matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Astley Hardinge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1876.
HENRY ASTLEY HARDINGE, of the Army and Navy Club, Pall Mall, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES."
My Invention relates to what are known as "roller skates" for use on rinks;
and consists in the employment of fixed balls or spherical projections in con-
junction with hollow moveable halls or spherical thimbles arranged in such a
manner that the evolutions are performed by the hollow ball turning around a
vertical axis under the action of the foot in describing a curve.
According to one mode of carrying out my Invention, I form on or attach to
a footstep or soleplate two vertical pendent projections, the lower end of each
of which is made of a hemispherical shape whilst their upper part is cylindrical
so as to form an axis. Around each of these hemispheres 1 fit a hollow sphere,
which is provided with an aperture at its upper part so as to fit round the
cylindrical portion of the projection and turn round the same, whilst at its lower
part its internal periphery is in contact with the exterior of the hemisphere and
its external periphery bears upon floor of the rink.
In using the skate the operator by the act of moving his foot in a curvilinear
direction causes the hollow spheres to turn round their vertical axes, whereby the
skate is caused to describe a curved course, which may be varied as desired at the
will of the operator.
The hollow spheres may be made in two parts for the facility of fitting them
over the hemispheres and of cleaning, and they may be provided with a
renewable facing at their lower part, and the hemispheres may also be provided
with renewable portions if required, so as to admit of the parts subject to wear
being removed and replaced when necessary without sacrificing the whole of the
apparatus.
PROVEMENTS IN COMBINED TRAVELLING BAGS AND BOXES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Russell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1876.
JOHN HENRY RUSSELL, of Kingsland Road, in the County of Middlesex.
PROVEMENTS IN COMBINED TRAVELLING BAGS AND BOXES."
«IM-
The objects of this Invention are so to fit and arrange a travelling bag and a box
that they can be used either separately or combined as one article, and in the latter
case the contents of both bag and box can be got at when required, but so that one
cannot be detached from the other without first opening one of them. For this
purpose I make the bottom of the bag detachable from the box lid. I form the lid
of the box with, say, two parallel grooves running along the top thereof; the said
grooves are made dovetailed or otherwise wider at the bottom than at the top.
The bottom of the travelling bag I form or fit with, say, two pairs of corre-
sponding projections or feet, or knobs, which are placed and formed so as to fit in
the grooves of the box lid. I prefer to run the grooves lengthwise of the box
and bag.
In order to secure the bag to the box I fit the bottom of the bag with one or
more spring catches which drop into the lid of the box (or vice versa). In order
then to detach the bag from the box it is necessary first to open the bag and
release the catch or catches, after which the bag can be slid off the box (or vice
versa, the catches may be released by opening the box lid).
The arrangements may also be reversed, that is, the grooves might be formed in
the bottom of the bag and the knobs on the box lid.
Instead of the aforesaid grooves and corresponding projections, one, say, the bag,
may be fitted with two parallel rails with projecting flange on one side, and I form
the box lid with corresponding projections or catch appliances which fit or may be
thrown into or under the rail flanges; but prefer to carry out this Invention in
the mode herein first described, as I have found it simple and efficient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Smyth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1876.
RALPH SMYTH, of Winchester, in the County of Hants, Retired Lieutenant-
Colonel of Her Majesty's Indian Army. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in roller skates, whereby the
skater is enabled to turn easily and rapidly in any curve he chooses to describe,
and also to skate backwards and forwards or to right and left with great facility,
the action of the front and rear rollers being always in unison to suit any curve by
means of a compensating motion applied to them, the friction of the various parts
being reduced to a minimum. To effect these objects I apply rollers to the sole
plate of the skate beneath the heel and ball of the foot by adjusting them in holders
or guides with axes working therein; the top plates of the holders are secured to
vertical pivots, each held by a head which is screwed firmly to the under side of
the stock of the skate, so that the roller and holder are free to turn on such pivot
which terminates with a screw thread, and enters a small under plate on the holder,
and thus secures the holder to the stock and affords a swivel or castor motion.
The rollers are made in one piece, or in three vertical sections, the outline of the
periphery being somewhat of a barrel shape, or the middle of the roller may be flat
and the sides oblique or tapering, similar to the tyre of a wagon wheel. By this
arrangement it is evident that when the skater leans to one side the tendency of
the rollers will be to take a curvilinear path, which if continued would meet itself
and describe a circle.
Now since it would be necessary that the front and rear rollers should always be
in the same relative positions to produce the desired result I connect the roller
plates or holders together by means of two diagonal tie bars or rods, which are
jointed at their four extremities with the four corners of the holder plate, crossing
each other midway between the rollers beneath the stock plate of the skate. The
consequence is that in whatever direction the front rollers are turned by the motion

page_text: of the skater, the diagonal junctions will cause the rear rollers to assume a similar
angle (but reversed) in order to follow the curve traversed by the front rollers.
