Improvements in Apparatus for Boring Earth, Minerals, and the like for Prospecting or other Purposes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Aug., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 29th June, 1895-4ccepted, 19th Oct., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Boring Earth, Minerals, and the like
for Prospecting or other Purposes.
I, FARQUHAR MATHESON MCLARTY, of 30 Beach Street, Penang, Straits
Settlements, but at present residing at 10 Euston Square in the County of London,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of my invention is to provide apparatus for boring earth minerals
and the like for prospecting or other purposes the said apparatus enabling reliable
indications to be obtained of the strata through which the horings are made and
overcoming many of the objections which apply to boring apparatus as hitherto
constructed and operated.
According to my invention I provide means for effecting the boring and for
delivering the bored material to apparatus by means of which it is conveyed, as it
is bored, to the surface so that the borings are prevented from clogging the bore
holes or tubes and so that at any time the character of the strata through
which the boring is effected can be ascertained with certainty.
My invention can be applied to the making of small bore holes for prospecting
or ascertaining with certainty the nature of the strata through which the borings
are made, or for making larger holes such for instance as shafts for mining
purposes.
In the former case the material bored will be most conveniently delivered into
the boner and bore tube and elevated by an elevator working therein but in the
latter case it will generally be more convenient to employ boring tools which
are arranged to deliver the material bored to elevators, working not inside a
bore tube but in such a position and in such a manner as to collect and remove the
material bored.
I will first describe an arrangement for boring small holes for obtaining samples
of the strata through which the bore tool passes. This consists principally of a
boring head or tool constructed as hereinafter described and connected to tubing
through which motion is given to the boring head or tool and of an elevator
working in the tubing for delivering the bored material up to the surface and of a
driver for imparting motion to the apparatus and to the elevator whilst it revolves
with the tubing and boring head or tool.
The borer is hollow and may be conical or cylindrical within or without or both
so that its sides are either taper or parallel, but having for most purposes the
largest diameter at the end. The upper end is attached to the tubing so that
it rotates with it. The lower end of the borer consists of blades or curved
cutters, which also act as wedges. They may be to any pitch and may be
tapered semi-spherical curved or flat and they force (through openings between
the blades) to within the interior of the borer, the material bored, up to the
diameter to which the said openings extend while forcing outwards and pressing
into the surrounding strata or sides of the bore hole the material which is outside
the diameter to which the said openings extend. The object of this is to
prevent anything from following the tool, such for instance, as fine tin ore, and
thus to ensure the accurate indication by the material delivered by the elevator
from within the borer and its attached tubing, of the strata through which the
borer passes.

page_text: A spike or jumper for breaking stones may be secured in the end of the
borer and it may be grooved, or spiral, or of other suitable form. In cases
where it is not wanted it may be taken out. In the set of tools I may provide
a boier with a hole where the jumper is to be inserted and also a borer in which
the blades are joined at the centre, each pair of which may be considered a jumper
excepting that jumpers as hitherto known, are solid bars, whereas in this case the
cuttings will be forced into the hollow of the borer to be raised by the elevator.
This form of the tool is adapted for ground, a part of which, when broken, can be
compressed into the surrounding strata, but in the case of rock or similarly hard
substances the borer used need have no part of its wedges or blades for pressing
the material into the strata and the openings can then extend to the outer diameter
and the blades will be curved in the reverse direction to that used in the other
case while the direction of the rotation will be the same, so that the action of the
blades will force all the borings towards the centre, the borer may however be
night or left handed as desired.
The various forms of the borer described are for boring performed without any
outer tube, the tubing used taking the place of the ordinary boring rod and likewise
of the ordinary tube so that there is a very great reduction in the friction, because
while the ordinary tube on its inner and outer surfaces is in frictional contact with
the strata passed through, and the auger has to contend with the friction of the
portion of the strata within the tube; the borer described the lower part being
larger than the upper part and the tubing it entirely clears the way for the tubing
and friction is reduced to a minimum. For boring holes of great depth where a
tube is required to remain in the hole, for instance, where the bore is for oil or
water, then the outer tube used is at its lower end, the same as the outer part of
the borer, and just as that part must clear itself, so must the outer tube, when
fitted with a shoe of similar form aud so fixed as to form part of the tool. The
clearance is effected by a collar just above the tool which collar at its upper and its
lower edges is shaped so as to press the strata against the side of the hole, whether
on its downward or upward course.
When using an outer tube, the borer rests against a notched collar within the
shoe of the tube, and may be withdrawn along with the apparatus, leaving the
outer tube in the hole, or the whole (i.e. outer tube as well) may be drawn
at once.
