IM- PROVEMENTS IN STOPPING MOTIONS, APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR PREPARING PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bullough, of the Globe Works, Accrington,
Machinist, and Joseph Smalley, Commercial Traveller, of Acering-
ton, both in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN STOPPING MOTIONS, APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR PREPARING
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bullough and
Joseph Smalley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 26th August 1875.
We, JOHN BULLOUGH, of the Globe Works, Accrington, Machinist,
and JOSEPH SMALLEY, Commercial Traveller, of Accrington, both in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPING MOTIONS, APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY
FOR PREPARING COTTON AND YARN AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
.
}
These improvements consist in using electricity as an agent for
causing machinery to stop automatically. In many cases such an agent
is simpler of application, more prompt and certain in action than the

page_text: mechanical means heretofore used: We have applied it to slubbing,
intermediate, and drawing frames, and also to carding engines to stop
the respective machines when thread; sliver, or web breaks, and it may
be applied with advantage to many similar purposes. A battery being
provided, a slow and constant one; such as a Leclanchi," is preferred,
wires are brought from it to the machine which it is desired to stop
self-actingly when a thread, sliver, or web breaks; one of these wires is
connected to a metallic part of the machine, and the other wire to a
metallic part of the machine also. These metallic parts are so arranged
as to have no metallic connection during the ordinary working of the
machine, but it is also so arranged that as soon as breakage takes place
of thread, sliver, or web, metallic connection is at once established
between these metallic parts. This connection being established a
current of electricity is established which charges an electric magnet,
which magnet by the attractive power it is thus suddenly invested with
pulls the knocker-off into action directly, or by acting on certain lighter
parts causes indirectly the knocker-off to be brought into action. The
metallic parts representing, the one the negative, the other the positive
pole of the battery, are kept apart either by the weight, strength, or
friction of the thread, sliver, or web acting on an instrument whosc
tendency is to connect the said metallic parts, but which tendency is
overcome by the weight, strength, or friction of the thread, sliver, or
web being removed. Or the parts may be kept separate by the thick-
ness of the thread, sliver, or web. Thus in the drawing frame and the
carding engine the callender rollers of the former and the coiler rollers
of the latter are kept apart by the thickness of the sliver, and for the
slubbing and intermediate and for the back stop motion of the drawing
frame a long bottom roller may be used, and a number of top rollers
held in position by suitable arms to be turned by the bottom roller; of
these rollers the bottom one is connected to one pole of the battery, and
the other pole connected to the top rollers, but the thickness of the
thread or sliver keeps the two apart until a breakage occurs, and then
the top roller comes in contact with the bottom one, and the circuit
being completed the electric current is established, the magnet becomes
charged and acts as before stated directly or indirectly on the knocking-

page_text: depressing the other end. This depression causes it to be brought in
position to obstruct the revolving ratchet wheel placed on the revolving
shaft, which shaft is usually employed with the old or spoon stopping
motion. This obstruction causes the V clutch to act in the usual way
and stop the machine. But this clutch is formed with a double incline.
The part of the clutch which slides outwards having got to the top of its
incline is pulled down the other side of the V or incline by the action
of the spring used in the knocking-off motion, and the pressure of the
half or movable part of the clutch in going the reverse side of the V has
the effect of tilting backwards the revolving shaft part of a revolution.
This slight reverse movement reverses the ratchet wheel on the revolving
shaft, and causes it to raise the light end of the lever, and therefore to
force the other end away from the magnet, thus setting it ready for the
next breakage.
1
To prevent a waste of electricity it is desirable that the circuit should
be interrupted as soon as possible after the parts are put in operation
for stopping the machine. To effect this it is provided that in the act of
knocking-off the circuit is interrupted by the severance of the communi-
cation between the battery and one of the metallic parts. On resetting
the machine on, this communication is re-established, but the circuit is
not complete, as the sliver or thread intervenes between the metallic
parts. When these parts come together through the breakage of the
thread or sliver, the circuit is complete for an instant, during which time
the electricity is being consumed, and the knocking-off parts are being
brought into action, but at the next instant the circuit is interrupted by
the severance of the metallic communication between the battery and
one of the metallic parts, and so the waste of electricity is avoided.
In those cases where we act directly on the knocker-off, we give the
magnet a reciprocating motion allowing it to come at the terminus of its
stroke one way in contact with the knocking-off piece, and forcing it
back from the reverse way as far as necessary or desirable. It is
evident when the magnet is not charged it will have no effect on the
knocker-off, but when it is charged, through a breakage of the thread,
sliver, or web, it will pull the knocker-off out of its place, and so stop
the machine.

