Improvements in Machinery for Distributing, Setting, and Justifying Type.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Sept., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 19th Mar., 1890--Accepted, 5th July, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Distributing, Setting, and Justifying
Type.
We, WATKIN WYNNE, of the "Daily Telegraph" Office Sydney, in the Colony of
New South Wales, Journalist, JOHN ROBERT TOPLISS, Journalist of 400 Little Collins
Street, Melbourne, Victoria, and JOSHUA ALEXANDER KAY, Consulting Mechanician,
of Crofthead Villa, Balwyn, near Melbourne in the Colony of Victoria, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A cabinet having a number of channels for containing the type in sorts is mounted
on a suitable stand. Above the cabinet and extending beyond it on either side is a
horizontal frame the bottom of which has openings communicating respectively with
the several channels of the cabinet and each formed so as to admit characters of one
sort only. Differences are made in the configuration of the various sorts of characters
to correspond with the various forms of the openings respectively. A column of the
type to be distributed is laid on its side in the frame and is moved intermittently
along it, first to one end and then to the other; the movements being so regulated
that the lines of the column pause momentarily, and in succession over the bottom of
the frame in order to allow time for the characters in the bottom row of type which
may happen to correspond to the openings over which they are brought to fall
through into their respective channels. Thus the type is gradually distributed
through the openings in the frame bottom and into the channels of the cabinet. A
respective weight rests on top of each line of type in the coluinn which is being
distributed and causes the type in the line to move downwards in an orderly manner
each time the lowest character in the line finds its way through its respective opening
in the distributing plate. The characters lie in the cabinet with their sides horizontal
and before being ejected from the cabinet each is separately turned so that its sides
stand vertically. This turning operation may be effected by means of oscillating
rollers mounted horizontally at the bottoms of the respective compartments of the
cabinet and each having a longitudinal groove which will contain one piece of type at
a time. These rollers aré operated through suitable mechanisin by the type keys of
the machine which also actuate the mechanism for ejecting the type from the cabinet
so that a single operation of a key both turns and ejects a character. The type is
ejected on to a race and under a bar (by preference made of glass to facilitate inspec-
tion of the movements of the type) situated at a suitable height over the race. The
race is situated at the front of the machine and so that the operator who is working
the type keys has it well in view. The characters deposited on the race are gathered
together by suitable mechanism it may be upon a sliding plate covering the top of a
galley which is described further on.
This mechanisni may comprise a band made of wire or other suitable material
mounted on pulleys and actuating a gathering slide to and fro along the race either
intermittently or continuously. The to and fro movement of the gathering slide may
be produced by oscillating one of the band pulleys upon its axis through suitable
mechanisin which may be thrown in and out of gear as required. The type when
gathered is pressed up against a sliding gauge and is held in position between this
gauge and a catch which comes into action at the termination of the forward traverse
of the gathering slide. Each character of the type employed is equal to one or more
subdivisions of an em quad the subdivisions being such that an integral number of
them are equal to an ein quad. These subdivisions may be termed "units" of the
fount of type to which they belong and there may be two, four or more such units to
the em quad according to convenience in different cases. The most generally useful
number however is four. A character equal to one unit may be terined a one unit

page_text: character, one equal to two units a two unit character and so on. All lines of the
type matter may be exactly equalised in length by joining each of them of the same
number of units. If a line (in order to complete the last word in it) is set up with
more than the number of units corresponding to the required length of line it can be
justified by removing as many space units as correspond to the excess.
For con-
venience in justifying the lines of type it is preferred as far as practicable to set up
between each two words in a line two space characters of different dimensions; for
example when there are four units to the em quad, one two-unit and one one-unit
space character is set up between each two words. This system of type admits of the
justification of the type being performed by mechanical means as thus for example:-
Upon a pivoted frame may be mounted side by side in two rows (one above the other)
a number of levers, each lever occupying a space equal to that of one unit. The
levers are mounted on pivots which pass through slot holes in them so that they can
be both oscillated on the pivots and moved to and fro endwise. The pivoted frame
carrying the levers is situated so that when in its working position the levers in both
rows rest at one end on the type which has been gathered upon the sliding plate as
described. Springs may be employed to cause the lever ends to press upon the type
with the requisite firmness. The larger space characters have notches so situated as
to become engaged with corresponding levers in one of the two rows, and the smaller
space characters have notches so situated as to become engaged with corresponding
levers in the other row. The engagement of the levers with the notches cause the
free ends of these levers to stand prominently from the other levers which having no
notches to drop into remain at a different level. When a lever is engaged with a
space character the latter can be removed from the line of type by sliding the lever
endwise, and as the levers in the two rows engage with two respective sizes of space
characters, the selection of larger or sinaller space character for removal is easily
made. The justification of the type by these mechanical means may be effected when
the type is gathered on the sliding plate. While the type is being gathered on
the sliding plate the levers are kept out of the way by tilting the frame which
carries them on its pivot. Each line of type as soon as it has been gathered and
justified has the sliding plate drawn from under it and is allowed to descend into a
removable galley, whose width corresponds with the length of the line, and which is
deep enough to contain a column of type. Line after line thus descends into the
galley until a column of type is obtained of the length desired, when the galley is
removed, emptied and replaced. The first line of type which enters the galley at
each filling descends on to a carriage which is movable up and down in the galley
and is suitably guided therein. When this first line descends on to it the carriage
is at the top of the galley, and as headroom is required for each new line on top of
those already deposited the carriage descends to the required extent.
