Improvements in Anchors.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Feb., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 30th July, 1897-Accepted, 11th Sept.,
1897
Improvements in Anchors.
I GEORGE HARDEN LANGLEY of No. 13 Villa Road Brixton in the County of
London Civil and Marine Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
:-
"
My Invention relates to Anchors of the class or type known as "Martins' Anchors'
such as are described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Claude and
Hyppolite Martin dated 30th May 1872 No. 1632, and it consists of certain Improve-
ments in the forin and construction, and in the material used in the manufacture of
such Anchors, whereby they are more efficient in use, and they can be made 50 per
cent. stronger, and 50 per cent. cheaper, than hitherto.
My improved central Stop Action, and the material I use for making the Anchors,
and my method of construction is altogether upon an entirely new principle. I do
away altogether with the open and exposed recesses, Shoulders, Jackets, Plates,
Cotters and Keys, Box head, and other arrangements, and weak parts subject to
strain, and liable to have their Action interfered with by the lodginent of earth, sand,
or rabble.
I make on the inward, or outward surface of the round eye, or opening, in that
part of the Anchor known as the head of the Shank a rib or stop, and I make on the
inward, or outward surface of the Anchor Cross, or in the centre of the Crown Arms,
or fluke piece a slot of sufficient size to receive the said rib or stop.
I make the said rib or stop of the maximum size and strength practicable, and
capable of resisting a shearing strain equal to three times the strength of the shearing
strain of the P'in of the Cable Shackle, so as to give the greatest power of
resistance.
I make on the inward, or outward surface of the round eye, or opening in the head
of the Shank a semi-circular recess extending from side to side of the said Eye, or
opening to enable the cross or crown Arms to be placed in their proper position and
to enable the Slot in the Anchor Cross, or in the centre of the Crown Arins to receive
the said rib or stop.
The Crown Arms or fluke piece is secured in position by means of a Semi-circular
Bush bearing of brass, copper, white metal, or other similar alloy, so as to prevent
corrosion by oxidation when not in use, and it is so fitted as to entirely close up the
recess in the head of the shank, the said Bush or bearing being also in turn effectually
secured and kept in position by washers and the Eyes of the Buoying Shackle fitted
in the usual way. The Arms so secured cannot be displaced from their position in
any possible manner.
The Stock or Steadying Arms and head of the Shank may be made of any suitable
form that will avoid the fouling of the Cable.
The different parts constituting the Anchor are made of forged, Wrought, or
Malleable iron, or cast in a Malleable alloy of Iron or Manganese, or other metal such
as has been made by Sir Henry Bessemer and Robert Hadfield of Sheffield or by the
Siemen-Martin or other process of making mild Steel, or other alloy of Malleable iron
and other metal, where the Metal alloyed is used in such quantity as to remove the

page_text: metal from the category of Steel, and whereby the Shank of the Anchor can be made
either of forged Steel, and the flukes and Stock of Cast Steel, or the centre of the
Cross or crown Arms of cast Steel, and the Palms forged to prevent the Flukes bending
at the points. The different parts of the Anchor may be ribbed and grooved in such
a manner as to give greater resisting surface and they may be forged, cast, or annealed
in the customary manner.
Improvements in Anchors.
I, GEORGE HARDEN LANGLEY of Number 13 Villa Road, Brixton, in the County of
London, Civil and Marine Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying Sheet of Drawings:-
My Invention relates to Anchors of the class or type known as "Martins' Anchors,"
such as are described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Claude and
Hyppolite Martin, dated 30th May 1872, and Numbered 1632.
My Improved central stop action is on an entirely new principle, and the
Improvements are such that the Anchor can be made 50 per cent. stronger and 50 per
cent. cheaper than hitherto, and they can be tested 100 per cent. over and above the
Admiralty or Lloyd's proof strain and requirements without permanent deflection.
In an Anchor inade with my Improvements I entirely dispense with side strains,
open and exposed recesses, shoulders, jackets, boxhead and other arrangements and
weak parts, subject to strain and liable to have their action interfered with by the
lodgement of earth, sand, or rubble; any small quantity of sand, earth or rubble.
that might interfere with the proper action, if between the working parts of my
Improved Anchor, is certain to be speedily dislodged and washed away.
I will now describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings my Improved
form of Anchor, with the principle of stop action as in accordance with my
Invention.
In the accompanying sheet of Drawings the same letters of reference refer to like
or corresponding parts throughout the several figures thereof :-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of my Improved form of Anchor.
Figure 2, is a plan of same.
Figure 3, is a side elevation of the shank head, shewing the rib or stop, and the
hole and recess for receiving the crown arms and the collar or bush bearing.
Figure 4. is a further side elevation of the shank head shewing the rib or stop,
and the collar or bush bearing in position.
Figure 5 exhibits a plan of the anchor cross or crown arms partly shewing the slot
or recess.
Figure 6, is a further plan or inner portion of the anchor cross or crown arms
shewing a full view of the slot or recess.
1
Figures 7 and 8 exhibit plan and side elevation of the collar or bush bearing which
secures the anchor cross and crown arms in position.
In carrying out my Invention I make on or about the centre of the width froin side
to side of the round eye or opening "A," in the head of the shank "B," a rib or
stop "C," and I make on or about the centre of the anchor cross or crown
arms "D," a slot or recess "E," of suitable size to receive the said rib or stop "C."
I make the said rib or stop "C," of the maximuin size and strength practicable,
and capable of bearing a shearing strain of the pin "F," of the cable shackle, so as
to give the greatest power of resistance, and whereby the liability to the deflection of

