Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Aug., 1897--Accepted, 2nd Oct., 1897
Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
We, GEORGE CRAWFORD ELLIOTT, Manufacturer, and WALTER PLATT HATCH,
Manufacturer, both of 253 Broadway in the City of New York, County and State
of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invent
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to book typewriting machines, that is to say, a typewriting
machine in which the type strike downwardly upon the leaves of a book upon
which the machine is placed and are supported from a type carriage having a
transverse movement for letter and word spacing and a-longitudinal movement
with reference to the book for line spacing.
Our invention has for its primary object generally a typewriting machine of a
construction that is light, durable, convenient and efficient; which as a whole
may be conveniently manipulated for the insertion of a book in its operative
position; for adjustment to different thicknesses of books and with its several parts
so connected and constructed that the leaves of a book or other sheets when once
inserted may be held in the best possible manner for the operation of the machine;
that the line spacing mechanism is convenient and successful of operation; that
the type carriage may be conveniently swung away from the book or sheet and
readily manipulated both as to itself and its mechanism; and that as a whole such
machine shall be of a mechanical construction and commercial success to a maxi-
mum degree, and so simple in its parts that no special skill is required to operate
it or maintain it in perfect working condition.
Further objects of our invention, among other things, are to provide simplo
and effective means for adjusting a book typewriting machine to books differing
in thickness and dimensions and at the same time for supporting the entire machine
including the platen while placing a book in its operative position under the
machine and also for supporting the type carriage when for any purpose it is
desirable to elevate it above the book independently of the platen; to provide a
convenient and effective means for clamping and maintaining the sheets of a book
and also loose sheets when being printed upon in a smoothed-out condition beneath
the typewriting carriage; to provide a connection between the line spacing carriage
supporting the type carriage and the clamping frame which will be within con-
venient reach of the operator and of such a construction that the operator may,
at will, cause the spacing carriage to move a single or double space or freely back
and forth the entire length of the clamping frame; to support the type carriage
from the line spacing carriage in such manner that the type carriage may freely
make its transverse movement and be swung upwardly away from the clamping
frame and the book without undue friction or lateral movement upon its pivoting
shaft; to provide such a connection between the type carriage and its transverse
feeding devices that when the type carriage is swung upwardly on its pivoting
shaft it will automatically be locked against the action of its propelling spring-
actuated motor otherwise tending to shift it to the limit of its feed stroke; to
provide a convenient means for lifting the type ribbon from the book so as permit

page_text: the inspection of the printing without lifting the type carriage; to provide devices
automatically maintaining and locking the type carriage when swung to the limit
of its upward movement; to provide for the successful employment upon each of
the several type bars of type head carrying two types one for a small letter and
the other for a capital letter or each with a differing character whereby there is
a corresponding reduction in the necessary number of parts to a typewriting
machine and particularly of keys in the key-board; to provide a certain novel
connection between the ribbon drums or spools for changing the direction of the
feed of the ribbon and with the spacing bars and type bars for feeding the ribbon
during the operation of the machine; to provide certain other details of construc-
tion, for shifting and adjusting the several parts of the machine and respectively
maintaining them in their adjustment and for perfecting the machine as a whole
for practically printing in books, etc., as well as for all other uses for which the
commonly used typewriter is now employed, as hereinafter described, claimed and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a top plan view of a book typewriting machine embodying our
invention.
Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same, on a line next one side
of the type-shifting disc or ring.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the base or platen support, and the line spacing
carriage, from which the typewriting carriage has been removed.
Figure 3 is a front elevation of a hinging adjustable support for our typewriter
structure as a whole, but with its horizontal bars broken to shorten the drawing.
Figure 3 is a detail side elevation of the hinging hooks. Fig. 3° is a detail
of one of the hooks detached.
Figure 4 is a detail top plan view with the typewriting mechanism removed,
and principally illustrating the devices for lifting the ribbon and exposing the
writing as it progresses without lifting the type carriage.
Figure 5 is a front elevation of the same.
Figure 6 is a transverse section thereof, in detail.
Figure 7 is a detail sectional view through the base of the typewriting carriage,
and the ring-frame above the same and principally illustrating the means for
shifting the type-head and two types thereon for printing either capitals or small
letters or either one of two different characters on a single type-head, at the will
of the operator.
Figure 8 is a detail front elevation of the type head, showing its connection
with the type lever.
Figure 9 is an enlarged detail perspective view illustrating the mechanism for
actuating the line-spacing carriage, to space the line for the typewriting mechanism,
and for releasing the line spacing carriage, so that the typewriting carriage may
be longitudinally shifted back and forth over the platen, at the will of the operator.