According to our method the carriage may be supported by and between a pair
of endless chains mounted on chain wheels provided with escapement wheel
mechanism which can be brought into action by pressing down a key, which also
serves to operate the sliding plate. Each time the key is pressed down the escape-
ment mechanism allows the carriage to descend by gravity for the required distance
according to the size of type. In order to relieve the working surface of the
escapement mechanism from undue pressure as the carriage becomes loaded with
type, the ascending portions of the endless chains lift a succession of counterbalance
weights as they move upwards. When the distribution of the type proceeds faster
than is requisite the relative mechanism may be put out of gear without interference
with any of the other functions of the machinery. The devices herein described
for distributing and justifying the type are applicable to other designs of type
setting mechanism than the one herein described.
Dated this 28th day of September 1889.

page_text: COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Distributing, Setting, and Justifying
Type.
We WATKIN WYNNE of the Sydney "Daily Telegraph" Office Sydney in the
Colony of New South Wales, Journalist, JOHN ROBERT TOPLISS, care of
J. E. MIntyre, Solicitor, 400 Little Collins Street, Melbourne, in the Colony of
Victoria, Journalist, and JOSHUA ALEXANDER KAY of Croft Head Villa, Balwyn
Melbourne aforesaid Consulting Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
drawings:-
A cabinet having a number of channels for containing the type in sorts is mounted
on a suitable stand. Above the cabinet and extending beyond it on either side is a
horizontal frame the bottom of which has openings communicating respectively with
the several channels of the cabinet and each forined so as to admit characters of one
sort only. Differences are made in the configuration of the various sorts of characters
to correspond with the various forms of the openings respectively. A column of the
type to be distributed is laid on its side in the frame and is moved intermittently
along it, first to one side and then to the other; the movements being so regulated
that the lines of the column pause momentarily and in succession over the bottom of
the frame in order to allow time for the characters in the bottom row of type which
may happen to correspond to the openings over which they are brought, to fall through
into their respective channels. Thus the type is gradually distributed through the
openings in the frame bottom and into the channels of the cabinet. A respective
weight rests on top of each line of type in the column which is being distributed and
causes the type in the line to move downwards in an orderly manner each time the
lowest character in the line finds it's way through it's respective opening in the
distributing plate. The characters lie in the cabinet with their sides horizontal and
before being ejected from the cabinet each is separately turned so that it's sides stand
vertically. This turning operation may be effected by means of oscillating rollers
mounted horizontally at the bottoms of the respective compartments of the cabinet
and each having a longitudinal groove which will contain one piece of type at a time.
These rollers are operated through suitable mechanism by the type keys of the
machine which also actuate the mechanism for ejecting the type from the cabinet so
that a single operation of a key both turns and ejects a character. The type is
ejected on to a race and under a bar (by preference made of glass to facilitate
inspection of the movements of the type) situated at a suitable height over the race.
The race is situated at the front of the machine and so that the operator who is
working the type keys has it well in view. The characters deposited in the race are
gathered together by suitable mechanism it may be upon a sliding plate covering the
top of a galley which is described further on. This mechanism may comprise a band
made of wire or other suitable material mounted on pulleys and actuating a gathering
slide to and fro along the race either intermittently or continuously. The to and fro
movement of the gathering slide may be produced by oscillating one of the band
pulleys upon it's axis through suitable mechanism which may be thrown in and out
of gear as required. The type when gathered is pressed up against a sliding gauge
and is held in position between this gauge and a catch which comes into action at
the termination of the forward traverse of the gathering slide. Each character of the
type employed is equal to one or more subdivisions or parts of the em quad of the
fount the subdivisions being such that four of thein are equal to the ein quad. We
designate this system of type by the name of "Quadrate" and the subdivisions or
parts of the em quad we term units." A character equal to one sub-division we
terin a one-unit character-one equal to two sub-divisions a two-unit character and
The following examples will serve to illustrate the construction of the type
viz. The lower case "i," "1," "comma'
""full point" and other thin characters are
so on.
