IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES PHOTOGENICALLY INDELIBLE
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street, in
the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PRODUCING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES PHOTOGENICALLY INDELIBLE."-A com-
munication from abroad by Charles Raphael Maréchal, junior, and
Cyprien Marie Tessié du Motay, of Metz, France.
Sealed the 20th October 1864, and dated the 27th April 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 27th April 1864.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES PHOTOGENICALLY
INDELIBLE," to be as follows:-
The new method of producing photographic pictures photogenically indelible
consists,
1. In strengthening photographic pictures produced upon glass by any of
the means now in use, by the gradual and subsequent deposit of silver
coatings thicker than those hitherto obtained.
2. In gilding or platinizing the pictures thus strengthened by galvanic

page_text: substitution in rendering saline, wholly or partly, the silvered, gilt, or
platinized pictures by the action of chlorine, bromine, iodine, phosphorus, or
other chemical agent which will produce irectly salts of silver, gold, or platinum,
or, by subsequent decomposition docimastically, tinctorial oxides of silver, gold,
or platinum.
3. In fixing the pictures thus chemically treated on silicious substances,
such as crystal, glass, enamel, lava, ceramic ware, and on paper, pasteboard,
fabrics formed of amianth, and on other substances, either directly or other-
wise, 1st, by submitting them to the action of red heat; 2nd, by vitrifying
by the dry process by means of metallic, phosphoric, boracic or silicious
fluxes, or by silicatizing them by the damp process.
4. In depositing between the hollow spaces and interstices formed by the
clear parts of the photographic pictures, previously strengthened and sub-
mitted to red heat, either metallic coloring oxides or bodies capable of
reducing the oxides employed in coloring the silicious substances on which
the pictures are fixed, in order to produce on the bare surfaces of the silicious
substances fresh pictures of various colors, and photogenically indelible.
Process. In order to produce on crystal, glass, enamel, lava, ceramic
ware, and on silicious substances generally, photographic vitrifiable, and
consequently photogenically indelible pictures, I proceed as follows:-
1st, I spread a solution of caoutchouc or gutta percha on the material on
which it is desired to produce the photographic pictures; I then dry the
solution either in the open air or otherwise until it assumes the form of a
pellicle adhering to the material.
2nd, on the coating of caoutchouc or gutta percha I spread a coating of
normal collodion, which unites chemically with it, and which I also dry.
3rd, on the coating of caoutchouc or gutta percha thus chemically
combined with the layer of collodion I spread in the ordinary manner a
second coating of collodion sensitive to light.
4th, to produce the picture on this sensitive coating in a dark chamber or
by superposition I employ any of the methods at present in use.
5th, the picture being produced, I develop it by any of the known agents.
6th, I fix the developed picture by the consecutive action of soluble
iodides or iodo-cyanides, cyanides, or hyposulphites; this method of con-
'secutive fixing is quite new, and is an important element in this Invention.
7th, I submit the picture thus fixed to a solution of sulphate of protoxide
of iron, or to any other solution capable of reducing salts or subsalts of silver;
these solutions should be allowed to act on the picture about a quarter of an

page_text: hour; this method may also be employed before the fixing of the picture as
soon as it has been developed.
→
8th, the picture being thus fixed, I proceed to strengthen it. The
strengthening is effected by the action of pyrogallic acid, gallic acid, sulphate
of protoxide of iron, or other reducing agent on an acidulated solution of
silver. The strengthening may be continued consecutively in a number
of baths without the picture becoming injured or deteriorated, on account of
the adhesion produced by the triple layer of caoutchouc or gutta percha,
normal collodion, and sensitive collodion, and of the consecutive employment
of baths of iodides and cyanides, and of reducing baths after or before the
fixing of the picture.
9th, the strengthened picture having received the desired thickness of
silvering, I wash it again to remove the coatings of silver not adhering or
not reduced in the baths of cyanides, iodo-cyanides, or byposulphites, or
ammoniacal baths.
10th, the photographic picture being thus developed, fixed, reduced, and
strengthened, I plunge it consecutively for one or several hours in baths of salts
of platinum and gold, the metal of which becomes substituted galvanically for
the coating of silver. When it is desired to obtain in a muffle after
vitrifaction a picture of back color, I substitute for the coating of silver an
alternate coating nearly equal of platinum and gold; when it is desired to
produce a picture of a greenish black or greenish color, I substitute for the
silver coating more platinum and less gold; when it is desired to obtain a
picture of golden or yellow color, I employ a bath containing only a salt of
gold.
11th, the substituted picture is again washed in cyanides, iodo-cyanides;
hyposulphites, or in an ammoniacal bath; it is afterwards coated with a
varnish of caoutchouc, gutta percha, fatty essence, or other suitable material;
and submitted to beat in a muffle, which decomposes and burns the organic
matters, and exposes the metal.
12th, the metallic picture freed from caoutchouc, collodion, and other organic
matters is covered with a silicious, lead, or boracic flux; it is then again
submitted to the action of fire, which fixes and solidifies it. Pictures thus
vitrified will receive any color produced docimastically by coloring enamels.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 27th October 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letter's
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant untó
me, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Broonian, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United.
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES
PHOTOGENICALLY INDELIBLE," (communicated to me from abroad by Charles
Raphael Maréchal, junior, and Cyprien Marie Tessió du Motay, of Metz,
France,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner.the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say: "
The new method of producing photographic pictures photogenically indelible
consists,―
1. In strengthening photographic pictures produced upon glass by any of
the means now in use, by the gradual and subsequent deposit of silver
coatings thicker than those hitherto obtained.
2. In gilding or platinizing the pictures thus strengthened by galvanic

