Improvements in Mills for Grinding and Crushing Grain and other Materials.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 14th June, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 11th Mar., 1890-Accepted, 12th Apr., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Mills for Grinding and Crushing Grain and other
Materials.
I SAMUEL BRASSINGTON BAMFORD of the firm of Henry Bamford and Sons of
Leighton Iron Works Uttoxeter in the County of Stafford Agricultural Engineers
do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of the arrangements or combinations of parts hereinafter
described of mills for grinding and crushing grain and other materials.
The essence of my invention consists first in arranging or combining two or more
pairs of grinding plates one over the other in the same mill by the action of which a
gradual or progressive grinding of the grain or material is effected the material
ground in the first or upper pair of plates heing conveyed to the next pair of plates
below and by them further operated upon and so on through the whole series. My
invention consists further in combining with a mill having two or more pairs of
grinding plates arranged as before described a pair of crushing rollers for kibbling or
crushing grain or other material.
In the grinding mill described and represented in the specification of Letters Patent
granted to me dated the 8th day of January 1886 No. 324 and the feeding apparatus
for the same described and represented in the specification of Letters Patent granted
to me dated the 7th day of July 1886 No. 8861 one pair of grinding plates or discs is
used by which the whole of the grinding is effected. In arranging the parts of a
compound mill according to my present invention I use two or more pairs of grinding
plates arranged one pair under another pair or pairs so that the grain or material is
first operated upon by the top pair of plates next by the pair of plates beneath the
first pair and so on in succession through the whole series of pairs until the grain or
material is ground sufficiently fine. Two pairs of grinding plates or more than two
pairs may be arranged in the same mill. I prefer to make each pair of grinding
plates of a diameter somewhat greater than that of the pair of plates immediately
above it.
The hopper shaker trough and feeding arrangement ordinarily used for supplying a
single pair of grinding plates may be used with the compound grinding mill described
but the feeding arrangement may if necessary be modified to suit the compound mill.
A sieve or dresser may be fixed between the upper and lower pairs of grinding plates
so that if required the wheat or material may pass through it before being operated
upon in the pair of discs or plates below.
In combination with the mill I use preferably a pair of rollers for kibbling grain or
crushing other material the said pair of rollers being arranged at the bottom of the
mill that is on the same level as the lowest pair of grinding plates.
The said pair of kibbling or crushing rollers is arranged underneath the feeding
trough of the mill the grain from the said trough falling onto an inclined hopper plate
and from thence between the rollers the said hopper plate being raised in the middle
or having such a configuration that the grain or material falling upon it is spread out
in descending and is thus distributed the full length of the rollers.
The feeding or shaking trough is so arranged that it can be used for supplying
grain or material to the grinding plates or to the rollers separately or the said trough
may supply the said grinding plates and rollers simultaneously with grain or
inaterial.
Each roller is provided with a scraper for clearing it and the rollers are
provided with coiled springs sufficiently strong to withstand the material being
crushed and also with lighter springs to separate the rollers when the regulating
screws of the first described springs are slackened. The main shaft of the mill on

page_text: which the lower rotating grinding plate is mounted is also the main shaft of the
crushing roller which has no retiring motion the other or movable roller having
a slido block at each end of its shaft. Each slide block has a rod on one end of
which is one of the strong coiled springs before referred to and a screw with a
hand wheel at the opposite end for the purpose of adjusting the distance between
the rollers. The lighter springs referred to are fixed against the opposite side of
each slide block for the purpose of pushing the movable roller back or away from
the fixed roller when the hand wheel is unscrewed.
For the purpose of driving the mill I fix on each of the grinding disc shafts a spur
wheel to gear with the one above or below it. I also fix a pulley preferably on the
lowest shaft for driving that shaft and through the toothed gearing the other shafts
and grinding discs above it.
Dated this 14th day of June 1980
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Mills for Grinding and Crushing Grain and other
Materials.
I SAMUEL BRASSINGTON BAMFORD of the firm of Henry Bamford and Sons of
Leighton Iron Works, Uttoxeter in the County of Stafford Agricultural Engineers
do hereby declare the nature of my Invention and the manner in which the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention consists of the arrangements or combinations of parts hereinafter
described of mills for grinding and crushing grain and other materials.