Like signs of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of the
drawing.
The base 1, is a plate of some rigid material, such for example, as cast-iron,
provided at one end with hooks 2, which may be cast therewith or separately
formed, and bolted or otherwise secured to the under side of the base-plate, and 3
is a sheet of rubber secured on the upper surface of this base-plate, and forming
the yielding platen for the type in operating the machine.
Supported by the base 1 is a clamping frame, (see Fig. 3) composed of side
bars 44 and ends bars 5-5, rigidly secured together by any suitable means and
serving to maintain the leaves of a bock spread thereunder in a fixed and smooth
condition during the operation of the type thereon.
The clamping frame is provided with hooks 6-6, which, together with the
hooks 22 on the base-plate, are adapted to embrace a shaft 7 so as to removably
hinge the base-plate and the clamping plate thereto for raising and lowering the
base-plate to adapt it for books varying in thickness and for raising and lowering
the clamping-plate for the insertion and removal of the leaves under the type-

page_text: writing mechanism, the said shaft being supported by a novel construction of
bracket hereinafter described.
The clamping-frame has in the outer edge of one of its side-bars 4, a rack-bar 8,
which may be formed with the side-bar as shown in Figure 3, or by means of a
plate secured thereto by screws or other suitable means, as shown in Figure 9,
both of said side-bars also being provided in their outer edges with longitudinal
grooves 9, the upper side of which as shown in Figure 9, may be formed by the
rack-plate 8.
וי
Mounted upon the clamping-frame, is the line-spacing carriage, consisting of
two side bars 10-10 provided respectively, with tongues 10, projecting into the
grooves in the side-bars 4-4, forming a trackway therefor, which said side-
bars 10-10 for the free movement of the spacing carriage have their upper surface
in a lane slightly 'above the face of the clamping-frame, and are connected together
at their rear ends by a bar 11, and at their forward ends by the rod 11.
f
Cast with or otherwise secured to the bars 10, are lugs 12, which rise in a plane
above the bars 10 and form bearings for a shaft 13 journalled therein, to which
shaft and projecting rearwardly therefrom next the brackets 12-12, are rigidly
secured. arms 14-14, connected by a bar 15, upon which is mounted a gauge 16,
the purpose of which will be hereinafter explained.
The shaft 13 is the hinging track-way for the type-carriage, the base of the
frame of which is a ring, 17, angular in cross-section, from the rear side of which
ring-frame and rigidly, secured thereto, rises an arch 18 (see Figs. 1 and 2) from,
which, (see Fig. 1) projects screws 19-19, on which are journalled rollers 20-20,
concaved to fit and rest upon the upper surface of the shaft 13.
In a plane below this shaft and at each side of the bracket 18, are brackets 21-21,
supporting plates 22-22 of which there are four, each of which support
rollers 23-23, concaved to snugly fit the shaft 13, and arranged in pairs to embrace
both sides of the shaft, the plates 22 being secured to the brackets by a pair of
inner set-screws 24, and outer set-screws 25, whereby the rollers may be adjusted
to the shaft to take up wear, for which purpose there is a slot (not shown) in the
plate, through which the inner set-screws 24 pass.
When the carriage is in its operative position for printing, its rear end is
supported by the rollers 20-20, and the forward end of the carriage by
rollers 26-26, journalled on screws 27, projected into lugs 28 (see Fig. 4) or may
be directly into the ring; but when the type-carriage is lifted for an examination
of the printing, or for any other purpose, it derives its support on the shaft 13
through the rollers 23--23.
The mechanism for actuating the line spacing carriage consists of a peculiar
shaped pawl 29, provided with a tooth 30 at the rear end thereof, for engaging
the rack bar 8, and curved at its opposite end as shown at 31, the said pawl being
pivoted to, and supported about midway its length by a lever 32, pivoted to and
projecting outwardly beyond the side-bar 10, the tooth of the pawl being normally
held in engagement with the rack-bar by a spring 33, coiled about a stud 34 on
the bar 10, and having projecting arms, one of which bears against the pawl and
the other against the lever 32, as shown in Figure 9.
.Forward of the pawl 29 is a sliding stop 36, provided with a tooth 37 for
engaging the rack-bar 8; the said sliding stop being provided with a slot in
which projects the rounded short arm 38 of a bell-crank lever, the long arm 39
of which projects outwardly beyond the bar 10, said lever being pivoted to the
bar 10 and so arranged that its hub 31 may engage the curved end of the pawl.
