IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS AND MACHINERY AND METHOD OR METHODS FOR EXTRACTING VEGETable SubstanceS FROM AND PRESERVING THE COLOR AND STAPLE OF WOOL, WOOLLEN BAGS, AND ANIMAL SUBSTANCES, AND REUSING CERTAIN AGENTS EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESS, ALSO REMOVING DARE SHADE
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Rydill, of No. 6, Maze Pond, Borough,
in the County of Surrey, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS AND MACHINERY AND METHOD OR METHODS FOR
EXTRACTING VEGETable SubstanceS FROM AND PRESERVING THE COLOR AND
STAPLE OF WOOL, WOOLLEN BAGS, AND ANIMAL SUBSTANCES, AND REUSING
CERTAIN AGENTS EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESS, ALSO REMOVING DARE SHADE."
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Rydill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th October 1871.
I, GEORGE RYDILL, of No. 6, Maze Pond, Borough, in the County of
Surrey, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND MACHINERY AND METHOD OR METHODS FOR
EXTRACTING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FROM AND PRESERVING THE. COLOR AND
STAPLE OF WOOL, WOOLLEN RAGS, AND ANIMAL SUBSTANCES, AND REUSING CERTAIN

page_text: AGENTS EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESS, ALSO REMOVING DARK SHADe,” to be as
follows:-
By the application and employment of sulphuric acid, sulphuric acid
gas, muriatic or hydrochloric acid, muriatic or hydrochloric acid gas,
alum and caustic soda at a strength by Twaddle's hydrometer of from
two to twenty degrees.
My Invention consists in forming a cylindrical or other shaped vessel
made of iron, copper, iron lined with lead, wood, stone, or any other
material capable of standing hydraulic, steam, or atmospheric pressure,
having a tight moveable faced fitting lid fastened down with screws,
hydraulic or steam pressure by means of a ram acting upon the lid. I fix
a reservoir above the cylindrical vessel containing for instance diluted
sulphuric or muriatic acid, which reservoir and cylindrical. vessel or
vessels are connected by means of a pipe in which is fixed a tap or
valve. I then fill the cylindrical vessel with wool, woollen rags, and i
animal substances which contain part vegetable substances to be
extracted. I then put on the lid of the cylindrical vessel con-
taining the material, which is made to fit air-tight, and fasten down
the same. I then pump out the air in the cylindrical vessel with
an air pump to form a vacuum, which is attached to the cylindrical a
vessel containing the material, or the air is forced out of the cylindrical
vessel by means of steam conveyed by a pipe from a steam boiler into the
cylindrical vessel which drives out the air through a tap or valve placed
in the lid. I then shut off the steam and close the tap or valve in the
lid of the cylindrical vessel and allow time for the steam to condense; or
I pass through a coiled pipe placed round the sides of the vessel cold
water and condense the steam to form a vacuum in the vessel; or tho
vessel may be jacketted. I then open the tap or valve in the pipe which
connects the cylindrical vessel containing the material to be extracted
with the reservoir placed above, when the diluted acid or alum liquid,
which may vary in strength from 2 to 20 degrees on Twaddle's hydro-
meter, flows through the pipe from the reservoir, the atmospheric
pressure acting upon the acid or alum liquid in the reservoir sends the
liquid with great force in amongst the material, which immediately
penetrates every fibre, causing all thick and heavy woollen and vegetable
substances, for instanco coat collars, to be penetrated. I then shut off
the acid or alum liquid by means of the tap or valve in the pipe
connecting the reservoir with the cylindrical vessel. I then let off the

page_text: acid or alum liquid through a valve fixed at the bottom of the cylindrical
vessel containing the saturated material into a cistern placed underneath
for reuse.
I then remove the material so saturated and place the same
in a.hydro-extractor to remove surplus acid or alum liquid, or I press out
the acid or alum liquid by means of a screw fixed to the cylindrical
vessel. By this method or methods of treatment the acid or alum liquid
is so quickly forced into the material composed of animal and vegetable
substances, and so quickly is the surplus liquid removed that the colours
are not lifted or removed the same as by long steeping or laying in acid
or alum liquids in an open vessel, and the liquid being sent in amongst
the material under pressure it prevents the necessity of using strong
acid or alum liquid. The weaker the acid liquids are used the less
injurious effect it has upon the wool and animal substances, preserving
the colour and staple of animal substances. Material so treated I dry in
a heated room to remove vegetable substances, or I remove vegetable
substances in the manner described in my Specification dated October

