Improvements in or applicable to Railway Heads, Drawing Frames, and the like Machinery Employed in the Transformation of Cotton Fibre into Yarn.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 19th Sept., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Railway Heads, Drawing Frames,
and the like Machinery Employed in the Transformation of
Cotton Fibre into Yarn.
I, ARTHUR WINFIELD MATHEWSON, of Lewiston, in the County of
Androscoggin, and State of Maine, United States of America, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by the following
statement :-
In the transformation of cotton fiber into yarn, preparatory to the weaving of
the latter into cloth, it is essential that the product resulting from the carding
operation should be so evened that it shall be of a uniform size and weight
throughout, as any variation or uneveness therein will be propagated throughout
the subsequent yarn-making operations and appear in the completed yarn, rendering
the same of an inferior quality. To effect this evening operation and insure the
production of yarn of uniform size and weight, the individual products of a series
of cards are united and the mass so united passed through a railway head where it.
is drawn down and converted into an untwisted strand known in the art as a
"drawing."
The united products' of the several cards thus delivered to the railway head, in
consequence of variations in the sizes and weights of the products of the individual
cards, and of the stopping and starting of one or more of the cards of the series,
is not maintained at all times at a uniform size and weight, but varies sometimes
within narrow and sometimes within wide limits as one or the other of these causes
may be acting. As a result of these variations, the drawing delivered by the
railway head would similarly vary if previsions were not made to obviate such
defect. To remedy this objection, therefore, the railway head is usually provided
with what is known in the art as an "evener mechanism," which is controlled in
its operation by the material passing through the railway head, and serves to so
vary the relative movements of the drawing rolls that when the united products of
the series of cards is above or below the standard size and weight it will have
imparted to it a correspondingly greater or lesser degree of draught, and the
resulting drawing delivered by the railway head thereby rendered practically
uniform in size and weight, no matter how much the united products of the cards
may vary in these respects.
The devices heretofore in use upon which the material passing through the
railway head has operated to control the movements of this evener mechanism
have been of various forms. In most instances, these devices bave consisted of a
trumpet-shaped guide, called in the art a "trumpet," which, connected with the
belt shipping devices of the evener mechanism through appropriate appliances, and
suitably counter-balanced by a weight or springs, has, in some cases, been located
in rear of the drawing rolls of the railway bead, and has received the drawing
which has been passed therethrough after leaving them; while, in other cases, this
trumpet has been located in front of these rolls, and the united products of the
several cards of the series has been passed through it before entering them, the
variations in the size and weight of the material passing through it, whether in
the form of a drawing, or of the united products of the series of cards, causing and
allowing it to respectively swing forward or backward on its supporting axis, and
through it, to bring into operation the belt-shipping devices of the evener mechanism
as the friction of the material passing through it is increased or diminished above

page_text: or below a certain limit by an increase or diminution in the size and weight of such
material.
In other cases, these devices have consisted of a fluted roller arranged in front of
the drawing rolls, and of a series of co-operating pivoted plates disposed beneath
it, with suitable rods and levers through which these plates are connected with the
belt-shipping devices of the evener mechanism, the variations in size and weight
of the material passing between the roller and the plates in this arrangement
similarly causing the movement of the belt-shipping devices in one or the other
direction, as the size and weight of the material acted upon are increased or
diminished.
In still other cases, these devices have consisted of a single vertically movable
plate, over which the united products of the several cards of the series has been
passed, and which, located in front of the drawing rolls, and connected with the
belt-shipping devices of the evener mechanism, has likewise, by its elevation and
descent, caused the movement of the latter in one or the other direction, as the
weight of the material passing over it to such drawing rolls was below or above the
weight required.
The several devices thus specified for bringing the evener mechanism into, and
carrying it out of, operation, as the variation in the drawing or in the united
products of the series of cards upon which they respectively operate require, while
effective to a certain extent in causing the evening of the resulting drawing in a
general way, have been found objectionable in practice principally because of the
fact that they are either not sufficiently sensitive to respond to the smaller
variations in the material operated upon, or else do not cause the operation of the
evener mechanism upon the material at the proper times. Of those opened to the
first of these objections may be instanced the forms in which the fluted roller and
the co-operating pivoted plates are arranged in front of the drawing rolls, and
those in which the single vertically movable plate is arranged in the saine relation
and operated by variations in the weight alone of the material passing over it;
while of those that are open to the last objection there may be noticed those in
which the trumpet is arranged in rear of the drawing rolls and receives the
drawing after it has been discharged by them.
With the parts arranged in the position last mentioned, the trumpet, as is
obvious, is not acted upon by variations in the size and weight of the drawing, and
the movement of the evener mechanism to correct them thereby initiated, until
after these variations have passed the drawing rolls and arrived at or in the
trumpet. As a result of this, by the time the variations reach the trumpet and
effect or permit of its movement the drawing passing through the drawing rolls
may have returned to the requisite size and weight, but, notwithstanding this fact,
the variations acting upon the trumpet will cause or permit of its vibration in one
or the other direction, thereby bringing the evener mechanism into operation and
causing a change in the relative speeds of the drawing rolls. The change in the
relative speed of the rolls, thus effected, will, of course, cause a greater or lesser
degree of draught of the material passing between them and a consequent change
in the size and weight of the drawing delivered, which, if before of the requisite
size and weight, will now be of a lesser or greater size and weight, as the variations
at the time acting upon the trumpet is above or below the standard size and weight
of the drawing, respectively. The variation in the size and weight thus produced
by the evener mechanism arriving at the trumpet will act upon it, causing the
evener mechanism to be again operated, the relative speed of the drawing rolls to
be again changed, and a still further variation in the size and weight of the drawing
effected, which, again operating upon the trumpet, will, through the evener
mechanism, cause a still further variation in the size and weight of the drawing
produced, and so on, the drawing and the evener mechanism thus acting and
reacting upon each other several times to alternately increase and decrease the size
and weight of the drawing before it is restored to its required' size and weight.
To remedy this evil, the trumpet has, in some instances, been provided with

page_text: counter-balancing devices, which, after the trumpet has been tilted in one or the
other directions by an increase or decrease in the size and weight of the material
passing through it, and thereby initiated the required movement of the evener
mechanism corresponding thereto, have been so adjusted automatically by appro-
priate means as to compensate for the increased or decreased friction exerted upon
the trumpet by such variation, and thereby allowed of the gradual return of such
trumpet to its normal position, and the drawing to its requisite size and weight,
without the objectionable back and forth vibrations of the former and the con-
sequent alternate increases and decreases in the size and weight of the latter as
theretofore.
The devices thus employed however, while serving in a measure to overcome the
objection noted, have not, in all cases, proved reliable, principally because of the
indirect way in which they have acted upon the trumpet or other devices, or
because of their complication.
Moreover in railway heads, as heretofore constructed, the belt-shipping devices
of the evener mechanism have been provided with but a single means for operating
them, which, adapted to respond to the smaller variation in the size and weight of
the material passing through the railway head, has been too slow in its movement
to respond with the requisite speed to the larger variations, and hence, as a result
thereof, when these larger variations have occurred a large amount of defective
drawing has been produced before the evener mechanism was able to restore such
drawing to its normal and requisite size and weight.
To overcome the objections above pointed out and produce a railway head which.
shall not only be more efficient in operation than those heretofore in use, but one
in which the evener mechanism shall respond to large and small variations in the
size and weight of the material operated upon with approximately equal rapidity
is the object of my invention.
To these ends, the invention consists, first, in the employment in connection
with the drawing and calender rolls, a trumpet arranged in rear of the drawing
rolls, and an evener mechanism, of a second trumpet disposed in front of such
drawing rolls, whereby the evener mechanism may be operated upon by the
material passing through the railway head to even the same, not only after it has
passed the drawing rolls, but before it enters the same; second, in the means
whereby the shipping devices of the evener mechanism are operated at one speed
to cause the evening of the material passing through the railway head, when the
variations therein are of the smaller sizes and weights, and at another speed when
such variations are of the larger sizes and weights; third, in the peculiarities of
construction of the trumpet placed in front of the drawing rolls; fourth, in the
means employed to counter-balance the trumpets and compensate for the varia-
tions in the friction of the materials passing through them, due to an enlargement
or reduction in the size and weight of such materials; and fifth, in various
other peculiarities of construction and combinations of parts, all as will hereinafter
more fully appear.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, which form a
specification,
part of this
Fig. 1, is a front elevation of certain of the parts of a railway head constructed
in accordance with my invention, the evener belt being broken away, and one of
the electro-magnets being shown in section;
Fig. 2, a sectional side elevation thereof, taken in the plane of Fig. 1,
certain of the parts being broken away;
Fig. 3, an isometrical projection of certain of the parts connected with the belt
shipping and stopping mechanism detached, showing also the means for making
and breaking the electric circuit leading to the railway head, as the shipper is
moved in one direction to start, and in the other direction to stop, such head,
respectively;
Fig. 4, a side elevation of a portion of the shipping mechanism detached, certain
of the parts being shown in section ;

