INVENTION OF A NEW METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND. HANGING THE BOILER, AND OF APPLYING THE POWERS OF THE MACHINE (COMMONLY CALLED A FIRE OR STEAM ENGINE) TO THE WORKING OF MY NEW-CONSTRUCTED SUGAR CANE MILL, AND OF ALL KINDS OF MILLS OR ENGINES WHATSOEVER
Year: 1770

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DUGALD
CLARK, of the Parish of Saint Thomas in the East, in the Island of Jamaica,
Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the Fifth day
of January, in the tenth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said
Dugald Clark, His especial licence that I, the said Dugald Clark, during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and. also
in His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my "INVENTION OF A
NEW METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND. HANGING THE BOILER, AND OF APPLYING THE
POWERS OF THE MACHINE (COMMONLY CALLED A FIRE OR STEAM ENGINE) TO THE
WORKING OF MY NEW-CONSTRUCTED SUGAR CANE MILL, AND OF ALL KINDS OF MILLS
OR ENGINES WHATSOEVER;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a
provisoc obliging me, the said Dugald Clark, under my hand and seal, to cause
a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and how the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within four calendar months after the date of the said recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same (relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said provisoe, I, the said
Dugald Clark, do hereby declare that my said Invention of a New Method
of Constructing and Hanging the Boiler, and of Applying the Powers of the

page_text: Machine (commonly called a Fire or Steam Engine), to the Working of my New-
constructed Sugar Cane Mill, and of all Kinds of Mills or Engines whatsoever,
is described in the plan thereof and references hereunder written, viz' :-
Fig. the 1st is a new-constructed sugar cane mill, to be worked either by
animals, wind, water, fire, or by the waves or surge of the sea. B, Fig. 1, is
the spindle on which the cogg wheel L, that is turned by the nut of the shaft A, is
fixed, whose square part of the gudgeon d is fixed to the frame or nut f, made
either of wood or iron, and goes round the gudgeon g of the main roller C, and rests
on friction wheels that's supported by the beam T³, and has springs that catch
on the wheel W, which, being fixed to the gudgeon g of the main roller C, obliges
it to turn whenever the shaft A. is put into action the working way, and gives
motion to the side rollers D, D, which ought always to be larger than the main
one, but how much that difference in diameter ought to be can't be particularly
determined, but as convenience of situation and nature of the materials they
are made of will admit, so just is that system. I have found great advantages
from the main roller's case being only a quarter of an inch less than those of
the side ones; therefore on the very same principles the diameters of the side
rollers may be extended at pleasure, and the larger the better, though contrary
to the common practice of having the main roller case the largest, or to have
them all of an equal size. The brass blocks that confine the gudgeon of the
side rollers p, p, should never touch anything immediately behind the gudgeon
to hinder its bending occasionally to case the mill and prevent the gudgeon
breaking. & L, is the main roller gudgeon that rests on thc center post F.
E is a cog wheel to be acted on by cither the shaft of the water mill wheel, that
of a fire engine, or by the power of the waves, or surge of the sea; the cog
wheel is fixed to the frame k, being just the same as the frame above mark'df;
the wheel is like W, with teeth and springs, &c. m & 9 at To, arc as the
former, and to which is fixed the sweeps of the cattle mill r, &c. G, the
arms under which goes a collar round the post F, and rests on the friction
wheels n, n. Things being in that position either mill may be put about
independent of the others, that is, any one may be at work without moving the
machinery of the other, tho' the same rollers are common to them all,
because the springs will only catch when the sweeps wheel or vanes are
turn'd the work way. R is a wheel that is fixed between the crown beams T,
to be moved by a shaft and larger wheel on the outside, to turn the mill in or
out of the wind; and the two catches f,f, will keep the mill at any place that
is required. There is on the same axis a nut that catches into coggs that are
fixed in a collar round the tower of the windmill; the round house should
move on iron or brass cylinders to ease the friction.

