Improvements in Channel Junctions and Channels for Inspection Chambers of Drains and Sewers.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Nov., 1896
Complete Specification Lefr, 15th June, 1897-Accepted, 31st July, 1897
Improvements in Channel Junctions and Channels for Inspection
Chambers of Drains and Sewers.
I, EDWARD ALBERT GREEN, of 16, Rock Street, Sheffield, Building Surveyor to
City Urban Authority, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be aв
follows:-
This invention relates to channel junctions and channels for. the passage of
drainage through inspection chambers.
The improved channel junctions and channels, are made of vitrified and glazed or
enamelled earthen or stone ware, or any other suitable material, and of any required
size.
The improved channel junctions and channels are, according to their formation
respectively, fixed at different levels in the inspection chamber, the bottom of some
of the channel junctions and channels, being connected to the top of other channel
junctions and channels, by a horizontal spigot and socket joint.
The improved channel junctions and channels, are made on their outer side either
in the form of blocks, of a square angled cross section, or pipes, of a curved cross
section, the bottom of the interior of the channels in either case being of a
semicircular cross section, but the depth of the interior of the channels is greater
than the radius of their respective semicircular bottoms.
The improved channel junctions for fixing at the lower level in the inspection
chamber, are formed with a main channel having a vertical socket at its rear or
receiving end, and a spigot at its discharging end. A junction channel enters the
side of the main channel, on either or both of its sides, in the direction of the flow,
and at a horizontal angle of forty five degrees, or other suitable angle. The bottom
of the junction channel is formed with a slight fall towards and on to the bottom of
the main channel, and the outer or receiving end of the junction channel, into which
the drainage falls from the channel fixed at the higher level, is cupped, or curved
upwards from the bottom of the channel to nearly the top edge of the channel, to
make the end of the channel terminate in the form of a quarter sphere, and to be
seinicircular in plan at its top. Around the top of the semicircular end of the
junction channel, a socket is horizontally formed, to receive in part a horizontally
circular spigot, formed on the underside of the hereinafter described improved
channel junctions and channels, for fixing at the higher level in the inspection
chamber.
The improved channels which are made single, for fixing at the lower level in the
inspection chamber, are formed with a spigot at their discharging. end, and with a fall
at the bottom of the channel, and a cupped socketted semicircular end, similar to the
junction channel last described. These improved single channels are for fixing to
receive drainage falling from the upper channels, and are fixed at the extreme rear
end of the inspection chamber.
The improved channels which are made single, for fixing at the higher level in the
inspection chamber, are formed with a vertical socket at the rear or receiving end.

page_text: And with the bottom of the channel having a slight fall towards the discharging end,
around which the sides of the channel, are. continued in the form of a semicircle in
plan, and in such a manner as to leave a circular opening through the bottom of the
channel, for the passage of. drainage into the 'improved lower junction channels and
single channels herein before described, and from which opening is dependent a
horizontal circular spigot, for connecting with the socket formed at the top of the
receiving end of such lower junction channels and single channels. The semicircular
discharging end of the improved single channels is canopied, or curved to overhang
the circular perforation in the bottom of the channel in the form of a quarter
sphere.
The improved channel junctions for fixing at the higher level in the inspection
chamber, are formed to combine two or three small single channels respectively, such
as is last described to converge and deliver drainage through one large perforation at
the discharging end.
The improved lower and higher single channels, are also formed to taper in plan,
from a small size at their receiving end, to a larger size at their discharging end.
The arrangement and construction of the spigot and socket joint connection,
between the improved lower and higher channel junctions and single channels, allows
of the spigot revolving within the socket, so as to make the higher single channels
and channel junctions adjustable, for forming connections with lines of drain from
any direction, thus rendering the present use of channel bends in inspection
chambers unnecessary.
The arrangement and construction of the canopied discharging end of the improved
higher single channels and channel junctions, prevents the splashing and fouling by
drainage of the sides of the inspection chamber, now so common with the use of
existing drainage channels.
