IMPROVEMENTS IN, AND IN OPENING AND CLOSING WINDOWS AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE USED THEREWITH to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I EDWIN SMITH of Cheapside, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Joiner,
do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN, AND IN
OPENING AND CLOSING WINDOWS AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE USED THEREWITH
to be as follows:-'
"
My invention has reference to the construction of windows, and in the opening
and closing of such windows, and in the appliances to be used therewith, as herein-
after described-My said invention has reference to windows consisting essentially
of a retangular lower frame with a divided semi-circular top, the quadrant halves
of which, turn upon a horizontal hinge or joint, with an extended pin or pivot
which passes through the upper bar of the lower window or frame-These quadrant
balf windows are raised and lowered by mechanism hereinafter explained-The
rectangular lower frame is hung upon its side, and turns inwardly upon hinged
joints. The lower frame is made wind and weather-proof by arranging a moveable
spring sill which is hinged at its outside end, the joint being under and in the
plane of the window.
In constructing and arranging windows according to my invention I hinge a
rectangular window frame so as to be capable of turning inwards, or in a horizontal
plame, and above this rectangular lower part I hinge two half quadrant windows
so as when closed, they constitute a semi-circle-These half windows are capable
of revolving about a common centre fixed in the middle of the top bar of the lower
window or frame-The joint upon which the two half quadrant windows turn
consists of a hinge-like joint, with a central pin or pivot, upon which they turn
downwards; steadiness is secured on their opening and closing by a slotted
quadrant stay-bracket, which gives rigidity and steadiness thereto; this is effected
by fixed studs on the meeting bars moving within the slots of the quadrant bracket
supported on the top rail of the lower rectangular window-The opening and
closing of the respective halves of the semi-circular sash, is effected by toothed
gearing consisting of a rack following the curvature of the outer window framing,
or curved bar, and encased within the vertical outside stiles or bars of the lower
frame of the window.
Motion is communicated to the quadrant windows by an endless chain worked
by toothed gearing, that is to say, the gearing consists of a hollow spindle with

page_text: teeth around its preriphery, constituting a chain wheel with a hollow axis; this
chain wheel is situated and works at the lower part of the side frames of the
bottom window-An endless chain engages with the teeth of this chain wheel and
passes over a second chain wheel situated on a line with the meeting overlapping
rails of the top and bottom windows; and at the other end of the spindle of the
upper or second chain wheel, is a toothed wheel which engages with the rack
teeth as before described following the curvature of the frame of the quadrant
windows The lower chain wheel hereinbefore described, is rotated by means
of a key or handle, introduced from the front, while the axial hole in its back is
squared taper, into which a movable holding stop or peg of like shape takes, when
the key is not in the act of raising and lowering-The said holding stop or peg
has a spring attached to it for automatically pressing the holding stop into position,
when the key has been withdrawn.
The underside of the bottom rail of the lower window is inclined or slopes
outwards with a rabato upon its inside edge.
The movable sill is hinged upon its outside edge while the top of the inside edge
which is presented to the underside of the window frame is shaped to the counter-
part of the said window frame -A spring or springs acts upon the underside of the
sill for pressing it upwards against the underside of the rail of the window.
In opening or closing the respective semicircular half windows, it is only
necessary to pass the shank of the key into the hollow axis of the lower chain
wheel, when by the rotation of the said handle or key, motion is communicated
from the driving axis by the chain passing over the second or top chain wheel,
which communicates motion to the toothed wheel fixed upon its spindle; and this
toothed wheel imparts its motion to the rack teeth following the curvature of the
top window frame, and so raises or lowers vertically to the desired extent the
'window or windows for ventilation or otherwise:
The raising and lowering mechanism described is situated on either side the
frame of the lower window.
The quadrant windows work also within grooved frames which encircle
the window opening-The lower window cannot be opened until the two half
circular windows have been lowered-After the withdrawal of the winding key,
the holding stop is forced by its spring into the square axis of the chain wheel,
and thereby holds the revolving quadrant window or windows in any desired
position to which they have been opened or brought.
The lower end of the hanging stile of the lower frame presses down the movable
sill when the window is opened or closed.
The windows are locked by an ordinary key or by other means.
By my invention, the windows of lofty openings can be readily and expeditiously
raised and lowered.
Although I have described the top window as being made in halves; yet the
said window may be made of a semi-circle or in one piece-When so made the.
mechanism described is only on one side.
Dated thin and
-AL
8

