matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN THE CASE OF HORSES RUNNING AWAY, AND FOR CONNECTING HORSES TO CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND IN DISCONNECTING THEM THEREFROM
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd May 1880.
ROBERT JONES, of Ruabon, in the County of Denbigh.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
APPERTAINING TO APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN THE CASE
OF HORSES RUNNING AWAY, AND FOR CONNECTING HORSES TO CARRIAGES AND
OTHER VEHICLES, AND IN DISCONNECTING THEM THEREFROM."
This Invention relates to apparatus specially applicable for the immediato
disengagement of horses from vehicles when alarmed and unmanagable.
In single horse vehicles I attach the shafts and traces by means of pins capable
of being immediately and simultaneously withdrawn from their sockets. This can
be effected in numerous ways, the plan I at present prefer being to make the pin
an adjunct or part of an arm of a bell crank lever held in place by a spring; one
spring can do for the bell crank levers of both shafts if desirable. The other arm of
each of the bell crank levers is connected by chain, jointed rods, or other mechanism
to a lever or handle in convenient position near the driver, so that by raising,
pulling, or depressing the same, the bell crank levers are drawn back, the pins
withdrawn, and the shafts liberated. A strap over the horses back keeps the shafts
from dragging on the ground. In a two horse vehicle similar bell crank levers can
be used for the traces, and also for the pins for the pole straps hereafter described,
or all the pins can project from a shaft rotating on bearings above, which shaft can
be locked in position by a pin passing through it and a stationary plate or shaft
below. By withdrawing the main pin by means of levers, screw, or their equivalent,
the shaft is left free, and rotating under the pull of the traces the whole of the straps
are simultaneously disengaged.
I usually arrange for each strap to be capable of being loosed independently
by withdrawing the pin upward, yet all be unloosed together when requisite.
The pole straps are two straps run along the top of the pole from withdrawable
pins through two rings at the end of the pole. These straps are provided with rings
at their ends, to which the collar straps or chains are attached. When an accident
occurs the lever is pulled, all the pins are withdrawn or loosened, & the traces and
pole straps fly off.
When four horses are employed, the leaders instead of being fastened to a pole
are attached to a stout pole strap running through eyes on the pole from one of the
withdrawable pins, in the same nanner as the collar straps.

page_text: Although only pins are here mentioned, spring catches, or their mechanical
equivalents well known to the trade, can be substituted, and in place of fastening
the straps direct to the pins or catches, they can be fastened to hooks linked to the
pins.
Another modification can, if desired, be introduced by attaching all the pins
to one or more sliding bars; by drawing back these bars the straps are released.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SPRINGS FOR MATTRESSES, SOFAS, CHAIRS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Carey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1880.
HENRY CAREY, of the Infirmary (Newington), Saint Saviour's Union, West-
moreland Road, Newington, in the County of Surrey, Upholsterer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SPRINGS FOR MATTRESSES, SOFAS, CHAIRS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
My improvements relate to that class of spiral springs which are used by
upholsterers to give elasticity to mattresses, and to the cushions of sofas, chairs,
and other similar articles, such as the stuffing of railway and other carriages,
backing, seatings, &c.
Whereas it has hitherto been the practice to attach such spiral springs by
stitching or tying to the webbing, or metallic and other laths employed as webbing,
and material employed to cover such cushions, in order that the springs may be
properly retained in position, I now propose to dispense with the necessity of
this stitching or tying, and to retain the springs firmly in position in a more
simple and effective manner.
The mode I employ is to affix to or form upon each outer ring of the spring four
shallow loops of sufficient width to allow of the passage of the webbing or lath.
The loops are placed equidistantly, and so as to allow of the two strips crossing
over the perpendicular axis of the spring. In this manner the spring is prevented
from shifting along either strip of webbing or lath by the hold of the strip crossing
it. This action taking place at both ends of the spring holds it in a firm and
secure manner.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SWEEPING FLOORS AND CARPETS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Ellis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th June 1880.
GEORGE HENRY ELLIS, of Moorgate Station Buildings, 21, Finsbury Pavement,
London, Mechanical Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SWEEPING
FLOORS AND CARPETS."
My new or improved apparatus is intended to sweep floors and carpets without
scattering dust upon surrounding objects, and is constructed as follows:-I
provide a kind of oblong shaped flat case or box, open at the bottom, made to run
upon rollers, and within this I form a circular recess. Into this recess I dispose
horizontally a series of arms, upon which I fix sweepers formed of pieces of leather
or other suitable material, one side being cut into fringes. These arms are
preferably four in number, and are made to revolve upon a central axis with tho
fringed points of the sweepers acting upon, or close to, the surface of the floor or
carpet. I make these sweepers portable, and also adjustable in a vertical direction.
