Improvements in Fluid Pressure Heat Motors.
Year: 1897

page_text: .
Date of Application, 29th Sept., 1897
Complete Specification Left. 28th June, 1898-Accepted, 29th Nov., 1898
Improvements in Fluid Pressure Heat Motors.
PERCIVAL PINCKNEY, 15, Middle Street, Portsmouth, Mechanical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Owing to the novel, and advanced features now possessed by my invention, I have
coined for it the original term, a heat conserving gas engine, but it will suffice should
I for the purpose of abbreviation, refer to it simply as a Pinckney motor, or a
Pinckney engine, my prior, and now existing patent, to which allusion is herein made,
is that which has been officially numbered 21521, and dated the 13th day of
November 1895.
Amongst the improvements which I now introduce, are certain devices, and
arrangements, which will the better adapt Pinckney heat conserving engines, to the
various and numerous purposes, to which they as heat motors can be practically
applied, and of which the two modifications herein described broadly indicate the
lines that will be substantially followed in the construction of all.
Modification 1, substantially shews that which may be my method for constructing
a Pinckney heat conserving locomotive.
The outside shell of the boiler may be constructed substantially in the manner
commonly adopted for locomotive (type of) boilers. One of my improvements being
that the lower portion of the shell plates may project in advance of the front tube
plate, the projecting shell plates being cut, preferably, diagonaly from a point, say,
about half way up the front tube plate, downward, and outward toward the foremost
part of the engine.
This improvement I have named the lap of the engine.
I propose to place upon the lap of the engine, an improvement which may be
substantially described as an annular chamber, this I have named the ring-chamber.
Such chamber may contain water.
The enclosure formed by the ring-chamber, and the hollow water filled end thereof,
I have named the exhaust-box. The inside of the (ring-chamber which forms the)
exhaust-box may be corrugated.
Instead of the ordinary funnel, I propose to use an improvement which may consist
of one, or more multitubulous, and preferably concentric chambers, I have named this
improvement a mitrailleuse uptake.
A man-hole may be made in the bottom of the lap of the engine, and another in
the bottom of the ring-chamber, this hole may be fitted with a hollow chamber so
formed as to answer the purpose. of a door. These improvements I have named the
shoulder hole, and the shoulder hole door.
may
There may be steam cylinders at, preferably the front part of the engine.
also place upon the front of the engine, a vane, or vanes, made preferably of
aluminum, and they may be so constructed that when put together they may
somewhat resemble a spiraly convoluted cone. The said vane may revolve upon a
central rod fitted with ball bearings.
I wish it to be understood that this device is simply to enable me to determinate
wether the pressure of the atmosphere upon the front of a locomotive engine, can be

page_text: utilised with scientifically acurate, thermal, and mechanical economy. Of this
however I have my doubts. The vane may be used in conjunction with multiplying
intermediates to operate a rotary fan, or with reducing intermediates to operate
pumps, for supplying air, or other agency for the purpose of facilitating combustion.
We now come to the primary feature, in my improved method of utilising heat for
motive purposes.
Strenuous attempts have been made in this, and other countries to
generate steam for power purposes, by placing a gas combustion cylinder within
a water containing vessel, therefore I make no pretence as being the originator
of that idea, but my preeminence as an inventor, (in this respect) over the
whole world, and the primary feature of my invention, lies in the unapproachable
heat conserving efficiency which I have attained by reason of the novel
construction of my gas-combustion cylinders, and of the working parts connected
therewith.
These cylinders, and coupled-pistons were fully described and shewn at Fig. 1,
upon Sheet 1, and elsewhere, in the specification of my prior, and now existing
Patent, No. 21521. My "protection" for the same dates back to the 13th day of
November 1895. In, or near the position which in an ordinary locomotive would be
occupied by the furnace, or fire-box, I propose in substitution of such fire-box, to
insert preferably two, or at the most, three of my aforesaid gas cylinders.
The said gas cylinders being contained within an improvement which I have
named the water-box. The said water-box may be strengthened externaly by means
of improvements which I have nained water-box-webbs, and internaly by water-box
webb-stays. The latter may be constructed as follows:-a tube, or bar of metal, may
be shouldered at the ends, the ends may be drilled, and tapped to take, say, a
hexagon headed screw. It would be advisable to put brass washers so as to prevent
the said shoulders from wearing the water box plates.
One, or more tubes which I have named way-tubes may pass through the water-
box. The exhaust from the gas-cylinders may escape into that which I have named
a tube-chamber. The tube-chamber may, (in addition to its fire tube terminals,) be
also fitted with water-tubes.
I
may as an improvement, so construct the ends of the fire-tubes, that not only will
the water be in contact with the tubes right up to their extreme ends, but the water
will be in contact with their end thickness also. This improvement I propose to
effect by means of that which I have named a water-cuff.
Oil vaporisers, or oil sprayers, or Bunsen, or other burners may be placed in, or
connected with the tube chamber, their purpose being to assist in raising steam, or
to increase the steam power should such auxiliary aid be upon rare occasions tem-
porary required.
The cover, or door of the tube chamber may be hollow, and either water, air, or
gas may be passed through the chamber thus formed. A similarly arranged cover,
or door may be placed either in the front part, or the side of the exhaust. box.
shoulder-door may also be so utilised. These doors may be fitted with either
telescopic, or jointed tubular connections.
The
The tender may be furnished with reservoirs which may contain either oil, or coal
gas, or water gas, or other suitable fuel. When it is desirable to carry gas-fuel under
pressure, the reservoirs may be improved by having wire, or other equivalent wound
around them. Any suitable kind of fuel may be used, and any suitable method of
ignition may be adopted. Modification 2, substantially shews that which may be my
method for adapting Pinckney heat conserving gas engines, to obtain a very large
amount of power, for stationary purposes, as also for the propulsion of iron-clads,
cruisers, liners, and other ocean going vessels. I may arrange the boilers, which
may be of a locomotive, or a cylindrical, or other suitable type, in couples, i.e. exhaust
box, to exhaust box, and place them so that they will form either one, or more rows,
which for marine purposes, may be parallel with the keel of the vessel. When thus
arranged the thrust of the piston rods of the gas cylinders may be in line with the
propeller shaft. The efforts of any number of the gas, and of the steam cylinders of
Pinckney engines may be synchronized by means of those parts which I have named

