Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 6th June, 1887
Complete Left, 22nd Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 23rd Mar., 1888
We HENRY PERSHOUSE PARKES of Tipton Green Chain and Anchor Works Tipton
in the County of Stafford Chain and Anchor Manufacturer and JOHN HARTNESS of
East Bolton near Newcastle-on-Tyne Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
Invention to be as follows:-
In anchors as ordinarily constructed when the anchor is in action that is when the
arms of the anchor are "atrip" the whole strain is thrown upon the pivot or pin on
which the tripping head carrying the arms and flukes turns. The strain to which the
said pivot or pin is subjected is liable to result in its injury or failure and the object
of our invention is to relieve the said pivot or pin in great part of the strain ordinarily
put upon it or to dispense with the said pin and thereby to make the anchor less
liable to failure or injury than anchors as ordinarily constructed.
In constructing an anchor according to our invention we make in the crown of the
anchor a recess or passage passing through the said crown of the anchor from front
to back. The said passage has a breadth suitable for the reception of that part of the
shank which enters it or such width as shall from time to time be deemed necessary
and the upper and lower faces are inclined to one another at such an angle as to allow
of the arms of the anchor moving upon the shank to the desired angle.
On the end of the shank situated in the recess or passage in the anchor head is a
projection constituting a prolongation of the said shank. The acting faces of this
projection shall be of any form shape or section as may be found necessary.
This projection constitutes a stop which limits the motion of the crown of the head
and arms in either direction. The said projection when the anchor is at working
angle not only forms a stop which limits the motion of the tripping head and arms
but bears upon the inclined edge of the recess or passage with a force which increases
as the strain of the anchor increases. The part of the shank on the other side of or
in front of the pin also acts as a stop pressing when the anchor is at working angle
against the front end of the recess in the anchor head. By the combined pressures of
these stops on the ends of the recess in the anchor head the strain on the pin or pivot
is almost wholly borne by the said parts or stops and risk of injury to the pin or pivot
removed or greatly diminished.

page_text: In order still further to increase the efficiency of the said projection its extreme end
may be provided with overhanging flanges and the recess provided with depressions
so situated and having such a size and shape that when the anchor is in a working
position the said flanges take into the said depressions and by such action still further
relieve the pin or pivot from the pressure of the transverse or shearing strain
consequent on the tensile or working strain applied to the anchor.
When we dispense with the ordinary pin or pivot we make snugs or fixed pro-
jections or pivots on each side of the arm and we make recesses on opposite sides of
the opening in the back of the head of the anchor which recesses permit of the snugs
or fixed pivot being introduced into the head. As the said recesses extend only to the
middle of the opening in the head the fixed pivot can only pass to the proper position
on the head.
To prevent the shank from accidental removal from the head a light pin may be
passed through the solid pivot. Or the recesses described may be filled up after the
introduction of the shank into the head.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Anchors.
We HENRY PERSHOUSE PARKES of Tipton Green Chain and Anchor Works, Tipton
in the County. of Stafford, Chain and Anchor Manufacturer and JOHN HARTNESS Of
East Bolton near Newcastle-on-Tyne Engineer do hereby declare the nature of our
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In anchors as ordinarily constructed when the anchor is in action that is when the
arms of the anchor are "atrip," the whole strain is thrown upon the pivot or pin on
which the tripping head carrying the arms and flukes turns. The strain to which the
said pivot or pin is subjected is liable to result in its injury or failure and the object
of our invention is to relieve the said pivot or pin in great part of the strain ordinarily
put upon it, or to dispense with the said pin and thereby to make the anchor less
liable to failure or injury than anchors as ordinarily constructed.
In constructing an anchor according to our invention we make in the crown of the
anchor a recess or passage passing through the said crown of the anchor from front
to back. The said passage has a breadth suitable for the reception of that part of the
shank which enters it or such width as shall from time to time be deemed necessary
and the upper and lower faces are inclined to one another at such an angle as to allow
of the arms of the anchor moving upon the shank to the desired angle.
On the end of the shank situated in the recess or passage in the anchor head is a
projection constituting a prolongation of the said shank. The acting faces of this
projection shall be of any form, shape or section as may be found necessary.
This projection constitutes a stop which limits the motion of the crown of the head
and arms in either direction. The said projection when the anchor is at working
angle not only forms a stop which limits the motion of the tripping head and arms
but bears upon the inclined edge of the recess or passage with a force which increases
as the strain of the anchor increases. The part of the shank on the other side of or in
front of the pin also acts as a stop pressing when the anchor is at working angle
against the front end of the recess in the anchor head. By the combined pressures
of these stops on the ends of the recess in the anchor head, the strain on the pin or
pivot is almost wholly borne by the said parts or stops and risk of injury to the pin
or pivot removed or greatly diminished.
In order still further to increase the efficiency of the said projection its extreme
end, may be provided with overhanging flanges and the recess provided with
depressions so situated and having such a size and shape that when the anchor is in a
working position the said flanges take into the said depressions and by such action
still further relieve the pin or pivot from the pressure of the transverse or shearing
strain consequent on the tensile or working strain applied to the anchor.
When we dispense with the ordinary pin or pivot we make snugs or fixed pro-
jections or pivots on each side of the shank and we make recesses on opposite sides of
the opening in the back of the head of the anchor which recesses permit of the sings

