CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
JAMIESON, of Ashton-under-Lynė, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourth day of October now last
past, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Jamieson, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence
that I, the said William Jamieson, my exors, adñors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Jamieson, my exors, adñors, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein. expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging
me, the said William Jamieson, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and, to cause the same
to be enrolled: in Her said Majesty's High Court, of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the said Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Jamieson, hereby declare the nature of my said Invention consists,--
First, in an improved construction of mechanism for the working of the
heddles for producing patterns or figures in cloth, whereby the usual strain
upon the
yarn by the changing of the shed is partially avoided or reduced in
such patterns.
Secondly, in an apparatus for stopping the loom so as to prevent injury to
the warp threads, the cloth, the framing of the loom, the slay or batten, and
the stop rod, when the shuttle fails to box or stops in the shed.
Thirdly, in a novel method of taking up the cloth after it is woven.
Fourthly, in improved modes of delivering the yarn from the yarn beam.
And, in further compliance with the said proviso, I shall now proceed to
describe the Sheets of Drawings hereto annexed, from which Drawings, and
the following description, it will clearly appear how my said Invention may be
carried into effect.
.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In Sheet 1, Fig. 1 represents an end elevation of parts of a loom, shewing
my improved. motion for working the headles. Fig. 2. is a front elevation of
the same. Fig. 3, a plan view of the same. Fig. 4, a back elevation of the
drum used by me, and part of the apparatus for revolving and steadying
the same.
Sheet 2. Fig. 1 represents an end elevation of parts of a loom, shewing my
improved mode of stopping the loom when the. shuttle fails to box, and my
improved mode of taking up the cloth and letting off the yarn from the yarn
beam. Fig. 2.represents an. end elevation of parts of a loom, shewing my
improved mode of delivering the yarn from the yarn beam, and part of my
taking-up motion. Fig. 3 represents a front elevation, shewing my improved
taking-up motion and delivery motion. Fig. 4 represents a plan view of parts
of a loom, shewing my improved mode of stopping the loom when the shuttle
.fails to box.
.:
My improvements for the working of the headles for looms so as to produce
a great variety of patterns are shown in Sheet 1, Fig. 1, 2, 3, and 4. The
levers d, d, work on a fulcrum at f; the levers e, e, on fulcrums g and h.. The
headles are attached to the levers d, d, and e, e, as seen in Fig. 2, and the
yarn raised or lowered, as required, in the following manner :-At the upper
part of the loom is a revolving cylinder or drum a, the diameter and width of
..which is governed by the pattern wanted or the number of levers that are to
be worked. The drum a is made as light as convenient, and has to be changed

page_text: according to the pattern wanted, and has on its face holes perforated in it
parallel to its axis, so as to allow the pins q, on the levers d, d, to enter the
cylinder as the pattern requires. The drum a works on its axis at c and c', in
the levers 6 and ', and moves a regular portion of a circle every revolution of
the crank shaft or oscillation of the slay or batten. The drum a has likewise
a reciprocating motion. The levers 6 and 6' work on centres at k and k',
attached to the framing of the loom, and are raised and lowered in the fol-
lowing manner-The connecting rod works on a crank n in the wheel m,
and is connected to the levers 6 and 6' by the pin o. The wheel m is shewn
in Fig. 1 as driven from the tappit shaft, but it may be driven from any con-
venient part of the loom. It makes one revolution for every pick. The tappet
shaft is driven from the crank shaft in the usual way. When the crank n is
on the lowest centre the drum a is elevated to its highest point, and the shaft
or pin p has brought all the levers d, d, and headles level, and the pins q on
the levers d, d, are all withdrawn from the drum a. The pins being with-
drawn, the drum a revolves a portion of a revolution, according to the number
of the divisions it is divided into, and thereby brings the next aperture or row
of apertures opposite the pins 7 on the levers d, d, that are intended to enter
the drum a to form the next shed. On the wheel m is a cam or tappet that
raises the lever r, and lifts the lever ¹ by the connecting rod 72. As soon as
the lever ¹ commences lifting, the lower end of the lever presses against the
pin ps, forces the lever p' down, and withdraws from the drum a the conical pin
which holds it from vibrating, and after the conical pin is withdrawn the catch p²
moves the drum a tooth round, and the spring p³ brings the conical pin into the
next aperture, and holds the drum firm. As the crank n revolves round to its
highest centre the drum a is brought to its lowest point, as seen in the blue
circle in Fig. 2. At this point all the levers d, d, that had no apertures in the
drum opposite the pins, to allow them to enter when the drum a was at its
highest point, have been forced down to their lowest position by the solid part
of the drum a; therefore the headles and yarn connected with them are
raised to the highest position required to form the shed desired; and all those
levers d, d, the pins on which have entered the drum a, have, by the springs &
or other clastic equivalents, been brought to the highest point, and thereby
lowered the headles and yarn to the lowest point required to form the
shed. The levers d, d, are shewn in blue in their highest and lowest
positions.
