Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 14th June, 1887
Complete Left, 14th Mar., 1888
Complete Accepted, 14th June. 1888
I, CAMILLE WEBER, of 7 Rue de l'hotel de Ville, Guebwiller (Alsace),
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the carding of cotton and other textile materials and to
apparatus therefor.
The said invention comprises the application of a first breaker moving at a low
velocity and which is moreover adapted to be regulated according to the nature and.
length of the filaments.
The cotton leaving the blower in the form of lap is presented to the card in what
may be termed a felted condition the staples in the greatest disorder assuming any
positions, straight, inclined, in the form of hooks and linked one in the other. The
breaker in the actual cards penetrates this lap with great velocity, breaking many
filaments and forming knots."
If
The thick layer of the lap of cotton retained by means of strong pressure can be com-
pared with the curled hair of a man which is wiped with force after a bath.
through this hair a comb is passed to which a great velocity is imparted, a large part
of the hair will be pulled out and torn whilst if the same comb proceeds slowly, the
hair remains intact. It is the same with the lap of cotton which has been treated up
to the present in a very rough manner. It is of importance to treat this lap with
caution by means of a first device moving at a low velocity and provided with a finer
covering than that now in use, preparing the cotton for a subsequent treatment and
cleaning it from the coarsest impurities and to enable the point of penetration by the
covering to be varied and regulated according to the length of the cotton.
It is also of consequence to treat the cotton with care in the ulterior operations by
working it in the same direction. This I accomplish by means of a first breaker
moving at a low velocity and with an ascending motion which I arrange against the
feed.

page_text: The cotton after it has passed between a grooved cylinder and the spreading device
mounted above said cylinder is seized by a small slow breaker which carries it upwards,
it is then seized by the large quick breaker which continuing in the same direction
lengthens, opens and cleans it. In the same direction also the large cylinder takes the
cotton to the second breaker and treats it.
The cotton passing in the same direction from the feed to the large cylinder is
therefore not damaged.
The increase of velocity which takes place from one breaker to the other opens the
cotton and detaches many impurities. The result of this application is a better carding
more suitable and the production of the card can be augmented.
The arrangement which I have used in my cotton mill according to my invention
comprises a feed by means of a fluted cylinder over which is placed the spreading
device enabling the first breaker to be brought very near to the cotton, this spreading
device being provided with an inclined blade of steel that is hollowed out a little.
The first breaker can be regulated or brought so near to the steel blade that the teeth
of the covering will almost touch the said blade, at the top of this blade is an opening
enabling rather heavy bodies such as grain, leaves and the like to be disengaged;
they strike against a bar having nearly a vertical surface which throws them back
into a cavity in the top of the spreading device; this constitutes a first cleaning. A
second discharge is provided for the heavy bodies which by reason of the velocity pass
upon an angle iron where they accumulate which completes the first cleaning. Above,
between the two breakers is an opening of about two or three centimetres which
permits the disengagement of the knots, light leaves, etc., which impurities fall in
abundance to the ground. A third cleaning is effected by the bars placed below
the second breaker turning at a great velocity, where many knots escape and very
short down which it is of importance to discharge from the cotton.
The first breaker of my application can be regulated not only with regard to the
steel blade as hereinbefore stated; but it can also be regulated in the vertical
direction, which is very important. In fact the cotton must be attacked by the said
breaker while it is held by the fluted feed cylinder, otherwise it floats and is not
carded. It is understood that the short cotton must be attacked nearer the fluted
cylinder, whilst the long cotton must be penetrated further away from the point where
it is held by pressure in order to be treated and not be broken.'
In the arrangement which I have used there is a great facility for regulation; all
the parts are in view and can be regulated with the greatest precision. Not only can
the position of the small breaker be changed at will, but the inclination of the steel
blade can also be varied.
If I desire to treat the cotton much and to open it with great perfection I can
provide the second breaker with a fine covering. The employment of this covering
having fine teeth is not possible in the card having a single breaker, which necessitates
a very resistive covering having teeth placed at such distances apart as to penetrate the
lap of cotton with great velocity.
For American, Egyptian, or other long staple cottons designed to be treated upon
a combing machine after carding, the advantage of my system of carding is very
great. The filaments being treated there is less broken cotton; they are also better
divided so that the yield at the combing machine is much better. The combing
machine which has the effect of removing the impurities and the short staples produces
less noils or wasto ends, more good cotton to be spun and produces more suitable
work with a greater production.
The improved apparatus comprises two fluted cylinders for introducing the lap of
cotton and a wooden roller covered with woollen velvet, and put in the hollow part
of the spreading device, motion being imparted by the upper fluted cylinder; the said
roller being covered with short down or other impurities.
