Improvements in or relating to the Joints of Earthenware Drain Pipes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Oct., 1896
Complete Specification Left 12th July 1897-Accepted. 14th Aug.. 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Joints of Earthenware Drain
Pipes.
I, ROBERT ALEXANDER LOWE, of Lower Chislehurst, Kent, Builder, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the formation of earthenware drain pipes and making
the joints thereof, with the view of obtaining improved results in practice.
It is well known that ordinary earthenware drain pipes are made in short
lengths, and with a socket on one end of each length. Apart from difficulties
arising in making the sockets perfectly sound and complete, and in making.
thoroughly tight joints between the spigot end of one pipe and the socket end of
the next pipe, the use of sockets as well as their close proximity frequently tends
to the practice of laying a line of drainage pipes upon the sockets only, so that the
weight of the superincumbent earth often fractures the pipes--or at least disturbs
the joints after they have been made, thus causing leakages of sewage matter and
sewer gas. To avoid the difficulties indicated, it has often been proposed to dis-
pense with sockets, or to flatten the bottom of the pipes, whereby they are supported-
more evenly upon the bottom of the trench, but the joints are often found defective.
By my invention I also dispense with sockets, and make the pipes of longer
length than usual wherever possible, in order to reduce the number of joints to
be made; but I also form both ends of each pipe with an outwardly inclined or
chamfered edge, so that when two pipes are laid close together they butt upon a
narrow annular rim and present an outward V groove around the pipe.
addition, I sometimes form one or more shallow grooves round the pipes, near each
end, such groove or grooves being formed in the thickness of the pipe, and being
dovetailed, V shape, semi-circular, or other form in section. The pipes them-
selves are made circular, egg-shaped, flat-bottomed, or of other forms as required
in cross section.
In
In forming the joints, the one end of one pipe is butted against the adjoining
end of another, and a thin layer of clay, cement or other adhesive material is
wiped into the V grooves formed by the chamfered edges; the surplus being
removed from the inside of the pipe. Around the pipe I then cast or flow a
covering of cement or composition so as to completely cover the joint and the
adjoining grooves, resembling-in appearance--a plumber's wiped joint upon.
lead pipe. The casting is effected by means of a two part mould, suitably hinged
or connected together, which is formed and proportioned to fit entirely around the
pipe when the parts are put together. The mould is of any suitable material, and is
fitted as closely at its edges to the pipe as may be; any orifices being stopped with clay,
while the interior portion of the mould is hollowed out to the shape of the afore-
said joint covering of cement or composition. At the upper portion of the mould
an opening is provided, through which the material forming the joint covering is
poured. The pipes are preferably laid on a concrete bed, a cavity being formed

page_text: in the concrete at the position of the pipe joints by the temporary insertion of a
brick or wood block, this cavity admitting of the clay or other ingredient being
wiped into the aforesaid V or groove and also for the insertion of the lower part of
the mould. The upper part of the mould is then clamped or otherwise fixed, the
joint made as described above, and after the joint covering has set the mould is
removed, the haunches of pipe filled in with concrete, and the trench may be
filled in.
The joint covering consists of a composition of tar, pitch, asphalte, or other
suitable material; and an advantage claimed is that by the aforesaid means a
water-tight joint can be made in waterlogged ground.
Dated this 10th day of October 1896.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433 Strand, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Joints of Earthenware Drain
Pipes.
I, ROBERT ALEXANDER LOWE, of Lower Chislehurst, Kent, Builder, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to he per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to the formation of earthenware drain pipes and making
the joints thereof, with the view of obtaining improved results in practice.
It is well known that ordinary earthenware drain pipes are made in short
lengths, and with a socket at one end of each length. Apart from difficulties
arising in making the sockets perfectly sound and complete, and in making
thoroughly tight joints between the spigot end of one pipe and the socket end of
the next pipe, the use of sockets, as well as their close proximity, frequently tends
to the practice of laying a line of drainage pipes upon the sockets only, so that the
weight of the superincumbent earth often fractures the pipes-or at least disturbs
the joints after they have been made, thus causing leakage of sewage matter and
sewer gas. To avoid the difficulties indicated, it has often been proposed to dis
pense with sockets, or to flatten the bottom of the pipes, whereby they are supported
more evenly upon the bottom of the trench, but the joints are often found defective.
By my invention I also dispense with sockets, and make the pipes of greater
length than usual whenever possible, in order to reduce the number of joints to
be made; but I also form both ends of each pipe with an outwardly inclined or
chamfered edge, so that when two pipes are laid close together they butt upon a
narrow annular rim and present an outward V groove around the pipe.
addition, I sometimes form one or more shallow circumferential grooves neár each
end of the pipe, the cross section of such groove or grooves being dovetailed
V'shape, semi-circular; or of other suitable shape. The cross section of the pipes
themselves may be circular, egg-shaped, flat-bottomed, or otherwise, as required.
The accompanying drawings represent in section two ends of pipe formed and
joined together according to my invention. A and B indicate earthenware pipes
chamfered at their ends so as to form together a groove, and provided with
circumferential grooves, b. Cindicates the joint covering, made of plastic
composition, and rounded at both ends.
In
In forming the joints, one end of one pipe is butted against the adjoining end
of another, a thin layer of clay, cement, or other adhesive material is wiped into
the V groove fromed by the chamfered edges, and the surplus removed from the

page_text: inside of the pipe, or an adhesive tape may be used instead of the clay. Around
the pipe I then cast a covering of suitable cement or composition, so as to com-
pletely cover the joint and the adjoining grooves, resembling-in appearance-
a plumber's wiped joint upon lead pipe. The casting is effected by means of a
two-part mould, suitably hinged or connected together, which mould is formed
and proportioned to fit entirely around the pipe when the parts are put together.
The mould is of any suitable material, and is fitted at its edges as closely to the
pipe as may be, any orifice being stopped with clay; while the interior portion of
the mould is hollowed out to the shape of the aforesaid joint covering of cement
or composition. At the upper portion of the mould an opening is provided, through
which the material forming the joint covering is poured. The pipes are pre-
ferably laid on a concrete bed, a cavity being formed in the concrete at the position
of the pipe joints by the temporary insertion of a brick or wood block, this cavity
admitting of the clay or other ingredient being wiped into the aforesaid V groove,.
or of the adhesive tape being inserted, and also affording room for the insertion
of the lower part of the mould. The upper part of the mould is then clamped or
otherwise fixed, the joint made as described above, and after the joint covering has
set the mould is removed, the haunches of pipe filled in with concrete, and the
trench may be filled in.
The joint covering consists of a composition of tar, pitch, asphalte, or other
suitable material; and an advantage claimed is, that by the aforesaid means a
water-tight joint can be made in water logged ground.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said In-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
A pipe joint made by joining together two butt-ended earthenware pipes having
a plain or grooved circumference and forming between them an annular outer
groove, then filling the said groove with clay or an adhesive tape, casting round
the ends a ring of plastic mass by means of a divided mould, and finally removing
the said mould, substantially as described.
1 T..1.. 100-
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
37 and 39, Essex Street, Strand, London, Agents.