IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY SPIKES AND COTTERS OR KEYS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Scattergood, of West Bromwich, in the County of
Stafford, Manager of Works, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY SPIKES AND COTTERS OR KEYS, AND IN MACHINERY
TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE."
Sealed the 13th February 1877, and dated the 18th August 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Scattergood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th August 1876.
JAMES SCATTERGOOD, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Manager
of Works. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY SPIKES AND
COTTERS OR KEYS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in the manu-
facture of railway spikes and cotters or keys, and in machinery to be used in the
said manufacture, whereby great economy in the manufacture of the said spikes
and cotters or keys results.
In manufacturing railway spikes according to my Invention I roll the length of
bar iron from which the spikes are to be made of the figure of a series of blanks
joined point to point, each blank having the figure of two spike blanks joined
head to head. I form the point parts of the length of iron by rolling on opposite
sides of the square or other shaped bar of iron, from which the spike iron is to be
made, and at the required distances apart V shaped depressions, the bottoms of the
V shaped depressions nearly touching each other, so that the iron at the point parts
is joined only by a thin junction piece.
In making the length of bar iron having the point parts or the V shaped
depressions in its opposite sides as described the said bar iron is rolled of the
required sectional figure and size in the ordinary way, and is then passed through,
the grooves of a pair of rolls, the acting surfaces of which are provided with V
shaped projections of the size and figure proper to produce the V depressions in the
opposite sides of the bar iron.
The bar of iron when rolled of the figure described is cut up into blanks by
dividing the bar transversely at the thin junctions of the point parts, each blank
so separated being afterwards cut transversely at its middle to form two spike
blanks, the spike blanks being headed and finished in the ordinary way or other-
wise. The dividing of the lengths of spike iron into double blanks, and the
[Price Gd.l

page_text: dividing of the double blanks may be effected while the iron is hot from the rolls
or when cold.
Instead of leaving a junction piece between the double spike blanks of the bar
and afterwards separating them from the bar as described, the double spike blanks
may be separated from the bar in the act of pointing the bar by the rolling
operation.
For the purpose of preventing the formation of fins on the sides of the length of
spike iron I use a pair of side rolls in conjunction with the principal pair of rolls
by which the iron is fashioned. The said pair of side rolls is mounted upon axes
at right angles to those of the principal rolls, and the said side rolls bear against
the collars of the principal rolls and take motion from them, or the said side rolls
may be driven by gearing. By the pressure of the said side rolls the escape of the
iron between the collars of the principal rolls is prevented and the spike iron is
produced without fins.
In manufacturing .cotters or keys according to my Invention I-roll step shaped
iron without fins by the use of. machinery of the kind described with respect to
the manufacture of spike iron, that is to say, I roll lengths of iron having the
figure of a series of cotters or keys joined head to point, the sides of the said iron
being without fins. I divide the step-like lengths of iron into cotter or keys blanks,
and complete the manufacture of the cotters or keys in the ordinary way.
My improvements are applicable to cotters or keys of various kinds.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Scattergood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th
February 1877.
Works. "
JAMES SCATTERGOOD, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Manager of
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY SPIKES AND COTTERS
OR KEYS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in the manu-
facture of railway spikes and cotters or keys, and in machinery to be used in the
said manufacture, whereby great economy in the manufacture of the said spikes
and cotters or keys results.
In manufacturing railway spikes according to my Invention I roll the length of
bar iron from which the spikes are to be made of the figure of a series of blanks
joined point to point, each blank having the figure of two spike blanks joined
head part to head part. I form the point parts of the length of iron by rolling on
opposite sides of the square or other shaped bar of iron from which the spike iron
is to be made, and at the required distances apart V shaped depressions, the bottoms
of the V shaped depressions nearly touching each other, so that the iron at the
point parts is joined only by a thin junction piece.
In making the length of bar iron having the point parts or the V shaped
depressions in its opposite sides as described, the said bar iron is rolled of the
required sectional figure. or size in the ordinary way, and is then passed through
the groove of a pair of rolls, the acting surfaces of which are provided with V
shaped projections of the size and figure proper to produce the V depressions in the
opposite sides of the bar iron.
The bar of iron, when rolled, of the figure described, is cut up into blanks by
dividing the bar transversely at the thin junctions of the point parts, each blank
so separated being afterwards cut transversely at its middle to form two spike
blanks, the spike blanks being headed and finished in the ordinary way or other-
wise. The dividing of the lengths of spike iron into double blanks and the
dividing of the double blanks may be effected while the iron is hot from the rolls
or when cold.

page_text: Instead of leaving a junction piece between the double spike blanks of the bar,
and afterwards separating them from the bar as described, the double spike blanks
may be separated from the bar in the act of pointing the bar by the rolling
operation.
