AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CHURN
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CHURN."-A
communication from abroad by John Booth, of Buffalo, in the State of
New York, and United States of America.
Sealed the 4th May 1860, and dated the 20th December 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newtor
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, or
the 20th December 1859.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CHURN," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to divide the body of cream or milk subjected
to the churning operation, and subject it to such agitation as will effectually
promote the conversion of the same into butter without unduly disturbing tho
globules of butter as they are formed. To this end the body of the churn is
formed by preference of staves so shaped as to present vertical cam-shaped pro-
jections by certain of the staves being cut to a different thickness at their opposite
edges for a greater portion of their length. At the lower part of the churn
these projections are removed to allow of the central spindle being fitted with
dash blades of greater length at its lower end than at its upper part. The blades

page_text: are made triangular in cross section, and present a broad surface and a bevilled
lower edge to the fluid. The blades are arranged so as to stand at right angles
with each other, and their length is determined by the diameter of the circle
in which they are intended to rotate. The projections on the staves form
shoulders at the upper part of the churn to receive the cover, and a cross piece
hinged to the top of the churn carries the shaft of a bevil wheel for driving
the central spindle, a bevil pinion in gear with the bevil wheel being keyed to
the top of the spindle for that purpose. Motion is given to the bevil wheel by
a handle attached to its shaft.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th June 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CHURN," being a communica-
tion from abroad by John Booth, of Buffalo, in the State of New York,
United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, tho
said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
:-
The object of this Invention, as communicated to me by my foreign cor-
respondent, is to divide the body of cream or milk submitted to the churning
operation, and subject it to such agitation as will effectually promote the
conversion of the same into butter without unduly disturbing the globules of
butter as they are formed.
In the accompanying Drawing the means for attaining this object is fully
shewn. Fig. 1 being a vertical section of the improved churn; Fig. 2, a sec-
tional plan view; and Fig. 3, a cross section of one of the dash blades or
wings. A represents a cylindrical tub, which forms the body of the "churn."
The novelty in this part of the churn consists in the peculiar formation of the
staves B, which are made much thicker on one edge than the other, their
thinner edge being equal in thickness to the ordinary staves which constitute
the remainder of the body of the churn. From their thin edge the staves B
gradually increase in thickness on the segment of a circle (or nearly so), as
represented by the line c, d, Fig. 2, so that this thick segmental part projects
inwardly towards the centre of the churn. The projecting segment thus
formed does not extend the whole length of the stave, but at its lower part
the stave is reduced in thickness either by bevilling or being cut with a square
shoulder, as represented at e, so as to provide space for the under dash blado
to revolve. At the upper part of the stavo the projecting segment is also cut
away, as shown at f, and forms a shoulder for the cover to rest upon. Three
or more staves of this kind are used in the construction of the churn, the
spaces between them being filled with staves of ordinary construction, as shown
at g. The staves B are each formed of one solid piece of wood, thus leaving
no interstice in the stave for the milk to lodge in and get sour. The beater or
'dash" is composed of five slats or dash blades (more or less) passing through
and supported by a perpendicular shaft I. These wings or blades are ar-
ranged in the shaft one above the other, and alternately at right angles to each
other. The length of the lower wing or blade H is nearly equal to the inside
diameter of the churn at its bottom, while the blades H above are made
shorter or equal to the diameter of a circle, which will just clear the thickest
segmental part of the staves B. The wings or blades are triangular in cross
section, and are set in the shaft I with one side vertical, or in the position
shewn at Fig. 3. The lower end of the shaft runs in a bearing in the bottom
of the churn, as shown at n, and the upper end has a bearing in the gear
frame o.
A bevil pinion keyed to the upper end of the shaft gears into a

page_text: bevil wheel on a horizontal shaft R, which is operated by a crank S. The
gear frame O rests upon a cross piece M, and the cross piece is hinged to a
long stave, as shown at G2, while the other end rests upon a shoulder upon
the opposite long stave, as shown at G³. The gearing is thus supported above,
and does not come in contact with the cream, and it may be raised to liberate
the shaft I for cleaning, &c. by turning upon the hinge G. When operating,
a large or small quantity of cream or milk may be put into the churn. The
dash blades are caused to revolve by turning the crank S, and the bevil face
k, l, of the blades striking against the cream causes a portion of it to pass up
the incline face and fall down on the line l, m, while a portion is thrown from
one stave B to the other with a rebound and a portion forms an "eddy" and
backward current in the "lee" of the thick edge of the staves. The body of
the cream or milk is thus divided and subjected to different motions in dif-
ferent directions, and is not subjected to any violence which will disturb the
globules of butter as most naturally formed. The lower dash blades H2 being
made long so as to pass under the shoulder e of the staves B will prevent the
milk from lodging or resting on the bottom forward of the thick part of the
staves; and the distribution of the cream in different currents flowing in dif-
ferent directions by the combined action of the long and short blades, and
segmental staves B causes a circulation of air through all its parts and quickly.
changes it to butter of the best quality, the butter as soon as formed gently
rising to the top of the milk..
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of an improved
construction of churn, as communicated to me from abroad, and explained
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that
under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim the arrangement of
stationary and rotating surfaces, above described, for effecting the circulation
of the cream in the churn, as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFatt,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (LS.)