matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES, LINES, AND TRANSMITTING INSTRUMENTS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th November
1866.
I, THOMAS WALKER, of 18, Robert Terrace, Sidney Street, Chelsea, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES, LINES, AND
TRANSMITTING INSTRUMENTS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the construction of electric telegraph
cables & lines is intended to produce greater certainty and strength in the
currents than can now be obtained by connecting the lines and cables by earth
plates only. To improve the currents in cables already made I would use
naked or uninsulated conductors laid across the water for the return current,
and connected either with earth plates or simply with the instruments without
using the earth plates.
Another improvement consists in making a cable with two conductors
formed into a strand in the usual way, one of the conductors being insulated
with any good material, the other conductor may be left naked or be simply
covered with any porous material required to give strength.
Another form of cable consists in using two conductors of the same metal
formed into a strand and kept separate by covering one of them with any
suitable porous material to allow the water to act upon the metal of the con-
ductors, any element of a dissimilar electrical tension placed in the water or
moist earth in connection with the water being brought into contact with

page_text: either of the conductors will produce a current. I would also use this
arraingment with the ordinary battery power, attaching the poles to the two
conductors in the usual way. The uninsulated conductors may be laid separate
from the other lines and still work well.
For land lines I would use a strand made up with two conductors kept from
contact by any suitable material not necessarily an insulator, such as hemp,
jute, cotton, or the like; to preserve those substances from decay I would
saturate them with boil'd oil mixed with any resins or gums. To protect the
shore ends and other parts of cables exposed to danger I would case them with
a sheathing made in parts, so that when put together it would form a good
flexible covering.
My improvements in transmitting instruments consists in using levers or
keys, one or both ends of which may be made to pass over surfaces partly
insulated to make or break contact or reverse currents as required to produce
letters, words, or other signs by the needle, electro-chemical, electro-magnetic,
or any, other, system to which it could be applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Kilby, Machinist, and George Dixon,
Grazier, both of Welby, in the County of Leicester, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES."
Sealed the 21st August 1866, and dated the 13th Juno 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Kilby and George
Dixon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 13th June 1866.
We, SAMUEL KILBY, Machinist, and GEORGE DIXON, Grazier, both of
Welby, in the County of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the beater plates fixed on the revolving drums of
thrashing machines, and has for its object the construction of the said beater
plates with an increased beating or thrashing surface. For this purpose the
beater plate is made of greater width than usual in order to afford space for
an increased number of projecting ribs and grooves on the operating surface of
the plate, and also to dispense with the necessity for the insertion of a piece
of iron between the plate and the ordinary wooden template or longitudinal
arm of the revolving drum. The operating surface of the beater plate is
formed with rows of projecting ribs and grooves arranged in zig-zag lines

page_text: across the plate. The number of angles formed by the arrangement of the
projecting ribs and grooves in zig-zag lines may be varied, but we prefer to
arrange them in a W form. The beater plates are in the form of an angular
ridge, and are fixed direct to the wooden templates or longitudinal bars of the
revolving drum by means of bolts, and nuts, or otherwise.
A NEW METALLIC BRUSH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Welton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
October 1866.
I, THOMAS WELTON, of 13, Grafton Street, Fitzroy Square, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW METALLIC BRUSH," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a metallic or partially metallic brush for the
purpose of extinguishing fires in and the better cleansing and sweeping flues
and chimneys, and also for the better cleansing of the public roads, thorough-
fares, and dwellings.
The aforesaid brush may be of any form or size, and the improvement
claimed consists in the substitution of spiral springs, metal wires, or light bars
of metal (crinoline steel in preference) inserted, as may be most convenient,
into a metallic or wooden stock in lieu of canes, bass, hair, whalebone, bristles,
or other materials.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN DEODORIZING, REVIVIFYING, AND CALCINING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE CHARCOAL, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cormack at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1866.
I, WILLIAM CORMACK, of Commercial Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN DEODORIZING, REVIVIFYING, AND CALCINING ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE CHARCOAL, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
I use a cylinder made of metal or other material fixed in an upright position.
At the top of this cylinder is a pipe passing through the lid into the interior
of the cylinder, and at the bottom a moveable perforated sieve or filter on
which the charcoal rests. When the cylinder is charged with the charcoal the
top is hermetically closed by the lid, and then superheated steam, air, or gas is
admitted through the pipe on to the top of the charge, and the propelling
force of the superheated steam will drive out the impurities from the charcoal
in a downward direction, and the vapours given off will pass through the
perforations in the sieve or filter at the bottom of the cylinder, to be there
received and conveyed either to condensers or furnaces to be consumed. By
these improvements I am enabled to revivify and purify charcoal at a black
heat instead of at a red heat as now practised, and also to calcine at a much
lower temperature than has hitherto been accomplished.
AN IMPROVED ELECTRICAL INDICATOR
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walker' Moseley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1866.
WALKER MOSELEY, of Nos. 17, and 18, King Street, Covent Garden,. in
the County of Middlesex, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ELECTRICAL INDICATOR," to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to an apparatus consisting of a bell or a number
of bells and a series of numbered or figured plates connected by suitable con-
ducting wires with a galvanic battery, the electric current induced by this
battery will at the same time cause one of the bells to ring and exhibit one
of the figured plates, the number or figure on the said plate indicating from
what locality the signal is transmitted. These bells, which may be of any
suitable form or size, and of which there may be any required number, are
fixed upon a board or frame to which the other parts of the apparatus are
also attached. The indicating plates are formed and suspended in such a
manner that they can be turned back and be concealed behind the bell or
behind a suitable cover. Each plate is provided with a catch or projection,
which when the plate is turned back rests upon the tongue or clapper of
the bell, the other end of the plate being supported by a swinging arm, one
end of which is pivotted to the board or frame. The tongue or clapper of
the bell is attached to the apparatus by a spring, and is arranged in connection
with an electro-magnet. The electro-motive force passing through this
magnet will cause the clapper or tongue to vibrate and ring the bell.

