matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GLASS FOR RENDERING IT HARDER AND STRONGER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of
thic Commissioners of l'atents, with his Petition, on the 13th April
1875 A communication from abroad by Richard Meuscl, of
Geiersthal, Thuringia, in the German Empire
I, PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lanc, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
GLASS FOR RENDERING IT HARDER AND STRONGER "-(A communication to
me from abroad by Richard Meusel, of Geiersthal, Thuringia, in the
German Empire), to be as follows
-
The object of this Invention, which is the result of many experiments,
is to produce a hard and durable glass without danger in the manu-
facture (as by the present dipping of the glowing hot glass into oil), and
which shall be of such a quality or texture as to be tough, and at the
same time able to be cut and otherwise worked, and thus made appli-
cable for window glass and other purposes.
The glass when just formed or blown while still red hot on the blow-
pipe is quickly put into a hot bath, consisting of salt solutions, then
quickly taken out again, after which it is further treated in the usual
manner

page_text: Any salt may be used for the bath, and as much of it as will dissolve
in the solvent, which latter may be water or any other salt solvent fluid.
The application of the solvent alone or of salts melted in its chrystal
water is included in this Invention.
The temperature of the bath must not be so high as to cause the
IMPROVEMENTS IN GUARDING AND LOCKING POINTS FOR RAILWAYS, AND APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William March and Richard
Dalgliesh at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st May 1875.
We, WILLIAM MARCH, of No. 1, Basinghall Street, in the City of
London, and RICHARD DALGLIESH, of Melton Mobray, in the County
of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GUARDING AND LOCKING POINTS FOR RAILWAYS, AND APPARATUS
FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a method and apparatus for providing a
guard for railway facing points, to whichever side they may be shifted,
combined with means of locking or bolting those points, so that they
cannot be shifted when a train passes over them. For this purpose we
mount between the rails immediately in front of a pair of facing points
a heart-shaped block pivotted on a vertical axis near its small end, so
that it can be swayed towards either rail to an extent such as shall leave
between that rail and the curved side of the block a slot or passage for
the flanges of the wheels of passing trains, acting in the manner of a
guard rail bearing against the inside of the flanges so as to keep the
flanges up to the rail. This block is connected by levers and rods to the

page_text: points, so that when they are shifted to either side the block is caused
at the same time to oscillate towards the other side, thus becoming a
shifted guard rail having the effect of always directing the wheels of
the train into the road for which the points are set. Either the block
so connected to the points or the points themselves may be locked or
bolted by any of the known means for that purpose worked by a separate
bolting or locking lever, and the bolts so worked may be connected with
the apparatus commonly known as a switch lock consisting of a long bar
mounted by the side of the rail, which bar being prevented from moving
by wheels of trains passing over or by the side of it, renders it impossible
to shift the points until the train has passed them. As a means of
locking points when they are provided with a shifting guard as we have
described above, we prefer to mount on the point lever itself a locking
lever connected to a spring, or weighted latch mounted near the guard
block, so that it can catch into one or other of two notches provided
thereon.
When it is desired to shift the points the locking lever is first moved
so as to withdraw the latch from the one notch, whereupon the points and
the guard block can be moved by the point lever, and when they have
been so moved the latch again engages in the other notch and holds
them in their new position.
Instead of providing two notches on the guard block a single stud
may be arranged on it, so that the latch according as it engages on the
one side or the other of this stud can hold the block in the one or the
other position.
IMPROVED MEANS OF FIXING AND SECURING ARTICLES IN BOXES OR CASES SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred David Turner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th September 1875.
I, ALFRED DAVID TURNER, of Dalston, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS OF FIXING AND SECURING ARTICLES IN BOXES OR CASES
SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide means of fixing and securing
articles in their boxes or cases, so that they may be prevented moving
therein during transit or while being shifted from place to place; and
the Invention consists in the employment of a bar and of a curved or
inclined plate or block, which bar comes immediately above or below
some convenient part of the article to be secured, while as the door or
lid of the box is being closed the curved or inclined plate or block bears
upon the outer end of the bar and presses it against the said article,
and according to one arrangement guides it to a lock or fastening.
I proceed to describe the manner in which my Invention may be
applied to a sewing machine box or case for which it is specially