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
"
I, EDWIN SMITH of Cheapside, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Joiner,
do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN, AND IN
OPENING AND CLOSING WINDOWS, AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE USED THEREWITH
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
My invention has reference to the construction of windows, and in the opening
and closing of such windows, and in the appliances to be used therewith, as herein-
after described-My said invention has reference to windows consisting essentially
of a rectangular lower frame with a divided semi-circular top, the quadrant halves
of which, turn upon a horizontal hinge or joint, with an extended pin or pivot
which passes through the upper bar of the lower window or frame-These quadrant
half windows are raised and lowered by mechanism hereinafter explained-The
rectangular lower frame is hung upon its side, and turns inwardly upon hinged
joints The lower frame is made wind and weather proof by arranging a movable
spring sill which is hinged at its outside end, the joint being under and in the
plane of the window.
In constructing and arranging windows according to my invention I hinge a
rectangular window frame so as to be capable of turning inwards, or in a horizontal
plane, and above this rectangular lower part I hinge two half quadrant windows
so as when closed, they constitute a semicircle-These half windows are capable of
revolving about a common centro fixed in the middle of the top bar of the lower
window or frame-The joint upon which the two half quadrant windows turn
consists of a binge like joint, with a central pin or pivot, upon which they turn
downwards; steadiness is secured on their opening and closing by a slotted
quadrant stay-bracket, which gives rigidity and steadiness thereto; this is effected
by fixed studs on the meeting bars moving within the slots of the quadrant bracket
supported on the top rail of the lower rectangular window-The opening and
closing of the respective halves of the semicircular window, is effected by toothed
gearing consisting of a rack following the curvature of the outer window framing,
or curved bar, and encased within the vertical outside stiles or bars of the lower
frame of the window.
Motion is communicated to the quadrant windows by an endless chain worked
by toothed gearing; that is to say, the gearing consists of a hollow spindle with
teeth around its periphery constituting a chain wheel with a hollow axis; this
chain wheel is situated and works at the lower part of the side frames of the
bottom window An endless chain engages with the teeth of this chain wheel and
passes over a second chain wheel situated on a line with the meeting overlapping
rails of the top and bottom windows; and at the other end of the spindle of the
upper or second chain wheel, is a toothed wheel which engages with the rack teeth
as before described, following the curvature of the frame of the quadrant windows-
The lower chain wheel herein-before described, is rotated by means of a key or

page_text: handle, introduced from the front, while the axial hole in its back is square taper
into which a movable holding stop or peg of like shape takes, when the key is not
in the act of raising and lowering The said holding stop or peg has a spring
attached to it for automatically pressing the holding stop into position, when the
key has been withdrawn.
The underside of the bottom rail of the lower window is inclined or slopes
outwards with a rabate upon its inside edge.
The movable sill is binged upon its outside edge while of the top of the inside
edge which is presented to the underside of the window frame is shaped to the
counterpart of the said window frame-A spring or springs acts upon the under-
side of the sill for pressing it upwards against the underside of the rail of the
window.
In opening or closing the respective semicircular half windows, it is only neces
sary to pass the shank of the key into the hollow axis of the lower chain wheel,
when by the rotation of the said handle or key, motion is communicated from the
driving axis by the chain passing over the second or top chain wheel, which com-
municates motion to the toothed wheel fixed upon its spindle; and this toothed
wheel imparts its motion to the rack teeth following the curvature of the top
window frame and so raises or lowers vertically to the desired extent the window
or windows for ventilation or otherwise.
The raising and lowering mechanism described is situated on either side the
frame of the lower window,
The quadrant windows work also within grooved frames which encircle the
window opening-The lower-window cannot be opened until the two half circular
windows have been lowered-After the withdrawal of the winding key, the holding
stop is forced by its spring into the square axis of the chain wheel, and thereby
hold the revolving quadrant window or windows in any desired position to which
they may have been opened or brought.
The lower end of the hanging stile of the lower frame presses down the movable
sill when the window is opened or closed.
The windows are locked by an ordinary key or by other means.
By my invention, the windows of lofty openings can be readily and expeditiously
raised and lowered,
Although I have described the top window as being made in halves; yet the
said window may be made of a semi-circular or in one piece-When so made, the
mechanism described is only on one side.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in elevation partly in section a window and appliances
connected therewith constructed according to my invention, the right hand side
being broken away, in order to exhibit the raising and lowering mechanism,
the quadrant half windows in this view being closed-The raising and
lowering mechanism on the two sides of the window are alike in construc-
tion, therefore I shall only show in actual detail one side as represented-
Figure 2 also shows in elevation the window, the right hand side of the half
quadrant being fully lowered, while the left hand side shows the other quadrant
half window partially lowered; and when having been fully lowered, the lower
window can be opened or turned upon its hinges-Figure 3 is a longitudinal
vertical section of the window upon a larger scale, so as better to exhibit the
raising and lowering mechanism-Figure 4 is the lower end or sill part of figure 3
the movable sill being shown in its normal or fixing position-In figure 3 the
spindle of the raising and lowering handle is shown within the bush or hollow
of the lower chain wheel, with the holding stop or peg out of position-Figure 5
shows a separate view of the lower part of the raising and lowering mechanism
detached, the chain wheel being fixed by the holding stop or peg lying within the
square bush-Figure 6 is a back elevation of figure 5-Figure 7 shows a back
elevation of figure 6 with the back plate removed, so as to better exhibit the chain

