IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING NUTS AND WASHERS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, of 32, Essex
Street, Strand, London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING NUTS AND WASHERS." - A communication
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 31st January 1855.
.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 32, Essex Street, London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING NUTS AND WASHERS," to be as
follows; and consists in a combination of devices, whereby the nut or washer
is cut from a bar of metal, heated or cold, punched and swedged into shape
at one operation; also in the peculiar combination of the punch and dies, with
a piston operated by steam or compressed air; and also for discharging the
nut or washer from the forming or die box by the backward stroke of the
piston.

page_text: The lower end of the piston rod forms a head block, sliding in guides, at
each end of which are secured metallic plates, to ease the action of the piston
and other parts of the machine, and guage the thickness of the article produced;
at the same time steam may be received at either end of the cylinder, so as to
act in concert with the plates.
The die block is secured to the anvil by side keys, and is easily adjusted
thereon; three sides of the upper portion of the die block are surrounded by a
spring guide attached to the bed plate, and which also forms a shoulder above
the die block on two sides.
The punch is fitted to the head block by a socket, and extends through a
check and check plate, so that they slide independently of the punch. The
check is also fitted to slide in the die or forming box, while the die is secured
in a case or ring. The die (and case thus combined) is attached to the head
block.
At the lower end of the valve rod is a spring in a case. A rock shaft works
upon a wrist attached to the frame, and one end plays in a slot in the valve
rod; the other end is connected to the reversing rod, the pin of which is
connected to the head block, and plays in the reversing link, which forms
part of the rod; the lower end of it is flat, and has a hole to receive a
check bolt, forced into it by a spiral spring. A finger loosely clasps the check
bolt on each side. The lower end of the finger works upon a pin joint with a
trigger.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 23rd July 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 32, Essex Street, Strand, London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, Her special licence that I, the
said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my

page_text: executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING
NUTS AND WASHERS," a communication from Charles H. Wateron, of America,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Auguste Edouard
Loradoux Bellford, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:-
The nature of this Invention consists in a combination of devices for
making nuts and washers, whereby the nut or washer is cut from a heated or
cold bar of metal, punched and swedged into shape at one simultaneous
operation; also in the peculiar combination of the punch and dies, with
other suitable devices, to a piston operation, the action of steam or compressed
air in forming nuts and washers, and also for discharging the same from the
forming or die box when made. By this means the dies acquire a power
doubly effective and instantaneous by the gravity of the piston, piston rod, and
cam, and the force of steam on the piston. As the nuts and washers are thus
formed in the box and discharged by an instantaneous percussive action
and reaction of the piston, the punch and dies are not injured by the heat
from the bar.
The punch and dies may be operated by means of a crank, cam, or eccentric;
but I prefer the manner described, as being more effective, and by its instan-
taneous operation in forming and discharging, so that the heated metal shall
not remain in the die to impart its heat and injure the tools, which would be
the case if the nut or washer was made and discharged by slow means.
Having stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe its
construction and operation with reference to the annexed Drawings; in which,
Fig. 1 is a front elevation; Fig. 2, an end view; Fig. 3, a back view; Fig. 4,
a transverse section in the direction of the lines X, X, in Figs. 1 and 3;
Fig. 5, a vertical section. The other views are detached sections, which will

page_text: be referred to in description. Like letters designate like parts in the several
Figures.
A, the bed plate,: upon which rests the columns B, B. These columns
support the top plate C and cylinder D.
The parts A, B, and C constitute the frame of the machine, and are secured
together by bolts in any desirable manner. The steam cylinder D is attached
to the top plate C, on the under side of which is the piston rod stuffing
box C. To the cylinder is, secured the steam, chest E, Figs. 1 and 2, pro-
vided with receiving and exhausting pipes, and communicating, with the
cylinder in, the ordinary way. To the piston F, Fig. 5, is secured the piston
rod F, the lower end of which forms a head block F", which slides in the
guides G, G, formed in the columns. At each end of the guides are secured a
series or combination of metallic plates H, H, and H, H'. The plates H', H',
ease the action of the piston and other parts of the machine at the termination
of the back stroke as the head block is brought in contact with the plates
directly after the nut or washer is thrown out, and the plates H, H, ease the
action of the punch and dies, and prevent them from straining. when brought
in contact in forming the nut or washer, and also guage the article to any
uniform thickness, according to the number of plates; but at the same time
steam may be received into the cylinder at either end, so as to act in concert
with the plates, if desirable.
The die block I is secured to the anvil J by side keys K, K, by which it is
readily adjusted and keyed in place. L is a spring guide, supported and
attached to the bed plate by the brace L'. One side of the spring surrounds
the upper portion of the die block on three sides, as seen in Fig. 4, and is
raised, forming a shoulder above the die block, as, seen in Figs. 1 and 3, but
only on two sides L", L", Fig. 4. The bar, before the blank is cut off, rests
upon the spring guide at L, may be a little above the die block, so as to be
less heated than it would be if the hot bar. rested upon the die block. Py
means of this guide the bar is quickly adjusted in place for the punch
and dies.
:
The punch M is fitted to the head block by a socket, and extends through
the check N and check plate N', so that they slide independently of the
punch. The check N is also fitted to slide in the die or forming box O,
while the die O is secured in the case or ring P. The die and case thus
combined is, attached to the head block F by bolts and plates, as seen at
Q, Q, Fig. 6.
Fig. 7 represents in sections the devices described as being directly employed