page_text: SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said John
Bullough and Joseph Smalley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
BULLOUGH, of the Globe Works, Accrington, Machinist, and JOSEPH
SMALLEY, Commercial Traveller, of Accrington, both in the County of
Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said John Bullough and Joseph
Smalley, Her special licence, that we, the said John Bullough and
Joseph Smalley, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said John Bullough and Joseph Smalley, our exc-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STOPPING MOTIONS, APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR PREPARING COTTON AND YARN
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said John Bullough and Joseph Smalley, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office on or before the Eleventh day of March, 1876.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Bullough and Joseph
Smalley, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :—
These improvements consist in using electricity as an agent for
causing machinery to stop automatically. In many cases such an
agent is simpler of application, more prompt and certain in action,

page_text: than the mechanical means heretofore used. We have applied it to
slubbing, intermediate, and drawing frames, and also to carding engines
to stop the respective machines when thread, sliver, or web breaks,
and it may be applied with advantage to many similar purposes. A
battery being provided, a slow and constant one, such as "Lelanchi
is preferred, wires are brought from it to the machine which it is
desired to stop self-actingly when a thread, sliver, or web breaks; one
of these wires is connected to a metallic part of the machine, and the
other wires to a metallic part of the machine also. These metallic
parts are so arranged as to have no metallic connection during the
ordinary working of the machine, but they are also so arranged that
as soon as breakage takes place of thread, sliver, or web metallic
connection is at once established between these metallic parts. This
connection being established a current of electricity is allowed to pass
which charges an electric-magnet, which magnet, by the attractive
power it thus suddenly acquires, pulls the knocker-off into action
directly, or by acting on certain lighter parts which cause indirectly
the knocker-off to be brought into action. The metallic parts repre-
senting the one the negative, the other the positive pole of the battery,
are kept apart either by the thickness of the thread, sliver, or web which
intervenes between them. Thus, in the drawing frame, Sheet 3, and
the carding engine, Sheet 1, the callendar rollers of the former and the
coiler rollers of the latter are kept apart by the thickness of the sliver,
and for the slubbing and intermediate, and for the back stop motion
of the drawing frame, a long bottom roller may be used, and a number
of top rollers held in position by suitable arms to be turned by the
bottom roller; of these rollers the bottom one is connected to one pole
of the battery, and the other pole connected to the top rollers, but the
thickness of the thread or sliver keeps the two apart until a breakage
occurs, and then the top roller comes in contact with the bottom one,
and the circuit being completed the electric current is established, the
magnet becomes charged, and acts as before stated directly or indirectly
on the knocking-off motion.
In the case of the drawing frame the magnet is placed above, and
when charged attracts the heavier end of a double lever, thereby
depressing the other end. This depression causes it to be brought in
position to obstruct the revolving ratchet wheel placed on the revolving
shaft, which shaft is usually employed with the old or spoon stopping

page_text: motion. This obstruction causes the V-clutch-to-act-in-the-usual way
and stop the machine, but this clutch is formed with a double incline.
The part of the clutch which slides outwards having got to the top
of its incline is pulled down the other side of the V or incline by the
action of the spring used in the knocking-off motion, and the pressure
of the half or moveable part of the clutch in going the reverse side of
the V has the effect of tilting backwards the revolving shaft part of a
revolution. This slight reverse movement reverses the ratchet wheel
on the revolving shaft, and causes it to raise the light end of the lever,
and therefore to force the other end away from the magnet, thus setting
it ready for the next breakage.
To prevent a waste of electricity it is desirable that the circuit should
be interrupted as soon as possible after the parts are put in operation for
stopping the machine. To effect this it is provided that in the act of
knocking-off the circuit is interrupted by the severance of the com-
munication between the battery and one of the metallic parts. On
resetting the machine on, this communication is re-established, but the
circuit is not complete, as the sliver or thread intervenes between the
metallic parts. When these parts come together through the breakage
of the thread or sliver the circuit is complete for an instant, during
which time the electricity is being consumed, and the knocking-off parts
are being brought into action, but at the next instant the circuit is
interrupted by the severance of the metallic communication between the
battery and one of the metallic parts, and so the waste of electricity is
avoided.
Such being the nature and object of this our Invention, we will now
proceed to describe the same in detail, and in order that the same may
be fully understood we have hereunto annexed five Sheets of Drawings
illustrating the application of our Invention to carding engines, drawing
frames, intermediate frames, and slubbing frames; from the following
'description, aided by the Drawings, its application to other like machines
will be obvious.

