Improvements in Electric Motors and Dynamo Electric Machines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Sept., 1892-Accepted, 3rd Dec., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Motors and Dynamo Electric Machines.
I, ALEXANDER WILLIAM MESTON of No. 304 North Eighth Street in the City
of St. Louis, State of Missouri, United States of America, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to electric motors in general, more particularly to that
type of electric motors adapted to be operated by alternating currents. It has for
its object, primarily, improvements in a motor of this character adapting it, first,
to be automatically self-regulating under different loads; second, to be sensitively
and positively self-starting from all possible positions of the armature, even under
a load; third to be reversed to run equally well in either direction, and, at the
same time, be susceptible of being set to run at different speeds; and, fourth, to
run for a comparatively long time without requiring attention. In general,
improvements adapting the motor to be inexpensively and conveniently constructed,
simple, and easily operated. It consists in the novel features of improvement in
the details of construction and consequent method of operation whereby the objects
enumerated above, among other desirable results, have been effected, as hereinafter
described.
In the accompanying drawings, in which like symbols of reference denote like
parts in the several figures,
Fig. 1 is an end elevational view of the motor, with the near enclosing plate
removed, showing the armature horizontally disposed, showing the method of cross-
connecting the field-magnet windings;
Fig. 2 is a view, similar to Fig. 1, of the other end of the motor, showing, more
particularly, the adjustable commutator, and method of cross-connecting the same;
Fig. 3 is a central vertical section of the motor, taken parallel to the axis of
rotation of the armature, which, in this instance, is vertically disposed, the winding
on the field-magnet not being shown;
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the motor, taken through the axis of rotation of
the armature, which is vertically placed, as in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a plan-view of the machine assembled ;
Fig. 6 is a plan-view of the commutator-disk;
Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the armature, illustrative, more particularly, of
the automatic regulation devices ;
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the operation of the self-regulating devices ;
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section of the brush-holder;
Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the weights by which the self-regulating device is
operated;
Fig. 11 is a plan-view of the annular contact-plate, to which one of the exterior
terminals of the motor is secured and from which the current is delivered, through
the brushes, to the commutator-plate;
Figs. 12, 13, and 14 are similar diagramatic views illustrative of the operative
features of the adjustable commutator-plate, showing between the different views,
relatively changed positions of the revoluble commutator;
Fig. 15 is a detail perspective view of the means of moving the commutator
handle and clamping the same.
As illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the field-magnet A of my motor is composed of
a number of sheets of soft iron of the form illustrated in Figs. 12, 13, and 14,
rigidly secured together by the spider-plates C and C¹ and clamping through-

page_text: bolts " the spider-plates having the same general form, in outline, as the laminations
of the field-magnet, being only a little larger diametrically, for reasons which will
hereinafter appear, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
The plate is counter-sunk to accomodate the heads of the through-bolts c, so
that the annular portion of the outside faces of the same are flush, to receive the
enclosing-plates, hereinafter described.
The laminations of the field-magnet A are formed with an annular portion
provided with a plurality of inwardly-extending radially-disposed polar-exten-
sions, 1, 2, 3, etc., the inner operative faces of which are formed concentric with
the axis of rotation of the armature B.
In the radially-projecting edges of the spider-plates C and C¹, are formed similar
annular grooves c' adapted to receive the side edges of the split-band D (see Figs. 3
and 4) which is carefully milled to width, and, when the machine is assembled, the
through-bolts drawing together the more or less compressible laminations of
which the field-magnet is composed, acts as a spacer to retain the spider-plates C
and C a definite distance apart, accurately determining the width or thickness of
the field-magnet as a whole.
The outside surface of that portion of the spider-plates C and C' which corre-
sponds to the polar-extensions of the field-magnet is preferably rounded off, as
shown in Figs. 1 and 2, to receive the field-magnet coils, and one of them, as C¹³,
is formed, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 1, with lateral extensions, or knees, cl,
adapted to retain the field-magnet coils in place when the motor is assembled.
One of these extensions is replaced with a stud or pin el, electrically insulated
from the spider-plate, which acts as a common terminal for the inner terminals of
the several field-magnet coils not otherwise connected, as hereinafter explained.
To the alternate inner extremities of the polar-extension portions of the other
spider-plate, C, are secured, respectively, the insulated pins i, i', i", and the clip-
springs k, between which and the turned off shoulders in the extreme ends of the
inwardly-extending portions of the spider-plate, is revolubly secured_the_outer
edge of the disk commutator-plate E, hereinafter described, as illustrated in Fig. 3.
The rear end of the clip-springs k are turned up at right-angles, forming lateral
extensions to the plate C, similar to the extensions c¹¹ on the plate C¹, and for the
same purpose.
