matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BLOCKS AND TILES FOR BUILDING PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Butler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th June 1878.
EDWARD BUTLER, of Hove, near Brighton, in the County of Sussex. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BLOCKS AND TILES FOR BUILDING PURPOSES."
The object of this Invention is the manufacture of colored blocks and facing tiles
for building purposes, of great durability, economically, and without requiring to be
burnt or baked.
In carrying out my Invention I employ suitable moulds into which I place a
quantity of sand and Portland cement properly mixed; on the upper surface of this
sand and Portland cement I place a layer of Portland cement mixed with Venetian
red and "Spanish brown," or other suitable coloring matter, according to the color
required for the facing of the block or tile. The required pressure is then applied
to thoroughly press the same, and the block or tile, which will thus be formed with
a colored facing, is then removed and placed in the open air to dry.
It will be understood that the block or tile may be formed, colored on more than
one of its surfaces, and of any suitable form, either plain or curved, according to the
use to which it is to be applied.
By these means I obtain blocks or tiles suitable for facing purposes, of great
durability, of any desired color on the face, and of smooth and even surfaco, such
blocks or tiles not requiring to be burnt or baked, although they may be cut with a
trowel in the same manner as ordinary bricks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR AUTOMATICALLY PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF SEWER OR OTHER GASES OR VAPOURS FROM SEWERS, DRAINS, OR SOIL PIPES CON- NECTED WITH BUILDINGS, SHIPS, OR OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lucas Paterson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th June 1878.
THOMAS LUCAS PATERSON, of Dowanhill, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR AUTOMATICALLY PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF
SEWER OR OTHER GASES OR VAPOURS FROM SEWERS, DRAINS, OR SOIL PIPES CON-
NECTED WITH BUILDINGS, SHIPS, OR OTHER STRUCTURES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the arrangement and con-
struction of valves for the better prevention of the escape of sewer or other gases or
vapours through soil or sewer pipes, drains, or other pipes connected with buildings,
ships, or other structures, and it consists in the construction and use of a flap or
hinged valve, preferably made of glass, crystal, porcelain, or other silvered, gilded,
or other incorrosive metallic or mineral substance for keeping clean, and hinged at
its upper perimeter when used for horizontal pipes, or hinged at the side and loaded
or counterbalanced by a weight when used for vertical pipes, so as to be automatic
in action, allowing the free discharge of the water or sewage, and immediately closing
on the cessation of the flow of any liquid or other matter, thus thoroughly preventing
any return or reflux of the sewer or other noxious gases or vapours. When this
valve is used in horizontal pipes, and being hinged at its upper perimeter, it opens
by the pressure of the discharge of the water or sewage, and allows it to pass, and
again closes by gravitation automatically against a seat composed of similar material
to the valve itself, or of india-rubber or other suitable material, thus completely
preventing the back rush or escape of vapours; and when used in vertical pipes it
is hinged at or in the side of the pipe, and loaded or counterbalanced by a weight
on the outer end of a lever or rod projecting outside the pipe, which renders the
valve thoroughly automatic and efficient in action, the luting or seat of auticorrosive
or other material effectually preventing any escape or back rush of noxious gases
or vapours.
In addition to the uses of this valve as above described, it may be applied in a
similar manner to the outer ends of ventilating or air admission pipes attached to

page_text: or leading to sewage or soil pipes, in which case it is hinged vertically and opens
inwards to allow of the free admission of pure air into such sewage or soil pipes, so
as to secure a supply of pure air to displace the noxious gases therein, at the same
time it is so fitted as to close automatically against any down draught or back flow
of air or gas from said sewage or soil pipe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS For Lighting by ElectricITY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Daniel Tilleard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1878.
FREDERIC DANIEL TILLEARD, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS For Lighting by ElectricITY."
The object of this Invention is the utilization of the "Jablochkoff" or other
system of lighting by electricity, and is chiefly applicable for lighting locomotives,
railway carriages, steamships, and steam tram cars, but is also applicable to other
lighting purposes in which electricity may be employed, and my Invention consists
in the construction and employment of an improved lamp in which the intensity of
the electric light is so subdued as to render it applicable to the above stated
purpose.
My improved lamp is constructed of a suitable box or case of iron or other
opaque material provided with two or more apertures at the base from which
extend mirrors or reflectors of glass, metal, or other suitable material so placed as
to receive and reflect the light in the direction required.
The light produced by any suitable known system of electric lighting will be
under perfect control, and may therefore be extinguished when not required, and
relighted without any inconvenience or delay, which arrangement avoids the
expense of constantly burning the light when not required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1878. A communication
from abroad by Anton Zenisek and Doctor Carl Schmidt, both of Dobrawic,
Bohemia.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SUGAR." [A communication from abroad by Anton Zenisek and Doctor Carl
Schmidt, both of Dobrawic, Bohemia.]
