CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPLIANCES USED IN CONVEYING. TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE BETWEEN DIFFERENT PLACES
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
SHEPHERD, of Holborn Bars, in the City of London, Civil Engineer, and
CHARLES BUTTON, Operative Chemist, of the same place, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-third day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty, in the thirteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her
heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said George Shepherd and
Charles Button, Her especial license that we, the said George Shepherd and
Charles Button, our exors, admors, or assigns, or such others as we, the said
George Shepherd and Charles Button, our exors, admors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man,
and also in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, our Invention:
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPLIANCES USED IN CONVEYING.
TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE BETWEEN DIFFERENT PLACES; " in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso obliging us, the, said George Shepherd and
Charles Button, by an instrument, in writing under our or one of our hands
and seals, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and cause the

page_text: same to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
George Shepherd and Charles Button, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention to consist,-
First, in coating and covering the gutta percha now used for telegraphic-
purposes, and containing any number of insulated communicating wires, with a
mixture consisting of six parts of ground white lead in oil, one part of red lead,
one part of kreosote, mixed well together, and a sufficient quantity of boiled
linseed oil or drying oil to make the above into a mixture of the consistency
of cream. This mixture is spread on flanel, hempen bands or cords, waterproof
canvass, or any other suitable materials, which, after the same having been well
saturated with the before-mentioned mixture, the said flannel coatings are
then passed through a set of warmed rollers, in order to fill up the pores of the
flannel coatings before mentioned; then the flannel coating is wrapped round
the gutta percha which contains the wires to the requisite thickness, the gutta
percha being previously warmed to cause the flannel coating to adhere to it.
It may be wound in successive layers for the security and protection of the
gutta percha. The object of the flannel coating is to prevent the gutta percha
being damaged.
Second, we prepare a composition, consisting of two parts pitch, two parts
tar, two parts gutta percha, one part creosote, melted together, with a suffi-
ciency of boiled or drying oil added to make the mixture of the consistency of
thick cream. Whilst hot the flannel coatings before described are well
saturated in the composition, and afterwards passed through rollers and applied
to the gutta percha containing the wires as aforesaid.
Third, we may use, instead of the above, a composition which consists of
four parts gutta percha, two parts white lead, one part red lead, and one part
creosote, melted together, with a sufficient quantity of boiled oil added to
bring it to the consistency of thick cream; the flannel coatings before mentioned
are then well saturated in this hot compound, passed through the rollers,
and applied to the gutta percha containing the wires in the manner before
described. Or,
Fourth, we may use a composition of two parts gutta percha, two parts oxide
of zinc, one part creosote, two and a half parts of boiled oil, melted together
and applied warm, as before described. Or,
Fifth, we may use a composition of two parts gutta percha, two parts

page_text: boiled oil, one part creosote, melted by heat. The flannel coatings are then
saturated with this composition while warm, and wrapped round the gutta
percha containing the wire in the manner before described. Or we use equal
parts of gutta percha and creosote melted together and applied as before, the
object being to prevent the same being destroyed or damaged by sea animals.
Sixth, after the process of wrapping the before-described flannel coatings
round the gutta percha containing the wires with one or more of the before-
mentioned compositions, we encase, coat, or cover the same with a metallic
wrapping, which may be made either of galvanized iron, iron wire rope, copper
wire, or copper sheet, galvanized iron bands, copper bands, or bands of any
other known suitable metallic compound, so as to protect the before-described
wires, with their flannel coating, from friction arising when passing over rocks,
also from the destructive effects of sea animals, and all other submarine
contingencies. The wires, when thus embedded in gutta percha, wrapped
with the saturated media, and cased with metal, we call the electro-marine
line.
