IMPROVEMENTS IN THE IRON KNEES AND RIDERS FOR SHIPS' FASTENINGS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Cato, of Brunswick Dock, in the Town of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Ship Builder, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE IRON KNEES AND RIDERS FOR SHIPS' FASTENINGS
Scaled the 14th November 1865, and dated the 3rd August 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Cato at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August
1865.
I, PETER CATO, of Brunswick Dock, in the Town of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Ship Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON KNEES AND RIDERS FOR SHIPS' FASTENINGS,
AND IRON FRAMES FOR WOOD AND IRON SHIPS," to be as follows, viz. :-
The manufacture of rolled and forged iron of the forms marked respectively
Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the Drawing hereunto annexed; such bars to be bent
and formed for knees and riders in the lower hold and between decks of wood
and iron ships. No. 1 is a beam iron knee iron; No. 2 an OG T-iron;

page_text: No. 3 a rabetted T-iron; No. 4 a bulb T-iron; all of which may be applied
as iron knees and riders in the lower hold and between decks of wood and
iron ships. Also any of the said sections of bars may be applied for the ribs
of iron framed ships with wood planking, commonly called composite built
ships, for which I claim that my Patent is specially adapted. The advantage
of my Invention over any other now in force is that it is much stronger, and
also has the advantage of bolts not running in a regular line, but "zig-zag"
on each side of the bulb, thereby considerably lessening the risk of splitting
the timber through which the bolts pass, as compared with those heretofore
in use, such as solid or grooved knee bars. In the longitudinal section in my
Invention the bolts cross, as shewn in Figure No. 5 in the Drawing annexed.
This advantage applies to all the above sections Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4, and the so
called beam iron knee iron, or any other of them, may be applied as a junction
knee in the lower hold rider, that is, welded on to the solid iron about three
feet below the throat or hold beam, or it may be made into a knee or rider
entirely of itself,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Cato in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd
January 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
CATO, of Brunswick Dock, in the Town of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Ship Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Peter Cato, Her special licence that I, the said Peter Cato, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Cato, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON KNEES AND RIDERS FOR
SHIPS FASTENINGS AND IRON FRAMES FOR WOOD AND IRON SHIPS," upon the

page_text: condition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter Cato, my exccutors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Cato, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In the construction and manufacture of iron knees and riders applied for
ships' fastenings, my Invention consists in the manufacture and use of knees
and riders of rolled or forged iron (as follows,) and such bars bent and formed
for knees and riders and frames of ships or vessels, whether such ships or
vessels are built altogether of iron, or of iron and wood, known as composite
ships; and I particularly mention that my Invention is also for the union or
junction of my beam iron knee, iron and other sections of iron knees and riders
at the throat or below the beams, or in any other part, to a solid part forming
the angle of the knee and beam arm, and this solid part may be continued
without any welding in the throat of the knee as far down the side arm of the
knee as convenient.
That my said Invention may be clearly understood, I have hereunto
attached a Sheet of Drawings, and herein-after I have referred to the several
views by Figures.
Fig. 1 represents a transverse section of beam iron knee iron; Fig. 2 also a
transverse section of side bulb tee iron; Fig. 3, transverse section rabbeted
tee iron; Fig. 4 transverse section bulb tee iron; Fig. 5 shews junctions of
beam iron knee iron at b, b; Fig. 6 plan of boam iron knee iron shewing the
manner in which the holes are pitched in web of iron.
The advantages of my Invention over any others now in force are, firstly,
that those bars are stronger; secondly, that the bolts or rivets crossing in
such a manner each side the bulb that the timber or iron through which
they pass will be less liable to split or tear than by those formerly used, being
all in one line; thirdly, in covering a greater surface which adds materially
to the strength, the iron bolts or rivets (a) crossing as shown in Figure 6.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and means by
which the same may be carried into practical effect, I would have it distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to any detail in the carrying out of

page_text: my Invention, but what I claim is, that any of the above named sections of
iron may be applied for the frames, riders or knees of iron or composite ships
or vessels, as herein described, and shewn in the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Cato, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twentieth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Signed, declared, and sealed,
in the presence of,
PETER CATO. (L.S.)
Ship Builder,
Liverpool.
Declared before me,
ALFRED CASTILLAIN,
Justice of the Peace for the Borough of Liverpool.
20th Jan. 1866.