Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for the Production of Super-heated Steam, and its Application in Steam Engines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Aug., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 16th May, 1893-Accepted, 29th July, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for the Production
of Super-heated Steam, and its Application in Steam Engines.
I, ALEXANDER BRATOLUBOFF of Znamenka Vagankovsky Peroulok Moscow
in the Empire of Russia, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
Although it has been shown that theoretically there are great advantages gained
by the use of superheated steam for motive power and for other objects, its practical
application meets with numerous difficulties, and especially those resulting from the
impossibility (from want of a suitable apparatus) of obtaining steam at a given
temperature, and maintaining this temperature constant for the time required.
I have succeeded in overcoming these difficulties by the construction of an
apparatus which admits of the superheating of steam to any required temperature
and of the maintenance of this temperature so long as required; the constancy
of the temperature being such that its variations do not equal 1° for twenty four
hours.
The details of construction of an apparatus in accordance with my invention are
shown by way of example in the annexed drawings.
Figure 1 is a vertical and Figure 2 a horizontal section.
The apparatus consists in a series of tubes a preferably of iron, arranged in two
or several superheating chambers I, II. These chambers are separated by brick
arches 6b, and moreover the lower portion of each chamber enclosing the tubes a a,
is separated from the upper portion by a thin brick arch c, thus channels are formed
for conveying the hot gases.
The essential point in the apparatus is that the tubes which are joined together
in such a manner as to form a continuous worm, are laid in a bed of any material
which is a bad conductor of heat for example in a bed of sand, with which the
lower portion of each chamber I, II is filled.
On account of this and also because the bed of sand is itself protected by the
brick arches b and c from the direct action of the hot gases, it follows that the
heating of the tubes becomes perfectly regular and that the temperature of the steam
passing through these tubes will be maintained perfectly constant, provided that
the length of the worm formed by the tubes be sufficient.
Steam generated in any kind of boiler comes by the tube d, provided with a
regulating cock e into the first tube of the upper row of tubes arranged in the upper
chamber II of the apparatus. Steam passes consecutively through the tubes of the
two (or a greater number of) rows in this chamber and comes down into the first
tube of the upper row of the tubes arranged in the chamber directly beneath if
there be more than two chambers and so on until the lower chamber I is reached.
The steam in coming out of the end tube of the lower row in this chamber is led to
its destination by the tube f provided with a cock and a thermometer g.
The products of combustion take a directly opposite path to that of the steam.
They enter into the upper portion of the lower chamber, they then pass into the
upper portion of the next chamber (immediately above) and so on, and leave by
the chimney after having passed through the upper portion of the highest chamber
of the apparatus.
In the example shewn in the drawings, the furnace is arranged for burning
naphtha or petroleum, but it is obvious that any other combustible may be employed
by suitably arranging the furnace or the heating chamber.
Another characteristic point of my apparatus is the means for adjusting at will
the ultimate temperature of the steam at its exit from the apparatus. These means

page_text: consist in the addition of a tube h provided with a cock by which a portion of the
steam may be admitted into a row of tubes a nearer the furnace and consequently
nearer the exit of the steam.
In the example shown in the drawing, the tube h opens into the first tube of the
upper row in the lower chamber I. It is obvious that this arrangement allows of
adding to the superheated steam a sufficient quantity of less hot steam coming
directly from the boiler and thus controlling the resulting temperature of the steam.
The apparatus is provided with one or several pyrometers showing the temperature
of the sand or other material in the chambers I, II &c. The steam pipe f is
provided with a thermometer g, which may be connected with any automatic alarm
arrangement. This thermometer may also be made to control the cock of the
additional tube A in such a manner as to automatically open this cock when the
temperature of the superheated steam rises above the point predetermined.
Dated this 17th day of August 1892.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for the Production
of Super-heated Steam, and its Application in Steam Engines.
