Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 29th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 3rd Oct., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
I, EMILE LEVESQUE, of Grenoble, in the Republic of France, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
My invention relates to improvements in type-writing machines, and more
particularly to those in which a wheel or a cylinder is employed whose periphery
or face is entirely or partly provided with types brought to the operative position
by rotation of the said wheel or cylinder about its axis. These improvements
either conjointly or separately are also applicable to machines in which the types
are arranged on a strip or bar adapted to be displaced longitudinally.
In order to effect the rotation of the wheel or cylinder or the displacement of
the strip or bar I preferably employ a small string passing through the grooves
of two pulleys. In the first case the two extremities of the string coming from
the pulleys are fixed to the periphery of a drum arranged upon the axis of the
wheel or cylinder, and are wound upon this drum; in the second case the extremities
of the string coming from the pulleys are fixed one to each end of the strip or bar
which carries the type.
By means of a knob or button having a conical point and fixed to the string,
and a bar arranged along this string and pierced with a row of small holes
previously registered, I could bring any desired type to the operative position in
the ordinary manner, but this would be inconvenient.
With the object of perfecting this mode of operation I arrange along the string
a path for guiding a small slide or traveller to which the string is fixed, and upon
this string I secure, by means of a double pivot, one extremity of a long rod, the
other extremity of which is provided with a cone furnished with a sleeve. This
long rod enables me to arrange, in the alignment of the path followed by the slide
or traveller, a registering plate and to form in this plate, in lieu of a single row of
small holes, four or more rows of registering holes which are large and into which
I can very easily introduce the cone on the rod in order to bring any desired type
into position.
By the employment of this long rod with its double pivot, and the string with
its two pulleys, by the arrangement of these pulleys placed at a distance from each
other, and by other arrangements which will be hereinafter described, I obtain a
type-writing machine of simple construction, the working of which comprises the
following operations, that is to say, (1) Bring any desired type into approximately
operative position by placing the cone on the rod in the registering hole of this
type, previously formed in the plate; (2) and, by lowering this plate or tablet,
completing the exact registering of the type and also the pressure or the shock
which causes it to make its impression, the whole taking place in a single action
and with one hand, it being also possible to juxtapose two symmetrical apparatus, .
one for each hand.
The pressure upon the type or the shock producing the impression, may result as
usual from the direct action of the hand, but this gives an irregular or insufficient
impression. Another improvement consists in providing for a regular and
adjustable shock instead of this irregular pressure.
In order that my invention and the mode of carrying it into practice may be
properly understood I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the
accompanying drawings, which represent a machine with type wheels, this machine

page_text: being constructed in two forms which embody my improvements hereinbefore set
forth in general manner.
The figures show that this machine is made in two symmetrical halves.
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing how the machine, seen from the left hand side of
the operator, must be placed before him in an inclined position in order to be
operated.
Fig. 2 is a diagram which shows the position given to the machine in the
following figures in order that these figures may be clearer.
Fig. 3 shows an end elevation of the machine thus placed, with the right hand
end of the carriage as seen from the place of the operator.
Fig. 4 shows to an enlarged scale a perspective view of the right hand type
wheel with its accessory parts.
Fig. 5 shows a plan of the right hand half of the machine, a part of the arm
being broken off so that parts below may be seen.
Fig. 6 shows a vertical section of this right hand half on the line -x of
Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a vertical section, on the line of Fig. 5, of the rear part where
a spring for lifting the arm is arranged.
Fig. 8 is a plan of the left hand half of the machine and of the left hand
extremity of the carriage.
Fig. 9 is an elevation of the machine seen from the left hand side, and also of
the end of the carriage.
Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are diagrams, showing the arrangement and operation of the
string.
Fig. 13 shows a plan of a pedal made in two parts in order to regulate the
shock producing the impression.
Fig. 14 is a section on the line a- of Fig. 13.
Fig. 15 shows a vertical section and elevation of the arrangements of the coue
at the end of the rod with a sleeve or a thimble serving to hold the cone.
Figs. 16, 17 and 18 represent part of the same machine, showing a modification
in the arrangement or mounting of the type wheel.
In all these figures the saine or similar parts are designated by the same
letters or numbers, without any index in the case of the parts forming the
right hand half, and with an index 1 in the case of the parts forming the left
hand half.
The frame of the machine consists of a platform A upon which are fixed two
uprights B B, a block C between these two uprights, and two blocks D D' which
serve as seats for placing and fixing different parts.
A long arm E is pivotted horizontally upon two adjustable points a b so that it
can be moved in a vertical plane. This arm carries at its extremity a wheel F
provided at its periphery with say 40 types and fixed to the end of a horizontal
shaft c which can turn and slide in two brackets de forming a single piece fixed
below the said arm E.
с
Upon the same shaft c are secured a drum f and a wheel g made of steel, which
has forty triangular teeth and consequently 40 intermediate spaces, each of which
corresponds to one of the 40 types of the wheel F. A spiral spring / bearing
against the bracket d and pushing against the hemispherical nut i screwed on the
end of the shaft c always causes the wheel to return to the right hand side.
An adjustable spring Z (Fig. 7) enclosed in the block C lifts the arm E,
whose upward movement is limited by an adjustable hook j.arranged above
the fixed support G. The spring Z has its point of support upon a screw made
with a broad head and screwed into the block C. Through a hole provided in
the arm EI may reach this screw and turn it in order to regulate the tension of
the spring.
'
At O is the central point where the types on the right band and left hand
wheels are to make the impression.
