IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING CYLINDERS AND TUBES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING CYLINDERS AND
TUBES." A communication from abroad by Freeborn Adams, of Somer-
ville in the State of Massachusetts United States of America.
Sealed the 8th September 1859, and dated the 16th June 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th June 1859.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING CYLINDERS AND
TUBES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of a vertical mould, fitted with
a central core, and so arranged that it may be rotated upon its axis, as the
melted metal is poured in, by which the latter is caused to run into the mould
around every side and no considerable disturbance of the mass of the metal in
the mould is occasioned. The mould is formed of two halves, held together
by clamps, and secured by pins to a bed, which is mounted on the top of a
rotating shaft. Within the mould is a moveable bottom, which may be raised
or lowered according to the length of tube or cylinder required, and upon this.
bottom rests the core, the upper end of which is steadied and held in place by
metallic straps, made so thin as not to break the stream or interrupt the

page_text: regular distribution of the metal as it descends into the mould. The core bar
is made hollow, and perforated with holes, and when used it is to be covered
with a coating of moulding sand, through which the gas and steam pass to the
interior of the bar.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office ou
the 15th December 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
1859, in the twenty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton,
Her special license that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
.during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CASTING CYLINDERS AND TUBES," being a communication from
abroad by Freeborn Adams, of Somerville, in the State of Massachusetts,
United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calender months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the mould which I employ; Fig. 2, a
vertical section through the same; Fig. 3, detail to be referred to hereafter

page_text: Great difficulty is experienced by workers in copper in making castings of
this metal, such castings being liable to be filled with imperfections and "blow
holes," and the efforts heretofore made to remedy this evil bave not been
attended with success. These imperfections, which appear to result from the
disturbance caused by pouring in hot metal upon that which is partially cooled
and crystalized, are particularly manifest in articles of considerable length, and
in such as require a core through the centre, as in cylinders or tubes, and it is
with especial reference to this branch of the art that the present Invention
was originated, which consists in the production of a new article of manu-
facture, viz., a cast copper tube or cylinder without blow holes, made by
rotating the mould in which it is cast, and using a core, as herein stated.
It is proper to state that moulds have been rotated heretofore in casting
articles from iron, as pipes and car wheels, and that motion has been given to
the metal in the moulds whilst being poured into them; I lay no claim
whatever to either of these things. The Invention consists in the production
of an article of manufacture hitherto unknown, and one which has been
deemed so impracticable that workers in copper have turned their attention to
forming copper cylinders by the electro-galvanic process, which is very tedious
and expensive. By a simple mode of casting, I can produce, and do produce,
a perfect cast-copper cylinder, which has always heretofore been deemed an
impossibility, and for years not even attempted, or at least with any degree of
final success.
To enable others skilled in the art to understand the Invention, I will
proceed to describe the manner in which it is carried out.
In the accompanying Drawings the Invention is represented as applied to
a mould for casting cylinders. The mould A, the two halves of which are
held together by the clamps B, is secured to a bed D by pins C. The bed D
is secured to the top of a shaft E, which is supported by a standard L, and is
connected with the horizontal shaft F by bevel gears G and H, in such a
manner that as the shaft F is rotated the mould A will be turned upon its
axis. I is a movable bottom, which may be raised or lowered according to
the length of tube or cylinder required; and upon this bottom rests the core K,
the upper end of which is steadied and held in place by metallic straps g, made
so thin as not to break the stream of metal as it descends into the mould, or to
interrupt its regular distribution around all sides of it. The core bar R is
made hollow, and is perforated with holes S; when used, it is to be covered
with a coating of moulding sand Y, through which the gas and steam pass to
the interior of the bar. A mouthpiece P is placed upon the top of the mould
to assist the workmen in pouring in the metal. The velocity with which the

page_text: mould is rotated is not rigid. I have found 125 turns per minute to answer
the purpose in casting cylinders four incles in diameter; this, however,
will vary somewhat with the rapidity with which the metal is poured into the
mould.
Having now set forth the nature of this Invention, and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that
under the above recited Letters Patent I do not claim rotating moulds; but
what I do claim is, the manufacture of tubes or cylinders of copper (free from
blow holes and other similar defects), as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto 1
set my hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of December, in, the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON (L.S.)