IMPROVE- MENTS IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES AND PUMPS
Year: 1882

page_text: ‘LETTERS PATENT to Philip Goldschmidt, George Hahlo and Arnold Heussy
all of Manchester in the County of Lancaster for an invention of IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES AND PUMPS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philip Goldschmidt, George
Hablo, and Arnold Heussy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 12th July 1882.
PHILIP GOLDSCHMIDT, GEORGE HAHLO and ARNOLD HEUSSY all of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM-ENGINES AND
PUMPS,
The invention relates more particularly to certain improvements in that class of
rotary steam-engines and pumps in which a pair of working revolvers mounted on
separate shafts rotate in opposite directions in a double cylindrical metal casing.
In this class of rotary-engines and pumps and particularly when working under
high pressure, the pressure which acts alternately on the faces of each said working
revolver is increased to such an extent as to greatly interfere with and reduce the
useful effect of such engines and pumps. We remedy this defect by balancing in a
suitable manner, the pressure exerted on the faces of the working revolvers, which
is the important and novel feature of our Invention. To this end we place on each
side of the said working revolvers and mounted on the same shafts, two auxilliary
drums, or revolvers similarly shaped to the said working revolvers. The said
working revolvers are separated from the auxiliary or balancing revolvers,
by means of the cylinder covers allowing only the two shafts to pass through.
Suitable ports or passages are made between the larger cylinder casing which
said ports are opened or closed alternately and corresponding exactly with the
undue pressure on the working-revolvers which thereby become balanced, that
is to say when there is an undue pressure on the working revolvers, the same is
balanced exactly, and during the time of its duration by the two auxilliary revolvers,
which are mounted on the same shafts by allowing the pressure of fluid to press
equally through the communicating ports between the working revolvers and the
auxiliary or balancing revolvers. In the case of steam-engines, a rotative expansion
valve may be employed if desired in the usual way, to cut off the steam which will
not interfere with the balancing of the revolvers,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Philip Goldschmidt, George Hahlo, and Arnold Heussy in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th January 1883.
PHILIP GOLDSCHMIDT, GEORGE HAHLO and ARNOLD HEUSSY all of Manchester
in the County of Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES AND
PUMPS
"
The Invention relates more particularly to certain improvements in that class of
rotary, machines which may according to their construction be employed as motive
power engines driven by steam, water gas or air pressure or as pumps, air
.compressors, blowers or exhausters, and also be applicable to some other purposes.
In this class of rotary engines, pumps, and other machines the pressure of the
moving fluid, gas, air, or steam in motive power ongines, and of the moved fluid
gas or air in pumps and other similar machines is acting axially during the greatest
part of the revolution onto the revolving pistons or their shafts, which presses the
pistons against their casings and the shafts against their bearings causing a great
deal of friction and consequent loss of power. We remedy this defect by balancing
in a suitable manner the said damaging pressure exerted axially on the working
pistons. To this end we make the same fluid gas air or steam pressure which is
acting damaging on the revolving pistons work in the opposite directions onto
auxilliary pistons or their shafts in such a manner that whenever any undue
pressure is put on the working pistons, the same is as nearly as possible counter-
balanced by the same pressure acting in the opposite direction on the same or
nearly the game area of the auxilliary pistons, so that the working pistons with
their shafts are rotated as nearly as possible in equilibrium, which we consider an
important and novel feature, of our Invention.
And in order that the Invention may be more fully understood we have caused
to be appended hereto four Sheets of Drawings to which reference will now be
⚫made.
Fig. 1 represents a combined rotary steam engine and pump.
Fig 2. represents a cross section of the said engine taken on the lines 1-2 in
Fig 1.
Fig 3. is a cross section of the pump from the line 3-4 in Fig 1.
Fig 4. is a cross section on the line 5-6 in Fig 1 and illustrates the position of
the balancing pistons with respect to the working pistons and also indicates the
inlet and outlet ports connecting the inlet of the main cylinder with the opposite
side of the balancing cylinders and the exhaust of the main cylinder with the
respective opposite side of the balancing cylinders.
Fig 5 is a cross section on the line 7-8 in Fig 1. and indicates the position of
the balancing pistons and also the inlet and outlet ports or passage's connecting
pressure or delivery side of main cylinder of pumps and similar machines with
opposite side of balancing cylinders and the suction side of main cylinder with its
respective opposite side of balancing cylinders.
Fig 6 is a front elevation of a rotary steam engine having the inlet port in
opposite position to the engine illustrated by Fig 2.`
Figs 7, 8, 9, represent respectively an end view:-cross section on the line 9—10,
and cross section on the line 11-12 of Fig 6. Within the double cylindrical
metal casing a and on the parallel shafts bc are mounted a pair of working
revolvers de of the indicated form arranged to be rotated in directions opposite. to
each other by spur gearing ƒ keyed on the respective shafts of the revolvers, the
periphery of each revolver d and e being always in contact with the cylindrical
periphery of the boss g or has the case may be. In motive power engines we
"