page_text: Immediately the tongue or clapper begins to vibrate the indicating plate
is released therefrom, and falls down below the bell, exhibiting its number or
figure.
Instead of the above-described arrangement, wherein a separate bell is
provided in connection with each indicating plate, the apparatus need only
have one bell, which will act in combination with a series of the said plates.
In this case I prefer to arrange the indicating plates in regular order upon
the board or frame behind a suitable cover: The conducting wires are
arranged so that each one communicates with one of the-indicating plates,
and all of the said wires communicate with the bell. The tongue of the bell
is connected with an electro-magnet, as already described, and the indicating
plates are also supported by catches or equivalent devices, from which they
are released by means of similar magnets arranged in convenient positions
to act upon the said plates.
In either of the above .arrangements. of the apparatus .it. is an essential
feature of my
Invention to secure all the parts of the apparatus to a board
or frame instead of attaching the said parts separately to the wall or other
portion of a building; the apparatus can thus be completed where the parts
thereof are manufactured, and all that remains to be performed is to secure
the frame or board in the required position and connect it with the conducting
wires.
..
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elias Barlow and William Nathan
Dack at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 19th September 1866.
We, ELIAS BARLOW, of Patricroft, in the County of Lancaster, and WILLIAM
NATHAN DACK, of the same Place, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be
as follows:-
The Invention relates to all that description of high-pressure steam engines
which exhaust their steam into another or low-pressure cylinder, and which
are well known as compound engines; or to a single cylinder using high-
pressure steam at one end and exhausting into the other end of the same
cylinder, and is designed for the purpose of relieving the piston in the high-
pressure cylinder from the back pressure of steam which remains in the end
of the cylinder after each stroke.
The improvements consist in removing and discharging the back pressure
steam remaining after the partial exhaust has been effected from the high-
pressure cylinder direct into the condenser or into the atmosphere, which
object may be accomplished by passing the high-pressure steam for the first
exhaust into a receiver until the pressure therein equals that in the high-
pressure cylinder, at which time the the communication between them is closed

page_text: by any suitable description of cock or valve, and another valve is opened which
communicates direct with the condenser, into which the remainder of the
steam passes and leaves the ends of the cylinder perfectly exhausted of its
steam, offering no resistance to the piston; the valves may be actuated by
cams, eccentrics, or cranks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOOKS OR HOLDERS WHEREBY TO SUSPEND CURTAINS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gardner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1866.
I, HENRY GARDNER, of Gravesend, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOOKS
OR HOLDERS WHEREBY TO SUSPEND CURTAINS AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention relates to the combination of a clip and a hook, or it may be
a ring, or of other form, whereby to suspend curtains and other articles from
rods, or otherwise. The edge of the curtain is held in the clip, which consists
of two limbs or pieces with loops at the ends, one of which 1 prefer to pass
partially within the other, as affording a better grip; these limbs I make
with a tendency to spring open, and apply a runner on them, which when
slid towards the gripping ends compresses and holds the curtain between
them. These gripping parts may either be made of a piece with a hook to
hook into the running ring on the rod, or connected with a ring in lieu of the
hook;
if with a ring the limbs are made of a piece of wire suitably bent, and
a coil formed at the double, which imparts the necessary spring to open them,
and this coil may encircle the metal of the ring loosely, or be fixed thereto.
If the gripping limbs are made with a hook I prefer to double the wire or
metal of which it is made at the point of the hook, and continue the two parts

