IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR BREAKING STONES, BONES, AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac James, of Cheltenham, in the County of
Gloucester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR BREAKING STONES, BONES, AND OTHER HARD
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 1st January 1870, and dated the 3rd July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac James at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd July 1869.
I, ISAAC JAMES, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR BREAKING STONES, BONES, AND OTHER
HARD SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a continuous action machine for crushing
or breaking stones, bones, and other hard substances, and consists in the
employment for that purpose of two fluted or grooved rollers of white
cast metal, steel, or other hard and durable metal, the grooves running
longitudinally and being either straight, or slightly inclined, or
helicoidal. In the latter case the rollers should be so arranged as that

page_text: the grooves in the one roller cross those in the opposite roller. A
suitable shaft is passed thro' such rollers, the axles of which are in
the same horizontal plane, or nearly so, and are each driven by separate
driving gear and fly wheels worked either by hand or by power. These
rollers are situate at the bottom of a convenient feeding hopper, and their
bearings or brasses are made reversible and with the openings for the
reception of the journals a little out of the centre, so that by reversing
the position of the bearings one, or other, or both the rollers the
distance or space between their acting surfaces may be varied to suit
the particular size of fragments required. In some cases two pairs of
rollers may be used, one pair being situate above the other pair. The
top pair should have coarse teeth or grooves made therein and be set
wider apart, and the lower pair should have finer teeth or grooves and
be set nearer together, so that large substances may be first broken by
the upper rolls, the broken fragments dropping thence between the
lower rolls to be still further crushed or reduced.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Isaac James in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ISAAC
JAMES, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself; Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Isaac James, Her special licence that I, the said Isaac James,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Isaac James, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR BREAKING
STONES, BONES, AND OTHER HARD'SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Isaac James, my executors or administrators, by

page_text: an instrument in writing under
or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isaac James, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This Invention relates to crushing or breaking bones, stones, or
other hard substances, and consists of improvements in machinery to
be employed therefor.
In carrying out the said Invention I construct and use or apply a
machine or machinery in which the motion is rotary and continuous.
In a suitable frame I mount and gear two or more hard metal rollers
having having straight or helical fluted surfaces. These rollers are placed
opposite to each other, so that the edges of the flutes (teeth, notches,
or grooves) in one roller cross or intersect those on the opposite roller,
and cut, break, or crush the bones or other substances passing
through the space between the said rollers. A suitable shaft is passed
through each roller and turned by separate driving gear and fly
wheels worked either by hand or other power. The bearings or brasses
of the roller shafts are made reversible for adjusting the distance
or space between the cutting or crushing surfaces of the said rollers.
In some cases the grooves or flutes on one roller may be straight
and inclined on the other (or both may be straight) and one or two
pairs of such rollers may be used in one machine, one pair being
mounted above the other pair; in this case the teeth or grooves in
the upper pair are made coarser than those in the lower pair. A suitable
hopper is provided over the rollers for containing the substances to
be crushed or broken.
The accompanying Drawing shows the general form and construction
of the said improved machinery.
EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWING.
Fig. 1 is an end elevation, and Fig. 2 a side elevation of a machine
to be worked by hand or other power, and is what I ḍenominate a single

page_text: or one pair" machine. The mode of forming the rollers is shown
at Figs. 3 and 4, the latter illustrations being drawn to an enlarged
scale. This machine is adapted for crushing bones and other matter
of moderate dimensions and hardness and to be worked by manual
or other power.
The following reference applies to each Fig. where the index letter
appears.
a is a strong frame of timber bolted together, or it may be made of
metal; b, b, are two transverse shafts mounted in bearings at opposite
ends of the frame; upon these shafts are keyed fast the pinions c, and c',
and fly wheels d and d¹, the latter being fitted with handles for turning
them. The pinions c and c¹ are in gear with the toothed wheels e
and e', the latter being made fast upon the shafts f and f', which carry
the crushing rollers g and g', which rotate towards each other when the
wheels d and d¹ are turned in the directions respectively shown by the
arrows at Fig. 2. h is a hopper open at the bottom and fitted directly
over the rollers; in this hopper the bones or other substances to be
crushed are placed, the peripheries of these rollers being toothed,
notched, or cut, as shown at Figs. 3 and 4, the substances placed in the
hopper and resting or falling between the said rollers is thereby drawn
and forced throug the space (adjustable, as herein-after explained)
between them and crushed or broken into fragments, and by then
falling into or upon an inclined screen the coarse particles are
separated from the fine, the latter falling through at and the former
being deposited at in heaps. i and are wing boxes for keeping
the "debris" from falling or getting into the gearing. For adjusting
the space between the rollers their shafts are mounted in reversing
brasses, as shown at Fig. 8. In this position the space shewn by the
solid lines (between the rollers) is, say, half an inch. By reversing the
position of the right-hand brasses the space will be increased to one
inch, by reversing the left-hand brasses instead of the right the space
will be increased to one and a half inches, and by reversing both sets of
brasses the distance will be increased to two inches in the clear. By the
adoption of this plan the space between any pair of rollers thus fitted
may be increased or diminished as required.
"
Figs. 5 and 6 show respectively a side and end elevation of a machine
constructed upon the same principle, which I denominate a "two pair
machine, and which is designed for being driven by steam or other power,

page_text: and is intended to crush bones and other substances to fine fragments
at one operation. The naked mechanism of this machine is shown at
Fig. 7.
a is the frame; b, the hopper; c, c', two upper and coarse toothed
rollers, and d, d', two lower and fine toothed rollers; e is a cylindrical
screen, into and through which the crushed material falls. The mesh
of the upper portion of this screen is finer than that of the lower portion
(this screen may be made to rotate when required by a pulley and band
or other suitable mechanism), the crushed particles or fragments passing
through it are separated into very fine, fine, and coarse, and deposited
respectively as shown at e', e², and e³. The rolls or rollers are fitted
with solid bearings (or reversing brasses, as herein-after described.
The mode of gearing and working this machine is as follows, viz. :-
Power is applied to the wheels or pulleys fand f¹ keyed fast upon the
shafts g and g'; h and h' are pinions, also made fast upon these shafts
respectively. The pinion h gears with the wheel i fixed to the shaft of
the upper roller c; upon this shaft is also fixed the toothed wheel j,
which gears with a similar wheel k fixed to the shaft of the roller d', so
that upon turning the wheel motion is thereby given at the same
time to the upper roller c and lower roller d'. Upon turning the
opposite wheel f¹ motion is thereby transmitted through the wheels
,,, and k¹ to the upper roller c¹ and lower roller d, and thus the
whole of the mechanism is moved simultaneously.
Without restricting myself to the precise details and dimensions shewn
upon the Drawings I claim, the machinery or machines constructed and
actuated as (and for the purposes) herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac James, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
ISAAC JAMES. (L.S.)