Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 5th July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 5th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 15th June, 1895
I, JOHN HENRY HILL DUNCAN, of 39 Coleman Street, in the City of London,
Chartered Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:-
This invention has reference to a construction of apparatus designed to enable
cream to be quickly converted into butter with the expenditure of comparatively
very little power.
My apparatus comprises one or more discs, plates or other suitably shaped rotary
bodies mounted to be rapidly rotated about a vertical or inclined axis within a
vessel or casing and upon which the cream to be treated is caused to flow in a
regulated stream, the arrangement being such that the cream will be thrown off
laterally by centrifugal force and dashed against the inner side of the vessel or
casing from which it will fall, it may be to the bottom of the vessel or casing if it has
been converted into butter by the one concussion, or if not onto another rapidly
rotating disc. plate, or rotary body, or an extension of the first mentioned rotary
body, from which it will be again thrown off and concussed, these operations being
repeated, if necessary, until the conversion of the cream takes place."
Churning apparatus to operate on this principle may be constructed and arranged
in various forms.
In its simplest form, the apparatus comprises a single disc or plate fixed upon a
vertical shaft carried by a foot-step or other suitable bearing, gearing for rapidly
rotating the shaft and disc or plate, and a casing within which the disc rotates in a
horizontal or approximately horizontal plane. The casing may be open at the
bottom so that it can be placed in a vessel into which the butter granules or partly
converted cream as the case may be, produced by the concussion of the cream with
the inner side of the casing, will fall and which may be used as a washing vessel
for washing the butter granules, or as a receiver for the partly couverted cream.
Or the body of the churn may be mounted to reverse and so bring the cream at the
bottom into a position on top from which it will pour down on to the rotating disc.
In either case it may be provided with an outlet at the bottom for running off its
liquid contents.
In another arrangement the rotary body consists of two or more dises or plates of
different sizes fixed upon a vertical or approximately vertical shaft provided with
speed gearing. The discs or plates are arranged in the order of their size, the
smallest being at the top, and are mounted to rotate in a vessel or casing the cross
section of which also increases from top to bottom as for example by making it in
the form of short cylinders arranged opposite the peripheries of the discs or plates,
and connected by truncated cones the arrangement being such that the cream
thrown against one part of the casing will in falling therefrom drop upon the disc
or plate next below and so on to the bottom. The vessel or casing may be open or
closed at the bottom. In the former case it may when in use be arranged above a
vessel containing water into which the butter granules can fall. In the latter case
means are provided for supplying water to the lower portion of the vessel. In such
8 case the driving shaft may be made hollow and formed with exit apertures
controlled by a valve arranged to work in the hollow shaft.
In a further construction the rotary body resembles in external form a stepped
pulley mounted to rotate in a vessel or casing of corresponding internal shape.
"

page_text: The upper side of the disc or rotary body may be horizontal or inclined, and he
plain or concaved or roughened fluted or serrated.
It is to be understood that I do not confine myself to a rotary body of circular
form in plan, as any other suitably shaped body that will act, when rotated, to throw
off in a lateral or horizontal direction, cream fed upon it, can be used according to
my invention.
D
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F
1
100
:
партоешения т аpparatus for making Butter.
I, JOHN HENRY HILL DUNCAN, of 39 Coleman Street, in the City of London,
Chartered Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to a construction of apparatus designed to enable
cream to be quickly converted into butter with the expenditure of comparatively
very little power.
My apparatus comprises one or more discs, plates or other suitably shaped rotary
bodies, mounted to be rapidly rotated about a vertical or slightly inclined axis
within a vessel or casing, and upon which the cream to be treated is caused to flow
in a regulated stream, the arrangement being such that the cream will be thrown
off laterally by centrifugal force, and dashed against the inner side of the vessel or
casing from which it will fall, it may be to the bottom of the vessel or casing if it
has been converted into butter by the one concussion, or, if not, onto another rapidly
rotating disc, plate, or rotary body, or an extension of the first mentioned rotary
body, from which it will he again thrown off and concussed, these operations being
repeated, if necessary, until the conversion of the cream takes place."
Churning apparatus to operate on this principle may be constructed and arranged
in various forms.