page_text: Fig. 5, a side elevation of the front trumpet, showing also the rear pair of
drawing rolls and a portion of the framing of the railway head, a part of the
trumpet being broken away;
Fig. 6, a rear elevation of the front trumpet detached;
Fig. 7, a horizontal transverse section of the front trumpet taken in the
planey y of Fig. 5, and showing the means whereby the smaller end of
the trumpet may be opened or enlarged;
Fig. 8, a detail showing a slightly modified construction of parts for making
and breaking, from the rock-shaft of the rear trumpet, the electric circuits leading
to the electro-magnets;
Fig. 9, a side elevation of the pawls, ratchet, pawl carrier, and shield, by which
the shipper operating screw of the evener mechanism is rotated in one or the other
direction, and its movements controlled, showing also a pawl lifter for automatically
removing the pawls from action when the devices for rotating such screw at a
higher speed is brought into action, partially broken away;
Fig. 10, a vertical section of such parts taken in the plane z z of Fig. 9,
showing the relation of the pawl lifter with respect to the pawls when such pawls
are in operation;
Figs. 11 and 12, similar vertical sections of the same parts taken in the same
plane and showing the relation of the pawl lifter with respect to the pawls when
such pawls are removed from action, the former showing the lifter moved
to the right, and the latter figure showing it moved to the left, of its normal
position;
Figs. 13 and 14, opposite end views respectively of the drawing rolls, showing
also the arrangement of the gearing whereby such rolls may be operatively
connected, with portions of their supporting stands;
Fig. 15, a detail showing a modified form of the counter-balancing devices for
the front trumpet;
Fig. 16, is a detail side elevation of a modified arrangement of parts for rotating
the shipper operating screw in one or the other direction from the shaft C, as the
exigencies of the machine may require;
Fig. 17, a sectional elevation of such parts, taken in the plane ¹¹ in Fig. 16
and looking in the direction of the arrow in such last mentioned figure, and
Fig. 18, an isometric projection of a further modification of the counter-
balancing devices for the front trumpet, showing in addition certain of the parts
composing the evener mechanism.
In all the figures, like letters of reference are employed to designate corre-
sponding parts.
A indicates the frame or housing of the railway head, and B the main driving
shaft which is mounted in suitable bearings, a, thereon, and is provided with a fast
and a loose pulley, a¹ and a².
C indicates a second shaft which is mounted in bearings, b, above and in parallel
relation to the shaft B, and is provided near one of its ends with a band pulley, b',
and a spur gear, b².
ccc2 and 3 indicate the drawing rolls, and c indicates the calender rolls.
There may be as many pairs of these drawing rolls as desired. In the form of the
invention selected by me for illustration, I have shown four of such pairs, of which
the three rear pairs, c c c2, are operatively connected, and caused to rotate at
constant and uniform speeds from the shaft B; while the front pair c³, with the
calender rolls, is rotated at a variable speed, to even the drawing and render it
of a uniform size and weight throughout, from the shaft C.
For operatively connecting the rear pairs of drawing rolls c c c³, whereby to
insure of their proper relative rotation with respect to one another, various
arrangements of gearing may be employed. I prefer however to connect the
under roll of the pair c with the under roll of the pair c through the
intermediary of a gear, d, which intermeshes with both a gear, d', on the former
roll and with a gear, d³, on the latter roll, and to similarly connect the under roll

page_text: of the pair c² to the same roll of the pair c through the instrumentality of a gear, do,.
which likewise intermeshes with a gear, d', and a gear, ds, with which these last.
mentioned rolls are respectively provided; while to impart the necessary rotation to
this group of rolls from the shaft B, I find it convenient to employ the shaft D, which,.
provided with a bevel gear, e, on its lower end that intermeshes with a similar
bevel gear, e', on the shaft B, is likewise equipped at its upper end with a second
bevel gear, c, which similarly intermeshes with a corresponding bevel gear, e,
fixedly secured to the end of a short horizontal shaft, e, and communicates its
rotation to the under roll of the pair c through such short shaft and the spur
gears e³ and e.
For imparting the necessary rotation to the front pair of drawing rolls c³ and
to the calender rolls c, on the other hand, I find it convenient to employ the train
of gears and 3, the first of which, f, intermeshes with the gear 62 on the shaft C,.
and the last of which, f, interneshes with both the gears f³ and f4 with which the
under roll of the pair of drawing rolls c³ and the under roll of the calender rolls c
are respectively provided.
By thus operating the rear drawing rolls from one shaft, and the front drawing
rolls and the calender rolls from another, previsions are made for varying the
relative speed of both the front drawing rolls and the calender rolls with respect
to the speed of the rear drawing rolls, whereby to increase or decrease the
amount of draught imparted to the material passing through the railway head,
as such material, in its delivery to them, is above or below the requisite size and
weight.
The means made use of for thus varying the relative speed of the front drawing
rolls and the calender rolls with respect to the speed of the back drawing rolls,
in my preferred form of construction, consists of the oppositely arranged cones E
and E which are respectively secured to the shaft B and C, and the latter rotated
from the former through the intervention of the belt F, which, in addition to its
motion transmitting function, is movable back and forth along such cones, as the
changes in the size and weight of the material passing through the railway head
may require, by a shipper, F, which is mounted to slide on a supporting and
guiding rod, E, and moved back and forth thereon, as the exigencies of the
operation of the head may demand, by a screw, F3, engaging with a nut, F, with
which such shipper is provided. By this arrangement, as will be seen, the relative
speed of the shaft C with respect to the shaft B, and hence the relative speed of
the front drawing rolls and the calender rolls, driven therefrom, with respect to
the speed of the rear drawing rolls, may be changed by moving the belt F along the
cones, which may be effected by simply turning the shipper-operating screw in
one or the other direction, the movement of the belt from the smaller end of the
cone E toward its larger end increasing the speed of rotation of the upper cone E',
and through it the speed of the front drawing and calender rolls, and the
movement of the belt in the opposite direction, or from the larger end of this cone
toward the smaller end thereof, in like manner serving to decrease them.
To effect the rotation of the shipper operating screw F in one or the other
direction, as the exigencies of the railway head may require, the movement of
the belt F toward or from the smaller end of the cone E, various means may be
adopted. In my preferred form of construction, however, I make use of the
ratchet G, which, mounted on the end of a short horizontal shaft, g, is connected
with a gear, g', on such screw, through the intermediary of a gear, g², and is
engaged at the proper times by oppositely arranged pawls, g3 93, pivotally mounted
on a carrier, g', which is supported upon the horizontal shaft g, and oscillated
thereon from the gear go, through a pitman, g, and wrist-pin, g'; the said gear 9°
being rotated from the pulley on the cone shaft C, through the intervention of
a belt, g, pulley, 9, shaft, gl, and gear gl, with which latter gear it intermeshes
-see Figs. 1, 2, and 9.
The pawls 33 thus carried by the oscillating carrier, g, being supported over
the ratchet G, would, as is obvious, engage with the teeth thereof and rotate it

