IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES SUITABLE FOR LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Green, of Birmingham, for the Invention
of." IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES SUITABLE FOR LOCOMOTIVE
AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS."
Sealed the 13th January 1860, and dated the 8th November 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Green at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th November 1859.
I, CHARLES GREEN, of Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES SUITABLE FOR.
LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of tubes
suitable for locomotive and other steam boilers. It has heretofore been pro-
posed to manufacture tubes with corrugated and other indented surfaces.
Now tubes made according to my Invention are each formed with transverse
depressions at intervals, which, by preference, shall not pass all round, or if all
round, then that the depth of one part of a depression shall be greater than
other parts; and in constructing such depressions, I use a mandril, divided
longitudinally into several parts, which when correctly together will fit or
nearly. fit the interior of the tube for a short part of its length. Around part
of the surface of such mandril a groove is formed in a direction transversly of
the central axis of the tube and of the mandril, such groove corresponding with

page_text: the depressions desired to be made in the tube, and into this groove the metal
of the tube is to be depressed. The mandril is then to be moved into the part
of the tube next to be operated on, which may readily be done by reason of
the mandril being made of several parts; and when the parts of the mandril
have been again brought together so as to fill or nearly to fill the interior of the
tube the next depression is then to be made, and so on till all the depressions
have been made in a tube.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Green in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th
May 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
GREEN, of Birmingham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Charles Green, Her special licence that I, the said
Charles Green, my executors, aduinistrators and assigns, and such others
as I, the said Charles Green, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES SUITABLE FOR LOCOMOTIVE AND
OTHER STEAM BOILERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Charles Green, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my; or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar. months next and immediately after the date.
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Green, do hereby declare,
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of tubes

page_text: suitable for locomotive and other steam boilers. It has heretofore been pro-
posed to manufacture tubes with corrugated and other indented surfaces. Now
tubes made according to my Invention are each formed with transverse de-
pressions at intervals, which, by preference, shall not pass all round, or if all
round, then that the depth of one part of a depression shall be greater than
other parts; and in constructing such depressions I use a mandril divided
longitudinally into several parts, which, when correctly together, will fit or
nearly fit the interior of the tube for a short part of its length. Around part
of the surface of such mandril a groove is formed in a direction transversely of
the central axis of the tube and of the mandril, such groove corresponding with
the depressions desired to be made in the tube, and into this groove the metal
of the tube is to be depressed. The mandril is then to be moved into the part
of the tube next to be operated on, which may readily be done by reason of the
mandril being made of several parts; and when the parts of the mandril have
been again brought together so as to fill or nearly to fill the interior of the
tube, the next depression is then to be made, and so on, till all the depressions
have been made in a tube.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section; and Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5,
transverse sections of the form of tube which I prefer; at the same time I
would remark, the deepest parts of the depressions formed in a tube may be all
on one side of the tube, or the deepest parts of such depressions may be alter-
nate, and be formed first on one side, then on the other; but in all cases the
transverse depressions are to be graduated off so as to depress one part more
than another; and I prefer that the transverse depressions should not pass all
the way round, but if the depressions are so formed to pass all the way 'round
a tube, then it is essential to my Invention that each depression shall be deeper
at one part than at another. And I prefer in making the depressions that the
reduced section of the tube, where a depression is made, shall be circular, or
nearly so, as is represented in the several transverse sections shewn by the
Drawing. And I also prefer that these transverse depressions should be at
right angles, or nearly so, to the length of the tube. In making these trans-
verse depressions I employ suitable mandrils and tools, such as are represented
in the Drawing.
Figure 6 shews a longitudinal section; Figure 7, a side view; and Figures
8 and 9, two transverse sections of a mandril composed of several parts, capable

page_text: of sliding longitudinally, and so to separate one from the other as to allow of
the mandril, after a depression has been made in part of a tube, to be moved
to another part of the tube, and there to have the several parts of the mandril:
again combined, in order that another depression may be made in the tube.
It is preferred that the mandril should be composed of five parts A, B, C, D,
and E, in such manner that one of them not having any part of the depression
formed in it, may be moved away when a depression has been produced in the
tube, and thus allow of the other four which have parts of the depression
formed in them to drop in towards the centre of the tube, and thus leave them
free to be moved longitudinally within the tube. The part E of the mandril
which has no part of the depression in it is fixed on the central bar or rod F
by screws or otherwise, and at one end of each of the parts A, B, C, D, there
is a screw tapped into them to receive a rod G, by which such parts can be
moved. On the rod F is fixed a short tube H, which receives the projecting
ends a, b, c, d, of the part A, B, C, D, of the mandril. The rod F extends to
such a length at one end of the part E of the mandril as is requisite for the.
longest tube which is to have depressions made therein, and the rod F extends.
to some length beyond the other end of the part F; but the rods G are only
used at one end of each of the parts A, B, C, D, of the mandril, and they are
to be of a length to suit them for the length of tube within which the mandril
is to be used. I is a tube, which passes over the rod F at one end, and the
tube I carries a short tube J, which, like the tube H, is to receive the ends
a¹, b, c, d, of the parts A, B, C, D, of the mandril. By these means the rod F
with its part E of the mandril may be withdrawn, so as to allow the parts
A, B, C, D, to come closer to the centre, and then the pointed end of the rod F
may, when the several parts of the mandril have been moved a distance, be
again introduced into position, so as to bring the mandril into the proper state
of combination to admit of another depression being made in the tube. The
part of a tube which is about to have a depression formed therein is placed in
a bed die having a half-round groove formed therein, corresponding with
the diameter of the tube in which the transverse depressions are to be
made.
Figure 10 shews a plan; Figure 11, a side elevation; Figure 12, an end
view; Figure 13, a transverse section; and Figure 14, part of a longitudinal
section of such bed die. The tube being placed in this hollow die in such
manner as to bring the part of the tube where a depression is to be made
therein opposite the raised parts K, K, as is shewn at Figures 13 and 14. The
tool L is then moved, and repeated blows are to be given to this tool, in order
gradually to produce the desired depression, the tube and mandril thereon being

page_text: turned partly round after each blow, so that the depression may be produced.
according to the mandril within. The tool L may be acted on by a hand
hammer, or otherwise. Or, in place of employing the hollow-bed die above
described, a complete hollow die may be used, which surrounds and fits the
tube all round for some distance on either side, where the depression is to be
produced in a tube placed within such die.
Figure 15 shews a longitudinal section; Figure 16, a plan; and Figure 17,
a transverse section of a die of this form, having portions at M cut away to
admit of the passage of the tool N to act on the tube within the die; and such
tool N may be acted on by a hand hammer, or such tool, as is the case with the
tool L, may be acted on by a hammer actuated by machinery. The tube,
which is to have a depression made thereon, is to be introduced through the
die, till the part where the depression is to be made comes to the part M of
the die, and then by repeated blows on the tool N (the tube being slightly.
turned from time to time), the desired impression is to be produced; and where
a mandril such as above described is used, the depression will correspond with
that in the mandril; but the use of the mandril may be dispensed with, and
the depression made without any internal support when using this die.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is,-
The manufacture of tubes (suitable for locomotive and other steam boilers),
by forming transverse depressions therein, such depressions being deeper at
one part than at other parts, whether they pass all round or for the most part
all round, as above described.
And, secondly, I claim the combination of parts into a mandril, such as above
described, to be used in the formation of transverse depressions in tubes for
locomotive and other steam boilers.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Green, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
CHARLES GREEN. (L.B.)