Im- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR BREAKING AND CRUSHING STONE OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Julius Ball, of New Bridge Street,
Blackfriars, in the City of London, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR BREAKING AND CRUSHING
STONE OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 13th March 1874, and dated the 16th September 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Julius Ball
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th September 1873.
I, CHARLES JULIUS BALL, of New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR BREAKING AND CRUSHING
STONE OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that form of apparatus in which the stone or
other hard substance to be broken or crushed is fed between two
surfaces, jaws, or blocks, one of which is made gradually but rapidly to
approach to and recede from the other, so that the stone is broken by

page_text: being squeezed between them as they approach, and consists of improved
methods of giving the backward and forward motion to the moveable
surface.
For this purpose I arrange a driving shaft of suitable size and strength
and revolving in bearings attached to the frame of the machine in
such manner the centre line of the shaft is at right angles to the back
of the moveable surface, jaw, or block described, which is hung on
centres or fitted in guides so as to be capable of sufficient movements to
and from the fixed surface. Upon the end of the shaft I make or fix a
plate or crank having a hemispherical crank pin at a suitable radius
from the centre of the shaft. At the back of the moveable block or jaw,
already described, I make or fix a similar hemispherical pin, and I
connect this pin and the crank pin together by means of a connecting
rod, the ends of which have hemispherical cups formed upon them or
attached to them, which cups fit and work upon the crank pin and the
pin at the back of the moveable block or jaw respectively, so as to form
universal joints.
Sometimes I make the recesses or cups on the crank, and the move-
able block or jaw and the spherical pins upon the ends of the connecting
rod.
I arrange the revolving shaft in such a position that at one point of
the revolution of the crank the connecting rod is in a line parallel to
the shaft, and the moveable block or jaw is then in a position as close as
is required to the fixed block, whilst as the shaft revolves the moveable
block or jaw is withdrawn from the fixed one, the extent of such
separation being dependent upon the length of radius of the crank and
the length of the connecting rod.
-
I sometimes make the length of the crank variable and adjustable, or
I have two or more crank pins at different distances from the centre of
the shaft so as to alter the distance moved by the moveable block or jaw.
I make the collars of the bearings of the revolving shaft sufficiently
large and strong to resist the thrust of the connecting rod; and sometimes
I arrange friction rollers between such collars and the bearings against
which they work.
Sometimes I make the machine double, that is to say, with fixed and
moveable crushing blocks or jaws, as described, at each end of the shaft,
each moveable block or jaw being driven by a separate connecting rod

page_text: and crank pin; or sometimes I make the revolving shaft hollow, and I
make both connecting rods work upon the same spherical crank pin
attached to the shaft.
In order to draw back the moveable block or jaw after it has been
forced forward, as described, I make loose plates surrounding the con-
necting rods, and screwed or fixed to the crank pins or to the hemi-
spherical recesses in which the ends of the connecting rods work; or³
sometimes I use springs or weights arranged so as to draw back the
moveable block or jaw and to keep the ends of the connecting rod
constantly pressed against the pins described.
Another form of apparatus which I sometimes use for causing the
reciprocating movement of the moveable block or jaw is as follows :—
—I
make the end of the revolving shaft (in end view), or of a plate fixed to
it, in the form of a helical inclined plane, so arranged as to rise
gradually from the end of the shaft for a part of its circumference and
to return gradually to its original position for the remainder of its
circumference. I make this inclined plane work against a corresponding
inclined plane formed upon or fixed to the back of the moveable block
or jaw, or against a friction stud or roller similarly fixed. And in order
to withdraw the moveable block or jaw from the fixed one I either use a
suitable spring or weight, as already described, or I form upon the
cylindrical part of the end of the shaft a curved groove or rib, in which
a hook or stud attached to the moveable block or jaw works, the groove
or rib being of such a shape that it draws back the hook or stud when
the inclined plane, first described, is receding, but allows it to advance
with the moveable block or jaw when the inclined plane is advancing.
I prefer to make the grooves or ribs upon the crushing surfaces.
(which may be straight or curved) of the fixed and moveable blocks or
jaws, and I make these ribs or grooves in such a position that those
upon one of the plates or jaws cross those upon the other plate or jaw at
angles which may be varied with the hardness and quality of the sub-
stance which is being broken, or the angles at which the cross may
be made gradually to increase or decrease in different parts of the blocks:
or jaws.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Julius Ball in the Great Seal Patent.
Office on the 16th March 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
JULIUS BALL, of New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, in the City of London,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Julius Ball, Her special
licence that I, the said Charles Julius Ball, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, "or such others as I, the said Charles Julius
Ball, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time.
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all, times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR BREAKING and
CRUSHING STONES OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Charles Julius Ball, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Julius Ball, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying Drawing (that is to
say):-
This Invention relates to that form of stone-breaking apparatus in
which the stone or other hard substance to be broken or crushed is fed
between two surfaces, jaws, or blocks, one of which is made rapidly to
approach to and recede from the other, so that the stone. or other sub-

