IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORCING AND DISCHARGING WATER, AIR, AND OTHER FLUIDS AND GASES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Anderson, of Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORCING
AND DISCHARGING WATER, AIR, AND OTHER FLUIDS AND GASES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Anderson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1880.
ALEXANDER ANDERSON, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR FORCING AND DISCHARGING WATER, AIR, AND OTHER FLUIDS
AND GASES."
My Invention relates to apparatus which are constructed chiefly in a portable
form, and used to discharge water by means of compressed air.
I make the receptacle or chamber for the air and water of cylindrical, oval, or
other convenient shape approaching thereto. The chamber or receptacle has oval
or flat ends (or top and bottom), and the chamber with its top and bottom ends
may be constructed of iron, brass, or other inetal, or of the material known as
vulcanized fibre, or of vulcanito or such like material.
In the top or cover of the chamber I provide an opening or aperture, in which is
fitted a screwed socket piece of brass or other metal, into which can be screwed a
removable lid or cover, and such lid or cover be thereby held fast in position.
This opening or aperture is provided in the cover for the purpose of supplying the
chamber with the necessary quantity of water.
I fit the top end or cover of the chamber also with a relief or escape valve, for
the purpose of allowing the highly pressed air to escape when it is necessary to
recharge the vessel with water.
Apparatus of this kind are usually constructed with outer fittings for suction.
I dispense entirely with these, and I effect this end either by placing an ordinary
check valve within the air pump, or instead thereof a ball of glass, metal, or other
dense material working within a socket of rubber, metal, or other suitable
material.
.
I connect with the air pump a tube of brass or other metal. This tube leads
within or into the chamber, so as to introduce the air above the water. In all cases
the chamber is firstly charged with the quantity of water required.
In this way

page_text: the extra pressure of contending against the water is avoided, as is also the
possibility of the water leaking or escaping whilst the chamber is being pressed or
charged with air or gases. I fit the air pump rod or piston with a double cup
leather, which will prevent most effectually the escape of air whilst the pump is in
action.
_ In order to prevent the back pressure getting into the air pump, and thus forcing
the rod suddenly up to the danger or inconvenience of the operator, I propose
placing a ball of glass, metal, or other material over the mouth or upper end of the
tube by which the air is led into the chamber. This ball will be raised by the
admission of the air, and when the supply of air is stopped, will be held down on
its seat or cushion by the back pressure.
In both cases hereinbefore mentioned, where the glass or other balls are used,
their seats are suitably coned or formed to receive them, and guards are also
provided to prevent the dislodgment or escape of the balls.
In some cases, instead of these balls, I may for the same purpose use valves.
I purpose using with the apparatus a pressure indicator, so as to show-the
pressure exerted or existing therein; or I may use instead thereof spring gauges or
valves for the same purpose.
I provide the chamber with stay rods, one placed centrically with the same, and
extending from the bottom to or near to the top, with branch stays leading to the
sides of the chamber.
"
In all cases I make the discharge valve or tap in such a manner that there shall
be no bends or angles therein, and shall be easily and quickly removed and
replaced if required.
I prefer in all cases to enamel the interior of the chamber, for the purpose of
preventing corrosion or incrustation.
This apparatus, though designed and intended chiefly for forcing water by means
of compressed air in extinguishing fires, may, with or without some slight
modifications in construction, be applied for discharging other fluids, air, or gases.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Alexander Anderson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
31st December 1880.
ALEXANDER ANDERSON, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR FORCING AND DISCHARGING WATER, AIR, AND OTHER FLUIDS
AND GASES."
My Invention relates to apparatus which are constructed chiefly in a portable
form, and used to discharge water by means of compressed air.
I make the receptacle or chamber for the air and water of cylindrical, oval, or
other convenient shape approaching thereto. The chamber or receptacle has oval
or flat ends (or top and bottom), and the chamber with its top and bottom ends
may be constructed of iron, brass, or other metal, or of the material known as
vulcanized fibre, or of vulcanite or such like material.
On the top or cover of the chamber I provide an opening or aperture, in which is
fitted a screwed socket piece of brass or other metal, into which can be screwed a
removablo lid or cover, and such lid or cover be thereby held fast in position.
This opening or aperture is provided in the cover for the purpose of supplying the
chamber with the necessary quantity of water.
I fit the top end or cover of the chamber also with a relief valve or escape valve,
for the purpose of allowing the highly pressed air to escape when it is necessary to
recharge the vessel with water. Or I may so construct (as hereinafter explained)
the lid or cover of the socket piece as to answer that purpose.
