Improvements in Reed Organs.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Apr., 1892-Accepted, 9th July, 1892'
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Reed Organs.
1, MELVILLE CLARK, of No. 699 S. Canal Street, Chicago; County of Cook,
State of Illinois, . and United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
•
The improvements which constitute this invention relate chiefly to blast organs,
but some of them are equally applicable to exhaust organs.
In the drawings,
Fig. is a vertical fore-and-aft section midway in the 'length of the blast organ
embodying my invention, the stop action being omitted.
Fig. 2.is.a plan of the same, part of the manual and part of the valves being
removed to show the action and reed chambers more fully.
Fig. 3.is an enlarged detail section at the line 3-3 on Fig. 2.
Fig.4 is a longitudinal section.at the line 4-4 on Fig. 2.
Fig. 5.is an end elevation showing one form of stop action, the end of the storage
bellows being partly broken away.
Fig. 6 is a.detail vertical section showing a modification of the connection of the
principal and sub-base valves.
Fig. 7is a.similar detail.showing another modification of the same.
Figs. 8 and 9 are elevations of a preferred form of stop action, the former
showing the stops in and the mutes all closed, .and the latter showing the stops out
and the mutes all open.
Eigs. 10 and 11 are perspectives of two alternative forms of crank or lever arms
by which the mutes.arc operated in this preferred action.
Fig. 12 is a longitudinal section at the plane of the line 12-12 on Fig. 1, showing
the organ.frame partly collapsed.
Fig. 13 is a partly sectional front elevation, showing the entire organ
collapsed, the case being broken away for a portion of the length, and the
collapsed frame being shown in longitudinal section at the same plane as the section
in Fig. 12.
A is the base plank of the organ, upon which the pedal bellows B are supported
and into the.cavity.a.of which said pedal bellows discharge. CC are the standards
at the end of the base A,. which support the storage or blast bellows.D, and the
action said, standards being hollow and serving to conduct the blast from said
pedal bellows.to said storage bellows, the blast entering the latter at the support C¹,
as seen in Fig. 1, said support being provided with the customary flap or check
valve Co to retain.the.air in the storage bellows under tension. E are helical
springs which are located within the storage bellows, being secured at both ends.;
the upper end being fastened to a bar E', which extends from end to end of the
part of the storage bellows.below the division plane d d, and the lower end being
fastened.to.the bottom,D' of the bellows. In the inflation of the. storage bellows
by the operation of the pedal bellows, the springs E are extended, as seen in Fig. 1,
and their reaction tends to force the air out through the reeds as the manual is
operated. These.springs. E are.shown at their mormal tension in Fig. 12 and they
are capable of..compression from that position with a tendency to react to expand
instead of to contract.the bellows. These springs, thus serve two purposes :-First,
to resist the expansion of the bellows and give. tension to the air therein; and
second, to render the collapse of the bellows. toward the latter part of that action
gradual instead of abrupt; as it would be if the collapsing springs were resisted.by
a positive stop. The springs E constitute.their own stop, and cushion the bellows
гр.
1

page_text: in the collapse which the springs themselves cause, and thereby the unpleasant
effect, which is due to the abrupt termination of the collapsing action which causes
the air to-be expelled with a. puff at the last, is prevented. is a relief port in
the bottom D' of the bellows, which is closed by the valve D2, which seats down-
ward, and is primarily seated by a light spring, but principally seated by interior
pressure in the storage bellows. This valve is connected with the fixed upper
portion of the bellows by a check cord E", (Fig. 1) the length of the.cord being
such that it is drawn taut only when the bellows is expanded to the maximum
desired limit, and thereafter, any further operation of the pedal bellows,-tending
to force the air into the storage bellows, and tending thereby, to further expand
the latter, causes the bottom D₁ to move away from the valve D², and the
valve being thereby opened and allowing the bellows to collapse slightly will
'cause the bottom of the bellows to immediately withdraw upward and permit
the check valve again to seat, whereby, in case of continuous operation of the
pedal bellows in excess of the requirements of the organ, the storage bellows
will be kept expanded only to the point where the relief valve will be opened
by the check cord.
