Improvements connected with the Heating of Cylinders, Casings, Pipes, Conduits, and other Parts of Steam Engines, and other Motors Using Volatile Gases or Vapours.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Sept., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 15th June, 1891-Accepted, 18th July, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements connected with the Heating of Cylinders, Casings,
Pipes, Conduits, and other Parts of Steam Engines, and other
Motors Using Volatile Gases or Vapours.
We, HENRY TURNER, of 8, Grosvenor Terrace, Hoylake, in the County of
Chester, Engineer, WILLIAM BAYLIFF, and THOMAS DUTTON BAYLIFF, of
Wirral Foundry, Beaufort Road, Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the heating of and maintaining the heat in the cylinders,
passages, covers and pistons or other parts of steam engines or machines worked by
steam or other volatile gases or vapours.
According to this invention the cylinders and other parts specified are maintained
at a temperature about equal to that of the initial steam in each cylinder of an
engine, thereby preventing to a very great extent, if not entirely, the great loss of
power owing to condensation, such as is sustained in a general manner by all motors
using steam, or other volatile gases, very expansively.
We use a portion of the waste heat in the uptake or outlet flues of steam
generators to heat the medium we use to convey heat to the cylinders, and all metal
surface in contact with steam in the said cylinders, so as to maintain the temperatures,
and consequently the pressures of the working fluid, in such a manner as to obtain
the greatest amount of work during a long range of expansion. It is of the greatest
importance that the metal which forms the walls of the cylinders, and all the metal
in contact with steam should be kept at a temperature not less than that of the
initial steam, when it enters the cylinders; for if the temperature is allowed to fall
during the expansions of the steam, in each cylinder, it will take several degrees
of heat from each cubic inch of water contained in the steam, to raise the
temperature of the cast iron walls, piston, &c., one degree Fahrenheit, as the specific
Thus we find it is
gravity of cast iron is 7.18, that of water being taken as 1.
necessary to provide for heating and maintaining the heat in the cylinders and other
parts of the engines a medium denser than the water contained in the steam, or the
cast-iron itself, to convey the extra heat required by the expanding steam, so as to
keep the walls of the cylinders, pistons, &c., at an equal and uniform temperature,
not less than that due to the initial pressure in each cylinder and for the low pressure
cylinder it must be much above, so as to compensate for the cooling effect caused
by the condenser.
The medium we use for transmitting heat from the uptakes, or funnels, of boilers
for steam or other volatile gases, to the cylinders, valve casings, steam-pipes, and
the exhaust pipes is quicksilver. Through one or a cluster of small pipes, or tubes,
placed in the uptake or outlet flue of the steam generator the quicksilver will be
caused to circulate by the means of a pump of a small donkey engine; after the
quicksilver has circulated through a certain length of this tubing it will pass into a
larger pipe on which provisions will be made to receive several of these small tubes;
this larger pipe, and extensions, lead to that part of the engine or pipe jacket which
requires heating. At the opposite end of the small tubes there is another pipe on
which several provisions are made so as to receive them; and will form part of the
delivery pipe which leads to the pump of the small donkey engine, an' will thus be
the means of carrying the quicksilver from the donkey engine to the stack of small
tubes placed in the uptakes where it will be heated, and to the small tubes which
form the metallic jacket of the part to be heated. The quicksilver (which is
metallic) jacket is likewise formed of a series of small pipes, or tubes, and the
extreme surfaces of these small tubes are brought to bear directly upon the parts

page_text: they have to heat, metal to metal. This may in some cases be effected by inter-
posing copper or other suitable metal channelled bars round or over the wall. The
heating by this means will be very effective as the quantity of thermal units in metal
and water will be in the following proportion: quicksilver 13.6, iron 7.18, water 1;
therefore the tendency will be for the current of heat to pass through the denser
metal to the lighter metal, and from the lighter metal into the water; sufficient
heat being given to the quicksilver, when passing through the small tubes placed in
the uptakes, to enable the steam during the time it is doing work, and exhausting,
to retain nearly the same temperature as when it entered the cylinder. The steam
pipe can be metal jacketed with quicksilver in like manner so as to prevent con-
densation through radiation. Each cylinder can have its own separate jacket, each
exhaust pipe and valve casing and any other part thought advisable to be jacketed
can receive extra heat in a like manner.
The medium we use-quicksilver may be used in ordinary jackets and hollow
spaces enclosing or covering the parts to be heated, and adapted in various ways.
Dated this 13th day of September 1890.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements connected with the Heating of Cylinders, Casings,
Pipes, Conduits, and other Parts of Steam Engines, and other
Motors Using Volatile Gases or Vapours.
