Improvements in Apparatus for Evaporating Liquors Containing Salts and for Separating such Salts when Rendered Insoluble by Evaporation of the Liquors.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 21st Jan., 1891-Accepted, 22nd June, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Evaporating Liquors Containing
Salts and for Separating such Salts when Rendered Insoluble
by Evaporation of the Liquors.
Communicated from abroad by Dr. SIGISMUND PICK, of Szczakowa, in Galicia.
I, EDWARD GEORGE LAWRANCE, of 74 Lancaster Gate, in the County of
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements in the apparatus described in the
Specifications of Letters Patent granted to C. 1. J. Wells dated 6th April 1887
No. 5124 and of the application for Letters Patent No. 3087 dated 26 February
1890.
In order to obtain increased circulation of the brine in the apparatus, I construct
the heating chamber with a tube (or tubes) of large diameter relatively and in
addition to a series of small tubes such as heretofore employed, this large tube
being fastened into the tube plates as are the smaller ones and the steam being
caused to pass around it in the same way as it does around them. With this
arrangement, the proportion of the volume of brine to the heating surface being
much greater in the large tube than in the smaller ones, a lower temperature
prevails in the larger tube, the rapidity of the circulation is consequently increased
and in accordance with the natural law that heated fluids or gases ascend whilst
those of a lower temperature descend, the brine in the small tubes is caused to
ascend by reason of the heat imparted to it by the steam surrounding them in the
heating chamber and when the brine reaches the upper part of the boiler it passes
to and descends through the large tube or tubes.
In the previous arrangements of apparatus the heating chamber is permanently
connected to the upper and lower parts of the boiler in such a manner as not to be
removable for examination or cleaning of the tubes if necessary or for any other
purpose. The upper part of the boiler moreover rests at all times upon and is
supported by the heating chamber and the lower portion of the apparatus.
Now according to the present invention in order to enable the heating chamber
to be readily withdrawn from the other parts of the apparatus for examination,
cleaning or other purpose, without damaging any portion of the apparatus, the
bottom of the upper part of the boiler, as also the top and bottom of the heating
chamber and the top of the tapered or funnel shaped lower part of the boiler
immediately beneath the heating chamber are formed each with a horizontal flange
or rim and means are provided for fastening these parts together with interposed
packing of suitable material such as india rubber. According to one arrangement
the flanges are formed with notches gaps or slots and for fastening them together
hinged screw bolts and nuts are employed.
For the upper part of the boiler there is an independent support (or supports)
with raising and lowering mechanism for a purpose mentioned hereinafter,
According to one arrangement, the upper part of the boiler rests on girders and
the raising and lowering is effected by screw jacks supported on suitable columns,
sufficient space being left to allow of the heating chamber being withdrawn and
replaced; but this arrangement can be varied.
When it is desired to examine or to clean the heating chamber the hinged screw
bolts or other appliances which connect it at the top and bottom respectively with
the upper and lower parts of the boiler are unfastened, then the upper part of the
boiler is raised very slightly by operating the raising and lowering mechanism,
then by any convenient means the heating chamber is withdrawn by sliding it

page_text: horizontally from between the upper and lower parts of the boiler. The desired
examination, cleansing etc. can then be effected, after which the heating chamber is
slidden back into its original position, the upper part of the boiler is lowered onto
it by means of the raising and lowering mechanism, and the heating chamber is
secured to the upper and lower parts of the apparatus in the same way as before
by means of the hinged screw bolts or their equivalent.
Dated this 22nd day of March 1890.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Evaporating Liquors Containing
Salts and for Separating such Salts when Rendered Insoluble
by Evaporation of the Liquors.
Communicated from abroad by Dr. SIGISMUND PICK, of Szczakowa, in Galicia.
I, EDWARD GEORGE LAWRANCE, of 74 Lancaster Gate, in the County of
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
This invention has reference to improvements in the apparatus described in the
Specifications of Letters Patent granted to C. I. J. Wells dated 6th April 1887
No. 5124 and of the application for Letters Patent No. 3087 dated 26 February
1890, as will proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section, partly in elevation of evaporating and separating
apparatus constructed according to this invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross section on the line. Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an elevation to a larger scale, illustrating the construction adopted to
admit of the heating chamber being readily removed from and replaced between
the upper and lower parts of the evaporator.
1 is the upper part; 2 the lower part; and 3 the intermediate part or heating
chamber of the evaporator. Below the part 2 there is a vacuum filter. At 4 there
is a sluice valve the casing of which forms a connection between the lower part 2
of the evaporator and the upper part 5 of the vacuum filter. 6 is the lower part of
the vacuum filter. The part I is made of greater diameter than the heating
chamber 3 it is provided with a pipe 7 furnished with a valve 8; a vacuum
gauge 9 and a sight hole 1". The heating chamber 3 consists of a cylindrical
shell within which are secured two flanged tube plates 10 in which are fixed tubes 11
that serve to place the upper and lower parts of the evaporator in communication
and which are made of gradually increasing cross sectional area from their upper
towards their lower ends.
