IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert de Bary, of Finsbury Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS."-A communication from
abroad by Julius de Bary, of Offenbach.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert de Bary at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
November 1859.
1, ROBERT DE BARY, of Finsbury Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS," (communicated to me
from abroad by Julius de Bary, of Offenbach,) to be as follows:-
In order to obtain a clear conception of the working and mechanical con-
struction of this machinery, I will first describe the successive operations or
the various stages thro' which tobacco for the construction of cigars passes.
The leaves intended for the interiors or cares of cigars having been deprived
of their fibres, and partially dried, are laid upon the endless strap C (see
'Sheets 1 and 2), to the right and left of which strap are two rails for con-
taining the tobacco, and of the distance apart of the length of a finished cigar.
Upon the tobacco rests an endless strap B,running parrallel with and moving
with the same velocity and in the same direction as the lower strap C; the
tobacco is thus carried forward between the two straps. A continuation of
the strap B is formed by an endless strap D, inclined towards the strap C,
which, whilst pushing the tobacco forwards, also compresses it. By means of
Price Q1

page_text: a peculiar arrangemen in the machinery, the pushing forward of the tobacco
only takes place at intervals, so that an equally broad layer of compressed
tobacco is brought before the opening formed by the compressing plate E
and the cross blade M, and which is then cut off by the falling blade G, and
descends into the space formed by the valve H and the plate J. By the
opening of the valve H, the portion of tobacco cut off 1, Sheet 1, falls into
the space formed between the two endless elastic bands X and Y, in which
it is slightly compressed. This having been effected, a small roller B with
the endless band X, takes hold of the tobacco (see 1, Sheet 2), and by means
of the continuous movement of the two bands X and Y, the tobacco moves
round its own axis, and thereby becomes of an almost cylindrical form. The
rotation must not, however, be continued long, but care must be taken that
a binding or coveringleaf of tobacco, and immediately afterwards a wrapping
paper shall be rolled round the roll of tobacco.
The wrapping papers have the double object of protecting the tobacco from
injury during its progress through the machine, and further to serve as a
covering, so that it may not expand on leaving the machine, but retain its
smooth and round form. The same wrapping paper may be repeatedly made
use of. The laying ou of the binding or covering leaves b, as well as of the
wrapping papers c placed underneath them, is rendered continuous by means
of the endless feeding bands a, a, passing over the divided travelling platform
d, d, and worked by suitable machinery in a succession of impulses simulta-
neously with the cutting off of a portion of tobacco for the interior or core of a
cigar all the covering leaves and papers on the bands a, a, move forward in
the direction of the arrow over one division of the platform, that lying the
furthest forward moves from the position shown in Sheet 2 to that shewn in
Sheet 1, and remains in that position until the elastic bands X and Y, and
with them the tobacco which is to form the core of the cigar, begin to revolve.
The covering leaf and paper being pressed upon the band Y by the endless
band e, e, e, must necessarily also take part in its movement, and are thus
conducted along towards the tobacco. The covering leaf after its arrival at
the tobacco remains pressed against the band Y by the-rotation of the tobacco,
and thus on its coming from the space formed by the tobacco on the band Y,
comes into contact with the band X, which seizes it and carries it upwards,
from the upper part of which it is again led round the tobacco by the
descending band Y, it is thus obvious that a rolling of the covering leaf and
wrapping paper must take place. This rolling having been accomplished, the
rotation of the tobacco still continues, but only in order to gain working time,
that is to say, to obtain a certain number of portions of tobacco in the machine

page_text: at once. The rotation of the core of a cigar in the position marked 1, Sheet 2,
is allowed to continue half as long as it is necessary it should rotate, and the
core is then brought into the position marked 2. The machine is now made
ready to receive a fresh core. The operation being performed as before, the
first core remaining in the same position 2 until the rotation of the fresh core
commences, when the rotation of the first core recommences, and on the next
interruption of the process for the reception of a new core, it will almost have
received its necessary rotundity and solidity. So soon as this second rotation
ceases, the first core or cigar comes into position 3, Sheet 2, and lies in a
space formed between the band Y and an endless band f; it remains
stationary in this position during the supply of a new core, but on the
recommencement of the rotary movement it is brought by the bands Y and f
beyond the roller g to the beginning of the conducting platform i, over which
an elastic cloth is fastened, which extends to the lower end of the conducting
plate / attached to the conducting platform.. When the cigar leaves position 3,
Sheet 2, for position 5, Sheet 1, it rolls upon the platform i, and this is so
contrived, that it continually becomes more compact; this rolling may, therefore,
be considered as a continuation of the rotatory movement.
In position 5, Sheet 1, the endless band Y leaves the cigar, which is seized
by the strap and rolled over the platform and conducting plate 7 till it
arrives at position 6, Sheet 1, under the rollern, which is pressed by a weight
against the plate 1, and rolling continually forwards, it is deposited in a notch
in the frame q, q, placed beneath the conducting plate 7, which frame serves to
receive the cigars, and which is moved forwards the space of one notch on the
arrival of each cigar, so as to be ready to receive the next cigar. By
the progressive motion of the frame 9, 9, a cigar arrives successively at
the positions marked 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, each of such frames receiving from
40 to 50 cigars. Each frame, when filled, is taken off by hand at the
foremost end of the machine, and replaced by an empty one at the hinder end.
Having now arrived at a clear conception of the succession of the various
working operations, I will describe the different details of the mechanism by
which the work is performed, and have therefore made eleven divisions
comprising all the principal stages of the manufacture.
1. The laying, conducting, and compressing of the tobacco intended for the
interiors or cores of the cigars.
2. Its division into equal portions.
3. The punctual and exact delivery of the several portions to the mechanism.
4. The simultaneous laying on or application of the binding or covering
leaves and wrapping papers, as also the moving forwards of the same to the

