IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OR CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Norris, of the Firm of Messrs. Charles Jeakes
and Compy, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT
OR CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS."
Sealed the 23rd January 1863, and dated the 29th July 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Norris at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
July 1862.
I, JAMES NORRIS, of the Firm of Messrs. Charles Jenkes and Comp',
Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT.
OR CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improved arrangements of the fire-place
and flues of ovens for baking, cooking, or other purposes for which heat is
required, whereby great economy of fuel is obtained in ovens of large or small
dimensions at a very moderate cost in construction. For this purpose at the
lower part of and supported within the chamber of the oven (which may be
formed of brickwork or other suitable materials, with air spaces to prevent
radiation of heat,) a narrow space or chamber is formed, the upper surface of
which constitutes the bottom of the oven, and encloses the upper part of the
furnace or fire-place, formed by deepening the lower part of the narrow
chamber near the centre to receive the fuel for the purpose of heating the
This chamber is made by preference of cast iron, either in one piece
or cast in plates, tubes, or other suitable forms, and the parts in contact with

page_text: the fire may be protected by fire-bricks or tiles. At the ends, centre, or other
part of the upper surface of the chamber over the furnace or fire-place narrow
slots or openings are formed from or near the front towards the back of the
These openings communicate with passages or flues, which rise up and
are continued over the top of the oven, forming a narrow chamber or fluo at
the upper part thereof, from which the heat and products of combustion pass
away by a suitable flue regulated by a damper, which flue, if desired, may be
arranged to impart heat to water, or other purposes. Thus it will be seen
that the flues which rise from the closed chamber over the fire-place or
furnace form the oven into two or more compartments, in which the articles to
bo baked, cooked, heated, or dried may be placed upon shelves, or otherwise.
A narrow air space is left between the flues forming the oven, as above
described, and the inner sides of the chamber in which it is supported.
Suitable apertures are arranged for the introduction of air when required.
Where several ovens of large dimensions are required to be fixed in one
"sotting," two or more fire-places may be employed for heating the same if
desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Norris in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th
January 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
NORRIS, of the Firm of Messrs. Charles Jeakes and Company, Great Russell
Street, Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Fler
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Norris, Her special licence that I, the said James Norris, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Norris, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree.
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGE-
MENT OR CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said James Norris, my executors or administrators, by an instrument

page_text: in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Norris, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improved arrangements of the fire-place
and flues of ovens for baking, cooking, or other purposes for which heat is
required, whereby great economy of fuel is obtained in ovens of large or small
dimensions at a very moderate cost in construction. For this purpose at the
lower part of and supported within the chamber of the oven (which may be
formed of brick work or other suitable materials, with air spaces to prevent
radiation of heat,) a narrow space or chamber is formed, the upper surface of
which constitutes the bottom of the oven, and encloses the upper part of the
furnace or fire-place formed by deepening the lower part of the narrow
chamber near the centre to receivo the fuel for the purpose of heating the
oven. This chamber is made by preference of cast iron, either in one piece,
or cast in plates, tubes, or other suitable forms, and the parts in contact with
the fire may be protected by fire-bricks or tiles. At the ends, centre, or other
part of the upper surface of the chamber over the furnace or fire-place, narrow
slots or openings are formed from or near the front towards the back of the
oven. These openings communicate with passages or flues, which rise up and
are continued over the top of the oven, forming a narrow chamber or flue at
the upper part thereof, from which the heat and products of combustion pass
away by a suitable flue regulated by a damper, which flue, if desired, may be
arranged to impart heat to water, or for other purposes. Thus it will be seen
that the flues which rise from the closed chamber over the fire-place or
furnace form the oven into two or more compartments, in which the articles
to be baked, cooked, heated, or dried may be placed upon shelves, or otherwise.
A narrow air space is left between the .flues forming the oven, as above
described, and the inner sides of the chamber in which it is supported.
Suitable apertures are arranged for the introduction of air when required.
Where several ovens of large dimensions are required to be fixed in one
"setting," two or more fire-places may be employed for heating the same if
desired.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and

page_text: Figure 1 shows a front view, Figures 2 and 3 are vertical sections, and
Figures 4, 5, and 6 show plans in section of an oven arranged and con-
structed according to my Invention.
a is the fire-chamber or furnace, the upper plate or surface a of which
forms the bottom or floor of the oven 6, 6; narrow slots or openings are
formed in the plate or surface a', which conduct the heat and products of
combustion from the furnace a into the vertical flues c, c, at each end and
centre, thus dividing the oven 6 (in this arrangement) into two distinct com-
In ovens of small
partments closed by separate doors 6, 1, in front.
dimensions the central flue c may be dispensed. The flues or passages
c, c, are continued over the top of the oven, and communicate with the
flue c', in which a regulating damper d is placed; an air space e, e, is left
between the flues and parts forming the oven and the inner sides of the
chamber within which it is supported. The interior of the oven bis fitted
with moveable shelves to receive the articles to be baked, heated, or dried.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means
I am acquainted with for carrying the same into practice, I would have it
understood that I do not intend to confine myself to the exact details
herein shown and described, so long as the peculiar character of my Inven-
tion be retained; but what I claim is, the arrangement and construction of
ovens, as herein described, whereby great economy of fuel is obtained in
heating the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Norris, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE,
Patent Agent,
34, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, W.C.
JAMES NORRIS. (L.S.)