Improvements in the Manufacture of Bungs, and Machinery or Apparatus for the Purpose.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Feb., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 9th Nov., 1894-Accepted, 22nd Dec., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Bungs, and Machinery or
Apparatus for the Purpose.
I, OTTO KEHL, of XVI Liebhardtsgasse 7 of Vienna, Austria, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of bungs and
machinery or apparatus for the purpose. According thereto the bungs are cut out
of a board whose thickness corresponds to the required length of the bung the cut
being perpendicular to the grain or fibres of the wood and the arrangement being
such that the chamfered larger end of the bung is cut out at one side of the board
and the said larger end planed flat, and then the conical part of the bung is cut
out from the opposite side of the board, whereupon the board is moved laterally
for more than the width of a bung so that a new bung can be cut out in the same
manner as the preceding bung.
A machine for making bungs according to my invention comprises two suitably
shaped rotating cutters, arranged respectively on either side of the board, and
which are alternately moved towards and away from the board, during which
operation one of the cutters cuts the larger end of the bung and the other cutter
cuts the conical part of the bung.
The board from which the bungs are cut is held in position between fluted rollers
and a plate and after a bung has been formed it is shifted laterally by the rotation
of the said fluted rollers by means of ratchet and pawl mechanism operated by
the machine, in such a manner that a part of the board that has not been
operated upon by the cutters is brought between the cutters in position to be cut
thereby.
In the accompanying drawing there is represented by way of example a double
bung cutting-machine according to this invention.
Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal elevation, and
Fig. 2 a plan of the machine, some parts in both figures being for the sake of
clearness, shewn in section.
Fig. 2 is a detail view hereinafter more fully referred to.
Fig. 3 shows an elevation of one end of the machine, and
Fig. 4 an elevation of the other end.
Figs. 5 to 8 represent arrangements of chucks or cutter holders (hereinafter
called chucks) for holding the cutters in position.
Figs. 9 to 15 illustrate various forms of cutters, and Fig. 16 shews a finished
bung.
The machine comprises two single bung-machines connected together and
operating in such a manner that when one of them is forming the chamfered
larger end 1 of a bung the other is cutting out the conical part 2 of a second
bung. It is sufficient to describe only a single bung-machine in a detailed manner
as the parts of the two machines are similar.
The bungs are cut by two alternately working, rotating cutters a and b, which
are capable of being easily placed in the chucks c.
The chucks c are secured on horizontal rotary shafts d, each of which is mounted
in a support 1) or D¹.
.

page_text: Ine two supports are shifted simultaneously and in the same direction along the
bed A of the machine and alternately approach the board g in such a manner that
the cutters a and b operate in the necessary alternate manner.
The shifting of the supports D D₁ is effected in a similar manner to that of a
lathe by means of a spindle e which receives its motion from a belt-pulley shaft f
through the toothed wheels e¹ and e².
Between the two supports D and D¹ there is arranged the means for holding
the board g from which the bungs are cut, in such a manner that its plane is
perpendicular to the direction of the rotary shaft d.
The arrangement consists of a double pedestal h fastened to the bed A, between
the side-parts of which a slide H is capable of being shifted horizontally, and in
the direction of the rotary shaft d, along dove-tailed guides h¹.
The slide H carries two vertical fluted or otherwise suitably surfaced
rollers h² h² arranged at its two sides, which hold the board fast between them and
a plate or support 3 which is secured to the pedestal h and is provided with an
aperture 3*.
The pressure of the fluted rollers against the support h³ is produced by means
of a weighted lever which engages, by means of a pin h³ in an oblique slot in
the slide H so that the said slide and consequently the rollers h² are pressed towards
the support 3. The movement of the weighted lever in the direction a produces
the backward motion of the slide H and the taking off of the rollers, so that a
completely used board can be removed and a fresh one inserted.
The board clamped between the rollers 2 and the support h³ must be shifted in
a horizontal direction as soon as a bung has been cut out in a finished condition
and before the cutter a has reached the board. This periodical shifting is
effected by the rotation of the rollers 2 by means of the arrangement that will
now be described.
The lower axes 8 of the rollers ² are extended downwards and each of them
carries on its end a toothed wheel h. These two toothed wheels gear with a
common toothed wheel 10 fixed on the underside of the pedestal h, so that they
both rotate in the same direction.