page_text: stance is broken by being squeezed between them as they approach
each other.
My Invention consists of improved methods of giving the backward
and forward motion to the moveable surface, jaw, or block, for the
purpose described.
In order to carry out my Invention I arrange a driving shaft of
suitable size and strength and revolving in bearings formed upon or
attached to the framework of the apparatus in such manner that the
centre line of the driving shaft is at right angles, or nearly so, to the
back of the moveable surface, jaw, or block, which is suspended from or
upon centres, or fitted with suitable guides, so that its lower part may
be capable of sufficient movement to or from the fixed surface, jaw, or
block. In order to communicate this backward and forward movement
to the suspended jaw or block I make or fix upon the end of the driving
shaft a plate or crank, having a spherical crank pin fixed upon it at a
suitable distance from the centre of the shaft. At the back of the
moveable block or jaw I make or fix a similar spherical pin, and I
connect this pin and the spherical crank pin together by means of a
connecting rod or link, the ends of which have hollow cups formed
upon them or attached to them, which cups fit upon and work upon the
crank pin and the pin at the back of the moveable jaw respectively, so
as to form universal joints.
Sometimes I make the spherical pins upon the ends of the connecting
rod and the hollow cups in which they work upon the crank and the
back of the moveable jaw respectively, or a cup upon one end of the
connecting rod and a spherical pin upon its.other end.
I arrange the revolving driving shaft in such a position relatively to
the universal joint at the back of the moveable jaw, that at one point of
the revolution of the crank the connecting rod is in a line parallel to the
driving shaft, and the moveable block or jaw is then in a position as close
as desired to the fixed one, whilst as the shaft revolves the moveable
block or jaw is withdrawn from the fixed one, the extent of such
separation being determined by the length of radius of the crank,
together with the length of the connecting rod.
In order to adjust the extent of the movement of the moveable block
I sometimes make the length of the crank variable and adjustable,
I arrange two or more crank pins at different distances from the
or
.

page_text: centre of the shaft, to either of which, as desired, the connecting rod
may be fitted.
The collars of the bearings of the driving shaft are made
sufficiently large and strong to resist the thrust of the connecting rod,
and I sometimes arrange friction rollers between such collars and the
bearings against which they work, or where a single apparatus, as 5
described, is used, I arrange a suitable bearing or step at the outer end
of the driving shaft to take the thrust of the latter.
I prefer however to make the apparatus double, that is to say, having
a fixed and moveable block or jaw (as already described) arranged
opposite each end of the driving shaft, each moveable block or jaw being 1
driven by a separate connecting rod and crank pin; or sometimes I
make the driving shaft hollow, and I make both the connecting rods (at
their inner ends) work upon the same spherical pin or cup, fixed at or
near the centre of the length of the shaft.
By the arrangements last described the thrust against the shaft from
each end of the machine is neutralized by that from the opposite
direction.
In order to draw back each moveable block or jaw after it has been
forced forward in the way described, I make loose plates surrounding
the connecting rods, and screwed or otherwise fixed to the crank pins or
to the hollow cups in which the ends of the connecting rod work; or
sometimes I arrange and use springs or weighted levers, so arranged as
to draw back the moveable block or jaw and to keep the ends of the
connecting rod constantly in contact with the crank pin and the back of
the moveable jaw respectively.
The accompanying Drawing is in illustration of my Invention.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section; Figure 2, an end view; and
Figure 3, a plan of a single machine. a is the fixed jaw, and b, the
moveable jaw, which is hung by the centre c upon the frame d of the
machine; e is the driving shaft working in the bearing f, and carrying
the fly wheel g. The plate or crank / upon the end of the shaft e has a
recess in it, in which works one end of the connecting rod i, the other
end of which works in a similar recess at the back of the moveable jaw b.
The two recesses are so arranged that only in one position of the driving
shaft (as shewn in Figure 3) the connecting rod i is parallel to the
driving shaft. k, l, are plates surrounding the spherical ends of the

