IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TAPESTRY AND BRUSSELS CARPETS, UTRECHT VELVETS, PLUSH, SEAL SKIN AND OTHER PILE FABRICS, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bingham Alliott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1882. Communi-
cated to him from abroad by James Wade, of New York in the United States
of America
j
JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT of the firm of Manlove, Alliott Fryer & Co of the
town and county of the town of Nottingham Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING TAPESTRY AND BRUSSELS CARPETS, UTRECHT VELVETS, PLUSH,
SEAL SKIN AND OTHER PILE FABRICS, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES [Communicated to him from abroad by James
Wade, of New York in the United States of America]
"
The first part of the said invention relates to an improved wire motion, whereby
control is obtained over the pile wires from the point of withdrawing them out of
the fabric to the reinserting them into the open shed and wire' box.
Also to arranging the apparatus for withdrawing and' reinserting the pile wires
so that the action is applied on the centre line of the wire operated upon, thus
preventing any deflection of the wire.
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The more essential parts of the said improved wire motion are as follows: a
slide wire bar is employed having a recess or groove formed in it, this recess or
groove is so formed as to support and guide the head of the pile wire on its four
sides.
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Connected to the wire bar is an automatic spring plate or guard which in case of
accident prevents the pile' wire leaving" the recess or groove of the wire bar.
Working on the wire bar is a reciprocating slide, attached to which is a lock catch
and a key lever.
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The lock catch is for the purpose of laying hold of and operating the pile wires
and the key lever together with a fixed stop operating it is for the purpose of
releasing the lock catch when necessary from the head of the pile wire.
The second part of the said invention relates to an improved means of driving
looms by friction gearing.
The friction gear is arranged so as to be readily disengaged thus ensuring a
quicker and more certain action in the stopping of a loom when any accident takes
place and saving the time occupied in' transferring the belt from the fast to the
loose pulley.
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In connection with the disengaging gear is arranged a friction brake.
The third part of the said invention relates to the construction of a new and

page_text: Improved roller for taking up the fabric during the process of weaving; the
mechanical arrangement of this roller is applicable to other purposes than above
described. In performing and carrying out the first part of the said invention it is
most convenient to arrange and actuate the improved wire motion in the following
manner. A slide wire bar is employed on which travels a reciprocating slide 5
provided with a peculiarly constructed lock catch for withdrawing and reinserting
the pile wires as hereinafter explained; each of the pile wires which form the loops
in the fabric to be woven has fixed or soldered to it a metal head, in which head is
a slot. The slide wire bar is provided with a suitable guide surface for the
reciprocating slide to work on. It is also provided with a recess in which the 1
metal heads of the pile wires are supported and guided. That end of the slide
wire bar nearest the selvage of the cloth is provided with an automatic spring guide
plate or guard, which prevents the pile wire leaving the recess of the slide wire bar
until it has entered the open shed and wire box..
The guide plate is so arranged as to open when necessary for the passage of the 1
pile wire, and to close automatically; this automatic closing is effected by the action
of a spring.
It is convenient to support the slide wire bar by two vertical levers, attached at
their lower extremity to an oscillating bracket working in suitable bearings and
communicating the requisite traverse to the slide wire bar.
On this oscillating 2
bracket is fixed a lug, having a boss in which is secured a stud; working on this
stud is a vibrating arm, to which is attached a lever communicating motion to the
reciprocating slide by means of a connecting link. The loom is provided with the
ordinary driving crank and cam shafts.
Between the two main frames of the loom is arranged a counter shaft working 2
in bearings at right angles to the cam shaft, from which it is most convenient to
drive it. On one end of the said counter shaft is keyed a bevil wheel actuated by
a similar bevil wheel keyed on to the cam shaft.
.
On the other end of the counter shaft is keyed a cam or crank which imparts
motion to a lever and truck. The said.lever vibrating on a stud which is bolted g
to the breast beam of the loom; at the lower end of this lever is a stud upon which
is attached a connecting rod uniting with and operating the arm attached to the
before mentioned oscillating bracket, thereby conveying motion to the reciprocating
slide on the slide wire bar. By preference the slide wire bar is placed at a slight
angle and receives its traversing motion from a camn, which is keyed to the cam g
shaft of the loom. The said cam actuates a lever which is keyed on a shaft working
in bearings secured to a frame.
On this shaft are also keyed two upright levers connected to the levers
supporting the slide wire bar by suitable connecting links.
The pile wires are held in their proper position when in the fabric, by having 4
their metal heads supported in a wire box, which may conveniently be bolted to the
breast beam of the loom.
Also bolted to the breast beam of the loom is a bracket with an inclined surface,
this inclined surface is so arranged that the key lever connected with the lock catch
is forced against the incline by the reciprocating slide, so as to open the lock catch
and release the head of the pile wire held by it.
The lock-catch attached to the reciprocating slide may be conveniently formed
of a vertical spindle moving in suitable bearings, to which is attached a lever
provided with a projection or catch of a form suited to enter the slot in the
head of the pile wire, and in this position to draw back or push forward the 5
pile wire.
This catch is brought into position and held there by a spiral spring attached to
the vertical spindle. This spring forces the projection or lock catch into the head
of the pile wire and keeps the head of the pile wire pressed against the recess or
groove in the wire bar.
The key lever is also attached to the above spindle and on coming into contact
with and being stopped by the inclined surface bracket before mentioned causes the
E