The upper side of the disc or rotary body, or of each of them when several are
used, may be horizontal or inclined, and be plain or concave, or roughened, fluted or
serrated.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, showing the apparatus in its
simplest form.
can be
In this case the apparatus comprises a single disc 1, fixed upon a vertical shaft 2,
carried by a foot-step or equivalent bearing 3; speed gearing comprising bevel.
gear 4, shaft 5, and mechanism, not shown, but which may be similar to that of an
ordinary centrifugal cream separator, whereby the shaft 2 and disc 1
rotated at a
high rate of speed, say several thousands of revolutions per minute;
and a casing 6 within which the disc rotates in a horizontal or approximately
horizontal plane. The cream to be treated should be fed to the rapidly revolving
disc in such a way that it will not bounce off therefrom but will flow over and
gradually attain the speed of such disc. For this purpose the disc or rotary body
may be dished at its central portion, as shown, to form a cavity 1, into which the
cream is conducted, it may be through a pipe 8 the discharging end of which is
arranged to dip into the said cavity up and over the side of which the cream will
rise by centrifugal action, and be discharged over the outer annular surface of the
disc, and so be subjected to violent concussion with the inner surface of the casing 6.

page_text: This casing may be open at the bottom, as in the example shown, so that it can be
placed in a vessel 7 into which the butter granules, or partly converted cream, as
the case may be, produced by the concussion of the cream with the inner side of the
casing, will fall, and which may subsequently be used as a washing vessel for
washing the butter granules. 9 is an opening normally closed by a plug 9 by
removing which the contents of the vessel can be run off and again delivered, if
necessary, to the disc 1 through the pipe 8, these operations being repeated until
the whole of the cream is converted into butter granules.
Fig. 2 is a similar view to Fig. 1, but in which the disc-like or rotary body is
formed with a downward extension arranged to dip into the cream collecting in the
closed bottom of the vessel or casing 6, the arrangement being such, that the cream,
after being delivered through the hollow shaft 2 and opening 2 into the cavity 1*
of the rotary body 1 and being thrown outward by centrifugal force into contact
with the vessel 6, will fall to the bottom of the vessel whence it will be picked up,
in consequence of its viscosity, by the lower end of the rapidly rotating body, and
be delivered in the form of a thin film to the lower curved surface of the body
over which it will flow to the outer periphery, whence it will be again thrown into
violent contact with the wall of the vessel, these operations being repeated in a
practically continuous manner until the whole of the cream is converted into butter
granules, which fail to be picked up, and are thus prevented from being aggregated
into a homogeneous mass of butter. The butter granules thus formed may be
removed and washed in the ordinary manner.
The body of the churn may be so mounted that it can be reversed and so bring
the cream at the bottom into a position on top from which it will again pour down
on to the rotating disc.
Fig. 3 shows partly in vertical section and partly in elevation, an arrangement
of this kind in which the vessel 6 is provided with trunnions 6* mounted in
bearings 10 and one of which is provided with a hand wheel 11 by which the vessel
can be reversed in position, that is, turned upside down, from time to time, so that
the charge of cream can be treated as described several times in succession and until
completely converted into butter granules. A pin 12 passed through one or other
of two holes in the said hand wheel and adjacent bearing, serves as a convenient
means to hold the vessel in place for the time being. In this case the vessol may
be fitted with hollow conical guide pieces 13, each of which, when uppermost, serves
to direct the cream upon the central recessed portion of the disc. The vessel is
provided at each end with a cover 6 having a charging and discharging aperture 9
the lower of which, for the time being, is closed by a plug 9. The driving shaft 5
in this case is provided with a pinion 5 in gear with a large toothed wheel 5° that
is arranged co-axially with the trunnions so that the pinion 5 will run round it
when the vessel 6 is reversed in position.
Fig. 4 shows partly in vertical section and partly in elevation, and Fig. 5 in side
clevation, another arrangement in which the rotary body consists of a number of
discs 1 of different sizes fixed upon a vertical or approximately vertical shaft 2
provided with speed gearing 4 as before. The discs are arranged in the order of
their size, the smallest being at the top, and are mounted to rotate in a vessel or
casing 6 the cross section of which also increases from top to bottom, as for
example by making it in the form of short cylinders arranged opposite the
peripheries of the discs or plates, and connected by short truncated cones, as shown,
the arrangement being such that the cream thrown outward against the upper part
of the casing from the topmost disc 1 will in faliing therefrom, drop upon the disc
next below, and so on to the bottom. The vessel or casing may be open or closed
at the bottom. In the former case, the vessel or casing 6 may, when in use, be
arranged above a vessel containing water into which the butter granules can fall.
In the latter case, which is that shown in Figs. 3 and 4, means are provided for
supplying water to the lower portion of the vessel. For this purpose, the driving
shaft 2 may be made hollow and be formed with upwardly inclined exit apertures 14
arranged below the several discs or plates and controlled by a piston valve 15

page_text: 1 J.
3
te
"arranged to work in the hollow shaft and provided with au operating rod 16. The
bearing 3upon which the shaft rotates, is made hollow and with à r
extension 3 to which is secured a pipe 17 through which water"
water can be delivered.