Seventh, this electro-marine line is again further protected and secured by
being fixed or attached within the angular spaces formed by the links of chains,
whether made of ordinary links or T bars, as herein-after shewn by the
Drawings annexed; or the electro-marine line can also be run or entwined or
woven through or between the links of a chain, or run through or attached by
means of extra links or double links to the chains which are to receive the
same; or may be simply attached in paralell lines to wire rope, or any other
medium capable of taking the requisite strain, by means of clasps or bands
of any suitable metal, or may be wound round the same in a spiral form, and
in such a manner as to prevent its being in any way damaged either from the
anchorage of ships or friction from passing over rocks, and all other submarine
contingencies whatever. The strains on all occasions are on the chains, bars,
links, angle iron, groved bars, or wire ropes, as before described, and the
electro-marine line at all times secured and protected.
Eighth, from the peculiar manner we arrange and protect the electro-marine
line a great number of communicating wires can be secured by one chain or
chains, according to the size of the links or number of grooves in the bars or
angles in the same for the reception of the electro-marine line herein-before
described.
Ninth, in the mode or method of studding the links of the chains with
an arch footed stud, so that the clasp is run through the arch in the centres
at the top and bottom of the stud, as shewn in the Drawing.

page_text: Tenth, in a testing apparatus attached either to the chains, angle iron bars,
or grooved bars, before described, and placed at intervals of one or two miles
apart, or any other distance that may be determined upon. The testing boxes
are to afford the means of ascertaining when required the defective part or
parts of the submarine communicating wires, and to facilitate repairs, and the
renewal of any part or portion of the same, without any interruption to the
'telegraphic communication.
Eleventh, in buoying or attaching buoys to the lines of telegraph, as here-
after more particularly described.
Twelfth, in suspending the submarine portion of the telegraph at given
depths in very deep water; this we effect by attaching hollow metal globes,
cylinders, or double cones, which we term immersed buoys, at fixed intervals on
the chains; the immersed buoy or buoys being made of either wood, iron, or
any other suitable materials, and cased internally and sectionally with gutta
percha, and then filled either with cork shavings or any other light substances,
or with large gutta percha tubes of various lengths and sizes; these tubes to
be hermetically sealed, the object of which is to give the said buoy a sufficient
buoyant power in the event of the water penetrating into the same.
Thirteenth, in the means or mode of protecting the telegraph from the sea
shore contingencies; this is effected by encasing the same in iron pipes or
tubes cast in lengths and sections, and jointed and screwed together both
horizontally and vertically by means of screw bolts, through flanges cast on
the pipes for that purpose; these same are afterwards secured and fastened to
the shore, either by means of piles driven into the shore, into. which the
holding down bolts are inserted, or the holding down bolts may be let into
rocks or stone blocks, arranged for that purpose and fastened to the same
by means of fox wedges, in the manner herein-after described.
Fourteenth, in the means of further protecting the telegraph, to be effected
by means of tubes with ball and sockett moveable joints, which are screwed
together horizontally with screw bolts and nuts through the flanges, as before
described; these tubes can also be used for the purpose of protecting the
electro-marine line without the aid and use of the chains, the electro-marine
line being confined inside the tubes.
And. in further compliance with the, said proviso we, the said George
Shepherd and Charles Button, do hereby describe the manner in which our
said Invention is to be performed by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings annexed and the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to sav: —

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, Plan 1, is a circular piece of gutta percha containing five wires
to convey the electricity, but more or less wires may be inserted as may be
required, or the wires may be separately insulated and twisted together; A is
the section of the same. Figure 2 shews the mode of wrapping the bands of
flannel, hempen bands, cords, or waterproof canvass, or any other suitable
article of manufacture, round the gutta percha containing the wires. The
flannel coating or other material, previous to its being wrapped round the
gutta percha, is cut in slips and well saturated either with the composition
heréiu-before mentioned of red and white lead, oil, and creosote mixed together
to a suitable consistency, or any of the other compositions before mentioned;
and in the composition the flannel or other material is well saturated, and
afterwards passed through hot rollers to press the compound into the fabric.