In the position shown in Figures 1 and 9, the line-spacing carriage is locked
to the rack-bar and in, position for the types to print a line; the type carriage may
however, be released and moved freely back and forth by taking hold of the carriage
with one hand and pushing the lever 39 towards the lever 32 until the slide-
tooth 37 is disengaged from the rack-bar.
When at any time during the printing it is necessary or desirable to move the
type-carriage for spacing a line, both levers are grasped by the hand and pulled

page_text: towards each other, the result being that the pawl is swung forward until its
curved rear end passes sufficiently beyond the pivotal point of the bell-crank 39,
to enable its tooth 30 to swing inwardly and engage the rack, the swing of the
pawl through the medium of the lever being not only sufficient for that purpose,
but to cause the pawl to move the line spacing carriage forward and space a line,
the limit of said space being fixed by an adjustable stop, 40 provided with an
angular step 41.
In the position shown in Figure 9, the stop 40 is set for narrow spacing, but
by drawing out the stop so that the pawl may engage the step 41,-and in doing so
move a correspondingly greater distance, a wide space is made owing to the
increased length of movement thus given to the line spacing carriage.
The pawl 20 and the sliding stop 36 are normally maintained in the positions
shown in Figure 9, by the springs 42-42 respectively attached to the levers at
one end and to studs 43-43, projecting from the bar 10; and the stop 40 is
maintained against accidentally moving out of adjustment by a spring 44 secured
to the bar 10, and a spring 44b secured to the stop; and in practice the several
parts of the shifting mechanism are covered by a plate 44° to exclude dust, and
the stop 40 with a pin (see Fig. 1) projecting through said plate into the screw-
hole 44ª.
The type carriage in addition to the ring base 17 before described, includes a
ring frame 45, supported from and above the ring-base 17 by one or more posts 46
(see Fig. 2) and by arms 47-47 (see Fig. 1) inwardly projecting from said posts
and rigidly secured to the ring frame by any suitable means.
The letter and word spacing is accomplished through the medium of what, for
convenience, we term an escapementwhich principally consists of a horizontal:
rack-bar 48 (see Figs. 1 and 2) depending from the bar 15, or may be secured
directly thereto, and therefore pivotally supported from the shaft 13, and also
dogs 49 and 46 pivoted respectively to the upper and under sides of a projection 50
from the rock-shaft 51 which said rock-shaft is journalled (see Fig. 4) by means
of screws 52 projected through lateral arms 52" thereof into lugs 52b formed on the a
rear side of the arch 18.
"
The dogs 49 and 46 are engaged and disengaged from the rack-bar 48 during
the operation of the typewriting mechanism by the action of the rock-shaft 51
and we designate the upper dog 49 as the detaining dog" and the lower dog
as the "spacing dog because when the dogs are lowered as shown in Fig. 2 the
type carriage is detained by the dog 49 until the lower dog 46 has automatically
swung forward the length of one letter or word spacing in position to engage the
rack bar 48 during the raising of both dogs and before the detaining dog 49 is
released, at which instant the type carriage is propelled forward by its motor
through the tape connection the same distance traversed by the spacing dog.
4
In order to clearly understand the operation of this escapement let it be under-
stood that a tape 57 attached at one end to a lug 58 (see Figs. 1 and 2) projecting
from base ring 17 and passing around a motor drum 59, maintains the carriage
constantly subject to a force tending to move it laterally across the bed of the
machine by a coil spring (not shown), the tension of which may be adjusted by 4
the usual pawl 59" and pinion 59 as is usual in typewriting machines of this
character, and also in connection with the paper carriage of the commonly used
typewriter.
Under the action of this force the type carriage in our machine is normally
locked to the rack bar on the down-stroke of a type in printing in substantially 5
the first part of the stroke by both dogs, but just before and about the time the
impression is made the type carriage is entirely held by the detaining dog 49
for at that moment the spacing dog is moved below the rack bar 48 and then by
reason of the action of a spring 60 on a stud 60 it is moved one step, that is to
say, one tooth in the direction of the lateral feed of the type carriage so that when 5
the type is lifted from the paper before the disengagement of the detaining dog
and as both dogs are raised by the action of the rock shaft, it, the spacing dog 46,

page_text: engages the next tooth of the rack bar and holds the carriage after the detaining
dog is elevated above and out of engagement with the rack bar and the carriage
has moved forward the distance of one space, in which position the carriage is
held until the dogs are again lowered and the tooth thus engaged by the spacing
dog is also engaged by the detaining dog, and so on throughout the lateral feed
of the type carriage both when spacing letters and words.
