object to further improve the loom described in the Specification of
the Letters Patent No. 5062 of the year 1889 granted to me and to Richard Swain.
According to my improvements the warp threads are no more passed through
eyelets at the upper end of cords attached to the healds and are no more fed by the
motion of the latter, but the two sets of threads pass over two large and under two
small rollers the former of which are loosely mounted upon the axes upon which
the heald-levers oscillate. The warp threads are drawn from these rollers by two
superposed sets of pull-off rollers arranged in front of the grid, one roller of each
set being driven by chain gearing, and the other acting as a friction roller.
The healds are operated in the same manner as set forth in the said former
Specification.
The picking mechanism remaius likewise unaltered.
In the formation of the thrums or pile of the mat I have introduced a number of
improvements.
In the first instance I dispense with the thrum yarn feeding rollers and replace
them by a feeding clip arranged like these rollers, (for which it acts as a substitute)
at the back of the loom. This clip is moved frontwards by the rear inner tube
plate hereinafter more fully referred to and is raised and lowered by mechanism
independent of the said plate and comprising a set of levers and a set of connecting-
rods actuated by a cam mounted on the shaft carrying the carrier discs.
I also introduce in the horizontal passages for the yarn described in the former
Specification, a number of fixed outer tubes secured to a plate and serving as guides
for a corresponding number of inner tubes likewise fixed to a plate which together
with the former plate are moved forward and backward by two levers mounted on a
shaft and connected by two rods fixed to the rear inner tube plate, these two plates
having moreover an automatic relative motion imparted by two sets of levers each
of which is secured to a roller moving in suitable guides fixed to the inner sides of
the thrum-box.
I have also devised a special form of front clip actuated by racks gearing with
teeth cut into a horizontal shaft which is driven by chain-wheels from the plunger
discs, this clip being allowed to drop down upon the yarn and hold it tight in order
to allow the feeding clip to be raised and the tubes to recede, when the knife, which
acts in the manner described in the former Specification, descends and cuts off a
suitable length of yarn whereupon the front clip is raised at the same time as the
plunger comes down to operate in the manner described in the above mentioned
Specification in order to form the U-shaped pile threads or thrums.
My improvements extend further to the carrier guides and consist in connecting
to the carrier a pilot or divider which is pushed forward by the latter for the
purpose of opening the chain-threads ready for the reception of the thrums brought
up by the said carrier behind.
I also provide mechanism for stopping the thrum-yarn_feeding-clip while the
finished mats are being drawn forward through the pull off rollers in order to be
detached by merely cutting through the chain threads.
In the four sheets of accompanying drawings wherein like letters of reference

page_text: indicate corresponding parts throughout the figures, Fig. 1. Sheet 1 is a back view,
Fig. 2. Sheet 2 is a side view and Fig. 3 Sheet 3 is a central vertical section
respectively of my improved loom. I have only shown in these figures the parts
connected directly with the improvements forming the object of this invention, and
I bave moreover omitted all the parts connected with the picking mechanism.
Sheet 4. illustrates a number of details, wherein :
Fig. 1. is a sectional view showing the arrangement for imparting a different
relative motion to the inner and outer tube-plates.
Fig. 2. is an end view of the feeding-clip, Fig. 24 shows the connection between
the rear inner tube-plate and the clip, and Fig. 2B is an end view of the lever used
-for-raising and lowering the clip.
Fig. 3. shows one end of the thrum-box and illustrates the method of actuating the
feeding clip, Fig. 4. being a part of an end view of the same.
Fig. 5 is a detail having reference to the mode of lifting the feeding-clip.
Fig. 6. shows the connection of the divider-rod with the carrier-bar, Figs. 7 and 8
show the connection of the ends of the carrier and of the divider respectively with
the guides fixed to the inner sides of the thrum box:
Fig. 9. is a part of the plan of the front grid with pull-off rollers and means for
adjusting them, the driving mechanism of the spike roller being omitted, Fig. 9ª is a
side view of the grid proper.
Fig. 10 is a detail showing the connection of the lower and outer frame with one
of the channel-irons forming the top frame.
The warp yarn y (Fig. 3) (Sheet 3) coming from the bobbins at the back of the
loom, passes through the rollers r, and is wound alternately over the large
rollers R and R¹ and the rods or rollers r¹ and descending subsequently upon the
guides (Fig. 9 Sheet 4.) to form the warp threads, each alternate row of which is
lifted in turn by one of the healds or fixed at one end of the levers L° L*
fulcrumed on the axes u on which the rollers R R are loosely mounted the latter
taking up sufficient yarn to allow for the lift of the heald.
