IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Coates, of Sunnyside, near Rawten-
stall, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, in the employ of
Messieurs Butterworth and Brooks, of Sunnyside aforesaid, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR
Sealed the 22nd February 1854, and dated the 10th December 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Coates at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th December 1853.
I, CHARLES COATES,. of Sunnyside, near Rawtenstall, in the County
of Lancaster, Mechanic, in the employ of Messieurs Butterworth and
Brooks, of Sunnyside aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS. IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR
WEAVING" to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, first, in a new mode of applying the break
for stopping looms when the shuttle fails to. box, or the weft breaks;

page_text: this mode is particularly applicable to looms, to which motion is giver
by means of friction pulleys, as described in the Provisional Specifi-
cation of Letters Patent granted to me on the Fifteenth October, Ono
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three. The elbow lever therein re-
ferred to is described as bringing a break in contact with the fly wheel 5
when the friction pulleys are disconnected; now my present improve-
ment consists in applying the break to the under side of the lay bottom,
instead of applying it to the fly wheel. The break may be applied to
the lay bottom of looms constructed in the ordinary manner.
Secondly, my improvements consist in the application of the ma-
chinery herein-before referred to, for moving the driving strap from the
fast to the loose pulley of looms driven in the ordinary manner, as well
as to those driven by friction; in this case the lower arm of the elbow
lever is connected to the strap guide, the position of which is changed
as soon as the shuttle fails to box, or the weft breaks.
Thirdly, in driving looms by friction disks or pulleys fixed on the
tappet shaft; also in fixing the friction disk on the crank shaft, to which
a variable motion may be given by sliding the driving friction pulley
nearer to or further from the fulcrum of the crank shaft.
Fourthly, in the application of a yielding stop or buffer attached g
cither to the loom side or to the lay, for diminishing the shock when
the stop finger comes against the frog in ordinary looms, or when the
buffer comes against the catch lever in looms to which my improve-
ments are applied.
And lastly, in an improved mode of constructing pickers of metal or 2
other material. When these improved pickers are applied to looms
furnished with guide spindles, the picker is provided with a chamber to
contain some lubricating material; each end of the chamber is closed
with a washer, the holes in which fit on the guide spindle; the end of
the shuttle is acted upon by pieces of buffalo hide, or other suitable g
material contained in a box forming part of tho picker, and in order
to render these pieces of buffalo hide or other material slightly elastic,
they bear upon a piece of india-rubber or other clastic material con-
tained in the box, the bottom of which is screwed in to facilitate the
replacing of the buffalo hid or other material when it is worn out.
1

page_text: I also propose to put a piece of india-rubber or other elastic material
in the loop formed by the end of the check strap, against which the
picker strikes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Coates in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
CHARLES COATES, of Sunnyside, near Rawtenstall, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanic, in the employ of Messieurs Butterworth and
Brooks, of Sunnyside aforesaid, send greeting.
WHEREAS ller most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Coates, IIer special licenso
that I, the said Charles Coates, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Charles Coates, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE
TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Charles Coates, by an instrument in writing under my hand
aud seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Coates, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:-

page_text: The nature of my Invention consists, first, in the application of a
break to the lay or batten, whereby the momentum of the working
parts of the loom is checked; the said improved mode of applying the
break may be applied to looms of the ordinary construction, but it is
particularly applicable to looms driven by friction pulleys, as described
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the Fifteenth
day of October, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Secondly, in the application of a yielding stop or buffer, for dimi-
nishing the shock occasioned in ordinary looms by the stop finger
coming against the frog, or by the buffer coming against the catch
lever when the frog and stop finger are dispensed with.
Thirdly, in the application of india-rubber or other elastic material
to the check strap or loop, against which the picker strikes, after it has
propelled the shuttle.
Fourthly, in driving looms by friction pulleys, one of which is fixed
on the tappet shaft.
And lastly, in constructing pickers of metal or other suitable sub-
stance with a chamber to contain lubricating material, when a guide
spindle is required, and with a yielding surface to act on the end of the
shuttle.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the menns pursued by me,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
figures and letters marked thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, is a side elevation of a loom to which the three first of
my improvements are applied; Figure 2, is a front elevation; and
Figure 3, a plan of one end of the same. Many of the parts of this
loom, being similar to those in the loom shewn in the Specification of
my former Patent, herciu-before referred to, are marked with corre- S
sponding letters of reference. a, is the framing; b, the crank shaft;
c, the lay swords; d, the shuttle box; e, the weft fork; f, the knocking
off lever; and g, the breast beam; h, is a lever supported on a stud h',
which is fixed to one of the frame sides; in this lever is fixed a stud h³,
Я

