IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPE DRESSING OR SIZING MACHINES.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bullough, of Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Maker, of the Firm of Howard and Bullough,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPE DRESSING OR SIZING
MACHINES.'
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bullough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th May 1870.
I, JOHN BULLOUGH, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, of the Firm of Howard and Bullough, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPE DRESSING
OR SIZING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My first improvement in the sizing machine consists in preventing the
entire stoppage of the machine during the operations of doffing, cutting-
off lappers, putting in lease bands, and the like. To accomplish this I
cause the winding-on motion to be thrown out of gear, but I allow the
driving strap to remain on the fast pulley so as to give the requisite.

page_text: motion to the other parts of the machine. At the same time that I
stop the winding-on motion by disconnecting it from the rest of the
machine I put in gear a slow motion to drive the nine inches or lagged
roller, and the yarn so delivered instead of being wound upon the
weaver's beam in the ordinary manner I take up by means of a roller or 5
series of rollers similar to the dropping rods in the warping machine or
by means of an ascending roller pulled upwards by balance weights.
Thus the whole machine, except the winding-on, is kept moving at a
slow rate, and the evil effects which are consequent upon the entire
stoppage of the machine, such as the making of stiff or discolored places 1
in the yarn are entirely removed. The rising or falling roller, as the
case may be, I make with a roughened surface so as to open the yarn or
prepare it for opening by loosening it by the opening rods.
My second improvement on the sizing machine refers to placing under
the drying cylinders and under the yarn in its course to the rollers in 1
front a shallow tin vessel through which I pass the exhausted steam
from the drying cylinder, and thereby I obtain additional drying surface
without further expenditure of steam.
My third improvement on the sizing machine refers to the form of
the size box which I make with a narrow comparatively shallow recess 2
at one side, which is continually heated by steam and through which I
introduce the size to the size box. By this means I am enabled to
dispense with a separate size feeder.
My improvements refer, fourthly, to certain methods by which the
yarn in being wound upon the weaver's beam may whilst retaining the 2
same tension cause a variation to take place in the rotation of the
above-named beam, by which its surface motion will be made to
correspond with the motion of the said yarn over the nine-inch or lagged
roller.
The first method is by placing in contact with the weaver's beam 30
another beam driven at a definite speed and sufficiently weighted to
impart to the said weaver's beam a surface motion equal to the surface
motion of the lagged roller.
Secondly. Where cones are used for imparting motion to the weaver's
beam I place on the end of the revolving breast beam, over which the 3
yarn passes, and by which it is caused to rotate, a clutch which takes
into another similar clutch upon the face of a pulley driven by con-
nection with the nine-inch or lagged roller, so as it shall move regularly

page_text: at the rate at which it would move if the breast beam were driven by it
and regulated by the yarn passing from the nine-inch roller. The ordinary
drop weight whether revolving or otherwise I employ so as in dropping
to take up slack yarn, being sufficiently weighted or self weighted to do
so, so that as the weaver's beam increases in thickness and of course
increases in its surface rate of travel indication of this is conveyed
through the revolving breast beam to the clutch herein-before mentioned,
that on the breast beam being moved slightly faster throws that on the
pulley longitudinally on the shaft of the breast beam and the pulley also
out of gear with it. This endward motion I utilize to put the screw for
shifting the cone strap in motion by dropping a catch into a ratchet on
the end thereof, and thereby shifting the strap upon the cones in the
usual ways.
Thirdly. The same motion may be utilized by making a screw upon
the end of the revolving breast beam and placing upon it a nut pulley
so driven as when moving with the breast beam it does not drop the
catch above-named in my last improvement, but when moved too fast
traverses the nut pulley off the breast beam and drops the catch. This
motion may also be employed to move the frictions usually employed to
give motion to the weaver's beam.
Another method by which this may be effected is by means of a small
differential motion, the one side being fast on the breast beam, the
other driven from the connection to the lagged roller, the intermediate
will on every difference indicated by connecting it to the screw herein-
before referred to for regulating the strap upon the cone drums give
motion thereto in the direction so indicated.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said John
Bullough in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th December
1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BULLOUGH, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker,
of the Firm of Howard and Bullough, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year of