Another fluted cylinder carries the cotton to the first breaker and is adapted to be
regulated to or from the said breaker. The said fluted cylinder has fixed above it,
by strong pressure the spreading device which is designed to hold the cotton. At the
upper part of said device is a cavity designed to collect the impurities.

page_text: A steel blade is applied against said device and is hollowed out a little towards the
breaker and is designed to receive the work from the breaker by furnishing the
surface upon which the cotton is spread and is combed. The inclination of this blade
can be varied.
The cotton is held by pressure at the extreme point of the said blade.
The first breaker has a diameter of say 150 without the covering and moves
at a velocity of 280 revolutions consequently developing a length of 130 metres per
minute. The diameter of this breaker is very small in order to take up little space
and to augment slightly the length of the card. The height of the centre of the
first breaker above the frame is determined by means of soles of wood or iron placed
upon the frame and upon which the bearings of said breaker rests, these bearings are
adjusted by a bolt working in a bracket attached to the frame so that the distance
between the first and second breakers, can be adjusted at will, these said soles can
be replaced by vertical regulating screws if desired.
The covering comprises teeth similar to those of revolving tops of cards.
The opening at the top enables heavy bodies of the cotton to be disengaged;
these heavy bodies such as leaves, grain and the like strike against the horizontal
bar and are sent by ricochet into the cavity formed at the top of the spreading device,
which fills with fragments of grains and the like; and the wooden roller which
has a revolving motion takes them up.
A second opening is provided further away for the disengagement of the impurities
which deposit upon a metal band having the form of an angle iron.
For short cotton such as that from the Indies, the first breaker must touch the
steel blade a few millimetres above the point thereof. The longer the cotton the
more is it required to rise and to be removed from the point.
The horizontal bar can be regulated in close proximity to the first breaker so
that all the heavy bodies which the first breaker disengages from the cotton strike
above.
The angle iron presents a plane surface where the impurities projected by the first
breaker are deposited, by escaping through an opening of about 10 m/m provided in
the cover.
The horizontal bar and angle iron can be regulated at will.
The second breaker is 240 mm in diameter making 400 revolutions and con-
sequently developing a length of 300 metres per minute. This breaker is combined
with bars for the exit of impurities. The described arrangement having the advantage
of carrying to the second breaker a cotton that has already been opened and not
retained by pressure; the second breaker can, without inconvenience be provided
with a fine covering similar to that of the great drum of the card; the cotton is
then perfectly open, but experience seems to demonstrate that the cleaning in this
case between the two breakers is not effected so well. The kind of covering of this
second breaker therefore differs and is determined by the purpose for which the
machine is applied. The second breaker provided with a covering having teeth set
at distances apart causes more impurities to fall to the ground through the space left
free between the lower fastenings of the two breakers.
TIL: Lul 1
T1007
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, CAMILLE WEBER, of 7 Rue de l'hotel de Ville, Guebwiller (Alsace),
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to the carding of cotton and other textile materials and to
apparatus therefor.
.
My invention comprises the treatment of cotton and other filamentous material by
carding, this treatment having the effect of more carefully working the fibres, of
producing less waste, of better cleaning and botter opening.
The essential feature of my invention consists in the application of a first breaker
moving at a low velocity and which is moreover adapted to be regulated according to
the nature and length of the filaments.
The cotton leaving the blower in the form of lap is presented to the card in what
may be termed a felted condition the staples in the greatest disorder assuming any
positions, straight, inclined, in the form of hooks and entangled one with the other.
The breaker in the actual cards penetrates this lap with great velocity, breaking many
filaments and forming knots.
The thick layer of the lap of cotton retained by means of strong pressure may be
compared with the curled hair of a man, which is wiped with force after a bath." If
through this hair a comb is passed to which a great velocity is imparted, a large part
of the hair will be pulled out and torn whilst if the same comb proceeds slowly, the
hair remains intact. It is the same with the lap of cotton which has been treated up
to the present in a very rough manner. It is of importance to treat this lap with
caution by means of a first device moving at a low velocity and provided with a finer
covering than that now in use, preparing the cotton for a subsequent treatment, and
cleaning it from the coarsest impurities and to enable the point of penetration by the
covering to be varied and regulated according to the length of the cotton.
It is also of consequence to treat the cotton with care in the ulterior operations by
working it in the same direction. This I accomplish by means of a first breaker
moving at a low velocity and with an ascending motion which I arrange against
the feed.
The cotton after it has passed between a grooved cylinder and the spreading device
mounted above the said cylinder is seized by a small broaker which rotates at a slow
velocity and carries it upwards; it is then seized by the large quick breaker which,
continuing in the same direction, lengthens, opens and cleans it. In the same
direction also the large cylinder takes the cotton to the second breaker and treats it.
