IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING PHOSPHORUS FROM IRON IN METALLURGICAL PROCESSES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carl Heinrich Ludwig Wintzer, Hüssen-Director
zu Georgs-Marien-Hüsse bei Osnabrück, Königreich, Hannover, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING PHOSPHORUS FROM IRON
"
1:
Sealed the 23rd February 1866, and dated the 27th September 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by the said Carl Heinrich Ludwig
Wintzer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th September 1865.
I, CARL HEINRICH LUDWIG WINTZER, Hüssen-Director zu Georgs-Marien-
Hüsse bei Osnabrück, Königreich, Hannover, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING PHOSPHORUS FROM IRON
AND OTHER METALS IN METALLURGICAL PROCESSES," to be as follows:
The object of this Invention is an improvement in the separation of
phosphorus from iron and other metals in metallurgical processes. It is well
known that phosphorus is a substance which prevents the production of pure
qualities of iron and other metals, and all attempts to remove the same have
hitberto failed. I have found that chlorine gas and chloride of calcium are
adapted to obtain the desired result.. Chlorine gas as a simple element does
not decomposé, and chloride of calcium is the only combination thereof which,

page_text: at the different degrees of temperature which occur in practical metallurgy,
neither volatilizes nor decomposes unless another agent be introduced. Other
known combinations of chlorine, as chloride of magnesium, decompose even at
the boiling point of water; chloride of sodium becomes volatile at a com-
paratively low temperature.
I, therefore, according to my Invention, employ chlorine gas and chloride of
calcium for the removal of phosphorus, in processes of melting ores and in the
treatment of metallurgic products. I make use of this gas and the salt in
blast furnaces, as well as in the process of puddling, refining, and recasting,
and in any kind of furnace, and in all processes of melting, applying the gas
direct, or adding the prepared salt, chloride of calcium, in any convenient form;
or employing solutions containing muriatic acid with the simultaneous use of
lime or calcareous substances, by which process chloride of calcium is formed
at the moment of its application. Through the effect of chlorine gas and
chloride of calcium on phosphatic ores and metals, volatile combinations of
phosphorus are formed, and thereby the phosphorus is removed. As a general
rule it is desirable that, the quantity of chlorine employed, whether in the
combined or free state, should be in the proportion of from one to five
equivalents for each equivalent of phosphorus to be removed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Carl Heinrich. Ludwig Wintzer, in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 27th March 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CARL
HEINRICH LUDWIG WINTZER, Hutten-Director zu Georgs-Marien-Hutte bei
Osnabrück, Königreich, Hannover, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and. successors, give and grant unto me,
the said "Carl Heinrich Ludwig Wintzer, Her special licence, that I, the said
Carl Heinrich Ludwig Wintzer, my executors, administrators, and assigns,.
or such others as I, the said Carl Heinrich Ludwig Wintzer, executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,.
from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term, therein.
expressed, should and lawfully- might. make, use, exercise, and vend, within,
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and

page_text: Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING PHOSPHORUS FROM
IRON AND OTHER METALS IN METALLURGICAL PROCESSES," upon the condition-
(amongst others) that I, the said Carl Heinrich Ludwig Wintzer, exe-
cutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,:
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain,
11**
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was, to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office-
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said.
Letters Patent. : ..
:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Carl Heinrich. Ludwig Wintzer,, do:
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the,
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained' in 'and:
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is an improvement in the separation of phos-:
phorus from iron and other metals. in metallurgical processes. It is well:
known that phosphorus is a substance which prevents the production of pure:
qualities of iron and other metals, and all attempts to remove the same:
bave hitherto failed. I have found that. chlorine gas and chloride of cal-
cium are adapted to obtain the desired result. Chlorine gas, as simple
element, does not decompose, and chloride of calcium is the only combination
thereof which, at the different degrees of temperature which occur in practical
metallurgy, neither volatilizes nor decomposes unless another agent be intro-
duced. Other known combinations of chlorine, as chloride of magnesium,
decompose even at the boiling point of water; chloride of sodium becomes
volatile at a comparatively low temperature.
I, therefore, according to my Invention, employ chlorine gas and chloride
of calcium for the removal of phosphorus, in processes of melting ores and in
the treatment of metallurgical products. I make use of this gas and the salt
in blast furnaces as well as in the process of puddling, refining, and re-casting,
and in any kind of furnace and in all processes of melting, applying the gas
direct or adding the prepared salt, chloride of calcium, in any convenient form ;
or employing solutions containing muriatic acid, with the simultaneous use of
lime or calcareous substances, by which process chloride of calcium is formed
at the moment of its application. Through the effect of chlorine gas and
chloride of calcium on phosphatic ores and metals, volatile combinations of
phosphorus are formed and thereby the phosphorus is removed. I prefer to
proceed as follows:-In smelting an ore of iron or other metal containing
phosphorus as an impurity, I charge into the smelting furnace with the ore
chloride of calcium in the proportion of from 5 to 25 parts by weight for each

page_text: part of phosphorus found by analysis to be contained in the ore, and in other
respects I conduct the smelting operation in the ordinary manner. The resulting
metal will be found much more free from phosphorus than if the ore had been
smelted without the addition of chloride of calcium. In place of adding the
chloride of calcium direct, lime and muriatic acid may be mixed separately
with the ore or may be otherwise applied in combination. It is more con-
venient, however, to employ chloride of calcium ready formed. Or in place of
employing chloride of calcium chlorine gas may be used, the gas may be mixed
with air and forced as a blast through the ignited charge in the furnace, or
the gas itself may be blown through the melted metal after it is tapped out
of the furnace. The quantity of chlorine thus applied should be from 3
to 15 times the weight of the phosphorus contained in the ore or metal.
Chloride of calcium or chlorine may be applied in a similar manner when
remelting iron or other metals when it is desired to separate phosphorus
therefrom. Phosphorus can thus be separated from all metals to which a
strong red heat can conveniently be applied, more especially however it is
applicable to the treatment of iron and copper.
In witness whereof, I, the said Carl Heinrich Ludwig Wintzer, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
CARL HEINRICH LUDWIG WINTZER. (L.S.)
Hütten-Director zu Georgs-Marien-Hütte, bei
Osnabrück, Königreich, Hannover.