page_text: the cylindrical vessel and the tap or valve in the lid and allow the acid
or allum liquid to flow into the cistern placed underneath. I then
remove the lid, draw out the material by means of chains attached to
the perforated bottom on which the material rests, or the cylindrical
vessel is made to rotate by means of two arms projecting from the sides
of the cylindrical vessel enabling the same to turn over so that the
material may fall out.
When large quantities of wool and animal substances are required to
be saturated with acid or alum liquids at one time the cylindrical vessel
is placed in a horizontal position. I then place the material to be
saturated in a perforated vessel or vessels placed on wheels, and run
the same into the cylindrical vessel on rails, fasten on the lid, and
fill up the vessel with acids or alum liquids and allow atmospheric
or hydraulic pressure to act upon the same; or I allow water from
hydraulic mains connected to the cylindrical vessel to give pressure after
the vessel had previously been filled as much as possible with acid or
alum liquids by pumping in the same with a hand pump; or I form a
deep well or vessel and weigh a vessel containing material to be
extracted and carry it down into the acid or alum liquids in order that
the material may receive pressure.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Rydill in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th April 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
RYDILL, of No. 6, Mazo Pond, Borough, in the County of Surrey,
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Rydill, Her special
licence that I, the said George Rydill, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Rydill,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any timo
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-

page_text: after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND MACHINERY AND METHOD OR
METHODS FOR EXTRACTING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FROM AND PRESERVING THE
COLOR AND STAPLE OF WOOL, WOOLLEN RAGS, AND ANIMAL SUBSTANCES, AND
REUSING CERTAIN AGENTS EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESS, ALSO REMOVING DARK
SHADES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Rydill, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Rydill, do hereby. declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
By the application and employment of sulphuric acid, sulphuric acid
gas, muriatic or hydrochloric acid, muriatic or hydrochloric acid gas,
alum and caustic soda, at a strength by Twiddle's hydrometer of from
two to twenty degrees.
My Invention consists in forming a cylindrical or other shaped vessel,
made of iron, copper, iron lined with lead, wood, stone, or any other
material capable of standing hydraulic, steam, or atmospheric pressure,
having a tight moveable faced fitting lid fastened down with screws,
hydraulic or steam pressure by means of a ram acting upon the lid. I
fix a reservoir above the cylindrical vessel or vessels are connected by
means of a pipe, in which is fixed a tap or valve. I then fill the
> cylindrical vessel with wool, woollen rags, and animal substances which
contains part vegetable substances to be extracted. I then put on the lid
of the cylindrical vessel containing the material, which is made to fit
air-tight, and fasten down the same. I then pump out the air in the
cylindrical vessel with an air pump to form a vacuum, which is attached
to the cylindrical vessel containing the material, or the air is forced out
of the cylindrical vessel by means of steam conveyed by a pipe from a
steam boiler into the cylindrical vessel which drives out the air through á

page_text: tap or valve placed in the lid. I then shut off the steam and close the
tap or valve in the lid of the cylindrical vessel and allow time for the
steam to condense; or I pass through a coiled pipe placed round the
sides of the vessel cold water, and condense the steam to form a vacuum
in the vessel; or the vessel may be jacketted. I then open the tap or i
valve in the pipe which connects the cylindrical vessel containing the
material to be extracted with the reservoir placed above, when the
diluted acid or alum liquid, which may vary in strength from 2 to 20
degrees on Twiddle's hydrometer, flows through the pipe from the
reservoir, the atmospheric pressure acting upon the acid or alum liquid
in the reservoir sends the liquid with great force in amongst the material,
which immediately penetrates every fibre, causing all thick and heavy
woollen and vegetable substances, for instance, coat collars, to be
penetrated. I then shut off the acid or alum liquid by means of the tap
or valve in the pipe connecting the reservoir with the cylindrical vessel. ]
I then let off the acid or alum liquid through a valve fixed at the bottom
of the cylindrical vessel containing the saturated material into a cistern
placed underneath for reuse. I then remove the material so saturated
and place the same in a hydro-extractor to remove surplus acid or alum
liquid; or I press out the acid or alum liquid by means of a screw fixed
to the cylindrical vessel. By this method or methods of treatment the
acid or alum liquid is so quickly forced into the material composed of
animal and vegetable substances, and so quickly is the surplus liquid
removed that the colours are not lifted or removed the same as by long
steeping or laying in acid or alum liquids in an open vessel, and the
liquid being sent in amongst the material under pressure it prevents the
necessity of using strong acid or alum liquid. The weaker the acid
liquids are used the less injurious effect it has upon the wool and animal
substances, preserving the color and staple of animal substances.
Material so treated I dry in a heated room to remove vegetable sub-
stances, or I remove vegetable substances in the manner described in my
Specification, dated October 17th, 1871, No. 2751.
In case I wish to remove dye colouring and foreign matter from
woollen cloths and animal substances I allow the same to remain in the
cylindrical vessel under pressure for a longer period than for removing
cotton, so that the acid or alum liquids under pressure removes the

