Improvements in or relating to Explosion-engines.
Year: 1895

page_text: 'Date of Application, 13th Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 13th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 31st Oct., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Explosion-engines.
I, ROBERT CONRAD of Lackirergasse 6, Vienna IX in the Empire of Austria,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a double-acting explosion-motor without distribution or
reversal gear and in which a simple connection is made between the pump-cylinder
end and the piston-space of the working-cylinder in accordance with the. relative
position of the working-piston for the purpose of alternating the said piston-space
and the outer air, with the pumping-space of an air-pump working at right
angles, in order to dispense with the air-admission-valve of the working-
cylinder, as well as the air-admission and air-outlet valves, or the disc of the
air pump.
Furthermore in the above motor, notwithstanding, the possibility of expelling
the combustion-products from the working cylinder, before the entry of the
explosion mixture, the ordinary gas-valve is dispensed with, inasmuch as the
introduction, of gas or benzine-vapour into the working cylinder takes place eithor
through reciprocally distributing canals of the pumping and motive pistons, or
by the use of gas or benzine air-pumps, without any distributing or reversing
organs.
In one construction of my improved motor the two cylinders constitute a closed
case, the introduction of air into the working cylinder, and that of the explosion
mixture by the air of the pump, following in due sequence.
The axis of the working cylinder is at a right angle to that of the pump-
cylinder.
The working cylinder is provided with four exhaust apertures, which by reason
of the central introduction of air may be distributed over the ontire periphery of
the cylinder, whereby the exhaust area gains in size.
Further, the working cylinder has two other openings beneath the escape
openings and diametrically opposite to each other, which in conjunction with
similarly arranged ports in the working piston, enable the fresh air to be drawn
in; at the same end, the working cylinder communicates at the level of the
admission apertures by two pipes with the outer end of the pump-cylinder,
which also is connected by means of two other pipes running from the pumping
space, with a benzine evaporator or injector, of any well-known kind which
again is connected by one or more pipes with the interior of the working
oylinder.
The working piston is provided, for the purpose of the introduction of air, with
a transverse bore and also with a projecting pipe discharging into the transverse
bore, and for the introduction of the explosive material with several ports or ways,
opening into the transverse bore; and on its lower part it is provided with an annular
groove which enables the outer air to be drawn in through, the pumping-piston.
This latter is provided, on its side nearest the working piston with an annular
groove or conduit from which lead passages parallel with the axis of and extending
to the forward surface of the pumping piston.
The pistons are connected to the crank axle by rods which are themselves
pivotted to each other. All the other parts belonging to the motor are
constructed in a manner which is well-known, and need no special description.

page_text: The working of the motor above described is as follows ;-
After ignition, the working piston makes its downstroke, the pumping piston
moving forwards; when the former has almost entirely uncovered the exhaust
apertures, the latter has already driven about half the contents of the pumping
cylinder through the transverse and axial. borings of the working piston, so that,
the whole of the deflagrated gases are enabled to escape through the exhaust
openings.
As the rotation proceeds, from say right to left, the working piston, at its dead-
point begins slowly to close the exhaust openings, while the pumping-piston moves
rapidly to say the right, and brings the annular caual into communication with the
mouths of the pipes connected with the benzine injector or equivalent. At this
moment air is driven through the last mentioned pipes, as well as through the air
pipes leading to the working-cylinders; the air takes up or becomes saturated
with benzine in the injector and is conducted to the working cylinder and
admitted into the transverse boring wherein it mixes with the air introduced
through the air-pipes, and enters the cylinder through the axial boring or pipe.
When the working piston commences its down-stroke, and compresses the explosion
mixture within the cylinder-space, now completely closed, the pumping-piston is
ápproximately at its dead-point, nearly motionless and just beginning its outward
stroke. When the working piston completes the piston in its rapid descent, and
after the ignition of the explosion mixture, commences its upstroke, the annular
channel therein opens communication between the air-admission ports and pipes so
that the outer air is sucked into the pump.