This Invention has for its object the obtaining of crystallisable sugar from fluids,
from which it has hitherto been difficult or practically impossible to extract
crystallisable sugar; and the said Invention is based on the observation that the
crystallization of the sugar is prevented by the presence of free alkalis and their
compounds with organic acids, as well as by the presence of protein substances.
The removal of these matters is effected according to the present Invention by
decomposing the alkaline salts by means of hydrofluor silicic acid, and precipitating
them from a cold solution, and by using tannic acid to separate the protein
substances. For this purpose the molasses or similar fluid is diluted in a cold state
to about eight degrees Baumé, and this fluid is conducted into vessels arranged in
a cool place of a temperature of about thirty-seven to forty-two degrees Fahrenheit,
according to the quantity of alkali contained in the fluid from three to eight per
cent. of hydrofluor silicic acid (H, Si Fl.), and immediately afterwards about two-
tenths
per cent. of tannic acid in solution are added. The mixture is then well
stirred, and allowed to stand for from two to six hours, until the precipitate con-
sisting mainly of protein substances and fluor silicates of alkali has settled. The
[Price 201

page_text: clear liquid is then forced through a filter, and finally saturated with lime filtered
through charcoal, and generally treated like fresh beetroot juice.
The residues in the vessels are mixed together and passed through filters arranged
in a cool place, and the clear fluid proceeding from the filters is added to the other
clear fluid.
:
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IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING TILES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Tellwright, Joseph Meir
Watkin, Robert Sneyd, and John Sneyd at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 30th April 1878.
SAMUEL TELLWRIGHT and JOSEPH MEIR WATKIN, of Cobridge, and ROBERT SNEYD
and JOHN SNEYD, of Etruria, all in the County of Stafford, Brick and Tile Manu-
facturers. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING TILES AND
SIMILAR ARTICLES."
"
Our said Invention relates to improvements in machinery for manufacturing tiles
for roofing, flooring, or other purposes, and other articles of plastic material which
have a similar form or configuration, and which are or may be used for similar
purposes.
The said Invention consists chiefly in the combination with a pug mill or similar
apparatus, and a pair of rollers of a die which is so formed and arranged in relation
to the said rollers that the clay or plastic material as it leaves the said rollers
passes through the said die and thereby receives the desired sectional form or
configuration.
In carrying our said Invention into practice we prefer to use a horizontal cylinder,
through the centre of which extends a shaft which operates in the usual manner to
mix and feed forward the clay or plastic material; this is geared with a driving
shaft, which is also geared with and operates the aforesaid rollers. From the end of
the said cylinder extends a conical or taper passage, one of the said rollers being
above and the other below the same, their peripheries projecting into the said
passage, and through the latter the clay passes between the said rollers. The afore-
said die is placed in the outer extremity of this passage in close proximity to the
said rollers, so that the clay passes directly from these rollers into and through the
said die.
Outside or beyond the die we may arrange a series of rollers or other suitable
travelling support to receive the band or strip of clay or plastic material as it issues
from the die. The said die may be made of any desired form or configuration,
according to the shape desired to be given to the tiles or other articles; it may be
Davin 971

page_text: made of iron or other suitable material, and secured in the machine by sliding into
a frame, or by bolts, wedges, or other convenient means. We prefer to form the
said die with inclined edges at the side, on which the clay enters the same, and to
make its interior surfaces bevelled or tapered from its inlet to its outlet side. The
clay or plastic material, after passing through the said die, is cut or divided into
portions of any desired length to form the tiles or other articles.
INSTRUMENTS FOR TAKING AND INDICATING LEVELS AND PERPENDICULARS FOR BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ryan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1878.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
JOHN RYAN, of Battersea, in the County of Surrey.
INSTRUMENTS FOR TAKING AND INDICATING LEVELS AND PERPENDICULARS FOR
BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in instruments for taking and indicating
levels and perpendiculars for building and other purposes in place of plumb lines
and spirit or other levels. For this purpose, in carrying out my Invention in the
construction of a builder's level, or instruments for taking levels and perpendiculars,
I take a board of wood of a suitable length (or it may be a length of metal or other
suitable material), the edges of which are planed or made perfectly level and true
one with the other. In the centre a dial is let in or mounted, arranged with
divisions to indicate the level or amount of the angle of any horizontal or perpen-
dicular line upon which the edge of the levelling instrument is placed. A pointer
is mounted upon an axis in the centre of the dial, the opposite end of the pointer
being weighted so as to cause it to assume a perpendicular position at all times by
its own gravity, and thus indicate upon the dial level, perpendicular and angular
lines, according to the position in which the instrument is placed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING THE HOUR WHEN DOSES OF MEDICINE SHOULD BE TAKEN, AND IN APPERATUS THEREFor
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix MoIlvenna at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th November 1878.