For turning the wheel FI employ a string k-arranged as particularly shown in

page_text: Figs. 10, and 12. One end, which passes through the periphery of the drum fis
stopped by a knot located in the cavity I, after which the string passing half way
round the drum in the direction of the arrow is wound upon the pulley m, then
upon the pulley n, passes again half way round the drum f, extends through its
periphery and is finally stopped by a knot located in the cavity p. The pulley m
is fixed upon the block C hollowed out for this purpose. The pulley n is
arranged by means of two pressing screws with a sliding device upon a plate
fixed to the transverse piece H carried by two rods II the feet of which are
secured in the block C and which are held by two supports J J. The pulley
is a little larger than the drum f in order that the upper string may not
rub upon the drum. I place the two guide pulleys at a distance from each
other so as to give the string a suitable tension. The string is fixed by the
pressure of a screw upon a small slide or traveller K whose front and rear
edges are bent downwards and pierced with holes so as to slide along two steel
rods uu which are fixed at their extremities to the head of the fixed
supports G and L.
n
The upper part of the support G forms a gibbet so that the lower portion of
the string k may freely pass underneath without rubbing. Upon the slide or
traveller K is pivotted vertically by the bolt v, a fork y in which turns the
horizontal extremity of a rod M. At the free extremity of this rod is fixed a
small metallic cone N provided with a sleeve as hereinafter set forth.
On the arm E is fixed horizontally a plate P of ebonite or other suitable
material, which is not represented in Fig. 5; see the plate P' in the plan Fig. 8.
On lines which are shown on this plate P' and which will be explained, this plate
is perforated with 40 holes so that by inserting the cone N therein, the wheel Fas
it turns will present a predetermined type to the point O.
A desired type being thus brought to an approximate position I cause it to
descend and make its impression exactly at the point Q by the following means.
Figs. 3 4 and 5 (particularly Fig. 3) show an inclined plane 12 made in one part
with a plate 13 which is secured by a pressing and adjusting bolt 14 to the plate 15
fixed to the rod I.
By means of the bolt 14 which traverses crossed grooves I may regulate the
distance and inclination of the inclined plane 12 relatively to the nut i at the end
of the shaft c. A part R (shown in perspective Fig. 4) carries a steel rod 16, the
free end 17 of which, bent horizontally at a right angle, may have the form of a
knife; and another rod 18 which is straight or preferably a little bulged in front
of the end of the knife-shaped rod. A support 19 formed of a bent plate is fixed
upon the block D by means of screws or otherwise in such a manner that I may
regulate its position laterally. Upon this support is fixed the part R by means of
bolts or otherwise so that I may regulate the position of the knife-shaped rod
towards the front and in height.
The part 20 with its appendices appertains to an inking arrangement which will
hereinafter be set forth.
The operation takes place in the following manner: Seizing the sleeve of the
cone N with the fingers of the right hand 1 insert this cone into the hole of the
plate P corresponding to the type which I wish to produce and I press so as to
lower the arm E. The intermediate spaces between the teeth of the wheel 9,
which corresponds to the desired type, has passed above the knife-shaped rod and
will bear upon this latter as. the said arm is lowered. At the same time the nut i
slides along the inclined plane 12 and the type wheel is thus pushed to the left
hand side of the operator, (the right hand side of Fig. 3). At the moment when
the type arrives at its position is very accurately fixed rearwards by the knife-
shaped rod, and laterally by the face of the wheel g bearing on the left hand
side against the rod 18, and the nut at the end of the shaft c bearing
exactly against the lower part of the inclined plane 12. Of course, the respective
positions of the part R and of the inclined plane 12 have been regulated so as to
obtain this result with accuracy. As soon as the cone N is raised, the arm E

page_text: rises with the type wheel which returns to the right hand side to its normal
position.
The following is a method of finding practically the centre of the 40 holes
pierced in the plate P¹ and also in the plate P. The slide or traveller K' being
at its point of departure (as shown in Fig. 8) I lower the arın E' so that the
toothed wheel will bear upon its knife shaped rod and while the corresponding
type on the wheel F¹ (say for instance the number 2) is thus held in position I draw
with the point of the cone N¹an arc of a circle 21 upon the plate P. A hole
pierced at any point of this arc of a circle would be an exact register of the
type 2.
In like manner I draw the arcs 31, 41, 5' etcetera after having successively
fixed the types 3, 4, 5. Upon the plate P' I draw four straight longitudinal lines
which all intersect the arcs of circles; I pierce holes having for their centres the
points of intersection 2, 3, 4, 5, thus I obtain holes arranged in regular order
which are each an exact registering point, and into which I have to insert the
cone N¹ in order that the types 2, 3, 4, 5. . . shall be brought to the predetermined
position.
•
"
The character or type which corresponds to each hole may be indicated to the
operator simply by a small rectangular tablet upon which fabric fixed below
the plate by its own four corners by means of elastic bands so as to yield to the
point of the cone. The tablet would show in each hole the type corresponding to
the same.
It may here be observed that it is necessary to use an inextensible string.
Among the strings which may be suitable I mention the fishing line which has the
tress of flax thread. Before employing this string I subject it to strong tension in
order that it may not be liable to lengthen any further. Moreover, with a view
to better insuring this result I propose the following dimensions. A drum
of 40 millimetres in diameter, which gives a development of 125-7 millimetres to the
movement of the slide or traveller and a displacement of
for causing the wheel to advance through the space from one type to the following.
By cularging the drum I am obliged to lengthen the plate, which enables me to
make larger registering holes if desired. With a toothed wheel of 60 millimetres
in diameter including the teeth I obtain between the points of two consecutive
teeth an interval of 4.7 millimetres for insuring the bearing upon the knife-
shaped rod.
125.7
40
3.14 millimetres
The long rod with double pivots, which has for its object to bring the types into
an approximate position, in combination with the registering plate arranged in the
direction of the path travelled over by the pivot of the rod, affords the means of
providing in this plate a registering tablet with large holes in the described
manner.
By applying this part of my invention to a machine it is needful that the plate
should not be removed too much from the direction followed by the pivot of the
rod, that the registering holes should not be separated too much in the lateral
direction, and that the rod should not be shortened too much for fear of increasing
too much the inaccuracy in the operation and the difficulty in working too short a
rod and pulling and pushing too obliquely, as is obvious. The drawings show a
rod of about 130 millimetres.
