Year: 1894

page_text: I, EMILE ORVAL, of 29 Rue Rubens, Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to drying-kilns.
A drying-kiln constructed according to my said invention may be arranged with
two floors having an open fire, that is to say the hot gases from the furnace coming
in contact with the material to be dried.
This improved kiln comprises the following parts:
A furnace or source of heat of any kind.
A casing for this furnace which is provided with air registers..
A chimney for the furnace.
A central chimney designed for the ventilation during the drying and receiving
the air which passes into the casing of the furnace through the aforesaid registers.
This chimney possesses at its top a register and four arms which form a cross and
are intended for suppressing at any given moment the ventilation below the first or
lower floor by closing the said register and for sending all the air below the second
or upper floor through channels likewise furnished with registers.
Inlets for the cold air to be added at will to the hot air coming from the central
chimney.
Two registers enable the passage of the hot gases from the furnace to the
interior of the kiln to be intercepted at any given moment.
A heat chamber with an inner wall of bricks on beams supporting the several
conduits for the bot gases and air.
Conduits for distributing the hot gases to the heat chamber.
Pipes provided with a cap and register at the lower part for the inlet of
cold air.
Conduits for hot gases designed to heat the roofing these conduits being provided
with registers.
Roofing of the kiln with double walls, the interior wall being hollow and the
exterior wall being composed of solid tiles or hollow bricks carefully joined
together. These two walls leave between them a space heated at will through the
aforesaid conduits for the hot gases.
A central draft chimney with a register for promoting, concurrently with the
heated roofing, the disengagement of vapours while obviating their condensation.

page_text: A chimney for the outlet of the products of the evaporation, supported by the
frame of the roofing.
A register in the outlet chimney enabling the intensity of the draft in the kiln
to be regulated at will, in combination with the said draft chimney and the heated
roofing.
In the construction of the roofing having double walls the interior wall is made
hollow, and formed of special bricks of terra cotta, by which the framework of the
roofing which is made exclusively of iron can be completely concealed.
In this manner I obtain a lining which constitutes a continuous bad conductor
of heat and cannot be attacked by the vapours which are disengaged during the
drying and which are often corrosive. Moreover this construction is quite
incombustible and obviates dangers of fire.
The exterior wall consists of ordinary or special tiles carefully joined together.
This exterior wall may also be made of hollow bricks or the like for augmenting
in certain cases the impermeability to the heat from the interior and to the cold
from the exterior.
These two walls leave between them a space which I heat at will through the
before-mentioned conduits for the hot gases so as to maintain the interior wall at
such a temperature that the vapours given out in the drying may circulate in
contact therewith without being condensed.
This feature is of the highest importance for obtaining a good result in the
delicate operation of drying; for all condensation produces rain which checks
the outlet of the vapours and is prejudicial to the material to be dried.
The space between the walls of each of the four sides of the roofing possesses at
its upper extremity a small discharge chimney.
I use a special arrangement for the discharge of the hot gases from the furnace
and their passage to the chimney. The two compartments for the hot gases,
surround the central chimney for the ventilation.
My invention comprises the following features:
(a) The system of incombustible roofing, with heated double walls, preventing
the vapours disengaged during the drying operation from being condensed by
cooling, and facilitating their outlet. From this results a regular, rapid and
methodical drying.
The heating of the walls of the roofing has moreover the advantage of
contributing towards a good draft in the kiln.
In certain cases I may suppress the before-mentioned draft chimney as the
heating of the roofing gives a sufficient draft for drying certain materials.
In short I may use the heating of the roofing alone either with or without a
draft chimney.
(b) The arrangement for the ventilation with a central chimney provided with
an upper register enabling the ventilation of the first floor to be discontinued at
a given moment all the air to be sent below the upper floor (in a kiln having two
floors) such an arrangement being combined with the draft chimney for drying
materials containing a large proportion of water.
This chimney is heated through the inlet for hot gases; it augments the effect
of the roofing with double walls by producing an intense draft in the kiln, this
draft being adapted to be regulated by the registers in the central draft-chimney
and in the outlet chimney. The system is completed by inlets for cold air.
For kilns having a single floor the air channels herein before mentioned are
dispensed with, the ventilation being effected simply through a register and
pipes provided with flap valves and four of which terminate in the channels for the
hot gases.
(c) The application of the said system of roofing and of the system of ventilation
to kilns wherein the hot gases from the furnace are not in direct contact with
the material to be dried, but circulate in sets of pipes arranged in the heat
chamber.
(d) The employment of my improved kiln for drying the following materials;