page_text: place from which the machine can afterwards take them and immediately roll
them round the already rounded tobacco.
5. The compression of the tobacco in the rolling machine.
6. The closing of the receiving opening, and the auxiliary movements for
putting the rolling mechanism into gear.
7. The continuous rotation of the tobacco or core in the same place, and its
simultaneous covering with tobacco leaf and wrapping paper.
8. The progressive movement of the tobacco from position 1 to position 2
after the completion of the rotation.
9. The fixing of the drums A, A', in their proper positions, so that all
operations from 1 to 9 may be repeated for a new cigar, while the preceding
cigar continues to revolve for some time in position 2, and finally arrives at
position 3, Sheet 1.
10. The conducting outwards, and at the same time continuous rotation of
the cigar.
11. The laying of the completed cigars, wrapped in paper, into the frames,
and the simultaneous moving forwards of the said frames to enable them to
receive a new cigar.
Division 1.-The tobacco having been deprived of its ribs or fibres, and
adapted for the machine, is placed into the feeding troughs. These troughs r,r,
Figure 1, Sheet 3, are about 2ft. 4in. in length, and 1ft. 6" high; their
breadth varies from about 3 inches, the length of the shortest cigars, to
5 inches, the length of the longest cigars; on the upper part of the sides is a
small groove, into which a sliding lid or cover may be inserted. The trough
having been filled with tobacco, and covered by the sliding lid, which is
composed of two pieces, it is turned over upon the endless strap C, C, the
frame, as shewn in Figure 2, Sheet 4, having been previously raised by the
endless strap B, B. Since the two iron rails s, s, extending the length of
the strap C, C, have the clear width of the feeding trough r, r, the tobacco
will, when the sides of the lid have been drawn beneath the rails, and the
trough raised, lie upon the strap C, C, in regular thickness, and occupy the
whole breadth between the rails s, s.
The tobacco must be constantlyreplenished from behindduringtheprogress
of the machine whilst the frame with its endless strap B, B, is somewhat
lifted in order to enable the attendant to push in the tobacco from the feeding
troughs. The frame is then again let down so that its endless band may
press upon the tobacco and assist in pushing it forwards. To prevent the
strap C, C, from diverging, and in order to secure a regular progression of the
tobacco, the said strap passes over a support v, Sheets 1 and 2; and further,

page_text: in order that it may always be kept at the proper tension, the hindmost
roller r, Figure 2, Sheet 4, moves in a groove furnished with a screw, at the
foremost end however, where the converging trap D, D, receives an increased
pressure, and where the friction of the strap upon the support would become
too great it is carried over the bearing rollers P, P, P, each of which moves
on a centre. The frame which turns upon the axis of the roller N, consists
of two rails a, a, firmly united by cross bars. At the hinder end of these
rails is a groove which allows of the displacement of the beds of the roller y, in
order to increase the tension of the strap B, B. The rails s, s, rest upon the com-
presser Z in the lower frame; the strap B, B, is also lightened from the pressure
from beneath by several bearing rollers. The strap D, D, which goes round the
two rollers K and L, and which is held in a horizontal position by the bearing
rollers P, P, P, from underneath, whence the presure proceeds, may be
extended by the screw b, situated in the bearing arm b, since the hinder
frame in which the axes of the rollers Land K revolve may be moved back-
wards or forwards in a groove; on the outer side of the said arm are the
small cogged wheels e, f, g, Figure 2, Sheet 4. The wheel c, is keyed
firmly upon the pivot of the roller L, and consequently takes part in its
motion; the wheel f turns as an intermediate wheel upon a fixed pin and
drives the wheel g, which is fastened to the pivot of the roller N.
Division 2.-Upon the axis of the roller K is keyed a ratchet wheel h, see
Figure 4, Sheet 3, with a cog wheel i attached which drives a wheel of the
same dimensions j, affixed to the axis of the roller K¹, and it will be evident
on looking at the Figure, that on the revolution of the crank plate S in the
direction of the arrow, a movement of the ratchet wheel ý, in the direction
of the arrow must ensue, and consequently a forward movement of the
straps C, C, and D, D. On the arrival of the crank pin f, however, at the
position f, the ratchet lever T begins to move backwards, and as the
ratchet hooks move back with it the ratchet wheel ), and with it also the
straps C, C, and D, D, remain stationary until the crank pin has come, to f,
when the ratchet lever, the ratchet wheel, and the straps C, C, and D, D
move forwards. In order to interrupt the moving forwards of the tobacco
intended for the core of the cigar as rapidly as may be desired, a bolt Q, sup-
plied with an eccentric plate, is applied above the ratchet hooks, and moving in
the ratchet lever T, and its eccentric plate on a halfturn of the wheel presses aside
the extremities of the ratchet lever, thus raising the ratchet lever itself, which
causes the instantaneous stoppage of the straps C, C, and D, D. Upon the
same axis O upon which rests the crank plate S, there is also another plate m,
which is provided with an eccentric channel or groove in which moves a roller