One of the toothed wheels h gears with a toothed wheel h" which is connected
with a ratchet wheel 2. The ratchet lever 14 which carries the pawl 13 of this
ratchet-wheel is connected by a joint with an arm h¹ provided with a longitudinal
slot In. this longitudinal slot there is rigidly guided the projection d³ of a
rod d³ which is oscillated by means of the support D₁, which is common to the two
single bung-machines. This is effected by means of a two-armed lever d*, connected
by a joint at d* with the support D¹.
The lever d' is provided with two longitudinal slots d and do. The joint d' of
the rod d³ is secured in the longitudinal slot do, whilst through the second slot dⓇ
there passes a pin d fastened to the machine-bed, about which the lever d¹ is
turned when the support D' is shifted. The operation of the machine from the
time at which one of the cutters a has already picked out the facet is as follows:
(see the left hand machine).
The two supports D, D' are moving towards the left, so that the cutter a is
receding from the board whilst the cutter b is approaching the board.
By the shifting of the support D' the lever d' is turned in the direction of the
arrow B, and the rod d³ is shifted longitudinally. During this motion the
projection d moves in the longitudinal slot 1 of the arm 15, without moving
the latter, until this projection has reached the end of the slot 16. At this
moment the ratchet lever h¹ is displaced and the pawl 13 slides over the teeth of
the ratchet-wheel 12, without moving the said ratchet-wheel; (compare the position
of the parts with those in the right-hand single machine).
When the support D₁ changes its direction of motion, the projection d' is first
shifted in the slot 16 without setting the ratchet-mechanism in motion. At this
time the cutter & has been moved so far back that it has entirely passed out of
the board. At this moment the projection d² begins to move the arm h¹, whereby

page_text: the ratchet-mechanism is set into operation and the rollers are rotated in
such a manner that they shift the board g. A part of the board that is intact
consequently comes between the cutters a and b, whereupon the cutter a commences
to make a fresh bung.
As will be seen on reference to Fig. 2, the connection of the arm 15 and
the rod d³ can be displaced along the slots in the ratchet-lever hand the
lever respectively, whereby the amount of the effective stroke of the pawl
and consequently the amount of the shifting of the board can be regulated. When
the whole breadth of the board has been used at a certain height it is shifted
vertically. This is effected by hand by rotating the crank l, the screw-spindle "
of which shifts vertically the rest m for the board, which rest is guided along the
support.
Advantageously vertically displaceable blocks are arranged on both sides of the
machine in order to so support the board to be operated on that it cannot tilt on
great lateral displacement.
The change in the direction of motion of the supports D and D¹ can conveniently
be effected by means of the middle support D'.
For this purpose the said support is provided with two adjustable projections k
and (see Fig. 24), which effect the displacement of a catch k². This catch is
connected with one end of a lever k³ which is secured, so as to be capable of
rotation, on the underside of the bed and of which the other end is connected by
a joint with a suitably bent rod ko that carries the belt-forks k* and k³.
On the shifting of the support D' one or other of the catches k and k¹ comes
into operation, whereby the shifting of the open or the crossed belt from the loose-
pulleys or s¹ to the driving pulley s² is effected.
As a considerable expenditure of energy is required in order to effect the
shifting of the two belts simultaneously, the support might not be able to effect
this shifting alone. A weighted lever n is, therefore, provided on the support D
of the second single bung-machine, which, by means of the projections o and o'
fastened to the said support is brought from its inclined position for the time being
past its middle position, so that it can descend to the other side; in this case the
pin n' of the weighted lever which engages in a fork k of the rod ko, assists the
shifting of the rod k that is caused by the projections k, kl.
The catches and k¹ are adjustable along a groove n² of the support D₁ in order
to be able to effect the belt-shifting at the proper time, which depends on the
thickness of the board employed.
The selection of the cutters for cutting the bungs depends on the material from
which the bungs are to be cut.
For cutting the face 1 the cutter a, which is represented to a larger scale in
Figs. 11 and 12, is employed. The cutting-edges 3 and 4 are correspondingly
inclined. This cutter a can also serve for the purpose of planing off the flat
surface of the bung bounded by 'the chamfered edge, in which case two edges or
cutting-edges 5 and 6 are provided, as shewn in Fig. 12.
If the bungs are cut out of hard wood, the cutters represented in Figs. 9 and 10
can be employed for cutting out the conical part 2 of the bung. The cutter b
shown in Fig. 9 is provided with two cutting-edges 7 and 8 which are inclined
correspondingly to the conicity of the bung; the cutter shown in Fig. 10 has only
one such edge (7).