The storage bellows is divided horizontally at dd, and the two parts are
hinged together at the rear side of the organ at said divisional plane, so that
the upper part of the storage bellows carrying on its upper side all the action,
may be tilted back to give access to the said action at the under side. As
above stated, the action is mounted on the upper side of the top board D³ of
the storage bellows. F F F etc. are reed chambers; F" F1, the reeds therein.
These reed chambers protrude into the storage bellows chamber, the corresponding
reed chambers of the several octaves, which are designed to be controlled
respectively by different stops and operated in conjunction, are located side by
side in fore-and-aft lines, the chambers of each octave being of course side by
side successively in right and left lines, that is, lines substantially parallel with
the manual. All the reed chambers terminate at their upper ends or discharge
'throats in the same horizontal plane, and I prefer to make them vary in length
according to the length of their respective reeds, from which it results that
they terminate at their lower ends along lines oblique to the plane of their upper
ends, as seen in Fig. 4, and I provide to bound them at their lower ends the
strips F2, which I term the "mute seats," said seats having the apertures 2, which
lead into the reed chambers respectively, said apertures being situated in straight
lines from right to left, so that each of the mutes G may cover all of the apertures
pertaining to the reeds designed to be operated by a single stop, the reeds in each
right and left row being controlled by two mutes and corresponding stops, one for
the upper portion and the other for the lower portion of the manual, as usual. The
mutes are hinged to the mute seats F, and provided with the springs G³, tending
to seat them, and are operated by the levers H H H H in a manner which will be
obvious from the illustrations, the stop rods H H H³, connecting to said stop
levers, as seen in Fig. 5. By varying the length of the reed chambers as the
length of their respective reeds vary, I bring the air-induction apertures, all sub-
stantially equally near to the reeds to which they respectively admit the air, and
thereby ensure uniform promptness and intensity of action of all the reeds;
whereby the quality of tone is rendered more uniform than would be the case
if the apertures were located in lines parallel to the plane of the discharge
throats of the reed chambers, which would bring them at varying distance from
'the reeds.
The block f, in which the reed chambers are formed, is provided with a flange 20
in a plane parallel to the plane of the reed valves, and the top board D³ is cut out
to allow the said reed chamber block to be protruded down into the bellows, the
flange serving as a stop and means of securing the reed chamber block, to the
board D³. The reed chambers thus protrude into the bellows more or less
according to their length, that is, according to the length of their respective
reeds, so that the air under tension in said bellows has direct access to each of
:འ

page_text: the reed chambers through the ports directly to the reeds without being obliged
to pass in any instance through an intermediate duct or passage to reach the
reed.
The upper ends or r discharge throats of the reed chambers, being, as stated,
all in the same horizontal plane, and the chambers for the reeds which are designed
to be operated as coupled, being in fore-and-aft lines, it becomes possible to
control all of the reeds pertaining to any key of the manual, that is, which
are designed to be operated as coupled, by means of a single valve, such valve
seating simultaneously over the several throats in fore-and-aft line.