page_text: in close contact throughout the form of the hook, at the termination of the
hook part I separate the wires from the spring coil, and continue them in the
position and form of the gripping limbs, on which I dispose the runner
as before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR WINDING OR WARPING AND DRYING YARNS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Andrews, of Comber, in the County of
Down, and Kingdom of Ireland, Flax Spinner, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR WINDING OR WARPING AND DRYING
YARNS."
Sealed the 15th January 1867, and dated the 23rd July 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Andrews at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
July 1866.
I, THOMAS ANDREWS, of Comber, in the County of Down and Kingdom of
Ireland, Flax Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR WINDING OR WARPING AND DRYING YARNS," to
be as follows:-
These improvements consist, first, in a novel method of drying wet spun
yarns during the process of warping or winding on to the beam from the
spools or bobbins in the creel or bank, whereby many objections that apply to
the present arrangement are dispensed with. The ordinary methods of drying
wet spun yarns are either to use mahogany spinning bobbins, and dry the
yarn on them, or by winding the wet spun yarn from the spinning bobbins on
to tin spools and drying the yarn on them; both these methods are
objectionable for they entail a great expense in bobbins or spools, and cause

page_text: a great waste of yarn. The object of this Invention is to remedy these defects
in so far as they apply to warp yarns that require to be wound from the
bobbin or spool on to the beam for dressing or weaving. The yarn is wound
wet from the spinning bobbins on to spools, which are then placed direct into
the creel or bank of the warping machine. The yarn whilst being wound on
to the beam passes over the surface of a heated cylinder placed between the
bank or creel, and the ordinary measuring rollers of the warping machine.
The heated cylinder is driven at the same speed as the yarn, thereby putting
no extra strain upon the yarn, which being spread over the surface of the
cylinder in single threads is evenly dried, and without damage from too great
a heat. The speed at which the yarn passes on to the beam is rather slower
than by the ordinary method of warping, but the stoppages for breaks are
very much reduced, so that the actual work of the machine is increased in
addition to the drying process being carried on simultaneously. So great is
this reduction in stoppages for breaks that one-half the usual falling rods for
"backing off" may be dispensed with.
Second, in the application of a brush or brushes between the "falling rods
and the front reed, under or between which the yarn passes when being
wound.
The brushes are so carried that they are removed out of contact with the
yarn by the stopping of the machine.
IMPROVED PORTABLE APPLIANCES FOR HORSES' FEET IN FROSTY WEATHER TO SUPERSEDE THE NECESSITY FOR WHAT IS TERMED ROUGHING' THE SHOES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Harris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th January
1866.
I, JAMES HARRIS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Whitesmith,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVED PORTABLE
APPLIANCES FOR HORSES' FEET IN FROSTY WEATHER TO SUPERSEDE THE NECESSITY
FOR WHAT IS TERMED ROUGHING' THE SHOES," to be as follows (that is to
say) :-
My Invention (for the purpose named in the title) has for its object
increased facilities both in the application and removal of the means
technically known as "roughing" for horses' feet when the roads are rendered
slippery or unsafe for their foot hold, as in frosty weather, or from other
causes, as also increased firmness or security when in position; this I effect by
a stout iron plate with one, two, or more straps retiring from the front, to be
bent up so as to clip and laterally press against the inside edges of the front
part of the shoe, while the front part of the plate is arranged that an axis may
be formed on each side to receive straps connected to the said axis by binge
joints or other equivalent means, the said straps being sufficiently long to
extend up over the front part of the horse's hoof, and so fashioned and
finished at their terminus for receiving a leather strap, thong, or other
suitable means for holding the same in position, the said strap or means used
being passed around and secured to the horse's foot. Underneath the said
plate I purpose raising or applying a protecting part, by preference of steel,