If the bungs are cut out of soft material, then more cutting-edges, or more
cutters, must be employed. The form of these cutters 61, which are made of steel,
is shown in Figs. 13 to 15. To all these cutters 6' there is common the inclined
cutting edge 7 for cutting out the conical part 2 of the bung.
The chuck c for fastening the cutters in position must be arranged in such a
manner that the cutters can be easily exchanged or adjusted.
The chuck c represented in Figs. 5 to 7 is provided with a groove c¹, which
widens out towards the interior, and in which two jaws c² and c³ are inserted so as
to be capable of adjustment. The two jaws can be shifted as desired by means

page_text: of the two screws c and c³ so that cutters of any desired size can be fastened
between them.
If more cutters are to be employed, a chuck is employed which is provided with
correspondingly more grooves.
In Fig. 8 there is represented a chuck with 3 grooves c¹, so that 3 cutters can
be fastened therein.
If two grooves c' which pass through the chuck, are arranged perpendicularly
to each other in the chuck, 4 cutters can be fastened therein.
Dated this 9th day of February 1894.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Bungs, and Machinery or
Apparatus for the Purpose.
I, OTTO KEHL, of XVI Liebhardtsgasse 7, Vienna, Austria, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of bungs and machinery
or apparatus for the purpose.
According thereto bungs are cut out of a board whose thickness corresponds to
the required length of the bung the cut being perpendicular to the grain or fibres
of the wood and the arrangement being such that the chamfered larger end of the
bung is cut out at one side of the board and the said larger end planed flat, and the
conical part of the bung is cut out from the opposite side of the board, whereupon
the board is moved laterally to a greater extent than the width of a bung so that a
new bung can be cut out in the same manner as the preceding one.
A machine for making bungs according to my invention comprises two suitably
shaped rotating cutters, arranged respectively on either side of the board and
which are alternately moved towards and away from the board, during which
operation one of the cutters cuts the larger end of the bung and the other cutter
cuts the conical part of the bung.
The board from which the bungs are cut is held in position between fluted rollers
and a plate and after a bung has been formed, is shifted laterally by the rotation
of the said fluted rollers which is effected by means of ratchet and pawl mechanism
operated by the machine, in such a manner that a part of the board that has not
been operated upon by the cutters is brought between the cutters in position to be
cut thereby.
In the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification there is represented a
double bung cutting-machine according to this invention.
Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal elevation, and
Fig. 2 a plan of the machine, some parts in both figures being for the sake of
clearness, shewn in section.
Fig. 24 is a detail view hereinafter more fully referred to.
Fig. 3 shows an elevation of one end of the machine, and
Fig. 4 an elevation of the other end.
Figs. 5 to 8 represent arrangement of chucks or cutter holders (hereinafter called
chucks) for holding the cutters in position.
Figs. 9 to 15 illustrate various forms of cutters, and
Fig. 16 shews a finished bung.

page_text: The machine illustrated comprises two single bung-machines connected together
and operating in such a manner that when one of them is forming the chamfered
larger end 1 of a bung the other is cutting out the conical part 2 of a second bung.
It is sufficient to describe only a single bung-machine in a detailed manner, as the
parts of the two machines are similar.
The bungs are cut by two alternately working, rotating cutters a and b, which are
capable of being readily placed in the chucks c. These chucks are secured on
horizontal rotary shafts d each of which is mounted in a support D or D¹.
The two supports are shifted simultaneously and in the same direction along the
bed A of the machine and alternately approach the board g in such a manner that
the cutters a and b operate in the necessary alternate manner. The shifting of the
supports D D is effected in a similar manner to that of a lathe by means of a
spindle e which receives its motion from a belt-pulley shaft f throngh the toothed
wheels e&e. Between the two supports D & D¹ there are arranged the means
for holding the board g from which the bungs are cut, in such a manner that its
plane is perpendicular to the direction of the rotary shaft d.
The arrangement consists of a double pedestal hh fastened to the bed A, between
the side parts of which a slide H is capable of being shifted horizontally, and in the
direction of the rotary shaft d along dove-tailed guides h'.
The slide H carries two vertical fluted or otherwise suitably surfaced rollers h² h²
arranged at its two sides, which hold the board fast between them and a plate
or support 3 which is secured to the pedestal hand is provided with an
aperture h³*.
The pressure of the fluted rollers against the support h³ is produced by means of
a weighted lever * which engages, by means of a pin in an oblique slot in the.
slide H, so that the said slide and consequently the rollers 2 are pressed towards
the support h³. The movement of the weighted lever in the direction of the arrow a
causes the backward motion of the slide H and the withdrawal of the rollers, so
that a completely used board can be removed and a fresh one inserted.