KK etc. are
the valves. They are hinged in a familiar manner at their forward ends to the'
slightly up-raised rib "of the block f, in which the upper parts of the reed
chambers F are formed. These valves are seated by gravity only, all springs
or other devices of that sort for holding them on their seats being dispensed
with. I secure upon the upper side of cach of the valves K, a small metal
weight k, sufficient to hold the valves on their seats against the pressure of air
which can enter through the induction port, or which, entering through said
ports can pass the reeds. The valves are operated by the levers L, which are
fulcrumed upon the upper edge of the rib D", mounted on the upper side of the
board D³, said levers being at their forward ends operated by the keys M of the
manual in a familiar manner, and having upon them, at their rear ends,
the weights L', which are sufficient to counterbalance the keys M, and hold the
latter at their proper horizontal position. These weights L'are cylindrical in form,
and long enough to operate as the plungers by which the levers L may operate
the valves K. They are slightly rounded at their lower ends, and the levers L
have slight concavities which receive the said rounded cuds to give the weights
definiteness of lodgment on the levers. They are each provided with a short cross
pin, and the holes in the block f, through which they respectively extend
from the ends of the levers below, to the valves above, are countersunk or rabbeted
by forming the enlarged part f" at the upper end, whose diameter is just barely
more than the length of said cross pin, so that the shoulder " is formed on
which the cross pin lodges and thereby suspends the plunger. The said plungers:
are thus without direct connection either to the valves or to the levers, but are
interposed between them, and may each independently be lifted out by tipping the
valve back; and they all remain with the reed chamber block f, when the latter
with the valve is withdrawn for any purpose. By their freedom in their relation
to the valves and the levers, they are prevented from rubbing on either in their
action, and at the same time they communicate motion from the lever to the valve
as exactly as if positively connected to each.
10
k
By counterbalancing the keys M with the plunger-weights L', I reduce the
amount of force necessary to operate the keys to the minimum which is sufficient
to lift the weighted valves, and 1 thereby also diminish the weight necessary
to hold the valves on their seats, because it is not necessary to include in
that weight any counterbalance for the keys M, as would otherwise be required.
It is obviously a much more easy matter to make the weights & perfectly uniform
than it would be to make an equal number of springs perfectly uniform in tension.
I therefore gain greatly in uniformity of touch of the manual by using weighted
valves instead of spring-pressed valves; and in order that this uniformity may
exist not only between keys of the same length, but between long and short (white
and black) keys as well, I place the weights on the valves which pertain to the
short (black) keys enough nearer to the pivots of the valves to compensate for the
difference of leverage afforded by the keys on account of the difference in length of
the latter. For perfect accuracy, the distance of the weights from the hinges of
the valves respectively should of course be exactly proportionate to the leverage
of the keys. Since seating the weights back toward the hinge of the valves
diminishes the effectiveness of the weights as a means of holding the valves on their
seats, the weight must be heavy enough to accomplish the purpose even in case of

page_text: the valves, upon which the weight, is placed, nearest the hinge, and it will therefore
be somewhat heavier than necessary on the valves on which it is placed farther
from the hinge, but the touch will still be much lighter than it can be made and be
even tolerably uniform when springs are employed; and almost. exact. uniformity
is easily obtainable. To prevent the valves being thrown farther.up than necessary
by a violent stroke. on the keys, I provide the check; bar 3 detacliably secured at
the ends of the block and overhanging the valves and having non-sonorous
cushion on the under side.
30
By dispensing with a spring which, if employed, would have to be located, over
cach valve and press upon it, I render the space above the valves respectively,
when the check bar is removed, entirely clear of any obstruction, so. that the
valves can be tipped back freely off their seats to remove the reeds, or for any
other purpose requiring access either to the reed chambers or to the plungers,
whereas, springs, if present, would be in the way of such manipulation and
would be themselves damaged by even such movement of the valves as they might
not absolutely prevent.
