Improvements in Elastic Tyres for the Wheels of Velocipedes and other Light Vehicles.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 27th May, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 28th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 30th Apr., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Elastic Tyres for the Wheels of Velocipedes and
other Light Vehicles.
I, WILLIAM GOLDING, of No. 4, Portman Street, Moss Side, Manchester,
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention relates; firstly, to an improved tyre for holding compressed air:
secondly, to improved methods of attaching clastic tyres to the rims or felloes;
thirdly, to an arrangement or device by which access is readily obtained to an
interior air tube for the purpose of repair; and fourthly, to an improved air-tight
cap for the inlet pipe.
1. The first head relates to that class of pneumatic tyres which consists of an
outer unclosed casing, the edges of which are secured together over the rim, and an
inner tubular rubber bladder, fitted with inlet pipe, for holding the compressed air.
It relates more particularly to the outer casing, which is now made of rubber or
mainly of rubber strengthened by an insertion or lining of canvas. My improved
casing consists of a stout canvas band, of one or more ply, preferably made water-
proof by a thin coating of rubber or other waterproofing material. The canvas is
preferably cut on the bias or cross which gives it the necessary flexibility, so that
when the interior tube is inflated the canvas casing assumes the rounded form of a
moulded rubber tyre and adapts itself readily to obstacles on the road. This casing
can be produced very cheaply, is lighter than one made of rubber, and will wear
well. The elasticity and resilience of the tyre are obtained entirely from the
compressed air contained within the flexible canvas casing. The edges of the
canvas casing are secured together over the rim.
2. In constructing the outer casing, a strip of tough twilled canvas is cut on
the cross, the width of the strip being twice that of the completed band. A thin
layer of rubber or coating of rubber solution, rather narrower than the width of the
completed band, is laid upon the canvas strip, the sides are turned over upon it and
rolled or pressed down flat. This forms a band of two-ply canvas ärmly cemented
together and made waterproof by the rubber. As the rubber does not quite reach
to the edges, the folds immediately at the edges do not adhere together. In each
of these folds a flexible wire, preferably of copper, is inserted. Each wire reaches
the whole length of the fold and is curled over at each end to keep it in place. In
some cases, however, the wire is inserted in pieces, the edges of the band being
nicked through the fold at the ends of cach length of wire. Instead of wire, metal
bands, strips of leather, cord or similar substitutes may be employed which have the
requisite amount of flexibility and firmness, for the purpose of securing the casing
in position as described in the next paragraph.
3. The edges of the casing are brought together over the rim close up to the
spokes on either side, and are sewn together, the stitches passing through the casing
edges, alternately over and under the wires. The object of the wires is partly to
prevent the edges from gaping and principally to prevent the casing from twisting
or partially turning round on the rim. The wires, or their substitutes, are
sufficiently pliable to take the curve of the rim and sufficiently rigid, when secured
together close up to the spokes, to prevent any lateral shifting of the casing. The
casing is joined endless by overlapping the ends and sealing them together with
rubber solution.
4. In some cases, preferably when the wire is not continuous but in separate
lengths, the opposite edges of the casing are secured together over the rim, at
intervals, by tying, wiring, buckling, clasping, hooking or other similar effective .

page_text: means. In these cases, access to the interior tube, when required, is obtained by
partially unfastening the edges and turning back the casing.
5. I do not limit the methods of securing the band to the rim, as hereinbefore
described, to bands forming the casing of pneumatic tyres alone as they can equally
well be used for band tyres with canvas wings, without an interior air bladder. This
would apply to tyres consisting of a rubber tread, approximately crescent shaped
in cross section, either of solid rubber or with one or more longitudinal holes or
grooves or a skin of rubber enclosing a core of porous rubber, such rubber treads
being vulcanized under pressure to a wider canvas band, such as hercinbefore
described.
