IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF COATING METALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED. PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Morewood, of Stratford, in the County of.
Essex, and Andrew Whytock, of Little St. Andrew Street, St. Martin's
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PROCESS OF COATING METALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Morewood and
Andrew Whytock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th March 1862.
We, EDMUND MOREWOOD, of Stratford, in the County of Essex, and ANDREW
WHYTOCK, of Little St. Andrew Street, St. Martin's Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PROCESS OF COATING METALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED," to be as
follows:-
One object of our Invention is to use rosin or a mixture of rosin and tallow
as a flux on the surface of melted lead, or tin, or alloys of those metals, when
coating iron or other metal, by using two or more coating baths worked in
connection by the aid of machinery, which causes the sheets to pass from one
bath to the other whilst in the process of coating. We also use rosin or a

page_text: mixture of rosin and tallow on the surface of alloys of lead and antimony or
bismuth, with or without tin, and of tin or alloys of tin when using a roller or
rollers, or a guide or guides, or bar to assist in the process of coating sheets of
iron or of coated iron or copper with those metals or alloys. And in this
coating we cause the end of the sheet which goes into the metal first to come
out first from the melted metal. We also sometimes give to such galvanized.
or zinced iron, and after coating of tin or, of lead or of such alloys of tin
consisting principally of lead and tin as melt at a lower temperature than the
first coating metal, and we then use a bath containing the second coating
metal divided by a bar or otherwise, so as to cause the sheets or wire or pieces
of metal to enter on one side and pass under such division and so as to make
their exit on the other side. We also coat zinced sheets, wire, or pieces of
metal with tin or alloys of tin, by causing them to pass into or beneath or out
of the melted coating metal by means or with the aid of a roller or rollers or
a guide or guides. We also use the waste or spent flux or rosin either by
themselves or mixed with sal ammoniac on the surface of lead, or of the lead
and tin with which we give a second coating of metal, melting at a lower
temperature than the first coating to sheets or wire or pieces of metal which
have been coated with molten zinc or alloys of zinc.. We also use a roller or
rollers in combination with guides or suitable machinery to conduct the sheets
in their travel from the rollers in the first or zinc coating bath to the rollers
in the second bath, which contains lead or metal melting at a lower temperature
than the first coating bath. Sometimes we employ a roller working in con-
nection with a band or endless chain of wrought iron, or other suitable
material, as an instrument for coating or to aid in the process of coating in the
place of a pair of rollers. Sometimes. we use hollow tubes penetrating, or
rúnning into or through the bath of coating metal in order to convey the heat
of the fire more advantageously to the coating metal than in the ordinary
mode
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edmund Morewood and Andrew Whytock, in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 24th September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDMUND
MOREWOOD, of Stratford, in the County, of Essex, and ANDREW WHYTOCK, of
Little St. Andrew Street, St. Martin's Lane, in. the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of March in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Edmund Morewood and Andrew Whytock, Her special licence that we, the said
Edmund Morewood and Andrew Whytock, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Edmund Morewood and Andrew Whytock
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF COATING
METALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Edmund Morewood and Andrew Whytock, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us' or them, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edmund Morewood and Andrew
Whytock, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manuer the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
One object of our Invention is to use rosin or a mixture of rosin and tallow
as a flux on the surface of melted lead or tin or alloys of those metals when
coating iron or other metal, by using two or more-coating baths worked
in connection by the aid of machinery, which causes the sheets to pass from
one bath to the other whilst in the process of coating. We also use rosin
or a mixture of rosin and tallow on the surface of alloys of lead and antimony
or bismuth, with or without tin, and of tiu or alloys of tin when using a roller
or rollers or a guide or guides or bar to assist in the process of coating sheets
of iron or of coated iron or copper with those metals or alloys. And in this
coating we cause the end of the sheet which goes into the metal first to come
out first from the melted metal. We also sometimes give to galvanized or
zinced iron an after coating of tin or of lead or of such alloys of, tin consisting
principally of lead and tin as melt at a lower temperature than the first coating
metal; and we then use a bath containing the second coating metal divided
by a bar or otherwise so as to cause the sheets or wire or pieces of metal to