"
FELIX MCILVENNA, of Waterloo Buildings, Wood Street, Liverpool, in the, County
of Lancaster. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING THE HOUR WHEN DOSES OF MEDICINE
SHOULD BE TAKEN, AND IN APPERATUS THEREFor."
This Invention consists in attaching to a bottle in any convenient manner a
clock face with a hand capable of being moved round.
On the face are the hours marked in the usual manner, and on large letters the
words NEXT DOSE AT or equivalent words.
The dial can be hung from the neck of the bottle by a chain, string, or india-
rubber band, or can be attached to the bottle by spring clip.
.
In using it, when the nurse or patient takes a dose he moves the hand on to the.
hour when the next dose should be taken. It is then constantly exposed as a
reminder, and no one need bear in mind when the last dose was taken, or which of
two medicines taken alternately comes next.
When the medicine is in a tumbler a hook or spring clip can be used, while if
it be contained in a box or tube bottle with a cork, a spike on the back of the
dial or other convenient position will do instead of the spring clip or chain.
AN IMPROVED CYLINDER FLUTE ON THE OLD SYSTEM OF FINGERING WITHOUT ALTERING THE UPPER C
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Carter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1878.
HENRY CARTER, Bandmaster, Suffolk Artillery Militia, of 42, St. Mathew Street,
Ipswich, Suffolk. "AN IMPROVED CYLINDER FLUTE ON THE OLD SYSTEM OF
FINGERING WITHOUT ALTERING THE UPPER C."
That by a mechanical contrivance the forefinger of the left hand presses down to
cover to top or D hole; it also closes at the same time an extra hole, which is
made for that purpose, and is equivalent to B flat, the mechanism being so arranged
that when the middle finger of the left hand presses down to cover the B natural
hole, the extra made B flat hole is imperceptibly left open, thus giving the important
advantage of producing the CB without altering the old system of fingering as on
the conical flute.
The mechanism is also contrived to cover four or five holes with the three
fingers only of the left hand, giving perfection and cheapness to the cylinder flute
on the old system of fingering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO MOTORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William North at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th November 1878.
"
WILLIAM NORTH, of Huddersfield, in the County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRO MOTORS."
This Invention relates to such electro-motors as consist of a series of electro
magnets mounted upon a spindle or axis, and my improvements consist in a new
arrangement of such magnets, whereby longer magnets may be employed without
increasing the size of the apparatus. In cases where two magnets, consisting
altogether of four coils, are mounted on the spindle, the coils would represent the
north and south poles alternately, and there would be three neutral or nodal points
in the armature, but if the coils are so connected that the two north poles are
adjacent, and the two south poles adjacent to each other, there will then be only one
nodal point in the armature, and the strength of the magnets will be greatly
increased.
AN IMPROVED BRIDLE FOR STOPPING OR CHECKING RESTIVE AND UNMANAGEABLE HORSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Prosper Chevillier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th February 1878.
PROSPER CHEVILLIER, of 201, Rue de Paris, Montreuil sous Bois, Seine, Republic
of France, Jeweller by trade. "AN IMPROVED BRIDLE FOR STOPPING OR CHECKING
RESTIVE AND UNMANAGEABLE HORSES."
I propose to apply to the nose band of a bridle a spring; this spring is made
to divide towards the end furthest from the nose band into two parts or pads, from
the ends of each of which a rein will pass through a ring on the bit, joining in a
single rein before reaching the driver, who by pulling thereupon may cause the two
pads to press more or less tightly upon the nostrils of the animal, and thus gradually
or rapidly check its breathing as he may desire.
I propose to attach this spring pad to the nose band by a thumbscrew or other
suitable means, and to pass the nose band in the cheek strap so that it may be set
at the proper distance from the nostrils.
I propose to cover the exterior of the spring forming the spring pad with leather,
and to well pad the inner face of the pads coming upon the nostrils, as also the
other part of the spring and the nose band.
My Invention may be applied without difficulty to any bridle.
With some animals it may be found desirable to reverse the spring pad and
restrain from beneath.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Peacock at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1878.
JOSEPH PEACOCK, of Golspie, N. B.
WRITING AND DRAWING PENCIL-CASES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
This improved pencil-case consists of two parts, of cylindrical or other approved
form, alike in shape and action, each part having points for the reception of the
material to be used. Each of these parts contains a reservoir for the purpose of
holding a supply of the drawing or writing materials for replenishing the points of
the pencil-case; this reservoir is formed around an inner casing with a closed end
containing the usual propelling motion for actuating the writing or drawing
material.
