CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING WOOL FOR SPINNING, AND ALSO IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM. THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wе, EDMUND
GRUNDY, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Woollen Manufacturer, and
JACOB FARROW, of the same Place, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the twelfth year of Her reign, and
in the year our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Edmund
Grundy and Jacob Farrow, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that we, the said Edmund Grundy and Jacob Farrow, our exors,
adiñors, and assigns, and such others as we, the said Edmund Grundy and
Jacob Farrow, our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING
WOOL FOR SPINNING, AND ALSO IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso, that we, the said Edmund Grundy and Jacob Farrow,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately

page_text: after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Edmund Grundy and Jacob Farrow, do hereby declare that the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is
particularly described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed
and the following explanation thereof (that is to say):-
"
The first part of our improvements relates to machinery or apparatus for
preparing wool for spinning, and consists, first, in a certain novel construction
and arrangement of mechanism for forming a "lap" or roll of wool for feeding
the first carding engine, "scribbler" or "trimmer," and which is capable of
being unlapped in a continuous sheet of uniform weight and thickness
throughout. Secondly, in an arrangement of mechanism for taking the wool
from the "trimmer' or "scribbler," (after it has been doffed in the usual
manner), and forming it into a lap around a cylinder or drum of large diameter,
which lap being severed in a transverse direction forms a sheet of wool of
uniform weight and thickness for feeding the second carding cylinder or
condenser. Thirdly, our Invention consists in a certain novel construction and
arrangement of machinery or apparatus for piecing or connecting the ends of
the cardings to be applied to that class of carding engines wherein the wool
is delivered (by means of a fluted cylinder and rolling dish) in the form of
"rolls" or cardings. Fourthly, our Invention consists in a novel arrangement
of machinery or apparatus for the purpose of drawing the cardings (thus pieced
or connected) previous to their being spun. Fifthly, our improvements apply
to "condensers" or endless carding engines, wherein the wool is delivered in
the form of continuous slivers or threads,, and consist in the application thereto
of a fixed "doffing rail" or blade, in place of the roller usually employed,
between the doffing cylinder and the twisting strap.
The second part of our Invention relates to the machinery or apparatus for
spinning wool and other fibrous substances called "mules," and more especially
to those machines employed for such purposes, now generally called “self-
actors," (such improvements being also applicable to the machines called
"jacks".and "billies," and consists, first, in an arrangement of machinery or
apparatus whereby the motion of the copping rail is regulated in such a
manner that one end of the same shall be allowed to descend quicker than the
other whilst the bottom of the cop is being formed, and as soon as that is com-
pleted both ends of the said rail shall descend in an equal ratio. Secondly, in
an arrangement of mechanism for stopping the revolution of the spindles, and
"backing off" the few coils of thread which remain on the upper part of the

page_text: spindle after each stretch of the yarn. Thirdly, in an improved arrangement
of apparatus for regulating the "winding on " of the thread. Fourthly, in
an improved method of removing the stress from the yarn whilst " winding
on," by lowering the "under faller." Fifthly, in an improved arrangement of
mechanism for the purpose of increasing the speed of the spindles when the
thread is formed, and more particularly applicable to hand mules for spinning
wool.
.
Such being the nature and object of our said improvements, we will proceed
to describe the method of carrying the same into practical effect, which will be
readily understood upon reference to the four Sheets of Drawings accompany-
ing these Presents, and the following explanation thereof.
The first part of our improvements is exhibited in Sheet 1 of the Drawings,
in which Fig. 1 is a side elevation of our improved arrangement of mechanism
for forming a lap or roll of wool, for the purpose of feeding the "scribbler" or
"trimmer;" Fig. 2 is a longituilinal section of the driving end of the same;
and Fig. 3 is an end view of the machine. a, a, is the framing of the appa-
ratus, connected by the stay rod b, b, and supporting the table c, c; d, d,-is a
piece of canvas, or other suitable fabric, of the length and width of the
intended lap of wool; e, e, is a mandril, at the feeding end of the machine,
upon which the cauvas is coiled; and is the mandril of the driving end of
the machine, upon or around which the roll or lap of wool is to be fornieil!
This mandril ff, is squared at one end, and fits into a square socket in the boss'
of the spur wheel 9, the other end being placed in a socket in the boss of.the
plate h, which is capable of being slidden outwards, in order to remove and
replace. the mandril. i, i, are two pressing rollers, the upper one..being
weighted, in order to give greater solidity to the wool; k, k, is the driving
shaft, and 7,1, are the driving pullies; m, m, is a spur pinion, upon the main
driving shaft, engaged with the spur wheel g. Upon the driving shaft.k is also
keyed a ratched wheel n, upon which a pall 'ó is allowed: to fall as soon as the
driving strap is thrown on to the loose pulley by means of the strap fork' p, in
order to prevent the uncoiling of the "lap ".(see Fig. 3 and also Fig. 4, which
is a plan view of the apparatus). The operation of the machine is as follows:-
A mandrile, with the coil of canvas upon it, is placed at the feeding end of the
machine; one end of the canvas d is then drawn over the table c, c, and' passed
between the rollers i, i, the upper roller being raised (by means of levers or
otherwise) for that purpose. The end of the canvas is then attached to the
mandril and the roller i lowered. The wool, having been submitted to the
operation of the "devil" or "opener," is weighed and evenly distributed by
hand over the surface of the canvas upon the table, the canvas being marked
.