page_text: either permanently or capable of being removed or replaced, which would be
necessary when worn down or rendered ineffective by use. These plates I
purpose forming by means of dies in connection with a stamp of adequate
power to strike them into form, the pieces of iron being previously prepared
and heated for that purpose, the superfluous metal forced out between the
meeting of the dies being removed by clipping or otherwise; this process of
manufacture insures great regularity with an improved condition of the metal
of which such appliances are composed.
In some instances in applying my improved portable "roughs" to horses"
feet, it may be advisable to place between the plate and the front part of the
horse's shoes a small pad or piece of leather, india-rubber, or other such
like suitable material to insure a firm bearing.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANCHORS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bayliss at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd November
1866.
I, WILLIAM BAYLISS, of the Firm of Bayliss, Jones, and Bayliss, of
Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, and of Cannon Street, in the City
of London, Chain Cable and Anchor Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF ANCHORS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My improvements in the manufacture of anchors consist in forming them
of a solid or hollow or partly solid and partly hollow mould or blank cast of
homogeneous steel, wholly or in parts.
But in order to simplify my description I will describe my Invention as
applied to the formation of a solid anchor with the shank and flukes forming
one part. To effect this I form or produce what I term my mould or blank
by casting it of the desired metal, say, homogeneous steel, or what is known
as Bessemer's steel, or other equivalent homogeneous mixture, the said cast
mould being of the form and proportions best suited for receiving the requisite
amount of hammering, tilting, or swaging, not only to reduce the said mould
to the desired form, but also to solidify and impart a granular structure to the
mass, a quality highly essential for ensuring great strength; and so important
is this that I purpose in some instances casting the shank hollow and the
flukes grooved, in order that by internal pressure or support, with the process
or processes of tilting, swaging, or hammering, separately or combined, the

page_text: said operations shall be rendered more effectual for improving and solidifying
the structure of the metal.
Although I have described my improvements as applied to anchors with
the shank and flukes forming one mass, nevertheless they also apply to anchors
formed in two or more parts, with the flukes united to the shank in any
suitable way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS PIPES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macintosh and William
Boggett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st February 1866.
I, JOHN MACINTOSH, of North Bank, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, and I, WILLIAM BOGGETT, of Lindsey Houses, Chelsea, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS PIPES," to be as follows:-
It is well known that there is a serious loss by leakage from cast-iron gas
pipes, arising not only from the gas escaping at the joints, but from its
passing through the pores of the iron, the durability of which it greatly
impairs, and at the same time impregnates the surrounding earth with
noxious matter which is highly injurious to health. To prevent these evils
is the object of our Invention, an object that can only be accomplished by
the use of materials that are perfectly impervious to gas and its condensed
products, and equally unaffected by their chemical action. Bearing these
conditions in mind we, in the first place, propose to substitute pipes made
of glass for the cast-iron pipes now in use, or to insert glass cylinders into
them by way of lining, or they may be coated internally with liquid glass.
Another method is to coat the iron pipes with collodion, either by itself

page_text: or combined with glue or other gelatinous or albumenous substances in
conjunction, when requisite, with canvas, paper, or other textile or fibrous
materials. We can also attain our object by the use of shellac, or a com-
pound of shellac known as marine glue, or the interior of the pipes may
be tinned or coated with enamel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT FOR THE CURE OF THE VENEREAL DISEASE IN THE MALE SEX
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Temple Cooper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th March 1866.
I, WILLIAM TEMPLE COOPER, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex,'
Pharmaceutical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT FOR THE CURE OF THE VENEREAL DISEASE
IN THE MALE SEX," to be as follows:→
My improvements consist in the application of astringents and sedatives for
the cure of venereal disease by means of an unctuous vehicle so composed as
to be slowly solvent, and at same time devoid of any solid deposit when
dissolved and absorbed, dispersed or evaporated. For this purpose I employ
a wick or core of silk, cotton, or other material, with a loop at one end, the
wick being embedded in butter of cocoa in the manner of a dipped candle,
but which is of small diameter, say, from an eighth to a quarter of an inch,
and four or five inches in length. The butter of cocoa is previously mixed
with tannin or sulphate of alum, or other astringent, as also with a pre-
paration of opium or any other sedative; these may be either applied-in
combination or separately. The small cylinder of unctuous material is
introduced into the urethra and allowed to remain there till dissolved and
absorbed or passed away. The loop of the wick having a string threaded
through it (and fastened in any suitable way) is afterwards drawn out.
Instead of butter of cocoa, wax and tallow or lard may be employed, or even