The flannel coating thus prepared is then cut in slips and then wrapped round
the gutta percha containing the wires, which is previously warmed to cause the
flannel coatings to adhere to the same; this wrapping is then laid on to the
requisite thickness in successive layers, in a form as shewn in the Figure by
the lines B, B, and the ends of the first and second series of the wrappings
C, C; the same is also shown in the section of the same Figure; this wrapping,
as before described, is to prevent the gutta percha containing the wires A,
Figure 1, from being damaged by the wire covering or casing or sea animals,
which is shewn in Figure 3. A is the gutta percha containing the wires.
B the flannel wrapping described in Figure 2. D is a wire covering or casing
which is plated round the wrapping, for which purpose Number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,.or
any other suitable size of Mr. Newall's patent wire rope, may be used, or any
galvanized or other wire. The same is shewn in the section, A denoting the
gutta percha, B the casing, and D the wire casing or covering. Figure 4 shews
the second mode of covering or casing the same. A is the gutta percha containing
the wires. B the wrapping which is covered with strong wire a suitable wire
rope E, E, which is wound round over the wrapping B in a spiral form. The
same is shown in the section: A the gutta percha; B the wrapping; E is the
metallic casing. Fig. 5 shows the third method of protecting the gutta percha
containing the wires and wrapping with a metallic covering or casing. A is the
gutta percha; B the wrapping, which is covered with metallic bands either of
galvanized iron, iron, copper, or any other suitable metal or metallic compound
F, F, and in successive layers G, G, and as shown in the section, as before de-
scribed in the preceding Figures. Figure 6 shows the fourth mode of protecting
the gutta percha containing the wires and the wrapping. A is the gutta percha
containing the wires; B the wrapping which is covered with iron ferrules;

page_text: H, H, the iron or other metals which is rolled in sheets with a groove
I, I, at the one end and a small circular flange K at the other, which is
afterwards cut in widths and bent round a mandrill; the cut edges are bevilled
down as shewn in the section; L the ferule which is bent round the gutta
percha and wrapping with the grooves over the flanges, as shewn at I, K,
whilst the two bevilled edges meet, as shewn in the section at L, and thereby
protect the prepared wires, and also form a moveable joint. The wires having
been prepared and covered with the metallic casing, as before described with
reference to any one of the preceding Figures, we call our electro-marine
line, the same are placed, fastened, and secured in the angles of chains of
various descriptions, such as are now used for moving ships and various other
purposes, are shewn at Figure 7. M, M, M, M, are the vertical and horizontal
links of the chain, into the angles of which are fixed the electro-marine lines,
as described, for instance, in Figure 3. D, D, D, D, containing twenty electric
wires, are fastened in that position by means of iron clasps N, N, N; these
clasps are bent under or inside the links, and take hold of the electro-marine
line in the angles in such a manner as to move with the chain universally, the
chains taking all the strains, whether anchorage of slips passing over rocks,
and all other submarine contingencies; and the electro-marine lines are at all
times protected by the chains, and in case any of the electro-marine lines
D, D, D, D, require to be renewed, the chain is to be raised to the surface
over the decks of one or two steam ships or platforms; the clasps N are opened
and the electro-marine lines taken out and replaced by new ones without
interruption to the communication, that being carried on through the other
electro-marine lines attached to the chain. Figure 8 shews the section and
plan of the clasp fastenings. M is the link. D, D, the electro-marine
lines, with N, N, the clasps, bent round the same, holding the electro-marine
lines D, D, in their respective positions. Figure 9 shews the mode or method
in which we stud the links of the chain. M is the link, O the form of the
stud. P is the eye or orifice, through which the clasps N, see Figures 8
and 10, secures the electro-marine lines in the angles of the chains, as shown
in the section of the same Figure 10. M is the link. O, the section of the
stud with the clasp N to. hold the electro-marine lines passed through the
eye P. We also protect the electro-marine lines in the angles of rolled bar-
angle iron, as shewn in Figure 11. Qis the section of bar with four angles,
into which the electro-marine lines D, D, D, D, are placed, and secured in
the angles by means of the clasps N before described.
through the metal for the same, as shewn in the section.
iron may be attached together either by means of double shackles or single
An eye is made
The bars of angle

page_text: links, in order to give the bars an universal joint, as shown in the Drawing.