page_text: at the end of the shorter arm of the crank lever n; and thus, according to the
construction of the said channel or groove, the crank lever is by the revolving
of the plate m moved either forwards or backwards, as also the slotted arm p,
united to the crank lever by the drawingrod v; an oscillating motion of the arm
p, however, causes a partial diverging from its axle, as also from the plate q
fastened to it, which by means of the pressure bolt F causes an up-and-down
motion of the plate E.
Now since the slot or cleft in the arm p forms the centre of a circular arch
with the length of the drawing rod as diameter of the upper end of the crank
lever in the position given in the Drawing, it follows that, wherever the point
of attention of the drawing rod on the slotted arm may be, the upward motion
of the plat E, always follows to the same position, whilst the downward
motion, and therefore the pressure of the plate E is varied according to the
point of attraction of the drawing rod.
.. On the crank plate S, as also on the plate m, consequently to the right and
left of the feeding mechanism, a plate r, with an eccentric channel is cast,
'see Figure 6, Sheet, 5, the ends of which set in motion a similar two-armed
lever 1, fastened to the same axle t, and by means of two small drawing
rods, these in their movement draw the frame to which the blade G is
screwed up and down. By the voluntary pressure of the blade which works
in rectilinear grooves, the portion of tobacco lying before the opening is
cut off.
By following the order of succession of the different operations in the first
and second divisions, we arrive at the following distribution of time, see
Figure 7, Sheet 3, and as the entire circumference at the same time expresses
the duration of a working period, so does the length of the arch exhibit the
portion of time of every single operation during the period of working.
The succession of the times themselves in one period is consequently,
1. The moving forward and compressing of the tobacco.
2. The downward motion of the compressing plate E.
3. The downward motion of the blade G.
4. The upward motion of the plate E, and the blade G.
Division 3. In order to arrive at the proper delivery of the several portions
of tobacco the valve H is applied which catches up the cut off tobacco,
which would otherwise, from the rapid cut of the blade, be much pushed to
one side, and by its fall lose its connection; by means of the opening of the
valve the tobacco falls along the plate J into the space formed between the
straps X and Y. The compressor Z, which will hereafter be more particu-
larly described, then brings the tobacco destined for the cigar into its proper

page_text: position, and combines any leaves which may have come into disorder by
the fall.
The feeding mechanism receives its movement from the axle u, Figure S,
Sheet 3,of the rolling machine by means of two cog wheels B and B1 of the
same diameter, one of which B is keyed to the axle O, and the other to the
axle u; to this cog wheel B an eccentric rim,see Figure 9, Sheet 5,is cast, on
the periphery of which one end of the lever r rests, whilst its other end, by
means of a small drawing rod, moves the cranky fastened to the axle of the
valve H, and thereby also the valve itself.
In Figure 9 may be seen how by the preponderating weight of the heavier
lever arm,a sinking of the same as soon as the proper place of the curved rim
comes into play at its working point, and a rising of the crank and opening of
the valve is effected, the position of the curved rim, however, is so adjusted
by the keying on of the wheel cast against it, that the opening of the valve
takes place exactly at the moment when the machine has taken the position
suitable for the reception of the tobacco, and thus the delivery of the portions
of tobacco to the mechanism at the proper moment is also provided for.
Division 4. The introduction of the covering leaf and of the wrapping
paper takes place as follows: -
Over the platform d,d,fastened to the frame of the machine,Sheets 1 and 2
run, at the distance of about 1 inch from each other, the narrow bands a, a
which are moved by the driving roller 2, and guided by the roller z. The
roller receives its motion from a four-toothed ratchet wheel B, which on the
moving forward (from right to left) of the ratchet lever M, by means of the
driving rod and of the ratchet hook 2, is also moved forwards, and thus
by the roller 2 also the bands a, a, in the direction of the arrow.
This forward movement of the bands is tth of the circumference of the
roller 2. Division marks are made upon the platform d, d, between which the
covering leaves and wrapping papers are laid, and as the endless strap e, e,
is raised it is clear that the first of the covering leaves on the platform (see
Sheet 2) must pass into the position shown in Sheet 1, and that each of the suc-
cessive covering leaves andpapers must take the position of the precedingones.
Division V. Before describing the movement of the compressor Z and its
influence upon the severed portion of tobacco which fell into the space formed
between the straps X and Y, I will first describe the mechanism for rolling
the cigar.
Upon one of the two axles V and VI are keyed two plates J & Jo,and upon
the other axle V₁ the plates J¹ and J', which plates serve as bearers for the
12 rollers Waud W1,which move loosely between the plates on one side and