page_text: the anchor cross or crown arms "D," beyond the proper angle, or a permanent set,
or any risk or liability of indentation of the rib or stop "C" on the axis of the anchor
cross, or crown arms "D," is avoided, when suddenly brought into collision on being
tested to great strains.
66
I also make on the round eye or opening "A," in the head of the shank "B," a
semicircular recess G," extending from side to side of the said eye or opening "A,"
to enable the anchor cross or crown arms "D," to be placed in proper position.
The anchor cross or crown arms "D," are secured in position by means of a collar
or bush bearing "H," made of nickeled brass or copper or white metal, or other
similar or suitable alloy so as to prevent oxidation when not in use.
The collar or bush bearing "H," is so fitted as to extend from side to side of the
eye or opening "A," in the head of the shank "B," so as to entirely close up the
semicircular recess "G."
The collar or bush bearing "H," is effectually secured and kept in its position by
means of ordinary washers, which are also in turn secured by the buoying
shackle "J," or by any other suitable mechanical method best adapted for the
purpose.
By means of the semicircular recess "G," and the central eye or opening "A," in
the head of the shank "B," combined;-I not only obtain greater resisting power for
the rib or stop "C," but I am also enabled to make the Palms "K," of the anchor cross
or crown arins "D," of greater width power and strength, and more simple in
construction and at the same time, the liability is obviated to the fracture or bending
of the points.
The stock or steadying arms "L," may be made of any suitable form that will
avoid the fouling of the cable.
The shank of the anchor may be fitted with lifting shackles, the anchor cross or
crown arins may be formed either oval or square in section, and the Palms, arms or
stock, may be formed with holes in any part of them for the convenience of fishing
casting and stowing.
The remaining part or parts of the anchor may be made of any suitable form, and
in any suitable manner usual in anchors of the class or description.
The anchor according to my Improvements may be used with or without the stock
or steadying arins as required.
In a further modification of my Invention, the principle of stop action may. be
varied so as to reverse the action of the rib or stop "C," in the head of the shank "B,"
and the slot or recess "E," in the anchor cross or crown arms "D," and the position
of the recess "G," in the head of the shank "B," and the collar or bush bearing "H,"
are likewise reversed, whereby the same results are secured as illustrated by
Figures 9, 10 and 11 in the accompanying drawings.
And further in carrying out my Invention, the different parts constituting my
Improved Anchor are made of forged, wrought, or Malleable iron, or cast in a
Malleable alloy of Iron, or Manganese or other metal, such as has been made by Sir
Henry Bessemer or Robert Hadfield of Sheffield, or by the "Siemen-Martin," or
other process of making Mild Steel, or other alloy of malleable Iron and other metal,
where the metal alloyed is used in such quantity as to remove the metal from the
category of steel, and whereby the shank of the Anchor can be made of forged steel,
and the flukes and stock of cast steel, or the centre of the cross or crown arms of
cast steel, and the Palms forged to prevent the flukes bending at the points, and the
different parts of the Anchor may also be ribbed and grooved in such a manner as to
give greater resisting surface and they may also be forged, cast or annealed in the
usual manner for anchors of the class or description.
Having now particularly described the nature of my said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed-I declare that what I claim is :-
First. In anchors of the "Martin class" or type referred to I claim-A rib or stop
in connection with the eye or opening in the head of the shank on or about the
centre of the width from side to side thereof receiving a slot or recess on or about the

page_text: centre of the length of the anchor cross or crown arms acting in conjunction with
the recess in the eye or opening in the head of the shank and the collar or bush
bearing substantially in manner as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying sheet of drawings.
Second. The general arrangement and combination of parts, constituting my
Improved Anchor as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying sheet
of drawings.
Witness:-
T. HERBERT ROBERTS, C. & M.E.,
85 Leadenhall Street, E.C.
GEORGE HARDEN LANGLEY.