IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS FOR POTTERY OR COKE OVENS, GLASS FURNACES OR LIKE STRUCTURES
Year: 1884

page_text: I HENRY KNOWLES of Albion Works Woodville in the County of Leicester
Fire Brick and Sanitary Pipe Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS FOR
POTTERY OR COKE OVENS, GLASS FURNACES OR LIKE STRUCTURES to be as
follows:-
:-
"
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of Kilns pottery or
coke Ovens glass furnaces or like structures and has for its object to so bind and
brace the same as to give great strength and stability to such structures and more
security to the work people employed in connection therewith and to lessen very
materially the costly repairs necessitated by the heavy wear and tear resulting
from the great and constantly varying expansion and contraction from intermittent
firing especially where high heats are generated.
CE
It applies to Kilns Ovens and furnaces rectangular, round or of other form having
a roof, arch, or "crown" and which in working are subject to great variations in
temperature and are much weakened and damaged by the constant expansion and
contraction they are subjected to in the heating and cooling this interfering
materially with their proper and economical working, resulting in loss of labour
and waste of fuel, and the production of bad quality of goods manufactured, and
eventually becoming unsafe and dangerous to the workpeople. The expansive
force of the high heats generated in Kilns, Ovens or the like forces out the walls,
causing them to bulge, and the expansion of the arch or "crown" together with its
weight tends to thrust outwardly the walls at the part from which the arch or
"
crown is sprung and eventually the sides of the arch or "crown" gradually
sink and lose their curvature and force up the centre part and become unsafe
and dangerous and must be renewed at very considerable expense. These defects.
I remedy by my improved system of binding or bracing the Kilus, Ovens, or the
like at a comparatively small cost. And for this purpose I use a combination
of brace bars or rods of requisite strength to hold in position the walls of the Kilns
Ovens or the like and to support the arch or crown and maintain its curvature.
In binding the Kilns or Ovens or the like I use for the horizontal braces
permanent way rails which are no longer useful for railway purposes and which
can be purchased at very much lower price than the iron ordinarily used to bind
Kilns Ovens or the like and from their great strength and slight elasticity
FE

page_text: are especially suitable for bracing or binding Kilns, Ovens or the like being
sufficiently strong to firmly bind and hold the walls in position and sufficiently
elastic to give way slightly to the expansion of the Kilns when on "full" fire, and
to recover their proper position again when the kiln is cooled.
"
According to the size and strength of the Kiln or Oven or the like I fix one or
more rails to form horizontal braces at the part of the wall where the outward
pressure of the arch or crown is greatest and these form a band or brace round the
Kiln or oven or the like. I fix another horizontal brace across or near the line of
the fireplaces with a loose part or parts opposite the doorway or doorways for
removal when the Kiln or Oven or the like has to be "drawn and recharged.
I fix another horizontal brace above the spring of the crown and near the top of
the wall. Round the sides of the Kiln according to its size I place at suitable
points as many tie or holding down bars or rods as may be necessary to hold down
firmly in position the horizontal brace bar or bars carrying or supporting the arch
or "crown." These holding down bars have their lower ends fastened to the
bottom part of the Kiln or oven and their upper ends fastened to the horizontal
brace bar or bars supporting the arch or crown by which means it is held firmly
down in its position as the main support of the arch or "crown." To this main
horizontal brace bar in rectangular Kilns or the like I fasten the arch or crown
tie rods or braces as many as may be necessary to hold down the arch or crown
firmly and prevent its "lifting" in the centre and to preserve and maintain the
curvature of the arch or <
"
crown.' To hold the " crowns "of round Kilus or ovens
firmly in position I place according to the size of the Kiln or Oven two or three
horizontal bars round the crown one of which I place at or near the top another in
the middle and the third for large Kilns at the bottom of the crown at its junction
with the wall and to these I attach the brace or tie rods to hold the crown and
which at their lower ends are firmly fastened to the main horizontal brace bar
which supports the walls at the spring of the crown and at their upper ends they
are firmly fastened to the top horizontal bar or the crown to hold the crown in
position and avoid undue deflection when the kiln expands with the intense heat
when on " full fire."
«
"
By the above improved combination of horizontal brace bands or bars with
holding down bars, and arch or crown bands bars or tie rods arranged and
fastened in the manner described and for the purpose indicated and for which purpose
defective permanent way rails " are utilized to great advantage in supporting
kilns ovens or the like enabling them to withstand the heavy strain resulting from
their form and the high and varying temperatures to which they are subjected
and rendering them much more safe and economical in working than has been the
case hitherto.
וומ
1
T
1004
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the said Henry Knowles.