We, HENRY TURNER, of 8, Grosvenor Terrace, Hoylake, in the County of
Chester, Engineer, WILLIAM BAYLIFF, and THOMAS DUTTON BAYLIFF, of
Wirral Foundry, Beaufort Road, Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the heating of and maintaining the heat in the cylinders,
passages, covers and pistons or other parts of steam engines or machines worked by
steam or other volatile gases or vapours.
According to this invention the cylinders and other parts specified are maintained
at a temperature about equal to that of the initial steam in each cylinder of an
engine, thereby preventing to a very great extent, if not entirely, the great loss of
power owing to condensation, such as is sustained in a general manner by all motors
using steam, or other volatile gases, very extensively.
We use
a portion of the waste heat in the uptake or outlet flues of steam
generators to heat the medium we use to convey heat to the cylinders, and all metal
surfaces in contact with steam in the said cylinders, so as to maintain the temperatures,
and consequently the pressures of the working fluid, in such a manner as to obtain
the greatest amount of work during a long range of expansion. It is of the greatest
importance that the metal which forms the walls of the cylinders, and all the metal
in contact with steam should be kept at a temperature not less than that of the
initial steam, when it enters the cylinders: for if the temperature is allowed to
fall during the expansion of the steam, in each cylinder, it will take several degrees
of heat from each cubic inch of water contained in the steam, to raise the temperature
of the cast iron walls, piston, &c., one degree Fahrenheit, as the specific gravity of
cast iron is 7.18, that of water being taken as 1. Thus we find it is necessary to
provide for heating and maintaining the heat in the cylinders and other parts of the
engines a medium denser than the water contained in the steam, or the cast iron
itself, to convey the extra heat required by the expanding steam, so as to keep the
walls of the cylinders, pistons, &c. at an equal and uniform temperature not less
than that due to the initial pressure in each cylinder and for the low pressure
į

page_text: cylinder it must be much above, so as to compensate for the cooling effect caused by
the condenser.
The medium we use for transmitting heat from the uptakes, or funnels. of boilers
for steam or other volatile gases, to the cylinders, valve casings, steam pipes, and
the exhaust pipes, is quicksilver. Through one or a cluster of small pipes, or tubes,
placed in the uptake or outlet flue of the steam generator the quicksilver will be
caused to circulate by the means of a pump of a small donkey engine; after the
quicksilver has circulated through a certain length of this tubing it will pass into
a larger pipe on which provisions will be made to receive several of these small
tubes; this larger pipe, and extensions, lead to that part of the engine or pipe jacket
which requires heating. At the opposite end of the small tubes there is another
pipe on which several provisions are made so as to receive them and will form part
of the delivery pipe which leads to the pump of the small donkey engine, and will
thus be the means of carrying the quicksilver from the donkey engine to the stack
of small tubes placed in the uptake where it will be heated, and to the small tubes
which form the metallic jacket of the part to be heated. The quicksilver (which is
metallic) jacket is likewise formed of a series of small pipes, or tubes, and the
extreme surfaces of these small tubes are brought to bear directly upon the parts
they have to heat, metal to metal. This may in some cases be effected by inter-
posing copper or other suitable metal channelled bars round or over the wall. The
heating by this means will be very effective, as the quantity of thermal units in
metal and water will be in the following proportion quicksilver 13-6, iron 7-18,
water therefore the tendency will be for the current of heat to pass through the
denser metal to the lighter metal, and from the lighter metal into the water;
sufficient heat being given to the quicksilver, when passing through the small tubes
placed in the uptakes, to enable the steam during the time it is doing work, and
exhausting, to retain nearly the same temperature as when it entered the cylinder.
The steam pipe can be metal-jacketed with quicksilver in like manner so as to
prevent condensation through radiation. Each cylinder can have its own separate
jacket, and each exhaust pipe and valve casing, and any other part thought
advisable to be jacketed, can receive extra heat in a like manner.
The medium we use quicksilver may be used in ordinary jackets and hollow
spaces enclosing or covering the parts to be heated, and adapted in various ways.
In the drawings which serve to illustrate this invention, I shew in
Figure 1 the cylinders and valve cases of an engine, provided with improvements
under the invention.
Figure 2 is a sectional detail, shewing one arrangement by which the heat of the
quicksilver is imparted to the cylinder, pipe, or other containing metal, in which
steam is employed, or passes.
Figure 3 shews a system of pipes in the uptake of a steam generator of the
marine type.
Figures 4 and 5 are, respectively, side sectional elevation and cross section of an
arrangement for heating single steam pipes by quicksilver; and
Figures 6 and 7 are, respectively, longitudinal section and cross section of an
arrangement for heating multiple pipes.