In this position, the pipes connected with the injector and the injector itself are
virtually disconnected from the pump, so that no benzine can be sucked in. And
inasmuch as, even when the mouths of the explosive supply pipes are uncovered,
no benzine can reach the 'cylinder therefrom, all possibility of explosion is thus
prevented; for, even with an absolute atmospherio pressure of 0.75 or three-fourths
of the pressure of atmospheric air (the actual defect of pressure in suction being in
reality only from one-twentieth to one-thirtieth of atmospheric pressure, while in
this case the defect is one-fourth), no benzine-vapour can enter the pump, if the
pipo connecting the pump with the source of explosive supply is greater than
one-fourth of the pipe leading froni that source to the working cylinder, while to
the latter must yet be added an area corresponding to the ascent of. benzine-
vapour between two piston-strokes; and inasmuch as, actually the length of the
explosive supply pipe is say ten times that of the other pipe, it is evident that
absolutely no benzine-vapour can enter the pump-cylinder.
In a second form of the motor, the working and pump cylinders are not arranged
to form a closed case, but are separated from one another and connected together
and with the crank-axle bearings by bolts, while they are open at the ends which
are turned towards each other. The working piston in this motor is so arranged
as to uncover the mouths of the air-supply pipes in the working cylinder just
before the explosion, so that the annular piston-groove and the corresponding
ports of this working piston and cylinder being omitted, the outer air can be
sucked in.
1
Further the working piston and its connecting rod are connected not directly as
in the previous example but by means of a box fitted in the pistou; a screwed ring
serving to retain the box in position.
By this arrangement, the integrity of the walls of the piston is preserved, which
is a matter of special importance for the securing of a tight joint between the
piston and the cylinder.
By providing an aunular space between the box and the piston, the cooling
process can be applied to the latter, in lieu of to the cylinder as is customary and
with greater advantage.
.
To this end, the annular space of the working piston is connected, with an
admission-pipe and with an exhaust pipe, both of which are moved with the piston.
The upper end of the 'admission-pipe carries a hopper-shaped vessel into which

page_text: projects the conduit through which cold-water is continually running. The cold
water flows through the annular space, cools the piston and escapes by the outlet-
pipo into a receiver.
The pump-piston, for the sake of being duly counterbalanced, may receive, in
its upper hollow face, auy desired number of lead-plates, held in place by a
screw-nut.
The introduction of the explosive mixture takes place in the last-described
motor, not by the air, but by means of a gas pump, whereby the construction of
the pumping-piston is simplified.
The said gas-pump consists of a case closed on one side, whereof the interior is
in communication, as by a front boring or conduit with the admission nozzle of the
working cylinder and, by a rearward boring, with a gas holder or an air-pipe
having inserted in it a beuzine injector.
The piston is provided with a boring opposite the last named borings and
extending to the face, and is driven by a crank-axle which may be so adjusted, ip
relation to the driving crank that the flow of gas into the working cylinder occurs
at the same time as, or during any desired portion of the compression period, or
immediately subsequent to the closing of the escape or outlet-conduit.
The gas-pump at the inner dead-point of its crank, forces its gas into the motor.
By the adjustment of this crank in relation to the driving crank, the gas-admission
can be so regulated as to take place at any desired point of the compression stroke
of the motor under the sole condition that such desired point is sufficiently
removed from the explosion-lead point that no deflagrated gas is able to enter
the pump.
When the piston goes say to the right, then gas owing to the coincidence of the
borings conduits and by reason of the vacuum created, is sucked into the case
compressed by means of the advance of the piston, and then owing to the
coincidence or conjunction of other of the borings is forced, into the working
cylinder, where it mingles with the air froin the air-supply pipes.
The prossure in the gas-pump is, therefore, somewhat greater than in the
working cylinder, so that the flow of the gas into the latter can take place naturally.
The degree of compression can be regulated by adjusting a screw.
The motor may be combined with a double-piston gas-pump, driven from the
connecting-rods by means of the linked-levers and comprising a case with two
pistons working within it.
The manner of working this double-piston gas-pump is as follows;
At the time, just before the dead-point is reached, when communication
commences between the pumping and explosion spaces, the gas in the pump has a
tension or pressure somewhat in excess of that in the working cylinder.
At this juncture the piston begins to open up communication between its own.
boring and the casing boring or conduit; and while, at this moment this piston is
almost motionless, the second piston (which has only a short stroke) travels to say
the right, and forces the gas into the working cylinder.
As soon as this admission of gas is completed, the working piston has also
reached its dead-point, and the two pump pistons, while maintaining an equal
distance apart, travel a little further to say the right, so that the casing boring is
ent off; and at this moment the ignition takes place. The two pump pistons then
separate rapidly, whereupon the admission of gas ensues.