6. When the wires and sewing are continuous as described in paragraph 3, the
edges of the outer end of the casing for a short distance from the join are temporally
fastened together by lacing or other similar means. When access is required to
the interior tube for repairs, the ends of the casing are unsealed by means of naptha
or benzoline, the lacing loosened, and the outer end turned back sufficiently far to
give free access to the interior tube. The interior tube has a strip of canvas
solutioned to it on both the inner and outer curves for the whole length. When
access to it is obtained; as just described, it is pulled round until the damaged part
is reached. The canvas strip is unsealed in the neighbourhood of the puncture and
a patch placed between.
7. The fourth head of this invention relates to an improved air tight cap for
affixing to the outer end of the inlet pipe. This consists of a brass or other metal
tube threaded on the outside at one end, a hollow cap threaded inside which screws
over the tube, and a loose button with a flat washer of rubber secured to it on one
side, which is placed inside between the cap and the tube, with the rubber washer
over the end of the tube. The button is shaped so as to have a limited bearing
surface on the inside of the end of the cap. The interior of the tube is also
threaded in order to screw in the nozzle of the air syringe during inflation. The
tube is securely joined to the rubber inlet pipe by being vulcanized or wired to it.
Upon screwing down the cap, the rubber washer upon the button is pressed directly
downward upon the end of the brass tube, and by closing the aperture makes it
perfectly air tight. The cap turns upon the top of the button and thus avoids the
side twisting and disturbance of the rubber seat which occurs when the cap screws
down direct upon it. The loose button is also more certain, casier applied, and can
be kept free from dust.
Dated this 26th day of May 1891
WILLIAM GOLDING.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Elastic Tyres for the Wheels of Velocipedes and
other Light Vehicles.
1, WILLIAM GOLDING, of No. 4, Portman Street, Moss Side, Manchester,
Inventor and Patentee, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates-first, to an improved tyre for holding compressed air;
secondly, to improved methods of attaching elastic tyres to the rims or felloes;
thirdly, to an arrangement or device by which access is readily obtained to an
interior air tube for the purpose of repair; and fourthly, to an improved air-tight
cap for the inlet pipe.
On Sheet 1 of the drawings hereunto annexed and forming part of this
Specification,
Figs. 1 and 2 are diagrams shewing arrangements or methods of folding the
strips to form the outer tyre or casing for my improved pneumatic or air-inflated

page_text: tyre, and Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate, in transverse section, further stages of con-
struction and alternative arrangements of the same strips.
Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the tyre and rim illustrating, also in section,
the inlet pipe, valve, and improved air-tight cap in position.
Fig. 6 is a transverse section of a pneumatic tyre or outer casing, shewn on a
mandrel and constructed in accordance with this invention.
On Sheet 2, Figs. 7 and 8 are transverse sections of my improved. pneumatic
tyre on the rim, seen partly in perspective, shewing the former secured in position
on the latter according to my improved.method.
Figs. 9, 10, and 11 are transverse sections through tyre and rim of my registered
solid, cushion, and spongy rubber tyre respectively, also illustrating the method of
securing them together.
On Sheet 3, Figs. 12, 14, and 15 are transverse sections of my improved
pneumatic tyre on the rim scen partly in perspective, illustrating alternative
methods of securing them together.
Fig. 13 illustrates a detail of construction.
On Sheet 4, Figs. 16, 17, 18 and 19 are plan views of the outer surface of the
inner curve of the rim, illustrating alternative methods of securing the tyre to the
rin. The lower part of Fig. 19 is an end elevation of the upper part of the same
figure.
Fig. 20 is a plan view of part of the outer surface of the inner curve of the
rim illustrating my improved method of securing a part of the tyre to the rim in
the neighbourhood of the cross join in the former, for convenience of access
for repair.
The same letters refer to the same parts throughout. The transverse sections of
the metallic rim and of wires or metallic bands are shewn by the solid black
shaded lines. The wheel rim is indicated at r; t is the outer casing, bis the inner
tube or bladder, a¹, are wires or their equivalents, and s, s are the spokes of the
wheel.