page_text: screw points, and on the other on pins, which on the outside carry the pinions;
in order to give the surfaces of these rollers W and W rather more friction
they are covered with thin caoutchouc, these plates, together with their axles
and the rollers form the two drums A and A¹. Over the rollers W, W, of the
drum A, the endless band (composed of india-rubber or any other elastic
material X is stretched, and over the rollers W,W, of the drum A¹, the elastic
band Y. The tension of these bands may be increased or lessened by pushing
forward the extending roller j and the roller 8, these tension rollers, moreover,
serve for guiding theendless elastic bands, for which purpose theyare provided
with conical flanges. The band X also passes over the roller 3, the position
of which is movable, and which in its highest position forms with the band Y
an acute angle, almost meeting at the apex, into which the portion of
tobacco cut off by the feeding machine falls and is pressed down therein by
the compressor Z, as the leaves hanging to the band X would otherwise be
carried out over the drum.
The compressor Z is a metal bar ending at each extremity in tenons
hollowed at bottom, by which means it is rendered movable. The tenons have
their beds in the bent arms a, a, affixed to the axle O, and which arms receive
their motion from an eccentric plate fastened upon the axle ; the lever B this
lever by means of adrawing rod acts upon one lever a,the compressor Z,how-
ever, not only takes part in the circular motion round the axle O,but also pre-
serves the same until coming from its highest position it comes in contact with
the band X, when it at the same time receives suchanoscillating motion that its
lower edge grazes the extended-band X,scraping off the tobacco leaves which
may have become attached thereto during their falling, and pressing the same
back. This having been effected, the compressor Z is raised again in the same
manner. To the compressor Z is affixed ametal plate, from which asmall pin
protrudes, which moves in the slot. R adapted to receive it. The slot & being
situated in the stationary arm S, it is clear that the compressor only makes
the circular movement of the axle O, so far as the slot extends,to the left, but
that from thence to the lowest point, the compressor Z is capable, by means
of the slot, of receiving the motion desired.
Division VI. The tobacco having been pressed together by the straps X
and Y, the closing of the receiving opening, and the return of the plate Efirst
take place, the former iseffected bybringingthecovering rollerẞ into itslowest
position, and the simple turning of the lever 2, Figure 13, Sheet 6, by which
a bellying of the straps X and Y is formed round the tobacco. The plate
returns at the same time and is set in motion by the drawing rod & and
ever, the conducting roller of which moves in the eccentric channel or

page_text: groove . With the retrograde movement of the plate E is immediately con-
nected the falling or sinking of the pressing band e, e, which passes over the
roller, the tension roller, and the feeding rollers, the two roller and
have their turning points in a lever fastened to and moving with the axle,
whilst the rollers continually pressed upon the band Y by the pressure of the
strap ce,hangs on two arms, moving freely round the axle nontheretrograding
of the ratchet lever, the drawing rod turns the lever 3 round the axle 7,and
with it the levers, serving as bearers for the axles and ; thus the strap e, e,
comes into position shown in Sheet 2, and is pressed firmly upon the band Y,
and consequently takes part in its movement.
These movements completed, the driving wheel is brought into combina-
tion with the two wheels and . This combination must be interrupted
as soon as the rotation of the parts ceases, as will be explained hereafter;
but immediately preceding the rotation such combination must be renewed,
and consequently the driving wheel N, (see Figure 11 b, Sheet 5,) which is
provided with an escapement rabbet, and is set in motion by the levers M
and c, which are again set in motion by the plate 2, moves along a wedge
fixed upon the principle axle. In order to facilitate the connection, the teeth
of the wheels and Mare sharpened, and it is evident that a revolution of
the axle in the direction of the arrow causes a revolution of the wheels
and M, as also and , which being fastened together revolve easily
round their axis, by which means the rollers W and W1, as also the straps X
and Y are moved in the direction of the arrow, see Figure 11ª, Sheet 5, and
Figure 15, Sheet 7. But as the two pulleys p and pl turn loosely upon the
axle, a movement of the same can only take place when another power
unites these pulleys with the axles . The pulley has on one side a plate
covered with india-rubber, against which at certain times the friction plater,
movable round the axle 7 on a wedge is pressed, and upon the other sido
the pulley phasa nave upon which the pulleys' turns loosely, and upon which,
besides another driving wheel is keyed, which by means of an immediate
driver, sets the axle u into continuous motion; this axle u makes exactly the
same number of revolutions as the number of finished cigars. The pulley p
receives its motion from any moving power through a driving strap, and it is
clear that, with a proper construction and position of the eccentric plates and
channels, the motions desired can be performed.
y
F
Division VII. The driving wheel having been put into gear, and the
friction plate having been pressed close, the motion of the straps X and Y
in the direction of the arrow ensues. The tobacco being prevented from
moving out of its position by the rollers 3, W, W', which are placed quite
B