The movement of the two gas-pump pistons may be effected by cranks, or other
convenient means.
•
The second pump-piston may be provided with a transverse boring, with the
abject of a vacuum-less introduction of gas or benzine-charged air into the pump';
to this end, the pump-case is provided with three ports, which connect the pump
with the outer air.
By corresponding movements of the two pistons in relation to the working
piston, the period of gas-admission into the explosion chamber can be regulated at
will. Thereby it becomes possible, also, with an uncooled cylinder and a readily

page_text: •
'igniting explosive mixture, to hit upon the right moment of the flow, at which no
explosion takes place,' until just before the dead-point is attained.
By means of a corresponding constructive modification of the various parts of
the apparatus, an unequally high compression may he brought into action, as in
the motors now in use, which is advantageous, in presence of rapid and well-defined
explosion.
As further advantages of the pump above described, may be noted, that it requires
'no organs of distribution; that its inner chamber, at the moment of ignition, is
completely shut off from the explosion chamber; and that no superfluous gas or
deflagration gases remain in the pump and requiro blowing out, in view of a fresh
supply of gas.
This is of considerable moment; if, e.g. the pumping chamber and the explosion-
chamber were in communication, at the moment of ignition, there would be, every
time, a back-rush into the pump of high-tension, heated, explosive gas, where it
would mix with the previous mixture of gas; to be able to bring new gas into the
pump, either the mixed gases then in the pump' must be drawn off and allowed to
escape, or the compression of the gas would have to be made stronger than the
gas-tension of the explosion in the working cylinder.
All these evils are avoided by the double-piston pump, wherein also throttled
gas or benzine charged air can be introduced, which cannot be done by the single-
piston pump.
:
In a modified arrangement the introduction of air into the working cylinder is
not effected by means of a perforated piston, but directly and the suction of air,
as well as its compression in the working chamber, takes place wholly through a
short pipe.
In a double-piston motor constructed according to this invention the pump-
piston, ascends at the inner dead-point position of the working piston, and draws
or sucks in fresh air, while another or compound-piston at this juncture is at the
top of its stroke, and by its subsequent descent drives out the deflagrated gases.
At the outer dead-point of the two working pistons, the punip-piston descends'
and forces air into the working chamber, through the same pipe as that through
which the previous suction took place; the compound piston, during its following
ascent, allows the explosive mixture, which is now confined between the pistons, at
their maximum distance apart, to be compressed and forced against it, by the same
canal or conduit as that through which it had previously expelled the deflagrated
gases, after explosion, at the inner dead-point.
In order to obtain the most useful effect, the compound piston must receive the
pressure impulse before the other piston. drives the fresh air into the working
cylinder, .e., the compound-piston must lead the pumping piston.
Dated this 13th day of November 1895:
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
I!
Í, ROBERT CONRAD of Lackirergasse 6, Vienua IX, in the Empire of Austria,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed; to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :—
The present invention relates to two-stroke explosion-motors without distributing
mechanism, in which the driving piston is placed at an angle of 90° relatively to
the punip-piston and is slotted in such manner, or is made so long, or is provided
with such grooves or ports, that during the last part of its downstroke as well as

page_text: during the first part of its upstroke, this driving piston uncovers a passage leading
to the pump through which passage the pump-piston pumps up air when the driving
piston is in the middle position and forces air into the working cylinder when said
driving piston is in its end position.
In this invention the air-inlet and air-outlet valve of the motor and pump
cylinder, as well as the gas valve are dispensed with, even when prior admission, of
air is practised for the removal of the burnt gases, as the introduction of the
explosive mixture is effected through the passages or ports of the piston which form
a distributing mechanism, or, when desired, by using gas or benzino, pumps without
any distributing parts.
By separating the two cylinders it is made possible to introduce excess of air
into the charging space before the charging takes place, so that by the nearly
perfect clearing away of products of combustion thereby attained, not only all
premature explosions are avoided but also the purest possible, quickly burning
mixture is obtained, which two conditions are imperative for high speed motors.
The well-known two-beat motors such, for instance, as that described in the
Specification of Cock's British Patent No. 18513 of 1892 and Kjelsberg's motor
are on the contrary not suitable as high speed motors, because whilst in the
first one gas and air are pumped in immediately; they nevertheless may come
in contact with gases still burning; in the second one, in consequence of the small
quantity of air-which remains for the vaporisation of the benzine after the burnt
gases have been expelled, only a mixture poor in air can be obtained, so that electric
ignition has to be employed and therefore the motor cannot be a motor without a
a distributing mechanism..
