Improvements in Candles, and Sockets therefor.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Mar., 1894
00
.
L
1005
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Candles, and Sockets therefor.
I, JAMES KNOX STEWART, of 9 Wentworth Terrace, New Southgate' in the
County of Middlesex, Commercial Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention is intended to provide means by which candles made in accordance
with my invention may very easily and quickly be secured in candlesticks, sconces,
candelabra, and the like having sockets of corresponding form, and so as not to be
so liable to accidental displacement as hitherto, and my invention is specially
valuable for piano candles, and candles in such like conditions.
According to my invention I make each candle with a screw thread or like
device at or near its lower end, and I make the socket of the candlestick with a
corresponding screw, or device into which the candle may be fitted in such manner
as to be securely and firmly held.
which
I make the socket of the candlestick with an internal groove
may take
the form of a screw, or the form of a bayonet joint, that is to say, part of the
grove vertical and part of it horizontal, or the like, and I prefer to make the
screw, when a screw is the form adopted, of rapid pitch so that there are only, say
one or two turns in its entire length.
I make the lower end of the candle with a portion of size to fit freely into the
socket, and with thereon a projection or series of projections or a continuous pro-
jection in the form of a thread corresponding with the grove in the socket, and at
the upper end of the screw I may make a shoulder or annular moulding preferably
of an ornamental character which limits the distance which the candle can enter
the socket.
I make the sockets of candle-sticks intended for such candles, with an internal
screw or the like as above described, and, for the purpose of utilizing candle-sticks
such as are already in common use, I make detached sockets which may be fitted
into such candle-sticks and which are made internally as hereinbefore described,
and such detached sockets may be provided with a cork or rubber or the like ring
or washer, or with springs or the like whereby such sockets are made readily
adaptable to any candlestick; sconce, candelabra, or the like, of approximately
corresponding size.
Obviously the arrangement may be reversed, the groove being made on the
candle and the projections or projection or thread on the socket.
In order to set up such a candle in such a candle-stick or in an ordinary candle-
stick to which one of the above mentioned detached sockets has been fitted it is
only necessary to introduce the end of it, and rotate it in the proper direction when
it will at once become thoroughly secured so as not to be liable to become loose or
out of perpendicular by any slight shaking as is so often the case with candles as
now generally used, and the danger of fire and of accidents thereby will be greatly
reduced.
Dated the 22nd day of March 1894.
NEWNHAM BROWNE,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Candles, and Sockets therefor.
I, JAMES KNOX STEWART, of 9 Wentworth Terrace, New Southgate, in the
County of Middlesex Commercial Agent do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention provides means by which candles made in accordance therewith
may very easily and quickly be secured in candlesticks candelabra and the like
having sockets of corresponding form, and so as not to be liable to accidental
displacement as hitherto and my invention is specially valuable for piano candles
and candles under such like conditions.
In the accompanying sheet of drawings
Fig. 1 represents a candle embodying my improvements;
Fig. 2 a candlestick partly in section made to hold such a candle;
Fig. 3 is a modified form of candle in which the screw thread is replaced by or
so modified as to become a bayonet point;
Fig. 4 is a separate socket intended to be placed in an ordinary candlestick to
enable it to hold my improved candles such as shewn in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is a socket for a like purpose fitted for the reception of the candle
represented in Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 represents separately an expausible spring tube forming part of the
detached sockets Figs. 4 and 5.
According to my invention I make each candle with a screw thread and shoulder
the screw being of rapid pitch and tapering so that when placed in a corresponding
socket the tapering or conical form of the base of the candle allows of its being
introduced so far into the socket that a very small amount of revolution say for
instance half a turn suffices to screw it home so that the shoulder is brought against
the top of the socket.
I make the bases and screws of one uniform size and pitch for all usual sizes
of candles so that one size of candlestick or socket will take any ordinary size
candle.
A represents one of my said improved candles; B is the screw formed on the
lower portion thereof; C is a shoulder or annular moulding preferably of an
ornamental character which when the candle is screwed into the socket rests on the
top of the latter and insures firmness and freedom from lateral movement.
For such candles sockets are required having an internal screw corresponding
with that of the candle as represented in Fig. 2, in which D is the internal
screw thread. For the purpose of utilizing candlesticks, candelabra, and the like
which are already in use and have plain sockets I provide detached sockets such
as Fig. 4, with an inner tube D¹ made with a screw thread to correspond with
that in the candle and with a split expansible spring tube E, such as is shewn
separately in Fig. 6, capable of fitting into and holding itself firmly in the plain
socket of the candlestick; ff are lugs by which the tube E is attached or riveted
to the other portion.
Fig. 3 represents a candle in which the thread is modified as shewn at B' so
as to form in conjunction with a stud, such as D* in the socket Fig. 5, a bayonet
joint, and I may employ one, or more than one, preferably two, such threads, or
grooves, and studs in each candle and socket respectively.
In order to set up one of my improved candles in an appropriate candlestick
or an ordinary candlestick to which one of the before described detached sockets
has been fitted, the base of the candle is introduced into the socket and the
candle rotated in the proper direction when it will at once become thoroughly

page_text: secured so as not to be liable to become loose or out of perpendicular by any
moderate shaking.
If a receive-all or decorative or other grease dish is to be placed on the candle-
stick at the base of the candle it should be placed on the candlestick, before the
candle is introduced, so that when the candle is screwed into its place it may hold
the receive-all firmly between the shoulder of the candle and the top of the socket,
thereby preventing any rattling being occasioned by vibratious of the support.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood
that I do not claim candlesticks with screw sockets for candles nor do I claim
cutting an ordinary screw on the lower end of an ordinary i.e. plain ended, candle,
but I declare that what I claim is :
1. A candle with a rapid conical screw such as B at its lower end adapted to
screw into a socket with a corresponding thread, such screw being of one uniform
size and pitch for all ordinary sizes of candles, and such candle having a shoulder
or annular rim C, as hereinbefore described and for the purpose set forth.
2. A candle such as that above claimed but in which the screw is so modified us
to form in conjunction with a stud or studds in the socket a bayonet joint
substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn in Fig. 3 and 5 in the drawings.
Dated this 19th day of January 1895.
JAMES K, STEWART.