The two parts forming two distinct and complete pencils are connected together
by means of an internally screwed collar having a division in the centre. Near
each point are one or more small indicator holes bored through the point, each alter-
nate hole being at right angles to and equidistant from the adjoining holes. When
the pencil is in use by withdrawing the propeller a little light may be seen through
one of these holes if the writing or drawing material is so far exhausted as to
require replenishing. The points of the two parts forming the pencil-case may be
adapted to use similar or dissimilar sizes, colors, or description of leads, or other
writing or drawing materials.
This improved pencil-case may be constructed wholly of metal or partly of metal
and partly of other suitable material.
MENTS IN DIRECT-ACTING STEAM PUMPS."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Slee at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 25th March 1878.
$6
JOHN SLEE, of Earlestown, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DIRECT-ACTING STEAM PUMPS."
The valve chest is cast with the cylinder, and it is bored out to receive a
cylindrical valve, in the centre of which there is another cylindrical valve which is
actuated by a spindle passing through a stuffing box in the valve chest, which
spindle is connected by a rod with a lever having its fulcrum upon any convenient
part from the bed, which lever is connected with the piston rod, so that the small
central cylindrical valve moves with the piston, but to a much smaller extent.
There is a port in the large cylindrical valve which keeps the central valve
constantly supplied with steam, and there are ports in the small central valve
which admit and cut off steam to ports in the large cylindrical valve which admit
steam to the piston.
There are ports in the large valve to open and close exhaust ports of the usual
arrangement in the cylinder, and there are two ports in the large valve which are
opened and closed by the small valve to admit steam to the ends of the large valve,
and there is a small port at each end of the valve chest which communicates with
the steam port for the piston.
In the cylinder the ports for steam and exhaust are separate and distinct, and
when the piston has travelled nearly to the end of its stroke, that side of the piston
which has the steam acting upon it uncovers the exhaust port and the steam escapes
through the exhaust valve, and at the same moment the steam is exhausted through
the passage for steam (which is at that time closed by the large valve), and this
allows the steam at the opposite end of the large valve to move it over, at which
time steam is admitted to the opposite side of the piston, the central valve having
moved sufficiently to bring its ports in the position to do this, and so on for each
stroke.
The barrel for the pump, whether for water or air, is made with a small passage

page_text: or port at each end, the distance between the ports being equal to the thickness of the
piston, so that when the piston for the pump arrives at or near the end of its stroke
at either end, the small quantity of fluid in front of the piston may pass along the
said passage to the back of the piston, and thus relieve the steam piston of pressure
and gradually allow the pump clack valve to close.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RUFFLE BUTTONS, OR BUTTONS FOR FASTENING ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferd Denckmann at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1878.
FERD DENCKMANN, of Grosser Burstah, 14, Hamburg. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RUFFLE BUTTONS, OR BUTTONS FOR FASTENING ARTICLES OF DRESS."
This Invention of improvements in ruffle buttons relates to an improved con-
struction which saves much of the trouble caused by the ordinary buttons of this
class in fastening and unfastening, and prevents the button becoming unfastened
accidentally from the ruffle or sleeve.
In the accompanying Drawings my improvements are represented on a slightly
enlarged scale of an ordinary button.
Figures 1 and 2 represent the button attached to the ruffle; Figures 3 and 4
represent it detached.
The blade a, the pin 8, and the plate d, are fastened solidly to each other, whilst
the blade b, which forms one piece with the case g, will be able to turn up to about
an angle of 180°. The case g is guided by the recess in the plate d, and contains a
helical spring round the pin s, that by its elasticity forces the blades a and b to
remain in either position, especially in that which is represented by Figures 1 and
2, where one edge of the blade a is placed towards the corresponding edge of the
blade b in the recess e, formed by the case g and the blade b.
In order to attach the button to the ruffle, the button is put through the button
holes in the position represented by the Figures 3 and 4, and turned to the right
into the position shown by the Figures 1 and 2. To detach the button, a light
pressure is required until it can be turned to the left and removed out of the ruffle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR THE ROLLERS AND BOLSTERS USED IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Shaw and Josiah Haguo at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1878.
CHARLES SHAW, of Egret Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster,
and JOSIAH HAGUE, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BEARINGS FOR THE ROLLERS AND BOLSTERS USED IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
This Invention relates to an improved material and construction for forming the
bearings for the rollers, saddles, and hangers used in machinery for spinning cotton
and other fibrous substances, whereby the use of lubricants is dispensed with, and
consequently a large saving in time and lubricating material is effected.