page_text: applicable, and I will take the case where the front of the box is made
to open upwards on hinges at the top. To the back of the box I secure
a bar which extends horizontally to the front of the box, and at such a
distance from the bottom as just to allow the bed plate of the sewing
machine-to-pass-under_it. The bar has a springy action and its
under side is covered with chamois leather or other material-to-prevent-it-
scratching the machine. Its front end has a transverse slot. To the
inside of the box front I fix an inclined or curved plate or block, in
such position that as the front is being closed the incline bears upon the
front end of the bar, presses it downwards upon the bed plate, and
guides it so that its slot comes opposite the bolt of a lock, which is
likewise fixed inside the box front; by turning the key.of the lock, not
only is the box locked, but the bar is also locked, while at the same
time it presses firmly upon the bed plate of the machine, and
effectually prevents its moving, no matter in what position the box may
be placed.
Where cheapness is an object the lock may be replaced by a hook
fastening or a catch or a padlock on the outside of the front of the box, in
which case the end of the bar will when the front is closed project through
the front, and the hook, catch, or padlock, will then be passed through an
eye in the bar, which takes the place of the slot before described.
Sometimes I do not combine the bar with the lock or fastening, and
in this case the inclined plate as the door is being closed simply bears
upon the bar and forces it against the bed plate, the box being fitted
with any ordinary lock or fastening.
Sometimes where it may be necessary that the bar should be capable
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR Looms
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1875.
I, JAMES WILSON, of the Firm of Hugh Wilson & Sons, of Kil.
marnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, Carpet Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHUTTLES FOR Looms," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement of drag or tension
mechanism for the weft within and before leaving the shuttle, which
gives greater power and nicety of regulating the tension than by the
modes and means heretofore in use; and the nature and novelty of the
Invention or improvement consist in passing the weft from the cop or
pirn out over the rounded free end of a new angled tension plate,
fulcrumed and working within a recess at that end of the shuttle where
the weft passes out (through the lateral eye or hole in the bottom or
side) to be woven. The pressure and action is given to this new angled
plate to cause the tension by a new helical or coiled spring, preferably
made of piano or the best steel wire, so as to work upon the fulcrum
spindle of the plate itself, or on a special spindle for it close to {the
.

page_text: fulcrum of and under the said plate to protect it from dust. The free
end or ends is or are fixed to the spindle, while the other end or it may
be a loop part is made to project in the form of a lever to act on the
back of the plate to press it against the thread, and the under surface of
a long spring plate which covers in or retains the cop or pirn in the {
shuttle; or a special pressure plate or pin might be hinged or fastened
to the wood part of the shuttle for the thread to pass out between
it and the said new angled plate for producing the desired tension by the
said spring:
The degree or delicacy of tension is regulated by turning or winding 1
the spindle on which the spring is carried, so as to coil it more or less on
the spindle, the end of the spindle being squared for a small key to turn
it, or it might be turned by a screwdriver or other equivalent means, and
the spindle when so turned might be held by its own friction in the
wood part of the shuttle, or by a small ratchet and spring pall or other 1
equivalent.
The tension plate may lie at any desired angle in the direction the
thread is drawn from the shuttle, its fulcrum being towards the cop or
pirn and the free pressing end being towards the outlet eye, a stop pin
or other equivalent being provided to prevent the plate rising too high, 2
when the cover or pressing plate is lifted for the replacing and threading
of the weft over the plate and through the eye. The under or pressure
surface of the cover or bearing plate may have a special piece of metal
fastened or formed on it for grinding or re-dressing when the weft wears
too great a recess in it.
Although a helical or coiled spring has been described for giving the
differential tension most effectually, yet it will be evident that other
forms of springs might be used for this purpose, tightened up by a
screw or other equivalent.
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN TURE STOPPERS FOR BOILERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jordan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th May
1875.
I, JOHN JORDAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TURE STOPPERS FOR BOILERS," to be as follows:-
In the tube stoppers now in use for boilers the stopper acts the part
of a plug which renders the tube useless for steam generating purposes,
and only acts as stoppage to or for leakage.
Now my Invention consists in making a hollow tube stopper with a
loose and a fast washer on each end. Between the fast washers on the
ends of the tube and the loose washers inside the fast washers I
introduce any substance capable of squeezing out between the washers,
and so make a tight joint.
Usually boiler tubes become leaky by small holes being eaten through
them by the action of the heat and water during their use. When this
occurs a tubular stopper fitted with fast and loose washers at each end

