matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLIED TO THE WORN BOLT HOLES OF RAILWAY CHAIRS, WHEREBY CHAIRS WHICH WOULD OTHERWISE BE THROWN OUT OF USE MAY BE AGAIN FIXED TO THE SLEEPERS AS IF THEY WERE NEW."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1878. A communication from
abroad by Jean Reignier, fils, of Perigueux (Dordogne), France, Engine Builder.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, London, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLIED TO
THE WORN BOLT HOLES OF RAILWAY CHAIRS, WHEREBY CHAIRS WHICH WOULD
OTHERWISE BE THROWN OUT OF USE MAY BE AGAIN FIXED TO THE SLEEPERS AS
IF THEY WERE NEW." A communication from abroad by Jean 'Reignier, fils, of
Perigueux (Dordogne), France, Engine Builder.
35
This Invention relates to the transformation of the worn holes of old railway
chairs, so that such old chairs may be again fixed to the sleepers as if they were-
new ones.
•
The cast-iron chairs which support the rails used on railways have holes, through
which pass bolts, pins, keys, or other fastenings, fixing them to the wooden sleepers.
By wear these holes enlarge, and the bolts become thinner, so that too great a gap
is formed between these pieces, and it becomes necessary to renew them, because
they might permit the chair to slip upon the sleeper, thereby altering the guage
between the rails, so that trains could no longer run over them with safety.
The object of the improvements forming the subject of this Invention is to make
old cast-iron chairs, the holes in which have become oval by wear (as shown at
Figure 4 of the accompanying Sheet of Drawing), fit to be used again instead of
being thrown aside, as is now the case.
These improvements consist in rounding the holes which have become oval as.
aforesaid (in the manner shown, Figure 3), boring the edges funnel-wise, or tapering
on both sides and driving into them an iron or steel ring, which will restore them to
their original shape and dimensions as though the chairs were quite new (see
Figures 1, 2, and 5 of the Drawing).

page_text: For want of the ring above mentioned the enlarged holes might be stopped with
a solid iron or other metal plug (see Figure 6), and two new holes be drilled in the .
base plate of the chair.
These new holes might be bored through the plug itself.
This method of renewal may be applied to all kinds of cast-iron or steel railway
chairs.
After the rings or plugs are forced in they are riveted, so as to adhere exactly to
the inside of the holes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS, AND OF LAMPS FOR USE WHERE INFLAMMABLE GASES ARE PRESENT
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Thomas Gardner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th March 1878.
EDMUND THOMAS GARDNER, of Charing Cross, Middlesex, Lamp Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS, AND OF LAMPS
FOR USE WHERE INFLAMMABLE GASES ARE PRESENT."
This Invention has for its object to prevent the flame of the lamp being brought
into contact with the external air either by being forced through the protecting
wire gauze by the shock of a powder blast, or other explosion, or from being drawn
through the same by the miner himself to light his pipe, or for any other purpose,
as is now frequently done, thereby exposing the pit and its occupants to the most
disastrous risks.
The chief feature of novelty in my improved lamp is the employment of two
metallic cylindrical cases, fitting one over the other over the ordinary metallic inter-
ceptor. Each of such cases have longitudinal rows of suitably-shaped apertures
formed therein, extending up the sides thereof from the bottom to the top, and
when the cases are fitted one over the other they are so arranged that such apertures
are not brought opposite each other, but occur alternately, so that only the solid
wall of the internal case is visible through the apertures formed in the external
one.
In order to ensure the cases being respectively held in proper position I make a
slot or hollow in, or I fit any suitable contrivance to the base of the external one,
and a corresponding projection, pin, or stud, or other suitable contrivance on the
base of the internal one, which fitting into such slot or hollow effectually prevents
the cases altering their relative position to each other from any concussion or shock
which the lamp may sustain when in use.
Instead of such metallic cases being made movable they may, if preferred, either
be affixed to each other or to the frame of the lamp itself in any suitable and con-
venient manner so as to be rendered rigid and immovable.
A suitable ventilating arrangement is provided at the top of each of the metallic
cases.

page_text: By my improved construction of lamp the safety of the pit is ensured, as it is
impossible for the miner to draw out the flame of the lamp for any purpose what-
soever; at the same time when any sudden rush of dangerous gases occurs in the pit
they cannot become ignited by contact with the flame of the lamp, which is
effectually shielded by such metallic cases, as upon any such gases passing through
the apertures formed in the external case they are met and reflected back by the
solid metallic wall of the internal one. All risk is thus avoided of the flame of the
lamp being drawn through the wire gauze by any current of inflammable air, and
thus causing the disastrous effects resulting from combustion and consequent
explosion.