The detaining dog has a very slight pivotal movement as compared with the
spacing dog in order that it may effectively automatically adjust itself to its proper
position between the teeth of the rack bar in which movement it is limited by
spring 1 on a stud 62, (see Figures 1 and 2).
As a medium through which the escapement may be actuated so that the type-
carriage will move forward at every stroke of the type keys during the successive
printing of the letters and thereby space the letters, and in order that the words
may be spaced through the stroke of a spacing bar we have provided what for
convenience are termed, "the upper spacing frame" and "lower spacing frame "
and a "spacing bar frame."
The upper spacing frame consists of two levers 53-53 pivoted on opposite sides
of the type carriage at 53ª to the inner ends of arms 54-54 rigidly secured to
the inner sides of an arch 56 which arms project outside and forward of the key
board and serve as lifting devices for the type-carriage. The levers 53 are con-
nected at their forward ends by a rod or bar 53b normally maintained in the path
of the upper bank or banks of key bars, (of which two are shown) by a spring 53°
one end of which spring is secured to the rear end of the lever 53 and the other
end to the base-ring 17 whereby when any of the key bars are depressed sufficiently
to cause the type to print the spacing frame will also be depressed sufficiently to
actuate the escapement so that the type carriage will move and space for the next
impression. To this end the escapement is normally maintained at its upper stroke
by a spring 55 attached to a lug 55 on the rock shaft 51 rearward of its axis and
to a screw in one of several holes vertically arranged on a rearward extension 18"
of the arch 18 which several holes provide for adjusting the tension of the spring
and with it the desired slowness or quickness of action of the escapement.
To the arms 52 of the rock shaft (see Figs. 2 and 4) are secured two forwardly
projecting arms 63-63 by set screws 63 or other suitable means, which arms
are connected with the levers 53 of the upper spacing frame by rods 64 pivoted to
said levers by a buckle 64" and connected with the arms 63 by a hook 64b pro-
jected through a slot 63° in the arms 63, which slot is elongated for the purpose
hereinafter described.
The "lower spacing frame" like the upper spacing frame consists of two levers 57
pivoted to the upright sides of the arch 50 at 57ª as indicated by dotted lines in
Figures 1 and 2 and projecting forward are connected by a rod 57b in the path
of the lower bank or banks of keys (of which two are shown) so as to be actuated
by the key levers thereof when making a downward stroke in printing.
The forward ends of the levers 57 are connected with the arms 63-63 of the
rock shaft by means similar to that which connect the corresponding levers of the
upper spacing frame, that is to say, by a buckle 57°, a rod 57d, provided with a
hook 57 hooking in an elongated slot 57 in the arms 63, the forward end of
both the upper and lower spacing frames being maintained normally in an elevated
position by springs attached to the inner ends of their side bars and to the base
ring 17, one of which springs 64° is shown in connection with the side bar 53,
(see Fig. 2) of the upper spacing frame, the corresponding spring for the side
Dars 57 of the lower spacing frame being omitted for the purpose of clearness in
the drawing. In this connection it is proper to add that as shown in Figure 2
the lower spacing frame is in operation and depressed by the key bar 74 in which
position the arm 63 is elevated and the feed dogs depressed while the type is
making an impression, and as will be seen the elongation of the slots 57 and 63°
in the bar 63 permits this operation without actuating the upper spacing frame

page_text: and vice versa when the upper spacing frame is actuating the arms 63 to depress
the spacing and detaining dogs.
The spacing bar-frame consists of side bars 58 pivoted to the sides, of the arch 56
and preferably though not necessarily, on the same pivot as the side bars 57 of the
lower spacing frame, and are joined at their forward end by a bar or rod 58ª to
which is attached at one end a spring 58b secured at its other end to a bracket 58°
supported by standards 58d from the ring-frame 17, which said spring normally
maintains the spacing bar-frame in an elevated position.
Projecting forwardly from the spacing bar frame are arms 59 carrying on their
outer ends the spacing bar 59, rising from which arms at a point between the
spacing bar and the cross bar 58" are branch arms 59b terminating in hooks 59°
which are in the path of the cross bar 57 so that by depressing the spacing bar
the hooks will catch and depress the lower spacing frame independently of the
type keys and through this depression of the lower spacing frame actuate the
escapement for spacing between words.
