Improvements in Apparatus for Teaching Arithmetic.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Mar., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 1st Dec., 1899-Accepted, 10th Mar., 1900
Improvements in Apparatus for Teaching Arithmetic.
I, ARMAND ADRIEN PENEL, of St. Germain en Laye (Seine and Oise), in the
Republic of France, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a multiplying apparatus for use in teaching children
and consists of horizontal slides and an equal number of vertically movable slides
arranged to move behind a perforated face board.
In order that my said invention may be clearly understood I have described
the same as having ten horizontal and ten vertically movable slides.
The horizontal slides are each marked with 10 numbers all of which can be
caused to appear through an opening in the face plate by depressing a button
or key corresponding to the multiplicator. The top slide is marked with the
numbers 1 to 10; the second slide is marked with the number 2 and its multiples up
to 20; the third slide is marked with the number 3 and its multiples up to 30;
and so forth, the lower most slide being marked 10 and with the multiples of 10
to 100.
The ten vertical slides are located between the horizontal slides and the face
board and they are each pierced with ten holes of the same diameter as those
in the face board. The holes in the vertical slides are so arranged as to come
exactly behind the openings in the face plate through the operation of a button
or key corresponding to the multiplicand.
Therefore by depressing both the buttons corresponding to the multiplier_and
to the multiplicand respectively the horizontal and vertical slides corresponding
thereto are displaced and then show at their crossing point the required number
product for the given multiplier and multiplicand.
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Each of the ten horizontal slides, is operated by the following mechanism, viz.
to each slide is pivoted a link which in turn is connected to the end of a bell-
crank lever and again this latter is connected to a wooden bar. The lower end
of the said bar is hinged to the end of a rocking lever operated by the bar of the
button or key belonging to the series of multipliers.
Furthermore the depressing of a multiplier button causes a disc to appear at
the upper portion of the apparatus, such disc bearing the same number as the one
marked on the button which has been depressed. This disc is carried by a bar
hinged by its lower end to a lever and operated by a stud on the aforesaid wooden
bar with which it corresponds.
When releasing the button or key the parts in connection with it return to
their initial position or position of rest by virtue of their gravity.
The vertical slides of the multiplicand, with their 10 holes ard each connected
by their lower end to a rocking lever adapted to be operated by a rod with buttons
for the multiplicand. The numbers of the multiplicand which appear at the
upper end of the apparatus are marked on ten plates each of which is attached
to a separate connecting rod. This connecting rod is formed with a small angular

page_text: piece against which the enlarged head of the vertical slides is caused to act. These
discs and plates are not absolutely necessary for the working of the apparatus but
they are very useful for teaching at school.
As it may be desirable for certain demonstrations to temporarily keep depressed
the one or other, or both, the buttons or keys representing the factors" in the 5
multiplication a horizontal rail is provided over which are made to slide two
saddle pieces adapted to be placed over anyone of the buttons or keys and keep it
depressed by clamping the saddle piece to the front edge of the apparatus.
Dated this 16th day of Monah¨1000
"
...
I, ARMAND ADRIEN PENEL, of St. Germain en Laye (Seine and. Oise) in the
Republic of France, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,.
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a multiplying apparatus for use in teaching children,
and consists of horizontal bars and an equal number of vertically movable ŝlides
or bars arranged to move behind a perforated face board.
In order that my said invention may be clearly understood I have described
the same as having ten horizontal and ten vertically movable slides or bars.
The horizontal bars are each marked with ten numbers all of which can be
caused to appear through an opening in the face plate by depressing a button or
key corresponding to the multiplier. The top bar is marked with the numbers
1 to 10; the second with the number 2 and its múltiples up to 20; the third with
the number 3 and its multiples up to 30, and so forth, the lowermost bar being
marked 10 and the multiples of 10, up to 100.
The ten vertical sliding bars are located between the horizontal bars and the
face board and they are each pierced with ten holes of the same diameter as those
in the face board. The holes in the vertical bars are so arranged as to come
exactly behind the openings in the face plate through the operation of a button
or key corresponding to the multiplicand.
By depressing both the buttons or keys corresponding to the multiplier and to
the multiplicand respectively the horizontal and vertical bars corresponding
thereto are displaced and show at their crossing point the required "product
for the given multiplier and multiplicand.
In order that my invention may be more readily understood I will describe the
same with reference to the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 is a front
elevation of the apparatus having its face board a pierced with 100 holes marked b.
Figure 2 is a vertical section on line A B of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a view from
the rear showing the operating mechanism, and Figure 4 is a horizontal section
on line C D of Figure 1.
Each of the ten horizontal bars c one of which is shown separately in Figure 5, 4
is operated by the following mechanism, each bar is pivoted at d to a linke whicb
in turn is connected to the end f of a bell-crank lever g which latter is connected
to a wooden bar h. The lower end of the bar is hinged to the end of a rocking
lever operated by the bark of the button or key belonging to the series of
multipliers. The depression of a multiplier button or key causes a disc to appear

page_text: at the upper portion of the apparatus, such disc m bearing the same number as
the one marked on the button or key which has been depressed. This disc m
is carried by a bar a hinged by its lower end to a lever o pivoted at P and operated
by a study on the aforesaid wooden bar h to which it corresponds.
When releasing the button or key / the parts in connection with it return to
their initial position or positions of rest by virtue of their gravity.
The vertical slides of the multiplicand, one of which is shewn separately at
Figure 6 are each connected by their lower end to one end of a rocking lever s
the other end of which latter is connected to a rod t of the button u for the
multiplicand. The numbers of the multiplicand which appear at the upper end
of the apparatus are marked on ten plates each of which is attached to a separate
connecting rod pivoted at y. This connecting rod is formed with a small
angular piece z against which the enlarged head of the vertical bar r is caused
to act, as clearly shown in Figures 7 and 8, Figure 7 being a transverse vertical
section through the top of the casing, and Figure 8 a perspective view of said
plate and its connected parts. The discs and plates, which appear above the
face plate, are not absolutely necessary for the working of the apparatus, but
they have been found to be very useful for teaching.
As it may be desirable for certain demonstrations, to temporarily keep depressed
the one or other, or both, the buttons or keys representing the factors"in the
multiplication a horizontal rail 2 is provided over which slide two saddle pieces 3
adapted to be placed over any one of the buttons or keys, thus keeping it depressed
by clamping the saddle piece at 4 to the front edge of the apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
-
1. A multiplying apparatus characterized by two groups of keys u and 1,
the group or series u of which is connected to vertical sliding bars r uncovering the
holes of the table or face a, while the other group or series is connected to
horizontal sliding bars e in such a manner that by depressing a key of the second
group or series the number on the corresponding bar a appears behind the open-
ing in the table, and by the depression there after of a key of the first group or
series the product of the two figures marked upon the keys so depressed, appear
at the crossing point of the two bars substantially as herein described and as
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. A constructional form of the apparatus claimed in Claim 1, in which a
dise (m or ) marked with the same numeral as the key which has been depressed
is connected to said key in such a manner that at its depression the said diso
is moved beyond the upper edge of the face of the apparatus and is thus rendered
visible substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated with reference to
the accompanying drawings.
130
30.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.