AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINE TO BE USED FOR AGRI- CULTURAL PURPOSES IN PERFORMING THE COMBINED OPERATIONS OF PLOUGHING, HARROWING AND SCARIFYING to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
We JOSEPH BROAD and JOHN BROAD both of Bank Street, Ashford, in the
County of Kent, Oil and. Tallow Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of our
invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINE TO BE USED FOR AGRI-
CULTURAL PURPOSES IN PERFORMING THE COMBINED OPERATIONS OF PLOUGHING,
HARROWING AND SCARIFYING to be as follows:-
"
In the combined ploughing, harrowing and scarifying apparatus according to our
invention, we arrange at the fore or leading end thereof, a drum or cylinder having
mounted upon the axis thereof, a wheel (by preference a chain wheel) of reduced
diameter, around which is passed, in the case of a chain wheel being employed,
an endless driving chain which is caused to work round a chain wheel of considerably
reduced diameter to that of the first named, and arranged in a suitable framing.
The said latter wheel has mounted upon its axis a drum or cylinder to which rotary
motion is imparted by means of the arrangement just described. The said drum
or cylinder is fitted with a series of blades or knives for performing the functions
of a plough, said blades or knives not however being of the shape of an ordinary
plough share, but comparatively therewith, short and narrow say for instance
about 9 inches long by 2 inches wide and tapering to a point so as to completely
pulverise the land being ploughed up.
The harrowing and scarifying operations respectively are accomplished as follows.
The whole combined apparatus on being impelled either by horse or steam power
gives motion to a drum, cylinder, or roller having mounted on its axis a wheel-by
preference a chain wheel-which is caused to rotate, through the interposition (in
the case of a chain wheel being employed) of a driving chain,-two other such
wheels having mounted on the axis of each, a drum or cylinder having adapted
thereto a series of spikes corresponding in shape with those used in an ordinary
harrow. The direction of motion of the second harrowing drum or cylinder being
the reverse of the one arranged in front of it. At the rear end of the machine
another wheel (by preference a chain wheel) is mounted, and is operated by said
last mentioned chain (or its equivalent) which latter imparts its notion to a drum
or cylinder having arranged thereon a series of short blades or cutters for performing

page_text: the operation of scarifying the soil, and also for removing and collecting the couch
grass and other weeds.
The framing of the combined apparatus according to my invention is jointed so
as to allow of its travelling with facility both in a transverse as well as in a
longitudinal direction, and generally, in any direction according to the configuration
of the land being operated upon.
We wish it to be understood that instead of the chains and chain wheels herein-
before described, plain pullies and driving belting may be employed. Or, the
motion may be transmitted through the intervention of geared wheels. Also that
we provide for different kinds of ploughing, as for instance surface ploughing-in
removing the herbage of unbroken ground, medium or "breast" ploughing, and
sub-soil ploughing respectively, by adapting to the plough drum or cylinder,
knives or blades of a size and configuration to suit the requirements of said
ploughing operations.
Dated this Twenty first dose of Tumn 1001

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
We JOSEPH BROAD and JOHN BROAD both of Bank Street, Ashford in the
County of Kent Oil and Tallow Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of our
invention for AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINE TO BE USED FOR AGRI-
CULTURAL PURPOSES IN PERFORMING THE COMBINED OPERATIONS OF PLOUGHING,
HARROWING AND SCARIFYING and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be. particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In the combined ploughing, harrowing and scarifying apparatus or machine.
according to our Invention we arrange at the fore or leading end thereof a drum or
cylinder A having. mounted upon the axis thereof a wheel B (by preference a chain
wheel) of greatly reduced diameter relatively to that of the driving wheels OC,
around which is passed (in the case of a chain wheel being employed) an endless
driving chain working round a chain wheel forming part of driving wheels C C. of
considerably increased diameter to that of the first named chain wheel B.
The drum or cylinder A is fitted with a series of blades or knives a for performing
the functions of a plough. Said blades or knives not however being of the shape of
an ordinary plough share, but comparatively therewith, short and narrow; say for
instance about 9 inches long and 2 inches wide; said shape being adopted with a
view of thoroughly pulverising the land upon which the apparatus according to our
Invention is caused to operate.
The harrowing and scarifying operations, respectively, are accomplished as.
follows:-The whole combined apparatus on being impelled either by horse or
steam power, gives motion to a drum, cylinder or roller D with a chain wheel E
mounted upon each end of its axis, giving motion to chain wheels E¹ and so rotating
the drum or cylinder F. Said drums, rollers or cylinders, D, F have adapted
thereto a series of short spikes or "tines" similar to those of an ordinary harrow.
And, the direction of motion of the second or "following" harrowing cylinder or
roller F, being the reverse of that (D) arranged in front of it.
At the extreme, rear end of the apparatus according to our Invention another
wheel (by preference a chain wheel) G. is mounted and is worked from one end of
the drum or cylinder F, namely off the wheel E' as shewn in the plan view; by
which, motion is imparted to the drum or cylinder H, having arranged thereon a
series of spikes or "tines" similar to those of the harrowing cylinders or rollers D, F,
aforesaid (or instead thereof, short blades or cutters may be substituted) Said last
mentioned drum or cylinder H, fitted as aforesaid and placed at an angle as shewn,
being for the purposes of scarifying the land and of removing or displacing and
disposing in the form of rows or ridges equal to the length of the cylinder H, the
couch grass and weeds ordinarily met with.
The framing of our said combined apparatus or machine for performing the
several operations above described, is jointed at I so as to allow of its traversing
with facility both in a longitudinal as well as in a transverse direction, and
generally to suit the configuration of the land to be operated upon.

page_text: We wish it to be understood that instead of the chains and chain wheels herein
mentioned, plain pulleys and driving bands may be employed. Or, instead of
either of these arrangements, we may adopt a train or series of geared wheels-
Also, that in reference to the ploughing portion of the combined apparatus or
machine according to our Invention, the plough cylinder or roller may be fitted'
with knives, or blades of different sizes and shapes to allow of the several kinds of
ploughing being performed and according to the depth, to which the ground has to
be penetrated in carrying out the aforesaid operations, say for instance, in the cases
of shallow, or medium or breast ploughing; surface ploughing.in removing herbage
and the like from hitherto unbroken ground, and, subsoil ploughing respectively.
When it may be required to lift and transport from place to place the drums,
cylinders or rollers aforesaid, a windlass arrangement or other equivalent means
may be employed for such purposes; but, said arrangements or contrivances form
no part of our said Invention.
Having now particulary described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
:
The novel devices or contrivances constituting our said Invention by means of
which we are enabled to ensure that the machines or implements necessary for
performing the several agricultural operations of ploughing, harrowing, and
scarifying, are all comprised in one combined apparatus substantially as herein
described and set forth.
I