page_text: with packing between them is pushed into the tube until the leak hole
is between the washers. The leak then acts with the pressure of the
boiler and presses the loose washers against the fast washers, and by so
doing squeezes out the packing and the leak is stopped.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDEXING AND BINDING 'LEDGERS' AND OTHER MERCANTILE ACCOUNT BOOKS,. PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO BINDING 'BOOKS GENERALLY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Pettitt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
August 1875.
I, ARTHUR PETTITT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention. for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
INDEXING AND BINDING 'LEDGERS' AND OTHER MERCANTILE ACCOUNT BOOKS,.
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO BINDING 'BOOKS GENERALLY,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to a novel method of alphabetically
letter indexing ledgers and other mercantile account books, whether
such indexes are detached or form part of the book itself.
The second part of my Invention relates to binding such ledgers or
mercantile account books, so that when the book is opened the book is
thrown up in the centre, and at the same time such throwing up does
not tend to injure or destroy the book.
The first part of my Invention consists in forming a duplex letter
index, or an index that is capable of being read on each side. I
accomplish this by cutting out the space for each letter in the form of a

page_text: tag, so that the tags on the respective pages will come one under the
other. These tags are lettered on both sides, so that when entering up
ledgers or other mercantile account books the enterer can see the index
letter either to the right or to the left, and has no occasion to turn back
or close the index for reference to the letters. In some instances and
for books that are in constant use I form the tag separate and of stronger
material than the pages of the index. . These tags I attach to each page
by an overlap and backing of linen. The tags are lettered on each side
and placed alphabetically one under the other.
The second part of my Invention consists in forming the "spring" or
hard back of the binding of ledgers and other mercantile account books
on the outside of the back of such books, and by preference in three or
more distinct pieces. I am thus enabled to make the "spring" or hard
back pieces of width equal to or rather less than the thickness of the
combined pageing of the book. In the present system of binding the
"spring" or hard back has to be made of width greater than the
thickness of the combined pageing, and when any weight or pressure
is put on the open book it tends to destroy same, also constant use starts
the binding. In books bound according to my Invention, the "spring"
or hard back being of width less than the combined pageing and on the
outside of the back, great pressure may be put on an open book without
starting the binding, and the book is very durable.
It will be obvious to all connected with the trade that this system
of binding is also applicable to books other than mercantile account
books.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Scarborough and
William Allison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st November 1875.
of
We, GEORGE SCARBOROUGH, of the Firm of Scarborough Bro'.,
Halifax, in the County of York, Spinners & Manufacturers, and WILLIAM
ALLISON, Foreman to the said Firm, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the class of looms technically known as
"loose reed looms," and consists in improved means of locking the reed
at the time the shuttle is being picked or passed through the shed of
the warp. For this purpose an arm properly shaped is hinged to a
bracket fixed on the loom end, by preference in front of the crank shaft,
this arm is supported by a spring attached to the bracket, and the
The bowl
position of the arm is capable of being regulated by a screw.
or the ordinary locking bar takes on to or upon the arm above named,
which has the effect of locking the reed, or temporarily holding it in
position during the passage of the shuttle through the shed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING RATCHET DRILLING BRACES AND OTHER TOOLS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry James Hogg King at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1875.
I, HENRY JAMES HOGG KING, of Nailsworth, in the County of
Gloucester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING RATCHET DRILLING BRACES
AND OTHER TOOLS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
-
This Invention has for its object the supporting of ratchet drilling
braces and other tools in a satisfactory and efficient manner in
circumstances in which proper support cannot conveniently be obtained
in the ordinary way.
The improved apparatus consists according to one modification of a
pillar or trunk on which there is fixed adjustably an arm to bear on and
support the outer end of the drilling or other tool. The pillar or trunk
has formed on or attached to it a slightly concave baso fitted with a ring
of rubber to form an air-tight joint between the base and the surface of a
metal plate or other object upon which the tool is to operate. A flexible
tube is connected to the base, and is led to the condenser of a steam