page_text: in divisions, and an equal weight of wool placed between each division; as the
canvas advances, it carries the wool between the pressing rollers i, i, and forms
it into a roll or lap around the mandril f. As soon as the lap of wool is com
pleted, the driving strap is thrown on tö. the loose pulley by means of the
strap fork p. which at the same time allows the catch o to fall on to the ratchet
wheel ??, and prevent the lap from uncoiling. The loose plate h is then'slidden
outwards, and the mandril f, with the lap of wool upon it, is removed from the
machine and taken to the "scribbler" or "trimmer," where it is uncoiled and
"fed" in by means of a bed roller or otherwise, the canvas being wound on
to a mandril as the sheet of wool passes from it into the carding engine. We
would here remark that this machine should be driven by means of a pair of
conical pullies, or any other convenient differential motion, which will cause the
mandrilf to take up the same length of canvas at each revolution as the
diameter of the roll of wool increases.
The second part of our Invention is exhibited in Sheet 2 of the Drawings,
in which Fig. 1 is plan view of part of the delivering end of a "trimmer,"
shewing the application of our improvements thereto; and Fig. 2 is a side
elevation of the same. a, a, represents part of the main framing; b, b, is the last
main carding cylinder; and c, c, is the doffing cylinder; d, d, is the ordinary
doffing comb; e, e, is a cylinder or drum upon which the sheet of wool is formed.
This cylinder or drum is mounted in suitable bearings, and is caused to revolve
by means of a crossed strap f, passing around a pulley upon the doffing cylinder
shaft, and round another pulley at the back of the drum e. To the shaft g
(upon which the drum e, e, revolves) a catch is attached, which, at each
revolution of the drum c, e, takes up one tooth of the ratchet wheel i. This
ratchet wheel i.is mounted upon a stud k, at the other end of which a spur
pinion is keyed, taking into a spur wheel 'm. The spur wheel n is furnished
with two studs and p, and is mounted in a frame 9, which swings upon
pivots at r, but is held in the position shewn in the Drawing by the catch s;
t is a weighted bell-crank lever, the upper arm of which acts against a
friction roller u upon the bar v, which is connected at one end to the
handle w, and at the other to the strap fork x. The bell-crank lever tis
supported in the position shewn in the Drawing by means of a pin at the
back thereof, which rests against a notch upon one end of the lever. =,=,
is a tin roller, for laying the web of wool more compactly upon the drum e.
The operation of this part of our Invention is as follows:-Supposing that
the wool is being doffed by the comb in the ordinary manner, and the drum e
revolving in the direction of the arrow, the thin web of wool is laid upon the
surface of the cylinder and as the cylinder revolves slowly is wound upon it.

