IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING OR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Hendry Floor Cloth Manufacturer and James
Melville Foreman, both of Kirkcaldy in the County of Fife North Britain
for an Invention of 'IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING OR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Hendry and James
Melville at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September
1882.
DANIEL HENDRY, Floorcloth Manufacturer, and JAMES MELVILLE, Foreman,
both of Kirkcaldy, in the County of Fife, North Britain, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING OR MANUFACTURING LINOLEUM OR SIMILAR FABRICS
"
This Invention relates to an improved combination of parts of machinery for
preparing or manufacturing linoleum or similar fabrics. The improved machine is
designed to effect, in a continuous manner, the various operations in manufacturing
linoleum, which have hitherto been generally effected by separate machines and
partly by hand, of conveying and mixing the ground cork and cementing materials
forming the wearing surface, and of preparing, spreading, and pressing the mixed
ingredients on to the binding woven fabric which forms the back of the linoleum.
The improved machine comprises a long cylindrical steam jacketed disintegrating
and mixing vessel into which the ground cork is fed close to one end by means of
a long archmedian screw or elevator enclosed within a tube or casing, and
extending from the mixing vessel to a hopper fitted in close proximity to the
grinding machinery by which the cork is pulverised. The mixing vessel is provided
with angled mixing blades or knives which are arranged in two sets, the one set
projecting radially outwards from a central rotating shaft, and the other set
projecting inwards from a framing carried by a hollow shaft on the same axis, and
rotating in the opposite direction. These blades or knives thoroughly mix together
the cork which is discharged into the vessel, and the usual cakes of "cement " or
plastic mixture of oil and resinous or gummy matters which are passed through
Povine B1

page_text: The
nipping and feeding rollers into the disintegrating and mixing vessel.
disintegrating and mixing blades are so angled that while revolving and mixing
the materials within the vessel, they also press or feed forward the mixture
towards the opposite end of the vessel where it is delivered through a small
aperture provided with a sluice or movable door operated by a screw or similar
device for regulating the size of outlet orifice as desired. This door is so fitted on
hinges or pivots and held by catches, that it can readily be thrown open without
using the adjusting screw device when required for cleaning out the mixing
vessel.
From the outlet orifice of the mixing vessel, the mixed heating material falls on
to an inclined shelf or board which guides it in between the upper and central roll
of a series of three horizontal crushing or squeezing rolls arranged vertically over
each other, and thence the material is led between the central and the lower roll.
From these rolls the material is led in the form of a sheet between a pair of rolls
arranged horizontally, and as it passes from these rolls the sheet of material is
broken up by a disintegrating spiked drum revolving rapidly. This drum is
covered by a casing out of which the broken mass of material is delivered in a
regular stream in between a pair of large rolls which spread and squeeze or press
the soft material on to and partly through broad sheets or lengths of cloth of open
texture, which is fed through these rolls along with the material, and forms the
back of the linoleum, and holds or binds together the fabric. The rolls between
which the material is passed are made hollow and heated by preference with steam
which may be the exhaust from the engine driving the machine.
The various moving parts of the machine are driven by means of arrangements
of gearing from a single crank shaft or a counter shaft.
The crank shaft gives motion to a counter shaft by means of a belt and pulleys,
and from this counter shaft, the shafts carrying the mixing blades are driven either
direct or through intermediate reducing gear, by means of an open belt and a cross
belt to reverse the direction of motion of one of the mixer shafts. The rollers
which feed in the cakes of cement to the disintegrator or mixer, are driven by spur
gearing from one of the mixer shafts, and the spindle of one of these rollers is fitted
with a cone pulley, from which a belt passes to a cone or drum on a spindle
carrying bevil gearing, through which is driven the archmedian screw or elevator
which elevates and conveys the ground cork from the grinding mill to the mixer.