The healds are operated by long connecting-rods attached at their lower
ends to treadles carrying cam-rollers alternately depressed by a cam mounted
on the shaft S2 as clearly shown in the drawings annexed to my said former
Specification.
As one lever L is depressed the other is raised with the corresponding healds and
warp threads.
The yarn y used for making the tufts, thrums or pile, is led from suitable bobbins
through a perforated plate O into the inner tubes t fixed to a plate p and moving
within the outer tubes t' fixed to the tube plate p¹ (Fig. 1 Sheet 4).
These plates are moved to and fro in the following manner :
Near both ends of the back edge of the tube plate p, is pivoted one end of a
lever arm a the other end of which is pivoted to one extremity of another lever
arm a the other extremity of which terminates with a boss and is mounted on a
shaft A carrying two sprocket-wheels w w¹ over which pass the chains c c¹ fixed to
the extremities of the treadles T T', so that an alternate motion is imparted to the
tube plates p and p¹ which are thus moved to and fro, these treadles carrying
rollers upon which act the cams c³ mounted on the shaft S².
The tube plates p and p¹ are each provided on their under side and at each end
with a heel-piece 6 connected to the outer ends of two lever-arms a² a³ the inner
ends of which are fixed to a roller o² moving within a channel-iron guide g fixed to
the inner sides of the thrum-box B (Fig. 1 Sheet 4). This guide forms a rect-
angular path terminating in front with a cup-shaped hollow part so that at the end
of each forward motion of the tube-plate p the roller drops in that hollow part and
the inner tubet passes into the outer tube t' and carries forward the yarn fed
therein by the back or feeding-clip, the movement of the plate p¹ being meanwhile
slackened. This feeding-clip (Fig. 1 Sheet 1, and Fig. 2 Sheet 4.) is connected to
the tube-plate p by means of the slotted bracket or guides g¹ in the slots whereof
move the projections at the ends of the clip (Fig. 2ª Sheet 4).

page_text: The clip is surmounted by two sets of pins between which are arranged the
slotted levers L L' in such a manner that the horizontal pins may move freely
in the slots of the said levers. The counter-shaft D carries at one end a slotted
lever-arm a jointed to a connecting-rod likewise jointed to another slotted
lever L2 pivoted to the frame F and carrying a roller o³ moving upon the outer
periphery of a disc d furnished with a crescentic notch, so that at each revolution
of this disc the roller drops in the notch and the clip falls down, being assisted in
its fall by the simultaneous action of the spiral-spring/fixed to the arm f¹ mounted
on the shaft D and to the circular headed pin 2 screwed into the tapped ring f³
which is screwed to the side of the frame F.
The clip moves upon the guide-bar (Fig. 2 Sheet 4). Upon the shaft D is
also mounted a lever L³ fixed at its free end to another lever L' terminating with
a finger-piece moving loosely upon the bolt F' when the mat is being woven
(Figs. 1 and 3) (Sheets 1 & 3) but bearing firmly against a stationary projection
when the handle i is pushed for the purpose hereunder set forth.
The upper end of the lever L is jointed to a connecting-rod attached to
another similar rod, guided through suitable brackets fixed to the thrum-box and
to the upright or heald guide n'; this rod extends along the side of the loom to
the front thereof where it is terminated by a handle i by pushing which the motion
of the clip will be stopped, the tuft yarn will cease to be fed and the pile to be.
woven the finished length of mat can then be drawn right off the loom through
the adjustable tension or pull-off rollers R2 and R³ the former of which is provided
with pointed teeth and actuated by chain-gearing while the latter is smooth (as
shown in Fig. 9 Sheet 4) and turns loosely.
This figure is a plan of the grid G, detached, k showing the. two ends of the
U-shaped tufts inserted under each warp-thread y (Fig. 94); the front of this grid
consists of a number of rectangular bars or guides arranged correspondingly to
those at the back of the grid both being horizontal on the top but slant under-
neath to receive the blades of the pilot or divider and of the carrier behind as they
are both moved up to carry the thrums up the grid. The distance between the
rollers R2 aud R can be regulated by the screws R' (Fig. 9 Sheet 4) or in any
other suitable manner. M is the mat.
In the loom described in my previous Specification hereinbefore referred to, the
plungers came down to form the U-shaped tufts immediately after the knife had
cut off the predetermined lengths of yarn.