page_text: upon woollen and animal substances heated to boiling point under
pressure in the cylindrical vessel to remove the dye colouring matter.
I also place in a cylindrical or other shaped vessel wool, woollen, and
animal substances containing burrs, cotton, and vegetable substances to
be extracted, fasten down the lid with screws, and allow the acid liquid
from a reservoir placed above the cylindrical vessel to flow down a pipe
in amongst the wool and animal substances after the lid is screwed
down; or I pump the acid liquid into the cylindrical vessel out of the
cistern placed underneath through a tap or valve, fixed in the lid of the
cylindrical vessel, and when the cylindrical vessel appears full I shut
the tap or valve in the lid. Attached to this cylindrical vessel is a
pressure guage or valve, in order to see to the correct working of the
same; also an hydraulic or force pump, which I set to work and pump
or force in acid liquid or water, so that a pressure is obtained to cause
every particle of material to be penetrated, from 10 to 100 degrees pres-
sure. I then open the tap or valve placed underneath the cylindrical
vessel and the tap or valve in the lid, and allow the acid or alum liquid
to flow into the cistern placed underneath. I then remove the lid, draw
out the material by means of chains attached to the perforated bottom
on which the material rests, or the cylindrical vessel is made to rotate
by means of 2 arms projecting from the sides of the cylindrical vessel,
enabling the same to turn over so that the material may fall out.
When large quantities of wool and animal substances are required to
be saturated with acid or alum liquids at one time the cylindrical vessel
is placed in a horizontal position. I then place the material to be
saturated in a perforated vessel or vessels placed on wheels and run the
same into the cylindrical vessel on rails, fasten on the lid, and fill up the
vessel with acids or alum liquids and allow atmospheric or hydraulic
pressure to act upon the same; or I allow water from hydraulic mains
connected to the cylindrical vessel to give pressure after the vessel had
previously been filled as much as possible with acid or alum liquids by
pumping in the same with a hand pump; or I form a deep well or vessel
and weight a vessel containing material to be extracted and carry it
down into the acid or alum liquids in order that the material may
receive pressure; or I obtain hydraulic pressure by a screw ram.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 is a side section of a cylindrical vessel marked A,
which is charged with wool or woollen rags containing animal and
vegetable substances to be saturated with acid or alum liquids at a

page_text: strength on Twaddle's hydrometer of from 2 to 20 degrees. This
cylindrical vessel rests on two frames, one standing on each side of the
cylindrical vessel marked B, B, by means of two hollow shafts,
which are secured to the cylindrical vessel, one on each side. Hollow
shaft marked O is connected by means of a pipe containing a valve with
an air pump marked D. This pump is for the purpose of forming a
vacuum in the cylindrical vessel marked A. Hollow shaft marked E
is connected with a supply pipe marked F containing a valve with a
water-tight joint, which leads to an elevated cistern marked G contain-
ing diluted acid or alum liquids, which are made to flow from the
cistern G down the pipe F in amongst the material placed in the
cylindrical vessel marked A after a vacuum has been formed in the
cylindrical vessol A by the air pump D of about 14 lbs. pressure upon
the square inch, so that the material is thoroughly saturated with the
acid or alum liquids. The lid of this cylindrical vessel is marked H, to :
which is attached a pressure valve, vacuum gauge, and pipe with valve
for the introduction of air. Two or more cramps marked I, I, according
to the diameter of the vessel, are attached to the rim of the cylindrical
vessel A. Those cramps with screws or screw bolts, with nuts
marked I, I, are to screw down the lid I to the rim of the cylindrical
vessel A so that a tight joint is formed all round. Pipe marked J
containing a valve is for the purpose of letting off the acid or alum
liquid from the cylindrical vessel A through pipes J, J, jointed together
by means of a union joint into a cistern marked K for the purpose of
re-use. Crane marked L supporting balance weight attached to the
lid H by means of a chain raises the lid H when unscrewed from the
top of cylindrical vessel A for charging or emptying the same. Largo
wheel marked M is fixed on to the hollow shaft marked E. Frame
marked N is for supporting short length of shaft, on which is fixed a
small cog wheel marked O. A split drum forming fast and loose pulley
marked P, P, are for the purposes of causing the cylindrical vessel
to be turned to any required position for emptying and charging.
Pump marked Q, Q, is for the purpose of pumping the acid or alum
liquids from cistern K into cistern G for re-use. By this arrangement
the material placed in cylindrical vessel A is so quickly penetrated under
a vacuum and so quickly removed that the dye coloring matter is not
lifted. The said material is at once ready for removing the surplus acid
or alum liquids by an hydro-extractor, and making it ready for drying
purposes.

