Year: 1886

page_text: We GEORGE A. CARDWELL of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, and State of
New York, United States of America, Physician, and WILLIAM P. ARNOLD, of New
York, County of New York and State of New York, United States of America,
Counsellor at Law do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:―
This invention has relation to the Art of Telegraphy, and in its entirety com-
prises the several methods and the means for carrying into effect such inethods as
are hereinafter specifically described under their several appropriate headings.
Viewing the invention as an art or method of Telegraphic Transmission it
contemplates the transmission over a single line, or over a limited number of lines,
of electric currents of different character, either simultaneously or in rapid
succession and the resolution of these successively or simultaneously transmitted
currents into the successive operation of mechanism adapted to generate, indicate
or record visible signs or signals, symbols, characters or audible signals.
In the following description under certain headings to be presently mentioned
there will be found specific descriptions of the several separate methods whereby
the new art above referred to may be carried out and it is to be understood that,
while the art as a whole, may perhaps be carried out by each of these several
methods and by the means or mechanism appertaining to each method, indepen-
dently of each of the other methods; all the methods to be described or to be
considered as modifications of the same principles and as being all within the spirit
of my invention. As it will probably tend to a better understanding of this
invention to consider each method of the several methods by means of which the
art may be practiced and the mechanism connected therewith, under separate and
individual headings, I will now indicate by numeral headings and brief descriptions
the several methods by means of which the art forming the subject matter of my
invention may be carried out and will further on under like heading specifically
describe each method and the requisite means for carrying each such method
into effect.

page_text: As this part of my invention can be more thoroughly understood in its applica-
tion to the harmonic system of multiple telegraphy, I have selected the latter as
the basis of my description.
Let it be supposed for instance, that I have at command, say, six harmonic tones
-viz., G A B C D E. Now, according to the Gray harmonic system, I can send

page_text: all or any number of these tones simultaneously over the one circuit, and cause
each tone to affect its own receiver or relay; but by a system of combinations in
the receiver which I employ I can, by the simultaneous transmission of any group
or tone and the responsive action of a corresponding group of receiving relays,
effect an act or result which is the direct and invariable sequence of such combi-
nation. Thus, should I send together the tones CE, the result will be the actuating
of the mechanism which will print the character "g" while if I send C and G the
character printed will be "i" and so on, and if, instead of combinations, I should
send single tones, each tone will cause the printing of the character allotted
thereto.
In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated and in the following description
I shall specify sufficient of an organized system to clearly indicate the character of
my invention, and shall therefor limit myself to a specific description of a receiver.
Such a receiver is adapted to respond to combination tones, no matter by what
devices the same are transmitted, so that a specific description of a transmitter
particularly designed and adapted to be used in connection with this system will
be unnecessary, and will not therefor be illustrated.
Again, to render the description concise, I shall assume that the Gray harmonic
system is well understood and need not be explained or its principles dwelt upon
further than may be incidentally suggested or warranted by the novel conditions
of its use.
Referring to the sheets of the accompanying drawing marked "1st. method"
wherein Fig. 1 is a diagram of my invention, and Figs. 2 and 3 are perspective
views of a pair of grouped actuating-magnets A designates the main-line wire of a
harmonic telegraph, leading to ground at a receiving station through the magnets
BCDEFG, which are provided with the appurtenances of a Gray harmonic
relay, so that each reeded armature will respond to its appropriate tone and to no
other, and when so responding will open a local-battery circuit, a b c, &c., which is
normally closed upon a secondary and open circuit relay a¹ b' c¹ &c.
I term a¹¹ c¹ &C., "open-circuit" relays, because they are normally in an
energized state, and, under conditions hereinafter explained, close another local-
circuit or circuits when their armatures are retracted by the de-energizing of
their coils.
The relation of the magnets B C &c., and the magnets a¹ b¹ &c., is the same as
exists between the harmonic relay and sounder under the usual conditions of
harmonic telegraphy.
I have suggested that each individual tone will effect the printing of a single
character, and now before going into detail as to the precise means by which the
secondary relays are controlled so as to respond to both single and combined tones,
I would suggest a reference to the diagram Fig. 1, which illustrates the general
principle of action, and the main path of circuit by which the printing under single
tones is accomplished.
1 in the diagram is a local battery, from which a line, 2, leads through back
stops, 3, of armatures 4, &c., and thence by lines 5 through all the arinatures 4, &c.,
above which are other stops 6, &c., each having a line to a printing magnet 7 &c.,
and each being in a branch and, normally-open circuit with battery 1. Now
supposing it were desired to print the letter "b" in response to the tone C, the
tone is transmitted" and immediately harmonic relay C responds, opening its
local circuit and causing armature 4¹ to fly back against stop 6. Circuit from
battery 1 is now through all the back stops or continuous line 2, thence through
armatures until 4¹ is reached, when the current to printing magnets 71, and thence
to battery, all the other printing magnets being out of or on open circuit. It is
obvious that any other tone may be similarly made to control and effect the
printing of its appropriate character. This much understood I will now explain in
detail the means by which two combined tones will cause a dependent character to
be printed,