I do not confine myself strictly to the limited application of my invention as
herein before described, as I can adapt the novel principles of my invention in
numerous ways for the purposes hereinbefore described.
Dated this Twenty-first day of November 1896.
Improvements in Channel Junctions and Channels for Inspection
Chambers of Drains and Sewers.
I, EDWARD ALBERT GREEN, of 16, Rock Street, Sheffield, Building Surveyor to
City Urban Authority, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:
This invention relates to channel junctions and channels for the passage of drainage
through inspection chambers.
The improved channel junctions and channels, are made of vitrified and glazed
or enamelled earthen or stoneware, or any other suitable material, and of any
required size.
The improved channel junctions and channels are, according to their formation
respectively, fixed at different levels in the inspection chamber, the bottom of some of
the channel junctions and channels, being connected to the top of other channel
junctions and channels, by a horizontal spigot and socket joint.
In the systems now in general use for forming the bottoms of inspection chambers,

page_text: for the passage of drainage or sewerage, rebated or socketted channel blocks or pipes
are used. These are fixed to form a central main channel, into which; over one or
both edges, the drainage is conducted by a series of channel bends of different
radius, fitted on to the edges of the central main channel, as shown in the annexed.
drawing Figure 1, Sheet 1, left hand side, or otherwise; the central main channel is
formed with a series of channel blocks or pipes, having oblique or curved junction
channels piercing its sides, such junction channels having rebated or socketted joints
nt their outer ends, for connecting with a series of channel block or pipe bends of
different radius, through which the drainage is conducted into the central main
channel, as shown in the annexed drawing Figure 1, Sheet 1, right hand side.
These systems are open to objection, because they impose some restriction on the
position of the inspection chamber, and on account of the troublesome number of
channel bends required of different radius, to accommodate the lines of drain running
in various directions, and also because the drainage from the channel bends and the
junction channels, leaps over or out of the central main channel, on to the opposite
sides of the inspection chamber, thus splashing and fouling them.
By my
improvements in the formation of channel junctions and channels, and by my
improved method and use of a horizontal spigot and socket joint between the lower
and higher channel junctions and channels, I provide a superior system, which permits
of the inspection chamber being placed anywhere, makes the upper channels and
channel junctions adjustable, for connecting with any line of drain-thus rendering
the use of channel bends unnecessary, and secures a more uniforın and controlled
action of the drainage passing through the channel junctions and channels, thereby
preventing the splashing and fouling of the sides of the inspection chamber.
In order that iny invention may be fully understood, I annex drawings, Sheet 2.
The improved channel junctions for fixing at the lower level in the inspection
chamber, are made in plan, in the forms lettered R. L. D. M. Y.
The improved channels for fixing at the lower level in the inspection chamber, are
made in plan, in the formns lettered S. T. O.
The improved channels for fixing at the higher level in the inspection chamber, are
made in plan, in the forms lettered I. J.
The improved channel junctions for fixing at the higher level in the inspection
chaniber, are made in plan, in the forms lettered U. V. W.
Figure A is a longitudinal vertical section, on the line a, b, in Figure R.
Figure B is a longitudinal vertical section, on the line c, d, in Figure J.
All the improved channel junctions and channels, are made on their outer side,
either in the form of blocks, of a square angled cross section-as shown at C, or
pipes, of a curved cross section-as shown at E,-the bottom of the interior of the
channels in either case being of a semicircular cross section, but the depth of the
interior of the channels is greater than the radius of their respective semicircular
bottoms.
. The improved channel junctions for fixing at the lower level in the inspection
chamber, are formed as at R. L. D,-with a main channel having a vertical
socket-e, at the rear or receiving end, and a spigot-f,-at the discharging end.
A junction channel enters the side of the main channel, on either-as at R and L,-
or both of its sides-as at D,-in the direction of the flow, and at a horizontal angle
of forty five degrees, or other suitable angle. The bottom of the junction channel,
is formed with a slight fall towards and on to the bottom of the main channel, and
the outer or receiving end of the junction channel, into which the drainage falls from
the channel fixed at the higher level, is cupped, or curved upwards from the bottom
of the channel to nearly the top edge of the channel-as shown in section at A,-to
make the end of the channel terminate in the form of a quarter sphere, and to be
semicircular in plan at its top, as shown at R. L. D.