For the purpose of this Invention we employ glass or other similar vitreous sub-
stance for forming the bearings which we let into the stand at the part where the
rollers are carried, whilst the saddles and hangers may be wholly constructed of
glass or other similar vitreous substance, or in part of metal, and bushed with such
vitreous substance at the bearing parts.
In the case of bolsters running upon metal spindles we bush the said bolsters
with glass or other similar vitreous substance, either throughout or in the case of
large bolsters, for a short distance at each end.
AN IMPROVED CASTER FOR FURNITURE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1878. A communication
from Monsieur Nicolas-Xavier Braidy, 10, Rue Oberkampf, Paris, in the
Republic of France.
HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Republic
of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent.
"AN IMPROVED CASTER FOR FURNITURE." [A communication from Monsieur
Nicolas-Xavier Braidy, 10, Rue Oberkampf, Paris, in the Republic of France.]
The improved caster is composed of a rod soldered to the roller carrier as in the
ordinary caster, and passing through a plate and into a barrel; a pin passes through
the rod and holds it.
The barrel which contains the rod is enlarged above the plate for receiving the
pin.
The rod in turning bears on the bottom of the barrel, and its vertical position is
ensured by the barrel itself which contains it and adjusts itself to it.
The enlargement of the barrel is large enough to allow the exterior projections
of the pin to turn therein, and two holes opposite each other allow of placing
and removing the pin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS SUSPENDERS, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Featherstonhaugh Empson and
John Wood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February
1878.
FRANK FEATHERSTONHAUGH EMPSON, Jeweller, and JOHN WOOD, Machinist, both
of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS SUSPENDERS,
WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
Our improvements in dress suspenders consist in simplifying the means for
attaching and detaching them to and from the articles of dress, and in making
them to withstand a greater strain without injury to the fabric or material of the
garment requiring to be held up, to realize which we take a piece of wire of
suitable length, to one end of which we secure a circular disc, which may be of any
other ornamental shape; the other end we so fashion that a portion of the wire is
turned into a loop, with the remaining portion standing out and acting as a V spring,
the loop or circle giving it elasticity; this forms one side or bar of the suspender;
for the other side we take a similar length of wire, having a corresponding disc at
one end, and is so formed as to act as a lever when secured to the other side or bar.
To connect the two parts together we planish them both at a required distance
from the said loop; we them take a flat piece of metal of any ornamental design,
and so bend it that by putting two rivets through holes made in its sides, and
through corresponding holes made in the planished parts of the bars before men-
tioned it will hold the two parts together, the hole in the lever side of the wire
being enlarged to allow the rivet to act as an axis for the said bar to work on. To
connect this suspender to the dress we purpose having a girdle, which may be of
chain or cord, with an ordinary swivel at the end, which may be connected to the
suspender by being passed through the loop actuating the spring, when a sufficient
portion of the dress may be taken in one hand, holding the suspender in the other,
and a slight pressure upon the lever will act upon the spring end of the loop, and
allow this arm to open, riding on the rivetted axis, and from its form in this part
will remain open till the suspender is placed in position upon the dress, when a
DJ1

page_text: slight pressure will cause the arm to collapse and hold securely to the said
garment.
We may place a ball or other suitable ornament on the lever arm, if required,
to give greater bearing for the thumb when attaching the suspender to the
garment.
We do not limit ourselves to making them of wire, as they may be stamped from
sheet metal in any ornamental design.
Our improvements can be applied to letter clips, and for the suspension of articles
in shop windows.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FOOTBOARDS TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wickens at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th August 1878.
HENRY WICKENS, of Palmerston Buildings, Old Broad Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FOOTBOARDS
TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES."
My Invention consists of a plank or board of sufficient strength to bear the
weight of a passenger entering or alighting from a railway carriage, fastened to the
body or framework of the carriage horizontally by means of a strong hinge or
movable joint and support to allow the plank to be moved as a flap upwards and
downwards.
According to my Invention, when the door of the carriage is closed, the plank will
be turned up to a vertical position and so held against the side of the carriage or
framework thereof, which may be done by a spring or balance weight, and when
the door is opened the consequent pressure thereof against the plank will turn it
downwards to right angle, and it will be held there by the pressure of the door on
the surface of the plank and so form a footboard to the carriage. When the door is
again closed the footboard will be forced up to its vertical position and held as above
mentioned.
The height of the footboard from the rails must be regulated with reference to
the height of the railway platform, and its breadth according to the distance from
the carriage to the platform. If this footboard be fixed below the bottom edge of
the door of the carriage it may be necessary to have an arm or shoe at the bottom
of the door to turn it downwards and hold it in its position until it is liberated and
forced up as above mentioned.
AN IMPROVED AIR GUN
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Alexander Webb at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1878.-A communi-
cation from abroad by Willhelm Rosner, of Mohrenstrasse, 29, Cologne,
Germany.