page_text: engine or to an air pump worked by hand or otherwise, and a partial
vacuum being formed under the base the external atmospheric pressure
holds the apparatus securely against the plate or other surface. The
base must bo of a sufficiently large area to obtain the necessary aggregate
of pressure.
Where necessary the apparatus may be formed with two or more
vacuum holding bases, and the tool or tools may be held or fixed on
framing connecting such two or more bases.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SECURING OR TYING SCAFFOLDING, TIMBER, LOADED WAGONS OR BOATS, AND FOR OTHER ANALAGOUS USES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Matthews at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd August 1875.
I, WILLIAM JOHN MATTHEWS, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SECURING OR TYING SCAFFOLDING, TIMBER,
LOADED WAGONS OR BOATS, AND FOR OTHER ANALAGOUS USES," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
The object of my Invention is to dispense with the usual ropes and
wedges employed in fastening or tying scaffold poles or timbers together,
for securing loaded wagons or boats, goods in bulk, and for other
similar purposes.
The apparatus consists of a dog or cramp of wrought iron, having a
central hole for receiving an iron ring, and formed with its inner edge
having two angles obtuse with each other, meeting with a point in the
centre; the outer edge of the dog or cramp is hollowed out or is made
of any convenient shape. To the ring are fastened two chains, one

page_text: being very short and having a ring at its free end, and the other chain
is of any required length, with a hook at its free end.
To secure, for example, scaffold poles together by my improved
apparatus I first place the one-half or angle of the inner edge of the
dog or cramp in a vertical position against the standard pole, and then
pass the long chain through the ring of the short chain, at the same
time pulling the dog or cramp tight up to the pole; the long chain is
then wound round the stretcher pole, and brought round the dog or
cramp; it is then taken again round the scretcher, but on the other side
of the standard; after this it is passed under the bottom end of the dog
or cramp, between it and the standard, the hook being fastened on to
any part of the chain. The result is an effectual and secure tie or
fastening, and for other purposes than scaffolding the tying or securing
process is modified, but the apparatus is the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIPPERS AND LIKE COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert McLintock and Edward
McLintock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th August 1875.
We, ROBERT MCLINTOCK and EDWARD MCLINTOCK, both of Barnsley,
in the County of York, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIPPERS AND LIKE COVERINGS FOR
THE FEET," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to slippers and like coverings for the feet,
whether the same be termed slippers or boots or shoes intended more
particularly for use in cold seasons, and has for its object providing a
degree of warmth combined with lightness, case, softness, and comfort,
generally not heretofore attained in articles of this description.
with an
In order to effect this object we first prepare an upper
interior
lining, both of which may be composed of any suitable fabric or
material, and we attach the two together at their upper end, and we

page_text: -then-introduce between such-upper and-lining -a-suitable-quantity of
eider down, goose, Russian, or Arctic down, or other feather down or
silk down, after which the upper and lining enclosing the down as
before mentioned are sewn together at their lower edges and finally
attached to the sole by machinery or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN AND TERNE PLATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas and Thomas
Terrell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd February 1875.
We, JOHN THOMAS, of Penclawdd, in the County of Glamorgan, Tin
Plate Manufacturer, and THOMAS TERRELL, of Penarth, in the said
County, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN AND TERNE PLATES," to be as
follows:-
"
According to the process of manufacturing tin and terne plates
ordinarily practised the finished "black plates are immersed in a
bath of dilute sulphuric acid (termed "white pickle "), then in water,
then in a bath of grease or any other suitable flux, and then in baths
of molten metal, the said plates after withdrawal from the second bath
of metal, and before immersion in the third, being brushed to remove
the "scruff." They are then immersed in oil or grease, or passed
between rolls revolving in oil or grease, after which the said plates
are cleaned.

