or Lining Boilers or other Vessels or for other Purposes.
Year: 1884

page_text: or Lining Boilers or other Vessels, or for other Purposes.
We, ISAAC SHIMWELL M°DOUGALL and JAMES THOMAS MCDOUGALL both of
Irk Vale Chadderton near Manchester in the County of Lancaster Manufacturing
Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
FOR STRENGTHENING LEAD TO BE USED IN MAKING OR LINING BOILERS OR
OTHER VESSELS OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the strengthening of lead in such a manner as
to make it more durable when used for making or lining boilers or other Vessels or
for other purposes in which it is desired that lead shall be strengthened.
This strengthening is effected according to this Invention by the use of a
strengthening material formed of metallic strips or wires preferably interwoven in
the form of what is called wire-cloth, sieving, or wirework, or its equivalent, and of
a stronger character than lead, the said strengthening metal being embedded in the
lead by pressure or hammering or by casting the lead around or over it.
If preferable, the metallic strengthening medium may be beaten or pressed into
one or both sides of the lead or it may be inserted between the lead in one or more
layers or both combined. If pressed into the side of the lead the strengthening
material may if desired be coated with lead.
A good effect may be obtained by using Indiarubber placed on one side of the
surface of the lead or inserted between two or more layers of lead.
The India-rubber may be in sheets or other suitable form and may be dissolved
and used as a liquid or paste.
Where these Improvements are applied to the lining of boilers or veasels
employed in the treatment of fibrous materials for the manufacture of paper pulp
or for other purposes they may be used in conjunction with the Improvements
described in the Specification of Letters Patent N° 3257 granted to one of us,
videlicet Isaac Shimwell McDougall as of the 30th June 1883.

page_text: or Lining Boilers or other Vessels, or for other Purposes.
We ISAAC SHIMWELL M°DOUGALL, and JAMES THOMAS MCDOUGALL, both of
Irk Vale, Chadderton, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of this invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
FOR STRENGTHENING LEAD TO BE USED IN MAKING OR LINING BOILERS OR
OTHER VESSELS OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES" and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This Invention has for its object the strengthening of lead in such a manner as
to make it more durable when used for making or lining Boilers or other Vessels
or for other purposes in which it is desired that lead shall be strengthened.
This strengthening is effected according to this Invention by the use of a
strengthening metal or material of a stronger character than lead and formed of
strips or wires interwoven or crossing each other in the form for example of what
is known as wire cloth-sieving, or wire work, or in the form of lattice work or any
equivalent of the same, the said strengthening material being imbedded in the
lead in any convenient manner such as by means of pressure or by hammering or
by casting the lead around or over it If preferable the said strengthening material
may be beaten or pressed into one or both sides of the lead or it may be inserted
between the lead in one or more layers or both combined-If pressed into the sido
of the lead the strengthening material may if desired be first coated with lead.
And in order that our said Invention may be thoroughly understood we will
now describe ways in which it may be carried into practical effect but we wish it
to be understood that we do not confine ourselves to these precise ways as the
same may be varied without departing from the nature of our said Invention as
hereinbefore stated.
In the following description we will refer to the hereinbefore mentioned
interlaced woven or crossed strips or wires of a stronger material than lead as the
'strengthening material " The said strengthening material may be made of
copper, brass, iron, steel or other suitable material, stronger or more rigid than
lead.
For many purposes the lead will be sufficiently strengthened by the strengthening
material being placed on or forced into one side of a sheet or plate of lead and the
combined lead and strengthening material may then be passed between rollers to
force the said strengthening material into the lead or complete the forcing of the
said material into the lead so that the surface is made flush or where it is not
convenient to use rollers the combining of the strengthening material with the lead
can be effected by beating or forcing the said strengthening material into the lead
by a smoothing iron and a hammer, which hammer can be worked either by hand
or by power. By this means the two metals are made into one combined sheet or
plate and the lead is strengthened.