For the purpose of sub-bass and pedal bass, which requires broader reeds than
are employed for the remainder of the tones, I provide series of reed chambers,
which are made vertical, as in the case of the other reed chambers, the middle one
of the number necessary for sub-bass, which is usually thirteen, being placed in
fore-and-aft line with the corresponding chamber of the octave with which the sub-
bass is to be coupled. On account of the greater width of the sub-bass reed
chambers, each successive chamber to the right and left of this middle one will be
a little more out of fore-and-aft line with the corresponding chamber of the principal
octave than the last preceding, as seen in Fig. 2. To control these sub-bass reeds,
I provide extensions K' K, either from the principal valves pertaining to the reed
chambers of the octave with which the sub-bass is to be coupled, to the sub-bass
valves, the extension of the middle valve of the series being in direct fore-and-aft
plane with the principal valve, and the extension of each of the other valves in the
series to right and left, being successively a little more oblique to the right or left,
as the case may be; and to said extensions, the valves KK for the several sub-
bass reed chambers. are connected. The connection of the sub-bass valves to
the principal valves by means of said extensions may be rigid, making the sub-
bass valve virtually a mere prolongation of the principal valve, or it may be flexible,
the sub-bass valve being either suspended at its middle point from the rigid
extension of the principal valve, or being hinged at the rear end and operated by
said extension.as by a lever arm. These several forms of connection are illustrated
respectively in Figs. 3, 6 and 7, and in all of them it should be observed that the
principal valve directly actuates the sub-bass valve. In case the sub-bass valve is
hinged as in Fig. 7, it is immaterial which valve has the extension, and in case they
are rigidly connected by the extension, it may be considered as pertaining to either
of them. Only, therefore, in case of the form shown in Fig. 6 is it essential which
valve is described as having the extension, and in that form the extension must
pertain to the principal valve.
S is the swell which is hinged to the block f in which the reed-chambers.are
formed and, adapted to shut down over the valves to be operated by the stop rod S
through the medium.of the. levers S² S¹, in a manner which will be obvious from
inspection of Fig. 5.
Ihave shown a coupling mechanism for this organ, which I will now describe.
The forward ends of the levers L are rabbeted at L, and the coupling levers R,
mounted, as usual on the hinged board T, having one arm.R' lodged above the said
rabbeted end of the levers L. The other arm R2 extends under the buttons.m',
which are provided on the under side of the keys M of the manual. The
ends. of the lever arms Rare brought up. to the buttons by the operation of
the coupler stop, which. rocks the. board T to, the position, shown, in dotted lines.in
Fig. 3.

page_text: The buttons m on the keys M, by which the latter make contact with the
lever L, are secured to the keys respectively by threaded stems m², which permit
their adjustment to level the keys and compensate for any inequality in the
plunger-weights.
Cranks or lever arms H extend in a plane substantially at right angles to the
axes of the hinges of the mutes respectively, and are journaled in the end of the
chamber in which the mutes operate and within said chamber engage the mutes
respectively, so that as the levers are rocked in their said journals they rock the
inutes over their hinges. They are constructed and operated outside said chamber
as shown in Figs. 8 and 9.
Before describing that exterior construction and mode of operation, I will
describe specifically two modes of forming said cranks or lever arms and causing
them to rock the mutes, both of which are illustrated in said Figs. 8 and 9.
One of these methods consists in providing a plate H2, which is secured to the
end of the mute and has the crank arm H. rigid with it at one corner in line with
the axis of the mute hinge. This construction is shown in detail in Fig. 10.
The other method consists in giving to said crank, in addition to the short
portion which constitutes its journal bearing in the end of the chamber, an arm at
right angles therewith within the chamber, and which is lodged upon the face of
the mute and may be conveniently let into a groove on that face, as seen in two of
the mutes in Figs. 8 and 9. This second method is substantially the same as that
which is shown at the right hand end of Fig. 4, because it is not very material
whether the journaled portion is exactly in line with the hinge axis or not, so far
as the ultimate action of the device is concerned, and the crank-arm H in Fig. 4,
at the right hand end, may be considered as representing either crank shown in
Fig. 5, or that shown in Figs. 9 and 10.