page_text: The object of our Invention is to effect the trimming or coating of
the said plates with less expenditure of labour, and less consumption
of materials than heretofore. For this purpose we immerse the finished
black plates in a solution of a salt of tin, preferably a chloride of tin
containing an excess of acid, the said solution, which is by preference
kept at a moderately high temperature, being contained in a suitable
vessel, the bottom of which may be covered with tin, preferably in a
granulated form, on or in which the lower edges of the plates may rest.
After the plates have been in the bath a short time we remove them,
place them in a rack to drain, then (if desired) place them in a heated
receptacle and dry them either partially or completely therein, and after
the draining or drying dip them into a bath or baths of molten tin or
terne metal having oil or grease on the surface. (If desirable we brush
the said plates before the second immersion.) We then remove them and
and finish by immersing them in oil or grease, or passing them between
rolls revolving in oil or grease, and cleaning them as in the ordinary
process.
By our improvements the process is greatly simplified, the operations
of "white pickling," "scouring," and in some cases brushing herein-
before referred to, being rendered unnecessary, and the quantity of tin
or terne metal (which in our process may be used at a lower temperature
.than heretofore) and oil or grease used is reduced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ACTIONS OF PIANO- FORTES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Brockbank at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th January 1875.
I, GEORGE HENRY BROCKBANK, of Montgomery Road, Acton Green,
in the County of Middlesex, Piano Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ACTIONS OF PIANO-
FORTES," to be as follows: -
The Invention has for its object improvements in that class of piano-
forte actions generally known as Molineux's Patent, dated September 11,
1862, No. 2509, whereby the touch is greatly improved, and the cost of
the action considerably reduced. For this purpose I dispense with the
spring ordinarily employed to bring the hammer back, and employ in
lieu thereof a weight fixed to the "butt" of the hammer. I also in lieu
of relying upon the weight of the sticker to carry it back, fix in front
thereof a spring rail, having fixed thereto springs which act upon pro-
jections fixed to the stickers.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Cattlin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
March 1875.
I, ALFRED CATTLIN, of Westfield Lodge, Brighton, in the County of
Sussex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ROLLER SKATES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in roller skates consist in supporting the axle of
cach roller upon bearings in a curved support or forked piece, itself
carried in a tube or in guides fixed under the stock or foot stand.
I propose to make the curved support carrying the axle of the roller
of wire or any suitable metal or material, and of the form best adapted
to form bearing for the axle and to traverse in the tube or guides.
I propose to make the curved support of the back or heel roller
incline towards the heel and that of the toe or front roller inclining
towards the toe.
I further propose to employ flat or other suitable springs extending
from the back curved support to the front one, crossing each other or
not, as may be found most desircable, and fixed to the under side of the

page_text: stock by screw, pin, rivet, or otherwise, or connected therewith so as to
traverse in a groove, slot, or otherwise, or the springs may be forked at
each end to allow play on their bearing, or I may elect to use spiral
springs coiled around the curved supports, the object of these springs
being to bring the roller easily back to the centre after the displacement
caused by any gyration or revolution performed by the skater.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF COATS OR GARMENTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Marshall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
May 1875.
I, THOMAS MARSHALL, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF COATS OR GARMENTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
OF DRESS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in waterproof coats or
garments and other articles of dress, whereby free respiration is obtained
in combination with a water-tight garment. For this purpose cords or
tubes of india-rubber, worsted, or other suitable material are introduced
between the back, shoulders, and chest of the wearer, and the inside of
the back, shoulders, and chest of a coat or garment.
The cords or tubes extend advantageously from the base of the collar
of a coat or garment from 10 to 15 inches in length, and so arranged as
to leave a space of not less than one quarter of an inch between each
cord at the base of the collar, the said cords, gradually widening apart
downwards. Eyelet holes are inserted in the back and fore part of the
coat or garment immediately beneath the base of the collar, being so

page_text: placed as to be between each of the cords; the said eyelet holes to be
covered on the outside by a collar of same material as the coat, from one .
to two inches in width, the said collar to be inserted beneath the collar
of the coat, and to be so fitted or sprung as not to lay close on the eyelet
holes.
-
The cords are attached to the coat by a covering of the same material
as the coat, or other suitable material, the covering being fastened with
india-rubber solution, so as to fit over the cords and down on to the
back of the coat or garment. But in case the coat is of single texture
or light fabric, the cords may be sewn or otherwise attached to a lining 1
of thin porous tweed or other porous material between the lining and
inside of the coat, the lining to be attached by solution or otherwise
round the base of the collar and front, and back and chest of the
wearer.
'4
The cords raise the coat from the back, shoulders, and chest of the ]
wearer, and thus afford a clear flue or channel for heated air to ascend
between the cords to eyelet holes whence it escapes. The collar which
is inserted under the base of coat collar prevents rain from entering
eyelet holes, and thus affords perfect respiration for the body, combined
with a thoroughly water-tight garment.
These improvements are applicable to every description of waterproof
garments, such as coats, cloaks, capes, vests, leggings, overalls, garters,
or other articles of dress.
In- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FLUSHING OR CLEANSING URINALS, WATERCLOSETS, SEWERS, AND FOR OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th June 1875.
I, FREDERICK JOHN SMITH, of Taunton, in the County of Somerset,
Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FLUSHING OR CLEANSING URINALS, WATERCLOSETS,
SEWERS, AND FOR OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention which relates to an improved flushing or cleansing
apparatus consists of an arrangement, whereby a periodical flushing of
the pan of a watercloset, urinal, or drain is effected and cleanliness
ensured.
By this Invention a syphon is placed in communication with the
ordinary overhead cistern, and a chamber containing an equilibrium water
wheel or cup is situated in the down draught leg of the said syphon.
This wheel or cup is in communication with the upper part of the down
draught leg of the syphon, and is hung or supported upon an axle or
pivots, so as to be easily inverted or turned over or round by any
preponderance of weight at its periphery.

