IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR MANUFACTURING PILE FABRICS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR MANUFACTURING PILE FABRICS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF OTHER FABRICS."-A communication
from abroad by William Greenwood Hartley, of Saxonville, Massa-
chusetts, United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 24th November 1866, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR MANUFACTURING PILE FABRICS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF OTHER FABRICS," and have petitioned Her
Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her

page_text: Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that
it has been communicated to me from abroad by William Greenwood Hartley,
of Saxonville, Massachusetts, United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal fully
describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed in and by the following statement, reference being
had to the accompanying Sheets of Drawings, making part of this Specification,
in which Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a loom with my improvements applied
thereto; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section through the centre of the
same; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line x, x, of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a
side elevation of the mechanism by which the cloth beams are operated;
Fig. 5 is a plan of my improved knife for cutting the woven fabric into two
pieces; Fig. 6 is a section on the line y, y, of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a modi-
fication of my Invention; Fig. 8 represents one of my improved wire heddles
detached.
My Invention relates particularly to certain improvements in looms for
manufacturing velvets and other fabrics which are made double to be after-
ward divided in two pieces, and the chief portion of my Invention consists
in a circular knife which has a rotary motion, and also moves transversely
across the pile of the fabric as it is fed in one piece (after being woven)
between guide bars against the knife, the construction and position of which
being such that when the fabric is pressed against it the tuft yarn is severed
with a clean and shearing cut, and the single fabric divided into two smooth
and finished pieces, in a simple and expeditious manner.
My Invention also consists in certain mechanism for guiding and giving the
required tension to the tuft forming yarn and for separating the binder warps,
and furthermore in mechanism for winding or taking up the two portions of
the fabric after being cut, and also in other details which will be fully
described hereafter.
To enable others skilled in the art to understand and use my Invention I
will proceed to describe the manner in which I have carried it out. In the
said Drawings A is the framework in suitable bearings, attached to which
runs the driving or crank shaft B, one end of which extends outside the
framework and carries a cog 'wheel C, see Fig. 1, which gears with a cog
wheel D on one end of a shaft E, the other end of which bears a wheel F
which engages with another cog wheel G upon a shaft H provided with four
cams; a, b, are four levers whose outer ends are loosely pivoted at c to a plate

page_text: or hanger I screwed. to the frame, while their inner ends are connected by
cords or wires d to the lower ends of the harness frames J, K, which are
alternately lowered by the cams a striking against projections e, formed on
the upper sides of the levers b; from the sides of the upper portion of the
framework rise the standards.L, which are connected at their tops by a
eross bar M, to which are screwed the bifurcated plates N which form
bearings for the ends of the shafts f, g, to revolve in; h, i, are strips of leather
or belts, the upper ends of the former (h) being secured to the shaft f, and
their lower ends to the heddle frames J, while the upper ends of the belts i are
secured to the shaft 9, and their lower ends to the heddle frames K,,
by which construction as one of each pair of frames J, K, is lowered by the
action of the cams a upon the levers b, the shafts f, g, are made to revolve,
and one pair of the belts h, i, are unwound, simultaneous with which the
other two heddle frames J, K, are raised by the winding of their belts
around the revolving shafts. The standards L with their cross bar M
may be adjusted within the framework should it be necessary to alter the
position of the heddle frames J, K, by means of screws (seen dotted).
and slots k (Fig. 2). . In suitable bearings in the framework runs the warp
beam O, from which proceed two sets of binder warp threads l, m, which are
led over the whip rollers P to the back harness or heddle frames J, and
through the eyes n, o, of the heddles p to the point where the fabric is being
woven, each heddle being provided with two eyes instead of one. The tension
of the binder warps 1, m, is regulated by a friction strap Qin a well-known
manner. R is a beam upon which is wound the tuft forming or pile yarn q,
which is first passed over a guide roller S, and then carried down between
contiguous threads of each of the two upper binder warps 1, and thence under
a tension roller T hung between two bent arms U. secured to a shaft V, having
its bearings in the framework. After being led under the tension roller T
the tuft forming yarns a commence to separate, a portion of them passing
through the eyes r of the heddles in one of the frames K, while the
remaining portion pass through eyes t of the heddles u of the other frame K.
To the outer ends, of the lower portions of the bent arms U are suspended
the weights W, which serve to keep the roller T constantly pressed against
the tuft yarns q, so as to insure their equal tension at all times, and keep
them in a central position between the two sets of binder warps I, m. A
friction strap X passes over the tuft or pile yarn beam R, one end of tho
strap being attached to one of the whip rollers P or a portion of the frame-
work, while the other end of the strap is connected by a cord or wire w to the

