AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DESTROYING INSECTS SUCH AS THE PHYLLOXERA WHICH INFEST VINES AND OTHER PLANTS, AND PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION FERTILIZING COMPTION TO BE USED IN COMBINATIONRE
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Harris Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
and Co., Patent Agents Southampton Buildings London for an Invention of
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DESTROYING INSECTS
SUCH AS THE PHYLLOXERA WHICH INFEST VINES AND OTHER PLANTS, AND
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Harris Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th December 1881.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co. Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF, AND APPARATUS
FOR, DESTROYING INSECTS SUCH AS THE PHYLLOXERA WHICH INFEST VINES AND
OTHER PLANTS, AND FERTILIZING COMPOSITION TO BE USED IN COMBINATION
THEREWITH "[A communication from abroad by La Société La Reconstitution
Viticole of Paris France]
This Invention relates to a novel method of, and apparatus for, destroying insects
such as the phylloxera for the protection of grape vines and other plants. The
said apparatus is provided with a cutter or share which penetrates into the ground
to a certain depth and there spreads or distributes either in a state of vapour or a
finely divided liquid the compound designed to destroy the phylloxera or other
insect. The said apparatus may be modified in certain details and I will now
proceed to describe two types thereof.
Below this
I provide a reservoir in which is placed sulphuret of carbon.
reservoir there is a cock the openings of which are of proper dimensions to mete
out or distribute the proper quantity of liquid. This cock is kept in continuous
rotatory motion by means of a pulley connected by a band to another pulley
placed on a shaft which receives motion from the main axle of the apparatus by
means of pulleys and a band. The liquid, as it is discharged from the cock, falls
into an inclined receptacle whence it runs out through a small pipe terminating in

page_text: a curved pipe communicating at one end with a blast pipe and at the other end
with the distributing cutter. This latter pipe is supplied with air through an
ordinary vertical bellows operated by an excentric or crank on the shaft; a small
air-pipe leads into the cock.
The air violently blown through the curved pipe forms the jet of liquid into a
spray. The division of the liquid is increased when the air and the liquid meet at
the upper part of the distributing cutter or share in a space provided therein and
filled with coke. The liquid comes out at the base of the share through lateral
apertures protected in front by projections to prevent the earth from obstructing
the passage of the liquid spray.
Handles to be grasped by the person directing the apparatus are fixed to the
frame by a pin; they can be turned up if necessary for example at the end of the
rows; in that case sinall handles provided for the purpose may be used in place of
the others.
Disconnecting gear is placed upon the shaft and is worked by means of a lever
to allow of the stopping of the motion of this shaft, and consequently of the
stopping of the motion of the cock and also of the bellows.
According to one modification of the apparatus, the distributing and measuring
cock is replaced by a pump also worked by the bellows shaft. The liquid is sent
through a pipe which terminates at the base of the cutter or share, in a determinate
quantity, to an orifice; the blast through a bent pipe also comes to the base of the
share and escaping through capillary holes forms the liquid into a spray_externally.
It is obvious that steam-or any other suitable agent may be used in place of the
air. When the vines have thus been treated with sulphuret of carbon I employ a
manure which furnishes the plant with all the nutritive elements necessary to its
reconstitution.
It is composed of the following ingredients

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Harris Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th Juno
1882.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF, AND APPARATUS
FOR, DESTROYING INSECTS, SUCH AS THE PHYLLOXERA, WHICH INFEST VINES AND
OTHER PLANTS, AND FERTILIZING COMPOSITION TO BE USED IN COMBINATION
THEREWITH A communication from abroad by La Société La Reconstitution
Viticole, of Paris, France,
"
This Invention relates to an improved method of, and apparatus for, destroying
insects such as the phylloxera for the protection of grape-vines and other plants.
The said method is characterized by the employment of sulphide of carbon in such
a condition that the molecules are disseminated in the soil or ground in a state of
extreme division either by reducing them into the form of spray or by vaporization.
This division or disaggregation of the liquid designed to destroy the phylloxera or
other insects may be obtained by various means, such for example as by employing
a jet of air or steam which reduces the liquid into the form of spray. Such liquid
may also be finely divided by passing it through a small tube or pipe in such a
manner that the liquid projected from the discharge-orifice of the same is
disseminated.
To obtain the aforesaid result I employ a special form of apparatus which
might be termed a wheel-plough; it is provided with a share or cutter which
penetrates the ground to the desired depth and there spreads or distributes, either
in the condition of vapour, or a finely divided liquid, the material designed to
destroy the phylloxera or other insects.
In the accompanying Drawings I have shewn various forms of apparatus
embodying my Invention. I will first proceed to describe the apparatus illustrated
in side elevation in Figure 1, and in planing Figure 2. This apparatus consists of
a reservoir A in which is placed the sulphide of carbon; below this reservoir is
arranged a cock B which is shewn in section, on an enlarged scale, in Figure 3 of
the drawings. The openings or ports in this cock are of suitable dimensions to
mete out, or distribute, the proper quantity of liquid. The said cock is continually
revolved by the pulley a connected by a belt or band b with the pulley c fixed
upon the shaft C; this pulley c receives motion from the axis of the wheels D
of the apparatus through the medium of the pulleys d, e, and the belt or band f.
The liquid, as it is discharged from the cock B, passes into an inclined receptacle
P from which it flows through the small pipe y terminating in a curved pipe h
arranged within a blast-pipe E. This blast-pipe is supplied with air by means of
an ordinary vertical bellows F, actuated by an excentric or crank arranged at i
upon the shaft C. A small air-pipe j cominunicates with the cock B.
The air which is violently blown or forced into the pipe E transforms the jet of
liquid into a spray. The subdivision of the liquid is increased when the air and
the liquid meet at the upper part of the share K in a space or chamber K¹ which
is filled with coke and is represented in section in Figure 4. The liquid is
discharged at the base of the said share through vertical apertures / protected in
front by projections which prevent the soil from stopping the escape of the liquid
spray.
The handles G of the apparatus are fixed upon the frame H by a pin p; they

