Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Dec., 1886
Complete Left, 24th Sept., 1887
Complete Accepted, 25th Oct., 1887
A communication from abroad by CHARLES GARLICK, of Syracuse, in the County of
Onondaga, and State of New York, United States of America, Engineer.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, Fel. Inst. P.A. of the Agency for Foreign Patent
Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and 323 High
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists in combining with the base-heating-flue of base burning
stoves or hot air furnaces and the fire pot thereof, a supplemental heating-chamber
located underneath the base heating-flue and connected to the fire pot by a pipe
extending from the supplemental heating chamber to the top of the fire-pot, through
which hot-air is fed from the lower chamber, as more particularly herein-after
described, into the products of combustion.
It consists, also, in a system of heating chambers located, respectively, above and
below the base-heating flue-chamber and in contact therewith, said chambers being
suitably connected to the combustion chamber and provided with air-inlets for taking
in fresh air for heating purposes and impure air from the house, all as hereinafter
described, and it furthermore consists in the detail construction and arrangement of
the parts; as illustrated in the drawings, more particularly described hereinafter.
This invention differs from prior stoves in respect to the application of the necessary
air to supply the oxygen for producing combustion.
In such prior devices the air is supplied cold by draught upward and through the
grate and through the combustible matter thereon. In this case the gases are set free
and carried through the flues into the chimney and escape without thorough mixing,
This loss involves the waste of fuel required to raise the heat to a desired temperature,
a loss which would have been prevented could the thorough mixing of the guses have
been secured in the fire-pot, and combustion thereby produced.
Experience shows that when oxygen is heated and fed over the upper surface of a
combustible mass a perfect commingling of the gases follows and complete combustion
ensues

page_text: The reason therefor lies in the fact that at the ordinary temperature of air the
chemical affinities of oxygen are dormant; but when raised to the temperature of a
red heat its dormant powers are aroused, and it combines immediately with the
hydrogen and carbon of the burning mass.
This invention depends upon the practical application of this principle in the con-
struction of stoves and hot-air furnaces, and such application overcomes the difficulty
heretofore encountered in producing combustion in stoves, and a large gain in heat is
thereby produced, coupled with great economy in the use of fuel.
In specifying this invention reference is had to the accompanying drawings, like
letters indicating corresponding parts in all the figures, in which :-
Figure 1. is a perspective view of a stove, showing the invention applied thereto,
the outer shell being partly broken away. Figure 2. shows a plan of the lower
supplemental heating-chamber at the base of the stove under the base-heating flue
chamber. Figure 3 shows a plan of the base-heating flue-chamber, which is located
over the lower supplemental heating-chamber shown in Figure 2. Figure 4 shows a
plan of the upper supplemental hot air chamber located on top of the chamber shown
in Figure 3, and which receives the cold outside air. Figure is a longitudinal
section illustrating more clearly the arrangement of the air-chamber and their
passages. Figure 6. shows the application of this invention to a hot air furnace.
Figures 7, 8, and 9 are the plans of the chambers attached to the furnace, cor-
responding to those shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4, and Figure 10 is a detached detail
in section showing the hot-air feeding-pipe and its cut-off connection.
I will first explain the invention as applied to an ordinary base-burning stove as
illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 of the drawings.
A indicates a stove of the class named provided with the usual fire pot B, feeding
magazine M, and other necessary appurtenances. The base of the stove, the ash pit
is composed of three chambers donoted, respectively, in the drawings as 1. 2. and 3.
These chambers are preferably constructed as best shown in the sectional view
Figure 5, the bottom of 3 forming the top of 2. and the bottom of 2 forming the
top of 1.
2 is the base-heating flue-chamber, heated in the well-known manner of all base-
burning stoves, the products of combustion passing from the fire pot B into the down-
ward flue a to the flue chamber 2 from which they ascend the flue to the chimney.
On the top and bottom of 2 are placed the upper supplemental hot air chamber, 3,
heated by radiation, and the lower supplemental heating air-chamber, 1.
Connected to the upper supplemental hot-air chamber 3. is the cold air supply
pipe E, which introduces fresh cold air from without the house in which the stove
may be placed. This chamber 3, as will be observed upon referring to the drawings,
owing to its location between the base-heating flue chamber 2 and the ash-pit of the
stove is heated intensely hot by radiation from above and below and the fresh cold-air
introduced therein from the outside of the building is taken directly through the hot
air flues cc into the hot air storage chamber J at the top of the stove and diffused
into the room through the escape orifices or openings D D.
It is well understood that when hot air or radiated is taken into a room that the
cold heavy air of a room is displaced as the hot air rises and it settles toward the
bottom of the room.
