Improvements in Methods of Electric Welding and Metal Working.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 27th Dec. 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Methods of Electric Welding and Metal
Working.
I, MARK WESLEY DEWEY, of 150 North Salina Street Syracuse, in the County
of Onondaga, in the State of New York, United States of America, Electrician, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS OF
ELECTRIC WELDING AND METAL-WORKING" and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to those processes of electric welding and metal-working in
which a yielding bed of conducting material is employed, and also to those processes
in which magnetism is utilized.
The objects of my invention are, first, to beat a bar or blank by passing an electric
current through a yielding bed of conducting material from the said bar or article
embedded therein to a terminal of an electric generator in contact with said bed;
second, to subject one or more bars or blanks while embedded to magnetism; third,
to keep the bar or blank heated while it is worked upon an anvil by passing a current
through the bar and anvil while both are connected in circuit; and fourth, to
magnetize the anvil upon which the welding or working operation is performed, to
obtain the effects and superior results, produced by magnetism upon the work.
To this end my invention consists in connecting the said bar or blank with one
terminal of an electric generator, einbedding the portion of the bar or blank to be
worked in a yielding bed of conducting material in connection with the other terininal,
and passing a suitable heating current through the bar or blank or a portion thereof
and the yielding bed.
My invention consists also in connecting the said bar or blank with one terminal of
an electric generator, bringing an end or other portion of the bar or blank to be
worked in contact with a pole of a magnet, passing a heating current through' and
between the bar or blank and the magnet and then applying pressure or force to work
the same while under the influence of the magnet.
And my invention consists further in connecting the bars or blanks to be welded
together to one terminal of an electric generator, bringing the ends or other desired
portions of the bars or blanks to be welded together in contact with a yielding bed of
conducting material connected to the other terminal of the generator, placing the ends
or parts to be welded together in contact with each other, and then applying force
to unite the parts.
My invention also consists in certain other combinations of steps in the method,
hereinafter described and specifically set forth in the claims.
In the drawings,
Fig. 1 represents apparatus partly in section for practising my method.
Fig. 2 shows similar apparatus more particularly adapted for welding purposes.
Fig. 3 shows a yielding bed supported upon a pole of a magnet, and
Fig. 4 represents a bar being worked or bent upon a magnetic anvil.
Referring specifically to the drawings, A indicates an electric generator or source
of heating current, B and B¹ are conductors extending therefrom, B₁ are flexible
conductors leading to clamps b connected to the bars or blanks C embedded in the
yielding conducting bed D formed of carbon or other suitable material supported in
a receptacle E of non-conducting material as fire-brick or asbestos, F is a conducting
plate in the bottom of the receptacle E and in contact with the bed, and ¹ is a
conductor connecting the plate with the conductor B. 611 is a conductor leading
from the conductor B to à terminal of the coil G around the anvil H, or to the
base of the said anvil, and I is a hammer shown to illustrate means for applying

page_text: force or pressure to the work although other suitable tools or means may be employed
therefor if desired.
In Figure 1, c is an adjustable resistance to regulate the current flowing through
the bar C. The clamp 6 is preferably placed near the middle of the bar when the
latter is to be heated at the end so that the other end will remain cool to allow
handling, but the said clamp may be connected to the bar at the end, if desired, as
shown in dotted lines in the figure, or at any other part of the bar. The flexible
connection B allows the bar or blank to be moved universally, or to any desired
position during the heating or working thereof.
When using the apparatus shown in Figure 1 to practice my method, the bar C
is suitably connected to one terminal of the generator A by the clamp b, the end or
other portion of the bar to be heated is embedded in the yielding bed D, thus closing
the circuit through the bed and permitting the current to pass through said bed and
the bar, or a portion thereof, until it is sufficiently heated. The part of the bar
embedded will be quickly heated although of low resistance as the bed may offer
greater resistance to the current. After the bar is sufficiently heated or softened, it
is removed from the bed and placed upon the anvil H thereby interrupting the
current through the bed and passing it through the anvil H and coil G as one
terminal d of the coil is connected to the base of the anvil. While upon the anvil
the bar is handled or turned in any position and hammered or subjected to suitable
pressure or force to work or shape the same as desired, and is also subjected to the
magnetism created by the coil G'around the anvil.
In Fig. 2, two bars C are shown partly embedded preparatory to being united or
welded together upon an anvil as indicated by dotted lines in the figure. In this
case two clamps b, two flexible connections B1, and two adjustable resistances c are
employed. Two resistances are employed so that the current can be equally or
unequally divided as required between the two bars C C. In this figure the coil G is
shown in circuit with an auxiliary source of electricity J.
In order to subject the bar C while embedded to magnetism the bed D is placed
upon a pole of a magnet as shown in Fig. 3. In this case the plate F is in electrical
connection with the coro which forms a part of the base which in turn is connected to
the conductor 6'. The coil G¹ may be included in the same circuit with the bar or in
a separate circuit.
In Fig. 4 the bar C is shown as being heated and bent upon a magnetic anvil.
It will be obvious that in some cases, at least when some materials are to be worked
or welded, it will be unnecessary to heat them in a yielding bed as the heat generated
by the current passing through them when they are brought in contact with the anvil
will be sufficient to soften them so that they may be easily worked or shaped as
described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1-The herein described method for electrically heating a bar or blank for welding
or working purposes, consisting in connecting the said bar or blank with one terminal
of an electric generator, embedding the portion of the bar or blank to be worked in a
yielding bed of conducting material in connection with the other terminal and passing
a suitable heating current through the bar or blank or a portion thereof and the
yielding bed.
2-The herein described method for electrically heating a bar or blank for welding
or working purposes, consisting in connecting the said bar or blank with one terminal
of an electric generator, embedding the portion of the bar or blank to be worked in a
yielding bed of conducting material in connection with the other terminal and passing
a suitable heating current through the bar or blank or a portion thereof and the
yielding bed, and subjecting a portion of the bar or blank to magnetism.
:
3-The herein described method for electrically heating a bar or blank for welding
or working purposes, consisting in connecting the said bar or blank with a universally
i