In order to entirely disengage the rack bar from the dogs 40-49 so that the
type carriage may be conveniently and freely shifted back and forth on the shaft 13
for any purpose, the pivotal frame or support for the rack bar is swung outwardly
until disengaged from the dogs by the depression of the forward end of an angular
lever 65 pivoted at 65 to the projection 18 of the arch 18, which lever is limited
in its pivotal movement by a slot 66 therein working on a screw 66 secured in the
projection 18, the rearward end of the said lever 65 terminating in a notch 67
embracing a plate 67ª secured to the bar 15 of the swinging frame carrying the
rack-bar, the under side of said notch being preferably formed by a roller 67b
promoting a free movement on the plate during the lateral feed of the typo carriage.
To prevent this outward swinging and an automatic disengagement of the rack
bar from the dogs when the carriage is swung upwardly on the shaft 13 and by
the propulsion of the carriage by its motor to the limit of its transverse movement
every time the carriage is lifted, the lever 65 also has another notch 68 which is
engaged by a pawl 69 having a weight 70 automatically swinging the pawl into
engagement with the notch 68 as the type carriage is swung upwardly and as a
result locking the rack-bar in engagement with the dogs.
In this connection it is also proper to add that pivoted to the bracket 71 on
the bar 11 of the line spacing carriage is a weighted stop 72 which engages the
bar 15 at the moment the carriage in its upward movement is swung past a vertical
line through the shaft 13, and locks the carriage against a further movement on
its shaft when lifting either the clamping frame for the insertion of a leaf or
sheet on the platen and when lifting both for the insertion of a book under the
machine.
The type printing mechanism of our machine consists of the keys 73, key
levers 74, links 75, connecting the key-levers with the type bars 76, type heads 78,
which in our machine carry two types 79, 79 each, one of which types on some of
the heads being a small letter, and the other a capital, while the other heads each
have a figure and a punctuation or other mark. These types for convenience of
construction are socketed, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, and receive arms or pins
projecting radially from the type head 78; the head being also provided with a
bearing for a spring 80 on either side of a nose 81 with which the spring alternately
engages, and also with a radial arm 82 projecting upwardly above the type head,
for the purpose hereinafter described.
The type bars 76 are pivoted to lugs 76 and are in the form of a bell crank
lever, carrying at one end the type head, which is pivoted to the end of said type
bar by a screw 83 as shown in Figures 2 and 8, so that the type-head may be
rocked thereon, with the short arm of the bell-crank connecting with the key levers
by links 75 and buckles 84 providing for the adjustment of the key levers with
reference to the type bars; the keys and the outer ends of the key-levers being
normally maintained in an elevated position and the type and type bars in the
same position against the ring 45 by the action of springs 85 secured to the inner

page_text: ends of the key-levers and to the base ring 17 as shown in Figure 2.
The key-
lever of the two lower banks being pivoted to lugs 74 by screws 74b and the
key levers of the two upper banks of keys to arms 75° projecting below the arch 56
and being of any desired number.
Centrally suspended in the ring-frame 45 on one end of a lever 86 (see Figs. 1
& 2) pivoted in a stud 87 on the arch 56 and through the medium of a rod 88,
slotted for the reception of a lever 86, and having a knob 88", is a type-shifting
disc 89, said lever being actuated to lower and elevate the type-shifting disc by
means of a shift key 90 upon a lever 91 pivoted to a lug 92 on the upper side of
ring 58 by a screw 93, and connected at its inner and rearward end with the
lever 86, by a link 94.
The shifting key 90 is maintained normally in an elevated position by a
spring 55 connecting the inner end of the lever 91 with the base-ring 17 and by
which spring the key-lever 91 and also the type-shifting disc are maintained
normally elevated, the result being, for example, that the pressure of the arm 82
of the type-head against the ring 45 when the type-head is in its clevated position
for making the downward printing stroke (see Fig. 7), the printing will be entirely
by the type 79" which may, for example and also for convenience, be a small letter,
and in fact, is a small letter when a capital is the type 79, for when once forced
to this position, said type 79 is held in printing position by the spring 81
engaging its seat on the head 78 directly opposite the face of a type 79; but when
it is desirable to print another character, say a capital, through the medium of
the same type-head, the type-shifting disc is lowered by depressing the key 90 in
the path of the arm 82 of the type-head, and as a result the arm striking the type-
shifting disc, causes such a rotation that the type 79 prints its character.
In this connection it may be noted that when the type-head returns to its normal
and elevated position, the arm 82 striking the ring 45, shifts the head back to
its original position, and in position for the type 79° to print unless the type-
shifting disc is then elevated out of the path of the arm.
