IMPROVEMENTĖ IN PREPARING AND DRESSING ORES AND MINERALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julian Bernard, of Salisbury Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTĖ
IN PREPARING AND DRESSING ORES AND MINERALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julian Bernard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
.24th April 1868.
I, JULIAN BERNARD,' of Salisbury Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND DRESSING ORES AND MINERALS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:
This Invention relates, firstly, to an improved stone ore or mineral
breaking or crushing machine, and consists of the use and employment
of a series of moveable teeth or segments made of steel or other metal

page_text: placed upon and secured in blocks or rollers containing suitably formed
grooves or recesses for the reception of such teeth or segments, and
admitting of their ready removal or renewal without involving the
removal of the blocks or rollers from their shafts or the shafts from
their bearings. Motion may be imparted to these rollers or blocks by
gearing and in the usual manner.
Secondly. It consists of imparting a lateral and differential motion to
crushing rollers and which may be effected by means of a cam or
eccentric secured to the shaft or shafts on which the rollers are secured,
and which is so placed and arranged that its differential outline comes in
contact with a fixed stud or pin in the course of its revolution, the
object of which motion is to cause the surfaces of such rollers to wear out
more evenly.
Thirdly. My Invention relates to an improved method and means. of
sising or dividing the materials, and consists of combining plain inclined
surfaces with inclined perforated plates or seives over which the material
to be operated upon is passed, and by which a more perfect result is
obtained. The whole of the perforated plates and plain inclined plates
being placed and arranged in a suitable framing common to the entire
number employed and leading into separate divisions or compartments
in which the materials are deposited.
Fourthly. My Invention relates to an improved method and means for
washing or separating different ores and minerals from each other, and
also from their matrices and other impurities. One modification of
carrying out this part of my Invention consists of the following
arrangements and means:-In a cylindrical or other suitably formed
vessel or cistern, which is secured to a common framing, I place a
chambered moveable bottom, on which is secured a perforated top or
seive; or in lieu of the moveable chambered bottom I employ a fixed
bottom and a moveable perforated plate, either being free to move
water-tight upwards and downwards in the said cistern. This moveable
bottom or plate is placed upon and attached to a tube or hollow piston
rod which passes water-tight thro' the head of a cylinder placed
directly underneath the cistern; both the other hollow piston and
the lower cylinder are furnished with suitable cocks and valves for the
escape of water, atmosphere, or other fluid as may be required, and
which may be either forced or kept under a convenient head pressure
until required. When any material is to be treated by this process the

page_text: perforated moveable bottom or plate is supposed to be at the bottom of
the cistern and the material placed in it, after which water is permitteḍ
to flow into the lower cylinder, and through the hollow piston rod and
perforated plate into the cistern, passing thro' the material which it
forces up in its passage, keeping it in a state of suspension and agitation
until the whole becomes arranged according to the specific gravity of
each particle; water alone and water and atmosphere may be employed to
obtain the desired result according to circumstances. When the materials
are sufficiently acted upon they are allowed to subside, after which the
perforated plate or bottom is raised by closing the valve in the hollow
piston rod communicating with the cistern, which will have the effect
of the water pressing upon the surface of the hollow piston rod and
thereby elevating it with the moveable bottom and the material in the
cistern to any desired position which will enable the attendant to remove
the whole of any portion of the material; the hollow piston and move-
able or perforated plate connected therewith can now be lowered by
stopping the communication with the pressing medium and permitting
the fluid in the lower cylinder to escape, after which the operation can be
repeated.
Fifthly. It relates to separating machines and consists of arranging.
a series of leaves or louvres in the sicve of a separating machine so
arranged as to be inclined in any desired direction somewhat similar to
window blinds. By this arrangement the water can be propelled or
forced in any desired line from the vertical, which will have the effect of
propelling the material gradually towards one end of the machine and
thus become self-acting in its operation. In this arrangement the sieve.is.
stationary and placed in a frame in relation to the cistern that all the
water comes through it.
0
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Julian Bernard in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 24th October 1868.
0
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Julian Bernard in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 24th October 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, JULIAN
BERNARD, of Salisbury Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Julian Bernard, Her special license
that I, the said Julian Bernard, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Julian Bernard, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE-
PARING AND DRESSING ORES AND MINERALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Julian Bernard, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the. nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that me, the said Julian Bernard, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to an improved method and means for washing
or separating different ores and minerals from each other, and also from
their matrices and other impurities. One modification of carrying out
this part of my Invention consists of the following arrangements and
means: In a cylindrical or other suitably formed vessel or cistern,
which is secured to a common framing, I place a chambered moveable
bottom, on which is secured a perforated top or sieve; or in lieu of the
moveable chambered bottom I employ a fixed bottom and a. moveable
perforated plate, either being free to move water-tight upwards and
downwards in the said cistern. This moveable bottom or plate is placed
upon and attached to a tube or hollow piston, and which passes water-
tight through the head of a cylinder placed directly underneath the
cistern; both the other hollow piston and the lower cylinder are