page_text: At each revolution of the cylinder the catch h takes up one tooth of the ratchet
wheel i, thus causing the spur wheel m to make a portion of a revolution in
the same direction as the cylinder e. As the wheel m advances, the stud o.
coming into contact with the cord 1, raises the weight 2, and as the continued
revolutions of the drune cause the wheel m to advance still further, the stud
o finally comes into contact with the catch s, and raising it, allows the frame g
to fall, carrying with it the wheel m, out of gear with the pinion l, when the
weight 2 and cord 1, acting against the stud o, will turn the wheel m back
As the frame a falls, its
again until the stud p comes against the catch s.
lower part comes into contact with one end of the lever y, thus raising the
other end and releasing the belt-crank lever t; the weight upon the bell-
crank levert then causes it to fall, and its upper arm, acting against the
friction roller u; will force the lever v in the direction of, the arrow, and thus
throw the driving strap on to the loose pulley. It will of course be evident
that the number of revolutions which the drum e makes before the strap is
thrown off, and consequently the thickness of the sheet of wool, may be varied.
As soon as the
by altering the position of the stud o upon the wheel m.
machine is stopped, the lap of wool upon the cylinder e may be severed
transversely, and removed, in the form of a sheet, to the second-carding engino
or condenser. When the workman throws the driving strap on to the fast
pulley, by means of the handle w, the friction roller u will raise the lever t
into the position shewn in the Drawing, where it will be held by the notch at
the end of the lever y; and as the drum e commences to revolve, the finger 3,
coming into contact with the friction roller 4 (see Fig. 1), will raise the
wheel m into gear with the pinion 7, where it will be held by the catch s.
The apparatus is then in the position shewn in the Drawing, and the operation
proceeds as before.
Our improved arrangement of machinery or apparatus for piecing or
connecting the cardings of wool as they are delivered from the carding
engine by the fluted roller and dish aforesaid is exhibited in Sheet 3 of the
Drawings; Fig. 1 being a plan view of the same, with the endless chain of
buckets removed; Fig. 2 is an end view of the same; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal
section, shewing part of the carding engine in section; and Fig. 4 is a
transverse section of the same. A represents part of the framing of the
carding engine; B is the last main carding cylinder; C is the doffing cylinder;
D is the fluted cylinder; and E is the rolling dish; a, a, is the revolving box.
driven by spur gearing from the dofting cylinder shaft, the last wheel but
one, b, having teeth upon a portion of its periphery only, so as to turn the
box a but a fourth of a revolution at a time; c, c, are two endless chains

page_text: travelling over pullies c*, c*, and driven also by spur gearing from the doffing
cylinder shaft; d, d, d, d, are a series of buckets, suspended loosely or swinging
upon pivots from the chains c, c, so as always to preserve their equilibrium
except when tilted or upset, as hereafter mentioned. The buckets are
furnished with upright projecting pins e, e, e, e, which, are acted upon by the
inclined cams fff, f, in such a manner as to tilt the buckets over when
necessary. The cams f,f,f, f, are fixed upon a shaft g, which is caused to
revolve by the gearing h, h, (see Fig. 4). i, i, is an endless travelling, lattice,
upon which the buckets d,.d, deposit the cardings; the lattice i, i, passes over
rollers k, k, and, is caused to travel in the direction of the arrow by means of
the spur gearing 1; 1. m, m, m, are vertical revolving guides, between which
the cardings pass to the first pair of pressing rollers n, n. The vertical guides
m, m, are driven by means of the askew bevil wheels o, o, and coupled
together by the spur wheels p. p. 9.7, is an endless twisting strap; and 1,
is a second pair of pressing rollers; s, s, is the ordinary lap roller, which is
driven as usual by means of a bed roller or drum t, t. The operation of the
machine is as follows:-The ordinary doffing comb (which is not shewn in
the Drawing) doffs the wool from the doffing cylinder in narrow sheets,.equal
in length to the breadth of the loffing cylinder. These sheets of wool are
taken by the fluted cylinder D, and rolled between it and the rolling dish E
into the form of cardings.. As these cardings are formed, the fluted cylinder D
throws them over the edge of the rolling dish E into the revolving box a,
which is caused to, turn one-fourth of a revolution between the delivery of
each carding, so that one carding is deposited successively in each division of
the revolving box a. The box a as it revolves deposits one carding in each
of the buckets d as they pass under in succession, and as these buckets in
returning pass over the lattice i, i, the cams f, f, in revolving conie into
contact with the pins e, e, and tilt the buckets d, d, so as to discharge the
cardings on, to the lattice i, i, the ends of the cardings being guided by the
inclined plates *,*. The speed at which the lattice i, i, travels, and the
positions and speed of the cams f, f, are so regulated, that the end of each
carding is deposited immediately over the end of a preceding one, and the
onward progress of the lattice i, i, carries these ends together to the upright
revolving guides m, m, through which they pass together, and thence between
the pressing rollers n, n, by which means, assisted by the action of the twisting
strap, q, the fibres of the cardings become ultimately connected, and thus
the piecing of; the same is completed. The endless-cardings thus formed then
pass onward between the second pressing rollers 1, 2, and are wound on to the
lap roller s, s, in the usual manner.

