IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR NELING
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Lyall, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
NELING "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Lyall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1880.
JAMES LYALL, of the City and State of New York, United States of America.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Letters Patent dated 13th November 1872, No. 3377, have heretofore been
obtained by me, in which a loom is described having a shuttle driver that receives
a positive motion and carries the shuttle from one end of the race to the other, and in
which the shuttle is started and stopped gradually, and in which the lay has a
dwell or very slow movement when away from the fill of the goods so as to give
time for the passage of the shuttle, and a rapid movement in beating up the weft.
In practice I have found that the said improved loom wears the warp but little,
and the motion is so gentle and regular that neither the warp or the weft is as
liable to break as in the ordinary looms, hence that the attendant has scarcely
anything to do except to fill the shuttle with weft thread when a bobbin is exhausted.
In practice one attendant can run three or four of these looms with as little labor
as one ordinary loom.
My present Invention is made with a view to economise space and labor, and
lessen cost of construction and save power in running the looms, and to lessen the
cost of attendance upon such looms.
In my present improvement I construct the loom so as to weave three or four
pieces of fabric at the same time; this is to be distinguished from looms that have
heretofore been made in which ribbon or other narrow fabrics are woven, and in
which the shuttle is longer than the width of the fabric, and the mechanism that
moves the shuttle acts at each side of the fabric. By my present improve-
ment the goods may be of any desired width, and the loom can be run for weaving
any widths that are less than the width of the reed, thus giving to the looms great
power of adaptation to the various characters of fabrics that may from time to time
come into fashion.
The weaving of each piece of goods is independent of the others, except that one
weft thread runs out or breaks in either of the fabric grouped into one loom; the
ח

page_text: en
loou
loom is automatically stopped, and the attendant can also stop the entire
hen standing at any place along the breast beam.
If the weft threads or fillings were as liable to break in my loom as in an ordinary
loom, then there would be a loss in the weaving power by grouping four pieces of
goods into one loom, because the frequent stoppages, and consequent loss in the
production of fabric, would be greater than the expense of attendants to run
separate looms, but in consequence of the small per centage of stoppages a great
saving is effected by the grouping together of three or more pieces of fabric in one
loom.
In order to effect this I have devised several improvements that render the
operations of the loom uniform and reliable. I connect all the heddle motions by
rods that run from the prime mover to the harness straps or cords, so that all of
the heddles receive the same motion, whether near or distant from the actuating
device. The shuttle drivers are connected by rods, so that uniformity of distance
from one to the other is maintained regardless of any stretch in the driving bands.
The shuttle drivers can be easily removed for cleaning or repairs; the band that
actuates them can be easily tightened, and the pulley and crank mechanism that
give motion to the band are constructed in a peculiar manner, so as to be adjustable
for varying the relative movements of the parts, and producing more or less dwell
at the end of the shuttle movement.
In weaving sail cloth, jute, grain, and coffee bags, and other heavy or coarse
articles, the breakage of thread is so seldom that I am able to place two looms in
reverse positions, the breast beams coming towards each other, with a passage way
between them for the attendant, who in this way is able to attend the two looms
and weave eight pieces of goods.
When tubular fabrics, such as bags, are being woven, it is usual to weave a
solid portion to form the bottom of the bag to avoid the necessity of sewing
the tube together at the bottom; the pattern chain has been made of as many
links as there are weft threads, a portion of the chain being adapted to the
tubular weaving, and another portion to the solid weaving. I make use of a short
pattern chain or wheel, one set of links being adapted to plain weaving, the next
set of links to tubular weaving, and so on throughout the chain or wheel, and I
move the wheel or chain two links at a time to continue to weave either tube
or solid until the change takes place in the actuating devices, and I use a peculiar
device for moving the chain so as to bring one part or the other into action on the
headle mechanism.