page_text: Fig. 2, G represents the boiler of a fire engine made of iron or copper,
whose bottom is the frustrum of a cone, and the flame is carried through the
water in the boiler by tubes of the like metal. F, F, are two cylinders, which
with all the other parts are on the same principles with those of the common fire
engines, only that in this case two small ones are used instead of one large one.
The chain C being put over and fastened to the wheel H, the shaft B will be alter-
nately moved backwards and forwards as the pistons go up or down in either.
In the shaft A is fixed the gudgeon g, on which the nuts or cylinders 6 && turns ;
between those two nuts on the gudgeon g is fixed a hoop like W, in Fig. 1;
each of the nuts b & d have springs like those at f, in Fig. 1, the chain k
being carried over the nut of the shaft B, likewise under the nut 6 of the
shaft A, and its ends join'd is fastened to both of the nuts by a pin or hook;
the chain e is put over the nut of B, and is crossed between B and d of the
shaft A, then carried round it and the ends join'd is likewise pin'd or fastened
to B and d, which being done, lets the shaft B move alternately backwards
and forwards as the pistons go up or down. The shaft A will keep con-
tinually going one and the same way, and by its cog'd or trundled nut n,
will move the main roller of the sugar cane mill C, that gives motion to the
side ones by means of the cog wheel E, on whose teeth those of n catches.
A water wheel may be put on the shaft A, and act at the same time with
the fire engine, or water may be raised by putting a chain of buckets over the
shaft, and in like manner all other mills or machines may be work'd by the
fire engine. Fig. 3 is another way of working the shaft A, in Fig. 2, by a
frame hung at the end of the lever of a common fire engine with one cylinder.
There is no other difference in the mechanism of this method and the former,
only that instead of carrying the chains round another shaft they are taken
round each nut, fastened in the middle, then both crossed and their ends
fastened to the side frame, one being turn'd up while the other is down; the
weight W is to bring down the lever and turn the mill at the same time.
Fig. 4, A is the shaft A in Fig. 2nd, whose nut is supposed fixed to the
shaft, and the dented hoop A pinn'd to it; the frame, as in Fig. 3, has springs
fixed to it that catches in the notches and turns the shaft always the same
way, whether the frame goes up or down, Fig. 5th, A is the shaft A in
Fig. 2nd, whose nut is fixed to the shaft, and has pins that the links of the
rag chain C falls into to prevent the chains moving without turning the
shaft; B is a wheel the same diameter of the nut A, and is fixed perpen-
dicularly over it; the chain C being put over it, and the ends join'd, the frame,
as in the two former Figures, with the springs thereto fixed, will keep the chain,
and of course the shaft, continually turning one way, whether the frame moves

page_text: up or down. N.B.-All the foregoing methods of communicating the power of
the fire engine may be indifferently applied, either by the means of one or two
cylinders, and to various purposes. Fig. 6, the shaft A is the same in every
respect as A in Fig. 2, with the addition of a wheel m for the chain of
buckets as before mention'd. B is like the nut of B, Fig. 2nd, only turn'd
smaller in the middle, and the chain that goes from the periphery of the large
wave or surge wheel is taken often round that small part to give it the
greater velocity; the chains / and are fixed, and are in all other respects
like those in Fig. 2. The large wheel may be made of any diameter that is
found most convenient, and fixed in a channel on the sea shore, made as
those are for. breastwork water wheels, and pointing towards the sea; near a
quarter of the wheel should be boarded water-tight, all the other parts to.
remain open, without buckets or float boards, as in Fig. 7, weights being put
at Z and Y to keep the line Z, S, perpendicular, which is exposed to the
waves, they striking against it will move Z towards R; the chain being fixed
to its rim and round B, in Fig. 6, will of course turn it, which will give
motion to A, by which means it may either work the sugar cane mill as in
Fig. 2, or raise water by the chain of buckets on the wheel m; for that
purpose S in Fig. 6 is the same as Fig. 7. Fig. 8 is a wheel, with a chain
going from it and fixed to B, as in Fig. 6, and is moved by a buoy fixed
in the sea, which, as it is raised by the waves, pulls the wheel round and
raises the weight W; when the waves leave the buoy, the weight W, turning the
wheel the contrary way, winds up the rope and moves the axil B, which gives
motion to the other parts of the machinery, as in the other Figures, the anchors
and small buoys to keep up the ropes or chain. V is a dented wheel that catches
in the notches of the spindle of the weight W, to raise and lower it occasionally;
X is a spring which catches on the other side of the spindle, and prevents its
going down. Fig. 9 is a gudgeon for the neck of the windmill shaft A, and
to work or turn on the friction wheel C, in Fig. 1, instead of having a shaft
to go the whole length, as common. Fig. 10, the shaft A is in every respect
like A in Fig. 2, with the addition of a wheel fixed to each of the nuts, over which
is passed the chains R&S, having at the one end of each a weight, as W & W;
to the other ends are fastened the pistons p & y, in the cylinders B & C;"
the chains, being fixed to the wheels, will carry the shaft round as either of the
pistons goes down, and the weights W & W will turn the wheels back as the
pistons rise, one going up while the other descends; the-shaft A will be kept
always turning the same way. .
"
, Fig. 11 represents the springs when shut to keep the rope fast that either
furls or spreads the sails of the windmill, and A the rope that either furls or

