A FURNACE OR FIRE-PLACE, CALCULATED TO SAVE A GREAT EXPENCE IN FUEL, FOR ALL PURPOSES FOR WHICH THE SAME MAY BE APPLIED
Year: 1796

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
LLOYD, of the Parish of Woolstanton, in the County of Stafford, Iron Founder,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, by His Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Thirteenth day of December, in the thirty-seventh year of His
reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Francis Lloyd, my exors,
admors, and assigns, special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
for and during the term of years therein expressed, to make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed,
my Invention of "A FURNACE OR FIRE-PLACE, CALCULATED TO SAVE A GREAT
EXPENCE IN FUEL, FOR ALL PURPOSES FOR WHICH THE SAME MAY BE APPLIED;" in
which said Letters Patent there is contained a provisoe obliging me, the said
Francis Lloyd, to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within one calendar month next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the same (relation
being thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Lloyd, in compliance with the
said proviso, do declare that the nature of my said Invention consists as well,
in some instances, in a new and different construction or formation of fire-
places never before done, as in conveying the fire and heat into and about

page_text: the vessells containing the liquids to be heated, boiled, or rarified within the
vessells containing the same, as also without by means of pipes or flues, and
also in using certain kinds of pipes or flues therein, which could never before
be so employed with effect; and the same, as well as all other pipes and tubes,
by being applied according to my new method, are rendered more durable,
lasting, and usefull for the heating of liquids and raising steam than by any
other method over before practised or attempted; and further, my said In-
vention consists of a stove or fire-place calculated to save fuel in and about
the drying and kilning of malt and grain of all kinds, wool, and other materials,
in a more regular and beneficial manner than by any other method over before
attempted or done; and the way in which the same is to be performed, is
ascertained and described as well by the Figures and Delineations hereunto
annexed as by the descriptions and explanations herein-after set forth (that is
to say):
As to fire-places and vessells for heating liquids and raising of steam for any
use or purpose whatsoever, I set out the bottom or fire grate in any proper
common mode, according to the size, form, or shape of the boiler or vessell con-
taining the liquid to bo heated, or from which steam is intended to be raised.
No 1 shows the inside of the boiler. a, in that Figure describes, the inside pipe
or flue; b, the point where the pipe is connected to the side of the boiler by pins
and screws or other proper fastnesses, from which point there is a communi-
cation between the fire-place beneath, and from whence the flame and heat
ascends into and passes through the said pipe, which is in like manner con-
nected with the side of the boiler at the point c, from whence there is a con-
munication with the outside flue, as at a in N° 2, which commences near or
close to the wall of the chimney or stack next the same, and proceeds through
the said outside flue, and enters the stack or chimney on the opposite side
thereof; thus it is obvious that the said inside pipe or flue is subject to the
action of a small part of the boiler, and in one direction only it is possible to
vary the situation of the connection of the said inside pipe to the boiler; but
as the connection with the side or end of the boiler next the chimney or stack,
and at as little distance asunder as possible may be, is certainly best, as well
for the preservation thereof as for the convenience of setting the boiler to work
without the said inside pipe in cases, of accident thereto (as herein-after de-
scribed), I have therefore not noticed any such variations. The said inside
pipe or flue is supported by chains or perpendicular mettle bars or mettle rods,
in like manner as is used for supporting the bottoms of boilers, or by mettle
bars from the sides of the boiler, or by both means, or any other proper mode.
The inside pipe or flue may be of cast iron or other proper mettle or metallic
"