When it is desirable to print continuously from the type 79 without the
necessity of holding down the key 90 of the type-shifting disc, a pivoted stop 95
may be pushed under and thereby lock the lever 80 and with it the type shifting
disc in its operative position, so that every time the type descends to print a
character, the type-head will be rocked by the engagement of its arm with the
type-shifting disc, as before described.
The employment of two type on a single head is an important advantage, both
in the construction and operation of a typewriting machine, for it substantially
reduces the number of parts, the cost of construction, the size of the type-carriage,
its weight and avoids the necessity of a two-fold number of type-keys.
At each side of the type carriage are the usual spools 96 for the ink ribbons 97,
mounted in brackets 98 secured to the sides of the base-ring 17, as shown in
Figures 4 and 5, the shaft of the spools having also fixed thereon ratchets 99.
adapted to be alternately engaged on the one hand by pawls 100 and on the other
hand by pawls 101, of which pawls there is a pair at each side of the machine,
all of which pawls are weighted at their inner ends, and the upper one of each
pair pivoted to a lever 102, which in turn is pivoted at its outer end to an arm
or flange 103 projecting from a curved plate 103, the lower one of each pair of
pawls being pivoted directly to the flange 103, the shifting of which plate may
be made to disengage the pawls from one ratchet and engage the pawls on the
opposite side of the machine with the other ratchets, the plate 103 being held upon
the ring and permitted to have this shifting movement by set screws 104 passing
through elongated slots, as clearly shown in Figure 4.
The ribbon is shifted from one spool to the other so as to bring at every stroke
of the type a different part of the ribbon thereunder by the engagement of the
lever 102 (see Fig. 2) with a slot in the arm 63 of the rock-shaft 51, whereby
every time the rock-shaft is actuated, either by the type-keys or the spacing bar
the ribbon will be caused to shift, as before described.

page_text: For the purposes of avoiding any necessity of lifting the type-carriage to inspect
the writing as it progresses, and in order to enable its inspection by looking down
through the ring-frame 45, there is (see Figs. 4-5 & 6) a loop or clasp 105
embracing the ribbon which runs therethrough, which loop or clasp is pivoted to
studs 106 (see Fig. 6) and provided with a lug 106" connected by rod 109 to a
bell-crank lever 107 pivoted to a bracket 108 secured to and projecting below the
base-ring 17, and having an extension 108" from which the studs 106 rise, the
other arm of the bell-crank 107 being connected by a rod 110 to a key-lever 112,
pivoted to a stud 113 on the arch 56 as shown in Figure 4, said lever 112 being
provided with a key 111.
By such a construction the ribbon holder will be elevated when the key 111 is
pressed downwards and as indicated in Figure 6, so as to expose to view the
writing as it progresses, as illustrated in Figure 4; the maintaining of this ribbon
elevating holder in a depressed position, may be accomplished in any suitable way,
as by its weight.
For the purposes of determining the striking point of the type at any and all
times during the operation of the machine, a curved pointer 115 is used in
connection with the scale 16 (see Figures 1 and 3) is employed, and for the same
purpose there is a pointer 115 on the ribbon lifting frame (see Fig. 4) pointing
to a scale on a bar 119 supported from the rod 11 of the line-spacing carriage
to which rod the scale bar 119 is hinged by a rod 116, passing through lugs 117
on the rod 11 and having pivoted on its projecting ends side-bars 118 connected
at their rearwardly projecting ends by said scale-bar 119, which as a result rests
flat on the paper being printed upon just forward of the point at which the type
strike on the paper, this scale, in practice, being numbered to correspond with the
scale 16, so that when the ribbon is elevated, as before described, any necessary
shifting of the carriage can be determined quickly and with accuracy on examina-
tion of the scale 119, by a comparison with the scale 16, so that when the carriage
is lowered the operator can shift the carriage to the corresponding point indicated
on the scale 16.
For determining the starting point of a line in printing there is a gauge 13"
sliding on the shaft 13 and locked in its adjustment therein by an ordinary spring
seated stop pin 13b engaging rack-teeth 13 in the shaft 13.
The stopping point of a line may be determined through a similarly adjustable
gauge (not shown) on which is mounted the usual alarm bell 12ª having a project-
ing arm 12 in the path of a curved spring or lug 12° secured to a suitable projection
from the arch 18 or any other part of the type carriage frame.
The key bars are prevented from lateral vibrations by working in slots 54° in
transverse bars 54b connecting the lifting bars 54 as indicated in Fig. 2.