Another improvement is that I increase the illuminating power of the lamp by
employing a flat instead of the ordinary circular wick, thereby obtaining double the
volume of light afforded by the ordinary wick.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STRAINING PAPER PULP, AND IN THE MECHANISM OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Watson and Daniel Macneill
Watson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th March
1878.
ROBERT WATSON, of Linwood, in the County of Renfrew, Paper Manufacturer,
and DANIEL MACNEILL WATSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Paper Mill
Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STRAINING PAPER PULP, AND IN THE MECHANISM
OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
This Invention has reference to an improved mode of and more simple and
efficient means or apparatus than that heretofore in use for sucking or drawing
paper pulp through its strainers and retaining vessels before passing it on to the
travelling gauze of the paper machine.
And the nature and novelty of this Invention consists in producing a suction or
vacuum in either the revolving pulp strainer, fixed strainer, or a vibrating strainer,
by the action of a jet of steam.
In the application to a revolving strainer we propose to attach to the trunion of
the strainer a pipe working in a stuffing box, on which is formed or fixed a body
piece, having inside a nozzle approaching near to a second nozzle, which latter will
at its delivery end expand in a trumpet shape.
The steam will be admitted at the side of the body piece of the apparatus and
pass through the annular space, drawing in the pulp through the trunion and
forcing it out at the opposite end of the apparatus through the expanding throat,
and delivering it either above or below the level of the strainer box.
In this arrangement the quantity of pulp delivered may either be regulated by a
cock graduated on the lever for steam admission, or a float on delivery box may
be used for regulating the steam admission; or the steam nozzle may be made
adjustable in the apparatus, and actuated either by hand or float as already
explained.
Instead of the steam passing into the side of the apparatus it may be admitted
Prins D71

page_text: at the end with a small central nozzle, the pulp then going in at the side and being
delivered at the end.
In the fixed strainer the apparatus will be attached on any convenient part of
the pulp chamber, and deliver the pulp, as in the case of the revolving strainer,
either above or below the level of the pulp in the strainer box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RENDERING CONCRETE, ARTIFICIAL OR NATURAL STONE, WATERPROOF AND AIR-TIGHT
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th January 1878.
WILLIAM SMITH, of 27, Waterloo Road, Dublin, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN RENDERING CONCRETE, ARTIFICIAL OR NATURAL STONE, WATERPROOF AND
AIR-TIGHT."
My Invention consists in bituminising these materials with certain proportions of
pitch and creosote or other heavy oils obtained in the destructive distillation of tar
with or without other combinations. These mixtures are imparted to the concrete
or stone in a hot or cold state, either under the normal atmospheric pressure or any
other greater or lesser pressure.
The proportions of the mixture to be regulated by the amount of pitch, which
the oil can dissolve at the required temperature.
...
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING FIBRES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stubley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1878.
JAMES STUBLEY, of Batley, in the County of York, Manufacturer.
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING FIBRES."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention relates to an improved combination and arrangement of rollers,
cylinder, and doffer, whereby the cylinder and the doffer are cleaned and fettled in
the ordinary working of the machine.
According to this my Invention, I employ in addition to the ordinary rollers of
such machines two or more additional rollers; these are carried upon bearings so
arranged as that one of the additional rollers will work into the teeth of the
cylinder, and another like roller working into the teeth or cards of the doffer; the
additional rollers are provided with long teeth, by preference of hardened steel, placed
in single row or line at intervals of the circumference of the said additional rollers,
or other like cords may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS CARRIAGES FOR THE REVOLVING LENTICULAR APPARATUS OF LIGHTHOUSES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hopkinson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th January 1878.
IN
JOHN HOPKINSON, the younger, of Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer. " IMPROVEMENTS
CARRIAGES FOR THE REVOLVING LENTICULAR APPARATUS OF LIGHTHOUSES, WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
My Invention relates more particularly to what are known as revolving
carriages, which are employed in lighthouses for supporting and traversing the
lenticular apparatus, but is also applicable to other purposes where a like action is
required, and it consists in carrying the antifriction rollers upon which the
supporting frame or carriage proper turns upon pins or spindles formed on or
attached to straps secured to the ring ordinarily employed or the ring itself, in such
a manner that the thrust shall be received by the points of the pins or spindles
which extend inwards for a sufficient depth into the body of the rollers. By means
of this arrangement friction is greatly diminished, and a considerable saving in the
motive power requisite to drive the apparatus is obtained.

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hopkinson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th January 1878.