At the lower end the borer carries a pin or runner or its equivalent round which
the elevator works, the arrangement being such as to prevent grit from getting
into the working parts.
The tubing is connected by any suitable means such as male and female threads
or parts of threads for instance. The elevator preferably consists of a chain
having equally pitched links of two kinds, one kind acting as scoops and carrying
up the borings, and the other kind serving to connect the scoops at any desired
distance apart.
The chain passes round the pin in the borer and over a tumbler
keyed to a spindle, which revolves within the cap piece above the ground level.
The tumbler acts as the driving pulley, and the chain is carried round as the
spindle revolves.
The chain is constructed so that it occupies but small space the dimensions
being such as will allow one side of the elevator to pass down while the other is
passing up within the tube.
All the links are readily detachable and can at any time be lengthened or
shortened. To insure against disconnection when at work, the bar of the one link
can slide into the hook or slot of the other link from the side.
The driver may be of any form that will clamp on the tubing, but one of the
most convenient forms will be a wheel the rim of which may have grooves or
V recesses for a driving rope. The kind best suited for facilitating transport,
amounts practically to two wheels, one above the other so made that when bolted
to the tube, they appear one wheel, the rim forming a circular box open at the
top, into which earth or other matter may be placed as a load. By tightening or

page_text: sinckening the securing nuts the driver can be raised or lowered at will. At points
within the circular box spokes can be inserted into sockets so that meu can without
walking round, rotate the apparatus.
The cap piece may be a casting cylindrical at the lower end and connected by a
coupling (adjustable to different lengths) to the driving tubing to which it is
keyed, from that point upwards, the cap piece springs into two webs, tapering
outwards leaving the elevator exposed on both sides." At their upper ends the
webs are joined by a crown piece which may be part of the casting, and into
which a guide tube is vertically screwed. The threads are left handed when the
borer is right handed and vice versa. Through the webs, just below the crown
piece the tumbler spindle passes, and rotates in bearings which may be fixed
or self-adjustable. On one end of the spindle, a pinion is keyed and when it
s put in motion as hereinafter described the tumbler works the elevator
continuously.
The elevator may be worked independently by a handle, screwed into the tumbler
pinion, but when the apparatus is at work, the elevator gets its motion as hereinafter
described. Another pinion gearing into the tumbler pinion is passed over the
guide tube, which revolves within the former. This pinion has two eye bolts,
standing up vertically with their eyes on a line with each other horizontally. In
these eyes (or in any other equivalent manner) a light tube is fixed, its one end
projecting so as to lie against a leg of the tripod, or if the tripod is in use below
that point then against a bar rising from a leg of the tripod. In either case this
tube attached to the top pinion, is free to descend with it. When the driver is
turned it of couise carries everything with it, except the tripod and parts connected
thereto. As a consequence the tumbler pinion is carried round with the cap piece,
and as that pinion gears into the upper pinion, which is stationary the tumbler is
set in motion, and works continuously with the other parts of the apparatus. The
speed of the elevator may be whatever is desired. The greater in diameter the
fixed pinion is in comparison to the tumbler pinion, the greater will be the speed of
its spindle, and the larger the tumbler is circumferentially, so will the speed of the
latter be greater. There are thus two ways of increasing, and (by the reverse
operation) two ways of decreasing the speed of the elevator.
In practice however, the tumbler will not be used for that purpose. The speed
of the elevator, relatively to the speed of the borer will be regulated to the
requirements of different strata as follows: There may be several pinions which do
net revolve (they may be in one casting) or series of bevelled teeth each set at
different distances from the centre. The tumbler pinion can be made to slide
along its spindle or shaft so that by fixing it at the point that gears with any one
of the stationary series f teeth, the speed of the elevator can be varied or there
can be several pinions which can be keyed to the shaft as required.
The tumbler may be of any suitable form provided it be made with projections
to properly engage the links, of the elevator chain.
The vertical motion of the elevator can be utilized for scraping the scoops, in the
following manner. Springing from the webs of the cap piece are pins or pivots on
which a double armed scraper or brush holder works. When the scraper lies
against the vertical parts of the elevator, the borings are scraped off without any
measureable motion being imparted to the scraper, but when the scoop comes in
contact, it lifts the scraper with it and as the arms are in a position which causes
the scraper to pass outwards as it rises, a horizontal scraping motion is produced,
until the scraper falls over the cleaned scoop on to the next vertical part of the
elevator, and so the delivery goes on.
