Improvements in Pavements, Floors, Stair-treads, and the like.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Sept., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 23rd June, 1894-Accepted, 28th July, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pavements, Floors, Stair-treads, and the like.
I DAVID WILSON of Melrose Villa Clewer in the County of Berks Cement
Expert do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in such
pavements floors stair-treads and the like as are formed of concrete asphalt stone
tiles bricks and other like compositions and materials the objects of my said invention
being to improve the foothold of persons and animals or to decrease liability to
alip.
According to my said invention I insert pieces of wood in such pavements floors.
stair treads and the like at suitable distances apart and so that portions of the
surfaces of the said pieces of wood when they are in place are flush with or about
on the same level as the surfaces of the pavements floors stair treads and the like in
which the said pieces of wood are inserted.
In applying my invention to existing pavements and the like formed of concrete
asphalt stone tiles and the like I drill or otherwise form holes or recesses therein
and insert pieces of wood of suitable form and size in the said holes or recesses.
In applying my invention to slabs and blocks intended for use in paving roads
footways and the like I drill or otherwise form holes or recesses in those sides of.
the said slabs and blocks which are intended to be uppermost when they are in use
and I place pieces of wood in the said holes or recesses.
In some cases where concrete and other like compositions are to be used in the
production of pavements floors stair-treads and the like or in the production of
blocks and slabs for use in paving roads footways and the like and the application
of my invention thereto is determined on before the bed or blocks or slabs of
concrete or other like composition has or have been prepared I insert the pieces of
wood in the concrete or other composition by pressing them into it before it has set
or hardened or after it has partially set or hardened. I also prefer to embed wire
netting in such slabs.
In the preparation of slabs and blocks of clay and other like plastic materials to
which my invention is to be applied I make the holes or recesses therein for the
reception of the pieces of wood during the moulding of such slabs and blocks.
The said pieces of wood are or may be soaked in silicate of soda or silicate of
potash before being put in place and they may be of such form and dimensions that
when in place portions thereof will be flush with the surfaces of the pavements or
floors or stair-treads or of the slabs or blocks. Or the said pieces of wood may be
of such dimensions that portions thereof will project above the said surfaces.
the latter case after putting the pieces of wood in place I cut off the projecting
portions thereof.
In
I prefer so to place the pieces of wood in the holes or recesses. that the grain of
the wood will be at right angles or nearly at right angles to the surface of the
pavement.
Dated the 26th day of September 1893.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Pavements, Floors, Stair-treads, and the like.
I. DAVID WILSON of Melrose Villa Clewer in the County of Berks Cement
Expert do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in such
pavements floors stair-treads and the like as are formed concrete asphalt stone
tiles bricks and other like compositions and materials the objects of my said
invention being to improve the foothold of persons and animals or to decrease
liability to slip.
According to my said invention I insert pieces of wood in such pavements floors
stair treads and the like at suitable distances apart and so that portions of the
surfaces of the said pieces of wood when they are in place are flush with or about on
the same level as the surfaces of the pavements floors stair-treads and the like in
which the said pieces of wood are inserted.
In applying my invention to existing pavements and the like formed of concrete
asphalt stone tiles and the like I drill or otherwise form holes or recesses therein
and insert pieces of wood of suitable form and size in the said holes or recesses.
In applying my invention to slabs and blocks intended for use in paving roads
footways and the like I drill or otherwise form holes or recesses in those sides of
the said slabs and blocks which are intended to be uppermost when they are in use
and I place pieces of wood in the said holes or recesses.
In some cases where concrete and other like compositions are to he used in the
production of pavements floors stair treads and the like or in the production of
blocks and slabs for use in paving roads footways and the like and the application
of my invention thereto is determined on before the bed or blocks or slabs of
concrete or other like composition has or have been prepared I insert the pieces of
wood in the concrete or other composition by pressing them into it before it has set
or hardened or after it has partially set or hardened. I also prefer to embed wire
netting in such slabs.
In the preparation of slabs and blocks of clay and other like plastic materials to
which my invention is to be applied I make the holes or recesses therein for the
reception of the pieces of wood during the moulding of such slabs and blocks.
The said pieces of wood are or may be soaked in silicate of soda or silicate of
potash before being put in place and they may be of such form and dimensions that
when in place portions thereof will be flush with the surfaces of the pavements or
floors or stair-treads or of the slabs or blocks. Or the said pieces of wood may be
of such dimensions that portions thereof will project above the said surfaces. In
the latter case after putting the pieces of wood in place I cut off the projecting.
portions thereof.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a face view of a portion of a paving
slab to which my invention is applied and Figure 2 is a section thereof taken on the
line A Figure 1. In both the said figures the slab is marked a and the pieces of
wood inserted therein are marked b.
Figure 3 is a section of a portion of a paving slab formed of concrete and having.
wire netting and pieces of wood embedded therein according to my invention the
slab being marked c the wire netting d and the pieces of wood e.
I prefer to use cylindrical pieces of oak or other hard wood of about one inch in
diameter so cut that when they are in place the grain of the wood will be at right
angles or nearly at right angles to the wearing surface of the pavement and I
prefer to insert the said pieces of wood at distances of about four inches apart.
Netting of one and a half inch mesh formed of No. 20 gauge wire and concrete

page_text: consisting of one part cement to three parts sand and ballast are suitable for use in
the manufacture of pavements stair-treads slabs and the like as hereinbefore
described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood
that I make no claim to the use of wire netting as hereinbefore described otherwise
than in combination or in conjunction with the use of pieces of wood as and for the
purpose herein before described. I also wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein before described as they may be varied without
departing from the nature of my said invention but I declare that I claim ;-
First. The improvements herein before described in pavements floors stair-
treads and the like which improvements consist essentially in embedding pieces of
wood therein substantially as and for the purposes herein before described.
Secondly. The manufacture of pavements floors stair-treads and the like and
slabs or blocks for use in the construction of pavements and the like by embedding
wire netting and pieces of wood in suitable compositions substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described.
Dated the Twenty-second day of June 1894.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant