IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING EXCREMENTITIOUS AND SEWAGEARATUSPLOY
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Henry Baker, of Tunbridge, in the County
Kent, Engineer, and George Friend, of the same Place, Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING EXCREMENTITIOUS AND SEWAGE
Sealed the 1st March 1864, and dated the 8th September 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Henry Baker and
George Friend at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th September 1863.
We, THOMAS HENRY BAKER, of Tunbridge, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
and GEORGE FRIEND, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING EXCREMENTITIOUS
AND SEWAGE MATTERS, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to
be as follows:-
In operating on sewage matters our object is to separate the various matters
collected and to purify the more liquid portion thereof, so that this purified
portion may be allowed to flow or be conducted harmlessly. into rivers or
otherwise, as desired, while the residuum is solidified and becomes a manure.
For this purpose (when dealing with sewers or drains) the sewage matters are
conducted into a receiver, the lower portion of which is provided with grating
adapted to act as a screen or retainer to keep back stones, bricks, and other
solid substances, whilst the less fluid portion of the sewage matter will pass
through this screen into another receiver, from which it may be pumped or
drawn up; at the same time the more fluid portion of the sewage matter will

page_text: rise in the first receiver to the upper portion thereof, which is provided with a
cover formed of or supplied with filtering and purifying matters, and thence
through this cover into a chamber above, of which such cover forms the
bottom, and the sides of which are formed of or supplied with suitable filtering
and purifying materials. The filtering and purifying media employed may be
sand, shingle, refuse from tan pits, gravel, charred tan, charred wood, carbonized
peat, burnt clay, or other woody or earthy substance, either alone or in com-
bination with other substances, and the more fluid portion of the sewage
matters, by percolating through these filtering means, will become purified.
The whole of the works may be under cover and be kept at a uniform. tem-
perature by the aid of the waste steam of the engines employed to work the
pumps or other lifting apparatus.. To. provide against the event of sudden
heavy rains, as well as for other occasions, we employ a storm reservoir with
an opening from the main sewer by self-acting flood gates or sluices. The
more solid portion of the sewage matters, as raised from the lower receiver,
we propose to convey to filtering reservoirs in which, when necessary, we
apply a distributor or distributors. The apparatus we employ for incorporating
deodorizing material with the sewage in the receiving tank consists of a
hopper fixed over the main drain to be charged with deodorizing material,
which is passed into the main drain by means of revolving apparatus receiving
its_motive power from a portion of the sewage being diverted into a chamber
by the side of the main drain for that purpose, or by other suitable means.
For deodorizing and cleansing excrementitious matters of closets and other
places. When it is not necessary to have sunk cesspools, or where cesspools
are not already in use, we propose to introduce into the closets portable boxes
or containers, substituting ordinary closet seats, such box or container to be
constructed of galvanised iron or other suitable materials. In connection
with the seat box or container will be a chamber charged with deodorizing
materials, so that when the closet is being used a portion of the deodorizing
matter will fall upon the surface of the deposit. The distribution of such
deodorizing matter will be.regulated by a spring or balance valve, which may
be attached to the seat or.the.closet door, or otherwise, to effect a self-acting
system of deodorizing. In dealing with sunk cesspools we raise the deodorized
manure from the same by use of a spiral pump or other apparatus, which may
be applied to the manure in the cesspool through the hole in the seat or other
suitable opening, so that such manure may be drawn up into boxes or other
suitable receivers to be conveyed to the manure waggon or other receiver.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Henry Baker and George Friend in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 8th March 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
HENRY BAKER, of Tunbridge, in the County of Kent, Engineer, and GEORGE
FRIEND, of the same Place, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Thomas Henry Baker and George Friend, Her special licence
that we, the said Thomas Henry Baker and George Friend, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Henry
Baker and George Friend, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TREATING EXCREMENTITIOUS AND SEWAGE MATTEES, AND IN THE MEANS:
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others), that.
we, the said Thomas Henry Baker and George Friend, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should. particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner.
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great:
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the.
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Henry Baker and George
Friend, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what.
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer---
tained in and by the following statement thereof,. that is to say :-
The improvements relate, first, to operating on sewage matters in order to
separate the various parts of them as collected, and to purify the more liquid
portion thereof, when this liquid portion may be allowed to flow or be con-
ducted harmlessly into rivers or otherwise, as desired, while the residuum is
solidified to be used as a manure. But that the improvements may be better
understood, we will proceed, by the aid of the accompanying Drawings, more.
fully to describe the same.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a plan of apparatus arranged according to one part of the
improvements; Figures 2 and 3 shew transverse sections of parts of Figure 1.
The sewage matters are conducted from the main drain or sewer a, a², into
a receiver b, the lower portion of which is provided with a grating or screen b¹,
adapted to act as a screen or retainer to keep back stones, bricks, and other
solid substances, whilst the less fluid portion of the sewage matter will pass
through this grating or screen 6' into the receiver c, from which it may be
drawn up by pumping apparatus c', or by other suitable means.
At the same
time the more fluid portion of the sewage matter will rise in the reservoir b
to the upper portion thereof, which is provided with a cover d formed of
grating lined with fine openwork, and supplied with filtering and purifying
matters d', and thence such fluid matters will rise through this cover into a
chamber e above it, and of which such cover forms the bottom, whilst the sides e¹
of this chamber e are formed of grating, also lined and similarly supplied with
suitable filtering and purifying materials. The filtering and purifying media
employed may be sand, shingle, refuse from tan pits, gravel, charred tan,
charred wood, carbonized peat, burnt clay, or other woody or earthy substance,
either alone or in combination with other substances, and the more fluid
portion of the sewage matters by percolating through these filtering means
will become purified. This chamber e is surrounded by a channel or gutter e,
by which the liquid overflowing from the chamber e is collected, to be thence
conducted by a pipe or channel es into any adjacent stream or otherwise, as
may be desired. The whole of the works may be under cover, and be kept
at a uniform temperature, or so as to avoid inconvenience arising from excessive
cold of winter by the aid of the waste steam of the engines employed to work
the pumps or other lifting apparatus. f is a storm reservoir adapted to
provide against the event of sudden heavy rains, as well as for other occasions,
there being an opening f¹ from the main sewer a' supplied with flood gates or
sluices which may be self-acting, if desired, in order to open with excessive
pressure. 1, 1, is a grating to. collect bricks, stones, and other matters between
the parts a and a¹ of the sewer. The more solid portion of the sewage
matters raised from the lower receiver 6 we then convey into filtering reservoirs
or receivers, which may be charged with deodorizing substances, and, by pre-
ference, we place such more solid sewage matter in closed chambers such as
shewn in plan at Figure 4, and longitudinal and transverse section, Figures
5 and 6; two of these chambers 9 are shewn, but other number of them may
be employed. Each of these chambers is formed at one end with filtering

