IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR DRYING MOULDS
Year: 1865

page_text: . LETTERS PATENT to Henry Cochrane, of Ormesby Iron Works, Middles-
borough-on-Tees, in the County of York, Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR DRYING MOULDS."
Sealed the 9th January 1866, and dated the 15th November 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Cochrane at the
office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1865.
I, HENRY COCHRANE, of Ormesby Iron Works, Middlesborough-on-Tees
in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR DRYING MOULDS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has reference to an arrangement of stoves for drying moulds
described in the Specification to certain Letters Patent granted to Alexander
Brodie Cochrane, junior, and Archibald Slate, for "Improvements in the
Manufacture of Iron Pipes or Tubes," bearing date the 3rd January 1850,
No. 12,918. The said stove consisted mainly of a wrought-iron casing open
at bottom and closed at the top, which was placed over the moulds to be
dried, so as to enclose the same, the moulds being placed in an upright
position. Upon the top of this casing was formed a fire-place or furnace, the
flames and hot gases from which were conducted through a flue passing down
Price 8d 1

page_text: inside the vertical mould, which flue was open at bottom, so that the flames
and hot gases after passing down issued from the same partly into the space
inside the mould and partly through openings formed in a stand upon which
the mould was placed into the space between the outside of the mould and the
before-mentioned casing surrounding the same, whence the hot gases after
passing upwards escaped through one or more apertures formed in the closed
top of the casing. By thus bringing the flames and hot gases directly after
leaving the furnace in close contiguity with the top of the mould the latter
became overheated, and consequently greatly deteriorated.
Now one part of my present Invention consists in causing the flames and
hot gases, instead of passing into a flue inside the mould as described, to
pass first into a vertical flue running down either in the space between the
outside of the mould and the surrounding casing, or formed against the outside
of the casing, which flue is made to communicate at bottom with one or more
other flues formed in the plate or foundation upon which the mould or moulds
stand, and which open into the space inside the mould or moulds, so that the
flames and hot gases after passing through the before-mentioned flues, and
having thus given off a great portion of their heat, are then made to enter into
and pass up through the space inside the mould or moulds, whence they
escape together with the steam from the moulds through apertures in the top
of the casing formed immediately over such spaces. By this arrangement the
moulds are acted upon more equally by the heat, and are not deteriorated as
heretofore, inasmuch as the exterior of the moulds are protected from the
intense heat radiated from the before-mentioned vertical flue by the mould
boxes in which they are enclosed. By this arrangement I am also enabled
more readily to dry a number of pipes or other hollow moulds in one stove by
placing the vertical flue in a central position, communicating at bottom with
a number of horizontal flues radiating therefrom and opening into the spaces
inside the moulds arranged round the central flue. Where the moulds are of
large dimensions a plate is by preference fixed at a slight distance over the
opening of the horizontal flue, so as to spread the flames and hot gases against
the sides of the mould on issuing from the flue.
My improved arrangement of drying stove is also applicable for drying
moulds that are not hollow, as before described, in which case the before-
mentioned horizontal flues are so arranged and provided with perforations as
to distribute the hot gases equally, and to cause them to rise through such
perforations in all parts of the casing surrounding the moulds, after ascending
through which space they escape at top, as before described; or in place of
the horizontal flues I simply form a perforated double bottom to the base

page_text: upon which the moulds stand, into the space in which double bottom the hot
gases are made to pass from the vertical flue, and whence they are made to
rise into the casing through the perforations.
Another part of my Invention consists in fixing the fire-place or furnace of
the stove against the side of the casing, either at the bottom of the same or
at any intermediate point of its height, instead of fixing the same upon the
top, as heretofore, by which arrangement I am enabled more conveniently to
employ the stove for drying moulds that are situated upon the floor of the
foundry instead of in pits. In this arrangement the flames and hot gases are
either conducted directly into the space between the exterior of the moulds
and the casing, and after ascending in such space are made to pass down
through the interior of the moulds, if these are hollow, and to escape through
flues communicating at bottom with such internal space; or if the moulds
are not hollow the gases are allowed to escape through openings in the top of
the casing; or, again, the flames and hot gases may be conducted first
through a vertical flue either inside or outside the casing to the top of the
latter,, where they are conducted through branch flues into the spaces inside
the moulds, if these are hollow, whence they escape through flues at bottom,
as before described; or if the moulds are not hollow the gases issue from
the vertical flue at top into the surrounding casing, a double top having
apertures being by preference provided, into the space between which and the
top of the casing the gases are made to pass, in order to cause them to be
distributed as much as possible, and the space inside the casing is made
to communicate at bottom with one or more flues through which the gases
escape.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Cochrane in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
May 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
COCHRANE, of Ormesby Iron Works, Middlesborough-on-Tees, in the County
of York, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Henry Cochrane, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Cochrane, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry

page_text: Cochrane, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR
DRYING MOULDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry
Cochrane, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Cochrane, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention has reference to an arrangement of stoves for drying moulds
described in the Specification to certain Letters Patent granted to Alexander
Brodie Cochrane, junior, and Archibald Slate, for "Improvements in the Manu-
facture of Iron Pipes or Tubes," bearing date the 3rd January 1850, No. 12,918.
The said stove consisted mainly of a wrought-iron casing open at bottom and
closed at the top, which was placed over the moulds to be dried, so as to enclose
the same, the moulds being placed in an upright position. Upon the top of
this casing was formed a fire-place or furnace, the flames and hot gases from
which were conducted through a flue passing down inside the vertical mould,
which flue was open at bottom, so that the flames and hot gases after passing
down issued from the same partly into the space inside the mould and partly
through openings formed in a stand upon which the mould was placed into
the space between the outside of the mould and the before-mentioned casing
surrounding the same, whence the hot gases after passing upwards escaped
through one or more apertures formed in the closed top of the casing. By
thus bringing the flames and hot gases directly after leaving the furnace in
close contiguity with the top of the mould the latter became overheated, and
consequently greatly deteriorated.
Now one part of my present Invention consists in causing the flames and hot
gases, instead of passing into a flue inside the mould as described, to pass first
into a vertical flue running down either in the space between the outside
of the mould and the surrounding casing, or formed against the outside of the

page_text: casing, which flue is made to communicate at bottom with one or more other
flues formed in the plate or foundation upon which the mould or moulds stand,
and which open into the space inside the mould or moulds, so that the flames
and hot gases after passing through the before-mentioned flues, and having
thus given off a great portion of their heat, are then made to enter into and
pass up through the space inside the mould or moulds, whence they escape
together with the steam from the moulds through apertures in the top of the
casing formed immediately over such spaces. By this arrangement the moulds
are acted upon more equally by the heat, and are not deteriorated as hereto-
fore, inasmuch as the exterior of the moulds are protected from the intense
heat radiated from the before-mentioned vertical flue by the mould boxes.
in which they are enclosed. By this arrangement I am also enabled more
readily to dry a rumber of pipes or other hollow moulds in one stove by
placing the vertical flue in a central position, communicating at bottom with
a number of horizontal flues radiating therefrom and opening into the spaces
inside the moulds arranged round the central flue. Where the moulds are of
large dimensions a plate is by preference fixed at a slight distance over the
opening of the horizontal flue, so as to spread the flames and hot gases against
the sides of the mould on issuing from the flue.
My improved arrangement of drying stove is also applicable for drying
moulds that are not hollow, as before described, in which case the before-
mentioned horizontal flues are so arranged and provided with perforation's as
to distribute the hot gases equally, and to cause them to rise through such
perforations in all parts of the casing surrounding the moulds, after ascending
through which space they escape at top as before described; or in place of
the horizontal flues, I simply form a perforated double bottom to the bed upon
which the moulds stand, into the space in which double bottom the hot gases
are made to pass from the vertical flue, and whence they are made to rise into
the casing through the perforations.
Another part of my Invention consists in fixing the fire-place or furnace of
the stove against the side of the casing, either at the bottom of the 'same or
at any intermediate point of its height, instead of fixing the same upon the
top as heretofore, by which arrangement I am enabled more conveniently to
employ the stove for drying moulds that are situated upon the floor of the
foundry instead of in pits. In this arrangement the flames and hot gases are
either conducted directly into the space between the exterior of the mould
and the casing, and after ascending in such space are made to pass down
through the interior of the moulds, if these are hollow, and to escape through
flues communicating at bottom with such internal spaces, or if the moulds