Where preferred, owing to the nature of the borings, a brush is made to revolve
within the arm.
Its motion can be conveyed by an elastic belt from a small pulley
attached to the tumbler spindle. The brush may work at the same time as the
scaper or independently thereof and its axis may be horizontal or vertical. The
eleaning motion may be taken either from the tumbler spindle as here before
described or from the stationary pinion as may be preferied.

page_text: The tripod may be of telescopie tubing or tight laced bars of iron or steel, or of
any other light strong material. Its cap hinges round either the lower tubing or
the guide tubing above the cap piece as may be moet convenient.
As the borings leave the elevator they are received by any suitable receptacle
for example they may fall into a tapered mouth piece of the same section as the
entrance to the borer, and if the borings fall into a glass as the work proceeds, the
person in charge can see what is the nature of the strata being bored.
He may
remove one glass or receptacle replacing it by another, and examine the borings
when he pleases, or pack them in sections for future inspection.
The lengthening of the apparatus is easily and expeditiously done by connecting
and disconnecting the tubing and links of the elevator chain.
The foregoing deals specially with the apparatus, as applied to prospecting
purposes and I do not limit myself to the precise details described but it also serves
to indicate the principles of the invention.
The apparatus will bore any size hole but in the case of large holes say some
feet in diameter, the blades of the borer need not be in one casting as before
described.
Another advantage of the invention is that the driving power used, can also be
used for pumping out a shaft by the reversal of the operation by which water can
be projected from the faces of the blades in any of the forms of bore described,
while in all cases the parts can be kept cool by water contained within themselves.
The work can be facilitated by the projection of a spray of water, the pressure of
which can be obtained from a pump attached to the cap-piece and worked off the
tumbler spindle or shaft. The outlet being a series of holes on the faces of the
blades or wedges, connected by a pipe to the pump above, or in deep boring,
the pressure can be obtained by simply keeping the driving tube full of water.
Dated this 31st day of August 1894.
JOHNSONS & WILL.COX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, Agents.
Improvements in Apparatus for Boring Earth, Minerals, and the like
for Prospecting or other Purposes.
I, FARQUHAR MATHESON MOLARTY, of 30 Beach Street, Penang, Straits
Settlements, but at present residing at 10, Euston Square, in the County of London,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to provide apparatus for boring earth minerals and
the like for prospecting or other purposes the said apparatus enabling reliable
indications to be obtained of the strata through which the borings are made and
overcoming many of the objections which apply to boring apparatus as hitherto
con-tructed and operated.
According to my invention I provide means for effecting the boring and for
delivering the bored material to apparatus by means of which it is conveyed as it
is bored to the surface so that the borings are prevented from clogging the bore
hols or tubes and so that at any time the character of the strata through which
the boring is effected can be ascertained with certainty.
My invention can be applied to the making of small bore holes for prospecting
or ascertaining with certainty the nature of the strata through which the
borings are made or for making larger holes such for instance as shafts for mining
purposes.

page_text: Figure 1 shows the apparatus in elevation partly in section.
Figure 2 is an elevation at right angles to Figure 1 partly in section.
Figure 3 is a plan or underside view of the borer.
Figure 4 is a section through the lines 1-2 Figure 2.
Figure 5 is a section through the line 3-4 Figure 1.
Figure 6 is a vertical section at right angles to Figure 1 of the lo ver part of the
brer tube.
Figure 7 shows the scraper and brush in elevation.
Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11 show three forms of elevator chains.
Figure 12 is the boring shoe.
Figure 14 the driver wheel and Figures 15, 13 and 16 views of the tripod and
boring apparatus attached thereto.
The apparatus consists principally of a boring head or tool A constructed as
hereinafter described and connected to tubing B through which motion is given to
the boring head or tool and of an elevator C working in the tubing for delivering
the bored material up to the surface and of a driver E for imparting motion to the
apparatus and to the elevator whilst it revolves with the tubing and boring head
01 tool.
The borer A is hollowed and may be conical or cylindrical within or without or
both so that its sides are either taper, or parallel, but having for most purposes
the largest diameter at the end. The upper end is attached to the tubing so that
it rotates with it or if the borer be made of tool steel it is convenient to employ a
separate casting as shown at b in Figure 1 of the drawings for carrying the elevator
pin hereinafter referred to.
The lower end of the borer consists of blades or curved cutters a which also act
as wedges. They may be made to any pitch consistent with the work to be done
and may be tapered, semi-spherical, curved or flat in respect to the lines of their
leading edges and these lines are to be understood as those which give shape to the
bottom of the hole to be bored.