page_text: Ports or
divide the inlet i and form two separate ports or passages j k. As is well known
in this and other classes of rotary engines the moving steam, gas or fluid interferes
with the proper working by exerting a damaging or undue pressure axially on the
working pistons and their respective shafts which produces a great amount of
friction and consequent loss of power. In order to remedy this defect and at the
same time to improve the action of such machines we provide the said working
piston with auxilliary or balancing pistons no cast or formed together with each
working piston, or otherwise firmly secured onto the saine shaft with the working
piston d or e and rotated therewith in the said cylindrical casing a. During the
revolution of the working pistons d and e a damaging pressure thereon is exerted
axially by the live steam, gas, or fluid, pressing to a greater or less extent according
to the particular position of the revolvers onto their surfaces; this pressure is equal
to or less than the whole area of the revolver multiplied by the pressure of the
moving agent. To balance this variable and as hereinbefore mentioned damaging
axial pressure, the said auxilliary or balancing pistons no, are made by about
half the diameter of the working pistons or less, and of a width of about one and a
half times their diameter or less, placed on each side of the said working pistons.
These auxilliary or balancing pistons no are turned to fit exactly in the said
casings and are cast with or may be formed separately from the working pistons.
As will be seen more clearly by Fig 4 each balancing piston is formed with suitable
recesses around its periphery so arranged that whenever the damaging pressure is
acting on the working piston it acts at the same time only in the opposite direction
on the balancing pistons and is cut off simultaneously when the pressure is taken
off from the working piston. The said recesses correspond in area to the area of
the working piston which is exposed to the damaging pressure.
passages ppare formed in the cylinder covers which in the case of motive power
engines connect the inlet port i with the opposite side of each balancing cylinder
and in the case of pumps and similar machines connect the delivery 7 with the
opposite side of each balancing cylinder. Similar ports or passages are also
formed in the cylinder covers to connect the exhaust or outlet m of motive
power engines and the suction n of pumps and other similar machines with the
opposite respective sides of the balancing cylinders to put the pressure on one side
of the balancing pistons and release them by exhaust or suction on the opposite
side. Grooves t-u are cut in the balancing pistons in a suitable manner with the
ports or passages aforesaid which assist in regulating the admission, and cut-off of
the balancing pressure on the pistons no, acting thereon proportionate to the
pressure that may be acting on the working pistons at any particular part of their
revolution whereby the damaging pressure on the working pistons is counter-
balanced as nearly as possible by the pressure on the end or balancing pistons, the
two pressures acting equally and on the same or nearly the same area in the
opposite directions and during exactly the same part of the revolution thus
maintaining the pistons as nearly as possible in a state of equilibrium. Springs are
inserted into the body of the balancing pistons n, o, and an annular ring may also
be used to prevent leakage. The area of the recesses made in the balancing
pistons no, are made as near alike as possible and equal to the area of the
working piston exposed to the damaging pressure. The said recesses and ports or
passages are arranged so that whenever the damaging pressure is acting on the
working piston the same pressure will be acting simultaneously (only in the opposite
direction) on the balancing pistons and this pressure is cut off as soon as it ceases to
press on the working piston. The damaging pressure on the working pistons
varies according to their respective positions during the revolution thereof whereby
the same pressure must act on the balancing pistons exactly corresponding to those
variable pressures. The Invention has been described when used as a motive power
engine actuated by steam, gas, or fluid pressure, but it is equally applicable for use in
pumps, compressors, blowers, exhausters ventilators and other analogous purposes.
The Invention is also applicable to motive power engines worked expansively.
The apparatus illustrated by Fig. I is designed for use as a combined rotary

page_text: engine and pump, and the apparatus illustrated by fig 6 as a rotary steam engine
of a certain type, but we do not confine ourselves to these special types, so long as
the said machines or modifications thereof, are used with the said arrangements
for balancing and compensating for the undue or damaging pressure put axially on
the working pistons or equivalent parts thereof. But we wish it to be understood
that we claim for our Invention the novelty of being applied to all classes of rotary
machines where there is a damaging pressure exerted axially on the working
pistons or their shafts by the moving or moved substance be it steam, gas, air or
fluid. We do not confine ourselves to the exact arrangements as illustrated in
the drawings so long as the novel feature of our Invention is retained, nor do we
confine ourselves to the proportions of the balancing and working pistons as
indicated. Having now fully described and set forth the nature and intent of our
Invention and the manner in which the same may be carried into effect, we would
have it to be understood that we claim as secured to us by the hereinbefore part
recited letters papent.
First, in rotary motive power engines driven by steam, gas, air, or fluid pressure
and in other rotary machines working under fluid gas, air, or steam pressure, the
compensation for the damaging pressure exerted axially on the working pistons or
their shafts by the same pressure acting simultaneously in the opposite direction
on the revolving pistons or their shafts in such a manner that the damaging
pressure is as nearly as possible counterbalanced.
Secondly the transmission of the pressure for balancing through small ports or
passages from the inlet port in motive power engines (and from the delivery port
in pumps and other similar machines) into the balancing cylinders and from the
opposite sides of the said balancing cylinders into the exhaust of motive power
engines (or into the suction of pumps and other similar machines) in such a
manner that the damaging pressure is brought to bear in the balancing cylinders
onto the balancing pistons on the opposite side to that where it exerts itself in the
main cylinder on the working revolvers substantially as described and shewn in
the drawings.
Thirdly, the construction and arrangement of the working pistons in combination
with balancing pistons so that the same amount of pressure exerted axially on
the working pistons or their shafts is caused to act in the opposite direction upon
the balancing pistons or their shafts in such a manner that the damaging pressure
is as nearly as possible neutralized as described.
And, lastly, the general arrangement, construction, and combination substantially
as described and illustrated in the drawings, whereby the balancing pressure is
exerted on an area of the balancing pistons equal or nearly equal to the area of
the working piston on which the damaging pressure is acting axially at the same
time in the opposite direction, and exactly during those parts of the revolution
where it is required, therefore automatically balancing the rotary pistons and
keeping them, as nearly as possible in equilibrium.
In witness whereof we the said Philip Goldschmidt, George Hahlo and Arnold
Heussy have hereunto set our bands and seals this eleventh day of January
in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.