The armature B, which is laminated similar to the field-magnet, is rigidly
mounted on the shaft F, which has journal-bearings and in the central hub-
portions of the enclosing-plates, G and G'. The form of the laminations of which
the armature B is composed is shown in Figs. 12, 13, and 14, and consists in a
body-portion b, equally disposed diametrically on either side of its axial shaft F,
and the oppositely-extending projections 1 and 11. The circumferential surface of
the armature is formed eccentric to the axis of rotation, being gradually radially
reduced to a similar degree from the centre to either edge. The laminations of the
armature B are secured together by the traverse-bolts 1, in the length of which are
included the two disks L of insulating material on either end of the armature B. As
shown in Figs. 3 and 4, and, in detail, in Fig. 7, there are formed in the outer operative
surface of the material of the armature B one, two, or more, circumferential grooves
adapted to accomodate several coils M and M' of wire, the method of connecting
and uses of which will hereinafter be described.
The brush-holders N and N' consist in a metal tube (see Fig. 9) closed at one
end preferably, by removable screw-plug n and containing a delicate compression-
spring n. The open end is crimped to conform to the cross-section of the stick o
of carbon.
The cross-section of the carbon-sticks o is practically a truncated sector, being
formed by flattening opposite sides of the sticks of round carbon corresponding
to chords of the circumference, at an angle relative to each other corresponding to
the radii of the circle in which the carbons, as a whole, revolve when mounted in
the motor.
In this manner, in the operation of the motor, when the brush o, in contact with

page_text: the commutator E, is made to revolve, the brush o makes contact and breaks
circuit at once, as a whole, with any of the separate segments 1º, 2º, etc.
On the top of the compression-spring, is placed a disk of insulating material n",
between it and the end of the carbon-stick o. The length of the brush-holders N
and N are somewhat longer than the axial lengths of the armature, and are
secured in perforations provided therefor in the insulation-disks L, occupying
position parallel to the axis of the armature, between the lateral extensions 6 and 6",
on either side of the body-portion b.
ย
The open ends of the brush-holders are turned in opposite directions, respectively,
so that there is a spring-impelled carbon-brush o protruding from each end of the
armature.
To the insulation-disk L, at one end of the armature, is secured one or two
centrifugally-operated springs m and m', the free ends of which normally rest
against the protruding ends of the brush-holders N and N', respectively. To each
of the springs is adjustably secured a weight. r, shown in detail in Fig. 10. are
stop-pins to limit the movement of the springs m and m¹.
To either end of the motor, are removably secured the enclosing-plates G and G³,
the faces of the laterally extending edges of which are turned off to fit the outside
and 4, an
faces of the spider-plates C and C', leaving, as is shown in Figs.
annular lip g, which, when the plates G and G¹ are secured to the spider-plates by
the screws g (see Figs. 4 and 5) fits in a shoulder g" formed in the spider-plates,
determining to a nicety the concentricity of the two plates relative to the spider-
plates; ie., the motor as a whole. In the central hub-portion of the plates G
and G, are formed journal-bearings f and f' for the armature-shaft F.
In the journal-bearings are formed the oil-wells g. The shaft F extends from
one end of the motor adapting a fan or pulley (not shown) to be attached thereto.
In the bearings, already described, provided therefor, in the inner ends of the
polar-extensions of the spider-plate C, is revolubly secured the disk-commutator E,
composed of the plate E, in one of the side faces of which is formed a circular
groove E, and the several commutator-segments 1, 2, 3, etc., which are rigidly
secured in the circular groove E', being insulated from the supporting plate E and
from each other. The plate, as a whole, is formed with a central perforation to
accomodate the armature-shaft, being placed concentrically thereto.
The segmental side of the commutator, is shown in Fig. 6. As shown in Fig. 3,
in section, and in plan in Fig. 2, there. is secured to each segment 1°, 2°, etc.,
a laterally-projecting pin s, which extends a short distance through the plate E,
and is insulated therefrom by the flanged-headed bushings s'.
To the pins s, are secured the wires by which the different segments 1º, 2º, etc.,
are cross-connected, as hereinafter explained, and the terminals of the field-magnet
windings.
The plate E is preferably faced on its flat side with a disk E" of insulating
material, to more effectually insulate the several cross-connecting wires in contact
therewith.
As shown in Figs. 2 and 3 there is rigidly secured to the plate E a radially-
extending lever-arm H for rotating the same in its bearings.
The extending end of this arm H engages in a slot in the head end of a clamping-
bolt H which is provided with a thumb-nut h (see Fig. 15). This adjusting and
clamping bolt protrudes through the encasing-plate G, a circumferentially-disposed
slot H, being formed therefor in the laterally-extending edge-portion of the
plate G, as shown in Figs. 3 and 5.
