A New or Improved Method of Connecting Spindles to Levers and Wheels to Axles, and Forming other similar Joints.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 24th July, 1895-Accepted, 24th Aug., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Method of Connecting Spindles to Levers and
Wheels to Axles, and Forming other similar Joints.
1, FREDERICK THOMAS JACKSON of No. 3 Jesson Street, Coventry in the
County of Warwick, Electroplater do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved method of connecting spindles to levers and
whoels to axles and forming other similar joints and I will describe the same as
applied to connecting a pedal spindle to a pedal crank of a velocipede; and from
this description its application to other similar joints will be readily understood.
I form a hole (hereinafter referred to as the first hole), of circular or other
suitable section, transversely through the end of the crank and I turn or otherwise
form the end of the pedal spindle to fit such hole. At the same end of the crank,
I form auother hole (hereinafter referred to as the second hole) transversely to the
first, the parts of the second hole in the wall around the first hole being in line
with each other; one part of the second hole is preferably larger than the
other, but both parts are preferably parallel sided. Through the part of the pedal
spindle adapted to lie within the first hole I form a hole (hereinafter referred to as
the third hole) in line with the two parts of the second hole in the crank end. The
third hole is preferably tapered, the larger end being preferably not less than the
larger part of the second hole and the smaller end being preferably not smaller
than the smaller part of the second hole. A longitudinal cut or slot is made
from the third hole out to the adjacent end of the spindle; the plane of the
cut preferably passes through the axial line of the said third hole or lies parallel
thereto. The cut or slot may be continued a convenient distance along the spindle
on the opposite side of the third hole if desired. I take a suitable pin, preferably
having the respective ends thereof parallel and corresponding in diameter to the
two parts of the second hole and having the intermediate part thereof tapered
to the same taper as the third hole; the diametrically smaller parallel end is
preferably of greater length than the diametrically larger and is screw threaded,
and the average diameter of the intermediate part of the pin is preferably rather
greater than the average normal diameter of the third hole."
To attach the spindle to the crank the end of the spindle is thrust into the first
hole in the crank with the third hole in line with, and its tapering corresponding
to, the two parts of the second hole. The pin is then passed into the second and
third holes and is driven in tight and a suitable nut is screwed down its threaded
end until it bears on the end of the crank around the smaller part of the second
hole and locks it (the pin) in position.
Driving in the pin expands the third hole and the slotted end of the spindle and
binds the end of the spindle firmly within the first hole. The spindle is thus
attached to the crank and cannot rotate within the first hole therein by reason of
the taper pin. If desired the spindle may be provided with a shoulder which may
also be more or less countersunk into the face of the crank end around the first.
hole. The spindle may be readily detached from the crank by releasing the nut.
and removing the pin.. In this application of the invention an incidental advantage
is obtained in that the method of attachment does not involve the projection of any

page_text: part beyond the back of the crank end, thus conducing to narrowness of “tread
or distance between the pedals of the velocipede.
As a modification; the smaller part of the second hole may be tapped and the
pin be screwed thereinto, being provided with a suitable head for the purpose.
This method would be suitable for arranging the pin in line with the crank, when
the nut would be dispensed with. Or the joint might be used for coupling two
bars or the like together in line.
Similarly my invention may be applied to the attachment of wheels to axles.
The axle in this case corresponding to the spindle and the wheel boss to the crank
end. If the wheel is not to be fixed near to or at the end of the axle, the cutting
or slotting need not be carried out to the end of the axle, but preferably is extended
in each direction from the (third) hole therethrough. The advantage that my
method of connection does not interfere with the concentricity of the parts
connected is specially valuable in this application of the invention. It will be
obvious that the invention may be applied to other parts of velocipedes and to
machinery generally and that various modifications may be made in detail without
departing from the principle of the invention which consists in expanding the end
of the spindle or like part within the hole in the crank or like part by means of a
pin passing into or through both, transversely to the spindle or like part.
Dated this 23rd day of October 1894.
W. B. MAXFIELD,
Applicant's Agent.
A New or Improved Method of Connecting Spindles to Lovers and
Wheels to Axles, and Forming other similar Joints.
I, FREDERICK THOMAS JACKSON of No. 3 Jesson Street Coventry in the
County of Warwick Electroplater do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to an improved method of connecting spindles to levers,
and wheels to axles and forming other similar joints; and in order that the same
nay be fully understood I will describe it with reference to the appended drawings
which show several applications thereof; and from this description and the
drawings, the application of the invention to other similar joints will be readily
understood.
Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the drawings.
Figure is a broken view in elevation, partly in section, of a pedal spindle
and pedal lever or crank of a velocipede connected according to my invention.
Figure I is an end view of the same and Figure III is an end view partly in
section of the same.
Figure IV is a similar view showing a modification.
Figure V is a view in elevation of a wheel and axle connected according to my
invention.
Referring to Figures I, II, and III. The outer end of the lever or crank 2 is
provided with a suitable boss 4 and through this boss I form a transverse hole 5
(hereinafter referred to as the first hole) of circular or other suitable section
and of suitable dimensions. I turn or otherwise form the end 10 of the pedal
spindle 3 to fit the hole 5. At the same end of the crank, I form another hole 6,7
(hereinafter referred to as the second hole) transversely to the first, the parts 6, 7
of the second hole in the wall around the first bole being in line with each other;
one part 6 of the second hole is preferably larger than the other 7, but both
parts are preferably parallel sided. Through the part 10 of the pedal spindle
adapted to lie within the first hole 5 I form a hole 8 (hereinafter referred to

page_text: as the third hole) in line with the two parts of the second hole 6, 7 in the
crank end 4. The third hole 8 is preferably tapered, the larger end being
preferably not less than the larger part 6 of the second hole and the smaller being
preferably not smaller than the smaller part 7 of the second hole.