The cotton passing in the same direction from the feed to the large cylinder is
therefore not damaged. The increase of velocity which takes place from one breaker
to the other opens the cotton and detaches many impurities. The result of this
application is a better carding which is cleaner, and the production of the card can be
augmented.

page_text: The arrangement which I have used in my cotton mill according to my invention
comprises a feed by means of a fluted cylinder over which is placed the spreading
device enabling the first breaker to be brought very near to the cotton, this spreading
device being provided with an inclined blade of steel that is hollowed-out a little.
The first breaker can be regulated or brought so near to the steel blade that the
teeth of the covering will almost touch the said blade, at the top of the blade is an
opening enabling rather heavy bodies such as grain, leaves and the like to be dis-
engaged; they strike against a bar having nearly a vertical surface which throws
them back into a cavity in the top of the spreading device, this constitutes a first
cleaning. A second discharge is provided for the heavy bodies which by reason of
the velocity pass upon an angle iron where they accumulate which completes the first
cleaning. Below and between the two breakers is an opening of about two or three
centimeters which permits the disengagement of the knots, light loaves &c. which
impurities fall in abundance to the ground. A third cleaning is effected by the bars
placed below the second breaker turning at a great velocity, where many knots
escape and very short down which it is of importance to discharge from the cotton.
The first breaker can be regulated not only with regard to the steel blade as herein-
before stated but it can also be regulated in the vertical direction, which is very
important. In fact, the cotton must be attacked by the said breaker while it is held
by the fluted feed cylinder, otherwise it floates and is not carded. It is understood
that the short cotton must be attacked nearer the fluted cylinder, whilst the long
cotton must be penetrated further away from the point where it is held by pressure
in order to be treated and not be broken.
In the arrangement which I have used there is a great facility for regulation; all
the parts are in view and can be regulated with the greatest precision. Not only can
the position of the small breaker be changed at will, but the inclination of the steel
blade can also be varied.
If I desire to dress the cotton much and to open it with great perfection I can
provide the second breaker with a fine covering. The employment of this covering
having fine teeth is not possible in the card having a single breaker, which necessitates
a very resistive covering having teeth placed at such distances apart as to penetrate
the lap of cotton with great velocity.
For American, Egyptian, or other long staple cottons designed to be treated upon
a combing machine after carding, the advantage of my system of carding is very
great. The filaments being treated with caution there is less broken cotton; they
are also better divided so that the yield at the combing machine is much better. The
combing machine which has the effect of removing the impurities and the short
staples produces less noils or waste ends, more good cotton which is adapted to bo
spun and produces cleaner work with a greater production.
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of feed part of a
machine for carding cotton, constructed according to my invention.
Figure 2 shows the feed cylinders supposed to be removed from the cylinder
surmounted by the corresponding rule or spreading device.
Figure 3 is a modification in which the first breaker is surmounted by several
horizontal cleaning bars or rules.
A wooden roller H covered with
spreading device motion being
roller being covered with short
The improved apparatus comprises two adjustable fluted cylinders N N for intro-
ducing the lap of cotton passing from the blower.
woollen velvet and put in the hollow part of the
imparted by the upper fluted cylinder Ñ; the said
down or other impurities.
Another fluted cylinder C carries the cotton to the first breaker A and is adapted
to be regulated to or from the said breaker. The said fluted cylinder has fixed above
it by strong pressure the spreading device F which is designed to hold the cotton.
At the upper part of said device is a cavity designed to collect the impurities.
As shown in the drawing, the fluted feed cylinder C is supported at each extremity
by a support a that can be displaced at will upon the frame of tho machine by means
of a screw 6 fixed to the said support and which, according as it is caused to turn in

page_text: one or the other direction, approaches or recedes from the cylinder C, and the spreading
device that surmounts it from the preparatory breaker A.
The fluted feed cylinders N N are also mounted at each extremity in a support d
that can be caused to advance or retreat by means of a screw e which thus enables
them to approach or recede more or less from the cylinder C.
The adjusting screws bande pass through nuts provided in blocks c secured by
bolts upon the frame of the machine, and the supports a and d sliding one upon the
other are kept in their several positions by the nuts f, f, prossed upon the threaded
parts of the blocks c.
The spreading device F and the upper cylinder N aro pressed against the lower
cylinders C and N by means of two caps g constantly drawn towards the lower end by
a counter weighted lever.
The adjustment of the feed parts N N and F C is clearly shown in Figure 2 wherein
the two cylinders N N are supposed to be removed from the cylinder C and the
corresponding spreading device E. The parts C. F. can be made movable in the
vertical direction in order to adapt the work to the length of the fibres. The same
result is accomplished by raising or lowering the first breaker A.