From the above description it will be seen that a great number of headles
are got in a little room, and that the yarn or warp threads are level when the
crank n is on its lowest centre, and that the yara or warp threads required

page_text: to be raised to form the sheil rises from the central or rest position, and the,
yarn or warp threads required to be lowered to form the shed fall from the
central or rest position, therefore the strain on the yarn or warp threads is.
less than in those looms where the whole opening has to be formed by
distending some of the threads and leaving the others at rest.
In Fig. 1, 2, and 4, Sheet 2, I have shown my improved mode of stopping
the loom when the shuttle fails to box. is the crank shaft; a the loose
pulley. a¹ is the fast pulley with a catch box on it. a² is a catch box with
the lever attached to it, the crank shaft working loosely in it. The end of
the forked lever works in the groove of the catch box. The fork lever b
works on a fulcrum at b, and at 64 it has a pin upon it, working in an inclined
slot in the frog c. At the point c¹ the frog c slides loosely in a fixing attached
to the loom side; the spring c forces the frog to the end of the slot in the
fixing farthest from the breast beam, and when the frog is in that position,
the inclined slot in the frog keeps the catch box out of gear. When the
shuttle fails to box, the stop rod finger d comes in contact with the frog in the
usual manner, and causes the frog to slide towards the breast beam, but not
to the end of the slot in the fixing, and by that means the forked lever 63
changes its position and puts the loose catch box in gear, thereby the lever b
would revolve but for the resistance offered to it by the spiral spring e, or.
other elastic medium, and the stud e¹. The sliding of the frog c throws the
strap from the fast to the loose pulley in the ordinary manner. By this
means it will be seen the strain is taken from the slay or batten, and the
derangement of the stop rod is avoided. Though I have shewn two stop
fingers on the stop rod, and a fast and loose frog, it is evident that only the
loose frog and one stop finger is wanted.
In Fig. 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 2, I have shown my improved method of taking
up the cloth after it is woven. The taking up roller r, or receiver of the cloth,
is suspended in the grooves and at the sides of the loom by the cloth.
When the taking up roller is empty, I fasten the cloth to the roller r in the
ordinary manner, and after it is fastened I turn the roller in the direction it is
to revolve, and by that means I elevate the roller r to the point required.
The fixing in which the roller pivot works, moves in the groove, and
has also a stud and catch attached to it, and this fixing is raised or lowered
as the roller is raised or lowered. The catch falls into a tooth of the
ratchet wheel 15, which is fastened to the roller r, and thereby prevents the
cloth from being uncoiled from the take-up roller. As the cloth is being
woven the roller r descends down the grooves until it has descended suffi-
ciently low to enable the bowl, which vibrates with the lay, to come in

page_text: contact with the incline at the end of the lever r, and thus to give sufficient
motion to the pall or catch r to take up a tooth in the ratchet wheel
By this means the taking-up roller is elevated, and as the cloth proceeds to be
made it descends again, and is raised again in the above-named manner; and
it is evident that the increasing diameter of the cloth beam as the cloth is wound
on is in no ways detrimental to the evenness of the cloth, as in the old method,
where the cloth beam increases its diameter. The levers 7 and 79 are for
regulating the tightness of the cloth and yarn as it is weaving, and can be
regulated according to the description of cloth to be woven. The levers
2 and 1 move on fulcrums s and s, and the points t and press the roller
down, and the weight can be varied at pleasure. The spring keeps tho
taking-up catch in gear. The pin in the fixing u brings the lever as
the lay recedes to its rest position. The action may be given to the take-up
lever in various ways. I may here remark, that an ordinary machine maker"
or-mechanic will see the above principle, as applied to the taking up of the
cloth, is likewise applicable to letting off the. yarn from off the yarn beam,
with a slight modification. Instead of the yarn beam descending, it would
have to rise to the desired point before the motion could be given to the
ratchet wheel; and I should recommend a worm wheel to be fastened or
keyed on the yarn beam, and a worm to work in it, and the ratchet wheel to
give motion to the worm, all to slide in grooves inside the framing of the
loom, the same as the taking-up motion, and a little friction to be applied to
the worm, so as not to move too freely on its axis.