page_text: wax tallow and spermaceti; the object being to produce an unctuous com-
pound that will retain its consistency for some hours and dissolve without any
hard or objectionable residue; but I prefer butter of cocoa as being the best.
The small cylinders of butter of cocoa may be made and used without wicks
or cores in like manner, which would obviate the necessity of attaching or
removing the wick as before mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BAT FRAMES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED CLOTHS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sam Fillingham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1866.
I, SAM FILLINGHAM, of St. Helen's Mills, Leeds, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAT
FRAMES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED CLOTHS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has special and sole reference to the machine commonly called
the "bat frame." Its object is to keep up the edges of the fibrous material
under operation so that the same may be of the same thickness or consistency
as the main body of the piece to be felted. For this purpose (by preference
at the delivering end of the machine although my apparatus may be applied
to other parts of the same) I place across the "bat frame "a shaft in front
of one of the rollers carrying the endless sheet furnished with two loose discs
that are free to revolve, collars on the shaft preventing "slip." These discs
are placed at a distance apart from each other nearly or quite equal to the
width of the "bat," and receive a reciprocating transverse motion by nieans
of a crank or eccentric driven from suitable gearing on the shafts of the
machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRACTION OP IODINE AND BROMINE FROM KELP
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Paraf and James Alfred
Wanklyn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th September 1866.
We, ALFRED PARAF, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Chemist, and JAMES ALFRED WANKLYN, of the City of London,
Professor of Chemistry, do hereby declare the nature of the said: Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRACTION OP IODINE AND BROMINE FROM KELP," to
be as follows:
It is well known that in the ordinary process of extracting iodine and
bromine from kelp there is much loss owing to the volatility of the iodides
and bromides at the high temperature to which the kelp is heated when it is
burnt as in the ordinary process of manufacturing iodine. We avoid this
loss by converting the kelp into oxalates and other salts by a well-known
process, which consists in heating it strongly with caustic alkalies. This
process of heating woody fibre with caustic alkalies is in use in the arts for
the manufacture of oxalic acid. Having heated the kelp with caustic
alkalies we obtain thereby a salino mass from which oxalic acid is extracted
by well-known processes, and there remains a mother liquor containing all
the iodine and bromine originally present in the kelp. The iodine and
bromine is to be extracted from this mother liquor by the well-known
processes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING THE TYRES OF RAILWAY WHEELS AND OTHER ANNULAR AND CYLINDRICAL ARTICLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Timmis Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1866.
I, JOSIAH TIMMIS SMITH, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING THE TYRES OF RAILWAY WHEELS
AND OTHER ANNULAR AND CYLINDRICAL ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The tyres of railway wheels are commonly made by casting short thick
hollow cylinders, having the general figure of the tyre, but much less in
diameter than the finished tyre is intended to be. These annular castings
are by rolling diminished in substance and increased in diameter, and thereby
brought to the proper' form and size for the tyres of railway wheels. The
moulds in which these castings are made are composed of cast iron,
the chilling effect of which on the iron or steel cast in them frequently causes
the castings to crack or split during the cooling of the said castings in the
moulds.
My Invention consists in making moulds for casting the tyres of railway
wheels and other annular and cylindrical articles in the following manner :-
I make the mould of two semicircular halves jointed together and capable of
opening and closing in the usual manner. In the interior of the said half

page_text: moulds I fix a lining made of fire-clay, the said lining having internally the
figure which it is intended the outside of the casting shall have. The said
linings are made by moulding, and are burnt in kilns before they are fixed in
the mould. The core, which is fixed in the centre of the mould and concentric
with the fire-clay lining, is also made of burnt fire-clay, and that part of the
bottom of the mould in which the said core is fixed and on which the iron or
steel is cast is also made of burnt fire-clay. The top of the mould may
either be made of metal or be covered or lined with burnt fire-clay.
Moulds for making solid cylindrical articles are made in the way described,
excepting that the central core is omitted.
By constructing moulds for casting the tyres of railway wheels and other
annular and cylindrical articles according to my Invention the outside of the
casting made in the moulds is not so rapidly cooled as when made in metal
moulds, and the casting is made more homogeneous and less likely to crack
than castings made in metal moulds.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF PAPER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reuben German Allerton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
March 1866.
I, REUBEN GERMAN ALLERTON, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF PAPER," to be as
follows:-
India-rubber has heretofore been used as a coating to cloth, but considerable
rubber has been required to fill the interstices of the cloth sufficiently to render
the same waterproof.
My Invention relates to a waterproof fabric formed by coating paper on one
or both sides with a thin film of india-rubber or a compound of india-rubber
and other materials. This fabric requires but little rubber to render it water-
proof, in consequence of the paper being smooth, and this fabric is specially
adapted to being printed upon for maps and charts, or for wrapping up articles
that require to be protected from the action of wet or moisture.
I employ the fabric in the manufacture of waterproof envelopes, the same
being made of the usual shape and cemented at the points where the paper
laps; or the envelopes may be formed with an opening at one end, so that
the papers or articles can be introduced at the end and closed in by a lap

