IMPROVEMENTS IN OARD CLOTH
Year: 1884

page_text: I THEOD. SARTORIUS of Aachen, in the Empire of Germany do hereby declare
the nature of my said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN OARD CLOTH to be as
follows:-
The stiff backing or webbing in which the small wires or teeth of cards are fixed,
and known as card cloth, is composed essentially of two principal portions, namely
the bottom material and the felt. These two materials have hitherto been
united by an adhesive substance such as cement, birdlime (glu), gluo or india-
rubber,
The novelty of the invention consists simply in the following: The felt is no
longer stuck but is in the process of felting pressed down upon the bottom material
in order that the two tissues which before this invention have been mechanically
united by an adhesive substance, may become a single stuff in which it is impossible
to separate one without destroying the other.
The advantages of this system briefly enumerated are the following: The
separation of the two materials on the old method of manufacture was very easy,
when exposed to oil or wet. This is inevitable when working wool, because it is
(more or less) impregnated with oil and moisture. Damp also penetrates into
warehouses which are imperfectly dry. The adhesive substance is slowly dissolved
and the card is useless. This inconvenience is avoided by the new process of
manufacture in which no adhesive substance is used, and in spite of that the
combination is stronger.
Another inconvenience results from the hardening of the bottom material (being
impregnated with the adhesive substance, which becomes resinous) and after that
the teeth of the card are easily broken. With cotton, the reverse is the case; the
adhesive substance softens and the teeth have not sufficient resistance.
All these inconveniences are avoided by the new process, the bottom material is
gradually transformed into felt. Hitherto it has been attempted to produce this
transformation by interposing sheets of india-rubber, but these cannot resist the
action of oil; use was then made of sheets of vulcanized india-rubber, but they
harden rapidly, become brittle and do not give (with an adhesive substance) an
intimate union.

page_text: '
The gradual transformation produced by the felting obviates the necessity for
the use of these sheets and prevents the easy rupture of the card teeth especially
those made of steel wire. Under the old conditions this rupture must be produced
easily because the fine teeth traverse the bed of gluo or cement and then pass
through the felt.
.
Experience has shown that the teeth are always broken when the cards are in
use, in the bed of adhesive matter. This inconvenience also often occurs when the
teeth are carelessly sharpened.
The felt receives from the cotton pressed upon it a superior strength and a
consistency by which the position of the teeth is rendered much more stable
during work, and as there is no rigid intermediate bed the teeth retain more
elasticity and the result is more. perfect.

page_text: "
I THEOD. SARTORIUS of Aachen, in the Empire of Germany, 'do hereby declare
the nature of my said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN CARD CLOTH
and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The stiff backing or webbing in which the small wires or teeth of cards are
fixed, and known as card cloth, is composed essentially of two principal portions,
namely the bottom material and the felt. These two materials have hitherto
been united by an adhesive' substance such as cement, birdlime (glu), glue or
india-rubber.
The novelty of the invention consists simply in the following: The felt is no
longer stuck, but is in the process of felting pressed down upon the bottom material
in order that the two tissues which before this invention have been mechanically
united by an adhesive substance, may become a single stuff in which it is impossible
to seperate one without destroying the other.
The advantages of this system briefly enumerated are the following.-The
separation of the two materials on the old method of manufacture was very easy,
when exposed to oil or moisture. This is inevitable when working wool, because
it is (more or less) impregnated with oil and moisture. Damp also penetrates into
warehouses which are not perfectly dry. The adhesive substance is slowly
dissolved and the card is useless. This inconvenience is avoided by the new
process of manufacture in which no adhesive substance is used, notwithstanding
which the combination is stronger.
Another inconvenience results from the hardening of the bottom material (being
impregnated with the adhesive substance which becomes resinous) and after that
the teeth of the card are easily broken. With cotton, the reverse is the case; the
adhesive substance softens and the teeth have not sufficient resistance.
All these inconveniences are avoided by the new process the bottom material is
gradually transformed into felt. Hitherto it has been attempted to produce this
transformation by interposing sheets of india-rubber, but these cannot resist the
action of oil, use was then made of sheets of vulcanized india-rubber, but they
harden rapidly become brittle and do not give (with an adhesive substance) an
intimate union.
The gradual transformation produced by the felting, obviates the necessity for
the use of these sheets and prevents the easy rupture of the card teeth especially
those made of steel wire. Under the old conditions this rupture must be produced
easily because the fine teeth traverse the bed of glue or cement and then pass
through the felt.
Experience has shown that the teeth are always broken when the cards are in
use in the bed of adhesive matter. This inconvenience also often occurs when the
teeth are carlessly sharpened.
The felt receives from the cotton pressed upon it a superior strength and a
consistency by which the position of the teeth is rendered much more stable during
work, and as there is no rigid intermediate bed the teeth retain more elasticity and
the result is more perfect.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is: The manufacture of the improved carding cloth of woven tissue and of
felt, made in one piece, without interposition of cementing material substanially as
and for the purposes described.