matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1876. A communication
•
from abroad by Abner Burbank, of Rochester, New York, United States of
America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS." A communication.
This Invention comprises the combination with a lamp of a side tube extending
from the main tube up around the outside of the lamp for conveying an impelled
current of air to the blaze to support the combustion, also the combination with the
side tube of a nozzle acting as an injector to draw in the outside air and force it
with the impelled current to the blaze.
An ordinary lamp is employed having a burner with a closed chamber beneath
the blaze. A main pipe extends from a gasometer or other air forcing apparatus to
the lamp. These pipes may be laid through the building like ordinary gas pipes if
desired. From the main induction pipe under the lamp a side pipe extends up
around the lamp and opens into the closed chamber beneath the burner. This side
pipe may be made either flexible or stiff and in a variety of ways. It is so arranged
as to be separable or to disconnect from the lamp, so that the latter may be taken
from its basket or support for filling and the like. If made flexible it may have a
nozzle that enters the chamber below the burner, or an extension from that
chamber; if made stiff it may have an intermediate disconnecting joint. To the
end of the side pipe next the burner is attached a nozzle capable of being inserted
in a hole in the chamber below the burner, or a short tube extending therefrom.
In this nozzle is a sinall nipple having a minute opening or passage through the
sides of the nozzle; in front of the nipple are side openings. The current of impelled
air from the nipple draws the outside air in through the side holes and forces it to
the blaze, thereby supplying the requisite amount of air to the flame without
expending too much of the impelling current. The nozzle may be made of various
forms, and the nipple may have more than one of the injecting holes or passages if
desired.
The apparatus might be made effective if the end of the nozzle were not inserted
in the chamber below the burner, but remained a little distance therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Firth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1876.
BENJAMIN FIRTH, of 605, Hyde Road, Gorton, Manchester, Scene Painter.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES."
This Invention consists in making a machine as nearly as possible, corresponding
to hand washing and is effected in the following manner:-I construct two rollers
preferably of zinc or galvanized iron placed horizontally one above the other, both
being corrugated, the upper one being about one half the diameter of the lower, the
teeth or corrugations being made to correspond; around the upper roller is placed an
india-rubber band or a band made of any other suitable elastic material, the lower
roller is not covered.
At each end of the rollers or drums are fixed bevelled guides which work with the
rollers for the purpose of preventing the clothes being drawn to the sides as is the
case with many of the machines at present in use, the effect of these bevelled
guides being that the clothes are kept in position without the aid of the hand.
The clothes are fed or placed between the rollers which are actuated by means of
the crank and handle in the ordinary manner. The upper roller is kept in position
by means of a straight bar of steel acting as a spring, this bar bears on the axle of
the roller and gives way to the fabric as it passes through whatever may be the
thickness of the material being operated on this spring working in a slot cut or fixed
on the frame of the machine.
The great advantage of this Invention is that the clothes never get entangled cr
drawn at the sides, but pass freely between the rollers, and in passing through they
are squeezed and rubbed, the india-rubber or other elastic material giving way to
the action of the wheels without any wear or tear of the clothes.
The before-mentioned rollers are fixed in a trough and supported by framework
in the usual manner, the rollers being about 2 inches above the water, the clothes
dip at each revolution of the lower roller and as they are drawn up the dirty water
is squeezed out in its passage through the rollers, they are then dipped again and
repeated as often as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th February 1876.
JAMES WILSON, of Ossett, in the County of York.
BOILERS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam boilers, whereby the
tubes can be adjusted with greater case than heretofore. In carrying out my said
Invention I prefer to adopt substantially the following arrangements:
The boiler, which may be of the Cornish or other kind, has three circular fire-boxes
fitted with fire-bars in the usual way, terminating by the bridge, the flues conveying
the products from the furnaces however should be oval, as by the flues being of that
form the cross tubes for giving more heating surface are fitted with greater ease
than heretofore and almost any number of tubes can be fitted.
I also fit to the under side of the said flues one tube or a number of tubes open
underneath the boiler, whereby I am enabled to clean out the flues from soot and so
forth with much greater facility than at present. Such soot tubes are by preference
bell mouthed at the bottom and to the top a door is fitted which is opened when
the flues require cleaning, and these soot tubes will act as a stay support and be a
means of preventing the ends of the fire-boxes from necking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS OR COMBINATIONS OF ANTIFRICTION ROLLERS, CYLINDERS, WHEELS, OR SPHERES, FOR THE DIMINUTION OF FRICTION IN BEARINGS FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES, SUCH AS FOR SKATES, CASTORS FOR FURNITURE, AND JOURNALS AND GUDGEONS FOR MACHINERY AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: <
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Moore at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1876.
