Year: 1886

page_text: I, CARL GUSTAF PATRIK DE LAVAL, M.A of Ålandsgatan 14, Stockholm, Sweden,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the construction of centrifugal apparatus that can be
worked by hand power, for separating substances of different gravities, such as
milk and cream.
A long separating vessel is mounted upon a horizontal shaft and is fitted thereto
in two places, and secured in such a manner that the separating vessel with
openings at its respective ends, may be easily taken off the shaft, which is provided
with one or two friction wheels resting upon one or two greater friction wheels,
secured on another shaft, driven through wheels and a cord, or gearing, from a
third shaft. The shaft carrying the separating vessel is retained in place by
pivotted arms, so formed as to embrace the bearings of the shaft, these arms being
kept in place by springs that press against them.
One arrangement of such an apparatus is as follows: The separating vessel is
arranged at or near its respective ends to fit enlargements or collars of conical or
other shape on the horizontal shaft, there being an inlet for milk in one end of the
separating vessel and outlets for the separated products at the other.
A spring hook or catch at one end secures the vessel in place, or it may be
otherwise fixed. The shaft carries two small friction wheels that rest upon two
greater friction wheels.
The axes of the small and greater friction wheels may be in the same vertical
plane, but it is preferred to arrange the small friction wheels with their axes in a
different vertical plane, so that they shall not rest upon the highest parts of the
greater friction wheels. In this position the smaller friction wheels and the shaft
on which they are mounted are retained by pivotted arms formed with recesses
to embrace the bearings of the shaft, and pressed downward by springs carried by
the lid or cover of the apparatus.
The shaft carrying the greater friction wheels is mounted in bearings supported
by the end frames of the machine, which are connected by a bed plate and a top
plate, thus forming a rigid and compact stand. The shaft carrying the greater
.dll

page_text: friction wheels receives rotary motion by means of a cord from a large wheel
provided with a crank handle, which is mounted on a third shaft, the cord passing
twice around a pulley on the shaft that carries the greater friction wheels. In lieu
of this arrangement, spur gear or friction gear, or other means may be employed to
effect the same object. Milk is fed through a pipe provided with a regulating cock
to the separating vessel, through a regulating device comprising a vessel into the
upper part of which the above mentioned pipe projects, and which vessel is provided
with a float, whose upper end is of conical form or is equivalently shaped to enter
the lower end of the said pipe, so that according to the height of the float in its
containing vessel (depending upon the level of the milk therein) the inlet orifice
will be more or less obstructed, or it may be entirely closed. From the vessel con-
taining the float, the milk is conducted through a small pipe into an annular opening
between the end of the separating vessel and the shaft that carries it, and thence
during the rotary motion of the shaft the milk is thrown into the said vessel
through openings between parts that connect that end of the vessel to the shaft.
At the other end of the separating vessel, there is a pipe with outlet for skimmed
milk, and there is also an outlet for cream. These two outlets open respectively,
into two collecting vessels from which the separated products are discharged
through suitable pipes. The separating vessel, the float containing vessel, and the
collecting vessels are enclosed in a casing that serves to collect milk that may be
spilt. This casing is provided with a discharge cock, and is made in two parts, of
which the lower is secured to the stand and the upper to the lid. In a modification,
the apparatus is arranged to be worked by means of only one pair of friction
wheels. In this case the one bearing of the shaft carrying the separating vessel is
supported in any suitable manner, such as by a bracket projecting from the stand,
and the said shaft has only one friction wheel which rests on a greater friction
wheel fixed on a second shaft. In such an arrangement, instead of driving by cord
and pulley, toothed gear may be employed.
To work the apparatus, the wheel that is provided with a crank handle is turned
round by hand, and when the desired speed has been attained, milk is introduced
through the feed pipe, and the separated products are run off through the discharge
pipes already mentioned.
After each operation, the apparatus should be carefully cleansed, and by its
construction, under the various modifications, is particularly adapted to facilitate
compliance with this important requirement.