JOHN HOPKINSON, the younger, of Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARRIAGES FOR THE REVOLVING LENTICULAR APPARATUS OF LIGHTHOUSES, WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
My Invention relates more particularly to what are known as revolving
carriages, which are employed in lighthouses for supporting and traversing the
lenticular apparatus, but is also applicable to other purposes where a like action is
required, and it consists in carrying the antifriction rollers upon which the
supporting frame or carriage proper turns upon pins or spindles formed on or
attached to straps secured to the ring ordinarily employed or the ring itself, in such
a manner that the thrust shall be received by the points of the pins or spindles
which extend inwards for a sufficient depth into the body of the rollers. By means
of this arrangement friction is greatly diminished, and a considerable saving in the
motive power requisite to drive the apparatus is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBRES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Smith, Hartley Greenwood,
and William Henry Knowles, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 3rd October 1878.
LEWIS SMITH, Cotton Manufacturer, HARTLEY GREENWOOD, and WILLIAM HENRY
KNOWLES, Overlookers, all of Halifax, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBRES."
This Invention relates to an improved combination of driving pulleys and
adjusting pulleys for operating or rotating the spindles of machinery aforesaid.
According to this our Invention we employ one endless band carried over driving
pulleys so that each band will drive or ptate four spindles; and in order to obviate
the objection of vibration and slackness, with consequent imperfect and irregular
spinning or twisting, an adjustable stretching pulley is mounted on a slotted
bracket so that the slack of the driving band can easily readily and equally
adjusted and taken up as required; by this means an even and perfect twist is
obtained.
'
IMPROVED APPA- RATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING THE QUANTITY OF LIQUID RAISED BY A BEER ENGINE OR PUMP
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jackson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1878.
WILLIAM JACKSON, of Lytham, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVED APPA-
RATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING THE QUANTITY OF LIQUID RAISED BY A
BEER ENGINE OR PUMP."
This Invention is designed principally for the purpose of enabling publicans,
refreshment bar keepers, and others to ascertain at any time the quantity of beer or
other liquid which has been raised or drawn by a beer engine, but it is also appli-
cable with slight modification for ascertaining the number of strokes of a pump and
consequently the quantity of liquid raised thereby.
Beer engines are so constructed as to raise a half pint at each stroke or pull down
of the lever or handle, and the chief feature of novelty in this Invention is the
registration of each stroke of the handle of the engine and hence the indication of a
number of half pints that have been withdrawn from the hogshead or other vessel.
In connection with the handle or lever of the beer engine I arrange a rod or wire,
and I connect the same to a small click or ratchet in such a way that at each stroke
of the handle the click is caused to take up one tooth of a ratchet wheel.
There is a second click lever on the other side of the ratchet wheel which ensures
the taking up of exactly one tooth and no more at each stroke of the lever.
This ratchet wheel has sixteen teeth and attached to its axis is an index working
on a dial which indicates up to sixteen half pints or one gallon.
Fixed on the same axis is a stud wheel which once in every revolution gives a
ninth part of a revolution to a second axis or spindle on which is fixed an index
working on a second dial with nine divisions, which as each division represents one
revolution of the first index (or one gallon) will indicaté up to nine gallons or a
quarter cask.
On the second axis is a second stud wheel which gives one-twelf of a revolution
each time it revolves to a third axis, on which is fixed an index working on a third

page_text: dial having twelve divisions, which will thus indicate up to twelve quarters or a
butt.
Each stroke of the handle of the beer engine will thus be registered up to one
thousand seven hundred and twenty-eight, the number of half pints in a butt.
In addition to affording a check against the drawer this apparatus will also act 5
as a warning to indicate when the vessel requires tilting.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOCKS AND LATCHES.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jarvis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th April 1878.
«
WILLIAM JARVIS, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Ironmonger. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCKS AND LATCHES.'
دو
This Invention consists in constructing locks and latches in such manner that
they may be opened and closed without turning the knobs. With this view I
work the bolt by means of a pair of lazy arms or jointed levers so arranged and
attached to the lock case and the bolt that pressure upon the knuckle of the lazy
arms causes their expansion and thus shoots the bolt, whilst a spring under one of
the arms returns them to their normal position.
The spindle is furnished with a metal washer bearing on the knuckle of the lazy
arms; on this washer is a second washer of leather just under the rose or ring, and
upon this leather the knob works, so that by pushing the knob on the one side of a
door the lazy arms and bolt are worked, the same operations being performed
by pulling the knob on the other side of the door.
Any suitable locking arrangement may be employed in conjunction with this,
such, for instance, as a wedge and tumbler beneath the bolt operated on by an
ordinary key.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH PEN AND OTHER LIKE HOLDERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Beral Bertram at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August 1878.