"

page_text: made as one unit characters, the figures and such letters as "a" "b"c" "d" and
others nearest in size to the en quad are made as two unit characters; the lower
case w" and "m" as three unit characters; and the capital "W" and other sorts
of similar size as four-unit characters-that is equal to the em quad; space characters
are made equal to one or more units as required. Whenever in this Specification a
character is described as being "equal to one or more sub divisions or units of an
em quad, it is to be understood that it is equal thereto in the sense that when set up
in a line of type it occupies a space therein which is equal to that occupied by one or
more such sub-divisions or units as the case may be. All lines of the type matter may
be exactly equalised in length by joining each of them of the same number of units.
If a line (in order to complete the last word in it) is set up with more than the
number of units corresponding to the required length of line it can be justified by
removing as many space units as correspond to the excess. For convenience in
justifying the lines of type it is preferred as far as practicable to set up between each
two words in a line two space characters of different dimensions; for example, when
there are four units to the em quad, one two unit and one one-unit space character is
set up between each two words. This system of type admits of the justification of the
type being performed by mechanical means as thus for example :-Upon a pivotted
frame may be mounted side by side in two rows (one above the other) a number of
levers each lever occupying a space equal to that of one unit. The levers are mounted
on pivots which pass through slot holes in them, so that they can be both oscillated on
the pivots and moved to and fro end wise. The pivotted fraine carrying the levers is
situated so that when in its working position the levers in both rows rest at one end
on the type which has been gathered upon the sliding plate as described. Springs
may be employed to cause the lever ends to press upon the type with the requisite
firmness. The larger space characters have notches so situated as to become engaged
with corresponding levers in one of the two rows, and the smaller space characters
have notches so situated as to become engaged with corresponding levers in the other
row. The engagement of the levers with the notches causes the free ends of these
levers to stand prominently from the other levers, which, having no notches to drop
into, remain at a different level. When a lever is engaged with a space character the
latter can be removed from the line of type by sliding the lever endwise and as the
levers in the two rows engage with two respective sizes of space characters the selection
of larger or smaller space characters for removal is easily made. The justification of
the type by these mechanical means may be effected when the type is gathered on the
sliding plate. While the type is being gathered on the sliding plate the levers are
kept out of the way by tilting the frame which carries them on it's pivot. Each line
of type as soon as it has been gathered and justified has the sliding plate drawn from
under it and is allowed to descend into a removable galley whose width corresponds
with the length of the line and which is deep enough fo contain a column of type.
Line after line thus descends into the galley until a column of type is obtained of the
length desired when the galley is removed, emptied and replaced. The first line of
type which enters the galley at each filling descends on to a carriage which is
moveable up and down in the galley and is suitably guided therein. When this first
line descends on to it the carriage is at the top of the galley, and as headroom is
required for each new line on top of those already deposited the carriage descends to
the required extent. According to our method the carriage may be supported by and
between a pair of endless chains mounted on chain wheels provided with escapement
wheel mechanism which can be brought into action by pressing down a key, which
also serves to operate the sliding plate. Each time the key is pressed down the
escapement mechanism allows the carriage to descend by gravity for the required
distance according to the size of type. In order to relieve the working surface of the
escapement mechanism from undue pressure as the carriage becomes loaded with type
the ascending portions of the endless chains lift a succession of counter balance
weights as they move upwards. When the distribution of the type proceeds faster
than is required the relative mechanisin may be put out of gear without interference
with any of the functions of the machinery. The devices herein described for

page_text: distributing and justifying the type are applicable to other designs of type setting
mechanism than the one herein described.
In the accompanying drawings Fig. A. is a front elevation. Fig. B. a sido elevation
and Fig. C. a plan (on an enlarged scale) of a machine constructed in accordance with
this invention. In each view some of the parts are omitted for the purpose of showing
other parts more clearly,and the omitted parts are, where necessary,shown in detached
views which are referred to later on. 1. 2. are two standards; 3. 4 two brackets
secured to the two standards respectively and affording steadiness to a cabinet 5
which is bolted on top of the standards; 6 is a horizontal frame in which the type is
laid for distribution. 7 is a carriage which is traversed to and fro horizontally on the
frame 6 supported by antifriction rollers 8.
A column of type to be distributed is laid on it's side in the frame 6 and below the
carriage 7 one end of which (9) extends downwards between the two sides of the
frame 6 and which at the other end is fitted with a plate 10 which is removable for
introducing the type into the frame and which also extends downwards between the
frame sides. The type is thus confined between 9 and 10 and when the carriage is
traversed to and fro the column of type moves along with it. The cabinet 5 is forined
with channels 11 (Fig. C) for containing the type. The channels are indicated in
Fig. A. by the series of vertical lines immediately below the frame 6 and their width
is equal to the depth of the type. The divisions of the cabinet between the channels
are provided with projecting ribs extending from top to bottom which engage with
corresponding notches in the type, and thus serve as guides for the latter. These
guide ribs are shewn in Fig. E. (referred to later on) but are omitted in Figs. A
and C to avoid overcrowding the lines of the drawing. The divisions between the
channels are of the same width as the channels. The series of vertical lines within
the frame in Fig. A. represent lines of type, and 12. 12 are respective weights standing
upon the lines of type excepting four of thein which are shown lower than the others
and which are acting as partitions to divide the column of type into sections. These
partitions slide in grooves in the back and front of the carriage 7, the back being
carried down inside the frame 6 as shewn in dotted lines in Fig. B. in order to afford
greater support to the partitions.
