CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR IMPLEMENTS FOR WEAVING." PROAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Vaughan, of Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Gentleman, and John Scattergood, of Heaton Norris, in the
-County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR IMPLEMENTS FOR WEAVING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Vaughan and
John Scattergood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd March 1854.
We, WILLIAM VAUGHAN, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Gentle-
man, and JOHN SCATTERGOOD, of Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR IMPLEMENTS FOR WEAVING" to be
as follows:-
Our said Invention, which is applicable in its entirety to weaving by power
and partially to hand loom weaving, consists in the application to the
machinery or implements used in such processes, of the following improve-
ments:
Firstly, we use gutta percha instead of wood as the material of our shuttles,
which are thereby made lighter and less destructive to the pickers.
Secondly, we apply a new and peculiar appendage to the shuttle box in the
nature of a break or drag, for the purpose of retarding and finally arresting the

page_text: motion of the shuttle after it has entered the box, and as a substitute for the
check strap commonly used.
Thirdly, for propelling the shuttle through the shed in power looms, we
obtain picking movement from wipers placed on the crank shaft or crank
arm; and in order that the pick may be made from alternate sides of the loom
we make the swells or bee wings on which the wipers act, moveable, and
governed by the mechanism of the shedding apparatus, so as to be presented
alternately to the wipers according to the alternations of the heald shafts in
shedding.
Fourthly, instead of covering the roller whose surface motion regulates the
rate at which the cloth is taken up, with emery, sand, or card wire in the usual
manner, we secure the adhesion of the cloth thereto by coating or covering the
roller with metal plates, closely perforated with holes punched out in such
a manner as to leave a burr or irregularly fractured edge around each hole and
so applied to the roller as to present such rough raised edges, or burrs out-
wardly from the roller. A surface is thereby produced on the taking-up roller
similar to the abrasive surface of a nutmeg grater, which takes hold of and
retains the cloth.
Fifthly, we apply similarly pierced metallic plates to the rollers or barrels of
self-acting temples for the purpose of securing the adhesion of the cloth
thereto.
Sixthly, we combine certain new mechanical parts with an apparatus or
piece of mechanism applied to power looms, for the purpose of coupling the
crank shaft with the driving pulley and fly wheel, the construction and appli-
cation whereof are described in the Specification filed in pursuance of the
conditions contained in certain Letters Patent granted to us on the Twentieth
day of August 1853, for "Certain Improvements in Machinery, Apparatus, or
Implements for Weaving," and which apparatus is designated in such Specifi-
cation a "friction clutch;" and the use and object of the new mechanical
parts which we use in combination with such our previously patented appa-
ratus, are to gradually retard and finally suspend the motion of the loom
immediately after the first return of the shuttle into the box at the driving side
of the loom, after the action of the weft-detecting apparatus.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Vaughan and John Scattergood in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 2nd September 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
VAUGHAN, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Gentleman, and JOHN
SCATTERGOOD, of Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
William Vaughan and John Scattergood, Her especial licence that we, the said
William Vaughan and John Scattergood, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Vaughan and John Scatter-
good, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR IMPLEMENTS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said William Vaughan and John Scattergood,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office, within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Vaughan and John Scatter-
good, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, in order to the better understanding of which
we have hereunto appended two Sheets of explanatory Drawings, the Figures
or views in which are distinguished by consecutive numbers, and the several
parts thereof from time to time referred to indicated by the alphabetical and
numerical characters inscribed thereon, that is to say:-
Our Invention (which is applicable generally to the method of weaving by
power and partially to that of hand-loom weaving) consists in certain improved
and novel modes of construction and arrangements of parts of the apparatus in
.ordinary ordinary use in those processes, or in one of them, and in the use