LEOPOLD BERAL BERTRAM, of 37, Park. Road, New Wandsworth, in the County
of Surrey, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH PEN AND OTHER
LIKE HOLDERS."
This Invention consists in forming the holder in two or more hollow parts. The
end or ends of one or more of these parts I fit with india-rubber or ink eraser, or
it may be a pencil, or a rubber and pencil combined.
The parts of the holder can be made to screw one into the other, so that the
rubber or the pencil, or both, may be enclosed when not in use, and be thereby
kept clean.
MENTS IN ANCHORS."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johannes Johannesen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1878.
JOHANNES JOHANNESEN, of Stavanger, in the Kingdom of Norway.
MENTS IN ANCHORS."
" IMPROVE-
The improvements relate to anchors intended to be used floating, and consist in
forming them in shape and to act parachute fashion in a horizontal direction, in
distinction to the vertical, in which parachutes generally work; also in the use and
combination with said parachute anchor of one or more floats, serving to support or
float the same in the water, and to carry one or more ropes passing through con-
venient rings, by means of which the webs of the parachute may be actuated in the
water as and when desired.
The parachute anchor may be formed in shape exactly like an umbrella, the
handle thereof being furnished with a swivel connection to which is attached
the ship's cable. On the stick or stem is a runner with moveable ribs furnished
with canvas, the ends of these ribs, or some of them, being attached to ropes passing
through the rings in the floats and to the ship. The point of the stick or stem is
furnished with a rope, also passing through a ring in the float, by which said stem
may be lifted when it is necessary to shut up the parachute.
The various parts may be of metal, except the web, which may be of canvas,
leather, rubber, or of all these materials combined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNTAIN PENS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samson Fox at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1878.
SAMSON Fox, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FOUNTAIN PENS."
This Invention has for its object the construction of fountain pens in an improved
manner, and so as to be free from the defects of such instruments as hitherto
made.
In an instrument made with the improvements the pen holder is made tubular,
and has attached to its upper end a length of small rubber or other flexible tubing.
The other end of the flexible tubing is attached to a short metal, glass, or other
tube, which is inserted in an ink bottle; or the flexible tubing may be connected in
any convenient way to the ink bottle. To insure the flow of ink through the
tubing, a wick or yarn of fibrous materials, or a wire or set of wires is drawn
through so as to induce capillary action; or the tubing or parts of it may be made
of sufficiently small bore for capillary action to take effect without introducing a
wick or the like. In order to assist the flow of ink, the ink bottle is placed at a
slight elevation above the level of the table on which the writing is to be done, and
the ink bottle is by preference fixed on a stand in any convenient manner admitting
of its adjustment as to height, so that it may be placed higher when a more rapid
flow of ink is required and vice versa. In the penholder a rubber or other tube of
very small size is fixed to lead the ink against the inside of the writing nib or pen,
and at the upper end of the holder, or at any other convenient part of the tubing
an adjustable compresser is by preference fitted for further regulating the flow of
ink by varying the size of the passage. In a convenient form of compresser a ring
and a short tube are combined, being screwed internally and externally respectively.
The short tube, which may also serve for fixing the flexible tubing on the end of
the holder, is slit at the end on which the ring screws, and the parts being tapered
the screwing on of the ring forces the slit parts of the tube to compress the tubing.
When the pen is not in use it is inserted into the ink bottle, or as is preferred,
into a second larger ink bottle, and this prevents the passages from becoming stopped

page_text: by the drying of the ink. When a second ink bottle is used, ink will flow from it.
by the penholder and tubing when the pen is placed in it to the other ink bottle,
and thereby make up in the latter for the ink that has been used.
The ink bottle may be in a portable form to hook into the button hole of a
coat, or to be otherwise attached to the person.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WINDOW AND DOOR SHUTTERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Hopkinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1878.
EDWIN HOPKINSON, of Tyresall, in the County of York, Bag Maker. “IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WINDOW AND DOOR SHUTTERS."
The object of this Invention is to construct of one piece of sheet steel shutters
for windows of any height and breadth.
I accomplish the above object by preparing the steel of the requisite thickness
and temper, and attach it to a wooden or iron roller fixed at the top or bottom of
the window or opening, and when the shutter is not in use it is by mechanical
means wound round the roller.
Hitherto shutters have been made of jointed material in order to allow of the
wrapping round the roller; according to this Invention no joints are required, thus
simplifying and cheapening the manufacture of shutters, at the same time preserving,
if not improving the object of all shutters, namely, security to the contents of
buildings against thieves.
