An Improved Pantographic Apparatus for Reproducing Designs on Different Scales or Distorted.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Sept., 1899-Accepted, 29th Dec., 1900
An Improved Pantographic Apparatus for Reproducing Designs on
Different Scales or Distorted.
I, ARTHUR ELDRITH JACOBS, of 29, Kirk Street, Cleveland, O., Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to an improved pantographic apparatus for reproducing
designs on different. scales or distorted, whereby letters or other designs can be
directly copied from a model upon paper or metal with such variations of size
or proportions as may suit the taste or convenience of the draftsman.
By means of this device designs can be reproduced from a model in great variety
of modifications in size and proportion, and the vertical and horizontal lines can
be maintained as in the model.
Further more, I add to these features of the device mechanism which acts upon
the pen to produce a diagonal movement thereof and hence, will change the ver
tical lines of the..model to oblique lines in the reproduction. I also provide
means whereby curved lines of letters can be written, as well as straight.
My invention further consists in many combinations of arrangement and mode
of operation of the various parts and in the construction of details as hereinafter
described, shown in the accompanying drawings and specified in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a plan view of the device showing it
drawing an upright letter; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the upper sliding
plate; Fig. 3 is a detail of the penholder and sliding slotted plate to which the
pen is attached; Fig. 3 shows a detail view of the spring attachment for the
pen; Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the device whereby the oblique movements
of the pen are controlled; Fig. 5 is a detail of the intermediate or second slid-
ing plate; Fig. 6 is a 'perspective view of the perforated arms which control the
vertical and horizontal movements of the pen; Fig. 6ª is a detail in perspective
of one of the self adjusting guide pins for the arms; Fig. 7 is à transverse section
on line aa Fig. 1; Fig. 8 is a transverse section and elevation on line bb,
Fig. 1; Fig. 9 is a detail of clamp for the base plate; Fig. 10 is a detail view
of the spring releasing device and lock for the model; Fig. 11 represents a word
written by the machine from models of the letters; Fig. 12 shows a word written
smaller from the same models; Figs. 13, 14, 15 and '16 show modifications made
from one model by the machine; Figs. 17, 18, and 19 represent à design and
modifications made from one model by the machine; Fig. 20 is a detail view of
the model plate; and Fig. 21 is a transverse section thereof; Fig. 22 shows
words written in curved lines and Figs. 23 & 24 show a swinging plate by means
of which this is effected: Fig. 25 shows a table for use with the spacing device;
Fig. 26 is a diagrammatic view of the device showing its operation when in use
drawing a slanting letter.
.
In these views 1 represents a draftsman's straight edge or ruler upon which
are mounted all the working parts of the device. The edge of this ruler is

page_text: graduated at 2 for the purpose hereinafter described, and the opposite edge is
provided with a narrow raised strip 80.
The various parts of the device and their relative movements may be described
as follows:
3 is a base plate which slides upon the blade of the ruler and is secured to said
strip 80 by means of guides 4, the clamp 5 being adjustable by means of the cam
pin 6 and slotted plate 7, so that the base plate 3 can easily be released from the
ruler. Sliding longitudinally upon the base plate is the plate 8 by means of
which the horizontal movements of the pen are obtained. This is secured by
means of horizontal guides 9 and 10. Upon this plate is mounted the vertically
moving plate 11 moving in a guide 12 and movably secured to the intermediate
plate by means of parallel bars 13, 13. Two sides 14 of this plate form a right
angle at 15.
It will readily be seen that by means of the two plates 8 and 11 moving in
directions at right angles to each other a universal movement is obtained for trans-
mission to the transcribing pen. These movements are controlled by means of
the bars 16 pivoted together at one end at 21 and supplied with the pins 18 at
their opposite or inner extremities. These pins enter the slotted guides 19 in
the base plate 3, which lie parallel to the sides 14 of the upper plate 11.
•
The bars 16 are perforated alike at regular intervals at 20, a scale being
engraved thereon so as to be easily seen; one end of one of the bars is extended
to form a handle at 22 and a tracing point 21 is secured at the connecting point
of the bars in a position to follow the model which is placed directly underneath.
In order to communicate movement to the two moving plates by means of the
bars, slots 23 are made in the upper plate adjacent to and parallel with the
edge 14 thereof. In these slots move the pins 24, which are set wherever desired
in the holes 20.
It will be seen that as the handle 22 is moved to trace a letter or design the
pins moving in the slots in the upper plate will communicate an equal amount
of movement to each side of the plate when they are set at equal distances from
the inner pins 18; when an unequal movement is desired the pin furthest from
the inner extremity of its respective bar will communicate the greatest degree
of movement and the pin nearest the inner point of its respective bar will afford
the least degree of movement. Thus letters or designs can be narrowed in width
as in Fig. 14 or lowered in height as in Fig. 13, at pleasure.
In Fig. 11 is seen a word composed of letters of the same or nearly the same
size as in the model and in similar proportions; in Fig. 12 both pins 24 being
moved alike nearer to the inner ends of their respective bars the degree of move-
ment is lessened in each direction and the letters are made smaller without
changing their proportions.
In Figures 17. 18 and 19 similar effects are seen with a design of a large
pitcher for a model, a gravy boat and cream-pitcher being produced therefrom.
In order to obtain slanting letters as shown in Figures 15 and 16, I employ
special mechanism to move the pen in oblique directions instead of following
absolutely the vertical movements of the sliding plate 11, this mechanism is seen
distinctly in Figures 2, 3, and 4 in detail, where 11 is the upper sliding plate upon
which is mounted in horizontal guides the sliding plate 30, moving in guides 70
and provided with the slot 31, at right angles to the direction of the guides. To
the plate 30 is attached the pen 32 by means of spring connection 33, the shape
of the spring being such that the tapered extremities 34 can be easily withdrawn
from recesses in the keepers 35.
As seen in Figures 2 and 4 the oblique movement is caused by the controller 36
placed directly underneath the plate 30. This controller is a T shaped piece of
metal the cross-arm being perforated at equal intervals at 37 and the extremity
of the other arm being mounted in the horizontal guide 38 by means of pins 39
upon either side thereof. To make the grip of these pins positive and insure a
perfect bearing, the extremity of the arm is slit at 40 to give a spring action as

