Improvements in the Manufacture of Dough from Cereals, and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Aug., 1893-Accepted, 25th Nov., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Dough from Cereals, and
Apparatus therefor.
1, FERDINAND IWANOWITSCH GELINCK, of 149, Alexandre Str., Riga, in the
Russian Empire, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates, first, to a process for enabling dough to be produced
directly from corn, thus obviating the necessity for first converting the corn into
flour, while at the same time ensuring that every part of the corn treated is
turned to account, there remaining in the dough no pieces that are not properly
crushed or reduced; and, secondly, it refers to apparatus adapted for use in
carrying out such process.
According to the improved process, the corn, after being washed and freed from
all impurities, is steeped in water at a temperature of 50° C. for an hour and a half,
and is then conveyed, in predetermined quantities, to a pair of rollers to be crushed.
The crushed mass is conducted into a ribbed casing of peculiar shape, in the
interior of which a conveyer-screw or worm rotates. By means of the screw-thread
and the ribs of the casing, the crushed mass is further reduced; any pieces which
may have escaped crushing being cut up by rotating knives. The whole of the
material is then forced through a perforated plate or sieve into another similar
casing or compartment, where it is still further reduced by another screw-thread.
It is next forced through a finer sieve or plate with smaller perforations, any pieces
that still require dividing being again cut up by knives. Such parts as are
too large to pass through the second sieve are conducted back, owing to the
peculiar shape of the casing and screw, and once more undergo the reducing process
in the second casing or cylinder; the operation being repeated until the required
degree of fineness is attained, when the dough is ready for use.
Apparatus whereby the improved process may be carried out is illustrated in the
accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 an end elevation, and Fig. 3 a plan.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of the casing on an enlarged scale; the conveyer-
screw being shown in side elevation.
Fig. 5 is a corresponding end elevation.
The corn, after having been washed and steeped as described above, is placed in
the hopper a and fed in suitable quantities to the crushing rollers d d¹ by means of
a roller star-shaped in cross section and driven from the pulley c through the
shaft c', pinion and wheel c³. The crushed corn falls into the hopper p, which
conducts the pulpy mass into the receptacle or casing ee. The casing is divided
into halves longitudinally so that it can be opened for cleaning purposes; the
halves being connected on one side by hinges and provided on the other side with
clamps and screws s whereby they can be held securely closed. The casing is,
moreover, divided by a perforated plate or sieve i into two compartments. The
inner surface of the casing is provided with longitudinal grooves t, which terminate
in flattened ribs u (Fig. 5). g and h are the conveyer-screws. The shape of the
threads of these screws is such as to enable them to tear asunder the material sent
through the compartments, and crush it between their flat surfaces and the ribs of
the compartments. By means of the worm or screw y, the mass is moved up in the
direction of the arrow y to the perforated plate i. After being cut up by the knives
or cutters k, it is forced through the perforations in the plate-i into the second
compartment. The interior of this compartment is similar to the first. The
conveyer h, however, which rotates therein, is adapted, first, to scrape off the plate

page_text: or sieve the pulpy mass issuing through its perforations or meshes, and then while
pressing it with considerable force against the walls of the compartment e¹, to
convey it to a second sieve or perforated plate m, the meshes or perforations of
which are smaller than those of the sieve i. After such parts of the dough as may
still need reducing have been cut up by the knives n, the material is forced through
the sieve m. Such pieces of the dough as may still be too large to pass through the
seive mare conducted back, along the groovest in the direction of the arrow 2, and
caused again to undergo the reducing process between the screw h and the ribs u;
and this is repeated as many times as may be necessary to divide the material
into particles sufficiently fine or minute to pass through the sieve m, whence the
mass issues in the condition of dough ready to be kneaded in suitable apparatus
and made into loaves.
The bread which is produced from dough prepared in this manner keeps fresh
much longer than bread made by the ordinary method, in addition to which its
taste and flavour are improved, owing to the fact that, the corn employed, being
first carefully cleaned and washed, is absolutely free from impurities.
The machine above described may be operated through a hand-wheel, by animal
power or by a steam or other motor engine, and is specially adapted for use in
campaigns or on expeditions in places where it is easier to procure corn than flour;
the latter article, which is liable to decay and adulteration, being by this invention
rendered quite unnecessary.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim :-
1. The improved method of producing dough directly from corn, substantially as
herein described.
2. The herein-described process of producing dough directly from corn, consisting
in subjecting the corn to suitable preparatory treatment, and then conveying the
same to a casing in which it is crushed and forced through sieves, any parts
insufficiently crushed being cut up and conducted backward and forward in such a
manner as to subject the unsieved material to repeated crushing until every part
thereof is sufficiently reduced to pass through the sieves.
3. In producing dough directly from corn, the employment of apparatus
constructed or operating substantially as described with reference to the accom-
panying drawings.
4. For use in producing dough directly from corn, a machine comprising a pair
of crushing rollers d d' and a casing e el having longitudinal grooves & terminating
in flat ribs u and provided in the centre with a sieve and at one end with a finer
sieve, through which is forced the material reduced by the joint action of screws or
worms g and hand the ribs u, the said material if necessary moving backward along
the groovest and being brought forward again to be further crushed, substantially
as herein described.
Dated the 5th day of August. 1893
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Chartered Patent Agent.