AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN CULINARY AND CHEMICAL UTENSILS AND VESSELS
Year: 1833

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHRIS-
TOPHER PIGGOTT BANCKS, of Bewdley, in the County of Worcester, Brass
Founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day of June, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-three, and in the fourth year of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Christopher Piggott Bancks,
His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Christopher Piggott Bancks, my exors, adññors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Christopher Piggott Bancks, my exors, adñors, or assigns,
shall at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CERTAIN CULINARY AND CHEMICAL UTENSILS AND VESSELS;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Christopher
Piggott Bancks, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, pår-
ticularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters

page_text: Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Christopher Piggott Bancks, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof
(that is to say):-
My improvement in the Manufacture of certain Culinary and Chemical
Utensils and Vessels consists in protecting or strengthening such vessels when
made or formed of zinc, and are intended for utensils or vessels of capacity,
and to be submitted to the action of fire in boiling liquids, or to be used for
any other similar purpose where they are likely to be injured by heat. And
my improvement in strengthening and protecting such vessels consists in
casing or covering them, either wholly or partially, with thin sheet copper,
iron, tin plate, brass, either soldered or rivetted to the vessels, and which I
perform in several different ways. That which I most prefer for vessels of
small capacity I shall first describe.
I make or construct a shell or outer casing from thin sheet copper,
iron, tin plate, brass, or other thin sheet metals, of the proper size and
shape required, either by hammering, stamping, or raising, or by uniting
the sides and bottom by rivetting, soldering, or otherwise. I then cover the
inside of this shell or outer casing with tin in the ordinary manner of
tinning. I then place into the tinned shell or case a core suspended or placed
in such a way as to leave a small space all round it between the surface of the
core and the inside of the case or shell,. the width of the space being of the
thickness of metal required to form the inner vessel. I then run or cast into
the space zinc in a state of fuzion, which fluid zinc will melt or fuse the tin
on the inside of the case or shell, and cause it to act as a solder between the
zinc and the shell or casing, and cause the two to adhere firmly together, and
after the zinc has become cold and hard the core is removed and the inside of
the vessel turned to produce a smooth surface in the usual way, and then the
handles, spouts, or other outer parts may be attached by rivets in the ordinary
manner. In some instances I have found it desirable to alloy the zinc with
a small portion of tin, say 10 per cent., by which the zinc is made closer in
grain and does not contract so much in cooling, and may be worked with
greater facility, but the same will melt at a proportionably less temperature.
When constructing vessels of larger capacity the contraction of the thick
body of zinc in cooling would cause it to be drawn away from the inside of the
case or shell. I therefore, when. constructing such vessels, cast the zinc into
the proper shape required, separate from the shell or outer case, and after

page_text: preparing its outer surface by turning I cover it with a coat of tin, and then
place it into the shell, also previously tinued on the inside, both the vessel and
the shell being made hot enough to fuse the tin, which on cooling will cause
them to adhere firmly together; or, instead of casting the vessels separate from
the shell, I sometimes construct them out of rolled sheet zinc, and unite the
parts by solder or otherwise, and then tin the outside, and place them within
the case or shell, as above described. My intention in thus strengthening or
protecting vessels of capacity when made of zinc is, to prevent the melting or
burning of the vessels at the parts where the handles or spouts are attached to
them, which has hitherto been the case in vessels made of zinc, and has therefore
prevented their use in common. I therefore sometimes make my improved
vessels with only a broad hoop of thin sheet copper or other metal casing
placed round the upper part of such vessel, and unite it to the zinc by tinning
or soldering or by rivets, as may be thought best, as shewn by the Figure
drawn in the margin of these Presents, which is a view of an ordinary shaped
stewing pan, a being the zinc vessel, and 6 the rim of sheet copper or other
metal, which hoop of copper or other thin sheet metal (which will not melt
but at a considerably greater degree of heat than the zinc vessel) will sufficiently
protect the zinc vessel, and prevent it melting at the parts near the handle,
unless submitted to a greater degree of heat than necessary; and after these
hoops are connected to the vessels I attach the handles, spouts, &c. to the
vessel by rivets passed through both the zinc and the thin metal in the
ordinary manner.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which it is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim,
or intend to claim, as my Invention any of the parts which are old or have
been before used, or any of the parts separately; and I would observe, that
I am aware that efforts have been made to use zinc in washing the inner
surfaces of vessels in like manner to tinning. I therefore lay no claim to such
using of zinc. But I do claim as my Invention, as an improvement in the
Manufacture of Culinary and Chemical Utensils and Vessels, the strengthen-
ing and protecting the inner vessel by the outer casing in the manner above
described when such vessels are formed of zinc, as above described; and I
verily believe that this my Specification does, in all and every respect, comply
with the proviso contained in the above in part recited Patent.
In witness whereof, I, the said Christopher Piggott Bancks, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of August, One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-three.
CHRISTOPHER PIGGOTT (L.S.) BANCKS.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-ninth day of August,
in the year of our Lord 1833, the aforesaid Christopher Piggott Bancks
came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged
the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and
specified, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-three.