IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS FOR BAKING BISCUITS, BREAD AND OTHER ALLMENTS to be as follows
Year: 1884

page_text: I EDWARD NAYLOR of Fitzgerald Street, Manchester Road, Bradford in the
county of York Biscuit Baker do hereby declare the nature of the said invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS FOR BAKING BISCUITS, BREAD AND OTHER ALLMENTS
to be as follows:-
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This invention consists in a novel arrangement or combination of ovens for
baking bread and other aliments with ovens for baking biscuits.
"
"
The biscuit oven I employ is of the class commonly known as 'railway ovens
in which the biscuits or other goods are carried through the oven by means of
travelling apparatus driven by hand or steam. The ovens are so constructed that
they may be used together, or the oven for baking bread or the like can be
employed without making use of the biscuit oven or the biscuit oven can be
employed without making use of the oven for baking bread or the like, dampers
being employed for shutting off the heat from or admitting it to the oven when
required. The flues of the ovens are so constructed that they allow the products
of combustion and heated air to pass round the outside of the ovens, that is to say,
beneath, above, and on the sides of the ovens, thus effecting a continuous heating
and communicating an equal degree of heat to the articles being baked.
The
For this purpose I construct the ovens of ordinary bricks and fire bricks and
place the fireplace in which are the fire bars on one of the sides of the oven.
products of combustion from the fireplace pass up through a flue formed at the end
of the fireplace and after having passed through the bottom part of the oven they
pass up through other flues to the top of the oven. The fire and heat pass to tho
bottom heating chamber through an opening formed in or near the centre of the
fireplace and they are caused to pass through this bottom chamber in a zig zag
manner and are forced to travel through feathers formed of fire bricks or slabs or
of ordinary bricks. The products of combustion and heal after having travelled
through the bottom chamber pass through the end flues herein before described to
the top of the bottom oven; the travelling apparatus for baking biscuits consists
of endless chains on which travels an endless apron and on which are placed the
biscuits to be baked. The end plates of the travelling oven are provided with iron
frames on which are fitted guides having adjustable guide blocks in which work
the shafts of rollers over which the apron travels; at one end of the shaft of one
of the rollers is fitted suitable gear to drive the apron, and at a certain distance
inside the apron are secured bars over which the apron travels to keep it tight,

page_text: The products of combustion and the heat travel over the top and sides of the
biscuit oven, and heat at the same time the bottom of the top or bread oven; in
passing over the top of the biscuit oven and over the bottom of the baker's oven
they are caused to take a zig zag course as hereinbefore described and travel
through partitions made of bricks or fire clay forming feathers; they then pass
through the end flues to a chamber for heating the top of the bakers oven. This
chamber is also fitted with similar feathers causing the products of combustion and
the heat to pass over the top and sides of the baker's oven in a zig zag manner and
from the oven through a flue into the chimney.
The flues leading from one chamber to another are fitted with dampers so
arranged that any damper can be opened and closed at will so that if the biscuit
oven is not required the dampers thereof can be closed and only the bread oven
used or the biscuit oven may be employed and the bread oven closed; on the side
of the doors for placing the bread or other aliments in the ovens and removing
them therefrom are fitted soot doors for the purpose of cleaning the flues when
required and the ashpit and fire place are fitted with suitable frames and doors.
Dated thin fauntoanth day of Tano.t