A larger or smaller number of the weights 12 may be employed as partitions in
the manner described according to convenience and in some cases no partitions need
be used.
13 is a type-distributing plate forming a bottom to the frame 6, the central part of
it extends over and rests on the top of the cabinet and is perforated with slits or
openings for allowing the type to pass through them into the channels of the cabinet.
Each sort of type is notched differently to all the other sorts, and each slit in the
bottom plate is made with projections to correspond with the notches in one sort of
type only. Hence only one sort of type can pass through each slit and into the
corresponding channel of the cabinet. An enlarged plan view of a part of the
perforated portion of this plate is shown in Fig. J. The type laid in the frame rests
on and is traversed to and fro along this plate, in intermittent movements by the
carriage 7 which is actuated as described later on. The carriage 7 is traversed far
enough in each direction to bring every line of type contained therein over every
channel in the cabinet, and the mechanisin for traversing the carriage is so adjusted
that the pauses between the intermittent movements occur when one or more of the
lines of type are immediately over respective slits in the distributing plate 13.
The extent of each intermittent movement corresponds to the width of one of the
channels 11-which is the saine as that of one of the divisions of the cabinet, and
therefore every piece of type as it is moved along the distributing plate pauses
alternately over a channel and over a division; until on arriving over the slit in the
plate which is shaped to admit it, it falls through the plate and into the channel below.
In Fig. A some of the channels are shewn containing an accumulation of type as the
botton. 14 is a race on to which the type is ejected from the cabinet in the type
setting process by mechanism described later on, and 15, a race cover made of glass
or other suitable material situated over the race and held in position there by a screw

page_text: at either end passing through brackets 16. 16. secured to the cabinet. The screws are
provided with wing nuts as shown, and by operating these the position of the race
cover vertically can be adjusted so as to give the required clearance space for the type
between the race and the said cover. 17 is a removable galley for receiving the
type after it has been set and justified and 18 an outer case for the removeable galley.
19. 19. are fingering keys for operating the mechanism by which the type is turned
and ejected from the cabinet and 20 is a treadle (shown detached in figure A) for
actuating the type distributing mechanism and mechanisin for gathering the type.
The treadle drives a fly wheel 21 through a connecting rod 22 acting on a crank pin
screwed to the fly wheel and adjustable in a slotted hole therein as shewn for the
purpose hereinafter specified.
On the same shaft with the fly wheel is a spur wheel 23 gearing into aspur pinion 24
on the same shaft with an eccentric 25. This eccentric works in a fork as shown on
one end of a lever 26, and causes it to vibrate upon it's pivot. 27. 28 is a pawl rod
connected to lever 26 as shown and having at it's upper end a hinged pawl piece 29,
with two pawl teeth set in opposite directions. (See Fig. B.) The pawl piece is
acted upon by a spring 30 mounted on 28, by a single pin, so that the spring may be
moved aside and allow the pawl piece to be turned backwards on it's hinge for the
purpose of putting the type distributing mechanism out of gear. At the back of the
frame 6 is a traverse screw 31 (see Fig. I, which is an enlarged back elevation of the
upper portion of the cabinet and of the parts above it) on this screw are two ratchet
wheels 32. 33 situated side by side and free to slide on a feather key, the teeth of one
wheel being set in opposite direction to those of the other so that one tooth of the
pawl piece actuates one ratchet wheel and the other tooth the other wheel alternatively
according as one or other wheel is moved into gear. 34 is a segmental nut hinged
on the carriage 7. and it can be put in or out of gear with the screw 31 by turning it
one way or the other on it's hinge. 35 is a sliding rod mounted on the frame 6 and
provided as shown with two prongs which embrace the ratchet wheels for the purpose
of moving them to and fro,and with two other prongs for the actuation of the rod. When
the pawl piece is in action, rotation is imparted to the screw in one direction or the
other according as one or other of the ratchet wheels is in gear with the pawl piece.