of
The reaction of the mute spring being in the opposite direction from that in
which the interior arm of the crank in the form shown in Fig. 11, can operate
against the mute as the crank is rocked, these two constructions shown in Figs. 10
and 11, are substantially identical in their mode of action and may be used inter-
changeably in combination with the remainder of the mechanism which will now
be described. The crank arms H, outside of the chamber, extend up at the end of
the block in which are the reed chambers. In case of each of the mutes which
is hinged at the forward edge, the upper end of the lever or crank arm H is curved
convexly upward and forward, as seen in the drawings; and in case of any mute
which is hinged at the rear edge, a lever H3 has its fulcrum on a suitable
bracket H, which is rigid with the block, and on said bracket there are also
fulcrumed the levers which at the upper end are connected respectively to the
stop rods H, and at their lower ends engage respectively the deffected ends
the lever arms respectively. Said levers H, and the lever arms upon which they
respectively operate, are so located relatively that when the stops are pushed in as
in Fig. 8, and the mutes are closed, the lower ends of the levers H rest against the
deflected end near the commencement of the deflection; but when the stops are
pulled out, the levers H rock the lever arms having said deflected ends, over to
the position shown in Fig. 9, setting the mutes open as shown in that figure; and
when the stops are thus pulled out to their limit, the lower ends of the levers H
rest against said deflected ends h, respectively, in such position as to lock the levers
respectively against return, as seen in Fig. 10; that is, pressure of the curved end
of the lever arm is directed against the lever H, either directly end wise,-toward
the fulcrum of the lever,-or a little past the centre, so that such pressure cannot.
rock the lever in such direction as to draw in the stops. When the stops are
pushed in a little distance, the ends of the levers H' reach a point on the deflected
ends such that the pressure of the mute springs tending to close the mutes is no
onger restrained by the levers H³, but, on the contrary, each lever is itself rocked
by the force of its mute spring and draws in the stop. Light springs Hi-may be
provided to operate upon the levers H, tending to draw the stops inward merely
o insure: promptness of action when the stops are partly pushed in, but they should

page_text: be so light as to be incapable in any event of starting the stops in from the position
shown in Fig. 9.
I have illustrated a construction of the organ case, which is adapted to be
collapsed so as to occupy the smallest possible space in transportation, and this
feature I will now describe.
The standards C C, for the purpose of adapting the organ to be collapsed, are
formed each in four sections; the upper section, which is rigid with the storage
bellows; the lower section, c', which is rigid with the base A; and two equal inter-
mediate sections, e² and 3, which are hinged respectively to the upper and lower
sections and c', so as to fold inward therefrom, and are hinged at their abutting
ends to permit the same folding movement. The abutting ends of all these
sections of the standards C are furnished with suitable packing of leather or rubber
or felt c, so that when the standards are straightened up, air tight joints are made
at said abutting ends. The height of the lower section c¹ is as great as the vertical
dimension of the pedal bellows when collapsed to the utmost, and the upper section
extends down to the plane to which the bottom of the storage bellows can be moved
upward in the collapse of said bellows, so that when the standards are collapsed, as
in Fig. 13, to the extent that the equal sections c² and clic prone, one above the
other, the pedal bellows is collapsed above them, and the entire case and bellows
occupy the least possible vertical extent.
An enclosing case, which may be finished cabinet work or merely a rough
packing case, according to the mode of use of the organ, may be secured to the
Such
base A, and extend high enough to enclose the entire organ when collapsed.
a case is represented in the drawings. VV are the ends; V, the back; V, the
top, and V, the front of such case. The ends and back are secured rigidly to the
base outside the folding standards. The top is hinged to the upper edge of
the back V, and the front V³ is hinged to that edge of the top which is the
forward edge when the case is closed and the rear and lower edge when the case is
open, and the top and back, as is necessary, are folded back as seen in Fig. 1.
