IMPROVE- MENTS IN MAKING MOULDS FOR CASTING PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF VARIOUS SIZES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Yoolow Stewart, of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Ironfounder, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MAKING MOULDS FOR CASTING PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF
VARIOUS SIZES."
Sealed the 24th October 1865, and dated the 1st May 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Yoolow Stewart
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st May 1865.
I, DAVID YOOLOW STEWART, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING MOULDS FOR CASTING PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF
VARIOUS SIZES," to be as follows, that is to say:—
This Invention relates to improvements in making moulds for pipes and
other articles of various sizes.
According to one modification, the mould is made in a vertical position, and
is rammed up by hand upon a pattern consisting of two parts. The lower
part of the pattern is shaped to mould the faucet of the pipe; the upper part
of the pattern is shaped to mould the barrel or main part of the pipe, but it
is of a comparatively short length and it is movable, being fixed upon a
central bar on which rack teeth are cut. When a portion of the mould is
rammed the movable pattern is raised by means of a pinion gearing with the
rack, and this is repeated until the full length is moulded. The central rack

page_text: bar is made round so as to pass through, and be accurately guided by a turned
bole in the centre of the faucet part of the pattern.
According to a second modification the mould is formed in separate halves,
and in a horizontal position. The pattern, which is not halved but entire, is
set in bearings in connection with the moulding plate so that it can be turned
on its axis.
An important feature of this modification consists in forming two slight
flattenings or equivalent depressions at diametrically opposite points, and
extending from end to end of the pipe. When the ramming is being done
the pattern is set so that these depressions are not at the partings, but when
the ramming is completed, and before lifting off the half mould the pattern is
turned to give smoothness to the surface of the mould, and is finally set with
the depressions at the partings. This makes the mould quite slack at the
parting corners, and prevents these corners from being broken on lifting off
the half mould, and thereby saves a great deal of skilled labour usually
required for finishing the moulds, whilst the moulds yield superior castings.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Yoolow Stewart in the Great Seal Patent Offico on
the 31st October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
YOOLOW STEWART, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Iron-
founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS 1ler most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her reign, did;
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, 'the said David
Yoolow Stewart, Her special licence that I, the said David Yoolow Stewart,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
David Yoolow Stewart, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MAKING MOULDS FOR CASTING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said David Yoolow Stewart, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should

page_text: particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Yoolow Stewart, do hereby.
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
that is to say-
My said Invention relates to improvements in making moulds for pipes and
other articles of various sizes.
And in order that my said Invention, and the manner of performing the
same may be properly understood, I have hereunto appended a Sheet of
explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to, and representing modi-
fications of mould-making apparatus embodying my improvements.
According to one modification the mould is made in a vertical position,
and is rammed up by hand upon a pattern consisting of two parts, and actuated
by apparatus shown in plan in Figure 1, and in sectional elevation in,
Figure 2; as the mould box would cover or confuse some of the details it
is not shown in the Drawings. The lower part 1 of the pattern is shaped to
mould the faucet of the pipe. The upper part 2 of the pattern is shaped to
mould the barrel or main part of the pipe, but it is of a comparatively short
length, and it is movable, being fixed upon a central bar 3, on which rack
teeth are cut. When a portion of the mould is rammed the movable pattern
is raised by means of a pinion 4 gearing with the rack spindle-8, and this
is repeated until the full length is moulded. In a frame or bearing plate 5,
beneath the patterns 1, 2, there are two horizontal spindles 6, 7, on one, 6,
of which is fast the pinion 4, whilst on the other, 7, there is a loose pinion 8
acting as an antifriction pulley to resist lateral movement of the spindle 3.
On the spindle 6 there is a spur wheel 9, with which there gears a pinion 10.
fast on the spindle 7, and both ends of both spindles 6, 7, are squared so
that one or two handles 11 may be put on either of them accordingly as more
or less power is required. The central rack bar 3 is made round so as to
pass through and be accurately guided by a hole bored in the centre of the
faucet part 1 of the pattern and in the bearing plate 5 below. For making.
the bead on the spigot end of the pipe, a ring 12 made in three parts, as
shown in Figure 3, is put on the pattern 2, but of course only when the
pattern has been raised into the position for moulding the top end of the pipe..
When the moulding of the pipe is completed, the pattern 2 is lowered and

page_text: leaves the ring 12 in the mould, but this ring is afterwards easily got out by
first drawing in one of the three pieces of which it is composed, when the
other two can also be drawn in and removed.
According to a second modification the mould is formed in separate halves,
and in a horizontal position. Figure 4 is an end elevation; Figure 5, a
transverse vertical section; Figure 6,. a plan, and Figure 7, a side clevation,
partly in section, showing the improved arrangements. The pattern.21, which
is not halved, but entire, is set in bearings in the ends of a box. 22, the top 23:
of which forms the moulding plate, and it can be turned on its axis by,
means of a handle or lever applied to projecting spindles 24 formed
on it for the purpose. The half-mould box or flask 25 is represented:
as placed over the pattern 21 ready to receive the sand for forming a half
mould.
An important feature of this part of my Invention consists in forming two
slight flattenings or equivalent depressions 26 at diametrically opposite points
of the pattern extending. from end to end of the pipe, and following the
contour of any beads or enlargements. To render them distinct, these
depressions are exaggerated in Figures 4 and 5, but a section of the body of
the pattern is shown full size in Figure 8; it must, however, be remarked,
that in practice even narrower flattenings than are shown in Figure 8 are
found to answer the intended purpose. When the ramming is being done
according to one modification, the pattern 21 is set so that these depres-
sions 26 are not at the partings, but as shown in Figure 5, and after the
ramming is completed, but before lifting off the half mould the pattern 21 is
turned to give smoothness to the surface of the mould, and is finally set with
the depressions at the partings, as shown in Figures 4, 7, and 8. This makes
the mould quite slack at the parting corners, and prevents these corners from
being broken on lifting off the half mould, and thereby saves a great deal of
skilled labor usually required for finishing the moulds, whilst the moulds
yield superior castings. When making the mould it is sometimes advan-
tageous after ramming the sand at the sides near the partings to at once turn
the pattern so as to set the depressions at the partings and then to ram the
middle part on the full round part of the pattern.
It will be obvious that more than two depressions may be formed on the
pattern, provided that there are two diametrically opposite ones that can be
set at the partings when about to take off the half mould.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be performed, I have to state that I do not restrict
myself to the precise details herein described or delineated; but that what I

page_text: believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1. The making of moulds for casting pipes and similar articles in a vertical
position by means of apparatus substantially such as is herein-before
described.
2. The making of half moulds for pipes and similar articles in a horizontal
position by means of an entire pattern arranged to be turned for smoothing
the mould, and with depressions to be brought to the partings, substantially as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Yoolow Stewart, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
DAV. Y. STEWART.
(L.S.)