HENRY MOORE, of No. 26, Rye Lane, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Dentist.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS OR COMBINATIONS OF ANTIFRICTION ROLLERS,
CYLINDERS, WHEELS, OR SPHERES, FOR THE DIMINUTION OF FRICTION IN BEARINGS
FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES, SUCH AS FOR SKATES, CASTORS FOR FURNITURE,
AND JOURNALS AND GUDGEONS FOR MACHINERY AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object, as set forth in the title, the diminution of
friction in bearings by means of the use of antifriction rollers, cylinders, wheels, or
spheres, either by arrangements or combinations of two or more rollers, or two or
more cylinders or wheels or spheres, or roller and cylinder, roller and sphere, or
wheel and roller, or as may be found most convenient for the particular application
of this Invention; in all cases the two or more rolling parts acting in concert,
thereby reducing the friction to an infinitesimal amount.
This Invention consists in combining or arranging the rolling or moving parts in
such manner that one or more of them is supported in any required position by
means of pins, axes, or bearings, so as to be free to revolve, and that another or
others in addition to that or those first alluded to, are supported in a chamber or
chambers, receptacle or receptacles, so that an easy motion in any direction may be
obtained without any appreciable degree of friction.
In order to make this Invention more clearly understood I hereby describe a
simple application of this Invention which will answer for skates, castors for .
furniture, bearings for machinery, and for other similar purposes, it being always
borne in mind that the chambers or receptacles and the moving parts with or
without axes may be multiplied to suit particular applications of this my Invention.
I cast or otherwise form a receptacle or chamber, which at its top part contains a
sphere mounted upon an axis and free to revolve thereon, and at its lower part so
formed as to enclose another sphere, which is free to revolve upon motion being
imparted to it in any direction. It will be obvious that this arrangement will
reduce friction to a minimum, and that its adaptations may be multiplied as

page_text: occasion may require; the application of this arrangement to a so called roller skate
will be found most advantageous, as it will give the wearer an easy inotion in any
direction not attainable hitherto by any other plan; I do not confine myself to the
material of which the moving or other parts of my Invention may be made, but
purpose using metal, wood, ebonite, glass, porcelain, or any other suitable substance,
according to the particular purpose of which it is to be applied.
AN IMPROVED ELECTRIC BRAKE FOR SUBDUING AND ARRESTING VICIOUS OR RUN- AWAY HORSES INSTANTANEOUSLY."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frédéric Faucher at the Office of the
Cominissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1876.
<<
FRÉDÉRIC FAUCHER, of the City of Paris, in the Republic of France, Gentleman.
AN IMPROVED ELECTRIC BRAKE FOR SUBDUING AND ARRESTING VICIOUS OR RUN-
AWAY HORSES INSTANTANEOUSLY."
This Invention is intended to instantaneously arrest runaway or vicious horses
by aid of a magneto-electric machine, such, for instance, as "Clarke's," for which I
have a preference, and is effected in the following manner:-This machine which is
merely slightly modified in construction and dimensions to adapt it to my purpose
is placed under the coach box. The axis of the main wheel of this machine is
prolonged externally on each side, so as to fix handles thereto; one end of this axis
or rod passes under the seat of the driver to be employed by him, and the other
end enters the carriage just in rear of the driver for the use of the occupant
of the carriage. Two conducting wires in connection with each of the poles of the
machine pass beneath the coach box and reach outside the splash board, where
they pass through the eyes of two needles placed in two staples fixed in front of
the splash board. One of the wires passes along the left side of the horse and
reaches to the bit, the other wire passes on the right side, and following the
posterior harness reaches to the crupper, along which it passes, and where it
fixes under the tail of the horse to a ring of copper enclosing the centre of the
crupper dock.
These two wires which compass the length of the harness are
there held by leathern attachments, and are not stretched, but are loose, to allow
of free motion to the horse, and are, moreover, always visible to the driver, but
do not spoil the appearance of the harness. On starting, one of the buttons of
the machine are drawn so as to prepare it for action, and when required to bring
it into operation the driver or the occupant of the carriage moves one or other
of the handles. The electric fluid thus operates at the head and rear of the horse,
enclosing the latter in the electric current. In turning one of these handles more
or less a proportionate tension is exerted, and the horse is proportionately acted
upon by either coming to a stand still, is thrown on its knees, or is overturned and
So overcome.
Although I give the preference to Clarke's magneto-electric machine. I do not

page_text: restrict myself to its sole use as I can also employ machines with or without an
electric pile for producing an electric fluid capable of graduation at will for
mastering vicious or runaway horses.