With this arrangement,"by drawing the valve 15 upward, so as to uncover the
apertures 14 below one or more of the discs at the point' or points where the butter
breaks; water can be caused to' issue against the underside of 'the corresponding
disc or discs from which it will then be thrown off by centrifugal force, and be
brought into intimate contact with the butter granules, so as to automatically effect
a preliminary washing of such butter granules. The vessel 6 may be fitted with a
pane of glass 18 to enable the point at which the butter breaks and the points at
which water should be admitted; to be easily determined. Instead of a piston
valve 15, there may be arranged within the hollow shaft 2, a tube 15 (Fig. 54)
formed with water discharge openings 15 arranged spirally around the tube but in
the same horizontal planes as the holes 14 in the shaft, these openings 15b being
made of different lengths in a 'circular direction, so that by rotating the tube, the
holes 14 will be successively uncovered; commencing from the bottom, and will
remain uncovered until the tube is again returned to its initial position in which the
openings 15 and 14 are out of line with each other.
*::*
Fig. 6 is a similar view to Fig. 4'showing an arrangement in which a number of,
discs li having dished centres like the one shown in Fig. 1, are fixed upon the
shaft 2, and the vessel 6 is provided with a number of removable ring
triangular form in cross section, which serve to direct the "cream that has been
rings 13, of
thrown outward by one disc, into the cavity of the next lower disc, the operation
being the same as in the other constructions herein before'described.
The disc 1, or each disc, may be provided with a cover 1°, as shown in section in
Fig. 7,8 60 as in effect to form a-hollow disc to which cream may be admitted
through a hollow shaft 2, or through an opening formed" in the cover 1 and
surrounding the shaft.
t
1*
$12
It is to be understood that I do not 'confine myself to a rotary body of circular
form in plan, as any other suitably shaped lody that will act, when rotated, in the
manner herein described, to throw off in a lateral or horizontal direction, cream féd
upon it, can be used according to mylinvention.
Thus Fig. 8 is a sectional plan, showing an'arrangement in which the rotary body
consists of a number of bent hollow arms 1 carried by 'a'boss 1' by which they are
fixed to the hollow shaft-2. With this arrangement cream is 'admitted to the inner
ends of the: arms from the hollow shaft and thrown from the outer ends against the
vessel 6, as before, when the shaft and arms are rapidly rotated.
11.15.
1.1.
I am aware that it has long since been proposed to make butter by means of
device consisting of vanes or blades carried by a'shaft and connected at their outer
ends by a ring or casing, such device being 'arranged to rotate in a mass of cream
which, when the device is rotated, 'is caused 'to flow 'up inside the ring and is then
projected outward by centrifugal force against 'the 'inside of a containing vessel.
Such a device, which I do not clain, is obviously essentially different from discs,
plutes or equivalent rotary bodies of 'the kind herein described as 'of my 'invention.
***
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. Apparatus for making butter, comprising one or more discs, plates or other
equivalent rotary bodies mounted to rotate about a vertical or approximately
vertical axis within a vessel or casing, and upon which the cream to be treated can
be caused to flow in a regular manner, and speed gearing whereby the shaft and
rotary body or bedies can be rotated at a high speed, the arrangement being such
that when the shaft is rapidly rotated, cream delivered upon the inner or central
portion of the rotary body, or each of them, will, by centrifugal action, be caused to
How outward over the surface of the said body or bodies and be thrown off
laterally or horizontally and dashed violently against the inner side of the vessel

page_text: or casing so as to be converted into butter granules, substantially as herein
described.
2. Butter making apparatus of the kind specified in the preceding claim, con-
structed with a number of disc-like or equivalent rotary bodies arranged one above
the other in such a way that cream thrown off from one will be directed onto the
next below so that it will be subjected several times in succession to concussion
with the inner surface of the containing vessel, substantially as herein described.
3. Butter making apparatus of the kind specified in the preceding claims, con-
structed with one or more discs or equivalent rotary bodies made, or each made,
concave on its upper side so as to form a cavity into which the cream can be fed
and from which it will flow out in a thin sheet or film over the upper outer
surface of the said disc or body when the same is rapidly rotated, substantially as
herein described.
4. Butter making apparatus constructed arranged and operating substantially as
hereinbefore described with reference respectively to and shown in Fig. 1; in
Fig. 2; in Fig. 3; in Figs. 4, 5 and 54; in Fig. 6; and in Fig. 8 of the drawings.
annexed, whether or not the upper side of the disc, or each of them be provided
with a cover as shown in Fio. 7.
Dated this 5th day of April 1895.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.