A flat spring is made to project from each holder, and to pass between or within
a stop piece, the object being to aid the return to the straight position of the rollers.
Small friction rollers are applied to the holders to assist their travel under the a
stock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TACKS OR CUT NAILS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Boulton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1876.
"
ALFRED BOULTON, of Leeds, in the County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TACKS OR CUT NAILS."
My improvements have reference to self-acting apparatus employed for feeding
the screeds or strips of metal to the cutters, and are as hereafter described.
The feed apparatus is arranged by preference in a similar manner to that
described in the Provisional Specification of David Grimshaw, dated September
22nd 1873, No. 3099. In combination with the apparatus therein described I
impart an intermittent longitudinal reciprocating motion to the feed tube or barrel
which brings back the clamp stick or rod (carrying the screed") clear of the
cutter after every stroke thereof, which allows the cutter to rise without coming in
contact with the "screed," and has the effect of preserving the sharpness of the
cutter. The longitudinal intermittent reciprocating motion is imparted by means
of a tappit arrangement and is conveyed to the feed tube by suitable connecting
rod or rods. The "screed" is brought up to the cutter by means of the weight
described in the herein-before mentioned Specification for keeping the "screed" up
to its work.
By the above described arrangement a regular feed is obtained, producing thereby
a nail of perfectly uniform size and shape.
AN IMPROVED PLATE WARMER AND REFRIGERATOR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Liddicott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1870.
PHILIP LIDDICOTT, of Muswell Hill, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED
PLATE WARMER AND REFRIGERATOR."
This Invention has for object the production of apparatus for the use of
"butlers" and others, for expeditiously heating or warming plates," side dishes,"
pastry, or the like, and providing a supply of hot water for table use, or the
apparatus may be used for refrigerating or cooling purposes.
A box or case mounted on a stand or otherwise is lined with sheet metal, and is
divided into four compartiments, one of which serves as a tank for hot or cold water
or refrigerating compound; a second compartment fitted with removable fluted
fillets serving to hold the plates or articles to be warned or cooled; a third
compartment of shallow dimensions serves as a strainer for the plates, and a fourth
compartment arranged beneath the last named shallow compartment, is fitted with
a door and constitutes a closed hot or cold receptacle. Between the second and third
mentioned compartments is a double partition, and at the top of said partition is
hinged a rack which is free to be turned on its hinge to cover either the second or
third compartment, and may be used as a strainer or plate rack.
Pipes lead from the several compartments, and are fitted with taps to draw off
the contents or waste waters, and heat is given from a lamp or gas arranged
beneath the apparatus.
i
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Spencer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1876.
JOHN SPENCER, of Euston Road, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARRIAGES."
"
The improvements relate to four-wheeled carriages for roads, both closed and
open, and consist for closed carriages in lessening the draught by bringing the
wheels closer together and in so arranging the seat of the driver that he shall have
a full and uninterrupted view of the luggage receptacle on the roof, and may,
without descending from his seat open and close the door or doors, and in some
cases the windows. Also in shortening the body and reducing the weight and
material used. And for open carriages consists in converting existing "Victorias
into partially closed carriages, or making carriages that shall have the back part and
seats a "Hansom" body, and the front part with seats and driving scat a "Victoria"
body; further, in making the front seat to fold down when not in use. Also in the
use in combination with the above improvements or some of them of my improved
window, intended more especially for Hansom cabs, and for which I secured Letters
Patent, No. 3912, dated 11 November 1875.
The improvements for closed carriages may be performed by placing the driving
seat behind and placing the fore and aft wheels as close together as possible, using
a cranked or partially cranked axle. Also in placing a door or doors at back on
one or both sides of the driver, with fasteners at the top of such doors as well as in
the usual place for such.
And for partially open carriages using with the back or "Hansom" part my
improved windows patented as aforesaid in such manner that the occupant or the
driver can open and close the said windows.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATCH WAYS ADAPTED FOR LOADING AND SELF-TRIMMING VESSELS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Davidson Kerr, of Bishopwearmouth, in the County
of Durham, Staithmaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HATCH WAYS
ADAPTED FOR LOADING AND SELF-TRIMMING VESSELS."
Sealed the 11th July 1876, and dated the 21st April 1876.
ROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Davidson Kerr at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1876.