page_text: spindle to partially rotate so as to withdraw the lock catch from the head of the.
pile wire which is then pushed home to its place in the open shed and wire box by
the reciprocating-slide.
The reciprocating slide finishes the insertion of the pile wire after its head has
been released from the lock catch by means of a pusher which works in the recess
of the wire bar.
After the pile wire is properly inserted it is left where it has been placed, and the
slide wire bar is made to traverse from the position occupied while inserting
the pile wire, opposite to the next pile wire to be withdrawn from the fabric;
during this traversing movement the key lever is so moved along the surface of the
before mentioned inclined bracket as to permit the lock catch to be gradually
brought back by its spring and to enter the slot in the head of the pile wire next
to be withdrawn.
When weaving with fine wires, it may be necessary to have an additional guide
for the pile wire when entering the open shed. In that case I construct a V shaped
or trumpet mouth guide, pivotted on a suitable bearing attached to the breast beam;
this V shaped guide projects in advance of the wire box.
The slide wire bar may be supported and vibrate from a pivot at its end farthest
from the selvage of the fabric, or it may be supported and move on a fulcrum at
its centre. In performing the second part of the said invention, the driving shaft
of the loom is actuated by means of a friction clutch, which by preference is made
as hereinafter described, though it will be understood that the precise form of this
clutch is not an essential part of the invention, provided such a form of friction
clutch be used as will act substantially in the way described.
Secured to the driving shaft of the loom is a conical friction clutch in two parts;
the internal part of this clutch is keyed on the driving shaft and the external part
when disconnected from the internal part runs loose on the driving shaft. The
external part is provided with a long boss having a recess in which is fitted a
suitable clip; the clip is attached to a forked lever supported from the frame of
the loom.
The starting lever of the loom is in its usual position and of such a length as to
be elastic so that the requisite pressure between the friction clutch is obtained by
its spring power, at its lower end it is secured by the starting shaft.
The starting shaft is placed in suitable bearings at right angles to the driving
shaft.
On the starting shaft and almost on a line with the centre of the driving shaft,
is secured a lever which is united to the forked lever before mentioned, by a
connecting rod; this connecting rod is made with a right and left handed screw
coupling for convenience in taking up the wear of the friction clutch and also
adjusting the pressure on the clutch from the spring of the starting lever, thus
motion imparted to the starting lever is instantly transmitted through the forked
lever to the external part of the conical friction clutch, causing the external part to
come into or out of contact with the internal part, thereby insuring the immediate
starting and stopping of the loom.
The starting lever works in a guide plate provided with a suitable recess for the
purpose of locking the lever when its spring power is applied to the friction clutch.
On the starting shaft is also secured a lever connected at its lower end by a spring
to the loom frame so as to disengage the clutch rapidly so soon as it is released from
the pressure exerted on it by the starting lever.
On the driving shaft of the loom is keyed a V shaped Break pulley, to the loom
frame is secured a stud which supports a break lever, this lever at one end carries
a V shaped break surface to engage and disengage with the V shaped break pulley
on the driving shaft, the power applied to the break being by preference that of a
spring attached to the break lever. The other end of the break lever is so con-
nected with the starting lever that the same motion of the starting lever which
disengages the friction clutch so that transmission of driving power ceases, also

page_text: applies a break to the driving shaft to prevent the continued running of the loom
from the momentum already acquired by its moving parts.
The third part of the said invention relates to constructing a new and improved
take up roller or metal cylinder made with bevil or dovetailed divisional projections,
between which projections slide strips of metal; these strips of metal have gill pins
or needle points fitted into them for the purpose of taking up the fabric; and these
strips of metal with the gill pins or needle points fitted into them being firmly
held between the bevelled or dovetailed projections of the roller it is impossible
for the metal slides containing the gill pins or the needle points to move out of
position.
The strips may have straight instead of bevilled edges and in that case be secured
into the recesses on the face of the cylinder by screws or any other convenient way,
or the strips may by themselves form a complete cylinder in sections fitted on to
suitable supports upon the roller shaft.
Into the strips, or sections of the cylinder above described the gill pins or needle
points are driven from the inner side while the strips are loose from the cylinder. ;
when the strips are put in place the inner end of the gill pins or needle points rest
upon the solid surface of the cylinder or roller supporting the strips.