page_text: on which is mounted the driving pulley i, and friction pulley ; tlis
pulley is held in contact with the circumference of the fly wheel b', by
the latch j, which is hinged to a fixed stud 7, as seen best in Figure 2;
a recess is formed at the end of the lover h, containing a piece of vul-
canized-india-rubber or other suitable elastic material, and a stud h'
this stud comes in contact with the under side of the latch j. k, is a
box containing a spiral spring, the upper end of which acts on the
ram, and the lower end thereof bears on a washer, which can be
raised or lowered in the box k, by the set screw, to regulate th
pressure of the spring. From the ram, projects a pin k', whic
passes through a hole in the latch j. This pin serves to prevent the
ram coming against the under side of the lever h, as long as the loom
is at work. One end of the bar m is supported in the bracket m³, and
the other end fits on a stud m³; the bar m is held in the position
shewn in the Drawing by a spring of vulcanized india-rubber or other
suitable material marked m*; one end of this spring is attached to the
loom side, and the other end to a stud projecting from the bar m, as
shown in Figure 8. To the breast beam is hinged the drop catch n
seen best in Figure 2; this catch bears upon the bar m, and it is fur-
nished with a projection n', which acts on the incline f, fixed to the
knocking off lever f; the shaft o is supported in bearings attached to
the lay swords c; near cach end of this shaft is fixed a lever o', and at
one end is a lever o³, the extremity of which has a catch for taking
into the notch m³, at the under side of the bar m, when the shuttle
fails to box; d' is a swell which is hinged in the usual manner to each
of the shuttle boxes; the levers o' are held in contact with the ends of
the swells d', by the spring of acting on the bent lever of attached to
the shaft o. All the above parts are either similar to those in looms
of the ordinary construction, or to those in the loom described in the
Specification of my former Patent.
. In the present instance the lever h is furnished with a break h³, the
surface of which is curved to fit the under side of the lay bottom. A,.
is a box containing the buffer B; this box is secured to the lay bottom,
and contains a piece of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable elastic
material, against which the inner end of the buffer B bears, as shown

page_text: detached in Figure 4; this buffer comes against the end of the catch
12 when the shuttle fails to box, thereby preventing the lay advancing
too near to the cloth. The mode of operation is as follows:-
The Drawing shews the parts in the positions they occupy when the
lay is advancing towards the cloth; the shuttle is in the right hand
shuttle box d, and the swell has pushed back the lever o', so as to
depress the end of the lever of below the notch m² of the bar m. If
the shuttle had not arrived in the shuttle box, the swell would not
have caused the end of the lever of to pass under the catch m³, con-
sequently the lay in advancing would have brought the notch on the
end of the lever o against the catch m³, thereby forcing the bar m
towards the breast beam; the incline of the bar m is thus pushed
under and elevates the catch, which in rising liberates the knocking
off leverf from its retaining notch, by the projection n¹ coming against
the incline. The knocking off lever then assumes a vertical position,
and in so doing, the stud fraises the latch j, thereby liberating the
upper side of the end of the lever h, at the same time the spring in the
box forces the ram against the under side of the end of the lever
h, thereby disconnecting the friction pulley i', and fly wheel b', and at
the same time bringing the break in contact with the under side of
the lay, the advance of which towards the cloth is instantly checked; if,
however, the momentum of the lay is too great to be entirely stopped
by the action of the break h³, the buffer B then comes against the end
of the catch n, which, as before stated, was raised by the pushing forward
of the bar m. By this means the loom is stopped before any injury is
done to the warps, and as the buffer B yields to the resistance of the
catch, it is evident that no injurious shock is given to the loom.
The various parts abovo described connected with the break ³, are
brought into operation for stopping the loom, if the weft fails, by the
weft fork e, which, when the weft breaks or ceases to cross the shed,
liberates the knocking off lever f from its retaining notch in the usual
way. I wish to remark here that the stop finger which acts against
the frog in ordinary looms may be made with a buffer similar to B, or
a yielding stop may be placed between the frog and the break, so as to
prevent or diminish the injurious effects of the shock produced by the