The pulley m might be used alone and would be sufficient for causing the drum
to turn by means of a string. But by arranging the pulley n in front of the drum
the latter is drawn by the cord in opposite directions, and by this means the
friction of the shaft c in its brackets, when sliding as well as when turning, is
almost obviated; moreover the variations of the string itself are almost obviated
by being distributed in its two directions.
It would be expedient to arrange the pulleys m and n and the guides. of the
slide or traveller K on the arm E itself in order that these parts may participate
in the movement of this pedal which carries the wheel. By arranging the said
parts, on the contrary, in a fixed manner I relieve to that extent the said arm

page_text: which is a movable part, this being advantageous. Besides the employment of the
string with guide pulleys m and n which are purposely very far away from the
drum f, enables me owing to the flexibility of a string which is a little stretched
but long, to give to the type wheel the small downward displacement necessary for
correcting the position of the type and making its impression simultaneously with
the small lateral displacement which has the result that I may combine two similar
apparatus to make the impression at the same point O.
But it is necessary to obviate the inconveniences which result from these
arrangements. In the first place when the type wheel is lowered, as the pulleys m
and n are fixed, the lower portions of the cord will occupy the forced and false
position which is shown in elevation and plan Figs. 11 and 12. For this reason the
pulleys should be at a suitable distance from the drum f, and the extent to which
the wheel must be lowered and displaced laterally should be as small as possible.
Furthermore, from the moment when the pedal is lowered, the cone N, which is
then in the hole of the plate, describes au arc of a circle which has virtually for its
centre the pivot b of the arm E thus causing a small displacement of the pivot of
the rod and consequently of the slide or traveller, the string and lastly the wheel F.
To diminish this irregularity the arrangement is such that the pivots of the arm E
and also the horizontal pivot of the rod in its fork y may be nearly in the same
plane as the plate P.
It will therefore be seen that the employment of a long rod, doubly pivotted,
combined with a registering plate having large holes is independent of the
employment of a string, for operating the part which carries the types.
Accordingly I may apply the first part of my invention to a typewriting
machine without applying the second.
If for example in a machine wherein the types are on a pivotted part, the part
with the types must not be removed from its axis of rotation I may, by using the
string if necessary, diminish the distance between its pulleys. In case the types
describe an arc of a circle having a long radius with a central pivot for a guide, as
also when the types are displaced in a straight line, I need not use a string if it
should not be deemed advantageous, and I then pivot the long rod directly upon
the part which carries the types or upon an appendix or prolongation fixed to this
part, in order to profit by the particular advantages obtained by this long rod with
a double pivot, combined with a registering plate arranged and constructed in
the described manner; this plate on being lowered may actuate the parts of the
machine which must effect the rectification of the position and the impression of the
type, if the machine is provided with such parts. Lastly this plate may be
arranged in a fixed position, not pivotted, if it is not required to actuate parts
producing these latter results.
For inking the types I proceed in the following manner. The tube 21, by its
plate and a screw or other means is fixed in an adjustable manner to the support 19.
The small inking roller 22 is provided at the twice bent extremity of a rod which
turns axially in the tube 21, a spring wound into this tube always returns the rod
and its roller to the left hand side of the operator. When the wheel F is lowered
the type which descends encounters the roller, is charged with ink and the roller
being pivotted laterally with respect to the path followed by the type, this roller
will be pushed to the right (the left in Figs. 3 and 4). While the type makes its.
impression the roller is in contact with the circular inking device 23 arranged.
round the drum. When the armi E is raised the roller moving upon the face of the
wheel returns to its normal position and is ready to ink again.
This device may be replaced by the customary inking ribbon, use being made of
two bobbins arranged for example below the inclined planes 12, or a little to the
outside of them upon the rods I, the ribbon moving from one to the other bobbin,
passing below the type wheels, and if desired a small bell-crank lever, actuated by
the arms E when they are lowered, presents the ribbon below the wheels and
moves it to the rear after the impression in order to uncover the writing.
The carriage V sliding upon two rails r is moved to the left hand side by the

page_text: strap q fixed to the drum Y having a spiral spring. With the rack 6 alternately
engage two pawls 8 which are carried by a large oscillating fork 7 pivotted
horizontally to the head of the supports XX' and moved to the rear by a spring.
This fork is furnished with an arm 23 carrying a transverse piece 24 which extends
to the right and to the left hand side below an adjustable tappet fixed to each
arm E E in such a manner that the downward movement of each of them causes
the oscillation of the pawl and cousequently the escapement of a tooth in the
ordinary manner. By pressing upon the large key 33 I operate the escapement
independently of the arms E E¹.
The paper is carried and controlled by one of the known devices adapted for the
purpose. The one represented comprises a large roller Q and a small roller S,
between which the sheet of paper passes, whereupon it rests upon a transverse
piece T serving as a support which is provided with plastic material. Upon the
axis of the large roller are fixed a large knob U and a wheel with 6 notches
into which drops the stud on a spring s, which regulates the spacing between the
lines.
The pawls are secured upon a rectangular plate (represented in dotted
lines Fig. 6). This plate is secured by the pivot 25 and placed at upon another
rectangular plate 26 bent upwards at a right angle after having been cut (as shown
in the drawing by mixed lines Fig. 3) from the metallic plate forming the fork.
By means of this pivot the pawls may be raised in order to be disengaged from the
rack. For this purpose a nose 27 projects from the plate of the pawls. A strip 28
which extends from one end to the other of the carriage, is mounted upon this
carriage as a binge by its long side and furnished with a lever 29. When I seize
with the fingers of the left hand the aforesaid knob U, I press with the thumb upon
the extremity of the lever 29; the edge of the strip 28 which is below the nose of the
pawls (see section Fig. 6) raises this nose and sliding below keeps the pawls
disengaged while I push the carriage to the right hand side. By their weight or
by the action of a spring the pawls drop upon the rack as soon as the strip is
allowed to fall back.
