Improvements in Guards or Fenders for Tramway Vehicles and the like.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Aug., 1899-Accepted, 2nd Dec., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Guards or Fenders for Tramway Vehicles and
the like.
I, GEORGE HIrwood, of 420, Columbus Avenue, in the City of Boston, County
of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, United States of America, Wood-Carver,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:—
This invention relates to guards or fenders adapted particularly for use on
tramway vehicles propelled by electricity, cable or other power aside from horse
power; and it relates more particularly to fenders which consist of two por-
tions, one of which protects the dash-board, and when not in use can be folded
down upon the main or other portion of the fender and the whole slid under
the car.
This invention or improvement relates in its different parts to the construc-
tion and arrangement of the connections between the fender proper and the car-
body whereby the supports for the fender are secured to the inner sides of the
sills, thus enabling the fender in its horizontal movement to clear all possible
equipments of the car, and other results are attained, the rail supported by the
hangers and on which the bars extending up from the fender move being adjust-
able as to height; an improved contrivance whereby the fender is automatically
locked and prevented from longitudinal movement when the bunter-guard or
dash-board protector is up, and automatically unlocked when the hunter-guard
is down so that the fender can be slid under the car; an improved mechanism
for holding the front edge of the fender down upon the ground when the fender
is released by the motor-man: an improved arrangement for locking the fender
in a position slightly raised from the ground and for releasing the same; and
other combinations and arrangements of mechanism, all as fully described
below, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of my improved fender applied to
a car, a portion of the body of which is shown.
Figure 2 is an enlarged plan of a portion of the fender, a part of one of the
shoes and other parts of the fender being represented as broken out.
Figure 3 is an enlarged longitudinal vertical section of one of the shoes.
Figure 4 is a detail in longitudinal vertical section and elevation illustrating
the releasing mechanism.
Figure 5 is a sectional detail taken on line 5. Fig. 1.
Figure 6 is a sectional detail taken on line 6, Fig. 1.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts:
In the drawing the fender is shown in its normal position, that is to say, with
its front edge slightly raised from the track.
1 represents a portion of the car-body: 2. the sills: 3, the platform: 4, the
bunter: 5. the dash-board; 6, the end posts for the same, and 7, the wheels, all
constructed as usual.

page_text: a, a represent vertical hangers bolted to the inner sides of the sills 2 on
opposite sides of the car-body. To each pair of these hangers is secured hori-
zontally a rail a¹.
A, A represent the horizontal, parallel, front and rear bars, and A" the end
bars, constituting the rectangular frame of the fender proper, said frame being
pivotally secured at A¹ to and tilting with relation to the forward ends of the
portions B of frames intermediate between the fender and the rails a¹ and
which are adapted to move horizontally under the car. Each of these frames
consists of the main central horizontal portion B extending parallel with the
rear bar A of the fender, the forwardly extending arm B, the parallel shorter
arm B, the vertical portion B, and the rearwardly extending horizontal por-
tion 6 from whose rear end extend upward and downward respectively the por-
tions 66. See Figures 1, 2, 5 and 6. All the parts of these intermediate
frames with the exception of the arms B and B are underneath the car body
or platform thereof. Mounted on a stud extending horizontally outward from
the upper end of the portion B₁11 of each of said frames or brackets, is a
grooved wheel C which rests on the upper surface or edge of the track a¹ on
that side; and mounted on a stud extending from the outer side of the por-
tion is a similar wheel C which is in contact with the under side of the
rail a¹. See Figures 1 and 5.
Similarly mounted, and supported by the portions B11 and 61 of the frame,
opposite the wheels C and C₁, that is to say, below and above them respectively,
and bearing on the opposite sides of the rail a', are small rollers C", so that the
weight of the fender supported by the intermediate frames bears against the
large wheels C and C, while the small rollers C are merely anti-friction
rollers sustaining little pressure.
On each of the rails a' near its forward end is a structure D (Fig. 5)
which has a central opening whereby it surrounds and is enabled to slide on
the rail. This slide is provided on its under side with downwardly extending
projections D. Figures 5 and 6. Set-screws D extend up through the por-
tions D' against the under side of the rail and hold the slide in the desired
position thereon. A spring E has its rear end secured at E to the portion b
of the intermediate frame and extends forward as shown in Figures and 6,
and is provided at its forward or free end with a bolt E¹. This spring is bent
inward as shown at e and e¹, so that the main portion of the spring is substan-
tially parallel with the part b and at quite a distance therefrom. The frame
of the bunter-guard comprises the end bars F, upper bar F¹ and lower bar ",
which support the springs F111_the construction of the same not being new in
this invention. These end bars F are formed at their lower ends with feet f
which are pivoted at f¹ to the side bars All of the main portion of the fender.