page_text: furnished with suitable cocks and valves for the escape of water,
atmosphere, or other fluid as may be required, and which may be either
forced or kept under a convenient head pressure until required. When
any material is to be treated by this process the perforated moveable
bottom or plate is supposed to be at the bottom of the cistern and
the material placed in it, after which water is permitted to flow into
the lower cylinder, and through the hollow piston rod and perforated
plate into the cistern, passing through the material which it forces up
in its passage, keeping it in a state of suspension and agitation until
the whole becomes arranged according to the specific gravity of each
particle; water alone, and water and atmosphere may be employed to
obtain the desired result according to circumstances. When the
materials are sufficiently acted upon they are allowed to subside, after
which the perforated plate or bottom is raised by closing the valve in
the hollow piston and communicating with the cistern, which will have
the effect of the water pressing upon the surface of the hollow piston
rod, and thereby elevating it with the moveable bottom, and the material
in the cistern to any desired position which will enable the attendant
to remove the whole or any portion of the material. The hollow piston.
and moveable or perforated plate connected therewith can now be
lowered by stopping the communication with the pressing medium and
permitting the fluid in the lower cylinder to escape, after which the
operation can be repeated.
It relates to separating machines, and consists of arranging, and a
series of leaves or louvres in the sieve of a separating machine, so
arranged as to be inclined in any desired direction somewhat similar
to window blinds. By this arrangement the water can be propelled or
forced in any desired line from the vertical, which will have the effect
of propelling the material gradually towards one end of the machine,
and thus become self-acting in its operation. In this arrangement the
sieve is stationary, and placed in a frame in relation to the cistern that
all the water comes through it.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall
5 now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that
purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts
in all the corresponding Figures.

page_text: Figure 1 on the annexed Sheet of Drawing is an elevation of the
machine which I employ for carrying out my Improvements in
Preparing and Dressing Ores and Materials, and in the Machinery or
Apparatus employed therein," and Figure 2 is a vertical section of the
principal parts of the same, while Figure 3 is a plan, Figure 4 a section,
and Figure 5 a plan of the lower part of a hollow piston or traveller
herein-after to be referred to.
A is a cylinder, with an inlet and outlet branch B and B', and closed
at the lower end by the bottom plate D. It has an upper lid or cover C
connected to it by bolts and nuts passing through its flange, which
bolts and nuts are partly shown at Figure 4; the cover has a groove
recessed in it, as shewn, for containing a water-tight packing, and
through which packing and cover the tubular ram F passes water-tight;
G and H are valves at each end of the tube and "seated," as shewn,
the upper onc H being self-acting, and the lower G being actuated by
the rod I, spindle J, levers J', cranked rod and handle K, shewn more
clearly at Figure 4. The dotted lines G₁ indicate the position of the
cover of the valve G immediately before the ascent of the "tubular
ram," and the dotted lines H¹ the position of the cover of the valve H
during the flow of water through it. This "tubular-ram" takes into
and is secured with bolts, and the flange L to the hollow piston M.,
which is composed of two parts M and M³, and connected with
screws N. The lower part M, shewn in plan at Figure 5, has bars O
formed in it, and is recessed round its inner rim for the purpose of
receiving and supporting a net of wire of any required mesh, which is
not shown in the Drawing, being no part of my Invention; the upper
part M of the hollow piston has also bars O' in it, which are shewn
in section at Figure 2, the wire netting being placed in the space P
and held firmly in position between the upper and lower bars. There
is a groove or recess formed in the part M' at Q for receiving a suitable
water-tight packing; R is a cylindrical receiver, and to which the hollow
piston is accurately fitted, on the top of which receiver and resting on
the flange S is the tray or framing T, handles U, U, being secured
in it, by which it can be readily turned in any desired direction, it
being made to move free on the flange S for that purpose; this tray
can be lengthened in the direction of the broken line and of the arrow's
flight to any convenient length, as may be found necessary or desirable,
and is shewn more fully at Figure 3. V is a tube or pipe taking into
and secured in the "hollow piston" as shewn, for conveying compressed