The stop motion of the loom consists of a belt shifter acted upon by a lever and
a crank, and pinion moved by a sector, and a bar that runs along near the breast
beam. There is also a spring that is latched back out of action, but liberated to
act upon the stop mechanism whenever a weft thread breaks or runs out; fingers
are provided that feel for the weft thread as the lay comes up; when the thread
is absent the fingers are not moved, and a rocker drops into the path of an arm
upon a rock shaft that gives motion to the pocket and to a bolt and stop-motion
rock-shaft, and by this the belt stop spring is liberated and the loom stopped.
I also make use of a positive take up mechanism and a winding or cloth roller
having a frictional connection to the automatic rotating mechanism so as to take
up the goods regularly as made, and to wind them up on a roller.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Lyall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th May
1881.
JAMES LYALL, of the City and State of New York, United States of America.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Letters Patent have heretofore been obtained by me in which a loom is described
having a shuttle driver that receives a positive motion, and carries the shuttle
from one end of the race to the other, and in which the shuttle is started and
stopped gradually, and in which the lay has a dwell or very slow movement
when away from the fill of the goods, so as to give time for the passage of the
shuttle and a rapid movement in beating up the weft.
'In practice I have found that the said improved loom wears the warps but little,
and the motion is so gentle and regular that neither the warp or the weft is as
liable to break as in the ordinary looms, hence that the attendant has scarcely any-
thing to do except to fill the shuttle with weft thread when a bobbin is exhausted.
In practice one attendant can run three or four of these looms with as little labor
as one ordinary loom.
My present Invention is made with a view to economise space and labor, and
lessen cost of construction and save power in running the looms, and to lessen the
cost of attendance upon such looms.
In my present improvement I construct the loom so as to weave three or four
pieces of fabric at the same time; this is to be distinguished from looms that have
heretofore been made in which ribbon or other narrow fabrics are woven, and in
which the shuttle is longer than the width of the fabric, and the mechanism that
moves the shuttle acts at each side of the fabric. By my present improvement the
goods may be of any desired width, and the loom can be run for weaving any
widths that are less than the width of the reed, thus giving to the looms.great
power of adaptation to the various characters of fabric that may from time to time
come into fashion.
The weaving of each piece of goods is independent of the others, except that
when one weft thread runs out or breaks in either of the fabrics grouped into one
loom the entire loom is automatically stopped, and the attendant can also stop the
entire loom when standing at any place along the breast beam.
If the weft threads or fillings were as liable to break in my loom as in an
ordinary loom, then there would be a loss in the weaving power by grouping four
pieces of goods into one loom, because the frequent stoppages and consequent loss
in the production of fabric would be greater that the expense of attendants to run
separate looms, but in consequence of the small percentage of stoppages a great
saving is effected by the grouping together of three or more pieces of fabric in one
loom.
In order to effect this I have devised several improvements that render the
operations of the loom uniform and reliable. I connect all the heddle motions by
rods that run from the prime mover to the harness straps or cords so that all of the
beddles receive the same motion, whether near or distant from the actuating
device. The shuttle drivers are connected by rods, so that uniformity of distance
from one to the other is maintained regardless of any stretch in the driving bands..
The shuttle drivers can be easily removed for cleaning or repairs; the band that
actuates them can be easily tightened, and the pulley and crank mechanism that give
motion to the band are constructed in a peculiar manner so as to be adjustable for
varying the relative movements of the parts and producing more or less dwell at
the end of the shuttle movement..

page_text: In weaving sail cloth, jute, grain, and coffee bags, and other heavy or coarse
articles the breakage of thread is so seldom that I am able to place two looms in
reverse' positions, the breast beams coming towards each other with a passageway
between them for the attendant, who in this way is able to attend the two looms
and weave eight pieces of goods.
When tubular fabrics, such as bags, are being woven, it is usual to weave a solid
portion to form the bottom of the bag to avoid the necessity of sewing the tube
together at the bottom; the pattern chain has been made of as many links as there
are weft threads, a portion of the chain being adapted to the tubular weaving and
another portion to the solid weaving. I make use of a short pattern chain or wheel,
one set of links being adapted to plain weaving, the next set of links to tubular
weaving, and so on throughout the chain or wheel, and I move the wheel or chain
two links at a time to continue to weave either tube or solid until the change takes
place in the actuating devices, and I use a peculiar device for moving the chain so
as to bring one part or the other into action on the heddle mechanism.