This novel species of so called brake can be applied to a pair or more horses, or
to saddled horses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO PENHOLDERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Marle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1876.
ROBERT MARLE, of Balsall Heath, King's Norton, in the County of Worcester,
Schoolmaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO PENHOLDERS."
My Invention has for its object to secure the proper position of the pen in the
hand of the writer, and thereby to facilitate the acquisition of the art of writing
by learners as well as to correct faulty habits of holding the pen into which writers
may have fallen. My Invention has other minor advantages as herein-after
described.
My said Invention consists of a light metallic rod or wire, two or three inches
long, partly passed through and held in a hole in the wooden handle or stick of the
holder, and an india-rubber or other elastic or flexible ring of about an inch in
diameter also attached to the stick of the holder. The wire or rod described crosses
the stick of the holder at right angles at a distance of about two inches from the
point of the pen, and the ring described is attached to the stick of the holder at a
distance of between three and four inches from the point of the pen. The barrel of
the penholder is so fixed on the stick that when the pen is presented to the paper or
surface to be written on the said rod is parallel or nearly parallel to the paper or
surface.
A
The ring described may be secured to the stick in any convenient manner.
ready method of fixing it is to make a transverse notch on the under side of the
stick into which part of the ring, after the said ring has been passed along, the
stick is dropped. The ring may be fixed in its place by means of a tube sliding on
the stick and having a projection or finger; by sliding the said tube so as to
bring the said projection or finger over the said notch the ring is prevented from
leaving it.
In using my Invention the first or fore finger of the right hand is passed into the
ring nearly as far as the middle joint; the penholder is thereby secured to the fore-
finger; the cross wire or rod passes under the first and second fingers and over the
third; the thumb rests in the angle formed between the cross wire and the stick ;
the penholder is thus secured to the hand and adjusted to the proper position with-
out effort on the part of the writer, the thumb being relieved of much of the
exertion necessary in writing when ordinary penholders are used. Further, as no
LD071

page_text: exertion is required for the grasping of the penholder and retaining it in its proper
position the fingers have the greater freedom and may be directed exclusively to the
proper execution of the writing. The fixed position of the pen securing the contact
of both nibs with the paper or surface written upon, the scratching and spluttering
of the pen are wholly or in great part prevented.
In order to prevent the barrel of the holder being turned on the stick into a wrong
position with respect to the cross wire the upper end of the barrel may have short
slots on opposite sides in which the wire engages, and thereby fixes it in the required
position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Samuel Weston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1876.
BENJAMIN SAMUEL WESTON, of 32, Park Road, Dalston, in the County of
Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
"
This Invention consists in certain improved arrangements in the under or
working parts of roller skates, and also in the manner of applying an adjustable
spring for controlling the lateral lifting of the skate board in performing curves,
and further to diminish the vibration caused by uneven floors. Upon a diagonal
bolt or pin at each end of the footboard I place a cross head carrying the axle, and
turning freely upon the bolt, which has a collar or stop fixed upon its lower end to
keep in place the cross head. This has at its upper end a shaped cut working into
a corresponding piece fixed upon the skate board, and the annular spring (which
may be of rubber or other suitable material) is so placed between the upper part of
this piece and a screw nut working upon the end of the diagonal bolt, that the
lateral tilting of the footboard and consequent twisting of the cross head and axle
opens the V shaped parts and compresses the spring under the adjustable nut. Upon
the removal of the lateral tilting pressure the spring causes the V shaped parts to
close and the cross head and axle to assume its central position. To prevent the nut
turning the diagonal bolt is left square at the part passing through the fixed
V shaped piece.
To diminish the vibration caused by uneven floors I attach the working parts to
the skate board by means of an hinge at one end, and fixed at the other with a
spring of rubber or other suitable material between them and the skate board held
by an adjustable screw passing through them.
IN PISTONS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hutton at the Oflice of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1870.
JOHN HUTTON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer.
IN PISTONS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention relates to pistons for steam engines, blowing engines, steam hammers,
pumps, and other similar machinery, and has for its object simplicity of construction.
in manufacture, reduced friction, and less liability to choke up with grease
economy
or sediment.
In carrying out my Invention I provide a spring, by preference of best cast steel,
and curved to a circular or hoop shape, upon which spring I fit blocks or bearings
of gun metal or other suitable material, such blocks or bearings being provided
with a hole or groove corresponding to the section of the steel of which the spring
is composed. The portion of the block outside the spring is formed with a double
bevelled face, which is caused to press against the inner surface of the packing
rings. The number of blocks to be employed will be regulated by the diameter
of the piston and the degree of pressure required. Both ends of the spring are
inserted in the groove of one of the blocks whereby the spring is retained in a
circular or nearly circular form.
