Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Apr., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 25th. Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 2nd Mar., 1889
I WILLIAM KNOWLES of Hartford, Mill, Great Lever, and Round Hill Mills,
Bolton, both in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the
nature of my said invention to be as follows
11
This invention relates to improvements in mules for spinning cotton, and other
fibrous substances, and is designed chiefly to remedy the evil arising from the
over-running of roving or creel bobbins when delivering roving yarn to the delivery
rollers.
The creel or roving bobbins employed in a mule are mounted on skewers with fine
pointed ends to enable the roving bobbins to revolve in the creel with the least
possible strain on the roving yarn when being delivered to the rollers to be spun. It
is a fact that owing to the small amount of friction of the skewer in its bearings the
roving bobbin is frequently revolved by the weight of roving yarn hanging therefrom
to the rollers, especially is this the case from 'the third and fourth tiers or rows of
roving bobbins in the creel. This causes the roving bobbin to over-run and unwind
the roving yarn considerably more than necessary. When this occurs slack and
frequently curled roving yarn is produced, causing thick yarn known as "slubs."
Hitherto this evil has been partially removed by the attendant or minder making
the pointed ends of the skewers blunt to a greater or lesser extent, so as to increase
the bearing surface in the footsteps to produce friction sufficient to retard the action
caused by the weight of the hanging lengths of roving yarn between the roving
bobbins and the delivery rollers. This system has its drawbacks, for it is well known,
that, in order to produce good "twist' or "weft" yarns the roving yarn from
which they are spun ought to be made as soft as possible, but it will be easily seen
that such purposely soft made roving yarn is very easily broken by causing even the
smallest amount of friction for the purpose of retarding the over-running of the
roving bobbin as already described. Person's having practical experience are fully
aware that, the roving yarn on the bobbins in the third and especially in the fourth
tiers or rows of the creel is very much more liable to break than the roving yarn on
those placed in the first and second tiers or rows. This is caused by the fact that the

page_text: first and second tiers or rows are much nearer to the rollers of the mule, and it is
well known that the nearer these rollers are to. the roving bobbins the less frequent
will be the breakages.
:
M
To overcome these defects I employ a roller or rollers disposed in close proximity to
the roving or creel bobbins; the roller or rollers being driven in the direction of the
travel of the roving yarn at a surface speed equal to the surface speed of the
delivery rollers, by any well known mechanical appliances from the delivery rollers or
otherwise. The outer surface of the roller or rollers can be perforated, or provided
with a plain surface, in the latter case the same may be coated with dead paint or its
equivalent to prevent the roving yarn slipping or sliding over by the action or weight
of the long end extending therefrom to the delivery rollers. In the case of employing
a perforated roller or rollers the slipping or sliding of the roving yarn is prevented
by the fibres which protrude therefrom dropping into the said perforations. The
roller or rollers are mounted in bearings attached to the créel or otherwise of the
mule.
By these means the roving yarn can be unwound from the bobbins without
increasing the bearing surface of the skewer points for the purpose of creating friction
with the view of retarding the over-running of the roving bobbins as already
explained, and in case the bobbins do slightly over-run and deal out the roving yarn
more freely than desired the slack or "bag" of the roving yarn will be between the
bobbins and the said perforated or other roller or rollers and is of no moment what
ever. The length of roving yarn between the perforated or other roller or rollers
and the ordinary delivery rollers of the mule is delivered at a speed just sufficient to
meet the demands or requirements of the delivery rollers, that is to say, the surface
speed of the perforated or other roller or rollers is exactly the same as the surface
speed of the mule rollers, consequently undue slack or "bag" is entirely obviated,
and as the roller which unwinds the roving yarn from the roving bobbin is very
much nearer to the roving bobbin than are the delivery rollers of the mule it follows,
as already explained, that the roving yarn will be taken off the roving bobbin with a
minimum of breakages of the roving yarn.
Dated the 26th April 1888.
EDMUND CHADWICK, C.E., Fel. Inst. P.A.,
92, St. George's Road, Bolton,
Agent for Applicant.