To the inside of the encasing-plate G' is secured, concentrically with the arinature
axis, the annular insulation-plate P, on which is supported, on the inside, the
contact-ring P, and contact-spring P. To the other side surface of the plate P,
are secured the binding posts Q and Q', one of which is electrically connected with
the ring P¹, and the other with the spring P, as shown in Fig. 4.
By this means, when the machine is assembled, circuit is established to the field-
magnet windings of the motor, one of the carbon-brushes being held in revoluble

page_text: contact with the contact-ring P₁ (see Fig. 4) and the contact-spring P¹¹ being held
in contact with the pin c (see Fig. 3).
As illustrated in the several views, the motor, as a whole, is supported on a tripod
base, which comprises the raised platform-portion R, which is rigidly secured by
screws to the spider-plates C and C1, the standard S, and the radially-extending
feet T. The several radially-extending feet T are so disposed circumferentially
that one will be in line with, and extend in the opposite direction from the end of
the shaft F to which the fan is attached, thus bringing the ends of the other two
feet approximately flush with the fan side of the motor. See Fig. 5. The first foot
acts to brace the motor against the direct push of the fan in revolving, and the
other two, while not obstructing the room for the fan and its guard, tends to brace
the motor laterally.
These results could not be obtained by any but the herein-described tripod
arrangement.
In the under side of the extending ends of the feet T are formed recesses to
receive the cushioning plugs T₁ of soft rubber or similar material.
The ends of the split-band D are included between the platform-portion R of
the base and the body of the motor. Having described the constructional features
of my motor, I will now explain the method of winding and connections.
In a small motor of this character, by which only a small power is expected to
be developed, the armature is preferably not wound, for economic reasons, in the
manufacture of the same. As indicated in Figs. 1, 2, 12, 13, and 14, the winding
of my motor, through which the operative current is directed to make the motor
rotate, consists in exciting coils, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., placed on the polar extensions of
the field-magnet. As indicated in Fig. 2, the inner terminals of alternate coils, as
those of 2, 4, and 6, are connected, respectively, to consecutive segments of the
commutator, as 6, 5, 4, and these segments connected with the segments opposite
them as 3º, 2º, and 1°, respectively.
At the other end of the machine, as indicated in Fig. 1, the outer terminals of
the several coils oppositely situated are connected together, respectively; i.e., 1 to 4,
2 to 5, and 3 to 6.
The inner terminals of the remaining three coils 1, 3, and 5, not otherwise
connected, as described, to the commutator-plate E, are connected together and to
the common terminal e, which is in electrical connection (when the machine is
assembled, as indicated in Figs. 3, 4, and 5), by means of the contact-spring P",
with the binding post Q', to which one side of the exterior feed-circuit can be
attached.
The binding-post Q to which the other side of the feed-circuit can be attached,
is, as already described, electrically connected with the contact-ring P1, with which,
in the operation of the machine, one the carbon-brushes o-that supported in the
brush-holder N¹ makes contact. The circuit is continued through the holder N¹ to
the other end of the machine, where the two holders N¹ and N are normally in
electrical connection with each other. From the holder N, the circuit is completed
back to one of the several segments 1º, 2º, etc., of the commutator E, the particular
one being dependent on the position of the armature B by which the brushes are
carried. The terminals of the coil M, imbedded in the face of the armature B,
are connected, respectively, one to the spring m, and the other to the brush-
holder N, with which the spring normally makes contact.
Terminals of the coil M are similarly connected with the spring m¹ and the
brush-holder N. The springs m and m' are also electrically connected together.
These connections are shown in the schematic view in Fig. 8.
By this means, the cross-connecting of the two springs m and m', the two brush-
holders are virtually connected, electrically, together, when the springs m and m¹
are in contact with their respective brush-holders N and N, as they are normally,
the circuit being thereby made direct from one brush-holder to the other,
irrespective of the coils M and M. This normal condition is shown in Figs. 1
and 7.

page_text: The principles of operation are as follows: Circuit being established to the
motor, from some external source, the energizing current enters at the binding--
post Q with which the ring P₁ is connected. From the ring, the current is taken.
up by the brush o in the holder N'.
From
From the brush-holder N¹, it is connected to the holder N, and, from it,
through its carbon-brush to some one of the segments of the commutator.
this segment, it traverses, first, the field-magnet helix which is connected there-
with; then, the helix on the opposite polar-extension of the field-magnet, and,
then, through the common terminal and the contact-spring and its binding-post Q',
out from the motor.