This displaced air is utilized as follows namely: the inventor provides the lower
supplemental heating air-chamber 1, located underneath the base-heating chamber 2,
as described, and provides it with the inlet F. Figures 1 and 2 opening into the
room where the stove is placed.
On the interior of 1, the divisions or passages G G G are provided as the best
shown in Figure 2. and the hot-air pipe H connected as shown in said Figure. The
displaced air of the room, which is often impure, rushes into the inlet F and passes
through the divisions G G becoming heated from the radiations of the base-heating
Alue chamber 2, the divisions G G G serving to retard the current of air, thereby
increasing the heat as it passes upward into the hot-air feed pipe H.
The hot-air pipe has its exit end located just above the fire-pot B, and the hot-air

page_text: passing through it is discharged into the gases of combustion supplying the necessary
oxygen to unite with said gases to produce combustion.
It will be observed that the chamber 1 and hot air-pipe H, perform a twofold office
in operation of the stove, that is in removing the impure or vitiated air from the
room, thus ventilating it, and in supplying hot-air to the combustion-chamber.
The operation of the invention will be readily apparent from the fore-going, and it
is only necessary to direct attention to the fact that by reason of the supply of heated
air through the pipe H to the products of combustion, a circulation of hot air_is
obtained to supply heated oxygen directly to the gases, with which it combines. By
this means a uniform surface of combustion equally over and through the burning
mass in the fire pot is gained without the necessity of the powerful direct draught
through the grate essential to the present construction of stoves, and since the gases
are caused to combine with the supply of heated oxygen in the process of combustion
and by the extra heat cause additional draught compressions of gas in the stove
causing the heretofore annoying dangerous leakage of gas through crevices and
It is
imperfect joints into the rooms to poison the air are obviated and overcome.
obvious also that great economy in the use of fuel accrues from the described con-
struction, owing to the fact that the combustible gases are consumed and the beat
produced therefrom fully utilized, both from direct radiation and by means of the
heated air given out from the storage chamber J.
For the purpose of controlling the operation of the stove and checking its action
the cut-off device illustrated in the detached sectional view Figure 10 is provided
with an extension H¹, connected to the downward flue a which is adjustably con-
nected to the hot-air pipe by a damper, K by means of which the supply of hot-air
to the fire-pot can be regulated or wholly cut-off at will, as desired.
At Figures 6 to 9 an application of the invention to a hot-air furnace is illustrated.
In this case the construction differs from that of the stove simply in the construction
and connection of the cold-air pipes, and the arrangement of the hot-air pipes for
supplying hot-air for heating purposes. Of course the dimensions of all the parts are
enlarged.
In these Figures A represents the hot-air furnace provided with the fire pot B, and
with the hot-air flues leading up from the supplemental hot air chamber 3 at the
base of the furnace into the hot-air chamber J at the top thereof, the same as in the
stove. The downward flue a connects with the base-heating chamber 2, and the
uptake flue as in the stove, and the hot-air pipe H is connected to the lower supple-
mental heating-air chamber 1, as in the stove, said air chamber being divided into
passages G G G as in the stove. The upper end of the hot-air pipe H has its discharge
above the fire-pot B as illustrated in Figure 6. In this case the inlet F is elongated
to connect with the base of the rooms to be heated, since it is customary to set hot-air
furnaces in the cellar or basement of the buildings where they are used, and the fresh
cold-air pipe arranged in any desired manner according to the location of the furnace.
In fact the description of the stoves describe the upper hot-air furnace, with the excep-
tion that the hot-air chamber 3 is preferably divided into passages I I I, like the
lower supplemental heating air-chamber 1, for the purpose of giving more circulation
to the air over the radiating-surfaces, allowance being made for the difference in
dimensions and the location of the furnace. In both cases the most desirable results
accrue from the use of the invention.
It is obvious that the invention can be applied to any form of stove by modifying
the construction of the parts to the desired form The inventor therefore does not
restrict himself in this respect to the forms illustrated herein, having selected them
simply for the purpose of exemplification.
Dated this Maronty third day of December 1886

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Stoves or Furnaces Applicable for Household
or other like Use.
A communication from CHARLES GARLICK, of Syracuse, in the County of Onondaga,
in the State of New York, United States of America, Engineer.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON of 6 Lord Street, Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster, and 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
1
This invention consists in combining with the base-heating-flue of base burning
stoves or hot air furnaces and the fire pot thereof a supplemental heating-chamber
located underneath the base heating-flue and connected to the fire-pot by a pipe
extending from the supplemental heating chamber to the top of the fire pot through
which hot air is fed from the lower chamber, as more particularly herein-after
described, into the products of combustion.