The stop motion of the loom consists of a belt shifter acted upon by a lever, and
a crank and pinion moved by a sector, and a bar that runs along near the breast
beam. There is also a spring that is latched back out of action, but liberated to
to act upon the stop mechanism whenever a weft thread breaks or runs out;
When the
fingers are provided that feel for the weft thread as the lay comes up.
thread is absent the fingers are not moved, and a rocker drops into the path of an
arm upon a rock shaft that gives motion to the rocker, and to a bolt and stop
motion rock shaft; and by this the belt stop spring is liberated, and the loom
stopped.
I also make use of a positive take up mechanism, and a winding or cloth roller,
having a frictional connection to the automatic rotating mechanism, so as to take
up the goods regularly as made, and to wind them upon a roller.
In the Drawing,-
Fig. 1 is a plan of the loom adapted to weaving four pieces of goods.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of one half of the loom, showing the heddle frames, reeds,
take up mechanism, etc., at the left hand end of the loom.
Fig. 3 is a section of part of the raceway, showing two of the shuttle drivers and
the connections between them.
Fig. 4 is a cross section at the line x, x, Fig. 2, showing the harness rods, pulleys,
and straps to the heddle frames; the parts of this Figure are twice the size of the
same parts in Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is an elevation of the gearing for communicating motion from the motor
shaft to the main and second shafts of the loom, and showing also the means for
adjusting the parts and varying the differential motion to the main shaft.
Fig. 6 is an elevation partly in section of the parts for operating the brake
lever of the motor, these being so placed as to show more clearly their connection
with the parts shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of the mechanism for rotating the take up rollers.
Fig. 8 is a sectional plan of the mechanism for giving motion to the bands that
move the shuttle drivers.
Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation of said mechanism, showing the means for
adjusting the parts, and thereby giving more or less dwell to the shuttles when
stopping and starting.
Fig. 10 is an elevation, and
Fig. 11, an end view of one of the guide rollers and its support for one of the
belts or cords that pass from the driving drum to the shuttle drivers.
Fig. 12 is a plan view of the mechanism for stopping the loom, either
automatically or by hand.
Fig. 13 is a sectional plan, showing the crank and the slide that is operated by
it, which latter actuates the belt shifting lever.
Fig. 14 is a sectional elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 12.

page_text: 10 1s an elevation UI the pattern cam or water and parts connected
therewith for operating the heddle levers.
Fig. 16 is an elevation of the parts that control and give motion to the pattern
chain, and determine the weaving of the tubular and solid portions of the fabric.
Fig. 17 is a diagram illustrating a modification in the gearing between the
second and third shafts for giving a differential motion to the third shaft, and
thereby more or less dwell in starting and stopping the heddle cams and parts
connected therewith.
The breast beam A and bar A' at the front of the machine connect the frames B, B,
together, and C, C, are the bars of the back frames; these parts are bolted
together.
The power to drive the machine is applied to the shaft a, upon which are the
fast and loose pulleys D, D', and also a pinion a' gearing into a wheel b, which,
together with the pinion 6, are upon a gudgeon or stud 2 that is supported by a
bearing block 62 bolted upon the frame B¹, and made adjustable by the attaching
bolts passing through slots, so that the position of this stud 2 can be varied.
e is the main shaft of the loom having cranks 3 and connecting rods c¹ to the lay
frame d which is pivoted at the lower ends 4 of the swords.
The shaft e receives motion from the wheel b, but these parts are intermediately
connected through the crank 5, the pin of which crank passes into a radial slot
across said wheel b.
If the stud 2 is adjusted so as to be in line with the shaft e, the said shaft e will
move at the same regular speed as the wheel b; but if one shaft is eccentric to the
other, the crank pin will, at one part of the revolution, be nearer the axis of the
wheel b than at the other part, hence the motion given to the shaft c will be faster
at one part of its rotation than the speed of the wheel b, and slower at another part
of its motion, and these parts are placed so as to produce a dwell or slow movement
when the lay is drawn back in order to give time for the shuttle to be moved
along its raceway when the reeds are away from the fell of the goods and the warp
shed open.
