IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE, VACUUM, AND SPEED GAUGES AND RECORDERS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arnold Budenberg, of the City of Manchester, and
Ferdinand Hurter, Doctor of Philosophy, of Widnes, both in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE, VACUUM, AND
SPEED GAUGES AND RECORDERS." Partly a communication from abroad by
Bernhard August Schäffer and Christian Frederick Budenberg, of Buckau,
Magdeburg, Germany.
Sealed the 27th November 1877, and dated the 29th May 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arnold Budenberg and
Ferdinand Hurter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
29th May 1877.
"
ARNOLD BUDENBERG, of the City of Manchester, and FERDINAND HURter, Doctor
of Philosophy, of Widnes, both in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRESSURE, VACUUM, AND SPEED GAUGES AND RECORDERS." Partly a communication
from abroad by Bernhard August Schäffer and Christian Frederick Budenberg, of
Buckau, Magdeburg, Germany.
These improvements relate first to pressure, vacuum, speed, or other gauges, and
consists in giving a sonorous indication when the index finger has reached the
desired maximum or minimum point on the dial, and consists in applying by
préference to the centre of the glass which covers the dial a metallic boss, the
spindle of which passes through the glass to the inside, and there has a finger
mounted upon it. This finger is provided with a stud or pin projecting from it at
a suitable angle to come in contact with the main index finger or pointer of the
gauge.
The boss herein-before mentioned is covered with a lock capable of being opened
and closed by a suitable key, and a screw clamp is also provided for connecting
such boss to one of the wires of an electric bell situated at any desired distance,
wherever the sonorous indication is required to be given. It will thus be seen that
the glass cover of the dial acts as an insulator between the two poles of the magnet,
but that immediately the index finger comes in contact with the stud projecting

page_text: from the finger of the metallic boss, the electric circuit is completed and the bell
commences to ring.
Our improvements in pressure and vacuum gauges further consist in mounting
two index fingers concentrically upon one dial, each of such fingers being actuated
by a distinct "Bourdon" tube, and turning in the same or in reverse directions.
The dial in this case is marked with two sets of numerals, one set for each finger.
We are thus enabled to test the accuracy of the gauge by seeing that each finger
indicates the same pressure although working independantly, and one or both parts
may be worked at the same time.
Secondly. These improvements relate to blast pressure and vacuum gauges, and
consist in placing the bellows usually employed to indicate in such cases together
with the spring and indicating mechanism in an air-tight casing.
This arrangement permits the gauge to be used for the treble purpose of
indicating pressure, vacuum, and velocity of currents.
To indicate vacuum, we prefer the connection to be made to the interior of the
bellows, whilst for pressure we connect to the interior of the air-tight case, or
the connection may be vice versa.
To indicate the velocity of a current, the pressure, pipe is carried into the current
and turned with its open end towards the current. The vacuum pipe is also
carried into the current, but turned_with_its open end from the current.
By this arrangement of the pipes, the impact force of the current is, indicated,
and by known formula the dial may be graduated to indicate the velocity of the
current in any given unit of time.
. 1
Thirdly. As applied to indicating and recording speed, this Invention rélates to a
construction of an apparatus, for recording upon a continuous strip of paper, the
performance of an engine irrespective of the direction in which the crank shaft may
be running, and consists of a minute, dial, having upon its periphery 60 pegs or
projections, and upon its face 60 numerals which correspond to the number of
minutes in an hour. This dial is caused by means of strong clockwork mechanism
to revolve once in an hour, and to give motion to another dial marked with figures
corresponding to the hours of the day, and which figures come up in rotation
opposite to an aperture formed in the outer casing of the apparatus.
The pegs or projections herein-before mentioned serve to give forward motion to
a continuous length of correspondingly perforated paper, which is thus brought
beneath a pair of markers controlled and actuated by counting mechanism, set in
motion by the engine or other prime mover whose performance is required to be
recorded.
