IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR FILTERING, RECTIFYING, OR CLARIFYING LIQUIDS AND GASES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical
Draughtsman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF
AND APPARATUS FOR FILTERING, RECTIFYING, OR CLARIFYING LIQUIDS AND
GASES." A communication from abroad by Thomas Robertson
Sinclaire, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th January 1874.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR FILTERING, RECTIFYING, OR CLARIFYING LIQUIDS AND
GASES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new method or process for the filtration of

page_text: apparatuses.
Heretofore apparatuses or vessels for filtering liquids have been so
constructed that the liquid in seeking the outlet or outlets would cut
channels through the filtering material or between it and the walls of
the vessel through which to run unobstructedly to such outlet or outlets
without receiving the proper clarifying effect of the charcoal or other
filtering material contained in the vessel, thus rendering the whole
operation imperfect and unsatisfactory.
The above objection, among others, is obviated by the present
Invention, which consists in a new method or process for the fil-
tration or clarification of liquids and gases under pressure by conducting
or supplying the liquid or gas into a filtering chamber contained in an
air-tight or hermetically sealed vessel, and causing the same while
under pressure to pursue a centripetal course, or a course away from the
walls of the said chamber, and to enter a receiver located or extending
wholly or partially within the body of the filtering material contained
in the said filtering chamber, whereby the liquid or gas must percolate
the body of the charcoal or other filtering material contained in the said
chamber in order to enter such receiver, from whence it may be dis-
charged in any suitable manner or by any suitable means.
The Invention also consists in the combination of the following parts
to produce an improved filtering apparatus, to wit, an air-tight or her-
metically sealed vessel containing a filtering chamber (one or more) with
a perforated cover or partition for receiving and holding the filtering
material, an induction pipe or orifice (one or more) through which to
introduce or supply the liquid or gas to be filtered under pressure, and a
receiver (one or more) so constructed as to be a distinctive device (in
whole or in part) from said vessel, and arranged wholly or partially
within said filtering chamber or projecting therein, and being wholly or
partially perforated or permeable to permit the filtered, clarified, or
rectified liquid or gas passing within it.
The Invention further consists in the combination with a filtering
vessel or chamber (air-tight or otherwise) of one or more clevated
receivers sunported or suspended within said vessel or chamber, and con-

page_text: nected with a pipe through which to discharge the filtered, clarified, or
rectified contents of such receiver or receivers.
The Invention further consists in the combination with an air-tight or
hermetically sealed vessel containing a filtering chamber (one or more)
and a pipe or orifice (one or more) through which to introduce or supply
liquid or gas directly or indirectly to such filtering chamber, of a
receiver (one or more), the latter so constructed or so arranged with
respect to the bottom, top, and side walls of the said filtering chamber
that the perforated or permeable part or portion of such receiver shall
be so located or arranged with respect to the inner surfaces of such walls
as to practically prevent direct communication between the interior of
such receiver and any channels or grooves that may be formed between
the filtering material and any such surfaces of the said walls of the
said filtering chamber, whereby the liquid or gas is prevented passing
unobstructedly through such channels or grooves and out of the filtering
chamber into the receiver without being filtered, clarified, or rectified.
The air-tight or hermetically-sealed vessel containing the filtering
chamber and receiver is connected with a pipe or conductor leading
from a force pump or other apparatus or reservoir, whereby the liquid or
gas may be supplied directly or indirectly to the said filtering chamber
continuously under pressure.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 15th July 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors
give and grant unto me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, admi-