page_text: in one or the other direction at each oscillation of the carrier, if previsions were
nct made to prevent it. In order therefore to obviate this, and permit of the
engagement of these pawls therewith at such times only as the rotation of the
.shipper operating screw is required, I employ the shield 9", which is preferably
mounted upon the shaft g beside the ratchet G, and, extending inward over the
teeth of the ratchet beneath the pawls, prevents the latter from engaging with
the former at all times when interposed between them, as shown more clearly in
Figs. 2, 9, and 10. In some cases, this shield, g" may extend entirely around the
ratchet, in which event it will be provided at the proper places with suitable
openings or orifices through which, when brought into proper position, the pawls
may drop and engage with the teeth of the ratchet to rotate it. I prefer however,
to make it of a length substantially equal to, or a little longer than, the distance
from the extreme limit of the forward movement of one of the pawls to the extreme
limit of the forward movement of the other pawl. As thus constructed, when the
shipper operating screw is to remain stationary, the pawls, as they are reciprocated
back and forth over the ratchet by the oscillation of their carrier g', will rest upon
the flange, which will then be held in a position to extend beneath them, and
their engagement with the teeth of such ratchet will be thereby prevented.
When, on the other hand, the rotation of the screw is required to move the belt
along the cones in one or the other direction, the shield will be moved around over
the ratchet until it has been withdrawn from under the pawl that is to be
brought into action to rotate the screw in the required direction, when such pawl-
will fall into engagement with the teeth of the ratchet and rotate it, with the
screw, in that direction at every forward impulse given to it by its carrier. The
rotation thus given to the ratchet and screw will continue until, in the operation
of the railway head, it is required that the movement of the belt F along the
cones E and E¹ should be arrested when the shield 92 will be carried around over
the ratchet in a reverse direction, raising the pawl from engagement with the
teeth thereof, and thereby bringing such ratchet and screw to a state of rest.
The bringing of one or the other of these pawls g into operation, as the rotation
of the shipper operating screw in one or the other direction is required, and the
carrying of it out of action when its operation is not demanded, being thus
effected by the movement of the shield in one or the other direction around the
ratchet, it is obvious that the movements of the belt F along the cones E E¹, and
the consequent changes in the relative speeds of the front drawing rolls and of the
calender rolls with respect to the speed of the rear drawing rolls, to correct
variations in the size and weight of the material passing through the railway
head, may be effected, and a drawing of uniform size and weight produced, by
simply controlling the movements of this shield as the exigencies of these
variations may require. These movements may be controlled in various ways.
I prefer, however, to control them by the material passing through the railway
head, and, to this end, I find it convenient to connect the shield with the shaft H,
upon which the trumpet A is fixedly secured. The means whereby this connection
is effected consists of the pitman A, which is jointed at its lower end to the
shield by a wrist-pin, h, and is hinged at its upper end to the free end of an
arm, A, fixedly secured to the said shaft and extending under the table of the
railway head, as shown. By this arrangement, as will be seen, any tilting of the
trumpet toward or away from the calender rolls e will be communicated, through
the shaft H, arm A, and pitman, &', to the shield, and the particular pawl ³,
answering to such movement, thereby brought into, or carried out of, engagement
with the ratchet G, as the requirements of such movement demands. In order
therefore to cause the proper tilting movement of this trumpet toward and away
from the calender rolls by variations in the size and weight of the material passing
through it, and hence the evening of such variation, I provide the counter-balancing
weight which is supported upon the arm A, and which, serving to hold the
trumpet in its normal position when the material passing through the latter is of
the proper size and weight, permits of its tilting forward toward the calender rolls,

page_text: by the increased friction therein, when the size and weight of the material is
increased, and causes it to tilt backward in an opposite direction away from those-
rolls, when the size and weight of such material, and the consequent friction due
to its passage therethrough, are decreased. As a result of this and of the con-
nection of the trumpet with the shield, when the trumpet is held in its normal
position by the counter-balancing weight-as is the case, for instance, when the
material passing through it is of the proper size and weight-the shield will be
similarly held by such trumpet in a central position with respect to the pawls, and
neither of them thereby allowed to engage with the ratchet G, which, with the
shipper operating screw, will remain stationary. When, on the other hand, the
trumpet is tilted from this position, either toward or away from the calender rolls,
by an increase or decrease in the size and weight of the material passing through
it, then, by such movement, the shield will be moved around the ratchet in one or the
other direction, the appropriate pawl brought into engagement with the ratchet,
and the shipper operating screw thereby rotated in the proper direction to move
the belt F along the cones to the required position to so change the relative speed.
of the front drawing rolls and the calender rolls with respect to the speed of the.
rear drawing rolls, as to impart to the material passing between them the necessary
draught to restore it to the requisite size and weight. The size and weight of the
material having been thus restored, the trumpet will be returned to its normal
position carrying with it the shield, the effect of which will be to withdraw the
pawl from engagement with the teeth of the ratchet and thereby interrupt the
rotation of the shipper operating screw and the further movement of the belt along
In these positions, the parts will remain until a further variation in the
size and weight of the material passing through the railway head occurs, when a further
tilting movement of the trumpet will be caused, and the movement of parts above
specified repeated, and so on, the variations in the size and weight of the material
passing through the railway head, by their operation upon the trumpet, controlling
the movements of the shield gl2, and through the movements of the parts whereby
such variations are neutralized.
the cones.
The trumpet h, being arranged in rear of the drawing rolls, c cl cc, will not be
acted upon by any variation in the size and weight of the material passing through
the railway head, as is manifest, until after such variation has passed the drawing
rolls, and, hence, has passed the point where it can be remedied. To obviate this,
1 locate devices in front of the drawing rolls, upon which variations in the size and
weight of the material passing through the railway head may act, to set in operation
the evener mechanism to correct the latter before they enter such rolls; and the
employment of these devices in connection with the rear trumpet h constitutes one
of the important features of my invention. In the construction of these devices, .
any of the well known forms heretofore in use in this location may be employed..
I prefer however to construct them in the form of a trumpet, I, and to provide
such trumpet with a movable under jaw, i, which is pivoted between the supporting
arms thereof, and its inner end normally held pressed upward toward the upper
jaw by spiral springs, ³, acting at one of their ends against a girth, i,
extending across from one of the supporting arms ¹ to the other, and acting at
their other ends against the lower ends of arms is depending from the under jaw i.
As thus constructed, the trumpet is loosely mounted upon the shaft I', which is also
fitted to turn loosely in bearings secured to the rear edge of the railway head
table, as shown.
In some cases, this trumpet may be connected directly with the shield 9", and:
control its movements independently of the trumpet h. I prefer however, to
connect it with the trumpet h, and to impart its controlling action to such shield,
therethrough. For effecting this connection of the front with the rear trumpet,,
I make use of the arm, which, fixedly secured. to the shaft I, is jointed at its
upper end to the trumpet h by a rod, 8, and is provided with a pivoted latch, 1, for
engagement with a rod, 10, extending from, one of the depending arms across to
the other. By this arrangement, the two trumpets may be so united as to move in

