CERTAIN IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR KNEADING DOUGH IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hodgkinson, of Atherton, in the County of
Lancaster, Baker, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVED MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR KNEADING DOUGH IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD."
Sealed the 30th November 1858, and dated the 5th July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hodgkinson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th July 1858.
I, JOHN HODGKINSON, of Atherton, in the County of Lancaster, Baker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVED
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR KNEADING DOUGH IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BREAD," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of kneading dough by mechanical
means, whereby the ingredients forming the dough become more thoroughly
incorporated or mixed, and in a much shorter time than when performed by
hand.
The improvement consists in providing each end of the kneading.
trough with one or more pair of crooked or bent arms or blades secured upon
a short central shaft, only passing through the ends of the trough sufficiently
to support the arms inside the trough; the shafts and arms are caused to
rotate in opposite direction by spur gearing or otherwise, actuated either by
Price Gd 1

page_text: steam or hand power, so as to cause the arms to twist and turn over the
dough in a similar manner as when kneaded by hand, the operation being
performed quicker than by hand,.and the quality of the bread is thereby much
improved. This apparatus may also be employed for reducing or cutting up
the potatoes used in the manufacture of a certain class of bread by employing
knives instead of the crooked arms.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Hodgkinson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HODGKINSON, of Atherton, in the County of Lancaster, Baker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Hodgkinson, Her special license that I, the said John Hodgkinson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Hodgkinson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR KNEADING DOUGH IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD," upon
the condition, amongst others, that I, the said John Hodgkinson, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Hodgkinson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):
My Invention is designed for the purpose of kneading dough by mechanical
means, whereby the ingredients forming the dough become more thoroughly

page_text: incorporated or mixed, and in a much shorter time than when performed by
hand. The improvement consists in providing each end of the kneading
trough with one or more pair of crooked or bent arms or blades, each secured
upon a short central stud or shaft, only passing through the ends of the trough
sufficiently to support the arms inside the trough; these shafts and arms are
caused to rotate in opposite directions by spur gearing or otherwise, actuated
either by steam or hand power, so as to cause the arms to twist and turn over
the dough in a similar manner as when kneaded by hand, the operation being
performed quicker than by hand, and the quality of the bread is thereby much
improved. This apparatus may also be employed for reducing or cutting up
the potatoes used in the manufacture of a certain class of bread by employing
knives instead of the crooked arms. "
In order that my Invention may be better understood and more readily
explained I have attached to these Presents a Sheet of Drawings illustrative of
the same, having marked similar letters of reference upon corresponding parts
of the apparatus. The Drawing is made about one-fourth the size of a
machine as ordinarily required, but the size or dimensions of the machine may
be varied so as to be capable of operating upon a much larger or smaller
quantity of dough. Figure 1 is a sectional elevation taken vertically through
about the middle of the machine, and Fig. 2 is a plan or horizontal view of
the same as seen from above.
a, a, are the side standards or framing of the machine; b, b, one set of the
beaters or arms mounted upon the short shaft or stud c, c; and d, d, the other
set of arms or beaters mounted upon the short shaft or stud e, e, both turning
in their respective bearings ff, and g, g, and caused to revolve as required in
opposite directions by the arrangement of spur gearing h, h, and i, i, actuated
by the winch handle k, (or if driven by power by a strap pulley placed upon
the same shaft; a detached view of the arms or beaters is shewn in plan and
edge view in Fig. 3. The operation is as follows:-The flour, water, and
yeast for the dough is to be fed by any convenient means into the trough or
receiver 1, 1, when the rotary motion of the bent arms or levers proceeding in
opposite directions will most effectually and thoroughly mix the ingredients,
and knead the dough in a few minutes (dependent upon the quantity), and
when the required operation is completed the loose bottom m of the trough
may be opened, by shifting the lever handle n, and the kneaded dough will
fall into receivers below for removal. I would remark that I prefer the trough
to be made of zinc, and the arms and beaters of plain sheet iron not painted
or otherwise coated.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that what
I claim as my Invention is, the novel and peculiar arrangement and con-
struction of apparatus or machinery for kneading dough in the manufacture
of bread, as herein fully set forth and described, and fully exhibited in the
Drawing attached and referred to.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hodgkinson, bave hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
JOHN HODGKINSON. (L.S.)