page_text: When the water level in the cistern rises as high as the bend of the
syphon tube the water overflows into the down draught leg and fills
the equilibrium water wheel or cup situated in the herein-before
mentioned chamber.
A lip or recess is formed in or upon one side of the cup or wheel, so
that when the latter is full of water a preponderance of weight is gained
at that part of the periphery where the said lip, recess, or receptacle is
situated by virtue of the excess of water that flows thereinto, the cup
or wheel is thus turned over or round, and the contents discharged into
the lower part of the down draught leg of the syphon tube, and the
syphon being thus set in full action, an uninterupted flow of water from
the cistern takes place, until the water level therein has sunk below the
mouth of that portion of the syphon tube in the cistern. The equilibrium
water wheel or cup then returns to its normal position, and is ready
to be re-charged when the water in the cistern again overflows the
syphon bend, the wheel or cup being so balanced as to take this position
when empty.
The advantages obtained by the employment of this flushing apparatus,
are that by the simplicity of its construction and the absence of valves
it is less liable to get out of order; the passage of foul water will not
injure the mechanism; it will let off the required quantity of water, no
matter how slowly the cistern may be filled, is small and compact, and
can be applied without difficulty to existing cisterns. By regulating
the cistern feed the discharges may be made to take place at any
required intervals of time.
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR POLISHING STONE."
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Liddell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1875.
JOHN LIDDELL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark.
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR POLISHING STONE."
"CERTAIN IMPROVE-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for polishing stone,
and relates to an improved construction of machine in which stones or slabs are
polished by rubbing them face to face. For this purpose two eccentric tables in
which stones or slabs to be polished can be fixed, are arranged in a suitable frame-
work, and provided with gearing for rotating the two tables in opposite directions
and at different speeds, in such wise as by the consequent rubbing face to face of
the stones or slabs to polish the latter as required.
A screw and nut arrangement is provided for regulating the pressure of the stones
against one another.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKE APPARATUS FOR ROAD VEHICLES and IN RESTRAINING RUNAWAY HORSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Richards, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1875.
I, JAMES RICHARDS, the younger, of Handsworth, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of tho said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKE APPARATUS FOR ROAD VEHICLES and
IN RESTRAINING RUNAWAY HORSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object giving the horse or horses a direct
pull upon the brake apparatus at will instead of upon the trace hooks,
and in such manner that the more the horses pull the firmer the brakes
will be applied to the wheels.
Instead of the ordinary trace hooks I employ trace hooks formed with
a lever or arm upon the under side of the hook, which with the lever or
arm works with sufficient freedom on the shaft by means of an adjustable
pin to allow of their being partially turned at will by the diver, this is
effected by means of a continuous strap passing through an cyc in a
short lever fixed on the cross bar which connects the two side brakes,
the free ends of the continuous strap being secured to the back ends of

page_text: the traces by means of buckles; a pair of short straps are also connected
to the continuous strap and to the levers or arms of the trace hooks, so
that the brake handle being pulled by the driver backwards & towards
him will cause the short lever on the cross bar to be also moved &
with it the continuous strap and also the trace hooks, which will be
turned into a horizontal position allowing the traces to become freed,
the consequence being that the horses will pull at the lever and
continuous strap, causing the brake handle to go forward and the brakes
to be securely applied to the wheels, the pull of the horses effecting the
brake.
I form the brake handle with a loose clutch fitted to work upon the
handle, the tooth or teeth of this loose clutch being cut to suit the teeth
upon the rack of the brake, and this rack has a double row of teeth, the
handle working between them for additional-security.
A NEW METALLIC COMPOUND OR SUBSTANCE FOR SHARPENING OR RENOVATING FINE EDGED INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Henry Workman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th October 1875.
I, MATTHEW HENRY WORKMAN, of 59, Elmore Street, Islington, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW METALLIC COMPOUND OR SUBSTANCE FOR SHARPENING OR
RENOVATING FINE EDGED INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
:—
This Invention consists of a metallic substance hereafter described for
the purpose of sharpening all fine edge tools, such as razors, surgical
instruments, pen knives, and such like.
The metallic substance is composed of the following ingredients, viz.,
tin, lead, antimony, and cadmium, and which are mixed together in the
following proportions, viz. :-
Tin
Lead
Antimony -
Cadmi
-
60
34