page_text: substitution in rendering saline, wholly or partly, the silvered, gilt, or platinized
pictures by the action of chlorine, bromine, iodine, phosphorus, or other
chemical agent which will produce directly salts of silver, gold, or platinum,
or, by subsequent decomposition docimastically, tinctorial oxides of silver, gold;
or platinum..
3. In fixing the pictures thus chemically treated on silicious substances,
such as crystal, glass, enainel, lava, ceramic ware, and on paper, pasteboard,
fabrics formed of amianth, and on other substances, either directly or other?
wise, 1st, by submitting them to the action of red heat; 2nd, by vitrifying by
the dry process by means of metallic, phosphoric, boracic, or silicious fluxes, or
by silicatizing them by the damp process.
4. In depositing between the hollow spaces and interstices formed by the
clear parts of the photographic pictures, previously strengthened and submitted
to red heat, either metallic coloring oxides. or bodies capable of reducing the
oxides employed in coloring the silicious substances on which the pictures are
fixed, in order to produce on the bare surfaces of the silicious substances fresh
pictures of various colors, and photogenically indelible.
Process. In order to produce on crystal, glass, enamel, lava, ceramic ware,
and on silicious substances generally, photographic vitrifiable, and consequently
photogenically indelible pictures, I proceed as follows:--
:
1st, I spread a solution of caoutchouc or gutta percha on the material on
which it is desired to produce the photographic pictures. I then dry the
solution either in the open air or otherwise until it assumes the form of a
pellicle adhering to the material..
2nd, on the coating of caoutchouc or gutta percha I spread a coating of
normal collodion, which unites chemically. with it, and which I also dry.
3rd, on the coating of caoutchouc or gutta percha thus chemically com-
bined with the layer of collodion I spread in the ordinary manner a second
coating of collodion sensitive to light.
4th, to produce the picture on this sensitive coating in a dark chamber or
by superposition I employ any of the methods at present in use.
5th, the picture being produced, I develop it by any of the known agents.
6th, I fix the developed picture by the consecutive action of soluble
iodides or iodo-cyanides, cyanides, or byposulphites; this method of con-
secutive fixing is quite new, and is an important element in this Invention...
7th, I submit the picture thus fixed to a solution of sulphate of protoxide
of iron, or to any other solution capable of reducing salts or subsalts of silver;
these solutions should be allowed to act on the picture about a quarter of an

page_text: hour; this method may also be employed before the fixing of the picture as
soon as it has been developed.
=
8th, the picture being thus fixed, I proceed to strengthen it. The
strengthening is effected, by the action of pyrogallic acid, gallic acid, sulphate
of protoxide of iron, or other reducing agent on an acidulated solution of
silver. The strengthening may be continued consecutively in a number of
baths without the picture becoming injured or deteriorated, on account of the
adhesion produced by the triple layer of caoutchouc or gutta percha, normal
collodion, and sensitive collodion, and of the consecutive employment of baths
of iodides and cyanides; and of reducing baths after or before the fixing of the
picture.
9th, the strengthened picture having received the desired thickness of
silvering, I wash it again to remove the coatings of silver not adhering or
not reduced, in the baths of cyanides, iodo-cyanides, or hyposulphites, or in
ammoniacal baths.
10th, the photographic picture being thus developed, fixed, reduced, and
strengthened, I plunge, it consecutively for one or several hours in baths
of salts of platinum and gold, the metal of which becomes substituted
galvanically for the coating of silver. When it is desired to obtain in a muffle
after vitrifaction a picture of black color, I substitute for the coating of silver
an alternate coating nearly equal of platinum and gold; when it is desired to
produce a picture of a greenish black or greenish color, I substitute for the
silver coating more platinum and less gold; when it is desired to obtain a
picture of golden or yellow color, I employ a bath containing only a salt
of gold.
11th, the substituted picture is again washed in cyanides, iodo-cyanides,
hyposulphites, or in an ammoniacal bath; it is afterwards coated with a
varnish of caoutchouc, gutta percha, fatty essence, or other suitable material,
and submitted to heat in a muffle, which decomposes and burns the organic
matters and exposes the metal.
12th, the metallic picture freed from caoutchouc, collodion, and other
organic matters is covered with a silicious, lead, or boracic flux; it is then
again submitted to the action of fire, which fixes and solidifies it. Pictures
thus vitrified will receive any color produced docimastically by coloring
enamels.
:
The Invention before described is also applicable to the transfer of photo-
graphic pictures to flat and curved silicious substances.
: 5
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that I claim producing
photographic pictures photogenically indelible substantially by the means and
in manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of October, One
thousand eight bundred and sixty-four.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)