In same cases I provide two sets of sweepers for the machine, one being for carpets
as described, and the other made of bristles or felt, suitable for sweeping plain floors.
I provide an aperture in the rim of the circular recess, and immediately behind it I
dispose a portable pan (and loose cover), into which the products of sweeping aro
cast by the centrifugal action of the sweepers. The modo in which I actuate the
sweepers is as follows:-I provide a pulley at the top of their vertical axis and
attach it by means of a cord and bearing pulleys to one of the rollers which runs
upon the floor.
When the apparatus is drawn along the floor or carpet, the
revolution of tliis roller causes the necessary rotating movement to be given to the
sweepers. I provide a suitable handle attached to the apparatus for drawing it
over the floor or carpet. In place of working the apparatus automatically, it may be
made to work with the hand of the operator by means of a handle, driving pulley,
and cord.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPILES, VENT PLUGS, OR VALVES OF CASKS FOR BEER OR OTHER LIQUORS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Douglas Scott and John Mackay
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1880.
DOUGLAS SCOTT and JOHN MACKAY, both of the City and County of Edinburgh,.
North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPILES, VENT PLUGS, OR VALVES OF CASKS
FOR BEER OR OTHER LIQUORS."
This Invention relates to a new or improved construction of vent plug, valve, or
"ventiduct," to be used as a substitute for the wooden vent spiles or spills
commonly fitted into casks or barrels containing beer and other liquids, and
removed therefrom to admit air and prevent the forming of a vacuum inside when
drawing the liquor.
The improvements are mainly designed to render the action of the vent plug
automatic, and thereby avoid the risk of causing turpidity by raising the sediment
which usually occurs when the liquor is run off without previously removing the
old vent 'spiles.
The improved vent plug or "ventiduet " under one modification consists of a small
tube made of brass or other metal slightly tapered, and screwed externally and
formed with lateral arms or projections at the end, for convenience of inserting and
screwing into the cask. Small radial holes are made in the part of the tube outside
the cask, and also in the part which enters through it for the passage of air
through the tube. A small conical valve is fitted in this air way to bear upwards
against a seat formed by the metal of the tube, and this valve is held closed by the
action of a small spiral spring, either fixed above and held in tension, or fitted
beneath the valve in compression. The power of the spring is so slight that when
liquor is drawn from the cask, the outer air presses down the valve and enters
through the air way of the tube into the cask, to equalise the pressure within and
without; but internal pressure arising from fermentation of the liquor tends to
keep the valve closed.
In a modified form of the improved vent plug or "ventiduct," the closing valve
is fitted at the end of an inner tube, screwed into the outer one, and is held closed
by a light spiral spring under tension inside the inner tube. Air holes are formed
in the outer end of the smaller tube, and the air enters past the valve down into
and through the outer tube into the cask. By fitting the valve and spring in this
inner tube, the advantage is obtained that these can be taken out and cleaned or
repaired if necessary without unscrewing the tube from the cask.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLERS FOR WINDOW BLINDS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Carlyle, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
ROLLERS FOR WINDOW BLINDS AND OTHER PURPOSES."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letter's Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Carlyle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1880.
"IMPROVEMENTS
ROBERT CARLYLE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLERS FOR WINDOW BLINDS AND OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention is designed principally to afford facility for attaching window
blinds to the rollers on which they are to bo wound instead of fastening them
thereon by means of tacks, or by sewing them on to tapes nailed to the rollers, the
object being to save time and ensure accuracy of attachment, and to prevent the
damage frequently occasioned by the ordinary method of fixing.
The Invention is also equally applicable to rollers for maps and other similar
purposes.
In one side of the roller a narrow longitudinal opening or slit is made from
one end to the other of a sufficient width only externally to allow the blind to pass
through freely.
The inner edge of this slit communicates with a longitudinal tubular chamber or
bore of a larger diameter than the width of the slit. Or instead of making the
roller of wood as described the body of the roller may be made of a strip of metal
bent into the forin of a tube, but with its ends left slightly asunder so as to leave
a longitudinal slit or opening from end to end.
The upper end of the blind is made with a narrow hem, and in this hem a wire
is placed. One end of this roller is made removable, and the wire in the hem of
the blind being passed end wise into the tubular chamber whilst the blind passes
out through the slit the end of the blind is held firmly, at the same time that it is
easily removable.
