IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OR MACHINES FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, CUTTING, AND HULLING OR SHELLING VARIOUS KINDS OF FARM PRODUCE; AND ALSO FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING MINERALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: Sealed the 29th April 1856, and dated the 2nd November 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Patterson at the:
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd.'
November 1855.
I, JOHN PATTERSON, of Beverley, in. the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OR
MACHINES FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, CUTTING, AND HULLING OR SHELLING VARIOUS
KINDS OF FARM PRODUCE; AND ALSO FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING MINERALS AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of mills
or machines for grinding, crushing, cutting, and hulling or shelling various
kinds of farm produce; and also for crushing and grinding minerals and other
substances; & consists in placing the rollers between which the grinding is
effected (in that description of mills commonly called roller mills), in such a
manner, that the axis of each roller shall lie in a different plane to the other,

page_text: for the purpose of producing a wrenching or compound action in grinding; or
in any modification of this arrangement, such as the use of a plate instead of
one of the rollers, and so arranged as to produce a similar effect.
This Invention consists also of an improved mode of varying the distance
between the grinding surfaces, by placing one of the rollers on a lever which
is adjustable by a screw or otherwise.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Patterson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd May 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PATTERSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Patterson, Her special license that I, the said John Patterson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Patterson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MILLS OR MACHINES FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, CUTTING, AND HULLING OR SHELLING
VARIOUS KINDS OF FARM PRODUCE; AND ALSO FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING MINERALS
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Patterson, by an instrument in writing under my hand and séal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Patterson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of

page_text: mills: or machines for grinding, crushing, cutting, and hulling or shelling
various kinds of farm produce; and also for crushing and grinding minerals
and other substances; and consists in placing the rollers between which the
grinding is effected (in that description of mills commonly called roller mills),
in such a manner that the axis of each roller shall lie in a different planc to
the other, for the purpose of producing a wrenching or compound action in
grinding; or in any modification of this arrangement,, such as the use of a
plate instead of one of the rollers, and so arranged as to produce a similar
effect.
Another portion of my Invention consists of an improved mode of varying
the distance between the grinding surfaces, by placing. one of the rollers on a
lever which is adjustable by a screw or otherwise..
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
I shall refer to the Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed;
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout the
corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a front elevation of my improved mill;
and Figure 2 is a corresponding side elevation of the same. A, A, are the main
standards or supports of the mill; and B, B', are the two grinding surfaces or
rollers. The circumferences of these rollers are grooved or roughed, by having
a number of alternate annular projections and grooves cut in them when in a
lathe; these grooves and projecting rings being formed in a direction at right
angles to the axis of the roller.
The roller B works in bearings C, in the arched or bent adjusting lever D,
which is capable of oscillating in the bearings E in the standards, and is held
down therein by the metal straps or links F, passed round the ends, of the
axis, and under a screw or stud G. in each of the standards. The roller B¹
works in fixed bearings when once properly adjusted; but its axis in place of
being in the same plane with the axis of the roller B, is placed at an angle
thereto, as shewn in the Drawings, and it is adjusted perfectly parallel to the
surface of the roller B,, by the adjusting screws H, H, which act upon the
bearing brasses: When so adjusted its bearings may be fixed, as it will
require no further adjustment. The distance between the two grinding
surfaces, and, consequently degree of fineness to which the material to be
ground is to be reduced, is accurately adjustable by means of the. screw
spindle, I; the screwed end of the spindle, works in a loose nut in the top of
the bent adjusting lever..
It will thus be obvious that by simply turning the, adjusting screw spindle

page_text: one way or the other, the roller B may be. brought nearer to, or removed
further from, the grinding surface of the roller B', and will thus produce
finer or coarser flour or meal, according to its adjustment. The roller B¹ is
-made slightly hollow, that is to say, its diameter at the ends is about one-
eighth of an inch larger than its diameter in the middle. It is driven by mere
¡contact between the grinding surfaces. Various materials may be used for
making the grinding surfaces or rollers, such as stone, wood, or hard india-
rubber, according to the different purposes to which the mill may be applied;
and these surfaces or rollers may or may not be roughed or toothed, ás a
wrenching action may be produced without any roughing on the surfaces.
The seeds or material to be ground are placed in the hopper K; and pass
along the spout L on to the roller B, between which and the inclined or
angled roller it is subjected to the combined lateral action of the teeth or
'projections in the two rollers, which action causes a' continuous shearing or
wrenching effect, in addition to the ordinary crushing action of rollers with
their axes in the same plane, and constitutes: the principal or main feature
of my Invention.
: The flour or ground material thus falls on to the delivery spout, and is
collected into any suitable receptacle. The adjustment or regulation of the
supply is effected by the screw spindle M (shewn in plan at Figure 2), and
the traversing cross bar N, connected to the chains or cords O; O, which lead
to the supply or feed regulator. A combined crushing and shearing or
wrenching effect may also be obtained by using a roller and a flat or curved
plate or disc.
Figure 3 is a diagram showing this modification. When the roller is
placed at A, with its axes radiating from the axis or centre of the plate B,
the moving surfaces do not cross each other where they are nearest in contact,
-and consequently there is no lateral action; but when it is placed in the
position C, or with its axis not radiating from the centre of the plate, the
teeth or projections on the grinding surfaces will cross each other at the point
where they come in contact, or nearly in contact with each other, and will thus
produce the combined .crushing and shearing or 'wrenching effect desired.
Although .in. Figures 1 and 2, I have 'shewn only one of the rollers at an
angle, yet I do not confine myself to this precise arrangement, as the same
effect will obviously.be produced by inclining both. rollers slightly in opposite
directions.
1
According to another arrangement, a diagram of which is shewn at Figure 4,
a reciprocating plate A may be used with straight teeth or projecting ribs cut
in its surface, in conjunction with an inclined, roller B, also grooved or roughed.

page_text: The teeth or projections of the reciprocating plate and roller will in this case
also cross each other at the point of contact, and produce the combined
crushing and shearing or wrenching action herein-before referred to. I
propose applying my improved mill to various other purposes than ordinary
grinding; such, for example, as crushing, cutting, hulling or shelling, or other-
wise reducing various kinds of farm produce; and also to the crushing and
grinding of minerals, pigments, plastic materials, and other substances.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine, or restrict myself
to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe
or refer to, as many variations may be made. therefrom without deviating
from the principles or main features of my said Invention; but what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the constructing and arranging of roller mills for the various purposes
herein-before named, in such a manner that the surfaces shall, when in action,
cross each other at the point where they are nearest in contact, so as to
produce a lateral or wrenching action, in addition. to the ordinary crushing
or pressing action, as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of adjusting the distance between the grinding
rollers or surfaces of mills, for the purposes herein-before referred to, by means
of a lever and adjusting screw spindle, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Patterson, have hereunto set my.
hand and seal, the Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
JOHN PATTERSON.. (L.S.)