page_text: ..I, WILLIAM KNOWLES of Hartford Mill, Great Lover, and Round Hill Mills,
Bolton, both in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the
nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in mules for spinning cotton and other
fibrous substances, and is designed chiefly to remedy the evil arising from the over-
running of roving or creel bobbins when delivering roving yarn to the 'delivery
rollers. The creel or roving bobbins employed in a mule are mounted on skewers
with fine pointed ends to enable the roving bobbins to revolve in 'the creel with
the least possible strain on tlie roving yarn when being delivered to the
rollers to be spun. It is a fact that owing to the small amount of friction of the
skewer in its bearings the roving bobbin is frequently revolved by the weight of.
roving yarn hanging therefrom to the rollers, especially is this the case from the third
and fourth tiers or rows of roving bobbins in the creel. This causes the roving
bobbin to over-run and unwind the roving yarn considerably more than necessary.
When this occurs slack and frequently curled roving yarn is produced, causing thick
yarn known as "slubs."
Hitherto this evil has been partially removed by the attendant or minder making
the pointed ends of the skewers blunt to a greater or lesser extent, so as to increase
the bearing surface in the footsteps to produce friction sufficient to retard the action
caused by the weight of the hanging lengths or roving yarn between the roving
bobbins and the delivery rollers. This system has its drawbacks, for it is well known,
that, in order to produce good "twist" or "weft" yarns the roving yarn from which
they are spun ought to be made as soft as possible, but it will be easily seen that such
purposely soft made roving yarn is very easily broken by causing even the smallest
amount of friction for the purpose of retarding the over-running of the roving bobbin
as already described. Persons having practical experience are fully aware that the
roving yarn on the bobbins in the third and especially in the fourth tiers or rows of
the creel is very much more liable to break than the roving, yarn on those placed in
the first and second tiers or rows. This is caused by the fact that the first and second
tiers or rows are much nearer to the rollers of the inule, and it is well known that
the nearer these rollers are to the roving bobbins the less frequent will be the
breakages.
To overcome these defects I employ a roller or rollers disposed in close proximity
to the roving or creel bobbins ;. the roller or rollers being driven in the direction of
the travel of the roving yarn at a surface speed equal to the surface speed of the
delivery rollers, by any well known mechanical appliances from the delivery rollers or
otherwise. The outer surface of the roller or rollers can be perforated or provided
with a plain surface, in the latter case the same may be coated with dead paint or its
equivalent to prevent the roving yarn slipping or sliding over by the action or weight

page_text: of the long end extending therefrom to the delivery rollers. In the case of employing
a perforated roller or rollers the slipping or sliding of the roving yarn is prevented
by the fibres which protrude therefrom dropping into the said perforations. The
roller or rollers are mounted in bearings attached to the creel or otherwise of the
mule.
By these means the roving yarn can be unwound from the bobbins without
increasing the bearing surface of the skewer points for the purpose of creating
friction with the view of retarding the over-running of the roving bobbins as already
explained, and in case the bobbins do slightly over-run and deal out the roving yarns
more freely than desired the slack or "bag" of the roving yarn will be between the
bobbins and the said perforated or other roller or rollers and is of no moment what-
ever. The length of roving yarn between the perforated or other roller or rollers
and the ordinary delivery rollers of the mule is delivered at a speed just sufficient to
meet the demands or requirements of the delivery rollers, that is to say, the surface
speed of the perforated or other roller or rollers is exactly the same as the surface
speed of the mule rollers, consequently undue slack or "bag" is entirely obviated,
and as the roller which unwinds the roving yarn from the roving bobbin is very much
nearer to the roving bobbin than are the delivery rollers of the mule it follows, as
already explained, that the roving yarn will be taken off the roving bobbin. with a
minimum of breakages of the roving yarn.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the creel of a mule with my improvement applied, and
Fig. 2 is a part front elevation of same.