page_text: Our improved arrangement of apparatus for drawing out the endless
cardings so formed previous to their being spun is exhibited in Sheet 2 of
the Drawings, in which Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the machine, and Fig. 4
a longitudinal section of the same. a, a, is the framing of the machine,
and b, b, are the driving pullies; c, c, is the lap roller or bobbin upon which
the cardings to be drawn are brought from the last-described machine. The
roller c is caused to revolve by means of a bed roller d, which is driven by
gearing e, e, from the main driving shaft f. f. 9. 9, are stationary wire guides,
between which the cardings pass to the first pair of rollers h, h.. These rollers.
h; h, are driven by spur gearing i, from the bed. roller shaft. k, k, is an
endless twisting strap, which receives it's motion from, a pulley. upon the
shaft f*, fm, m; are the drawing rollers, which are, driven, at a speed
quicker than that of the rollers h, h, by means of the spur gearing n, n; 0,, 0,
are travelling guide wires, which receive their motion from being connected
to a crank pin p upon the worm wheel q, which wheel is driven by a worm
r upon the shaft f*. s is the roller or bobbin upon which the cardings (after
being drawn), are lapped, which revolves by friction of contact with a bed
roller or drum t, the said roller or drum. t being driven by the bevil gearing
u, u. Thus it will be evident that the cardings are drawn out in passing
from the rollers h, h, to the rollers m, m, whilst under the influence of the
twisting strap k, k, and are laid evenly and regularly upon the bobbin s by
means of the travelling guides o, o, and the bed roller t. The cardings may
be drawn out more or less by altering the speed of the rollers m, m, or an
additional pair of drawing rollers may be used, if. thought, necessary. Our
improvements in the condenser or endless carding engine are also exhibited in
Sheet 2 of the Drawings, Fig. 5 being a section of the delivering end of a
condenser. a is part of the framing of the condenser; 6 is part of the last
main carding cylinder, and c, c, are the two doffing cylinders; d, d, are the
twisting straps, and e, e, are the drawing rollers;. f. f, are the traversing guide
wires, and 9, 9, are the bobbins upon, which the threads are wound. Our
improvement consists in substituting the doffing rails or blades h, h, between
the doffing cylinders c, c, and twisting straps d, d, in place of the rollers
usually employed, whereby the fibres are assisted in leaving the teeth of, the
cards upon the doffing cylinders, and thereby their liability to break is greatly
diminished.
Our improvements in spinning wool and other fibrous substances are
exhibited in Sheet 4 of the Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a side elevation of
the working headstock of a self-actor; and Fig. 2 is an end view of the same;
Fig. 3 is a view of the reverse end to Fig. 2, and Fig. 4 is a view of the

page_text: reverse side to Fig. 1. a, a, is the framing of the headstock, and b, b, is the
main driving or "rim shaft;" c, cx, is the "copping rail; d, d, is a rail which
forms the connection between the two carriages underneath the headstock;
and e, e, is the shaft which connects the faller shafts; ff, is a rack, having
moveable teeth, which is raised or lowered, as the case may be, either into or out
of gear with the wheel 9, 9, by means of the shaft e, e, and levers h, h. As the
carriage is going out, the rack f, f, comes into gear with the wheel g, g, which
gives motion to the shaft i, i, by means of the worm and wheel k, k. Upon
the shaft i, i, are fixed two small drums or pullies 1, 2, to which the ends of
two light chains m, m*, are made fast, the other ends of the said chain being
attached to the copping rail c, c*. The drum 2, to which the chain m is fixed,
is made entirely circular, whilst the drum *, to which the chain m* is
attached, is formed partly excentric by removing a portion of that part of the
circumference of the same whereon the chain m" works during the formation
of the bottom of the cop. Thus it will be seen that the copping rail c, c*, is
slightly lowered at each stretch of the yarn, and that the end c of the same
descends quicker than the other end until the bottom of the cop is finished,
when the two ends, of the copping rail will descend equally, thus causing the
faller to wind on a little higher and regularly at each return of the carriage
until the cop is completed. The speed at which the copping rail descends
may be easily regulated by increasing or diminishing the number of teeth
pon the rack ff. The arrangement of apparatus for stopping the revolution
of the spindles and for "backing off" is as follows:-To one end of a lever n
(see Fig. 4) an upright bar.o is attached, to which a catchp (inside the
framing) is connected by a link. The catch pacts upon a stud fixed to the
rud q, and is raised and lowered by means of the finger upon the twist wheel
shaft s. When the catch p is raised, the rod 9 is drawn in the direction of
the arrow by means of a spiral spring, not shown in the Drawing). The rod q
is connected at one end to a bell-crank lever t, which acts upon the boss of a
carrier. wheel u, over which the rim band v passes to the twist pulley w. The
rod q is connected at its other end to a lever a, which is acted upon by a pin
y, fixed in the spur wheel z, for the purpose of bringing the rod q back into its
original position. When the rod 9 moves in the direction of the arrow, it
causes the bell-crank levert to, slide the carrier pulley u upon its stud, and
thus throw the rim band v on to a grooved pulley 1, of the same diameter as
the twist pulley w; but loose upon the twist pulley shaft 2. The pulley 1 has a
spur pinion 3 fixed upon its boss, giving motion to a spur wheel 4, fixed upon
the end of the backing-off" shaft 5. Upon the shaft 5 is fixed a spur
pinion 6, sufliciently broad to gear with the two carrier wheels 7 and 8, which