page_text: The armatures of the secondary relays are pivotal or provided with pivotal
arms C Figs. 2 and 3 carry front and back contacts h h¹, and lower insulated
contacts, ii. The points h 1' and h 1' are respectively connected by lines m m¹.
Stops are opposed to stationary contacts 1 1, stops h¹ oppose contacts 1' and
stops i face contacts 12, all being properly insulated.
In the drawings, Figs. 2 and 3 are designed to represent under two conditions a
pair of armatures belonging to a harmonic group or groups-say G F, which is
arranged for printing the character, say, "L" Then the stop 11 of each is con-
nected by a line, m, with the stop h of the other, while a line leads from a stop, 1,
above each armature, as already mentioned in explanation of diagrams, to a
magnet, 7. The stops 12 12 are in circuit with a local battery, M, and a printing-
magnet, M, adapted to print the character "I." Now, normally, the armature G¹
being closed or down, the current vibrations or pulsations corresponding to a single
tone will cause the retraction of but one of said armatures, as shown in Fig. 3, and
the circuit will be from battery 1 and line 2, through linek and by way of the
attracted armature and stops h¹ 1¹ thereof, through the line m, joined to said
stop 1, thence to and through stops 1 of the retracted armature, to and through
printing magnet 7, back to battery 1, all other circuits being open; but should
currents corresponding in vibration to two tones be sent simultaneously, both
armatures G¹ G will be retracted and circuit completed through ii 12 12, line k¹,
battery M and printing magnet M₁ as shown in Fig. 2, all other circuits of this
group being open,
By an analogous arrangement of circuits and connections all the secondary relays
may be grouped together in pairs.
The mechanical details of the printer do not properly constitute a part of my
system, and as their principles are well understood and susceptible of much
variation, I do not deem it necessary or expedient to describe them.
I have shown how separate printing magnets may be energized and it is but a
question of mechanical skill and expedient to couple these magnets to their
appropriate printing devices and appurtenant parts.
»
•
By the term " tone herein used I wish to be understood as meaning the
vibration or pulsation corresponding to the tone.
"
"2ND. METHOD."
In this the second method I will proceed to describe both the transmitting and
receiving instruments and their operation and will first describe in detail the
construction and operation of the transmitting instrument or "key-board" and will
subsequently describe the construction and operation of the receiving instrument or
distributor."
2nd.
Referring now to the sheets of the accompanying drawing marked "
method" and to Figs. 1 and 2 which illustrate the transmitting instrument
consisting of a bank of keys mounted in a suitable frame, B₁ having suitable
connections for the attachment of circuit wires and other appendages of an electro-
magnetic instrument.
These keys may be arranged conveniently side by side in alphabetical order, or
they may be disposed in several banks.
I have shown twenty seven keys, the last being a spacing key. The "button"
on each key, bears its appropriate character or letter. The keys are supported by
flat springs, A which are attached to a cleat or to other support, C, allowing the
keys to be depressed and when released, to assume their normal positions.
1, 2, 3, 4, designate four electro-magnets in branch circuits with a local battery, 5.
These magnets are adapted when energized, to control, each the transmission of a
separate "tone" or equivalent current, which is "analysed" by the receiving
apparatus. The special construction of such magnets need not be detailed. The
keys are intended to close and open certain circuits through these magnets in the
order required for the operation of the "distributor," and hence the battery 5, has

page_text: branches leading to the contact points of the keys by way of the magnets. One
pole of the battery is in branch connection with the contact points, while the other
pole has a branch from its main conductor to each key. The outcoming line from
each magnet is so branched as to provide common circuits for several keys.
When a key is depressed, it first closes a circuit through one magnet, and this,
being immediately broken, the key closes circuit, with some exceptions to be
hereinafter noted, through two magnets, so that a single tone impulse is first sent
over the line to the "distributor," causing an adjustinent or preparation thereof,
and then two tones are sent conjointly, so as to effect the printing of a character.
F, designates a contact spring plate attached to the key at its rear end and
extending forward; these plates which are insulated from the keys by rubber
blocks, F, are in common circuit and are connected by a wire, G, with one of the
poles of the battery 5. G¹ designates an insulated upright spring plate having a
beveled head or projection g, against which impinges a pin, G³ on the side of
the key.
A bell crank lever G³ is pivoted to a standard, H, on the key and carries on the
under side of its horizontal limb, near the free end thereof, a platinum contact
stud, H, designed to maintain contact with the spring F, when the key is
depressed, while at the same time contact is made between the key, by pin, G²,
and the plate spring G¹. A standard H, carries a pivoted "S" shaped cam H¹ the
lower portion of which is bent laterally and so shaped as to provide an inclined lip
at i, leaving a "V" shaped cavity 22, between the inner surface of the lip and the
opposing side of the standard H. A spring presses against the upper end of the
device H, and tends to maintain the lower edge of the lip, i, in contact with the
standard H.
The depending limb of the bell crank G³ has a laterally projecting finger G
which, when the key is in its normal position, lies directly above the cavity i¹.
Now, when the key is not in use, the contact between the springs F and the bell
crank G³ is complete. When the key is depressed, the finger, G³, impinges against
the inner surface of the lip i, and moves the latter outwardly while circuit is
completed through the key and the spring G¹ thus sending the first a preparatory
impulse through the distributor.
As the key descends, the finger G³, passes the lip i, on its inner side, and the
contacts at G are broken.
LL' designate contact springs in circuit with transmitting magnets of the series
1, 2, 3, 4, and M, M, or pins depending from the under side of the key, and so
arranged that, after the contact h¹, F, is made and broken, circuits will be made
through the springs L L and the pin, M M¹, from the battery V, through two
transmitting magnets, which may include one of the magnets already energized.
In general, the contact L L M M are made simultaneously, but in some
exceptional instances, one impulse should anticipate the other, in order to avoid the
establishment of a false or short circuit in the "distributor."
So too, in some cases, instead of making two circuits through the contacts L L¹
M M but one circuit is required, the "distributor" being so arranged that in
these cases the printing magnet responds to a single impulse instead of to a
permutation.
As the key rises, it first breaks circuit L L M M allowing the "distributor" to
assume its normal position, but in order to prevent the preparatory circuit from
being re-established and the "distributor" disarranged, the renewal of the
preparatory circuit is avoided by the finger G³ and lip i, the latter moving the
bell-crank lever, so that the contact h¹ F are separated, and held apart, until
the ping passes the spring G when contact is immediately made at h¹ F while
the circuit is open at g G.
I have especially described that form of key which I think best adapted for the
use for which it is designed, but I do not wish to be confined to any special
construction, since the saine object may be attained by various mechanical
expedients.