ROBERT ALEXANDER WEBB, of 152, Upper Thames Street, in the City of London,
Merchant. "AN IMPROVED AIR GUN." [A communication from abroad by Willhelm
Rosner, of Mohrenstrasse, 29, Cologne, Germany.]
An ordinary barrel or tube with piston fitted with open movable collar and
india-rubber or other pliable substance. The piston is drawn to admit air into the
barrel. The collar is then opened and a flat peice of paper or similiar substance
placed within the collar upon the piece of india-rubber. The closing of the collar
then makes the barrel air-tight. By pushing the piston up the barrel a loud report
takes place by reason of the small piece of paper bursting. As there is no discharge
of any kind the gun can be fired without danger, and is useful for frightening
birds, fowls, and domestic animals without injuring them.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD FOR FENCING ROUND PARKS AND OTHER ENCLOSED SPACES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Faulkner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1878.
DAVID FAULKNER, of the Parish of Walton-upon-Thames, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD FOR FENCING ROUND PARKS
AND OTHER ENCLOSED SPACES."
The Invention consists of the use for fencing purposes of corugated iron sheets
with vandyked and folded tops. These sheets are rivetted to and placed side by
side, and are supported on the side nearest the enclosure by a framework of angular
bars. These angular bars are kept up in position by strong iron posts, placed at
distances of about twelve feet apart. These posts are in a slanting position, and
stand upon iron bases under the ground.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ROLLING AND STRIKING LEATHER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hamlyn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1878.
RICHARD HAMLYN, of Shalford, in the County of Surrey, Tanner.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ROLLING AND STRIKING LEATHER."
"IMPROVE-
Heretofore in apparatus for rolling leather, the bed upon which the skin has
been supported, whilst a weighted roller or rollers has been moved to and fro over
it, has been either of wood, or in some cases to obtain a more polished surface, it has
been of metal.
When metal is used the skins are however liable to be stained and discoloured.
Other materials have also been tried but have not been able to sustain the heavy
pressures to which they are subjected.
According to my Invention I use as the bed a stout sheet of glass set with cement
at the back, or otherwise firmly and uniformly supported.
By thus using a bed of glass I am not only enabled to obtain a higher degree of
polish, but also avoid all risk of discolouring or staining the surface of the leather.
The rollers may be moved to and fro over the leather by mechanical appliances
or by hand, as heretofore.
The striking beams used when striking leather may likewise be of glass firmly
supported and bedded.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING ELECTRIC LIGHT
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustavus Palmer Harding at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1878.
GUSTAVUS PALMER HARDING, of No. 66, Avenue de Champs Elysees, Paris, in
the Republic of France, now residing at the Buckingham Palace Hotel, in the City
of Westminster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING ELECTRIC LIGHT."
This Invention has for its object improvements in obtaining electric light.
When carbon points and similar electrodes are employed apparatus of a compli-
cated nature is now made use of to gradually feed the electrodes forward as they
are consumed and to compensate for unequal waste. This I effect by supporting
the weight of the electrodes by columns of fluid maintained by a constant head.
As the electrode wastes its weight depresses the column in a less and less degree,
and a corresponding rise takes place in the column which carries the electrode up
with it to the amount requisite to effect the desired compensation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hahlo, Charles Edward
Liebreich, and Theophilus Hanson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 15th July 1878.
CHARLES HAHLO and CHARLES EDWARD LIEBREICH, both of Bradford, in the
County of York, Merchants and Machine Makers, and THEOPHILUS HANSON, of
Bradford aforesaid, Mechanic. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to the construction of improved apparatus for weaving or
knitting the inner selvages when two or more "pieces" or cloths are being woven
in one loom, and by the use of such improved apparatus the "bands" and straps
heretofore employed are dispensed with.
According to this our Invention we employ two (or more) needles; through the
eyes of each a selvage warp thread is passed; the needles are mounted in a frame
and receive. from the crank shaft (or other going part of the loom) a rising-and-
falling motion; a second pair of needles having warp threads have a lateral motion
imparted thereto, so as to cross and knit the threads together and with the weft.
The lateral motion is given to the needles referred to by means of a finger
attached to the slide, which finger acts upon one side of a double incline, giving
motion to a T head and spindle, which latter and a connection operate the needles
laterally; next pick the finger will ascend the other incline, and so change the
position of the second pair of needles, giving them lateral motion in the opposite
or return direction, and so on at each pick.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR STRENGTHENING BEAMS, OR GIRDERS, OR SUPPORTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Ramsden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1878.
BENJAMIN RAMSDEN, of Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR STRENGTHENING BEAMS, OR GIRDERS, OR
SUPPORTS."