It is preferred to communicate motion from the engine or other prime mover to
the counting mechanism by pneumatic pressure, and this is accomplished by having
an india-rubber ball in contact with any moving part of the engine, so that at every
stroke of such engine the india-rubber ball becomes compressed, and by means of a
connecting tube, connecting such ball with a pneumatic buffer and ratchet arrange-
ment in connection with the counting mechanism, such counting mechanisin may
.be caused to move one unit for every, revolution of the engine, and at every given
number of revolutions to mark or perforate the continuous strip of paper, and thus
to record the performance of the engine during any desired period.
As a modification of this Invention we sometimes combine a counting mechanism
with a Burke's watch, and by means of an arm and pointer at every desired
number of revolutions of the counting mechanism, we produce a perforation upon a
strip of paper caused to revolve by the watch, and thus obtain a record of the
performance of the motive power or mechanism giving motion to the counting
mechanism.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Arnold Budenberg and Ferdinand Hurter in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th November 1877.
"
ARNOLD BUDENBERG, of the City of Manchester, and FERDINAND HURTER, Doctor
of Philosophy, of Widnes, both in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRESSURE, VACUUM, AND SPEED GAUGES AND RECORDERS." A communication from
abroad by Bernhard August Schäffer and Christian Frederick Budenberg, of
Buckau, Magdeburg, Germany.
and
These improvements relate first to pressure, vacuum, speed, and other gauges,
consist in giving a sonorous indication when the index finger or dial, as the case
may be, has reached the desired maximum or minimum point in its revolution.
Fig. 1 is a front exterior view of a gauge having the improvements applied
thereto, and Fig. 2 is a side sectional view of the same. The improvements consist
in applying by preference to the centre of the glass a (which covers the dial) a
metallic boss b having a spindle c passing through the glass to the inside, where a
finger d is mounted upon it. This finger d is provided with a stud or pin e
projecting from its inner side, as illustrated, and which is designed to come in
contact with the main index finger or pointer f. The boss serves to enable the
finger d to be turned from the outside to any desired point upon the dial, and thẻ
same may be covered with a cup. Secured in position by a lock opened and closed.
by a suitable key, a screw clamp j is also provided for connecting such boss to one
of the wires of a magneto-electric bell h situated at any desired distance from the
gauge, and wherever the sonorous indication is required to be given. The other
wire of the same magnetic bell is connected, as illustrated, to the screw clamp i
affixed to the casing of the gauge. It will thus be seen that the glass cover d of
the dial acts as an insulator, and that immediately the index finger comes in contact
with the stud or pin e projecting from the finger, and which happens sooner or later,
according to the position in which the latter is placed, the electric current is
completed, and the bell commences to ring, and thus gives the sonorous indication
required. Our improvements in pressure and vacuum gauges further consist in
mounting two index fingers concentrically upon one dial, each of such fingers being
actuated by a distinct "Bourdon" tube, or by distinct ends of a single tube, and
turning the index fingers in the same or in the reverse direction, the dials being
marked with two sets of numerals, one set for each finger.
Three modifications of these improved Bourdon guages are illustrated upon thé
Drawings.
Fig. 3 is a front view partly in section, and Fig. 4 a sectional plan of one of such
modifications. In this case the Bourdon tube j is affixed at the middle to the
hollow pedestal k, and each extremity of such tube ; is connected to a distinct
toothed quadrant gearing with a distinct pinion and index finger; for instance, the
extremity is connected to the quadrant m, and thence through the pinion 'n upon
the sleeve to the small index finger o, which is capable of making a complete
revolution, and indicates upon the small circle of indications, and the other extremity
of the tube marked p is connected to the quadrant q, and thence through its
respective pinion r mounted upon the spindle s to the large index finger t, which is
also capable of a complete revolution, and indicates upon the large circle of indica-
tions. It will thus be seen that the spindle of the large index finger passes
concentrically through the sleeve of the small index finger, as in the case of the
hands of a clock or watch.
.!