page_text: Figures 2 and 3 on Sheet 1 are 2 cylindrical vessels marked A, A.
These 2 cylindrical vessels are so arranged that an air pump marked B
to form a vacuum is fixed between the two cylindrical vessels. The 2
cylindrical vessels A, A, and air pump marked B are connected together
by means of pipes C, C, C, in which pipes are fixed valves forming a
free communication with each of the cylindrical vessels A, A, and air
pump B by means of union joints attached to pipes C, O, which are
screwed on to pipes D, D, which pipes are fastened to the bottom of
each cylindrical vessel marked A, A. To these short pipes marked D, D,
are fixed two valves for the purpose of working air pump B, so that a
vacuum can be formed in one cylindrical vessel while the other holding
the acid liquids is not disturbed; or a vacuum can be formed in the two
vessels at one and the same time. On the two lids marked E, E, are
pressure valves, vacuum gauges, also pipes with valves either for the
admission of air or acid liquids. Those bolts with nuts marked F, F,
F, F, are supported from the rim of the cylindrical vessel A. Those
bolts and nuts marked F, F, F, F, are to screw down the lids E, E, to
the rim of the cylindrical vessel A. Hollow shaft marked G contains a
valve and is connected by means of a pipe to a cistern, so that a supply
of acid liquids may be forced into the cylindrical vessel A as the
material absorbs the acid liquid. Shaft H is riveted to cylindrical
vessel A, which projects for the purpose of carrying a large cog wheel I.
Hollow shaft G and solid shaft H rests on two frames marked J, J.
Frame marked J supports a short length of shaft on which is fixed a
small cog wheel marked K. A split drum marked L is for the purpose
of causing cylindrical vessel A to turn to any required position. This
vessel A contains a perforated bottom marked M, with chains attached
to the same marked N, N, for the purpose of drawing out the material
when required. The cylindrical vessel A, Figure 3, is the vessel
in which I place the material such as animal and vegetable substances
to be saturated under atmospheric pressure. The lid of this vessel is
screwed down air-tight. The air pump B has a free communication
with vessel A, Figure 3, by the two valves being opened; the air is then
pumped out of vessel A, Figure 3, by air pump B. The valve is
then closed which leads to the air pump B, and the valve is opened in
pipe D, Figure 2. I then open the valve in the lid of this vessel, which
instantly causes the air to act on the acid liquid in vessel A, Figure 2,
which sends the acid liquid in amongst the material in vessel A,
Figure 8, with a force of about 14 lbs. pressure upon the. square inch,

page_text: which thoroughly saturates the material in a few seconds. The valve is
then closed at the bottom of vessel A, Figure 3, also valve at the top of
vessel A, Figure 2, and the air pump is set to work to pump out air in
vessel A, Figure 2. The valve leading to the air pump is then closed.
The valve at the bottom of vessel A, Figure 3, is opened, also the valve 5
in the lid of this vessel, which causes the air to act upon the acid liquid
amongst the material, which sends the acid liquid with great force into
cylindrical vessel A, Figure 2, so that vessel A, Figure 2, acts as a kind
of cistern. Cranes marked O, O, carry a balance weight and chain so
that the lids E are easily removed.
.
Figure 1 on Sheet 2 marked A, is a cylindrical vessel with two
moveable faced fitting lids marked B, B, secured to the cylindrical
vessel by bolts and nuts. C, C, C, C, pipe with valve marked D is for
the admission of air. The cylindrical vessel A rests on 2 frames
marked E, E. The cylindrical vessel A is supported by means of 2.1
hollows shafts marked F, F, resting on the 2 frames E, E. On one
hollow shaft is fixed a large cog wheel G, and is made to revolve by the
small cog wheel H, which is supported by a shaft and projecting bracket
marked I, I, turned round by handle J. Pipe marked K containing a
valve with union joint is for the purpose of letting off the liquid out of 2
the cylindrical vessel A into cistern placed underneath marked L. Hollow
shaft F is connected with a pipe M containing a valve, so that the acid
liquid flows down the pipe M from the cistern marked N into the
cylindrical vessel marked A, and when the material in vessel A is
thoroughly saturated with acid liquid from the cistern N, the valve in 2
pipe M is closed and a valve in pipo O is opened, which allows water
from a hydraulic main to pass through the hollow shaft F into
cylindrical vessel A, by which means hydraulic pressure is obtained in
vessel A to cause every particle of the material in the vessel to be
thoroughly saturated. Pump marked P, P, is for the purpose of raising 3
the acid liquid from cistern L into cistern N.
•
Figure 2 on Sheet 2 is a jacketed cylindrical vessel marked A con-
taining a moveable faced fitting lid marked B, to which is fixed a
valve, which lid is made secure to the cylindrical vessel by screw bolts
and nuts marked C, C. This lid is raised by means of a chain and 3
balance weight attached to swing crane D. The cylindrical vessel A. is
supported by 2 hollow shafts marked E, E, resting on 2 frames
marked F, F. On one hollow shaft is fixed a large cog wheel marked G
.