My Invention is also applicable to the system known as "double iron doors"
in the cutting off of one building or premises from another in order to prevent the
communication of fire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREADLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1878. A com-
munication from Johann Wilhelm Albert Huss, of Bernburg, in the Empire of
Germany.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. 'von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipziger Strasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREADLES." A communication from Johann
Wilhelm Albert Huss, of Bernburg, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist in constructing treadles intended for actuating
machinery by the human foot with an elastic sole plate or plates combined with a
foot board, and so rendering them easier for moving and for the foot to recover its
action when in use. The elastic sole plate is to be formed of a metal sheet spring
set in or on rubber sheeting; the plate is curved to fit the foot; and the curved
parts, where the spring is not required to play, are filled with wood or other con-
venient material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO CON- DENSER CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Marshall, Eli Hoyle, and
Allen Woodhead at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th
September 1878.
ROBERT MARSHALL, Manager, and ELI HOYLE, Engineer, both of Field Mills,
Huddersfield, in the County of York, and ALLEN WOODHEAD, Engineer, of Mold
Green, near Huddersfield aforesaid. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO CON-
DENSER CARDING ENGINES."
This Invention consists in the employment of a shaft having wood rings or narrow
rollers thereon, which shaft is so fixed to the carding engine that the rings or rollers
shall enter the spaces between the stripping rings and keep the said spaces free from
loose material, which if allowed to accumulate becomes entangled with the material
on the condenser, thus robbing the upper set of threads by retaining part of the
material which should go to form thein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Pickett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th April 1878.
GEORGE PICKETT, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey, Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN REFRIGERATORS."
This Invention relates to those refrigerators which are constructed with an inner
and an outer case, having the space between the two cases filled in with a non-
conducting material.
According to this Invention the inner case is constructed preferably of sheet
zine, as is usual, and the outer case is constructed of sheet metal or metal plato
(instead of wood, as is usual), the said sheet metal or metal plate being preferably
tinned iron. The space between the inner and outer case is filled in with felt. By
using sheet metal or metal plate for the outer case a very much less total thickness
is required for the double casing, and thus for an exterior of given dimensions a
larger interior is obtained than with the ordinary refrigerator. The felt is also a
bottor non-conductor of heat than the sawdust generally used for ordinary
refrigerators.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Dobson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th June 1878.
ADAM DOBSON, of No. 2, Cambrai Place, Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES."
The object of the Invention is to afford increased facilities for the passage of
the steam to and from the cylinder in operating the piston and in controlling the
motion of such valves.
According to my improvements I employ what are called rotary valves, and I
form them with a succession of passages through them, so as to obtain a sort of
grid, by which, with a small amount of rotary motion to such valve, a large amount
of steam way is quickly obtained, either for the admission to the piston or for the
shut off.
I form the exhaust valves similarly, but with increased number or size of passages
to those for the admission, to facilitate the escape of the exhaust steam from the
cylinder.
The inlet and outlet valves may work in the same or separate valve boxes.
To give a quicker motion to these valves I operate them by cam or tappet, and
the valve rod is also connected by bell-crank or other suitable lever to the
governor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BARS For ALBERT OR BREQUET CHAINS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Barnard Jackson and Walter
Charles Perrins at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th June
1878.
"
JOHN BARNARD JACKSON and WALTER CHARLES PERRINS, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Jewellers and Co-partners. IMPROVEMENTS IN BARS For
ALBERT OR BREQUET CHAINS."
This Invention consists in forming the bars of Albert or brequet chains by which
they are appended to the garment in such manner that they may be more readily
attached to the garment by being capable of contraction and expansion in their
length. With this view we construct the bar in two or more tubular parts sliding
tho one within the other, or two within a third upon the telescopic principle, and
governed by a small coiled spring; or in case of double action, two coiled springs
within the tubo or tubes of the extending part or parts may be made solid, and be
received within a tubular centre part; or this arrangement may be reversed, a
solid centre with tubular ends.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR GLOVES AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December 1878.
WILLIAM BOWN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR GLOVES AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
The object of my Invention is to simplify the construction of springs for gloves
and other purposes, but will confine my present description as applied to gloves.
only, it being readily understood that the construction has only to be suitably
varied to be applicable for boots, gaiters, and other purposes.
And my improvements consist in mounting the two arms at the head part on
one common centre or axis, and round or near to the edges of the said head parts of
the arms, and concentric with the said centre or axis I form a suitable hole or slot,
or holes or slots, on one arm, and a projection or projections or lips on the other
arm, that when the spring is opened for putting on the glove the projection, or pro-
jections, or lips spring or snap into the hole or slot, or holes and slots, and firmly
secures the spring in position, and this same effect is produced when the spring is
closed.
In some cases I may use at the back or front, or both if preferred, a split washer
or washers to afford additional strength of spring when required.
