IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES A communi
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Imray of No 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane in the County of Middlesex for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES A communi-
cation from abroad by Alphonse Morel of Paris France
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Imray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th May 1882.
"
JOHN IMRAY of No 28 Southampton, Buildings Chancery Lane, in the county
of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING RAILWAY AND OTHER
CARRIAGES [A communication from abroad by Alphonse Morel of Paris France.]
This Invention relates to apparatus for heating railway and other carriages by
the circulation of hot water heated by a fire external to the carriage. The heaters
employed in the carriage consist of five flat plates rivetted, brazed or soldered
together, the upper and lower plates forming the top and bottom of the heater, the
middle plate forming a partition and the second and fourth plates having holes cut
through them forming chambers for the hot water, these chambers being so arranged
that the hot water ascends to the upper chambers spreads out in them and descends
to the lower chambers, thus exposing a large heating surface with a small quantity
The chambers are connected by quadruple pipes with the double casing
of a fire box below the vehicle. The products of combustion ascend the central
pipe, and passing through lateral holes near the heater descend the outer annular
space of the pipes, finally escaping at the mouth of this space at the fire box. The
hot water ascends from the inner water space of the fire box casing along the inner
annular space of the pipes to the heater in the vehicle and descends from the
heater by the next annular space of the pipes to the outer water space of the fire
box casing at the bottom of which it passes into the inner water space the circuit
for the water circulation being thus completed. Expansion vessels containing a
supply of water to make up for loss by leakage or evaporation are situated above
the level of the heaters, conveniently under the seats of the vehicle, and are con-
nected to the heaters by pipes of non-conducting material. The outside of the fire
of water.

page_text: box is covered with non-conducting material to prevent loss of heat by radiation.
At each side of the fire box is a fire door which can be opened by a handle on a
transverse spindle; this handle presenting itself at the outside of the vehicle; the
opening of the door at the same time lowers the bottom of the ashpit which is
made with a double slope so that the ashes and cinders fall from it when it
descends below the fire box. The fuel is fed on to a trough extending laterally
from the fire door, so that when the door is opened the fuel laid on the trough can
be pushed into the interior of the fire box. For small vehicles such as carriages
for hire or for private use the apparatus is made in a simpler form, the fire box
being placed immediately inder the heater with its double casing directly con-
nected to the heater without any intermediate connecting pipes. For the purpose
of regulating the heat, the passage for the products of combustion is provided with
a ventilator valve which is connected to a helical band of two metals having
different degrees of expansion, so that as the temperature varies the helical band
causes the ventilator valve to turn more or less round opening or closing more or
less the passages which it governs. A second ventilator valve may be applied to
the same passages, this latter valve being set by hand to the desired adjustment.
The setting of this valve may be conveniently effected by means of a spindle with
⚫worm engaging teeth on the periphery of the valve.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Imray in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th November
1882.
JOHN IMRAY, of No 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING RAILWAY AND OTHER
CARRIAGES A communication from abroad by Alphonse Morel of Paris in the
Republic of France.
This invention relates to apparatus for heating railway and other carriages by
the circulation of hot water heated by a fire external to the carriage. The heaters
employed in the carriage consist of five flat plates rivetted brazed or soldered
together, the upper and lower plates forming the top and bottom of the heater, the
middle plate forming a partition and the second and fourth plates having holes
cut through them forming chambers for the hot water, these chambers being so
arranged that the hot water ascends to the upper chambers, spreads out in them
and descends to the lower chambers, thus exposing a large heating surface with a
small quantity of water. The chambers are connected by quadruple pipes with
the double casing of a fire box below the vehicle. The products of combustion
ascend the central pipe and passing through lateral holes near the heater descend
the outer annular space of the pipes, finally escaping at the mouth of this space at
the fire-box. The hot water ascends from the inner water-space of the fire-box
casing along the inner annular space of the pipes to the heater in the vehicle and
descends from the heater by the next annular space of the pipes to the outer water
space of the fire-box casing at the bottom of which it passes into the inner water
space, the circuit for the water circulation being thus completed. Expansion vessels
containing a supply of water to make up for loss by leakage or evaporation are
situated above the level of the heaters, conveniently under the seats of the vehicle,
and are connected to the heaters by pipes of non-conducting material. The outside
of the fire-box is covered with non conducting material to prevent loss of heat by
radiation. For small vehicles such as carriages for hire or for private use the
apparatus is made in a simpler form, the fire-box being placed immediately under
the heater with its double casing directly connected to the heater without any
intermediate connecting pipes. For the purpose of regulating the heat the passage
for the products of combustion is provided with a ventilator valve which is con-
nected to a helical band of two metals having different degrees of expansion so
that as the temperature varies the helical band causes the ventilator valve to turu
more or less round, opening or closing more or less the passages which it governs.
A second ventilator valve may be applied to the same passages, this latter valve
being set by hand to the desired adjustment. The setting of this valve may be
conveniently effected by means of a spindle with a worn engaging teeth on the
periphery of the valve

page_text: The heater C consists of fine plates secured together with the jointings all made
tight against leakage, and with spaces cut out of the inner plates so as to form
internal cavities and passages for the water circulation. Thus the heated water
ascends into the upper cavities a a¹ a³, and the cooler water descends from the
lower cavities b.
:
The junction of the heater to the water conduit from the stove is shown at
fig 5, where they are seen separated. When the tube 1 of the stove head is slid
into the tubular socket 1 of the heater, the flanges 3 and 3' are secured together
by screws Under the seats or in any other convenient part of of the carriage are
situated reservoirs K which communicate by branches o' and pipes o with the
outer water space of the stove as shewn at Fig: 6. These reservoirs which have
capacity to contain several times the quantity of water in the stove and heaters
keep them supplied in case of leakage or evaporation and allow for expansion
and contraction of their contents. For heating smaller vehicles, omnibus or tram-
way cars or carriages, the apparatus is modified as shewn in transverse section at
fig: 7 and longitudinal section, Fig: 8. In this case the stove B is supplied with
a block of charcoal which is kept in by closing the bottom spring door p. The
products of combustion issue by the lateral holes r. For regulating the temperature
a regulator M is applied to each heater, the construction of which is shewn to an
enlarged scale in side view at Fig: 9 in vertical section at Fig: 10 and in plan at
Fig 11. It consists of two discs M M' with radial holes t one of which discs M'
is mounted to turn round the axis x like a ventilator valve over the other disc M,
which forms the top of a socket S that is inserted in the tubular head B of the
stove. A circular band V of two metals having different expansibilities is fixed
at one end to the disc M and at the other end to the socket S.
The hot gases passing through the holes in M and M' and descending past the
band V, according as they heat it more or less cause it to close more or less the
passages through M and M¹. There may also be a third disc M2 which can be
adjusted by hand from without as indicated in Fig: 5. The fires in the stoves
may be lighted by electricity, each grate, each grate being provided with a platinum
wire that can be rendered incandescent by a current of electricity.
Having thus described the nature of the said invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent,
I claim -
First. The herein described method of heating railway and other carriages by
the circulation of a small quantity of water heated by an external stove
and caused to extend over a large conducting surface within the carriage
or compartment.
Second-The herein described construction of carriage heater by the junction of
five plates presenting cavities and circulating passages.
Third:-The herein described construction of stove with passages for the water
circulation.
Fourth-The method herein described of joining the stove to the heater so as to
maintain the continuity of the insulating passages
Fifth The herein described heat regulating apparatus.
1-
In Witness whereof, I the said John Imray have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Fifteenth day of November in the year of our Lord, one Thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.
JOHN IMRAY
(L.S.)