When the organ is collapsed, the top is folded over above the action and the
manual, and the front folded down forward of the manual and bellows and suitably
fastened at the forward edge of the base. Suitable cabinet work, W, may enclose
the upper part of the organ comprising the action, such cabinet work being of such
dimensions as to pass within the rigid case which is secured to the base A. when the
organ is collapsed. In order to lock the standards fixedly in any position, 1
provide the brace or locking bar X, which is of such length as to extend from end
to end between the standards at their middle joint between the parts and c³, when
they are erect, and preventing the buckling of those joints inward. This locking bar
is connected by a lever arm or frame X' to the back V of the case, such frame or
arm being hinged to said back, so that when the organ is collapsed, it may hang
down close to the back, not protruding at any point forward of the forward surface
of the marginal cleats which are secured upon the inner surface of said back V, to
stiffen and strengthen the same. The said locking bar and its connections to the
frame are therefore entirely out of the way of the portion of the organ which is
telescoped within the case when the organ is collapsed, but when it is-erect, the
locking bar is thrown up to the position shown in Fig. 1. The bar is long enough
so that it binds tightly between the two standards in this position for two purposes,---
first, to insure the tight closing of the standard at the hinge joints to prevent any
leakage of air thereat, and second, to prevent the locking bar from dropping down.
Both for the sake of preventing the weight of the action and the upward pressure
of the bellows springs from a tendency which they would otherwise have to strain
the cover in the handling and shipment of the organ in its collapsed condition, as
well as for the purpose of making it possible to dispense with the cover and adapt
the organ to be collapsed and secured in collapsed condition regardless of the
enclosing case, hooks Z Z may be provided, and eyes Z Z1 adapted for the engage-
ment of such hooks, secured respectively to the base and to the action frame, so
that they may be engaged when the standards are collapsed, and the action base

page_text: and frame are nearest together, thereby locking them in such relation. Many
obvious equivalents of the hooks and eyes may be devised and substituted without
departing from the essential feature, to wit, locking the base and action frame
together at collapsed position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a reed organ, the valves which control the reeds seating against the air
pressure by which the reeds are operated and weighted to adapt them to be scated
by gravity only: substantially as set forth.
2. In a reed organ, the valves which control the reeds seating against the air
pressure by which the reeds are operated and weighted to adapt them to be seated
by gravity only, the manual keys, and the levers by which they operate the valves,
the distance of the weights on said valves from the hinges of the valves being pro-
portional to the leverage of their respective keys, whereby the touch of long and
short-keys is equalized: substantially as set forth.
3. In an organ, in combination with the manual keys, the valve-operating levers
actuated by said keys provided with counter-weights on their ends remote from
the keys to counter-balance the weight of the latter and uphold the .keys
independently of the pressure which seats the valve substantially as set forth.
4. In an organ, in combination with the manual, the valve-operating levers and
the valves operated thereby, the levers having on their arms remote from the keys,
plungers to operate, said valves, said plungers being in the form of weights to
counter-balance the keys: substantially as set forth.
5. In combination with the valves adapted to seat by gravity only and weighted
for that purpose, the levers which actuate them and the keys of the manual which
actuate the levers, said levers being weighted on their arms remote from the keys
to counterbalance the latter; substantially as set forth.
6. In a reed organ comprising a plurality of series of reed chambers corre-
sponding to the same series of operating keys, the reed chambers of the several
séries all opening endwise at the. same horizontal plane, corresponding individuals
of the several series being in line fore-and-aft, in combination with valves extending
fore-and-aft over the ends of corresponding individuals of the several series,
and weighted to cause them to seat by gravity thereover: substantially as set
forth.
7. In a reed organ comprising a plurality of reeds and reed chambers corre-
sponding to the same series of operating keys, the corresponding individuals of the
several series terminating endwise at the same plane and converging from their
ends remote from said plane, and the valves which control them seating at said
plane, whereby the valved throats or mouths of said chambers are brought into a
limited compass while their opposite ends may be expanded to accommodate the
vibration of the reeds substantially as set forth.
8. In a reed organ, the reed chambers of each series which corresponds to a
series of operating keys located side by side and terminating end wise at the same.
plane and individually valved at said. plane said chambers.. varying in length
according to the length of their respective reeds; and the mute pertaining to such
series at the opposite ends of said chambers extending in a direction inclined to the
plane of the individually valved ends: substantially as set forth.
