IM- PROVEMENTS IN BUFFER, DRAW, AND BEARING SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND IN THE MODE OF ARD ADRADAMUS FOR MAKING TUN
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Cammell, of Cyclops Steel Works, Sheffield,
in the County of York, Steel Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BUFFER, DRAW, AND BEARING SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES,
AND IN THE MODE OF ARD ADRADAMUS FOR MAKING TUN SAM
T
Sealed the 29th September 1854, and dated the 6th May 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Cammell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
May 1854.
I, CHARLES CAMMELL, of Cyclops Steel Works, Sheffield, in the County of
York, Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUPFER, DRAW, AND BEARING SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES,
AND IN THE MODE OF OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, first, to an improved form of spring to be used for the
above purposes, and consists in making the spring in the form of a double
cone, the two apices of the cone being at each end of the spring; by this means
a more elastic spring than usual is obtained. Springs for various purposes have
heretofore been made of a double conical form, such, for instance, as the common
hour-glass spring; for single conical springs have also been combined, by placing
either their apices or bases in juxtaposition. Various disadvantages or incon-
veniences, however, are incidental to these forms and combinations, but 'aro
avoided by my improved form of double-conical spring, which is much simpler

page_text: than any combination, and more effective than the hour-glass spring. My
improved spring when applied for buffing purposes is placed inside a cylinder
or box, which is also enclosed in an outer case. By thus enclosing the spring
cylinder in an outer case the risk or liability of the spring case being burst or
damaged by accident or undue pressure is inuch diminished. As my improved
double conical spring is larger in the middle than at the ends, it is necessary to
adopt a special mode or apparatus for manufacturing the same. The mode I
have contrived for producing these springs consists in operating upon both ends
of the strip of metal-simultaneously; in other words, .I.commence winding the
spring at both ends at the same time, and consequently finish the operation at
the middle of the spring.
I sometimes for some kinds of springs make use of a mandril, which, being
constructed of several parts or pieces, is capable of being withdrawn from the
interior of the spring, piece by piece, when the spring has been made.
SPECIFICATION-in pursuance of the conditions-of, the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Cammell in the. Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
CAMMELL, of Cyclops Steel -Works, Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Charles Cammell, Her. special license that I, the said Charles Cammell, niy
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Cammell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time.agree
with, and no others; from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should. and lawfully might inake, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of. Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BUFFER, DRAW, AND BEARING SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND IN THE MODE OF
OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE, SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I;
the said Charles Cammell, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to :be

page_text: filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Cammell, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed;
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of "Improvements in Buffer, Draw, and Bearing Springs for
Railway Carriages, and in the Mode of or Apparatus for making the same,"
relates, first, to an improved form of spring to be used for the above purposes,
and consists in making the spring in the form of a double cone, the two apices
of the cone being at each end of the spring; by this means a more elastic
spring than usual is obtained. Springs for various purposes have heretofore
been made of a double conical form, such, for instance, as the common hour-
glass spring; two single conical springs have also been combined, by placing
either their apices or bases in juxtaposition. Various disadvantages or incon-
veniences are incidental to these forms and combinations, but are avoided by
my, improved form of double conical spring, which is much simpler than any
combination of springs, and more effective than the hour-glass, spring." My
improved spring when applied for buffing purposes is placed inside a cylinder
or box, which is also enclosed in an outer case. By thus enclosing the spring
cylinder in an outer case the risk or liability of the spring case being burst or
damaged by accident or undue pressure is much diminished. As my improved
double conical spring is larger in the middle than at the ends, it is necessary to
adopt a special mode or apparatus for manufacturing the same. The apparatus
I have contrived for producing these springs forms the last part of the present
improvements, and consists in an arrangement of mechanical parts, whereby
instead of coiling or winding the strip of steel in the ordinary manner, by taking
hold of it firmly at one end only, I am enabled to operate upon both ends of
the strip of metal simultaneously; in other words, I commence winding the
spring at both ends at the same time, and consequently the operation of
winding or coiling the spring terminates at the middle of the spring. For
some kinds of springs I make use of a mandril, divided into two or more
parts, and this mandril, being constructed of several parts or pieces, is capable
of being withdrawn from the interior of the spring, piece by piece, when the
spring has been made.
In the accompanying Drawings I have shewn a view of my improved double
conical spring, and also various views of the machinery or apparatus whereby
the same is made. Fig. 1 is an elevation of the spring, and Fig. 2'is'a
:

page_text: sectional view of the same; Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the machine or appa-
ratus for making the improved spring; Fig. 4 is an end view thereof. a, a, is
the bed of the machine, and is constructed in a similar manner to the slide of
a common self-acting lathe; b, b, are the standards, supports, or framing of the
machine; c is a stationary head-stock, bolted firmly down to one end of the
frame by the bolt and nut d; e is the moveable head-stock,. which is capable of
sliding to and fro on the bed a; f. f, are face plates adapted to the head-stocks
c and c; and
1 g, g, are toothed driving wheels mounted on the same shafts or
spindles as the face plates f. f. These shafts or spindles pass through the
head-stocks, as shewn, and the wheels g, g, thercon are actuated by the pinions
h&h, on the spindle of which is the wheel i. This wheel gears into and is
driven by the pinion k upon the main driving shaft I, on which are the fast and
loose pullies m, m, whereby the whole machine is driven; n, n, are spindles or
mandrils secured to the stationary and moveable head-stocks, and one end of
these spindles or mandrils has a slit or slot made in it, for the purpose of
receiving the ends of the strip of metal o, of which the spring is to be formed.
In order to coil or wind up the strip or bar of steel into the form of a spring,
it is first doubled or bent up exactly in the middle of the bar or strip, and one
of the ends is then inserted into the slit or slot of one of the spindles or mandrils
n, and the other end of the strip into the slit or slot of the other spindle or
mandril n.
The ends of the strip or bar of steel being secured in the slits or slots of the
spindles or mandrils n, n, the machine is put in motion, the wheels of the sta-
tionary head-stock being made to rotate in one direction, while those of the
moveable head-stock rotate in the opposite direction. By this means the strip
of metal is coiled up in two concentric coils; and in order to produce the
double conical form, it only remains to draw out the centre parts o* of the
spring to form the two apices of the double cone. This is done by means of a
which is mounted in the bed of the machine, and passes through a nut
screw 2,
q, secured to the under side of the moveable head-stock e. It will now be seen,
that by communicating motion to the screw p, the moveable head-stock will be
drawn back, and the coiled spring thereby drawn out into the form shewn in
the Drawing. The spring may then be removed from the machine by releasing
the ends of the strip of metal from the slits or slots of the spindles or mandrils
n, n, after which the spring may be hardened and tempered in the usual
manner, and then it will be ready for use.
Having now described my Invention, and the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not mean or intend to
claim the use for any of the above-mentioned purposes of two separate conical

page_text: springs, placed base to base, so as to form a double conical spring; nor do I
claim the use of a double conical spring in which the apices are joined together,
as in the hour-glass spring; but I do claim the use for any of the above-
mentioned purposes of a double conical spring made from one strip or bar of
metal, as shewn in the Drawings. I also claim placing coiled buffer springs in
a second and outer case, for the purpose of protecting the same from damage,
and supporting the inner. case or cylinder when subjected to great pressure.
further claim the above-described mode of and apparatus for making double
conical springs. I claim particularly the use of the two spindles or mandrils
n, n, which, being capable of being drawn asunder, will draw the coiled strip
out into the required form, as shewn and described.
I
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Cammell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
SAMUEL JACKSON.
CHARLES CAMMELL. (L.S.)