The second or counter shaft e¹ is connected by the gear 7 to the pinion 6 so as
to revolve once to every two revolutions of 6; and at the other end of e¹ there are
bevel gears 8 and 9 to the vertical shaft e from which motion is given to the belt
that moves the shuttle driver.
At the lower end of e¹ is a disk e³ and crank pin ee with a connecting rod f to
the toothed sector or rack g pivoted at g¹ and receiving from the connecting rod f
a swinging movement, see Fig. 8. The teeth of this rack revolve the pinion 10 first
one way and then the other.
Above the pinion 10 is the band wheel h with bands or belts k that pass around
the rollers or pulleys 11 and 12 on the lay to the shuttle drivers 1, hereafter
described.
If the pinion 10 is upon the shaft of the band wheel h, then the motion thereof
will be accelerated and retarded to the extent that results from the swinging sector
stopping and starting gradually as the crank of the rod f passes the center; but to
produce a greater acceleration and retardation of the movement of the band wheel h
and the shuttles that receive motion therefrom, I make use of a crank arm 15 upon
the upper end of the shaft of the pinion 10, see Fig. 9, and support the band
wheel upon a separate shaft in the movable journal boxes h¹, and I provide a
radial slot in the under side of the band wheel for the crank pin on the
arm 15.
It will now be apparent that the band wheel will be moved by the crank pin at
the fastest speed when the said crank pin within the slot is nearest the center of
the band wheel, and slowest where the crank pin is farthest away from the center
of the said band wheel, and that the acceleration of the motion given by the crank
to the band wheel will be the greatest when the shaft of the band wheel is
adjusted to its most eccentric position relatively to the shaft of the crank, and the
reverse.

page_text: The band wheel is of a size adapted to give the necessary movement to the shuttle
by one revolution of such band wheel, or nearly so, and the parts are to be placed
so that the accelerated motion is given to the shuttle when moving through the
shed, and the gradual stopping and starting movement when the shuttle is out of
the cloth, and during the time the filling is being beaten up.
The lay d has upon it the shuttle raceway m and two or more sets of reeds n.
I prefer and use four sets of reeds. There is also a shuttle rail o, the under edge
of which is at an inclination to the upper edge of the raceway m, so that the
space for the shuttle to move in is widest next to the reeds, and hence the shuttle
cannot fall out. There are plates o² between the respective sets of reeds, the
surfaces of which are in line with the face of the reeds so as to form a straight
face for the shuttle to run against. These plates may be removable to allow for
taking out or inserting the shuttle or substituting another.
Each shuttle has bottom rollers that run upon the top of the race m, and top
rollers that run against the underside of the rail o, and the shuttle drivers are
within the raceway, and have lower rollers upon which the drivers run, and upper
rollers that extend up through the longitudinal slot in the shuttle race to give
motion to the shuttle by pressing against the lower rollers of the shuttle. The
warps are above and below the shuttle, and hence the rollers of the shuttle
roll against the warps as in looms heretofore made and patented by me.
The shuttle drivers are connected together by metal rods p¹, see Fig. 3, that are
attached at the respective ends of the drivers, and these rods maintain a uniform
distance between one driver and the other corresponding to the distance between
the end of one reed and the same end of the next reed, in order that all the shuttles
of the loom may be moved by a positive motion, and enter and leave the sheds at
the same time.
The shuttles are provided with quills or tubes for the cops, and I make use of
large cops containing much more weft thread than usual because the shuttle is
large enough to fill the shed between the upper and lower warps, and the cop or
bobbin is as large as the shuttle will receive, and it is consolidated by being pressed
endwise within a tube so as to get as much yarn as possible into the alotted space,
and furthermore the shuttle frame is very light because it does not have to with-
stand the concussion employed in ordinary looms, and as the shuttle is carried at a
regular speed, whether heavy with weft thread or the reverse, a large body of
weft thread can be carried, whereas in ordinary looms the shuttles have to be
heavy in proportion to the weight of filling to obtain an approximately regular
speed when thrown from one side to the other.