page_text: movable terminal of an electric generator, embedding the portion of the bar or blank
to be worked in a yielding bed of conducting material in connection with the other
terminal, and passing a suitable heating current through tue bar or blank or a portion
thereof and the yielding bed.
4-The herein described method for electrically beating a bar or blank for welding
or working purposes, consisting in connecting the said bar or blank with one terminal
of an electric generator, embedding the portion of the bar or blank to be worked in a
yielding bed of conducting material in connection with the other terminal, and passing
a suitable heating current through the bar or blank or a portion thereof, and the
yielding bed until sufficiently heated, and then removing the bar or blank from the
bed and performing the operation desired upon the same.
5-The herein described method for electrically heating a bar or blank for welding
or working purposes, consisting in connecting the said bar or blank with one terminal
of an electric generator, embedding the portion of the bar or blank to be worked in a
yielding bed of conducting material in connection with the other terminal, and passing
a suitable heating current through the bar or blank or a portion thereof, and the
yielding bed until sufficiently heated, and then removing the bar or blank from the
bed and performing the operation desired upon the same while upon a magnet.
6-The herein described method for electrically heating a bar or blank for welding
or working purposes, consisting in connecting the said bar or blank with one terminal
of an electric generator, embedding the portion of the bar or blank to be worked in a
yielding bed of conducting material in connection with the other terminal, and passing
a suitable heating current through the bar or blank or a portion thereof and the
yielding bed until sufficiently heated, and then removing the bar or blank from the
bed and applying pressure or force to work the same while under the influence of
magnetism or upon a magnetic anvil.
7-The method of electrically heating and welding or working metal bars or blanks,
consisting in connecting the said bar or blank with one terminal of an electric
generator, bringing an end or other portion of the bar or blank to be worked in
contact with a pole of a magnet, passing a heating current through and between the
bar or blank and the magnet and then applying pressure or force to work the same
while under the influence of the magnet.
8-The method of electrically heating and welding or working metal bars or blanks,
consisting in connecting a bar or blank with one terminal of an electric generator,
bringing an end or other portion of the bar or blank to be worked in contact with a
pole of a magnetic anvil in connection with the other terminal of the generator, passing
a heating current through and between the bar or blank and the magnetic anvil,
and applying pressure or force to weld or work the bar or blank while upon the
said anvil.
9-The method of electrically heating and welding or working metal bars or
blanks, consisting in connecting a bar or blank with the terminals of an electric
generator passing a heating current through the bar or blank, bringing the latter
in contact with a magnetic anvil, and then applying force to weld or otherwise
work the said bar or blank.
10 The method of electrically heating and welding or working metal bars or
blanks, consisting in connecting a bar or blank with the terminals of an electric
generator, passing a heating current through the bar or blank, bringing the latter
in contact with a magnetic anvil, and then applying force to weld or otherwise
work the said bar or blank while handling and moving the latter as desired.
11-The method of electrically heating and welding or working metal bars or
blanks consisting in connecting the bars or blanks to be welded together to one
terminal of an electric generator, bringing the ends or other desired portions of
the bars or blanks to be welded together in contact with a yielding bed of con-
ducting material connected to the other terminal of the generator, placing the ends
or parts to be welded together in contact with each other, and then applying force
to unite the parts.
12—The method of electrically heating and welding or working metal bars or

page_text: blanks, consisting in connecting the bars or blanks to be welded together to one
terminal of an electric generator, bringing the ends or other desired portions of
the bars or blanks to be welded together in contact with a yielding bed of con-
ducting material connected to the other terminal of the generator, placing the ends
or parts to be welded together in contact with each other, and then applying force
to unite the parts while under the influence of a magnet.
Dated this 1st day of November 1890
MARK WESLEY DEWEY.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.