Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Jan., 1898-Accepted, 19th Mar.,
1898
We, PETER FORBES BRYCE and ALEXANDER FERGUSSON BRYCE, both of 24 North
Lincoln Street, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, United States of America,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of our invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to a bread-making machine in which a piece of dough is
first reduced to substantially the desired length, width, and thickness, and
afterwards rolled, compressed or formed by means of operating mechanisms into
cylindrical shape.
The object of our invention is to provide a simple, economical and efficient
machine for forming a piece of dough into a substantially cylindrical shape; and
the invention consists in the features, combinations and details of construction
hereinafter described and claimed.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of one form of
machine in which our invention may be embodied; Fig. 2 a vertical sectional
elevation showing the operating mechanisms taken just inside of the case; Figs. 3
and 4 are similar views of the lower portion of the machine, showing it in its
different positions; Fig. 5 a front elevation of the lower portion of the machine;
Fig. 6 a sectional elevation, taken on line 6 of Fig. 2; and Fig. 7 a perspective
view of one of the rolls of dough after it has been formed.
In the art to which this invention relates, it is well known that the round or
cylindrical-shaped rolls of bread have been formed in part or altogether by hand,
making it necessarily a laborious and expensive process. The principal object of
our invention, therefore, is to provide means for first reducing the dough required
for a single loaf of bread to the desired length, width and thickness, and next to
provide means, as hereinafter described, to form the web or reduced dough into a
round roll or cylindrical-shaped loaf.
In constructing a machine in accordance with our improvements, we make a
frame portion A, of the desired shape and size and adapted to support, contain and
incase the operative mechanisms. In order to reduce the dough to the desired
length, width and thickness, we prefer to provide a set of four pairs of reducing rolls B
and B¹ that reduce the roll in a step by step manner from the rough lump of dough
to a web, substantially as shown in dotted outline in Fig. 2. These reducing
rolls are made of a desired diameter, arranged a desired distance apart, and given
the correct speed in order to facilitate the passage and reducing of the dough
between the same.
In order to form the web or sheet of dough into a roll of bread, as shown in
Fig. 7, we provide a forming belt C, and mount it upon three pulleys c, c', and c²,
the axis of the pulley c being practically stationary. Fig. 3 shows the belt with its
supporting guiding pulleys in their first position-that is, in such position for the
dough to contact the same. The dough contacts the belt-as shown in this figure-

page_text: and passes into the space c³, which space is made and formed by two idler rolls C₁
arranged at each lateral edge of the belt-as shown particularly in Fig. 6-and
which are arranged such a distance apart as to provide the desired length for a
loaf of bread, and of such diameter as to provide the correct diameter of the roll of
bread. These idler rolls are mounted upon pivotal arms c, so that they may easily
move into or out of position by their own weight. As the web or sheet of dough is
fed into this space c³, it is desirable that such space be closed, so as to compress
the dough after it enters such recess and form it, by means of such belt, into the
desired cylindrical shape. In order to accomplish this result, the roll c' is mounted
upon a vibrating or pivoted lever arm D, which lever arm has an arm d extending
therefrom carrying a roll d¹, which enters a recess e of a cam E--the recess of the
rotating cam being so shaped as to vibrate the lever D with its movable roll into
the positions shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4. After the required amount of dough has
been fed into the space c³, the cam E rotates and moves the vibrating lever D,
with its roll or pulley, into the position shown in Fig. 2. At the same time the
shaft e', upon which the cam is mounted, rotates and operates an eccentric E¹, so as
to push down the sliding journal e² of the roll c² and stretch the compressing belt
in such manner as to take up all the slack and furnish sufficient pressure. to finish-
the compressing and forming of the roll of dough.
I,
In order to drive the reducing rolls and operate the same, the rolls are provided
with a train of intermeshing gears G, which train is driven from a common shaft
operated by means of the driving pulley G₁, the belt g¹ of which is led to any
desired source of motive power. The cam shaft is provided with a sprocket H and
one of the roll shafts provided with a sprocket H¹, around both of which is passed
a sprocket chain h for the purpose of furnishing desired power, speed and motion
to the cam shaft.
In order to feed lumps of dough to make a roll of bread into the reducing rolls
at the desired times, we prefer to provide the upper part of the machine with trap
doors I, which are mounted upon rock shafts I¹, the doors being arranged above
and in line with the first pair of reducing rolls. The rock shafts are provided with
bell cranks i, the bell cranks being connected with a vibrating trip lever arm i²
by means of a link 13. The cam E is provided with a projection 12 arranged so as
to contact the trip lever once in its rotation, lift the same, vibrate the bell crank
levers and open the trap doors, so as to allow the lump of dough to drop in and be
contacted by the first set of reducing rolls.
In operation, the machine is started and a lump of dough placed on the trap
doors. During the course of operation the trap doors are automatically opened,
permitting the dough to drop in and engage with the first set of reducing rolls,
which reduce it partially and feed it on to the second set of rolls, where it is further
reduced and passed to the third set of rolls where it is further reduced, then passed
to the last set of rolls, where it is reduced to the desired length, width and
thickness. The dough next contacts the forming belt, when it is in the position
shown in Fig. 3, and passes into the space forming first a hollow cylinder-being
compelled to be further rolled in such space so as to form a spiral shape, as shown
in Fig. 7. When all of the dough has been fed into such space, the cam heretofore
described operates the parts and moves them to the position shown in Fig. 2, so
that the continued movement of the forming belt forces the roll of dough into a
still smaller space. The movements of the belt roll c² downwardly stretches the
belt and acts to still further compress the roll of dough into a diameter equal to the
idler rolls C¹. As the rotation of the operating cam continues, the vibrating roll c¹,
with the forming belt, is moved into the position shown in Fig. 4, and the roll of
dough delivered from such belt at the point indicated by the arrow in such figure.
The parts are then returned to the position shown in Fig. 3 to receive the next
sheet or web of dough, and the operations continued over and over as long as dough
is fed into the machine and the parts kept in motion.
+
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said

