Improvements in Dyeing Cotton and other Vegetable Yarns, Threads, and Fabrics.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dyeing Cotton and other Vegetable Yarns, Threads,
and Fabrics.
We, ADOLF LIEBMANN, M.A., Ph.D., Consulting Chemist, and ALBERT
LIEBMANN, D.Ph., Scientific Chemist, both of 10, Marsden Street, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to the dyeing of yarns, threads, fabrics, and the
like, composed of fibres having a vegetable origin, with certain dye-stuffs.
Our invention is based on the fact which we have discovered, that when
vegetable fibres are impregnated with certain colouring matters, and are then
mercerised, or when such fibres are mercerised by means of a solution in which
the colouring matters are dissolved, and are then treated as hereinafter described,
the colours will be found to be fixed in the fibres, and the material will have
acquired a silky lustre.
If the dye-stuff to be used is insoluble in the mercerising liquid, we dissolve
it in its appropriate solvent, water or other medium, and employ this solution
as a cold dye bath. After the goods have been impregnated with this bath, they
are wrung out or partially or completely dried and are then transferred to the
mercerising bath, for mercerisation as at present practised. When they have
been sufficiently mercerised, they are transferred to a suitable stretching machine
in which they are stretched whilst still wet with the mercerising liquid. The
degree of stretching to which the goods are subjected may be such as to actually
increase the original length or area of the goods, or it may be less. After
remaining in the stretched condition for a short time, they are douched or
similarly treated with water and may then be released and subjected to any after
treatment which may be desired. The colour will be found to fixed in the fibre
however, without any such subsequent treatment.
If the dye-stuff to be used is soluble in the mercerising liquid, we dissolve it
therein, and are in this case enabled to dye and mercerise in a single cold bath.
In other respects we proceed as hereinbefore described, stretching the goods
whilst still wet with the mercer-dye liquid, and douching whilst stretched. In
this case also the dye will be found to be fixed in the fibre without any other
treatment whatever.
D
1
Qu1 1
1000
W. E. HEYS & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dyeing Cotton and other Vegetable Yarns, Threads,
and Fabrics.
We, ADOLF LIEBMANN, M.A., Ph.D., Consulting Chemist, and ALBERT
LIEBMANN, Ph.D., Scientific Chemist both of 10, Marsden Street, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to the dyeing of yarns, threads, fabrics and the
like, composed of fibres having a vegetable origin, with certain dye-stuffs.
Our invention is based on the fact, which we have discovered, that when yarns
or fibres of vegetable origin are impregnated with certain colouring matters and
are then mercerised, or when such materials are mercerised by means of a
mercerising solution in which the colouring matters are dissolved, and when the
materials are treated as hereinafter described, the colours will be found to be fixed
in the fibres and the material will be found to have acquired a lustre which in the
case of goods manufactured from Sea Island or Egyptian cotton, will be of a
decidedly silky character.
As dye-stuffs which we may use for the purpose of our Invention, we may by
way of example and by preference, use those commonly known as "Substantive
Colours," and colouring matters of the "Cachou de Laval" type.
As the mercerising agent we may use solutions of caustic soda or of caustic
potash having a strength of about 52° Tw., or such other strength as will produce
the result and effect desired.
If the selected colouring-matter should be insoluble in the mercerising solution
we may first dissolve it in its appropriate solvent and, by way of example,
we may proceed as follows:-
1 pound of pure Benzopurpurine 4B is dissolved in 10 gallons of hot water and
the solution allowed to cool.
When the goods have been impregnated in this dye bath as usual, they are
wrung out and are then transferred to the mercerising bath for mercerisation as
at present practised. As soon as they have been sufficiently mercerised, they
are transferred to a suitable stretching machine or appliance which may be of
known construction, in which they are stretched whilst still wet with the
mercerising liquor. The degree of stretching to which the goods are subjected
may be such as to actually increase their original length or area, or it may be
less, according to the nature of the goods and of the ultimate effect to be produced.
After remaining in the stretched condition for a short time, they are douched
or washed with water whilst still stretched, and may then be released and
subjected to any after treatment which may be desired. The colour will, however,
be found to be fixed in the fibre without any such subsequent treatment.
If the dye stuff to be used can be brought to solution in the mercerising bath
we are enabled to perform the operations of dyeing and mercerising simultaneously
in a single cold bath. For example:-We may dissolve 8 pounds of finely
ground Vidal Black in 10 gallons of a mercerising bath being a solution of caustic
soda having a strength of about 52° Tw. This forms a mercerising-dye bath
with which we proceed in the same way as if for mercerising only, then stretching
the goods whilst still wet with the mercerising-dye liquor, and douching or
washing them whilst still stretched as hereinbefore described.

page_text: The two operations of mercerising and stretching can be carried out simul-
taneously as will be well understood, if the goods are mercerised in the stretched
condition, but we prefer to proceed as described.
When the highest attainable lustre, resembling that of silk, is desired, we
find it advantageous to limit the application of our processes to yarns and fabrics
composed of or containing long stapled vegetable fibres and preferably to Egyptian
and Sea Island cottons only, and it is further advantageous if the fibres are
in an open condition, that is to say if the fabrics are neither spun nor woven
closely or tight.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The herein before described process for dyeing yarns, threads and fabrics
having a vegetable origin with certain dye-stuffs, which consists in impregnating
the materials in a solution of the dye-stuff, transferring them to a mercerising bath
and thereafter stretching them whilst still wet with the mercerising solution and
finally in washing them whilst in the stretched condition, substantially as set
forth.
2. The hereinbefore described process for dyeing yarns threads and fabrics
having a vegetable origin, in a bath composed of a mercerising solution in which
certain dye stuffs have been dissolved, thereafter stretching the goods whilst
still wet and finally washing the stretched goods with water, substantially as set
forth.
W. E. HEYS & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.