The feeding in of the ground cork and cakes of cement is thus effected in
approximately regular proportions which may be adjusted to a considerable degree
of nicety by shifting the belt on the cone pulleys. The main counter shaft has
fitted at one end a bevil wheel gearing into a bevil pinion on a shaft placed at right
angles to it, and which gives motion to the different series of crushing and
spreading rolls, and to the disintegrating drum. The rolls are driven through
intermediate spur gearing from this shaft to reduce the speed, while the dis-
integrating drum is driven by means of a belt and fast and loose pulleys at a high
speed. Clutches are fitted to the shafts so that the whole machine may be stopped
without stopping the engine, or any portion of the machine temporarily put out
of gear.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Daniel Hendry and James Melville in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th March 1883.
DANIEL HENDRY, Floor-cloth Manufacturer, and JAMES MELVILLE, Foreman,
both of Kirkcaldy, in the County of Fife, North Britain "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING OR MANUFACTURING LINOLEUM OR SIMILAR FABRICS
13
Our said Invention relates to an improved combination of parts of machinery
for preparing or manufacturing linoleum or similar fabrics. The improved machine
is designed to effect, in a continuous manner the various operations in manufacturing
linoleum (which have hitherto been generally effected by separate machines and
partly by hand) of conveying and mixing the ground cork and cementing materials
forming the wearing surface, and of preparing, spreading and pressing the mixed
ingredients onto the binding woven fabric which forms the face of the linoleum.
Our Invention is illustrated by the accompanying Drawings, of which Figure 1
is a sectional side elevation, and Figure 2 a plan of the improved machinery for
preparing linoleum or similar fabrics, while Figure 3 is an end elevation of the
mixing vessel hereinafter referred to.
The improved machine comprises a long cylindrical steam jacketed disintegrating
and mixing vessel A, A³, formed with an outer casing A, and an internal casing or
lining A, with an intermediate steam space a. Into this vessel A, A, the ground
cork is fed close to one end by means of a long archmedian screw C, or elevator
enclosed within a tube or casing C¹ part of which is shown in figure 3, and which
extends from the mixing vessel A to a hopper fitted in close proximity to the
usual grinding machinery by which the cork is pulverised. The ground cork falls
from the upper end of the screw through a delivery tube C2 and through an
opening c into the mixing vessel A, A'. The mixing vessel A, A' is provided with
angled mixing blades or knives b, b' which are arranged in two sets, the one set b
projecting radially outwards from a central rotating shaft B, and the other set b¹
projecting inwards from a framing carried by a hollow shaft B' on the same
axis, and rotated in the opposite direction, by means of the gearing hereinafter
described.
"
The blades or knives b, b' thoroughly mix together the cork which is discharged
through the opening c into the vessel, and the usual cakes of "cement or plastic
mixture of oil and resinous or gummy matters which are passed through nipping
and feeding rollers D, D and through an opening & into the disintegrating and
mixing vessel A, A¹.
The disintegrating and mixing blades b, 61, are so angled that while revolving
and mixing the materials within the vessel, they also press or feed forward the
mixture towards the opposite end of the vessel where it is delivered through a
small aperture e provided with a sluice or movable door E, operated by a screw and
screw wheel E¹ or similar device for regulating the size of outlet orifice e' as desired.
This door E is so fitted on pins or pivots e², and held by catches e³, that it can
readily be thrown open without using the adjusting screw device E' when required
for cleaning out the mixing vessel A A¹.
From the outlet orifice e¹ of the mixing vessel, the mixed heated material falls
on to an inclined shelf or board F which guides it in between the upper and
central roll G, G', of a series of three horizontal crushing or squeezing rolls G, G, G³
arranged vertically over each other; and thence the material is led (by adhering
to the surface of the roll G') between the central and the lower rolls G¹, G². From
these rolls G, G1, G2 the material is led in the form of a sheet between a pair of

page_text: rolls Ga G, arranged horizontally, and as it passes from these rolls the sheet of
material is broken up by a disintegrating spiked drum H revolving rapidly, with
its spiked surface in contact or nearly so with the surface of the roll G. This
drum H is covered by a casing H' against which the material is thrown, and out
of which the broken mass of material is delivered in a regular stream in between a
pair of large rolls I, I', which spread and squeeze or press the soft material on to
and partly through broad sheets or lengths of cloth J of open texture which is fed
through these rolls along with the material, and forms the face of the linoleum and
holds or binds together the fabric. The cloth J into which the broken material is
pressed, is supplied from a roll J'. The rolls G, G¹, G², G³, G4, and I, I', between
which the material is passed, are made hollow and are heated by preference with
steam, which may be the exhaust from the engine driving the machine.