page_text: and application in some of such parts or apparatus of certain materials not
heretofore applied thereto. The particular parts of weaving machinery to which
our said improvements apply are the shuttle, the loom, and the self-acting
temple, and we shall describe such improvements separately and in order, as
follows:-
Firstly, instead of wood as the material of the body of the shuttle we sub-
stitute gutta percha, moulded into the required size and form, and fitted with
tips, eyes, and skewers or spindles of the ordinary kind. The body of the shuttle
with its necessary cavities may be formed in one piece, but we prefer to form it
in two parts, divided by a plane, either vertical or horizontal, passing through
the points of the tips, which latter are to have their tangs or tails of a flat and
expanded form, with teeth or protuberances raised upon their surfaces, so that
when the two parts of the shuttle are closed and compressed upon them and
cemented together, the tips may be firmly retained in their places by the pro-
tuberances on their tangs becoming embedded in the substance of the gutta
percha. The eyes and spindles are to be inserted and secured in their places
in the usual manner.
Secondly, we apply an appendage to the shuttle boxes of the power loom in
the nature of a break or drag acting upon the picker, for the purpose of gra-
dually retarding and finally arresting its motion and that of the shuttle, thus
mitigating the injurious effects resulting from the impact of the shuttle upon
the picker, or of the latter upon the spindle stud. This apparatus comprises
two parts, which may be used either separately or in combination. The first
part consists of a strap or band pierced near its extremities with two holes
through which the spindle passes, the ends of the strap sliding on the spindle
and its intermediate portion being loosely suspended between them. The
middle part of the strap passes through two loops, eyes, or staples, placed a
little distance apart, about midway of the length and in front of the shuttle
guard, or it may be passed through two apertures in the backboard and carried
through staples behind the same. The part of the strap which lies between
the two eyes or staples has a stop piece attached to it, so arranged as to permit
the strap to move in either direction to an extent determined by the distance
of the eyes or staples from each other. The picker moves to and fro on the
part of the spindle intercepted between the extremities of the strap, one of
which it encounters and pushes before it on approaching either end of the
shuttle box, drawing after it also the remaining part of the strap until checked
by the stop piece. The inertia of the strap and its friction on the spindle
absorb the momentum of the picker, and finally stay its motion gently and
without concussion, the end of the strap forming an elastic cushion for its

page_text: reception. The second portion of this apparatus consists of a short strap, one
end of which is secured by a small bolt passing through a slot in the back-
board. Its other end is perforated, so as to allow the spindle to pass through
it, and the distance between the point of its attachment to the backboard and
the part of the spindle embraced by it being less than the distance between
the corresponding points in its own length, it assumes a curved form bulging
out in its intermediate part from the backboard towards the spindle, its con-
vexity causing it slightly to encroach on the path of the picker, so as to bind
against and retard the motion of the latter in passing. Figures 1 and 2 in the
first Sheet of the accompanying Drawings represent, the former in elevation,
the latter in plan view, a shuttle box with this apparatus applied. In Figure 1
the firstly-described part of the apparatus and part of the shuttle guard are
removed, the better to expose the front view of the secondly-described part of
the apparatus, which lies partly behind them. a is the spindle; b, the spindle
stud; b, the box end; c, the backboard; and d, the shuttle guard; e is a
leathern or other strap, the perforated ends of which at e, e², embrace the
spindle a. ff, are small uprights or lugs, having holes or eyes through which
the strap e passes. 9 is a broader piece of the same material as the strap
stitched thereto. It is too large to pass the holes or eyes in f, f, and thus acts
as a stop piece to restrain the strap e from moving too far in either direction.
It will be seen that this strap e, if of proper length, will act as a guard to pre-
vent the picker from striking against either the spindle stud b or the box
end b¹. If preferred the strap e may be passed through oblique apertures
at n, n, in the backboard c and through small staples at o, o, between which
the stop piece may be placed. This constitutes the firstly-described part of
the apparatus. h is another strap, one end of which is attached to the back-
board by the bolt k, which passes through a short slot so as to permit its
position to be slightly adjusted. The other end of the strap is confined by
being suspended on the spindle a at h¹, and the bolt k is fixed near enough to
the box end to cause the strap h to bulge out more or less in the intermediate
part marked h², so as to obstruct the passage of the picker m. This constitutes
the secondly-described part of the apparatus. For looms in which heavy
shuttles are employed we recommend the use of the whole combined appara-
tus, but where the shuttles used are light the firstly-described part will usually
be found sufficient to ensure a very moderate degree of wear and tear in the
pickers.
Thirdly, to effect the throw of the shuttle in power looms, we apply a pro-
jectile force derived from the action of cams, spurs, or wipers, carried by the
crank shaft or crank arms upon two moveable swells connected with the