page_text: thrust rods, and cross yokes. One of the primary features of my improved engines,
or their connections may consist of a novel arrangement of cylinders, in which the
pistons, or plungers, may be operated either by oil, or water, or other suitable agency,
and by means of which I shall be able to transform a force moving through any given
line of motion, into a force moving through any other line of motion that may be re-
quired. I attatch great importance to those improvements which I have severaly
named conical-ended-pipes, thrust-rods, cross-yokes, and transforming-cylinders, as
by their means I shall be enabled to collectivise the combined efforts of any number
of gas, and steam cylinders, and so be enabled to construct my heat conserving gas
engines of, and up to practically unlimited powers. Amongst the minor improve-
ments of my invention may be those which I have named stock-chambers in which
the gas-fuel will be such as I have termed stocked, during the stroke of the gas
pistons, also timing rods, timing-rod-guards, segments, segment-bands, water-
box, cylinder-caps. A receptacle made of concentric tubes enclosed in a chamber,
such receptacle may contain either, air, gas, or water. Also an arrangement for in-
jecting air, or air and gas, into the operating cylinders, for the purpose of starting
the engine. A device for increasing, or varying the degree of pre-compression.
Bends to attach to the ends of the tubes when advantageous to do so. Oil vaporizers,
reduction valves, and all necessary mechanical arrangements for starting, stopping,
reversing, and for the automatic, and manual controll of these engines. My coupled-
pistons, as shewn at Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10, upon Sheet 4,-and elsewhere, in the
specification of my prior patent, may be improved by making them, of course
exclusive of rings, and fittings, in one, by means of (say a steel) casting, and they
may be yet better adapted for the larger forms of Pinckney engines, by placing, or
forming, a hollow chamber between the coupled-pistons, leaving of course an annular
water filled space between the outside of the said chamber, and the inside surface of
the gas cylinder. This chamber would, by. reducing the volume of water between
the coupled-pistons, likewise proportionately reduce the inertia of the mass.
pre-compression of the gaseous fuel when not performed in the gas-explosion
cylinders, may be effected by means of air, and gas compressors, made with cylinders,
and coupled-pistons, substantially as those shewn in the specification of my prior and
now existing patent, or of the improved hollow chambered form just described.
their adaption for this purpose a stream of so called, cold water, may be caured to
flow through the compressing cylinders, by means of the water ports, shewn in the
aforesaid specification at D, D, Fig. 1, Sheet 1. And by also suitably immersing the
compression cylinders even the heat evolved during such (gas fuel) compression may
be stored in the feed water for the boiler. I also propose to increase the
inflammability of the air supplied for combustion, by first passing it through one, or
the other, of my gas-separators, constructed substantially as they are described, and
shewn in the specification of my prior patent at Fig. 5, Sheet 2, and Fig. 6, Sheet 3,
to either type of which a rotary fan, or its mechanical equivalent may now be added.
My idea is, by more, or less abstracting the nitrogen and other inert and heavy con-
stituents from the air supplied, to better adapt such air blast, for the purpose of
combustion. Should I be able, by taking advantage of the wide difference that exists
in the automatic weight of the different gases which constitute the atmosphere to
overcome the slow action which is scientifically known as the diffusive property of
gases, by centrifugal force, or other method, it will open to the world new, and
boundless possibilities.
The
In
Hitherto the speed of all fluid pressure heat, motors, has been "governed" by their
speed, and while it has been sought by engineers to prevent variability in their speed,
yet every known form of so called "governer," for these engines, is so constructed as
to depend upon variation in the speed, to more, or less, actualy occur, before it can
possibly begin to act. I therefore propose to introduce an entirely new departure,
for the purpose of controlling the speed of my engines, by utilising for this purpose,
the (degree of) resistance which is presented by a piston, to the impelling fluid. My
device may consist substantially of the following primary parts, viz. a small cylinder
without end covers. A rod, (or tube) 'of metal turned up to fit, and work within the
.