By placing the pistons at an angle of 90 degrees, it is further made possible to
expel the burnt gases by means of the pumps, and then to admit, the air and air-gas
mixture, whereby all possibility of prematuro ignition is prevented.
"
How advantageous this action is, can be seen from the fact that even in four-
stroke motors, where half a revolution takes place between the end of the exhaust
and the next pumping of air, a further burning of the remainder of the charge, and
premature ignition, may occur.
The accompanying drawings show various modifications of the improved motor.
On Sheet I a motor is represented in which the two cylinders constitute a closed
case, the introduction.of air into the working cylinder, and the introduction of the
explosive mixture, by the air of the pump following in due sequence.
Figs. 1 and 2 are vertical sections of the notor taken ou planes at right angles
to each other;
Fig. 3 is a view from above, partly in section, and' with the omission of several
parts of the motor;
Fig. 4 is a cross section of the working cylinder;
Fig. 5 represents in elevation. and partly in section a motor with a device for
cooling the pistons, in which the motor and pump cylinders are separate.
Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of the motor-cylinder.
Fig. 6 shows in elevation a motor with separate cylinders, and with a double-
piston gas-pump driven directly by mechanism operated by the connecting-rod.
Figs. 7 to 10 show in diagrammatio form a single and a double-piston gas-pump;
Figs. 11 to 12 similarly show motors with more than two pistons;
Figs. 13; 14 & 15 abow three forms of constructing the motor in which the pump
and the motor cylinder are made in the same casting and the connection of the
pump and motor parts is also cast in the same piece.
The motor represented in Figs. 1-4 consists of a working cylinder 1 and a
pump-cylinder 2; whereof the axes are at right angles to each other, and which
form together a closed casing.
The working cylinder is provided with four exhaust apertures 3, which by reason
of the central introduction of air may be distributed over the entire periphery of
the cylinder, whereby the exhaust area,may be increased in.size.
Further, the working cylinder has two other openings 4, beneath the exhaust

page_text: '
.
.
openings, and diametrically opposite each other, which in conjunction with
similarly-arranged ports in the working piston, enable fresh supply of air to be
drawn in; at-the same end the working cylinder communicates at the level of the
admission apertures 4 by means of two pipes 5 with the outer end of the pump
cylinder, which is also connected by means of two pipes 6, extending from the
pumping space, with a benzine or other suitable hydrocarbon vaporiser or injector
of any well-known kind, which again is connected by the pipes 7 with the interior
of the working cylinder.
The pipes 7 are therefore in communication with the pump space by means of
the pipes 6.
The working piston 8 is provided, for the purpose of the introduction of air, with a
transverse bore 9 and also with a projecting pipe or boring 10 opening into '9, and
for the introduction of the explosive material with several ports or ways opening
into the bore 9, and on its lower part it is provided with an annular groove 12
which enables the outer air to be drawn in through the pumping-piston 13. This
latter is provided, on its side nearest the working piston with an annular groove or
conduit 14 from which lead passages 15 parallel with the axis of and extending to
the forward end of the pumping piston.
The pistons are connected to the crank axle by rods 16 and 17 which are
themselves pivotted to each other, and set in rotation the crank axle. All the
other parts belonging to the motor are constructed in a manner which is well-known,
and needs no special description.
The working of the motor above described in which the rotation takes place
from right to left, for constructive reasons, is as follows;—
After ignition the working piston makes its downstroke the pumping piston
moving forwards; when the former has almost entirely uncovered the exhaust
apertures 3 in the position shown in the drawings, the latter has already driven
about half the contents of the pumping-cylinder through the two pipes 5, and,
further, through the piston borings 9 and 10, so that the whole of the burnt gases
are enabled to escape by the central air channel also through the exhaust openings.
As the rotation proceeds from right to left, the working-piston, at its dead-point,
begins slowly to close the exhaust openings 3, while the pumping-piston moves
rapidly to the right, and brings the annular channel 14 into communication with
the mouths of the pipes 6. At this moment air is driven through the latter as well
as through the pipes 5 leading to the working-cylinder; the air from 6 takes up
or becomes saturated with benzine in the injector and passes into the pipes 7, thence
the air charged with benzine-vapour passes into the passage 9, mixes with the
air introduced through the air-pipes 5, and enters the cylinder through the
projecting-pipe 10.