The current thus energizes the oppositely-placed polar-extensions, establishing
a magnetic field, the magnetic circuit of which, in one instance, is closed.
through the annular portion of the field-magnet, and, in the other, to a greater
or less degree by the armature. It is in the effort of the armature to assume a
position for thus completing the magnetic circuit, and in the effort to straighten, to-
the greatest possible degree, the magnetic lines of force existing between the-
energized polar-extensions, that impetus of rotation is imparted to the armature.
The position of the brush that makes contact with the commutator in fact, of
both brushes relative to the diametrical position of the body-portion of the
armature, is fixed. The field-magnet coils to which the current is directed, in.
the rotation of the armature, at any instant, is therefore dependent on the position
of any one segment of the commutator-plate E, with which the brush is in contact,.
relative to the polar-extension, the terminal of the winding of which its connected
thereto. This is determined by the position of the handle or arm H, by which
the commutator is rotated in its bearings. When the handle is thrown to the.
middle the position shown in Fig. 2-the commutator-disk will be brought to a
position adapting the brush in the holder N to make contact with that segment of
the commutator-plate which will direct the current to energize the polar-extensions
immediately between which the armature is situated.
This condition is illustrated in Fig. 12. In this instance, there is no tendency in
the armature to rotate. But, immediately the commutator-plate is rotated in
either direction (considering the armature, for the sake of illustration, to remain
stationary while the change is being made) sufficiently to bring the next segment
of the cominutator into contact with the brush, the current will be directed, iu a
divided circuit, to the exciting coils of the next polar-extensions in the opposite
direction. This will at once establish a new magnetic field, in which the present
position of the armature is not one of equilibrium.
The armature would, therefore, tend to rotate to assume a position of maximum.
closing of the magnetic circuit.
Before, however, it has reached this secondary position in the newly-established
magnetic-field, the brush has left the rearward segment and is only in contact
with the segment that directs the current to the coils of the forward polar.
extension.
In Fig. 13, the commutator is shown as revolved one-twelfth of a turn to the
right, one in which the brush o, when still in its first position, is in contact with
two segments, 1 and 2, energizing the coils on the polar-extensions 3* and 6ª at
the same time as those on 1" and 4".
The normal position of the armature B, when allowed to rotate, in this newly-
established field, corresponds to the line x-x, the brush having left the original
position of contact with the two segments 2 and 1°. resting only on the segment 1",
whereby the polar extensions 3 and 6 ouly are energized, this tending to impel
the armature still farther around, until the first condition is re-established. Thus
it will be seen that, with the commutator in this one-twelfth-revolved position, the
condition of the armature being situated directly between energized polar-
extensions cannot be fulfilled, the armature being always approximately one-twelfth
of a turn, or 40 degrees behind the position to do so.
As shown in Fig. 14, the commutator can be still further revolved (to one-sixth

page_text: of a turn, or 90 degrees) from the original central position of the handle H, a
position in which the commutator-segment with which the brush o is in contact is
still farther away from that in which it directs the current to the coils of the
polar-extensions between which the armature is situated, to close the magnetic
circuit, and giving the armature a still greater impetus of rotation; i.e., increasing
its space.
This description of the change of position of the commutator to the right,
making the armature rotate to the left, applies as well when the change of position
is made to the left, when the armature will rotate to the right.
From the foregoing discussion, it is evident that, as the commutator-disk is
revolved, from the neutral position, in either direction, the speed is increased up
to a certain point and the magnetic circuit is completed to a proportionately less
degree. It follows, therefore, for obvious reasons, that when the commutator is
set for a slower speeds, the motor is taking less current. This very desirable
result, in the economic running of the motor, has been proved by actual
experiment.
:
The function of the coils M & M is this being set in a plane, parallel to the
plane of revolution of the armature and to the plane of the magnetic lines of force
between the energized field-magnet poles, there will be no current induced in the
coils by the rotation of the armature. When the armature is rotated, the tendency
of the centrifugal force will be to throw the free ends of the springs m and m
away from their contact with the brush-holder tubes N and N', respectively, (see
Fig. 8), forcing the energizing current through the coils M and M.
This not only throws in an artificial resistance in the motor circuit, but, the
coils being almost, altogether surrounded by iron, they will act as choking coils
to choke back the current. In this manner, the motor is made automatically
self-regulating when the load is varied, the weights acting in connection with
coils M and M' in the capacity of a centrifugal governor.
In small machines, such as a fan motor, where the load is practically constant,
there is no need for this means of regulation. In this instance, the coils M and M¹
and springs m and m¹ can be dispensed with, and the brush-holders N and N¹
simply connected together, electrically.