page_text: cylinder, the end of said rod to be fitted with piston rings. A spiral, or other spring,
which may be substituted by a piston cushioning upon air, compressed within another
small cylinder. Those which I have named a buffer ring, a buffer ring seating, a
thrust stop, and the check action.
The said device] may be attatched to, or connected with the,main, gas, and
steam cylinders of the engine, and it may be used in any suitable manner for con-
trolling the momentary required quantity of steam, and gas-fuel supply. Such will,
in addition to its power economising advantages, prevent the "racing" of my heat
conserving gas, (or oil)-engines, when used for marine purposes, and conduce to
the steady running of a heat conserving locomotive, motor car, or other Pinckney
engine, working under a variable load.
I have named this part of my invention the anticipator.
Both ..
1007
improvements in Fluid Pressure
İ, PERCIVAL PINCKNEY, of 15, Middle Street, Portsmouth, Mechanical Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention consists of an improved form of heat-motor to which I have now
given the original term a heat-conserving engine.
Such may also be referred to as Pinckney engines.
My prior and now existing patent to which allusion is herein made as my other
patent, is that which has been officialy numbered 21521, and my protection by
virtue of such, dates from the 13th day of November 1895.
The following disclosures substantially describe the manner in which the said
engines may be constructed in order to adapt them to railroad, stationary, marine,
motor car, and other purposes.
PINCKNEY CYLINDERS.
One of my primary improvements may be that instead of using piston coupling
bars as shewn on Sheet I at F, F, F, in Fig. 1 in the specification of my other and
still existing patent I may now when desirable substitute the said bars by means of
a hollow chamber, in order to form an annular (water filled) space between the outside
of the said hollow chamber, and the inside of the combustion cylinder.
The object of this hollow chamber, is to reduce the volume of water between the
coupled-pistons, and to thus reduce the inertia of the mass.
I have named this hollow chamber the piston coupling chamber.
The ends of the piston-coupling-chamber may be made to bulge outward, in order
to better resist the external pressure exerted thereupon, by the combined steam, and
water pressure of the boiler, while the ends of the cylindrical portion may
extend beyond the bulged ends of the hollow chamber itself, and be flanged
outwardly.