Books not only as compared with each other, vary in thickness, but as any
given book is written upon, the portion of it necessarily located under the platen
gradually increases in thickness, and in order to avoid the necessity of at any
time bodily lifting the entire machine with all the weight it may have, and to
facilitate shifting the machine upon books, we have provided, as shown in Figure 3*
and illustrated in detail in Figure 3B, a novel support for the shaft 7, shown in
Figure 3, which consists of a rectangular frame of any desired length in the end
bars a a, of which the rod 7 is secured towards their upper ends, the lower end
of these end bars being connected by a rod or bar b, to each of which end bars
is pivoted the upper end of one of two parallel links c the lower ends of which
links are pivoted to brackets d, d, or other suitable support secured to a table
(not shown) on which rests the book to be printed by our machine, whereby the
shaft 7 may be raised and lowered and yet be maintained parallel with the platen
of our machine, as indicated by dotted lines in Figures 34, and may be locked in
any desired position by a ratchet e, engaged by a pawl f, provided with a hand-
grasp g, for disengaging the pawl from the ratchet with which it is normally held
in mesh by the weight of the handle g.
In Figures 3 is shown the relative location of the hooks 2-2 and 6-6 on the

page_text: shaft 7, whereby the hinging effect of the entire machine upon the shaft is secured,
while at the same time providing for the removal of both the base plate and the
clamping frame from the shaft when desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
-
1. The combination with a platen, a support therefor, and an overhanging type-
carriage, of a clamping frame maintaining leaves or sheets in a smooth condition
on the platen, substantially as set forth.
2. The combination with a platen, a support therefor, a clamping frame, and a
hinge connection between said platen and clamping frame, of an overhanging
type carriage, substantially as set forth.
3. The combination with a platen, a support therefor and a clamping frame, of
an overhanging transversely moving type carriage and means for supporting said
carriage in its transverse movement, substantially as set forth.
4. The combination with a platen, a clamping frame, a sliding frame longi-
tudinally movable thereon, of a transversely movable type carriage supported from
said sliding frame, substantially as set forth.
5. The combination of a platen, a clamping frame, a sliding frame and a shaft
supported therefrom, of a type carriage hinged to and slidable on said shaft, and
provided with type striking downwardly upon said platen, substantially as set
forth.
6. The combination with a platen, and a clamping frame, of a horizontally
adjustable support for and means pivotally connecting said platen and clamping
frame with said support, substantially as set forth.
7. The combination with a platen, a clamping frame, a sliding frame and a
type carriage above the same having type striking downwardly through the
clamping-frame upon the platen, of a horizontally adjustable support and means
pivotally connecting the platen and clamping frame with said support, substan-
tially as set forth.
8. The combination with a typewriting machine, of an adjustable support com-
prising a rigid frame of two end and two side bars, a bracket or other base, links
pivoted to said side bars and base and devices for locking said frame in its adjust-
ments, substantially as set forth.
9. The combination with the sliding frame and means for supporting the same,
and an overhanging type carriage, of a gauge bar hinged to a sliding-frame
substantially as set forth.
10. The combination with a type carriage, a platen below the same on which
the type strike, a shaft to which said carriage is hinged, and a bar projecting
from said shaft, of an escapement connection between the type carriage and said
bar, substantially as set forth.
11. The combination with a type carriage, a platen below the same on which
the type strike, a shaft to which said carriage is hinged and a rack projecting
from said shaft, of dogs on said carriage engaging said rack, substantially as set
forth.
12. The combination with a type carriage, a platen below the same on which
the type strike, a shaft to which said carriage is hinged, a frame consisting of the
arms 14-14 and bar 15, rigidly secured to said shaft, and a rack on said frame,
of feed dogs mounted on the type carriage and engaging said rack, substantially
as set forth.
13. The combination with a type carriage, a shaft to which said carriage is
hinged, a bar projecting from said shaft, an escapement connection between the
type carriage and said bar, of a weighted stop 69 maintaining said escapement in
engagement when the carriage is swung out of its operative position for printing,
substantially as set forth.
14. The combination with a type carriage, a shaft upon which said carriage is

page_text: hinged, a frame projected from said shaft, a rack secured to said frame, and dogs
connecting said rack with the type carriage, of a gauge plate on said frame and
a pointer therefor on the type carriage, substantially as set forth.
15. The combination with a clamping frame provided with a rack, of a sliding
frame mounted thereon and provided with a pawl and stop mechanism engaging
said rack and both actuating the sliding frame on and locking it to the clamping-
frame, substantially as set forth.
