IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MILKING Cows.
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MILKING Cows.'-A communi-
cation from abroad by L. O. Colvin, of Cincinnatus, in the County of
Cortlandt. State of New York and Limited States of America
caled the 8th March 1861, and dated the 27th October 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th October 1860.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MILKING Cows," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a single-acting suction pump
attached to a pail and the whole apparatus so constructed as to be easily
connected to or disconnected from a
The machine is so arranged
one.
as to produce an effect upon the cow resembling that produced by the
calf in sucking, only operating upon the four teats at once instead of but
The pail may be made of any shape or size and of any material.
Upon one side is a sort of spout provided with a socket into which the pump
fits. One half of the top of the pail may be covered permanently and the
other half either open or provided with a moveable cover. The pump consists
of two distinct conical chambers placed with the smaller ends towards each
other. The two chambers are retained at the proper distance apart by a
support which is placed at the upper edge of the chambers, and forms the top

page_text: of a central chamber. The pump thus constructed fits upon the socket on the
pail and forms a cover. The central chamber communicates with the conical
chambers or pumps by small openings covered by a valve. The valve covering
these openings consists of a slip of india-rubber held in a proper position to
cover them by means of a spring or any other convenient device. These
valves are, of course, upon the inside, and open into the chamber. To the
outer base of the pump chamber is fitted a diaphragm of india-rubber or any like
substance, which, when put on, lies closely against the interior of the chamber.
Metallic discs are placed upon each side of this diaphragm at its centre and are
connected by a screw, so that they form as it were a clamp. The outer end of
the screw is provided with a hole or eye, into which the lever of the pump is
hooked; the other chamber is constructed in a similar manner, and each of
these chambers is made to communicate with two teats of the cow. For that
purpose each chamber is provided with two openings provided with a short
pipe, having a socket on the top. The teat cup is connected with this socket
and the joint thus formed being covered with a small piece of india-rubber
tube forms a ball-and-socket joint, thereby permitting the teat cups to be
approached together or moved apart as may be necessary to fit the cow. The
teat cup consists of a conical shaped cup, upon the interior of which are fitted
rings about half an inch or so apart, and about an eighth of an inch wide.
These rings are square on their edges and their use is to fit the end of the different
sized teats and to keep them from slipping in or out, and at the same time to
form a more perfectly air-tight joint between the teat and the cup. The pumps
are operated by two levers, the fulcrum of the lever being between their handles
and their connection with the pump; therefore in operating the pump the
levers will work in opposite directions, counterbalance each other, and render
the bucket more stable. To the top of the pail are secured two uprights upon
which the bucket of the levers slides up and down, so that the handles may
inclined upward or downward as may be most convenient to the operator in
milking.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 27th April 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County S
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her special license. that. I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, admors., and assigns, or such others as
1. the said William Edward Newton. my executors. administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MILKING Cows," being a communication from
abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Edward
Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention of improved apparatus for milking cows consists in the
employment of a single-acting suction pump, which is attached to a pail, and
the whole apparatus is so constructed as to be easily connected to or
disconnected from a cow. The machine is so arranged as to produce an
effect upon the cow resembling that produced by the calf in sucking,
except that it operates upon the four teats at once instead of only
on one. The pail may be made of any shape or size and of any suitable
material.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a pail with the
milking apparatus adapted thereto; Fig. 2 is a top view of the same; Fig. 3
is a vertical longitudinal section; Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section of part
of the milking apparatus, and Fig. 5 is a section of the teat cups. Upon one
side is a sort of spout A provided with a socket into which the pump herein-
after described fits, one half of the top of the pail may be covered permanently
and the other half either left open or provided with a moveable cover. The
pump consists of two distinct conical chambers B, B'. These chambers are

page_text: They are con-
placed with the smaller bases towards each other, and at a short distance (say
about two inches) apart from each other. The two chambers are retained at
the proper distance apart by the support C, which is attached to the upper
edge of the chambers and forms the top of the chamber D. The pump thus
constructed fits upon the socket on the pail, and forms a cover to the chamber
D which is in communication with the pail. The chamber D also communicates
with the conical chamber B, B'. by small circular openings placed side by
side and covered by a valve, as shewn at e, e, in Fig. 3. The valve covering
these openings consists of a slip of india-rubber held in a proper position to
cover them by means of a spring or any other convenient device. These
valves are of course placed upon the inside. and open into the chamber D.
To the outer bases of the chambers B. B'. are fitted diaphragms of india-
rubber or any like substance. These diaphragms are similar in shape to the
chambers B, B, and when put on they lie closely against the interior of
the chamber. The rims of the chambers are provided with a slight flange,
which prevents the diaphragm from slipping off. The metallic discs h, I.
are placed upon each side of this diaphragm at its centre.
nected by a screw so that they form as it were a clamp. The outer end of
the screw is provided with a hole or eye into which the lever of the pump
is hooked. Each of these chambers is made to connect with two teats of
the cow.
For that purpose each chamber B and B is provided with two
openings, as shewn in the Drawing at X, X, each opening being about half an
inch in diameter and provided with a short pipe having a socket on the top.
The teat cup is connected with this socket, and the joints thus formed being
covered with a small piece of india-rubber tube forms an universal or flexible
joint, thereby permitting the teat cups to be approached together or moved apart
as may be necessary to fit the cow. The teat cup consists of a conical shaped
cup about three and a half inches long, its smallest diameter is about
half an inch, its largest diameter about one inch and a quarter or one
inch and a half. Upon the interior of this cup are fitted rings m, m, m,
about half an inch or so apart and about an eighth of an inch thick.
These rings are square on their edges, and their use is to fit the end of
the different sized teats and to keep them from slipping in and out and at
the same time to form a more perfectly air-tight joint between the teat and
the cup. The pumps are operated by two levers y, y, the fulcrum of the lever
being between their handles and their connection with the pump. Therefore
in operating the pump, the levers will work in opposite directions, and thereby
counterbalance each other and render the bucket more stable. To the top of
the pail are secured two uprights p, p, upon which the fulcrum of the levers

page_text: slides up and down, so that the handles may incline upward or downward as
may be most convenient to the operator in milking. The brace o attached to
the cover and to the cross piece by which the two uprights are connected forms
a very convenient handle by which the pail may be carried. The levers are
fastened to the diaphragms by being hooked into the holes at the end of the
screws which secure the plates h, h. The pump may be permanently fastened
to the pail, but for convenience of washing, it is better to make it so that it
may be removed at pleasure.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-The operator takes the pail
by the handle, goes to the cow, sits upon the stool, taking the pail between his
knees, adjusts it to the cow, and as the levers are drawn together the milk will
be drawn from the cow into the pump chambers B, B', and as the diaphragms
return to their position the milk will be forced from the chambers B, B¹
through the valves e, e, and chamber D into the pail. By continuing to vibrate
the levers, the same effect is again produced, and so on, until all the milk is
drawn from the cow. It will be understood that the suction is not steady but
intermittent, and thus imitates the natural suction by a calf.
Having now described the improved apparatus for milking cows, and having
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I claim as the Invention secured to me by
Letters Patent,-
First, the construction of a conical teat tube k with rings m, m, m, in the
manner and for the purpose as described.
Second, the mode herein set forth of joining the teat tube to the pump.
Third, the combination of the teat tube k, levers y, y, and the pump, the
whole being connected with a pail, in the manner and for the purpose herein
set forth.
Fourth, the mode herein set forth of constructing the valves, for the
purpose above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)