AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLERS EMPLOYED FOR CALENDERING, MANGLING, AND OTHER PROCESSES OF ANALOGOUS CHARACTER.
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLERS EMPLOYED FOR CALENDERING,
MANGLING, AND OTHER PROCESSES OF ANALOGOUS CHARACTER.."-A com-
munication.
Sealed the 12th May 1857, and dated the 14th January 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th January 1857.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLERS EMPLOYED
FOR CALENDERING, MANGLING, AND OTHER PROCESSES OF ANALOGOUS CHARACTER," to
be as follows:-
This Invention, of an improvement in rollers for calendering, mangling, and
other processes of analogous character, consists in manufacturing these rollers
of the husks of maize (Indian corn). The rollers when made of this material
retain their cylindrical form better, are less effected by wet, and wear smoother
than rollers made of cotton, paper, wood, or other materials heretofore used.
The husks may be obtained, in a proper condition to be manufactured into
the rollers, in the markets of the United States of America, where they are

page_text: sold in such condition for the stuffing of mattresses, and other articles of
similar character, and for other purposes; or they may be reduced to such state
by a process resembling that of heckling flax and hemp, the separation of the
fibres being all that is necessary. The process of manufacturing them into
rollers is substantially the same as that of manufacturing the cotton rollers
heretofore employed for similar purposes. The fibres are taken in a dry state,
or only very slightly moistened, and placed in handfuls in an upright cylindrical
vessel, having a stick or rod set upright in its centre, and packed and pressed
together to form cylindrical masses, each having a hole in its centre.
A suitable number of these cylinders being obtained, the shaft for a roller,
having an iron collar fast near one end, is driven through as many as its
length will contain, and the whole are then submitted to pressure in a direction
parallel with the axis of the shaft, more cylinders being placed on the shaft
as those previously placed on are compressed sufficiently to mako room for
them, until the shaft has received a sufficient number, and the whole are
sufficiently compressed. When the fibres are thus compressed together in a
compact and solid mass, another collar is placed on the shaft and secured to
confine them, and the exterior of the mass of fibre is turned off in a lathe
to bring the roller to a cylindrical form of proper size, in the same manner as
other calendering rollers are turned, and the roller is then ready for use.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th July 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great

page_text: Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLERS EMPLOYED FOR CALENDERING, MANGLING, AND OTHER
PROCESSES OF ANALOGOUS CHARACTER," being a communication from abroad, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Willian Edward Newton, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
:-
This Invention, of an improvement in rollers for calendering, mangling, and
other purposes of analogous character, consists in manufacturing these rollers
of the husks of maize or Indian corn. The rollers when made of this material
retain their cylindrical form better, are less affected by wet, and wear smoother
than rollers made of cotton, paper, wood, or other materials heretofore used.
The husks may be obtained, in a proper condition to be manufactured into
the rollers, in the markets of the United States of America, where they are
sold in such condition for the stuffing of mattresses, and other articles of
similar character, and for other purposes; or they may be reduced to such state
by a process resembling that of heckling flax and hemp, the separation of the
fibres being all that is necessary. The process of manufacturing them into
rollers is substantially the same as that of manufacturing the cotton rollers
beretofore employed for similar purposes. The fibres are taken in a dry state,
or only very slightly moistened, and placed in handfuls without any particular
regard to the disposition of the fibres, except to arrange them irregularly in an
upright cylindrical vessel, having a stick or rod set upright in its centre, and
packed and pressed together to form what are termed "cheeses," which consist
of cylindrical masses, each having a hole in its centre, their cylindrical
exteriors being formed by the interior surface of the vessel, and the holes by
the central stick or rod. A suitable number of these cylinders or cheeses
being obtained, the shaft for a roller, having an iron collar fast near one end,
is driven through as many as its length will contain, and the whole are then
submitted to pressure in a direction parallel with the axis of the shaft, more
cylinders or cheeses being placed on the shaft, as those previously placed on
are compressed sufficiently to make room for them, until the shaft has received
a sufficient number, and the whole are suficiently compressed. In the above

page_text: operation a pressure of from one thousand to two thousand tons must be
employed, and the pressure is effected by means of a hydrostatic press. When
the fibres are thus compressed together in a compact and solid mass, another
collar is placed on the shaft and secured to confine them, and the exterior of
the mass of fibre is turned off in a lathe to bring the roller to a cylindrical
form of proper size, in the same manner as other calendering rollers are turned,
and the roller is then ready for use.
What I claim, as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid,
is, the manufacture of rollers, for calendering, mangling, and other operations
of similar character, of the husks of maize or Indian corn, instead of cotton,
'wood, paper, and such other materials as have been previously employed for
'the purpose.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)