Year: 1886

page_text: A clerical error in the original Specification having been amended by the
Patentee with the consent of the Comptroller, the printed Specification will now read
as shown below:-

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Apr., 1886.
Complete Left, 12th Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 25th Feb., 1887.
and Windows and Sliding Sashes of all Kinds.
WILLIAM STRONACH LOCKHART 7 Fenchurch Street, London Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in & applicable to the sashes of railway &
other carriage doors & windows & sliding sashes of all kinds, the object of my
invention being to provide improved means whereby such sashes can be raised &
lowered with great case & facility and without the necessity of having to carry the
sash over a weather strip, the sash moving in a vertical groove, in a direct line or
thereabouts, with the pit or hollow of the door. In carrying out my invention
I employ a weight or a spring operating a brake upon the sash or window & keeping
it in position which weight or spring can be released by suitable means such as a lever
or projection from either side or both sides of the door. The sash is hung by one or
more cords attached preferably to the lower part of it, which cord or cords pass each
over a pulley fixed in any suitable position then round another pulley in or attached
to a weight below & up again to a fixed point to which it is attached, the whole being
so arranged, as a double purchase system, that the travel of the weight shall be half
only of the travel of the window-sash, the total weight of the weight or weights being,
however, rather more than double that of the sash so that they shall over-balance it
& when released by the brake already mentioned, the sash shall tend to rise
automatically.
Preferably I use two weights for carriage doors, but one only or any greater
number may be employed & the system may be double purchase or any other
multiple that may be convenient. The weights also may be equal only to the weight
of the window or sash or less if desired according to the object to he attained. It is
advantageous that the said weights should be arranged to slide in guides or grooves
fixed in the stomach or lower part of the door, or for any ordinary sash in the space
below at the side or where ever else is most suitable & convenient.
The sash or window can be raised from the outside by means of a lug or projection
which allows the operator to elevate the weight or operate the spring attached to the

page_text: brake thus leaving the balance weights free to act.-Amongst the advantages of this
invention may be mentioned that I can accomplish the elevation & depression of the
sliding sash or window either from within or without in a simple & efficient manner.
For use with carriage & like sliding sashes I construct what is called a tumbling
weather board by which means I avoid the necessity of pushing sliding sashes or
windows over weather strips & thereby greatly facilitate the lowering of the sashes, as
they are always ready for direct depression.
The tumbling weather board does not move up or down with the window or sash to
which it is applied, but is hung on hinges or pivots suitably fixed in the frame work
out side or at the sides & so that while the outer end is so formed as a feather or other
suitable section to lie close to the outer framing of the door or window, the part on the
opposite side of the hing or pivot on which it may be hung extends to & enters a
recess in the sash which is preferably tipped or guarded by a metal plate to avoid
wear & form a fairly close joint. In some cases it is convenient to have no recess, but
to allow the inner edge of the weather strip to pass below the sash.
When the window or sash is depressed, the inner edge of the weather board is pushed
downwards, so that the whole is turned over into an approximately upright position,
the inner edge being lowest & the outer & now upper edge lying close to the sash.
The lower end is so formed that it approximately fills up the space outside the window
or sash & is so held firmly & prevented from again turning over, thus fo a great
extent excluding wet & draught.
When the window or sash is elevated & as it reaches the top of its travel, the
weather board is again turned over, preferably by one or more projections formed on
or attached to the sash & engaging with others suitably arranged on the weather
board, or by one or more weighted levers, which may or may not be attached or form
part of the guard strip above mentioned or by one or more springs, suitably placed
& attached to the sash or framing, so that the inner end or weather strip again enters
the recess made for it or passes underneath the sash & the outer end falls down on to
the outer framing as above described. The weather board may also be formed with a
weather strip along one or both edges in order more efficiently to exclude the weather.
It will be obvious that my improved tumbling weather board is applicable to other
kinds of sliding doors than those here described.
With regard to the brake it may consist of a shell of metal or other material or
materials pivoted as to act as a cam on the sash or it may be formed of strips of wood,
metal or other material acting on the edge of the sash & brought into play by means
of cams toggle joints or such other mechanical means as may be suitable. One or
more strips of India rubber or similar flexible material may also be used & attached
preferably to one or more edges of the sash & so that a rod or strip of metal may be
forced or drawn between them, that they may be caused to expand & nip the sash in
the frame, thus holding it in place & excluding draught & damp.