Fig. 5 is a front exterior view; Figs. 6 and 6ª are side sectional views; and Fig. 7 is
a front view, with the dial removed, of another modification of the last-mentioned part
of our improvements, shewing the construction of a guage with two concentric index
fingers, each operated by a distinct Bourdon tube, one placed behind the other, as seen
more clearly in Figs. 6 and 6ª, and each tube affixed to the same pedestal or fixing,,

page_text: This arrangement permits of one index finger making a complete revolution.
before the other starts, which is effected by connecting the extremity of the first
Bourdon tube direct to the extremity of the connecting link u, and by arranging
the extremity of the other Bourdon tube so as to be capable of sliding in a slot v
formed in its respective connecting link, and thus to have no effect upon the index
finger until the extremity of such slot is reached, and by which time the other
index finger will have completed its revolution and come to a standstill against a
fixed point w.
The advantage of this construction, which is equally applicable to pressure and
vacuum guages, being that a wider range of division upon the dial is possible than
would otherwise be practicable.
Fig. 8 is a front view with the dial removed, and. Fig. 9 a side sectional view of
another modification of the same improvements, which only differs from the last-
mentioned modification in the index fingers overlapping one another, and being
arranged to indicate upon a segment of a circle. This guage is also constructed
with a syphon x, and is provided with suitable flanges y for connecting to the boiler
or to an air pump or other apparatus for testing its accuracy from time to time.
In some cases we apply a three-way cock or valve to the before-mentioned
constructions of double guage so as to open and close a communication with each of
the tubes, and thus we can use either or both of such tubes at will, and instead of
having the index fingers to indicate upon one dial, they may be arranged to indicate
upon distinct dials either placed back to back or in any other convenient position,
or one tube may be arranged to indicate the vacuum and the other pressure upon
the same dial.
One advantage we claim for this double construction of guage is that of relia-
bility, as when both index fingers are employed either for indicating vacuum or
pressure, we are enabled to test the accuracy of the instrument, seeing that each
finger should, if worked properly, indicate the same degree of vacuum or pressure,
although operating independently of each other.
Fig. 10 is a front view, and Fig. 11 a side sectional view of our improved blast
pressure and vacuum guage, applicable also for indicating the velocity of currents.
Fig. 12 is a view on a smaller scale, shewing the application of the improved guage
to a chimney.
Our improvements consist in placing the bellows a used in that description of
blast guage known as Broadbent's Patent, together with the spring b and indicating
mechanism c in an air-tight casing d, and in the application of a tube e connected
to the air-tight casing outside the bellows in addition to the tube f which commu-
nicates as heretofore with the inside of such bellows. In this manner we make the
apparatus to act upon a differential principle; that is to say, it becomes a guage for
indicating small differences of pressure existing between any two places with which
the two tubes e and f may at the same time be in communication. This construction
of guage is also capable of being used for the treble purpose of indicating pressure,
vacuum, and velocity of currents.
"It will be evident that when using the tube e only, the guage will be a pressure
'guage, that when using the tube f only, it will be a vacuum guage, and when using
both tubes together, it will be a differential guage.
In order to use the apparatus as a speed guage or ænemometer it must be
connected with the flue, pipe, chimney, or other place in which the velocity of the
current of air or gas is to be determined by means of flexible tubing terminating
in two brass tubes, bent at their extremities at right angles, as marked respectively
g and h in Fig. 12. These pipes must be inserted into the flue in such a manner
that the opening or mouth of the pipe g is opposing the current of gas, and the
opening or mouth of the other pipe h must point in the direction of the current, as
shewn in Fig. 12. By this arrangement of the pipes the current of gas will blow
into the pipe g, and will suck or draw from the pipe h, thus causing a difference of
pressure between the two, and which difference will depend upon the velocity of
the current. Care of course must be taken to place the tubes g.and h in the right

page_text: position, otherwise the instrument will not give any indication. The dial of the
instrument is marked with two scales. One of them is marked to indicate pressure
or vacuum in inches of water, and this scale being found correct by trial and
adjustment, the other scale, which indicates feet per second, is calculated in the
following manner, according to rules which are well known to physicists :-
v = 66. 2 √p,
where v means the velocity of the air at ordinary temperature,
square root of the pressure in inches of water.
p means the
As applied to indicating and recording speed, this Invention relates to the con-
struction of an apparatus for recording upon a continuous strip of paper the
performance of an engine or other piece of mechanism irrespective of the direction
in which the main shaft may be running.