The milk supply through the feed pipe having been shut off, that pipe is removed.
Then the lid or cover, with the attached upper part of the casing, is raised and
turned back on its hinges; the arms (or arm) that secure the shaft bearings in
place are also raised; the vessel containing the float is turned on its pivot sufficiently
to withdraw from the annular opening the small pipe whereby the milk passes into
the separating vessel, to admit of the regulating vessel and its contained float being
removed. The separating vessel and the collecting vessels are now free and loose,
and can, together with the shaft and its small friction wheels (or wheel) and
bearings, be removed from the stand. This being effected, the collecting vessels are
removed, after which the shaft with the separating vessel upon it is turned on
end; the spring hook or catch is depressed, and the end of the shaft simultaneously
caused to strike some fixed object so as to loosen the separating vessel, and enable
it to be pulled off the shaft. Thus, the parts to be cleansed are separated from one
another, namely, the inlet or regulating vessel, the regulating float, the discharge
vessels, separating vessel, and the shaft with its enlargements and bearings. The
inverse order is adopted in again putting the parts together.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: and Cream.
I, CARL GUSTAF PATRIK DE LAVAL, M.A. of Ålandsgatan 14, Stockholm,
Sweden, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the construction of centrifugal apparatus that can be
worked by hand power, for separating substances of different gravities, such as
milk and cream.
A long separating vessel is mounted upon a horizontal shaft and is fitted thereto
in two places and secured in such a manner that the separating vessel may be
easily taken off the shaft, which is provided with one or two friction wheels resting
upon one or two greater friction wheels, secured on another shaft, driven through
wheels and a cord, or gearing, from a third shaft. The shaft carrying the
separating vessel is retained in place by pivotted arms so formed as to embrace
the bearings of the shaft, these arms being kept in place by springs that press
against them.
One arrangement of such an apparatus is represented in Figs. 1 to 12 inclusive
of the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section in the
line 1-1 of Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a transverse section in the line 2-2 Fig. 1; Figs. 3
and 4 are respectively a transverse section and a plan or top view of a portion of
the apparatus; Figs. 5 to 12 are detached detail views of the apparatus hereinafter
more particularly referred to.
a is the separating vessel arranged at or near its respective ends to fit enlarge-
ments or collars c, d of conical or other shape on the horizontal shaft b, there being
an inlet for milk at the one end of the separating vessel and outlets for the
separated products at the other.
A spring hook or catch e in a recess in the enlargement or collar d secures the
vessel in place or it may be otherwise fixed. The shaft b carries two small friction
wheels f, f that rest upon two greater friction wheels g, g. The axes of the small
and greater friction wheels g, g may be in the same vertical plane, but it is pre-
ferred to arrange the small friction wheels with their axis in a different vertical
plane, so that they shall not rest upon the highest parts of the greater friction
wheels g, g. In this position the smaller friction wheels f. f and the shaft on
which they are mounted are retained by arms k. k pivotted at i. i (see Fig. 3)
and formed with recesses to embrace the bearings h. h of the shaft, and pressed
downward by springs at l. 1 carried by the lid or cover m of the apparatus.
The shaft n carrying the greater friction wheels g. g is mounted in bearings
supported by the end frames o. o of the machine, which are connected by a bed
plate p and a top plate q thus forming a rigid and compact stand. The shaft a

page_text: receives rotary motion by means of a cord from a large wheel 8 (provided with a
crank handle ) which is mounted on a third shaft, the cord passing twice around
a pulley t of conical shape on the shaft n. In lieu of this arrangement spur gear
or friction gear, or other means may be employed to drive the shaft n.
