IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WRINGING, CALENDERING, DRYING, AND MANGLING
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Calvert, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Tinner and Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR WRINGING, CALENDERING, DRYING, AND MANGLING."
Sooled the 25th June 1880 and dated the 29th December 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Calvert at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th December 1879,
WILLIAM CALVERT, of Leeds, in the County of York, Tinnor and Machinist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WRINGING, CALENDERING,
DRYING, AND MANGLING.”
My Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for and is
designed to facilitate the wringing, calendering, drying, and mangling of clothes,
woven fabrics, wool, flax, yarns, and other materials. The clothes or other articles
or substances to be operated upon are while in a wet state first passed through or
between a pair of rollers, suitably mounted, driven, and brought together in a usual
way, as by pressure spring or springs, or levers and weights, sufficient pressure
being applied to squeeze out the moisture from and prepare the clothes or other
articles for the calendering operation; from these wringing rollers the clothes or
other articles are passed to a pair of calendering rollers similarly mounted and
fitted for pressure, but made of metal and hollow and heated by steam, gas, or other
suitable medium.
On leaving these calendering rollers the clothes or other articles are delivered on
to an endless carriage or sheet (which may be constructed of metal or other suitable
material) which is caused to travel over or between drying apparatus consisting
either of steam pipes, steam boxes, or steam cylinders, or other suitably constructed
apparatus to ensure quick drying. On arriving at the delivery part of the said
endless carriage or sheet the clothes or other articles are received by rollers arranged
in a pair or pairs similarly mounted and furnished with pressure spring or springs
or levers and weights as the before-mentioned rollers. These I call calendering or
mangling rollers; they are designed to secure efficient drying, and to finish off the
articles under operation
The whole of the above named rollers and the endless carriage or sheet are
suitably driven by hand or power.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Calvert in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th June
1880.
WILLIAM CALVERT, of Leeds, in the County of York, Tinner and Machinist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WRINGING, CALENDERING,
DRYING, AND MANGLING."
My Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for and is
designed to perform more thoroughly and with greater facility the wringing,
calendering, drying, and mangling of clothes, woven fabrics, wool, flax, yarns, and
other materials.
The clothes or other articles or substances to be operated upon are while in a
wet state first passed through or between a pair of rollers suitably mounted, driven,
and brought together in a usual way, as by pressure spring or springs, or levers
and weights, sufficient pressure being applied to squeeze out the moisture from and
prepare the clothes or other articles or substances for the more efficient drying,
calendering, and mangling operations. In some cases I form slight undulations or
flutes on the rollers. From the first pair or wringing rollers the clothes or other
articles or substances are passed to a second pair of wringing or calendering rollers
(I will for distinction call them "additional rollers) similarly mounted and fitted
for pressure as the first pair of rollers. One or both rollers of the first pair and of
the "additional" 1ollers may be made of metal and hollow, and be heated by steam,
ras, or other suitable medium. On leaving the "additional" rollers the clothes or
other articles are delivered on to an endless carriage or sheet (which may be
constructed of metal or other suitable material) which is caused to travel over or
between drying apparatus, consisting either of steam pipes, steam boxes, steam
cylinders, or other suitably constructed apparatus to ensure quick drying. On
arriving at the delivery part of the said endless carriage or sheet the clothes or
other articles or substances are received by rollers arranged in a pair or pairs.
These rollers which are mounted and furnished with pressure spring or springs, or
levers and weights similarly to the "additional" rollers, may like them also be of
metal and hollow and heated, or one only of each or either pair of these rollers may
be of metal, hollow and heated or otherwise, while the other or others of the said
pair or pairs may be of compressed paper, metal, or other substance suitable for
imparting the required finish to the clothes or other articles or substances under
operation. In cases where the articles or substances operated upon are sufficiently
rigid to pass from the front to the back rollers without the help of the aforesaid
endless carriage or sheet, such endless carriage or sheet may be dispensed with.