page_text: unison, or the front trumpet disconnected from the rear trumpet and made indepen-
dently movable, by simply engaging or disengaging the latch with, or from, the
rod 0, as the case may be. When the front trumpet is disconnected from the rear
trumpet, it may be turned back away from the drawing rolls, as is sometimes
necessary to permit of the passage therethrough of the end of the united products
coming from the cards when broken, "to piece up," or "mend," as it is called, the
"broken end"; and, in order to facilitate the passage of such broken end through
it, I find it convenient to provide this trumpet I with means whereby the inner end
of the under jaw may be drawn down from the upper jaw and the opening
through the trumpet thereby enlarged at its smaller end. These means, in my
preferred form of construction, consist of a cam-lever, i", to which is pivoted in a
bar,, that is disposed in rear of the girth, and is connected with the lower ends
of the arms, depending from the under jaw i, by rods, 113, which extend
axially through and form supports for the spiral springs³ ³. As thus provided,
the depression of the under jaw, i, and the consequent enlargement of the opening
through the trumpet at its smaller end, may be effected by simply turning the cam-
lever into the position shown by dotted lines in Figure 7, and its subsequent
return to its original position, and the concomitant reduction of the opening through
the trumpet, similarly accomplished by turning the cam-lever in the opposite
direction, or into the position shown by full lines in said figure.
With the parts employed for depressing and elevating the under jaw i, and
thereby effecting the respective enlargement and contraction of the opening
through the trumpet I, I sometimes find it convenient to employ the nuts 14
which, arranged upon the rods 13 13 in rear of the girth i', permit of the adjustment
of the smaller end of such opening to suit the trumpet to the passage of materials
of different sizes and weights therethrough when desired.
By thus arranging devices for controlling the movements of the evener mechanism
in front, as well as in rear, of the drawing rolls, upon which variations in the size
and weight of the material passing through the railway head may act, not only is
such evener mechanism brought into operation to effect the necessary evening
action upon the material by variations appearing in the latter after it has passed
the drawing rolls, but it is also brought into operation to effect that action by
variations appearing in the same before it enters those rolls, the result of which is
the production of a drawing that is more uniform in size and weight than has
beretofore been possible, if the tendency of the said devices to return to their
normal position, after having been deflected therefrom, either by an increase or
decrease in the friction or weight thereon, is made equal to the deflecting force.
With the rear trumpet h, this equalization is effected by changing the speed of
rotation of the front drawing rolls with respect to the speed of rotation of the rear
drawing rolls by the evener mechanism, whereby the material delivered by them is
increased or decreased in size and weight to restore it to its normal condition as
the deflecting force acting upon the trumpet is in a direction away from, or toward,
the calender rolls respectively; the counter-balancing weight h, which is or may
be fixedly secured to the arm h³ as a constant, serving, as is well understood, as the
deflecting force in the one case, and the increase in the friction, due to the enlarged
material passing through the trumpet, serving as a similar deflecting force in the
other.
With the front trumpet I, on the other hand, this equalization cannot be effected
by thus changing the amount of draught imparted to the material passing through
the railway head, since, being located in front of the drawing rolls, the trumpet is
acted upon by the material before it enters them, and, hence, before they have had
an opportunity to operate upon it. As a result of this, if any variation in the size
and weight of the material passing through it has caused a sufficient deflection
thereof to set into operation the evener mechanism to correct it in the resulting
drawing, and is continued, as would be the case, for instance, where the product
of one of the cards of the series has been added or withdrawn, the deflection of
such trumpet would be likewise continued and the evener mechanism maintained

page_text: in operation to reduce or increase the size and weight of the drawing indefinitely,
as the variation in the size and weight of the material acting upon it was above or
below the standard size and weight, respectively.
To effect such equalization therefore, without interfering with the evening of
these variations by the evener mechanism, I preferably employ counter-balancing
devices in connection with the trumpet, which are so adjustable from the operative
parts of the railway head that when the material passing through the trumpet is
increased or decreased in size and weight, and its deflective force upon it thereby
correspondingly increased or diminished, these counter-balancing devices will be so
adjusted with respect thereto as to overcome and balance such increased or
decreased force, as the case may be, and return the trumpet to its normal position,
leaving whatever variations there may be entailed upon the resulting drawing to be
thereafter remedied by the evener mechanism through the intervention of the rear
trumpet h.
For effecting this counter-balancing operation, I sometimes find it convenient
to employ the lever h, which, pivoted to the housings of the railway head, and
connected by a connecting rod, 4, to an arm, 18, projecting from the shaft H,
receives a weight, 410, that is movable back and forth thereon, to accomplish the
necessary counter-balancing operation, from the nut F, through the lugs 20
projecting therefrom and engaging with the opposite sides of the weight, as shown
in Fig. 15. The devices I have found the most convenient in practice for
accomplishing this operation, however, are shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and consist of
a weight , which, loosely supported on the arm 3 on the front trumpet shaft H,
is movable back and forth along such arm from the shipper operating screw F³,
through the intermediary of a shaft, l, which, provided with a bevel gear, l, on its
lower end that engages with a corresponding bevel gear, 12, on the shipper
operating screw F³, is likewise equipped with a second bevel gear 13, at its upper
end, which similarly engages with a bevel gear, l', secured to the end of a screw.
shaft,, mounted in suitable bearings on said arm h, and engaging with a threaded
orifice in a support, 16, upon which the weight is mounted. As thus arranged,
whenever either of the front or rear trumpet is deflected from its normal position
toward or away from its respective drawing or calender rolls by an increase or
decrease in the friction of the material passing through it, the weight will be so
moved along in the arm 3, from the shipper operating screw F, through the
screw-shaft and intermediate connections, as to increase or decrease its
counter-balancing action upon the trumpet I and thereby bring it into equilibrium
with such increase or decrease of friction, and through it restore the trumpet to
its normal position, after having so changed, through the evener mechanism, the
relative speed of rotation of the front drawing rolls with respect to the speed of
rotation of the rear drawing rolls, as to return the drawing delivered by the
railway head to its standard size and weight.
If the increase or decrease in the friction of the material passing through the
trumpet, due to increments and decrements in the size and weight thereof were
directly proportional to such increments and decrements, or if the movement of
the weight thereby along the arm 3 maintained a similar proportion to the
movement of the belt F along the cones to correct it, both the pitch of the thread
of the screw-shaft , and the taper of the cones E E', might be uniform throughout.
I have found in practice however that this increase or decrease in the friction bears
Go proportion to the increments and decrements in the size and weight of the
material, and that the same is true respecting the movements of the weight /*
along the arm and the movement of the belt F along the cones.
consequence of this, when both the screw-shaft 7 is provided with a uniform pitch
of thread throughout, and the cones E E are provided with surfaces that are of a
uniform taper, the movement of the trumpets back to their normal positions after
having been deflected therefrom is not wholly accomplished and the defect that
was sought to be remedied by such deflection more or less continued.
As a
To obviate this, and to insure of the return of the trumpet to its normal position,
B

