Improvements-in-or-in-connection_with Churns or Vessels such as are Used for Carrying Milk on Railways, or for other purposes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 23th June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 29th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 24th May, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements-in-or-in-connection_with Churns or Vessels such as
are Used for Carrying Milk on Railways, or for other purposes.
1, THOMAS HENRY CASE of North Elmham, Norfolk, Farmer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to. be as follows:-
or
This invention relates to large milk cans such as are known as "churns"
vessels such as are used for carrying milk on railways or for other milk holding or
carrying purposes and parts of my present invention are applicable to other
purposes or uses besides milk cans and my present invention embraces three
separate points of improvement in or in connection with such cans or vessels
viz. :-
(1) In connection with means for drawing off the milk or other liquid contained
in such can or vessel by a tap which can be readily inserted into the can when same
is full such tap being adapted when screwed into the can to simultaneously 'remove
a specially devised screw plug (which together with a loose collar normally closes
the outlet or socket formed to receive such tap) without permitting escape of the
milk or other liquid contained in said 'can.
(2) In connection with the handles of such can or vessel so that same can be
readily attached or detached as desired and such detachable handles also serving
the double purpose of assisting to keep the coating or outer cover of the can in
position when used.
(3) In connection with an outer cover or removable coat of any suitable non-
conducting material which in conjunction with a double lid or other suitable
tightly fitting lid will serve to keep the contents of such can or vessel practically
air tight.
Also my present invention relates to other minor details of improvement all of
which will be fully set forth and described hereinafter.
16
"
For the sake of brevity I shall hereinafter refer to milk cans churns or other
vessels to which my present invention is wholly or in part applicable as cans
and to the coat or outer covering of any suitable non-conducting material as
"felt."
DRAWING-OFF ARRANGEMENT.
In the side of the can near the bottom or at any other convenient point a suitable
outlet is provided which can be bushed with metal or otherwise suitably formed
and having a screw thread right through same this outlet being formed as a female
screw parallel sided (is non-tanering) right through

page_text: The casing of non-conducting material consists of a hood or coat which entirely
encloses top and sides of the can to the form of which it approximately corresponds
the open end of this hood advantageously having a strap and buckle mounted so as
to draw same in tightly round the bottom edge of the can and also a strap and
buckle may be mounted towards the top part of this hood to draw same tightly
round the can to further assist in keeping the contents of the can air-tight.
To place this hood in position the aforesaid detachable handles are removed the
hood is then placed over the can apertures being formed in the hood to permit the
crossbar of said handles to pass therethrough into the horizontal tube which carries
said handle bar (and also an aperture is provided for the top) and upon screwing
up the said handles upon said handle bar thereby this outer casing is further
secured at about its middle portion.
The bottom of the can may have a piece of felt permanently affixed or mounted
thereon with any suitable shoe or wearing surface to prevent same being rubbed or
torn off in use.
The mouth of the can may be closed by the ordinary lids as at present in use
or may have a double lid arrangement to assist in keeping the contents air-tight.
By placing filled milk cans (constructed according to my present invention) in a
refrigerating chamber or other very cool place the milk is reduced to a very low
temperature and thereupon same can be forwarded to their destination and will-
by reason of this coating of non-conducting material-remain in almost the same
cold condition or in a very cool condition for very many hours and for a much

page_text: longer period than heretofore in cans of the ordinary description. Besides keeping
the milk cool in warm weather my improved can will also keep same warm in cold
weather.
It will be obvious that part of my improvements may be used as desired without
necessarily using the whole.
2 T
Improvements in or in connection with Churns or Vessels such as
are Used for Carrying Milk on Railways, or for other purposes.
I THOMAS HENRY CASE of North Elmham, Norfolk, Farmer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to large milk cans (known as "churns") or vessels such
as are used for carrying milk on railways or for other milk holding or carrying
purposes or for other purposes or uses besides milk and my present invention
embraces three separate points of improvement in or in connection with such cans
or vessels viz. :-
(1) In connection with means for drawing off the milk or other liquid contained
in such can or vessel by a tap which can be readily inserted into the can when
same is full such tap being adapted when screwed into the can to simultaneously
remove a specially devised screw plug (which together with a loose collar normally
closes the outlet or socket formed to receive such tap) without permitting escape of
the milk or other liquid contained in said can.
(2) In connection with the handles of such can or vessel so that same can be
readily attached or detached as desired and such detachable handles also serving
the double purpose of assisting to keep the coating or outer cover of the can in
position when used as well as a means of lifting or carrying said can &c.
(3) In connection with an outer cover or removable coat of any suitable non-
conducting material or materials which in conjunction with a double lid or other
suitable tightly fitting lid will serve to keep the contents of such can or vessel
practically air tight.
Also my present invention relates to other minor details of improvement all
of which will be fully set forth and described hereinafter.
<<
"
For the sake of brevity I shall hereinafter refer to milk cans churns or other
vessels to which my present invention is wholly or in part applicable as cans
and to the coat or outer covering of any suitable non-conducting material (either
with or without other material or materials for instance waterproof material) as
the "jacket."