page_text: normal position without remaking the preparatory circuit.
In fact this part of my invention may be considered to embrace any transmitting
key which will make and break not only three, but any number of circuits, from
two on, one circuit being a preparatory circuit, and the others actual working
circuits.
THE RECEIVING INSTRUMENT OF THE 2ND. METHOD.
In the description of the first method of carrying out my invention I have
detailed a method and means for effecting what I have termed a permutation of
multiple telegraphic transmission and I have shown how, for instance, the Gray
harmonic system of sending different currents simultaneously over a single line,
when applied to the printing or recording of the separate signals, may be per-
mutated, by employing the different pulsatory currents or "tones in couples,
thereby causing certain receiving devices to respond to two simultaneously
transmitted currents and produce a definite signal, in response to the conjoint
action of such currents.
"
Previous to the invention of the system of permutation described in my first
method the harmonic system had been employed in printing telegraphy to the
extent of causing a given character to be printed in response to a single tone
current and likewise in causing a series of characters to be printed from a
succession of intermissions in a single "tone current" through the medium of a
rheotome transmitter and a type wheel controlled by an escapement.
According to the first system, that is the recording of a character in response to
each "tone current" the number of different characters was limited to the number
of different currents. Thus, supposing that six tone currents were available, but
six different characters could be printed. According to the second system,
involving the rheotome transmission, each current required a number of impulses
corresponding to the alphabetical order or position of each letter and hence the
speed of transmission was very much limited.
My system of permutation contemplated the printing of a large number of
different characters by the use of a limited number of tones or equivalent currents,
but differed from the second method alluded to, in that each character was to be
printed in response to a single act of transmission or impulse, instead of in response
to a succession of impulses corresponding to the alphabetical order or position of the
character; and I accomplish this object by a peculiar combination of relays in the
receiving instrument, these being so arranged, that, while each responded to a
single tone current and effected the printing of a corresponding character, any two
relays when made to respond to two currents transmitted by a single impulse, and
by the depression of a key controlling two different currents would effect the
printing of another character. Thus, there may be as many different characters
printed as there may be permutations in couples of the different currents, each
character being printed in response to a single impulse of the proper key. In
carrying out the system described under the heading "1st. method" I made use of
Bix "
tone currents" and a corresponding number of combining relays. I have
found, however, that I can reduce the number of combining relays and that I can
still further enlarge or extend the permutation principle so as to operate effectually
with less than six tone currents, and I shall now proceed to describe suitable
devices for this purpose.
The apparatus which embodies the receiving instrument in this, the 2nd. method,
I terin a "distributor" its functions being to select and relay the proper currents
for each printing or recording operation and to distribute such relay currents
through their proper courses.
In order to fully comprehend the nature of the distributor and its mode of
operation, let it be assumed that the harmonic transmitter has a capacity of four

page_text: "
"tone currents" for instance C" "E" "G" and "B." The receiving apparatus
is furnished with "analysers" so that when any of these tone currents are sent
over a single line, it will be so diverted as to act upon its own relay and upon no
other. In Fig. 3, of the drawing, sheet marked "2nd. method" which shows the
"distributor "1, 2, 3, 4, designate, respectively, the four receiving relays which are
normally closed the armature tongues a, b, c, of relays 1, 2, 3, having contact
points a¹¹¹ closing circuits from a local battery through opposing contacts all
be while no circuit whatever is made through parts d¹¹ of relay 4, such parts
merely serving as mechanical stops to limit the movement of the armature tongue.
1, 2, 31, 41, represent four double coil electro-magnets having pivoted tongues A,
B, C, D, to their armatures A¹ B¹ C¹ D¹ each tongue terminating at its rear end in
a block of insulating material E, F, G, H, respectively. To these blocks are
attached on opposite faces, the contact springs E¹ E, F¹ F", G₁ G¹¹, H¹ H",
respectively. In the rear of each tongue stands a post h, supporting a bracket h¹,
of insulating material, through the arms of which pass the upper and lower contact
screws opposing the spring contacts E' E" and F. F" etc., as shown.
When the armatures are raised from the poles, the springs E" F"G" H" rest
upon the lower contact screws and when the armatures are attracted this con-
tact is broken and a contact made between the upper springs E' F¹ G'H' and the
upper contacts h¹¹. The forward ends of the armature tongues carry metallic
bars JJJJ1 opposed to the ends of insulated contact springs j j¹¹¹¹¹ which,
respectively lead to the different printing magnets and thence to a battery or
batteries arranged as hereinafter more fully described.
The armature tongues of the magnets 1, 2, 3, 4, each carry a block of insulating
material K which insulate contacts e e¹ etc., opposing contacts ff' etc., in stationary
blocks K of insulating material. The block on armature tongue of magnet 1
carries two contacts e e¹ opposing contacts ƒ ƒ¹, that of magnet 2 carries three con-
tacts e²ee opposing contact ƒ ƒ³ f4 while those of magnets 3 and 4 carry
respectively four and five contacts the opposing stationary blocks having corre-
sponding points.
When an armature is released the contacts of the moving blocks touch those of
the opposing stationary blocks, but while the armatures is against the poles are
retracted the contacts points are separated.
5 designates a supplementary magnet, having a pivotal tongue 5' to its armature.
At its forward extremity this tongue carries a platinum stud o on its under side
and a stud of insulating material p on its upper side. A standard P¹ facing this
end of the tongue carries a pivotal "U"-shaped bracket P against which bears a
spring P and between the ends of this bracket the end of the tongue extends.
While the armature is unattracted, as when the "distributor" is inactive, the
platinum point o rests upon the lower arm of the bracket P₁ so as to complete a
circuit through the same from the tongue. The printing instrument it may be here
briefly stated, consists of a series of magnets, mounted in a frame, the armatures
being connected to levers which are adapted to strike a common center, as in a
type-writing machine.
The paper is in the form of a strip or ribbon supplied from a reel and fed by
means of an electral-magnetic feeding device similar to that employed in "stock
printers."
As the printing instrument does not constitute a part of the invention to which
this application relates, it will not be more particularly described or illustrated than
is necessary to show its relation to the "distributor."
The connection wires or conductors are shown in the diagram and will be
specifically traced as the description of the operation proceeds.
Let it now be supposed that the letter "A" is to be printed. As will be
inferred, the allotment of the letters to the keys and the relation of any given letter
to any succession of impulses is arbitrary, since any letter may be assigned to any
operative combination.

