Improvements in Obtaining Chlorine and in Reconverting and Utilising Bye Products of the Processes.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 16th Oct., 1889-Accepted, 16th Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Obtaining Chlorine and in Reconverting and
Utilising Bye Products of the Processes.
We, ROBERT HOWISON STEEDMAN, of Holly Villa, Dalmuir, in the County of
Dumbarton, North Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, and ANDREW JACKSON
KIRKPATRICK, of 179 West George Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the naturo of this Invention to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to improve the processos connected with the
obtainment of chlorine, and to diminish the cost and the waste of material
accompanying the ordinary processes.
When chlorine is obtained, as largely practised, by acting with Weldon mud on
hydrochloric acid evolved from common salt by sulphuric acid, a considerable part of
the chlorine of the salt is lost by combining with lime which is associated with the
peroxide of manganese in the Weldon mud. The present Invention is designed partly,
to avoid such loss and to obtain as nearly as possible the whole of the chlorine of the
salt; and also to reconvert the manganese so that it can be repeatedly reused.
In carrying out this Invention suitable proportions of common salt, manganese
peroxide, and sulphuric acid (of full commercial strength) are mixed together and
are furnaced in suitable apparatus, such a temperature being used as to decompose
the materials and separate chlorine, whilst forming sulphate or bisulphate of soda and
sulphate of manganese. These sulphates may be further furnaced with an additional
quantity of salt.
In treating the sulphates obtained by the furnacing operation, according to one
inodification, they are dissolved in water, and, after any free acid has been neutralised,
magnesium carbonate, either natural or artificial is added, preferably in the state
of a thin cream; and the mixture is heated to boiling under either a low or
high pressure. The manganese is precipitated as carbonate, the magnesium going
into solution as sulphate. The solution is separated from the manganese carbonato,
and, consisting of sulphate of magnesium and sulphate of sodium in water, may be
evaporated so that the sulphate of sodium will crystallisc, the crystallisation being
promoted by artificial cooling if found desirable, whilst the sulphate of magnesium
may be mixed with chloride of sodium or of potassium and heater, hydrochloric acid
being evolved, leaving sulphate of the alkali in solution, and magnesia being
precipitated.
According to another modification ammonium carbonate is added to the neutralised
solution of sulphate of sodium and sulphate of manganese, and causes the precipitation
of carbonate of manganese leaving a solution of sulphate of sodium and sulphate of
ammonium. The solution is evaporated to dryness and heated in suitable apparatus,
carbonic acid from any convenient source and steam being at the same time passed
through it. Ammonia is evolved and on cooling combines with the carbonic acid
forming carbonate of ammonium suitable for again precipitating manganese. Sodium
bisulphate is left and may be again used to mix with salt and manganese peroxide for
evolving chlorine; or it may be furnaced with salt to produce hydrochloric acid and
sulphate of sodium.
According to another modification the ammonia may be recovered by treating the
solution of sulphate of sodium and sulphate of ammonium with magnesium carbonate
either natural or artificial, and heating in a suitablo vessel. Carbonate of ammonium
is evolved leaving sulphate of magnesium in solution which may be treated as
hereinbefore described.

page_text: The manganese carbonate obtained as herein betore described is separated by settling
or filtration and is dried and calcined in a well known way to produce manganese
peroxide suitable for reuse.
Chloride of potassium may be used instead of common salt as the source of the
chlorine in carrying out the present Invention.
Dated this Sixteenth day of January 1889.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicants' Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Obtaining Chlorine and in Reconverting and
Utilising Bye Products of the Processes.
We, ROBERT HOWISON STEEDMAN, of Holly Villa, Dalmuir, in the County of
Dumbarton, North Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, and ANDREW JACKSON
KIRKPATRICK, of 179 West George Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, that is to say:—
This Invention has for its object to improve the processos connected with the
obtainment of chlorine, and to diminish the cost, and the waste of material
accompanying the ordinary processes.
When chlorine is obtained as largely practised, by acting with Weldon mud on
bydrochloric acid evolved from common salt by sulphuric acid, a considerable part of
the chlorine of the salt is lost by combining with lime which is associated with the
peroxide of manganese in the Weldon mud. The present Invention is designed,
partly, to avoid such loss and to obtain as nearly as possible, the whole of the
chlorine of the salt; and also to reconvert the manganeso so that it can be repeatedly
reused.
In carrying out this Invention suitable proportions of common salt, manganese
peroxide, and sulphuric acid, (of full commercial strength) are mixed together and
are furnaced in any suitable known apparatus, such a temperature being used as to
decompose the materials and separate chlorine whilst forming sulphate or bisulphate
of soda and sulphate of manganese. When bisulphates are formed they may be
further furnaced with an additional quantity of salt.
In treating the sulphates obtained by the furnacing oporation according to one
modification, they are dissolved in water, and, after any free acid has been neutralised,
magnesium carbonate, either natural or artificial is added, preferably in the state of
a thin cream; and the mixture is heated to boiling under either a low or high
pressure. The manganese is precipitated as carbonate, the magnesium going into
solution as sulphate. The solution is separated from the manganeso carbonate, and,
consisting of sulphate of magnesium and sulphate of sodium in water, may be
evaporated so that the sulphate of sodium will crystallise, the crystallisation being
promoted by artificial cooling if found desirable, whilst the sulphato of magnesium
may be treated as described in the Complete Specification relative to Letters Patont
No. 18921 of 1888.
According to another modification ammonium carbonate is added to the neutralised
solution of sulphate of sodium and sulphate of manganese, and causes the precipitation
of carbonate of manganese, leaving a solution of sulphate of sodium and sulphate of
ammonium. The solution is evaporated to dryness and heated in suitable apparatus,
carbonic acid from any convenient source and steam being at the same time passed
through it. Ammonia is evolved and on cooling combines with the carbonic acid
forming carbonate of ammonium suitable for again precipitating manganese. Sodium
bisulphate is left and may ho again used to inix with salt and manganese peroxide for
evolving chlorine; or it may be furnaced with salt to produce hydrochloric acid and
sulphate of sodium.

page_text: According to another modification the ammonia may be recovered by treating the
solution of sulphate of sodium an sulphate of ammonium with magnesium carbonate
either natural or artificial, and heating in a suitable vessel. Carbonate of ammonium
is evolved leaving sulphate of magnesium and sulphate of sodium in solution which
may be treated as hereinhefore described.
The manganese carbonate obtained as hereinbefore described is separated by
settling or filtration and is dried and calcined in a well known way to produce
manganese peroxide suitable for reuse.
Chloride of potassium may be used instead of common salt as the source of the
chlorine in carrying out the present Invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1-The improved combination of processes for obtaining chlorine, in which
processes sulphates produced by furnacing chloride of sodium or of potassium with
peroxide of manganese and sulphuric acid are, in solution, heated with carbonate of
magnesium, the carbonate of manganese formed being separated and furnaced to
form peroxide, and the sulphate of sodium or of potassium being separated by
crystallisation, leaving the sulphate of magnesium, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2-The modified combination of procosses in which the sulphates are in solution
treated with carbonate of ammonium, the solution after separating the carbonate of
manganese formed being evaporated to dryness and furnaced and at the same time
treated with carbonic acid and steam so as to yield carbonate of ammonium and
bisulphate of sodium or of potassium, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3 The modified combination of processes in which sulphate of sodium or of
potassium and sulphate of ammonium are in solution heated with carbonate of
magnesium, yielding carbonate of ammonium, and sulphates of sodium or of potassium
and of magnesium, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this Fifteenth day of October 1889.
EDMUND DUNI,
Applicants' Agent.