The weights on the springs m and m' are preferably set to be thrown outwardly
by different speeds of the armature. These same conditions could, of course, be
established by appliances exterior to the machine; but the main feature of advantage
in my arrangement is that the coils and cutting-in devices are all self-contained in
the armature, and rotate therewith, obviating the necessity of any brushes or similar
appliances to cut in the coils when the armature is rotated.
The advantage in placing the brush-holders in the unoccupied space in the
armature, as shown, is that it permits a length of carbon being used that could not
be accomodated by any other arrangement of the parts of the motor. This
arrangement accommodates a length of carbon that will adapt the machine to be
continuously run for a comparatively long time without renewal of the carbons and
without attention.
The object of the arrangement in the brush-holders, that of interposing the
disk n of insulating material between the inner ends of the carbons a and the
compression-springs n-is this: that the continuity of the circuit from the brush-
holder to the carbon, through the spring, is broken thereby, forcing the current to
take up a circuit through the contact of the brush-holders with the carbon. It has
been found, in practice, that, when part of the current is allowed to flow through
the spring, more or less of the temper of the spring is destroyed by the heat
developed in the same by the passage of the current therethrough.
This is obviated by my arrangement. The feature, in the armature, of making
the polar-surfaces thereof eccentric to the axis of rotation, while forming the
operative face of the polar-extensions of the field-magnet concentric with the axis
of rotation of the armature, is this:-When, in the rotation of the armature, the
brush carried thereby has made contact with the forward one or two adjacent

page_text: commutator-segments, thereby energizing the set of polar-extensions next forward
in the direction in which the armature is rotating, this newly-established magnetic
field will act with a sudden impulse, or jerk, to impel the armature farther
forward.
It is to avoid this sudden jerk that the forward edge is reduced radially,
presenting at the forward edge a wider magnetic gap between the polar surfaces
of the field-magnet and the armature, the armature gradually wedging, as it were,
into the forwardly-established magnet field. In causing this eccentricity to extend
similarly from a central line toward either edge of the polar surface, a similar
but opposite effect is produced with relation to the back-pull of the rearward
simultaneously-energized polar-extensions of the field-magnet; that is, the forward
and backward pull is counterbalanced at the instant when the armature is operating
between two sets of simultaneously-energized polar-extensions of the field-magnet.
And, further, the widening at the backward edge of the armature, of the magnetic
gap, is also operative in conjunction with the rearwardly-extending lip-portion,
as hereinafter explained, when the current has been cut off from the rearward
set of field-magnet polar-extensions.
It also operates to make the motor operative equally well in either direction.
The functions of the laterally-projecting lip-portions of the armature are
these: Considering the armature as rotating in either direction, the forward lip
acts to project forward in the rotation of the armature, into a newly-established
magnetic-field, when, for instance, two sets of consecutive polar-extensions are
simultaneously energized, this lip-portion, shunting, as it were, into the magnetic
field, including magnetic lines of force that would not otherwise be included in
the scope of the armature, and gently curving them through the body-part of
the armature, in this way making the motor very sensitively self-starting.
In practice, it has been found that, when the rear edge of the armature is cut
off abruptly, there is, in some positions of the armature, a very strong back-pull
toward a set of polar-extensions of the field-magnet, from helices from which the
energizing current has been cut off by the rotation of the brushes. This is due
to the fact that, during the operation of the motor, the arinature is polarized,
and that there are stray lines of self-induced magnetism flowing from either end
of the same, which seek a magnetic circuit through the nearest field-magnet polar
extensions and the annular portion of the field-magnet. As the arinature is
rotated away from a rearward polar-extension, even where such polar-extension is
not energized, these stray lines of induced magnetism will be grouped to the
rearward corner of the armature and tend to hold the armature against a forward
pull of the energized polar-extensions.
By providing the armature with the rearwardly-extending lips, this objectionable
feature is remedied-the lines being offered a gently curved path through this
lip-portion.
This feature of construction also makes the motor correspondingly operative with
respect to this back pull when run in either direction.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is,
1. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet, of radially-disposed
polar-extensions, the inner surfaces of which are concentric with the axis of rotation
of the armature, and an armature, the exterior surface of which is eccentric to its
axis substantially as, and for the purposes described.
2. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet and its polar-
extensions concentric with the axis of rotation of the armature, of an armature, the
operative surfaces of the polar parts of which are struck from centers other than
the axis of rotation substantially as, and for the purposes described.
3. In an electric motor, the combination with the field-magnet, of an armature
provided with lateral extensions: substantially as, and for the purposes described.

page_text: 4. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet. of an armature,
consisting in a body-portion provided with projections extending from said body-
portion, the exterior face of said extensions being flush with the body-portion of
the armature substantially as, and for the purposes described.