When the working-piston commences its upstroke, and compresses the explosive
mixture within the cylinder-space, now completely closed, the pumping-piston
almost stops at its dead-point; and starts pumping when the working piston almost
reaches its upper dead-point. When the working piston completes the compression,
and after the ignition of the explosive mixture, commences its next stroke, the
annular channel 12, opens communication between the air admission ports 4 and
pipes 5, so that outer air is sucked into the pump.
In this position the pipes 6 and 7 and the injectors are connected to the pump in
a manner similar to that shown in Fig. 3, that is to say forming a kind of blind or
closed passage as the piston 13 closes the opening of the pipe 6 so that no benzine
can be pumped in.
As the pipes 6 are made sufficiently long compared with the pipes 7, all possibility
of explosion is thus prevented even when the openings of pipes 6 are uncovered, so
that no benzine can reach the pump cylinder therefrom; for even with an absolute
pressure in the pump of 0.75 of an atmosphere or three-fourths of the pressure of
atmospheric air the excess of the pressure of the atmosphere over that of the pump
being thus one-fourth of an atmosphere (the actual pressure in the pump cylinder
when pumping being only from one-twentieth to one-thirtieth atmosphere under

page_text: the atmospheric pressure) no benzine-vapour can enter the pump, if the pipe 6 is
greater than one-fourth of the pipo 7, while to the latter must be added an amount.
corresponding to the ascent in the pipe 6 from the nozzle of the benzine which may
be vapourised between two piston-strokes; and inasmuch as actually the length of
the pipe 6 is, say 10 times that of the pipe 7 it is evident that absolutely no
benzine-vapour cau enter the pump-cylinder.
In the motor illustrated in Fig. 5. the working and pump cylin:lers are not.
arranged to form a closed case, but are separated from one another, and connecte:
together and to the crank axle bearings 20 by bolts 18 and 19, while they are open
at the ends which are turned towards each other. The working piston 8, in this
motor is so arranged as to uncover the mouths of the air-supply pipes 5 in the
working cylinder just before the explosion, so that, the annular piston-groove 14
and the openings 4 being omitted the outer air can be sucked in.
Further the working piston 8 and its connecting-rod 16 are not connected.
directly but in a well-known manner by means of a box 21 fitted in the piston in
which the connecting-rod with its pivot-pins rests; a screwed ring 21 serving to
retain the box 21 in position.
By this arrangement, the integrity of the walls of the piston is preserved, which
is a matter of special importance in securing a tight joint between the piston and
the cylinder.
By providing an annular space 22 between the box 21 and the piston, the
latter may be cooled instead of the cylinder as is customary, and with greater
advantage.
To this end, the annular space 22 of the working piston is connected, on the one
hand- with an 'adinission-pipe 23 and on the other hand with an exhaust-pipe 23¹
both of which are moved with the piston. The upper end of the admission-pipe 23
carries a hopper-shaped vessel 24, into which projects the conduit 25 through which
cold water is continually running. The cold water flows through the annular
space 22, cools the piston and escapes by the outlet-pipe 23' into a receiver 26.
The pump-piston in order to be properly counterbalanced may receive in its.
upper hollow face any desired number of lead-plates 27 held. in place by a.
screw-nut 28..
The introduction of the explosive mixture takes place, in the motor represented
in Figure 5, not by the introduction of the air, but by means of a gas-pump and
admission-nozzles 31 as shown in Fig. 7, whereby the construction of the pumping-
piston is simplified. .
The said gas-pump, constructed in well-known manner, consists of a casing 29,
closed on one side, the interior being in communication, as by a front boring or
conduit, with the admission nozzle of the working cylinder, and by a rearward
boring 32, with a gas-holder, or an air-pipe having inserted in it a benzine-injector..
The piston 33 is provided with a boring 34, opposite the borings 30 and 32, and.
extending to the surface, and is driven by a crank-axle which may be so adjusted,.
in relation to the driving-orank, that the flow of gas into the working cylinder
occurs at the same time as or during any desired portion of, the compression period,
or immediately subsequent to the closing of the escape or outlet-conduit.
