Method of Constructing and Increasing the Evaporative Efficiency of Water-tube Boilers.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Sept., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 19th June, 1896-4ccepted, 25th July, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Method of Constructing and Increasing the Evaporative Efficiency
of Water-tube Boilers.
I, NICHOLAS TVERSKOŸ, of No. 1 Prison's Lane St. Petersburg, in the
Empire of Russia, Engineer of the Russian Navy (retired), do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My invention is for a method of constructing water-tube boilers consisting of
evaporating tubes made of iron or steel having on the exterior, where the flame
strikes the tube, one or more projections or ribs, as shown in Figures 1 and 2 of
the accompanying drawings.
By the use of such ribbed tubes in water-tube boilers the flame from the
combustion of the fuel on the grate bars is prevented from passing in a direct
course between the water-tubes to the chimney, i.e. it is not allowed to pass along
tangentially to the periphery of the water filled tubes A A as indicated by the
lines (see Figure 3) but on the contrary is forced to ascend by the undulating
course y y so that the flame cannot escape into the chimney until it has passed
around the external surface of the tubes.
By proceeding in this manner my view is to retain the flame in the boiler for as
long a time as possible, and by causing the flame to act upon a greater surface
than in other boilers, to increase the evaporative efficiency of each tube.
In order to check the flame on its passage along the straight vertical course xx
tangential to the circumference of the tubes, and to cause the same to go around
the external surface of the tubes by the course y y (Figure 3), it would be sufficient
to arrange on each tube one rib a a, as illustrated on the left half of Figure 3, of
such size that its salient edge might come into contact with the surface of the
adjacent tube.
And so may be constructed boilers on systems similar to the systems of Dürr,
Allest and others, while in boilers consisting of tubes which form separate elements
or batteries, as, for instance, of the Belleville type, I prefer, for securing an easy
removing of complete batteries or parts thereof, to make use of tubes having two
longitudinal ribs bb, as represented on the right half of Figure 3, arranged in such
a manner that the projections or ribs of the adjacent tubes touching at their outer
edges form a full partition-wall which will check the flame on its vertical passage
between the tubes, i.e. on its shortest way from the grate-bars to the chimney, and
cause it to pass around the tube, as is effected by the one rib a, of larger dimensions.
Thus the possibility of easily removing each battery is secured.
The ribs on the outside of the tubes may be made separately of thin sheet iron
or steel and then fixed on the tubes by means of bolts or rivets, or welded thereon,
soldered, or otherwise joined; but they should be so closely touching the external
surface of the tubes as to transmit, as rapidly as possible, the heat recovered of the
flame to the walls of the tubes and, consequently, to the water contained therein;
in this way the ribs are cooled and, thus, protected from overheating and
destruction. Therefore, it is best to make the tubes with such ribs of one piece
with the tube itself. The iron or steel is first rolled into T-iron having one
(Figure 4) or two ribs (Figure 5) and it is then bent to form a tube (Figures 6
and 7) in such a manner that the ribs are outward and the edges of the sheet
overlapping as seen at k, sufficiently to secure a solid welding. The welding may

page_text: be effected by passing the tube through rollers adapted to receive the external
ribs a or bb. A steel core is introduced into the tube which presses the walls of
the tube against the rollers, thus causing the edges k to be welded in the same
manner as the welding of tubes smooth internally is commonly performed. Or
tubes with outside ribs may be produced by rivetting, screwing, welding or
otherwise joining into the shape of a tube (see Figures 8 and 9) two bars of flat
or T-iron bent to arch-like form; such bars having one or more flanges or ribs 6 b¹
(see Figure 10). In general the tubes may be formed by any method most
convenient.
Dated this 19th day of September 1895.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
Method of Constructing and Increasing the Evaporative Efficiency
of Water-tube Boilers.
I, NICHOLAS TVERSKOŸ, of No. 1 Prison's Lane, St. Petersburg, in the
Empire of Russia, Engineer of the Russian Navy (retired), do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention is for a method of constructing water-tube boilers consisting of
evaporating tubes made of iron or steel having on the exterior, where the Hame
strikes the tube, one or more projections or ribs as shewn in Figures 1 and 2 of the
drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification.
By the use of such ribbed tubes in water-tube boilers the flame from the
combustion of the fuel on the grate bars is prevented from passing in a direct
course between the water-tubes to the chimney, i.e. it is not allowed to pass along
tangentially to the periphery of the water filled tubes A A as indicated by the
lines (see Figure 3) but on the contrary is forced to ascend by the undulating
course y y so that the flame cannot escape into the chimney until it has passed
around the external surface of the tubes.
By proceeding in this manner my view is to retain the fame in the boiler for as
long a time as possible, and by causing the flame to act upon a greater surface
than in other boilers, to increase the evaporative efficiency of each tube.
In order to check the flame on its passage along the straight vertical course xx
tangential to the circumference of the tubes, and to cause the same to go around
the external surface of the tubes by the course y y (Figure 3), it would be sufficient
to arrange on each tube one rib a a, as illustrated on the left half of Figure 3, of
such size that its salient edge might come into contact with the surface of the
adjacent tube.
And so may be constructed boilers on systems similar to the systems of Dürr,
Allest and others, while in boilers consisting of tubes which form separate elements
or batteries, as, for instance, of the Belleville type, I prefer, for securing an easy
removing of complete batteries or parts thereof, to make use of tubes having two
longitudinal ribs bb, as represented on the right half of Figure 3, arranged in such
a manner that the projections or ribs of the adjacent tubes touching at their outer
edges form a full partition wall which will check the flame on its vertical passage
between the tabes, i.e. on its shortest way from the grate-bars to the chimney, and
cause it to pass around the tube, as is effected by the one rib a, of larger dimensions.
Thus the possibility of easily removing each battery is secured.
The ribs on the outside of the tubes may be made separately of thin sheet iron
or steel and then fixed on the tubes by means of bolts or rivets, or welded thereon,
soldered, or otherwise joined; but they should be so closely touching the external

page_text: surface of the tubes as to transmit, as rapidly as possible, the heat recovered from
the flame to the walls of the tubes and consequently, to the water contained
therein; in this way the ribs are cooled and thus, protected from overheating and
destruction. Therefore it is best to make the tubes with such ribs of one piece
with the tube itself. The iron or steel is first rolled into T-iron having one
(Figure 4) or two ribs (Figure 5) and it is then bent to form a tube (Figures 6
and 7) in such a manner that the ribs are outward and the edges of the sheet
overlapping as seen at k, sufficiently to secure a solid welding. The welding may
be effected by passing the tube through rollers adapted to receive the external
ribs a or b b. A steel core is introduced into the tube which presses the walls of
the tube against the rollers, thus causing the edges k to be welded in the same
manner as the welding of tubes smooth internally is commonly performed. Or
tubes with outside ribs may be produced by rivetting, screwing, welding or
otherwise joining into the shape of a tube (see Figures 8 and 9) two bars of flat
or T-iron bent to arch-like form, such bars having one or more flanges, or ribs b b¹
66 (see Figure 10). In general the tubes may be formed by any method most
convenient.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1-
A water tube boiler with tubes having external longitudinal ribs so arranged
that the flame or hot gases are prevented from ascending directly between the
tubes but are directed by the ribs in their passage to the chimney in an undulating
or serpentine course, substantially as and for the purpose described.
Dated this 19th day of June 1896.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.