1. The first head relates to that class of pneumatic tyres which consists of an
outer casing, unclosed in transverse section, the edges of which embrace the metal
rim and are secured together over it, and of an inner tubular rubber bladder, fitted
with inlet pipe, for containing the compressed air. It relates more particularly to
the outer casing which is now made of rubber, or mainly of rubber strengthened
by an insertion or lining of canvas. My improved casing consists of a stout
canvas band, or of similar suitable fabric, of one or more ply, preferably made
waterproof by a thin coating of rubber or other waterproofing material or by
being permeated with rubber. The canvas is preferably cut on the bias or cross
which gives it the necessary flexibility so that when the interior tube is inflated
the canvas casing assumes the rounded form of a moulded rubber tyre and adapts
itself readily to obstacles on the road.
It has been amply proved by experience that the outer tyre or casing of
pneumatic tyres suffers very slightly from wear, less in fact than solid tyres, and
that the thinner and less elastic they are, if they have the property of flexibility
to the full, the more resilient they are. The casing described fulfils these require-
ments, and it can be produced more cheaply and is lighter than the usual kind made
mainly of rubber. The elasticity and resilience of the tyre are obtained entirely
from the compressed air contained within it. By the term canvas I intend to
include linen drill, cotton duck, or any suitable fabric having the requisite strength
and flexibility.
The canvas may be proofed by having a thin layer (or layers) of rubber solution
spread upon it to which a thin strip (or strips) of sheet rubber is attached and
the whole vulcanized together, or by having powdered rubber ground into it by
friction between cylinders revolving under pressure. Both these processes are
well known. The rubber when so applied has however, a tendency in use to peel
away from the canvas owing to the thinness of its substance and the insecurity
of its attachment..

page_text: To obviate this I prefer to treat the canvas with rubber by a new process (the
application of a natural law) which is carried on automatically, by means of which
the rubber fills up every minute interstice of the fabric and is so thoroughly
incorporated with it as to be inseparable from it. As the material, the result of
this process, is applicable for various other purposes and uses besides tyres a
separate application for Letters Patent has been made in connection with it.
The inner inflatible tubes which I propose to employ with these outer casings
constitute no part of my present invention, but they are, as shewn in the drawings,
slightly thicker than usually employed, being constructed from rubber mechanically
compressed laterally and treated so as to close up and heal punctured holes auto-
matically, wherever they may occur. These have been separately protected. This
construction of inner tube also increases the resiliency of the tyre, as the rebound
after compression is greater than with rubber in its normal state, the force being
received and directly returned almost intact, instead of being partially expended
in temporarily compressing and flattening the rubber wall laterally and so being
dissipated in heat.
2. In constructing the outer casing a strip of the proofed canvas is cut on the
cross, the width of the strip being twice or more than twice that of the completed
band. The strip is folded and doubled as shewn in Fig. 1, where c' and c² represent
the two edges, the overlap being next the tread and the edge c² on the interior
surface. These are pressed or rolled firmly together so as to become united except
in the folds which form the edges of the band. The ends of the band are in some
cases joined together, in a similar manner by breaking joint, so as to form an end-
less band of equal thickness throughout. The band is then either vulcanized fat,
round a cylinder, or it is stretched round and upon a ring-shaped mandrel of
cylindrical cross section and so vulcanized. In some cases where an arrangement,
hereinafter described, for obtaining access to the interior tube is applied, the ends
at the cross join are not vulcanized together but are rubber-solutioned only, so as
to be capable of being readily unsealed.