The said blades force through openings a¹ between the blades to within the
interior of the borer the material bored up to the diameter to which the said
openings extend while forcing outwards and pressing into the surrounding strata or
sides of the bore hole the material which is outside the diameter to which the said
openings extend. The object of this is to prevent anything from following the tool,
such for instance, as fine tin ore, and thus to ensure the accurate indication by the
material delivered by the elevator from within the borer and its attached tubing
of the strata through which the borer passes.
A spike or jumper a² for breaking stones may be secured in the end of the borer
as shown by the dotted lines in Figure 1 or may form a part thereof and it may be
grooved or spiral or of other suitable form. In cases where it is not wanted it may
be taken out.
In the set of tools I may provide a borer with a hole where the jumper is to be
inserted and also a borer in which the blades are joined at the centre each pair of
which may be considered a jumper excepting that jumpers as bitherto known are
solid bars, whereas in this case the cuttings will be forced into the hollow of the
borer to be raised by the elevator.
This form of the tool is adapted for ground, a part of which when broken can be
compressed into the surrounding strata, but in the case of rock or similarly hard
substances the borer used need have no part of its wedges or blades for pressing
the material into the strata and the openings can then extend to the outer diameter
and the blades will be curved in the reverse direction to that used in the other
case, while the direction of the rotation will be the same, so that the action of the
blades will force all the borings towards the centre. The borer may however be

page_text: right or left handed as desired so that, without changing the tool, but merely by
reversing the dnection of rotation, the two different kinds of boring can be done,
the elevator and other gear being arranged to act both ways as hereinafter
described. Having passed from strata of which only samples are required, to
strata all of which borings are wanted, it is only necessary to reverse the motion
and the borings will be forced from the circumference inwards. In the latter case
the blades act as jumpers when required.
When the borer is employed for working in earth sand or clay or other material
easily separated it is preferably made of cast malleable iron or steel but it may
also be made of mild steel or cast iron in which case the angles of the holes for
admitting the borings to the hollow of the borer may be sloped so as to take in the
material with little or no load on the tubing.
The various forms of the borer described are for boring performed without any
outer tube; the tubing used taking the place of the ordinary boring rod, and
likewise of the ordinary tubes, so that there is a very great reduction in the
friction because while the ordinary tube on its inner and outer surfaces is in
frictional contact with the strata passed through and the auger has to contend
with the friction of the portion of the strata within the tube, the borer described
(the lower part being larger than the upper part and the tubing) entirely clears the
way for the tubing and friction is reduced to a minimum.
For boring holes of great depth where a tube is required to remain in the hole,
for instance, where the bore is for oil or water, then the outer tube used is at its
lower end the same as the outer part of the borer as shown in Figure 12 and
just as that part must clear itself so must the outer tube when fitted with a
shoe S' of similar form and so fixed as to form part of the tool or tubing as may
be preferred. The clearance is effected by a collar S just above the tool which
collar at its upper and its lower edges is shaped so as to press the strata against
the side of the hole whether on its downward or upward course.
When using an outer tube the borer may rest against a notched collar within
the shoe of the tube and may be withdrawn along with the apparatus leaving
the outer tube in the hole or the whole i.e. (outer tube as well) may be drawn
at once.
For work where the borer may be required to go in advance of the tubing
there will be no such collar employed, in either case the outer tubing may be
worked independently or connected to the apparatus above. The lower end of the
borer carries a pin or runner D round which the elevator C works and is
provided with two stuffing boxes d' packing and glands in which the elevator
pin rotates. The packing on the inner sides and the closed glands on the outer
sides entirely excludes grit or other external matter from the journals and the
spaces between the ends of the pin and the glands hold a lubricant which may be
oil grease or other anti frictional substance.
b
A brush d³ is fixed in a fiame d of iron or other strong non brittle material
which fits into the part 6 carrying pin and is held there by the lower end of the
tubing. The object of the brush is to prevent any thing (which might be let fall
from above) from getting between the elevator and the pin. The brush inay
be of any moderately flexible durable kind, but of those known I prefer a steel
wire brush.
The elevator consists of a chain having equally pitched links of two kinds, one
kind e acting as scoops and carrying up the borings and the other kind c¹ serving
to connect the scoops at any required distance apart. The chain pa-ses round the
pin D in the borer and over a tumbler J keyed to a spindle which revolves within
the cap piece F above the ground level as herein before described. The tumbler acts
as a driving pulley and the said chain C is carried round as the spindle revolves.
