IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MANGLING AND CALENDERING
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Walmsley, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MANGLING
AND CALENDERING."
Sealed the 6th April 1866, and dated the 9th October 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Walmsley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1865.
I, ROBERT WALMSLEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR MANGDING AND CAVENDERING," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
An apparatus constructed according to this Invention may consist of a
suitable stationary' metal framework, in which' is' mounted within' suitable
bearings two parallel Horizontal hollow cylinders; one above the other, the upper
cylinder of which is mounted in bearings capable of rising and falling a given.
distance, and may be kept down by an inverted C-spring, weighted lever, or
their mechanical equivalents. In the case of a curved spring being used, the

page_text: pressure may be regulated by a vertical set screw passing through a cross
head, and resting on the apex of the arched spring, the outer ends of which
rest on and act against the vertical sliding block bearings within the stationary
vertical cheeks, the upper ends of which carry the cross head, through which
the pressure regulating screw works. It is preferred also to apply two small
springs to the under side of the sliding block bearings of the upper roller for
the purpose of seperating the two rollers when the set screw acting on the
C-spring is elevated. These two hollow rollers or cylinders, which are of
polished metal, are formed with hollow axles on one or both ends for the
purpose of introducing a heater of hot metal, or by heating the same by
means of gas, lamps, candles, or flame of any description, or the same may be
heated by steam or hot air. When steam or hot air is used, a stationary pipe
or cylinder is carried through the hollow axles of the rollers, and connected
together between the lower and upper rollers by means of a telescope joint,
so as to allow the upper roller to rise and fall. When steam or hot air is
used, a tap or other valve is fitted to the steam or air supply pipe, as the case
may be, to regulate the temperature of the rollers, and the exhaust pipe it is
preferred also to fit with a valve for regulating the pressure.
When lamps,
candles, or gas is. used to heat the rollers, they are so arranged internally as
to admit a sufficient quantity of atmospheric air to insure perfect combustion,
and the lamps, candles, or gas are fixed so as to be stationary within the
rollers, the flame impinging directly against the inner surface of the hollow
rollers. These two heated rollers are coupled together by pinion wheels, into
which works a spur pinion, or motion may be given to the rollers by means
of a toothed wheel keyed on to the hollow or other axle of either of the heated
rollers, into which, for the purpose of increasing the power, may work a pinion
wheel on an horizontal shaft, on the outer end of which may be keyed a
driving pulley or fly wheel, and to which fly wheel, when the apparatus is
worked by hand, may be fitted a crank handle for operating the apparatus.
On each side of the heated rollers is fitted a folding, square, or other paral-
lelogramical frame, each of which is formed by a pair of parallel arms jointed
to the cheeks of the stationary frame on each side of the heated rollers, and
connected together by a transverse rod or rods. These frames are used to
carry endless aprons, which work over rollers, one of which rollers has its
bearing on the outer end of the folding frame, and the other mounted so as to
be brought as nearly into contact with the heated rollers as convenient. These
endless aprons may be driven by means of a spur pinion keyed on to the
axles of the inner rollers on which the endless aprons are stretched, and which

page_text: spur pinions gear into intermediate toothed wheels, gearing into the spur
wheels on the axles of the lower heated roller. The folding frames carrying
the endless aprons (one at the back and the other at the front of the heated
rollers) are jointed to the vertical cheeks of the stationary frame by rule
joints, or by ordinary hinge or pin joints and stops, so that they may be folded
upwards out of the way when not in use, and held by a self-acting catch,
and when in use they can be released from the catch, turned down, and
held in an horizontal or nearly horizontal position. The rollers may be
heated in any convenient way as herein-before described; the articles 10
be mangled or calendered are laid, and where requesite folded on one of the
travelling aprons, which may be termed the feed apron. The machine being
set in motion, they are carried forward and caused to enter between the heated
rollers, when they pass backwards and forwards several times until the articles
operated upon are in a sufficiently finished state to be removed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Walmsley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th April 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
WALMSLEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Robert Walmsley, Her special license that I, the said Robert Walmsley,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Robert Walmsley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MANGLING AND CALENDERING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Robert Walmsley, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
bands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and