:
5. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet, of an armature
consisting in a body-portion provided with projections extending from said body-
portion, the exterior face of said extensions being flush with the body-portion of
the armature and eccentric to the axis of rotation of said armature: substantially
as, and for the purposes described.
6. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet provided with a
plurality of polar-extensions oppositely placed, of helices on said polar-extensions,
the inner terminals of opposite helices being connected together, the outer terminals
having exterior connections and a distribution-plate, or plates, being interposed in
one of said outer terminal connections: substantially as and for the purposes
described.
7. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet, provided with a
plurality of polar-extensions oppositely placed, of helices on said polar-extensions,
the inner terminals of opposite helices being connected together, respectively, and
the outer terminals of said helices having exterior connections one-half being
connected to a common terminal, and a distribution-plate, or plates, interposed
in each of the remaining outer terminal connections: substantially as and for the
purposes described.
8. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet provided with a
plurality of polar-extensions and helices on said polar-extensions, of an armature
and means for commuting the energizing current to said helices: substantially as
and for the purposes described.
9. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet provided with a
plurality of polar-extensions and helices on said polar-extensions, of an armature,
a distribution-plate, or plates, for commuting the energizing current to said
helices, and a contact-making device: substantially as and for the purposes
described.
10. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet provided with a
plurality of polar-extensions, and helices on said polar-extensions, of an armature,
a stationary distribution-plate, or plates, for commuting the energizing current to
said helices, and a revoluble contact-making device: substantially as and for the
purposes described.
11. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet provided with a
plurality of polar-extensions and helices on said polar-extensions, of an armature,
a stationary terminal contact-plate, a distribution-plate or plates, for commuting
the energizing current to said helices, and a contact making device, interposed
between the contact-plate and distribution-plate: substantially as and for the
purposes described.
12. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet provided with a
plurality of polar-extensions and helices on said polar-extensions, of an armature,
a stationary terminal contact plate, a stationary distribution-plate, or plates, and a
revoluble contact-making device interposed between the contact-plate and
distribution-plate: substantially as and for the purposes described.
13. In an electric motor, the combination with an armature and its shaft, of a
segmental distribution-plate, a contact-plate, and means for establishing electrical
.connection between said contact-plate and said distribution-plate: substantially as
and for the purposes described.
14. In an electric motor, the combination with an armature and its shaft, of a
stationary segmental distribution-plate, a stationary contact-plate, and means
adapted to rotate with the armature-shaft for establishing electrical connection
between said contact and distribution plates: substantially as and for the purposes
.described.
15. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a split-band, of enclosing-

page_text: plates, and through-bolts, for drawing said plates together, and securing the said
split-band: substantially as and for the purposes described.
16. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a split-band, of clamping-
plates provided with over-lapping flanges, through-bolts for drawing the plates
together and secure the split-band therebetween, and a base secured to said plates
over the continuous ends of the split-band: substantially as and for the purposes
described.
17. In an electric motor, a contact-making device rigidly secured to the armature-
shaft, a stationary contact-plate secured to the framing of the motor, and a stationary
segmental distribution-plate secured to the framing of the motor, the said contact-
making device being adapted, in the operation of the machine, to make circuit
between the said contact-plate, and the different sections of said distribution-
plate, combined and operating substantially as described and for the purposes
specified.
18. In an electric motor, a device for establishing electrical circuit from the
exterior supply-wires to the different field-inagnet coils, consisting in an annular
contact-plate secured to the framing of the machine, a segmental distribution-plate
secured to the framing of the machine, to the several sections of which are secured,
respectively, one end of the several field-magnet coils, and a contact-making device
rigidly secured on the armature-shaft, said device consisting in a supporting-block
formed with two or more recesses into which are fitted spring-governed pins adapted,
in the operation of the machine, to make contact, respectively, with the said contact-
plates, and the different sections of the said distribution-plate, and operating
substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.
19. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with the commutator, of a
carbon-brush, means for holding the brush in yielding contact with the commutator,
and an insulation interposed between said yielding means and the carbon sub-
stantially as and for the purposes described.
20. In a brush for dynamo-electric machines, the combination with the holder
and spring for holding the carbon against the commutator, of the carbon and an
insulation interposed between the spring and the carbon substantially as and for
the purposes described.
:
21. In an electric motor, the combination with the armature, of one or more coils
wound on the armature in a plane parallel to the plane of the magnetic lines of
force: substantially as and for the purposes described.
22. In an electric motor, the combination with the armature, of one or more coils
wound on the armature in a plane parallel to the plane of the magnetic lines of
force, and means for throwing the said coil or coils into the motor circuit: sub-
stantially as and for the purposes described.