The movable end of the blind being attached (by screwing or otherwise) prevents
the wire from coming out endwise.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MAKING CIGARETTES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edwin Cherry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September 1880.
CHARLES EDWIN CHERRY, of 3, Warren Street, Pentonville, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MAKING CIGARETTES."
The object of my Invention is to provide a cheap and simple apparatus to enable
smokers to make their own cigarettes with neatness and facility.
My improved apparatus consists of a horizontal flat plate made of metal or other
suitable inaterial from half an inch to an inch in width or thereabouts, the two ends
of which plato are bent up vertically at right angles therewith. The distance
between these two ends is made to accord with the length of the cigarette. These
two ends are perforated with slots to act as guides to a roller or rollers.
I arrange the rollers in several ways, viz., first, I make vertical slots in the
two ends and place therein one roller, such roller being a small cylinder of wood or
other suitable material. The two ends of the roller pass through the slots, one
end longer than the other, to form a handle to be turned by the thumb and finger.
One edge of a rectangular piece of thin stiffened paper or other suitable material
(herein after called the "coil") is glued round the roller or otherwise attached.
This coil is about three or four inches long according to requirements, and of the
width of the space between the two vertical ends of the plate. By turning the
roller the coil can be rolled up or coiled upon it.
In order to make a cigaretto the coil is unwound and a portion thereof is laid on
the plate so as to form a loop or pocket. A cigarette skin or wrap (being a piece
of thin paper large enough to form the cylinder of the cigarette and sometimes
gummed along one edge) is placed in the fold of the loop and a suitable quantity
of tobacco is placed therein. The roller is then turned with one hand while the
materials are held in position with the other, until the materials are held in the
coil. The turning of the roller is continued until the cigarette rolls out complete.
The second forin of the apparatus requires a broader plate than the first, and
has the slots cut horizontally, and two pieces of wire are used as rollers with handles
formed at opposite ends thereof. In this arrangement one edge or end of the coil
is glued to one roller, and the other end of the coil is glued to the other roller, and
both rollers are used in making the cigarette.
The third form of the apparatus has also horizontal slots cut in the upright ends,
but one roller only is required, as in the first mentioned form, with the coil similarly

page_text: attached thereto. This construction has a piece of wire fitted from end to end
on one side and a little above the plate to act as a brake and guide to the coil
while being rolled up.
It is obvious that the several arrangements above specified can be varied without
departing from the general principle or essential features of my Invention, by 5
arranging the slots, rollers, and guides in various ways, so as to effect the same
object.
AN IMPROVED COAL CUTTING MACHINE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonard Short at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1880.
LEONARD SHORT, of Backworth, in the County of Northumberland, Engineer.
"AN IMPROVED COAL CUTTING MACHINE."
My Invention relates to a machine for facilitating the cutting of coal in seams by
hand power.
For the process of undercutting the coal (technically called "curving "), I propose
to use a machine or apparatus consisting of a cast iron frame or bed plate, carrying
in suitable bearings between its sides a grooved roller, the height of which from
the ground can be varied to suit the work to be done. In any one of the grooves
of this roller a heavy iron ram is supported, having at one end a socket to receive
the cutting tool, which is secured therein by a key, and at the opposite end of the
ram is a handle for the miner to hold it by.
For the process of side cutting the coal vertically (technically called nicking) I
use a pillar, consisting of a tube having within it another tube, which pillar may
be lengthened to suit the height of seam by loose pieces inserted at its lower
end, and has in its upper end an ordinary screw with a sharp point to set up and
fix into the roof of the seam, the lower end either fixing into holes provided for
the purpose in the bed plate above described, or into a footstep with points to
hold in the floor of the seam. This pillar carries upon it a frame, which, by a clip
and hand screw, can be fixed at any required height, and this frame carries on a
short shaft a roller upon which the ram before described rests.
In undercutting, the frame or bed-plate is placed at a suitable distance from the
"face" of the coal, and the miner places the ram in one of the grooves and com-
mences cutting by drawing it back and forcing the cutting tool into the coal, the
roller supporting its weight. The ram is shifted from one groove to another as the
work proceeds horizontally, and the frame or bed-plate is moved nearer to the
"face" as the coal is cut into.
In side cutting vertically, the pillar is fixed to the roof and floor, as described, in
a suitable position for the cut, and the same operation is performed, the ram running
upon the roller which is fixed at the required height upon the pillar, which is
moved up to the "face" of the coal as the work proceeds, the roller being raised
or lowered upon the pillar to suit the requirements of the miner in cutting the
vertical groove or nick.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING, STOVING, AGEING, OR STEAMING YARN OR THREAD
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Paterson Miller at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1880.
