IMPROVEMENTS IN PENTAGRAPH ENGRAVING MACHINES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Mowat at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1883..
JOHN MOWAT, of Barrhead, in the County of Renfrew, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PENTAGRAPH ENGRAVING MACHINES,"
This Invention, which relates to pentagraph engraving machines, is a development
and simplification of that for which Letters Patent were granted to the present
applicant, and dated 14 December 1882, N° 5970; and the object of the present, as
of the former Invention, is mainly to provide means of compensating for variations
of the diameter of the cylinders on which patterns are engraved.
According to the present Invention, the mandrel which carries the roller to be
engraved is fitted with a movable disc, or with a set of discs of different diameters
or with a stepped disc on each side of the roller, which rest or bear upon the
ordinary plain discs on the actuating rocking shaft below. The steps of the discs
are of different diameters which may each be adapted for certain sizes of rollers for
any one pattern. The stepped discs are so fitted on the mandrels as to be capable
of lateral adjustment to bring any one or any pair of the disc steps on to the
actuating disc below, or the actuating disc may be made capable of lateral
adjustment.
This arrangement of stepped discs provides for the adjustment by small
increments of the position of the cylinder in relation to the actuating discs on the
rock shaft, and consequently for the diminution in varying degrees of the pattern
to be engraved on the cylinder.
When the size of cylinder to be engraved is not such that the "repeat" of the
pattern used can be made to fit exactly on the periphery of the cylinder, by the
use of the stepped discs, the necessary additional adjustment is obtained by slightly
raising or lowering the cradle of the machine in the usual way.
Instead of the stepped discs described a single broad conical or beveled disc may
pe fitted on the mandrel on each side of the printing roller to be engraved in which

page_text: case the actuating discs on the rock shaft may be correspondingly beveled or
formed with a milled bearing edge. By adopting this arrangement of beveled
discs the printing roller may be adjusted in relation to the rock shaft with great
nicety and the usual'mode of adjustment by raising or lowering the cradle may be
dispensed with.
The stepped discs or beveled discs on the mandrel may be made in sets adapted
to give any degree of diminution. For example, one pair of discs may be used to
reduce the pattern being engraved on the printing cylinder to one fifth of the size
of that on the zinc plate from which it is copied, another pair may give three
diminutions, and other pairs may give other degrees of diminution, the discs being
fitted on the mandrel, so that they may be readily removed and replaced. The
pulleys which are fitted on the oscillating frame carrying the tracer, and which
actuate the carriage fitted with the diamonds or gravers, must be made and fitted
in sizes to give the corresponding degrees of diminution on the printing cylinder
in the lateral direction.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions. of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Mowat in the Patent Office on the 13th March 1884.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
JOHN MOWAT, of Barrhead in the County of Renfrew,
PENTAGRAPH ENGRAVING MACHINES
"
My said Invention, which relates to pentagraph engraving machines is a
development and simplification of that for which Letters Patent were granted to
me, and dated 14th December 1882, N° 5970; and the object of the present, as of
the former Invention, is mainly to provide means of compensating for variations of
the diameter of the cylinders on which patterns are engraved.
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which figure 1 is
a sectional elevation of a pentagraph engraving machine to which my Improvements
are adapted, and figure 2 is an enlarged view of the roller and rock shaft.
According to the present Invention, the mandrel A which carries the roller B to
be engraved is fitted with a movable disc, or with a set of discs of different
diameters or with a stepped disc C on each side of the roller, which discs C rest or
hear upon the ordinary plain or roughened discs D on the actuating rocking
shaft E below. The steps c of the discs are of different diameters which may each
be adapted for certain sizes of rollers for any one pattern. The stepped discs Care
so fitted and secured on the mandrels A as to be capable of lateral adjustment to
bring any one size of the disc steps c of each disc C on to the actuating disc D
below; or the actuating disc D may be made capable of lateral adjustment. This
arrangement of stepped discs C provides for the adjustment by small increments of
the position of the cylinder B in relation to the actuating discs D on the rock
shaft E, and consequently for the diminution in varying degrees of the pattern to
be engraved on the cylinder.