The chain is constructed so that it occupies but small space, the dimensions
being such as will allow one side thereof to pass down while the other is passing
up within the tube B. All the links are readily attachable and can at any time
be lengthened or shortened.

page_text: To insure against disconnection when at work the bar of one link can slide into
the hook or slot of the other link from the side in the case of the elevator intended
for light work, as shewn in Figs. 8 and 9, while in the case of those for work where
great strength is required relatively to bulk and weight (Figs. 1 10 and 11,)
I employ a series of links in place of the single link used for light work and
1 connect them by moveable pins 2, the pin holes in the outer links being counter-
sunk and the pins laid in flush so as to prevent them from moving sideways,
the taper of the holes being such however as to render it easy to drive the pins out
when the link opposite to the point of the pin drift is held in opposition to the
applied force. The superior strength of the chains in which moveable pins are used
is due to the additional resistance to rupture offered by the pins when connected as
described and shown.
In the case of the links being elongated so that unnecessary openings would be
left projections are provided to prevent the passage of material inwards between the
links in course of delivery. The projection need not be in one piece with the link
nor need it be of the same material and where for lightness or other consideration
it is preferred as an attachment, it may be pinned or otherwise secured to the link,
care being taken not to reduce the strength of the body of the link below that of
its eyes. Both kinds of the scoop links which have noveable pins are at their
back sides the same, but on their faces, i.e. on that side which takes the borings
they are distinctly different. The kind shown in Fig. 1 being each of one piece
and therefore unchangeable in character, while the kind shown in Figs. 10 and 11
is formed of two sets of projecting parts and which open like a series of pairs
of shears, when entering the hollow of the borer, and on reaching the centre of the
hollow begin to close but so that when they reach the tubing they act in the same
way as a solid scoop, the one set filling the space not occupied by the other.
The elevator may be worked independently by a handle screwed into the
tumbler pinion, but when the apparatus is at work, the elevator gets its motion as
hereinafter described.
Another pinion gearing into the tumbler pinion is passed over the guide tube (or
when the guide arrangement is as shown in the drawings illustrating the tripod,
over the crown piece) which revolves within the former.
This pinion may have two eye-bolts standing up vertically with their eyes on a
line with each other horizontally. In these eyes (or in any other equivalent
manner) a light tube is fixed, its one end projecting so as to lic against a leg of
the tripod, or it the tripod is in use below that point, then against a bar rising from
a leg of the tripod.
In either case this tube attached to the top pinion is free to descend with it.
When the driver is turned it of course carries everything with it, except the tripod
and parts connected thereto. As a consequence the tumbler pinion is carried
round with the cap piece, and as that pinion gears into the upper pinion which is
stationary the tumbler is set in motion and works continuously with the other parts
of the apparatus. The speed of the elevator may be whatever is desired.
The greater in diameter the fixed pinion is in comparison to the tumbler pinion
the greater will be the speed of its spindle, and the larger the tumbler is circum-
ferentially so will the speed of the latter be greater.
There are thus two ways of increasing and (by the reverse operation) two ways
of decreasing the speed of the elevator.
The driver may be of any form that will clamp on the tubing, but one of the
most convenient forms will be a wheel E (Figs. 13 and 14) the rim of which
may have grooves or V recesses for a driving rope. The kind best suited for
facilitating transport amounts practically to two wheels, one above the other, so
made that when bolted to the tube they appear one wheel the rim forming an
annular box open at the top, into which earth or other matter may be placed
as a load.
By tightening or slackening the securing nuts the driver can be raised or lowered
at will.

page_text: At points within the annular box spokes can be inserted into sockets so that me ›
can without walking round rotate the apparatus.
For work where it would be more convenient to do without a wheel for th
driver, a simple pair of clamps with an arm on one end of each but placed opposite
to each other will serve as the driver, when bolted so as to grip the tubing, and there
may of course be any number of arms that there is room for. For driving by hand
power direct the clamp with arms only or also with a rim fixed or detachable, and
thus forming a wheel, may be used as preferred by the operator, but for driving
by a mechai ieal motor the wheel is preferable. When intended to be used as an
aid to transport, the driver is made so that it can be used as two separate wheel-.
into the centres of which an axle having a lever at right angles is fitted, thus
forming a carriage which may be used for transport.
The cap piece F is connected by a coupling B₁ to the driving tubing B to
which it is keyed; from that point upwards the cap piece springs into webs f
tapering outwards leaving the elevator exposed on both sides. At their upper ends
the webs are joined by a crown piece H into which a guide tube is vertically
screwed or the guide tube need have no screw in which case it will be held by a
pin or a key or both. Such a guide tube is not shown in the drawings, the form of
guide which I prefer being that shewn in Figure 13 placed below the cap piece as
hereinafter described with reference to the tripod.