The essence of my invention consists First in arranging or combining two or more
pair of grinding plates one over the other in the same mill by the action of which a
gradual or progressive grinding of the grain or material is effected the material
ground in the first or upper pair of plates being conveyed to the next pair of plates
below and by them further operated upon and so on through the whole series. My
invention consists further in combining with a mill having a pair of grinding plates,
or two or more pairs of grinding plates arranged as before described, a pair of
crushing rollers for kibbling or crushing grain or other material.
In the grinding mill described and represented in the specification of Letters
Patent granted to me dated the 8th day of January 1886 No. 324 and the feeding
apparatus for the same described and represented in the specification of Letters
patent granted to me dated the 7th day of July 1886 No. 8861 one pair of
grinding plates or discs is used by which the whole of the grinding is effected.
In arranging the parts of a compound mill according to my present invention I
use two or more pairs of grinding plates arranged one pair under another pair or
pairs so that the grain or material is first operated upon by the top pair of plates;
next by the pair of plates beneath the first pair and so on in succession through
the whole series of pairs until the grain or material is ground sufficiently fine. Two
pairs of grinding plates or more than two pairs may be arranged in the same
mill. I prefer to make each pair of grinding plates of a diameter somewhat greater
than that of the pair of plates immediately above it.
The hopper, shaker trough and feeding arrangement ordinarily used for supplying
a single pair of grinding plates may be used with the compound grinding mill
described but the feeding arrangement may if necessary be modified to suit the
compound mill. A sieve or dresser may be fixed between the upper and lower pairs
of grinding plates so that if required the wheat or material may pass through it
before being operated upon in the pair of discs or plates below.
In combining with a compound mill a pair of rollers for kibbling grain or
crushing other material the said pair of rollers are preferably arranged at the
bottom of the mill; that is on the same level as the lowest pair of grinding plates.

page_text: The said pair of kibbling or crushing rollers is arranged underneath the feeding
trough of the mill, the grain from the said trough falling onto an inclined hopper
plate and from thence between the rollers, the said hopper plate being raised in the
middle or having such a configuration that the grain or material falling upon it is
spread out in descending and is thus distributed the full length of the rollers. The
feeding or shaking trough is so arranged that it can be used for supplying grain
or material to the grinding plates or to the rollers separately or the said trough may
supply the said grinding plates and rollers simultaneously with grain or material.
Each roller is provided with a scraper for cleaning it and the rollers are provided
with coiled springs sufficiently strong to with-stand the material being crushed and
also with lighter springs to separate the rollers when the regulating screws of the
first described springs are slackened. The main shaft of the mill on which the lower
rotating grinding plate is mounted is also the main shaft of the crushing roller which
has no retiring motion the other or movable roller having a slide block at each end of
its shaft. Each slide block has a rod on one end of which is one of the strong
coiled springs before referred to and a screw with a winch or hand wheel at the
opposite end for the purpose of adjusting the distance between the rollers.
lighter springs referred to are fixed against the opposite side of each slide block for
the purpose of pushing the movable roller back or away from the fixed roller when
the winch or hand wheel is unscrewed.
The
For the purpose of driving the compound mill I fix on each of the grinding
disc shafts a spur wheel to gear with the one above or below it. I also fix a pulley
preferably on the lowest shaft for driving that shaft and through the toothed gearing
the other shafts and grinding discs above it.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings
the manner in which my invention is to be performed.
com-
Figure 1 represents in side elevation; and Figure 2 in front elevation a
pound mill provided with two pairs of grinding plates, one pair above another pair,
according to my invention; Figure 3 represents a cross section of the mill exhibiting
the toothed gearing by which the shafts of the movable grinding plates of the two
pairs of plates are geared together.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
a is the top case of the mill in which one pair of the grinding plates (a fixed plate
and a movable plate) is contained and b is a second case under the top case a in
which bottom case b another pair of grinding plates is contained. The grinding
plates in the lower case bare preferably of a somewhat greater diameter than the
grinding plates in the top case a. The pairs of grinding plates in the cases a and b
are preferably constructed in the manner described in the specification of Letters
patent granted to me dated the 8th day of January 1886 No. 324 but I do not limit
myself to the use of grinding plates of that construction.