When the size of cylinder to be engraved is not such that the repeat of the
pattern used can be made to fit exactly on the periphery of the cylinder by the use
of the stepped discs, the necessary additional adjustment is obtained by slightly
raising or lowering the cradle F of the machine in the usual way. Instead of the
stepped discs described a single broad conical or beveled disc may be fitted on the
mandrel A on each side of the printing roller B to be engraved, in which case the
actuating discs D on the rock shaft E may be correspondingly beveled or formed
with a milled bearing edge. By adopting this arrangement of beveled discs the
printing roller B may be adjusted in relation to the rock shaft E with great nicety
and the usual mode of adjustment by raising or lowering the cradle F may be
dispensed with.
The stepped discs C, or the beveled discs, on the mandrel A may be made in sets
adapted to give any degree of diminution. For example, one pair of discs may be
used to reduce the pattern being engraved on the printing cylinder B to one fifth
of the size of that on the zinc plate (on the "cradle" F) from which it is copied,
another pair may give three diminutions and other pairs may give other degrees of
diminution, the discs C being fitted on the mandrel A, so that they may be readily
removed and replaced.
The pulleys G which are fitted on the oscillating frame H carrying the tracer or
style h and which actuate the carriage fitted with the diamonds or gravers, must
be made and fitted in sizes to give the corresponding degrees of diminution on the
printing cylinder in the lateral direction.
When a single movable disc is fitted on each end of the mandrel A as hereinbefore
referred to, a number of spare discs of graduated sizes or corresponding in size to
each of the steps c are supplied and are made interchangeable so that a larger or
smaller pair may replace those on the mandrel when required.

page_text: Having now particularly described the nature of my said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is,―
First. In pentagraph engraving machines of the cradle class, the stepped or
beveled discs C in combination with the shaft or mandrel A, as and for the purpose
Bet forth.
Second. In pentagraph engraving machines of the cradle class, the stepped or
beveled discs Ċ fitted adjustably on the shaft or mandrel A, as and for the purpose
set forth.
Third. In pentagraph engraving machines of the cradle class, the combination of
a stepped or beveled disc C on each end of the roller shaft or mandrel, with the
ordinary actuating. discs on the rocking shaft of the machine, as and for the purpose
set forth.
Fourth. In pentagraph engraving machines of the "cradle" class, the combination
with the roller shaft or mandrel of movable and interchangeable discs fitted
thereon, and actuated by the usual discs on the rocking shaft of the machine, as
and for the purpose set forth.
In Witness Whereof, I, the said John Mowat, have hereunto set my hand and
seal this eleventh day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty four.
Witness
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER, C.E.
Fel. Inst. Patent Agents
96 Buchanan Street
Glasgow.
JOHN: MOWAT (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Belhaven Henry Cochrane of Quarr Abbey,
Ryde Isle of Wight in the county of Southampton, Lieutenant in Royal
Navy for an Invention of "AN DIPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
FIXING THE POLES EMPLOYED FOR STRETCHING LAWN TENNIS AND OTHER
NETS INTO THE GROUND."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Belhaven Henry
Cochrane at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September
1883.
THOMAS BELHAVEN HENRY COCHRANE, of Quarr Abbey, Ryde Isle of Wight in
the County of Southampton Lieutenant in Royal Navy. "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF AND APPARATUS FOR FIXING THE POLES EMPLOYED FOR STRETCHING LAWN
TENNIS AND OTHER NETS INTO THE GROUND."
Whereas the ordinary methods employed in fixing the poles such as are used in
Lawn Tennis and similar games for stretching and tightening the nets as for
instance by blocks let into the ground or by providing a screw made on or affixed
to the ends of the poles and thus screwing them into the ground or by tightening
up the nets by means of ropes and stays attached to the poles, all of which
methods have been found to be either ineffective or costly.
Now my invention has reference to an improved method of fixing such poles in
a ready and inexpensive manner.
And it consists in using and adapting pieces of iron (or other suitable metal)
tubing, (preferably about 18 inches long and 3 inches in diameter) to form a socket
for the poles when such tubes are driven into the ground.