A steel blade G is applied against the said device and is hollowed out a little
towards the breaker A and designed to receive the work from the breaker by
furnishing the surface upon which the cotton is spread and is combed. The inclination
of this blade can be varied.
The cotton is held by pressure at the extreme point P of the said blade.
The first breaker A has a diameter of say 150 m/m or other suitable diameter
without the covering and moves at a velocity of 280 revolutions consequently
developing a length of 130 metres per minute. The diameter of this breaker is very
small in order to take up little space and to augment slightly, the length of the card.
The height of the centre of tho first breaker above the frame is determined by means
of soles o of wood or iron placed upon the frame and upon which the bearings of said
breaker rests, these bearings are adjusted by a bolt working in a bracket attached to
the frame so that the distance between the first and second breakers can be adjusted
at will; the said soles can be replaced by vertical adjusting screws if desired.
The regulation towards the breaker 13 is effected by means of screws p at the sides.
The covering comprises teeth similar to those of revolving tops of cards.
The opening at the top in front of K enables heavy bodies of the cotton to be
disengaged; these heavy bodies, such as leaves, grain and the like, strike against the
horizontal bar K and aro sent into the cavity formed at the top of the spreading
device which fills with fragments of grain and the like, and the wooden roller H
which has a revolving motion takes them up.
A second opening is provided further away for the disengagement of the impurities
which are deposited upon a metal band M having the form of an angle iron.
For short cotton such as that from the Indies, the first breaker A must touch the
steel blade G a few millimetres above the point P thereof which is the last point
where the cotton is retained by pressure. The longer the cotton the more is it
required to rise and to be removed from the point P.
•
The horizontal bar K which can be adjusted in close proximity to the first breaker A
so that all the heavy bodies which the first breaker A disengages from the cotton will
strike above.
The angle iron M presents a plane surface where the impurities projected by the
first breaker A are deposited, by escaping through an opening of about 10 m/m
provided in the cover. The horizontal bar K and angle iron M can be regulated
at will.
Π
The second breaker is about 240 m/m in diameter, making 400 revolutions and
consequently developing a length of 300 metres per minute. This breaker is combined
with bars J for the exit of impurities.
It is to be understood that I do not limit myself to the velocities and sizes
mentioned, and that they can be varied according to the nature of the textile material,
according to the cleaning to be effected, and according to the production of carded

page_text: material that is to be obtained. The described arrangement having the advantage of
carrying to the second breaker B a cotton that has already been opened and not
retained by pressure, the second breaker B can without inconvenience be provided
with a fine covering similar to that of the great drum of the card; the cotton is then
perfectly open.
JJ are bars between which the impurities pass out and fall to the ground.
L is an intermediate roller being one of the ordinary parts of the card.
T is the large drum of the card, one metre or more in diameter.
The modification represented in Figure 3 differs from the arrangement above
described only in the arrangement of several horizontal bars K K K above the first
breaker, these bars or rules K K K retain the heavy impurities of the cotton and
causes them to fall into troughs when they strike against these bars, and by the
adjunction of rollers O, R for supplementary treatment.
The rollers OR are simple wooden rollers. or metal tubes lined with wool, cloth or
any other suitable material and aro adapted to collect and retain the impurities of the
cotton. The said rollers carry at one extremity a small pulley of wood or metal or a
small spur wheel, which receive rotary movement by means of cord-belt or chain,
the motion being imparted from the most convenient part, either from one of the
breakers, or one of the three fluted feed cylinders. These "rollers" are placed with
their two extremities in small supports fixed upon the closing part of cast metal
which is on the sides of the first breaker, which closing parts also support the
strips kk.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. In a machine for carding cotton and other filamentous materials, the system
having the effect of treating the fibres more gently of producing less waste, of better
cleaning, of better opening them and of increasing the production, consisting in the
arrangement of a first breaker operating at a lower velocity than the other, and
against which is applied a plate the inclination of which can be varied to put the
cotton in order while breaking fewer filaments, and to effect a first cleaning.
Second. The work of this first breaker which may be regulated according to the
length of the filaments by raising or lowering the first disentangling breaker or by
raising or lowering the feed.
Third. The ascending movement of the cotton, enabling the cotton to be acted
upon by the second breaker in the same direction by lengthening without damaging
it, the impurities being disengaged by the change in the velocity from one breaker to
another.
Fourth. The application of a horizontal spreading device or bar to the upper part
of the first breaker against which the leaves or heavy impurities of the cotton are
projected and fall into reservoirs whence they can be removed.
Fifth. The providing of the second breaker with a fine covering which has the
effect of opening the cotton before it arrives at the large drum.
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.