Improvements in Apparatus for Boiling, Bleaching, and Dyeing Cotton and the like Fabrics.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Sept., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 16th May, 1899-Accepted, 5th Aug.,
1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Boiling, Bleaching, and Dyeing
Cotton and the like Fabrics.
I. SERGIUS KHRENNIKOFF, of Orekhovo, Zonevo, in the Government of Wladimir
and Empire of Russia, Technological Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The operation of boiling, bleaching and dyeing of cotton and the like fabrics have
been generally effected heretofore in separate apparatus, namely, the boiling operation
almost exclusively in vats, in wrung state; the bleaching operation almost exclusively
by means of special devices or machines, and the dyeing operation in dyer's baths.
The apparatus, forming the object of the present invention is constructed on the
principle of forcing the liquid through the goods, the liquid being allowed to pass
through the goods alternately in two opposite directions; at the same time the
circulation of the liquid, effected by means of a pump, is performed in the proposed
vat in a very uniform manner, because the goods are rolled on a cylinder or drum in
a straightened or stretched state.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 shews a side elevation (partly in section) of the described apparatus.
Figure 2 a vertical section of the same on the line E-F (Fig. 4).
Figure 3 a plan view of the apparatus.
Figure 4 a similar view with the cover C removed, corresponding to the Fig. 2
but with the roller withdrawn.
Figure 5 a side elevation of the roller, with the fabric wound up on it, the whole
being hung on a chain for lowering into the vat.
Figure 6 a side elevation, on an enlarged scale, of the distributing valve.
Figure 7 a vertical section of said valve on the line A-B (Fig. 6).
Figure 8 a horizontal section of the same on the line C-D (Fig. 7).
Fig. 9 a plan view of the valve.
The apparatus is disposed as follows:-
l
A riveted iron boiler A (Figs. 1 and 2) supported on legs V is provided with a
hinged cover C, which can be raised by means of a block and which closes the boiler
hermetically; for this purpose the boiler is provided with four hinged bolts D) (Figs. 1
and 4) and with a tightening washer a (Fig. 2). For heating the liquid, the boiler
is provided with a steam jacket B (Figs. 1 and 2) into which steam is admitted by a
pipe (Fig. 2); the outlet pipe 2 connects the boiler with a condenser for removing
the water. To reduce the waste of heat, the boiler A together with its steam jacket B
is covered with pasteboard and felt, and has over them a wooden casing S (Figs. 1
and 2). At the side of the boiler, near its bottom, are provided two opening m and n
(Figs. 1 and 2) into which lead the pipes M and N (Figs. 1, 3 and 4) from the dis-
tributing valve H (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4) the pipe M ending at the opening m from
the other opening na cast-iron pipe () is laid in the boiler on its bottom (Fig. 4)
this pipe having at the centre of the bottom a turned up angular coupling box P
(Figs. 2 and 4), in which fits a hollow cylinder or roller F, perforated on its periphery

page_text: with a number of openings; this roller serves to hold wound upon it the fabric g to
be treated (Fig. 5).
In the interior of the boiler, diametrically opposite to each other, are rivetted two
guide ways zz (Figs. 2 and 4) in which is inserted, to be guided to the coupling box P,
a frame with the hollow roller F.
The boiler is provided at the bottom with an evacuating cock R for the liquid.
For inserting in the vat of the fabric, previously wound on the hollow perforated
roller F, a special frame E is provided (Fig. 5) the upper cross beam of this frame has
a strap like form, in the middle of a vertical threaded opening d is provided, in
which a screw e with a band-wheel f is screwed, having a ring to suspend the whole
frame to the block r by means of a chain. To the lower end of the screw e a cast-iron
washer or ring is secured for the purpose of tightening the upper opening of the
tubular roller F. The lower cross-beam a of the frame has also an opening at the
middle, in which is fitted the end of the tubular roller; the extremities of this cross-
beam form two pins i, i which are loosely inserted in the lugs k, k formed at the
lower ends of two rods m, m. The upper ends of these latter are firmly secured by
nuts n, n in the end gloves of the upper cross-beam. With this cross-beam are con-
nected, by means of the said rods m, m and nuts n, n, a cross strip o, curved at the middle
according to the size of the tubular roller and provided with a hinged brace p to
secure the upper end of this roller.
The chain pulley is suspended to roller 8 running on a rail T over the
apparatus.
To direct in a suitable way the pumped liquid, a distributing valve H (Figs. 1, 2, 3
and 4) is provided, having four ports, communicating with four pipes. The pipes M
and N connect the valve H with the boiler; the pipe N communicates by means of
the interior pipe O and of the coupling box P with the perforated tubular roller F.