page_text: cause the same to be filed in. the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the, said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW, YE, that I, the said, Robert Walmsley, do hereby, declare
the, nature, of my. said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be,
performed, to be particularly described. and ascertained in and by the following:
statement (that is to say),:.
An apparatus constructed according to this, my said Invention may consist
of suitable stationary metal framework, in which is mounted, within, suitable;
bearings, two parallel horizontal hollow cylinders, one above the, other, the
upper cylinder. of which is mounted in bearings capable of raising and falling.
a given distance, and may be kept, down, by, an, inverted C-spring, weighted
lever, or their, mechanical, equivalents. In the case of a curved spring:
being used, I regulate, the pressure, by means of a vertical set screw, which,
passes through a cross, head and rests on, the apex, of the arched, spring, the..
outer ends of which rest on and act against the vertical sliding block bearings
within the stationary vertical cheeks, the upper ends of which carry the cross
head, through which the pressure regulating screw works. I prefer also to
apply two small springs to the under side of the sliding block bearings of
the upper roller, for the purpose of separating the two rollers when the set
screw acting on the C-spring is elevated. These two hollow rollers or
cylinders, which are of polished metal; are formed with hollow axles, on one
or both ends, for the purpose of introducing, a heater of hot metal, or, for
heating the same by means of gas, lamps, candles, or flame of any description,
or, the same may, be heated, by steam or, hot air. When steam or hot, air
used, I carry a stationary, pipe, or cylinder through, the, hollow axles of the
rollers, and, connect, them together between the lower and, upper rollers,
by means of a telescope joint, so as to allow, the, upper, roller to, rise, and
fall. When, steam, or,, hot, air, is used, I fit tap or other valves to the steam,
or air,supply pipe, as the case, may be, to regulate, the,, temperature of, the
rollers,; and the, exhaust pipe I, prefer. also to fit, with a valve for regulating
the pressure. When lamps, candles, or, gas is used to heat the rollers, they
are so arranged internally as to, admit a, sufficient, quantity of, atmospheric,
air to insure, perfect combustion, and the, lamps, candles, or gas I fix so as
to be stationary within the, rollers, the flame impinging directly against the
inner.. surface, of, the hollow rollers. These two heated rollers. I couple,
together, by, pinion, wheels, into, which, works a spur pinion,, or, motion may
be given to the, rollers, by means of a toothed wheel keyed on to the hollow or
other axle of either of the heated rollers, into which, for the purpose of in-

page_text: creasing the power, may work a pinion wheel. on an horizontal shaft, on the.
quter end of which may be. keyed a. driving pulley or fly wheel, and to which
fly, wheel,. when the apparatus is worked. by hand, may be fitted a. crank-
handle for operating the; apparatus.. On each side of the heated: rollers. I
fit a folding, square, or other parallelogramical frame, each of which is formed.
by a pair of paralled arms jointed. to the cheeks of the stationary: frame on
each side of the heated. rollers, and connected together by a transverse rod)
or: rods. These frames. are used to carry. endless. aprons which work over:
rollers, one, of which rollers. has its bearing on the outer end of the folding:
frame, and the other mounted: so as to be brought as nearly into contact.
with, the headed rollers as convenient. These endless: aprons may be driven.
by means of a spur pinion keyed on to: the axles of the inner rollers: on which
the endless aprons, are; stretched, and. which: spur. pinions gear into inter-
mediate: toothed wheels gearing into the spur wheels on the axles of the
lower beated roller. The folding frames: carrying the endless aprons. (one)
at the back and the other at the front.of the. heated rollers): are jointed. to
the vertical cheeks of the stationary: frame by rule joints, or: by: ordinary hinge:
or pin joints and stops,. so that they may, be folded. upwards:out of the way:
when not in use, and held by a self-acting catch turned down and held in an
horizontal or nearly, horizontal position: The rollers. being: heated. in any
convenient way as: herein-before; described, the articles to be mangled or
calendered' are laid out. and: where, requisite folded on one of the travelling
aprons, which. I term the feed.apron; the machine being: set in motion they
are carried forward and caused to enter between the heated! rollers, when
they pass backwards: and forwards: several times until the articles' operated
upon are in a sufficiently finished: state to be removed.
:
That this my said. Invention. may be the more readily seen and understood
I, have hereunto. annexed. Drawings of so.much of: two modifications of my
improved: apparatus as will 'ba necessary to illustrate the practical application.
of the Invention, like letters and figures marked thereon being used to denote
similar.parts.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of: an apparatus constructed according to this
my said Invention, in which the pressing rollers are heated by metal heaters;
and Figure 2 is a front elevation of the same with the frame and endless' apron
removed. Figure 3 is. an enlarged vertical sectional elevation of the pressing
rollers, and so much of the. franie as is necessary to shew the means I use for:
heating the rollers: by steam or hot.air:
A, framework, which in this arrangement is constructed so as to stand-upon-