JAMES DAVIDSON KERR, of Bishopwearmouth, in the County of Durham,
HATCHWAYS ADAPTED FOR LOADING AND
Staithmaster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN
SELF-TRIMMING VESSELS."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in hatchways adapted for loading
and self-trimming vessels when being loaded with coal, broken stones, grain, or other
freight. These improvements relate more particularly to the extended or continuous
hatch ways of the vessels, and the improvements have for their object and consist in
the narrowing and lessening of the length of such hatchways at the top with reten-
tion of the full width and length at the bottom for the purpose of giving additional
strength to this part of the vessel and of affording a smaller mouth or opening (but
amply sufficient for the purposes of loading and unloading), and consequently less
exposure of the coal, grain, or other cargo to deterioration from the action or effect
of the sea or weather.
These advantages and objects are attained by constructing the side and end
combings of the hatch ways with longitudinal and transverse partial covering plates,
projecting inwards from the vertical part of the said combings, and also by con-
structing an inner or additional combing in such a manner as to lessen the opening
into the hatch way at its top, but not so as to diminish the size of the hatchway at
its bottom. Thus every facility is still given for loading and unloading, and
for carrying the same quantity of cargo as hitherto, but there is less exposure
thereof to the effects of the weather or sea, and the ship is made more seaworthy.
With this addition thus made there will be a double combing, either at the sides or
ends of the hatchway or completely round it.
rn

page_text: In the construction of the longitudinal plate and combings I prefer the use
of iron, but do not restrict myself to the use of this or of any other suitable
material.
I also claim the adaption of the use of the longitudinal plate above mentioned
with or without the additional combing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1876. A communication from
Henry Maey, residing at Zurich, Switzerland.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Agency, of Frankfort-
on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR
RAILWAY CARRIAGES." A communication.
This Invention relates to railway brakes, which have brake blocks of steel or
wrought iron united by flat springs, and fastened by the latter to the body of the
carriage. At the lower ends of the springs pressure rods are fastened, which are
united to a stationary rotating axle.
Besides the levers for the pressure rods, the said axle is also provided with a lever
for a drawing rod. The latter is at the other end hinged to a rod on the connecting
part, of which there is arranged a hook-like piece. The last named rod is at
its other end united by a balancing lever, with a rod which has a projecting piece.
Above these rods a hand lever with a handle is fastened to the body of the
carriage. The said hand lever has for its purpose to lower the brake, the brake is
automatically arrested. The aforesaid iod which has the projecting piece is united to
another rod, which is held by two bearings fastened to the lower body of the
carriage. To the last named rod is united another rod which on its outer end is
toothed, in order that the force of the brake may be transferred to a second
carriage. Between the bearings of the aforesaid rod is fixed a small helical
spring, which after the lowering of the brake will bring back the rods to their
former position.
If the action of the brake is limited to one carriage only, the balancing lever and
the toothed rod may be dispensed with, and the hinged rod is to be united imme-
diately to the rod with the projecting piece.
Another lever and a counter lever are fixed to the body of the carriage The
said counter lever is provided with an adjustable weight and cord pulley. Over the
latter is passed a cord, which on its way is further led by two pulleys, and through
iron pipes to the ends of the carriage where it is for ordinary use fastened to any
convenient part of the carriage. The continuity with the cord of the carriage
reaching from the last carriage to the place of the driver is effected by small hooks
and eyes.

page_text: A bolt is arranged in combination with the lower end of the aforesaid counter
lever behind the hook-like projecting piece of the rod to support the drawing rod
and the rod connected therewith, which when not supported by this bolt, sink by
their own weight until they are supported again by the same bolt; an excentric
is fixed to the carriage axle, and when moved forward the same moves the whole
of the rods by pressing on the said bolt, in consequence whereof the flat springs
are bent and the brake blocks pressed against the wheels
IMPROVEMENTS IN GETTING, BREAKING, AND BLASTING COAL OR OTHER MATERIALS BY MEANS OF THE BURSTING OF CARTRIDGES BY THE APPLI- CATION OF AIR, EXPANSIVE EARTHS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Marsh at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July 1876.
SAMUEL MARSH, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Colliery
Commission Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GETTING, BREAKING, AND BLASTING COAL
OR OTHER MATERIALS BY MEANS OF THE BURSTING OF CARTRIDGES BY THE APPLI-
CATION OF AIR, EXPANSIVE EARTHS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
My Invention is for the getting, blasting, and breaking coal or other substances
by means of the bursting of cartridges by the application of air, expansive earths,
and other substances, whereby the accidents arising from the use of detonating
substances are prevented.
The way I accomplish the said Invention is twofold,-
Firstly. When I employ air or other substances that can be compressed and
made to increase the pressure by reason of an outside agency until fracture ensues.
Secondly. When I employ expansive earths and chemicals by filling the cartridge
with the expansive substance sealed at both ends, and accomplish the required
result from the expansive substance inside the cartridge without any external
agency.