In combination with the above-described spring and blocks I use by preference
two outer packing rings, each ring having its inner face bevelled to correspond to
one of the bevelled faces of the blocks.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF FOLDING AND ADJUSTABLE CHAIRS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest Smith, of Balham, in the County of Surry, for the
Invention of "THE IMPROVEMENT OF FOLDING AND ADJUSTABLE CHAIRS."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Ernest Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1876.
ERNEST SMITH, of Balham, in the County of Surry. "THE IMPROVEMENT OF
FOLDING AND ADJUSTABLE CHAIRS."
I connect that part of the chair frame which forms the back so that it moves
freely upon hinges or piots at or near the lower part thereof, or that part of the
frame which forms the seat of the chair, so that it moves freely upon hinges or
pivots placed about midway between the two ends of the seat; at a short distance
from such points of connection I place a spring made of any elastic substance, such
as rubber, steel, or other suitable material, in a manner so that the seat or back will
act as a lever, producing a pressure upon the spring, and thereby allowing the chair
to adjust itself to the different movements of the body in an easy and agreeable
manner.
Figures 1, 2, 3, in the Drawing are side elevations of chairs, showing the manner
in which my Invention is applied to the same; a, a, a, a, are pivots upon which the
seats and backs of the chairs turn; b, b, b, b, b, represent the springs upon which the
said seats and backs act.
I do not confine myself to the shape or configuration of the chairs shown in the
Drawing, as my Invention, as herein described, can easily be applied to chairs of
various shapes and designs.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 20th day of
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO PORTABLE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Leveaux at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1876.
man.
EDWARD HENRY LEVEAUX, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Gentle-
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO PORTABLE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES."
The object of this Invention is so to construct portable and other steam engines
that the noise caused by the exhaust steam which blows off into the smoke stack
will be prevented from alarming horses or other animals when the engine is brought
into or near roads, streets, or thoroughfares, and also to prevent the destructive
effects of sparks escaping from the chimnies of such engines.
To this end I make the chimney as short as possible and I enclose it within a
casing or dome made of sheet iron, tin, glass, or other suitable material which will
prevent the steam from escaping direct into the air, and will also confine the noise
produced by the rush of the exhaust steam. This casing is continued down to the
lower part of the engine so that the steam when condensed will run off in the form
of water. By this means no steam will be emitted in the thoroughfare and no
noise will be heard, or at any rate no noise sufficient to frighten horses or other
animals. Engines fitted in this manner can therefore be safely used for a variety
of purposes, and even in thronged thoroughfares.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES TO BE USED IN ATHLETIC SPORTS OR GAMES
Year: 1876

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1876.
JOHN CLAYTON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Commercial Traveller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES TO BE USED IN ATHLETIC SPORTS OR
GAMES."
This Invention has for its object to provide simple and portable means whereby
steeple chases over hedges and ditches or like obstructions may be run by riders or
bicycles, or performers on roller skates.
For the above purpose I provide a framework having a wood or metal roadway,
one end of which rests on the ground and the other end is raised and adjusted as
to height by means of screws, wedges, props, or like appliances, so as to form an
inclined plane up which the bicycle riders or performers on roller skates can rise.
Two or more of the said apparatus or appliances can be combined together end to
end, one resting on the other, and on the ground when it is desired to obtain an
ascent of greater length and height than usual. In practise I place one of the said
apparatus or appliances on each side of the hedge, ditch, or other obstruction to be
connecting
crossed, and connect them together at the top directly or by means of a
piece or pieces, so as to form a continuous roadway by which the performers can
overcome the said obstructions, and have the appearance to spectators of leaping
or jumping over the said hedges, ditches, or obstructions as in ordinary steeple
chasing.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WHITE LEAD
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Palmer at the Office of the
Commisioners of Patents on the 6th January 1876.
ROBERT PALMER, of No. 35, Ovington Square, Brompton, in the County of
Middlesex, Chemist. "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WHITE LEAD."
My improved means of producing white lead consists essentially in the treatment
of acetate or any other soluble salt of lead with carbonate of soda in crystals.
I propose to take one equivalent of acetate of lead, and to grind it up with an
equivalent of crystallized carbonate of soda. When this combination has attained a
certain consistency, say that of cream, I propose to allow it to stand until complete
decomposition takes place, then adding water to wash out the corresponding salt of
soda (which may be crystallized or utilized in the most advantageous manner), and
finally drying the white lead in the usual way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM VESSELS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frederick Spencer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th December 1876.
JOHN FREDERICK SPENCER, of No. 28, Great George Street, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM VESSELS."
