Improvements in the Manufacture of Piled Carpets and Fabrics.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 10th May, 1894-Accepted, 16th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Piled Carpets and Fabrics.
I, FRANCIS BEST FAWCETT, of 44 Comberton Road, Kidderminster, Commission
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has reference to piled or tufted fabrics known as Moquettes or
Royal Axminster.
In the manufacture of cut pile or velvet fabrics it is important to have the pile
well bound in: by my improvements I obtain a tight bind of the pile with three
shots of weft to each row of pile.
The order of weaving is shewn in the annexed diagram and is as follows:
Immediately after the crossing of the foundation warps a a I put in a shot of weft b
below the dead warp c.
I then insert the ends of pile yarn d through the foundation
warps a. The second shot of weft 6 is now put in above the dead warp c for
binding the row of pile, and the beating up of the said weft by the reed places it
with the bottom of the pile on the top of the previous weft which assists the ends
of pile yarn to turn up, the comb then completes the uplifting process, and the
third shot of weft 6 is inserted completing the stitch. The crossing of the warps
again takes place and the process is repeated.
In tufting looms there are now generally employed two combs or other devices
for bringing up the ends of the pile yarn into position on the face of the fabric, but
my improved weave or stitch as stated above aids in producing this effect, so that
the one comb for the preliminary purpose of gathering the pile threads close
together may be dispensed with, and only the uplifting one retained.
Dated this 10th day of August 1893.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Piled Carpets and Fabrics.
I, FRANCIS BEST FAWCETT, of 44 Comberton Road, Kidderminster, Commission
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
My invention has reference to piled or tufted fabrics known as Moquettes or
Royal Axminster.
In the manufacture of cut pile or velvet fabrics it is important to have the pile
well bound in: by my improvements I obtain a tight bind of the pile with three
shots of weft to each row of pile.
I employ the looms generally known as Moquette or Royal Axminster looms, of
the class for which Letters Patent were granted to Sydney Pitt No. 235 A.D. 1877,
and preferably those arranged to weave in 3 shot time for which the cams shown
are adapted.
The cams referred to are for operating the two heddles of the foundation or
binding warp a a, and the heddle of the dead warp c.
And in order that the invention may be well understood I will describe the same
in reference to the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is a diagram representing a longitudinal section of the 3 shot fabric
woven according to my invention: the weaving is from left to right.
Figure 2 is a face view of the cam for operating the heddle governing one half
of the foundation or binding warp, and Figure 3 shews the same cam as Figure 2,
TD77

page_text: but turned round through half a revolution, so as to be used with the cam Figure z
to operate the heddle which governs the other half of the foundation or binding
warp.
Figure 4 is a face view of the cam for operating the heddle governing the dead
warp.
These cams Figures 2, 3 and 4 are fixed on the treadle box, so that the lines
drawn across the centre shewn on the drawings coincide.
The letters and 6 in the roller grooves of the cams shew what parts of the
cams are operating on the respective heddles when the wefts marked b¹ b³ and b³
are inserted.
The foundation warp may be two threads in each dent or space of the reed, and
the dead warp one thread in each dent or space of the reed.
. In commencing to weave see Figure 1 the heddle governing one half of the
foundation warp a, and the heddle governing the dead warp c are raised, and the
heddle governing the other half of the foundation warp a is lowered thus crossing
the foundation warp, the shot of weft is then inserted below the dead warp c.
The three heddles with all the warps are then brought level, and the ends of the
pile yarn d are inserted through the warps; the same half of the foundation warp a
is again raised, and the dead warp c is lowered, the other half of the foundation
warp a being also lowered as before, the second shot of weft is then inserted
above the dead warp for binding the pile, and the beating up of the said weft by
the lay places it with the bottom or bend of the pile on the top of the previous
weft 6, which has the effect of partly raising the pile ends between the warp
threads thus gathering them together preparatory for being pushed up by the comb
as shown at di Figure 1. The preliminary comb for this purpose may therefore be
removed from the loom and dispensed with.
The warps are now again levelled and the uplifting comb turns up the pile ends to
the surface; the warps then resume their former position, viz. the half of the
foundation warp a that was up will be raised again, and the other half of the
foundation warp a with the dead warp c will be lowered again, and the third shot
of weft 6' will be inserted above the dead warp completing the stitch. The crossing
of the warps again takes place in readiness for the next stitch and the process is
repeated.
This improved order of weaving makes the selvages all right without the light
heddle for operating selvage threads in a special manner, and which with the cam
for operating it may be removed from the loom and dispensed with.
By this improved order of weaving the pile is bound very fast in the fabric, by
being doubly pinched first between the wefts band and again between wefts b
and ; this twofold bind depends upon the weft b¹ being securely placed underneath
the pile weft which is accomplished by the additional beating up of the lay which
the said weft b' gets from being the first inserted of the three wefts.
Another advantage of this sequence in weaving is that the pile is well tightened
up round its weft after being turned up by the comb, through being immediately
followed up by the close pressure against it (the pile) of the weft 63, which combined
with the effect of weft results in raising the pile higher on the surface of the
fabric than by the ordinary weaves and prevents any slackening or using up below
by which the pattern might show as loops on the back thereby lowering the pile on
the face for no useful purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The process of manufacturing piled carpets and fabrics substantially as described.