On the accompanying Drawing Fig. 13 is a front view of the apparatus; Fig. 14,
a sectional view shewing the internal arrangement of the same; Fig. 15 is a
detached view of the internal construction of the counting machine employed, and
Fig. 16 is a plan of the recording levers, herein-after described. In all the views A
is a dial moved by the ordinary clock mechanism b with a speed corresponding to
the minute finger of a clock or watch. The edge of this dial A carries sixty pegs
A¹, equidistant from each other, as illustrated, and which serve to take up and unrol
a strip of paper from off the paper roll A2; and the front of such dial carries a
series of figures or numerals indicative of minutes of time, as illustrated. This
strip of paper is perforated with holes along its entire length, corresponding in size
and distance from each other to the sixty pegs, herein-before mentioned, and conse-
quently a length of such paper corresponding with sixty of such holes will be
unlapped every hour by the rotation of the dial A. The paper is thus capable of
being marked and subdivided into minutes, hours, and days along its entire length.
C is the hour indicator, consisting of a dial marked with the hours of the day,
which become visible one after the other through the aperture C₁ upon each
complete revolution of the dial A. D is the counter, which is herein-after more
fully described.
The fundamental principle of this apparatus is based upon pneumatics, and its
action is as follows: To any moving part of the engine or other machinery, the
performance of which is required to be recorded, an india-rubber hollow ball is
applied in such a manner that with every stroke or revolution of the same such
ball may become compressed. This ball is in communication with the buffer E by
means of the tube E¹. An india-rubber covering m is placed over the buffer E,
and is shewn expanded in the Drawing, the air valve V serving to admit a fresh
supply of air to such buffer in case of need.
From the foregoing it will be apparent that as soon as the india-rubber ball
before mentioned becomes compressed, its effect will be transmitted to the buffer E
by a corresponding compression of the air contained within it, and which, thus
becoming expanded or bulged outwards, so raises the rod F lying upon it. This
rod F at the same time, being connected at its upper extremity to the lever Fl
which carries a pawl F2, so causes such pawl to impart a corresponding fraction of a
revolution to the ratchet wheel G, which is mounted upon and turns with the same
spindle H as the units finger G¹ of the counting mechanism. The wheel G is pro-
vided with 100 ratchet teeth, one of which is taken up and advanced with every
upward movement of the rod F, or in other words, by every stroke or revolution
of the machinery being recorded, and each of which movements is indicated by the
index finger G2 upon the units dial.
Referring to Fig. it will be easily understood that every complete revolution
of the index finger G2 moves the hundreds dial G³ one-tenth of a revolution, and
that after ten such revolutions the following wheel or "thousands" dial G' is next
moved one-tenth of its circumference, and so on with all the series, corresponding
apertures in the dial face G³ serving to display the figures marked upon the several
dials or wheels of the counting mechanism, which is otherwise of the ordinary
construction known as Schäffer V Budenberg's engine counter.

page_text: The wheel G is provided with ten pegs carrying friction bowls, and with a lever
I resting in contact with a hammer I', which is kept in position as illustrated by
the two springs I². During every ten strokes of the apparatus the lever I is being
gradually raised until at the end of each tenth stroke it disconnects itself, so per-
mitting the hammer I to fall on to a needle J, which so perforates the aforesaid
strip of paper, and thus one perforation upon such paper is made for every ten
strokes of the engine. Now inasmuch as the forward motion of the perforated
strip of paper corresponds exactly with the time, the manner or regularity with
which a machine is working can be easily read off at any time, and a permanent
record is also obtained of the performance of such machine.
When the machinery requiring to be recorded moves in opposite directions, a
special arrangement of mechanism is employed for recording the time during which
the engine is running in the reverse direction.
