A New or Improved Heating and Ventilating Apparatus.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 6th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 26th Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 1st Mar., 1887.
A New or Improved Heating and Ventilating Apparatus.
I, MERRITT HENRY DEMENT, of Clements Inn Hall, W.C. London, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
The object of the invention is to provide a simple, economical and healthful air-
heating, distributing and ventilating apparatus for use in operative conjunction with
the ordinary fire space forming part of the chimney of a dwelling or other building,
in substitution of the devices commonly employed for heating and ventilating, or for
either of said purposes, consisting of an air-heating chamber or reservoir fixedly
arranged interior of or contiguous to the fire space forming a part of the chimney,
and provided with suitable means of air supply and eduction and exhaust; the
location of said chamber or reservoir being such with relation to the fire-space
within, or contiguous to which it is arranged, that the fire employed within said fire
space will act upon and operate the same in the manner and to the end hereinafter
particularly set forth.
In an ordinary fire-space equipped with a grate, the radiating or heat-deflecting
wall of said fire-space is proposed to be mainly formed by a hollow chamber or
reservoir, composed preferably of cast iron, and provided with supply-ports which
extend therefrom through and to the exterior of the masonry composing said chimney
to the interior of the compartment within which said apparatus is located, and with
an eduction conveyor projecting inwardly therefrom through the smoke escape, said
conveyor being provided with distributing ports, which project therefrom through
the inner wall of said chimney above and below the upper floor into the different
rooms, and with suitable valves or dampers for controlling the volume and direction
of the air passing from the heating chamber or reservoir through said eduction
conveyor.
There may be added a main induction or air-conveyor, provided for supplying the
chamber or reservoir, or any number thereof which may be employed in one system,
with air obtained from below the main floor or directly from the exterior of the
building, to which it may be extended in any convenient direction, or through
suitable auxiliary connections with said exterior or other source of supply; the said
conveyor terminating within the basement of the building, in connection with the
eduction pipe of an ordinary air-heating furnace.
The air chamber or reservoir and the induction and eduction conveyors may be
formed by the masonry composing the wall of the firespace and the chimney.

page_text: The chamber or reservoir may also be extended to project over the floor of the
fire-space, so as to form an induction space or direct means of air supply to said
heating chamber or reservoir from the lower area of the compartment, which
construction manifestly enables the supply port to be dispensed with. More than one
eduction conveyors may be used for conveying the air from the chamber or reservoir
into several compartments to be heated and ventilated; and the chamber or reservoir
may be provided with a cold air supply-port projecting rearwardly therefrom
through the masonry composing the chimney, to the exterior of the building.
My invention being intended for heating and ventilating one or more rooms of a
building independently of the balance thereof, as well as employment of a complete
heating and ventilating system for the entirety of a building of any construction:
and being likewise intended for use in conjunction with old constructions of fire-
space and buildings, as well as new, would obviously require in many instances such
change or modification of construction and arrangement as would most advantageously
adapt the same to the exigencies of space or construction within which it should be
necessary or desirable to locate the same.
Heat generated by the fire employed within the fire-space acting upon the
chamber or reservoir and causing the air contained therein to be expanded and
driven into and through the conveyor, creates a vacuum within said chamber or
reservoir into which the air is continuously drawn from the lower area of the
compartment through the supply port, or the induction space, the heated air driven
through said conveyor being continuously distributed into the upper area of the
compartment through the port. A vacuum being created within or about the lower
area of the compartment as the cold air is drawn therefrom, the heated air in the
upper area is continuously drawn in the direction of the lower area, into the vacuum
thus created, commingling with the cold air and passing therewith into and through
the chamber or reservoir by which it is superheated, returning through the conveyor
and port into the compartment; such continuous operation readily causing the air
contained within the compartment to be raised or heated to a desirable temperature.
When a single conveyor is employed for carrying the heated air into the compart-
ments located above and below the floor the air may be distributed in both of said
compartments at the same time, if the valve or damper located within the conveyor
above the port is closed, and the lower valve or damper is partly opened; the
entirety of the air being distributed into the upper compartment when the upper
valve or damper is closed and the lower one sufficiently opened, and entirely dis-
tributed in to the lower compartment when said lower valve or damper is entirely closed.
To rapidly ventilate the compartment below the floor within the fire-space of which
the chamber or reservoir is located, the conveyor being provided with a single
distributing port which enters into said compartment, the valve or damper located
above said port is adjusted so as to allow the heated air to
from said conveyor
into the smoke escape, the air drawn from the lower area through the cylinder or
reservoir continuously passing through the conveyor to its open termination or point
of exhaust beyond the port, siphons the air from the upper area through the said
port into said conveyor, from which it is likewise exhausted.
pass
To rapidly ventilate the compartments above and below the floor when a single
conveyor is employed, provided with distributing ports, the valves or dampers
located adjacent to said ports being opened, the air is drawn from the lower and
upper area of the lower compartment through the conveyor as above described, to the
point of exhaust above the port, the air from the upper compartment being thereby
siphoned through the port into said conveyor, from which it is also exhausted.
