IMPROVE- MENTS IN TREATING GARANCINE AND OTHER PRODUCTS OF MADDER
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Albert Gatty, of Accrington, in the County
of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TREATING GARANCINE AND OTHER PRODUCTS OF MADDER."
Sealed the 1st July 1864, and dated the 18th April 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Albert Gatty at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th April 1864.
I, FREDERICK ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING GARANCINE AND OTHER PRODUCTS OF MADDER,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in treating garancine and any other products of
madder obtained by subjecting madder to the action of sulphuric, muriatic, or
other suitable acid with a boiling solution of sulphate of alumina, alum, or any
other soluble salt of alumina in order to dissolve and remove from the
garancine or other products of madder a certain portion of the coloring matter
which I have discovered is detrimental to the brilliancy and purity of certain
colours, particularly purples dyed with such garancine or other products of
madder. After having separated the solution of the salt of alumina by filtering
or otherwise, the remaining salt of alumina is entirely removed from the
garancine or other products of madder by treating the same with diluted
sulphuric or other suitable acid and washing with water. The portion of the

page_text: coloring matter which has dissolved in the solution of the salt of alumina may
be precipitated by cooling and the addition of sulphuric or other suitable acid
and collected on a filter and used for printing and dyeing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Albert Gatty in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd September 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Chemist, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Thirteenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, Her special license that I, the said
Frederick Albert Gatty, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING GARANCINE AND OTHER
PRODUCTS OF MADDEE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Frederick Albert Gatty, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
'the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement (that is to say):-
My improvements consist in treating garancine and any other products of
madder obtained by subjecting madder to the action of sulphuric, muriatic, or
other suitable' acid with a boiling solution of sulphate of alumina, alum, or
any other soluble salt of alumina, in order to dissolve and remove from the

page_text: garancine or other products of madder a certain portion of the coloring matter
which I have discovered is detrimental to the brilliancy and purity of certain
colors, particularly purples dyed with such garancine or other products of
madder.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into operation, I will proceed to describe the manner of performing the same.
I take 300 lbs. of garancine, or a similar quantity of any other product of
madder obtained by treating madder with sulphuric, muriatic, or other suitable
acid, 500 gallons of water, and 300 lbs. of sulphate of alumina, or an
equivalent quantity of alum or other soluble salt of alumina, these proportions
may however be varied according to the strength and quality of the garancine
or other product of madder, the whole is then heated by steam or otherwise
and boiled for about half an hour, when it is run into a filter or other suitable
vessel in order to separate the liquid from the solid. When the liquid is
drained of the solid part is washed with water until the water coming there-
from is tasteless or nearly so, I then remove the product from the filter and
put it into a suitable vessel, where I treat it with 50 lbs. of, by preference,
sulphuric acid, but muriatic acid and certain other acids will answer the same
purpose, and add about 400 gallons of water; the mixture is then boiled for
about an hour, but the same result may be attained to a certain degree without
boiling by leaving the garancine with the acid and water to stand for about
twenty-four hours, the acid is again removed by washing with cold water
either in a filter or in any other convenient vessel; after having been well
washed, and in order to remove any acid that might remain, I add about six
pounds of ground chalk, or an equivalent quantity of carbonate of soda, liquid
ammonia, or other alkali; the water is then pressed out and the garancine is
dried and ground to a powder in the ordinary way, or if found more con-
venient the product thus obtained may be used in the wet state. In place of
treating the garancine or other products of madder in the dry state, they may
be treated with the salt of alumina in the wet state (that is to say) after the
madder has been treated with an acid in order to convert it into garancine or
other product of madder, under whatever name it may be known in commerce,
I use it direct from the filter or other apparatus as soon as the acid has been
washed away, and make use of such a quantity of it in the wet state as will
contain three hundred pounds of the dry product, and then I proceed in the
same way as when the garancine or other products of madder are used in the
dry state, as described above; but in the latter case less water is required, as
some remains in the garancine. The coloring matter dissolved in the sulphate
of alumina I recover by letting the liquid cool and adding to it about twenty

page_text: pounds of sulphuric acid, which precipitates the coloring matter, the latter
is then collected on a filter and freed from the acid and alumina by washing
with water, it may then be used in dyeing and printing as an extract of
garancine. I am aware that alum and other salts of alumina have been
recommended for dissolving and extracting the coloring matter from madder
and garancine, for the purpose of making extracts therefrom, I therefore do
not claim as my Invention the making of such extracts, although in carrying
out my Invention I obtain a certain quantity of the same as a secondary
product. I would also have it understood that I do not confine myself to the
exact proportions given, nor to the modes of operation described, as these may
be varied according to circumstances, but what I do claim as my Invention
is, treating garancine and other products of madder with sulphate, or other
soluble salt of alumina in the manner described, for the purpose of separating
therefrom a part of the coloring matter which is injurious to the brilliancy of
certain colors dyed with such garancine or other products of madder.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, have hereto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-four.