page_text: Pug
the outlet like that shown in Figs. 2, 3 & 5.
WILL DO SOLOW T
Fig. 8 is a local view-showing another arrangement of securing the detachable
handles into or onto the can.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout.
:
DRAWING-OFF. ARRANGEMENT.
In the side of the can a near the bottom or at any other convenient point a
suitable outlet b is provided which can be bushed with metal or otherwise suitably
formed and having an internal screw thread right through same this outlet. being
formed as a female screw parallel sided (i.e. non-tapering) right through...
Into this female screw I screw a closely fitting plug c the sides of which are
formed as a male screw (also non-tapering) and the back end of which has either a
slot or slots or a projection or projections or other arrangement thereon for instance
a tongue d..
Before filling the can this plug c is screwed into the socket and a loose collar
such as e is then screwed up on that part of the male screw outside the can which
is not passed into the female screw-a washer or other suitable means being.
advantageously provided to make a liquid tight joint and if desired a means may be
provided for receiving a seal on this plug c (or other suitable means may be pro-
vided) to detect opening of same in transit or other improper opening or tampering.
therewith.
A. tap 9 is provided of any suitable construction but having the back end or
inlet of said tap specially constructed to correspond and fit as a key or counterpart
to the aforesaid slot or tongue for instance slotted at f to fit over the tongue d at.
the back of the said plug the screw thread g' on this tap g being advantageously
tapered or otherwise suitably arranged so that when screwed in the said female
screw or can outlet b it will form a liquid tight joint.
The operation of the drawing-off apparatus is as follows:-
On arrival at its destination or whenever desired to draw off the contents of the
can the aforesaid loose ring e is slacked back and removed and the plug c is
screwed in towards the inside of the can by means of the aforesaid specially
constructed back end groove f of the tap g interlocking with the tongue d on the
plug and thereby revolving the latter (see Fig. 3) until the plug c is thus screwed
right through the socket and drops into the interior of the can a the tap ginean-
time taking the place of the plug c in the said socket with which latter it makes a
liquid tight joint and as soon as the plug has thus been removed out of the way the
contents can be drawn off through said tap 9 the insertion of which can be thus
effected while the can is full of liquid without permitting escape of such liquid.
DETACHABLE HANDLES.
Instead of permanently attaching the handles to cans in the manner heretofore
usual for instance as in the ordinary railway milk cans-I arrange and mount the
handles as follows:-
A tube i is mounted horizontally right across the body of the can a from side to
side so that the oven ands of said tha
'

page_text: permanently (as shown in the drawings) or removably attached a suitable flange or
loose washer or washers m or both being inserted between said handle 7 and the
cover of the can a if desired and the other end k₁ of this 'bar k (which projects
from the other side of the can) is screw threaded or otherwise suitably formed to
receive and retain thereon the second handle n-a flange or washer or washers (or
both) m also being used on this side if desired.
By this means I am enabled to form very strong handles which can be readily
removed and replaced as desired and this arrangement will be found especially-
advantageous-for use in combination and acting in conjunction with a
NON-CONDUCTING OUTER COAT OR JACKET.
The cover or casing of non-conducting material consists of a hood or coat o
(which may either be formed of felt or other suitable non-conducting material
alone or may advantageously have on the outside a covering of waterproof material
and also on the inside thereof so as thus to prevent said felt or non-conducting
material from becoming wet or clogged with milk or dirt) which entirely encloses
the top and sides of the can to the form of which it approximately corresponds
the open end of this hood advantageously having a strap p and buckle g mounted.
so as to draw same in tightly round the bottom edge of the can a and also a strap r
and buckles may be mounted towards the top part of this hood o to draw same
tightly round the can a to further assist in keeping the contents of the can
air-tight.
To place the hood o in position the aforesaid detachable handles In are removed
the hood is then placed over the can apertures being formed in the hood to permit
the crossbar k of said handles to pass therethrough into the horizontal tube i which
carries said bandle bar k (and also an aperture is provided in said hood o for the
tap) and upon screwing up the said handles upon the handle bar thereby this cover o
is further secured at about its middle portion-admission of air (in between the
can and jacket) through these handle openings being entirely prevented by the
washers m (advantageously of leather or rubber or both or equivalent) being tightly
screwed by the handles.
The bottom of the can may have a piece of felt (or other suitable non-conducting
material) permanently affixed or mounted thereon with any suitable shoe or wearing
surface to prevent same being rubbed or torn off in use-for instance a sheet of
felt t with an outside bottom plate or false bottom u fixed in the can to protect said
bottom felt t.
As an obvious modification instead of the handle bar k passing through a tube i
right across the can-each handle may be fixed on a short rod and (as shown in
Fig. 8) be separately screwed into an internally screw threaded socket w
respectively mounted on each side of the can a or other equivalent means of
mounting the handles may be adapted as desired.
The mouth of the can may be closed by the ordinary lid as at present in
use or may have a double lid arrangement to assist in keeping the contents
airtight.
By placing filled milk cans (constructed according to my present invention)
advantageously with the hoods or covers o removed-in a refrigerating chamber or
other very cool place the milk is reduced to a very low temperature and thereupon
(after the hoods are replaced and the handles affixed &c.) same can be forwarded
to their destination and will-by reason of this coating of non-conducting material
-remain in almost the same cold condition or in a very cool condition for very
many hours and for a much longer period than heretofore in cans of the ordinary
description.
Besides keeping the milk cool in warm weather my improved can will also keep
same warm in cold weather.
It will be obvious that part of my improvements may be used as desired without
necessarily using the whole for instance the screw-through plug c may be dispensed