For the purpose of rendering the shock which causes the impression of the type
independent of the hand of the operator 1 make the pedal in two parts (Fig. 13).
One part E remains under the action of the lifting spring Z, and the other part E¹
rests with its weight upon the first. The latter is formed of a metallic plate
pivoted at a and upon the arm E, to which plate is fixed, by the screws ³ ³ or
otherwise, the arm receiving at its end the type wheel F. As shown in Fig. 14
the arm E is hollowed or recessed and the plate P is fixed above at its rear part,
its front part being carried by a forked piece 30 so as to leave below the plate P
the space necessary for not interfering with the point of the cone N. The arm E
is hollowed or recessed below the edge of the plate P in order that the latter may
descend with the arm E without pressing upon the arm E. The type wheel which
is arranged below and at the extremity of the arm E' in the axial line -i cannot
be reached by the plate P. When under these circumstances the arm E is lowered,
the arm E' and its wheel descend by their own weight alone. But as the arm E
moves upwards it raises the arm E3 which, abutting against the stop j, arrests the
upward movement of the arm E. The lever 29 is fixed below the arm E and
prolonged so that it will bear upon the transverse piece 24 of the arm of the
pawls.
The inclined position of the machine in operation (Fig. 1) diminishes the falling
weight of the arm and its wheel, which has the advantage of necessitating a weaker
lifting spring and consequently a smaller pressure of the finger for lowering the
But a certain falling force being necessary I provide if desired an adjustable
spring which assists the action of the weight and enables the force of the shock due
to the type wheel to be regulated.
arm.
For greater convenience in the manipulation of the cone
provided with a rod or with a thimble, as shown in Fig. 15.
in a small ball which is articulated in the cone in the known
N, the latter may be
The rod terminates
manner, in order that

page_text: this rod may be able to turn and incline in any direction. Or a thimble with a
spherical bottom is retained in the cone by a somewhat elastic connection.
In a somewhat modified arrangement of the machine hereinbefore described,
instead of using a type wheel turning and sliding in two brackets provided at the
end of a long arm pivotted at the rear of the frame, I mount the type wheel
axially at the end of an arm E' pivotted on the side of the frame by two points a³ b³,
as shown in front elevation Fig. 16 and plan Fig. 17.
The type wheel F, its toothed wheel 9 and its drum fare arrangel upon a sleeve
which turns at the end of the arm E. The inclination of this axis allows of the
symmetrical arrangement of two wheels F and F (the latter being only indicated.
in Fig. 16) whose periphery with a conical surface is provided with types so that
one or the other wheel on being lowered will make the impression of its type at
the same point O.
The pivots a being lower than the point 0 (which is the upper level of the
carriage) these pivots, as shown in plan Fig. 17, are moved to the rear of the path
of the carriage, in order to leave this path free. They are arranged upon the
block D which is widened and notched for this purpose.
The arrangement and operation are the same as before. The plate P is provided
upon the arin E which has a lifting spring. Along this plate are the guides u u
for the slide or traveller K (Fig. 17) upon which the rod M is pivotted.
The string k is woun1 upon the drum f and upon the pulleys m and n (not
represented) which are fixed in an inclined position like the drum f. The knife-
shaped rod 17 corrects the position of the types by the wheel g.
Near the end of the arm E is fixed a path 36 carrying a roller 35 which takes
below the bent end of the arm 34 which projects from the arm E. When I lower
this arm the wheel F falls by its own weight. If necessary however, a spring is
provided in order to augment or even diminish the action of the weight, the
inclination of the machine in operation producing also in this case the before
mentioned effects.
The flexibility of the cord is still utilized, but the parts which insure the
displacement and the lateral separation of the wheel are dispensed with. In
Figs. 16, and 17 the rod I is further away from the centre than before, it may
also be brought near the upper part of the support X for example at 1 (Fig. 16).
If for the impression I do not use the ordinary ribbon it will be preferable to
join the two inking rollers 22, 221, as shown in elevation from the left hand side,
Fig. 18, in plan Fig. 17, and in front elevation Fig. 16. The part which unites
their rods is fixed to the lower extremity of a rod 43 either in a flexible manner or
by means of an articulation with a spring 42 which ensures the same result. This
rod is mounted at the top of a gibbet support 39, 40 so as to oscillate like tho
balance of a clock. Two spring strips.41, 411 move this part back to the vertical
position. A bent appendix 38 is attached to the end of the axis, upon which turns
the type wheel. When this wheel F descends, the type in position encounters the
roller 22 which yields; then the appendix 38 acting like a cam upon the side of
the heart 37 pushes the rod 43 to the left of the operator aud the roller 22 is
charged with ink on the left face of the wheel F, while the type makes its.
impression at the point O. When the wheel F is raised the rollers return to the
normal position and are ready to ink a type on the corresponding wheel which
descends.

page_text: Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
I, EMILE LEVESQUE, of Grenoble, in the Republic of France, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in typewriting machines and more
particularly to those in which a wheel or a cylinder is employed whose periphery
or face is entirely or partly provided with types brought to the operative position
by rotation of the said wheel or cylinder about its axis. These improvements
either conjointly or separately are also applicable to machines in which the types
are arranged on a step or bar adapted to be displaced longitudinally.
In order to effect the rotation of the wheel or cylinder or the displacement of
the strip or bar I preferably employ a small string passing through the groove of
the pulleys. In the first case the two extremities of the string coming from the
pulleys are fixed to the periphery of a drum arranged upon the axis of the wheel
or cylinder, and are wound upon this drum; in the second case the extremities of
the string coming from the pulleys are fixed one to each end of the strip or bar
which carries the type.
By means of a knob or button having a conical point and fixed to the string, and
a bar arranged along this string and pierced with a row of small holes previously
registered, I could bring any desired type to the operative position in the ordinary
manner, but this would be inconvenient.