By my Invention I am enabled to dispense with the ordinary and cumbersome
spring secured to one of the arms, as also the outer plates forming the head or cap
generally used for securing the arms in their respective positions, thereby producing
not only a much simpler and more durable spring but greatly reducing the bulk,
which is very essential, particularly when using such springs for gloves composed
of thin material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Rittinghaus at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1878. A communication
from abroad by H. Brinkmann & Company, aforesaid.
GUSTAV RITTINGHAUS, Representative of the Firm of Henry Brinkmann & Co.,
of Iserlohn, Prussia, of No. 4, White Cross St., London. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOCKS." [A communication from abroad by H. Brinkmann & Company,
aforesaid.]
This Invention relates to improvements in locks.
The object of my Invention is a lock such that when the door is closed from the
outside it may be opened either from the inside or outside, but when closed from
the inside can be opened only from the inside; also, that it may be so locked that
it cannot be opened from either side without a key, and likewise that the lock will
shew outside by a sign which side the door has been closed from, & consequently
if from the inside that some one is in the room.
According to my Invention I employ two bolts, one above the other, each turning
on its own centre pin.
The axle of the lower one runs through the door so that the lower bolt niay be
turned or lifted from the outside, there being a handle for that purpose.
The door is fastened by the bolt dropping behind a scotch plate or catch.
The action of the lower bolt does not affect the upper bolt; the latter simply
rests against a plate flush with the lower bolt.
For shutting the door from the inside the handle for that purpose is attached to
the upper bolt, which may be lifted up by it and passed behind a scotch plate or
catch. The operating of the upper bolt however raises also the lower by means of
a tail acting on a tail of the lower bolt; thus, both bolts are placed each behind a
scotch plate or catch, and both may be simultaneously raised and the door opened
by the inside handle. If however the outer handle be turned it will only raise the
lower bolt, and thus the door cannot be opened from the outside.
There is also provided an angle on a cylinder with keyhole of any desired
form;
this angle when turned to the right presses on a pin on the tail of the upper
bolt, and thus operates both bolts and opens the door, whilst if turned to the left it
Dminn 2.71

page_text: is turned under a pin on the tail of the lower bolt, and thus prevents either bolt
from being operated until it (the angle) is turned back.
The upper bolt is also provided with a vertical finger, a pin in the extremity of
which operates a slide to the right or to the left, according to the position of the
upper bolt, which slide being made visible from the outside may indicate by any
preferred device the position of the bolt, and therefore whether the door has been
closed from the inside or from the outside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWAGE CARRIERS AND VALVES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bancroft at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1878.
HENRY BANCROFT, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWAGE CARRIERS AND VALVES."
The object of my Invention is to provide a simple, effective, durable and cheap
medium for carrying, distributing, and regulating the sewage or other liquids along
filtering or irrigation beds and other similar works and arrangements.
.I accomplish iny object by constructing an open pipe or trough of suitable width
and depth, and of such length as may be convenient in the manufacture and in
laying, and of sufficient thickness of body, made of clay, stoneware, fire-clay, either
glazed or unglazed, or of cast iron or other suitable material. The section of the
trough is rectangular, and one side is made higher than the other to retain its charge
while it overflows the other side. One end of each length may be shaped like a
socket to admit of a clay or cement joint being made, but a joint may also be made
in any other convenient manner and the end or ends be shaped accordingly or left
plain.
The construction of the valve consists of the formation of grooves or recesses in
the pipes or troughs with a slab sliding in those recesses as guides and a cushion of
some flexible material at the bottom, the slabs having holes at the top into which
pins may be inserted to keep the passage any desired depth.
I prefer the carriers to be rectangular in section with a thickened edge to the
low side, and each length having a socket on one end. I embed the carriers in the
ordinary manner in the surface of the ground, or place them on intermediate or
continuous supports.
MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAI. SPECIFICATION left by James Moody at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd September 1878.
JAMES MOODY, of Luton, in the County of Bedford, Whitesmith.
MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES."
"IMPROVE
This Invention relates to improvements in that class of sewing machines used for
sewing straw plait in the manufacture of hats and bonnets, the improvements being
specially applicable to machines of the "Willcox and Gibb's construction.
In carrying out my Invention I provide the plait guide with a moveable screw at
the end by which the guide can be easily adjusted for any variation in the width
of the plait without it being necessary to stop the machine. Instead of the edge
guide being attached to the presser foot as hitherto I make it separate and place it
above the plait guide, a spring being placed between them, which spring keeps the
plait guide firmly on the bed of the machine, at the same time tending to raise the
edge guide. The edge guide itself also acts as a spring so as to allow of tightening
or loosening the plait as it passes through the machine, a suitable set screw being
provided to adjust the edge guide, and a small lever near the end of the guide allows
of raising it when the work is being placed in the machine. I provide the presser
foot with a slot and screw so that it may be adjusted to suit the different thickness
and width of plait to be sewn, and I also provide a stud to steady and guide the
presser foot.