page_text: closely together, and which are turned by the two bands X and Y in the same
-direction, and in consequence of the friction against the bands produced by
their tension, canuot remain motionless, and rub against the strap, it neces
sarily results that a rotation of the tobacco takes place, and a roll of tobacco
is thereby formed. By the motion of the band Y, however, as also by the
simultaneous turning of the band e, e, e, the binding or covering leaf, with its
paper is, after a few revolutions, brought to the said roll and wrapped
round it.
Division VIII.-When the rotation of the roll or cigar in the position 1,
Sheet 2, ceases, the friction plate is made loose, and the driving wheel N
put out of gear, and whilst the wrapping roller ẞ rises at the same time, the
movement of the drums A and A¹ ensues by which the cigar moves from
position 1 to position 2. This movement of the drums consists in their being
both turned in the same direction th of their circumference, and firmly kept
in this position till a repeated movement, the communication of the ratchet
pin having been previously raised. The plates Jo and J' of the drums are
toothed on their circumference, and are in gear with each other, so that the
turning of the one is followed by the turning of the other. To the lever
Figure 10, Sheet 6, is affixed a ratchet hook, falling into hollows at equal
distances apart, and which, on the moving forwards of the lever &, pushes on
the drum A', and with it the drum A th of their circumference in the
direction of the arrow.
Division IX. In order to secure the position of the drums occasioned by
their moving forwards, they are held by a ratchet pin r falling into them; this
ratchet pin passes through an aperture in the side frame of the machine, and
is pressed by a spiral spring against the drum Jo, where, on this drum arriving
at the proper position it falls into one of the holes σ, σ, Figure 10, Sheet 6,
which in this position is exactly before the aperture in the side frame; the
withdrawing of the pin before the forward movement of the drum is effected
by a projecting piece on the plate +, Figure 14, Sheet 6, which at the right
moment presses back the lever : and together with it the ratchet pin
attached thereto, which it allows to fall again on the forward movement being
completed. As simultaneously with the forward movement of the drums the
roller ẞ has risen, the rolling machine on the falling of the ratchet pin stands
exactly in the same position as described in the first division, and, therefore,
on the completion of this period of work, all the operations for a new cigarcan
be repeated.
Division X.-The cigar arrives after the completion of the first period of
manufacture into position 2, and on the completion of the 2nd period iuto

page_text: position 3, where it is left by the band X and brought between the band Y,
and the bands flying at a distance from each other of about 1" to 1" upon
the conducting platform i, the bands are not joined into one band, in order to
allow the particles of tobacco dust to escape between the drums.
When the cigar has arrived upon the conducting platform i, it revolves and
is drawn by the two straps K, lying at a distance of about half an inch from
each other over the cushion of the platform and along the conducting plat-
form to beneath the roller n, from whence it enters into the receiving
frame
D 2.
The straps, k, cannot be united into one breadth, since with small cigars
the roller n goes to nearly the bottom of the frames q, and consequently the
straps k, k, have to pass between the three rows of notches in the frames; the
straps k, k, pass over the driving roller A and conducting roller B, as also over
the rollers m and n. The driving roller A receives its motion from a driving
strap, which passes over thegrooved pulleys C and D, the axle of the grooved
pulley D, as also that of the roller B however receive their motion from a
driving band running over the grooved pulley Eaud the grooved pulley cast on
to the driving pulley p.
which
Division XI. After the cigar has arrived under the rollern, the strapk,k,
which has become slackened by the rising of the roller n must be gradually
tightened, in order to draw the cigar into the opening of the frameq,q,
is ready to receive it. This tension is effected by means of the roller F
fastened to a lever furnished with a counterbalance weight, whereas the
weightO constantly presses the strap k and the roller n against the conducting
plate 1. In order to be able to receive every new cigar, the frame q, q, must
always advance one notch immediately after the entry of each cigar, or in other
words, the next vacant opening must stand exactly under the end of the con-
ducting plate; the frames move upon conducting rails, and their movement is
effected by the paul G, Sheet 1, which works in ratchet teeth in the side of the
frame, and is moved by the lever K through the ratchet lever H and the
drawing rod J; the upper arm of the lever K is furnished with a roller, which
runs in an eccentric groove in the plate L, keyed upon the axle 1-
The construction of the frames and the manner in which they may be joined
together and separated is shown in Figure 16, Sheet 8.
The views in Sheets 9 and 10, show the machine whilst in operation. In
the view in Sheet 9, taken from the right hand, the girl standing in the fore-
ground is occupied in laying the binding or covering leaves and wrapping
papers, whilst she in the back-ground is inserting an empty receiving frame
into the conducting rails. In the view from the left shown in Sheet 10, the

page_text: girl standing in the fore-ground is employed in taking off a receiving frame
filled with cigars, whilst she in the back-ground is inserting a frame with
tobacco intended for the interiors or cores.
The following is a separate description of the wrapping machine.
FIRST. DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKING PROCESS.
The cigars as they come from the rolling machine may be immediately
covered with their wrappers in a spiral direction. For this purpose the
movable wrapping roller B, see Figure 1 Sheet 11, is brought into its highest
position, whereby a space is formed underneath the same by the endlesselastic
band R; into this is inserted the rolled tobacco A, together with the wrapper G
placed rather under it, and which lies spread out in a somewhat sloping direc-
tion on the horizontal table H. The wrapping roller B, being brought into
its lowest position, Figure 3, Sheet 11, and the rollers B, C, D, F, being put
into rotation, the band R will be drawn in the direction of the arrow, Figure 3,
and the tobacco set into rotation. On reference to Figure 2, Sheet 12, it will
be observed that when the band R with the wrapper moves forward in the
direction of the arrow, the wrapper G, by the revolving of the tobacco A, must
be wrapt round the same spirally. Whilst the wrapper is being drawn in and
placed round the tobacco, the attendant draws the band R, a little fast with
one hand exactly before the spot where the wrapper winds itself, and by this
pull upon the elastic band R, the windings are fastened upon one another with
the proper firmness.
But by regulating the force of the pull upon the elastic band the cigar may
receive any form desired, as for instance; in order to form a cigar pointed at
both ends it only requires a stronger pull of the band at both ends whilst the
wrapper is rolling round that end of the roll of tobacco which is to become
pointed with his other hand the attendant holds the tobacco leaf during its
entry spread out upon the elastic band, and on the completion of the wrapping
the machine is stopped by sinking the lever P with its counterpoise. This
lever P is in communication with a pedal by which the machine may be either
set in motion or stopped; when the machine is stopped the roller B takes the
position shown in Figure 1, Sheet 11.
By the tension of the band R the cigar is delivered from the machine in an
almost completed state.
SECOND. DESCRIPTION OF THE MECHANISM OF THE WRAPPING MACHINE.
In the standards firmly screwed together with cross bars lie the supports of
the conducting rollers E and K.