page_text: the pins are separated to move on either side of the guide. This constant spring
action maintains a perfect fit free from any loose motion.
The cross bar of the T shaped controller is pivoted centrally at 41 to the
plate 11, and a pin 42 passing through the slot 31 is fixed in one of the perfora-
tions 37. In Fig. 1 such pin 42 is shown in the central perforation 37, corre-
sponding with pivot 41, so that an upright character will be formed by the appa-
ratus, while in Fig. 26 the pin 42 is in a perforation at one end of the cross bar,
thereby causing the formation of a slanting character.
The effect of this construction upon the movements of the pen is readily seen
when the plate 11 moves upward. The pen will be swung away from the vertical
to either side according to which side of the center of the bar the pin is placed,
since the pins at the extremity of the longer arm prevent vertical motion of that
part, and impart a rocking movement to the T shaped bar upon its pivot.
To prevent loose motion in the pin 42 and slot 31 a spring actuated plate 50
is set partially over the slot and is provided with a bevelled edge 51, so that the
pin will press it back when entering the slot and the spring 52 will press the
edge against the pin and insure a tight fit and prevent loose motion. For a
vertical movement the pin 42 is passed through the pivotal point 41 into the
plate beneath.
The slots 23 in the plate 11 are also closed by similar plates 53 actuated by
springs 54 for the same object.
The model 60 is seen to be a removable plate in the face of which the design
is deeply engraved to facilitate tracing with the metal point.
This plate is retained by means of keepers 61 at the top and by the spring
catch 62, pivoted at 63, and released by the thumb pieces 64, so that simply
pinching them together will remove the catch, a small lug 65 entering the
recess 66 in the model centers it. An ejecting spring (Fig. 10) 82 will throw
out the model as soon as it is released from the catch 62.
The spacing device is shown in Fig. 1. The spacing mechanism is employed
when writing consecutive letters in a line, one after the other, as shown in
Fig. 22. analogous to a typewriter.
In using this device the instrument is moved along the straight edge after one
letter is formed a sufficient distance to form another letter, and leave the required
space between the letters. This distance of course varies with each letter in the
alphabet since some are wider than others, and the exact distance is determined
by means of an arc and pivoted finger upon the bottom plate of the instrument
and a connecting arm and weight resting upon the ruler blade. The finger is
placed at the zero figure in the arc and the base plate is moved forward, the
weight and connecting rod retaining the finger meantime until it points to a pre-
determined numeral in the arc. then the letter is formed.
The finger is again moved to zero and the same movement is repeated. the
amount of movement required for the finger over the arc. being determined by
the width of the letter next to be made and the space required between the
letters.
70 is the pivoted index finger, 71 the graduated arc, and 72 is a weight con-
nected by means of the arm 73 with the index finger. The index finger is per-
forated and graduated at 100 for the insertion of the arm extremity 73. It will
be seen that if the arm is inserted near the pivot of the finger the movement will
be less than if inserted near the point. The use of this arrangement is to cor-
rectly space narrow or wide letters or any variation between them. In Fig. 23
is seen an additional plate 90 to which the base plate 3 may be attached when it
is desired to write words in curved lines as is often most convenient in map
lettering or engraving.
As seen in the figure the plate 90 is provided with an extended arm perforated
at regular intervals at 91. The pivotal point can be made at any one of these
perforations as at z, when the entire plate 90 and the machine above can be swung,
to write the letters in the arc of a circle as shown in Fig. 22.
"

