IMPROVEMENTS IN INDIA-RUBBER OR CAOUTCHOUC TIRES FOR WHEELS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Francis Reynolds, of 16, Albert Square,.
in the Parish of Ratcliff, in the County of Middlesex, and Jonathan
Aldous Mays, of 2, West Street, Finsbury Circus, in the City of
London, for the Invention. of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDIA-RUBBER OR
CAOUTCHOUC TIRES FOR WHEELS."
Sealed the 20th January 1871, and dated the 19th October 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Francis
Reynolds and Jonathan Aldous Mays at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 19th October
18,70.
.
We, WILLIAM FRANCIS REYNOLDS, of 16, Albert Square, in the Parish
of Ratcliff, in the County of Middlesex, and JONATHAN ALDOUS MAYS,
of 2, West Street, Finsbury Circus, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDIA-
RUBBER OR CAOUTCHOUC TIRES FOR WHEELS," to be as follows:
In making such tires according to our Invention a strip or strips of
plaited or woven wire, or lengths of wire not plaited; or a plate or strip

page_text: or plates or strips of metal, either-perforated or not perforated, or such
like bodies or substances is or are to be inserted in the body of the
rubber or caoutchouc in the direction of its length.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Francis Reynolds and Jonathan Aldous
Mays in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th April 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
FRANCIS REYNOLDS, of 16, Albert Square, in the Parish of Ratcliff, in
the County of Middlesex, and JONATHAN ALDOUS MAYS, of 2, West
Street, Finsbury Circus, in the City of London, send greeting.
ப
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand. eight hundred and seventy, in the
thirty-fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said William Francis Reynolds
and Jonathan Aldous Mays, Her special licence that we, the said
William Francis Reynolds and Jonathan Aldous Mays, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William
Francis Reynolds and Jonathan Aldous Mays, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
INDIA-RUBBER OR CAOUTCHOUC TIRES FOR WHEELS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said William Francis Reynolds and
Jonathan Aldous Mays, our executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Francis Reynolds and
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page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment:
In making tires for wheels according to our Invention good qualities
of india-rubber or caoutchouc only are to be used, that is to say, '
rubber capable of more or less easy compression, and without any hard
or semi-hard rubber, such as is known as vulcanite or ebonite. They
may be made in single hoops or strips, or in a number of annular hoops
or in a number of separate strips, lengths, or sections, but a plate or
strip, or plates or strips. of iron or other suitable metal, by preference
perforated, or of such like material or body is or are to be inserted in
that part of the body of the tire intended to be nearest to the wheel
rim or in the base thereof, and preferably in the direction of its length.
In this way, that is, by inserting such plate or strip, or plates or strips
of perforated metal, or such like material in the novel manner above
described and herein-after more particularly specified, we produce india-
rubber wheel tires which have greater lateral rigidity of base than has
been hitherto attained in tires, in which good and soft qualities only
of india-rubber have been used, and which improved tires are from their
peculiar construction capable of being readily attached to the wheel
rims or peripheries.
In carrying out our Invention we insert a plate or strip, or plates or
strips of perforated metal or such like material in the body of the
rubber tire during the process of manufacture, and prior to the steaming
or vulcanizing of the rubber.
Figs. 1 and 2 in the accompanying Drawings (in all of which like
figures and letters refer to like parts) represent respectively a plan and
section of a part of a rubber tire made according to our Invention with
a plate or band of perforated iron or other suitable metal inserted therein.
a is the rubber; b, the metal plate; and c,.c, c, the perforations therein.
In referring herein to plates or strips of perforated iron or other
suitable metal, or to such like suitable material, we wish it to be under-
stood that for the purposes of our Invention we prefer to use strips or
plates of perforated iron for insertion in the body of the rubber, but
various other metallic substances, or bodies may be used in a similar way
and for the like purposes, or for one or both of such purposes, as those for
which we prefer to employ perforated iron, for instance; in some cases,.
and especially where the tire is made up of several annular hoops. or

