IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NON-CONDUCTING MATERIAL FOR PREVENTING THE RADIATION, OF HEAT."
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Henry Aston,. of Swansea, in the County
of Glamorganshire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF NON-CONDUCTING MATERIAL FOR PREVENTING THE RADIATION,
OF HEAT."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Henry Aston
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd February 1870.
I, CHARLES HENRY ASTON, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan-
shire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NON-CONDUCTING MATERIAL FOR PREVENTING THE
RADIATION OF HEAT," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the manufacture of non-conducting material
by the use of carbon in the form of wood charcoal, coke, or sawdust
mixed with china or other description of clay in conjunction, alone, or
with cow hair or loam in the manufacture of a non-conducting medium
to be used for the prevention of radiation of heat, and as a covering for.
steam pipes, cylinders, and boilers, or other heated surfaces, by the use

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Henry Aston in the Great Seal Patent 30
Office on the 22nd August 1870.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Henry Aston,
Her special licence that I, the said Charles Henry Aston, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Henry Aston, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NON-CONDUCTING
MATERIAL FOR PREVENTING THE RADIATION OF HEAT," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Charles Henry Aston, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Henry Aston, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly. described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My Invention consists in the manufacture of non-conducting material
by the use of carbon in the form of crushed anthracite or stone coal,
found principally in the South Wales coal field, wood, charcoal, coke, or
coal dust mixed with the kind of clay used generally for binding together
the kaolin and other ingredients used in the manufacture of china and
earthenware, found principally in the plastic formation of Dorset and
Devonshire, or other description of clay in conjunction or alone, or with
cow hair, sawdust, sand, or loam in the manufacture of a non-conducting
medium to be used for the preventing of radiation of heat, and as a
covering for steam pipes, cylinders, and boilers, or other heated surfaces,
by the use of which a more durable non-conductor is obtained, producing
or causing a better quality of steam.

page_text: In carrying out my Invention in practice I proceed as follows:-I
take carbon in the form of crushed anthracite coal, coke, wood charcoal,
or coal dust, mix them singly or together with the binding clay found
principally in the plastic formation of Dorset' and Devonshire, or other
description of binding clay, in conjunction or alone, or with cow hair,
sawdust, sand, or loam in any proportions, adding as much water or
other liquid to make it into a plastic state. This composition is to be
used as a non-conductor for to prevent the escape or radiation of heat.
For this purpose I apply it to steam pipes, cylinders, boilers, or any
other heated surface where a non-conducting material can be used to
an advantage.
The following-proportions of ingredients will be found to give a good
non-conducting composition:-
Carbon in the form of anthracite coal crushed, wood
charcoal, coke, or coal dust
Binding clay found in Dorset and Devonshire
Sawdust, loam, or sand
Oxide of iron 7 lbs., oil 5 lbs., and plumbago 8 lbs.
Cow hair
lbs.
. 80.
100.
50.
20.
8.
The ingredients after the clay may be omitted, or the relative
proportion of each ingredient may be altered or other ingredients added,
the essential feature of the Invention being the use of carbon in he
form of anthracite coal, wood charcoal, coke, or coal dust mixed with
the description of binding clay found in plastic formation of Dorset and
Devonshire (used in the manufacture of china and carthenware for to
bind together the kaolin and other ingredients) or separately, or any
proportion with this clay for the purpose above mentioned.
I apply the composition on steam and hot blast pipes or other surface
to be covered with the hand or trowel on and round the pipe, or where
it is to an advantage by dipping or saturating very coarse bagging or
canvas in the cement or composition; when it has a body of cement
attached to it I put the same round or on the heated surface I want to
cover as a foundation, then put one or more coats of cement on with the
hand or trowel to the thickness required; I also cover the exterior with
pitch, tar, or a covering of a composition of resin and brimstone combined,
and where greater durability is required with plain or galvanized sheet
iron.

page_text: Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The use (in the manufacture of non-conducting material) of
carbon in the form of crushed anthracite or stone coal, found principally
in the South Wales coal field, and the kind of clay used for binding
together the various ingredients used in the manufacture of china and
carthenware, found principally in the plastic formation of Dorset and
Devonshire.
Secondly. Applying this or other non-conducting compositions on
steam and hot blast pipes or other heated surfaces by means of coarse
canvas or bagging saturated with cement or composition as a foundation
to apply cement or composition on afterwards with hand or trowel.
Thirdly. For the use of a composition made of resin and sulphur in
equal or other parts for coating this and other non-conducting com-
positions to make it waterproof; also for the use of galvanized sheet
iron of a thinner size than 26 wire gauge for outside covering of non-
conducting material where greater durability is required.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Henry Aston, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
CHARLES HENRY ASTON. (L.S.)