The board clamped between the rollers h² and the support h³ is shifted in a
horizontal direction as soon as a bung has been cut out in a finished condition and
before the cutter a, has reached the board. This periodical shifting is effected by
the rotation of the rollers h² by means of the arrangement that will now be
described.
The lower axes 8 of the rollers 2 are extended downwards and each of them
carries on its end a toothed wheel h. These two toothed wheels gear with a
common toothed wheel h¹ fixed on the underside of the pedestal h, so that they both
rotate in the same direction. One of the toothed wheels ° gears with a toothed
wheel which is connected with a ratchet wheel 12. The ratchet lever h¹ which
carries the pawl 13 of this ratchet wheel is connected by a joint with an arm h¹
provided with a longitudinal slot 1 in which there is rigidly guided the projection d³
of a rod d³ which is oscillated by means of the central support D' which is common
to the two single bung-machines. This is effected by means of a two-armed lever d*
connected by a joint at d* with the support D¹.
The lever d' is provided with two longitudinal slots d³ and do. The joint d' of
the rod d³ is secured in the slot do, whilst through the second slot d there passes a
pin fastened to the machine-bed about which the lever d' is turned when the
support D' is shifted. The operation of the machine from the time at which one
of the cutters a has completed the cutting of the larger chamfered end of a bung is
as follows: (see the left-hand machine).
The two supports D, D' are moving towards the left, so that the cutter a is
receding from the board whilst the cutter bis approaching the board.
By the shifting of the support D¹ the lever d' is turned in the direction of the
arrow B, and the rod d³ is shifted dongitudinally. During this motion the pro-
jection d² moves in the longitudinal slot 1 of the arm his, without moving the
latter, until this projection has reached the end of the slot 16. The ratchet lever h¹4

page_text: ว
is then displaced and the pawl 13 slides over the teeth of the ratchet-wheel
without moving the said ratchet-wheel; (compare the position of parts with the
position of those in the right-hand machine). When the support D' changes its
direction of motion, the projection d is first shifted in the slot without setting
the ratchet-mechanism in motion. During this time the cutter 6 will have been
moved so far back that it has entirely passed out of the board. At this moment
the projection d begins to move the arm 1, whereby the ratchet-mechanism is set
into operation and the rollers h² are rotated thereby shifting the board g. A part of
the board that is intact consequently comes between the cutters a and b, whereupon
the cutter a commences to make a fresh bung.
As will be seen on reference to Fig. 2, the arm h¹ and rod d³ can be moved along
the slot in the ratchet-lever and lever d respectively, whereby the amount of
the effective stroke of the pawl and consequently the extent of the shifting move-
ment of the board can be regulated. When the whole breadth of the board has
been used at a certain height it is shifted vertically. This is effected by hand by
rotating the crank 1, the screw-spindle of which raises a block m on which the
board rests, and which block is guided along the support 3. Advantageously
supporting blocks m are arranged on both sides of the machine in order to so
support the board to be operated on that it will not tilt even when it has been
moved laterally to a considerable extent.
The change in the direction of motion of the supports D and D¹ can conveniently
be effected by means of the middle support D'.
For this purpose the said support is provided with two adjustable projections k
and (see Fig. 24), which effect the displacement of a catch that is connected
with one end of a lever 3 which is secured, so as to be capable of rotation, on the
underside of the bed and of which the other end is connected by a joint with a
suitably bent rod that carries the belt-forks k* and k³.
On the shifting of the support D' one or other of the catches k¹ comes into
operation, whereby the shifting of the open or the crossed belt from the loose-
pulleys or to the driving pulley s² is effected.
As considerable power is required to effect the shifting of the two belts
simultaneously, the support D¹ might not be able to effect this shifting alone.
A weighted lever n is, therefore, provided on the support D of the second single
bung-machine, which, by means of projections o and o¹ on the said support,
brought from its inclined position for the time being past its middle position, into
its other inclined position, whereby, through the pin n' of the weighted lever which
engages in a fork k of the rod ko, the shifting of the rod 4 that is caused by the
projections k, k¹ is assisted.
The catches and k' are adjustable along a groove n² of the support D¹ in order
to be able to effect the belt shifting at the proper time, which depends on the
thickness of the board employed.
The selection of the cutters for cutting the bungs depends on the material from
which the bungs are to be cut.