With the object of perfecting this mode of operation I arrange along the string
a path for guiding a small slide or traveller to which the string is fixed, and upon
this string secure, by means of a double pivot, one extremity of a long rod, the
other extremity of which is provided with a cone furnished with a sleeve. This
long rod enables me to arrange, in the alignment of the path followed by the
slide or traveller, a registering plate and to form in this plate, in lieu of a single
row of small holes, four or more rows of registering holes which are large and
into which I can very easily introduce the cone on the rod in order to bring any
desired type into position.
By the employment of this long rod with its double pivot, and the string with
its two pulleys, by the arrangement of these pulleys placed at a distance fro:n each
other, and by other arrangements which will be hereinafter described, I obtain a
typewriting machine of simple construction, the working of which comprises the
following operations, that is to say, (1) Bring any desired type into approximatively
operative position by placing the cone on the rod in the registering hole of this
type, previously formed in the plate; (2) and, by lowering this plate or tablet,
completing the exact registering of the type and also the pressure or the shock
which causes it to make its impression, the whole taking place in a single action
and with one hand, it being also possible to juxtapose two symmetrical apparatus,
one for each hand.
The pressure upon the type or the shock producing the impression, may result
as usual from the direct action of the hand, but this gives an irregular or
insufficient impression. Another improvement consists in providing for a regular
and adjustable shock instead of this irregular pressure.
In order that my invention and the mode of carrying it into practice may
be properly understood I will proceed to describe it with reference to the
drawings left with the Provisional Specification, which represent a machine
with type wheels, this machine being constructed in two forms which embody my
improvements hereinafter set forth in a general manner.
In the drawings left with the Provisional Specification, the figures show that
this machine is made in two symmetrical halves.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a diagram showing bow the machine, seen on the left hand side of the
operator, must be placed before him in an inclined position in order to be operated.
Fig. 2 is a diagram which shows the position given to the machine in the
following figures in order that these figures may be clearer.
Fig. 3 shows an end elevation of the machine thus placed, with the right hand
end of the carriage as seen from the place of the operator.
Fig. 4 shows to an enlarged scale a perspective view of the right hand type
wheel with its accessory parts.
Fig. 5 shows a plan of the right hand half of the machine, a part of the arm
being broken off so that parts below may be seen.
Fig. 6 shows a vertical section of this right hand half on the line - of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a vertical section, on the line of Fig. 5, of the rear part where
a spring for lifting the arm arranged.
Fig. 8 is a plan of the left hand half of the machine and of the left hand
extremity of the carriage.
Fig. 9 is an elevation of the machine seen from the left hand side, and also of
the end of the carriage.
Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are diagrams, showing the arrangement and operation of the
string.
Fig. 13 shows a plan of a pedal made in two parts in order to regulate the shock
producing the impression.
Fig. 14 is a section on the line of Fig. 13.
Fig. 15 shows a vertical section and elevation of the arrangements of the cone
at the end of the rod with a sleeve or a thimble serving to hold the cone.
Figs. 16, 17 and 18 represent part of the same machine, showing a modification
in the arrangement or mounting of the type wheel.
In all these figures the same or similar parts are designated by the same letters
or numbers, without any index (1) in the case of the parts forming the right hand
half, and with an index (1) in the case of the parts forming the left hand Elf.
The frame of the machine consists of a platform A upon which are fixed two
uprights B B, a block C between these two uprights, and two blocks D D! which
serve as seats for placing and fixing different parts.
A long arm E is pivoted horizontally upon two adjustable points a b so that it
can be moved in a vertical plane. This arm carries at its extremity a wheel F
provided at its periphery with say 40 types and fixed to the end of a horizontal
shaft c which can turn and slide in two brackets de forming a single piece fixed
below the said arm E. .
Upon the same shaft c are secured a drum f and a wheel 9 made of steel, which
has forty triangular teeth and consequently forty intermediate spaces, each of
which corresponds to one of the forty types of the wheel F. A spiral spring h
bearing against the bracket and pushing against the hemispherical nut i screwed
on the end of the shaft c always causes the wheel to return to the right hand side.
An adjustable spring Z (Fig. 7) enclosed in the block C lifts the arm E, whose
upward movement is limited by an adjustable hook j arranged above the fixed
support G. The spring Z has its point of support upon a screw made with a broad
head and screwed into the block C. Through a hole provided in the arm E I may
reach this screw and turn it in order to regulate the tension of the spring.
At O is the central point where the types on the right hand and left hand wheels
are to make the impression.
For turning the wheel F I employ a string & arranged as particularly shown in
Figs. 10 and 12. One end, which passes through the periphery of the drum f is
stopped by a knot located in the cavity l, after which the string passing half way
round the drum in the direction of the arrow is wound upon the pulley m, then
upon the pulley n, passes again half way round the pulley f, extends through its
periphery and is finally stopped by a knot located in the cavity p. The pulley m
is fixed upon the block C hollowed out for this purpose. The pulley n is arranged
by means of two pressing screws with a sliding device upon a plate fixed to the
B

page_text: transverse piece H carried by two road I I₁ the feet of which are secured in the
block C and which are held by two supports J J'. The pulley n is a little larger
than the drum f in order that the upper string may not rub upon the drum. I place
the two guide pulleys at a distance from each other so as to give the string a
suitable tension. This string is fixed by the pressure of a screw t upon a small
slide or traveller K whose front and rear edges are bent downwards and pierced
with holes so as to slide along two steel rods uu which are fixed at their extremities
to the head of the fixed supports G and L.
The upper part of the support G forms a gibbet so that the lower portion of the
string k may freely pass underneath without rubbing. Upon the slide or traveller K
is pivoted vertically, by the bolt v, a fork y in which turus the horizontal extremity
of a rod M. At the free extremity of this rod is fixed a small metallic cone N
provided with a sleeve as hereinafter set forth.
On the arm E is fixed horizontally a plate P of ebonite or other suitable
material, which is not represented in Fig. 5; see the plate P' in the plan Fig. 8.
On lines which are shown on this plate P' and which will be explained this plate
is perforated with 40 holes so that by inserting the cone N therein, the wheel F as
it turns will present a predetermined type to the point O.