13 is
12 is an inlet pipe with valve for admitting steam to the heating chamber.
a connection for a steam trap. 14 is a pressure gauge. 15 is a girder for carrying
the lower part 2 of the evaporator. 16 is an inlet pipe by which liquor can be
admitted to the lower part of the evaporator. The bottom part 6 of the filter
carrying the filtering medium is hinged at 6 to the top part so that it can be
quickly turned down as indicated in dotted lines to allow salt in the top part 5 to
fall into a truck 28 placed below to receive it. The bottom part has jointed to it
screw bolts 24 (one only of which can be seen in the drawings) provided with
nuts 26 whereby the two parts of the filter can be firmly held together but never-
theless in such a manner as to admit of readily releasing the bottom part.
19 and 20 are inlet pipes with valves through which air and water respectively can
be admitted to the top part 5 of the filter. 27 is a length of flexible pipe or hose
connecting the outlet branch G of the bottom part, with a pipe 27" that is provided

page_text: with a valve 27 and is connected at its upper end with the upper part 1 of the
evaporator.
The construction, arrangement and operation of the several parts of the apparatus
hereinbefore described are substantially the same as that of the correspondingly
marked parts described and shown in my said former application No, 3087 of
1890.
In order to obtain increased circulation of the brine in apparatus of the kind
hereinbefore described, I construct the heating chamber with a tube 11ª, or there
may be more than one, of large diameter relatively and in addition to the series of
small tubes 11, this large tube being fastened into the tube plates 10 as are the
smaller ones and the steam in the heating chamber being caused to pass around it
in the same way as it does around them. With this arrangement the proportion of
the volume of brine to the heating surface being much greater in the large tube
than in the smaller ones, a lower temperature prevails in the larger tube, the
rapidity of the .circulation is consequently increased, and in accordance with the
natural law that heated fluids or gases ascend, whilst those of a lower temperature
descend, the brine in the small tubes is caused to ascend by reason of the heat
imparted to it by the steam surrounding them in the heating chamber, and when
the brine reaches the upper part of the boiler it passes to and descends through the
large tube or tubes. An active and efficient circulation of the brine in the
evaporator is thus obtained.
In the previous arrangements of apparatus the heating chamber is permanently
connected to the upper and lower parts of the boiler in such a manner as not to be
readily removable for examination or cleaning of the tubes if necessary or for any
other purpose.
Now according to the present invention in order to enable the heating chamber
to be readily withdrawn from the other parts of the apparatus for examination,
cleaning or other purpose without damaging any portion of the apparatus, the
bottom of the upper part 1 of the boiler or evaporator as also the top and bottom
of the heating chamber 3 and the top of the tapered or funnel shaped lower part 2
of the boiler immediately beneath the heating chamber are formed each with a
horizontal flange or rim 29 and means are provided for fastening these parts
together with interposed packing 30 of suitable material such as india rubber.
In the arrangement shown the flanges 29 are formed with notches, gaps or slots 31
and for fastening them together hinged screw bolts 32 hinged or pivotted at 33 and
provided with nuts 34 are employed as clearly shown in Fig. 3.
When it is desired to remove the heating chamber for any purpose, the nuts
on the screw bolts are turned sufficiently to enable the said bolts to be turned
out of the notches in the flanges, thus releasing the heating chamber. The upper
part of the evaporator is then raised very slightly by operating raising and
lowering mechanism of any suitable construction such as screw jacks 35 (shown in
dotted lines in Fig. 1) resting on the girder 15. The heating chamber is then
slightly raised by any convenient means from the lower packing 30 and moved
horizontally from between the upper and lower parts of the evaporator. The
desired examination, cleansing &c. can then be effected after which the heating
chamber is replaced by moving it into position between the upper and lower
parts 1 and 2 respectively, lowering the upper part onto the upper flange of the
heating chamber, returning the bolts into the notches of the flanges, and tightening
the nuts.
In some cases the upper part 1 of the evaporator may be provided with an inlet
pipe 36 for admitting liquor thereto at a point above the normal level of the liquor
therein. The lower part 2 may be provided with one or more pipes 37 for drawing
off concentrated solutions and conducting them to a suitable storing or crystallizing
receptacle or receptacles.
As will be obvious a single apparatus constructed as hereinbefore described can
be used by itself, or two or more may be connected together for multiple effect
working, as well understood.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I am
aware that it has before been proposed to construct a heating chamber with a
number of small tubes through which liquor might ascend from a lower to an
upper part of an evaporating apparatus, and with a tube of larger diameter for
descent of cooler liquor and I therefore do not claim per se a heating chamber so
constructed, but what I do claim is :-
The herein described improved construction of apparatus of the kind hereinabove
referred to for evaporating liquors containing salts and for separating such salts, in
which the heating chamber 3 has circulating tubes 11 and 11" and is adapted to be
readily removed from and replaced and refixed between the upper and lower
parts 1 and 2 of the evaporator substantially as described and shown.
Dated this 21st day of January 1891
E. G. LAWRANE,
Per C. S. Sowerby.
W. Lloyd Wise,
Per F. J. Brougham,
London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.