9. In a reed organ, in combination with a principal set of reed chambers, a set of
sub-bass chambers parallel with the principal set; valves of the principal set and
valves of the sub-bass set; the valves of one of said sets having respectively rigid
extensions which directly engage the corresponding valves of the other.set;
whereby the principal set operate the sub-bass set: substantially as set forth.
10. In a reed organ, in combination with a series of reed chambers pertaining to
a given series of keys of the manual;, a further series of reeds located parallel.with
the first series, the individuals of the second series being wider than the individuals

page_text: ofttle first series, whereby saidt second series occupies greater extent. parallel with:
the manual than the first series and corresponding individuals are successively from
a cselected point more and more out of fore-and-aft line; the valves which pertain
to one of said series of chambers having respectively rigid oblique extensions which
directly engage the corresponding valves of the other series: substantially as set
forth..
11: In a reed organ, in combination with a principal set of reed chambers, a set
of sub-bass chambers parallel with the principal set; the valves of the sub-bass set
being hinged at their rear ends and having rigid extensions which overhang
respectively the valves of the principal set, whereby the latter operate the former:
substantially as set forth.
12. In a reed organ, the manual keys and the levers which they actuate to
operate their respective reeds, the octave coupling levers mounted on a coupling
board and having one arm lodged above the forward ends of the manual levers of
the keys to be coupled respectively; and the other arın projecting freely under the
keys respectively with which the coupling is to be effected, the coupling board
being hinged at its edge proximate to the vertical plane of lodgment of the coupling
levers on the manual levers; and the stop action pertaining to said coupling board:
substantially as set forth.
13. In an organ, in combination with the mutes, lever arms by which they are
operated located outside of the chamber in which the mutes are situated, said lever
arms having deflected ends; the stop rods and the levers H5 operated thereby
and engaging the deflected ends of the mute-operating lever arms: substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
14. In an organ, in combination with the pedal bellows and the storage bellows,
the standards which support the action constituting also the air conduits from the
pedal bellows to the storage bellows, said conduits consisting of sections hinged
together and adapted to collapse inwardly; the abutting ends of such sections
having yielding packing to adapt them to make air-tight junctions when erect:
substantially as set forth.
15.In an organ, the base, and the action-supporting standards adapted to
collapse to lower the action toward the base; combined with a case having ends
and back rigid with the base and extending high enough to enclose the action when
the standards are collapsed, and a removable cover: substantially as set forth.
16. In an organ, the base, and the action-supporting standards adapted to
collapse to lower the action toward the base; combined with a case having ends
and back rigid with the base; and the cover hinged to the upper edge of the back:
substantially as set forth.
17. In a blast organ, in combination with the storage bellows, springs which are
both collapsible and extensible connected to the bellows and adapted normally to
hold the bellows partly collapsed, whereby they both resist the expansion of the
bellows and cushion its collapse: substantially as set forth.
18. In a blast organ, in combination with the storage bellows, helical springs
connected fixedly at one end and connected at the other end to the fluctuating side
of the bellows; said springs adapted to be compressed and extended, and at their
normal position of no tension holding the bellows partly collapsed: substantially as
set forth..
19.. Insa blast organ, the storage bellows divided horizontally between its top
and bottom sides; the helical springs E E, located within the lower section of the
bellows, connected at their upper ends to the bar E', which is rigid with the fixed
portion of the lower section; and at the lower ends to the fluctuating side of the
bellows substantially as set forth.
:
20. In an organ, in combination with the action frame, the pedal bellows, the
storage bellows, the base which supports the pedal bellows, the standards which
support the action frame and connect it to the base, said base and standards-con-
stituting the air conduit from the pedal bellows to the storage bellows,-and-being
composed of sections hinged, together and adapted to collapse inwardly, and suitable

page_text: means for locking the action frame to the base when the standards are collapsed:
substantially as set forth.
Dated this 19th day of Anril 180V
MELVILLE CLARK,
By Herbert & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents to Applicant.