IMPROVEMENTS IN AERATING, IN RACKING, Or TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS OR BEVERAGES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hamilton and Robert
Paterson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th October 1872.
We, JOHN HAMILTON and ROBERT PATERSON, both of Glasgow, in
the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AERATING, IN RACKING, Or
TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS OR BEVERAGES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be
as follows, that is to say:
This Invention comprises improved modes of aerating liquids or
beverages, and of racking or otherwise transferring them from one
vessel to another.
One improvement in aërating consists in introducing the carbonic acid
gas into the liquid in such a way as to cause a circulation that will
insure the gas being uniformly distributed throughout, and thus more
intimately combined with the liquid from which an improved effect is
expected with a reduced proportion of gas. In carrying out this part
of the Invention according to a simple and convenient plan, a pipe
communicating at its opposite ends with two different parts of the
vessel containing the liquid to be aërated has an injector nozzle inserted

page_text: into it for the introduction of the carbonic acid gas, which gas entering
by this nozzle induces a current of the liquid through the pipe, whilst
the current causes an effective circulation in the vessel itself. A check
valve is applied in the pipe forward of the injector nozzle, and a tap or
stop valve is fitted towards the other end of the pipe; the injector nozzle
may be arranged to be coupled in any convenient way with a pipe from
the reservoir or generator of the carbonic acid gas, it is however
preferred to form it with a second external nozzle or hollow cone with
lateral openings, and with a sharp screw thread whereby to screw it
through a cork in a bottle or portable receiver containing carbonic acid
gas in a compressed state; with this arrangement bottles or portable
receivers may be charged with carbonic acid gas, and be carried to a
distance and be applied to the aerating vessel at any convenient time.
The herein-before described arrangements for aerating are applicable
with vessels of various kinds, but are by preference to be used in
connection with collapsable vessels of the kind described in the Specifica-
tions of Letters Patent obtained by the present applicants, and dated
20 March 1869 (No. 847), and of Letters Patent also obtained by the
present applicants and dated 9 December 1869 (No 3561), as in such
vessels the pressure is easily controlled and a safety outlet is provided
for surplus pressure.
The improvements in racking or transferring are more particularly
designed for application to such liquids or beverages as are liable to be
affected by admixture with air, and consist in exhausting the air as far as
conveniently possible out of the casks or vessels into which the liquid is
to be transferred by means of air pumps, or by condensing steam in
them or in a separate vessel with which they are put in communication;
when a vessel exhausted in this way is put in communication with the
vessel containing the liquid to be transferred by means of a pipe or
otherwise the atmospheric pressure acting in the latter vessel will force
the liquid into the former. If it is desired to also avoid the contact of
air with the liquid in the vessel from which it is being transferred,
carbonic acid gas may be admitted to such vessel to take the place of the
liquid, such gas being conveniently supplied by apparatus of the
kind described in the earlier one of the Specifications herein-before
referred to.
The exhaustion of the air for the purpose of racking or transferring

page_text: by apparatus of the kind herein-before described as for aerating, a
discharge top being fitted on the pipe forward of the injector nozzle ;
this tap is opened when the exhausting operation is to be performed and
water under pressure is admitted into the nozzle; the jet of water
entering the pipe by the nozzle induces a flow of the air outwards from
the interior of the vessel, and whilst this is taking place the liquid
may be admitted to the vessel by a seperate pipe.