page_text: I HENRY KNOWLES of Albion Works Woodville in the County of Leicester
Fire Brick and Sanitary Pipe Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of said
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS POTTERY OR
COKE OVENS GLASS FURNACES OR LIKE STRUCTURES and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
"
"
My said Invention relates to improvements in the construction of kilns, pottery
or coke ovens, Glass furnaces or like structures and has for its object to so bind and
brace the same as to give great strength and stability to such structures and more
security to the work people employed in connection therewith and to lessen very
materially the costly repairs necessitated by the heavy wear and tear resulting
from the great and constantly varying expansion and contraction from intermittent
firing especially where high heats are generated.
CE
**
"
My said Invention applies to kilns ovens and furnaces rectangular round or of
other form having a roof arch or dome or crown and which in working are
subject to great variations in temperature and are much weakened and damaged
by the constant expansion and contraction they are subjected to in the heating and
cooling this interfering materially with their proper and economical working
resulting in loss of labour and waste of fuel and the production of bad quality of
goods manufactured and eventually becoming unsafe and dangerous to the work-
people. The expansive force of the high heat generated in kilns ovens or the like
forces out the walls causing them to bulge and the expansion of the arch or
crown" together with its weight tends to thrust outwardly the walls at the part
from which the arch or "crown" is sprung and eventually the sides of the arch or
"
crown sink and lose their curvature and force up the centre part and become
unsafe and dangerous and must be renewed at very considerable expense These
defects 1 remedy by my improved system of binding or bracing the kilns ovens or
the like at a comparatively small cost. For this purpose I use according to my
Invention a combination of brace bars or rods of requisite strength to hold in
position the walls of the kilns ovens or the like and to support the arch or
and maintain its curvature In binding the kilns or ovens or the like
for the horizontal braces permanent way rails, which are no longer useful for
railway purposes and which can be purchased at very much lower price than the
iron ordinarily used to bind kilns ovens or the like and from their great strength
and the elasticity which they possess to a slight degree are especially suitable for
bracing or binding kilns ovens or the like being sufficiently strong to firmly bind
and hold the walls in position and sufficiently elastic to give way slightly to the
expansion of the kilns or the 'like when on "full" fire and to recover their proper
position again when the kiln or the like is cooled.
"
"
"
crown
"
may use
"
According to the size and strength of the kiln or oven or the like I fix one or
more bars rods or rails to form horizontal braces at the part of the wall where the
outward pressure of the arch or crown is greatest and these form a band or
brace round the kiln or oven or the like I fix another horizontal brace across or
near the line of the fire places with a loose part or parts opposite the doorway
or doorways for removal when the kiln or oven or the like has to be "drawn and
recharged I fix another horizontal brace above the spring of the crown and near
the top of the wall Round the sides of the kiln according to its size I place at
suitable points as many tie or holding down bars rods or rails as may be necessary
to hold down firmly in position the horizontal brace bar or bars (or rods or rails)
carrying or supporting the arch or crown These holding down bars have their
-
"

