IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING MATERIALS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LIME AND CEMENTS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Lark, of 5, Bridge Foot, Vauxhall Cross,
in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS
FOR BURNING MATERIALS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LIME AND CEMENTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Lark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
December 1856.
I, JAMES LARK, of 5, Bridge Foot, Vauxhall Cross, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declaro the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILES
FOR BURNING MATERIALS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LIME AND CEMENTS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in kilns for burning materials
in the manufacture of lime and cements. For these purposes it is preferred
that the kiln should be of a circular section, and of a conical form, larger
at top than at bottom. The upper part of the kiln is closed or roofed in
for the most part, leaving openings for feeding the kiln with the material
to be burned, together with the fuel employed. The central portion of the
roof opens into a flue, in order to carry off the heated products for use. The
interior of the kiln is lined with fire bricks, having a hollow space or flues
between the outer wall and the lining. Openings are left at the upper parts
of the lining, in order that heated air from the space above the charge in

page_text: the kiln may enter and pervade the spaces or flues between the lining and
the outer wall. From the spaces or flues between the lining and the outer
wall there are flues by which the heated products cau flow away and bo
used for heating and drying purposes; and in order to regulate the outgoing
heated air and products from these flues, dampers or valves are applied.
Into the space or flues between the outer wall and lining at the lower parts
of the kiln, cold air is admitted to keep the lower parts of the kiln cooled
down as much as may be, the heated air thus obtained being conducted
away by suitable passages or flues; to be used for drying and other purposes,
and the burned products are drawn from outlets at the bottom of the kiln.
In the centre of the kiln is constructod a shaft, by preference of brickwork.
This shaft rises through the upper part and roof of the kiln, and a slide or
valve is omployed to regulate or stop. the passage of air above the charge
in the kiln. Outside of this central shaft is a bollow trunk of fire bricks,
closed at top; and passages aro formed in the upright shaft for air to pass
from the shaft into the space between the trunk and the shaft; and the
heated air from the trunk is conveyed away by suitable flues to the outlets
from the space between the lining and the outer wall. By this arrangement
and construction there may be á continual feeding and drawing of the kiln.
The otherwise waste heat will be conducted off under the most favorable
circumstances for heating fluids, and for heating and drying purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Lark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd June 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
LARK, of 5, Bridge Foot, Vauxhall Cross, in the County of Surrey, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her 'heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Lark, Her special licence that I, the said James Lark,
iny executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
James Lark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and

page_text: vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR
BURNING MATERIALS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LIME AND CEMENTS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Lark, ny executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Lark, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention; and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment thereof, that is to say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in kilns for burning materials
in the manufacture of lime and cements. For these purposes it is preferred
that the kiln should be of a circular section, and of a conical form, larger
at top than at bottom.
The upper part of the kiln is closed or roofed in for the most part, leaving
openings for feeding the kiln with the material to be burned, together with
the fuel employed. The central portion of the roof opens into a flue, in
order to carry off the heated products for use.
The interior of the kiln is lined with fire bricks, having a hollow space
or flues between the outer wall and the lining. Openings are left at the
upper parts of the lining, in order that heated air from the space above the
charge in the kiln may enter and pervade the spaces or flues between the
lining and the outer wall. From the spaces or flues between the lining and
the outer wall there are flues by which the heated products can flow away,
and be used for heating and drying purposes. And in order to regulate the
outgoing heated air and products from these flues, dampers or valves are
applied: Into the space or flues between the outer wall and lining at the
lower part of the kiln, cold, air is admitted to keep the lower parts of the
kiln cooled down as much as may be, the heated air thus obtained - being
conducted away by suitable passages or flues, to be used for drying and
other purposes, and the burned products are drawn from outlets at the bottom
of the kiln. In the centre of the kiln is constructed a shaft, by preference
of brickwork. This shaft rises through the upper part and roof of the kiln,
and a slide or valve is employed to regulate or stop the passage of air above
the charge in the kiln. Outside of this central shaft is a hollow trunk of

page_text: fire bricks, closed at top; and passages are formed in the upright shaft for
air to pass from the shaft into the space between the trunk and the shaft;
and the heated air from the trunk is conveyed away by suitable flues to the
outlets from the space between the lining and the outer wall. By this
arrangement and construction there may be a continual feeding and drawing
of the kiln. The otherwise waste heat will be conducted off under the
most favourable circumstances for heating fluids, and for heating and drying
purposes.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shews a vertical section of a kiln constructed according to my
Invention; Figure 2 shews a horizontal section taken near the bottom of the
kiln. The kiln is of a conical form, closed in at top, as shewn, leaving
opening at the upper part of the kiln for feeding in the materials to be
burned; and at the bottom there are four openings for withdrawing the
charge as it becomes burned and cooled down.
I would here state that the construction of the kiln, except in respect to
the air flues and passages (between the lining and outer brickwork) hereafter
described, does not materially differ from kilns which have before been
constructed.
a, a, is the outer masonry of the kiln; b, b, is a lining of fire bricks, at
such a distance from the inside of the outer masonry as to admit of the space
being formed into flues or passages for receiving atmospheric air, and such
lining is bonded into the outer masonry at suitable intervals, as is indicated
by the Drawing. The space between the lining and the outer masonry is
divided horizontally at c, c, and is shewn; and there are air passages d, d, at
the bottom, by which atmospheric air may pass freely into the space between
the lining and the outer masonry. There are other passages e, e, by which
the air as it becomes heated may pass out; and the same may by suitable
flues or pipes be conducted in any direction, in order to be used for heating
and drying purposes; and the speed at which such heated air is allowed to
pass off may be regulated by a suitable valve or valves in the flues or pipes
which are in connection with the lower space, between the lining and the
outer masonry of the kiln. The upper space between the lining and the
outer masonry of the kiln has openings at x, x, which may pass from the
upper part of the kiln into the space between the lining and outer masonry,
and so that the heated air and products above the materials which are being

page_text: burned may pass into such space and downwards through the upper space;
and there are other openings at f, f, where the heated air can pass away
from the upper space, and be conveyed by suitable pipes or flues, and be
used for heating and drying purposes; and the speed at which such heated
air shall pass out of the upper space may be regulated by suitable valves
applied to the pipes or flues employed to carry off such heated air from the
upper space; or the openings at a, a, may be formed through the lining and
through the outer masonry, so that the products may pass out, as indicated
by the larger arrows. In addition to the spaces between the lining and the
outer masonry of the kiln, there is constructed a central hollow shaft, with
an external lining constructed in such manner as to leave a hollow space
between the lining; and the external surfaces of the internal hollow shaft
and passages are arranged to communicate with the outer atmospher, in
order that a constant flow of air may take place into and from the hollow
shaft, and into and from the space between it and the lining around it, and
from such central space into the space at the upper part of the kiln, as is
indicated by the arrows in the Drawing. By these means the lower part
of a kiln may be constantly kept cooled, and the same will admit of a continued
process of feeding at top of the kiln, and withdrawing of the finished charge
from below, whilst a very large quantity of heated air will be obtained for
drying and heating purposes, whilst the lining and other parts of the kiln
will be preserved.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and, the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the details herein shown and explained; but what I claim is, the construction
of kilns with air spaces, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Lark, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
JA. G. JONES.
JAMES LARK. (L.B.)