M is the link which unites the two bars R, R. Figure 12 is the horizontal
view of the mode or method of joining the angle iron bars described in
Figure II., R, R, with the link M' which unites the two bars. D, D, is the
electro-marine lines, and N, N, N, N, the clasps before described. Figure 13
shews the method or manner we protect the electro-marine lines in grooves
rolled in the iron or the metal bars. 'S is a section of the bar, with
D, D, D, D, the electro-marine lines, placed in the grooves and secured in the
same with clasps N, N, before described. These grooved bars or links might
be made of any suitable length, and the grooves enlarged for the purpose
of holding or receiving several more electro-marine lines. The bars T, T;
are united by means of the link M before described. Figure 14 is a side
view of the grooved bars described in Figure 13. T, T, are the grooved
bars; M, the link which unites the bars; D, D, the electro-marine lines;
and N, the clasps before described. Figure shews the third mode of pro-
tecting the before-described electro-marine lines in rolled grooved bars, as
shewn in the section U, in which is placed the electro-marine lines D, D,
which are secured in the grooves by means of the clasps N, in the manner
described in the preceding Figures. These grooves may be enlarged to
receive several or hold several more of the electro-marine lines in one or
more of the grooves. The bars V, V, are to be made of any suitable lengths,
and the same may either be united by means of a link M, double shackle, or
a metallic joint, before described. Figure 16 is a side view of the grooved
bars described in Figure 15. V, V, the side view of the bars; M, the link
which unites the bars; D, D, the electro-marine lines; and N, the clasp which
holds them in their respective positions in the manner before described:
Figure 17 shews the mode or method we protect the electro-marine lines by
means of wire rope. W, W, is a section and elevation of the wire rope, with
D, D, D, the electro-marine lines, placed in a parallel position with the wire
ropes, and secured to the same by means of a clasp X, which is bent round
the wire rope and electro-marine lines, and holds the same in the requisite
position. Figure 18 shews the second mode of protecting the electro-marine
lines by means of wire ropes. W, W, is the section and elevation of the wire
rope, with D, the electro-marine lines, wound round the same in a spiral form,
and there protected either with or without the aid of clasps before described,
the wire ropes taking all the strains arising from submarine contingencies,
whilst the electo-marine lines are for the purpose of conveying the telegraphic
communication.
Having described the several modes or methods of preparing and protecting

page_text: the electro-marine lines, we shall next proceed to describe the next part of
our said Invention, namely, the submarine testing apparatus. These are to
be attached to the chains, bars, angle-iron, or grooved bars or wire ropes,
or other flexible bands, at any suitable distance, as hereafter to be
determined.
Figure 19 is the ground plan of the resting-box or apparatus. M, M, M, M,
are the vertical and horizontal links of the chain; D, D, D, D, the electro-
marine lines; N, N, N, the clasp fastenings before described. The chains
containing the electro-marine lines are united to each end of the centre plate
of the testing box A, A. .The four electro-miarine lines D, D, D, D, are
continued into the testing apparatus, which is constructed in three parts or
sections, shewn in the transverse section, Figure 20, and in the elevation,
Figure 22.