page_text: can be turned up if necessary, for example at the end of the rows; in that case the
small handles I inay be used in place of the said handles G.
Disconnecting gear arranged upon the shaft C, and capable of being operated by
the lever J, perinits the movement of the said shaft to be arrested and consequently
the stoppage of the motion of the aforesaid cock and also of the bellows.
Figure 5 represents, in section, a modified construction of the distributing valve.
The box or casing of this valve encloses the rod or part 8 which constitutes a
shaft whereon is mounted a cam q which acts upon the valve r arranged above it,
and serves to raise the same so as to permit the passage of the liquid.
side of the said cam, rings or filling pieces may be arranged so as to reduce the
cavity or chamber of the valve as desired.
On each
Figure 6 represents, in elevation, a modification of my improved apparatus in
which the distributing valve or cock is replaced by a pump M actuated by
the shaft C which operates the bellows. The liquid is forced in the desired
quantity through the pipe m which terminates at the base of the share or cutter,
in an orifice n; the air which is forced through the pipe E also passes to the base
of the share and escapes from the said pipe through the capillary openings or
holes o, o, thereby transforming the liquid into spray externally. In this
Figure the handles G are shewn turned upward or towards the front
of the apparatus.
Figures 7 and 8 represent, in elevation and plan, a further modification of my
improved apparatus embodying in its construction means for automatically
distributing-in-the-ground-the-sulphide of carbon whose vaporization is effected by
means of bellows.
The said apparatus is mounted upon two wheels L, L, fixed upon the shaft M
which supports the beam H; to this beam is secured the standard or support N
provided with a coulter O and a share 0'; between the said standard or support
and the coulter is a tube or pipet from which the sulphide of carbon flows.
share forms in the soil a furrow wherein the sulphide of carbon is continuously
diffused; such furrow is filled up after the apparatus has passed.
The
The shaft or axle M carries a toothed wheel P connected by a chain with a
pinion Parranged upon a shaft Q which actuates two pumps, that is to say, the
pump R that controls the quantity of the liquid supplied, and the pump S or blast-
cylinder which vaporizes the sulphide of carbon. The pump R draws the sulphide
of carbon from the reservoir T the amount of such sulphide of carbon withdrawn
being regulated by varying the stroke of the piston; this variation of the stroke
of the said piston may be effected by employing an excentric disc provided with
holes at different distances from the centre of its shaft, or by employing a crank-
arm arranged upon one end of the shaft Q, and having a slot in which the end of
the rod connecting with the pump-plunger may be adjusted and fixed at the
desired distance from the centre of the shaft of the said crank-arm.
The blast-pump S which sucks in atmospheric air forces the same into the hollow
support or standard N and thence into the ground or soil in order to vaporize the
liquid sulphide of carbon ejected by the working of the pump R. The pipe t,
through which the sulphide of carbon is forced terminates at its lower extremity
in a capillary orifice. It is rendered capillary throughout its entire length by
means of a movable rod between which, and the interior surface of the tube, is a
circular space of about one half a millimetre only.
The liquid reduced into spray escapes with the air through the openings or
holes u, u, which are protected by the projecting pieces or parts v, v.
The traction-rod X serves for the simultaneous draught of both the support or
standard N and the beam H, and the part T' enables the extent to which the said
support or standard enters the ground, to be varied and consequently the depth at
which the sulphide of carbon penetrates the soil.
When the vines or other plants have thus been treated with sulphide of carbon
in a finely divided condition I employ a manure which furnishes the plant with

page_text: all the nutritive elements necessary for its reconstitution. This manure is
composed of the following ingredients, namely
Heavy coal-ter oil
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign Correspondents and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,
First. The herein described method of destroying phylloxera and other subter-
ranean insects which are injurious to agriculture which method comprises the
injection into the ground of sulphide of carbon finely divided or vaporized by a
current of air, or steam, or by other suitable means, by causing the liquid to
escape through a small pipe, and by the employment of apparatus which distributes
the sulphide of carbon in a furrow formed by the said apparatus, substantially as
Bet forth.
Second. The apparatus provided with the distributing cock and the bellows,
whereby the liquid is finely divided by a current of air forced into, and diffused
in the coke chamber of the share from whose base the liquid and air escape through
suitable holes, as herein set forth, and for the purpose specified.
Third. The employment of a pump for ejecting at the base of the share, the
liquid which is finely divided or reduced to the condition of spray by the blast of
air escaping through the capillary holes formed in the said share, substantially, as
and for the purpose specified.
Fourth. The modified construction of my improved apparatus substantially as
set forth with reference to Figures 7 and 8 of the Drawings.
Fifth. The employment, in combination with the above described method,
of the manure consisting of the ingredients above set forth for the purpose
specified.
In witness whereof I the said Henry Harris Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twenty sixth day of June in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.