Thus by putting the segmental nut 34 in gear with the screw the carriage 7 can be
traversed in either direction. When the carriage approaches the end of it's traverse
in one direction, the segmental nut comes in contact with one of the actuating prongs
of the rod 35 (see dotted lines in Fig. I) and slides the rod endwise so as to throw
one ratchet wheel out of gear with the pawl piece and to throw the other ratchet wheel
into gear with it. Thereupon the traverse of the carriage is reversed and at the other
end of it's traverse a similar reversing action takes place. The fingering keys 19
operate respective bell crank levers 36 (pivotted on a bar 37) which actuate
respective levers 38 pivotted on a bar 39. Only a few of the fingering rods and of
the parts actuated thereby are inserted in the drawings. Fig. C. is an enlarged plan
view of a number of the fingering keys and of the levers 36. 38 in connection there-
with. Figs. K. L. M. N. O. P. are enlarged views of part of the mechanism for
turning the type and ejecting it from the cabinet. From Figs. L. N. which show the
upper end of one of the levers 38 it will be seen that the lever is provided with
an arm having a slot, part of which is a seginent struck from the centre of the
pivot bar 39 and another part of which is inclined so as to impart a camlike
action to the lever for actuating a pin 40 secured to a sliding piece 41 (working
in guides as shown) which engages with a crank upon an oscillating roller 42
situated at the bottom of one of the channels of the cabinet and having a longi-
tudinal groove to contain one piece of the type at a time. The vertical projection
at the top at the lever 38 engages with a type ejector 43 working in a guide
plate 44 and forined with a tongue piece which enters into the groove in the oscil-
lating roller and ejects the piece of type therefrom. In Fig. L. the parts are
shewn in the position they assume before the corresponding fingering key is struck.
When the key is struck the cam action of lever 38 forces the sliding piece 41
upwards and causes it to rotate, the roller 42 through an angle of 90° so that

page_text: the piece of type contained in the groove (and which had been lying therein with
it's sides horizontal) now has its sides turned into a vertical position. Meantime the
ejector 43 has been moved forward a little but not sufficiently for it's tongue to
enter the groove in the roller. As soon however as the turning of the roller is
completed the continued action of the lever 38 causes the tongue to be pressed for-
ward into the groove and to eject the type on to the race. While the ejecting process
is being performed the segmental portion of the slot in the lever 38 is engaged with
the pin 40 and consequently during this stage no movement is imparted to the sliding
piece 41. When the fingering key is released the action of the parts is reversed
by the pressure of a spring 38 upon the lower end of the lever 38 as shown in
Fig. B. The spring is attached to a transverse bar as shewn, one spring being pro-
vided on the bar for each lever 38. As soon as the roller has reverted to it's
normal position a fresh piece of type from the channel drops into the groove in
the roller in readiness for a repetition of the turning and ejecting operation.
Fig. K. is a plan viow and Fig. K* a back elovation of part of the guide
plate 44 with a number of type ejectors 43 having tongues of different thicknesses
to correspond with different depths of roller grooves-ribs are formed on the
guide plate between the ejectors 43 to keep them correctly spaced as shewn in
Figs. K. and K but in order to avoid overcrowding the lines of the drawing in
Fig. C these ribs are not indicated in this view. Fig. M. is a plan view of four
of the rollers with their grooves turned upwards and each containing a piece of
type. Fig. is a back view shewing eight sliding pieces 41 engaged with as
many rollers each containing a piece of type. The four rollers to the left of the
figure are in their normal position and the other four have been turned into posi-
tion for having the type ejected. Fig. P. is a side view of one of the sliding.
pieces 41.
For gathering the type which has been ejected on to the race the
treadle 20 is provided with a connecting rod 45, which transmits motion to an
oscillating spur segment 46 pivotted to the standard 2. The spur seginent gears
into a pinion secured fast on the same shaft with a grooved band pulley 47.
wire band 48 is mounted on this pulley and passes round a smaller grooved
pulley 49 mounted at the opposite side of the machine. Secured upon the wire
band (see enlarged views Figs. D. E. G. H. of which G. H. are done to a larger
scale than D. E.) is a box 50 which is chambered out as shewn to receive a sliding
tongue 51 of hooked form in plan view (see Fig. E) the chamber being covered on
top by a plate 52, In Fig. E the plate 52 is omitted in order to show other
parts more clearly. The sliding tongue 51 has an enlargement at one end which
serves as an abutment for a spring as shewn. On the underside of this enlarge-
inent is a pin 53 which works in a slot in the bottom of the box 50. 54 is a sliding
bolt which works transversely to 51. Its form is clearly shown in Figs. G. E. from
which it will be seen that it hooks over the cover plate 52 the hooked part at the
right hand side forming a locking piece which acts as described further on. 55 is
a lever pivotted as shown one end being engaged with the pin 53 and the other end
carrying a friction roller as shown which runs against a guide bar 56 having an
inclined part in plan view as shewn at the right hand side of the machine. The
connecting rod 45 is made in two pieces as shown more clearly in Fig. W from
which it will be seen that the upper piece is formed with a socket for receiving the
lower piece which can be locked in the socket by a pin (acted upon by a spring)
which passes through one side of the socket and engages with a notch formed in the
A
er piece of the rod. By means of a lever 57 fitted with a projection which presses
agst the spring the free end of the latter can be forced outwards so as to liberate
the pin which engages with the lower piece of the connecting rod and thus leave the
latter free to slide up and down in the socket without transmitting any movement to
the spur segment 46. Thus the type gathering mechanism can be put in or out of
gear at will.
