A NEW. MACHINE. FOR THE PURPOSE OF SPINING AND REELING WOOL, HEMP, FLAX, COTTON, SILK, AND MOHAIR
Year: 1784

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, HENRY'
RICHARDS, of Ditchingham, in the County of Norfolk, Linen Manufacturer,
sends greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, by His Letters.
Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,.
the Eleventh day of September, in the twenty-fourth year of His reign (reciting
that I, the said Henry Richards, had, by my Petition, humbly represented
unto His said Majesty, that I had by great study invented "A NEW. MACHINE.
FOR THE PURPOSE OF SPINING AND REELING WOOL, HEMP, FLAX, COTTON, SILK, AND
MOHAIR;" which would be of public utility and advantage, and praying His
Majesty to grant to me, my exors, admors, and assigns, his Letters Patent for
the sole exercise of my said Invention within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, for the term of fourteen years from the date of the
said Letters Patent, was graciously pleased to condescend to my request); in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that if I, the said Henry
Richards, should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said.
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His
Majesty's Court of Chancery within four calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters
Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should

page_text: utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the said Letters
Patent, relation being thereunto had, may and will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Richards, in compliance with
the said proviso, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention to be, as is herein-before set forth, a Machine for the Purpose of
Spining and Reeling Wool, Hemp, Flax, Cotton, Silk, and Mohair, an
exact Model or Drawing of which, with proper references, is hereunto annexed,
and the different parts and names, and the manner in which the same are
applied and worked, is as follows:-
Number 1. 1, frame which contains all the movements or works, as by
Drawing annexed. 2, wheel to receive a power from a horse wheel, water
wheel, or any other force necessary to put the works described in motion.
3, the arbor or axle, on which is placed another wheel 2, for the same purpose
as 2. 4, a small wheel on the above described axis 3, to turn the wheel 5,
which placed on the same arbor with the contrate wheel 6, moving on a step
or ledge of the frame. 7, barrel or shaft, with wheels at both ends com-
municating with the contrate wheel 6, and a wheel-7, which catches or works
another wheel 8, which is placed on an arbor of iron or steel 9, on which are four
or more iron or steel collars fluted, 10, which work another arbor of the same
form (but with or without a wheel), and with collars of wood covered with
leather 11; on the back of the wheel 7 is placed a smaller wheel, which
receives the teeth of a contrate wheel 12, placed on a cylinder or hollow centers,
joined to another contrate wheel 13, on such or 'hollow centre by a piece 14
screwed into them of any proposed length to admit of extension or contraction
of space, as may be most convenient between the arbors 9, 10, 11; the same
purpose is effected in the same manner between the arbors and collars 10, 17.
16, moveable plates, with screws in wood, brass, or iron, to receive the arbors
and collars 9, 10, 11, 17, which slide up and down, or fix when screwed in a
chase or open mortice, to admit of being fixed at any proposed distance from
each, on which are wheels of various diameters, as by Drawing annexed.
17, three cylinders (with arbors of iron or steel) of hard wood fluted, so as to
turn into or work each other. Those arbors and those above those described,
9, 10, 11, 17, all move in dovetails or slides 18, with brass collars, which are
pressed down to any degree required by springs 19, screwed down in the
manner as by Drawing 20; on the contrate wheel 6 is placed a shaft of iron
21, with a wheel 21, and at the other end is a spiral wheel 21, which works
an orizontal wheel 22, placed on an arbor, on which is a small wheel 23, which
catches' a contrate wheel 24 on a shaft, on which is a wooden wheel or move-
ment 25, on which is placed a leaver 26, with a catch on it to fall on the ends

page_text: of two leavers 27, which act on' slides in dovetails 28, by which the frame 29,
on which the spindles 30 are placed, and moved up and down in a perpen-
dicular direction. 31, wood wheel, with large band 'to turn a smaller wheel or
pulley 32, which is placed on the same shaft with another wheel or pulley 33,
on which are bands communicating with pullies 84; and on the same arbor
with them are other pullies 35, which have bands to turn the spindles, worles,
and spoles 30; and two of the pullies and bands 34, 35, are placed to work
every spindle, worle, and spole 30, which spindles 780 are placed through tubes,
with pullies 36, with a square at bottom; and a corresponding "one on 'spindles
30, which slide or move up and down with the motion of the frame 29, leaving
the spole on the whrle fixed by means of a catch or crooked pin, and by 'means:
of the carrier the yarn or thread is spread on the spole at the same time it is
twisting. 37, leavers to separate the two pullies 34, 35, and by means of springs
38 suffer or make any spindle, whorle, and spole to stand perfectly without
motion, whilst the motion of the other continue. 39 large spoles and carriers
to receive the wool or any other raw materials which are drawn by them out
of the box 40 through or between two-rollers 41, which keep the raw materials
close and compact together till they are twisted about the spoles 39 for the
purpose of being placed at 42, above all the arbors and collars to be extended
in length and twisted or made into thread or yarn. 43, leaver fixed on an
axis 45, with notches at the ends of it to catch the ends of a slide of iron 46,
with pins to pull down the leavers 47, by which means all the bearers of the
upper arbors and collars 11, 17, are removed from the lower 9, so that tho
the lower arbors 9 communicate with and turn each other by means of coupling
tubes 48, all the effect produced by them on the upper arbors and collars cease
in any division of the machinery so effected without any effect produced on any
other part. On the arbor 45 is fixed a frame to draw up by means of the
leaver 48, so that four or any other number of spindles cease to move by
drawing up the leaver 37. Note, the leavers, arbor frame, and slides, thus
described are applicable to any and all the divisions of the machinery. 49,
pullies of wood placed in frames with a moveable joint 50, under which is a
screw 51, which will bring the pulley 49 forward as occasion may require. Note,
those pullies 49 and frames 50 are applicable to every division or part of the
machinery where materials pass for spinning. 52, four or larger number of
pullies of wood with iron arbors, and covered with leather in frames on hinges
53, put forward in any degree of force required by screws 54 to the arbors
with collars 9, 10. Note, such pullies 52, and screws in frames 53, 54, are
applicable to any part of the machinery through which raw materials pass for
spinning.

page_text: Number 2, a reel so long in its barrel 1 as to admit of four or any larger
or smaller number of sceins to be on it at the same time, which, by the
revolutions of the reel, draw the yarn or thread from spoles 2 through guides
of iron 3 fixed on a moveable shaft 4, which has a rack on it, 5, working by
a wheel or pinion 6, which wheel or pinion also communicates with another
rack, 7, fixed on a shaft 8, with notches 9, which are passed forwards by means
of a pin 10, in a wheel 11, so that by every revolution of the wheel 11 the
shaft with guides move any proposed distance for the yarn or thread to fall or
or wind about the reel 1. 12 is a pulley, to be wrought or turned about with
the reel as above described by means of a band on it, and the wheel 31 in
Number 1.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Richards, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of January, One thousand seven hundred