page_text: "
Before flanging this disc cut from its centre "a good sized manhole, then rivet
this flanged end, or cover on.
Proceed in the same manner to close in the end of the wider and larger ring.
Make the manhole in the centre of this wider, and larger disc, somewhat larger than
the manhole in the smaller disc.
By these means we shall secure, say, a 2" water space between the two cylindrical
portions of the ring-chamber, and if so determinated by the thickness of the inner
disc plate, the same width of water space between the two discs which form the
front part of the ring chamber.
Complete the manhole by riveting in a closing strip to connect the two discs. The
thus completed manhole will be found to taper toward its inner edge.
The back part of the ring chamber may be finished as follows:-
Rivet a closing strip in, in such a manner as will connect the back edge of the
smaller, or inside cylindrical portion of the ring-chamber, with the back edge of the
larger, or outside cylindrical portion.
The ring-chamber may be attached to the boiler by means of segments, of angle
iron, the segment of angle iron that is riveted upon the ring-chamber, being bolted
to the segment of angle iron that is riveted to the boiler; or such attachment may
be effected in any suitable manner.
The man-hole cover may be formed as follows:-a dise, or oval, made of burnt fire
clay, may be attached to a disc, or oval, of metal, the say disc of metal may be
sufficiently large to overlap the disc of fire clay, holes may be drilled in the
overlap in order that the man-hole cover may be fixed to the front part of the
ring chamber by means of, say, a few bolts.
The edge of the fire clay disc should taper to correspond with the taper of the man-
hole, in order that by putting a slight strain upon the bolts, a tight joint will
be formed. It would be possible to make the said man-hole cover, (overlap included,)
entirely of fire clay, or compressed asbestos, or other fire resisting substance.
G. Angle iron segments.
These ring-chambers may be adapted to vertical boilers by inverting the same open
end downward, and by placing the uptake preferably in the central portion occupied
by the man-hole, and man-hole cover, in the modification just described. Their
efficiency may also be increased by inserting tubes in the uptake, thus forming
that which I have named a mitrailleuse uptake, or by inserting water tubes in the
space D when such would not prove obstructive.
At F in Fig. 4 is shewn the front edge of that which I have named the lap of
the engine, and at F, in Fig. 1 is shewn a side view. I have designed that which I
have named the lap of the engine, to afford additional support to the ring chamber,
it is in the lap of the engine that the bottom portion of the ring-chamber may
rest.
The lap of the engine, may be formed by causing the shell plates of the barrel of
the boiler, to extend forward of the front tube plate in the manner shewn.
At letter H in Fig. 1 and in Fig. 5, is shewn that which I, in my Provisional
Specification, referred to as the "tube-chamber," it will be more intelligible to
describe it as the exhaust-chamber, because it is into this chamber that the highly
heated gases that exhaust from the Pinckney (internal combustion) cylinders, are to
be led.
Concentric pipe connections should be used for this purpose, the inside pipe con-

page_text: veying the heated gases of the exhaust, and the outside concentric pipe being filled
with water the said pipes being so fitted, and connected, as to cause the water to
circulate between the casing of the combustion cylinder, (such casing has been
allready explained and shewn in the drawings at R R R R on Sheet 1) and the inain
boiler, to which the said combustion cylinders are thus connected. No hard and fast
rule would apply in this particular, the method of forming suitable connections, such
as will cause the water to circulate between the Pinckney cylinder, and the main
boiler can only be determinated by specific, and local requirements.
At letter I, in Fig. 1 and in Fig. 5, is shewn that which I have named a water-
drum, such consists of a hollow chamber, that serves the purpose of a cover to the
exhaust-chamber shewn at H.
A pipe must be connected to the top of the water-druin, in such a manner as will
allow the steam as it is generated in the said water-drum, to pass into the steam
space of the main boiler. A pipe must be similarly connected with the water-druin
at a point sufficiently low to cause the water from the main boiler, to flow into the
inside of the water-drum and keep it constantly filled with water, the rate of such
inflow, being relative to the evaporative capacity of the water-drum.
A small mud-hole, with say a screw on cover, or preferably a blow out cock, with a
lead-away pipe, should be fixed in the lower part of the water-drum for the purpose
of cleansing it from deposit.
J. A small air pipe, shewn at J in Fig. 1, and Fig. 5, may also pass through the
water-drum, my object being to endeavour by means of a blast of air and a suitable
ignition arrangement, to effect a yet further saving in fuel by re-oxy-genizing the
exhaust, in order to produce whenever possible that which some have termed
"secondary combustion," such chemical action being caused to take place in the
exhaust chamber H.
I would advise engineers not to underate this apparantly trivial device, because it
may prove as potent a factor to the success of Pinckney heat-conserving steam
engines, as pre-coinpression is to the success of the ordinary gas engine. Advanced
engineers will at once grasp my meaning and the possible importance of the said
device, when state that I have carefully thought it out as a preventative of that
subtle cause of fuel waste in internal combustion engines, occasioned by that negative
or repellant molecular action which is scientifically termed "dissociation."
K. A bogie truck, (as shewn at K,) may support the hind part of the engine, and
the front part of the tender, such will allow the engine to take her curves with
greater ease, and safety.
The air compressing cylinder shewn at L and the gas compressing cylinder shewn
at M will be required only while gas is being carried as fuel in the reservoirs shewn
at N in Fig. 2.
Although I have shewn the compressing cylinders (L, and M,) in a given position,
that position is not arbitary, but the advantage I have secured is, that by placing
them as shewn, a direct thrust and a direct pull will take place, right through from
the steam cylinder in the front part of the engine, shewn at S C, through the
Pinckney (internal combustion) cylinder shewn at P C, through the air compressing
cylinder Land through the gas compressing cylinder M, the position in which I have
placed them, must therefore for this reason, be mechanically, the best position.
PINCKNEY AIR, AND GAS COMPRESSORS.
The pumps by means of which I propose to supply Pinckney engines with com-
pressed gas-fuel, may substantially resemble Pinckney cylinders in their construction :
A stream of so-called "cold water" being caused to flow around, and through them by
means of those holes in the said cylinders herein described as water-ports. The said
water-ports being herein shewn in the drawings at N Fig. 1 on Sheet 1, and also at D
in Fig. 1, on Sheet 1, in the specification of my prior and now existing Patent,
namely No 91591 of the 13th day of November 1805
The pumps by means of which I propose to supply Pinckney engines with com-
pressed gas-fuel, may substantially resemble Pinckney cylinders in their construction:
A stream of so-called "cold water "being caused to flow around, and through them by
means of those holes in the said cylinders herein described as water-ports. The said
water-ports being herein shewn in the drawings at N Fig. 1 on Sheet 1, and also at D
in Fig. 1, on Sheet 1, in the specification of my prior and now existing Patent,
namely No 21591 of the 12th day of November 1895