page_text: "tone
The depression of a single key controls several current impulses, that is, during
its depression it controls certain magnets the energizing of which bring the
currents" in to play; the keys are so constructed that when depressed each closes
a circuit from a local battery through such of the four magnets as have lines or
branches leading to the key, and thus effect the transmission of the "tone currents "
depending on the energized magnets.
"
In the diagram Fig. 2 I have shown the four magnets I, II, III, IV, by which
the tone currents circuits are closed and opened and I have also shown the courses
of the branches leading from said magnets to the key-board and their terminals
through which circuit is made in depressing the keys. If now the key bearing the
letter "A be depressed a circuit is first closed from the local battery G through
the key and through the contact "1" into and through magnet I produces a
transmission of a tone current which may be "C" and as a result following a well
understood action of such a current, the armature of the "distributor" magnet 1
is released and the contacts ef 31, f', brought together. A current from a local
battery Z now flows through the points e, f, in the course of the dotted lines and in
the direction of the arrows thereon and passes through one bobbin of the electro-
magnet 11 whence the circuit is to one pole of the battery Z which may be the
negative pole. From the positive pole the circuit is through each of the lower
spring contacts E" F" G" H", and the contact screws has seen, thence to
the contacts e, f. The armature of magnet 1 is thus attracted; immediately
however the circuit through the first bobbin is broken by the separation of the
contact springs El from its opposing contact screw h¹¹ but a circuit is at once
established through the second bobbin by way of contact E¹¹. The current
flowing from battery Z¹ first through said contact then through the second bobbin
to the bracket P" to armature tongue 5¹ of said magnet and back again to the
battery Z. This current now retains the armature of magnet 11 against its poles.
While this change of circuit is taking place the magnet 1 has been restored to its
normal position and the contacts e, f, separated the transmitter having broken
circuit through the magnet 1 the making and breaking of such being almost
simultaneous and being performed by the partial depression of the key. When the
key is still further depressed it closes circuits from the battery V through the
point "1" "2" and immediately magnets I, II, are energized. Two tone
currents "C" "E" are now sent over the line and magnets 12 affected so
as to release their armatures and make contacts between the points in front
thereof. The action of the magnet 1 under the first impulse was preparatory, that
is, is affected an adjustment or preparation of the "distributor" for the performance
of its principle function, namely, the direction of a current to the proper printing
magnet. Now, under the two new impulses, the circuit in the distributor is as
follows. To the proper poles of battery Zu through contacts e¹ f¹ of magnet 1 by
way of magnets 5 and from zinc pole y to binding post L from which leads a line
to the magnet of the paper feed in the printing instrument and thence returns to
binding post L', from the latter the circuit continues through the bars J J¹ J¹¹ Ji
until it reaches the spring contact ; which is in circuit with printing magnet of
letter "A." The circuit is then by way of the spring; and the connecting wire
to said printing magnet and finally back to the contact e¹ by way of binding
post M and line N through contacts es fs and line N¹. The letter "A" is now
printed and the printing circuit immediately broken by the automatic elevation of
the transmitter key. Simultaneously the armature of magnet 5 which was drewn
down by the operation of the current raises and in so doing the contact o leaves
the lower arm of the bracket P" and breaks the local circuit which was originally
made through the second bobbin of the magnet 11 thereby allowing the armature
of the latter to rise and assume its normal position, but the insulated piece p
coming in contact with the upper arm of the bracket P lifts the bracket and
again completes the circuits through the same and the point o thus restoring
these devices to their normal position. I have arranged the key-board for the

page_text: transmission of 27 signals and a spacing mark or "space" thus twenty seven sets
of impulses in the order arbitrarily adopted will effect the printing of twenty seven
different characters by the establishing of twenty seven distinct circuits leading
from the distributor through as many different printing magnets.
The key-board may, however, have greater or less capacity. I have already
stated in a preliminary portion of this description that each key makes and breaks
three contacts, or in other words produces three electrical impulses. For further
example I will refer now to the key marked "K."
It will be seen that the contacts of this key are designated Seriatim "3" "1"
"4" which indicates that in depressing the key, circuits are made from battery V
first through the transmitting inagnet III that this circuit is immediately broken
and that the circuit is divided and completed through transmitting magnets I
and IV. The effect of this operation on the distributor is to first energize receiving
magnet 3, complete a local circuit through the first bobbin of magnet 31 imme-
diately break such circuit and produce a circuit in a second bobbin which will
maintain the armatures attracted by the first bobbin down upon the poles. Second,
the energizing of the receiving magnets 1, 4, and the production of the circuit
through the contacts which these magnets govern in the distributor and the
diversions of the current from one pole of a local battery through the magnet 5
into the magnet controlling the paper feed thence back to the bar J, thence
through one of the spring contacts upon which this bar impinges, thence to the
printing magnet of letter "E" and back to the other pole of the battery. The
order of contacts or impulses is different for each key and the letters by which
these contacts are designated refer to the commutations or permutations which
are correspondingly produced in the transmitting and receiving magnets. The
directions of the currents produced in the distributor by these permutations can
be readily traced on the diagram and need not be further specified. In describing
the action of the keys, I have referred to the making and the breaking of three
contacts at each depression, and I have also suggested that the two contacts upon
which the actual printing operation depends are to be made simultaneously. There
are, however, several exceptions to those peculiarities in the action of the keys.
By reference to the diagram of the key-board, it will be seen that the keys "Y"
"Z" "Sp," have each but two operative contacts thus "1-4," "2, 4," "3-4." This
indicates that each of those keys after first making and breaking the preparatory
circuit then establishes its printing circuit in response to a single tone current.
When the keys make and break three contacts the printing circuit is established
through contact points in the distributor, closed or controlled by two receiving
relays, whereas when the keys make but two contacts, the printing circuit is
formed at the distributor through contacts controlled by only one receiving relay,
the first contact made by the key being used to produce the usual preparatory
circuit in the distributor.
The operation of the "distributor" in directing the currents to the printing
magnet does not depend on the absolute simultaneous completion of the two opera-
tive circuits. One part of the circuit may be formed slightly in advance of the
other, but the printing circuit will not be completed until both receiving relays
have responded. Hence where two "tone currents are transmitted, one of them
may slightly anticipate the other. The term "simultaneous" is therefore to be
understood with reference to the two receiving relays as indicating that both these
armatures must lie retracted, and the proper contacts be made thereby at the same
time. In some cases, as where the receiving relay 4 is employed as one of the
currents of permutation or combination, it is even necessary in order to ensure
certainty, that the corresponding contact through the key be made after the one
with which it combines, so that the contacts between the armature tongue and
opposing stop of the receiving relays 1, 2, or 3 may be separated before relay t
is brought into requisition, in order to avoid the formation of a circuit by the
latter through the contacts-and the consequent feeding of a space in the printer