page_text: The drawing frame is shewn partly in section at Fig. 4, and Fig. 5 is
a back elevation of same.
Fig. 6 is a detail of part of "coiler" with adjusting screw pin.
The intermediate frame is shewn at Fig. 7 in front elevation, and at
Fig. 8 is an end elevation.
At Fig. 9 is shewn the application of an instrument whose tendency is
to connect the metallic parts as herein-before referred to.
In the several views referred to, rollers, or the spindle. of a roller or
rollers, and the absence of the material or fibres passed between rollers,
are the medium through which the circuit and current of electricity for
stopping the machine is established. The various parts of the machines
indicated in the following descriptions are marked with numbers of
reference, and the like number indicates a like part in the several views
or Drawings.
1 is the battery; 2, a wire extending therefrom and connected with
the bearing 3 of the rollers 4, 4, and to the bearing × of the coiler
roller 5; 6 is a wire connecting the battery 1, magnet 7, and ratchet
wheel 8, thus charging the ratchet wheel and the gearing lever 9
through the stud 10; the ratchet wheel is insulated from the frame of
the machine by a wood or other non-conducting packing. On the
sliver 11 breaking the absence of fibre between the rollers 4, 4, or coiler
rollers 5 (see Fig. 3) admits of the spring 10* forcing the spindle 11*
of the roller 5 into contact with the charged bearing ×, and the contact
of the two completes the circuit, whereon a current of electricity is
established, and the magnet 7 is invested with attractive power which
attracts one end of the lever 11ª, and its other end is depressed and
caught by the teeth of the ratchet wheel 12, the boss of which has an
incline 13, which acting on the incline of the boss 14 slides the latter
on its shaft, and pushes by means of the arm 15 the gearing lever 9 off
its supporting notch 16, and the lever falls to the bottom of the slot of
the bracket 17, thereby removing the pinion 18 out of gear with the
wheel 19 on the doffer shaft, and stops the passage of the fibres through
the machine; when the lever 9 falls the stud 10, no longer being in
contact with the lever 9, allows the counterbalanced weight 20 to swing
the ratchet wheel 8¹ partly round, and so bring its teeth into position
for being operated upon by the stud 21 on the doffer, which at each
revolution moves the wheel 8' a tooth, so giving time to "piece up or
"

page_text: join the broken sliver before the pin 10-again rests upon the lever 9,
which has in the meantime being lifted into its place again. The blank
space on the periphery of the wheel 8' is to allow the pin 21 to pass
freely during the ordinary working of the doffer. On the lever 9 falling
the circuit of electricity is broken or cut off, and waste avoided; 22 is a
holding catch; and just so if the callendar rollers 4, 4, are charged, so
long as separated from each other through the thickness of the sliver 11,
so will the circuit of electricity be incomplete, the severance of the
sliver would complete the circuit by metallic contact of the two rollers
4, 4, and the magnet would act and stop the machine, as described.
Referring now to the drawing frame (Sheet 3), 1 is the battery; the
wire 2 is connected with the bearing 3 of the back top roller 4; the
wire 6 is connected to the magnet 7 and to the pin c; the "clearer "41
is also connected by wire 2*; the screw adjusting pin 23 extends to
near the shaft of the front drawing top roller 4ª. At this point the
electricitity is applied for detecting when a "wrapper" is made, that is
to say, on the fibre adhering to and wrapping around the top roller 4ª,
the latter is raised in its bearings until its shaft touches the pin 23,
completing the electric circuit, and the machine is stopped by catch
and ratchet, herein-after described. Another wire 24 extends to the
callendar roller 25; here the circuit will be completed, as in the case of
the rollers 4, 4, when there is not sufficient thickness of fibre to prevent
the rollers coming in contact with each other, whereon the magnet 7
acts, as already described, on the lever 11ª; the latter catches against
the ratchet 12 on the ordinary knocking-off shaft, and on the strap fork
bar 8 being moved longitudinally the notched part 26 is brought over
the pin c (insulated by wood or other non-conducting packing), and so
the circuit is broken, as in the machine already described, and the waste
of electricity is avoided.
Fig. 6 is a detail of "coiler" for sliver cans and the pin 27. When
the can is full of fibre the latter slightly raises the wheel 28, and the
pin 27 thereon touches the roller 25, and the circuit is completed and
the machine stopped.
The intermediate frame shewn on Sheet 4 of the Drawings is provided
with like battery 1, magnet 7, and wires 2 and 6, the wire 2 being
connected with the rail 8, and the other wire 6 is attached to the pendant