page_text: our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Bullough, Her special licence
that I, the said John Bullough, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Bullough, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TAPE DRESSING OR SIZING MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Bullough, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Bullough, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement and accompanying Drawings :—
My first improvement in the sizing machine consists in preventing
the entire stoppage of the machine during the operation of doffing,
cutting off lappers, putting in leese bands, and the like. To accomplish
this I cause the winding-on motion to be thrown out of gear, but I
allow the driving strap to remain on the fast pulley so as to give the
requisite motion to the other parts of the machine. At the same time
that I stop the winding-on motion by disconnecting it with the rest of
the machine I put in gear a slow motion to drive the nine-inches or
lagged roller, and the yarn so delivered instead of being wound upon
the weaver's beam in the ordinary manner I take up by means of a
roller or series of rollers, similar to the dropping rods in the warping
machine, or by means of an ascending roller pulled upwards by balance
weights. Thus the whole machine, except the winding-on, is kept
moving at a slow rate and the evil effects which are consequent upon
the entire stoppage of the machine, such as the making of stiff or dis-
coloured places in the yarn, are entirely removed. The rising or falling

page_text: roller, as the case may be, I make with a roughened surface, so as to
open the yarn or prepare it for opening by loosening rods.
My second improvement on the sizing machine refers to placing
under the drying cylinders and under the yarn in its course to the
rollers in front a shallow tin vessel, through which I pass the exhausted
steam from the drying cylinders, and thereby I obtain additional drying
surface without further expenditure of steam.
My third improvement on the sizing machine refers to the form of
the size box, which I make with a narrow, comparatively shallow recess
at one side, which is continually heated by steam, and through which I
introduce the size to the size box. By this means I am enabled to
dispense with a separate size feeder.
My improvements refer, fourthly, to certain methods by which the
yarn in being wound upon the weaver's beam may whilst retaining the
same tension cause a variation to take place in the rotation of the above-
named beam by which its surface motion will be made to correspond
with the motion of the said yarn over the nine-inch or lagged roller.
The first method is by placing in contact with the weaver's beam
another beam driven at a definite speed and sufficiently weighted to
impart to the said weaver's beam a surface motion equal to the surface
motion of the lagged roller.
Secondly. Where cones are used for imparting motion to the weaver's
beam I place on the end of the revolving breast beam, over which the
yarn passes and by which it is caused to rotate, a clutch, which takes
into another similar clutch upon the face of a pulley driven by
connection with the nine-inch or lagged roller, so as it shall move
regularly at the rate at which it would if the breast beam were driven
by it and regulated by the yarn passing from the nine-inch roller. The
ordinary drop weight, whether revolving or otherwise, I employ so as in
dropping to take up the slack yarn, being sufficiently weighted to do so,
so that the weaver's beam as it increases in thickness, and, of course,
increases in its surface rate of travel, indication of this is conveyed
through the revolving breast beam to the clutch herein-before named,.
that on the breast beam being moved slightly faster throws that on the
pulley longitudinally on the shaft of the breast beam and the pulley
also with it. This endward motion I utilize to put the screw for
shifting the cone strap in motion by dropping a catch into a ratchet on