page_text: Figure 1, 2, 3, 4, Sheets 11, 12, and 13, as also of the two driving rollers
C and F and the compressing roller D, while the axle of the wrapping roller
B passes through a slot in the standards, and has its support in the levers L
and L; between the standards is a table H over which the endless band R
passes, and which is held between the rollers C and D, so that by the moving
forward of that part of the endless band R, which passes over the table when
the covering or wrapping roller B is in its highest position; the space neces-
sary for the reception of the tobacco is formed between the rollers B and F;
this space is confined at the back by the plate M. Through the standards
J, J, passes also the axle N, on one end of which is affixed the lever P with
its counterpoise, and on the other the eccentric plate Q, in an eye of the lever,
Pa cord is fastened, which communicates with a pedal beneath the table.
The crank S and the levers L, L, are keyed firmly upon the axle O, so that
by the falling of the pedal the eye of the lever P also descends, and partly
turns the axle N and plate Q, as the eccentric groove on the outer edge of the
plate Qin which ruus the roller of the crank S, rises from a to b, and moves
concentrically from b to c; the two levers L, L, and with them the roller B
will be depressed during the first half of the pressing down of the pedal, and
quietly remain in this position during the second half of the pressing down of
the pedal, and as on the circumference of the plate Q there is a curved groove,
into which a roller of the lever T runs, and this groove is so formed that
whilst the roller of the crank S is moving from a to b, the lever T remains at
rest, and only presses the friction plate U against the pulley V, which moves
freely upon the same axis during the movement of the roller of the crank from
b to c; it will be easily understood, that by the pressing down of the pedal the
1oller B is pressed down and the machine set in motion. The friction plate U
is movable on a key fixed to the axis, Figure 2,Sheet 12, and Figure 4, Sheet
13. The counterpoise of the lever P is so heavy, that on pressing down the
pedal by simply letting go the same, it drives the lever P and plate Q
backwards. By this retrograde motion the lever T and the friction plate U
are drawn from the pulley V, and the machine consequently put out of gear,
whereon the crank S and levers L, L, will raise the roller B. In order to
ensure that the band R is carried along by the rollers during their revolutions,
the roller F is set in motion by two cog wheels W and Y,and an intermediate
wheel X from the axle of the roller C, so that the rollers C and F receive the
same speed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert de Bary in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th April 1660.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
DE BARY, of Finsbury Square, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Robert de Bary, Her special licence that I, the said Robert de
Bary, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Robert de Bary my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS," (a communication
from abroad by Julius.de Bary, of Offenbach,) upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Robert de Bary, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manuer the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert De Bary, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
This machinery for the manufacture of cigars includes,―
First, a machine for the manufacture of the interior or core of cigars.
Second, a machine for covering the core of cigars, and furnishing them with
an outer coating.
These machines can be driven by any machine or hand power; their
operation will be understood with the aid of the following description and
accompanying Drawings.

page_text: MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING THE CORE OF CIGARS.
The tobacco, after having been submitted to the necessary desiccation, is
placed in small cases open at both ends; the size of the cases corresponds
with the length of the cigars to be made. These cases are afterwards placed
at the top and bottom of the endless band C (Figure 1, Sheet 1), the endless
band B being previously drawn back; the empty cases are afterwards removed,
the band B is lowered, and the tobacco U moves forward. The tobacco is
limited on each side by a regulator not shewn in the Drawing. A third endless
band D conducts the tobacco beneath the compression plate E and the
support M. The motion of the bands B, C, D, is facilitated by the rollers P;
an adjusting screw gives the bands the necessary tension. That part of the
band C where the tobacco is placed is kept rigid by a board v. The band B
is put in motion by a series of cog wheels communicating with the band D.
The general course of these three bands B, C, D, is regulated by an eccentric S
(shown in red, Figure 2). This eccentric drives a ratchet which, takes into
the teeth of the wheel f, and regulates the motion of this wheel according to
the size of the cigar to be made; a bearing k in a slide varies the course of
the ratchet by rendering its position more or less distant from the centre of the
eccentric S. T is a lever which carries a second eccentric, the rotation of
which raises the ratchet and stops the motion of the bands B, C, and D, which
pass round, and are driven by the wheels Kand K. The same Figure 2 shows
that the compression plate E is regulated by the eccentric m³, slotted lever n',
connecting rod v, guide j, and crank q. The tobacco U arrives at the end of
the support M (Figures 1, 2, and 3), is cut into equal parts by the knife G,
the action of which will be better understood by reference to Figure 3. A
lever a, jointed to the movable shaft a', guides the crank 4, and the rise and
fall of the knife are produced by the rotation of the eccentric W. The
eccentrics S and m¹ are on the same shaft O. That portion of tobacco
which is cut by the knife G falls into the angle formed by the fixed plate J
and the metal piece H (Figure 1). The shaft n (Figure 4), gearing into
the shaft O, carries the eccentric m, which produces the oscillation of the
curved lever t, carrying at one of its extremities a small crank t¹, which,
at the desired moment, pushes back the piece H, and allows the cut
These endless bands X
tobacco to pass between the bands X and Y.
and Y pass round rollers W and W₁, and round the small cylinders 1 and 2,
Figure 1, which latter are mounted on slide guides, in order to regulate the
tension of the endless bands X and Y. The band X also touches a cylinder B
to which an up-and-down motion is imparted, as will be hereafter described

