CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF SPRINGS TO CARRIAGES
Year: 1830

page_text: GRAHAM, a Citizen of the United States of North America, but now residing
in West Street, Finsbury Square, in the City of London, Gentleman, send.
greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,.
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Seventeenth day of December, in the first year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Augustus Graham, His especial licence, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said Augustus Graham, my exors, adñors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Augustus Graham, my exors, adñors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and also in all His said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad,
the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF SPRINGS TO
CARRIAGES," communicated to me by a certain foreigner residing abroad; in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Augustus
Graham, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
Flis said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as
in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Augustus Graham, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the
following description thereof (that is to say):-
The object of the said Invention or improvements in the application of
springs to carriages is to lessen the jolting of the bodies thereof, and this
<desirable object may be effected in various ways. The springs may be made
of wood, or of hardened and tempered steel, as usual, and may either be
attached to the perch or framework of the carriage, or to the body of the
carriage, or to both, but between the springs and the perch or framework or
hody of the carriage. An axis or axes is or are introduced, with necks or pivots
turning in pivot holes made in the ends of the supports or crane necks attached
to the perch or framework or body of the carriage, and which said axis or axes
have affixed upon it or them either excentric or concentric wheels or pulleys of
different diameters, and with bands, cords, chains, or straps to them, by means
of which they are connected with the perch or framework, and the body of
the carriage; or otherwise, the said axis or axes may have arms or levers of
different lengths affixed upon them, from the ends of which said arms or levers
links or eyes may proceed to the supports or crane necks, and thereby connect
the perch or framework with the body of the carriage. In order, however, to
afford some examples of methods of carrying the said Invention into effect, I
shall proceed to describe the various Figures contained in the Drawing, which,
ns aforesaid, is annexed to this Specification, and in which said Drawing A,
Fig. 1, is the body of a carriage, and B the perch or framework; Fig. 2
being a plan of the perch or framework, and other parts, but without the
body; C, C, in Fig. 1, and C, C, C, C, in Fig. 2, represent the crane necks or
supports affixed upon the perch B, and having pivot holes in their upper ends,
in which the necks or pivots formed upon the ends of the axes D, D, turn.
In case there are springs on each side of the carriage, as in the hinder part of
this shewn, I affix upon the corresponding axes D two pair of wheels or
pulleys E, E, and F, F, of different diameters, and adjoining to each other,
and either excentric, as shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, and in the enlarged Figures 3
and 4, or concentric, as shewn in Fig. 5; E in all the Figures shewing the
smaller, and F the larger of the said wheels or pulleys. To the peripheries
of these said wheels or pulleys I affix bands, cords, chains, or straps; in the
Figures straps are shewn as being employed; and the straps G, G, from the
smaller wheels or pulleys E, E, are affixed underneath the body A of the
carriage, as shewn in Fig. 1; the straps H, HI, from the larger wheels F, F,

page_text: being linked to the moveable ends of the springs I, I, which are affixed to
the perch B, or framework of the carriage, as shewn in Figs. 1 and 2. In
case, however, of there being only one spring I affixed in the centre of the
perch or framework B, as shewn in the foro part of Fig. 2, 1 then employ
a small wheel or pulley E, affixed on each end of the axis D, from which
bands, cords, chains, or straps G, G, pass, and are affixed underneath the body
of the carriage A, and likewise a larger wheel or pulley F, affixed upon the
middle of the axis D, and from which a band, cord, chain, or strap H passes,
which is linked to the moveable end of the spring I, affixed to the perch or
framework B, as shewn in Fig. 2, and in the side view, Fig. 3. Instead of
mounting the wheels or pulleys E and F upon one axis D, as shewn, I can
also mount each pair of large and small ones upon a separate short axis, with
necks or pivots at its ends, and turning in holes made in the upper ends of
two crane necks C, C, as shewn in Fig. 6. In case of employing arms or
levers of different lengths, instead of wheels or pulleys, I can proceed as
follows:-A, Fig. 7, represents the body of a carriage, and B the perch or
framework; C, C, are two of four crane necks which are affixed underneath
the body of the carriage, and have pivot holes formed in their lower ends, in.
which the necks or pivots formed at the ends of axles D, D, turn. In case of
springs being employed on each side of the carriage, as in the hinder end of
Fig. 7, for instance, I mount a longer and a shorter lever J and K near
each of the axes D, as shewn in Fig. 8, and connect the ends of the longer
levers J with the moveable ends of the springs I, by means of links or
couplings. The shorter ends K, K, of the levers are in like manner linked
or coupled to four other crank necks, two of which are shewn at C, C, which
are affixed upon the perch B of the carriage. But when a spring in or under
the centre of the carriage is employed, then I affix a short lever K upon each
end of the axis D, and a longer one J in the centre of it, as shewn in Fig. 9,
the ends of the said levers being linked or coupled to the spring and crane
necks in the manner above described.
Having thus shewn and described several methods of carrying the said
Invention into effect, I hereby declare that it is not my intention to limit or
confine myself to the employment of those methods only, but to avail myself
of every other mode or method by which the said Invention of applying springs
to carriages by the introduction of axes, either with excentric or concentric
wheels or pulleys of different diameters affixed upon them, with arms or levers
mounted upon the said axes of different lengths; and I also claim the appli-
cation of springs either to the bodies or perches or framework of carriages,
and either in the methods herein shewn and described, or in any other modes

page_text: where the said axes with wheels or pulleys of different diameters mounterl
upon them, or with levers of different lengths, are used to apply springs to
carriages.
In witness whereof, I, the said Augustus Graliam, have hereunto set mý
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, One thousand eight hundred