page_text: enter on one side and pass under such division and so as to make their exit on
the other side. We also coat such zinced sheets, wire, or pieces of metal with
tin or alloys of tin by causing them to pass into or beneath or out of the
melted coating metal by means or with the aid of a roller or rollers or a guide
'or guides. We also use the waste or spent flux or rosin either by themselves
or mixed with sal ammoniac on the surface of lead or of the lead and tin with
which we give a second coating of metal, melting at a lower temperature than
the first coating to sheets or wire or pieces of metal which have been coated
with molten zinc or alloys of zinc. We also use a roller or rollers in combination
with guides or suitable machinery to conduct the sheets in their travel from
the rollers in the first or zinc coating bath to the rollers in the second bath
which contains lead or metal melting at a lower temperature than the first
coating bath. Sometimes we employ a roller working in connection with
a band or endless chain of wrought iron or other suitable material as an
instrument for coating or to aid in the process of coating in. the place of a
pair of rollers. Sometimes we use hollow tubes penetrating or running into
or through the bath of coating metal in order to convey the heat of the
fire more advantageously to the coating metal than in the ordinary mode.
When coating. iron or other metals with alloys of lead and tin we, as
hereafter explained, use a flux of rosin or of rosin and tallow on the
surface of such melted coating metal on that side of the bath of metal
where the iron or other metal enters but not at the side where the coated
metal leaves the bath, the surface of such entrance side being separated
by a bar of iron from the side where the coated metal leaves the bath. In
some cases, however, we cause the sheets or pieces of metal to receive
a first coating with molten metal on which some other flux than rosin
or than rosin and tallow is applied. We in all cases prefer to use two
or more baths of melted metal in combination with mechanism to transfer
the sheets or pieces of metal from one bath to the next, as hereafter
explained when coating sheets or pieces of metal with two or more similar
or dissimilar coatings. We prefer to proceed as follows:-In a first bath
we place rollers with guides as described in the Patent granted to Edmund
Morewood, dated 3rd October 1859, and in a second bath which is placed
behind the first we also have similar rollers or guides and we also place a
similar guide and pair of rollers between the first and second baths in order
that a sheet or other suitable piece of metal on making its exit from the first
bath shall pass down into and through the. second bath and become coated
with the coating metal in the second bath. The sheets or pieces of metal
are conducted into the first bath and into and. out of the second bath in

page_text: the manner described in the said former Specification. Our practice has
ordinarily been when using lead as the coating metal in the first bath to use
on the surface thereof as a flux at the entrance side of the bath the
waste or spent flux taken from the surface of a zinc or galvanizing bath
when muriate of ammonia commonly called sal ammoniac has been used as
a flux on the surface of the melted zinc, with which waste flux we mix
a little, say one-fourth part of fresh sal ammoniac, and we cause the piece
or sheet of metal to make its exit from such first coating bath either
through clear metal on which there is no flux or through some other
matter than that through which it entered this bath, so that it leaves the
first bath with little or none of the waste or sal ammoniac flux on its
surface. And we cause the sheet or piece of metal to enter the second
bath in which is melted lead alloyed with 15 per cent. of tin through a flux
of rosin or of rosin and tallow floating on the surface of the melted metal on
the entrance side of such second.bath. Although such flux of rosin or, rosin and
tallow has not the rusting- tendency. of the waste or sal ammoniac flux
yet this flux clings to the surface of the sheet or piece of iron or other inetal
when it is being withdrawn from the coating. metal through such flux; we do
not therefore place rosin or rosin and tallow on the side of the second
bath where iron or other metal is withdrawn from the bath but confine it to
the entrance side. When the bath in the second pot or vessel. contains
lead with more than 15 per cent. of tin we find it desirable in practice to have
an alloy of lead and tin, in the first bath, and if such alloy contains 15 or
more per cent. of tin, we use at the entrance side of such bath a flux of
rosin or rosin and tallow. When we coat with an alloy of two-thirds lead and
one-third tin we prefer to use the same alloy in both baths and we use rosin
or rosin and tallow on the entrance side of each bath. When it is desired
that bismuth or antimony should be used with tin or with lead or with
an alloy of those metals, we still use a flux of rosin or rosin and tallow.
In order to give to galvanized or zinced iron an after coating of tin or of
lead, or of alloys consisting principally of lead and tin, which melt at a lower
temperature than the zinc, we employ two baths worked mechanically in such
manner that the sheet or piece of iron or wire may be caused to pass out of the
zinc bath into and through the bath of tin or lead, or of tin and lead melting at
a less temperature than zinc. For these purposes we use two pots or vessels
and mechanical apparatus arranged and combined as above described. The
first vessel or pot is a wrought-iron bath of melted zinc with, by preference, a
flux of sal ammoniac on the entrance side and sand or no flux, or only spent
flux, on the other side. The second vessel is, by preference, a cast-iron bath