With reference now to Figure 1, a is the main supply pipe for supplying heated
quicksilver to the engine, and is the main pipe for carrying away the quicksilver
from such engine. Quicksilver is conveyed from the main a, by a pipe c, round the
upper part of the valve of the casing 1 by a pipe d. In a like manner it is conveyed
to the high pressure cylinder 2 by a pipe e which delivers the quicksilver into a
pipe surrounding the upper part of the walls of the cylinder. And again, in
like manner it is conveyed to the receiver 3 and low pressure cylinder 4 from the
main a by suitable conveying pipes to the pipes i and j, their conveying pipes being
designated g and h. At the lower part of the cylinders 2 and 4, and the valve
casing 1 and receiver 3, there are provided an identical set of pipes to those just
described, namely, at the low pressure cylinder, the pipe 'surrounding it, with its

page_text: carrying off pipe j; the pipe g' at the low pressure receiver, with its carrying off
pipe and the pipe surrounding the high pressure cylinder, with its carrying
off pipe e; and the pipe d' round the high pressure valve case, with its carrying
off pipe c'. The hot quicksilver is conveyed from the main a to the different
pipes dfg and h, and passes from these through a large number of smaller pipes, k,
to the return pipes d' f' g' and ', and then by their respective carrying off
pipes c¹¹¹and to the return main b.
The mains a and bare shewn in Figure 3 where they are illustrated in connection
In this uptake
with a system or length of piping in the uptake of the boiler 12.
the partially cooled quicksilver is returned by the pipe b to the tubes and it is
reheated by the waste gases from the boiler 12 in their passage through the
uptake. It is conveyed away from these pipes by the main a and used as
herein described.
With reference to the arrangement shewn in Figure 2, it illustrates means of
obtaining a metallic contact between the quicksilver in the pipes k shewn, and the
steam within the cylinder, pipe, or other case m. It consists in introducing between
the pipes, which contain the quicksilver, and the metal m, in contact with which
the steam to be heated comes, grooved or channelled strips n, which may be of
copper or other suitable heat conducting metal or alloy. Outside the pipes k the
metal plate o may be provided, and outside that again may come the lagging.
The arrangements or combinations of parts shewn in Figures 4 to 7 illustrate a
means of heating steam conveying pipes according to this invention. It consists
essentially in employing round the pipe a distributing conduit a, and leading from
such conduit a plurality of tubes k which lead into another conduit equivalent to a,
whereby the partially cooled quicksilver is collected and conveyed back to the
heating apparatus. The pipes k, as will be seen, rest upon the surface of the steam
pipe and the heat is thereby transmitted to the steam inside it. Of course the
series of pipes k may have lagging outside them if desired.
P
In the arrangements shewn in Figures 6 and 7, there are employed four steam
pipes p instead of a single one. This arrangement provides for the better trans-
mission of the heat of the quicksilver in the pipes k to the body of the steam to be
heated, in that the steam is subdivided and the distance of the core of steam in the
pipes p from the quicksilver in the pipes k, is less than in the cases where the steam
is carried in a single pipe.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, it is to be understood that the
invention is not confined to the particular arrangement and combination of parts
shewn in the drawings, but what is claimed in respect of this invention is :-
1. The employment of quicksilver in or in connection with steam pipes, cylinders,
casings, and other parts of machinery in which steam is employed, such quicksilver
being heated to a higher temperature than the steam to be heated in said parts, and
passed through pipes or jacketed spaces on or about such parts.
2. The mode of heating the cylinders and other parts of steam engines; sub-
stantially as set forth with reference to Figure 1 of the drawings.
3. The mode of heating the metal walls of engine cylinders or steam pipes con-
sisting in passing quicksilver through a pipe or pipes around or upon such wall, with
layers or strips such as n interposed between same and the quicksilver conveying
pipes; substantially as set forth.
4. The method of heating steam pipes consisting in causing the heating fluid to
be passed through a plurality of pipes arranged around the pipes to be heated;
substantially in the manner set forth with reference to Figures 4 to 6 of the
drawings.
5. The particular arrangement of main and distribution pipes on the cylinders and
other parts of engines; as set forth with reference to and shewn in Figure 1 of the
drawings.

page_text: 6. The particular arrangement of pipes and strips n in connection with the
wall m of a steam engine cylinder or pipe; as set forth with reference to Figure 2
of the drawings.
7. The combination and arrangement of pipe or pipes p, pipes k, and conduit a
set forth with reference to Figures 4 and 5, and Figures 6 and 7, respectively, of
the drawings.
Dated this 13th day of June 1891.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.