16. The combination with a type carriage, a sliding frame, supporting a shaft
upon which said carriage is hinged, a clamping frame upon which said sliding
frame is mounted, of a rack on the clamping frame, and a pawl and stop mechanism,
on the sliding frame engaging said rack, substantially as set forth.
17. The combination with a clamping frame, a rack in the side edge thereof, a
sliding frame mounted thereon, a pawl 29 and stop 36 on said sliding frame
engaging said rack, and actuating levers, one of which engages both the pawl and
stop, of a type carriage supported over said clamping and sliding frames, substan
tially as set forth.
18. The combination with the sliding frame and the platen, of a gauge plate
hinged to the sliding frame and lying flat upon the platen, substantially as set
forth.
19. The combination with a type carriage, a pivoting shaft therefor provided
on its surface with a rack, of an adjustable stop at one end of said shaft and an
adjustable alarm bell-support at its other end, substantially as set forth.
20. The combination with a type carriage, the pivoting shaft therefor, the rack
bar frame projecting from said shaft, of the sliding frame and the stop 72 secured
thereto and adapted to limit the swinging of the type carriage, substantially as
set forth.
21. The combination with a type carriage, the rack-bar 48, the dogs 46-49, the
rock shaft supporting said dogs and the arms 63 on said rock shaft, of a spacing
frame having levers and means connecting said levers and arms, substantially as
set forth.
22. The combination with a type carriage, the escapement for actuating the
same, the rock shaft 51 and the arms 63 of the spacing frame levers, means con-
necting said arms and levers, key levers above said frame and connecting rods
or bars for the spacing frame lever in the path of the key levers, substantially
as set forth.
23. The combination with a type carriage, the escapement feed thereof, a spacing
frame and devices connecting said frame with said escapement, of a spacing bar
frame provided with hook-arms adapted to engage and actuate the spacing frame,
substantially as set forth.
24. A spacing frame in combination with a spacing bar frame having hook-arms
in the path of and engaging said spacing frame, substantially as set forth.
25. In a typewriting machine the combination of a pivoted type bar, a type head
pivoted on said bar and provided with two or more type, of a ring frame 45 above
and in the path of said type bar and a depressible disc 89 above and normally
out of the path of the type head and the means for depressing said disc into
engagement with the type head to shift said head on its axis, substantially as
set forth.
26. In a typewriting machine the combination with the frame, a series of type-
bars grouped around a central printing point and arranged to strike downwardly
thereon, pivoted type heads carried by said bars and movable with relation to the
same, and a plurality of types fixed to said heads, of a stop disc movable in the
path or free of said heads, a vertical rod connected to said disc and mounted in
guides on the frame, a horizontal lever 86 connected with the upper end of said
rod and a key lever pivoted on the frame and connected to said lever 86,
substantially as set forth.
27. In a typewriting machine the combination with a series of type bars grouped
around a central printing point and arranged to strike down, thereat, pivoted

page_text: type heads carried by said bars, a plurality of types carried by said heads, of a stop
disc movable in the path of or free of said disc, a vertical shaft connected with said
disc, a lever 86, a key lever connected with said lever 86, and a pivoted stop 95
for locking said disc in the path of the type heads, substantially as set forth.
28. The combination with a type carriage, an escapement feed therefor, a rock-
shaft for actuating said escapement, and arms projecting from said rock-shaft, of
ink ribbon spools, levers 102 and devices connecting said levers with the spools and
said rock shaft-arms, substantially as and for the purpose described.
29. The combination with a type-carriage, an escapement feed therefor, of ink
ribbon spools each of which is provided with racks engaged by a pair of pawls one
of which is pivoted to a sliding plate 103 and the other to lever 102 connected
with arms 63, substantially as described.
30. A typewriting machine having in combination, a support for the sheet to
be written upon, a ribbon arranged across said support, means for impressing said
ribbon against the sheet, and the means for temporarily deflecting said ribbon to
disclose the writing surface, substantially as described.
31. A typewriting machine having in combination, a support for the sheet to
be written upon, a ribbon arranged across said support, means for impressing said
ribbon against the sheet, a deflectable loop or clasp embracing the ribbon to one
side of the striking point of the impression means and a key lever having operative
connection with said clasp for lifting said loop or clasp, substantially as described.
32. The combination with a type carriage, a platen below the same on which
the type strike, a shaft to which said carriage is hinged, a rack bar projected from
said shaft, and dogs on said carriage engaging the rack, of a lever 65 connected
with said rack bar for lifting the latter out of engagement with the dogs, substan-
tially as set forth.
T
1
171 1
1008
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.