The various moving parts of the machine are driven by means of arrangements
of gearing from a single crank shaft K operated by a motive-power engine, or from
a counter-shaft.
The crank shaft K gives motion to a counter-shaft L by means of a belt k¹ and
pulleys k, l, and from this counter-shaft L, the solid and hollow shafts B, B',
carrying the mixing blades are driven either direct or as shown through inter-
mediate reducing wheel gear M, M², M², M³, by means of an open belt m, and a
cross belt m¹, and pulleys 11, 12, and n, n', on the shaft L and intermediate shaft N
respectively, so that the direction of motion of one of the mixer shafts B is the
reverse of the other B¹.
The rollers D, D, which feed in the cakes of cement to the disintegrator or mixer
A, A¹, are driven by spur gearing D¹ from one of the mixer shafts B¹, and the
spindle of one of these rollers is fitted with a cone pulley D², from which a belt d'
passes to a cone or drum D³ on a spindle d² carrying bevil gearing D', through
which is driven the archmedian screw C or elevator which elevates and conveys
the ground cork from the grinding mill to the mixer. The feeding in of the
ground cork and cakes of cement is thus effected in approximately regular
proportions which may be adjusted to a considerable degree of nicety by shifting
the belt on the cone pulleys.
The main counter-shaft L, has fitted at one end a bevil wheel O gearing into a
bevil pinion O¹ on a shaft P placed at right angles to it on which is a spur
pinion P¹, and which gives motion to the different series of crushing and spreading
rolls G, G', G2, G3, G and I, I', by means of spur gearing P2, P3, P4, P³ as is
clearly shown in figures 1 and 2. The upper crushing rolls G, G1, G2 are geared
together by spur pinions at the ends of their bearing spindles, as are also the
lower rolls G³, G. The disintegrating drum H is driven by a belt R and fast and
loose pulleys R1, R2, from the shaft P. The various parts of the machine are
carried by means of a strong framing which may be of any suitable construction.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we have to state that we do not restrict ourselves to the
precise details herein described or delineated, but what we believe to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The novel arrangement and combination of parts of machinery to effect
in a continuous manner the various operations required in preparing or manu-
facturing linoleum or similar fabrics, substantially as herein described and illustrated
by the accompanying Drawings.
Second. In machinery for preparing or manufacturing linoleum or similar fabrics,
the construction and combination of the steam jacketed mixing vessel A, A¹, and
double set of knives or blades b, 61, on solid and hollow shafts B, B', operated, so as
to rotate in opposite directions by means of belt gearing from an engine shaft or
counter shaft, substantially as herein described and illustrated by the accompanying
Drawings.
Third. In machinery for preparing or manufacturing linoleum or similar fabrics,
the construction and combination with the mixing vessels A, A' of the movable

page_text: screw door or sluice D and operating devices substantially as herein described and
illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. In machinery for preparing or manufacturing linoleum or similar fabrics,
the arrangement and combination of three crushing rolls G, G1, G2, fitted vertically
over each other, and of a pair of a horizontally fitted crushing rolls G3, G4, from
which the material is stripped by a spiked drum, substantially as herein described
and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. The novel arrangement of belt and toothed gearing for operating the
various moving parts of machinery for preparing or manufacturing linoleum or
similar fabrics, substantially as herein described and illustrated by the accompanying
Drawings.
In Witness Whereof, we the said Daniel Hendry, and the said James Melville,
have hereunto set our hands and seals this Sixth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty-three.
DANIEL HENDRY (L.S.)
JAMES MELVILLE
(L.S.)