page_text: At letter N, in Fig. 2, is shewn the reservoirs, these should be fastened down
upon suitable rests. Sheet brass, rubbing pieces should be fixed upon the reser-
voirs, for the purpose of preventing the holding down straps, or bars, and the
rests beneath, from wearing and thus weakening the, (steel) shell of the reservoir
through vibrative action.
My object in tilting the reservoirs by having the tranverse rest bars of different
heights, is to gain advantage when oil is carried, by causing it to drain toward the
fore part of the reservoir, in order that it, (the oil) might be the better withdrawn
for the purpose of conversion into gas in the vaporiser.

page_text: there is a small grooved out collar around the outside of the extreme end of the
part turned back, the outer sharp edge of this grooved collar is designed to cause
it to bed up tight against the inside of the tube plate, as shewn at letter A. While
that which I have named a caulking ridge, shewn at letter B, in Fig. 9, will appear
when caulked back as shewn at letter B in Fig. 10.
The caulking could be most rapidly and efficiently effected by means of a pneu-
matic caulking tool. Each Pinckney boiler tube will therefore act as a stay to the
tube plate.
The diameter of the tube itself should be reduced as shewn, near and in part
formation of the water-cuff, in order to prevent the necessity of reducing the
number of these improved fire tubes, in comparison with the number of ordinary
fire tubes, of an equal diameter, that could be inserted in a tube plate of a given area.
It will be seen that the water has access to the extreme end of the tube and thus
protects it from the action of the fire.
Very little "expanding" will be necessary, because whereas the boiler pressure, by
crushing ordinary fire tubes away from the tube plate, is a frequent source of
danger and leakage, the effect of the boiler pressure upon the Pinckney fire tube, is
that every degree of increased pressure expands the water-cuff more tightly in the
tube plate.
Shews the interior of Fig. 1. The letters A B GKOR and P-C apply as those
shewn upon, and described in reference to Sheet 1.
T T. The coil pipes, the exhaust from one combustion chamber shewn at P, may
travel through its respective coil pipe around the length of the outside of the com-
bustion cylinder P-C spiraly in a right-to-left direction, and the exhaust from the
other combustion chamber P may travel through its respective coil pipe, spiraly in a
left-to-right direction.
U. Shews those that I have named distance pieces, these are to keep the ends of
the gas combustion cylinder, at say about 3" distant from the covers of the
boiler.
VV The bailer

page_text: rivet holes being preferably drilled through the "flat" of the bolt. These bolts that
I have named strengthening bolts should pass through the distance pieces, and be fitted
with two nuts at each end. The first nuts are for holding the covers on to the gas
combustion chambers P P while the second nuts cause the strengthening bolts to act
as longitudinal stays to the boiler V upon the outside of the covers of which the
second nuts are to be screwed up tight. The other constructive particulars of the.
combustion cylinder and its outside casing, or boiler, are substantially as shewn and.
described in the drawings upon Sheet 1.