page_text: ±
or fixed pivot being introduced into the head. As the said recesses extend only to
the middle of the opening in the head the fixed pivot can only pass to the proper
position on the head. To prevent the shank from accidental removal from the head a
light pin may be passed through the solid pivot. Or the recesses described may be
filled up after the introduction of the shank into the head.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents in plan; Figure 2 in side
elevation and Figure 3 in longitudinal section, an anchor provided with stop arrange-
ment and tripping head according to our invention for relieving the pin or pivot of
the anchor from strain when the anchor is at its working position.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1. 2 and 3.
:
a is the shank of the anchor; the shackle which may consist of a ring or swivel;
c is the stock of the anchor, which stock however may be omitted; d d are the arms
of the anchor and e'the tripping head; f is the cross pin or pivot on which the
arms d, d and head e turn, the said pin or pivot passing through the head and shank
as represented; is the prolongation of the shank « at the pivot end the said
prolongation constituting a back stop by which stop in conjunction with the stops
hereinafter described the motion of the head and arms of the anchor on either side the
shank a is limited. The acting faces of the said back stop g are slightly inclined his
the recess or passage in the head of the anchor for the back stopy to work in, the
ends or faces of the said recess being inclined as represented in Figure 3. Against
one or other of the inclined faces i, k in the head one or other of the faces of the back
stop bears when the anchor is at its working angle; n n are openings in the
tripping head by means of which openings the faces of the stops i, k at the ends of
the recess in the said head may be faced and fitted; 1, m are the front stops on the
shank a of the anchor against one or other of which stops or m the head of the
anchor bears when the arms are in their working position.
9
It will be seen by an examination of Figures 2 and 3 that the arms d, d are
represented at their proper working angle on one side of the shank a the back stop g
on the said shank taking a bearing against the stop or part of the head, the other
stop or part of the head taking a bearing against the front stop on the shank.
When the position of the arms d, d is reversed so as to take their proper working
angle on the opposite side of the shank to that represented, the other face of the back
stop bears against the stop or part k of the head and the stop or part of the said
head bears against the front stop m on the shank a. It will thus be understood that
when the anchor is at its working angle, the back stop g on the shank not only forms
a stop for limiting the motion of the tripping head and arms of the anchor but bears
upon the inclined end or edge of the recess or passage in the tripping head with a
force which increases as the strain on the anchor increases. The front stop or m
on the shank at the-same-time presses against the stop or part kori on the tripping
head.
r.
:
By the combined pressures of the stops at the ends of the recess in the anchor head
the strain on the pin or pivot is wholly or mainly borne by the said parts or stops and
risk of injury to the pin or pivot removed or greatly diminished.
:.
Figure represents in plan; Figure 5 in side elevation and Figure 6 in
longitudinal section another arrangement of our invention; Figure 7 represents a
portion of the shank of the anchor.
In this modification the back stop 7 on the shank a has the form represented, that
is, it is provided with overhanging flanges and each end of the recess in the tripping
head is provided with a depression of such a size and shape that the overhanging
flange on the stopy will seat itself in the said depression for the purpose herein before
-pointed out. In this modification snugs, bosses or projections tt are made on opposite
sides of the pivot end of the shank the said bosses or projections constituting a solid
pivot which is introduced into the head through recesses at u, u made in the said
head. These recesses only pass to the required distance in the opening of the head
so that the fixed pivot t only passes to its proper position in the head. A light pin
may-be passed through the solid pivot or projection and head of the anchor to
prevent the shank from accidental-removal from the head. It will be, seen, by an

page_text: examination of the Drawing that the arms d, d of the anchor rotate upon the solid
pivot tin taking their proper working angle and the strain on the said pivot is
relieved by the back stop bearing against the tripping head at the same time that
the front stop on the shank is bearing against the opposite end of the tripping head as
before described with respect to Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Figure S represents in plan; Figure 9 in side elevation and Figure 10 in
longitudinal section an anchor constructed according to our invention in which a back
stop only is employed.
The back stop is of the construction herein before described with respect to the
arrangement Figures 1, 2 and 3 and corresponding parts are marked with the same
letters of reference. The parts of this anchor however are so constructed as to render
it impossible for dirt mud, stone or other material to interfere with the efficiency of
the anchor when in use. In anchors of this kind, the arms are ordinarily held at
their working angle by forming an opening or recess in the front of the tripping head
and one of the sides of the said opening or recess falls upon or engages with the shank
of the anchor when the arms are in action. In this the ordinary arrangement the
anchor is liable to become inoperative owing to the mud, sand or stones getting into
the opening or recess referred to and thereby preventing the arms of the anchor
taking the working angle. By constructing the parts in the manner represented in
Figures 8, 9 and 10 this defect is remedied as the end of the shank a and the opening
in the tripping head are so constructed that nothing injurious to the anchor's action
can pass into the tripping head at the parts a, a Figure 10.
We do not limit ourselves to any particular sectional figure of the arms d, d
shank a and the stop or stops; for example the front stops may have the forms
represented in Figures 11. 12. 13 and 14 and the arms of the anchor the sectional
forms represented in Figure 15 and the shank the sectional forms represented in
Figure 16.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed we declare that we claim
as our invention of "Improvements in anchors
"
First The combination of the shank of the anchor having front and back stops
with a tripping head of the construction hereinbefore described and illustrated in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the accompanying Drawings for relieving the strain
from the pin or pivot when the arms of the anchor are at their working angle or
position substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly Constructing the fixed pivot of the anchor in the form of bosses,
shoulders or enlargements at the sides of the pivot end of the shank for the tripping
head and arms of the anchor to turn upon, the said tripping head being constructed
to receive the said solid pivot of the anchor substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly The construction of the tripping head and the combination with it of the
single back stop on the shank of the anchor or the single front stop herein before
described and illustrated in Figures 89, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the accompanying
Drawings whereby the entrance of mul stones or other obstructive material into the
tripping head is prevented and the action of the arms of the anchor not interfered
with.
n
1