For the first part of my Invention a cartridge or casing composed of cast iron,
earthenware, or other brittle substance in the form of a cylinder is inserted in a
hole bored in the material to be displaced, having a pipe inserted sufficiently long
to project from the face of the material, which is connected with an apparatus or
machine such as the ordinary force pump, by means of strongly connected pipes,
and the pressure increased until the breakage of the cylinder or cartridge ensues,
thus breaking the coal or rock. The thickness of the cylinder, casing, or cartridge,
is regulated according to the amount of power required for getting the material
being acted upon. The hole in which the cartridge is placed is filled with ramming
as when the breaking, blasting, or getting is accomplished by the detonation of
gunpowder.
When I employ expansive earths and chemicals, as a mixture of lime and
sulphuric acid (commonly known as vitriol), I place the mixture in a prepared

page_text: hole made by boring, and then closed up so that the force of expansion is con-
fined, or for the sake of convenience I sometimes place the prepared mixture in a
cartridge or cylinder similar to that above described, except that it is sealed or
securely fastened at both ends, and made of less thickness.. In this method of
carrying out my said Invention I also fill the hole with ramining as in the first
method described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINING IRON AND STEEL WIRE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hibell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1876.
WILLIAM HIBELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Wire Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINING IRON AND STEEL WIRE."
In manufacturing guides for coal and other pits, colliery ropes, telegraph wire,
telegraph cables, and fencing, and in other manufactures, it is often necessary in
order to obtain wires of the required length to join two or more lengths of wire
together end to end, and this in ordinarily done by the process of welding. But in
welding together wire of iron or steel the metal is frequently so injured during the
welding process that the junction formed is very weak, and the wire is liable to
break at the welded part.
The object of my Invention is to remedy the defect described and to produce
wires of iron and steel of any required length, having at the joined parts a strength
equal to that of any other part.
In joining wires of iron and steel according to my Invention I shape those ends
of the wires which are to be joined together in the following manner:-I cut away
a portion of the end of each wire so as to give it a semi-cylindrical figure, the said
cut away portion extending about an inch from the end of the wire. The extreme
ends of the wires may terminate in planes at right angles to the axis of the wire,
but I prefer to incline each end so as to give it a wedge shape, the thin end of the
wedge terminating in the axis of the wire. When I thus incline the ends of the
wire I make the shoulders terminating the cut away parts of an under cut figure,
so that the wedge-shaped end of one wire when the ends of the two wires are fitted
together shall engage with the under cut shoulder of the other wire. The ends of
the wires thus shaped I connect together by the process of brazing or hard soldering,
and the junction formed has a strength equal to that of any other portion of the
wire.
In wires of small diameter I prefer to give to the ends to be joined an inclined
figure simply; that is, I cut or otherwise form on each of the ends to be joined a

page_text: plane making but a small angle with the plane in which the axis of the wire is
situated. The two plane inclined ends are joined by hard soldering or brazing.
Although in practice I have found that planes of about an inch in length formed
on the ends of the wires answer very well, yet I do not limit myself to the use of
these proportions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY ENGINES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO EXHAUSTING, FORCING OR RAISING, AND MEASURING FLUIDS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Cyrus Garside, of Glossop, in the County of Derby, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY ENGINES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO
EXHAUSTING, FORCING OR RAISING, AND MEASURING FLUIDS."
Sealed the 16th September 1876, and dated the 21st March 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Cyrus Garside at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1876.
CYRUS GARSIDE, of Glossop, in the County of Derby.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROTATORY ENGINES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO EXHAUSTING, FORCING OR RAISING, AND
MEASURING FLUIDS."
The principle of this Invention consists in causing the steam to press against
vanes or pistons on the periphery of a flanged pulley, the pulley revolving within a
cylinder, which is fixed. A block fixed to the cylinder, and fitting steam-tight in
the periphery of the pulley, confines the steam so that it must act on the pistons
and force the wheel round. The space between the periphery of the pulley and the
cylinder is rendered steam-tight by means of ordinary rings; the pistons and block
also are rendered steam-tight by means of plates pressed to their seats by springs.
When steam is the motive power to allow it to work expansively it may be cut
off by means of an ordinary cut-off valve, or it may pass. from the first to one or
more similar engines to work expansively, as in an ordinary compound engine; the
steam will then pass to the condenser.
The number of the pistons may be increased, the number of the steam ports to
be increased in the same ratio.
The pistons are pushed out of the way of the blocks by means of a pair of cams,
the form of which may be altered so as to move the pistons in and out more than
once in one revolution of the engine. The engine is easily reversed by a slide
valve.