page_text: The metallic substance is formed by preference into flat plates of any
shape, and is used in the following manner :-If an ordinary prepared
razor strop is used the metallic plate or substance should be rubbed on
the black side of the strop until a deposit or lead-like appearance from
the metallic plate or substance appears on the surface of the strop, the
strop is then ready for use.
If ordinary buff leather, such as a soldier's belt is used, a few drops of
sweet oil should be first rubbed into the leather, and the metallic plate
or substance afterwards applied in the manner above described for an
ordinary razor strop. By the use of this metallic substance all fined
edged cutlery and instruments can be sharpened in a much superior
manner than has hitherto been the case, it is perfectly clean in its
application, being entirely free from grit or dirt which is generally found
in using the ordinary razor paste, and does not require any skill in its
application.
This metallic plate or substance is very durable and inexpensive,
although I have found the above described proportions the best in
practice, yet I do not confine myself to them as they may be modified
to suit the particular class of cutlery to be sharpened.
THE BETTER PRESERVATION AND SAFETY OF SHEET MUSIC WHEN CARRIED IN PORTFOLIOS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Watt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th April
1875.
I, FREDERICK WATT, of 16, Hanover St., Regent St., W., in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "THE BETTER PRESERVATION AND SAFETY OF SHEET MUSIC WHEN CARRIED
IN PORTFOLIOS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in adding pockets to the inside of music
portfolios, whether they be of full music size, or of the portfolios called
"the combination folio," which hold the music by folding it longways.
The pockets are fastened inside to the stiff boards of the portfolios by
means of gussets which allow for expansion, and are secured to the two
ends of the stiff boards, and also if required to either of the sides of the
same. These pockets and gussets are made of paper, cloth, leather, or
of whatever material the portfolios themselves may be manufactured.
The use of these pockets is to better secure the music or papers carried
in the portfolios, to hide the ends of the same, and to protect them from
being damaged or soiled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Parkes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd December 1875.
I, JAMES PARKES, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists of constructing chamber and other candle-
sticks with apparatus beneath and upon the tray or pan, containing a
candle, matches, receptacle for the burnt wick, and combined snuffer
and extinguisher, and it consists in applying inside the sockets of
candlesticks a piece of metal soldered or otherwise joined at one end to
the side of the socket, which piece of metal is pressed against the
inserted candle by means of a small screw passing through the sides of
the socket; by this means the candle may be held at any required depth
within the socket, and the socket will be suitable for various sizes of
candles.
alon to not
02
reflector I

page_text: material; to the back of the screen is attached a jointed rod or tube
which will admit of the screen being adjusted at any angle with the light,
and I connect the screen to the socket of the candlestick by means of a
metal clip attached to one end of the jointed rod, and adjusted by a
small screw or a sliding band of metal.
A NEW MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING AND REGULATING THE POWER OF A LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonard Kleinen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Potition, on the 21st May
1875.
I, LEONARD KLEINEN, of 255, Euston Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING AND REGULATING THE POWER OF A
LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE," to be as follows:-
This newly invented machine or apparatus is designed to indicate on a
dial the number of revolutions of the driving wheel of a locomotive
engine, to be made by the engineer or driver for every minute on a
journey.
•
The apparatus can be wound up by an official at any station, and
regulates the number of revolutions of the driving wheels required and
allowed for each minute, and if this rate of speed is exceeded stops the
steam, causing the engine to move more slowly until the engineer by
lifting the balance weight sets the engine again in motion, thereby
preventing the engineer from going at a greater speed than is necessary,
affording to passengers and goods a great degree of safety by rendering a
collision almost impossible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by Windsor Lewis Morgan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th May 1875.
I, WINDSOR LEWIS MORGAN, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of
Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROTARY ENGINES,” to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in the construction of such
rotary engines as have a cylindrical piston mounted upon a central axis
or shaft, and which piston rotates within a cylinder, whereby such
engines can be more economically and efficaciously worked than as
hitherto constructed.
According to this Invention the cylindrical piston has two projections
formed on its periphery, one on each side of the central axis or shaft,
and which projections work in a groove formed for their reception in the
interior of the cylinder. The cylinder is provided with two inlet pipes
placed one at each side thereof, and an exhaust pipe placed at the top of
the cylinder, and which inlet and exhaust pipes are provided with