When it is in gear the wire band is actuated to and fro and with it the box 50
which is guided by a part sliding between the type race 14 and guide bar 56 as
shewn and by a strip working against the underside of the type race as shown

page_text: in Fig. Q. Fig. C shows the box in position for commencing a stroke for
gathering the type. In this position the sliding tongue 51 is pressed outwards
from the box so that the hooked part lies over the type race, the friction roller
on the lever 55 having mounted the incline on the bar 56 and consequently shot
forward the sliding tongue. The bolt 54 has come in contact with a stop 58 and
been shifted so that the locking piece previously referred to has entered the
chamber of the box 50 in the rear of the sliding tongue 51 and thus prevents the
spring from forcing the sliding tongue backwards. When it is required to gather
the type lying on the race the box 50 is traversed from right to left and the
sliding tongue 51 sweeps the type off the race and on to a sliding plate 39 over
the galley. 60 is a spring stop fitted in a recess in the type race, its left hand
end standing above the race and flush with the left hand end of it. This spring
stop is depressed by the type passing over it and starts up again as soon as the
type has been swept clear of it: thereupon the type is supported between the
spring stop and a sliding gauge 61 hereinafter described. As the box 50 is
approaching the end of its stroke to the left, the bolt 54 comes in contact with a
stop 58 secured on the pivot 68 referred to again later on which shifts it clear
of the sliding tongue 51 and thus allows the spring to push the latter back clear
of the type race, so that in the return stroke it will not interfere with any type
which may again have accumulated upon the race. The limits of the traverse of
the box 50 to and fro can be regulated by adjusting the position of the crank
pin in the fly wheel 21. The type 71 gathered on to the sliding plate 59 is
pressed up against the sliding gauge 61 shown in Figs. D. E. F. (Figs. F being
drawn to a larger scale than the other 2 figs.) which is formed with two guide
strips 65. 65 connected by a cross piece as shown embracing and sliding along a
horizontal bed plate 64 projecting from the galley case 18.
Prior to the type
being gathered on the sliding plate the face of the sliding gauge stands close to the
spring stop 60 and it is pushed to the left by the type as the latter is gathered
on the sliding plate. When the sliding gauge has been pushed nearly to the left
hand edge of the galley it comes against and compresses a spring as shewn held
in a box 62 secured to the bed plate 64 through two strips 53. 63 which also
serve as guides for the sliding plate 59. When too much type has been gathered
on the sliding plate for one line of matter the sliding gauge gets pushed past the
left hand edge of the galley and a pointer on the gauge indicates on a scale as
shewn the number of character units in the overplus each division of the scale
being equal to one such unit. The sliding plate is moveable to and fro over the
galley so that in its extreme position to the right it entirely covers the galley and
that in its extreme position to the left it entirely uncovers the galley and stands
with its right hand end level with the left hand edge of the galley. The guide
strips 65. 65 are fitted with respective springs 66. 66 having pins as shown which
are kept pressed against the sides of the sliding plate 59 so as to exert a frictional
drag on the movements of the sliding gauge when it is moved from right to left
by the type under the action of the type gathering mechanisın. The sliding plate
and sliding gauge are each free to move without the other but when their right
hand edges are level with each other the pins on the springs 66. 66 engage with
bevel edged notches in the sides of the sliding plate and if when the gauge and
plate are in this relative position to each other sliding action is imparted to the
plate, the gauge will then slide with it, but if sliding action is imparted to the
gauge by a force which is not transmitted to it through the plate the resistance
of the plate will cause the pins on the springs 66. G6. to be forced out of engage-
ment with the notches in the plate and the plate will remain stationary. 67 is a
frame containing the mechanism used in justifying the lines of type. It is mounted
on a pivot bar 68 upon which it can be oscillated. The arrangement of the
mechanism is shown more clearly in Figs. Q. R. which are respectively a sectiona!
side elevation and plan. The frame contains 2 rows of levers 69. 70 situated one
over the other and each lever occupies a space equal to that of a one unit
character of the fount. The levers have one end turned upwards for facilitating

page_text: their manipulation and the other end turned down to rest upon the type 71
gathered on the sliding plate 59. The two rows of lovers are mounted upon
2 respective pivot pins secured in the framo 67 which pass through slot holes in
the levers. Each lever is formed with a spring bearing on the frame 67 as shown
for keeping it pressed down on the type.