Around the top of the semicircular end of the junction channel, a socket-h, as
shown in section at A,-is horizontally formned, to receive in part a horizontally
circular spigot, formed on the underside of the hereinafter described improved

page_text: channel junctions and channels, for fixing at the higher level in the inspection
chamber.
Modified forms of the lower channel junctions are shown at M, and Y. These 1
name terminals, and they are adapted for fixing to receive drainage at the extreme
rear end of the inspection chamber.
The improved channels which are made single-as shown at S and T, for fixing
at the lower level in the inspection chamber, are formed with a spigot-fat their
discharging end, and with a fall at the bottom of the channel, and a cupped socketted
semicircular end, similar to the junction channels previously described. These
improved single channels-which I also name terininals,-are for fixing to receive
drainage falling from the upper channels, at the extreme rear end of the inspection
chamber.
Straight lengths of lower single channel-as at 0-which I name a lengthner, are
used with the lower channel junctions and channels, to lengthen the inspection
chamber if required.
The improved channels which are made single, for fixing at the higher level in the
inspection chamber, are formed-as at I and J,--with a vertical socket-e-at the
rear or receiving end, and with the bottom of the channel having a slight fall
towards the discharging end-as shown in section at B,-around which the sides of the
channel are continued in the form of a semicircle in plan, and in such a manner as to
leave a circular opening-i-through the bottom of the channel, for the passage of
drainage into the improved lower channel junctions and single channels hereinbefore
described, and from and around which opening is dependent a horizontally circular
spigot-as shown at j. j. in section B, for connecting with the socket formed at the
top of the receiving end of such lower channel junctions and single channels. The
semicircular discharging end of the improved single channels is canopied, or curved-
as shown at in section B,-to overhang the circular perforation or opening in the
bottom of the channel in the form of a quarter sphere.
The improved channel junctions for fixing at the higher level in the inspection
chamber are formed-as at U and V,-to combine two, or :-as at W,-three single
channels respectively such as is last described, to converge and deliver drainage
through one perforation at the discharging end.
The improved lower and higher single channels are also formed to taper in plan
from a small size at their receiving end, to a larger size at their discharging end, as
shown at T and J respectively.
The arrangement and construction of the spigot and socket joint connection
between the improved lower and higher channel junctions and single channels, allows
of the spigot revolving within the socket, so as to make the higher single channels
and channel junctions adjustable for forming connections with lines of drain from any
direction thus rendering the present use of channel bends in inspection chambers
unnecessary, see Sections A and B.
The arrangement and construction of the canopied discharging end of the improved
higher single channels and channel junctions, in conjunction with the inore uniform
and controlled action given to the drainage coming from any direction by the
arrangement and construction of the cupped end of the improved lower channel
junctions and channels, along with the increased depth of the improved channels
generally prevents the splashing and fouling by drainage of the sides of the
inspection chamber now 80 common with the use of existing forms of drainage
'channel.
The improved higher single channels and channel junctions are left open at the
top, except where they are canopied, so that the drains connected to them may be
easily rodded to remove obstructions.
I do not confine myself strictly to the limited application of my invention as
described and illustrated herein as I can adapt the novel principles of my invention
in numerous ways in inspection chambers for the purposes hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said.

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. In an inspection chamber the improved channel junctions and channels of the
combined cupped and socketted form and section substantially described and
illustrated herein and as set forth.
2. In an inspection chamber the improved channels and channel junctions of the
combined encircled spigotted and canopied form and section substantially described
and illustrated herein and as set forth.
3. In an inspection chamber the improved combined arrangement construction
method and use of the cupped and socketted channel junctions and channels and the
encircled spigotted and canopied channels and channel junctions substantially as and
for the purposes described and illustrated herein and as set forth.
Dated this Fourteenth day of June 1897.