Improvements in the Treatment of and Improved Products from the Seed of the Locust Bean.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 27th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 6th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment of and Improved Products from the
Seed of the Locust Bean.
We, JAMES PEARSON, of 21, Needham Road, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Agent, and FRANK HENRY TAUNTON, of 11, Adelaide Terrace,
Waterloo, in the County of Lancaster, Secretary, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to produce from locust bean seed substances or
products of the kind hereinafter specified of a commercially useful nature and form,
and which shall possess the quality of keeping, for a reasonable and desirable length
of time.
The seed of the locust bean is covered with a shell, and the kernel within the
shell is built up of two practically equal halves, which are separated yet secured
together by a considerable thickness of matter different as regards its construction
from that of the halves forming the kernel. We found by experiments with these
seeds for the production therefrom of materials, products, or substances as herein-
after specified that if the seed is used whole-whether the outer skin be removed
or not the product will not keep the desired length of time; but we find that by
first removing the shell, then splitting the seeds, and removing this "division"
substance, the said products will keep for a long time; and according to this
invention, this seed of the locust bean is, after being ridded of its shell, cracked,
and the material forming a lamina between the two halves of each seed is removed,
and the seed thus entirely cleaned, upon which clean and prepared seed we operate
to produce the substances hereinafter specified. Besides the keeping properties,
the product, when liquid, will remain in a vessel for a long time without dis-
coloration or the formation of sediment, whereas when unprepared and not treated
as herein described it becomes foul, discolored, and a sediment takes place.
Two products are according to this invention obtained from these seeds; an
extract in liquid form, and a solid.
In the treatment of the prepared and cleaned seed, we heat or boil it in water,
milk, or other suitable liquid in a suitable vessel for several hours say, by which
there is produced a decoction or extract. The contents of this vessel are then
placed in a filter, filter bag, or strainer, and put under pressure, whereby a liquid
extract is pressed out and residual non-liquid substance remains.
After this the liquid extract so obtained is preferably again boiled or cooked (by
which it is somewhat concentrated) whereby its keeping powers are improved; that
is to say, it may be kept when so treated, for a long time without fear of becoming
foul or putrid.
This liquid matter so produced may be used as a substitute wholly for, or it may
be mixed with wax or other material and be used as an adhesive lubricant or as size
in weaving and other operations in the manufacture of textile goods or fabrics. It
may be used as a substitute where oil, tallow, wax, or other viscous or greasy
matters are used.
It may be also used in finishing textile goods as a loading for same and analogous
purposes after bleaching or at other periods of manufacture.
This substance or material may also be used in the manufacture of paper to be
used as a substitute for or in conjunction with materials employed to give a glaze to
the paper, and adhesive properties to the pulp.
In saine cases, and under a further part of this invention, the extract or decoction
is poured onto a hot surface thereby producing a dry cake. In this form it may be

page_text: used as a substitute for or as isinglass, finings, glaze, size, gelatines, glue, gum, and
the like.
As regards the non-liquid portion of the material or matter produced as above
described, this, according to one treatment we take and boil or cook at a boiling or
higher temperature in water or other suitable liquid, and this is boiled until it
comes to the condition of a firm jelly, and in this form is suitable for use as a basis
It
for soap (or as a soap) as a detergent, or as a toilet requisite, and similar uses.
may be also used in cuisinerie, as for instance in jellies, soups, and confections, and
the like; or for any other purposes to which it may be applicable.
In lieu of treating the non-liquid portion as just described, it may be boiled or
cooked with water or other suitable liquid, until it is reduced to a dry paste, and
into a dry cake, in which state it may be used as a cattle feeding stuff, or for or in
human food. Or, in some cases again, this dry cake may be crushed and reduced
to a granulated state, in which condition it may be used in soups, jellies, or as a
food or ingredient in food for human use; or for or in cattle feeding stuffs; or for
any other purpose for which it may be found suitable.
It is to be stated that the purposes for which it may be used are not restricted to
those mentioned, nor is the invention restricted to the exact method of treatment
specified.
As a means of cleaning the locust bean seeds and removing the material or
substance from between the half split seeds, we may employ rollers or grinding
tools, such as emery wheels, which may revolve in opposite directions, or relatively
in such a manner, as to grind off the parts or substances it is desired to remove from
said seeds; and grooves may be provided by which the half seeds would be guided
or held when being operated upon and passed through the machine. Also for
separating the liquid and non-liquid portions of the extract, suitable straining or
filtering apparatus by which pressure can be exerted to force out or through the
liquid portion may be employed.
Dated 1:04h 1
Othan 1002
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment of and Improved Products from the
Seed of the Locust Bean.
We, JAMES PEARSON, of 21 Needham Road, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Agent, and FRANK HENRY TAUNTON, of 11 Adelaide Terrace,
Waterloo, in the County of Lancaster, Secretary, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object to produce from locust bean seed substances or
products of the kind hereinafter specified of a commercially useful nature and form,
and which shall possess the quality of keeping, for a reasonable and desirable length
of time.
The seed of the locust bean is covered with a shell, and the kernel within the
shell is built up of two practically equal halves, which are separated yet secured
together by a considerable thickness of matter different as regards its construction
from that of the halves forming the kernel. We found by experiments with these
seeds for the production therefrom of materials, products, or substances as herein-
after specified that if the seed is used whole-whether the outer skin be removed or
not the product will not keep the desired length of time; but we find that by first
removing the shell, then splitting the seeds, and removing this "division" substance,
--which includes the germ, then the said products will keep for a long time;