My Invention relates to the construction of paddle steamers in such a manner as
to obtain stability and steadiness, and to lighten their draught of water. For this
purpose I add to a paddle vessel, which may be of ordinary construction, two sup-
plementary hulls or longitudinal chambers, one placed outside each of the paddle
wheels, and securely attached to the central hull. I prefer to make these supple-
mentary hulls of somewhat lighter draught than the central hull, and for the
purpose of ensuring greater safety in case of damage to divide them into water-
tight compartments, which may be connected with pumps in the central hull worked
either by hand or by the propelling or other machinery. Vessels constructed in
this manner will be steadied by the supplementary hulls in a seaway, and, owing to
the additional buoyancy supplied by these hulls, they will be capable of carrying a
heavier load with a given draught of water, or of drawing less water with a given
load than vessels of ordinary construction. Moreover the increased stability resulting
from the widening of the base will give increased facilities for carrying deck loads
or for employing propelling machinery the centre of gravity of which may be higher
than would be admissable in vessels of ordinary construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS WHICH RENDERS THE SAID INSTRUMENTS SELF-RECORDING AND DISPENSES WITH THE USE OR EMPLOY- MENT OF A PROTRACTOR IN PLOTTING THE SURVEYS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cochrane at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1876.
WILLIAM COCHRANE, of Brandon Colliery, in the County of Durham, Colliery
Surveyor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS WHICH RENDERS THE
SAID INSTRUMENTS SELF-RECORDING AND DISPENSES WITH THE USE OR EMPLOY-
MENT OF A PROTRACTOR IN PLOTTING THE SURVEYS."
Hitherto in surveying by angular measurements the surveyor has to read the
azimuth of an object from the vernier plate and horizontal circle of his instrument,
or from the dial plate of his circumferenter. This being done he enters the reading
in his field book to be afterward plotted therefrom on paper by aid of an instrument
called a protractor. These various operations, especially when hurriedly done,
often give rise to mistakes that are not discovered till too late to be rectified.
To obviate these defects and to economise time and labour is the object of my
Invention, which may be thus described taking a circumferenter for illustration.
An annular table surrounds and is independent of the dial case of the instrument.
To the outer edge of this table is affixed the usual back and fore sight. The dia!
case is provided with a folding or hinged arm having at its extremity, which
extends towards the outer edge of the said table, an adjustable double pointed
pricker or marker.
The said marker by aid of the folding arm is capable of
describing a vertical are over the dial face, and if the marker be pressed downwards
before the commencement and at the termination of its journey two impressions
would be left on the annular table which should be covered with a ring of paper
or other suitable material properly secured to receive then. The paper can after-
wards be removed and the angles thereon marked transferred to the drawing
without the aid of a protractor.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF PICKERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Kershaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th May 1876.
JESSE KERSHAW, of Over Darwen, in the County of Lancaster.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PICKERS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention consists in so constructing the pickers employed in looms for
weaving that they are more durable and lasting than those at present employed, at
the same time that a thicker skin can be used. I take two pieces of buffalo hide of the
form of a truncated cone, one about four inches deep by about six inches and a half in
width, and the other about three inches deep and four and a half inches in width.
I double the smaller piece in the middle, and fold the larger piece together so that
the edges overlap a little. I then place the smaller piece inside the larger, and
drive in a staple at the points of junction in the widest end of the truncated conc
shaped pieces. I then cut out the olong slot for the picking band through the
pieces, and place the picker in the die to be pressed in the ordinary manner.
then drive in another staple at the top of the leg which binds and holds the picker
firm and compact.
I
In some cases one thick piece of buffalo hide may be used instead of the two thin
pieces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHT
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Applegarth of 7, Southampton Street, Strand
London, in the County of Middlesex, Submarine Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHT" A. communication from abroad by
Paul Jabloclikoff, of 3, Boulevard Voltaire, Paris, France.
Scaled the 9th March 1877, and dated the 11th September 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Applegarth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1876.
ROBERT APPLEGARTH, of 7, Southampton Street, Strand, London, in the County
of Middlesex, Submarine Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHT."
This Invention consists of the entire removal of all the mechanism generally used
inside electric lamps.
Instead of causing the carbon points to approach each other automatically by
means of machinery in proportion as they are consumed, I place them side by side,
as shown in the Drawing hereto attached, but I place an isolating substance between
them which consumes at the same time as the carbon points; for instance, porcelain,
brick, magnesia, or any other isolating substance.
The carbons used by me may be,-
First. The ordinary carbon points used for the purposes of electric light.
'Second. Hollow carbons of different sizes to admit of one being placed inside the
other.
Or, Third Carbons made of compressed coal, which are well suited to the tube'
arrangement before mentioned.