While retaining this arrangement I have now added a clip having for its object
to hold the yarn down so as to allow the tubes to recede and the knife to descend
and operate, this clip being raised as the plungers come down, to form the tufts.
(Figs. 3 and 4. Sheet 4 and Figs. 2 and 24 Sheet 2).
This clip P has the form of a U-shaped hollow bar (Figs. 3 and 4 Sheet 4)
moving upon the guide 9 and bearing on the yarn; it is connected by pins of at
each end to a long rod 2. The upper end of this rod has the form of a rack and
is jointed to a frame 13 suspended to the shaft so that this rack may gear with
corresponding teeth cut in the said shaft.
The latter is carried by the inner side plates p' of the thrum-box B and its
reduced ends carry a chain or band pulley 1; over which passes a chain attached
to a long rod fixed to the end of two treadles T2, carrying each a roller o* acted
upon by the plunger discs 18 on the shaft S² one of which is cut out or recessed in
the manner shown while the other has a corresponding enlargement, as shown in
dotted lines in Fig. 2 (Sheet 2) so as to impart an alternate up and down motion to
the chain and with it to the clip P the enlargement pulling the clip down and the
recess allowing it to go up again.
When the thrum yarn feeding mechanism is stopped by pushing the handle i as
above described, it is necessary that the clip P should be kept raised to prevent an
undue drag on the thrum yarn. For this purpose I have designed the mechanism
shown in Fig. 2 and in Fig. 24 (Sheet 2) the latter of which is a vertical section at
an enlarged scale on line ac of the former figure. e is a lever fulcrumed upon the

page_text: roller axis u and carrying a stud e¹ with which can engage the lever arm e² mounted
on the shaft carrying the pulley 1. The lever e carries an auxiliary pulley e³,
while another pulley e is fixed to the outer surface of the inner frame. Upon the
rod is mounted a boss es provided with a pin e whereby the lever e is moved to
-one side when the handle is pushed and enough chain is let off to prevent the
enlargement of the cam 18 pulling the clip down.
The carrier arrangement designed according to my present improvements does
not differ materially from that described in my previous Specification; the only
-differences are that it is somewhat differently operated and that I provide moreover
a pilot or divider shewn generally in-Eig. 3 (Sheet 3) and in detail in Fig. 8
.Sheet 4. This divider M' consists like the carrier m of a row of teeth or blades m²
inserted in a base m³ fixed to a bottom plate m* having reduced ends whereto are
attached two rollers m allowing the divider to run on the lower flange g of the
slant lateral guides Q while the carrier slides on the upper flange 9 of the same
guide. The lower flange g¹ ends in front with a deep curve which allows the
divider to drop down after it has opened the warp threads at the top of the guides,
out of the way of the carrier which brings the tufts up into the warp.
The divider is connected at the back by two rods g² to the two carrier bars m*
which are attached to levers s pivoted on a common axis s¹ and actuated by
connecting-rods s² secured at one end to these levers and at the other end to a
crank pin of the discs V mounted on the rearmost shafts St.
Motion is imparted by the main shaft S to the shaft S¹ with the aid of the
pinion w and the toothed-wheel w¹; the shaft S¹ imparts a motion to the shaft S
through the pinion w² and the toothed wheel w³.
Motion is further imparted from the shaft S² to the shaft S3 and from the shaft S³
to the shaft S by means of wheel w³ and the pinion w¹ and of the toothed wheel w
and the pinion we respectively.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In looms for weaving coir yarn mats, the arrangement of a clip for feeding
the yarn into the inner tubes in combination with mechanism for raising and
lowering such clip substantially as herein described and shown.
2. In looms for weaving coir yarn mats the arrangement of a number of inner
and outer tubes fixed to two corresponding plates in combination with mechanism
for moving the inner rear tube plate to and fro and for moving forward the feeding
clip above claimed substantially as herein described and shown.
3. In looms for weaving coir yarn mats the mechanism for imparting a different
relative motion to the two tubes plates substantially as herein described and shown.
4. In looms for weaving coir yarn mats the arrangement of a front clip for
holding down the yarn fed by the inner tubes in order to allow them to recede
before the knife severs the predetermined lengths of yarn, in combination with
mechanism for driving same substantially as herein described and shown.
5. The improvements in coir yarn mat weaving looms constructed arranged and
operating substantially as herein described and shown.
Dated this 5th day of June 1894
HUGHES, SON & Co.,
38, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.