The unusual weight of weft thread and consequent length of filling enables me
to weave three or more pieces in one loom with less stoppages of the loom for
filling shuttles than in the same same number of ordinary looms each weaving but
one piece of goods, hence the stoppages of the loom for supplying weft thread will
not be a serious injury in the running of the loom, or the amount of cloth produced
be lessened to such an extent as to neutralize the advantage gained in the cost of
labor by one person attending to the weaving of three or four pieces in one loom;
besides this, the ease with which the filling is carried, the gradual starting and
stopping of the shuttle and the small vibrating motion of the lay, and the freedom
from wear upon the warps reduce the breakage of warp and weft thread to a
minimum, so that the aggregate of stoppages on a four piece loom is usually as
little as on a single loom with the ordinary fly shuttle.
The rollers 11, 12, are upon swinging arms 13 pivoted at 14 upon the raceway,
so that each arm may be swung down and carry the roller out of the way, and in
so doing the belt or band k will be loosened sufficiently to allow for moving the
shuttle drivers along beyond their normal limit of motion so as to vary the place
of attachment of the shuttle driver to the belt in tightening the belt, or the
shuttle drivers can be slipped endwise out of the raceway m for cleaning or
repairs.
"After the other parts are in place the pulleys 11, 12, and arm 13 are to be

page_text: swung up to place and thereby tighten the band, and the bolts a entering eyes
upon the arms 13 serve to hold them in place. The frames that carry the
pulleys 11 and 12 are bolted upon the arms, and the bolt holes are slotted, as seen
in Figs. 10 & 11, so that the pulleys can be placed correctly in relation to the
direction in which the belt passes from the pulleys a¹s to the pulleys 11 & 12.
The device for stopping the loom by hand or automatically when the filling
thread breaksor runs out, is next described, and reference made to Figs. 1, 5, 6,
12, 13, & 14.
The belt shifter lever E, acts to move the driving belt from the fast pulley D to
the loose pulley D₁, or the reverse; this shifter E is pivoted at E¹, and 23 is a link
from the shifter E to the slide 61, that is upon the under side of a stationary
bar 62.
Upon the upper side of this bar 62 is a pinion 24, whose shaft passes through the
bar 62 and terminates in a small crank 63, with a pin in a transverse slot in the
slide 61, so that when the pinion 24 is given a half revolution the crank moves the
slide 61 and belt shifter from one position to the other and the crank will be at
right angles to the slot or nearly so at the ends of the movement, hence the belt
cannot accidentally move the belt shifter, and the crank is sufficiently powerful in
its actions in starting and stopping the belt shifter.
The segment is employed to turn the pinion 24, and 8 is a bar running all
along the breast beam A just outside of the cloth as it descends over the breast
beam, and the end of this rod s is connected with the lever end of the
segment r, so that the belt shifter can be operated from any place along the front
of the loom to stop or start the loom.
The stop motion rock shaft t also extends along in front of the breast beam and
is supported thereby; it is provided with a finger 25 passing behind the spring 26,
which spring in its normal condition is caught by the latch portion of the slotted
plate 64, but when the rock shaft t is moved, the finger 25 inoves the spring 26
from its latch and by its expansion, the lever r¹, section r, and stop motion are
brought into action to stop the loom.
The rock shaft t has a lever s' opposite to each of the weft stops, so that when
either bolt of the weft stop is operated as hereafter described, the shaft t is rocked
and the stop motion operated. There is a bent lever 27, see Fig. 6, that is held
back by the spring 26, but when said spring is liberated the lever 27 is also
liberated and the brake lever 28 allowed to drop and apply the brake at the back
end of the lever to the pulley D and stop the motion thereof and of the loom.
Upon the shaft e¹ there is a cam 30, and the lever u projects above this cam, and
by them the shaft 31 receives a rocking motion. Upon this shaft 31 there are
feeling arms 32 that swing back and forth below the hinged rocker 29 that is upon
the spring stop bolt 21. When the edge of this rocker 29 drops into the path of
the arm 32 then the stop bolt 21 is moved endwise by 32, and rocks the shaft t
and applies the stop motion.