The two carbons thus prepared are fixed in a stand which may be described as a
special candlestick, and a current of electricity by means of a battery or any other
source is passed through them.
To light the lamp I join the tips of the carbons by a small slip of carbon, which
on the electric current passing through produces light.
To prevent one of the carbons consuming more rapidly than the other I use
carbons of different thicknesses to insure equal consumption of both.

page_text: I can either place between the two carbon points, a piece of the isolating
substance or I can place one or both of the carbon points in an isolating tube or
tubes.
If I wish to keep the light in any given spot, for instance, at the centre of a
reflector, I can utilize a portion of the electric current to set in motion clockwork,
or.to stop it, for the purpose of gradually raising or lowering the carbon points; or
I can raise or lower the reflector if necessary.
The Drawing attached hereto represents the carbons as parallel to one another,
but I reserve to myself the right of inclining them to one another.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention; and in what manner the
same is to be carried into effect, I claim,-
:
First. The mode of placing the carbons side by side with an isolating substance
between them for the purpose of producing light by passing an electric current
through them.
Second. The application of this electric light so produced for lighting purposes
generally both on land and at sea, and for submarine purposes
Third. The right of producing a coloured light by mixing colouring matter with
the isolating substance which separates the carbons.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANEMOMETERS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING THE VELOCITY OF CURRENTS OF AIR OR. GAS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Mann Lowne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1876.
ROBERT MANN LOWNE, of East End, Finchley, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ANEMOMETERS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING THE VELOCITY
OF CURRENTS OF AIR OR. GAS."
The Invention has for its object improvements in anemometers or instruments
for measuring the velocity of currents of air or gas. For this purpose I form the
blades of the fan of vulcanite instead of forming them of metal or mica, as has here-
tofore been the case, by which means I am enabled to produce a durable, cheap,
and light fan capable of withstanding the deleterious and corrosive effects of gases
or impure air.
I also arrange the gearing communicating with the counting apparatus, so that
the latter shall be practically sealed off or protected from the entrance of dust,
gases, and impure air thereto. For this purpose instead of mounting a worm or screw
on the axis of the fan of larger diameter than such axis, as heretofore, which neces-
sitates the leaving of an open hole in the case of the counting apparatus, I either
form such worm or screw as small as or smaller than such axis; or, preferably, I
dispense with the worm or screw, and in lieu thereof I fix on the axis of the fan a
toothed wheel or a pinion, which communicates motion to the counting gear, thereby
enabling me to pass the axis of the fan through a hole in the case of the counting
gear closely fitting such axis.
I also in that class of anemometer known as Byram's anemometer, according to
the third part of my Invention, apply thereto a lever mounted on an axis of motion,
one end of which lover acts upon suitable mechanism, as will be well understood,
so as readily to throw the counting apparatus in or out of gear with the wheel or
pinion on the axis of the fan.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Martin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April 1876.
ABRAHAM MARTIN, of No. 20, Newman Street, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in roller skates. The improvements
may be explained as follows:-
The principle is based upon the forward rollers being movable and eccentric,
permitting movements to the right or left, forward or backward, and turning in any
curve at will. These rollers are similar to those used for easy chairs, and work
together either by a toothed wheel working into other toothed wheels or teeth on
the roller frame rod. One roller alone can be employed by experts. The back
wheels are fixed moving on their own axis. A brake is attached to the skate, and
by elevating the foot and depressing the heel comes into play on the back
rollers and arrests the progress of the skater, thus avoiding collisions and accidents.
This brake can be applied to any description of skate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING AND TWISTING ALL KINDS OF CABLE LAID AND OTHER CORDS BY REGULATING THE DRAG OR TENSION IN ALL CASES WHERE INVERTED FLYERS ARE USED
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Welsh at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1870.
JAMES WELSH, of High Town, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manager.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING AND TWISTING ALL KINDS OF CABLE
LAID AND OTHER CORDS BY REGULATING THE DRAG OR TENSION IN ALL CASES
WHERE INVERTED FLYERS ARE USED."
Hitherto it has been found a thing impossible to get an even tension on yarn
coming from three bobbins from three different spindles, this is caused by five different
reasons: The various size and weights; the traversing of the yarn up and down
the bobbin unwrapping; the drag washer by friction becomes sticky, such washers
likewise wear quickly and require soon to be replaced with new ones; any rough-
ness or irregularity in the bobbin heads makes the yarn very jerky in coming off* ;
as the bobbins decrease in diameter the drag increases in the same ratio according
to the decreased leverage.