page_text: folded over and cemented down, and in manufacturing the envelopes the
edges of the fabric should be folded over so as to bring the rubber surfaces
together, and prevent the edges of the paper being exposed to the action of
water. By this means valuable documents and mail matter can be protected
entirely from injury in case of being submerged, as sometimes happens.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INCUBATORS OR APPARATUS FOR HATCHING EGGS AND IN OTHER HEATING APPARATUS, AND IN COOKING AND DRYING APPARATUS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hills Schröder at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
October 1866.
I, FREDERICK HILLS SCHRÖDER, of Bromley, in the County of Kent,
Manager to the National Poultry Company (Limited), of Bromley aforesaid,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
INCUBATORS OR APPARATUS FOR HATCHING EGGS AND IN OTHER HEATING APPARATUS,
AND IN COOKING AND DRYING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The Invention principally refers to incubators, and its main object is to
control the internal and external temperature, and communicate the required
heat and moisture effectively. In applying the Invention to incubators a
boiler or heating apparatus is connected by a pipe for the passage of heated
water and also by a return pips with an apparatus in which is a cistern or
vessel for holding hot water, and which apparatus I generally make circular,
such being the best form. This vessels surmounts and overhangs or overlaps
drawers or other compartments or chambers for holding the eggs, and which
chambers or drawers are filled to a required height with chaff or other suitable
material, and they have perforated bottoms under which is a drawer or chamber
for water, which is usually slightly warmed. The drawers or chambers for the
eggs are also provided with ventilators which communicate with an air shaft

page_text: or pipe. Above the hot cistern may be a perforated covering or frame, and a
test pipe may be added to ascertain the degree of heat. Curtains or screens
are suspended or fitted round or about the apparatus to exclude or regulate
light and draught. The products of evaporation of the cooler water rise
through the bottoms of the egg drawers. I prefer to make the bottom of
the hot water cistern of plate glass. The apparatus is separate from the
boiler or apparatus for heating the water, that is to say, it is only connected
with it by the pipes for the inlet and return or the circulation of heated water,
though other ties or connections may be used. A "nurse" or chamber
for the chicks may also be connected by circulation pipes with the boiler
or heater; it contains wool or other soft material and is surrounded by a
jacket or casing into which the pipes lead.
The improvements may be in whole or in part applied to other heating
apparatus and to cooking and drying apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF GAS SUITABLE TO BE USED FOR ILLUMINATION OR FOR OBTAINING HEAT OR MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Montague Richard Leverson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th February 1866.-A communication from abroad by Guillaume
Lemaire Malherbe, of No. 34, Rue Trokay, Liege, in the Kingdom
of Belgium, Manufacturer of Arms.
I, MONTAGUE RICHARD LEVERSON, of No. 66, Bishopsgate Street
Within, in the City of London, Solicitor and Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF GAS SUITABLE TO BE USED FOR ILLUMINATION OR FOR OBTAINING HEAT
OR MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
gas suitable to be used for illumination or for obtaining heat or motive
power. For this purpose I employ atmospheric air charged with the
vapour of a volatile hydrocarbon, such as are prepared from earth, oil, or
petroleum. I employ a vessel in which are placed a number of shelves,
supporting wicks or like absorbent materials, such as cotton or sponge.
The hydrocarbon is poured in at the top of the vessel on to the upper
shelf, which it fills until it runs off by an overflow on to the second shelf,
from which it overflows to the third shelf, and so it supplies all the
shelves, whatever the number employed, which may be varied. This vessel.
is immersed in a cistern of water which is kept tepid conveniently by
means of a gas flame. Air is forced into the vessel by suitable machinery,

