Improvements in Apparatus for Using Gases for Motive Power.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 30th June, 1899-Accepted, 28th Oct., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Using Gases for Motive Power.
We, JOHN CALLE SCOTT, of Oyster Bay, in the County of Nassau and State
of New York, United States of America, Coal Merchant, and JouN CARLOS
HENDERSON, of 243, West 99th Street, in the City, County and State of New
York, United States of America, Engineer, respectively do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in apparatus
for utilizing incombustible, non-inflammable and non-explosive gases, such as
carbonic acid gas, and other media for the transformation of heat into motive
power and the objects of the invention are to cause the media used to make a
complete continuous operation, assuming in one cycle four phases, namely,
1st. Rarefication or evaporation, produced by heat direct from action of fire,
or from flue gases, waste steam, direct steam, hot water, electric current, or other
well known methods of heating liquids and gases;
2nd. Operation of the motor connected with and operated by the rarefication
and evaporation of the medium employed;-
3rd. Refrigeration and condensation carried on by currents of water, air or
other cooling media through tubes or chambers internal or external;-
4th. Replacement of the medium employed which operation is carried on either
by the motor or by the separate and independent action of the gas or by an
outside application thereof.
The use of carbonic acid as a medium for the conversion of heat into motive
this having been accomplished
power or mechanical motion is not new;
principally by the alternate heating and cooling of the gas, either in a com-
pressed condition or allowed to expand to atmospheric pressure and lost or again
compressed to be returned and worked over again, all of which methods have
been, so far but partially successful.
The invention however, consists in the employment of a complete cycle of four
phases and of continuous operation at and above the liquefaction points; thus
obviating the aforesaid intermitting or alternating operation heretofore prac-
ticed and carried out by others.
In carrying out this invention the carbonic acid gas may be used either alone
or combined with some other liquid or liquids, gas or gases, as water, acetylene,
glycerine, petroleum and air, always at or above the temperature and pressure
of the liquefaction point of carbonic acid gas, through the four phases of different
temperatures, and throughout the one continuous cycle.
The following is a description of the apparatus we employ for operating upon
the gas or liquid elected for use, and for attaining the objects mentioned.
Figure 1 of the drawings is a side view of the apparatus;
Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view through the evaporizer or heater;
Figure 3 is a sectional view of the motor and parts connecting it with the
evaporizer and with the condenser, also a section view of the replacing pump,
and connections thereof; and

page_text: Figure 4 is a sectional view of the condenser and its connections.
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
The rarefier, evaporizer or heater A, is connected at its top and bottom to the
heated air, or gas chamber F, by means of inlets F1, F2, in which are located
dampers I, and the damper 13 in the lower horizontal extended portion of
the heated air or gas chamber F, while damper I is placed in the vertical
extended part of the chamber I, F is the outlet leading from the evaporizer
or heater A.
The damper I is located in the main or body portion of the air or gas chamber
near the lower portion thereof.
The dampers I, I, I, I, are provided, at their pivot point, with arms or
projections, and the damper I2 has connected therewith, at its pivot, a bell-crank
lever, and the said arms and bell-crank lever are connected by suitable links or
rods, by means of which certain dampers may be operated to control the passage
of the heating medium.
The air or gas chamber F may be connected to a furnace or to a waste flue;
the waste gases from boilers, driers, may be utilized by being passed through
the chamber, as well as the waste heat and gases from sugar refineries, and from
other manufacturing plants.
The letter G, represents the by-pass flue connecting the two portions of the
air chamber F3 and F.
Inside of the evaporizer are arranged the fine plates k, k, and a, a, are tubes
through which the gas or liquid employed circulates from the evaporizer to the
motor, from the motor to the elastic cushion c, from the elastic cushion c¹ to the
condenser C from thence to the replacing pump D, through the interchanger E,
which changes the condition of the medium employed to be carried again to
the evaporizer or heater A. P represents a safety valve, upon the by-pass con-
nection P¹ P¹, between the evaporizer A, and the elastic cushion c¹ and the con-
denser C.
3 is the main stop valve, located in the pipe a, leading from the evaporizer A,
to the motor B.
c¹ is an elastic cushion connected with the pipes a, a,
to the condenser C, and P2 is a safety valve in connection with the one of said
leading from the motor B
pipes a, leading from the motor B to the elastic cushion c¹.
C is the condenser through which the water R, or any other cooling agent is
caused to circulate by means of the inlet pipe I, and out of the condenser C
by means of the overflow pipe M to the interchanger E, and thence out through
the overflow pipe o, or the interchanger may be supplied independently with a
cooling agent by means of the pipe m', which passes out through the overflow
pipe o.
D is the replacing pump for returning the liquefied gas from the condenser C
to the evaporizer A, through the interchanger E.
2 is a stop cock in the pipe a, leading from the condenser C to the replacing
pump D, and N is a regulating valve located in the pipe M, leading from the
condenser C to the interchanger E and R represents the water or cooling agent
employed.
The apparatus operates in the following manner :-
Liquid carbonic acid gas, starting in the evaporizer A, under a nearly uniform
pressure, but with rising temperatures, thus causing a continuous and gradually
increasing tension in the cycle of operation, passes to the motor, which takes 5
up as much of this increasing tension directly as is called for, by the outside
resistance or work of the motor, by intermittent charges in a reciprocating or
a continuous flow, as in motor of a rotary or turbine type.
And the gas continuing on, through said pipes a or exhausting into the con-
denser C, below and under a cushion of atmospheric air or gas, in the elastic 5
cushion c¹, is of nearly uniform pressure, but of lowering temperature, thus
gradually decreasing in tension, until the liquid point is again reached, and con-