page_text: media g', whilst the other end 92 is formed to slide within it, and when pressed
inwards upon the contained matter, it serves as a piston to force out the
liquid matter still remaining in such contained matter. These chambers 9 are
furnished with wheels to run on rails, so that each may be brought with its
end opposite the end of the rod h, which is formed with teeth h¹ so as to be
acted upon by the teeth of a pinion h³ upon an axis driven by a steam engine
or other suitable power by which the rod h may be acted on with force to
move the piston 9, and when sufficient pressure has been applied to the
piston g³ of one chamber g, that chamber will be shifted to admit of another
coming into its place to be similarly acted upon.
To facilitate the incorporating of deodorizing material with the sewage in
the receiving tank, we sometimes employ a hopper fixed over the main drain
charged with deodorizing material, which is passed into the main drain by
means of revolving apparatus, which may receive its motive power from a
portion of the sewage being diverted into a chamber by the side of the main
drain for that purpose, or by other suitable means.
The improvements relate, secondly, to deodorizing and cleansing excre-
mentitious matters of closets and other places. Figure 7 shews a front view;
and Figure 8 a section of apparatus adapted to be employed when sunk
cesspools are not used. i is a portable box or container, which may be formed
so as to be used in place of the ordinary closet seats, and may be constructed
of galvanized iron or other suitable material. In communication with the
box or container there is a climber j, which is charged with suitable
deodorizing materials, and is provided with suitable valvular means in order
that when the closet has been used, a portion of the deodorizing matter
employed may be allowed to fall upon the surface of the deposit.
One arrangement for regulating the flow of the deodorizing matter from
the chamber into the box i, as shewn, is formed by two slides 1, 2, which
are connected to the opposite ends of a lever 3, which turns upon a centre of
motion 4, and may be acted upon by a handle, so that by withdrawing the
valve 1, the valve 2 will be placed across the passage 5, when deodorizing
matter will fall on the valve 2, and occupy the space between the valves
1 and 2, and then by withdrawing the valve 2, the valve 1 will be forced
in, and the portion of deodorizing matter from between the two valves
1 and 2 will fall and be conducted on to the deposit in the box. . The
form or dimension of such valvular apparatus or regulator of the quantity
of deodorizing matter distributed each time of use may be varied, and
in some cases the chambers for regulating the quantity of deodorizing
matter to be employed may be formed, as shewn by Figure 9, by an angular

page_text: or radial division or compartment k adapted to receive the desired quantity of
the deodorizing matter, and then by a lever or other means this division or
compartment k may be caused to turn upon its axis k¹ to deliver its quantity
of matter; when the segmental plate will close the aperture from the receiver,
and when the compartment & has delivered its quantity, a spring orother means
may cause that compartment to return into position to receive a fresh supply.
These means of obtaining regulated quantities of deodorizing matters from
receivers, and throwing them on to the deposit, are also applicable when pans
somewhat similar to those of the ordinary construction are used, having valves
for the discharge of the combined matters in lieu of the ordinary traps now
employed. The distribution of such deodorizing matter may be, if desired,
regulated by a spring or balance valve attached to the seat or to the closet
door, or otherwise, to effect a self-acting system of deodorizing.
In dealing with sunk cesspools we raise the deodorized manure from the
same by the use of a spiral pump or other apparatus which may be applied to
the manure in the cesspool through the hole in the seat or other suitable
opening, so that such manure may be drawn up into boxes or other suitable
receivers to be conveyed to the manure waggon or other receiver.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and means which
we adopt in carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood
that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details shewn and described, as
these may be varied.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Henry Baker and George
Friend, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fifth day of
March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-four.
T. H. BAKER. (L.S.)
GEO. FRIEND. (L.S.)