So long as there is a weft thread in its place the rocker 29 is moved up out of
the way of the end of 32, because there is a little arm that projects up from the
rocker into an eye upon the delicate slide weft feeler 33, the end of which is made
as a segment in the direction of the weft thread, and slotted vertically, so that
when the reed plates of the lay come up in beating up the filling, the thread
intervening between the slotted end of the feeler 33 and the reed plates causes the
reed to move the feeler and rocker just before the cam 30 moves the rock shaft 31
and arms 32, hence the stop motion will not be operated, but if the weft thread is
absent the feeler 33 is not pressed back, and the rocker 29 remains in the path of
32 and the stop motion is liberated.
The weft thread is the means of preventing the stop motion operating, and I
remark that as the shaft e¹ revolves once every two movements of the lay, the
cam 30 is to be placed so as to operate just after the shuttle has passed out of the
shed at the side where the stop motion is applied.
The take up which I prefer and use is a roughened roller q, over which the

page_text: fabric passes.
At the end of q is a wheel 17, and 16 is a worm on the vertical
shaft 18, and there is a circular ratchet wheel 20 actuated by a pawl 41 upon a
sleeve around said shaft, which sleeve is partially revolved by an arm and the rod
42 leading to the eccentric 43 on shaft e¹, and 44 is a stop pawl that is pivoted to
the frame of the loom; these parts are shown in larger size in Figs. 2 and 7.
The winding up 'roller q' is removable from the wheel 67 that is driven by the
worm 66, and it is pressed against it endwise by a spring so that the friction causes
the roller q to revolve and wind up the cloth only as fast as it is made and
moved along by the take-up roller q.
The heddles frames are of usual character, and they carry the heddle eyes for
the warps. From these frames there are the harness straps 45 passing up over the
pulleys 46, and the straps 47 passing down beneath the pulleys 48 on the
respective frame bars K and L, but instead of the straps 45 and 47 passing to the
usual actuating levers, they are connected to rigid harness rods i and i' respectively,
see Figs. 1, 2, & 4.
These harness rods pass along from one harness strap to the next, and there are
upper and lower harness rods to each set of frames or leaves in the beddles, and
they pass to the heddle levers at one end of the compound loom.
It is to be understood that if there are four heddles for weaving the figure or
material of one piece of goods there are four heddle levers and four upper and four
lower harness rods, and that these harness rods extend along and connect to the
corresponding heddles in all the loom, so that all the heddles have the same motion,
and as these heddle rods are of metal or other rigid material they are not liable to
stretch or change form, and all the heddles receive the same motion whether near
to or remote from the heddle levers. This is of very great importance, for if belts
or flexible connections were employed, the distant heddles would not receive the
proper motion. The respective straps are connected to the heddle rods by hooks
to the holes in the rods or other conveniemt means.
The heddle levers may be of any desired character and actuated by any
convenient means, as these improvements are of general application. I have
however shown a known character of heddle lever swinging upon the pivot 70,
and each lever is actuated by its heddle cam 37, jack 38, and knives 39 or 40.
The knives 39 and 40 are moved by the lifters v' that extend to the cranks v²
on a third shaft e². This third shaft e² may be driven by gears 71 from the second
shaft el, as seen in Fig. 15, but I prefer to use elliptical gears, as shown in the
detached view, Fig. 17, between the shaft e¹ and the shaft e², so that the shaft e²
may be moved faster at one time than the other and cause the cranks v² and lifters
to act more gradually in stopping and starting the jacks, heddle cams, and
heddles, than will be the case with the ordinary gearing shown in Fig. 15.
In looms having these jacks, lifters, heddle cams and levers, it is usual to employ
a pattern chain to act upon the jacks and place them in the proper positions to be
taken by the knives, and in weaving bags and other articles where there is a
change in the pattern at intervals, it is usual to employ a pattern chain having as
many links as there are weft threads or shots across the fabric.
