IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR SPINNING
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hetherington, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS FOR SPINNING."
Sealed the 5th August 1862, and dated the 11th February 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hetherington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
February 1862.
I, JOHN HETHERINGTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR SPINNING," to be as follows:-
My Invention refers, firstly, to the scutcher, and consists in fluting or
corrugating the edges of the blades thereof.
Secondly, to the carding engine, one improvement in which consists in
working the doffer comb by two excentrics, and I construct this part of the
apparatus by casting one of such excentrics upon the shaft.
Another improvement in the carding engine relates to those arrangements
in which hinged tops or flats are employed, and consists in mounting them
together with the adjustments for "healing," in one fixing so that the whole
may be moved bodily.
Thirdly, to the drawing frame, and consists in the application of two
trumpets through which the silver is caused to pass, one of them being

page_text: employed for the stop motion. Also in the drawing frame I construct the
part which carries the lever of the stop motion so that it shall bear the
trumpet thereof in an elevated position when the sliver is be adjusted.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Hetherington in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th August 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HETHERINGTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Hetherington, Her special license that I, the said John Hether-
ington, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Hetherington, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
FOR SPINNING," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said John
Hetherington, by an instrument in writing, under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Hetherington, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
My Invention refers, firstly to the scutcher, and consists in fluting or
corrugating the edges of the blades thereof. This part of my improvements
is shewn at Fig. 1, which represents in cross section that portion of the
scutcher to which my Invention refers. The blades of the beater are shewn
at a, on each side of which there are grooves or flutings.

page_text: Secondly, my Invention refers to the carding engine, one improvement in
which consists in working the doffer comb by two excentrics, and I construct this
part of the apparatus by casting one of such excentrics upon the shaft. This
improvement is shewn at Fig. 2 and 3, in which a is a shaft deriving rotatory
motion from the pulley b, on the shaft a are two excentrics c, d, the former
of which is made as a separate part and is confined between the bearing e
and a plate ffixed to the shaft a. The other excentric d is cast upon the
shaft, and the strap after having been slipped on is confined between a boss g
and the pulley b. The rods proceeding to the doffer comb are shewn at h.
Another improvement in the carding engine relates to those arrangements
in which hinged tops or flats are employed, and consists in mounting them
together with the adjustments for "healing" in one fixing, so that the whole
may be moved bodily. This part of my Invention is shewn at Figs. 4, 5, and
6. The "bend" of the carding engine is at a to which are adapted bolts b
passing through slots in the brackets c which brackets are therefore capable of
being raised or lowered, and of being fastened in any desired position by the
nuts d. The flats are at e, mounted upon centre pins f, which are carried
by the brackets c, and upon these centres therefore they may be turned over
as is well understood. Upon the brackets c are arms 9 provided with pins h
constituting stops for determining the "healing" of the flats. It will be
seen that by this arrangement the brackets c when raised or lowered will
carry with them the pins h, and consequently that when the correct "healing"
has once been obtained it will remain so for all elevations of the flats.
Thirdly, my improvements relate to the drawing frame, one part thereof
consisting in the application of two trumpets through which the sliver is
caused to pass, one of such trumpets being employed for the stop motion.
Also in the drawing frame I construct the part which carries the lever of
the stop motion so that it shall bear the trumpet thereof in an elevated
position when the sliver is to be adjusted. These two features of-my Inven-
tion are shewn in the accompanying Drawing at Fig. 7. The usual callendar
rollers are shown at a, above which is a trumpet b, not connected to the stop
motion, but carried by a plate c. The trumpet of the stop motion is at d
mounted upon a lever e, which has a knife edge f resting upon a standard 9.
The other end of this lever is provided with a step h which falls when a
sliver breaks so as to intercept the reciprocating blade k and arrest the
motion of the machine as is well understood. Atl is another step upon the
lever e, which arrives when the sliver breaks as just mentioned upon the
plate m, whereby the said lever is prevented from turning downward beyond
a certain distance. At n is a pin projecting from the lever e and extending

page_text: beyond the slot o, within which the said lever moves. When it is desired
to adapt the sliver to the rollers a, the lever e is drawn forward, and the knife
edge f'thereof is placed upon the part 9 of the standard, so as to assume
the position shewn by dots, and the inward end will then be supported by
the pin n resting upon the plate m.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I desire it to be under-
stood that I claim as secured to me under the above in part recited Letters
Patent,-
Firstly, fluting or corrugating the ends of the beaters of scutching
machines.
Secondly, the use of two cranks for actuating the doffer combs of carding
engines, one of such cranks being cast upon the shaft.
Thirdly, in carding engines I claim mounting those tops or flats which
turn upon hinges, and the apparatus fór healing so that they may be moved
bodily.
Fourthly, in reference to the drawing frame, I claim the application of
two trumpets through which the sliver passes, one of them being employed
for the stop motion.
And lastly, in the drawing frame, the provision for bearing the trumpet
lever in an elevated position:
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hetherington, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
ומז בfמת זוז:
JOHN HETHERINGTON. (L.B.)