The space characters are formed with notches into which the ends of the levers
immediately above them will drop.
The notches in the one unit space characters are situated so that they will be
entered by corresponding levers in one of the rows and the notches in the two
unit space characters by corresponding levers in the other row. Thus a glance at
the up turned ends of the levers shows the position of the one unit and two unit
space characters respectively any of which can then be readily selected for casting
out. If space characters of more than 2 units are employed they may be notched
so as to engage with the ends of one or other of the 2 rows of levers according
to convenience. In the drawings the justifying mechanism is shown in position
for justifying a line of type and the justification is effected by casting out such
space characters as may be selected for rejection containing in the aggregate as
many units as are equal to the overplus in the line. The casting out of the
space characters is performed by either pushing forward or pulling back the
levers engaged with their notches according as such lovers are in the top or in
the bottom of the 2 rows 69, 70. The spring in the box 62 acting through the
sliding gauge causes the vacancies left by the casting out of the space characters
to be closed up.
After each line is justified the justifying mechanism is turned on its pivot 67
so as to be out of the way until it is required for justifying a fresh line and the
finger key 72 is forced downwards. During the first part of its descent it actuates
(through a spiral spring 74) a T crank lever 73 connected with the sliding plate,
so as to withdraw the latter from over the galley and during the next part of its
descent the bell crank lever remains stationary the spring 74 undergoing compression
and an escapement bar 75 is moved from right to left by the action of the inclined
portion of the rod of the finger key 72 which passos between two friction rollers
on the escapement bar as shewn. The oscapement bar is furnished with 2 catches 76,77
which engage alternately with the teeth of two escapement wheels 78, 79 respectively.
Before the escapement bar is moved from right to left as described above, the
catch 76 is engaged with the wheel 78 and during the traverse of the bar this catch
becomes disengaged and the catch 77 becomes engaged with the wheel 79. A short
interval occurs between the disengagement of one catch and the engagement of
the other during which the wheels (which are both keyed on one shaft 80) rotate
to the extent of half the pitch of their teeth, the catches being so adjusted that
while one of them is opposite a tooth space the other is opposite a tooth.
The rotation of the wheels is produced as hereinafter described. Upon the
withdrawal of the sliding plate from over the galley two projections at its right hand
end as shewn enter into corresponding recesses in the sliding gauge and coming
into contact with the gauge sustain the pressure of the spring in box 62 so as to
liberate the line of type which theroupon descends by gravity into the galley. The
projection at the front side of the sliding plate is formed with a small stop shown
in Fig. T for the purpose of preventing the sliding tongue 51 from displacing
the piece of type in contact with it when being withdrawn from the race at the
end of each gathering stroke.-The first lino of type which thus descends into
the galley is caught upon the carriage 81 forming the galley bottom (which is
moveable up and down in the removeable galley 17 and is then close to the top
of it) and each succeeding line is caught upon its predecessor--a column of type
being thus accumulated in the galley. (Fig. S is a front view. Fig. Ta side view
and Fig. U a plan shewing the galley and other parts on an enlarged scale)-Room
is made in the galley for the successive lines of type to take their place therein by
the descent of the carriage in the galloy under the control of the escapement bar and
its catches as hereinafter described.

page_text: The carriage rests upon a galley lift 85, having two pins 82, 82 which pass through
slots in the removeable galley and galley case sides and engage respectively with two
endless chains 83, 83 each carried on two respective chain wheels as shown, the two
chain wheels at the top being secured upon the same shaft (80) as the escapement
wheels 78, 79. A compensating weight 84 is fixed to a bar attached to the two
endless chains as shewn. When the galley lift S5 is in its uppermost position the
greater part of the compensating weight 84 is resting out of action and the part
which remains suspended partially counterbalances the weight of the galley litt 85
and galley bottom 81; the overplus weight of these actuates the escapement wheels
through half a tooth each time the catches 76, 77 are simultaneously disengaged
therefrom and the galley lift and carriage descend through a corresponding distance.