page_text: FIG. 3.
Shews that which I have paradoxically named a beamless. beam engine, I have
designed this engine expressly for rotating the winding drums used in connection
with colliery, and other mining operations, and amongst other of its applications to
do all those kinds of work, usually performed by beam-engines.
I would direct attention to the fact that not only have I superseded "the
ponderous beam," but likewise farther simplified the mechanism, by also dispensing
with the "parallel motion."
S-C, shews an operating cylinder having the same advantages as the cylinder of
a beam engine, namely a vertical position, combined with any required diameter, and
length of stroke.
T-C 1 and T-C 2, shews an adaption of those which I have registered in my
Provisional Specification as transforming cylinders.
I attach great importance to this improvement, as by means of my transforming
cylinders, I shall be enabled to transform force, moving through any given line
of motion, into force, moving through any other line of motion that may be
required.
Ċ 1 and C 2. Connecting-pipes.
The two cylinders T-C 1 and T-C2, are to be filled with say, oil, air being
carefully excluded.
When the piston in the operating cylinder S-C, is forced upward, the small piston
in cylinder T-C1 takes the entire thrust. The, say, oil, upon the top of the
piston T-C 1 instantly transmits this force through pipe C 1 to or behind
piston T-C 2 and the out stroke of the piston rod D is performed.
The, say, oil that is in front of the piston T-C 2, has no work to perform, but
simply flows through pipe C 2, and follows up behind the ascending piston T-C 1.
The engine performs its in stroke as follows:-The piston in the operating
cylinder S C is forced down, the downward pull is taken by piston T-C 1, and
this pull is instantly transmitted through the medium of the say, oil beneath
piston TC 1, and in pipe C 2, to the front part, (i.e. the part nearest the cross-head,)
of the piston T-C 2, and thus the cycle of action is complete. I should advise that
the area of the pistons in transforming cylinders, be in ordinary practice reduced
until the pressure exerted thereupon by means of the pistons in the operating
cylinders approximates to 560 lbs. upon the square inch. Such is probably near the
most advantageous mean, between the inertia that would be caused by the volume, and
the friction that would be caused by the pressure, of the medium employed in the
transforming cylinders.
Rangoon would be the best kind of oil to use in transforming cylinders, on account
of its slight viscosity.
When water is used, glycerine should during the winter be mixed with it. I am
of the opinion that a great force can he transformed, and transınitted in this
manner, with less friction, and inertia, than by beams or any other constructive
expedients.
Any suitable agency besides oil, or water, may be used in the transforming
cylinders.
Either internal combustion, or steam cylinders may be used to operate my
transforming cylinders, and such operating cylinders, may be of any type or
arrangement.

page_text: (My transforming-cylinders and their thrust-rods have been more fully described
and are also shewn in the drawings at T-C. 1 and T-C 2, in Fig. 3, on
Sheet 5.)
FIG. 6.
Shews a plan; of that which may substantially be my arrangement for constructing
Pinckney heat-conserving marine engines, of the greatest required powers. At T-C 1,
T-C 2, T-C 3, and T-C 4, are shewn the four transforming cylinders.
It will be seen that I have four cranks on the propeller shaft, in order to secure a
steadier transmission of an enormous force, and at the same time reduce the torsion
strains. Each of these transforming cylinders T-C 1, T-C2, T-C 3, and T-C 4,
in Fig 6, may be fitted and arranged as that just shewn at T-C 5, in Fig. 5, their
mode of connection with the propeller shaft being shewn in the said Fig. 5,-by
the letters K, and L.
The letters P-C, indicate the position of the Pinckney (internal combustion)
cylinders, each being surmounted by its transforming cylinder, and connected
therewith by a thrust rod, such combined arrangement being as shewn in Fig 3,
at P-C, and T-C 1. The letters RPC are two reserve Pinckney cylinders, to
be brought into operation only in the case of one of the others breaking down.
B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B 8, and B 9, indicate the boilers, such may be
substantially as herein previously described, and shewn at Fig. 2, Sheet 6.
At S-C, are shewn the position of the cylinders of a triple expansion steam
engine, each steam cylinder being surmounted with a transforming cylinder, and
connected therewith by a thrust rod as shewn by those in Fig. 4.
P. The propeller.
The starboard, and port engines, are of course exact duplicates.
By referring to Figs. 3,4, and 5, it will be seen that by means of transforming cylinders,
thrust rods, and pipe connections, it is possible to transmit through the medium of
oil, or water or other suitable agency, the effort of any number of operating cylinders
to a propeller, or other shaft, by means of one connecting rod. Thereby greatly
simplifying the mechanism.
I am aware that my employment of so many cylinders, may like every other bold
departure, be at first ridiculed by non progressives but if we would transform a far
greater percentage of the energy of fuel, into mechanical work, than is possible under
the, at present universal, but erronious system of generating steam power, a greater
number of cylinders must be employed to effect such transformation and the range
of temperature through which we work Heat-energy, must be increased, by means of
those inore scientifically constructed fluid pressure heat-motors, herein substantially
described. For these reasons the Pinckney internal combustion cylinder, will

