Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 15th July, 1886.
Complete Left; 15th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted; 27th May, 1887.
We, HENRY WADE DEACON of Appleton House Widnes Alkali Manufacturer and
FERDINAND HURTER Ph.D. Wilmere House Bold, Widnes, Analytical Chemist do.
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention to be as follows:--
Our Invention relates to apparatus for carrying out the process for treating Sulphate
of Ammonia for which Letters Patent were granted to Messrs. Carey Gaskell and
Hurter dated January 25th 1884 No. 2118.
This process consists essentially in heating to an elevated temperature in an
atmosphere of steam a mixture of Sulphate of Ammonia and Sulphate of Soda.
According to our invention we provide a vertical cylindrical vessel (hereafter
called the "pot") made of any suitable material such as cast iron and having an air
tight lid in which is an aperture capable of being closed air tight through which
aperture the mixture of salts is charged into the pot. An outlet pipe is provided at
the top of the cylinder or in the lid through which the gaseous ammonia and the
steam escape and are conveyed to suitable absorbing and condensing apparatus.
At or near the bottom of the pot we also provide an aperture or apertures closed by
a plug or plugs through which aperture or apertures the fused salts may be withdrawn
when the operation is completed.
Within the pot close to the bottom we place a small central chamber or vessel of
cast iron or other suitable material provided with a number of radiating horizontal
pipes which serve to distribute superheated steam supplied thereto by a pipe connected
to a suitable apparatus for supplying the superheated steam. The supply pipe may
pass through either the top bottom or side of the pot. For the purpose of obtaining
as perfect a distribution of the steam as possible we place immediately over the
radiating pipes and central vessel a false bottom perforated in such manner as to cover
the area of the pot equally with holes. We make this false bottom of less diameter
Die

page_text: than the internal diameter of the pot and provide it with a flange turned downwards
and having several projections or feet by which the false bottom rests upon the bottom
of the pot. The false bottom thus forming a shallow vessel covering the steam
chamber and the distributing pipes and which allows the steam to pass either through
the perforations therein or through the annular open space between the flange and
the interior of the pot according to the conditions of the charge. In order to prevent
the frictional action of the steam wearing away the pot which is likely to be the case
if the velocity of the issuing steam is a all great we place between the pot and the flange
of the false bottom a loose cast iron ring or tray which can easily be replaced when it
becomes worn. The false bottom the central steam chamber and the radiating pipes
may be all cast in one piece if desired.
The pot is set in suitable brickwork provided with a fireplace and flues connected
with a chimney so as to heat the pot from outside.
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the said Henry Wade Deacon
and Ferdinand Hurter.
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the said Henry Wade Deacon
and Ferdinand Hurter.

page_text: Sulphate of Ammonia.
We, HENRY WADE DEACON of Appleton House, Widnes Alkali Manufacturer and
FERDINAND HURTER Ph.D. of Wilmere House, Bold, Widnes, Analytical Chemist
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
Our Invention relates to apparatus for carrying out the process for treating sulphate
of Aumonia for which Letters Patent were granted to Eustace Carey, Holbrook
Gaskell the younger and one of us viz. the said Ferdinand Hurter dated the 25th day
of January A.D. 1884 and numbered 2118.
The said process consists essentially in heating to an elevated temperature in an
atmosphere of steam a mixture of Sulphate of Ammonia and Sulphate of Soda.
We will describe our present Invention with reference to the accompanying
Drawing Figure 1 of which is a sectional elevation and Figure 2 of which is a sectional
plan of apparatus constructed according to our Invention, A is a vessel hereinafter
called the "pot." It is preferably vertical and cylindrical and is made of any suitable
material such as cast iron, and is closed air tightly by means of a lid B in which is an
aperture C, capable of being closed air-tightly, through which aperture the mixture
of salts to be treated in the apparatus is charged into the pot. An outlet pipe D is
provided at the top of the cylinder, or in the lid as illustrated, through which outlet
pipe the gaseous ammonia and the steam escape and are conveyed to suitable absorbing
and condensing apparatus.
At or near the bottom of the pot we provide an aperture E, closed by a plug F
through which aperture the fused salts are withdrawn when the operation is completed.
There may be but one such aperture E or there may be several such apertures each
closed by a plug F. Within the pot close to the bottom we place a small central
chamber, or vessel G of cast iron, or other suitable material, provided with a number
of radiating horizontal pipes g which serve to distribute superheated steam supplied
thereto by a pipe H connected to a suitable apparatus for supplying the super-
heated steam. The supply pipe H, is shewn as passing through the lid B, but it
may pass through the bottom, or the side, of the pot if preferred. For the purpose
of obtaining as perfect a distribution of the steam as possible we place immediately
over the pipes and around the central vessel G a false bottom J perforated in such
manner that the area of the said false bottom has holes distributed equally over it.
We make the false bottom J of less diameter than the internal diameter of the pot
and we provide it with a downward flange K having several projections or feet L by
which the false bottom rests upon the bottom of the pot. We also preferably provide
projections from the side to keep the false bottom in place sideways. The false
bottom J forms a shallow vessel surrounding the steam chamber and covering the
I

page_text: space in which the distributing pipes are contained and the steam passes either
through the annular open space between the flange and the interior of the pot or
through the perforations in the said false bottom according to the conditions of the
charge. When the charge of mixed salts is first introduced in the solid condition it
blocks up the perforations in the false bottom J. the steam escaping from under the
false bottom between the feet L and up all around the circumference of the interior of
the pot at which part the steam is first required as the charge first fuses at this part.
As the mass fuses the perforations in the false bottom J become freed and when the
whole charge is fused the liquid itself lutes the space at the circumference of the false
bottom and the steam issues through the said perforations only and is automatically
and equally distributed over the whole area. In order to prevent the frictional action
of the steam from wearing away the pot, which is likely to be the case if the velocity
of the issuing stean be at all great, we place between the pot and the feet of the false
bottom at the part most liable to such wear a ring, or tray M (preferably of cast iron)
which can readily be removed when it is worn and be replaced by another such ring
or tray. The false bottom J, the central steam chamber G and the radiating pipes g
may be all cast in one piece if desired but the several parts may be cast or formed
and fitted together in any way which may be most convenient. The pot is set in
suitable brickwork provided with a fire place and flues connected with a chimney and
by the fire in the said fire place the pot is heated from the outside.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we observe that we do not limit
ourselves to the precise details illustrated in the accompanying Drawings as it will be
evident that they may be varied without departing from the nature of our Invention,
we declare that what we claim is :-
First. In apparatus for producing ammonia from Sulphate of Ammonia (by mixture
with Sulphate of Soda), a Steam Chamber so constructed or arranged, that the Steam
first escapes at the sides of the pot to there act on the charge and subsequently
escapes to act on the charge through perforations in the main body of the steam
chamber or steam way substantially as hereinbefore described.
Second. In apparatus for producing ammonia from Sulphate of ammonia (by
mixture with Sulphate of Soda), a distributing arrangement consisting of a central
steam chamber (G) with distributing pipes (g) and a perforated false bottom (J) with.
spaces between itself and the internal sides and the bottom of the pot substantially as
hereinbefore described.
Third. The apparatus for producing ammonia from Sulphate of Ammonia (by
mixture with Sulphate of Soda) the said apparatus consisting of the arrangement and
combination of parts herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
Data the 14th dow of Anni 1007