I make the movement of the feed independent of the ordinary feed block by
providing it with a set screw at the bottom which passes throngh the block and allows
of the feed being raised as it wears without interfering with the other parts of the
machine, the feed being placed at an angle which allows it to be brought closer to
the needle than hitherto to compensate for wear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTAL GLASSES SET IN FRAMES FOR THE PURPOSE OF ILLUMINATING BASEMENTS AND OTHER APARTMENTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hamilton and Frederick
Alma Hamilton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st
October 1878.
FREDERICK HAMILTON and FREDERICK ALMA HAMILTON, both of 25, Poole Road,
South Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ORNAMENTAL GLASSES SET IN FRAMES FOR THE PURPOSE OF ILLUMINATING
BASEMENTS AND OTHER APARTMENTS."
"
The object of our Invention is to provide a more useful means and ornamental
appearance of transmitting day light into apartments as occasion may require by
the application of glass "cast or
"moulded" to ornamental designs, and shapes
of one or more colors with parts "ground" or "cut" set in on metal or other
framing with bolts, screws, rivets, or other simple mechanical means for holding the
said glasses in the required positions; the said glasses to be set on cement or other
suitable material so as to soundly bed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COATING THE BOTTOMS OF IRON AND OTHER SHIPS AND OTHER SURFACES TO PREVENT OXIDATION, THE ADHESION OF MARINE ANIMALS AND PLANTS, AND IN COMPOSITIONS TO BE THEREIN EMPLOYED
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Gregory, of 48, George Street, East Stonehouse,
in the County of Devon, Mining Engineer, for the Invention of " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COATING THE BOTTOMS OF IRON AND OTHER SHIPS AND OTHER
SURFACES TO PREVENT OXIDATION, THE ADHESION OF MARINE ANIMALS AND
PLANTS, AND IN COMPOSITIONS TO BE THEREIN EMPLOYED."
Sealed the 29th April 1879, and dated the 1st November 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Gregory at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1878.
*
RICHARD GREGORY, of 48, George Street, East Stonehouse, in the County of
Devon, Mining Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING THE BOTTOMS OF IRON AND
OTHER SHIPS AND OTHER SURFACES TO PREVENT OXIDATION, THE ADHESION OF
MARINE ANIMALS AND PLANTS, AND IN COMPOSITIONS TO BE THEREIN EMPLOYED."
The improved compositions are applicable to ships or other vessels constructed
either of wood or iron for the protection of them from the formation of barnacles
and from other accumulations:
The ingredients and proportions of them which I prefer are as follows:-
One part of arsenical mundic.
One part of gypsum or alabaster.
One part of iron ore.
Ground together into a fine powder and boiled in the best linseed oil until
assuming the consistency of a paint; this is the first coat which I apply as a paint,
boiling hot.
For a second coat for ordinary purposes I use a mixture of arsenical mundic
boiled in linseed oil.
If for fast sailing vessels I add one-third of rosin, and I also use ordinary driers
as with common paint.
The application should be when the composition is in a boiling state; brushes
are useful in applying the composition, and it may be kept boiling in sinall pots
over fires arranged along the ships' or vessels' bottoms. The proportions of the
ingredients may be varied.

page_text: RICHARD GREGORY. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC BEDSTEADS AND COTS
Year: 1878

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Thomas Ward at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1878.
ALBERT THOMAS WARD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Merchant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC BEDSTEADS AND COTS."
This Invention consists in constructing metallic bedsteads and cots upon the
telescopic principle, so that when not in use they may be closed up to one-half or
even loss of the full projection they would have when open. I carry this out in
the following way-The sides of the bedsteads when formed of angle iron are
constructed so that one-half of the length of each side bar is constructed
to slide under or within the other half, and may be provided with suitable
guides and stays to prevent separation of the parts; and if necessary I employ
a third leg on each side bar to support the bar in the middle when extended,
which leg may be made to fold inwards under the bedstead when not in use; or I
make these double bars of such section that they will work upon a dovetail key, and
thus extend without separating; or they may be strengthened in the centre by
cotter pins or screws holding the parts together, and in any case friction rollers
may be attached, upon which the extending bar may work so as to ensure easy
action; or tubes of any suitable section may be substituted for angle iron, and slide
within each other. Thus a bedstead may be obtained of full size when extended,
and taking up but about half the space when closed, or it may, if required, be made
with even more joints, and still further economize space.