It consists also in a system of heating chambers located respectively above and
below the base-heating flue-chamber and in contact therewith, said chambers being
suitably connected to the combustion chamber and provided with air inlets for taking
in fresh air for heating purposes and impure air from the house, all as hereinafter
described and set out in the claims, and it furthermore consists in the detail con-
struction and arrangement of the parts, as illustrated in the drawings, more particularly
described hereinafter.
This invention differs from prior stoves in respect to the application of the necessary
air to supply the oxygen for producing combustion.
In such prior devices the air is supplied cold by draught upward and through the
grate and through the combustible matter thereon. In this case the gases are set free
and carried through the flues into the chimney and escape without thoroughly mixing.
This loss involves the waste of fuel required to raise the heat to a desired temperature,
a loss which would have been prevented could the thorough mixing of the gases have
been secured in the fire pot and combustion thereby produced.
Experience shows that when oxygen is heated and fed over the upper surface of a
combustible mass a perfect commingling of the gases follows and complete combustion
ensues.
The reason therefor lies in the fact that at the ordinary temperature of air the
chemical affinities of oxygen are dormant ; but when raised to the temperature of a
- red heat its dormant powers are aroused, and it combines immediately with the
hydrogen and carbon of the burning mass.
This invention depends upon the practical application of this principle in the construc-

page_text: tion of stoves and hot air furnaces and such application overcomes the difficulty
heretofore encountered in producing combustion in stoves and a large gain in heat
is thereby produced coupled with great economy in the use of fuel.
In specifying this invention refereece is had to the drawings filed with the
provisional specification, like letters indicating corresponding parts in all the figures, in
which
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a stove, showing the invention applied thereto, the
outer shell being partly broken away. Fig. 2 shows a plan of the lower supplemental
heating chamber at the base of the stove under the base heating flue chamber. Fig. 3
shows a plan of the base heating flue chamber which is located over the lower supple-
mental heating chamber shown in figure 2. Fig. 4. shows a plan of the upper
supplemental hot air chamber located on top of the chamber shown in figure 3 and
which receives the cold outside air. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section illustrating more
clearly the arrangement of the air chamber and their passages. Fig. 6 shows the
application of this invention to a hot air furnace. Figs. 78 and 9 are the plans of
the chambers attached to the furnace corresponding to those shown in figs. 2 3 and 4;
and fig. 10 is a detached detail in section showing the hot air feeding pipe and its
cut-off connection.
The invention will be first explained as applied to an ordinary base burning stove
as illustrated in figs. 1 to 5 of the drawings.
A indicates a stove of the class named provided with the usual firepot B, feeding
magazine M and other necessary appurtenances. The base of the stove, the ash-pit is
composed of three chambers denoted, respectively in the drawings as 1, 2 and 3.
These chambers are preferably constructed as best shown in the sectional view fig. 5
the bottom of 3 forming the top of 2 and the bottom of 2 forming the top of 1.
2 is the base heating flue chamber heated in the well known manner of all base
burning stoves the products of combustion passing from the fire pot B into the down-
ward fluo a to the flue chamber 2 from which they ascend the flue to the chimney.
On the top and bottom of 2 are placed the upper supplemental hot air chamber 3
heated by radiation and the lower supplemental heating air chamber 1.
Connected to the upper supplemental hot air chamber 3 is the cold air supply
pipe E which introduces fresh cold air from without the house in which the stove may be
placed. This chamber 3 as will be observed upon referring to the drawings owing to
its location between the base heating flue chamber 2 and the ash pit of the stove is
heated intensely hot by radiation from above and below and the fresh cold air intro-
duced therein from the outside of the building is taken directly through the hot air
flues cc into the hot air storage chamber J at the top of the stove and diffused into
the room through the escape orifices or openings D D.
It is well understood that when hot air or radiated is taken into a room that the
cold heavy air of a room is displaced as the hot air rises and it settles toward the
bottom of the room.
This displaced air is utilized as follows viz.: The lower supplemental heating
air chamber 1 is located underneath the base heating chamber 2 as described and is
provided with the inlet F figures 1 and 2 opening into the room where the stove
is placed.
On the interior of 1 the divisions or passages G G G are provided as the best
shown in figure 2 and the hot air pipe H connected as shown in said figure. The
displaced air of the room, which is often impure, rushes into the inlet Fund passes
through the divisions G G becoming heated from the radiations of the base heating
flue chamber 2 the divisions G G G serving to retard the current of air thereby
increasing the heat as it passes upward into the hot air feed pipe H.
The hot air pipe H has its exit end located just above the fire pot B and the hot
air passing through it is discharged into the gases of combustion, supplying the
necessary oxygen to unite with said gases to produce combustion.
It will be observed that the chamber 1 and hot air pipe H perform a twofold office
in operation of the stove i.e. in removing the impure or vitiated air from the room,
thus ventilating it, and in supplying hot air to the combustion chamber.