page_text: the end thereof, and thereby shifting the strap upon the cones in the
usual way.
Thirdly. The same motion may be utilized by making a screw upon
the end of the revolving breast beam and placing upon it a nut pulley
so driven as when moving with the breast beam it does not drop the
catch above-named in my last improvement, but when moved too fast
traverses the nut pulley off the breast beam and drops the catch. This
motion may be employed to move the frictions usually employed to give
motion to the weaver's beam.
Another method by which this may be effected is by means of a small
differential motion, the one side being fast on the breast beam, the other
being driven from the connection to the lagged roller, the intermediate
will on every difference indicated by connecting it to the screw herein-
before referred to for regulating the strap upon the cones give motion
thereto in the direction indicated.
And in order that my Invention may be more fully understood and
more readily carried into effect, I will now proceed to describe the same,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings on two Sheets, in
which Figure 1 shows an elevation of a dressing machine having some
of my improvements attached.
Figure 2 shows a plan of the same.
Figure 3 shows a detached view of the method of giving a change of
velocity to the nine-inch roller when the winding-on is stopped.
Figure 4 shows a section of the size feeder.
Figure 5, Sheet 2, shows a plan and elevation of the marker and its
indicator brought to the front of the machine.
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 show separate methods by which the surface
velocity of the weaver's beam is harmonized with the surface velocity of
the nine-inch or lagged roller.
Figure 11 shows a modification of the method of driving and changing
the motion and velocity of the nine-inch roller.
I will first proceed to describe the course of the yarn through the
machine, inasmuch as in following the course of the yarn y through the
machine my various improvements, their uses, and means of operation
will be more readily understood. The yarn y on entering the machine
passes over the tops of the small rollers y¹, y², from thence it passes
to and round the well-known immersion roller se, by which it is carried

page_text: under and kept under the size in the size trough 8. From this immer-
sion roller the yarn passes between two pairs of pressure rollers &¹, &³,
and,, by which it is stripped of superfluous size. From between
the pressure rollers 8 and 8 the yarn passes to the large drying
cylinder r. From the large drying cylinder r it passes to the small
drying cylinder r³, from the small drying cylinder ¹ it passes round the
small roller over the drying chest to the small roller ³, thence to
the small roller 2*, thence round the nine-inch or lagged roller 75, thence
to the roller, from thence to the moveable roller x, the pivots of which
are carried in the blocks x¹, x², fastened to the two pitch chains d, one
at each side of the frame, and carried upon the pulleys d', d², on studs d'
carried by the chain frame d. The yarn is strained over the roller & by
means of the counterweights dº. From the moveable roller thus
weighted upward the yarn passes to and round the roller 7, thence it
passes to and between the breast beam roller y* and its pressure roller y³,
suspended in and carried when released or lifted by the swing frame
j. From between the rollers y' and y³, the yarn passes to and is
lapped upon the weaver's beam z.
Having thus described the motion of the yarn through the machine,
I will proceed to describe in detail the improvements constituting my
Invention.
On the main shaft a which crosses the machine I fasten the pulley a¹
and connect it to the motive power by the strap a², so that motion is
imparted to the whole machine. I also place on the main shaft a the
loose pulley a³, and by means of the strap fork handle a', which controls
the strap a², itself being under the control of the operative, the whole
machine may be stopped or started at will. I also fasten upon the main
shaft a the cone a³, which is connected by the strap as to the cone 6 on
the second motion shaft 1. The strap a' is capable of being moved
across the machine lengthwise of the cones by means of the screw a on
which the strap fork as is suspended and by which it is moved, by which
also the position of the strap on the cones is made to harmonize as in
various ways is herein-after described, with the increasing diameter of
the weaver's beam z. At the end of the cone on the second motion.
shaft b' I place the broad pulley 6%, which I connect to the pulley b³.
loose on the third motion shaft b' by the strap 66, which also connects
the pulley 3 fastened upon the shaft 7. The third motion shaft b*
crosses the machine and is connected to the weaver's beam by the train