page_text: the lower part of the arm 8* is in contact with the spindle of the
bottom roller 4 which is thus charged. On the other end of this bottom
roller is a boss having a cam groove 29 therein, within which groove a
pin attached to the arm 12 is received; the rotation of the boss gives a
reciprocating motion to the arm 12, its notched head being thus caused
to pass to and fro beneath the catch lever 11ª, which is attached to the
strap fork bar S. The action is as follows:-On an end breaking the
rollers 4, 4, come in contact and the circuit is completed, whereon the
magnet 7 attracts the end of the catch lever 11ª, its other end is caught
by the notch of the vibrating arm 12, and the strap fork bar is forced
longitudinally, removing the catch lever 11ª clear of the magnet 7, and
the pendant arm 8* is carried longitudinally away from the spindle of
the bottom roller 4, breaking the circuit, and the strap is at the same
time and by the same movement of the strap bar transferred to the
loose pulley, and the machine is stopped and waste of electricity is
avoided.
In connection with "two ends" passing between two rollers for the
purpose of securing the action by completion of the circuit when one
end breaks, we employ the roller 30 shewn at Fig. 9, which it will be
seen is provided with grooves; these extend partly around the circum-
ference; an "
"end" is passed through each groove, so that if either be
broken contact of rollers is ensured and current established, and machine
stopped as described. The slubbing frame is shewn at Fig. 10, the
" instruments or féelers 31 are mounted on one common axis, to which
axis one pole of the battery is connected, the other pole or wire being
connected to the bracket or roller 4. The tendency of the instrument
or feeler is to connect the metallic surfaces and so complete the circuit,
but the thickness of the intervening sliver 11 prevents contact except
when broken or removed from under the instrument.
"
From the examples of the application of this our said Invention to
carding engines, drawing frames, intermediate frames, and slubbing
frames, its application to other like machines employed in the working
of cotton, wool, and other fibres will be obvious and readily understood
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of this our
said Invention, together with the manner in which the same is to be or
may be performed or carried into practical effect, in order to distinguish
and point out what is old and not claimed, and what is new and claimed

page_text: as our Invention, we would firstly have it understood that we lay no
claim to any of the mechanical parts referred to when considered
separately; these our present improvements are in fact based upon those
described in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 34, in the year 1863,
granted to John Howard and to John Bullough herein referred to; for
instance we do not claim the use of a battery nor electro-magnets with
wires per se for the purpose described, but what we do claim is,-
-
Firstly. The use in connection with rollers (or the spindle or spindles
of rollers) of electric connections capable of being completed and
interupted, and operating in the manner and for the purpose herein
described and illustrated.
Secondly, The use as described of the instruments or feelers, as shown
at Figs. 10 and 10ª, and numbered 31, the instruments being mounted
on a common axis in connection with one pole of the battery, the
thickness of the fibre being utilised for preventing the completion of
the electric circuit.
And lastly. The employment of the stop rod 8 or the gearing lever 9
for the purpose of breaking the electric current in the manner and by
the means herein described and shown by Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Bullough and Joseph
Smalley, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventh
day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-six.
Witness,
WALTER BRIERLEY,
Patent Agent,
Halifax & Blackburn.
(L.S.)
JOHN BULLOUGH.
JOSEPH SMALLEY. (L.S.)