Improvements in Roofs and the like Structural Work.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 5th June, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 5th Mar., 1900-Accepted, 21st Apr., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Roofs and the like Structural Work.
I, EDWARD LLOYD PEASE, of the Parkfield Works, Stockton-on-Tees, in the
County of Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows;-
-
This invention relates to structural work of a kind which is especially adapted
for the principals of roofs including the means of covering the roof in by the
use of stretchers in conjunction with sheets with returned edges and slotted tubes
whereby a structure is made in which a shell covering is combined with the
framework and produces great strength with extreme simplicity and lightness.
The object and result of my invention is to construct an arrangement adapted
for use as the framework of a roof in which the headway or span is kept clear
of obstruction, the struts and tie bars being arranged externally to the span
of the roof, or in some cases the slotted tubular rafters are set to a curve requir-
ing no ties or struts whereby a shell covering is readily interlocked to principals
of great strength, simplicity of construction and lightness and without rivets or
bolts on the roof surface.
The essential feature of my invention consists in the means employed for dis-
pensing with the main tie. bar and all struts and tie bars connected thereto
which have hitherto obstructed the headway of the building but the means
employed to effect this improvement may be varied both in detail and general
arrangement.
In one such modification the roof consists of slotted tubes extending to and
connected by crosswise tubular bars presenting the form of a truncated triangle.
These crosswise tubular bars which I will term ridge bars are secured to the
sloping members. It will now be seen that this construction of structural elements
makes up a roof principal of the ordinary girder type. Several of these principals
are lined along the walls of the building and upon them is placed the covering
material consisting of panels with inset edges threaded into and interlocked with
the tubular beams and the stretchers.
In order to dispense with the main tie rod I extend the sloping members of
the principal downwards to project beyond each wall and erect thereon a post or
standard in line with the wall. The upper part of each post or standard is con-
nected to the upper member or ridge bar by a tie rod adjustable in tension by
nuts or the like, the strain being transmitted across from post to.
post. Another tie rod extends diagonally from each post to the slop-.
ing members, the vertical rigidity of which is maintained by other tie bars set
to the requisite angle and tensile strain for such a purpose by means of their
connection with the extended ends of the sloping members. This post or stan-
dard is secured in the trough of the sloping member or rafter, and the tie rods
are secured to a structure the walls of which are made up like the roof of panels
locking by inset flanges into slotted tubes, or if ordinary walls are used to any
suitable fixing. The connection is effected by a T bar the web of which takes a
series of through bolts passed through the open or slotted tube into which panels

page_text: are interlocked, and the lug to which the tie rod is secured is integral with or
securely attached to the flange of the said T. bar. Another form of roof prin-
cipal in which all ties and struts within the span or headway are dispensed with
consists of the ridge bar being extended and connected at each end to standards
mounted in the sloping members or rafters, the vertical rigidity of the said
standards being maintained by the combined effect of the interlocked panels and
the stiffeners.
In order to dispense with tie rods altogether the roof principal consists of an
open or slotted tube set to the form of a bow or arched girder, the panels being
locked to the principals by inset flanges and stretchers; and thin lath linings may
be sprung into position between the slotted tubes.
The above described roof principal may be modified in construction, as for
instance two rows of panels can be used in which the top part or panels of the
roof may be flat and the lower panels cambered or vice versa, and the two sets
of panels need not have the same width, the intermediate slotted tube being sup-
ported by the stretcher.
Improvements in Roofs and the like Structural Work.
I, EDWARD LLOYD PEASE, of the Parkfield Works, Stockton-on-Tees, in the
County of Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement;-
This invention relates to structural work of a kind which is especially adapted
for the principals of roofs including the means of covering the roof in by the
use of stretchers in conjunction with sheets with returned edges and slotted tubes
whereby a structure is made in which a shell covering is combined with the
framework and produces great strength with extreme simplicity and lightness.
The object and result of my invention is to devise an arrangement adapted
for use as the framework of a roof in which the headway or span is kept clear
of obstruction, the struts and tie bars being arranged externally to the span
of the roof, or in some cases the slotted tubular rafters are set to a curve requir-
ing no ties or struts whereby a shell covering is readily interlocked to principals
of great strength, resulting in simplicity of construction and lightness and with-
out rivets or bolts on the roof surface.
The essential feature of my invention consists in the means employed for dis-
pensing with the main tie bar and all struts and tie bars connected thereto.
which have hitherto obstructed the headway of the building but the means
employed to effect this improvement may be varied both in detail and general
arrangement.