THOMAS PATERSON MILLER, of tho Cambuslang Dyoworks, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING, STOVING,
AGEING, OR STEAMING YARN OR THREAD."
This Invention has for its object the drying, stoving, ageing, or steaming of yarn
or thread in a superior manner, by means of improved apparatus occupying
comparatively small space, and operating equally, effectively, expeditiously, and
without strain.
In carrying out the Invention according to one modification a rectangular
chamber is employed, and is divided by horizontal partitions which have openings
alternately at opposite ends. At each partition, or, it may be, constituting each
partition, there is an endless cloth or lattico distended on rollers and driven so that
the upper side moves in each caso towards the end at which the opening is situated.
The yarn or thread in hanks, or skeins, or other convenient loose form, is placed
loosely on the uppermost endless cloth, and is carried along to the opening at the
end, where it drops on the next lower or second endless cloth. The second endless
cloth carries the yarn or thread back to the other end of the chamber, whero it
drops on the third endless cloth, and it is carried from end to end of the chamber
by cach lower endless cloth in succession, until it is finally discharged by the
lowest one. When tho yarns have to be dried or stoved, air heated (by preference)
by passing through steam-heated tubes is made to pass through the chamber by
means of a fan or blower, being admitted at the bottom and proceeding through
the chamber in a direction the. reverse of that of the movement of the yarn or
thread. For ageing or steaming, air and steam or steam alone is passed through
the chamber instead of heated air.
Instead of carrying and moving the yarn or thread along by endless cloths
an improved system of rails may be employed. These rails are longitudinal and
in two sets, the individuals of the sets alternating with each other. In one
modification one set of rails is stationary, whilst the other set is moved by
cranks or other convenient mechanism, so as to first riso above the level of the
fixed rails; secondly, move forwards a short distance, carrying with them the yarn or
71

page_text: thread which the movable rails lift off the fixed rails; thirdly, descend below the
fixed rails, depositing the yarn or thread thereon; and, fourthly, return backwards
to their starting positions. By these means the yarn or thread progressively
advances. In a second modification both sets of rails are moved in such a way as
to be always in opposite phases, one set rising as the other descends.
Instead of the chamber being divided by several horizontal partitions, it may, if
the necessary horizontal length is conveniently obtainable, be divided by only one
or two such partitions, or oven without any; the yarn or thread travelling the
length of the chamber once only in the last mentioned case.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE-POWER
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Prowett, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Gentleman, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE-POWER."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Prowett at the Office
of the Commissoiners of Patents on the 25th September 1880.
WILLIAM PROWETT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gentleman.
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER."
This Invention consists in forming in direct communication with the boiler or
steam generator two tubes containing piston rods, which piston rods carry upon
their outer ends buffers or striking plates, so that when a valve is opened between
the boiler and one tube the steam will rush into this tube and force out the one
buffer against an impediment upon the carriage or other matter intended to be set
in motion. Each piston and buffer being attached to the other by means of a
chain working over a wheel, the forward motion of the one will cause the other to
retire into its tube ready for action, and thus alternately each buffer will be
brought into play.
When either of the pistons has given its full stroke, the valve between the
boiler and the tube becomes closed, and the steam within the tube is allowed to
pass into a condenser.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF HARMONIUMS AND SIMILAR REED INSTRUMENTS WITH PIANO FORTES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sebastien Crokaert at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1880.
SEBASTIEN CROKAERT, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Harmonium Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF HARMONIUMS AND SIMILAR REED
INSTRUMENTS WITH PIANO FORTES."
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction & general arrange-
ment of the various parts of harmoniums and other similar reed instruments, so
that they may be more conveniently combined than heretofore with ordinary
existing pianofortes of the cottage type, and enclosed in the casing of the same
with the least possible alteration to the general appearance of the piano, and
consequently at a moderate cost.
In carrying out my Invention as applied to the combination of a harmonium
with a piano of the ordinary cottage type, for example, I place the reed pan close
under the keys of the piano, the levers or pallets of the harmonium being operated
by means of adjustable screws or pins carried by the underside of the piano keys.
The bellows are placed vertically in the lower part of the piano case in front of
the strings. I only use one feeder, which I prefer to extend the whole breadth
of the piano or thereabouts, thereby enabling the performer to use the pedals of
the piano with one foot while working the harmonium bellows with the other.