My improvements consist in the employment of the means or apparatus whereby
lighter beams, girders, or other supports may be more efficiently employed in roofs,
bridges, and for other purposes, having the effect of stiffening the beam, or girder,
or supports, preventing thereby buckling, and also increasing its strength for carrying
weight. For this purpose I apply a dead weight, by preference suspended at one or
both ends of the beam, or girder, or support. The dead weight is applied either
direct, or, in order to increase its power, intermediate lever or levers or their
equivalents may be employed.
The weight applied can be hidden when required in a pit below the surface of the
ground, and attached to the beam, or girder, or support by a rod, chain, or other
ordinary means. Instead of the ordinary dead weight hydraulic pressure may be
employed to give the required tension to the beam or girder. By this arrangement
roofs of large spans may be made or built suitable for longer spans or without the
application of intermediate columns or pillars; also bridges may be retained
perfectly rigid and constructed much lighter. This arrangement compensates for
the expansion or contraction of the parts of the beams, girders, or other supports.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND COOLING APPARATUS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1878. A communication
from abroad by Geza Zsadamyi, of Csany, Hungary.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex..
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND COOLING APPARATUS." (A communication from
abroad by Geza Zsadamyi, of Csany, Hungary.)
This Invention relates more particularly to certain improvements in the manufac-
ture of apparatus for heating and cooling purposes, and has for its object to make
such apparatus cheaper and more compendious than those now in use.
The Invention consists in securing by their edges on a metallic plate (the heating
or cooling surface properly so called) a number of thin sheets of copper, so that the
whole surface is entirely coated with these sheets. Instead of sheet copper bundles
of copper wire can be used. For steam boilers soft solder is sufficient, whilst for
caloriferes hard solder has to be used for securing the plates.
Heating or cooling surfaces made in this manner allow 20 per cent. greater quan-
tity of heat to pass than through an even surface, provided both are under the same
circumstances.
By using this construction it is possible to build the heating or cooling apparatus
much smaller, lighter, and in consequence at less expense than the apparatus hitherto
in use.
The Invention then substantially consists in the construction of heating and
cooling surfaces in such a manner that the space (which without that would have to
be left free for the circulation of the liquids) is used for affording to the liquid a
larger heating surface by soldering on the heating or cooling surface thin sheets of
copper or bands of copper wire at their ends, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN STEAM TRAPS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Sunner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1878.
GEORGE SUMNER, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. “IM-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM TRAPS."
My Invention relates to the apparatus employed to effect the discharge of the
water resulting from the condensation of steam within steam pipes or cylinders, or
parts of apparatus containing steam.
In one class of steam trap the outlet for the discharge of water is opened and
closed by the contraction and expansion of a metal pipe, and it is to this class
that my Invention principally relates.
In the apparatus as ordinarily constructed the end of a pipe is arranged to slide
towards and form a fixed adjustable valve.
According to my Invention I arrange for the said valve to slide as well as the
pipe, and I connect the said valve with the pipe, so that when the pipe slides in
one direction, the valve slides in the opposite direction to the same, or to a pro-
portionate extent.
In one arrangement the said pipe is formed or provided with a finger or pro-
jection, which is connected by means of a link or rod with a lever, which gives
motion to the valve. The said valve is formed or provided with a spindle, which
passes through a tube, which is arranged to slide within the same casting or body
as the said pipe. The outer end of the said spindle is provided with a hand wheel
or other suitable appliance in order that the valve can be rotated whenever
desirable to grind or clear the valve surface or surfaces. The portion of the said
tube projecting outside the body of the trap is screwed, and upon this part a sleevo
is mounted. The said sleeve is screwed to suit the said tube, and a forked end of
the aforesaid lever engages with the said sleeve. The trap is adjusted by turning
the said sleeve upon the said tube, and when adjusted the sleeve is or may be
fixed by means of a lock nut. The effect of the arrangement is that when the
said pipe is caused to slide in one direction, say for example, to permit the dis-
charge of water, the said valve is caused to slide in the opposite direction, whereby

page_text: a greater amount of opening or separation of the pipe and valve is obtained with a
given length of expansion pipe as compared with the ordinary arrangement.
The arrangements for connecting together the said pipe and tube, or valve, may
be varied, so long as the two parts are caused to slide in opposite directions, and
the Invention may also be employed in the construction of steam traps having two
valves arranged to be moved in opposite directions by the expansion and con-
traction of a metal rod, bar, or tube.
The arrangement for grinding or clearing the valve is applicable to valves not
arranged to slide in the manner herein indicated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BALLS FOR BILLIARDS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by Henry Woodward at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1878. (A communication by
Narcisse P. Fouquerolle, of Saint Denis, near Paris, France.)