page_text: and Windows and Sliding Sashes of all Kinds.
I WILLIAM STRONACH LOCKHART, Engineer of 7 Fenchurch Street London E.C.
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to he particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to improvements in and applicable to the sashes of railway
and other carriage doors and windows and sliding sashes of all kinds, the object of my
invention being to provide improved means whereby such sashes can be raised and
lowered with great ease and facility and without the necessity of having to carry the
sash over a weather strip, the sash moving in a vertical groove in a direct line or
thereabouts with the pit or hollow of the door. My invention also relates to certain
details of construction and arrangement of the various parts all as hereinafter more
fully set forth, reference being made to the accompanying drawings which form part
of this specification and in which Figure 1. represents an elevation of the inner side
of a Railway carriage door with the garnish rail and stretcher board removed thus
shewing the arrangement of parts applied to the sliding sash of the same, the sash
heing shewn in its raised or closed position.
Figure 2 is a similar view of a door on a rather larger scale and with the weights
and pulley gear removed in order more distinctly to illustrate the mechanism and
arrangement of the brake.
Figure 3 is a cross section of the door shewing the brake attachments and a
convenient form of pull or lever for releasing the brake. The window being shown in
its closed position.
Figure is a cross section of the door shewing the weights and pulley gear, the
sash being shewn in its raised or closed position and necessarily with the weather bar
thrown over and closed.
Figure 5 represents the door in cross section, with the sash slightly depressed, thus
shewing the weather strip in its vertical position.
Figures 6, 7, 8 and 8 represent the weather bar upon a larger scale and in both
positions.
Figures 9 and 10 represent two forms of brake-bar.
Figures 11, 12 and 13 represent one of the lower pulleys with its attached
weight, and
Figures 14 and 15 represent in detail an arrangement for positively and effectively
operating the weather bar.
Like letters of reference are used to designate like parts of the apparatus in all the
various figures.
In said drawings a is the sliding sash or window to the bottom of which at each
side are fixed the metal stems b, b; through the eyelet holes e, c, of which the cords d, d,
are passed and the ends knotted or otherwise secured. A metal bar e is fixed across
the framework of the carriage behind the usual garnish rail and to this bar e pulleys f

page_text: The
are attached by means of centre pins on which they turn. Pulleys are grooved
for the reception of cords d. Metal guides, are secured to the framework or
pillars of the door while is a centre guide secured at its upper end to bar e and at
its lower end to the framework of the door. The two weights, are preferably of
cast iron and so made as to slide freely between the guides y g, and being provided
with projections or grooves at their ends for this purpose. Each weight should
preferably be rather more than the weight of the sashi, while the grooves g, g, and h
should be lined with india rubber or other similar substance or the weights may be
formed with wooden ends attached so as to prevent noise and rattle, between the
weights and the guides. Each of these weights is made with an opening through it
in which opening or slot a grooved pulley is pivoted as clearly shewn in Figures 1, 11,
and 12, and in which the weight is represented as being really hung on the pulley,
the latter being free to drop out if the weight is separately raised. By this means
loose caps and similar attachments are avoided and great simplicity of parts attained.
Cords d d already mentioned pass from their attachments at over pulleys,
round and under pulleys, and up to points of attachment, atk. k, on bar e
brake bar or strip is hung to the pillar of the door (preferably on the hinge side) by
means of links m, m, one end of said links being pivoted to the brake-bar and the
other end to the pillar. The edge of the sash is grooved to slide on the brake bar
which is preferably formed as shewn in either Figure 9 or 10, that in Figure 9
representing a brake bar of angle form running the entire length of the groove so
that the bar also serves as a guide to the sash while Figure 10 represents a form in
which the sides of the angle bar are flattened so that the edges of the sash may extend
to the groove in the pillar and the sash may thus be guided at its edges independently
of the brake bar, which form, I consider, possesses special advantages. The lower
brake lever is pivoted on a suitable fulcrum o and is provided on its outer and longer
end with a suitable spring or weight by means of which the brake bar is forced
upwards and at the same time, by the action of the links m, m, outwards from the
pillar, thus when in its normal position gripping and holding the sash, the shorter
end of said lever being pivoted to the brake / to effect the desired end. The
brake bar is preferably made smooth but under certain circumstances I may employ
notches, serrations or such similar devices to produce more friction or absolute fixture
of the sash. On the brake lever and about the centre of the door 1 attach a rod q
for the purpose of manipulating the lever from a convenient position at or near the
garnish rail, the other end of the rod being attached to a suitable lever with a finger
pull, knob or similar device such as shown at which may be conveniently attached to
the guide and by suitable arrangements passed through the garnish rail to the
inside of the carriage. It will be evident that this attachment may be modified by
substituting for it, a cam, crank or eccentric arrangement by means of which the
lever may be raised, or a simple button or finger pull with a cord or its equivalent.
may be employed. At about the point on lever I attach a lug or projection which
passes through the outer panel of the door, thus enabling a person outside the
carriage to raise the lever and release the brake. The end of this projection or lug/
may be covered as shown in Figure 3 by a suitable shield or casing. When the
window is up in its closed position as represented in Figures 3 and 4 the tumbling
weather bar is thrown over as shewn for the purpose of shedding all water and other
substances outwards and away from the well of the door but when the sash is pushed
down its lower end strikes the inner end of the pivoted weather bar which con-
sequently assumes an upright position and folds up close to the sash stopping up the
gap between the sash and the outer weather strip of the door. The weather bar a is
pivotted at each end to the pillars of the door and does not move up and down with
the sash but suitable projections or tappets re are attached to, or formed on the
bottom of the sash so that when the latter rises the tappets e, e, strike the weather
bar at a point just above the pivot, the bar being thrown over into the position shewn
in Figures 3 and 4.
::
The outer end of the weather bar is formed with a }:
feather or other suitable edge
which will lie close to the outer framing of the door, while the inner end enters a

