Improvements in the Manufacture of Flexible Tubes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Feb., 1894-Accepted, 17th Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Flexible Tubes.
I, GEORGE HOOKHAM, of Nos. 7 and 8 New Bartholomew Street Birmingham
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :—
My invention consists in providing tubes such as hose-pipes with a metallic
armour, which shall be stiff enough to prevent "kinking" of the hose, but yet
shall be flexible in every direction. According to one method of carrying out my
invention I wind on the outside of the canvass, with which india-rubber hose is
strengthened, a close binding of fine wire made into an open helix. This is done
before the rubber is "cooked." If the canvass is covered with the dough (or
uncooked rubber) the wire binding is caused to sink into it, or instead, or in
addition, the open spaces of the wire helix are filled with india-rubber solution so
that only the tops of the ridges are left bare. The manufacture is then submitted
to the cooking process. Such a tube will not be injured by accidental compression,
but will be easily restored to its proper shape. The wire helix may have a core
of wire or twine. The helix may be replaced by a corrugated wire, preferably of a
flat section. According to another method I wind the hose with canvass or tape
which is studded with metal studs, or clipped with metal clips, but so that the
canvass or tape, where it is not covered with metal, adheres to the tube when the
rubber is cooked; or I may wind the tube with metal in the form of a chain. I
may supplement the stiffness of the flexible armour with a loose internal helix of
wire, which may be of galvanized iron, and about two thirds of the internal diameter
of the tube, passed down the interior of the tube.
Dated this lat day of May 1893.
GEORGE HOOKHAM.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Flexible Tubes.
I, GEORGE HOOKHAм, of Nos. 7 and 8 New Bartholomew Street, Birmingham,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-.
My invention consists in providing tubes such as hose-pipes with a metallic
armour, which shall be stiff enough to prevent "kinking" of the hose, but yet
shall be flexible in
every direction.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings:-
Figure 1 shows on an enlarged scale a wire helix such as I use for binding on a
tube.
Figure 2 is a helix similar to Figure 1 but having a central core of twine or
wire.
Figure 3 shows part in longitudinal section part elevation of a tube bound with
a wire helix which may, or may not have within it a core of twine.
Figure 4 is a transverse section corresponding to Figure 3.
In Figures 3 and 4 the wire helix is shown on a larger scale relative to the
diameter of the hose than I use in practice, but this is necessary in order to show
the helices clearly.

page_text: Figure 5 shows a corrugated wire spring (enlarged scale) suitable for binding on
a tube.
Figure 6 shows a tube bound with corrugated wire.
Figure 7 shows a tape covered with metallic clips suitable for tube armour.
Figure 8 shows on a larger scale than Figure 7 an end view of a clip in place on
the tape.
Figure 84, shows the metallic plates riveted to the tape.
Figure 9 shows in part section, part elevation, a tube wound with the metal
covered tape.
Figure 10 is an end section corresponding to Figure 9.
According to one method of carrying out my invention I wind on the outside of
the canvas with which india-rubber hose is strengthened, a close binding of fine
wire made into an open helix. This is done before the rubber is "cooked." If
the canvas is covered with the dough (or uncooked rubber) the wire binding is
caused to sink into it, or instead, or in addition the open spaces of the wire helix
are filled with india-rubber solution, so that only the tops of the ridges are left bare.
The manufacture is then submitted to the cooking process. Such a tube will not
be injured by accidental compression, but will be easily restored to its proper shape.
The wire helix may have a core of wire or twine.
The wire helix A Figure I may be wound on the tube but I prefer to wind on
the said helix A, as shown in Figure 2 having the twine or wire core B. At
Figures 3 and 4 a tube so wound is shown, but the helix A, is of larger diameter
in proportion to the tube or hose diameter; the object of drawing it out of
proportion, is to show clearly the nature of the helical winding. B is the core
within the helix; C is the layer of uncooked rubber, and D is the inner tube of the
hose. The helix A may be wound on the layer of uncooked rubber so as to sink
into it and rubber or rubber solution may be applied to make up the hollows if
desired to more completely embed the helical winding in the rubber, the object
being in both cases to produce a tube in which the said helical winding is firmly
united to rubber of the said tube after cooking.
A flattened helix may be formed by winding wire or metallic strip on a flat core
such as tape, and the said flat helix with its core may then be wound on the tube,
or a flattened helix may be wound on the tube without a core.
The helix A may be replaced by a corrugated or zig-zag wire as E Figure 5,
preferably of a flat section, and a tube so wound will present the appearance shown
at Figure 6.
According to another method I wind the hose with canvas, or tape clipped
with metal clips, but so arrange that the canvas or tape, where it is not covered
with metal, adheres to the tube when the rubber is cooked. The tape F Figure 7
is shown as carrying metal clips as G, and the clip G is shown on a larger scale at
Figure 8 with its tape F within it. Instead of clips, metal plates may be riveted
to the tape F which may be of circular or other configuration. Circular plates or
studs as G Figure 84, may also be riveted to the tape.
The tape so furnished with clips, plates or studs is wound on the tube as indicated
at Figures 9 and 10 where F is the tape, G are the plates or clips, C is the layer
of uncooked rubber, to be cooked after winding so as to cause the tape to firmly
adhere to the rubber. D is the inner tube.
I may wind the tube with metal in the form of a chain.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim 18:-
1. Winding flexible tubes such as, canvas or rubber hose pipes with a metallic
protecting helix, consisting of wire first coiled to itself form a helix with or without
a core substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
2. Winding flexible tubes such as canvas or rubber hose pipes with a metallic
protecting helix, consisting of wire first coiled to form a helix with or without a

page_text: core; the said helix being wound upon a layer of uncooked rubber so as to sink
into it in order to firmly unite with the said rubber when the tube is cooked or
uniting the helix to the rubber layer by rubber solution or making up the hollows
with rubber solution, in such manner as to produce a protected tube with the wire
helix firmly embedded in the rubber, so as to form part of the tube, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
3. Winding flexible tubes as canvas or rubber hose pipes as claimed in Claims 1
and 2; but using instead of the wire helix a zig zag wire as E, or a tape as F,.
with metallic clips, plates or studs as G, or a chain, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
4. The protected tubes or hose hereinbefore described and as illustrated in the
drawings.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
and 13, Temple Street, Birmingham,
Agents for the Applicant.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
and 13, Temple Street, Birmingham,
Agents for the Applicant.