page_text: after it has been deflected therefrom and the drawing has been restored to its
standard size and weight, I sometimes find it convenient to construct the thread on
the screw-shaft that moves the weight along the arm h, with a gradually
increasing pitch from its middle point toward each of its ends as shown in Fig. 18,
whereby, while the travel of the belt F along the cones E E', to change the
relative speed of rotation of the front drawing rolls with respect to the speed of
rotation of the rear drawing rolls, will be a constant, the travel of the weight A
out and back along the arm h³, by the action thereon of the thread on the screw-
shaft , and hence the counter-balancing action of the weight on the trumpet, will
be an increasing and decreasing variable as it moves in one or the other directions,
and that, as a consequence thereof, when the belt bas travelled along the cones to
the proper position to impart to the front drawing rolls the proper relative speed
of rotation with respect to the speed of rotation of the back drawing rolls, to
insure the requisite draught to produce the drawing of the standard size and
weight, the weight 4, by its gradually increasing or decreasing travel, will have
reached a point on the arm h where the gradually increasing or decreasing friction,
as the case may be, in the trumpet will be just balanced thereby. I prefer however
to make use of a screw-shaft which is provided with a thread that is of uniform
pitch throughout, as in Fig. 2, and to impart a gradually increasing or decreasing
change in the relative speed of rotation of the front drawing rolls with respect to
the speed of rotation of the back drawing rolls, as the variation in material
delivered to the railway head is above or below the standard size, by cones EE,
which, instead of having uniform tapers from end to end, shall have variable
tapers that describe curved lines, as shown more particularly in Fig. 1. By this
arrangement, as will be seen, the relative travel of the weight & along the arm 4³,
with respect to the travel of the belt F along the cones, will be at all times uniform,
but, in consequence of the variation in the taper of such cones, by the time the
weight has travelled along the arm A to a point where it will afford the necessary
counter-balance to the trumpet, when deflected from its normal position, the
necessary changes in the relative speed of rotation of the front drawing rolls
with respect to the speed of rotation of the rear drawing rolls will have been
accomplished, and the drawing delivered thereby will be of the standard size and
weight.
With the construction of parts as thus far described, the rotation of the shipper
operating screw F, in one or the other direction, for the purpose of correcting
variations in the size and weight of the material passing through the railway
head, has been effected wholly by the pawls g3 g engaging with the ratchet G.
This arrangement, while efficient in the correction of the smaller variations in the
size and weight of the material, has been found in practice to work too slowly
where the larger variations are involved I have accordingly provided a second
means for rotating this screw, which is brought into operation when these larger
variations occur, and which, when so brought into operation, impart to such screw
a rotation at a greatly increased speed.
The means made use of for imparting this increased speed of rotation to the
shipper operating shaft, when such increase of speed is required, may be of various
forms. In the embodiment of the invention selected by me for illustration however,
it consists of a shaft, K, which is continuously rotated from the upper cone shaft C,
through the intervention of the bevel gears k k¹, and is provided at its lower end
with a bevel gear, 4, for co-operating with the oppositely arranged bevel gears ³
and mounted upon the shipper operating screw F³. In some instances these
gears and are fixedly secured upon the shipper operating screw, and the
gear is brought into engagement with one or the other of them, as the rotation
of such screw in one or the other direction is required; the gears k² k³ and kin
these cases, being either provided with teeth, or constructed in the form of what
is known in the art as "friction gears," as may be desired. When thus arranged,
I find it convenient to mount the shaft K in a bracket, K", which is pivoted at
its upper end by a pivot, k¹, to a stand, K2, secured to the main framing of the

page_text: machine, whereby to allow of a pendulons movement to said shaft and permit of
the gear being brought into engagement with one or the other of the gears ³
or as required. I prefer however to mount the gears and loosely upon the
shipper operating screw, and to bring them separately into engagement therewith,
as the necessities for the rotation of the screw requires, by a clutch mechanism, in
which arrangement the shaft K is mounted in a suitable bearing, K', secured to
the main housings of the railway head, and the gear is maintained in constant
engagement with both of the gears and whereby to impart to them a con-
tinuous rotation. To provide for clutching these gears and to the shipper
operating screw when required, they are each constructed with a clutch-member on
its inner face with which a corresponding clutch member, &, formed on each of the
ends of a longitudinally movable sleeve, k, splined to the shipper operating
screw in a well known manner, may he brought into engagement, as the rotation
of such screw from one or the other of these gears may be demanded. For
moving the sleeve back and forth along the shipper operating screw to bring
the appropriate clutch-member into engagement with its respective clutch-member
on the gears 3 or k, when such sleeve and clutch-members are employed, or
for swinging the shaft K on its pivot to bring the gear 2 on its lower
end into engagement with the appropriate gear or, when the arrangement
of parts shown in Figures 16 and 17 is employed, I find it convenient to.
make use of a lever, K2, which is forked at its upper end to engage either
with a circumferential groove formed in the sleeve, , or with the
lower end of the bracket K" and is pivoted at its lower end between
ears k, by a pivot, k. By this arrangement, the proper movement of either this
sleeve to cause the clutching of one or the other of the gears to the shipper
operating screw, or of the shaft K to bring the gear into engagement with
either the gear 3 or k as required is accomplished by simply vibrating the
lever K on its pivot in the required direction. The means whereby this vibration
of the lever is effected may be of various forms. I prefer however to make use of.
the two electro-magnets L L for the purpose, and to arrange them on opposite
sides thereof, with their co-operating armature, L', secured to said lever, and to
bring one or the other of these magnets into an electric circuit, as the movement of
the lever in one or the other direction may require, by suitable closing contact
pieces, m' m', under the control of the trumpets and I. In the construction of
these electro-magnets, any of the well known forins may be adopted. The form
selected by me for illustration however, is that of a solenoid, and consists of a helix
or coil, m, which is provided with a central core, m', extending partially through
its center, and with an enveloping case, m², to which this core m' is secured, and
which, surrounding the outer periphery of the helix or core m, and extending over
its rear end, is provided with a depending flange, m³, through which it is secured in
place by the bolts m. As thus constructed, the coil of each of these magnets is
connected with one of the poles of the dynamo or other source of electric energy
(not shown) at one of its ends, by a wire, m³, and from its other end leads. a
wire, m, which extends to, and is connected with, one of the contact pieces m²,
while from the opposite pole of the dynamo or other source of electric energy leads
another wire, m", which extends to, and connects with, the metal block m. The
contact pieces m, being made of brass or other resilient material which is a good
conductor of electricity, are normally held away from the block m³, so as not to be
in contact with it, and hence the electric circuits in which the electro-magnets are
arranged are normally broken at this point. To complete either one or the other
of these circuits, all that is necessary is simply to depress the contact piece m' of.
that particular circuit until it is brought into contact with the block m, when the
circuit will be established, the particular electro-magnet in that circuit energized
and brought into action, the armature L attracted thereby, and the gears or k*,
corresponding to that magnet brought into operation to actuate the shipper
operating screw F therefrom, through the lever K to which such armature is
secured. In this position the parts will remains until the contact pieces m' is