page_text: invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. In a bread-making machine, the combination of a set of rolls for reducing a
piece of dough to a sheet and web of a desired width and thickness, and means for
receiving the dough and forming it into a substantially cylindrical shape,
substantially as described.
2. In a bread-making machine, a movable belt arranged to form a piece of dough
into a substantially cylindrical shape, substantially as described.
3. In a bread-making machine, the combination of a movable belt, a set of rolls
or pulleys.upon which such belt is mounted and moved, and means for operating
one or more of the pulleys and moving them in connection with the belt so as to
form a space in which a piece of dough may be formed rolled into a cylindrical
shape, substantially as described.
4. In a bread-making machine, the combination of a movable belt, a pulley the
axis of which is relatively fixed for supporting and holding one portion of the belt,
a second pulley arranged to be vibrated to and from the relatively fixed pulley and
adapted to control another portion of the belt, a third pulley arranged to be given a
substantially rectilinear motion for the purpose of stretching or compressing the dough,
and an idler pulley or pulleys contacting the upper surface of the belt adjacent to and
between the fixed and vibrating pulleys so as to compel such belt to form a space
in which it may receive a piece of dough and form it into a substantially cylindrical
shape, substantially as described.
5. In a bread-making machine, the combination of a movable forming belt, a
pulley having its axis relatively fixed for guiding and supporting such belt in a
portion of its path of motion, a second roll or pulley vibratingly mounted for
supporting and operating another portion of such belt, a cam and shaft for vibrating
the last named pulley, a third pulley or roll having a reciprocating motion to take
up the slack and act as a compressor on such belt, eccentric mechanism upon the
cam shaft adapted to rotate in common with such cam and impart a reciprocating
motion to the third named pulley, and a pair of idler rolls vibratingly mounted
adjacent to and between the fixed and vibrating pulleys so as to contact the forming
belt at each of its lateral edges to compel such belt to form a space in which a
"piece of dough may be received and formed into a substantially cylindrical shape,
substantially as described.
6. In a bread-making machine, the combination of a forming belt, means for
guiding such belt and compelling it to form a space in which a piece of dough may
be rolled into a cylindrical shape and alternately operate such belt or a portion of
it to discharge the formed piece of dough, substantially as described.
7. In a bread-making machine, the combination of a set of reducing rolls
arranged in a substantially vertical plane one above the other, a forming belt
arranged underneath such set of rolls and adapted to receive the sheet of dough and
form it into a substantially cylindrical shape, a trap door or doors arranged above
the rolls adapted to receive and hold a piece of dough, and means connected with a
movable part of the machine for opening such doors to allow the piece of dough to
drop into the reducing rolls at certain predetermined times, substantially as
described.
8. In a bread-making machine, the combination of a set of reducing rolls for
reducing a piece of dough into a sheet of the desired length, width, and
thickness, a movable forming belt, rolls or pulleys upon which such forming
belt is moved and mounted to compel it to assume the desired shapes to
receive the sheet of dough, form it into a cylindrical shape and discharge it
therefrom, cam mechanism for operating the rolls or pulleys upon which the belt
is moved and mounted to operate and move such rolls and compel the belt to
assume its desired shapes, a trap door or doors arranged adjacent to the first pair of
rolls and adapted to hold a piece of dough and drop it into such rolls at
determined times, rock shafts upon which such doors are mounted, and mechanism
pre-

page_text: interposed between such rock shafts and the cam mechanism and arranged to be
contacted by a projection or. tappet on the cam and operate such doors to open
them at the desired times, substantially as described.
Dated this 18th day of January 1898.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.