a is the centre piece; bb, the two cap pieces. Figure 20, c shews
the end view and section of the testing apparatus, and d the section of the
same, which contains four grooves made in the centre piece, and corresponding
grooves are made in the cap pieces b, b, as shewn in the section by the letters
e, e, e, e, into which the electro-marine lines D, D, are carried, as shown in the
plan, Figures 20 and 22, to a suitable distance, at the end of which nozzle
pieces or rings f,f, are fixed and let into the enlarged grooves 9,9; the
wire h, h, is then twisted either before or round the rings, in order to prevent
the electro-marine lines being moved; contact is then made with the electric
wires in the grooves at i, i, as shown in Figures 20 and 22, after which each
wire is insulated with gutta percha and a joint is made round the prepared
electric wires and gutta percha, when the apparatus is screwed together by
means of the screw bolts K, K. On referring again to the Figures 19 and 20,
a carved piece of metal is extended, shewn by the Letter 1, to which a chain is
attached by means of a shackle m; this chain is to be extended to the surface
of the water, and to the end of which a buoy is attached in the manner shown
in Figure 21. n is the buoy, and o is a small globe or other signal fixed on
the top of the buoy, to point out the position of the line of telegraph to the
mariners and others. And in case any of the wires or chains should be
defective, the testing apparatus can be drawn up with the same, and the
defective parts ascertained, or any part of the apparatus can be renewed, by
disconnecting the same at the shackles Y, Y, whether in the chains, electro-
marine lines, or testing apparatus.
Figure 23 is the ground plan of our second form or mode of constructing
the testing apparatus; Figure 24 is the transverse section; Figure 25 the
side elevation of the same. M the link of the chain; Y, Y, the shackles with
which the same is attached to the centre piece of the testing apparatus a, a,

page_text: as shewn in Figures 23 and 25. Z is a cap attached to the shackle, which
receives the wire rope W, shewing how the wire rope may be used for
protecting the electro-marine lines, as described in Figure 17 and 18, and
also the method of attaching the same to the testing apparatus. The electro-
marine lines D, D, D, D, are continued into the testing apparatus through the
grooves e, e, e, e, and at each end of the cap pieces b, b, Figures 24 and 25,
are circular metal clasps p.p, and p, p, which are fitted round the
electro-marine lines D, D, which secures the same to the centre piece
of the testing apparatus a, a, which secure them to the same by means
of screw bolts and nutts r, r. The object of the clasps p, p, is to hold
the electro-marine lines in their respective positions, whilst the connection
being made with the continuing wires in the grooves at i, i, and also to
perform the same operation during any subsequent examination, as well as an
additional security to the nozzle rings f, f, and the wire wrapping h, h, before
described in Figures 19 and 22.
=
In the transverse section, Figure 24, Letter c shews the end view of the
testing apparatus; D, D, the electro-marine wires; e, e, the grooves; Y, the
connecting shackle; p, p, the clasp fixed round the electro-marine lines D, and
screwed to the centre piece a with the screw bolts and nutts r, r. Section d,
in the same Figure, shows the mode of fixing on the cap pieces, which are
four in number b, b, and b, b, which are screwed to the centre piece a by means
of the screw bolts k, k, each of which caps may be taken off independantly of
the others to examine or renew any part of the electro-marine lines. S, S, is
a piece of metal welded on the centre plate a, to which the caps b, b, are made
to fit accurately against; but this is not absolutely requisite, as the caps may
be made to fit against each other and form a metallic joint or otherwise.
e,. e, are the grooves in the centre piece, into which the electric wires i, i, are
connected and insulated with the gutta percha, in the manner before described.
In Figures 23 and 24 are shewn by the Letters l, l, the curved piece of metal
to which the buoy chain is attached by means of the shackle m, before described
in Figures 19 and 21.