For cutting the face 1 of the bung the cutter a, which is represented to a larger
scale in Figs. 11 and 12, is employed. The cutting-edges 3 and 4 are corre-
spondingly inclined. This cutter a can also serve for the purpose of planing off
the flat surface of the bung bounded by the chamfered edge, in which case two edges
or cutting-edges 5 and 6 are provided, as shewn in Fig. 12. If the bungs are cut
out of hard wood, the cutters represented in Figs. 9 and 10 can be employed for
cutting out the conical part 2 of the bung. The cutter 6 shown in Fig. 9 is
provided with two cutting-edges 7 and 8 which are inclined correspondingly to the
conicity of the bung; the cutter shown in Fig. 10 has only one such edge 7.
If the bungs are cut out of soft material, then more cutting edges, or more
cutters, must be employed. The form of these cutters b', which are made of steel,
is shown in Figs. 13 to 15. To all these cutters 6' there is common the inclined
cutting-edge 7 for cutting out the conical part 2 of the bung.

page_text: The chuck & for fastening the cutters in position must be arranged in such a
manner that the cutters can be easily exchanged or adjusted
The chuck c represented in Figs. 5 to 7 is provided with a groove c', which
widens out towards the interior, and in which two jaws c² and c are inserted so as
to be capable of adjustment. The two jaws can be shifted as desired by means of
the two screws c* and so that cutters of any desired size can be fastened between
them.
If more cutters are to be employed, a chuck is employed which is provided with
correspondingly more grooves. In Fig. 8 there is represented a chuck with
3 grooves c', so that 3 cutters can be fastened therein.
If two grooves c', which pass through the chuck, are arranged perpendicularly to
each other in the chuck, 4 cutters can be fastened therein.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The manufacture of bungs in the manner hereinbefore described, viz. by
cutting them out of board of a thickness, corresponding to the length of the bungs,
and perpendicularly to the fibres or grain of said board, in such a manner that
first, on one side of the board, the edge of the larger end of the bung being made
is chamfered, then the surface of such larger end is planed or smoothed, and
afterwards at the opposite side of the board the conical part of the bung is formed
and the board is then automatically shifted in such a manner that a fresh bung can
be cut out in the same manner as the preceding bung.
2. A machine for making bungs such as referred to provided with two rotating
cutters a and b (or b¹) arranged on opposite sides of the board from which the
bungs are being cut, and alternately moved towards and from the board in which
one cutter a forms the larger end 1 of the bung (Fig. 16) and then the second
cutter 6 (or 6¹) forms the conical part 2 of the bung, substantially as described.
3. In a bung cutting machine such as referred to in Claim 2, the arrangement
for holding the board to be operated on, consisting of two vertical fluted rollers h³, h
mounted, so as to be capable of rotation, on a horizontally movable slide H, the
arrangement being such that the said rollers are by a weighted lever h* pressed
towards a stationary plate h³ between which and the rollers the board is held
substantially as described.
4. In a bung cutting machine of the kind referred to in Claims 2 and 3, an
arrangement for automatically advancing the board after a bung has been formed
comprising ratchet-mechanism 12 h, which is operated in such a manner by
one of the supports D or D₁ that carry the cutters by means of lever and
rods d³, d, h, that it sets the fluted rollers into rotation before the cutter a that
forms the larger end 1 has reached the board, whereby the board is moved laterally
to the required extent.
5. In a bung cutting machine of the kind specified, cutters a and b or b¹ serving
for cutting out the bung, the first of which forms the chamfer at the larger end of
the bung and smooths or planes the flat surface surrounded thereby and for this
purpose is provided with two cutting edges 3 and 4 correspondingly inclined to the
required chamfer and with two cutting edges 5 and 6 that effect the planing of the
said surface, whilst the second cutter 6 or 1 is provided with one or two edges 7 or
inclined correspondingly to the conicity of the bung substantially as described.
6. In a machine of the kind referred to a chuck c for holding the cutters a and b
in position for use, provided with one or more slots c' into which the jaws c² c³ that
hold the cutter are inserted so as to be capable of being adjusted by means of
screws substantially as described.
7. The combination of two bung cutting machines constructed as described in
snch a manner that one support D₁ is common to both machines and that whilst
one of the machines is forming the chamfered larger end 1 of one bung, the other
is forming the conical part 2 of another bung substantially as described.

page_text: 8. The improved bung forming machine constructed arranged and operating
substantially as shown in and described with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 9th day of November 1894.
Аррисань,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.