page_text: atmosphere when required, and is furnished with valves not shewn in
the Drawing. W represents a valve, by which any material or refuse
in the hollow chamber may be easily removed when desired ; the
cylindrical receiver and parts immediately connected therewith, are
secured to the cylinder cover C and other parts by the upright standards
X and nuts Y, as shewn at Figures 1 and 4.
a, a, represent beams or girders upon which the whole machine rests;
b, b, a platform or floor upon which the person stands when working
the machine, which he does by means of the handles K; c and d,
e and f, represent boxes which contain outlet and inlet valves of the
description known as equilibrium or balance, the construction of which
is well known and therefore unnecessary to shew in detail, as they form
no part of this Invention.
The machine, as represented at Figures 1 and 2, is ready for effecting
the process of separating and washing, and assuming it to be charged
by throwing the material into the open cylindrical receiver in any
convenient manner and resting on the "hollow piston," the attendant
workmen admits water under sufficient pressure into the machine by
raising the handle C, which opens the inlet valve f, the water entering
into the cylinder A, passes through the "tubular ram," hollow piston,"
and netting, until it comes in contact with the material, and by its
force lifts up and separates it; by the time the water rises to the mouth
of the cylinder the material will be suspended in the column of water,
each particle being regulated in heighth by its specific gravity; cubical
surface, and to some extent by its conformation; the cylinder being
full of water its further flow is stopped by lowering the handle C and
parts connected with it, and the material allowed to settle or subside,
when it will be found classified or arranged, the whole resting on the
"hollow piston" at the bottom of the cylinder, the heavier parts being
at the bottom and the lighter at the surface; the attendant now closes
the valve G by lifting its lid and raising the handle K and parts
connected with it, admitting the water again through the inlet valve,
which will have the effect of raising the tubular ram, hollow piston,
and materials resting upon it to any desired position in relation to the
moveable tray T, out of one side.of which the water flows to any
convenient channel; when the materials are sufficiently elevated he
can with ease separate the light from the heavy by gradually removing
the surface as it ascends with a straight edge of sufficient width_to

page_text: span the mouth of the cylinder, to any desired or separate receptacle
towards and over which the tray T may be directed, the ascent of the
piston being regulated or arrested in order to give him time to do so.
In some instances it will be found desirable to further agitate the
.material to be separated by means of compressed atmosphere, steam, or
gas, especially in treating substances in which clay, slimc, or other
adhesive materials are contained.
In order to obtain the most perfect result in separating the material
by this machine it ought to be previously sized, and which can be done
by any well-known sizing machine. There is a break shewn in the
machine at h, and it may be made of any required heighth; I find
however that a column of water eight feet high separates ordinary
minerals and ores from the greatest portion of their impurities, but the
higher the column of water the more perfect will be the separation of
the materials, and one of the principles of the machine carried out.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julian Bernard, have to this my
Specification set my hand and scal, the 24th day of October,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.