Between the part 6 carrying the pin D and the cap picce there is simply the
tubing B with its couplings and keys 6' and the elevator C within the couplings
and the ends of the tubing fitting into them being provided with threads or with
part threads for rapidly connecting the parts together when desirable. The tubing
may be of mild steel or any other metal or alloy that will meet the requirements for
which the apparatus may be designed and the tubes are preferably swollen at the
ends leaving the insides of the tubing smooth.
The cap piece F is shewn in the drawings as carrying the tumbler J the spindle
or shaft
and the pinions K K¹ for imparting motion to the elevator C, the gear
for working the revolving brushes L and the arms for elevator scraper as shewn in
Figure 7 when such is used in place of or in combination with a revolving brush
or used in advance thereof. The cap piece also carries the top stationary brush M
the shoot N and other parts bei einafter described. The cap piece may be of
cast malleable iron or steel thoroughly annealed or of any material suited to
the requirements.
The lower end of the cap piece F is constructed to clamp on by means of
clamps O to the coupling B¹ which is screwed on and keyed to the upper length
for the time being of the bore tube B. This coupling is thicker than the coupling
which have merely to hold the tubing together, since it is subjected to more wear
and tear, and may be made of mild steel or wrought iron preferably with V shaped
grooves on its outer surface as shewn in Fig. 4 so as to make the grip of the cap
piece secure, the inside of the clamps O being slightly grooved to the same gauge.
The webs join the clamps O to the crown piece H the whole being either one casting
or built together to constitute one part. In the crown piece H bushes j' are pro-
vided for the tumbler spindle j. On the collar which is shown immediately above
the spindle j' the stationary pinion K' rests, its inside being bored to fit the turned
part of the crown piece H which works within it. The collar which may be of
malleable iron or mild steel serves to keep the said stationary pinion K' in position
and is held by a bolt which in turn is held by a loose collar with a split pin the
same bolt serving also to hold the lifting shackle j for attachment to the tripod
when required as hereinafter described. The tumbler spindle ; is held longitudinally
by collars. The pinion K for working the spindle may be keyed to it but where
a series of pinions are used to gear into a series of bevelled stationary teeth for
different speeds the particular pinion in use will be held by its set pin the other
pinions being allowed to run loose on the spindle but held in position longitudinally
by collars or sleeves or the like. The tumbler J has a feather fixed in it and the
spindle has a keyway extending from one end so that by placing the tumbler

page_text: between the cheeks that hold it sideways driving the spindle through the bushes to
the required point and fixing the loose collars of spindle the connection is made.
The sheave or pulley Q for driving the revolving brush is keyed to the tumbler
spindle it may be placed as shown in the drawings or on the opposite side from the
tumbler pinion the driven sheave Q₁ being placed to suit the band q running either
direct or crossed as may be required to brush off the borings in the required
direction. In the drawings the sheaves are however shown on the same side as the
tumbler pinion.
In an apparatus designed for work where a great variety of speeds of elevator
and speeds of brush are an advantage, the driver would not be one sheave but a
series of different diameters constituting a cone the brush spindle being fitted with
a corresponding cone and there would then be a series of tumbler pinions for
different speeds of elevator, and the cones could be placed on the opposite ends of
the spindle.
The revolving brushes L L are keyed on spindles which revolve in adjustable bear-
ings that are attached to adjustable brackets 13 and the driven sheaves are keyed
to the ends of the spindles. The revolving brushes being similar and adjustable one
brush will do for either side but for rapidity of action there may be two brushes as
shewn the band being passed over the spindle of the one in action while boring in one
direction and shifted to the other when the apparatus is reversed (or only one brush
may be used which may be shifted as desired) or the two can act together brushing
in the same or in opposite directions as may be desirable for the particular work in
hand.
Where both brushes are required to work simultaneously two bands would be
The adjustable
employed driven by two of the grooves of the driving cone.
bracket is for regulating the strain on the band the adjustable bearings 1 being
provided to admit of regulating the grip of the circular brushes so that though
the diameter may alter by wear, the brush can be used till it is worn out, and may
at any of its diameters be made to brush lightly or with any degree of force as
As the circular brush
may be required in the different kinds of borings met with.
removes the borings from the elevator they fall into the shoot N and from there
they drop into a receiving tray and thence into a receptacle suitable for examination
or for packing into sections. As an alternative method for removing the borings
from the elevator working independently or in advance of the circular brush, I
may employ an automatically working scraper R, as shewn in Figure 7.