page_text: 3RD. METHOD.
THE TRANSMITTING INSTRUMENT.
The transmitting instrument of the 3rd. method comprises essentially four
electro-magnets, a series of keys by the depression of any one of which three of
said electro-magnets may be energized, each of the electro-magnets being provided
with a pivoted armature by the attraction of which circuit may be established and
a current sent over the main or line wire; the current thus sent by the energizing
of each magnet being different from the current sent by the energizing of any other
of the four electro-magnets.
These electro-magnets are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, in the accompanying drawing
(sheets marked "3rd. method" Figs. 1, and 2) and each such magnet has a pivoted
armature correspondingly numbered and each armature is provided with two con-
tact points 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, opposing stationary contact points 13-14,
15-16, 17-18, 19-20; A, designates the main or line battery, one element at the
end of which is connected by a line 23, with the contact 5, of magnet armature 1.
An opposite element of the battery at or about the middle of the same is connected
with the point 6, by a wire 24. The line 23, is connected to the contact 8, of
armature 2, by a wire 25, and line 24, is connected to contact 7, by a wire 26.
From the same end of the battery as line 23, a wire 27, is led to the contact 9, of
armature 3, and from the other end of the battery a wire 28, leads to contact 10,
of the same armature. A branch wire 29, connects contact 12, with wire 27, and
another branch wire 30, connects wire 28, with contact 11. Stationary contacts 13,
15, 17, and 19, are all connected directly with the main or line wire leading to the
receiving instrument, while stationary contacts 14, 10, 18, and 20, are similarly
connected with a wire 31, leading to ground.
By means of this arrangement of circuits and contacts it will be observed that
by energizing magnet 1, and thereby bringing contacts 5—6, 14—15, together, a
negative current from one half the elements of the battery will be sent over the line,
by bringing contacts 7-8, 16-17, together a current from one half of the battery
will be also sent over the line but in the opposite direction from the current sent
when magnet 1, is energized. When magnet 3, is energized a current of the full
strength will be sent over the line and in the same direction as the current sent
when magnet 1, is energized. When magnet 4, energized a current of the full
strength of the battery is sent over the line, but in opposite direction to the
current sent by magnet 3.
The keys by means of which the magnets 1, 2, 3, 4, are energized are the same
practically in construction and operation as those mentioned in the description of
the "2nd. method" and comprise a lever A, and insulated spring tongue B, a
pivoted "L"-shaped spring lever C having a pin D, on its depending end which
operates in conjunction with an "S"-shaped pivoted tongue E, supported upon a
post F, to break the circuit of a local battery H, (through the medium of which
the magnets 1, 2, 3, 4, are energized) when the key is ascending. In this key,
however, in lieu of the contacts "M, M¹" and "L, L¹" of the key used in the
2nd. method, I provided three contacts G¹, G, G³, which in connection with a
pin 1, establish the circuit of the local battery H, through three of the electro-
magnets when the key is depressed. The order in which each of the electro-
magnets of the three composing each "group is energized by the depression of
"

page_text: It having been explained in the foregoing description of the "transmitter" of
this the third method of practicing my invention how three currents of different
character can be sent in rapid succession over the line, it now remains to be
explained how these three currents affect the printing or recording of a character
or sign appropriated to the particular group of currents transmitted.
In the accompanying drawing we have shown in Fig. 3 (sheet marked
"3rd. method") a diagram of the circuits and all the necessary contact points
for producing or printing thirty six characters the same being an entire alphabet,
nine numerals, a
" space and a period.
11
I have also in this figure shown the magnets and relays necessary for the
establishment of the required connections and so much of a novel form of printing
instrument as is necessary to an understanding of the operation of the device.
The mechanical parts of the receiving and printing apparatus not necessary to
an understanding of the operation have been left out so as to permit of a clearer
understanding of the vital parts of the invention and it is to be understood that
I propose to employ such mechanical parts as will render the instrument operative,
but do not consider it necessary to herein show or describe the same.
The printing instrument which is shown in a skeleton form at the left hand side
of the sheet (Fig. 3, 3rd. method") consists of a type wheel A, having upon its
periphery the letters which are to be printed. This type wheel is given a constant
rotary motion in one direction by means of clock work or other suitable power
connected to the shaft a of said type wheel. To the right of the type wheel is
shown an electric magnet B, having an armature b' pivoted at 62 and carrying a
platen or roller C which, when the magnet B, is energized presses up against the.
periphery of the type wheel A. A roll of paper C¹ is carried upon a reel c and the
free end of the paper passes between the type wheel A and the platen or impression
roller C and receiving the imprint of the letters from said type wheel. Upon the
shaft a of the type wheel A, a notched wheel a¹ is secured, its notches a¹ a³ corre-
sponding in number with the number of letters or characters upon the type wheel
and upon the upper side of the lever b¹ is formed a tooth b³, said tooth entering
one of the notches a³ when said lever b¹ is elevated and serving to stop the type
wheel and steady it while a letter or character is being printed.