page_text: with reference to the red lines in Figure 1. When the tobacco reaches the
angle formed by the bands X and Y, it is pressed by a compressor, which
imparts to it the desired form, the roller B takes the position indicated by the
black lines, Figure 1, which forces the tobacco to roll itself up. In order to
prevent the particles of tobacco of which the core is composed from separating
immediately after the up-and-down motion of the compressor commences, a
covering of tobacco or of paper c, surrounds the said core. The core
afterwards takes the different positions shown by the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
and so on, before it arrives at the receiving frame q¹. The up-and-down
motion of the roller B is produced by the eccentric a¹, mounted on the shaft n
and by the slotted lever oscillating about the point . The same shaft n
produces the advance and retreat of the compressor z (see the blue lines,
Figure 1). The lower part of the compressor is hollowed out, its sides carry
pivots resting on arms a³, fixed on the shaft o, carrying a slide guide in which
the crank a³ of the lever p¹ is fitted; by this means the crank a works the
compressor by means of the eccentric 2 mounted on a shaft n.
The com-
pressor carries a cast-iron piece 12 (Figure 1), the pivot of which moves up
and down in the groove R, and which regulates the ascent and descent of the
compressor. When the cylinder B rises, the lever 7 and its ratchet wheel
move backwards (see Figure 5), in order to allow of the elevation and move-
ment of the small cylinders 61, 62, 63, which produces the advance of the
envelope band paper c. The backward motion of the lever is produced by the
to-and-fro motion of the crank f¹ of the lever 7, and of the eccentric gl. The
intermittent motion of the endless bands X and Y is effected in the following
manner-On the driving shaft V (Figures 5, 6, and 8), two discs 8, 81, arc
fixed, carrying twelve rollers W, while the second driving shaft Vi(Figure 5)
receives the discs 811, 8111, which carry rollers W¹. Figure 7 shows one end
of these rollers W, W; they carry pinions R, R, gearing into the wheels m
and m³, to which a differential motion is imparted by the wheel n². The
endless bands X and Y are mounted on the rollers W and W1, and pass from
thence round the rollers 1 and 2, as well as round the roller, as has been
before described with reference to Figure 1. The gearing of the wheels m
and m² can be broken at a certain moment by the retreat of the wheel n
as will be hereafter described. On the driving shaft 9, two pulleys 91 and
91 are fixed, one of which 91 is held to the shaft by means of a disc
of caoutchouc or of gutta percha, against which a disc v presses. On
the same shaft 9 there is a toothed wheel, which, with the aid of an inter-
mediate wheel, drives the shaft n shewn in the preceding Figure. The fixed
pulley 9¹ receives motion from a strap driven by any motive power. When

page_text: the pinion n² is in gear with the wheels m¹, m2, the disc v presses against the
pulley 91 in the following manner :-In a neck formed on the eccentric 10
one end of a cylindrical spring gudgeon on a lever takes, which at its other
extremity takes into a groove formed in the friction disc v. As the neck in
which this gudgeon takes is formed eccentrically for a part of its length, it
causes the lever to oscillate, which consequently transmits a similar motion to
the said disc, and presses or draws it alternately from the pulley 91. The
disc v is in contact with the driving pulley; the revolution of the shaft 9 puts
the pinion n² in motion, and consequently the wheels m¹,m³, the rollers W,W¹,
and the endless bands X and Y. When the core has arrived at the position
indicated by 1 (Figure 1), the eccentric 10 draws back the friction disc v and
disengages the pinion n². The cylinder B (Figure 1) assumes the position
indicated by the red lines, and the drums A and A¹ revolve in such manner as
to draw the core from 1 to 2, Figures 1, 5, and 7. The operation of the
drums A, A¹, is regulated by a stop tenon t2 (Figure Si) fixed to the lever c².
The disc d mounted on the driving shaft n is provided with a projection
which produces the oscillation of the lever c²; the tenon t thus enters suc-
cessively into each orifice g¹ (Figure 5). When the core passes from 2 to 3
the band X leaves it, and it is taken by the endless band/', which is supported
by three rollers (see Figure 1). A frame (Figure 1) which is furnished
with a spring board, now receives the core which is pressed by the strap /¹
which passes round the rollers A2, B1, m³, n³. As soon as the core arrives
beneath the cylinder n³ the band k¹ loses its tension through the core which
pushes back the cylinder n³, but in order to make the core enter the receptacle
q¹ the cylinder n³ regains its former position by the lever H', and its counter-
weight o¹ fixed to a lever F¹. f, Figure 1, shows a lever with a counter-
weight to maintain tension on the band k¹. The receiving frame sliding on
the rails advances a compartment each time that the preceding motion is
repeated, and that through the ratchet G adapting itself to the lever H2
communicating by the crank J¹ to the jointed lever K³,worked by the eccen-
tric L' which is mounted on the driving shaft n. Figures 9 and 10, Sheet 2,
show a modification of the preceding machine, in which a part of the
mechanism is dispensed with, which is accomplished by arranging the com-
pressor in a different manner, or by completely dispensing with it, and the
pieces H and J which conduct the tobacco into the angle formed by the
endless bands X and Y. In order to arrange the tobacco U without
stopping the machine, the endless band B (seen at Figure 1, Sheet 1)
is replaced by a band of silk or other material B4 (Figure 9) fixed at
one end to the cylinder N¹ which draws it, and at the other to a metal
C