For measuring fluids the machine at every revolution will discharge a quantity
equal to the capacity of the space in the periphery of the wheel, less the quantity
displaced by the two piston plates. This will be the case whether the machine is
propelled by the fluid or whether the machine is made to force the fluid.

page_text: ing Fluids," substantially as the same is herein-before set forth and described and
illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Cyrus Garside, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord Ono
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
WILLIAM BUCKLEY,
Sint. Mary Road,
Glossop.
CYRUS GARSIDE. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF OXIDES OF IRON, SO AS TO RENDER THEM MORE SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF IRON
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Duncan McKechnie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December 1876.
DUNCAN MCKECHNIE, of Saint Helen's, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF OXIDES OF IRON, SO AS TO RENDER
THEM MORE SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF IRON."
This Invention relates to the treatment of residual oxides of iron, and more par-
ticularly to that known as purple ore, or oxide resulting from the combustion,
calcination, or burning of iron pyrites, which, as is well known, is obtained in a
finely divided condition, and is therefore not well adapted for direct employment in
the blast furnace, and this Invention consists in submitting the oxides of iron after
lexiviation (subsequent to the separation of copper and silver from the residues of
burnt pyrites) to the action of an elevated temperature in a kiln or kilns constructed
in the following manner, so as firstly to effect the desiccation of the same, and,
secondly, the agglomeration of the finely divided iron oxide-The kiln is composed
of any suitable number of chambers all capable of being placed as required in or
out of communication with a flue for the passage of the products of combustion by
opening or closing dampers below, each of which chambers are constructed any
desired number of fire-places or chambers, the same being separated from the main
chamber by a floor or partition. In this floor are formed a series of apertures which
admit of the heated gases and products of combustion from the fire-places ascending
into the interior of the chamber.
Before charging the incorporated materials into the kiln or chamber, the same
being uncovered or partially so, planks, slabs, or cores composed or constructed of
wood or other suitable material are placed vertically over the apertures in the floor,
and after the kiln or chamber has been charged the planks, slabs, or cores are with-
drawn, and the kiln or chamber having been covered or closed with the roof, the
heated air and gases ascend into the interior of the kiln or chamber, the spaces left
by the withdrawal of the planks, slabs, or cores forming flues for the traverse of
such heated air and gases.
The firing or heating of the contents of the kiln or chamber is continued until the
incorporated materials assume the desired consistency, when the agglomerated
material may be allowed to cool, and be then broken into the desired size or forms

page_text: suitable for being employed in a blast furnace or otherwise for the production of
iron.
In order to effect such cooling process and to utilize the residual heat I prefer
to cause air to pass through the passages of the consolidated iron ore, and I
employ the same for effecting the desired object, viz., that of agglomerating the
washed ore contained in a separate chamber or kiln in the manner herein-before
described.
FASTENERS FOR APPAREL."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Upton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July 1876.
WILLIAM UPTON, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester.
FASTENERS FOR APPAREL."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention consists of a fastener to take the place of buttons, and consists of
a stud with a shank having a collar thereon to prevent the cloth going right up to
the stud head. This shank below the collar is screwed, and is pushed through a
hole in the cloth, and a nut (with moderately sharp edges so as nut to form an
obstruction) is then screwed on. The collar and face of the nut are made with
nearly similar contours, but coming together rather closer at the edges than at any
other point so as to firmly grasp the cloth. The nut can be driven by means of
two holes in it, and a double pin, key, or any other convenient manner. It will be
seen at once that the stud can be of any plain or ornamental material or design,
and that the collar can be cast on or be loose or threaded with a sleeve on the
screw, and that the shank can be attached to the stud or head in any conceivable
way, instead of being cast on.
Among the most conspicuous advantages of my fastener are,―
1st. That it will not have a constant tendency to tear the cloth as in the case of
suspender buttons.
2nd. It can be taken off a worn out article of dress and adjusted at once to
another.
And, 3rd. That it can be made extremely ornamental even for coat buttons, as
the nut can be made of same color as the cloth, and even enveloped in it if
desirable, and thus be unobservable. When used as an ordinary working man's
button if the shank head and collar be not made in a single brass casting or in two
pieces, and the shank rivetted on, the head or stud is made of bone, iron, or other
material, and the shank rivetted on or armed with a head projecting over the stud
and threaded through it. In which case the collar is screwed, brazed, or threaded
with a sleeve on the shank.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARVESTERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
A com-
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1876.
munication from abroad by Benjamin Franklin Jackson, of Pittsfield, in tho
County of Pike and State of Illinois, United States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HARVESTERS."
This Invention relates to a harvester platform which is composed of a series of
pivoted slats turned flatwise to present a smooth surface while receiving the cut
grain, and turned edgewise when the grain is to be discharged by means of
mechanism as herein-after more fully set forth.