page_text: curvature of the arch or "
crowns
"
"
«
"
"
"
lower ends fastened to the bottom part of the kiln or oven and their upper ends
connected to the horizontal brace or braces supporting the arch or "crown" by
which means the said horizontal brace or braces is or are held firmly down in its or
their position and form the main support of the arch or crown To the main
horizontal braces in rectangular kilns or the like I fasten the arch or crown tie
rods or braces, as many as may be necessary to hold down the arch or crown
firmly, and prevent its "lifting" in the centre, and to preserve and maintain the
" To hold the "
crown
" of round kilns or ovens
firmly in position I place according to the size of the kiln or oven two or three
horizontal braces round the "crown one of which I place at or near the top,
another in the middle and the third for large kilns, at the bottom of the " crown
at its junction with the wall and to these I attach the braces or tie rods to hold the
crown and which at their lower ends are firmly fastened to the main horizontal
brace which supports the walls at the spring of the "crown;" and at their upper
ends they are firmly fastened to the top horizontal brace on the "crown" to hold
the " crown in position and avoid undue deflection when the kiln or the like
expands with the intense heat when on
"
"1
full" fire.
"
By the above improved combination of horizontal brace bands, bars or rails with
holding down bars and arch or crown" bands bars or tie rods or the like,
arranged and fastened in the manner described, and for the purpose indicated and
for which purpose
"defective permanent way rails" may be utilised to great
advantage in supporting kilns ovens or the like they are rendered capable of
withstanding the heavy strain resulting from their form and the high and varying
temperatures to which they are subjected and thereby made much more safe durable
and economical in working than has been the case hitherto.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the annexed sheet of drawing the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
I will explain my Invention as applied to a kiln-Figure 1 is a perspective view
of a rectangular kiln constructed according to my invention and Figure 2 is a
transverse section of the same, Figure 3 is an elevation of a circular kiln or oven
with my improvements applied thereto-A are the outer walls of the kiln and B
the crown or roof-The upper part of the outer walls where the arched domed roof
springs from is surrounded by two bracing bands a of iron, which may be old or
worn railway rails-other horizontal bracing bands b being suitably arranged round
the lower parts of the kiln and also round the top of the walls A.
In rectangular kilns or ovens such as is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 a number
of bracing bands c are arranged at suitable distances apart across the crown or
roof B their outer ends being passed through or built in the upper part of the
Walls A and connected to the horizontal bracing bands a on the opposite sides of
the kiln-The bands a are also connected to the other horizontal bands b. by
vertical bars d at the sides and ends of the kiln the lower ends of which bars d are
built into the lower part of the walls A as shewn at f. in Figure 2.
Two (or more) bars g are arranged longitudinally along the crown or roof B and
may be connected to the bands c and at their ends to the bracing bands a at the
ends of the kiln.
In circular kilns such as is shewn by Figure 3 the dome or roof B is provided
with horizontal bands h which are connected by means of radiating tie bars i to the
horizontal bracing bands a the lower ends of the bars i passing through the brick
work of the upper portion of the outer Walls A.
By means of the combination of horizontal bracing bands and vertical bars round
the side walls of the kiln with the bracing bands and bars on the roof arranged
and connected together in the manner described and illustrated-the durability of
the kilns is prolonged and the shape thereof maintained as the bars and bands will
expand with the brickwork under the action of the heat to which they are subjected
and will contract as the kiln cools and bring the brickwork into position again.

page_text: Although I have described my invention as applied to rectangular and circular
kilns or ovens only, it is obvious that it is equally applicable to all kilns or ovens
glass furnaces or like structures having arched crowns or roofs.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1* In rectangular kilns or ovens, glass furnaces or the like structures having
arched roofs, the combination with horizontal bracings and vertical bracings for
binding the outer walls of the kiln, of other bracings arranged across or around the
arched roof and connected to the horizontal bracings substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of my drawings.
2nd In circular kilns or ovens glass furnaces or the like structures having domed
roofs or crowns the combination with horizontal bracings and vertical bracings for
binding the vertical walls of the structure of horizontal and radiating bracings
arranged on the domed roof or crown and connected to the horizontal bracings of
the vertical walls substantially in the manner hereinbefore described and illustrated
by Figure 3 of my drawings.
Dated him 20th day of Contamba- 1001.