IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS OR LANTERNS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Parkman, of Madison County, in the
State of Tennessee, in the United States of America, but at present
of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS OR LANTERNS."-A communi-
tion from abroad by J. R. Forbes, of New Orleans, in the State of
Louisiane in the United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Parkman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd October 1874.
I, EDWARD PARKMAN, of Madison County, in the State of Tennessee,
in the United States of America, but at present of 23, Southampton
Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS OR LANTERNS," a com-
munication to me from abroad by J. R. Forbes, of New Orleans, in the
State of Louisiana, in the United States of America, to be as follows:-
-
In describing the said Invention I will proceed to describe its appli-
cation to a street lamp.

page_text: The lantern proper from the bottom, where it is supported in the
manner herein-after described by the lamp post or bracket, is formed
entirely of glass, except the cap or cover thercof, which may be of
metal, glass, or porcelain. The lantern is supported by three legs carried
by a ring fixed to the top of the lamp post or to the bracket. These legs
are provided with adjustable claws, to enable variations in dimensions of
the lantern to be accommodated, and arc fixed in position by means of
bolts and fly nuts, suitable packing being placed between the glass
lantern and the metal supports to prevent fracture of the glass in fixing
it in position.
The upper part of the body or main part of the glass lantern is made
approximately of a globular form, which is extended or elongated at the
lower part so as to give it somewhat the appearance of an inverted trun-
cated cone, which at the lower part is flared outwards and downwards,
somewhat in the form of another truncated cone, to form a flange by
which it is supported, as before described.
The glass lantern, so far as above described, somewhat resembles two
truncated cones joined together by a curved waist, and surmounted or
finished off at the upper part of the body thereof by a portion of a globe.
The glass lantern is further extended above the globular portion by a
tubular portion, formed preferably in profile, like an "OG" moulding,
connected to the main body of the lantern by a contracted curved waist,
and formed at its upper part with a seat to receive the cap or cover,
which is secured thereon by means of thin clips or strips of metal.
The lower flange of the glass lantern is thickened, so as to afford
extra strength thereto, and air is admitted to the interior of the lantern
from below through a glass plate having a central hole formed therein,
through which the gas pipe may pass, and being provided with air holes,
preferably three in number, equidistant from the centre.
The cap or cover is suitably formed to permit the escape of the
products of combustion and, to guard the lamp against down draughts,
and the interior of the cap or cover when made of metal is enamelled
or otherwise coated or treated, to assist in reflecting and diffusing light
therefrom.
In applying the Invention to other descriptions of lamps only slight
modifications will be required as will be well understood.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Parkman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 3rd April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
PARKMAN, of Madison County, in the State of Tennessee, in the United
States of America, but at present of 23,.Southampton Buildings, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Edward Parkman, Her special license
that I, the said Edward Parkman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Parkman, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS OR LANTERNS," a communication to me from abroad by J. R. Forbes,
of New Orleans, in the State of Louisiana, in the United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward
Parkman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Parkman, do hereby,
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that
is to say :-

page_text: The lantern proper from the bottom, where it is supported in the
manner herein-after described by the lamp post or bracket, is formed
entirely of glass, except the cap or cover thereof, which may be of metal,
glass, or porcelain. The lantern is supported by three legs carried by a
ring fixed to the top of the lamp post or to the bracket. These legs are
provided with adjustable claws, to enable variations in the dimensions of
the lantern to be accommodated, and are fixed in position by means of
bolts and fly nuts, suitable packing being placed between the glass.
lantern and the metal supports to prevent fracture of the glass in fixing
it in position.
. Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of the improved lantern; and
Figure 2, a plan of the lower plate thereof.
The upper part of the body or main part a of the glass lantern is
made approximately of a globular form, which is extended or elongated
at the lower part, so as to give it somewhat the appearance of an inverted 1
truncated cone b, which at the lower part is flared outwards and down-
wards somewhat in the form of another truncated cone c, to form a
flange c', by which it is supported as before described.
The glass lantern, so far as above described, somewhat resembles two
truncated cones joined together by a curved waist d, and surmounted or :
finished off at the upper part of the body thereof by a portion of a globe a.
The glass lantern is further extended above the globular portion by a.
tubular portion e, formed preferably in profile like an "OG" moulding,
connected to the main body of the lantern by a contracted curved
waist, and-formed at its upper part with a seat to receive the cap or a
cover, which is secured thereon by means of thin clips or strips of
metal.
The lower flange c¹ of the glass lantern is thickened, so as to afford
extra strength thereto, and air is admitted to the interior of the lantern
from below through a glass plate 9 having a central hole g¹³ formed
therein, through which the gas pipe may pass, and being provided
with air holes g³, preferably three in number, equidistant from the
centre.
The cap or cover is suitably formed to permit the escape of the
products of combustion and to guard the lamp against down draughts,
as is well understood, and the interior of the cap or cover when made of

page_text: metal is enamelled, or otherwise coated or treated, to assist in reflecting
and diffusing light therefrom.
In applying the Invention to other descriptions of lamps, only slight
modifications will be required, as will be well understood.
The gas burner is placed in about the position shown in the Drawing,
and it will be seen that the flame chamber is expanded in diameter about
equal to the diameter of the base, and the top is contracted so as to
allow only space for the free escape of the products of combustion. By
this means a large quantity of atmosphere is collected and made to
impinge upon the flame, and thus a large quantity of oxygen comes in
contact with the flame, whereby combustion is better supported, the
flame brightened, and an equal draught is obtained. The top of the
globe a being contracted to a neck, the flame is thus protected from gusts
of wind from above, while the plate g and the narrow throat or waist d
protect the flame from the wind below, which insures a steady flame and
enables the combustion chamber to become heated, and thus aids in
rendering combustion more perfect.
It must be understood that although gas has been described as
the lighting means for the lantern, oil or other lighting means may be
employed.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the mode
in which the same is carried into effect, I would have it understood that
what I claim is, the lantern, constructed substantially as described,
having expanded flame chamber and base, contracted throat and neck, as
and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Parkman, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
E PARKMAN (10)