The expanding end of the feeder is placed downwards and that of the reservoir at
the top, from which a suitable connection is carried to the reed pan. The feeder
is worked by means of a treaddle, which is arranged alongside and resembles the
pedals of the piano. The harmonium may be coupled with the piano at the will
of the performer by means of a knee pedal or coupler, the action of which raises
the reed pan and brings the levers and pallets within the range of action of the
piano keys, the reverse motion allows the reed pan to drop out of action.
I am
aware that somewhat similar combinations have been made, but I claim that my
particular arrangement of the various parts is more simple and therefore more
economical to manufacture than those in use, and that the use of a single feeder
worked by one pedal enables the performer to use the piano pedals while blowing
the harmonium.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FANS FOR LADIES' USE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oscar Thaege at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March 1880.
OSCAR THAEGE, of Basinghall Street, in the City of London, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FANS FOR LADIES' USE."
My Invention relates to improvements in fans for ladies' use, and has for object
to provide means whereby the opening of such articles is expedited, and when
opened securely retained in such position.
My Invention is specially applicable to fans having a rigid handle to which the
blades, strips, or folds forming the fan proper are secured.
For the purpose of my Invention each of the outer blades or strips of the fan
is provided with a cord, which is secured thereto at a suitable distance, and
symmetrically opposite to each other, by a pin or other equivalent contrivance.
The free or loose ends of theso cords pass through eyelet-holes contrived in the
handle of the fan, said handle being, for the purpose of my Invention, hollow or
tubular. These cords pass thence through a plate fitted to the bottom of the
handle, and provided with two slots or orifices, leading one into the other, but one
of which is smaller than the other. Within the handle, and at or about a point
between the eyelet-holes at which the cords would bisect each other if crossed, a
button or bead, acting as a catch, is fixed to and secures the two cords together,
the said button or bead being of such a size as to pass freely through the larger
slot or orifico. From this point of connection the cords pass out of the handlo
parallel to each other and are secured to a ring.
To open the fan the ring is drawn downwards, thus causing a portion of the
outer cords, between the eyelet-holes and their points of attachment, to pass into
the handle, and at the same time the button or bead on the inner cords to pass
through the larger slot, and as soon as this button or bead has quitted such slot it
is shifted to the smaller slot, through which, it being unable to pass, it is held, and
thus securely retains tho fan in its open or displayed position.
Two or more of such catch-buttons or beads may be used so as to retain the fan
partially open at any desired extent.
Sometimes I provide the fan with an india-rubber cord or band, or with a spiral
spring, the ends of which may be secured to the outer blades, so that on the button
or bead being released from the smaller slot or orifice the closing of the fan would
be effected by the contraction of the cord, band, or spring. Or other suitable
means may be provided for the purpose of closing the fan, or for keeping the same
closed when folded.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CHENILLE OR AXMINSTER CARPETS AND RUGS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Adam at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1880.
WILLIAM ADAM, of the Firm of Tomkinson and Adam, Carpet and Rug
Manufacturers, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CHENILLE OR AXMINSTER CARPETS AND RUGS."
This Invention has for its object an improved and quicker method of weaving
chenille or Axminster carpets and rugs.
"
Instead of winding the chenille weft or
"
fur on a stick, pirn, or quill as
heretofore, I, according to my Invention, am enabled to weave it by drawing it
from a large beam or bobbin or from a basket.
In carrying my Invention into effect I employ a bar of needles set to the
required gauge, and through the eyes of which the "catcher" or binding warp
passes from a roller or beam on which it is placed. This roller or beam is fixed to
the frame carrying the bar of needles, so that when the latter move or dip down
into the foundation or stuffing warps, the roller or beam carrying the "catcher" or
binding warp moves with it.
In order to allow the needles to work freely and not be obstructed by the sley
or reed, the latter is made in the form of a comb, the tops of which are firmly
soldered so as to bind the dents together in series, leaving spaces at intervals
through which the "catcher" or binding warp passes in order to make a shed.
The chenille weft or "fur" is wound on a beam or large bobbin, or it may be
placed in a basket; the beam, bobbin, or basket is preferably placed over the loom;
the end of the chenille weft or "fur" is brought down and passed through one or
more eyes or guides carried by a slide, which runs on a rod or bar fixed behind the
aforesaid needles. The said slide is moved at the required times from one side of
the loom to the other, carrying the chenille weft or "fur" with it, ready to be
pulled through at the end of its course between the lower ends or points of the
needles and the top of the sley or reed; the latter then moves forward and presses
the chenille weft or "fur to its proper place.
"
The movements of the various parts are obtained by suitable cams and con-
nections when working by power, but when working without power treadles or
other suitable means may be adopted.