Continuous ventilation of the upper and lower compartments may be had while the
heated air is being distributed through the ports, by opening the ventilating ports
which enter from the interior of the compartments through the masonry composing
the chimney, to the smoke escape.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Heating and Ventilating Apparatus.
I, MERRITT HENRY DEMENT, of Clements Inn Hall, W.C. London, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of the invention is to provide a simple, economical and healthful air-
heating, distributing and ventilating apparatus for use in operative conjunction with
the ordinary fire space or space forming a part of the chimney of a dwelling or other
building, in substitution of the devices commonly employed for heating and ventilating,
or for either one of said purposes, consisting as will appear from the following descrip-
tion, and from the accompanying drawings, in which I have illustrated the same in
several forms of construction, of an air-heating chamber or reservoir fixedly arranged
interior of or contiguous to the fire-space forming a part of the chimney, and provided
with suitable means of air supply and eduction and exhaust, The location of said
chamber or reservoir being such with relation to the fire-space within, or contiguous
to which it is arranged, that the fire employed within said fire-space will act upon and
operate the same in the manner and to the end hereinafter particularly set forth.
In the front elevation Fig. 1 and in the vertical section Fig. 2 which is taken on
the line of said Fig. 1, I have shewn an ordinary fire-space A equipped with a
grate
B the radiating or heat-deflecting wall of said fire-space being mainly formed
by a hollow chamber or reservoir C composed preferably of cast iron, and provided
with supply-ports D which extend therefrom through and to the exterior of the
masonry composing said chimney to the interior of the compartment within which said
apparatus is located, and with an eduction conveyor E projecting upward by therefrom
through the smoke escape G, said conveyor being provided with distributing
ports FF', which project therefrom through the inner wall of said chimney above and
below the upper floor L into the compartments designated thereby, and with suitable
valves or dampers for controlling the volume and direction of the air passing from
the heating chamber or reservoir C through said eduction conveyor.
In the vertical section Fig. 3 I have shewn a construction substantially similar to
the arrangement illustrated in the views above referred to, with the addition of a main
induction or air conveyor D', provided for supplying the chamber or reservoir C or
any number thereof which may be employed in one system, with air obtained from
below the main floor K or directly from the exterior of the building, to which it may

page_text: be extended in any convenient direction, or through suitable auxiliary connections
with said exterior or other source of supply; the said conveyor being shewn in said
view as terminating within the basement of the building, and as being in connection
with the eduction pipe of an ordinary air-heating furnace.
In the detail views Figures 4 and 5 I have substantially shewn the construction
and arrangement of the chamber or reservoir C and supply-port D, illustrated in the
several views above refered to.
In the vertical section Fig. 6 I have shewn the air chamber or reservoir C and the
eduction conveyors formed by the masonry composing the wall of the fire-space and
the chimney, ordinary and irons b being shewn within the fire-space obviously for
the employment of a wood fire in substitution of a grate and coal fire, as indicated in
several of the other views.
In Fig. 7 I have shewn in transverse section the construction and arrangement
illustrated in said Fig. 6, at or about the line y y thereof.
In Fig. 8 I have shewn a convenient form of valve for employment, if desired, in lieu
of the damper for regulating the direction and volume of the air passing to or from
the chamber or reservoir C through the induction and eduction conveyors.
In Figures 9 and 10 I have shewn the chamber or reservoir Cextended and projecting
over the floor of the fire-space, being thus constructed so as to form an induction
space or direct means of air supply to said heating chamber or reservoir from the
lower area of the compartment, which construction manifestly enables the supply-
port D to be dispensed with.
The dotted line shewn in Fig. 10 indicates the employment of more than one
eduction conveyors E for conveying the air from the chamber or reservoir into several
compartments to be heated and ventilated.
In Fig. 11 I have shewn a like construction of said chamber or reservoir with a
cold air supply-port d projecting rearwardly therefrom through the masonry com-
posing the chimney, to the exterior of the building.
In Figures 12, 13 and 14 I have shewn several of the various modifications of form
and arrangement of which the air heating part of my apparatus is susceptible, said
views illustrating the chamber or reservoir having such configuration as would enable
it being located within the area of the fire-space A in contradistinction to being formed
by the masonry of the chimney or forming a part of the deflecting wall of the fire-
space, as shown in certain of the other views.
My invention being intended for heating and ventilating one or more rooms of a
building independently of the balance thereof, as well as employment of a complete
heating and ventilating system for the entirety of a building of any construction; and
being likewise intended for use in conjunction with old constructions of fire-space and
buildings, as well as new, would obviously require in many instances such change or
modifications of construction and arrangement as would most advantageously adapt
the same to the exigencies of space or construction within which it should be necessary
or desirable to locate the same. Thus the arrangement shown in Figures 1 and 2
indicates the employment of the air-heating chamber or reservoir Cin the fire space
of a compartment not contiguous or adjacent to the basement or outer wall, or other
locality within the building, expedient for the employment of the conveyor D¹ or. the
supply port d', and that therefore the supply-ports D, or the induction space C would
be solely relied upon as a means of air-supply to the heating chamber or reservoir.
