IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Harrison, of Stanhope Street, Clare Market,
in the County of Middlesex, Smith, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OVENS."
Sealed the 21st December 1858, and dated the 8th July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Harrison at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
.8th July 1858.
I, SAMUEL HARRISON, of Stanhope Street, Clare Market, in the County of
Middlesex, Smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in ovens relates to the class of ovens which
are usually constructed of sheet or cast iron, and are.heated by the flame of
incandescent carburetted hydrogen gas. In carrying out my improvements I
combine two, three, or more ovens together, and so arrange them in respect to
one another that the heated gases and vapors arising from the combustion of
the hydrogen gas are conducted over, under, or around the ovens in a ser-
pentine direction, so that the heat may be made to act more effectually on

page_text: them than in gas ovens of the ordinary construction. The ovens are all distinct
from one another, and each has its separate door, so that the smell of any article
in one oven cannot while cooking affect anything in either of the others. The
most convenient arrangement for the ovens is to place them one above the
other, leaving a space between them and also between the sides of the ovens
and the outer case. I also find it convenient to form the bottom plate of some
of the ovens in such a manner that it may be bent down, so as to extend down
the sides of the casing at the side of the oven immediately beneath. The heat
from the gas burner at the bottom of the casing is conducted from below
against this bent down part of the bottom of the oven immediately above, so
that this part will become quickly heated; from thence the heated vapors will
pass under the second oven, and up by the side and over the top of the same
until it meets with another of the bent down bottom plates, which will conduct
the heated vapors in the opposite direction. In this way the heated vapors
are conducted to and fro alternately under and over the ovens, until they
arrive at the exit aperture. This serpentine direction of the gases is effected
by stopping up the passage on alternate sides of the ovens, so as to direct
the gases into a horizontal instead of allowing them to proceed in a vertical
direction.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Harrison in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th January 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
HARRISON, of Stanhope Street, Clare Market, in the County of Middlesex,
Smith, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Samuel Harrison, Her special license that I, the said Samuel Harrison,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Samuel Harrison, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,

page_text: exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN
OVENS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Harrison,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six. calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Harrison, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-.
My Invention of "Improvements in Ovens" relates to the class of ovens
which are usually constructed of sheet or cast iron, and are heated by the
flame of incandescent carburetted hydrogen gas. In carrying out my improve-
ments.I combine two, three, or more ovens together, and so arrange them in
respect to one another that, the heated gases and vapours arising from the
combustion of the hydrogen gas are conducted over, under, or around the
ovens in a serpentine direction, so that the heat may be made to act more
effectually on them than in gas ovens of the ordinary construction. The ovens
are all distinct from one another, and each has its separate door, so that the
smell of any article in one oven cannot while cooking affect anything in either
of the others. The most convenient arrangement for the ovens is to place
them one above the other, leaving a narrow space between them, and also
between the sides of the ovens and the outer case. The bottom plates of the
ovens are formed in such a manner that they are made to extend at one end
to the sides of the casing, so as to form a stop to the ascending heated gases
or vapours. The heat from the gas burner at the bottom of the casing is
conducted from below against and under the bottom of the oven and up the
opposite side to, the space under the oven immediately above, so that the
heated gases will play round and act on the bottom sides and top of the oven,
which will become quickly heated; from the side of the lowest oven the heated
vapours will pass under the second oven, and up by the side of the same
until it meets with another stop formed by the enlargement of the bottom
plate of the oven above. This stop will cause the heated vapours to return
over the top of the oven, in the opposite direction to that which they
traversed in passing under it. In this way the heated vapours are con

page_text: ducted to and fro alternately under and over the ovens until they arrive at
the exit aperture...
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is an external side elevation of an
oven constructed according to my improvements, and shewing the arrangement
of the gas pipes; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section; Fig. 3 is a trans-
verse vertical section; and Fig. 4 is a horizontal section, taken in the line 1, 2,
of Fig. 2. a, a, a, a, is the external casing, which I prefer to make of sheet
iron, but cast iron or any other metal, such as brass or copper, may be
employed, if preferred; b, b, b, are the ovens, which in this arrangement are
placed one above the other; c, c, c, are gas pipes to supply the burners d, d, d,
with gas. Each of the pipes c, c, c, are provided with stop-cocks e, e, e, whereby
the quantity of gas to each burner, and consequently the heat evolved therefrom,
may be regulated at pleasure, or the supply of gas cut off to either burner, as
may be required. Access is obtained to the interior of the ovens by means of
doors f, f, f, placed in front, as seen in the transverse vertical section, Fig. 3.
Other doors g, g, Figures 1 and 2, are adapted to the sides of the outer casing,
for the purpose of obtaining access to the burners d, d, d, and to the flues or
spaces between the ovens. The outer casing a, a, is made to stand and fit into
the cast-iron base plate h, h, which is raised on feet, and has a long slot or
opening i made therein, and corresponding with a similar slot or opening at
the bottom of the casing a, a, for the purpose of admitting air to the interior
of the flues. It will now be understood that upon igniting the gas that issues
from the burners d, d, d, the heat will, after acting on the bottom of the ovens,
pass up the sides, and after traversing the entire length of the flues j,j, j, in a
serpentine direction, as indicated by the arrows, will ultimately escape into the
chimney k.
As a considerable quantity of heat will pass off by the chimney k, I some-
times find it convenient to place an additional chamber or oven on the top of
the others, and use it as a plate warmer, for which purpose I provide the
chamber with a rack, so that the plates may be placed therein edgeways,
which will be found the most convenient way for warming them. The cast-
iron top of the casing is provided with a flange m, m, all around on the under
side, and which, by taking into a groove made at the top of the casing and
filled with sand, forms an air-tight joint. As the heated gases play on the
under side of the top plate 7, it will soon become sufficiently warm to serve as
.a hot plate.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in Ovens," and
having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the

page_text: Invention secured to me by Letters Patent, as aforesaid, the mode herein
shewn and described of constructing and arranging ovens to be heated
by gas.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Harrison, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness to the mark of Samuel Harrison,
FRED. WALKDEN,
66, Chancery Lane.
SAMUEL HARRISON. (L.S.)