The movable or rotating grinding plate in the case a is mounted on the rotating
shaft c and the movable or rotating grinding plate in the case 6 is mounted on the
lower parallel shaft d which constitutes the driving shaft of the mill and is provided
with a fly wheel e and driving pulley f. The upper shaft c is driven from the lower
driving shaft d by means of the spur wheels 9, h and ; that is to say, on the
lower shaft d is a spur wheel g which gears with the intermediate spur wheel
turning in bearings in the framing of the mill and the said intermediate spur
wheel gears with the spur wheel i on the top shaft c. By means of the
gearing g, h, the two shafts c, d and consequently the movable grinding plates
rotate in the same direction.
k is the hopper in which the material to be ground is placed and is the
feeding or shaking trough down which the material travels and is delivered into
the spout m from whence it passes to the top pair of grinding plates in the case a in
the ordinary way. The material operated upon by the grinding plates in the case a
is delivered therefrom by the spout n and is received in the spout p by which it is
conducted to the larger pair of grinding plates in the bottom case b from which case

page_text: it is delivered by the spout q. By this means a gradual or progressive grinding of
the material is effected the material ground between the top pair of plates being
further reduced by the operation upon it of the lower pair of plates.
In place of the shaker trough a pair of feed or kibbling rollers above the top
pair of grinding plates in the case a may be employed for crushing the material
before it passes between the said pair of top grinding plates.
A sieve or dresser may be interposed between the upper and lower pairs of
grinding plates for screening or dressing the ground material from the first pair
before it is conveyed to the second pair of plates.
More than two pairs of grinding plates may be arranged one over the other in the
same mill instead of two pairs as represented in the drawing, the ground material
from the top pair passing in succession through the whole series of plates until the
grain or material is ground sufficiently fine. When more than two pairs of grinding
plates are used an intermediate spur wheel is placed between the shafts of the upper
and lower pairs of grinding plates of the series, that is, if a third pair of plates
were used in the mill represented the spur wheel on the shaft of the third pair
would not gear directly with the spur wheel g of the bottom shaft d but with
an intermediate spur wheel gearing with the said spur wheel g.
Although I prefer to gear together the shafts of the movable plates of the
several pairs of grinding plates so that the said movable plates rotate in the same
direction yet the intermediate spur wheels described and represented may be omitted
and the shafts of the movable plates of the upper and lower pairs of grinding plates
of the series be geared directly together so that the said movable plates rotate in
opposite directions.
A pair of crushing or kibbling rollers of the kind hereinafter described may be
combined with the compound mill as hereinafter described.
Figure 4 represents in side elevation; Figure 5 in plan and Figure 6 in end
elevation a grinding mill provided with one pair of grinding plates with which mill
is combined a pair of crushing rollers according to my invention for kibbling or
crushing grain or other material; Figure 7 represents in plan the feeding or shaking
trough of the mill detached; Figure 8 represents in end elevation partly in cross
section the crushing rollers and parts connected with them drawn to a larger scale
and Figure 9 represents a portion of the same.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
and 9.
The pair of grinding plates is contained in the case m the rotating grinding plate
being driven by the shaft n which forms the driving shaft of the combined grinding
and crushing or kibbling mill; p, q are the kibbling or crushing rollers situated
beneath the feeding or shaking trough the kibbling or crushing roller q of the
pair being fixed on the driving shaft n which drives the rotating grinding plate of
the mill. The two crushing rollers 9 are geared together by the toothed
pinions p³, 93, the pinion ² being fixed on the driving shaft and the other
pinion on the shaft of the second crushing roller p.
The grain or material to be ground or operated upon can either be supplied from
the hopper to the pair of grinding plates in the case m or supplied to the pair
of crushing rollers p, 9 as desired. For this purpose a feeding slot 1 (see Figure 7)
is made in the shaking trough which slot can be covered or uncovered by means
of the jointed plate or slide. When the plate or slide is situated in the middle
line of the trough the slot is closed and the material from the hopper k falling
into the trough passes to the pair of grinding plates in the case m. When the
plate or slide is turned aside as indicated in Figure 7 so as to uncover the slot
the material passing down the trough falls through the slot and between the
crushing rollers p, q. The feeding trough when the slide is open may be used.
for supplying the pair of grinding plates in the case m and the pair of crushing
rollers p, q simultaneously with grain or material.