page_text: stop finger striking against the frog. The buffer B might also be
attached to the loom side or to the breast beam, but I prefer the
arrangement shewn.
In Figure 2, I have shown one mode of applying the third of my im-
provements. C, represents the spindle for guiding the picker; and D,
is the check strap or loop of leather against which the picker strikes in
the usual manner. Within the loop D, is a piece of vulcanized india-
rubber or other suitable clastic material, the object of which is to form
a yielding cheek against which the picker strikes after it has propelled
the shuttle. This yielding check is particularly useful when metal
pickers are used, but it is also very beneficial to pickers made in the
ordinary manner. The india-rubber or other elastic material may also
be applied to check straps or bands against which the pickers act of
any other construction.
In Figure 5, I have shewn an improved mode of driving looms by
friction. This arrangement is particularly applicable to those looms that
aro driven by a strap coming through the floor; in this instance the
lover his supported on the fulcrum stud ", and the driving pulley i' is
made to impart motion to the friction pulley E, fixed to the tappet shaft
F. The other parts of the loom are similar to thoso above described,
and therefore do not require to be again referred to.
I will now proceed to describe my improved picker, which is
represented in section in Figure 6, and in front view in Figure 7.
G, is the picker, the upper portion of which fits on the guide spindle H;
this upper part is recessed so as to form a chamber to contain some
lubricating material; G', is the slot through which passes the strap for
connecting the picker to the picking stick; and G, is a chamber
containing some disks of buffalo hide or other suitable material which
act against the end of the shuttle, and a piece of vulcanized india-
rubber or other elastic material marked G, which is held in its place
by the cap G, and serves as an elastic cushion for the buffalo hide.
By placing a piece of vulcanized india-rubber behind the disks of
buffalo hide they are rendered more durable, and less injury is done
to the shuttle than when no elastic material is used, and when the
buffalo hide is worn out, the cap G can easily be removed for sub-
stituting fresh disks of hide.

page_text: I prefer to make my improved pickers of brass, but other metals or
materials may be used instead, and I do not limit myself to the precise
shape shewn in the Drawing, as some looms are made without guide
spindles.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner
of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I make no
claim to the parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the details
shewn and described; but what I do claim is,-
First, the application of a break to the lay or batten of looms for the
purpose of checking the momentum of the same.
Secondly, the application of the buffer B, for stopping the lay or
batten as shewn, and as described.
Thirdly, the application of vulcanized india-rubber or other elastic
material to the check bands or straps against which the pickers act, as
shewn, and as described.
Fourthly, the improved mode of driving looms, by fixing a friction
pulley on the tappet shaft, as shewn and described.
Fifthly, the chamber round the guide spindle of the picker to contain
lubricating material.
And lastly, the application of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable
elastic material to that part of pickers which acts against the shuttle.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Coates, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-four.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Charles Coates in
the presence of
H. B. BARLOW,
CHARLES COATES. (L.B.)
Patent Agent,
_ Manchester.