'
Having described the testing apparatus, we shall next proceed to describe
our said mode or method of suspending or buoying the line of telegraph in
deep water at any given depths to be hereafter determined. First, by what
we term "immersed buoys," which are attached to the chain containing the
telegraphic wires, at intermédiate distances between the testing apparatus;
and, secondly, by attaching immersed buoys at intermediate distances between
the testing apparatus and the signal buoy at the surface, in the manner shewn
in Figure 26. t is the testing apparatus. M, M, the chains with the electro-

page_text: marine lines D, D, D, D, secured in the angles of the same by means of the
clasps N, in the manner before described in the preceding Figures. u is the
immersed buoy attached to the line of telegraph by means of a shackle V, or
by a short piece of chain or otherwise, to be hereafter determined. These
buoys are to be attached to the line of telegraph at given distances, in order
to keep the same in an horizontal position. 7 is the circular piece of metal
described in Figures 19 and 20, to which is attached the buoy chain by means
of the shackle m, which chain is continued upwards to the buoy at the surface
of the water, Figure 21. But between the testing apparatus and to the buoy
chain we attach immersed buoys at intermediate distances between the testing
apparatus and the signal buoy at the surface, as shewn in Figures 26 and 27.
The buoy chain is attached to the testing apparatus at 7 by means of the
shackle m; the immersed buoys w, w, w, are then attached to the chain in
sufficient numbers to suspend the telegraph, chains, buoys, and testing appa-
ratus at given depths from the surface of the water. The buoys may be made
of any suitable form, either of wood or metal, or metallic compounds. And in
order to render the same perfectly buoyant at all times, we cover or case the
buoy internally and sectionally, if required, with a gutta percha casing, and also
fill the inside of the buoy x with gutta percha tubes of four or five inches, or
other diameters. These tubes are wound round in the inside of the buoys, and
the ends of the tubes are hermetically sealed in order to give the buoy a sufficient
buoyant power in case the water should penetrate through the metal or mate-
rial of which the buoys are constructed. We also lay down or float the line of
telegraphic chains, wire, ropes, &c., or any other medium for protecting the
electric wires, in a similar manner to that before described in Figure 26, by
suspending or buoying up the chains, bars, &c., in an horizontal position
in the deep water; namely, the chains and electro-marine lines are to
be put together in a suitable locality on the shore in given lengths,
and as each length is given out the same is suspended in the water, either
with buoys, boats, or rafts, the line of telegraph is then towed out to sea or
otherwise, with steamers; and as the joints and other connections are made at
the testing apparatus, and when the whole length is so payed out, the same is
then detached from the floating buoys and sinks into its intended position for
communication of intelligence.
Having described the mode or method of buoying the line of telegraph, we
shall next describe the manner or mode by which we protect the chains and
electro-marine lines on the sea shore, against shingles, beatings of the waves,
landing of boats, barges, and other sea shore contingencies. This we effect
by encasing or covering the chains or electro-marine lines with a metallic

page_text: tube casing. These tubes are cast or forged in two parts A, A, as shewn in
Figure 28, which is the side elevation, and Figure 29, the ground plan of
the same, with vertical and horizontal flanges B, B, and B, B. When the
chain C containing the electro-marine lines is placed in the requisite position
the metallic tube casing A, A, is fixed round the same and screwed together,
both vertically and horizontally, either with or without gaskett joints between
the flanges. Figure 28 is the ground plan of the same. A, A, the casing.
B, B, and B, B, the vertical and horizontal flanges. .y, y, the screw bolts
which screw the same together. C is the chain with the electro-marine lines, the
same as before described. This metallic casing is afterwards secured to the
shore by means of the holding down bolts E, E. These bolts are either to be
fastened in piles sunk in the shore for that purpose, or into holes bored into
the rock, as shewn by the Letter F, the ends of which are secured to the rock
by means of the fox wedges G, and cement, and to these bolts and the metal
casing is screwed down and secured to the shore; or the metallic casing may
be secured in a similar manner to blocks of stone shewn by this Letter H, to
be placed on the shore for that purpose. The metallic casing is secured to
the blocks in the same manner as before described.
