Improvements in Arrangements or Apparatus for Filtering.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 12th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 28th Sept., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Arrangements or Apparatus for Filtering.
I, SAMUEL THOMAS GRESHAM, of the Firm of Heatly and Gresham Limited,
of Calcutta, India, and Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention, a communication to me from abroad
by Harry Heatly of Calcutta, India, Civil Engineer, also of the said Firm of
Heatly and Gresham Limited, to be as follows:-
--
"
The invention relates to apparatus intended more particularly for filtering water
principally for drinking and domestic and other purposes, and relates more
especially to that class of apparatus for filtering. commonly termed "candle filters
in which one or more tubes of suitable porous material (called candles) are used,
such tubes being closed at their upper ends and open at their lower en ls-which
porous tubes usually make a joint with the bottom of the vessel for unfiltered
water (hereinafter referred to as the vessel) within which the porous tubes are
arranged, this bottom of the vessel separating it from a chamber formed below its
bottoin, which chamber receives the filtered water and will be hereinafter referred
to as the chamber.
Such filters are intended more especially to so purify the water that disease
germs, if any, will be separated from it, and will be left upon the exterior of the
porous tubes which are arranged in the said vessel.
The improvements to which this invention refers are more particularly intended
to be applied to apparatus of the class above referred in which the water to be
filtered is under pressure, and in which there is a chamber for filtered water under
the said vessel.
The unfiltered water in ordinary apparatus above referred to, is liable, by
undetectable leakage past bad joints between the porous filtering tubes and the
bottom of the vessel, to pass into and contaminate the filtered water in the said
chamber below.
The object of this invention is such an arrangement or arrangements of apparatus
as will prevent any leakage of unfiltered water to the said chamber, and which
arrangement or arrangements will readily allow leakage 'if any, to be readily
detected.
(a.) The invention may be carried out by various modifications or arrangements
of the ordinary filtering apparatus of the class above referred to.
(b.) The bottom of the vessel is not by this invention, also the top of the said
chamber.
The said vessel and the chamber are separated so that there is an open
space between them, and the two are or may be connected by studs or pillars and
bolts.
(c.) According to one modification the lower open ends of the porous tubes are
each cemented or otherwise secured fluid tight to nozzles of metal or other suitable
material, and these nozzles pass through holes in the bottom of the said vessel, and
there is a screw nut on the nozzle on the underside of the bottom of the vessel so
that when this nut is screwed up, a shoulder on the nozzle above the bottom upon
which there is a packing washer of india-rubber or other suitable material is
drawn down firmly upon the bottom of the vessel, thus making a fluid tight joint
therewith.
The said nozzle on the end of the porous tube comes opposite the upper end of

page_text: a nozzle or tube, hereinafter called the lower nozzle, the lower end of which is
screwed fluid tight into the upper end of the said chamber, and there is a screw
nut on the lower nozzle which is faced with a packing washer of india-rubber or
other suitable material, which nut can be screwed up the lower nozzle to come
against a facing on the nozzle upon the porous tube.
(d.) According to another modification, each porous tube is passed upwards
through a hole in the bottom of the said vessel and the nozzle on its end is formed
with a shoulder to receive a packing washer of india-rubber or other suitable
material to come between it and the underside of the bottom of the said vessel.
The nozzle from the porous tube comes opposite the end of a lower nozzle,
from the said chamber and there is a screw tube upon this lower nozzle which can
screw up against a shoulder on the nozzle of the porous tube and force it upwards
to make a fluid tight joint with the bottom of the vessel by means of the packing
rings or washers.
(e.) According to another modification the nozzle on the porous tube is arranged
as last described (paragraph d) but it is held up against the underside of the
bottom of the said vessel by any suitable locking arrangement connected with the
bottom of the said vessel, and the nozzle of the porous tube and the lower nozzle,
are connected by a tube sleeve of india-rubber or other suitable material.
(7) According to another arrangement, the porous tube and nozzle comes into
and over a lower nozzle or tube from the top of the said chamber and when this
chamber is drawn towards the bottom of the said vessel by bolts connecting the
two, the lower nozzles force the nozzles of the porous tubes upwards, and their
packing rings, which come between shoulders on the nozzles and the underside of
the bottom of the vessel make a tight joint.
