IMPROVE- TW MAKAD SIGG AND MURIDDAM
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cawthorn, of No. 16, Church Street,
Greenwich, in the County of Kent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
TW MAKAD SIGG AND MURID ADAMDO
وو
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cawthorn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd December 1873.
I, JOHN CAWTHORN, of No. 16, Church Street, Greenwich, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOVABLE SASHES AND THEIR FRAMES," to be as
for
follows:-
:
This Invention relates to certain improvements in movable sashes and
their frames, whereby cleaning and repairing of windows can be readily:
effected and also the frames painted, etc., without danger to servants or
workmėn.
:
=
The Invention consists in hanging the sashes proper by pivots or
screws at a distance below the centre as to permit the greater half when

page_text: folded inwards to rest upon and be supported by the bottom of the frame
or "sill." The pivots or screws take into nuts in sliding or hanging
stiles which are rabbetted to fit rabbetts on the sides of the sashes when
in contact, the upper portions of the sashes being fastened to the stiles
by catches or screws, as found convenient.
I fit a rather deep cross piece at the upper part of the sash box for
the top edge of the upper sash to bear against. This piece being
only at the back allows of the top rail of the lower sash passing up
beyond it and finding a lodgment in the sash box when the lower sash
is lifted.
When the lower sash is raised the upper sash can be brought down
sufficiently far to permit it to be turned over to the front in a similar
manner to the other. Either of the half sashes can be readily removed
without disturbing the stiles or the beads, or the stiles themselves can
be removed for the placing of new cords, the knots of which are arranged
in apertures of the stiles nearest the frame.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Cawthorn in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 3rd June 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CAWTHORN, of No. 16, Church Street, Greenwich, in the County of
Kent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Cawthorn, Her special licence
that I, the said John Cawthorn, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Cawthorn, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS

page_text: IN MOVABLE SASHES AND THEIR FRAMES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Cawthorn, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Cawthorn, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in movable sashes and
their frames, whereby cleaning and the repairing of windows can be
readily effected and also the frames painted, &c., without danger to
servants or workmen.
The Invention consists in hanging the sashes proper by pivots or
screws at a distance below the centre as to permit the greater half when
turned or folded inwards to rest upon and be supported by the bottom
of the frame or "sill." The pivots or screws take into nuts in sliding
or hanging stiles, which are rabbetted to fit rabbetts on the sides of the
sashes when in contact, the upper portions of the sashes being fastened
to the stiles by catches or screws, as found convenient.
I fit a rather deep cross piece at the upper part of the sash box for
the top edge of the upper sash to bear against. This piece being only
at the back allows of the top rail of the lower sash passing up beyond
it and finding a lodgment in a recess of the sash box when the lower
sash is lifted.
When the lower sash is raised the upper sash can be brought down
sufficiently far to permit of its being turned over to the front in a similar
manner to the other. Either of the half sashes can be readily removed
without disturbing the stiles or the beads, or the stiles themselves can be
removed for the placing of new cords, the knots of which are arranged
in apertures of the stiles nearest the frame.
The Invention will be understood by the following detailed description

page_text: and the annexed Drawings, A. being the inside and B the outside of the
sash box or frame.
a, Figure 1, is the upper half sash, and 6 the lower half sash, the two
being free to move up and down between the side beads c, c, in the
usual manner; d, d, are sliding stiles, see Figure 2, to which the balance
weight cords e, e, are attached. These stiles have projecting lips f. f,
upon portions of their faces, and the sashes have other projections g, I,
upon their edge faces, Figure 3, which fit into corresponding edge or
face recesses to make a weather-tight joint. The half sashes are hung
to the stiles by screw pins i, i, Figure 4, in the plain portion of which a
hole j is made for the reception of a nail or screw to be passed through
transversely and into the wood to prevent the pin i moving. I fit catch
hooks k, k, in the half sashes, and these when turned a quarter round
(preferably upwards) release the sashes from the stiles, so that the sashes
can be turned over upon the hanging or pivot pins to rest upon the
bottom bead 7 for the glass to be cleaned from the inside of the room in
which my Invention may be fitted without the necessity of the servant
using steps, and also without her adopting the unpleasant practice of
sitting out upon the sill, as is now commonly adopted to clean the
outside.
In the view, Figure 1, I have shown the upper half sash as lowered
and turned over towards the inside of a room, and in order to permit of
this being done I form a recess m in the upper part of the sash box at
the front for the top rail n of the lower half sash to enter this, giving a
clearance for the top rail p of the upper half sash when the upper half
sash is pulled down to pass, as will be seen by the dotted lines which
describe the arcs of circles through which top and bottom rails of
the half sash travel. I also fit rather a deep cross piece q at the upper
part of the sash box for the upper sash to rest against when in a raised
position, and I arrange the cord knots in holes formed in the inner faces
of the sliding stiles d, d, so that they are not exposed when the sashes
are folded or turned over.
I purpose screwing up my hanging pins i, i, so as to produce a slight
pinch at those parts between the sash and the two stiles to enable my
half sashes to remain in any position at which they may be placed for
the purposes of ventilation or otherwise, notwithstanding the prepon-
derance of weight of one portion of each half sash over the other portion

page_text: from the unequal, centreing or non-balancing of them. This will be
understood by reference to Figure 5, in which both half sashes are shown
in horizontal position, but they or only one of them can be placed at
any angle with equal facility when desired.
When the sashes are closed and the catches shot home their noses
take over pins r to hold the parts firmly together and to prevent the
sashes rattling.
And having now described the nature of my said and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
Firstly. The improvements in movable sashes and their frames, as
herein-before set forth and shown.
Secondly. I claim the several details or appliances in or by which
movable sashes can be operated in the manner and for the purposes
described.
Thirdly. I claim the arrangement of sash frames herein-before set
forth for facilitating the turning or folding over of the upper half sash
to the inside of a room or apartment for the purposes described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Cawthorn, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-four.
TATTA
ATHTAK