Improvements in or relating to Elastic Tyres.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Sept., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 16th July, 1891-Accepted, 22nd Aug., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Elastic Tyres.
I GEORGE HOOKHAм of Nos. 7 & 8 New Bartholomew Street Birmingham
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
:-
My improvements relate chiefly to the class of elastic tyres known as pneumatic
and cushion tyres. In the former escape of air occurs in use by the passage of
gas through the india rubber by dialysis, and sometimes by escape at the valve.
To prevent escape by dialysis I include in the hollow tyre a small quantity of
glycerine or other crystalloid, and in order that the glycerine may the better
adhere I may cover the inner surface of the tube with canvass. Similarly I
construct a valve which shall include a small quantity of glycerine in its seat.
In order to reduce the escape of the inflating medium, I may use a gas less active
as regards dialysis than atmospheric air. I do not necessarily use a valve at all,
but the tyre may be inflated once for all when manufactured. Referring especially
to the pneumatic tyre now in use, wh. is made in two parts, viz.: an inner tube
and a sheath (thicker at the tread of the wheel) enclosing it, and in order to
protect the tyre from cuts, I may cover the inner part of this sheath where exposed
to cutting with what may be termed chain- or scale-armour. The chain-armour
may be made of helices of fine wire screwed into one another, and forming a web
similar to that used in certain spring-mattrasses: this is, preferably, embedded in
the rubber. The scale-armour is made of small plates of thin metal overlapping
each other at their sides, but each free to move independently of the other: the
scales may be attached to canvass. For a cushion tyre (by which name is under-
stood in the trade a tyre with a hollow part, but not inflated under pressure) I use
a form wh. shall tend to collapse inwardly instead of outwardly ; & thus prevent
cutting by the rim of the wheel. This is effected generally by giving suitable
curvatures to the sides of the tyre; & I may make the tyre in the form of an
inwardly collapsing arch, abutting against the sides of the rim, & braced by strong
canvass at the bottom of the rim. Or I may prevent the outward flattening of the
hollow tube of a cushion tyre, by bracing the hollow part throughout its whole
length by a strip of canvass whose edges are firmly fixed into the walls of the
tube. Viewing the tyre at the tread of the wheel when' touching the ground, the
canvass lies horizontally & divides the hollow of the tube into two parts, thus
preventing it from expanding laterally. That part of the tyre wh. lies in the
rim of the wheel may be made of inferior india rubber, or of different material.
In conjunction with my spring-wire fastening for elastic tyres I make a cushion
tyre of a generally oval or egg-shaped form, the smaller end of the oval fitting an
ordinary rim, the tyre having two holes, one small for the insertion of the spring
wire, the other larger and situated between the small hole and the tread of the
tyre. I prefer to use canvass and cement with this form, and I may omit the
larger hole.
Dated this 15th day of September 1890.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Elastic Tyres.
I GEORGE HOOкHAм of Nos. 7 & 8 New Bartholomew Street Birmingham
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My improvements relate chiefly to the class of elastic tyres known as pneumatic

page_text: or cushion tyres, and have for their object to prevent the outward flattening of
tyres in use over the rim of the wheel. I may prevent this in cushion or pneumatic
tyres by bracing the hollow part throughout its whole length by a strip of canvass
or other strong material whose edges are firmly fixed into the walls of the tube.
Viewing the tyre at the tread of the wheel when touching the ground the canvass
lies horizontally and divides the hollow of the tube into two parts, thus preventing
it from expanding laterally. That part of the tyre which lies in the rim of the
wheel may be made of inferior india-rubber or of different material. In conjunction
with my spring-wire fastening for elastic tyres I make a cushion tyre of a generally
oval, or egg-shaped, form; the smaller end of the oval fitting an ordinary rim;
the tyre having two holes, one small for the insertion of the spring-wire, the
other larger and situated between the small hole and the tread of the tyre.
prefer to use canvass and cement with this form, and I may omit the larger hole.
I will now describe with reference to the accompanying drawings the manner in
which my invention is to be performed.
I
Fig. 1. shows in section a cushion tyre made according to my invention. A is
a section of the thick india-rubber tube, B is the bracing of canvass; the
lower part C, more darkly shaded, may be made of a different quality of india
rubber.
Fig. 2 shows in section a pneumatic tyre. A as before is the india-rubber tube,
B the bracing of canvass, which in this case I prefer, for greater security, to make
in two parts lining the two halves of the tyre. In order to equalize the pressure
in these two parts the canvass partition is pierced with an eyelet.
Fig. 3 shows in section a solid tyre.
In this case I prefer the canvass bracing to be continued round the outside of
the lower part of the tyre. This form of tyre may be used in conjunction with my
spring-wire fastening in which case I provide a small hole at D.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is,
1. An india-rubber tyre braced with canvass, or other strong and flexible material
in the manner & for the purpose substantially as described & illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
2. An india-rubber tyre braced with canvass, that part of the tyre below the
canvass being made of a different quality of india-rubber substantially as described
& illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. A pneumatic tyre braced with canvass, the canvass lining the tyre substantially
as described & illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4. A solid tyre braced with canvass, the canvass also covering the outside of
the lower part of the tyre, substantially as described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 15th day of June 1891.
GEORGE HOOKHAM.