page_text: outer ends of the portions of the bent arms U, to which the weights W are
hung, in order that as the tension roller T is moved in the direction of the
arrow 10, the friction strap X may be released from the beam R and the tuft
yarn let off as required.
The mechanism by which the filling is introduced and the tuft yarn q inter-
woven with it, and the binder warps m, will now be described. Y are
connecting rods secured to the crank shaft B and to posts Z, the lower
ends of which are fastened to a shaft A¹ which rests in bearings a¹, and
is allowed to rock freely therein, the upper ends of the posts Z being connected
by a beam B', which extends over beyond the sides of the framework to allow
of room for the construction of boxes C¹ thereon; each box C¹ is divided into
two compartments for the reception of two shuttles D', the lower one of which
travels (over the lower warp m) on a race formed by the top of the beam B',
no race being provided for the upper shuttle, the lower threads of the upper
set of warps being drawn sufficiently tight to support it as it passes over
them. The shuttles D' carrying the filling are thrown simultaneously either
in the same or opposite directions by means of pickers 6', which are made
separate and independent of each other to allow of the shuttles being regulated
as required to conform to the difference in the position of the shed. The
picker sticks are operated as follows:-In bearings E' secured to the inside of
the framework are placed the shafts F¹, around each of which is wound a
spiral spring c', one end of which is secured to the frame, while its other end
is fastened to a projection d' on the shaft F¹ at the foot of an arm G' also
attached to the shaft F¹. From the top of this arm G¹ projects a pin e¹,
around which is bent one end of a rod or wire f¹, the other end of which fits
into a hole g¹ made in a long upright lever H', the lower end of which fits
loosely over a pin h¹ projecting from the upper portion of a collar I' which
surrounds the end of the shaft A' projecting outside the framework, the
collar I being confined to the shaft A¹, and being adjusted in place thereon
by operating a screw . The upper end of each of the levers H¹ passes
through its shuttle box C' and through the pickers 6' within it, a longitudinal
slot being formed in the partition dividing the shuttle compartments, and an
opening being formed in each of the pickers 6' to admit of this being done.
Each shaft F is provided with a conical projection k¹ which is depressed by a
cam on the shaft E as it revolves, by which means the arm G¹ is thrown
forward, carrying with it the lever 'H' in the direction of the arrows 11, the
pickers b' forcibly striking the shuttles D' which are carried across in their
respective paths between the binder warps l, m, the shaft F1 after being

page_text: relieved of the pressure of the cam upon its projection k¹ being returned to
its normal position by the action of the spiral spring c', while the pickers b¹
are left in the outer ends of the shuttle boxes ready to be again thrown
forward on the cam again striking the projection k¹. From the cross
beam B rise two standards J₁ which are connected by a cross piece K¹,
between which and the cross beam B' is secured a metal frame containing a
series of parallel flat strips or bars j', which constitute the "shed" for beating
up the filling. L' is the breast beam, to each end of which is screwed one
end of a bar M', the other end of this bar being bent up at right angles
thereto, and being provided with a recess m', in which fit the ends of two
parallel guide bars N¹, between which the woven fabric in one piece passes
just previous to its being cut, the ends of the lower bar N¹ resting at the
bottom of the recess m', while the ends of the upper bar N¹ are raised or
lowered therein by screws n¹ in order to vary the distance between them for
the purpose of regulating the length of the pile of the fabric.
The construction and operation of the knife by which the fabric is cut into
two pieces will now be described. The shaft E carries a bevel wheel O' which
drives a bevel pinion P¹ on one extremity of a shaft Q which runs in bear-
ings 12 attached to the inside of the framework. The other extremity of the
shaft is provided with a crank o¹, to which is secured one end of a connecting
rod R', the other end of which is fastened to a pin p¹ projecting from the side
of a long upright lever S¹; the lower end of this lever is pivoted to a shaft q'
which rests in bearings in standards T¹ and carries a fast-and-loose pulley r³, §¹ ;
the upper end of the lever S¹ is provided with a shaft t¹ which carries two
pulleys V', W', over the former of which and the pulley r runs a belt X¹;
Y¹ is a connecting rod, one end of which fits loosely on the shaft t'; the other
end of the connecting rod being secured to the knife stock or holder Z', the
bottom of which is of the form seen in Fig. 2, and fits in dovetailed ways 15
screwed to the breast beam L. u¹ is a short shaft, Figs. 5 and 6, the ends of
which rest in bearings v¹ screwed to the knife holder Z', one of the ends of
the shaft u¹ projecting beyond its bearing v¹, and being provided with a bevel
wheel 16, which engages with a bevel wheel 17 on the upper end of a stud 18
rising from the centre of a circular knife w¹, to which is imparted a rotary
motion by a belt 19 passing oven the pulley W¹ and over a drum 20 formed
on the shaft u¹. 21 are metal bills or guard fingers (see Fig. 7) which are
slotted out to enclose a portion of the blade of the knife and serve to lay hold
of and conduct the tuft yarn to the points 22 where it is severed, the knife
revolving in the direction of the arrow 23, and also by the connections above

page_text: described, travelling transversely back and forth, so as to cut the fabric each
way. When the knife moves in the direction of the arrow 23 the tuft yarn
is pressed by it against the edges of the bill 21 in a manner similar to the
action of a pair of shears, whereby a clean even cut is made; whereas, when
the knife moves in the direction contrary to the arrow 23 the cut is rough
and irregular owing to the elastic and yielding nature of the yarn which
requires to be pressed against the bill or guard finger 21 instead of being
drawn away from it to make a smooth and finished cut. In Fig. 5 is shown
acknife provided with but one bill or guard finger 21, the knife cutting in
one direction only and moving back and forth with a much greater velocity
than the feed of the fabric thereto. To the knife holder Z¹ is secured at 24
one end of a strip of metal 25, to the other end of which is attached two flat
springs 26 carrying plates 27 provided with stones 28 between and in contact
with which the knife runs when revolving; by which construction the knife
may be sharpened without the delay occasioned by its removal, and when
properly sharpened the stones may be readily turned to one side by swinging
back the metal strip 25. After the fabric has been split by the knife into two
pieces, they are wound or taken up by means of the following mechanism :-
To each of the posts Z is pivoted one end of a rod 29, the other end of which
is flattened and serves as a pawl which revolves a horizontal ratchet wheel 30
on the lower end of a vertical shaft 31 (Figs. 1 and running in bearings 32
and carrying two worm gears 33 which engage with cog wheels 34 on
horizontal shafts or cloth beams 35, 36, provided with pins or projections 37,
upon which the pieces of cloth are laid and wound up simultaneously by the
vibration of the posts Z. By placing the upper shaft or cloth beam 36 at
a sufficient height, the "right" or "velvet" sides of the two portions of the
fabric are exposed to view after being cut, so that they may be readily
examined for the purpose of detecting any imperfections or ascertaining
if the pattern will match. The power by which the knife is operated is
independent of that which drives the loom in order that it may be turned
back to find the "pick" or filling when it is exhausted and requires to be
renewed. I have spoken of the knife w¹ when used in the loom for dividing
the fabric into two pieces, which are afterward wound up on their respective
cloth beams. I do not, however, confine myself to the use of the knife in
this particular position, as the fabric may be removed from the loom to be
afterward divided by my revolving knife. It will thus be seen that by the above
described arrangement of two sets of binder warps l, m, in connection with
the beddles p provided with two eyes n, o, and the shuttles D¹ for throwing the

page_text: "
filling, a double fabric is woven, which is connected together by the inter-
weaving of the tuft yarns 9 which are alternately crossed and interwoven, first,
with one set of binder warps, and then with the other the tuft yarns running
parallel to the binder warps. It is evident that fancy colored carpets or cloths
of various patterns may be woven by a loom constructed similar to that above
described, it being only necessary to employ the ordinary "drop boxes
operated by tappets, for the purpose of changing the color or size of the filling
when required. These "drop boxes" may be made adjustable independently
of each other by means of set screws or other devices, so as to insure the
shuttles being thrown in a line across the centre of the shed at all times. By
the employment of a "jacquard " Brussels carpeting may also be woven in a
loom of this description, and with a slight modification of the harness it may
be employed in the manufacture of scamless bags, hose pipe, etc., the tuft
forming yarns for connecting the two portions of the fabric being of course
dispensed with.
What I claim as my Invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is a
circular revolving knife w¹ for dividing the pile of the fabric, substantially as
described.
I also claim the parallel guide bars N₁ for regulating the length of the pile
of the fabric, substantially as set forth.
I also claim the combination of the parallel guide bars N¹ with a
circular revolving knife w¹, substantially as and for the purposo set forth.
I also claim in combination with a circular revolving knife w¹, a guard
finger or bill 21, operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
I also claim making the mechanism by which the knife w¹ is revolved and
traversed independent of that by which the loom is operated, substantially as
and for the purpose described.
I also claim the rollers P for guiding and separating the two sets of binder
warps l, m, substantially as set forth.
I also claim the roller S for guiding the tuft forming yaru q, substantially
as described.
I also claim the roller T hung in arms U projecting from the weighted
shaft V, for producing the required tension of the tuft yarn q, substantially as
set forth.
I also claim the cloth beams 35 and 36, with their cog wheels 34 in com-
bination with the vertical shaft 31; with its worm gears 33, and ratchet wheel
30, substantially as described for producing the required "take-up" of the
two pieces of the fabric.

page_text: I also claim one or more stones 28 for sharpening the circular knife w¹
during its revolution and traverse, substantially as set forth.
I also claim a wire heddle provided with two eyes for the purpose of shedding
two sets of binder warps, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
W. ROBT. LAKE,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London, W.C.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)