page_text: .
sections, strips or bands of iron or other metal not perforated may be
placed within the body of the rubber; strips or bands,, or lengths of
wire, or such like material may also be used in this way and embedded
in the body of the rubber either in the form of straight or slightly
twisted strands, or plaited or woven coarsely into patterns of suitable
sections to enable the rubber to thoroughly surround and permeate the
same.
"
We wish it to be understood therefore that we do not confine ourselves:
to the use of perforated iron or other metal only, although we prefer that
material and in that form, but that our Invention includes the using of
wire in strands, or in plaits, or in wefts, and of plaits or strips of metal
not perforated, and of any such like metallic body or combination used
in a similar way and serving the same or similar purposes, or either or
any of them, as those herein described in or with reference to perforated
iron, or such-like suitable material.
In making up and vulcanizing rubber tires according to our Invention
we prefer that process of manufacture of the rubber which involves the
use of metal moulds, which are of the same transverse section in the
hollows thereof as is the shape of the tire required, and in which moulds
the rubber is steamed or vulcanized. The perforated metal or other
suitable material is in all cases, however, to be inserted in or made up
with the rubber prior to the tire being steamed or vulcanized, and
beyond this we do not limit ourselves to any particular process or plan
of manufacturing and vulcanizing the tire.
We do not confine ourselves to the use of any particular metal for
perforating, nor to the shape, size, or thickness of the same, save that it
must be of such nature and of such parts as to be incapable of being
easily stretched or bent edgewise.
We do not confine ourselves to the use of any particular sizes or
shapes of perforations, nor to any particular pattern or method of
arranging the same, the perforations must, however, be so made and
so disposed as to readily admit of the passage and adhesion of the rubber
within, through, and around the same, and thus enable the plate or
strip of metal to become thoroughly embedded in and intimately
connected with the rubber in which it is inserted. More than one
plate or strip of perforated metal or such like material may be used
in one hoop, strip, or section of rubber tire, and in that case the

page_text: perforated metal plates, or strips or plates of such-like other material
may be placed one above the other, or side by side or otherwise,
according to the thickness, or width, and shape of the tire.
. Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 represent a variety of methods by which our
rubber tires may be readily fastened or attached to the rims or peripheries
of wheels; Fig. 3 is a transverse section of the rim of a wooden wheel
with no iron tire attached thereto, and upon which our rubber tire is
fastened by means of nails d driven by means of a suitable punch
through slight holes (shewn by dotted lines) previously made right.
through the rubber from the under side, the heads of the nails d rest
upon the upper surface of the perforated plate b, and the shanks are
passed through the said perforations and so into the wood rim e; Fig. 4
represents a similar method of fastening on our rubber tires upon a
wheel already provided with an iron tire f, in this case holes are drilled
through the iron tire f to admit of the driving in of the nails d; Fig. 5
represents a side view, and Fig. 6 a section of a method of fixing our
rubber tires to the rims of wheels by means of metal tongues g passed.
through the tire at suitable intervals, and the ends of which tongues
may be nailed or screwed to the rim; Fig. 6 shews the ends of one
of the tongues g so bent over and screwed or nailed to the rim; and
Fig. 7 is a plan of the tongues; Fig. 8 represents a similar plan in
which the tongues form parts of the perforated metal plate or plates
already described.
We do not confine ourselves however to any particular plan or method
of fastening on of the tires. We simply place within the body of the
rubber a plate or band, or plates or bands of perforated metal or of such
like before mentioned material, which in the process of the vulcanizing
of the rubber tire become thoroughly attached to and embedded in the
same, and which when perforated as in the case of metal plates, or
plaited as in the case of woven or plaited wire, become permeated by
the rubber, and which also besides securing the lateral rigidity of the
base of the tire, and thereby preventing it from being twisted from off the
rim of the wheel afford a firm attachment for, or base or support within
the body of the tire to which various mechanical means or appliances
may be readily attached or applied for the fastening on of the tire or
part of the tire to the rim of the wheel.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we desire to point out that we do not

page_text: lay any claim to novelty in respect to the use merely of metal in com-
bination with india-rubber or caoutchouc in the making of wheel tires,
but what we claim and desire to have secured to us by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent is, the insertion in the manufacture of
india-rubber wheel tires of a plate or strip, or of plates or strips of
perforated iron, or of other suitable metal, or of plates or strips of metal
not perforated, or of such like herein-before described materials in the
body and near to the base of india-rubber or caoutchouc tires for wheels
in the manner and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Francis Reynolds and
Jonathan Aldous Mays, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this Nineteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord Onc
thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
W. F. REYNOLDS. (L.S.)
J. ALDOUS MAYS. (L.S.)