page_text: are not hollow the gases are allowed to escape through openings in the top of
the casing; or, again, the flames and hot gases may be conducted first through
a vertical flue either inside or outside the casing to the top of the latter, where
they are conducted through branch flues into the spaces inside the moulds, if
these are hollow, whence they escape through flues at bottom as before
described; or if the moulds are not hollow the gases issue from the vertical
flue at top into the surrounding casing, a double top having apertures being by
preference provided, into the space between which and the top of the casing
the gases are made to pass, in order to cause them to be distributed as much
as possible, and the space inside the casing is made to communicate at bottom
with one or more flues through which the gases escape.
On the accompanying Drawings are shown several modifications of drying
stoves constructed according to my Invention.
Figures 1 to 3 on Sheet I. show one arrangement; Figure 1 shows a plan
of the same; Figure 2 shows a sectional elevation on line X, X, Figure 3;
and Figure 3 shows a sectional plan of this arrangement.
A is the casing, and B is the furnace, provided with a blast b, and constructed
as heretofore, but instead of the flames from the latter passing down pipes or
flues situated inside hollow moulds C, they are caused to pass down a vertical
flue D fixed to the top of the casing outside the moulds, the lower end of
which flue passes into the funnel-shaped opening E, leading into the horizontal
flues F, F, formed in the bed upon which the moulds rest, and from which
flues the hot gases pass through the openings f, f, into the interior of the
moulds C, a plate G being by preference fixed over the openings f when the
moulds are of large diameter, in order to spread the hot gases as much as
possible against the surfaces of the moulds. These gases after passing up
through the moulds and drying them pass away through openings H in
the top of the casing. In this arrangement the casing is made to contain
two mould boxes of large size.
Figures 4 and 5 show respectively a plan and an elevation, partly in section,
of a similar arrangement, in which the casing A is constructed to contain a
number of smaller moulds C, C, which are by preference arranged in a circle
as shown, with the flues F, F, radiating from the central flue D. For drying
moulds that are not hollow in the before-described arrangement of my
improved stoves, I either form the horizontal flues F, F, with perforations
all over their upper surfaces, through which the hot gases are made to
rise equally throughout the casing; or instead of the flues FI form a double
bottom on the bed perforated upon its upper surface, into the space between
which double bottom the gases are made to pass from the flue D.

page_text: Figures 6 and 7 on Sheet II. show respectively a sectional elevation and
sectional plan of an arrangement in which the furnace B, in place of being
fixed on the top of the casing A, as heretofore, is fixed at the bottom on one
side of the same, which arrangement is preferable when the moulds are not
situated in pits. In this case the flames and hot gases pass directly into the
casing A through the opening a, and after ascending in the same in the space
outside the hollow moulds C, they are caused to pass down again through the
interior of the moulds, whence they escape through the flues F; or where
this arrangement is employed for drying moulds that are not hollow the hot
gases, after passing up through the casing, are allowed to escape through
openings formed in the top, in which case also the furnace would be provided
with a passage, as indicated in dotted lines, communicating at bottom with
flues F, or with a double bottom provided with perforations.
Figures 8 and 9, Sheet II., show an arrangement similar to the foregoing
one, but instead of the hot gases being made to pass from the furnace B
directly into the casing A, they are made to ascend through a flue D fixed
outside the casing, and to enter the space D₁ formed by the double top d of
the casing, whence the gases pass through openings E into the interior of the
moulds C; from these the gases escape through the flues F formed in the
bed into the flue F' in the side of the casing. In order to distribute the
gases equally throughout the double top of the casing, the flue D from the
furnace is made to communicate with the same by means of two branches as
shown.
Figure 10, Sheet II., shows a sectional elevation of a similar arrangement
to that just described adapted for drying moulds that are not hollow, for
which purpose the double top d is formed with perforations all over its surface
as shown, and the bed is formed with a perforated double bottom f, through
which the gases escape into the space F, and thence into the flue F' as
before.
In employing the various arrangements of stoves herein-before described,
the moulds are first placed upon the bed, the casing being removed, and the
latter is then placed over them by means of cranes or travellers.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which it is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that what I claim in
respect of the said "Improvements in Stoves for Drying Moulds" is,-
First, so arranging portable stoves for drying hollow moulds that the
flames and hot gases are caused to pass from the furnace on the top of the
casing first down through a flue outside the moulds, and then through
horizontal flues into the interior of the moulds, substantially as herein-

page_text: before described with reference to Figures 1 to 5 on Sheet I. of the
accompanying Drawings.
Second, adapting such stoves as described in the first claim to the drying of
moulds that are not hollow by forming the horizontal flues in the bed with
perforations, also by forming the bed with a perforated double bottom,
substantially as described.
Third, constructing portable stoves for drying hollow moulds with the
furnace fixed at the side of the casing in place of at the top, and causing the
flames and hot gases to pass directly into the space between the exterior of
the moulds and the casing, and thence down through the moulds and into
flues formed in the bed, substantially as herein-before described with reference
to Figures 6 and 7 on Sheet II. of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth, adapting such stoves as described in the third claim to the drying
of moulds that are not hollow by forming openings in the top of the casing,
and causing the furnace to communicate with perforated flues or spaces formed
in the bed of the stove, substantially as herein-before described.
Fifth, constructing portable stoves for drying hollow moulds with the
furnace fixed at the side of the casing, and causing the flames and hot
gases to pass first through a flue or flues fixed to the side of the casing into
a space formed in the top of the same, whence they pass through openings
down through the interior of the moulds and into horizontal flues formed in
the bed, substantially as herein-before described with reference to Figures 8
and 9 on Sheet II. of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth, adapting such stoves as described in the fifth claim to the drying of
moulds that are not hollow by forming the double top with perforations all
over its surface, and forming similar perforations in the flues or double bottom
of the bed, substantially as herein-before described with reference to Figure 10
on Sheet II. of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Cochrane, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
HENRY COCHRANE. (L.S.)