A desired type being thus brought to an approximate position I cause it to
descend and to make its impression exactly at the point O by the following
means:
Fige. 3, 4 & 5 (particularly Fig. 3) show an inclined plane 12 made in one part
with a plate 13 which is secured by a pressing and adjusting bolt 14 to the plate 15
fixed to the rod I.
By means of the bolt 14 which traverses crossed grooves I may regulate the
distance and inclination of the inclined plane 12 relatively to the nut i at the end
of the shaft c. A part R (shown in perspective Fig. 4) carries a steel rod 16, the
free end 17 of which, beut horizontally at a right angle, may have the form of a
knife; and another rod 18 which is straight or preferably a little bulged in front
of the end of the knife-shaped rod. A support 19 formed of a bent plate is fixed
upon the block D by means of screws or otherwise in such a manner that I may
regulate its position laterally. Upon this support is fixed the part R by means of
bolts or otherwise so that I may regulate the position of the knife-shaped rod
towards the front and in height.
The part 20 with its appendices appertains to an inking arrangement which will
hereinafter be set forth.
The operation takes place in the following manner :-
Seizing the sleeve of the cone N with the fingers of the right hand I insert this
cone into the hole of the plate P corresponding to the type which I wish to produce,
and I press so as to lower the arm E. The intermediate space between the teeth
of the wheel g, which corresponds to the desired type, has passed above the
knife-shaped rod and will bear upon this latter as the said arm is lowered. At the
same time the nut i slides along the inclined plane 12 and the type wheel is thus
pushed to the left hand side of the operator (the right hand side of Fig. 3). At
the moment when the type arrives at its position is very accurately fixed,
rearwards by the knife-shaped rod, and laterally by the face of the wheel g
bearing on the left hand side against the rod 18, and the nut at the end of the
shaft c bearing exactly against the lower part of the inclined plane 12.
Of course,
the respective positions of the part R and of the inclined plane 12 have been
regulated so as to obtain this result with accuracy. As soon as the cone N is raised,
the arm E rises with the type wheel which returns to the right hand side to its
normal position.
The following is a method of finding practically the centre of the 40 holes pierced
in the plate P¹ and also in the plate P. The slide or traveller K' being at its
point of departure (as shown in Fig. 8) I lower the arm E¹ so that the toothed
wheel will bear upon its knife-shaped rod and while the corresponding type on the
wheel F¹ (say for instance, the number 2) is thus held in position I draw with the

page_text: point of the cone N₁ an arc of a circle 2' upon the plate P'. A hole pierced at
any point of this arc of a circle would be an exact register of the type 2. In like
manner I draw the arcs 31, 41, 5¹ etc., after having successively fixed the
z which
types 3, 4, 5. Upon the plate P' I draw four straight longitudinal lines
all intersect the arcs of circles; I pierce holes having for their centres the points
of intersection 2, 3, 4, 5 etc.; thus I obtain holes arranged in regular order which
are cach an exact registering point, and into which I have to insert the cone N¹
in order that the types 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. shall be brought to the predetermined
position.
The character or type which corresponds to each hole may be indicated to
the operator simply by a small rectangular tablet upon white fabric fixed below
the plate by its four corners by means of elastic bands so as to yield to the point
of the cone.
The tablet would show in each hole the type corresponding to
the same.
125.7
40
= 3.14 milli-
It may here be observed that it is necessary to use an inextensible string..
Among the strings which may be suitable I mention the fishing line which has
the tress of the flax thread. Before employing this string I subject it to strong
tension in order that it may not be liable to lengthen any further. Moreover, with
a view to better ensuring this result I propose the following dimensions. A drum
of 40 millimetres in diameter, which gives a developement of 125.7 millimetres to
the movement of the slide or traveller and a displacement of
metres for causing the wheel to advance through the space from one type to the
following. By enlarging the drum I am obliged to lengthen the plate, which
enables me to make larger registering holes if desired. With a toothed wheel of
60 millimetres in diameter including the teeth I obtain between the points of two
consecutive teeth an interval of 4.7 millimetres for ensuring the bearing upon the
knife-shaped rod.
The long rod with double pivots, which has for its object to bring the types into
an approximate position, in combination with the registering plate arranged in the
direction of the path travelled over by the pivot of the rod, affords the means of
providing in this plate a registering tablet with large holes in the described
manner.
By applying this part of my invention to a machine it is needful that the plate
should not be removed too much from the direction followed by the pivot of the
rod, that the registering holes should not be separated too much in the lateral
direction, and that the rod should not be shortened too much for fear of increasing
too much the inaccuracy in the operation and the difficulty in working too short a
rod and pulling and pushing too obliquely, as is obvious. The drawings show a
rod of about 130 millimetres.
The pulley m might be used alone and would be sufficient for causing the drum
to turn by means of a string. But by arranging the pulley n in front of the drum
the latter is drawn by the cord in opposite directions, and by this means the
friction of the shaft c in its brackets, when sliding as well as when turning, is
almost obviated; moreover the variations of the string itself are almost obviated
by being distributed in its two directions.
It would be expedient to arrange the pulleys m and n and the guides of the
slide or traveller K on the arm E itself, in order that these parts may participate
in the movement of this pedal which carries the wheel. By arranging the said
parts, on the contrary, in a fixed manner I relieve to that extent the said arm
which is a movable part, this being advantageous. Besides, the employment of the
string with guide pulleys m and n which are purposely very far away from the
drumf, enables me, owing to the flexibility of a string which is a little stretched
but long, to give to the type wheel the small downward displacement necessary for
correcting the position of the type and making its impression simultaneously with
the small lateral displacement which has the result that I may combine two similar
apparatus to make the impression at the same point O.

page_text: But it is necessary to obviate the inconveniences which result from these
arrangements. In the first place, when the type wheel is lowered, as the pulleys m
and n are fixed, the lower portions of the cord will occupy the forced and false
position which is shown in elevation and plan Figs. 11 and 12. For this reason
the pulleys should be at a suitable distance from the drum f, and the extent to
which the wheel must be lowered and displaced laterally should be as sinall as possible.
