IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MEAT AND OTHER BISCUITS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Carr, of the Crescent, Clapham, in the
County of Surrey, of the Firm of Peek, Frean, and Company,
and Charles Lucop, of Drummond Road, also in the County of
Surrey, one of the Managers of the said Firm, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MEAT AND OTHER BISCUITS,"
Sealed the 20th March 1868, and dated the 18th January 1868,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Carr and
Charles Lucop at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 18th January 1868.
We, JOHN CARR, of the Crescent, Clapham, in the County of
Surrey, of the Firm of Peek, Frean, and Company, and CHARLES
LUCOP, of Drummond Road, also in the County of Surrey, one of the
Managers of the said Firm, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MEAT AND
OTHER BISCUITS," to be as follows;-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of meat and other biscuits. In the manufacture of meat biscuits it is

page_text: very desirable that the meat extract should not be exposed to heat of
the oven, but that the other ingredients of the biscuit should be baked
separately, and the meat extract afterwards added. We therefore
according to our Invention manufacture meat biscuits in the following
manner: We make plain biscuit and bake it as usual, then we grind
it to powder, and we mix the extract of meat with the powder;
afterwards we mould the powder, which is hardly moistened by the
extract, into a biscuit by beavy pressure, or by stamping it in a
suitable mould. Although we prefer to mix the extract of meat with
powdered biscuit, other materials such, for example, as baked flour,
may be substituted for the biscuit, but less advantageously. This
method of making biscuits is also applicable advantageously when
extract of meat is not employed, but where it is required to incorporate
in the biscuits other materials which might be injured by the heat of
the oven.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said John Carr and Charles Lucop in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 18th July 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
CARR, of the Crescent, Clapham, in the County of Surrey, of the
Firm of Peck; Frean, and Company, and CHARLES LUCOr, of
Drummond Road, also in the County of Surrey, one of the Managers
of the said Firm, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Eighteenth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in
the thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said John Carr and Charles
Lucop, Her special licence that we, the John Carr and Charles
Lucop, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
'we, the said John Carr and Charles Lucop, our exccutors, adminis
'trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,

page_text: the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS:
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MEAT AND OTHER BISCUITS," upon the condition"
(amongst others) that we, the said John Carr and Charles Lucop, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our
or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us:
or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,"
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within:
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Carr and Charles Lucop,'
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what'
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is
to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of meat and other biscuits. In the manufacture of meat biscuits
is very desirable that the meat extract should not be exposed to the
heat of the oven, but that the other ingredients of the biscuits should
be baked separately and the meat extract afterwards added. We
therefor according to our Invention manufacture meat biscuits in the
following manner :-We make plain biscuit and bake it as usual,"
then we grind it to powder and we mix the extract of meat with the
powder. Afterwards we mould the powder which is hardly moistened
by the extract into a biscuit by submitting it to the action of heavy,
and concentrated pressure in a suitable mould. Although we prefer
to mix the extract of meat with powdered biscuit other materials,
such, for example, as baked flour may be substituted for the biscuit,,
but less advantageously. This method of making biscuits is also
applicable advantageously when extract of meat is not employed, but
where it is required to incorporate in the biscuits other materials
which might be injured by the heat of the oven.
And in order that our said Invention may be most fully understood,.
and readily carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the manner
in which we prefer to conduct the manufacture. We take biscuite.
made with butter, such as are known as butter biscuits, and we grind
them to a coarse powder either in a mill such as is used by grocers
for grinding coffee, or if the operation is conducted on a large scale

page_text: millstones or other well known means of grinding may be employed.
We then mix with the biscuit powder extract of meat prepared by
the well known desiccating process adopted by Liebig in such proportion
that each pound of the mixture may contain about an ounce and,
a half of the extract. The materials should be thoroughly and carefully
mixed in a stone or other non-metallic vessel, we employ a large
pestle and mortar, the pestle being worked by steam power as is
sometimes practised in mixing drugs, but on a smaller scale a hand.
pestle and mortar may be employed. The moulds which we employ
consist of cylindrical holes each about 1 inch in diameter bored in
a block of cast iron, into each hole a plunger is fitted so as to be
able to move up and down in the hole. To close the upper ends of
the moulds a cover plate is provided and fitted truly to the top of the
block. The plungers and cover plates are engraved with the devices,
if any, which it is desired to impress on the surface of the biscuits.
.Into each of the moulds when the plunger is down there is poured,
say, a quarter of an ounce of the mixture already prepared and which
is in the state of powder and apparently dry. It is convenient to let
the plungers which are in fact moveable bottoms to the moulds descend
on to a stop plate or set screws so placed that the capacity of each.
mould may when the plungers are down be such as to contain the
proper quantity of powder, then to fill all the moulds and strike off
any excess from the surface of the mould block, the cover plate is
then applied and secured, and the whole arrangement is placed in an
hydraulic press; the plungers rest on the ram of the press and are
forced up by it until the pressure on each square inch of biscuit
becomes about one ton, or more or less, according to the degree of
firmness it is desired to give to the biscuits, but in every case it will
be found that very heavy pressure is required. The pressure is then let
off, the moulding apparatus is removed from the press, and the cover
plate is taken off. Each plunger is now lifted to its highest position
so as to cause it to carry the moulded biscuit out of the cylindrical
hole in which it is formed, and the biscuits are then removed from
the plungers by hand; they are dried for about three-quarters of an
hour in a hot closet at a temperature of about 180° and are then
finished. Any number of moulds may be worked at one time which
the power of the press will admit. We would remark that some of
the details of the process may be varied, but we have described those
which we have found convenient in practice.

page_text: Having now described our Invention and the manner in which
it is performed, we claim the manufacture substantially as herein
described of meat and other biscuits by first baking such of the ingre-
dients as require to be baked and reducing them to powder and then
mixing them with extract of meat or other ingredients that might
be injured by the heat of an oven, and then consolidating the mixed
ingredients by placing them in suitable moulds and submitting them
to a confined and concentrated pressure such as cannot he applied
by ordinary rolling machinery used in the manufacture of biscuits.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Carr and Charles Lucop,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day of
July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-eight.
JOHN CARR.
(L.S.)
CHARLES LUCOP. (L.S.)
JOHN CARR.
(L.S.)
CHARLES LUCOP. (L.S.)