page_text: drive the two spur wheels 9 and 10 upon the twist pulley shaft 2, the wheel
9 being fast, and the wheel 10 running loose upon the shaft 2. To the boss
of the wheel 10 a bevil wheel 11 is fixed, driving an upright shaft 13, which
gives motion to the top shaft 14. It will be seen, upon referring to the
Drawing, that at one end of the lever na catch is formed, which is for
the purpose of holding the lever 15, and is unlatched by means of the finger
upon the twist wheel shafts. When the lever 15 is released, it is acted upon by a
weight 16 attached to a cord 17 at the other end of the headstock. The lever 15
is fixed at the upper end of an upright shaft 18, upon which a lever 19 is also
fixed. The lever 19 has attached to its other extremity a link 20, which
embraces the end of the "backing-off" shaft 5, and is for the purpose of:
throwing the pinion 6 either into or out of gear with the carrier wheels 7'and
8, the pinion 6 being held in gear by the catch 21. The action of the
stopping and "backing-off" apparatus.is as follows:-As soon as the finger r
raises the catch s, the bell-crank lever t will throw the rim band v on to the
loose pulley 1, and thus stop the revolution of the spindles. The finger r
then releases the lever 15, and the weight 16 causes the lever 19 to draw the
pinion 6 into gear with the carrier wheels 7 and 8, thus by means of the
wheel 7 reversing the action of the spindles, and by the wheel 8 driving.
the top shaft 14, which raises the faller lever on to the copping rail c, c*, as
usual. The top shaft 14 has two fingers 22 and 28 attached to it. The
finger 22 lifts the catch 21 and releases the pinion 6, whilst the finger 23
releases a catch and allows a lever to throw the driving strap on to the pulley.
24, which, by means of a bevil wheel (fixed upon its boss) driving the diagonal
shaft 25, actuates the shaft 26, upon which the scroll 27 is fixed, and thus
winds the carriage up to the rollers; at the same time the pin y upon the
spur wheel draws the rod 9 back, and thus returns the rim band v on to
the twist pulley w just as the carriage is closing in.
. :
The improved apparatus for regulating the "winding-on" of the thread is as
follows: Upon the tin roller shaft 28 one part of a clutch box 29 is keyed;
the other part of the said clutch box being attached to a scroll 30, which is
loose upon the said shaft. The scroll 30 has two bands 31 and 32 attached
to it in such a manner that whatever length is given off by one shall be taken
up by the other. The band 31 passes over a pulley 33, and is kept tight by
means of a weight 34, and the band 32 is attached to a scroll 35, which is
mounted in a frame fixed to the headstock. Upon the shaft which carries the
scroll 35 a notched wheel 36 is keyed. This notched wheel 36 is turned by
means of two cranked catches 87, 37, which are lifted alternately by the
carriage in going out, thereby causing the scroll 35 to give off a portion of the