Furthermore, from the moment when the pedal is lowered, the cone N, which is then
in the hole of the plate, describes an arc of a circle which has virtually for its centre
the pivot b of the arm E thus causing a small displacement of the pivot of the rod
and consequently of the slide or traveller, the string and lastly the wheel F.
To diminish this irregularity the arrangement is such that the pivots of the
arm E and also the horizontal pivot of the rod in its fork y may be nearly in the
same plane as the plate P.
It will therefore be seen that the employment of a long rod, doubly pivoted,
combined with a registering plate having large holes is independent of the
employment of a string, for operating the part which carries the typos.
Accordingly I may apply the first part of my invention to a type-writing machine
without applying the second.
If for example in a machine wherein the types are on a pivoted part, the part
with the types must not be removed from its axis of rotation
may, by using the
string if necessary, diminish the distance between its pulleys. In case the types
describe the arc of a circle having a long radius, with a central pivot for a guide,
as also when the types are displaced in a straight line, I need not use a string if it
should not be deemed advantageous, and I then pivot the long rod directly upon
the part which carries the types or upon an appendix or prolongation fixed to this
part, in order to profit by the particular advantages obtained by this long rod with
a double pivot, combined with a registering plate arranged and constructed in the
described manner; this plate on being lowered may actuate the parts of the
machine which must effect the rectification of the position and the impression of
the type, if the machine is provided with such parts. Lastly, this plate may be
arranged in a fixed position, not pivoted, if it is not required to actuate parts
producing these latter results.
For inking the types I proceed in the following manner :
When
The tube 21, by its plate and a screw or other means, is fixed in an adjustable
manner to the support 19. The small inking roller 22 is provided at the twice-bent
extremity of a rod which turns axially in the tube 21, a spring wound into this tube
always returns the rod and its roller to the left hand side of the operator.
the wheel F is lowered the type which descends encounters the roller, is charged
with ink, and the roller being pivoted laterally with respect to the path followed
by the type, this roller will be pushed to the right (the left in Figs. 3 and 4).
While the type makes its impression the roller is in contact with the circular
inking device 23 arranged round the drum. When the urm E is raised, the
roller moving upon the face of the wheel F returns to its normal position and is
ready to ink again.
This device may be replaced by the customary inking ribbon, use being made of
two bobbins arranged for example below the inclined planes 12, or a little to the
outside of them upon the rods I, the ribbon moving from one to the other bobbin,
passing below the type wheels, and, if desired, a small bell-crank lever, actuated by
the arms E when they are lowered, presents the ribbon below the wheels and moves
it to the rear after the impression in order to uncover the writing.
The carriage V sliding upon two rails is moved to the left hand side by the
strap q fixed to the drum Y having a spiral clock-spring. With the rack 6 engage
alternately two pawls 8 which are carried by a large oscillating fork 7 pivoted
horizontally to the head of two supports X X and moved to the rear by a spring.
This fork is furnished with an arm 23 carrying a transverse piece 24 which extends
to the right and to the left hand side below an adjustable tappet fixed to each
arm E E' in such a manner that the downward movement of each of them causes

page_text: the oscillation of the pawl and consequently the escapement of a tooth in the
ordinary manner. By pressing upon the large key 33 I operate the escapement
independently of the arm E E¹.
The paper is carried and controlled by one of the known devices adapted for the
purpose. The one represented carries a large roller Q and a small roller S, between
which the sheet of paper passes, whereupon it rests upon a transverse piece T
serving as a support which is provided with plastic material. Upon the axis of the
large roller are fixed a large knob U and a wheel with 6 notches into which drops
the stud on a spring s, which regulates the spacing between the lines.
The pawls are secured upon a rectangular plate (represented in dotted lines
Fig.6). This plate is secured by the pivot 25 and placed flat upon another rectangular
plate 26 bent upwards at a right angle after having been cut (as shown in the
drawing by mixed lines Fig. 3) from the metallic plate forming the fork. By
means of this pivot, the pawls may be raised in order to be disengaged from the
rack. For this purpose a nose 27 projects from the plate of the pawls. A strip 28,
which extends from one end to the other of the carriage, is mounted upon this
carriage as a hinge by its long side and furnished with a lover 29. When I seizo
with the fingers of the left hand the aforesaid knob U, I press with the thumb
upon the extremity of the lever 29; the edge of the strip 28 which is below the
nose of the pawls (see section Fig. 6) raises this nose and sliding below keeps the
pawls disengaged while I push the carriage to the right hand side. By their weight
or by the action of a spring the pawls drop upon the rack as soon as the strip is
allowed to fall back.
For the purpose of rendering the shock which causes the impression of the type
independent of the hand of the operator I make the pedal in two parts (Fig. 13).
One part E remains under the action of the lifting spring Z, and the other part E'
rests with its weight upon the first. The latter is formed of a metallic plate
pivoted at a and upon the arm E, to which plate is fixed, by the screws y³ or
otherwise, the arm receiving at its end the type wheel F. As shown in Fig. 14
the arm E is hollowed or recessed and the plate P is fixed above at its rear part.
its front part being carried by a forked piece 30 so as to leave below the plate P
the space necessary for not interfering with the point of the cone N. The arm E
is hollowed or recessed below the edge of the plate P in order that the latter may
descend with the arm E without pressing upon the arm E. The type wheel which
is arranged below and at the extremity of the arm E in the axial line c-i cannot
be reached by the plate P. When under these circumstances the arm E is lowered,
the arm E and its wheel descend by their own weight alone. But as the arm E
moves upwards it raises the arm E which, abutting against the stop j, arrests the
upward movement of the arm E. The lever 29 is fixed below the pedal E
and prolonged so that it will bear upon the transverse piece 24 of the arm of
the pawls.