page_text: of wheels as follows:-68 on the end of the third motion shaft b* and 6º
on one end of the fourth motion shaft 610 on the other end thereof, 6"
gearing with 61 on the weaver's beam, stud z¹ adjustable lengthwise in the
bracket or shield 613 on the framing. By the above arrangement of
pullies and wheels motion is conveyed to the weaver's beam. The whole
train and its result I call the winding on. This winding-on I stop when
required by means of the strap 66, which I shift from the fast to the
loose pulley by means of the handle 6 within the framing. The moving
of the strap from the fast pulley 65 to the loose pulley 6* allows the
cones a³, b, to be moved as before, whilst the third and fourth motion
shafts and the weaver's beam the so called winding on is stopped entirely.
On the main or first motion shaft I fasten the pulley a' connected by
the strap c to the pulley c¹ loose on the nine-inch roller arbor 7³, but
connected thereto by means of the catches and ratchet c*, which
latter is fastened on the shaft, see Figure 3, Sheet 1. This connection
gives motion to the nine-inch roller when the machine is all at work.
As herein-before stated the roller x is suspended in bearings which
are borne by the chains d carried on the chain frames. These chains
are placed one on each side of the framing, and are counterweighted by
the blocks d. When the winding-on is stopped the counterweights d'
pull up the moveable roller x. This roller takes into the bell-mouth
lever d³, which is suspended on the stud in the bracket d³ on the
framing. The shorter end of the lever o has a stud on which is placed
the one end of the connecting rod a³, the other end of which is placed
on the stud d in the long arm of the L lever d" on the stud d in the
framing. The short arm of the L lever carries the stud d³ which receives
one end of the short connecting.rod d", the other end being placed on
the stud d¹s in the arm de on the one end of the cannon stud d" in the
cannon. The cannon stud has on its other end the strap fork d";
this fork shifts the strap c from the pulley c¹ to the
roller x rises. The pulley c³, see Figure 3, loose on the
shaft, has a pinion c* on its boss gearing with the wheel
in the cannon c' on the framing. The stud c has on its other end the
pinion gearing into the wheel c connected to the nine-inch roller by
catches and ratchet, and giving to the nine-inch roller a very slow
motion. Thus the progress upwards of the roller x by the shifting of
the strap c becomes very slow, and in this manner time is obtained for
doffing, putting in leese bands, cutting-off lappers, and such like opera-
pulley o* as the
nine-inch roller
on the stud c*

page_text: tions, while those parts of the machine which if permitted to remain
stationary would produce stiff or discoloured places in the yarn are kept
in constant motion, and thereby those evils are prevented. By the same
slow and constant motion I am also able to use a metal roller instead of
the wooden one in the size box, and to give it a positive instead of
a frictional motion, for as it does not cease to move the yarn never
adheres to it. I am also able to make the rollers &¹ and 8³ a shade
different in diameter, and so to keep the yarn between them in a com-
paratively slackened condition, a matter of the very greatest consequence
to good sizing. For these purposes I connect the nine-inch roller to a
line shaft v, on the end of which I place the bevil ¹ geared into the
bevil on the nine-inch roller arbor 7. I also connect the line shaft v
to the two copper rollers in the size box by placing on it the two
bevils ³, 5, and gearing them with the bevils v', v, on the arbors of
the rollers 81, 83, in the size box. This arrangement dispenses with the
straining of the yarn to pull the rollers, gives a slight degree of slackness
between the rollers &¹ and 83, permits the use of a roller of metal instead
of wood, and the surface velocity of the rollers 81, 83, with the surface
velocity of the nine-inch roller is secured. The weaver's beam being
put in its place the winding on is started, the roller x descends and shifts
the strap c on to the pulley c¹ from the pulley c³, causes the machine
again to go at its full speed, and the roller x further descends and in its
progress downwards it comes in contact with the lever a¹³ kept in position
by a spring, and having the cord a¹ at one end fastened to it, which cord
at the other end is attached to the catch e, but by the action of the
spring above described is kept out of action until the roller x descends
and presses on the lever a¹s and slackens the cord. By this operation
the catch e is allowed to fall into gear with the ratchet wheel e¹ on the
screw a herein-before described. And as the catch e is placed on a
stud in the lever e³, the opposite end of which lever rests on and is
constantly kept oscillating by the cam e³, the catch e when in gear
therewith moves the ratchet e¹ on the screw a partially round at each
oscillation, and as herein-before described shifts the strap to a slower
place upon the cones by which the winding-on is driven, and when the
winding-on is sufficiently slackened the roller x is allowed to rise a little
and the spring again to raise the catch e out of gear with the ratchet
wheel a. This motion is continued with alternations which are indicated
by the filling of the weaver's beam which increases in surface velocity as
it fills, and needs the strap constantly to be shifted to a new and slower