The platform upon which the grain falls when cut is composed of a longitudinal
bar hinged to the rear of the finger bar, and a series of slats which are pivoted at
their front ends to the rear edge of this longitudinal bar. The slats are made
thin their entire length, except immediately at their front ends, where they aro
made a little narrower and sufficiently thick to admit of the pivots boing fastened
therein, and and the slats are so arranged that when they are turned flat they are
close together, forming, as it were, a platform without openings through it upon which
the grain falls when cut, thus preventing the scattering of any heads that would
The slats are
with an open platform fall through when the grain falls upon it.
attached loosely near their inner ends to a connecting bar by links or staples. The
inner end of this bar is attached to a crank which formed on one end of a shaft
which has its bearings in suitable loops, or their equivalents, attached to a hand
lever secured on and projecting from the inner end of the platform bar.
This lever
is to be operated by the driver at suitable intervals by means of a treadle or other
On the outer or
suitable device connected to it, and arranged on the draft frame.
rear end of this shaft is a fork which straddles a roller mounted on the side of the
main frame of the harvester.
The operation is as follows:-The platform is held clevated at a suitable angle
to receive the grain as it is cut, and when in this position the slats lie flat side
by side as above described. When a sufficient quantity of grain has been
collected on the platform the driver by means of the hand lever and the devices
connected thereto, allows the weight of the grain on the platform to depress
it. During this downward novement of the platforın, one prong of the fork
[Doving 371

page_text: striking the roller turns its shaft, which by means of the crank and connecting
rod turns the slats about their pivots, so that when the platform is at its lowest
point the slats are presented edgewise to the stubble, allowing the latter to project
up between them and drag off the grain from the platform.
In the act of raising the platform again the slats are closed by the other prong
of the fork striking the roller and turning the shaft back again to its former
position.
TO MACHINERY FORCE WH L, WEIGHT WHICH IS THE FURTHER DISTANCE FROM THE FULCRUM BEING CAPABLE OF EXERTING A GREATER POWER THAN THE OTHER ACCORDING TO THE LENGTH OF SUCH DISTANCE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Vavasour at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1876.
WILLIAM EDWARD VAVASOUR, Hazlewood, Tadcaster, Yorkshire. "THE AP-
PLICATION TO MACHINERY OF THE FORCE WHICH IS GENERATED BY THE ACTION
OF GRAVITY ON WEIGHTS SUSPENDED AT EACH END OF LEVER, THE WEIGHT
WHICH IS THE FURTHER DISTANCE FROM THE FULCRUM BEING CAPABLE OF
EXERTING A GREATER POWER THAN THE OTHER ACCORDING TO THE LENGTH OF
SUCH DISTANCE."
A machine by which motion is imparted through means of the power exerted by
the leverage action of a bar passing through the centre of a body, the bar having
attached to its extremities weights which acted upon by the force of gravity pro-
duce a downward motion of that extremity of the bar which is the further from the
centre of the body; which bar acting as a lever at a right angle about such centre
(or fulcrum) imparts to the body a rotatory motion. The addition of several of such
bars and weights, and of levers to bring them when spent again into action, causes
the motion to be continuous. This obtained, is capable of regulation to any power
required, according to the greater or less weights applied and the greater or less
length of the bar from the centre of the body. This mechanism is applicable to all
kinds of machinery where motion is required.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF LOCKING THE NUTS ON BOLTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gilbert Murray and Robert Turnley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1876.
GILBERT MURRAY, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Land Agent, and ROBERT
TURNLEY, of Elvaston, in the County of Derby, Mechanic. "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF LOCKING THE NUTS ON BOLTS."
My improvements consist in employing a washer of a special form in combination
with a nut, also of special construction. The washer, which may be circular, has on
its lower side a nob or projection which is to be forced or otherwise let into the
surface of the structure, while on the upper side numerous through grooves or
channels are cut, forming chords with the circumference of the washer. Six of such
grooves will form a geometrical pattern like unto the clerical symbol of Trinity in
Unity and Unity in Trinity.
The nut is of the usual form except that its under side is grooved to counterpart
the washer. When screwed up any groove in the washer is made to correspond
with any groove in the under side of the nut, the two grooves forming a square
tube or aperture into which a key being driven, the nut is prevented from turning
so as to work loose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOLLEN OR OTHER FIBROUS SUB- STANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Whiteley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1876.
WILLIAM WHITELEY, of the Firm of William Whiteley and Sons, of Lockwood,
near Huddersfield, in the County of York, Machine Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOLLEN OR OTHER FIBROUS SUB-
STANCES."
