A NEW INSTRUMENT OR ANEMOGRAPH FOR DELINEATING AND REGISTERING THE DIRECTION AND FORCE® OF THE WINDS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Burt Howlett, of Chelsea, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "A NEW INSTRUMENT OR
ANEMOGRAPH FOR DELINEATING AND REGISTERING THE DIRECTION AND FORCE®
OF THE WINDS."
Sealed the 9th January 1866, and dated the 12th July 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Burt Howlett
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th July 1865.
I, SAMUEL BURT HOWLETT, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
INSTRUMENT OR ANEMOGRAPH FOR DELINEATING AND REGISTERING THE DIRECTION,
AND FORCE OF THE WINDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is for the purpose of delineating a map of the winds as
they cross the instrument, showing the direction and force of several currents
of air..
The instrument is shown at Figure 1.. A is a light globe of any required
diameter; B, B, is a brass tube passing through the globe working freely in
every direction. upon a gimbal at C, which is covered with flexible: waterproof
cloth. At the lower part of this tube a weight D. rests upon a collar, and

page_text: in the lower part of the tube at E a pencil is placed to work freely, but under
an amount of pressure to make it mark with the strength required; F is a
slate, the upper surface of which is ground flat, and on it are concentric
circles divided into degrees; or the inner portion may be ground into a
concave form, having the centre of its radius in the gimbal; G is the outside
covering; it is made of tin, sheet iron, or other suitable material having
windows; the front is closed by a shutter, so that the whole may be weather-
proof. Previously to the instrument being screwed to the spot it is intended
to occupy care must be taken to place the middle line on the slate marked
0 and 180° accurately on the meridian, east being at 90°. Now as the
resistance to a sphere moving through a fluid is in theory but half the
resistance to its great circle, that principle is employed with certain modifica-
tions in the construction of this instrument in order to enable a globe to be
used in preference to a flat surface with a directing power, or to a globe cut
into parts, as subsequently described. Now the wind coming from any point
will press upon the globe, which will instantly cause the pencil to draw that
direction or bearing upon the slate; and the force of that current, is shown by
the extent to which the pencil reaches from the centre of the circles; and the
force, required to cause the pencil to reach to any one of the concentric
circles depends upon an adjustment of the forces at A. and D, which are
determined in making the instrument by weights attached to one end of a
string passed over a pulley, the other end being attached to the centre of the
globe. The centre of the circles on the slate denotes a dead calm, while
the outer circle will measure the form of a storm. These forces are given in
lbs. and tenths upon a square foot.
Figure 2 represents a modification in the instrument in a cheaper form.
H, H, H, are three legs forming a tripod stand; I is a circular slate having
degrees and circles as before described. Instead of a perfect globe a globe
of metal K, cut into eight parts, is used, and so.contrived that in every position
it presents an approximate disc. equal to a whole or half a square foot, or
any other proportion. L is a rod suspended to a gimbal at M, on which the
globe or disc is placed, and in the tube there is a pencil, as before described.
The instrument should always be left in a state ready to register any storm
that may happen; but when it is required to investigate the nature of the
current in light breezes, then they may be delineated on a larger scale by
merely raising the globe on the tube; this gives. a different value: to. concen-
tric circles, as the outer one may only represent 4 lbs. on. the square foot
instead of 20. lbs. or more. To. draw these lighter winds on paper a litho
graphed sheet, having the circles or degrees upon it, is placed in position