One feature of my Invention is the peculiar pattern chain. Instead of bringing
each link into action successively, I move the chain two links each time, so that
one set of links can be adapted to weaving a tube for a bag; the intermediate sets
of links are adapted to weave a solid or single fabric to form the bottoms of the
bags and render it unnecessary to sew them, and I bring into action different pawls,
so that one part or the other of the chain is operative.
The means for accomplishing this are as follows:-
The shaft o' carries the pattern wheel or chain; the links 84 are adapted to
weaving solid fabric, and the intermediate links 85 are adapted to weaving the
hollow or tubular fabric. These respective parts of the chain are each made in the
well known manner to act through the jacks and knives on the heddle cams and
heddle levers l', but as aforesaid the respective links of the pattern chain or wheel
are placed alternately.

page_text: I have shown an eight sided pattern wheel or cylinder, four links 85 of which are
adapted to weaving the open tube, and the intermediate four links 84, are adapted
to the solid weave.
The pawl wheel 88 has eight notches and the roller pawl 89 acts with the same
to check the momentum and hold the wheel and the shaft o¹ of the chain wheel or
cylinder, and at the other end of the shaft o¹ there are two rachet wheels 80 & 87
each having four teeth, the teeth at one wheel being intermediate or at 45° from
those of the other wheel, as seen in Fig. 16.
and
There are two hanging pawls, 55 and 56, at the outer end of the levert,
this lever is rocked by a crank on the main shaft e, acting throug the link to, or
any other suitable power can be used. One pawl 55 is thrown out of action when the
other pawl 56 is in action, and vice versa, and thereby the links 85 of the pattern
chain or cylinder adapted to weave the tube are brought into position to act on the
jacks, or else the intermediate links 84, that are adapted to weave solid fabric.
In consequence of the motion given to the pawls being taken from a crank on
the main shaft e, the pattern chain or wheel receives a very gradual movement, so
that it is not likely to move more than one space at a time, whereas if it received
an accelerated motion similar to that given to the knives and jacks the pattern
wheel might be turned too far by the momentum given to it.
To move the pawls 55 and 56 into and out of action, I use the chain 90 that is
on the arbor of the take up roller q, and one link of this chain has a projection 91.
This chain is of a length corresponding to that of the bag; it is moved along
by the turning of the take-up roller; the parts that weave tubular fabric are
usually in action, but when the cam 91 comes against the bent lever 92 it is
moved, and by the rocking lever 93, links 94, bent levers 95, and links 96, one
pawl 56 is thrown out of action and the other pawl 55 thrown into action to cause
the pattern chain to produce solid weaving, and this solid weaving continues so
long as the cam 91 is in action against the lever 92. The length of the solid
portion of the bag will depend upon the length of the cam or projection 91.
I claim as my Invention,-
First. The combination in a loom for weaving of mechanism for stopping the
rotation of the motor, and a bar s running along in front of the breast beam,
whereby the stop motion can be brought into action by the attendant at any part
of the front of the loom, substantially as set forth.
Second. The combination in a loom of the belt shifter and a crank and stop
motion mechanism for giving to the crank a half circular movement, so as to act to
hold the belt shifter in either position with but little strain on the mechanism that
revolves the crank, substantially as set forth.
Third, The combination with the belt shifter and crank of a pinion, a sector
lever, a spring, and automatic knock off mechanism, operated by the loom to
liberate the spring when the weft thread breaks or runs out, substantially as set
forth.
Fourth. The combination in a loom adapted to weaving two or more pieces of
goods, of a rock shaft receiving a positive movement, mechanism for feeling for the
weft thread, a rocker, a bolt, and a connection to the stop mechanism that is moved
by the bolt and the rock shaft when either rocker is not raised by the weft thread,
substantially as set forth.
Fifth. The combination in a loom for weaving three or more pieces of fabric
of a weft stop-moving mechanism for each piece of fabric mechanism for
communicating the power necessary to operate the devices that are intermediate
between the weft stop and the belt shifter and such belt shifting mechanism,
substantially as specified.