For the purpose of preventing the formation of fins on the sides of the length
of spike iron use a pair of side rolls in conjunction with the principal pair of
rolls by which the iron is fashioned. The said pair of side rolls is mounted upon
axes at right angles to those of the principal rolls, and the said side rolls bear
against the collars of the principal rolls, and take notion from them, or the said
side rolls may be driven by gearing. By the pressure of the said side rolls the
oscape of the iron between the collars of the principal rolls is prevented, and the
spike iron is produced without fins.
In place of side rolls the collars of the principal rolls may be pressed and main-
tained in close contact with the acting parts of the rolls by moving the rolls bodily
in opposite directions by set or adjusting screws constituting centres on which the
shafts of the rolls turn.
In manufacturing cotters or keys according to my Invention I roll step-shaped
iron without fins by the use of machinery of the kind described with respect to
the manufacture of spike iron, that is to say, I roll lengths of iron having the
figure of a series of cotters or keys joined hend to point, the sides of the said iron
being without fins 1 divide the step-like lengths of iron into cotter or key blanks
and complete the manufacture of the cotters or keys in the ordinary way.
My improvements are applicable to cotters or keys of various kinds.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents in edge view and plan a piece of spike iron rolled according
to my Invention for the manufacture of railway spikes. The said spike iron has
the figure of a series of blanks marked a, a, joined point to point, each of the said
blanks having the length and figure of two spike blanks joined head part to head
part. The point parts of the spike iron are made by rolling on opposite sides of
the bar shaped or angular depressions marked b, b, the bottoms of the said
depressions on one side of the bar being connected to the hottons of the
depressions on the opposite side of the bar by thin junction pieces c, c.
dividing the spike iron, Figure 1, transversely at the thin junction pieces c, c,
double spike blanks of the kind represented at a², Figure 2, are made, and by
dividing the double blanks a transversely at the dotted line e two spike blanks are
formed from each double blank, as represented at a³, a³, Figure 2. The blanks
a³, a³, Figure 2, are headed and finished in any desired manner.
By
Finished spikes made from two of the blanks as are represented at f, g, Figure 2,
but other kinds of spikes may be made from blanks formed as described.
I roll the lengths of spike iron, Figure 1, and prevent the formation of fins on
the sides of the said spike iron by the use of the rolling machinery represented in
the cross sections, Figures 3, 4, and 5, and end elevation, Figure 6, the said sections
Figures 3, 4, and 5 being taken through the groove or acting parts of the rolls.
Figure 7 represents sections taken at right angles to one another of one of the
rolls of the machine drawn to a larger scale, the said Figure 7 exhibiting the method
of building up the roll.
Figure 8 represents in plan and side elevation one of the side or pressing rolls of
the machine detached, drawn to a larger scale, and Figure 9 represents an end
clevation of the same.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 3 to 9.
The pair of shaping rolls of the machine are marked g, n, h, n, the said rolls being
fixed on the spindles i, k, working in the housings l, l, and being geared together by
the spur or toothed wheels m, m. The acting surfaces of the rolls are marked g, h,
the said surfaces being provided with projecting parts, marked respectively g³, h³, for
fashioning or pointing the length of spike iron passed between them, that is, pro-
ducing the V or angular depressions b, b. Figure 1 on opposite sides of the bar iron;

page_text: n, n, are the collars of the rolls by which the lateral spreading of the bar as it
passes through the rolls is prevented.
The manner in which the bar of iron is introduced between the acting surfaces of
the rolls, and shaped into the formn represented in Figure 1, will be understood by
an examination of Figures 3, 4, and 5.
In Figure 3, the bar marked p is represented seized between the rolls; in Figure
4 a double spike blank is represented rolled on the bar; and in Figure 5 a series of
double spike blanks rolled on the bar. When the double blanks are required to be
separated from the bar by the action of the rolls, the upper roll g is brought down
so near to the lower roll that the summits of the pointing parts g², h², meet or
como in contact with one another after fashioning or shaping the iron, thereby
shearing or separating the blank which is about leaving the rolls from the partly
shaped bar behind it, as will be understood by an examination of Figures 3, 4,
and 5.
The manner of constructing or building up the rolls is represented in Figure 7.
Made solid to the spindle or shaft i or k of the roll is a collar q, between which and
the loose collar the disc g forming the acting part of the roll and the acting collar
I of the roll are secured by the screw bolts and nuts at 8. The parts g and I are
keyed to the shaft i by the key at t.