(g.) Additional packing rings to those above referred to may be used in each
modification.
(h.) The improvements above described are or may be combined with the said
vessel provided with lids and means of securing the same for cleaning the porous
filtering tubes and are also combined with the ordinary arrangements of such
filters.
Dated this Sixth day of February 1895
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.
Improvements in Arrangements or Apparatus for Filtering.
I, SAMUEL THOMAS GRESHAM, of the Firm of Heatly and Gresham Limited,
of Calcutta, India, and Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention a cominunication to me from abroad
by Harry Heatly of Calcutta, India, Civil Engineer, also of the said Firm of
Heatly & Gresham Limited and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The invention relates to apparatus, intended more particularly for filtering water
principally for drinking and domestic and other purposes, and relates more
especially to that class of apparatus for filtering, commonly termed "candle
filters" in which one or more tubes of suitable porous material (called candles) are
used, such tubes being closed at their upper ends and open at their lower ends,
which porous tubes usually make a joint with the bottom of the vessel for
unfiltered water (hereinafter referred to as the vessel) within which the porous
tubes are arranged, this bottom of the vessel separating it from a chamber formed
below its bottom, which chamber receives the filtered water, and will be hereinafter
referred to as the chamber.
Such filters are intended more especially to so purify the water that disease

page_text: germs if any, will be separated from it, and will be left upon the exterior of the
porous tubes which are arranged in the said vessel.
The improvements to which this invention refers are more particularly intended
to be applied to apparatus of the class above referred to, in which the water to be
filtered is under pressure, and in which there is a chamber for filtered water under
the said vessel.
The unfiltered water in ordinary apparatus above referred to, is liable by
undetectable leakage past bad joints between the porous filtering tubes and the
bottom of the vessel, to pass into and contaminate the filtered water in the said
chamber below.
The object of this invention is such an arrangement or arrangements of
apparatus as will prevent any leakage of unfiltered water to the said chamber, and
which arrangement or arrangements will allow leakage if any, to be readily
detected.
(a.) The invention may be carried out by various modifications or arrangements
of the ordinary filtering apparatus of the class above referred to.
(b.) The bottom of the vessel is not by this invention, also the top of the said
chamber.
The said vessel and the chamber are separated so that there is an open space
between them, and the two are or may be connected by studs or pillars and bolts.
(c.) According to one modification, the lower open ends of the porous tubes are
each cemented or otherwise secured fluid tight to nozzles of metal or other suitable
material, and these nozzles pass through holes in the bottom of the said vessel, and
there is a screw nut on the nozzle on the underside of the bottom of the vessel, so
that when this nut is screwed up, a shoulder on the nozzle above the bottom upon
which there is a packing washer of india-rubber or other suitable material is
drawn down firmly upon the bottom of the vessel, thus making a fluid tight joint
therewith, or the metal nozzle on the porous tube is screw threaded, and screws
into the bottom of the said vessel.
The said nozzle on the end of the porous tube comes opposite the upper end of a
nozzle or tube, hereinafter called the lower nozzle, the lower end of which is
screwed fluid tight into the upper end of the said chamber, and there is a screw nut
on the lower nozzle which is faced with a packing washer of india-rubber or other
suitable material, which nut can be screwed up the lower nozzle to come against a
facing on the nozzle upon the porous tube.
(d.) According to another modification, each porous tube is arranged so as to be
passed upwards through a hole in the bottom of the said vessel and the open nozzle
on its end is formed with a shoulder or collar to receive a packing washer of india-
rubber or other suitable material to come between this shoulder or collar and the
underside of the bottom of the said vessel.
The open end of the nozzle from the porous tube comes opposite the end of a
lower nozzle, from the said chamber and there is a screw tube upon this lower
nozzle which can screw up against a shoulder or collar on the nozzle of the porous
tube and force it upwards to make a fluid tight joint with the bottom of the vessel
by means of the packing rings or washers.
(e.) According to another arrangement, the porous tube and nozzle arranged as
described in paragraph (d), comes into and over a lower nozzle or tube from the
top of the said chamber, and when this chamber is drawn towards the bottom of
the said vessel by bolts connecting the two, the lower nozzle or nozzles force the
nozzles of the porous tubes upwards, and their packing rings which come between
shoulders on the nozzles and the underside of the bottom of the vessel make a
tight joint.