page_text: picking shafts, and presented alternately to the action of the wipers by the
agency of the shedding apparatus. This improvement is a modification of an
arrangement for the same purpose described in the Specification filed in
pursuance of the conditions contained in certain Letters Patent, bearing date
the Twentieth day of August, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, and
granted to us by Her present Majesty, for a former Invention of "Certain
Improvements in Machinery, Apparatus, or Implements for Weaving." From
the arrangement therein described the present differs chiefly in having the
spurs or wipers carried by the crank shaft or crank arms instead of by the sley
or sley swords, the other movements being essentially the same as those
described in the before-mentioned Specification with reference to the same
purposes. We therefore premise that, although we here shew and describe
certain parts identical with or similar to parts of our former Invention, we
restrict our claim to novelty so far as regards such parts to their use in con-
nection or combination with spurs or wipers carried by the crank shaft or
crank armis, as before mentioned. In the arrangement now under con-
sideration, spurs or wipers affixed to the crank shaft or to the parts of the
crank arms immediately contiguous' to the cranks act upon swells connected
with the picking shafts. To prevent the latter being both actuated at once,
which would be the case on each revolution of the crank shaft were no pro-
vision made to the contrary, we cause the swells to be alternately presented to
and withdrawn from their corresponding spurs or wipers by the movements of
the shaft which effects the opening of the sheds. In Figures 10 and 11,
Sheet 2, (the former a side view from the interior of the loom, the latter a
bird's-eye view of the apparatus,) we have exemplified this arrangement as
applied to a loom the shedding mechanism of which is constructed after the
manner explained in the Specification herein-before referred to, and con-
stituting part of our former Invention therein described, but it will be evident
that the same movements might equally be derived from the ordinary tappet
shaft. The apparatus represented is of course to be applied in duplicate, or
to both sides of the loom. n is the crank shaft. n', the crank arm, and a, a
spur or wiper Lolted fast upon it. m is the oscillating shaft whose motions
effect the opening of the sheds of the warp. b is the picking shaft on which
is keyed an arm c for the reception of the tail of the upright eye bolt or stud c',
which has play horizontally. The shaft e passes through the eye in the stud c',
having a shoulder which rests against the anterior face of the latter. Its
contrary end slides in an eye or opening in the lug of the bracket f. The
shaft e carries the swell d, and also a small pulley g², to the periphery of which
latter is attached the strap or band g', secured at its other end to a pulley or

page_text: wheel g on the shaft m. As the shaft m oscillates or partially rotates in
alternate directions at each change of the sheds, the pulley g alternately draws
down and releases the strap g', and thereby through the pulley g² causes a
partial movement round its axis of the shaft e. By this means the swell d,
when the shaft m is in one of its extreme positions, is raised and presented to
be acted on by the spur or wiper a, carried by the crauk arm; but when the
strap g' is relieved from tension by the shaft m taking the reverse position, the
swell d falls by its own gravity sideways into the position shewn in dotted lines
in Figure 11. It remains thus whilst the pick is being made from the contrary
side of the loom, when the shaft m again reversing its motion, the swell d is
restored to its upright position in readiness to receive the next impulse from
the wiper a. The cam g is in duplicate, one being placed near each end of
the shaft m, but having the straps g' applied to contrary sides of them, so that
one of the swells & will be raised out of and the other restored to its working
position contemporaneously with the opening of each shed. It will be seen
that the opposite positions of the straps on the pulleys g will thus cause the
picking shafts to be acted upon in turns so as to project the shuttle through
the shed in alternate directions.
Fourthly, instead of the emery, powdered glass, sand, or other similar sub-
stance with which the regulating roller is usually covered for the purpose of
causing the cloth to adhere in looms which take up positively with two beams,
we case, coat, or cover the roller with thin metal plate or plates whose surfaces
are roughened by perforating them with numerous holes punched out in such
a manner as to produce an irregularly fractured edge or burr round each hole,
the surfaces so roughened being turned outwardly from the roller. For wet
work the plate may be of zinc, copper, or brass; for dry work it may be of the
same or of iron. The holes may be perforated with round or other shaped
punches. Our meaning will be more readily understood by an inspection of
Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 1, the former of which represents the section of a
piece of such plate made by dividing it in the line of a row of the perforations,
A familiar
the latter being a rough representation of its outer surface.
example of the structure intended will be found in the abrasive surfaces of the
graters" commonly used for reducing hard substances to powder. In apply-
ing such plate it is to be laid in close contact with the surface of the roller,
and nailed on either in one piece or in convenient sections, or more neatly, as
follows-Let a shallow groove be ploughed longitudinally in the roller to
receive a narrow slip of metal plate, which insert so that its upper surface shall
be flush with that of the roller.. Let the perforated plate be applied closely
round the roller, and its edges brought to coincide over the surface of the

page_text: inserted slip, to which let them be firmly soldered. The mode of manufacturing
these plates being well known, and already practised for other purposes,
forms no part of our present Invention, and need not, therefore, be here
adverted to.
Fily, we cause the rollers or barrels of self-acting temples to retain the
cloth by covering them with similar metallic plates applied closely to and
soldered upon them. The plates for this purpose should be pierced with
smaller punches, and the perforations made finer and closer.
Sixthly, we combine certain new mechanical parts with an apparatus or
piece of mechanism to be applied to power looms for the purpose of coupling
the crank shaft with the driving pulley. The construction and application of
the mechanism or coupling last mentioned form part of the Invention for
which Her Majesty's Letters Patent, dated the Twentieth day of August, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, were granted to us, as herein-before
mentioned, and the said coupling is described under the designation of
a "friction clutch" in the Specification filed in pursuance of the conditions
contained in the said Letters Patent. The object and use of the new parts which
we combine with such "friction clutch" are to gradually retard and finally
arrest the motions of the loom within a specific time after the action of the weft-
detecting apparatus. For this purpose we apply a friction break to the rim of
a wheel keyed on the crank shaft, and we modify our formerly described appa-
ratus so as to effect the coupling of the driving pulley with the crank shaft
through the intervention of this break wheel. The friction break is pressed
into contact with the rim of the wheel by the force of an adjustable weight
or spring, which is left free to act whenever the lever carrying the weft fork
is drawn or pushed back. The mechanical connection which produces this
part of the movement being in common use and well known, we shall not here
notice, our present improvement having reference solely to the combination of
the break and break wheel with the friction clutch before mentioned, the
arrangement of parts constituting which will be easily understood by inspection
of the Figures 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 on the first Sheet of Drawings. Figure 6 is a
vertical section through the break wheel, driving pulley and loose pulley;
Figure 5 is a view of half of the break wheel from the side of it nearest to the
framing of the loom; Figure 7 is a view of half the driving pulley from the
side contiguous to the break wheel; Figure 8 is a view of the whole apparatus
including the skid or break lever, as seen from the outer side. a is part of
the crank shaft; upon it is keyed a wheel b, in the form of a plate pulley, its
hollow side being presented towards the loom framing. In the disc of this
wheel-are two or more radial slots c, c, extending from the boss nearly to the

