A New or Improved Method of Constructing Waterproof Ropes, Hawsers, Cables, Harness Traces, and other Articles Used for the Purposes of Haulage and Suspension.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Aug., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 5th June, 1896-Accepted, 11th July, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Method of Constructing Waterproof Ropes,
Hawsers, Cables, Harness Traces, and other Articles Used for the
Purposes of Haulage and Suspension.
We, EDMOND GARNIER Engineer of 309 Camberwell New Road, London, S.E.,
and SAMUEL JAMES PRESCOTT, Pawnbroker of 33 Church Street, Camberwell,
London S.E., both in the County of Surrey do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
:-
Our invention relates to the construction of an improved fabric or material, of any
desired length, and of cylindrical form, and varying dimensions in cross section, that
shall be perfectly waterproof throughout, and capable of use, as ropes, hawsers, or
heavy lines, wherever such are employed on board ship, or in warehouses, wharves,
and other places for the purposes of cranes, hoists or the like, or as traces for the
harness of beasts of burden, cables for tramways, or other systems of haulage, or as
a coating or enclosure for electric and other submarine cables, and various other
purposes, the object of our said invention being to provide a material or fabric
adaptable for such uses, that shall be impervious to moisture, and not affected by most
acids, and while possessing the same or a greater tensional strength than the best
hemp rope of the same dimensions is more durable, lighter in weight and can
be produce at considerably less cost.
For the purposes of our invention we employ canvas or other woven fabric of a like
nature, of any desired length, cut upon the bias or otherwise, and of varying width
according to the desired cross sectional dimensions of the rope, line, hawser, cable,
trace or the like when finished, and when laid upon some flat surface, we coat the
upper face of this with rubber solution or other suitable elastic and waterproof cement,
and commencing from the edge at either side, we roll the said fabric around itself
laterally thus producing a length of material, approximately circular in cross section,
and composed of a series of convolutions each cemented to the one preceding it, and
by continuing the rolling process for a given time under pressure, the cement would
be driven into the substance of the canvas or other material, the convolutions be more
intimately connected with each other, and the superfluous cement be driven out of the
last or final coil, thus producing a rope or cable like fabric of immense tensional
strength, perfectly waterproof, and as flexible as if made of the best hemp.
The fabric thus produced may be cut into any lengths desired, and for many purposes
would be capable of use without further treatment, but we prefer to coat or encase the
same with rubber, rubber composition, leather or other material according to the uses
for which it is to be employed, and where it may be necessary to attach to either or
both ends of the said length of material, an eyelet, grooved ring, hook or the
like, the same may be effected by suitable means prior to the application of said
coating or encasing, so that the said means may be concealed thereby, and when the
said coating or casing is of rubber the whole may be subjected to a process of
vulcanization.
When our invention is employed as traces for the harness of beasts of burden, the
usual trace plates swivelled upon the hames of the collar would be bent or crescented,
or otherwise formed to correspond with the cross sectional formation of the traces, and
may be rivetted or otherwise connected thereto, while the opposite or back ends of the
traces would be suitably connected to the hook, chain, or the like for attachment to

page_text: the vehicle, prior to the said traces being coated or cased with rubber or other
material, and treated as stated.
In the employment of our invention for enclosing or encasing the conducting wires
of electric submarine and other cables, the said wires would be enclosed by the first or
inner convolution of the solutioned or cemented fabric. Or we may find it more
convenient to wind thereon several layers of the prepared fabric in spiral form, the
direction of each of said windings or layers being opposite to that of the one preceding
it, the whole being ultimately incased by rubber or rubber composition, and treated
as previously described.
Dated this 20th day of Anonst 1895
i
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1 Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Method of Constructing Waterproof Ropes,
Hawsers, Cables, Harness Traces, and other Articles Used for the
Purposes of Haulage and Suspension.
We EDMOND GARNIER Engineer of 309 Camberwell New Road, London S E.
and SAMUEL JAMES PRESCOTT, Pawnbroker of 33 Church Street, Camberwell,
London S.E., both in the County of Surrey do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to the construction of an improved fabric or material, of any
desired length, and of cylindrical form, and varying dimensions in cross section, that
shall be perfectly waterproof throughout, and capable of use as ropes, hawsers, or
heavy lines wherever such are employed on board ship or in warehouses, wharves, and
other places for the purposes of cranes, hoists or the like, or as traces for the harness
of beasts of burden, cables for tramways, or other systems of haulage, or as a coating
or enclosure for electric and other submarine cables, and various other purposes, the
object of our said invention being to provide a material or fabric adaptable for such
uses, that shall be impervious to moisture, and not affected by most acids, and while
possessing the same or a greater tensional strength than the best hemp rope of the
same dimensions, is more durably lighter in weight, and can be produced at
considerably less cost.
In order that our invention and the various uses to which the same can be applied
may be fully understood reference is hereinafter made to the accompanying sheet of
drawings, of which :-
Fig. 1 is a view of a portion of fabric prepared according to our invention,
illustrating one of the ways in which we purpose constructing ropes, cables, traces,
and the like therefrom.
Fig. 2 is an end view of the same, substantially as it would appear when
finished.
Fig. 3 illustrates the use of same for the rigging of shipping and other purposes.
Fig. 4 illustrates its use as a trace for horse harness, showing the method of attaching
the same to the hames of the collar.
Fig. 5 illustrates the manner of arranging the opposite end of such a trace for
attachment to a trace hook or the roller bolt of the vehicle.
Fig. 6 illustrates the manner in which we purpose employing the said material as
a coating or insulation for submarine and other electric cables, Fig. 7 being a section
of Fig. 6 substantially as this would appear when finished.
We carry my invention into effect by the employment of canvas or other woven
fabric of a like nature which for the purposes of our invention may be of any desired