The order of opening the various sheds and of passing the different wefts there-
through is similar to that heretofore adopted.
IMPROVED VENTILATOR, APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER CLOSED VEHICLES AND SHIPS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lamb Scott and Sam Hallam
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th January 1880.
GEORGE LAMB SCOTT and SAM HALLAM, of No. 46, Lancaster Avenue,
Fennel Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVED
VENTILATOR, APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER CLOSED VEHICLES
AND SHIPS."
The Invention consists of improved arrangements whereby the velocity of a train,
vehicle, or ship through the atmosphere is made subservient to the continuous
induction of pure and withdrawal of vitiated air from interior or internal compart-
ments, as hereinafter described.
One modification of the Invention is intended more particularly to replace the
usual form of ventilator or louver as now applied to railway carriages at the upper
part of the doors, or above the doors of each compartment of railway carriages, and
is constructed as follows:-
:-
In the interior of an open ended rectangular casing or box are placed either two
or four inclined partitions, whose apices or inner ends each take the form of a
suitable convergent angle or throat, and have between them an interval opening or
space communicating with the interior of the open part or side of the casing or box,
which is so constructed as to enclose and cover the slide at upper part of door.
The edges of partitions forming the throat are also at the outer ends each
chamfered to a proper divergent angle to form a receiving orifice, and suitably
curved channels are also provided at the sides of a block placed midway at side of
opening or space between the two opposite throats.
As the carriage or vehicle moves through the atmosphere, the air is caught by
the open end coincident with the direction of motion, and is discharged in a
constant jet across the interval between the apices or throats, and carries along
with it by induction a continuous stream of air from the interior of the com-
partment.
A similar arrangement, but of larger capacity, or with circular convergent and
divergent cones, may be applied to the roof or otherwise of the carriage, and made
to communicate by means of a main trunk or airway with each compartment,

page_text: Another modification of the Invention is a double conical funnel placed longi-
tudinally underneath the floor of the carriage or vehicle or any other suitable
position; the convergent end of each funnel opening into a breeches pipe, the end
of which terminates in a blast pipe discharging into the base of a short vertical
funnel, is placed by means of suitable air-ways or passages with the closed spaces
or compartments desired to be ventilated.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FITTINGS CONNECTED WITH THE ACTION OF WINDOW SASHES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Welton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1880.
NICHOLAS WELTON, of Whitburn, in the County of Durham. " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN FITTINGS CONNECTED WITH THE ACTION OF WINDOW SASHES."
The means or appliances hitherto adopted for hanging or suspending window
sashes have been numerous and as yet unsatisfactory, proving either costly in
carrying out or defective in their results, or both costly and defective.
To remedy these objections is the purpose of my said Invention, and I will now
briefly describe the main feature of it.
A sheave or pulley mounted loosely upon an axle fixed to the jamb of the
window has a chain, wire, rope, or other suitable line passing over it. The
periphery of the said sheave or pulley may be plain or grooved to receive the chain,
one end of the chain being connected to wrought iron or other suitable metal lift
fixed to the stile of the bottom window sash, and the other end of the chain
attached to the stile of the upper window sash. In consequence of the top and
bottom window sashes being counterbalanced upon the said pulley, both said
window sashes are simultaneously opened by simply raising with the finger the
lower window sash.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Chapman Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd June 1880.
ROBERT CHAPMAN ANDERSON, of Woodgreen, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES."
This Invention relates to improvements in that class of galvanic batteries known
as the "Daniell battery," the object of the improvements being to increase the
power and useful effect of such batteries and to prevent the deposit of copper on
the zinc element.
In carrying out my improvements I employ the usual elements, such as zinc and
copper, the former of which may be acted upon by any of the usual agents
generally employed, but for the latter or negative element I employ oxalato of
copper dissolved in muriatic acid more or less diluted according to the strength
required.
In order to prevent the deposit of copper on the zinc or positive element I employ
two porous pots (instead of one only) placed one within the other, with an
intervening space filled with a solution which will act as a good conductor of
electricity, and in this solution I place metallic iron or other metal which will
precipitate copper from its solution, the zinc element being placed in the inner
porous pot.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ENVELOPE-LETTER PAPER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1880. A communi-
cation from abroad by Edouard Clément, of Paris, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ENVELOPE-LETTER PAPER." [A communi-
cation from abroad by Edouard Clément, of Paris, Franco.]
This Invention relates to an improved envelope-letter paper designed to prevent
the letter being surreptitiously opened without detection. It also possesses the
other advantages common to envelope-lotters, of being economical and of preserving
the postal marks upon the letter itself for future reference.