The same principle as above described may also be applied to metallic bedsteads
Bo as to vary their width as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH ILLU- MINATING OR DEVICING BOOKBINDERS' AND LIKE CLOTH FOR BOOK COVERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Phillips Lonsdale Deighton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th March 1878.
PHILLIPS LONSDALE DEIGHTON, of 21, Leighton Crescent, Leighton Road, Kentish
Town, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH ILLU-
MINATING OR DEVICING BOOKBINDERS' AND LIKE CLOTH FOR BOOK COVERS."
This Invention relates to improvements in connection with illuminating or
devicing bookbinders' and like cloth for book covers, whereby a superior finish with
softer tones of tints and colour can be produced than is possible by the known
methods of preparing the covers.
Hitherto cloth covers of books have been impressed "or blocked" from brass dies
after the cloth has been glued or otherwise fixed upon the boards, whereby not only
the cloth but the millboard to which it is affixed received the impression of the
block or die. This blocking process is effected by heat and pressure combined, and
necessitates heavy and costly machinery, and very often steam power, particularly
with large size covers.
By my Invention I prepare the cloth or linen for books before being made into
covers by printing upon them by lithographic stones or by wood blocks in plain
ink or in colours deviced and registered as to form a positive picture which may be
afterwards impressed in parts to give a raised appearance in "releivo" for ornn-
mental effect. Bookbinders' and like cloths thus operated upon in the flat are
capable of receiving a very uniform division of colour or ink than is possible by
the present method of embossing with brass dies upon "grained" or "embossed
cloth.
33
I am aware that paper for book covers has been printed upon before being pasted
upon the boards, but in all cases where cloth has been used only harsh black or
other coloured lines and scrolls have been produced, and where coloured pictorial
effect has been desired it has been only by pasting printed papers thereon; the con-
sequence is the blocking process has not been dispensed with, nor is there any
"tone" or artistic effect produced.

page_text: For ordinary cloth books, such as juvenile literature, presentation volumns,
library novels, and the like, my process gives facilities for any class of decorativo
embellishment that may be desired, whilst the process now in use is confined to
embossing upon a made cover or case, either with gold, black ink, or by blind
blocking.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SCREWS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1878. A communication
from abroad by Charles Zang, of Cernay, in the Empire of Germany.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SCREWS." A communication from
abroad by Charles Zang, of Cernay, in the Empire of Germany..
The Improvements consist in the combination in one machine of four or more
shafts for receiving blanks, and rendered capable of working separately or
simultaneously, disposed symmetrically or otherwise on a table or support, and
mooved round an axis placed perpendicularly in the centre of the table, in such
manner as to be fed successively with the tools or diverse comtrivances fixed about
the said table, and actuated by means of a centre shaft and series of cams. Also in
the employment of separate tools for making the clefts and polishing the heads
instead of one tool, one intended to pare before cutting the cleft, the other to finish
the polishing. Also in dispensing in the thread cutting device of a special tool to
point wood screws, and in effecting this by the principal and one thread cutter.
The various parts can be made in metal, and the motive power may be of any con-
venient kind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYS FOR FIXING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Burstow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd July 1878.
EDWARD BURSTOW, of Horsham, in the County of Sussex, and 91, Queen Street,
Cheapside, in the City of London, Architect. "IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYS FOR FIXING
THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS."
I construct my improved keys the same as those now in use, except that I pierce
or mortise the key in one or more places, and insert a piece or pieces of wood
with the grain at right angles to that of the key, that is to say, so that when
the key is in use, the grain of the inserted piece or pieces may be end on to the.
rail, and at right angles to it. These inverted pieces are made flush or nearly so
with the surface of the key, and may be secured and preserved by a coating of
marine glue or other suitable material previous to their insertion, which will also
lessen the weakening of the principal block, which would otherwise be consequent
on its being pierced or mortised.
The advantage of keys of this construction is that whereas they are as simple
to apply as those of the ordinary kind, and require no special knowledge or care,
they will remain firm in all variations of the weather, and will not become loose
when a hot and dry season follows a wet one as those now in general use do,
because although the body of the key may shrink, the inserted pieces having their
grain end on to the rail do not shrink in the same direction as the body of the
key, and remain firm.
It may sometimes be advantageous to insert near the thinnest end of the key
(and the keys in common use would be much improved by being treated in the
same way), a piece of stout wire or wood driven transversely through it, so that it
may not interfere with the key being driven into its place; but when that is
accomplished, the wire or wood will prevent the key shaking out of the chair should
it ever become loose.