page_text: allowed to retire from contact with the block mo, when the electric circuit will be
broken and such parts allowed to return to their normal positions. The contact of
the other contact pieces m' with the block m will similarly close the electric
circuit and bring into operation the other electro-magnet and co-operating parts,
when the gear k er k will be brought into action to operate the shipper operating
screw, and the same rotated in an opposite direction, and so on, the bringing of one
or the other of the contact pieces m' m' into contact with the block m³, and the
carrying of it out of contact therewith, similarly making and breaking the electric
circuits, and through it bringing into and carrying out of operation the magnets
and co-operating parts whereby the gears k³ and k are respectively brought into
operation to actuate the shipper operating screw F³, and carried out of operation to
suspend such actuation as required.
For controlling the movements of these contact pieces m' m² from the
trumpets and I, whereby to make and break the electric circuits therefrom, as
the variations in the size and weight of the material passing through them may
require the rotation of the shipper operating screw F2 in one or the other direction
or the arrest of such rotation, I provide the trumpet supporting shaft H with two
arms, mo, m10, which extend outward over such contact points m' m' at some
distance above them, as shown. By this arrangement, when the trumpets are
swung backward away from the rear drawing rolls and calender rolls, respectively,
beyond a certain distance, in consequence of the material passing through the
railway head being below the standard size and weight, the upper of the arins mo,
will be brought into contact with the upper contact piece m and the same pressed
into contact with the block m³, thereby closing the particular electric circuit in
which that contact piece is located, and, through the clectro-magnet in that circuit
and the parts co-operating therewith, causing the rotation of the shipper operating
screw, in the proper direction to so move the belt on the cones E and E as to
restore the drawing delivered by the railway head to its requisite size and
weight.
The drawing having been thus restored to its standard size and weight, the
trumpets will be returned to their normal position by its action thereon supplemented
by the counter-balancing action of the weight h, and the arm m¹0 thereby carried
out of contact with the contact piece m', allowing such contact piece to remove
itself from contact with the block by its own resiliency, the result of which will be
to break the electric circuit and allow the parts actuated from the electro-magnet
to return to their normal positions.
On the other hand, when the trumpets are vibrated in the opposite direction by
the material passing through the railway head being above the standard size and
weight, the lower of the arms m10 will be pressed upon the lower of the contact
pieces m', forcing it into contact with the block m2, and thereby closing the electric
circuit in which it is located, when the opposite magnet will be energized and the
parts co-operating therewith brought into action to so rotate the shipper operating
screw as to cause a reduction in the size and weight of the drawing to the standard
size and weight, after which the trumpets will be restored to their normal positions,
the circuit broken and the armature, lever, and gear, returned to the positions they
originally occupied ready for the next operation.
The means for thus rotating the shipper operating screw F³ from the continuously
rotating shaft K, being brought into operation only to correct the larger variations
in the size and weight of the material passing through the railway head, and its
movements being controlled from the trumpet supporting shaft H, which similarly
controls the movements of the devices through which the rotation of the shipper
operating screw from the pawls g3 g3 is effected, it is obvious that the arms m¹0 m 10
must be so arranged with respect to the contact pieces m' m' that the contact
between the latter and the block m shall not be made until the vibrations of the
trumpets exceed certain limits; the variations in the size and weight of the
material passing through the railway head causing vibrations of the trumpets
within those limits being responded to through the intervention of the pawls g g³

page_text: and ratchet G. In order therefore to provide for accomplishing this, the
arms m10 m10, instead of pressing directly upon the contact pieces m' m at all
times, are disposed some distance above them whereby to allow of some considerable
oscillation of the shaft H from the trumpets and otherwise without bringing them
into contact therewith.
In some cases, the block m will be fixedly secured in place, and the parts in
contact, when the contact pieces m' are pressed against it, will be stationary as
shown, for instance, in Fig. 1. I prefer however to have this contact a sliding one:
as thereby the corrosion of the parts in contact, due to repeated sparkings, is
obviated, and the surfaces kept clean. For this purpose, the block m, instead of
being fixedly secured in place, is pivoted at its center to the main housings-
of the railway head or other convenient part by a pivot, m20, and is vibrated back
and forth froin a cam-groove, m2, through the intermediaries of a lever, m2, and a
connecting rod, m23 m2, the part m23.of which is made of wood or other clectricity
non-conducting material-see Fig. 8. The cam-groove mal may be made in any of
the rotating parts that are conveniently located. I prefer however to construct it
in the hub fi of the gear, and it is so shown.
To the end that the lever K2 may be returned to its normal position with the
sleeve k, after having been deflected therefrom and the cause of its deflection
removed, provide the plungers n n, which, mounted in suitable stands, n¹ n', and
arranged on opposite sides of the lever, are pressed forward against it by spiral
springs n² n², that bear at one of their ends against the stand, and at the other of
their ends press against the collars n³ n³ secured upon such plungers.
The means for rotating the shipper operating screw F from the vertical shaft K,
as before explained, being brought into operation only when the correction of the
larger variations in the size and weight of the material is required, and the
pawls g³g and ratchet G being employed for correcting only the smaller
variations therein, it is obvious that when the larger variations occur the pawls.
and the ratchet, as well as the devices operated from the vertical shaft K, would
be brought into action to correct them, and that breakage of parts would result if
provisions were not made to obviate it. In order therefore to withdraw the.
pawls g3 g from action when the devices operated from the shaft K are brought
into requisition, I provide each of such pawls with an inclined stud, s, projecting
upward from its upper side, and employ in connection with it a pawl lifter, st,
which is fixedly secured to the rear of the lever K2 so as to vibrate with it, and,
extending over the pawls, is provided with a groove, s2, in its under side, the walls.
of which are inclined outward from its bottom to its outer edges, as shown more
clearly in Figs. 9-12. The depth of this groove is such that when the groove is
brought over the studs ss it will not interfere with their operation, but allow them.
to engage with the teeth of the ratchet G.when the shield gl2 is withdrawn from
under them. When, on the other hand, the pawl lifter s' is carried across the
studs ss by the vibration of the lever K2, as it is moved in one or the other,
direction to clutch one or the other of the gears k³ or k to the shipper operating.
screw F, then the inclined walls of the groove will be carried across said studs and,
the portion of the lifter on one or the other side of the groove brought over
them, the result of which will be to raise the pawls from the shield gl and hold
them inoperative in that position, as is shown in Figs. 11 and 12, until the lever K³.
is returned to its normal position, and the movement of the shipper operating
screw F, from the gears kor k, as the case may be, is arrested when, by such
return movement, the lifter will be carried back into its normal position, the,
groove brought over the studs, and the pawls 939 thereby again returned into
operation, and so on, the pawls g g being carried out of action when the devices
for actuating the shipper operating screw F3 from the vertical shaft K are brought
into requisition,.and such pawls returned into action when these devices are carried.
out of operation.
M indicates the shipper rod by means of which the shipping of the driving belt N,
from the loose pulley a³ to the fast pulley a', and vice versa, is accomplished, to,
.

page_text: respectively start and stop the movements of the railway head. This rod is.
arranged to slide in a suitable bearing, o, formed in the main housings of the
railway bead, and, provided at one of its ends with the usual shipper fork o¹ for
engaging with the belt, is preferably reciprocated back and forth to effect the
shipping operation, from the shaft M' which, extending upward through the table
of the railway head, and provided at its upper end with suitable handles, o2 02, is
equipped. at its lower end with an arm, o, which, fixedly secured thereto, is pivoted.
at its free end to the rod M by a pivot, o, projecting upward from the collar o fast.
thereon.
With the shipper as thus arranged, I sometimes find it convenient to employ
means whereby the automatic shipping of the driving belt from the fast to the
loose pulley, and the consequent stopping of the railway head, may be effected.
when the shipper F1 for the belt F has been moved by the shipper operating
screw F to a position near either of the ends of the latter, without in any way
interfering with the starting or stopping of the railway head from the shipper
operating shaft M'. The means made use of for this purpose may be of various
forms. In my preferred form of construction however, I make use of a tube, M²,
which, receiving and guiding the end of the shipper rod M, and adapted to be
moved in one direction by the collar o', to lock it in an operative position, is
loosely mounted in suitable bearings formed in the projecting portions of and o² of
the stand or hanger M³, and is adapted to be moved in the opposite direction, when
unlocked, by a spiral spring, o8, which, surrounding it, bears at one end against the
portion of of the stand or hanger M³, and at its other end presses against the
collar o secured to such tube. For locking the tube M2 in operative position
when carried into it, I make use of the latch o0, which, pivoted at one of its ends
thereto, is provided at the opposite end with a hook, o, for engagement with a
lug, o projecting from the stand or hanger M. With the parts arranged as thus
described, when the shipper rod M is moved to ship the belt N from the loose
pulley a² to the fast pulley a', the collar of thereon will abut against the end of the
tul e M2, and, carrying it forward with it in its bearings in the projecting portions o
and o' of the stand or hanger M, will compress the spiral springs o8 until the belt
is completely shipped from the loose to the fast pulley, when the hook oll on the
latch oo will drop over the lag o2 on such stand or hanger, and the tube M² thereby
locked in an operative position. The tube M², being thus locked in this position,
will be there held until the hook o" on the latch o¹0 is released from the lug o
and the shipper rod M will be left free to be operated to ship the belt from the
loose. to the fast pulley, or from the fast to the loose pulley, as may be desired.
When, however, the belt N is on the fast pulley a', and the tube is locked in its
operative position, the shipping of the belt from the fast to the loose pulley, to
arrest the movements of the railway head, may be effected by simply raising the
hook o" of the latch o from engagement.with the projection o, when the resiliency
of the spring of, then under compression, will force the tube M2 toward the collar o³,
and, abutting against it, will, through it and the rod M, ship the belt from the fast
to the loose pulley.
In order therefore to effect the automatic stopping of the railway head from the
shipper F', when the tube M2 is locked in an operative position, as will always be
the case with such tube when the belt N is on the fast pulley a', the guiding rod F,
which is loosely mounted in suitable bearings in the main housings of the railway
head, is provided with collars, p p, fixedly secured thereto and connected at one
of its ends with the free end of an arm, p', which in turn is fixedly secured to the
front end of a shaft, p2, that is provided at its other end, under the latch o¹0, with
two oppositely disposed tappets, p3 p3. As thus arranged, whenever the railway
head is in operation, and the shipper F, in its travel, is brought into contact with
one or the other of the collars p p, the shaft p³, through the guiding rod F2 and
arm p', will be oscillated around its axis in a corresponding direction, the hook o
disengaged from the lug o' by the upward swinging movement of the appropriate
tappet pagainst the latch o, and the shipping of the belt from the fast pulley a