page_text: with and instead thereof I may use an ordinary plug such as shown in Fig. 7 which
would have to be screwed outwards to remove same from the outlet b (instead of
inwards as with plug c) the can being tilted or laid on its side in this case to prevent
Joss of any of the contents while thus inserting the tap g or if desired such outlet b
may be dispensed with altogether and the milk or contents removed from the can
through the same opening by which the can is filled or in any other suitable
manuer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination with a large can or vessel such as is used for carrying milk
on railways of an outer cover or jacket consisting of a hood o and bottom covert of
non-conducting material or non-conducting and other materials adapted to fit said
can closely a strap and buckle on said hood to fasten same closely round the lower
part of said can and another strap and buckle to fasten said hood near the top
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before described and
represented in the drawings hereunto annexed.
2. A large can or vessel for the purposes described having an outer cover of
non-conducting material or non-conducting and other materials adapted to fit said
can or vessel in combination and acting in conjunction with detachable handles
adapted to be readily secured to or released from the body of said can.
3. A large can or vessel for the purposes described having an outer cover of
non-conducting material or non-conducting and other materials adapted to fit said
can or vessel in combination and acting in conjunction with detachable handles
adapted to be readily secured to or released from the body of said can substantially
in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
4. The combination with a large can or vessel for the purposes described of
detachable handles such as 1 & n adapted to be readily secured to or released from
the body of the can such as a and an outer cover such as o having apertures therein
adapted to be secured in position on the can by said handles passing through said
apertures and closing the latter practically air tight substantially in the manner
and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated in the drawings hereunto
annexed.
5. A large can or vessel for the purposes described having a tube such as i
mounted rigidly and in a liquid tight manner horizontally across same a handle bar
such as k adapted to pass through said tube from side to side of said can and
handles such as l & n one or both of which is adapted to be readily detached or
attached to said bar k substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before
described and illustrated in the drawings hereunto annexed.
6. The combination with a large can or vessel for the purposes described of a
parallel sided outlet or passage therefrom internally screw threaded a parallel
sided externally screw threaded plug adapted to fit said female screw threaded
outlet means provided on the outer end of said plug to enable said plug to be
revolved and means provided on the back end of the draw-off tap or draw-off
appliance to engage with said outer end of the plug and rotate the latter and
thereby force same out of said outlet right into the interior of the can while
inserting the said draw-off appliance in said outlet.
7. The combination with a large can or vessel for the purposes described of an
internally screw threaded parallel sided outlet such as a parallel sided screw plug such
as c adapted to screw into said outlet ba loose collar such as e a projection such as d on
the end of said plug and a groove such as formed on the screw threaded end of a
draw off tap adapted to fit over said projection d on such plug c and thus screw
the latter out of the said outlet right into the interior of the can while inserting
said tap in said outlet all substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein before described and illustrated in the drawings hereunto annexed.
8. A large can or vessel for the purposes described having an outer cover of

page_text: non-conducting material or non-conducting and other materials adapted to fit said
can or vessel in combination and acting in conjunction with detachable handles
adapted to be readily secured to or released from the body of said can a parallel
sided internally screw threaded outlet or passage from said can a parallel sided
externally screw threaded plug adapted to fit said outlet and means provided on
the back end of a draw-off tap or draw-off appliance to interlock or engage with
the outer end of said plug in said outlet and rotate the latter and thereby screwing
said plug out of said outlet right into the interior of said can when inserting the
said draw-off appliance in said outlet.
9. The combination with a large can or vessel for the purposes described of
detachable handles such as & n adapted to be readily secured to or released from
the body of the can such as a an outer cover or jacket consisting of a bottom tand
a hood such as o the latter having apertures therein and adapted to be secured in
position on the can by said handles passing through said apertures and closing the
latter practically air tight a parallel sided outlet or passage such as b internally
screw threaded a parallel sided plug such as c adapted to fit said outlet and means
respectively provided on the outer end of said plug and on the back end of the
draw off tap or draw off appliance by which the latter will interlock or engage with
the former and revolve same while inserting said draw off appliance in said outlet
whereby said plug is screwed out of said outlet and drops loose in the interior of
the can all substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described
and illustrated in the drawings hereunto annexed.
10. The herein described improvements in or in connection with cans or vessels
such as are used for carrying milk on railways or for other purposes substantially
as set forth and illustrated in the drawings annexed.
CM1 100:
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.