The accompanying Drawing shows by way of example different views of the
improved envelope letter paper of this Invention. Figure 1 represents the letter
paper before it is folded; Figure 2 represents the front or flap side, and Figure
the back or address side of the letter after it has been folded and passed through
the post. Figure 4 shows the back of the letter after it has been opened by the
receiver.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the Figures. a is the
sheet of paper provided with projecting flaps or lappets b, b, at one corner, which
are gummed and partially separated from the rest of the sheet by the lines of
perforations c, c. The paper is folded crosswise along the dotted lines d, d,
Figures 1 and 4, and fastened by turning down the gummed flaps b, b, as shown in
Figure 2. e, postage stamp;f, f, are postal marks. To unfold the letter, the paper
is severed at the line of perforations, leaving the gummed flaps adhering as seen in
Figure 4.
This improved envelope-writing paper may be made in all sizes, and may have
the letter heading, monogram, or other device printed in any position thereon.
IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH IRON FRAMES AND PLANKING FOR COMPOSITE SHIPS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by George Allix at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September 1880.
GEORGE ALLIX, of No. 9, Church Terrace, Cubitt's Town, in the County of
Middlesex, Shipwright. "IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH IRON FRAMES AND
PLANKING FOR COMPOSITE SHIPS."
This Invention relates to a special section of angled and single wedge shaped
frame, and to so grooving the planks to suit the special section of frame that the
two can be united by caulking and by screw bolts, or preferably by "coach screws,"
if such fastenings be desired, said screws passing through a web of the angled iron
frame and into, but not through, the planking, that the outside of the planking is
plain and free from bolt holes.
The Invention consists in making an inclined or single wedge shaped projection
from the two sides of the bottom web of the angled iron frame; the inside of the
bottom web is slightly dished, that the single wedge shaped projection of one side
is of the same depth as that of the other side, and also to lighten the frame without
interfering with its strength. The projecting flange to which the back angle iron
is secured is parallel on both its side faces, and I purpose placing the back angle
iron on the inner side face of this flange to enable the spaces between the single
wedge shaped surfaces of the angled frame to be caulked, the grooved portions of the
planking having under cut sides for that purpose. The caulking forms a filling up
and so secures the planking to the angle frames, that fastenings can be dispensed
with if desired.
Screw bolts may be used through the web of the angle iron and the planking,
but if such fastening be desired, I prefer that they be of the kind known as coach
screws, which can be screwed into position through the bottom web and into but
not through the planking.
By this Invention the usual diagonal plates (outside) may be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO MALTING APPARATUS OF THE ROTARY TYPE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Palm at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1880. A communication from
Dr. Ludwig Mautner Ritter von Markhof, of Vienna, Austria-Hungary.
HENRY PALM, of the Firm Michalecki & Co., of Vienna, Austria-Hungary,
Civil Engineers and Patent Agents. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO
MALTING APPARATUS OF THE ROTARY TYPE." A communication from Dr. Ludwig
Mautner Ritter von Markhof, of Vienna, Austria-Hungary.
The object of iny Invention is to obviate the inconveniences adhering to the
various systems of malting apparatus hitherto in use, and to construct an apparatus
affording possibility of carrying on the malting operation in an economical and
rational way.
My said apparatus consists of a barrel, preferably made of wood, which by
suitable mechanism is caused slowly to rotate upon its own axis.
Inside the barrel and parallel with its axis, or nearly so, two tubes perforated
with fine holes are arranged diametrically opposite one another, each of which
passes with one end through one of the two bottoms, and is connected with
one of the hollow trunnions of the barrel, the other end of cach pipe being
closed.
One of the said hollow trunnions communicates with the suction pipe of an
exhauster, by which the air from inside the barrel is sucked up through the fine
holes of the corresponding inner tube, so that as this tube communicates with the
atmosphere only by the opposite tube there is established between both tubes a
constant flow of air, which must take its way through the malt with which tho
barrel is half filled. The direction of this flow of air is continuously changed, the
barrel being continuously rotated, so that the air passes at each moment through
another layer of malt.
The air entering at one trunnion may be cooled down or heated or moistened by
any suitable means, passes through one of the perforated tubes, and thence through
the malt into the opposite tube, and out by the other trunnion into the suction
pipe of the exhauster. On the trunnion, through which the air issues, a thermometer
may be arranged to show the temperature of the malt. The barrel is provided
with test holes.
Instead of sucking the air out from the barrel by means of an exhauster air
may even as well be blown into the barrel by means of a blower, or fan, or blast
engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGONS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Francis Fairlie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1880.