The scraper attached to a bar r joining a pair of arms 1 working on pivots,³
that are fixed in the cap piece the pivots being situated above the bar that connects
the arm.
When the scraper is in position against the elevator chain the scoop
links catch the scraper and raise it so that the scraper moves outwardly as well as
upwardly and a horizontal scraping motion results until the scraper falls over the
scoop link of the elevator and lies against the connecting links which are then
scraped by their vertical motion as the scraper bears against them until the next
scoop link reaches the scraper when the horizontal scraping begins again and so on.
When the scraper is not wanted to act the arms may be lifted so as to hold the
scraper outside of the range of contact. The particular degree of force applied
to the scraper may be obtained either by a weight attached to the bar r or to
the scraper, or by adjustable springs bearing on the arms, or the weight may be on
the arms.
When preferred, owing to the nature of the borings a brush is made to
Its motion can he
revolve within an adjustable bracket 25 mounted on the arm.
conveyed by an elastic belt from a small pulley attached to the tumbler spindle.
The brush may work at the same time as the scraper or independently, thereof.
The brushing motion may be taken either from the tumbler spindle as herein-
before described, or from another pinion in gear with the stationary pinion, as may
be preferred.
Above the circular brush but between the inner sides of the elevator there is a

page_text: stationary brush M for rendering these sides perfectly clean before they reach the
tumbler J the brush being secured with a bolt or in any other equivalent manner.
The tripod serves to guide lift or suspend the boring apparatus and may be of
tubing or tight laced bars of iron or steel, or of any other light strong material.
Its cap is shewn above the tubing in the drawings. A suitable form of tripod is
shewn in Figures 13, 15 and 16. The legs of the tripod are marked t, the cap t¹,
the side stays t², the central stays (forming also lower guide frames), the top
guide frame, the guides to, an annular tray to, the receiver seat t and the
stationary pinion holder t8.
As the borings leave the elevator they are received by any suitable receptacle,
for example they may fall into a tapered mouthpiece or shoot, and if the borings
fall into a glass as the work proceeds the person in charge can see what is the
nature of the strata being bored.
He may remove one glass or receptacle replacing it by another and examine
the borings when he pleases or pack then in sections for future inspection.
A convenient arrangement is as follows:-An annular tray to with a tubular
cotton or other flexible shoot 8 with hoops to of a little less diameter than the tray
on its outer side. The canvas having its lower end attached a few inches above
the entrance to the tray, and its upper end a few inches below the shoot before
referred to, the upper end being hung from pins, on the stationary pinion holder to.
In that arrangement the borings can be seen at three points. First, as they fall
from shoot, next as they fall into the tray, and again as they fall from the lowest
point of the tray to the receiver which may be placed on a seat which may be hung
from the lower guide frame. As the apparatus sinks the flexible shoot folds down
above the outside of the tray, and the ends of the shoot will retain their positions
relatively with the outlet of shoot above, and the outer part of the tray below.
The receptacle for the borings, which may be called the receiver may be of any
form or dimensions that may be desired, and may be made of transparent material
or not as preferred.
The details which I have described specially deal with apparatus as applied to
prospecting put po-es and I do not limit myself to the precise details set forth but
it also serves to indicate the principles of the invention. The apparatus will bore
any size hole but in the case of large holes the blades of the borer need not be in
one casting or forging as hereinbefore described but may be built together of
parts, the cutting edges being preferably tool steel while the other parts may be
castings.
In cases where the object is simply to bore a hole in material that can be pressed
into the adjacent strata and where the borings are not wanted the elevator need not
be in its place. The borer A in Figure 1 would not then have openings for
receiving the borings, and the work can be facilitated by the projection of water in
sprays, the pressure being obtained from a pump attached to the cap piece and
worked by an eccentric sheave or its equivalent keyed to the tumbler spindle the
outlets being a series of holes on the leading or following faces of the blades and
connected by a pipe to the pump which would draw its supply from an annular
trough also attached to the cap piece the mouth or inlet to the trough being open
all round so that a flexible hose may run water into it as may be required. Or the
pressure can be obtamed by simply keeping the boring tube full of water regulating
valves being used in either case as may be required.
For convenience of transport the apparatus may be taken in parts from one
place to another and erected where it may be required. When in position and its
several parts connected, a rotating motion is conveyed to the boring tube through
the driving wheel or clamp and the several working parts simultaneously get into
motion as herein before described.