In each of the folded edges a flexible wire is inserted. These wires are
preferably made of steel, spring tempered, and coated with copper, either by
electro-deposition or by passing them through the molten metal, in order to
preserve them from rust. Each wire may reach the whole length of the fold and
may be curled over at each end to keep it in place. In some cases, however, the
wire is inserted in pieces, the edges of the band being nicked through the fold at
the ends of each length of wire. Instead of wire,-metal bands, strips of leather,
cord or similar substitutes may be employed which possess the requisite amount of
flexibility and firmness for the purpose of securing the casing in position as herein-
after described. The object of the wires, or their equivalents placed as described,
in addition to constituting an essential element in the means for properly securing
tyre and rim together when the edges of the former embrace the latter and are
secured together or to the rim by spaced fastenings, is to prevent the edges from
gaping and thus admitting dirt or water, to prevent the spaced fastenings from
tearing through the edge of the casing, to secure by their spring in combination
with the spaced fastenings the tyre in position when uninflated, and to prevent it
from twisting or partially turning round on the rim. I do not intend to limit their
use in this manner and for these purposes to the particular construction of casing
herein described as they are equally applicable to the usual rubber and canvas
tyres or casings when secured over the rim, nor do I limit their use under this
invention to the particular kind of spaced fastenings hereinafter described as
these latter may be varied in many ways and may be either wholly attached to
the tyre or partly to the tyre and partly to the rim. The wires or their equivalents
may be inserted either before or after vulcanization.
4
Fig. 2 illustrates another, arrangement of the band. It is formed from two
(or more) strips, one strip reaching from to c² in cross section and being folded
over and covered at the edges by the strip c³, c. Fig. 3 illustrates a cross section
of the mandrel m with two similar strips wrapped round it. These are first

page_text: attached together so as to break joint at the edges. The figure shews the arrange-
ment previous to lapping with cloth and vulcanizing. After vulcanizing, the
overlapped edges are peeled apart and rubber solutioned down over the wires a¹, a²
as shewn in Fig. 4. The arrangement as shewn in Fig. 4 may be made before
vulcanizing especially where cord is substituted for wire. The folds ³, et may be
either inside or out or they may be vulcanized as shewn and afterwards one edge
passed through the ring formed by the other edge and the casing turned inside out,
which ensures a very smooth outer surface when such is desired.
Another arrangement for building and vulcanizing the casing, which allows of
the edges being placed so as to embrace the rim on both surfaces, is shewn in Fig. 6.
The ring-shaped mandrel is illustrated in cross section at m; represents a cross
section of a piece of metal, shaped like the rim, and may be split longitudinally or
divided into segments for convenience of placing in position. One strip of proofed
canvas is stretched round the mandrel from c¹ to ², the edges being preferably
overlapped and stuck together on the inner curve. The middle part of another
strip c, c is then stuck over the strip c', c² on the inner curve, the metal piece
(or pieces) representing the rim is then placed in position as shewn, and the
ends c, turned over upon it. A third strip c³, c, with or without the wires a¹, it2
already inserted in the folded edges, is stuck all round the strip c', at the part
free from the rim, and is also stuck to the turned over edges c³, c.
The parts as
shewn in Fig. 6 are then lapped in cloth and vulcanized. After vulcanizing, the
strip c, is cut along the inner curve, between the two edges, and the whole is
removed from the mandrel. This casing is the same form as illustrated on the
rim of the wheel in Figs. 8, 12, and 14. Fig. 13 also illustrates the same form but
with a leather band enclosed within the folded edge.
3. The edges of the casing are brought together over the rim close up to the
spokes on either side, and are sewn together, the stitches preferably passing
through the casing edges alternately over and under the wires. The wires,
or their substitutes, are sufficiently pliable to take the curve of the rim and
sufficiently rigid, when secured together close up to the spokes, to prevent any
lateral shifting of the casing. Fig. 7 illustrates the means of securing by sewing,
the stitches being indicated at n. Fig. 8 illustrates the casing with split edges,
placed on the rim, the edges t³, meeting together inside and the reinforced
edges, being approached together over the rim and secured by wires Y,
ends of which are twisted together.