Figure I of the Drawings is a side elevation of a machine or apparatus embodying
my invention; Fig. 2 is a plan, Fig. 3 is an end elevation, Fig. 4 is a sectional
plan of an upper heater box; Fig. 5 is a sectional plan of a lower heater box; in
both the latter Figs. are shewn the passages for the heating medium in order to
secure equality of heating surface; the heating medium may be either steam, gas,
or otherwise, as before mentioned. The machine is shewn as arranged for driving
by power, but may also be made for hand driving. A, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, is the
framework; B, the main driving pulleys; C, C, pulleys for driving the front rollers
through the gearing D, E, F ; G, G, ale pulleys driving the back rollers through
the gearing H, I, J, K, L, M, are the pairs of front rollers; N, O, the back
rollers, which may be increased in number as desired; the roller O is of
compressed paper by preference; P, Q, are the upper and lower heater boxes
which are supplied with the heating medium by the pipe R; S, S, are pipes |
conveying the heating medium to the hollow metallic rollers; T, Ú, are syphons
for conveying water (when steam is used) from the hollow metallic rollers; V is
a syphon for clearing the heater box Q; W, X, Figs. 1 and 2, are rollers for
1

page_text: carrying the endless carriage or sheet Y, for conveying the clothes or other articles
or substances from the front rollers J, K, L, M, and between the heater boxes P, Q,
to the back rollers N, O, and receiving motion through the gearing W1, W 2, and W 3;
Z is a conductor for the clothes or other articles or substances from the front rollers
to the endless carriage or sheet Y; W4 are long toothed connecting wheels for
the top and bottom, front and back rollers, as are generally used for such purpose;
Al is a table on which the clothes or other articles or substances are spread
previously to being passed to the front rollers; B1 is a similar table for the
reception of the same after having passed through the back rollers in a finished
state; C1 are the springs for giving pressure to the rollers by means of the
screws D1; Fig. 6 shews a modification of my Invention in which I use a
revolving hollow cylinder or cylinders of metal placed between the front and back
rollers in lieu of the beforementioned heater boxes shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 4, and 5.
The cylinder (or cylinders) acts or act or serves the two purposes of drying and
carrying the clothes or other articles or substances from the front to the back
rollers. Above the cylinder (or cylinders) I place a series of heater pipes or a
continuous heater box to assist in the drying process. When using more than one
cylinder an endless carriage or sheet G1 may be placed around the cylinders, and
be actuated by grooves or notches in one cylinder or by a pitch wheel or wheels
at one or both ends of such cylinder, as shown; El and F1 are (in the example
illustrated) the bollow metallic heated drying cylinders; G 1 is an endless carriage
or sheet; H2, pitch wheels for carrying the said endless carriage or sheet G1;
P1 are the heater pipes placed above the cylinders E1 and F1 to assist in the
drying process, or a heater box similar to that described and shewn in Figs. 1, 2,
and 4, and there marked P, may be used in lieu of the said pipes P1; C2 are
driving pulleys for giving motion to the whole of the rollers, cylinders, and endless
carriage or sheet G 1, through the gearing H 1, 1 1, J1, K1, L 1, M1, N 1,0 1,
and P 2, to wheels on the roller shafts. This modification of apparatus according
to my Invention may be arranged for hand driving.
Having described the nature of my Invention and explained in what manner
the same is to be or may be carried into practical effect, I desire to have it
understood that I do not confine myself to the exact details and configuration of
parts I have explained and shewn, as the same may obviously be modified without
in any way departing from the essential features of my Invention, but what I
consider to be novel and original, and claim as secured to me under the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1. The combinations and general arrangements of mechanism for wringing,
drying, calendering, and mangling clothes and other articles or substances,
substantially as herein described with reference to and illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3,
4, and 5, and in Fig. 6 respectively.
2. The use of heated hollow metallic rollers in conjunction with heated boxes,
substantially as and for the purposes herein before described.
3. The use or employment of an actuated endless carriage or sheet in conjunction
with drying apparatus and calendering rollers, substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described and illustrated.
4. The use or employment in conjunction with the roller or rollers N or their
equivalent of the upper pressure roller or rollers O, of compressed paper, substantially
as and for the purpose herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Calvert, have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twenty fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand sight hundred and eighty