page_text: tinues on to the replacing pump D, through the interchanger E, to the
evaporizer A, its starting point; and thus completing the cycles of continuous
increasing and decreasing tensions, for power or motive purposes.
The evaporized carbonic acid gas, in its passage from the motor B through
the pipe a, to the condenser C, has exerted upon it a constant, continuous, elastic
downward pressure, by means of the column of atmospheric air, or gas, in the
elastic cushion, c¹, located between and above motor B, and the condenser C
and above the line of travel, of the carbonic gas, each molecule of this gas in
its continuous cycles of travel from the motor B to the condenser C, is ever
subjected to the constant, continuous, elastic and downward pressures of the
column of atmospheric air, or gas, in the elastic cushion e¹.
The gas, employed for motive and power purposes, is heated to about
125 Fahrenheit and to about eighteen hundred pounds pressure, and when
released after having performed the necessary work, is subjected to a constant,
elastic, downward pressure, of about one thousand pounds, it is then cooled,
returned, to be again reheated and reused.
By changing or substituting heated water, or other media, for flue gases, and
air and like agents, the same operation takes place.
This cycle can be made to generate mechanical power from a number of sources,
as for instance, waste heat, from products of gas retorts, exhaust steam from
high pressure engines or waste water from condensing engines, escaping flue gases
after leaving the boilers, before entering the stack, reflected and concentrated
solar rays, in tropical climates, or other equally conditioned situations.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The combination in an apparatus of the character described with an
evaporizer adapted to heat the medium employed by direct action of fire, flue
gas or other heat media, of a motor 1, a condenser C and elastic cushion c¹,
between the motor and the condenser and, adapted to exert pressure upon the
gas exhausting into the condenser, and the replacer pump 1, substantially as
described.
2. In an apparatus for utilizing gases for motive power, and for re-using the
gas in four phases or cycles by means of an increasing and decreasing tem-
perature, the combination of the evaporizer or heater A, the motor B connected
therewith, an elastic cushion c¹ the condenser C, the replacing pump D, and
the interchanger E, substantially as herein shown and described.
3. In a system of utilizing gases for the purpose of obtaining motive power,
the evaporizing heater A, for gradually increasing the temperature under con-
stant pressure substantially as herein shown and described, in combination with
the motor B, the condenser C, the replacing pump D, and the interchanger E,
as herein shown and set forth.
4. A carbon dioxide engine having a cylinder and piston and a carbon dioxide
heating chamber adjacent to each end of the cylinder and in communication
therewith.
5. A carbon dioxide engine having a heating chamber for the carbon dioxide
located adjacent to the cylinder and in communication therewith.
6. In a carbon dioxide engine the combination with a cylinder and piston
therein of a carbon dioxide chamber located adjacent to the inlet to the cylinder
and in communication therewith, and means for heating the contents of said
chamber.
7. In a carbon dioxide engine the combination with a cylinder and piston
therein of a carbon dioxide chamber located adjacent to the inlet to the cylinder
and in communication therewith, a tube within said chamber and a heating
device for heating the carbon dioxide within the chamber.
8. In a carbon dioxide motor the combination with an engine a condenser for

page_text: condensing and liquifying the carbon dioxide and a pump connected with said
condenser and with the heater.
9. In a carbon dioxide motor the combination with an engine of a condenser
composed of an inner and outer receptacle and means for conducting the exhaust
carbon dioxide gases into one receptacle and means for conducting the liquified
carbon dioxide from the other receptacle.
Dated the 30th day of June 1899.
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
322, High Holborn, London, W.C., Patent Agents for the Applicants.