page_text: malts of breweries, various grains, rice, maize, oil-cakes and similar materials,
hops, chicory and in general all materials containing a certain proportion of water
to be eliminated by heating and ventilation.
Dated this 9th day of November 1894.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Drying-kins.
I, EMILE ORVAL, of 29 Rue Rubens, Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to drying kilns.
The kiln, which forms the subject of this invention is not merely designed for
the preparation or treatment of brewers malt but also serves for drying any other
materials, generally such products from which a surplus of humidity is to be
eliminated, especially hops, and other substances.
The very important improvements which this kiln realizes with regard to known
apparatus of this kind and which has not been obtained by any of the systems of
kilas used up to the present time, is the absolute absence of condensed steam upon
the interior walls of the roof of the kiln.
In other kilns this steam falls in the form of a shower upon the products to be
dried and thus retards the drying operation, while moreover deteriorating in many
cases the quality of the product under treatment.
Another improvement realized by this invention consists in the regularity with
which the hot air is distributed in the heat chamber of the kiln.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the kiln.
Figure 2 is an horizontal section on the line A. B of Figure 1.
Figure 3 represents a portion of the kiln roofing in detail.
Figure 4 is a section on the line C D of Figure 1, showing the conduits for the
hot gases and their introduction into the flue toward the heat chamber; the top
wall of the mason work casing of the furnace being removed and
Figure 5 is a section on the line E F of Figure 1.
The furnace constructed in any suitable form is set in communication with the
flue V serving for the distribution of the heating gases, by means of two conduits a.
This flue V terminates at its upper part in a masonry work hood G, to which latter
a number of conduits e (four in the constructional example shown in the drawing)
are connected. These latter conduits convey the heating gases into the space E or
beating chamber of the kiln, immediately below the first floor or plate which serves
to support the products to be dried.
The drawing represents a kiln with open fire, that is to say, a kiln in
which the heating gases come in direct contact with the material to be dried.
In caloriferous kilns, in which the hot gases do not come in direct contact with
the products to be dried, the flue V terminates in the inlet of a set or system of
tubes constituting the heating surface in the heating chamber below the first plate
or floor.
The passage of the hot gases of combustion into the heating chamber can be cut
off by means of flap valves m, with which the flue V suitably communicates. Cold
air can be admitted into the kiln through the small chimneys t.
From the flue V pass a certain number of horizontal conduits b (four in the
constructional example shown in the drawing), to which other conduits pare

page_text: connected which latter are arranged in the walls of the kiln and which convey a
portion of the hot gases into the roofing of the kiln. From the roofing these gases
pass into the outer air either through channels i as will be seen from Figure 1, or
they are conveyed through suitable pipe connections to a central chimney; these
pipes are not shown as their arrangement will be readily understood.
Registers or damper plates r allow of the cutting off, if desired, of the commu-
nication between the conduits p and the roofing. The absolute absence of
condensed steam is due to the proportionately high temperature, to which the
interior wall of the roofing is raised, owing to the fact that a portion of the heating
gases passes along the interior of the said roofing.
In this kind of heating and in the special form of the said roofing lies the
principal feature of my invention.
As will be seen from Figure 3 the roof is made double walled, that is to say,
provided with one interior hollow wall u¹ formed by special squares or bricks of
terra cotta by which the framework of the rooting which is made exclusively of
metal, can be completely concealed. In this manner I obtain a continuous bad
conductor of heat which can not be attacked by the vapours which are developed
during the drying process and which are often of corrosive nature. Moreover
this construction is completely incombustible and removes the danger of an out-
break of fire.
The other or outer wall u² consists of ordinary or special tiles, carefully jointed
together. This wall may also be made of hollow material for increasing, in certain
cases the impermeability against heat from the interior and against cold from the
exterior.
These two walls u¹ and u² leave between them a space X which is heated, as has
been explained hereinbefore. Through the middle of the kiln passes a chimney or
better a heat conduit I which is heated by hot gases passing along the flue V into
the said conduit at y. The heat developed in this chimney helps to prevent the
vapours from condensing, in co-operation with the heated roofing, for the drying of
certain products containing a large proportion of water to be extracted. A damper
plate permits of cutting off or regulating the inlet of gas into the chimney 1.
This chimney may be dispensed with in certain cases: its use or omission are
dependent upon the products to be dried.
The flue V of the furnace rests, as will be seen, upon the upper part of a chamber
of masonry work which surrounds the said furnace, and into the interior of which
penetrates the air through registers ♬”.
ירז'
.. C
This air asses upwards in a conduit W arranged in the centre of the due V
and is heated by the content of the hot gases with the comiuit in question.
arrangement of the air conduit in the centre of the chimney of the furnace con-
stitutes a second improvement with regard to previous installations of similar kind,
in which thi coulds the said collector or even simply the mace: an
air current arriving from the exterior feel the
binst the
opposite wall of the conduit and this irrrived in them in a large quantity
along the said wall, where very little air was applied at the opposite side; the
air was thus conveyed beneath the surface of the kiln door in an irregular
manner.
With the use of a central conduit this defect no longer exists since the air
becomes uniformly mixed therein before leaving the upper part.
The conduit W terminates above in a damping device o which allows of cutting
off the inlet of hot air into the heat chamber E. Four pipes w arranged cross
wise are mounted upon the conduit W and terminate in as many channels f in
communication with the conduits arranged in the kiln and having their outlet
orifices below the upper floor of the said kiln. Registers or dampers, serve to
either open or close these conduits ¹.
7
It is thus possible to allow the arrival of the hot air below the two floors at the
same time or below one of the two floors only.
Cold air can be admitted to the channels through the small pipes g.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1st. In kilns for drying malt and other products the use of a heated roofing
formed by an internal hollow wall u¹ and an external hollow or solid wall u³ with a
space between them, in which space the hot gases circulate; the whole substantially
as illustrated in the drawing and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
2nd. In kilns for drying malt and other products, the use of an air conduit W
arranged in the centre of the hot gas flue, substantially as illustrated in the
drawing and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
Dated this 9th day of August 1895.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.