CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF PIPES AND TUBES, APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE PURPOSES, AND TO THE CONVEYANCE OF WATER, GAS, AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
FOREMAN, of Ranelagh Road, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS, in consequence of a communication made to me by a certain
Foreigner residing abroad, I am in possession of an Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF PIPES AND TUBES,
APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE PURPOSES, AND TO THE CONVEYANCE OF WATER, GAS,
AND OTHER FLUIDS;" and whereas Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria,
by Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Sixth day of May, in the eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Foreman, Her especial licence that I, the said James Foreman, my
exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Foreman,
my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the said Invention; in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said James Foreman,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as

page_text: in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention to
consist,―
First, in manufacturing wrought-metal pipes or tubes out of one or more
piece or pieces of wrought or rolled metal, each piece being made with two or
more external longitudinal flanges, forming, when joined together, a joint
or joints, such pipes or tubes being for the conveyance of water, gas, and other
fluids; and,
"
Secondly, in the manufacture of wrought-metal pipes or tubes, having
a longitudinal aperture or groove the whole length of the said pipes or tubes,
out of one or more piece or pieces of wrought or rolled metal, each piece
being made with two or more external longitudinal flanges, for atmospheric
railway purposes.
And in further compliance with the said proviso I, the said James Foreman,
do hereby describe the manner in which the said Invention is to be performed,
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawing annexed,
and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
The first of the improvements, videlicet, the manufacturing of pipes or tubes
for the conveyance of water, gas, or other fluids, is shown by Figures 1, 2, 3, 4,
(end elevations) and Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, (side elovations) of pipes or tubes, with
2, 4, 6, and 8 external longitudinal flanges, forming 1, 2, 3, and 4 joints..
And I will now proceed to describe the method of making a pipe or tube like
Figure 1, with only one longitudinal joint. I take a strip or bar of iron or
other metal, say, for instance (if for a four-inch tube), two inches square, and
sixteen inches long, and with pressure, as by rolling or drawing in the ordinary
manner, bring it to the shape represented at Figure 9. It is then drawn
through shaping dies, as seen at Figure 9*, until the two flanges are brought
together, as shown at Figures 1 and 5. The flanges are then rivetted together
by means of rivets to form a sound and perfect joint. The plate of metal
during the process of being made to the shape required may be worked either
cold or hot. When a pipe or tube is made with two or more of these external
longitudinal joints, as at Figures 2, 3, 4, the process of drawing may be
altogether dispensed with it, as it must be obvious that the strip or piece of
iron or other metal to form a portion of the pipe or tube may be at onco
rolled to the exact size which the diameter of the pipe or tube will require.
This will be explained by reference to Figures 10, 11, 12, which represent tho
balf, third, and fourth parts of a circle, the strips or pieces of iron or other

page_text: metal being reduced so as to form a number of segments to complete the circle,
or any shape required, the two halves, three thirds, or four quarters, according
to the number of segments employed, being respectively secured by means of:
rivets through the flanges as before described; they form pipes or tubes.
•
Figure 13 represents a section, and Figure 14 a plan of the second improve-
ment, which is a pipe or tube made of wrought iron or other metal, applicable
to atmospheric railway purposes. D, D, D; are external longitudinal flange:
joints. E, the aperture or groove running the whole length of the pipe or:
tube, as is required in pipes or tubes. employed for the above-mentioned:
purposes.. To make these pipes or tubes I proceed in the manner herein-,
before described for making pipes or tubes composed of two, three, or more.
segments or parts, with this exception, that two of the sides or flanges F, F,
which otherwise would be joined to form one longitudinal flange joint, are not.
in this case rivetted or otherwise fastened, but left open, as seen in Figures 13
and 14, so as to form a longitudinal aperture or groove E, by which means
the pistons employed for atmospheric railways are connected with carriages,.
trucks, and other vehicles. I wish it to be distinctly understood that in the
manufacture of these last-mentioned pipes or tubes, or in the manufacture of
the pipes or tubes constituting the aforesaid first improvement, I do not con-
fine myself to any particular metal or metals, nor to any particular number of.
external longitudinal flanges or joints. When two or more pipes or flanges
are to be joined at their ends I accomplish that by means of flanges or sockets
of wrought iron fixed on the ends of the pipes or tubes Figures 15 and 16,
by welding the flange to the end of the pipe or tube, or by merely applying
the flange or socket to be united when red hot, as it is well known the con-
struction of the metal when cooling will perfect a joint in every respect
suitable for ordinary purposes. I then bring these end flanges together, and
rivet them to make a joint. But the connection of the pipes or tubes at
their extremities may be effected in a variety of ways, and by any suitable or
ordinary method or methods. And to prevent oxydation on these pipes or
tubes made of wrought iron I propose to coat with zinc, or as is commonly
called, galvanize the whole or any portion of them, particularly those to be
employed for locomotive or atmospheric railway purposes, the galvanizing to
be done by any of the approved methods now in use.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention,.
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be under-
stood that what I claim under the above in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
Firstly, the manufacture of wrought-metal pipes or tubes out of one or
more indented plate or plates of metal, such as herein-before described, by

page_text: joining together the flanges of the said plates with rivets or otherwise, thus
causing the flanges to become external longitudinal ribs, giving great strength
and support to the pipes or tubes, and thus preventing them from swagging,
while the joint being wholly external the interior surface of the pipe or tube
remains perfectly smooth.
Secondly, the manufacture of wrought-metal pipes or tubes having a longi-
tudinal aperture or groove the whole length of the said pipes or tubes for
atmospheric railways and other purposes, by drawing such metal plates as
aforesaid into the form shewn by the centre of the three shapes in Figure 9*,
or by joining together, as herein-before described, two or more of such metal
plates by means of their flanges, as shown at Figures 13 and 14.
And such the said Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and belief,
entirely new, and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her said
Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare to
be my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said
Specification doth comply in all respects, fully and without reserve or disguise,
with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent con-
tained; wherefore I hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to
the said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Foreman, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentey-eight day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
JAMES (LB.) FOREMAN.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirtieth day of October, in the
year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid James Foreman came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fourth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-five.