'
This Invention relates more particularly to machinery for spinning for which
Letters Patent were granted to me bearing date the 21st May, 1874, No. 1804, and
the 26th June, 1876, No. 2628.
The object of my present improvements is to effect variations in the tension on the
yarn during the draught similar to that which takes place in mule spinning caused
by the thread slipping off the top of the spindle. I accomplish this by means of
oscillatory fingers or rods, so arranged as to bear upon the thread at intervals, and
by forcing them out of their ordinary line and then releasing them and allowing
them to return thereto the tension is varied as desired to any required extent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING IMITATIONS OF MALACHITE, LAPIS LAZULI, AND OTHER STONES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Brock, of Saint Mary Church, in the County of
Devon, Manager of the Works of the Watcombe Terra-cotta Clay Company,
Limited, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING IMITATIONS OF
MALACHITE, LAPIS LAZULI, AND OTHER STONES."
Scaled the 12th January 1877, and dated the 17th July 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Brock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July 1876.
CHARLES BROCK, of Saint Mary Church, in the County of Devon, Manager of the
Works of the Watcombe Terra-cotta Clay Company, Limited. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRODUCING IMITATIONS OF MALACHITE, LAPIS LAZULI, AND OTHER STONES."
My Invention consists in producing imitations of malachite, lapis lazuli, and other
stones in pottery as follows :--
I mix various earths and oxides, the colors and proportions of which will depend
upon the special class of object to be imitated, and I blend them at such a con-
sistency as prevents their mingling too much together. I then cover the surface of
the article to be decorated with a veneer or thin layer of the blended materials.
I next glaze the surface with a lucid glaze, and submit the article to burning, the
result being au exact imitation of the description of stone or marble desired, and
which is more durable than the real stone itself. This process can not only be used
for ordinary pottery, but is also applicable to a great variety of purposes, such as
architectural columns, bosses, panels, inlays for furniture, columns for busts, vases,
and other kindred purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Brock in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th January
1877.
CHARLES BROCK, of Saint Mary Church, in the County of Devon, Manager of
the Works of the Watcombe Terra-cotta Clay Company, Limited. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PRODUCING IMITATIONS OF MALACHITE, LAPIS LAZULI, AND OTHER STONES."
My Invention consists in producing imitations of malachite, lapis lazuli, and other
stones in pottery as follows:-
I mix various carths and oxides, the colors and proportions of which will depend
upon the special class of object to be imitated, and I blend them at such a con-
[Price 2d.1

page_text: sistency as prevents their mingling too much together. I then cover the surface of
the article to be decorated with a veneer or thin layer of the blended materials. I
next glaze the surface with a lucid glaze, and submit the article to burning, the
result being an exact imitation of the description of stone or marble desired, and
which is more durable than the real stone itself. This process can not only be
used for ordinary pottery, but is also applicable to a great variety of purposes, such
as architectural columns, bosses, panels, inlays for furniture, columns for busts, vases,
and other kindred purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Brock, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Thirteenth (13th) day of January, One thousand eight hundred
CHARLES BROCK. (L.S.)
MODE OF TREATING TOBACCO."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Mottie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th January 1876.
LOUIS MOTTIE, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
MODE OF TREATING TOBACCO."
"A NEW OR IMPROVED
The object of this Invention is to treat tobacco so as to remove the nicotine which
forms one of its constituent parts, thus obviating the pernicious effects which
result from immoderate smoking, and give to the tobacco thus treated an artificial
aroma at once inoffensive and superior to that which it originally possessed.
In carrying out the Invention the tobacco is steeped during 24 hours in about
double its weight of alcohol, with which is mixed about 1% of pure caustic potash
and about 1% of refined nitrate of potash.
When sufficiently steeped the tobacco is subjected to pressure in order to express
the alcohol which carries with it the nicotine. The alcohol can then be recovered
from the expressed liquid by distillation for again steeping the tobacco or for other
uses. The tobacco thus treated having lost some of its aroma an artificial aroma is
given to it by damping it with a liquor composed of perfumed Malaga wine, quinine
wine, benzoin, and myrrh, in varying proportions. The tobacco is then placed in a
case where it remains for from 6 to 8 hours, and after 24 hours it can be prepared
in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS AND ANALOGOUS APPARATUS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith at the Office of the
Commisioners of Patents on the 21st January 1870.
THOMAS SMITH, of Bannockburn, in the County of Stirling, North Britain,
Minister of the Church of Scotland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS AND
ANALOGOUS APPARATUS."
