IMPROVEMENTS in the Manufacture of FUEL
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Clemitson, of 13, Paternoster Row, in
the City of London, and John Deere, of 16+, St. Mary-at-Hill, in
the City of London and County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"
'IMPROVEMENTS in the Manufacture of FUEL.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Clemitson and
John Deere at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd October 1870.
We, THOMAS CLEMITSON, of 13, Paternoster Row, in the City of
London, and JOHN DEERE, of 16, St. Mary-at-Hill, in the City of
London and County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
artificial fuel from small coals.
For the purpose of manufacturing such artificial fuel we mix carbonate
of lime (or powered chalk) with silicate of soda or potash and small

page_text: coals, and we then add to them a solution of chloride of calcium,
chloride of alumina, chloride of iron, or sulphate of alumina, or
sulphate of iron, with the object of converting the soluble silicate of soda
into silicate of lime, iron, or alumina, as the case may be; by this
means and under certain mechanical appliances we obtain blocks of
considerable hardness.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Clemitson and John Deere in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 3rd April 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
CLEMITSON, of 13, Paternoster Row, in the City of London, and JOHN
DEERE, of 16ª, St. Mary-at-Hill, in the City of London and County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said Thomas Clemitson and John Deere, Her special licence
that we, the said Thomas Clemitson and John Deere, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas
Clemitson and John Deere, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL,”
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Clemitson
and John Deere, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Clemitson and John
Deere, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in

page_text: what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to
say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
artificial fuel from small coals, charcoal, sawdust, or allied substances.
In order to manufacture artificial fuel of any suitable form or mould
the mixture of materials of which the fuel is to be composed is put
into a mould in any suitable machine capable of affording the pressure
required. The fuel is composed of a mixture of coal dust or small
coal, carbonate of lime, soluble silicate of soda, or other silicated alkalie
and which mixture may afterwards be treated with sulphuric acid or a
solution of chloride of calcium, chloride of magnesium, chloride of
aluminium or other soluble salt of an alkaline earth or in combination
with powdered chalk (carbonate of lime) and sulphuric acid in order to
insure as far as possible the conversion of the soluble silicate into an
insoluble silicate of lime or other alkaline earth or of aluminium or iron
and sulphate of lime. The use of chalk or carbonate of lime is a
necessary element as itself is chemically acted on by the silicate, alkali,
and sulphuric acid, when the chlorides of any of the alkaline earths are
used we prefer to use it at a temperature near the boiling point, or
when sulphuric acid is used we prefer to use it of a specific gravity of
1.200.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, we wish it to be
understood that we do not confine ourselves to any precise details so
long as the peculiar character of the Invention be retained, but what
we do claim is the combination of alkaline silicates with the chlorides of
any of the alkaline earths, and the combination of small coal &c., with
carbonate of lime and sulphuric acid.
In forming the fuel herein described, we proceed as follows:-We
usually take from two to four per cent. of the silicate of soda in solution
and the same proportions of the chlorides of the alkaline earths also in
solution, the quantity required varying according to the size of the coal,
from 4 to 5 per cent. of carbonate of lime, and from 3 to 4 per cent. of
sulphuric acid, and mix the whole in any suitable apparatus at the
ordinary temperature when the mixture is thoroughly incorporated,
it is then submitted to pressure in suitable moulds and dried in any
convenient manner.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the mode
of carrying the same into effect, what we claim and desire to be secured
to us by Letters Patent is, the said Invention for the improvements in
the manufacture of fuel, substantially as herein described or any mere
modification thereof.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Clemitson & John Deere,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirtyieth day of
March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-one.
THOMAS CLEMITSON. (L.S.)
JOHN DEERE.
(L.S.)