See Figures 1 and 2. H, H are bars whose outer ends are pivotally secured
at Hto the inner sides of the lower portions of the bars F. These bars H
curve inwardly as shown in Figure 2 and upwardly as shown in Figure 1, and
their rear ends are provided with the longitudinal slots H¹, as indicated in
Figure 6. Moreover the rear end of each said bar H is formed with an
inwardly and horizontally projecting lip H. When the fender is extended
into position for use and the bunter-guard is raised, as shown in Figure 1, the
bolts E extend from the forward portions of the springs E through the
slots H', openings 6111 in the portions 6 and into the notches or recesses formed
by the downwardly extending projections D¹. Thus the fender is locked so
that it cannot be pushed back under the car. When it is desired to fold the
fender and push it under the car, the bunter-guard is swung down, with the
effect that the pivots H₁ pull forward the curved bars H, such movement
being allowed by the slots H therein, until the lips H reach the bends e in
the springs E and force the forward ends of the springs inward into the posi
tion indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 6. This withdraws the bolts from between
the projections D', but not from the openings or slots H', and the entire

page_text: fender can be pushed back under the car, the wheels C and C¹ running on the
rails a. Thus the fender is locked or unlocked automatically as the bunter-
guard is swung up or down.
I is a horizontal rod, preferably tubular, extending through suitable open-
ings in the arms B and rigidly secured at its opposite ends to the arms B¹.
Figures 2 and 6. I¹ is a collar centrally secured adjustably to this rod by
means of a set-screw I111 and provided with a horizontally bored rearward
extension [11. J, J are two hubs or sleeves on said rod I, but not rigidly
secured thereto, each of which is provided with a pawl J which extends for-
ward under the rear bar A¹ of the main portion of the fender. These hubs or
sleeves are located between the collar I and the portions B₁ of the frames B,
and each is furthermore provided with a rearwardly and upwardly extending
hook J See Figure 2. A spring K extends through the bore in the exten-
sion I of the collar I, and through the hooked portions J, and the opposite
ends of said spring lie under the arms B. When the bunter-guard is swung
up and is locked into position in the manner described below, this spring K
by bearing down upon the hooks J" each of which really constitutes the short
arm of a lever of which J is the long arm-holds up the rear portion of the
body of the fender and hence lowers the front portion. When however the
bunter-guard is folded down upon the main portion of the fender, the rear
bar A of said portion is forced down against the power of the pawls J¹ and
spring K by means of a contrivance (not new in this invention) at each end of
the fender, such contrivance consisting of a sleeve g on the bar I between the
arms B and B", a hub g¹ fast on said sleeve, an arm g₁₁ integral with said hub
and connected at its outer end by a link h with the pivot H to which the for-
ward end of the arm H is connected. and a horn or cam h¹ whose outer end is
adapted to engage the pin 4 extending inwardly from the rearward extensions
of the end bars A". See Figures 1 and 2. It is evident that when the bunter-
guard is lowered, the links h pull forward the arms g, and hence swing down
the cams or horns which bear upon the pins and lower the rear portion
of the fender proper, raising of course, the forward portion. Additional open-
ings in the hangers, a render the rail a adiustable as to height, in order
that the fender may be adapted to different conditions and styles of cars.
The shoes L tilt on the horizontal bars L' (Figures 1 and 3) each of said
bars being supported by a pair of horizontal rods which are supported by
and slide in the bars A and A¹ of the fender proper, and are connected at their
rear ends by a rod . A spiral spring extends centrally between the pair
of rods and has its ends secured to the bar A and the connecting rod 1. and
thus holds the shoe normally forward. The forward ends of each pair of rods !
support a substantially horizontal frame which consists of the main portion N
and the extension N¹, said main portion directly connecting and being sup-
ported by the rods 1, the whole being provided with an opening N", and the
extension holding up the forward end of the shoe. A double spring n has its
central portion secured to a suitable pin or bolt n¹ (Figures 2 and 3), and its
ends bear against a block or protuberance n (Figure 3) secured transversely
and horizontally to the under side of the rear portion of the shoe L. Between
the two portions of the doubly coiled spring n, a single spring n¹11 lies, the
forward end of said spring being secured to the pin or bolt n¹. and the rear end
extending beyond the shoe and up against the under or rear side of the wing m
which is secured to a frame m¹ pivotally attached at m¹ to the sides of the shoe.
See Figures 2 and 3. The springs n hold the rear ends of the shoes up and
hence the forward ends normally down as far as the extensions N¹ allow and
the springs n hold the wings m normally up, and when a body falls upon the
fender the wings are pressed down by said body and bridge the space between
the shoes and the fender proper, and if the body rolls onto the fender proper
the wings return to their normal position and act as stops to prevent it from
rolling forward onto the shoes. The opposite ends of the rolls r, r¹ (not new

page_text: in this invention) have their bearings in swinging bars whose forward ends
are pivotally secured at t¹ to the sides of the shoes L, and whose rear ends are
formed up into the portions provided with series of perforations 111, whereby
said rear ends may be adjustably secured as to height by means of bolts 1 to
the sides of the shoes: thus enabling the rollers to be lifted in case the road-
bed is unusually rough. See Figure 3.