HENRY WOODWARD, of No. 56. Witton Road, Aston, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BALLS FOR BILLIARDS
AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES." A communication by Narcisse P. Fouquerolle,
of Saint Denis, near Paris, France.
In making balls in india-rubber according to this Invention, the first operation
consists in preparing the rubber in the following manner :-
The rubber is plunged in boiling water and left for, say, 24 hours soaking. It
is then washed in cold water and scored in cold water, then it is drawn in strips
between two brass cylinders, cold, and in water. Then it is suspended in a stove
heated to, say, 77 degrees, and left for, say, about 80 hours.
Then the rubber thus prepared is kneaded.
Then the prepared rubber is vulcanized in the following manner:-
It is drawn out in sheets by means of heated cylinders, the sheets are cut into
bands and rolled into balls, which are placed in ordinary polished moulds and
heated for about two hours under a pressure equal to about three atmospheres, then
for about 1/, hours under a pressure equal to about 31, atmospheres, then for about
1 hour under a pressure equal to about 4%, atmospheres.
The balls are then ready for turning, after which they are ready for use with the
exception of colouring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILLING BOTTLES WITH BEER AND NON- GASEOUS OR PARTLY NON-GASEOUS LIQUIDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ormord Stephenson and William
Cordingley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April
1878.
ORMORD STEPHENSON, of Wakefield, in the County of York, Horehound Beer
Manufacturer, and WILLIAM CORDINGLEY, of Wakefield aforesaid, Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILLING BOTTLES WITH BEER AND NON-
GASEOUS OR PARTLY NON-GASEOUS LIQUIDS."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus designed to render the
internal stoppers available for liquids not gaseous, or not having gas pressure (at
the time of bottling) sufficient to hold and secure the stopper in its seating within
the neck of the bottle.
The apparatus comprises a stand for the bottle (inverted), a force pump, supply
pipes, valve motions, and an air tube working within a stuffing box, and along and
within a portion of the beer or liquid supply pipe, the said air tube being intro-
duced to and withdrawn from the bottle for purpose herein-after described.
The stopper may be any of the glass, porcelain, or weighted stoppers, having or
being seated upon india-rubber, as now used for gaseous liquids.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The bottle, inverted, is placed in its
holding frame, and the air tube (sealed at its ends) is introduced. The beer or
liquid on being forced in compresses the air within the bottle. In order to prevent
an excess of pressure there is a hole in the side of the air tube at a distance from
its upper end, through which and by way of an exit hole in the said pipe above the
stuffing box air escapes, until the beer or liquid rising within the bottle immerses
the upper air hole, and cuts off escape, whereon the remaining air is so further com-
pressed as that on withdrawal of the tube from the bottle to its stuffing box, and
the reversal of the bottle, the compressed air forces and holds the stopper to its seat
in the neck of the bottle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING SCENIC AND OTHER EFFECTS FOR THEATRICAL AND LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Norman Aronson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1878.
JOSEPH NORMAN ARONSON, of Great Swan Alley, in the City of London,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING SCENIC AND OTHER EFFECTS FOR
THEATRICAL AND LIKE PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in producing scenic and other effects for
theatrical and like purposes.
According to my Invention I dress the scenery with Geisler or vacuum tubes, of
which any desired number and pattern are employed, and arranged in any device
or design wished. These tubes are connected with the source of electricity by one
line wire arranged with a series of switches or keys, so that any one, or any
number or series of the vacuum tubes may be cut out of circuit, or the current
through them be reduced, so that at any moment desired they may have the light
shut off or reduced to produce any particular scenic effect; or the tubes may be
arranged in series, and each series have a separate line wire; or each tube may
have a separate line wire, as may be required or found desirable. I sometimes
employ reflectors behind the tubes.
I also decorate the dresses of the employé in a similar manner. In positions
where they remain stationary during the scene, or move only within defined limits
and directions, several, or all of them, may be connected with a common source of
electricity. In other cases each may carry a portable battery or other source of
electricity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fielding Smyth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1878.
JAMES FIELDING SMYTH, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland, Brass-
founder and Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKING MACHINES."
My Invention relates to machines employed in corking liquids of various descrip-
tions, and has for its object the raising and holding of the bottle up to the cork socket
by the action of a treadle or other lever in the same operation and in connection
with the driving of the cork into the bottle.
The cork driver is actuated by means of a connecting rod attached at opposite
ends to the treadle or other lever and the cork driver respectively; and for the
purpose of raising and holding the bottle up to the cork socket by the same opera-
tion I employ a wedge or inclined plane, which is thrown back by a wedge or
kicker attached to the before-named connecting rod, and is drawn or driven under
the bottle stand or rest by the aid of a spring or springs when the treadle or lever
is pressed down in the operation of corking.