page_text: to the loose pulley a', and the consequent stopping of the railway head thereby
effected.
To return the shield g, and the parts connected therewith, to their normal
positions, and thereby render the pawls g3 g³ inoperative when the stopping of the
railway head is effected by a movement of the guiding rod F2, I make use of the
lever O, which pivoted to a suitable support by a pivot, g; is provided at one end
with a fork, g', for straddling the wrist-pin 2, and engages at the other end with
a slot, g, forined in a plate, P, that is fixedly secured to the guiding rod F2, and
movable back and forth therewith in a guide way, 93, formed in the stand q. The
form of the slot, g, which engages with the end of the lever O, is that of an incline,
with short sections of its middle and end portions disposed in horizontal planes, as
clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 3.
In order to insure the unclutching of the gears and k from the shipper
operating screw F3, when one or the other of these gears are clutched thereto, and
the return of the lever K2 to its normal position, when the guiding rod F2 is moved
by the contact of the shipper F with one or the other of the collars p p thereon, in
the event of the failure of the contact pieces m' m' to break the electric circuit, or
the springs n to effect those results, I provide the plate P with a stud, r, which
engages with suitable lugs formed on the end of a projection extending outward
from the lever K2, and, through such engagement, forces the lever back into its
normal position, and thereby unclutched the gear k³ or k from the shipper operating
screw F
For returning the guiding rod F, the shaft p², the plate P, and the lever O, to
their normal positions, after having been moved therefrom by the contact of the
shipper F with one or the other of the collars p p, and such shipper has been
removed from it, I find it convenient to make use of the plate R which, mounted.
upon the tube M³, between the end of the spiral spring 08 and the projection
portion of of the stand or hanger. M³, engages by its overturned ends with the
arms t t secured to the shaft p2, one of which projects above and the other below
the stand or hanger M2, as shown.
With a view to obviating the loss of the electric energy, when the railway head
is not in operation, I interpose in one of the conducting wires-m8 for instance-
a circuit making and breaking device. As shown in the drawings, (Figs. 1 and 3)
this device consists of two metal plates u u, to each of which one of the adjoining
ends of the wire is attached. In their normal position, as when the railway lead
is not in operation, these plates will be held separated by their own resiliency, and
the current thereby prevented from entering the circuit along this wire beyond the
upper end of the plate to which the lower section of the wire m8 is secured. When,.
on the other hand, the driving belt N is shipped from the loose pulley a² to the
fast pulley a', then these plates are forced into contact by a projection, v, on the
lever v', which lever, pivoted at its outer end to the housings of the railway head
by a pivot, v, is swung forward toward, and the projection thereby pressed
against, the plate to which the upper section of the wire m8 is secured. When, on
the other hand, the driving belt N is shipped from the loose pulley a to the fast
pulley a', then these plates are forced into contact by a projection, v, on the lever v¹,.
which lever, pivoted at its outer end to the housings of the railway head by a
pivot, 2, is swung forward toward, and the projection thereby pressed against,.
the plate to which the upper section of the wire m³ is attached, by the shipper
rod M, through the intermediary of the arm v³, as best shown in Fig. 3.
It will thus be seen that I produce a railway head which is adapted to the
evening of the larger and smaller variations in the size and weight of the material
passing through it with equal facility, and which, by reason thereof and of the
location of devices in front as well as in rear of the drawing rolls, upon which such
variations act to set in operation the evener mechanism to correct them, insures the
production of a more uniform drawing than has been possible with the railway heads
heretofore in use.
Although in the foregoing. I have described the best means contemplated by me:

page_text: for carrying my invention into practice, I wish it distinctly understood that I do
not limit myself strictly thereto, as it is obvious that I may modify the same in
various ways without departing from the spirit thereof.
Again; while I have shown and described my invention as applied to railway
heads, so called, it is manifest that it may be employed, either in whole or in part,
in connection with drawing frames, and other forms of machinery made use of to
effect the transformation of cotton fiber into yarn, and I intend to so apply it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said.inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination, with the drawing rolls, and an evener mechanism, of devices
for operating said evener mechanism to correct the smaller variations in the size
and weight of the material passing between the drawing rolls, and additional
devices for operating such evener mechanism to correct the larger variations
therein, substantially as described.
2. The combination, with the drawing rolls, and an evener mechanism, of devices
for operating this evener mechanism to correct the smaller variations in the size
and weight of the material passing between the drawing rolls, additional devices
for operating such evener mechanism to correct the larger variations therein, and
appliances upon which the variations in the size and weight of the material operate
to set in motion both of the evener mechanism operating devices, substantially as
described.
3. The combination, with the drawing rolls, and an evener mechanism, of devices
for operating such evener mechanism to correct the smaller variations in the size
and weight of the material passing between the drawing rolls, additional devices
for operating said evener mechanism to correct the larger variations therein, a
trumpet located in front of said drawing rolls, upon which the variations in the
size and weight of the material operate to set in operation both of the evener
mechanism operating devices, and intermediate connecting mechanism between such
trumpet and said devices, substantially as described.
4. The combination, with the drawing and calender rolls, and the evener
.mechanism, of devices for operating this evener mechanism to correct the smaller
variations in the size and weight of the material passing between such drawing and
calender rolls additional devices for operating said evener mechanism to correct
the larger variations therein, a trumpet arranged in front, and a trumpet arranged
in rear, of the drawing rolls, upon which variations in the size and weight of the
material operate to set in operation both of the evener mechanism operating
devices, and intermediate connecting mechanism between such trumpet and said
devices, substantially as described.
5. The combination, with the drawing rolls, the calender rolls, and the evener
mechanism, of devices for operating the evener mechanism to correct the smaller
variations in the size and weight of the material passing between such drawing and
calender rolls, additional devices for operating said evener mechanism to correct
the larger variations therein, a trumpet located in front, and a trumpet located in
rear, of the drawing rolls, upon which variations in the size and weight of the
material operate to set in operation both of the evener mechanism operating
devices, and intermediate connecting mechanism between the two trumpets and
between the trumpet arranged in rear of the drawing rolls and such evener
mechanism operating devices, substantially as described.
6. The combination, with the drawing and the calender rolls, an evener
mechanism, and devices for operating such evener mechanism to correct the
variations in the size and weight of the material passing between said rolls, of
an electro-magnet and armature by means of which the evener mechanism
operating devices may be brought into operation when the electro-magnet is
energized, devices upon which the variations in the size and weight of the
material passing between such rolls operate to effect the energizing of said