page_text: and according to this invention, this seed of the locust bean is, after being ridded of
its shell, cracked, and the material forming a lamina between the two halves of each
seed removed, and the seed thus entirely cleaned; upon which clean and prepared
seed we operate to produce the substances hereinafter specified. Besides the
keeping properties, the product, when liquid, will remain in a vessel for a long
time without discoloration or the formation of sediment, whereas when unprepared
and not treated as herein described it becomes foul, discolored, and a sediment
takes place.
Two products are according to this invention obtained from these seeds; an
extract in liquid form, and a solid.
In the treatment of the prepared and cleaned seed, we heat or boil it in water,
milk, or other suitable liquid, at the rate of about 3 or 4 gallons to the pound of
seed, in a suitable vessel for several hours, say about five or six hours, stirring it
occasionally, by which there is produced a decoction or extract. The liquid
contents of this vessel are then poured off or decanted; or the contents are. placed
in a filter, filter bag, or strainer, and put under pressure, a liquid extract being
pressed out and the residual non-liquid substance remaining.
After this, the decanted liquid extract so obtained is again boiled or cooked (by
which it is somewhat concentrated) about two hours, whereby its keeping powers
are improved; that is to say, it may be kept when so treated, for a long time
without fear of becoming foul or putrid.
The liquid is then passed through strainers, when it is fit for storing, which is
done in suitable vessels.
This liquid matter so produced may be used as a substitute wholly for, or it may
be mixed with, wax or other material, and be used as an adhesive lubricant, or as
size in weaving and other operations in the manufacture of textile goods or fabrics.
It may be used as a substitute where oil, tallow, wax, or other viscous or greasy
matters are used.
It may be also used in finishing textile goods as a loading for same and analogous
purposes after bleaching or at other periods of manufacture.
This substance or material may also be used in the manufacture of paper to be
used as a substitute for or in conjunction with materials employed to give a glaze to
the paper, and adhesive properties to the pulp.
In some cases, and under a further part of this invention, the extract or decoction
is poured onto a hot surface thereby producing a dry cake. In this form it may be
used as a substitute for or as isinglass, finings, glaze, size, gelatines, glue, gum, and
the like.
As regards the non-liquid portion of the material or matter produced as above
described, this, according to one treatment we take and boil or cook at a boiling or
higher temperature in water or other suitable liquid, and this is boiled until it
comes to the condition of a firm jelly, and in this form is suitable for use as a basis
for soap (or as a soap) as a detergent, or as a toilet requisite, and similar uses.
It may be also used in cuisineric, as for instance in jellies, soups, and confections,
and the like, or for any other purposes to which it may be applicable.
In lieu of treating the non-liquid portion as just described, it may be boiled or
cooked with water or other suitable liquid, until it is reduced to a dry paste, and
into a dry cake, in which state it may be used as a cattle feeding stuff, or for or in
hunian food. Or, in some cases again, this dry cake may be crushed and reduced
to a granulated state, in which condition it may be used in soups, jellies, or as a
food or ingredient in food for human use; or for or in cattle feeding stuffs; or for
any other purpose for which it may be found suitable.
As a means of cleaning the locust bean seeds and removing the material or
substance from between the half split seeds, we may employ rollers or grinding
tools, such as emery wheels. In the case of wheels or rollers such as emery wheels
being used to remove the "division" material and germ, one of the wheels would
be grooved, and one plain surface, so that the way or space between the rollers
would correspond in form with that of the half, and these wheels in some cases

page_text: are revolved in opposite directions at different speeds so that the half seeds
would be retained by one of the rollers and fed forward through them by the
other. By these we grind off the parts or substances it is desired to remove from
said seeds.
As another means of cleaning the seed and removing those parts of it which are
objectionable, the split seed is treated in a revolving box or vessel by which they
are continuously turned over and rubbed one against the other, and there may be
mixed with the seed as above described, abrasive or hard substances by which the
removal is facilitated.
After the cleaning processes, the powdery matters are removed by winnowing or
equivalently operating upon the material.
It is to be stated that the purposes for which the substance or substances
produced as described may be used, are not necessarily limited or restricted to
those mentioned, since it may be applied to any purposes analogous or equivalent
to those specified or any of the purposes to which it may be or is found
suitable.
Having particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, it is to be stated in conclusion that prior
to this invention, we are aware that the seeds of locust beans have been used as or
in cattle feeding stuffs. For instance, for making cattle feeding stuff they have
been first split and then cleaned or winnowed, and then an extract obtained from
them by steeping or boiling in water, the liquid extract so obtained having been
used for feeding cows and horses, etc. It has also been used and is used in cattle
feeding cake, being mixed with other substances or materials used in such cake.
We are also aware that it has been proposed to obtain a liquid extract by certain
processes from the seeds and use it for some of the uses hereinbefore specified. To
these processes, therefore, we make no general claim, the improvements, the
subject of this invention, existing in the methods of treating or operating upon
the seeds as and by the means herein before described, which improvements are
hereinafter more particularly specified, referred to, or pointed out in the following
claiming clauses: that to say, what is claimed in respect of this invention is :—
1. The herein described treatment of the seed of locust beans for the production
of matters as described therefrom, consisting in first cracking or splitting the seeds,
and then removing the division substance or objectionable matters therefrom, and
then subsequently boiling or heating the same in water or milk, or water and milk,
and then removing the liquid portion, and subsequently boiling or heating same a
second time; substantially as herein set forth for the purposes specified.
2. The mode or process, particularly as herein described, of obtaining liquid
extracts of the nature, and having the qualities specified, from the seed of locust
beans for the purposes specified.
3. The mode or process particularly as herein specified of obtaining solid matters
of the nature and having the qualities specified, from the seed of locust beans; for
the purposes specified.
Dated the 25th dow of Anost 1803
18 26th day of Anomet
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.