Sixth. The combination with the belt shifting mechanism, substantially as set
forth, of a brake lever and weight, a bent lever, and the spring that operates the
belt shifter and liberates the brake, substantially as set forth.

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Seventh. The combination in a loom for weaving of the shaft e and cranks and
connecting rods to the lay with the shaft e¹, receiving an uniform movement, the
driving shaft a, the connecting gearing a, b, 6, and 7, the crank 5 on the shaft e,
the adjustable bearing 62 and shaft 2 for the wheel b, and the slide in the wheel b
for the crank pin, substantially as set forth, whereby the shaft e can be revolved
and the parts adjusted to give a dwell of a greater or less extent to the shaft e,
substantially as set forth.
Eigtb. In a loom for weaving, in which the shuttle is moved positively by a
driver, the combination with the band for moving the shuttle driver and its
actuating wheel of a revolving crank, the pin of which acts upon the band wheel,
and mechanism for adjusting the position of the shaft of the band wheel relatively
to the shaft of the crank so as to give a greater or less acceleration to the movement
of the band wheel, substantially as set forth.
Ninth. The combination in a loom for weaving, of a shuttle driver, bands for
moving the same, a band wheel, a pinion and toothed sector for revolving the band
wheel, a connecting rod, and a crank for giving motion to the sector, substantially
as set forth.
Tenth. In a loom for weaving two or more pieces of fabric at the same time, the
combination with two or more shuttle drivers and the hollow raceway for the
same, of one or more rigid connections between the respective shuttle drivers to
maintain them at an uniform distance from one another, substantially as set
forth.
Eleventh. The combination in a loom for weaving two or more pieces of fabric,
of one raceway for the shuttle drivers extending all across the lay, a lay frame
adapted to receive two or more sets of reeds, and an upper shuttle rail supported
adjustably upon the lay frame, two or more shuttle drivers in the raceway and
mechanism for moving the same, and a shuttle in the space between each driver and
the upper shuttle rail, substantially as set forth.
Twelfth. In combination with the raceway, shuttle driver, and belt or band and
end pulley, a swinging arm for such pulley and a bolt or holding device, whereby
the pulley can be swung down to loosen the band without being detached,
substantially as set forth.
Thirteenth. The combination in a looom for weaving two or more pieces of fabric,
of a take-up roller for each piece of fabric, mechanism for giving a positive motion
to the same, a wind-up roller for each piece, a frictional mechanism for rotating the
same, and the eccentric rod, ratchet, and pawl to each set of take up mechanism,
and one shaft e¹ for giving motion to the whole of the takerup devices, substantially
as set forth.
Fourteenth. In a loom for weaving two or more pieces of fabrics, separate
heddles and harness frames and straps for each piece of goods, in combination with
rigid bars or rods passing from the harness for one piece to the harness for the
other piece, and mechanism for giving an end movement at the proper time to the
said bars or rods, substantially as set forth.
Fifteenth. The combination with knives, jacks, heddle levers and heddle cams,
of a pattern chain or wheel having two sets of links placed alternately, one set for
weaving a tubular fabric and the other set for weaving a solid fabric, and
mechanism for rotating the said wheel or chain, two links at a time, and for
bringing into action either set of such links, substantially as set forth.
Sixteenth. The combination with a pattern chain or wheel having two sets of
links placed alternately, of the two pawl wheels 86 and 87, pawls 55 and 56, and
mechanism for moving the same and for bringing the pawls into action alternately,
substantially as specified.
Seventeenth. The combination with the knives and jacks of differential gear
wheels connecting the shafts e¹ and e² and the crank ² and connecting rods v¹,
whereby the jacks are started and stopped gradually, in combination with the

page_text: pawl for moving the pattern chain or wheel, and a lever and connection to the
lay shaft e for giving a gradual motion to said pattern chain, substantially as set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Lyall, have hereunto set my hand and
11001
TOOK
•T'S LOTO TO Con man uns im
JAMES LYALL. (L.S.)
Witnesses,
GEO. T. PINCKNEY, 140, Nassau St., New York, N.Y.,
J. STAIB,
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