These sockets may be left in the ground when the net and poles are removed
and are then supplied with caps or covers to prevent the sockets becoming filled
with dirt or other substances.
•
In order to facilitate the fixing of such sockets in the ground I employ wooden
points which are inserted in and project beyond the end of the socket that is
driven into the ground.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Belhaven Henry Cochrane in the Patent Office on the
13th March 1884.
THOMAS BELHAVEN HENRY COCHRANE of Quarr Abbey, Ryde Isle of Wight
in the County of Southampton, Lieutenant in the Royal Navy "AN IMPROVED 5
METHOD OF, AND APPARATUS FOR, FIXING THE POLES EMPLOYED FOR STRETCHING
LAWN TENNIS AND OTHER NETS INTO THE GROUND
"
are used
Whereas by the ordinary methods employed in fixing the poles such as are
in Lawn Tennis and similar games for stretching and tightening the nets (as for
instance by blocks let into the ground, or by providing a screw made on or affixed 1
to the ends of the poles, and thus screwing them into the ground, or by tightening
up the nets by means of ropes and stays attached to the poles which have been
driven into the ground, or by other such methods) all of such methods have been
found to be either costly or else ineffective..
Now my Invention has reference to an improved method of fixing such poles in
a ready and inexpensive manner, whereby the net secured thereto may be stretched
as required and consists in adapting and using pieces of iron or other suitable
metal tubing (preferably about eighteen inches long and three inches in diameter)
so as to form sockets for the poles when such tubes are driven into the ground.
These sockets may be left in the ground when the net and poles are removed, and
are then supplied with suitable caps or covers to prevent the entrance of dirt and
other foreign substances.
. In order to facilitate the fixing of such sockets in the ground wooden points
are, or may be inserted in and projecting beyond that end of the socket which
enters the ground. Or if preferred the end of the sockets may be pointed by
hammering or other suitable means.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention I will proceed to describe
more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed by the aid of the
accompanying Drawings in which are represented the several parts of apparatus
above referred to.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS,
Fig 1 Is a vertical section shewing the two poles fitted into their sockets, such
sockets being pointed by hammering or other suitable means.
Fig: 2 Shews in vertical section one of these sockets detached which is formed
with a flange or plate to prevent its passing into the ground and is provided
internally at its upper end with a female screw in order that the screwed plug and
handle shewn in fig: 3 may be inserted for the purpose of readily withdrawing
the socket from the ground as required. Figures 4 and 7 show caps or covers
suitable for plain or screwed sockets.
Fig: 6 is a vertical section of a socket with its upper rim burred over so as to
be drawn out of the ground when required and in the lower end of this socket is
also arranged a wooden point which is inserted in the tube to facilitate the sinking
of the socket into the ground.
Fig: 5 is a plan view of Fig: 2. In these several figures the same letters o
reference indicate corresponding parts
A. A. are the pieces of iron tubing adapted and used as sockets for the poles B. B
The sockets A. A. when left in the ground are supplied with caps or covers C. C
to prevent the entrance of dirt or other foreign substances.

page_text: D is a wooden point fitted to a socket, and E E are the pointed ends of the
sockets both methods of pointing being adapted to facilitate the driving of the
socket into the ground
F is the screw plug for fitting into the female screw G for the purpose of
withdrawing the socket from the ground when required. The tightening up of the
net may be effected in any convenient manner.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed I hereby declare that what I claim as of my
Invention is.―
First. The adaptation and application of a tubular flanged or burred socket of
metal for the purpose of fixing poles used in lawn tennis and similar purposes
substantially as hereinbefore described.
And Secondly: The adaptation and application to such sockets of the several
appliances for fixing covering and withdrawing the same substantially as and for
the purposes herein before described.
In witness whereof I the said Thomas Belhaven Henry Cochrane have hereunto
set my hand and seal the thirteenth day of March in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty four.
0 Witness
WM. H. SPENCE
8 Quality Court
Chancery Lane
THUMAS. B. H. COCHRANE,
(L.8.)