page_text: recess in the sash which is preferably tipped or guarded by a metal plate so as to
avoid excess wear. In some cases, if desired, no recess in the sash need be made but
the inner edge of the weather bar may pass below the sash when the latter is raised.
Whichever construction is employed when the sash is lowered the inner end of the
weather bar is depressed so that said bar assumes a practically vertical position and
lies close to the sash until the same be again raised.
A small levere may also be attached to one of the stems so as to be thrown up
(just as the sash is closed) against the inner end of the weather bar by means of a
stul e fixed in the framework of the door. This construction will hold the weather
bar in position and prevent rattle and noise. One or more of such levers and
attachments may be employed.
The manner of using the window and the operation of the parts is as follows:-
The window being up or closed a person wishing to open it pulls the sash down by
any convenient attachment. It will be noticed that owing to the arrangement of
parts any downward pressure brought to bear on the brake har by means of the sash
tends to release the sash thus rendering it easy to push it down while any pressure
brought to bear in an upward direction tends to cause the brake gear to grip more
tightly. To raise the window the long arm of the brake lever n is raised against the
action of the springy by means of the lever and finger pull and the sash released
when the weights, which were raised by the lowering of the sash at once descend
and raise the sash to its highest position unless the brake be sooner released.
Although I have described the double purchase system of pulleys and cords it will
be obvious that any other multiple system may be employed one of the objects of my
invention being to so arrange the parts that the travel or motion of the weights shall
be a portion only of the travel of ile sash. It will be also obvious that instead of the
weights, springs may be attached to the door and carry pulleys, but I consider
the positive or weight action preferable but in either case it will be understood that
the weight or spring power should be amply sufficient to automatically raise the sash
so soon as the brake is released therefrom. It will also be obvious that the general
arrangement of parts as described may be employed in conjunction with other kinds
of sliding sashes than those illustrated, the railway or carriage door having been taken
for the purpose of illustration only.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The combination with a sliding sash adapted to be raised by means of counter
weights or springs of the arrangement of pulleys cords weights and guide pieces or
springs substantially as herein-before described and for the purposes set forth.
2. The combination with a sliding sash adapted to be raised by means of counter-
weights or springs of a brake » adapted to act upon the edge of the sash and means
for operating said brake all substantially as described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
8. The combination with a sliding sash of a tumbling weather bar pivoted to a fixed
part of the framework and operated by the motion of the sash or connected parts
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
4. The general arrangement and combination of parts substantially as and for the
purposes described.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Applicant's Agent.