The gas-pump (Fig. 7) at the inner dead-point of its crank, forces its. gas into-
the motor. By the adjustment of this crank; in relation to the driving crank, the
gas-admission can be so regulated as to take place at any desired point of the
compression-stroke of the motor, under the sole condition that such desired point
should be sufficiently removed from the explosion-dead-point, that no burnt gas is.
able to enter the pump.
When the piston 33 moves say to the right, gas, owing to the coincidence of
the conduits 32 and 34, and by reason of the vacuum created, is sucked into...
the casing 29, compressed by the advance of the piston, and then, owing to the
coincidence or conjunction of the borings 30 and 34 is forced through the.
nozzles 31, into the working cylinder, where it mingles with the air from..
the pipes 5...

page_text: The pressure in the gas-pump is therefore somewhat greater than in the
working cylinder, so that the flow of the gas into the latter can take place
naturally.
The degree of compression can be regulated by adjusting the screw 35.
Fig. 6 shows a motor of similar construction to that of Fig. 5, combined with a
double-piston gas-pump, driven from the connecting-rods 16 and 17 by means of the
linked-levers 36-41, and comprises a casing 29 with two pistons 33 (with bore
hole 34) and 42 working within it.
The manner of working this double-piston gas-pump is as follows;-
At the time, just before the dead-point is reached, when communication
commences between the pump and explosion spaces, tho gas in the pump has a
tension or pressure somewhat in excess of that in the working cylinder; the
position of the piston in the gas-pump is, at the same time, about the same as that
shown in Fig. 8.
At this position the piston 33 begins to open up communication between its own
passage 34 and the casing boring or conduit 30; and while, at this instant the
piston 33 is almost motionless, the piston 42 (which has only a short stroke) travels
to the right, and forces the gas through nozzles 31 into the working cylinder.
By the time this admission of gas is completed, the working piston has also
reached its dead-point, and the two pistons 33 and 42, while remaining an equal.
distance apart, travel a little further to the right, so that the passage 30 is cut off,
and at this moment ignition takes place. The two pistons 33 and 42 then separate
rapidly, whereupon the admission of gas ensues.
The movement of the two gas-pump pistons may of course be effected by cranks
as shown in diagram-form in Figs. 9 and 10 or in other convenient manner. The
position in Fig. 9 corresponds to the suction-period, that in Fig. 10 to the gas-
admission period.
The piston 42 may be provided with a transverse boring for the purpose of the
introduction of gas or benzine-charged air into the pump without the aid of a
vacuum; for this purpose, the pump-case is provided with three ports 44, 45
and 46, which connect, by means of the conduit 43, and a pipe 47, the pump with
the outer air. When the piston 42 moves back its opening 43 coincides for a
moment with 44 & 45, so that a little air is introduced into the vacuum space.
By corresponding movements of the two pistons 33 and 42, in relation to the
working piston, the period of gas-admission into the explosion chamber can be
regulated at will. Thereby it becomes possible, with an uncooled cylinder and a
readily igniting explosive mixture, to secure the right moment of the admission, at
which no explosion takes place, until just before the dead-point is attained.
By means of a suitable modified construction of the various parts of the
apparatus, a much higher compression may be brought into action, than in the
motors now in use, which is advantageous for·rapid and precise explosions.
Further advantages of the pump above described are that it requires no
distribution parts; that its inner chamber, at the moment of ignition is completely
shut off from the explosion chamber; and that no superfluous gas or burnt gases
remain in the pump and require blowing out, prior to a fresh supply of gas being
introduced..
This is of considerable importance; if, for example, the pump chamber and the
explosion-chamber were in communication at the moment of ignition, there would
occur, each time, a back-rush into the pump of a high-pressure heated explosive
gas, where it would mix with the previous mixture of gas; in order to supply
fresh gas to the pump, either the mixed gases then in the pump must be drawn off
and allowed to escape, or the compression of the gae would have to be made
stronger than the pressure produced by the explosion in the working cylinder.
All these evils are avoided by the double-piston pump, wherein also throttled
gas or benzine-charged air can be introduced, which cannot be done with the
single-piston pump.
Figs. 11 and 12 show in diagrammatic form two motors, wherein the introduction

page_text: of air into the working cylinder is not effected by means of a perforated or bored
piston, but directly, and the suction of air as well as its compression in the working
chamber, takes place wholly through the short pipe 5.
