IMPROVEMENTS IN PROAL
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Brotherhood and George Dominicus
Kittoe, both of 56, Compton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineers, for the Invention of ** IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said. Peter Brotherhood
and George Dominicus Kittoe at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th January 1871.
We, PETER BROTHERHOOD and GEORGE DOMINICUS KITTOE, both
of 56, Compton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND MEASURING. THE FLOW OF
FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to apparatus, such as steam-engine governors
for regulating the flow of steam or other fluids or of liquids according
to the velocity that may be desired, and also to apparatus such as gas
or water meters for measuring and recording the amount of fluid that
passes through a pipe or channel in a certain time.

page_text: At the point where we apply our apparatus we expand the pipe or .
channel, and mount within it a disc fixed on a spindle which is axial
with the tube, and which passes through a stuffing box to the exterior.
We mount a ring on two pivots or bearings at the edge of the disc, so
that the ring can rotate or oscillate like a jimbal on these pivots which
form an axis for it at right angles to the axis of the tube. The ring is
made of such size that when it lies in the plane of the disc it fills up
the annular space between the disc and the tube without bearing tightly
on either of them, and thereby almost entirely closes the passage for
fluid. The ring is pressed upon by a spring or weight so as to make
it lie obliquely to the plane of the disc, and thereby to leave a portion
of the annular space open for the passage of fluid. The spindle of the
disc is caused to revolve rapidly by a pulley and band or other con-
venient connection with the rotating machinery to which the apparatus
is applied. By this rotation the disc and ring are made to revolve, and
the centrifugal force of the ring causes it to tend to assume a position
where it will lie in the plane of the disc in opposition to the spring or
weight which presses it towards an oblique position. Thus, the faster
the ring rotates the more does it assume the position where it closes
the passage for fluid, and conversely, the more slowly it rotates the
greater opening it affords for passage of fluid.
Instead of mounting a ring as above described on pivots on a disc,
we sometimes mount a disc on pivots within a ring or tube like an
ordinary throttle valve acted on by a spring or weight so as to keep it
in an oblique attitude; on causing the ring or tube to rotate the disc
tends to lie with its plane at right angles to the axis of the tube
and so to close the passage through the ring or tube, closing it the
more the greater the velocity of its rotation, and conversely.
For measuring as well as regulating the passage of fluid we fix
vanes on the disc or fix on its spindle a wheel with vanes or blades
like a turbine. The fluid current acting on these vanes or blades causes
the spindle to rotate, and its rotation acting on a suitable counter or
register records the number of revolutions in a given time.
:
Regulating and measuring apparatus such as we have described may
be combined with conoidal or other governing valves whereby the
pressure of the passing fluid is rendered uniform.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Brotherhood and George Dominicus Kittoe
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th July 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, Peter
BROTHERHOOD and GEORGE DOMINICUS KITTOE, both of 56, Compton
Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in
the thirty-fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Peter Brotherhood and
George Dominicus Kittoe, Her special licence that we, the said Peter
Brotherhood and George Dominicus Kittoe, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Peter Brotherhood
and George Dominicus Kittoe, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
REGULATING AND MEASURING THE FLOW OF FLUIDS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Peter Brotherhood and George
Dominicus Kittoe, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Peter Brotherhood and George
Dominicus Kittoe, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
Our improvements relate to apparatus, such as steam-engine governors,
for regulating the flow of steam or other fluids or of liquids according
to the velocity that may be desired, and also to apparatus such as gas