As the lines of type descend into the galley more of the compensating weight
is brought into action and compensates for their weight, thus preventing the
catches 76, 77 from being subjected to excessive pressure which would interfere with
their easy manipulation. After each line of type has descended into the galley the
movement of finger key 72 is reversed by the action of a balance weight 86, on an
arm of lever 73; this causes the catch 77 to be disengaged and 76 to be re-engaged a
fresh rotation of the escapement wheels 78, 79 to the extent of half the pitch of their
teeth taking place during the interval when both catches are out of engagement. It
will thus be seen that two downward movements of the galley lift take place for each
line of type which descends into the galley. The reverse movement of the finger
key 72 also recloses the sliding plate 59 over the galley. The galley bottom $1 is
guided in the removeable galley 17 as shown and it will be seen that the guide
grooves in the galley do not extend to the bottom of it but leave a rest for the pro-
jections on the galley bottom. Sometimes the type distributing and type gathering
mechanism may be driven by power instead of by treadle. Fig. X is a front elevation
and Fig. Y a plan showing mechanism for doing this. In these views 89 is a shaft
driven by power 88 is a disc band pulley keyed fast on this shaft and driving
(through a band as shown) a band pulley 94, keyed fast upon the same shaft with the
eccentric 25 already described. The forked lever 26 part of the pawl rod 28 rod and
the standard 2 are also shewn in these views, 87 is a disc band pulley mounted loose
on the shaft S9 and separated from the band pulley 89 by a leather washer 96. The
boss of 87 projects at one side as shown and is formed with a groove into which gears
a clutch fork lever 90, having a treadle arm as shown. On the under side of the
treadle arm is a spiral spring 91 bearing upon the floor and tending to keep the
treadle arm pressed upwards so as to produce sufficient frictional contact between
the pulley 87 leather washer 96 and pulley 88 to enable 88 to drive 87 round
whenever it is desired. To suspend the rotation of 87 the treadle arm is pressed
down by the operators foot so as to relieve the pressure between the pulleys 87, 88,
and the leather washer 96. 92 is a catch for retaining the treadle arm in its
downward position when required. The disc pulley 87 drives another disc pulley 93
fitted with a crank pin whose throw is adjustable in a slotted hole as shewn for the
purpose of regulating the limits of the traverse of the gathering apparatus to and fro.
95 is a connecting rod which connects the pulley 93 with the spur seginent 46 already
described and communicates the requisite oscillatory action to the latter when
required. The spur pinion 46 and band pulley 47 are also shewn in these views. In
the drawings the machine is shown standing vertically but in practice it is sometimes
desirable to set it tilted backwards at an inclination of about 1 in 12 to the vertical,
so as to counteract any tendency of the type to move forward.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
1. For distributing type the combination of the horizontal frame 6 the carriage 7
traversible to and fro therealong and the type distributing plate 13 substantially as

page_text: 2. For distributing type the combination of the horizontal frame 6, the carriage 7
traversible to and fro therealong the type distributing plate 13 and weights 12
substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. The combination of the horizontal frame 6 the carriage 7 traversible to and fro
therealong the anti friction rollers S, the type distributing plate 13 and weights 12
with the type cabinet 5 for the purpose of distributing type thereinto substantially as
hereinbefore described.
4. In combination with the carriage 7 the mechanism for actuating it to and fro
substantially as hereinbefore described.
5. The combination of the type cabinet 5 with the grooved Lype turning rollers 42
placed at the bottom of the type channels 11 substantially as hereinbefore described.
6. The combination of the type cabinet 5 grooved type turning rollers 42 placed at
the bottom of the type channels 11, sliding pieces 41, levers 38 type ejectors 43 and
type ejector guide plate 44, substantially as hereinbefore described.
7. The combination of the levers 38, springs 38* pivot bar 39, bell crank levers 36,
pivot bar 37 and fingering keys 19 substantially as herein before described.
8. The combination of the type cabinet 5, grooved type turning rollers 42, placed
at the bottom of the type channels 11, sliding pieces 41, levers 38 springs 38, pivot
bar 39, type ejectors 43, type ejector guide plate 44, bell crank levers 36, pivot bar 37
and fingering keys 19, substantially as herein before described.
9. The combination of the type race 14, type race cover, 15 and of the mechanism
for gathering the type ejected on to the race substantially as herein before described.
10. The combination of the box 50 sliding tongue 51, spring 51ª, cover plate 52,
pin 53 and sliding bolt 54 substantially as herein before described.
11. The mechanism for determining at a glance the positions of the space
characters in a line of type and for throwing out one or more of these space
characters in order to justify the line substantially as herein before described.
12. The combination of the sliding plate 59, sliding gauge 61, carrying two
springs 66 each fitted with a pin as shewn, spring box 62 provided with a spring as
shown, bed plate 61, T crank lever 73, balance weight 86 spring 74, and fingering
key 72, substantially as hereinbefore described.
13. The combination of the removeable galley 17, galley bottom 81 moveable up
and down therein and removeable therewith, galley lift 85, galley case 18, endless
chains 83 carried on chain wheels as shown, compensating weight 84, escapement
wheels 78, 79, escapement rod 75, fingering key 72, spring 74, T crank lever 73 and
balance weight 86 substantially as herein before described.
14. The combination of the parts specified in claim 13 with mechanism for setting
type.
15. The justifying of lines of type substantially as described.
16. The general combination of parts constituting a machine for distributing
setting and justifying type substantially as shown in the drawings and described.
1 1000
HY. C. CARVER.