Improvements in the Manufature of Night Lights.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Aug., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 3rd May, 1897-Accepted, 31st July, 1897
We, GEORGE CUPIT FOWLER and MORRIS BROAD FOWLER, Night Light Manufacturers,
both of Fowler's Patent Night Light Company Limited, of Planet Works, Latona
Road, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
The invention relates to improvements upon an invention for which we obtained
Letters Patent No. 15,575 of the year 1892.
According to such Patent we first produced a sheet of night light material of
uniform thickness and, when the material was at a suitable temperature, we stamped
out discs therefrom, or we prepared a cylinder of night light material and divided it
into discs. In the former case a considerable amount of waste is produced and,
according to our present invention, we avoid the production of such waste and the
consequent deterioration of the material caused by the waste having to be remelted.
According to our present invention, we divide the night light material into pieces of
equal weight and of other than dise form.
We propose to form the night light material into sheets or blocks of any convenient
size and thickness and, whilst working the same at a suitable temperature as before,
we divide it, in any convenient manner, into pieces of equal weight to produce a
night light and, by the aid of dies, we press each of said pieces, while at a suitable
temperature, into the required shape, for a night light. We prefer that the hole
through the night light to receive the wick be made in the same mould subsequently
to the shaping of the night light.
As an alternative the night light material may be divided into pieces of equal
weight when in a hard state and subsequently stamped into shape.
Dated August 4th 1896.
HARRIS & MILLS,
23 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Night Lights.
We,GEORGE CUPIT FOWLER, and MORRIS BROAD FOWLER, Night Light Manufacturers,
(both of Fowler's Patent Night Light Company Limited, of Planet Works, Latona Road,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The invention relates to improvements upon an invention for which we obtained
Letters Patent No. 15.575 of the year 1892.

page_text: According to such Patent we first produced a sheet of night-light material of
uniform thickness and, when the material was at a suitable temperature, we stamped
out discs therefrom, or we prepared a cylinder of night-light material and divided it
into discs. In the former case a considerable amount of waste is produced and,
according to our present invention, we avoid the production of such waste and the
consequent deterioration of the material caused by the waste having to be remelted.
According to our present invention we divide the night-light material into pieces
of equal weight and of other than disc form. We form the night-light material into
sheets or blocks of any convenient size and thickness, and, whilst working the same
at a suitable temperature as before, we divide it, in any convenient manner into
pieces of equal weight to produce a night light, and by the aid of dies, we press each
of said pieces, while at a suitable temperature, into the required shape for a
night-light.
The means we prefer to employ in carrying our invention into effect are illustrated
in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is an underside view and Fig. 2 a
vertical cross section of apparatus for dividing a sheet of night-light material into
equal sized pieces and Fig. 3 is a vertical section of apparatus we employ for pressing
said pieces into the required shape for a night light and for perforating the same.
We cut the sheet of material into rectangular shaped pieces (parallelopipeds) the
diagonal of one face of which is somewhat less than the diameter of the bore of the
shaping die so that the rectangular shaped pieces can be readily placed in such shaping
die. The cutting of the sheet of material into such rectangular shaped 'pieces 'is
conveniently effected by means of apparatus such as that represented at Figures 1
and 2 in which a. a are a series of parallel knives or cutters arranged longitudinally
'of the direction in which the sheet of material is fed'forwards against a stop or fence b,
whilst c is a transverse cutter acting to cut off the portion of material divided in the
previous stroke by the parallel cutters a. The parallel and transverse cutters and c
as also the stop or fence b are fixed to a bar d and operated by the same plunger and
consequently act together but so that the transverse cutter c acts to cut off a previously
longitudinally divided portion of material whilst the parallel cutters a act, at the same
time, to longitudinally divide a new portion of the sheet material. Thus, at every
descent of the cutters ac a certain length of the sheet material is divided into
rectangular shaped pieces.
The knives & in addition to being fixed to the bar dare guided and supported in
their work by passing through closely fitting slits formed in a plate e 'mounted on
guide pins and acted upon by springs g. The sheet of material x passes between
the plate e and wood cutting-board h; when the cutters descend 'the cutter bar d
by means of a bar d¹ attached 'thereto, depresses the plate e on to the sheet of
material whilst in the rising of the cutters the said plate is raised by the springs g
against suitable stops so as to release the said sheet of material for a fresh feed and at
the same time acts to free the material from the cutters. The stop or fence b is
mounted on guiding pins i and is adjusted by means of a screw j.
kis one of a series of :guide plates fixed to the plate e and fitting between the
parallel cutters a so that when the cutters rise out of the material they shall be
correctly guided.
We prefer that the hole through the night light to receive the wick be made in the
same mould subsequently or mainly so to the shaping of the night light.
The dies preferred to be used to shape, letter and perforate the night light are
represented at Fig. 3 and comprise a die box l, a bottom die m and a top die n having
their faces shaped, and if desired lettered as may be required to produce the finished
night light whilst the top die n is centrally perforated and a wick hole perforating
'pin o works therein.
The top die n is mounted on the hollow holder,pl secured in the plunger p, with
capability of moving to and fro thereon and said top die n is fitted with a tube n²
passing through the hollow holder p¹.
The perforating pin o is fixed in the plunger p and a spring q surrounds the tube n²
and acts between the head of the hollow holder p¹ and the 'top die n with a constant

page_text: tendency to force the latter downwards away from the lower end of plunger p, the
distance of motion being determined by the stop 3 on the upper end of tube n².
Thus on the descent of the plunger p the top die n is first forced against the material
in the die box by the spring q at which time the wick hole perforating pin o projects
but very slightly from the face of the top die n, then in the continued descent of the
plunger and when the night light has been almost completely formed the spring q
becomes compressed and the perforating pin is forced through the night light to form
the hole to receive the wick.
As an alternative the night-light material may be divided into pieces of equal
weight when in a hard state and subsequently, at a suitable temperature, stamped
into shape.
We would here remark that we do not confine ourselves to the shape mentioned
above to which the material is first cut so long as the material is divided into
pieces of equal weight without the waste heretofore experienced when forming
night-lights direct from a sheet of material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is-
1. The improvements in the manufacture of night-lights substantially as herein
set forth.
2. In the manufacture of night-lights, the process of dividing a sheet or body of
wax into pieces of equal size and weight to produce a night-light and of other than
disc form and subsequently shaping and then centrally perforating the same,
substantially as herein set forth."
3. In the manufacture of night-lights, the process of dividing a sheet of material
into rectangular shaped pieces and afterwards shaping and perforating the same,
substantially as herein set forth.
Dated this 3rd day of May 1897
HARRIS & MILLS,
23 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.