IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAFES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Chatwood, of Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, Safe Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SAFES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
Sealed the 15th June 1866, and dated the 23rd December 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Chatwood at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd December 1865.
I, SAMUEL CHATWOOD, of Bolton,in the County of Lancaster, Safe Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SAFES. AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be
follows:-
The object of my improvements is to more efficiently manufacture safes and
apparatus connected therewith, such as doors and frames of doors of safes
built of stone or similar material, generally called strong rooms, chests,deed
boxes, locks, and bars.
I use the following metals or substances mixed together as follows for the
bodies, doors, or other parts of safes, or for apparatus connected with safes,
when what is called the body of the safe is made of other materials, such as
stone, brick, or similar materials, then the door or doors, &c. may be made of
the said mixture of metals or substances hereafter named. The said mixtures
consist of cast iron and steel, of cast iron and wrought or malleable iron,
of steel and malleable or wrought iron, of cast iron and iron ore or oxide of
iron, of cast iron, manganese, titanium, and ferrocyanide of potassium or
[Price 8d.]

page_text: ferricyanide of potassium, or any combination of or parts of the said last-
named substances and the said metals,also the mixture of steel and titanium
the mixing being eflected in a furnace, the substances and metals to be well
incorporated together when in a molten state.
Another of my improvements consists in the use of phosphorus or its com-
pounds, and mixing the same with cast iron or cast iron and iron ore, so as to
produce that state of cast iron known as ferricum, for the purposes before
named. I also use iron for casting safes or parts thereof, as before described,
produced by the reduction of the anhydrous peroxide of iron to the metallic
state, which is nearly pure ferricum.
Another of my improvements is in part produced by the use of the Inven-
tion patented by Frederick Trachsel and William Hall, No. 3030, and dated
2 th November 1865, and consists in casting safes or apparatus connected
.therewith of steel or iron or of the before-named mixtures of metals or of
metals and substances in moulds prepared according to the said Frederick
Trachsel and William Hall's said Invention.
Another of my improvements consists in casing safes or apparatus con-
nected therewith of any of the before-mentioned mixtures or of ordinary cast
iron in a mould, so that the casting and the mould or any portion of the
mould may be put into an annealing oven or furnace, and thereby brought
into a more ductile state than it would otherwise possess. I also use moulds
having the surface or surfaces of that part of the mould which comes into
contact with the molten metal coated with oxide of irou, or having oxide of
iron mixed with other materials to form the mould,and dustthesurfaces which
come into contact with the molten metal with ground coal or shale to prevent
the adhesion of the oxide to the metal. I of course also include the articles
herein mentioned as to be used for the manufacture of safes in the word
apparatus. Cast iron, steel, and wrought irou or malleable iron are mixed
any desirable proportion, but the other metals and substances mentioned
are used only in small quantities, not exceeding about ten per cent.
in
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Chatwood in the Great Seal Patent Office ou the
22nd June 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
CHAT WOOD, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Safe Engineer, send
Greeting

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent,bearing date the Twenty-third day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Samuel Chatwood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Samuel Chatwood, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAFES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said Samuel
Chatwood, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Chatwood, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):—
The object of my improvements is to more efficiently manufacture safes
and apparatus connected therewith, such as doors and frames of doors of
safes built of stone or similar material, generally called strong rooms, chests,
or deed boxes.
The object of my improvements is to more efficiently manufacture safes
and apparatus connected therewith, that is doors and frames of doors of safes
built of stone or similar material, generally called strong rooms, chests, or
deed boxes. For this purpose I cast safes or apparatus or parts connected
therewith of strong tough mixtures of cast iron, wrought iron, or steel,
my object being to employ mixtures which are to some extent malleable, so
that they will bend under the hammer rather than break or crack; by thus
casting the parts of strong tough mixtures of cast iron, wrought iron, or steel,
safes or parts of safes are produced at a comparatively cheap cost, whilst at
the same time they are as secure as safes manufactured from wrought iron, in
place of being brittle and liable to be broken with blows from a hammer, as
is the case with safes manufactured from cast iron.
The following are some of the mixture suitable for the purpose:-Cast iron
(from the hematite ores preferred) and steel, in equal parts, with the addition

page_text: of three per cent. of manganese; cast iron (from the hematite ores preferred)
and wrought or malleable iron, in equal parts, with the addition of one per
cent. of titanium; malleable or wrought iron and steel, in equal parts, with
the addition of three per cent. of manganese and one per cent. of ferrocyanide
of potassium; cast iron (also from hematite ores preferred) eighty per cent.
and oxide of iron twenty per cent. I also use iron produced by the reduction
of the anhydrous peroxide of iron to the metallic state, which is nearly pure
ferricum.
In order that the materials forming the mould in which the safe or part of
a safe is to be cast may be able to stand the high degree of heat to which it
is necessary to bring the above mixtures to retain them in a fluid state, I
employ compositions mainly composed of ganister or silicate of alumina, or
other compounds commonly employed when casting steel. When desirable I
place the mould containing the casting in an annealingovenorfurnacetorender
the casting more malleable, and for this purpose I employ moulds mounted on
trucks, or otherwise arranged so that they may readily be moved into and out
of the annealing oven; and I also use moulds having the surface or surfaces
of that part of the mould which comes in contact with the molten metal
coated with oxide of iron mixed with other materials to form the mould, and
dust the surfaces which come into contact with the molten metal with
ground coal or shale to prevent the adhesion of the oxide to the metal.
The oxide of iron is intended to assist in making the casting mora ductile
than it would be if cast in a mould made in the ordinary way.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Chatwood, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.