page_text: in making nuts and washers; and: Fig. 8 shows a, vertical section of the
combination of the same
The motive power, being. admitted to the upper end of the piston, the head
block descends to the position seen in Fig. 5, which causes the die block I to
pass a little into the die box 0; by this, contact the nut is punched by the
punch passing into the punch hole in the diesblock, and cut off from the bar
by the contact of the die block, and die box, O, the nut, or washer being
compressed into shape, in the chamber of the die box. Thus, the nut or washer
is punched, cut off from the bar, and; swedged or, compressed into shape
simultaneously at one blow or stroke of the piston, and by the reverse stroke
the article is. thrown out from the die boxv
:
As the nut is being formed, or forced in the chamber of the die box, the
check N, which slides.in it, rises from the position seen in Figures 1 and 2, to
that shown in Figure 5, when the check plate N¹-is raised up against the head
block by the check N, and. there, stops. until the nut is thrown out by the
check plate being brought in contact with the check bars B', B', when it drops
down; as seen in Figures 1 and 3. By the means and in manner described,
the nut or, washer, is formed in, and discharged, from the die box O by the
percussive action of the piston, so instantaneous as not to injure the.tools
by heat from the metal:.:.
.t'
1. R, Figures, 1 and 2, is. the valve rod, to which is attached, by a nut at
the lower end, a spring S, in the case T, as indicated by the dotted lines in
Figure 1. The rock shaft: U works upon a wrist attached to the frame,
and one end plays in a slot in the valve rod; the other end is connected
to the reversing rod V by a pin joint. The reversing pin W is connected to
the head block, and plays in the reversing link V; which forms, a part
of the rod. The lower end of it is flat, in which is the hole a, for the
reception of the check bolt; b, which passes into the hole by the force of
the spiral spring attached to it, as seen in Figure 2. The finger c loosely
clasps the check bolt on each side, as seen at c, b, Figure 4, where there
is a shoulder on the bolt, which allows the finger to withdraw from the
hole a the bolt b. The lower end of the finger works upon a pin joint
at d, Figure 2, with the trigger e. The catch t is connected to the finger c
by a pin joint, and catches into the trigger e, as seen in Figure 2, when
the piston is up. The spring g is for the purpose of throwing the trigger
back in place again when it is moved out in operating the valve or stroke of
the piston. is a brace attached to the frame for securing the devices
described for operating the valve and stroke of the piston in place.

page_text: The piston F and head block F are always supposed to be up when the
trigger e is moved. By lightly pressing upon the trigger, the check bolt bis
drawn out of the hole a in the reversing rod; at that instant the steam valve
is reversed by the spiral spring S, attached to the end of the valve rod, and the
steam applied to the upper side of the piston, the down stroke of the piston
and rod being simultaneous. As the head block descends, the reversing pin W
comes in contact with the lower end of the link V¹, thereby reversing the
steam valve, so that the head block ascends, and by means of the check bolt
entering the hole a in the reversing rod as it descends with and by the action
of the reversing pin W in the head block, it is held by the force of steam
on the under side of the piston in its former position, ready to descend again
on pressing the trigger e. On the instant the check bolt is withdrawn from
the reversing rod, the piston and head blook make an instantaneous double
stroke, forming the article by the punch and dies on the descent of the piston,
and detaching it from the die box on the ascent of the piston, in the manner
before described. .
I design arranging the reversing link and rod, in connection with the rock
shaft U, so as to cut off steam at any desirable point of the down stroke by
the reversing pin W. I do not design to confine myself explicitly to the
arrangement as herein described, but to alter and modify the same as may be
found expediant, involving the same general principle of construction and
operation for the purpose set forth.
I claim, first, cutting from a bar of metal a blank, punching, compressing,
or swedging the same into shape (nut or washer) at one simultaneous
operation by the combination of devices described, or by any other means,
substantially the same.
Second, the herein-described method, or its equivalent, of instantly dis-
charging the nut or washer from the die box in which it is formed by the
backward stroke of the piston, for the purpose specified.
Third, the combination of a punch and dies with a piston rod and piston,
arranged in the manner described, or by any other means the equivalent
thereof, operated by the action of steam or compressed air, for the purpose
and in the manner described.
Fourth, the method described, or substantially the same, for controlling the
stroke or blow of the head block F in the forming nuts and washers, and
the discharging the same by means of the trigger e, finger c, catch t, check
bolt b, reversing rod V, pin W, rock shaft U, valve rod R, and spring S,
combined in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

page_text: Fifth, the plates H, HI, and II', H', combined in the manner and for the
purpose specified..
In witness whercof, I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
A. E. LORADOUX BELLFORD. (L.S.)