Improvements in or connected with Cements or Cement Work.
Year: 1894

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Date of Application, 17th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 21st Apr., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Cements or Cement Work.
We, CHARLES AUGUSTUS ROPES of 9 Princes Avenue, Liverpool, in' the
County of Lancaster, Merchant, and JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS of Bridge
Street, Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by. the following
statement :-
This invention has more particularly for its object to provide cement or
cementitious material, which shall be cheap and economical, and more especially
suitable or applicable for use in connection with bodies where the cement will come
in contact with water more or less, or where the body to which it is applied on one
or both sides, or at a part, or wholly, submerged or disposed under water; as for
instance, for the stopping of leaks in ships, vessele, pipes, and so forth; for joints
of plates, pipes, subjected to contact more or less with water, as a covering or
coating to walls, chambers, vessels, and other surfaces, where such surfaces' are
subjected to water or dampness from either back or front, or both, and where it
is desirable to prevent the passage of water through the same; also for constructing
tanks and vessels. Although it is particularly directed to means and purposes
such as above, yet it may be used also with advantage as an adhesive for general
purposes, and for adhering things together, excepting as a fire cement, or cement
for high and medium temperatures.
The invention has also for its object to make or produce cement, or articles made
of cement, or lined or coated with same, which shall be impervious to water in
all ways.
A cement according to one part of this invention comprises silicate of soda,
sulphate or carbonate of baryta, and Portland cement, or Roman cement, or other
equivalent cementitious material.
b.
The proportions in which the ingredients above specified may be used to produce
a cement which will remain in an active state, that is unset for such a length of
time as will be convenient, or as will enable the cement to be applied and the job
finished' before it sets, is about 4 parts by weight of barytes, 3 by silicate of soda,
and 4 of Portland cement or Roman cement or other suitable cementitious
material.
When the cement is to be used in cases where it has to set under water, or under
analogous conditions, a greater proportion of Portland cement or the like may be
used so as to make it firm, whereas the compound as above given in the proportions
named, will be in more fluid consistency, or approach the fluid state more nearly.
In making joints between-plates, or other things, as joints of pipes &c., the
material may be applied in the same manner as red lead, putty, or the like, and the
plate or other thing joined up in any desired way.
'
For stopping leaks in plates of ships, or any vessels, or shot holes, the material,
that is compound cement, may be applied by the hand or clamped on in any known
suitable way, or held up to the part by any suitable backing. In any event,
however, the cement will adhere to the metal firmly and will entirely stop leakage,
and moreover the cement will not allow, water to pass through it.
In the application of cement as above described under this invention, the
Portland, or other cement, should be mixed with the other materials (which may
be mixed at any time) as shortly before its use, as may be convenient,' as' for
instance for half an hour, or an hour or thereabouts.

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and
or
In some cases under this invention, the cement may be applied to parts as to
joints of plates, or pipe flanges and couplings, or analogous cases, in parts or layers,
that is to say, the barytes silicate of soda may be applied, say as paint, to the
surfaces, or one of them, of the two parts to be connected or joined, and then the
Portland or Roman or like cement applied on the surface of said layer, this being
conveniently done by being dusted, thrown, or blown on. In such a case, the
setting of the compound cement will be delayed for up to 3, 4, or more hours; and
hence, where it is desideratum that a greater length of time should be afforded
during which the cement will remain active or remain unset, this method of
application may be applied with advantage.
In this mode of application, the pressure applied to the parts to be joined, in
being joined, is an important element as regards the more efficient action of the
cement; and when this mode is availed of in coating surfaces, as walls, vessels,
blocks, bricks, and so forth, the Portland, Roman, or like cement, should be pressed
into the layer of barytes silicate of soda. This may be done by dabbing it in
by a brush or by other suitable means. This forms a water tight surface also.
and
or
The cement according to this invention, when applied to metal surfaces will not
cause them to rust, but on the contrary will preserve them against rusting; and
according to this invention in cases where ordinary cement is applied to iron or
steel plates, as in cementing the bottoms of ships, I first coat the surface with a thin
layer of the compound cement herein described (as by painting it with a layer of
barytes and silicate of soda, and then dusting, throwing, or equivalently applying
Portland, Roman, or like cement, as described), or with silicate of soda alone, and
then applying the ordinary cement.
or
To make the barytes and silicate of soda more or less fluid or so as to be capable
of being used as a paint, water may be added to it.
Existing (or new) ordinary cement work may, in some cases, be provided
externally with a coating of the compound cement by applying it thereto by the
two layer method above described, or by applying it as a thin layer of the
compound at once. Or, again silicate of soda alone may be first applied and then
the Portland or like cement dusted or equivalently applied thereon.
According to another part of this invention, to make ordinary cement as Portland
cement, Roman cement, and the like, more impervious to water or liquid after the
cement has been applied, or a cement article made, it is treated with alum in a
liquid state, or other suitable state; or, first with silicate of soda and then when
dry, by the alum. When so treating an article of ordinary cement with liquid
alum, the article is placed in such liquid, or the liquid in the article; or, in any
case the liquid alum, or silicate of soda, (or silicate of soda and then alum) may be
applied by a brush, spray, or otherwise, to the surfaces of ordinary articles or
coatings or surfaces. Thus any kind of articles made of ordinary cement, or
cement work of any ordinary kind covering surfaces, objects, parts, or otherwise,
will be rendered more impervious to water, or waterproof; the action being that
the silicate of alumina formed by the addition of the alum, swells and fills the
pores of the cement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
.
1. The herein described cement for application to uses or purposes herein
specified comprising sulphate of baryta, or carbonate of baryta, silicate of soda,
and Portland cement, or Roman cement, or equivalent cementitious material, and
in or about the proportions set forth.
2. The employment in connection with the surface of Portland cement, or other
like cement work, of silicate of soda, and carbonate of baryta, or sulphate of
baryta, and Portland or like cement applied to the surfaces of such cement work;
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
.17.

page_text: 3. In or in connection with the making of metallic joints by cement, the herein
described improvement, wherein carbonate of baryta, or sulphate of baryta, and
silicate of soda, are first applied as a layer to one or both of the surfaces of the
joint to be made, and then Portland or equivalent cement is applied thereon;
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
4. The herein described improvement in or connected with cement or cement
work, consisting in treating same with, or applying to same, alum, or silicate of
soda, or silicate of soda and alum, whereby such cement or cement work is
improved and rendered impervious to water or moisture.
5. The herein described improvement connected with cement coverings of or for
metallic surfaces consisting in the use of multiple coatings in layers, the first next
the plate surface being silicate of soda, or a compound material comprising
carbonate of baryta, or sulphate of baryta, and silicate of soda (and, preferably,
also Portland or like cement), and then ordinary cement in or over it; substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 16th day of March 1894.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.