A longitudinal cut or slot 9 is made from the third hole 8.out to the adjacent
end of the spindle 3; the plane of the cut 9 preferably passes through the axial
line of the said third hole 8 or lies parallel thereto. The cut or alot 9 may be
continued a convenient distance along the spindle on the opposite side of the third
hole if desired, as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 1.
1 take a suitable pin 11, (not shown in Figure 1) preferably having the
respective ends 12, 13 thereof parallel.and corresponding respectively in diameter
to the two parts 6 and 7 of the second hole and having the intermediate part 14
thereof tapered to the same taper as the third hole 8; the diametrically smaller
parallel end 13 is preferably of greater length than the diametrically larger end 12
and is screw threaded; and the average diameter of the intermediate part 14 of
the pin is preferably rather greater than the average normal diameter of the third
hole 8.
To attach the spindle 3 to the crank 2, the end of the spindle is thrust into the
first hole 5 in the crank with the third hole 8 in line with, and its tapering corre-
sponding to, the two parts of the second hole 6, 7. The pin 11 is then passed into
the second (6, 7) and third (8) holes.and is driven in tight and a suitable nut 15 is
screwed down its threaded end 13 until it bears on the end 4 of the crank
around the smaller part 7 of the second hole and locks it (the pin) in position.
The part of the end 4 of the crank on which the nut 15 bears is preferably flattened
and a washer 19 may be interposed if desired.
Driving in the pin expands the third hole and the slotted end 10 of the spindle
and binds the said end of the spindle firmly within the first hole 5. The spindle.3
is thus attached to the crank 2 and cannot rotate within the first hole 5 therein by
reason of the taper pin 11 engaging firmly both with the spindle 3 and the crank 2.
If desired the spindle 3 may be provided with a shoulder 16 which may also be
more or less countersunk into the face of the crank and around the first hole as
at 17. The spindle 3 may be readily detached from the crank 2 by releasing the
nut 15 and removing the pin 11. In this application of the invention an incidental
advantage is obtained in that the method of attachment does not involve the pro-
jection of any part beyond the back of the crank end, thus conducing to narrowness
of "tread," or distance between the pedals of the velocipede.
As a modification the smaller part 7 of the second hole may be tapped and
the pin be screwed thereinto, being provided with a suitable bead 18 for the
purpose.
This method is suitable for arranging the pin 11 in line with the crank 2 as
shown in Figure IV, in which case the nut is dispensed with. Or the joint might
be used for coupling two bars or the like together in line.
Similarly my invention may be employed to the attachment of wheels to axles
as shown in Figure V. The axle 3 in this case corresponds to the spindle and the
wheel boss 4 to the crank end. If the wheel is not to be fixed near to or at the
end of the axle, the cutting or slotting 9 need not be carried out to the end of
the axle, but preferably be extended in each direction from the (third) hole 8
therethrough as shown. The advantage that my method of connection does not
interfere with the concentricity of the parts connected is especially valuable
in this application of the invention. (The pin is omitted for clearness, from
Figure V.)
It will be obvious that the invention may be applied to other parts of velocipedes
and to machinery generally and that various modifications may be made in detail
without departing from the principle of my invention, which consists in expanding
the end of the spindle or like part within the hole in the lever or crank or like part
by means of a pin passing into or through both transversely to the spindle or like
part.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner. the same is to be performed I declare that what.1
claim is :-
1. In connecting spindles to levers, and wheels to axles and forming other
similar joints, binding a slotted part of the spindle, axle or the like within a hole
in the lever, wheel or the like, by means of a taper pin passing into or through
both transversely and expanding the said slotted part of the said spindle, axle or
the like; the said pin also preventing the rotation of the said spindle, axle or the
like within the said hole in the lever, wheel or the like, by engaging firmly with
both the said spindle, axle or the like and the said lever, wheel or the like,
substantially as set forth.
2. In joints connecting spindles to levers, and wheels to axles and in other
similar joints, the combination of a hole in the lever, wheel or the like such as 5; of
a second hole transverse to the first such as 6, 7; of a third hole in the spindle,
wheel or the like such as 8 and a slot in connection with the same such as 9; and of
a taper pin such as 11, all combined, arranged and operating as and for the purpose
set forth.
3. The new or improved joint for connecting the pedal spindle to the pedal lever
or crank of a velocipede substantially as herein described and as illustrated in
Figures I, II and III of the accompanying drawings.
4. The new or improved joint for connecting the pedal spindle to the pedal lever
or crank of a velocipede, substantially as herein described and as illustrated in
Figure IV of the accompanying drawings.
5. The new or improved joint for connecting a wheel to an axle substantially as
herein described and as illustrated in Figure V of the accompanying drawings.
6. The new or improved method of connecting spindles to levers, and wheels to
axles and forming other similar joints, substantially as herein described and as
illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 23rd day of July 1895
W. BESTWICK MAXFIELD,
Registered Patent Agent,
19 Bowling Green Street, Leicester, in the County of Leicester,
Applicant's Agent.