Apparatus of this kind are usually constructed with outer fittings for suction. I
dispense entirely with these, and I effect this end either by placing an ordinary
check valve within the air pump, or instead thereof a ball of glass, metal, or other
dense material working within a socket of rubber, metal, or other suitable material.
I connect with the air pump a tube of brass or other metal. This tube leads
within or into the chamber so as to introduce the air above the water. In all cases
the chamber is firstly charged with the quantity of water required. In this way
the extra pressure of contending against the water is avoided, as is also the
possibility of the water leaking or escaping whilst the chamber is being pressed or
charged with air or gases.
I fit the air pump rod or piston with a double cup, leather, which will prevent
most effectually the escape of air whilst the pump is in action.
In order to prevent the back pressure getting into the air pump and thus forcing
the rod suddenly up to the danger or inconvenience of the operator, I purpose
placing a ball of glass, metal, or other dense material over the mouth or upper end
of the tube, by which the air is led into the chamber. This ball will be raised by
the admission of the air, and when the supply of air is stopped, will be held
down on its seat or cushion by the back pressure. In both cases hereinabove
mentioned where the glass or other balls are used, their seats are suitably coned
or formed to receive them, and guards are also provided to prevent the dislodgment
or escape of the balls. In some cases, where preferred, the ball to prevent back
pressure may be placed within the air pump.
In some cases, instead of these balls, I may for the same purposes use valves.
I purpose using with the apparatus a pressure indicator, so as to show the
pressure so as to show the pressure exerted or existing therein; or I may use
use instead thereof spring gauges or valves for the same purpose.
I provide the chamber with stay rods, one placed centrically within the same,
and extending from the bottom to or near to the top, with branch stays leading to
the sides of the chamber.
In all cases I make the discharge valve or tap in such manner that there. shall
be no bends or angles therein, and shall be easily and quickly removed, and
replaced when required.

page_text: I prefer in all cases to enamel the interior of the chamber for the purpose of
preventing corrosion or incrustation.
This apparatus, though designed and intended chiefly for forcing water by means
of compressed air in extinguishing fires, may, with or without some slight modifi-
cations in construction, be applied for discharging other fluids, air, or gases.
My Invention will be clearly understood by reference to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, in which Figure 1 is an elevation in section and Figure 2 an
outside view of an apparatus constructed according to my Invention.
The screwed socket piece in the top of chamber is marked a, a, the removable lid
or cover for screwing into or closing the chamber is marked b, and is shown
separately to an enlarged scale in Figure 3. This removable screwed lid b has
portions of the thread cut away so as to form passages, as shown at c, in order that
in unserewing the lid, these passages may act as a relief valve in gradually
allowing the highly pressed air to escape when necessary, and will prevent the
blowing off of the lid to the danger of the operator. The air pump is marked d.
It is provided with a valve f, as shown separately to an enlarged scale in Figure 4,
a ball g working or acting within a coned seat or socket h, as shown. The tube
extending from the air pump upwards within the chamber to above the water level
is marked i. As hereinbefore explained, the tube i is provided at its upper end
with a ball and socket arrangement, similar to that shown in Figure 4, and has a
guard to prevent the escape of the ball. jjj, are the internal stay rods herein-
before mentioned. The discharge valve and pipe are marked k.
When it is required to charge the apparatus, the screwed lid b is removed, and
the necessary quantity of the fluid to be used is admitted to the chamber; the lid b
is screwed in the socket piece a, and by working the air pump & the air is
introduced through the tube i into the upper part of chamber, until the requisite
pressure-is obtained. The pressure is indicated by a gauge on b (Figure 2). Tho
apparatus now properly charged may be transported from place to place, as may bo
required for use, and by attaching a flexible hose and nozzle piece to k, the stream
of Huid may be directed where and as required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, what I claim and
desire to secure by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,―
Firstly. The construction of such apparatus with screwed or removable lid or
cover, for the purpose of filling the chainber and facilitating access when necessary
to its interior.
Secondly. The peculiar construction of relief valve fitted by preference in the
cover.
Thirdly. The placing of the ball and socket or check valve within the air
pump.
Fourthly. The arrangement of internal tube to introduce the air above the
water.
Fifthly. The arrangement for preventing back pressure by the ball at top of
tube and coned seat therefor.
Sixthly. The strengthening internal stay rods, and
Lastly. The general arrangement of the apparatus combining within or upon one
vessel the features hereinabove described and claimed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Anderson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty second day of Decomber, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
מתמזגוAT
INDEDSON