page_text: D designates the paper feeding roller which is shown in dotted lines near the
end of lever b¹ and D¹ a friction roller bearing upon the roller D, the paper strip C¹
passing between said rollers and being drawn along between the type wheel and
the impression roller after each letter or character has been printed. Upon the
shaft of the feeding roller D, a toothed wheel D2 is secured and upon the end of
the lever b¹ is a spring dog E, which engages with saw toothed wheel and twines
the paper feeding roller a short distance at each upward movement of the end
of the lever b¹, the dog slipping over and engaging with a fresh tooth as the end of
the lever is raised by the attraction of the armature to the magnet B, a spiral
spring F, serving to retract the armature when the magnet is de-energized. To
the shaft of the type wheel A is secured an arm G having two fingers g, g. This
arm revolves with the type wheel and successively establishes circuit between a
number of contact points concentrically arranged around the shaft a of the type
wheel and four arc-shaped plates also arranged concentrically with relation to the
type wheel shaft.
These contact points, the arc-shaped plates and the revolving arm with its
contact fingers we have called the commutator of the printing apparatus and its
relation to the receiving apparatus is such that when contact is established between
one of the contact points and the adjacent arc-shaped plate (the conditions of the
receiving relays and appurtenances being favorable) a circuit will be established
through the printing magnet B and a letter printed, the letter thus selected and
printed being correspondent to the letter transmitted from the transmitting
station.
In the drawing I have shown this commutator, not in alignment with the shaft
of the type wheel but as separated therefrom, as if the commutator were
represented in its appropriate position there would be considerable difficulty in
tracing the circuits of the commutator. I have therefore shown the commutator,
or rather a diagram illustrating the arrangement of the circuits therein, below the
printing mechanism, it being understood that the fingers g, g, successively established
contact between the contact points "A" "B" "C" etc., and the four arc-shaped
contact plates 1, 2, 3, 4.
It would indeed be possible to arrange the commutator apart from the printing
mechanism by fixing the arm G on a shaft at the center of the commutator and
causing said shaft to revolve at the same rate of speed and in unison with the type
wheel shaft a.
I will now go to the description of the electro-magnetic appliances for receiving
the successively transmitted grouped currents and will describe the manner in
which these currents are made to print the character appropriated to each group.
In speaking in this connection of "grouped" currents it is not to be understood
that any two currents are simultaneously transmitted over the line, but that a
"group" of currents means the three currents rapidly and successively transmitted
over the line by the depression of a single key of the transmitting apparatus.
In the receiving apparatus I employ two relays in the direct line circuit and
these two relays establish circuit, as will be presently described through electro-
magnets whose operation establishes the circuit through the electro magnet B, and
these two relays are responsive, the one to the four currents which may be sent
from the transmitting instrument i.e. to + strong" "-strong” and “ + light,"
light" while the other responds only to the two currents " + strong"
strong."
"
"
-
The relay which responds to any of the four currents which may be sent over
the line will hereinafter be called the "active relay" while the one which responds
only to the two stronger currents will be called the "neutral relay" since it is
neutral or inactive when the lighter currents are being transmitted.
The active relay which is lettered H is of the ordinary form of polarized or
"Siemens" relays and is provided with a pivoted tongue h, on the end of which are
four contact points 1, 2, 3, 4, two on each side, which face four stationary contact
points 5, 6, 7, 8, insulated from each other as shown.

page_text: The neutral relay lettered I consists of a relay of the ordinary form having a
pivoted armature tongue i which has on each side a contact point 9-10 and front
and back stops or contact points 11-12.
In front of the neutral relay I are arranged eight stationary insulated contact
points numbered 13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20, and between the two sets of
contact points 13-14-15-16-and 17-18-19-20-are arranged four other
contact points 21-22-23-24-which are carried upon a tongue attached to and
moving with the armature tongue or lever i. K, L, M, N, designate four electro
magnets provided with armatures k, l, m, n, pivoted at m¹ n¹ to suitable
standards and having spreading ends as shown. In front of each of the electro
magnets K, L, M, N, are arranged a number of spring tongues 12 m² n², and in
juxtaposition thereto a similar number of tongues ³ ³ m³ n³. These tongues are
insulated from each other but the points of each series of tongues are brought into
contact with the points of the tongues in juxtaposition there with accordingly as
cach of the magnets K L M N are energized and their armatures drawn down.
Thus, for instance, when the armature m is drawn down by the energizing of the
magnet M the series of tongues 2, will be brought into contact with the series of
tongues m³.
O designates an electro magnet facing the ends of the armatures k, l, m, n, and
provided with a pivoted armature o to which is attached a long horizontal rod or
strap of having four upright arms o², 0, 0, 05. On the ends of the armatures
k, l, m, n, are affixed four horizontal fingers k l m n, having hooks on their
ends, which when the armatures k, l, m, n, are drawn down and the magnet O is
inactive will book over the upright arms 02 03 04 05. When only one of the hooked
fingers has attached itself to one of the upright arms on the rod o¹ and the arm o¹
is drawn over by the energizing of the magnet O, the three remaining uprights
will be drawn away from under the hooked fingers and hence contact will be made
only between one of the uprights on rod o¹ and one of the hooked fingers. It will
be well to bear in mind this fact as under all conditions during the operation of
the machine the connection is made and established between the hooked fingers of
the electro magnet of the series K, L, M, N, which is first energized to the
exclusion of such contact by the hooked finger of any of the other magnets,
subsequently energized.
P designates an electro magnet having a pivoted armature p and a back stop p².
The object of this electro magnet is to break a certain circuit, and its connection
with the system and circuits of the instruments will be described further on.
In the drawing the line wire is shown as entering at the left of the finger and,
after passing through the active relay H and the neutral relay I passes, either to
ground or return line.
I will now suppose that the key "A" has been depressed thus transmitting in
rapid succession the three currents "3"-" 4"-"1." I will now analyse these
currents and trace the circuits which they successively establish by their action on
the receiving relays. As before stated, in the description of the transmitting
instrument of this method, when magnet "1" of the transmitting instrument is
operated it sends a negative light" current over the line-magnet. "2" sends a
positive light" magnet "3" a "negative strong" and magnet "4" a " positive
strong."
r
33
By the depression of the key "A" in the transmitting station I have the three
currents "negative strong positive strong" and "negative light" sent over the
line in rapid succession.
"
دو
"1
Let it now be understood that when a negative" current, is transmitted the
tongues of the active relay is attracted to the pole marked " and when a
positive current is sent over the line the tonuge is attracted to the pole marked "+."
The first current sent (i e “negative strong") establishes a circuit from tongue h
of armature H from contact point 3 to point 7 (the tongues being attracted to the
pole "") from contact 7 to contact 21 by a line 25 from point 21 to point 13
(the relay I having been energized by this current which is "strong" and the
k