page_text: supplying the liquid or gas into a filtering chamber contained in an air-
tight or hermetically sealed vessel, and causing the same while under
pressure to pursue a centripetal course, or a course away from the walls
of the said chamber and to enter a receiver located or extending wholly
or partially within the body of the filtering material contained in the
said filtering chamber, whereby the liquid or gas must percolate the body
of the charcoal or other filtering material contained in the said chamber in
order to enter such receiver, from whence it may be discharged in any
suitable manner or by any suitable means.
The Invention also consists in the combination of the following parts
to produce an improved filtering apparatus, to wit, an air-tight or
hermetically scaled vessel containing a filtering chamber (one or more)
for receiving and holding the filtering material, an induction pipe
or orifice (one or more) through which to introduce or supply the
liquid or gas to be filtered under pressure, and a receiver (one or more)
so constructed as to be a distinctive device (in whole or in part) from
said vessel, and arranged wholly or partially within said filtering chamber
or projecting therein, and being wholly or partially perforated or per-
meable to permit the filtered, clarified, or rectified liquid or gas passing
within it.
The Invention further consists in the combination with a filtering
vessel or chamber (air-tight or otherwise) of onc or more clevated
receivers supported or suspended within said vessel or chamber and con-
nected with a pipe through which to dischargo the filtered, clarified, or
rectified contents of such receiver or receivers.
The Invention further consists in the combination with an air-tight or
hermetically scaled vessel containing a filtering chamber (one or more),
and a pipe or orifice (one or more) through which to introduce or supply
liquid or gas directly or indirectly to such filtering chamber, of a
receiver (one or more), the latter so constructed or so arranged with
respect to the bottom, top, and side walls of the said filtering chamber
that the perforated or permeable part or portion of such receiver shall be
so located or arranged with respect to the inner surfaces of such walls as
to practically prevent direct communication between the interior of such
receiver and any channels or grooves that may be formed between the
filtering material and any such surfaces of the said walls of the said

page_text: the same through the filtering material, say by connecting an air pump
to the pipe G.
5 It is also proper to remark that in clarifying water or other liquids
from reservoirs a forcing apparatus need not necessarily be employed, as
the force due to the head or weight of the liquid will be sufficient.
Of course more than one pipe G or one or more orifices in the vessel
through which to introduce the liquid or gas may be employed when
) desired.
H is a partition plate, which in the present instance is perforated and
extends across the upper part of the vessel A. This plate confines the
charcoal or other filtering material in such manner as to prevent its
being displaced.
A² (see Fig. 6) designates a filtering vessel which is not designed to be
air-tight. The said vessel contains a filtering chamber N, in which the
charcoal or other filtering material proper is to be placed, and the said
vessel may be provided with a plate H if desired.
The part or device which is termed the receiver is illustrated in the
) Drawing as constructed and arranged in various ways, and therefore the
several Figures will be referred to in numerical order.
In Fig. 1 this receiver is lettered I, and it is shown as being a hollow
perforated cone of metal or other suitable material connected directly or
indirectly to a discharge pipe K or orifice K¹. The said receiver is
arranged wholly within the filtering chamber N and elevated from its
bottom wall, but it may be located wholly or partially within said
chamber and in various positions therein. The receiver I is shown as
provided with a cover L of wire gauze and with a jacket M composed of
a textile fabric.
In Fig. 2 the receiving device, which is lettered T, is of spherical
form, and it is attached to a discharge pipe K", which may pass out at
the bottom, top, or any side wall of the filtering chamber N or vessel A,
....
1°
י.
71

page_text: In Fig. 3 the receiving device is lettered Q, and is of tubular form,
and it is shown as supported centrally within the filtering chamber N,
its discharge pipe passing out of or to an orifice at the side of the
vessel A.
In Fig. 4 the receiver is lettered R, and it is of hemispherical form,
and is shown as located at the bottom of the filtering chamber N and
projecting upwardly therein, but it may be arranged on one side or
elsewhere wholly or partially within the said chamber as desired.
In Fig. 5 the receiver is lettered S, and is of rectangular or box-like
form, and it is shown as located at the bottom of the filtering chamber N
and projecting upwardly therein, but it may be arranged clsewhere
wholly or partially therein if desired, and may be of any other suitable
shape or form.
In Fig. 6 a spherical receiver letter V is shewn as arranged in an
elevated position within an open filtering chamber or vessel.
In Fig. 7 a conical receiver lettered W is shewn as arranged partially
within the filtering chamber.
In Fig. 8 the receiver is lettered X, and in this case it is connected to
or is a part of a partition wall thrown across the lower part of the
vessel A, a perforated plate being arranged so as to extend across the
receiver at a point below its open top, therefore the liquid or gas to be
filtered must pass over the top of the inwardly extending walls of the
receiver, and hence an obstruction is presented to prevent direct com-
munication between any grooves or channels formed between the filtering
material proper and the inner surfaces of the walls of the filtering ?
chamber and the interior of the receiver. The upper portion of the
receiver may be filled with filtering or permeable material.
In Fig. 9 the receiver is lettered Y, and it possesses the same functions
as that shown in the preceding Figure, but in this case the receiver
extends below the vessel A, and a perforated plate is set across its interior a
at some suitable point below its open top for the same purpose as stated
with reference to the receiver X.
The receiver instead of being a perforated device may be a skeleton
frame or cage covered with or containing any suitable permeable material
which will permit the filtered or clarified liquid or gas to enter and pass a