page_text: yarn.
band 32, which the weight 34 will cause the scroll 30 to take up, thereby
altering the position of the said scroll. 30 upon the tin roller shaft, and causing
the spindles to vary their amount of revolutions at each stretch of the
This gradual variation in the relative positions of the two scrolls 30 and 35 is
only necessary during the formation of the bottom of the cop, for by the time
that the bottom of the cop is completed the whole of the band will have been
given off from the scroll '85, and taken up by the scroll 30, after which the
"winding-ön" of the yarn is regulated entirely by the action of the scroll 30,
until the remainder of the cop is completed: The scroll 30 is caused to drive
the spindles whilst the carriage is "going in "by the following means:-The
same lever which throws the driving strap on to the pulley 24 also raises the
catch 38, and allows the spiral spring 39 to bring the two parts of the clutch
box 29 into gear, and thus "wind on " the thread at a speed varying in pro-
portion to the formation of the scroll 30. The carriage in "going.in," coming
into contact with the lever 40, brings back the lever 15, which is taken hold
of and retained by the catch at the end of the lever n, ready for the next
"stretch." In the "closing in" of the carriage, the scroll 50, and that part
of the clutch box 29 which is attached to it, are drawn out of gear by an arm
41, upon the headstock coming into contact with the end of the lever 42, and
forcing it back into the catch 38, by which it is held ready for the next
"stretch."
The improved apparatus for taking the stress off the yarn whilst "winding
on" is shewn in Fig. 4, upon referring to whicli it will be seen that there is an
upright rod 44 attached to the-front of the carriage 45, at the foot of which, is
an antifriction roller 46, which travels upon an inclined rail 48. The upper end
of the rod 44 is connected to the under faller shaft 47 by means of a lever 49,
so that as the carriage approaches the rollers in the "winding on" of the
thread, the roller 46, working upon the inclined rail 48, will cause the rod 44
to raise the under faller, and thus take the stress off the yarn, according to the
inclination of the rail-48...
That part of our improvements which is more particularly applicable to band
mules. consists in 'the application of part of the motion above described (for
stopping the spindles previous to "backing off""), to the purpose of increasing
the speed of the spindles whilst the carriage' is going out.. In. hand mule
spinning (especially for wool) it is necessary that the spindles should revolve
comparatively slow during the beginning of the stretch, but when the thread is
formed it is desirable that they should revolve at an 'increased velocity. This
changé in' speed we propose to effect in the following inaimer:-On the twist
pulley shaft two grooved pulleys of equal diameter are placed, one of which is

page_text: keyed fast upon the shaft, and the other running loose. To the loose pulley a
larger grooved pulley is attached, around which a band is passed in connection
with a smaller pulley on the tiu roller shaft. The rim band is passed from tho
fast to the loose pulley in the same manner as above described for "backing
off," and thus any required variation in the speed of the spindles may be gained,
according to the relative proportion of the two pullies.
Having thus described the nature and object of our said improvements,
together with the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, we would
here remark that we claim as our Invention with regard to the preparation of
wool for spinning,-
First, the construction and arrangement of the apparatus for forming the
wool into a lap or roll previous to feeding into the "trimmer" or "scribbler,"
especially the employment of the canvas or cloth for that purpose.
Secondly, we claim the method of forming a sheet of the wool as delivered
from the "trimmer" or "scribbler," by coiling it around a cylinder or drum,
and severing the said coil or lap in a transverse direction, and the machinery
or apparatus shewn and described for effecting that object.
Thirdly, we claim the peculiar novel construction and arrangement of
mechanism as exhibited in Sheet 3 of the Drawings, and above particularly
described, for piecing the cardings of wool as they are delivered by the fluted
cylinder and rolling dish.
Fourthly, we claim the novel arrangement of mechanism, shewn and detailed,
for drawing the cardings thus pieced previous to their being spun.
And, fifthly, we claim the substituting a fixed rail in place of the roller
usually employed between the doffing cylinder and the twisting strap in
condensers or endless carding engines.
As regards the machinery or apparatus for spinning wool and other fibrous
substances, we claim as our Invention,-
First, the novel and peculiar arrangement of mechanism above set forth for
regulating the notion of the copping rail, so that one end of the same shall fall
quicker than the other until the bottom of the cop is formed, and afterwards
both ends shall descend equally.
Secondly, we claim the method of stopping the revolution of the spindles, by
shifting the rim band off the twist pulley on to a loose pulley, and "backing
off" by means of the loose pulley thus driven.
"
Thirdly, we claim the method of regulating the "winding on of the thread
by means of a scroll upon the tin roller shaft, governed or regulated by a
notched wheel or other similar contrivance.

page_text: Fourthly, we claim the method of taking the stress off the yarn by lowering
the under faller whilst the carriage is "going in."
And, fitfthly, we claim the method of increasing the speed of the spindles in
hand mules whilst the carriage is "going out," by throwing the rim band off
the twist pulley on to a loose pulley, which drives the tin roller shaft at an
increased speed.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edmund Grundy and Jacob Farrow,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-eighth day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.