page_text: points 21-22-23-24 thereby brought into contact with the points 13-14-
15-16) from thence by a line 26 to a point 27 where the current divides, one
portion passing through the magnet M and the other to one of the tongues m³.
After passing through the magnet M the current goes by a line 28 common to all
the magnets K, L, M, N, to a pair of separable contacts R, S, (which are parted as
will be presently described after the letter has been printed and by the action of
the paper feed mechanism) from thence by a line 29 to a battery T-from battery T
through a line 30 to tongue p, through contact p¹, and by a line 31 to back stop 11
of neutral relay I and from armature i of the same by a line 32 to tongue h of
relay H thus completing a circuit through magnet M and energizing the same.
The armature of magnet M being thereby drawn down, the finger on its end
engages with the upright o' on rod o¹. At the same time contact is established
between the series of fingers m² and the fingers m³ and a portion of the current
which has energized the magnet M goes by a line 32 to the fourth contact from
the right of the series m² m³ from thence by a line 33 to and through the magnet O
and thence by a line 34 to a point 35 where it joins the circuit from which it was
parted at point 27. The magnet O is energized by the current following the course
just described and attracts its armature thus removing the upright arms o³, o¹, oª,
out of reach of the fingers k, l^, n*.
The next current sent over the line is that caused by the energizing of the
magnet "4" in the transmitter and is consequently "positive strong."
I will consequently now note its effect on the relays and follow out the circuits
thereby established.
Starting as before from tongue h of armature H and bearing in mind that as the
current is "strong" the relay I will be energized, I find that circuit is established
from point 4 to point 8 thence by a line 36 to points 22 and 14 of relay I, from
thence by a line 37 to a point 38 where the current divides and part passes through
magnet N and over lines 28-29-30-31-32 and tongue h to starting point, the
other portion passing by line 39 to the fourth contact from the right of series n² n³
and line 33 to the magnet O, and line 34 to 35 where it joins again with the
current.
The lines M, N, have now been energized by current from the battery T and
consequently their armatures are depressed and the hooked end of magnet m has
engaged with the upright o³.
The energizing of the magnets M, N, has established a circuit through the
magnet P and a local battery and I will now proceed to trace said circuit, it being
remarked that the energizing of the magnet P breaks contact between points p
and p, and that for this reason there is no longer a circuit through line 31-
tougue i, line 32 and tongue h etc., and that hence neither the magnets K or L can
be energized.
The circuit established through the magnet P by the closing of the two series of
connections m² m² and n² n³ is as follows. Starting from the negative pole of the
local battery U the current passes along a line 39-40 to the first pair of contacts
on the right hand side of the series n² n³, thence by a line 41 to the corresponding
pair of contacts of the series m² m³, thence by a line 42 to magnet P and thence
to the positive pole of battery U.
I have now arrived at a condition where the magnets M. and N are energized,
the hooked arm m' is engaged with the upright o" and the contacts p p¹ have been
separated by the energizing of the magnet P, and hence neither the inagnet K or L
can be energized. I will now suppose that the third current of the group is sent
along the main line.
No circuit being possible by way of the lines 25 or 36 by reason of the fact that
the points p, p¹ are separated, I will now proceed to follow out a new circuit which
has been established by the energizing of the magnets, M and N and the movement
of the armature tongue h from the to the pole of the active relay H.
Starting from the negative pole of battery Q I find a circuit established by way
of a line 43 to tongue h of relay H through said tongue and points 1 and 5 and a

page_text: line 44 to contacts 23-19 thence by a line 45 to the arc shaped plate "I" and
(when the arm G has come to proper position) by way of the fingers g, g, to the
contact point 46 thence by a line 44 to the third pair of contacts from the left of
the series n², n³, thence by the line 47 (dotted) to the tongue m³ by way of said
tongue m and the upright of to the bar o¹ from bar o' by way of a line 48 to the
magnet B and, after passing through the magnet B, to the positive pole of the
battery Q, by a line 49, thus establishing the entire circuit and causing the platen C
to rise by the downward movement of the armature 6', and to print upon the paper
strip the letter which is just over said platen when the fingers g, g, establish
contact between the arc shaped plate 1 and the contact point 46, the letter in this
case being the letter "A."
After the letter has been printed as described the further movement of the
fingers g, g, breaks the circuit of the printing magnet B and the armature of the
same is retracted by the spiral spring F thus bringing into operation the paper
feeding mechanism and at the same time breaking the circuit through the magnets
M, N, O, and the battery T by the separation of the points R and S.
The breaking of the circuit of the magnet M N and the consequent release of
their armatures breaks the circuit of the battery U and magnet P, thus allowing
the points p, and p¹, to come into contact and thereby returning the entire
apparatus to its normal condition.
Having thus described the construction and arrangement and operation of the
apparatus and having traced out the circuits established when one of the keys of
the transmitting apparatus is depressed and having shown how a group of currents
transmitted in rapid succession will produce the printing of a letter arbitrarily
corresponding to such group, it will be unnecessary to further describe the operation
or to follow out the circuits which are established when any other letter or character
is printed.
Suffice it to say that by the combination or permutation of the successive
operations of the electro magnets K, L, M, N, a circuit can be established through
the magnet B by way of any one of the contact points surrounding the arc-shaped
plates 1, 2, 3, 4, and a letter printed corresponding relatively in position on the
type wheel to the position of the said contact point.
In the drawing these contacts points have letters upon them corresponding to
the letters which will be printed when (the condition of the receiving apparatus
being favorable) the fingers g, g, establish contact between said contact points and
the plates 1, 2, 3, 4.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1st. In a receiving and distributing instrument for that class of multiplex
printing telegraphs, wherein the transmission of electric signals is effected by the
conjoint action of two different electric currents, the combination of the following
instrumentalities, viz: 1st. Receiving relays and printing circuit relays which
partially complete the printing circuit under the action of the first electrical
impulse of the sending key. 2nd. A supplementary electro-magnetic device which
temporarily maintains the preparatory closure or completion of said printing
circuit 3rd. A series of circuits, batteries and contacts which, when two impulses
are sent by the key, fully completes said printing circuit to the exclusion of all
others.
2nd. In a current distributor or switching apparatus, the combination with
receiving relays and means substantially as described for controlling the action
of the same separately and conjointly currents of various characteristics transmitted
through a main or trunk line of one or more electro-maguetic devices constructed
and adapted to relay circuits through diverging or radiating lines, and operate
printing, sounding or recording magnets in response to special combination of the
transmitted currents on the main line.

