A GROOVING AND CLAMPING HOOKED TILE, "BY MEANS OF WHICH THE, ENTIRE ; COVERING, OF A ROOF IS TIED TOGETHER; A MACHINE FOR THE FABRICATION OF SUCH TILE, BY WHICH IT IS CONTINUOUSLY DELIVERED FROM THE MOULD THROUGH A PECULIAR SYSTEM OF DELIVERY APPLI- CABLE TO ANY MATTER THAT MAY BE MOULDED; AND A CONTERMINOUS SUCCESSION OF FURNACES FOR ITS BURNING
Year: 1855

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Emile Muller, a Civil Engineer, and Josephi
Gilardoni, and Xavier Gilardoni, Brothers, established in Paris, Rue
de Provence, No. 12, and Quai de la Gare Prolongée, No. 50, à Ivry,
France, for the Invention of "A GROOVING AND CLAMPING HOOKED TILE, "BY
MEANS OF WHICH THE, ENTIRE ; COVERING, OF A ROOF IS TIED TOGETHER; A
MACHINE FOR THE FABRICATION OF SUCH TILE, BY WHICH IT IS CONTINUOUSLY
DELIVERED FROM THE MOULD THROUGH A PECULIAR SYSTEM OF DELIVERY APPLI-
CABLE TO ANY MATTER THAT MAY BE MOULDED; AND A CONTERMINOUS SUCCESSION
OF FURNACES FOR ITS BURNING."
Sealed the 23rd October 1855, and dated the 27th April 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Emile Muller, Joseph
Gilardoni, and Xavier Gilardoni at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 27th April 1855.
We, the undersigned EMILE MULLER, a Civil Engineer, and JOSEPH GILAR-
DONI, and XAVIER GILARDONI, Brothers, established in Paris, Rue de Provence,
No. 12, and Quai de la Gare Prolongée, No. 50, à Ivry, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A GROOVING AND CLAMPING HOOKED TILE, BY
MEANS OF WHICH THE ENTIRE COVERING OF A ROOP IS TIED TOGETHER; A MACHINE FOR
THE FABRICATION OF SUCH TILE, BY WHICH IT IS CONTINUOUSLY DELIVERED FROM THE
MOULD THROUGH A PECULIAR SYSTEM OF DELIVERY APPLICABLE TO ANY MATTER THAT
MAY BE MOULDED; AND A CONTERMINIOUS SUCCESSION OF FURNACES FOR ITS BURNING,"
to be as follows:-

page_text: The tile for which we seek a Patent is made of burned clay; it is of large
size.
The groovings & clampings at the top, bottom, and sides are so
arranged, and fit into each other in such manner, as to exclude effectually water
and snow at all points of junction. By an arrangement of the ridges in each
tile, so much solidity is given to it as to permit it to be walked over; they
also prevent the accumulation of dust, which is easily washed away by rain.
The tiles are tied together by hooks, which connect them so as not to be
displaced nor raised by the most violent wind. The under face of the tile
is formed in such a manner that at the points where it rests on the lath a
current of air is admitted, which preserves the laths for ever.
The other advantages of this tile are, that it permits a very low pitch to the
roof, that it covers without any leakage, that it is much lighter than any other,
and so still more economises the timber work, already greatly lessened in con-
sequence, of the lowness of the pitch. The machine used in the manufacture of
such tile allows a continuous production without any intermediate matter
between the clay and mould; the system of delivery obviating all adhesion,
either of ceramical products or of any other matter that may be moulded, to
which this system of delivery may be applied.
The furnaces used also allow a regular and continuous burning of the manu-
factured products. They are constructed on the principle of gradually heating
each by the surplus of heat of the other, but their arrangement differs from
those hitherto employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Emile Muller, Joseph Gilardoni and Xavier Gilardoni in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th October 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ÉMILE
MULLER, a Civil Engeneer, and JOSEPH GILARDONI and XAVIER GILARDONI,
Brothers, established in Paris, Rue de Provence, No. 12, and Quai de la
Gare Prolongée, No. 50, à Ivry, France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did; for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Emile Muller, and Joseph Gilardoni & Xavier Gilardoni, Brothers, Her
special licence that we, the said Emile Muller, and Joseph, Gilardoni. and