the
4. In some cases, preferably when the wire is not continuous but in separate
lengths, the opposite edges of the casing are secured together over the rim at
intervals by tying, wiring, buckling, clasping, hooking or other similar effective
means. Examples of some of these methods are shewn in Figs. 8, 12, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, and 19. Fig. 12 represents a hooking arrangement. A canvas, leather or
metal band is securely attached to one edge of the casing, and carries, firmly
fixed in it, at the free end the stud or hook . The contiguous ends of the wires
are bent round into hooks, one above the other, and these are sprung over the stud
or hook 11, when the tyre is uninflated. Fig. 14 represents a somewhat similar
arrangement. The band carries two studs or hooks u', u². The ends of the
wires, are bent round and outwards and a hole is made through the casing at
the bends. These holes 1, 2 are sprung over the studs. Fig. 15 illustrates a
hollow rim at . designed to suit my improved casing when constructed with single
edges. The latter is secured by a metal band, shaped to the middle curve of the
rim and provided with rolled edges which are passed through slits or holes in
the casing side. Figs. 16 and 17 illustrate a casing with leather or unstretchable
canvas strips folded in the edges. Fig. 16 shews the edges secured together by the
cord or thong, passed through eyelet holes (or over eyelet hooks), in the edges of
the casing and the ends tied or knotted together. Fig. 17 represents a clasping
arrangement. The metal bar K, shewn rivetted to one side of the casing by an
eyelet, is sprung over the two metal hooks 1, 2, which are similarly rivetted to the
other side.
In Fig. 18 the clasping band is of leather, the cross ends of which

page_text: are passed through opposite holes and 2 in the casing side. Fig. 19
illustrates a clasp suitable for the casings shewn in Figs. 7 and 8. To fasten it the
wires are sprung inwards beyond the line of spokes against which they abut, the
edge being brought for the moment over a, and the hook A sprung into position
over B.
It is evident that the details of such fastenings may be greatly varied without
departing from the principle described. The bands f, and the clasps K, A or B or
the hooks,, 1 and 2, or one end of a buckle may be attached to the rim
instead of to the other side of the casing, though this is not so desirable.
These fastenings are repeated at intervals, 4, 5, or 6 sets being used to each
wheel.
In
In these cases access to the interior tube, when required, is obtained by partially
unfastening the edge and turning back the casing. To enable this to be accom-
plished with facility one (or both) edge of the band or casing is nicked through
the fold at the ends of each length of wire. These nicks may be left
open or may be closed by lacing or any other efficient means, such as those
described for securing the casing over the rim. I prefer however to turn back
the canvas at the nick so as to form a triangular shaped hole or slot and to cover
it with a piece of thin sheet rubber, vulcanized into and between the folds of
the canvas round the edges, which may be further strengthened by canvas.
A
plain unclosed nick through the wire and casing edge is shewn at h, Fig. 15.
Fig. 12 the dotted lines at indicate a triangular nick covered with rubber, forming
an elastic gore such as just previously described. In this instance it reaches
about as far as the rim edge. In Fig. 14 a modified arrangement is shewn,
the elastic gore greaching further down. A similar elastic gorej, indicated by
the dotted lines, is made through the inner ply of canvas the edges of which
come together under the rim. This second gore is not under the other but is
preferably a few inches away. The ply of canvas opposite each gore is
strengthened by another piece of canvas rather larger than the gore. The outer
and inner plys of canvas, between the gores from the edge to the bottom of the
gores, indicated by the dotted line p', are kept separate from each other, thus
forming a pocket p. When the casing is secured & the inner tube inflated
these elastic gores are scarcely discernible and give no trouble. They can,
however, when required, be stretched to any desired extent, and will allow of the
casing in any part to be folded, turned over and laid on one side of the rim out
of the way, so as to give free access to the inner tube without removing it from its
seat. The same arrangement just described may also equally well be applied
to the single edged form of casing shewn in Fig. 15. With double edged casings,
such as those illustrated in Figs. 8, 12, 13 and 14, I prefer to make these elastic
gores in one side only, the other side having its inner edge cemented into the
interior of the rim and the outer edge also more permanently attached. The
fastenings as shewn in Figs. 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 are arranged to secure the tyre
longitudinally across the nick or clastic gore as well as across the rim.