page_text: wheel and the holding stud within the square bush-Figure 8 shows in elevation
the operating pinion and rack by which the respective quadrant half windows
are raised and lowered-Figure 9 is a section through the frame or stile of the
window.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of the
Drawings.
a is a rectangular window or frame capable of turning horizontally upon hinges
a² a', and above this rectangular lower part I hinge two half quadrant windows bc,
which when closed constitute a semi-circular top window; these half windows are
capable of revolving about a common centre d' through the top bar of the lower
window or frame-Steadiness is secured on the opening and closing of the quadrant
half windows by slotted quadrant stay brackets d' which gives rigidity and steadiness
to the windows on being raised or lowered-This is effected by fixed standing out
studs on the meeting bars of the top windows-The opening and closing of the
respective halves of the semi-circular window is effected by toothed gearing consisting
of a rack e. following the curvature of the outer window framing or curved bar which
is encased within the vertical outside stiles or bars of the lower frame of the window
-Motion is communicated to the quadrant window through its rack by an endless
chain f. which passes over an upper and lower chain wheel g. 9-The axis of the
chain wheel g. carries a pinion . best seen in figure 3-This pinion engages with
the quadrant rack e-The lower toothed wheel g¹ has a square or hollow bush g³
running through its axis, wherein the spindle of the raising handle takes as repre-
sented in figure 3 when the windows are to be raised or lowered i. is the handle,
and is its square spindle. j is the 'frame let into the side rail of the lower
window. is the holding stop or peg of the same square as the holo in which it
takes, as represented in figure 5, when the key i is not in the act of raising or
lowering. The holding stop is carried by a flat spring k³ which automatically
presses the holding peg into position on the key being withdrawn-l is the movable
Bill pressed automatically into position by the spring m-The said sill is binged
at to the upper side of the sill frame n, while the top of the inside edge 1³ which
is presented to the underside of the window frame o is shaped to its counterpart
as best seen in figure-4.
For opening or closing either the respective semi-circular half windows, it is only
necessary to pass the spindle i³ of the key i into the hollow axis g. of the lower
chain wheel g, when by the rotation of the said handle or key, motion is commu-
nicated to the chain wheel g and its axis g carrying the pinion h, and this last
named pinion gears with the teeth of the semi-circular rack e which follows tho
curvature of each quadrant half window; so that the toothed pinion imparts its
motion to the rack on the window frame thereby raising or lowering vertically (to
the desired extent) the window for ventilation or otherwise as represented in
figure 2; and immediately the spindle of the key is removed from the lower chain
wheel centre, the window is retained in its raised or lowered position by the
automatic fixer k which passes into the square hole g³ vacated by the spindle of the
handle i. and when the two half quadrant windows are lowered, the rectangular
window a can be opened on the pressing down of the movable sill 7. The lower
rectangular window a is locked by a key or by other means.
When the revolving upper window is made of a semi-circle instead of quadrant
halves, the rack follows the entire semi-circle-When so made, the raising and
lowering mechanism is only on one side, instead of on both, as before described and
represented.
Windows constructed according to my invention, situated within lofty and other
openings can be readily and expeditiously raised and lowered.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. The improvements in windows consisting of a lower rectangular frame

page_text: "
upon its side, while the halves of the latter or divided top, turn verţically upon a
pivot or hinge joint supported upon the upper bar of the lower window-These
quadrant half windows when being opened or closed, revolve in opposite directions,
as described and illustrated in figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
(Secondly. The improvements in mechanism for the opening and closing of
windows, consisting essentially of a lower chain, wheel which communicates motion
to an upper chain wheel having upon its axis a toothed pinion which engages with
rack teeth following the contour of the quadrant or semi-circular half windows, or
semi-circular windows, as the case may be; the parts being arranged, combined and
operating in the way and for the purpose as described and set forth in figures 1, 2, 1
and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Thirdly Fixing quadrant or semi-circular windows hereinbefore described in
any desired position, by means of a fixing stop. k which takes into a square hole
in the axis of the chain wheel, and thereby holds it in position, or prevents it from
rotating until the introduction of the spindle of the key or handle; the parts being 1
constructed and arranged and operating in the manner as described and set forth' in
figures 3, 5, 6 and 7 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The spring movable sill as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accom-
panying Drawings.
Fifthly. The general arrangement or combination of the parts of windows and
mechanism for raising, lowering and fixing windows herein before described and
illustrated in the several figures of the Drawings,