page_text: •
The operation of the invention will readily be apparent from the foregoing and it is
only necessary to direct attention to the fact that by reason of the supply of heated
air through the pipe H to the products of combustion a circulation of hot air is
obtained to supply heated oxygen directly to the gases, with which it combines. By
this means a uniform surface of combustion equally over and through the burning
mass in the fire pot is gained without the necessity of the powerful direct draft
through the grate essential to the present construction of stoves and since the gases
are caused to combine with the supply of heated oxygen in the process of combustion
and by the extra heat cause additional draft compressions of gas in the stove causing
the heretofore annoying dangerous leakage of gas through crevices and imperfect
joints in to the rooms to poison the air are obviated and overcome. It is obvious also
that great economy in the use of fuel accrues from the described construction owing
to the fact that the combustible gases are consumed and the heat produced therefrom
fully utilized both from direct radiation and by means of the heated air given out
from the storage chamber J.
For the purpose of controlling the operation of the stove and checking its action
the cut off device which is illustrated in the detached sectional view fig. 10 is provided
with an extension H' connected to the downward flue a which is adjustably connected
to the hot air pipe by a damper K by means of which the supply of hot air to the fire
pot can be regulated or wholly cut off at will as desired.
At figs. 6 to 9 an application of the invention to a hot air furnace is illustrated.
In this case the construction differs from that of the stove simply in the construction
and connection of the cold air pipes and the arrangement of the hot air pipes for
supplying hot air for heating purposes. Of course the dimensions of all the parts are
enlarged.
In these figures A represents the hot air furnace provided with the fire pot B and
with the hot air flues C C leading up from the supplemental hot air chamber 3 at the
base of the furnace into the hot air chamber J at the top thereof the same as in the
stove. The downward flue a connects with the base heating chamber 2 and the uptake
flue as in the stove and the hot air pipe H is connected to the lower supplemental
heating air chamber 1 as in the stove said air chamber being divided into passages G GG
as in the stove. The upper end of the hot air pipe H has its discharge above the fire
pot B as illustrated in figure 6. In this case the inlet F is elongated to connect with
the base of the rooms to be heated, since it is customary to set hot air furnaces in the
cellar or basement of the buildings where they are used and the fresh cold air pipe
arranged in any desired manner according to the location of the furnace. In fact
the description of the stoves describes the upper hot air furnace with the exception of
the hot air chamber 3 is preferably divided into passages III like the lower supple-
mental heating air chamber 1 for the purpose of giving more circulation to the air
over the radiating surfaces allowance being made for the difference in dimensions
and the location of the furnace. In both cases the most desirable results accrue
from the use of the invention.
It is obvious that the invention can be applied to any form of stove by modifying
the construction of the parts to the desired form. The invention therefore is not
restricted in this respect to the forms illustrated herein having been selected simply
for the purpose of exemplification.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent and in what manner the same is
to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a base burning stove or hot air furnace the combination with the base
heating flue chamber the fire pot and flue a of a supplemental heating chamber
located against the base heating flue chamber and the hot air pipe H connecting said
chamber with the fire pot and having its discharge end located at the top of the fire
pot to feed hot air from the supplemental heating chamber into the products of
combustion substantially as described.
2. In combination the fire pot B the base heating chamber 2, flue a supplemental

page_text: heating chamber 1 and hot air feed pipe H all constructed and arranged substantially
as and for the purpose specified.
3. In a base burning stove or hot air furnace in combination the fire pot and
combustion chamber B the hot air pipe H extending above the fire pot the extension H'
connected with the downward flue a the damper K located between pipes H H¹
for turning the hot air either into the fire pot or flue a the downward flue a and the
smoke exit flue ball substantially as and for the purpose specified.
4. The combination in a base heating stove or furnace of a hot flue combustion
chamber 2 and a supplemental heating air chamber 3 attached to said hot flue
chamber and a supplemental heating air chamber 1 located below said hot flue
chamber and attached thereto the hot air pipe H the firepot B the downward flue a
and the exit flue 6 substantially as described.
5. The combination in a base heating stove or furnace of a supplemental heating
air chamber located below the ash pit and above the hot flue chamber the bottom
thereof forming the top of the hot flue chamber, the hot flue chamber, the bottom
thereof forming the top of a supplemental heating air chamber located below said hot
flue chamber and the supplemental heating air chamber the hot air feed pipe H
passing through the hot flue chamber 2 and supplemental heating air chamber 3
fire pot B the flue a the hot air conduits cc and the smoke exit 6 substantially as
and for the purposes specified.
6. The combination of the supplemental heating air-chamber 1 provided with the
divisions G G G the inlet F pipe H the fire pot and combustion chamber B the
downward flue a the hot flue 2 and the exit flue ball substantially as and for the
purpose specified.