The roving or creel bobbins A, B, C, and D are mounted on the skewers E in
the first, second, third, and fourth tiers or rows respectively. The skewers E
carrying the roving or creel bobbins are provided with fine pointed ends bearing
in the footsteps F in the creel boards G to enable the roving or creel bobbins to
revolve with the least possible strain on the roving yarn H when being delivered
to the rollers I to be spun. To prevent the roving or creel bobbins A, B, C, and D
over-running themselves by the weight of roving yarn H hanging therefrom to the
rollers I, especially from the roving or creel bobbins C and D in the third and
fourth tiers or rows, I provide the roller K in close proximity to the roving or
creel bobbins. If desired or necessary the roller K can be employed in connection
with the roving or creel bobbins A and B in the first and second tiers or rows
although not shown on the drawings. The roller K is provided with the centres J
mounted in the bearings L attached to the creel standard M. The supports or
bearings L can be of any suitable number according to the length, weight, and
diameter of the roller K. The centre J is fitted with the chain pulley N and is
driven from the pulley O on the roller spindle or centre I' by the endless chain J2;
the direction being according to the arrows which correspond to the direction of
the travel of the roving yarn. The roller K in front of the roving or creel bobbins C
in the third tier or row can be driven from the roller K in front of the roving
or creel bobbins D by the endless band T, or by other equivalents, such as, an
endless chain from the roller shaft or centre 1' as in the case of the roller K in front
of the roving or creel bobbins D in the fourth tier or row..
The surface speed of the roller K is equal to the surface speed of the delivery rollers
I by which just sufficient roving yarn is unwound from the roving or creel bobbins
to meet the demands or requirements of the delivery rollers I, by which undue
slack or "bag" of the roving yarn entirely obviated. The object of the roller K
is to retard the action caused by the weight of the hanging lengths of roving
yarn H, and to make the same thoroughly effective with the least possible strain on
the roving yarn in passing over the same it is necessary that the face or outer
surface of the roller K be such as to prevent the roving yarn slipping or sliding
over the same by the weight of roving yarn H hanging from the said roller to the
delivery rollers I, thereby relieving the roving yarn between the roller K and the

page_text: bag
"
roving or creel bobbins of any undue strain beyond that imparted by the roller K.
In case the roving or creel bobbins do slightly over-run themselves by the action
of the roller K the extra roving yarn dealt out will hang or
between
the back side of the roller K and the roving or creol hobbin, which is of no
consequence.
To retard or prevent the roving yarn slipping or sliding over the roller K I prefer
to make the outer surface with the perforations P as in Figs. 1 and 2, in which the
retarding action is produced by the fibres which protrude from the roving yarn
dropping into the said perforations. P. In constructing the roller K with a plain
surface it is necessary to coat or cover the same with a substance that will destroy
the slipperiness of the same to effect the object in view, that is, that of retarding
or preventing the roving yarn slipping or sliding over the same by the weight of
roving yarn hanging from the roving or creel bobbins to the delivery rollers I. To
effect this the outer surface of the plain roller K-as shown in connection with the
third tier or row in Figs. 1 and 2-is conted with dead paint, that is, with paint
without polish or varnish, or its equivalent which may consist of a roller painted and
sanded; or covered with sandpaper, india-rubber. cloth, or other substance with a
surface only just sufficiently rough to effect the object in view, and not so rough as
to cause the roving yarn to be wound round the said roller, as in Figs. 3 to 6
inclusive, in fact any material or substance with a slightly rough surface that will
effect the object in view can be employed. The roller K can be of metal, wood, or
any other substance or material.
In case it is necessary to clear the roller K of "fly," "fluff," and other imper-
fections gathered from the roving yarn in its passage over the same I employ the
small roller V covered with cloth or its equivalent, which is mounted underside the
roller K in the bearings W on the spring or flexible arms Was shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
The bearings W and the spring or flexible aims W can be of any desired number
supported from the creel boards G, and constructed to hold the roller V in position
laterally and allow the same to press or bear against the roller K by means of the
spring or flexible arms Wattached to the creel board G. In lieu of the clearer
roller VI employ the band or rope V₁ as in Fig. 9, the same extending the full
length of the roller K, and is held in position against the roller K by suitable
supports from the creel boards G.
4
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said In-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
In combination with the roving bobbins and crcels employed in mules for spinning
the use and application of the roller K for the purpose specified.
EDMUND CHADWICK,
Agent.