5. I do not limit the methods of securing the casing to the rim as hereinbefore
described to bands forming the casing of pneumatic tyres alone as they can
equally well be used for band tyres with canvas wings, without an interior air
bladder. This would apply to tyres consisting of a rubber tread approximately
crescent shape in cross section, either of solid rubber or with one or more
longitudinal holes or grooves or a skin of rubber enclosing a core of porous
or spongy rubber, such rubber treads being vulcanized under pressure to a canvas
band such as is hereinbefore described. These tyres are shaped to embrace a
deep hollow rim as shewn in Figs. 9, 10, and 11. These illustrate respectively a
solid, cushion, and spongy rubber tyre. The interior or core part o may be made
of inferior rubber which can be forced through a die in a tube making machine,
the outer part t being built up from strips of better quality. The tyre is formed,
lapped, and vulcanized on a mandrel shaped exactly to resemble the rim. This
forms a tyre which owing to its shape or configuration is of light weight,

page_text: economical of rubber, efficient for its purpose, and not easily cut or nipped by
the rim.
6. When the wires are continuous, as described with reference to Figs. 7
and 8, the edges of the outer end of the casing for a few inches from the cross
join are temporarily fastened together by any efficient, method.
When access
is required to the interior tube for repairs, the ends of the casing at the overlap
of the cross join are unsealed by means of naptha or benzoline, the temporary
fastening is loosened, and the outer end turned back sufficiently far to give
free access to the interior tube. The interior tube has a strip of canvas
solutioned to it on the inner curve, shewn at c, Figs. 7 and 8, for the whole
length. When access to it is obtained as just described, it is pulled round until
the damaged part is reached. Reference is made to Fig. 20 which illustrates
the fastening referred to. The outer cross join is shewn by the line D while the
dotted line E indicates the cross join of the inner ply. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 etc. represent
eyelet hooks fixed into the reinforced edges for a length of about 5 or 6 inches.
A waved wire C, spring tempered, is laid along one row of hooks and
sprung over the other row. This arrangement admits of immediate fastening
and unfastening.
7. The fourth head of this invention relates to an improved air-tight cap for
affixing to the outer end of the inlet pipe. See Fig. 5. This consists of a brass
or other metal tube with a large flat flanged end e, threaded on the outside at the
other end, a hollow cap a threaded inside which screws over the tube, and a loose
button w which is placed inside between the cap and the tube. The button may
be of metal with a rubber washer fast upon it, or it may be made of rubber,
hard on the top side and soft next the tube, or it may be made of leather or
white metal or any suitable material which when pressed down upon the end
of the inlet pipe will make an airtight joint. The button is shaped so as to
have a limited bearing surface on the inside of the end of the cap. Upon
screwing down the cap the loose button is pressed directly downward upon the
end of the inlet pipe without any injurious side twisting. I prefer to enclose
the button in the cap so that it cannot fall out. This is effected by making
the cap from two pieces as shewn in the figure and after placing the cap
between, forcing the two pieces together. This cap and inlet pipe when applied
to an air tube made of laterally compressed rubber is simply placed in a pocket
formed by a large flat rubber washer solutioned over the flange to the outer
wall of the tube, and a cut or puncture is made through the wall of the tube
a little on one side of the inner vent of the inlet pipe. This forms a most
effective valve. Fig. 5 represents the inlet pipe and cap applied to an air tube
constructed of rubber in its normal state. In this case a round patch or washer
of laterally compressed rubber is solutioned to the wall of the tube. The air tube
is shewn at ; is the round patch of compressed rubber; is the round patch
or washer of rubber solutioned all round to 6 to form the pocket wherein the flanged
inlet pipe i is seated. It may, if so desired be also solutioned round the edges to
the upper and lower walls of the pocket. Z is the slit, cut or puncture made
through the compressed and uncompressed rubber wall of the air tube and forms
the valve. A guard of cork or wood d is put round the inlet pipe where it passes
through the hole in the rim to deaden vibration. Deflation is effected by passing
a pin down the inlet pipe.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The general combination and arrangement of parts constituting an outer tyre
or casing for covering an inner inflatible tube or tubes, and forming a pneumatic
tyre for the wheels of velocipedes and other light vehicles, substantially as set
forth with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 15 of the drawings.