The side rolls for preventing the escape of the iron between the collars n, n, of
the principal rolls, and consequently the production of spike iron without fins, are
markod u, u. The said side rolls u, u, are mounted upon vertical axes turning in
the framings v, v. The framings v, v, carrying the side rolls u, u, are connected to
the housings 1, 1, of the principal rolls by the screw pins at w, w, passing through
cross pieces x, x, on the said framings and the said housings as best seen in
Figure 6.
By an examination of the said Figure 6, it will be seen that the said side rolls
u, u, bear against the collars n, n, of the principal rolls and take motion from them.
By the pressure of the side rolls u, u, the said collars n, n, are pressed forcibly in
contact with the sides or faces of the acting parts g, h, of the principal rolls, and the
escape of the iron between the collars and the faces of the acting parts of the rolls
is prevented, and the spike iron rolled by the said rolls is produced without fins.
Instead of preventing the formation of fins on the spike iron by side rolls bearing
upon the collars of the principal rolls, the modification represented in Figure 10
may be employed for effecting the same object. In this modification each of
the principal rolls of the machine is capable of a longitudinal motion towards the
other roll, so that the collar of one roll may be pressed to and maintained in contact
against the face of the acting part of the other roll, and the escape of iron between
the bearing parts of the rolls provented.
In the said modification, Figure 10, I employ in addition to the ordinary pair of
housings 1, 1, supplementary housings 1, 12, connected to the principal housings 6, 1, by
the tie rods at B,, fastened by cotters at 4, 1, and screw nuts at 15, 1. The shafts
i, k, of the rolls are geared together by two pairs of toothed wheels x, x, and y, y.
To one end of the shaft i of the upper roll a centre 2 is applied, and to the opposite
end of the shaft k of the lower roll a similar centre 3 is applied, the said shafts
rotating upon the said centres 2 and 3. These centres bear upon steel bushes 4, 4,
in the ends of the shafts i, k, a lubricant being supplied to the said bushes, and
the centres working in them by the holes at 5, 5. The centres 2, 3, are screwed,
and are capable of adjustment in the screw boxes 6, 6, which boxes are capable only
of a vertical adjustment in the slots of the housings 12, 12. By adjusting the centre
2 in its screw box, the collar n of the upper roll may be pressed into contact with
the face of the acting part of the lower roll and by adjusting the centre 3 in its
screw box the collar n² of the lower roll may be pressed in the opposite direction
and made to bear closely against the face of the acting part g of the upper roll.
The adjusted centres 2, 3, are fixed by the lock nuts at 7, 7.
Although I have only described the rolling, by the use of the machinery described,
of finless spike iron having the form shown in Figure 1, yet 1 wish it to be under-

page_text: stood that the said machinery may also be applied to the production of finless spike
iron in which the blanks are joined head part to point part, and to other kinds of
finless spike iron.
When I use the machinery described and illustrated in Figures 3 to 10, both
inclusive, for rolling step-shaped iron without fins for the manufacture of cotters or
keys, I give the peripheries or acting surfaces of the rolls the figures necessary to
produce the step shaped iron represented in Figure 11 instead of that represented
in Figure 1. By passing a plain bar through rolls of the kind last described, a
step like length of iron, the sides of which are without fins, is produced as
represented in Figure 11, the length of iron Figure 11 being divided at the parts
2,2, to produce cotter or key blanks. Figure 12 represents a cotter or key blank
cut from the step iron Figure 11.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to
the precise details herein-before described and illustrated as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of my Invention, as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of my Invention, but I claim as my Invention
of improvements in the manufacture of railway spikes and cotters or keys, and in
machinery to be used in the said manufacture,-
First. Making railway spikes from lengths of rolled bar iron having the figure of
a series of blanks joined point to point, each blank having the length and figure of
two spike blanks joined head part to head part, substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The construction and combination of the parts of machinery to bo
used in the rolling of the said spike iron herein-before described, and illustrated in
Figures 3 to 9, both inclusive, of the accompanying Drawings, that is to say,
constructing the acting surfaces of the grooves of the rolls with V slaped or angular
projections proper for pointing the bar iron or for producing the V or angular
depressions on opposite sides of the bar iron, substantially as described and
illustrated.
Thirdly. The arrangement or combination of side pressing rolls with the principal
rolls of the machine as herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 3 to 9, both
inclusive, of the accompanying Drawings for preventing the formation of fins on the
sides of the lengths of bar iron from which railway spikes and cotters or keys are
to be manufactured; also the modification herein-before described and illustrated in
Figure 10 of the accompanying Drawings, in which the principal rolls are made
capable of a longitudinal adjustment for the same purpose.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Scattergood, have hereunto set my hand
and scal, this Thirteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
JOSEPH POVEY,
Stour Valley Works,
West Bromwich.
JAMES SCATTERGOOD. (L.S.)