IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS OR STUDS TO BE USED FOR FASTENING THE SHIRT, THE FALSE COLLAR, AND THE CRAVAT OR BOW CRAVAT, LADIES' COLLARS AND CRAVATS, OR OTHER WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isidore Hayem at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th July
1866.
I, ISIDORE HAYEM, junior, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris, Empire of
France, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS OR STUDS TO BE USED FOR FASTENING THE SHIRT, THE
FALSE COLLAR, AND THE CRAVAT OR BOW CRAVAT, LADIES' COLLARS AND CRAVATS, OR
OTHER WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of buttons or studs constructed
as hereafter described for maintaining in a suitable position the buttons
uniting the two sides or the two button holes of the neck band of a shirt, as
well as the two of the false collar. The outer extremity of the said button is
formed with a notch, in which a hook fixed to the back of of the knot of the
cravat takes, whereby a simple knot may be immediately fixed, or a knot and
a cravat.
My Invention also consists in the employment of another kind of button,
which has always a flat part or two rods with sufficient space between them
to prevent the button from turning when engaged in the four button holes.
A portion of the shank is somewhat enlarged and rounded to facilitate the
passage of the button holes and to keep them well beyond the enlarged

page_text: portion; the shank is also made somewhat eliptical, and one end screw threaded;
with this button the knot of the cravat may carry a plate decorated with a
jewel or other ornament, and this plate has an aperture corresponding with
the eliptical portion of the shank in order to assure a regular position for the
knot of the cravat; then the jewel being free to turn in this additional piece,
it is screwed on to the end of the button shank.
The accompanying Drawings illustrate several modes of carrying my Invention
into effect.
Figures 1 and 2 show a button. a in elevation and plan; the part a¹
is flattened to enable it to hold well in the button holes; the end has a
mortise a² formed in it, into which the hook 1 of the piece 6 takes, shown
in front view at Figure 3 and in side view at Figure 4; this piece b is sewn
behind the knot c, Figures 5 and 6. It will be seen that the neck band and
the false collar being united by the button a it is easy to hook the knot
quickly, and without crushing or disarranging the collar.
Figures 7, 8, and 9 are three views of another button d, which has, as in
the proceding case, a flat part d to contain the four button holes; the
part d is eliptical, its large axis is horizontal, and its extremity d³ is screw
threaded.
e
Figures 10, 11, and 12 are three views of a piece e, of which the small
plate e¹ is sewn to the knot of the cravat and passes through it; the part
corresponds with the eliptical portion d of the button, and maintains the knot
in the desired position.
.
Figures 18 and 14 show two views of a jewel which may be of any desired
shape and size; behind the jewel is a tube screw threaded externally to be
screwed into the piece e, which is facilitated by the thin piece g being
made square; the jewel thus held can be screwed on to the end of the
button d.
These novel combinations are particularly applicable to turn-down collars,
ladies' collars, ties, and scarfs, but they may also be applied to stand-up
collars, in which case it is desirable to have a piece of fabric surrounding the
neck to form a cravat; to effect this a button hole is made at one end of a
band of material passing round the neck, or a simple loop may be attached
to hook it to the part a² of the button, the other end of the band being fixed
behind the knot it is enough to hook the latter to form a complete cravat. -