Where it is desired to lengthen or shorten the tubing and elevator while the
apparatus is in position the disconnection and reconnection may be in the following
order. Taking as an illustration the case when the apparatus is placed to bore

page_text: vertically the suspending shackle in crown piece is placed into the lower hook of
hosting tackle hung from the swivel hook above, and a light strain is applied.
The two sides of the elevator are then gripped above the clamp of the cap piece so
that below that point the elevator when disconnected will remain in its position.
The bolts of the clamp are then slackened and the cap piece with the free part of
elevator are lowered the latter is then disconnected and the cap piece with its
connections including the upper part of the elevator are then hoisted clear so that
room is left for the connection of another length of tubing with elevator within,
the latter is then connected at the lower points previously disconnected, the lower
end of the tube next, then the elevator above while the clamps of the cap piece
are over the driving coupling but below the working position, then the cap piece is
raised to take up the slackness of the elevator, the clamp bolts are then screwed
up, care being taken that they are in proper line, so that the elevator has no twist
given to it. The boring may then proceed. The shortening of the apparatus is
effected by the reverse operation, care being taken to suspend the lower tubing
when it is not supported in the hole by a clamp above ground but below the point
where the disconnection is desired.
The apparatus may also be used for boring holes in any kind of material that
can be bored, but of course the borer must be made of material of a temper and of
dimensions suited to the work to be done. For instance if intended for boring
holes in iron, the cutting edges will be similar in temper and keenness to the edges
of ordinary tools for boring iron, and the cutters themselves will be curved as
shewn for example in the drawings (Figure 1) but with the vertically inclined
faces on the inner sides of the blades i.e. on the reverse side to that shewn in the
drawing and the apparatus will be rotated so as to force the borings towards the
centre and into the hollow of the borer. The same directions apply when
the apparatus is used for boring wood, the only difference being that the borer
would need less strength, and have still keener edges with sharper angles.
For work where the apparatus is wanted in a permanent position to bore
materials placed under it, the driver need not be clamped to the tubing, which
would then rotate within and slide upwards and downwards in bearings attached to
a suitable frame, the driving motion being imparted to the tubing by a wheel
placed above the stationary pinion and fitted with feathers so as to admit of the
passage of the tubing upwards or downwards during rotation; as for instance in
the driving of an ordinary drilling machine.
When the apparatus is designed for such work, the tubing is preferred without
projecting couplings so that it is smooth without as well as within or it may be in
one part the cap piece may be keyed direct to the driving tube and the force for
pressing the tubing downwards or lifting it upwards may either be applied through
a screw or lever as in the case of an ordinary vertical drill.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A boring apparatus which may be portable or fixed and made of different capacity
to suit different requirements and which may be lengthened or shortened as required
for deep or shallow boring and which when rotated, will, besides separating the
material to be bored, force the borings in the desired direction, take hold of them
at whatever depth the boring tool may be working and deliver the borings at any
desired point in the vicinity of the apparatus, the delivery taking place whether
the apparatus is in action for right or left handed boring all substantially as
described.
2. The various forms of boring heads or tools for the separation of different kinds
of material, which are formed so as to force the borings towards the centre and into
a recess therein from which the borings can be automatically delivered as the
work proceeds or by reversing the direction of rotation force part of the borings
into the recess and press the remainder into the adjacent strata or in the case of

page_text: the recesses being closed press the material into the adjacent strata all substantially
as hereinbefore described.
3. The improved shoe for attachment to a tube for use in boring constructed so
as to remove material in either an upward or downward direction substantially as
and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figure 12 of the
accompanying drawings.
4. The improved arrangement of bearings for use in deep earth boring tubes or
the like substantially as and for the purpose herein before described and illustrated
in Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
5. In apparatus for boring earth and the like, elevators having their scoops
constituting links in the same and formed substantially as and for the purpose as
herein before described.
6. The improved forms of elevators substantially as described and illustrated in
Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11.
7. In apparatus for boring purposes, the improved form of automatic scraper in
combination with an adjustable revolving brush mounted either on the scraper arms
or otherwise substantially as hereinbefore described.
8. In apparatus for boring purposes the improved arrangements of mechanism
for imparting motion to the tumbler spindle substantially as hereinbefore
described.
9. The modified form of apparatus for use without the elevator device in which
water may be projected through the borer head to assist in separating the
surrounding material through which the borer passes substantially as hereinbefore
described.
10. The general construction, combination and arrangement of parts constituting
improvements in apparatus for boring and prospecting purposes substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 29th day of June 1895.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
Agents.