page_text: substance capable of being cast, or of other such proper mettle or metallic
substance, and are made of any proper shape or figure, and of the ordinary
substance and thickness, as pipes or tubes of like dimensions are usually made
and constructed. The said outside flue is made in the ordinary way. The
inside pipe or flue is placed as near the bottom of the boiler or vessell con-
taining the liquid as possible to be clear of the sanie, and must be in capacity
larger or smaller according to the size of the boiler, fire-place, and chimney
flue. In all cases, the proper size and capacity of the inside pipes will be
obvious, considering them simply as fire flues in the common way. In all
cases of large vessells for raising steam, I recommend the use of cast iron inside
pipes or flues as being (in the end) the cheapest and (being applied on the
foregoing principles) will be found sufficiently durable, lasting, and as well as
all other kinds of pipes or flues, freed from the great injuries they are exposed
to in any other way heretofore used. In cases of accident, misfortune, or
damage happening to the said inside pipe or flue rendering the same useless, by
being provided with proper caps to stop the holes in the boiler side or end at
the communication with the said pipe or flue, the boiler may be very soon set
on to work again by also making up the communication between the fire and
the said pipe or flue, and opening a like communication between the fire and
the commencement of the said outside fluc at a in N° 2, whereby any great
delay or hindrance of business which might be occasioned in procuring another
inside pipe will be prevented. For all other purposes, the said inside pipe may
be varied according to the shape of the vessell containing the liquid to be
heated, and to the convenience of the purpose for which the same is used,
observing always to carry the same to the greatest convenient extent of pipe
or inside flue possible. In vessells of small capacity, and where there is any
considerable depth of liquid, any proper pipe or flue may be fixed in or near
the bottom of the vessell, as may be convenient, from the fire door, in an
upright or other such like direction, and enter the chimney or outward flue to
such vessell as near the top thereof as may be, or above the same; but in cases
where the said upright pipe is continued above the surface of the liquid, I
would not recommend the use of cast iron pipes. In respect to my Invention
for drying malt, grain, wool, and other articles, by the following directions, and
by observing the following proportions, kilns of any size or dimensions may be
erected, or any kiln already erected may with little alteration or expence be
converted thereto. To erect a kilu seventeen feet square I lay cast iron or
other
proper mettle beams or bearers, and bars or timber beams and joints
proper and sufficient to support the kiln floor in the common way of supporting
floors. In the place where the fire-place is set in common malt kilns, I erect

page_text: a wall in a circular form, about nine inches in thickness, and about three fee
in height, and about twenty-two inches clear within, leaving an open space of
about twenty inches in width in front, and opposite to which open space a par
tition wall is raised across the said circular space with bricks to the whole
height, and, at about one third part of the diameter of the said circular space
from tho back part thereof; a proper fire grate is then laid on the remaining
part, and extending in length from the front to the, said partition wall. The
space under the fire grate is the ash cave upon the said wall, and over the said
fire grate I throw a common cast iron stove pot, of an hollow semi-globular
form; but rather deeper than half a globe, and about two feet and six inches
in diameter, having no opening in the top or sides but the fire door, place.
Within the said stove pot I make a partition of mettle to correspond with the
said space between the space next the back part of the ash cave and the
partition wall above mentioned in the said circular wall, or rather where good
fire-bricks can be procured, I make the said division or partition by erecting
the same therewith on the said first-mentioned partition; this partition is to
be continued up the said stove pot to within about four inches of the top or
crown of the same, the use of which is to give more activity to the fire; and
the better to heat the said crown of the stove pot, a fire door place about eight
inches wide (to which is put a fire door) is left in the part intended for the
front part of the stove, which being done, this part is compleat. The situation
is obvious, (that is to say,) the fire door will correspond with the opening in
the ash cave (and the partitions with each other; about this circular wall and
stove pot I erect a room about six feet square in the inside, they being in the
centre. The walls of this room are raised six feet in height, from whence at
the four corners I raise four pillars, about eight inches in height, upon which
is placed a stone, iron, or other proper material, similar to what in common
malt kilns are called spark stones or plates; from the top of the said six foot
walls and the bottom of the said pillars arches are sprung to abbut against the
shell walls of the kiln at about fifteen inches below the under side of the kiln
floor; the said arch being close and connected round the whole kiln, admits the
heat from the spaces between the spark plate and the said square wall to
diffuse itself only in the space between the said arches and tho under sido of
the kiln floor; the draft from the stove pot is effected by means of a flue about
twelve inches square communicating under the stove pot with the division
before mentioned, and the space made by the partition in the first-mentioned
circular wall separating the said space from the ash cave, and with a common
chimney erected near any outside wall of the kiln. If it should be thought
necessary, the said flue may be continued and conducted upon the said arch

page_text: round the whole kiln between the same and the floor, which I recommend to
be constructed of bricks, about two inches in thickness, in which case the
chimney must be erected nearly opposite the back part of the stove, and the
flue to be placed upon the said arch close or near to the shell or out walls of
the kiln, as being the coolest part thereof; the size and number of these fire-
places will be in proportion to the size and shape of the kiln. Some part of the
said six foot walls may be erected so as to be taken down occasionally to admit
a person to clean the inside of the kiln. A common damper or register being
placed in the chimney to regulate the draught, and doors being put to the
door places to be made in the inner six foot square room, and to extreme part
of the kiln, to prevent the admission of too much air, the kiln is compleat, and
pit or any other coal or fuel may be used therein.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Lloyd, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Ninth day of January, One thousand seven hundred and
ninety-seven.