page_text: The strengthening material may be forced into one or both sides of the surface
of lead or several layers of lead sheets, or plates and strengthening material may
be forced and fixed together to form one combined strong sheet or plate. If
preferable the strengthening medium can be coated with lead or other covering
before being forced into the lead.
Where the strengthening material is made of a soft or ductile metal (such for
instance as copper brass zinc or tin) that will stand rolling without breaking, one
or more layers of the strengthening material may be placed or supported in a mould
and the lead be cast in this mould around the said strengthening material, thus
forming a block or plate with one or more layers of strengthening material enclosed
therein. The block or plate thus formed is then rolled out in the ordinary or any
suitable way.
The strengthening material will roll out with the lead to such thickness of sheet
lead as may be required, By this means a combined Sheet of lead and copper or
other soft or ductile metal can be obtained of any desired size and thickness.
When this method is employed the strengthening material may be coated with
leid before being placed in the mould to ensure the said material adhering to the
mass of lead but this is not absolutely necessary, especially when wire-work is used
as the strengthening material.
Lead Sheets or plates, strengthened according to our Invention as hereinbefore
described are suitable for application as the lining of Iron or Steel vessels for
boiling paper pulp or for Chemical purposes and they can be used for covering
roofs of buildings and for all purposes where lead is used in situations where it is
liable to crack or increase in bulk by variation of temperature or where it has to
resist considerable pressures.
A good effect may be produced by the use of Indiarubber sheeting placed on one
side of the surface of the Sheet lead (whether strengthened according to my
Invention or not) or inserted between two or more layers of Sheet lead and these
sheets may be employed for lining boilers and other vessels used for Chemical or
other purposes or where preferable the India-rubber may be dissolved by a suitable
solvent into a liquid or a paste and be covered over the surface of the Sheet lead
or over the surface of the plates of the boiler or vessel to be lined.
In boilers or vessels lined with lead and having India-rubber between the layers
of metal; when the boiler or Vessel is subjected to heat and pressure, the India-
rubber is caused to adhere strongly to the metals, helping to keep the sheet lead in
position and forming a packing between the layers of metal capable of resisting
the Chemical actions of strong acids at high temperatures.
The following is a manner of making or securing a joint between sheets plates or
pieces of lead strengthened according to our Invention:-By preference, the said
Sheets, plates or pieces are brought together, they preferably having Square edges,
to make what is termed a jump joint.-The edges are then bevelled so as to leave
a channel which is then burnt up by means of the Hydrogen flame or other means,
so as to make this part flush or level with the lead sheets or plates. A strip of
wire netting or gauze or the like may then be hammered or pressed into the lining
by any suitable means, the said netting gauze or the like extending some little
distance on each side of the joint. The whole of this strip is then burnt over with
lead by means of the hydrogen flame or other means to such an extent and
thickness as to effectively protect the joint.
Instead of making a jump joint and channelling as described, the sheets or
plates may have edges bevelled or champered so as to correspond with each other
and make a level surface when joined together, the joint may then be channelled
and burat over flush as before, or the strengthening strip may be first embedded
and then the joint be burnt over as before described.
Any other suitable way however of inserting the strengthening strip and burning
over the joint may be employed as may be most convenient.
Where these improvements are applied to the lining of boilers or vessels
employed in the treatment of fibrous materials for the manufacture of paper pulp

page_text: or for other purposes they may be used in conjunction with the improvements
described in the Specification of Letters Patent N° 3257 granted to one of us
viz: Isaac Shimwell McDougall as of the 30th June 1883.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
First. The strengthening of lead by imbedding, enclosing, or introducing therein
or there-between, strengthening strips or wires or both, woven interlaced or
crossing each other, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Second. The production of Sheets or plates or other articles of strengthened
lead by placing in a mould strengthening strips or wires, or both, woven interlaced
or crossing each other, then casting lead into the mould, and afterwards rolling to
the requisite thickness the combined strengthening medium and lead, substantially
as hereinbefore described.
Third. The making and strengthening of joints in lead by means of strengthening
strips or wires or both woven interlaced or crossing each other and embedded in or
placed over the parts forming the joint and afterwards burning or melting lead
over the joint substantially as hereinbefore described.