IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING CAPS
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Feb., 1886.
Complete Left, 24th Nov., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 21st Jan., 1887.
We, CHARLES SWINDELL, bank cashier, and WILLIAM CLIFFORD coal mining
engineer, both of No. 12 Kenwood Road Sheffield in the County of York do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING CAPS to be as
follows:-
They relate to caps or ventilators for smoky chimneys churches and other public
buildings, also for ships' hulls, sewers, subways, railway tunnels and shafts, for
railway carriages, and for any other erection or thing, in or through which it is
desirable to maintain a constant current undiminished by the violence or irregularity
of motion of the surrounding atmosphere.
To obtain this result, we use a chamber of annular shape. The roof or curved
sides of this annular chamber being continued to the centre so as to form a close top
to the space enclosed by inner wall of chamber. In the outer wall are two or more
rows of ports, holes, or indentations, or sets of such ports, holes, or indentations-
opening into chamber in an oblique direction, varying, with their suitability to the
case, from a slight angular difference in direction from radius, to a tangent. These
holes may be either straight or curved, in their general direction from outer face of
wall to inside. In the inner wall of this annular chamber, are made similar ports,
holes, or indentations, entering the chamber from the circular or cylindrical space-
referred to as enclosed by inner wall of chamber and covered by a close top, in the
same manner as those in outer wall, and with their general directions towards
circular centre line of annular chamber, so that their lines of direction if produced
would intersect those of corresponding ones in outer wall if they were also produced.
The upper and lower row of ports in each set are reversed in their direction.
The circular space within inner wall of annular chamber is in direct communication
with the passage culvert or chimney flue to which the ventilating cap is applied, and
the action of the cap is to set up suction from within the flue, and to maintain the
outward direction, and also to increase the intensity of the draught within such
passage during the prevalence of a wind, however violent and whatever its direction.
The cap with its enclosed chamber may be of any shape that will admit of the
formation of the annular chamber, and port holes, or indentations, in the manner
described; and may be of any material of sufficient strength and calculated to resist
the destructive influences of the vapours and fumes to which it may be exposed,

page_text: Improvements in Chimney or Ventilating Caps.
We CHARLES SWINDELL Bank Cashier and WILLIAM CLIFFORD, Coal-mining
Engineer, both of No. 12 Kenwood Road Sheffield in the County of York do hereby
declare the nature of our Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING CAPS and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
They relate to caps or Ventilators for smoky chimneys, churches, and other public
buildings, also for sewers, subways railway-carriages, railway-tunnels and shafts and
for any other erection or thing in or through which it is desirable to maintain a
constant current undiminished by the violence of the motion of surrounding
atmosphere.
To obtain this result we use a chamber of annular shape the roof or curved sides of
which annular chamber are continued to the centre so as to form a close top to the
space enclosed by inner-wall of chamber. In the outer wall are one, two, or more
rows of ports, holes or indentations or sets of such rows of ports, lioles or inden-
tations opening into chamber in an oblique direction, varying with their suitability
to the case from a slight angular difference in direction from radius to a tangent.
These holes may be either straight or curved in their general direction from outer
face of wall to inside. In the inner wall of this annular chamber are made similar
ports holes or indentations entering the chamber (from the circular or cylindrical space
referred to as enclosed by inner wall of chamber and covered by a close top) in the
same manner as those in outer wall and with their general direction towards circular
centre line of annular chamber by following the surfaces of the vanes, or cylinders
or sections of cylinders forming the uncut portions of the inner wall but arranged so
that their lines of direction if produced would intersect those of corresponding ones
in outer wall if they were also produced.
The upper and lower rows of ports in each set may be reversed in their direction.
The circular space within inner wall of annular chamber is in direct communication
with the passage, culvert or chimney flue to which the cap is applied and the action of
the cap is to set up suction from within the flue and to maintain the outward direction,
also to increase the intensity of the draught within such passage during the prevalence
of a wind however violent and whatever its direction; the inner wall with its ports or
openings may be made to partially project above the top or covering of other
parts of cap.
In applying our invention to a chimney-cap the annular chamber and the outer wall
may be dispensed with and the oblique ports may communicate directly with cylin-
drical part of flue, the whirling motion imparted to the wind is in this case set up
round the perimeter of flue instead of inside the before described annular chamber,
suction being set up on the outside of those ports turned away from the wind: the
cover may be dished and attached to any part of blades or walls of ports by lugs, and
may have its convex side downwards.

page_text: The cap with or without its enclosed chamber may be made of any shape that will
admit of the annular chamber, or ports, holes or indentations in the manner described,
and may be of any material of sufficient strength and calculated to resist the destructive
influences of the vapours and fumes to which it may be exposed.
Now in order that our invention may be clearly understood, we have hereto
annexed three sheets of drawings illustrating our improvements as hereinbefore set
forth and in which the same letters of reference indicate the same or similar parts in
any of the figures.
Fig. 1 Sheet 1 shows an elevation of a ventilator with our improvements and
Figs. 2 and 3 show horizontal sections on lines marked CD and A B. Fig. 4 in same
sheet shows a ventilator or chimney cap in vertical section with the entry ports
opening directly into flue without the intervening annular space or inner row of ports
Figs. 5 and 6 are horizontal sections on lines A B and C D in Fig. 4 Fig. 7 Sheet 2
shows the vertical middle section of a chimney cap as made in terra-cotta with its
general internal shape. It shows particularly the seating of the blades or walls
of ports a upon the coned shoulder f of shaft b It also shows the disc c with its
convex side downwards and the manner of attaching this disc to the dividing flange
by means of lugs d while Figs. 8 and 9 on same sheet are horizontal sections on lines
marked A B and CD.
a
e
Fig. 10 on same sheet is an elevation of a chimney cap made in terra-cotta with a
cover g attached to upper row of ports or blades Fig. 11 is a modification of the same
the place occupied by the blades à Fig. 10 being occupied by several pillars placed to
support cover g. Fig. 12 Sheet 3 shows the general form of a ventilator of small
size suitable for railway carriages and other moving vehicles or vessels. It is essen-
tially the same as Fig. 1. Fig. 13 and 14 on same sheet are horizontal sections of it
on lines A B and CD as marked in previous Figures. Figs. 15 and 16 are vertical
and horizontal sections of a ventilator as in Fig. 12 but in which vertical wires or
bar I are substituted for the inner row of ports or blades K Figs. 2. 3. 13
and 14.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we now
claim is
Firstly. The use in every kind of ventilator and chimney cap of holes, ports or
indentations, curved or straight, entering into the interior of the same with their lines
of direction at any angle between the radius and tangent to perimeter of circular plan
of such ventilator or chimney cap.
Secondly. The use of one, two, or more tiers of such ports, one above another,
reversed or in the same direction.
Thirdly. The use of one two or more rows or rings of such ports with spaces
between them so as to form the separate inner and outer walls of the shaft or flue.
Fourthly. The use of holes or ports in which the lines of general direction of those
in inner wall and those in outer wall converge upon the circular centre line of space
between them.
CHARLES SWINDELL