page_text: connecting rod i, and by which the moveable jaw b is drawn back from
the fixed one a as the crank / revolves.
Another arrangement which I sometimes adopt for causing the
reciprocating movement of the moveable jaw or block is as follows :-I
make the end of the driving shaft (in end view) or of a plate fitted to it
and fixed to it in the form of a helical inclined plane or cam, so arranged
as to rise gradually from the end of the shaft for a part of its circum-
ference, and to recede gradually to its original position for the remainder
of its circumference. I make this inclined plane work against a corre-
sponding inclined plane or cam formed upon or fixed to the back of the
moveable block or jaw, or against a friction stud or roller similarly
placed. And in this arrangement of my apparatus in order to withdraw
the moveable block or jaw from the fixed one when the pressure upon
the former ceases I either use a suitable spring or weight in a method
similar to that already described, or I form upon the cylindrical part of
the end of the driving shaft a curved groove or rib, into or round which
a stud fits, which is attached to the moveable block or jaw, the groove
or rib being of such a shape that it serves as a cam to draw back the
stud, and with it the moveable block or jaw when the helical inclined
plane, first described, is receding, but allows them to advance when the
helical inclined plane is advancing.
In the accompanying Drawing Figures 4, 5, and 6, are in illustration
of this part of my Invention; Figure 4 is a longitudinal section;
Figure 5 is an end view, and Figure 6, a plan of a double machine.
a, a', are the fixed jaws, and b, b', are the moveable jaws hung by
centres c, c', to the frame d. The driving shaft e carries the fly wheel f
and works in bearings g, g¹. Cams or projections h, h³, upon the ends
of the driving shaft e actuate the moveable jaws 6, 6¹, by means of the
similar cams or projections 2, ¹, fixed behind them.
In Figure 4 a hook k is shewn attached to the jaw 6 and working
within a curved groove / formed round the driving shaft e for the
purpose of withdrawing the moveable jaw 6 from the fixed jaw a at the
required time. At the other end of the machine the hook k¹ is shewn
for a similar purpose, but working behind a curved rib instead of in a
groove.

page_text: blocks or jaws, and I make these grooves or ribs in such a position that
those upon one of the jaws cross those upon the other jaw at angles
which may be varied according to the hardness and character of
the substance which is being broken; or sometimes I make the angles
at which the grooves or ribs upon the two jaws cross each other increase
or decrease gradually at different parts of the crushing surfaces of the
jaws, so as to facilitate the crushing of the substance into fragments,
which become smaller as they pass through the machine.
Ribs or grooves arranged as and for the purpose described may be
applied to crushing surfaces or other forms of crushing apparatus as 1
well as to crushing apparatus constructed according to my Invention, as
herein-before described.
Having now described my Invention and the manner in which it is to
be performed, 1 claim,—
-
The general construction and arrangement of the apparatus, sub- 1
stantially as described and shewn in the Drawing.
Also the methods of communicating a backward and forward motion to
the loose jaw of crushing machines, substantially as described and shewn
in the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Julius Ball, have hereunto 2
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
bc performed, 1 claim,-
The general construction and arrangement of the apparatus, sub- 1
stantially as described and shewn in the Drawing.
Also the methods of communicating a backward and forward motion to
the loose jaw of crushing machines, substantially as described and shewn
in the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Julius Ball, have hereunto 2
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.