(f) Additional packing rings to those above referred to may be used in each
modification.
(g.) The improvements above described are or may be combined with the said
vessel provided with lids and means of securing the same for cleaning the porous

page_text: filtering tubes and are also combined with the ordinary arrangements of such
filters.
Fig. 1, is a sectional elevation showing part of a porous tube or "candle" with
a metal nozzle cemented or otherwise secured to its lower end and secured to the
bottom of the said vessel for the liquid to be filtered.
Fig. 2, is a similar sectional elevation, showing the metal nozzle screw threaded
and screwing into a screw tapped hole in the bottom of the said vessel.
These two Figures 1 and 2, being according to the modification (c) herein before
referred to.
In Figs. 1 and 2, e, is part of a porous tube or candle; e³, metal nozzle cemented
or otherwise secured to the lower end of the porous tube e; e, a washer of rubber
or other suitable elastic material; a', bottom of the filter vessel through which the
nozzle e³, passes.
In Fig. 1, the nozzle is secured by a screw nut et, screwing on the end of the
nozzle e, below the bottom a¹.
In Fig. 2, the nozzle is screw threaded and screws into a screw tapped hole in
the bottom a', of the vessel.
The lower ends of these nozzles e³, come opposite the upper ends of nozzles from
the upper side of the said chamber as will be readily understood from the
explanation of the modifications to be hereinafter described.
Fig. 3, is a vertical section showing a filter according to another modification of
the invention communicated to me, where a number of porous filtering tubes
commonly termed " bougies" or "candles are arranged in the same vessel which
is to hold the liquid to be filtered.
"
Fig. 4, is a top plan view of the filter shown by Fig. 3, with the lid removed.
Fig. 5, is an elevation of another modification of filter according to the
invention.
In Figs. 3 and 4, a, is the vessel into which the liquid is placed to be filtered;
b, is its lid. The upper part of the vessel a, is made with a flange having a series
of notches cut out of it forming a series of projections a¹, (see Fig. 4) and the lid b,
is made with a flange in a cylindrical projection 6, from its edge which flange has
notches cut out to form a series of corresponding projections 3, so as to pass
through the notches formed in the flange at the upper end of the vessel a, so that
when this lid b, is put on the vessel a, as shown in Fig. 3, and turned about one
eighth of a revolution, each of the projections 62, in the flange on the lid will come
under the corresponding projections a¹, on the flange on the upper edge of the
vessel o, and the lid will thus be held thereon.
3, are two handles secured in the lid for lifting and turning it to fasten and
unfasten the lid.
This lid b, when down, comes against one flange of an india rubber or other
suitable elastic ring e, the other flange of which ring c. is secured by a metal
ring e¹, and screws, to the inside of the upper edge of the cylindrical part of the
vessel a.
In the centre of the lid b, there is a handle, arranged to screw into
the lid with a hole in its axis into which a small tube 66 is inserted, the open end of
this tube passing into the vessel a, the object of this small tube, is to admit
atmospheric air into and allow it to escape from the inside of the vessel.
When
There is a side hole 6, in the tubular boss of the handle 6, which comes above
the top of the lid b, when screwed out sufficiently so that air can pass through this
side hole 6, to the interior of the tube 6, and thus to or from the vessel a.
the handle is screwed down tightly against an elastic washer between the shoulder
on the handle, and the top of the lid b, the communication through the tube b³,
is closed. An ordinary tap inay be substituted for this arrangement.
d, is the inlet for liquid to be filtered which is brought to the vessel a, by a
pipe.
In the bottom of the vessel a, there is a hole for each "candle" or tube of
porous filtering material e, these candle porous tubes are closed at their upper,

page_text: and open at their lower or nozzle ends at which end there is a collar e', on each
"candle.
Each candle e, is passed from the outside of the vessel a, through the hole
for it in the bottom of the vessel a, and there is a washer e², of india rubber or
other suitable material on the candle e, that comes between the upper side of the
collar e', and underside of the bottom of the vessel a, when inserted.
f, is the chamber for filtered liquid, it is a closed chamber except as herein-
after explained.