And in order that my invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into effect I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompany-
ing drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a roof principal constructed
in accordance with my invention, and Fig. 2 is a similar view of part of a roof
principal illustrating a modification, all ties and struts within the span or head-
way being dispensed with in both cases, corresponding to which Figs. 3 and 4

page_text: are enlarged detail views of the same. Fig. 5 is a similar view to Fig. 1 shew-
ing a further modification of my invention, and Fig. 6 is a part sectional view
drawn to an enlarged scale and taken on line a a of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 illustrates
a roof principal which consists of an open or slotted tube with interlocked panels
set to the form of a bow or arched girder in which the tie rods are dispensed
with altogether; and Fig. 8 is a transverse sectional view of a bay of the roof
shewing the sheet, covering engaging with the tubes by means of inset edges.
Fig. 9 illustrates in transverse detail section a modification of my invention in
which two rows of panels can be used.
In the drawings, the roof consists of slotted tubes a extending to meet each
other as shown in Fig. 1 or connected by crosswise tubular bars 6 preventing the
form of a truncated triangle, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5. These crosswise tubular
bars which I will term ridge bars are secured to the sloping members a. It will
now be seen that this construction of structural elements makes up a roof prin-
cipal of the ordinary girder type. Several of these principals are lined along the
walls of the building and upon them is placed the covering material consisting
of panels with inset edges threaded into and interlocked with the tubular
beams a and the stretchers d.
Where it is desirable to keep the headway of the building clear of struts and
tie bars the combination takes the form illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, including
the detail views in Figs. 3 and 4. Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 in order to dis-
pense with the main tie rod I extend the sloping members a of the principal
downwards to project beyond each wall and erect thereon a post or standard e
in line with the wall. The upper part of each post or standard e is connected to
the upper member or ridge bar 6 by a tie rod f adjustable in tension by nuts or
the like, the strain being transmitted across from post to post. Another tie
rod f¹ extends diagonally from each post to the sloping members, the vertical
rigidity of which is maintained by other tie bars 23 set to the requisite angle
and tensile strain for such a purpose by means of their connection with the
extended ends of the sloping members a. Fig. 3 illustrates in sectional detail
and to an enlarged scale a suitable mode of securing the post or standard e in
the trough of the sloping member or rafter a; and Fig. 4 shows in sectional
detail and to the like enlarged scale how the tie rod f³ can be secured to a
structure the walls of which are made up like the roof of panels locking by inset
flanges into slotted tubes or if ordinary walls are used the said tie rod may be
secured to any suitable fixing. The connection is effected by a T bar g the web
of which takes a series of through bolts passed through the open or slotted tube
into which panels are interlocked, and the lug g¹ to which the tie rod f³ is
secured is integral with or securely attached to the flange of the said T bar.
Another way of effecting the same object is illustrated in Fig. 5. Suitable
means employed for taking up the strain in substitution for the said ties and
struts is illustrated in Fig. 6, which is a part sectional view drawn to an enlarged.
scale and taken on line x--x of Fig. 5. It will be seen that the ridge bar bis
extended and connected at each end to standards h mounted in the sloping
members or rafters a, the vertical rigidity of the said standards being maintained
by the combined effect of the interlocked panels and the stiffeners d. At the
bottom edge of the panel c for additional security the returned edge may be
bolted to the tubular bearer a.
In Fig. 7 the principal consists of an open or slotted tube set to the form of a
bow or arched girder in which tie rods are dispensed with altogether, the
panels being locked to the principals a by inset flanges and stretchers d as
shown in Fi. 8, and thin lath linings i may be sprung into position between the
slotted tubes.
Referring to Fig. 9 which illustrates in transverse detail section a roof con-
struction, the top part or panels c of the roof may be flat and the lower panels c¹
cambered or vice-versa, and the two sets of panels need not have the same width,
the intermediate slotted tube a¹ being supported by the stretcher d.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A construction adapted for use as the framework of a roof in which the head-
way or span is kept clear of obstruction by arranging the ties and struts exter-
nally to the span of the roof which otherwise consists of panels with inset flanges
interlocked into slotted tubular rafters, all combined and arranged substantially
as and for the purpose herein before described with reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 5
of the accompanying drawings.
2. A construction of the kind characterised in the preceding claim in which
slotted tubular rafters are set to a curve or arch requiring neither struts nor
ties with inset flanges interlocking with the tubular rafter substantially as here-
inbefore described with reference to Fig. 7 of the accompanying drawings.
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent, Stockton-on-Tees and Hull,
Agent for the Applicant.