page_text: and is caused to pass over the wicks or materials on the shelves, and these
being saturated with the hydrocarbon the air becomes fully charged with
the vapour, and it is then inflammable; a suitable pipe or pipes connected
with the vessel leads the gas to the burners. The amount of hydrocarbon
vapour supplied to the air to render it inflammable can be adjusted either
by regulating by a cock the amount of air passing to the vessel or by
regulating by another cock the size of the flame which heats the water
cistern. The gas may be used either for illumination, or for obtaining
heat, or as fuel in a gas engine for obtaining motive power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND CARDBOARD BOXES AND THE LIDS OF THE SAID BOXES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Linnett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May
1866.
I, JOHN LINNETT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Printer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND CARDBOARD BOXES AND THE LIDS OF THE SAID BOXES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to such paper and cardboard boxes and lids of boxes
as are rectangular, and are made by folding and pasting blanks scored or
pierced at the parts where the folding is to be effected, and consists in
making and scoring or piercing the blanks from which the said boxes and
lids are made, and in folding and pasting the folded blanks in the following:
manner:-The blanks are cut of a rectangular figure and scorings or piercings-
are made along the longer sides of the blank at a distance from the edges
equal to the depth which it is intended the sides of the box or lid shall have.
Cross piercings or scorings at right angles to the former are made at a
distance from the ends of the blanks equal to double the depth it is intended.
the ends of the box or lid shall have. The portions of the blanks forming
the sides of the box or lid are detached from the parts forming the ends by
incisions from the ends of the blank to the cross piercings or scorings. The
intermediate portions of double the depth of the ends of the box or lid havo
cross scorings or piercings across their middle. The blanks thus cut and

page_text: pierced or scored are folded in the following manner :-The longer sides are
raised at right angles to the other parts, the detached ends are turned inwards,
the ends are raised flat against the turned-in ends, and the upper half of
each end is turned over and folded down against the turned-in ends. The
pasting of the parts at the ends of the box or lid secures the said parts and
completes the box or lid which may be covered if required with ornamental
paper.
My Invention is applicable to the manufacture of square as well as oblong
boxes.
By the improvements in the manufacture of paper and cardboard boxes
and lids described the ends are made very strong, being in every part composed
of not less than two thicknesses of the paper or cardboard, and when the box
is narrow in proportion to its depth of three or four thicknesses in some parts,
the cutting out of the blanks and the piercing or scoring and cutting of
the same are effected by machinery or apparatus of the kinds employed for
like purposes.
A COMBINED ARM CHAIR: AND TRAVELLING BAG
Year: 1866

page_text: www
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward' Gedge at the
Office of the. Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th March 1866.-A. communication from abroad by Léandre Paul.
Quétineau,. of Paris, France,, Mechanical Draughtsman..
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE; of the Firm. of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 23, Southampton Buildings,, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,.
Patent Agent, do hereby. declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A COMBINED ARM CHAIR: AND TRAVELLING BAG," (a communication to me
from abroad: by. Léandre Paul Quétineau,, of Paris, France,. Mechanical
Draughtsman,) to be as follows:-
The combined arm chair and travelling bag the subject of this Invention
is intended more particularly to: afford to. persons travelling by rail in third-
class carriages the comfort enjoyed by first-class passengers. The article is
elegant and convenient, and while filling the office of a travelling bag has the
great advantage of being capable of almost instant transformation into a good
firm arm chair, which is placed on the carriage seat, only occupies the exact
space allotted to the traveller, and does not inconvenience his. neighbours..
The arm chair and travelling bag is composed of two principal parts,. the
seat and the back, which are united by hinges. Each of these parts is formed
of an iron frame, made of what is termed angle iron, of from to of an inch
flange, furnished with small bands of metal or wire gauze, on which rests the
cushion forming the seat. The travelling bag properly so called, and which
is composed of a large leather pocket with one or several compartments, is

page_text: fixed behind the back. The arms of the chair fixed to the seat by their
uprights are furnished at the other end with hooks, by which they are attached
to the back. When the article is folded the pocket forming the travelling
bag touches the bottom of the seat.
SIGNALING AN ALARM FROM RAILWAY CARRIAGES WHEN IN MOTION
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Knox at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September
1866.
I, HENRY KNOX, 9, Northampton Terrace, Crompton Road, Islington, in
the County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "SIGNALING AN ALARM FROM RAILWAY CARRIAGES WHEN IN
MOTION," to be as follows:-
A tube open at both ends placed lengthways outside the carriage or so as
that the two ends are outside, having in it one or more whistles, and one or
more valves to be opened or shut from inside the carriage by a handle or
otherwise attached to the valve or valves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLVENTS FOR RESINS AND RESINOUS SUBSTANCES, CAOUTCHOUC, GUTTA PERCHA, OILS AND FATS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Crump at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th September
1866.
I, CHARLES CRUMP, of Southcombe Paignton, in the County of Devon, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLVENTS
FOR RESINS AND RESINOUS SUBSTANCES, CAOUTCHOUC, GUTTA PERCHA, OILS AND
FATS," to be as follows:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in the preparation of
solutions of various resins or resinous substances, oils, and fats. For this purpose
I employ tetrachloride of carbon, otherwise called bichloride of carbon, either
by itself or mixed with other substances according to the nature of the
substance to be dissolved
For the solution of asphalte, gutta percha, dragon's blood, gum mastic, and
resin I use tetrachloride of carbon alone. Gum copal may be dissolved to
a great extent by tetrachloride of carbon alone, but is more completely and
easily dissolved by a mixture of tetrachloride of carbon with a certain
proportion of anhydrous or very strong alcohol. This mixture also dissolves
gum sandarac, and to a considerable extent gum anime and gum dummar.
As different samples even of the same gum require different proportions of
tetrachloride of carbon and alcohol I first dissolve the gum in tetrachloride
of carbon and then add alcohol until the portion which remains undissolved
ceases to diminish. Tetrachloride of carbon may also be used in conjunction
with linseed or other oils, rendered drying in the usual manner as a solvent for