It has ears at three or more points of its circumference for bolts f¹, by which
it is secured firmly on the underside of the vessel, there being a tube f³, on
each bolt to keep open the space between the chamber f, and underside of the
vessel a, and the two at the correct distance apart.
In the top of the chamber f, there is a hole to come opposite each hole in
the bottom of the vessel a, for the caudles, and in each hole in the chamber, a
nozzle or short length of tube 13, is screwed air tight, and each tube f³, is screw
threaded on its exterior for a tube nut 4, the end of the tubular part of each
screw nut coming against the underside of the collar e', on the candle e, and thus
forces it upwards, and the upper side of the collar against the underside of
the bottom of the vessel a, the elastic washer e², making a tight joint between
them.
This filter may be arranged to stand on three legs g, two of which are partly
shown in Fig. 3, or the filter may be carried or supported in any other convenient
manner.
There is a hole in the centre of the bottom of the vessel a, connected to an
elbow h, for a pipe ', which at its outer end can be closed by a screw plug or
a screw cap, see Fig. 4. This is for allowing liquid to escape from the vessel a,
when it is being cleaned out.
The filtered liquid has its outlet from the chamber f, at f, which outlet may
have a pipe screwed into it so that the filtered liquid may be conveyed to any
desired point.
There is a lip f6, round the edge of the chamber f, which will cause any
leakage which may come on the top of the chamber to drop from it instead of
passing along the exterior of the underside of the chamber to its outlet at f³.
Fig. 5, represents another arrangement.
α,
The vessel
for liquid to be filtered is or may be formed of plate metal by
a cylinder having a ring secured to each end to which end plates are rivetted
or otherwise secured.
The upper plate has a large hole in its centre to give access to the interior of the
filter, and this hole is closed by a lid b, between which and the end plate, there is a
ring of india-rubber or other suitable elastic material c.
The lid b, is secured and pressed against the packing ring c, by the end of a
screw k, screwing through a cross bow k², having its ends in hooks k³, screwed into
the top end plate, so that when the screw k, is unscrewed by the handle k¹, secured
at its upper end, the bow, can be removed, as well as the lid b.
Liquid to be filtered is brought by a pipe to a junction d, secured to the side of
the vessel a.
The candles
Figs. 3 and 4.
e,
of porous material are arranged as described in reference to
The chamber, for the filtered liquid is or may be formed by a funnel part
connected to a top plate by a ring rivetted or otherwise secured one to the other,
and in the upper side of the plate of the chamber f, nozzles f³, are secured fluid
tight, the upper ends of each coming against the underside of the collar e¹, on the
candle and forcing the upper side of the collar against the underside of the bottom
plate of the vessel a, the elastic packing washer e, coming between.
The top of the chamber f, and bottom of the vessel a, are secured together by
bolts f, passing through holes in each there being a tube f2, for each bolt f', to

page_text: pass through, which tube f, at its lower end is or may be secured in the flange
from the chamber f, by rivetting or otherwise.
These tubes, when the chamber f, and vessel a, are bolted together do not
touch the underside of the bottom plate of the vessel a, when screwed up to their
fullest extent.
By this means all the candles e, are firmly secured at the same time when the
bolts, are screwed up.
h, is an outlet which can he closed by a screw plug, this outlet communicates by
a pipe or passage with the interior of the vessel a, and is used to allow liquid to
pass out when cleaning the vessel a.
The vessel a, and chamber f, may be cast or constructed in any other convenient
manner.
Elastic packing rings may be used between the ends of the nozzles and the
shoulder or collar e', on the underside of the candles e, or nozzles upon the lower
ends of the candles e, as in Figs. 1 and 2.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the invention
communicated to me, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare
that what I claim is :-
1. The arrangement of the vessel for unfiltered and for the filtered liquid so that
there will be a space between them substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before described.
"
2. The combination of the vessel for unfiltered and filtered liquid arranged so
that two or more "candles or tubes of porous filtering material can be secured
and arranged substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the drawings.
3. The combination and arrangement of filters substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2, Figs. 3 and 4, and
Fig. 5, of the drawings.
Dated this Tenth day of August 1895.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.