page_text: eventually supersede the open, draught swept, fuel wasting, fire bar furnace, as a
means of generating (steain) power.
I may use my transforming cylinders in conjunction with ordinary steam engines,
or in conjunction with every form of fluid-pressure heat-motor that can be made.
C. Connecting you.
D. Guide rods, which thrust, and pull the connecting rod, up and down the guide
bars A, by means of the cross-head, shewn at B.
E. Cross-yoke. When the engine is arranged as shewn, the cross-yoke E, must be
made with a play-hole, of the shape shewn at F, to allow the connecting rod,
which must pass through the play hole in the cross-yoke, to make its lateral stroke.
Gt. Boiler.
I may construct any kind of fluid pressure heat motor, that is to say with steam
cylinders only, or with steam cylinders, in conjunction with internal combustion
cylinders, or with internal combustion cylinders only, substantially in conformity
with the constructive designs herein explained, and shewn in the drawings, at Fig 1,
and Fig. 2, on Sheet 7, and elsewhere in this specification.

page_text: There may be two discs, one on each side, in order to reduce torsion, and the
operating cylinders may be arranged either vertically, or horizontally, or as
required.
At T-C 1, T-C 2, and T-C 3, are shewn three transforming cylinders, the
principle of their operation being the same as those previously described, and shewn
at Fig. 3, on Sheet 5, and at Figs. 3, 4, and 5, on Sheet 6. The transforming
cylinders indicated by the signs T-C 1, T-C 2, and T-C 3, and also the
connecting pipes shewn at C I, C 2, C 3, and C 4, having been filled with say
Rangoon oil, it therefore follows, that as the piston in the transforming
cylinder T-C3, makes its travel horizontally, the pistons in the transforming cylinders
shewn at T-C 1, and T-C 2, will in response thereto, make their travel
-vertically.
I have purposely designed this engine for supplying water to towns, draining mines,
numbing out dooba and lika
AJARהמוות
Shews a modification of transforming cylinder intended to work at great pressure
reciprocally, and alternatingly, with another transforming cylinder, preferably of the
,same kind.
The cylinder B 3, sliding along the outside of the cylinder C, gives additional
support to the piston rod, (or plunger rod,) B 4, my object being to prevent the said
rod bending under great pressure.
The whole of that part indicated by the letters B 1, B 2, B 3, and B 4, should
be in one," or so made as to be equivalent in strength thereto. An operating steam,
or gas combustion cylinder, may be attached as shewn at A.
Shews modification of transforming cylinder. When, say, oil is forced through the 3
pipe shewn at A, it passes out through the orifice and into the space, both indicated
by the letter D, the effective pressure causes the piston to occupy the opposite end
of the cylinder to that whereat it is now shewn.
By relieving this pressure, and applying effective pressure through the pipe B, the oil
would flow through the holes shewn at C, and cause the piston to reverse back to the 3
position in which it is now shewn.
:
I have specially designed this engine for use in connection with those processes,
and occupations where either bot water, or heating and drying by means of hot water is
required.
P. C, shews a Pinckney cylinder, substantially as that hereinbefore fully described,
and shewn on Sheet 1.
A. Pipe through which the hot water ascends.
B. Pipes for distributive, and radiating purposes.
C. Pipe through which the exhaust escapes from the combustion chambers of the
Pinckney cylinder, such chambers are shewn at PP.
D. Pipes through which the cooler water, namely the return flow descends.
E E. Connections to lead the exhaust as it escapes from the combustion chambers PP
into the exhaust pipe C.

page_text: :
Ring-chambers, the uptake of which is fitted with a number of tubes, such tubes
may either be surrounded by water, or be made to contain water, that is to say, they
may be either fire tubes, or water tubes, suitable provision being made to allow the
heated exhaust from the operating cylinders to escape through the uptake.
Such devices I have foreshadowed in my Provisional Specification, as a mitrailleuse
uptake.
The uptake may be made when desirable, to descend more, or less, into the
chamber shewn in the drawings on Sheet 2, at letter D, in Figs. 1, and 4, these said
devices being substantially as, and for the purposes hereinbefore substantially
'described.
Muring alomban m