This Invention which relates to improvements in waterclosets, urinals, drains,
sinks, and analogous apparatus has for its object to prevent or get rid of the sinell
and noxious gases due to the uses for which such apparatus is employed. The
Invention is however more especially adapted for use in connexion with water-
closets, and it consists in applying a ventilating or exhaust pipe leading from the
soil pipe and cesspool, which may be passed direct into a receiver in the chimney,
or may be connected to another exhaust pipe leading from the closed and water
sealed chamber to a receiver in or alongside the chimney. The upper part of the
receiver has an outlet above the roof of the building through which the noxious
gases and vapours escape and become dissipated into the atmosphere, whilst one or
more ventilating pipes lead from that part of the closet between the cesspool and
water sealed chamber, through which fresh air is at all times supplied to the interior
parts of the closet and pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOGS FOR ASCERTAINING AND INDICATING THE PROGRESS OF SHIPS THROUGH THE WATER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Collis Browne at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1876.
JOHN COLLIS BROWNE, of 34, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, Physician.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOGS FOR ASCERTAINING AND INDICATING THE PROGRESS OF
SHIPS THROUGH THE WATER."
This Invention relates to improvements in logs for ascertaining, and indicating
the progress of ships through the water, and consists mainly in adapting to those
logs, such as the Russell log, patented by W. C. Russell, 23 July 1875, No. 2619,
and others of a similar character, an index mechanism by which the rate of speed
during a given period can be indicated and read off at any time, the Russell or other
like log and the index mechanism being put in connection and under the control of
the same strain tow rope, that the two apparatus are acted upon at the same time,
whereby the actual speed of a ship can be read off from one dial at any moment,
and the distance run during any given period of time from another or other dials.
Time giving mechanism may be arranged within the same casing if necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING TOBACCO, AND IN MEANS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Laidman Parker, of Dundee, in the County of
Forfar, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING
TOBACCO, AND IN MEANS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE."
Sealed the 21st December 1876, and dated the 7th October 1876.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Laidman Parker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October 1876.
THOMAS LAIDMAN PARKER, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING TOBACCO, AND IN MEANS EMPLOYED FOR THAT
PURPOSE."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in treating tobacco, has for its
object to preserve the tobacco in good condition for smoking, and to give to it an
imparted fragrance in the pouches or other receptacles in which it is kept by
smokers. For these purposes an outer envelope, containing an efflorescent salt or a
porous body, such as sponge, animal or vegetable fibre, or other porous, organic, or
inorganic substance or compound, capable of retaining and gradually giving off
liquid or vapour, is employed. This envelope, which is made of metal, india-rubber,
paper, wood, gauze or other material sufficiently permeable to permit of the
exudation of a liquid or vapour, is placed with the salt or porous body in the
receptacle containing the tobacco in any shape or form.
To prevent the tobacco from becoming dry and flavourless the porous body is
previous to being inserted charged with water, tobacco juice, or with a spirit,
solution, mixture, or essence, which exudes either as liquid or vapour through the
porous envelope, and imparts moisture to the tobacco, and if desired also a
fragrance, according to the nature of the fluid with which the porous receptacle is
charged.

page_text: If an efflorescent salt is used in the receptacle no saturation or charging with
moisture is required, the said salt giving off its watery constituents to the tobacco
mechanically, and when a porous composition capable of holding and gradually
giving off moisture is. employed the envelope herein-before referred to may if
desired be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING SKEINS OR HANKS OF WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eustace Wigzell and Joseph Pollit at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1870.
EUSTACE WIGZELL and JOSEPH POLLIT, of the Firm of Timothy Bates and
Company, of Sowerby Bridge, in the County of York, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING SKEINS OR HANKS OF WOOL OR OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIAL."
This Invention relates to machinery or apparatus whereby the hanks or skeins
may be supported separately from each other, so as to be exposed as much as
possible to the atmosphere; such machinery rotating upon a central axis so as to
agitate the surrounding air and cause a current or currents thereof to impinge upon
the banks of fibrous material, whereby the drying of the same is accomplished.
The machine or apparatus may consist of an upright shaft from which radiate
horizontal arms carrying tin or other metal cylinders having divisions around the
circumference so as to contain the banks or skeins and keep them separate. The
radial arms are caused to revolve round the central shaft, and at the same time
have a rotary motion of themselves, so that the position of the banks upon the
cylinders is constantly changing and no settlement of moisture can take place. The
distance apart vertically of the radial arms may be varied to suit the length of the
hanks under operation. The lower arms are made to raise and lower so as to
facilitate the putting on and taking off of the skeins or banks.
The whole apparatus may be placed upon a delicately balanced scale, pan, or
weighing machine, so that the exact amount of moisture lost during the process of
drying may be readily ascertained. Or we may place the hanks upon cylinders or
rollers in an enclosed chamber, through which a current of air may be passed by
means of a fan, the cylinders or rollers supporting the hanks having a rotary motion
imparted to them upon their own axes.