page_text: extends the sails of the windmill, and is carried along the piece of wood or
strong rope K, Fig. 1, that is fixed. by the universal axis a to the end of the
shaft and turns with it to the ground, there being two such ropes, &c. to each
portion of the sail that is either to be extended or furl'd, and the length so
adjusted that the chains may be at the springs when the sails are spread out or
taken in, and in which position they will be kept by them; when the sails are
to be altered, pull on the cord B, Fig. 12, which opens the springs and lets
the links of the chain through.
Fig..12 shews the springs when opened by the cord B to let that part of the
swivel chain C, Fig. 11, pass, either to furl or extend the sails, which, when
through, the cord being let go, the force of the two small springs f,f, closes
the ends of the large ones ready to, catch the chain again, but never go so
close as to gall the rope, which is smaller than the links of the chain; there
are two pullys fixed on the same axis, a, Fig. 1, on which the cords run.
Fig: 13 C, from 1 to 10 are coppers for boiling cane juice or any other
liquor, B, from 1 to 6 are boilers, by which steam is raised to supply the
cylinder or cylinders of the fire engine. Fig. 2, F 1 to 4 are the holes or
mouths where the fuel is put in to boil the coppers; L 1 to 7 are the paths of
the flame; A 1 to 9 are the orifices of the chimneys; m 1 to 3 are the spaces
for putting fuel under the boilers occasionally; W, W, are pipes by which all
the other boilers are fed with water from B 1; S, S, are pipes that convey the
steam from the other boilers to B: 1, from which the cylinder or cylinders are
charged; just before each boiler in the path or course of the flame are fixed in
frames, or in brick or stone work, iron plates, to be shut down occasionally,
to turn the fire from the boilers; bricks or fire stone, put together and
clamp'd with iron, will answer very well for that purpose; the like
frames or plates fixed at L 1, 2, 5, 7, will convey from or direct the flames
to the boilers, as they are opened or shut close. The same rules and method
of situating the coppers and boilers will hold good, let the number be increased
in any proportion whatever. The dotted lines round the boilers describe how
part of the flame may be carried round them; the line R 1 to 5 is the receiver
for the liquor; boilers of the common construction may be hung in the same
manner. N.B.-If the springs are fixed to the gudgeon of the shaft A, Fig. 2,
a dented hoop should be fixed to each of the nuts for them to catch in, and so
with all the rest, see Fig. 14. Fig. 15 represents the method of fixing springs
or weights to prevent the pistons going lower than they ought in the cylinder;
m, n, posts; f, springs of wood or iron; H, F, F, c, p', p², are the same, and
fixed as in Fig. 2; e, a chain fixed to H; & ff, the springs, may be fixed
horizontally, or as they are, and answers to any of the afore-mentioned methods

page_text: of applying the power; fliers may be also added to regulate the motion of the
machines. Instead of the center post F, in Fig. 1, may be substituted a
movable spindle, as B, to which the arms and sweeps of the cattle mill may
be fixed, the main roller resting thereon; the machinery for communicating
the power to be the same as f, W.