23. In an electric motor, the combination with the armature, of one or more coils
wound on the armature in a plane parallel to the plane of the magnetic lines of
force, and means, actuated by the rotation of the armature, for throwing the said
coils into the motor circuit: substantially as and for the purposes described.
24. In an electric motor, the combination with the armature, of a choking
oil or coils secured to, and rotating with said armature, and means for throwing
said coils into the motor circuit: substantially as and for the purposes described.
25. In an electric motor, the combination with the armature, of a coil wound on
the said armature in a plane parallel to the lines of force, and a spring for
shunting said coil, and adapted to be actuated by the rotation of the armature
to cut said coil into the motor circuit: substantially as and for the purposes
described.
26. In an electric motor, the combination with the rotating part of the motor, of
a coil secured to said rotating part in a plane parallel to the plane of the
magnetic lines of force, and means actuated by the rotation of such rotating part
to cut the said coil into the motor circuit: substantially as and for the purposes
described.
27. In an electric motor, the combination with the armature, of a coil wound on
B

page_text: said armature in a plane parallel to the magnetic lines of force, a spring secured to
the armature adapted to shunt the said coil, and to be actuated by the rotation of
the armature to cut said coil into the motor circuit: substantially as and for the
purposes described.
28. In an electric motor, the combination with the armature, of a stationary
commutator, a brush secured to and rotating with said armature: substantially as
and for the purposes described.
29. In an electric motor, the combination with the armature, of clamping-plates
at either end of the armature, and brush-holders secured in said clamping-plates :
substantially as and for the purposes described.
30. In an electric motor, the combination with an armature, of clamping-plates
of insulating material at either end of the armature, and brush-holders secured in
said plates substantially as and for the purposes described.
31. In an electric motor, the combination with the armature, of a stationary
commutator situated at one end of the armature, a stationary contact-plate at the
other end of the armature, and a brush secured to and rotating with the said
armature adapted to make circuit between the commutator-plate and the contact-
plate substantially as and for the purposes described.
32. In an electric motor, the combination with the armature, of a normally
stationary commutator-plate situated at one end of said armature, a contact-plate
situated at the other end of the armature, and a brush secured to, and rotating with
the armature adapted to make circuit between the commutator-plate and the
contact-plate substantially as and for the purposes described.
33. In an electric motor, the combination with the armature, of a movable
commutator-plate situated at one end of the armature, a contact-plate situated at
the other end of the armature, and a brush secured to, and rotating with the
armature adapted to make circuit between the commutator and the contact-plate:
substantially as and for the purposes described.
34. In an electric motor, the combination with the armature, of a commutator
situated in proximity to the one end of the armature, a contact-plate situated in
proximity to the other end of the armature, a brush secured to, and rotating with
the armature, adapted to make contact with the commutator, and another brush
secured to, and rotating with the armature, adapted to make contact with the contact
plate, the said brushes being electrically connected together: substantially as and
for the purposes described.
35. In an electric motor, the combination with the armature, of a segmental disk
commutator situated in proximity to one end of the armature in a plane to which
the axis of the armature is perpendicular, an annular contact-plate situated in
proximity to the other end of the armature in a plane perpendicular to the axis of
the armature, a brush carried by the armature adapted to make contact with the
commutator, another brush adapted to make contact with the contact-plate, said
brushes being electrically connected together: substantially as and for the purposes
described.
36. A carbon brush holder for dynamo-electric machines consisting in a tube for
holding the carbon, said tube being open at one end and closed at the other end,
and a spring in said tube: substantially as and for the purposes described.
37. A carbon brush-holder for dynamo-electric machines consisting in a tube for
holding the carbon, the said tube being closed at one end by a plug, and the other
end being open, said opening being formed to conform to the cross-section of the
carbon-brush: substantially as and for the purposes described.
38. In an electric motor, the combination with the armature and an insulation
disk secured on either end of the same, of a brush-holder consisting in a tube, the
ends of which are supported in said insulation disks and project therethrough:
substantially as and for the purposes described.
39. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a segmental disk
commutator, of a carbon brush the cross-section of which is substantially a truncated
sector substantially as and for the purposes described.

page_text: 40. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a disk commutator, of a
carbon brush, the cross-section of which is made to conform to the shape of the
segments of the commutator: substantially as and for the purposes described.
41. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a disk commutator, of a
carbon brush, the side lines of the cross-section of which correspond to the insulation
between the segments of the commutator: substantially as and for the purposes
described.
42. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with the brush-holder,
consisting in a tube open at one end from which the carbon brush projects, of a
carbon brush, the opening in the holder being made to conform to that cross-section
of the carbon substantially as and for the purposes described.