Instead of using cloth, leather, or any similar substance now used on the inside
bottom of the flyer, on which the bobbin stands for regulating the drag, I sub-
stitute a disc of any suitable hard material. This disc 1 form like a pulley with
groove in the edge of any convenient shape, but I prefer a flat groove with fence
flange each side. On the upper side of this disc is a peg which is made to fit in a
corresponding hole in the bobbin, resting upon it round the groove on the edge I
fit one or two pieces of thin flat steel bringing the ends to two legs of the flyer,
through such two legs I pass a set screw into a small bush made to receive the ends
of the flat steel. This steel embraces the two sides of the disc outside each leg,
through which I pass a set screw, I place a thumb and lock nut to regulate the
pressure of the steel plate against the edge of the disc. It will thus be seen that
entire control of tension is given to one or any number of spindles, and by having
two screws the flyer may be kept perfectly balanced and a cortain and eveu tension
maintained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF COMMUNICATION IN RAILWAY TRAINS BETWEEN THE GUARD OR PASSENGERS AND THE DRIVER, AND IN SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Punshon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1876.
ROBERT PUNSHON, of Heatherleigh, Anerley Park, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF COMMUNICATION IN RAILWAY
TRAINS BETWEEN THE GUARD OR PASSENGERS AND THE DRIVER, AND IN SIGNALLING
ON RAILWAYS."
My Invention consists in the combination of compressed air in a suitable reservoir
fitted with cocks and valves, with a tube in the form of a trumpet fitted with valves
in the smaller end or mouth-piece, and in a conical cylindrical chamber adapted to
receive them.
The reservoir of compressed air and the tube when fitted together are enclosed in
a box with the smaller end open from the carriage where it is fitted to the atmo-
sphere, which open end may be closed by one or two doors or covers by means of a
spring or springs when not in use.
The compressed air is admitted from the reservoir into the tube when required by
drawing a cord by which a cock or valve is opened, such cock or valve being closed.
again in order to shut off the compressed air by means of a powerful spring after
the sound has been produced or emitted.
The above-described means of signalling can also be applied to the line in substi-
tution for the ordinary detonating fog signals at present in use, by means of a chain
or wire acted on by a lever when depressed by the wheels of the engine or carriages
as the train passes along the line.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FEED WATER HEATERS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FEED WATER HEATERS." A communication from abroad by Horatio Nelson
Waters and Edmund North Wilcox, both of West Meriden, in the County of
New Haven, and State of Connecticut, United States of America
Sealed the 22nd August 1876, and dated the 5th April 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1876.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FEED WATER HEATERS."
This Invention consists of a corrugated tube or chamber through which the feed
water passes from the pump into the boiler, which is surrounded by a steam jacket,
into. which the exhaust steam is forced by the back pressure of the nozzle by
means of pipes connecting it with the exhaust pipes of the locomotive, and having
a spoon-shaped projection adapted to catch a portion of the steam and direct it
into the jacket.
The Invention also consists of the method of constructing the corrugated tube
or chamber for the water of concave discs of steel or other suitable sheet metal
rivetted together in pairs at the outer edges, and having a large centre opening
where the two adjacent discs of two pairs are bolted together by long bolts passing
through the tube from end to end and having inside nuts, which clamp the sheets
together.
The Invention also consists of a spiral deflecting core in the axis of the corru-
gated tube or chamber in which the water enters to direct it into the interior
portion of the corrugations to facilitate the heating of it.

page_text: A. M. CLARK. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF Gas for ILLUMINATING AND FOR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bray and Edward Groom at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1876.
HENRY BRAY, of Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex, Gas Engineer,
and EDWARD GROOм, of Guilford Place, Russel Square, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF Gas for ILLUMINATING
AND FOR HEATING PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to the production of gas from fluid and from solid excreta
in conjunction with hydrocarbons or of other gas producing materials, and consists
in subjecting such fluid or solid excreta to the action of heat in conjunction with an
hydrocarbon or other gas producing material, the same being submitted to the action
of heat in a gas retort, and the gases resulting therefrom being, if necessary, purified
in the ordinary manner.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRESERVING MEAT AND FISH
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1876. A communication
from abroad by Alfred Nobel, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRESERVING
MEAT AND FISH."
This Invention consists of an improved process for preserving meat and fish by
the employment of certain chemical substances possessing preserving qualities.
To this end the preservative substance in a state of solution is injected either
into the veins or into the tissues of the living animal, a sufficient time being
allowed before slaughtering, so that the circulation of the blood will distribute
uniformly the active element through every part of the body.
Amongst the preservative substances which serve for this purpose are naturally
those which are not poisonous, such, for instance, as salicylic or saliculic acid and
its salts, boric acid and its salts, the silicate of soda and other analogous salts.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HANDLES OF TEA POTS, COFFEE POTS, WATER JUGS, AND OTHER LIKE UTENSILS EMPLOYED FOR CONTAINING HOT LIQUIDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Middleton and Thomas
Charles Middleton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd
May 1876.