page_text: of melted lead with about 15 per cent. of tin, though the proportion may be
varied, or tin or lead only may be used in the second bath. The mechanical
apparatus employed with these baths is to be arranged in such manner that
plates or pieces of iron or wire may have a travel of about sixty inches in the
zinc bath between the entrance and exit, and about twenty to thirty inches in
the second bath, and provision should be made for varying the extent of travel
in order that the workman may adjust the extent of such travel so that the
sheet or piece or wire may be well coated with zinc, and at the same time with
the metal in the second bath without injuring the zinc. On the entrance side
of the second bath is applied spent flux of the zincing process (when sal
ammoniac has been used) with a little fresh sal ammoniac, and no flux is applied
to the other side of the bath. In place of the spent flux rosin may be used.
When coating wire with zinc and a second coating of tin or lead or alloys,
then the guides used in the second bath should be arranged to have a like
surface speed as the passing wire, for which purpose we use grooved rollers.
Sometimes, in order to have the advantages of a roller or a pair of rollers com-
bined with those of a moving guide, we cause one part of a band, or endless
chain to revolve close round the under part of a roller, which we prefer to
make six inches in diameter, and which is set or kept in motion in contact
with the melted coating metal or with some flux, as melted tallow or rosin,
such motion being communicated from a steam engine or otherwise by suitable
arrangements, as is well understood. Out of the melted metal is a roller or
drum, the diameter of which we prefer to make two feet if the bath of melted
metal or flux be two feet in width. This drum or roller we place so that its
centre is about six feet above the melted metal; and we also cause it to
revolve by any convenient mode at the same surface speed as the roller
which is in contact with the melted metal. Round and pressing upon the
upper part of this drum or roller another part of this band or endless chain
revolves, being kept stretched between it and the six-inch roller in the bath of
melted metal. If we wish to pass sheets or other pieces of iron or other metal
of suitable size under or through the melted metal or flux we place the part of
the iron or other metal (which is to enter first into the melted metal or flux)
inside the revolving band, so that it will descend into the opening between the
band and the six-inch roller, and so that the band, being stretched tightly
against the bottom of such six-inch roller (and both moving in the same
direction), the sheet or piece of metal passes into the nip between the band
and the lower roller and is carried on through the coating metal by the motion
of the band and rollers, and upward until it reaches such a point that it can
be conveniently withdrawn. Or the rollers and band may be applied to intro-

page_text: ducing or removing sheets or pieces of metal into or from the coating bath ;
the rollers and band in-such case are outside the melted metal and the sheets
are merely placed upon the band, which is then used as a traveller to conduct
the sheets into or from the coating rollers. When we use it as an instrument
for feeding the rollers we make such band or endless chain travel so that
sheets move down an incline into the jaws of the coating rollers or guides.
In order to economize the fuel when heating metal for the purpose of coating
other metal, or when keeping such metal hot, and in order to melt it in a
shorter time than if heated only by the fire acting on the outside of the bath
or vessel containing such coating metal, we use hollow tubes, which we prefer
to make of wrought iron. These hollow tubes open into the fire-place of a
fire, which we prefer to be of coke or charcoal, and starting from thence
convey the heat, by carrying it within them over or through the side of the
bath or vessel; or such tubes containing the hot air may be otherwise intro-
duced into the coating metal so that such hollow tubes conveying hot air
come in contact with the coating metal and travel so far through it as may
be found convenient or desirable and out again into a chimney or flue or
otherwise. And we place the tubes so that where they are in contact with the
melted metal they are surrounded by the melted metal.
.
We claim, first, when coating iron or other metal by using two or more
coating baths worked mechanically, as herein described, the use of rosin or
rosin and tallow at the entrance side of one or both baths.
Secondly, the application of a flux of rosin or of rosin and tallow at the
entrance side of a bath of an alloy of lead with antimony or with bismuth
used with or without tin; also at the entrance side of a bath of tin or alloy of
tin when such alloys are used in combination with a roller or guide or bar to
divide the surface of the bath in such manner as to cause the end of the sheet
or piece of iron or other metal which first enters the melted metal to come
out first.
Thirdly, the passing of sheets or pieces or wire of galvanized or zinced
metal through a second coating bath mechanically combined with the zincing
bath, as herein described; and we also claim the application of the spent flux
or rosin, as herein described, to the entrance side of a second bath, through
which sheets or pieces or wire previously coated with zinc are caused to pass,
as described.
,
Fourthly, the use of a roller or rollers in combination with a band or endless
chain of wrought iron or other suitable material in the place of a pair of
rollers to conduct sheets or pieces of metal or wire in the process of coating
with molten metal, as described.

page_text: Fifthly, the application of hollow tubes penetrating or running into or
through the bath of coating metal so as to convey or introduce the heat of the
fire to the coating métal, as described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edmund Morewood and Andrew
Whytock, have hereunto set our hands and seals this Twenty-third day
of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred'
and sixty-two.
EDMUND MOREWOOD. (L.S.)
AND. WHYTOCK.
(L.B.)
EDMUND MOREWOOD. (L.S.)
AND. WHYTOCK.
(L.B.)