43. A carbon brush-holder, for dynamo-electric machines, consisting in a tube
for holding the carbon, said tube being open at one end, the opening being formed
to correspond to the cross-section of the carbon, and closed at the other end by a
removable plug, and means for forcing the carbon from the tube: substantially as
and for the purposes described.
44. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet formed with a
plurality of polar-extensions, helices on said extensions, and an adjustable
commutator: substantially as and for the purposes described.
45. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet and exciting coils
on the polar-extensions of the same, of an adjustable commutator: substantially as
and for the purposes described.
46. In an electric motor, the combination with the field-magnet and exciting
coils on the polar-extensions of the same, of an armature, an adjustable commutator,
and a brush revolving with the armature: substantially as and for the purposes
described.
47. In an electric motor, the combination with the field-magnet and coils on the
polar-extensions of the same, of an armature, a stationary contact-plate, an
adjustable commutator, and a brush, revolving with the armature, adapted to
make circuit between the contact-plate and the commutator-plate: substantially as
and for the purposes described.
48. The combination with the body-portion of an electric motor, of a tripod
supporting-base: substantially as and for the purposes described.
49. The combination with the body-portion of an electric motor, of a tripod
supporting-base, consisting in a central vertical standard and three radially-disposed
feet substantially as and for the purposes described.
50. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet and exciting coils,
on the polar-extensions of the same, of an adjustable commutator, and means for
adjusting the same substantially as and for the purposes described.
51. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet and exciting coils
on the polar-extensions of the same, of an adjustable commutator, a handle attached,
to said commutator, and means for moving said handle: substantially as and for
the purposes described.
52. In an electric motor, the combination with the field-magnet and exciting
coils on the polar-extensions of the same, of an adjustable commutator, a handle
attached to said commutator, and means exterior of the motor for moving said
handle substantially as and for the purposes described.
53. In an electric motor, the combination with the field-magnet and exciting
coils on the polar-extensions of the same, of an adjustable commutator, a handle
attached to said commutator, and means for moving and clamping the said handle:
substantially as and for the purposes described.
54. In an electric motor, the combination with the field magnet and its polar-
extensions concentric with the axis of rotation of the armature, of an armature, the
operative face of which is formed eccentric to its axis, being radially reduced
toward the forward and rearward edges: substantially as and for the purposes
described.
55. In an electric motor, the combination with the field-magnet provided with a

page_text: plurality of inwardly-extending, radially-disposed polar-extensions, the operative
faces of which are formed concentric to the axis of rotation of the armature, of an
armature, the operative face of which is formed eccentric to its axis, being radially
reduced toward the forward and rearward edges: substantially as and for the
purposes described.
56. In an electric motor, the combination with the field-magnet and its polar-
extensions, of an armature, the polar parts of which are formed with a rearwardly
and a forwardly extending lip-portion projecting beyond the body-portion of the
same substantially as and for the purposes described.
57. In an electric motor, the combination with the field-magnet provided with a
plurality of inwardly-extending radially-disposed polar-extensions, of an armature,
the polar parts of which are formed with a rearwardly and a forwardly projecting
lip-portion projecting beyond the body-portion: substantially as and for the
purposes described.
58. In an electric motor, the combination, with the field-magnet and clamping-
plates on either side of the same, of enclosing-plates removably secured to either
end of the same: substantially as and for the purposes described.
59. In an electric motor, the combination with a laminated field-magnet and
clamping-plates on either end of the same and through-bolts, of enclosing-plates
removably secured to either end of same, in which are formed the journal-bearings
for the armature: substantially as and for the purposes described.
60. In an electric motor, the combination with a laminated annular field-magnet
and clamping-plates secured on either end of the same, and through-bolts, of
enclosing-plates removably-secured, on either end of the same substantially as
and for the purposes described.
61. In an electric motor, the combination with a laminated field-magnet and
clamping-plates secured on either end of the same, and through-bolts, of enclosing-
plates, removably secured on either end of the same, and exterior terminal
connections secured to one of said enclosing plates: substantially as and for the
purposes described.
62. In an electric motor, the combination with the field-magnet, of enclosing-
plates removably secured to either end of the same, exterior terminal connections
secured to one of said enclosing-plates, a contact-plate secured to the said enclosing-
plate, and electrically connected to one of said exterior terminal connections, and a
contact spring secured to the said enclosing-plate and electrically connected with
the other exterior terminal connection: substantially as and for the purposes
described.
63. In an electric motor, the combination with a field-magnet or armature coils
of a non-inductive resistance coil wound on the rotating part of said motor at right-
angles to the exciting coil of said motor: substantially as and for the purposes
described.
Dated the 16th day of September 1892
PHILIP M. JUSTICE, Fel. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Associate Agent.