I, ALEXANDER BRATOLUBOFF, of Znamenka Vagankovsky Peroulok, Moscow
in the Empire of Russia, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Although it has been shown that theoretically there are great advantages gained
by the use of superheated steam for motive power and for other objects, its practical
application meets with numerous difficulties and especially those resulting from the
impossibility (from want of a suitable apparatus) of obtaining steam at a given
temperature, and maintaining this temperature constant for the time required.
I have succeeded in overcoming these difficulties by the construction of an
apparatus which admits of the superheating of steam to any required temperature
and of the maintenance of this temperature so long as required; the constancy
of the temperature being such that its variations do not equal 1° for twenty four
hours.
The details of construction of an apparatus in accordance with my invention are
shewn by way of example in the drawings left with the Provisional Specification.
Figure 1 is a vertical and Figure 2 a horizontal section.
The apparatus consists in a series of tubes a preferably of iron, arranged in two
or several superheating chambers I, II. These chambers are separated by brick
arches bb, and moreover the lower portion of each chamber enclosing the tubes a a,
is separated from the upper portion by a thin brick arch c, thus channels are formed
for conveying the hot gases.
The essential point in the apparatus is that the tubes which are joined together
in such a manner as to form a continuous worm are laid in a bed of any material
which is a bad conductor of heat for example in a bed of sand, with which the lower
portion of each chamber I, II is filled.
On account of this and also because the bed of sand is itself protected by the
brick arches b and c from the direct action of the hot gases, it follows that the
heating of the tubes becomes perfectly regular and that the temperature of the steam
passing through these tubes will be maintained perfectly constant, provided that
the length of the worm formed by the tubes be sufficient.
Steam generated in any kind of boiler comes by the tube d, provided with a
regulating cock e into the first tube of the upper row of tubes arranged in the upper
chamber II of the apparatus. Steam passes consecutively through the tubes of the
two (or greater number of) rows in this chamber and comes down into the first tube

page_text: of the upper row of the tubes arranged in the chamber directly beneath if there be
more than two chambers and so on until the lower chamber I is reached. The
steam in coming out of the end tube of the lower row in this chamber is led to its
destination by the tube f provided with a cock and a thermometer g.
The products of combustion take a directly opposite path to that of the steam..
They enter into the upper portion of the lower chamber, they then pass into the
upper portion of the next chamber (immediately above) and so on, and leave by
the chimney after having passed through the upper portion of the highest chamber
of the apparatus.
In the example shewn in the drawings, the furnace is arranged for burning
naphtha or petroleum, but it is obvious that any other combustible may be employed
by suitably arranging the furnace or the heating chamber.
Another characteristic point of my apparatus is the means for adjusting at will
the ultimate temperature of the steam at its exit from the apparatus. These means
consist in the addition of a tube h provided wth a cock by which a portion of the
steam may be admitted into a row of tubes a nearer the furnace and consequently
nearer the exit of the steam.
In the example shown in the drawing, the tube opens into the first tube of the
upper row in the lower chamber 1. It is obvious that this arrangement allows of
adding to the superheated steam a sufficient quantity of less hot steam coming
directly from the boiler and thus controlling the resulting temperature of the
steam.
The apparatus is provided with one or several pyrometers showing the temperature
of the sand or other material in the chambers I, II &c. The steam pipe fis
provided with a thermometer g, which may be connected with any automatic alarm
arrangement. This thermometer may also be made to control the cock of the
additional tube in such a manner as to automatically open this cock when the
temperature of the superheated steam rises above the point predetermined.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. The arrangement of tubes serving to superheat steam in a bed of heat non-
conducting material enclosed on all sides by brickwork walls or arches which
protect it from the direct action of the products of combustion or heated gases,
substantially as described.
2. The provision of a steam pipe substantially as described to regulate at will
the resulting temperature of the steam superheated in the apparatus.
Dated this 26th day of April 1893.
ALEXANDER BRATOLUBOFF.