GEORGE HENRY MIDDLETON and THOMAS CHARLES MIDDLETON, trading as
Middleton Brothers, at Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers.
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HANDLES OF TEA POTS, COFFEE POTS, WATER
JUGS, AND OTHER LIKE UTENSILS EMPLOYED FOR CONTAINING HOT LIQUIDS."
The object of this Invention is by the means herein-after described to keep the
handles of those or similar utensils named or referred to in the title cool by use of
the non-conductors next herein-after explained. These consist substantially in two
circular discs, which may be of wood, bone, ivory, or other equivalent substance
which is a non-conductor of heat, and which are placed at either extremity of the
tea pot handle, and by the use of which the heat generated by the hot liquid
contained in the tea or coffee pot or other utensil is prevented from reaching the
handle. The said dises have two raised edges, on which are conted the metal,
similar to that employed in the utensil, but with a break between each of the said
edges in the centre of the periphery, and being thus coated the sides of each disc
is without difficulty soldered or otherwise suitably attached to the handle and the
body of the pot respectively.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1876.
46
JAMES SHAW, of Ovenden, near Halifax, in the County of York, Manufacturer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES."
"
This Invention relates to that class of steam engines known as compound
engines," and the improvements consist in arranging one or more low-pressure
cylinders of a new and novel construction parallel with an ordinary high-pressure
cylinder and its connections. The low-pressure cylinders are open at each end, and
have two pistons which work within them, one piston, which I will designate No. 1
piston, receiving its motion from the action of the high-pressure cylinder by means
of the exhaust steam, and the other, which is made to follow No. 1 piston upon its
forward motion, is caused to travel one-fourth of the stroke, at which point the
exhaust steam is admitted from the high-pressure cylinder, and which following
piston, which I will designate No. 2 piston, is actuated by means of a cam or
eccentric, which receives its motion by means of gear wheels and shaft from the
fly wheel shaft. The object of the following or No. 2 piston which I employ, is to
give increased amount of power, and the manner of its action is as follows:-After
it has been made to travel to the position of one-fourth of the stroke by means of
the cain or eccentric before mentioned it there remains stationary, and is a resistivo
force to the pressure of the steam admitted until No. 1 piston has arrived at its
furthest extremity or limit of its stroke, upon which the cam again operates to
bring it back to its original position, and I employ small pullies to reduce the
friction on the cam.
27
Instead of the ordinary friction slides which have heretofore been employed [
construct the "slides and "
cross heads" of the low-pressure cylinders in such
manner that the pistons are balanced, and I employ pullies which reduce greatly
the amount of friction, and at the same time I am enabled to have an equal pressure
of the piston all round on the cylinder. And I construct the low-pressure cylinders
with a double case in such manner that a space is formed between, and into which
steam is admitted from the boiler or other source, so that no condensation of the
steam contained in the cylinders will take place. Steam, after leaving the low-
pressure cylinders is conveyed to the condenser.
It will be readily seen by the practical observer that by this arrangement of low-
pressure cylinders and pistons actuated by the cam moveinent that I am enabled to
obtain more than double the amount of power over ordinary compound engines with
the same amount of steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK-MAKING MACHINERY
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ridley Carr and John Urwin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1876.
WILLIAM RIDLEY CARR and JOIN URWIN, both of Scotswood-on-Tyne, in the
County of Northumberland, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK-MAKING
MACHINERY."
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of parts, whereby the cutting up
into bricks of the moulded blocks of clay delivered to the receiving table will be
greatly expedited, the machine being made double acting, and worked by the direct
action of steam. On either side of the receiving table is fixed vertically a frame of
cutting wire, against which the moulded clay is forced alternately by means of a
reciprocating push board within the main framing of the machine, and below the
receiving table a steam cylinder is fixed horizontally, and to the piston rod of this
cylinder is secured a vertical frame which carries the push board.
This frame receives a reciprocating motion from the direct action of the steam
admitted to the cylinder, and it is steadied in its movement by means of guide
rods, over which the frame slides.
The action of the push board is to force the moulded clay alternately up to the
cutting wires situate at the right and left of the receiving table.
Thus the clay will by the traverse of the piston to the right be forced through
the right hand cutting frame and delivered in the form of bricks on to a pallet
board provided to receive it, and by the return motion of the piston the push board
will drive a fresh supply of moulded clay through the left hand cutting frame and
deliver it on to a second pallet board.
By this means the operation of brick making will be greatly expedited, and an
economy effected in the working of the machine.