ROBERT FRANCIS FAIRLIE, of Victoria Street, in the City of Westminster,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND
WAGONS."
The object of my Invention is to construct railway carriages in such manner
as to diminish and greatly prevent loss of life and limb from railway accidents of
whatever kind, and to construct wagons to protect merchandize, especially coal,
which is much deteriorated by the present method of shunting.
The framings of all rolling stock are at least 100 times stronger than their bodies
where passengers sit, which bodies are easily smashed in an accident. The frames are
made strong to stand accidents, but by the use of buffers, which are rarely true to
each other in height for many reasons, a sudden stoppage of the train or a collision
occurring the higher buffer over rides the lower one and smashes the carriage body,
and injures its occupants. My object is to prevent this, and for this purpose I
couple the frames close together, while permitting their free action on curves, and
I mount the carriage or waggon bodies so that they can slide forward on the frame
against a retarding material of rubber, steel, or any form of spring whatever.
Thus the frames will take the full brunt of a collision while the bodies slide forward
against the springs. Each body should be capable of sliding at least one foot
either way, and be brought up when it has travelled this distance.
I dispense with the present buffers (the cause of a large proportion of the loss of
life) and place their equivalent on the frames for the bodies to slide against, as
aforesaid, and I thus greatly ease the shock to railway passengers.
The ends of the frames should be for their entire depth, say 11 or 12 inches, circular
to a radius drawn from the centre of the frame longitudinally, so that when coupled
tightly together as aforesaid they may be able to pass round curves of, say, 50 feet,
with the greatest safety. The coupling rod moving laterally between two carriages
will form a chord of an arc when the carriages are on curves. The friction of the
wheels on the outside rail will thus be almost removed, and while wear and tear
of tyres and rails are saved the carriages will travel safely on the smallest curve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward William Horne, Edmund
Tweedale, and Samuel Tweedale at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 2nd December 1880.
EDWARD WILLIAM HORNE, Cashier, EDMUND TWEEDALE, Manager, and SAMUEL
TWEEDALE, Foreman Mechanic, all of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES."
This Invention relates to improvements in engines mainly designed for use in
propelling tram cars, but applicable for other like vehicles, and the object is to
utilize compressed coal or other explosive gases in addition to the use of such gas
or gases explosively.
Engines constructed for the purpose aforesaid comprise an air-tight receiver into
which coal or other explosive gas, or a mixture of coal gas and air, is highly
compressed. In connection with such receiver is a cylinder and piston, the latter
being acted upon by the compressed gas expansively. A portion of the gas is at
each motion or stroke or at alternate strokes of the piston is discharged or permitted
to escape and pass to the cylinder of a gas engine, where along with atmospheric
air it is exploded and acts in the ordinary way of a gas motor engine.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF PROTECTORS FOR CORNS, BUNIONS, OR THE LIKE
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATEFT to George Fredrick Walters, of Stepney Causeway, in the
County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF
PROTECTORS FOR CORNS, BUNIONS, OR THE LIKE."
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Fredrick Walters at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1880.
GEORGE FREDRICK WALTERS, of Stepney Causeway, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF PROTECTORS FOR CORNS, BUNIONS, OR THE
LIKE."
My improvement consists essentially in a cover or protector, constructed
preferably of india rubber or other suitable pliable material, punctured with a hole
of the requisite size. These protectors are of necessity of various forms, one being
like a simple broad ring; this fits over a toe, the corn or other sore projecting
through or into the hole already mentioned, while the thickness of the protector
keeps off the pressure of the boot, etcetera. The sido of the ring opposite the hole I
prefer to make as light and thin as possible, consistently with sufficient strength, so
as not to interfere with the comfort of the wearer.
Another shape consists of a narrow half ring, thin like the first, whilst the thick
side is prolonged and extended, and pierced with the hole as before; this form
would be useful for a corn upon the sole of the foot, the ring going over one
of the toes, and the flat extended part lying under the sole of the foot, the corn
projecting into the hole.
Another form is in shape like a sheath, with the thick portion and hole at one
end (which is closed except by the hole), the other being open, and the body or
main portion being formed thin; this form is useful for a corn on the end of
a toe

page_text: A form specially useful for bunions is large, so as to fit over the great toe, and
then spread out, thickened and pierced as before. It will be seen that for different
applications, the exact shape of these protectors admits and even requires much
modification, and I have made a considerable number of different shapes (in the last
eighteen months, during which time I have made a long series of experiments, and
spent much time and money upon them), and others may be demanded; but this
does not in any way affect the principle of my Invention.