page_text: length, cut upon the bias or otherwise, and of any desired width according to the
sectional dimensions of the rope, line, hawser, cable, trace or the like for which it is
intended, when finished, and this when laid upon some suitabl, flat surface, we cont
upon the upper face with rubber solution or other suitable elastic waterproof
cement, and commencing from either edge of the said piece of fabric or material, and
while the solution is still wet, we roll this around itself substantially as at Fig. 1,
in which the fabric is represented by A, its solutioned or commented face by B, and
the roll being pro fuced therefrom by C, and such rolling up would be continued until the
opposite or outer edge of the fabric formed the finish of the outer convolution of
the roll and by such rolling each convolution would be cemented to the one preceding
it, and by continuing to roll the roll so made for a given time under pressure, and if
necessary with the application of heat, and in the direction of such winding, the
cement B would be driven into the substance of the fabric A, and the whole become
incorporated as one mass and the superfluous cement be driven out of the last or final
convolution, thus producing a rope, cable, trace, or the like of immense tensile
strength, circular or approximately so in cross section, perfectly waterproof and as
flexible as if male of the finest flax or hemp.
The roller or rope like fabric thus produced, if not of the exact length required,
may be easily cut with a knife like tool, and for many purposes would then be
adaptable for use without further treatment, but for certain purposes, we may coat or
encase the same with rubber, rubber composition, leather or other resilient material,
according to the uses for which it is to be employed, which would then appear in cross
section substantially as at Fig. 2 in which the said outer casing or coating is
represented by D and the roll by C.
In adapting the said roll (for certain purposes, such for instance as the fixed
rigging of shipping, we may find it necessary to connect to either or both ends of the
said length of inaterial, a rope, an eyelet, grooved ring, or hook, represented by E
in Fig. 3, and we may effect this (preferably before applying the coating or casing D)
by paring away a portion of the end of C, and turning this back, after being passed
around E, and then stitch, rivet, or otherwise connect the said end to the remainder
of C, as represented by a in Fig. 3. Or a binding of wire, string, cords, or the like
may be used in lieu of, or in addition to the said stitching, which may be then hidden
from view by the application of the said coating D, and when this is of rubber the
whole may (if desired) be subjected to a process of vulcanization.
When the said length of material is to be employed in the manufacture of traces
for horses and other beasts of burden, the usual trace plates F, swivelled upon the
hame rings G, may be bent or curved in cross section to correspond with the outer
formation of C, as illustrated by Fig. 4, and when one end of C is placed between, and
grasped by the plates F, suitable through pins or rivets may be used for fixing these
firmly together in the usual way and as indicated by the holes 1, in the plates F, and
we may further secure such fixation by coating the end of C with the before
mentioned cement, before placing this between the plates F.
In Fig. 5 we illustrate how the opposite end of the trace may be formed with a
loop H, either for attachment to the usual hooks or roller bolts upon the vehicle, or for
the reception of a chain for the same purpose, and we may provide the said loop H
by preparing the end of C, and stitching or rivetting this in the same manner
as described and indicated by a in Fig. 3, prior to the coating of this end of A with
the material D.
In Fig. 6 we illustrate the manner in which we prefer to employ the said material
as a casing or insulation for the conducting wires of electric submarine and other
cables. For this purpose we prefer to cut the said fabric into narrow strips, and one
of these we bind upon the wire or wires J, in helical form, as indicated by c, in Fig. 6,
and after coating this with the before mentioned cement, we bind upon c, a second
layer d, in an opposite direction to c, and after coating d with cement, we bind upon
this a third layer, and so on for as many times as may be desired, each layer being
wound in helical form in a direction opposite to that preceding it, and each layer
coated with cement before winding on the next, and the outer or final layer may then

page_text: be coated with either of the materials D before mentioned, as illustrated by the
sectional view Fig. 7..
From the foregoing description and by reference to the drawings it will be understood
that the said prepared fabric or material when formed into a roll, either in the manner
illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2, or Figs. 6 and 7, or any desired combination of both, or
any desired combination or multiple of such rolls, twisted or stranded together, may
be employed for the purposes of haulage and suspension in every way the same
as ropes or hawsers have hitherto been used, or as traces for the harness of beasts of
burden.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that
what we claim is :-
1st. The manufacture and use of ropes, lines, hawsers and the like, composed of a
woven fabric such as A, coated upon one face with any suitable waterproof elastic
cement as at B, and formed into a roll such as C, by the application of pressure, and
if necessary heat, and with or without an outer casing of resilient material D, and with
or without vulcanization, substantially as herein described and shewn.
2nd. The manufacture and use of traces for horses and other beasts of burden,
composed of a woven fabric such as A, coated upon one face with any suitable elastic
waterproof cement as at B, and formed into a roll such as C, by the application
of pressure, and if necessary heat, and with or without an outer casing of resilient
material D, and with or without vulcanization, with means for connecting such traces
to the usual metallic parts of the harness, and to a vehicle, substantially as herein
described and shewn.
3rd. In the manufacture of ropes, hawsers and the like, and traces for the harness
of beasts of burden, the combination of a woven fabric such as A, coated upon one
face with any suitable elastic waterproof cement such as B, with means for forming
the said material into a roll such as C, with or without an outer casing or sheath such
as D substantially as herein described and shewn.
4th. The elastic waterproof fabric set forth in the preceding claim, and the
employment of same for the insulation or coating of electric submarine and other
conductors, substantially as herein described and shewn.
Dated this 5th day of June 1806
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
No. 1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, E.C.,
Agent for Applicants.