In applying a mechanism to the car for locking the bunter-guard in a raised
position, and releasing it in case of an impending accident for the purpose of
dropping the forward edge of the fender to the ground, it has been found
advisable to devise a contrivance which can be applied and operated without
perforating the dash-board. My improved mechanism for this purpose is illus-
trated in Figures 1 and 4. The bunter is perforated or bored vertically to
receive the vertically moving bolt P beveled at its upper end as indicated at P1,
and provided with a spiral spring P₁ which is confined between the floor of the
bunter and a pin P1 extending from the bolt. The lower portion of the
bolt is provided with a washer or flange R supported by a suitable pin R¹. A
lever S furnished at its upper portion with a suitable knee-pad S111 is pivoted
at T to ears T secured to the platform, and extends from behind the dash-
board down through the opening U in the platform, said openings being larger
at its lower end in order to allow for the swing of the lever and said lever
has its forward end S1 bent forward, and bifurcated at S to embrace the bolt P
above the washer R. Directly behind the bolt Pa hook V is inserted verti-
cally in the bunter and held adjustably therein by means of the set-screw V1.
A ring or loop W (Figure 1) is secured centrally to the bar F¹ and extends
rearwardly therefrom. After the fender has been drawn out in position for
use, the bunter-guard is swung up until its ring or loop W slips over the yield-
ing bolt P and is locked within the hook V. In case of impending accident,
or if the bunter-guard is to be swung down, the holt P is lowered by the
pressure of the knee of the motor-man against the pad S¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
a fender
1. In a fender, supports adapted to be secured to and extend down from the
inner sides of the sills of a car; substantially horizontal rails sustained in a
stationary position by said supports on opposite sides under the car;
frame; and frames or carriages as B intermediate between said supports and
the fender-frame provided with wheels or rollers adapted to run on the upper
and lower edges of the rails, said frames or carriages extending from said rails
downward and outward and provided with forwardly extending arms pivotally
connected with the end bars of the fender-frame, substantially as described.
:
2. In a fender, supports adapted to be secured to and extend down from the
inner sides of the sills of a car: substantially horizontal rails sustained in a
stationary position by said supports on opposite sides under the car; the frames
or carriages running on said rails and each consisting of the horizontal por-
tion provided with the extensions 16, the downwardly extending por-
tions B, the outwardly extending horizontal portions B and the forwardly
extending arms B₁, B" the fender-frame pivotally secured to and between
said arms B¹ and the rod I supported by said arms, substantially as set forth.
3. In a fender, supports adapted' to be secured to and extend down from a car-
body; the rails sustained by said supports; the slides D) each formed on its
lower side with a recess or socket: the frames or carriages running on said
rails and pivotally supporting the fender, each said frame or carriage being
provided with the hole 1; the springs E secured at their rear ends to the
frames or carriages, bent centrally inward from said frames or carriages
and provided at their forward ends with the bolts E¹ extending through
said holes and normally into said recesses; the main fender-frame: the

page_text: bunter-guard pivotally secured to and swinging up from said fender-frame; and
the bars H pivotally secured at their forward ends to the frame of the bunter-
guard, provided with slots H through which said bolts extend, and at their rear
ends with the inwardly projecting lips H" for engagement with said spring,
substantially as described.
4. In a fender of the character described, carriages adapted to be supported
and run on rails under the car-body and provided with the downward exten-
sions Band forwardly extending arms B, B; the horizontal rod or shaft I
supported by said arms; the fender frame pivotally sustained between the outer
ends of the arms B; the pawls or levers J, J mounted on said rod I and
provided with the rearwardly extending arms or hooks J, the portions J¹ of
said pawls or levers extending under the rear edge of the fender-frame; the
collar rigidly secured centrally to the rod I; and the spring K extending
from said collar outwardly through or into engagement with the hooks or
arms J and under the arms B, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. In a fender, the substantially horizontal fender-frame; the shoes L sup-
ported thereby and sliding horizontally with relation thereto; the pairs of
swinging bars pivotally secured at their forward ends to the inner surfaces
of the sides of the shoes and formed at their rear ends with the upwardly
extending portions each provided with a series of perforations; means for
attaching said rear ends to the sides of the shoes and swinging or adjusting
them vertically with relation thereto; and the rollers r, rl supported by said
bars, substantially as described.
!
6. In a fender of the character described, the fender-frame; the shoes L;
the rods extending from the fender-frame and pivotally supporting said shoes
in front of the frame; the wings m pivotally secured to the shoes and extend-
ing upward and rearward therefrom; the frames N provided with the central
openings N and with the extensions N¹ bearing against the under sides of the
shoes, said frames being supported by the rods ; the springs n extending from
the under sides of said frames through said openings and bearing against the
under surfaces of the shoes; and the springs extending from the under
sides of said frames and with the rear ends bearing against the under sides of
the wings, substantially as set forth.
7. In a fender comprising a substantially horizontal fender-frame and a sub-
stantially vertical bunter-guard hinged to and extending up from said fender-
frame, in combination, the bunter-guard: the platform, dashboard and bunter 4
of a car, the bolt P extending up through the bunter and held normally up by
a spring the hook V held rigidly in the bunter in relation with said bolt;
and the lever S, S¹ extending from above the platform behind the dash-board
down through the platform, under the dash-board and in engagement with said
bolt, said bunter-guard being provided with a suitable device for engaging with
the bolt, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Tate this 101 £
1000
GEORGE HIPWOOD).
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.