page_text: 3rd. In a current distributor or switching device the combination with receiving
relays which respond to currents of various characteristics sent over a main or
trunk line and conjointly establishing normally open circuits, of an electro-magnetic
device or devices, constructed and adapted to complete radiating or diverging
circuits through given radiating or diverging lines in response to permutations or
conjoint operations of the receiving relays.
4th. In a current distributor or switching apparatus, the combination of
permutation receiving relays, and electro-magnetic translating devices from which
line proceed to printing, recording or sounding magnets, substantially as described,
said translating devices being constructed and adapted to respond to initial or
preparatory currents relayed by one of the receiving relays and close and maintain
closed normally open contacts in the printing, recording or sounding lines during
the conjoint action of two relays in completing the working circuit.
5th. In a current distributor or switching apparatus the combination of three
or more permutable receiving relays, constructed and adapted to close normally
open circuits through any of two of said relays, in response to currents of different
characteristics passing simultaneously through a main or trunk line, and to effect
the relaying of different circuits in response to the different combinations or
permutations of the receiving relays.
6th. In a current distributor or switching apparatus the combination of receiving
relays and electro-magnetic circuiting or translating devices, the latter being
constructed and adapted to respond to initial or preparatory currents completed by
any one of said relays and close contacts between a conductor common to all the
translators, and given outgoing lines, in circuit with printing or working magnets,
substantially as described.
7th. In a current distributor or switching device the combination with
permutable receiving relays, and electro-magnetic devices for directing currents
into different diverging or radiating lines and means substantially as described,
whereby the translating magnets are energized through one local circuit and such
energization maintained through a different circuit, of a supplementary electro-
magnetic device, substantially as described for restoring the translating devices to
normal condition after such printing, recording or sounding operation.
8th. The combination with a current distributor or switching device, constructed
and adapted to respond to combined currents and complete a separate local circuit
for different permutations, of a transmitter comprising a series of keys adapted to
control the transmission of two or more currents of different characteristics, one of
said currents being initial or preparatory, substantially as described.
9th. In a telegraphic transmitting apparatus, the combination of a series of
electro-magnets adapted to close circuits over a main or trunk line or lines, a local
battery, or generator in circuit with said magnets and a series of keys in branch
circuits of the battery each of said electro magnets having circuit wires branched
or subdivided and leading to different keys and each of said keys being provided
with contact closing devices constructed and arranged substantially as described
whereby when a key is depressed it will close a circuit from said battery through
two or more of said electro magnets, as set forth.
10th. A telegraphic key having two or more pairs of contact points related to
different circuit lines, and means substantially as described for momentarily closing
one circuit in advance of the other or others when the key is depressed and for
maintaining the break in the open circuit until the key assumes its normal
position, as set forth.
11th. The combination of the key, stem, spring plate, bell crank lever, cam and
contact springs, substantially as described.
12th. The method described of telegraphing by means of electric currents of
different character, consisting in sending such currents in rapid succession over
a single line and by their conjoint action effecting the operation of electro magnetic
apparatus so as to produce a character, sign or signal corresponding arbitrarily to
each such group of currents so transmitted.

page_text: 13th. The method of telegraphic transmission and reception consisting in sending
over a main line from a transmitting station three currents of electricity differing
from one another in direction or strength by the depression or operation of a single
key and thereby so affecting relays in the receiving instrument in such manner as
to establish circuit from a local battery at the receiving station through an electro-
maguet and a commutator at such period of time in the revolution of a moving
type wheel that a letter or character will be printed corresponding arbitrarily to
the group of currents transmitted.
14th. The combination in a telegraphic apparatus of a constantly moving type
wheel, a contact arm moving synchronously with said type wheel and in contact
with a stationary commutator of electro-magnets and relays adapted to respond to
groups of currents transmitted and to establish a circuit from a local battery
through said commutator and an electro-magnet carrying on its movable armature
a printing platen at such a period in the revolution of said type wheel as will
cause a letter or character to be printed corresponding arbitrarily with the
particular group of currents transmitted, substantially as described.
15th. In a transmitting instrument for telegraphic apparatus the combination with
four electro magnets adapted when energized to send currents of different character
over a line wire common to all, of a series of keys each of which when operated
will cause three of said electro-magnets to become energized in rapid succession,
the order in which said magnets will be energized being different for each key,
substantially as described.
16th. In a receiving instrument for printing telegraphs, the combination of the
following elements, to wit; an active relay adapted to respond to both strong and
light currents either positive or negative, a neutral relay adapted to respond only
to strong currents either positive or negative, a series of electro-magnets and a
local battery in circuit with the movable armatures of said relays, a constantly
moving type wheel a contact arm carried by the shaft of said type wheel, a
cominutator against which said contact arm bears and a printing magnet having
an impression roller or platen upon its movable armature, the whole being so
constructed and arranged that the said printing magnet will be energized at such
period in the revolution of the said type wheel by the action of a certain group of
currents that a character will be printed corresponding arbitrarily to such group
of currents.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.