The two other ports are connected with two pipes K and L (Figs. 1 and 3) communi-
cating with any suitable pump, for which the pipe L serves as a suction pipe, and the
pipe K as a forcing pipe.
of
The distributing valve H (Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9) consists of a cast body a secured to
the boiler by a bracket (Fig. 6). At each side of this body ports are disposed with
flanges m, n connecting the valve with the aforesaid pipes M and N leading to the
boiler (Figs. 3 and 4). At the front side the valve has two other ports and 7 (Fig. 6),
connecting respectively with the aforesaid foreing pipe K and the suction pipe
the pump. In the body a fits the hollow cylindrical plug o (Fig. 8), divided by a parti-
tin pin two chambers 8, 8 (Fig. 7). Each chamber is provided with an opening r,
communicating with the port or 1 and another opening t communicating with the
port m or n of the valve body. The plug o is fitted in the body a and secured in this
position at both ends by means of two regulating bolts u, u (Figs. 6 and 7) screwed in
the brackets q, q extending from the stuffing box covers u, v. For the purpose of
tightening the plug the space between this latter and the wall of the body a is filled
with packing, compressed by the stuffing box covers v, v. The plug o is provided with
a handle lever y by which it can be turned only at 180° degrees.
In the position of the valve plug H shewn at Fig. 7, on starting the pump, the
liquid will be sucked through the port n and forced through the port m; but when
the handle y is turned 180° as shewn by dotted lines, the liquid will on the contrary
be sucked through the port m and forced through the port a, because the ports k
and I, and therefore the openings 7, 7 remain always the first as the forcing aperture
and the second as sucking aperture.
To indicate the action of the apparatus, it is provided on the cover with a pressure
gauge, a safety valve and a cock (Fig. 1).
The operation with the described vat may be performed in the following manner:-
The fabric g previously wound upon the perforated tubular roller F, is inserted in
the frame E and put together this frame in the boiler A; then the screw e with the
cast-iron cover is lowered on the roller F by means of the hand wheel f and firmly
tightened after this the vat is filled with a suitable liquid, the cover C is closed and
tightened, the pump is started and steam supplied in the jacket,

page_text: By the action of the pump the liquid is sucked from the boiler and then forced
through the distributing valve H in the hollow perforated roller F; it filters through
the goods and returns again into the boiler.
As has been before mentioned, in the existing devices the boiling of fabrics is per-
formed almost exclusively in the wrung state causing the goods to be greatly tumbled ;
moreover by this method the liquid may pass not through the goods, but between
them which causes an imperfect boiling, such a failure is absolutely avoided by use of
the described apparatus by which the operation is moreover considerably shortened.
The foregoing explanation with regard to the boiling process is also applicable to
the bleaching and dyeing processes.
Improvements in Apparatus for Boiling, Bleaching, and Dyeing
Cotton and the like Fabrics.
I, SERGIUS KHRENNIKOFF, of Orekhovo, Zonevo, in the Government of Wladimir
and Empire of Russia, Technological Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The operation of boiling, bleaching and dyeing of cotton and the like fabrics have
been generally effected heretofore in separate apparatus, namely, the boiling operation
almost exclusively in vats, in wrung state; the bleaching operation almost exclusively
by means of special devices or machines, and the dyeing operation in dyer's baths.
The apparatus forming the object of the present invention is constructed on the
principle of forcing the liquid through the goods, the liquid being allowed to pass
through the goods alternately in two opposite directions; at the same time the
circulation of the liquid, effected by means of a pump, is performed in the proposed
vat in a very uniforin manner, because the goods are rolled on a cylinder or drum in
a straightened or stretched state.
In the drawing filed with the provisional application
Figure 1 shews a side elevation (partly in section) of the described apparatus.
Figure 2 a vertical section of the same on the line E-F (Figure 4).
Figure 3 a plan view of the apparatus.
Figure 4 a similar view with the cover C removed, corresponding to the Figure 2
but with the roller withdrawn.
Figure 5 a side elevation of the roller, with the fabric wound up on it, the whole
being hung on a chain for lowering into the vat.
Figure 6 a side elevation on an enlarged scale of the distributing valve.
Figure 7 a vertical section of said valve on the line A-B (Figure 6).
Figure 8 a horizontal section of the same on the line C-D (Figure 7).
Figure 9 a plan view of the valve.
The apparatus is disposed as follows:-
A riveted iron boiler A (Figures 1 and 2) supported on legs V is provided with a
hinged cover C, which can be raised by means of a block and which closes the
boiler hermetically; for this purpose the boiler is provided with four hinged bolts D
(Figures 1 and 4) and with a tightening washer (Figure 2). For heating the liquid,
the boiler is provided with a steam jacket B (Figures 1 and 2) into which steam is
admitted by a pipe (Figure 2); the outlet pipe 2 connects the boiler with a

page_text: condenser for removing the water. To reduce the waste of heat, the boiler A together
with its steam jacket B is covered with paste-board and felt, and has over them a
wooden casing S (Figures 1 and 2). At the side of the boiler, near its bottom, are
provided two openings m and n (Figures 1 and 2) into which lead the pipes M and N
(Figures 1, 3 and 4) from the distributing valve H (Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4) the pipe M
ending at the opening m: from the other opening n a cast-iron pipe O is laid in the
boiler on its bottom (Figure 4) this pipe having at the centre of the bottom a turned
up angular coupling box P (Figures 2 and 4), in which fits a hollow cylinder or
roller F, perforated on its periphery with a number of openings; this roller serves to
hold wound up on it the fabric g to be treated (Figure 5).
