IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POUCHES OF INDIA-RUBBER AND INDIA- RUBBER FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater, of Guildford Street,
York Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POUCHES OF INDIA-RUBBER AND INDIA-
RUBBER FABRICS,"
Sealed the 15th August 1861, and dated the 22nd February 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Manuel Leopold Jonas
Lavater at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd February 1861.
I, MANUEL LEOPOLD JONAS LAVATER, of Guildford Street, York Road,
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POUCHES OF INDIA-
RUBBER AND INDIA-RUBBER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
pouches of india-rubber and india-rubber fabrics. Heretofore such pouches,
which consist of a bag or pocket with a mouth or opening into it, with a
suitable flap to cover the mouth, have been made of sheet india-rubber cut to
a suitable form and caused to adhere together as required, and when so put
together the india-rubber has been vulcanized by what is known as 'the cold
process or the sulphur bath. Now according to my Invention, in order to
give a neat external form to such pouches, I mould them by means of moulds
of the form required; by this means a much neater pouch may be made
than it is possible to make by simply sticking together sheet india-rubber.
I prefer to form the pouches of a mixture of india-rubber and

page_text: sulphur, then to mould them to form externally and vulcanize them by heat
whilst in the moulds, the expansion of the air within the pouch when the heat
is applied forcing its sides against the interior of the mould. Pouches may
however be made of sheet india-rubber, then moulded, and afterwards
vulcanized by what is known as the cold process or sulphur bath. In some
cases I make pouches of india-rubber fabric, that is to say, of woven fabric
coated with india-rubber, from this material a stiffer and stronger pouch can
be made than from india-rubber alone. I also according to my Invention
make pouches of india-rubber and india-rubber fabrics of an egg shape, this
I find to be a very convenient form, as the size of the pouch will be small
compared with its capacity.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd August 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MANUEL
LEOPOLD JONAS LAVATER, of Guildford Street, York Road, Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater, Her special licence that I, the
said Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein éxpressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POUCHES OF INDIA-
RUBBER AND INDIA-RUBBER FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
pouches of india-rubber, and india-rubber fabrics. Heretofore, such pouches;
which consist of a bag or pocket with a mouth or opening into it, and a
suitable flap to cover the mouth, have been made of sheet india-rubber cut
to a suitable form, and caused to adhere together as required, and when so put
together the india-rubber, has been vulcanized by what is known as the cold
process or sulphur bath. Now according to my Invention, in order to give a
neat external form to such pouches, I mould them by means of moulds of
the form required; by this means a much neater pouch may be made than
it is possible to make by simply sticking together sheet india-rubber. I prefer
to form the pouches of a mixture of india-rubber and sulphur, then to mould
them to form externally, and vulcanize them by heat whilst in the moulds, the
expansion of the air within the pouch when the heat is applied forcing its sides
against the interior of the mould.. Pouches may however be made of sheet
india-rubber, then moulded, and afterwards vulcanized by what is known as
the cold process or sulphur bath. In some cases I make pouches of india-
rubber fabric, that is to say, of woven fabric coated with india-rubber; from
this material a stiffer and stronger pouch can be made than from india-rubber
alone. I also, according to my Invention, make pouches of india-rubber and
india-rubber fabrics of an egg shape; this I find to be a very convenient form,
as the size of the pouch will be small compared with its capacity. :
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
Figures 1 and 2 shew the two forms of pouches most generally used, but
the shapes may be greatly varied, and pouches made of other forms, such
as an egg-shaped or otherwise; but I make no claim to the shapes given to the
pouches, nor do I claim making such pouches of india-rubber, or compounds
of india-rubber, whether vulcanized or not. The peculiarity, consists in
expanding them when in moulds, so that the exterior surfaces may partake of
the character of the interior surfaces of the moulds employed, the expansion
being obtained by heat, which expands, the air contained in the pouches,
and by such means causes the india-rubber, to fill the interior of the moulds...
I prefer to employ the well known compound of india-rubber and sulphur,
which on being heated as is well understood, is changed or converted, and
rendered more constantly elastic by the process known as vulcanization, but

page_text: ordinary india-rubber or, other compounds of india-rubber pouches may be.
expanded and finished in moulds. The moulds employed I prefer to be of.
cast iron though other moulds may be used, the interior of each mould
corresponding in form with the exterior of the pouch. These moulds are,
each usually made of two halves, capable of being fixed together when a
pouch has been introduced therein. The bag or hollow portion of a pouch
is made of sheet india-rubber containing sulphur, the bag being formed
as nearly as may be to the desired form, but closed at all. parts when :
full of air. The flap (when used) is fixed in its proper position over where.
the opening is to be made after the bag has been subjected to heat in a
suitable mould. The interior of the mould may be engraved. or formed with
ornamental or other devices. The mould containing the india-rubber pouch is
then subjected to heat to vulcanize the compound; the heat employed for.
which will at the same time expand the air contained in the bag or hollow
portion of the pouch, and cause it to enter into the mould and to fill every
part thereof, by which the pouch and its flap will, when they come in contact.
with the inside of the mould, not only be caused to take the precise shape of
the interior of the mould, but will at the same time be marked or impressed
with the ornamental or other devices of the interior of the mould. Figure 1
shews a front view and transverse section of an oval pouch which is flattened.
at its two sides; but when desired a similar pouch may be finished in a mould
suitable for producing a circular or other desired transverse section and of
an egg shape, or otherwise longitudinally. Figure 2 shews another form of
pouch which is very generally used; but other forms when desired may be
produced and finished by being caused to expand in moulds according to my
Invention. These pouches have each a fastening, that in Figure 1 is a turn
button, and that in Figure 2 is an ordinary button: where such fastenings are.
used their stems are introduced, and the inner end is covered over with a
disc of prepared india-rubber when making the bag or hollow portion, in order
that all parts may be air-tight. In some cases, in place of having a flap to
a pouch, I cause the opening into it to be extended in such manner as to
produce a neck which is rolled up when subject to heat. In such case the
outer edges of such neck are cemented together in order to make the interior
air-tight, and to retain the air therein whilst being subjected to heat in a
suitable mould. A pouch of this description having been made the neck is
rolled up, and the whole put into a mould and subjected to heat as before
explained, the rolled parts will afterwards retain constantly their rolled form
admitting however (by the elasticity of the vulcanized compound) of the neck
being unrolled and opened, but it will roll up when left unrestrained. The

page_text: pouches having been finished or expanded in moulds are then cut at the
parts where the openings into them are to be. The peculiarity of my Inven-
tion consists in expanding pouches composed or partly composed of india-
rubber as herein described.
In witness whereof I, the said Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one
tion consists in expanding pouches composed or partly composed of india-
rubber as herein described.
In witness whereof I, the said Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one
In witness whereof I, the said Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one
L. J. LAVATER. (L.S.)