page_text: square g, which forces the tobacco U to circulate. To supply the machine
with fresh tobacco, or to stop its progress, the band is unrolled, the fresh
tobacco is placed in and held by the square q. To prevent the tobacco which
is cut by the knife G from falling suddenly into the angle formed by the
band X, Y, I have added to the machine the arrangement illustrated at
Figure 10. On the driving shaft n (Figure 1), an eccentric is fixed, to which
a horizontal crank is fitted, which, at its other extremity fits into the
spindle B5, (Figure 10, Sheet 2.) and by this spindle the two arms or
levers a are driven which are fixed on the same axle D. At the extremities
of the arms as the machine E is arranged, which takes the tobacco after it
has been cut by the knife G. To this knife a piece of metal F (Figure 9) is
fitted, which closes the jaw or opening when the knife has thrust a certain
portion of the tobacco through; a small bolt or spring slides between the
hinges of the jaw, and does not allow it to open. This jaw descends by the
action of the eccentric before described, it is guided by the guide G+, and in
its descent it presents the opening towards the angle formed by the caoutchouc
bands X, Y. The hook y hooks itself in descending to the bolt in the jaw E²,
draws it from the hinges of the pincers which open, and the tobacco is carried
forward. The jaw ascends, the roller B closes the angle, and the core is
formed as in the preceding operation.
MACHINE FOR COVERING THE CORE OR INTERIOR OF CIGARS.
The machine which I employ for covering the core of cigars is shewn in
elevation, section, and plan, at Figures 11, 12, and 13. R³, is an endless
band of caoutchouc or other material passing over the table H³, in order to
form a throat before receiving the cores. At the time of the introduction of
the cores the cylinder B(Figure 12) is placed at its highest point, the core is
then placed in the throat formed by the endless band. The covering G is
placed at the lower part of the core, as shewn in Figure 13, the cylinder B is
Jowered by a motion hereafter described. The cylinders C,D,F",are put in
motion, which draw the band R3, and force the core to cover itself with the
envelope. The workman, by a certain tension, facilitates the revolution of the
core (as shewn by the hand in the plan), and forms the ends of the cigars; by
a greater tension on the sides of the band, the cigar is pointed at both ends.
On the frame J2 the bearings of the cylinders E, K, C, F, and De rest,
while the journals of a movable roller B traverse a groove formed in the
frame, and abut against the extremity of the levers L. A cord driven by a
pedal is fixed to a lever L4 carrying a counterweight, held to the shaft N4.
The crank St,and the levers L are maintained by a wedge on the shaft 04, in

page_text: such manner, that when the pedal is pressed, the counterweight of the lever P
rises and partially turns the shaft N, as well as the throttle pulley Q4. The
throat on the side of the pulley Q' as it ascends moves from a to y,and from
y to it is concentric; it follows, that during the first half of the descent of
the pedal, the two levers L, and the cylinder Bo' are immovable up to the
other half of the descent of this same pedal. In the eccentric part of the
throttle pulley Q4 the roller of the lever T4 is placed, and during the movement
from a toy the lever T₁ remains immovable, and only presses against the
friction disc U, Figure 13, mounted on the shaft c against the movable
pulleys and the throats V4, which are loose on the same shaft. When the
roller of the crank S moves from y to 2, it is clear, that by the descent of the
pedal the cylinder B" descends,and the machine will be put in motion. The
counterweight of the lever P+ is made heavy enough, in order that when it
descends the lever turns back the throttle eccentric Q₁; the resultis, that the
lever T separates from the friction disc of the driving wheel V, and the
imachine stops. The crank S4 again raises the levers L' and cylinder Bc. The
covering mechanically employed is smaller than that applied by hand, whence
great economy ensues; besides with this machine it is easy to cover cores not
previously furnished with an envelope, which cannot be done by hand.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the arrangement of machinery for the manufacture of the interior or
core of cigars, the whole being substantially constructed and operating in
the manner herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
Second, the arrangement of machinery, substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, for covering the
interior or core of cigars.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert de Bary, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty.
ROBERT DE BARY. (L.S.)