page_text: through it and at the same time keep back and prevent the charcoal or
other filtering material contained in the filtering chamber from following
the said liquid or gas, and it is preferable that the receiver in some cases
be wholly and in other cases partially perforated or permeable, and it may
be constructed in various forms and be arranged in various places and
ways within or partially within an air-tight filtering chamber or vessel.
as aforesaid, and the same, or substantially the same, result will be
accomplished, and more than one receiver may be used in the samé
filtering chamber or vessel, and although the receiver is designed to be
in whole or in part a distinct device from the vessel or chamber, yet
it may be cast or made with such vessel or chamber if desired. And it
is proper here to remark that the various forms of receiver herein-above
referred to may be provided with a cover, or jacket, or lining, or filling
(any or all) composed of any suitable reticulated or permeable material
as expediency may suggest in view of the nature of the liquid or gas to
be filtered, clarified, or rectified.
A practical way of applying a cover and jacket is shown in Fig. 1 with:
respect to the receiver I.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of Improve-
ments in the Mode of and Apparatus for Filtering, Rectifying, or
Clarifying Liquids and Gases," as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent, and explained the manner of carrying the same into
effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited
Letters Patent I claim,-
First. The process for the filtration or clarification of liquids and gases
under pressure substantially as herein specified, that is to say, the con-
ducting or supplying of a liquid or gas into a filtering chamber contained
in an air-tight or hermetically sealed vessel, and causing the same while
under pressure to pursue a centripetal course or a course away from the.
walls of the said chamber and to enter a receiver located wholly or par-
tially within the body of the filtering material contained in the said
filtering chamber, whereby the liquid or gas must percolate the body of
the charcoal or other filtering material contained in the said chamber in
order to enter such receiver, from whence it may be discharged in any
suitable manner or by any suitable means.
Second. The combination of the following clements :—An air-tight or
hermetically sealed vessel containing a filtering chamber (one or more)

page_text: for receiving and holding the filtering material, an induction pipe or
orifice (one or more), through which to introduce or supply the liquid or
gas to be filtered under pressure, and a receiver (one or more) so con-
structed as to be a distinctive device (in whole or in part) from said vessel,
and arranged wholly or partially within said filtering chamber or pro-
jecting therein, and being wholly or partially perforated or permeable to
permit the filtered, clarified, or rectified liquid or gas passing within it,
the said parts being constructed and having a mode of operation substan-
tially as herein specified.
Third. The combination with a filtering vessel or chamber (air-tight or 1
otherwise) of one or more elevated receivers supported or suspended
within such vessel or chamber and connected with a discharge pipe,
substantially as and for the purposes herein specified.
Fourth. The combination with an air-tight or hermetically sealed vessel
containing a filtering chamber (one or more), of a receiver (one or more) 1
projecting inwardly from one or more of the walls of the said filtering
chamber, substantially as and for the purposes herein specified.
Fifth. The combination with an air tight or hermetically sealed vessel
containing a filtering chamber (one or more), and a pipe or orifice (one
or more) through which to introduce or supply a liquid or gas directly 2
or indirectly to such filtering chamber of a receiver (one or more), the
latter so constructed or so arranged with respect to the bottom, top, and
side walls of the said filtering chamber that the perforated or permeable
part or portion of such receiver shall be so located or arranged with
respect to the inner surfaces of such walls as to practically prevent 2
direct communication between the interior of such receiver and any
grooves or channels which may be formed between the filtering material
and any such surfaces of the said walls of the said filtering chamber,
substantially as and for the purposes herein specified.
Sixth. The combination with an air-tight or hermetically sealed vessel 3
containing a filtering chamber (one or more), and a receiver (one or
more), the latter elevated or supported wholly or partially within said
chamber or projecting inwardly from the wall or walls thereof substan-
tially as herein described, of a pipe or conductor (one or more) leading
from a force pump or other apparatus or reservoir, whereby the liquid or 3

page_text: gas may be supplied directly or indirectly to the said filtering chamber
continuously under pressure, substantially as herein specified.
Seventh. The combination of a partition or confining plate H with
an air-tight or hermetically sealed vessel and an clevated or projecting
receiver arranged wholly or partially within the said vessel, substantially
as and for the purposes herein shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have herc-
unto set my hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of July, in
tho year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.