page_text: A cover with a flange around its edge as shewn at A, and herein before described
as a water-box cylinder cup. A water-box stay, made as shewn at B, and also in the
enlargement Fig. 7. The insertion of an internal combustion cylinder in a loco-type
boiler as shewn at P-C. The said devices and arrangements, being substantially as,
and for the purposes hereinbefore substantially described.
A boiler tube intended preferably as a fire tube,—such may also when practicable
be used as a water tube,-the end being turned back so as to form that which I have
named a water-cuff. Around the outside of the extreme end of the part turned back,
there is a small grooved out collar as shewn at A, while a caulking ridge as shewn at B,
in Fig. 9, is after the insertion of the tube in the tube plate, caulked back as shewn
at B, in Fig. 10. The diameter of the tube may be gradually reduced toward the

page_text: The design of a Pinckney heat-conserving engine substantially as here shewn, and
the following devices: namely A, ring-chamber. F, lap of engine. S-C, steam-
cylinder. H, exhaust chamber. I, water-drum. J, air-pipe. P-C, Pinckney-
cylinder. P, water-tank. N, reservoir for oil, or compressed gas, or other fuel.
Z the girder-iron. Such devices being substantially as, and for the purposes herein-
before substantially described.

page_text: CLAIM 28.
Refer to Sheet 5, Fig. 3, letters T-C 1, and T-C_2. Also to Sheet 6, Fig. 3,
letters T-C 1. And Fig. 4, letters T-C 2, T-C 3, T-C 4. And Fig. 5,
letters T-C 5. And also shewn on Sheet 8, at letters T-C 1, T-C 2, T-C 3, and
elsewhere thereon. Two, or more cylinders suitably arranged and connected by
means of pipes, or otherwise, so that when the said cylinders and their connections
are filled with oil, or water, or other suitable agency, an alternating motion
transmitted to the piston in the one cylinder or cylinders, will be transmitted
through the medium of oil, or water, or other suitable agency, to produce an
alternating motion in the other reciprocally connected cylinder, or cylinders, such
arrangements being substantially as those herein substantially described as my.
transforming cylinders, and designed to effect those purposes, herein substantially
described.
;
The parts, either all or several of which, may be used in the construction of
Pinckney marine, and stationary engines, namely Fig. 1, the feed water heater
herein before described as the ring-chamber. The modification of a heat-conserving
boiler, shewn at Fig. 2. Transforming cylinders, substantially as arranged at T-C 1,
T-C 2, T-C 3, T-C4, and T-C 5, in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, on Sheet 6.
:
.)
The arrangement of bolting or placing the operating cylinders of a fluid-pressure
heat-motor upon the sole plate, or bed, or foundation of an engine, as substantially.
shewn at P-C, in Fig. 3. At S-C 1, S-C 2, and S-C 3, in Fig. 4, on Sheet 6,
and transforming an alternating vertical motion into rotary motion by means of:
transforming cylinders, made substantially as, and for the purposes herein before
substantially described.
The arrangement of a marine engine, or engines, as hereinbefore substantially,
described and shewn in the drawings on Sheet 6, at Fig. 6.
CLAIM 34. Refer to Sheet 7, Fig. 1.
The arrangement of a fluid pressure heat-motor, as herein before substantially
described and shewn in the drawings on Sheet 7, at Fig. 1, namely A, guides.
B, cross-yoke. C, connecting-rod. P-C, position in which may be placed the cylinders
for any kind of fluid-pressure heat-motor, D, crank..
CLAIM 34. Refer to Sheet 7, Fig. 1.
The arrangement of a fluid pressure heat-motor, as herein before substantially
described and shewn in the drawings on Sheet 7, at Fig. 1, namely A, guides.
B, cross-yoke. C, connecting-rod. P-C, position in which may be placed the cylinders
for any kind of fluid-pressure heat-motor, D, crank..

page_text: B, cross-head. C, connecting rod. D, guide-rods. E, cross-yoke. F, play-hole.
The operating cylinders the position of which are shewn may be either steam, or any
other kind that are used in the construction of fluid-pressure heat-motors.
snewn in the drawings upon Sheet 9 namely, A, pipe through which the heated water
ascends. B, pipes for distributive and radiating purposes. C, pipe through which
the heated gases from P, P exhaust. D, return flow of water. E, E, connections to
lead exhaust gases from P, P into C. F, F, F, water-ways. G, mud-pocket.
CLAIM 43.
Internal combustion engines made substantially as ordinary gas engines, and
so called "oil engines," but with the following new and novel exception in combina-
tion namely: 1, a combustion chamber at each end of the cylinder. 2, two pistons
coupled together moving within the cylinder. 3, a space between the coupled-pistons
through which,-space,-a stream of so called "cold water" may be caused to flow.
Dated this 27th day of June 1898.
PERCIVAL PINCKNEY.