page_text: electro-magnet, and intermediate connecting mechanism between the parts,
substantially as described.
7. The combination, with the drawing and calender rolls, an evener mechanism,
a trumpet arranged in rear of the drawing rolls, a shaft upon which such trumpet
is supported, and devices for operating such evener mechanism to correct variations
in the size and weight of the material passing between said rolls, of an electro-
magnet and armature by means of which such evener mechanism operating devices
are brought into operation when the electro-magnet is energized, an electric
circuit under the control of the trumpet supporting shaft whereby the energizing
of said magnet is effected, and intermediate connecting mechanism between the
electro-magnet and the evener mechanism operating devices, substantially as
described.
8. The combination, with the drawing rolls, a trumpet arranged in front of such
drawing rolls, and a trumpet arranged in rear thereof, of devices whereby these
two trumpets may be connected and caused to move in unison, and the front
trumpet disconnected from the rear trumpet when desired, substantially as
described...
9. The combination, with the drawing rolls, a trumpet, a shaft, H, with which
the trumpet is connected, a pair of reversely arranged cones, E E', the latter of
which is connected with the front pair of drawing rolls, a belt for such cones, a
shipper for said belt, and a shipper operating screw provided with reversely
arranged bevel gears, of a continuously rotating shaft provided with a bevel gear
at its end, a pair of electro-magnets, an armature for co-operating with such
magnets, electric circuits, circuit making and breaking devices under the control
of the shaft H, through which either one or the other of the electro-magnets may
be brought into or carried out of operation as such shaft is oscillated in one or
the other direction, and a lever connected with the armature and co-operating
with the gears on the shipper operating screw and on the continuously rotating
shaft, whereby, upon the oscillation of the shaft H in one or the other direction,
one or the other of the electro-magnets will be brought into operation, and, through
the armature and lever connected therewith, the gear on the continuously rotation
shaft will be brought into operative connection with the shipper operating screw,
to rotate it in one or the other direction and thereby ship the belt along the cones,
substantially as described.
10. The combination, with the shipper operating screw F3 provided with the
reversely arranged bevel gears k and loosely mounted thereon and equipped
with clutch-members on their inner faces, a sleeve, k loosely mounted upon, but
splined to, said shaft and provided with clutch-members at each of its ends, a
lever, K2, for engaging with such sleeve, a pair of electro-magnets, L L, an
armature, L', conducting wires, m m and m³, contact pieces, m' m', block, m³,
shalt, H, provided with arms, m¹ m10, and a trumpet connected with said shaft,
substantially as described.
11. The combination, with the lever K, the electro-magnets L L, armature L'
plungers n n, springs n², collars n³, and stands n' n', of the conducting wires m³ m
and m8, contact pieces m', block m³, shaft H provided with arms m10 ml, and a
trumpet, substantially as described.
12. The combination, with the pawls g³ g³ provided with studs ss, and the
lever K, of the pawl lifter s', fixedly secured to the lever K and provided with
the grooves, and means for vibrating said lever back and forth whereby to
remove such pawls from, or return them into, operation when required, substantially
as described.
13. The combination, with the shipper operating screw F³, provided with the
reversely arranged bevel gears kk loosely mounted. thereon, and provided with
clutch-members on their faces, the sleeve ke constructed with clutch-members on
each of its ends, and the continuously rotating shaft K provided with the bevel
gear k, of the lever K engaging such sleeve at one of its ends, the ratchet G,
pawls g³ y provided with the studs ss, the pawl lifter s' constructed with the
C

page_text: grooves, and means for imparting a vibratory movement to said lever whereby,
when the sleeve is clutched to either of the gears kor k, the pawls g³ g³ will be
,carried out of operation, and when such sleeve is unclutched therefrom they will be
returned into operation, substantially as described.
14. The combination, with the front and rear drawing rolls, an evener mechanism
-shipper operating screw, and a device, controlled in its movement by the variations
in the size and weight of the material passing through such drawing rolls, for
causing the rotation of such screw in one or the other direction as the evening of
such material may require, of counter-balancing appliances for said devices,
mechanism intermediate these appliances and the evener mechanism, whereby the
adjustment of such appliances to cause them to counter-balance the deflective
action brought to bear upon the said device is effected from the evener mechanism,
a pair of reversely arranged cones of variable tapers, a belt for such cones, and a
shipper, substantially as described.
15. The combination, with a shaft, H, provided with an arm, h³, the weight h*
supported thereon, a trumpet connected with such shaft, an evener mechanism
shipper operating screw, F3, and mechanism under the control of said shaft for
rotating said screw in one or the other direction, of mechanism for moving the
weight along the arm h³, from the screw F3, to counter-balance the deflective
force brought to bear upon the trumpet by variations in the size and weight of the
material passing through it, cones E and E' constructed with a variable taper,
belt F for connecting such cones, and a shipper, F', substantially as described.
16. The combination, with the trumpet I provided with the arms i, the under
movable jaw i having the arms is, of the rods 13 13, and springs i³ ³, substantially
as described.
17. The combination, with the trumpet I provided with the arms, under
jawi having the arms, of the springs 33, rods 33, shaft I', arm 7, latch 1,
and rod, substantially as described.
18. The combination, with the trumpet provided with the arms, girth i*,
movable jaw i having depending arms, the springs 33, of the bar, the cam-
lever, substantially as described.
19. The combination, with the shipper rod M provided with the collar o³, and
mechanism for reciprocating such rod back and forth to effect the shipping
operation, of the tube M2 provided with the collar o, the spring o8, the hanger M³
provided with the projecting portions of and o7, the lug o12, and the latch 010
provided with the hook o", substantially as described.
20. The combination, with the latch o10, and the shipper operating screw F³, of
the shipper F1, the guiding rod F2 provided with the collars p p, the shaft 2
provided with the arm pl at one end and the oppositely arranged tappets p³ på at
the other, substantially as described.
21. The combination, with the shipper operating screw F³, shield 912, and lever K
constructed with the projections, of the shipper F, guiding rod F2 provided
with collars pp, the plate P, and the lever O constructed with the fork q¹ for
engagement with the pin 2 on the shield g12, substantially as described.
22. The combination, with the tube M2, spring 08, and plate R, of the shaft pa
provided with the arms tt at one end and the arm pl at the other, the guiding
rod F, plate P provided with the stud and stud r', the lever K² having the
lugs, and the lever O, substantially as described.
23. The combination, with the wire m8, and the contact pieces uu, of the shipper
rod M provided with the arm 3, the lever v carrying the projection for pressing
the contact pieces together when brought into contact therewith by the movement
of the belt shipper rod, substantially as described.
24. The combination, with a trumpet provided with a movable jaw, and a
co-operating jaw, of means for adjusting such movable jaw toward and away from
the co-operating jaw, to enlarge or diminish the opening in the smaller end of the
trumpet, and appliances for withdrawing the movable jaw from the co-operating

page_text: jaw, when required, and positively locking it in such withdrawn position,
substantially as described.
25. The combination, with a trumpet, I, provided with supporting arms,
²,
and with an under movable jaw, i, having arms, and the rods 113, of
springs, , and adjusting nuts, 14, 4, substantially as described.
Dated July 8th 1896.
ARTHUR WINFIELD MATHEWSON.
Day, Davies & Hunt,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.