Improvements in Water Motors.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in Water Motors.
I, JAMES KEITH, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., of 27, Farringdon Avenue, in the City
of London, Gas, Hydraulic, Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows;
This invention which relates to water motors of the kind described in the
Specification of my Patent No. 23640 of 1893 has for its object to improve the
construction and simplify the operation of the main and auxiliary valves which
control the admission and exhaust of the pressure fluid to and from the motor
cylinder.
According to the present invention the main valve is made up of three tubular
sections which are screwed together and are formed with flanges where they are
joined, between which Hanges leather or other rings are gripped to form four
pistons closely fitting the valve casing and two of which are adapted to cover
and uncover the main ports of the motor cylinder upon reciprocation of the valve.
One end of the main valve which is open is made tubular and is divided trans-
versely by a web and this end is of smaller diameter than the opposite end, the
smaller end being placed constantly in communication with the pressure water
by means of orifices communicating with this portion of the tubular valve and
the pressure space. The space between the two inner or port covering and un-
covering pistons is always open to pressure water and the space between these
pistons and the outer pistons is constantly open to the exhaust. A valve casing
in which an auxiliary valve works is bolted on to the main valve chamber at
the large end of the main valve and this valve casing is connected to the pressure
and exhaust spaces in the main valve chamber by pressure and
haust ports. The auxiliary valve is fixed to a rod in such
ex-
a manner as
to allow free passage of water between the rod and the valve and it is worked
by tappets from the main piston rod, the valve rod extending beyond the auxiliary
valve to engage with the main valve and positively move it so as to cut off after
the auxiliary valve has been placed in such a position as to allow of this.
The action of the valve is as follows:-The pressure water finds its way through
the orifices in the tubular main valve to the smaller end and acts thereon to
move the piston so as to uncover the port in the motor cylinder to the pressure
water which thereupon moves forward the auxiliary valve, the latter having
till then uncovered the exhaust port. The auxiliary valve is then actuated to
uncover the pressure port in the auxiliary valve casing and permit the pressure
water to pass between the auxiliary valve and its rod and act upon the large end
of the main valve. The main valve is thus moved back and uncovers the port
in the opposite end of the motor cylinder to pressure water at the same time
opening to exhaust the end which was previously in communication with the
pressure water. The main valve is again in a position to be moved by the pres-
sure water acting on the small end and if this valve does not move quickly

page_text: enough to reverse the motor piston it is moved positively by the inner end of the
auxiliary valve rod which engages the main valve until the main valve is moved
by the action of the pressure water.
Dated this 3rd day of September 1897.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather,
Chartered Patent Agents,
St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applican
Improvements in water Motors.
I, JAMES KEITH, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., of 27, Farringdon Avenue, in the City
of London, Gas, Hydraulic, Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention which relates to water motors of the kind described in the
Specification of my Patent No. 23640 of 1893 has for its object to improve the
construction and simplify the operation of the main and auxiliary valves which
control the admission and exhaust of the pressure fluid to and from the motor
cylinder.
The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 being a
vertical section of the improved water motor and Figure 2 a horizontal section on
the linear, Figure 1, of part of the valve casing.
According to the present invention the main valve A is made up of three
tubular sections which are screwed together and are formed with flanges where
they are joined, between which flanges leather or other rings B are gripped to
form four pistons A1, A2, A3, A4, closely fitting the valve casing B1 and two of
which, viz., the pistons A2, A3, are adapted to cover and uncover the main
ports C, D, of the motor cylinder E upon reciprocation of the valve A. The main
valve A is made tubular at A5, A8, and is divided transversely by a web AⓇ, the
end A being of smaller diameter than the opposite end A. The smaller end A¹
is constantly in communication with the pressure water by means of orifices A
communicating with this portion of the tubular valve and the pressure space F
which in turn communicates with the inlet F¹. The pressure space F which is
situated between the two inner or port covering and uncovering pistons A³, A³,
is always open to pressure water and the space between these pistons and the
outer pistons A², A4, is constantly open by way of the spaces H¹ to the exhaust
outlet H. A valve casing G in which an auxiliary valve G¹ works is bolted on to
the main valve chamber B¹ at the large end A of the main valve A and this
valve casing G is connected to the pressure space F and the exhaust space H¹ in
the main valve chamber B₁ by pressure and exhaust ports G³, G³. The auxiliary
valve G is fixed to a rod I in such a manner as to allow free passage of water
at I¹ between the rod and the valve G and it is worked by tappets from the main
piston rod J in the manner described in the Specification of Letters Patent
No. 6131 of 1897 granted to me, the valve rod I extending inwards beyond the
auxiliary valve G¹ and being provided with a collar I to engage with the main
valve A and positively move it so as to cut off after the auxiliary valve G¹ has
been placed in such a position as to allow of this.
The pressure and exhaust ports of the auxiliary valve casing G are provided
with throttling pins for cushioning the main valve in order to prevent shock by
too sudden reversal of the motor.

page_text: The action of the valve is as follows, the motor piston being shown as at the
end of its stroke and immediately after it has acted on the auxiliary valve A
to traverse it in order by means of the main valve to put the motor port formerly
in connection with the exhaust into communication with the pressure water,
so that the stroke of the piston may be reversed. The pressure water is at this
position of the main and auxiliary valves, acting on the inner end of the motor
piston J and on the large end A of the main valve A so that this valve A has
uncovered the port C to exhaust and the port D to pressure. The motor piston
now travels outwards and at the proper time causes the tappets before referred
to, to act upon the auxiliary valve G¹ and move said valve so as to uncover the
exhaust G3 and cover the pressure port G2, whereupon the pressure water which
constantly finds its way through the orifices A' in the tubular portion A³ of the
valve A to the smaller end A now acts to move the main valve A so as to un-
cover the port C in the motor cylinder E to the pressure water and the port D
to the exhaust, the motor being thereby reversed. The auxiliary valve G which
at the time of the reversal of the motor covers the pressure port G2 in the auxiliary
valve casing G and permits the exhaust water to pass to the outlet H by way of
the exhaust port G³ is again, at the end of the next stroke of the motor piston,
acted upon by the tappets to cover the exhaust and admit the pressure water to
the large end of the main valve whereby reversal of the motor is again effected.
If when the main valve is in a position to be moved by the pressure water acting
on either end it does not respond to the water pressure quickly enough to reverse
the motor piston J¹ it is moved positively by the inner end Is of the auxiliary
valve rod I, which engages the main valve A, until the main valve covers the
ports leading to either end of the cylinder, the main valve being thereafter
moved by the action of the pressure water.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:―
1. A water motor having valve gear constructed and arranged to operate sub-
stantially as described.
2. In a water motor the combination of a main piston valve made up of tubular
sections and having a transverse web dividing the valve into two portions, and
an auxiliary valve constructed as described and actuated from the motor piston
to control the admission and exhaust at the larger end of the main valve, the
auxiliary valve being also adapted to engage with and positively move the main
valve, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Deted this 3rd day of June 1898
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather,
Chartered Patent Agents,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.