page_text: "
I, EDWARD NAYLOR, of Fitzgerald Street, Manchester Road, Bradford, in the
county of York, Biscuit Baker, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS FOR BAKING BISCUITS, BREAD AND OTHER ALIMENTS
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to an improved construction of ovens whereby a saving of
fuel is effected and a more equal temperature obtained and the temperature is more
completely under control than in ovens of ordinary construction.
For this purpose I construct the ovens of brickwork and of a rectangular form
with the furnace across one end and having the opening or fire door thereof at
the sido.
The heat and products of combustion from the furnace pass into a long chamber
underneath the first oven, and such heat is caused to travel in a zig-zag course by
short partitions which extend about half way across the chamber, each partition
alternately causing the course of the current of heat to be diverted to the opposite
side of the chamber. The heat having passed under the first oven as described is
taken up through flues at the end of the chamber into another chamber which
extends over the top of the first oven, and under the bottom of the second oven
thereby heating both ovens at the same time. Tho said second chamber has
partitions for causing the heat to travel in a zig-zag course in a similar manner to
that described for the first chamber. The heat after passing through the second
chamber under the second oven is conducted up through a flue at the end of the
chamber into a third chamber over the second oven and thereby gives heat to such
second oven. This third chamber is also provided with partitions for causing the
heat to take a zig-zag course in a similar manner to that hereinbefore described
for the first and second chambers. The heat and products of combustion are carried
into the chimney after leaving the third chamber.
I place dampers in the flues at the end of the chambers for regulating the heat
or for diverting the current of heat as required, so that the whole of the heat may
be used for heating either the first or the second oven separately or both
simultaneously as may be required.
The bottom or first oven as it is nearer the furnace and receives the greatest
amount of heat is used by preference for baking biscuits and is provided with two
parallel endless chains passing right through the oven and projecting a short
distance at each end of the oven. The endless chains are driven by steam or other
power which power is communicated to the chains by means of toothed pullies.
Between the chains and jointed to them are plates of iron upon which the biscuits
are placed to be baked in their passage through the oven. In order to take up the
slack of the endless chains the toothed pulleys upon which they work can be
adjusted by means of screws fitted with hand wheels.
The second or upper oven is used for baking bread or other aliments which do
not require such a great heat as is supplied to the first or bottom oven.
The second or upper oven is provided with doors at the side and the chambers
are provided with soot doors to facilitate the cleaning of such chambers.
In order to enable my invention to be more fully understood I will proceed to
describe the same by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1,
is a sectional plan shewing the brick setting of the ovens and the arrangement and
relative positions of the furnace, lower heating chamber and flues; figure 2, is a
longitudinal section through both ovens showing the furnace, heating chambers both
of the ovens and the flues with dampers fitted thereto; figure 3 is an elevation or

page_text: side view of the brickwork in which the ovens are set showing the doors, sootholes
and main damper; figure 4, is an end elevation of the same; figures 5, and 6, are
views representing a portion of the endless chain with plates attached and having
balance weights for holding the plates in a horizontal position.
In figure 1, A, is the furnace. B, the firedoor and C, the lower chainber through
which the heated air passes when both ovens are to be heated or when only the
bottom oven is to be heated. The partitions G, cause the current of heat to take a
zig-zag course as shown by the arrows so as to heat as large a surface as possible
of the bottom of the first oven; D, are the flues by which the heat passes from the
first chamber to the second. The heat from the furnace A, can also when required
be inade to ascend the flues E, which communicate with the furnace by openings
at F.
In figure 2, H, is the first or lower oven which first receives the heat from the
furnace and is thereby heated to a higher temperature than the second or upper
oven J, such first or lower oven is therefore suitable for baking biscuits. Through
this oven H, are caused to travel two endless chains K, which pass round notched
pulleys L, at either end of the oven and at one end of the oven these notched
pulleys are driven by steam or other power thereby giving motion to the chains K.
Between these two chia'ns are suspended upon pivots plates of metal N, figures 5
and G, upon which the biscuits or other articles to be baked are placed.
These plates N, are caused to travel from one end of the oven H, to the other by
means of the endless chains K, and are always maintained in a horiz ntal position
by being swung upon pivots and having a weight O, under them whereby they are
always held in such horizontal position. The heat from the furnace A after passing
under the oven H, through the chamber C, passes up through the lower part of a
flue D, into the chamber P, which extends over the top of the oven H, When it is
required to heat the upper or second oven J, (which is further removed from the
furnace than the oven H, and is therefore more suitable for baking bread), the heat
is caused to pass from the chambers P, up through a flue to the chamber and
from thence both the heat and the smoke pass into the chimney S. It will thus
be seen that both ovens can be heated simultaneously by heating chambers
underneath and above such ovens, the direction of the current of heat being
controlled by dampers S, placed in the flues.
The chain K, can be tightened when required by giving a few turns to the hand
wheels M, which actuato screws acting upon the bearings of the pulleys L.
The endless chains are supported in the oven upon pulleys T, upon which they
rest at intervals.
In figure 3, the doors opening into the oven J, are shown at U, and the soot
holes for allowing of the chambers being cleaned out are shewn at V.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what
I claim is
The arrangement and construction of an oven having chambers as described and
an endless chain actuated by power and means for tightening the same when slack
and the construction of the plates with balance weights to hold them in a horizontal
position all in the manuer described and represented in the accompanying
drawings.
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