Fig. 12 shows a double piston motor whereof the pump-piston 13 ascends at the
inner dead-point position of the working piston 8, and draws or sucks in fresh air
through the conduit 5, while the compound piston 13' at this juncture is at the
top of its stroke, and by its subsequent descent drives out the burnt gases through
the passage 5 and the piston groove 12.
At the outer dead-point of the two working pistons, the pump-piston 13 descends
and forces air into the working chamber, through the same pipe 5 through which
the previous suction took place; the compound piston 13', during its next ascent
allows the explosive mixture, which is now confined between the pistons 8, at their
maximum distance apart, to be compressed and forced against it through the same
passage or conduit 5', through which it had previously expelled the burnt gases,
after explosion, at the inner dend-point.
In order to obtain the most useful effect, the piston 13 must receive the pressure
impulse before the piston 13 drives the fresh air into the working cylinder, i.e. the
compound piston 131 must lead the pumping piston 13.
Fig. 13 represents a motor in which the pump and motor cylinder are in one
casting and the connection 5 is simply an opening in the partition.
It must be remembered that the combustion products are pumped up by the
pump piston and gas as well as air, follows. During the upward movement of
the pump piston the pumping up of combustion gases is effected through the
opening 5, and fresh air flows in after them through said opening, the gas flowing
in through the nozzles as shown in the drawing. Thus the charge is introduced
into the cylinder through the pump. The port 5 serves for drawing in air.
The connecting rod 16', hinged to the connecting rod 16 of the driving piston 8,
moves by means of a balance beam 17' and the coupling rod 17, the pump piston.
in the same manner as if it were directly driven by a crank placed at an angle
of 90°.
Figure 14 shows an oscillating motor.
The pump and motor cylinders are'in one casting pivotted upon the pin 1. The
driving piston 8 is cast in one piece with the I shaped connecting rod 16, and
slides on one side in the cylinder 1 and on the other side rotates upon the crank
shaft 20', being at the same time protected against turning over and bending by
the acceleration of the masses by two U-shaped bars 1".
Each part of the motor and pump-cylinder swings in a vertical plane in the
same manner as if it were moved by a crank placed at an angle of 90° relatively
to the crank shaft 20¹.
The pump piston 13 which is hinged by means of the connecting rod 17 to the
fixed arm 17 of the standard of the engine acts in such a manner as if it were
driven by a crank placed at an angle of 90° relatively to the crank shaft.
The engine works from left to right.
Before the outer dead point of the driving piston is reached, the two cylinders 1
and 2 move downwards so that the pump piston pumps out the burnt gases through
the holes 5, 9 and 10: fresh air follows through openings 4, as soon as the pressure
in the motor cylinder falls below that of the atmosphere.
When the driving piston is at its outer dead point, a suitable device operated
by the oscillation of the cylinders begins to open the gas valve, and during the
time that 4, 5 and 9 remain closed, therefore from the outer-dead-point position
of the driving piston until an angle of 45° of the crank under the horizontal is
attained, air is sucked through 4 and simultaneously a mixture of air and gas is
sucked in through the gas valve, as well as through the adjoining air admission
openings, (as in Fig. 15).
When in the position of an angle of 40° under the horizontal the gas valve is
closed and remains in this position during the backward oscillation.
B

page_text: At the inner dead-point position 'and during the last part of the compression the
explosion and first part of the expansion takes place, the pump piston forces out
the burnt gases through 5 and through the piston recess 91, into the passage 9" or
into a discharge pipe connected with the latter.
In Figure 15 is represented an explosion motor which works in exactly similar
manner to the motor shown in Figure 13, but is provided with a distributing pump
piston for the purpose of adinitting air prior to the admission of the explosive
charge. This machine also pumps up the combustion 'products.
When at its highest position the driving piston 8 closes the ports 5 and 5' at
the top and places them in communication with the working space (so that the
combustion products and afterwards gas and air can be pumped by the pump
piston), the pump piston is in the middle of its stroke and is at its maximum speed
aud during the outward novemment pumps up the burnt gas through the passage 5,
'consequently pure air flows through the opening 5 and the passage 5³ to
renioves the combustion residues, being driven downwards by the deflector 8¹.
Pure mixture of gas and air is now pumped up froin the mixing device 5* through
the passage in the pump piston opening 5 and the passage 5 through 5', and is,
like the pure air, also forced downward by the deflector 8.
and
When the pistou has nearly finished pumping, then, if the right edge of the
port 5 is suitably arranged and a 'corresponding recess 'mado in the wall of the
pump cylinder additional air may be pumped through 5 to force the burnt.gases
still remaining in the space in front of 5', into 'the motor cylinder.
