Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Metallic Pigments or Compounds, and in the Production of Lead Pigments or Compounds by Means of such Apparatus.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 6th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 10th Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Metallic Pigments
or Compounds, and in the Production of Lead Pigments or
Compounds by Means of such Apparatus.
I, ANDREW CHARLES JOSEPH CHARLIER, of No. 136 Holm Street, Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, Añalytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the process and apparatus for the manufacture of lead
pigment described in the Specification to Hanuay's Patent No. 1282 of 1889,
whereby lead ore containing sulphur was volatilised in a chamber in which
combustible gas was at the same time produced, the resulting mixture of gases
and lead fumes being then burnt by the admission of air in an oxidising chamber.
The said volatilising chamber was in open communication through the oxidizing
chamber with the condensers in which the oxidised lead fumes were condensed, so that
on first starting the apparatus as well as in adding fresh fuel from time to time, the
impurities resulting from the combustion of fuel in the volatilizing chamber passed
into the oxydising chamber and thence into the condensers and deteriorated the
lead product therein.
According to one of my present improvements, I prevent such deterioration by
separating the producer furnace or volatilizing chamber from the oxydising
chamber by means of a damper closing the communication between them and also
providing such producer furnace, as and when required, with a separate chimney
flue, also provided with a damper, so that when the apparatus is first started or
fresh fuel is added, the communication between the producer furnace and the
oxidizing chamber is closed by means of the damper, and the damper to the furnace
chimney flue is opened so that the combustion gases from the furnace will escape
through the latter.
After the furnace has thus been fairly started, or renewed and made ready for
use, the chimney flue damper is closed, and the damper of the opening leading to
the oxidizing chamber is lifted or opened and the process of manufacture then
proceeds.
According to another improvement, I introduce jets of steam superheated or
otherwise, among the fumes as they pass from the producer furnace into the
oxidizing chamber, by means of which I prevent discoloration of the resulting
product and the formation of slag in the oxidizing chamber.
Instead of constructing the chamber of the producer furnace of a square or
rectangular section on plan, I construct the same more or less in an eliptical form,
as it has been found in practice that the materials do not get properly fed into the
corners of the rectangular section, resulting in a waste of fuel at those points.
Instead of or in addition to supplying the air to the oxidizing chamber from
branches on the pipes leading the air supply to the producer furnace, I lead separate
branches from the main air trunk to the oxidising chamber, whereby the air is
made to enter the latter at an increased pressure.
Dated this 6th day of April 1893.
ABEL & IMKAI,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Metallic Pigments
or Compounds, and in the Production of Lead Pigments or
Compounds by Means of such Apparatus.
I, ANDREW Charles Joseph CHARLIER, of No. 136 Holm Street, Glasgow
in the County of Lanark, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to the process and apparatus for the production of
sulphate of lead pigment described in the Specification to Hannay's Patent No. 1282
of 1889 whereby lead ore containing sulphur was volatilised in a chamber in which
combustible gas was at the same time produced, the resulting mixture of gases and
lead fumes being then burnt by the admission of air in an oxidising chamber.
The said volatilizing chamber was in open communication through the oxidizing
chamber with the condensers in which the oxidised lead fumes were condensed so
that on first starting the apparatus, as well as in adding fresh fuel from time to
time, the impurities resulting from the combustion of fuel in the volatilizing:
chamber passed into the oxidising chamber and thence into the condensers and
deteriorated the lead product therein.
According to one of my present improvements I prevent such deterioration by
separating the producer furnace or volatilizing chamber from the oxidizing chamber
by means of a damper closing the communication between them and also providing
such producer furnace as and when required with a separate chimney flue also
provided with a damper so that when the apparatus is first started and fresh fuel is
added, the communication between the producer furnace and the oxidizing chamber
is closed by means of the damper, and the damper to the furnace chimney flue
is opened so that the combustion gases from the furnace will escape through the´
latter.
After the furnace has thus been fairly started, or renewed and made ready for
use, the chimney flue damper (when applied) is closed and the damper of the opening
leading to the oxidising chamber is lifted or opened and the process of manufacture
can then proceed.
According to another improvement I introduce jets of steam superheated or
otherwise, among the fumes as they pass from the producer furnace into the
oxidizing chamber, by means of which I prevent discoloration of the resulting
product and the formation of slag in the oxidising chamber.
Instead of constructing the chamber of the producer furnace of a square or
rectangular section in plan, I construct the same more or less in an elliptical form,
as it has been found in practice that the materials do not get properly fed into the
corners of the rectangular section resulting in a waste of fuel at those points.
Instead of or in addition to supplying the air to the oxidizing chamber from
branches on the pipes leading the air supply to the producer furnace, I lead
separate branches from the main air trunk to the oxidizing chamber whereby the
air is made to enter the latter at an increased pressure.
The said improved construction of furnace is shewn on the accompanying
drawings, in which
Fig. 1 shews a longitudinal section of that part of the apparatus to which the
present improvements relate.
Fig. 2 shews a sectional plan, and Fig. 3 shews a cross section through the
volatilizing producer furnace."
A is the volatilizing producer furnace which is charged with the necessary fuel
through the door a and into which (also through the door a) the mixture of galena,
or other lead ore containing sulphur, is then introduced. B is the oxidising

page_text: chamber and C is the vertical flue leading to the condensing apparatus which is
of the same construction as before, and consequently need not be further described.
D is the main air supply pipe, from which branches D₁ lead to the tuyeres E' in the
volatilizing furnace, while other branches D' lead to the tuyeres E' in the entrance
to the oxidising chamber.
The volatilizing furnace A instead of being made rectangular in plan, is made of
approximately elliptical section as shown at Fig. 2, for the purpose above stated; it
communicates by a narrow part A' with the oxidizing chamber B, and on the outer
side of this passage is provided a damper F by means of which the communication
between the volatilizing furnace and the oxidising chamber can be closed. The
furnace A is preferably made to communicate by a flue G provided with a
damper G', with a chimney flue G³, so that on starting the furnace or on renewing
the supply of fuel, the furnace A can be cut off from the oxidising chamber B by
closing the damper F, and be made to communicate with the chimney flue G2 by
opening the damper G¹.
When the apparatus is working the positions of the dampers F and G¹ are
reversed.
In front of the opening of the passage A' leading into the chamber B are
arranged steam nozzles H H supplied with steam from any convenient generator
by a pipe H' or otherwise. The steam issuing from these nozzles in coming into
intimate contact with the burning mixture of air, combustible gases and lead fumes
issuing from the passage A' in the chamber B, becomes decomposed and acts upon
the lead compounds so as to prevent the discoloration of the resulting product, and
also so as to prevent the formation of slag from the combustion taking place in
the chamber B. If desired the steam supply may be superheated in which case
the pipe H' may conveniently be formed into a coil in the chamber B, so as to be
heated by the combustion taking place therein.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In apparatus for the manufacture of metallic and lead pigments or compounds,
providing a damper for closing the communication between the volatilising
furnace and the oxidising chamber for preventing the passage of impurities
resulting from the combustion of freshly charged fuel from the volatilising furnace
into the oxidising chamber B and into the condensing apparatus, substantially as
described.
2. The use in combination with the volatilizing furnace A and the oxidising
chamber B, of steam jets for acting upon the lead fumes so as to prevent the
discoloration of the product and the formation of slag substantially as described.
3. In the manufacture of pigments from lead ores containing sulphur by
volatilising the lead sulphide and effecting its combustion with air, the method of
acting upon the burning fumes with steam for preventing the discoloration of the
resulting lead product.
Dated this 6th day of January 1894.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.