page_text: rim. These slots are formed for the reception of certain moveable pieces d, d,
a side view of one of which is given in Figure 9. The end d of the upper
part of this moveable piece is a flat head, through which is a hole or eye for
the bolt e to pass through. The other end of this upper part is a flat extended
piece convex on its upper side, which is furnished with a leather lining or
covering d*.
The part d², between the parts d' and d', is a neck sufficiently
small to pass through the slot c into which it is introduced by turning the
head d', with its edge in a line with the slot. d³ is a tail or leg, a small pro-
jecting part of which enters the slot c a little way for the purpose of keeping
the whole steady in its position. e, e, are bolts which pass through the rim of
the plate wheel b into which their heads are countersunk, and also through the
eye in the head d' of the moveable piece d. f is a plate-driving pulley, whose
boss is placed loose on the crank axle a. The inner surface of its rim is turned
to afford a surface for the leather lining d to act upon. g is the loose pulley,
and h the break lever. The combined apparatus acts as follows:-The parts
being put together, as shewn in the Drawing, the nuts on the bolts e, e, are
tightened until the linings d, d', on the moveable pieces d, d, are pressed
against the turned inner surface of the rim of the driving pulley with a degree
of force sufficient to cause an amount of frictional adhesion between them
adequate to the turning of the shaft a when under the influence of the driving
strap, but at the same time so moderate as to permit the pulley f to become
easily disengaged, and to revolve alone in case of the motion of the crank
shaft being suddenly arrested by the action of the stop rod. These parts,
therefore, act as the friction coupling. The rim of the plate wheel balso
affords a surface for the break h to act upon, and the wheel 6 being keyed fast
on the crank shaft a, it communicates the action of the break thereto so as to
retard and stop its motion with a promptitude proportioned to the degree of
'force with which the break is applied. The break and friction clutch are thus
mutually independent of each other in their action. The parts of this arrange-
ment which we have described as constituting the friction coupling are of
course only new as regards their combination with the friction break and break
wheel, having formed part of our previous Invention, as before stated. In
order that no error or mistake may arise as to our present claims of Invention
from the mention of parts or things old in themselves but used by us in new
combinations, or from the introduction of old and well known parts, for the
purpose of elucidating this statement, and to the end that the extent of such
our Invention may be more precisely defined and ascertained, we hereby
further declare that what we claim as new and of our Invention, with reference
to the foregoing description, are,-

page_text: Firstly, the use of gutta percha as a material for shuttles.
Secondly, the construction, arrangement, and application of the appendage
or appendages herein-before described, as applicable to the shuttle boxes of
power looms for the purpose of staying the motion of the picker and shuttle.
Thirdly, the apparatus for effecting the throw of the shuttle in power looms
by means of spurs or wipers on the crank shaft or crank arms, but not the
parts of such apparatus which serve to bring the swells alternately under the
action of the wipers, save and except when used in the particular combination
herein-before specified.
Fourthly, the application of perforated metal plate, prepared in the manner
herein-before described, or any merely modified form thereof, to the taking-up
beams or rollers of looms for the purpose of causing the adhesion of the woven
fabric thereto.
Fifthly, the application of similar plates to the rollers or barrels of self-acting
temples.
Sixthly, the combination of a break wheel and break with a friction coupling
or clutch, as herein-before described, but not the friction coupling nor any
other of the parts constituting the specified arrangement taken separately, nor
as parts of any other combination than that herein set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Vaughan and John Scattergood,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this First day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
- JOHN SCATTERGOOD. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the above-
named William Vaughan and John Scatter-
good, in the presence of
JOHN TAYLER,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
good, in the presence of
JOHN TAYLER,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.