page_text: any of the above-mentioned resins, or as a substitute for alcohol either partially
or entirely in the manufacture of varnishes made from the said resins. It
may also be used as a solvent for gamboge. Caoutchouc also is to a considerable
extent soluble therein, so that it may be used in place of bisulphide of carbon
or other liquids now employed by india-rubber manufacturers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING THE FLOATS OF LIGHTS IN THEATRES AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Vincent and George
Richard Westcott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th September 1866.
We, WILLIAM VINCENT, of 29, North Street, Saint John's Wood, and
GEORGE RICHARD WESTCOTT, of 89, Vauxhall Bridge Road, Westminster,
both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING THE FLOATS OF LIGHTS
IN THEATRES AND OTHER PLACES," to bo as follows:-
In order that these improvements may be practically carried into effect a
lamp is provided having lugs or guides fitted at any convenient part; these
lugs or guides may be fitted with small wheels, which are made to correspond
in size with two rails, or it may be lengths of wire strained parallel to the float
of lights. At each end of the rails a pulley is fitted, round which an endless
band or strap passes, and at any convenient part of which the lamp is fixed, so
that by these means the lamp is made to travel from one end to the other,
lighting the gas in its transit. The lamp is so constructed that it can be made
to light any number of gas jets at one time by having a slide fitted to its
upper side, and in which the wick of the lamp is placed. In some positions
it is necessary to support the rails at short spaces, and in those cases a bracket
of peculiar construction is used so as not to prevent the free passage of the
lamp carriage on the rails. A tube running parallel to the burners can be
also advantageously used having a slot cut in its entire length, through which
a key passes, and is made fast to a bolt which is allowed to pass freely in the

page_text: interior of the tube. The lamp in this case is fitted to the upper end of the
key, and of the same construction as before described. A single plate or rail
to carry the lamp, and the same arrangement of an endless band can also be
used, or any of the above-described arrangements can be modified without
departing from the main features of this Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNAPSACKS, VALISES, AND OTHER PORTABLE CASES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicolas Michel Marin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1866.
I, NICOLAS MICHEL MARIN, of the Avenue de Paris, at St. Denis (Seine),
in the Empire of France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KNAPSACKS, VALISES, AND OTHER PORTABLE
CASES," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists of the adaptation of a chamber or otherwise
reserved or drawer space in the knapsacks, valises, or other portable cases of
the like nature usually carried on or with the person, or on horseback, by
pedestrians, riders, or other wayfaring persons, which chamber or otherwise
reserved or drawer space (herein-after called "reserved space") has an
external independent aperture, and is so arranged as to keep the allotted
space for this purpose separate or reserved from the other internal space and
contents, or capable of being so reserved when requisite. The orifice of the
reserved space for this purpose may be protected if necessary from exposure
to moisture or other detrimental action by a cap, flap, slide, door, or any
combination of these means with or without any additional fastening to secure
when so provided the contents of the said reserved space. The contents of
the said reserved space may be removed for use or otherwise by means of a
drawer or slide, or with a metallic or other strap or bar, or with the action
of any elastic material or contrivance for drawing or propelling such coutents.
The contents may be arranged in any convenient quantities, form, or bulk,

page_text: ✓✓ith or without fixed divisions. Several chambers or reserved spaces may
thus be separated from the principal part of the case; as, for instance, at
either or both sides, opening above, below, or centrally, and again at the top
and bottom, opening at any side, or centrally, and again as well by any com-
bination of these methods, while the orifice of the reserved space may be at
any convenient position of the reserved space. The reserved space may be so
provided or constructed as to admit of the contents being separable from the
other contents of the case to be carried on the person or otherwise apart from.
the other contents and case; as, for example, on expeditions involving special
and separate use.