Figure 30 shews our second mode of constructing and fixing the .metallic
casing, either to protect the chain containing the electro-marine lines (or
otherwise). This metallic casing is also made in two parts A, A, which are
to be cast, forged, or rolled, in suitable lengths, with side flanges B, B. At
each end of the same is a semicircular hollow sphere I, I, and K, K. The
two parts A, A, when screwed together by means of the screw bolts y, y,
formis two hollow male and female spheres I, I. The female sphere fits over
the male sphere K, K, as shown by the dotted lines L, which forms a move-
able joint, and so protects the chain and electro-marine lines, as shewn by the
Letter C, C, and in the centre of the metallic casing. Figure 31 is the ground
plan of the same. A, A, the metallic casing. B, B, the flanges. y, y, the
screw bolts which screw the two parts together. I is the female sphere, with K
the male sphere fitted into same, as shewn by the dotted line L, with C the chain
containing the electro-marine lines. The orifice C containing the chains and
electro-marine lines may be made in any other form, either square or elliptical.
This mode of casing may be used for protecting the gutta, percha containing
the electric wires, whether made into electro-marine lines or otherwise, and
if necessary can be secured, to the shore, in the manner described in Figure 28.
Figure 32 shows the mode of constructing the links of the chains with T iron
bars on T grooved bars; I, I, being a section of the link of the chain; D, D;
electro-marine lines; and N, N, the clasps.

page_text: And now having described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we hereby claim as our
Invention,
First, the chemical preparation of the various compounds herein described
for the purpose aforesaid, and the saturating there with of flannel or other
suitable material for wrapping, and then wrapping and afterwards casing in
metal, as herein-before described, wires for electric telegraph purposes which
have been previously insulated by being imbedded in gutta percha, and
which insulated wires so bedded in gutta percha, wrapped, and cased as aforesaid,
form what we call, for the purpose of this Specification, our electro-marine line.
Second, the application of chains for the protection of our said electro-marine
line by laying the same in the angular grooved and other recesses formed by
the links, whether such links are of round or oval rings, or angle iron or bars
shackeled and bolted or jointed together, varieties of which are shown in the
Drawings annexed, the great object of which, and which we claim as our
Invention, consists in having a flexible foundation to fasten our electro-marine
line to, and which at the same time protects it from injury.
Third, the clasps herein-before described for securing the electro-marine line
to the chain, and the arch-footed link stud for the said clasps to pass through,
and generally the various modes shown in the Drawings, of attaching our
electro-marine line to the chain or flexible bed which forms a part of the
telegraph.
Fourth, the attaching our electro-marine line to a wire rope or flexible
band not being a chain, as shewn in Figures 17 and 18 of the Drawings,
Plan II.
Fifth, the application, construction, insulation, and use of a testing apparatus
as herein described, and the mode of fixing or fastening the testing apparatus
to the chains or flexible bands aforesaid or to our said electro-marine line,
without the flexible foundation.
Sixth, the application and use of surface, signal, and other buoys, whether
the same be attached to the testing apparatus or to the chains or other flexible
bands, to indicate the line of telegraph, and for ascertaining the defects
and effecting repairs or renewing any part or portion of the telegraph.
Seventh, the application and use of immersed buoys, of whatever form or
material, to suspend the chains or flexible bands attached to the electro-marine
line when placed in very deep water, horizontally, at intermediate distances
between the testing apparatus, and vertically at intermediate distances between
the testing apparatus and the surface buoy, as herein described.
Eighth, the metallic casing to protect the electro-marine line when it

page_text: arrives on the sea shore, jointed together with the vertical and horizontal
flanges.
Ninth, the metallic casing with male and female hollow spheres, united with
horizontal flanges to protect the electro-marine line and flexible bed on arriving
at the sea shore.
Tenth, the mode herein-before described at Figure 28 on Plan II., of
fastening the outer casing to the shore or rocks.
And such our Invention being, to the best of our knowledge and belief,
entirely new, and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion
of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, or the Colonies, we do hereby
declare this to be our Specification of the same, and that we do verily believe
this our Specification doth comply in all respects fully, and without reserve or
disguise, with the said proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent contained, wherefore we do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right
and privilege to our said Invention.
In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hand and seals, this Twenty-