page_text: position. I prefer to give the catch e a slightly quicker motion than
what is absolutely necessary so as to permit the roller x to continue
alternately to rise and fall, and so that by the smallest amount of
reciprocation the weaver's beam may be filled.
I roughen the surface of the roller x so as to aid in opening the yarn
by opening rods.
To lose as little time in doffing as possible it is necessary that what-
ever the operative has to do in readjusting his machine should lie to his
hand. Hitherto the measuring and marking roller has been at an
inconvenient distance from him. To remedy this evil I make the
revolving breast beam of a definite circumference and make it the
measuring roller. To draw it easily round by the yarn I place upon it
the roller y³, as herein-before described, by which I also prevent the yarn
from being drawn out whilst doffing, being capable of being raised by hand
and retained, when raised, by the spring j bolted on the framing, and which
I make with suitable notches to receive the stud in the handle of
the swinging frame j³, 1, 3, which may be made of separate pieces,
as shewn in the Drawings, or cast together, as is most convenient.
The marker, see Figure 5, Sheet 2, I construct in the manner following,
that is to say:-I fasten upon the arbor of the breast beam roller y*
a bevil, gearing into another upon the shaft in the socket frame j",
turning on the breast beam arbor by a cross socket. Upon the end
of the shaft opposite to the bevil I fasten the worm ", which takes
into the two worm wheels j¹, j¹³, of which jπ has an index on the face
shewing twenty yards and lesser parts, and 13, with two teeth less
in it, shews on the face indications up to and including 30 times
20 yards. The socket frame " is capable of being lifted at the end at
which the worm " is fastened and so of allowing the operative to adjust
the worm wheels " and " for a new beam without the need of tediously
turning back the indicating screw, the worm wheels being reversed by a
the plum-bob ¹³, the cord or chain of which is wound on the shaft j¹.
12
The indications may be changed by changing the worm or the worm
wheels, or the proportions of the bevils to each other, or by putting
on more than one marker. I fasten the worm wheel upon the
shaft turning in the socket 1 bolted to the framing. The socket j 3
carries the pigment trough j", into which the brush or brushes " or
their equivalent marker dip at each revolution or part of a revolution,
according to the number of brushes. The size box s I make in two

page_text: divisions; into the smaller division 87 I admit the fresh size by any of
the well-known methods, passing it into the larger division 8 by a small
slit in the bottom communicating between the two divisions, so that the
size is effectually heated and mixed by the boiling pipe 88 before it
passes from 87 into 8, and more elaborate preparations for boiling are
rendered unnecessary.
The drying chest t receives the waste steam from the drying cylinder
or cylinders, and extracts a greater amount of heat from the steam than
is otherwise available; and by its use I am enabled to dress more
quickly or more effectually than has hitherto been possible. This
drying chest t I make a long thin hollow vessel, nearly in contact with
the yarn, discharging water at one part and receiving steam from the
drying cylinders at another.
At Figure 11, Sheet 2, I show a modification of a portion of my
Invention, that is to say, of the part for starting or stopping the
winding on.
On one end of the main shaft a I fasten the pulley w, and upon the
same shaft is fastened the cone a herein-before mentioned. I also
fasten upon the opposite end to the pulleys the wheel w¹, gearing into
the intermediate single wheel w² which gears with the wheel w³, con-
nected to the nine-inch roller arbor 7 by the catches and ratchet wheel
herein-before described. When the strap a³ herein-before described is
upon this pulley w the whole machine is at work. To drive the
nine-inch roller at a slow rate and stop the winding on I place the
pulley w loose on the shaft a and fasten upon its boss the pinion w³
which gears with the double intermediate 20°, the pinion on which gears
with the large wheel on the nine-inch roller arbor 2, which is connected
thereto by catches and a ratchet wheel. By this a motion slow in pro-
portion to the difference of the intermediate double wheel is produced.
To stop the whole machine I place on the boss of the pulley w
the pulley o, upon which when the strap is placed the machine is
stopped.
The remaining Figures on Sheet 2 shew a variety of methods whereby
I make the surface velocity of the weaver's beam z to correspond with
the surface velocity of the nine-inch roller ³.
On Figure 10 I place the two drums m, m³, having the same surface
velocity as the ninc-inch roller and place upon or between them the