In the interior of the boiler, diametrically opposite to each other, are rivetted two
guide ways zz (Figures 2 and 4) in which is inserted, to be guided to the coupling
box P, a frame with the hollow roller F.
The boiler is provided at the bottom with an evacuating cock R for the liquid.
For inserting in the vat of the fabric, previously wound on the hollow perforated
roller F, a special frame E is provided (Figure 5). The upper cross beam of this
frame has a strap like form, in the middle of which a vertical threaded opening d is
provided, in which a screw e with a hand-wheel f is screwed, having a ring h to
suspend the whole frame to the block by means of a chain. To the lower end of
the screw e a cast iron washer or ring his secured for the purpose of tightening the
upper opening of the tubular roller F. The lower cross beam a of the frame has
also an opening at the middle, in which is fitted the end of the tubular roller; the
extremities of this cross beam form two pins i, i which are loosely inserted in the
lugs k, formed at the lower ends of two rods m, m. The upper ends of these latter
are firmly secured by nuts n, n in the end lugs of the upper cross beam. With this
cross beam are connected, by means of the said rods m, m and nuts n, n a cross
strip o, curved at the middle according to the size of the tubular roller and provided
with a hinged brace p to secure the upper end of this roller.
The chain pulley r is suspended to a roller 8 running on a rail T over the
apparatus.
To direct in a suitable way the pumped liquid, a distributing valve H (Figures 1, 2,
3 and 4) is provided, having four parts, communicating with four pipes. The
pipes M and N connect the valve H with the boiler; the pipe N communicates by
means of the interior pipe () and of the coupling box P with the perforated tubular
roller F. The two other ports are connected with two pipes K and L (Figures 1 and 3)
communicating with any suitable pump, for which the pipe L serves as a suction pipe,
and the pipe K as a forcing pipe.
The distributing valve H (Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9) consists of a cast body a secured
to the boiler by a bracket 6 (Figure 6). At each side of this body ports are disposed
with flanges m, n connecting the valve with the aforesaid pipes M and N leading to
the boiler (Figures 3 and 4). At the front side the valve has two other ports / and /
(Figure 6), connecting respectively with the aforesaid forcing pipe K and the suction
pipe L of the pump. In the body a fits a hollow cylindrical plug o (Figure 8),
divided by a partition p in two chambers 8, 8 (Figure 7). Each chamber is provided
with an opening r, communicating with the port / or / and another opening t com-
municating with the port m or n of the valve body. The plug o is fitted in the
body and secured in this position at both ends by means of two regulating bolts u u
(Figures 6 and 7) screwed in the brackets g, q extending from the stuffing box
covers v, v. For the purpose of tightening the plug the space between this latter
and the wall of the body a is filled with packing, compressed by the stuffing box
covers v, v. The plug o is provided with a handle lever y by which it can be turned
only at 180 degrees.
In the position of the valve plug H shewn at Figure 7, on starting the pump, the
liquid will be sucked through the port n and forced through the port m; but when
the handle is turned 180 degrees as shown by dotted lines, the liquid will on the
contrary be sucked through the port m and forced through the port n, because the

page_text: ports and l, and therefore the openings r, r remain always the first as the forcing
aperture and the second as sucking aperture.
To indicate the action of the apparatus, it is provided on the cover with a pressure
gauge, a safety valve and a cock (Figure 1).
The operation with the described vat may be performed in the following manner :-
The fabric G previously wound upon the perforated tubular roller F, is inserted in
the frame E and put together with this frame in the boiler A; then the screw e with
the cast iron cover is lowered on the roller F by means of the hand wheelf and
firmly tightened after this the vat is filled with a suitable liquid, the cover C is
closed and tightened, the pump is started and steam supplied in the jacket.
By the action of the pump the liquid is sucked from the boiler and then forced
through the distributing valve H into the hollow perforated roller F; it filters
through the goods and returns again into the boiler.
As has been before me ioned, in the existing devices the boiling of fabrics is per-
formed almost exclusively in the wrung state causing the goods to be greatly tumbled;
moreover by this method the liquid may pass not through the goods, but between
them which causes an imperfect boiling, such a failure is absolutely avoided by use of
the described apparatus by which the operation is moreover considerably shortened.
The foregoing explanation with regard to the boiling process is also applicable to
the bleaching and dyeing processes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. An improved apparatus for boiling, bleaching and dying cotton fabrics coiled
upon a roller, said roller being tubular and provided with perforations, and the
apparatus provided with a steam jacket and filled with a suitable liquid serving for
the boiling, bleaching or dying of the fabric, said liquid being circulated through the
fabric by means of a pump or the like, the direction of the said circulation being
controllable by means of a distributing valve so that the liquid can pass through the
fabric alternately in opposite directions, substantially as described.
2. The improved apparatus for boiling, bleaching and dyeing fabrics constructed
and operating as described with reference to the drawings filed with the Provisional
Specification.
C
... of M. 1900
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of London, Liverpool, Manchester and Birmingham.