To further and comprehensively to describe the operation of my apparatus with
such of its construction and arrangement not specially mentioned thus far:
Heat generated by the fire employed within the fire-space A acting upon the
chamber or reservoir C and causing the air contained therein to be expanded and
driven into and through the conveyor E, creates a vacuum within said chamber or
reservoir into which the air is continuously drawn from the lower area of the com-
partment through the supply port D, or the induction space C, the heated air driven
through said conveyor E being continuously distributed into the upper area of the
compartment through the port F, a vacuum being created within or about the lower

page_text: area of the compartment as the cold air is drawn therefrom, the heated air in the
upper area is continuously drawn in the direction of the lower area, into the vacuum
thus created, commingling with the cold air and passing therewith into and through
the chamber or reservoir by which it is superheated, returning through the conveyor E
and port F into the compartment; such continuous operation readily causing the air
contained within the compartment to be raised or heated to a desirable temperature.
When a single conveyor E is employed for carrying the heated air into the com-
partment located above and below the floor L, the air may be distributed in both of
said compartments at the same time, if the valve or damper f located within the
conveyor above the port F1 is closed, and the lower valve or damper f is partly
opened; the entirety of the air being distributed into the upper compartment when
the upper valve or damper is closed and the lower one sufficiently opened, and entirely
distributed in to the lower compartment when said lower valve or damper is entirely
closed.
To rapidly ventilate the compartment below the floor L within the fire-space of
which the chamber or reservoir is located, the conveyor E, being provided with a
single distributing port F which enters into said compartment, the valve or damper
located above said port is adjusted so as to allow the heated air to pass from said
conveyor into the smoke escape G, the air drawn from the lower area through the
cylinder or reservoir continuously passing through the conveyor to its open termina-
tion or point of exhaust e beyond the port F siphons the air from the upper area
through the said port into said conveyor, from which it is likewise exhausted.
To rapidly ventilate the compartments above and below the floor L when a single
conveyor E is employed, provided with distributing ports F F¹, the valves or dampers f
located adjacent to said ports being opened, the air is drawn from the lower and upper
area of the lower compartment through the conveyor E as above described, to the
point of exhaust e above the port F1, the air from the upper compartment being
thereby siphoned through the port F¹ into said conveyor, from which it is also
exhausted.
Continuous ventilation of the upper and lower compartments may be had while the
heated air is being distributed through the ports, by opening the ventilating ports S
which enter from the interior of the compartments through the masonry composing the
chimney, to the smoke escape G.
When more than one conveyor E is employed for conveying the air from the
heating chamber or reservoir to several compartments said conveyors are provided,
each independently of the other, with suitable valves or dampers for distributing and
ventilating purposes.
The conveyor D¹ or supply ports d' being employed in conjunction with the supply
port D, or the induction space C³, as illustrated in several of the views, cold air
obtained from the exterior of the compartment or building may be supplied thereby
to the heating chamber or reservoir at such times and in such proportion as may be
deemed proper, by means of suitable regulating valves or dampers c.
When expedient to employ the conveyor D' or the supply port d' the same may be
employed, if desired, for exclusively supplying air to the heating chamber or reservoir,
to the abandonment of the ports D, or the induction space C, the fire space A, or one
or more suitable eduction ports (not deemed essential to be shown herewith) which
may be entered from interior of the compartment to the fire-space, or smoke escape,
and the distributing port F being relied upon for rapid ventilating purposes within
said compartment.
Though my invention is intended as heretofore set forth to be used in substitution
of furnaces, or other portable heating appliances, the purpose of Fig. 3, in so far as
the furnace W is shown therein as being in operative connection with the conveyor D',
is to illustrate first, how the air supplied to the heating chamber or reservoir C may
be primarily heated by said appliance W, if present, which would obviously be of
advantage in extremely cold weather, and particularly in cases where a number of
said chambers or reservoirs were employed in one system; secondly, to show how pure

page_text: air may be taken therefrom to the chamber or chambers when said appliance W is
properly supplied therewith, in avoidance of extending said conveyor D' to the exterior
of the building.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :
1. The combination with the fire-space A of an air-heating chamber or reservoir C,
provided with one or more supply ports D, or the induction space C¹ and one or more
conveyor-pipes E, each having an exhaust or terminal opening e, and provided with
suitable air-distributing devices, substantially as set forth.
2. The combination with the fire-space A of an air-heating chamber or reservoir C,
or more conveyors E connected therewith, and provided with suitable air
distributing devices, and the conveyor D' substantially as set forth.
one
3. The combination with the fire-space A of an air-heating chamber or reservoir C,
one or more eduction conveyors E provided with suitable air-distributing devices, the
conveyor D¹, and an air-heating furnace W, substantially as set forth.