page_text: which is made to revolve by the small cog wheel marked H which is
supported by a shaft and projecting bracket I, I, which is turned round
by handle J. Pipe K containing a valve with union joint is for the
purpose of letting off the liquid out of the cylindrical vessel marked A. into
a cistern marked L. Hollow shaft E is connected with pipe M containing
a valve leading to cistern marked N which contains acid liquid. Steam
pipe marked O is attached to hollow shaft marked E. This steam pipe
contains a valve and is connected with a steam boiler for the purpose of
driving out the air from amongst the material in cylindrical vessel'
A through the valve fixed in the lid of the cylindrical vessel A to
form a vacuum. P, P, is a cold water pipe with valve and union joint,
so that cold water enters tho jacketed space Q to condense the steam in
cylindrical vessel A and form a vacuum. The valve in pipe M, leading
to the cistern is then opened and the atmospheric pressure acts upon the
acid liquid in the cistern, which immediately penetrates all thick and
heavy substances. Pipe R with valve is for the purpose of letting off
the cold water out of the jacketed space. Pump S, S, is for the
purpose of raising the acid liquid from cistern L to cistern K for re-use.
Figure 3 on Sheet 2 is a horizontal boiler or vessel marked A for the
) purpose of running in material in waggons fixed on wheels marked B,
which waggons sides are pierced with holes and rest on rails marked C.
This vessel is for saturating large quantities at one time, to which are
fixed the lids and plates marked D, D, secured to the horizontal boiler A
by means of bolts and nuts markod E, E, E, E. Pipe F contains a valvo
which leads to a cistern marked G, which is filled with diluted acid
liquid for the purpose of supplying the vessel A. When vessel A is
filled with acid liquid from the cistern the valve in pipe F is closed and
the valvo in pipe H, H, is opened which leads to an hydraulic pump I,
for the purpose of obtaining hydraulic pressure in amongst the material
in cylindrical vessel A. Valve J is for the purpose of ascertaining the
pressure in the vessel. When the required pressure is obtained the valve
in pipe H is closed and the valve in pipe K is opened, so that the liquid
in vessel A flows down the pipe into cistern L the moment the valve J
is raised to admit air. The pump marked M, M, is for raising the acid
¡liquid from cistern L into cistern G for re-uso. Cranes N, N, are for
the purpose of bearing two balance weights O, O, so that the lids of the
vessel A are casily removed when unscrewed. By this method of treat-
ment large quantities of material are thoroughly saturated.

page_text: The nature of my Invention consists in saturating animal and
vegetable substances by subjecting them to the action of sulphuric
or muriatic acids reduced in strength on Twaddle's bydrometer from 2
to 20 degrees along with about 1 pint of alum liquid and one pint of
caustic soda to every gallon of acid liquid, each standing at the same 5
strength when mixed together. I also wash the extracted material in
weak caustic soda liquid to neutralize the acid in the material.
1
Having now described the nature and particulars of my Invention, I
claim, the application and methods and apparatus herein described for
treating and saturating animal and vegetable substances and preserving
the color and staple of animal substances in acids or alum and caustic
soda liquids under hydraulic, atmospheric, or vacuum pressure; for the
purposes of saturating animal and vegetable substances so that they aro
thoroughly impregnated for extracting purposes with acids, or for
removing dyed coloring matter, or any mere. modification of the same. 1
And such my Invention being to the best of my knowledge and belief
entirely new in the extract process, and never before used in preparing
for extracting burry wool, and woollen rags, and woollen substances
containing part vegetable substances, I do declare this to be my
Specification without reserve or disguise, wherefore I do hereby claim 2
to maintain exclusive right and privilege to my said Invention for the
purposes herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Rydill, have hereunto set
my hand, and seal, this Seventeenth day of April, in the year of