IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Black, of Mousemill, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Wright, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Black at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1877.
WALTER BLACK, of Mousomill, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Wright.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS."
This Invention has for its object to construct a churn in an improved manner,
and so as to be more effective for the power employed and more certain in its action
than existing churns.
In one modification of the improved churn the vessel in which the operation is
effected is rectangular in plan, and is made with vertical sides and ends, whilst the
bottom is flat at the middle part and bevilled or inclined at the sides. A horizontal
shaft is mounted across the vessel, in or near the middle, and is provided with an
external handle or gearing for driving it by. On a boss at about the middle of the
shaft there are fixed four or other convenient number of inclined blades which act
somewhat like screw propeller blades, and cause the milk or cream to circulate in
such a manner as that every part is acted on in succession. On the end of each
blade and on the side that is uppermost, as the blade descends, there is formed a
hopper-shaped bucket having its wider end directed forwards, and having a com-
paratively small hole at its after end. These buckets carry air down into the milk
or cream, and also render the churning action of the blades more effective.
The improved apparatus is susceptible of modification as regards the shape of the
vessel and other details. Thus the shaft may be slightly inclined instead of hori-
zontal, and air buckets may be fixed on only some of the blades, or in some cases
may be dispensed with altogether.
WALTER BLACK, of Mousemill, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Wright.

page_text: and so as to be more effective for the power employed and more certain in its action
than existing churns.
.
In one modification of my improved churn the vessel in which the operation is
effected is rectangular in plan, and is made with vertical sides and ends whilst the
bottom is flat at the middle part and bevilled or inclined at the sides. A horizontal
shaft driven by hand or by à belt is mounted across the vessel, and on a boss at or
near the middle of the shaft there are fixed four or other convenient number of
inclined blades fitted with hopper shaped buckets at their outer ends. These blades
act somewhat like screw propeller blades, and cause the milk or cream to circulate
in such a manner as that every part is acted on in succession, whilst the buckets
carry air down into the milk and render the churning action of the blades more
effective.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood, I hereunto append a Sheet of explanatory Drawings,
to be herein-after referred to, and representing modifications of my improved
churning apparatus.
In these Drawings the same reference letters are used to mark the same or like
parts wherever they are repeated.
Figures 1 and 2 are vertical sections, taken as at right angles to each other, of
my improved churn, which comprises a box or vessel A of wood or other suitable
material having vertical sides B and ends C, whilst the bottom D is flat at the
middle part and bevilled or inclined at the sides. Across the centre of the vessel A
is mounted a horizontal shaft E supported in metal bearings F in the sides B, and
on this shaft, near its middle part, is fitted a square block or boss G. Into the faces
or edges of this block are inserted and secured four radial inclined blades H (shown
on a larger scale in Figures 3 and 4), and at the end of each blado on the side that
is uppermost, as the blade descends, there is formed or fitted a hopper-shaped bucket I
having its wider end directed forwards, and having a comparatively small hole at
its after end. The shaft E is driven by a handle J on its outer end, and as it
rotates, the blades, being inclined to their plane of rotation, act like a screw, and
cause a vigorous circulation of the milk or cream acted upon. The vessel A is pro-
vided with a movable lid K, having in it a small hole or opening L for the passage
of air; and to secure convenience in working the churn by hand the apparatus is
placed on a stool or table M.
My improved apparatus is susceptible of modification as regards the shape of the
vessel A and other details; thus the shaft E may be slightly inclined instead of
being horizontal, and air buckets I may be fixed on only some of the blades H, or
in some cases may be dispensed with altogether, and the blades instead of being
rectangular in cross section may be of V shape, as shown in Figure 5 of the
Drawings.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the
precise details herein described or delineated, but that what I believe to be novel
and original and claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-beforé in
part recited Letters Patent is, the arrangement and combination of parts forming a
churn, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Black, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven
Witness,
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
134, St. Vincent Street,
Glasgow.
WALTER BLACK. (L.S.)