A guiding and distributing plate marked in Figure 6 with a convex or dome

page_text: shaped surface may be used in connection with the slot in the trough 1 for spreading
out the grain or material being fed to the crushing rollers p, q so as to distribute
the grain or material the full length of the rollers.
In order to enable the distance, between the acting surfaces of the crushing
rollers p, q to be readily and accurately adjusted the bearings or blocks of one of
the said rollers and parts connected with them are constructed in the following
manner. The bearings qª q in which the roller q turns are fixed but the bearings or
blocks r, in which the shaft of the other roller p turns are capable of sliding in
the frame of the mill so as to adjust the distance of the said roller p from the other
or non-sliding roller q. The shape of the slide blocks r, r of the roller p is best seen
in Figures 8 and 9. The said slide blocks r, r have ribs or feathers on their
underside which work in corresponding slots in the fixed framing of the mill. Each
slide block is provided with a rods screwed at its outer end the said rod passing
through the slide block r and also through the fixed block 9 of the non-sliding
roller 9.
On the inner ends of the rods ss strong coiled springs t, t are placed each of the
said springs taking a bearing at one end against the head of the rods and the other
end of the spring bearing against the fixed block q³.
The said springs. t t when the rods s, s are fixed-in-their places as hereinafter
described are sufficiently strong to withstand the material being crushed, the said
springs tending to press the acting surfaces of the rollers together. On the
rods 8, s and situated between the fixed and sliding blocks 73 and are lighter
coiled springs u u which lighter coiled springs tend to separate the rollers p, q when
the fixing parts are relaxed.
In order to adjust the distance between the acting surfaces of the rollers p, qa
regulating winch x having an internally screwed boss or head is used with each of
the rods the screwed bosses or heads of the winches a screwing upon the screwed
ends of the rods and bearing against the slide blocks r, r. By screwing the
regulating winches x, x in one direction on their screws the slide blocks r, r, ucted
upon by the said winches, press the roller p nearer to the non-sliding roller 9 the
light springs u, u being thereby compressed. When the regulating winches
are turned in the opposite direction so as to slacken them on the screwed ends of
the rods & the lighter springs u, u bearing against the slide blocks rr separate the
rollers p, as will be understood by an examination of Figure 8 Should any hard
substance be accidentally fed to the rollers pq the springs tt yield and permit of
the separation of the rollers and the passage between them of the hard substance
referred to without injury to the mill.
In order to prevent the surfaces of the kibbling rollers p, q coming into contact,
screws y, bearing against stops y², y' on the fixed bearings of the roller g are
employed. By the use of the said screws and stops pressure on the bearings of the
rollers is prevented or diminished.
When the pair of crushing rollers represented in Figures 4, 5 and 6 are used
with a compound mill of the kind represented in Figures 1, 2 and 3 the said pair
of rollers is arranged (preferably) at the bottom of the mill and on the same level
as the lowest pair of grinding plates, one of the crushing rollers being situated on
the shaft which drives the rotating grinding plate of the bottom pair and the toothed
gearing by which the several pairs of grinding plates are geared together is
situated outside the frame of the mill instead of at the middle of the mill as represented
in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as my
invention of :-
6
:-
Improvements in mills for grinding and crushing grain and other materials"
First: The combination in a mill for grinding grain and other materials of two
or more pairs of grinding plates arranged at different levels, the several rotating
grinding plates of the series of pairs of plates being geared together and acting

page_text: substantially as herein before described and illustrated with reference to Figures 1,
2 and 3 of the accompanying Drawings, whereby the grain or material is first
operated upon by the top pair of plates; next by the pair of plates beneath the first
pair and so on in succession through the whole series of pairs of plates as described
and illustrated.
Secondly-The combination with a mill for grinding grain and other material
having one two or more pairs of grinding plates of a pair of crushing rollers for
kibbling or crushing grain or other material, the said pair of crushing rollers being
combined with the mill and acting substantially as herein before described and
illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6 of the accompanying Drawings; also the addition
to or combination with the said mill of an inclined convex or dome shaped guiding
and distributing plate for spreading out the grain or material fed to the crushing
rollers as herein before described and illustrated in Figure 6 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Dind this toth
1 1000
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.