page_text: '
Xavier Gilardoni, Brothers, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Emile Muller, and Joseph Gilardoni & Xavier.
Gilardoni, Brothers, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any.
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times.
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A
GROOVING AND CLAMPING HOOKED TILE, BY MEANS OF WHICH THE ENTIRE COVERING.
OF A ROOF IS TIED TOGETHER; A MACHINE FOR THE FABRICATION OF SUCH TILE, BY
WHICH IT IS CONTINUOUSLY DELIVERED FROM THE MOULD THROUGH A PECULIAR
SYSTEM OF DELIVERY APPLICABLE TO ANY MATTER THAT MAY BE MOULDED; AND A.
CONTERMINOUS. SUCCESSION OF FURNACES FOR ITS BURNING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Emile Muller, and Joseph Gilardoni and.
Xavier Gilardoni, Brothers, by an instrument in writing under our hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said,
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Emile Muller, and Joseph & Xavier
Gilardoni, Brothers, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and,
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The tile, the size of which may be varied at will, is one foot three inches.
& three quarters in length, and eight inches three quarters in breadth. Fig. 1,
in the accompanying Drawing, shews its upper face; Fig. 2, the under face.;
Figs. 3, 4, 5, & 6 represent the sections; Fig. 7 shews the tile in perspective,.
with one of its applications to the passage of a pipe which fits into the tile
without any preparation; Fig. 8 represents part of a roof covered, and shews
how the tiles are laid and levelled; Fig. 9 is a section of a roof, showing how
the tiles are fitted into each other. X, which Fig. 8 shews on the plane, and
Fig. 9 in the section, is a tile bearing the moveable frame for a skylight.
Y, in the section on Fig. 9, is a fixed glass tile. These tiles, with fixed or
moveable panes, may be of any size, as well as those made for pipes in Fig. 7.
The laying & levelling of the covering is effected by means of the shape of
the tile itself. When the tiles are placed upon one another, the hooks or
projections N Fig. 1, 2, 5, 6 are immediately beneath the projections M,
Fig. 1, 5, 6, as illustrated by Fig. 9. The lateral clamping is illustrated by
the section in Fig. 3. 0, 0, Fig. 2, are holdfasts, with holes to fasten the
covering to the wood-work by means of metallic wires. Neither the projections

page_text: or hooks nor the holdfasts are required, however, in ordinary 'roofs which are
not exposed to violent winds. The projections P, Fig. 3, 4, cover the joints
when the tiles are laterally fitted to one another. Q, Q, are the two noses
which hold the tile on the lath upon an inclined plane (Fig. 2, 3, 5, 6). "R, R,
Fig. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; are projections at the base of the noses that prevent the tiles
touching the lath, which is accordingly preserved by the admission of a current
of air. The thickness of the tile depends upon the material employed in its
manufacture; when it is made of common clay, its thickness is, after burning,
one-third of an inch. If executed as shewn by the accompanying Drawing or
Diagram, this tile is very strong, much lighter than any other, renders the roof
wholly waterproof, and allows a very low pitch.
The machine for the manufacture of these tiles consists either in a press put
in motion by a mechanical agency, and under which arrive in succession and
continuously the plates of clay to be moulded, or in two flattening cylinders
containing the moulds, and also producing continuously. The new principle
adopted to dispense with moulds in plaster consists, in either system, in heating
the moulds by steam or otherwise; the delivery from the moulds being then
effected immediately, whether the matter:to be moulded is clay or any other
material.
The furnaces consist of cubic chambers of nine feet on a side, vaulted in the
upper part, and provided beneath the sole with a hearth which runs the whole
depth. They are conterminous, and communicate with one another by openings
in the upper and lower parts of each side, which may be closed by means of
registers. The top of each furnace, moreover, communicates with a large
chimney. By these means the fire of one furnace descends in the second, and
ascends in the third, whence it passes into the chimney, so that the entire heat
is made use of, and the burning of the tiles continuous; the furnaces, generally
fourteen in number, being disposed around the great central chimney.
.
In witness whereof, we, the said Emile Muller and Joseph Gilardoni and
Xavier Gilardoni, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
EMILE MULLER.
(L.s.)
JOSEPH GILARDONI. (L.S.)
XAVIER GILARDONI. (L.S.)
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