page_text: or water meters, for measuring and recording the amount of fluid that
passes through a pipe or channel in a certain time.
At the point where we apply our apparatus we expand the pipe or
channel and mount within it a disc fixed on a spindle which is axial
with the tube, and which passes through a stuffing box to the exterior.
We mount a ring on two pivots or bearings at the edge of the disc so
that the ring can rotate or oscillate like a gimbal on these pivots which
form an axis for it at right angles to the axis of the tube. The ring is
made of such size that when it lies in the plane of the disc it fills up the
annular space between the disc and the tube without bearing tightly on
either of them, and thereby almost entirely closes the passage for fluid.
The ring is pressed upon by a spring or weight so as to make it lie
obliquely to the plane of the disc, and thereby to leave a portion of the
annular space open for the passage of fluid. The spindle of the disc is
caused to revolve rapidly by a pulley and band or other convenient
connection with the rotating machinery to which the apparatus is
applied. By this rotation the disc and ring are made to revolve and the
centrifugal force of the ring causes it to tend to assume a position
where it will lie in the plane of the disc in opposition to the spring or
weight which presses it towards an oblique position. Thus the faster
the ring rotates the more does it assume the position where it closes
the passage for fluid, and conversely the more slowly it rotates the
greater opening it affords for passage of fluid.
Instead of mounting a ring as above described on pivots on a disc,
we sometimes mount a disc on pivots within a ring or tube like an
ordinary throttle valve acted on by a spring or weight so as to keep it in
an oblique attitude. On causing the ring or tube to rotate the disc tends
to lie with its plane at right angles to the axis of the tube, and so to
close the passage through the ring or tube, closing it the more the
greater the velocity of its rotation, and conversely.
For measuring as well as regulating the passage of fluid we fix vanes
on the disc or fix on its spindle a wheel with vanes or blades like a
turbine. The fluid current acting on these vanes or blades causes the
spindle to rotate and its rotation acting on a suitable counter or register
records the number of revolutions in a given time.
Regulating and measuring apparatus such as we have described may
be combined with conoidal or other governing valves, whereby the
pressure of the passing fluid is rendered uniform.

page_text: Fig. 1 represents a section of a governor or apparatus for regulating
the flow of fluids constructed according to our Invention. a is a valve
box having ingress and egress openings at a¹; 6 is a disc mounted on a
spindle 6', which passes through stuffing boxes to the exterior of the
valve box; c is a pulley fixed on the spindle 6', and driven by a band
from some rotating part of the engine or machine to which the governor
is applied; d is a ring mounted on two pins d projecting from opposite
sides of the disc b; e is a spring, one end of which is fixed to the disc,
and the other end bears against a hook on the ring d; fis a rod passing
through the spindle b¹, and bearing at one end against the spring e, and
at the other end against a setting screw. The action of the apparatus
is as follows:-The spindle, disc, and ring being caused to rotate steam
or other fluid entering the valve box by either of the openings a¹ has to
pass the edges of the disc through the opening left by the oblique
position of the ring d before it can issue at the other opening a¹. The
spring tends always to draw the ring to an oblique position and may be
adjusted to greater or less strength by the rod fand its setting screw.
By rapid rotation the ring is caused to assume in opposition to the
pressure of the spring a position more nearly coincident with the plane
of rotation, and thus the greater the velocity of rotation the more is the
opening past the edges of the disc closed, and conversely.
Fig. 2 represents in section a governor constructed according to our
Invention with a disc mounted in pivots within a ring or tube. a is a
valve box with ingress and egress openings a¹; b is a ring or short tube
attached to a spindle 6', on which is fixed a driving pulley c; d is a
disc mounted on two pivots within the ring b; e is a spring fixed at one
end of the disc, and at the other end bearing against a rod ƒ adjustable
by a setting screw. The spring tends to make the disc assume an
oblique position, and so to give passage for fluid between its edges
and the ring, but the more rapid the rotation of the spindle, ring, and
disc the more does the disc tend in opposition to the pressure of the
spring to turn towards the plane of rotation, and thus to obstruct the
fluid passage, and conversely.
Fig. 3 represents a modification of the apparatus represented in Fig. 2.
In this case the tube or ring is dispensed with, and the disc is mounted
on pivots on the spindle. In order to obtain the spring action on the

page_text: disc we form the socket into which the spindle enters with an incline g
against which the end of the rod f bears. This rod is pressed by a
helical spring e, adjustable by a setting screw, and tends to turn the
disc to an oblique position. In other respects the action is as above
described. Sometimes instead of using a circular disc as in Figs. 2
and 3 we employ a square flap or shutter as represented in section
and front elevation in Fig. 4, the ring 6 having in this case a square
opening for the reception of the flap or shutter d pivotted within it.
Fig. 5 represents a section of a governor combined with a stop or
regulating valve. In this case the ring d is pivotted on a globular
boss 6, the axis of the ring d passing through the boss and having
a projecting pin which bears against a projection on the end of the
spring rod f.
Fig. 6 represents a section of a governor or measuring instrument
constructed with a turbine for giving it rotation. Fluid entering by
the passage a, and flowing through the spaces between curved blades
or vanes / fixed on the disc 6 causes the disc and ring d to rotate. In
this case the action of the spring on the ring is produced in a manner
similar to that represented in Fig. 5. The spindle b¹ is connected at
its projecting end to a counter or other registering apparatus, by which
the number of revolutions of the disc is recorded.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Brotherhood, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
33, St. George's Square,
London, S.W.
PETER BROTHERHOOD. (L.S.)