page_text: The plate 90 can be detachably secured to the base plate 3 by means of pins 92
and the positions of the plates can be reversed if desired, to reverse the curve
as in Fig. 22.
In this case the spacing 72 will act as before but will rest directly upon the
paper instead of on the ruler blade which is dispensed with.
I do not confine myself to the use of a pen for reproducing the design, but
any kind of a tracing point or graving tool or wheel or etching tool may be
employed. No detail of this character limits the scope of my invention.
In Fig. 25 is shown a table by means of which the spacing device can be cor-
rectly used.
The figures in the columns represent figures on the graduated
are 71. The letters at the side of the table represent the last letters written by
the instrument, and the letters at the top of the column represent the next follow-
in letters where the horizontal and vertical columns. join will be found the
figure at which to place the index finger, upon the arc.
F
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a reproducing device the combination with a. base plate and oppositely
inoving plates mounted thereon, the upper of said plates being provided with two
sides forming a right angle, between them and with slots parallel to said sides,
of a pen actuated by said plates, and means for moving said plates to produce
predetermined movements in the pen consisting of a model adapted to be fol-
lowed by a tracing point, a pair of arms pivoted together at one extremity at
which pivotal point the said tracing point is inserted and provided at their other
extremities with guide, pins moving in. slots in the base plate and also provided
with perforations at regular intervals and pins adapted to be inserted in pre-
determined perforations in said arms and passing through the slots in said
upper plate whereby positive movements are given the said plate, substantially
as described.
2. In a reproducing device, the combination with a base plate provided with
slots at right angles to each other, of upper and intermediate plates thereon, the
said plates being adapted to move in opposite directions and the said upper plate
being provided with two slots forming a right angle. between them, and parallel
to the said slots in the said base plate, arms pivoted together at one of their
extremities and perforated at regular intervals and provided with pin guides in
their other extremities adapted to move in the slots in the said base plate, a
tracing point at the pivotal connection of the said arms, pins adapted to pass
through the slots in the upper plate and inserted in predetermined perforations
in said arms, a pen actuated by said, movable plates, and means for changing the
vertical movements of said pen to oblique movements, substantially as set forth.
3. In a reproducing device a. pen and a base plate in combination with oppo-
sitely moving plates mounted upon said base plate and constructed and arranged
to afford vertical and horizontal movements. to said. pen, a model and tracing
point, and mechanism adapted to transmit the vertical and horizontal movements
of said tracing point to said plates in any predetermined degree of either and
means for changing the vertical movements of said pen to oblique movements;
substantially as described.
re
"
4. In a reproducing device the combination with a pen and tracer, and means
for imparting to the pen vertical and horizontal movements of the tracer, of
means for changing the vertical movements .of the tracer to either right or left
oblique movements of the pen, substantially as described.
5. In a reproducing device, the combination with a pen and oppositely moving
plates adapted to impart vertical and horizontal movements to the pen,
of means for changing the said vertical movements to alternately right
or left oblique movements at pleasure, consisting of a vertically slotted
plate to which said pen is attached, the said plate being mounted

page_text: con-
in horizontal guides in the vertically moving plate aforesaid, and a
trolling device for said pen-carrying plate, consisting of a T. shaped piece pivoted
to said vertically moving plate at the intersecting point of its arms, provided
with a horizontal guide in the horizontally moving plate at the extremity of
the longer arm, with perforations in the cross-arm at regular intervals, and a
pin passing through the vertical slot in the pen-carrying plate and inserted in
one of said perforations in the cross arm of the controller, substantially as
described.
6. In a reproducing device in combination, a base plate, an intermediate plate
adapted to slide horizontally upon the base plate, and an upper plate adapted
to slide vertically upon the intermediate plate a vertically slotted pen-carrier
mounted in horizontal guides upon the vertically moving plate, and a T shaped
controlling device constructed and arranged to change the vertical movements of
the pen to oblique movements, said controlling device being pivoted upon the
vertically moving plate at the intersection of its arms, and having the cross-arm
perforated at regular intervals and the extremity of the other arm secured in a
horizontal guide in the horizontally moving plate.
7. In a device for the purpose described, slotted plates adapted to receive guid-
ing pins therein, in combination with spring actuated keepers for said pins, con-
sisting of a spring pressed side for each slot, substantially as described.
8. In a reproducing machine, a base plate mounted upon a ruler plate in guides,
a clamping device for the plate and a spacing device, said spacing device con-
sisting of a graduated arc upon the baseplate, an indicating finger, pivoted upon
the base plate, the said finger being perforated at regular intervals and marked
with a scale, and a weight adapted to rest upon the ruler blade and connected
to the index finger by means of an arm and pin at the extremity thereof, sub-
stantially as described.
9. In combination with a pen for use in a machine of the character described,
means for removably securing said pen to one of the moving parts of the device
consisting of a spring to which the pen is secured and keeper provided with
conical depressions into which the pointed extremities of the spring are secured.
10. In a reproducing device, a grooved model adapted to be inserted in said
device in combination with a spring fastening device therefor, substantially as
described.
11. In a device for the purpose described, means for taking up lost motion in
a guide pin consisting in a divided spring pin arranged substantially as and in
the manner described.
12. A spacing table for use with a lettering machine.

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