page_text: weaver's beam z, which of course receives the same surface velocity from
them.
In Figures 6, 7, and 8 I shew three separate methods of utilizing the
varied motion imparted to the breast beam roller y by the weaver's
beam z.
In Figure 6 this difference is made to shift longitudinally the
clutch wheel n and so slacken the cord a¹ herein-before described and
thus place the catch e in gear with the ratchet e¹ and vary the position
of the strap upon the winding-on cones.
In Figure 7 instead of a clutch I shew a nut pulley on the breast
beam arbor screwed to receive it which either drops the catch e into gear
as above stated, or slackens the friction plates usually employed to drive
the weaver's beam.
In Figure 8 I shew a differential motion of which the central part has
a pulley p¹ receiving motion as the breast beam increases in velocity and
imparts the same to the pulley p on the screw a³.
In these three Figures uniform motion is derived from the nine-inch
roller, difform motion from the weaver's beam through the breast
beam.
In Figure 9 I shew a method by which the differential motion may
be derived direct from the weaver's beam. I place upon the arbor the
worm z¹ gearing into the wheel dotted in Figure 9 on the shaft in
bearings on the frame having the wheel z on the end farthest from the
weaver's beam giving motion to the pinion 25 on the screw a'. The
differential motion of the beam is thus imparted to the screw a' directly.
To give a slight accommodation I place on the nut a stud on which I
place the strap lever having an arm at right angles on which I place
an antifriction roller resting upon the shaping rail. The nut pulls
the strap fork arm and bowl against the shaper rail by the spring 2º.
As the screw advances according to the shape of the rail the motion
of the strap is accelerated or retarded as required.
This last form of motion dispenses with the use of the rising and
falling roller necessary to the efficiency of the other forms herein-before
mentioned.
Having now stated the nature of my said Invention and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as secured
to me thereby,―

page_text: Firstly. The means shewn and described and the modification shewn
at Figure 11 whereby I am enabled to stop the winding-on without
causing the other parts of the dressing machine entirely to cease by the
employment and use of a rising and falling roller which takes up the
slack yarn when the winding-on is stopped.
Secondly. I claim the employment and use of the same roller which
takes
up the slack yarn when the winding-on is stopped for the purpose
of regulating the position of the strap upon the cones for governing the
winding-on upon the weaver's beam.
Thirdly. I claim as concident with and resulting from the increasing
motion of the parts of the machine not engaged in the winding-on, the
employment of metal instead of wooden rollers in the size box and
adapting their surface velocities to each other so that the yarn may not
be strained between them, and that they may be driven by a positive
motion.
Fourthly. I claim the position of the marker and the forms of the
same shewn and described by which it is brought within reach of the
operative, and easily set by him for a new beam.
Fifthly. I claim the form of the size box shewn and described.
Sixthly. I claim the various methods shewn and described whereby I
accommodate the differential motion of the weaver's beam to the uniform
motion of the nine-inch or lagged roller, whether using a rising roller or
dispensing with the same for that purpose.
Seventhly. I claim the employment and use of the steam case tas
shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bullough, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November One
thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
JOHN ESROYD.
JOHN BULLOUGH. (L.S.)