I will now describe my other letting-off motion for delivering the
yarn from the yarn beam, as required. In Fig. 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 2,
Z represents the slay swords oscillating on a shaft in the usual manner,
Z the crank arms or connecting arms. The end of the crank arms that
connect the slay sword, instead of having a round hole in them to fit
the pin, as usual, is made with a little oblong hole, as shown in Fig. 1 and 2.
The levers Z oscillate with the slay swords, and move on a fulcrum
at x. The fulcrum of these levers, can be changed according to the
quality of the cloth wanted, as seen in Fig. 1 and 2, and they extend down
below the centre to the shaft on which the slay vibrates. The ends of the
crank arms press against the levers Z2 and move the slay towards the breast
beam. The weighted levers w work on fulcrums w¹, and the short end of the
levers w press against the levers Z near the centre of the shaft on which the
slay vibrates. The long end of the lever wis weighted, according to the
resistance wanted. for the quality of the cloth to be woven; the levers Z³ are
kept in contact with the crank arms until the reed is striking the weft into

page_text: the cloth, then the levers Z advance in the direction of the arrow, and if
there is sufficient resistance at the reed the catch y will be lifted into the
next tooth of the ratchet wheel y³ through the levers Z2, lifting the levers w
and the connecting rod y' and lever y", and then as the slay is receding back
from the breast beam the bowl v depresses one end of each of the levers v¹
and y, and thus causes the ratchet wheel y³ keyed on the shaft to revolve.;
a tooth gives motion to the yarn beam and delivers the quantity of yarn
desired. The weight 3 and the strap round the pulley prevent the shaft from
revolving too freely.
Having now fully described the nature and particulars of my Invention,
and having shown the mode of carrying them into practice, I wish it to be
understood that I do not claim any of the ordinary and well-known parts
of looms, but I do hereby declare that I claim as of my Invention the follow-
ing improvements in looms:-
First, I claim the constructing a loom so that elevating and depressing of
a revolving cylinder or drum attached to a loom and perforated on its face
parallel to its axis will raise and allow to be lowered the headles, in the manner
required to form the pattern.
Secondly, I claim the constructing a loom so that the throwing a loose
catch box on the crank shaft of a loom into gear with the driving or other
fast disc or pulley by the stop rod when the shuttle fails to box, will stop
the loom.
"
Thirdly, I claim constructing the taking-up roller or the receiver of the
cloth, so that it is supported only by the cloth, and works in a groove
without any fixed bearing, and is of a sufficient weight or sufficiently weighted
to keep the cloth and yarn at the required tension whilst the cloth is being
woven, and so that it shall take up only when the roller arrives at a certain
position, and so that when it does take up, its position is changed, and it
does not again take up until it arrives at the taking-up position.
Fourthly, I claim the constructing the yarn beam so that it is supported
only by the yarn, and works in a groove without any fixed bearing, and is of
a sufficient weight or sufficiently weighted to keep the yarn at the required
tension, and so that it shall deliver the yarn only when the yarn beam
arrives at a certain position, and so that when it does deliver its position is
changed, and it does not again let off yarn until it arrives again at the letting-
off position. And,
:
Lastly, I claim the crank arms giving motion to a lever or series of levers,
and thereby letting off the yarn from the yarn beam whenever there is too
great resistance presented to the reed by the weft when being struck home.