When the pump piston returns, and at the lowest position of the driving piston,
no action takes place either on the air or on the benzine-charged air but the pump
piston forces 'the previously pumped up, burnt gases through the opening 5-which
is uncovered when the driving piston is in its lowest position in small motors
into the atinosphere and in large ones into a groove or passage in the motor
cylinder and through the latter into an exhaust pipe similar to the groove 12
shown in Figure 2.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the saine is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. An explosion engine in which distribution of the gas mixture is effected by
the working and pump-pistous, characterised by the working or motor piston
uncovering openings such as 4, during the latter part of its up-stroke as well as
during the first part of its down-stroke, said openings being in communication with
the pump so that when the driving piston is in its outer position, 'the pump-piston
which is at an angle of 90° relatively to the former may pump air into the pump-
cylinder, whereas at the opposite position of the driving piston, that is during the
last portion of its downward stroke either only air is 'forced into the motor cylinder
for the purpose of ejecting the burnt gas-in cases where the driving medium is
introduced by a second pump-or at first air for the purpose of ejecting the burnt
gases and then the gas mixture is admitted.
2. A modified construction of the engine claimed in 'Claim 1, in which 'the pump
'piston 13 at first forces air into the 'motor cylinder, through the connection 5,
during the time the ports '4 arranged on the side of the cylinder remain uncovered
and then forces air through ports 14, '15 in the pump piston and through pipes 6
into the working space, the said air becoming mixed with the explosive substance
substantially as shown'and' described with reference to 'Figures 1 to 4.
8. A two stroke 'motor engine of the character described in 'Claim 1, in which
'the' openings uncovered by one driving piston in the latter part of its upward-
stroke are used for the admission of air, the openings uncovered 'by 'the other
driving piston serving as exhaust passages substantially as described with référence
'ti 'Figure 11.
4. A modified construction of the engine claimed in Claim 1, in which the burnt

page_text: gases pass into a second cylinder, the driving piston of which moves in a direction
opposite to that of the primp piston substantially as described with reference to
Figure 12.
5. A modification of the engine described with reference to Claim 3 in which
the burnt gases pass from the compound cylinder into the atmosphere through a
groove made in the piston substantially as described with reference to Figure 12.
6. An engine as claimed in Claim 1, in which the air pump effects the removal
of the burnt gases and indirectly the pumping in of the air and air gas mixture
into the motor cylinder substantially as shown and described with reference to
Figure 13..
7. An engine as claimed in Claim 6, in which the pump-piston 13 acts as a
piston valve and when removing the burnt gases admits at first only pure air
through a passage 5 and afterwards admits an explosive mixture through another
passage 57 into the motor cylinder substantially as shown and described with
reference to Figure 15.
8. A modified construction of the engine as claimed in Claim 1, in which the
part forming the motor- and the pump-cylinders is so arranged that it may
oscillate, so that instead of a pump-crank placed at an angle of 90° a fixed arm 17"
may be employed, to which is hinged the pump-piston 13 substantially as shown
and described with reference to Figure 14.
9. A modified construction of the engine as claimed in Claim 6, in which for the
purpose of obtaining the highest possible number of revolutions the connection
between the two cylinders is effected by an opening 5 made in the partition between
them and the connection of the motor-cylinder and pump-cylinder is effected by
means of a beam 17' between the pump connecting rod 16 and pump-piston 13
substantially as shown and described with reference to Figure 13.
10. In a motor, such as claimed in Claim 1, for the purpose of admitting gas or
benzine charged air into the working space of the cylinder: a double piston
gas pump without gas distributing mechanism, characterised by two pistons (33, 42)
guided in a casing (29), one of which (33) admits gas or benzine-charged air into
the casing through a passage (34), extending from the wall to the front surface,
and the other piston (42) forces the explosive substance into the motor cylinder (1)
through the passage (34) when the piston (33) is almost stationary, and afterwards
moves with the piston (33) for the purpose of shutting off the pump space from the
working space, (keeping the same distance apart and both travelling in the same
direction) and then moves away from the piston 33, or for the purpose of producing
vacuum-less pumping of gas or benzine-charged air through corresponding
holes (43, 44, 46) substantially as described.
Dated this 13th day of August 1896.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.