This mechanism may be connected to the reversing gear, and consists of a second
india-rubber ball in which the air is permanently compressed so long as the engine
is running in the reverse direction. This ball communicates with a buffer K by
means of a second pipe K¹, and an elastic metal diaphragm or corrugated plate K²
is substituted for the india-rubber covering used in the other buffer. The com-
pression of the air in this case forces up the rod L, and along with it the arm L¹ of
the lever L², and which in its turn and by its other arm depresses another needle M
and forces the same into touching contact with the surface of the strip of paper
herein-before mentioned. The point of this needle M is however rounded off so as
not to produce a perforation, but a continuous stroke or line upon the strip of
paper, and thus to indicate the period of time during which the engine is running
in the reverse direction, the other needle meanwhile continuing to give the
indications when every ten strokes have been performed as herein-before
described.
Although we have mentioned every ten strokes as the number being recorded, it
will be evident that the apparatus may be arranged to record fewer or more strokes
if desired.
It will be obvious that instead of employing pneumatic pressure as the
actuating medium, direct connection may be made.
A modification of the last-mentioned part of our improvements consists in com-
bining a Burke's watch with a counting mechanism in order to obtain a record
of the exact instant when every 500 or other required number of revolutions of the
counter has been performed.
Fig. 17 represents a front exterior view; Fig. 18 a front sectional view; and
Fig. 19 a plan of this combined apparatus. The strip of paper in this case, which is
shewn detached in Fig. 20, is suitably marked in longitudinal lines for each day of the
week, and transversely for each hour of the day, and is carried by the watch in the
ordinary manner. P is a lever, one arm of which extends downwards, as illustrated,
in order to come in contact with one of the two pegs Q projecting from the side of
the hundreds wheel R of the counter S, and the other arm of which is connected to
a spring T carrying a pricker or pointer T', which by the action of the pegs Q, as
soon as every 500 revolutions of the engine have been performed, perforates the
strip of paper carried by the Burke's watch. Suitable mechanism is provided for
moving either the strip of paper or the pointer T¹ sideways at the end of each day,
so as to record on the next set of gradations, and the position of which paper can be
seen without opening the casing through the small dial T2. A sonorous indication
when every ten thousand revolutions has been performed is producing by carrying
through the spindle U of the "thousands" wheel to the outside of the casing of
the counting mechanism, and theree having a glass disc U₁ mounted upon it, and
provided with a metallic tounge U2, seen dotted in Fig. 17. This tongue extends
to the circumference of such glass plate, and there turns over the edge of the same,
so that every time such wheel makes a complete revolution the metallic tongue U2
comes in contact with the spring V projecting from the screw clamp V₁, and thus by
the application of a magnets-electric bell, the wires of which are connected to hte

page_text: screw clamps V and V2, such bell may be caused to ring, seeing that the electric
circuit is completed every time the metallic tongue comes in contact with the
spring V as aforesaid. This method of giving a sonorous indication is applicable to
other descriptions of counting apparatus, and also for so indicating at any required
number of revolutions.
Having thus particularly described the nature of this our said Invention,
together with the best methods with which we are acquainted for carrying the same
into practical effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves to
the precise details, relative porportions, or dimensions of the various parts of the
apparatus herein-before described and illustrated on the accompanying Drawings,
as the same may be considerably varied without departing from the Invention and
that what we claim is,-
First. The methods of and apparatus for giving a sonorous indication when the
desired point in the revolutions of an index finger or dial of a guage or counter
has been reached substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described, and
illustrated on the accompanying Drawing.
Second. The improved construction and arrangement of double Bourdon gauges
herein-before described, and illustrated on the accompanying Drawing.
Third. The improved construction and arrangement of apparatus capable of
being used either as a pressure, vacuum, or differential guage, and for indicating the
velocity of currents substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated on the
accompanying Drawing.
Fourth. The combination of apparatus for indicating and recording the per-
formances of engines or other machinery, substantially as herein-before described,
and illustrated on the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ferdinand Hunter, for and on behalf of
the said Arnold Budenberg and myself, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
D. FERDINAND HURTER. (L.S.)