2. The general combination and arrangement of parts constituting an outer tyre

page_text: or casing for covering an inner inflatible tube or tubes, and forming a pneumatic
tyre for the wheels of velocipedes and other light vehicles, substantially as set forth
with reference to Figs. 6, 8, 12, 13, and 14 of the drawings.
3. The application and use in combination with an outer flexible casing adapted
to embrace the inner inflatible tube or tubes and the rim or felloe of the wheel, of
reinforcing wire, flexible bands, or cord folded within the edges for the purpose
of withstanding the strain of spaced fastenings, substantially as set forth.
4. In a pneumatic tyre for the wheels of velocipedes and other light vehicles, the
combination with an inner inflatible tube or tubes, a metal rim or felloe, and an
outer casing the edges of which embrace the edges of the rim, of wire, metal bands,
strips of leather, cord or similar substitutes inserted within the folded edges of the
outer casing, and of spaced projections upon the rim such as are formed by the
spokes, for the purpose of preventing the casing from being twisted or partially
turned round upon the rim.
5. In the wheel of a velocipede or other light vehicle, the combination with the
rim or felloe and an inner inflatible tube or tubes, of an outer flexible casing the
edges of which embrace the rim and are held thereupon by spaced fastenings, such
edges being reinforced by wire, or flexible metallic bands for the purpose of
strengthening securing and maintaining such outer flexible casing firmly in position
on the rim.
6. In the wheel of a velocipede or other light vehicle, a tyre consisting of an
inflatible air tube, and an outer flexible casing having each edge reinforced by wire
or its equivalent folded within it, the said edges of the casing being secured over
the rim by sewing or wiring, substantially as set forth with reference to Figs. 7
and 8.
7. In the wheel of a velocipede or other light vehicle, a tyre consisting of an
inflatible air tube or tubes, an outer flexible casing having each edge reinforced by
wire or its equivalent and detachably secured together over the rim by means of
tying, wiring, buckling, clasping, hooking, or other similar spaced fastenings, sub-
stantially as set forth and illustrated by the drawings.
8. For securing the edges of the outer casing of a pneumatic tyre together over
the rim or felloe of the wheel, the use of wire, flexible bands or cord folded in the
edges in combination with ties, thongs, wire, buckles, clasps, hooks or other similar
spaced fastenings substantially as set forth.
9. In the wheel of a velocipede or other light vehicle, the combination with the
hollow rim, of a solid, cushion or spongy rubber crescent-shaped tyre the edges of
which are reinforced by wire or its substitutes, and embrace the rim and are secured
together over it by sewing, wiring, or by spaced fastenings, substantially as set
forth with reference to Figs. 9, 10, and 11.
10. In the wheel of a velocipede or other light vehicle, a tyre consisting of an
inflatible air tube, an outer flexible casing with wires, or their equivalents folded
in the edges one or both of which are detachably secured together over the rim by
spaced fastenings, such outer casing being provided with elastic gores, substantially
as described.
11. In the wheel of a velocipede or other light vehicle, a tyre consisting of an
inflatible air tube, an outer flexible casing with doubly divided edges, one pair of
which are placed within the rim and one pair of which are secured over the rim,
substantially as set forth.
12. In the wheel of a velocipede or other light vehicle, a tyre consisting of an
inflatible air tube, an outer flexible casing with doubly divided edges, one pair of
which are placed within the rim, and one pair of which are detachably secured over
the rim, or one side of the pair is permanently secured and the other side detachably
secured, such outer casing being provided with a double set of elastic gores con-
nected by a pocket, substantially as and for the purpose set forth with reference to
Fig. 14.
13. The general combination and arrangement of parts constituting my improved
air cap, inlet pipe and valve, substantially as set forth in paragraph 7.

page_text: 14. The device and method of securing the same, for the purpose of obtaining
access to an inner inflatible tube, substantially as set forth with reference to
Fig. 20.
WM. GOLDING.