page_text: suitable valves for the regulation of the ingress and egress of the
steam.
When the steam is admitted into the cylinder by one of the before
mentioned inlet pipes, it impinges upon the face of one of the projections
on the periphery of the cylindrical piston, and causes the latter to rotate !
about one-fourth of the distance round the cylinder, the expansive force
of the steam driving the piston another two-fourths. When the piston
has completed half a revolution the second projection is impinged upon
by the steam, thus giving a double power to the piston, namely the
expansive power of the steam acting upon the first projection, and the ]
direct power of the steam acting upon the second projection.
When it is desired to reverse the motion of the engine, the steam is
shut off from the first inlet pipe and admitted through the one on the
other side of the cylinder, the piston thus being caused to revolve in the
opposite direction.
Two slides or covers are provided in the cylinder, one on each side
above the respective inlot pipes, and which slides or covers are worked
by means of a cam or cams mounted upon the piston shaft outside the
cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING FABRICS IN IMITATION OF SEAL AND OTHER SKINS AND FURS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Dobson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March
1875.
I, NICHOLAS DOBSON, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manager,
¡ do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING FABRICS IN IMITATION OF SEAL AND OTHER SKINS AND FURS," to be as
follows:-
-
My Invention has for its object an improved mode of weaving plush
or velvet fabrics in imitation of seal and other skins and furs by power,
and consists, according to one arrangement, in the employment of of a
deep wire or wires having a knife or cutting edge at the side instead of on
the upper edge of the wire in combination with pile wires of the ordinary
character, having the knife or cutting edge at the top of one end thereof.
I propose to raise the pile by means of three pile wires, two comparatively
low wires of the ordinary kind, and one deep wire having the cutting
edge at the side thereof. The object and effect of this arrangement is to
cut the pile of various or uneven lengths so as to produce a closer

page_text: imitation of some kinds of fur or skins than is possible where the nap or
pile is all of one uniform length..?
My Invention also consists in the employment for the same purpose
of pile wires of different depths when such pile wires have cutting edges
applied thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING FEED WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Buckley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
September 1875.
. I, WILLIAM BUCKLEY, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING FEED WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows: —
This Invention relates to certain improvements in and in apparatus
for heating feed water for steam boilers and other purposes, and the
improvements consist mainly in the construction, application, and use of
a suitable water vessel or receptacle placed in or in connection with the
exhaust or eduction pipe or pipes of steam engines in any suitable position,
vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, the said vessel or receptacle being
constructed so that the steam after having passed into the cylinder of
the engine passes therefrom and comes in contact with and imparts its
heat to the water in the vessel or receptacle as it passes either to the

page_text: atmosphere or to the condenser, as the case may be, either in stationary,
locomotive, marine, portable, or other descriptions or kinds of steam
engines or steam hammers; or the vessel or receptacle may be used
separately for heating water by steam for other purposes than for use in
or the feed or supply of steam boilers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR BREAD
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1875.-A communication from abroad by Théophilo
Charles Marie Huyttens, of Gand, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of tho said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR BREAD," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Théophile Charles Maric Huyttens, of
Gand, in the Kingdom of Belgium," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the production of bread at a cheap
rate, which whilst equal in nutritive power and flavour to the higher
priced best bread shall be capable of preserving its freshness for a much
longer period than the same.
In order to effect these objects it is proposed to employ the following
ingredients in about the under-mentioned proportions, viz. :—
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WIRING AND BINDING OF HAT AND BONNET SHAPES OR FOUNDATIONS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Stubbs and Frederick
Rolland Palmer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st December 1875.
We, GEORGE STUBBS and FREDERICK ROLLAND PALMER, both of
Bridgewater Square, in the City of London, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
WIRING AND BINDING OF HAT AND BONNET SHAPES OR FOUNDATIONS," to be as
follows:-
-
Our improvement consists principally in the wiring and binding of hat
and bonnet shapes or foundations by the use of the sewing machine, by
using an ordinary Boston guide or feeder, and binding the edges with
silk or cotton or other suitable materials.