Assuming that milk is to be treated to separate the cream from it, the milk is
fed through the pipe u provided with a regulating cock, to the separating vessel a
through a regulating device comprising a vessel v (Fig. 8) into the upper part of
which the pipe u projects, and which vessel is provided with a float h' (see Fig. 10)
whose upper end is of conical form or is equivalently shaped to enter the lower
end of the said pipe, so that according to the height of the float in its containing
vessel (depending upon the level of the milk therein) the inlet orifice will be more
or less obstructed, or it may be entirely closed. From the vessel v the milk is con-
ducted through the small pipe w into the annular cavity in the collar cand
thence during the rotary motion of the shaft the milk is thrown into the vessel a
through the openings y (see Figs. 1, 11, and 12) in the said collar. At the other
end of the separating vessel a there is a pipe z with outlet ¹ for skimmed milk,
and there is also an outlet a¹ for cream.
These two outlets open, respectively, into two collecting vessels b¹ and c¹ from
which the separated products are discharged through suitable pipes a³, e¹ respec-
tively. The separating vessel a the float containing vessel and the collecting
vessels b¹ c¹ are enclosed in a casing f¹ f² that serves to collect milk that may be
spilt. This casing is provided with a discharge cock and is made in two parts,
of which the lower f¹ is secured to the stand and the upper f2 to the lid m.
In a modification, represented in longitudinal section in Fig. 13 the apparatus
arranged to be worked by means of only one pair of friction wheels. In this case
the one bearing of the shaft b carrying the separating vessel a can be supported in
any suitable manner, such as by a bracket mi projecting from the stand, and the
said shaft b has only one friction wheelf which rests on a greater friction wheel g
on the second shaft n. In this modification instead of driving by cord and pulley
as in the arrangement herein before described the fly wheel s is shewn provided
with teeth which gear with a pinion on the shaft n.
To work the apparatus the fly-wheel s, which is provided with a crank handle r,
is turned round by hand, and when the desired speed has been attained, milk is
introduced through the feed pipe u and the separated products are run off through
the discharge pipes d'e¹ (see Figs. 6 and 7).
After each operation, the apparatus should be carefully cleansed, and as will be
seen its construction, under both modifications, is particularly adapted to facilitate
compliance with this important requirement.
For the purpose of cleaning, the milk supply through the feed pipe u having
been shut off, that pipe is removed. Then the lid or cover m with the attached
upper part of the casing is raised and turned back on its hinges as shown in
Figs. 3 and 4; the arms k. k that secure the shaft bearings h h in place are also
raised; the vessel is turned on its pivot v sufficiently to withdraw from the
annular cavity (see Figs. 1, 4, 8, 9 and 11) the small pipe w to admit of the
regulating vessel v and its contained float being removed. The separating
vessel a and the collecting vessels b¹ c¹ are now free and loose, and can, together
with the shaft b and its small friction wheels f. f (or wheel) and bearings h. h be
removed from the stand. This being effected, the collecting vessels b¹ c¹ are
removed, after which the shaft b with the separating vessel a upon it is turned on
end; the spring hook or catch e is depressed, and the end marked (see Fig. 11)
of the shaft simultaneously caused to strike some fixed object so as to loosen the
separating vessel a and enable it to be pulled off the shaft. Thus, the parts to be
cleansed are separated from one another, namely, the inlet or regulating vessel v
(Fig. 8) the regulating float 1 (Fig. 10) the discharge vessels b¹ c¹ (Figs. 6 and 7)
separating vessel a (Fig. 5) and the shaft b with its enlargements or collars c. d
and bearings h. h (Fig. 11). The inverse order is adopted in again putting the
parts together,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. Centrifugal separating apparatus constructed, arranged, and operating sub-
stantially as described with reference to Figs. 1 to 12 inclusive of the drawings.
2. Centrifugal separating apparatus constructed, arranged, and operating sub-
stantially as described with reference to Fig. 13 of the drawings.
3. In a centrifugal separating apparatus the arrangement of a separating vessel
open at both ends upon a shaft provided with enlargements or collars to which the
said vessel is fitted in such a manner that it may be readily taken off the shaft as
above explained.