page_text: under the pencil and held down. Pencils of any kind or a tracing point and
metallic paper may be used.
When time is added to this instrument a clock causes a tablet to pass an
assigned length in 24 hours, having a paper affixed to the tablet, so that
when the pencil is at zero, or calm, it is on the middle line, and the time of'
any particular current is found by the place of its centre when the pencil.was.
made to strike out..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent; filed
by the said Samuel Bart Howlett in the Great Seal Patent Office on.
the 12th January 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL...
BURT HOWLETT, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send,
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters-
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of July, in the year of our Lord One-
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Samuel Burt Howlett, Her special licence that I, the said Samuel
Burt Howlett, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others.
as I, the said Samuel Burt Howlett,, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to timė-
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and.
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, án.
Invention for "A NEW INSTRUMENT OR ANEMOGRAPH FOR DELINEATING AND.
REGISTERING THE DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WINDS," upon the condition.
(amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Burt Howlett, my executors 'or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature'
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office 'within'
six calendar months next and immediatley after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
.
.
NOW KNOW 'YE, that 'I, 'the said Samuel Burt Howlett do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by!

page_text: the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings here-
unto annexed, that is to say :-
This Invention is for the purpose of delineating a map of the winds. as
they cross the instrument, showing the direction and force of the several
currents of air.
The instrument is, shewn at Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings. A. is
a light globe of any required diameter; B, B, is a brass tube passing through the
globe working freely in every direction upon a gimbal at C, which is covered
with flexible waterproof cloth. At the lower part of this tube a weight D
rests upon a collar, and in the lower part of the tube at E a pencil is placed
to work freely, but under an amount of pressure to make it mark with the
strength desired; Fis a slate, the upper surface of which is ground flat," and
on it are concentric circles divided into degrees, or the inner portion may be
ground into a concave form, having the centre of its radius in the gimbal ;. G
is the outside covering; it is made of tin, sheet iron, or other suitable material,
having windows; the front is closed by a shutter, so that the whole may be
weather-proof. Previously to the instrument being screwed to the spot it is
intended to occupy care must be taken to place the middle line on the slate
marked Q and 180° accurately on the meridian, east being at 90°. Now as
the resistance to a sphere moving through a fluid is in theory but half the
resistance to its great circle, that principle is employed with certain modifica-
tions in the construction of this instrument in order to enable a globe to be.
used in preference to a flat surface with a directing power, or to a globe cut
into parts, as subsequently described. The wind coming from any point will
press upon the globe, which will instantly cause the pencil to draw that
direction or bearing on the slate, and the force of that current is shewn by the.
extent to which the pencil reaches from the centre of the circles; and the
force required to cause the pencil to reach to any one of the concentric circles.
depends upon an adjustment of the forces at A and D, which are determined
in making the instrument by weights attached to one end of a string passed.
over a pulley,, the other end being attached to the centre of gravity of the
globe. The centre of the circles on the slate denotes a dead calm, while the
outer circle will measure the force of a storm.. These forces are given in lbs.
and tenths upon a square foot.
Figure 2 represents a modification of the instrument in a cheaper form;
H, H, H, are legs forming a tripod stand; I is a circular slate, having degrees
and circles as before described. Instead of a perfect globe a globe of
metal K, cut into eight parts, is used, and so contrived that in every
position it presents an approximate. disc equal to a whole or half a square

page_text: foot or any other proportion; L is a rod suspended to a gimbal at M, on which
the globe or disc is placed, and in the tube there is a pencil, as before
described.
The instrument should always be left in a state ready to register any storm
that may happen, but when it is required to investigate the nature of the
currents in light breezes, then they may be delineated on a larger scale by
merely raising the globe on the tube. This gives a different value to the
concentric circles, as the outer one may only represent 4 lbs. on the square
foot instead of 20 lbs. or more. To draw these lighter winds on paper a
lithographed sheet, having the circles and degrees upon it, is placed in position
under the pencil and held down. Pencils of any kind or a tracing point and
metallic paper may be used.
When time is added to this instrument a clock causes a tablet to pass an
assigned length in 24 hours, having a paper fixed to the tablet, so that when
the pencil is at zero, or calm, it is on the middle line, and the time of any
particular current is found by the place of its centre when the pencil was made
to strike out.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the instrument.
or anemograph constructed substantially as herein-before described, and
represented in the accompanying Drawings, for delineating and registering the
direction and force of the winds.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Burt Howlett, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-six.