IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULD CANDLES AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Field, of the Firm of J. C. & J. Field,
of Upper Marsh, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULD CANDLES AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR."-Partly a communication from abroad by
Sealed the 7th July 1874, and dated the 12th May 1874.
I, ARTHUR FIELD, of the Firm of J. C. and J. Field, of Upper Marsb,
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULD CANDLES
And in APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:-

page_text: as described in the Specification to J. L. Field's Patent, dated the 3rd
December 1861, No. 3032, the chief object of the present improvements
being to facilitate the withdrawal of that part of the mould which forms
the tapering end, and to avoid the waste of wick which occurs in the
manufacture, as at present conducted.
According to one of the present improvements the upper part of the
candle mould (which corresponds to the lower end of the candle) is
enlarged to a greater diameter than the rest of the mould, and in this
enlarged part is fitted a separate removeable mould for the tapering end
of the candle, such mould being divided longitudinally into two or more
parts, so that when the candle after being cast is raised up out of the
mould, the said divided mould for the tapering end is raised up with it
out of the enlarged part of the mould and is then removed from the
candle and replaced in the said enlarged part ready for casting the next
candle.
According to another improvement the candle is cast without a wick
but on a central core which forms a hole in the candle for the wick to
be inserted after the candles have been removed from the moulds. In
this case the mould for the tapering end is arranged in a similar manner
to that above described, but does not require to be divided, as it can be
lifted off the end of the candle when the latter is removed from the
mould.
The before-mentioned core may either be fixed in the lower end of the
mould or in a plate below the same, the piston which pushes the candle
out of the mould having a hole through which the core passes; or the
core may be inserted and withdrawn from the top of the mould.
For inserting the wick into the candle it is attached to the end of a
thin rod or wire which is passed through the hole in the candle, the
wick being drawn through after it. A number of candles may con-
veniently be strung on to a length of wick by this means, and the wick
is then severed between the candles, the lower end of the wick being
secured by rubbing the lower end of the candle on a hot plate.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Arthur Field in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th November 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
FIELD, of the Firm of J. C. and J. Field, of Upper Marsh, Lambeth, in
the County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Arthur Field, Her special license.
that I, the said Arthur Field, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur Field, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULD CANDLES AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," the
result partly of a communication to me from abroad by Reinhold
Wuenschmann, of Leipzig, Saxony, and partly of an Invention made by
myself, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Arthur
Field, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Field, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that
is to say:
This Invention relates to improvements in the method of and apparatus
for manufacturing mould candles having their lower ends made taper, as

page_text: described in the Specification to J. L. Field's Patent, dated the 3rd
December 1861, No. 3032, the chief object of the present improvements
being to facilitate the withdrawal of that part of the mould which forms
the tapering end, and to avoid the waste of wick which occurs in the
manufacture as at present conducted.
According to one of the present improvements the upper part of the
candle mould (which corresponds to the lower end of the candle) is
enlarged to a greater diameter than the rest of the mould, and in this
enlarged part is fitted a separate removeable mould for the tapering end
of the candle, such mould being divided longitudinally into two or more
parts, so that when the candle after being cast is raised up out of the
mould the said divided mould for the tapering end is raised up with it
out of the enlarged part of the mould and is then removed from the
candle and replaced in the said enlarged part ready for casting the next
candle.
Fig. 1 on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings represents a vertical
section of a candle mould arranged in this manner; and Fig. 2 represents
a plan of the upper part of the mould. The mould tube A. is made with
its upper part enlarged at B, in which enlarged part is inserted the
mould for the end of the candle made in two or more pieces C, C.
When the candle after it has set is pushed up by the piston D the
and
mould C, C, is raised with it, as indicated by the dotted lines c, c,
the separate parts of the mould are removed, leaving the end of the
candle moulded to the taper fluted or other desired form.
In
According to another improvement the candle is cast without a wick
but on a central core which forms a hole in the candle for the wick to
be inserted after the candles have been removed from the moulds.
this case the mould for the tapering end is arranged in a similar manner
to that above described, but does not require to be divided as it can be
lifted off the end of the candle when the latter is removed from the
mould.
The before-mentioned core may either be fixed in the lower end of the
mould or in a plate below the same, the piston which pushes the candle
out of the mould having a hole through which the core passes; or the
core may be inserted and withdrawn from the top of the mould.
Fig. 3 represents a vertical section of a candle mould arranged in this
manner.
A is the tube of the mould with its top arranged for a mould,.

page_text: such as is shewn in Fig. 1, the mould C for the taper end in this case
not requiring division. The piston D, whereby the candle is pushed
from the mould tube, is made tubular as usual for the passage of the
wick, but instead of the wick a rod E fixed to a plate or frame F passes
through the piston and extends up the whole length of the mould.
When the candle has set in the mould, the piston D being raised while
the core rod E remains stationary, the candle is pushed out, having a
central hole through it for the reception of the wick. Or the core rod
may be first withdrawn from the mould by moving the plate F down-
wards, and the candle then be pushed out by the piston.
For inserting the wick into the candle it is attached to the end of a
thin rod or wire which is passed through the hole in the candle, the
wick being drawn through after it. A number of candles may con-
veniently be strung on to a length of wick by these means and the wick
is then severed between the candles, the lower end of the wick being
secured by rubbing the lower end of the candle on a hot plate.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I claim,-
First. The use for moulding the taper ends of candles, of a mould
tube enlarged in diameter at its upper end and fitted in the enlarged
part with a mould for the end of the candle arranged and operating, sub-
stantially as herein described.
Second. The method, substantially as herein described, of casting
taper ended candles with a central hole for the reception of the wick to
be inserted after casting.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Field, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.