The inclined position of the machine in operation (Fig. 1) diminishes the falling
weight of the arm and its wheel, which has the advantage of necessitating a
weaker lifting spring and consequently a smaller pressure of the finger for lowering
But a certain falling force being necessary I provide if desired an
adjustable spring which assists the action of the weight and enables the force of
the shock due to the type wheel to be regulated.
the arm.
For greater convenience in the, manipulation of the cone N, the latter may be
provided with a rod or with a thimble, as shown in Fig. 15. The rod terminates
in a small ball which is articulated in the cone in the known manner, in order that
this rod may be able to turn and incline in any direction. Or a thimble with a
spherical bottom is retained in the cone by a somewhat elastic connection.
In a somewhat modified arrangement of the machine herein before described,
instead of using a type wheel turning and sliding in two brackets provided at the
end of a long arm pivoted at the rear of the frame, I mount the type wheel axially
at the end of an arm E' pivoted on the side of the frame by two points a³ ³, as
shown in front elevation Fig. 16 and plan Fig. 17.

page_text: The type wheel F, its toothed wheel 9 and its drum fare arranged upon a sleeve
which turns at the end of the arm E. The inclination of this axis allows of the
symmetrical arrangement of two wheels F and F (the latter being only indicated
in Fig. 16) whose periphery with a conical surface is provided with types so that
one or the other wheel on being lowered will make the impression of its types at
the same point O.
The pivots a being lower than the point 0 (which is the upper level of the
carriage) these pivots, as shown in plan Fig. 17, are moved to the rear of the path
of the carriage, in order to leave this path free. They are arranged upon the
block D which is widened and notched for this purpose.
The arrangement and operation are the same as before. The plate P is provided
upon the arm E which has a lifting spring. Along this plate are the guides uu
for the slide or traveller K (Fig. 17) upon which the rod M is pivoted.
The string is wound upon the drum, and upon the pulleys m and n (not
represented) which are fixed in an inclined position like the drum f. The knife-
shaped rod 17 corrects the position of the types. by the wheel g.
Near the end of the arm E is fixed a part 36 carrying a roller 35 which takes
below the bent end of the arm 34 which projects from the arm E³.
When I lower
this arm the wheel F falls by its own weight. If necessary, however, a spring is
provided in order to augment or even diminish the action of the weight, the
inclination of the machine in operation producing also in this case the before-
mentioned effects.
The flexibility of the cord is still utilized, but the parts which ensure the
displacement and the lateral separation of the wheel are dispensed with. In
Figs. 16 and 17 the rod I is further away from the centre than before, it may also
be brought near the upper part of the support X, for example at I' (Fig. 16).
If for the impression I do not use the ordinary ribbon it will be preferable to
join the two inking rollers 22, 22¹ as shown in elevation from the left hand side
Fig. 18, in plan Fig. 17, and in front elevation Fig. 16. The part which united
their rods is fixed to the lower extremity of a rod 43 either in a flexible manner
or by means of an articulation with a spring 42 which assures the same result.
This rod is mounted at the top of a gibbet support 39, 40 so as to oscillate like
the balance of a clock. Two spring strips 41, 41' move this part back to the
vertical position. A bent appendix 38 is attached to the end of the axis, upon
which turns the type wheel. When this wheel F descends, the type in position
encounters the roller 22 which yields; then the appendix 38 acting like a cam
upon the side of the heart 37 pushes the rod 43 to the left of the operator and
the roller 22 is charged with ink on the left face of the wheel F, while the type
makes its impression at the point O. When the wheel F is raised the rollers
return to the normal position and are ready to ink a type on the corresponding
wheel which descends.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A typewriter composed of two symmetrical halves, characterised by the
means for turning a type wheel and bringing it into approximate position,
substantially as set forth.
2. In a typewriter the arrangement of the cord with two pulleys, one in front,
the other behind, in such a manner, as not only to cause the wheel to rotate on its
axis without friction, but in order that, owing to the Hexibility of the stretched
but long cord, the type wheels, in spite of the fixity of the pulleys and of the
cursor or slide, may be lowered and displaced laterally.
3. In a typewriter, the arrangement of the small cord, rolled up on the drum (f),
in the manner specified, and having its two extremities attached to the periphery
of the said drum and passing over two fixed pulleys (m and n), arranged at a
certain distance in front of and behind the said drum.

page_text: 4. In a typewriter the slide or traveller sliding on fixed guides, to which the
little cord is fixed, substantially as set forth.
5. In a typewriter the arrangement of a long rod, one extremity of which is
doubly pivoted on the slide or traveller, and the other furnished with an indicating
or inarking cone, substantially as set forth.
6. In a typewriter the arrangement of a holed indicator or marking plate
attached to the pedal which carries the type wheel and which is provided with holes
made in such a manner that each of them gives the indication from one of the
types on the wheel; so that, in depressing the cone into a hole and supporting it,
the desired, type is carried into position and forced to give an impression.
7. In a typewriter the dividing of the pedal into two parts, the one which carries
the indicating or marking plate, and which remains under the influence of the
lifting spring, and the other resting thereon and carrying the type wheel, the
shocks of which against the paper thus no longer depend upon the pressure of
the finger.
:
8. In a typewriter the modification which consists in placing the type-wheels
(instead of arranging them at the extremity of a pedal) at the extremity of a
jointed arm, arranged between two points, behind and beneath the paper carriage,
in such a manner that they can turn freely, in binding them with the plate by
means of a bracket and a square, so that when the plate is lowered, they are
lowered by their own weight independently of the pressure of the finger and so
that the two type wheels may be symmetrically arranged, but, however, so that a
lateral deplacement of these wheels on the axes of their jointed arms, and
consequently a tension of the small cord, is not necessary.
9. In a typewriter an inking arrangement consisting of two rollers at the
end of an oscillating stem which is moved by a square, at the extremity of a
jointed arm.
10. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting my new or improved
typewriter substantially as set forth.
Dated this 29th day of August 1896.