page_text: an ordinary laundry table; B, the upper pressing roller; C, the lower heated
roller, which in Figures 1 and 2 are heated by D and D', metal beaters;'
E, toothed pinion on the axle of the lower pressing roller, which gears into F,
a spur pinion on the axle of the lower pressing roller; G, a spur wheel, which
gears into H, a toothed pinion on the axle of J, fly wheel, to which is fitted
K, a crank handle for actuating the same by hand. (a) an inverted C-spring,
the ends of which rest upon the tops of the sliding blocks W, and the pressure
of which is regulated by the wheel and screw b; d, a small inverted C-spring
at each end of the upper roller, and which is connected to the sliding block.
by a bolt; the object of these springs is to raise the pressing roller from the
lower one when the pressure of the spring a is taken off the sliding blocks.
L and L', folding frames, which carry endless aprons working over M, trans-
verse horizontal rollers. The axles of the inner rollers are each provided with.
a spur pinion gearing into intermediate toothed wheels which are driven from
the toothed wheel on the axle of the lower roller. N, a steam or air pipe,
which passes through the lower roller, and which is provided with P and P₁,.
stuffing boxes, through which work the ends of Q, the steam or air pipe, which
passes through the pressing roller B, and has its junction with R, a vertical
pipe, the head of which is fitted with S, a safety valve, to allow the escape
extra pressure, and which can be regulated by means of T, the safety valve
lever, and U, a sliding weight; V, exhaust pipe; W, sliding block bearings
of the pressing roller, to the sides of which are screwed X and X', hanging
supports for the pipe; Y and Y', brackets attached to the stationary frame for
supporting the lower steam pipe N.
of
It will be observed that the hollow rollers shewn in section at Figure 3 are
internally of larger diameter than the tubes passing therethrough, but in some
cases I prefer to enlarge the pipe or tube passing through the rollers so as to
nearly or entirely fill the cavities in the rollers. To introduce the enlarged
portion of the pipe I construct the rollers at one or both ends so that the ends
thereof may be removed by forming them with a screwed or other convenient
joint by brazing or otherwise, as will be well understood. It will be observed
that the rollers revolve independent of the steam or air pipes.
.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention, and how I believe the same may be best carried into effect, I wish
it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the relative proportions or
dimensions of the various parts herein-before described and set forth; nor do
I claim any part of the apparatus when taken separately, but what I claim is,
the general arrangements, form, and combination of the various parts of the

page_text: apparatus when taken collectively, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before described and set forth; and, lastly, the peculiar mode
of heating the rollers, substantially in the manner and for the purposes berein-
before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Walmsley, have hereunto set my
hand and affixed my seal, this Seventh day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
ROBERT (L.s.) WALMSLEY.